The present disclosure relates to methods and systems related to transmission of nutraceutical associated information.

Imágenes(73)

Reclamaciones(48)

1. A method comprising:

accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals;

assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; and

processing, using one or more processors, the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and one or more results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators by at least comparing from two or more different times one or more values associated with the one or more indicators to one or more values associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; determining at least one correlation of the nutraceutical usage with the one or more indicators; and determining based at least in part upon the at least one determined correlation one or more nutraceutical dosages or modification of one or more nutraceutical dosages.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein operations of the method are implemented using a portable device.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals comprises:

accepting input associated with one or more pharmaceuticals used in conjunction with one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators comprises:

assaying one or more samples that include at least one of sweat, tears, urine, breath, skin, hair, saliva, excrement, or mucus.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators comprises:

assaying one or more samples that include blood.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators comprises:

detecting one or more indicators that include one or more nutraceutical associated indicators.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

comparing the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and/or one or more results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators with data associated with one or more other individuals.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals comprises:

accepting input related to one or more physical, mental, sleep, substance usage, and/or mood parameters related to the one or more individuals.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals comprises:

accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, the input provided via a user interface of a device different from a device assaying the one or more samples.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

displaying one or more health related recommendations.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing, using one or more processors, the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and one or more results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators by at least comparing from two or more different times one or more values associated with the one or more indicators to one or more values associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; determining at least one correlation of the nutraceutical usage with the one or more indicators; and determining based at least in part upon the at least one determined correlation one or more nutraceutical dosages or modification of one or more nutraceutical dosages comprises:

processing, using one or more processors, the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and one or more results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators by at least comparing from two or more different times one or more values associated with the one or more indicators to one or more values associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; determining at least one correlation of the nutraceutical usage with the one or more indicators; and determining based at least in part upon the at least one determined correlation and comparison with data of one or more other individuals one or more nutraceutical dosages or modification of one or more nutraceutical dosages.

13. A system comprising:

circuitry configured to accept input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals;

circuitry configured to assay one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; and

circuitry configured to process the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and one or more results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators by at least comparing from two or more different times one or more values associated with the one or more indicators to one or more values associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; determining at least one correlation of the nutraceutical usage with the one or more indicators; and determining based at least in part upon the at least one determined correlation one or more nutraceutical dosages or modification of one or more nutraceutical dosages.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein circuitry of the system is embodied in a portable device.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the circuitry configured to accept input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals comprises:

circuitry configured to accept input associated with one or more pharmaceuticals used in conjunction with one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals.

16. The system of claim 13, wherein the circuitry configured to assay one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators comprises:

circuitry configured to assay one or more samples that include at least one of sweat, tears, urine, breath, skin, hair, saliva, excrement, or mucus.

17. The system of claim 13, wherein the circuitry configured to assay one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators comprises:

circuitry configured to assay one or more samples that include blood.

18. The system of claim 13, wherein the circuitry configured to assay one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators comprises:

circuitry configured to detect one or more indicators that include one or more nutraceutical associated indicators.

19. The system of claim 13, further comprising:

circuitry configured to compare the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and/or one or more results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators with data associated with one or more other individuals.

20. The system of claim 13, further comprising:

circuitry configured to accept input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein the circuitry configured to accept input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals comprises:

circuitry configured to accept input related to one or more physical, mental, sleep, substance usage, and/or mood parameters related to the one or more individuals.

22. The system of claim 13, wherein the circuitry configured to accept input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals comprises:

circuitry configured to accept input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, the input provided via a user interface of a device different from a device assaying the one or more samples.

23. The system of claim 13, further comprising:

circuitry configured to display one or more health related recommendations.

24. The system of claim 13, wherein the circuitry configured to process, using one or more processors, the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and one or more results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators by at least comparing from two or more different times one or more values associated with the one or more indicators to one or more values associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; determining at least one correlation of the nutraceutical usage with the one or more indicators; and determining based at least in part upon the at least one determined correlation one or more nutraceutical dosages or modification of one or more nutraceutical dosages comprises:

circuitry configured to process, using one or more processors, the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and one or more results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators by at least comparing from two or more different times one or more values associated with the one or more indicators to one or more values associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; determining at least one correlation of the nutraceutical usage with the one or more indicators; and determining based at least in part upon the at least one determined correlation and comparison with data of one or more other individuals one or more nutraceutical dosages or modification of one or more nutraceutical dosages.

25. A system comprising:

means for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals;

means for assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; and

means for processing the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and one or more results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators by at least comparing from two or more different times one or more values associated with the one or more indicators to one or more values associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; determining at least one correlation of the nutraceutical usage with the one or more indicators; and determining based at least in part upon the at least one determined correlation one or more nutraceutical dosages or modification of one or more nutraceutical dosages.

26. The system of claim 25, wherein means of the system are implemented using a portable device.

27. The system of claim 25, wherein the means for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals comprises:

means for accepting input associated with one or more pharmaceuticals used in conjunction with one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals.

28. The system of claim 25, wherein the means for assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators comprises:

means for assaying one or more samples that include at least one of sweat, tears, urine, breath, skin, hair, saliva, excrement, or mucus.

29. The system of claim 25, wherein the means for assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators comprises:

means for assaying one or more samples that include blood.

30. The system of claim 25, wherein the means for assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators comprises:

means for detecting one or more indicators that include one or more nutraceutical associated indicators.

31. The system of claim 25, further comprising:

means for comparing the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and/or one or more results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators with data associated with one or more other individuals.

32. The system of claim 25, further comprising:

means for accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals.

33. The system of claim 32, wherein the means for accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals comprises:

means for accepting input related to one or more physical, mental, sleep, substance usage, and/or mood parameters related to the one or more individuals.

34. The system of claim 25, wherein the means for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals comprises:

means for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, the input provided via a user interface of a device different from a device assaying the one or more samples.

35. The system of claim 25, further comprising:

means for displaying one or more health related recommendations.

36. The system of claim 25, wherein the means for processing the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and one or more results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators by at least comparing from two or more different times one or more values associated with the one or more indicators to one or more values associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; determining at least one correlation of the nutraceutical usage with the one or more indicators; and determining based at least in part upon the at least one determined correlation one or more nutraceutical dosages or modification of one or more nutraceutical dosages comprises:

means for processing the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and one or more results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators by at least comparing from two or more different times one or more values associated with the one or more indicators to one or more values associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; determining at least one correlation of the nutraceutical usage with the one or more indicators; and determining based at least in part upon the at least one determined correlation and comparison with data of one or more other individuals one or more nutraceutical dosages or modification of one or more nutraceutical dosages.

37. One or more non-transitory computer readable storage media embodying one or more computer readable instructions configured to perform operations comprising:

accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals;

assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; and

processing, using one or more processors, the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and one or more results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators by at least comparing from two or more different times one or more values associated with the one or more indicators to one or more values associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; determining at least one correlation of the nutraceutical usage with the one or more indicators; and determining based at least in part upon the at least one determined correlation one or more nutraceutical dosages or modification of one or more nutraceutical dosages.

38. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 37, wherein operations of the method are implemented by a portable device.

39. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 37, wherein the accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals comprises: accepting input associated with one or more pharmaceuticals used in conjunction with one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals.

40. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 37, wherein the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators comprises:

assaying one or more samples that include at least one of sweat, tears, urine, breath, skin, hair, saliva, excrement, or mucus.

41. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 37, wherein the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators comprises: assaying one or more samples that include blood.

42. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 37, wherein the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators comprises: detecting one or more indicators that include one or more nutraceutical associated indicators.

43. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 37, wherein the method further includes: comparing the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and/or one or more results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators with data associated with one or more other individuals.

44. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 37, wherein the method further includes: accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals.

45. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 37, wherein the accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals comprises: accepting input related to one or more physical, mental, sleep, substance usage, and/or mood parameters related to the one or more individuals.

46. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 37, wherein the accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals comprises: accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, the input provided via a user interface of a device different from a device assaying the one or more samples.

47. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 37, wherein the method further includes: displaying one or more health related recommendations.

48. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 37, wherein the processing, using one or more processors, the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and one or more results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators by at least comparing from two or more different times one or more values associated with the one or more indicators to one or more values associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; determining at least one correlation of the nutraceutical usage with the one or more indicators; and determining based at least in part upon the at least one determined correlation one or more nutraceutical dosages or modification of one or more nutraceutical dosages comprises:

processing, using one or more processors, the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and one or more results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators by at least comparing from two or more different times one or more values associated with the one or more indicators to one or more values associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; determining at least one correlation of the nutraceutical usage with the one or more indicators; and determining based at least in part upon the at least one determined correlation and comparison with data of one or more other individuals one or more nutraceutical dosages or modification of one or more nutraceutical dosages.

Descripción

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is related to and claims the benefit of the earliest available effective filing date(s) from the following listed application(s) (the “Related applications”) (e.g., claims earliest available priority dates for other than provisional patent applications or claims benefits under 35 USC §119(e) for provisional patent applications, for any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. applications of the Related application(s)).

RELATED APPLICATIONS

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/888,627, entitled COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED WITH NUTRACEUTICAL RELATED ASSAYS, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., Clarence T. Tegreene; and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 31 Jul. 2007, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/888,614, entitled METHODS AND SYSTEMS RELATED TO RECEIVING NUTRACEUTICAL ASSOCIATED INFORMATION, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., Clarence T. Tegreene; and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 31 Jul. 2007, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/824,529, entitled COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS AND METHODS RELATED TO NUTRACEUTICALS, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., Clarence T. Tegreene; and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 28 Jun. 2007, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/824,604, entitled COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS RELATED TO NUTRACEUTICALS, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., Clarence T. Tegreene; and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 28 Jun. 2007, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/453,571, entitled INDIVIDUALIZED PHARMACEUTICAL SELECTION AND PACKAGING, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 14 Jun. 2006, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/478,341, entitled COMPUTATIONAL AND/OR CONTROL SYSTEMS RELATED TO INDIVIDUALIZED NUTRACEUTICAL SELECTION AND PACKAGING, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 28 Jun. 2006, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/478,296, entitled COMPUTATIONAL AND/OR CONTROL SYSTEMS RELATED TO INDIVIDUALIZED NUTRACEUTICAL SELECTION AND PACKAGING, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 28 Jun. 2006, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/486,998, entitled COMPUTATIONAL AND/OR CONTROL SYSTEMS RELATED TO INDIVIDUALIZED PHARMACEUTICAL AND NUTRACEUTICAL SELECTION AND PACKAGING, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 14 Jul. 2006, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/486,973, entitled COMPUTATIONAL AND/OR CONTROL SYSTEMS RELATED TO INDIVIDUALIZED PHARMACEUTICAL AND NUTRACEUTICAL SELECTION AND PACKAGING, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 14 Jul. 2006, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/474,109, entitled CUSTOMIZED VISUAL MARKING FOR MEDICATION LABELING, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 23 Jun. 2006, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/515,357, entitled COMPUTATIONAL AND/OR CONTROL SYSTEMS AND METHODS RELATED TO NUTRACEUTICAL AGENT SELECTION AND DOSING, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 1 Sep. 2006, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/518,540, entitled INDIVIDUALIZED PHARMACEUTICAL SELECTION AND PACKAGING, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 8 Sep. 2006, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/523,766, entitled COMPUTATIONAL AND/OR CONTROL SYSTEMS AND METHODS RELATED TO NUTRACEUTICAL AGENT SELECTION AND DOSING, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 18 Sep. 2006, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/523,809, entitled COMPUTATIONAL AND/OR CONTROL SYSTEMS AND METHODS RELATED TO NUTRACEUTICAL AGENT SELECTION AND DOSING, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 18 Sep. 2006, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/637,638, entitled METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR ANALYSIS OF NUTRACEUTICAL ASSOCIATED COMPONENTS, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Eric C. Leuthardt, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 11 Dec. 2006, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/637,616, entitled METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR ANALYSIS OF NUTRACEUTICAL ASSOCIATED COMPONENTS, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Eric C. Leuthardt, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 11 Dec. 2006, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/314,945, entitled GENERATING A REQUEST FROM A NUTRACEUTICAL INVENTORY, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., Clarence T. Tegreene, and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 20 Dec. 2005, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/291,482, entitled GENERATING A NUTRACEUTICAL REQUEST FROM AN INVENTORY, naming Edward K. Y. Jung, Royce A. Levien, Robert W. Lord, Mark A. Malamud, John D. Rinaldo, Jr., Clarence T. Tegreene, and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 30 Nov. 2005, which is currently co-pending, or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

The United States Patent Office (USPTO) has published a notice to the effect that the USPTO's computer programs require that patent applicants reference both a serial number and indicate whether an application is a continuation or continuation-in-part. Stephen G. Kunin, Benefit of Prior-Filed application, USPTO Official Gazette Mar. 18, 2003, available at http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/og/2003/week 11/patbene.htm. The present applicant entity has provided above a specific reference to the application(s) from which priority is being claimed as recited by statute. Applicant entity understands that the statute is unambiguous in its specific reference language and does not require either a serial number or any characterization, such as “continuation” or “continuation-in-part,” for claiming priority to U.S. patent applications. Notwithstanding the foregoing, applicant entity understands that the USPTO's computer programs have certain data entry requirements, and hence applicant entity is designating the present application as a continuation-in-part of its parent applications as set forth above, but expressly points out that such designations are not to be construed in any way as any type of commentary and/or admission as to whether or not the present application contains any new matter in addition to the matter of its parent application(s).

All subject matter of the Related applications and of any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. applications of the Related applications is incorporated herein by reference to the extent such subject matter is not inconsistent herewith.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to methods and systems related to transmission of nutraceutical associated information.

SUMMARY

In some embodiments a method is provided that includes accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and the assaying the one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators. The method may optionally include accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. The method may optionally include transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the accepting input associated with the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In addition to the foregoing, other method aspects are described in the claims, drawings, and/or text forming a part of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments a system is provided that includes circuitry for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, circuitry for assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and circuitry for transmitting one or more signals responsive to the circuitry for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and the circuitry for assaying the one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators. The system may optionally include circuitry for accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. The system may optionally include circuitry for transmitting one or more signals responsive to the circuitry for accepting input associated with the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In addition to the foregoing, other system aspects are described in the claims, drawings, and/or text forming a part of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments a system is provided that includes means for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, means for assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and means for transmitting one or more signals responsive to the means for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and the means for assaying the one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators. The system may optionally include means for accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. The system may optionally include means for transmitting one or more signals responsive to the means for accepting input associated with the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In addition to the foregoing, other system aspects are described in the claims, drawings, and/or text forming a part of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments a system is provided that includes a signal-bearing medium bearing: one or more instructions for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, one or more instructions for assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and the assaying the one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators. The system may optionally include one or more instructions for accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. The system may optionally include one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the accepting input associated with the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In addition to the foregoing, other system aspects are described in the claims, drawings, and/or text forming a part of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, means include but are not limited to circuitry and/or programming for effecting the herein referenced functional aspects; the circuitry and/or programming can be virtually any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware configured to effect the herein referenced functional aspects depending upon the design choices of the system designer. In addition to the foregoing, other system aspects means are described in the claims, drawings, and/or text forming a part of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, related systems include but are not limited to circuitry and/or programming for effecting the herein referenced method aspects; the circuitry and/or programming can be virtually any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware configured to effect the herein referenced method aspects depending upon the design choices of the system designer. In addition to the foregoing, other system aspects are described in the claims, drawings, and/or text forming a part of the present application.

The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings, claims, and the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 illustrates an example system 100 in which embodiments may be implemented.

FIG. 2 illustrates an operational flow 200 representing example operations related to processing and displaying input related to one or more individuals.

FIG. 2A illustrates an operational flow 200 representing example operations related to processing and displaying input related to one or more individuals.

FIG. 2B illustrates an operational flow 200 representing example operations related to processing and displaying input related to one or more individuals.

FIG. 2C illustrates an operational flow 200 representing example operations related to processing and displaying input related to one or more individuals.

FIG. 2D illustrates an operational flow 200 representing example operations related to processing and displaying input related to one or more individuals.

FIG. 2E illustrates an operational flow 200 representing example operations related to processing and displaying input related to one or more individuals.

FIG. 47 illustrates an example system 4700 in which embodiments may be implemented.

FIG. 47A illustrates an example system 4700 in which embodiments may be implemented.

FIG. 47B illustrates an example system 4700 in which embodiments may be implemented.

FIG. 47C illustrates an example system 4700 in which embodiments may be implemented.

FIG. 47D illustrates an example system 4700 in which embodiments may be implemented.

FIG. 47E illustrates an example system 4700 in which embodiments may be implemented.

FIG. 48 illustrates an example system 4800 in which embodiments may be implemented.

FIG. 48A illustrates an example system 4800 in which embodiments may be implemented.

FIG. 49 illustrates an example system 4900 in which embodiments may be implemented.

FIG. 49A illustrates an example system 4900 in which embodiments may be implemented.

FIG. 49B illustrates an example system 4900 in which embodiments may be implemented.

FIG. 49C illustrates an example system 4900 in which embodiments may be implemented.

FIG. 49D illustrates an example system 4900 in which embodiments may be implemented.

FIG. 49E illustrates an example system 4900 in which embodiments may be implemented.

FIG. 50 illustrates an example system 5000 in which embodiments may be implemented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented here.

While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims. FIG. 1 illustrates an example system 100 in which embodiments may be implemented. In some embodiments, the system 100 is operable to provide a method and system 100 for nutraceutical related analysis. In some embodiments, system 100 may include one or more accepting units 110. In some embodiments, system 100 may include one or more assaying units 120. In some embodiments, system 100 may include one or more computation units 130. In some embodiments, system 100 may include one or more display units 140. In some embodiments, system 100 may include one or more transmitting units 150. In some embodiments, system 100 may include one or more receiving units 160. In some embodiments, system 100 may include one or more user interfaces 170.

Accepting Unit

The system 100 can include one or more accepting units 110. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 can include a physical device which allows input entry, such as a touchpad, keypad, hardwired telephone, and the like. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 can include a wireless connection that allows the one or more accepting units 110 to accept input from one or more users 180 through a wireless connection. For example, in some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input from one or more users 180 through use of a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant, a wireless computer, and the like. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 can be used to intake information related to one or more parameters associated with one or more specified goals of an individual. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may be used to accept input related to one or more levels of one or more metabolic indicators related to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to one or more levels of one or more metabolic activities linked to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept one or more levels of one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to pharmaceutical usage by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input from another device. For example, in some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input from a diagnostic device. Such diagnostic devices include, but are not limited to, devices used to analyze bodily samples obtained from an individual (i.e., blood, urine, saliva, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, breath, skin, tissue, tears, mucus, genital products, hair, fecal material, and the like), devices used to analyze the appearance of an individual (i.e., eye color, skin color, hair color, the presence or absence of bags under the eyes, presence or absence of hair, and the like), devices used to analyze a characteristic of the individual (i.e., speech, reaction time, reflexes, temperature, eye dilation, retinal profile, height, weight, waistline, and the like), and other devices used to diagnose and/or analyze an individual.

Assay Unit

Numerous types of assay units 120 may be used within system 100. Accordingly, numerous types of detection methods may be used within system 100. Examples of such detection methods include, but are not limited to, colorimetric methods, spectroscopic methods, resonance based methods, or substantially any combination thereof. In some embodiments, an assay unit 120 may be stationary. For example, in some embodiments, an assay unit 120 may be a laboratory instrument. In some embodiments, an assay unit 120 may be portable. For example, in some embodiments, an assay unit 120 may be a hand-held device. In some embodiments, an assay unit 120 may utilize fluidics to facilitate detection of indicators. In some embodiments, an assay unit may utilize microfluidics to facilitate detection of indicators (e.g., U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/637,638 and 11/637,616; herein incorporated by reference).

In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may facilitate detection of one or more indicators through use of polynucleotide interaction (Singh-Zocchi et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 100:7605-7610 (2003) and Wang et al., Anal. Chem., 75:3941-3945 (2003)). Such polynucleotide interaction may occur through hybridization of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, derivatives thereof, or substantially any combination thereof. In some embodiments, polynucleotides may be configured in polynucleotide arrays. Methods to construct polynucleotide arrays are known and have been used to construct various polynucleotide arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, Calif.).

In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may facilitate detection of one or more indicators through use of competition assays. In some embodiments, a competition assay may utilize a reaction mixture that may include a first fluorescently labeled component that binds to a second fluorescently labeled component. The presence of one or more unlabeled indicators (e.g., nutraceutical associated indicators) in the reaction mixture decreases the amount of labeled first component and labeled second component that bind to each other and thereby reduces fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Accordingly, detecting the level of fluorescence resonance energy transfer allows the amount of an indicator within a sample to be determined. Numerous other configurations may be prepared that utilize fluorescence resonance energy transfer by one or more assay units 120. In some embodiments, fluorescence quenching may be used within a competition assay. In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be configured for competition assays where a sample being tested for one or more indicators is mixed with a reaction mixture that includes one or more labeled indicators of the same type. The mixed reaction mixture is then passed over a field and/or array to which moieties that bind to the one or more indicators and the labeled indicators are immobilized. The one or more unlabeled indicators in the sample will compete with the one or more labeled indicators in the reaction mixture for binding and will thereby decrease the amount of label bound within the field and/or array. Accordingly, the amount of one or more indicators present in the sample may be indicated by a decrease in bound label. In some embodiments, such assay units 120 may include a control field and/or array. In some embodiments, such assay units 120 may be calibrated prior to application of a sample and therefore not include a control field and/or array. In some embodiments, such fields and/or arrays may include polynucleotides, proteins, peptides, nucleic acid aptamers, peptide aptamers, antibodies, chemicals, chromatographic media, and other materials that may be used to separate one or more indicators from one or more samples. Accordingly, fields and/or arrays may include numerous types of moieties that may be used to detect numerous types of indicators. In some embodiments, an assay unit 120 may be configured to detect one type of indicator. In some embodiments, an assay unit 120 may be configured to detect one or more indicators.

In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be configured to facilitate detection of one or more indicators through use of protein interaction. In some embodiments, such interaction may occur through a binding interaction. In some embodiments, such interaction may include enzymatic activity. For example, an assay unit 120 may include one or more enzymes that catalyze a reaction that includes an indicator as a substrate or as a product. In some embodiments, an indicator may be detected on the ability to stimulate an enzyme. In some embodiments, an indicator may be assayed based on the ability to inhibit an enzyme. In some embodiments, such enzyme assays may be colorimetric assays. Accordingly, numerous types of enzyme assays may be adapted for detection of one or more indicators.

One or more assay units 120 may be configured to utilize electrical conductivity to detect one or more indicators. Briefly, in some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may include electrodes that may be directly coupled to a processor so that the processor may determine the electrical conductivity between electrodes of a particular sensor (U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,958,216 and 7,022,288; herein incorporated by reference). In some embodiments, such electrodes may be configured to interact with one or more indicators to allow flow of a detectable current to indicate the presence of the one or more indicators in a sample.

In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be configured to utilize isoelectric focusing to facilitate detection of one or more indicators (i.e., U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,074,583; 7,046,357; 6,852,206; 6,849,396; and 7,074,311; herein incorporated by reference). Briefly, isoelectric focusing may be used to characterize indicators, such as proteins, based on differences in their isoelectric points. The indicators may then be separated according to their position within a pH gradient.

Numerous chromatographic methods may be used to facilitate detection of one or more indicators. Examples of such chromatographic methods include, but are not limited to, gel filtration chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, and the like.

In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be configured to utilize filtration to facilitate detection of one or more indicators. For example, one or more indicators may be separated from one or more samples based on their ability and/or inability to pass through a filter. Such filters may separate indicators based on numerous properties. Examples of such properties include, but are not limited to, molecular weight, charge, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and the like. In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be configured to use an H-filter to separate one or more indicators from one or more samples. Such H-filters have been described (U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,221,677; 6,695,147; 6,541,213; herein incorporated by reference).

In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be configured to utilize electrophoresis to facilitate detection of one or more indicators within one or more samples. Such methods are known in the art (Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 3rd edition (Jan. 15, 2001)).

In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be configured to utilize immunoassay to facilitate detection of one or more indicators within one or more samples. Such methods are known in the art (Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 3rd edition (Jan. 15, 2001)). Combinations of numerous methods may be used to facilitate detection of one or more indicators.

In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may detect one or more indicators with at least one technique that includes spectroscopy, electrochemical detection, polynucleotide detection, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, electron transfer, enzyme assay, electrical conductivity, isoelectric focusing, chromatography, immunoprecipitation, immunoseparation, aptamer binding, filtration, electrophoresis, immunoassay, or substantially any combination thereof. Numerous spectroscopy based methods may be used by one or more assay units 120. Examples of such spectroscopic methods include, but are not limited to, mass spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, light absorbance, light transmittance, infrared spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, plasmon resonance spectroscopy, ultraviolet light spectroscopy, visible light spectroscopy, and the like. Electrochemical detection may be utilized by one or more assay units 120 in some embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may detect conductivity, electromotive force, oxidation potential, reduction potential, redox current, and the like (i.e., Xiao et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 103:16677-16680 (2006) and Fan et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 100:9134-9137 (2003)). In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may detect polynucleotide binding (Singh-Zocchi et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 100:7605-7610 (2003) and Wang et al., Anal. Chem., 75:3941-3945 (2003)). Such polynucleotide binding may occur through hybridization of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may detect fluorescent resonance energy transfer. For example, one or more assay units 120 may be configured for analysis of one or more indicators through use of competition assays. Electron transfer may be utilized by one or more assay units 120 (Fan et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 100:9134-9137 (2003)). One or more assay units 120 may utilize numerous types of enzyme assays. For example, in some embodiments, such enzyme assays may be calorimetric assays. In some embodiments, one or more indicators that stimulate or inhibit the activity of an enzyme may be detected. Accordingly, numerous types of enzyme assays may be adapted for detection of one or more indicators. In some embodiments, immunoseparation may be used to detect one or more indicators. Briefly, one or more indicators may be detected upon binding to an antibody or an antibody fragment. In some embodiments, aptamer binding may be used to detect one or more indicators. Briefly, one or more indicators may be detected upon binding to an aptamer. Numerous types of aptamers may be utilized to detect indicators. Examples of aptamers include, but are not limited to, peptide aptamers and polynucleotide aptamers. In some embodiments, electrophoresis may be used to detect one or more indicators. Such methods are known in the art (Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 3rd edition (Jan. 15, 2001)). In some embodiments, immunoassay may be used to detect one or more indicators. Such methods are known in the art (Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 3rd edition (Jan. 15, 2001)). Combinations of numerous methods may be used to detect one or more indicators. For example, in some embodiments, electrophoresis may be combined with colorimetric methods.

Computation Unit

The system 100 may include one or more computation units 130. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to process input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. A computation unit 130 may process input in numerous ways. For example, in some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare input related to an individual to one or more other individuals. Accordingly, in some embodiments, system 100 provides for comparison of an individual's nutraceutical usage to other individuals. Accordingly, in some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may access one or more databases. Such databases may contain numerous types of information. Such information may include, but is not limited to, ranges of indicator concentrations found in numerous types of samples (e.g., iron concentration found in blood; salivary levels of estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, DHEA, cortisol; urinary levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine; and the like). In some embodiments, such databases may contain information related physical parameters of persons (e.g., weight, blood pressure, body fat percentage, height, resting heart rate). In some embodiment, such databases may include information related to ranges of physical parameters that are relative to another physical parameter. For example, in some embodiments, such databases may include a range of blood pressure measurements for a person of a given height, weight, and age. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may analyze input in a time dependent manner. For example, in some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to titrate nutraceutical usage by an individual. Accordingly, in some embodiments, an individual may be able to determine such factors as nutraceutical dosage, time of administration, route of administration, and the like, that will provide an individual with an increased benefit from nutraceutical usage.

System 100 may be used to detect numerous types of indicators. Numerous types of indicators may be detected. Examples of indicators include, but are not limited to, proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, metabolites, salts, sugars, metals, lipids, fatty acids, and the like. In some embodiments, the indicators may be nutraceutical associated indicators. Generally, a nutraceutical associated indicator is a bodily component that is affected by the action, presence, absence, and/or deficiency of a nutraceutical. For example, the amount, activity, availability, and/or concentration of a nutraceutical associated indicator may be increased or decreased in a manner that is dependent upon the presence or absence of one or more nutraceuticals. Nutraceutical associated indicators may also include one or more components that are indicative of a need for supplementation and/or reduction. For example, in some embodiments, a nutraceutical associated indicator may be an enzyme and/or an enzyme activity where high or low levels of the enzyme and/or enzyme activity indicate a need for supplementation or reduction in the level of one or more nutraceuticals (i.e., the activity of an enzyme that produces a stress hormone may indicate a need for supplementation with a stress-reducing vitamin). Numerous types of nutraceutical associated indicators may be analyzed through use of system 100. Examples of such nutraceutical associated indicators include, but are not limited to, enzymes, hormones, prohormones, hemoglobin, polynucleotides, proteins, peptides, antioxidants, minerals, vitamins, and substantially any combination thereof. In some embodiments, a nutraceutical associated indicator includes a nutraceutical.

Display Unit

The system 100 can include one or more display units 140. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 can be used to indicate one or more nutraceuticals in response to input related to one or more parameters related to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 can be used to indicate one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals in response to input related to one or more parameters related to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals in human-readable format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals in machine-readable format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 can be included within system 100 through use of a hardwired connection. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 can be included within system 100 through use of a wireless connection. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 can be included within system 100 through use of a hardwired and a wireless connection.

Dosage

Dosages may be expressed in numerous ways. In some embodiments, a dosage may be expressed as an absolute quantity (i.e., 500 milligrams of a nutraceutical). In other embodiments, a dosage may be expressed in accordance with the body weight of an individual (i.e., 10 milligram nutraceutical agent 118 per kilogram body weight). In some embodiments, a dosage may be expressed as a range of quantities (i.e., 10 milligrams to 100 milligrams of a nutraceutical). In some embodiments, a dosage may be an amount of a nutraceutical that produces a desired response when administered to a specific individual. For example, a dosage of melatonin may be the amount of melatonin that induces sleep in a specific individual. The dosage of a nutraceutical may vary according to numerous considerations that include, but are not limited to, the route of administration, the age of the individual, the size of the individual, the metabolic characteristics of the individual, the condition of the individual, and the like. In some embodiments, the dosage of a nutraceutical may be determined that produces a measurable effect, such as a physical effect, a psychological effect, a physiological effect, and the like. Accordingly, in some embodiments, a dosage may be expressed as an amount of a nutraceutical that produces a mental response in an individual. For example, in some embodiments, a dosage may be the amount of a nutraceutical that produces a sensation of well-being when administered to an individual. In other embodiments, a dosage may be the amount of a nutraceutical that elevates the mood of an individual to whom the nutraceutical is to be administered. Numerous additional criteria may be used to determine the dosage of a nutraceutical for administration to an individual. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 can display one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals and one or more formulations of the one or more nutraceuticals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may indicate a formulation and dosage of chromium. Presently, the most widely available chromium supplements are chromium salts such as chromium polynicotinate, chromium picolinate, and various chromium/amino acid chelates. Such formulations help increase the absorption and availability of chromium when compared to isolated chromium salts such as chromium chloride. The estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake of chromium is 50-200 micrograms. Natural forms of supplemental chromium, such as chromium-rich yeast, may be absorbed somewhat more efficiently than inorganic forms of chromium, such as chromium chloride, found in some supplements. One ounce of brewer's yeast provides approximately 100-200 micrograms of chromium. Accordingly, in some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display a dosage of chromium and a corresponding formulation of the chromium. In another embodiment, one or more display units 140 may display a dosage of vitamin A. For vitamin A deficiency syndromes, vitamin A may be orally supplemented at a dosage of 600 micrograms for children aged 3 years or younger, 900 micrograms for children aged 4-8 years, 1700 micrograms for children aged 9-13 years, 2800 micrograms for persons aged 14-18 years, and 3000 micrograms for all adults. Therapeutic doses for severe disease include 60,000 micrograms, which has been shown to reduce child mortality rates by 35-70%. One or more display units 140 may indicate dosages for numerous types of nutraceuticals that are formulated in numerous ways.

Transmitting Unit

The system 100 can include one or more transmitting units 150. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 can be used to transmit one or more signals in response to input related to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 can be used to transmit one or more levels of one or more metabolic indicators related to an individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 can be used to transmit one or more levels of one or more metabolic activities related to an individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 can be used to transmit input related to nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 can be used to transmit input related to pharmaceutical usage by an individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 can be used to transmit input related to one or more parameters associated with one or more specified goals of an individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 can be used to transmit input related to selection of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 can be used to transmit input related to one or more nutraceuticals that stimulate one or more metabolic pathways related to an individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 can be used to transmit input related to one or more nutraceuticals that inhibit one or more metabolic pathways related to an individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 can be used to transmit input related to selection of at least one vitamin, mineral, enzyme, amino acid, homeopathic supplement, toxin, homeopathic substance, traditional remedy, herbal supplement, glandular supplement, or substantially any combination thereof. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 can be included within system 100 through use of a hardwired connection. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 can be included within system 100 through use of a wireless connection. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 can be included within system 100 through use of a hardwired and a wireless connection.

Signal

The system 100 may include one or more signals. Numerous types of signals may be transmitted. Examples of such signals include, but are not limited to, hardwired signals, wireless signals, infrared signals, optical signals, radiofrequency (RF) signals, audible signals, digital signals, analog signals, or substantially any combination thereof.

Receiving Unit

The system 100 may include one or more receiving units 160. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals transmitted in response to intaking information related to one or more parameters related to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to one or more metabolic parameters related to an individual. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to nutraceutical usage of one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to pharmaceutical usage by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive input related to one or more goals of an individual. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive input related to selection of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive input related to selection of one or more nutraceuticals to increase one or more levels of one or more components associated with an individual. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive input related to selection of one or more nutraceuticals to decrease one or more levels of one or more components associated with an individual. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive input related to selection of one or more nutraceuticals that stimulate one or more metabolic pathways related to an individual. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive input related to selection of one or more nutraceuticals that inhibit one or more metabolic pathways related to an individual. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive input related to selection of at least one vitamin, mineral, enzyme, amino acid, homeopathic supplement, toxin, homeopathic substance, traditional remedy, herbal supplement, glandular supplement, or substantially any combination thereof.

The system 100 may provide for user interaction. In some embodiments, a user 180 may interact with one or more accepting units 110, one or more computation units 130, one or more display units 140, one or more transmitting units 150, one or more receiving units 160, and/or substantially any combination thereof. The user 180 can interact through use of numerous user interfaces 170. For example, a user 180 may interact through use of hardwired methods, such as through use of a keyboard, use of wireless methods, use of the internet, and the like. In some embodiments, a user 180 is a health-care worker. Examples of such health-care workers include, but are not limited to, physicians, nurses, dieticians, pharmacists, and the like. In some embodiments, users 180 may include those persons who work in health-related fields, such as coaches, personal trainers, clerks at food supplement stores, clerks at grocery stores, and the like. In some embodiments, a user 180 is not human. In some embodiments, a user 180 may be an individual. In some embodiments, an individual may be afflicted with a diagnosed condition. For example, in some embodiments, an individual may be afflicted with depression, anemia, obesity, insomnia, lower hormone levels, and the like. In some embodiments, an individual may be afflicted with an undiagnosed condition. In some embodiments, such an undiagnosed condition may be an actual condition or a perceived condition.

FIG. 2 illustrates an operational flow representing examples of operations that are related to the performance of one or more methods related to one or more nutraceuticals. In FIG. 2 and in following figures that include various examples of operations used during performance of the method, discussion and explanation may be provided with respect to the above-described example of FIG. 1, and/or with respect to other examples and contexts. However, it should be understood that the operations may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or modified versions of FIG. 1. Also, although the various operations are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.

After a start operation, the operational flow 200 includes an assaying operation 210 involving assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators. In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be used to assay one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators. One or more assay units 120 may be used to assay numerous types of samples. Examples of such samples include, but are not limited to, sweat, tears, urine, breath, skin, hair, saliva, excrement, mucus, blood, and/or substantially any combination thereof. One or more assay units 120 may be used to assay for numerous types of indicators. Examples of such indicators include, but are not limited to, proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, metabolites, salts, sugars, metals, lipids, fatty acids, enzymes, hormones, prohormones, hemoglobin, antioxidants, minerals, vitamins, and/or substantially any combination thereof. One or more assay units 120 may use numerous methods to assay one or more samples. Examples of such methods include, but are not limited to, spectroscopy, electrochemical detection, polynucleotide detection, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, electron transfer, enzyme assay, electrical conductivity, isoelectric focusing, chromatography, immunoprecipitation, immunoseparation, aptamer binding, filtration, electrophoresis, immunoassay, and/or substantially any combination thereof.

The operational flow 200 includes an accepting operation 220 involving accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may be used to accept input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals. Such input may include, but is not limited to, the identity, concentration, formulation, time of administration, and/or method of administration, of one or more nutraceuticals.

The operational flow 200 includes a processing operation 230 involving processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators and the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to process the results of assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators and input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals. One or more computation units 130 may process results in many ways. For example, in some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare one or more values associated with one or more indicators to the nutraceutical usage by an individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more ratios of one or more values associated with one or more indicators to one or more values associated with the nutraceutical usage by an individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare one or more indicator values associated with an individual to one or more substantially similar values associated with another individual.

FIG. 2A illustrates an operational flow representing examples of operations that are related to the performance of one or more methods related to one or more nutraceuticals. In FIG. 2A and in following figures that include various examples of operations used during performance of the method, discussion and explanation may be provided with respect to the above-described example of FIG. 1, and/or with respect to other examples and contexts. However, it should be understood that the operations may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or modified versions of FIG. 1. Also, although the various operations are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.

The operational flow 200 may optionally include a displaying operation 240 involving displaying results of the processing. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display the results of processing. For example, in some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display values associated with one or more indicators associated with an individual. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display values associated with nutraceutical usage by an individual. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display values associated with one or more indicators and nutraceutical usage associated with an individual. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display comparisons of one or more indicators and nutraceutical usage by an individual. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display comparisons of one or more values associated with one or more indicators associated with an individual to one or more substantially similar values associated with another individual. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display comparisons of nutraceutical usage by an individual to nutraceutical usage by another individual. Accordingly, one or more display units 140 may display numerous types of information.

FIG. 2B illustrates an operational flow representing examples of operations that are related to the performance of one or more methods related to one or more nutraceuticals. In FIG. 2B and in following figures that include various examples of operations used during performance of the method, discussion and explanation may be provided with respect to the above-described example of FIG. 1, and/or with respect to other examples and contexts. However, it should be understood that the operations may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or modified versions of FIG. 1. Also, although the various operations are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.

The operational flow 200 may optionally include a transmitting operation 250 involving transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators and the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to processing results of assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators and input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to one or more concentrations of one or more indicators associated with an individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to nutraceutical usage by an individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to the ratio of one or more indicators to nutraceutical usage by an individual. Numerous types of information may be transmitted by one or more transmitting units 150.

FIG. 2C illustrates an operational flow representing examples of operations that are related to the performance of one or more methods related to one or more nutraceuticals. In FIG. 2C and in following figures that include various examples of operations used during performance of the method, discussion and explanation may be provided with respect to the above-described example of FIG. 1, and/or with respect to other examples and contexts. However, it should be understood that the operations may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or modified versions of FIG. 1. Also, although the various operations are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.

The operational flow 200 may optionally include an accepting operation 260 involving accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more parameters related to one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to physical parameters. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to mental parameters. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to psychological parameters. Accordingly, one or more accepting units 110 may accept numerous types of input.

The operational flow 200 may optionally include a processing operation 270 involving processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators, the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, and the input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may process the results of assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators, input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, and input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare nutraceutical usage by an individual to one or more values associated with one or more parameters and/or one or more indicators associated with the individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more ratios of values related to nutraceutical usage by an individual to one or more values associated with one or more parameters and/or one or more values associated with one or more indicators associated with the individual.

FIG. 2D illustrates an operational flow representing examples of operations that are related to the performance of one or more methods related to one or more nutraceuticals. In FIG. 2D and in following figures that include various examples of operations used during performance of the method, discussion and explanation may be provided with respect to the above-described example of FIG. 1, and/or with respect to other examples and contexts. However, it should be understood that the operations may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or modified versions of FIG. 1. Also, although the various operations are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.

The operational flow 200 may optionally include a displaying operation 280 involving displaying results of the processing. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing. For example, in some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display the results of assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators, input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, and input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals.

FIG. 2E illustrates an operational flow representing examples of operations that are related to the performance of one or more methods related to one or more nutraceuticals. In FIG. 2E and in following figures that include various examples of operations used during performance of the method, discussion and explanation may be provided with respect to the above-described example of FIG. 1, and/or with respect to other examples and contexts. However, it should be understood that the operations may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or modified versions of FIG. 1. Also, although the various operations are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.

The operational flow 200 may optionally include a transmitting operation 290 involving transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators, the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, and the input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to processing results of assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators, input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, and input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to a comparison of nutraceutical usage by an individual to one or more values associated with one or more parameters and/or one or more indicators associated with the individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to the determination of one or more ratios of values related to nutraceutical usage by an individual to one or more values associated with one or more parameters and/or one or more values associated with one or more indicators associated with the individual.

FIG. 3 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 3 illustrates example embodiments where the assaying operation 210 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 302, an operation 304, an operation 306, and/or an operation 308.

At operation 302, the assaying operation 210 may include assaying the one or more samples that include at least one of sweat, tears, urine, breath, skin, hair, saliva, excrement, or mucus. In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be configured to assay one or more samples that include at least one of sweat, tears, urine, breath, skin, hair, saliva, excrement, mucus, or substantially any combination thereof. In some embodiments, individuals may collect one or more samples from themselves. Accordingly, in some embodiments, system 100 may be used for point-of-care analysis by an individual. In some embodiments, one or more samples may be analyzed by someone other than the individual from whom the one or more samples were collected. For example, a physician, nurse, coach, nutritionist, personal trainer, or the like may collect one or more samples from an individual and then analyze the one or more samples through use of system 100.

At operation 304, the assaying operation 210 may include assaying the one or more samples that include blood. In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be configured to assay one or more blood samples. For example, in some embodiments, an assay unit 120 may include a needle that may be used to penetrate tissue to accept a blood sample. In some embodiments, an assay unit 120 may include a capillary tube that may be used to accept blood for analysis. Such a capillary tube may be used to accept blood for analysis without having to pierce the skin or other tissue of an individual. For example, such a capillary tube may be used to accept a blood sample for analysis by inserting the capillary tube into a blood sample resulting from a finger stick with a lancet.

In some embodiments, individuals may collect one or more blood samples from themselves. Accordingly, in some embodiments, system 100 may be used for point-of-care analysis by an individual. In some embodiments, one or more blood samples may be processed by someone other than the individual from whom the one or more samples were collected. For example, in some embodiments, individuals may collect one or more blood samples from themselves and then send the one or more blood samples for analysis by a person other than the individual from whom the samples were collected. In other embodiments, one or more blood samples may be collected from an individual and analyzed by a person other than the individual. For example, a physician, nurse, coach, nutritionist, personal trainer, or the like may collect one or more blood samples from an individual and then analyze the one or more blood samples through use of system.

At operation 306, the assaying operation 210 may include detecting the one or more indicators that include one or more nutraceutical associated indicators. In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be configured to detect one or more indicators that include one or more nutraceutical associated indicators. Generally, a nutraceutical associated indicator is a bodily component that is affected by the action, presence, absence, and/or deficiency of a nutraceutical. Examples of such nutraceutical associated indicators include, but are not limited to, enzymes, hormone, prohormone, hemoglobin, polynucleotide, proteins, peptides, antioxidant, minerals, vitamins, and substantially any combination thereof.

At operation 308, the assaying operation 210 may include detecting the one or more indicators with at least one technique that includes spectroscopy, electrochemical detection, polynucleotide detection, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, electron transfer, enzyme assay, electrical conductivity, isoelectric focusing, chromatography, immunoprecipitation, immunoseparation, aptamer binding, filtration, electrophoresis, or immunoassay. In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be configured to detect one or more indicators with at least one technique that includes spectroscopy, electrochemical detection, polynucleotide detection, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, electron transfer, enzyme assay, electrical conductivity, isoelectric focusing, chromatography, immunoprecipitation, immunoseparation, aptamer binding, filtration, electrophoresis, immunoassay, or substantially any combination thereof.

FIG. 4 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 illustrates example embodiments where the accepting operation 220 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 402, an operation 404, and/or an operation 406.

At operation 402, the accepting operation 220 may include accepting input associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals that are used by an individual at the same time. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals that are used by an individual at different times. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals that are used by an individual over a series of time points. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more concentrations that are expressed as an administered dosage. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals that are expressed as a systemic concentration of the one or more nutraceuticals within one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals that are excreted by one or more individuals.

At operation 404, the accepting operation 220 may include accepting input associated with one or more identities of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more identities of one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more nutraceuticals may be identified by brand name. In some embodiments, one or more nutraceuticals may be identified by chemical name. In some embodiments, one or more nutraceuticals may be identified by popular name.

At operation 406, the accepting operation 220 may include accepting input associated with one or more formulations of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more formulations of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. Examples of such formulations include, but are not limited to, formulations that may be administered orally, transdermally, rectally, vaginally, peritoneally, nasally, and the like. In some embodiments, such formulations may include one or more components. For example, in some embodiments, a formulation may include numerous vitamins, minerals, and the like.

FIG. 5 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 5 illustrates example embodiments where the accepting operation 220 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 502, an operation 504, and/or an operation 506.

At operation 502, the accepting operation 220 may include accepting input associated with one or more times of administration of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more times of administration of one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with multiple administrations of one or more nutraceuticals at multiple times. Accordingly, such input may be used to prepare a presentation showing nutraceutical administration relative to time. In some embodiments, additional information may be combined with times of nutraceutical administration. For example, in some embodiments, time of administration may be combined with the identity of one or more nutraceuticals, the concentration of one or more nutraceuticals, the formulation of one or more nutraceuticals, the route of administration of one or more nutraceuticals, parameters associated with one or more individuals, or substantially any combination thereof.

At operation 504, the accepting operation 220 may include accepting input associated with one or more methods of administration of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more methods of administration of one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals. Numerous methods may be used to administer one or more nutraceuticals to one or more individuals. Examples of such methods include, but are not limited to, oral administration, parenteral administration, transdermal administration, nasal administration, sublingual administration, vaginal administration, rectal administration, and the like.

At operation 506, the accepting operation 220 may include accepting input associated with one or more pharmaceuticals used in conjunction with one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more pharmaceuticals used in conjunction with one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals. One or more accepting units 110 may accept numerous types of input related to pharmaceuticals. Examples of such input include, but are not limited to, route of administration, time of administration, identity of one or more pharmaceuticals, concentration of one or more pharmaceuticals, interactions of one or more pharmaceuticals with other pharmaceuticals and/or nutraceuticals, mechanism of action utilized by one or more pharmaceuticals, and the like.

FIG. 6 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 6 illustrates example embodiments where the processing operation 230 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 602, an operation 604, an operation 606, and/or an operation 608.

At operation 602, the processing operation 230 may include comparing the input associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals to the one or more indicators. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals to one or more indicators. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals to the level of one or more indicators at one or more times. For example, in some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to determine if an increase or decrease in the dosage of a nutraceutical administered to an individual produces a change in the level and/or activity of one or more indicators associated with the individual over time. Accordingly, in some embodiments, nutraceutical dosage may be titrated to determine a dosage that will cause attainment of a level and/or activity of one or more indicators associated with an individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine a ratio of nutraceutical dose to indicator concentration. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine a ratio of nutraceutical dose to indicator activity. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine a nutraceutical dosage that will increase or decrease the concentration of one or more indicators to a desired level. Numerous comparisons may be performed by one or more computation units 130.

At operation 604, the processing operation 230 may include determining one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, an individual may change the dosage of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, an individual may change the identity of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, an individual may change the route of administration of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, an individual may change the time of administration of one or more nutraceuticals. Accordingly, in some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more changes in nutraceutical usage and compare the change in nutraceutical usage with one or more changes in one or more parameters related to one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, changes in melatonin usage (e.g., dosage, time of administration) may be compared to sleep acquisition by an individual. In some embodiments, changes in 5-hydroxytryptophan usage may be compared to the mood of an individual. Numerous changes in nutraceutical usage may be determined and compared to one or more parameters related to an individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more changes in nutraceutical usage and compare the change in nutraceutical usage with one or more changes in one or more indicators related to one or more individuals. For example, changes in 5-hydroxytryptophan usage may be compared to serotonin concentrations detected within an individual.

At operation 606, the processing operation 230 may include determining one or more changes in the one or more indicators related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more changes in one or more indicators related to one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare a value associated with an indicator at a first time and a value associated with an indicator at a second time to determine if the value associated with the indicator changed over time. In some embodiments, the activity of one or more indicators may be compared. In some embodiments, the concentration of one or more indicators may be compared. Numerous changes in one or more indicators may be determined by one or more computation units 130.

At operation 608, the processing operation 230 may include comparing one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals to one or more changes in the one or more indicators. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals to one or more changes in one or more indicators. Numerous changes in nutraceutical usage may be compared. Examples of such changes in nutraceutical usage include, but are not limited to, dosage, time of administration, method (e.g., route) of administration, formulation, manufacturer, and the like. Numerous changes in one or more indicators may be compared. Examples of such changes include, but are not limited to, changes in protein production within an individual, changes in gene expression within an individual, changes in enzyme activity, changes in the metabolome of an individual, and the like. In some embodiments, one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by an individual may be compared to changes in one or more nutraceutical related indicators that are related to the individual. In some embodiments, usage of a nutraceutical that is a precursor to a physiologically active compound may be compared to a result produced by the physiologically active compound, the concentration of the physiological compound itself, or substantially any combination thereof. For example, in some embodiments, use of 5-hydroxytryptophan (a precursor to serotonin) may be compared to one or more indicators that have been correlated with low serotonin levels (e.g., depression, obesity, carbohydrate craving, bulimia, insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, migraine headaches, tension headaches, chronic daily headaches, premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia, and the like), serotonin levels, or substantially any combination thereof. In some embodiments, use of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) may be compared to the concentration of testosterone and estrogen within an individual. In some embodiments, one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by an individual may be compared to changes in one or more indicators related to one or more other individuals. For example, in some embodiments, an individual may determine how a change in their personal nutraceutical usage changes one or more indicators when compared to a substantially similar change by one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare the nutraceutical usage by an individual to one or more changes in one or more indicators related to the individual and also to substantially similar changes in one or more other individuals to suggest a course of nutraceutical usage for the individual. For example, in some embodiments, the computation unit 130 may suggest a higher dosage of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to an individual if it is determined that a higher dosage will produce an effect based on changes resulting in one or more other individuals. Numerous comparisons may be made by one or more computation units 130.

FIG. 7 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 7 illustrates example embodiments where the processing operation 230 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 702, and/or an operation 704.

At operation 702, the processing operation 230 may include comparing one or more values related to the one or more indicators that are determined at two or more different times to obtain one or more indicator comparisons;

comparing one or more values related to the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals at two or more different times to obtain one or more nutraceutical comparisons;

comparing the one or more indicator comparisons to the one or more nutraceutical comparisons to obtain one or more indicator-indicator/nutraceutical-nutraceutical comparisons; and

comparing the one or more indicator-indicator/nutraceutical-nutraceutical comparisons to one or more substantially similar results obtained for one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare one or more values related to one or more indicators that are determined at two or more different times to obtain one or more indicator comparisons; compare one or more values related to nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals at two or more different times to obtain one or more nutraceutical comparisons; compare the one or more indicator comparisons to the one or more nutraceutical comparisons to obtain one or more indicator-indicator/nutraceutical-nutraceutical comparisons; and compare the one or more indicator-indicator/nutraceutical-nutraceutical comparisons to one or more substantially similar results obtained for one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, a comparison may be a qualitative comparison. In some embodiments, a comparison may be a quantitative comparison.

At operation 704, the processing operation 230 may include comparing one or more values related to the one or more indicators associated with the one or more individuals that are determined at a first time and one or more values related to the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals at the first time to obtain one or more indicator-nutraceutical comparisons;

comparing one or more values related to the one or more indicators associated with the one or more individuals that are determined at a second time and one or more values related to the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals at the second time to obtain one or more different indicator-nutraceutical comparisons;

comparing the one or more indicator-nutraceutical comparisons to the one or more different indicator-nutraceutical comparisons to obtain one or more indicator-nutraceutical/different indicator-nutraceutical comparisons; and comparing the one or more indicator-nutraceutical/different indicator-nutraceutical comparisons to one or more substantially similar results obtained for one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare one or more values related to one or more indicators associated with one or more individuals that are determined at a first time and one or more values related to nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals at the first time to obtain one or more indicator-nutraceutical comparisons; compare one or more values related to one or more indicators associated with the one or more individuals that are determined at a second time and one or more values related to nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals at the second time to obtain one or more different indicator-nutraceutical comparisons; compare the one or more indicator-nutraceutical comparisons to the one or more different indicator-nutraceutical comparisons to obtain one or more indicator-nutraceutical/different indicator-nutraceutical comparisons; and compare the one or more indicator-nutraceutical/different indicator-nutraceutical comparisons to one or more substantially similar results obtained for one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, a comparison may be a qualitative comparison. In some embodiments, a comparison may be a quantitative comparison.

FIG. 8 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 8 illustrates example embodiments where the displaying operation 240 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 802, an operation 804, an operation 806, and/or an operation 808.

At operation 804, the displaying operation 240 may include displaying the results of the processing on one or more passive displays. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing on one or more passive displays. In some embodiments, one or display units 140 may include one or more liquid crystal displays (LCD). Methods to construct passive displays have been described (e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,807,967; 4,729,636; 4,436,378; 4,257,041; herein incorporated by reference).

At operation 806, the displaying operation 240 may include displaying the results of the processing in numeric format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing in numeric format. For example, in some embodiments, concentrations of one or more indicators may be displayed as mass per unit volume (e.g., milligrams per liter, milligrams per deciliter, nanograms per milliliter, and the like).

At operation 808, the displaying operation 240 may include displaying the results of the processing in graphical format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing in graphical format. Numerous types of graphical formats may be used. Examples of such graphical formats include, but are not limited to, use of shapes, use of colors, use of symbols (e.g., smiley face, frowny face, thumbs up sign, thumbs down sign, histograms, bar graphs, pie charts, and the like).

FIG. 9 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 9 illustrates example embodiments where the displaying operation 240 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 902, an operation 904, an operation 906, and/or an operation 908.

At operation 902, the displaying operation 240 may include displaying the results of the processing in audio format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing in audio format. In some embodiments, the results of processing may be presented in voice format. For example, in some embodiments, a voice may tell an individual to increase, decrease, or maintain one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, a voice may tell an individual to increase, decrease, or maintain their exercise regimen. In some embodiments, sounds may be used to indicate changes in nutraceutical usage, indicators, and/or parameters related to an individual. In some embodiments, applause, cheering, and the like may be used to indicate a positive change. In some embodiments, a voice may offer compliments and/or encouragement for a positive change. For example, a voice may use phrases such as, “Great Job,” “Looking Good,” “You're Doing Great,” and the like, to indicate a positive change. Examples of positive changes include, but are not limited to, weight loss, lowered blood pressure, lowered heart rate, and the like. In some embodiments, booing, hissing, nagging, and the like may be used to indicate a negative change. In some embodiments, a voice may offer criticism and/or complaints to indicate a negative change. For example, a voice may use phrases such as, “Get off the couch and start exercising,” “Put down that cupcake and get back on the treadmill,” “Your friends are exercising but you are not” and the like. Examples of negative changes include, but are not limited to, weight gain, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and the like. In some embodiments, the voice of a spouse and/or companion may be used. In some embodiments, the voice of a former spouse and/or companion may be used. In some embodiments, a pleasant attractive voice may be used. In some embodiments, an unattractive voice may be used.

At operation 904, the displaying operation 240 may include displaying a comparison of the one or more individuals with one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display a comparison of one or more individuals with one or more other individuals. Numerous display formats may be used. In some embodiments, one or more runners may be depicted on a visual display as participating in a race such that an individual will be depicted according to their position in the race. For example, if an individual is leading a group in weight loss, they may be depicted as running in first place in a foot race. However, if the individual is behind a group in weight loss, they may be depicted as running in last place in a foot race. In some embodiments, individuals may be depicted as individual bars in a bar graph. In some embodiments, individuals may be depicted as slices of a pie chart. Accordingly, numerous formats may be used to display a comparison of an individual to one or more other individuals.

At operation 906, the displaying operation 240 may include displaying one or more changes in the one or more indicators associated with the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display one or more changes in one or more indicators related to one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display changes in the concentration of one or more metabolites within an individual. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display changes in the activity of one or more enzymes within an individual. Numerous changes may be displayed.

At operation 908, the displaying operation 240 may include displaying one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals and one or more changes in the one or more indicators associated with the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and one or more changes in one or more indicators related to the one or more individuals. Accordingly, changes in nutraceutical usage may be displayed relative to changes in one or more indicators over time. In some embodiments, such a display may be used to titrate nutraceutical usage to achieve a desired result.

FIG. 10 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 10 illustrates example embodiments where the transmitting operation 250 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 1002, an operation 1004, an operation 1006, and/or an operation 1008.

At operation 1002, the transmitting operation 250 may include transmitting the one or more signals associated with selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with the identity of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals.

At operation 1004, the transmitting operation 250 may include transmitting the one or more signals associated with selection of one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with selection of one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals.

At operation 1006, the transmitting operation 250 may include transmitting the one or more signals associated with selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals and one or more health related recommendations. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals and one or more health related recommendations. Examples of health related recommendations may include, but are not limited to, recommendations associated with diet, sleep habits, substance use, weight, exercise, and the like.

At operation 1008, the transmitting operation 250 may include transmitting the one or more signals associated with comparing the information related to the processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for the one or more indicators and the input associated with nutraceutical intake by the one or more individuals to one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with comparing information related to processing results of assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators and input associated with nutraceutical intake by the one or more individuals to one or more other individuals. Numerous types of information related to the processing results of assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators may be compared with numerous types of information related to nutraceutical intake by an individual. Examples of such assay related information include, but are not limited to, information related to enzyme activity (e.g., relative activity, absolute activity, changes in activity, and the like), indicator concentration, changes in indicator concentration, information related to metabolites (e.g., levels, concentrations, and the like), information related to hormones (e.g., levels, concentrations, and the like), information related to expression of proteins, information related to gene expression, and the like. Examples of nutraceutical related information include, but are not limited to, types of nutraceuticals, dosages of one or more nutraceuticals, methods of administration of one or more nutraceuticals (e.g., route of administration, time of administration, administration with food or beverages), and the like. Accordingly, in some embodiments, an indicator may be compared to the nutraceutical usage by a first individual to obtain a result for the individual. A similar comparison may be obtained for a second person. The comparisons for the first and second persons may then be compared and information related to the comparison may be transmitted. In some embodiments, such information may be used to compare the progress of an individual to other individuals. For example, in some embodiments, weight loss by an individual may be compared to weight loss by other individuals. In some embodiments, cholesterol levels within an individual may be compared to cholesterol levels in other individuals. Accordingly, in some embodiments, such transmitted signals may be used to facilitate determination of whether administration of one or more nutraceuticals produces a result in an individual as compared to other individuals.

FIG. 11 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 11 illustrates example embodiments where the accepting operation 260 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 1102, an operation 1104, an operation 1106, an operation 1108, and/or an operation 1110.

At operation 1102, the accepting operation 260 may include accepting input related to one or more physical parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to one or more physical parameters related to one or more individuals. One or more accepting units 110 may accept numerous physical parameters. Examples of such physical parameters may include, but are not limited to, height, weight, age, health, disease, physical state, injury, dental health, health history, family health history, and the like.

At operation 1104, the accepting operation 260 may include accepting input related to one or more mental parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to one or more mental parameters related to one or more individuals. One or more accepting units 110 may accept numerous mental parameters. Examples of such mental parameters may include, but are not limited to, mood (e.g., happiness, sadness, elation, depression, love, hate, loneliness, hopelessness), mental health (e.g., bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, multiple personality disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, Alzheimer's disease), mental health history, family mental health history, mental function (e.g., alertness, acuity), and the like.

At operation 1106, the accepting operation 260 may include accepting input related to one or more goals of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to one or more goals of one or more individuals. One or more accepting units 110 may accept numerous goal related parameters. Examples of such goal related parameters may include, but are not limited to, athletic performance (e.g., weight gain, weight loss, muscle gain, fat loss, decreased body mass index, endurance, strength), mental performance (e.g., alertness, memory, acuity), and the like.

At operation 1108, the accepting operation 260 may include accepting input related to one or more plans of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to one or more plans of one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the travel plans of one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the work plans of one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the exercise plans of one or more individuals. Accordingly, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input that includes numerous types of information related to the plans of one or more individuals.

At operation 1110, the accepting operation 260 may include accepting input related to one or more metabolic activities related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to one or more metabolic activities related to one or more individuals. One or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to numerous types of metabolic activity. Examples of input related to metabolic activities include, but are not limited to, respiration rate, enzyme activity, oxygen consumption, heart rate, digestion, fatty acid-oxidation, hormone activity, vasodilation, vasoconstriction, pH, carbon dioxide concentration (e.g., blood, expired), oxygen concentrations (e.g., blood, expired), catabolic reactions, anabolic reactions, lipid metabolism, sugar metabolism, and the like.

FIG. 12 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 12 illustrates example embodiments where the accepting operation 260 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 1202, an operation 1204, an operation 1206, an operation 1208, and/or an operation 1210.

At operation 1202, the accepting operation 260 may include accepting input related to sleep characteristics related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to sleep characteristics related to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the number of hours that one or more individuals sleep during a time period. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to times when one or more individuals sleep during a time period. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the sleep schedules of one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the quality of sleep obtained by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to alertness felt by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to sleep characteristics. For example, such input may include information related to positive and/or negative sleep experience, tiredness, restlessness, insomnia, alertness, feelings of tiredness, and the like. Accordingly, one or more accepting units 110 may accept numerous types of input related to the sleep characteristics of one or more individuals.

At operation 1204, the accepting operation 260 may include accepting input related to exercise characteristics related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to exercise characteristics related to one or more individuals. Input related to exercise characteristics may include, but is not limited to, type of exercise, duration of exercise, intensity of exercise, frequency of exercise, physiological parameters (e.g., pulse, blood pressure, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production) occurring during exercise, and the like.

At operation 1206, the accepting operation 260 may include accepting input related to nutritional characteristics related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to nutritional characteristics related to one or more individuals. Input related to nutritional characteristics may include, but is not limited to, types of food consumed (e.g., functional foods), types of beverages consumed, number of calories consumed, composition of consumed items (e.g., fat content, cholesterol content, oil content, caloric content), times of consumption, and the like.

At operation 1208, the accepting operation 260 may include accepting input related to substance use by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to substance use by the one or more individuals. Examples of such input include, but are not limited to, alcohol use, tobacco use, nicotine intake, pharmaceutical use, illicit drug use, food supplement use, nutraceutical use, and the like.

At operation 1210, the accepting operation 260 may include accepting input related to weight of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the weight of one or more individuals. One or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to present weight, past weight, future weight goals, or substantially any combination thereof.

FIG. 13 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 13 illustrates example embodiments where the accepting operation 260 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 1302, an operation 1304, an operation 1306, an operation 1308, and/or an operation 1310.

At operation 1302, the accepting operation 260 may include accepting input related to body composition of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to body composition of one or more individuals. The results from numerous body composition tests may be accepted by one or more accepting units 110. Examples of such tests include, but are not limited to, skinfold measurement, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, hydrostatic weighing, bioelectric impedance, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, near infrared interactance, total body potassium, whole-body air-displacement plethysmography, magnetic resonance imaging, total body electrical conductivity, computed tomography, total body protein, or substantially any combination thereof.

At operation 1304, the accepting operation 260 may include accepting input related to circulatory characteristics of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to circulatory characteristics of one or more individuals. One or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to numerous types of circulatory characteristics. Examples of such circulatory characteristics include, but are not limited to, blood pressure, hypertension, heart rate, vasoelasticity, cholesterol levels, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and the like.

At operation 1306, the accepting operation 260 may include accepting input related to mood of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the mood of one or more individuals. Examples of various moods that may be input include, but are not limited to, happiness, sadness, loneliness, confusion, forgetfulness, joy, glee, euphoria, hopelessness, anger, rage, love, contempt, hate, frustration, and the like.

At operation 1308, the accepting operation 260 may include accepting input related to one or more proteins expressed within the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to one or more proteins expressed within one or more individuals. For example, the enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, required for purine and thymidine syntheses, to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the primary circulatory form of folate necessary for methionine synthesis. A common mutation (677C→T) in 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase reduces enzyme activity, leading to lower levels of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. It has been determined that men having adequate folate levels who are homozygous for the mutation (677T/677T) exhibit a three-fold decrease in risk of colorectal cancer when compared to men having adequate folate levels who are homozygous normal (677C/677C) or heterozygous (677C/677T). However, the protection due to the mutation was absent in men with folate deficiency. In men with the homozygous normal genotype who drink little or no alcohol as reference, men with the homozygous mutation who drink little or no alcohol have an eight-fold decrease in risk and moderate drinkers exhibit a two-fold reduction in risk (Ma et al., Cancer Research, 57:1098-1102 (1997)). Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism have also been linked to maternal risk factors for Down Syndrome, neural tube defects, and oral clefts (Mills et al., Am. J. Med. Genet., 86:71-74 (1999); Wilson et al., Mol. Genet. Metab., 67:317-323 (1999); Hobbs et al., Am. J. Med. Genet., 67:623-630 (2000)). Accordingly, in some embodiments, information related to production of one or more proteins within an individual may be input. Such information may be used during the selection of nutraceuticals for administration to an individual. Such information may also be used to suggest health-related information. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the concentration of one or more proteins expressed within an individual. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the activity of one or more proteins expressed within an individual. Accordingly, one or more accepting units 110 may accept information related to numerous proteins and properties of proteins expressed within an individual.

At operation 1310, the accepting operation 260 may include accepting input related to expression of one or more genes within the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to expression of one or more genes within one or more individuals. In some embodiments, such information may be used during the selection of nutraceuticals for administration to an individual. Such information may also be used to suggest health-related information. For example, folate status and common variations in genes that code for folate dependent enzymes are linked to many types of cancer, vascular disease, birth defects, and complications of pregnancy. This arises because several molecular mechanisms that underpin the genomic machinery are sensitive to B vitamin status and, in particular, are responsive to the interaction between folate nutrition and folate dependent enzyme polymorphisms (Lucock, BMJ, 328:211-214 (2004)). Accordingly, genetic information may be utilized during the selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to an individual. In another example, black tea polyphenols (e.g., a theaflavin-3-monogallate and theaflavin-3′-monogallate mixture) have been shown to suppress cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) gene expression at both the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein level (Lu et al., Cancer Reserch, 60:6465-6471 (2000)). Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Accordingly, in some embodiments, input related to COX gene expression may be accepted by one or more accepting units 110 to follow nutraceutical mediated inhibition of COX expression. Black tea extracts also exhibit chemoprotective activity (Lu et al., Cancer Reserch, 60:6465-6471 (2000)). In another example, a resveratrol analog (3,4,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene) has been shown to differentially induce pro-apoptotic p53/Bax gene expression and inhibit the growth of transformed cells but not their normal counterparts (Lu et al., Carcinogenesis, 22:321-328 (2001)). Accordingly, p53/Bax gene expression may be input to follow resveratrol analog mediated induction of gene expression. Numerous nutraceuticals mediate induction or inhibition of gene expression (e.g., Chen et al., Cancer Letters, 129:173-179 (1998); British J. Cancer, 92:513-521 (2005)). In another example, dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were shown to affect brain gene expression (Kitajka et al., PNAS, 101:10931-10936 (2004)). In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the expression level of one or more genes within an individual. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the activity of one or more gene products expressed within an individual. Accordingly, one or more accepting units 110 may accept information related to numerous genes and the products of gene expression within an individual.

FIG. 14 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 14 illustrates example embodiments where the processing operation 270 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 1402, an operation 1404, an operation 1406, an operation 1408, and/or an operation 1410.

At operation 1402, the processing operation 270 may include comparing the input associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals to the one or more indicators and to the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals to one or more indicators and to one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. One or more computation units 130 may compare numerous types of input associated with nutraceutical usage, indicators, and parameters related to one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) usage may be compared with the amount of sleep obtained by an individual and the concentration of serotonin within the individual. In some embodiments, caffeine usage may be compared with the amount of sleep obtained by an individual. In some embodiments, 5-hydroxytryptophan usage may be compared to the mood of an individual and the concentration of serotonin within the individual. In some embodiments, lithium usage may be compared to suppression of antipsychotic symptoms. In some embodiments, nutraceutical usage, parameters associated with an individual, and indicators related to the individual may be compared to nutraceutical usage, parameters and indicators associated with one or more other individuals.

At operation 1404, the processing operation 270 may include determining one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 120 may determine one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, an individual may change the dosage of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, an individual may change the identity of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, an individual may change the route of administration of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, an individual may change the time of administration of one or more nutraceuticals. Accordingly, in some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more changes in nutraceutical usage and correlate the change in nutraceutical usage with one or more changes in one or more parameters related to one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, changes in serotonin usage (e.g., dosage, time of administration) may be correlated with sleep acquisition by an individual. In some embodiments, changes in 5-hydroxytryptophan usage may be correlated to with the mood of an individual. Numerous changes in nutraceutical usage may be determined and correlated to one or more parameters related to an individual.

At operation 1406, the processing operation 270 may include determining one or more changes in the one or more indicators related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more changes in one or more indicators related to one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare a value associated with an indicator at a first time and a value associated with an indicator at a second time to determine if the value associated with the indicator changed over time. In some embodiments, the activity of one or more indicators may be compared. In some embodiments, the concentration of one or more indicators may be compared. Numerous changes in one or more indicators may be determined by one or more computation units 130.

At operation 1408, the processing operation 270 may include determining one or more changes in the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more changes in one or more parameters related to one or more individuals. Examples of parameters that may change include, but are not limited to, physical parameters, mental parameters, physiological parameters, and the like. In some embodiments, changes in one or more parameters may be correlated to nutraceutical usage by an individual. In some embodiments, changes in one or more parameters may be correlated to changes in nutraceutical usage by an individual.

At operation 1410, the processing operation 270 may include comparing one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals to one or more changes in the one or more indicators and the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals to one or more changes in one or more indicators and one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to determine if one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by an individual produce a change in one or more indicators and/or one or more parameters related to the individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to determine one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals that produce a change in one or more indicators and/or one or more parameters related to an individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to determine one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals that do not produce a change in one or more indicators and/or one or more parameters related to an individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to determine one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals that produce a change in one or more indicators and do not produce a change in one or more parameters related to an individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to determine one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals that do not produce a change in one or more indicators and that produce a change in one or more parameters related to an individual.

FIG. 15 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 15 illustrates example embodiments where the processing operation 270 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 1502, and/or an operation 1504.

At operation 1502, the processing operation 270 may include comparing one or more values related to the one or more indicators that are determined at two or more different times to obtain one or more indicator comparisons;

comparing one or more values related to the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals at two or more different times to obtain one or more nutraceutical comparisons;

comparing one or more values related to the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals at two or more different times to obtain one or more parameter comparisons;

comparing the one or more indicator comparisons to the one or more nutraceutical comparisons and to the one or more parameter comparisons to obtain one or more indicator-indicator/nutraceutical-nutraceutical/parameter-parameter//indicator-indicator/nutraceutical-nutraceutical/parameter-parameter comparisons; and

comparing the one or more indicator-indicator/nutraceutical-nutraceutical/parameter-parameter//indicator-indicator/nutraceutical-nutraceutical/parameter-parameter comparisons to one or more substantially similar results obtained for one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare one or more values related to one or more indicators that are determined at two or more different times to obtain one or more indicator comparisons; compare one or more values related to nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals at two or more different times to obtain one or more nutraceutical comparisons; compare one or more values related to one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals at two or more different times to obtain one or more parameter comparisons; compare the one or more indicator comparisons to the one or more nutraceutical comparisons and to the one or more parameter comparisons to obtain one or more indicator-indicator/nutraceutical-nutraceutical/parameter-parameter//indicator-indicator/nutraceutical-nutraceutical/parameter-parameter comparisons; and compare the one or more indicator-indicator/nutraceutical-nutraceutical/parameter-parameter//indicator-indicator/nutraceutical-nutraceutical/parameter-parameter comparisons to one or more substantially similar results obtained for one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, a comparison may be a qualitative comparison. In some embodiments, a comparison may be a quantitative comparison.

At operation 1504, the processing operation 270 may include comparing one or more values related to the one or more indicators associated with the one or more individuals that are determined at a first time, one or more values related to the nutraceutical usage at the first time, and one or more values related to the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals at the first time to obtain one or more indicator-nutraceutical-parameter comparisons;

comparing one or more values related to the one or more indicators associated with the one or more individuals that are determined at a second time, one or more values related to the nutraceutical usage at the second time, and one or more values related to the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals at the second time to obtain one or more different indicator-nutraceutical-parameter comparisons;

comparing the one or more indicator-nutraceutical-parameter comparisons to the one or more different indicator-nutraceutical-parameter comparisons to obtain one or more indicator-nutraceutical-parameter/different indicator-nutraceutical-parameter comparisons; and

comparing the one or more indicator-nutraceutical-parameter/different indicator-nutraceutical-parameter comparisons to one or more substantially similar results obtained for one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare one or more values related to one or more indicators associated with one or more individuals that are determined at a first time, one or more values related to nutraceutical usage at the first time, and one or more values related to one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals at the first time to obtain one or more indicator-nutraceutical-parameter comparisons; compare one or more values related to one or more indicators associated with the one or more individuals that are determined at a second time, one or more values related to nutraceutical usage at the second time, and one or more values related to one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals at the second time to obtain one or more different indicator-nutraceutical-parameter comparisons; compare the one or more indicator-nutraceutical-parameter comparisons to the one or more different indicator-nutraceutical-parameter comparisons to obtain one or more indicator-nutraceutical-parameter/different indicator-nutraceutical-parameter comparisons; and compare the one or more indicator-nutraceutical-parameter/different indicator-nutraceutical-parameter comparisons to one or more substantially similar results obtained for one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, a comparison may be a qualitative comparison. In some embodiments, a comparison may be a quantitative comparison.

FIG. 16 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 16 illustrates example embodiments where the displaying operation 280 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 1602, an operation 1604, an operation 1606, and/or an operation 1608.

At operation 1604, the displaying operation 280 may include displaying the results of the processing on one or more passive displays. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing on one or more passive displays. In some embodiments, one or display units 140 may include one or more liquid crystal displays (LCD). Methods to construct passive displays have been described (e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,807,967; 4,729,636; 4,436,378; 4,257,041; herein incorporated by reference).

At operation 1606, the displaying operation 280 may include displaying the results of the processing in numeric format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing in numeric format. For example, in some embodiments, concentrations of one or more indicators may be displayed as mass per unit volume (e.g., milligrams per liter, milligrams per deciliter, nanograms per milliliter, and the like).

At operation 1608, the displaying operation 280 may include displaying the results of the processing in graphical format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing in graphical format. Numerous types of graphical formats may be used. Examples of such graphical formats include, but are not limited to, use of shapes, use of colors, use of symbols (e.g., smiley face, frowny face, thumbs up sign, thumbs down sign, histograms, bar graphs, pie charts, and the like).

FIG. 17 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 17 illustrates example embodiments where the displaying operation 280 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 1702, an operation 1704, an operation 1706, and/or an operation 1708.

At operation 1702, the displaying operation 280 may include displaying the results of the processing in audio format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing in audio format. In some embodiments, the results of processing may be presented in voice format. For example, in some embodiments, a voice may tell an individual to increase, decrease, or maintain one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, a voice may tell an individual to increase, decrease, or maintain their exercise regimen. In some embodiments, sounds may be used to indicate changes in nutraceutical usage, indicators, and/or parameters related to an individual. In some embodiments, applause, cheering, and the like may be used to indicate a positive change. In some embodiments, a voice may offer compliments and/or encouragement for a positive change. For example, a voice may use phrases such as, “Great Job,” “Looking Good,” “You're Doing Great,” and the like, to indicate a positive change. Examples of positive changes include, but are not limited to, weight loss, lowered blood pressure, lowered heart rate, and the like. In some embodiments, booing, hissing, nagging, and the like may be used to indicate a negative change. In some embodiments, a voice may offer criticism and/or complaints to indicate a negative change. For example, a voice may use phrases such as, “Get off the couch and start exercising,” “Put down that cupcake and get back on the treadmill,” “Your friends are exercising but you are not” and the like. Examples of negative changes include, but are not limited to, weight gain, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and the like. In some embodiments, the voice of a spouse and/or companion may be used. In some embodiments, the voice of a former spouse and/or companion may be used. In some embodiments, a pleasant attractive voice may be used. In some embodiments, an unattractive voice may be used.

At operation 1704, the displaying operation 280 may include displaying a comparison of the results of the processing related to the one or more individuals with one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display a comparison of results of processing related to one or more individuals with one or more other individuals. Comparisons may be displayed in numerous formats. Examples of such formats include, but are not limited to, graphical formats, pictogram formats, numeric formats, color based formats, and the like. In some embodiments, such comparisons allow an individual to compare themselves with other individuals.

At operation 1706, the displaying operation 280 may include displaying one or more changes in the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display one or more changes in one or more parameters related to one or more individuals. Numerous parameters may be displayed. Examples of such parameters include, but are not limited to, physical parameters, mental parameters, physiological parameters, and the like. For example, in some embodiments, a change in the weight of an individual may be displayed. In some embodiments, a change in the cholesterol level of an individual may be displayed. In some embodiments, a change in the resting heart rate of an individual may be displayed. Accordingly, changes in numerous types of parameters may be displayed.

At operation 1708, the displaying operation 280 may include displaying one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals and one or more changes in the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and one or more changes in one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, a display unit 140 may display an X-Y graph on which nutraceutical usage and one or more values related with one or more parameters are presented. In such embodiments, the affect of altering nutraceutical usage on one or more parameters may be presented graphically. In some embodiments, changes in nutraceutical usage and changes in one or more parameters may be displayed relative to time. Accordingly, an individual may view the display to obtain a representation of changes that occur over time. Numerous formats may be used to display changes in nutraceutical usage and parameters.

FIG. 18 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 18 illustrates example embodiments where the transmitting operation 290 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 1802, an operation 1804, an operation 1806, and/or an operation 1808.

At operation 1802, the transmitting operation 290 may include transmitting the one or more signals associated with selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with the identity of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals.

At operation 1804, the transmitting operation 290 may include transmitting the one or more signals associated with selection of one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with selection of one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals.

At operation 1806, the transmitting operation 290 may include transmitting the one or more signals associated with selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals and one or more health related recommendations. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may one or more signals associated with selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals and one or more health related recommendations. Examples of health related recommendations may include, but are not limited to, recommendations associated with diet, sleep habits, substance use, weight, exercise, and the like.

At operation 1808, the transmitting operation 290 may include transmitting the one or more signals associated with comparing the information related to the processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators, the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, and the input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals to one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with comparing information related to processing results of assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators, input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, and input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals to one or more other individuals. Numerous types of information related to the processing results of assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators may be compared with numerous types of information related to nutraceutical intake by an individual. Examples of such assay related information include, but are not limited to, information related to enzyme activity (e.g., relative activity, absolute activity, changes in activity, and the like), indicator concentration, changes in indicator concentration, information related to metabolites (e.g., levels, concentrations, and the like), information related to hormones (e.g., levels, concentrations, and the like), information related to expression of proteins, information related to gene expression, and the like. Examples of nutraceutical related information include, but are not limited to, types of nutraceuticals, dosages of one or more nutraceuticals, methods of administration of one or more nutraceuticals (e.g., route of administration, time of administration, administration with food or beverages), and the like. Accordingly, in some embodiments, an indicator may be compared to the nutraceutical usage by a first individual to obtain a result for the individual. A similar comparison may be obtained for a second person. The comparisons for the first and second persons may then be compared and information related to the comparison may be transmitted. In some embodiments, such information may be used to compare the progress of an individual to other individuals. For example, in some embodiments, weight loss by an individual may be compared to weight loss by other individuals. In some embodiments, cholesterol levels within an individual may be compared to cholesterol levels in other individuals. Accordingly, in some embodiments, such transmitted signals may be used to facilitate determination of whether administration of one or more nutraceuticals produces a result in an individual as compared to other individuals.

FIG. 19 illustrates an operational flow representing examples of operations that are related to the performance of one or more methods related to one or more nutraceuticals. In FIG. 19 and in following figures that include various examples of operations used during performance of the method, discussion and explanation may be provided with respect to the above-described example of FIG. 1, and/or with respect to other examples and contexts. However, it should be understood that the operations may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or modified versions of FIG. 1. Also, although the various operations are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.

After a start operation, the operational flow 1900 includes an accepting operation 1910 involving accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may be used to accept input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals. Such input may include, but is not limited to, the identity, concentration, formulation, time of administration, and/or method of administration, of one or more nutraceuticals.

The operational flow 1900 includes an assaying operation 1920 involving assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators. In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be used to assay one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators. One or more assay units 120 may be used to assay numerous types of samples. Examples of such samples include, but are not limited to, sweat, tears, urine, breath, skin, hair, saliva, excrement, mucus, blood, and/or substantially any combination thereof. One or more assay units 120 may be used to assay for numerous types of indicators. Examples of such indicators include, but are not limited to, proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, metabolites, salts, sugars, metals, lipids, fatty acids, enzymes, hormones, prohormones, hemoglobin, antioxidants, minerals, vitamins, and/or substantially any combination thereof. One or more assay units 120 may use numerous methods to assay one or more samples. Examples of such methods include, but are not limited to, spectroscopy, electrochemical detection, polynucleotide detection, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, electron transfer, enzyme assay, electrical conductivity, isoelectric focusing, chromatography, immunoprecipitation, immunoseparation, aptamer binding, filtration, electrophoresis, immunoassay, and/or substantially any combination thereof.

The operational flow 1900 includes a transmitting operation 1930 involving transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and the assaying the one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to one or more concentrations of one or more indicators associated with an individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to nutraceutical usage by an individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to the ratio of one or more indicators to nutraceutical usage by an individual. Numerous types of information may be transmitted by one or more transmitting units 150.

FIG. 19A illustrates an operational flow representing examples of operations that are related to the performance of one or more methods related to one or more nutraceuticals. In FIG. 19A and in following figures that include various examples of operations used during performance of the method, discussion and explanation may be provided with respect to the above-described example of FIG. 1, and/or with respect to other examples and contexts. However, it should be understood that the operations may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or modified versions of FIG. 1. Also, although the various operations are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.

The operational flow 1900 may optionally include an accepting operation 1940 involving accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more parameters related to one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to physical parameters. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to mental parameters. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to psychological parameters. Accordingly, one or more accepting units 110 may accept numerous types of input.

The operational flow 1900 may optionally include a transmitting operation 1950 involving transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the accepting input associated with the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to physical parameters. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to mental parameters. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to physiological parameters. Accordingly, one or more accepting units 110 may accept numerous types of input.

FIG. 20 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 1900 of FIG. 19. FIG. 20 illustrates example embodiments where the accepting operation 1910 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 2002, an operation 2004, and/or an operation 2006.

At operation 2002, the accepting operation 1910 may include accepting input associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals at the same time. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals at different times. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals over a series of time points. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more concentrations that are expressed as an administered dosage. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals that are expressed as a systemic concentration of the one or more nutraceuticals within one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals that are excreted by one or more individuals.

At operation 2004, the accepting operation 1910 may include accepting input associated with one or more identities of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more identities of one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more nutraceuticals may be identified by brand name. In some embodiments, one or more nutraceuticals may be identified by chemical name. In some embodiments, one or more nutraceuticals may be identified by popular name.

At operation 2006, the accepting operation 1910 may include accepting input associated with one or more formulations of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated one or more formulations of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. Examples of such formulations include, but are not limited to, formulations that may be administered orally, transdermally, rectally, vaginally, peritoneally, nasally, and the like. In some embodiments, such formulations may include one or more components. For example, in some embodiments, a formulation may include numerous vitamins, minerals, and the like.

FIG. 21 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 1900 of FIG. 19. FIG. 21 illustrates example embodiments where the accepting operation 1910 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 2102, an operation 2104, and/or an operation 2106.

At operation 2102, the accepting operation 1910 may include accepting input associated with one or more times of administration of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more times of administration of one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with multiple administrations of one or more nutraceuticals at multiple times. Accordingly, such input may be used to prepare a presentation showing nutraceutical administration relative to time. In some embodiments, additional information may be combined with times of nutraceutical administration. For example, in some embodiments, time of administration may be combined with the identity of one or more nutraceuticals, the concentration of one or more nutraceuticals, the formulation of one or more nutraceuticals, the route of administration of one or more nutraceuticals, parameters associated with one or more individuals, or substantially any combination thereof.

At operation 2104, the accepting operation 1910 may include accepting input associated with one or more methods of administration of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more methods of administration of one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals. Numerous methods may be used to administer one or more nutraceuticals to one or more individuals. Examples of such methods include, but are not limited to, oral administration, parenteral administration, transdermal administration, nasal administration, sublingual administration, vaginal administration, rectal administration, and the like.

At operation 2106, the accepting operation 1910 may include accepting input associated with one or more pharmaceuticals used in conjunction with one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input associated with one or more pharmaceuticals used in conjunction with one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals. One or more accepting units 110 may accept numerous types of input related to pharmaceuticals. Examples of such input include, but are not limited to, method (e.g., route) of administration, time of administration, identity of one or more pharmaceuticals, concentration of one or more pharmaceuticals, interactions of one or more pharmaceuticals with other pharmaceuticals and/or nutraceuticals, mechanism of action utilized by one or more pharmaceuticals, and the like.

FIG. 22 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 1900 of FIG. 19. FIG. 22 illustrates example embodiments where the assaying operation 1920 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 2202, an operation 2204, an operation 2206, and/or an operation 2208.

At operation 2202, the assaying operation 1920 may include assaying the one or more samples that include at least one of sweat, tears, urine, breath, skin, hair, saliva, excrement, or mucus. In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be configured to assay one or more samples that include at least one of sweat, tears, urine, breath, skin, hair, saliva, excrement, mucus, or substantially any combination thereof. In some embodiments, individuals may collect one or more samples from themselves. Accordingly, in some embodiments, system 100 may be used for point-of-care analysis by an individual. In some embodiments, one or more samples may be analyzed by someone other than the individual from whom the one or more samples were collected. For example, a physician, nurse, coach, nutritionist, personal trainer, or the like may collect one or more samples from an individual and then analyze the one or more samples through use of system 100.

At operation 2204, the assaying operation 1920 may include assaying the one or more samples that include blood. In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be configured to assay one or more blood samples. For example, in some embodiments, an assay unit 120 may include a needle that may be used to penetrate tissue to accept a blood sample. In some embodiments, an assay unit 120 may include a capillary tube that may be used to accept blood for analysis. Such a capillary tube may be used to accept blood for analysis without having to pierce the skin or other tissue of an individual. For example, such a capillary tube may be used to accept a blood sample for analysis by inserting the capillary tube into a blood sample resulting from a finger stick with a lancet.

In some embodiments, individuals may collect one or more blood samples from themselves. Accordingly, in some embodiments, system 100 may be used for point-of-care analysis by an individual. In some embodiments, one or more blood samples may be processed by someone other than the individual from whom the one or more samples were collected. For example, in some embodiments, individuals may collect one or more blood samples from themselves and then send the one or more blood samples for analysis by a person other than the individual from whom the samples were collected. In other embodiments, one or more blood samples may be collected from an individual and analyzed by a person other than the individual. For example, a physician, nurse, coach, nutritionist, personal trainer, or the like may collect one or more blood samples from an individual and then analyze the one or more blood samples through use of system 100.

At operation 2206, the assaying operation 1920 may include detecting the one or more indicators that include one or more nutraceutical associated indicators. In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be configured to detect one or more indicators that include one or more nutraceutical associated indicators. Generally, a nutraceutical associated indicator is a bodily component that is affected by the action, presence, absence, and/or deficiency of a nutraceutical. Examples of such nutraceutical associated indicators include, but are not limited to, enzymes, hormone, prohormone, hemoglobin, polynucleotide, proteins, peptides, antioxidant, minerals, vitamins, and substantially any combination thereof.

At operation 2208, the assaying operation 1920 may include detecting the one or more indicators with at least one technique that includes spectroscopy, electrochemical detection, polynucleotide detection, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, electron transfer, enzyme assay, electrical conductivity, isoelectric focusing, chromatography, immunoprecipitation, immunoseparation, aptamer binding, filtration, electrophoresis, or immunoassay. In some embodiments, one or more assay units 120 may be configured to detect one or more indicators with at least one technique that includes spectroscopy, electrochemical detection, polynucleotide detection, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, electron transfer, enzyme assay, electrical conductivity, isoelectric focusing, chromatography, immunoprecipitation, immunoseparation, aptamer binding, filtration, electrophoresis, immunoassay, or substantially any combination thereof.

FIG. 23 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 1900 of FIG. 19. FIG. 23 illustrates example embodiments where the transmitting operation 1930 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 2302, an operation 2304, an operation 2306, and/or an operation 2308.

At operation 2302, the transmitting operation 1930 may include transmitting the one or more signals associated with selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with the identity of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals.

At operation 2304, the transmitting operation 1930 may include transmitting the one or more signals associated with selection of one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with selection of one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals.

At operation 2306, the transmitting operation 1930 may include transmitting the one or more signals associated with selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals and one or more health related recommendations. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals and one or more health related recommendations. Examples of health related recommendations may include, but are not limited to, recommendations associated with diet, sleep habits, substance use, weight, exercise, and the like.

At operation 2308, the transmitting operation 1930 may include transmitting the one or more signals associated with comparing the information related to the processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for the one or more indicators and the input associated with nutraceutical intake by the one or more individuals to one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with comparing information related to processing results of assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators and the input associated with nutraceutical intake by the one or more individuals to one or more other individuals. Numerous types of information related to the processing results of assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators may be compared with numerous types of information related to nutraceutical intake by an individual. Examples of such assay related information include, but are not limited to, information related to enzyme activity (e.g., relative activity, absolute activity, changes in activity, and the like), indicator concentration, changes in indicator concentration, information related to metabolites (e.g., levels, concentrations, and the like), information related to hormones (e.g., levels, concentrations, and the like), information related to expression of proteins, information related to gene expression, and the like. Examples of nutraceutical related information include, but are not limited to, types of nutraceuticals, dosages of one or more nutraceuticals, methods of administration of one or more nutraceuticals (e.g., route of administration, time of administration, administration with food or beverages), and the like. Accordingly, in some embodiments, an indicator may be compared to the nutraceutical usage by a first individual to obtain a result for the individual. A similar comparison may be obtained for a second person. The comparisons for the first and second persons may then be compared and information related to the comparison may be transmitted. In some embodiments, such information may be used to compare the progress of an individual to other individuals. For example, in some embodiments, weight loss by an individual may be compared to weight loss by other individuals. In some embodiments, cholesterol levels within an individual may be compared to cholesterol levels in other individuals. Accordingly, in some embodiments, such transmitted signals may be used to facilitate determination of whether administration of one or more nutraceuticals produces a result in an individual as compared to other individuals.

FIG. 24 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 1900 of FIG. 19. FIG. 24 illustrates example embodiments where the accepting operation 1940 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 2402, an operation 2404, an operation 2406, an operation 2408, and/or an operation 2410.

At operation 2402, the accepting operation 1940 may include accepting input related to one or more physical parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to one or more physical parameters related to one or more individuals. One or more accepting units 110 may accept numerous physical parameters. Examples of such physical parameters may include, but are not limited to, height, weight, age, health, disease, physical state, injury, dental health, health history, family health history, and the like.

At operation 2404, the accepting operation 1940 may include accepting input related to one or more mental parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to one or more mental parameters related to one or more individuals. One or more accepting units 110 may accept numerous mental parameters. Examples of such mental parameters may include, but are not limited to, mood (e.g., happiness, sadness, elation, depression, love, hate, loneliness, hopelessness), mental health (e.g., bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, multiple personality disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, Alzheimer's disease), mental health history, family mental health history, mental function (e.g., alertness, acuity), and the like.

At operation 2406, the accepting operation 1940 may include accepting input related to one or more goals of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to one or more goals of one or more individuals. One or more accepting units 110 may accept numerous goal related parameters. Examples of such goal related parameters may include, but are not limited to, athletic performance (e.g., weight gain, weight loss, muscle gain, fat loss, decreased body mass index, endurance, strength), mental performance (e.g., alertness, memory, acuity), and the like.

At operation 2408, the accepting operation 1940 may include accepting input related to one or more plans of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to one or more plans of one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the travel plans of one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the work plans of one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the exercise plans of one or more individuals. Accordingly, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input that includes numerous types of information related to the plans of one or more individuals.

At operation 2410, the accepting operation 1940 may include accepting input related to one or more metabolic activities related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to one or more metabolic activities related to one or more individuals. One or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to numerous types of metabolic activity. Examples of input related to metabolic activities include, but are not limited to, respiration rate, enzyme activity, oxygen consumption, heart rate, digestion, fatty acid-oxidation, hormone activity, vasodilation, vasoconstriction, pH, carbon dioxide concentration (e.g., blood, expired), oxygen concentrations (e.g., blood, expired), catabolic reactions, anabolic reactions, lipid metabolism, sugar metabolism, and the like.

FIG. 25 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 1900 of FIG. 19. FIG. 25 illustrates example embodiments where the accepting operation 1940 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 2502, an operation 2504, an operation 2506, an operation 2508, and/or an operation 2510.

At operation 2502, the accepting operation 1940 may include accepting input related to sleep characteristics related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to sleep characteristics related to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the number of hours that one or more individuals sleep during a time period. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to times when one or more individuals sleep during a time period. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the sleep schedules of one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the quality of sleep obtained by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to alertness felt by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to sleep characteristics. For example, such input may include information related to positive and/or negative sleep experience, tiredness, restlessness, insomnia, alertness, feelings of tiredness, and the like. Accordingly, one or more accepting units 110 may accept numerous types of input related to the sleep characteristics of one or more individuals.

At operation 2504, the accepting operation 1940 may include accepting input related to exercise characteristics related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to exercise characteristics related to one or more individuals. Input related to exercise characteristics may include, but is not limited to, type of exercise, duration of exercise, intensity of exercise, frequency of exercise, physiological parameters (e.g., pulse, blood pressure, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production) occurring during exercise, and the like.

At operation 2506, the accepting operation 1940 may include accepting input related to nutritional characteristics related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to nutritional characteristics related to one or more individuals. Input related to nutritional characteristics may include, but is not limited to, types of food consumed (e.g., functional foods), types of beverages consumed, number of calories consumed, composition of consumed items (e.g., fat content, cholesterol content, oil content, caloric content), times of consumption, and the like.

At operation 2508, the accepting operation 1940 may include accepting input related to substance use by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to substance use by the one or more individuals. Examples of such input include, but are not limited to, alcohol use, tobacco use, nicotine intake, pharmaceutical use, illicit drug use, food supplement use, nutraceutical use, and the like.

At operation 2510, the accepting operation 1940 may include accepting input related to weight of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the weight of one or more individuals. One or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to present weight, past weight, future weight goals, or substantially any combination thereof.

FIG. 26 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 1900 of FIG. 19. FIG. 26 illustrates example embodiments where the accepting operation 1940 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 2602, an operation 2604, an operation 2606, an operation 2608, and/or an operation 2610.

At operation 2602, the accepting operation 1940 may include accepting input related to body composition of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to body composition of one or more individuals. The results from numerous body composition tests may be accepted by one or more accepting units 110. Examples of such tests include, but are not limited to, skinfold measurement, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, hydrostatic weighing, bioelectric impedance, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, near infrared interactance, total body potassium, whole-body air-displacement plethysmography, magnetic resonance imaging, total body electrical conductivity, computed tomography, total body protein, or substantially any combination thereof.

At operation 2604, the accepting operation 1940 may include accepting input related to circulatory characteristics of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to circulatory characteristics of one or more individuals. One or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to numerous types of circulatory characteristics. Examples of such circulatory characteristics include, but are not limited to, blood pressure, hypertension, heart rate, vasoelasticity, cholesterol levels, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and the like.

At operation 2606, the accepting operation 1940 may include accepting input related to mood of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the mood of one or more individuals. Examples of various moods that may be input include, but are not limited to, happiness, sadness, loneliness, confusion, forgetfulness, joy, glee, euphoria, hopelessness, anger, rage, love, contempt, hate, frustration, and the like.

At operation 2608, the accepting operation 1940 may include accepting input related to one or more proteins expressed within the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to one or more proteins expressed within one or more individuals. For example, the enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, required for purine and thymidine syntheses, to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the primary circulatory form of folate necessary for methionine synthesis. A common mutation (677C→T) in 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase reduces enzyme activity, leading to lower levels of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. It has been determined that men having adequate folate levels who are homozygous for the mutation (677T/677T) exhibit a three-fold decrease in risk of colorectal cancer when compared to men having adequate folate levels who are homozygous normal (677C/677C) or heterozygous (677C/677T). However, the protection due to the mutation was absent in men with folate deficiency. In men with the homozygous normal genotype who drink little or no alcohol as reference, men with the homozygous mutation who drink little or no alcohol have an eight-fold decrease in risk and moderate drinkers exhibit a two-fold reduction in risk (Ma et al., Cancer Research, 57:1098-1102 (1997)). Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism have also been linked to maternal risk factors for Down Syndrome, neural tube defects, and oral clefts (Mills et al., Am. J. Med. Genet., 86:71-74 (1999); Wilson et al., Mol. Genet. Metab., 67:317-323 (1999); Hobbs et al., Am. J. Med. Genet., 67:623-630 (2000)). Accordingly, in some embodiments, information related to production of one or more proteins within an individual may be input. Such information may be used during the selection of nutraceuticals for administration to an individual. Such information may also be used to suggest health-related information. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the concentration of one or more proteins expressed within an individual. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the activity of one or more proteins expressed within an individual. Accordingly, one or more accepting units 110 may accept information related to numerous proteins and properties of proteins expressed within an individual.

At operation 2610, the accepting operation 1940 may include accepting input related to expression of one or more genes within the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to expression of one or more genes within one or more individuals. In some embodiments, such information may be used during the selection of nutraceuticals for administration to an individual. Such information may also be used to suggest health-related information. For example, folate status and common variations in genes that code for folate dependent enzymes are linked to many types of cancer, vascular disease, birth defects, and complications of pregnancy. This arises because several molecular mechanisms that underpin the genomic machinery are sensitive to B vitamin status and, in particular, are responsive to the interaction between folate nutrition and folate dependent enzyme polymorphisms (Lucock, BMJ, 328:211-214 (2004)). Accordingly, genetic information may be utilized during the selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to an individual. In another example, black tea polyphenols (e.g., a theaflavin-3-monogallate and theaflavin-3′-monogallate mixture) have been shown to suppress cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) gene expression at both the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein level (Lu et al., Cancer Reserch, 60:6465-6471 (2000)). Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Accordingly, in some embodiments, input related to COX gene expression may be accepted by one or more accepting units 110 to follow nutraceutical mediated inhibition of COX expression. Black tea extracts also exhibit chemoprotective activity (Lu et al., Cancer Reserch, 60:6465-6471 (2000)). In another example, a resveratrol analog (3,4,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene) has been shown to differentially induce pro-apoptotic p53/Bax gene expression and inhibit the growth of transformed cells but not their normal counterparts (Lu et al., Carcinogenesis, 22:321-328 (2001)). Accordingly, p53/Bax gene expression may be input to follow resveratrol analog mediated induction of gene expression. Numerous nutraceuticals mediate induction or inhibition of gene expression (e.g., Chen et al., Cancer Letters, 129:173-179 (1998); British J. Cancer, 92:513-521 (2005)). In another example, dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were shown to affect brain gene expression (Kitajka et al., PNAS, 101:10931-10936 (2004)). In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the expression level of one or more genes within an individual. In some embodiments, one or more accepting units 110 may accept input related to the activity of one or more gene products expressed within an individual. Accordingly, one or more accepting units 110 may accept information related to numerous genes and the products of gene expression within an individual.

FIG. 27 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 1900 of FIG. 19. FIG. 27 illustrates example embodiments where the transmitting operation 1950 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 2702, an operation 2704, and/or an operation 2706.

At operation 2702, the transmitting operation 1950 may include transmitting the one or more signals associated with selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with the identity of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals.

At operation 2704, the transmitting operation 1950 may include transmitting the one or more signals associated with selection of one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with selection of one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals.

At operation 2706, the transmitting operation 1950 may include transmitting the one or more signals associated with selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals and one or more health related recommendations. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals associated with selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals and one or more health related recommendations. Examples of health related recommendations may include, but are not limited to, recommendations associated with diet, sleep habits, substance use, weight, exercise, and the like.

FIG. 28 illustrates an operational flow representing examples of operations that are related to the performance of one or more methods related to one or more nutraceuticals. In FIG. 28 and in following figures that include various examples of operations used during performance of the method, discussion and explanation may be provided with respect to the above-described example of FIG. 1, and/or with respect to other examples and contexts. However, it should be understood that the operations may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or modified versions of FIG. 1. Also, although the various operations are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.

After a start operation, the operational flow 2800 includes a receiving operation 2810 involving receiving one or more signals that include information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals. Such signals may include information related to, but not limited to, the identity, concentration, formulation, time of administration, and/or method of administration, of one or more nutraceuticals.

The operational flow 2800 includes a receiving operation 2820 involving receiving one or more signals that include information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators. An example of such information includes, but is not limited to, the concentration of one or more indicators included within the one or more samples. In some embodiments, such information may be related to one or more samples that include sweat, tears, urine, breath, skin, hair, saliva, excrement, mucus, blood, and/or substantially any combination thereof. In some embodiments, such information may be related to, but not limited to, proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, metabolites, salts, sugars, metals, lipids, fatty acids, enzymes, hormones, prohormones, hemoglobin, antioxidants, minerals, vitamins, and/or substantially any combination thereof.

The operational flow 2800 includes a processing operation 2830 involving processing the information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and the information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to process the information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and the information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators. One or more computation units 130 may process results in many ways. For example, in some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare one or more values associated with one or more indicators to the nutraceutical usage by an individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more ratios of one or more values associated with one or more indicators to one or more values associated with the nutraceutical usage by an individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare one or more indicator values associated with an individual to one or more substantially similar values associated with one or more other individuals.

FIG. 28A illustrates an operational flow representing examples of operations that are related to the performance of one or more methods related to one or more nutraceuticals. In FIG. 28A and in following figures that include various examples of operations used during performance of the method, discussion and explanation may be provided with respect to the above-described example of FIG. 1, and/or with respect to other examples and contexts. However, it should be understood that the operations may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or modified versions of FIG. 1. Also, although the various operations are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.

The operational flow 2800 may optionally include a transmitting operation 2840 involving transmitting one or more signals that include information associated with the processing the information related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may be used to transmit one or more signals that include information associated with processing information related to one or more individuals. The one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit signals that include numerous types of information related to the one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to one or more comparisons of nutraceutical usage to one or more results of assays related to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to one or more comparisons of nutraceutical usage to one or more levels of one or more indicators related to one or more individuals. Signals may include numerous types of information.

FIG. 28B illustrates an operational flow representing examples of operations that are related to the performance of one or more methods related to one or more nutraceuticals. In FIG. 28B and in following figures that include various examples of operations used during performance of the method, discussion and explanation may be provided with respect to the above-described example of FIG. 1, and/or with respect to other examples and contexts. However, it should be understood that the operations may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or modified versions of FIG. 1. Also, although the various operations are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.

The operational flow 2800 may optionally include a displaying operation 2850 involving displaying results of the processing. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may be used to display results of processing. For example, in some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display values associated with one or more indicators associated with an individual. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display values associated with nutraceutical usage by an individual. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display values associated with one or more indicators and nutraceutical usage associated with an individual. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display comparisons of one or more indicators and nutraceutical usage by an individual. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display comparisons of one or more values associated with one or more indicators associated with an individual to one or more substantially similar values associated with another individual. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display comparisons of nutraceutical usage by an individual to nutraceutical usage by another individual. Accordingly, one or more display units 140 may display numerous types of information.

FIG. 28C illustrates an operational flow representing examples of operations that are related to the performance of one or more methods related to one or more nutraceuticals. In FIG. 28C and in following figures that include various examples of operations used during performance of the method, discussion and explanation may be provided with respect to the above-described example of FIG. 1, and/or with respect to other examples and contexts. However, it should be understood that the operations may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or modified versions of FIG. 1. Also, although the various operations are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.

The operational flow 2800 may optionally include a receiving operation 2860 involving receiving one or more signals that include information related to accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to physical parameters. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to mental parameters. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to physiological parameters. Accordingly, one or more receiving units 160 may receive signals that include numerous types of information.

The operational flow 2800 may optionally include a processing operation 2870 involving processing the information related to the accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to process information related to accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may process information related to mental parameters. In some embodiments, computation units 130 may process information related to physiological parameters. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare nutraceutical usage by an individual to one or more values associated with one or more parameters and/or one or more indicators associated with the individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more ratios of values related to nutraceutical usage by an individual to one or more values associated with one or more parameters and/or one or more values associated with one or more indicators associated with the individual.

FIG. 28D illustrates an operational flow representing examples of operations that are related to the performance of one or more methods related to one or more nutraceuticals. In FIG. 28D and in following figures that include various examples of operations used during performance of the method, discussion and explanation may be provided with respect to the above-described example of FIG. 1, and/or with respect to other examples and contexts. However, it should be understood that the operations may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or modified versions of FIG. 1. Also, although the various operations are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.

The operational flow 2800 may optionally include a transmitting operation 2880 involving transmitting one or more signals that include information associated with the processing the information related to the accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information associated with processing information related to accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to mental parameters. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to physiological parameters. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to a comparison of nutraceutical usage by an individual to one or more values associated with one or more parameters and/or one or more indicators associated with the individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to a determination of one or more ratios of values related to nutraceutical usage by an individual to one or more values associated with one or more parameters and/or one or more values associated with one or more indicators associated with the individual.

FIG. 28E illustrates an operational flow representing examples of operations that are related to the performance of one or more methods related to one or more nutraceuticals. In FIG. 28E and in following figures that include various examples of operations used during performance of the method, discussion and explanation may be provided with respect to the above-described example of FIG. 1, and/or with respect to other examples and contexts. However, it should be understood that the operations may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or modified versions of FIG. 1. Also, although the various operations are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.

The operational flow 2800 may optionally include a displaying operation 2890 involving displaying results of the processing. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may be used to display results of processing. For example, in some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display the results of assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators, input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, and input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals.

FIG. 29 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 2800 of FIG. 28. FIG. 29 illustrates example embodiments where the receiving operation 2810 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 2902, an operation 2904, and/or an operation 2906.

At operation 2902, the receiving operation 2810 may include receiving the one or more signals associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals that are used by an individual at the same time. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals that are used by an individual at different times. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals that are used over a series of time points. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with one or more concentrations that are expressed as an administered dosage. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals that are expressed as a systemic concentration of the one or more nutraceuticals within one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with one or more concentrations of one or more nutraceuticals that are excreted by one or more individuals.

At operation 2904, the receiving operation 2810 may include receiving the one or more signals associated with one or more identities of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with one or more identities of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more nutraceuticals may be identified by brand name. In some embodiments, one or more nutraceuticals may be identified by chemical name. In some embodiments, one or more nutraceuticals may be identified by popular name.

At operation 2906, the receiving operation 2810 may include receiving the one or more signals associated with one or more formulations of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with one or more formulations of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. Examples of such formulations include, but are not limited to, formulations that may be administered orally, transdermally, rectally, vaginally, peritoneally, nasally, and the like. In some embodiments, such formulations may include one or more components. For example, in some embodiments, a formulation may include numerous vitamins, minerals, and the like.

FIG. 30 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 2800 of FIG. 28. FIG. 30 illustrates example embodiments where the receiving operation 2810 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 3002, an operation 3004, and/or an operation 3006.

At operation 3002, the receiving operation 2810 may include receiving the one or more signals associated with one or more times of administration of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with one or more times of administration of one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with administration of one or more nutraceuticals at multiple times. In some embodiments, additional information may be combined with times of nutraceutical administration. For example, in some embodiments, time of administration may be combined with the identity of one or more nutraceuticals, the concentration of one or more nutraceuticals, the formulation of one or more nutraceuticals, the method of administration of one or more nutraceuticals, parameters associated with one or more individuals, or substantially any combination thereof.

At operation 3004, the receiving operation 2810 may include receiving the one or more signals associated with one or more methods of administration of one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with one or more methods of administration of one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals. Numerous methods may be used to administer one or more nutraceuticals to one or more individuals. Examples of such methods include, but are not limited to, oral administration, parenteral administration, transdermal administration, nasal administration, sublingual administration, vaginal administration, rectal administration, and the like.

At operation 3006, the receiving operation 2810 may include receiving the one or more signals associated with one or more pharmaceuticals used in conjunction with one or more nutraceuticals used by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with one or more pharmaceuticals used in conjunction with one or more nutraceuticals used by one or more individuals. One or more receiving units 160 may receive numerous types of signals associated with pharmaceuticals. Examples of such signals include, but are not limited to, those associated with route of administration, time of administration, identity of one or more pharmaceuticals, concentration of one or more pharmaceuticals, interactions of one or more pharmaceuticals with other pharmaceuticals and/or nutraceuticals, mechanism of action utilized by one or more pharmaceuticals, and the like.

FIG. 31 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 2800 of FIG. 28. FIG. 31 illustrates example embodiments where the receiving operation 2820 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 3102, an operation 3104, an operation 3106, and/or an operation 3108.

At operation 3102, the receiving operation 2820 may include receiving the one or more signals associated with the one or more samples that include at least one of sweat, tears, urine, breath, skin, hair, saliva, excrement, or mucus. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with one or more samples that include at least one of sweat, tears, urine, breath, skin, hair, saliva, excrement, mucus, or substantially any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more signals may include information related to one or more indicators associated with the one or more samples. For example, in some embodiments, one or more signals may include information related to the presence, absence, concentration, identity, and/or activity of one or more indicators. In some embodiments, one or more signals may include information related to changes that occur relative to one or more indicators with time. In some embodiments, the one or more signals may include information related to one or more components of the one or more samples. The one or more signals may include numerous types of information.

At operation 3104, the receiving operation 2820 may include receiving the one or more signals associated with the one or more samples that include blood. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with one or more samples that include blood. In some embodiments, the one or more signals may include information related to one or more indicators associated with the one or more blood samples. For example, in some embodiments, one or more signals may include information related to the presence, absence, concentration, identity, and/or activity of one or more indicators. In some embodiments, one or more signals may include information related to changes that occur relative to one or more indicators with time. In some embodiments, the one or more signals may include information related to one or more components of the one or more blood samples. For example, in some embodiments, the one or more signals may include information related to the concentration of iron in one or more blood samples.

At operation 3106, the receiving operation 2820 may include receiving the one or more signals associated with the one or more indicators that include one or more nutraceutical associated indicators. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with one or more indicators that include one or more nutraceutical associated indicators. Generally, a nutraceutical associated indicator is a bodily component that is affected by the action, presence, absence, and/or deficiency of a nutraceutical. Examples of such nutraceutical associated indicators include, but are not limited to, enzymes, hormone, prohormone, hemoglobin, polynucleotide, proteins, peptides, antioxidant, minerals, vitamins, and substantially any combination thereof.

At operation 3108, the receiving operation 2820 may include receiving the one or more signals associated with detecting the one or more indicators with at least one technique that includes spectroscopy, electrochemical detection, polynucleotide detection, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, electron transfer, enzyme assay, electrical conductivity, isoelectric focusing, chromatography, immunoprecipitation, immunoseparation, aptamer binding, filtration, electrophoresis, or immunoassay. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals associated with detecting one or more indicators with at least one technique that includes spectroscopy, electrochemical detection, polynucleotide detection, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, electron transfer, enzyme assay, electrical conductivity, isoelectric focusing, chromatography, immunoprecipitation, immunoseparation, aptamer binding, filtration, electrophoresis, or immunoassay. In some embodiments, the one or more signals may include information related to the presence, absence, concentration, identity, activity, and the like, of one or more indicators.

FIG. 32 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 2800 of FIG. 28. FIG. 32 illustrates example embodiments where the processing operation 2830 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 3202, an operation 3204, and/or an operation 3206.

At operation 3202, the processing operation 2830 may include comparing the information related to the input associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals to the information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare information related to input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals to information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare information associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals to the level of one or more indicators at one or more times. For example, in some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to determine if an increase or decrease in the dosage of a nutraceutical administered to an individual produces a change in the level and/or activity of one or more indicators associated with the individual over time. Accordingly, in some embodiments, nutraceutical dosage may be titrated to determine a dosage that will cause attainment of a level and/or activity of one or more indicators associated with an individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine a ratio of nutraceutical dose to indicator concentration. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine a ratio of nutraceutical dose to indicator activity. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine a nutraceutical dosage that will increase or decrease the concentration of one or more indicators to a desired level. Numerous comparisons may be performed by one or more computation units 130.

At operation 3204, the processing operation 2830 may include determining one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, an individual may change the dosage of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, an individual may change the identity of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, an individual may change the route of administration of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, an individual may change the time of administration of one or more nutraceuticals. Accordingly, in some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more changes in nutraceutical usage and compare the change in nutraceutical usage with one or more changes in one or more parameters related to one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, changes in melatonin usage (e.g., dosage, time of administration) may be compared to sleep acquisition by an individual. In some embodiments, changes in 5-hydroxytryptophan usage may be compared to the mood of an individual. Numerous changes in nutraceutical usage may be determined and compared to one or more parameters related to an individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more changes in nutraceutical usage and compare the change in nutraceutical usage with one or more changes in one or more indicators related to one or more individuals. For example, changes in 5-hydroxytryptophan usage may be compared to serotonin concentrations detected within an individual.

At operation 3206, the processing operation 2830 may include determining one or more changes in the one or more indicators related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more changes in one or more indicators related to one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare a value associated with an indicator at a first time and a value associated with an indicator at a second time to determine if the value associated with the indicator changed over time. In some embodiments, the activity of one or more indicators may be compared. In some embodiments, the concentration of one or more indicators may be compared. Numerous changes in one or more indicators may be determined by one or more computation units 130.

FIG. 33 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 2800 of FIG. 28. FIG. 33 illustrates example embodiments where the processing operation 2830 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 3302, an operation 3304, and/or an operation 3306.

At operation 3302, the processing operation 2830 may include comparing one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals to one or more changes in the one or more indicators related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals to one or more changes in one or more indicators related to the one or more individuals. Numerous changes in nutraceutical usage may be compared. Examples of such changes in nutraceutical usage include, but are not limited to, dosage, time of administration, method (e.g., route) of administration, formulation, manufacturer, and the like. Numerous changes in one or more indicators may be compared. Examples of such changes include, but are not limited to, changes in protein production within an individual, changes in gene expression within an individual, changes in enzyme activity, changes in the metabolome of an individual, and the like. In some embodiments, one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by an individual may be compared to changes in one or more nutraceutical related indicators that are related to the individual. In some embodiments, usage of a nutraceutical that is a precursor to a physiologically active compound may be compared to a result produced by the physiologically active compound, the concentration of the physiological compound itself, or substantially any combination thereof. For example, in some embodiments, use of 5-hydroxytryptophan (a precursor to serotonin) may be compared to one or more indicators that have been correlated with low serotonin levels (e.g., depression, obesity, carbohydrate craving, bulimia, insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, migraine headaches, tension headaches, chronic daily headaches, premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia, and the like), serotonin levels, or substantially any combination thereof. In some embodiments, use of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) may be compared to the concentration of testosterone and estrogen within an individual. In some embodiments, one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by an individual may be compared to changes in one or more indicators related to one or more other individuals. For example, in some embodiments, an individual may determine how a change in their personal nutraceutical usage changes one or more indicators when compared to a substantially similar change by one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare the nutraceutical usage by an individual to one or more changes in one or more indicators related to the individual and also to substantially similar changes in one or more other individuals to suggest a course of nutraceutical usage for the individual. For example, in some embodiments, the computation unit 130 may suggest a higher dosage of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to an individual if it is determined that a higher dosage will produce an effect based on changes resulting in one or more other individuals. Numerous comparisons may be made by one or more computation units 130.

At operation 3304, the processing operation 2830 may include determining one or more suggestions for one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more suggestions for one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine that the dosage of one or more nutraceuticals being used by an individual is too low and may suggest an increased dosage of the one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine that the dosage of one or more nutraceuticals being used by an individual is too high and may suggest a decreased dosage of the one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine that one or more pharmaceuticals being used by an individual contraindicate one or more nutraceuticals being used by the individual and may therefore suggest nutraceuticals that are not contraindicated. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more deficiencies in one or more indicators associated with an individual and may suggest one or more nutraceuticals to facilitate correction of the one or more deficiencies. Examples of such deficiencies include vitamin deficiencies, mineral deficiencies, metal deficiencies, and the like. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine that the concentration and/or activity of an indicator is too high or too low and may suggest one or more nutraceuticals that will facilitate correction of the indicator concentration and/or activity.

At operation 3306, the processing operation 2830 may include determining one or more health related suggestions for the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more health related suggestions for one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine that an individual has a very high cholesterol level. Accordingly, the one or more computation units 130 may suggest that the individual avoid foods that are high in cholesterol. In addition, in some embodiments, the one or more computation units 130 may suggest one or more cholesterol lowering nutraceuticals for administration to the individual.

FIG. 34 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 2800 of FIG. 28. FIG. 34 illustrates example embodiments where the transmitting operation 2840 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 3402, an operation 3404, and/or an operation 3406.

At operation 3402, the transmitting operation 2840 may include transmitting the one or more signals that include one or more comparisons of the information related to the input associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals to the information related to assaying the one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for the one or more indicators. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include one or more comparisons of information related to input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals to information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators. For example, in some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include a comparison of the dosage of DHEA ingested by an individual to the concentration of testosterone within the individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include a comparison of the dosage of 5-HTP ingested by an individual to the concentration of serotonin within the individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to a ratio of the dosage of a nutraceutical used by an individual to the concentration of one or more indicators associated with the individual. One or more signals may include information related to numerous types of comparisons.

At operation 3404, the transmitting operation 2840 may include transmitting the one or more signals that include one or more determinations of one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include one or more determinations of one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to an increase and/or decrease in the dosage of one or more nutraceuticals used by an individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to changes in one or more formulations of one or more nutraceuticals used by an individual. A transmitting unit 150 may transmit one or more signals that include numerous types of information related to changes in nutraceutical usage by an individual.

At operation 3406, the transmitting operation 2840 may include transmitting the one or more signals that include one or more determinations of one or more changes in the one or more indicators related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include one or more determinations of one or more changes in one or more indicators related to one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information associated with a value of an indicator at a first time and a value associated with an indicator at a second time to determine if the value associated with the indicator changed over time. In some embodiments, one or more signals that include information associated with the activity of one or more indicators may be transmitted. In some embodiments, one or more signals that include information associated with the concentration of one or more indicators may be transmitted. One or more signals that include information associated with numerous changes in one or more indicators may be transmitted by one or more transmitting units 150.

FIG. 35 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 2800 of FIG. 28. FIG. 35 illustrates example embodiments where the transmitting operation 2840 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 3502, an operation 3504, and/or an operation 3506.

At operation 3502, the transmitting operation 2840 may include transmitting the one or more signals that include one or more comparisons of one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals to one or more changes in the one or more indicators related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include one or more comparisons of one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals to one or more changes in one or more indicators related to the one or more individuals. One or more signals may be transmitted that include information associated with one or more comparisons of changes in nutraceutical usage. Examples of such changes in nutraceutical usage include those related to, dosage, time of administration, method (e.g., route) of administration, formulation, manufacturer, and the like. One or more signals may be transmitted that include information associated with one or more comparisons of changes in one or more indicators. Examples of such changes include, but are not limited to, changes in protein production within an individual, changes in gene expression within an individual, changes in enzyme activity, changes in the metabolome of an individual, and the like. In some embodiments, one or more signals may include information related to the comparison of one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by an individual to changes in one or more nutraceutical related indicators that are related to the individual. In some embodiments, one or more signals may include information related to the comparison of the usage of a nutraceutical that is a precursor to a physiologically active compound to a result produced by the physiologically active compound, the concentration of the physiological compound itself, or substantially any combination thereof. For example, in some embodiments, use of 5-hydroxytryptophan (a precursor to serotonin) may be compared to one or more indicators that have been correlated with low serotonin levels (e.g., depression, obesity, carbohydrate craving, bulimia, insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, migraine headaches, tension headaches, chronic daily headaches, premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia, and the like), serotonin levels, or substantially any combination thereof. In some embodiments, use of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) may be compared to the concentration of testosterone and estrogen within an individual. In some embodiments, one or more signals may include information related to the comparison of one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by an individual to changes in one or more indicators related to one or more other individuals. For example, in some embodiments, an individual may determine how a change in their personal nutraceutical usage changes one or more indicators when compared to a substantially similar change by one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to the comparison of nutraceutical usage by an individual to one or more changes in one or more indicators related to the individual and also to substantially similar changes in one or more other individuals.

At operation 3504, the transmitting operation 2840 may include transmitting the one or more signals that include one or more suggestions for one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include one or more suggestions for one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals. Such signals may include numerous types of information. For example, such signals may include information associated with the identity of one or more nutraceuticals, the dosage of one or more nutraceuticals, the method of administration for one or more nutraceuticals, a combination of nutraceuticals for administration to an individual, nutraceuticals that are contraindicated by one or more pharmaceuticals, and the like.

At operation 3506, the transmitting operation 2840 may include transmitting the one or more signals that include one or more health related suggestions for the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include one or more health related suggestions for one or more individuals. Examples of health related suggestions may include, but are not limited to, suggestions associated with diet, sleep habits, substance use, weight, exercise, and the like.

FIG. 36 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 2800 of FIG. 28. FIG. 36 illustrates example embodiments where the displaying operation 2850 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 3602, an operation 3604, an operation 3606, an operation 3608, an operation 3610, and/or an operation 3612.

At operation 3604, the displaying operation 2850 may include displaying the results of the processing on one or more passive displays. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing on one or more passive displays. In some embodiments, one or display units 140 may include one or more liquid crystal displays (LCD). Methods to construct passive displays have been described (e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,807,967; 4,729,636; 4,436,378; 4,257,041; herein incorporated by reference).

At operation 3606, the displaying operation 2850 may include displaying the results of the processing in numeric format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing in numeric format. For example, in some embodiments, concentrations of one or more indicators may be displayed as mass per unit volume (e.g., milligrams per liter, milligrams per deciliter, nanograms per milliliter, and the like).

At operation 3608, the displaying operation 2850 may include displaying the results of the processing in graphical format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing in graphical format. Numerous types of graphical formats may be used. Examples of such graphical formats include, but are not limited to, use of shapes, use of colors, use of symbols (e.g., smiley face, frowny face, thumbs up sign, thumbs down sign, histograms, bar graphs, pie charts, and the like).

At operation 3610, the displaying operation 2850 may include displaying the results of the processing in audio format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing in audio format. In some embodiments, the results of processing may be presented in voice format. For example, in some embodiments, a voice may tell an individual to increase, decrease, or maintain one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, a voice may tell an individual to increase, decrease, or maintain their exercise regimen. In some embodiments, sounds may be used to indicate changes in nutraceutical usage, indicators, and/or parameters related to an individual. In some embodiments, applause, cheering, and the like may be used to indicate a positive change. In some embodiments, a voice may offer compliments and/or encouragement for a positive change. For example, a voice may use phrases such as, “Great Job,” “Looking Good,” “You're Doing Great,” and the like, to indicate a positive change. Examples of positive changes include, but are not limited to, weight loss, lowered blood pressure, lowered heart rate, and the like. In some embodiments, booing, hissing, nagging, and the like may be used to indicate a negative change. In some embodiments, a voice may offer criticism and/or complaints to indicate a negative change. For example, a voice may use phrases such as, “Get off the couch and start exercising,” “Put down that cupcake and get back on the treadmill,” “Your friends are exercising but you are not” and the like. Examples of negative changes include, but are not limited to, weight gain, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and the like. In some embodiments, the voice of a spouse and/or companion may be used. In some embodiments, the voice of a former spouse and/or companion may be used. In some embodiments, a pleasant attractive voice may be used. In some embodiments, an unattractive voice may be used.

At operation 3612, the displaying operation 2850 may include displaying one or more comparisons of the one or more individuals with one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display one or more comparisons of one or more individuals with one or more other individuals. Numerous display formats may be used. In some embodiments, one or more runners may be depicted on a visual display as participating in a race such that an individual will be depicted according to their position in the race. For example, if an individual is leading a group in weight loss, they may be depicted as running in first place in a foot race. However, if the individual is behind a group in weight loss, they may be depicted as running in last place in a foot race. In some embodiments, individuals may be depicted as individual bars in a bar graph. In some embodiments, individuals may be depicted as slices of a pie chart. Accordingly, numerous formats may be used to display a comparison of an individual to one or more other individuals.

FIG. 37 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 2800 of FIG. 28. FIG. 37 illustrates example embodiments where the receiving operation 2860 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 3702, an operation 3704, an operation 3706, an operation 3708, and/or an operation 3710.

At operation 3702, the receiving operation 2860 may include receiving the one or more signals related to one or more physical parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to one or more physical parameters related to one or more individuals. One or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to numerous types of physical parameters. Examples of such physical parameters may include, but are not limited to, height, weight, age, health, disease, physical state, injury, dental health, health history, family health history, and the like.

At operation 3704, the receiving operation 2860 may include receiving the one or more signals related to one or more mental parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to one or more mental parameters related to one or more individuals. One or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to numerous mental parameters. Examples of such mental parameters may include, but are not limited to, mood (e.g., happiness, sadness, elation, depression, love, hate, loneliness, hopelessness), mental health (e.g., bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, multiple personality disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, Alzheimer's disease), mental health history, family mental health history, mental function (e.g., alertness, acuity), and the like.

At operation 3706, the receiving operation 2860 may include receiving the one or more signals related to one or more goals of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to one or more goals of one or more individuals. One or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to numerous goal-related parameters. Examples of such goal-related parameters may include, but are not limited to, athletic performance (e.g., weight gain, weight loss, muscle gain, fat loss, decreased body mass index, endurance, strength), mental performance (e.g., alertness, memory, acuity), and the like.

At operation 3708, the receiving operation 2860 may include receiving the one or more signals related to one or more plans of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to one or more plans of one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to the travel plans of one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to the work plans of one or more individuals. In some embodiments, receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to the exercise plans of one or more individuals. Accordingly, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include numerous types of information that is related to the plans of one or more individuals.

At operation 3710, the receiving operation 2860 may include receiving the one or more signals related to one or more metabolic activities related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to one or more metabolic activities related to one or more individuals. One or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to numerous types of metabolic activity. Examples of information related to metabolic activity includes, but is not limited to, respiration rate, enzyme activity, oxygen consumption, heart rate, digestion, fatty acid-oxidation, hormone activity, vasodilation, vasoconstriction, pH, carbon dioxide concentration (e.g., blood, expired), oxygen concentrations (e.g., blood, expired), catabolic reactions, anabolic reactions, lipid metabolism, sugar metabolism, and the like.

FIG. 38 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 2800 of FIG. 28. FIG. 38 illustrates example embodiments where the receiving operation 2860 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 3802, an operation 3804, an operation 3806, an operation 3808, and/or an operation 3810.

At operation 3802, the receiving operation 2860 may include receiving the one or more signals related to sleep characteristics related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to sleep characteristics related to one or more individuals. One or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to numerous sleep characteristics related to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to the number of hours that one or more individuals sleep during a time period. In some embodiments, receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to times when one or more individuals sleep during a time period. In some embodiments, receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to the sleep schedules of one or more individuals. In some embodiments, receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to the quality of sleep obtained by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to the alertness felt by one or more individuals. In some embodiments, receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to sleep experiences. For example, such signals may include information related to positive and/or negative sleep experience, tiredness, restlessness, insomnia, alertness, feelings of tiredness, and the like. Accordingly, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to numerous types of sleep characteristics of one or more individuals.

At operation 3804, the receiving operation 2860 may include receiving the one or more signals related to exercise characteristics related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to exercise characteristics related to one or more individuals. One or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to numerous exercise characteristics related to one or more individuals. Such exercise characteristics may include, but are not limited to, the type of exercise, duration of exercise, intensity of exercise, frequency of exercise, physiological parameters occurring during exercise (e.g., pulse, blood pressure, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production), and the like.

At operation 3806, the receiving operation 2860 may include receiving the one or more signals related to nutritional characteristics related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to nutritional characteristics related to one or more individuals. One or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to numerous nutritional characteristics that are related to one or more individuals. Such nutritional characteristics may include, but are not limited to, types of food consumed (e.g., functional foods), types of beverages consumed, number of calories consumed, composition of consumed items (e.g., fat content, cholesterol content, oil content, caloric content), times of consumption, and the like.

At operation 3808, the receiving operation 2860 may include receiving the one or more signals related to substance use by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to substance use by one or more individuals. One or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to substance use by one or more individuals. Examples of such substance use includes, but is not limited to, alcohol use, tobacco use, nicotine intake, pharmaceutical use, illicit drug use, food supplement use, nutraceutical use, and the like.

At operation 3810, the receiving operation 2860 may include receiving the one or more signals related to weight of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to the weight of one or more individuals. For example, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to present weight, past weight, future weight goals, or substantially any combination thereof.

FIG. 39 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 2800 of FIG. 28. FIG. 39 illustrates example embodiments where the receiving operation 2860 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 3902, an operation 3904, an operation 3906, an operation 3908, and/or an operation 3910.

At operation 3902, the receiving operation 2860 may include receiving the one or more signals related to body composition of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to body composition of one or more individuals. One or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to the body composition of one or more individuals. The information from numerous body composition tests may be received by one or more receiving units 160. Examples of such tests include, but are not limited to, skinfold measurement, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, hydrostatic weighing, bioelectric impedance, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, near infrared interactance, total body potassium, whole-body air-displacement plethysmography, magnetic resonance imaging, total body electrical conductivity, computed tomography, total body protein, or substantially any combination thereof.

At operation 3904, the receiving operation 2860 may include receiving the one or more signals related to circulatory characteristics of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to circulatory characteristics of the one or more individuals. One or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to numerous circulatory characteristics of one or more individuals. Examples of such circulatory characteristics include, but are not limited to, blood pressure, hypertension, heart rate, vasoelasticity, cholesterol levels, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and the like.

At operation 3906, the receiving operation 2860 may include receiving the one or more signals related to mood of the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to mood of one or more individuals. Examples of various moods that may be input include, but are not limited to, happiness, sadness, loneliness, confusion, forgetfulness, joy, glee, euphoria, hopelessness, anger, rage, love, contempt, hate, frustration, and the like.

At operation 3908, the receiving operation 2860 may include receiving the one or more signals related to one or more proteins expressed within the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to one or more proteins expressed within one or more individuals. For example, the enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, required for purine and thymidine syntheses, to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the primary circulatory form of folate necessary for methionine synthesis. A common mutation (677C→T) in 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase reduces enzyme activity, leading to lower levels of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. It has been determined that men having adequate folate levels who are homozygous for the mutation (677T/677T) exhibit a three-fold decrease in risk of colorectal cancer when compared to men having adequate folate levels who are homozygous normal (677C/677C) or heterozygous (677C/677T). However, the protection due to the mutation was absent in men with folate deficiency. In men with the homozygous normal genotype who drink little or no alcohol as reference, men with the homozygous mutation who drink little or no alcohol have an eight-fold decrease in risk and moderate drinkers exhibit a two-fold reduction in risk (Ma et al., Cancer Research, 57:1098-1102 (1997)). Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism have also been linked to maternal risk factors for Down Syndrome, neural tube defects, and oral clefts (Mills et al., Am. J. Med. Genet., 86:71-74 (1999); Wilson et al., Mol. Genet. Metab., 67:317-323 (1999); Hobbs et al., Am. J. Med. Genet., 67:623-630 (2000)). Accordingly, in some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to the production of one or more proteins within an individual. Such information may be used during the selection of nutraceuticals for administration to an individual. Such information may also be used to suggest health-related information. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to the concentration of one or more proteins expressed within an individual. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to the activity of one or more proteins expressed within an individual. Accordingly, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to numerous proteins and properties of proteins expressed within an individual.

At operation 3910, the receiving operation 2860 may include receiving the one or more signals related to expression of one or more genes within the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals related to expression of one or more genes within one or more individuals. One or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include numerous types of information related to the expression of one or more genes within an individual. In some embodiments, such information may be used during the selection of nutraceuticals for administration to an individual. Such information may also be used to suggest health-related information. For example, folate status and common variations in genes that code for folate dependent enzymes are linked to many types of cancer, vascular disease, birth defects, and complications of pregnancy. This arises because several molecular mechanisms that underpin the genomic machinery are sensitive to B vitamin status and, in particular, are responsive to the interaction between folate nutrition and folate dependent enzyme polymorphisms (Lucock, BMJ, 328:211-214 (2004)). Accordingly, genetic information may be utilized during the selection of one or more nutraceuticals for administration to an individual. In another example, black tea polyphenols (e.g., a theaflavin-3-monogallate and theaflavin-3′-monogallate mixture) have been shown to suppress cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) gene expression at both the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein level (Lu et al., Cancer Reserch, 60:6465-6471 (2000)). Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Accordingly, in some embodiments, one or more signals that include information related to COX gene expression may be received by one or more receiving units 160 to follow nutraceutical mediated inhibition of COX expression. Black tea extracts also exhibit chemoprotective activity (Lu et al., Cancer Reserch, 60:6465-6471 (2000)). In another example, a resveratrol analog (3,4,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene) has been shown to differentially induce pro-apoptotic p53/Bax gene expression and inhibit the growth of transformed cells but not their normal counterparts (Lu et al., Carcinogenesis, 22:321-328 (2001)). Accordingly, p53/Bax gene expression may be received to allow resveratrol analog mediated induction of gene expression to be followed. Numerous nutraceuticals mediate induction or inhibition of gene expression (e.g., Chen et al., Cancer Letters, 129:173-179 (1998); British J. Cancer, 92:513-521 (2005)). In another example, dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were shown to affect brain gene expression (Kitajka et al., PNAS, 101:10931-10936 (2004)). In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to the expression level of one or more genes within an individual. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to the activity of one or more gene products expressed within an individual. Accordingly, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to numerous genes and the products of gene expression within an individual.

FIG. 40 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 2800 of FIG. 28. FIG. 40 illustrates example embodiments where the processing operation 2870 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 4002, an operation 4004, and/or an operation 4006.

At operation 4002, the processing operation 2870 may include determining one or more changes in the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may determine one or more changes in one or more parameters related to one or more individuals. Examples of parameters that may change include, but are not limited to, physical parameters, mental parameters, physiological parameters, and the like. In some embodiments, changes in one or more parameters may be correlated to nutraceutical usage by an individual. In some embodiments, changes in one or more parameters may be correlated to changes in nutraceutical usage by an individual.

At operation 4004, the processing operation 2870 may include comparing the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, the information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and the input associated with the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. One or more computation units 130 may compare numerous types of input associated with nutraceutical usage, indicators, and parameters related to one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) usage may be compared with the amount of sleep obtained by an individual and the concentration of serotonin within the individual. In some embodiments, caffeine usage may be compared with the amount of sleep obtained by an individual. In some embodiments, 5-hydroxytryptophan usage may be compared to the mood of an individual and the concentration of serotonin within the individual. In some embodiments, lithium usage may be compared to suppression of antipsychotic symptoms. In some embodiments, nutraceutical usage, parameters associated with an individual, and indicators related to the individual may be compared to nutraceutical usage, parameters and indicators associated with one or more other individuals.

At operation 4006, the processing operation 2870 may include comparing one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, one or more changes in the one or more indicators associated with the one or more individuals, and one or more changes in the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may compare one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, one or more changes in one or more indicators associated with the one or more individuals, and one or more changes in one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to determine if one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by an individual produce a change in one or more indicators and/or one or more parameters related to the individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to determine one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals that produce a change in one or more indicators and/or one or more parameters related to an individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to determine one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals that do not produce a change in one or more indicators and/or one or more parameters related to an individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to determine one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals that produce a change in one or more indicators and do not produce a change in one or more parameters related to an individual. In some embodiments, one or more computation units 130 may be used to determine one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals that do not produce a change in one or more indicators and that produce a change in one or more parameters related to an individual.

FIG. 41 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 2800 of FIG. 28. FIG. 41 illustrates example embodiments where the transmitting operation 2880 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 4102, an operation 4104, an operation 4106, and/or an operation 4108.

At operation 4102, the transmitting operation 2880 may include transmitting the one or more signals that include one or more comparisons of the input associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, the information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include one or more comparisons of the input associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, the information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. Numerous types of input associated with nutraceutical usage may be compared. Examples of such input include, the dosage of one or more nutraceuticals, the method of administration, the time of administration, a combination of nutraceuticals that are administered, and the like. Numerous types of information related to assaying one or more samples associated with an individual may be compared. Examples of such information include, indicator levels, indicator activity, indicators associated with the metabolome of an individual, gene expression, protein production, and the like. Numerous types of parameters may be compared. Examples of such parameters include, height, weight, body mass index, body fat content, exercise characteristics, dietary characteristics, age, health history, and the like. Accordingly, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit signals that include numerous types of comparisons. For example, in some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include one or more comparisons of chromium usage by an individual to insulin levels, exercise characteristics, and weight gain/loss of the individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include one or more comparisons of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) usage by an individual to serotonin levels associated with the individual, use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors by the individual, mood of the individual, and sleep characteristics of the individual. Accordingly, numerous comparisons may be made.

At operation 4104, the transmitting operation 2880 may include transmitting the one or more signals that include one or more determinations of one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include one or more determinations of one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information indicating that an individual changed the dosage of one or more nutraceuticals being used by the individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information indicating that an individual changed the identity of one or more nutraceuticals being used by the individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information indicating that an individual changed the route of administration of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information indicating that an individual changed the time of administration of one or more nutraceuticals.

At operation 4106, the transmitting operation 2880 may include transmitting the one or more signals that include one or more determinations of one or more changes in the one or more indicators related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to one or more determinations of one or more changes in one or more indicators related to one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to the comparison of two or more values associated with an indicator. For example, in some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to the comparison of two or more values associated with one or more indicators. In some embodiments, such values may be related to the concentration of an indicator. In some embodiments, such values may be related to the activity of an indicator.

At operation 4108, the transmitting operation 2880 may include transmitting the one or more signals that include one or more determinations of one or more changes in the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include one or more determinations of one or more changes in one or more parameters related to one or more individuals. Examples of parameters that may change include, but are not limited to, physical parameters, mental parameters, physiological parameters, and the like. In some embodiments, changes in one or more parameters may be correlated to nutraceutical usage by an individual. In some embodiments, changes in one or more parameters may be correlated to changes in nutraceutical usage by an individual.

FIG. 42 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 2800 of FIG. 28. FIG. 42 illustrates example embodiments where the transmitting operation 2880 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 4202, an operation 4204, and/or an operation 4206.

At operation 4202, the transmitting operation 2880 may include transmitting the one or more signals that include one or more comparisons of one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, one or more changes in the one or more indicators related to the one or more individuals, and one or more changes in the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include one or more comparisons of one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, one or more changes in one or more indicators related to the one or more individuals, and one or more changes in one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include a comparison of a change in the dosage of DHEA ingested by an individual, to a change in the concentration of testosterone within the individual, to a change in the body mass index of the individual. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include a comparison of a change in the dosage of 5-HTP ingested by an individual, to a change in the concentration of serotonin within the individual, to the amount of sleep that the individual obtains. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include information related to ratios of the dosage of a nutraceutical used by an individual, to the concentration of one or more indicators associated with the individual, and/or to one or more values associated with one or more parameters associated with the individual. One or more signals may include information related to numerous types of comparisons.

At operation 4204, the transmitting operation 2880 may include transmitting the one or more signals that include one or more suggestions for one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include one or more suggestions for one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals. Such signals may include numerous types of information. For example, such signals may include information associated with the identity of one or more nutraceuticals, the dosage of one or more nutraceuticals, the method of administration for one or more nutraceuticals, a combination of nutraceuticals for administration to an individual, nutraceuticals that are contraindicated by one or more pharmaceuticals, and the like.

At operation 4206, the transmitting operation 2880 may include transmitting the one or more signals that include one or more health related suggestions for the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more transmitting units 150 may transmit one or more signals that include one or more health related suggestions for one or more individuals. Examples of health related suggestions may include, but are not limited to, suggestions associated with diet, sleep habits, substance use, weight, exercise, and the like.

FIG. 43 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 2800 of FIG. 28. FIG. 43 illustrates example embodiments where the displaying operation 2890 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 4302, an operation 4304, an operation 4306, an operation 4308, an operation 4310, and/or an operation 4312.

At operation 4304, the displaying operation 2890 may include displaying the results of the processing on one or more passive displays. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing on one or more passive displays. In some embodiments, one or display units 140 may include one or more liquid crystal displays (LCD). Methods to construct passive displays have been described (e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,807,967; 4,729,636; 4,436,378; 4,257,041; herein incorporated by reference).

At operation 4306, the displaying operation 2890 may include displaying the results of the processing in numeric format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing in numeric format. For example, in some embodiments, concentrations of one or more indicators may be displayed as mass per unit volume (e.g., milligrams per liter, milligrams per deciliter, nanograms per milliliter, and the like).

At operation 4308, the displaying operation 2890 may include displaying the results of the processing in graphical format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing in graphical format. Numerous types of graphical formats may be used. Examples of such graphical formats include, but are not limited to, use of shapes, use of colors, use of symbols (e.g., smiley face, frowny face, thumbs up sign, thumbs down sign, histograms, bar graphs, pie charts, and the like).

At operation 4310, the displaying operation 2890 may include displaying the results of the processing in audio format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display results of processing in audio format. In some embodiments, the results of processing may be presented in voice format. For example, in some embodiments, a voice may tell an individual to increase, decrease, or maintain one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, a voice may tell an individual to increase, decrease, or maintain their exercise regimen. In some embodiments, sounds may be used to indicate changes in nutraceutical usage, indicators, and/or parameters related to an individual. In some embodiments, applause, cheering, and the like may be used to indicate a positive change. In some embodiments, a voice may offer compliments and/or encouragement for a positive change. For example, a voice may use phrases such as, “Great Job,” “Looking Good,” “You're Doing Great,” and the like, to indicate a positive change. Examples of positive changes include, but are not limited to, weight loss, lowered blood pressure, lowered heart rate, and the like. In some embodiments, booing, hissing, nagging, and the like may be used to indicate a negative change. In some embodiments, a voice may offer criticism and/or complaints to indicate a negative change. For example, a voice may use phrases such as, “Get off the couch and start exercising,” “Put down that cupcake and get back on the treadmill,” “Your friends are exercising but you are not” and the like. Examples of negative changes include, but are not limited to, weight gain, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and the like. In some embodiments, the voice of a spouse and/or companion may be used. In some embodiments, the voice of a former spouse and/or companion may be used. In some embodiments, a pleasant attractive voice may be used. In some embodiments, an unattractive voice may be used.

At operation 4312, the displaying operation 2890 may include displaying one or more comparisons of the one or more individuals with one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display one or more comparisons of one or more individuals with one or more other individuals. Numerous display formats may be used. In some embodiments, one or more runners may be depicted on a visual display as participating in a race such that an individual will be depicted according to their position in the race. For example, if an individual is leading a group in weight loss, they may be depicted as running in first place in a foot race. However, if the individual is behind a group in weight loss, they may be depicted as running in last place in a foot race. In some embodiments, individuals may be depicted as individual bars in a bar graph. In some embodiments, individuals may be depicted as slices of a pie chart. Accordingly, numerous formats may be used to display a comparison of an individual to one or more other individuals.

FIG. 44 illustrates an operational flow representing examples of operations that are related to the performance of one or more methods related to one or more nutraceuticals. In FIG. 44 and in following figures that include various examples of operations used during performance of the method, discussion and explanation may be provided with respect to the above-described example of FIG. 1, and/or with respect to other examples and contexts. However, it should be understood that the operations may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or modified versions of FIG. 1. Also, although the various operations are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.

After a start operation, the operational flow 4400 includes a receiving operation 4410 involving receiving one or more signals that include processed information related to input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, input related to one or more assays of one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include processed information related to input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, input related to one or more assays of one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include processed information related to one or more comparisons of input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, input related to one or more assays of one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include processed information related to comparisons of one or more changes in nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, one or more changes in one or more assays of one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include one or more suggestions for one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include one or more health related suggestions for the one or more individuals.

The operational flow 4400 includes a displaying operation 4420 involving displaying the processed information. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display processed information. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display processed information on one or more active displays. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display processed information on one or more passive displays. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display processed information in numeric format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display processed information in graphical format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display processed information in audio format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display one or more comparisons of processed information related to one individual with one or more other individuals.

FIG. 45 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 4400 of FIG. 44. FIG. 45 illustrates example embodiments where the receiving operation 4410 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 4502, an operation 4504, an operation 4506, and/or an operation 4508.

At operation 4502, the receiving operation 4410 may include receiving the one or more signals that include information related to one or more comparisons of the input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, the input related to one or more assays of one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and the input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to one or more comparisons of input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, input related to one or more assays of one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include one or more comparisons of the input associated with the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, the information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. Numerous types of input associated with nutraceutical usage may be compared. Examples of such input include, the dosage of one or more nutraceuticals, the method of administration, the time of administration, a combination of nutraceuticals that are administered, and the like. Numerous types of information related to assaying one or more samples associated with an individual may be compared. Examples of such information include, indicator levels, indicator activity, indicators associated with the metabolome of an individual, gene expression, protein production, and the like. Numerous types of parameters may be compared. Examples of such parameters include, height, weight, body mass index, body fat content, exercise characteristics, dietary characteristics, age, health history, and the like. Accordingly, one or more receiving units 160 may receive signals that include numerous types of comparisons. For example, in some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include one or more comparisons of chromium usage by an individual to insulin levels, exercise characteristics, and weight gain/loss of the individual. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include one or more comparisons of 5-HTP usage by an individual to serotonin levels associated with the individual, use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors by the individual, mood of the individual, and sleep characteristics of the individual. Accordingly, numerous comparisons may be made.

At operation 4504, the receiving operation 4410 may include receiving the one or more signals that include one or more comparisons of one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, one or more changes in the one or more assays of one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include one or more comparisons of one or more changes in the nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, one or more changes in the one or more assays of one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. For example, in some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include a comparison of a change in the dosage of DHEA ingested by an individual, to a change in the concentration of testosterone within the individual, to a change in the body mass index of the individual. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include a comparison of a change in the dosage of 5-HTP ingested by an individual, to a change in the concentration of serotonin within the individual, to the amount of sleep that the individual obtains. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include information related to ratios of the dosage of a nutraceutical used by an individual, to the concentration of one or more indicators associated with the individual, and/or to one or more values associated with one or more parameters associated with the individual. One or more signals may include information related to numerous types of comparisons.

At operation 4506, the receiving operation 4410 may include receiving the one or more signals that include one or more suggestions for one or more nutraceuticals for administration to the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include one or more suggestions for one or more nutraceuticals for administration to one or more individuals. Such signals may include numerous types of information. For example, such signals may include information associated with the identity of one or more nutraceuticals, the dosage of one or more nutraceuticals, the method of administration for one or more nutraceuticals, a combination of nutraceuticals for administration to an individual, nutraceuticals that are contraindicated by one or more pharmaceuticals, and the like.

At operation 4508, the receiving operation 4410 may include receiving the one or more signals that include one or more health related suggestions for the one or more individuals. In some embodiments, one or more receiving units 160 may receive one or more signals that include one or more health related suggestions for one or more individuals. Examples of health related suggestions may include, but are not limited to, suggestions associated with diet, sleep habits, substance use, weight, exercise, and the like.

FIG. 46 illustrates alternative embodiments of the example operational flow 4400 of FIG. 44. FIG. 46 illustrates example embodiments where the displaying operation 4420 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 4602, an operation 4604, an operation 4606, an operation 4608, an operation 4610, and/or an operation 4612.

At operation 4604, the displaying operation 4420 may include displaying the processed information on one or more passive displays. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display processed information on one or more passive displays. In some embodiments, one or display units 140 may include one or more liquid crystal displays (LCD). Methods to construct passive displays have been described (e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,807,967; 4,729,636; 4,436,378; 4,257,041; herein incorporated by reference).

At operation 4606, the displaying operation 4420 may include displaying the processed information in numeric format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display processed information in numeric format. For example, in some embodiments, concentrations of one or more indicators may be displayed as mass per unit volume (e.g., milligrams per liter, milligrams per deciliter, nanograms per milliliter, and the like).

At operation 4608, the displaying operation 4420 may include displaying the processed information in graphical format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display processed information in graphical format. Numerous types of graphical formats may be used. Examples of such graphical formats include, but are not limited to, use of shapes, use of colors, use of symbols (e.g., smiley face, frowny face, thumbs up sign, thumbs down sign, histograms, bar graphs, pie charts, and the like).

At operation 4610, the displaying operation 4420 may include displaying the processed information in audio format. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display processed information in audio format. In some embodiments, the results of processing may be presented in voice format. For example, in some embodiments, a voice may tell an individual to increase, decrease, or maintain one or more dosages of one or more nutraceuticals. In some embodiments, a voice may tell an individual to increase, decrease, or maintain their exercise regimen. In some embodiments, sounds may be used to indicate changes in nutraceutical usage, indicators, and/or parameters related to an individual. In some embodiments, applause, cheering, and the like may be used to indicate a positive change. In some embodiments, a voice may offer compliments and/or encouragement for a positive change. For example, a voice may use phrases such as, “Great Job,” “Looking Good,” “You're Doing Great,” and the like, to indicate a positive change. Examples of positive changes include, but are not limited to, weight loss, lowered blood pressure, lowered heart rate, and the like. In some embodiments, booing, hissing, nagging, and the like may be used to indicate a negative change. In some embodiments, a voice may offer criticism and/or complaints to indicate a negative change. For example, a voice may use phrases such as, “Get off the couch and start exercising,” “Put down that cupcake and get back on the treadmill,” “Your friends are exercising but you are not” and the like. Examples of negative changes include, but are not limited to, weight gain, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and the like. In some embodiments, the voice of a spouse and/or companion may be used. In some embodiments, the voice of a former spouse and/or companion may be used. In some embodiments, a pleasant attractive voice may be used. In some embodiments, an unattractive voice may be used.

At operation 4612, the displaying operation 4420 may include displaying a comparison of the processed information related to one individual with one or more other individuals. In some embodiments, one or more display units 140 may display a comparison of processed information related to one individual with one or more other individuals. Numerous display formats may be used. In some embodiments, one or more runners may be depicted on a visual display as participating in a race such that an individual will be depicted according to their position in the race. For example, if an individual is leading a group in weight loss, they may be depicted as running in first place in a foot race. However, if the individual is behind a group in weight loss, they may be depicted as running in last place in a foot race. In some embodiments, individuals may be depicted as individual bars in a bar graph. In some embodiments, individuals may be depicted as slices of a pie chart. Accordingly, numerous formats may be used to display a comparison of an individual to one or more other individuals.

FIG. 47 illustrates a partial view of a system 4700 that includes a computer program 4704 for executing a computer process on a computing device. An embodiment of the system 4700 is provided using a signal-bearing medium 4702 bearing one or more instructions for assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; and one or more instructions for processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators and the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals. The one or more instructions may be, for example, computer executable and/or logic-implemented instructions. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a computer-readable medium 4706. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a recordable medium 4708. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a communications medium 4710.

FIG. 47A illustrates a partial view of a system 4700 that includes a computer program 4704 for executing a computer process on a computing device. An embodiment of the system 4700 is provided using a signal-bearing medium 4702 bearing one or more instructions for assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators and the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; and one or more instructions for displaying results of the processing. The one or more instructions may be, for example, computer executable and/or logic-implemented instructions. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a computer-readable medium 4706. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a recordable medium 4708. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a communications medium 4710.

FIG. 47B illustrates a partial view of a system 4700 that includes a computer program 4704 for executing a computer process on a computing device. An embodiment of the system 4700 is provided using a signal-bearing medium 4702 bearing one or more instructions for assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators and the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for displaying results of the processing; and one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators and the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals. The one or more instructions may be, for example, computer executable and/or logic-implemented instructions. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a computer-readable medium 4706. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a recordable medium 4708. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a communications medium 4710.

FIG. 47C illustrates a partial view of a system 4700 that includes a computer program 4704 for executing a computer process on a computing device. An embodiment of the system 4700 is provided using a signal-bearing medium 4702 bearing one or more instructions for assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators and the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for displaying results of the processing; one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators and the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals; and one or more instructions for processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators, the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, and the input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. The one or more instructions may be, for example, computer executable and/or logic-implemented instructions. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a computer-readable medium 4706. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a recordable medium 4708. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a communications medium 4710.

FIG. 47D illustrates a partial view of a system 4700 that includes a computer program 4704 for executing a computer process on a computing device. An embodiment of the system 4700 is provided using a signal-bearing medium 4702 bearing one or more instructions for assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators and the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for displaying results of the processing; one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators and the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators, the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, and the input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals; and one or more instructions for displaying results of the processing. The one or more instructions may be, for example, computer executable and/or logic-implemented instructions. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a computer-readable medium 4706. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a recordable medium 4708. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a communications medium 4710.

FIG. 47E illustrates a partial view of a system 4700 that includes a computer program 4704 for executing a computer process on a computing device. An embodiment of the system 4700 is provided using a signal-bearing medium 4702 bearing one or more instructions for assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators and the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for displaying results of the processing; one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators and the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators, the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, and the input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for displaying results of the processing; and one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the processing results of the assaying one or more samples associated with one or more individuals for one or more indicators, the input associated with nutraceutical usage by the one or more individuals, and the input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. The one or more instructions may be, for example, computer executable and/or logic-implemented instructions. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a computer-readable medium 4706. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a recordable medium 4708. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4702 may include a communications medium 4710.

FIG. 48 illustrates a partial view of a system 4800 that includes a computer program 4804 for executing a computer process on a computing device. An embodiment of the system 4800 is provided using a signal-bearing medium 4802 bearing one or more instructions for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals; one or more instructions for assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; and one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and the assaying the one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators. The one or more instructions may be, for example, computer executable and/or logic-implemented instructions. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4802 may include a computer-readable medium 4806. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4802 may include a recordable medium 4808. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4802 may include a communications medium 4810.

FIG. 48A illustrates a partial view of a system 4800 that includes a computer program 4804 for executing a computer process on a computing device. An embodiment of the system 4800 is provided using a signal-bearing medium 4802 bearing one or more instructions for accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals; one or more instructions for assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and the assaying the one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals; and one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the accepting input associated with the one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. The one or more instructions may be, for example, computer executable and/or logic-implemented instructions. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4802 may include a computer-readable medium 4806. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4802 may include a recordable medium 4808. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4802 may include a communications medium 4810.

FIG. 49 illustrates a partial view of a system 4900 that includes a computer program 4904 for executing a computer process on a computing device. An embodiment of the system 4900 is provided using a signal-bearing medium 4902 bearing one or more instructions for receiving one or more signals that include information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals; one or more instructions for receiving one or more signals that include information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; and one or more instructions for processing the information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and the information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators. The one or more instructions may be, for example, computer executable and/or logic-implemented instructions. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a computer-readable medium 4906. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a recordable medium 4908. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a communications medium 4910.

FIG. 49A illustrates a partial view of a system 4900 that includes a computer program 4904 for executing a computer process on a computing device. An embodiment of the system 4900 is provided using a signal-bearing medium 4902 bearing one or more instructions for receiving one or more signals that include information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals; one or more instructions for receiving one or more signals that include information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for processing the information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and the information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; and one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information associated with the processing the information related to the one or more individuals. The one or more instructions may be, for example, computer executable and/or logic-implemented instructions. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a computer-readable medium 4906. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a recordable medium 4908. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a communications medium 4910.

FIG. 49B illustrates a partial view of a system 4900 that includes a computer program 4904 for executing a computer process on a computing device. An embodiment of the system 4900 is provided using a signal-bearing medium 4902 bearing one or more instructions for receiving one or more signals that include information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals; one or more instructions for receiving one or more signals that include information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for processing the information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and the information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information associated with the processing the information related to the one or more individuals; and one or more instructions for displaying results of the processing. The one or more instructions may be, for example, computer executable and/or logic-implemented instructions. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a computer-readable medium 4906. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a recordable medium 4908. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a communications medium 4910.

FIG. 49C illustrates a partial view of a system 4900 that includes a computer program 4904 for executing a computer process on a computing device. An embodiment of the system 4900 is provided using a signal-bearing medium 4902 bearing one or more instructions for receiving one or more signals that include information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals; one or more instructions for receiving one or more signals that include information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for processing the information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and the information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information associated with the processing the information related to the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for displaying results of the processing; one or more instructions for receiving one or more signals that include information related to accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals; and one or more instructions for processing the information related to the accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. The one or more instructions may be, for example, computer executable and/or logic-implemented instructions. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a computer-readable medium 4906. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a recordable medium 4908. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a communications medium 4910.

FIG. 49D illustrates a partial view of a system 4900 that includes a computer program 4904 for executing a computer process on a computing device. An embodiment of the system 4900 is provided using a signal-bearing medium 4902 bearing one or more instructions for receiving one or more signals that include information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals; one or more instructions for receiving one or more signals that include information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for processing the information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and the information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information associated with the processing the information related to the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for displaying results of the processing; one or more instructions for receiving one or more signals that include information related to accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for processing the information related to the accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals; and one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information associated with the processing the information related to the accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals. The one or more instructions may be, for example, computer executable and/or logic-implemented instructions. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a computer-readable medium 4906. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a recordable medium 4908. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a communications medium 4910.

FIG. 49E illustrates a partial view of a system 4900 that includes a computer program 4904 for executing a computer process on a computing device. An embodiment of the system 4900 is provided using a signal-bearing medium 4902 bearing one or more instructions for receiving one or more signals that include information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals; one or more instructions for receiving one or more signals that include information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for processing the information related to accepting input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals and the information related to assaying one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators; one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information associated with the processing the information related to the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for displaying results of the processing; one or more instructions for receiving one or more signals that include information related to accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for processing the information related to the accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals; one or more instructions for transmitting one or more signals that include information associated with the processing the information related to the accepting input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals; and one or more instructions for displaying results of the processing. The one or more instructions may be, for example, computer executable and/or logic-implemented instructions. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a computer-readable medium 4906. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a recordable medium 4908. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 4902 may include a communications medium 4910.

FIG. 50 illustrates a partial view of a system 5000 that includes a computer program 5004 for executing a computer process on a computing device. An embodiment of the system 5000 is provided using a signal-bearing medium 5002 bearing one or more instructions for receiving one or more signals that include processed information related to input associated with nutraceutical usage by one or more individuals, input related to one or more assays of one or more samples associated with the one or more individuals for one or more indicators, and input associated with one or more parameters related to the one or more individuals; and one or more instructions for displaying the processed information. The one or more instructions may be, for example, computer executable and/or logic-implemented instructions. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 5002 may include a computer-readable medium 5006. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 5002 may include a recordable medium 5008. In some embodiments, the signal-bearing medium 5002 may include a communications medium 5010.

With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations are not expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.

While particular aspects of the present subject matter described herein have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, based upon the teachings herein, changes and modifications may be made without departing from the subject matter described herein and its broader aspects and, therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as are within the true spirit and scope of the subject matter described herein. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the invention is defined by the appended claims. It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”

Those having skill in the art will recognize that the state of the art has progressed to the point where there is little distinction left between hardware and software implementations of aspects of systems; the use of hardware or software is generally (but not always, in that in certain contexts the choice between hardware and software can become significant) a design choice representing cost vs. efficiency tradeoffs. Those having skill in the art will appreciate that there are various vehicles by which processes and/or systems and/or other technologies described herein can be effected (e.g., hardware, software, and/or firmware), and that the preferred vehicle will vary with the context in which the processes and/or systems and/or other technologies are deployed. For example, if an implementer determines that speed and accuracy are paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly hardware and/or firmware vehicle; alternatively, if flexibility is paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly software implementation; or, yet again alternatively, the implementer may opt for some combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Hence, there are several possible vehicles by which the processes and/or devices and/or other technologies described herein may be effected, none of which is inherently superior to the other in that any vehicle to be utilized is a choice dependent upon the context in which the vehicle will be deployed and the specific concerns (e.g., speed, flexibility, or predictability) of the implementer, any of which may vary. Those skilled in the art will recognize that optical aspects of implementations will typically employ optically-oriented hardware, software, and/or firmware.

The foregoing detailed description has set forth various embodiments of the devices and/or processes via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will be understood by those within the art that each function and/or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In one embodiment, several portions of the subject matter described herein may be implemented via Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or other integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be equivalently implemented in integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for the software and or firmware would be well within the skill of one of skill in the art in light of this disclosure. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that an illustrative embodiment of the subject matter described herein applies regardless of the particular type of signal-bearing medium used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of a signal-bearing medium include, but are not limited to, the following: a recordable type medium such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a Compact Disc (CD), a Digital Video Disk (DVD), a digital tape, a computer memory, etc.; and a transmission type medium such as a digital and/or an analog communication medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, a wired communications link, a wireless communication link, etc.).

In a general sense, those skilled in the art will recognize that the various embodiments described herein can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by various types of electromechanical systems having a wide range of electrical components such as hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof; and a wide range of components that may impart mechanical force or motion such as rigid bodies, spring or torsional bodies, hydraulics, and electro-magnetically actuated devices, or virtually any combination thereof. Consequently, as used herein “electro-mechanical system” includes, but is not limited to, electrical circuitry operably coupled with a transducer (e.g., an actuator, a motor, a piezoelectric crystal, etc.), electrical circuitry having at least one discrete electrical circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one integrated circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one application specific integrated circuit, electrical circuitry forming a general purpose computing device configured by a computer program (e.g., a general purpose computer configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein, or a microprocessor configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein), electrical circuitry forming a memory device (e.g., forms of random access memory), electrical circuitry forming a communications device (e.g., a modem, communications switch, or optical-electrical equipment), and any non-electrical analog thereto, such as optical or other analogs. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that examples of electromechanical systems include but are not limited to a variety of consumer electronics systems, as well as other systems such as motorized transport systems, factory automation systems, security systems, and communication/computing systems. Those skilled in the art will recognize that electromechanical as used herein is not necessarily limited to a system that has both electrical and mechanical actuation except as context may dictate otherwise.

In a general sense, those skilled in the art will recognize that the various aspects described herein which can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof can be viewed as being composed of various types of “electrical circuitry.” Consequently, as used herein “electrical circuitry” includes, but is not limited to, electrical circuitry having at least one discrete electrical circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one integrated circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one application specific integrated circuit, electrical circuitry forming a general purpose computing device configured by a computer program (e.g., a general purpose computer configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein, or a microprocessor configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein), electrical circuitry forming a memory device (e.g., forms of random access memory), and/or electrical circuitry forming a communications device (e.g., a modem, communications switch, or optical-electrical equipment). Those having skill in the art will recognize that the subject matter described herein may be implemented in an analog or digital fashion or some combination thereof.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common within the art to implement devices and/or processes and/or systems in the fashion(s) set forth herein, and thereafter use engineering and/or business practices to integrate such implemented devices and/or processes and/or systems into more comprehensive devices and/or processes and/or systems. That is, at least a portion of the devices and/or processes and/or systems described herein can be integrated into other devices and/or processes and/or systems via a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those having skill in the art will recognize that examples of such other devices and/or processes and/or systems might include—as appropriate to context and application—all or part of devices and/or processes and/or systems of (a) an air conveyance (e.g., an airplane, rocket, hovercraft, helicopter, etc.), (b) a ground conveyance (e.g., a car, truck, locomotive, tank, armored personnel carrier, etc.), (c) a building (e.g., a home, warehouse, office, etc.), (d) an appliance (e.g., a refrigerator, a washing machine, a dryer, etc.), (e) a communications system (e.g., a networked system, a telephone system, a voice-over IP system, etc.), (f) a business entity (e.g., an Internet Service Provider (ISP) entity such as Comcast Cable, Quest, Southwestern Bell, etc), or (g) a wired/wireless services entity (e.g., such as Sprint, Cingular, Nextel, etc.), etc.

Although user 180 is shown/described herein as a single illustrated figure, those skilled in the art will appreciate that a user 180 may be representative of a human user 180, a robotic user 180 (e.g., computational entity), and/or substantially any combination thereof (e.g., a user 180 may be assisted by one or more robotic). In addition, a user 180 as set forth herein, although shown as a single entity may in fact be composed of two or more entities. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in general, the same may be said of “sender” and/or other entity-oriented terms as such terms are used herein.

The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely exemplary, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively “associated” such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as “associated with” each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being “operably connected”, or “operably coupled”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being “operably couplable”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and/or physically interacting components and/or wirelessly interactable and/or wirelessly interacting components and/or logically interacting and/or logically interactable components.

All publications, patents and patent applications cited herein are incorporated herein by reference. The foregoing specification has been described in relation to certain embodiments thereof, and many details have been set forth for purposes of illustration, however, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is susceptible to additional embodiments and that certain of the details described herein may be varied considerably without departing from the basic principles of the invention.

Apparatus for calculating nutrient requirement amount, an apparatus for suggesting a nutritional supplement, an apparatus for suggesting a nutritional supplement, a blending apparatus of a nutritional supplement and a blending system of a nutritional supplement

Walji, Rishma; "Acidophilus Effects, Benefits and Other Information"; About: Alternative Medicine; Bearing a date of 2006; p. 1; About, Inc., A part of The New York Times Company; located at: http://altmedicine.about.com/cs/digestiveproblems/a/Acidophilus.htm; printed on Jul. 7, 2006.

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Walji, Rishma; "What are Probiotics?"; About: Alternative Medicine; Bearing a date of 2006; p. 1; About, Inc., A part of The New York Times Company; located at: http://altmedicine.about.com/cs/digestiveproblems/a/Acidophilus—2.htm; printed on Jul. 7, 2006.