A railway system is a complex system. With the assistance of a railway operation control system, railway traffic is managed according to an operation plan. During the operation process, especially in railway networks with complex topology and high traffic flow, disturbances are likely to occur, which may result in severe deviations of train movements from the pre-designed operation plan. Once conflicts have occurred or potential conflicts between trains have been detected, suitable dispatching actions should be executed to minimize the negative impacts of the disturbances. In order to support dispatchers, a dispatching optimization algorithm was developed in this dissertation. In the development of dispatching models, two aspects need be considered: modelling of railway operation and the dispatching optimization algorithm. The former is indispensable to accurately assess the impact of disturbances, and the latter is employed to find solutions with minimal impact. In order to balance accuracy and computation complexity a multi-scale simulation model was developed in this dissertation. Dispatching optimization is a typical combinatorial optimization problem, and exhaustive search becomes impractical when there is a large set of possible dispatching solutions. To speed up the search, a widely used metaheuristic algorithm-tabu search - was adopted as the basis of the dispatching optimization algorithm. This dissertation addressed both multi-scale simulation and dispatching optimization in railway operation. Jiajian Liang wurde 1986 in Baicheng, China, geboren. Von 2009 bis 2011 studierte er Infrastrukturplanung an der Universität Stuttgart mit dem Schwerpunkt Verkehrswissenschaft, Stadt- und Regionalplanung. Von 2014 bis 2017 war er als akademischer Mitarbeiter am Institut für Eisenbahn- und Verkehrswesen der Universität Stuttgart tätig. 2017 wurde er an der Universität Stuttgart zum Dr.-Ingenieur zum Thema Metaheuristic-based Dispatching Optimization Integrated in Multi-scale Simulation Model of Railway Operation promoviert.

The theory, which is developed in this book is based on the remake and expansion of an old idea. It was the idea of a central body, pref-erably in the shape of a ball, formed around or in concentric layers. Democritus was the first who took this idea with his atomic theory and thereby introduced himself to the atoms as fixed and solid build-ing blocks. Is the atom used as a wave model, that allows to interpret concentric layers as an expression of a spatial radial oscillator so you reach the current orbital model of atoms. Now, this book shows that these oscillatory order structures on earth and their layers are (geologically and atmospherically) implemented. In addition the theory can be applied on concentric systems, which are not spherical but flat, like the solar system with its planets, the rings that have some planets and the moons of planets or also the neighbouring galaxies of the milky way. This principle is applicable on fruits and flowers, such as peach, orange, coconut, dahlia or narcis-sus. This allows the conclusion that the theory of a central body as a spa-tial radial oscillator can be applied also to other spherical phenomena such as spherical galactic nebulae, black holes, or even the universe itself. This in turn suggests that the idea of the central body constitutes a general principle of structuring in this universe as a spatial radial os-cillator as well as macroscopic, microscopic and sub microscopic. Klaus Piontzik (*1954) ist Ingenieur der Elektrotechnik, Mathematiker. In den letzten 10 Jahren kam noch die Tätigkeit als Autor und Webautor (www.pimath.eu/de) hinzu. Odysseus 2013 ist nun der erste Versuch auf dem Gebiet der Prosa und Lyrik und ist eher als literarisches Experiment zu sehen.

This quick reference is a condensed reference guide to the essential data structures, algorithms, and functions provided by the C++ Standard Library. More specifically, this is a compact collection of essential classes and functions, used by C++ programmers on a daily basis. The C++ Standard Library Quick Reference features core classes for strings, I/O streams, and various generic containers, as well as a comprehensive set of algorithms to manipulate them. In recent years, the C++11 and C++14 standards have added even more efficient container classes, a new powerful regular expression library, and a portable multithreading library featuring threads, mutexes, condition variables, and atomic variables. Needless to say, it is hard to know and remember all the possibilities, details, and intricacies of this vast and growing library. This handy reference guide is therefore indispensable to any C++ programmer. It offers a condensed, well-structured summary of all essential aspects of the C++ Standard Library, including all aforementioned functionality. No page-long, repetitive examples or obscure, rarely used features. Instead, everything you need to know and watch out for in practice is outlined in a compact, to-the-point style, interspersed with well-chosen, clarifying examples. The book does not explain the C++ language or syntax, but is accessible to anyone with basic C++ knowledge. Even the most experienced C++ programmer though will learn a thing or two from it and find it a useful memory-aid. What You Will Learn • The essentials that the C++ Standard Library has to offer • How to use containers to efficiently store and retrieve your data • How to use algorithms to inspect and manipulate your data • How lambda expressions allow for elegant use of algorithms • What the standard string class provides and how to use it • What functionality the library provides for file and stream-based I/O • What smart pointers are and how to use them to prevent memory leaks • How to write safe and efficient multi-threaded code using the C++11 threading libraries Who This Book Is For Marc Gregoire is a software engineer from Belgium. He graduated from the University of Leuven, Belgium, with a degree in Burgerlijk ingenieur in de computer wetenschappen (equivalent to Master of Science in engineering in computer science). The year after, he received the cum laude degree of master in artificial intelligence at the same university. After his studies, Marc started working for a software consultancy company called Ordina Belgium. As a consultant, he worked for Siemens and Nokia Siemens Networks on critical 2G and 3G software running on Solaris for telecom operators. This required working in international teams stretching from South America and USA to EMEA and Asia. Now, Marc is working for Nikon Metrology on industrial 3D laser scanning software. His main expertise is C/C++, and specifically Microsoft VC++ and the MFC framework. He has experience in developing C++ programs running 24x7 on Windows and Linux platforms; for example, KNX/EIB home automation software. Next to C/C++, Marc also likes C# and uses PHP for creating web pages. Since April 2007, he received the yearly Microsoft MVP (Most Valuable Professional) award for his Visual C++ expertise. Marc is the founder of the Belgian C++ Users Group, author of Professional C++ and a member on the CodeGuru forum (as Marc G). Peter Van Weert is a Belgian software engineer, whose main interests and expertise are programming languages, algorithms, and data structures. He received his master of science in computer science summa cum laude with congratulations of the Board of Examiners from the University of Leuven. In 2010, he completed his PhD thesis on the design and efficient compilation of rule based programming languages at the declarative programming languages and artificial intelligence department of the same university. During his doctoral studies, he was a teaching assistant for object-oriented programming (Java), software analysis and design, and declarative programming. After graduating, Peter joined Nikon Metrology to work on large-scale, industrial application software in the area of 3D laser scanning and point cloud inspection. At Nikon, he has mastered C++, refactoring and debugging of very large code bases, and has gained further proficiency in all aspects of the software development process, including the analysis of functional and technical requirements, and agile and