Nyu research team borrows lessons from nature to build a better organic solar cell yale university expenses

The research team led by andré taylor, working with the active layer of an organic solar cell, achieved remarkable efficiency by introducing a squarine molecule (ASSQ) as a crystallizing agent, which both donates electrons and enhances the light absorption of the active layer of the cell, properly orienting the PBDB-T donor-acceptor polymer that accepts the donor electron with the with the non-fullerene electron-acceptor molecule ITIC. (click to enlarge)

Most organic solar cells use fullerenes, spherical molecules of carbon. The problem, explains taylor, is that fullerenes are expensive and don’t absorb enough light. Over the last 10 years he has made significant progress in improving organic solar cells, and he has recently focused on using non-fullerenes, which until now have been inefficient.Solar cells

however, he says, “the non-fullerenes are improving enough to give fullerenes a run for their money.”

Think of a solar cell as a sandwich, taylor says. The “meat” or active layer — made of electron donors and acceptors — is in the middle, absorbing sunlight and transforming it into electricity (electrons and holes), while the “bread,” or outside layers, consist of electrodes that transport that electricity. His team’s goal was to have the cell absorb light across as large a spectrum as possible using a variety of materials, yet at the same time allow these materials to work together well. “my group works on key parts of the ‘sandwich,’ such as the electron and hole transporting layers of the ‘bread,’ while other groups may work only on the ‘meat’ or interlayer materials.Solar cells the question is: how do you get them to play together? The right blend of these disparate materials is extremely difficult to achieve.”

Using a squaraine molecule in a new way — as a crystallizing agent — did the trick. “we added a small molecule that functions as an electron donor by itself andenhances the absorption of the active layer,” taylor explains. “by adding this small molecule, it facilitates the orientation of the donor-acceptor polymer (called PBDB-T) with the non-fullerene acceptor, ITIC, in a favorable arrangement.”

This solar architecture also uses another design mechanism that the taylor group pioneered known as a FRET-based solar cell. FRET, or förster resonance energy transfer, is an energy transfer mechanism first observed in photosynthesis, by which plants use sunlight.Solar cell using a new polymer and non-fullerene blend with squaraine, the team converted more than 10 percent of solar energy into power. Just a few years ago this was considered too lofty a goal for single-junction polymer solar cells. “there are now newer polymer non-fullerene systems that can perform above 13 percent, so we view our contribution as a viable strategy for improving these systems,” taylor says.

The organic solar cells developed by his team are flexible and could one day be used in applications supporting electric vehicles, wearable electronics, or backpacks to charge cell phones. Eventually, they could contribute significantly to the supply of electric power. “we expect that this crystallizing-agent method will attract attention from chemists and materials scientists affiliated with organic electronics,” says yifan zheng, taylor’s former research student and lead author of the article about the work in the journal materials today.Organic solar

Next for the research team? They are working on a type of solar cell called a perovskite as well as continuing to improve non-fullerene organic solar cells.

In addition to taylor and zheng, co-authors are jiang huang and junsheng yu of the university of electronic science and technology of china; gang wang of northwestern university; jaemin kong, a post-doctoral researcher now at NYU; and di huang, megan mohadjer beromi, and nilay hazari of yale. The national natural science foundation of china, the project of science and technology of sichuan province, the U.S. National science foundation, and the yale institute for nanoscience and quantum engineering supported the research.

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