river in Hebei province, northern China. The Luan rises in northern Hebei and flows northward into the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region through steep gorges; in its headstream it is called the Shandian River. It passes north of the ancient Mongol capital of Shangdu (Kaiping), for which this section of the upper course is named the Shangdu Ri...

peninsula, some 75 miles (120 km) from north to south and 30 miles (48 km) east to west, jutting out southward from the coast of Guangdong province, extreme southern China, and separated from the island province of Hainan by the 10-mile- (16-km-) wide Hainan Strait (Qiongzhou Haixia). The peninsula is curved; together with two large islands ...

A leading figure in Di Yunge was Mani Leib (not known by his surname, which was Brahinsky), who immigrated to the United States in 1905 and became a shoemaker. He was influenced by Russian authors such as Aleksandr Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov; in London en route to America, he met the Hebrew writer Y.H. (Yosef Haim) Brenner. By concentrating on themes of solitude, abandonment, and......

in Sami religion and folklore, forest deity who was considered the guardian of wild animals, especially bears. Hunters made offerings of small bows and arrows to Leib-olmai to ensure success in the chase. Leib also means “blood,” and the red juice from alder bark, symbolic of blood, was splattered over the hunters as they ...

April 25, 1933Baltimore, Md.Aug. 22, 2011Los Angeles, Calif.American songwriter and record producer who wrote the lyrics for many enduring songs of the 1950s and ’60s. He and partner Mike Stoller (who created the tunes) worked primarily for Atlantic Records and were perhaps the most success...

April 25, 1933Baltimore, Md.Aug. 22, 2011Los Angeles, Calif.American songwriter and record producer who wrote the lyrics for many enduring songs of the 1950s and ’60s. He and partner Mike Stoller (who created the tunes) worked primarily for Atlantic Records and were perhaps the most success...

...25–Oct. 20, 1805), major strategic triumph of Napoleon, conducted by his Grand Army of about 210,000 men against an Austrian Army of about 72,000 under the command of Baron Karl Mack von Leiberich....

...who lacked funds were given the necessary encouragement, financial assistance, and introductions to the scientific community to insure a successful start in life. Such men as the German chemist Justus von Liebig and the Swiss-born zoologist Louis Agassiz owed to Humboldt the means to continue their studies and embark on an academic career. The best proof of his wide interests and......

German philosopher, mathematician, and political adviser, important both as a metaphysician and as a logician and distinguished also for his independent invention of the differential and integral calculus....

German philosopher, mathematician, and political adviser, important both as a metaphysician and as a logician and distinguished also for his independent invention of the differential and integral calculus....

German philosopher, mathematician, statesman, and author of treatises in astronomy, physics, botany, and theology. He is best known for his Leibniz-Wolffian philosophy, a term he coined to refer to his own position midway between those of the philosophers Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Christian Wolff....

principle enunciated by G.W. Leibniz that denies the possibility of two objects being numerically distinct while sharing all their properties in common. More formally, the principle states that if x is not identical to y, then there is some property P such that P holds of x and does not hold of y, or that P holds of y and d...

Jewish false messiah who claimed to be the reincarnation of Shabbetai Tzevi (1626–76). The most notorious of the false messiahs, he was the founder of the antirabbinical Frankist, or Zoharist, sect....

The special SS unit that Dietrich founded in 1932 evolved into the Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler (LAH), which served as Hitler’s personal army and later became a division in the Waffen-SS. As a reward for the role played by the LAH in the violent purge of Ernst Röhm and other high-ranking SA officers in June 1934, Dietrich was promoted to SS-Obergruppenführer (general). An able field......

The special SS unit that Dietrich founded in 1932 evolved into the Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler (LAH), which served as Hitler’s personal army and later became a division in the Waffen-SS. As a reward for the role played by the LAH in the violent purge of Ernst Röhm and other high-ranking SA officers in June 1934, Dietrich was promoted to SS-Obergruppenführer (general). An able field......

...longhorn cattle, which were good meat producers but poor suppliers of milk and were later supplanted by the shorthorns bred by his apprentice Charles Colling. Bakewell also developed the Leicester sheep, a barrel-shaped animal that produced long coarse wool and also provided a good yield of high-quality fatty meat, though these sheep eventually lost their popularity because of......

...the laws of currents, which he compared with those pertaining to air. These were also set down in his own collection of data, contained in the so-called Codex Hammer (formerly known as the Leicester Codex, now in the property of software entrepreneur Bill Gates in Seattle, Washington, U.S.)....

...in the hands of Roger, bishop of Salisbury, and his family. One of Roger’s nephews was bishop of Ely, and another was bishop of Lincoln. This was resented by the Beaumont family, headed by the Earl of Leicester, and their allies, who formed a powerful court faction. They planned the downfall of the bishops, and, when a council meeting was held at Oxford in June 1139, they seized on the......

favourite and possible lover of Queen Elizabeth I of England. Handsome and immensely ambitious, he failed to win the Queen’s hand in marriage but remained her close friend to the end of his life. His arrogance, however, undermined his effectiveness as a political and military leader....

earliest organized Elizabethan acting company. Formed in 1559 from members of the Earl of Leicester’s household, the troupe performed at court the following year. A favourite of Queen Elizabeth, the company was granted a license by royal patent. In 1576 James Burbage, a member of the troupe, built The Theatre to stage their productions. From 1570 to 1583 the Earl of Leicester’s ...

administrative, geographic, and historic county in the East Midlands region of England, bordered by Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire, Rutland, Northamptonshire, Warwickshire, Staffordshire, and Derbyshire. The administrative, geographic, and historic ...

Bakewell was one of the first farmers to breed both sheep and cattle for meat instead of primarily for wool or work. He developed the Leicestershire longhorn cattle, which were good meat producers but poor suppliers of milk and were later supplanted by the shorthorns bred by his apprentice Charles Colling. Bakewell also developed the Leicester sheep, a barrel-shaped animal that produced long......

medieval poetic and musical form, cultivated especially among the trouvères, or poet-musicians, of northern France in the 12th and 13th centuries but also among their slightly earlier, Provençal-language counterparts, the troubadours, and, called Leich, by the German minnesingers. The lai was a long poem having nonuniform stanzas of ...

...to measure dew. Among the various instruments are R. Leick’s porous gypsum plates and S. Duvdevani’s dew gauge, consisting of a wooden slab treated with paint. To determine the amount of dew, Leick’s plates are weighed, whereas Duvdevani’s gauge involves the use of an optical dew scale. Other investigators developed recording dew balances whose surface and exposure conform with the......

gemeente (municipality), western Netherlands. It lies at the confluence of the Oude Rijn and Nieuwe Rijn (Old Rhine and New Rhine) rivers, 10 miles (16 km) northeast of The Hague and 5 miles (8 km) inland from the North Sea....

One of the earliest objects inscribed with the fully developed Maya calendar is the Leiden Plate, a jade plaque, now housed in the National Museum of Ethnology, Leiden, Netherlands, depicting a richly arrayed Maya lord trampling a captive underfoot. On its reverse side is a Long Count date corresponding to 320. Although it was found in a very late site on the Caribbean coast, stylistic evidence......

university in Leiden, Neth., founded in 1575 by William of Orange. It was originally modelled on the Academy of Geneva, an important centre of Calvinistic teaching. By the early 17th century Leiden had an international reputation as a centre of theology, science, and medicine. Hermann Boerhaave, who was largely responsible for Leiden’s reputation in the study of medicine, spent ...

Norse explorer widely held to have been the first European to reach the shores of North America. The 13th- and 14th-century Icelandic accounts of his life show that he was a member of an early voyage to North America, although he may not have been the first to sight its coast....

Norse explorer widely held to have been the first European to reach the shores of North America. The 13th- and 14th-century Icelandic accounts of his life show that he was a member of an early voyage to North America, although he may not have been the first to sight its coast....

Norse explorer widely held to have been the first European to reach the shores of North America. The 13th- and 14th-century Icelandic accounts of his life show that he was a member of an early voyage to North America, although he may not have been the first to sight its coast....

Norse explorer widely held to have been the first European to reach the shores of North America. The 13th- and 14th-century Icelandic accounts of his life show that he was a member of an early voyage to North America, although he may not have been the first to sight its coast....

town and coalfield, east-central South Australia, 350 miles (563 km) by rail north of Adelaide. The original town was named for Harry Leigh, an employee at the local sheep station in the 1850s. Lignite coal, discovered there in 1888, was mined underground from 1892 to 1908 and then abandoned until 1941, when wartime shortages forced the government to explore the possibilities of...

Subacute necrotizing encephalopathy, also called Leigh disease, is a lethal disorder of infancy marked by psychomotor delay, myoclonic jerks, paralyses of eye movements, and respiratory disorders. The precise biochemical defect is unknown, but thiamine metabolism dysfunction may be involved. Seizures in early childhood are the main feature of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) dependency, an......

April 23, 1917San Antonio, TexasJuly 7, 2008Falls Church, Va.American fashion model who dominated the 1940s and ’50s fashion scene, with appearances on more than 50 magazine covers (including 7 for Vogue in 1946 alone) and in a 1952 advertising campaign for Revlon cosmetics; she was ...

Feb. 11, 1915London, Eng.June 10, 2011Worcestershire, Eng.British writer who transported readers with vivid descriptions of his travels, most famously in the books A Time of Gifts (1977) and Between the Woods and the Water (1986), which describe his adventures as he walked acr...

...auction (under his own name) early in 1744, selling an estate library of 457 books. Establishing the firm in York Street and handling further libraries over the years, he went into partnership with George Leigh in 1767. Upon Baker’s death, his estate was divided between Leigh and a nephew, John Sotheby (1778–1807), whose successors were to move the business to 13 Wellington Street in 1818......

July 6, 1927Merced, Calif.Oct. 3, 2004Beverly Hills, Calif.American actress who had a half-century-long career that comprised some 60 motion pictures as well as television appearances, but it was for one role in particular that she was most remembered, Marion Crane in Alfred Hitchcock’s ...

Jan. 30, 1928Brooklyn, N.Y.March 16, 2014New York, N.Y.American composer who was a onetime advertising-jingle writer who scored one huge hit and snagged a Tony Award (together with lyricist Joe Darion) for the music for the smash sensation Man of La Mancha, which opened on Broadway i...

April 23, 1917San Antonio, TexasJuly 7, 2008Falls Church, Va.American fashion model who dominated the 1940s and ’50s fashion scene, with appearances on more than 50 magazine covers (including 7 for Vogue in 1946 alone) and in a 1952 advertising campaign for Revlon cosmetics; she was ...

academic painter of immense prestige in his own time. After an education in many European cities, he went to Rome in 1852, where his social talents won him the friendship of (among others) the English novelist William Makepeace Thackeray, the French novelist George Sand, and the English poet Robert Browning....

academic painter of immense prestige in his own time. After an education in many European cities, he went to Rome in 1852, where his social talents won him the friendship of (among others) the English novelist William Makepeace Thackeray, the French novelist George Sand, and the English poet Robert Browning....

Scottish Presbyterian minister and devotional writer who accepted two Anglican bishoprics in Scotland in an attempt to reconcile proponents of the presbyterian form of church government with their episcopal opponents....

...released by the detection equipment itself) and special interference filters for ground-based telescopes, were introduced during the early 1960s. By the end of the decade, Gerry Neugebauer and Robert Leighton of the United States had surveyed the sky at the relatively short infrared wavelength of 2.2 micrometres and identified approximately 20,000 sources in the northern hemispheric sky......

academic painter of immense prestige in his own time. After an education in many European cities, he went to Rome in 1852, where his social talents won him the friendship of (among others) the English novelist William Makepeace Thackeray, the French novelist George Sand, and the English poet Robert Browning....

...what was probably an earlier stove-tile factory, Stockelsdorf began to make faience in 1771, specializing in tea trays and stoves. Between about 1773 and about 1775 Johann Buchwald (as director) and Abraham Leihamer (as painter) worked there. Leihamer painted figurative scenes in the Chinese manner and also pastoral scenes; the colour range included turquoise, yellow, violet, and red. Figures.....

town, seat, and district (established 1973), formerly in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Limavady town is on the River Roe 17 miles (27 km) east of the old city of Londonderry. Its name, meaning “the dog’s leap,” is derived from a gorge south of town over which a dog of ancient times carried a message of impending danger. Limavady dates from the Plantation of Ulster in the...

...in Jerusalem. Journeying to monastic centres in Asia Minor, Egypt, and Rome, he accompanied the Byzantine chronicler John Moschus, who dedicated to him his celebrated tract on the religious life, Leimōn ho Leimōnon (Greek: “The Spiritual Meadow”). On the death of Moschus in Rome (619), Sophronius accompanied the body back to Jerusalem for monastic burial. He......

...the Kreuzkirche (Church of the Cross; 1333). The ruined Sankt Giles’s (or Aegidienkirche) Church (1347) remains as a memorial to war victims. New government offices have been built around the old Leine Palace (1636–40, rebuilt 1817–42), the former residence of the Hanoverian court, which was restored and is now the home of the Diet (Legislature) of Lower Saxony. Rebuilt museums......

American world lightweight (135-lb [61.2-kg]) boxing champion from May 28, 1917, when he knocked out Freddy Welsh in nine rounds in New York City, until Jan. 15, 1925, when he retired. He is regarded as one of the cleverest defensive boxers in the history of professional boxing....

...Molesworths, followed his example and began building houses and entire streets. In 1745–48 the earl of Kildare erected a palace at the end of Molesworth Street; Kildare House, renamed Leinster House when the earl became the duke of Leinster, is thought to have been the model for the White House in Washington, D.C. It is now the seat of the republic’s parliament (Oireachtas). Twin......

...tuatha, known as the Five Fifths (Cuíg Cuígí), occurred about the beginning of the Christian era. These were Ulster (Ulaidh), Meath (Midhe), Leinster (Laighin), Munster (Mumhain), and Connaught (Connacht)....

The Blackstairs Mountains—which have two main peaks, Blackstairs Mountain (2,402 feet [732 metres]) and Mount Leinster (2,602 feet [793 metres])—form a striking range rising from lowlands on all sides. Between the two main summits is the deep Scullogue Gap. Most of the county consists of a lowland between the mountains and the sea, with a maximum width of about 20 miles (30 km) and......

compilation of Irish verse and prose from older manuscripts and oral tradition and from 12th- and 13th-century religious and secular sources. It was tentatively identified in 1907 and finally in 1954 as the Lebar na Núachongbála (“The Book of Noughval”), which was thought lost; thus it is not the book formerly known as The Book of Leinster or The Book of Glendalough and by var...

...Smith, Hinchman and Grylls; one of his projects was a modern addition for the Neoclassic-style Federal Reserve Bank building there. He resigned in 1949 to become a partner with George Hellmuth and Joseph Leinweber. Yamasaki designed the Lambert–St. Louis Municipal Airport terminal in Missouri, which was notable for its impressive use of concrete vaults and which strongly influenced......

...(minute moss beetles)Small, 1.2–2.5 mm; found in brackish or intertidal pools and along streams.Family Leiodidae (mammal-nest beetles, round fungus beetles, small carrion beetles)Small, shiny. wingless; feed on eggs and young of small ar...

any of certain fishes (order Perciformes) that are characterized by slimy bodies with small scales and greatly protrusible mouths. The presence of luminescent bacteria cultured within an organ surrounding the esophagus causes the bodies of slipmouths to glow. They derive their name from the small but extendable mouth that slips out during feeding. The 3 genera and about 30 species are restricted t...

Slipmouth are small, deep-bodied, compressed fishes that usually attain lengths of less than 15 cm (6 inches). Leiognathus equula, the largest species, reaches 30 cm (12 inches). Slipmouth are abundant in shallow coastal waters and are widely used for food. One species, L. klunzingeri, is one of only two dozen Red Sea fishes known to have traversed the Suez Canal and successfully......

...less than 15 cm (6 inches). Leiognathus equula, the largest species, reaches 30 cm (12 inches). Slipmouth are abundant in shallow coastal waters and are widely used for food. One species, L. klunzingeri, is one of only two dozen Red Sea fishes known to have traversed the Suez Canal and successfully established populations in the Mediterranean Sea....

abnormal tissue growth located in or originating from muscle tissue. Tumours may either arise in muscle tissue or spread to it. Three major types of muscle tumours are leiomyomas, rhabdomyomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas....

...in moss, or in a bromeliad). The parents depart, leaving the eggs to develop and subsequently hatch. In some Eleutherodactylus species and in the New Zealand leiopelmatid Leiopelma hochstetteri, the hatching froglet still has a tail. In Leiopelma, at least, vigorous thrusts of the tail are used to rupture the egg membranes. Soon after hatching, th...

genus of birds of the babbler family Timaliidae (order Passeriformes), with two species: the silver-eared mesia, or silver-ear (L. argentauris), and the red-billed leiothrix (L. lutea), which is known to cage-bird fanciers as the Pekin, or Chinese, robin (or nightingale). Both range from the Himalayas to Indochina; L. lutea has been introduced into Hawaii, ...

(species Leiothrix argentauris), songbird of the babbler family Timaliidae (order Passeriformes). It is found from Pakistan through the Indochinese peninsula in scrub and secondary jungle. This 15-centimetre- (6-inch-) long bird is olive above and yellow below, with a black crown, silver ear patches, and some crimson on the tail. In groups of 6 to 30 it travels about the forest bushes and ...

genus of birds of the babbler family Timaliidae (order Passeriformes), with two species: the silver-eared mesia, or silver-ear (L. argentauris), and the red-billed leiothrix (L. lutea), which is known to cage-bird fanciers as the Pekin, or Chinese, robin (or nightingale). Both range from the Himalayas to Indochina; L. lutea has been introduced into Hawaii, where it is......

Megapodes are of three kinds: scrub fowl; brush turkeys (not true turkeys); and mallee fowl, or lowan (Leipoa ocellata), which frequent the mallee, or scrub, vegetation of southern interior Australia. The mallee fowl, the best known of the group, is 65 cm (25.5 inches) long and has white-spotted, light brown plumage. The male builds a mound of decaying vegetation, which may require 11......

city, western Saxony Land (state), east-central Germany. It lies just above the junction of the Pleisse, Parthe, and Weisse Elster rivers, about 115 miles (185 km) southwest of Berlin. Leipzig is situated in the fertile, low-lying Leipzig Basin, which has extensive deposits of lignite (brown coal). Alth...

Oct. 25, 1918Brooklyn, N.Y.Dec. 5, 2014Sea Cliff, Long Island, N.Y.American photojournalist who documented the gritty streets of New York City in images that were acclaimed for their sensitivity and expressiveness. His iconic photographs included children playing street games (King of th...

(Oct. 16–19, 1813), decisive defeat for Napoleon, resulting in the destruction of what was left of French power in Germany and Poland. The battle was fought at Leipzig, in Saxony, between approximately 185,000 French and other troops under Napoleon, and approximately 320,000 allied troops, including Austrian, Prussian, Russian, and Swedish forces, commanded respectively by Princ...

Eck was friendly with Martin Luther until the appearance in 1517 of the latter’s Ninety-five Theses, which Eck assailed as heretical in a tract published in 1518. In the celebrated Leipzig disputation of 1519, Eck debated with Luther and his disciple, Andreas Karlstadt, on such topics as papal primacy and the infallibility of church councils. In 1520 Eck visited Rome, where he helped compose......

...Protestant electors objected to the Catholic emphasis of the Augsburg Interim and refused to abide by it. Charles attempted to force its acceptance, an action that led the Protestants to adopt the Leipzig Interim, which upheld Protestant doctrines, at the Diet of Leipzig in December 1548. Neither interim was fully accepted, and a German religious settlement was not brought about until the......

Oct. 25, 1918Brooklyn, N.Y.Dec. 5, 2014Sea Cliff, Long Island, N.Y.American photojournalist who documented the gritty streets of New York City in images that were acclaimed for their sensitivity and expressiveness. His iconic photographs included children playing street games (King of th...

...Neuenkirche. Telemann reorganized the collegium musicum, the student musical society, into an efficient amateur orchestra that gave public concerts (then a novelty) and became director of the Leipzig Opera, for which he also composed. Telemann’s next positions were at two princely courts: first as kapellmeister (conductor of the court orchestra) in Sorau (now Żary, Poland;......