A: Screening should begin at age 50 for most people. Exceptions include those with a close relative with colon cancer, in which case they should be checked 10 years before the age at which the relative was diagnosed.

Q:What tests are available for colon cancer screening?

A: There are several methods to screen for colon cancer, all of which have proven effective in reducing death from colon cancer. These tests include colonoscopy, fecal occult blood test, sigmoidoscopy, barium enema and virtual CT scan colonoscopy. The most important thing is to get tested.

Q:What factors determine which test is used?

A: Patient preference and local resources are factors. The stool test is the simplest, lowest cost and least invasive but also the least accurate. Most insurers, including Medicare, do not cover virtual CT scan colonoscopy as a screening exam. Most patients schedule a colonoscopy.

Q:How often should a test be performed?

A: A screening exam should be done every 10 years for average risk individuals with no family or personal history of colon cancer or colon polyps.

Q:Please explain a little bit about a colonoscopy. It seems like many patients dread the preparation more than the test. What do you tell patients to calm their fears?

A: Colon cancer is the second-most common cause of cancer death in the U.S. It’s second only to lung cancer. Colon cancer is, however, largely preventable, and it is important to remember that the purpose of the test is to reduce your risk for colon cancer.

Millions of Americans, young and old, undergo a colonoscopy every year. In experienced hands, the risk of complication is very low. To properly perform the exam, however, it is necessary to properly clear the colon. The preparation for the colonoscopy involves drinking a solution that will give you diarrhea. Typically, this takes two to three hours to complete. Keeping yourself well hydrated and taking in extra water is advised. Some people will develop some mild cramps that will pass.

The colonoscopy is done under monitored sedation to keep you safe and comfortable. At the end of it all, most people feel reassured that they have reduced the likelihood of developing colon cancer.