# killall -9 X

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It took me quite a while to realize that the following line does not do what you think it does:
$ echo '$1$CSmo96nX$G0PL/Cs/of5qDN2vMnyHp0' | openssl base64 | tr -d '\n'
You should always use the -n option if you want to make sure there is no spurious trailing newline:
$ echo -n '$1$CSmo96nX$G0PL/Cs/of5qDN2vMnyHp0' | openssl base64 | tr -d '\n'
(By the way, the encrypted message says just 'patata0' and it is not my password).
Or... is it?
Tested on two Linux systems (Fedora & Ubuntu) and one Snow Leopard.

RSA is an algorithm for public-key cryptography. Its advantage is that it does not require the initial exchange of secret keys unlike symmetric key algorithms. Each user has a pair of keys, one for encryption (the public key) and another one for decryption (the private key). The private key is kept in secret while the public key may be widely distributed.
OpenSSL is usually the tool used for creating an RSA key pair (the public and private ones).
$ openssl genrsa -out key.pem 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
............................................++++++
.....++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
This command creates a 1024-bit key pair and ...

MD5 and SHA-1 are cryptographic hash functions. They are deterministic procedures that take an arbitrary block of data as input and return a fixed-size bit string, the hash value (called message digest or fingerprint as well).
Verifying MD5 or SHA-1 digest is highly recommended when you download new software for your system.
In most of Linux distros the md5sum and sha1sum commands are available:
$ md5sum ubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386.iso
66fa77789c7b8ff63130e5d5a272d67b ubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386.iso
$ sha1sum ubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386.iso
19aabf327fdbde9e66db54dc04e3a83b92f70280 ubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386.iso
Solaris (even version 10) doesn’t ship either with md5sum or sha1sum installed. However you can use digest:
% /usr/bin/digest -a md5 GNUgcc.3.4.4.SPARC.64bit.Solaris.10.pkg.tgz
498c344fe2839631bb7cf4b869b7b830
% /usr/bin/digest -a sha1 GNUgcc.3.4.4.SPARC.64bit.Solaris.10.pkg.tgz
a8da8247900dd06a7000fd0e6d41f834d6ab3e40
And in Mac OS X, ...