Spring 47: Cleopatra VII is sole ruler of Egypt; she presents herself as the goddess Isis

23 June 47: Birth of a son, named Caesarion; Caesar is said to be the father

46: Ptolemy XIV is recognized as Cleopatra's co-ruler again; the two are in Rome

March 44: Julius Caesar is killed (text); Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIV return to Egypt, where Ptolemy is soon killed and Caesarion recognized as king; first of a series of bad harvests

Summer 43: Cleopatra has achieved control of Cyprus; she supports the faction of Caesar, led by the Second Triumvirate (Marc Antony, Octavian, Lepidus), in its war against the assassins, led by Brutus and Cassius

42: Battle of Philippi: the triumvirs defeat Brutus and Cassius; Marc Antony will visit the east

41: Cleopatra meets Marc Antony in Tarsus. The Roman needs the Egyptian queen in his war against the Parthian Empire, and returns the rule of old Ptolemaic territories to her

39: Birth of the twins Alexander Helius and Cleopatra Selene

38: Marc Antony gives Chalkis (the Bekaa valley) and parts of Cilicia and Chalkis to Cleopatra; later, she is allowed to govern, as vassal, parts of Phoenicia, Judaea (cordial relations with king Herod), Cyrenaica, and Crete

34: Marc Antony celebrates the conquest of Armenia; Cleopatra is called "new Isis" and "queen of kings",

32: Marc Antony divorces his wive Octavia; outbreak of war between Octavian and Marc Antony

31: Marc Antony and Cleopatra move to Greece, where they are isolated by Octavian's admiral Agrippa; although they are able to win a tactical victory and break out of their isolated position at Actium, the campaign is a distaster and Octavian is able to achieve control of the east

Cleopatra flees to Alexandria and opens negotiations with Octavian; her purpose is to save her children and keep the Ptolemaic kingdom intact

12 August 30: After Octavian has declined to negotiate, Cleopatra reportedly commits suicide; Marc Antony does the same. Their children survive, but Caesarion is killed.