Each service can be independently scaled to suit an application’s evolution, whether that entails a growing data set, expanding indexing requirements, or increased query processing needs.

The index and query services work most quickly and efficiently when a single or small number of machines contain the entire index.

You can choose to customize machines to their workloads.
For example, by adding more CPUs to a node running queries.

Provides workload isolation so that query workloads do not interfere with indexing or data on the same node.

Multidimensional scaling allows specific services to both scale up and scale out without sacrificing ease of administration because they are all managed from within the same cluster and configured at run time, and the software installed on each machine is identical.