The Editors have retracted the original article because validity of the content of the article cannot be verified. The article showed evidence of peer review manipulation. None of the authors agree to the retraction.

1 Erratum to: Clim Dyn DOI 10.1007/s00382-015-2682-2

Unfortunately, the co-author affiliation Dalibor Petković has been incorrectly published in the original publication. The correct affiliation is given below: