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The highest of the five fundamentals listed above is to say the Kalimat ash-shahâda and believe its meaning. The next highest is to perform salât. Next to this is to fast. Then comes the pilgrimage. The last one is to give zakât. It is unanimously certain that kalimat ash-shahâda is the highest. About the sequence of the other four, most 'ulamâ' said the same as we said above. Kalimat ash-shahâda became fard first, in the beginning of Islam. Salât five times a day became fard on the Mi'râj Night in the twelfth year of Bi'that, a year and some months before the Hegira. Fasting during Ramadân became fard in the month of Sha'bân, the second year of the Hegira. Giving zakât became fard in the month of Ramadân, in the same year when fasting became fard. And pilgrimage became fard in the ninth year of the Hegira.

If a person denies, disbelieves, refuses, makes fun of or flouts one of these five fundamentals of Islam, he becomes a disbeliever, may Allah protect us! Similarly, he who does not accept any of the things which are unanimously and clearly declared as halâl (permitted) or harâm (forbidden), or who says halâl for harâm or harâm for halâl, becomes a disbeliever. If a person denies or dislikes one of the inevitably known Islamic teachings, that is, teachings that are heard and known even by the common people living in Muslim countries, he becomes a disbeliever.

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