Ultrasound technicians, or sonographers, operate machines that use sound waves to create images of the inside of the body. Sonograms help physicians diagnose illnesses, track changes within the body and guide surgical procedures. Although bachelor's degrees are available, the typical educational requirement is an associate degree in sonography. Many employers prefer to hire technicians who have passed certification exams. The career has many advantages -- and a few downsides.

Role in Society

Sonographers help physicians diagnose serious health conditions, which is a benefit to society in many ways. They may help locate tumors in the liver or kidneys, or track the progress of healing from injuries. Their work also helps physicians and parents follow the development of an unborn child. Ultrasound technicians enjoy extensive one-on-one contact with their patients. Unlike many other professionals, sonographers experience a lower level of job stress than average, according to "U.S. News Money."

High Pay for the Education

Ultrasound technicians generally earn higher average wages than others who hold associate or bachelor's degrees. The average annual wage of sonographers was $67,170 in 2013, and the top 10 percent received $92,070 per year or more, according to the U .S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. More than half of ultrasound techs worked in hospitals, where they earned an average of $67,540 per year; at doctor's offices, they averaged $66,970 annually. In comparison, the average yearly pay with an associate degree was $40,404 in 2013, while bachelor's degree grads averaged $57,616 a year.

A Positive Job Outlook

The job outlook for ultrasound technicians is a definite plus. Positions are expected to increase 46 percent between 2012 and 2022, much faster than the 11 percent average for all occupations, according to the BLS. Much of the growth will occur because improvements in technology will enable sonography to replace more costly invasive procedures. Ultrasound technicians with several certifications face the best job prospects.

Specialties and Advancement

Another advantage of a career in sonography is the option to choose the type of work. For example, ultrasound techs can specialize in the musculoskeletal system, the abdomen or the breast. They can chose obstetrics and gynecology, vascular technology or neurosonology, which is imaging the brain and spinal chord. The American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography offers specialty credentials in several of these areas, including registered vascular technologist and registered diagnostic cardiac sonographer. Ultrasound techs may advance into administration, education, research and sales positions, according to the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers.

Disadvantages of Sonography

Major employers of ultrasound technicians, including hospitals, clinics, labs and imaging centers, are open long hours or continually, so weekend or evening work is common. The job can be physically challenging because technicians typically stand for long periods, and must lift and position disabled patients. These duties make them more susceptible to strains and injuries. As hands-on health workers, ultrasound technicians are often exposed to patients with serious infections. They must wear gloves and take special precautions to avoid contact with blood or other body fluids that may transmit diseases such as AIDS.