210 T HERE are sev- eral similarities between "The N a- tion's Safety and Arms Control," by Arthur T. Hadley (Viking), and "The New Poli- tics: America and the End of the Postwar World," by Ed- mund Stillman and \Villiam Pfaff (Coward- McCann). Both are good books, solid and original. Both belong to the genus expository-hortatory: they descrIbe troubles the United States is in and suggest ways out. Both believe we may be able to delay a war against the Soviet Union, perhaps forever, and survive to cope with new problems, if we revise our policies promptly and if our luck holds out. (They didn't antici- pate that we would be so deeply engaged in the Berlin controversy before their recommendations could be accepted.) Both contain dispassionate assessments of the uses of power, and both blame many of the frustrations the United States has suffered lately on the unrealistic im- mensit} of our goals. Both argue that we would do better to seek lImited ob- jectives-modest gains, not total solu- tIons-and nothing more. The agreement between Hadley and Stillman and Pfaff is, though, far from complete. Hadley's ideas are most- ly military; Stillman's and Pfaff's are mostly political. Hadley thinks of the United States and the Soviet Union as the Big Two, the only nations equipped to fight a nuclear war, though he real- izes that their duopoly is not likely to last. He hopes we can sign an arms-con- trol treaty with Russia before the Big Two become the Big Three The next major nuclear power will be Commu- nist China, he assumes, and he im- agines she will complicate arms control beyond unravelling. Stillman and Pfaff think the United States and the Soviet Union are no longer, as they were from 1 945 to 1956, the Big Two, except In a military sense, and they hope that American foreign policy will be revised accordingly. They think we should give up our ambition to abolish all the world's evils for a more modest objec- tive-encouraging the rise of independ- ent nations. As for arms control, they believe that the odds are against it. Hadley declines to quote odds on the likelihood of arms control; he simply de- scribes what he considers a workable kind of arms-control treaty and tells how it might come about. His style is , / ........ Jt "'^ '-J '<}. ... ..}" r"" '* )ti'" 'v 't >1 * t 1> << BOOKS Survival of the Fzttest plain and clear-a marvel at explain- ing the intricacies of his subject. The scientific problems of arms control are responsible for most of Stillman's and Pfaff's pessimIsm, but Hadley believes that solutions to most of them can be found. He is a journalist, not a scientist, but during the summer of 1960 he sat in with a group of experts, many of them physicists involved with M.l.T. He attended their conferences on arms control with the understanding that he might go beyond whatever the meetings produced, gather more material, choose among conflicting ideas, and write his own thesis. To Hd.dley, "arms control" is a term covering a multitude of possible arrangements. He prefers "arms con- .! r } ,Æ, .'{' J, ø fl* f {' \ ,.. * ,i< f '1 , ;.i" f' \ , ._) "tf. "- I f ' i:; j : ,y 't " r j . . . j ".' v <; . -t' '., -:" '>Ø'. .;,.,. .'.' u "I- ",.. .. . "" '" A t ... ' , 4' y I y.r.. ,,.. ":\; \ \. 1. ,,' t I ': t \ '<$'f.' t>v, '\ "" '* ...ì " .},. .... 0.1, ':*'- . ' " % -'< " "'\. '';'',' '..tIþ ). . : ; . , Jt . :- " ..b " '" ".......".. >>' <,. ", . . trol" to "disarmament," which is mere- ly one of the possibilities; he wants to a void calling the whole by the name of one of its parts, and to bypass the idea of total disarmament, which he regards as entirely impossIble. (The arms control that Hadley favors involves some fur- ther d.rming.) He is not especially dis- couraged b} the poor results of the arms- control talks that have already taken place He is convinced that the moment for an important arms-control agree- ment will not arrive until the military balance of power between the Soviet Union and the United States has become considerably more "stable." Hadley be- lieves that nèither nation has made its second-strike force-the stockpile of ."- /.1-- .,./ t", /' %"'";.-.... .-.:. ^ "'.t '. "'* .. 'W'"",. . , " ..... "'" - ì .. '''', \. .... " ' '. \ , \ "*. " . \ '{ 't ,-} .\ \,yO , ..... ,. '" , .... ," ," .,., v. 04 '01'\ <Ii. ' \ \" "'-, '" ; '" \') ^ "\ '\ ,'- f "> ;p f .. ,.,., .;.:;,:\ " .{ ""... t4' -- : "" 'N. 'I' .. . '" , ... .. .t !< .;j, " ' . ', h :'{ . " .o;. ' \ -, .'-It :} , ... :* r ." .- >\ \ ;.. f +\< ,ß .'. .p "1 A If ", * " . ' ...w .. \.. ".. ..; >$. .... " 1> 1. k"^ .. "tA> J. . , .. '<' . p. f "t:- '>Þt "" 'it 1<, t .' ". \ )I *'- "^' "\. . . , <> .." # ' <<!f' , i "*c "".. , . . '.. '\ .. .. WI' ** " , ... J i- .:.:-: ..:.