Countries and nationalities in English: usage rules and a table with a list of geographical names

The topic "Countries and nationalities" in Englishlanguage - one of the very first and easy for beginners, since it allows you to work out the verb to be. Despite the ease, many make mistakes in the use of countries and nationalities. How to avoid them? What rules govern the use of geographical names and their derivatives, consider below with the help of tables.

How are countries and nationalities formed in English?

So, let's start from the very beginning. Countries and nationalities in English are formed with the help of the endings of adjectives. What are the endings? Consider the following:

-ish - Poland - Polish (Poland - Polish);

-ian - Hungary - Hungarian (Hungary - Hungarian);

-ese - China - Chinese (Chinese - Chinese);

-an - Korea - Korean (Korea - Korean);

-i - Pakistan - Pakistani (Pakistan - Pakistani);

endings that are used to form one nationality, need to be remembered, since they are exceptions, for example France - French (France - French).

What are the prepositions to use with geographical names?

The names of countries use prepositions to, inand from. This is one of the difficult topics for beginners, which is being studied in the framework of the program "Countries and nationalities". In English, as in Russian, the use of the preposition depends on what the speaker wants to say.

To - the preposition of the direction, is translated as in.

From - the preposition of the direction, is translated as c, from.

In - the preposition shows that the speaker is in this country, or something is happening in it.

These prepositions can be used at all times and in any types of sentences. Examples with translation are given below.

So, consider the countries and nationalities in English. Table of use of prepositions with geographical names is presented to your attention.

To

I want to go to Paris. (I want to go to Paris.)

We were in India last year. (We were in India last year.)

Will they go to Australia next year? (Will they go to Australia next year?)

From

Alice is from France. (Alice from France.)

I thought they were from Argentina. (I thought they were from Argentina)

Where will your next posscard be from - Italy or Spain? (Where will your next postcard come from Italy or Spain?)

In

Where is Beijing? - In China. (Where is Beijing? - In China.)

Mr. Smith was in Hungary last week end? (Mr. Smith was in Hungary last week?)

Will you be in Thailand next summer? (Will you be in Thailand next summer?)

How are the names of countries and nationalities grammatically correct?

When studying English, many students make serious mistakes in the conversation. They can be avoided if you follow the grammar rules:

The names of not only countries, but also nationalities and adjectives, denoting something national, are always written with a capital letter.

When describing an object or language, it is usedadjective, for a designation of a nationality if it does not coincide with an adjective, it is necessary to apply the word corresponding to it and in any case not to replace it with the name of the country.

When referring to the people, you should use the article: the - Russian (Russian - Russian), American - the Americans (American - Americans).

If the adjective-nationality endsin -i, -ese, -ss, -ch, -sh, the -s - the Iraqi, the Japanese, the Swiss (Swiss), the French (French), the Scottish (Scots).

The use of the adjective denoting nationality, without the article the is possible, if you add the word people: Italian people, Cninese people, Brazilian people, Arab people.

Table of countries and nationalities with translation

Table of countries and nationalities in Englishlanguage represents the most popular countries and nationalities that occur in the study. What is its peculiarity? For some countries, the nationality and the adjective are the same, so one word is written in the corresponding column. If the nationality is denoted by another word, it is spelled out in the same box.

A country

Adjective / Nationality

Transfer

Russia

Russian

Russia russian

Great Britain

British / Briton, Brit

United Kingdom / British

America (USA)

American

America / American

Germany

German

Germany / German

Italy

Italian

Italy / Italian

Belgium

Belgian

Belgium / Belgian

Brazil

Brazilian

Brazil / Brazilian

Mexico City

Mexican

Mexico / Mexican

Norway

Norwegian

Norway / Norwegian

Latvia

Latvian

Latvia / Latvian

United Kingdom

Lithuanian

Lithuania / Lithuanian

Estonia

Estonian

Estonia / Estonian

China

Chinese

China / Chinese

Portugal

Portuguese

Portugal / Portuguese

Switzerlnand

Swiss

Switzerland / Swiss

Denmark

Danish / Dane

Denmark / Danish

Finland

Finnish / Finn

Finland / Finnish

Poland

Polish / Pole

Poland / Polish

Scotland

Scottish / Scot, Scotsman, Scotswoman

Scotland / Scots

Sweden

Swedish / Swede

Sweden / Swedish

Turkey

Turkish / Turk

Turkey / Turkish

France

French / Frenchman

France / French

Spain

Spanish / Spaniard

Spain / Spanish

Greece

Greek

Greece / Greek

United Arab

Emirates

Arab

UAE / Arabic

Egypt

Egyptian

Egypt / Egyptian

Israel

Israeli

Israel / Israeli

Kazakhstan

Kazakh

Kazakhstan / Kazakh

Mongolia

Mongolian

Mongolia / Mongolian

Belarus

Byelorussian

Belarus / Byelorussian

Ukraine

Ukrainian

Ukraine / Ukrainian

Bulgaria

Bulgarian

Bulgaria / Bulgarian

Korea

Korean

Korea / Korean

India

Indian

India / Indian

Thailand

Thai

Thailand / Thai

Australia

Australian

Australia / Australian

Canada

Canadian

Canada / Canadian

Peru

Peruvian

Peru / Peruvian

New Zealand

Zelanian

New Zealand / New Zealand

Somalia

Somali

Somali / Somali

Exercises for anchoring material with keys

We examined countries and nationalities inEnglish language. The table above contains the minimum number of countries that foreign language learners should know. Using it and the rules of use, follow the exercises to consolidate the material, and then check the correct answers for the keys.

Exercise 1. Use a grammatically correct word.

Kangaroo is a native Australia / Australian animal.

I have been to Spain / Spanish several times.

I'd like to go to an authentic China / Chinese restaurant.

Russia / Russian is not a member of EU.

JapanJapanese is a very difficult language.

I would like to go to Britain.

Do you need a visa to go to Poland?

We are going to the Switzerland / Swedish in winter.

The Brazilia / Brazilian carnival is a very exciting event.

Beijing is a capital of Chinese / China.

Exercise 2. Use a grammatically correct preposition.

Pizza is ... Italy.

Paris is ... France.

My boss went for vacation ... Turkey.

Where is Ann ...? Is she ... Canada?

We are Brazilians. We are ... Rio de Janeiro.

Do you think it is interesting ... Disneyland?

They will go ... Venezia for their summer holiday.

Where were you last week-end? Did you go ... Moscow?

I like sushi. I tried it when I was ... Japan.

Keys.

Exercise 1.

Kangaroo is an Australian animal (Australian).

I've been to Spain several times (Spain).

I want to visit a real Chinese restaurant (Chinese).

Russia is not a member of the European Union (Russia).

Japanese is a very complicated language. (Japanese).

I would like to go to Britain one day.

Do I need a visa to travel to Poland?

We are going to Switzerland in the winter (Switzerland).

The Brazilian carnival is one of the most exciting events (Brazilian).