Background: Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders are the second most common cause of disability. Persistent MSK pain has been associated with altered central pain mechanisms (CPMs), particularly somatosensory abnormalities. In ...

Three-dimensional primary cultures of colonic epithelium, or colonic organoids, are thought to be a suitable culture system to investigate the properties of human intestinal epithelium and its interaction with commensal ...

The ligament of the head of femur (LHF), or ligamentum teres, is an intra-articular ligament of the hip joint, running between the transverse acetabular ligament (TAL) of the hip and the fovea capitis femoris (FCF) on the ...

Evidence for increasing social inequality and a concurrent health deterioration has been observed in Iron Age (420BCE-500CE) northeast Thailand. Inequality is commonly considered to be represented by variations in quantities ...

A large body of epidemiological evidence shows that children who consume raw bovine milk in early life have reduced incidence of allergies and asthma in later life; while consumption of heat-treated, or processed milk, ...

Ubiquitylation is a post-translational modification in which the protein Ubiquitin (Ub) is attached to other proteins, dictating their fate. Ubiquitylation requires the action of three groups of enzymes, Ub activating (E1) ...

Sarcopenia is a major contributor to the loss of independence and deteriorating quality of life in elderly individuals. It is marked by declining skeletal muscle mass and strength beyond the age of 65. Sarcopenia places ...

Ascorbate (Vitamin C) is vital to human health. We are unable to synthesise ascorbate and attain the majority of ascorbate from plants. Ascorbate accumulation is a complex, regulated and environmentally responsive trait ...

Ubiquitylation is a post-translational modification that modulates protein turnover, function and localisation. The attachment of ubiquitin is achieved by a sophisticated enzyme cascade. Specificity is provided by E3 ...