Oil pipelines in the United States are undergoing a historic realignment in response to new production in the Eagle Ford development in south-central Texas, redevelopment of older production in the Permian Basin, and new flows of oil from the Midwest and Canada that have oversupplied Midwest markets.Reuters | January 30, 2016, 08:21 IST

HOUSTON: Oil pipelines in the United States are undergoing a historic realignment in response to new production in the Eagle Ford development in south-central Texas, redevelopment of older production in the Permian Basin, and new flows of oil from the Midwest and Canada that have oversupplied Midwest markets.

Phillips 66 President Tim Taylor said on Friday that the company may consider increasing its 25 percent stake in the North Dakota-to-Illinois-to-Texas system, but the refiner likes its current commitment as is. The system remains slated to start up in the fourth quarter this year, Phillips 66 said.

CAPACITY: Expansion approved to push storage capacity at the ECHO and Bertron facilities to an aggregate 7.4 million barrels, with access to Enterprise's marine terminal at Morgan's Point on the Houston Ship Channel, and to be linked by pipeline to the Eagle Ford shale to the west. Expansion involves pipelines to connect the terminal with major refineries in the southeast Texas market with an aggregate capacity of about 3.9 million barrels per day, including plants in Baytown, Beaumont, Port Arthur and Texas City.

COST: n/a

STARTUP: Initial phase with 750,000 barrels of storage capacity complete in November 2012; expansion to be completed in phases, with 3 million barrels in January 2015 and fully built out and in service by November 2015. Pipeline startups: 65-mile, 36-inch Jones Creek lateral from Seaway Pipeline to ECHO, January 2014; 95-mile, 30-inch ECHO-to-Nederland, serving Beaumont and Port Arthur refineries, October 2014; 480,000 bpd, 36-inch Rancho II Sealy-to-ECHO, September 2015; 30-inch ECHO to Houston Ship Channel storage, 2016; company in talks with shippers for a possible second ECHO-to-Texas City pipeline as current line is full.

CAPACITY: Initially 30,000 bpd; first expansion to 76,000 bpd, then to 150,000 bpd; third expansion to push capacity to 215,000 bpd

COST: n/a

STARTUP: Reached 150,000 bpd in August 2014; expansion to 215,000 bpd delayed from late 2015 to mid-2016 to redirect capital spending to more profitable projects with volume fluctuations expected as competing projects start up in 2016 and 2017.

STARTUP: The 36-mile line started up Sept. 17, 2013; 30-mile extension October 2014; may extend pipeline by 110 miles into New Mexico, soliciting shipper commitments; producer development and production programs now being reviewed with oil prices at half the levels of summer 2014.

PROJECT: Zydeco Pipeline (Formerly Houma-to-Houston) reversal

OPERATOR: Shell Midstream Partners

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Reversed to move crude from Houston, Texas, to Houma, Louisiana. Phase I delivers crude from connecting pipelines and terminals in Houston to Port Neches; Phase II extended reversal to move crude from Port Neches to Houma, St. James and Clovelly, Louisiana.

CAPACITY: Texas-only segment, 250,000 bpd; Port Neches, Texas to Houma, 360,000 bpd; Houma to Clovelly 400,000 bpd; Houma to St. James, 270,000 bpd. Launched non-binding open season Oct. 19, 2015 for proposed new Houma-to-St. James pipeline to replace current line and accommodate demand in excess of current capacity, open season ends Dec. 11, 2015; if successful will launch binding open season for new replacement line, size and capacity of which will be determined by shipper interest.

COST: $100 million original reversal.

STARTUP: December 2013, initial expansions in 2014; Will expand mainline Port Neches, Texas-to-Houma capacity to 375,000 bpd by end 2015, with additional capacity available in early 2016; planning to connect Zydeco in Port Neches to Sunoco Logistics Partners' crude pipeline originating at its Nederland storage tank farm to give shippers more options to move crude out of Port Neches; if approved, new Houma-to-St. James segment to start up in early 2018; considering further expansion to the Port Neches-to-Lake Charles segment.

PROJECT: Pony Express Pipeline

OPERATOR: Tallgrass Energy Partners LP

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 430-mile converted natural gas pipeline and 260-mile new pipeline to carry North Dakota Bakken crude from Guernsey, Wyoming, to Cushing, Oklahoma; also 66-mile Northeast Colorado Lateral Construction (NECL) project in northeast Colorado that will connect to the mainline east of Sterling; in talks with shippers about a potential expansion to move crude from Colorado and southeast Wyoming to the pipeline system and accommodate more Bakken crude.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 140-mile crude line and condensate from Gardendale hub in La Salle County, Texas, to refineries in Three Rivers and Corpus Christi; and a 35-mile segment from Three Rivers to Enterprise Products Partners' Lyssy station in Wilson County. First expansion adding pumping capacity and looping segments; Second expansion adding a new condensate gathering system in Karnes and Live Oak counties and new twin line from Three Rivers to Corpus Christi announced November 2014.

CAPACITY: Currently 350,000 bpd from western Eagle Ford to Three Rivers and Corpus Christi, plus a marine terminal at Corpus Christi and 1.8 million barrels of storage capacity across the system. First expansion will increase capacity to 470,000 bpd and add 2.3 million barrels of storage capacity in Gardendale, Tilden and Corpus Christi. Second expansion will add 100,000 bpd gathering system and pipeline to Three Rivers and a new 70-mile pipeline from Three Rivers to a new terminal in Corpus Christi, bringing the system's capacity to more than 600,000 bpd.

COST: N/A; first expansion $120 million, second expansion N/A

STARTUP: 140-mile pipeline operational; Corpus Christi dock and Lyssy extension in service in September 2013; first and second expansion and gathering system August 2015, with first expansion delayed from July because of bad weather; new Corpus terminal and dock could start up in 4Q 2016, earlier than originally planned in 2017.

PROJECT: Permian Basin projects

OPERATOR: Plains All American

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: New and expanded pipelines to increase Permian takeaway capacity: 80-mile, 20-inch new Sunrise Pipeline pipeline between Midland and Colorado City, Texas to connect carriers at Colorado City, including the BridgeTex pipeline;

62-mile, 16- and 20-inch pipeline from the southern Midland Basin in Driver to the origin of Plains' Cactus pipeline at McCamey, Texas; additional pumping capacity to existing Basin Pipeline 20-inch pipeline from Jal, New Mexico, to Wink, Texas;

40-mile, 12-inch pipeline from Monahans to Crane, Texas, to supply volumes to Magellan's Longhorn pipeline as well as Cactus; a twin pipeline from Plains' Blacktip station in Loving County to Wink; 260,000 bpd additional capacity from Wink to Midland for a total of 700,000 bpd;

24-inch loop of the Basin Pipeline system from Wink to Midland; 32-mile, 12-inch Avalon Extension from northwest Loving County to Blacktip and Culberson County; 60-mile 16-inch State Line pipeline connect Culberson County to Wink along the Texas-New Mexico state line. Pursuing plan to extend Sunrise from Colorado city to Wichita Falls, Texas.

STARTUP: Sunrise, December 2014; Monahans to Crane January 2015; Driver to McCamey early 2015; Basin expansion Jal to Wink 3Q 2015; Wink to McCamey August 2015, with full service in 2016; Blacktip to Wink August 3Q 2015; expansion Wink to Midland 3Q 2015 with full use in 2016; Avalon Extension in phases July to September 2015; State Line 2Q 2016.

PROJECT: South Texas Crude Oil pipeline expansion

OPERATOR: NuStar Energy LP

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Originates at a 100,000-barrel terminal Pawnee in Karnes County, Texas, and connects to NuStar's existing 12-inch pipeline system between Pettus and Three Rivers. Also connects existing 12-inch pipeline to NuStar's Oakville terminal for crude delivery to its North Beach terminal. Crude transported to Corpus Christi via existing 16-inch pipeline and via new systems to Corpus refineries. Project also included truck-receiving facilities at the Pawnee and Oakville terminals and a new third ship dock in Corpus that pushed total loading capacity to 400,000 bpd. Dock system can load Panamax-class vessels, which can carry 350,000 to 500,000 barrels at rates of up to 30,000 barrels per hour. July 2015 announced plans for a new fourth dock that can handle bigger Suezmax-class vessels, having obtained a lease from the Port of Corpus Christi.

COST: $165 million to $185 million for first two-phase expansion; N/A for second expansion

STARTUP: New dock completed in February 2014; Phase 1, 35,000 bpd, May 2014; Phase II, 65,000 bpd, March 2015; April 2, 2015, launched binding open season for second expansion with 10,000 bpd available for firm commitments after a 10 percent set-aside for walk-up shippers; will add a fourth origin point in McMullen County, Texas. New Suezmax-capable dock slated to start up in 2Q 2017.

PROJECT: Permian Express II

OPERATOR: Sunoco Logistics Partners

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 334 miles of 20- and 24-inch pipeline with origins in Midland, Garden City and Colorado City, then to Corsicana, providing access to other Sunoco and other third-party pipelines, Longview and Nederland to reach various markets and Midcontinent and U.S. Gulf Coast refineries.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 450-mile pipeline from Colorado City in the Permian Basin to Houston-area refineries, with access to Texas City and the Houston Ship Channel; project includes construction of 1.2 million barrels of crude storage in Colorado City and 1.4 million barrels of storage in east Houston. BridgeTex connects to Plains' Sunrise Pipeline and Basin Pipeline system in Colorado City. Magellan will assume ownership of 45-mile leg from Houston to Texas City. December 2015 launched open season to gauge shipper interest in a new origin point in Grimes County to move Eaglebine crude and condensate to Houston.

CAPACITY: 300,000 bpd; with new origin point, 35,000 bpd

COST: $1 billion

STARTUP: September 2014; Grimes County origin point mid-2017 if approved.

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UNDER CONSTRUCTION OR PLANNED

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PROJECT: High Plains Pipeline system expansion

OPERATOR: Tesoro Logistics LP

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Expansion of gathering system to transport crude. Phase I from various points in McKenzie County, North Dakota, to Ramberg Station in Williams County. Phase II from Ramberg Station to Stampede in Burke County. In December 2014 launched open season for Phase III expansion Dec. 8, 2014 to Jan. 22, 2015.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 107-mile pipeline originating at the RIO State Line Terminal at the Texas-New Mexico border and terminate at the RIO Midland Terminal in Midland, Texas. There, it can connect to third-party lines to U.S. Gulf Coast and Cushing markets. The terminals will have truck racks and a storage. On March 20, 2015 Rangeland announced that Delek Logistics Partners , Delek U.S. Holdings' master limited partnership, will be the anchor shipper on the pipeline and terminals with a 33 percent interest.

A 34-mile pipeline to connect Rangeland's RIO Hub in Eddy County, New Mexico, the company's rail facility, to the State Line Terminal is planned later.

CAPACITY: Initially 55,000 bpd; expandable to 85,000 bpd or more depending on the number of pump stations built.

CAPACITY: Multi-phase expansion will have a total capacity of 6.2 million barrels of storage; project intended to meet increased demand for storage, pipeline connectivity and deepwater tanker access as other pipeline projects start up that bring as much as 3 million bpd of crude to the Beaumont/Port Arthur market.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 55 miles of pipeline extending from Reagan County into Glasscock County in the Permian Basin in West Texas; connects to Magellan Midstream Partners' Longhorn Pipeline in Crockett County.

CAPACITY: N/A

COST: $36 million

STARTUP: Phase I of expansion and Longhorn connection operational in September 2015; Construction of remaining 32 miles of pipeline and associated truck facilities to wrap up in January 2016.

PROJECT: Bobcat Delaware Basin crude and condensate pipeline

OPERATOR: Western Refining Inc

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 40-mile pipeline originating near Western Refining Logistics LP's Mason Station crude oil gathering facility in Reeves County, Texas, to a new crude gathering facility at Wink Station in Winkler County, Texas; for crudes with an API gravity of 45 or higher.

CAPACITY: Up to 125,000 bpd

COST: $70 million to $80 million

STARTUP: 1H 2016; construction should be completed in late 2015

PROJECT: Oryx Trans Permian Pipeline system

OPERATOR: Oryx Midstream Services LLC

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 300 miles of gathering pipelines in Reeves, Pecos and Ward counties and 100-mile, 16-inch transportation pipeline from Reeves County to Crane and Midland, Texas; to move Delaware Basin crude and condensate output to Magellan Midstream Partners' Longhorn Pipeline in Crane and other third-party pipelines in Midland.

CAPACITY: 160,000 bpd, expandable to 220,000 bpd

COST: $200 to $300 million

STARTUP: Phase I gathering system and transport line to Crane, 1Q 2016; Phase II Crane to Midland, 2Q 2016.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: The joint interest of Saddlehorn and Grand Mesa will own the 550-mile system originates 20 miles north of Saddlehorn's Platteville, Colorado, origin at a junction near Grand Mesa's Lucerne, Colorado, origin, to Cushing, Oklahoma. Saddlehorn will own origin points at Platteville and a 50-mile expansion leg from Platteville to Plains' crude-by-rail terminal in Carr; Grand Mesa will own origin points at and a pipeline segment between Lucerne and Riverside, Colorado. The Carr extension will connect with Plains' Cowboy pipeline.

CAPACITY: Initially 340,000 bpd, with 190,000 bpd, or 56 percent, owned by Saddlehorn and the remaining 150,000 bpd, or 44 percent, owned by Grand Mesa. Saddlehorn has the option to expand the maximum capacity of the system to more than 450,000 bpd at its sole discretion and cost, which would increase its capacity ownership to 66 percent and lower Grand Mesa's to 33 percent. COST: Saddlehorn's cost will be $650 million, down from about $950 million for the standalone Saddlehorn project; NGL has not disclosed Grand Mesa's costs, but based on the capacity ownership, NGL's costs would be more than $510 million.

STARTUP: Mid-2016 for Colorado-to-Oklahoma system; 4Q 2016 for Carr-to-Platteville extension; Dec. 9, 2015 Magellan and Plains launched a supplemental open season to seek more shipper commitments for the Saddlehorn-owned capacity. Customers can submit binding commitments by Jan. 7.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Longview, Texas, to Shreveport, Louisiana; through connections in the Shreveport area the line will be able to deliver crude to Delek U.S. Holdings' Arkansas refinery.

CAPACITY: 80,000 bpd

COST: N/A

STARTUP: Mid-2016; Month-long open season launched June 23, 2015

PROJECT: Cornerstone Pipeline

OPERATOR: MPLX LP subsidiary of Marathon Petroleum Corp

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 50-mile condensate pipeline to Marathon Petroleum's 78,000 bpd refinery in Canton, Ohio, from Cadiz, Ohio by way of a tank farm in East Sparta, Onio. Originally proposed to have an 8-inch diameter, doubled to 16 inches; will transport both condensate and natural gasoline, both of which can be diluents for Canadian crude.

CAPACITY: 180,000 bpd from Cadiz to East Sparta; 45,000 bpd from East Sparta to Canton.

COST: $140 million

STARTUP: Binding open season in 1Q 2015, construction targeted to start early 2016 with startup by year-end.

PROJECT: Delaware Basin Extension

OPERATOR: Sunoco Logistics Partners

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 125-mile pipeline from Loving County, Texas, to Lea County, New Mexico, to Midland, Texas.

CAPACITY: Initially 100,000 bpd; open season launched mid-October 2014, announced as successful in January 2015

COST: N/A

STARTUP: First half 2016

PROJECT: Delaware Basin Crude Gathering Pipeline

OPERATOR: Energy Transfer Partners

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 130 miles of pipeline from receipt points in Reeves County in West Texas and Lea County in New Mexico to delivery points in Loving County, Texas and Lea County, N.M.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Midland, Texas to Longview, Texas, then to Anchorage, Louisiana. SunVit to develop Midland to Garden City, Texas; Sunoco to develop Garden City to Longview; then Exxon to reverse an existing pipeline from Longview to its Anchorage tank farm that serves its 502,200 bpd Baton Rouge refinery. SunVit segment also slated to connect to connect with Sunoco's Permian Express II.

CAPACITY: 100,000 bpd

COST: N/A

STARTUP: Mid-2016

PROJECT: Exxon Baytown connections

OPERATOR: Genesis Energy

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Will use new, existing and repurposed pipeline infrastructure to connect Exxon's Baytown, Texas refinery to medium-sour crudes produced in the Gulf of Mexico, including Exxon's Hoover Offshore Oil Pipeline System (HOOPS) and Genesis' Cameron Highway Oil Pipeline System (CHOPS).

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 9-mile, 24-inch pipeline connecting TransCanada's Houston tank terminal to Magellan's East Houston terminal and in turn Magellan's Houston and Texas City distribution system that serves refineries in those areas. The pipeline will open more destinations for crude arriving to the U.S. Gulf Coast via TransCanada's MarketLink pipeline from Cushing, Oklahoma, to Nederland, Texas when MarketLink's Houston lateral and TransCanada's 700,000-barrel Houston terminal finish construction in the fourth quarter of 2015.

CAPACITY: 450,000 bpd, expandable to 570,000 bpd; Phillips 66 in October 2014 agreed to become a 25 percent partner in the project; Sunoco Logistics Partners in may 2015 agreed to become a 30 percent partner as well.

COST: $3.78 billion

STARTUP: 4Q 2016

PROJECT: Energy Transfer Crude Oil Pipeline (trunkline conversion)

OPERATOR: Energy Transfer Partners

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Will convert and reverse a 30-inch natural gas pipeline to carry Bakken and Canadian crude from Patoka, Illinois to Sunoco Logistics' storage hub in Nederland, Texas. 744-mile pipeline includes spans 678 miles of converted natural gas pipeline and 66 miles of new 30-inch pipeline from the Patoka hub to the northern end of the converted trunkline. Phillips 66 in October 2014 agreed to become a 25 percent partner in the project; Sunoco in May 2015 agreed to become a 30 percent partner.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Expansion of pipeline and terminal system at Galena Park, Texas that delivers crude from Magellan's pipeline system Houston and Texas City refineries with addition of new Panamax-capable marine dock and pipeline infrastructure to move refined products, blendstocks and crude oil to dock at rates of up to 20,000 per hour. Also expanding connectivity between the Galena Park terminal and the Houston crude distribution system.

CAPACITY: n/a

COST: $115 million

STARTUP: Connectivity between Galena Park and Houston distribution system end 2016; new dock end 2018.

STARTUP: Final decision whether to proceed with the project delayed from mid-2015 on lower oil prices, could delay targeted late 2016 startup.

PROJECT: Diamond Pipeline

OPERATOR: Plains All American

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 440-mile, 20-inch pipeline from Plains' storage terminal at the U.S. crude futures hub at Cushing, Oklahoma, to Valero's 180,000 bpd refinery in Memphis, Tennessee. Valero in 2013 received 100,000 bpd of Bakken crude railed to St. James, Louisiana, then shipped to the refinery via the Capline pipeline, but volumes have declined by an undisclosed amount as Bakken shipments to the East and West coasts have ramped up. A Cushing-Memphis pipeline would shorten the distance and save costs.

CAPACITY: 200,000 bpd

COST: $900 million

STARTUP: Early 2017

PROJECT: Magellan Midstream Partners and LBC Tank Terminals LLC

OPERATOR: Seabrook Logistics LLC, joint venture of both

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 18-inch pipeline connecting more than 700,000 barrels of new crude storage and distribution infrastructrure adjacent to LBC's existing terminal in Seabrook, Texas, to a third-party pipeline that will move crude to a Houston-area refinery. The venture also will use LBC's Aframax-capacble dock and two barge docks. Magellan may connect and integrate the Seabrook project with its Houston crude and refined products pipeline systems.

CAPACITY: N/A

COST: $95 million

STARTUP: 1Q 2017

PROJECT: Delta Delaware Takeaway pipeline system

OPERATOR: Crestwood Equity Partners

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 600 miles of pipeline spanning Reeves, Loving and Culberson counties that will originate at a new Crestwood terminal near Orla, Texas in Reeves County. Terminal will include 200,000 barrels of storage and truck loading and unloading facilities, blending services, multiple upstream and downstream connections. Also could potentially include condensate stabilization services.

CAPACITY: N/A

COST: N/A

STARTUP: 2Q 2017; could be expanded based on results of Oct. 28-Dec. 7 open season.

PROJECT: Sandpiper Pipeline

OPERATOR: Enbridge. Marathon Petroleum Corp has agreed to be the main shipper.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 24-inch 375-mile pipeline from Beaver Lodge, near Tioga, North Dakota, to Clearbrook, Minnesota; then a 30-inch, 233-mile pipeline to Superior, Wisconsin.

COST: $2.6 billion. Marathon will pay 37.5 percent of the project's cost in exchange for a 27 percent interest in the Enbridge's North Dakota pipeline system which will have a capacity of 580,000 bpd when the project is completed.

STARTUP: Announced on Sept. 30, 2014, that target startup of early 2016 was pushed to 2017 after the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission ordered a state environmental review that will examine alternate pipeline routes, lengthening the permitting process.

PROJECT: Oklahoma condensate pipeline

OPERATOR: Blueknight Energy Partners

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 110-mile pipeline converted from Blueknight's existing mainline system from Maysville, Oklahoma, to the company's terminal at the U.S. crude futures hub in Cushing. Line will initially commingle

A second 50-mile pipeline could be built from Blueknight's Cushing terminal to connect to the Explorer Pipeline in Glenpool, Oklahoma. Project creates ability to move crude and condensate in separate batches, and lighter crudes and condensate could be delivered to Canada to meet diluent demand. Blueknight also may build a 50,000 bpd condensate stabilizer at its Cushing terminal to allow for condensate exports to Canada or the U.S. Gulf Coast.

CAPACITY: N/A

COST: N/A

STARTUP: 3Q 2016; on Nov. 2 announced binding open season through Nov. 30 to gauge shipper interest; On Nov. 30 extended open season to Dec. 18.

PROJECT: Midland to Sealy Pipeline

OPERATOR: Enterprise Products Partners

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 416-mile, 24-inch pipeline from Midland to Sealy, Texas, where it could connect to Enterprise's Rancho pipeline from Sealy to the Enterprise Crude Houston Oil (ECHO) terminal in Houston through an interconnect with the Rancho II Sealy-to-ECHO pipeline that started up in September 2015. Line will batch shipments of West Texas South, West Texas Intermediate, light WTI and condensate.

CAPACITY: 450,000 bpd

COST: N/A

STARTUP: 2Q 2017

PROJECT: Inland California Express Pipeline

OPERATOR: Questar Pipeline

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 96-mile west segment from Whitewater, California to a crude oil terminal Long Beach currently not in service may be converted for crude oil delivery. 488-mile section extending from the San Juan Basin of northern New Mexico to delivery interconnects with California utilities will remain in natural gas service. Project includes 120,000 rail terminal to offload crude for delivery to California refineries, location yet undetermined.

CAPACITY: N/A

COST: N/A

STARTUP: If approved, early 2017

PROJECT: Express-Platte Pipeline expansion (twin line)

OPERATOR: Spectra Energy Partners LP

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Approximately 970-mile pipeline from Guernsey, Wyoming, to Patoka, Illinois, a new twin line in addition to the existing 932-mile, 145,000 bpd Platte Pipeline from Guernsey to Wood River.

CAPACITY: Initially 400,000 bpd

COST: N/A

STARTUP: 2017, binding open season to be launched in the first quarter of 2015

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 30-inch, 55-mile pipeline from Sunoco's 25 million-barrel crude terminal in Nederland, Texas, to Lake Charles, Louisiana under construction; line to move multiple crude grades from light domestic to Canadian heavy. Lateral expected to connect to to Phillips 66's crude and products terminal about 12 miles away in Beaumont.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 240-mile pipeline from Williston, North Dakota, to southern Saskatchewan near the border with Manitoba. Would move Bakken oil north into Canada to connect with TransCanada's proposed $960 million, 1.1 million bpd Energy East pipeline, which will move U.S. and Canadian crude to Canada's east coast. TransCanada has asked the Obama Administration for a presidential permit for the Upland project, which is required for cross-border pipelines.

CAPACITY: Up to 220,000 bpd

COST: $500 million

STARTUP: Target startup 2018, but Energy East has been delayed to 2020 after TransCanada scrapped plans to build an export port in Quebec because it would endanger beluga whales. TransCanada is considering other port options.

CAPACITY: 1.2 million bpd of light crude; could move up to an estimated 800,000 bpd of heavy crude

COST: N/A

STARTUP: Reversal under study by owners Marathon, Plains All American and BP Plc ; Marathon says could potentially move Canadian heavy crude and Bakken to Louisiana if a source to fill it in Illinois is found; Plains says reversal won't happen until after its Diamond Pipeline from Cushing, Oklahoma to Memphis, Tennessee starts up in early 2017; Plains said May 6 the Diamond startup will reduce Capline flows to less than 300,000 bpd. Line will not be reversed unless all three owners agree. Plains also said May 6 that Plains and Marathon are "of one mind" in support of reversal, and they've "still got to have the positive vote of that third owner," meaning BP, which declines comment.

PROJECT: Freedom Pipeline

OPERATOR: Kinder Morgan

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Wink, Texas in the Permian Basin to Emidio, California. Project includes conversion of 740 miles of existing natural gas pipeline to move crude, 22 miles of new pipeline for interconnections in California, and 200 miles of new pipeline between Wink and El Paso, Texas; also construction of tank facilities in Texas and delivery points in California.

Company shelved the project in May 2013, but began talking to potential shippers in 2014 to gauge interest; potential resurrected project could include construction of a 150,000 bpd atmospheric topping unit in West Texas to produce 100,000 bpd of stabilized condensate and 200,000 bpd of gasoils and residual fuels. The condensate could be exported from Southern California, and the other components could be blended into crude for California refineries.

STARTUP: Original project would have started up in the fourth quarter of 2014; No target startup date disclosed for revamped project.

PROJECT: Chicap Pipeline Blue Island Lateral Expansion

OPERATOR: BP Plc

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 15-mile, 14-inch Lateral on the Chicap Pipeline from Mokena, Illinois to Blue Island, Illinois. The line used to move crude to a refinery in Blue Island, but was shut after the plant closed in 2001. In May 2015 Chicap reactivated the line in iesponse to increased demand for crude transporation in the region and the expansion will be bi-directional so crude can go to Blue Island storage, and then move back to Mokena to connect to other lines to markets. Chicap receives low sulfur and heavy crude from the Louisiana-to-illinois Capline Pipeline, in which BP is a minority owner, as well as other pipelines.

CAPACITY: Chicap offering priority service, not subject to prorationing during ordinary operating conditions, for up to 20,000 bpd, or 90 percent of the capacity available for movements from Blue Island to Mokena.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Eagle Ford shale formation to storage and a condensate splitter facility in Galena Park, Texas, with access to the Houston Ship Channel

CAPACITY: Pipeline can carry about 300,000 bpd of both Eagle Ford shale crude and condensate in 65 miles of newly built pipe and 113 miles of a converted natural gas pipeline. Splitters will process 100,000 bpd of Eagle Ford condensate (expandable to 150,000) and provide 1.9 million barrels of storage capacity.

Pipeline expansions will connect its DeWitt County station to its Helena station in Karnes County (30 miles) and to the Gonzales Station (15 miles). A 27-mile, 100,000 bpd lateral connects to Phillips 66's 247,000 bpd refinery in Sweeny, Texas, including truck offloading capability in Dewitt and four storage tanks in Wharton County with 480,000 barrels of capacity. A 10-mile line connects KMCC with the Double Eagle system.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Connects to 50-mile, 14- and 16-inch existing pipeline owned by Kinder, enabling delivery of Eagle Ford condensate to Magellan's marine and storage terminal in Corpus Christi from Three Rivers, Texas. Total project includes 140 miles of new 12-inch pipeline connecting to the existing line and a 10-mile pipeline to connect Double Eagle with Kinder Morgan's KMCC.

CAPACITY: 100,000 bpd initially, expandable to 150,000 bpd

COST: $150 million

STARTUP: In May 2013 pipeline started moving condensate from Three Rivers to the Corpus terminal; announced Aug. 29 that the 85-mile western leg of the project from Gardendale in LaSalle County, Texas, to Three Rivers started up. New 10-mile connector and storage complete in March 2015. PROJECT: Longhorn Pipeline reversal

OPERATOR: Magellan Midstream Partners

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Reversed flow of Crane-to-Houston segment of Longhorn Pipeline, which had carried refined products from Houston to El Paso, Texas, and converted the line to transport crude; Announced Oct. 7 will build a new origin at Barnhart, Texas, about 75 miles east of Crane.

CAPACITY: 225,000 bpd in 2013; Will expand capacity by 50,000 bpd to 275,000.

COST: $375 million for first phase; $55 million for expansion; $25 million for new origin.

STARTUP: Started in mid-April 2013; reached 225,000 bpd in October 2013; expanded capacity to 275,000 bpd mid-2014; new Barnhart origin early 2015.

PROJECT: Gardendale Gathering System expansion

OPERATOR: Plains All American

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Four crude oil gathering pipelines, a total of 90 miles, extending from Dimmitt and La Salle counties to Plains' Gardendale Terminal in South Texas. Connect at Gardendale to long-haul pipelines that deliver crude to refineries in Three Rivers, Corpus Christi and the Houston area. Project included new Eagle Ford condensate stabilization facility adjacent to Gardendale terminal. Also a new 40-mile Gulf Coast crude oil pipeline originating from Plains' Ten Mile terminal in Mobile, Alabama to Pascagoula.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Reactivated and reversed 299-mile section of TexNew Mex pipeline to move crude oil from Star Lake to Maljamar, New Mexico; Also building a 70-mile extension to connect to Mason Station crude gathering facility in Reeves County, Texas.

CAPACITY: 10,000-15,000 bpd

COST: Reactivation $25 million to $30 million; 70-mile line $80 million to $90 million

STARTUP: April 2015, delayed from 1Q 2015 because of bad weather; volumes to reach 10,000 bpd in 4Q 2015.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 210-mile new gathering system in Kingfisher, Canadian, Blaine and parts of Grady counties west and northwest of Oklahoma city, and a 20-mile pipeline originating at a storage and truck unloading facility east of Okarche, Oklahoma in Canadian and Kingfisher counties that will connect to multiple pipelines with direct access to the U.S. crude futures hub in Cushing.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 488-mile, 12-inch pipeline in two segments originating from Dore, North Dakota; H1 segment to terminal near Baker, Montana; H2 segment from that terminal to Guernsey, Wyoming, where it connects to Tallgrass Energy Partners' Pony Express pipeline, which moves crude to Cushing, Oklahoma. In August 2015 Kinder began taking volumes from the Powder River Basin at an injection station on the line in Douglas, Wyoming; planning connections to Plains All American's Guernsey Station and Sinclair Oil's Guernsey terminal to give shippers more routes to local and regional markets.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: A 60-mile, 12-inch pipeline from Wolfcamp shale play in the Permian Basin close to Garden City in Glasscock County, Texas, to Colorado City hub, Texas, with interconnecting facilities to pipelines that can ship onwards to the Gulf Coast or Cushing including the Centurion and Basin pipelines and the BridgeTex and Permian Express II pipelines. Expansions include an additional 30,000 bpd for the Wolfcamp Connector; a 40-mile, 10-inch from Garden City to Big Lake Reagan County, Texas; a Midkiff Lateral from Garden City to Midkiff in Upton County; a Santa Rita Lateral further into Reagan County; and an expansion of Medallion's Reagan gathering system.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Two pipelines, one 24-inch connecting Oiltanking's Houston terminal to Crossroads Junction to deliver crude to Shell's Zydeco pipeline (formerly Houston-to-Houma); the second a 36-inch pipeline to Crossroads Junction to provide access to the termination point of TransCanada's Gulf Coast pipeline, and will primarily be used for crude deliveries to Exxon Mobil Corp's 560,500 bpd refinery in Baytown, Texas.

CAPACITY: N/A

COST: $98 million

STARTUP: 24-inch line October 2014; 36-inch line, mid-2015

PROJECT: Midkiff to Midland expansion

OPERATOR: Centurion Pipeline

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Midkiff Texas to Midland Texas

CAPACITY: 21 miles of 12-inch loop pipeline and new pumps to add up to 100,000 bpd of new capacity

COST: N/A

STARTUP: 1Q 2015

PROJECT: Crude-gathering pipeline projects

OPERATOR: Summit Midstream Partners LP

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Williams, Divide and Burke counties, North Dakota

CAPACITY: Tioga Midstream: new crude, water and natural gas gathering infrastructure including 240 miles of new pipelines with 20,000 bpd of crude capacity; New 47-mile crude pipeline and truck unloading system serving Global Partners LP's 270,000-barrel crude storage facility in Burke County, adding up to 50,000 bpd of crude deliverability; Expanded 295-mile Polar and Divide gathering systems with new pipelines that have aggregate throughput capacity of 80,000 bpd of crude and produced water from pad sites, central receipt points and truck unloading stations, adding more delivery points, underpinned by anchor shippers Whiting Petroleum and SM Energy Company .

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 325 miles of new crude oil gathering and transmission pipelines in Howard, Martin, Mitchell, Borden and Glasscock counties in the Permian Basin in West Texas that connect to Big Spring and then to Colorado City. From there crude can move on third-party systems, such as Sunoco Logistics Partners West Texas Gulf and Magellan Midstream Partners' joint-venture BridgeTex pipelines to the Texas Gulf Coast and Longview, Texas. On Jan. 22, 2015, Navigator announced plans to expand the system with another 125 miles transportation pipelines with new origin points in Midland, Glasscock and Martin counties. In April 2015 Navigator also announced a new delivery point to Alon USA Energy's 73,000 bpd Big Spring refinery, with ability to deliver 100,000 bpd.

CAPACITY: 85,000 bpd initially; 140,000 bpd with expansion.

COST: N/A

STARTUP: 3Q 2015

PROJECT: SCOOP Pipeline

OPERATOR: Magellan Midstream Partners

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Reactivate idle 135-mile segment to deliver crude and condensate from Oklahoma's SCOOP production area from Healdton, Oklahoma, to Cushing.

CAPACITY: 15,000 initially, can move up to 75,000 bpd

COST: $25 million

STARTUP: Nov 1 2015

PROJECT: Condensate pipeline

OPERATOR: EnLink Midstream Partners

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 45-mile, 8-inch pipeline to move stabilized condensate from Guernsey and Noble counties in Ohio to EnLink's existing 200-mile pipeline in Ohio and West Virginia, which serve the company's 24,000 bpd Black Run rail terminal in Frazeysburg, Ohio, and its Bells Run barge terminal on the Ohio River. Project also includes construction of six natural gas compression and condensate stabilization facilities in Noble, Belmont and Guernsey counties.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: More than 400 miles of gathering pipeline spanning Lea and Eddy counties in New Mexico and Culberson, Loving, Reeves and Winkler counties in Texas; to deliver Delaware Basin crude to third-party pipelines and rail.

CAPACITY: 100,000 bpd initially

COST: N/A

STARTUP: November 2015

PROJECT: Connolly Gathering System

OPERATOR: Tesoro Logistics

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Various points in Dunn County, North Dakota, to Tesoro's Connolly Station.

STARTUP: Construction began July 2014, completion end 2015; first barrels to be delivered in to main line by end 2014 with rampup throughout 2015.

PROJECT: Victoria Express Pipeline

OPERATOR: EnLink Midstream Partners

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 56-mile, 12-inch crude and condensate pipeline from the Eagle Ford shale in DeWitt County, Texas, to the Port of Victoria in Victoria, Texas. Includes 150,000 bbls storage at the port terminal; expanding port storage to 200,000 bpd and adding 160,000 bpd of storage at pipeline origin in Cuero, Texas.

CAPACITY: 50,000 bpd; expanding to 90,000

COST: $70 million

STARTUP: 3Q 2014; Expansion year-end 2015

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STARTED UP IN 2014

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PROJECT: Seaway Pipeline

OPERATOR: Enterprise Product Partners and Enbridge Inc

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Cushing, Oklahoma, to Houston, Texas

COST: $300 million for initial reversal, $2 billion for final expansion with new parallel loop pipeline.

CAPACITY: 150,000 bpd initially, with first expansion to 400,000 bpd in January 2013 and further expansion with startup of twin pipeline to 850,000 bpd.

STARTUP: First crude began flowing from Cushing on May 19, 2012; First expansion started up Jan. 11, 2013; twin line construction complete in June 2014; twin receiving Canadian heavy crude delivered to Cushing via Enbridge's Flanagan South pipeline, which started up Dec. 1, 2014.

PROJECT: Mississippian Lime pipeline

OPERATOR: Plains All American

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 135-mile pipeline from Alfalfa County near Alva, Oklahoma, to Plains' storage facility at the U.S. crude futures hub in Cushing, Oklahoma; 55-mile extension will bring move crude to Alfalfa County from Comanche County, Kansas; additional 45 miles of new pipeline will extend infrastructure into Logan County and further into Grant County, Okla.; Adding 150,000 barrels of new tankage.

CAPACITY: 175,000 bpd for the 135-mile line; 75,000 bpd for the 55-mile line.

COST: n/a

STARTUP: Larger line started up Aug. 1; extension began partial service in fourth quarter 2013, full service end 1Q 2014.

PROJECT: Bakken Oil Express pipeline

OPERATOR: Bakken Oil Express

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 39-mile, 16-inch pipeline between a tanker truck unloading and pumping facility near Killdeer and transport oil to an existing Bakken Oil Express crude by rail loading facility west of Dickinson in western North Dakota.

CAPACITY: 165,000 bpd

COST: $14 million

STARTUP: July 2014

PROJECT: South Texas pipeline system expansion

OPERATOR: Koch Pipeline LP

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: San Patricio County, Texas

CAPACITY: 200,000 bpd

COST: N/A

STARTUP: Mid-2014

PROJECT: Western Oklahoma Extension

OPERATOR: Plains All American

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 95-mile extension of Plains' Oklahoma pipeline system from Orion, Oklahoma to Reydon, Oklahoma at the western state line; will provide access to the Granite Wash and Cleveland sands oil plays in western Oklahoma and the Texas Panhandle.

CAPACITY: 75,000 bpd

COST: n/a

STARTUP: 3Q 2014

PROJECT: Butte LOOP Pipeline

OPERATOR: True Company

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Baker, Montana to Guernsey, Wyoming

CAPACITY: 110,000 bpd

COST: n/a

STARTUP: August 2014

PROJECT: West Texas Gulf pipeline system

OPERATOR: Sunoco Logistics Partners LP

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Three different projects to bring Permian basin crude to Gulf Coast market. West Texas to Houston line - 40,000 bpd, expandable to 44,000 bpd, will carry West Texas Sour and West Texas Intermediate at Midland; West Texas to Longview Access - 30,000 bpd, to carry Permian crudes to the Mid-Valley pipeline to the Midwest; West Texas to Nederland Access - 40,000 bpd

COST: N/A

STARTUP: All three operational; West Texas to Nederland started up in July after delay by Exxon Mobil Corp's March 2013 shutdown of its Pegasus crude oil pipeline that carries heavy Canadian crude to Texas from Illinois after a spill. The Exxon and Sunoco lines are connected, and the July startup of the Exxon line's Texas segment allowed Sunoco's project to start.

PROJECT: Cline Shale Pipeline System

OPERATOR: Centurion Pipeline, subsidiary of Occidental Petroleum

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Irion, Sterling, Tom Green and Mitchell Counties in West Texas to Centurion's existing Colorado City, Texas, station. 100 miles of new pipeline and several origination stations, each able to receive crude via truck or pipeline.

CAPACITY: 75,000 bpd

COST: N/A

STARTUP: August 2014 began initial operations at Barnhart Station, delivering crude to Colorado City; Fully operational in 3Q 2014 in conjunction with the startup of the BridgeTex Pipeline.

PROJECT: Rio Bravo pipeline conversion

OPERATOR: Energy Transfer Partners

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 84 miles of natural gas pipelines converted to crude and condensate service from McMullen County, Texas, to Trafigura AG's marine terminal in Corpus Christi to allow Eagle Ford crude to be shipped to other U.S. markets. Trafigura is spending $500 million to expand the terminal so it can berth three medium-range tankers and two inland barges at the same time.

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Reversal and conversion of an underused refined products pipeline to move crude oil from the Eaglebine and Woodbine shale plays in Hearne, Texas, to Hebert Texas; then five miles of new pipeline to Sunoco Logistics' 22 million-barrel storage hub in Nederland, Texas

CAPACITY: 60,000 bpd

COST: N/A

STARTUP: October 2014

PROJECT: Granite Wash Extension Pipeline

OPERATOR: Sunoco Logistics

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Wheeler County Texas in the Texas Panhandle to Ringgold, Texas north of Fort Worth along the state line; will include about 200 miles of new pipeline, pump stations, tankage and truck unloading facilities to transport Granit Wash shale oil output to Sunoco and third-party pipelines that transport crude to refineries in the Midcontinent and on the U.S. Gulf Coast.

CAPACITY: 70,000 bpd initially.

COST: N/A

STARTUP: October 2014.

PROJECT: Dakota Plains/Hiland pipeline

OPERATOR: Hiland Crude LLC; Kinder Morgan acquiring

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Connects Hiland's Market Center gathering system in North Dakota to Dakota Plains Holdings' Pioneer Rail Terminal in New Town, North Dakota; on Jan. 21, 2015, Kinder Morgan announced plans to guy Hiland Partners for $3 billion, deal to close in the first quarter.

CAPACITY: 15,000 bpd initially, expandable to 60,000 bpd

COST: N/A

STARTUP: November 2014

PROJECT: Flanagan South Pipeline

OPERATOR: Enbridge

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 600-mile Flanagan terminal at Pontiac, Ill., to Cushing Okla; route follows Enbridge's Spearhead; will carry Canadian heavy crude that will load into Enterprise's Seaway system to move to the U.S. Gulf Coast

COST: Part of NuStar's $325 million acquisition of TexStar Midstream Services LP's 140 miles of Eagle Ford crude pipeline and gathering lines, and 643,400 barrels of storage assets; $65 million to $85 million to integrate and complete gathering and terminal assets.

CAPACITY: 100,000 bpd of crude and condensates.

STARTUP: 2013

PROJECT: Bakken Access Program

OPERATOR: Enbridge

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Western North Dakota. Includes adding 26 miles of 16-inch pipeline between Enbridge stations in Beaver Lodge near Tioga, North Dakota, and Stanley; 29 miles of new 16-inch pipeline between Stanley and Berthold terminal; and expansion of Berthold with rail loading capability that can handle three unit trains at a time.

STARTUP: Had been 3Q 2015; Shell confirmed Sept. 30, 2014, that project delayed to focus on securing more shipper commitments and pushed startup to late 2017; second open season launched Oct. 13, 2014. In July 2015 Shell said the project was cancelled "after a thorough review and as a result of changing market conditions."

PROJECT: Uinta Express Pipeline

OPERATOR: Uinta Express Pipeline Co, subsidiary of Tesoro Corp

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 135-mile, 12-inch insulated pipeline connecting Utah's Uinta Basin with Salt Lake City-area refineries. Waxy crude produced in the Uinta Basin must be kept at a higher temperature than other types of crude to flow, so other pipelines in the area cannot move it. Output is currently transported via truck. Fourteen miles of the pipeline would be in the Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest.

CAPACITY: 60,000 bpd

COST: N/A

STARTUP: Had been targeted for 2016 pending evaluation and reviews, but the project has been canceled because of the downturn in global oil prices and challenging economic feasibility. Tesoro may re-evaluate moving forward with the project under more favorable market conditions in the future. Draft environnmental impact statement from the Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest expected in August 2015; with final report to be finished by March 2016.

PROJECT: Bakken Oil Pipeline

OPERATOR: Enterprise Products Partners

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: 1,200-mile, 30-inch pipeline to run from North Dakota Bakken to Cushing, Oklahoma, with a portion running from the Powder River and Denver-Julesburg basins in Wyoming to Cushing.

CAPACITY: 340,000 bpd

COST: n/a

STARTUP: 2016 for the Wyoming-to-Cushing portion, and fully operational by 3Q 2017. On Dec. 12, 2014, announced would not build the pipeline for lack of shipper commitments.

PROJECT: Dakota Express Pipeline

OPERATOR: Koch Pipeline LP

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: Williston Basin, western North Dakota, to Hartford, Illinois and Patoka, Illinois. Koch also will explore a connection at Patoka to Energy Transfer Partners' joint-venture Eastern Gulf Crude Access Pipeline, which would be able to move Bakken and Canadian heavy crude to U.S. Gulf Coast refineries.

CAPACITY: 250,000 barrels per day initially

COST: N/A

STARTUP: Was 2016, depending on shipper interest. In June Koch announced a 45-day, non-binding open season in July, to be followed by a binding open season if warranted. In January 2014 a Koch spokesman said, without explanation, that the company was no longer pursuing the project.

PROJECT: Niobrara Falls Project

OPERATOR: NuStar Energy LP

ORIGIN/DESTINATION: New crude oil pipelines from gathering locations in the Niobrara shale near Platteville and Watkins, Colorado, to a tie-in point on NuStar's existing refined products pipeline that runs from McKee, Texas to Denver. The products line will be reversed and converted to carry crude from Denver to McKee, and then connected with NuStar's 14-inch Wichita Falls-to-McKee crude line, which also will be reversed to move oil to Wichita Falls from McKee.

“To save the environment and to fight climate change, my government has planned a major campaign. By 2022, we want to generate 175 GW of renewable energy. In the last three years, we have already achieved 60 GW or around one-third of this target,” he said.