Patients’ rooms at Casa Ismael, a nonprofit HIV clinic in Toa Baja, Puerto Rico. Residents of the U.S. territory have less money for food because congressional dysfunction, a demonstration of the island's extreme dependence on the federal government at a time when President Trump is increasingly resistant to providing help. (Dennis M. Rivera Pichardo/For The Washington Post)

A massive emergency aid bill for victims of hurricanes, wildfires, flooding and other natural disasters was defeated in the Senate on Monday amid a fight between Democrats and President Trump over relief for Puerto Rico.

Senate Democrats opposed the $13.45 billion legislation, contending the $600 million included for Puerto Rico’s food stamp program is inadequate to meet the U.S. territory’s needs as it attempts to recover from Hurricane Maria. The Democrats are embracing a House-passed relief bill containing hundreds of millions of dollars more for Puerto Rico than the GOP version, but it, too, failed to advance Monday as Republicans opposed it.

The vote on the GOP bill was 44 in favor and 49 against. The House Democratic bill failed on a vote of 46-to-48. Sixty votes were needed for either piece of legislation to advance.

It’s unclear how Congress and the administration will move forward to revive the emergency package, and the impasse risks indefinitely delaying disaster funding nationwide amid partisan sniping. Support for disaster aid is often bipartisan on Capitol Hill, but the dispute over this legislation has become increasingly bitter, despite the evident need.

Ahead of the vote, Republicans accused Democrats of holding up much-needed aid for victims of flooding in the Midwest, tornadoes in the South and volcanic eruptions in Hawaii, so they could use Puerto Rico as a political issue against the president.

“This is no time for our colleagues across the aisle to prioritize a political fight with the president ahead of the urgent needs of communities across our country,” Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) said on the Senate floor Monday. “This does not need to be a difficult partisan decision.”

Trump weighed in on Twitter earlier Monday in support of the legislation, which was written in part by Sen. David Perdue (R-Ga.), one of his closest allies in the Senate.

“Democrats should stop fighting Sen. David Perdue’s disaster relief bill. They are blocking funding and relief for our great farmers and rural America!” Trump wrote.

But Democrats are furious over Trump’s reluctance to send assistance to Puerto Rico, a stance the president has articulated in private meetings with aides and repeated last week in a closed-door lunch with Senate Republicans.

Trump contended in his meeting with Senate Republicans that Puerto Rico has gotten more disaster relief than many U.S. states. He cited a figure of $91 billion in aid, although that sum reflects an estimate of how much funding the island could receive over time and is more than twice as much as federal agencies have obligated or approved thus far.

“Republicans must remember that — just as we leave no soldier behind on the battlefield — we help our fellow Americans when there’s a disaster, wherever the disaster strikes. We do not abandon them. Period,” Minority Leader Charles E. Schumer (D-N.Y.) wrote in an opinion piece in the New York Daily News over the weekend. “The president and Senate Republicans’ actions on Puerto Rico can be described in only two words: cruel and nasty.”

Trump claimed last week that he has taken better care of Puerto Rico than any living human being. Puerto Rico’s governor, Ricardo Roselló, a Democrat, recently described Trump as a “bully” and threatened during an interview on CNN to punch him in the mouth.

Roselló has publicly called on Congress to approve House Democrats’ version of the bill — although without specifically opposing the Senate GOP version.

House Democrats’ bill does not include funding for the historic flooding that swept through Iowa, Nebraska and other Midwestern states in mid-March, as the measure was completed and passed in January. That gap has allowed Republicans to argue that their bill, which would make billions of dollars available to the Midwest, is the only piece of legislation that addresses the nation’s disaster needs in their totality.

Democrats, however, say they support adding Midwest flood aid to the House bill, and they tried to offer an amendment to do so Monday but were blocked by Republicans. As a number of Senate Democrats visit Iowa campaigning for president, some Republicans have argued that opposing major disaster aid for the state could be politically risky.

The emergency legislation, which has been pending in one form and another since last year, addresses disasters that have befallen the nation in the past couple years, among them: an earthquake in Alaska; volcanoes in Hawaii; California’s devastating wildfires; last year’s hurricanes that hit North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia and the central Northern Mariana islands; the 2017 hurricanes in Puerto Rico; tornadoes in Alabama and Georgia; and flooding in Iowa, Nebraska and other Midwestern states.

The congressional impasse has led to cuts of about 25 percent to the food-stamp benefits received in March by the 1.3 million Puerto Rico residents — 43 percent of the island’s population — who rely on the program. If Congress does not pass the funding soon, those people will again be forced to survive on the reduced food-stamp allocation.

The island’s government has also had to cut the size of a supplemental cash benefit to the food-stamp program that many elderly Puerto Ricans say they use to buy basic necessities, such as detergent and toothpaste.

Although Roselló says the food-stamp money is critical for Puerto Rico, he says other federal assistance is also necessary, such as funding for reconstruction projects and debris removal, and other measures that were included in House Democrats’ legislation.

The House-passed legislation also included $849 million in Environmental Protection Agency funding for Puerto Rico, as well as a measure that would ensure the Federal Emergency Management Agency picks up the tab for reconstruction projects on the island, as the federal government did after Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy.

In a letter in January, the Trump administration derided the extra EPA funding as “excessive” and worried the FEMA money would go to projects unrelated to the hurricane. It also initially opposed the extension of emergency food stamp aid as “excessive and unnecessary.”

The lack of funding for Puerto Rico comes as the U.S. territory grapples with a recession that has lasted over a decade and forced hundreds of thousands of people to flee to the states since Hurricane Maria made landfall. Maria caused upwards of $90 billion in damage to the island and killed thousands of people, while knocking out power for many of the island’s residents for months.

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Erica WernerErica Werner has worked at The Washington Post since 2017, covering Congress with a focus on economic policy. Previously, she worked at the Associated Press for more than 17 years. Follow

Jeff SteinJeff Stein is a policy reporter for The Washington Post. He was a crime reporter for the Syracuse Post-Standard and, in 2014, founded the local news nonprofit the Ithaca Voice in Upstate New York. He was also a reporter for Vox. Follow