October 22,
2008: U.S. SOCOM (Special Operations
Command) has ordered ten of the new
A160T Hummingbird UAVs. This is a new vehicle, that just completed about a
decade of development. Deliveries were not expected to begin until next year,
but SOCOM is getting its A160Ts by the end of the year.

The A160T
was developed as part of a U.S. Department of Defense effort to develop a
helicopter UAV that could stay in the air for over twelve hours at a time. The
most recent test had a A160T Hummingbird staying in the air for 18.7 hours, at
altitudes up to 15,000 feet, while carrying a 300 pound load (to simulate a
typical sensor package). This set a record for unmanned UAVs weighing between
half a ton and 2.5 tons. When the A160T landed, it still had 90 minutes worth
of fuel left. The first flight test of the Hummingbird Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
took place six years ago.

The A160T is
a small helicopter, able to fly under remote control or under its own
pre-programmed control. The three ton vehicle has a top speed of 255 kilometers
an hour, and was originally designed to operate for up to 40 hours carrying a
payload of 300 pounds. Max payload is over half a ton. Maximum altitude was to
be about 30,000 feet, and its advanced flight controls were to be capable of
keeping it airborne in weather that would ground manned helicopters.

The A160T
uses a commercial 300 horsepower automobile engine. This enables better control
over speed, since turbines must run at nearly the same speed all the time. A
piston engine can idle at 50 percent power. That control made the UAV better at
what helicopters do best, just stay in one place. But in addition, that long
endurance was to translate into 4,500 kilometers range. After the first flight
test, it was believed the aircraft might be ready for production by 2006. That
was too optimistic. Helicopters are complex beasts, and things take longer.

The
Hummingbird can also be armed, and one has been configured with stubby wings,
capable of carrying eight (hundred pounds each) Hellfire missiles. The U.S.
Navy is interested in the A160, because it can operate off any ship with a
helipad. SOCOM wants the A160T because it can hover, and because it is actually
very quiet. The chopper can deliver supplies to Special Forces teams at night,
as well as assist with intelligence gathering. Moreover, the A160T can carry
new sensor that can detect people moving through forests or thick bush below.
Most likely, the SOCOM A160Ts are headed for Afghanistan, where are plenty of
forests up in the mountains. Like other UAVs, the A160T carries the usual
assortment of day and night video cameras, plus laser rangefinder and laser
designator.

The A160 has
some competition in the RQ-8B Fire Scout, which can stay in the air for up to
eight hours at a time (five hour missions are more common), has a top speed of
230 kilometers an hour, and can operate over 200 kilometers from its controller
(on land, or a ship.) The RQ-8A is being
developed for use on smaller navy ships, as well as with army combat units.

The U.S.
Army version of the RQ-8A will be particularly useful supporting combat
operations in urban areas. Both the RQ-8A and the A160T carry day and night
cameras, GPS and targeting gear (laser range finders and designators). The RQ-8
is based on a two seat civilian helicopter (the Schweizer Model 333), and has a
maximum takeoff weight of 1.5 tons. With its rotors folded (for storage on
ships), the RQ-8 is 23 feet long and 9.4 feet high. Max payload is 600 pounds,
meaning it would probably carry hundred pound Hellfire, or 44 pound Viper
Strike missiles. Each RQ-8 UAV costs about $8 million (including a share of the
ground control equipment and some spares.) The flight control software enables
the RQ-8 to land and take off automatically. The A160T is expected to have
similar features, but cost at least 20 percent more. However, with this early
order from SOCOM, the A160T has an opportunity to gain valuable combat
experience. If the reviews are positive, the RQ-8A will lose market share to
the "combat proven" A160T..

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