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Tehran tour the capital city of Iran

Tehrān, also spelled Teheran, the
capital city of Iran and the centre of the province (ostān) of Tehrān,
located in north-central Iran at the foot of the Elburz mountain range.
Since its establishment as the capital city by Āghā Moḥammad Khān more
than 200 years ago, Tehrān has grown from a small city to a major
metropolis situated in an urban region of 12 million inhabitants, Tehrān
is Iran’s largest city and one of the most populous cities of the world
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Character of the city and tourism in Iran

With a dramatic topography reflective of its proximity to the highest peak in the country if you want to travel to Iran ask you tour leader to have Tehran tour
. Tehrān is Iran’s gateway to the outside world. Tehrān’s image abroad
was strongly influenced by the Iranian Revolution of the late 1970s. In
the last two decades of the 20th century, television screens and
newspaper articles around the world portrayed Tehrān as a deeply
religious city steeped in tradition, fighting against modernization and
Westernization. While the Iranian self-image is that of an ancient
people with a long history and a rich heritage, Tehrān challenges these
images, as the corporeal city is relatively young. Most buildings were
built after the mid-1960s, and half of the population is less than 27
years old; many of the city’s institutions are even younger This often
uneasy coexistence of old and new, of continuity and change, and a deep
social divide between rich and poor characterize the city, causing
vitality as well as tension and upheaval reflected in two revolutions
and many social movements during the 20th century

Landscape

City site

The centre of the city is on
latitude 35°41′ N and longitude 51°26′ E. Tehrān is located on the steep
southern slopes of the Elburz mountain range, which traces an arc along
the coast of the Caspian Sea in northern Iran. Its highest peak, Mount
Damāvand (Demavend), has an elevation of more than 18,400 feet (5,600
metres) and is visible from Tehrān on clear days. The highest point in
Iran, Damāvand is also higher than any other peak among the summits to
its west in Asia and Europe. Figuring prominently in Persian legend,
Damāvand holds for Iranians much the same significance as Mount Fuji
offers the Japanese. The symbolic significance of this site and its
location on the historic east-west trade route (Silk Road) have ensured
that this area has been the site of significant settlement for several
millennia. Towchāl ridge (12,904 feet [3,933 metres]), the site of a
popular ski and recreation site linked to the city by a series of cable
cars, dominates the city from the north, while the city’s southern
reaches extend toward Kavīr, a desert located in north-central Iran

The northernmost limits of the
city stand at about 5,600 feet (1,700 metres) above sea level and the
southernmost limits about 3,600 feet (1,100 metres). There is a
difference of about 2,000 feet (600 metres) between the northern heights
and the southern edges of the city, some 19 miles (30 km) away. This
dramatic difference in height and Tehrān’s location between mountains
and desert have had significant impacts on the social and physical
characteristics of the city

Climate

Tehrān has a hot, arid climate
shared by many parts of central Iran. Although the summer is very long,
the city enjoys four distinct seasons, and the Elburz mountain range
prevents the humidity of the Caspian Sea in the north from reaching the
city. The annual average temperature in Tehrān is 63 °F (17 °C), with an
average annual high of 73 °F (23 °C) and annual lows averaging about 53
°F (12 °C). Extreme temperatures can reach a maximum of 109 °F (43 °C)
in the summer and a minimum of 5 °F (−15 °C) in the winter. The city has
an average annual precipitation of about 10 inches (230 mm) and
experiences an average of 48 days of frost per year

Tehrān’s growing environmental
challenges include air, water, land, and noise pollution. Motor
vehicles, household fuel, and a concentration of industries generate
atmospheric pollution, which cannot be cleared away, because of the
effect of surrounding mountains and limited precipitation. For
two-thirds of the year, pollutants caused by fossil fuels are trapped
inside a dome of hot air. The north winds are not strong enough to
mobilize the polluted air, and the major winds, which blow from the
west, south, and southeast, bring with them more pollution from
industrial production in those areas

The juxtaposition of mountains
and desert has created diverse climatic conditions in the city and, as a
result, a diverse social geography. Historically, the city’s more
affluent population chose the northern foothills for their summer
residence, where trees were more plentiful and summers cooler than in
the south, which, being in the vicinity of the desert, experienced
hotter, dustier summers and featured fewer trees. In the 20th century,
as travel between the city and the suburbs became easier, the northern
heights became an integrated part of the city

City layout

Tehrān’s urban layout is marked
by a clear core-periphery distinction. The old core forms a small part
of the city, where a number of older buildings and institutions can be
found. Moṭaharī (formerly Sepahsālār) mosque and seminary, with its
domes and minarets, was the one of the most impressive buildings of the
city in the 19th century. The central bazaar, with miles of roofed
streets, domed trading halls, mosques, and caravanserais, remains a
tourist attraction as well as a centre of economic activity. Near the
bazaar and the city’s central park, the site of the old royal citadel is
now occupied by many central government buildings. Most of the business
activities and services are located in the old core and its northward
expansion, developed mainly between the 1860s and the 1940s. The city
core is surrounded by residential areas and growing suburbs. Older
residential areas are built in the traditional style of winding narrow
streets and cul-de-sacs leading to one- or two-story buildings around a
central courtyard; previously inhabited by a single family, some of the
larger homes in these older residential areas are now under the combined
pressure of multiple occupation by low-income and migrant households,
planning blight, and the expansion of commercial activity. By contrast,
newer residential areas consist of wider, straight streets and
outward-looking buildings of various heights with walled courtyards.
Despite a rich architectural heritage, a number of historical buildings
have suffered the effects of construction and expansion. Only a few
buildings were listed for conservation, though at the end of the 20th
century some 5,000 buildings of historical and architectural value had
been identified in the Bāzār (bazaar) and ʿŪdlājān (Oudlajan) districts
alone