A Guide to the Peter Gallagher Diary, 1841-1842

The Peter Gallagher Diary, 1841-1842,
contains a transcript of his diary kept during the Texan Santa Fé Expedition. The
diary describes the expedition party’s capture, imprisonment, and forced march to
Mexico and discusses the weather, sickness and death, camp locations, food supplies,
and activities engaged during the march.

Stonemason, merchant, and ranger, Peter Gallagher (1812-1878), immigrated to New
Orleans, Louisiana, from Ireland in 1829. In 1837, he moved to San Antonio, Texas,
where he worked as a stonemason until 1841. That year he joined the Texan Santa Fé
Expedition, which Texas President Mirabeau B. Lamar launched to establish a trade
route with Santa Fé and to join New Mexico with the Republic of Texas.

A party of 321 merchants and military soldiers embarked from Kenney’s Fort, Texas, on
June 19, 1841. Several problems hindered the progress of the expedition: following
the wrong river, desertion of their guide, harassment by American Indians, and
inadequate food and water supplies. After the return of a guide in August, the party
reached the Caprock of the Llano Estacado, bordering New Mexico and Texas, where
they separated the military companies to find a route through the high plains. A
guide was sent to the people left behind, but once they reached New Mexico, an army
awaited them. Forced to surrender, the party marched to Mexico City, where they were
imprisoned until April 1842.

After his release from prison, Gallagher joined the Texas Rangers. In 1846, he
entered the mercantile business in San Antonio before investing in real estate and
business in Mexico. From 1861 to 1864, he served as county judge of Bexar County,
and later Gallagher developed land in the Fort Stockton area.

The Peter Gallagher Diary, 1841-1842, contains a transcript of his diary kept during
the Texan Santa Fé Expedition. The diary describes the expedition party’s capture,
imprisonment, and forced march to Mexico and discusses the weather, sickness and
death, camp locations, food supplies, and activities engaged in during the march.

Basic processing and cataloging of this collection was supported with funds from the
National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) for the Briscoe
Center’s “History Revealed: Bringing Collections to Light project,” 2009-2011.