Selenomethionine contains 200 mcg of selenium bound to the amino acid methionine. It is a well-absorbed form of selenium.* A significant body of research supports its benefit in numerous situations, including heavy metal detoxification, healthy thyroid function, and support for oncology patients.*

L-lysine, an essential amino acid, cannot be synthesized in the body. Vegetarians can be deficient in lysine because, while meat, poultry, and milk are rich sources of lysine, proteins in grains and cereals are typically low in lysine.

Molybdenum has been identified as an essential trace element in humans, occurring as a cofactor in three important enzymatic reactions - xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase, and sulfite oxidase.

Vitamin A is essential for a healthy immune system.* It promotes a healthy GI mucosal barrier and supports the normal function of white blood cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer cells.

Potassium is a vitally important mineral in the cell.* Approximately 98 percent of the body's stores of potassium are within the cell. It is the ratio of intracellular-to-extracellular potassium that determines muscle cell excitability.

The combination of magnesium with citrate in Thorne's Magnesium Citrate offers an attractive combination for individuals with a propensity to have calcium oxalate and phosphate particles in their urine - thought to be about 10 percent of the U.S. male population.

UltraChrome is Thorne's patented chromium product, consisting of chromium arginate and chromium 4-oxopyridine, 2,6-dicarboxylate. Compared to other chromium compounds, including chromium picolinate, this combination of chromium chelates appears to have the highest bioavailability.

Magnesium CitraMate provides magnesium bound to citrate-malate for superior absorption.* Both magnesium and malic acid have been found to provide support to individuals with muscle tenderness and fatigue.

Echinacea angustifolia is well known in traditional botanical medicine for its benefit to the immune system.* Studies have demonstrated Echinacea's ability to activate natural killer (NK) cells and enhance the ability of other cell types to engulf foreign substances.*

CurcuVET™ is a unique, patented curcumin product available exclusively from Thorne Vet. For centuries people throughout Asia have benefited from the healthful effects of curcumin. Curcumin is the orange pigment in turmeric (the primary ingredient in curry) and is a potent antioxidant that offers numerous health benefits including for joint health, hepatic support, gastrointestinal health, and cardiovascular function - by helping to maintain the animal's normal inflammatory response.

Thorne's B-Complex #12 supplies 300 mcg of adenosylcobalamin, 300 mcg of methylcobalamin, as well as 200 mcg of folinic acid, 200 mcg 5-MTHF (both active forms of folate), and the bioactive forms of the other B vitamins in each capsule to ensure you get the most bioavailable B-complex available.

Research on trace minerals has demonstrated their importance in human health. Trace minerals are cofactors for most enzymes in the body and are essential for proper hormone and neurotransmitter function.

A unique combination of adaptogen botanicals and nutrients, Phytisone provides the nutritional support needed to optimize the adrenals' response to stress.* Astragalus membranaceus is used, typically in combination with ginseng, to promote energy and support immune function.*

Citramins contains all the essential minerals bound to citric acid, in a formula that includes copper and iron.* Besides providing a well-absorbed chelate, citric acid has potential health benefits of its own.