Ques1: Phosphorylation of RNA pol which are the roles of the phosphorylaton of C terminal Domain of RNA polymerase? (more than one may apply) 1. It increases the speed of transcription 2. It increase the specificity of the transcription process 3. It pauses transcription to allow for capping to occur 4. It facilitates termination of transcription

3? not too sure which else...

Ques 2: Which may not be consequences of RNA splicing 1. Insertion of amino acids in the protein sequence 2. Deletion of amino acids in the protein sequence 3. Substitution of amino acids in the protein sequence 4. Formation of chimeric proteins

maybe 4?

Ques 3: What are the potential outcome of RNA editing in terms of protein sequence? (more than one may apply)

I really do not understand the difference between the cis-acting sequences and trans-acting sequence. I read many definitions but is still not clear for me. Any idea of simple and easy explanation that I could understand?:D

Cis and trans-acting regulatory elements are in essence transcriptional regulators/promoter sequences that are categorized based on acting distance.

The lac operon in E.coli is a typical example of a cis-acting element. Promoter sequences that regulate expression of the genes contained within the operon are directly adjacent to the genes themselves.

Trans-acting elements on the other hand are in general not located in the immediate vicinity of the target genes, but can instead be proteins encoded on completely different regions and thus target genes and regulatory sequences (e.g. certain cis-elements) that are far away, hence the terms 'Trans' (=across) and 'Cis' (=on the same side) (sort of..).