diagnosis of exophthalmic goitre

He is best known for his description (1864) of “
Gräfe’s sign” for exophthalmic goitre—failure of the upper eyelid to follow the eyeball when looking downward. Among his writings is
Handbuch der gesammten Augenheilkunde, 7 vol. (1874–80; “Manual of Comprehensive Ophthalmology”).