Egg shell as face powder (related literature)Eggshells are composed of around 95% calcium carbonate, a mineral that is very important for industry, nutrition and agriculture. There are many studies trying to find new ways to utilize this resource and their natural absorbent properties, as in treating cadmium in wastewater.

So, never toss out those egg shells. They’re not garbage, but can be very useful around the house and yard. They also help to save you money by replacing many expensive, toxic chemical products you might have normally used otherwise.

Most good quality eggshells from commercial layers contain approximately 2.2 grams of calcium in the form of calcium carbonate. About 95% of the dry eggshell is calcium carbonate weighing 5.5 grams. The average eggshell contains about 0.3% phosphorous, 0.3% magnesium, and traces of sodium, potassium, zinc, manganese, iron and copper. If the calcium from the shell is removed, the organic matrix material is left behind. This organic material has calcium binding properties, and its organization during shell formation influences the strength of the shell. The organic material must be deposited so that the size and organization of the crystalline components (mostly calcium carbonate) are ideal, thus leading to a strong shell. The majority of the true shell is composed of long columns of calcium carbonate. There are other zones that are involved in the self-organization giving the eggshell its strength properties. Thus, shell thickness is the main factor, but not the only factor, that determines strength. At present, dietary manipulation is the primary means of trying to correct eggshell quality problems. However, the shell to organic membrane relationship is also critical to good shell quality and must be considered.

An eggshell that is smooth is desirable, as rough-shelled eggs fracture more easily. Large eggs will usually break more easily than small ones. The main reason for this is that the hen is genetically capable of placing only a finite amount of calcium in the shell. As the hen ages and the eggs get bigger, a similar amount of calcium has to be spread over a larger surface. Therefore, controlling the rate of egg weight change can influence eggshell quality as the hen ages. Controlling feed intake by changing the temperature inside the layer house influences egg size. It must be remembered that many factors can influence the amount of calcium being laid down by the hen. Just because an eggshell is thick does not necessarily mean that it is strong. Sometimes a thinner eggshell is stronger than a thicker eggshell. The reason for this is due to the shape and organization of the organic and inorganic components of the shell.

Usually, eggshell quality is not as much of a problem in cooler environments as it is in hot environments. One of the contributing factors causing poorer eggshell quality in hot weather is hens not consuming adequate feed. This can lead to problems in body weight, egg production, egg size, and eggshell quality if measures are not taken to assure adequate daily nutrient and energy consumption. When environmental temperature becomes excessively hot, feed intake decreases, and energy becomes the first limiting factor to the hen. Inadequate consumption of amino acids, calcium, phosphorus, and other nutrients can usually be corrected by adjusting the nutrient density of the diet. However, it must not be forgotten that in hot weather, unlike cooler weather, the laying hen has to make critical life sustaining physiological adjustments in order to cope with the increased environmental temperature.

The laying hen, through panting, resists the rise in body temperature during periods of heat stress. At the same time, the acid-base balance in the bird's blood is changed. We sometimes forget that the laying hen has to cool her body in extremely hot environments and this will shift her physiological priorities from producing eggs and maintaining an...

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...the study
Scope and limitations
Definition of terms
Materials
CHAPTER II Review and Related Literature
CHAPTER III Methodology
CHAPTER IV Result and discission
CHAPTER V Conclusion & Recommendation
CHAPTER VI Bibliograph
Chapter I : Introduction
-Background of the Study-
As of now, our country is facing a great crisis in economy. The researcher found out that in school, they required using of chalk (commercial) to use it on the board. So, the researcher decided to make a chalk which is very affordable and can give an equal quality as the commercial can.
-Statement of the problem-
a) Can eggshells be an alternative source in making a chalk?
-Hypothesis
-a) Eggshells can't be an alternative source in making a chalk.
-b) Eggshells can be an alternative source in making a chalk.
-Significance of the Study
-This study can give benefits to the people specially to the poor once, to have a good business and also to save a money for their other needs. Specially in schools, it will give a benefit to the teachers.
-Scope and Limitations-
This study is only limited for the investigation of Eggshsells(Gallus Domesticus) used as alternative source for chalk making. The researcher chose this study for further investigation if the eggshells can be an effective source for chalk.
-Definition of terms-
a)Chicken Eggshells - The cell of a chicken egg is made up or about 94% calcium carbonate,1% magnesium...

...
SY 2012 – 2013
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
In Chemistry
“Eggshell as Chalk”
i
Table of Contents
Title Page……………………………………………………………………….…i
Table of Contents…………………………..………………………………….…ii
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………..iv
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………v
Chapter I: Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….1
Statement of the problem………………………………………………
Hypothesis……………………………………………………………………..
Significance of the study…………………………………………………
scope and limitation………………………………………………………….
definition of terms……………………………………………….
Chapter II: Related Literature……………………………………………………………………………
Chapter III: Methodology..................................................................................
Chapter IV: Results and Discussions………………..……………………………..
Chapter V: Summary and Findings………………………………………………………………..
Conclusion and Recommendation…………………………………
Appendices………………………………………………………….
Bibliography……………………………………………………….
Curriculum Vitae…………………………………………………..
ii
Acknowledgement
This study could not have been possible without the guidance and help
of several individuals who contributed and extended their most appreciated efforts and valuable time in the preparation and completion of the research.
First and foremost, the researchers...

...EGGSEggs are laid by females of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, and have been eaten by mankind for thousands of years.[1] Bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes. Popular choices for egg consumption are chicken, duck, quail, roe, and caviar, but theegg most often consumed by humans is the chicken egg, by a wide margin.
Egg yolks and whole eggs store significant amounts of protein and choline,[2][3] and are widely used in cookery. Due to their protein content, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) categorizes eggs as Meats within the Food Guide Pyramid.[2] Despite the nutritional value of eggs, there are some potential health issues arising from egg quality, storage, and individual allergies.
Chickens and other egg-laying creatures are widely kept throughout the world, and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. In 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens.[4] There are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass...

...Eggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, and have been eaten by humans for thousands of years.[1] Bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes. Popular choices for egg consumption are chicken, duck, quail, roe, and caviar, but the egg most often consumed by humans is the chicken egg.
Bird eggs have been valuable foodstuffs since prehistory, in both hunting societies and more recent cultures where birds were domesticated. The chicken was probably domesticated for its eggs from jungle fowl native to tropical and subtropical Southeast Asia and India before 7500 BCE. Chickens were brought to Sumer and Egypt by 1500 BCE, and arrived in Greece around 800 BCE, where the quail had been the primary source of eggs.[5] In Thebes, Egypt, the tomb of Haremhab, built about 1420 BCE, shows a depiction of a man carrying bowls of ostrich eggs and other large eggs, presumably those of the pelican, as offerings.[6] In ancient Rome, eggs were preserved using a number of methods, and meals often started with an egg course.[6] The Romans crushed the shells in their plates to prevent evil spirits from hiding there.[7] In the...

...Stefania Piacentini 12/14/12, period 3
THE DARK HALF
Stephen King
Horror novel
Written Response 3
Some essential things about the novel:
TIME PERIOD: 1960s
GEOGRAPHY: The protagonist lives in Maine, with his wife and their two twin sons.
The main character of this novel is Thad Beaumont, at the beginning of the book he is just eleven years old and one morning when he was going to school he had a seizure. Fortunately the bus driver of the school bus that he used to take to go to school arrived just in time to save him and to take him to the hospital with the mother of the little boy. When they arrived at the hospital the doctor took him to the surgery room because they thought that he had a brain tumor. During the surgery a surgeon found something really strange in his brain: nails, eye bowls, and pieces of human body. None of the surgeons in the room had ever seen anything like that before.
Plot summary Thad Beaumont is an author and recovering alcoholic who lives in the town of Ludlow, Maine. Thad's own books – cerebral literary fiction – are not very successful. However, under the pen name "George Stark", he writes highly successful crime novels about a violent killer named Alexis Machine. When Thad's authorship of Stark's novels becomes...

...Calculate the percent composition of Calcium carbonate in eggshell
Equipment:
Pestel
Mortar
Conical flask
Eggshell
Measuring cylinder
Balance
Hydrochloric acid (1 mol/dm cube)
Sodium hydroxide (1 mol/ dm cube)
Pipette
Burette
Clamp
Beaker
Phenolphthalein
Safety:
Wear eye goggle during an experiment because of the strong hydrochloric acid
In case, if there is an acid contact your skin, quickly wash your skin with water
Pour acid on body level so it does not interact with you face
Independence variable:
Mass of eggshell: we can use different mass of eggshell to find our result
Dependence variable:
Purity of calcium carbonate in eggshell
Controlled variable:
Concentration of Hydrochloric acid
Uncertainty and error:
Measuring cylinder scale is plus minus 0.08 cm cube
Eggshell may have little bit of membrane which effect weight
Little bit of eggshell may not all dissolve
Our vision while pouring or recording data
Eggshell may contain some water
Collecting data
Take off eggshell and clean it with water
Take off egg membrane that attach in the inner shell
Dry it using tissue paper or dryer
Put it in mortar and slowly crush it with pastel
Weigh them with a...

...To determine the percentage by mass of Calcium carbonate in an eggshell
Aim: is to find and work out the percentage of calcium carbonate by mass in eggshells by using acid base “back titration” Introduction:
Calcium Carbonate, CaCO₃, is a compound which is polymorphic and therefore means that it can be found in a variety of different objects or organisms. For example: Rocks (limestone,calcite), sea snail shells, Eggshells, pearls and many more.
This investigation will focus on finding out the percentage mass of calcium carbonate in a given amount of eggshell, it can also be used to determine the calcium carbonate in limestone rock or sea shells and also help people sell the right eggs.
In this investigation a process called “back titration” will be used to find the concentration of a reactant by reacting it with an excess amount of another reactant.
In this case an unknown volume of calcium carbonate in eggshells reacts with an excess of hydrochloric acid so that it is sure that a reaction is occurring. The excess HCl is then diluted because of the eggshell with a drop of phenolphthalein added and is then titrated in aliquots with sodium hydroxide solution.
This is the reaction for determining the excess of HCl:
2HCl (aq) + CaCO3(s) -→ Ca2+ (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) + 2Cl- (aq)
Materials:
eggshell...

...﻿The Satyam Computer Services scandal was a corporate scandal that occurred in India in 2009 where chairman Ramalinga Raju confessed that the company's accounts had been falsified. The Global corporate community was shocked and scandalised when the chairman of Satyam, Ramalinga Raju resigned on 7 January 2009 and confessed that he had manipulated the accounts by US$1.47-Billion.
Contents
[hide]
1 Role of Auditors
2 Aftermath
3 New CEO and special advisors
4 Acquisition by Mahindra Group
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Role of Auditors[edit source | editbeta]
PricewaterhouseCoopers was the statutory auditor of Satyam Computer Services when the report of scandal in the account books of Satyam Computer Services was broke out. The Indian arm of PwC was fined $6 million by US Securities and Exchange Commission for not following the code of conduct and auditing standards while pursuing its duties while auditing the accounts of Satyam Computer Services.[1]
Aftermath[edit source | editbeta]
Ramalingam Raju along with 2 other accused of the scandal, had been granted bail from Supreme court on 4 November 2011 as the investigation agency CBI failed to file the chargesheet even after more than 33 months Raju being arrested.
Raju had appointed a task force to address the Maytas situation in the last few days before revealing the news of the accounting fraud. After the scandal broke, the then-board members elected Ram Mynampati to be Satyam's interim CEO....