Rectangular waveguides loaded by anisotropic metamaterials
are analyzed to assess the controllability of transmission
characteristics of the involved electromagnetic waves. Dispersion
relations of modes in the metamaterial-loaded waveguide
(MLW) are theoretically investigated. It is shown that all propagating
modes (the forward wave, the backward wave and the
evanescent wave) in the MLW can be realized below the cut-off
frequency by changing transverse and longitudinal components
of permeability tensors of the loading metamaterials. Numerical
simulations are carried out to verify the proposed theory and
the controllability. Transmission characteristics and effective
constitutive parameters of three MLWs with different cells, which
should theoretically support forward waves, backward waves and
evanescent waves, respectively, are numerically calculated. Dispersion curves and magnetic field distribution for the backward wave MLW and the forward wave MLW are simulated. It is shown that
the simulated results are in a good agreement with theoretical predictions. Implementation of the controllable MLW was achieved
by using axially rotating control rods. Rotating the control rods
can reconfigure the metamaterial and make propagating modes
in the MLW switch from backward waves to forward waves or
evanescent waves.

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