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Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership: First Report . Washington, DC: The National Academies Press,
2005 .

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Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership: First Report
REVIEW OF THE
RESEARCH PROGRAM OF THE
FreedomCAR AND
Fuel Partnership
FIRST REPORT
Committee on Review of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Research Program, Phase 1
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems
Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
Transportation Research Board
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu

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Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership: First Report
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report and the study on which it is based were supported by Contract No. DE-AT01-04IG01153, Task Order No. 2, between the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Academy of Sciences. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number: 0-309-09730-4 (Book)
International Standard Book Number: 0-309-65277-4 (PDF)
Available in limited supply from:
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems
National Research Council
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Washington, DC 20001
202-334-3344
Additional copies are available for sale from: The
National Academies Press
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Copyright 2005 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America

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Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership: First Report
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org

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Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership: First Report
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Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership: First Report
Acknowledgments
The committee wishes to thank members of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, all of whom contributed a significant amount of their time and effort to this National Research Council (NRC) study by giving presentations at meetings, responding to requests for information, or providing valuable information. In addition, the chair wishes to recognize the committee members and the National Academies staff for their hard work in organizing and planning committee meetings and their individual efforts in gathering information and writing sections of the report.
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
William G. Agnew (NAE), General Motors Corporation (retired),
Paul Blumberg, Independent Consultant,
Andrew Brown, Jr. (NAE), Delphi Corporation,
Robert Epperly, Epperly Associates,
Norman Gjostein (NAE), Ford Motor Company (retired),
James G. Hansel, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.,

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Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership: First Report
Thomas M. Jahns, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Trevor O. Jones (NAE), Biomec, Inc.,
Fritz R. Kalhammer, Electric Power Research Institute (retired),
Robert J. Nowak, Consultant,
William F. Powers (NAE), Ford Motor Company (retired),
Richard J. Robbins (NAE), The Robbins Group LLC, and
Daniel Sperling, University of California, Davis.
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by William H. Press (NAS) and Maxine L. Savitz (NAE). Appointed by the National Research Council, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.

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Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership: First Report
1-3
Fuel economy of the U.S. automotive and light truck fleet for model years 1978 to 2002,
21
2-1
Analysis domains for systems analysis efforts by the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership,
30
2-2
Overview of the systems analysis activity,
31
2-3
FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership as a framework for communication,
43
3-1
Technical areas and relative funding for the ACEC activity, FY04,
55
3-2
Status of hydrogen storage technologies relative to targets,
69
5-1
FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership funding for FY05,
103
5-2
Distribution of funding for hydrogen technology and fuel cell activities for FY05 by RD&D category,
106