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RESULTS: Thirty-six cases of AM out of a total of 500 melanomas (7.2%) were collected.

The diagnostic delay did not differ between amelanotic and pigmented melanomas, nor between nodular AM and nodular pigmented melanomas.

CONCLUSION: The great prevalence of clinical and histological nodular cases, the higher mean Breslow thickness (considered as the most important factor of prognosis) of AM compared with a not significant greater diagnostic delay may point out that a good percentage of AM have an intrinsic faster speed of growth with a worse prognosis irrespectively of the diagnostic performance.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Completely amelanotic melanomas are rare and therefore often misclassified, with tragic consequences for patients.

We present a case of "true" amelanoticmelanoma on the forehead of an 89-year-old man, which clinically mimicked squamous cell carcinoma.

The dermoscopic diagnostic algorithms routinely used for pigmented lesions are not helpful in diagnosing amelanoticmelanoma because they are based on specific parameters not normally seen in amelanotic lesions.

In the light of our experience, pattern analysis is the most reliable method for diagnosing these particular lesions correctly because it allows in-depth morphologic analysis of the few parameters found.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Irradiation of B78H1 murine amelanoticmelanoma cells with 850 nm light emitted from a Ti:sapphire laser, operated in a pulsed mode at high fluence rates and in the presence of Ni(II)-octabutoxy-naphthalocyanine (NiNc), promoted a photothermally sensitised process leading to fast and irreversible cell death.

Very similar results were obtained upon irradiation of NiNc-loaded C32 human amelanoticmelanoma cells and transformed murine HT-1080 and HaCaT fibroblasts.

From these results, photothermal sensitisation appears to be a general phenomenon and preliminary studies with mice bearing subcutaneously transplanted amelanotic melanomas, irradiated with 850 nm light 24 h after intravenous injection of NiNc, suggest that this approach has potential for the therapy of some types of skin tumours.

After the initial examination in the outpatient wound healing clinic, a malignant melanoma already showing invasive growth with a penetration depth of 4.6 mm was detected in a biopsy.

Ulcerated and amelanotic melanomas still present a considerable clinical challenge due to the likelihood of being mistaken for benign diseases and the occurrence of filiae when diagnosis is made too late.

This case report demonstrates the importance of differential diagnostic consideration of neoplasias, for example malignant melanoma, in cases of unclear, therapy-refractory wounds and discusses the relevant aspects in avoiding an unnecessary prolongation of diagnostics.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Uveal melanoma (UM) is uncommon among wild type mice.

Efforts to develop transgenic mice to study this disease have resulted in pigmented tumors derived from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) or mixed tumors of RPE and UM complicating the study of UM specifically.

CONCLUSIONS: Even though some dermoscopic patterns are useful in the recognition of pyogenic granulomas, dermoscopy is not a substitute for histology, mostly when vessels are present, as melanoma cannot be ruled out.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) for uveal melanomas. Long term results of a single TTT with an adapter for a conventional infrared laser].

PATIENTS AND METHOD: Among 18 eyes, 10 tumors were classified as small, and 8 as medium sized (with a maximum prominence of 5.6 mm): 5 melanomas had a juxtapapillary location, 6 a macular (or juxtamacular) location, and 7 were located in the midperiphery of the fundus.

We sought to develop and evaluate a diagnostic scoring system, the reticular point of view, to distinguish common melanocytic nevus from dysplastic nevus and from melanoma.

Regarding the diagnosis of melanoma, only the presence of large holes, areas of abrupt cut off, and linear extensions revealed statistical significance.

It is not applicable in nodular, thick, and amelanotic melanomas that are usually lacking in pigment network.

CONCLUSION: Although pattern analysis represents the most effective analytical method in dermatoscopy, our scoring system may be useful to distinguish between benign lesions, which need only clinical follow-up, and malignant lesions, which need surgical excision.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Dimeric analogs of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) labeled with radiometals are potential candidates for diagnosis and therapy of melanoma by receptor-mediated tumor targeting.

Both melanotic and amelanotic melanomas (over-)express the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1-R), the target for alpha-MSH.

In the past, dimerized MSH analogs have been shown to display increased receptor affinity compared to monomeric MSH, offering the possibility of improving the ratio between specific uptake of radiolabeled alpha-MSH by melanoma and nonspecific uptake by the kidneys.

In vitro, all three peptides were more potent ligands of the mouse B16-F1 melanoma cell melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1-R) than DOTA-NAPamide, which served as standard.

Using human HBL melanoma cells, the binding activity of diHexa(NC-NC)-Gly-Lys(DOTA)-amide was sixfold higher than that of DOTA-NAPamide.

It appears that despite the higher affinity to the MC1-R of the peptide dimers and their excellent internalization in vitro, the uptake by melanoma tumors in vivo was lower, possibly because of reduced tissue penetration.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] HMB-45 may be a more sensitive maker than S-100 or Melan-A for immunohistochemical diagnosis of primary oral and nasal mucosal melanomas.

BACKGROUND: Primary mucosal melanomas (MMs) of the head and neck are a rare entity.

Melanomas with characteristic melanin-pigmented tumor cells are easy to diagnose, but those without melanin-pigmented tumor cells, amelanotic melanomas, are difficult to identify and need immunohistochemistry (IHC) to confirm the final diagnosis.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Primary amelanoticmelanoma of the vagina.

BACKGROUND: Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina is extremely rare, accounting for 0.3-0.8% of all malignantmelanomas.

True amelanotic vaginal melanoma showing no melanin on histological examination is exceedingly rare, accounting for only 2% of all vaginal melanomas.

CASE REPORT: We describe a 31-year-old female patient who presented with locally advanced amelanoticmelanoma of the vagina, with no evidence of metastatic spread on the computerized tomography (CT) scan, but who was subsequently diagnosed as suffering from metastatic disease by positron emission tomography (PET)-CT performed a few weeks following posterior pelvic exenteration.

CONCLUSION: Specific immunohistochemical staining with melanoma markers should be performed to confirm or exclude a diagnosis of amelanoticmelanoma in all patients presenting with a vaginal mass composed of undifferentiated epithelioid malignant cells.

Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET-CT should be performed as part of the preoperative evaluation, to identify the presence or absence of metastatic disease in all patients with vaginal melanoma.

[Publication-country] Italy

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Cecal amelanoticmelanoma].

[Transliterated title]Melanoma amelanótico en ciego.

Subsequently, we confirmed the presence of red blood in stools, like enterorrhagia and underwent a colonoscopy, in which two elevated lesions were found in the cecum: a pedunculated (with active bleeding, oozing) and other sessile; both were removed. the pathology showed that corresponded to amelanoticmelanoma in cecal region.

Physical examination revealed no malignant skin lesions.

We report this case, because gastrointestinal bleeding is an unusual clinical presentation of malignant melanoma.

[MeSH-major] Cecal Neoplasms / pathology. Melanoma / pathology

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize a murine model of spontaneous amelanoticmelanoma arising in the uvea of transgenic mice bearing a targeted deletion of the Ink4a/Arf tumor suppressor locus (exons 2 and 3) and expressing human H-ras controlled by the human tyrosinase promoter.

RESULTS: Uveal melanomas were locally invasive but confined to the eye, with no evidence of metastasis.

The retinal pigment epithelium was intact above small melanomas, and electron microscopy of the tumors failed to show the presence of basement membrane formation or desmosomes.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Uveal melanoma research has benefited from xenograft models, but engineered mouse models of spontaneous uveal amelanoticmelanoma will undoubtedly further our understanding of the genetic underpinning for this disease.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Melanoma metastasizing to the lungs is common, but primary pulmonary or pleural melanoma is extremely rare.

We present an autopsy case of malignant melanoma of the pleura without primary skin lesion in a 49-year-old man.

At autopsy, a yellow-white tumor located primarily in the right visceral pleura (diagnosed as an amelanoticmelanoma) was found to have invaded into the right lung, right parietal pleura, and right diaphragm, and to have metastasized into the left lung and visceral pleura, thyroid, and left adrenal gland.

Immuno-histochemical examination for S100 and HMB-45 would thus appear to be useful for the diagnosis of an amelanoticmelanoma.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

DIAGNOSIS: The autopsy revealed that he was affected by two malignant neoplasms simultaneously: an amelanoticmalignant melanoma metastasizing into a localized renal cell carcinoma.

This is the third reported case of a malignant melanoma as donor tumor spreading into a renal cell carcinoma.

The amelanotic character of the melanoma exerted a special diagnostic challenge.

Clinical and autopsy findings as well as the immunophenotypical features of the metastatic amelanoticmelanoma (HMB-45, Melan-A/MART-1, S100) and the renal cell carcinoma are described with a review of the relevant literature.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] CDKN2A and MC1R analysis in amelanotic and pigmented melanoma.

Amelanoticmelanoma (AM) is a rare subtype of melanoma with little or no clinically visible pigment; it is more difficult to diagnose than pigmented melanoma (PM), and has a worse prognosis.

In the attempt to find a genetic explanation for the distinction between AM and PM, we conducted a case-case study, matching AM and PM patients, and testing them for germline mutations in high- (p16INK4A, p14ARF, CDK4) and low-penetrance (MC1R) melanoma susceptibility genes.

Similar CDKN2A mutations were found in both sets of melanomas.

A p14ARF splice germline mutation was detected for the first time in an Italian family with AM.

This rare mutation, which has been described only once previously, may be involved in predisposition to the amelanotic phenotype in combination with germline MC1R variants and coordinate somatic expression of pigmentation genes and their regulators.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

We report 2 cases of collision tumors involving amelanoticmalignant melanoma of the back.

Subsequent excision showed that the lesion was largely composed of amelanoticmelanoma underlying a relatively small and thin basal cell carcinoma, and this probably would have been demonstrated in a punch (rather than shave) biopsy.

The other patient is a 71-yr-old male with a 1 cm exophytic lesion on the back, which was determined microscopically to be melanoma, and a 0.6 cm papule on the back.

This lesion was composed of 2 distinct contiguous neoplastic infiltrates, the predominant component being an atypical fibroxanthoma and the smaller component an amelanoticmelanoma (primary vs metastatic), with diagnostic confirmation requiring multiple immunohistochemical stains.

Clinical examination showed a pedunculated and ulcerated amelanotic tumour associated with three other nodules, 1 cm in diameter, localized in the vulval mucosa.

DISCUSSION: Nine cases of amelanoticmalignant melanoma have been reported in the literature.

Anorectal melanoma is most common in the rectum, followed by the anal canal.

Our case is the tenth case of amelanotic anorectal melanoma and probably corresponds to multiple synchronous primary melanomas of the anorectal region and the vulva, with the possibility that one of the lesions is a primary melanoma and the others are satellite lesions.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

BACKGROUND: Malignant melanoma of the rhinobasal mucosa is very rare and makes up less than one percent of all malignantmelanomas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective quality assessment, we analysed the charts of fifteen consecutive patients suffering from malignant melanoma of the skull base who where treated in our department since 1993.

Thus, melanoma was an accidental finding of a biopsy or sinus surgery in most patients, including all cases with amelanoticmelanoma.

In these patients the disease specific survival was slightly better than in patients treated with surgery only.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] The in vivo efficacy of phthalocyanine-nanoparticle conjugates for the photodynamic therapy of amelanoticmelanoma.

The efficiency of a Zn(II)-phthalocyanine disulphide (C11Pc), a compound with both phthalocyanine units bearing seven hexyl chains and a sulphur terminated C11 chain, as a photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent was investigated in C57 mice bearing a sub-cutaneously transplanted amelanoticmelanoma.

Biodistribution studies at selected post-injection times showed that the nanoparticle-associated C11Pc was recovered in significantly larger amounts from all the examined tissues and the serum and yielded a greater selectivity of tumour targeting: thus, the ratio between the amount of phthalocyanine recovered from the amelanoticmelanoma and the skin (peritumoural tissue) increased from 2.3 to 5.5 from the free to the gold nanoparticle-bound C11Pc at 24 h after injection.

PDT studies with the C11Pc-loaded amelanoticmelanoma showed a markedly more significant response of the tumour in the mice that had received the nanoparticle-bound photosensitiser; the PDT effect was especially extensive if the irradiation was performed at 3h after C11Pc injection when large phthalocyanine amounts were still present in the serum.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

In this work we tried to estimate the role of mitochondria in the ability of cells of two: melanotic and amelanotic transplantable melanoma lines to undergo spontaneous and camptothecin-induced apoptosis.

The results of our investigations showed in both transplantable melanoma cells the features indicating apoptosis: DeltaPsi changes, cytochrome c release and PARP cleavage, but the degree of observed changes depended on the phenotype of melanoma cells examined.

After camptothecin treatment the changes were more pronounced in the amelanoticmelanoma cells- the more aggressive line.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The management of choroidal melanoma involves a delicate balance between preserving vision and preventing metastasis.

Transpupillary thermotherapy avoids these side-effects; however, it can also result in visual loss and its effectiveness is limited in amelanotic lesions.

Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin has shown promise in animal studies of choroidal melanoma, and has recently been used in the management of lesions that have failed to respond to conventional therapy.

The authors report a case of primary treatment of a small choroidal amelanoticmelanoma with photodynamic therapy using verteporfin.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Antiproliferative effects of essential oils and their major constituents in human renal adenocarcinoma and amelanoticmelanoma cells.

Antiproliferative activity was tested on amelanoticmelanoma C32 cells and on renal cell adenocarcinoma cells, using the sulphorhodamine B assay.

RESULTS: Cupressus sempervirens ssp. pyramidalis leaf oil exerted the highest cytotoxic activity with an IC(50)value of 104.90 microg/mL against C32, followed by activity of P. orientalis and P. asperula on the renal adenocarcinoma cell line (IC(50) of 121.93 and 139.17 microg/mL, respectively). P. orientalis essential oil was also active against amelanoticmelanoma with an IC(50) of 330.04 microg/mL.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] The activity of caspases in spontaneous and camptothecin-induced death of melanotic and amelanoticmelanoma cell.

Loss of pigment in hamster amelanoticmelanoma line is accompanied by a faster growth rate, higher tumorigenicity and shorter animal survival time.

Thus, the malignancy of melanoma increases during the alteration of melanotic (Ma) into amelanotic (Ab) line.

As changes in the ability to undergo a spontaneous or induced apoptosis, and the role of caspases in this process during melanoma progression are not well defined, they were investigated in this work.

Cytochrome c release into cytosol, and the activation of effector caspases, estimated by PARP degradation clearly showed that during the spontaneous death in the cells from both melanoma lines intrinsic way of apoptosis was activated.

Confocal and cytometric flow analyses indicate that camptothecin (CPT) induced apoptosis with caspase activation by the intrinsic way only in the amelanoticmelanoma cells, even though cells of the Ma line also underwent CPT-induced apoptosis (the content of TUNEL-positive cells increased).

Thus, our results suggest that melanoma progression, associated with a decreased ability to undergo spontaneous apoptosis but an increased susceptibility to CPT-induced apoptosis, relates to different levels of caspase activation; they also show that intrinsic way of apoptotis depends on the phenotype of melanoma cells, being more pronounced in the melanotic melanoma cells.

On the other hand, melanotic melanoma cells resistance to camptothecin-induced apoptosis suggests that the melanogenic apparatus or melanin itself may have the protective effect on the ability of the melanoma cells to undergo apoptosis.

We report a case of recurrent amelanoticmelanoma to highlight its varied cytomorphologic features, which may cause diagnostic problems on cytologic and on histologic examinations.

A cytologic diagnosis of pleomorphic malignant tumor was suggested, and the original histologic slides were reviewed; they showed a striking alveolar pattern that vaguely resembled an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Spontaneous apoptosis of melanotic and amelanoticmelanoma cells in different phases of cell cycle: relation to tumor growth.

Since the spontaneous alteration of native melanotic (Ma) into amelanotic (Ab) transplantable melanoma line it has been observed that this alteration is accompanied by the acceleration of growth of Ab line.

The obtained results showing that in the native melanotic line about 30% of cells are in S+G2/M phases and that 33% of these cells undergo apoptosis could lead to the conclusion that the slower growth of this melanoma line is the result of lower proliferation activity and higher rate of apoptosis of these tumor cells.

The number of cells in S+G2/M phases in amelanoticmelanoma line increases up to 40% and only 7% of them undergo apoptosis.

This observation seems to suggest that the expansive growth of this melanoma line depends mainly on the decreased ability to undergo spontaneous apoptosis, especially in case of cells from S+G2/M phases.

Moreover, the obtained results indicate that alteration of melanotic line into amelanotic one, accompanied by differences in many biological features also concerns basic cell processes such as cell cycle and cell death.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Effusion cytomorphology and immunocytochemistry of malignant melanoma: five cases of melanotic melanoma and one case of amelanoticmelanoma.

Effusion cytological analyses of amelanoticmalignant melanoma (AMM) are very rare and no concise description of AMM related cytomorphologic features using effusion have been reported.

Here, we report the cytomorphological, immunohistochemical, and immunocytochemical findings in the effusion cytology of six cases of malignant melanoma (MM), one case of AMM, and five cases of melanotic malignant melanoma.

With regard to the immunohistochemistry findings, all six cases of melanoma were positive for Melan-A/MART-1, HBME-1, and S-100.

In the immunohistochemistry analyses, five of six cases of melanoma were positive for WT-1, as was the AMM specimen.

Furthermore, because the effusion analysis of malignant mesothelioma proved positive for WT-1, it should be noted that WT-1 effusion analysis is not an appropriate means to distinguish between MM and malignant mesothelioma.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Increased level of p27 subunit of proteasomes and its co-localization with tyrosinase in amelanoticmelanoma cells indicate its direct role in the regulation of melanin biosynthesis.

Proteasomes have been shown to be involved in the regulation of melanin biosynthesis in melanoma cells.

Here we report on the correlation between proteasome subunits and Tyrosinase (Tyr) activity in different cell phenotypes, and thereby regulation of melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells.

Our results indicated that the quantity of proteasome subunit p27 is higher and that of the enzyme Tyr and its activity are lower in amelanoticmelanoma cells, while the reverse is true in melanotic melanoma cells.

Proteasome subunit p27, compared to another subunit p31, shows increased co-localization with Tyr and Tyrosinase related protein 1 (Trp1) in amelanotic cells to a greater extent than that in melanotic cells.

On exposure to cycloheximide, increased Tyr degradation was seen in amelanotic cells, as indicated by increased co-localization of p27 and Tyr.

Further, exposure of amelanoticmelanoma cells with proteasome-specific inhibitor MG132 resulted in an increased Tyr activity, increased levels of Tyr and Trp1, leading to increased melanin synthesis.

These results therefore suggest that proteasomes, particularly p27 subunit, are directly involved in the regulation of melanin biosynthesis in mouse melanoma cells.

A simple model distinguishing melanomas from all nonmelanomas had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 56% in the test set.

A model distinguishing all malignant lesions from benign lesions had a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 37%.

Conclusion Although the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy for melanoma lacking significant pigment is inferior to that of more pigmented lesions, features distinguishing the former from benign lesions can be visualized on dermoscopic evaluation.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Amelanoticmalignant melanoma in the oral region is extremely rare and has not previously been reported in the parotid gland.

This present case report describes an amelanoticmalignant melanoma in the parotid gland, with no other primary lesion detectable.

Amelanoticmalignant melanoma is a melanoma subtype with little or no pigmentation and, because of this lack of pigmentation and its wide-ranging clinical appearance, it often defies clinical diagnosis.

Where it is suspected, positive expression of S-100 protein and human melanoma black 45(HMB45) using immunohistochemical analysis can be considered reliable methods of confirming diagnosis.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title]Amelanoticmalignant melanoma where primary lesion was discovered 5 years after metastasis in the lymph node.

He was diagnosed as having a malignant tumor of the soft tissues at a local hospital; however, an exact diagnosis was not obtained.

He was diagnosed as having amelanoticmalignant melanoma and the lesion was resected.

In our hospital, we have experienced 16 cases of amelanoticmalignant melanoma.

Generally, it is reported that the patients with amelanoticmalignant melanoma have a poor prognosis, but we have observed no difference in the outcome between the patients with amelanoticmalignant melanoma and those with malignant melanoma.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the spectrum of growth rates in melanomas and to identify clinical associations of rapidly growing melanomas.

PATIENTS: A total of 404 consecutive patients with invasive primary cutaneous melanomas.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: A surrogate for rate of growth in primary invasive melanoma was calculated as the ratio of Breslow thickness to time to melanoma development based on a previously reported assessment tool.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

We report a tumor in an 80-year-old man that was difficult to distinguish from other tumors, i.e., small cell carcinoma of the lung, PNET/Ewing tumor, malignant lymphoma, or malignant melanoma (amelanotic), and which was finally identified as cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma using immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

We present the case of a 67-year-old patient, asymptomatic, with a prior diagnosis of amelanotic cutaneous melanoma with positive ganglions (2002), who was referred for thoracic-abdominal-pelvic computed tomography (CT) as part of routine follow-up (2007).

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Primary amelanoticmelanoma of the cervix: case report with review of literature.

Primary malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix is a rare neoplasm with poor prognosis.

It may be misdiagnosed especially when amelanotic, in which case immunohistochemistry is useful in reaching the diagnosis.

On histopathological examination it was originally suspected to be a poorly differentiated carcinoma or a non-epithelial malignant tumor, but was subsequently correctly diagnosed by immunohistochemical staining with the HMB-45 antibody and S-100 protein.

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Role of interleukins and nitric oxide secretion by peritoneal macrophages in differential tumoricidal effect to transplantable melanomas as regarding their biological properties.

The secretion of interleukins (IL-18, IL-12) and Nitric Oxide (NO) by peritoneal macrophages from hamsters bearing two lines of transplantable melanoma was estimated.

Macrophages of animals with melanoma lines secreted less IL-18 but more IL-12 and NO in comparison with the control macrophages.

The distinctly higher cytotoxic activity of macrophages from animals with amelanotic line in comparison with the melanotic line was not accompanied by significant differences in the IL-18 and IL-12 secretion between studied groups of macrophages.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The in vitro cytotoxic activity assay against two human cancer cell lines, large lung carcinoma (CORL-23) and amelanoticmelanoma (C32), showed that the most antiproliferative extract was the MeOH extract from flowers with a percentage of inhibition of 50.9 at 100 microg/ml against amelanoticmelanoma cells.

The most antiproliferative compounds against amelanoticmelanoma cells were kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and irisolidone with a percentage of inhibition of 100 and 96.6, respectively, and against large lung carcinoma cells with a percentage of inhibition of 82.1 and 84.6, respectively.

Significant activity on the amelanoticmelanoma cell line was also showed by irigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, with a percentage of inhibition of 89.3.

The compounds isovitexin and isoorientin-6-O''-beta-D-glucopyranoside showed a selective activity against amelanoticmelanoma cells with a percentage of inhibition of 83.2 and 79.8, respectively.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Clinical diagnosis often requires differentiation from benign lesions such as acrochordon, intradermal melanocytic nevus, neurofibroma, seborrheic keratosis, and even malignant lesions such as amelanoticmelanoma.

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

In this work we show that the chemical conjugation of PEG to the RNase A C-dimer, and to the two RNase A trimers (NC-trimer and C- trimer) decreases the aspermatogenic activity of the oligomers while increasing their inhibitory activity on the growth of the human UB900518 amelanoticmelanoma transplanted in athymic nude mice.