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Wednesday, 14 November 2012

Police
in some countries like England don’t carry guns. Some people do not approve of
this because they think that police with guns gives them security. Others think that police carrying guns increases
violence and crime.

Sunday, 28 October 2012

Read the article
and write an essay on the following topic in 250 words:

The number of cars keeps
increasing, so road systems should be expanded. Some people think the
government should pay for it, while others think the car owners should pay for
it. What’s your opinion?

The fast
pace of economic development in many countries has enabled more and more people
to own personal vehicles like cars. This
situation has necessitated the need to create additional infrastructure to
accommodate the escalating traffic on the roads, which require huge investments. However, many governments have lagged behind
in this area due to insufficient funds. In
the meantime, the scarcity of highways, flyovers and by-pass roads and the
overloading of existing roads have created severe traffic congestions and
accidents are on the increase.

In order to
address this crisis situation many governments are considering the possibility
of making car owners pay for the development of road infrastructure. People who favour governments’ stand on this
issue argue that since it is the motorists who need superior roads to drive
comfortably, they should pay for it. However,
many others believe that government alone should shoulder the responsibility of
developing roads.

From a
government perspective, increasing car ownership by individuals has flooded the
existing roads and necessitated the construction of a larger road system. Newer highways, bridges, flyovers and by-pass
roads have to be built to control the traffic congestions, which require huge
funds. Due to commitments from other
essential sectors, governments are often not able to afford such enormous
capital investment. Hence, they believe,
car owners should bear the cost of road development.

Since the
public are willing to pay for utilities like water and electricity, government questions
the logic in that argument that roads need to be funded by public finances.

A successful
methodology adopted by many governments both in the developed and developing
countries is to assign private infrastructure firms to develop road system and
allow them to collect toll from vehicle owners who use such roads, in order to
meet the cost.

Charging higher
taxes from car owners to be used for the construction and upkeep of new road
system has also been adopted in some countries.
This would take the pressure off the government and they can
concentrate on more essential utilities for the public.

Again, there
are special lanes which can be used by drivers who want to avoid crowded lanes,
by paying a certain fee especially during the peak hours. This system has already been introduced in
certain western countries as ‘pay-as-you-go lanes’ or ‘Lexus
lanes’, where rich motorists can bypass traffic jams. This money would be used for infrastructural
development.

There are
people who oppose the policy of the government and suggest that any welfare
government has the obligation to provide the basic infrastructural facilities, such
as roads, to the citizens. It is unreasonable
for government to stay away from this responsibility, arguing that it does not have
sufficient funds to do it. Instead, government
should avail funds from other sources and improve road systems for the people. Ideally, they could take loans from financial institutions
like World Bank or International Monitory Fund. Many governments are already doing it, especially
in the developing world.

Moreover, many
believe that car owners pay various types of vehicle, road and fuel taxes to
the government and it is unfair to burden them further with additional taxes or
road toll. Increase in the number of vehicles
automatically suggests greater taxes, which can be used for the improvement of roads.

Both sides have
valid arguments to substantiate their point of view. However, considering to enormous burden that governments
need to shoulder in various sectors, I would support the view that it is time that
citizens be responsible for the development of road systems.

Saturday, 14 July 2012

Some scientists believe that by studying the behavior of three-year-old children we can understand whether they will grow up to be criminals. To what extent is crime a product of human
nature? Is it possible to prevent children
growing up to be criminals?

This essay question is worded a bit differently from the usual
pattern. Can a you suggest an
introduction?

Make sure that you encourage the blogger by commenting. Also Click the Facebook icon to share it on your page...thanks.Introduction:

Evidences have continuously proven that criminal behaviour is predominantly the product of unfavourable circumstances rather than the result of genetic characteristics. If proper measures are adopted, a criminal’s behaviour can be reformed to a great extent.

Notes:

When you write an introduction, make sure that you address all parts of the question and use simple langue. The first part of the question is usually a statement that leads to the second part which actually is the question. Some students make the mistake of concentrating on the first part, ignoring the second part. This means that they lose the focus of the question. There are two questions here and both have to be addressed in the introduction and that is how you respond to the task.

Look at some of the vocabulary used:

continuously: the use of this word would give emphasis to to my
point. For example, some times we say:
'There is a growing(an increasing) tendency among young people to commit crimes.' Here growing
is used with the same effect.

predominantly: other words that can be used are, mainly, mostly, in most
instances. This word is used to indicate
that in majority of cases 'unfavourable circumstances' is the cause, but in
some instances 'human nature' can also be the reason for crime.

Tuesday, 10 July 2012

With the increasing number of people in cities, most do not know their
neighbours and the sense of community is lost. What is causing this? How can we
turn it around?

Essay (not edited)

The
life of people in the city, unlike in the countryside, is generally
characterised by a lack of community feeling.
A number of reasons can be attributed to this tendency among city
dwellers. This situation can be addressed
effectively if certain proactive steps are taken by the urban population.

One
of the major reasons for the isolated lifestyle in cities is the busy schedule
of people due to extended working hours and long commuting time. To explain it further, many business firms in
cities demand their employees to work beyond the usual hours and owing to heavy
traffic congestion getting to and back from work is a time consuming affair. Even at home people need to be engaged in
their household chores, which leave them with hardly any time to interact even
with their immediate neighbours.

Furthermore,
the ethnic, cultural and linguistic diversity of people in cities, who come
from different parts of a country or even other nations, does create serious hurdles
for easy socialisation. For instance, in
a city like Bangalore in India, people from all parts of the country who speak
different languages live in the same apartment building. This makes it difficult for them to interact
easily with each other.

An
ideal way to deal with this problem is to encourage people to visit their neighbours
on weekends and make friends with them. For example, occasionally people who live next
door can be invited for dinner or a special occasion, which can improve
interaction with them. Joining neighbourhood
cultural forums and charity groups is another effective method to create a
sense of community among city dwellers. For
example, families that live in apartments or housing colonies can form associations
and meet occasionally to work for the welfare of the neighbourhood. Finally, using a common language like English
for communication is also very useful. Such
initiatives can definitely enhance a sense of unity and increase socialisation
among people who live in cities.

To
conclude, a lack of community feeling is prevalent in city life, but if people
make a genuine effort to interact with each other, this problem can be solved to
a great extent.

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Saturday, 7 July 2012

In many countries prisons is considered the best way
to decrease crime. However, education is
often argued to be more effective way.
Which opinion do you most agree with?

Imprisonment is generally/mostly/usually considered the best way/ideal
method to reform/rectify the behavior of criminals and bring down illegal
activities/crime in the society. Whereas/However/But,
of late, many people are convinced/believe/are of the opinion
that education is a better way to do it.This essay attempts/tries to analyse this issue in detail.

On the one hand, as prisons can deprive a person’s
freedom it would dissuade/deter people from committing a criminal
offence/illegal activity. For
example, if a criminal activity would deny a young man the freedom to
pursue his favourite career or a happy life with his family, he is likely
to resist the temptation of committing a crime.
Moreover, the experience of being confined to a limited space for a
certain period of time can act as great deterrent against crime.

Similarly, a great deal of social disgrace/stigma
is attached to being detained in a jail.
To explain, not many people would risk losing their honour/respect
before their friends, family and society through imprisonment.

Finally, long imprisonment/incarceration
can keep compulsive criminals and serial offenders away from the society and indulging
in crime. To explain, psychopaths
with criminal tendencies need to be separated from the mainstream of society as
they cannot be reformed easily. All the
above points clearly indicate the need for prisons as an effective means to reduce crime in the society.

On the other hand, educating criminals about
the implications of crime and supplementing to their educational and vocational
deficiencies/inadequacies can definitely discourage them from committing
further crimes to an extent. However, such methods cannot work independently but only as an addition to prison
sentence.

In short, imprisonment is the best way to decrease
crime rate in the society and other methods including education have proved to
less effective or can only work as addition to imprisonment.

Some people think the recent increase in cheap air travel brings
benefits, while other people think it has drawbacks to the environment and the
world’s resources. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

The Article

Air travel has always been considered the privilege of the higher
classes, especially in the developing nations of the world. The economically backward sections of the
society always had to distance themselves from travelling by air on account of
lack of affordability.

The liberalization of airline policies by the government and the recent
increase in the number of aircraft operators has intensified competition in
this field. Consequently, airfares have
dropped drastically in the recent times.
A low-cost carrier is an airline that generally has lower fares and
fewer comforts. To make up for revenue lost in decreased ticket prices, the
airline may charge for extras like food, priority boarding, seat allocating,
and baggage etc.

This situation has not only enabled airline travelers to fly more
frequently but also made it possible even for the lower income group to have
access to this elite mode of travel. A major
category of beneficiaries of this development is the small or medium
businessmen who once could afford to travel by air only on important
assignments or emergencies are now able to avail this facility more often using
budget flights and economy fares. Many
believe that this can definitely have a positive impact on their business
prospects, as a result of more business meetings and transactions.

Cheap air fares have broadened travel possibilities and created a trend
for weekend breaks in exotic locations. A
number of low-cost airlines have sprung up in different parts of the world and
they offer national and international travel at a much lower cost compared to
the regular carriers. The new entrants
into the field like Tiger Airways and Air Asia have offered substantial
reduction in tariff to popular tourist destinations like Thailand and Malaysia.

Budget airlines have also created many new jobs for pilots, airline crew
and ground staff. This is a huge
advantage for the unemployed in the recession economies of the world.

But if air travel is allowed to grow unchecked in
this way, environmentalists believe, it will spell disaster for the planet. More
flights mean bigger, busier airports, which in turn leads to more noise and
growing problems with air quality for those who live and work close to
airports.

Perhaps the biggest concern is the effect on
global warming. Burning aviation fuel releases carbon dioxide (CO2) into the
environment, causing the earth to heat up more.
And aircraft from India to the US , per passenger, produces as much carbon
dioxide as a year's driving by the average motorist, according to environmental
campaign groups.

Low cost carriers have mostly a positive effect on both people’s budgets
as well as economy in general. While providing new working positions for the
unemployed they also give their passengers a chance to save their money and
travel more for less.

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