A fuew tax (awso known as a petrow, gasowine or gas tax, or as a fuew duty) is an excise tax imposed on de sawe of fuew. In most countries de fuew tax is imposed on fuews which are intended for transportation, uh-hah-hah-hah. Fuews used to power agricuwturaw vehicwes, and/or home heating oiw which is simiwar to diesew are taxed at a different, usuawwy wower rate. The fuew tax receipts are often dedicated or hypodecated to transportation projects so dat de fuew tax is considered by many a user fee. In oder countries, de fuew tax is a source of generaw revenue. Sometimes, de fuew tax is used as an ecotax, to promote ecowogicaw sustainabiwity. Fuew taxes are often considered[by whom?]regressive taxes.[1][not in citation given]

Taxes on transportation fuews have been advocated as a way to reduce powwution and de possibiwity of gwobaw warming and conserve energy. Pwacing higher taxes on fossiw fuews makes petrow just as expensive as oder fuews such as naturaw gas, biodiesew or ewectric batteries, at a cost to de consumer in de form of infwation as transportation costs rise to transport goods aww over de country.

Proponents advocate dat automobiwes shouwd pay for de roads dey use and argue dat de user tax shouwd not be appwied to mass transit projects.

A Nature study has shown dat whiwe gasowine taxes have increased in more countries dan dey have decreased in during de period 2003-2015, de gwobaw mean gasowine tax has decreased due to greater consumption in de wow tax countries.[2]

In India, de pricing of fuew varies by state, dough centraw taxes stiww are part of de pump price of fuew. The Centraw and state government's taxes make up nearwy hawf of petrow's pump price. The Centraw govt has different taxes, which amount to about 24–26% of de finaw cost. The states taxes vary, but on average end up making about 20–25% of de finaw cost. As a resuwt, approximatewy 51% of de pump cost goes to de government in de form of different taxes.

For exampwe, in Bengawuru, Karnataka as of May 16, 2011, price of petrow is ₹71.09 (99¢ US) per witre. Out of dis, ₹17.06 (24¢ US) go to Govt of India in de form of excise and customs tax. ₹16.63 (23¢ US) is cowwected by state government in de form of sawes tax and entry tax. Thus, a totaw of ₹33.69 (47¢ US) is cowwected due to various taxes (which accounts for around 47% of de totaw price).[7]

As of 2017, de excise tax on gasowine was €0.651 per witer (regionaw prices varied from €0.407 to €0.6682). Wif a VAT rate of 20%, de percent of de totaw price of gasowine dat came from taxes was 63.9%[8] The excise tax on diesew fuew was €0.531 per witer (€0.5307 to €0.5631). Wif de 20% VAT, 59.3% of de totaw cost of diesew fuew was taxes.[9]

Petroweum products destined for utiwisation by aircraft engaged in commerciaw fwights outside of de customs territory of continentaw France are exempt from aww customs duties and domestic taxes.[10] Recentwy, a rise of 23% in de diesew fuew tax has caused serious protests in major cities of France, weaving disruption and damage behind dem.[11] Before de protests, de French government expected to increase bof de petrow and diesew taxes untiw dey bof reached €0.78 per witer in 2022.[12]

Fuew taxes in Germany are €0.4704 per witre for uwtra-wow suwphur Diesew and €0.6545 per witre for conventionaw unweaded petrow, pwus Vawue Added Tax (19%) on de fuew itsewf and de Fuew Tax. That adds up to prices of €1.12 per witre for uwtra-wow suwphur Diesew and €1.27 per witre (approximatewy US$6.14 per US gawwon) for unweaded petrow (December 2014).

The sawe of fuews in de Nederwands is wevied wif an excise tax. As of 2015, petrow excise tax is EUR0.766 per witre and diesew excise tax is EUR0.482 per witre, whiwe LPG excise tax is EUR0.185 per witre.[13] The 2007 fuew tax was €0.684 per witre or $3.5 per gawwon, uh-hah-hah-hah. On top of dat is 21% VAT over de entire fuew price, making de Dutch taxes one of de highest in de worwd. In totaw, taxes account for 68.84% of de totaw price of petrow and 56.55% of de totaw price of diesew.[14] A 1995 excise was raised by Dutch guwden 25 cents (€0.11), de Kok Quarter (€0.08 raise per witre gasowine and €0.03 raise per witre diesew), by den Prime-Minister Wim Kok is now specificawwy set aside by de second Bawkenende cabinet for use in road creation and road and pubwic transport maintenance.

Motor fuew is taxed wif bof a road use tax and a CO2-tax. The road use tax on petrow is NOK 4.62 per witre and de CO2-tax on petrow is NOK 0.88 per witre. The road use tax on auto diesew is NOK 3.62 per witre mineraw oiw and NOK 1.81 per witre bio diesew. The CO2-tax on mineraw oiw is NOK 0.59 per witre.[15]

From 23 March 2011 de UK duty rate for de road fuews unweaded petrow, diesew, biodiesew and bioedanow is GB£0.5795 per witre (£2.63 per imperiaw gawwon or £2.19 per U.S. gawwon).[18]

Vawue Added Tax at 20% is awso charged on de price of de fuew and on de duty. An additionaw vehicwe excise duty, depending on a vehicwe's deoreticaw CO2 production per kiwometre, which is appwied regardwess of de amount of fuew actuawwy consumed, is awso wevied.

Diesew for use by farmers and construction vehicwes is cowoured red (Red Diesew) and has a much reduced tax, currentwy GB£0.1133 per witre (£0.52 per imperiaw gawwon or £0.43 per U.S. gawwon).[18]

Jet fuew used for internationaw aviation attracts no duty, and no VAT.[19]

The first U.S. state to enact a gas tax was Oregon in 1919.[21] The states of Coworado, Norf Dakota, and New Mexico fowwowed shortwy dereafter. By 1929, aww existing 48 states had enacted some sort of gas tax.[22] Today, fuew taxes in de United States vary by state. The United States federaw excise tax on gasowine is 18.4 cents per gawwon (4.86 ¢/L) and 24.4 cents per gawwon (6.45 ¢/L) for diesew fuew. On average, as of Juwy 2016, state and wocaw taxes add 29.78 cents to gasowine and 29.81 cents to diesew for a totaw US average fuew tax of 48.18 cents per gawwon for gas (12.89 ¢/L) and 54.21 cents per gawwon for diesew (14.37 ¢/L).[23]

The state and wocaw tax figures incwudes fixed-per-gawwon taxes as weww as variabwe-rate taxes such as dose wevied as a percentage of de sawes price. For state-wevew fuew taxes, nineteen states and de District of Cowumbia wevy variabwe-rate taxes of some kind.[24] The oder dirty one states do not tie de per-gawwon tax rate to infwation, gas prices, or oder factors, and de rate changes onwy by wegiswation, uh-hah-hah-hah. As of Juwy 2016, twenty one states had gone ten years or more widout an increase in deir per-gawwon gasowine tax rate.[25]

Because de fuew tax is universawwy stywed as a "road use" tax, exempting off-road farming, marine, etc. use; states impose a tax on commerciaw operators travewing drough deir state as if de fuew used was bought dere, wherever de fuew is purchased. Whiwe most commerciaw truck drivers have an agent to handwe de reqwired paperwork: what's reported is how much tax was cowwected in each state, how much shouwd have been paid to each state, de net tax for each state and de combined net tax for aww states to be paid by or refunded to de operator by deir base jurisdiction where dey fiwe. The operator carries paperwork proving compwiance. The member jurisdictions, de US states and de CA provinces, transmit de return information to each oder and settwe deir net tax bawances wif each oder eider by a singwe transmittaw drough a cwearinghouse set up by de IFTA and operated by Morgan Stanwey, or by separate transfers wif de oder member jurisdictions.[26]

Since October 2018, de fuew tax in Austrawia is A$0.412 per witre for petrow and uwtra-wow suwphur diesew (conventionaw diesew being taxed at A$0.412 per witre) and de excise for LPG is $0.282 per witre. Since 2000, dere is awso de GST (goods and services tax) on top of de fuew tax and infwation cawcuwated twice a year cawwed CPI (consumer price index) into de fuew tax since 2015.[27][better source needed][28]

Fuew taxes in New Zeawand are considered an excise appwied by de New Zeawand Customs Service on shipments brought into de country. A breakdown of de fuew taxes is pubwished by de Ministry of Economic Devewopment. Excise as at 1 August 2012 totaws 50.524 cents per witre ($1.89/imperiaw gaw; $1.58/US gaw) on petrow. In addition de nationaw compuwsory Accident Compensation Corporation motor vehicwe account receives a contribution of 9.9 cents/witre (37.1¢/imperiaw gaw; 30.9¢/US gaw). The edanow component of bio bwended petrow currentwy attracts no excise duty. This was to be reviewed in 2012. Diesew is not taxed at de pump, but road users wif vehicwes over 3.5 tonne in Gross Laden Weight and any vehicwes not powered whowwy by any combination of petrow, LPG or CNG must pay de Road User Charge instead. The Goods and Services Tax (15%) is den appwied to de combined totaw of de vawue of de commodity and de various taxes. On 25 Juwy 2007 de Minister of Transport Annette King announced dat from 1 Juwy 2008 aww fuew excise cowwected wouwd be hypodecated to de Nationaw Land Transport Programme.[29]