Patents Valuation and Coopetition Strategy
Implementation in High-Technology Industry based on Analytic Hierarchy
Process and System Dynamic Framework

Title (Chinese)

高科技產業專利鑑價與競合策略-層級分析法及系統動態建模

Date of Defense

2014-12-05

Page Count

109

Keyword

Game theory

AHP

Patent valuation

System dynamics

Intangible assets

Keyword (Chinese)

賽局理論

AHP

系統動態

專利價值

有形資產

Abstract

This study
using two approaches in order to help the high technology industry faces
the complex competition and market uncertainties. The first one by
using the combination of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and System
Dynamics (SD) to calculate the patent value that used in the high-tech
Industry. And the second one was through examine the need of
coopetition, one condition where the firms can cooperate and compete at
the same time. Obtaining the right value of the patent can help the
company in spending their R&D budget wisely and having better
competitive advantage in the future. Through these two approaches, the
profit that was expected to be earned by the company can be boosted.
Three patents were considered to be applied in the product
13.3”Notebook–DW30 by W corporation, one of the biggest ODM company in
Taiwan. There are Magnetic Mechanism, Special Charging Function, and
Concealable Connector. The model of the corporation consists of five sub
model, demand order sub-model, project management sub-model, production
control sub-model, research and development department sub-model, and
financial planning sub-model. The second patent, Special Charging
function with cumulative index of 24.86 shows the highest profit in this
simulation, followed by the first patent, magnetic mechanism (24.11)
and the third patent, concealable connector (18.74). And in terms of
coopetition with the other firm, there was around 29,001,200 NTD of
additional profit for BU A, and around 31,225,175 NTD for BU B if they
choose to collaborate each other and sharing their technology. The
result of this study could provide a scientific basis for the company
management to make well founded management decisions as well as buying
the right patent for the company.

Abstract

This article presents a bibliometric
analysis of the Journal Profesorado. Revista de currículum y formación
del profesorado since its founding in 1997 until the last issue of 2013.
We analyzed 553 articles corresponding to volumes ranging between 1.1
and 17.3. The information was obtained from the electronic version of
the journal and the following bibliometric indicators were established:
number of articles according to publication year, methodology, topic,
authorship index, authors' institutional affiliation, and productivity
by country. For the development of this research, data were categorized
and filtered from Google Scholar and the Journal Citations Report.

Sunday, 11 January 2015

information delivered!

citation

The distribution of scientific, scholarly, and professional
information has changed due to the advent of digital publishing forms.
Previously, most journals and data were distributed via analog methods
such as paper. However, that changed during the 1990s as digital forms
of scholarly papers and journals became available. Just as soon as these
digital forms became available, problems and questions arose in the
library community about their use and comparative effectiveness. Some
problems were more particularly focused on the distribution of scholarly
information, and others with such issues as cost, ownership and access,
and determination of quality.

Although there have been many problems with this new method for the
distribution of information, it can be argued that these innovations
have done more good than they have harm. Innovations in digital
publishing have enhanced the “value chain of scholarship” by allowing
more data to be available easier and inexpensively. Many more articles
can be accessed than ever before. However, there are negatives, in one
study it was reported that it took twice as long to browse, search for,
and locate articles in the digital era (Borgman 2007).

It cannot be denied that digital changes to scholarly publishing over
the last twenty years have made the job of libraries and librarians
more complex. For example, instead of buying print versions of journals,
most libraries pay for digital databases. In turn, scholars and
students are dependent upon these databases and do not purchase their
own subscriptions to journals (Borgman 2007). In the past, when
libraries paid for items, they retained them in their collections, but
with the license database model, this is not the case. Does paying for
access mean that libraries are dependent on third party companies? Some
might say that libraries have been dependent on companies for services
such as cataloguing well before the digital era. We are certainly more
dependent on external services due to their breadth and depth of
content. It seems too early to say if the changes to database services
are positive or negative overall.

These complications merely keep pace with the complication that has
consumed the rest of the world. Although technologies change at a rapid
pace, often the institutions that use them do not change as quickly
(Borgman 2007). We cannot expect our profession to remain isolated among
changes in related industries and at the world at large.

One of the more interesting changes in scholarly publication has been
the emergence of papers that are published in lesser-known journals
being more widely cited. Before the advent of digital journal databases,
scholarly information was more restricted because by default it needed
to go through several gates of control before publication and
distribution. Journals gained prestige and articles published in highly
rated journals were often articles that became highly rated themselves.
What does it mean for relatively independent articles and journals to
become more highly cited? To what degree does citation matter in
determining the importance of an article? Often times, an article that
has been peer reviewed is considered better. Peer review as a gold
standard in academic publication could perhaps be changing due to the
widening of the market, resulting in easier discovery for documents that
are given keywords or tags in digital databases. The ‘impact factor’ of
specific journals is declining as the citations are spread more widely
across the field. It is interesting to note some articles that not
published in peer-reviewed journals, ones that would not have wide
circulation were it not for these digital repositories, are actually
being cited just as frequently as ones that were peer-reviewed (Lozano
2012). This, in turn, brings up the question of the value of the
peer-review process.

Citation, on its own, has long been viewed as a marker of quality.
Many frequently cited articles reference frequently cited articles of
the past, creating a chain effect (Corbyn 2010). Another aspect of the
citation chain has been the finding that the more references a paper
has, the more likely it is to be cited by other papers (Corbyn 2010). It
has also been made clear that there are other ways to influence
citation rankings, especially when the articles are searchable within
digital databases (Ale Ebrahim 2013). Some current authors have
contended that including citation information is a burden and
unnecessary when one can Google the necessary information (Parks 2014).
However, some have also lamented the trend of leaving back matter off
printed material, with a note for the reader to go online for a list of
the sources (Heller 2014).

Born-digital documents, and eBooks that do not have page numbers are
creating citation as well as indexing problems. The structures of
digital documents can in theory be very different from analog documents,
although they commonly emulate standards of printed documents.
Libraries must prepare for a shift towards complex digital documents
instead of facsimiles of printed material in databases. The lack of page
numbers and other document segmentation elements have required the
creation of new methods of annotation (Prator 2013). Along with the
shift in format comes a shift in the methods of citation. Though these
methods are shifting, citation does not become less necessary. Even in
very modern contexts, such as rap lyrics, the idea of crediting the
proper author has not become less necessary (Craig 2013).

Does the ability to have articles more widely disseminated improve
scholarly communication? At the very least, we see that it opens access
to those who would not get a chance to see their work widely distributed
otherwise. Could we then argue that the opening up digital scholarship
waters down the content? Instead, we must focus as libraries on
determining the value and quality of content and instructing students
and researchers on these methods. How can we ensure that scholarship in
the digital age is an improvement? We can foster greater collaboration
between libraries and research institutions, and come up with new ways
to mark up digital documents. We can share the cost of digital
publications and realize the value of easy access to data and articles
without taking our current infrastructure for granted.

University of Malaya (UM) - Department of
Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of
Malaya (UM) - Research Support Unit, Centre of Research Services,
Institute of Research Management and Monitoring (IPPP), University of
Malaya (UM) and University of Malaya (UM)

Software
development projects are increasingly geographical distributed with
offshoring, which introduce complex risks that can lead to project
failure. Co-sourcing is a highly integrative and cohesive approach, seen
successful, to software development offshoring. However, research of
how co-sourcing shapes the perception and alleviation of common
offshoring risks is limited. We present a case study of how a certified
CMMI-level 5 Danish software supplier approaches these risks in offshore
co-sourcing. The paper explains how common offshoring risks are
perceived and alleviated when adopting the co-sourcing strategy in a
mature (CMMI level 5) software development organization. We found that
most of the common offshoring risks were perceived and alleviated in
accordance with previous research, with the exception of the task
distribution risk area. In this case, high task uncertainty,
equivocality, and coupling across sites was perceived more as risk
alleviation than risk taking. This perception of task distribution was
combined with high attention to the closely interrelated structure and
technology components in terms of CMMI and the actors’ cohesion and
integration in terms of Scrum.

Original language

English

Title of host publication

eProceedings of the 8th International Research Workshop on Information Technology Project Management (IRWITPM)

University of Malaya (UM) - Department of
Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of
Malaya (UM) - Research Support Unit, Centre of Research Services,
Institute of Research Management and Monitoring (IPPP), University of
Malaya (UM) and University of Malaya (UM)

Indiana University - Kelley School of Business -
Management & Entrepreneurship, University of Houston - C.T. Bauer
College of Business and Indiana University - Kelley School of Business -
Department of Marketing

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About Me

Nader Ale Ebrahim has
a Technology Management PhD degree from the Department of Engineering
Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya
(UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. He holds a Master of Science in the
mechanical engineering from University of Tehran, Iran.