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assuming you have used this make of media before and tried other discs incase you have a bad batch, it could be that your drives laser itself is starting to fail when reading certain media, although it may still be able to read cd's and DVD it may fail with CDR and/or DVD-RW discs.

Hi,
It sounds like you haven't followed the last step to the burning procedure. All you need to do once you've completed burning your disc is to Finalize the disc. Read below why you need to finalize as well as the steps to follow in order to finalize the disc.
Hope this helps ;)
How to Finalize
Finalizing is writing the TOC (table of contents) on a
disc so a CD player can recognize the number of
tracks, the total time for each track, and their location
on the disc. A recorded disc must be finalized to
playback on a standard CD player. Once finalized a
CD-R disc can be played on CD players that support
CD-R playback. CD-RW discs can only be played on
CD players that support CD-RW playback. Consult
your CD player owner's manual to confirm supported
formats.
Finalizing is necessary to:
• be able to play a recorded CD-R or CD-RW disc on
a CD player
• prevent further recording on a disc
• avoid erasing tracks on a CD-RW disc
• record text information onto a disc you record
Notes:
• A finalized CD-R disc can never be recorded onto
again.
• A finalized CD-RW disc can be unfinalized for more
recording.
• The CDR300 can play back unfinalized CD-R or
CD-RW discs.
• SYNC REC+FINAL mode automatically finalizes.
Here are the steps in order to Finalize your disk
1 Push Stop.
The display shows the number of tracks and their total playing time.
2 Push FINALIZE.
FINALIZE is displayed for about 3 seconds.

Have you tried cleaning the laser assembly? If your OS still sees the drive then it may just be having trouble reading.
Try this

First try to boot from your xp cd. If it fails to boot from the cd then your drive is screwed. If it does boot from the XP cd then ONLY try the following

Click Start. Click Run.The Run dialogue box appears. Type devmgmt.msc in the run dialogue box and click OK. Click on the plus sign next to DVD/CD ROM Drives. Locate your DVD/CD ROM drive in the list of devices. Verify the type of drive in your computer and that the type of media you are using is supported by the drive. Use the table below to determine the supported media types.DVD+/-RW Read CD or DVD media, write DVD+RW, DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD-R, CD-R, CD-RW media. CD-RW/DVD Combination Drive To read CD or DVD media, and write CD media. DVD-ROM Drive To read CD or DVD media. CD-RW Drive To read and write CD media. CD-ROM DRIVE To read CD media.

Try cd drive now before trying the next step

Click the Start button, right-click My Computer, and click Manage.The Computer Management window appears. Click Device Manager. Click the (+) plus IDE controllers section. Double-click the appropriate IDE channel.The IDE Channel Properties window appears. Under the Advanced Settings tab, verify that the transfer mode is set to DMA if available. Click the OK button to save the change. At this point, you may need to restart for the change to become active.

Check to see if the drive will work in safe mode. I it still does not work Update the firmware for the optical drive.Try cd drive now before trying the next step

Click the Start button, click Run. In the Open box, type Regedit, and then click OK. Click the plus sign (+) next to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE.When you click the plus sign (+) next to a folder, it will expand displaying the folders it contains in the left-hand pane of the Registry Editor. When a folder is highlighted, its contents will be displayed in the right-hand pane of the Registry Editor.

Click the plus sign (+) next to SYSTEM. Click the plus sign (+) next to CurrentControlSet. Click the plus sign (+) next to Control. Click the plus sign (+) next to Class. Click {4D36E965-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}. On the right side of the window, click UpperFilters. Click Edit on the menu bar. Click Delete, and then click OK. On the right side of the window, click LowerFilters. Click Edit on the menu bar. Click Delete, and then click OK. Click File, and then click Exit. Restart the computer normally.

If all these steps fail then you will need to replace your drive.Thank you.

It appears that the CD drive has failed. My DVD drive did that and I ended up replacing it. They have become fairly inexpensive. You can replace your CD drive with a DVD/RW drive for about $30. I like to use www.spoofee.com to find cheap computer components. Just check back regularly and a DVD/RW drive should show up.