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Tuesday, 3 September 2013

Robin Hood: Fact or Fiction?

The myth of Robin Hood occurs frequently in
English and as a result American popular culture. Being immortalised in movie
greats such as the Disney film of 1973 and not-so-greats such as the
spandex-clad 1991 film starring Kevin Costner. This was a film that unleashed
the Bryan Adams cheese-fest “(Everything I Do) I Do It For You” on the
unsuspecting [read, undeserving] world. As entertaining as both these films may
be, how much of the tale is rooted in truth and what, if any, is pure fiction?

There is one fact that stands clear above
all in the Robin Hood debate and that is that his existence has never once been
proven. But with such a rich tale there surely must be some basis of truth in
it. The UK short break specialists Center Parcs, whose head office is in
Sherwood Forest, know a thing or two about forest holidays and have asked me to
look into the matter and split fact from fiction.

How
Old Is He?

That there is a definite change in the
roles of Robin Hood throughout the centuries is unquestionable. The first
mentioning of the outlaw comes in the 15th Century where these words
are written, “Robyn hode in scherewode stod”. But even this most simple fact
seems debatable. The modern Robin Hood is depicted as being the leader of a
band of outlaws that live in Sherwood Forest. But many of the early tales place
him up and down the country, with a particular focus on the Yorkshire area with
some sources placing him as north as Whitby on the Yorkshire coast. This
obviously runs against what modern retellings would have us believe. I believe
this location shift came about in the time when he was pitted against his archenemy,
the Sherriff of Nottingham.

Robin’s
Nemesis

The Sherriff of Nottingham is of course
renowned for his cruel and exploitative reign of terror over the poor peasants
of Nottingham. He ran an extortion racket that Don Vito Corleone would be proud
to call his own, whether or not he made the peasants an offer they couldn’t
refuse is unfortunately lost to the annals of history. This strand of the tale
plants itself in the reign of King Richard I, who in absentia (off crusading)
imparted the power of tax collection on the Sherriff. This addition definitely
came about later than the 15th Century mentioning quoted above.
Other than Richard I’s reign, Robin has been placed in the era of King Edward,
handily without any clarification of exactly which one. Considering there has
been eight King Edwards this really does throw the cat amongst the historical
pigeons and make it very hard to accurately date our favourite bandit. A good
assumption would be to place him in the era of one of the first three who all
directly succeeded one another after the death of King Richard I.

Robin’s
Merry Men (And Woman)

So, if even the era in which our outlaw
lived is debatable then surely the rocks by his side, his most prized allies
were based in reality? I’m sorry to say that even this appears questionable.
With the exception of Little John all the prominent members of his band of
merry men are added on at a later date. Maid Marian may well come from an oral
tradition originating in France of a shepherdess named Marion and her shepherd
lover Robin. Friar Tuck is also added at around the same time as Marian. Both
Marian and Tuck find their roots in the May Games, a pagan celebration for the
beginning of spring. Robin himself is mentioned throughout these tales and so
it is probably in the lines of these songs that the band unites rather than in the
forests of Nottingham.

Robin
The Philanthropist

So far I have pretty much knocked a lot of the
truth out of the Robin Hood story, but surely his famed charitable ways have
some basis in truth? What of “Take from the rich and give to the poor”? Well
you will be pleased to hear that this seems to be as pivotal to the whole tale
as Robin himself. This kind nature goes back to the earliest books written
about the man.

Unfortunately it appears that a lot of the
Robin Hood myth is exactly that, a myth. But that is not to say there can be no
element of truth in it, far from it in fact. For a figure to have proven so
irresistible to storytellers and writers alike there must be a grain of truth
in it somewhere. That his story has been twisted throughout the centuries is
inevitable as the oral tradition of storytelling as something akin to Chinese
Whispers. Maybe it’s just the romantic in me, but I want to believe in our swashbuckling hero and I’ll be darned if the lack of facts will get in my way.
What do you think? Fact? Or fiction?

Disclosure: This is a featured guest post in association with Center Parcs. Please see my disclosure policy for further details.