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Amazon Hits New Record For Wildfires

The Amazon rainforest has recorded 84% more fires in 2019 than in 2018.

(Published Wednesday, Aug. 21, 2019)

Brazil's official monitoring agency is reporting a sharp increase in wildfires this year, and President Jair Bolsonaro suggested Wednesday, without citing evidence, that non-governmental organizations could be setting them to make him look bad.

Brazil's National Institute for Space Research, a federal agency monitoring deforestation and wildfires, said the country has seen a record number of wildfires this year, counting 74,155 as of Tuesday, an 84% increase compared to the same period last year. Bolsonaro took office on Jan. 1.

Asked for comment, Bolsonaro told reporters Wednesday outside the presidential palace in Brazilia that "maybe" NGOs are responsible for the wildfires, and suggested "these organizations representing interests outside of Brazil" could be retaliating against his administration over federal funding cuts.

"Maybe — I am not affirming it — these (NGO people) are carrying out some criminal actions to draw attention against me, against the government of Brazil," Bolsonaro told reporters.

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When asked by reporters if he had evidence, the president did not provide any and further alleged, based only on his "sentiment," that "these people went [to the Amazons] to film and set it on fire."

"There is a war going on in the world against Brazil, an information war," Bolsonaro said.

Bolsonaro also accused governors of states in the region, without citing any names, of being complicit in the surge of wildfires.

"Look there are governors, and I don't want to name names, who are complicit with what's going on and putting the blame on the federal government," Bolsonaro said. "There are states there, which I'm not going to list, in the northern region, where the governor isn't moving a stick to help combat the fires. They are enjoying this."

Earlier this month, the head of the space research institute was forced to leave his position after standing up to the president's accusations that deforestation data had been manipulated to tarnish the image of his administration.

The states that have been most affected by fires this year are Mato Grosso, Para and Amazonas — all in the Amazon region — accounting for 41.7 percent of all fires.

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"It is very difficult to have natural fires in the Amazon; it happens but the majority come from the hand of humans," said Paulo Moutinho, co-founder of the Amazon Environmental Research Institute.

Moutinho, who has been working in the Amazon forests for nearly 30 years, said fires are mostly used to clean up vast areas of land for farming or logging.

The fires can easily get out of control, especially now during the Amazon's dry season, and spread to densely forested protected areas.

This year, the Amazon has not suffered from serious dryness, Moutinho said. "We're lucky. If we had had droughts like in the past four years, this would be even worse."

Bolsonaro, who once threatened to leave the Paris climate accord, has repeatedly attacked environmental nonprofits, seen as obstacles in his quest to develop the country's full economic potential, including in protected areas.

Bolsonaro and Environment Minister Ricardo Salles are both close to the powerful rural caucus in Congress and have been urging more development and economic opportunities in the Amazon region, which they consider overly protected by current legislation.

Some NGOs, environmentalists and academics have been blaming the administration's pro-development policies for a sharp increase in Amazon deforestation shown in the latest data from the space research institute.

The government is also facing international pressure to protect the vast rainforest from illegal logging or mining activities. The Amazon is often referred to as the lungs of our planet because it is a major absorber of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Citing Brazil's apparent lack of commitment to fighting deforestation, Germany and Norway have decided to withhold more than $60 million in funds earmarked for sustainability projects in Brazil's forests.

French and German leaders have also threatened not to ratify a trade deal between the European Union and Mercosur countries to pressure Brazil into complying with its environmental pledges within the Paris Climate Agreement.

But experts say Brazilians and particularly farmers could be the first victims of excessive deforestation, as it could affect the regional climate, bringing higher temperatures and less rain.

Meanwhile, the environment minister was booed Wednesday as he took the stage at a five-day U.N. workshop on climate change in the northern state of Bahia — an event he had tried to cancel earlier this year.

Some in the audience shouted while waving signs reading, "Stop Ecocide" or "The Amazon is burning."

Salles spoke briefly, saying climate change needs to be addressed.

"People are asking for more and more actions. ... There is an acknowledgment that we are in a situation of crisis and emergency," said Manuel Pulgar Vidal, former environment minister of Peru, who attended the event.

Vidal, who now works for the nonprofit WWF, said the criticism directed at Salles could eventually prod the administration into taking action on climate change. "There is no room for negationism," Vidal said.