Heavy

Oil resources similar to WTI and Brent crude oils are dwindling, so heavy and extra-heavy crude oils, and must be used to meet the growing demand for fuels. The vast majority of the world’s refineries are not suitable for processing these types of feed stock, so upgrading processes are required to make synthetic crude oils from those resources compatible with the equipment installed. By its viscosity Castilla crude oil is not classified as an extra-heavy crude oil, as even on surface it flows. However, it has 45.6 wt.% of vacuum bottoms and high concentrations of Conradson Carbon (CCR of 34 wt.%) and metals (nickel and vanadium content of 928 ppm) within it