6 1. Safety Information No claims of product liability or warrantee can be honored if the device is not operated in accordance with the operating instructions or the instructions on the instrument. If you use the unit and accessories properly, there are no hazards to fear - none of a mechanical nature and none caused by electrical shock. The following paragraphs contain information about the safe use of the device. Please use only accessories that are available for the unit. See "Delivery Notes" and the "Technical Data" for further information. Avoid exposure to continuous humidity and condensation (see Technical Data). Avoid splashing with water, chemicals or other liquids. Do not perform any repairs on the unit, neither mechanical nor electrical. Please consult our Technical Customer Service. Only devices that meet the requirements for low - voltage safety may be connected to the RS 232 interface. The power supply unit can be disconnect from the power supply by disconnecting the power connection line plug from the socket. Make certain that the power supply unit plug is easily accessible. Use only the power supply connection line included with delivery. Before placing the instrument into operation please check, if the line voltage set on the power entry module corresponds to the power supply system in your facility.

7 Defects and extraordinary loads If safe operation can no longer be presumed, shut down the device and secure it against unintended operation. The device must be presumed unsafe to operate: longer working long periods under adverse conditions during shipping The instrument shall be connected only to power outlets with faultless ground wire. If the connection to the ground wire is insufficient, the housing of the instrument may in cases of error assume voltage potentials which at contact represent a risk of electric shock. In case of doubt please have the proper construction of the ground wire inspected by a specialist. dispose of this product together with your household waste. Please refer to the information of your local community or contact our dealers regarding the proper handling of end-of life electric and electronic equipment. Recycling of this product will help to conserve natural resources and prevent potential negative consequences for the environment and human health caused by inappropriate waste handling

8 2. System Description Please read the instruction manual before placing the instrument in service and observe the safety instructions. haze-gard plus is a stationary instrument designed to measure the appearance of glass and of films, packaging and parts made of plastic and other transparent materials. The specimen surface is illuminated perpendicularly, and the transmitted light is measured photoelectrically, using an integrating sphere (0 /diffuse geometry). The spectral sensitivity conforms to CIE standard spectral value function y, under standard light C resp. A. Three parameters: permit visual appearance to be in characterized fully and objectively. haze-gard plus sets new standards transparency measurement instruments. Aside from its speed and ease of operation, it also offers the following features: large products driven operation to reference-beam optics diagnosis lengthy warm-up needed interface, printer outlet haze-gard plus conforms to the standards ASTM D-1003 and ASTM D-1044.

9 3. Startup IMPORTANT NOTES! Please read before you operate the instrument: The unit has no special environmental requirements. However, it is important to observe the usual operating conditions for electronic instruments. Avoid: tions. rapid temperature changes. Avoid splashing with water or other liquids. The instrument chassis is resistant to a number of solvents, but cannot be guaranteed to withstand all chemicals. Use only a soft, damp cloth for cleaning. A little rubbing alcohol or mild soapsuds may be used to remove stubborn dirt. Clean the front lens of the clarity port only with a soft, lint-free cloth (preferably a damp optical wipe). NEVER clean the interior of the detector sphere (haze port)! If the instrument malfunctions, do not attempt to repair it yourself. Our Customer Service will be glad to provide you with fast assistance. vapors and gases. raneous matter through measuring apertures.

10 CAT.-NR. Setting Up Always switch off the unit before plugging in or unplugging the various connectors (foot switch, printer cable and power cord). Make sure the voltage setting is correct. Otherwise the instrument will not operate properly or safely. possible damage sustained during shipment (visual inspection). RS-232 footswitch V USE ONLY WITH 250 V FUSES / EMPLOYER UNIQUEMENT AVEC DES FUIBLES WITH 250 V V T 1,6A 250V (115V) T 1,0A 250V (230V)! first time, make sure all components have been delivered (for the package contents see Chapter 13, Ordering Guide) S.-NR /220 V 50/60 HZ 200 VA MADE IN GERMANY BYK-Gardner GmbH BYK-Gardner USA Geretsried Silver Spring Germany MD the instrument, and if necessary change it to the right setting as follows: Use an appropriate tool (No. 2 screwdriver) to remove the fuse insert below the power-cord receptacle, and plug the insert back in so that the mark on the power-switch housing coincides with the required voltage range. off. Plug the enclosed power cord into the unit and into a grounded power outlet. and the printer or PC connection cable into the appropriate receptacles.

11 Power-Up SELF DIAGNOSTIC Lamp: ok Chopper: ok Shutter: ok Version: 1.0 Copyright 1994 Before switching the unit on, remove the protective cover/dark standard from the haze port. Turn on the unit at the power switch on the left side. The unit will run a self-diagnostic test. If any system components are outside the tolerance range, an error message will appear. The logo, version number and a copyright message will appear on the display.

13 WARM-UP Only about 2 minutes are needed for warm-up. As soon as the instrument has completed the self-diagnosis and status displays, it immediately goes into the mode that was active at the last shutdown. It is now ready for operation. Before you can take measurements after starting the instrument for the first time, it must be calibrated (see Chapter 5).

14 4. Operation Select the parameter you want to measure. By pressing one of the three buttons you can either switch between parameters (in Continuous Mode), or add a parameter to those you have already chosen. Pressing the button a second time displays this parameter by itself. The specimen must lie flat during measurements. Start the measurement by pressing the <operate> button or the foot switch. Set the specimen at the appropriate port. Haze port (right side): For transmittance and haze. Clarity port (left side): For clarity. Check for possible surface defects such as scratches or fingerprints.

15 H 14.7 statistic delete last result operate set up reference transmittance haze clarity on/off on/off A message on the display will tell you if it is necessary to change measurement ports (when multiple parameters have been selected). Move the specimen to the appropriate port and start the measurement by pressing the <operate> button or foot switch. The readings will appear on the display. delete all Control panel: Cursor keys: Used in SET-UP mode to select individual menu items and set values such as time (Chapter 6). In any measuring mode, these keys are used to switch statistics functions on and off, and to delete values from the statistics memory (Chapter 7). delete last statistic result on/off on/off delete all

16 operate set up reference In the measuring modes, starts measurements. In SET-UP mode, confirms the selected function. Calls up the SET-UP menu (Chapter 6). Used in Continuous Mode to determine the reference value for total transmittance (Chapter 8).

17 5. Calibration State-of-the-art technology and the reference-beam principle mean that calibration is needed only infrequently. We recommend a calibration interval of two months. Calibration is also necessary: ambient temperature (for example, after moving the unit to a new site) on the display (for example, after stored calibration values have been modified). To ensure accurate calibration, use only original standards from BYK-Gardner. Do not touch the reference surface. Protect it against scratching. Even with careful treatment, ambient conditions may alter a standard s values over time. For that reason, have Customer Service check your standards regularly (once a year) against primary standards. Make sure the values displayed during calibration match the data for the standards you use, in order to avoid mixing up or accidentally changing the calibration values (see Section 5.3). To calibrate: CAUTION: Make sure the calibration standards are clean and free from scratches!

18 SET UP MENUE Calibrate Print Statistic Print Online: off Cont. Mode: on Language: USA Escape: SET UP Calibration Zero Calibration Ready: Escape: Please cover haze-port OPERATE SET UP Calibration 100% Calibration Please remove cover from haze-port Ready: OPERATE set up Cover the haze port with the protective cover/dark standard, and press the <operate> button to start the measurement. Calibration Place Transm.stand at haze-port Call up the SET-UP menu Ready: Escape: OPERATE SET UP delete all reference Call up the calibration routine The bright measurement follows after the dark measurement. The bright measurement is referred to the amount of light beamed in by

19 If you have selected a transmittance Section 5.3 and Chapter 9), put the appropriate standard in the haze port. transmittance standard, you only need to clear the instrument s beam path. Calibration Place clarity stand at clarity-port Ready: Escape: OPERATE SET UP Note: If fluctuating or obviously wrong values are displayed after calibration, repeat the calibration. This symptom means the haze port was either improperly covered (for the dark measurement) or partially still covered (for the bright measurement) during the measurements. operate Start the bright measurement operate Start calibration Now perform calibration for clarity. Place the clarity standard at the clarity port (left side). If the calibration procedure is cancelled with SET-UP, the last calibration in effect remains valid. This concludes calibration. The instrument goes to the measuring mode that was active before the calibration.

20 5.1 Additional Standards for Monitoring Test Equipment To check proper operation of the instrument, measurements with special test standards should be performed at regular intervals (about once every three months). The appropriate test standards are listed in the Ordering Guide. The displayed readings should fall within the specified values for the standard. If they do not, check that the standard was clean and that the device was properly calibrated. If cleaning the standard and recalibration do not correct the error, please contact Customer Service. 5.2 Cleaning the Standards Calibration with a dirty or damaged standard may severely affect the accuracy of measurements. Standard surfaces are very delicate. Be very careful when cleaning them. Use a fresh, soft cloth, and wash the standards in running or standing cold water. Do not apply a scrubbing action or heavy pressure. Make sure no large particles that might damage the surface adhere to the cloth. Do not use aggressive cleaners like solvents, rubbing alcohol, trichloroethylene, benzine, or strong alcohols, acids or lyes. Most chemical cleaners or polishes will cause damage. To remove stubborn dirt, add a little household dish detergent to the water. Rinse with distilled water. Dry with compressed air and blow off any dust or lint. Never rub the standard dry! The rubbing action may cause scratches from surface dust. Precise calibration is possible only with flawless standards. If visual appearance or measurement errors suggest that a standard is compromised, we ll be glad to check it.

21 5.3 Changing Calibration Values The values for the calibration standards are stored in the instrument. In automatic calibration, this data is associated with the respective standards. In some cases it may be necessary to adjust the stored data to a new standard, for example if the supplied standard has deteriorated due to aging. To input new standard values, select the "Change Calibration Value" function in the SET-UP menu, and confirm with the <operate> button. 5.4 Calibration with Taber Abrasion Holder the Taber Abrasion Holder. Install the Taber Abrasion Holder in front of the sphere entrance. Calibrate the instrument once more, but only dark- and bright calibration. When you are asked to calibrate Clarity, please press the set-up button. Perform measurements without a sample in Haze, Transmission and Clarity. The result should be: H = 0.00, T = 100 and C = 100. If the Taber Abrasion Holder is removed, calibrate the instrument again. Note: When working with the Taber Abrasion Holder, only measure Haze or Transmission. Clarity measurements are not possible with the holder due to changed optical conditons.

22 Change Cal Value Input Trans Std Input Clarity Std Save Std Values Escape: SET UP T Std = 100 Confirm: Escape: 1000 OPERATE SET UP Initialize Instr. Old New T Std C Std Save Data: Escape: OPERATE SET UP delete last delete all Select the standard you want to change, and confirm with <operate>. In the four-digit display, the last number indicates the number of digits after the decimal point. delete last delete all Change the value and confirm with <operate>. Pressing the <operate> button saves the new setting for the standard value and returns you to the "Change Calibration Value" submenu. Pressing the <set up> button rejects the change and retains the old standard value. These new values remain valid only until the unit is switched off. When it is switched back on, the old values are restored. The "Save Standard Values" function serves to save the reset standard values permanently, so that they are retained even after the instrument is switched off. If a change has been confirmed with <operate>, a recalibration is necessary after exiting from the "Change Calibration Value" submenu. statistic on/off result on/off Select the decimal place to be modified.

23 6. SET-UP Menu: Setting Instrument Parameters SET UP MENUE Calibrate Print Statistic Print Online: off Cont. Mode: on Language: USA Escape: SET UP MENUE Beeper SET UP : off Adjust Date Adjust Time Display Contrast Change Cal Value Service Menue Escape: SET UP delete all delete all delete last Displays the first SET-UP page. Use the Up and Down cursor keys to select the menu item you want or to display the next page. The SET-UP menu is used to set instrument parameters and perform calibration. set up Calls up the SET-UP menu. An operator instruction message appears. operate set up Calls up or switches the selected function, and confirms changes. Exit the SET-UP menu without confirming changes.

24 When entering numbers: statistic on/off delete last result on/off delete all Change desired decimal place Change value Explanation of Menu Items Calls up the calibration routine (Chapter 5). Print Statistics: Sends the readings in the current statistics memory to the connected printer. Print Online: Sends readings to the connected printer as soon as they are taken. Continuous Mode: Performs automatic, continuous repetition of measurements (Chapter 8). Language: Allows you to change languages, using the cursor key. The cursor position shows the selected language. Beeper: Sets the instrument to emit a beep signal after a measurement is completed. Adjust Date: Allows you to use the cursor keys to change the date. Years before 1980 will not be accepted. Adjust Time: Allows you to use the cursor keys to set the internal clock. Display Contrast: Allows you to adjust display contrast, using the left and right cursor keys. Change Calibration Value: Calls up a submenu to change the saved calibration values (Chapter 5).

26 and off act m min max s v result on/off = Last measured value; in Continuous Mode, this is the value for the inserted specimen = Mean value = Minimum value = Maximum value = Standard deviation = Variance coefficient n s= 1 n-1 i=1 (x-x) 2 V= 100 i In Statistics Mode, measured values are saved and retained when you switch to a different parameter or turn the instrument off. Saved values can be transferred to a printer or PC via the serial interface. A measurement series that has been saved previously can be called back up and continued, as long as it has not been deleted in the meantime. Calibration values cannot be changed while a series is running, since this would falsify the statistical results. delete last The last measurement to have been saved is deleted. The counter variable n is decremented by 1.

27 delete all All statistics in the memory are deleted. The delete function affects only the memory area in use for the current parameters.

28 8. Continous Mode In the normal measuring mode, individual measurements are started by pressing <operate>. In Continuous Mode, on the other hand, measurements are repeated and updated constantly. This lets you "run" a rather larger area of the specimen and get an impression of nonuniform zones. Continuous Mode is possible only for a single parameter. Ready: Transmittance Measurement Please place sample at haze-port OPERATE transmittance haze clarity set up Select "Continuous Mode" in the SET-UP menu. Select the desired parameter. The parameter can be changed at will. The haze measurement needs the value for total transmittance as a reference for the measured specimen. When applicable, a prompt to this effect will appear on the display.

29 After changing a specimen, always be sure to update the reference measurement for the new specimen before proceeding. reference operate Put specimen at haze port Perform reference measurement When specimens have only slight differences in total transmittance, you need not update the reference repeatedly. Statistical evaluations can also be performed in Continuous Mode. The values measured here are written to the same memory area as in normal measuring mode. statistic on/off operate result on/off Switch on Statistics or Results Use <operate> or the foot switch to save the value to the statistics memory. Stand-by Mode: To save the lamp, after a certain interval Continuous Mode is interrupted and Stand-by Mode appears on the display. The measurements are continued when a significant change occurs in the beam path (for example, when a new specimen is put in place).

30 9. Parameters Appearance of Transparent Materials When a parallel beam of light strikes a transparent specimen, a number of effects may result, depending on the nature of the material: smooth surface Some of the incident light will be reflected from surfaces, and some will pass through the specimen unaltered. The specimen will appear glossy and crystal clear. The intensity of the transmitted light will be diminished by the inherent absorbance of the material, dyes or pigments. scattering Diffuse scattering will decrease an object s imaging quality. Particles inside the material or structures on its surface may act as "scatterers". The more scatterers are present, the greater the amount of scattered light; the distribution of scattered light in space is related to the scatterers size distribution. The scattering behavior of a specimen will determine its appearance. Two different components can be clearly distinguished visually (Fig. 1). Wide-angle scattering diffuses light uniformly in all directions, and the light intensity per angle is small. This reduces contrast and results in a milky or cloudy appearance. This effect is called haze. Narrow-angle scattering deflects light in small angles, so that the light intensity is concentrated within this narrow angular range.

31 Contours may be distorted and seem less distinct. This effect, called clarity, influences the resolution of fine details. Unlike haze, clarity is distancedependent, and deteriorates as the distance between the specimen and the observed object increases (near/far transparency). Fig. 1 See-through quality of clear specimens Milky/hazy appearance (high haze value) Distored, unsharp appearance (low clarity value) Transparency Evaluation Criteria The appearance of a transparent product is a function of gloss, color and transparency. Essential criteria of transparency are total transmittance, haze and clarity. According to ASTM D 1003, haze is the percentage of transmitted light that deviates from the incident beam by more than 2.5 on the average. Clarity can be evaluated at angles of less than 2.5. Total transmittance is the ratio of total transmitted light to incident light. It is reduced by reflectance and absorbance.

33 Notes: measurement range is automatically switched over to a display with two decimal places. mean is taken across the illumi nated surface of the specimen. Since it cannot be assumed that optical characteristics will be uniform over the entire surface of the specimen, we recommend taking readings at a variety of points on the specimen, and using the mean. readings from dirty, scratched or otherwise damaged areas of the specimen, unless you want to obtain the measurements as an indication of the severity of such damage, for example in measuring abrasion resistance (Taber Abraser). plane-parallel as possible; a wedge shape will deflect light. readings note the specimen thickness, since absorbance and scattering increase in direct proportion to thickness. characteristics may affect transparency measurements. Particularly when specimens are glossy on one side and dull on the other, the same surface should always be directed toward the sphere aperture. sphere inlet reflects light from the specimen within the sphere. This improves the sphere s efficiency, and the measured total transmittance will be slightly higher. For completely clear specimens, you can obtain precise transmittance values by keeping the specimen at the clarity port during the transmittance measurement. Specimens with high levels of scatter should always be placed at the haze port. Here we recommend calibrating the instrument with a previously measured transmittance standard (see Section 5.3). This standard must have a surface reflectivity similar to that of the specimens to be measured. plane-parallel walls and an edge length of at least 50 mm may be used to take readings on liquids. Appropriate cuvettes are listed in the Ordering Guide. know whether scattering is caused by internal scatterers or surface structure. In these cases, surface scattering can be eliminated by immersing the specimen during the readings in a liquid with the same refractive index as the specimen. Only bulk scattering will then come into play.

34 10. Changing Lamps and Fuses Changing Lamps CAUTION: Before changing a lamp, switch off the instrument, unplug it from the power source, and let the lamp cool. Remove the cover above the display by unscrewing the two screws and pushing the cover toward the back. Unplug the lamp unit from the cable connecting it to the rest of the unit. The lamp unit is secured in place with a knurled screw. Unscrew this and carefully withdraw the lamp unit from its clip. Do not reach into the interior of the instrument, and be careful not to let anything drop through the instrument opening. Now insert the new lamp unit carefully into its seating. Do not touch the glass body of the lamp with your bare fingers. Oily residues will burn permanently onto the glass. If you unintentionally touch the glass, it must be cleaned with rubbing alcohol. Secure the lamp unit with the knurled screw and plug it back onto the cable. Make sure no objects have been left inside the instrument, and then close the cover by slipping it into the guide from the rear and fastening it to the chassis with the two screws. The instrument must be recalibrated after a lamp is changed.

35 Changing Fuses CAUTION: Before changing a fuse, switch off the instrument and unplug it from the power source. CAUTION: For continued protection against risk of fire replace only with same type and rating of fuse. With a suitable tool (No. 2 screwdriver), remove the fuse holder from the fuse housing (on the left side of the unit). Replace the defective fuse with a new one. Use only the type of fuse specified in the Technical Specifications (Chapter 12). Now reinsert the fuse holder so that the mark points to the appropriate line voltage. Never use reconditioned fuses or fuses of the wrong type or size. The mark on the fuse housing must coincide with the mark for the appropriate line voltage on the line voltage selector.

36 11. Interface Description The instrument is equipped with a serial interface (RS-232) by way of which the instrument can be controlled and measurement data can be processed further by a PC, or data can be output on an appropriate printer. The unit has a 9-pin Sub-D connector for data transfer. Transfer Rate and Format Serial asynchronous transfer is preset on the instrument, and is performed with the following format: 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit. Control Commands haze-gard plus 9 PC 3 TxD RxD 3 2 RxD TxD 2 7 RTS CTS 5 8 CTS RTS 4 5 GND GND 7 4Fh (ASCII code for 0 ) Starts online operation. The instrument transmits a 4Fh and sends back a 21h as the acknowledgement signal. disabled, except for the <operate> and <reference> buttons and the foot switch. Then the instrument status (10 bytes) is transmitted to the computer.

38 For values over 99.9, the fourth byte is always a blank (20h). The number of decimal digits matches the value appearing on the instrument display. If the specimen must be moved from the haze port to the clarity port, a 77h (ASCII code for lowercase w ) is sent between the associated measured values. In Continuous Mode, only one measured value is transmitted to the PC if the PC has previously transmitted a 04h (= operate). In this case, only the measured value for the current measuring geometry is transmitted (only one geometry is possible in Continuous Mode). For this, the instrument sends the PC a 66h (ASCII code for lower-case f ) and then four (ASCII) characters for the value, as for individual measurements. The transfer concludes with a 0 byte. Since only one parameter can be measured while the instrument is in Continuous Mode, define the parameter you want as a single parameter before activating Continuous Mode. Online Mode is terminated with 50h (ASCII code for P ). Readout of a Statistics Memory Sending 51h (ASCII code for Q ) notifies the instrument that a statistics memory is to be read out. The instrument acknowledges the request and waits for the number of the statistics memory that corresponds with the associated measuring mode (e.g., 06h = T&H&C). After receipt of the number of the statistic memory, the number of measured values is transferred. Then come the measured values (2 byte = 1 Integer LSB, MSB) and after this time and date when the measurements were taken (time = 2 bytes, mm:hh; date = 3 bytes, dd:mm:yy). The transmitted year is the difference between the current year and Following the sequence of the selected geometry, values are multiplied by 100 (up to 2 decimal places possible) and transmitted to the PC as integers (2 bytes LSB, MSB). Readout of a statistics memory is also possible in Online Mode.

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USBASIC SAFETY IN NUMBERS #1.Current Normalisation Ropes Courses and Ropes Course Elements can conform to one or more of the following European Norms: -EN 362 Carabiner Norm -EN 795B Connector Norm -EN

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