Here I will post some short pieces on Sarala Mahabharata. Sarala Das is known as the "aadikavi" (the first poet) of Oriya Literature. He lived and wrote in the 15th Century. Mahabharat is his magnum opus. The episodes in Sarala's Mahabharat are significantly different from those in Vyasa's (Sanskrit) Mahabharat.

Tuesday, March 3, 2015

WHAT HAPPENED TO GANDIVA IN SARALA MAHABHARATA

Is what a friend wanted to know.

As the Pandavas were climbing up
the cold Himalayas to submit themselves to death, they had no weapons with
them. They had discarded them. Except Arjuna, who had his divine bow, Gandiva,
with him. It is not that he wanted it for his or his brother’s protection in
the mountains. It is just that he was deeply attached to it. It is not clear
from the narrative whether for keeping the bow he had the permission of
Yudhisthira or the approval of his brothers.

But whatever is given is taken
away, sometimes early, sometimes late. Krishna had given him a fraction of his kala (attribute) and he withdrew it when
he was giving up his mortal form. Told by Sahadeva not to do so, Arjuna would
not touch him, despite Krishna’s pleading. So he requested Arjuna to extend Gandiva
towards him so that he could have a feel of his dearest sakha (friend) at least indirectly; isn’t a touch of someone
dearest soothing when one is in pain? That’s the way Arjuna thought and as he held
out the bow, the avatara touched it and with that he withdrew his attribute. At
once Arjuna became like any other mortal. The youngest Pandava, who knew
everything, knew that the avatara would not return from the world incomplete,
leaving a bit of him behind. So he had asked his brother not to touch him, no
matter how heart-rending his pleading. But there are limits to human
intelligence; the purna avatara (complete manifestation of all attributes) was not bound by any.

It was fire god Agni’s turn now.
At the time of the burning of the forest of Khandava, he had given this divine
bow to Arjuna. Now he manifested and told Arjuna that he had come to take back
Gandiva. Arjuna refused right away. It was not merely a weapon for him; he
loved and respected it so profoundly that he had taken an oath that he would not
forgive any disrespect to either Krishna or Gandiva – just them; no Kunti, no
Yudhisthira, no Draupadi - and would kill the offender. Everyone knew of his
oath. Thus once he was going to kill Yudhisthira when he insulted Gandiva.
Krishna intervened and saved the sanctity of Arjuna’s oath and Yudhisthira’s
life both. That story that does not concern us here.

Agni pleaded with him but Arjuna
was reluctant. This was when Yudhisthira intervened. He sharply told Arjuna
that if he was so attached to his bow he should return to Hastinapura and
assist King Parikshita in the protection of the kingdom. Arjuna got the message
and gave his bow to the god. It must have dawned on him that clinging to
worldly things, including the divine ones given by gods, was actually clinging
to life. Attachment to life negated the last jajna that he was performing along with his brothers and Draupadi
in the sacred Himalayas.

Then Agni said something that was
intended as much for him as for the listeners of the great narrative, sitting
in front of Sarala more than five centuries ago, and also his listeners and
readers since then: Arjuna should not feel disappointed. In future times
Mahabharata would be re-enacted again and again and Arjuna would return again and
again, and at that time he would give back Gandiva to him. The poet does not
tell us what these words meant to Arjuna - if at all he registered them - but
he informs and warns those who were listening to him and those who would in
future about the human conditions, about the inevitabilities.

Sarala does not tell us whether there
would be Krishna in the future enactments of Mahabharata. He knew that there was
no point trying to figure out what Narayana would do. He knew that He is beyond
the comprehension of anyone – man or god. He knew that Agni knew it too.