M: Well, Jenny, the school year is almost over. We just have two more weeks before exams. What do you plan to do this summer? F: I'm going to teach English to some immigrants in the university's community service program. M: That sounds interesting. Don't you need to speak a foreign language for a job like that? F: No, you don't. You just have to present the language simply and give the students a chance to practice speaking. M: Come to think of it, that's the way I was taught to speak Chinese. But speaking Chinese didn't help me learn to read and write Chinese. F: My students won't want to read and write English, at least not now. They are more interested in speaking. M: You sound very knowledgeable about all this, How do you know so much? F: I took a Teaching English as a Second Language course last year when you were in China. I've also talked with the program administrators quite a lot. I think I would like to be an ESL teacher when I graduate.

M: Well, Jenny, the school year is almost over. We just have two more weeks before exams. What do you plan to do this summer? F: I'm going to teach English to some immigrants in the university's community service program. M: That sounds interesting. Don't you need to speak a foreign language for a job like that? F: No, you don't. You just have to present the language simply and give the students a chance to practice speaking. M: Come to think of it, that's the way I was taught to speak Chinese. But speaking Chinese didn't help me learn to read and write Chinese. F: My students won't want to read and write English, at least not now. They are more interested in speaking. M: You sound very knowledgeable about all this, How do you know so much? F: I took a Teaching English as a Second Language course last year when you were in China. I've also talked with the program administrators quite a lot. I think I would like to be an ESL teacher when I graduate.

M: Is the school year almost over? F: Yes, the school year is almost over. M: Is Jenny talking to Bob? F: Yes, Jenny is talking to Bob. M: Has she gotten a job for the summer? F: Yes, she has gotten a job for the summer. M: Is she going to teach English to some immigrants in the university's community service program? F: Yes, she is going to teach English to some immigrants in the university's community service program. M: Will it be a helpful experience for her? F: Yes, it will be a helpful experience for her. M: Did she take an English as a Second Language course last year? F: Yes, she took an English as a Second Language course last year. M: Had she thought about being an ESL teacher before she took that course? F: Yes, she had thought about being an ESL teacher before she took that course.

M: The immigrants would like to learn English. M: enroll in an English class F: The immigrants would like to enroll in an English class. M: need to F: The immigrants need to enroll in an English class. M: make a living in the U.S. F: The immigrants need to make a living in the U.S. M: talk to people in English F: The immigrants need to talk to people in English. M: want to F: The immigrants want to talk to people in English. M: communicate with people in English F: The immigrants want to communicate with people in English. M: resettle in the U.S. F: The immigrants want to resettle in the U.S. M: hope to F: The immigrants hope to resettle in the U.S. M: establish themselves in the U.S. F: The immigrants hope to establish themselves in the U.S. M: become American citizens F: The immigrants hope to become American citizens.

M: Did some of them study English before they left their homelands? F: Yes, some of them studied English before they left their homelands. M: Did some of them enroll in school as soon as they resettled in the U.S? F: Yes, some of them enrolled in school as soon as they resettled in the U.S. M: Did some of them go to night school after they started working full time? F: Yes, some of them went to night school after they started working full time. M: Have they picked up some idiomatic expressions since they moved to the U.S.? F: Yes, some of them have picked up some idiomatic expressions since they moved to the U.S. M: Do they try to speak English whenever they have a chance? F: Yes, they try to speak English whenever they have a chance.

M: They feel discouraged when they have difficulties. M: when they make a mistake F: They feel discouraged when they make a mistake. M: They feel embarrassed. F: They feel embarrassed when they make a mistake. M: when they don't understand what people say F: They feel embarrassed when they don't understand what people say. M: They feel helpless. F: They feel helpless when they don't understand what people say. M: They feel nervous. F: They feel nervous when they don't understand what people say. M: when they express their thoughts in English F: They feel nervous when they express their thoughts in English.

M: Those who want to understand a foreign culture need to learn a foreign language. M: who want to do business with a foreign company F: Those who want to do business with a foreign company need to learn a foreign language. M: who want to negotiate with a foreign corporation F: Those who want to negotiate with a foreign corporation need to learn a foreign language. M: who want to communicate with foreigners F: Those who want to communicate with foreigners need to learn a foreign language. M: who want to travel in a foreign country F: Those who want to travel in a foreign country need to learn a foreign language. M: who want to live in a foreign country F: Those who want to live in a foreign country need to learn a foreign language.

M: Foreign languages impress Bob. F: Bob is impressed with foreign languages. M: His parents have always encouraged him to study a foreign language. F: He has always been encouraged to study a foreign language. M: His mother had taught him Chinese when he was small. F: He had been taught Chinese when he was small. M: His Chinese instructor told him about the study-abroad program when he was a university student. F: He was told about the study-abroad program when he was a university student. M: He hopes that a university in China will offer him a scholarship to study there someday. F: He hopes that he will be offered a scholarship to study in China someday.

The United States is primarily an English speaking country. The majority of the population speaks English as their native language. Business, education and most public aspects of life are conducted in English. Across the country, people pronounce English sounds in several different ways and some regional vocabulary differences exist, but for the most part, Americans speak one common language. This language is sometimes called American English. However, not everyone in the U.S. is a native speaker of English. Most immigrants to the country are speakers of other languages. There are hundreds of communities around the U.S. where English is not the most commonly used language. Chinese, Italian, German, Armenian, Greek, Vietnamese and French are all spoken in numerous communities in the U.S. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language after English in the U. S. It is widely spoken in New York and across the southern part of the country. For speakers of other languages, learning English is important, but traditionally teaching people to speak English as a second language was given little attention. Non-English speakers were expected to "pick up" the language through contact in public. Recently, this has changed. Today, most large public schools and community colleges have ESL, English as a Second Language, programs. American English teachers feel that English students should learn the language the way they will be using it. Therefore, ESL programs teach different English lessons to different students. Some programs teach students to communicate in English in public. Other programs teach the kind of English people will need on their jobs. American ESL instructional methods emphasize the importance of communication to language learning. These methods do not feature grammatical explanations and translation. The instructional goal is to get the English learners to learn by using their target language.

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µÚÒ»¸öÎÊÌâÊÇ: M: What languages are spoken in the United States? F: Many languages are spoken in the United States.

µÚ¶þ¸öÎÊÌâÊÇ: M: Where can one take English as a Second Language courses in the U.S.? F: One can take ESL courses in public schools and community colleges.

µÚÈý¸öÎÊÌâÊÇ: M: What do American methods of teaching ESL emphasize? F: They emphasize communication.