Generally, they are threaded into a small hole in the tank Tee. The other small port is for a pressure gauge. Sometimes they connect directly to a small port on the pump but pulses there could cause the pump to short cycle.

Without a tank you don't want to use a pressure switch, just connect an on/off switch.
I suspect that 30' of 12 guage wire is to small for a 1-1/2 hp pump. Look up an electrical wire/motor chart (wire size/distance/motor hp). It sounds like the motor is overheating due to lack of proper voltage/current.

Without a tank you don't want to use a pressure switch, just connect an on/off switch.
I suspect that 30' of 12 guage wire is to small for a 1-1/2 hp pump. Look up an electrical wire/motor chart (wire size/distance/motor hp). It sounds like the motor is overheating due to lack of proper voltage/current.

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have 40' from pole to shed and 50' from shed to pump. 12 gauge. I have a new 35/50 regulater but no pressure guage.

If the voltage is set wrong the wiring may not get hot but the internal overload would see a abnormal amount of current and trip the motors internal auto-reset breaker. Would run at half speed or less, or 2X speed until it burns up the start winding and / or start Capacitor.

That motor should have a Voltage changing switch under the rear motor cover.

You'll need to get an electrician to see if 230 volts is available in the shed and if so wire in a 230 volt circuit with a double pole disconnect so that you can run the pump on 230. Also verify that the pump is actually set to 230 volts.

First you said it was 30 feet from shed to pump, now it's 50 feet plus another 40 feet from the pole for a total of 90 feet. Is that a single 12/2 feed from the pole to the shed as well? How much more wire between the service entrance and the pole or is the pole central metering? Is there 230 volts available at the pole?