Psychological testing of minorities: Inspiration from methodology of cross-cultural psychology
Čeněk, J.; Urbánek, Tomáš
2018 - English
This presentation is focused on the problematics of psychological testing and the adaptation of psychological methods in Czech Republic. The emphasis is placed on the testing of Czech minorities. The goal of the presentation is to summarize the current state of psychological testing in Czech Republic, to indicate certain limits in the quality of Czech psychological tests, and to propose steps that could be used to improve the state. Cross-cultural psychology offers a set of principles and methods, both of qualitative and quantitative nature, which can be used not only for the evaluation of the existing psychological tests with respect to the tested populations (e. g. minorities), but also for the successful creation or adaptation of new tests.
Keywords:
adaptation of psychological methods; cultural bias; emic/etic; equivalenceFulltext is available at external website.Psychological testing of minorities: Inspiration from methodology of cross-cultural psychology

This presentation is focused on the problematics of psychological testing and the adaptation of psychological methods in Czech Republic. The emphasis is placed on the testing of Czech minorities. The ...

What accounts for successful aging? – A dialogical self view
Filip, Miroslav; Poláčková Šolcová, Iva
2018 - English
From the psychological perspective, older adults who are unsuccessful in aging (experiencing, for instance, depression, low well-being, or low life satisfaction) have been often considered unable to accept their own past including life losses. However, such an explanation may be too trivial. For example, an inability to accept the past may be a natural component of depressive thinking and not a separate variable that accounts for depression. Unsuccessful aging can alternatively be explained by focusing on processes of meaning construction of various aspects of one’s own life. The theory of the dialogical self describes these processes in terms of the development of an internal dialogue. An aging-successful older adult should develop a lifereviewing internal dialogue with adaptive features, such as differentiation or integration of various and often contradictory „I-positions.” Methods: Narrative analyses based on the theory of the dialogical self were applied to Life Story Interviews with 32 older adults (aged from 70 to 93 years). According to the presence of the adaptive features in narratives, various types of life-reviewing internal dialogues were identi-fied. The validity of these types was examined by their scores on the Reminiscence Function Scale (RFS). Respondents who used the respective types were compared in terms of well-being (Mood Adjective Checklist - MAC) and meaningfulness of life (Meaning in Life Questionnaire - MLQ). Results/Discussion: The narrative analysis yielded three types of life-reviewing dialogues according to how they are elaborated and adaptive: differentiated dialogue (low adaptive), progressive dialogue, and integrated dialogue (highly adaptive). The validity of these types was sup-\nported by differences on the RFS: participants with the progressive dialogue reported more frequent reminiscence activities to resolve past conflicts and to reconstruct their identity. As hy-\npothesized, scores indicating successful aging on the scales MAC and MLQ were higher in respondents with the integrated life-reviewing dialogue.
Keywords:
successful aging; dialogical self theory; narrative analysis; life review; reminiscenceFulltext is available at external website.What accounts for successful aging? – A dialogical self view

From the psychological perspective, older adults who are unsuccessful in aging (experiencing, for instance, depression, low well-being, or low life satisfaction) have been often considered unable to ...

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