Health Remedies - Rheumatic Disorder

Stomach disorders,hysteria and as an aphrodisiac (seed); venereal diseases and sexual disorders (in men).The roots, seeds, and sometimes leaves, are used in traditional Indian medicines for a variety of illnesses including intestinal complaints, constipation, dyspepsia, and gonorrhea (Oudhia, 2001a).Roots and leaves are cures for gonorrhea (Agharkar 1991). Even use against venomous reptiles has been reported (Lindley 1985). The poultice of leaves and roots are used for boils, cystitis, fever, headache, rheumatism and vericose vein.

In leucorrhoea, prolapsus uteri, prolapsus ani, diarrhoea, gangrene, and in aphthous and other oral ulcerations (bark); pleurisy orchitis from mumps, peritonitis, and all inflammations caused by cold, to all sprains and bruises and to lumbago, rheumatism and sciatica, in herpes, moist eczema, fevers and psoriasis (oil)

As a wash for sore and infected eyes and as a gargle for sore throats (gum from bark); in the treatment of stomach problems and TB (root bark or stem); to ease rheumatism or to the chest to treat lung haemorrhages (poultice); in the treatment of colds (leaves)

A folk remedy for kidney stones, stomach problems and rheumatism (inner bark); in the treatment of stomach pains, trembling and fits (root and bark); on purulent wounds, bad burns, skin rashes, scabies and persistent scabs (resin mixed with oil); in treating respiratory infections and kidney problems (gum or leaves); as a bath or a rub in treating dry skin or sores (leaves)

Used in snakebite; antispasmodic, cytostatic, emetic, nervine and purgative (root);it is also considered useful in the treatment of nervous disorders and rheumatic fever (Coventry,1923).In India it is used in the treatment of rheumatism, goitre and asthma.

For asthma and intermittent fever; used also as an expectorant in cases of chronic bronchitis and phthisis. On rheumatic joints, as a counter-irritant on inflammatory swellings, on fresh wounds, urticaria and in neuralgia.

For asthma, with continual dyspnoea, non-paroxysmal, tightness in the chest and about the heart, bronchial irritation with constriction, sense of constriction, tightness or uneasiness in the rectum, accompanied or not with hemorrhoids, intestinal irritation with constriction and colicky pains near the umbilicus, rheumatism and piles

Reduces fluid retention by increasing the permeability of the capillaries and allowing the re-absorption of excess fluid back into the circulatory system, for the treatment of a wide range of venous diseases, including hardening of the arteries, varicose veins, phlebitis, leg ulcers, haemorrhoids and frostbite (plant); in the treatment of malaria and dysentery, externally in the treatment of lupus and skin ulcers (tea from bark); fevers and whooping cough (leaves); in the treatment of rheumatism, neuralgia and haemorrhoids (seeds)

In edema (plant extract); leucorrhea (root); whooping cough (leaf) and vascular disorders (such as hemorrhoids , varicose veins and phlebitis); astringent, acrid and narcotic (seeds); for skin disease and rheumatism (oil from seed); the seed is given to horses suffering from colic; an anthelmintic on horses.

Promotes the appetite and is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, rheumatism and jaundice, for expelling flatulence, for troubles arising from menopause and for various uterine disorders (root); It is used as a female tonic in loss of virility and for debility (decoction of the dried root); in stomach problems and bloody dysentery (infusion of the leaves).

In tuberculosis and as a tonic and laxative (bark decoction); in skin disorders, in dysentery, chronic diarrhea and fever, in heart diseases, asthma and to stop bleeding of wounds; for deafness (bark); in leprosy and dyspepsia (fresh bark juice); for beri-beri and liver congestion (decoction of young leaf); to ulcers, sores, tumours and in rheumatic pain, and is used for curing toothache, an antidote for Antiaris- poisoning (the milky juice or latex).

In the treatment of colds, rheumatism etc (leaves); in the treatment of fevers, colds, flatulent colic and other stomach disorders, obstructed menses and as a general tonic for women, as a gargle for sore throats and mouths and as a poultice for broken bones, swellings etc (infusion)

For haematuria and urethritis (ripe fruit juice); to alleviate eczema and other skin afflictions and rheumatism (leaves); as an antidote for poisoning (bark); for all types of cancer, high blood pressure.

Head lice removal (seed); for cancerous tumors (bruised leaves and salt combination), administered in acute dysentery and as a snuff to overcome hysteria (bruised leaves). Leaves made into a paste without adding water are applied to unhealthy ulcers and wounds. The leaf decoction is also employed in baths to alleviate rheumatic pain.

To induce menstruation and was traditionally used to treat supposedly hysterical conditions related to the uterus, as a poultice on piles or to draw splinters out of the body, and can also be applied to the bath water (herb); rheumatism, epilepsy, asthma, colds and fevers (infusion); onto insect stings (leaves)

In the treatment of pulmonary diseases, cough, asthma, rheumatism, stomach aches and cystitis (root); used as a poultice in treating rheumatism, sores, burns, itchy skin, ulcers and skin problems such as eczema (root paste)

In the treatment of pulmonary diseases, asthma, rheumatism etc (herb); to sores, burns, itchy skin, ulcers, swellings etc (root/fruit).Externally it is used as a poultice in treating rheumatism and skin problems such as eczema.

Liver and gallbladder problems, gastritis, ulcers, the initial onset of diabetes, alopecia, skin diseases (especially eczema), ulcers, in rheumatism, scrofulous gout, cancer, syphilis and in baldness. The herb is employed as an ointment or liniment for
burns, ulcers and other cutaneous diseases.

For urinary tract complaints, including cystitis and urolithiasis, to treat rashes, skin sores etc, and as a wash for a baby's head, as an eyewash, a mouthwash for cankers and sore gums and as a poultice for back pains, rheumatism, burns etc. (leaves)

Chronic ulcers and as an aphrodisiac (root powder); skin diseases (latex); as a tonic, in gonorrhea and disorders of the nervous system (root); rheumatism (root and latex); for male sexual disorders (plant).

An external treatment for bruises and sprains (Castro, 1990 and Bown, 1995); in the treatment of heart complaints and as a booster for the immune system. Arnica is used topically for a wide range of conditions including bruises, sprains, muscle aches, wound healing, acne, superficial phlebitis, rheumatic pain, inflammation from insect bites, and swelling due to fractures.

In the treatment of digestive disorders and sore throats, to treat pneumonia, bad colds with coughing and bronchitis, for rheumatism, to relieve pain during child birthing (leaves); as a liniment on cuts, sores etc (crushed plant)

To help lower blood sugar levels and to exert a protective influence on the liver, gastro-intestinal disorders, diarrhoea, water retention, mastitis, fistula, rheumatoid arthritis and night blindness (rhizome)

As an expectorant (bark juice) and in catarrh (of children) (plant juice); in whooping cough and bronchitis (plant decoction); for wounds (leaf). as a poultice to promote healing of wounds and to relieve rheumatic pains, scabies and itches (crushed leaves); as a gargle to relieve toothache (leaf decoction).

In the treatment of catarrh, rheumatism, arthritis, liver and kidney disorders, as a blood purifier etc (herb); to wounds, bruises, for mouth ulcers (leaves); for the treatment of scorbutic complaints and eczema (root)

Rheumatism, sciatica and long-term inflammations of the urinary tract. Used in treating intermittent fevers (inner bark); in the treatment of gout, dropsy and rheumatism, and is recommended as a reliable solvent of kidney stones (leaf infusion); for bathing skin eruptions (leaves and bark decoction)

In the treatment of various skin afflictions, especially eczema and psoriasis (inner bark); in the treatment of gout, dropsy and rheumatism, and is recommended as a reliable solvent of kidney stones (leaves)

Hemorrhoids, as a poultice to cleanse infected wounds and skin diseases, to lower blood sugar,in the treatment of asthma, gout and rheumatism (leaf); increases secretion of gastric juices (leaf and seed).

For treating rheumatism and arthritis, whilst a hot poultice is a traditional remedy for chilblains, for rheumatism, arthritis and gout (plant); in the treatment of coughs, colds, bladder and kidney disorders, cystitis etc (flowering shoot)

Leprosy and rheumatism (seed oil); in scabies (seed kernel); to treat eye disease, scabies, cutaneous diseases, gonorrhoea and gleet, rheumatism and gout. Used as an inhalation in migraine and vertigo.

Useful in cough, asthma and inflammations (root bark); as a poultice on boils and swellings, to relieve toothache (tender leaves); in remittent fevers and rheumatism (stem bark); to animals for stomach disturbances (decoction of ariel parts).

For atony of the intestines and stomach, indigestion, dipsomania, catarrh, relieving chronic congestion, relaxed uvula (tincture powder), as a powerful external rubefacient (without blistering), in lumbago, rheumatism and neuralgia. It is taken internally in the treatment of the cold stage of fevers, debility in convalescence or old age, varicose veins, asthma and digestive problems. Externally it is used in the treatment of sprains, unbroken chilblains, neuralgia, pleurisy etc. It is an effective sea-sickness preventative. It is useful for Bursitis, Diabetic neuropathy, Osteoarthritis, Psoriasis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Shingles (herpes zoster) and postherpetic neuralgia. Cayenne pepper exerts a number of beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system.

Sores and pain related to rheumatism (seed oil); jaundice (flower); laxative (seed); boils, candida infections, dysmenorrhea, rashes, fever, gout, gynecopathy, lack of apetite, measles, tumors, as an antidote, an emmenagogue, in cases of hysteria, such as that associated with chlorosis; poultice used to ally inflammation of the womb after child birth (powdered seed).

Stomach problems, bronchitis, to increase the production of breast milk in nursing mothers (seed); rheumatism and lumbago (seed vapor); in cancer, cholera, abscesses, flatulence, halitosis, headache and as an emmenagogue; "Caraway water" is used as a veh.

In arthritis, rheumatism, skin diseases, ulcers, to remove the pain,it resolves inflammation, paralysis, stone in the kidney, fevers. in remittent and intermittent fevers, diarrhea and dysentery (bark); in the treatment of ulcers (powder); bilious fevers and inveterate diarrhea arising from atony of the muscular fiber.

Anemia (root and leaf); stomach worms (plant oil); for treating burns (leaf juice); as a wash or poultice to bug bites, sunstroke, rheumatic joints and swollen feet, whilst a decoction is used for carious teeth (leaves); urinary problems and are considered useful for relieving the discharge of semen through the urine (seeds)

In the treatment of various problems related to the urinary system, it is also prescribed for more serious conditions such as kidney stones and gonorrhoea (plant); in cardiac and kidney diseases, chronic rheumatism and scrofula (fresh leaves)

Aids in relieving stomach cramps and for irritation of the gastrointestinal tract; diarrhea and dysentery (where it is sometimes given with chalk); rectal, stomach and uterine cancer (decoction); also used in rheumatism, neuralgia, toothache and in parala and paralysis of tongue.

In indigestion (leaf); as a sedative (in hysteria), carminative, aphrodisiac, as a nervine depressant in chorea, epilepsy, convulsions and rheumatism, in urogenital disorders, pruritis and as an antidote (in strychnine poisoning) (essential plant oil). Camphor liniment is used for relief of pain in muscular rheumatism.

In stomach problems and as a laxative (fruit); in the treatment of swollen legs, in bronchitis and as a tonic (leaves); in fever, inflammation, for eyes, skin and hands and internally is taken for dysentery, diarrhoea and rheumatism, nervous and hysterical cases (flowers); in gout and rheumatism (oil).

In fighting scurvy, inflammations, rheumatism, diarrhea, dysentery and reducing fever (juice); cleansing the eye (diluted juice). Lemons are an excellent preventative medicine and have a wide range of uses in the domestic medicine. Applied locally, the juice is a good astringent and is used as a gargle for sore throats etc. It is also a good antiperiodic and a substitute for quinine in treating malaria and other fevers.

Healing cuts, intermittent and remittent fevers, to treat scrofula and veneral diseases. The leaves are mucilaginous, bitter and fragrant; the root, boiled in oil, is used as a liniment for treating rheumatism.

Menstrual problems (root); as a diuretic and tonic (seed); for abdominal tumours, oesophageal, gastrointestinal, and lung cancers, various tumours, as well as excrescences, warts, in the treatment of lung abscess, lobar pneumonia,appendicitis, rheumatoid arthritis, beriberi, diarrhoea, oedema and difficult urination (fruits); in influenza (root or young leaves).

Intenstinal problems (such as indigestion and vomitting) (seed infusion); rheumatism, neuralgia, hemorrhoids (when bleeding). headache and eye infections. It settles spasms in the gut and counters the effects of nervous tension. Externally the seeds have been used as a lotion or have been bruised and used as a poultice to treat rheumatic pains.

As a laxative, snakebite anitidote, in amenorrhea, skin maladies, rheumatism, neuralgia and chronic bronchitis (seed and oil). The oil is useful in dropsy, obstinate constipation, intestinal obstructions, and lead poisoning; as a preliminary laxative in leprosy; and as a revulsive in apoplexy.

Snakebite, problems with the bowel and jaundice (root); as an emmenagogue (tuber); conjunctivitis (MeOH extract of root followed by an extract with water), powder and decoction to treat fever, diarrhoea, erysipelas, rheumatic ailments, alcoholism, loose teeth, cough, vomiting, thirst, epilepsy, wound due to accident and eye diseases. It strengthens the digestive system and hence is a good appetizer.

In anasarca and dropsy (plant); rheumatism (tuber decoction). The tuber is used as an external application to disperse swellings, and also as a tonic. Its decoction is used externally to relieve rheumatism.

For desensitization, arthritis, rheumatism, prostatitis, as contraceptives and in the treatment of various disorders of the genitary organs as well as in a host of other diseases such as asthma and arthritis (root)

For skin disease (heated leaves); to reduce fever, to treat eczema, and to heal ulcers (decoction of barks); to relieve fever, colic, gout and rheumatism, and as a treatment for venereal diseases (leaf decoction); for flatulence (wood powder)

Snakebite and fever (plant decoction); as a carminative, a restorative agent and in diabetes. The crushed plant mixed with water is used as a restorative. The whole plant, dried, powdered and mixed with honey, is used as a blood-purifier and to relieve dropsy, rheumatism, abdominal ulcers, hernia, swellings, itches, insect poisoning and to expel worms.

Lower back problems (related to the musculoskeleton) and rheumatism. Horsetail is found beneficial in dropsy, gravel and kidney affections. The ashes of the plant are considered very valuable in acidity of the stomach, dyspepsia, etc. Besides being useful in kidney and bladder trouble, a strong decoction acts as an emmenagogue; being cooling and astringent, it is of efficacy for haemorrhage, cystic ulceration and ulcers in the urinary passages. The decoction applied externally will stop the bleeding of wounds and quickly heal them, and will also reduce the swelling of eyelids. Horsetails have an unusual chemistry compared to most other plants.

In rheumatism, asthma, spasmodic throat troubles, increases cardiac action, chronic bronchitis, skin diseases and for burns (essential oil of leaf and aerial part); in sporadic fevers (alcohol extract of bark and leaf); alleviating spasms (leaf); for relieving coughs and colds, sore throats and other infections (leaves essential oil); in the treatment of diarrhoea and bladder inflammation, externally it is applied to cuts etc (resin); in the form of a tincture in asthma and chronic bronchitis (dried leaves).

Syphilis, bronchitis, asthma, anasarca, dropsy and whitlow (plant); used as external application in cutaneous affections, rheumatism, toothache and ulcers. Its stem-decoction is beneficial in gout and nervous diseases.

For hemorrhoids, circulatory system problems such as vericose ulcers, veins, in colic, choleic, diarrhoea and abdominal obstructions (plant); for bruises in the patients of rheumatoid arthritis (leaves); for restoring the flow of milk in nursing mothers (poultice from the seeds)

For lumbago, rheumatism, external pains, sores and ulcers, soles of the feet when cracked or inflamed and toothache (latex); in diarrhea and dysentery (bark and young bud infusion); as a poultice in abscesses (heated leaves); in diabetes (bark); as a tonic (bark and seed); in vomiting, to scalp to grow hair long (paste) and for menorrhagia (root); in gonorrhoea (root-fibres); is good tonic, effective in diabetes, dysentery, gonorrhoea and in seminal weakness (infusion of bark).

Problems of the bowel and in rheumatism (fruit rind decoction); able to decrease the acidity and to increase the mucosal defence in the gastric areas, thereby justifying its use as an antiulcerogenic agent, as a heart tonic and lowers the production of triglycerides and cholesterol. It also has the ability to slow production of fat and help the body metabolize it more efficiently.

In rheumatism, neuralgia, sciatica, for gout, stiffness due to old age and as a carminative (essential oil); for coughs, effective against hookworms (leaf juice); lowers blood pressure (50% EtOH aerial part extract).

In respiratory, cardiac and blood disorders, as well as in fever. For diarrhea (bark); in treating rheumatism (root bark); for strangury and gonorrhoea (roots); applied on skin eruptions and they are known to have antibiotic action (leaves).

Employed in the treatment of bronchial, laryngeal and pulmonary affections, coughs and colds, also in whooping cough. The crushed leaves are used as a poultice on sores, swellings, snakebites and spider bites. A tea made from the flowers is used in the treatment of malaria and lung ailments. A decoction of the roots has been used as a warm wash on rheumatic aches and pains.

As an aphrodisiac and a tonic (seed); in cancer and tubercular fistula (plant); in urogenital disorders (such as spermatorrhea) and impotence, as a uterine sedative for pregnant women and for treating diseases of the blood and biliousness, to treat rheumatism, gonorrhoea, jaundice, anasarca, diarrhoea, dysentery, thirst, urinary calculi and urinary discharges, inflammations, biliousness, diseases of the eyes, pains, high blood pressure, ascites and abdominal troubles, anaemia, constipation and anuria.

Rheumatism (plant); diabetes and as an analgesic specifically used for pain affecting the urinary tract, especially when due to kidney stones(leaf); dilating the pupil of the eye (plant juice); alleviating spasms (including in the urinary tract), in treating Parkinson's disease, anxiety disorders, asthma, whooping cough, motion sickness, Meniere's syndrome and for inducing sleep. Externally, it is used as an oil to relieve painful conditions such as neuralgia, dental and rheumatic pains. Hyoscyamus has anodyne, narcotic, sedative and mydriatic properties.

As an antidepressant, in mania, apathy, hypersomnia, and insomnia, anorexia, psychomotor retardation, depression feelings of worthlessness, anxiety disorders and aids in healing wounds and ulcers (for nervous disorders. the drug may take as long as a month before any effects are noticed). It is also used for menopausal changes triggering irritability and anxiety. In addition to neuralgic pain, it will ease fibrositis, sciatica and rheumatic pain.

Externally it is a healing and anti-inflammatory remedy. As a lotion it will speed the healing of wounds and bruises, varicose veins and mild burns. The oil is especially useful for the healing of sunburn. It has the calming properties, useful in treating bedwetting, insomnia, and other nervous conditions, as well as some form of melancholy. An oil extract of the herb can be taken for stomach ache, colic, intestinal problems, and as an expectorant for the congestion in the lungs. A tea made from the flowers is good for anemia, headache, insomnia, jaundice, chest congestion, and catarrh. A tea made from the herb has been used for uterine cramping and menstrual difficulties. The oil extract also make a good external application for burns, wounds, sores, bruises, and other skin problems.

Leaves are used as an external application for rheumatism, dropsy and colic. The juice of the leaves is given as a diuretic in dropsy and at the same time the bruised leaves are applied to the dropsical part. The seeds are used as a remedy for stomachache and cramp. The stem juice is applied to bites and stings of fishes. The dried juice of the root is used as a purgative. A decoction of the roots and leaves is used in rheumatism, gout gonorrhoea and dropsy. Juice is given as diuretic in dropsy.

Ulcers and wounds (latex); as a laxative and for scabies (leaf); for indigestion and colic (decoction of dried root); for treating ascites, gout, paralysis and skin diseases (seeds); rheumatic conditions, itch and parasitic skin diseases, and in the treatment of fever, jaundice and gonorrhoea (seed oil)

In urinary tract diseases, dropsy, digestive maladies, maladies associated with the chills, rheumatism and body aches. Oil of Juniper is given as a diuretic, stomachic, and carminative in indigestion, flatulence, and diseases of the kidney and bladder. The oil mixed with lard is also used in veterinary practice as an application to exposed wounds and prevents irritation from flies.
Spirit of Juniper is employed as a stimulating diuretic in cardiac and hepatic dropsy. The fruit is readily eaten by most animals, especially sheep, and to prevent and cure dropsy.

As an emmenagogue, in aching joints, bee stings, boils, burns, candida, condyloma, dermatosis, fever, headache, herpes, hoarseness, hysteria, jaundice, leucorrhea, myalgia, ophthalmia, parturition, spermatorrhea rheumatism, skin irritation, sores, stomach. The leaves and seeds are used in the form of juice, decoction and powder to treat consumption, diabetes and intrinsic haemorrhage. Paste of the leaves are applied externally in case of skin diseases, fungal infections, cracks on feet.
It is employed both internally and locally in jaundice, leprosy, smallpox, and affections of the skin. The fruit has emmenagogue properties. The bark is useful in treating jaundice and enlargement of spleen, calculous affection, as alterative and in skin diseases and leprosy. The leaves are useful in menorrhagia, leucorrhoea and are also applied externally in headache. A decoction of leaves are used as an astringent. The leaf juice mixed with water and sugar is given in spermatorrhoea. The leaves are prophylactic against skin diseases. It is also used for typhoid and haemorrhagic conditions.

Colds (flower); as a toothbrush (twig); as an insecticidal (plant); for psoriasis and chronic skin eruptions (leaf juice); in chronic rheumatism (leaves); for cough and colds in children (flowers with honey). In headache, juice of the root is put into the nostril.

Used as a promoter of gastric secretion, a blood purifier and as an intestinal antiseptic (juice of the fruit); used as corrective for kidneys and a gentle natural stimulant and externally for burns, scalds and sunburn (fruit); used to treat enlarge prostate and the difficulties in urination (skin of fruit); in the treatment of rheumatism and severe headaches (plant); in toothache (decoction of the root).

In ulcers (root bark); as a tonic (flower and bark); in diabetes, in itching, bleeding gums, ulcers, rheumatism, diabetes and as an astringent (bark); in piles (flowers); for skin diseases (seed oil); as a poultice for eczema (leaves).

For malaria and rheumatism (bark); for prickly heat itching, for sores and as a steam bath for treating dropsy (decoction); reduces the blood pressure, produces a slight acceleration in respiration but has no action on the heart (plant)

In rheumatism, diphtheria and diarrhea (bark and flower); diabetes, scalds and burns (leaf); for severe bleeding, catarrh, hemoptysis, external ulcers, toothache and for preventing plaques of the teeth; in cases of diarrhea, chronic dysentery, catarrh of the bladder and chronic urethritis resulting from gonorrhea (dried mango flowers); on cracks in the feet and on scabies, and is used to treat syphilis (resinous gum from the trunk); as vermifuges and as astringents in diarrhea, hemorrhages and bleeding hemorrhoids (kernel decoction and powder); for diarrhea, fever, chest complaints, diabetes, hypertension etc (leaf decoction); scurvy and sthomachache (fruit)

To treat diarrhoea with blood, hiccough, leucorrhoea for conception and bleeding piles (stamens and flowers), the leaves are applied to the head in the form of a poultice for severe colds, for sores, scabies, wounds, and rheumatism (seed oil), antidote for snake poison (roots), for bleeding hemorrhoids and dysentery with mucus (dried flowers), are also prescribed for excessive thirst, excessive perspiration, cough, and for indigestion (fresh flowers).

For indigestion, boils, itching, nausea and fever (fruit and flower); as an abortifacient (bark). ; roots and are applied to abscesses; in dyspepsia, nausea and fever (infusion of flower); in vertigo and useful in cephalagia, opthalmia, gout and rheumatism (flower oil); for healing cracks in feet (seeds and fruits).

Reducing fever, as an antiseptic and stimulating the secretion of gastric juices (plant); gout and rheumatism (root); to relieve fevers (flowers and tender shoots). An infusion of the plant promotes lochial discharge and is considered a cure for gonorrhoea.

Used in paralytic conditions and intermittent fever; also useful as rubefacient in rheumatism, in spasmodic affections of the bowels, hysteria and flatulence as well as in epilepsy (roots); in diseases of liver and spleen, in tetanus and paralysis (fruit); in rheumatism (seed oil); in dental caries, otalgia and headache (gum).

Alleviating spasms, as a sedative, for swolen areas (due to rheumatism) and skin diseases (leaf); toothache (seed); used externally in the treatment of rheumatic swelling, skin diseases and scorpion stings; applied to stings in order to relieve the pain (wet tobacco leaves).

Gastro-intestinal disorders, asthma, whooping cough, rheumatoid arthritis; to reduce the pains of premenstrual stress syndrome and is beneficial to the skin of the face (seed oil); to piles and bruises (poulticed root); in the treatment of obesity and bowel pains (tea from root).

For reducing fever and alleviating spasms. A decoction is used in the treatment of rheumatism, syphilis and leprosy. The plant is considered to be useful in relieving excessive thirst and restlessness in febrile excitement, and also to be useful in relieving functional palpitation of the heart, irritation of the bladder and stomach, and strangury.

Hemorrhoids, in piles, inflammation of spleen, liver and chest pain (root); as a tonic (root and leaf); in rheumatism (plant); used as poultice to relieve distension of abdomen due to flatulence and also used in herpes (leaves); to children in diarrhoea (leaf juice); for vesical calculi (leaf decoction).

In syphilis, leprosy, smallpox and leucoderma (leaf); earache and diseases of the blood (anther). Its leaves are known for their aromatic, bitter and pungent properties and are used in leprosy, leucoderma, scabies, small pox and syphilis. Besides, an oil obtained from its bracts is administered in headache and rheumatism.

Stimulating the uterus, anthelmintic, in infantile diarrhea, expectorant. in catarrh and asthma (plant); laxative (root bark); as a poultice (in carbuncle) (leaf pulp). The plant extract has a stimulatory action on uterine and other involuntary muscles and is used to treat uterine and menstural troubles and to facilitate childbirth. The fresh, pulped leaves are applied as a poultice to relieve carbuncles. The leaf juice is an expectorant in catarrhal affections and is emetic; it is used to treat infantile diarrhoea; mixed with lime or ginger, it is applied externally to relieve rheumatic swellings.

Gastric catarrh, dysentery, diarrhoea, cystitis, paralysis, piles, rheumatism and affections of the liver and of nervous system in the form of a decoction. Externally, a poultice of the seeds is applied in gastritis, dysentery and rheumatism.

As a dressing on wounds, ulcers,in the treatment of head diseases (seed oil); in the treatment of kidney and bladder complaints and is used both internally and as a rub and steam bath in the treatment of rheumatic affections (resin); is useful in treating diseases of the mucous membranes and respiratory complaints such as coughs, colds, influenza and TB.

In lumbago, rheumatism, in chronic bronchitis, neuralgia, arthritis, skin complaints, wounds, sores, burns, boils etc and is used in the form of liniment plasters, poultices, herbal steam baths and inhalers (oil).

In rheumatism, inflammation, diarrhea, as a carminative and for disorders of the respiratory tract, such as asthma (fruit); as a stimulant and diuretic (root); increasing the secretion of gastric juices and as an analgesic (root and fruit); as a tonic

In the treatment of dysentery, catarrhal conditions of the genito-urinary tract, inflamed membranes of the intestinal canal etc.A decoction of seeds is prescribed in cough and cold, and the crushed seeds made into a poultice are applied to rheumatic and glandular swelling.

For dyspepsia, piles, anasarca, diarrhea, skin disease, obstinate skin diseases, ulcers, for treating laryngitis, rheumatism, diseases of the spleen, ring worm, scabies. The root of the herb is used in cases of enlarged spleen, helps improve digestion and it stimulates the appetite.

For melancholia and also for rheumatic swelling of the joints (fresh roots); in jaundice, dropsy and scurvy, and combined with mallows removes hardness of the spleen, stitches in the side and colic. In the treatment of pleurisy, hives, sore throats and stomach aches and as a mild laxative for children (tea from roots).

As a tonic (seed) and in hemorrhoids (stem bark); chronic fevers, rheumatism, lumbago, herpes, scabies, leucoderma and other skin diseases, flatulence, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, cough, leprosy and gonorrhoea (plant); on the head to heal ulcers and cure dandruff (leaf paste); used for cleaning sores, as well as for cleaning teeth and strengthening gums (root juice).

The decoction of the root is said to be a cordial, stomachic and useful in liver disorders. It forms an ingredient of Dasamoola. A decoction of the leaves is used in the treatment of colic and flatulence while that of the tender plants is used for rheumatism and neuralgia. The leaves are rubbed along with pepper and administered in cold and fever, also in gonorrhoea and during convalescence from fevers.

As a laxative (especially for juveniles and the elderly) and in rheumatism (flowering plant); in the treatment of diarrhoea (especially for children), bladder and kidney disorders, stomach weakness (infusion of flower)

The root is used as a demulcent and in the treatment of fevers. It is peeled and bruised into a cataplasm for swelling of joints. It is crushed and rubbed externally in the treatment of fevers, headaches and rheumatism.

As one of the best laxatives (seed oil); poultice for boils, rheumatism and sores (seed paste); skin diseases, such as ringworm, and itching, as an emmenagogue (leaf decoction);in temporary constipation and wherever a mild action is essential, and is extremely useful for children and the aged, for various cutaneous complaints, such as ringworm, itch, dropped into the eye to remove the after-irritation caused by the removal of foreign bodies (oil); used by nursing mothers as an external application, to increase the flow of milk, as a poultice to relieve headaches and treat boils and diabetes (leaves).

Against gonorrhoea and vesical catarrh (root bark); to relieve the pain due to spleen troubles (root); for gastric troubles especially in gastric ulcers (stem bark); in asthma and cough, in rheumatism, a poultice made out of them is applied to painful tumours and piles (leaves); in biliousness and rheumatism (fruits).

Used in piles and a decoction of them is used as emmenagogue, on ulcers, in dysentery, infantile cholera and diarrhoea, in urinary complaints in combination with other medicines, acute cystitis, strangury, early rheumatism, used internally in catarrhal affections of kidney and urinary bladder and externally, are applied on ophthalmic and skin problems (fresh leaves); helps to prevent gall and kidney stones (seeds).

To treat nervous and urinary diseases and disorders of the blood and bile (root). Intensely bitter, it is used as an infusion and in conjunction with ginger to treat intermittent fever; it is also used as a stomachic, to treat chronic bowel complaints, and as an aphrodisiac; as panacea for rheumatism (whole plant).The leaves, warmed and moistened with sesame seed oil, are used to hasten suppuration and painful boils; in haemorrhoids, fevers, impotency, gonorrhea and rheumatism (roots and leaves).

It is used for gonorrhoea and ophthalmic disorders in Ayurveda. Unani employs it for piles, gonorrhoea, anti-soud, and as diuretic and aphrodisiac. Root of these herbs are held in great repute in treatment of rheumatism. Stems abound in mucilage and are employed as demulcents and emollients both for external and internal use. The herb is also useful in calculous troubles and as a febrifuge with pepper. Mucilage is used for scorpion sting.

In skin maladies (such as ringworm and sores), urethral diseases (urethritis), as an antiseptic and cardiotonic; to cure ringworm and other parasitic infections, in rheumatism and renal colic (plant); used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, pains and aches in the legs and sides, hypertension, sciatica, weeping dermatitis, scurvy, scrofula, syphilis and mastitis (decoction of the plant).

Rheumatism, spermatorrhoea, dysentery and in venereal diseases (root). A decoction of the bulbous roots is used to promote healing of sores, swellings and abscesses. In Ayurvedic practice, the roots are used to treat diseases of the nervous system and urinary disorders.

Asthma and cough (root and plant); rheumatism (leaf); sore throat (fruit); as a carminative and in dropsy (plant), for relief in burning sensation in the feet accompanied by vesicular watery eruptions.

Cough, asthma, bronchitits, dropsy, leprosy, constipation, flatulence, sore throat, tonsilitis, gum diseases, snake bites, heart disease, chest pain, certain types of fever, muscular pains, gonorrhoea, dysuria, enlargement of the liver and spleen and stomach. Leaves are applied locally to relieve pain. The juice of berries is used in sore throat. Like roots, seeds are also administered as an expectorant in asthma and cough. The plant is credited with diuretic properties and is used to cure dropsy. Its juice is mixed with whey and ginger and given in fevers. The juice of the leaves, mixed with black pepper, is prescribed in rheumatism.

In kidney stones and dysentery, asthma, whooping cough, internal lesions, dropsy, and chronic eczema, and in rheumatism, acute and chronic nephritis and oedema of a renal nature with history of dystrophy, in the treatment of urinary infections, chronic catarrh, skin diseases and influenza (plant); in diarrhoea and dysentery (root)

For gargles, vaginal infections, and enemata; it is also sometimes given for the treatment of rheumatic swellings (bark decoction); applied as a poultice for muscular and joint pain (bark powder); in sporadic fever, dysentery and debility (bark).

Helps to overcome nausea and vomiting by its stimulating effect on the salivary glands, dysentery, ease the pain of toothache, in non-mercurial ptyalism, and in inflammations of the mouth and throat, gouty and rheumatic affections, in uric acid gravel, in dropsical effusions, and even to remove intestinal worms.

As an antiinflammatory and reducing fever, for treating intestinal worms, venereal diseases, erysipelas, dropsy, asthma, bronchitis, rheumatism and stomach ailments (indigestion, acid reflux, ulcers, constipation, dyspepsia, slow digestion) (plant); for cataract and open sores (plant juice); for colds and cough, in cardiac troubles and are also rubbed on sprains and bruises or used as cataplasm for boils (leaves); applied topically to treat dysentery (Paste of stem and root bark)

As a plaster in swolen areas and broken bones, to relieve constipation, useful in rheumatism, inflammations of the digestive, renal, respiratory and reproductive tracts, asthma, congestion, and bronchitis, obesity, high cholesterol, in severe inflammations of skin, such as erysipelas, scalds and burns, crural ulcers, haemorrhoids, eczema, to soothe severe itchiness and inflammations of eyes (plant); as a poultice or ointment for skin irritation and inflammation as well as for skin ulcers. Boils, carbuncles, and abscesses

As a vermicide and in diarrhea (root powder); eye pressure and corneal inflammation (latex); to treat hypertension, headache, and scabies (roots); as an aphrodisiac, and has a reputation of making women more fertile (bark); ophthalmia (juice from the flowers); to alleviate stomach and rheumatic pains, as well as diarrhoea (decoctions of the bark).

Diseases of the eye and hemorrhoids (flower); rheumatism, bronchitis and colds (plant); as a laxative (root). It is used internally in the treatment of indigestion, colic, severe constipation, coughs and dysentery. Externally, it is used to treat sores, ulcers, eczema, sore eyes and rheumatism. A decoction of the flowers is used to treat colds, conjunctivitis, mumps, sore eyes etc.

As an astringent in bowel complaints, to weaken the action of resinous cathartics (pulp); in correcting bilious disorders, for rheumatism (plant); used in subacid infusions, and a decoction is said to destroy worms in children, and is also useful for jaundice, and externally as a wash for sore eyes and ulcers (leaves)In some forms of sore throat the fruit has been found of service; for asthma (bark).

Rheumatism, ulcers (chronic), for gout, as an abortifacient and vermifuge (essential flower and leaf oil); maladies of the liver, gall bladder and the bile duct, in treating strangury, kidney weaknesses, in dyspepsia, with troublesome flatulence, hysteria, jaundice, fevers (plant); to treat amenorrhoea and painful dysmenorrhoea and as an anthelmintic, especially for children (leaf infusion and whole plant);in diphtheria, acute inflammations of the throat, and in epidemic catarrh (spray or inhalation of plant decoction).

The leaves have been used internally in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis, hiccup, indigestion, rheumatism and epilepsy. Externally, the leaves have been used in a steam bath as a treatment for rheumatism. A homeopathic remedy is made from the young shoots and the berries. It is used in the treatment of cystitis, eruptions, headaches, heart and kidney problems, rheumatism etc.

In tuberculosis, bronchitis, in rheumatism, nervous affections, haemoptysis and catarrh (plant); astringent, stomachic, febrifugal and aphrodisiac (fruit); as a tonic and antipyretic (fruit and plant).

The plant is used internally in the treatment of dry coughs, whooping cough, bronchitis, bronchial catarrh, cold, asthma, laryngitis, indigestion, gastritis and diarrhoea and enuresis in children. Externally, it is used in the treatment of tonsillitis, gum diseases, rheumatism, arthritis and fungal infections (Athlete's foot).The whole herb is used in the treatment of digestive disorders, sore throats, fevers etc.

For inflammations of the upper respiratory tract (such as in emphysema and silicosis) and ailments associated with chills (both of the aforementioned conditions are usually associated with a cough) (leaf and flower); in colds, coughs, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, rheumatism, nervous disorders and asthma (leaves)

In rheumatism, asthma, whooping cough, bronchitis and dysentery (root); in hydrophobia (leaf and root). Used for treating whooping cough, for reducing lochia, malarial fever, jaundice. They are used to treat diarrhoea and dysentery.

Jaundice, kidney problems, bleeding of the uterus and nose, excessive menstruation, haemorrhoids, arthritis, rheumatism and eczema, as a diuretic (for relieving rheumatism and edema), astringent and as a substitute for thiazide treatment (without side effects) (plant); Externally, the plant is used to treat skin complaints, arthritic pain, gout, sciatica, neuralgia, haemorrhoids, dandruff etc.; as a tonic (flower and seed); for heart problems. Nettles have a long history of Use(s) in the home as a herbal remedy and nutritious addition to the diet. A tea made from the leaves has traditionally been used as a cleansing tonic and blood purifier so the plant is often used in the treatment of hay fever, arthritis, anaemia etc.

In urinary tract infections; in the treatment of gonorrhoea, arthritis, rheumatism, diabetes and diarrhoea (leaves); for diarrhoea and as a treatment for sore throats, coughs and colds (mature fruits); as a gargle in treatment for sore throats (juice of the plant).

Used for the treatment of several diseases, such as throat troubles, chronic bronchitis, piles, diarrhoea, rheumatism, tubercular glands, boils, etc. It forms a good emollient for plasters and ointment bases. Bark is orally administered to prevent vomiting.

In liver and gallbladder complaints, chronic eczema and bronchitis,insomnia, menstrual pain, in the treatment of headaches, fevers, nervous exhaustion, depression, insufficient lactation (plant); in rheumatism, healing of wounds, for the swellings of womb (leaves)

Useful for the purifying the blood, bile and semen, used as a specific for leucorrhoea, menorrhagia, and in the treatment of chronic skin diseases, dysuria, strangury, bladder stones, piles, worms and haematological disorders (plant); for the treatment of amoebiosis, humid herpes, eczema and ringworm and for the extraction of guinea worms, elephantiasis (leaf juice); to treat fevers, rheumatism and conjunctivitis (flowers); effective against roundworms and threadworms, leucoderma, psoriasis and other chronic skin diseases (seeds).

As a demulcent (in the sinuses) and on sores (related to scrofula) (oil); in gonorrhea, rheumatism, sprains, fever (related to catarrh) and headache (leaf); aids in the removal of worms and foetid discharges from ulcers (leaf juice), controls acne in teenagers, regulates ovulatory cycle, menopause, menorrhagia (heavy menstruation), menstrual difficulties (secondary amenorrhea), premenstrual syndrome, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea and endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease among women, relieves pains due to rheumatism, gout, sciatica and the body ache resulted from heavy physical exertion, skin troubles, migraine; with the right proportion it is use for dental care for healthy, disease free teeth, as mouth wash and treatment for toothache. Pillows stuffed with leaves are slept on to remove catarrh and headache. Dried fruit is used to destroy human worm while seeds boiled in water and eaten, or the water is taken internally, to prevent spread of toxins from poisonous bites of animals, also cooling for skin disorders.