Permissioned systems provide opportunities for established businesses and public entities to begin experimenting with blockchain technology while maintaining control, so that important trade-off decisions can be made deliberately.

Machine learning and artificial intelligence change the fundamental paradigm of how computers execute instructions and how they interact with humans, which will reshape industries and create new tools for public institutions.

There will be security and humanitarian effects if the additive manufacturing industry matures to the point where low-end goods are no longer built in developing countries, removing the traditional path for countries to develop.