Falling on the heels of American Imperialism, the Progressive movement was to reform the American government to a more efficient, smoother operating machine.

A complete departure from the corrupt Gilded Age. Improvements in the government, society, economy, etc.

The rise of Theodore Roosevelt his policies, contributions lasting effects of the US.

Many compared progressivism with a dressed up form of populism.

3

Populism definitely had an effect on progressivism. The Mugwumps pushed for the reform the concept of an honest government.

The increase in socialism in the US its ideals for the working middle class also played into the progressive movement.

Social reformers had a great deal of influence on the Progressive movement. They were bringing the plight of urban decay to the nations attention. Social critics advocated for this reform, in all aspects of society.

4

The media increased its role as the social watchdog. Reporting on everything that was wrong with society. Some of the key issues were child labor, working conditions, monopolies, etc.

These writers earned the name Muckrakers by T.R., because they stirred up trouble among the population.

Henry Demarest Lloyd was called the 1st muckraker, Jacob Riis, Lincoln Steffens were some of the most prominent. Women were also in this category, since they were the most active in the issues of social change.

5Democracy

The changes to our democratic process are important today

Direct Primary nomination of candidates by the vote of party members.

Initiative voters petition to have an issue placed on the ballot.

Referendum the issue is presented to the voting public for their vote.

Recall public referendum to remove an existing law, statute or elected official.

6Efficiency

This was the gospel of the Progressive era.

Scientific studies were done to improve time management, reduce waste increase production. This was in every aspect of American society. Frederick W. Taylor, the efficiency expert, whose book, The Principles of Scientific Management, highlighted his research. Scientific management would be called Taylorism due to his contributions to the movement.

7

The government started re-organizing its agencies to prevent the overlapping of services, established distinct lines authority who was in charge who was to blame.

The formation of efficient, municipal government styles were being developed.

Commission System authority placed on a board of elected officials of city departments.

City-Manager System a professional administrator runs the city by the policies established by the city council mayor.

8Regulation

Monopolies big business were also a major concern in the Progressive Era.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 was established to keep check on monopolies, but it never really worked. It had no real authority yet.

Many city governments began using socialist ideas, i.e. public utilities gas, water, transportation.

It would not be until later on that true regulation would take place. The monopolies were able to work their way out of most situations, with money, threats or out maneuver the government.

9Social Justice

The growth of social workers, charities, reform campaigns were extremely abundant. This fell in line with the settlement house reformers of the late 1800s.

The most important social reform of the period was labor legislation. Started at the state level slowly worked its way up.

National Child Labor Committee 1904 pushed for the ban on the employment of young children. Which was a major problem of the time.

10

It would take 10 years before most states banned the use of under age children. The definition for under age varied from state to state 12 to 16 yrs. old. Also, it limited the hours older children were eligible to work. This only applied to factories, mills, mines, etc. Farms were generally not effected by the new Child Labor Laws.

The issue of women in the work place went side by side the child labor movement. Florence Kelley, head of the National Consumers League, pushed for better working hours for working mothers wives. Many states banned women from working at night or on dangerous jobs (this applied to children also).

11

The Supreme Court varied on its rulings concerning work hours. Hours ranged from 8-10-12 hours a day, depending on the job what part of the country the worker is in.

A major push to improve working conditions in factories, mills, mines (?). A contributing factor to this, was the fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Co. in NY. In 1911 about 146 workers, mostly women, were killed. There were not enough exits, most of the doors windows were barred (so they would not try to sneak out when they should be working), no way to escape from the 10 story building (most were on the top 3 floors).

12

Accident compensation that happened while at work was also a target for reform.

Before, there really was no compensation. Working conditions were very hazardous, exposed machinery, belts, pulleys, furnaces, etc. It was not uncommon for most of the workers to be missing body parts from the machinery they worked around.

Legislation changed so that the worker would receive compensation if injured at work.

Women were the main contributing force behind most of these changes.

13Prohibition

The push for the banning of alcohol has a long history in the US. Since the early 1800s, it had been growing steadily. Several groups were formed for the sole issue of prohibition.

The Womens Christian Temperance Union The Anti-Saloon League were 2 of the most prominent. They began to get politically active amass a large following. These were single-issue groups, there were many other prohibitionist groups, but they also had other issues they worked for.

14Roosevelt Progressivism

He became President in 1901, promised to keep some of McKinleys polices in tact.

T.R. wanted a Square Deal for all. He was going to enforce the existing Anti-Trust Big Business laws, instead of developing new ones.

He tried to re-establish small businesses, to little success.

Started to give laws like the Sherman Anti-trust act more teeth to work with.

1902 he ordered the Supreme Court to break-up the RR monopoly of the Northern Securities Co. J.P. Morgan owned part of this.

15

T.R. increased the enforcement of the Sherman Anti-trust act, but did not introduce new legislation. But, during his term, he brought up over 25 anti-trust lawsuits, increased federal regulation over interstate commerce.

1903 Elkins Act made it illegal for the RR to give or receive secret rebates to favored customers, everyone had to be charged the same price. T.R.s square deal policy. He gave trusts a chance to cooperate, and many did. But those that didnt were broken up by the government.

16

T.R. elected President again in 1904, voters approved of his Progressive Conservative issues.

Once again, he focused on regulation control over businesses.

The Hepburn Act of 1906 gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more authority, allowed it to control freight rates of the RR set the maximum rate they could charge.

The meat packing industry, food processing, drug patent medicine makers all fell under Federal regulation. This would set the ground work for the Pure Food Drug Act, an earlier version of the Food Drug Administration.

17

Conservation was one of T.R. lasting legacies. Protecting the environment, wilderness areas, woodlands, etc., were very important to Roosevelt.

The National Park Service was established in 1916, after several areas were set aside as public reserves. Yellowstone Park was established in 1872, many were added on to the public reserves status thus forming the NPS.

The Department of Agriculture was given the authority to govern forested areas. 1881, Congress created the Division of Forestry within the Dept. of Ag. Roosevelt appointed Gifford Pinchot as Chief Forester. He was very scientific a very good administrator.

States soon followed suit established their own conservation departments commissions.

19William Howard Taft

Elected President in 1908, he was hand-picked by Roosevelt to be his successor carry on his plans.

The other candidates were William Jennings Bryan (Dem) Eugene V. Debs (Socialist)

Taft won easily Roosevelt celebrated by going on an African Safari.

Taft served as the Sec. Of War under T.R. and had a pretty distinguished political career. (Even though he did not like politics)

Had the distinction of being the heaviest Pres. (over 300lbs.)

20

Once in office, he went against the Rep. Party tradition he lowered tariffs on coal, iron ore, oil, cotton, etc., he increased duty-free items.

Dollar Diplomacy the use of diplomacy to secure promote US economic/financial interests in the Orient. It began with China followed the Open Door Policy, and would spread throughout US politics of the period.

Taft caused many of the Rep. to jump ship join the Dem.

21

Ballinger Pinchot Controversy of 1910

Chief Forester Gifford Pinchot discovered corrupt dealings by the Sec. Of the Interior Richard Ballinger. He had supposedly sold land that was set aside as part of the Forest Reserve Act for commercial use.

Pinchot informed Taft of the situation, but Taft did nothing. Pinchot went public with the information Taft fired him for insubordination. Also, Ballinger was cleared of all charges.

When T.R. returned heard of Tafts betrayal of his policies, he set out to get even. This situation increased the growing rift between T.R., Taft the Republicans.

22

By the time of the Pres. Election of 1912, Taft (Rep), Roosevelt (Bull Moose Party or Progressive), Debs (Socialist), Wilson (Dem)

Taft took advantage of his last year in office had a flurry of activity. He established the Appalachian Forest Reserve Act (1911), gave the ICC more power, Fed. Childrens Bureau (1912), 16th Amendment federal income tax, 17th Amendment popular election of senators.

T.R. was still very formidable spiteful, he called Taft a traitor hopeless Fathead. While campaigning he was shot, but still gave his speech, refusing to let the Dr. operate until he was through.

23Woodrow Wilson

The division with the Rep. Party, plus all the scandals associated with Republican rule, caused the Democrats to win the election.

Wilson would be the high point for Progressivism. His New Nationalism focused on social reform, social justice, taxes, workers compensation, labor regulation for women children.

He also brought the South into National politics and international affairs. Many Southerners were part of Wilsons Cabinet William Jennings Bryan was appointed as Sec. Of State.

24Wilson Progressivism

Wilson relied more on Party loyalty politics than he did popular support. Inter-party rivalries were settled, and everyone focused on what would be good for the nation.

Underwood-Simmons Tariff 1913 lowered the average import duty by 1/5 over 300 items were exempted from tariff duties. Lost revenue was made up by the 1st use of the 16th Amendment, 1 on incomes of 3,000 (4,000 for couples).

25

Federal Reserve Act1913also called the Glass-Owens Act, created a new banking system with regional reserve banks that were supervised by a central Board of Directors. Made money bank credit apply to more areas, lessened the concentration of banks reserves in NYC.

Federal Trade Commission1914-created as a watchdog of trade commerce. They would define unfair trade practices issue orders to stop the practice. This was the cornerstone of Wilsons anti-trust program.

26

Clayton Anti-trust Act-1914- outlawed price discrimination, tying agreements (dealers could not have products of competing manufacturers), interlocking directorates connecting businesses with more than 1million, limited corporations from buying up stock of other companies to gain control of the market.

Wilson did little to address the racial problems of the day. Jim Crow Laws were rampant, the disenfranchisement of the blacks, the growth of the KKK. He basically considered this, as well as child labor, a state issue.

27

Federal Farm Loan Act-1916-it worked along side the Federal Reserve Banks, gave farmers low interest, long term loans.

Federal Highways Act-1916- Federal government would match dollar for dollar to any state that had highway departments that met federal standards. Thus, increasing the highway infrastructure laid the ground work for an interstate highway system in the 1950s.

28

Keating-Owen Act 1916, called the Child Labor Act, basically excluded any consumer goods that were made by children under the age of 14 from interstate commerce.

Adamson Act 1916 established an 8 hour work day for RR workers. This would later spread into other areas of labor.

Under Wilsonian Progressivism, the US government became seen in a positive light. As was most of the first 20 years of the 20th century.

Patriotism, Isolationism Anti-Immigration were the main feelings of the period.

About PowerShow.com

PowerShow.com is a leading presentation/slideshow sharing website. Whether your application is business, how-to, education, medicine, school, church, sales, marketing, online training or just for fun, PowerShow.com is a great resource. And, best of all, most of its cool features are free and easy to use.

You can use PowerShow.com to find and download example online PowerPoint ppt presentations on just about any topic you can imagine so you can learn how to improve your own slides and
presentations for free. Or use it to find and download high-quality how-to PowerPoint ppt presentations with illustrated or animated slides that will teach you how to do something new, also for free. Or use it to upload your own PowerPoint slides so you can share them with your teachers, class, students, bosses, employees, customers, potential investors or the world. Or use it to create really cool photo slideshows - with 2D and 3D transitions, animation, and your choice of music - that you can share with your Facebook friends or Google+ circles. That's all free as well!

For a small fee you can get the industry's best online privacy or publicly promote your presentations and slide shows with top rankings. But aside from that it's free. We'll even convert your presentations and slide shows into the universal Flash format with all their original multimedia glory, including animation, 2D and 3D transition effects, embedded music or other audio, or even video embedded in slides. All for free. Most of the presentations and slideshows on PowerShow.com are free to view, many are even free to download. (You can choose whether to allow people to download your original PowerPoint presentations and photo slideshows for a fee or free or not at all.) Check out PowerShow.com today - for FREE. There is truly something for everyone!

presentations for free. Or use it to find and download high-quality how-to PowerPoint ppt presentations with illustrated or animated slides that will teach you how to do something new, also for free. Or use it to upload your own PowerPoint slides so you can share them with your teachers, class, students, bosses, employees, customers, potential investors or the world. Or use it to create really cool photo slideshows - with 2D and 3D transitions, animation, and your choice of music - that you can share with your Facebook friends or Google+ circles. That's all free as well!

For a small fee you can get the industry's best online privacy or publicly promote your presentations and slide shows with top rankings. But aside from that it's free. We'll even convert your presentations and slide shows into the universal Flash format with all their original multimedia glory, including animation, 2D and 3D transition effects, embedded music or other audio, or even video embedded in slides. All for free. Most of the presentations and slideshows on PowerShow.com are free to view, many are even free to download. (You can choose whether to allow people to download your original PowerPoint presentations and photo slideshows for a fee or free or not at all.) Check out PowerShow.com today - for FREE. There is truly something for everyone!