Sources of the Western Tradition Vol. 2 : From the Renaissance to the Present

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With a collection of 300 sources--each accompanied by an introductory essay and review questions--this two-volume primary source reader emphasizes the history of ideas. The Sixth Edition features additional sources by and about women, as well as new attention to documents dealing with social and cultural issues. This reader works as an accompaniment to any Western Civilization course, but makes an ideal companion for Perry's Western Civilization, 7/e, or Western Civilization: A Brief History, 5/e.

Preface

xvii

Prologue

xxi

Introduction: The Middle Ages and the Modern World

xxiii

Part One: Early Modern Europe

1

(94)

The Rise of Modernity

1

(28)

The Humanists' Fascination with Antiquity

5

(5)

Petrarch: The Father of Humanism

6

(1)

Leonardo Bruni: Study of Greek Literature and a Humanist Educational Program

7

(3)

Human Dignity

10

(2)

Pico della Mirandola: Oration on the Dignity of Man

10

(2)

Break with Medieval Political Theory

12

(4)

Niccolo Machiavelli: The Prince

12

(4)

The Lutheran Reformation

16

(4)

Martin Luther: On Papal Power, Justification by Faith, the Interpretation of the Bible, and the Nature of the Clergy

16

(4)

Justification of Absolute Monarchy by Divine Right

20

(2)

Bishop Jacques-Benigne Bossuet: Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture

20

(2)

A Secular Defense of Absolutism

22

(3)

Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan

23

(2)

The Triumph of Constitutional Monarchy in England: The Glorious Revolution

25

(4)

The English Declaration of Rights

26

(3)

The Scientific Revolution

29

(24)

The Copernican Revolution

32

(3)

Nicolaus Copernicus: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

32

(2)

Cardinal Bellarmine: Attack on the Copernican Theory

34

(1)

Expanding the New Astronomy

35

(3)

Galileo Galilei: The Starry Messenger

36

(2)

Critique of Authority

38

(4)

Galileo Galilei: Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina and Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems--Ptolemaic and Copernican

38

(4)

Prophet of Modern Science

42

(2)

Francis Bacon: Attack on Authority and Advocacy of Experimental Science

42

(2)

The Circulation of the Blood

44

(2)

William Harvey: The Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals

44

(2)

The Autonomy of the Mind

46

(4)

Rene Descartes: Discourse on Method

47

(3)

The Mechanical Universe

50

(3)

Isaac Newton: Principia Mathematica

50

(3)

The Enlightenment

53

(42)

The Enlightenment Outlook

55

(2)

Immanuel Kant: What Is Enlightenment?

55

(2)

Political Liberty

57

(3)

John Locke: Second Treatise on Government

57

(2)

Thomas Jefferson: Declaration of Independence

59

(1)

Attack on Religion

60

(8)

Voltaire: A Plea for Tolerance and Reason

61

(3)

Thomas Paine: The Age of Reason

64

(2)

Baron d'Holbach: Good Sense

66

(2)

Epistemology and Education

68

(3)

John Locke: Essay Concerning Human Understanding

68

(2)

Claude Helvetius: Essays on the Mind and A Treatise on Man

70

(1)

Compendium of Knowledge

71

(3)

Denis Diderot: Encyclopedia

72

(2)

Rousseau: Political Reform

74

(3)

Jean Jacques Rousseau: The Social Contract

74

(3)

Humanitarianism

77

(6)

Caseare Beccaria: On Crimes and Punishments

78

(1)

John Howard: Prisons in England and Wales

79

(2)

Denis Diderot: Encyclopedia: ``Men and Their Liberty Are Not Objects of Commerce''

81

(1)

Marquis de Condorcet: The Evils of Slavery

82

(1)

Literature as Satire: Critiques of European Society

83

(12)

Voltaire: Candide

83

(3)

Denis Diderot: Supplement to the Voyage of Bouganville

86

(4)

Montesquieu: The Persian Letters

90

(1)

Jonathan Swift: Gulliver's Travels

91

(4)

Part Two: Modern Europe

95

(208)

Era of the French Revolution

95

(29)

Abuses of the Old Regime

98

(3)

Grievances of the Third Estate

98

(2)

Emmanuel Sieyes: Bourgeois Disdain for Special Privileges of the Aristocracy

100

(1)

The Role of the Philosophes

101

(3)

Alexis de Tocqueville: Critique of the Old Regime

102

(2)

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

104

(2)

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens

104

(2)

Expansion of Human Rights

106

(7)

Mary Wollstonecraft: Vindication of the Rights of Woman

106

(4)

Society of the Friends of Blacks: Address to the National Assembly in Favor of the Abolition of the Slave Trade

110

(1)

Petition of the Jews of Paris, Alsace, and Lorraine to the National Assembly, January 28, 1790

111

(2)

The Jacobin Regime

113

(6)

Maximilien Robespierre: Republic of Virtue

114

(2)

Abbe Carrichon: The Guillotine

116

(2)

General Louis de Lignilres Turreau: Uprising in the Vendee

118

(1)

Napoleon: Destroyer and Preserver of the Revolution

119

(5)

Napoleon Bonaparte: Leader, General, Tyrant, Reformer

119

(5)

The Industrial Revolution

124

(21)

Early Industrialization

126

(4)

Edward Baines: Britain's Industrial Advantages and the Factory System

126

(3)

Adam Smith: The Division of Labor

129

(1)

The New Science of Political Economy

130

(4)

Adam Smith: The Wealth of Nations

131

(1)

Thomas R. Malthus: On the Principle of Population

132

(2)

The Dark Side of Industrialization

134

(5)

Sadler Commission: Report on Child Labor

135

(2)

Friedrich Engels: The Condition of the Working Class in England

137

(2)

Factory Discipline

139

(2)

Factory Rules

139

(2)

The Capitalist Ethic

141

(4)

Samuel Smiles: Self-Help and Thrift

142

(3)

Romanticism, Reaction, Revolution

145

(24)

Romanticism

147

(5)

William Wordsworth: Tables Turned

147

(1)

William Blake: Milton

148

(1)

Bettina Brentano von Arnim: Beethoven

149

(3)

Conservatism

152

(4)

Edmund Burke: Reflections on the Revolution in France

152

(2)

Klemens von Metternich: The Odious Ideas of the Philosophes

154

(1)

Joseph de Maistre: Essay on the Generative Principle of Political Constitutions