Genes over-expressed in the RPE-choroid - a tissue complex located beneath the retina - included components of inflammatory responses, while in the retina, the researchers found genes involved in wound healing and the complement cascade, a part of the innate immune system.

The ultimate fate of this complement cascade is often pathogen destruction by direct cell rupture ("lysis") or, more often, through the induction of cytokine release and the recruitment of other cells that destroy the pathogen through phagocytosis (Abbas, 2005).

One hundred and seventy-eight ethanolic plant extracts from the pharmacopoeia of the Tacana, an ethnic group from Bolivia, were screened for immunomodulatory activity using complement cascade inhibition and ADP-induced platelet aggregation inhibition assays.

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