This flag is the flag of duchy of Parma-Piacenza dated 1545 to
1731. Some weeks ago it was published in Flag Report issue 24,
article signed by Mateo Coloane, and came from a book of Gilberto
Oneto.Jaume Olle, 13 January 2002

The first flag of Parma was blue with lys and was in use until
1731. Between 1731 to 1735 the same flag that in 1735 was
transfered to Two Sicilies was used . I have an image, perhaps
from 1735, and the shield seems to be near the hoist. Between
1735 to 1748 Austria flag was used.Between 1748 to 1802 the white
flag with shield was for the first time in use. The shield was
now centered. In 1802 Parma was annexed to France and french flag
was in use .In 1814 the red and white vertical flag was adopted.
Supresed 1847. This is the merchant flag that was used until at
least until 1847Jaume Olle, 25 October 1998

From 1731 to 1801 the duchy was ruled by the Bourbons, so
their standards were usedMario Fabretto, 8 june 1997

From 1847 to 1848 was used in Parma flag yellow over light
blue. From 1848 to 1849 the italian tricolor was in use
After the revolution was used the old flag red and white
vertical, and also a white flag with shield (image drawed from
Vexilla Italica 1997-2, no detail of the shield are availables).
Used until 1851.Jaume Olle, 27 October 1998