The Lost Key Of Struggle For Civil Rights Essay

Some Great Benefits Of Struggle For Civil Rights Essay

The era’s final major piece of civil rights legislation reflected the changing emphasis of the civil rights movement itself: Having secured a measure of political rights, black leaders now emphasized the importance of equal economic and educational opportunity. Congressional action in this area was measured; the national mood and major events had begun to turn against reform. The ambitious agenda of federal programs known as the Great Society had begun to wane. Initiated by President Johnson in the mid-1960s, these programs were in many ways conceived of as an extension of New Deal reforms. Great Society legislation marked the zenith of federal activism—addressing civil rights, urban development, the environment, health care, education, housing, consumer protection, and poverty. With Democratic majorities in both houses of Congress, the administration won the enactment of a number of far-reaching programs, among them several that exist today, such as Medicare, which provides health coverage for the elderly, and Medicaid, which provides the poor with access to hospitalization, optional medical insurance, and other health care benefits.109But the cost of the deepening U.S. military commitment in Vietnam rapidly bled dry Great Society programs that, in part, addressed concerns about economic equality raised by black leaders. Moreover, middle-class whites in northern and western states who had empathized with the nonviolent protests of southern blacks were far more skeptical of the civil rights militants who were bent on bringing the movement to their doorsteps, typified by Stokely Carmichael, the Black Panthers, and the Black Power movement. Major urban rioting, particularly the devastating 1965 riot in Watts, Los Angeles (in Representative Gus Hawkins’s district) turned mainstream white opinion even further from the cause. Widespread rioting in April 1968 after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.—federal troops were deployed even in Washington, DC—reinforced white alienation. Nevertheless, in early March 1968, the Senate approved the Civil Rights Act of 1968 by a 71 to 20 vote. The measure outlawed discrimination in the sale and rental of roughly 80 percent of U.S. housing (the proportion handled by agents and brokers) by 1970 and meted out federal punishment to persons engaged in interstate activities to foment or participate in riots. The bill also extended constitutional rights to Native Americans. Days after King’s murder in Memphis, Tennessee, the House followed the Senate’s lead by a vote of 250 to 172.

129For more information, see Slaughterhouse Cases 83 U.S. 36 (1873), United States v. Cruikshank 92 U.S. 542 (1876), United States v. Reese 92 U.S. 214 (1876), United States v. Harris 106 U.S. 629 (1883), and Civil Rights Cases 109 U.S. 3 (1883). The various cases are discussed in detail in Kermit L. Hall, ed., The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002).

Struggle For Civil Rights Essay At A Glance

On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks (1913–2005) refused to move from her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama, bus to make room for whites. She became widely known as the "mother of the Civil Rights movement."

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130Robert J. Cottrol, “Civil Rights Cases,” in Hall, ed., The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States: 149.

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Despite the new momentum, however, some reformers were impatient with the pace of change. In 1913 Alice Paul, a young Quaker activist who had experience in the English suffrage movement, formed the rival Congressional Union, later named the National Woman’s Party.8 Paul’s group freely adopted the more militant tactics of its English counterparts, picketing and conducting mass rallies and marches to raise public awareness and support. Embracing a more confrontational style, Paul drew a younger generation of women to her movement, helped resuscitate the push for a federal equal rights amendment, and relentlessly attacked the Democratic administration of President Woodrow Wilson for obstructing the extension of the vote to women.

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In addition, the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s stimulated the emergence of the feminist movement which grew particularly strong in the 1960s and 1970s. The feminist movement aimed against the gender oppression and the domination of males in the society. In fact, the feminist movement attempted to change existing gender-related biases and stereotypes and open the way for new opportunities for women. Feminists used the Civil Rights Movement’s experience to start the organized struggle for equal rights and liberties.

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My Goodness, What an imagination! The rise in single parent families has brought about the rise in black poverty. The poverty rate in black households with married parents is less than 5%. What in the world does the Civil Rights Act have to do with black womennot marrying the men who father their children? Did LBJ tell women tohave families without fathers? Please explain how white devils prevent black women from marrying black men. Really, today, not 1860.

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The emergence of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s had a considerable impact on the American society because it stimulated the rise of “liberation movements” and changed the traditional philosophy of theUSsociety. As the matter of fact, the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s became the turning point in the history of theUSbecause it was the organized movement of millions of people for equal rights and liberties. In fact, it is due to the Civil Rights Movement people representing different minority groups learned that they could protect their rights and liberties and struggle for a better, equal position in the society. In such a context, it is quite natural that the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s stimulated the rise of the feminist movement, and other liberation movements which aimed against discrimination and oppression of minority groups throughout the 1960s and 1970s as well as later because the impact of the Civil Rights movement on the US society is still very strong.

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“ In this respect, it is important to lay emphasis on the fact that the Civil Rights movement emerged as a struggle of African Americans against racial discrimination and oppression from the part of the white majority. African Americans, being headed by such leaders as Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, and others, wanted to gain equal rights and liberties compared to the white majority, eliminate segregation and start a new life transforming theUSnation into one entity where there is no room for racial inequality and discrimination. In the 1950s, the idea of racial equality was practically revolutionary because the racial discrimination persisted for decades and African Americans were treated as second class citizens. Nevertheless, the organized struggle of African Americans in terms of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s brought positive outcomes and forced the authorities as well as ordinary citizens to accept the concept of equality of rights and liberties of all Americans regardless of their racial background. ”

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In 1915 Carrie Chapman Catt, a veteran suffragist since the mid-1880s and a former president of the NAWSA, again secured the organization’s top leadership post. Catt proved to be an adept administrator and organizer whose “Winning Plan” strategy called for disciplined and relentless efforts to achieve state referenda on the vote, especially in nonwestern states.9 Key victories—the first in the South and East—followed in 1917, when Arkansas and New York granted partial and full voting rights, respectively. Beginning in 1917, President Wilson (a convert to the suffrage cause) urged Congress to pass a voting rights amendment. Another crowning achievement also was reached that year when Montana’s Jeannette Rankin was sworn into the 65th Congress (1917–1919) on April 2. Elected two years after her state enfranchised women, Rankin became the first woman to serve in the national legislature.