A new study from the University of California, Berkeley, sheds light on what's important. After a series of experiments, psychologists Amie M. Gordon and Serena Chen found that feeling understood by a partner makes people feel like conflict helps, rather than harms, their relationship.

"Conflict is only negatively associated with relationship satisfaction postconflict when people do not feel their thoughts, feelings, and point of view are understood by their romantic partners," the authors write.

For one study, participants — all of whom were in their 20s or 30s and in relationships of at least six months — were recruited online. They reported on how the frequency of conflict influenced how they felt about the health of their relationships. The more conflict, the worse they thought they were faring — unless they felt understood.

In another study, couples were brought into the lab where they were interviewed in person about a conflict they had in their relationships. Before and after the interviewing, they rated their relationship satisfaction. As with the other study, individuals who felt understood by their partners had a higher rating of satisfaction after the conflict.

Gordon and Chen found that couples who use "affection, humor, or effective problem-solving" are the best at conflict.

The lesson: Conflict is not something to be avoided; it's something to learn how to do well.

John Gottman, one of the world's leading relationship psychologists, said there are four components to getting good at these uncomfortable conversations:

• Putting your emotions into words. Your partner's best attempts at listening aren't going to be fruitful unless you can articulate what's happening in your head. It's about "being able to put your emotions into words that really are what you actually feel," Gottman says. "Knowing where you feel tense, what relaxed feels like, what truth feels like." A meditation-like technique called Focusing helps with developing these skills.

• Asking open-ended questions. Open-ended questions allow you to explore your partner's feelings. "They open up the heart and have acceptance at the base of them," Gottman says. For example, you might ask: So what do you feel about this living room — how would you change it if you had all the money in the world? What do you want your life to be like in three years? How do you like your job?

• Making open-ended statements. "These are exploratory statements," he says, where you encourage your partner to tell you a story. For instance: I want to hear all of your thoughts about quitting your job. I want to hear all of your thoughts about your job.

• Empathizing with your partner. Rather than saying you understand, show that you understand. "Empathy is really communicating that you understand your partner's feelings and they make sense to you," Gottman says. "It's really caring about your partner's welfare, not just your own."