Abstract

Globally, the HIV epidemic continues to have an impact on the lives of millions of
people. In 2008, there were an estimated 83,000 people living with HIV (both
diagnosed and undiagnosed), equivalent to 1.3 per 1000 population in the UK. In
that same year, 7,798 people were newly diagnosed with HIV. The global epidemic is
reflected in the UK; around 38% (2,790) of these newly diagnosed infections were
among black Africans who acquired their HIV through heterosexual contact. It is
thought that most (87%) of these infections among black Africans in the UK were
acquired abroad, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa Health Protection Agency 2009).
Late diagnosis of HIV is defined as diagnosis taking place after anti-retroviral
treatment would normally have begun, or when the person has an illness which
defines them as having AIDS. It is the most important factor associated with HIVrelated
disease and death in the UK and is a particular problem among black
Africans. In 2007, over 40% of new diagnoses among black Africans were classified
as ‘late’.
HIV testing can help reduce transmission of the virus. People who find out they have
HIV may change their sexual behaviour as a result of the diagnosis. A negative HIV
test provides an opportunity for preventive education and advice and may also lead
to changes in behaviour. Increasing the frequency of testing may result in earlier
detection of HIV following infection - when it is most virulent - providing greater
opportunity to reduce transmission.

Type:

Report

Title:

Review of effectiveness and cost effectiveness: Increasing the uptake of HIV testing to reduce undiagnosed infection and prevent transmission among black African communities living in England