Abstract: With the fall of the Latin Empire of Constantinople and the recapture of the city in 1261 by the Byzantines, the emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus maintained diplomatic relations with the Mamluk sultans and contacts between the two states took some remarkable speed and intensity. The commercial exchanges between Byzantium and the Mamluk Sultanate were the result of economic and political needs. But they were not regular and their volume varied depending on the circumstances and the internal situation in each country. The article covers the period from the late thirteenth century to the early fifteenth century during which the relations between Byzantium and the Mamluk Sultanate have had their ups and downs accompanied by several initiatives from both parties to give a boost to trade between the two states. It treats the issue of Byzantine merchants in Egypt, the privileges mentioned in treaties and their actual application, and the products exchanged between Byzantium and Egypt.