Measurements with multiple output quantities exist in many disciplines. This paper discusses using matrix notation, which can be applied to a practical measurement uncertainty example involving complex quantities.

This application note is designed to help you quickly design a test system that produces reliable results and meets throughput requirements within budget. It explores the entire software development process, from gathering and documenting software requirements through design reuse considerations.

Modular instruments such as PXI and AXIe offer significant configuration flexibility, interchangeability, speed, and size advantages but also present unique calibration challenges. This paper examines these issues in detail and considers both in situ calibration and calibration performed outside the use environment.

This paper, presented at the National Conference of Standards Laboratories International July 2013, discusses the importance of measurement accuracy and the financial impact it can have on the bottom line.

Examines the implications of using a manufacturer's specification in an uncertainty analysis; and how calibration laboratories use uncertainty data in their quality systems and customer-facing documents.

This application note explores the fundamental principles of vector network analysis. The discussion includes the common parameters (S-parameters). RF fundamentals such as transmission lines and the Smith chart will also be reviewed.