About Steam Tables Spreadsheet

Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Water and Steam

The steam tables application calculates 30 thermodynamic and transport properties of water and steam. It allows 16 different combinations of
input variables to be used for calculations.

Input variables that can be used are:

Pressure

Temperature

Enthalpy

Entropy

Volume

Internal energy

Steam quality

The application uses new industrial formulation for steam tables, called "IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam
(IAPWS-IF97)". For transport properties calculations are based on the latest internationally accepted equations also available from IAPWS.

Introduction to IAPWS-IF97

In 1997, the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) adopted a new formulation for the thermodynamic properties of water and steam for
industrial use. This new formulation, called:

"The IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS-IF97)"

The new Industrial formulation replaces the previous industrial formulation, IFC-67, that had formed the basis for power-plant calculation and other applications in energy engineering
since the late 1960's. IAPWS-IF97 significantly improves both the accuracy and speed of the calculation of the thermodynamic properties compared with the old formulation, IFC-67.

Advantages of IAPWS-IF97

The driving force behind the development of the new formulation was increased computing speed. This effort was promoted by the power industry, which makes extensive
use of steam properties in preparing power cycle calculations.

There are a number of important advantages which IAWPS-IF97 has over the old industrial formulation IFC-67, these include:

Improved Consistency at Interregional Boundaries

Better Agreement with Scientific Formulation (IAWPS 95)

Improved Calculation Speed

Agreement with ITS-90 International Temperature Scale

New High Temperature Region

Properties of Metastable Steam

Thermodynamic properties

Range of validity

The entire set of equations of IAPWS-IF97, used by the application for calculation of thermodynamic properties, is defined by the following temperature and pressure range:

273.15 <= T <= 1073.15 K p <= 100 MPa

1073.15 K < T <= 2273.15 K p <= 50 MPa

Regions

Figure 1 shows the five regions into which the entire range of validity of IAPWS-IF97 is divided.

Fig.1 Steam table regions defined in IAPWS-IF97

For more detailed information about the boundaries of the regions, and equations involved refer to
"Release on the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water
and Steam" presented by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam.

Transport properties

Range of validity

Surface Tension

The equation for surface tension between liquid and vapor phase has a range of validity from the triple point to the critical point:

273.16 <= T <= 647.096 K

Viscosity of Ordinary Water Substance

The equations for dynamic and kinematic viscosity are valid in the range:

216.6 K <= T <= 1000 K 0 <= p <= 100 MPa

0 °C <= t <= 150 °C p <= 500 MPa

150 °C < t <= 600 °C p <= 350 MPa

600 °C < t <= 900 °C p <= 300 MPa.

Thermal Conductivity of Ordinary Water Substance

The equations for thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are valid in the range:

216.6 K <= T <= 1000 K

0 °C <= t <= 500 °C p <= 100 MPa

500 °C < t <= 650 °C p <= 70 MPa

650 °C < t <= 800 °C p <= 40 MPa.

Prandtl Number

Prandtl number is dependent of dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity, so it has a range of validity according to these properties.

Reference State

"Since the 5th International Conference on the Properties of Steam in London in 1956, the specific internal energy and the specific entropy of the
saturated liquid at the triple point have been set equal to zero. Thus, at the triple-point temperature T = 273.16 K,"

ut' = 0

st' = 0

Input variables

To calculate properties of water and steam using IAPWS-IF97, Steam97Web allows up to 16 different combinations of input variables in SI or English units:

1 f (pressure, temperature)

2 f (pressure, enthalpy)

3 f (pressure, entropy)

4 f (pressure, specific volume)

5 f (pressure, internal energy)

6 f (temperature, enthalpy)

7 f (temperature, entropy)

8 f (temperature, specific volume)

9 f (temperature, internal energy)

10f (enthalpy, entropy)

11f (internal energy, entropy)

12f (specific volume, entropy)

13f (enthalpy, specific volume)

14f (internal energy, specific volume)

15f (pressure, quality)

16f (temperature, quality)

Range of validity for listed functions:

Functions 1-14 are valid in all five regions defined by the IAPWS-IF97

Functions 15 and 16 are valid in the region 4 (saturation region) only

PropertyIDs

All functions in the Steam Tables Spreadsheet require three arguments as input. The first two arguments are numbers specifying input data, and the third argument is a string,
called here propertyID, which specifies the property that should be calculated. Here is a list of all available properties in the Spreadsheet application and their respective
propertiyIDs. PropertyIDs are displayed in bold.

1 Pressure, p

2 Temperature, t

3 Density, d

4 Specific volume, v

5 Specific enthalpy, h

6 Specific entropy, s

7 Specific internal energy, u

8 Specific isobaric heat capacity, cp

9 Specific isochoric heat capacity, cv

10Speed of sound, w

11Isentropic exponent, kapa

12Specific Helmholtz free energy, H

13Specific Gibbs free energy, G

14Compressibility factor, Z

15Steam quality, x

16Region, region

17Isobaric volume expansion coefficient, alpha

18Isothermal compressibility, Kt

19Partial derivative (dV/dT)p, dvdt

20Partial derivative (dV/dP)T, dvdp

21Partial derivative (dP/dT)v, dpdt

22Partial derivative (dP/dV)T, dpdv

23Isothermal Joule-Thomson coefficient, iJTC

24Joule-Thomson coefficient, JTC

25Dynamic viscosity, dv

26Kinematic viscosity, kv

27Thermal conductivity, tc

28Thermal diffusivity, td

29Prandtl number, Pr

30Surface tension, Sigma

Prerequisites

The application provides a subset of functionality that is the same or similar to MS Excel, but the main feature of the application is added ability to calculate Steam Table
properties in the spreadsheet format.

It is assumed that a user has a working knowledge of MS Excel, so we will only provide support for features related to
the calculation of thermodynamic and transport properties of water and steam as implemented in the application.

Login

The premium account enables use of the Calculator application and the Spreadsheet application. The applications can be used at the
same time, but since they are two different applications a separate login is required for each application.

For the Spreadsheet, go to the Spreadsheet page and login

For the Calculator, go to the Calculator page and use login menu item or toolbar button (looks like a lock) to login

SatPXsi

doubleSatPXsi(double pressure, double quality, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate saturation properties (in SI units) based on the given pressure and quality.

SatTXsi

doubleSatTXsi(double temperature, double quality, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

SteamPTsi

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate properties (in SI units) based on the given pressure and temperature.

SteamPHsi

doubleSteamPHsi(double pressure, double enthalpy, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate properties (in SI units) based on the given pressure and enthalpy.

SteamPSsi

doubleSteamPSsi(double pressure, double entropy, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

SteamPUsi

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate properties (in SI units) based on the given pressure and internal energy.

SteamPVsi

doubleSteamPVsi(double pressure, double volume, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

SteamTHsi

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

SteamTSsi

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

SteamTUsi

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate properties (in SI units) based on the given temperature and internal energy.

SteamTVsi

doubleSteamTVsi(double temperature, double volume, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate properties (in SI units) based on the given temperature and volume.

SteamHSsi

doubleSteamHSsi(double enthalpy, double entropy, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate properties (in SI units) based on the given enthalpy and entropy.

SteamHVsi

doubleSteamHVsi(double enthalpy, double volume, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

SteamUSsi

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

SteamUVsi

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate properties (in SI units) based on the given internal energy and volume.

SteamVSsi

doubleSteamVSsi(double volume, double entropy, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate properties (in SI units) based on the given volume and entropy.

SatPXe

doubleSatPXe(double pressure, double quality, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate saturation properties (in English units) based on the given pressure and quality.

SatTXe

doubleSatTXe(double temperature, double quality, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

SteamPTe

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate properties (in English units) based on the given pressure and temperature.

SteamPHe

doubleSteamPHe(double pressure, double enthalpy, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate properties (in English units) based on the given pressure and enthalpy.

SteamPSe

doubleSteamPSe(double pressure, double entropy, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

SteamPUe

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate properties (in English units) based on the given pressure and internal energy.

SteamPVe

doubleSteamPVe(double pressure, double volume, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

SteamTHe

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate properties (in English units) based on the given temperature and enthalpy.

SteamTSe

doubleSteamTSe(double temperature, double entropy, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

SteamTUe

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate properties (in English units) based on the given temperature and internal energy.

SteamTVe

doubleSteamTVe(double temperature, double volume, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate properties (in English units) based on the given temperature and volume.

SteamHSe

doubleSteamHSe(double enthalpy, double entropy, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate properties (in English units) based on the given enthalpy and entropy.

SteamHVe

doubleSteamHVe(double enthalpy, double volume, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

SteamUSe

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

SteamUVe

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

Remarks
Use this function to calculate properties (in English units) based on the given internal energy and volume.

SteamVSe

doubleSteamVSe(double volume, double entropy, string propertyID)

Return Value
The value of the property specified by the propertyID. The value is #RANGE if point is out of the valid range, and
#INDEX if propertyID is unknown. For properties not applicable in the saturation region (region 4) return value is
#N/A in SAT.

PropertyID, the third parameter of a function, is a string. When entering it in the formula bar or a selected cell by value it must be surrounded with quotes (see Fig.3).

When propertyID is used in a reference cell the quotes are not needed since the cell value is by default of string type (see Fig.4).

Using the Function Wizard

Values as Function Arguments

Entering a function using the Function Wizard:

1 Click on the drop down to display the list of available functions (Fig.4)

2 Click on a function in the drop down to select it (Fig.4)

3 Click the Calculate button below the drop down to open the Function Wizard (Fig. 5)

4 Enter function arguments in the Function Wizard, note that argument for Property ID is surrounded with quotes (Fig. 5)

5 Press the Ok button and result will be displayed in the selected cell

Fig.4 Entering a function in the Function Wizard - Step 1

Fig.5 Entering a function in the Function Wizard - Step 2

The procedure is exactly the same for English Units, use the appropriate drop down and the Calculate button from the English Units section, to the right of the section for SI Units.

Reference Cells as Function Arguments

Entering a function using reference cells and the Function Wizard:

1 Click on the drop down to display the list of available functions (Fig.6)

2 Click on a function in the drop down to select it (Fig.6)

3 Click the Calculate button below the drop down to open the Function Wizard (Fig. 6)

4 Enter reference cells as function arguments in the Function Wizard, note that argument for Property ID in the cell B6 is not surrounded with quotes

5 Press the Ok button and the result will be displayed in the selected cell

Fig.6 Entering a function with reference cells in the Function Wizard

Editing Functions

To edit a cell containing a steam table function, use the following steps:

1 Select a cell to edit

2 In the Formula Bar make the required changes

3 Press Enter and the selected cell will be updated

Fig.7 Edit function

Performance

The application is optimized to give reasonable performance regarding the speed of calculations, but since it is a web application and depending on the number of users at any
given time performance might vary.

If you intend to work with large worksheets and require a large number of calculations (in the hundreds or thousands), this web application will not be appropriate for such use.

For such cases we suggest that you look at our desktop version of the Steam97 Excel Add-In which will satisfy such requirements.

Click on the link below to see our desktop version, the Steam97 Excel Add-In, which provides the same functionality:

Upgrades

During design and implementation we paid special attention to the portability of the worksheets created in the Steam Tables Spreadsheet application.

The calculation engine of the desktop and web version of the Steam Table library is exactly the same, so they produce exactly the same results.
Also, function names and function formatting are exactly the same, which means that you can upgrade
from the web version to the desktop version and worksheets created with the web version will continue to work in the desktop version and vice versa.

Create Charts with Steam Data

The assumption is that you have a working knowledge of MS Excel and are proficient in working with charts in the same.
The application has a similar functionality, but only provides a subset of features related to charts functionality compared to Excel.

To create a Chart use the following steps:

1 Add data to be displayed on a chart

2 Click on the Insert tab in the Ribbon

3 Select data and click on a desired chart type to insert it into the worksheet

4 Format chart

Fig.8 Saturation Line In a Radar Chart

The charts functionality is appropriate for the creation of simple charts, it is not appropriate for creating Mollier diagrams or diagrams of similar complexity.
If you need to create such complex diagrams, we recommend considering the desktop version of the software, namely the
Steam97 Excel Add-In (requires MS Excel).

File Tab

To access the File related functionality click on the File tab as depicted on the image below.

Fig.9 Select the File tab

To return back to the spreadsheet click on the Arrow as marked on the image below.

Fig.10 Return to the spreadsheet

New Workbook

To create a New workbook use the following steps:

1 Click on the File tab

2 Click on the New menu item

3 Click on the Blank workbook icon

Fig.11 Open a new workbook

Open Existing Workbook

To open an existing workbook from your desktop use the following steps:

1 Click on the File tab

2 Click on the Open menu item

Fig.12 Open workbook

Save Workbook

To Save a workbook to your desktop use the following steps:

1 Click on the File tab

2 Click on the Save As menu item

3 Click on the Save As Excel icon

Fig.13 Save workbook

IMPORTANT:
Save data often to avoid losing any work, especially if you will not be active on the page for some time.