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3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 3/90 Welcome Welcome to a new format for the Design in Tech Report. For this year's report, I took a stab at learning all the CSS/JS that I've always wanted to know, and then went after the task of making a fully responsive report. I've succeeded in doing so, and so this PDF version isn't as good as the real thing. Sorry! In the next few days I will be sharing a link to the real digital experience. But for now -- enjoy this static version of the report which has a few parts that couldn't render to static form. Because ... this year's report is truly computationally designed and therefore needs to be expressed appropriately (smile). Expect a video version on my new YouTube channel "John Maeda is Learning." —@johnmaeda 2018 Design In Tech Report | Welcome 3 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 4/90 Sections Overview 1) TBD = Tech × Business × Design How do technology, business, and design interrelate in the startup and corporate ecosystems? 2) Scaling Design How do you scale the design function in a company to impact business at the speed of Moore's Law? 3) Computational Design: 1st Steps What is "computational design" and why does it matter to business + tech? 4) Computational Design × A.I. How does artificial intelligence change the future of design and what do designers need to know? 5) Inequality What does technology have to do with rising inequalities and should I care as a designer? 6) Why Inclusive Design Do I need to care about inclusive design more when considering TBD? What can I do about it? 2018 Design In Tech Report | Welcome 4 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 5/90 Key takeaways from the Design In Tech Reports 2015 14 creative firms were atypically acquired between 2004 and 2015 by tech companies like Facebook, Flextronics, Google; also Accenture, Capital One, BBVA, McKinsey & Co. As the marginal return on computing power (a la Moore’s law) diminishes and technology is less of a differentiating factor, the value of design has entered the foreground. 27 startups that were co-founded by designers were acquired since 2010 by companies like Intuit, Google, Facebook, Adobe, LinkedIn, and Yahoo. Five (20%) of the top cumulative-funded VC- backed ventures that have raised additional capital since 2013 are noted to have designer co-founders. There were no designers on Silicon Valley's fabled “Sand Hill Road” until January of 2014 when Kleiner Perkins appointed their first Design Partner John Maeda. Shortly afterwards six more VC firms acquired new Design Partners. DESIGN DE$IGN Designing for mobile brought new experience constraints compared with the desktop, and made designers' skills invaluable as the pathway to non-techy consumers. 2016 Design firm acquisitions continue: 42 design firms since 2004, and ~50% of them in the last year alone. Accenture, Deloitte, IBM take the lead. Designers in venture capital have increased: More designers entered VC in the last two years than the previous 4 years combined. Its history is revealed. 93.5% of 370 designers surveyed believe that coding and data-oriented skills are table stakes knowledge for designers in tech. 100% of the top 10 business schools have student- led design/innovation clubs. 6-7% of the 2015 class of HBS take product management jobs. Designing Systems and Designer Culture emerge as key methods for design to achieve scale — building on agency practices and Karl Gerstner's pioneering work on Designing Programmes. Instead of seeing diversity as a problem that needs solving, designing for inclusion becomes an economic opportunity and cultural responsibility. The 3 Kinds of Design There are 3 kinds of design: Classical Design, Design Thinking, and Computational Design. The most business value is being driven by the latter two kinds of design. 2017 Demand for designers is up with Facebook, Google, and Amazon collectively growing designer headcount by 65% in a year according to LinkedIn. McKinsey & Co and Salesforce make significant bets on design with more acquisitions. Design tool startup InVision acquires 5 smaller startups. Design tools begin to evolve out of print and early web design paradigms from the Photoshop era to encompass prototyping, project management, version control, inline coding, and automation. Voice- and chat-based interfaces are grounded in mental models that don't require a visual representation. Related and unrelated artificial intelligence advancements are accelerating. Coverage of tech design trends in China begins. Chinese design in tech principles and practices are leading the world, and are often overlooked. 90% of designers surveyed say that having a more diverse design team is personally important to them. The number one request inside their companies is to: "Talk about it more internally." Inclusive Design Takes Off Adopting an inclusive design approach expands a tech product’s total addressable market. The tipping point for inclusive design begins to tip. Source: Design in Tech Reports 2018 Design In Tech Report | Welcome 5 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 6/90 Design in Tech Reports simpliﬁed 2015 Design isn't just about beauty; it’s about market relevance and meaningful results. DESIGN is about DE$IGN — and it's traditionally been that case since the era of the Bauhaus, and even way before. 2016 There are 3 kinds of design: Classical Design, Design Thinking, and Computational Design. The most business value is being driven by the latter two kinds of design, but Classical Design is slowly evolving. 2017 Adopting an inclusive design approach expands a tech product’s total addressable market. Inclusion is good business. And new proof points are emerging. More will start to emerge as inclusive design takes hold. Source: 2018 Design In Tech Report | Welcome 6 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 7/90 Quick info about the 2017 Report On Slideshare there were 800K+ views. With new video and audio versions there were 30K+ accesses. Writing and its critical importance to design — an insight by Fatimah Kabba — was by far the most popular perspective in last year's report. SEO for the new home designintechreport.wordpress.com has stuck solidly. Thanks for your help and for your encouragement to continue! About the 2017 #DesignInTech Report Source: Twitter and Giphy 2018 Design In Tech Report | Welcome 7 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 9/90 TBD = Tech × Business × Design Design in tech is evolving rapidly and globally Design isn't just about beauty; it’s about market relevance and meaningful results. There are three kinds of design. Classical Design, Design Thinking, and Computational Design. In 2017 there were 21 acquisitions of creative agencies or designer-founded startups. Medical schools in the US are using design thinking in their curricula. Consulting companies are going beyond just design thinking — they're changing how business is done. China continues to lead in designing experiences at a scale and level of sophistication that astounds. Indian and Latin American markets are adopting design. And we have a lot to learn from them. Gen B(older) is becoming a market opportunity for new products and services that can't be ignored. 2018 Design In Tech Report | Technology × Business × Design 9 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 10/90 There Are Three Kinds of Design 01 There’s a right way to make what is perfect, crafted, and complete. Classical Design Driver/ the Industrial Revolution, and prior to that at least a few millennia of ferment. 02 Because execution has outpaced innovation, and experience matters. Design Thinking Driver/ the need to innovate in relation to individual customer needs requires empathy. 03 Design for billions of individual people and in real time, is at scale and TBD. Computational Design Driver/ the impact of Moore’s Law, mobile computing, and the latest tech paradigms. 2018 Design In Tech Report | Technology × Business × DesignSource: 2017 Design In Tech Report 10 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 11/90 At NIKE Digital, we embrace open source, contributing to the community by building – and sharing – digital solutions that work on a global scale. We invest in cutting-edge technologies and work with a network of open source libraries and tools, like React.js, Node.js and GraphQL. These investments and tools help us advance web and native UI development, evolve our data science and eCommerce capabilities, refine our DevOps and retool our services infrastructure. —2017 Nike job board archived listing Understands Computation Has facility with representational codes and maybe programming codes. Knows what is easy and possible, hard and possible, difficult and impossible for now. Thinks Critically About Technology Practices being a humanist technologist who asks questions about what's being made, who's making it, and why. Uses All Three Kinds of Designs Taps into the rich history of classical design (form and content) while leading and teaming inclusively via design thinking within their org, or across orgs, for profit or not-for-profit. Actively Learning AI And The New Considers intersectionality as a source of creativity and a primary driver of change. Embraces new paradigms and learns them deeply. Embraces what as French poet Guillaume Apollinaire in the Bauhaus era wrote, "New (hu)man must have the courage to be new." What's a Computational Designer? Source: Nike jobs.nike.com via Wayback Machine 2018 Design In Tech Report | Technology × Business × Design 11 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 12/90 Does computational design play a material role in a company? As reported in Leah Buley's widely reviewed 2016 State of UX essay: When asked, "What measurable outcomes resulting from user experience are you most proud of?" high-impact respondents gave responses like: "Multimillion dollar increases in conversion and customer lifetime value." By contrast, one low-impact respondent answered, "We are moving so fast there has been no time or resources for testing/outcomes – even for small usability improvements." Leah Buley Co. State of UX 2016 Survey To what extent has your organization found UX to be a driver ofthe following measures? Low impact Source: @leahbuley / Leah Buley Co. The State of UX in 2016 2018 Design In Tech Report | Technology × Business × Design 12 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 13/90 Computational Designer vs Classical Designer When people in the tech industry talk about “design,” they often make the mistake of not differentiating between classical designers and computational designers. The former kind of designer might craft a wooden chair for a home which is used by a few people; the latter kind of designer might craft an app for a smartphone which is used by hundreds of millions of people. Classical Design Computational Design Number of Active Users Few to Millions Few to Billions Time Needed to Deploy Completed Product Weeks to Months through Distribution Channels Instantaneously Delivered Over the Net “Perfection” is Achievable Yes There’s a ﬁnal state. No It’s always evolving. Designer’s Level of Conﬁdence Absolute, and Self-Validating Generally High, but Open to Analyzing Testing/Research Production Materials Paper, Wood, Metal, and Anything Physical Data, Models, Algorithms, and Anything Virtual Skills With Tools Are Generally Grounded In Hands and Laws of Physics Mind and Computer + Social Sciences Source: 2018 Design In Tech Report | Technology × Business × Design 13 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 14/90 What's a Design Thinker? The Evolution of Design in the Enterprise BIRTH OF TRADITIONAL DESIGN FOR LARGE CORPORATIONS / CORPORATE IDENTITY+IMAGE AND PRODUCT STYLING 1950s GM’s CEO makes the first executive position in design with Harley Earl elevated to VP. 1966 IBM Memo to IBM employees by CEO TJ Watson Jr. about the emerging importance of design to the company. BIRTH OF MODERN PRODUCT DESIGN FIRMS / FROM TRADITIONAL DESIGN, TO DESIGN OF SYSTEMS+SERVICES 1982 From 1982 Apple’s design language begins to form with frog and Hartmut Esslinger’s direction. 1991 David Kelley, Bill Moggridge, Mike Nutall join forces and change the course of design by co- founding IDEO. BIRTH OF "DESIGN THINKING" AND DESIGN STRATEGY / HARNESSING THE CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF DESIGNERS 2005 Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford starts. IDEO's Jane Fulton Suri publishes Thoughtless Acts? and brings design research to the foreground. 2008-09 Roger L. Martin describes design thinking at the CEO level with P&G’s AG Laffley and his book on The Design of Business. (SAP and P&G were a few of the early executive adopters of Design Thinking.) "DESIGN THINKING" MAINSTREAMS AS WHOLE BUSINESS STRATEGY / RE- CONTEXTUALIZING DESIGN, MAKING B- SCHOOLS INTO D-SCHOOLS 2015-16 Phil Gilbert leads IBM’s $100M bet to bring design back to IBM. Tim Brown and Roger L. Martin open the introductory issue for HBR on “The Evolution of Design Thinking.” Top 10 B-schools all have student-led design clubs. 2018 IBM Design open sources their Enterprise Design Thinking framework for all. Source: @librariobabel Good deﬁnition of design thinking 2018 Design In Tech Report | Technology × Business × Design 14 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 15/90 The large consulting ﬁrms are the major M&A driver 21 new acquisitions of creative agencies or designer-founded startups noted in 2017. 2017 JAN - FEB Idean acquired by Capgemini Unity&Variety acquired by Salesforce Sequence acquired by Salesforce Dribbble acquired by Tiny DeviantArt acquired by Wix MARCH JWalk acquired by Shiseido MAY The Monkeys and Maud acquired by Accenture JUNE Market Gravity acquired by Deloitte Intrepid acquired by Accenture JULY Maya acquired by BCG Clearhead acquired by Accenture AUGUST Wire Stone acquired by Accenture Acne acquired by Deloitte OCTOBER Cooper acquired by Designit/Wipro Telepathy acquired by ServiceNow (CEO: John Donahoe) Brand.ai acquired by InVision YARD acquired by Kyu Collective. SEPTEMBER Matter acquired by Accenture VLT Labs acquired by McKinsey & Co TandemSeven acquired by Genpact. DECEMBER Rothco acquired by Accenture 2018 We’re excited to join Verizon in their quest to put customers in control of their connectivity and create breakthrough live and digital experiences. —Moment acquired by Verizon March 2018 Source: @tberno @jcoronado1 @leahbuley @hugosarrazin @randyjhunt @scootermcdoog @ezyjules @shatzygoespro 2018 Design In Tech Report | Technology × Business × Design 15 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 16/90 Classical Designers Tend to Look Down on Design Thinking The reduction of a complex creative problem-solving mindset into five steps makes design seem easy when it’s not. A certificate for the completion of a design thinking course is not enough to transform a business into the next Apple. So don’t be deceived by the demystification of the design process or the chance to workshop out million-dollar ideas over post-its. There’s more to design than what design thinking dealers are preaching. —Natasha Jen on "Why Design Thinking is bullshit" Source: It's Nice That Fortune 2018 Design In Tech Report | Technology × Business × Design 16 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 17/90 This list does not include universities where medical students took design thinking classes in schools outside of the medical school. It also does not include health care professional schools. Example: Stanford medical students who might take design thinking classes at the d.school or Penn medical students taking design classes in the architecture school. Also, this is not an inventory of academic medical centers or hospitals that have a design group or team. Many of these teams employ human centered design but do not necessarily teach medical students. Medical schools in the US that offer a formal program or classes that teach design thinking to medical students 1. Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin 2. Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine (not yet opened) 3. Mayo Clinic School of Medicine 4. The College of Osteopathic Medicine at Oklahoma State University 5. The Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University 6. The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University 7. University of Michigan Medical School 8. University of Virginia School of Medicine 9. Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell In my experience, Design Thinking provides a platform for non-designers (myself included) - doctors, nurses and medical students - to work with designers. DT is a primer that provides us a shared language. Many of us who are in health care have already been practicing elements of DT (empathizing, prototyping, testing, etc.) but we just didn't know what to call it. I do not believe that DT is a step by step recipe. We teach our medical students to develop a design mindset and build their creative muscles. Design thinking helps us to reimagine a better future state of health care and give us some more tools in how to get there. —Bon Ku, MD, MPP Medical schools are using design thinking Source: @bonku 2018 Design In Tech Report | Technology × Business × Design 17 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 18/90 Consulting companies are going beyond just design thinking This complex discipline does itself a disservice to just call itself "design," which signals only surface-level solutions. Perhaps we’ll start to see new ways of describing these multifaceted and interconnected capabilities. —Hugo Sarrazin 01 Journey Design Infusing traditional customer (or employee) experience work with design thinking to help create spaces and experiences that drive consumer (or employee) satisfaction, operational efficiency, and revenue growth. 02 Advanced Analytics The convergence of Advanced Analytics (including AI) and Design is driving the confluence of insights (both quantitative and qualitative) informing the discovery and design of a solution – where data and creativity work together, not against one- another. 03 New Design Paradigm For design to inform new growth opportunities for clients, the need to quantify the value it can achieve by having great DNA as a company becomes critical. 04 Designer Hybrids As designers are now working on problems relevant to the c-suite they need to build core analytical skills that allow them to equate their design beliefs into quantifiable impact that can deliver business value have been identified. Source: @hugosarrazin Good Design Is Good Business 2018 Design In Tech Report | Technology × Business × Design 18 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 20/90 Design for Action HBR, September 2015 Tim Brown and Roger L. Martin The Empathy Economy BusinessWeek, March 2005 / Bruce Nussbaum The Beauty of Simplicity Fast Company 2005 / Linda Tischler Design Thinking Is A Failed Experiment. So What’s Next? BusinessWeek 2011 / Bruce Nussbaum John Maeda distinguishes between three categories: “classical” designers, who create physical objects or products for a specific group of people (think architects as well as industrial, furniture and graphic designers); “commercial” designers who innovate by seeking deep insights into how customers interact with products and services (think teams of researchers huddled around whiteboards and mosaics of brightly colored Post-it notes); and “computational” designers, who use programming skills and data to satisfy millions or even billions of users instantaneously (think tech firms like Amazon and Facebook). —Clay Chandler TIME The Meaning of Design Is up for Debate. And That’s a Good Thing TIME, March 12, 2018 / Clay Chandler The perception of design and its impact to business is cyclic some info some info Source: #DesignInTech Chronology 2018 Design In Tech Report | Technology × Business × Design 20 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 23/90 Think Beyond Silicon Valley: India and Design By 2050, India’s economy is projected to be the world’s second largest, behind only China. —WEF 01 English Speaking 125 million English speakers, second only to the United States. Oral tradition where narrative is the primary mode of culture propagation. India is a pluralistic society, secular and incredibly diverse. Multi-ethnic Art & Craft tradition with local idioms marking design sensibilities. * Strictly speaking, there is no such thing as a unified "Indian" culture-it's identified by region / state. Differing in Cuisine, Language, Performing arts, Apparel, Customs, Music, Literature, Architecture, … 02 Mobile Culture India has the second largest installed base of smartphones in the world behind China of ~300 million. Basic smartphone handsets are available at below $50 Monthly data plan for under $2 People in India spent ~150 billion hours on Android devices in 2016 70% of Indians consider local language (22 official local languages) digital content more reliable than content in English 9 out of 10 users coming online are not proficient in English, but adapt anyways. Many use the English keyboard -- not bothering to switch to the script of their native language 03 China with (not vs) India China and India make a complementary combination of machine power and human power: China - Products / India - Services. They're giant neighbors. Each has a population of over a billion (they collectively account for 36.3% of the world's people). They anchor the "rise of the rest." Each touts its style of governance as opposed to that of the other: China, with its authoritarian efficiency; India, with its democratic vibrancy. 04 JUGAAD In Hindi, “overcoming harsh constraints by improvising an effective solution using limited resources”. (a.k.a. "the MVP") Thrift not waste. Inclusion, not exclusion. Bottom-up participation, not top- down command and control. Flexible thinking and action, not linear planning. HBR (2010) / Ravi Radjou, Jaideep Prabhu, and Simone Ahuja Source: @sunilmalhotra Indian Express Quartz Recode HBR 2018 Design In Tech Report | Technology × Business × Design 23 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 24/90 Think Beyond Silicon Valley: Latin America and Design Latin America has the fastest rate of smartphone adoption in the world. —Fast Company 01 Design Rush Latin America (LATAM) has a long history with design that started out in the 1950s. 1950s - Mexico, Argentina and Brazil led the movement in LATAM of formal design schools. Today - Vibrant startup ecosystem. Insitum, "IDEO of emerging markets" has 5 offices in LATAM and 140+ consultants. Future - A new generation of mobile users could create an ideal environment for a new digital currency. 02 With the Wall or Without It LATAM region, with 650 million people, is exploring opportunities to be less dependent on the US economy. The Trans Pacific Partnership has been signed between 11 countries, and China is solidifying its ties with the region via startups. Ex: China's Didi acquires 99, a ridesharing company in Brazil 99. 03 Copy, Adapt and Improve Increased activity in the startup ecosystem in LATAM. Many of the startups are adaptations of successful models elsewhere customized to LATAM environment, while often finding opportunities to improve beyond the original. Ex: Kubo Financiero is the Mexican LendingClub, and it's introduced a social responsibility component to investing - which resonates with users in a nationalistic country like Mexico. 04 Design for Trust Corruption is everywhere. There is a generalized lack of trust between people, companies and governments. Startups are disrupting traditional industries by designing to inspire trust and prevent fraud while providing a good user experience. Ex: Nubank. - online credit card company, and Enlight - Mexico's solar-energy startup. Source: @luisarnal @insitum @fastcompany @bloomberg @kuboﬁnanciero @nubankbrasil @enlightmx @techcrunch @bloomberg 2018 Design In Tech Report | Technology × Business × Design 24 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 27/90 You're not getting any younger. You're getting B(older). Restricting its estimate to those aged 60 and up, market research firm Euromonitor predicts that by 2020, worldwide older-adult spending will reach $15 trillion—and that's still well before global aging will fully hit its stride. By 2030, the Boston Consulting Group estimates that the 55-plus population will have been responsible for 50 percent of the US consumer spending growth since 2008, 67 percent of that of Japan, and 86 percent for that of Germany. It's no exaggeration to say that the world's most advanced economies will soon revolve around the needs, wants, and whims of grandparents. —Joseph Coughlin Source: The Longetivity Economy 2018 Design In Tech Report | Technology × Business × Design 27 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 28/90 Think Beyond GenZ + Millenials: Think Gen B(older) 01 A B(older) EU Median Age U.N. projects some European countries to start hitting a median age of 50 or higher. This includes countries like Spain, Italy, Portugal, and Greece, and then later Germany, Poland, Bosnia, and Croatia. —WEF 02 A B(older) US Too From 1960 to 2060, our pyramid will turn into a rectangle. We'll have almost as many Americans over age 85 as under age 5. —PEW 03 Startup CEOs Get B(older) The aging of the U.S. population, combined with the increasing rate of new entrepreneurs among individuals aged fifty-five to sixty- four, have shifted this group from making up 14.8 percent of new entrepreneurs in the 1997 Index to 25.8 percent of all new entrepreneurs in the 2015 Index. —Kauffman Foundation Younger entrepreneurs (ages twenty to thirty­four) made up 24.7 percent of all new entrepreneurs in the 2015 index Source: @aronstrandberg @kauffmanfdn Monocle: Aging in Cities 1514 - 2015 PEW Research: Immigrants 2018 Design In Tech Report | Technology × Business × Design 28 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 29/90 Scaling Design Design capabilities don't scale like Moore's Law Design is generally used early in the product development process instead of applied at the very end before it is shipped. Creating an inclusive culture for designers is how to start building better products. Listening to what they value is how to start. Unconscious bias is promoted by stereotypes that exclude others. Recognizing exclusion is a way to take immediate action. Design tools and systems are ch-ch-changing these days. Among many new capabilities, machine intelligence looks to change everything. We're in a golden age of data visualization and quant-qual science. The tools that are available today enable understanding -- for those who want it. User research skills and product management skills are vital for designers to understand to work more inclusively with customers and product colleagues. 2018 Design In Tech Report | Scaling Design 29 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 30/90 Is a college degree necessary to succeed as a designer in tech? 86% of current design students surveyed said that they learned their digital skills from resources outside their coursework. —2016 1 3 7 6 4 8 5 10 9 2 1.25% 2.5% 3.75% 5% 6.25% 7.5% 8.75% 10% Size of your Do you have Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree What indus Do you ﬁnd A college degree is necessary to succeed as a designer in tech. Google Data Studio Source: #DesignInTech 2018 Open Survey | 1219 samples 2018 Design In Tech Report | Scaling Design 30 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 31/90 Is the culture of your company set up for design to succeed? Which kind of design-oriented company are you? How is your design function organized? A. We have a single central design department B. We have multiple design teams C. Design is a distributed expertise, not a department How do you manage the physical/digital divide? A. We have discrete physical and digital design teams B. Our different design functions sit and operate together C. We train our teams so they can integrate more effectively Where do your design teams work? A. Design works out of a central office B. Our designers sit in all of our offices C. We have cross-functional product/service studios Does design ﬁt into your development process? A. We have a clear design phase B. Design is involved in several stages of the development process C. Design is involved throughout life cycle (cradle to grave) When do you undertake user research? A. Early qualitative research B. Early qualitative and quantitative research C. Qualitative and quantitative research throughout What do you do with research ﬁndings? A. We report what the customers tell us B. We assess what the customers want C. We interpret what the customer actually needs When do you prototype? A. We have a prototyping phase B. We may have more than one prototyping phase C. We iterate end-to-end and prototype as needed Why do you prototype? A. To check production/launch feasibility only B. To fail "fast" -- kill under-performing ideas C. To "refine fast" -- build on solutions and address our failings Who leads design in your company? A. A head of department, e.g. marketing B. A chief design officer C. A chief design officer who is a peer to other board members How do you make design decisions? A. Based on leader opinions B. Using semi-subjective metrics C. Objectively (using design metrics) How do you track design performance? A. We do not track design performance B. We review customer feedback post-launch C. We track pre- and post-launch as rigorously as we measure quality, cost, and delivery How do you incentivize good design? A. We have no incentives tied to customers or design B. Design shares company-level performance bonuses C. We track and reward customer satisfaction, even at board level How brave is your organization when it comes to making design decisions? A. We suffer from bloated and incremental product portfolio B. We have become better at killing incremental products during project development C. We strive to create bold new products to meet unmet needs, and accept that not all will Take the McKosmo Quiz to ﬁnd out your type! It's easy. Source: @hugosarrazin More than a feeling: Ten design practices to deliver business value 2018 Design In Tech Report | Scaling Design 31 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 32/90 At what stage is design typically involved? 2.98 overall average on a 1-to-10 point progression from a product's conception (1) to just before it ships (10). Last year it was 2.89. 64% are 3 and below, which means the majority use design early. By far the largest number of samples are from the US, so the variance by country will be less reliable, but good to note. At what stage is design typically involved in the product development at your company? Si W Is Google Data Studio 2018 Design In Tech Report | Scaling DesignSource: #DesignInTech 2018 Open Survey | 1219 samples 32 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 33/90 Whatever you do, don't F up the culture Why is culture so important to a business? Here is a simple way to frame it. The stronger the culture, the less corporate process a company needs. When the culture is strong, you can trust everyone to do the right thing. People can be independent and autonomous. They can be entrepreneurial. And if we have a company that is entrepreneurial in spirit, we will be able to take our next "(wo)man on the moon" leap. In organizations (or even in a society) where culture is weak, you need an abundance of heavy, precise rules and processes. —Brian Chesky Source: @bchesky 2018 Design In Tech Report | Scaling Design 33 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 34/90 Creating an inclusive culture for designers is where to start Do any of these designer stereotypes sound familiar? Designers make it pretty. Designers can't lead teams. Designers don't understand business. Designers only care how it looks. Source: #DesignInTech 2018 Open Survey | 1219 samples 34 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 35/90 Unconscious bias is promoted by stereotypes that exclude others What false stereotype would you like to break when it comes to how designers are perceived? Stereotype/ Design = ... 3 more as ... 2 more doesn't ... 2 more is howitlooks ... 2 more a ... 4 more about making ... 2 more ... 3 more an ... 2 more important ... 2 more just about ... 2 more ... 5 more more ... 2 more not about ... 4 more just ... 3 more ... 10 more only visual. ... 2 more the ... 2 more ... 17 more isn't ... 3 more means ... 2 more ... 20 more are ... 2 more i ... 2 more 2018 Design In Tech Report | Scaling DesignSource: #DesignInTech 2018 Open Survey | 1219 samples Darya Zabelina et al on creative mindsets 35 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 36/90 How do you create an inclusively managed culture for designers? Hey, Boss! Can you please ... Be clear about the business problem. Advocate for the user. Allow for failure. Ask questions to build empathy. 2018 Design In Tech Report | Scaling DesignSource: #DesignInTech 2018 Open Survey | 1219 samples 36 / 90

3/10/2018 2018 Design In Tech
Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 37/90 Every boss of designers can stand to hear feedback every day What would you tell your boss if you could be "radically candid"? But how do you give it back? Katie Dill has good tips for Criticism and Recognition. Hey-Boss Advocatefor a ... 2 more ... 3 more stronglyfordesignandmakedecisions. Allow for ... 3 more more ... 2 more us ... 3 more ... 4 more Ask morequestions ... 3 more questions ... 2 more ... 2 more Be a better ... 2 more design ... 2 more strongeradvocatefor ... 2 more ... 3 more an ... 2 more conﬁdentenough ... 2 more honest ... 2 more more present ... 3 more transparent ... 2 more ... 19 more myadvocate ... 2 more open minded ... 2 more to ... 5 more ... 3 more proactive ... 2 more supportive ... 2 more 2018 Design In Tech Report | Scaling DesignSource: @kimballscott @lil_dill #DesignInTech 2018 Open Survey | 1219 samples 37 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 38/90 Tools that ground the visual language of the computer 1981 The Paintbox package came together complete with its own disc store and library management. At that time a big hard drive held 70 megabytes on 14-inch platters that occupied about 4RU, took loads of power and cost about £5000. —Quantel 1984 MacPaint was written by Bill Atkinson, who was a member of the original Macintosh development team. He based it on his earlier LisaSketch (also called SketchPad) for the unsuccessful Apple Lisa computer, so he originally called it MacSketch. He started work on the Mac version in early 1983. —The Computer History Museum 1989 Adobe Photoshop 1.0 minimum system requirements are hard disk and 2 megabytes RAM. A gray-scale or color monitor is recommended, and a Macintosh compatible scanner is optional. —First Versions Source: A. Michael Noll Using Photoshop 1.0 in 2015 Source Code for Photoshop @winworldpc 2018 Design In Tech Report | Scaling Design 38 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 39/90 Prototyping tools started in code and got more visual 1987 Apple Computer Inc. will introduce an unusual database and management information program Tuesday that the company hopes will help it maintain its lead in technology for making computers easy to use. The new software, known as Hypercard, will enable users of Apple's Macintosh computers to organize information on computerized file cards that can be linked to other file cards in intricate ways. The program will be included for no charge with each Macintosh sold, starting this month. —NYT 1990 VideoWorks (1985 predecessor to Director) required a "Macintosh with at least 128k" and "although VideoWorks will work satisfactorily with just the Macintosh's internal drive, a second (external) drive will help avoid a lot of disc swapping." —Lingo Workshop 2013 Emily Schwartzman road tests many of the then available prototyping tools and provides a useful study and chart — which grows into a general resource on Cooper. Source: @oddowl 2018 Design In Tech Report | Scaling Design 39 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 41/90 Erondu's Playbook has the Qs&As for designers amidst scaling The top 15 questions designers are asking today 1. How do you elevate the perception of design at a company? 2. How do you show the value of design to justify hiring more designers? 3. How do you establish more transparency for design within a company? 4. How do you know when it's time to leave a company? 5. As a team grows, how do you maintain the quality and consistency of its design work? 6. What’s the best way to present work during a design critique? 7. How can a team keep track of past work and learnings as a living repository? 8. When working with remote teams, how do you effectively collaborate with each other? 9. How do you know when a design is 'done'/right? 10. What are commonly used design KPIs? 11. What are things to do to avoid burnout? / 12. When interviewing, what are some questions to ask about a company's culture and design team? 13. Is going to college worth it? (college) 14. How should I structure my design portfolio to best communicate my skillsets? 15. Should I start my career at an agency, startup, or big company? Source: @jerondu @askplaybook 2018 Design In Tech Report | Scaling Design 41 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 42/90 We're in a new age of data visualization × quant-qual science What's a Data Scientist? The core set of skills: Programming Skills Statistics Machine Learning Multivariable Calculus & Linear Algebra Data Wrangling Data Intuition Data Visualization & Communication OSDSM The Open Source Data Science Master's Degree is a cool set of resources gathered by Clare Corthell. Talk data to me Data visualization and journalism teams at The Guardian NYT WSJ have been at the forefront. These tools show a new direction: Observable by Mike Bostock Data Studio by Google Colaboratory by Google And open source ones exist too: D3.js by Mike Bostock Processing by Processing Team Zeppelin by Apache DrawBot by DrawBot Team Have I given up on design? Nope. I'm just collecting all the parts I've been learning/doing for my whole life before — I get uploaded to the big cloud in the sky one day. To design amazing experiences for people, I've always chosen to think/work inclusively and broadly. Source: @udacity @clarecorthell 2018 Design In Tech Report | Scaling Design 42 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 45/90 The best way to scale design? Listen to what Bill used to say. 1943-2012 If there's a simple, easy design principle that binds everything together, it's probably about starting with the people. —Bill Moggridge IDEO Bill Moggridge, co­founder of IDEO and director of the Smithsonian’s Cooper­Hewitt National Design Museum, died September 8th, 2012, following a battle with cancer. An outspoken advocate for the value of design in everyday life, Bill pioneered interaction design and integrated human factors into the design of computer software and hardware. Source: @ideo @cooperhewitt 2018 Design In Tech Report | Scaling Design 45 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 47/90 Computational Design: First Steps Atoms × Bits × People has happened at scale Custom fabrication technology that leverages computation while using less tech, traditional manufacturing ideas is becoming more accessible. Speech recognition has advanced to the point where the experiences provided by this technology are becoming just as important as how computer graphics technology brought GUIs to the screen. Augmented reality (and VR) experiments and ideas abound as the technology becomes more accessible via smartphones and inexpensive peripherals. The majority of Americans now own a cellphone and are rapidly upgrading to smartphones, but the US lags in 13th place in average mobile data used per person across countries. Speed is a key design attribute of a mobile experience with sessions averaging on the order of 30 seconds and over half of site visitors abandoning a site visit if takes longer than 3 seconds to load. 2018 Design In Tech Report | Computational DesignSource: 47 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 48/90 Atoms × Bits are getting cheaper to work (and experiment) with Line US via the UK Mayku via the UK The Line US and Mayku devices are excellent examples of low-cost, sophisticated computational design tools to work (and experiment) in the physical world. Line US is genius, and Mayku uses old-school vacuum forming methods. Design milestones to note are a 4d-printed dress by Nervous Systems accessioned to MoMA and the ever-expanding work of MIT Media Lab's Neri Oxman. Manufacturing machinery advances to note in 3d-printing are materials scientist Jennifer Lewis' work on footwear with Voxel8 and advanced 3d-printing capability in metal achieved by Desktop Metal. Source: @johnmaeda @Line_us_machine @teammayku 2018 Design In Tech Report | Computational Design 48 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 49/90 Mobile (Atoms × Bits) is how everyone (will) get things done When a question or need arises, our phones are by far our most trusted resource, with 96% of people using a smartphone to get things done. To meet these needs, people are at least twice as likely to use search than other online or offline sources such as store visits or social media —Lisa Gevelber Google Mobile phone ownership ource: urve conducted 2002-2018. Chart Data hare m ed % of U.S. adults who own the following devices Cellphone Smartphone The vast majority of Americans – 95% – now own a cellphone of some kind. The share of Americans that own smartphones is now 77%, up from just 35% in Pew Research Center’s first survey of smartphone ownership conducted in 2011. —PEW Research Center (2018) The Open Source typeface Inter UI claims to be better for reading text on a mobile device. Starbucks is challenged by mobile order-ahead fulfillment but will likely design good fixes. Source: @google @pewresearch @rsms 2018 Design In Tech Report | Computational Design 49 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 50/90 Mobile adds time to our digital lives, and data usage to our plans Mobile’s mostly additive — it added more screen time in the US than it took from other media. Time spent on mobile has surged, while time spent on other media has only slowly declined. —Luke Wroblewski Finland's average mobile data usage per person per month is 10.95Gb, followed by Latvia 8.21Gb, Austria 6.28, Sweden 4.38, Denmark 4.37. The US is #13 at 2.67Gb. —OECD Source: @lukew @emarketer @OECD 2018 Design In Tech Report | Computational Design 50 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 52/90 Mobile phones have more sensors than a microphone these days In 2018, currently Android Docs lists Android Sensor Types as having 9 base sensors. And there are 5 other "composite sensor" types that are created out of the base sensor systems. Two sensors not listed there are the microphone and visible light camera — of which smartphones today now sport two each, at least. For context, a BMW 5-series car has a 100 or more sensors. Sensors provide data, software provides experiences. —Qualcomm (2014) Android base sensors Accelerometer Ambient temperature Magnetic field sensor Gyroscope Heart Rate Light Proximity Pressure Relative humidity Android composite sensor types Linear acceleration Significant motion Step detector Step counter Tilt detector Other sensors on devices Range camera, IR camera, Heart rate, Fingerprint The Nintendo Switch represents a different kind of form-factor in design, which gives rise to a different kind of experience. Snapchat Spectacles received a lot of attention for how it failed to capture attention, but it remains a clever design experiment. Relevant SNL sketches: Alexa Glasses Source: Quora Android Privacy Issues iOS Privacy Issues 2018 Design In Tech Report | Computational Design 52 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 53/90 Towards conversational design Conversation is not a new interface. It's the oldest interface. Conversation is how humans interact with one another, and have for millennia. We should be able to use the same principles to make our digital systems easy and intuitive to use by finally getting the machines to play by our rules. —Erika Hall Source: @mulegirlConversational Interfaces 2018 Design In Tech Report | Computational Design 53 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 54/90 Conversational experience design is worth talking about Voice promises to deliver interactions closer to how we all communicate as human beings. Applications have to adapt to people now, instead of the other way around. —Khoi Vinh Siri saying, "One liter is 38.1 fluid ounces." in iOS 9, iOS 10, iOS11. —Apple Machine Learning Conversational Design is out this month by design leader, user research guru, and author, Erika Hall. The experience design milestone in prose × chat by Typeform is worth reading/seeing/interacting. Sonos enters the voice arena with the Sonos One Voice recognition is the transcribing of audio to text and natural language processing is taking that text and working out what command might be in it. Since 2012, error rates for these tasks have gone from perhaps a third to under 5%. In other words, this works, mostly, when in the past it didn't. —Benedict Evans The Science of Talking with Computers DAVID Miami / BK Spot Infinite Looping Voice Assistants Billy Bass Alexa Source: @sonos @khoi @benedictevans @mulegirl @typeform 2018 Design In Tech Report | Computational Design 54 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 55/90 The Web's become much better at listening and speaking up 2012 This specification defines a JavaScript API to enable web developers to incorporate speech recognition and synthesis into their web pages. It enables developers to use scripting to generate text-to-speech output and to use speech recognition as an input for forms, continuous dictation and control. The JavaScript API allows web pages to control activation and timing and to handle results and alternatives. —W3C 2018 var recognition = new SpeechRecognition(); The Web Speech API provides two distinct areas of functionality — speech recognition, and speech synthesis (also know as text to speech, or tts) — which open up interesting new possibilities for accessibility, and control mechanisms. —Mozilla Using the Web Speech API Listen Talk Colors Map States Google Experiments Mystery Animal Meme Buddy Source: @codepen @jakemhiller @matt-west @rodriguesmarcos @nickfordesign @michaelarestad 2018 Design In Tech Report | Computational Design 55 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 56/90 Should you care about augmented/virtual reality? Sure! We believe that AR technologies will be instrumental in closing the skill gap that is responsible for the shortage of skilled manufacturing workers. Because AR will allow more workers to do high-skill jobs, and improve their performance in this work, we are optimistic that industrial productivity will grow and that this will ultimately translate into higher wages. —HBR iOS 11 - AR app - recording sound in space and playing ba… Zach Lieberman and collaborators VR Project iCan Source: @zachlieberman @zappyzappy7 @google Mobile AR Design ARtists at Work 2018 Design In Tech Report | Computational Design 56 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 57/90 Computational Design: Artiﬁcial Intelligence AI isn't good at inclusive design because we aren't, too 88% of designers surveyed believe that it will be at least 5 years or more until visual designers are replaced by AI. AI can already do a lot right now. The history of AI and generating visual art goes back to the 1960s with A. Michael Noll and other artists at Bell Labs, and stretches back to Marcel Duchamp. AI is extremely proficient at tedious tasks that no human should really have to do, like: adjust image contrast, correct messy lines, and re-style images. Google is by far the leader in mixing AI with design experimentation due to the amazing talent they've acquired like Martin Wattenberg and Fernanda Viegas — who at IBM first advanced data visualization with their landmark Many Eyes. AI is showing us the unintended consequences of running what appear to be "fair" algorithms that feed off of past activity and practices that are converted into training data. But embedded in that training data is our long history of exclusion. 2018 Design In Tech Report | Computational Design: AI 57 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 58/90 When do you expect AI to replace most visual designers? 5 years or more before AI replaces most visual designers believed by 88% of designers surveyed 35% of designers surveyed believe it will be ten years or more When do you expect machine intelligence to replace most visual designers? Size Wh Is y Google Data Studio Source: #DesignInTech 2018 Open Survey | 1219 samples 2018 Design In Tech Report | Computational Design: AI 58 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 59/90 AI has gone to art school and its grades are improving Input Image —Max-Planck Institute Generated Image —Max-Planck Institute A digital computer and microfilm plotter were used to produce a semirandom picture similar in composition to Piet Mondrian's painting "Composition With Lines" (1917). Only 28% of the Ss were able to correctly identify the computer-generated picture, while 59% of the Ss preferred the computer-generated picture. Both percentages were statistically diferent (0.05 level) from selections based upon chance according to a binomial test. —A. Michael Noll (1966) GitHub repositories with AI-related terms 94,681 machine learning 28,189 deep learning 10,544 artificial intelligence Source: March 9, 2018 GitHub search / Psychology Record / Max-Planck Institute 2018 Design In Tech Report | Computational Design: AI 59 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 63/90 It's only human that we will work to thwart AI with all our might How do you turn a dog into a dar? Change a single pixel. —Technology Review On March 28th, 2017 congress passed a law that makes it legal for your Internet Service Providers (ISP) to track and sell your personal activity online. This means that things you search for, buy, read, and say can be collected by corporations and used against you. Click this button , and your browser will start passively loading random sites in browser tabs. Leave it running to fill their databases with noise. Just quit your browser when you're done. —makeinternetnoise.com How to hide from machines? How to become invisible in an increasingly visual age. —ANTFC version alpha* Source: @techreview @wired @madedotcom 2018 Design In Tech Report | Computational Design: AI 63 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 64/90 Because what we make in now has unintended consequences JULY 2015 Google Mistakenly Tags Black people as “Gorillas” Showing Limits of Algorithms WSJ JUNE 2016 More Airbnb Customers are Complaining About Racism The Economist AUGUST 2016 Clearly Snapchat Doesn’t Get What’s Wrong With Yellowface Wired How Nextdoor reduced racist posts by 75% Fusion SEPTEMBER 2016 Airbnb CEO: Bias and Discrimination Have No Place Here Time And a new and needed discourse is emerging APRIL 2017 Tragic Design by Jonathan Shariat and Cynthia Saucier OCTOBER 2017 Technically Wrong by Sara Wachter-Boettcher JANUARY 2018 Automating Inequality by Virginia Eubanks Kat Holmes new book is forthcoming on inclusive design Source: From last year's Design in Tech Report 2018 Design In Tech Report | Computational Design: AI 64 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 66/90 Inequality We can expect AI to only widen the digital divide It's easy in the technology world to look away from inequality becaus the privileges that come with tech life are pleasurable and self-fulfilling. But designers in tech can easily forget that they're in a tiny minority of the population that doesn't really match their much broader consumer market. So getting out of the tech bubble can be a simple yet powerful way to better connect with "real" people who don't really need what is being created today. Ultimately, it becomes a way to design and make better products for all people. A majority of designers in tech find themselves not working solely on premise. This means that we are entering an era where work can be more evenly distributed outside of hubs like Silicon Valley. Our design imperative at Automattic is to imagine a world where WordPress is good design for all. And we're currently exploring how remote work can achieve a new level of inclusive design. 2018 Design In Tech Report | Inequality & Skills Gap 66 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 67/90 We're seeking a freedom that's being eroded on the Internet We are in the "Internet Two" phase as Steven Johnson called it. Internet One was an open network, open protocols, open systems. Internet Two is closed platforms that increasingly dominate the market and own and control our content and us. We need to get to Internet Three where we take back control of ourselves. It is high time for that to happen. —Fred Wilson FCC votes to remove net neutrality The FCC's net neutrality vote has finally been published in the Federal Register, the government's official record of all administrative actions. The moment is key, because it kicks off the next phase of the fight over the future of the Internet. —Washington Post Source: @swissmiss 2018 Design In Tech Report | Inequality & Skills Gap 67 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 72/90 Congrats! You're in the 5% of the most-skilled computer users. Across 33 rich countries, only 5% of the population has high computer- related abilities, and only a third of people can complete medium- complexity tasks. What does this simple fact tell us? You are not the user, unless you’re designing for an elite audience. —Jakob Nielsen NNG Source: The Distribution of Users’ Computer Skills: Worse Than You Think NNG 2018 Design In Tech Report | Inequality & Skills Gap 72 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 73/90 Is the digital divide related somehow to poverty and inequality? While urban poverty is a unique challenge, rates of poverty have historically been higher in rural than urban areas. In fact, levels of rural poverty were often double those in urban areas throughout the 1950s and 1960s. 1. Poverty is higher in rural areas 2. Most new jobs aren’t in rural areas It’s easy to see why many rural Americans believe the recession never ended: For them, it hasn’t. —PBS American workers in poverty Percent of U.S. householders aged 25-54 that worked at least part of the year in 2015, by poverty threshold. <50% of poverty line 50-99% of poverty line 100-149% of poverty line Nonmetropolitan Metropolitan The Conversation, CC-BY-ND 5.0 10.0 15.0 Source: 2016 March Current Population Survey Public Use Microdata Get the data Job growth in America Since 2008, job growth in metropolitan areas has outpaced that in rural areas. 93% 94% 95% 96% 97% 98% 99% 100% 101% 102% 103% 104% 105% 2008 2010 2012 2014 Metropolitan Rural Employment Index (2008=100%) The Conversation, CC-BY-ND Source: Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 6.0, 2008-2015 ACS. Get the data Source: @TechJobsTour @smithmegan @lepitts 2018 Design In Tech Report | Inequality & Skills Gap 73 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 74/90 Do you need to care at all? No. But you need to feel the imbalance I was a child refugee. I know how it feels to live in a camp, robbed of my humanity. —Ai Weiwei The exiled Chinese conceptual artist Ai Weiwei has here created an ambitious, humane and often shocking cine-essay on the subject of migrants and the 21st century migrant condition. —The Guardian Source: @aiww 2018 Design In Tech Report | Inequality & Skills Gap 74 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 77/90 What's "remote work" and where is it heading today? 2012 Telecommuting, working from home, working remotely: they all essentially mean the same thing (working somewhere other than in an office). And this form of work is growing. —TIME 2018 A growing number of startups are operating without a physical office for some or all of their workforce. It makes hiring people around the world easier, keeping costs down. But it can make employees feel disconnected. —The Information Facebook is never going to work like this. Google is never going to work like this. But whatever replaces them will look more like a distributed company than a centralized one. —Matt Mullenweg Remote work × design tips are available via Automattic Design. Source: @photomatt Quartz The Information Stanford GSB The Cut 2018 Design In Tech Report | Inequality & Skills Gap 77 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 79/90 Automattic Design is working with students in Paintsville, KY I traveled with the TechJobsTour team led by Leanne Pittsford and Megan Smith through Paintsville, Kentucky. In the US there are 500,000 open tech jobs projected to grow to 1 million by 2020. Who gets to have them? Can we change exclusionary patterns? A crowd of several thousand swarmed Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson in April of 1964, when he made a trip to the Appalachian town of Paintsville, Ky. in Johnson County as part of the "war on poverty." —Courier Journal Around 119 million people were at risk of poverty or social exclusion in the EU in 2015, representing more than 23% of the EU population. The majority of Member States inhabitants of rural areas are more at risk of poverty or social exclusion than urban inhabitants. In 2014, 27.2% of the rural population were at risk of poverty and social exclusion compared with 24.3 % of the population living in urban areas. —EU Parliament Source: @suptdgibson 2018 Design In Tech Report | Inequality & Skills Gap 79 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 80/90 Inclusive Design Inclusion = INCLU$ION Changing perception around the idea of "helping those who are less fortunate than ourselves" into "learning how ignorant we are as privileged people" is a useful daily exercise. Using that energy to design and make better products is a certain kind of passion and practice that we'll see more often in technology companies. Because inclusive design is becoming commonsense. Choose action over wondering about what you can do about the world you see and don't agree with. It's easy today due to all the technologies we have available to us. 2018 Design In Tech Report | Inequality & Skills Gap 80 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 82/90 Inclusive design takes center stage after many decades Inclusive design issues in tech are recognized and empathy (plus action) is rising. Pre-1950s Early designs for people with disabilities, from typewriters to telephones to curb cuts, become mass-market solutions that benefit everyone with the rise of industrialization. After World Wars I and II, the increase in wounded veterans drives new demand for accessibility accomodations, led by programs like University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's early work on the American Standards Assocation A117.1 to create architectural accessibility standards in 1961. 1950s-60s Ed Roberts, Berkeley, Independent Living Movement raises visibility of the rights of people with disabilities, leading to important societal change and making Telegraph Avenue one of the first fully wheelchair- accessible streets in the United States. 1970s-80s Barbara Allen, a Washington- based interior designer, publishes one of the first illustrated guides to accessibility criteria, an important early example of how to turn legal criteria into design standards. Patricia Moore goes undercover as an elderly woman to conduct design research in hundreds of cities over the course of three years, laying the groundwork for inclusive design practices. "The Seven Principles of Universal Design" are published by Ron Mace of North Carolina State University. Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is passed, governing accessibility of information technology (IT) in the Federal government. After the rise of the internet, these standards will become some of the most important criteria for regulating accessibility in digital technology. Jutta Treviranus founds the Inclusive Design Research Centre, offering one of the first university degrees in inclusive design. Susan Kare designs the iconographics for the Apple Macintosh and Virginia Howlett brings design to Microsoft Windows. Both open the door to making nerd-centric computing experience into ones that can possibly appeal to non-computer people. 1990s The Americans with Disabilities Act is passed. This civil rights legislation prohibits discrimination and guarantees that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else to participate in the mainstream of American life. DesignAge action research programme of the Royal College of Art begins and evolves into the Helen Hamlyn Centre for Design to undertake design research and projects with industry that will contribute to improving people's lives. European Institute for Design and Disability (EIDD) is created with the mission statement, "Enhancing the quality of life through Design for All." and "Good design enables, bad design disables." Web Accessibility Initiative WAI starts after a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) presentation at the White House. Read Accessibility is Good Business by the W3C. The first version of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines WCAG are published by the World Wide Web Consortium, specifying key criteria for accessible web and digital technology design. Source: 2018 Design In Tech Report | Inclusive Design 82 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 85/90 So recognize exclusion, and take action To start, recognize exclusion Recognize exclusion. — Kat Holmes If you don't believe it, visit Congrats, you have an all male panel! Also check out the 4-hour podcast Automattic Design leader Ashleigh Axios created with Amy Choi (Mashup Americans) Ethan Zuckerman (MIT Media Lab) on Design and Exclusion with Aarron Walter (InVision), Maria Giudice (Autodesk), Paco Viñoly (NextDoor), Aminatou Sow (TechLadymafia), Anne Diaz (Airbnb), Andrew Sinkov (Etsy) And be curious about biased tech Sorry, Alexa Is Not A Feminist —The Atlantic Amazon's Alexa Now Stands Up for Herself If You Use Sexist Language —Glamour Your company's Slack is probably sexist —Quartz How to Fight Sexism on Your Company's Slack —Life Hacker Change your avatar to an URM And you'll want to change it to a cat thereafter once you experience the difference. Enthoven began the experiment by swapping out her photo for an image of her cofounder, Eric Lu. She was surprised to see harassment drop to nearly zero. —Wired Source: @katholmes @wired @theatlantic @glamour @quartz @lifehacker 2018 Design In Tech Report | Inclusive Design 85 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 86/90 Be sure to include others unlike yourself, and bring your friends David Gibson, the superintendent of the Paintsville school district, had this idea that the company I'm at, Automattic, which is all remote, that people could be in Paintsville and get a full-time job without leaving the area. A lightbulb went off, that David's kids could do that, and live where their families have lived for generations, and still have an income and benefits. —Fast Company Very proud to have been invited by @johnmaeda to join a group of great designers for this project fastcodesign.com/90154530/tech-… 11:24 AM - Dec 15, 2017 310 50 people are talking about this Michael Bierut @michaelbierut Tech Has A Diversity Problem–So This Designer Went To Kent… John Maeda, the head of Automattic’s design and inclusion progra… fastcodesign.com 2018 Design In Tech Report | Inclusive DesignSource: @michaelbierut @fastcompany 86 / 90

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Report http://jmmbp001.local:5757/?ckcachecontrol=1520689902#16 87/90 Design inclusively to expands your total addressable market As Hollywood starts to reflect society’s diversity, it’s also making the highest grossing movies of all time. Black Panther Wonder Woman Star Wars The Foreigner The Big Sick There's so many movies from different points of view that are making a ton of money. Don't do it because it's better for society and representation, even though it is. Do it because you'll get rich. You'll get that promotion, right? Kumail Nanjiani at the Oscars 'Black Panther' Should Become Marvel's Latest Billion-Dollar Movie This Weekend —Fortune Source: @upworthy #wakanda @fortunemagazine and consider the Star Trek economy too 2018 Design In Tech Report | Inclusive Design 87 / 90