A vascular cambium cell divides to produce an inner and out daugher cell. Which of the following represents the probale fate of these cells?

A.&nbsp

The inner cell will differentiate into phloem and the other cell will differentiate into cork

B.&nbsp

The inner cell will differentiate into xylem and the other cell will divide again.

C.&nbsp

Both cells continue to divide to produce wood

D.&nbsp

The inner cell will differentiate into phloem and the outer cell will differentiate into xylem

E.&nbsp

Both cells will continue to divide without differentiating into specialized cells

21.

What is phytoremediation?

A.&nbsp

Treatment of soils and groundwater with chemicals to prevent plant death.

B.&nbsp

The sue of native plants to restore habitat for wildlife after disadters such as Hurricane katrina

C.&nbsp

The use of plants to improve the appearnce of devastated areas atfer diasters

D.&nbsp

The use of plants to remove carbon dioxide from the atomosphere

E.&nbsp

The use of platns to clean up polluted soil and groundwater

22.

A seed develps from a(n)

A.&nbsp

Pollen grain

B.&nbsp

Fruit

C.&nbsp

Ovary

D.&nbsp

Sporophyte

E.&nbsp

Ovule

23.

The tallest plant on Earth is

A.&nbsp

A giant seed fern in southern Peru

B.&nbsp

379 ft. redwood tree in California

C.&nbsp

A 500 ft kelp living off the coast of california

D.&nbsp

A 740 ft white oak tree in Illinois

E.&nbsp

A three mile sq sheet of red algae growing along the coastline of Alaska

24.

White is a physical barrier in the root that regulates the flow of water to xylem via cell walls?

A.&nbsp

Phloem

B.&nbsp

Cortex

C.&nbsp

Epidermis

D.&nbsp

Plasmodesmata

E.&nbsp

Casparian strip

25.

The plant growth response to tough is known as

A.&nbsp

Phototropism

B.&nbsp

Bolting

C.&nbsp

Geotropism

D.&nbsp

Gravitropism

E.&nbsp

Thigmotropism

26.

Which of the following hormones might induce seeds treaterd with it to break dormancy?

A.&nbsp

Ethylene

B.&nbsp

A gibberellin

C.&nbsp

Abscisic acid

D.&nbsp

An auxin

E.&nbsp

A cytokinin

27.

What is the difference between the heartwood and sapwood of a tree?

A.&nbsp

Heartwood contains old phloem that no longer functions and sapwood contains functioning phloem

B.&nbsp

Heartwood no longer transports water and minerals, while sapwood still conducts xylem sap

C.&nbsp

Heartwood conatins xylem and sapwood contains phloem

D.&nbsp

Sapwood contains xylem and heartwood contains phloem

E.&nbsp

Sapwood no longer tansports water and minerals, while heartwood still conducts xylem sap.

28.

Which of the following essential macronutrient for plants is obtained directly from the air?

A.&nbsp

Magnesium

B.&nbsp

Hydrogen

C.&nbsp

Manganese

D.&nbsp

Carbon

E.&nbsp

Nitrogen

29.

There is concern over the use of dioxin, a synthetic plant hormone as a weed killer because

A.&nbsp

It weakens the shell of the eggs of predatory birds, resulting in death of their offspring

B.&nbsp

It causes massive fish kills when it gets into lakes and streams

C.&nbsp

It can cause irreversible mutataions in crop plants

D.&nbsp

It can casue birth defects and leukemia in humans

E.&nbsp

It kills jsut as many crop plants as weeds

30.

In a flowering plant , sperm are produced by meiosis in the

A.&nbsp

Anthers

B.&nbsp

Stigma

C.&nbsp

Sepals

D.&nbsp

Petals

E.&nbsp

Ovaries

31.

Plants grow toward light through the action of

A.&nbsp

Solar energy

B.&nbsp

Nerves

C.&nbsp

Hormones

D.&nbsp

Enyzmes

E.&nbsp

Chloroplasts

32.

Removing the terminal bud of a plant that shows apical dominance will cause

A.&nbsp

Increased growth of axillary buds

B.&nbsp

An increase in the size of the leaves

C.&nbsp

Increased grwoth of ther terminal bud

D.&nbsp

An immediate flowering of the plant

E.&nbsp

An increase in the growth of the root systerm

33.

Legumes such as beans or peas

A.&nbsp

Form mycoohizal associations to increase nitrogen fixation in the soil

B.&nbsp

Form parasitic relationships with other photosynthetic plants

C.&nbsp

Fix N2 from the atmosphere in theri leaves

D.&nbsp

Are poor sources of nitrogen because they are unable to fix N2 on their own

E.&nbsp

Form mutualistic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria

34.

The increase in grith associated with production of wood and bark in trees occurs as a consequence of

A.&nbsp

Indeterminate growth

B.&nbsp

Sexual reproduction

C.&nbsp

Secondary growth

D.&nbsp

Primary growth

E.&nbsp

Growth in apical meristems

35.

Generally speaking, fluids in plants are

A.&nbsp

Pushed through both xylem and phloem

B.&nbsp

Actively pumped throughout the plant

C.&nbsp

Pushed throught phloem and pulled through xylem

D.&nbsp

Pushed through xylem and pulled through phloem

E.&nbsp

Pulled through both xylem and phloem

36.

Why might mutualistic relationships between plants and other oganism be expected to evolve

A.&nbsp

Because they benefit both organisms and increase their fitness

B.&nbsp

Because they tend to decrease mutution rate

C.&nbsp

Because they decrease competition in plant populations

D.&nbsp

Because the pltants and organisms have existed for millions of years

E.&nbsp

Because the plants and organisms occupy the same environment

37.

In a showy flower such as a magnolia or rose, the flower parts that ply the main role in attracting the notice of animal pollinators are the

A.&nbsp

Furits

B.&nbsp

Petals

C.&nbsp

Stamens

D.&nbsp

Sepals

E.&nbsp

Stigmas

38.

Which of the following types of plant cells help regulate the movement of carbon dioxide into and out of the leaf

A.&nbsp

Xylem

B.&nbsp

Root hairs

C.&nbsp

Sieve tubes

D.&nbsp

Companion cells

E.&nbsp

Guard cells

39.

Which of the following is a way that plants use animals as a defense against herbivores?

A.&nbsp

Production of an amino acid that harms herbivores

B.&nbsp

Coevolution between plants and predators

C.&nbsp

Production of hormones to induce acquired resistnace to herbivores

D.&nbsp

Release of microb-killing chemicals in response to infection

E.&nbsp

Attraction of wasps that kill herbivorous catepilliars

40.

Which of the following is one adptive advantage for didous plants that lose thier leaves during the winter?

A.&nbsp

It prevents water loss from leaves when soil water is unavilable due to freezing

B.&nbsp

It improves reproductive success in insect-pollinated plants

C.&nbsp

If leaves are damaged by frost, the tree will die

D.&nbsp

A layer of leaves on the ground helpts keep plants roots warm

E.&nbsp

Production of new leaves each spring is more effieicent than supporting old leaves all winter

41.

________ increase the surface area of roots

A.&nbsp

Root hairs

B.&nbsp

Mycorrhizae

C.&nbsp

Plasmodesmata

D.&nbsp

Cell walls and endoplasmic reticulum

E.&nbsp

Root hiars ane mycorrhizae

42.

Legumes are frequently grown in rotation with primary field crops. What is the benefit oin this?

A.&nbsp

A greater amount of the primary crop can be harvested each year

B.&nbsp

Nitrogen is added to the soild by nitrogen fixing bacteria

C.&nbsp

Soil erosing is reduced by frequent plowing

D.&nbsp

Leguems decrease the amount of organic material in the soil

E.&nbsp

Aeration of the soil is decreased

43.

Most trees and shrubs continue to grow year after year. Such plants are known as

A.&nbsp

Perennials

B.&nbsp

Transannuals

C.&nbsp

Annuals

D.&nbsp

Biennials

E.&nbsp

Superannuals

44.

The relationship beween a plant and mycohizal fungi is best described as

A.&nbsp

Parasitic

B.&nbsp

Competitive

C.&nbsp

Neutral

D.&nbsp

Commensal

E.&nbsp

Mutualistic

45.

Monocot floral parts usually occur in multiples of

A.&nbsp

Two

B.&nbsp

Seven

C.&nbsp

Three

D.&nbsp

Four

E.&nbsp

Five

46.

What is the node of a plant stem?

A.&nbsp

The area between the shoots and the roots

B.&nbsp

Small pore where gases are exhanged

C.&nbsp

The point of leaf attachment

D.&nbsp

The point of apical dominance

E.&nbsp

The main photosynthetic organ of the stem

47.

What is the role of the fungus in a mycorrhizal association?

A.&nbsp

Release of water

B.&nbsp

Production of sugars

C.&nbsp

Photosynthesis

D.&nbsp

Secreation of growth factors

E.&nbsp

Absorption of phosphate

48.

Photosynthesis occurs in which type of plant tissue?

A.&nbsp

Epidermal tissue

B.&nbsp

Parenchyma

C.&nbsp

Vascular cambium

D.&nbsp

Collenchyma

E.&nbsp

Sclerenchyma

49.

What sprodcution of axuxinstimulates germination of desert plant seeds after a hard rain?

A.&nbsp

Production of auxins

B.&nbsp

Removal of ethylene

C.&nbsp

Cooler temperatures

D.&nbsp

Removal of abscisic acid

E.&nbsp

Activation of cytokinis

50.

The male organ of a flower is the

A.&nbsp

Stigma

B.&nbsp

Carpel

C.&nbsp

Sepal

D.&nbsp

Stamen

E.&nbsp

Style

51.

Plant must be produced in largehormones

A.&nbsp

Must be produced in large quantities to be effective

B.&nbsp

Are rare and produced only in response to stress

C.&nbsp

Act on all cells they encounter

D.&nbsp

Are chemical signals that influence growth and development

E.&nbsp

Usually work independently of each other

52.

What fionic bondingoOsmosisrce is responsible for the cohesiveness of water?

A.&nbsp

Osmosis

B.&nbsp

Ionic bonding

C.&nbsp

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules

D.&nbsp

Diffusion of ions

E.&nbsp

Negative pressure created by evaporation

53.

A plants first line of defense against infection is

A.&nbsp

Salicylic acid

B.&nbsp

Avr genes

C.&nbsp

Systemic acquired resistance

D.&nbsp

R genes

E.&nbsp

Its epidermis

54.

What are the macronutirents present in most commercial fertilizers?

A.&nbsp

C, H, and N

B.&nbsp

C, N, and P

C.&nbsp

N, P, and K

D.&nbsp

N, C, and K

E.&nbsp

C, H, and O

55.

How does phytochrome control flowering?

A.&nbsp

By determing whether day lenth exceeds a critical miniumn

B.&nbsp

By determing whether day lenth is shorter than a critical maximum

C.&nbsp

By inducing differntiation of cells in the apical meristem

D.&nbsp

By inducing cell division in apcial mersitems

E.&nbsp

By senseing sunrise and sunset

56.

The type of plant vascular tissue specialized to conduct food such as sugars is known as

A.&nbsp

Xylem

B.&nbsp

Collenchyma

C.&nbsp

Parenchyma

D.&nbsp

Phloem

E.&nbsp

Sclerenchyma

57.

Micronutrients fucntion in plants mainly as

A.&nbsp

Food reserves for pollen grains

B.&nbsp

Regulators of membrane transport

C.&nbsp

Joining elements in organic molecules carbon skeletons

D.&nbsp

Cofactors in chemical reactions

E.&nbsp

Components of microtubules

58.

Which of the flollowing cells provide fexible support to the growing parts of platns?

A.&nbsp

Tracheids

B.&nbsp

Sieve-tube members

C.&nbsp

Parenchyma celles

D.&nbsp

Sclerenchyma cells

E.&nbsp

Collenchyma cells

59.

The cheif fucntion of roots haris is to

A.&nbsp

Decrease the anchoring pwoer of roots

B.&nbsp

Provide a home for symbiotic bacteria

C.&nbsp

Provide a direct passage way form the soil to the vascular cylinder

D.&nbsp

Increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals

E.&nbsp

Protect roots from freezing temerpatrues

60.

The proes that facilitat gas exhange in platn leaves are called

A.&nbsp

Cuticles

B.&nbsp

Lenticles

C.&nbsp

Stomata

D.&nbsp

Plasmodesmata

E.&nbsp

Guard cells

61.

Which types of plant hormone gernerally acts as a growth inhibitor?

A.&nbsp

Cytokinins

B.&nbsp

Ethylene

C.&nbsp

Gibberelinns

D.&nbsp

Auxins

E.&nbsp

Abscisic acid

62.

Carnivorousness in platns is primariliy an adaption for

A.&nbsp

Discouraging hervirous insects

B.&nbsp

Providing extra nutrients for mycorrhizal fungi

C.&nbsp

Growing in soil poor in organic material

D.&nbsp

Obtaining supplemtnal carbon for photosynthesis

E.&nbsp

Growing in soil poor in usable nitrogen

63.

Which of the following is a funciton of fruits

A.&nbsp

Attracting pollinators

B.&nbsp

Seed dispersal

C.&nbsp

Protection of ovules

D.&nbsp

Pollen dispersal

E.&nbsp

Prodcution of food for the devleoping embryo

64.

What is the speficif tern that refers to seasonal changes in the realitive lengths of nigth and day?

A.&nbsp

Ciradian rhythm

B.&nbsp

Photoperiod

C.&nbsp

Graviropism

D.&nbsp

Phototaxis

E.&nbsp

Chemotaxis

65.

Mimosa plants spread their leaflets during the day and fold them at night. You decide to design an experiment to test whether mimosa's leaf movements are congrlled by a biological clock. Which of the flowing experiments would test your hypothese

A.&nbsp

Growing the plants indoors and turing the lights on in the middle of the night. If a biological clock is conrolling leaf movement the leaves will open.

B.&nbsp

Put ting the paltnin a dark closet at nightfall. chekcon the plant in the morning at about 10 hours later, while the plant is till in the lcoset. if the leaves are open, a biological clock is indicated.

66.

On a trip to the southwest, you and a friend collect some seeds from a pinon, which is a type of pine tree. Your friend also gathers a small bagful of soild for under the pinon tree. Back home both of you plants your seeds in commerical sterilized poittting soil, but your firend addsa spoonful of collectedd dirt to each of her pots. her seedling do better than yours. which of the floowing is the likeliest reason?

A.&nbsp

The soild from the southest probably contined fungi able to establish a mycorrhizal association with the seedlings roots.