NBRGH/1

Jones/1846a, 428, describes the stone as `forming the eastern post of what was once a gateway into a field' on the eastern side of the road from Newborough to Langaffo.

Williams/1865, 88--89, in a letter dated November 29th 1844, (this last a mistake for 1864), describes the movement of the stone from Frondeg `to the vestry room of Llangaffo church, and there let into a wall'.

Macalister/1949, 129: `built into the E. wall of the vestry, inside face'.

incomplete , poorMacalister/1949, 129: `The surface gives the impression of having been dragged for some distance over the surface of the ground, the sinister side of the inscribed face being worn almost smooth; but this must have taken place before the old drawing published in 1898, which shews the lettering much in its present state'.

Williams/1865, 89, states that the move from Frondeg to Llangaffo did not damage the stone.

RCAHMW/1937, cvi: `the general form may be compared with Llangadwaladr'.

Jackson/1953, 161, argues that this stone `is reminiscent' of that at Llangadwaladr, and that it might `represent a local epigraphic development which had no effect on the rest of Britain'.

Some of the letters are in standard capitalis form, such as the `F' and the `V' in the 1st line. Others are in more decorative forms such as the flat-bottomed `Us', the open-bowed `Rs', or the H-shaped Ns. The Es, T, D, H, and P are half-uncial, the `X' is `wayward' and the A is like that known from Llangadwaladr. The `M' is made of three vertical strokes joined by two strokes sloping downwards from left to right.

Legibility:

goodMacalister/1949, 129: `the letters are worn and are confused by superficial flaws. The surface gives the impression of having been dragged for some distance over the surface of the ground, the sinister side of the inscribed face being worn almost smooth'.

Virnin (Language: Brittonic; Gender: male)
Jackson/1953, 386, sees the initial `U' as a stage from British /u/ to WCB /gw/. He also notes, 188, 620, that the name has lost its final syllable.

Williams/1980, 18, argues that Virnin might be a variant of Guernin and a diminutive of Gwern.

Cuuris Cini (Language: Brittonic; Gender: male)
Williams/1980, 17: `Holder gives us a Celtic Cinius (with Cinia as a feminine); Cintius (and a feminine Cintia). The name [Cynhi] with -h- may derive from the second, and Cini from the first. Whatever the derivation may be, Cini is definitely Welsh, not British or Latin'.

Williams/1980, 17, `The double U can be compared to the VV of the Llangefni stone, ORVVITE … Still more apposite is the Glan Usk, PVVERI. … I suggest that the doubling in Welsh names might have been intended to differentiate the w sound (Latin u) from the sound expressed by u in Welsh … Assuming that CUURIS was pronounced Cwris circa 625, the next step would be for the w in the penult to weaken into the obscure sound of Welsh y. Jackson/1953, 188, `VIRNIN FILIUS CUURIS CINI, where all three names are Primitive Welsh without endings, the last two being M[iddle] W[elsh] Cyrys and Cyny'.