(1) There shall be a President of Pakistan who shall be the Head of State
and shall represent the unity of the Republic.

(2) A person shall not be qualified for election as President unless he
is a Muslim of not less than forty-five years of age and is qualified to be
elected as member of the National Assembly.

(3) The President to be elected after the expiration of the term specified
in clause ( 7) shall be elected in accordance with the provisions of the Second
Schedule by the members of an electoral college consisting of:

(a) the members of both Houses; and

(b) the members of the Provincial Assemblies.

(4) Election to the office of President shall be held not earlier than sixty
days and not later than thirty days before the expiration of the term of the
President in office;

Provided that, if the election cannot be held within the period aforesaid
because the National Assembly is dissolved, it shall be held within thirty
days of the general election to the Assembly.

(5) An election to fill a vacancy in the office of President shall be held
not later than thirty days from the occurrence of the vacancy:

Provided that, if the election cannot be held within the period aforesaid
because the National Assembly is dissolved, it shall be held within thirty
days of the general election to the Assembly.

(6) The validity of the election of the President shall not be called in
question by or before any court or other authority.

(7) The Chief Executive of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan-

(a) shall relinquish the office of Chief Executive on such day as he may
determine in accordance with the judgement of the Supreme Court of Pakistan
of the 12th May, 2000; and

(b) having received the democratic mandate to serve the nation as President
of Pakistan for a period of five years shall, on relinquishing the office
of the Chief Executive, notwithstanding anything contained in this Article
or Article 43 or any other provision of the Constitution or any other law
for the time being in force, assume the office of President of Pakistan
forthwith and shall hold office for a term of five years under the Constitution,
and Article 44 and other provisions of the Constitution shall apply accordingly.

Provided that paragraph (d) of clause (1) of Article 63 shall become operative
on and from the 31st day of December, 2004.

(8) Without prejudice to the provisions of clause (7), any member or members
of a House of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or of a Provincial Assembly, individually
or jointly, may, not later than thirty days from the commencement of the Constitution
(Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003, move a resolution for vote of confidence
for further affirmation of the President in office by majority of the members
present and voting, by division or any other method as prescribed in the rules
made by the Federal Government under clause (9), of the electoral college
consisting of members of both Houses of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and the
Provincial Assemblies, in a special session of each House of Majlis-e-Shoora
(Parliament) and of each Provincial Assembly summoned for the purpose, and
the vote of confidence having been passed, the President, notwithstanding
anything contained in the Constitution or judgment of any court, shall be
deemed to be elected to hold office for a term of five years under the Constitution,
and the same shall not be called in question in any court or forum on any
ground whatsoever.

(9) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution or any other law
for the time being in force, the proceedings for the vote of confidence referred
to in clause (8) shall be regulated and conducted by the Chief Election Commissioner
in accordance with such procedure and the votes shall be counted in such manner
as may be prescribed by the rules framed by the Federal Government:-

Provided that clauses (8) and (9) shall be valid only for the forthcoming
vote of confidence for the current term of the President in office.

42. Oath of President.

Before entering upon office, the President shall make before the Chief Justice
of Pakistan oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule.

43. Conditions of President's office.

(1) The President shall not hold any office of profit in the service of Pakistan
or occupy any other position carrying the right to remuneration for the rendering
of services.

(2) The President shall not be a candidate for election as a member of Majlis-e-Shoora
(Parliament) or a Provincial Assembly; and, if a member of Majlis-e-Shoora
(Parliament) or a Provincial Assembly is elected as President, his seat in
Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or, as the case may be, the Provincial Assembly
shall become vacant on the day he enters upon his office.

44. Term of office of President.

(1) Subject to the Constitution, the President shall hold office for a term
of five years from the day he enters upon his office:

Provided that the President shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his
term, continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office.

(2) Subject to the Constitution, a person holding office as President shall
be eligible for re-election to that office, but no person shall hold that
office for more than two consecutive terms.

(3) The President may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Speaker
of the National Assembly, resign his office.

45. President's power to grant pardon, etc.

The President shall have power to grant pardon, reprieve and respite, and to
remit, suspend or commute any sentence passed by any court, tribunal or other
authority.

46. Duties of Prime Minister in relation to President.

It shall be the duty of the Prime Minister:

(a) to communicate to the President all decisions of the Cabinet relating
to the administration of the affairs of the Federation and proposals for legislation;

(b) to furnish such information relating to the administration of the affairs
of the Federation and proposals for legislation as the President may call
for; and

(c) if the President so requires, to submit for the consideration of the
Cabinet any matter on which a decision has been taken by the Prime Minister
or a Minister but which has not been considered by the Cabinet.

47. Removal or impeachment of President.

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the President
may, in accordance with the provisions of this Article, be removed from office
on the ground of physical or mental incapacity or impeached on a charge of
violating the Constitution or gross misconduct.

(2) Not less than one-half of the total membership of either House may give
to the Speaker of the National Assembly or, as the case may be, the Chairman
written notice of its intention to move a resolution for the removal of, or,
as the case may be, to impeach, the President; and such notice shall set out
the particulars of his incapacity or of the charge against him.]

(3) If a notice under clause (2) is received by the Chairman, he shall transmit
it forthwith to the Speaker.

(4) The Speaker shall, within three days of the receipt of a notice under
clause (2) or clause (3), cause a copy of the notice to be transmitted to
the President.

(5) The Speaker shall summon the two Houses to meet in a joint sitting not
earlier than seven days and not later than fourteen days after the receipt
of the notice by him.

(6) The joint sitting may investigate or cause to be investigated the ground
or the charge upon which the notice is founded.

(7) The President shall have the right to appear and be represented during
the investigation, if any, and before the joint sitting.

(8) If, after consideration of the result of the investigation, if any, a
resolution is passed at the joint sitting by the votes of not less than two-thirds
of the total membership of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) declaring that the
President is unfit to hold the office due to incapacity or is guilty of violating
the Constitution or of gross misconduct, the President shall cease to hold
office immediately on the passing of the resolution.

48. President to act on advice, etc.

(1) In the exercise of his functions, the President shall act in accordance
with the advice of the Cabinet or the Prime Minister.

Provided that the President may require the Cabinet or as the case may be,
the Prime Minister to reconsider such advice, either generally or otherwise,
and the President shall act in accordance with the advice tendered after such
reconsideration.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (1), the President shall
act in his discretion in respect of any matter in respect of which he is empowered
by the Constitution to do so and the validity of anything done by the President
in his discretion shall not be called in question on any ground whatsoever.

(4) The question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered to the
President by the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, a Minister or Minister of State
shall not be inquired into in, or by, any court, tribunal or other authority.

(5) Where the President dissolves the National Assembly, he shall, in his
discretion,:

(a) appoint a date, not later than ninety days from the date of the dissolution,
for the holding of a general election to the Assembly; and

(b) appoint a care-taker Cabinet.

(6) If, at any time, the President, in his discretion, or on the advice of
the Prime Minister, considers that it is desirable that any matter of national
importance should be referred to a referendum, the President may cause the
matter to be referred to a referendum in the form of a question that is capable
of being answered either by "Yes" or "No".

(7) An act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) may lay down the procedure for
the holding of a referendum and the compiling and consolidation of the result
of a referendum.

(1) If the office of President becomes vacant by reason of death, resignation
or removal of the President the Chairman or, if he is unable to perform the
functions of the office of President, the Speaker of the National Assembly
shall act as President until a President is elected in accordance with clause
(3) of Article 41.

(2) When the President, by reason of absence from Pakistan or any other cause,
is unable to perform his functions, the Chairman or, if he too is absent or
unable to perform the functions of the office of President, the Speaker of
the National Assembly shall perform the functions of President until the President
returns to Pakistan or, as the case may be, resumes his functions.

CHAPTER 2 - THE MAJLIS-E-SHOORA (Parliament)

Composition, Duration and Meetings of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)

50. Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)

There shall be a Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) of Pakistan consisting of the
President and two Houses to be known respectively as the National Assembly and
the Senate.

51. National Assembly.

(1) There shall be three hundred and forty-two seats of the members in the
National Assembly, including seats reserved for women and non-Muslims.

(1A) The seats in the National Assembly referred to in clause (1), except
as provided in clause (2A), are allocated to each Province, the Federally
Administered Tribal Areas and the

Federal Capital as under-

General

Women

Total

Balochistan

14

3

17

NWFP

35

8

43

The Punjab

148

35

183

Sind

61

14

75

FATA

12

-

12

Federal Capital

2

-

2

Total

272

60

332

(2) A person shall be entitled to vote if:

(a) he is a citizen of Pakistan;

(b) he is not less than eighteen years of age;

(c) his name appears on the electoral roll; and

(d) he is not declared by a competent court to be of unsound mind.

(2A) In addition to the number of seats referred to in clause (1A), there
shall be, in the National Assembly, ten seats reserved for non-Muslims.

(3) The seats in the National Assembly shall be allocated to each Province,
the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and the Federal Capital on the basis
of population in accordance with the last preceding census officially published.

(4) For the purpose of election to the National Assembly,-

(a) the constituencies for the general seats shall be single member territorial
constituencies and the members to fill such seats shall be elected by direct
and free vote in accordance with law;

(b) each Province shall be a single constituency for all;

(c) the constituency for all seats reserved for non-Muslims shall be the
whole country;

(d) members to the seats reserved for women which are allocated to a Province
under clause (1A) shall be elected in accordance with law through proportional
representation system of political parties' lists of candidates on the basis
of total number of general seats secured by each political party from the
Province concerned in the National Assembly :

Provided that for the purpose of this sub-clause the total number of general
seats won by a political party shall include the independent returned candidate
or candidates who may duly join such political party within three days of
the publication in the official Gazette of the names of the returned candidates.

(e) members to the seats reserved for non-Muslims shall be elected in accordance
with law through proportional representation system of political parties lists
of candidates on the basis of total number of general seats won by each political
party in the National Assembly:

Provided that for the purpose of this sub-clause the total number of general
seats won by a political party shall include the independent returned candidate
or candidates who may duly join such political party within three days of
the publication in the official Gazette of the names of the returned candidates.

52. Duration of National Assembly.

The National Assembly shall, unless sooner dissolved, continue for a term of
five years from the day of its first meeting and shall stand dissolved at the
expiration of its term.

53. Speaker and Deputy Speaker of National Assembly.

(1) After a general election, the National Assembly shall, at its first meeting
and to the exclusion of any other business, elect from amongst its members
a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker and, so often as the office of Speaker or Deputy
Speaker becomes vacant, the Assembly shall elect another member as Speaker
or, as the case may be, Deputy Speaker.

(2) Before entering upon office, a member elected as Speaker or Deputy Speaker
shall make before the National Assembly oath in the form set out in the Third
Schedule.

(3) When the office of Speaker is vacant, or the Speaker is absent or is
unable to perform his functions due to any cause, the Deputy Speaker shall
act as Speaker, and if, at that time, the Deputy Speaker is also absent or
is unable to act as Speaker due to any cause, such member as may be determined
by the rules of procedure of the Assembly shall preside at the meeting of
the Assembly.

(4) The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker shall not preside at a meeting of
the Assembly when a resolution for his removal from office is being considered.

(5) The Speaker may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President,
resign his office.

(6) The Deputy Speaker may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Speaker,
resign his office.

(7) The office of Speaker or Deputy Speaker shall become vacant if:

(a) he resigns his office;

(b) he ceases to be a member of the Assembly;

(c) he is removed from office by a resolution of the Assembly, of which
not less than seven days' notice has been given and which is passed by the
votes of the majority of the total membership of the Assembly.

(8) When the National Assembly is dissolved the Speaker shall continue in
his office till the person elected to fill the office by the next Assembly
enters upon his office.

54. Summoning and prorogation of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament).

(1) The President may, from time to time, summon either House or both Houses
of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) in joint sitting to meet at such time and
place as he thinks fit and may also prorogue the same.

(2) There shall be at least three sessions of the National Assembly every
year, and not more than one hundred and twenty days shall intervene between
the last sitting of the Assembly in one session and the date appointed for
its first sitting in the next session:

Provided that the National Assembly shall meet for not less than one hundred
and thirty working days in each year.

Explanation: In this clause, "working days" includes any day on
which there is a joint sitting and any period, not exceeding two days for
which the National Assembly is adjourned.

(3) On a requisition signed by not less than one-fourth of the total membership
of the National Assembly, the Speaker shall summon the National Assembly to
meet, at such time and place as he thinks fit, within fourteen days of the
receipt of the requisition; and when the Speaker has summoned the Assembly
only he may prorogue it.

55. Voting in Assembly and quorum.

(1) Subject to the Constitution, all decisions Voting in of the National Assembly
shall be taken by majority Assembly a of the members present and voting, but
the person quorum. presiding shall not vote except in the case of equality of
votes.

(2) If at any time during a sitting of the National Assembly the attention
of the person presiding is drawn to the fact that less than one-fourth of the
total membership of the Assembly is present, he shall either adjourn the Assembly
or suspend the meeting until at least one-fourth of such membership is present.

56. Address by President.

(1)The President may address either House or both Houses assembled together
and may for that purpose require the attendance of the members.

(2) The President may send messages to either House, whether with respect
to a Bill then pending in the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or otherwise, and
a House to which any message is so sent shall with all convenient dispatch
consider any matter required by the message to be taken into consideration.

(3) At the commencement of the first session after each general election
to the National Assembly and at the commencement of the first session of each
year the President shall address both Houses assembled together and inform
the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) of the causes of its summons.

(4) Provision shall be made in the rules for regulating the procedure of
a House and the conduct of its business for the allotment of time for discussion
of the matters referred to in the address of the President.

57. Right to speak in Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament).

The Prime Minister, a Federal Minister, a Minister of State and the Attorney
General shall have the right to speak and otherwise take part in the proceedings
of either House, or a joint sitting or any committee thereof, of which he may
be named a member, but shall not by virtue of this Article be entitled to vote.

58. Dissolution of the National Assembly.

(1) The President shall dissolve the National Assembly if so advised by the
Prime Minister; and the National Assembly shall, unless sooner dissolved,
stand dissolved at the expiration of forty-eight hours after the Prime Minister
has so advised.

Explanation:- Reference in this Article to "Prime Minister" shall
not be construed to include reference to a Prime Minister against whom a [47][notice
of a resolution for a vote of no-confidence has been given] in the National
Assembly but has not been voted upon or against whom such a resolution has
been passed or who is continuing in office after his resignation or after
the dissolution of the National Assembly.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (2) of Article 48, the President
may also dissolve the National Assembly in his discretion where, in his opinion,:

(a) a vote of no-confidence having been passed against the Prime Minister,
no other member of the National Assembly is likely to command the confidence
of the majority of the members of the National Assembly in accordance with
the provisions of the Constitution as ascertained in a session of the National
Assembly summoned for the purpose; or

(b) a situation has arisen in which the Government of the Federation cannot
be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and
an appeal to the electorate is necessary.

(3) The President in case of dissolution of the National Assembly under paragraph
(b) of clause (2) shall, within fifteen days of the dissolution, refer the
matter to the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court shall decide the reference
within thirty days whose decision shall be final.

59. The Senate

(1) The Senate shall consist of one-hundred members, of whom,-

(a) fourteen shall be elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly;

(b) eight shall be elected from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas,
in such manner as the President may, by Order, prescribe;

(c) two on general seats, and one woman and one technocrat including aalim
shall be elected from the Federal Capital in such manner as the President
may, by Order, prescribe;

(d) four women shall be elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly;

(e) four technocrats including ulema shall be elected by the members of
each Provincial Assembly.

(2) Election to fill seats in the Senate allocated to each Province shall
be held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means
of the single transferable vote.

(3) The Senate shall not be subject to dissolution but the term of its members,
who shall retire as follows, shall be six years:-

(a) of the members referred to in paragraph (a) of clause (1), seven shall
retire after the expiration of the first three years and seven shall retire
after the expiration of the next three years.

(b) of the members referred to in paragraph (b) of the aforesaid clause,
four shall retire after the expiration of the first three years and four
shall retire after the expiration of the next three years;

(c) of the members referred to in paragraph (c) of the aforesaid clause,-

(i) one elected on general seat shall retire after the expiration of
the first three years and the other one shall retire after the expiration
of the next three years, and

(ii) one elected on the seat reserved for technocrat shall retire after
first three years and the one elected on the seat reserved for woman shall
retire after the expiration of the next three years;

(d) of the members referred to in paragraph (d) of the aforesaid clause,
two shall retire after the expiration of the three years and two shall retire
after the expiration of the next three years; and

(e) of the members referred to in paragraph (e) of the aforesaid clause,
two shall retire after the expiration of the first three years and two shall
retire after the expiration of the next three years:

Provided that the term of office of a person elected to fill a casual
vacancy shall be the unexpired term of the member whose vacancy he has filled.

60. Chairman and Deputy Chairman

(1) After the Senate has been duly constituted, it shall, at its first meeting
and to the exclusion of any other business, elect from amongst its members
a Chairman and a Deputy Chairman and, so often as the office of Chairman or
Deputy Chairman becomes vacant, the Senate shall elect another member as Chairman
or, as the case may be, Deputy Chairman.

(2) The term of office of the Chairman or Deputy Chairman shall be [60][three]
years from the day on which he enters upon his office.

61. Other provisions relating to Senate.

The provisions of clauses (2) to (7) of Article 53, clauses (2) and (3) of
Article 54 and Article 55 shall apply to the Senate as they apply to the National
Assembly and, in their application to the Senate, shall have effect as if references
therein to the National Assembly, Speaker and Deputy Speaker were references,
respectively, to the Senate, Chairman and Deputy Chairman and as if, in the
proviso to the said clause (2) of Article 54, for the words "one hundred
and thirty" the word "ninety" were substituted.

Provisions as to Members of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)

62. Qualifications for membership of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament).

A person shall not be qualified to be elected or chosen as a member of Majlis-e-Shoora
(Parliament) unless :-

(a) he is a citizen of Pakistan;

(b) he is, in the case of the National Assembly, not less than twenty -five
years of age and is enrolled as a voter in any electoral roll in-

(i) any part of Pakistan, for election to a general seat or a seat reserved
for non-Muslims; and

(ii) any area in a Province from which he seeks membership for election
to a seat reserved for women.

(c) he is, in the case of Senate, not less than thirty years of age and is
enrolled as a voter in any area in a Province or, as the case may be, the
Federal Capital or the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, from where he
seeks membership;

(d) he is of good character and is not commonly known as one who violates
Islamic Injunctions;

(e) he has adequate knowledge of Islamic teachings and practises obligatory
duties prescribed by Islam as well as abstains from major sins ;

(f) he is sagacious, righteous and non-profligate and honest and ameen;

(g) he has not been convicted for a crime involving moral turpitude or for
giving false evidence;

(h) he has not, after the establishment of Pakistan, worked against the
integrity of the country or opposed the Ideology of Pakistan

Provided that the disqualifications specified in paragraphs (d) and (e) shall
not apply to a person who is a non-Muslim, but such a person shall have good
moral reputation; and

(i) he possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed by Act of
Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament).

63. Disqualifications for membership of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament).

(1) A person shall be disqualified from being elected or chosen as, and from
being, a member of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), if:-

(a) he is of unsound mind and has been so declared by a competent court;
or

(b) he is an undischarged insolvent; or

(c) he ceases to be a citizen of Pakistan, or acquires the citizenship
of a foreign State; or

(d) he holds an office of profit in the service of Pakistan other than
an office declared by law not to disqualify its holder; or

(e) he is in the service of any statutory body of any body which is owned
or controlled by the Government or in which the Government has a controlling
share or interest; or

(f) being a citizen of Pakistan by virtue of section 14B of the Pakistan
Citizenship Act, 1951 (II of 1951), he is for the time being disqualified
under any law in force in Azad Jammu and Kashmir from being elected as a
member of the Legislative Assembly of Azad Jammu and Kashmir; or

(g) he is propagating any opinion, or acting in any manner, prejudicial
to the Ideology of Pakistan, or the sovereignty, integrity or security of
Pakistan, or morality, or the maintenance of public order, or the integrity
or independence of the judiciary of Pakistan, or which defames or brings
into ridicule the judiciary or the Armed Forces of Pakistan; or

(h) he has been convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction on a charge
of corrupt practice, moral turpitude or misuse of power or authority under
any law for the time being in force; or

(i) he has been dismissed from the service of Pakistan or service of a
corporation or office set up or controlled by the Federal Government, Provincial
Government or a Local Government on the grounds of misconduct or moral turpitude;
or

(j) he has been removed or compulsorily retired from the service of Pakistan
or service of a corporation or office set up or controlled by the Federal
Government, Provincial Government or a Local Government on the grounds of
misconduct or moral turpitude; or

(k) he has been in the service of Pakistan or of any statutory body or
any body which is owned or controlled by the Government or in which the
Government has a controlling share or interest, unless a period of two years
has elapsed since he ceased to be in such service; or

(l) he is found guilty of a corrupt or illegal practice under any law
for the time being in force, unless a period of five years has elapsed from
the date on which that order takes effect; or

(m) he has been convicted under section 7 of the Political Parties Act,
1962 (III of 1962), unless a period of five years has elapsed from the date
of such conviction; or

(n) he, whether by himself or by any person or body of persons in trust
for him or for his benefit or on his account or as a member of a Hindu undivided
family, has any share or interest in a contract, not being a contract between
a cooperative society and Government, for the supply of goods to, or for
the execution of any contract or for the performance of any service undertaken
by, Government:

Provided that the disqualification under this paragraph shall not apply
to a person-

(i) where the share or interest in the contract devolves on him by inheritance
or succession or as a legatee, executor or administrator, until the expiration
of six months after it has so devolved on him;

(ii) where the contract has been entered into by or on behalf of a public
company as defined in the Companies Ordinance, 1984 (XLVII of 1984), of
which he is a share-holder but is not a director holding an office of
profit under the company; or

(iii) where he is a member of a Hindu undivided family and the contract
has been entered into by any other member of that family in the course
of carrying on a separate business in which he has no share or interest;
or

Explanation.- In this Article "goods" does not include agricultural
produce or commodity grown or produced by him or such goods as he is,
under any directive of Government or any law for the time being in force,
under a duty or obligation to supply.

(o) he holds any office of profit in the service of Pakistan other than
the following offices, namely :-

(i) an office which is not whole time office remunerated either by salary
or by fee;

(ii) the office of Lumbardar, whether called by this or any other title;

(iii) the Qaumi Razakars;

(iv) any office the holder whereof, by virtue of such office, is liable
to be called up for military training or military service under any law
providing for the constitution or raising of a Force; or

(p) he has been convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for having absconded
by a competent court under any law for the time being in force; or

(q) he has obtained a loan for an amount of two million rupees or more,
from any bank, financial institution, cooperative society or cooperative
body in his own name or in the name of his spouse or any of his dependents,
which remains unpaid for more than one year from the due date, or has got
such loan written off; or

(r) he or his spouse or any of his dependents has defaulted in payment
of government dues and utility expenses, including telephone, electricity,
gas and water charges in excess of ten thousand rupees, for over six months,
at the time of filing his nomination papers ; or

(s) he is for the time being disqualified from being elected or chosen
as a member of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)or of a Provincial Assembly
under any law for the time being in force.

(2) If any question arises whether a member of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)
has become disqualified from being a member, the Speaker or, as the case may
be, the Chairman shall, within thirty days from raising of such question refer
the question to the Chief Election Commissioner.

(3) Where a question is referred to the Chief Election Commissioner under
clause (2), he shall lay such question before the Election Commission which
shall give its decision thereon not later than three months from its receipt
by he Chief Election Commissioner.

63A. Disqualification on grounds of defection, etc.

(1) If a member of a Parliamentary Party composed of a single political party
in a House-

(a) resigns from membership of his political party or joins another Parliamentary
Party; or

(b) votes or abstains from voting in the House contrary to any direction
issued by the Parliamentary Party to which he belongs, in relations to-

(i) election of the Prime Minister or the Chief Minister; or

(ii) a vote of confidence or a vote of no-confidence; or

(iii) a Money Bill;

he may be declared in writing by the Head of the Parliamentary Party to
have defected from the political party, and the Head of the Parliamentary
Party may forward a copy of the declaration to the Presiding Officer, and
shall similarly forward a copy thereof to the member concerned:

Provided that before making the declaration, the Head of the Parliamentary
Party shall provide such member with an opportunity to show cause as to
why such declaration may not be made against him.

(2) A member of a House shall be deemed to be a member of a Parliamentary
Party if he having been elected as a candidate or nominee of a political party
which constitutes the Parliamentary Party in the House or, having been elected
otherwise than as a candidate or nominee of a political party, has become
a member of such Parliamentary Party after such election by means of a declaration
in writing.

(3) Upon receipt of the declaration under clause (1), the Presiding Officer
of the House shall within two days refer the declaration to the Chief Election
Commissioner who shall lay the declaration before the Election Commission
for its decision thereon confirming the declaration or otherwise within thirty
days of its receipt by the Chief Election Commissioner.

(4) Where the Election Commission confirms the declaration, the member referred
to in clause (1) shall cease to be a member of the House and his seat shall
become vacant.

(5) Any party aggrieved by the decision of the Election Commission may within
thirty days, prefer an appeal to the Supreme Court which shall decide the
matter within three months from the date of the filing of the appeal.

(6) Nothing contained in this Article shall apply to the Chairman or Speaker
of a House.

(7) For the purpose of this Article -

(a) "House" means the National Assembly or the Senate in relation
to the Federation and a Provincial Assembly in relation to the Province,
as the case may be.

(b) "Presiding Officer" means the Speaker of the National Assembly,
the Chairman of the Senate or the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly, as
the case may be.

64. Vacation of seats.

(1) A Member of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) may, by writing under his hand
addressed to the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Chairman resign his seat,
and thereupon his seat shall become vacant.

(2) A House may declare the seat of a member vacant if, without leave of
the House, he remains absent for forty consecutive days of its sittings.

65. Oath of members.

A person elected to a House shall not sit or vote until he has made before
the House oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule.

66. Privileges of members, etc.

(1) Subject to the Constitution and to the rules of procedure of Majlis-e-Shoora
(Parliament), there shall be freedom of speech in Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)
and no member shall be liable to any proceedings in any court in respect of
anything said or any vote given by him in Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), and
no person shall be so liable in respect of the publication by or under the
authority of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) of any report, paper, votes or proceedings.

(2) In other respects, the powers, immunities and privileges of Majlis-e-Shoora,
(Parliament), and the immunities and privileges of the members of Majlis-e-Shoora
(Parliament) , shall be such as may from time to time be defined by law and,
until so defined, shall be such as were, immediately before the commencing
day, enjoyed by the National Assembly of Pakistan and the committees thereof
and its members.

(3) Provision may be made by law for the punishment, by a House, of persons
who refuse to give evidence or produce documents before a committee of the
House when duly required by the chairman of the committee so to do:

Provided that any such law-

(a) may empower a court to punish a person who refuses to give evidence
or produce documents; and

(b) shall have effect subject to such Order for safeguarding confidential
matters from disclosure as may be made by the President.

(4) The provisions of this Article shall apply to person s who have the
right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, [66]
[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] as they apply to members.

(5) In this Article, Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) means either House or
a joint sitting, or a committee thereof.

Procedure Generally

67. Rules of Procedure, etc.

(1) Subject to the Constitution, a House may make [67] rules for regulating
its procedure and the conduct of its business, and shall have power to act
notwithstanding any vacancy in the membership thereof, and any proceedings
in the House shall not be invalid on the ground that some persons who were
not entitled to do so sat, voted or otherwise took part in the proceedings.

(2) Until rules are made under clause (1), the procedure and conduct of
business in a House shall be regulated by the rules of procedure made by the
President.

68. Restriction on discussion in Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament).

No discussion shall take place in Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) with respect
to the conduct of any Judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court in the discharge
of his duties.

69. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament).

(1) The validity of any proceedings in Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) shall
not be called in question on the ground of any irregularity of procedure.

(2) No officer or member of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) in whom powers
are vested by or under the Constitution for regulating procedure or the conduct
of business, or for maintaining order in Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), shall
be subject to the jurisdiction of any court in respect of the exercise by
him of those powers.

(3) In this Article, Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) has the same meaning as
in Article 66.

Legislative Procedure

70. Introduction and passing of Bills.

(1) A Bill with respect to any matter in the Federal Legislative List or
in the Concurrent Legislative List may originate in either House and shall,
if it is passed by the House in which it originated, be transmitted to the
other House; and, if the Bill is passed without amendment, by the other House
also, it shall he presented to the President for assent.

(2) if a Bill transmitted to a House under clause (1) is rejected or is
not passed within ninety days of its receipt or is passed with amendment,
the Bill, at the request of the House in which it originated, shall be referred
to a Mediation Committee constituted under Article 71 for consideration and
resolution thereon.

(3) Where a Bill is referred to the Mediation Committee under clause (2),
the Mediation Committee shall, within ninety days, formulate an agreed Bill
which is likely to be passed by both Houses of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)
and place the agreed Bill separately before each House and if both the Houses
pass the Bill, it shall be presented to the President for assent. President
for assent.

(4) In this Article and the succeeding provisions of the Constitution, "Federal
Legislative List" and "Concurrent Legislative List" mean respectively
the Federal Legislative List and the Concurrent Legislative List in the Fourth
Schedule.

71. Mediation Committee

(1) Both Houses of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) shall, within fifteen days
from the date of referral of the Bill by the House in which it was originated
for consideration and resolution by the Mediation Committee under clause
(2) of Article 70 nominate eight members each as members of a Mediation
Committee.

(2) The House in which the Bill was originated shall nominate a member
of the Mediation Committee as Chairman of the Committee and the other House
shall nominate a member as the Vice-Chairman thereof.

(3) All decisions of the Mediation Committee shall be made by a majority
of the total number of members of each House in the Committee.

(4) The President may, in consultation with the Speaker of the National
Assembly and Chairman of the Senate, make rules for conduct of business
of the Mediation Committee.

72. Procedure at joint sittings.

(1) The President, after consultation with the Speaker of the National Assembly
and the Chairman, may make rules as to the procedure with respect to the joint
sittings of, and communications between, the two Houses.

(2) At a joint sitting, the Speaker of the National Assembly or, in his
absence, such person as may be determined by the rules made under clause (1),
shall preside.

(3) The rules made under clause (1) shall be laid before a joint sitting
and may be added to, varied, amended or replaced at a joint sitting.

(4) Subject to the Constitution, all decisions at a joint sitting shall
be taken by the votes of the majority of the members present and voting.

73. Procedure with respect to Money Bill.

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in Article 70, a Money Bill shall
originate in the National Assembly.

Provided that simultaneously when a Money Bill, including the Finance Bill
containing the Annual Budget Statement, is presented in the National Assembly,
a copy thereof shall be transmitted to the Senate which may, within seven
days, make recommendations thereon to the National Assembly.

(1A) The National Assembly shall, consider the recommendations of the Senate
and after the Bill has been passed by the Assembly with or without incorporating
the recommendations of the Senate, it shall be presented to the President
for assent.

(2) For the purpose of this Chapter, a Bill or amendment shall be deemed
to be a Money Bill if it contains provisions dealing with all or any of the
following matters, namely:-

(a) the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of
any tax;

(b) the borrowing of money, or the giving of any guarantee, by the Federal
government, or the amendment of the law relating to the financial obligations
of that Government;

(c) the custody of the Federal Consolidated Fund, the payment of moneys
into, or the issue of moneys from, that Fund;

(d) the imposition of a charge upon the Federal Consolidated Fund, or
the abolition or alteration of any such charge;

(e) the receipt of moneys on account of the Public Account of the Federation,
the custody or issue of such moneys;

(f) the audit of the accounts of the Federal Government or a Provincial
Government; and

(g) any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in the preceding
paragraphs.

(3) A Bill shall not be deemed to be a Money Bill by reason only that it
provides:-

(a) for the imposition or alteration of any fine or other pecuniary penalty,
or for the demand or payment of a licence fee or a fee or charge for any
service rendered; or

(b) for the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation
of any tax by any local authority or body for local purposes.

(4) If any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision
of the Speaker of the National Assembly thereon shall be final.

(5) Every Money Bill presented to the President for assent shall bear a
certificate under the hand of the Speaker of the National Assembly that it
is a Money Bill, and such certificate shall be conclusive for all purposes
and shall not be called in question.

74. Federal Government's consent required for financial measures.

A Money Bill or a Bill or amendment which if enacted and brought into operation
would involve expenditure from the Federal Consolidated Fund or withdrawal from
the Public Account of the Federation or affect the coinage or currency of Pakistan
or the constitution or functions of the State Bank of Pakistan shall not be
introduced or moved in [72][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] except by or with
the consent of the Federal Government.

75. President's assent to Bills.

(1) When a Bill is presented to the President for assent, the President shall,
within thirty days,-

(a) assent to the Bill; or

(b) in the case of a Bill other than a Money Bill, return the Bill to
the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) with a message requesting that the Bill,
or any specified provision thereof, be reconsidered and that any amendment
specified in the message be considered.

(2) When the President has returned a Bill to the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament),
it shall be reconsidered by the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and, if it is
again passed, with or without amendment, by the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament),
in accordance with Article 70 it shall be deemed for the purposes of the Constitution
to have been passed by both Houses and shall be presented to the President
and the President shall not withhold assent therefrom].

(3) When the President has assented to a Bill, it shall become law and be
called an Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament).

(4) No act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), and no provision in any such
Act, shall be invalid by reason only that some recommendation, previous sanction
or consent required by the Constitution was not given if that Act was assented
to in accordance with the Constitution.

76. Bill not to lapse on prorogation, etc.

(1) A Bill pending in either House shall not lapse by reason of the prorogation
of the House.

(2) A Bill pending in the Senate which has not been passed by the National
Assembly shall not lapse on the dissolution of the National Assembly.

(3) A Bill pending in the National Assembly, or a Bill which having been
passed by the National Assembly is pending in the Senate, shall lapse on the
dissolution of the National Assembly.

77. Tax to be levied by law only.

No tax shall be levied for the purposes of the Federation except by or under
the authority of Act of [75] [Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)].

Financial Procedures

78. Federal Consolidated Fund and Public Account.

(1) All revenues received by the Federal Government, all loans raised by
that Government and all moneys received by it in repayment of any loan, shall
form part of a consolidated fund, to be known as the Federal Consolidated
Fund.

(2) All other moneys-

(a) received by or on behalf of the Federal Government; or

(b) received by or deposited with the Supreme Court or any other court
established under the authority of the Federation;

shall be credited to the Public Account of the Federation.

79. Custody, etc., of Federal Consolidated Fund and Public Account.

The custody of the Federal Consolidated Fund, the payment Or moneys into that
Fund, the withdrawal of moneys therefrom, the custody of other moneys received
by or on behalf of the Federal Government, their payment into, and withdrawal
from, the Public Account of the Federation, and all matters connected with or
ancillary to the matters aforesaid shall be regulated by Act of Majlis-e-Shoora
(Parliament) or, until provision in that behalf is so made, by rules made by
the President.

80. Annual Budget Statement.

(1) The Federal Government shall, in respect of every financial year, cause
to be laid before the National Assembly a statement of the estimated receipts
and expenditure of the Federal Government for that year, in this Part referred
to as the Annual Budget Statement.

(2) The Annual Budget Statement shall show separately-

(a) the sums required to meet expenditure described by the Constitution
as expenditure charged upon the Federal Consolidated Fund; and

(b) the sums required to meet other expenditure proposed to be made from
the Federal Consolidated Fund; and shall distinguish expenditure on revenue
account from other expenditure.

81. Expenditure charged upon Federal Consolidated Fund.

The following expenditure shall be expenditure charged upon the Federal Consolidated
Fund:-

(a) the remuneration payable to the President and other expenditure relating
to his office, and the remuneration payable to-

(i) the Judges of the Supreme Court;

(ii) the Chief Election Commissioner;

(iii) the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman;

(iv) the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly;

(v) the Auditor-General;

(b) the administrative expenses, including the remuneration payable to officers
and servants of the Supreme Court, the department of the Auditor-General and
the Office of the Chief Election Commissioner and of the Election Commission
and the Secretariats of the Senate and the National Assembly;

(c) all debt charges for which the Federal Government is liable, including
interest, sinking fund charges, the repayment or amortisation of capital,
and other expenditure in connection with the raising of loans, and the service
and redemption of debt on the security of the Federal Consolidated Fund;

(d) any sums required to satisfy any judgment, decree or award against Pakistan
by any court or tribunal; and

(e) any other sums declared by the Constitution or by Act of [76] [Majlis-e-Shoora
(Parliament)] to be so charged.

82. Procedure relating to Annual Budget Statement.

(1) So much of the Annual Budget Statement as relates to expenditure charged
upon the Federal Consolidated Fund may be discussed in, but shall not be submitted
to the vote of, the National Assembly.

(2) So much of the Annual Budget Statement as relates to other expenditure
shall be submitted to the National Assembly in the form of demands for grants,
and the Assembly shall have power to assent to, or to refuse to assent to,
any demand, or to assent to any demand subject to a reduction of the amount
specified therein;

Provided that, for a period of ten years from the commencing day or the
holding of the second general election to the National Assembly, whichever
occurs later, a demand shall be deemed to have been assented to without any
reduction of the amount specified therein, unless, by the votes of a majority
of the total membership of the Assembly, it is refused or assented to subject
to a reduction of the amount specified therein.

(3) No demand for a grant shall be made except on the recommendation of
the Federal Government.

83. Authentication of schedule of authorised expenditure.

(1) The Prime Minister shall authenticate by his signature a schedule specifying-

(a) the grants made or deemed to have been made by the National Assembly
under Article 82, and

(b) the several sums required to meet the expenditure charged upon the
Federal Consolidated Fund but not exceeding, in the case of any sum, the
sum shown in the statement previously laid before the National Assembly.

(2) The schedule so authenticated shall be laid before the National Assembly,
but shall not be open to discussion or vote thereon.

(3) Subject to the Constitution, no expenditure from the Federal Consolidated
Fund shall be deemed to be duly authorised unless it is specified in the schedule
so authenticated and such schedule is laid before the National Assembly as
required by clause (2).

84. Supplementary and excess grants.

If in respect of any financial year it is found-

(a) that the amount authorized to be expended for a particular service for
the current financial year is insufficient, or that a need has arisen for
expenditure upon some new service not included in the Annual Budget Statement
for that year; or

(b) that any money has been spent on any service during a financial year
in excess of the amount granted for that service for that year;

the Federal Government shall have power to authorize expenditure from the
Federal Consolidated Fund, whether the expenditure is charged by the Constitution
upon that Fund or not, and shall cause to be laid before the National Assembly
a Supplementary Budget Statement or, as the case may be, an Excess Budget Statement,
setting out the amount of that expenditure, and the provisions of Articles 80
to 83 shall apply to those statements as they apply to the Annual Budget Statement.

85. Votes on account.

Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions relating to
financial matters, the National Assembly shall have power to make any grant
in advance in respect of the estimated expenditure for a part of any financial
year, not exceeding four months, pending completion of the procedure prescribed
in Article 82 for the voting of such grant and the authentication of the schedule
of authorized expenditure in accordance with the provisions of Article 83 in
relation to the expenditure.

86. Power to authorise expenditure when Assembly stands dissolved.

Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions relating to
financial matters, at any time when the National Assembly stands dissolved,
the Federal Government may authorize expenditure from the Federal Consolidated
Fund in respect of the estimated expenditure for a period not exceeding four
months in any financial year, pending completion of the procedure prescribed
in Article 82 for the voting of grants and the authentication of the schedule
of authorized expenditure in accordance with the provisions of Article 83 in
relation to the expenditure.

87. Secretariats of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament).

(1) Each House shall have a separate Secretariat

Provided that nothing in this clause shall be construed as preventing the
creation of posts common to both Houses.

(2) Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) may by law regulate the recruitment and
the conditions of service of persons appointed to the Secretarial staff of
either House.

(3) Until provision is made by Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) under clause
(2), the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Chairman may, with the approval
of the President, make rules regulating the recruitment and the conditions
of service, of persons appointed to the secretarial staff of the National
Assembly or the Senate.

88. Finance Committees.

(1) The expenditure of the National Assembly and the Senate within authorised
appropriations shall be controlled by the National Assembly or, as the case
may be, the Senate acting on the advice of its Finance Committee.

(2) The Finance Committee shall consist of the Speaker or, as the case may
be, the Chairman, the Minister of Finance and such other members as may be
elected thereto by the National Assembly or, as the case may be, the Senate.

(3) The Finance Committee may make rules for regulating its procedure.

Ordinances

89. Power of President to promulgate Ordinances.

(1) The President may, except when the National Assembly is in session, if
satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary to take immediate
action, make and promulgate an Ordinance- as the circumstances may require.

(2) An Ordinance promulgated under this Article shall have the same force
and effect as an Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and shall be subject
to like restrictions as the power of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) to make
law, but every such Ordinance-

(a) shall be laid-

(i) before the National Assembly if it contains provisions dealing with
all or any of the matters specified in clause (2) of Article 73, and shall
stand repealed at the expiration of four months from its promulgation
or, if before the expiration of that period -a resolution disapproving
it is passed by the Assembly, upon the passing of that resolution;

(ii) before both Houses if it does not contain provisions dealing with
any of the matters referred to in sub-paragraph (i), and shall stand repealed
at the expiration of four months from its promulgation or, if before the
expiration of that period a resolution disapproving it is passed by either
House, upon the passing of that resolution; and

(b) may be withdrawn at any time by the President.

(3) Without prejudice to the provisions of clause (2) an Ordinance laid
before the National Assembly, shall be deemed to be a Bill introduced in the
National Assembly.

CHAPTER 3 - THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

90. Exercise of executive authority of the Federation.

(1) The executive authority of the Federation shall vest in the President
and shall be exercised by him, either directly or through officers subordinate
to him, in accordance with the Constitution.

(2) Nothing contained in clause (1) shall :-

(a) be deemed to transfer to the President any functions conferred by
any existing law on the Government of any Province or other authority; or

(b) prevent the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) from conferring by law functions
on authorities other than the President

91. The Cabinet.

(1) There shall be a Cabinet of Ministers, with the Prime Minister at its
head, to aid and advise the President in the exercise of his functions.

(2) The President shall in his discretion appoint from amongst the members
of the National Assembly a Prime Minister who, in his opinion, is most likely
to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the National Assembly.

(2A) Notwithstanding any-thing contained in clause (2), after the twentieth
day of March, one thousand nine hundred and ninety, the President shall invite
the member of the National Assembly to be the Prime Minister who commands
the confidence of the majority of the members of the National Assembly, as
ascertained in a session of the Assembly summoned for the purpose in accordance
with the provisions of the Constitution.

(3) The person appointed under clause (2) or as the case may be, invited
under clause (2A) shall, before entering upon the office, make before the
President oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule and shall within
a period of sixty days thereof obtain a vote of confidence from the National
Assembly.

(4) The Cabinet, together with the Ministers of State, shall be collectively
responsible to the National Assembly.

(5) The Prime Minister shall hold office during the pleasure of the President,
but the President shall not exercise his powers under this clause unless he
is satisfied that the Prime Minister does not command the confidence of the
majority of the members of the National Assembly, in which case he shall summon
the National Assembly and require the Prime Minister to obtain a vote of confidence
from the Assembly.

(6) The Prime Minister may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President,
resign his office.

(7) A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a member
of the National Assembly shall, at the expiration of that period, cease to
be a Minister and shall not before the dissolution of that Assembly be again
appointed a Minister unless he is elected a member of that Assembly:

Provided that nothing contained in this clause shall apply to a Minister
who is a member of the Senate.

(8) Nothing contained in this Article shall be construed as disqualifying
the Prime Minister or any other Minister or a Minister of State for continuing
in office during any period during which the National Assembly stands dissolved,
or as preventing the appointment of any person as Prime Minister or other
Minister or as Minister of State during any such period.

92. Federal Ministers and Ministers of State.

(1) Subject to clauses (7) and (8) of Article 91, the President shall appoint
Federal Ministers and Ministers of State from amongst the members of Majlis-e-Shoora
(Parliament) on the advice of the Prime Minister:

Provided that the number of Federal Ministers an d Ministers of State who
are members of the Senate shall not at any time exceed one-fourth of the number
of Federal Ministers.

(2) Before entering upon office, a Federal Minister or Minister of State
shall make before the President oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule.

(3) A Federal Minister or Minister of State may, by writing under his hand
addressed to the President, resign his office or may be removed from office
by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.

93. Advisers.

(1) The President may, on the advice of the Prime Minister, appoint not more
than five Advisers, on such terms and conditions as he may determine.

(2) The provisions of Article 57 shall also apply to an Adviser.

94. Prime Minister continuing in office.

The President may ask the Prime Minister to continue to hold office until his
successor enters upon the office of Prime Minister.

95. Vote of no-confidence against Prime Minister.

(1) A resolution for a vote of no-confidence moved by not less than twenty
per centum of the total membership of the National Assembly may be passed
against the Prime Minister by the National Assembly.

(2) A resolution referred to in clause (1) shall not be voted upon before
the expiration of three days, or later than seven days, from the day on which
such resolution is moved in the National Assembly.

(3) A resolution referred to in clause (1) shall not be moved in the National
Assembly while the National Assembly is considering demands for grants submitted
to it in the Annual Budget Statement.

(4) If the resolution referred to in clause (1) is passed by a majority
of the total membership of the National Assembly, the Prime Minister shall
cease to hold offce.

96.
96A.

97. Extent of executive authority of Federation.

Subject to the Constitution, the executive authority of the Federation shall
extend to the matters with respect to which Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) has
power to make laws, including exercise of rights, authority and jurisdiction
in and in relation to areas outside Pakistan:

Provided that the said authority shall not, save as expressly provided in
the Constitution or in any law made by Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), extend
in any Province to a matter with respect to which the Provincial Assembly has
also power to make laws.

98. Conferring of functions on subordinate authorities.

On the recommendation of the Federal Government, Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)
may by law confer functions upon officers or authorities subordinate to the
Federal Government.

99. Conduct of business of Federal Government.

(1) All executive actions of the Federal Government shall be expressed to
be taken in the name of the President.

(2) The President shall by rules specify the manner in which orders and
other instruments made and executed in his name shall be authenticated, and
the validity of any order or instrument so authenticated shall not be questioned
in any court on the ground that it was not made or executed by the President.

(3) The President shall also make rules for the allocation and transaction
of the business of the Federal Government.

100. Attorney-General for Pakistan.

(1) The President shall appoint a person, being a person qualified to be
appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court, to be the Attorney-General for Pakistan.

(2) The Attorney-General shall hold office during the pleasure of the President.

(3) It shall be the duty of the Attorney-General to give advice to the Federal
Government upon such legal matters, and to perform such other duties of a
legal character as may be referred or assigned to him by the Federal Government,
and in the performance of his duties he shall have the right of audience in
all courts and tribunals in Pakistan.

(4) The Attorney-General may, by writing under his hand addressed to the
President, resign his office.