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When GST or goods or services tax rolls out on July 1, it will be the biggest tax reform since Independence. GST will subsume a large number of central and state taxes into a single tax, paving the way for a common national market. From free flow of goods and services to elimination of cascading of taxes, the potential benefits to Indian economy are many. It is estimated that GST could raise GDP or gross domestic product growth by 1.5-2 per cent in the long term.
Here is a 10-point cheat-sheet:

GST is a destination-based tax, as against the present principle of origin based taxation. The new tax regime follows a multi-stage collection mechanism wherein tax is collected at every stage and the credit of tax paid (input tax credit) at the previous stage is available as a set-off at the next stage of transaction. This helps to eliminate “tax on tax” or the cascading impact of tax. GST shifts the tax incidence near to the consumer and benefits the industry through better cash flows and better working capital management. From consumer point of view, GST helps to bring down overall tax.
Input tax credit: This means that at the time of paying tax on output manufacturers or service providers, for example, can reduce the tax by the amount they have already paid on inputs. For example, a manufacturer’s total tax on output comes to Rs. 5,000 while tax paid on input (purchases) is Rs. 3,000. In this case, the manufacturer needs to deposit only Rs. 2,000 (Rs. 5,000 – Rs. 3,000) as tax, thus reducing the overall incidence of tax on final product. But credit available to the recipient (the manufacturer in this case) only if invoice is matched. So GST helps in checking evasion of taxes.
GST rates: GST rates on goods and services have been broadly classified into four tax rates: 5 per cent, 12 per cent, 18 per cent and 28 per cent. Some goods and services would be exempt. Precious metals like gold will attract a separate tax rate of 3 per cent. A cess will be levied over the peak rate of 28 per cent on specified luxury and sin goods. Under GST, businesses are required to file returns each month. But the government has let companies file late returns for the first two months so that they can adapt to a new online filing system.
CGST, SGST, IGST: The GST to be levied by the Centre would be called Central GST (CGST) and that to be levied by the States (including Union territories with legislature) would be called State GST (SGST). An Integrated GST (IGST) would be levied on inter-State supply (including stock transfers) of goods or services. This would be collected by the Centre. Import of goods would be treated as inter-State supplies and would be subject to IGST in addition to the applicable customs duties. Exports will be treated as zero-rated supplies which means no tax will be payable on exports of goods or services. However, exporters can claim input tax credit.
Who is liable to pay GST? Businesses with an annual turnover of Rs. 20 lakh (Rs. 10 lakh for special category states) would be exempt from GST. A composition scheme (to pay tax at a flat rate without input credits) is available to manufacturers and service providers having an annual turnover of up to Rs. 75 lakh. The composition scheme is optional.
Stocks in transition: On stocks unsold before GST rollout, manufacturers and retailers have been allowed to carry forward input tax credit for 90 days. On such goods they can claim as much as 60 per cent of the input tax credit on stocks lying unsold up to June 30.
Anti-profiteering mechanism: An authority will be set up to see that any reduction in rate of tax of any supply of goods or services for the benefit of input tax credit will be passed on the recipient by commensurate reduction in prices. Anti-profiteering clause in GST is a deterrent which is not intended to be used unless forced to, says Finance Minister.
Decision mechanism: GST Council will make recommendations on everything related to GST including laws, rules and rates etc. Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley heads the panel while ministers of finance or taxation of each state are its members. Decisions in the Council are taken by a 75 per cent majority. Centre and a minimum of 20 states are required for majority because Centre would have one-third weightage of the total votes cast and all the States taken together would have two-thirds of weightage.
Not part of GST: Petroleum products such as petrol, diesel and aviation turbine fuel have been kept out of GST as of now. The GST Council will take a decision on it at a later date. Alcohol has also been kept out of GST.
Administrative control: To ensure single interface, all administrative control of 90 per cent of taxpayers having turnover below Rs. 1.5 crore would vest with state tax administration while 10 per cent with the central tax administration. Further, all administrative control over taxpayers having turnover above Rs. 1.5 crore will be divided equally between central and state tax administrations. States will be compensated for any revenue loss from GST implementation for five years.

In 2012, the nation was shaken up by the news of a dastardly gangrape of a 23-year-old in a moving bus in the national capital. Late on a Sunday night on December 16, 2012, the victim along with her male companion were returning from a screening of the film Life of Pi in Saket. Both of them were waiting to hail an auto rickshaw for a ride back home at around 9.30 pm. Around this time, an off-duty charter bus driven by people not driving for commercial reasons passed them and offered to give them a ride to Dwarka from Munirka. Soon, the victim’s companion noticed the route taken by the driver was different than normal and the doors of the bus had been tightly shut.

When he objected to it, the bus occupants raised fingers at the boy and the girl saying why were they out at night so late. At this point, a scuffle ensued between the victim and her companion and the other occupants of the bus, which ultimately resulted in a bloody fight and the gang rape. The two victims were thrown out of the bus in half clothed and bloodied state. A passerby found them at 11 pm and rushed them to Safdurjang hospital where they were given immediate treatment. The victim remained in a critical condition until her death on December 29, in Singapore where she had been taken for further treatment. Her companion survived after being treated for a few broken ribs.

One of the accused, Ram Singh hanged himself in prison, while another person, who was a juvenile at the time of the crime, was convicted in August last year and will serve the maximum sentence of three years in a reform home.

The matter is been heard by the apex court bench headed by Justice Dipak Misra and consisting of Justices R Banumathi and Ashok Bhushan.

The convicts – Akshay, Pawan, Vinay Sharma and Mukesh – challenged the Delhi High Court order which had sentenced them to the gallows.Earlier, the trial court also had sentenced all the four convicts to death penalty.

Who is the best replacement for M.S. Dhoni as wicket keeper in test cricket and why? by Amit Kumar

Answer by Amit Kumar:

Well this a very interesting question in the cricket loving nation.

There are several candidates who are front runners in the race but in Test Cricket we need a player who should have patience ,courage and lots of determination .

So one needs to have a sufficient experience , some of them whom i see for next 2–3 years are :-

Parthiv Patel – He got inducted in test team very early , he started cricket career before Dhoni did , recent consistent success in Ranji trophy and in IPL makes him top contender for this post.He can resolve opening woos for Team India .

Dinesh Karthik – Another Biggie having vast experience in domestic circle and being a middle order batsman makes him a better choice in Test.

Riddhiman Saha – Already he’s playing and performing well , so we can think of him for next 2–3 years playing for India.But his real test will be on Foreign soil which needs to tested yet.

Test matches are rarely played now a days i.e 5–6 tests per year (if we ignore last year 2016–2017 session, when India played 13 tests, which has been one of the rarest season).

After 2–3 years I have a feeling that 2 current Indian batsman who played in U-19 world cup 2016 can be among the best choice to replace MSD in test cricket.

Ishan Kishan – Having such a wonderful U-19 world cup , top scorer from Jharkhand in Ranji after Ishank Jaggi , which led his team to qualify first time in Semifinal of Ranji Trophy . He has shown his excellent captaincy skills at U-19 and he’s cool like MSD .Presently he is blasting runs for Gujarat Lions. He is still 18 years old. He can open the inning as well as he can play in middle order as per team’s requirement.

Risabh Pant – He is among every one’s mind . He has impressed a lot . He’s a fearless cricketer. He has got all his praises from Cricket Gods like – Sachin ,Saurav, Sehwag etc. He has potential to hit any ball just like Dhoni . He has surely impressed with his batting skills and by his determination .He’s inning of 97 runs against Gujarat Lions has been termed as one of the finest and fearless inning of IPL .

It seems Indian wicket keeping for next coming 10 years seems to be in safe hands and competitive. However MS Dhoni is a legend and legends can never be replaced.

I wish all future cricketers best of luck who are going to Donn Dhoni’s gloves.

Swachh Survekshan Rankings 2017 is out . It was announced by Union Urban Development Minister Shri Venkaiah Naidu .Around 37 lakh citizens submitted their responses. The survey was conducted by the Quality Council of India.Last year’s survey ranked 73 cities across the country in which 1 lakh citizens had given their feedback.The cleanliness survey was carried out during January and February.

The rankings are based on the data provided by municipal corporations, independent assessors and feedback from people. In all, 3.7 million citizens participated in the exercise.India’s most populous state Uttar Pradesh is also the dirtiest. Fifty of the 62 of its cities that were surveyed ranked below 300.

Why?
The incidence of fake Indian currency notes in higher denomination has increased. For ordinary persons, the fake notes look similar to genuine notes, even though no security feature has been copied. The fake notes are used for anti national and illegal activities. High denomination notes have been misused by terrorists and for hoarding black money. India remains a cash based economy hence the circulation of fake Indian currency notes continues to be a menace. In order to contain the rising incidence of fake notes and black money, the scheme to withdraw has been introduced.

What is this scheme?
The legal tender character of the notes in denominations of ₹ 500 and ₹ 1000 stands withdrawn. The withdrawn old high denomination (OHD) notes cannot be used for transacting business and/or as a store of value. The OHD notes can be exchanged for value at any of the 19 offices of the Reserve Bank of India or at any of the bank branches or at any head post office or sub-post office.

How much value will I get?
You will get the entire value for the volume of notes tendered at the bank branches/RBI offices.

Can I get all in cash?
No. You will get upto ₹4000 per person in cash irrespective of the size of tender and anything over and above that will be receivable by way of credit to your bank account.

Why can’t I get the entire amount in cash when I have surrendered everything in cash?
The scheme does not provide for it, given its objectives.

Rs 4,000 cash is insufficient for my needs. What do I do?
You can use the balance in your bank accounts to pay for other requirements by cheque or through electronic means of payment such as internet banking, mobile wallets, IMPS, credit/debit cards etc.

What if I don’t have a bank account?
You can always open a bank account by approaching a bank branch with necessary documents required for fulfilling the KYC requirements.What if I have only a Jan Dhan Yojna account?

A JDY account holder can avail the exchange facility subject to the caps and other laid down limits in accordance with norms and procedures.

Where can I go to exchange the notes?

The exchange facility is available at all issue offices of the RBI and commercial banks/RRBS/UCBs/State Co-op banks or at any head post office or sub-post office.

Do I need to go to my bank branch only?

For exchange up to Rs 4000 in cash you may go to any bank branch with valid identity proof. For exchange over 4000, which will be credited to the bank account, you have to go to the branch where you have an account or to any branch of the same bank.

In case you want to go to a branch of any other bank where you are not maintaining an account, you will have to furnish valid identity proof and bank account details required for electronic fund transfer to your account.

I have no account but my relative/friend has an account, can I get my notes exchanged into that account?

Yes, you can do that if the relative/friend gives you permission in writing. While exchanging you should provide to the bank evidence of permission given by the account holder and your valid identity proof.

Should I go to the bank personally or can I send the notes through my representative?
Personal visit to the branch is preferable. In case it is not possible you may send your representative with written authorization. The representative should produce an authority letter and his/her valid identity proof while tendering the notes.

Can I withdraw from ATM?

It may take a while for the banks to recalibrate their ATMs. Once the ATMs are functional, you can withdraw from ATMs upto a maximum of ₹2,000/- per card per day upto 18th November, 2016. The limit will be raised to ₹4000/- per day per card from 19th November 2016 onwards.

Can I withdraw cash against cheque?

Yes, you can withdraw cash against withdrawal slip or cheque subject to a ceiling of ₹10,000/- in a day within an overall limit of ₹20,000/- in a week (including withdrawals from ATMs) for the first fortnight i.e. upto 24th November 2016.

Can I deposit withdrawn notes through ATMs, cash deposit machine or cash recycler?

Can I make use of electronic (NEFT/RTGS /IMPS/Internet Banking/Mobile banking) mode?

You can use NEFT/RTGS/IMPS/Internet Banking/Mobile Banking or any other electronic/non-cash mode of payment.

How much time do I have to exchange the notes?

The scheme closes on 30th December 2016. The demonetized banknotes can be exchanged at commercial bank branches, regional rural banks, urban cooperative banks, state cooperative banks and RBI till 30th December 2016.

For those who are unable to exchange their Old High Denomination Banknotes on or before December 30, 2016, an opportunity will be given to them to do so at specified offices of the RBI, along with necessary documentation as may be specified by the Reserve Bank of India.

I am right now not in India, what should I do?
If you have the demonetized banknotes in India, you may authorize in writing enabling another person in India to deposit the notes into your bank account. The person so authorized has to come to the bank branch with the demonetized banknotes, the authority letter given by you and a valid identity proof

I am an NRI and hold NRO account, can the exchange value be deposited in my account?
Yes, you can deposit the demonetized banknotes to your NRO account.

I am a foreign tourist, who has demonetized notes. What should I do?
You can purchase foreign exchange equivalent to ₹5000 using the demonetized notes at airport exchange counters within 72 hours after the notification, provided you present proof of purchasing the demonetized notes.

I have emergency needs (hospitalisation, travel, life saving medicines) that require cash, what should I do?
You can use the demonetized notes for payment at government hospitals, purchasing bus tickets at government bus stands for travel by state government buses, train tickets at railway stations, and air tickets at airports within 72 hours after the notification.

What is proof of identity?
Any of the following is valid: Aadhaar Card, Driving License, Voter ID Card, Pass Port, NREGA Card, PAN Card, Identity Card Issued by government departments or Public Sector Units to its Staff.

Where can I get more information on this scheme?
Further information is available on http://www.rbi.org.in and GoI website (www.rbi.org.in) or call the control room of RBI on Telephone Numbers 022-22602201 and 022-22602944