Constipation

Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania
Last Modified: March 20, 2009

What is constipation?

Constipation is a decrease in the number of daily bowel movements and/or the difficult passage of hard stool. It may cause discomfort or bleeding from the rectum. This may be caused by decreased fluid and/or food intake, decreased activity, some medications, cancer treatments (chemotherapy), and/or cancers of the digestive system.

The signs and symptoms of constipation include:

Small, hard bowel movements

No regular bowel movement in 3 days

Leaking small amounts of soft or liquid stool from the rectum

Frequent and/or persistent stomachaches or cramps

Passing large amounts of gas or frequent belching

Blown-up or enlarged belly

Nausea and/or vomiting

When should I call the doctor or nurse?

Call your doctor if you have any of the following:

No bowel movement in 3 days

Blood in the stool or on toilet tissue

Rectal pain

No bowel movement within 1 day of taking a laxative prescribed by the doctor

How is Constipation Treated?

Treatment of constipation will depend on its cause. Your doctor or nurse may recommend a bowel regimen. Do not take any medications unless instructed by your doctor or nurse. If you have any questions about constipation or need additional information, ask your doctor or nurse.