Presentation Transcript

Water Water Everywhere?:

Overview:

Overview Current Higher Level Water Resource Situation
Large Scale Projects
Groundwater Use
Water Sanitization and Access to Clean Drinking Water
Water Health International

What is the Issue?:

What is the Issue? Shortage of water supply due to many involved reasons
But basically, 20% of the population living on 4% of the Water1
Historic Emphasis on large scale projects
Large scale water projects were considered the answer
Dams used to provide irrigation and power
Aging of large scale projects and adverse effects of new large projects

Bhakra Dam (Sutluj River):

Emphasis on Large Scale Projects:

Emphasis on Large Scale Projects Due to early success of large scale projects, dams considered solution to all problems.
1,500 big dams built since independence
No country received more Development Bank money for dam construction than India, despite controversy surrounding many major projects
Lifespan of Indian dams is likely 2/3 of design life & every dam built during last 15 years breaks rules meant for environmental protection1

Future of Large Scale Projects:

Future of Large Scale Projects Pro’s of large scale irrigation projects:
Large direct & indirect benefits for landless agricultural labor.
Suggested correlation between poverty level and % of cropped area irrigated.
Studies show greater returns in educations in rural irrigated areas3

Slide7:

Increased Employment Due to Irrigation for Landless Laborers3

Future of Large Scale Projects:

Future of Large Scale Projects Pro’s of large scale irrigation projects:
Large direct & indirect benefits for landless agricultural labor.
Suggested correlation between poverty level and % of cropped area irrigated.
Studies show greater returns in educations in rural irrigated areas3
Con’s of large projects:
Great environmental and human issue ramifications due to proper review process
“Why are we letting dams be built by politicians? … It is high time that the World Bank and the Indian Government recognize the technical infeasibility and economic unviability inherent in large dam projects in the degraded and heavily populated watersheds of India.”1

Slide9:

Current Situation:

Current Situation Groundwater currently being used for majority of water needs
70% of current irrigation needs and 80% of domestic water supply2
Rapidly declining water tables and extremely depleted aquifers, and is no longer sustainable
Conservation efforts for groundwater management are not as actively funded due to small scale of projects
Some examples of local groundwater management at individual village levels, however no national program to encourage proper management
Conflicts between states due to no clearly defined water sharing guidelines2
Pollution and sewage outflow from growing cities and industries adds to the unhealthy condition of many major rivers, a condition that is likely to worsen due to the effects of climate change2

Slide12:

The Need A new approach is necessary Large scale infrastructure systems expensive and not economically viable for low density (rural) areas
Conventional decentralized technologies uneconomical/unsustainable in most underserved environments
Over 200 deaths per hour due to waterborne diarrheal diseases alone
Stunted development of 60 million children annually

Slide13:

More on the UV Technology:

More on the UV Technology Designed in Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 1994 by Dr. Ashok Gadgil and Derek Yegian.
Uses 60 Watts to provide drinking water to 2000 people.
Uses Gravity to drive water into UV chamber killing 99.995% of contaminating organisms due to the germicidal UV wavelengths.
Uses three times the EPA and NSF designated doseage of 40 mJ/cm2 for a higher margin of safety.
4 gallons can be disinfected per minute. Source: http://www.lbl.gov/tt/success_stories/articles/WHI_more.html

Competing Technologies :

Competing Technologies

Slide17:

Community Water Systems Comprehensive programs – much more than just equipment Turn-key program approach to reach rural populations, including:
Feasibility studies; source water identification
Pre-installation water testing
Civil works and construction of multi-purpose community water treatment centers
UVW disinfection equipment; all pumps and filters
Full system installation
Hiring and training operators from local communities
Operations and maintenance program
Community mobilization + education programs on health and hygiene
Monthly post installation quality audits and water tests
Provision of portable generators in the event of power outages
Safe storage water vessels for all families in program
Provision of project financing where necessary

Slide18:

Community Water Systems Forms one of the links in govt. initiative to provide safe drinking water Integrating with Existing Infrastructure
Use existing Raw Water Tanks as Water Source
Use new/piping infrastructure provided by govt. if clean
CWS Systems forms the purifying treatment plant in between the Raw Water Source and the final consumers
Employment Generation and Empowerment
Plant Operators from Village maintain the system-skill development
Lady Community Service Provider-Manages water collection, educates village on hygiene and good sanitation
Creating Tangible revenue generating Assets
System owned by Village Panchayat after debt repayment
Each CWS can generate about 5.00 Lacs annually which can be used for other community projects
A source of Pride- a very aesthetic CWS

Slide19:

Community Water Systems Creating long term self sustaining models Financial Model
WHO Certified Water at a price even the poorest of poor can afford
Rs.1.50 for 20 ltrs of SAFE, PURE water. Same quality of water in urban areas at Rs.40-70 for 25 ltrs.
Total Initial Capital Investment of Rs.11.00 for a population till 6000 and 22lakhs Price for population 8000 and above total turnkey system, management and development
Village owns self sustaining and revenue generating asset after debt repayment
Salaries for Operators and Lady Community Service and maintenance of System provided from collected user fees

Slide20:

WHIN Installation in A.P Installation across wide geographical area

Slide21:

Installations Mudinapalli in Krishna District CWS at Korekallu-Krishna District

Slide22:

Water health india projects Asset of pride for comunity

Slide23:

leading the blue revolution A WaterHealth Centre in Akiveedu-A.P

Slide24:

CWSTM Products
High-quality water for under-served markets
Turn-key, sustainable community-scale systems
Reach thousands with a single installation
WHO-quality water sufficient to meet all potable water needs
Self-supported through sale of treated water at ~$.002 per liter (India)

Overview of Business Model:

Overview of Business Model Business model includes financing for the purchase and installation of the systems.
User fees for treated water are used to repay loans and to cover the expenses of operating and maintaining the equipment and facility.
Members of the local communities are hired to conduct the day-to-day maintenance & local residents encouraged to provide related services, such as sales and distribution of the purified water to outlying areas.
Since the facilities are owned by the communities in which they are installed, the user fees become sources of revenue for the community after loans have been repaid.
On average, franchisees get a full return on their investment within 12-18 months, making this a very attractive model for local entrepreneurs, and even non-profit institutions interested in revenue generation. Sources: www.waterhealth.com & http://www.nextbillion.net/activitycapsule/1951

References:

References Ward, Diane Raines, Water Wars: Drought, Flood, Folly, and the Politics of Thirst, Riverhead Books, 2002.
World Bank Report on The Situation of Water in India: http://www.worldbank.org.in/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/INDIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20668501~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:295584,00.html
World Bank Presentation by John Briscoe, Senior Water Specialist: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTINDIA/Resources/India_Water_Strategy.pdf
World Bank Report on India Water Supply and Sanitation: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2006/10/10/000011823_20061010165329/Rendered/PDF/358340REVISED01Main0Report01PUBLIC1.pdf
Powerpoint Presentation of Aditya S. Jayarao, Water Health International, Andhra Pradesh, India.
An overview of the UV technology from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratoryu: http://www.lbl.gov/tt/success_stories/articles/WHI_more.html