A University of Queensland, Australia, study found green-lipped mussel (GLM) extract and glucosamine effective in treating joint pain and stiffness. The study, published in Inflammopharmacology, evaluated the effect of GLM extract and glucosamine sulphate in 38 patients with knee osteoarthritis.

In a study involving rats with antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbiosis, treatment with the antibiotic (vancomycin) was found to reduce circulating leptin levels by 38%, resulting in smaller myocardial infarcts (27% reduction) and improved recovery of post-ischemic mechanical function (35%), as compared with controls.