sāṃkhyaphil.) the original producer of (or rather passive power of creating) the material world (consisting of 3 constituent essences or guṇas called sattva , rajas and tamas) , Nature (distinguished from puruṣa , Spirit as māyā is distinguished from brahman in the vedāntas)

madhyama , vijigīṣu , udāsīna and śatru ; to which should be added 8 remoter princes , viz. the mitra , arimitra , mitra-mitra , arimitra-mitra , pārṣṇi-graha , ākranda , pārṣṇigrāhā*sāra , ākrandā*sāsa ; each of these 12 kings has 5 prakṛtis in the form of minister , territory , fortresses , treasure and army , so that the total number of prakṛtis may be 72) Mn. vii , 155 ; 157Kull.

[L=130037]

(in gram.) the crude or elementary form of a word , base , root , an uninflected word

(with or scil.laya , pralaya&c ) resolution or reabsorption into prakṛti , the dissolution of the universe Pur.

(H1B)

prākṛta [L=139051]

n.

any provincial or vernacular dialect cognate with Sanskrit (esp. the language spoken by women and inferior characters in the plays , but also occurring in other kinds of literature and usually divided into 4 dialects , viz. śaurasenī , māhārāṣṭrī , apabhraṃśa and paiśācī) , Ka1v. Katha1s. Ka1vya7d. &c

esp. those of the dhātus q.v. , described as phlegm from chyle , bile from the blood , nose mucus and ear wax from the flesh , perspiration from the fat , nails and hair from the bones , rheum of the eye from the brain ; cf. also the 12 impurities of the body enumerated in Mn. v , 135) Sus3r. Va1gbh. &c

a month or the 12th part of the Hindu year (there are 4 kinds of months , viz. the solar ,

saura ; the natural , sāvana ; the stellar , nākṣatra , and the lunar , cā*ndra ; the latter , which is the most usual and consists of 30 tithis , being itself of two kinds as reckoned from the new or full moon cf.IW. 179 ; for the names of the months »ib. 173 n. 3) RV. &c (māsam , for a month ; māsam ekam , for one month ; māsena , in the course of a month ; māse , in a month = after the lapse of a month)

(deaths of different kinds are enumerated , 100 from disease or accident and one natural from old age ;

ifc. = " disease caused by or through ")

[L=166702]

Death personified , the god of disease (sometimes identified with

yama or with viṣṇu ; or said to be a son of adharma by nirṛti or of brahmā or of kali or of māyā ; he has also the patronymics prādhvaṃsana and sāmparāyaṇa , and is sometimes reckoned among the 11 rudras , and sometimes regarded as vyāsa in the 6th dvāpara or as a teacher &c ) S3Br. MBh. Pur. &c

partic. class of gods (whose number is usually eight , and whose chief is indra , later agni and viṣṇu ; they form one of the nine gaṇas or classes enumerated under gaṇa-devatāq.v. ; the eight vasus were originally personifications , like other Vedic deities , of natural phenomena , and are usually mentioned with the other gaṇas common in the veda , viz. the eleven rudras and the twelve ādityas , constituting with them and with dyaus , " Heaven " , and pṛthivī , " Earth " [or , according to some , with indra and prajā-pati , or , according to others , with the two aśvins] , the thirty-three gods to which reference is frequently made ; the names of the vasus , according to the viṣṇu-purāṇa , are , 1. āpa [connected with ap , " water "] ; 2. dhruva , " the Pole-star " ; 3. soma , " the Moon " ; 4. dhava or dhara ; 5. anila , " Wind " ; 6. anala or pāvaka , " Fire " ; 7. pratyūṣa , " the Dawn " ; 8. prabhāsa , " Light " ; but their names are variously given ; ahan , " Day " , being sometimes substituted for 1 ; in their relationship to Fire and Light they appear to belong to Vedic rather than Puranic mythology) RV. &c

jinaS3i1l. (only L. the sun ; the moon ; fire ; a rope , thong ; a tree ; N. of two kinds of plant =baka and pīta-madgu ; a lake , pond ; a kind of fish ; the the of the yoke of a plough ; the distance from the elbow to the closed fist)

[L=188714]

N.

of a ṛṣi (with the patr.bharad-vāja , author of RV. ix , 80-82, reckoned among the seven sages) Hariv.

(in sāṃkhya) a production or derivative from prakṛti (there are 7 vikāras , viz. buddhi , " intellect " , ahaṃ-kāra , " the sense of individuality " , and the 5 tan-mātrasq.v. ; these are also producers , inasmuch as from them come the 16 vikāras which are only productions , viz. the 5 mahā-bhūtāniq.v. , and the 11 organs , viz. the 5 buddhī*ndriyāṇi or organs of sense , the 5 karme*ndriyāṇi or organs of action , and manas , " the mind ") IW. 82 &c

(in gram.) the junction or combination of letters according to euphonic rules (

=saṃdhi , but sometimes considered rather as the state preparatory to the actual junction than the junction itself) Pra1t.

[L=227464]

a text treated according to euphonic rules (

esp. the real continuous text of the vedas as formed out of the padas or separate words by proper phonetic changes [according to various schools ; cf.IW. 152]: beside the saṃhitās of the ṛg- , sāma- , and atharvaveda there is the vājasaneyi-saṃhitā belonging to the White yajur-veda , and five other saṃhitās belonging to the black yajur-veda , viz. the taittirīya-saṃhitā , the saṃhitā of the ātreyas [known only by its anukramaṇī] , the saṃhitā of the kaṭhas , the kapiṣṭhala-kaṭha-saṃhitā , and the saṃhitā of the maitrāyaṇīyas or maitrāyaṇī-saṃhitā) Nir. Pra1t. &c

[L=227465]

any methodically arranged collection of texts or verses (

e.g. the rāmā*yaṇa , the various law-books , the medical works of caraka and śārṅgadhara , the complete system of natural astrology &c [cf.bṛhat-s°] ; there is also a saṃhitā of the purāṇas said to have been compiled by vyāsa , the substance of which is supposed to be represented by the viṣṇu-purāṇa) MBh. VarBr2S. Pur. &c