Sunday, March 30, 2014

Homemade Yogurt - एक राते दही

Yogurt, called Dahi, दही,
in Nepal, is considered one of the most country's important dairy products. It is consumed throughout the country in different forms. Making yogurt at
home is simple and easy, and does not require any special skills. Most of the equipment needed to prepare it can be already found in
your kitchen.I was born in a family where
home-made yogurt was made almost everyday. We called the yogurt
"ek raate dahi" - एक राते
दही, which translates to "yogurt made
overnight" or "one-night yogurt." Most Nepali
households make a small amount of yogurt on a daily basis with just
two ingredients: fresh milk and live and active yogurt cultures
(usually from a previous batch). A warm place to rest
for the culture to incubate and a "do not disturb sign" are also important.
The delicious yogurt will be ready in 6-8 hours. Yogurt made this way is typically consumed
within a day or two before it starts to acidify and turn sour. Nepalese like their yogurt fresh, plain, thick
with best flavor and texture, but not runny. Sour yogurt is called amilo
dahi, अमिलो दहि, and it is
not liked by many. Due to lack of refrigeration in Nepali local life, after the homemade yogurt is set, it is kept at
the room temperature in the kitchen until used. Yogurt that is left
in the natural stage starts to sour immediately. The longer you leave
the yogurt at room temperature, the more sour the yogurt will be. If
the yogurt has become too tart, it is possible to mix with gram flour (besan) and
several spices to make a creamy soup-like dish called dahi kadi, which is eaten
with freshly steamed rice. Some Nepalese believe that when the yogurt
starts getting sour, it actually preserves the spoilage. The
origins of yogurt are unknown, but many of my friends believe that it originated
in the Eastern European or the Middle Eastern countries centuries
ago. Yogurt is now popular worldwide. Yogurt
has been made basically the same way for centuries, by carefully
controlling the temperature of the milk and adding a starter culture
and wait until it starts to ferment. Basically, it is a semi
solid stage of fermented milk. Although most of the yogurt in
Nepal is prepared from cow or water buffalo (bhaisi) milk, yak
and goat-milk yogurt are also popular in certain mountain regions.

Yogurt in Daily Life - Yogurt is not only used for culinary purpose, but it is also deeply routed in Nepali
cultural traditions, rituals, and religions. For example,
yogurt is eaten to purify during religious fasting days. It is
also consumed as an auspicious blessed food, before departing from
home to travel. Many Nepalese believe that yogurt brings good
luck, so a fresh container of yogurt is placed in the entrance ways
for a special welcome and departure. The fresh plain yogurt is
used in the preparation of achetaa ko tikaa, which is a red paste,
prepared by mixing together rice grains, red vermillion powder and
yogurt. On auspicious occasions, the red achetaa ko tikaa is carefully applied on
the forehead for family blessing.

Religious offerings during the festival time

Yogurt is considered one of
the purest forms of food to be offered to the deities during religious
festivals. One of the most essential divine liquids called
"Pancha Amrit" (five nectar of immortality) is offered to deities during
religious festivals which consists of yogurt, milk,
clarified butter, sugarcane juice and honey. Plain yogurt is also
offered to deity as a sacred offering, and later eaten as a blessed food. In the picture to the right, a Nepalese woman is on her way to a temple holding a brass pot (tasalaa) filled with sacred offerings for deities. The colorful offerings consist of
flowers, pure holy water, uncooked rice, betel nut, samay baji, traditional sweets,
butter lamp, red and yellow vermillion powder and incense stick. In the
middle of the tray, you will also notice a small bowl of plain yogurt.Below, I have added three photos of the auspicious food of Samay Baji
Festival with "Yogurt in a clay Pot" -- To get a complete Nepali experience, please see my previous blog posts for more
information on samay baji and juju dhau. You will also notice several festival delicacy such as laakha mari are placed around the food display -- please click here for a detail description.

Decorated yogurt container in the festive food - here is a picture of Samay Baji food display at the Indra Jatra Festival in Kathmandu - Samay Baji is a ritual Newari dish that is prepared during the festivals and offered to deities. Hundreds of devotees celebrate the festival and later the blessed food will be shared and distributed as an auspicious (prashad)
food. The religious offering symbolizes
the expression of gratitude for making the devotee healthy, happy and
prosperous and bringing peace in their daily life.

Juju Dhau, the sweetened custard-like yogurt in a red clay container
from Bhaktapur, Nepal,
is one of the most important component for the feast during the
festival.

Yogurt is also known
as an ancient healing food. It is used in different forms to
cure indigestion and intestinal infection and recognized as a
cure for hangovers. Yogurt is also eaten to obtain soothing
effect in the stomach after eating rich, spicy and greasy foods.
"10 Reasons Yogurt is a Top Health Food" - please click here to read the
article. The most popular delicacy juju dhau, the king of yogurt, is a rich-creamy-smooth yogurt from Bhaktapur, Nepal, is a must for all the
festivals, feast and celebrations including weddings, Annaprashan, Dashain festival,
Tihar-Bhai-Tika, Mother's & Father's day and so on. The yogurt made in a decorative clay pots
(kataaro) are also presented to families to show gratitude and good
will.

My Homemade Yogurt - The habit of making homemade yogurt stayed with me even after coming to the USA. I usually make large
container of yogurt every week that lasts almost 8-10 days in the
refrigerator. The yogurt is best if used within one week, but
as the yogurt starts aging, it becomes sour. I usually make
yogurt before going to bed and the next morning I am rewarded with a
perfectly incubated overnight-creamy yogurt. For festive
occasion, I use my decorative clay pots (earthenware pots in
different size and shapes) called kataaro in Nepali. I have
never used a thermometer to check the temperature of boiled milk, I
just use my fingers to judge the temperature. If you like to
eat yogurt often, you can try to make homemade yogurt today.
Everything you need to make "ek raate dahi" is probably
already in your kitchen, so let's get started with my step-by-step
tutorial photographic examples with homemade yogurt.

Ingredients

1 gallon whole milk - (you can
use reduced fat milk (2% fat), low-fat (1% fat) or skim (no fat),
whatever you prefer - the fat content of milk you use will dictate the consistency of your yogurt: the higher the fat
content, the creamier the yogurt will be).

3/4 to 1 cup plain yogurt with active
culture

Directions

Heat the milk in a heavy-bottomed
saucepan over medium-high heat. Stir constantly to prevent
sticking and remove any skin that forms on the milk. Once it is
boiled, remove the pan from the heat and let it cool. You can
speed up the cooling process by setting the pan on top of a bowl of
ice and stir continuously until the milk has cooled. Test the
temperature of the milk by dipping in your clean finger; when the
milk is lukewarm it is ready.

In a small bowl, mix 1/2 cup of the
lukewarm milk with the starter yogurt culture, and stir well.
Return the mixture back to the warm milk. To mix thoroughly,
I pour milk into another bowl, transfer it back to the clay pot,
back and forth 2 to 3 times. This way, beautiful tiny bubbles forms on the milk surface and gives a decorated touch to set yogurt. You can use your own method to stir
until completely incorporated. Transfer the mixture to clay pot
and cover it with a lid.

My favorite method of incubating the
yogurt is on top of the food warmer tray. Place the clay pot on a
rack on top of the food warmer tray, and adjust the heat setting to the lowest setting. Use whichever method of keeping the
milk warm works for you (see Helpful Hints below), but it is
important that the yogurt is kept undisturbed until it sets.
Do not shake or stir the milk during this process. Remember to
maintain a warm temperature when incubating the milk and it will
take at least 6-8 hours for yogurt to set.

To test if the yogurt has set, slowly
tilt the container. if the yogurt pulls away from the side of
the container in one piece, then it is ready. Once the yogurt
has set, refrigerate immediately, the yogurt will thicken up
further once chilled. Don't
forget to save 1/2 cup of yogurt to make another batch of yogurt.

Getting ready to decorate the freshly made yogurt with pistachio nuts (sliced-chopped), raw pieces of cashew (halved), raisins, dried coconut chips, dates, almonds-pecan nuts, the seeds of cardamom pods and saffron strands. You can use any combination and any variety of dried fruits or fresh fruits. Let your imagination run wild!

Here is my delicious yogurt decorated with dry-fruits to create a flower - having friends and family come over to enjoy this!

Freshly made plain yogurt served with the raw natural cane sugar. A sprinkle of raw sugar provides a sweet touch, but you can also add coarsely chopped almonds for a crunch.

... serving Nepali mid-afternoon snacks with milky tea and cheura (pressed rice flakes) - here in the picture, you will see Nepali fried fish, cauliflower-potato-peas vegetable, carrot desert, and a flavorful achaar that go alongside with a fresh container of yogurt

For a taste of an authentic Nepali daal-bhaat-tarkaari,try Thakali food - accompanying dishes are buttered rice in the center, with seasonal vegetables, chicken curry, black daal, achaar dish, and a bowl of yogurt.

Helpful Hints

If you prefer to make a smaller
quantity of yogurt, use 1 quart of milk and 1/4 cup plain yogurt with
active cultures.

If you use low-fat or skim milk, the
yogurt will have a less creamy consistency. You can thicken it,
by boiling it until reduced and thickened or add 2 to 3 tablespoon of
dry milk powder before heating the mixture.

Longer fermentation will yield a
more tart yogurt. If your yogurt is too watery, this may have been
caused by insufficient starter culture or the culture that was not
properly mixed with the milk, or the mixture may have been disturbed
or shaken during the incubation period. If the temperature is
too high or too low during incubation, the mixture will result in a
nearly liquid yogurt.

If there is a large amount of whey
floating on top of the set yogurt, your incubation period might have
been too long.

You may use an electric oven to
incubate the yogurt. Preheat the oven to its lowest setting for
10 minutes, turn it off, and place the milk container inside.
To maintain the temperature, you may also leave the oven light on.

You can place the yogurt inside a gas
oven to incubate the yogurt. There is no need to turn on the
oven; the yogurt will set from just the heat of the pilot light.

Some people use a cardboard box to incubate
the yogurt. Line the box with a clean kitchen towel and leave
the box in a warm place to maintain a steady temperature until yogurt
has set.

- here is a wide range of flavors and texture - serving my traditional daal-bhaat-tarkaari meal with the combination of "ek raate dahi". Yogurt is a specialty at Nepali kitchen, and is served with almost every meal.

Collection of my clay pots in different size and shapes for making yogurt.

Creative spin on homemade yogurt and juju dhau - The three images below shows how the plain yogurt has become "show-stopping centerpiece". When we think of juju dhau, we typically think of creamy, custard like yogurt made in clay pot, but these days the sweet yogurt is decorated with bright colorful creative designs made for special occasions.

Here is a picture of decorated juju dhau that is made specially for a Nepali wedding - transforming the basic yogurt to a work of art - photo courtesy Rajesh Madhikarmi, Bhaktapur, Nepal

Here are some interesting links about yogurt culture, "Eternal Yogurt: The Starter that Lives Forever" from npr.org. Please read more about it here. Another informative link, "Yes, it's worth it to make your own yogurt" by Nicole Spiridakis, please click here to read the entire article.

Hi - any plain yogurt can be added as a starter culture. Please check out the label in the container that says "active yogurt culture" - make sure it does not have thickener and flavor enhancer. It does not have to be expensive or organic brand of plain yogurt, I use non-fat plain yogurt (distributed by great value Wal-Mart stores) as a starter culture.

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