NHSN annual update: antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: annual summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006-2007

Alicia I HidronDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USAInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol 29:996-1011. 2008

An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU

..As the epidemiology of infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) changes, accurate information on the scope and magnitude of MRSA infections in the US population is needed...

Multilocus sequence typing for characterization of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible clones of Staphylococcus aureus

..Here, we review the molecular epidemiology of the epidemic waves of penicillin- and methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus that have occurred since 1940, with a focus on the clinical and molecular epidemiology of CA-MRSA...

Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study

..Nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs) are important causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States...

NHSN annual update: antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: annual summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006-2007

Alicia I HidronDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USAInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol 29:996-1011. 2008

....

An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU

..Bloodstream infections occurring in persons residing in the community, regardless of whether those persons have been receiving health care in an outpatient facility, have traditionally been categorized as community-acquired infections...

..Inanimate surfaces have often been described as the source for outbreaks of nosocomial infections. The aim of this review is to summarize data on the persistence of different nosocomial pathogens on inanimate surfaces...

..Asymptomatic fecal carriage of Clostridium difficile is common in patients staying in health care facilities, but the importance of asymptomatic carriers with regard to disease transmission is unclear...

Epidemiology of sepsis and infection in ICU patients from an international multicentre cohort study

..To examine the incidence of infections and to describe them and their outcome in intensive care unit (ICU) patients...

Evaluation of the national Cleanyourhands campaign to reduce Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and Clostridium difficile infection in hospitals in England and Wales by improved hand hygiene: four year, prospective, ecological, interrupted time series stud

..Nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus are at increased risk for health care-associated infections with this organism. Decolonization of nasal and extranasal sites on hospital admission may reduce this risk...

Ecological theory suggests that antimicrobial cycling will not reduce antimicrobial resistance in hospitals

..As a consequence, cycling is unlikely to be effective and may even hinder resistance control. These results may explain the limited success reported thus far from clinical trials of antimicrobial cycling...

Federal funding for the study of antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens: no ESKAPE

..We also discuss the role of the accessory genome of E. faecium in contributing to the infectious phenotype and examine the role that surface proteins of E. faecium may have in colonization and infection...

Modeling the invasion of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus into hospitals

..28 (95% CI 0.09-0.90), which was not sensitive to adjustment for duration of hospitalization at time of detection. Nosocomial transmission of ST398 MRSA is 72% less likely than that of non-ST398 MRSA strains...

Emergence of CC17 Enterococcus faecium: from commensal to hospital-adapted pathogen

..The R(A) ratio between non-ST398 MRSA and ST398 was 5.90 (95% CI 2.24-23.81). ST398 is 5.9 times less transmissible than non-ST398 MRSA in Dutch hospitals, which may allow less stringent transmission-control measures for ST398 MRSA...

..This paper gives an overview of MRSA prevalence in hospitals and other healthcare institutions in non-outbreak situations in Western Europe...

Estimating the proportion of healthcare-associated infections that are reasonably preventable and the related mortality and costs

Craig A UmscheidCenter for Evidence Based Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USAInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol 32:101-14. 2011

..To estimate the proportion of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in US hospitals that are "reasonably preventable," along with their related mortality and costs...

Management of multidrug-resistant enterococcal infections

C A AriasDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for the Study of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USAClin Microbiol Infect 16:555-62. 2010

..Whether there have been changes in MRSA infection incidence as these programs become established is unknown; however, recent data have shown that rates of MRSA bloodstream infections (BSIs) in intensive care units are decreasing...

..Gram-negative bacilli are commonly associated with hospital-acquired infections in ICUs. The proportion of Acinetobacter species associated with ICU pneumonia increased from 4% in 1986 to 7.0% in 2003...

..We examine the trends in both nosocomial and community-associated MRSA infections and explore recent studies of the mechanisms that allow S. aureus to become resistant to currently available drugs...

..This review describes the latest observations about the structure of SCCmec, the techniques used to study the molecular epidemiology and evolution of S. aureus as well as some challenges that researchers face in the future...

Controlling nosocomial infection based on structure of hospital social networks

..After 2 more years without improvement, a SHEA task force was appointed to draft this evidence-based guideline on preventing nosocomial transmission of such pathogens, focusing on the two considered most out of control: MRSA and VRE...

..We sought to describe the epidemiological profile of S. aureus bacteremia and to assess whether the incidence and severity of and the antimicrobial resistance rates associated with this bacteremia are increasing...

..The predictions of the model are compared with those of other models and published data. The implications for resistance control and study design are discussed, along with the limitations and assumptions of the model...

..Overall, our results suggest that switching between different antibiotics might be a valuable strategy in small patient populations, if the switching strategies take the frequencies of resistance alleles into account...

..S. hospitalized patients, USA100 isolates of multiple spa types, while still common in the nares, have been replaced by USA300 isolates as the predominant MRSA strain type in positive blood cultures...

..This complex is correlated with ampicillin and quinolone resistance and with the presence of a putative pathogenicity island. Preliminary MLST data suggest that similar hospital-adapted complexes might also exist in E. faecalis...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals and the community: stealth dynamics and control catastrophes

B S CooperDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University of London, WC1E 7HU, United KingdomProc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:10223-8. 2004

..If resources do not scale with MRSA prevalence, isolation policies can fail "catastrophically."..

Prevalence and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among pigs on German farms and import of livestock-related MRSA into hospitals

..The objective of this study was to quantify the amount of patient-to-patient transmission among patients who acquire an ESBL-producing E coli infection using perianal surveillance cultures in an intensive care unit (ICU) population...

..To improve diagnosis, we suggest a two-stage testing strategy for C difficile toxin with an initial highly sensitive rapid screening test to identify positive samples that are then confirmed by a reference method...

..Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection in critically ill patients. The clinical and economic consequences of VAP are unclear, with a broad range of values reported in the literature..

..This study aimed to reveal the differences in mortality and pathogens between HCAP and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in each severity class, and to clarify the strategy for the treatment of HCAP...

..baumannii clones with OXA carbapenemases within and between hospitals. In conclusion, the recent increase in imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. from South Korea is mostly due to OXA-type carbapenemases...

The relationship between the volume of antimicrobial consumption in human communities and the frequency of resistance

..In Phase II, we will examine analogs of the highest priority hits and chemically optimize the most promising of these structures to develop lead compounds for efficacy and toxicity testing in animal models. ..

..Although only eight positions per year are supported by this grant, 191 postdoctoral trainees are currently being funded by our, training program in the laboratories of the 51 participating research mentors. ..

..aeruginosa infections. The results of these studies will also contribute to our overall understanding of bacterial capsule biosynthesis, which is a common mechanism of bacterial virulence for avoiding the host immune response. ..

..Most HAIs are preventable and it is a major public health problem. Results from this study will inform both clinicians and policy makers;these results also have the potential to improve processes at the bedside and reduce HAI rates. ..

..Here we propose using a phosphoproteomic approach to investigate the sensing and signalling that mediate key virulence associated events, hopefully leading to preventative strategies against these frequent nosocomial infections. ..

..The impact of these studies is that they will critically advance our understanding of the mechanisms of action of ADAM17 during lung infection, as well as indicate the therapeutic potential of this immune regulator. ..

..A translational goal will be implementation of a hydrogel delivery system to guide the innate immune response for improving resolution of a persistent SA infection in a mouse model of tissue injury. ..

..Our long- term goals are to develop one or more advanced candidates for further preclinical and clinical evaluation as novel antibiotics to combat P. aeruginosa and potentially other pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. ..

..We propose to study how sepsis weakens the body's immune system and makes these patients at risk for these secondary infections and death. Our findings may lead to new treatments for this devastating disease. ..

..Although we will only experiment this model in the laboratory and with animals at this stage, this project mainly targets hospitalized patients who depend on intravenous means to receive drugs or nutrition. ..

..Our interdisciplinary team is uniquely qualified to conduct this study. Results will inform bedside clinicians and policy makers across the nation on how to best eliminate HAIs in NHs and inform future guidelines. ..

..The proposed device will provide for the uncontaminated sampling of the lower lung aspirate for a more accurate diagnosis of the organism causing the pneumonia. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..

..The pathway is not the target of any currently prescribed therapeutic, therefore these compounds and their derivatives are expected to have prolonged utility relative to subsequent generations of antibiotics presently in use. ..

..Since all immune cells are formed in the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells, we are studying the effect of catecholamine in the development and function of hematopoietic stem cells in critical burn injury. ..

..The specific role of RNAIII, the effector species first generated by the initial activation of the two component system, will be evaluated with regard to enhancement of enterotoxin gene expression. ..