MILAN — Mafia 'boss of bosses' Salvatore 'Toto' Riina, who was serving 26 life sentences as the mastermind of a bloody strategy to assassinate both rivals and Italian prosecutors and law enforcement trying to bring down Cosa Nostra, died early Friday.

Riina died the day after his 87th birthday and hours after the Justice Ministry had agreed to allow family members at his bedside. He had been in a medically induced coma following two surgeries in recent weeks in the prison wing of a hospital in Parma, northern Italy. The ministry, without elaboration, confirmed his death.

Riina, one of Sicily's most notorious Mafia bosses who ruthlessly directed the mob's criminal empire during 23 years in hiding, was serving the life sentences for multiple murder convictions, some dating back to the 1950s.

A farmer's son from Corleone, a rocky hill town with notoriety as a Mafia stronghold near Palermo, he carved out a particularly ruthless reputation in a crime syndicate notorious for its evil.

Rival bosses were mowed down in the 1970s and early 1980s in Palermo — murders blamed on mobsters happened at the rate of practically one a day in the Sicilian capital in those years — as Riina orchestrated his rise to power. In his campaign for supremacy, he violated many of Cosa Nostra's rules of conduct, including no longer sparing innocent women and children from the spray of hitmen's bullets.

"Up to 3:37 a.m., he was still the 'capo' of Cosa Nostra." - Alfonso Sabella, former Palermo anti-Mafia magistrate

He was captured in 1993 in Palermo, where he had an apartment hideout, and imprisoned under a special law that requires strict security for top mobsters, including being detained in isolated sections of prisons with limited time outside of their cells.

During the height of his power, prosecutors accused Riina of masterminding a strategy, carried out over several years, to assassinate Italian prosecutors, police officials and others who were going after Cosa Nostra.

The bloodbath campaign ultimately backfired, however, and led to his capture. The state, reflecting widespread citizen anger, cracked down hard on the mobsters after bombs killed Italy's two leading anti-Mafia magistrates, Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, two months apart in 1992.

This May 23, 1992 file photo shows the damage at a highway that links Palermo to its airport after a bomb blast killed anti-Mafia prosecutor Giovanni Falcone, his wife and three policemen escorting them. (AP Photo/Nino Labruzzo, files)

Top anti-Mafia prosecutor Franco Roberti said that Riina had never repented for his crimes.

"He was still considered the 'boss of bosses,' even in prison," Roberti told The AP in a phone interview. "His death will lead to a power struggle at the top of the Cosa Nostra" even if during his decades in a Milan prison cell severe restrictions on his contacts ensured he no longer had any operational influence.

As former Palermo anti-Mafia magistrate Alfonso Sabella put it in an interview with Sky TG24 TV: "Up to 3:37 a.m. (the time of Riina's death), he was still the 'capo' of Cosa Nostra."

In this Jan. 15, 1993 file photo, Mafia boss Salvatore Riina is shown at Police headquarters in the Sicilian town of Palermo, southern Italy, shortly after his arrest. (AP Photo/Nino Labruzzo, files)

Roberti, who retired this month as national anti-Mafia prosecutor — a position envisioned by Falcone to co-ordinate all probes of organized crime — said Cosa Nostra had witnessed a degree of marginalization in recent years when compared to the Calabrian-based 'ndrangheta organized crime syndicate that, awash in cocaine trafficking revenue, has spread northward through Italy and across much of Europe.

"But as always happens, these periods alternate and there are changes. We are now seeing an increase in activities on a financial level by Cosa Nostra subjects," Roberti added. "We are monitoring this."

In this April 24, 2006 file photo a crucifix towers over the Sicilian town of Corleone, southern Italy, the ancestral home of Mafia boss Salvatore 'Toto' Riina. (AP Photo/Gregorio Borgia, files)

Salvatore Riina was born in the mountain town of Corleone in central Sicily. Novelist Mario Puzo borrowed the town's name for the main character in the "Godfather" novels, written years before Riina clinched power. The fictional character and his family became the stuff of blockbuster films.

Riina married a local woman, 14 years his junior, who was trained as a schoolteacher, Antonina Bagarella, the sister of two alleged Cosa Nostra bosses in Corleone.

Investigators believe that Riina jockeyed his way to the top of the Mafia by pitting rivals against each other, and then standing out of the way of the bloodshed that felled one boss after another in the 1970s.

A picture taken on March 8, 1993 shows mafia boss Salvatore "Toto" Riina during his trial at the high security prison Ucciardone in Palermo. ALESSANDRO FUCARINI/AFP/Getty Images

He went into hiding in 1969 after being ordered by the state to leave Sicily after he had finished serving a five-year prison sentence for Mafia association. During his decades on the lam, the only picture authorities had of the fugitive was more than 30 years old.

More than one Mafia defector had said that Riina had come and gone as he pleased during the years as Italy's top fugitive, directing Mafia activities from Palermo. Riina was handed his first life sentence in 1987 after being tried in absentia on murder and drug trafficking charges.

"He was still considered the 'boss of bosses,' even in prison." - Franco Roberti, anti-Mafia prosecutor

For decades, Riina seemed to mock law enforcement as he reigned from underground over the mob's drug trafficking network and ordered the deaths of top anti-Mafia fighters.

Within months of Borsellino's murder, however, anti-Mafia investigators working with turncoats zeroed in on the "capo dei capi," locating Riina and blocking his car on a Palermo thoroughfare on Jan. 15, 1993.

Riina steadfastly refused to collaborate with law enforcement after his capture.

"Mute as a tomb" was how RAI state radio summed up his refusal to become a turncoat as ultimately scores of Mafiosi did.

In this April 29, 1993 file photo, Mafia "boss of bosses" Salvatore "Toto" Riina, is seen behind bars, during a trial in Rome. (AP Photo/Giulio Broglio, File)

The archbishop of Monreale, which includes Corleone, said Friday that Riina's death "ends the delusion of the Cosa Nostra boss of bosses' omnipotence."

"But the Mafia has not been defeated, and therefore we should not let down our guards," Archbishop Michele Pennisi said in an email to The Associated Press.

Pennisi said he didn't know if the family intended to transfer Riina's body to Corleone. But he said that a public funeral would not be allowed since Riina was a "public sinner."

"If the family members ask, a private prayer in the cemetery will be considered," he added.

5 things to know about 87-year-old Riina and the Sicilian Mafia he once ruthlessly controlled:

1. THE CRADLE OF COSA NOSTRA:

The Italian town of Corleone, Riina’s birthplace, has been Cosa Nostra’s stronghold during both his reign and that of reputed chieftain Bernardo Provenzano, who died last year a decade after his capture in Sicily following some 40 years of hiding in the countryside near the hill town.

The town inspired the fictional crime clan’s name in “The Godfather” novel and hit movies. The Italian government last year dissolved Corleone’s municipal government on suspicion that Mafiosi had infiltrated it. Using intimidation tactics, the Cosa Nostra frequently influences decisions and public contract bidding and delivers votes, prompting some politicians to curry the mob’s favour.

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2. BEWARE THE NICKNAME

Mafia “dons” all sport colorful nicknames, many in the Sicilian dialect. Salvatore “Toto” Riina was no exception. Recognized as the “boss of bosses” of the Cosa Nostra, he was also known as “The Beast (La Belva)” for the ruthless bloodbaths he instigated against anti-Mafia prosecutors and law enforcement. Those included the 1992 murders of anti-Mafia prosecutors Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino. He also was known as “u curto,” Sicilian for “the short one,” for his physical stature.

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3. A POWER STRUGGLE IS UNLEASHED

Top anti-Mafia prosecutors say Riina’s death is sure to spark a power struggle in the Sicilian Mafia, even if the strict terms of his imprisonment would have prevented him from exercising day-to-day control for the last 24 years. Prosecutors won’t discuss who they think the top contenders might be, but long-time Cosa Nostra fugitive Matteo Messina Denaro remains Italy’s most-wanted Mafioso. The 55-year-old, whose power base is in Trapani, in western Sicily, has evaded arrest since 1993. He is wanted for his role in the bombing assassination of magistrates in the 1990s as well as other Mafia hits and crimes.

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4. FAMILY TIES

Riina had four children. Giovanni is serving life sentence for four murders, while Giuseppe Salvatore “Salvo” Riina is under special surveillance in Padua after serving an eight-year sentence for Mafia association. Salvo Riina made news in recent years for a prime-time interview on RAI state television and then for travelling to Corleone, against the terms of his prison release, to serve as godfather, against Vatican rules, for a niece. One daughter remains in Corleone, while a second has relocated to Puglia, according to Italian media.

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5. THE COSA NOSTRA TODAY

During Riina’s day, the Cosa Nostra was the most powerful of the Italian crime syndicates, controlling an international heroin smuggling ring and declaring war on the Italian government with a bloody campaign against anti-Mafia magistrates.

The Cosa Nostra has lost pre-eminence in recent years, due in part to the state crackdown that either jailed or forced top bosses to hide, giving rise to the ’ndrangheta, which has infiltrated businesses in affluent northern Italy. Some progress has been made in the battle for hearts and minds, with young people in Sicily inspiring many shopkeepers and industrialists there to stop paying the Cosa Nostra protection money. Still, prosecutors say there are signs that Sicily’s Cosa Nostra is again gathering strength.