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Ibn Hazm statue. Ibn Hazm (994-1064), born in Cordoba, was one of the foremost philosophers of Islamic Spain. He was a Muslim historian, theologian and jurist. As a leading proponent of the Zahiri school of jurisprudence he held that legal theory should be based on the literal interpretation of the Quran. He produced about 400 works on ethics, logic, comparative religion, and poetry. His views on politics and religion made him a controversial figure, but his influence continues today in the Islamic world. Photographed in Cordoba, Spain.