Saint Louis (Louis IX of France) on his first (the Sixth) crusade disembarking of Damietta (Nile Delta) which he captured in 1249. Saracen army at top right. Woodcut from Grand voyage de Hierusalem 1522.

Ferdinand Magellan (c1480-1521) on his ship 'Victoria'. Allegorical celebration of the first voyage of circumnavigation (1519-1522) led by Magellan. He was killed by natives in the Philippines and the 'Victoria' was taken back to...

Amerigo Vespucci (1471-1512) Italian-born Spanish explorer. Shown here observing the constellation of the Southern Cross. America named from Latinised form of his name. Engraving after Stradanus, 1522.