Graph theory

In mathematics, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of vertices, nodes, or points which are connected by edges, arcs, or lines.

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In Euler’s investigation of the bridges of Königsberg, he discovered that it was the general arrangement of features that was important, not their exact locations. This observation led to the creation of graph theory, one of the earliest incarnations of topology.