"The sheer vastness of the difference in the speed, breadth, (and) depth that false news spread compared to the truth was surprising," says Sinan Aral, one of the authors of the study.

Aral, a professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management, says false stories on Twitter are 70 percent more likely to be retweeted than the true ones.

And the study found that bots — Russian or not — had very little do with it. "The bot results points to human judgement and human decision making as being a potentially more important factor than we might have thought," he says.

The study tracked 126,000 news stories that spread on Twitter between 2006 and 2017.

Though the study did not ask people why they retweeted certain stories, it did find that false stories often triggered strong feelings of disgust and surprise.

Leanne Baker is one of those people who unwittingly retweeted a false story — a post that said the alleged Parkland, Fla., high school shooter had trained with a right-wing militia group. He did not.

"Twitter just takes off when events like this happen, and the news and posts are coming in so fast," she says. The story went viral. Baker says, ultimately, she realized it wasn't true because she follows people who are experts in their field. "Another lady I follow that specializes in extremist groups and studies them, she started saying, 'You know, hold on a second, this isn't adding up.' "

Twitter and other social media amplifies the way gossip spreads in the real world. Deb Roy, an associate professor at MIT and co-author of the study, says when false news is spreading online it's tough to stop.

"How do you get a few billion people to stop for a moment and reflect before they hit the retweet or the share button," he says, "especially when they have an emotional response to what they've just seen."

Roy, who previously served as Twitter's chief media scientist, says the false news problem is hard to solve. Fact-checking organizations can be slow. Machines can do a pretty good job. But a study showed they were only right 75 percent of the time.

"You will often flag stories that turn out to be perfectly fine," Roy says. "What's the cost benefit trade-off of doing that?"

Twitter, which helped fund the study on false news, is asking for proposals on how to deal with the problem. One proposal it's evaluating is finding a better way to authenticate and verify users.

But Twitter has faced criticism, especially from right wing groups, that it's taken down accounts simply because it doesn't like the ideology of the user.

"We want to be very open and very vulnerable with you all about what we're facing and what our challenges are and the way we would like to move everything forward," he said.

Dorsey said changes weren't going to happen overnight. Unfortunately, that's a lot slower than the speed at which false news spreads.

Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.

SARAH MCCAMMON, HOST:

Now it's time for All Tech Considered.

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

MCCAMMON: This week's report reminds us of this famous line, a lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes, sometimes attributed to Mark Twain, sometimes Winston Churchill, sometimes another person altogether. Regardless of who said it, a new study of how news travels on Twitter confirms the basic truth of that quote. Here's NPR's Laura Sydell.

LAURA SYDELL, BYLINE: It may not be news that lies spread faster than the truth. But on Twitter, it's a lot faster.

SINAN ARAL: The sheer vastness of the difference in the speed, breadth, depth that false news spread compared to the truth was surprising.

SYDELL: This is Sinan Aral, one of the authors of a study on the spread of false news on Twitter. He's professor of management at MIT. He says false stories on Twitter are 70 percent more likely to be retweeted than the true ones. And the study found it's not bots that are doing the retweeting.

ARAL: And the bot results points to human judgment and human decision-making as being a potentially more important factor than we might have thought.

SYDELL: The study tracked 126,000 news stories that spread on Twitter between 2006 and 2017. Though the study did not ask people why they retweeted certain stories, it did find that false stories often triggered strong feelings of disgust and surprise. Leanne Baker is one of those people who unwittingly retweeted a false story. It was a post that said the alleged Parkland shooter had trained with a right-wing militia group. He did not.

LEANNE BAKER: Twitter just takes off when events like this happen, and the news and posts are coming in so fast.

SYDELL: The story went viral. Baker says ultimately, she realized it was not true because she follows people who are experts in their field.

BAKER: Another lady I follow that specializes in extremist groups and studies them, she started saying, you know, hold on a second, this isn't adding up (laughter).

SYDELL: The problem with Twitter and social media is that it amplifies the way gossip spreads in the real world. Deb Roy is co-author of the study and a professor at MIT.

DEB ROY: How do you get a few billion people to stop for a moment and reflect before they hit the retweet or the share button, especially when they have an emotional response to what they've just seen?

SYDELL: Roy served as Twitter's chief media scientist between 2013 and 2017. He says the false news problem is hard to solve. Fact-checking organizations can be slow. Machines are faster, but a study showed they were only right 75 percent of the time.

ROY: You will often flag stories that turn out to be perfectly fine, right? And what's the cost-benefit tradeoff of doing that?

SYDELL: Twitter helped fund the study. Its response to it was help. The company is asking for proposals on how to deal with the problem. One proposal it's evaluating is finding a better way to authenticate and verify users. But Twitter's faced criticism, especially from right-wing groups, that it's taken down accounts simply because it doesn't like the ideology of the user. In a stream conversation with users, CEO Jack Dorsey said they're going to work hard on the problem.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

JACK DORSEY: We want to be very open and very vulnerable with you all about what we're facing and what our challenges are and the way we would like to move everything forward.