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[ISSN] 1531-5037

[Journal-full-title] Journal of pediatric surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Pediatr. Surg.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

3. Taal BG, Smits M: Developments in diagnosis and treatment of metastatic midgut carcinoid tumors. A review.Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol; 2005 Dec;51(4):335-44[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Developments in diagnosis and treatment of metastatic midgut carcinoidtumors. A review.

Carcinoids are neuroendocrine tumours derived from enterochromaffin cells which are widely distributed in the body and may, therefore, arise from any site.

Localisation in the gastrointestinal tract is the most frequent, among which the appendiceal involvement is often found at laparoscopy for appendicitis and the small bowel is known for the liver metastases with the production of serotonin causing the characteristic carcinoid syndrome with diarrhoea and flushes.

The overall incidence of carcinoid disease has increased in the past decades, but whether this is a true increase or due to early detection or better recognition at pathology is not known.

The prognosis of metastatic carcinoid tumours has improved during the last decade resulting in a 5 year survival of approximately 50% in the Netherlands.

Due to a longer survival, complications such as carcinoid heart disease and new metastatic patterns like skin and bone metastases may become a more important feature in carcinoid disease.

New developments are in the field of diagnostics (fine-tuning of the pathology, videocapsule endoscopy to find the primary tumour, positron emission tomography [PET] scanning) and treatment options (radiofrequency ablation, radioactive octreotide, meta-iodobenzylguanidine combinations).

The new serum marker of carcinoid, chromogranin A, may play an important role in the follow-up and NT-proBNP for the detection of heart problems.

Combining new diagnostic and treatment modalities in metastatic carcinoid patients may result in a better quality of life and a longer survival.

Primary appendiceal GCC was demonstrated in both cases after systematic clinical investigations.

Therefore, for any uterine cervical/endometrial signet ring cell carcinoma, a metastatic appendiceal GCC should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially after excluding other primary sites.

OBJECTIVE: To provide recent data that focus on the pathology of endocrine tumors of the appendix including classifications and guidelines for patient management.

Evaluation of their prognoses and risks of malignancy, according to these classifications, depends on several parameters including tumor size, proliferation rate, and infiltration of appendiceal wall and mesoappendix.

Most patients with classic endocrine tumors of the appendix have a favorable prognosis.

Indications for postappendectomy, complementary surgery, which are still controversial, especially for tumors between 1 and 2 cm, are presented and discussed.

In contrast, in patients presenting with a goblet cell carcinoid, a right hemicolectomy after the initial appendectomy is considered the standard surgical intervention.

Three patients had no residual or recurrent carcinoid tumor on EUS examination after previous empiric polypectomy or biopsy.

Five patients had suspected rectal myogenic stromal tumors on EUS; three were transferred for surgical resection due to uterine myoma compression (N = 2) or mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix with rectal metastasis (N = 1), and two had uterine myoma detected by gynecologic ultrasound or CT.

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(PMID = 17052936.001).

[ISSN] 1297-9589

[Journal-full-title] Gynécologie, obstétrique & fertilité

[ISO-abbreviation] Gynecol Obstet Fertil

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] France

12. Tannapfel A, Wittekind C: [The current TNM system for gastrointestinal tumors part II].Pathologe; 2010 Sep;31(5):348-52[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title]Carcinoid of the vermiform appendix. Description of three clinical cases and review of the literature.

[Transliterated title]Carcinoide dell'appendice vermiforme.

Carcinoids of the appendix represent a separate class of tumours with characteristics that vary between benign (adenomas) and malignant (carcinomas) neoplasias.

A recent nomenclature identifies them as diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNS) and/or, parallely, as neuroendocrine tumours (NET): the gastroenteric tract is the site of about 64.3% of carcinoids, followed by the respiratory tract with 25.3%.

Among the gastrointestinals, tumour of the small intestine is the one with the highest incidence with 28.5%, followed by the appendix with 4.77%, the rectum with 13.6% and the stomach with 4.6%.

Carcinoid of the colon has an incidence of 8.62%, with the caecum which alone represents 34.5% of colic localisations.

The 3 cases described are an example of the behavioural unpredictability of intestinal carcinoids.

The first case is that of a female patient in whom the primary tumour was only discovered after liver metastasis was documented.

Subsequent investigations carried out in the postoperative period documented the presence of liver metastasis at the V and VI liver segments.

The last case, similar to the second from certain points of view, shows the need to carry out a right hemicolectomy with removal of locoregional lymphnodes in the event of an appendicular carcinoid >2 cm.

Both laboratory and instrumental examinations contribute to the diagnosis of intestinal carcinoid.

First level instrumental examinations for the diagnosis of intestinal carcinoid are represented by CT with and without contrast medium, diagnostic endoscopy and, to better highlight the presence of locoregional metastases, scintigraphy with octreotide and PET.

Treatment with somatostatin, on the other hand, proved effective in controlling tumour secretion, so attenuating the inconveniences of carcinoid syndrome.

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(PMID = 16858310.001).

[ISSN] 0026-4733

[Journal-full-title] Minerva chirurgica

[ISO-abbreviation] Minerva Chir

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

14. Fujiyoshi Y, Kuhara H, Eimoto T: Composite glandular-endocrine cell carcinoma of the stomach. Report of two cases with goblet cell carcinoid component.Pathol Res Pract; 2005;200(11-12):823-9[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Composite glandular-endocrine cell carcinoma (CGECC) is recognized as a special type of gastric tumor composed of ordinary adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors.

Goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) is a well-established type of appendiceal carcinoid, but the GCC component has not been well delineated in CGECC of the stomach.

However, the resected tumors consisted of three components: signet-ring cell carcinoma, GCC, and glandular adenocarcinoma.

Although some signet-ring carcinoma cells and goblet carcinoid cells were indistinguishable by hematoxylin and eosin staining, E-cadherin immunostaining disclosed a definitive difference regarding the staining pattern in these cells.

Both patients are well, with no recurrent tumor for about 10 years of follow-up.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Synchronous and metachronous ovarian and appendiceal mucinous tumors are often the subject of diagnostic consultations in gynecologic pathology practices to address whether the tumors are independent neoplasms or related as primary and metastasis.

The ovarian tumors were bilateral in 25 of 28 cases with data on both ovaries and were typically large (mean/median: 14 cm, range: 4.5 to 24.0 cm).

The appendices were often firm or thickened but usually did not have a discrete measurable tumor and were not notably enlarged; microscopically, transmural invasion was present in all of them.

The ovarian and appendicealtumors exhibited a variety of patterns of differentiation, including signet ring cell and glandular, with all displaying some goblet cell carcinoidlike patterns (nests, islands, cords, or cryptlike tubules with goblet cells); teratomatous elements were not identified in any ovarian tumors.

Chromogranin was expressed in 7 of 19 ovarian tumors (mean/median: 6.3%/0%; range: 0% to 20%) and synaptophysin was expressed in 4 of 18 of these (mean/median: 7.8%/0%; range: 0% to 90%).

Chromogranin was expressed in 6 of 16 appendicealtumors (mean/median: 11.9%/0%; range: 0% to 70%) and synaptophysin was expressed in 6 of 15 of these (mean/median: 16.7%/0%; range: 0% to 90%).

The clinicopathologic features of these ovarian tumors indicate they should be labeled as metastatic appendiceal adenocarcinomas rather than as goblet cell carcinoidtumors both to reflect their behavior and help distinguish them from the rare true primary ovarian goblet cell carcinoidtumors.

As the ovarian tumors have appreciable components of signet ring cells they qualify as Krukenberg tumors.

In cases in which the primary tumor is not already evident, their "goblet cell carcinoidlike" patterns should direct attention to the appendix as a possible source.

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(PMID = 20948448.001).

[ISSN] 1536-4801

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

20. Wang HL, Dhall D: Goblet or signet ring cells: that is the question.Adv Anat Pathol; 2009 Jul;16(4):247-54[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Goblet cell carcinoid tumor is a rare mixed endocrine-exocrine neoplasm of the appendix.

It carries an intermediate biologic behavior between a classic carcinoid tumor and a conventional adenocarcinoma.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title]Carcinoidtumors of the appendix: are these tumors identifiable prospectively on preoperative CT?

The purpose of this study was to determine if carcinoidtumors of the appendix were identified prospectively on preoperative CT at our institution during the last decade.

A surgical database search performed using the Current Procedural Terminology codes for appendectomy and colectomy yielded 2108 patients who underwent appendectomy or colectomy with removal of the appendix from January 1998 through September 2007.

Pathology reports were reviewed to identify patients in whom an appendiceal carcinoid tumor was identified.

Twenty-three carcinoidtumors (1.1%; 15 women [65.2%], eight men [34.8%]; average age 54 years [range, 23 to 86 years]) were identified.

No tumors were identified prospectively on CT.

Average reported tumor size was 6.1 mm (range, 1.5 to 15 mm; n = 18).

A tip or distal location was reported for all tumors for which a location was given (n = 15).

Carcinoidtumors occurred in 1.1 per cent of appendix specimens.

These tumors were all less than or 1.5 cm in size.

Likely as a result of their small size, none of these tumors was identified prospectively on preoperative CT.

Goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix is a rare neoplasm and clinically tends to take a malignant course.

A tumor was found by colonoscopic examination at the orifice of vermiform and was diagnosed pathologically as goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix.

We performed intraperitoneal paclitaxel(PTX)administration at 70 mg/m(2) week without any resection of the tumor.

For about one year, her tumor was controlled but became worse thirteen months after diagnosis and died.

It is thought that intraabdominal paclitaxel administration and systemic S-1 therapy can be one of appropriate forms of chemotherapy for inoperable peritoneal carcinomatosis from goblet cell carcinoidof appendix.

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

26. Van Gompel JJ, Stoddard E, Chen H: Incidental carcinoid tumors of the appendix: do they affect presentation or prognosis?Int Surg; 2007 Nov-Dec;92(6):331-4[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Incidental carcinoidtumors of the appendix: do they affect presentation or prognosis?

Carcinoidtumors are the most common neoplasm of the vermiform appendix, with most found incidentally after surgery for appendicitis.

To determine in patients presenting with appendicitis if incidental carcinoidtumors affected presentation or prognosis, we reviewed our experience.

Of 1350 patients receiving an appendectomy from 1992 to 2000 for appendicitis, 20 were found to have appendiceal carcinoidtumors.

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(PMID = 18402126.001).

[ISSN] 0020-8868

[Journal-full-title] International surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Int Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

27. Guraya SY, Khairy GA, Ghallab A, Al-Saigh A: Carcinoid tumors of the appendix. Our experience in a university hospital.Saudi Med J; 2005 Mar;26(3):434-7[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title]Carcinoidtumors of the appendix. Our experience in a university hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To present our experience of carcinoidtumors of the appendix managed at a university teaching hospital.

The data of patients identified to have histological evidence of carcinoidtumors of the appendix were further reviewed for the demographic details, indications for surgery, surgical procedure, tumor localization in the appendix and size; concomitant appendicitis and further surgical procedures were considered.

RESULTS: During the study period, 1547 appendectomies were performed and, out of these, 9 (0.6%) cases were reported to have carcinoidtumors of the appendix.

Six carcinoidtumors were encountered at the appendiceal apex, 2 at the midportion, and one at the base with a mean diameter of 9.5 mm (range, 4-19 mm).

One patient had histologically confirmed residual tumor, which necessitated a right hemicolectomy 3 weeks later.

CONCLUSION: Carcinoidtumors of the appendix are extremely rare and invariably remain asymptomatic.

Simple appendectomy offers adequate relief while the need for further extensive surgery depends on tumor characteristics and dissemination.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Adenocarcinoid tumor of the extrahepatic biliary tract.

The term adenocarcinoid was first coined by Warkel et al in 1978 to describe a group of uncommon low-grade malignant appendicealtumors with morphologic and histochemical evidence of both glandular (adenocarcinoma) and neuroendocrine (carcinoid) differentiation for which several terms have been used in the past.

Although the appendix is the most frequent site of this tumor, similar neoplasms have been reported also in other sites, such as colon, gallbladder, Vater's ampulla, and stomach.

Provided that it can metastasize, a recent meta-analysis on appendiceal adenocarcinoids showed that right hemicolectomy is not required when the tumor is completely excised and there is no cecal involvement.

In this article, the clinicopathologic features of an adenocarcinoid tumor occurring in the extrahepatic biliary tract with infiltration of the common hepatic duct wall that, to the best of our knowledge, represents the first report in this site is described.

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(PMID = 18480386.001).

[ISSN] 1066-8969

[Journal-full-title] International journal of surgical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Surg. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

31. Krysiak R, Okopień B, Herman ZS: [Current concepts on diagnosis and treatment of carcinoid].Przegl Lek; 2007;64(2):103-10[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Current concepts on diagnosis and treatment of carcinoid].

Carcinoid tumours are relatively rare neuroendocrine neoplasms that often present as diagnostic dilemmas due to obscure or non-specific symptomatology.

Carcinoids occur most frequently in the gastrointestinal system, where they are most common in the small intestine, appendix, and rectum, and in the bronchi.

Although, the majority are nonfunctional, some carcinoids can cause so called classical or atypical carcinoid syndrome and sometimes also paraneoplastic syndromes.

Carcinoid tumours often present with metastatic disease.

Despite the fact that many advances have been made in both the basic science and clinical areas, the optimal treatment of carcinoid tumours is still a matter of debate.

In this article, the pathogenesis, clinical aspects, classification, diagnosis and treatment of carcinoids are reviewed including the latest advances in each area.

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(PMID = 17892042.001).

[ISSN] 0033-2240

[Journal-full-title] Przegla̧d lekarski

[ISO-abbreviation] Prz. Lek.

[Language] pol

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Poland

[Number-of-references] 46

32. Debnath D, Rees J, Myint F: Are we missing diagnostic opportunities in cases of carcinoid tumours of the appendix?Surgeon; 2008 Oct;6(5):266-72[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Are we missing diagnostic opportunities in cases of carcinoid tumours of the appendix?

OBJECTIVE: Carcinoidtumour of appendix is an uncommon condition that can potentially give rise to a variation in management.

We aimed to assess the occurrence and mode of presentation of carcinoidtumour of appendix, and any variation of its management.

Sixteen (0.82%) patients had carcinoid tumours.

The mean age of patients with carcinoidtumour (41.8 years) was significantly higher than those with non-carcinoid pathology (27.7 years) (p = 0.001).

The incidence of female patients was higher than the male amongst the carcinoidtumour group (female/male ratio 2.2).

None of the carcinoid tumours were identified at operation.

CONCLUSIONS: Carcinoidtumour of the appendix remains an incidental diagnosis.

Patients with carcinoids were significantly older than non-carcinoid conditions.

There was a trend of increased occurrence of carcinoids amongst the females.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Combined classical carcinoid and goblet cell carcinoid tumor: a new morphologic variant of carcinoid tumor of the appendix.

Carcinoidtumors are the most common neoplasms of the appendix.

Goblet cell carcinoid has been regarded as a distinctive tumor type, not related to classic carcinoids, and to our knowledge combinations of these 2 tumor types have not been described in detail.

In this report, we describe 5 cases of combined classical carcinoid and goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) tumors of the appendix.

The tumors (0.6 to 6.0 cm) were located in the mid-portion and the tip of the appendix.

All 5 appendicealtumors had microscopic features of both classical carcinoid and GCC, either intimately admixed or separate but closely apposed.

The extent of the 2 components varied, with classical carcinoid representing 60% to 90% of the tumor.

Both components stained for the general neuroendocrine markers, however, staining in the classic component was greater.

In view of the fact that these combined carcinoidtumors appear to behave more as goblet cell carcinoids, detailed microscopic examination of classical carcinoidtumors of the appendix is suggested and larger series with longer follow-up is required to ascertain the true biologic potential of this unique form of combined carcinoid tumor of the appendix.

The occurrence of both carcinoid types in the same appendices suggests a closer histogenetic relationship than previously believed, although the possibility that the 2 components represent separate, independent primaries ("collision tumors") can also be considered.

CgA levels were higher (approximately 2-4-fold) in NE appendicealcarcinoids than in adenocarcinoids, but in GI adenocarcinomas were identical to normal mucosa.

CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of CgA mRNA and protein in GI carcinoids can identify metastatic cells; thus, PCR for CgA can be used to identify micrometastases not evident by light microscopy or IHC as well as define tumors of ambivalent morphologic phenotype.

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(PMID = 18523911.001).

[ISSN] 1306-696X

[ISO-abbreviation] Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Turkey

39. Tang LH: Epithelial neoplasms of the appendix.Arch Pathol Lab Med; 2010 Nov;134(11):1612-20[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Epithelial neoplasms of the appendix.

CONTEXT: The appendix gives rise to an array of epithelial neoplasms showing glandular or neuroendocrine differentiation, and some tumors with elements of both cell types.

Although some appendiceal neoplasms resemble their counterparts in the small and large intestines (conventional adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumor), the appendix also gives rise to relatively unique entities including mucinous neoplasms and goblet cell carcinoidtumors, which present a challenge in pathologic classification and clinical management.

OBJECTIVE: To review clinical and diagnostic issues for 3 pathologic types of epithelial neoplasms of the appendix:.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Well-differentiated endocrine tumors (WDETs) of the appendix show characteristic morphologic features, including proliferation of cells with finely granulated eosinophilic cytoplasm.

We studied 13 appendiceal WDETs composed of clear cells, which showed an immunophenotype identical to that of conventional appendiceal WDETs.

Patient survival was excellent and equal to that of conventional appendiceal WDETs.

These neoplasms, which represent a lipid-rich variant of appendiceal WDETs, do not have different relevant clinical implications compared with conventional WDETs, but it is important to know of their existence for the differential diagnosis with more aggressive neoplasms, including goblet cell carcinoids and appendiceal metastases from clear cell carcinomas.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Although IBD frequently involves the appendix microscopically, it is uncertain whether it also predisposes to appendiceal neoplasia.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective case-control study of incidental appendiceal neoplasms in colectomy specimens of adults with and without IBD (cases and controls, respectively) based on surgical pathology records spanning 54 months.

To minimize referral bias, patients were excluded if they had preoperative clinical evidence or a principal pathologic diagnosis of appendiceal disease.

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(PMID = 16612458.001).

[ISSN] 1516-3180

[ISO-abbreviation] Sao Paulo Med J

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Brazil

46. Erbil Y, Barbaros U, Kapran Y, Yanik BT, Bozbora A, Ozarmağan S: Synchronous carcinoid tumour of the small intestine and appendix in the same patient.West Indian Med J; 2007 Mar;56(2):187-9[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Synchronous carcinoidtumour of the small intestine and appendix in the same patient.

Carcinoid tumours have been reported in a wide range of organs but most frequently involve the gastrointestinal tract.

Many of these carcinoid tumours are associated with metachronous and synchronous lesions of another histological type.

Primary carcinoid tumours of the different organ in the same patient is rare.

In this paper, the authors present a case with synchronous carcinoidtumour of the small intestine and appendix in the same patient.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Carcinoidtumors are slow-growing and usually become symptomatic late in the course of the disease.

We evaluated our 10-year experience in the management of GI carcinoidtumors.

The records of 133 patients with GI carcinoids were reviewed.

The rectum was the most common site for carcinoidtumors with an incidence of 30 per cent followed by jejunoileal at 29.3 per cent.

Other sites of carcinoidtumors were the appendix (8.3%), colon (8.3%), and duodenum (3.8%).

Endoscopy was the most helpful modality in diagnosing GI carcinoids.

CT was not helpful in preoperative diagnosis of carcinoid tumor.

Fifteen patients died in follow-up with eight deaths related to carcinoidtumors, in the small bowel (6), rectum (1), and colon (1).

Overall survival was 68.7 per cent and mortality rate was 19.5 per cent from carcinoidtumors.

Most of the deaths occurred in patients with carcinoid syndrome, synchronous malignancy, and malignant carcinoidtumors.

Screening colonoscopy, in addition to decreasing colorectal adenocarcinoma mortality, is useful in diagnosing carcinoidtumors at an earlier stage and in decreasing mortality from malignant colorectal carcinoidtumors.

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(PMID = 20698387.001).

[ISSN] 0003-1348

[Journal-full-title] The American surgeon

[ISO-abbreviation] Am Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

49. Louthan O: [Goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix].Vnitr Lek; 2009 Nov;55(11):1056-9[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Appendicealtumors exhibiting both neuroendocrine and glandular differentiation are uncommon and have caused difficulty in pathologic classification, prediction of prognosis, and clinical management.

In this study, we undertook a retrospective investigation of 63 such cases and classified them as typical GCC (group A) and adenocarcinoma ex GCC on the basis of the histologic features of the tumor at the primary site.

The clinical characteristics and prognosis were compared within these groups and with conventional de novo appendiceal adenocarcinomas.

Both groups A and B tumors shared a similar immunoprofile, which included generally focal immunoreactivity for neuroendocrine markers, and a normal intestinal type mucin glycoprotein profile (negative MUC1 expression and preserved MUC2 immunoreactivity).

The proliferative index was relatively low in these tumors and slightly increased from groups A to B tumors (11% to 16%).

Both beta-catenin and E-cadherin exhibited a normal membranous staining pattern in groups A and B tumors.

Although most patients (63%) with GCC presented at an advanced clinical stage, their clinical outcome could be differentiated by subclassification of tumors.

In conclusion, GCC is a distinctive appendiceal neoplasm that exhibits unique pathologic features and clinical behavior.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The immunoexpression of CK19 recently has been identified as a marker of poor prognosis in pancreatic endocrine tumors and hepatocellular carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to explore CK19 and CD99 immunostaining in mucin-producing neuroendocrine (goblet cell) and classical carcinoids of the appendix.

Eighteen goblet cell carcinoids (GCCs) and 20 classic carcinoids were stained with CK19, CD99, and Ki-67, and these results were correlated with known pathological features of aggression: extent of invasion, mitoses, necrosis, and histological pattern.

(PMID = 19610147.001).

[ISSN] 2219-2840

[Journal-full-title] World journal of gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] World J. Gastroenterol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2712907

56. Levy AD, Sobin LH: From the archives of the AFIP: Gastrointestinal carcinoids: imaging features with clinicopathologic comparison.Radiographics; 2007 Jan-Feb;27(1):237-57[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] From the archives of the AFIP: Gastrointestinal carcinoids: imaging features with clinicopathologic comparison.

Gastrointestinal carcinoids are well-differentiated endocrine neoplasms that belong to a diverse group of tumors that arise from cells of the diffuse endocrine system.

A wide variety of specialized endocrine cells that populate the gastrointestinal mucosa and submucosa give rise to carcinoids.

Consequently, carcinoids may occur throughout the gastrointestinal tract and produce a variety of hormones and protein products that are associated with specific clinical symptoms.

Biologic behavior of carcinoids varies by site and cell type, but all gastrointestinal carcinoids are considered to have malignant potential.

Metastatic carcinoids may produce carcinoid syndrome.

The small intestine is the most common location for gastrointestinal carcinoids.

Most small intestinal carcinoids arise from enterochromaffin cells of the distal ileum that produce serotonin.

Small intestinal carcinoids often have an aggressive biologic behavior and, as such, patients frequently have metastases to regional lymph nodes and the liver at initial presentation.

Pathologic and radiologic manifestations of serotonin-producing small intestinal carcinoids are related to local and regional effects of serotonin and its metabolites.

In contrast, carcinoids of the appendix and rectum are commonly discovered incidentally as small lesions that are unassociated with clinical evidence of hormone production and have a more indolent clinical course.

Carcinoids of the stomach, duodenum, and colon are uncommon but have distinctive clinical, pathologic, and radiologic appearances.

Knowledge of the diverse clinical, pathologic, and radiologic spectrum of gastrointestinal carcinoids is important in the imaging and management of patients with suspected carcinoids or focal gastrointestinal masses.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Tachykinins in endocrine tumors and the carcinoid syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: A new antibody, active against the common tachykinin (TK) C-terminal, was used to study TK expression in patients with endocrine tumors and a possible association between plasma-TK levels and symptoms of diarrhea and flush in patients with metastasizing ileocecal serotonin-producing carcinoidtumors (MSPCs).

METHOD: TK, serotonin and chromogranin A (CgA) immunoreactivity (IR) was studied by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from 33 midgut carcinoids and 72 other endocrine tumors.

Circulating TK (P-TK) and urinary-5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (U-5HIAA) concentrations were measured in 42 patients with MSPCs before treatment and related to symptoms in patients with the carcinoid syndrome.

TK-IR was also seen in all serotonin-producing lung and appendix carcinoids.

None of the other tumors examined contained TK-IR cells.

CONCLUSION: We found that TK synthesis occurs in serotonin-IR tumors and that P-TK levels are significantly correlated with symptoms of flush and diarrhea in patients with MSPCs.

This is, to our knowledge, the first report demonstrating an independent correlation of P-TKs with carcinoid diarrhea, a symptom that is customarily regarded as serotonin mediated.

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[Copyright] Copyright (c) 2008 ISUOG

(PMID = 18393270.001).

[ISSN] 1469-0705

[Journal-full-title] Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

59. Nikou GC, Lygidakis NJ, Toubanakis C, Pavlatos S, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Giannatou E, Mallas E, Safioleas M: Current diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal carcinoids in a series of 101 patients: the significance of serum chromogranin-A, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and somatostatin analogues.Hepatogastroenterology; 2005 May-Jun;52(63):731-41[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Current diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal carcinoids in a series of 101 patients: the significance of serum chromogranin-A, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and somatostatin analogues.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Carcinoids are relatively rare tumors that arise from neuroendocrine cells and have proved to be slow growing malignancies which involve many organs and most frequently the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Herein we present in this study 101 pts with carcinoidtumors that originated from the GI tract and pancreas.

The diagnosis was confirmed histologically in all cases, after surgical excision of the primary tumor or by biopsies taken during endoscopy.

All pts were evaluated several times per year with clinical, biochemical and imaging assessments, including neuroendocrine markers [urinary 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), serum Chromogranin-A (CgA)] and Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy (OCTREOSCAN).

RESULTS: Patients were referred to us with gastrointestinal symptoms or symptoms of the "carcinoid syndrome" (flushing, and diarrhea), depending mainly on the location of the primary tumors and the existence or not of metastases.

CgA and 5-HIAA levels were increased especially in metastatic tumors.

Localization of the primary tumors to facilitate surgery was made by many imaging techniques (US, CT, MRI, Enteroclysis, OCTREOSCAN) and endoscopic procedures.

Furthermore, it revealed the primary and the metastatic lesions in 16% and 33% of pts with carcinoids of the small intestine respectively, while other conventional imaging procedures (including MRI) were negative at the same time.

Seventy-four percent of the pts underwent a surgical resection of the primary tumor, while in 21%, an endoscopic polypectomy was performed.

All pts with metastatic tumors and positive OCTREOSCAN, were treated with Somatostatin analogues, which resulted in control of symptoms (75%), stabilization of tumor growth (71%) or tumor shrinkage (9%).

Pancreatic carcinoids and also those that originated from the proximal colon were found to have worst prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS: a) Tumor size (especially in appendiceal and gastric carcinoids) and, also, the dispersion of disease, highly predict the evolution of the patients;.

b) serum Chromogranin-A seems to be a very useful tumor marker for the diagnosis and follow-up of pts with GI carcinoids;.

c) the introduction of new imaging techniques and especially OCTREOSCAN contributes to a better localization of the primary tumors and their metastases, as well as, to the right decision of the appropriate medical treatment;.

d) surgical excision is the treatment of choice in nonmetastatic tumors; and e) in pts with metastatic disease, the administration of Somatostatin analogues improves their quality of life.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title]Carcinoid tumor of the appendix in childhood: the experience of two Italian institutions.

OBJECTIVES: Although rare, carcinoid tumor of the appendix is the most common neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract in children and adolescents.

The experience with 14 cases of carcinoid reported in the appendix is described.

METHODS AND RESULTS: In six patients the tumor measured 1 cm or less; only in one patient did it measure 2 cm.

In three patients the tumor measured between 1 and 2 cm and in four the size was not known.

All tumors were discovered by chance, and three patients underwent further surgery as a result of suspected involvement of the margins.

In our experience, both patients with local invasiveness and the patient with a tumor larger than 2 cm had good outcomes.

Ileocolectomy performed in the patient with a 2-cm tumor and in another two patients with smaller tumors did not demonstrate residual disease.

Although the need for right hemicolectomy still remains controversial for tumors measuring more than 2 cm, the approach may be nonaggressive in case of tumors invading the serosa and the periappendiceal fat.

Nonaggressive treatment has been suggested by some authors in cases of tumors larger than 2 cm; however, larger series need to be evaluated.

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(PMID = 16630495.001).

[ISSN] 0529-5807

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

65. Kaya M, Kanmaz T, Boleken ME, Yücesan S: Appendix carcinoid found incidentally during excision of a choledochal cyst: report of a case.Surg Today; 2005;35(5):418-20[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title]Appendixcarcinoid found incidentally during excision of a choledochal cyst: report of a case.

We report the case of a 13-year-old girl in whom an appendixcarcinoid was found incidentally during excision of a choledochal cyst.

Although incidental carcinoidtumors of the extrahepatic bile ducts have been reported, to the best of our knowledge this is the first published case of a choledochal cyst associated with an appendixcarcinoid.

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(PMID = 15864427.001).

[ISSN] 0941-1291

[Journal-full-title] Surgery today

[ISO-abbreviation] Surg. Today

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

66. Brustmann H: Myxoglobulosis of the appendix associated with a proximal carcinoid and a pseudodiverticulum.Ann Diagn Pathol; 2006 Jun;10(3):166-8[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Myxoglobulosis of the appendix associated with a proximal carcinoid and a pseudodiverticulum.

Intraoperatively, the appendix was enlarged and distended.

The lumen of the appendix was tightly filled with pearl-like globules, diagnostic of myxoglobulosis, a rare variant of mucocele of the appendix.

A carcinoid of 2.0 cm diameter was found in the proximal region of the appendix.

The appendiceal mucosa showed hyperplastic-adenomatous changes.

The latter may be an adjunct to the proximal partial obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by the carcinoid in the development of the spheroids of myxoglobulosis.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

A 60-year-old man presented with signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis and was found to have goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) of the appendix.

The patient had no evidence of appendiceal disease on a computed tomography study one and a half year before.

Due to the rarity of this tumor, previous case reports and series did not discuss the time course of the tumor's onset.

This case report also discusses relevant histopathological aspects of GCC as pertain to cross-sectional imaging findings and illustrates the importance of considering other types of appendiceal disease in the diagnosis of a patient presenting with acute appendicitis.

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[Title] [Bronchial and appendiceal carcinoidtumors].

[Transliterated title]Tumorcarcinoide bronquial y apendicular.

BACKGROUND: Carcinoid tumor (CT) is an unusual neoplasm observed in several locations and associated with the production of vasoactive substances and occasionally with carcinoid syndrome (flushing, diarrhea, wheezing).

Eight had CT of the appendix, of which 4 showed the typical clinical presentation of acute appendicitis.

Seven of these tumors were localized at the tip of the appendix and measured 2 cm or less.

In one patient, the tumor was located at the cecum and measured 3.5 cm.

In this patient, reoperation with ileocecal resection was performed.

None of the patients showed symptoms of carcinoid syndrome.

CONCLUSIONS: Typical symptoms of acute appendicitis were not observed in half of patients with CT of the appendix.

CT associated with carcinoid syndrome is exceptional in pediatric patients.

In most CT of the appendix, simple appendicectomy was associated with an excellent prognosis.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

It is most often secondary to lymphoid hyperplasia, however it can also result from obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by a mass.

Final pathology revealed four colonic adenocarcinoma; three mucinous tumors; one carcinoid; one endometrioma; and one patient had a combination of a mucinous cystadenoma, a carcinoid tumor, and endometriosis of the appendix.

Colonic and appendiceal neoplasia are not unusual etiologies of appendicitis.

(PMID = 16457403.001).

[ISSN] 0041-6193

[Journal-full-title] The Ulster medical journal

[ISO-abbreviation] Ulster Med J

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Northern Ireland

[Number-of-references] 13

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1891799

74. Louthan O: [Neuroendocrine tumours of the appendix].Vnitr Lek; 2009 Nov;55(11):1051-5[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Neuroendocrine tumours of the appendix].

According to WHO, neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix (appendicealcarcinoids) are defined as 1. well-differentiated endocrine tumors with benign or uncertain behavior, 2. well-differentiated endocrine carcinoma and 3. goblet cell carcinoma.

These tumors are usually diagnosed incidentally during appendectomy.

Carcinoid syndrome is rare in appendiceal carcinoid.

Tumor size greater than 2 cm is the most important parameter for prognosis.

Most patients are cured by appendectomy (appendicealtumors < or = 2 cm), tumors with a diameter > 2 cm should be managed by right hemicolectomy.

[MeSH-major]Appendiceal Neoplasms. Neuroendocrine Tumors

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We observed that some patients have peritoneal dissemination, which shows adenocarcinoma but lacks the neuroendocrine histology.

All resected specimens were individually submitted for histopathological examination and immunostaining with three neuroendocrine markers.

The loss of the neuroendocrinetumor type in peritoneal implants was referred to as discordant feature of the adenocarcinoid tumor.

RESULTS: In nine of the 26 patients (35%) with a primary adenocarcinoid of the appendix, a loss of the neuroendocrine immunochemical marker was noted in peritoneal implants.

Discordant histology between the primary appendiceal adenocarcinoid and the peritoneal implants was statistically significantly associated with an improved survival (p = 0.0262), when patients were treated by cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS: Discordant histology of the primary appendiceal tumor as compared to the peritoneal lesions occurs frequently in patients with adenocarcinoid.

An assessment of neuroendocrine markers in both primary and peritoneal lesions may help in the clinical assessment of this group of patients.

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(PMID = 19715134.001).

[ISSN] 0214-1221

[ISO-abbreviation] Cir Pediatr

[Language] spa

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Spain

[Number-of-references] 14

77. Hendi JM, Horton KM, Fishman EK: Somatostatinoma of the ampulla and appendical carcinoid in a patient with von Recklinghausen disease.J Comput Assist Tomogr; 2005 May-Jun;29(3):418-9[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Somatostatinoma of the ampulla and appendical carcinoid in a patient with von Recklinghausen disease.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Goblet cell carcinoidtumors of the appendix: An overview.

Goblet cell carcinoid is an enigmatic and rare tumor involving the appendix almost exclusively.

Various other names have been used for this entity such as adenocarcinoid, mucinous carcinoid, crypt cell carcinoma, and mucin-producing neuroendocrinetumor, although none have been found to be completely satisfactory or universally accepted.

The tumor is thought to arise from pluripotent intestinal epithelial crypt-base stem cells by dual neuroendocrine and mucinous differentiation.

The histologic hallmark of this entity is the presence of clusters of goblet cells in the lamina propria or submucosa stain for various neuroendocrine markers, though the intensity is often patchy.

Recently molecular studies have shown these tumors to lack the signatures of adenocarcinoma but they have some changes similar to that of ileal carcinoids (allelic loss of chromosome 11q, 16q and 18q).

The natural history of GCC is intermediate between carcinoids and adenocarcinomas of the appendix.

There is some debate about the surgical approach for these tumors, and a summary of published series and recommendations are provided.

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The so-called clear cell change has been described in neuroendocrine tumors at several locations.

However, lipid has not been demonstrated in all cases of clear cell carcinoidtumors.

Such variants have not been described in carcinoidtumors of the appendix and cases with a prominent proportion of clear or more correctly, lipid-rich cytoplasm may bear a superficial resemblance to goblet cell carcinoid and/or signet ring adenocarcinoma.

Seven cases, in 5 females and 2 males ranging in age from 22 to 65 years, were noted to have a population of lipid-rich and vacuolated clear cells accounting for 25% or more of the tumor population.

The carcinoidtumors were incidental in all cases with 4 of patients presenting with appendicitis, 2 with concomitant mucinous cystadenocarcinomas of the appendix and 1 with an adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon.

Morphologically, the tumors had a nested and trabecular pattern and were composed of an admixture of microvesicular and clear lipid-rich cells.

The importance of recognizing this variant of carcinoid tumor in the appendix is to avoid confusion with goblet cell carcinoidtumors with or without a signet ring adenocarcinoma.

The presence of multi-vacuolated, foamy and clear cells, some resembling signet ring or goblet cells, in otherwise classic carcinoidtumors is rare but should be considered in this context in the appendix.

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(PMID = 19387658.001).

[ISSN] 1432-1262

[Journal-full-title] International journal of colorectal disease

[ISO-abbreviation] Int J Colorectal Dis

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Letter

[Publication-country] Germany

83. West NE, Wise PE, Herline AJ, Muldoon RL, Chopp WV, Schwartz DA: Carcinoid tumors are 15 times more common in patients with Crohn's disease.Inflamm Bowel Dis; 2007 Sep;13(9):1129-34[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title]Carcinoidtumors are 15 times more common in patients with Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND: The coexistence of intestinal neoplasms with Crohn's disease (CD) has been reported, but the evidence of an increased risk of carcinoid tumor with Crohn's disease has been mixed.

We present 4 patients with CD with associated carcinoid tumor.

The number of incidental carcinoidtumors in patients who underwent an appendectomy was used as a control.

RESULTS: Four cases of carcinoid tumor discovered in patients at resection for CD were identified.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title]Carcinoidtumors of the appendix. Prognostic factors and evaluation of indications for right hemicolectomy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Carcinoidtumors of the appendix are thought to be the most common type of appendiceal neoplasms.

Although the vast majority of appendicealcarcinoids behave in a benign fashion, they are considered malignant because they all have the potential for invasion, metastasis and production of physiologically active substances.

RESULTS: The most common site for the tumors was the tip of the appendix (18/22).

In sixteen patients the tumor size was less than 1cm, in seven patients the tumor diameter was measured to be 1 to 2cm and in one patient the tumor was 3cm.

Most of our patients (16/22) underwent only an appendicectomy, while in the rest of them (in the patients with tumor size between 1-2cm and in the patient with invasion of mesoappendix) a right hemicolectomy was performed.

CONCLUSIONS: Carcinoidtumors of the appendix, in most cases, are found incidentally during appendicectomies, especially in young females and usually are less than 1cm in size, which is probably the reason of the absence of metastases in all cases.

Histological examination and size of the tumor are important factors that contribute to the selection of the surgical treatment and both must be estimated by the surgeons to make the final choice.

Elevated CgA transcript and protein levels indicative of a carcinoid tumor were identified in one acute appendicitis sample with no histologic evidence of a tumor.

CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that malignant APCs and goblet cell adenocarcinoids have elevated expression of NAP1L1, MAGE-D2, and MTA1 compared with appendicealcarcinoids identified at surgery for appendicitis.

This and the differences in NALP1 gene expression (decreased in goblet cell adenocarcinoids) provide a series of molecular signatures that differentiate carcinoids of the appendix.

CgA identified all appendicealtumors as well as covert lesions, which may be more prevalent than previously recognized.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] The significance of occult carcinoids in the era of laparoscopic appendectomies.

BACKGROUND: We present data acquired in our institution about the incidence of incidental appendicealcarcinoids over a period of 16 years.

The possibility of occult carcinoids raises the question of appendectomy of a noninflamed appendix during diagnostic laparoscopy for suspected appendicitis.

Outcome measures were the incidence of incidental carcinoids of the appendix found during appendectomies and whether the introduction of laparoscopic appendectomy should alter the surgical management of a normal-appearing appendix.

RESULTS: A total of 20 carcinoid appendices were resected by open surgery and 17 by laparoscopy.

The diagnosis of a carcinoid tumor was not suspected in any patient before the operation, nor was a tumor identified at the time of the operation.

In 6 (16%) patients the appendix appeared normal at the time of the operation.

CONCLUSIONS: It has long been the standard of care to remove any appendix found in laparotomy for suspected appendicitis, but it is not clear what should be done during laparoscopy for suspected appendicitis when the appendix appears normal.

Endocrine tumors (ET) of the digestive tract (formerly called neuroendocrine tumors) are rare.

They are classified into two principal types: gastrointestinal ET's (formerly called carcinoidtumors) which are the most common, and pancreaticoduodenal ET's.

The surgical goals are to: 1. prolong survival by resecting the primary tumor and any nodal or hepatic metastases, 2. control the symptoms related to hormonal secretion, 3. prevent or treat local complications.

The most common sites of gastrointestinal ET's ( carcinoids) are the appendix and the rectum; these are often small (<1 cm), benign, and discovered fortuitously at the time of appendectomy or colonoscopic removal.

The carcinoid syndrome (consisting of abdominal pain, flushing, diarrhea, hypertension, bronchospasm, and right sided cardiac vegetations) is caused by the hypersecretion of serotonin into the systemic circulation; it occurs in 10% of cases and is usually associated with hepatic metastases.

Insulinoma and gastrinoma (cause of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) are the most common functional ET's. 80% are sporadic; in these cases, tumor size, location, and malignant potential determine the type of resection which may vary from a simple enucleation to a formal pancreatectomy.

For gastrinoma with NEM-I, the benefit of surgical resection for tumors less than 2-3 cm in size is not clear.

Further advancements in treatment with tumor-targeted therapy and biochemical evaluation of carcinoids have shown promise.

SUMMARY: The recent progress with scintigraphic and radiologic modalities has provided better means for diagnosis of primary and metastatic carcinoidtumors.

These newly discovered diagnostic modalities have been more encouraging than the recent treatment approaches that have been studied with regard to metastatic carcinoids.

While surgery remains the mainstay of treatment of nonmetastatic carcinoid, there have been studies for various medical treatments of metastatic disease.

Unfortunately, there have been disappointing results with regard to improvement of tumor response and patient survival, but a foundation has been established for future trials employing alternative agents and exploration of combination therapies.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Association of DNA methylation and epigenetic inactivation of RASSF1A and beta-catenin with metastasis in small bowel carcinoidtumors.

We analyzed promoter methylation of RASSF1A, CTNNB1, CDH1, LAMB3, LAMC2, RUNX3, NORE1A, and CAV1 using methylation-specific PCR in 33 cases of small bowel carcinoid with both matched primary and metastatic tumors.

The methylation status of RASSF1A and CTNNB1 were also determined in six primary appendiceal carcinoidtumors.

Two neuroendocrine cell lines, NCI-H727 and HTB-119, were analyzed for promoter methylation.

Immunohistochemical analyses for RASSF1A and beta-catenin were performed in 28 matched primary and metastatic tumors.

RASSF1A and CTNNB1 were unmethylated in appendicealcarcinoids.

Methylation of RASSF1A and CTNNB1 promoters was more frequent in metastatic compared to primary tumors (p = 0.013 and 0.004, respectively).

These results suggest that increased methylation of RASSF1A and CTNNB1 may play important roles in progression and metastasis of small bowel carcinoidtumors.

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

93. Terada T: Non-invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Vermiform Appendix: Incidence and Report of Four Cases among 512 Appendectomies.Gastroenterology Res; 2009 Aug;2(4):238-241[Fulltext service] Download fulltext PDF of this article and others, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Non-invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Vermiform Appendix: Incidence and Report of Four Cases among 512 Appendectomies.

: Tumors of the vermiform appendix are relatively rare.

More than 50% of appendicealtumors are carcinoidtumors.

The author reviewed 512 consecutive pathological specimens of appendectomies in last ten years in our pathology laboratory in search for appendicealtumors.

No other tumors including carcinoidtumors were recognized.

The results suggest that incidence of appendiceal adenocarcinoma was 0.8% of all appendectomies, and that non-invasive adenocarcinoma of the appendix shows variable morphologies, and that postoperative clinical outcome of non-invasive appendiceal tumor is good.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

METHODS: We reviewed cases of 42 patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy or laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy followed by appendectomy, performed by applying a stapler and removing the appendix transvaginally.

By using a small-diameter laparoscope, the appendix was mobilized, especially in patients with adhesions, endometriosis, or retrocecal appendix, to facilitate transvaginal access with the stapler.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

BACKGROUND: Carcinoid tumor is the most common tumorof appendix with overall good prognosis.

CASE REPORT: We here report the coexistence of carcinoid tumorof appendix and ileal endometriosis in a 37-year-old nulliparous woman who came to the emergency room with right lower abdominal pain mimicking acute appendicitis.

With preoperative suspicion of acute appendicitis, laparatomy was performed and revealed apparently normal looking appendix, along with a nodule in the terminal ileum.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Application of light microscopical and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry in the study of goblet cell carcinoid in the appendix.

BACKGROUND: Goblet cell carcinoids appear less frequently in the appendix than do other carcinoids.

In the presented work a case with a goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix is described.

METHODS: Routine histological and histochemical methods were employed, with a combination of histochemistry and immunohistochemistry on one section and light and electron microscopical immunohistochemisty on paraffin-embedded material, were applied to identify the type of the carcinoid and to reveal the fine structure of cell types in the tumour nests of the appendix.

RESULTS: During the biopsy of a patient who had undergone appendectomy, an infiltration with clusters of goblet cells in the submucosa of the appendix was found.

The ultrastructural immunohistochemistry showed that chromogranin A-positive cells had discoid and pleomorphic granules and were located in tumour nests or as single cells in the appendiceal wall.

CONCLUSION: The combined histochemical and immunohistochemical procedure and the ultrastructural immunohistochemistry on archival material could contribute in clarifying the diagnosis of goblet cell carcinoid.

Goblet cell carcinoids were significantly different from the control groups.

The most important markers for discriminating between the groups were CEA (classical carcinoid versus all others), KRas mutation (present in all mucinous cystadeno (carcino)mas), beta-catenin (goblet cell carcinoid versus left sided colonic adenocarcinoma) and chromogranin (goblet cell carcinoid versus right sided colonic adenocarcinoma).

Expression of Math1 and HD5 was similar in goblet cell carcinoid and colonic adenocarcinoma but absent in classical carcinoid.

CONCLUSION: The results suggest that goblet cell carcinoids should be regarded as a separate entity.

The formerly used term 'crypt cell carcinoma' may be more appropriate because it reflects the more aggressive clinical behaviour of these tumours as well as their greater similarity to adenocarcinomas rather than to carcinoids.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Carcinoidtumors of the appendix: when right colectomy?].

Three cases of carcinoidtumour of the appendix (about 0,3 % of all performed appendectomies) has induced the Authors to a review of the literature with the aim to underline the most important biological and pathological findings and the current clinic and therapeutic knowledges.

The kind of surgical intervention, that is the entity of the surgical demolition, for the treatment of the carcinoid tumours of the appendix is still controversial: appendectomy or right colectomy?

It is possible identify, also during the operation for an appendicitis or for other abdominal lesions, criteria that can orient toward a major surgery (size of the neoplasia, subserosal lymphatic invasion, infiltration of the serosa, diffusion in the meso-appendix, location in closeness of the base of the appendix, invasion of the the locoregional lymph nodes, presence of metastases, section ?margins, number of mitoses, cellular pleiomorfism).