Mid 20th Century

This includes the early 1940s, late 1940s,
early 1950s, and late 1950s.

The US entered World War II and emerged
undamaged and victorious as one of two superpowers. It then engaged in a "Cold
War" with the USSR. France was defeated and divided in World War II, but
reunited afterwards under the Fourth Republic. Spain was ruled by Francisco
Franco and was neutral in World War II. Manuel Avila, Miguel Aleman, Adolfo
Ruiz, and Adolfo Lopez presided over Mexico. Colombia was affected by World War
II, after which a period of civil strife known as "La Violencia" occured. There
were multiple elections, coups, and changes of government in Venezuela. There
were various governments and political parties in Peru. Italy was allied with
Germany and defeated in World War II, but began to recover under liberal
policies administered by the victors. Germany was defeated in World War II and
divided into East and West Gemany during the Cold War. The Netherlands were
invaded and defeated by Germany during World War II, and allied with the United
States in the Cold War afterwards. The USSR was invaded by Germany in World War
II, but after Germany was defeated, it emerged as a second superpower and led
the Soviet bloc of nations in the Cold war.

In Egypt, a revolution in 1952 let to a
nationalist military government under Nasser. Turkey joined the Allies in the
late stages of World War II and subsequently was allied with the US. The
Pahlavis ruled Persia. Algeria was considered a department of France during WW
II. An independence movement from the French began about 1954. Saudi Arabia
began to prosper from the sale of oil.

India gained independence. Pakistan was
granted independence in 1947. Bangladesh was created as part of Pakistan, East
Pakistan, in 1947. King Tribhuvan of Nepal gained political power when the Rana
dynasty of Prime Ministers lost power, and ruled until 1955 when he was
succeeded by Bihendra.

Communists won the civil war in China and
established the People' Republic of China. Japan was defeated in World War II
and occupied by the US. The emperor renounced a claim of divinity and all
political power, and a parliamentary democracy was established. Korea was at
first occupied by Japan, but was divided into North Korea and South Korea
following the Korean war.

Vietnam was invaded by Japan in WW II.
Following the war, the French were defeated and the country was divided between
North Vietnam and South Vietnam. Thailand was nominally an ally of Japan in
World War II, but there was a resistance movement and the nation allied with
the US afterwards. Burma was invaded by Japan in World War II, but was granted
independence by Britain following the end of the war. Malaya was invded by the
Japanese in World War II, and afterwards reorganized in 1946 as the Malayan
Union and in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya. The major part became
independent as Malaya in 1957. Indonesia gained its political independence. The
Philippines were invaded and occupied by Japan in World War II, but reoccupied
by the US, and shortly thereafter (in 1946) granted independence.

Nigeria gained increasing self government
from Britain and independence in 1960. Ghana declared independence from Britain
in 1957. Niger was granted independence from France in 1958. Upper Volta was
granted independence in 1960. Tanganyika and Zanzibar were ruled by the
British. Kenya was ruled by the British. It gained independence in 1960. Congo
DR gained independence in 1960. Angola was ruled as a colony of Portugal. The
British ruled South Africa as a colony. Mozambique was ruled as a colony of
Portugal. Nyasaland was under British rule and was associated with Rhodesia as
part of British Central Africa. Zambia was governed by the British as Northern
Rhodesia.

Other periods of history including
prehistory, antiquity, classical and medieval history, other modern history including the 16th
century, 17th century, 18th century, 19th century, and other 20th century; and
the future can be used to examine the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and
late 1950s.

Peoples of
the world including nations and major groups of Western Civilization,
Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be connected.
Communities and social mechanics can be used to examine the early 1940s, late
1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s.

Abrahamic religion including Christianity,
Islam, and Judaism can be connected.
Christianity including
early Christianity, Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy, and Mormonism can be
connected. Islam can be connected.
Judaism can be
connected.

Asian religion including Indian
religion, East Asian religion, and Persian religion can be connected.
Pagan religion including European
pagan religion, Asian pagan religion, African pagan religion, American Indian
religion, and neopagan religion can be connected.

Particular government including international
government, national government, and local government can be connected.

International government
including colonial empires and traditional empires can be connected.
Modern compacts including
world government, regional organizations, special purpose organizations, and
temporary alliances can be connected.

Government structure including
government forms, executive systems, legislative systems, judicial systems, and
political parties and interest groups can be connected.
Law including international law,
Western law, Asian law, and tribal law can be connected.

Industries including social and
medical services, commercial and financial industries, communications
industries, transportation industries, building related industries,
manufacturing and extraction industries, and food and agricultural industries
can be connected. Economic
activity including consumption, distribution and exchange, and production
can be connected.

Behavioral culture including cultural events,
recreation and entertainment, occupations, and customs can be used to examine
the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s.

Cultural events including
holidays, disasters, expeditions, awards, gatherings, and performances can be
connected. Recreation and
entertainment including sports, games, theater, dance, and music can be
connected. Occupations including
service occupations, industrial occupations, communication occupations,
transportation occupations, building occupations, and food-related occupations
can be connected. Customs
including institutional customs, social interaction customs, clothing and dress
customs, living and dwelling customs, and vital customs can be
connected.

Conceptual culture including philosophy,
applied science, mathematics, liteature, graphic arts, and language can be used
to examine the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s.

Philosophy including
philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, aesthetics, ethics,
metaphysics, epistemology, and logic can be connected.
Applied science including
applied social science, medical science, information science, accounting,
navigation, engineering science, and measurement can be connected.
Mathematics including mathematical
rigorization, statistics, geometry, analysis, algebra, and arithmetic can be
connected. Literature
including particular works, literary types and genres, literary forms, and oral
tradition can be connected. Graphic arts including
animation, photography, printmaking, painting, and drawing can be connected.
Language including languages
of the world, writing, and linguistics can be connected.

Material culture including miscellaneous
artifacts, communications technology, transportationtechnology, clothing and
dress, building technology, and indutrial technology can be
connected.

Miscellaneous artifacts including
sculpture, musical instruments, toys, and medicines can be connected.
Communications technology
including electronic communication, graphic communication, and written
communication can be connected. Transportation technology space
technology, air transportation, water transportation, land transportation, and
packaging can be connected. Clothing
and dress including garments, adornment, and fabrics can be connected.
Foodstuffs including prepared
foods, preserved and processed foods, and raw foodstuffs can be connected.
Building technology including
outdoor structures, complete buildings, building components, furnishings, and
materials can be connected. Industrial technology including
advanced technology, utilities, weaponry, machinery, chemical technology,
fuels, and tools can be connected.

Anthropology including particular groups,
human geography, human ecology, physical anthropology, demography, and social
foundations can be used to examine the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s,
and late 1950s.

Human geography including Asian geography,
European geography, African geography, North American geography, South American
geography, and Oceanic geography can be connected.

Asian geography including Southwest
Asian geography, South Asian geography, Central Asian geography, North Asian
geography, East Asian geography, and Southeast Asian geography can be
connected. European geography
including Balkan geography, Eastern European geography, Central European
geography, Italian geography, Northwest European geography, Iberian geography,
Scandinavian geography, and Island European geography can be connected.
African geography including
North African geography, West African geography, North Central African
geography, South Central African geography, East African geography, and South
African geography can be connected.
North American geography
including Northeastern American geography, Northwestern American geography, and
Southwestern American geography can be connected.
South American geography
including Amazon geography, Andean geography, and Argentine geography can be
connected. Oceanic geography
including Australian geography, Pacific Island geography, and Antarctic
geography can be connected.

Physical anthropology including human
dispersion, racial variation, and human origins can be connected.

Human
dispersion can be connected. Racial
variation can be connected. Human
origins can be connected. More remains recognized as Australopithecus were
found in Tanzania and South Africa. Specimens classified as Homo habilis were
first found in Africa in the 1950s.

Biohistory including Precambrian,
Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic life can be connected.
Ecology including biogeography,
ecosystems, evolution, system ecology, community ecology, population ecology,
and behavioral ecology can be connected.
Systematics including
the study of animals, fungi, plants, protists, and microbes can be connected.
Organism biology including
behavior, life cycle, morphology and form, organ systems, tissues, and habitat
can be connected. Cell biology
including cell types, behavior, and structure can be connected.
Molecular biology including
nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, other organics, and inorganics
can be connected.

Geohistory including
Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic periods can be connected.
Physical geography including
mapping, oceanic geography, and terrestrial geography can be connected.
Atmospheric science including
climatology, meteorology, and atmospheric structure can be connected.
Hydrospheric science
including oceanography, glaciology, groundwater, and fresh water can be
connected. Geology including
interior geology, geologic processes, landforms, petrology, and mineralogy can
be connected.

Astronomy including galactic astronomy,
stellar astronomy, and local astronomy can be connected.

Galactic astronomy including
cosmology, galactic types, and galactography can be connected.Stellar astronomy including
astronomy of stars including astrocartography, star groupings, stars,
exoplanets, and the interstellar medium can be connected.
Local astronomy including
the Sun, planetary systems, minor bodies, and the interplanetary medium can be
connected.

Chemistry including chemical systems,
chemical change, and chemical substances can be connected.

Chemical systems including
organic, inorganic, gas, liquid, and solid chemistry can be connected.
Chemical change including
nuclear reactions, chemical reactions, and physical changes can be connected.
Chemical substances
including mixtures, compounds, and elements can be connected.

Physics including the structure of matter,
quantum physics, relativity, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics
can be connected.

The
structure of matter
including exotic matter, common bulk matter, molecular physics, atomic physics,
and subatomic physics can be connected.Quantum physics can be connected.
Relativity including general
relativity and special relativity can be connected.
Electromagnetism
including optics, magnetism, electric current, and electrostatics can be
connected. Thermodynamics including
statistical mechanics, nonclassical thermodynamics, and classical
thermodynamics can be connected. Mechanics including gravitation
and celestial mechanics, general mechanics, rigid body mechanics, and particle
mechanics can be connected.