NEW YORK – Tesla Inc. named Robyn Denholm as its new chairman, replacing Chief Executive Elon Musk as the head of the board with a relative outsider who will face the difficult task of overseeing the maverick billionaire.

Denholm, the chief financial officer of Australian telecommunications company Telstra Corp., has served on Tesla’s board since 2014 but has fewer ties to Musk than most of the company’s directors. The companies said she would be leaving her CFO role at Telstra in May and until then relinquish her role as chair of Tesla’s audit committee.

The announcement late Wednesday comes ahead of a Nov. 13 deadline that was part of Musk’s settlement with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission to end claims he misled investors.

That deal required Musk to step aside as head of the board for three years in favor of an independent chairman.

Installing Denholm, who is 55 years old, as chairman puts another leader at the top of Tesla for the first time since its earliest days when Musk was named chairman in 2004 after becoming the largest investor.

Musk, who has also held the title of chief product architect, has run Tesla almost as an extension of himself, spearheading parts of the business as varied as strategy and marketing, and engineering while immersing himself in the smallest of production details. He remains CEO.

The decision thrusts into one of the brightest spotlights in American business a woman who is little known in the US but has extensive experience as a finance executive in Silicon Valley and her native Australia.

As a Tesla board member, Denholm has provided some rare automotive experience to a company that prides itself on being an industry outsider.

She spent seven years at Toyota Motor Corp. in Australia, where she was a senior financial manager.

Her career blossomed in the tech industry. She held various roles at Sun Microsystems before getting hired at Juniper Networks Inc. in 2007.

She left as chief financial officer and operations officer in 2016 and in 2017 joined Telstra, where she was initially chief operations officer. She became CFO this year.

Enthusiasm for Musk’s vision of the future, including electric cars that drive themselves, has helped push Tesla’s market value to rival General Motors Co., even though Tesla has never turned an annual profit and sells a fraction of the cars.

Tesla’s growth has been, in large part, fueled by its continued access to capital – either through issuing new shares or taking on new debt.

A Tesla without Musk would likely have a harder time raising funds, analysts have said.

That creates a challenging situation for the Tesla board and Denholm.

They have to manage Musk while allowing him to operate in the unconventional way that has enabled its success.

Tesla acknowledges as much in its filings with the SEC, noting the company is “highly dependent on the services” of Musk.

The dispute with the SEC stemmed from Musk’s Aug. 7 tweets in which he raised the idea of taking Tesla private and said he had secured funding for a deal at $420 a share. Shares initially soared with the unexpected news only to later plummet as it became clear over ensuing days that Musk didn’t have a finalized plan.

The SEC alleged that Musk didn’t have funding locked down and accused him of picking that price – a reference to marijuana – to impress his girlfriend.

The Sept. 29 settlement with the SEC, in which Musk neither admitted nor denied wrongdoing, required him and Tesla each to pay $20 million in fines.

It also required Tesla to add two new independent board members and establish a system to oversee Musk’s public statements. Tesla has until the end of December to meet those requirements.

Musk was allowed to remain as Tesla CEO and stay on Tesla’s board.

Musk’s tweet about going private triggered gyrations in Tesla’s stock price and sparked a crisis for the board.

A week afterward, it appointed a special committee to evaluate a possible deal, composed of Denholm and two other directors.

The committee hired advisers but was dissolved when Musk reversed course later in August.

It is unclear if the loss of the chairman role will change Musk’s behavior. Musk, famous for his lack of restraint on Twitter, has seemed to make light of the issue.

On Oct. 30, he tweeted that he had deleted his titles and would go by “the Nothing of Tesla,” before adding in another message that the company was legally required to have some titles and suggested he would go by president.

Days later, the company filed paperwork with the SEC that continued to call him CEO.

That tweet was part of a series of statements since the SEC settlement that seemed to poke fun at it without crossing a line to anger the agency into taking new action.

On Oct. 4, he appeared to mock the SEC in a tweet labeling the agency as the “Shortseller Enrichment Commission,” a reference to his feud with investors who are betting against Tesla.

Tesla’s board has come under criticism from some investors and advocates for a perceived lack of independence because most of the directors have close business or personal relationships with Musk. One is his brother, Kimbal Musk.

Shareholder advocates have challenged Tesla’s board, with little success. Earlier this year shareholders rejected a push to vote off Kimbal Musk, longtime investor Antonio Gracias and media executive James Murdoch, who was painted as lacking manufacturing qualifications.

Murdoch, the CEO of 21st Century Fox, was widely speculated to be a leading candidate to take over the chairman role.

Musk struck down those reports in a tweet last month. (21st Century Fox and News Corp, parent company of The Wall Street Journal, share common ownership.)

Murdoch joined Tesla’s board last year along with Linda Johnson Rice, CEO of Johnson Publishing Co., after shareholders including the California State Teachers’ Retirement System pressured the company to add two independent directors.

Denholm began her career as an auditor at Arthur Andersen in Australia in the 1980s before joining Toyota in 1989.

There, she handled a number of financial-management roles as Toyota began adding larger and more luxurious vehicles to its lineup.

She then spent some two decades at Silicon Valley tech companies Sun Microsystems and Juniper Networks.

In recent years, Australia has become a proving ground for US automotive executives.

General Motors Co.’s top product executive, Mark Reuss, ran operations there before returning to the US for increased responsibilities.

The combination of local manufacturing and sales operations gives executives unique hands-on experience as well as experience dealing with currency fluctuations.

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