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home help with excel online excel training learn pivot tables now... search not just numbers loading... tuesday, 9 august 2016 excel tip: using logic in excel logic (particularly boolean logic) plays a huge rule in computer programming and circuitry, but is also very useful in excel. it is fundamental to the if statement which in itself is such an important tool in excel, but has many other roles. essentially, when we talk about logic in this context, we are talking about expressions that can either be true or false, e.g. a1=100 b5<=34 c2="yes" you can simply type the expression as a formula in a cell putting an "=" in front of it, so if you enter: =a1=100 into, say, cell b1, then cell b1 will show the word true if a1 is 100 and the word false otherwise. as mentioned earlier, one of the more common places to use these expressions is in an if statement, which works as follows: =if(expression,value to return if expression is true,value to return if expression is false) e.g. =if(a1=100,"yes","no") will return yes if a1 is 100 and no if not. some logical functions there are a few logical functions which extend the possibilities, in particular we will look at not, and and or. not reverses the result of a logical expression. if =a1=100 returns true, then =not(a1=100) returns false, and vice versa. and allows you to list multiple expressions and returns true only if all of the expressions would individually return true. otherwise it returns false. or works the same but returns true if any of the expressions are true. e.g. =and(a1=100,b5<=34,c2="yes") will only return true, if all three of those statements are true. whereas: =or(a1=100,b5<=34,c2="yes") will return true if any of the three conditions are true. by using this type of logical expression, particularly within an if statement, or a conditional formatting condition, we can control how a spreadsheet both looks and calculates based upon the content of cells. if you enjoyed this post, go to the top of the blog, where you can subscribe for regular updates and get two freebies "the 5 excel features that you need to know" and "30 chants for better charts". posted by glen feechan at 03:00 3 comments: email thisblogthis!share to twittershare to facebookshare to pinterest labels: excel tuesday, 5 july 2016 excel tip: ranking numbers in excel before i start, a couple of announcements. first of all, please accept my apologies for the time between posts. a combination of workload and a family bereavement have slowed me down somewhat! secondly, if any of you will be in and around london tomorrow (wednesday) night, the icaew are launching their spreadsheet competency framework, with some top speakers from the world of excel. this document (as suggested by its name) is intended to provide a framework to assess spreadsheet competency, and was developed by the institute's excel community advisory committee, of which i am a member. the event is free to attend, and further details can be found at: http://www.icaew.com/en/technical/information-technology/it-faculty/it-faculty-events i hope to see you there. right...on with the post. there are many reasons, you might want to rank a list of numbers in excel. one i do quite often, is produce a league table. by calculating the ranking of a number and then using lookups to populate a table in rank order, we can easily produce a league table, like the example below: the first rank column is the one we are trying to populate here. in excel 2010 onwards we will use the rank.eq function, which replaces the rank function in excel 2007 and before. both functions work exactly the same, and both exist in excel 2010 to 2016, at least. if you know you may have users using excel 2007 or earlier, use the rank function - otherwise use rank.eq to future-proof your spreadsheet. the rank.eq (or indeed the rank) function's syntax is as follows: =rank.eq(number,ref,[order]) where: number is the number we want to know the rank of ref is the whole range of numbers order is an optional argument, which determines the order that the numbers should be ranked in. if this argument is zero, or omitted, the numbers are ranked in descending order (the largest number is ranked 1), whereas if this is 1 (or any non-zero value), the numbers are ranked in ascending order. where two numbers in the range are the same, they are both given the highest rank (when using the rank.eq function - there is a similar rank.avg function that gives them their average rank). in our example the numbers 30,45,97, etc. are in the range b3:b12, so we would use the rank.eq function in cells c3:c12. in cell c3, we would enter: =rank.eq($b3,$b$3:$b$12) notice that we have fixed all of the references (using the dollar signs) on the b3:b12 range, to ensure that this range stays fixed when we copy it down, but just the column on the b3 reference so that the row (and the number we rank) changes as we copy down. if we use this function as it is, we will run into a problem, though. as there are two number 24s in our range, we get the following: notice that both 24s are ranked 8 (the highest rank), which means there is no rank 9 - hence our error in the league table when we try to look up 9. we need each rank to be unique for our league table to work. we will need to use another formula to address this, and we can use countifs to count how many instances have occurred so far in the list.and if this is greater than 1, to add the difference to the rank. our formula becomes: =rank.eq($b3,$b$3:$b$12)+countifs($b$3:$b3,$b3)-1 notice that in the criteria range b3:b3, i have fixed the row on the start of the range and left it flexible on the end, so when our formula is copied down, we are always counting the instances from the top of the column to the current row. by the end of the range, our formula is: =rank.eq($b12,$b$3:$b$12)+countifs($b$3:$b12,$b12)-1 on the first 24, our rank.eq function returns 8 as before, and our countifs counts that there is 1 24 so far, so: 8+1-1 = 8 on the second 24, our rank.eq function again returns 8, but our countifs now counts that there are two 24s so far, so: 8+2-1 = 9 thereby giving us the result we required: the league table was created by entering the numbers 1 to 10 in the first column and using index and match to return the number at that rank from the first table. the index/match function on the first row (row 3) was: =index($b$3:$b$12,match($e3,$c$3:$c$12,0)) if you did not understand the countifs or index/match functions, please visit these earlier posts: excel tip: counting items that meet certain criteria excel tip: index and match - an alternative to vlookup (and hlookup) if you enjoyed this post, go to the top of the blog, where you can subscribe for regular updates and get two freebies "the 5 excel features that you need to know" and "30 chants for better charts". posted by glen feechan at 03:00 2 comments: email thisblogthis!share to twittershare to facebookshare to pinterest labels: excel tuesday, 10 may 2016 excel tip: adding up columns based on multiple criteria (the sumifs function) before getting into today's post i want to point you to an excellent free webinar being offered (for a limited time) by mynda treacy, entitled "creating excel dashboards". mynda is a real expert on excel dashboards and her training materials are always excellent. you can register for the webinar here. i realised the other day that i had never covered one of my most used functions on this blog - sumifs. i have covered its predecessor, sumif, as sumifs has only been available since excel 2007. although sumif is still available in later versions of excel for compatibility purposes, it is essentially redundant, as sumifs does the same thing, plus a lot more. let us look at an example of some sales data (see left). say we want to know how much mary's sales were, or how much sarah sold in the east region, or even how much ben sold in the north region in the month of january. sumifs can do all of these. the syntax for sumifs is as follows: =sumifs(sumrange,criteriarange1,criteria1,[criteriarange2],[criteria2].....) you can have as many pairs of criteriarange and criteria as you need. the function works as follows: sum sumrange where criteriarange1 = criteria1 and criteriarange2 = criteria2 etc. for however many criteria you have. for all of the examples above the sumrange will be d2:d21, as this is the range we want to sum, subject to our criteria. we will look at how we construct the rest of the formula for each of our examples above. how much did mary sell? here we only have one criteria: criteriarange1 = c2:c21 criteria1 = "mary" =sumifs(d2:d21,c2:c21,"mary") returns £16,853. how much did sarah sell in the east region? this time we have two criteria: criteriarange1 = c2:c21 criteria1 = "sarah" criteriarange2 = b2:b21 criteria2 = "east" =sumifs(d2:d21,c2:c21,"sarah",b2:b21,"east") returns £1,085. how much did ben sell in the north region in the month of january? this time we actually have four criteria: criteriarange1 = c2:c21 criteria1 = "ben" criteriarange2 = b2:b21 criteria2 = "north" criteriarange3 = a2:a21 criteria3 = ">="&date(2016,1,1) criteriarange4 = a2:a21 criteria4 = "<="&date(2016,1,31) there are two elements to these last two criteria that need further explanation. the first is that if our criteria is anything other than equals, we need to include the criteria in inverted commas, for example ">23", or "<=15", to make it a string. if rather than 23, we wished to refer to a cell (say g5) we can use the ampersand (&) to join two strings together, e.g. ">"&g5. the second is that if we wish to refer to a date directly, we need to refer its sequential number which we can calculate using the date function. the three arguments for the date function are year, month and day, so to get the date sequence number for 1st january 2016, we can use date(2016,1,1). note that if we entered 1/1/2016 in cell g5, we could just use ">="&g5 for criteria3, as the cell value when you enter a date, is its date sequence value. our function is therefore: =sumifs(d2:d21,c2:c21,"ben",b2:b21,"north",a2:a21,">="&date(2016,1,1),a2:a21,"<="&date(2016,1,31)) which returns £4,007. in most real situations we are likely to have all of the criteria in other cells, as we are usually doing more than one calculation. with careful planning and smart use of dollar signs, you can structure your formula so that you only need to write it once. for example if we wish to populate the following grid from our data: if we put the following function in cell j2, we can copy it to all of the other cells: =sumifs($d$2:$d$21,$c$2:$c$21,$i2,$b$2:$b$21,j$1) we have used dollars to fix both the rows and columns of the references to the data table, as these should not change, no matter what cell that we are in. for our criteria however, we want those to change between cells, so we have fixed the column of our name criteria ($i2), as we are always going to look to column i for the name, but want it to change as we change rows. similarly, we have fixed the row of our region criteria (j$1), as we always want to look at row 1, but want it to change with the columns. hopefully this gives you an idea how flexible sumifs can be. if you enjoyed this post, go to the top of the blog, where you can subscribe for regular updates and get two freebies "the 5 excel features that you need to know" and "30 chants for better charts". posted by glen feechan at 03:00 5 comments: email thisblogthis!share to twittershare to facebookshare to pinterest labels: excel tuesday, 5 april 2016 icaew spreadsheet capability framework - your opinions? as you may be aware, i am a member of the institute of chartered accountants in england and wales (icaew) excel community advisory committee. an important piece of work that the committee has been working on is what we are (currently) calling the spreadsheet capability framework. this document is intended to provide a reference point that spreadsheet users, employers and job applicants can use to discuss and assess competence in spreadsheet use - beyond glib phrases on a cv, such as "proficient with excel". given the authorship of the framework, it is obviously primarily aimed at those in the finance field, so apologies to my non-accountant readers. the framework has now reached the stage where we are actively seeking opinions outside the committee. to this end my colleague, david lyford-smith has posted a copy of the document to the icaew's it-counts website, where your comments would be greatly appreciated. if you would like to read the framework document and/or add your opinions to the debate, please use the following link: http://www.ion.icaew.com/itcounts/post/spreadsheet-capability-framework---exposure-draft-seeking-your-comments whereas comments on my blog are always welcome, and will be passed on, i would recommend commenting on the it counts post instead to contribute to the wider debate. if you enjoyed this post, go to the top of the blog, where you can subscribe for regular updates and get two freebies "the 5 excel features that you need to know" and "30 chants for better charts". posted by glen feechan at 03:00 1 comment: email thisblogthis!share to twittershare to facebookshare to pinterest labels: excel older posts home subscribe to: posts (atom) hi, i'm glen feechan. welcome to my excel blog - not just numbers. i aim to provide practical excel tips to those using excel in their day-to-day jobs. i am a chartered accountant who has used excel for too many years to remember, and now focus my efforts on helping others to get the most out of this powerful tool. you can sign up (above) and get a free report and regular updates of new posts to the blog. also have a look at the freebies section for free training videos, etc. i hope you find the content useful and that every now and again it makes you smile. glen feechan email linkedin twitter facebook popular posts excel tip: the dollar sign 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