↵∗ The term “clinically relevant” refers to DOAC levels that may contribute to bleeding or surgical bleeding risk. The minimum DOAC level that may contribute to bleeding or surgical bleeding risk is unknown. The International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis recommends consideration of anticoagulant reversal for patients with serious bleeding and a DOAC level >50 ng/mL, and for patients requiring an invasive procedure with high bleeding risk and a DOAC level >30 ng/mL (17).

↵† Useful for quantification of plasma drug levels only when calibrated with the drug of interest.