ANTI-IMPACT OCULAR PROTECTOR FOR HORSES - It is an ocular device for protecting horses eyes made of impact-proof polycarbonate with a warped structure perfectly shaped to be placed as a pair of glasses that will fit with the bones that form the eye socket of the horse. The glasses are constituted by a frame with devices to keep it in the right position, it surrounds the eyes of the horse without bothering its peripheral vision and protecting it from impacts that could seriously damage it. The ocular protector presents a convex concave structure, provided with means for its correct fixing, adjusting it over the eyeball of the horse. This ocular device also have the option of lenses and forehead protection for racing and horses to transport.

2010-04-08

20100083915

Electrochemical combustion actuator - An electromechanical actuator includes a cylinder and piston for driving a load and defining a chamber in which is disposed a buffer gas, such as nitrogen, and a solid or water-based electrolyte, and electrodes for generating hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis that mixes with the buffer gas serving to control the combustion pressure profile, and into which chamber, above the electrolyte, is inserted an igniter for combusting the hydrogen and oxygen for creating high pressures in the chamber to move the piston and create efficient mechanical work.

2010-04-08

20100083916

COOLING APPARATUS AND COOLING METHOD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - A cooling apparatus includes an electric water pump that circulates a coolant, a radiator that radiates heat of the coolant, an electric fan that cools the radiator, a control device, and first flow rate correction means. The control device controls the discharge flow rate of the electric water pump based on a target flow rate set based on an amount of heat generated in an engine, and controls operation of the electric fan based on a coolant temperature. When the coolant temperature is equal to or higher than a fan operation temperature at which the operation of the electric fan is started, the first flow rate correction means increases the discharge flow rate of the electric water pump in accordance with an increase in the coolant temperature.

2010-04-08

20100083917

VEHICLE ENGINE COOLING APPARATUS - A radiator is provided within an engine room and in front of an engine for cooling engine cooling water. A shutter is provided in front of the radiator and covers a portion of a core surface of the radiator for adjusting an amount of cooling air to be directed toward the radiator. A baffle plate is provided behind a remaining portion of the core surface, which is not covered with the shutter, for directing the air, having passed through the remaining portion, to outside the engine room.

2010-04-08

20100083918

SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING AND CONVEYING AIR FLOWS THROUGH THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT OF A MOTOR VEHICLE - A motor vehicle is provided with a conveyor structure that conveys the entire flow of air that traverses the radiator downwards and then longitudinally underneath the floor panel of the motor vehicle, preventing said flow from traversing the engine compartment and obtaining a consequent reduction in the aerodynamic resistance of the motor vehicle. Associated to the aforesaid conveyor structure are active and passive fins for enabling an adequate cooling of the components of the engine unit or electronic components associated thereto during given operating conditions.

2010-04-08

20100083919

Internal Combustion Engine With Integrated Waste Heat Recovery System - An engine assembly may include a first heat exchanger, a fluid supply system providing a fluid flow to the first heat exchanger, a fuel system, an engine block defining first and second cylinder bores, a first piston disposed within the first cylinder bore, and a second piston disposed within the second cylinder bore. The first cylinder bore may receive fuel from the fuel system for combustion therein to drive the first piston. The fluid flow may be pressurized within the first heat exchanger and the pressurized fluid may be provided to the second cylinder bore to drive the second piston.

2010-04-08

20100083920

CYLINDER HEAD FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - A cylinder head adapted to be mounted to a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine has a cooling jacket at least partially integrated in the cylinder head. The engine has two groups of cylinders: inside cylinders and outside cylinders. Each cylinder has at least one exhaust port, each leading to an individual duct. Individual ducts of outside cylinders converge to form an outside combined duct. In a four-cylinder, individual ducts of inside cylinders converge to form an inside combined duct with the inside combined duct remaining separated from the outside combined duct by the cooling jacket. The inside combined duct is farther away from the mounting surface of the cylinder head to the cylinder block than the outside combined duct. The cooling jacket includes: upper, middle, and lower cooling jackets and connectors between the upper and lower cooling jackets.

2010-04-08

20100083921

Catalyst control for six-cycle engine - A six-cycle engine has the advantage for the capability of internal cooling with scavenging air. This advantage enables the compressive ratio to rise, thereby achieving lower fuel consumption. However, there has been a critical problem due to lowered temperature of the exhaust catalyst and excessive volume of oxygen contained therein caused by the mixing of the scavenging air with exhaust gas. To solve the problem of lowered temperature, the invention has thermally insulated the fuel combustion chamber and the exhausting system, and controlled the aperture degree of the scavenging port valve relatively to the suction valve to adjust the scavenging air volume against the suction air, thereby controlling temperature of the exhaust gas. Further, to solve the problem of excessive volume of oxygen, the invention has introduced an EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) system to fully substitute the scavenging air with circulating exhaust gas and a self EGR system to open the exhaust valve during the scavenging air introduction stroke. The present invention has successfully made a naturally good fuel-efficient six-cycle internal combustion engine be suited one for practical use such as conventional vehicles.

2010-04-08

20100083922

VARYING THE PHASE AND LIFT OF A ROCKER ARM ON A CAMSHAFT ACTUATING A VALVE OR INJECTOR - In an internal combustion engine using poppet type valves, a center pivot rocker arm is moved through a specific path wherein the roller in contact with a cam is moved to alter the phasing of the valves or injectors in the engine. Depending on the interface between the valve or injector and the rocker arm, the rocker ratio of the rocker arm may be altered, giving a change in lift as well. By positioning a control arm at desired points on either side of a centered position, and rotating the control arm about its own pivot point via an arm actuator, phase change is achieved. The arm actuator controls the location of the control arm and thus the timing of the valve or injector relative to the rotation of the cam. Advanced, centered, and retarded phase change is possible depending upon the movement of the control arm.

DEVICE FOR CAMSHAFT ADJUSTMENT IN AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - A device for camshaft adjustment in an internal combustion engine which has an inner rotor rotationally fixed to a camshaft. The inner rotor is rotationally adjustable relative to an outer rotor that is driveably connected to a crankshaft. At least one hydraulic chamber limited by side walls is introduced into the outer rotor and is divided into two partial chambers by an element extending radially outward from the inner rotor. To lock the relative movement between the inner and outer rotor, two locking pins penetrating the inner rotor axially engage in two recesses of one of the side walls designed as a locking cover. To adjust the play of the locking pins in the recesses, at least one of the recesses has a stop surface for the locking pin, the position of which changes as viewed circumferentially with the radial distance from the axis of the inner rotor.

2010-04-08

20100083925

Flame Glow Plug - The present invention relates to a flame glow plug having a combustion chamber which has an outlet opening for the flame, a fuel supply, in particular a blockable fuel supply, for the provision of a fuel flow to the combustion chamber, an air supply for the provision of an air flow to the combustion chamber and an ignition device, in particular an electrically operated heating element, which is arranged in the combustion chamber or which extends into the combustion chamber and which is made to ignite the air/fuel mixture arising from the provided fuel flow and the provided air flow. The air supply is made controllable in quantity to selectively operate the flame glow plug as a torch or as a secondary fuel injection apparatus. The invention furthermore relates to a regeneration apparatus for a particulate filter of an exhaust gas system, to an exhaust gas system for a combustion engine as well as to a method for the operation of a regeneration apparatus.

2010-04-08

20100083926

System for restarting internal combustion engine when engine restart request occurs - In a system for cranking a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, a starter is provided with a motor working to, when energized, rotatably drive an output shaft with a pinion and an actuator working to, when energized, shift the pinion toward the ring gear to be engaged with the ring gear. A power supply is electrically connected to the motor and operative to output electrical power. A first mechanical relay is electrically connected between the power supply and the motor, and works to turn on and off a supply of a current based on the electrical power to the motor for rotating the pinion. A switching element is electrically connected across the first mechanical relay, and works to turn on and off the supply of the current to the motor for rotating the pinion.

2010-04-08

20100083927

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLED SHUTDOWN AND DIRECT START FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - Systems and methods for controlling shut down of a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine include a mechanical energy storage device to decelerate an engine crankshaft to a stopping position desirable for restarting of the engine. Energy stored during shut down may be used to adjust or reposition the crankshaft to one of a plurality of angular orientations advantageous for restarting, and/or used to rotate the crankshaft during restarting of the engine. A flywheel having a variable mass, such as provided by two or more segments, which may be fixedly or selectively coupled to one or more springs may be used to selectively store and release energy.

INTAKE SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - An intake system for an internal combustion engine, includes a rotary valve including a casing provided with a first port, a second port and an outlet port, and a rotatable valve member accommodated in the casing and rotated by an actuator, a first intake passage fluidically connecting a surge tank and the first port, a second intake passage fluidically connecting the surge tank and the second port and a third intake passage fluidically connecting a cylinder and the outlet port, wherein a first state where the outlet port is throttled and at least one of the first port and the second port is opened, or a second state where the outlet port, and at least one of the first port and the second port are opened, is selectively established.

OIL PASSAGE STRUCTURE OF ENGINE - An oil passage structure of an engine including a crankshaft having an oil feed passage opened at a first end thereof, an oil passage in communication with the oil feed passage and an oil discharge passage in communication with a downstream end of the oil passage that is opened at a second end of the crankshaft. The oil passage allows therethrough feeding of oil to the ends of connecting rods that are coupled to the crankshaft.

2010-04-08

20100083932

ROTARY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - A rotary internal combustion engine, includes a housing, a rotating plate assembly and a stationary plate assembly. The rotating plate assembly has a plurality of vanes disposed between an inflow passage and an outflow passage. The stationary plate assembly defines a piston chamber in which is disposed a reciprocating piston. Rotation of a crank shaft rotates the rotating plate assembly and rotation of the rotating plate assembly rotates the crank shaft. Valves are coupled to the crank shaft, such that rotation of the crank shaft opens and closes the valves during the combustion cycle. Each piston is coupled to the crank shaft such that rotation of the crank shaft results in reciprocal movement of the pistons in the piston chambers.

Combustion Method for a Reciprocating Piston Internal Combustion Engine - A reciprocating engine includes a combustion chamber, and a gas exchange inlet valve and a gas exchange outlet valve for a charge cycle. The method introduces an inlet gas into the combustion chamber in an intake phase; introduces a primary quantity of fuel into the combustion chamber during the intake phase and/or a compression phase; compresses the inlet gas and the fuel in the compression phase; ignites a mixture of inlet gas and fuel formed in the combustion chamber; and expands and discharges an exhaust gas formed by the combustion in an expansion phase. A pilot quantity of fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber before the primary quantity of fuel is introduced. Intermediate products of the pilot quantity of fuel are formed and the primary quantity of fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber during the compression phase such that complete ignition of the mixture consisting of inlet gas and the intermediate products is suppressed and other intermediate products are formed until a controlled ignition of the mixture and other intermediate products occurs.

2010-04-08

20100083935

CONTROL SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - In the present invention, in a control system for a spark ignition internal combustion engine, when a catalyst is not sufficiently active, the ignition timing is advanced to be earlier than MBT to decrease the quantity of hydrocarbons (HC) discharged from the internal combustion engine, and oxygen is supplied to the exhaust gas upstream of the catalyst to thereby oxidize carbon monoxide (CO) discharged from the internal combustion engine. According to this invention, exhaust emissions emitted before activation of the exhaust gas purification apparatus can be decreased as much as possible, and early activation of the catalyst can be achieved by making use of heat generated by oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide (CO).

2010-04-08

20100083936

Target wheel position detection systems - A control module for a vehicle includes a time recording module that stores timestamps that correspond to each of N teeth of a target wheel of the vehicle in memory. N is an integer. A position module generates M angular positions based on the timestamps. M is an integer greater than one. Each of the M angular positions corresponds to a space between adjacent ones of the N teeth. A position estimator determines position of the target wheel based on the M positions.

2010-04-08

20100083937

MULTIFUEL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - A multifuel internal combustion engine in which single low boiling point component fuel and at least one kind of fuel having properties different from those of the single low boiling point component fuel are introduced into a combustion chamber CC separately or together thereby operating the multifuel internal combustion engine, includes lubricant-oil temperature detecting unit means (temperature sensor

2010-04-08

20100083938

Marine Carbon Canister - A fuel tank vent system includes a carbon canister and an engine fuel system coupled to the carbon canister. Fuel vapor discharged from a fuel tank included in the engine fuel system flows during certain conditions into the carbon canister to encounter charcoal stored in the carbon canister. Hydrocarbon material associated with the discharged fuel vapor is captured by the charcoal and a stream of cleaned vapor is discharged from the carbon canister to the atmosphere.

CRYOGENIC AIR COOLER FOR IMPROVING POWER AND FUEL EFFICIENCY OF A MOTOR VEHICLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - A cryogenic air condenser is disclosed that pre-cools and thereby condenses air before it enters an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, allowing more fuel to be burned during each combustion cycle and enhancing the power of the engine without placing any drag on the engine. The air is cooled by making thermal contact with a cryogenic liquid, such as liquid nitrogen, liquid air, or liquid helium. For example, the air can flow through pipes surrounded by cryogenic liquid, or air can flow past pipes filled with cryogenic liquid. Cooling of the combustion chamber by the chilled air also allows higher compression ratios without dieseling, and slower burning of the fuel, thereby providing additional enhancements. The cryogenic air condenser requires no modifications to the engine, and can be added to a vehicle after manufacture. Evaporated cryogenic liquid can be vented into the vehicle exhaust, providing Venturi suction for additional cooling.

2010-04-08

20100083941

COOLING ARRANGEMENT - A cooler arrangement of a vehicle includes a charge air cooler which itself includes at least one pipeline for guiding compressed air during cooling and a first tank for receiving the cooled compressed air from the first pipeline, and an EGR cooler which includes at least one second pipeline for guiding exhaust gases during cooling, and a second tank operable to receive the cooled exhaust gases from the second pipeline. A mechanical connection connects an end of the first tank of the charge air cooler to an end of the second tank of the EGR cooler so that the tanks constitute a composite tank unit in a fitted state in the vehicle.

2010-04-08

20100083942

IGNITOR FOR AIR/FUEL MIXTURE AND ENGINE THEREWITH AND METHOD OF ASSEMBLY THEREOF INTO A CYLINDER HEAD - An internal combustion engine and ignitor therefore is provided. The ignitor has an insulator extending between a nose end and a terminal end with an electrode extending outwardly from the nose end to ignite an air/fuel mixture with a cylinder chamber. A terminal extends from the terminal end and is configured in electrical communication with the electrode. A metal shell surrounds at least a portion of the insulator. The metal shell is free of external threads for attachment to a cylinder block. A connecting wire extends from the terminal for electrical communication with a power source. A tube has a lower end that receives the terminal end of the insulator therein. The tube extends about the connecting wire to an upper end opposite the lower end. The lower end of the tube compresses the shell into fixed relation within the opening of the cylinder head.

2010-04-08

20100083943

CABLE GUARD AND GUIDES FOR ARCHERY BOWS - An archery bow includes a cable guard and an optional cable guide that holds a cable of the bow away from a plane in which a bowstring of the bow moves. The cable guard can define a bore, through which the cable is positioned, extending generally parallel to the bowstring when the bowstring is in an undrawn state. The cable guard bore can include a rounded opening to minimize abrasion to the cable. The cable guide can include a ceramic element having a rounded surface to minimize abrasion to the cable. The ceramic element can be included in an immovable or stationary cable guide, as well as an alternative cable guide including moving components, to engage and hold the cable away from the bowstring, while minimizing abrasion and/or friction on the cable.

2010-04-08

20100083944

VARIABLE PNEUMATIC SEAR FOR PAINTBALL GUN - An improved paintball gun uses a low-pressure pneumatic sear to hold the firing valve closed against the high pressure gas occupying the other side of the valve. In this manner, only one operation is required between depressing the trigger and the firing of the paintball gun because a double-acting cylinder is not required as an interface between the trigger depression and actuation of the valve. The paintball gun is also substantially faster than existing electro-pneumatic paintball guns because it uses a blow forward bolt, in which higher-pressure gas is held directly behind the bolt and has only one direction to travel during the firing of the paintball gun.

2010-04-08

20100083945

COOKING APPARATUS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME - A cooking apparatus is disclosed. The cooking apparatus includes an apparatus body, a cooking chamber defined in the apparatus body for cooking food, and a door for opening and closing the cooking chamber. The cooking chamber has an inner wall surface-treated by plasma.

2010-04-08

20100083946

PORTABLE COMBUSTION DEVICE UTILIZING THERMOELECTRICAL GENERATION - This invention provides a portable combustion device that provides a cleaner combustion, reduces the kindling period, and provides a more efficient overall combustion through the use of a fan that directs a predetermined volume of airflow over the combustible fuel—typically wood or similar cellulose-based biological solids. The combustion device has a combustion chamber into which the fuel source is placed for combustion. Mounted to the side of the combustion chamber is a housing that encloses the TEG, which generates an electrical output based on a difference in temperature on opposing sides. Mounted onto the TEG housing and protruding into the combustion chamber through a small passageway is a heat-conducting probe and heat-conducting probe base unit. The opposing side of the TEG is also in contact with a heat sink to remove heat from the TEG device through interaction with ambient air that passes over the vanes from a port located along the side of the TEG housing. A motor and fan near the heat sink to draw air away the heat sink and aid in the cooling of the heat sink, and force air onto the combusting fuel through a plurality of peripheral ports that connect with an air space located between the inner and outer walls of the combustion chamber.

2010-04-08

20100083947

BARBECUE GRILL HAVING A SPLIT LID - A barbecue grill assembly comprises a firebox having a bottom and first and second ends, side walls extending from the first and second ends, and a pair of lids each hingeably connectable to an upper portion of one of the side walls and separately movable between open and closed positions. The pair of lids forms a cooking enclosure with the firebox when in their closed positions.

2010-04-08

20100083948

PROTECTIVE LINER AND SYSTEM FOR PROTECTING A COOKING TOP - A protective liner for use with a cooking top is provided. The protective liner includes a base sheet and additional sheets which are geometrically similar to the surface of a cooking top. The protective liner shields the cooking top or a portion thereof from soil. Housing holes in the sheets delimit an area for corresponding cooking devices. The upper sheets are removable, leaving the base sheet as a clean sheet to shield the cooking top. An associated system is provided in which a stove having a cooking top with a surface through which one or more cooking devices are disposed has a protective liner to protect the cooking top surface from soil. The sheets of the protective liner are removable such that when a particular sheet is removed, an immediately adjacent sheet provides a clean outer aspect of the cooking top.

2010-04-08

20100083949

ENERGY EFFICIENT GRIDDLE PLATE - An energy efficient griddle plate is provided that includes a base and a pattern of flame guide channels connected to or constructed on the base. The guide channels can accept flames and guide the flames and heated air to the perimeter of the base while fins extending from the base absorb thermal energy; Linear channel profiles provide a substantial surface area enhancement from a given area on the bottom so as to improve heat transfer while providing even heating and mechanical strength to the plate; A flame entrance opening can be provided in as along as the flame guiding channels to allow easy entrance of the flame into the channels. Further, a burner pattern is given to improve the temperature uniformity on the flat surface of the plate. A method of making the efficient cookware involving extrusion is provided.

2010-04-08

20100083950

SOLAR ENERGY WATER HEATING SYSTEM - In one aspect, the invention is directed to a solar energy water heating system for heating water in a water storage tank. In one particular embodiment, the system includes a controller, a solar energy collector whose energy contribution to water in the tank is controlled by the controller, and a non-solar heating system that is not controlled by the controller. Water in the tank may be heated by one or both of the non-solar heating system and energy from the solar energy collector. The controller can determine the amount of energy contributed by solar energy to the water in the tank. In another embodiment, the solar energy water heating system incorporates a controller that controls both the operation of the pump and the operation of the non-solar heating system. In another embodiment, a network of solar energy water heating systems is provided.

2010-04-08

20100083951

Interior Solar Heater - A solar heater includes a plurality of suspended vertical components that cover at least a portion of an interior side of a window and have open top and bottom ends. Each suspended vertical component has a heat absorbing body position within the transparent sheath. The heat absorbing body is located a first spaced distance from the inner sheath surface of a first side portion of the sheath and a second spaced distance from the inner sheath surface of a second side portion of the sheath. The open bottom end of the sheath receives cool ambient air that is heated while passing between the heat absorbing body and the inner sheath surface of the first side portion and between the heat absorbing body and the inner sheath surface of the second side portion. The open top end of the sheath exhausts the heated air to an interior space of a building.

2010-04-08

20100083952

Adaptive self pumping solar hot water heating system with overheat protection - Solar collectors heat and self pump heat transfer fluid at reduced system pressure without mechanical intervention for heat exchange with hot water in a storage tank. Slugs of hot fluid are pumped by steam bubbles formed in solar collector tubes through an upper manifold and an exit-tube into an upper hot fluid reservoir. Hot fluid flows downward through a heat exchanger at the tank. Cold fluid returns to a lower reservoir. Vapor flows from the upper reservoir and is condensed by cooler water and walls of the lower reservoir. The cool fluid returns from the lower reservoir to a lower manifold supplying the collector tubes. Below ambient pressure is automatically established in the system. When heat build-up increases pressure in the system, fluid flows to a third closed variable volume reservoir. A float valve in the bottom of the third reservoir allows liquid to return to the system when it cools.

2010-04-08

20100083953

HIGH EFFICIENCY SOLAR ENERGY DEVICES AND METHODS - A solar energy device includes a first prism with a dichroic surface and a reflective surface opposite the dichroic surface. A first solar cell is positioned to receive light rays passing through the dichroic surface. A second solar cell positioned to receive light rays from the reflective surface.

Burner assembly with integral log set - The burner assembly of the present invention broadly comprises a burner pan having an upper surface, a lower surface, and an inlet extending from the lower surface, a burner top complimentarily shaped to the burner pan and having an outer surface, an inner surface, and a plurality of ports extending from the inner surface to the outer surface, a gasket disposed about the periphery of the burner pan upper surface and intermediate the upper surface and the burner top inner surface, a cavity defined by the burner pan upper surface, the burner top inner surface, and the gasket, and the burner top outer surface having an appearance of a plurality of logs and an ember bed.

ATRAUMATIC INTRODUCER FOR NASAL ENDOTRACHEAL TUBES AND ITS METHOD OF USE - The present invention provides an intubation device including a nasal endotracheal tube having a proximal, relative to a person inserting the nasal endotracheal tube, end and a distal end; and an introducer including an elongated member having a proximal open end and a distal blunt end, the introducer proximal open end including a hollow mouth having sidewalls for receiving and holding the distal end of the endotracheal tube. The dilator/introducer is simply a tube, solid or hollow having a hollow proximal end that will hold a distal end of a nasal endotracheal tube in place. It will act as a dilator, and once the distal end of the endotracheal tube is past the nasopharynx and is visualized in the oropharynx, the “dilator” is removed and typically discarded. A method of use of the intubation device is also disclosed.

2010-04-08

20100083958

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE HOOD HAVING THERMOPLASTIC NECKDAM - This invention relates to protective hoods, and in particular personal protective hoods which surround an individual's head and protects the individual from contact with Chemical-Biological-Radiological-Nuclear (CBRN), smoke, noxious fumes, and products of combustion, such as carbon monoxide. The protective hoods contain neck dams that seal against a person's neck and are formed from thermoplastic elastomers or polyolefins.

2010-04-08

20100083959

INHALATION DEVICE AND HEATING UNIT THEREFOR - The invention relates to a heating unit for an inhalation device for the inhalation administration of an inhalation mixture of air and at least one additive material, having a fuel storage (

2010-04-08

20100083960

Activating Mechanism - The present invention relates to a Device for a medical delivery device, which medical delivery device comprises a housing (

2010-04-08

20100083961

BREATHING ASSISTANCE APPARATUS - Headgear for use with a respiratory mask is described. The headgear comprises a continuous and substantially curved elongate member extending in use below a user's nose and at least two headgear straps capable of attachment to the ends of the elongate member. A mask attachment on the elongate member is disposed to sit below or on one of said user's nose, mouth, upper lip and an inlet to the mask. The attachment is capable of receiving the mask.

MEDICATION HOLDER - A portable medication holder is disclosed for discharging liquid agent into an air stream. The holder comprises a housing having a first wall and a second wall with the walls movable relative to each other. The second wall may be moved between a closed position and an open position wherein an air pathway is open. The holder has evaporation means to assist in evaporation of the liquid agent into air in the air pathway which flows through a medication discharge chute to a user. The device also includes opening means for opening the medication container and releasing the liquid agent to the air pathway and one or more one-way valves to provide uni-directional air flow for one or both of the inspiratory air and expired air. The liquid agent is preferably methoxyflurane. The device may include an auxiliary gas pathway for delivery of a gas such as oxygen. It may also include an auxiliary air inlet for varying the concentration of inhaled agent. The holder is preferably sealed against the external environment. The holder may include a lanyard adapted to activate relative movement between the walls. It may also include a rip seal opening for one end and a deformable cap which may be sprung clear of the medication discharge chute by impact against a surface.

2010-04-08

20100083964

DISPENSER DOSE COUNTER MECHANISM - An apparatus for counting doses of a dispenser is provided which includes a housing for releasably attaching to the dispenser; and, a dose counter operatively connected to the housing or the dispenser. The dose counter displays indicia relating to doses of the dispenser. The dose counter may be manually adjusted or configured to be automatically adjusted to permit counting of the number of times the housing is separated from the dispenser. The number of separations will indicate the number of doses administered by the dispenser. Advantageously, with the subject invention, a dose counter is provided which counts doses separately from the actuation of the dispenser. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the invention may apply to various dispensers, but is particularly well-suited for use with inhalers.

2010-04-08

20100083965

HUMIDIFICATION ARRANGEMENT FOR A RESPIRATORY APPARATUS - A humidifying apparatus utilizing a semi-permeable membrane portion within a gas conduit where the direction of gas flow within a central lumen is given by an arrow. The humidification apparatus has a helical configuration for the semi-permeable membrane portion, a structural reinforcing member or members, a water channel and a heating element. The helical configuration of an outer wall may be similar to conventional conduits that are in common use in respiratory apparatus. Thus the humidification apparatus may be readily substituted into existing respiratory device by exchanging the gas conduit.

2010-04-08

20100083966

DEVICE FOR MONITORING, CONTROLLING AND/OR REGULATING A GAS COMPOSITION - The invention relates to a device and a method for monitoring, controlling and/or regulating a gas composition. Said device comprises at least one training and/or rehabilitation unit; a sensor unit comprising a heatable electrochemical solid electrolyte sensor for oxygen concentration determination and another heatable electrochemical solid electrolyte sensor for carbon dioxide concentration determination; a control unit for the sensors; a microcontroller in the control unit for controlling, according to the respiratory flow volume, the heating power of heating elements of the sensors in order to maintain constant sensor temperatures; and a system for enriching and/or depleting air constituents for producing the gas composition, according to determinable nominal values and/or according to the respiratory gas composition determined by the sensor unit, and the determined respiratory flow volume.

2010-04-08

20100083967

MASK DEVICE WITH BLOWER - In a mask device with blower, a sensor for warning is disposed, which detects a movement position of an exhaust valve corresponding to the case where an internal pressure of a face body is lower than an outer atmospheric pressure at the time of inhaling air in a non-contact state and outputs a signal. A warning device operates in accordance with a signal that is output from the sensor for warning.

2010-04-08

20100083968

VENTILATOR WITH BIOFEEDBACK MONITORING AND CONTROL FOR IMPROVING PATIENT ACTIVITY AND HEALTH - A respiratory support ventilator apparatus is described that mechanically supports the work of respiration of a patient. The ventilator apparatus is highly portable and optionally wearable so as to promote mobility and physical activity of the patient, and to improve the overall health of the patient. The respiratory support ventilator may monitor a physical activity level and overall health status of the patient, and process this information. The information is used to track efficacy of the ventilation therapy relative to activity level and quality of life, and or to titrate or optimize the ventilation parameters to improve, maintain or optimize the physical activity level and overall health status of the patient.

2010-04-08

20100083969

Swivel elbow for mask assembly - A swivel elbow for a mask assembly includes an elbow adapted to be provided to the mask assembly and a swivel detachably connected to the elbow. The elbow includes a plurality of spaced apart rings that provide a controlled clearance between the elbow and an interior surface of the swivel.

2010-04-08

20100083970

MEDICAL TUBE SECURING DEVICE - A medical tube securing device for a patient is disclosed, comprising at least one bite block and a support frame integral with said bite block, said support frame comprising a protruding extension with at least one inwardly recessed portion so as to avoid contact with the patient's mouth, said protruding extension operable to receive an adjustable medical tube retaining device without contacting the face of the patient.

2010-04-08

20100083971

Mandibular advancement device with positive positioning hinge - The invention is an oral appliance for prevention of sleeping problems including snoring, sleep apnea and bruxism. Specifically, the appliance alters the position of the user's mandible, which is known as a method for reducing the restriction of the flow of air through the pharyngeal passageway. The appliance is a one-piece device molded from a flexible polymer such as Kraton®. It includes an upper maxillary tray and a lower mandibulary tray. Both upper and lower trays include inner and outer walls which increase contact area with the teeth. The hinge mechanism of the device includes a positive positioning system comprised of opposed interlocking ridges. The ridges serve to create offset between the position of the upper tray and lower tray relative to each other, therefore advancing the user's mandible. Additional features include airflow posts to keep the mouthpiece from sealing completely, a cleft contour, and a tooth retention tab.

2010-04-08

20100083972

METHOD FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PROCESSING DIFFICULTIES, INTEGRATION PROBLEMS, IMBALANCES AND ABNORMAL POSTURES - Methods for diagnosis and treatment are provided for a patient having processing difficulties, integration problems, imbalances or abnormal postures. In one embodiment, a patient is identified having retinal signal problems creating at least one negative medical condition. Then, at least a portion of the patient's lacrimal drainage system is blocked or altered. Further, as a result of the diagnosis and treatment, the patient achieves improved retinal signal processing and at least one of the patient's negative medical conditions is improved. Other embodiments include using in combination the Z-Bell Test and/or light blocking or altering devices for diagnosis and treatment.

2010-04-08

20100083973

HOOKAH BOWL - A side heat bowl for use with a hookah comprising a first receptacle having an interior portion capable of holding a first material to be smoked and a second receptacle having an interior portion capable of holding a second material for providing a heat source for heating the first predetermined material. At least a portion of the sidewall portion of the second receptacle surrounds at least a portion of the sidewall portion of the first receptacle. A plurality of apertures extending through the sidewall of the first receptacle is provided for transferring heat from the heat source to the material to be smoked. At least one aperture is disposed on the bottom portion of the first receptacle for providing fluid communication between the first predetermined material and the hookah.

2010-04-08

20100083974

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REMOVING SUBSTANCE FROM FINGERNAILS - A method and device for removing a substance from an individual's fingernails which includes a cover member having an opening therein, a foam member, and a retaining member/reservoir for retaining the foam member within the opening of the cover member.

Method and apparatus for completing a French manicure - The nail polish applicator of the present invention broadly comprises a body having a cavity, an application tip connected to the body and in fluid communication with the cavity, a polish contained in the cavity, a channel interposed between the cavity and the application tip, and wherein the application tip is sized to apply polish to a nail. The present invention also broadly comprises a method of completing a French manicure or French pedicure including the steps of: providing a nail polish applicator with a body having a cavity with a fluid, an application tip, and a channel interconnecting the cavity and the application tip, locating the application tip on a first side of a nail tip, and sliding the application tip from the first side to a second side of the nail tip.

2010-04-08

20100083977

Hair Treatment Product and Method - A hair coloring or highlighting application set includes a first strip of material having an adhesive allowing a user to attach the first strip to a section of hair which then hang loose while the user handles the colorant or bleach and brush. The user applies a colorant or bleach to the section of hair and overlays a second strip of material on the first strip of material. The second strip of material may by at least partly transparent and the target color may be applied to one side of the first strip of material to allow the user to easily determine when the hair section has achieved the target color.

2010-04-08

20100083978

HAIR STYLING APPARATUS HAVING A GUIDE DEVICE, AND METHOD FOR HAIR STYLING - A hair-styling device having an essentially cylindrical heating part on which at least one heatable styling part is provided for heating the hair. At least one lateral limit of the styling part is designed here as a styling edge. At least one guide means is arranged around the styling part in at least some areas, with a guide edge running parallel to the styling edge.

2010-04-08

20100083979

MASCARA BRUSH - A mascara brush is disclosed. The mascara brush of the present invention includes a bristle part (

2010-04-08

20100083980

Platen Cleaning Method - A method for cleaning a workpiece support that includes using a workpiece that has been coated on its bottom surface with a suitable material is disclosed. This specially coated workpiece is placed on the support, and some time later, it is removed, taking with it particles from the support. In certain embodiments, the workpiece undergoes an ion implantation process to increase its temperature, and to increase the tackiness of the coating on the bottom surface. The material used to coat the bottom can be of variable types, including photoresists, oxides and deposited glasses.

2010-04-08

20100083981

DRY CLEANING METHOD FOR PLASMA PROCESSING APPARATUS - This dry cleaning method for a plasma processing apparatus is a dry cleaning method for a plasma processing apparatus that includes: a vacuum container provided with a dielectric member; a planar electrode and a high-frequency antenna that are provided outside the dielectric member; and a high-frequency power source that supplies high-frequency power to both the high-frequency antenna and the planar electrode, to thereby introduce high-frequency power into the vacuum container via the dielectric member and produce an inductively-coupled plasma, the method comprising the steps of: introducing a gas including fluorine into the vacuum container and also introducing high-frequency power into the vacuum container from the high-frequency power source, to thereby produce an inductively-coupled plasma in the gas including fluorine; and by use of the inductively-coupled plasma, removing a product including at least one of a precious metal and a ferroelectric that is adhered to the dielectric member.

2010-04-08

20100083982

PARTICLE REMOVAL APPARATUS AND METHOD AND PLASMA PROCESSING APPARATUS - A particle removal apparatus for removing particles from a chamber of a plasma processing apparatus, wherein the chamber is connected to a gas exhaust port and a plasma of a processing gas is generated in the chamber to plasma process a substrate to be processed, includes a particle charging control member for positively charging particles generated within the chamber by positive ions of an ion sheath region formed in a region other than the vicinity of the substrate to be processed, wherein positively charged particles are discharged from the chamber via the gas exhaust port. Therefore, there is no plasma disturbance or metal contamination, and thus can be applied to a practical use.

2010-04-08

20100083983

AQUARIUM CLEANING DEVICE WITH SELECTABLE SECONDARY CLEANING ELEMENT - A glass cleaning device employs an inner component having a body with an associated first cleaning element and a second movable portion positionable from a first to second position, the second portion associated with a second cleaning element. A support magnet is carried within the body and at least one magnetic element is carried in the second movable portion. An outer component provides a handle for manipulation by a user with a first magnetic element carried within the handle for operable engagement of the support magnetic in the inner component to draw the body into contact with an inner surface of an aquarium wall to be cleaned. A selection magnet carried within the handle allows engagement with at least one magnetic element in the movable portion. Positioning of the selection magnet adjacent the magnetic element actuates the movable portion for operable engagement of the second cleaning element on the inner surface of the aquarium wall.

Method for cleaning photomask-related substrate, cleaning method, and cleaning fluid supplying apparatus - Provided is a method for cleaning a photomask-related substrate, the method in which, when a photomask-related substrate contaminated by a sulfate ion, the photomask-related substrate being selected from a substrate for a photomask, a photomask blank, a photomask, and a production intermediate thereof, is cleaned with pure water, a deaerating step of removing dissolved gas by deaeration is performed in advance on the pure water used for cleaning. Moreover, provided is a method for cleaning a substrate to be cleaned by supplying a cleaning fluid to a cleaning apparatus, the method in which, when the substrate to be cleaned is cleaned by filtering the cleaning fluid with a filter for removing foreign matter and supplying the filtered cleaning fluid to the cleaning apparatus through a supply pipe, at least, prior to a supply of the filtered cleaning fluid to the cleaning apparatus, the filtered cleaning fluid is discharged to the outside of a system through a discharge pipe, and then the filtered cleaning fluid is supplied to the cleaning apparatus through the supply pipe. As a result, provided is a cleaning method that can increase cleaning efficiency for a sulfate ion in a simple and easy way and can reduce the generation of minute foreign matter extremely when, in particular, a photomask-related substrate selected from a substrate for a photomask, a photomask blank, a photomask, and a production intermediate thereof is cleaned.

2010-04-08

20100083986

LIQUID PROCESSING APPARATUS, LIQUID PROCESSING METHOD, AND STORAGE MEDIUM - A liquid processing apparatus includes: a hollow holding plate configured to hold an object to be processed; a hollow outer rotational shaft fixedly connected to the holding plate; a rotary drive part configured to rotate the outer rotational shaft; and a lift pin plate disposed in a hollow space of the holding plate, and having a lift pin configured to support the object to be processed. Inside the lift pin plate, a cleaning-liquid supply part configured to supply a cleaning liquid is extended. Connected to the lift pin plate is a lifting member configured to locate the lift pin plate on an upper position and a lower position. When located on the lower position, the lift pin plate receives a force of the rotary drive part for rotating the outer rotational shaft so that the lift pin plate is rotated.

Cartridge for a water-conducting domestic appliance comprising a detergent dosing system - A cartridge for a water-conducting domestic appliance, in particular a domestic dishwasher, which has a detergent dosing system having at least one detergent dispenser for receiving at least one cartridge, wherein the cartridge has separate chambers for storing at least two detergents, the cartridge including a cartridge housing having at least two chambers formed therein, wherein each chamber has a storage capacity for storing detergent which is greater than the quantities required for one washing cycle.

2010-04-08

20100083990

WATER-CONDUCTING APPLIANCE HAVING A CLEANING AGENT FEEDING DEVICE - A water-conducting domestic appliance including a line system, a detergent feed facility that supplies at least one detergent into the line system, wherein the detergent feed facility includes at least one reservoir configured to be filled with detergent, and a refill fitting having a connection to the at least one reservoir, the refill fitting being arranged on a door of the water-conducting domestic appliance.

ATTACHMENT FOR AMBULATORY ASSIST DEVICE - An attachment adapted for use with a walker including a support member. The support member has a longitudinal axis. A leg engagement portion is located on the support member. An opening in the support member extends transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis.

2010-04-08

20100083994

FOLDABLE WALKER APPARATUS - A foldable walker apparatus includes a pair of spaced-apart inner frame members of two parts each hinged together, with a pair of link members diagonally extending therebetween. Each link has a bend extending upwardly and outwardly. The walker has support members that are arc-shaped with a seat extending between their apexes. A collapsible basket is provided with two end members each having a rigid peripheral portion connecting the frame members and a basket member of flexible fabric extending therebetween. A self-adjusting brake rod is provided with a gripping member spring-biased to remain free of the brake rod until the gripping member is operatively actuated to engage and thereby actuate the brake rod. A brake housing fully extends around a brake pad mechanism, including a means for connecting and adjusting the corresponding brake pad, to at least the outer periphery of one of the wheels for fully protecting the brake pad mechanism.

2010-04-08

20100083995

Air mattress with inflatable canopy - A sleeping bag having a mattress comprising a bottom insulating water-proof layer, which rests upon ground or camping surface. The mattress further includes a material filled layer attached to the top mattress surface. The sleeping bag is made with an inflatable canopy for further protecting a user, or to permit the mattress to be integrated within a tent. The canopy is inflated by means of introducing air into air tubes configured and integrated into the canopy. The inflatable canopy, optionally, has a vestibule for storing or keeping items for the user of the sleeping bag. The sleeping bag has a canopy, which may be drawn over the mattress to enclose a sleeper using the sleeping bag. The canopy is attached to the mattress by two-way zippers operable the full circumference of the mattress. The two way zippers and mattress are configured to attach and include the mattress within the tent. The canopy that deploys by means of two air tubes that, when inflated, causes the canopy to arch over a user reclining upon the mattress. The vestibule may be made so that inflation of the canopy also causes the vestibule, when attached, to deploy and inflate to receive objects for storage.

2010-04-08

20100083996

Methods of drawing wire arrays - A method of drawing a glass clad wire is provided herein, the method comprising: (i) sealing off one end of a glass tube such that the tube has an open end and a closed end; (ii) introducing a wire material inside the glass tube; (iii) heating a portion of the glass tube such that the glass partially melts to form a first ampoule containing the wire material to be used in a drawing operation; (iv) introducing the first ampoule containing the wire material into a heating device; (v) increasing the temperature within the heating device such that the glass tube is heated enough for it to be drawn and wire material melts; and (vi) drawing the glass clad wire comprising a continuous wire of wire material, wherein the wire material is a metal, semi-metal, alloy, or semiconductor thermoelectrically active material, and wherein the wire diameter is equal to or smaller than about 5 μm.

2010-04-08

20100083997

QUANTUM WELL GaP/Si TANDEM PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS - Two junction solar energy conversion devices, i.e. photovoltaic cells have a bottom silicon N+/P/P+ photovoltaic cell and an upper GaP N+/P/P+ photovoltaic cell containing quantum well layers which extend the wavelength range over which the GaP cell absorbs light. The quantum well layers are composed of materials other than Gallium Phosphide (GaP) and may be either pseudomorphic or metamorphic. Light trapping may be incorporated at the top surface of the GaP photovoltaic cell along with anti-reflective coatings, and light trapping may be incorporated on the bottom surface of the silicon cell. The bottom surface of the silicon photovoltaic cell is coated with a passivating dielectric layer and electrical contact to the silicon is made with conductive vias extending through the passivating layer.

2010-04-08

20100083998

Solar Cell Receiver with a Glass Lid - A solar cell receiver for converting solar energy to electricity including a substrate, a III-V compound semiconductor multi-junction solar cell mounted on the substrate, a diode mounted on the substrate, including a body, an anode contact and a cathode contact, the diode coupled in parallel with the solar cell, output terminals mounted on the substrate and coupled to the solar cell and the diode for handling more than 10 watts of power, and at least one spacer and a transparent lid thereover configured to cover and protect the solar cell.

2010-04-08

20100083999

TANDEM NANOFILM SOLAR CELLS JOINED BY WAFER BONDING - An energy conversion device comprises at least two thin film photovoltaic cells fabricated separately and joined by wafer bonding. The cells are arranged in a hierarchical stack of decreasing order of their energy bandgap from top to bottom. Each of the thin film cells has a thickness in the range from about 0.5 μm to about 10 μm. The photovoltaic cell stack is mounted upon a thick substrate composed of a material selected from silicon, glass, quartz, silica, alumina, ceramic, metal, graphite, and plastic. Each of the interfaces between the cells comprises a structure selected from a tunnel junction, a heterojunction, a transparent conducting oxide, and an alloying metal grid; and the top surface and/or the lower surface of the energy conversion device may contain light-trapping means.

2010-04-08

20100084000

ORGANIC PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION DEVICE AND POLYMER USEFUL FOR PRODUCING THE SAME - Disclosed is a polymer containing a repeating unit (repeating unit A) composed of one structure represented by the formula (1) below one structure represented by the formula (2) below and one or more structures represented by the formula (3) below. In this polymer, the difference between the maximum number of carbons in the carbon main chain contained in an alkyl group represented by R

2010-04-08

20100084001

SOLAR CELL MODULE - In a solar cell module, a plurality of solar cells are provided between a front surface protection member and a back surface protection member and bus bar electrodes

2010-04-08

20100084002

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A SOLDERABLE LFC SOLAR CELL REAR SIDE AND A SOLAR MODULE FROM SUCH CONNECTED LFC SOLAR CELLS - A semiconductor component, especially in the form of a solar cell, comprises a semiconductor substrate of a planar design having a first side, a second side lying opposite thereto and a surface normal standing vertically on sides and, at least one dielectric passivation layer arranged on the second side, at least one electrically conductive contact layer arranged on the passivation layer, a well solderable cover layer arranged on the contact layer and an adhesive layer arranged between the cover layer and the contact layer.

2010-04-08

20100084003

SOLAR CELL MODULE - A solar cell module includes a circuit board and a plurality of solar cell elements. Each of the solar cell elements is partly fastened to the circuit board and is partly protrudent from the circuit board.

2010-04-08

20100084004

INTEGRATING SPHERE PHOTOVOLTAIC RECEIVER EMPLOYING MULTI-JUNCTION CELLS - A photovoltaic module for converting laser radiation from a laser emitting light at a wavelength to electrical power is provided. The module comprises: (a) a housing having a cavity of generally optimized closed shape inside the housing, the cavity having an internal surface area A

2010-04-08

20100084005

SOLAR CELL MODULE - A solar cell module comprises a solar cell panel, a solar cell frame including an insertion groove in which a peripheral portion of the solar cell panel is inserted and a protrusion located within a corner part of the solar cell frame between a rear surface of the solar cell panel and a surface of the insertion groove facing each other.

2010-04-08

20100084006

Photovoltaic module - The present invention provides a photovoltaic module, comprising: a dye-sensitized solar cell; a supercapacitor, which is electrically connected to said dye-sensitized solar cell to store the electrical energy generated therefrom; and an electricity-consuming device, which is electrically connected to said dye-sensitized solar cell and said supercapacitor; wherein, when exposed to light, said dye-sensitized solar cell absorbs the light energy to transform into electrical energy, part of said electrical energy is to provide the operation of said electricity-consuming device, and the other part of said electrical energy is stored in said supercapacitor; in the circumstance of no light, said supercapacitor releases the stored electrical energy to said electricity-consuming device to maintain the operation thereof.

DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL COMPRISING METAL OXIDE NANOBALL LAYER AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF - A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a semiconductor electrode prepared by spraying a metal oxide nanoparticle dispersion on a conductive substrate using an electric field to form a metal oxide nanoball layer which is composed of agglomerated metal oxide nanoparticles and has a high porosity and specific surface area, exhibits improved photoelectric properties even when a gel or solid electrolyte is used.

2010-04-08

20100084009

Solar Cells - A photovoltaic cell comprising a semiconductor wafer comprising a front, light receiving surface and an opposite back surface, a passivation layer on at least the back surface, a doped layer opposite in conductivity type to the wafer over the passivation layer, an induced inversion layer, a dielectric layer over the doped layer, and one or more localized emitter contacts and one or more localized base contacts on at least the back surface extending at least through the dielectric layer; and a neutral surface photovoltaic cell comprising a semiconductor wafer comprising a front, light receiving surface and an opposite back surface, neutral passivation layer on at least the back surface, a dielectric layer over the passivation layer, and one or more localized emitter contacts and one or more localized base contacts on at least the back surface extending at least through the dielectric layer.

2010-04-08

20100084010

Solar Cell Having Tandem Organic and Inorganic Structures and Related System and Method - A solar cell includes an organic heterojunction having at least one donor material and at least one acceptor material. The solar cell also includes an inorganic heterojunction having multiple inorganic semiconductor materials. The organic heterojunction and the inorganic heterojunction could absorb light in different portions of a solar spectrum. For example, the organic heterojunction could absorb higher-energy photons, and the inorganic heterojunction could absorb lower-energy photons. The inorganic heterojunction could include a p-type inorganic semiconductor material having a bandgap between one and two electron-volts and an n-type inorganic semiconductor material having a bandgap greater than three electron-volts. An inorganic semiconductor layer could be placed between the organic heterojunction and the inorganic heterojunction. The inorganic semiconductor layer could be configured to collect holes generated by the organic heterojunction and to block electrons generated by the organic heterojunction.

2010-04-08

20100084011

ORGANIC TANDEM SOLAR CELLS - There is disclosed an organic photovoltaic device comprising two or more organic photoactive regions located between a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein each of the organic photoactive regions comprise a donor, and an acceptor, and wherein the organic photovoltaic device comprises at least one exciton blocking layer, and at least one charge recombination layer, or charge transfer layer between the two or more photoactive regions. It has been discovered that a high open circuit voltage can been obtained for organic tandem solar cells according to this disclosure. Methods of making and methods of using are also disclosed.

SOLAR CELL - A solar cell is disclosed. The solar cell includes an n-type or p-type amorphous silicon layer, a transparent electrode, and a metal buffer layer between the transparent electrode and the amorphous silicon layer. The metal buffer layer contains at least one of In, Sn, B, Al, Ga, and Zn. When the transparent electrode contains indium tin oxide (ITO), the metal buffer layer contains at least one of In and Sn. When the transparent electrode contains zinc oxide, the metal buffer layer contains at least one of B, Al, Ga, and Zn.