Tail bits and Fixed bits are all "0". Let us look at how the carrier waveform looks like with the help of equations illustrated in earlier article.

Carrier waveform is represented as:

____

x(t') =

√

(

2Ec

T

) . cos(2πf0t' + φ(t') + φ0)

The phase difference is also function of t and αi (differentially encoded bits):

φ(t') =

n

.

t'-iT

.

Σ

( αiπh .

∫

g(u) du )

i=1

.

-∞

.

αi = { +1, -1 }
h = 0.5

Let us look at φ(t') with the help of waveforms. We would separate out πh and draw φ(t') for 1 bit, 2 bits, 3 bits, and 4 bits transfer (each bit "0"):

If you observe, all waveforms start at value close to (-number of bits/2), becomes almost straight line of slope (1/T) and then saturates on (+number of bits/2). If we approximate φ(t'), we could re-write it as below: