Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for women globally. Women who have an acute coronary heart event may be more likely to die or to suffer complications during the initial recovery period than men, but are less likely to make use of cardiac rehabilitation programs. Although all models of cardiac rehab significantly improve heart health, investigators found that participating in women-only cardiac rehab resulted in significantly lower symptoms of anxiety and depression and improvements in diet. Their findings are published in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology.

Earlier studies have shown that participating in an outpatient cardiac rehab program, comprised of structured exercise training and comprehensive education and counseling, may reduce deaths by 25%, as well as reduce re-hospitalization and the need for further heart treatments. Participating in a cardiac rehab program is also associated with heart health behavior changes such as increased exercise, improved diet, smoking cessation, as well as improvements in psychosocial well-being.

Despite these benefits and clinical practice guideline recommendations for referring women to cardiac rehabilitation, a recent analysis showed what while 45% of men enroll in these programs, only 39% of women do. Accordingly, the authors of this research have been looking at ways to engage more women in cardiac rehab so they also reap the many benefits.

Investigators from York University and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada compared health behaviors and psychosocial outcomes of women randomly allocated to women’s-only cardiac rehabilitation programs with women allocated to participation in traditional mixed-sex (co-ed) or home-based programs. After a few sessions at the cardiac rehab program, participants were supported in their rehab regularly by phone and email.

Self-reported physical activity increased and quality of life improved among women who attended the supervised programs. At the end of rehab, women who had attended mixed-sex programs exhibited higher levels of anxious and depressive symptoms than patients in women-only programs. Diet improved among women attending women-only programs. Patients who had participated in either mixed-sex or women-only programs reported increased physical activity, but overall women were not getting the recommended 150 minutes per week.

“Diet improved and depressive and anxious symptoms were lower with women-only cardiac rehabilitation participation. Nevertheless, physical activity and quality of life improved with all supervised cardiac rehabilitation participation and the overall adjusted results of this trial suggest that women’s outcomes are equivalent regardless of participation in women-only, mixed-sex or home-based cardiac rehabilitation,” explained lead investigator Sherry L. Grace, PhD, of the School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, and Senior Scientist with the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute of the University Health Network. “Therefore, we need to get more women to cardiac rehab, and let them choose the type of program they will be most likely to stick with.”

Full text of this article is available to credentialed journalists upon request. Contact Eileen Leahy at +1 732 238 3628or cjcmedia@elsevier.com to obtain copies. Journalists who wish to interview the authors should contact Dr. Sherry Grace at sgrace@yorku.ca.

About the Canadian Journal of CardiologyThe Canadian Journal of Cardiology is the official journal of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society. It is a vehicle for the international dissemination of new knowledge in cardiology and cardiovascular science, particularly serving as a major venue for the results of Canadian cardiovascular research and Society guidelines. The journal publishes original reports of clinical and basic research relevant to cardiovascular medicine as well as editorials, review articles, case reports, and papers on health outcomes, policy research, ethics, medical history, and political issues affecting practice.

About the Editor-in-ChiefEditor-in-Chief Stanley Nattel, MD, is Paul-David Chair in Cardiovascular Electrophysiology and Professor of Medicine at the University of Montreal and Director of the Electrophysiology Research Program at the Montreal Heart Institute Research Center.

About the Canadian Cardiovascular SocietyThe Canadian Cardiovascular Society is the professional association for Canadian cardiovascular physicians and scientists working to promote cardiovascular health and care through knowledge translation, professional development, and leadership in health policy. The CCS provides programs and services to its 1900+ members and others in the cardiovascular community, including guidelines for cardiovascular care, the annual Canadian Cardiovascular Congress, and, with the Canadian Cardiovascular Academy, programs for trainees. More information about the CCS and its activities can be found at www.ccs.ca.

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