table with 3 columns: "Area "; "Adherents "; "Population Percentage "; "Secular Humanists are sometimes hard to classify, and perhaps even more difficult to obtain demographic data about. The following distribution lists two groups: Nonreligious and Atheists. Nonreligious are defined as persons professing no religion, nonbelievers, agnostics, freethinkers, and dereligionized secularists indifferent to all religion. "; [Asia, Eurasia, & Europe all distinct from each other in this table]

Nonreligious

Europe

108,000,000

14.81%

-

-

1998

World Almanac and Book of Facts 2000. Mahwah, NJ: PRIMEDIA Reference Inc. (1999), pg. 695. [Source: 1999 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]

"The line of Chosen Chiefs includes, besides [John] Toland, Dr. Stukeley and Lewis Spence, the antiquarians, and William Blake, the visionary poet and artist. The main English Order was reformed in 1964 as the Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids, conforming to these grades in Brittany, France and Wales. At the same time the public observances were increased to eight -- the four solstices and equinoxes, and the four Celtic festivals of Imbolc..., Beltane..., Lugnasad..., and Samhain... "

"Viennese occultist, racial theorist and founder of the Order of New Templars, ...Jorg Lanz von Liebenfels... was born at Vienna on 19 July 1874 as Adolf Lanz... In 1893, at the age of 19, he became a novice at a Cistercian monastery at Heiligenkreuz (on the present Austro-Hungarian border) but was expelled six years later... Shortly afterwards he founded his Order of New Templars, which had a strongly 'racial-religious' emphasis. In 1934, a year after Hitler came to power, he wrote that the Order was 'the first manifestation of the Movement (i.e. HItler's) which now, in accordance with the law of God, is most powerful in history and unrestrainedly sweeping over the world.' Lanz was not the only founder of a Central European sect to claim that he had anticipated Hitler's racial and other theories. "

"The Order of New Templars... acquired its first Temple in 1907 when Lanz purchased and equipped Burg Werfenstein, a romantic ruin high above the River Danube... Other Temples were consecrated later at Marienkamp, close to the Plattensee, at Staufen near Ulm, and at Rugen on the Baltic coast. The Order also had sells at Salzburg and in Hungary... [Total of 6 locations, at least.] The New Templars never represented a mass movement and its existence probably remained unknown to all except an enthusiastic minority. With the exception of the dramatist August Strindberg, with whom Lanz was on friendly terms, no widely-known personalities were members. "

Orthodox (Eastern Christian)

Europe

158,775,008

21.77%

-

-

1998

World Almanac and Book of Facts 2000. Mahwah, NJ: PRIMEDIA Reference Inc. (1999), pg. 695. [Source: 1999 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]

Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1998 "

other

Europe

443,000

0.06%

-

-

1995

The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ) pg. 646. [Source: 1996 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]

Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1995 "; "Other religionists. Incl. 70 minor world religions and a large number of spiritist religions, New Age religions, quasi-religions, pseudoreligions, parareligions, mystic systems,etc. "

other

Europe

450,000

0.06%

-

-

1996

The World Almanac & Book of Facts 1998 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ) pg. 654. [Source: 1997 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]

Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1996 "; "Other religionists. Incl. 70 minor world religions and a large number of spiritist religions, New Age religions, quasi-religions, pseudoreligions, parareligions, mystic systems,etc. "

other

Europe

233,000

0.03%

-

-

1998

World Almanac and Book of Facts 2000. Mahwah, NJ: PRIMEDIA Reference Inc. (1999), pg. 695. [Source: 1999 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]

Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1998 "; "Other religionists. Including minor world religions and a large number of spiritist religions [although 'Spiritists' listed separately], New Age religions, quasi-religions, pseudo religions, parareligions, religious or mystic systems, and religious and semireligious brotherhoods of numerous varieties. "

Parsis

Europe

1,000

0.00%

-

-

1995

The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ) pg. 646. [Source: 1996 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]

Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1995 "

Parsis

Europe

1,000

0.00%

-

-

1996

The World Almanac & Book of Facts 1998 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ) pg. 654. [Source: 1997 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]

Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1996 "

Paterin

Europe

-

-

-

-

1050 C.E.

Malcom, Noel. Bosnia: A Short History. Washington Square, NY: New York University Press (1994), pg. 32-33.

"The word normally used [for the Bosnian Church] in Ragusan sources and in some Italian documents too--but never in Bosnia itself--was 'Patareni' or 'Patarini' (in English, 'Patarins). This term also has a rather puzzling history. First used in 11th century Milan to describe a fiercely puritanical reformist movement in the Catholic Church, it had become transferred by the end of that century to other campaigners, including heretical ones, against the established Church. In the late 12th century it was being sued as a virtual synonym for heresies which aimed at a superior kind of purity..., such as the Waldensians and Cathars, and in the 13th century 'Patarin' was the usual word for the Cathars of northern Italy... It first appears in connection with Bosnia in a letter from the Archbishop of Split to the Pope in 1200... "

Pentecostal

Europe

-

-

-

-

1920

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 564.

"Pentecostal churches... Pentecostalism spread rapidly around the world after 1906, due to a vigorous missionary program, and by 1920 it was established in Europe under the leadership of Norwegian Methodist T. B. Barratt... "

Pietism

Europe

-

-

-

-

1727

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 567.

"Pietism... In its stricter definition Pietism centers around the renewal activities of Philipp Jakob Spener... and August Hermann Francke (1663-1727), both Lutherans. In its broader sense, Pietism incorporates, first, prior reform currents within the Geramn Reformed; second, links to English Puritanism, Dutch Precisianism, and French Quietism; and third, later contacts with Wesleyanism. "

PL Kyodan

Europe

-

-

2units

-

1999

*LINK* Official web site of PL Kyodan; web page: "PL Church Directory in Europe and Oceania " (viewed 11 April 1999).

Bishop, Peter & Michael Darton (editors). The Encyclopedia of World Faiths: An Illustrated Survey of the World's Living Faiths. New York: Facts on File Publications (1987), pg. 311.

Graphic: "Number of Primal New Religious Movements (PRINERMS) By Area (All numbers are approximate) "; Number of PRINERMS in Europe ( "tribal peoples only "): 5.

primal-indigenous

Europe

1,200,000

0.17%

-

-

1995

The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ) pg. 646. [Source: 1996 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]

Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1995 "; Called "Ethnic religionists " in this table.

primal-indigenous

Europe

1,150,000

0.16%

-

-

1996

The World Almanac & Book of Facts 1998 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ) pg. 654. [Source: 1997 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]

Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1996 "; Called "Ethnic religionists " in this table.

primal-indigenous

Europe

1,262,000

0.17%

-

-

1998

World Almanac and Book of Facts 2000. Mahwah, NJ: PRIMEDIA Reference Inc. (1999), pg. 695. [Source: 1999 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]

Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1998 "; [Listed in table as 'Ethnic religionists]

Protestant

Europe

-

-

-

-

1550 C.E.

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 171.

"...other pioneers, the reformers of the sixteenth century came into confliect with Rome and formed separate Protestant churches across northwest Europe. Under Henry VIII the Church of England refused to obey the pope and became independent. Scotland, the Netherlands, much of Switzerland, all of Scandinavia, many territories in Germany, and large factions in France followed the Protestant lead. "

"Quietism in its specialized sense denotes a heretical Christian movement which came into full flower in the 17th century in Spain, Italy and especially France, although its roots stretched far back into the past. "

"Palmer obtained some of her numbers from the British National Guide, Dr. Marcus Wenner, who, in 1995, believed there were 10,000 members in Europe, and that the movement existed in 67 countries. (Palmer, 1995A:195) "

"...although their early migration patterns are anything but clear, Gypsies were reported in southeastern Europe (Greece, Hungary, Romania, Serbia) by the 1300s, and in western Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Holland, Switzerland, Spain) by the 1400s. "

"Today we would probably not use the word witchcraft to describe the Lapp [Sami] religion; but it accurately reflects the attitude of the period, when pagan cults and sorcery were held to be synonymous. The Lapps were extensively converted towards the end of the 17th century, and the change from pagan to Christian belief is reflected in certain of their legends... "

"Lapland "; Illustration caption: "Stallo, the stupid giant of Lapp legend, may reflect the Lapps' opinion of their dominating neighbours. Among this small, hardy race, spread across the far north of Europe from Russia to the Atlantic coast, pagan practices survived alongside Christianity until well into the 19th century. "

"Scania - the common name for the provinces of Skane, Halland and Blekinge has 1.5 million inhabitants. Historically the Island of Bornholm was also included in the Scanian territory. The member organisation is very EU positive and has fully adopted the EU subsidiarity principle, which means that every political decision shall be taken at the lowest possible level. "

Separatists

Europe

-

-

-

2 countries

1587 C.E.

Walker, Williston. A History of the Christian Church (3rd ed., revised by Robert T. Handy; 1st ed. 1918). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons (1970), pg. 407.

"Separatism had waned after Browne's return to the Church of England, but soon reappeared. In 1587 Henrey Barrow (1550?-1593),a lawyer of London, and John Greenwood (?-1593), a clergyman, were arrested for holding Separatist meetings in London. From their prison they smuggled manuscrpits which appeared as printed treatises in Holland, attacking Anglicans and Puritans alike, and advocating strict Separatist principles more radical than those of Browne. A number were won, including Francis Johnson... "

World Almanac and Book of Facts 2000. Mahwah, NJ: PRIMEDIA Reference Inc. (1999), pg. 695. [Source: 1999 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]

Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1998 "

Socinianism

Europe

-

-

-

-

1658

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally published as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 697.

"Socinianism (Christian). A sixteenth century form of the Radical Reformation, stemming from the Sienese rationalists Laelius and Faustus Socinus (Sizzini). Laelius (1525-62) forged a Unitarian creed which was developed by his nephew, Faustus (1539-1604), who, after studying and publishing in Basle settled in Poland. There he exerted a decisive influence on the already anti-Trinitarian Minor Reformed Church, which for a time bid for religious dominance in Poland. Through an academy, a press, and a communitarian settlement, Socianism spread. Public awareness of Socinian heresy brought reprisals--mob violence in Faustus' final years, suppression of academy and press and flight of ministers in 1638, and the death penalty for Socinians in 1658. "

Socinianism

Europe

-

-

-

-

1700

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally published as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 697.

"Socinianism (Christian)... Exile communities [outside Poland] were established in Translyvania, Germany, the Netherlands, and England. In England, Socinianism developed a significant local rootage and in the eighteenth century a Unitarian denomination developed. "

"SOCINIANISM: a RATIONALISTIC THEOLOGY which regards the BIBLE as REVELATION but argues that it contains nothing contrary to REASON and denies BELIEF in the SACRAMENTS of the CHURCH, the TRINITY, deity of CHRIST, ORIGINAL SIN, VICARIOUS ATONEMENT and RESURRECTION of the body. "

Solar Temple

Europe

-

-

-

-

1999

*LINK* Rifkin, Ira. "Agency May Be Formed to Track Activities of 'Dangerous Sects' in Europe " in Salt Lake Tribune, Saturday, June 26, 1999 (viewed online 26 June 1999).

"In addition, the report noted the need to head off further 'serious disturbances of law and order' and 'carnage' associated in recent years with groups such as Japan's Aum Shinri Kyo cult and the Order of the Solar Temple in France and Switzerland. "

Spiritism

Europe

17,000

0.00%

-

-

1995

The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ) pg. 646. [Source: 1996 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]

Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1995 "

Spiritism

Europe

18,000

0.00%

-

-

1996

The World Almanac & Book of Facts 1998 (K-111 Reference Corp.: Mahwah, NJ) pg. 654. [Source: 1997 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]

Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1996 "

Spiritism

Europe

129,000

0.02%

-

-

1998

World Almanac and Book of Facts 2000. Mahwah, NJ: PRIMEDIA Reference Inc. (1999), pg. 695. [Source: 1999 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]

Table: "Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-1998 "

"In several European countries the Order was not rigorously persecuted and there were no general confessions; Clement had to issue another Bull to force Edward II of England to use torture on English Templars. In France the Inquisition attempted to force the truth from the Templars for nearly three years. Many died from their ordeals. In 1310 a number of knights came forward to defend the Order, and Philip, unwilling to risk doubt being thrown on the proceedings, had 54 Templars burned to death. All refused to confess. In 1312, the unhappy Clement... had to admit that there was not enough evidence to prove definite heresy. But the Templars' reputation was irretrievably damaged, and he dissolved the Order, stipulating that its funds be transferred to the Hospitallers, a rival crusading order. Templars who had not perished by fire or in jail were allowed to join another order or to revert to the secular state... In Spain, Portugal and Germany... the Order had suffered least... "

"There are numerous Centers in India and Southern Asia; 5 Centers in North America; 4 Centers in Europe; 5 Centers in Australia/New Zealand; and 1 Center in Japan. Each Center maintains its own schedule of regular ten day Vipassana courses. "

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally published as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 802.

"Waldenses... Once rejected by the church, Waldo and his followers organized themselves... They followed a morally rigorous mode of life and spread rapidly by preaching, carrying their message throughout southern France, northern Italy, Spain, and central Europe, including Bohemia, where Waldo died in 1217. "

Zen

Europe

-

-

-

-

1981

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally published as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 825.

"In Europe scholarship in Buddhist texts has generally overshadowed interest in Zen practice, though Rudolph Otto and Eugen Herrigel in Germany and more recently the work of Christmas Humphreys in England has done much to popularize Zen meditative practice. "

1800 Chart and accompanying text: "In 1800 there were approximately 3 million Jews worldwide, distributed as shown below... These numbers represent individuals who have identified themselves as being religious Jews. "; 83.2% of 3 million.

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