comment:

Mineralization of the forestomach usually involves the submucosa, often along the basement membrane (
Figure 1
), and tunica muscularis (
Figure 2
). Microscopically, mineralization appears as distinct, crystalline, basophilic material in the tissue. Mineralization in the forestomach usually results from altered calcium-phosphorus metabolism and hyperparathyroidism associated with uremia secondary to end-stage chronic progressive nephropathy.

recommendation:

Mineralization should be diagnosed and graded based on the extent of the mineralization.