Autoimmune Diseases Quiz

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Autoimmune diseases can affect anyone, but women are at greater risk. These diseases also share common symptoms: fatigue, dizziness, and low-grade fever, according to the National Women’s Health Information Center. Test your knowledge of this serious--and mysterious--class of diseases.

1. Which of these is an autoimmune disease?

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AIDS stands for "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome," but this disease is not an autoimmune illness. It is caused by a virus (HIV), which damages the person's immune system. Autoimmune diseases include systematic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, Crohn's disease, and multiple sclerosis.

Instead of focusing on invading bacteria or viruses, the antibodies zero in on the body's own tissues, organs, or cells.

A. The person's immune cells dieB. Antibodies from the person's immune system mistakenly attack tissues in the bodyC. The person's immune system produces too many immune cellsD. None of the above

3. Autoimmune diseases strike which group more often?

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Researchers don't know why this is so, but one theory suggests that the hormone estrogen may play a role.

A. Children younger than 12B. Men older than 40C. Women of childbearing ageD. Women older than 50

4. What tissues, organs, or body systems can be affected by autoimmune diseases?

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Autoimmune disease can affect any organ in the body, although certain diseases attack specific organs. In Crohn's disease, for instance, the area affected is the gut. In multiple sclerosis, the areas affected are the brain and spinal cord.

A. SkinB. JointsC. ThyroidD. All of the above

5. Lupus is more common among women in which ethnic group?

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Lupus is more common among African-American women. Hispanic women also are more likely to develop lupus.

A. CaucasiansB. African-AmericansC. HispanicsD. B and C

6. How does a person develop an autoimmune disease?

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Autoimmune diseases have a variety of causes, although doctors don't yet know them all. Some illnesses, such as rheumatic fever, develop after a streptococcal infection. People taking a particular medication for high blood pressure (methyldopa) can develop the autoimmune illness lupus (the condition usually reverses itself once the drug is halted, but not in every case). Some autoimmune diseases run in families, which suggests that genes play a role.

A. It may be triggered by a virus, such as mumps, that's passed from one person to anotherB. It may be a complication of an existing infection, such as strep throatC. It may be caused by exposure to an environmental agentD. Most do not have an obvious causeE. All of the above

7. Why are some autoimmune diseases difficult to diagnose?

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For many autoimmune diseases, the vague early symptoms and lack of specific lab tests make them a diagnostic puzzle for doctors.

A. Symptoms may be vagueB. No specific lab tests exist to confirm a diagnosisC. Symptoms may come and go, making it hard to pinpoint the problemD. All of the above

8. Which of these autoimmune diseases can be cured?

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But some autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, can go into remission, even without treatment. For the most part, though, autoimmune illnesses are chronic, needing lifelong monitoring and care. Medication can help reduce or stop the damage caused by some of the diseases. Medication can also help suppress the immune system's response, helping to ease symptoms caused by the disease.