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Australia is divided geographically into four large area codes, some of which cover more than one state and territory. The standard telephone number in Australia (which within the telecommunications industry is referred to as a FNN - Full National Number) has ten digits, of which the first is '0'.

Fixed line telephone numbers in Australia consist of the area code (two digits, starting with '0'), and an eight-digit local number. The first four "local" digits generally specify the exchange, and the final four a line at that exchange.

Many exchanges, though, have several four-digit exchange codes - whereas in regional areas they use 5-digit exchange codes and 3-digit line numbers. Some very small exchanges can even have a 6-digit exchange code if there will never be more than 100 lines on that exchange.

Mobile phone numbers begin with 04 , followed by eight digits. e.g. 04yy yxx xxx . The y -digit codes are allocated per network, although with the introduction of number portability, there is no longer a fixed relationship between the mobile phone number and the network it uses. New numbers are still allocated to phone companies in blocks, so a new number will generally still be on its "home" network.

Country Code: 61

The following is the numbering plan in domestic format. The area codes do not exactly match political territories. Notably the part of NSW around Broken Hill (a large part of the state's area but less than 1% of its population), which uses (08) 80xx numbers; and Wodonga, which is in Victoria but uses the 02 prefix.

Landlines use an open dialing plan: if the caller's phone shares the same area prefix as the receiver, the prefix may be omitted. For example a call from the number (02) 5551 5678 , to the number (02) 7010 1111 , will get through if the caller only dials 7010 1111 . Similarly, a person who dials 7010 5678 on a landline or mobile phone in Melbourne (i.e., within the 03 area) will be connected to 03 7010 5678 . For this reason, landline numbers are often given out without the area prefix. If your number and the destination number share the same area code, then the area code is not required, even if it isn't a "local" call.

Mobile numbers must always be dialled as complete 10 digits, no matter where they are being called from. 04 is a prefix, not an "area code", as such.

Internationally the first 0 is replaced by the country code (e.g. +61 2 ... for NSW or +61 4... for a mobile number). Some numbers beginning with a 1 may be dialled without any replacement. (see below) There has been careful planning to avoid clashing with 01x numbers in this case.

End-user numbers are 10 digits long, conventionally written in the form (0x) xxxx xxxx for geographic and 04xx xxx xxx for mobile numbers. If the number is written where it may be viewed by an international audience (e.g. on an email signature or website) then the number is often written as +61 x xxxx xxxx or +61 4xx xxx xxx respectively (the initial 0 is not used for calls from overseas).

However mobile number portability means an individual number might have been "ported". There are also many resellers, and many companies buy "air time" from other companies for roaming.

Personal numbers (05

0500 - "Find me anywhere" - divert the number to a mobile or normal number and the caller pays the bill. This was the number prefix used by Telstra's OneNumber service. This was a flexible service that allowed you to associate an 0500 number with a variety of conventional numbers (typically home, office, mobile etc.). It could also be freely directed to any number in the world. Unfortunately, due probably to confusion with 0055 premium services, the rapid growth of mobiles and ineffective marketing by Telstra, the service never built many subscribers and was discontinued in 2007.

0550 - Proposed VOIP range

059 - Enum testing numbers

Other non-geographic numbers (00, 1

The following codes are not generally dialable from international points, but used in domestic dialling:

The 106 number is believed to be the first nation-wide TTY emergency service in the world.

13 xx xx , 1300 xxx xxx and 1800 xxx xxx numbers can provide source-based routing, used by organisations such as pizza chains that advertise one number nationwide that connects customers to their nearest store.

Virtually all FreeCall numbers in use are 1800 xxx xxx , though some organisations do use the shorter 7-digit version. -

Some of these numbers are dialable from overseas, it is up to the individual owner to set this up correctly (for 13 and 18 numbers at least) (e.g. +61 13x xxx

The current numbering plan would appear to be sufficient to cope with potential increase in demand for services for quite some time to come. The 06 and 09 area codes are completely unused, plus each current area code has large spaces unallocated.

0055 numbers were previously premium-rate numbers, but have been moved into 190 numbers before 1999. They are still referenced by many Australians.

013 was previously the directory assistance number, which has been moved to 1223 , 1234 and 12456 .

014 was originally the number for the time, which later was changed to 1104 , and more recently 1194 .

Until the early 1960s, the first one or two digits of telephone numbers in metropolitan areas were alphabetical, with each letter representing a distinct number on the telephone dial. Each one-letter or two-letter code signified an exchange within an urban area. Rural and regional areas typically relied on manual exchanges, or only one automatic exchange for the whole town, so rural and regional numbers did not feature these letter prefixes.

This alphanumeric scheme was significantly different to the current system used for SMS messages.

The former alphanumeric scheme was:

A = 1; B = 2; F = 3; J = 4; L = 5; M = 6; U = 7; W = 8; X = 9; Y = 0

The old call back number was 199, and could be used on public pay phones, and private numbers too. This has been moved to newer numbers.

International access codes

The main international prefix is 0011 (there are others for special purposes, such as 0018 , for charging in half-hour blocks, 0015 , for fax traffic, and 0014 , for discounted rates). However, carrier selection codes ( 14xx ) are now also used, and carrier pre-selection is widely used.

Emergency services numbers

000 is the primary emergency telephone number in Australia. Secondary emergency numbers are 106 (for use by the hearing impaired with a TTY terminal) and the international GSM mobile emergency telephone number 112 .

Increased awareness of the 112 emergency number in Australia has led to the potential for confusion over which number to call in an emergency. As a secondary emergency number, 112 is not guaranteed to work from all technologies; most notably, it does not work from land lines. - In order to encourage use of 000, mobile telephones imported commercially into Australia are required to be programmed to treat 000 in the same fashion as 112 (i.e. dialling with key lock enabled, use of any carrier, preferential routing, etc.) ]. On older or privately imported (e.g. roaming from another country) telephones, 000 may not receive such preferential treatment.

A proposed amendment to the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Service Standards) Act 1999 would prevent carriers from providing emergency services access to SIM-less devices, i.e. mobile telephones that do not have a SIM installed.[ 5 -

Freecall, local-rate and premium-rate numbers

Australia uses the free call prefix 1800 . This is copied from the North American or NANPA prefix 1-800 , but while in North America, the 1 is the long-distance or toll prefix and 800 is the area code, 1800 in Australia is itself a "virtual area code" (prior to the introduction of 8-digit numbers, the free call code was 008 ).

The 13 and 1300 numbers are known as Local Rate Numbers or SmartNumbers[ 6 - . These work across large areas (potentially the whole of Australia) and only charge a local call, routing the call to the appropriate place in a given area. For example, a company could have the number 139999 and have the telephone company set it up so that calls made in Melbourne would route to their Melbourne number, calls made in Brisbane to their Brisbane number, and calls made anywhere else in Australia route to their Sydney number, all at a local charge cost to the caller. 13 numbers were not available before the introduction of the new numbering plan. Businesses looking for local callers tend to connect a "1300".[ 7 - .

1800 , 1300 and 13 numbers are reverse charge networks. There is no real difference between a 13 number and a 1300 number other than the length of the number. The difference between a 13 number and an 1800 number is that a 13 number attracts a local call connect fee (around 25c). A call to an 1800 is free (no fee to the caller if using a landline phone; mobile users are usually charged at standard rates). These numbers "forward" to a geographic or mobile number. When a 13 number is called by a user in the same local call area there is no cost to the recipient for the first few minutes. The recipient is usually charged at a set rate per minute for call, depending on plan and destination.

Similarly, 190x (not to be confused with 0198 , described below) is the code for premium rate services (e.g. recorded information, competition lines, psychics, phone sex, etc.). (Prior to the introduction of 8-digit numbers, the area code was 0055 .) 190 numbers incur a rate as charged by the provider - either at a per-minute rate (limited at $5.50 per minute) or a fixed rate (up to $38.50 per call). The latter method is most often used for fax-back services, where a timed charge is not appropriate. Costs of 190 calls for competitions involving chance are also often limited by state legislation to $0.55 per call. (In the previous numbering plan, 0055 numbers were limited to three bands: Premium Rate, Value Rate and Budget Rate, with per minute rates of $0.75, $0.60 and $0.40 respectively.)

Other numbers beginning with 19 are used for premium-rate SMS services. These were originally trialled using the 188 prefix. These can actually range from a standard SMS cost (usually 25c), up to 55c for competition use, to several dollars for other uses, such as unique bid auctions.

All calls to 0198 numbers are a "local call" cost like 13 and 1300 numbers but are used for internet service provider access numbers. They are used both with dial up modems and ISDN.

01471 xxxxx numbers are predominantly used for satellite phone services. The 01471 prefix is the 10 digit replacement for the previous, 9 digit ITERRA satellite phone code '0071 xxxxx'. Prior to its use for ITERRA (and other satellite services), the '014' prefix had been used as a 9 digit, AMPS mobile phone access code.

0145xxxxxx numbers are used for satellite phone services utilised on the Optus network in Australia. This is predominantly used for MobileSat and Thuraya mobile satellite services.

Feature codes

These codes are only true for Telstra-infrastructure based landline phones

Call waiting

*#43# - Check call waiting status

*43# - Enable call waiting

#43# - Disable call waiting

*44 - Dial before a number to disable call waiting for the call duration (Enabled on Ericsson 'AXE' and Alcatel 'S12' based exchanges

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