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Source specific exposure and risk assessment for indoor aerosolshttps://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/8129e19c-c0a6-4237-ac3e-7b8939cba2c4
Koivisto, Antti JoonasKling, Kirsten IngaHänninen, OttoJayjock, MichaelLöndahl, JakobWierzbicka, AnetaFonseca, Ana SofiaUhrbrand, KatrineBoor, Brandon E.Jiménez, Araceli SánchezHämeri, KaarleMaso, Miikka DalArnold, Susan F.Jensen, Keld A.Viana, MarMorawska, LidiaHussein, Tareq2019Poor air quality is a leading contributor to the global disease burden and total number of deaths worldwide. Humans spend most of their time in built environments where the majority of the inhalation exposure occurs. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is challenged by outdoor air pollution entering indoors through ventilation and infiltration and by indoor emission sources. The aim of this study was to understand the current knowledge level and gaps regarding effective approaches to improve IAQ. Emission regulations currently focus on outdoor emissions, whereas quantitative understanding of emissions from indoor sources is generally lacking. Therefore, specific indoor sources need to be identified, characterized, and quantified according to their environmental and human health impact. The emission sources should be stored in terms of relevant metrics and statistics in an easily accessible format that is applicable for source specific exposure assessment by using mathematical mass balance modelings. This forms a foundation for comprehensive risk assessment and efficient interventions. For such a general exposure assessment model we need 1) systematic methods for indoor aerosol emission source assessment, 2) source emission documentation in terms of relevant a) aerosol metrics and b) biological metrics, 3) default model parameterization for predictive exposure modeling, 4) other needs related to aerosol characterization techniques and modeling methods. Such a general exposure assessment model can be applicable for private, public, and occupational indoor exposure assessment, making it a valuable tool for public health professionals, product safety designers, industrial hygienists, building scientists, and environmental consultants working in the field of IAQ and health.http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/8129e19c-c0a6-4237-ac3e-7b8939cba2c4http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.398scopus:85062356173engScience of the Total Environment; 668, pp 13-24 (2019)ISSN: 0048-9697Miljömedicin och yrkesmedicinAir qualityEmissionHealthMass balanceModelingRegulationSource specific exposure and risk assessment for indoor aerosolscontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextRelating aerosol mass spectra to composition and nanostructure of soot particleshttps://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/989bfe5a-c753-4629-9c40-11a7f6f9ef9c
Malmborg, VilhelmEriksson, AxelTörök, SandraZhang, YilongKling, Kirsten IMartinsson, JohanFortner, EdwardGren, LouiseKook, SanghoonOnasch, TimothyBengtsson, Per-ErikPagels, Joakim2019The composition and carbon nanostructure of soot are important parameters influencing health and climate effects, and the efficacy of soot mitigation technologies. We used laser-vaporization, electron-ionization aerosol mass spectrometry (or SP-AMS) to systematically investigate relationships between aerosol mass spectra, carbon nanostructure (HRTEM), and composition (thermal-optical carbon analysis) for soot with varying physicochemical properties. SP-AMS refractory black carbon concentrations (based on C≤5+ clusters) were correlated to elemental carbon (r = 0.98, p &lt; 10−8) and equivalent black carbon (aethalometer) concentrations. The SP-AMS large carbon (C≥6+, midcarbons and fullerene carbons) fraction was inversely correlated to fringe length (r = −0.97, p = 0.028) and linearly correlated to the fraction of refractory organic carbon that partially pyrolize during heating (r = 0.89, p &lt; 10−4). This refractory organic carbon material was incompletely detected with conventional aerosol mass spectrometry (flash vaporization at 600 °C). This suggests that (SP-AMS) refractory carbon cluster analysis provides insight to chemical bonding and nanostructures in refractory carbon materials, lowcarbons (C≤5+) indicate mature soot and large carbons indicate refractory organic carbon and amorphous nanostructures related to C5-components. These results have implications for assessments of soot particle mixing state and brown carbon absorption in the atmosphere and enable novel, on-line analysis of engineered carbon nanomaterials and soot characteristics relevant for climate and health.application/pdfhttp://lup.lub.lu.se/record/989bfe5a-c753-4629-9c40-11a7f6f9ef9chttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.072http://lup.lub.lu.se/search/ws/files/54154413/Malmborg_et_al._2019_Carbon.pdfscopus:85057158172enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessCarbon; 142, pp 535-546 (2019)ISSN: 0008-6223NaturresursteknikSootCarbonBlack carbonCombustion aerosolCombustion AerosolsFullerenesSoot evolutionRelating aerosol mass spectra to composition and nanostructure of soot particlescontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextPerspectives on Cluster Evolution : Critical Review and Future Research Issueshttps://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/42086217-bb31-4a24-b207-0f6170f6774e
Trippl, MichaelaGrillitsch, MarkusIsaksen, ArneSinozic, Tanja2015-01-01Abstract: The past two decades have witnessed an ever-growing scholarly interest in regional clusters. The focus of research has mainly been on exploring why clusters exist and what characteristics “functioning” clusters possess. Although the interest in more dynamic views on clusters is not new, in recent years, however, greater attention has been paid to providing better explanations of how clusters change and develop over time, giving rise to an increasing popularity of the cluster life-cycle approach. This paper discusses the key ideas and arguments put forward by the main protagonists of this approach and identifies several missing elements, such as indifference to place-specific factors, neglect of multi-scalar impacts and underappreciation of the role of human agency. Based on this critical assessment, a number of suggestions for future research are made. We argue that there is a need to study the influence of the wider regional environment on cluster evolution and to explore how cluster development paths are influenced by a multiplicity of factors and processes at various spatial scales. Finally, it is claimed that future research should pay more attention to the role of human agents and the ways they shape the long-term development of regional clusters. We outline how future studies can tackle these issues.http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/42086217-bb31-4a24-b207-0f6170f6774ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2014.999450scopus:84938952731engEuropean Planning Studies; 23(10), pp 2028-2044 (2015)ISSN: 0965-4313KulturgeografiPerspectives on Cluster Evolution : Critical Review and Future Research Issuescontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextHealthy indoor environments : The need for a holistic approachhttps://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/b2887f69-560a-4cea-b8f4-96742e86e604
Wierzbicka, AnetaPedersen, EjaPersson, RogerNordquist, BirgittaStålne, KristianGao, ChuansiHarderup, Lars ErikBorell, JonasCaltenco, HéctorNess, BarryStroh, EmilieLi, YujingDahlblom, MatsLundgren-Kownacki, KarinIsaxon, ChristinaGudmundsson, AndersWargocki, Pawel2018-09-01Indoor environments have a large impact on health and well-being, so it is important to understand what makes them healthy and sustainable. There is substantial knowledge on individual factors and their effects, though understanding how factors interact and what role occupants play in these interactions (both causative and receptive) is lacking. We aimed to: (i) explore interactions between factors and potential risks if these are not considered from holistic perspective; and (ii) identify components needed to advance research on indoor environments. The paper is based on collaboration between researchers from disciplines covering technical, behavioural, and medical perspectives. Outcomes were identified through literature reviews, discussions and workshops with invited experts and representatives from various stakeholder groups. Four themes emerged and were discussed with an emphasis on occupant health: (a) the bio-psycho-social aspects of health; (b) interaction between occupants, buildings and indoor environment; (c) climate change and its impact on indoor environment quality, thermal comfort and health; and (d) energy efficiency measures and indoor environment. To advance the relevant research, the indoor environment must be considered a dynamic and complex system with multiple interactions. This calls for a transdisciplinary and holistic approach and effective collaboration with various stakeholders.http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/b2887f69-560a-4cea-b8f4-96742e86e604http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091874scopus:85052702428engInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; 15(9), no 1874 (2018)ISSN: 1661-7827Miljömedicin och yrkesmedicinHealthy indoor environmentHolistic approachIndoor environment qualityMultidisciplinary studiesHealthy indoor environments : The need for a holistic approachcontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextIntroducing the dilemma of societal alignment for inclusive and responsible research and innovationhttps://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/06932c7c-1b56-47e6-ad9f-8457c8faa3f6
Ribeiro, BarbaraBengtsson, LarsBenneworth, PaulBuhrer, SusanneCastro-Martinez, ElenaHansen, MeikenJarmai, KatharinaLindner, RalfOlmos-Penuela, JuliaOtt, CordulaShapira, Philip2018In this discussion paper, we outline and reflect on some of the key challenges that influence the development and uptake of more inclusive and responsible forms of research and innovation. Taking these challenges together, we invoke Collingridge’s famous dilemma of social control of technology to introduce a complementary dilemma that of ‘societal alignment’ in the governance of science, technology and innovation. Considerations of social alignment are scattered and overlooked among some communities in the field of science, technology and innovation policy. By starting to unpack this dilemma, we outline an agenda for further consideration of social alignment in the study of responsible research and innovation.http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/06932c7c-1b56-47e6-ad9f-8457c8faa3f6http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2018.1495033scopus:85051961907engJournal of Responsible Innovation; 5(3), pp 316-331 (2018)ISSN: 2329-9460Övrig annan teknikinnovationIntroducing the dilemma of societal alignment for inclusive and responsible research and innovationcontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextOpen Notes in Swedish Psychiatric Care (Part 2) : Survey Among Psychiatric Care Professionalshttps://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/69966938-2207-4e46-b566-504297919f44
Petersson, LenaErlingsdóttir, Gudbjörg2018-06-01Background: This is the second of two papers presenting the results from a study of the implementation of patient online access to their electronic health records (here referred to as Open Notes) in adult psychiatric care in Sweden. The study contributes an important understanding of both the expectations and concerns that existed among health care professionals before the introduction of the Open Notes Service in psychiatry and the perceived impact of the technology on their own work and patient behavior after the implementation. The results from the previously published baseline survey showed that psychiatric health care professionals generally thought that Open Notes would influence both the patients and their own practice negatively. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe and discuss how health care professionals in adult psychiatric care in Region Skåne in southern Sweden experienced the influence of Open Notes on their patients and their own practice, and to compare the results with those of the baseline study. Methods: We distributed a full population Web-based questionnaire to psychiatric care professionals in Region Skåne in the spring of 2017, which was one and a half years after the implementation of the service. The response rate was 27.73% (699/2521). Analyses showed that the respondents were representative of the staff as a whole. A statistical analysis examined the relationships between health professional groups and attitudes to the Open Notes Service. Results: A total of 41.5% (285/687) of the health care professionals reported that none of their patients stated that they had read their Open Notes. Few health care professionals agreed with the statements about the potential benefits for patients from Open Notes. Slightly more of the health care professionals agreed with the statements about the potential risks. In addition, the results indicate that there was little impact on practice in terms of longer appointments or health care professionals having to address patients’ questions outside of appointments. However, the results also indicate that changes had taken place in clinical documentation. Psychologists (39/63, 62%) and doctors (36/94, 38%) in particular stated that they were less candid in their documentation after the implementation of Open Notes. Nearly 40% of the health care professionals (239/650, 36.8%) reported that the Open Notes Service in psychiatry was a good idea. Conclusions: Most health care professionals who responded to the postimplementation survey did not experience that patients in adult psychiatric care had become more involved in their care after the implementation of Open Notes. The results also indicate that the clinical documentation had changed after the implementation of Open Notes. Finally, the results indicate that it is important to prepare health care professionals before an implementation of Open Notes, especially in medical areas where the service is considered sensitive.http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/69966938-2207-4e46-b566-504297919f44http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/10521scopus:85048892949engJMIR Mental Health; 20(6), no e10521 (2018)ISSN: 2368-7959Hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisation, hälsopolitik och hälsoekonomiEHealthElectronic health recordsHealth care surveysHealth professionalsMental healthOpen NotesPostimplementation surveyPsychiatryTelemedicineOpen Notes in Swedish Psychiatric Care (Part 2) : Survey Among Psychiatric Care Professionalscontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextHobbit: Providing Fall Detection and Prevention for the Elderly in the Real Worldhttps://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/a3ed9b22-adb4-4a6f-a3fb-94b23c38b2ae
Bajones, MarkusFischinger, DavidWeiss, AstridWolf, DanielVincze, Markusde la Puente, PalomaKörtner, TobiasWeninger, MarkusPapoutsakis, KonstantinosMichel, DamienQammaz, AmmarPanteleris, PaschalisFoukarakis, MichalisAdami, IliaIoannidi, DanaiLeonidis, AsteriosAntona, MargheritaArgyros, AntonisMayer, PeterPanek, PaulEftring, HåkanFrennert, Susanne2018-06-03We present the robot developed within the Hobbit project, a socially assistive service robot aiming at the challenge of enabling prolonged independent living of elderly people in their own homes. We present the second prototype (Hobbit PT2) in terms of hardware and functionality improvements following first user studies. Our main contribution lies within the description of all components developed within the Hobbit project, leading to autonomous operation of 371 days during field trials in Austria, Greece, and Sweden. In these field trials, we studied how 18 elderly users (aged 75 years and older) lived with the autonomously interacting service robot over multiple weeks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a multifunctional, low-cost service robot equipped with a manipulator was studied and evaluated for several weeks under real-world conditions. We show that Hobbit’s adaptive approach towards the user increasingly eased the interaction between the users and Hobbit. We provide lessons learned regarding the need for adaptive behavior coordination, support during emergency situations, and clear communication of robotic actions and their consequences for fellow researchers who are developing an autonomous, low-cost service robot designed to interact with their users in domestic contexts. Our trials show the necessity to move out into actual user homes, as only there can we encounter issues such as misinterpretation of actions during unscripted human-robot interaction.http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/a3ed9b22-adb4-4a6f-a3fb-94b23c38b2aehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1754657scopus:85055807406engJournal of Robotics; 2018, no 1754657 (2018)ISSN: 1687-9619Robotteknik och automationHobbit: Providing Fall Detection and Prevention for the Elderly in the Real Worldcontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextCustomer value in self-service kiosks: a systematic literature reviewhttps://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/dbece8d8-b75b-4c67-ba81-5c9d449ceeb9
Vakulenko, YuliaHellström, DanielOghazi, Pejvak2018-05Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a cohesive overview of the available self-service and customer value literature, identify customer value in self-service kiosks (SSKs), and analyze this value from the customer experience perspective.Design/methodology/approach – The study comprises a systematic literature review of available works on customer value.Findings – The paper presents conclusions on the SSK’s technological forms, presence in industries, and conceptual state. The review also provides a cohesive inventory of customer value elements in SSKs. The in-depth analysis proposes two alternative models of the customer value creation process: linear and circular.Research limitations/implications – The study reveals gaps stemming from the inconsistency and fragmented nature of previous research on customer value in SSKs. The gaps are treated as opportunities for future studies.Practical implications – By identifying new sources of competitive advantage and new ways to improve customer service strategies and experience management, the findings support managerial decision making at the stages of considering, implementing, and improving SSK networks.Originality/value – This study is the first to systematically review and provide an inventory of customer value elements in SSKs. It, therefore, offers new perspectives on customer value creation using self-service technology.http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/dbece8d8-b75b-4c67-ba81-5c9d449ceeb9http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-04-2017-0084scopus:85046898072engInternational Journal of Retail & Distribution Management; 46(5), pp 507-527 (2018)ISSN: 0959-0552Teknik och teknologierSamhällsvetenskapCustomer experienceSystematic reviewSelf-service technologyCustomer valueSelf-service kiosksCustomer value in self-service kiosks: a systematic literature reviewcontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextTemperature-controlled airflow ventilation in operating rooms compared with laminar airflow and turbulent mixed airflowhttps://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/529a24d2-f826-4504-9177-6f399f982346
Alsved, M.Civilis, A.Ekolind, P.Tammelin, A.Andersson, A. ErichsenJakobsson, J.Svensson, T.Ramstorp, M.Sadrizadeh, S.Larsson, P. A.Bohgard, M.Šantl-Temkiv, T.Löndahl, J.2018-02Aim: To evaluate three types of ventilation systems for operating rooms with respect to air cleanliness [in colony-forming units (cfu/m3)], energy consumption and comfort of working environment (noise and draught) as reported by surgical team members. Methods: Two commonly used ventilation systems, vertical laminar airflow (LAF) and turbulent mixed airflow (TMA), were compared with a newly developed ventilation technique, temperature-controlled airflow (TcAF). The cfu concentrations were measured at three locations in an operating room during 45 orthopaedic procedures: close to the wound (&lt;40cm), at the instrument table and peripherally in the room. The operating team evaluated the comfort of the working environment by answering a questionnaire. Findings: LAF and TcAF, but not TMA, resulted in less than 10cfu/m3 at all measurement locations in the room during surgery. Median values of cfu/m3 close to the wound (250 samples) were 0 for LAF, 1 for TcAF and 10 for TMA. Peripherally in the room, the cfu concentrations were lowest for TcAF. The cfu concentrations did not scale proportionally with airflow rates. Compared with LAF, the power consumption of TcAF was 28% lower and there was significantly less disturbance from noise and draught. Conclusion: TcAF and LAF remove bacteria more efficiently from the air than TMA, especially close to the wound and at the instrument table. Like LAF, the new TcAF ventilation system maintained very low levels of cfu in the air, but TcAF used substantially less energy and provided a more comfortable working environment than LAF. This enables energy savings with preserved air quality.http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/529a24d2-f826-4504-9177-6f399f982346http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2017.10.013scopus:85034808911engJournal of Hospital Infection; 98(2), pp 181-190 (2018)ISSN: 0195-6701Medicinsk ergonomiAir samplingBioTrakEnergy efficiencyFluorescenceSurgical site infectionTemperature-controlled ventilationTemperature-controlled airflow ventilation in operating rooms compared with laminar airflow and turbulent mixed airflowcontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletextThe impact of ethnic communities on immigrant entrepreneurship : evidence from Swedenhttps://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/187e7669-f73c-4aca-b931-d42df786bf42
Tavassoli, SamTrippl, Michaela2019This paper seeks to provide novel insights into the effects of ethnic communities on immigrants’ entrepreneurial activities. We investigate to what extent the decision of an employed immigrant to become an entrepreneur is associated with his or her embeddedness in ethnic networks in the host region. We capture such embeddedness through various mechanisms. Using longitudinal-registered data from Sweden and employing a logit model, we find that merely being located in an ethnic community does not have an influence on immigrant entrepreneurship; rather, what matters is being located in ethnic communities that have a high share of entrepreneurs themselves.http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/187e7669-f73c-4aca-b931-d42df786bf42http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2017.1395007scopus:85036496963engRegional Studies; 53(1), pp 67-79 (2019)ISSN: 0034-3404Ekonomisk geografiembeddednessentrepreneurshipethnic communitiesimmigrantssocial capitalThe impact of ethnic communities on immigrant entrepreneurship : evidence from Swedencontributiontojournal/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletext