•Results: Confirmation that the device meets the requirements, evaluations

•Impacts: How this product/plan differs from other competitors?, applications, marketing(cost, potential consumers,…)

Building Blocks

Poor example for marketing [2]:

Chemical weapons in the hands of terrorists pose a terrible risk to our citizens and soldiers.Failure to stop a chemical attack would result in untold loss of life.

The chemical detection industry is a $20 billion dollar market and growing at a staggering 5%annually.

Good example for marketing [2]:

-Target customers: Large security forces charged with protecting against chemical attacksuch as NATO, port/airport security, major city police forces, etc.

-Target market size: $175 Million

-Military Force Protection:$50 M

-Fixed Sites: $50 M

-Foreign Governments: $75 M

Poor example for competitors [2]:

We have no competition OR None of our competitors use FFT technology instead relying onthe outdated ALP2 algorithms...

Good example for competitors [2] :

Primary Competitors:Bruker

and General Dynamics

The company's product can detect a wider array of dangerous gases from further away andwith significantly higher accuracy than our competitors.

The company recently defeated both of these competitors in securing a contract with thegovernment of Singapore, the Asian market leader

Examples (Analyze them)

Car theft is a crime that leaves the owner of a stolen vehicle in a seemingly helpless situation where they feelthat all they can do is wait to see if they ever find out what has happened to their vehicle. Each year,approximately 1.2 million vehicles are stolen in the United States alone, with a recovery rate of approximatelysixty-five percent [3]. The problem is that, once a vehicle is stolen, it can be hidden fairly easily and searchingfor a stolen vehicle can be time consuming since it could be moved over great distances. The GPS TrackingSystem (GTS) will greatly reduce the time it takes to locate a stolen vehicle by having it automatically report itsposition.

Inorder to fulfill its role, the GTS must be able to report its position to the owner of the vehicle. It will be ableto determine if it has been stolen, and if it does come to that conclusion then it will contact the owner’s PC toreport its latitude and longitude and call the owner’s cellular phone. An analog comparator found on themicrocontroller does the monitoring of the siren timers are used to determine how long the signals exist on thesiren wires. Long signals are interpreted as a possible theft, while short signals are interpreted as the ownerusing the alarm remote. If the theft detection mechanism is bypassed during the theft of the vehicle, then GTSwill still be useful in the recovery of the vehicle by allowing the owner to poll it for its current location.

Inorder to detect that the vehicle has been stolen, it will require the use of a previously installed car alarm. Itwill monitor the activity of the car alarm siren to determine if it is being stolen, and it will be able todifferentiate between the car alarm being armed, disarmed, or set off. The monitoring and controlling will beperformed by an Atmel ATmega128, and will be replaced with the lower cost ATmega64 when it becomesavailable. If the alarm is set off and not disabled by the owner’s remote, it will begin tracking the vehicle with aGarmin GPS receiver. If the vehicle begins to move, then it will use a GSM cellular modem to report its positionto the owner. Disabling the vehicle will be accomplished by opening a relay that will be used to remove powerfrom the vehicle’s fuel pump.

Testsshow that we have a workable design. The device detects the car alarm and notifies the owner’s PC. Itsends its location and calls the owner’s cellular phone. The device also currently has the capabilities to disablea car. The only major challenge left is reducing the cost of the design. The major reasons for the high cost arethe GPS and modem. The rest of the design is very cheap.

Thething that sets this design apart from other vehicle tracking solutions is that the owner can track theirvehicle themselves without monthly fees, instead of paying a company to track it for them if it should bestolen. Owning a vehicle with an installed GTS not only will aid in the recovery if it is stolen, but it will alsobring a peace of mind knowing that the recovery chances are also greater.

In today’s society, our modern lifestyle and activities require tremendous amounts of energy. This energy is most known as electricity, andthe method we use to obtain the energy greatly impacts the environment. The current annual global energy consumption is 4.1x1020 J or13x1012

W (13 terawatts) and will double by 2050. (International Energy Outlook, 2009) Because the current energy sources are depleting,there is a demand for an energy solution. This solution is alternative renewable energies and such energies are wind power, which isharvested through wind turbines; solar energy, which is harvested through solar panels; hydropower, which is harnessed by flow of water.

Of the renewable energies available, wind energy is rapidly growing because it is an abundant source that is constantly being

replenished.The first reliable information proving the existence of wind energy being harvested through turbines is in 644A.D. in the ancient area ofSeistan

in the Persian-Afghan border (Hau, 2005). Since then, turbines have changed dramatically. They are now bigger, more complex, andproduce more energy.

The complexity of turbines is all relative to harnessing as much power available. To be able to extract as much power as possible, we havedesigned a system which can control the turbine blades angle. It is essentially a system which can control and regulate power of the turbineat different wind velocities and is one of the most important optimization features for a wind turbine system. The efficiency

of

pitch control isreliant on the response time. It can control rotor power and speed of rotation as well as smoothing out loading variations (Hau, 2005).

We analyzed the lift and drag forces that act upon on the poly-propylene blades of an existing turbine of height 25cm. The pitch control has aset of bevel gears and a servo motor that turns the turbine blades to optimize the angle of attack. The pitch control can change

the bladesangles between 0 and 55 degrees in increments of 5 degrees. There is a micro controller which controls the servo motor and we haveprogrammed the micro controller in a way that it can change the blades angle to maximize the power coefficient which is the target variablewhich we want to control.

A micro controller will be used to control the pitch of the blade angle. The micro controller has a program which collects datawhich thenproduces a response by pitching the angle of the blade automatically. The pitch control and electrical systems is simplifiedtoa linear systemfor analysis.

We have designed the pitch control system to optimize the performance of the turbine. Our pitch control has the ability to change the bladeangle which can regulate the power by optimizing the power coefficient. The performance of the turbine has been analyzed at different pitchangles and tested with data collected. From the data we collected, we have concluded that a built in pitch control system isanessentialingredient to optimize the performance of the wind turbine.

As a result of the design, the turbine which currently is manually pitched will automatically control the pitch of the anglebased on the windvelocity input it is receiving along with the data that is currently available. Too often, wind turbines shut down occurs due to damage whichmay cause by the high wind speeds. It affects the wind turbines’ ability to harness power that is readily available. The energy crisis thatsociety is currently facing is being addressed through renewable energy sources. Wind turbine, besides providing energy fromunlimitednatural resources, will be more efficient with the implementation of a blade pitch control system.

https://sites.google.com/a/temple.edu/windgen/

Examples (Analyze them)

Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) are a very popular way to display information from compact and embedded systems. Systems that

use LCDs are found in classrooms as valuable teaching aids and in company research labs as debugging tools to test developing

products. In both of these situations, the information displayed needs to be easily viewable to all parties involved in testing,which is not easily achieved with a small LCD screen. There are many large format displays (LFDs) already in production.However, they cannot be used as direct replacements for LCDs because there are no large format displays in production thatcommunicate via the Hitachi HD44780 specification, which is the standard for LCD communication. Therefore, a Hitachiinterfaced large format display (HILFD) is needed to provide people performing system tests with an easily readable device to

mimic system LCDs.

The device’s control system will have to spend time processing commands and refreshing the LED arrays and will incorporate amicrocontroller in connection with digital logic to divide the work. The microcontroller will be the element of the system that

isresponsible for conforming to the HD44780 specification, which is the basis for several design constraints. The communicationstandard dictates the response time of the system, the initialization time of the system, the number of wires used for interfacing,and the minimum number of characters to be mapped by the system. These standards place requirements on our microcontrollersuch as the speed, the amount of RAM available, and the number of I/O pins.

There are other requirements not based on the communication standard. The customer’s needs provide constraint by requiring a

cost efficient price, a relatively small, lightweight package, and power consumption comparable with that of a light bulb.Technical issues constrain the LED array refresh rate and the design of the LED control circuit.

Since the spring, the HILFD project has overcome the lack of brightness, and the problem has been solved by reducing the duty

cycle driving the LEDs. The HILFD has been packaged but could use an interface module. The HILFD can communicate effectivelyusing the HD44780 standard, and the groundwork has been laid for a HILFD product line. With manufacturing and technicaldesign, the HILFD could be propelled into production.

The HILFD will provide an increase in testing facility efficiency. Whether students or technicians, the users will have an easilyinterfaced, highly visible data display for their system tests. The HILFD will also expand the LFD market into the laboratory andtesting equipmentindustryby replacing LCDs used at testing benches.

Approximately 85% of all energy consumption in the United States is produced using non-renewable, depleting andenvironmentally harmful sources. For wind energy to be a viable alternative, the industry must reduce the cost of operation ofwindmills. The wind turbine industry is currently plagued with failures of key components, and short life-spans of equipment. Thecomponent most responsible for downtime of a wind turbine is the gearbox. The gearbox increases the speed of the slow movingwindmill blade to power the generator. Gearbox replacement and lubrication is responsible for approximately 38% of the overallcost of a wind turbine and limits its lifespan to 20 years. The oil circulation system design decreases the financial risk in

fundingwind turbines which paves the way for a surge in growth of the industry.

Our Oil Circulation System will decrease the need for maintenance and extend the life of the gearbox. The oil in the sump willbeheated to ensure constant viscosity of oil in the system. An electric pump will send the oil through a series of both magnetic andmechanical filters. Pressure censors will monitor the flow of the oil to determine when the filters need to be changed. Oil

willthen flow through a radiator. Temperature sensors located through the system will determine whether the fan of the radiatorshould be turned on to cool the oil. Emergency bypass lines will be places around our devices in case of a breakdown. This willensure that the gears are not damaged due to failure of a component. Nozzles at the end of the system will distribute the oil

to

the places on the gears where it is needed. All the data from the sensors will be fed into the control system. This system willcontrol the heater in the sump and the radiator, alert the maintenance persons when the filters need to be changed and direct

theflow of the oil through bypass tubes when there is an emergency.

Our filtration system has exceeded the oil cleanliness ISO 15/13/10 specifications standards set of4406:99. The temperaturesensors contently monitor the changes in oil temperature, switching the heater and radiator fans on and off, to maintain an oiltemperature of 40°

C (+/-

5%). The electric pump is independent of the speed of the windmill so the flow rate is always constantthrough the system. The magnetic filter traps ware particles without obstructing the flow of oil. This system can operate for

morethan eight months without any downtime for maintenance while using less than 10kw of output power.

The operational cost of wind energy has decreased by 38%. This has attracted more investors to the market and decreased thedependence on fossil fuels for energy. This booming industry has increased employment, improved national security and savedthe environment.

Wind energy is a clean, independent and sustainable method of producing electricity. Currently, wind is a source that is experiencingincredible growth in the renewable energy sector. This strong growth creates a great investment opportunity as well as a logical

environmental choice. However, wind is a natural phenomenon with tremendous daily, seasonal and annual variability. Turbinesare

used toconvert wind power to electricity, but they require a minimum amount of wind speed to initiate rotation which produces electricity. Thevariability and minimum requirements of wind power can lead to significant risks of installing turbines that do not generateenough electricityto justify the capital and maintenance expenses. In order for the wind generation market to continue to grow, accurate knowledge

of windresource potential for a site must be gathered. Wind resources can be measured with anemometers, but placing anemometers over

an

entiresite to account for buildings, open space, man-made structures, and other obstacles is unfeasible because of its high cost. It would also beinaccurate, every location across a site is not encompassed, therefore wind resource potential can only be found by modeling.

Sufficient knowledge of wind resource potential can only come from a model of wind that predicts the wind in all three dimensions becausewind varies in all three dimensional directions. The proposed model is computer software that utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tomake predictions on wind speed, direction, and turbulence. CFD is based on theNavier-Stokes equation which takes into accountacceleration, pressure, and friction.Navier-Stokes outputs the instantaneous state of a fluid in motion, however this is complicated. Tosimplify the equation and CFD output, wind modeling is performed in an average state. Data used as input is also averaged, so

Navier-Stokesis modified to include the average and instantaneous states of the fluid. This combined equation is called the Time AveragedNavier

Stokesequation (TANS). TANS must be closed using at least one additional equation because TANS contains more variables than equations.

Theproposed software,UrbaWind

byMeteodyn,Inc, uses a single equation to close TANS. Since models must be verified, a representativeanemometer will be set up to determine how accurately the model predicted the wind. The model must also be verified through theextrapolation of wind data measured from other locations. These verifications are constrained to the accuracy of the wind model,

actual windmeasurements, and comparisons to third party sources.

The results of our model established that the Broad Street side of theMcGonigle

building was an adequate site for a wind turbine.UrbaWind

uses CFD and TANS to successfully model the wind’s speed, direction, turbulence, and pressure on the entire site. The model hasbeenvalidated by actual wind measurements to accuracy between 90 and 95 percent. The turbine can use the model to determine placement andis performing at expectations.McGonigle

is not the area of fastest wind speed, but other factors such as maintenance, structural stability,visibility, funding and research accessibility contributed to the selection ofMcGonigle’s

roof as the site for the turbine. The model provideddata that demonstrated there would be enough wind for a turbine to generate enough electricity to pay for itself within 8 years,

given thatthe cost of electricity grows at the predicted rate. The wind data was correlated to a power curve for different turbines todetermine thegeneration rates. The generations rates were in turn correlated to a financial model another company had created to determine

the incomeeach turbine would produce. The turbine selected is an optimization of available wind power, capital and maintenance costs and return oninvestment.

Urban lands have incredible potential for wind power generation. Approximately half the world lives in cities and much powerislost intransmission, locally produced electricity also makes sense. The sheer number of turbines can make an important impact in meeting globalcarbon emissions.UrbaWind

along with the financial model can provide significant clarification and information to an urban dweller who isthinking about generating electricity. It is also useful to a campus manager who wants to add a green asset to his electrical

generationportfolio. If you would like to reduce your carbon footprint,UrbaWind

software with financial modeling can provide you with the data tomake an informed decision and an incredible investment.

https://sites.google.com/a/temple.edu/urbanwind/

Examples (Analyze them)

Border security, particularly at airports, has become a worldwide concern in the aftermath of the events on 9/11, and it is a

primary thrust ofthe Department of Homeland Security and this ITR program. Biometric-based systems are expected to be a cornerstone of the U.S. homelandsecurity strategy. The goal of this proposal is to develop an automateddeceit detection

system that determines when a person is beingsufficiently deceptive to warrant further investigation. The long-term goal for such a system would be a fully automated systeminvolvingspeech and video inputs and outputs, and an intelligent agent that incorporates sophisticated speech and facial gesture generation as well asunderstanding. As a first step towards this far-reaching goal, we propose automatic processing of speech and video inputs moderated by ahuman agent who can direct questions based on a number of interpretations provided from their direct surveillance of the subject

and theautomated system. It will be critical that the system not require large amounts of subject-specific calibration data or speaker-specifica priori

knowledge. Knowledge of human behavior and subject-independent approaches to detection and estimation will be integrated with ashortamount of calibration data captured from answers to introductory questions.

We propose extending speaker verification technology and developing new model combination frameworks to fuse likelihoods from

acousticprocessing, prosody, facial analysis, and external knowledge sources (e.g., specially designed questions) into a single decision-making process.Optimal ways to encodea

priori

knowledge into conventional statistical modeling approaches will be an important research problem, alongwith speaker and response content normalization based on calibration data. We propose a five-year plan that consists of three phases. In thefirst phase, we will assemble the necessary infrastructure, such as databases and domain knowledge in this new problem area,and

calibratethe difficulty of the problem using the first implementation of our proposed system. In the second phase, we will perform basicalgorithmresearch on prosody and facial expression analysis, and fusion of these techniques into an integrated decision-making system. In

the finalphase of the project, we will evaluate the technology in a limited field test. The proposed research will be one of the first

attempts to providea rigorous framework for evaluation of such technology for airport security applications.

Intellectual merit:

The national priority area for this proposal isNational and

Homeland Security. The primary technical focus area isDMC:Innovative approaches to the integration of data and analysis systems, including dynamic, data-driven models for use in risk-assessment anddecision-making. The pioneering technical and scientific aspects of our work include (1)

development of resources, including databases andsoftware, to rigorously study this problem and to benchmark performance; (2)

(3) definition and recognition of new facialaction units for deceit detection; (4)

development of normalization techniques to

enable high performance verification using only smallamounts of calibration data; and (5)

use of risk minimization combined with a dynamic Bayesian network framework to handle multipleasynchronous streams of cues (possibly ambiguous) from audio and video to achieve high performance classification.

Broader impact:

The proposed research offers the potential for the development of biometrics technology of great interest to theDepartment of Homeland Security. Major benefits of this proposed research is the ability to increase the effectiveness and to

reduce thetraining time required of human agents, while reducing delays for most travelers. The project will culminate with the development of anapplicationtestbed

that can be used for future research evaluations. If successful, a path to development of this technology for a variety ofsimilar applications will follow. We also propose conducting four workshops for graduate students and researchers on technologyrelated tothis project, and to encourage participation of underrepresented groups at these workshops. All educational materials related

to

theseworkshops will be made available on the web to support graduate course work.