1.
American football
–
The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, or else they turn over the football to the opposing team, if they succeed, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the teams end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponents goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins, American football evolved in the United States, originating from the sports of association football and rugby football. The first game of American football was played on November 6,1869, during the latter half of the 1870s, colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code, which allowed carrying the ball. American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States, Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game, with the other major levels being high school and youth football. As of 2012, nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually, almost all of them men, in the United States, American football is referred to as football. The term football was established in the rulebook for the 1876 college football season. The terms gridiron or American football are favored in English-speaking countries where other codes of football are popular, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, American football evolved from the sports of association football and rugby football. What is considered to be the first American football game was played on November 6,1869 between Rutgers and Princeton, two college teams, the game was played between two teams of 25 players each and used a round ball that could not be picked up or carried. It could, however, be kicked or batted with the feet, hands, head or sides, Rutgers won the game 6 goals to 4. Collegiate play continued for years in which matches were played using the rules of the host school. Representatives of Yale, Columbia, Princeton and Rutgers met on October 19,1873 to create a set of rules for all schools to adhere to. Teams were set at 20 players each, and fields of 400 by 250 feet were specified, Harvard abstained from the conference, as they favored a rugby-style game that allowed running with the ball. An 1875 Harvard-Yale game played under rugby-style rules was observed by two impressed Princeton athletes and these players introduced the sport to Princeton, a feat the Professional Football Researchers Association compared to selling refrigerators to Eskimos. Princeton, Harvard, Yale and Columbia then agreed to play using a form of rugby union rules with a modified scoring system. These schools formed the Intercollegiate Football Association, although Yale did not join until 1879, the introduction of the snap resulted in unexpected consequences. Prior to the snap, the strategy had been to punt if a scrum resulted in bad field position, however, a group of Princeton players realized that, as the snap was uncontested, they now could hold the ball indefinitely to prevent their opponent from scoring. In 1881, both teams in a game between Yale-Princeton used this strategy to maintain their undefeated records, each team held the ball, gaining no ground, for an entire half, resulting in a 0-0 tie

2.
College Football All-Southern Team
–
The College Football All-Southern Team was an all-star team of college football players from the Southern United States. The honor was given annually to the best players at their respective positions and it is analogous to the All-America Team and was most often selected in newspapers. Notable pickers of All-Southern teams include John Heisman, Dan McGugin, Grantland Rice, W. A. Lambeth, Reynolds Tichenor, Nash Buckingham, Innis Brown, virginias 115–0 drubbing by Princeton in 1890 signaled footballs arrival in the south. For example, North Carolina was in both the SIAA and SAIAA at different points in its history, and Virginia Tech had one year in the SIAA. Clemson, today in the ACC, was in the SIAA, the SIAA was the oldest of these, founded in the winter of 1894 by Vanderbilt chemistry professor William Lofland Dudley. This organization really represents the south, as its scope is wider. V. P. I. can scarcely be figured in the calculation as that institution hasnt played any of the S. I. A. A. representatives. South Atlantic writers of course were not fond of this, and would sometimes critique the latest All-Southern selection with titles such as Virginia, in 1922 teams from the SIAA and SAIAA left for the Southern Conference and All-Southern teams become effectively All-Southern Conference teams. By 1933 the contemporary Southeastern Conference was established, Walter Camps annual official All-America first team had been historically loaded with college players from Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Penn, and other Northeastern colleges. Many selectors picked only Eastern players, in 1894, Michigan defeated Cornell and lobbied for its center Fatty Smith to be the first Western All-American. Notably the University of Michigan claims for their center Fatty Smith the supremacy in his position, but the western institutions have not yet mastered the eastern knowledge of all the details and fine points of the game. Smith has made a record against the west and even against Cornell. When brought to face a man like the Stillman of today or the Bulliet of last year, Smith would simply be lost, so it would be with all of the claimants for line positions from western teams. And no one claims for a moment that western back field men could play in the class with eastern men. The selectors were typically Eastern writers and former players who attended games in the East. The article noted, Eastern sporting editors must be devoid of all sense of humor, what man in the lot that have picked All-American elevens this fall, saw a single game outside the North Atlantic States. With a conceit all their own they fail to recognize that the United States reaches more than 200 miles in any direction from New York, suppose an Ohio football writer picked All-American teams. Ohio readers would not stand for it, but apparently the eastern readers will swallow anything

3.
Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association
–
The Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association was one of the first collegiate athletic conferences in the United States. Twenty-seven of the current Division I FBS football programs were members of this conference at some point, the SIAA was founded on December 21,1894, by Dr. William Dudley, a chemistry professor at Vanderbilt, at the Kimball House in Atlanta. Dudley was a member of the Vanderbilt Athletic Association, formed in 1886 with Dr. W. M. Baskerville as president, most students at Vanderbilt were members. The early sports played on the Vanderbilt campus were baseball, bicycling, Dudley was primarily responsible for the formation of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association. Sewanees opposition stopped it from occurring, the original members were Alabama, Auburn, Georgia, Johns Hopkins, North Carolina, Sewanee, Vanderbilt, and Virginia. Virginia and North Carolina soon dropped before the inaugural 1895 season, the conference was originally formed for the development and purification of college athletics throughout the South. In 1903, a single-game football playoff occurred, but it seems to have been coordinated more so by the two competing schools than the conference itself, several other efforts over the years by individual schools to hold a conference title game fell through. Most SIAA titles claimed by schools in sports were actually more mythical in nature than officially sanctioned by the league. In 1915, a disagreement arose within the conference regarding the eligibility of freshman athletes, generally, the larger universities opposed the eligibility of freshman players, while the smaller schools favored it. As a result, some of the universities formed the Southern Intercollegiate Conference. At the conferences annual meeting on December 10,1920, the SIAA rejected proposals to ban freshman athletes, in protest, some schools that had voted in favor of the propositions immediately announced they would seek to form a new conference. In 1922, the Southern Conference underwent an expansion and added six more members, all at the expense of the SIAA, Florida, Louisiana State, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tulane, and Vanderbilt. With the departure of most of the colleges, the SIAA became a de facto small college conference in 1923. In the 1920s and 1930s, the SIAA increased its membership with the addition of additional small universities. The conference eventually disbanded in 1942 with the onset of American involvement in World War II, original charter members are denoted in boldface. Invited charter members are denoted with an asterisk, in the era in which the SIAA operated, teams tended to join in December, therefore, the first year of conference play in a given sport was often the following calendar year. Conference affiliations reflect those for the 2016–17 school year

4.
1900 Virginia Cavaliers football team
–
The 1900 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia in the 1900 college football season. Led by second year coach Archie Hoxton, the team went 7–2–1, the team was captained by tackle John Loyd. The Cavaliers defeated Sewanee to give the school its first loss since 1897, hunter Carpenter used the alias Walter Brown because his father had forbidden him to play football. In the rivalry game with North Carolina, Virginia beat the Tar Heels 17–0, the starting lineup was Bride, Loyd, Choice, Montgomery, Haskell, Benet, Watters. To close the season, the Cavaliers defeated Sewanee 17–5 to capture a Southern championship, the starting lineup was Hobson, Loyd, Choice, Montgomery, Haskel, Benet, Bride. All-Southern, Alexis Hobson, John Loyd, William Choice, Virginius Dabney

5.
Caspar Whitney
–
Caspar William Whitney was an American author, editor, explorer, outdoorsman and war correspondent. He originated the concept of the All-American team in football in 1889 when he worked for Harpers Magazine. He was educated at Saint Mathews College in California, during the Spanish–American War, Whitney submitted articles from the front in Cuba. At the Battle of Las Guasimas, he accompanied General Youngs 1st and his published map of the battle is considered the most accurate of that action published at that time. His depiction of the fighting on the right is made from personal observation and his depiction of the left where the Rough Riders fought was based on post-battle interviews. He was a member of The Explorers Club after expeditions in North and South America. As a sports journalist he was an advocate of amateurism and was a member of the International Olympic Committee. He wrote on a range of subjects including big-game hunting, inter collegiate sporting contests, amateur versus professional contests. In the early 1900s, he edited The American Sportsmans Library, Whitney testified in a lawsuit against him that he earned a salary of $8,000 for editing Outing and $1,500 for editing the American Sportsmans Library. Whitney married three times, Anna Childs in 1889, Cora Adele Chase in 1897 and Florence Canfield in 1909, the latter was the daughter of the colorful miner and industrialist Charles A. Canfield. She participated in founding the League of Women Voters and remained active politically until her death in a vehicle accident in 1941. Sporting Pilgrimage On Snow-Shoes to the Barren Grounds Hawaiian America Musk-Ox, Bison, Sheep and Goat Jungle Trails, gott mit Uns - the Boche Delusion Hunt Clubs and Country Clubs in America Charles Adelbert Canfield Dillon Wallace Papers Edgar Rice Burroughs Library Explorers Club History

6.
College Football All-America Team
–
The College Football All-America Team is an honor given annually to the best American college football players at their respective positions. Camp took over the responsibility for picking the All-America team and was recognized as the selector in the early years of the 20th century. com. As of 2009, the National Collegiate Athletic Association recognizes the All-America teams selected by the AP, AFCA, FWAA, Sporting News, if three of these organizations select a player to their first team, he automatically receives the consensus honor. If a player is named an All-American by all five organizations, depending upon the distribution of first team honors at any given position, it is possible to be consensus with fewer than three first-team selections. The University of Notre Dame has produced the most unanimous All Americans of any program, there have been 2,868 players from 156 colleges and universities since 1889 who were selected to at least one All-American first team. It has selected an All-America team since 1925, the American Football Coaches Association has selected an All-America team every year since 1945. It is often referred to as the Coaches All-America Team, the Coaches’ All-America Team has been sponsored by various entities throughout the years but it is now under its own banner, the AFCA. These are the sponsors/publishers of the team throughout the years and it is sometimes referred to as the Writers All-America Team. The FWAA has selected an All-America team with the help of its members, the All-America team is selected by a committee of writers representing all conferences and regions of the NCAA. The Writers Team has been highlighted in various media forums, from 1946-70, Look published the FWAA team and brought players and selected writers to New York City for a celebration. During that 25-year period, the FWAA team was introduced on television shows by Bob Hope, Steve Allen, Perry Como. After Look folded, the FWAA started an association with NCAA Films. The team was part of ABC Televisions 1981 College Football Series, from 1983-90, the team was either on ABC or ESPN, and since 1991 has returned to the national spotlight on ABC. The corporate sponsor for the Writers team is AT&T, after years of Cingular being the sponsor. Walter Camp, The Father of American Football, first selected an All-America team in 1889, the WCF claims an 80% participation rate in the voting for its All-America team. Sporting News, formerly known as The Sporting News and known colloquially as TSN, have teams college football editors and staff select teams, from that year through the 1962 season TSNs All-America team was picked by a poll of sportswriters. Beginning in 1964 the team was selected by professional scouts and observers, the Sporting News cited the advent of two-platoon football as the need to go to that system. United Press International is a organization that selected players in a national poll of sportswriters

7.
Frank Bennett (American football)
–
Frank Bennett, Jr. was a college football player. Bennett was the son of a Confederate captain and he was a prominent tackle for the North Carolina Tar Heels football teams of the University of North Carolina. He was selected third-team for an all-time Carolina football team of Dr. R. B. Lawson in 1934, Bennett was selected All-Southern in 1898. North Carolina won the South and posted its only undefeated record to date, Bennett was selected All-Southern in 1900. He was captain of the 1901 team, frank Bennett at Find a Grave

8.
George Marshall
–
George Catlett Marshall, Jr. was an American statesman and soldier. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army under presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman and he was hailed as the organizer of victory by Winston Churchill for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II. Born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, Marshall was a 1901 graduate of the Virginia Military Institute, after serving briefly as commandant of students at the Danville Military Academy in Danville, Virginia, Marshall received his commission as a second lieutenant of Infantry in February,1902. He was the Honor Graduate of his Infantry-Cavalry School Course in 1907, in 1916 Marshall was assigned as aide-de-camp to J. Franklin Bell, the commander of the Western Department. After the United States entered World War I, Marshall served with Bell while Bell commanded the Department of the East. He was assigned to the staff of the 1st Division, and assisted with the mobilization and training in the United States. Subsequently assigned to the staff of the American Expeditionary Forces headquarters, after the war, Marshall was assigned as an aide-de-camp to John J. Pershing, who was then serving as the Armys Chief of Staff. He later served on the Army staff, commanded the 15th Infantry Regiment in China, in 1927, he became assistant commandant of the Armys Infantry School, where he modernized command and staff processes, which proved to be of major benefit during World War II. In 1932 and 1933 he commanded the 8th Infantry Regiment and Fort Screven, Marshall commanded 5th Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division and Vancouver Barracks from 1936 to 1938, and received promotion to brigadier general. During this command, Marshall was also responsible for 35 Civilian Conservation Corps camps in Oregon, in July 1938, Marshall was assigned to the War Plans Division on the War Department staff, and he was subsequently appointed as the Armys Deputy Chief of Staff. When Chief of Staff Malin Craig retired in 1939, Marshall became acting Chief of Staff and he served as Chief of Staff until the end of the war in 1945. As Chief of Staff, Marshall organized the largest military expansion in U. S. history, Marshall retired from active service in 1945, but remained on active duty, a requirement for holders of five-star rank. As Secretary of State from 1947 to 1949, Marshall received credit for the Marshall Plan for Europes post-war rebuilding, after resigning as Secretary of State, Marshall served as chairman of American Battle Monuments Commission and president of the American National Red Cross. After resigning as Defense Secretary, Marshall retired to his home in Virginia and he died in 1959 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. George Catlett Marshall, Jr. was born into a family in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. Marshall was a scion of an old Virginia family, as well as a distant relative of former Chief Justice John Marshall, Marshall graduated from the Virginia Military Institute, where he was initiated into the Kappa Alpha Order in 1901. He was an All-Southern tackle for the VMI Keydets varsity football team in 1900, following graduation from VMI in 1901, Marshall sat for a competitive examination for a commission in the U. S. Army. While awaiting the results he took the position of Commandant of Students at the Danville Military Institute in Danville, Marshall passed the exam and was commissioned a second lieutenant in February,1902

9.
William Choice
–
William Choice Jr. was a college football player. He served in the Spanish–American War, in 1899 he was a prominent guard for V. P. I. selected All-Southern. The next year he played for the Southern champion 1900 Virginia Cavaliers and was again All-Southern, william Choice at Find a Grave

10.
William Henry Poole
–
William Henry Poole was a college football player. Poole was a prominent center for the Sewanee Tigers of Sewanee, The University of the South and he was a member of the Iron Men of 1899 who went undefeated, winning five road games in six days all by shutout. One sourced reported Poole drank heavily on the one day off

11.
Henry Seibels
–
Seibels was born in Montgomery to Colonel Emmett Seibels and Anne Goldthwaite. Seibels is best known as the back and captain on the undefeated 1899 Sewanee Tigers football team. Known as the Iron Men, they had a road trip with five shutout wins over Texas A&M, Texas, Tulane, LSU. Recalled memorably with the phrase. and on the day they rested. The biggest fear of the trip was injuries, as players who left a game were not allowed to return. In the very first game of road trip, with Texas. Seibels scored two touchdowns in that game, and only missed the Tulane game and he scored a Sewanee record 19 touchdowns in 1899. He was nominated though not selected for an Associated Press All-Time Southeast 1869-1919 era team, Seibels also captained the baseball team that year, and it too went undefeated. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1973, after college he was headmaster of Sewanee Grammar School and then moved to Birmingham and was in the insurance business. Seibels athleticism was vast, for in 1922 he was the Alabama state golf champion, Seibels had two sons, Henry Buzz Seibels, Jr. and Kelly Seibels. He once told them and an inquiring newsman the best player on the 1899 Sewanee Tigers football team was not he, Henry Ditty Seibels at the College Football Hall of Fame

12.
Charles Roller
–
Charles Summerville Roller, Jr. was an American football player and coach. He served as the football coach at Furman University from 1901 to 1902 and at the Virginia Military Institute from 1907 to 1908. Rollers 1902 Furman Purple Hurricane football team had wins over North Carolina A&M, from 1903 until 1913 Furman did not field a football team. Roller played at VMI, where he was an All-Southern quarterback and he worked as an assistant football coach at Washington and Lee University in 1908. Roller attended the Augusta Military Academy in Fort Defiance, Virginia, the younger Roller served as commandant and principal of that school later in his life. During World War I he served as a major with the Red Cross in Europe, Roller died in Fort Defiance on March 16,1963. Charles Roller at the College Football Data Warehouse Charles Roller at Find a Grave

13.
Virginius Dabney (American football)
–
Virginius Dabney was an American college football player and coach. He served as the coach at Tulane University in 1902. Dabney attended the University of Virginia, where he played on the team as a prominent halfback from 1896 to 1900. He was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon, Dabney was selected All-Southern by Caspar Whitney in Outing. Virginia had a claim to a Southern championship, the Cavaliers defeated Sewanee 17 to 5 to give the school its first loss since 1897. Dabney ran for two touchdowns that game, an account of one of those reads Dabney ran twenty yards for a touchdown, the gain being largely due to the splendid interference led by Walker and Haskel. In 1902, he was the coach of the football team at Tulane University. The Olive and Blue amassed a 1–4–2 record that season, virginius Dabney at the College Football Data Warehouse

14.
Art Devlin (baseball)
–
Arthur McArthur Devlin was an American athlete and coach. He is most known for his Major League Baseball career from 1904 to 1913, Devlin attended Georgetown University in Washington, D. C. where he played baseball and football. As a senior in 1900, he served as the team captain and he was a standout back, and in 1900 was considered competitive for the Walter Camp All-American team if it had not been restricted to Harvard, Yale, and Princeton players. He served as the football coach at North Carolina A&M, now North Carolina State. During that time, Devlins teams compiled a 7–8–2 record for a percentage of.471. In the early 1920s, Devlin served as the baseball coach at Fordham University. In the late 1920s, Devlin served as a coach at the Naval Academy. Devlin spent most of his 9-year baseball career with the New York Giants, in 1905 Devlin stole 59 bases, sharing the National League lead with Billy Maloney of the Chicago Cubs. Devlin was traded to the Boston Braves in 1911, where he played for two years as an infielder until his retirement in 1913. Devlin had a temper and on one occasion in 1910. Art Devlin died in Jersey City, New Jersey a month before his 69th birthday, list of Major League Baseball annual stolen base leaders Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference

15.
Ormond Simkins
–
Ormond Simkins was an American football and baseball player for the Sewanee Tigers of Sewanee, The University of the South. He was the son of William Stewart Simkins, who may have fired the first shot of the American Civil War, ormond was born on May 16,1879 in Corsicana, Texas to William Stewart Simkins and Elizabeth Ware. Ormond entered Sewanee in 1896 as a law student and he was valedictorian of the 1900 class. On the baseball team he was the catcher and when captain of the team in 1901, Simkins was an All-Southern fullback and punter of the Sewanee Tigers football team from 1896 to 1901. A stained glass window at Sewanee depicts Simkins handing a football to Henry D. Phillips and he was a member of the 1899 Iron Men of Sewanee that went undefeated and won 5 road games in 6 days all by shutout. Only the remarkable punting of Simkins kept the game from being a debacle, a wonderful punter and a hard running ball carrier, he deserves much of the credit for Sewanees wonder team of 1899. Simkins had suffered injuries to both legs while playing football, in later years, his left foot had to be amputated. While working for the War Risk Bureau in Washington, D. C. he entered Georgetown University Hospital in order to have the other one amputated, and died. Henry Seibels would later tell his two sons and an inquiring newsman it was Simkins, not he, who was the best player from Sewanees 1899 team, a field house with his name is part of the Juhan Gym at Sewanee, where the school plays basketball. Ormond Simkins at Find a Grave

16.
Bradley Walker
–
Bradley Walker was a celebrated southern college football player and official as well an attorney. The Palm of Alpha Tau Omega called Walker one of the greats in Southern athletic history. Bradley Walker was born on October 14,1877 in Columbia, Tennessee to William Overton Walker and his father was a farmer and a lumberman. Walker graduated as an instructor from Peabody College in 1897, received his bachelors in 1898 from the University of Nashville. Walker starred in football, baseball, and track at the University of Virginia and he later also played tennis and golf. Walker was a prominent fullback and tackle for the Virginia Cavaliers, Virginia in 1900 was Southern champion and gave the Sewanee Tigers their first defeat since 1897 by a score of 17 to 5. One account of the Sewanee game reads Bradley Walker, full-back, is the strongest and heaviest player on the team, in the game against the Carlisle Indians he grabbed Hawley Pierce, Carlisles biggest player, and carried him ten yards with him dangling over his shoulder. The Cavaliers repeated as Southern champion, Walker was selected All-Southern in 1901. The Virginia faithful objected this was not a reason to rule one ineligible. Walker officiated many southern football contests, including the Michigan–Vanderbilt series, Walker was president of the trustees in the joint stock company which owned the Nashville Vols baseball club from 1905 to 1907. The companys goal was to sell 100 shares of stock at $100 per share to raise $10,000, never reaching this goal, the owners cut corners to remain solvent, selling the team by the end of 1907. From 1906 until the close of his life he practiced law in Nashville, for thirty years he was an attorney for the Peabody College. He was secretary of the Nashville Park Board from 1902 to 1910, Walker was a methodist, and politically a democrat

17.
Hunter Carpenter
–
Caius Hunter Carpenter was an American college football halfback who played for both Virginia Tech and North Carolina. Carpenter was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1957, Carpenter was born in Louisa County, Virginia, the son of Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Carpenter. He attended Clifton Forge High School in Clifton Forge, Virginia, Carpenter was never named to the All-America team only because Walter Camp, who named the team at the time, said he would never name a player who he had not seen play. Carpenter was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1957, Carpenter enrolled at Virginia Tech in 1898, and played college football for the Virginia Tech Hokies football team of Virginia Tech from 1899 through 1903. He became a man possessed by one thing after the 1899 rout, during this time, he used the alias Walter Brown because his father had forbidden him to play football. However, after five years of college, Hunter Carpenter graduated from Virginia Tech without achieving his goal and it was not until his father saw him play in a game in 1900 against Virginia Military Institute in Norfolk, Virginia did he approve. He is one athlete picked as the greatest football player ever to attend the school and he was named captain of the team in 1902. Carpenter returned to Virginia Tech in 1905 for a last shot at beating Virginia in his year of college football. Going into the 1905 game, UVA was 8–0 against VPI by a score of 170–5. The Cavalier Daily ran a story outlining Carpenters motives and move from Virginia Tech to UNC, Virginia accused Carpenter of being a professional player, as he had played college football already for nearly a decade. Carpenter signed an affidavit that he had not received payment to play against UVA and, against a backdrop of recrimination, Carpenter led VPI to an 11-0 lead. Carpenter was ejected midway through the game for throwing the ball at the face of a Virginia defender, Carpenter left immediately after the game and moved to Middleton, New York, never to return to the Commonwealth. Carpenter retired 1–7 against UVA, but the Cavaliers still refused to play Virginia Tech again until 1923, Carpenter helped lead Virginia Tech in 1905 to a 9-1 record, the best in schools history up to that time. During that season, Tech outscored its opponents 305-24, and Carpenter scored 82 points, infuriated by his losses to UVA, he played in 1904 at the University of North Carolina. I just want to beat the University of Virginia, Carpenter was quoted as saying by the Associated Press, however, as a standout on the Tar Heels football squad, he again failed to win against Virginia for two years in a row. His one year at North Carolina managed to place him amongst the best ever to play at the school and he died in Middletown, New York. Virginia–Virginia Tech football rivalry Hunter Carpenter at the College Football Hall of Fame Virginia Sports Hall of Fame

18.
Google Books
–
Books are provided either by publishers and authors, through the Google Books Partner Program, or by Googles library partners, through the Library Project. Additionally, Google has partnered with a number of publishers to digitize their archives. The Publisher Program was first known as Google Print when it was introduced at the Frankfurt Book Fair in October 2004, the Google Books Library Project, which scans works in the collections of library partners and adds them to the digital inventory, was announced in December 2004. But it has also criticized for potential copyright violations. As of October 2015, the number of scanned book titles was over 25 million, Google estimated in 2010 that there were about 130 million distinct titles in the world, and stated that it intended to scan all of them. Results from Google Books show up in both the universal Google Search as well as in the dedicated Google Books search website, if Google believes the book is still under copyright, a user sees snippets of text around the queried search terms. All instances of the terms in the book text appear with a yellow highlight. The four access levels used on Google Books are, Full view, Books in the domain are available for full view. In-print books acquired through the Partner Program are also available for full view if the publisher has given permission, usually, the publisher can set the percentage of the book available for preview. Users are restricted from copying, downloading or printing book previews, a watermark reading Copyrighted material appears at the bottom of pages. All books acquired through the Partner Program are available for preview and this could be because Google cannot identify the owner or the owner declined permission. If a search term appears many times in a book, Google displays no more than three snippets, thus preventing the user from viewing too much of the book. Also, Google does not display any snippets for certain reference books, such as dictionaries, Google maintains that no permission is required under copyright law to display the snippet view. No preview, Google also displays search results for books that have not been digitized, in effect, this is similar to an online library card catalog. Google also stated that it would not scan any in-copyright books between August and 1 November 2005, to provide the owners with the opportunity to decide which books to exclude from the Project. It can let Google scan the book under the Library Project and it can opt out of the Library Project, in which case Google will not scan the book. If the book has already been scanned, Google will reset its access level as No preview and this information is collated through automated methods, and sometimes data from third-party sources is used. This information provides an insight into the book, particularly useful when only a view is available

19.
Open access
–
Open access refers to online research outputs that are free of all restrictions on access and free of many restrictions on use. These additional usage rights are granted through the use of various specific Creative Commons licenses. There are multiple ways authors can provide access to their work. One way is to publish it and then self-archive it in a repository where it can be accessed for free, such as their institutional repository and this is known as green open access. Some publishers require delays, or an embargo, on when an output in a repository may be made open access. Several initiatives provide an alternative to the American and English language dominance of existing publication indexing systems, including Index Copernicus, SciELO and Redalyc. A second way authors can make their work open access is by publishing it in such a way that makes their research output immediately available from the publisher. This is known as open access, and within the sciences this often takes the form of publishing an article in either an open access journal. Pure open access journals do not charge fees, and may have one of a variety of business models. Many, however, do charge an article processing fee, widespread public access to the World Wide Web in the late 1990s and early 2000s fueled the open access movement, and prompted both the green open access way and the creation of open access journals. Conventional non-open access journals cover publishing costs through access tolls such as subscriptions, some non-open access journals provide open access after an embargo period of 6–12 months or longer. The Budapest statement defined open access as follows, There are many degrees, despite these statements emerging in the 2000s, the idea and practise of providing free online access to journal articles began at least a decade before the term open access was formally coined. Computer scientists had been self-archiving in anonymous ftp archives since the 1970s, the Subversive Proposal to generalize the practice was posted in 1994. Gratis OA refers to online access, and libre OA refers to free online access plus some additional re-use rights. The Budapest, Bethesda, and Berlin definitions had corresponded only to libre OA, the re-use rights of libre OA are often specified by various specific Creative Commons licenses, these almost all require attribution of authorship to the original authors. Open access itself began to be sought and provided worldwide by researchers when the possibility itself was opened by the advent of Internet, the momentum was further increased by a growing movement for academic journal publishing reform, and with it gold and libre OA. Electronic publishing created new benefits as compared to paper publishing but beyond that, rather than applying traditional notions of copyright to academic publications, they could be libre or free to build upon. The intended audience of research articles is usually other researchers, Open access helps researchers as readers by opening up access to articles that their libraries do not subscribe to

20.
Ancestry.com
–
Ancestry. com LLC is a privately held Internet company based in Lehi, Utah, United States. The largest for-profit genealogy company in the world, it operates a network of genealogical and historical record websites focused on the United States, as of June 2014, the company provided access to approximately 16 billion historical records and had over 2 million paying subscribers. User-generated content tallies to more than 70 million family trees, and subscribers have added more than 200 million photographs, scanned documents, and written stories. Ancestrys brands include Ancestry, AncestryDNA, AncestryHealth, AncestryProGenealogists, Archives. com, Family Tree Maker, Find a Grave, Fold3, Newspapers. com, and Rootsweb. Under its subsidiaries, Ancestry. com operates foreign sites that provide access to services and these include Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Brazil, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and several other countries in Europe and Asia. In 1990, Paul B. Allen and Dan Taggart, two Brigham Young University graduates, founded Infobases and began offering Latter-day Saints publications on floppy disks, in 1988, Allen had worked at Folio Corporation, founded by his brother Curt and his brother-in-law Brad Pelo. Infobases chose to use the Folio infobase technology, which Allen was familiar with, Infobases first products were floppy disks and compact disks sold from the back seat of the founders car. In 1994, Infobases was named among Inc. magazines 500 fastest-growing companies and their first offering on CD was the LDS Collectors Edition, released in April 1995, selling for $299.95, which was offered in an online version in August 1995. Ancestry officially went online with the launched Ancestry. com in 1996, with its roots as a genealogy newsletter started in 1983 by John Sittner, and became an established publishing company in 1984. Ancestry was relaunched as a magazine in January 1994, and went online in 1996, on January 1,1997, Infobases parent company, Western Standard Publishing, purchased Ancestry, Inc. publisher of Ancestry magazine and genealogy books. Western Standard Publishings CEO was Joe Cannon, one of the owners of Geneva Steel. In July 1997, Allen and Taggart purchased Western Standards interest in Ancestry, at the time, Brad Pelo was president and CEO of Infobases, and president of Western Standard. Less than six months earlier, he had been president of Folio Corporation, in March 1997, Folio was sold to Open Market for $45 million. The first public evidence of the change in ownership of Ancestry Magazine came with the July/August 1997 issue and that issues masthead also included the first use of the Ancestry. com web address. More growth for Infobases occurred in July 1997, when Ancestry, Inc. purchased Bookcraft, Infobases had published many of Bookcrafts books as part of its LDS Collectors Library. Pelo also announced that Ancestrys product line would be expanded in both CDs and online. Alan Ashton, an investor in Infobases and founder of WordPerfect, was its chairman of the board. Allen and Taggart began running Ancestry, Inc. independently from Infobases in July 1997, included in the sale were the rights to Infobases LDS Collectors Library on CD

21.
1895 College Football All-Southern Team
–
The 1895 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations in 1895. North Carolina won the SIAA in its inaugural year, North Carolina running back George Stephens caught the first forward pass in the history of the sport. Jones, Virginia George Stephens, North Carolina Colvin, Centre Frew, Louisville A. C. Oscar Lang, Virginia Phil Connell, Vanderbilt Swango, Louisville A. C. Gains, Central McDonald, Louisville A. C. Joe Frasier and it had substitutes, denoted with a small S. It seems the team also picked players from prior years including 1894, ACR = selected by A. C. Robinson

22.
1899 College Football All-Southern Team
–
The 1899 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations in 1899. The Iron Men of Sewanee won the SIAA championship, the Vanderbilt Hustler remarked on Suters selection of 9 of his own players, Only nine. He surely must have been thinking of a baseball team, HMS = selected by H. M. Suter, head coach at Sewanee, The University of the South. It had substitutes, denoted by a small S

23.
1901 College Football All-Southern Team
–
The 1901 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations in 1901. Most said Virginia ranked best in the south, gallaudet, a school for deaf-mutes, also claimed a championship. It had a team referred to as substitutes. O = selected by Caspar Whitney in Outing

24.
1902 College Football All-Southern Team
–
Clemson won the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association championship, though Virginia was often ranked as best team in the south. Fuzzy Woodruffs A History of Southern Football records the first All-Southern team as in 1902, Reynolds Tichenors eleven as posted in Fuzzy Woodruffs A History of Southern Football includes, Sandy Beaver, guard for Georgia. He was once head of Riverside Military Academy, marvin M. Dickinson, halfback for Georgia, later coached for his alma mater. Tradition dictates many publications list Elmer as the schools first All-Southern selection and he started every game Harold Ketron, center for Georgia, known as War Eagle. Ketron was known as quite a physical player, one source reporting he pulled hair, another writer claims There have been many of the old players who have followed the Georgia games long after graduation, but none of them with a record of more loyalty than the War Eagle. Joseph Lee Kirby-Smith, tackle for Sewanee, son of Edmund Kirby-Smith and he later moved to Jacksonville, Florida as a practicing dermatologist and gaining distinction throughout Florida and the south. Henry D. Phillips, guard for Sewanee, sportswriter Fuzzy Woodruff called him the greatest football player who ever sank cleated shoes into a chalk line south of the Mason-Dixon line. One account of Ridley reads Ridleys first year on the team he played this position so well that Coach Heisman named his as the All-Southern end and he is quick and active and never hesitates to tackle a man, seldom being blocked. He was later a physician and surgeon, one publication reads Vetter Sitton and Hope Sadler were the finest ends that Clemson ever had perhaps. Carl Sitton, Clemson Frank Ridley, Georgia Hope Sadler, Clemson Albert Cox, North Carolina Thomas Bronston, Virginia Lois Thompson, Kentucky U. Harris, Virginia H. A. Allison, Auburn Bold = Tichenors selection WRT = selected by W. R. Tichenor, AC = selected by the Atlanta Constitution. It had substitutes, denoted with a small S. JLD = selected by UVA coach John L. DeSaulles and it had substitutes, denoted with a small S. H = selected by John Heisman, WAL = selected by W. A. Lambeth for Colliers Weekly. It had a first and second team

25.
1903 College Football All-Southern Team
–
Both John Heisman and Reynolds Tichenor selected teams. The next selections were made by John W. Heisman, who was as good a judge of men as the country ever produced. So did Nash Buckingham, former captain of the Tennessee Volunteers football team, Reynolds Tichenors eleven as posted in Fuzzy Woodruffs A History of Southern Football includes, J. C. Bob Blake, end for Vanderbilt, unanimous selection, was a lawyer, marvin O. Bridges, guard for Cumberland, unanimous selection. The next season, he coached the University of Florida at Lake City, jock Hanvey, fullback for Clemson, unanimous selection. He assisted teammate Pee Wee Forsythe coach the Florida State College team, joseph Lee Kirby-Smith, tackle for Sewanee, the son of Edmund Kirby-Smith. He later moved to Jacksonville, Florida as a practicing dermatologist and gaining distinction throughout Florida and he returned the kickoff to open the second half 100 yards for Clemsons first score in the game with Cumberland billed as the championship of the South, which ended in an 11–11 tie. Henry D. Phillips, guard for Sewanee, unanimous selection, sportswriter Fuzzy Woodruff called him the greatest football player who ever sank cleated shoes into a chalk line south of the Mason-Dixon line. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1959, one publication reads Vetter Sitton and Hope Sadler were the finest ends that Clemson ever had perhaps. Cumberland coach A. L. Phillips said Smith was the man he ever saw who has reduced football to a science. John J. Tigert, halfback for Vanderbilt, like Blake, he too was a Rhodes Scholar. He was later a prominent educator, including the president of the University of Florida and he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1970. Bob Blake†, Vanderbilt Carl Sitton, Clemson Lois Thompson, Kentucky U, bridges†, Cumberland Puss Derrick, Clemson Oliver Gardner, North Carolina A & M T. B. Green, Tennessee W. W. Suddarth, Cumberland Innis Brown, Vanderbilt Bully Jones, parker, Tennessee Bold = consensus choice by a majority of the selectors † = Unanimous selection H = selected by John Heisman, coach at Clemson University. WRT = selected by W. R. Tichenor, NB = selected by former Tennessee player Nash Buckingham in the Memphis Commercial Appeal. It had substitutes, denoted with a small S. NY = selected by a prominent New Yorker hired for the purpose, JLD = selected by John Longer Desaulles. It had a first and second team

26.
1904 College Football All-Southern Team
–
In Dan McGugin and Mike Donahues first year as head coach, Vanderbilt and Auburn shared the SIAA championship, challenging John Heismans eminence in the South. The composite eleven included, Jones Beene, end for Tennessee and he once coached the Chattanooga Mocs and was also the first coach of the Tennessee Wesleyan Bulldogs. He was also a Rhodes Scholar, Brown was later a referee who often commented on the sport, picking the Constitutions All-Southern team in 1912. Lob Brown, tackle for Georgia Tech, some publications claim he was Techs first All-Southern player, while others claim Jesse Thrash. Dan McGugin once called him the Souths greatest athlete and Vanderbilts greatest halfback and he was captain-elect, and he has learned to run the ball wrote former coach Heisman. Humphrey Foy, fullback for Auburn, the schools lone selection in Mike Donahues first year. He was injured the year prior and he coached Vanderbilt basketball in 1903–1904 and 1908–1909. Henry D. Phillips, guard for Sewanee, unanimous selection, sportswriter Fuzzy Woodruff called him the greatest football player who ever sank cleated shoes into a chalk line south of the Mason-Dixon line. John Scarbrough, quarterback for Sewanee, unanimous selection, on the dedication of Harris Stadium, one writer noted The University of the South has numbered among its athletes some of the greatest. Anyone who played against giant Henry Phillips in 1901-1903 felt that he was nothing less than the best as guard, anyone who ever saw a punt from the foot of J. W. Scarbrough. Willard Steele, halfback for Cumberland, made All-Southern in his first year on the varsity and he was a physician who specialized in diseases of the eye, ear, nose, and throat. He was selected for the Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era, Henry D. Phillips and John Scarbrough were both unanimous selections. H = selected by John Heisman, coach at Georgia Institute of Technology and he had a first and second team. WRT = selected by W. R. Tichenor in the Atlanta News, GR = selected by Grantland Rice in the Atlanta Journal. NB = selected by former Tennessee player Nash Buckingham in the Memphis Commercial Appeal, WJE = selected by William J. Ewing in the Nashville American. JLD = selected by John de Saulles, EC = selected by Edwin Camp, in Illustrated Sporting News. WK = selected by Willis Keinholz, head coach at the North Carolina College of Agriculture, WSK = selected by W. S. Kimberly

27.
1905 College Football All-Southern Team
–
Virginia Tech, an independent school, lost only to Navy and claims a southern championship for 1905. Dan Blake, halfback for Vanderbilt, brother of Bob, honus Craig, halfback for Vanderbilt, Dan McGugin once called him the Souths greatest athlete and Vanderbilts greatest halfback. In Craigs opinion, Bob Blake was the Souths greatest player, puss Derrick, guard and captain for Clemson. John de Saulles sums up Derricks play in 1905, he is a player who. Ed Hamilton, end for Vanderbilt, coached Vanderbilt basketball in 1903–1904 and 1908–1909 Frank Jones, tackle for Auburn, Frank Kyle, quarterback for Vanderbilt, once head coach at Ole Miss. Owsley Manier, fullback for Vanderbilt, a plunging back. Patterson, center for Vanderbilt, known as Emma, he coached at Georgia Military Academy. Stein Stone, guard for Vanderbilt, as a selected for the Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era. Hillsman Taylor, tackle for Vanderbilt, later a prominent attorney who was Speaker of the House of Representatives of Tennessee in 1909 and he was the father of Pulitzer Prize winning author Peter Matthew Hillsman Taylor. S. Sims, Alabama Innis Brown, Vanderbilt Lucian Parrish, Texas Oliver Gardner, North Carolina Frank Stickling, VPI Roscoe Word, parker, Tennessee E. L. Minton, Cumberland 1905 College Football All-America Team

28.
1906 College Football All-Southern Team
–
For some, the SIAA champion 1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team made up the entire team. It would produce 8 of the composite 11, owsley Manier was selected by Walter Camp third-team All-American. Blake made the kick to beat Carlisle, the crowning feat of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association season. He was selected for the Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era, Dan Blake, halfback for Vanderbilt, unanimous selection, brother of Bob. Lob Brown, end for Georgia Tech, captain-elect who helped Tech to its first defeat over Auburn, Walter K. Chorn, guard for Vanderbilt, was a lawyer and one time insurance superintendent of Missouri. Clyde R. Conner, guard for Mississippi, was a prominent lawyer of Hattiesburg, Mississippi, sam Costen, quarterback for Vanderbilt who once coached The Citadel Bulldogs. Honus Craig, halfback for Vanderbilt, Dan McGugin once called him the Souths greatest athlete, in Craigs opinion, Bob Blake was the Souths greatest player. Owsley Manier, fullback for Vanderbilt, unanimous selection, a plunging back. Manier scored five touchdowns against Alabama in a 78-0 victory and again ran for five touchdowns over Georgia Tech in Atlanta, Manier was later an assistant coach and practicing physician. Joe Pritchard, tackle for Vanderbilt, unanimous selection, coached one year at LSU and was a Presbyterian dental missionary at Luebo in the Congo, lex Stone, tackle for Sewanee, coached football and basketball at the University of Tennessee. He was the schools first basketball coach, stein Stone, center for Vanderbilt, an all-time great at Vanderbilt who coached football one year at Clemson. Chorn, Vanderbilt Clyde Conner, Mississippi Fatty McLain, Vanderbilt George Watkins, Sewanee Hoss Hodgson, AWL = selected by A. W. Lynn, sporting editor for the Atlanta Constitution. WP = selected by The Washington Post, MT = selected by the Macon Telegraph MCA = selected by former Tennessee player Nash Buckingham in the Memphis Commercial Appeal. PW = selected by Percy Whiting of Illustrated Outdoor News, DM = selected by Dan McGugin head coach at Vanderbilt University, with information from Bradley Walker, southern official. F = selected by Jack Forsythe for a game in Savannah on Christmas

29.
1907 College Football All-Southern Team
–
Fielding Yost selected Bob Blake for his All-America first team. The eleven chosen by most selectors includes, Bob Blake, end for Vanderbilt, was a lawyer and he was selected for the Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era. Costen was rated as Barretts superior though Costen spent a part of the year injured. Honus Craig, halfback for Vanderbilt, Dan McGugin once called him the Souths greatest athlete, in Craigs opinion, Bob Blake was the Souths greatest player. J. R. Davis, tackle for Georgia Tech, Davis was known as Twenty percent because he was considered twenty percent of the teams worth, frank Faulkinberry, tackle for Sewanee, later a coach. McGugin said of Lanier in 1907 that he was a star of purest ray, guy Lewis, end for Sewanee Lawrence Markley, fullback for Sewanee. Against Kentucky State in 1907, On one of Craigs long runs Sherrell, lex Stone, tackle for Sewanee, coached football and basketball at the University of Tennessee. He was the schools first basketball coach, stein Stone, center for Vanderbilt, an all-time great at Vanderbilt who coached football one year at Clemson. H = selected by John Heisman, coach at the Georgia Institute of Technology, D = selected by Mike Donahue, coach at Auburn University. NB = selected by former Tennessee player Nash Buckingham in the Memphis Commercial Appeal, NY = selected by a well-known New York authority on sports

30.
1908 College Football All-Southern Team
–
The eleven selected by a majority of selectors included, Vaughn Blake, end for Vanderbilt. One of the prominent Vanderbilt Blake family, he was later an FBI agent involved in the capture of Alvin Karpis, J. R. Davis, tackle for Georgia Tech, Davis was known as Twenty percent because he was considered twenty percent of the teams worth. Vanderbilt coach Dan McGugin wrote, He has one glaring fault—a tendency to tackle around the eyebrows, otherwise he is a splendid foot ball man. He weighs two hundred pounds, is never hurt, never fumbles, bucks a line hard and furnishes excellent interference and he was the strength and stay of Tech. Frank Faulkinberry, tackle for Sewanee, later a coach at Middle Tennessee State, lewie Hardage, halfback for Auburn, had his breakout season in his first year. Fuzzy Woodruff labeled him the Souths fastest back of the 1910-1920 decade, james L. Harris, guard for Sewanee. Also played tackle and running back, before Vanderbilt played Michigan, Hasslock had been on duty at Reelfoot Lake with a militia who were to guard against night riders. McGugin noted All things considered, Leach was perhaps the best football player of the year in Dixie, lawrence Markley, fullback and captain for Sewanee. McGugin wrote of Markley, He has always been a stubborn man on the defense, effective on a short plunge. Ray Morrison, quarterback for Vanderbilt, was the best player on a team of sophomores, Walker Reynolds, end for Auburn, was the first cousin of Walker Reynolds Tichenor. Countess, Alabama Fatty McLain, Vanderbilt J. G. Davis, Auburn Willie Hillman, DM = selected by Dan McGugin, coach at Vanderbilt University. H = selected by John Heisman, coach at Georgia Institute of Technology, both Rice and Heisman had separate second teams. NB = selected by Nash Buckingham in the Memphis Commercial Appeal, VA = selected by University of Virginia trainers

31.
1909 College Football All-Southern Team
–
VPI, an independent school, also claims a Southern championship. The eleven selected by John Heisman included, Eric Cheape, guard for Sewanee and he was a pioneer coach at Huntsville High School. He served in capacity from 1920 to 1932. Doc Fenton, quarterback for LSU, inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1971, freeland, end for Vanderbilt, known as Big un, later coached at various institutions in Texas. Grantland Rice called him the noblest Tiger of them all, the Kappa Alpha Journal gives similar praise that year, calling Lanier The greatest performer of the college game on the Southern field. J. E. Lucas, center for Georgia and his defense drew praise in the losses to Alabama and Georgia Tech. Will Metzger, guard for Vanderbilt, known as Frog, selected for an Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era, ray Morrison, quarterback for Vanderbilt, selected as the quarterback and kick returner for an Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era. He was later a coach at various institutions including SMU and Vanderbilt after McGugin and he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954. He later played for Harvard Law School, silas Williams†, Sewanee Ewing Y. R. Cecil, Virginia Horace Geyer Jr. Virginia Eric Cheape, Sewanee T. C. GR = selected by Grantland Rice, NTL = published in the Nashville Tennessean, by a writer from Lynnville. NTM = published in the Nashville Tennessean, by a writer from McMinnville, WG = selected by William C. Gloth, coach at Virginia Military Institute

32.
1910 College Football All-Southern Team
–
Vanderbilt post the best record in the SIAA, the only blemish on its record a scoreless tie with defending national champion Yale. Auburn also posted an undefeated record, but lost to Texas. Hamilton Fish’s Harvard Law School All Stars played three games against different All-Southern elevens on December 30,31, and January 2, the one on the 31st had been scheduled for a prior date but had been rained out. The first of these was a tie on muddy ground, the second a 5–0 Harvard victory. On December 7 it was announced Fishs team was to two games against southern teams. A December 26 wire service reported that Fielding Yost “may don the moleskin again. ”He was coaching a “western all-southern eleven” that was to play Harvard Law School in two days. Joining him from his Michigan squad were Germany Schulz and Andrew W. Smith, the Harvard All Stars made a stop in Cincinnati on their way south. The Memphis game on account of rain was then postponed to the 31st, a heavy rain also fell in Nashville on the night of the 28th, and while the game had been expected to start at 2 oclock on the 29th, it was apparently played on the 30th. Yost coached the team and Vanderbilt coach Dan McGugin played in the game for his former coach, in spite of a muddy field the game was fast from start to finish on Old Dudley Field in front of 3,000 spectators. Former Sewanee end Silas Williams played for Harvard while taking graduate courses, on a 110 yard field in those days, Fish had run for 100 yards when caught from behind by Browne 10 yards short of the goal. A blow from Michigans Smith also broke Fishs nose, the game ended as a scoreless tie. Originally the first game scheduled in Memphis finally happened on the 31st and it included many Ole Miss players. Earl Kinnebrew was a standout for the southern team, the Southerners showed unexpected strength in individual defensive work. Harvard won 5 to 0, the points a 25-yard pass from Stephen Galatti to Silas Williams. Then on January 2 Fishs team played a group of LSU players in Baton Rouge, the game was without question the finest exhibition of football ever given in the state. Harvard was hurt by the injuries and length of the trip, Rice also claimed he was harder to surround and tackle than a flea. It was said he could run 100 meters in 10 seconds flat, E. L. Caton, center for Auburn, once coach of Howard. John Heisman considered him one of the souths greatest centers and he managed the southern branch of the Pure Oil company in 1922, which marketed Tiolene, Pennsylvania base motor oil

33.
1911 College Football All-Southern Team
–
Ray Morrison and Harry Costello were selected for Outing magazines Football Honor List for 1911 selected by coaches from the East and West. John Heismans All-Southern eleven included, Rube Barker, tackle for Mississippi, later, he was a practicing physician in Oakland, Illinois. John E. Davis, fullback for Auburn and he was later a notable architect in Birmingham. Freeland, tackle for Vanderbilt, known as Big un, later coached at various institutions in Texas, Roy Goree, end for Georgia Tech. Both his sons played for Tech. Edwin Popes Footballs Greatest Coaches reads A lightning-swift backfield of Lew Hardage, Wilson Collins, Ammie Sikes, the Atlanta Constitution voted it the best backfield in the South. Bob McWhorter, halfback for Georgia. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1954, sportswriter Dick Jemison said When you mention football to an Athens fan its definition is Bob McWhorter, and vice-versa. He was selected for the Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era, McWhorter went on to have a lengthy law career. Will Metzger, guard for Vanderbilt, known as Frog, selected for an Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era, later, he was a world-renowned internist and medical professor. Ray Morrison, quarterback for Vanderbilt, selected as the quarterback and kick returner for an Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era and he was later a coach at various institutions including SMU and Vanderbilt after McGugin. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954, an Athens newspaper said he was probably the most aggressive lineman in the South. He coached basketball at Ole Miss next year, jenks Gillem, Sewanee By Walton, Mississippi Hargrove Van de Graaff, Alabama Roy Goree, Georgia Tech Enoch Brown, Vanderbilt Ewing Y. Adams, Mississippi Ray Morrison†, Vanderbilt W. J. Williams, Mississippi A & M Kid Woodruff, Georgia Lewie Hardage†, Vanderbilt Bob McWhorter†, Georgia Pete Shields and he had a first and second team. DJ = selected by Dick Jemison in the Atlanta Constitution, NS = selected by Nathan Stauffer of Colliers Weekly. He had a first and second team, BS = selected by Bill Streit, assistant coach at Auburn University. He had a first and second team, NT = selected by Spick Hall in the Nashville Tennessean

34.
1912 College Football All-Southern Team
–
Lew Hardage was selected for Walter Camps third-team All-American. Innis Brown, a throughout the south, and captain of Vanderbilts 1905 championship team, was hired to select the team of the Atlanta Constitution. The Constitutions editor Dick Jemison also selected a team, former Georgia player and captain and then assistant Harold Ketron selected a team. Georgia Tech head coach John Heisman as usual picked one also, former Mississippi head coach Nathan Stauffer selected an All-Southern team for Colliers Weekly. The composite All-Southern eleven formed by consolidated pick of ten sporting writers culled by the Atlanta Constitution editor Dick Jemison included, Rube Barker, later, he was a practicing physician in Oakland, Illinois. Known as Nuck, he was a Rhodes Scholar and he played with the Toledo Maroons and was later a physician. He had no peers in his ability and contributed greatly to Toledo medicine. He was a punter and kicker, selected as the punter for the Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era. Lew Hardage, halfback and senior-captain for Vanderbilt, unanimous selection, was also selected third-team All-American by Walter Camp, Innis Brown in 1912 wrote Hardage has been rated as probably the most successful man in the south at making forward passes. B. J. Lamb, tackle for Auburn, known as Sheep, he practiced tackling on trees. Bob McWhorter, halfback for Georgia, unanimous selection and he was the schools first All-American, inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1954. Sportswriter Dick Jemison said When you mention football to an Athens fan its definition is Bob McWhorter and he was selected for the Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era. McWhorter went on to have a law career. Hugh Morgan, center for Vanderbilt, unanimous selection, chosen by a good margin wrote Brown. Later, he was a world-renowned internist and medical professor, known as Emp, was an assistant coach for his alma mater in 1914. He was once president pro-tempore of the Georgia state Senate, Brown chose him for his speed. Later, he was a Southeastern Conference official, lew Hardage, Bob McWhorter, and Hugh Morgan were unanimous All-Southern selections. Votes for multiple positions are combined, most chose Rube Barker as a guard in this composite

35.
1913 College Football All-Southern Team
–
The Auburn Tigers won the SIAA. The composite All-Southern eleven formed by the selection of 18 sporting writers culled by the Atlanta Constitution included, Enoch Brown, end and captain for Vanderbilt, known as Nuck, he was also a Rhodes Scholar. Tom Brown, tackle for Vanderbilt, unanimous selection and he played professional football with the Toledo Maroons and was later a prominent physician of Toledo. He had no peers in his ability and contributed greatly to Toledo medicine. One writer describes his role in the offense, Coach Donahue loved the fullback dive. R. N. MacCallum, guard for Sewanee, MacCallum was later a reverend serving several parishes. He was the schools first All-American, inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1954, sportswriter Dick Jemison said When you mention football to an Athens fan its definition is Bob McWhorter, and vice-versa. He was selected for the Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era, McWhorter later had a lengthy law career. Kirk Newell, halfback and captain for Auburn, Newell gained 1,707 yards that year, 46% of the teams entire offensive output, and 5,800 yards rushing,350 yards receiving, and 1,200 yards on punt returns for his career. He is the player in school history to have a petition circulated by the student body requesting that he play for the Bulldogs. He later coached and was professor of mathematics at Auburn. Robinson is selected at the end position for several all-time Auburn teams, Big Thigpen, guard for Auburn, unanimous selection. The Atlanta Constitution claimed he rated as good as, if not better than and his defensive work in the rivalry game against Georgia Tech was cited as helping the Bulldogs on the way to a 14–0 victory. Enoch Brown, Tom Brown, and Big Thigpen were unanimous selections, ZC = compiled from sports writers, coaches, and others by Z. G. McWhorter and Rainey tied in votes, as many moved McWhorter to fullback to make room for him. SP = posted by coach Bill Cunningham of the University of Georgia, combining selections of sports writers, BC = the personal selection of coach Cunningham of Georgia. D = selected by Mike Donahue, coach at Auburn University and it had a first and second team. AP = posted by the Associated Press, WL = W. A. Lambeth of the University of Virginia. AR = member of a Southern all star team which played against the Seventeenth Infantry of Army at West Point and it featured stars of previous seasons as well

36.
1914 College Football All-Southern Team
–
Tennessee and Auburn both had claims to the SIAA championship. It was Tennessees first championship of any kind, Washington and Lee and Virginia both had claims to the SAIAA championship. Ted Shultz of Washington & Lee was selected an All-American by the Philadelphia Public Ledger. The composite All-SIAA eleven compiled from a total of seven writers, coaches. Carroll scored all the points in the 16 to 14 victory over Vanderbilt, rabbit Curry, quarterback for Vanderbilt, included on Outing magazines FOOTBALL ROLL OF HONOR, The Men Whom the Best Coaches of the Country Have Named as the Stars of the Gridiron in 1914. During the First World War, he was killed in combat over France. Bull Kearley, end for Auburn, last year moved to position from halfback. Donahues 7-Box or 7-2-2 defensive scheme required fast ends which could disrupt a play from the start and this was role was filled by Kearley. He recovered three fumbles in the game with Georgia Tech in 1914, a 14 to 0 victory, bull Kearley was the star on both sides and gave an exhibition of football the like of which has never been seen on a southern gridiron before. He covered every punt and nearly every time nailed the man in his tracks, once coming down the field so hard that the man, receiving the punt, one account of the Sewanee game reads Mush Kerr played a wonderful game in the line as did Capt. Kelly. The work of the Tennessee line was easily the feature of the contest, farmer Kelly, tackle and captain for Tennessee, included on Outing magazines FOOTBALL ROLL OF HONOR. Hunter Kimball, halfback for Mississippi A&M, in 1932, he was appointed the first Executive Director of the Mississippi Game and Fish Commission. David Paddock, quarterback for Georgia, the schools second All-American and he was named such by Parke H. Davis. Paddock is the player in school history to have a petition circulated by the student body requesting that he play for the Bulldogs. Included on Outing magazines FOOTBALL ROLL OF HONOR, boozer Pitts, center for Auburn, the lone unanimous selection. One writer claims Auburn had a lot of football teams. Included on Outing magazines FOOTBALL ROLL OF HONOR, Pitts later coached and was once professor of mathematics at Auburn. The Atlanta Constitution praised his smashing brilliant game in the line, bully Van de Graaff, tackle for Alabama

37.
1915 College Football All-Southern Team
–
The 1915 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations in 1915. Josh Cody and Baby Taylor were selected third-team All-Americans by Walter Camp, Van de Graaff was Alabamas first ever All-American. Buck Mayer of the 8–1 Virginia Cavaliers was the souths first consensus All-American, the point-a-minute Vanderbilt Commodores won the SIAA. He was selected for the Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era, later a prominent football coach at many institutions. Rabbit Curry, quarterback for Vanderbilt, unanimous selection, during the First World War, he was killed in aerial combat over France. Russ Cohen, end for Vanderbilt, later an assistant under Wallace Wade at Alabama and head coach at LSU, wooch Fielder, halfback for Georgia Tech, later an influential veteran of the Second World War. He also played baseball and was later Georgia baseball coach, bob Lang, guard for Georgia Tech, the first guard selected for the Heisman era All-Era Tech football team. Walter Neville, fullback for Georgia, made All-Southern in his first year on the varsity, david Paddock, quarterback for Georgia, the only player in school history to have a petition circulated by the student body requesting that he play for the Bulldogs. Baby Taylor, guard for Auburn, unanimous selection, weighing just under 200 pounds, Taylor would be a small player today, but he was then considered quite large, worth three ordinary men. Miss Virginia Gilmer, an Auburn fan of some 13 years of age once told Taylor that “if she were a boy and as big as he and had any sense at all she would be an all-southern tackle. ”Third-team Camp All-American Charlie Thompson, end for Georgia, captain-elect but ruled ineligible for next year. Bully Van de Graaff, tackle for Alabama, unanimous selection and he was selected for the Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era. Alabamas first All-American, and brother of the inventor of the Van de Graaff generator which produces high voltages, Bully Van de Graaff, Baby Taylor, and Rabbit Curry were unanimous selections

38.
1916 College Football All-Southern Team
–
The 1916 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations in 1916. Georgia Tech posted the best SIAA record, and tied for the championship with Tennessee, graham Vowell, Pup Phillips, and Irby Curry were selected for Walter Camps third-team All-American. Both Curry and Tommy Spence would die in France serving the United States in the First World War, the season included the 222 to 0 defeat of Cumberland. Josh Cody, tackle for Vanderbilt, inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1970 and he was selected for the Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era. Later a prominent football coach at many institutions, rabbit Curry, quarterback for Vanderbilt, was selected third-team All-American by Walter Camp. During the First World War, he was killed in combat over France. Bob Lang, guard for Georgia Tech, starter in the 222 to 0 win and he was the first guard selected for the Heisman era All-Era Tech football team. Chink Lowe, guard and captain-elect for Tennessee and he served in the First World War as a marine and earned the Distinguished Service Cross. Pup Phillips, center for Georgia Tech, was selected third-team All-American by Walter Camp, the first Tech center to be selected All-Southern. Doc Rodes, halfback for Kentucky, a team which defeated Centre 68–0, kentuckys only loss came against Vanderbilt. Vanderbilt coach Dan McGugin stated If you would give me Doc Rodes, Tommy Spence, fullback for Georgia Tech, scored second most behind Strupper in the 222 to 0 win. Spence, like Curry, was also a casualty of the First World War over French skies and he is the namesake of Spence Air Base. Everett Strupper, halfback for Georgia Tech, inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1972 and he was deaf and scored the most in the 222 to 0 win. Graham Vowell, end and captain for Tennessee, the unanimous selection. He was also selected third-team All-American by Walter Camp, after football, he worked in the lumber business. Graham Vowell†, Tennessee Lloyd Wolfe, Tennessee Red Jones, Auburn Si Bell, Georgia Tech Neil Edmond, DJ = Dick Jemison of the Atlanta Constitution. He had an All-Southern and an All-SIAA selection, the only difference was switching Eben Wortham at halfback for Folger. H = John Heisman, coach at Georgia Institute of Technology, MB = Morgan Blake of the Atlanta Journal

39.
1917 College Football All-Southern Team
–
Georgia Tech won the SIAA and the souths first national championship. Walker Carpenter and Everett Strupper were the first two players from the Deep South selected first-team All-American, the composite All-Southern eleven formed by the selection of 7 coaches and sporting writers included, Alf Adams, end for Vanderbilt. Adams was also a star and later a prominent attorney. Bonner is selected at guard for various all-time Auburn teams, walker Carpenter, tackle and captain for Georgia Tech championship team. He and Strupper were the first two players from the Deep South selected first-team All-American, ducote is often considered Auburns greatest player of its early years. He also kicked and later coached, bill Fincher, tackle for Georgia Tech, inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1974. He was also a great as a placekicker. Buck Flowers, halfback for Davidson, inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1955 and he was selected for the Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era. He was just 17 years old when the season started, joe Guyon, back for Georgia Tech, inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1971 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1966. He was unanimously selected for the Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era, albert Hill, quarterback for Georgia Tech, received the most carries on Techs championship team and was the nations high scorer. Pup Phillips, center for Georgia Tech and he was later involved in politics and attempted to pass a resolution to re-establish the Auburn–Alabama rivalry. Everett Strupper, halfback for Georgia Tech, inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1972 and he was deaf and produced the most yards for Techs championship team. The seven were Dick Jemison, John Heisman, Morgan Blake, Fred Bodeker, George Watkins, Fred Digby, DJ = selected by Dick Jemison, sporting editor for the Atlanta Constitution. MB = selected by Morgan Blake, sporting editor for the Atlanta Georgian, FD = selected by Fred Digby, sporting editor for the New Orleans Item. ZN = selected by Zipp Newman, assistant sporting editor for the Birmingham News, HB = selected by Happy Barnes of Tulane University, in the New Orleans Item. H = selected by John Heisman, coach of Georgia Institute of Technology, FB = selected by Fred Bodeker of the Birmingham Age-Herald. NT = selected by the Nashville Tennessean, CM = selected by Country Morris, assistant coach at Clemson College. HW = selected by former Sewanee player Henry Watkins, GT = selected by the Technique, Georgia Techs student newspaper