The countering of global warming is inevitable for the survival of humanity. However, the entire prospect of reducing the menace seems to be much commercialized to alarming proportions. Taking the costs incurred in the purchase carbon offsets for example, transaction directly and indirectly related to this are estimated to cost 150 Billion. The future projections even look more perturbing, standing at an estimated 3 trillion in the year 2020.
The increase in the industrial prospects of the world should have been coupled with proportionate increases in the forests to counter the large emissions of carbons. However, rather than having the forest coverage increased, the forests reserve land have been grabbed as has been mentioned above. In fighting the global warming menace, the start point should be the redemption of such cardinal land parcels and subsequent use in the increasing of the forest cover.

The world however, seems to have some misplaced priorities, concentrating on the causal factors and letting alone the contributing factors. Indeed if the combating efforts are turning out to be business as mentioned above, the efforts towards the alleviation of the menace would be sabotaged and scuttled. Perhaps what Copenhagen needed to have ardently addressed was probable approaches towards combating the menace, in particular what should be done about the forests.
The forests will suck the carbons from the airs and therefore reduce the overall green house effect. On the other extreme, when the world allows for the wanton destruction of the forests through burning the carbons absorbed by the trees are released into the atmosphere. This turns out to be a double tragedy.

The present land tenure system in Mexico is just as questionable coupled with the issue of land grabbing (Jakes Kosek, 4). Traversing the entire country, it emerges that numerous personal parcels of land, public parcels of land and communal land parcels have been grabbed. These have led to unwarranted landlessness by genuine land owners. Subsequently, the landless have opted to seek refuge within the forests. This has directly led to the deforestation and therefore to the overwhelming effects of global warming.

While it needs to be appreciated that transportation emissions also highly contribute to the carbon emissions into the atmosphere, the proportions resultant from this source are relatively low. Ultimate, the chief contributor to the menace is deforestation, accounting for an estimated 20. Appreciably, America and other forested nations are in favor of the practice except Europe, where the policy guidelines on the same are slightly blurred leaving the practice to shear chance. It is largely agreeable that global warming is taking toll on the goings-on of the entire universe. However, the concept seems to be getting largely protracted by the day. In deed, the larger causal factor of global warming is emanating from the activities of industrialization but there are other fatal aspects of the aspect than just the emissions from the industries. The other aspects are largely sidelined yet their contributions to the whole treacherous aspect of global warming appear very surmountable.
Environmentalists have exerted sufficient pressure on the government of the day towards the development, adoption and the implementation of policies that would be incidental in the promotion of the overall environmental conservation prospects. Inherently, such policies as the adoption of forest grazing policies have been meant to reduce the activities being carried out in the forests (Jakes Kosek, 8). It is this continued dwelling in the forests that result in the wanton destruction of the forests.
The government has given small scale timber industries access to the forests. While the government may want to cry foul about the goings-on in the forests, this move shows that their concerns could just be as belated. If not, the government would just be interested in the presentation of paradoxes emanating from its precincts.
The entire evil of deforestation seems to be precipitated by the capitalist nature of the Mexican government and nationals (Jakes Kosek, 19). Each individual wants to reap the most out of the ventures they undertake. Given this approach to the undertaking of the nationals, everybody is only bothered about their benefits rather than the resultant effects to the entire nation. In the process of amazing the most out of a venture, the majority poor and middle class end up paying for these evils.
Class and race seem to be equally playing some surmountable role in the destruction taking place in the forests in Mexico. The marginalized seem to resort to crime when they lack a sure and reliable source of income. Such evils are in the form of poaching, illegal charcoal burning in the woods and timber harvesting for the rich without bothering about the treacherous repercussions of the practice. Fervently, the argument presented here is that if the levels of poverty were reduced, the citizens would resist being dragged into engaging in criminal acts such as has been mentioned.
Deforestation has also been largely caused by the time to time forest fires that have been caused both intentionally and accidentally. Those who burn the forests intentionally are normally driven by hidden motives that would range from the diversion of the guards within the forests from the cardinal duty of protecting the forests to the fires hence allowing the criminals to undertake their crimes of poaching and tree harvesting (Jakes Kosek, 22).
The animals and other living creatures within the forest have had their lives being jeopardized (Jakes Kosek, 53). Not only have these lives been endangered through the fires but also the poachers and hunters. The government needs to adopt policies that would have the forest areas as protected areas. Unless the government undertakes swift measures towards this end, some of the animals that would largely be utilized in the attraction of tourists would become extinct. Perhaps another approach by the government worth adopting would be the proper specification of the forest resources to ensure the larger populace is made aware of the preserve of the forests.

Within the precinct of the systems approach to management, the government should make efforts aimed at integrating the neighborhood of the forest and forest management (Jakes Kosek, 56). This will lead to the acquisition of the support from the neighborhood towards identifying and protecting against any dangers to the survival of the forest resources. Besides, the community will feel part of the entire process of safeguarding their environment and therefore play an active role.
Mining in Mexico has also been a key cause of pollution concerns and therefore global warming. The mining industry should be made to even pay more for the damages that are caused through the resultant pollutions. Perhaps an alternative would be through the funding of the forestation prospects by the mining firms. This would both reduce the government expenditure towards reduction of the fumes in the atmosphere and also increase the overall forests cover in Mexico (Jakes Kosek, 65).

Overall, the challenging concept of global warming should not be blamed on the industrialization wholesome, but should be seen as a resultant of all the human activities. Hence the resolution of the menace should be a result of concerted effort from the entire human race, give that each has contributed to this dilapidating state (Jakes Kosek, 66).

Punishment
Indeed when any individual goes against the tenets of society, it appears inevitable that that the delinquent deserves punishment of whatever nature (Foucault, p 73). Nevertheless, the justification of punishment seems to be being protracted to levels too far. Perhaps the best approach to analyzing punishment would be set very specific objectives of any punishment. Formative, it needs to appreciated that infliction of pain should not be part of the objective of any punishment.
Torture today seems to have been taken as part of punishment (Foucault, p 78). However, it has been espoused by a number of psychologists that punishment only tends to harden the criminal, preparing him for bigger criminal engagements. In addition, torture seems an aspect of double tragedy as the act not only causes hardened criminals but it does also cause much human suffering (Foucault, p 103).
Similarly, it needs to be acknowledged that crime has also been largely caused by the increasing levels of poverty. The dire need is therefore to try and reduce the levels of poverty than torture the criminals. In spite of the torture that criminals get, it is evident that the crimes seem to be evolving relatively fast (Foucault, p 79). Today, crimes involving the shedding of blood have relatively reduced, but have been effectively replaced but crimes of fraudulent nature.
The pardons being offered by the royalties in countries also seem to complicate the entire aspect of punishment and crime prevention. The royalties may just well have their vested interests (Foucault, p 86). In earnest, the act of pardon presents a contradiction between the justice system and the political class. However, the ultimate objective of the punishment should be utterly corrective and not torturous.
In addition, the judges may equally have vested interests in the decision that they mete during their ruling against the criminals (Foucault, p 92). By making the punishment corrective, pain is eliminated in total for the suspected criminals who otherwise are innocent but convicted. Perhaps even those who indiscriminately kill animals should be equally punished. Given that illegality is utterly becoming an inherent part of society, reformation offers the bests and worth option.
The best approach to punishment should be simply vesting the responsibility to the large populace such that whoever finds criminal rounds him up and has the criminal punished in whatever manner without necessarily inflicting pains (Foucault, p 93). The person who punishes the criminal should be rewarded by the government. However, the principle criteria for punishment should be that the punishment remains very humane.
The starting point towards this end should be the stringent and very specific definition of punishment in accordance to the respective offences (Foucault, p 100). This should be done with due appreciation of the fact that unpunished crimes would be repeated anyhow. If rehabilitation through talking would have the criminal change, definitely society will believe that the criminal was punished, provided the objective has been ardently achieved.