FDA advisers support over-counter diet pill

Weight-loss drug still needs final agency approval

Published 10:00 pm, Monday, January 23, 2006

WASHINGTON -- Federal health advisers voted Monday to recommend over-the-counter sales of a weight-loss pill now sold only with a prescription.

GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare still needs final Food and Drug Administration approval before it can sell a non-prescription version of orlistat, a diet pill already marketed in prescription form as Xenical. The FDA approved the prescription version of the fat-blocking pill made by Roche in 1999.

A joint FDA advisory committee voted 11-3 to recommend approval Monday after a daylong hearing. The agency usually follows the recommendations of its outside panels of experts, but its final decision could take months.

If approved, orlistat would be the first weight-loss drug sanctioned for over-the-counter sales. Roche will continue selling Xenical regardless.

"We are excited about the potential opportunity to provide consumers with an FDA-approved over-the-counter option that promotes gradual yet meaningful weight loss," said George Quesnelle, president of GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare North America.

In six-month clinical trials, obese people who took orlistat lost on average 5.3 pounds to 6.2 pounds more than did those who were given dummy pills. Glaxo wants people to use it for only six months at a time, but as an over-the-counter item its use would not be policed.

The pill's effect ends once its use is stopped, said Dr. Julie Golden, a medical officer in the FDA's division of metabolism and endocrinology products. A previous study showed a progressive weight gain in patients after they discontinued use of orlistat, she said. Quesnelle said people could resume use or seek help from a doctor if they gain weight.

"I think the drug is safe enough to be OTC. It's an OTC indication. Although there are some i's that need to be dotted and t's crossed, it's suitable for OTC use," panel chairman Dr. Alastair Wood said.

The panel requested that the company conduct follow-up studies if and when the drug does reach the market, as well as rework the pill's label to ensure its proper use, Wood said.

Glaxo said the drug helps the overweight slim down only when combined with a diet and exercise regimen. The drug's actual effect on weight loss is "gradual and modest," said Steve Burton, Glaxo's vice president of weight control.

Dr. Sidney Wolfe of the watchdog group Public Citizen urged the panel to reject the company's application, calling it a "desperate attempt to revive this barely effective drug by an OTC switch."

The proposed over-the-counter orlistat pill, called Alli (pronounced "ally"), would contain half the dose of the prescription capsule.

Alli could cost consumers $12 to $25 a week, Glaxo said. The company estimated 5 million to 6 million Americans a year would buy the drug if offered over the counter. Those numbers could mean at least $1.5 billion a year in retail sales.

On Monday, FDA panel members questioned whether consumers would be able to distinguish Alli from non-approved dietary supplements also sold as weight-loss aids. They also expressed concern about its effect on vitamin intake. Half of the patients enrolled in trials of the drug failed to understand labeling directions that they should take supplemental vitamins at least two hours before or after using the pills.

When taken with meals, orlistat blocks the absorption of about one-quarter of any fat consumed. That fat -- the equivalent of about 150 to 200 calories -- is passed out of the body in stools, which can be loose or oily as a result. Other side effects include gas, incontinence and oily spotting. About half of patients in trials experienced such side effects, the company said.

The FDA reviewers expressed concern about the increased potential for abuse or misuse of a prescription-free version of the drug, especially among bulimics or binge-eaters who could develop vitamin deficiencies because of chronic use.