Stephen Hawking, world-renowned scientist, dies at age 76

Stephen Hawking has died. He was 76. Hawking's children announced the news early Wednesday morning local time. Hawking was one of the most brilliant physicists of his time. During his career, he conducted groundbreaking research into general relativity and black holes. Hawking also made headlines for some controversial statements about time travel being possible and artificial intelligence wiping out the human race. He held the academic post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge from 1979 to 2009. The prestigious title has a distinguished history: Sir Isaac Newton had that gig from 1669-1702. In 2009, then-President Barack Obama honored Hawking with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Hawking was also a best-selling author. One of his most well-known works, "A Brief History of Time," helped him become one of the most recognizable scientists in popular culture. Doctors diagnosed Hawking with a motor neuron disease called ALS when he was 21. The average life expectancy for people with ALS is three to five years after diagnosis. Hawking lived for more than 50 years with the disease. Hawking's life was the basis of the 2014 film "The Theory of Everything." Actor Eddie Redmayne, who played Hawking, won an Oscar for best actor. Hawking is survived by his three children and three grandchildren. Trending stories at Newsy.com President Trump Wants To Create A 'Space Force' To Fight Space Wars Trump Reportedly Looking To Replace VA Secretary David Shulkin Dog Dies After United Crew Member Insists It Fly In The Overhead Bin

LONDON - JANUARY 17: Professor Stephen Hawking delivers his speech at the release of the 'Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists' on January 17, 2007 in London, Ebgland. A group of scientists assessing the dangers posed to civilisation have moved the Doomsday Clock forward two minutes closer to midnight as an indication and warning of the threats of nuclear war and climate change. (Photo by Bruno Vincent/Getty Images)

Bruno Vincent

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Stephen Hawking, the brilliant British theoretical physicist who overcame a debilitating disease to publish wildly popular books probing the mysteries of the universe, has died, according to a family spokesman. He was 76.

Considered by many to be the world's greatest living scientist, Hawking was also a cosmologist, astronomer, mathematician and author of numerous books including the landmark "A Brief History of Time," which has sold more than 10 million copies.

With fellow physicist Roger Penrose, Hawking merged Einstein's theory of relativity with quantum theory to suggest that space and time would begin with the Big Bang and end in black holes. Hawking also discovered that black holes were not completely black but emit radiation and would likely eventually evaporate and disappear.

"A star just went out in the cosmos," Lawrence Krauss, a theoretical physicist and cosmologist, wrote on Twitter. "We have lost an amazing human being."

Hawking suffered from ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), a neurodegenerative disease commonly known as Lou Gehrig's Disease, which is usually fatal within a few years. He was diagnosed in 1963, when he was 21, and doctors initially only gave him a few years to live.

The disease left Hawking wheelchair-bound and paralyzed. He was able to move only a few fingers on one hand and was completely dependent on others or on technology for virtually everything -- bathing, dressing, eating, even speech.

Hawking used a speech synthesizer that allowed him to speak in a computerized voice with an American accent.

"I try to lead as normal a life as possible, and not think about my condition, or regret the things it prevents me from doing, which are not that many," he wrote on his website.

"I have been lucky that my condition has progressed more slowly than is often the case. But it shows that one need not lose hope."

Hawking was married twice. He and his first wife, Jane Wilde, wed when he was still a grad student and remained together for 30 years before divorcing in 1995. Hawking was later married for 11 years to Elaine Mason, one of his former nurses.

Hawking was born in Oxford, England, on what turned out to be an auspicious date: January 8, 1942 -- the 300th anniversary of the death of astronomer and physicist Galileo Galilei.

In an exclusive interview with CNN in October 2008, Hawking said that if humans can survive the next 200 years and learn to live in space, then our future will be bright.

"I believe that the long-term future of the human race must be in space," Hawking told CNN's Becky Anderson.

"It will be difficult enough to avoid disaster on planet Earth in the next 100 years, let alone next thousand, or million. The human race shouldn't have all its eggs in one basket, or on one planet. Let's hope we can avoid dropping the basket until we have spread the load."

At Cambridge, he held the position of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics -- the prestigious post held from 1669 to 1702 by Sir Isaac Newton, widely considered one of the greatest scientists in modern history.

Yet Hawking once said if he had the chance to meet Newton or Marilyn Monroe, he would opt for the movie star.

Hawking became a hero to math and science geeks and pop culture figure, guest-starring as himself on "Star Trek: The Next Generation" and "The Simpsons." His life was dramatized in the 2014 movie, "The Theory of Everything."

He had at least 12 honorary degrees and was awarded the CBE in 1982. A CBE, or Commander in the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, is considered a major honor for a British citizen and is one rank below knighthood.

Despite being a British citizen he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the US's highest civilian honor, in 2009 by President Barack Obama.

In September 2016 Hawking joined 375 "concerned" scientists in penning an open letter criticizing then-presidential candidate Donald Trump, citing the threat of climate change and blasting his push for the US to leave the Paris Accord.

Fellow scientists hailed Hawking for his work and influence in the field.

"His passing has left an intellectual vacuum in his wake," tweeted Neil deGrasse Tyson. "But it's not empty. Think of it as a kind of vacuum energy permeating the fabric of spacetime that defies measure."

Hawking leaves behind three children and three grandchildren. "We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today," Hawking's children, Lucy, Robert and Tim, said in a statement. "He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live on for many years. His courage and persistence with his brilliance and humor inspired people across the world."

"He once said, 'It would not be much of a universe if it wasn't home to the people you love.' We will miss him forever."