tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-50474556870905915812018-03-19T15:06:48.958-04:00 Kentucky Law, MostlyTom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.comBlogger208125LawFoxhttps://feedburner.google.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-39918670942341287752017-10-09T11:54:00.003-04:002017-10-09T11:54:52.240-04:00Open meetings - Closed Sessons<br />17-OMD-206<br /><br />October 5, 2017<br /><br /><br />In re: &nbsp;Thomas Fox/City of West Buechel<br /><br />Summary:<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>City of West Buechel violated the Open Meetings Act by failing to respond to an open meetings complaint, failing to vote before entering a closed session, failing to give notice of the reason for a closed session or the nature of the business to be discussed, failing to cite an exception under KRS 61.810(1), and discussing public business in a closed session without an applicable exception.<br /><br />Open Meetings Decision<br /><br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The question presented in this appeal is whether the City of West Buechel violated provisions of the Open Meetings Act when, at meetings on June 13, 2017, and August 8, 2017, the city council went into closed session to discuss public business without a public vote and without giving public notice of the nature of the business to be discussed, the reason for the closed session, or the provision of the Open Meetings Act that authorized the closed session. &nbsp;For the reasons that follow, we find that the council’s actions violated the Act.<br /><br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In a complaint to Mayor Richard W. Richards dated September 12, 2017, Thomas Fox alleged that at the June 13 meeting the council entered a closed session with no vote beforehand, and with no notice except for an announcement by the city attorney “that the closed session was for a ‘quasi-judicial’ function without any indication what ‘quasi-judicial’ function was being performed.” &nbsp;As for the August 8 meeting, Mr. Fox alleged that the council went into closed session in a similar manner, with no vote of the members and prefaced only by the following discussion:<br /><br />Attorney Casey McCall to Mayor Richards: &nbsp;“Just say there are two issues that are to be discussed. &nbsp;By statute they can be discussed in closed session.”<br />Mayor Richards: &nbsp;“There’s going to be two issues discussed. &nbsp;Per KRS they need to be discussed in a private separate session. &nbsp;So at this time we would ask, if you all wouldn’t mind, just stepping outside the door…”<br />Council Member Tony Clark: &nbsp;“Motion?”<br />Council Member Brenda Kay Moore: &nbsp;“I make a motion that we go into executive session to discuss private matters.”<br />Mayor Richards: &nbsp;“I was going to ask for that after I explained to the people what we were doing.”<br />Clerk Kim Richards: &nbsp;“Need a second.”<br />Council Member Ruth Mosely: &nbsp;“Second.”<br />Mayor Richards: &nbsp;“Second by Council Mosely. &nbsp;Thank you, Mrs. Mosely.”<br />Clerk Kim Richards: &nbsp;“Tape recorder is off.”<br /><br />As a remedy for the alleged violation, Mr. Fox proposed that the mayor be made aware of the penalty for an open meetings violation and issue a written specification of matters discussed in the closed sessions. &nbsp;After receiving no response to his complaint, Mr. Fox initiated this appeal on September 21, 2017.<br /><br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>KRS 61.846(1) requires a public agency, after receiving a complaint of an open meetings violation, to “determine within three (3) days, excepting Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays, … whether to remedy the alleged violation pursuant to the complaint,” and to “notify in writing the person making the complaint, within the three (3) day period, of its decision.” &nbsp;Since no such response was issued within that period, we necessarily find the city in violation of KRS 61.846(1).<br /><br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In a response to the appeal dated September 27, 2017, on behalf of the city, attorney John Casey McCall denies none of the factual allegations made by Mr. Fox. &nbsp;He offers the following by way of explanation:<br /><br />No action was taken in the executive session. &nbsp;The only items discussed in the closed session meetings were a personnel issue regarding residency of one of the council members in which the attorney gave an update on the residency status of one of the council members, which included comments regarding a request for help from the Attorney General’s Office. &nbsp;Again, no action was taken besides simply to inform the council members of the on-going action.<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The second item that was discussed, which is exempt from the open records [sic], was the matter of an on-going investigation by law enforcement into monies stolen from various bank accounts of the City. &nbsp;To have discussed this at open session may have compromised the on-going investigation and should have been exempt. &nbsp;Again, no action by the City took place at either of the closed sessions for the June meeting and the August meeting. &nbsp;The City rarely has closed session regarding any matters as everything should be open to the public. &nbsp;However, in these two very specific instances, I was concerned with impeding or obstructing an on-going criminal investigation into matters concerning the City’s bank accounts.<br /><br />(Emphasis added.)<br /><br />&nbsp;<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>KRS 61.810(1) requires, with certain specific exceptions, that “[a]ll meetings of a quorum of the members of any public agency at which any public business is discussed or at which any action is taken by the agency, shall be public meetings, open to the public at all times.” &nbsp;(Emphasis added.) &nbsp;Regardless of whether action is taken, therefore, no discussion of public business may be held in closed session unless an exception listed in KRS 61.810(1) applies. <br /><br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>KRS 61.815(1)(a) requires that prior to a closed session, notice must be given in open session “of the general nature of the business to be discussed in closed session, the reason for the closed session, and the specific provision of KRS 61.810 authorizing the closed session.” &nbsp;It is undisputed that the city council failed to cite a specific provision authorizing the closed session during either the June or the August meeting (nor, in fact, has counsel cited any such provision on appeal). &nbsp;Thus, the closed session was conducted in violation of the Open Meetings Act. &nbsp;09-OMD-169.<br /><br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Furthermore, it is not sufficient to state the nature of the business to be discussed with a simple label such as “litigation” or “personnel”— or, as in this case, “private matters” or “quasi-judicial function.” &nbsp;See, e.g., 03-OMD-221 (“litigation”); 12-OMD-102 (“personnel”). <br /><br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Nor do such labels give an indication of the reason why the closed session is necessary. &nbsp;As this office has long recognized:<br /><br />[T]he Open Meetings Act . . . contemplates more than agency recitation of language of the exception authorizing the closed session, but less than a detailed description of the matter to be discussed. &nbsp;In construing KRS 61.805 to 61.850, the Supreme Court observed:<br /><br />The express purpose of the Open Meetings Act is to maximize notice of public meetings and actions. &nbsp;The failure to comply with the strict letter of the law in conducting meetings of a public agency violates the public good.<br /><br />Floyd County Board of Education v. Ratliff, 955 S.W.2d 921, 923 (Ky. 1987). &nbsp;With specific reference to KRS 61.815, the Court declared that prior to going into closed session, the public agency “must state the specific exception contained in the statute which it relied upon,” and give “specific and complete notification . . . of any and all topics which are to be discussed during the closed meeting.” &nbsp;Id. at 924. &nbsp;In view of the disparate nature of the twelve [now thirteen] exceptions, there can be no bright line test for determining if specific and complete notification has been given. &nbsp;However, consistent with the right of the people to “remain[] informed so that they retain control over the instruments they have created” (1974 HB 100, Preamble), we believe that the notification must include both a statement of the exception authorizing the closed session and a description of the business to be discussed couched in sufficiently specific terms to enable the public to assess the propriety of the agency’s actions.<br /><br />00-OMD-64 (citation form updated). &nbsp;Merely invoking a cursory phrase such as “private matters” or “quasi-judicial function” amounts to less than “agency recitation of language of the exception authorizing the closed session,” and therefore is clearly inadequate to comply with KRS 61.815(1).<br /><br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Additionally, it is apparent from the record that no majority vote of the council members was conducted prior to the closed sessions. &nbsp;KRS 61.815(1)(b) provides: &nbsp;“Closed sessions may be held only after a motion is made and carried by a majority vote in open, public session.” &nbsp;Therefore, the city council failed to meet any of the procedural requirements for a closed session under KRS 61.815(1).<br /><br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>We further conclude that both closed sessions were substantively in violation of KRS 61.810(1), as none of the thirteen exceptions listed in that subsection are manifestly applicable to the public business discussed. &nbsp;There is no specific provision for discussing the “residency status” of a member of the public body. &nbsp;Even if the matter were characterized generally as “a personnel issue,” KRS 61.810(1)(f) is limited to “[d]iscussions or hearings which might lead to the appointment, discipline, or dismissal of an individual employee, member, or student…. &nbsp;This exception shall not be interpreted to permit discussion of general personnel matters in secret.” &nbsp;(Emphasis added.) &nbsp;“Consistent with the rule of strict construction codified at KRS 61.800, [the Attorney General] has narrowly read the terms appointment, discipline, and dismissal to insure that the words are given their ordinary, and not a strained or overly expansive, meaning.” &nbsp;10-OMD-023 (citing Lynch v. Com., 902 S.W.2d 813, 814 (Ky. 1995)). &nbsp;As there is no indication that anything in the nature of a removal proceeding for the member was at issue, we do not find that KRS 61.810(1)(f) would have been applicable to that discussion in closed session, had that provision even been cited by the council. <br /><br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Furthermore, there is no exception under KRS 61.810(1) which would apply generally to discussion of ongoing law enforcement investigations. &nbsp;Accordingly, we find that the closed sessions held by the City Council of West Buechel in June and August 2017 were in violation of both KRS 61.810(1) and KRS 61.815(1). &nbsp;The failure to respond to Mr. Fox’s open meetings complaint within three business days was a violation of KRS 61.846(1).<br /><br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>A party aggrieved by this decision may appeal it by initiating action in the appropriate circuit court pursuant to KRS 61.846(4)(a). &nbsp;The Attorney General must be notified of any action in circuit court, but should not be named as a party in that action or in any subsequent proceedings.<br /><br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Andy Beshear<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Attorney General<br /><br /><br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>James M. Herrick<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Assistant Attorney General<br /><br />#384<br /><br />Distributed to:<br /><br />Thomas Fox, J.D.<br />J. Casey McCall, Esq.<br />Hon. Richard W. Richards<br />Ms. Kimberly R. Richards<br />-------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/qNVTjVRPh-k" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2017/10/open-meetings-closed-sessons.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-61119905228758775252017-07-22T11:08:00.003-04:002017-07-22T11:08:58.742-04:00Kill the lawyers<br /><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;">Many before me have written about the possibility of eliminating lawyers. It was Shakespeare who wrote in Henry VI, "</span><i style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;">The first thing we do, let's kill all the lawyers</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;">."</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;">It's an impractical goal in an age of specialization, and in which the lawyers have insinuated themselves into every aspect of modern life. The necessity of lawyers is bonded to our national ideals, as a nation of laws and not of men; or a nation of laws and not of church authority. Lawyers are indispensable artifacts of the way we live and what we value. Looking on the bright side, it is lawyers and the judicial system which allows us to resolve disputes without bloodshed. Not like the old days.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;">But, giving lawyers their due does not require total capitulation. There are, in fact, many lawyers who are interested in noting more than to line their own pockets at anybody's expense. That is just a fact, and it is not intended as an indictment of all honest hard-working lawyers. But, the ancient question, "How many lawyers does it take to skin a client?" has always been answered, "Two. One of whom is supposedly working&nbsp;</span><b style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;">for</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;">&nbsp;the client."</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;">Lawyers are expensive, and paying for lawyers is a game for the affluent. The less affluent suffer, or do without. Win or lose, it is always expensive in one way or another.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;">Just as you don't need a doctor for every little cut or scrape, you don't actually need a lawyer for every trifling legal matter. This is assuming you can tell the difference between when you do need a lawyer and when you do not, but there is an inherent danger in any system that is structured so that defending one's own vital interests is dependent upon pricey outside assistance.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;">The legal self-help movement has a long history, going back at least to 1845, when Thomas Wooler published his&nbsp;</span><u style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;">Every Man His Own Attorney</u><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;">. Wooler wrote,&nbsp;</span><br /><blockquote style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;">"When attorneys are employed, they must be paid; and their charges are not always regulated either by their abilities, or their service to a client, but by their own desire to make as much as they can. This evil can only be remedied by making their clients well informed on common subjects, and able to see what course they are taking in matters of more intricacy."</blockquote><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;">The lawyer's Code of Professional Responsibility and the Model Rules of Professional Conduct reflect an idealistic goal of the profession pursuing legal education of the public, but the extent of what education that actually happens does not go beyond pointing out the need to hire an attorney. The Canadian legal system recognizes that Lawyers "share responsibility for ensuring that broader society has a knowledge and understanding of the law and an appreciation of the values advanced by the rule of law."&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.advocates.ca/assets/files/pdf/education/Symposium-on-Professionalism/Duty_to_Court.pdf" style="background-color: white; color: #888888; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px; text-decoration: none;">Robert Bell &amp; Caroline Abela</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;">&nbsp;</span><br /><blockquote style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.84px;">"The question of whether lawyers have an ethical duty to perform public service--and, in particular, whether the obligation requires that a percentage of time be devoted to providing free legal services to the poor has a disjointed and uneven history. Leaders of the bar, espousing various and often conflicting views of morality, compassion, noblesse oblige, and individual autonomy, have contributed to this state of affairs, creating a complicated web of vague ideals that today jeopardizes the legal profession's sense of its own public obligations. On the one hand, the legal profession remains dedicated to the traditional view that public service is a matter of personal charity, to be performed at the discretion of the individual attorney. And yet, despite the prevalence of this dominant notion, an undercurrent of thought rejects the relativistic approach to public service, arguing instead that lawyers have a professional responsibility to help assure that legal services are available to all, including those who cannot afford to purchase representation on the open market. The Code of Professional Responsibility and the Model Rules of Professional Conduct reflect both notions of public service, sending mixed signals to members of the bar as to whether their professional duties include the obligation to render free legal services to those in need." -&nbsp;<u>The lawyer's duty of public service: More than charity?</u>&nbsp;- 96 W. Va. L. Rev. 367, Winter, 1993/1994</blockquote>--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/9oOPUNUeBH0" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2017/07/kill-lawyers.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-68755430813425495212017-04-26T17:37:00.003-04:002017-04-26T17:37:58.634-04:00Armstrong v. West BuechelWm. Vernon Armstrong, former West Buechel City employee, filed a civil complaint in the US District Court today, against The City and Richard Richards individually. The complaint alleges racial discrimination and wrongful termination by the defendants. The suit seeks back pay, reinstatement and attorney fees. <p style=" margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block;"> <a title="View Armstrong v. West Buechel on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/346491692/Armstrong-v-West-Buechel#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" >Armstrong v. West Buechel</a> by <a title="View Southern Specialty Law Publishing's profile on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/user/254558311/Southern-Specialty-Law-Publishing#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" >Southern Specialty Law Publishing</a> on Scribd</p><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/346491692/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-yOs7GWMptwD3WIXn0orT&show_recommendations=true" data-auto-height="false" data-aspect-ratio="0.7729220222793488" scrolling="no" id="doc_97777" width="100%" height="600" frameborder="0"></iframe><br /><br />--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/SojsF9JGv8c" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2017/04/armstrong-v-west-buechel.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-16255940824408210632017-04-26T14:13:00.002-04:002017-04-26T14:13:52.605-04:00West Buechel meeting updateWest Buechel, Ky<br /><br />After being advised of the Open Meetings Act violation, 4 of 6 Cty Council members decided not to attend. The meeting was either adjourned by Mayor Richards or canceled by City Attorney Casey McCall for lack of a quorum. Neither Mayor Richards nor City Clerk-Treasurer Kim Richards admitted any responsibility for the screw up.<br /><br />Nothing new<br /><br />----------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/CdOICY0bit8" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2017/04/west-buechel-meeting-update.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-11848754757553342152017-04-25T13:38:00.001-04:002017-04-25T13:38:10.402-04:00West Buechel Open Meetings Complaint<p style=" margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block;"> <a title="View 2017 04 25 Open Meetings Complaint on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/346343726/2017-04-25-Open-Meetings-Complaint#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" >2017 04 25 Open Meetings Complaint</a> by <a title="View Southern Specialty Law Publishing's profile on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/user/254558311/Southern-Specialty-Law-Publishing#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" >Southern Specialty Law Publishing</a> on Scribd</p><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/346343726/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-xSJ8FS53aHoZssMQkDqO&show_recommendations=true" data-auto-height="false" data-aspect-ratio="0.7729220222793488" scrolling="no" id="doc_4216" width="100%" height="600" frameborder="0"></iframe> --------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/kjarI8fD0E8" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2017/04/west-buechel-open-meetings-complaint.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-35200602573472140462017-03-17T08:28:00.000-04:002017-03-17T08:29:44.791-04:00West Buechel's mighty fine City gubment West Buechel's mighty fine gubment enacted a gross receipts business tax this week using standard West Buechel gubment operating procedures . . . illegally.<br /><br />One City Council member was absent from this month's Council meeting due to being in rehab recovering from a stroke.<br /><br />Mayor Ricky Richards mighty fine plan was to finagle a proxy from a guy in a hospital bed to get the votes he needed for the Mayor's beloved and long sought after business tax hike.<br /><br />The Council vote this Tuesday was three against and two in favor of the gross receipts tax. With the proxy vote from the MIA Council member, it was a 3 - 3 tie, which Mayor Ricky broke by voting in favor of higher taxes.<br /><br />West Buechel's mighty fine City Attorney, John Casey McCall, opined that a proxy vote from an absent Council member was a mighty fine way to do business in Kentucky, and it was all good with him.<br /><br />I suspect the final chapter on this mighty fine gross receipts Ordinance has not yet been written.<br /><br />--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/irFCR5CGz88" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2017/03/west-buechels-mighty-find-city-gunmetals.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-61018591602863843552016-09-21T17:12:00.000-04:002016-09-21T17:12:08.640-04:00Very Bad News for West BuechelGoing all the way back to West Buechel's original Insurance Premium Tax Ordinance in 1984 and including all available variations and subsequent amendments, both real and imagined (See: <a href="http://accountableky.org/watchdog/2016/09/20/west-buechel-the-great-tax-hoax-of-2012/" target="_blank">West Buechel: The Great Tax Hoax of 2012</a>), NOT A SINGLE ONE states a <u>purpose</u> for the tax imposed. &nbsp; <br /><br />If anyone takes the Kentucky Revised Statutes on this subject seriously, it means the City of West Buechel has a big potential problem. <br /><br />KRS 92.330 requires of Home Rule Class Cities that the <u>purpose</u> for which a tax or license fee is imposed, <i>"<u>shall be specified</u> in the ordinance, and the revenue therefrom shall be expended for no other purpose than that for which the tax was levied or the license fee imposed. <b>Failure to specify the purpose of the tax or license fee shall render the ordinance invalid.</b>"&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</i><br /><br />The size of the problem would be about $1 Million of Insurance Premium Taxes collected over the last five years. Five years is likely the applicable statute of limitations.<br /><br /><i> </i><br /><i>Is there a lawyer in the house?</i><br /><br /><div class="DV-container" id="DV-viewer-3111836-WB-Insurance-Premium-Ordinances"></div><script src="//assets.documentcloud.org/viewer/loader.js"></script><script> DV.load("https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3111836-WB-Insurance-Premium-Ordinances.js", { width: 600, height: 800, sidebar: false, text: false, container: "#DV-viewer-3111836-WB-Insurance-Premium-Ordinances" }); </script><noscript> <a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3111836/WB-Insurance-Premium-Ordinances.pdf">WB-Insurance-Premium-Ordinances (PDF)</a> <br /> <a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3111836/WB-Insurance-Premium-Ordinances.txt">WB-Insurance-Premium-Ordinances (Text)</a></noscript> --------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/h0LbCSx4t8Y" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/09/very-bad-news-for-west-buechel.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-35360753738831207012016-09-21T16:35:00.000-04:002016-09-21T16:35:06.653-04:00The danger of legal specializationThe Kentucky Department of Insurance is kind enough to offer Cities and Counties a <a href="http://insurance.ky.gov/Documents/modellgptordinance051314.pdf" target="_blank">Model&nbsp; Local Insurance Premium Tax Ordinance</a>. It is, in my estimate, the best and most comprehensive Ordinance of its type that I have seen, with one serious flaw.<br /><br />KRS 92.330 requires of Home Rule Class Cities that the <u>purpose</u> for which a tax or license fee is imposed, <i>"<u>shall be specified</u> in the ordinance, and the revenue therefrom shall be expended for no other purpose than that for which the tax was levied or the license fee imposed. <b>Failure to specify the purpose of the tax or license fee shall render the ordinance invalid.</b>"&nbsp; </i><br /><br />Tough love.&nbsp;<br /><br />Further, KRS 92.340 is also very tough.<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><i>"If, in any city of the home rule class, any city tax revenue is expended for a purpose other than that for which the tax was levied or the license fee imposed, each officer, agent or employee who, by a refusal to act, could have prevented the expenditure, and the members of the city legislative body who voted for the expenditure,<b> shall be jointly and severally liable to the city for the amount so expended</b>. . . . ."</i></blockquote>&nbsp;Alas, the Department of Insurance's Model Ordinance does not seem to include any provision or reminder that a city ordinance must state a purpose for the tax or license fee. I've read through it only three times, so <i>maybe</i> it's there.<br /><br />It looks to be a nasty trap for the unwary city official.<br /><br />Good insurance lawyers are not necessarily good municipal lawyers. <br /><br /><br /><br /><br />--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/y01tFvp2d1U" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/09/the-danger-of-legal-specialization.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-35262999299572685842016-09-18T12:30:00.003-04:002016-09-18T12:30:23.091-04:00Show Cause Motion ServedYes, I am an old dog.<br /><br />Yes, this is a new trick.<br /><br /><div class="DV-container" id="DV-viewer-3110258-2016-09-18-Show-Cause-Complete"></div><script src="//assets.documentcloud.org/viewer/loader.js"></script><script> DV.load("https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3110258-2016-09-18-Show-Cause-Complete.js", { width: 600, height: 800, sidebar: false, text: false, container: "#DV-viewer-3110258-2016-09-18-Show-Cause-Complete" }); </script><noscript> <a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3110258/2016-09-18-Show-Cause-Complete.pdf">2016-09-18-Show-Cause-Complete (PDF)</a> <br /> <a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3110258/2016-09-18-Show-Cause-Complete.txt">2016-09-18-Show-Cause-Complete (Text)</a></noscript> --------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/IHKmFQ9nWls" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/09/show-cause-motion-served.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-30105761466598219972016-09-18T09:12:00.003-04:002016-09-18T09:31:04.767-04:00Dear Mr. Attorney General - Part 2<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DThGFlGAv7Y/V96TplytNrI/AAAAAAAADJo/YhPXjsSG7i4Mv9PaxmaZkokVA3NY1WK2QCLcB/s1600/kim-2-350px.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Kim Richards - West Buechel, KY, Clerk-Treasurer" border="0" height="200" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DThGFlGAv7Y/V96TplytNrI/AAAAAAAADJo/YhPXjsSG7i4Mv9PaxmaZkokVA3NY1WK2QCLcB/s200/kim-2-350px.jpg" title="" width="152" /></a></div><br />If you ever wish to do business with West Buechel City Hall, bring lollipops.&nbsp; You will be dealing with children.<br /><br />Evil defective children.<br /><br /><span class="st">William Golding wrote a book about this place.</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div atyle="clear:both"></div><div class="DV-container" id="DV-viewer-3110252-2016-09-18-AG-Bank-Records-COMBINED"></div><script src="//assets.documentcloud.org/viewer/loader.js"></script><script> DV.load("https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3110252-2016-09-18-AG-Bank-Records-COMBINED.js", { width: 600, height: 800, sidebar: false, text: false, container: "#DV-viewer-3110252-2016-09-18-AG-Bank-Records-COMBINED" }); </script><noscript> <a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3110252/2016-09-18-AG-Bank-Records-COMBINED.pdf">2016-09-18-AG-Bank-Records-COMBINED (PDF)</a> <br /> <a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3110252/2016-09-18-AG-Bank-Records-COMBINED.txt">2016-09-18-AG-Bank-Records-COMBINED (Text)</a></noscript> <br />--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/WTpVe-Qe2fA" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/09/dear-mr-attorney-general-part-2.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-61011563801579729082016-09-17T21:31:00.002-04:002016-09-17T21:32:57.795-04:00We are off now to annoy the Attorney GeneralWhat better way to spend a Saturday evening? Asking the Attorney General to review a West Buechel Open Records response. Can't beat it.<br /><br /><div class="DV-container" id="DV-viewer-3110212-2016-09-17-AG-10350-COMBINED"></div><script src="//assets.documentcloud.org/viewer/loader.js"></script><script> DV.load("https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3110212-2016-09-17-AG-10350-COMBINED.js", { width: 600, height: 800, sidebar: false, text: false, container: "#DV-viewer-3110212-2016-09-17-AG-10350-COMBINED" }); </script><noscript> <a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3110212/2016-09-17-AG-10350-COMBINED.pdf">2016-09-17-AG-10350-COMBINED (PDF)</a> <br /> <a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3110212/2016-09-17-AG-10350-COMBINED.txt">2016-09-17-AG-10350-COMBINED (Text)</a></noscript><br />--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/NAK82yty5oo" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/09/we-are-off-now-to-annoy-attorney-general.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-34490691997448745002016-09-14T18:08:00.000-04:002016-09-14T18:08:11.154-04:00Open Records and Settlement AgreementsThis is what the Kentucky Supreme Court has to say about it.<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">"[I]n <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5047682903511713576&amp;q=info:7MaNIIq-RtsJ:scholar.google.com&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0,18"><i>Central Kentucky News-Journal v. George,</i> 306 S.W.3d 41 (Ky. 2010)</a> and <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=15002817623104185331&amp;q=info:7MaNIIq-RtsJ:scholar.google.com&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0,18"><i>Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government v. Lexington Herald-Leader Company,</i> 941 S.W.2d 469 (Ky. 1997),</a> we addressed requests for disclosure of settlement agreements in law suits brought by private citizens against, respectively, a school board and a police department. Notwithstanding confidentiality agreements between the parties, we held that the settlements were subject to disclosure. The public's keen interest in knowing the terms of the settlements—the amount of public funds paid out by the agencies in compensation for what injuries to whom—easily outweighed, we explained, the recipients' interest in keeping the settlements private."<br /><br /><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=15800525843136890604" target="_blank">Lawson v. Office of Attorney General</a>, 415 SW 3d 59 (Ky. 2013) </blockquote><br />--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/9-TuOh3OceI" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/09/open-records-and-settlement-agreements.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-29434096372867359422016-09-14T10:01:00.000-04:002016-09-14T10:06:58.355-04:00West Buechel - Let the process beginYep. It might take a year or two to get to the bottom of this.<br /><br />What of it?<br /><br /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument></xml><![endif]--><br /><!--[if !mso]><img src="https://img1.blogblog.com/img/video_object.png" style="background-color: #b2b2b2; " class="BLOGGER-object-element tr_noresize tr_placeholder" id="ieooui" data-original-id="ieooui" /><style>st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]><style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style><![endif]--> <br /><div class="MsoNormal">To:</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Kimberly R. Richards, Clerk-Treasurer</div><div class="MsoNormal">City of West Buechel</div><div class="MsoNormal">3705 Bashford Avenue</div><div class="MsoNormal">West Buechel, Kentucky 40218</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">DELIVERED BY Fax to 502-456-6928</div><div class="MsoNormal">&amp; via emailed PDF attachment to <a href="mailto:r.richards@westbuechelky.gov">r.richards@westbuechelky.gov</a>&amp; k.richards@westbuechelky.gov</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Re: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Open Records Request</b>– August, 2016 City check issued for $10,350 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Dear Ms Richards:</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">The August, 2016, Check Detail report you prepared recently shows a City check having been issued on August 13 in the amount of $10,350 for "Legal&nbsp; Services – Admin."</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">I hereby request to inspect that cancelled check and to inspect all documentation supporting such expenditure of public funds.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Sincerely yours,</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Thomas Fox </div><br /><br /><br />--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/OAxaf_gjhK4" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/09/west-bechel-let-process-begin.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-89527155377563826072016-09-14T08:03:00.000-04:002016-09-14T09:38:22.707-04:00West Buechel - Brazen IllegalityOn Friday Rick Richards, Mayor of West Buechel, released a list of checks the City had issued during the month of August, 2016. One of these checks was in the amount $10,350, for "Legal&nbsp; Services - Admin," but the name of the payee was intentionally omitted ( "xxxxx" ).<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Zy-OG-JCzpA/V9k5nAvA6bI/AAAAAAAADJI/2G5RjRgVU-k-nCBkpJrhUBQHrW6FztCYwCLcB/s1600/Check-Detail-2016-08-08-800px-web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="494" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Zy-OG-JCzpA/V9k5nAvA6bI/AAAAAAAADJI/2G5RjRgVU-k-nCBkpJrhUBQHrW6FztCYwCLcB/s640/Check-Detail-2016-08-08-800px-web.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />In a breathtaking display of bluff, bluster and bravado last night, Mayor Richards and his two primary co-conspirators, City Clerk-Treasurer Kim Richards and Mayor Richards' long time personal attorney (who is also City Attorney), John Casey McCall, stonewalled the West Buechel City Council and refused to disclose to whom and for what purposes this $10,350 check was issued.<br /><br />Richards' plan of bamboozlement hinges upon an erroneous assertion that a city's settlement of legal claims against it can be kept secret, even from the City Council. Under Kentucky Open Records law, such use of public funds is not exempt from disclosure and will not remain hidden for long.<br /><br />Given the amount of the check, in excess of $10,000, if there is anything significantly crooked about the secret payment, it might easily be classified as a Class C Felony.<br /><br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /><br />--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/NN3y0fDpsYo" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/09/west-buechel-brazen-illegalitiy.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-191987476325703072016-09-09T08:27:00.003-04:002016-09-09T08:27:23.893-04:00West Buechel: State Suspends Road Aid PaymentsRe-posted from AccountableKY.org:Watchdog :<a href="http://accountableky.org/watchdog/2016/09/09/west-buechel-state-suspends-road-aid-payments/" target="_blank">West Buechel: State Suspends Road Aid Payments</a><br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">The Commonwealth of Kentucky has suspended making monthly Road Aid payment to the City of West Buechel due to the City’s failure to submit a Uniform Financial Information Report (UFIR) for FY 2014-2015. The last Road Aid payment was made in May, 2016.<br /><br /> The City cannot submit a UFIR for FY 2014-2015 until that year’s Financial Statements have been audited by an independent CPA as required by law. Our repeated requests to inspect the City’s Financial Statements for FY 2014-2015 have gone unanswered. The Financial Statement required by KRS 424.220 should have been finalized and published a year ago. An independent audit of the City’s Financial Statements cannot begin if the Financial Statements do not yet exist.<br /><br /> The State Road Aid allocated to West Buechel will continue to accumulate. Those funds, which are about $2,000 per month, will not be paid to West Buechel until the City gets its financial reporting in proper order and a UFIR is submitted.</blockquote><br /><br />--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/BuGA4tpoltM" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/09/west-buechel-state-suspends-road-aid.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-407838854100496502016-09-09T05:29:00.001-04:002016-09-09T05:30:14.023-04:00West Buechel Late Pay Update | WatchdogRe-posted from AccountableKY.org:Watchdog : <a href="http://accountableky.org/watchdog/2016/09/09/west-buechel-late-pay-update/" target="_blank">West Buechel Late Pay Update</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;-------------&nbsp;</div><br />We previously reported $5,000 in late fees imposed upon the City of West Buechel by Kentucky Retirement Systems because of Kimberly R. Richards' multiple failures to report or pay retirement contributions on time. See: <a href="http://accountableky.org/watchdog/2016/05/04/gross-negligence/" target="_blank">Gross Negligence</a>. Ms. Richards has been City Clerk-Treasurer for West Buechel since Richard W. Richards took office as Mayor in January, 2015. She continues in that position with an annual salary in excess of $60,000. By a recent Open Records request to Kentucky Retirement Systems, we have been advised that an additional $1,000 late penalty has been imposed.<br /><br /><div class="DV-container" id="DV-viewer-3100622-2016-05-KRS-PenaltyInvoice"></div><script src="//assets.documentcloud.org/viewer/loader.js"></script><script> DV.load("https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3100622-2016-05-KRS-PenaltyInvoice.js", { width: 600, height: 800, sidebar: false, text: false, container: "#DV-viewer-3100622-2016-05-KRS-PenaltyInvoice" }); </script><noscript><a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3100622/2016-05-KRS-PenaltyInvoice.pdf">2016-05-KRS-PenaltyInvoice (PDF)</a> <a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3100622/2016-05-KRS-PenaltyInvoice.txt">2016-05-KRS-PenaltyInvoice (Text)</a></noscript><br />The two required reports and the contribution payment for May, 2016, were six days late. The City has not paid any of the accumulated $6,000 in fines.<br /><br />&nbsp;--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/k58y5U2PHEQ" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/09/west-buechel-late-pay-update-watchdog.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-54809138831089596092016-09-07T09:51:00.001-04:002016-09-07T10:02:25.230-04:00West Buechel: Show me EVERYTHINGI'm beginning to believe that the City of West Buechel's banking records are "public records" within the meaning of Kentucky's Open Records Act, and that they are subject to inspection by the public upon reasonable request. It shouldn't be a big deal, but so it seems to be, nonetheless.<br /><br />When faced with the questions:<br /><ul><li>How much money has the City of West Buechel collected;</li><li>How much money has the City of West Buechel spent,;</li><li>and What was that money spend upon?</li></ul><br />You'd think the answers could be obtained without getting the Attorney General and the Jefferson Circuit Court involved.<br /><br />No so.<br /><br />Now that I have Kentucky's Attorney General and a Jefferson Circuit Court Judge in agreement, along with a lot of other lawyers, judges and legislators, that public bank records ARE public records subject to examination by the public, maybe these questions can now be answered.<br /><br />You see, the problem is that NOBODY KNOWS! Except, maybe West Buechel's City Clerk-Treasurer, but she's not telling. She not telling even though the City has paid her over $100,000 in eighteen months from January, 2015 through June, 2016. She not telling because she's the Mayor's ex-wife and not even the Mayor can tell her what to do if she doesn't want to.<br /><br />So, YAORR (Yet Another Open Records Request), as follows:<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">-----oOo-----</div><br />September 7, 2016<br /><br />To:<br /><br />Kimberly R. Richards, Clerk-Treasurer<br />City of West Buechel<br />3705 Bashford Avenue<br />West Buechel, Kentucky 40218<br /><br /><br />DELIVERED BY Fax to 502-456-6928<br />&amp; via emailed PDF attachment to <br />r.richards@westbuechelky.gov, <br />k.richards@westbuechelky.gov <br />&amp; brdlawfirm@gmail.com<br /><br /><br />Re: Open Records Request – City Bank Records <br /><br /><br />Dear Ms Richards:<br /><br /><br />Since I will be spending some of my time in West Buechel City Hall examining the previously specifically requested City banking records, I’d like to take the opportunity to also examine all of the City’s bank records from January 1, 2015 to the date of my examination, whenever that may be.<br /><br />That is my request, in general. Show me everything. But, to be specific, I now request to examine and scan, at my option, each monthly account statement, every check and each deposit slip for the following City bank accounts:<br /><br /><b>BB&amp;T deposit accounts</b><br /><br />• xxx-4321<br />• xxx-4356 Payroll<br />• xxx-4313 State Grant<br />• xxx-4119 Municipal Road Aid<br />• xxx-4518 Buechel Festival<br />• xxx-4828 General<br />• xxx-4437 Christmas Fund<br />• xxx-4836 West Buechel Grant<br />• xxx-2003 New General Fund Account (created 1-5-2015)<br /><br /><b>PNC deposit accounts</b><br /><br />xxx-1999 Explorer Post 790<br /><br /><b>Bank of New York Mellon (BNY Mellon)</b><br /><br />I do not know the account number for this, but it was created in 2012 as a conduit for loan proceeds from the $260,000 bond issued through the Kentucky Bond Corporation by the prior administration. This account had a balance of only a few thousand dollars when Richard Richards took office in January, 2015.<br /><br />Clearly, my examination of these bank records cannot be accomplished in just a few hours, or even in only one day. Find me an out of the way corner in City Hall to do my work and this process will not interfere with normal City business. These are not the type of files that are frequently in “active use,” except possibly when the City’s independent auditors may, someday, be at work.<br /><br /><br />Sincerely yours,<br /><br /><br />Thomas Fox <br /><br /><br />--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/omOx9aMUTfE" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/09/west-buechel-show-me-everything_7.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-81503093701853789472016-09-01T23:58:00.000-04:002016-09-01T23:58:01.327-04:00Fox wins Open Records suit against West BuechelBy an order dated August 29, 2016, Jefferson County, Kentucky, Circuit Court Judge Ann Bailey Smith granted the motion of Thomas Fox for Partial Summary Judgment in an Open Records Act lawsuit he had filed in November, 2015 against the City of West Buechel, Kentucky. This Judgment ordered City officials to allow Fox to inspect certain specified banking records and other documents. <br /><div style="display: block; font-family: &quot;helvetica&quot; , &quot;arial&quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 12px auto 6px auto;"><a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/322793754/Summary-Judgment-Order-Open-Records#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Summary Judgment Order - Open Records on Scribd">Summary Judgment Order - Open Records</a></div><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="undefined" data-auto-height="false" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_21578" scrolling="no" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/322793754/content?start_page=1&amp;view_mode=scroll&amp;show_recommendations=true" width="100%"></iframe> --------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/UEaRyxf6bnQ" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/09/fox-wins-open-records-suit-against-west.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-124327884325259072016-07-30T12:14:00.001-04:002016-07-30T12:50:34.937-04:00Exception to the terminable-at-will doctrine<blockquote class="tr_bq"><br />The limitations to the wrongful discharge exception to the terminable-at-will doctrine are carefully set out in <i>Firestone.</i> We state: "[e]mployers as a group have a legitimate interest to protect" which requires that "the cause of action for wrongful discharge [be] clearly defined and suitably controlled." <i>Id.</i> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">We embraced <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=500007085278308172&amp;q=civil+forfeiture&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=4,18"><i>Brockmeyer v. Dun &amp; Bradstreet,</i> 113 Wis.2d 561, 335 N.W.2d 834 (1983),</a> to establish the limitations on "any judicial exceptions to the employment-at-will doctrine." <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=500007085278308172&amp;q=civil+forfeiture&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=4,18">335 N.W.2d at 835</a>. They are: </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">1) The discharge must be contrary to a fundamental and well-defined public policy as evidenced by existing law.<br />2) That policy must be evidenced by a constitutional or statutory provision.<br />3) The decision of whether the public policy asserted meets these criteria is a question of law for the court to decide, not a question of fact.<br /><br />* * *<br /><br />&nbsp;We adopt, as an appropriate caveat to our decision in <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1178356812806087778&amp;q=civil+forfeiture&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=4,18"><i>Firestone Textile Co. Div. v. Meadows, supra</i></a><i>,</i> the position of the Michigan Supreme Court in <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1035011091952723157&amp;q=civil+forfeiture&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=4,18"><i>Suchodolski v. Michigan Consolidated Gas Co.,</i> 412 Mich. 692, 316 N.W.2d 710 (1982)</a>. The Michigan court held that only two situations exist where "grounds for discharging an employee are so contrary to public policy as to be actionable" absent "explicit legislative statements prohibiting the discharge." <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1035011091952723157&amp;q=civil+forfeiture&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=4,18">316 N.W.2d at 711</a>. First, "where the alleged reason for the discharge of the employee was the failure or refusal to violate a law in the course of employment." Second, "when the reason for a discharge was the employee's exercise of a right conferred by well-established legislative enactment." <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1035011091952723157&amp;q=civil+forfeiture&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=4,18">316 N.W.2d at 711-12</a>. Here the concept of an employment-related nexus is critical to the creation of a "clearly defined" and "suitably controlled" cause of action for wrongful discharge. These are the limitations imposed by <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1178356812806087778&amp;q=civil+forfeiture&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=4,18"><i>Firestone Textile Co. Div. v. Meadows, supra</i> at 733</a>.</blockquote><br /><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17944664595924146319" target="_blank">Grzyb v. Evans</a>, 700 SW 2d 399 (Ky 1985)<br /><br />See also:<br /><br /><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=355023075677871633" target="_blank">Foster V. Jennie Stuart Medical Center</a>, 435 SW 3d 629 (Ky App 2013)<br /><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=9039358261955532866" target="_blank">Pierce v. Bennett</a>, 835 F. Supp. 2d 288 (WD Ky 2011) <br />--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/nNkwuw3jqHY" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/07/exception-to-terminable-at-will-doctrine.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-73103399246775732492016-07-29T19:44:00.004-04:002016-07-29T21:20:25.611-04:00Notes: KRS 514.070 Theft by failure to make required disposition of property.&nbsp;KRS 514.070(1) A person is guilty of theft by failure to make required disposition of property received when:<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">(a) He obtains property upon agreement or subject to a known legal obligation to make specified payment or other disposition whether from such property or its proceeds or from his own property to be reserved in equivalent amount; and<br />(b) He intentionally deals with the property as his own and fails to make the required payment or disposition.</blockquote><div style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;----------- oOo ----------&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=13948675659396599842" target="_blank">&nbsp;Blanton v. Commonwealth</a> 562 SW 2d 90 (Ky App, 1978) - New Trial <br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">" . . . . the failure to pay claims for labor and material out of amounts received from the owner constitutes a misdemeanor under <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">KRS</span></span><b> </b>376.990(2) only if the contractor fails to pay sums which he <i>knows</i> to be due and owing. No criminal liability may be imposed for failure to pay an amount which is disputed in good faith by the contractor. Moreover, to commit the felony of theft by failure to make required disposition of property under <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">KRS </span><span style="color: black;">514.070</span>,</span> a contractor must not only <i>know</i> that an amount is due and owing for labor and material, but he must also <i>know</i> that he has a legal obligation to make payment out of the proceeds received from the owner and must <i>intentionally</i> deal with proceeds as his own."</blockquote><div style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;----------- oOo ----------&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=14045353583369612917" target="_blank">Commonwealth v. Jeter</a> 590 SW 2d 346 (Ky App, 1979)<br /><br />[<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">"K.R.S. </span><span style="color: black;">514.070</span></span><b> </b>does not proscribe the type of transaction whereby a seller accepts money for the purchase of merchandise and then refuses to deliver the property as promised."]<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">"The basic thrust of this statute [KRS 514.070] is to impose penal sanctions for such conduct as a retailer's failure to pay over to the state sales taxes which have been collected, a contractor's failure to make proper application of payments in satisfaction of materialmans' liens, an employer's failure to apply withheld employee's wages to a pension fund, or a bank employee's failure to properly credit funds deposited for the account of a customer. Brickey, <i>Kentucky Criminal Law,</i> § 14.08."</blockquote><div style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;----------- oOo ----------&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=9561609212406236027" target="_blank">Commonwealth v. Perry</a>, 219 S.W.3d at 720 (Ky 2007)<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">"The sole issue in this certification of the law sought by the <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">Commonwealth</span></span> is whether the offense of Theft by Failure to Make Required Disposition of Property (KRS 514.070) covers a situation in which the victim gives money to the defendant with the agreement that the defendant will purchase merchandise from a third party source and give it to the victim, and then the defendant fails to purchase the item or return the money. We hold that it does."</blockquote><div style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;----------- oOo ----------&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=3629383845039616153" target="_blank">Taylor v. Commonwealth</a>, 799 SW 2d 818 (Ky 1990) - Conviction affirmed<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">&nbsp;In the context here presented, the only substantial difference between the elements of <span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="color: black;">KRS</span> </b></span>304.9-400 and those of <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">KRS </span><span style="color: black;">514.070</span> </span>is that conviction under the insurance code would lie if the agent converts the funds to his own use <u><i>or</i> </u>illegally withholds them, whereas conviction under the penal code would properly ensue if he intentionally deals with the proceeds as his own <u><i>and</i></u> fails to make the required disposition. Taylor could be acquitted of theft and convicted of the lesser offense only if he had withheld the premiums <i>but had not</i> intentionally dealt with them as his own. Appellant's avowal of an intention and ability to pay, termed a denial of criminal intent, does not, even if believed, exculpate him under <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">KRS </span><span style="color: black;">514.070</span></span>. </blockquote><div style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;----------- oOo ----------&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=15539528711736064552" target="_blank">Butts v. Commonwealth</a>, 581 SW 2d 565 (Ky 1979) - agent of a corporation is liable for crimes he commits for the benefit of corporation<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Butts contends that his motions for directed verdicts of acquittal on these charges should have been granted because there was no evidence that he dealt with customers' property, which Sentry held under an obligation to repay, as his own. Rather, he maintains that he obtained the property as Sentry's agent and that he disposed of the property for the benefit of Sentry and not himself. We do not agree with this contention.<br /><br />An agent of a corporation is liable for crimes he commits for the benefit of or in the name of a corporation "to the same extent as if the conduct were performed in his own name or <i>behalf.</i>" <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">KRS</span></span> 502.060 (Emphasis added). The purpose of this section of the Penal Code is to prevent an individual from hiding behind a corporation to avoid criminal liability for his conduct. <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">KRS</span> </span>502.060 Commentary (1971). The evidence is uncontradicted that Sentry intentionally dealt with customers' property as its own. Butts was the agent of Sentry who executed these illegal conversions. By operation of statute Butts is responsible for converting the property.</blockquote>--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/vKNBi2x4sU0" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/07/notes-krs-514070-theft-by-failure-to.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-36231118733218311922016-07-29T19:12:00.001-04:002016-07-29T19:12:39.238-04:00Notes: CR 36.01 and 37.03 - Rumpel v. Rumpel 438 SW 3d 354, (Ky 2014)<blockquote class="tr_bq">&nbsp;The trial court found that Kaven violated CR 36.01. That rule permits one party to request another party to admit "the truth of any matters within the scope of Rule 26.02 [the rule defining what is discoverable]." Under the rule, the party receiving the request must, in a timely manner, either admit the matter asserted, deny it, or object to the request. The purpose of the rule is to streamline the litigation by eliminating from controversy factual matters that will not be disputed at trial. Thompson v. King Feed &amp; Nutrition Service, Inc., 153 Wash.2d 447, 105 P.3d 378, 390 (2005) (discussing Washington's virtually identical rule); Dobos v. Ingersoll, 9 P.3d 1020, 1028 (Alaska 2000) (discussing Alaska's version of the rule).<br /><br />Under CR 37.03, an improper failure to admit the matter asserted, if the requesting party thereafter proves the truth of it, authorizes the trial court, upon the requesting party's application, to order "the other party to pay him [the requesting party] the reasonable expenses incurred in making that proof, including reasonable attorney's fee."[2] CR 37.03 thus provides an exception to the American Rule against the shifting of fees. Because CR 36 and CR 37.03 apply to civil proceedings generally, the fee shifting they allow is potentially of far-reaching effect. Indeed, if under those rules a party could obtain a fee award merely by requesting prior to trial that a disputed fact be admitted and then, if the fact were denied, prevailing on the dispute at trial, prevailing parties would be routinely entitled to fee awards, and our approach to fee shifting would be turned on its head. Cf. Piney Meeting House Investments, Inc. v. Hart, 284 Va. 187, 726 S.E.2d 319 (2012) (disallowing under Virginia's version of CR 37 a request intended merely to subvert the American Rule).<br /><br />That clearly is not the intent of the rules allowing for fee sanctions. See Bell, 423 S.W.3d at 742 (noting that rules allowing for fees as a sanction must be narrowly construed precisely to prevent this sort of subversion of the American Rule). On the contrary, CR 37.03 provides that, even if the requesting party proves the truth of a matter concerning which an admission was requested and denied, a fee sanction is not appropriate if<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a) the request was held objectionable pursuant to Rule 36.01, or<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b) the admission sought was of no substantial importance, or<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (c) the party failing to admit had reasonable ground to believe that he might prevail on the matter, or<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d) there was other good reason for the failure to admit.<br /><br />CR 37.03.<br /><br />The rule does not require, in other words, that a party admit a genuinely disputed fact or risk having to pay fees should the fact-finder ultimately decide the dispute against him. Prevailing at trial, although necessary to invoke the rule, is not the sole issue. The main issue under the rule, rather, is whether the party denying a request for admission acted reasonably in believing that he might prevail, or had some other legitimate reason for making the denial. We review a trial court's grant or denial of discovery sanctions, including fee awards, for abuse of discretion, Turner v. Andrew, 413 S.W.3d 272 (Ky.2013), and we agree with Kaven that the trial court abused its discretion here by failing to consider whether Kaven's denials of Kathie's requests for admission were justified.</blockquote><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17312162908467844357" target="_blank">&nbsp;Rumpel v. Rumpel </a>438 SW 3d 354, (Ky 2014)<br />--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/WZhtUhRY2bc" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/07/notes-cr-3601-and-3703-rumpel-v-rumpel.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-67845491277964101572016-07-29T05:46:00.001-04:002016-07-29T05:46:53.456-04:00West Buechel: Bad joke bookkeepingFor a few months during the Spring of 2015, West Buechel's Clerk-Treasurer distributed generated "check registers," showing City checks, amounts and to whom paid, and she also distributed copies of the City's General Fund II bank account statements. If you know that check numbers and amounts are listed on the bank's monthly account statements, it is only natural to wonder, "How do the bank's numbers compare to Kim Richards' numbers?"<br /><br />Not good. Officially, First Degree <span class="st">Meshuggeneh.</span><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 258px;"><colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 2779; mso-width-source: userset; width: 57pt;" width="76"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 3108; mso-width-source: userset; width: 64pt;" width="85"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 950; mso-width-source: userset; width: 20pt;" width="26"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 2596; mso-width-source: userset; width: 53pt;" width="71"></col> </colgroup><tbody><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 57pt;" width="76"><br /></td> <td class="xl27" style="width: 64pt;" width="85">Bank</td> <td class="xl28" style="width: 20pt;" width="26"><br /></td> <td class="xl28" style="width: 53pt;" width="71">Check</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">Check No.</td> <td class="xl27">Statement</td> <td class="xl28"><br /></td> <td class="xl28">Register</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"><br /></td> <td class="xl24"><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td class="xl24"><br /></td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl29" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2002</td> <td align="right" class="xl26">$826.45</td> <td class="xl25"><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl26">$266.32</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2003</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$607.58</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$95.00</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2004</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$1,416.03</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$17.72</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2005</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$81.78</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$18.00</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2006</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$1,306.53</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$23.32</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2007</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$1,375.57</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$220.32</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2008</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$44.28</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$148.47</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2009</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$66.34</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$40.00</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2010</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$68.99</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$45.36</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2011</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$5,295.20</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$675.40</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2012</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$520.69</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$30.00</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2013</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$183.28</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$80.56</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2014</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$24.20</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$313.39</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2015</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$313.39</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$24.20</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2016</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$80.56</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$183.28</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2017</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$30.00</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$520.69</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2018</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$675.40</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$5,295.20</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2019</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$45.36</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$68.99</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2020</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$40.00</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$66.34</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2021</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$148.47</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$44.28</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2022</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$220.32</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$1,375.57</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2023</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$23.32</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$1,306.53</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2024</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$18.00</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$81.78</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2025</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$17.72</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$1,416.03</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2026</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$95.00</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$607.58</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2027</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$266.32</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$826.45</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2028</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$26.00</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$10.00</td> </tr><tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"> <td class="xl30" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">2029</td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$10.00</td> <td><br /></td> <td align="right" class="xl24">$26.00</td> </tr></tbody></table><br />--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/20PHZHPWg5s" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/07/west-buechel-bad-joke-bookkeeping.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-42999712961430787532016-07-29T05:07:00.001-04:002016-08-16T07:27:30.550-04:00Stalking the wild KRS 424.220 Financial Statement&nbsp;There is always a gap between the written law and the law that is actually put into play in practical day-to-day life. It helps to have actual examples. The more the better.<br /><br />This is a start. What I lack by being slow, I try to make up for by being relentless. The following are recently completed KRS 424.220 Financial Statements from Meade County, Kentucky, for FY 2015-2016. Since FY 2015-16 just ended on June 30th, I mean recent when I say recent. The Meade County Treasurer, Tammy Weick, is clearly on top of her job.<br /><br />This document is divided into five parts<br /><ol><li>Statement of Assets&nbsp;</li><li>Statement of Receipts</li><li>Statement of Revenues</li><li>Statement of Appropriations</li><li>Statement of Claims </li></ol><div style="display: block; font-family: &quot;helvetica&quot; , &quot;arial&quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 12px auto 6px auto;"><a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/319615645/Meade-County-KY-FY-2015-16-KRS-424-220-Financial-Statements#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Meade County, KY FY 2015-16 KRS 424.220 Financial Statements on Scribd">Meade County, KY FY 2015-16 KRS 424.220 Financial Statements</a> by <a href="https://www.scribd.com/user/254558311/Southern-Specialty-Law-Publishing#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Southern Specialty Law Publishing's profile on Scribd">Southern Specialty Law Publishing</a> on Scribd</div><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.7700854700854701" data-auto-height="false" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_60662" scrolling="no" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/319615645/content?start_page=1&amp;view_mode=scroll&amp;access_key=key-B9JtGdsIqHpLvZN0Am9U&amp;show_recommendations=true&amp;show_upsell=true" width="100%"></iframe> --------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/mRq66nafTfo" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/07/stakling-wild-krs-424220-financial.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-29111225186363997952016-07-28T17:59:00.001-04:002016-07-29T03:28:40.475-04:00Tort of fraudulent misrepresentation<br /><b>Reposted from DelCotto Law Group:</b> <a href="http://dlgfirm.com/kentucky-law-elements-of-fraud-claims/" target="_blank">Kentucky Law: Elements of Fraud Claims</a> By: <a href="http://dlgfirm.com/professionals/jamie-l-harris/" target="_blank">Jamie L. Harris, Esq.</a> <br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">"Kentucky law . . .&nbsp; recognizes the tort of fraudulent misrepresentation. In Kentucky, fraud by misrepresentation comprises six elements:<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">(1) the defendant must have made a material misrepresentation;<br />(2) that was false;<br />(3) that the defendant knew was false, or made with reckless disregard for its truth;<br />(4) that was intended to induce the plaintiff to act, based on the misrepresentation;<br />(5) that the plaintiff reasonably relied; and<br />(6) that caused the plaintiff injury.</blockquote><u>Flegles, Inc. v. TruServ Corp.</u>, 289 S.W.3d 544, 549 (Ky. 2009). To be actionable, a misrepresentation. . . must relate to a past or present material fact. A mere statement of opinion or prediction may not be the basis of an action. This means . . . that forward-looking opinions about investment prospects or future sales performance . . . generally cannot be the basis for a fraud claim.” Ibid. Nor does “sales talk or puffing which is universal and an expected practice . . . amount to actionable misrepresentation. This is certainly true where the parties deal at arm’s length and have equal means of information.” <u>McHargue v. Fayette Coal &amp; Feed Co.</u>,283 S.W.2d 170, 172 (Ky. 1955) (internal quotation marks omitted). A caveat to the necessary elements under either a fraud by omission claim or a fraudulent misrepresentation claim is that “mere silence does not constitute fraud where it relates to facts open to common observation or discoverable by the exercise of ordinary diligence, or where means of information are as accessible to one party as to the other.” <u>Bryant v. Troutman</u>, 287 S.W.2d 918, 920–921 (Ky.1956).</blockquote><div style="text-align: center;">-oOo-</div><br /><a href="http://dlgfirm.com/professionals/jamie-l-harris/" target="_blank"></a> <br />--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/FjF09EdSUqg" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/07/tort-of-fraudulent-misrepresentation.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5047455687090591581.post-85803321438735478652016-07-28T07:58:00.000-04:002016-07-28T07:59:43.263-04:00Administrative dissolution&nbsp;In Kentucky, business entities are required by law to formally dissolve.&nbsp;In order to properly close, a domestic entity must file articles of dissolution. The Secretary of State's filing fee for articles of dissolution is $40.00.<br /><br />In the alternative, failure to file the required annual report ($15 filing fee) will automatically result, through the mere passage of time, in an administrative dissolution. Net out of pocket savings of $55 and no need to draft articles of anything..<br /><br />Hmmmm . . . . which way to go?<br />--------------------<br /><br />Tom Fox, J. D.<br />Southern Specialty Law Publishing Company<br />Louisville, Kentucky<br /><br />A division of Accountable Kentucky Incorporated<br />a Kentucky Non-profit corporation<br /><a href="http://accountableky.org/">AccountableKY.org</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">----------- oOo ----------</div><br /><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/law-help-20">Self-help Law Books on Amazon</a><br /><a href="http://law-fox.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default">Subscribe to RSS Post feed</a> <br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">This is not legal advice and I am not a lawyer.</div><div class="feedflare">
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</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/LawFox/~4/NC2oI_MsFvQ" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Tom Foxhttps://plus.google.com/107334930111277138659noreply@blogger.com0http://law-fox.blogspot.com/2016/07/administrative-dissolution.html