Abstract: The exploration on the relationship between fiscal decentralization and macroeconomic security has been no results about the advantages of monetary decentralization. The present paper is investigated the impact of Financial decentralization on macroeconomic strength by using the misery indicator at the country level of Pakistan . This study used secondary data covering the period of 1974 to 2013 . Ordinary least square technique is used to estimate the impact of fiscal decentralization on macroeconomic stability . This study used the variables like GDP , Unemployment rate , Investment , Adjusted provincial revenue , Adjusted provincial expenditure .Macroeconomic stability is the dependent variable . This study shows that the importance and positive impact of financial decentralization on macroeconomic stability .

How to Organize a Communal Banking Set-upDr. Amos Avny [01-10] [PDF]Empirical Investigation of the Factors Affecting Firm’s Performance: a Study Based on Food Sector of PakistanZahid Bashir, Ali Abbas & Muhammad Nadeem Akram [11-23][PDF]A Comparative Analysis between Asset Based and Asset Backed Sukuk: Which One is More Shariah Compliant?Sutan Emir Hidayat, PhD [24-31][PDF]Analysis of the Difference between before and after the Issuance of Sovereign Ṣukūk to the Financial of State and Well-Being of Society in Bahrain, Malaysia, and IndonesiaKhairunnisa Musari [32-46] [PDF]

Title: The Influence of Leadership Competencies on Sustainable Funding of Non- Governmental Organizations: A Review of Literature.

Abstract: In every organisation, success in one way or the other is attributed to competent leadership.Unlike government or for-profit sectors, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) have to mobilize resources and manage organisations that sustainably provide for the needs of communities that do not pay back like business entities do. The mantle to drive the NGO mission and manage organisational challenges especially funding, creates distinct management challenges for NGOs and hence the need for appropriate leadership to face these challenges. This paper reviews the existing literature on the influence of leadership competencies on sustainable funding of NGOs. The review has established that most of the NGOs in Africa arehighly donor dependent to the effect that the character and role of the majority of NGOs is influenced by the availability of funds and interests of funders/donors. Notably, the review also reveals that funding from external donors is increasingly becoming unreliable and volatile. The review further established thatthe NGO leader is pivotal to the survival of the NGO since s/he is at the centre of NGO mission and overall strategic leadership.The typical competencies commonly associated with NGO leaders as the ability of a leader missioning and visioning, fundraising, staff empowerment and responsiveness to changing environment.However, most of the leadership traits studies conducted have focused on public and private organisations and least on the NGOs. This paper provides a theoretical review on the influence of leadership competencies and sustainable funding of NGOs, gaps in the literature, lessons learned andconclusions.

Title: The Influence of Leadership Competencies on Sustainable Funding of Local Non-Governmental Organizations in Uganda: Empirical Study

Abstract: Introduction: It has been observed that when an individual with a vision launches a Local Non-Governmental Organizations (LNGO or NGO), the organization’s motivation and decision-making often become intimately intertwined with the leader’s personality and character to the effect that the NGO may collapse when the NGO leader departs. Despite a high percentage of inactivity and mortality of LNGOs in Uganda, there has been no specific research conducted to establish the level of influence of competencies of NGO leaders on sustainable funding of the LNGOs. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the competencies of LNGO leaders and the extent to which these competencies influence sustainable funding of these LNGOs in Uganda. Methods: This study utilized a descriptive correlation design. A proportionate stratified sample of 103 NGOs was obtained and their leaders were interviewed using self-administered questionnaires. Records reviews were also conducted to obtain data on financial sustainability.Results: Overall, there was a very strong agreement by participants on possession of various leadership competencies among NGO leaders in Uganda. Thus, we found a 90.1% to 100% agreement by participants on the various NGO leadership competencies. There was also a marked rise in incomes from all sources between 2010 and 2014. In this study, the average total income from all sources was found to be $104903.39, of which 67%, 13.5%, and 19.5% were from external donors, local donors, and own income respectively. The average donor-dependence ratio and survival ratio over the 5 year period were 80.54% and 71.216 days respectively. The NGO leader/CEO understanding and working with whatever resources that is available (β=-9.802, P=.002) and spearheading the implementation of major investment decisions (β=15.720, P=.004) were the only competencies found to be statistically significant predictors of NGO financial sustainability measures (donor dependence ratio and survival ratio respectively). Recommendations: There is need for capacity building of NGO leaders in competencies that promote sustainable funding of LNGOs especially in effective and efficient resource utilization and investment. LNGOs should also prioritize investments in Income Generating Activities (IGAs) as core sources of funding. Lastly, there is need for governments’ deliberate policies to collaborate with LNGOs by allocating adequate budget and resources for implementation of NGO agenda that is in line national development priorities.

​The Influence Of Double Loop Problem Solving Learning Models to Senior High School Learners Spatial Thinking AbilityAbstract: The purpose of this research is to know the influence of the using Double Loop Problem Solving (DLPS) learning models to Spatial thinking ability.This research is an experimental design. Data collected in this research consisted of interviews, field observations, and written test. Experimental research involves two classes of senior high school as a research subject, namely Social Class XI 5 as experimental class and Social Class XI 4 as control class. The results of this research showed the presence of gain score in experimental class and control class. Experiment class gain score is 15.8 while control class gain score is 9.5. There is a difference gain score between both of classes. Experimental class showed higher average of gain score. It can be noted that the use of models learning DLPS in learners give significant effects against the spatial thinking ability.

Abstract: Purpose: The current paper focuses to study the gender differences in environmental concern, environmental attitude, perceived environmental responsibility, perceived seriousness of environmental problems, peer influence, self identity in environmental protection and the green purchase behavior in Pakistani youth. Methodology: Here a total of 175 (141 males & 34 females) were studied through questionnaires by convenience sampling. Findings: In this study the researchers found that the females are more conscious about green purchase behavior having mean of 3.2927 greater than that of males 3.2034 in the table 4-2-2. Managerial Implications: This research should provide a good way of information for the Pakistani youth to promote green purchase behavior among themselves. Marketers/mangers should focus on youth to increase G.P.B as the youth is more conscious to emotional appeals than any other age group. Originality Value: This research paper provides important guidelines to the managers to reinforce the green among the consumers.

Title: The Historical Studies on Shrines and Places of Worship in Khorezm Oasis

Abstract: The article is devoted; study the history of a place of pilgrimage of the Khorezm oasis in scientific works, scientists with the 30-80 уears XX century. The article examines chronologically the works of ethnographers and archaeologists of the Soviet period.

Dissertatia Title:​APPRAISAL OF FEMALE STUDENTS’ LEARNING IN ISLAMIYAT AT GRADE 8THAuthor: Saira Ambreen AslamDepartment: Department of Education​University: The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Open