Many Australians take Mother Nature in their stride, but visitors to the vast island country marvel at its range of dangerous wildlife, from gargantuan saltwater crocodiles to the deadly Sydney Funnel Web Spider.

Brown snakes are common in eastern Australia, and can be as much as two metres (six feet) long when fully grown, according to the website of the Australian Museum.

Their bite, which delivers a potent mix of neurotoxins and coagulants, can be fatal to humans.

Spiders are known for nabbing insects, but many species frequently go fishing too, and researchers have the photos to prove it.
A new study in the journal PLoS ONE documents fish-eating spiders all over the world. Most are semi-aquatic species that usually dwell at the fringes of shallow freshwater streams, ponds or swamps, keeping an eye out for a fish dinner.
The spider

Dolomedes tenebrosus

was photographed devouring a creek chub on the banks of Bullskin Creek near Brutus, Kentucky, according to lead author Martin Nyffeler, a zoologist and spider expert from the University of Basel. He told Discovery News that this spider is less than an inch long and is often found in the U.S. south.

This fish-eating spider is huge. Its leg span alone is close to 7 inches. The spider lives near freshwater streams and rivers in Central and South America, but visitors likely won't see it during the day. "Adults are strictly nocturnal," Nyffeler explained.
In addition to fish, Trechalea sp. eats a diverse array of other critters, including insects, shrimp and frogs.

Many fish-eating spiders such as this are capable of swimming, diving and walking on the water surface. They have powerful neurotoxins and enzymes that enable them to kill and digest fish, which often exceed them in size and weight.
"The finding of such a large diversity of spiders engaging in fish predation is novel," Nyffeler said. "Our evidence suggests that fish might be an occasional prey item of substantial nutritional importance."

. It's abundant in Oz, according to Nyffeler. He added that the spider is "known for its habit of occasionally catching goldfish and platies (another type of fish) in garden ponds in suburban Australia."

was photographed preying on fish near Samona Lodge in the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve of Ecuador. It is another nocturnal spider that hunts at the edge of bodies of water when the sun goes down. Nyffeler said that the spider can dive and remain underwater for up to 20 minutes. In addition to hunting fish, it seeks out tadpoles, frogs, toads and lizards for supper.

The photographer in this case snapped the spider as it ate fish on the bank of the Rio Maicuru in Pará State, Brazil. Nyffeler and colleague Bradley Pusey from the University of Western Australia suspect that the spider is a juvenile, since it was out hunting in the daylight even though the species is known to be nocturnal. This fish-eating spider also hunts insects, shrimp and frogs.

A fisherman was surprised to find this spider. He had just mis-cast his fishing line, with the bait landing just off the edge of a dock near Sebago Lake, Me. That's when the spider, according to Nyffeler, "scuttled out very quickly from underneath the dock attempting to attack the live bait fish."
He continued, "Such incidences might be considered as predation attempts since the spider is grabbing a living fish with the intention to kill and devour it. The fact that fish are attacked even outside the water shows the high propensity for such spiders to feed on fish."

Based on the new study, naturally occurring fish predation by spiders has been reported from all continents with the exception of Antarctica. This spider was snapped near Samona Lodge, Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve in Ecuador.
In order to catch prey, this and other fish-eating spiders will typically anchor their hind legs to a stone or a plant, with their front legs resting on the surface of the water, ready to ambush. The fish will then be dragged to a dry place before the feeding process can begin. The spider will usually chow down for several hours on its fish feast.

individual caught the fish on the edge of a small, slow-moving stream near Fayetteville, NC. The species is one of the most abundant North American fishing spiders with a strong affinity to water. It is common in the wetlands of Florida and neighboring states.
The Florida wetlands are ground zero for fishing spiders, which seem to love the habitat there. Arachnid fans hoping to spot and photograph such spiders would do well to look for them at this location.