Abstract:

A bearing includes a first member having a passageway configured to engage
a shaft, the first member having a metallic material; and a second member
disposed around at least a portion of the first member, the second member
having a metallic material and at least one radially and inwardly bent
portion capable of restricting axial movement of the first member. The
first and second members are movable relative to each other.

Claims:

1. A bearing, comprising:an inner ring having a passageway configured to
engage a shaft, the inner ring having an inner surface and an outer
surface;an outer ring disposed around at least a portion of the inner
ring, the outer ring having an inner surface and an outer surface, the
outer ring comprising a polymer and forming a bearing surface at an
interface with the inner ring wherein the inner surface of the outer ring
has a radius that is greater at the midline of the outer ring than at the
lateral edges of the outer ring; anda hollow cylindrical ring surrounding
and fixed to the outer ring wherein the inner ring is rotatable in
relation to the hollow cylindrical ring.

2. The bearing of claim 1 comprising a substantially flat portion on
lateral edges of the inner surface of the inner ring wherein the flat
portion is parallel to the axis of rotation of the bearing and is
constructed and arranged to receive and contact a cylindrical shaft.

3. The bearing of claim 1 wherein the cross-sectional profile of at least
a portion of the inner surface of the outer ring is V-shaped.

4. The bearing of claim 1 wherein the cross-sectional profile of at least
a portion of the inner surface of the outer ring is U-shaped.

5. The bearing of claim 1 wherein the inner surface of the inner ring
forms a substantially toroidal cavity with a cylindrical shaft when the
cylindrical shaft is engaged with the bearing.

15. The bearing of claim 14 wherein the elastomeric coating is on the
outer surface of the hollow cylindrical ring.

16. A bearing, comprising:a first member having a passageway configured to
engage a shaft, the first member comprising a metallic material; anda
second member disposed around at least a portion of the first member, the
second member comprising a polymer and at least one radially and inwardly
bent portion capable of restricting axial movement of the first
member,wherein the first and second members are movable relative to each
other.

17-35. (canceled)

36. A bearing, comprising:a first member having a passageway configured to
engage a shaft, the first member consisting essentially of a metallic
material;a second member disposed around at least a portion of the first
member, the second member comprising a polymer and at least one radially
and inwardly bent portion capable of restricting axial movement of the
first member, wherein the first and second members are movable relative
to each other; anda third member disposed around at least a portion of
the second member, the third member comprising a metallic material and at
least one radially and inwardly bent portion capable of restricting axial
movement of the first member.

37. The bearing of claim 36, wherein the second member comprises a first
layer comprising the metallic material, and a second layer comprising a
polymer.

38. The bearing of claim 36, further comprising a lubricant between the
first and second members.

39. The bearing of claim 36 further comprising a fourth member
circumferentially surrounding at least a portion of the third member.

[0003]Bearings can provide convenient means for rotatably, pivotably or
slidably fastening multiple members to one another in a low maintenance
manner. Applications for bearings include those that have continuous
rotational movement, such as journals for supporting a driven shaft.
Bearings can also be used for applications that have repeated pivotal
movement, such as automotive door hinges, door checks, brake and
accelerator pedals. Additional applications include those that have
repeated reciprocal movement, such as automotive shock absorbers and
struts. Bearings can also be used in lighter duty applications, such as
multiple bar linkages used in the automotive industry for trunk deck lid
and hood hinges. Low maintenance bearings can include a variety of
configurations, such as, for example, bushes or journal bearings, thrust
bearings or washers, locating pads, valve port plates, and wearing
components for a variety of mechanisms. An example of a low maintenance a
sliding bearing includes a metal support and a plastic layer.

SUMMARY

[0004]In one aspect, the invention features bearings, related methods, and
systems including the bearings. The bearings can be used in a variety of
high speed applications including high speed motors. The bearings may
provide reduced motor vibrations, which can result in quieter motor
operation and increased motor life.

[0005]In one aspect, the invention features a bearing comprising an inner
ring having a passageway configured to engage a shaft, the inner ring
having an inner surface and an outer surface, an outer ring disposed
around at least a portion of the inner ring, the outer ring having an
inner surface and an outer surface, the outer ring comprising a polymer
and forming a bearing surface at an interface with the inner ring wherein
the inner surface of the outer ring has a radius that is greater at the
midline of the outer ring than at the lateral edges of the outer ring;
and a hollow cylindrical ring surrounding and fixed to the outer ring
wherein the inner ring is rotatable in relation to the hollow cylindrical
ring.

[0006]In another aspect, the invention features a bearing, including a
first member having a passageway configured to engage a shaft, the first
member including a metallic material; and a second member disposed around
at least a portion of the first member, the second member including a
polymer and at least one radially and inwardly bent portion capable of
restricting axial movement of the first member. The first and second
members are movable relative to each other.

[0007]Embodiments may include one or more of the following features. The
first member consists essentially of a metallic material. The bearing
further includes a lubricant between the first member and the second
member. At least one of the first member or the second member includes a
cavity containing the lubricant. The second member further includes a
polymer. The first member includes a groove extending along a
circumferential portion of the first member, and the second member
includes a feature configured to engage with the groove and prevent axial
movement of the first and second members relative to each other. The
bearing further includes a third member disposed around at least a
portion of the second member, the third member including a metallic
material. The third member includes at least one radially and inwardly
bent portion capable of restricting axial movement of the first member.

[0008]In another aspect, the invention features a bearing including a
first member having a passageway configured to engage a shaft, the first
member consisting essentially of a metallic material; a second member
disposed around at least a portion of the first member, the second member
comprising a polymer and at least one radially and inwardly bent portion
capable of restricting axial movement of the first member, wherein the
first and second members are movable relative to each other; and a third
member disposed around at least a portion of the second member, the third
member including a metallic material and at least one radially and
inwardly bent portion capable of restricting axial movement of the first
member.

[0009]Embodiments may include one or more of the following features. The
second member includes a first layer including the metallic material, and
a second layer including a polymer. The bearing further includes a
lubricant between the first and second members.

[0010]In another aspect, the invention features a method including
engaging the passageway of a bearing described herein with a shaft of a
motor, and moving the shaft, wherein a first member of the bearing moves
with the shaft and relative to a second member of the bearing.

[0011]In another aspect, the invention features a system, including a
movable shaft; and a bearing including a first member having a passageway
configured to engage a shaft, the first member including a metallic
material; and a second member disposed around at least a portion of the
first member, the second member including a polymer and at least one
radially and inwardly bent portion capable of restricting axial movement
of the first member. The first and second members are movable relative to
each other.

[0012]Embodiments may include one or more of the following features. The
first member consists essentially of a metallic material. The system
further includes a lubricant between the first member and the second
member. At least one of the first member or the second member includes a
cavity containing the lubricant. The second member further includes a
polymer. The first member may include a groove extending along a
circumferential portion of the first member, and the second member
includes a feature configured to engage with the groove and prevent axial
movement of the first and second members relative to each other. The
system further includes a third member disposed around at least a portion
of the second member, the third member including a metallic material. The
third member includes at least one radially and inwardly bent portion
capable of restricting axial movement of the first member. The system
includes a motor having the shaft, and wherein the shaft is rotatable
about its long axis.

[0013]Other aspects, features and advantages will be apparent from the
description of the embodiments thereof and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system including a motor and a
bearing.

[0023]FIG. 10 is a cutaway exploded view of the embodiment shown in FIG.
9.

[0024]FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional diagram of the embodiment shown in FIG.
9.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025]Referring to FIG. 1, a system 20 includes a housing 22, a motor 24
having a rotor 26, at least a portion of which is in the housing, and
bearing 28 in the housing. Rotor 26 includes a shaft capable of rotating
about its longitudinal axis L, and bearing 28 is positioned between the
rotor and the housing. Bearing 28 is capable of reducing motor
vibrations, which can result in quieter motor operation and increased
motor life. In some embodiments, bearing 28 is used to replace bushings
and ball bearings in electric motors, e.g., high speed motors operating
at approximately 1,000-6,000 RPM or more and under loads of approximately
0-300 pounds.

[0026]As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, bearing 28 includes an assembly of three
parts: a first member (as shown, a cylinder 30), a second member (as
shown, a first flanged cylinder 32) surrounding the first member, and a
third member (as shown, a second flanged cylinder 34 although this member
can also be an unflanged cylinder that surrounds double flanged cylinder
32) surrounding the second member. As shown, cylinder 30 is a solid and
continuous member having an inner surface 36 and an outer surface. Inner
surface 36 defines a passageway 38 that extends along the longitudinal
axis L' of cylinder 30 (and bearing 28). The shape and size of passageway
38 are configured to allow cylinder 30 to be engaged with (e.g., pressed
on to) rotor 26, resulting in an interferenc fit. During operation of
motor 24, as rotor 26 rotates about its longitudinal axis L, cylinder 30
rotates along with the rotor as a result of the interference fit. The
outer surface of cylinder 30 defines a cylindrical surface. Cylinder 30
can include (e.g., be formed of) any material including a metal, e.g., a
pure metal (such as aluminum and magnesium) or an alloy (such as hardened
steel), or a hard plastic. Cylinder 30 can be formed, for example, by
machining, forming from a strip, and/or extrusion.

[0027]First flanged cylinder 32 provides a bearing surface for cylinder 30
as cylinder 30 rotates during operation of motor 24. As shown, first
flanged cylinder 32 extends along the length of cylinder 30 and surrounds
at least a portion of the outer surface of cylinder 30. First flanged
cylinder 32 has an inner surface and an outer surface, both of which
define cylindrical surfaces. The inner surface of first flanged cylinder
32 is in circumferentially sliding engagement with the outer surface of
cylinder 30. In some embodiments, the clearance between the inner surface
of first flanged cylinder 32 and the outer surface of cylinder 30 is
typically approximately 0.0005-0.003 inch (0.013˜0.076 mm). As a
result, during operation of motor 24, cylinder 30 rotates along with
rotor 26, but first flanged cylinder 32 remains stationary. Still
referring to FIG. 2, at a first end, first flanged cylinder 32 is flushed
with an end of cylinder 30, and at an opposite second end, the first
flanged cylinder includes a flange 40 configured to restrict axial
movement of cylinder 30. As shown, flange 40 is a radially and inwardly
bent portion that extends along the thickness of cylinder 30 but does not
extend into passageway 38. The clearance between flange 40 and an end
wall of cylinder 30 can be approximately 0.005-0.010 inch
(0.127˜0.254 mm). First flanged cylinder 32 can include (e.g., be
formed of) any bearing material including a metal, e.g., a pure metal
(such as aluminum and magnesium), an alloy (such as hardened steel), or a
composite (e.g., Norglide Pro® material having a steel or aluminum
substrate and a PTFE layer laminated to the substrate). Other maintenance
free bearing materials, e.g. NORGLIDE® M, SM or T, can be used. First
flanged cylinder 32 can be formed, for example, by rolling a strip of
material and flanging the roll by conventional techniques.

[0028]Second flanged cylinder 34 is configured to hold cylinder 30 and
first flanged cylinder 32 within housing 22. As shown, second flanged
cylinder 34 extends along the length of first flanged cylinder 32 and
surrounds at least a portion of the outer surface of first flanged
cylinder 32. First flanged cylinder 32 has an inner surface and an outer
surface, both of which define cylindrical surfaces. At a first end,
second flanged cylinder 34 is flush with an end of cylinder 30, and at a
second opposite end, the second flanged cylinder includes a flange 42
configured to restrict axial movement of cylinder 30. The clearance
between flange 42 and an end wall of cylinder 30 can be approximately 0
to 0.01 inch (0˜0.254 mm). As shown, flange 42 is a radially and
inwardly bent portion that extends along the thickness of first flanged
cylinder 32 and cylinder 30 but does not extend into passageway 38.
Second flanged cylinder 34 can include (e.g., be formed of) any hard
material including a metal, e.g., a pure metal (such as aluminum and
magnesium) or an alloy (such as hardened steel). Second flanged cylinder
34 can be formed, for example, by rolling a strip of material and
flanging the roll by conventional techniques.

[0029]Bearing 28 can be formed by forming the three parts described above
(cylinder 30, first flanged cylinder 32, and second flanged cylinder 34)
and assembling the parts together. For example, cylinder 30 can be slid
into first flanged cylinder 32, and these two parts can be slid into
second flanged cylinder 34 to form bearing 28. Axial movement of cylinder
30 is restricted by first and second flanged cylinder 32, 34.

[0030]In use, bearing 28 can be placed in a housing or a space configured
to receive the bearing, and a member (e.g., a shaft of a motor) can be
placed in engagement with passageway 38 of the bearing. When the member
moves (e.g., rotates), cylinder 30 of bearing 28 moves with the member
and bears against first flanged cylinder 32.

[0031]While a number of embodiments have been described, the invention is
not so limited.

[0032]For example, while passageway 38 is shown above has having a
circular cross section, in other embodiments, the passageway has a
non-circular cross section, such as oval, elliptical, regularly or
irregularly polygonal having three, four, five, six, seven, eight or more
sides. The member (e.g., rotating shaft) configured to engage with
passageway 38 would have a cross section with a correspondingly matching
outer contour to provide the interference fit or engagement for
operation, as described herein.

[0033]As another example, in some embodiments, the wall(s) of first and/or
second flanged cylinders 32, 34 include a slit or a gap extending
parallel to longitudinal axis L'. After the parts of the bearing are
assembled, the opposing parts of the slit can be joined together (e.g.,
by welding or by interlocking features) or remained spaced.

[0034]Referring to FIG. 4, to further reduce axial movement of the parts,
cylinder 30 can include one or more grooves 50 extending wholly or
partially about its outer circumferential surface, and first flanged
cylinder 32 can include one or more complementary features 51 (e.g., a
raised segment) configured to engage with the groove. Similarly, the
outer surface of first flanged cylinder 32 and the inner surface of
second flanged cylinder 34 can include similar complementary features to
prevent axial movement of these parts.

[0035]In some embodiments, the bearings described herein are used in
applications in which a pivotable member (e.g., a shaft) is placed in the
passageway of the bearings.

[0036]In some embodiments, the bearings described herein include one or
more lubricants or lubricious layers between cylinder 30 and first
flanged cylinder 32. The lubricant or lubricious layer can enhance the
wear resistance of the bearings. Examples of materials included in the
lubricant or lubricious layer include solid state materials (e.g.,
inorganic materials such as graphite and/or molybdenum disulfide),
viscous fluids (e.g., grease), polymers (e.g., fluoropolymers (such as
PTFE) and/or silicone), and combinations thereof. Referring to FIG. 5,
the outer surface of cylinder 30 and/or the inner surface of first
flanged cylinder 32 can include one or more cavities 54 (e.g., pockets
and/or grooves) that serve as reservoirs for the lubricant.

[0037]One or more additives can be included in the lubricant or lubricious
layer, for example, to enhance thermal conductivity and to dissipate heat
that can be generated during use. An example of an additive is metal
particles, e.g., bronze particles.

[0038]The bearing members can include one or more intermediate layers
between metallic and polymer layers. The intermediate layer can, for
example, enhance adhesion or bonding of the polymer to the metallic
substrate. The intermediate layer can include, for example, an adhesive
such as fluoropolymers including PFA, MFA, ETFE, FEP, PCTFE, and PVDF,
curing adhesives such as epoxy, polyimide adhesives, and lower
temperature hot melts such as ethylene vinylacetate (EVA) and
polyether/polyamide copolymer (Pebax®).

[0039]While bearing 28 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 includes three
components, in other embodiments, the bearing includes two components or
more than three components. FIG. 6 shows an exemplary two-component
bearing 28' including a first member (as shown, cylinder 30) and a second
member (as shown, first flanged cylinder 32') surrounding the first
member. At its ends, first flanged cylinder 32' includes a first flange
40' and a second flange 40'' configured to restrict axial movement of
cylinder 30. Flanged cylinder 32' may be a split cylinder that includes
two ends that may be joined, for example, by welding, by adhesive
bonding, with a connector, or through interlocking tabs and slots. The
materials used to fabricate bearing 28', as well as the clearances
between the components, can be the same as described above for bearing
28. Bearing 28' can include one or more of the features described above
(e.g., different cross-sectional shapes, lubricants, additional layers,
grooves). Bearing 28' may optionally include a third component that
surrounds the circumference of double flanged cylinder 32'. This third
component may be void of flanges and may help to stabilize the bearing
and keep it in round. The third component may be metallic and/or
polymeric and may be shaped and sized to fit a specific housing or other
application. It may be cylindrical or other shape such as a regular
polygon. The inner surface of the third component may present a different
shape than the outer surface. It may be friction fit or adhered to
flanged cylinder 32'.

[0040]As another example, FIG. 7 shows a bearing 28'' including a first
member (as shown, cylinder 30), a two-component second member (as shown,
first flanged cylinder 32'') surrounding the first member, and a third
member (as shown, cylinder 50) surrounding the second member. Flanged
cylinder 32'' includes two parts 33, 33' that, respectively, have flanges
35, 35' configured to restrict axial movement of cylinder 30. Parts 33,
33' may be in axial contact with each other or may be axially spaced from
each other to define a gap 52, for example, approximately 0.002 inch
(0.05 mm) to approximately 0.010 inch (0.254 mm) long. As shown, cylinder
50 is a continuous cylinder with no flanges and can be formed of, for
example, steel or aluminum. It is believed that cylinder 50 provides
bearing 28'' with stiffness and consistent clearances between the
components of the bearing. The materials used to fabricate bearing 28'',
as well as the clearances between the components, can be the same as
described above for bearing 28.

[0041]Bearing 28'' can include one or more of the features described above
(e.g., different cross-sectional shapes, lubricants, additional layers,
grooves). For example, FIG. 8 shows a bearing 28''' including first
member cylinder 30, first flanged cylinder 32'' (second member)
surrounding the first member, and cylinder 50 surrounding the second
member. First flanged cylinder 32'' includes two symmetrical halves 33
and 33'. As shown, first flanged cylinder 32'' includes a metal substrate
59 and a polymer layer 60 on the metal substrate. Examples of materials
for first flanged cylinder 32'' include a metal substrate (e.g., a steel
or aluminum substrate) and a polymer layer (e.g., a PTFE layer) laminated
to the substrate (e.g. NORGLIDE® M, SM T, Pro®). In some
embodiments, bearing 28''' includes a lubricant between cylinder 30 and
first flanged cylinder 32'', and as shown the first flanged cylinder
includes a cavity 62 in polymer layer 60 near gap 52 to help retain the
lubricant. Cavity 62 in polymer layer 60 may be present with or without
gap 52. One specific example of an appropriate lubricant is a lubricant
composition including (by volume) 62% Mobil 1® 0W-40 motor oil, 19%
Bakoda® ski wax and 19% Lucas® Heavy Duty Oil Stabilizer.
Examples of additional lubricants are described in the patent application
titled BEARING GREASE COMPOSITION, Attorney Docket No. 0-5056, filed on
even date herewith and which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
In other embodiments, bearing 28''' does not include the lubricant and/or
cavity 62.

[0042]Other embodiments may include four or more components. An exemplary
bearing having more than three components can include a first member
(e.g., cylinder 30), a second member (e.g., first flanged cylinder 32)
surrounding the first member, a third member (e.g., second flanged
cylinder 34) surrounding the second member, and additional members (e.g.,
one, two, three or more) surrounding the third member. The additional
members can surround the more radially inward members similarly to how
the second member or the third member surrounds more radially inward
member(s).

[0043]Another example is provided in FIGS. 9-11 which show an assembled
bearing 88 in an isometric view (FIG. 9), in cutaway exploded view (FIG.
10) and in cross-sectional view (FIG. 11). In this embodiment the
cylindrical members may be in the form of V-shaped (cross-sectional
profile) rings. This embodiment includes inner V-shaped ring 36 which can
slidably rotate with respect to outer V-shaped ring 38. Outer V-shaped
ring 38 may be permanently fixed to hollow cylindrical ring 80. In
similar embodiments the inner and outer rings may include different
profiles that are not specifically V-shaped. For example, the
cross-sectional profile of the inner ring may be U-shaped. This profile
can allow for a concave outer surface (of the inner ring) structure that
results in one or more substantial bearing surfaces that are not parallel
to the radial axis of the bearing. This is in contrast, for example, to
the bearing shown in FIG. 7 in which the majority of the bearing surface
is parallel to the radial axis of the bearing. The radius of the inner
ring and/or outer ring may be greater toward the center (midline) of the
bearing than it is at the lateral edges of the bearing. Moving from the
outer edge to the center of the bearing, the radius may increase
linearly, as in the case of a V-shaped inner ring or according to the
equation of a curve in the case of a U-shaped ring. In some cases it may
be only the outer surface of inner ring 36 and the inner surface of outer
ring 38 that exhibit this increasing radius. For example, inner ring 36
may be formed so that it fills space 89 while maintaining a V-shaped
profile on the outer surface. In this case, the inner surface of the
inner ring may be parallel to the radial axis of the bearing while the
outer surface is not parallel to the radial axis of the bearing.

[0044]Inner V-shaped ring 36 may be formed from a single piece or from
multiple components as shown in FIG. 10. If a multi-component inner
V-shaped ring is chosen, the components may remain separate or may be
permanently attached together. For example, complementary halves may be
joined together at central line 96 to form a unitary inner V-shaped ring.
The inner V-shaped ring may be, for example, metallic or a metallic alloy
and may include, for instance, steel or bronze. As seen in FIGS. 10 and
11, inner V-shaped ring 36 may include two substantially straight inner
surfaces (in cross section) 36a and 36b that form a "V" by sloping
outwardly as they meet centrally in the bearing. Inner V-shaped ring 36
may include a flattened portion 36d at one or both of the outer edges of
the ring. When inner V-shaped ring 36 receives a shaft 90 (shown in
dotted lines), flattened portion 36d may be the only portion of inner
V-shaped ring 36 that is in contact with the shaft. Thus when shaft 90 is
installed it may be supported by flattened portion 36d and may form a
space 89 between the surface of the shaft and the V portion of the inner
surface 36a and 36b of the inner V-shaped ring. Space 89 can reduce heat
transfer between the bearing and the shaft which can, for example, result
in a cooler operating motor.

[0045]Inner surface 38A of outer V-shaped ring 38 may be complementary to
outer surface 36c of inner V-shaped ring 36. Outer V-shaped ring 38 may
include outer flattened portions that correspond to flattened portions
36d of inner V-shaped ring 36. Outer V-shaped ring 38 can be a composite
and may include a fluoropolymer or other self-lubricating material on
inner surface 38a that is laminated to a metallic substrate to form the
composite ring. For example, outer V-shaped ring 38 may be formed from
NORGLIDE® M, SM, T, or Pro® as described above. Outer V-shaped
ring 38 may be a single piece or may include two or more pieces joined
together. In one embodiment, as shown, two symmetrical halves can be spot
welded together. By spot welding, the joint between the two halves may
form intermittent passages that allow lubricant to pass from cavity 87 to
the bearing surfaces between the inner and outer V-shaped rings. In other
cases the seam between the two halves may be completely sealed.

[0046]Hollow cylindrical ring 80 may form a housing for bearing 88. Hollow
cylindrical ring 80 may be formed from a metallic material such as steel.
Hollow cylindrical ring 80 can include two L-shaped (in cross-section)
cylindrical rings that may be joined together by, for example, welding,
press fitting or overmolding with a polymer. For instance, laser spot
weld 84 can be seen in FIG. 9. Outer V-shaped ring 38 can be fixed to
hollow cylindrical ring 80 by spot welding or other techniques. Spot
welds 86a, 86b and 86c are evident in FIG. 9 and serve to affix hollow
cylindrical ring 80 to outer V-shaped ring 38, thus immobilizing hollow
cylindrical ring 80 with respect to outer V-shaped ring 38. As a result,
inner V-shaped ring 36 is slidably rotatable in relation to both outer
V-shaped ring 38 and hollow cylindrical ring 80. Hollow cylindrical ring
80 can be dimensioned to form cavity 87 that is a substantially toroidal
shape and that extends around the outer surface 38b of outer V-shaped
ring 38. "Substantially toroidal" means that the cavity extends 360
degrees around the bearing but (as shown) it need not have a circular or
even a rounded cross-section. Inclusion of this cavity has been found to
reduce vibration and provide quieter operation as well as provide greater
tolerance regarding the angle of the shaft that is supported by bearing
88. For example, "edge loading" that can result from a bent shaft can be
more readily tolerated with the V-shape than it can with flat surfaced
cylindrical bearings. The size of cavity 87 may be extended by enlarging
the axial walls 92 of hollow cylindrical ring 80. Cavity 87 may be empty
or may contain an additional component such as a lubricant or damping
material. For example, cavity 87 may be filled, at least partially, with
one of the greases or other lubricants described or referred to herein.
The lubricant can be passively supplied to the bearing surfaces through
passages formed in outer V-shaped bearing 38.

[0047]Hollow cylindrical ring 80 may be coated partially or totally with
an elastomer to produce an elastomer coated metal. For instance, an
elastomeric coating may be applied to axial surface 92 or to cylindrical
surface 94, or to both. The elastomeric coating can help to provide
additional vibration and noise reduction as well as provide for easier
and more secure fitting of the bearing in a device. Appropriate coatings
may include, for example, natural and synthetic elastomers such as PVC,
PVB and NBR (nitrile rubber).

[0048]When used to rotatably support a shaft, such as a shaft of a motor
or a steering mechanism, bearing 88 may be particularly tolerant of
thrust loading that may cause extensive wear in alternative bearings. If
an axial force is applied to the bearing through the shaft, this axial
force is spread across substantially one half (the outer half) of the
total contacting surfaces of the V-shaped bearing. In flanged bearings
that include a substantially flat portion (in cross-section) from flange
to flange, the force from the thrust loading may be applied almost
entirely to the flange, resulting in excessive friction and wear at the
flange location. It has been found that by spreading this force across
the outer half of the V-shaped surface, rather than entirely to the
flange, the frictional wear can be significantly reduced.

[0049]While several embodiments of the present invention have been
described and illustrated herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will
readily envision a variety of other means and/or structures for
performing the functions and/or obtaining the results and/or one or more
of the advantages described herein, and each of such variations and/or
modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the present invention.
More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all
parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein
are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters, dimensions,
materials, and/or configurations will depend upon the specific
application or applications for which the teachings of the present
invention is/are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be
able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many
equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described
herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing embodiments
are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the
appended claims and equivalents thereto, the invention may be practiced
otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. The present
invention is directed to each individual feature, system, article,
material, kit, and/or method described herein. In addition, any
combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials,
kits, and/or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials,
kits, and/or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within
the scope of the present invention.

[0050]All definitions, as defined and used herein, should be understood to
control over dictionary definitions, definitions in documents
incorporated by reference, and/or ordinary meanings of the defined terms.

[0051]The indefinite articles "a" and "an," as used herein in the
specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to the
contrary, should be understood to mean "at least one."

[0052]The phrase "and/or," as used herein in the specification and in the
claims, should be understood to mean "either or both" of the elements so
conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases
and disjunctively present in other cases. Other elements may optionally
be present other than the elements specifically identified by the
"and/or" clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements
specifically identified, unless clearly indicated to the contrary.

[0053]All references, patents and patent applications and publications
that are cited or referred to in this application are incorporated in
their entirety herein by reference.