dpkg-divert

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To divert all copies of a /usr/bin/example to
/usr/bin/example.foo, i.e. directs all packages providing
/usr/bin/example to install it as
/usr/bin/example.foo, performing the rename if required:

dpkg-divert --divert /usr/bin/example.foo --rename
/usr/bin/example

To remove that diversion:

dpkg-divert --rename --remove /usr/bin/example

To divert any package trying to install /usr/bin/example
to /usr/bin/example.foo, except your own wibble
package:

description

dpkg-divert
is the utility used to set up and update the list of
diversions.

File
diversions are a way of forcing dpkg(1) not to
install a file into its location, but to a diverted
location. Diversions can be used through the Debian package
scripts to move a file away when it causes a conflict.
System administrators can also use it to override some
package’s configuration file, or whenever some files
(which aren’t marked as ’conffiles’) need
to be preserved by dpkg, when installing a newer version of
a package which contains those files.

options

--admindirdirectory

Set the dpkg data directory to
directory (default: /var/lib/dpkg).

--divertdivert-to

divert-to is the
location where the versions of file, as provided by
other packages, will be diverted.

--local

Specifies that all
packages’ versions of this file are diverted. This
means, that there are no exceptions, and whatever package is
installed, the file is diverted. This can be used by an
admin to install a locally modified version.

--packagepackage

package is the name of a
package whose copy of file will not be diverted. i.e.
file will be diverted for all packages except
package.

commands

Print the name of the package that diverts file. Prints
LOCAL if file is locally diverted and nothing if
file is not diverted.

--truenamefile

Print the real name for a diverted file.

environment

DPKG_ADMINDIR

If set and the --admindir option has not been specified,
it will be used as the dpkg data directory.

DPKG_MAINTSCRIPT_PACKAGE

If set and the --local and --package options have
not been specified, dpkg-divert will use it as the package
name.

files

/var/lib/dpkg/diversions

File which contains the current list of diversions of the system.
It is located in the dpkg administration directory, along with
other files important to dpkg, such as status or
available.
Note: dpkg-divert preserves the old copy of this file,
with extension -old, before replacing it with the new one.

notes

When adding, default is --local and --divertoriginal.distrib. When removing, --package
or --local and --divert must match if specified.

Directories can’t be diverted with dpkg-divert.

Care should be taken when diverting shared libraries,
ldconfig(8) creates a symbolic link based on the DT_SONAME
field embedded in the library. Because ldconfig doesn’t
honour diverts (only dpkg does), the symlink may end up pointing
at the diverted library, if a diverted library has the same
SONAME as the undiverted one.