Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by episodes of complete or partial upper airway obstruction during sleep, often resulting in gas exchange abnormalities and disrupted sleep. The condition exists in 1 to 5 percent of children and can occur at any age, but may be most common in children ages two to six years [1,2]. Untreated OSA is associated with cardiovascular complications, impaired growth (including failure to thrive), learning problems, and behavioral problems [3-8]. Early diagnosis and treatment of OSA may decrease morbidity. However, diagnosis is frequently delayed [5,9].

The risk factors, screening, and diagnostic evaluation of children who are suspected of having OSA are reviewed here. Pathogenesis, predisposing conditions, and treatment of pediatric OSA are discussed in other topic reviews:

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