Excerpted from vol 6, no. 4, "Power and Resonance", the
&QUOT;Journal of the International Tesla Society&QUOT;. For further information
on the topics discussed below: &QUOT;The Tesla Book Co.&QUOT;, Box 1649,
Greenville, Texas 75401

Ask any school kid: "who invented radio"? If you get an answer at
all it will doubtless be Marconi - an answer with which all the encyclopedias and
textbooks agree. Or ask most anyone: "who invented the stuff that makes your
toaster, your stereo, the street lights, the factories and offices work?"
Without hesitation, Thomas Edison, right? Wrong both times. The correct answer is
Nikola Tesla, a person you have probably never heard of. there's more. He appears
to have discovered x-rays a year before W. K. Roentgen did in Germany, he built a
vacuum tube amplifier several years before Lee de Forest did, he was using
fluorescent lights in his laboratory 40 years before the industry
"invented" them, and he demonstrated the principles used in microwave
ovens and radar decades before they became an integral part of our society. Yet
we associate his name with none of them.

For about 20 years around the turn of the century, he was known and respected
in academic circles world wide, corresponding with eminent physicists of his day,
including Albert Einstein, quoted and conferred with on matters of electrical
science, adopted by New York's high society, backed by such financial and
industrial giants as J. P. Morgan, John Jacob Astor, and George Westinghouse. He
counted as friends eminent artists such as Mark Twain and pianist Ignace
Paderewski. His honorary degrees, major prizes, and other citations number in
the dozens.

Tesla was born in Smijlan, Croatia in 1856, the son of a clergyman and an
inventive mother. He had an extraordinary memory, one that made learning six
languages easy for him. He entered the Polytechnic School at Gratz, where for
four years he studied mathematics, physics and mechanics, confounding more than
one professor by an understanding of electricity, an infant science in those
days, that was greater than theirs. His practical career started in 1881 in
Budapest, Hungary, where he made his first electrical invention, a telephone
repeater (the ordinary loudspeaker) and conceived the idea of a rotating magnetic
field, which later made him world famous in its form as the modern induction
motor. The polyphase induction motor is what provides power to virtually every
industrial application, from conveyer belts to winches to machine tools.

Tesla's mental abilities require some mention, since, not only did he have a
photographic memory, he was able to use creative visualization with an uncanny
and practical intensity. He describes in his autobiography how he was able to
visualize a particular apparatus and was then able to actually test run the
apparatus, disassemble it and check for proper action and wear! During the
manufacturing phase of his inventions, he would work with all blueprints and
specifications in his head. The invention invariably assembled together without
redesign and worked perfectly. Tesla slept one to 2 hours a day and worked
continuously on his inventions and theories without benefit of ordinary
relaxation or vacations. He could judge the dimension of an object to a hundredth
of an inch and perform difficult computations in his head without benefit of
slide rule or mathematical tables. Far from an ivory tower intellectual, he was
very much aware of the issues in the world around him, made it a point to render
his ideas accessable to the general public by frequent contributions to the
popular press, and to his field by numerous lectures and scientific papers.

He decided to come to this country (USA) in 1884. He brought with him the
various models of the first induction motors, which, after a brief and unhappy
period at the edison works, were eventually shown to George Westinghouse. It was
in the Westinghouse shops that the induction motor was perfected. Numerous
patents were taken out on this prime invention, all under Tesla's name.

Tesla worked briefly for Thomas Edison when he first came to the United
States, creating many improvements on Edison's dc motors and generators, but left
under a cloud of controversy after Edison refused to live up to bonus and royalty
commitments. This was the beginning of a rivalry which was to have ugly
consequences later when Edison and his backers did everything in their power to
stop the development and installation of Tesla's far more efficient and practical
ac current delivery system and urban power grid. Edison put together a traveling
road show which attempted to portray ac current as dangerous, even to the point
of electrocuting animals both small (puppies) and large (in one case an elephant)
in front of large audiences. As a result of this propaganda crusade, the state of
New York adopted ac electrocution as its method of executing convicts. Tesla won
the battle by the demonstration of ac current's safety and usefulness when his
apparatus illuminated and powered the entire New York World's Fair of 1899.

Tesla's most important work at the end of the nineteenth century was his
original system of transmission of energy by wireless antenna. In 1900 Tesla
obtained his two fundamental patents on the transmission of true wireless energy
covering both methods and apparatus and involving he use of four tuned circuits.
In 1943, the Supreme Court of the United States granted full patent rights to
Nikola Tesla for the invention of the radio, superseding and nullifying any prior
claim by marconi and others in regards to the "fundamental radio
patent" It is interesting to note that Tesla, in 1898, described the
transmission of not only the human voice, but images as well and later designed
and patented devices that evolved into the power supplies that operate our
present day TV picture tubes. The first primitive radar installations in 1934
were built following principles, mainly regarding frequency and power level, that
were stated by Tesla in 1917.

In 1889 Tesla constructed an experimental station in Colorado Springs where he
studied the characteristics of high frequency or radio frequency alternating
currents. While there he developed a powerful radio transmitter of unique design
and also a number of receivers "for individualizing and isolating the energy
transmitted". He conducted experiments designed to establish the laws of
radio propagation which are currently being "rediscovered" and verified
amid some controversy in high energy quantum physics.

Tesla wrote in "Century Magazine" in 1900: "...that
communication without wires to any point of the globe is practicable. My
experiments showed that the air at the ordinary pressure became distinctly
conducting, and this opened up the wonderful prospect of transmitting large
amounts of electrical energy for industrial purposes to great distances without
wires...its practical consummation would mean that energy would be available for
the uses of man at any point of the globe. I can conceive of no technical advance
which would tend to unite the various elements of humanity more effectively than
this one, or of one which would more add to and more economize human
energy..." This was written in 1900! After finishing preliminary testing,
work was begun on a full sized broadcasting station at shoreham, Long Island. Had
it gone into operation, it would have been able to provide usable amounts of
electrical power at the receiving circuits. After construction of a generator
building (still standing) and a 180 foot broadcasting tower (dynamited in world
war I on the dubious pretext of being a potential navigation reference for German
U-boats), financial support for the project was suddenly withdrawn by J. P.
Morgan when it became apparent that such a worldwide power project couldn't be
metered and charged for.

Another one of Tesla's inventions that is familiar to anyone who has ever
owned an automobile, was patented in 1898 under the name "electrical ignitor
for gas engines". More commonly known as the automobile ignition system, its
major component, the ignition coil, remains practically unchanged since its
introduction into use at the turn of the century.

Nikola Tesla also designed and built prototypes of a unique fuel burning
rotary engine based upon his earlier design for a rotary pump. Recent tests that
have been carried out on the Tesla bladeless disk turbine indicate that, if
constructed using newly developed high temperature ceramic materials, it will
rank as the world's most efficient gas engine, out-performing our present day
piston type internal combustion engines in fuel efficiency, longevity,
adaptability to different fuels, cost and power to weight ratio.

Tesla's generosity eventually left him without adequate funds to pursue and
realize his inventions. His idealism and humanism left him with little stomach
for the world of industrial and financial intrigue. His New York laboratory was
destroyed by a mysterious fire. References to his work and accomplishments were
systematically purged from the scientific literature and textbooks. Driven into a
Hermetic exile in a New York hotel during the period between the two wars, 20
years of his potentially rich and productive contribution were taken from us. The
only occasions of public appearance were the yearly press interview on his
birthday when he would describe amazing and far reaching inventions and
technological possibilities. These were distorted and sensationalized in the
popular press, particularly when he described advanced weapons systems on the eve
of world war II. He died in obscurity in 1943. Only the FBI took note: they
searched his papers (in vain) for the design of the "death-ray
machine". It is interesting to note that the motivation for our "Star
Wars" defense system was based upon fears that the soviets had begun
deployment of weapons based upon Tesla high energy principles. Public reports of
mysterious "blindings" of U.S. surveillance satellites, anomalous high
altitude flashes and fireballs, elf wave radio interference, and other cases lend
credence to this interpretation.

Credit must be given where credit is due for the labor saving and humanitarian
inventions such as universal ac current that have been incorporated into the very
fabric of our daily lives and also the devices who's design have been made
available, but have not been utilized by society at large.

Short History of Nikola Tesla

This is a file to straighten out misconception and disinformation that has
occurred over the years, about how supposedly "great" Edison was, and
how Nikola Tesla was brushed under the capitalist power rug.

Edison was a thief, employing all kinds of people for their brains, he stole
their inventions, their ideas, so much so, that it is unclear today what Edison
actually invented, and what was stolen from others.

The Edison Electric Institute was formed to perpetuate the notion that Edison
was the inventor of record, and to make sure that school textbooks, etc., only
mentioned HIM in connection with these many inventions. Much like Bell Labs does
today.

Nikola Tesla was pretty much always a genius, after having made many
improvements in the electric trolleys, and trains in his country, he came to
America, sought employment, and eventually ended up working for Edison.

Edison had contracted with New York City to build Direct Current (D.C.) power
plants every square mile or so, so as to power the lights that he supposedly
invented. Street lights, hotel lighting etc. Having trenches dug throughout the
city to lay the cables, copper, and as big around as a man's bicep, he told Tesla
that if Tesla could save him money by redesigning certain aspects of the
installation, that he would give Tesla a percentage of the savings. A verbal
agreement. After approximately a year, Tesla went to Edison's office and showed
him the savings that had occurred ($100,000 or so, which in those days was quite
a piece of change) as a direct result of his (Tesla's) engineering, and Edison
pretended ignorance of any agreement. Tesla quit. From that point on, the two men
were enemies.

Tesla invented useable Alternating Current (A.C.) that we all use today, in a
world where Edison and others already had a huge investment in D.C. power.

Tesla proselytized A.C. power and had some success building A.C. power plants,
and providing A.C. power to various entities. One of these was Sing Sing prison,
in upstate New York. Tesla provided A.C. power for the "electric chair"
there. Edison had big articles printed in the New York newspapers, saying that
A.C. power was dangerous "killing" power, and in general, gave a bad
name to Tesla.

To contradict this jab, Tesla set out on his own positive marketing campaign,
appearing at the 1880? World Exposition in Chicago passing high frequency
"dangerous" A.C. power over his body to power light bulbs in front of
the public. Shooting huge, long sparks from his "Tesla coil", and
touching them, etc. "Proving" that A.C. power was safe for public
consumption.

The advantage of A.C. power was that you could send it a long distance through
reasonably sized wires with little loss, and if you touched the wires together,
"shorted them", you got a lot of sparks, and only the place where they
were touching melted until the two wires weren't touching anymore.

D.C. power, on the other hand, needed huge cables to go any distance at all,
while using power, the cables heated up. When shorted, the cables melted all the
way back to the power house, streets had to be dug up again and new cables laid.
If a short occurred in a single light, it usually started a fire, and burned down
the hotel or destroyed whatever it was in contact with! This was quite profitable
for those in the D.C. power business, and quite good for those into ditch
digging, construction, etc.

Tesla invented 2-phase, and 3-phase Alternating Current. He figured motors
turned in a circle, so alternately driving separate, 180 degree, sections of the
surrounding armature would build up less heat, and use less electricity. He was
right.

1929 came, the stock market crashed, bankers, lawyers, everyone who had lost
their wealth and hadn't jumped out a window, sought work, many as common laborers
if lucky, for a dollar a day. Tesla found himself digging ditches in the company
of broke but influential ex-Wall-streeters. During the short lunch period, he
would tell his buddies about phased A.C. electricity, and how it was efficient,
etc. Along about 1932, he was working at a small generator rebuilding shop in New
York, and one of the bankers that he used to dig ditches with, found him, and
took him to Mr. Westinghouse, to whom he told his stories. Westinghouse bought 19
patents outright, and gave Tesla a dollar per horsepower for any electric motor
produced by Westinghouse using the Tesla 3-phase system.

Tesla finally had the money with which to start building his laboratories, 5
and conducting the experiments with free earth energy. The idea that really made
him unpopular.

Something free, that the masters of war and business couldn't control? They
couldn't have that! So, the day after Tesla died in 1943, his huge laboratory on
Long Island mysteriously burned down, no records saved, and the remnants were
bulldozed the day after that to further eradicate any equipment still left. So
much for "free energy".

The question comes up from time to time. "Who's the greatest hacker ever?
"Well, there's a lot of different opinions on this. Some say Steve Wozniak
of Apple II fame. Maybe Andy Hertzfeld of the Mac operating system. Richard
Stallman, say others, of MIT. Yet at such times when I mention who I think the
greatest hacker is, everyone agrees (provided they know of him), and there's no
further argument. So, let me introduce you to him, and his greatest hack. I'll
warn you right up front that it's mind numbing. By the way, everything I'm going
to tell you is true and verifiable down at your local library. Don't worry --
we're not heading off into a Shirley MacLaine UFO-land story. Just some classy
electrical engineering...

THE SCENE: COLORADO SPRINGS, CO.

Colorado Springs is in southern Colorado, about 70 mile south of Denver. These
days it is known as the home of several optical disk research corporations and of
NORAD, the missile defense command under Cheyenne Mountain. (I have a personal
interest in Colorado Springs; my wife Sandy grew up there.) These events took
place some time ago in Colorado Springs. A scientist had moved into town and set
up a laboratory on Hill Street, on the southern outskirts. The lab had a two
hundred foot copper antenna sticking up out of it, looking something like a HAM
radio enthusiast's antenna. He moved in and started work. And strange electrical
things happened near that lab. People would walk near the lab, and sparks would
jump up from the ground to their feet, through the soles of their shoes. One boy
took a screwdriver, held it near a fire hydrant, and drew a four inch electrical
spark from the hydrant. Sometimes the grass around his lab would glow with an
eerie blue corona, St. Elmo's Fire. What they didn't know was this was small
stuff. The man in the lab was merely tuning up his apparatus. He was getting
ready to run it wide open in an experiment that ranks as among the greatest, and
most spectacular, of all time. One side effect of his experiment was the setting
of the record for man-made lightning: some 42 meters in length (130 feet).

THE MAN: NIKOLA TESLA

His name was Nikola Tesla. He was an immigrant from what is now Yugoslavia;
there's a museum of his works in Belgrade. He's a virtual unknown in the United
States, despite his accomplishments. I'm not sure why. Some people feel it's a
dark plot, the same people who are into conspiracy theories. I feel it's more
that Tesla, while a brilliant inventor, was also an awful businessman; he ended
up going broke. Businessmen who go broke fade out of the public eye; we see this
in the computer industry all the time. Edison, who wasn't near the inventor Tesla
was, but who was a better businessman, is well remembered as is his General
Electric. Still, let me list a few of Tesla's works just so you'll understand how
bright he was. He invented the AC motor and transformer. (Think of every motor in
your house.) He invented 3-phase electricity and popularized alternating current,
the electrical distribution system used all over the world. He invented the Tesla
Coil, which makes the high voltage that drives the picture tube in your
computer's CRT. He is now credited with inventing modern radio as well; the
Supreme Court overturned Marconi's patent in 1943 in favor of Tesla.

Tesla, in short, invented much of the equipment that gets power to your home
every day from miles away, and many that use that power inside your home. His
inventions made George Westinghouse (Westinghouse Corp.) a wealthy man. Finally,
the unit of magnetic flux in the metric system is the "Tesla". Other
units include the "faraday" and the "henry", so you'll
understand this is an honor given to few. So we're not talking about an unknown
here, but rather a solid electrical engineer. Tesla whipped through a number of
inventions early in his life. He found himself increasingly interested in
resonance, and in particular, electrical resonance. Tesla found out something
fascinating. If you set an electrical circuit to resonating, it does strange
things indeed. Take for instance his Tesla Coil. This high frequency step-up
transformer would kick out a few hundred thousand volts at radio frequencies. The
voltage would come off the top of his coil as a "corona", or brush
discharge. The little ones put out a six-inch spark; the big ones throw sparks
many feet long. Yet Tesla could draw the sparks to his fingers without being hurt
-- the high frequency of the electricity keeps it on the surface of the skin, and
prevents the current from doing any harm. Tesla got to thinking about resonance
on a large scale. He'd already pioneered the electrical distribution system we
use today, and that's not small thinking; when you think of Tesla, think big. He
thought, let's say I send an electrical charge into the ground. What happens to
it? Well, the ground is an excellent conductor of electricity.

Let me spend a moment on this so you understand, because topsoil doesn't seem
very conductive to most. The ground makes a wonderful sinkhole for electricity.
This is why you "ground" power tools; the third (round) pin in every AC
outlet in your house is wired straight to, literally, the ground.

Typically, the handle of your power tool is hooked to ground this way, if
something shorts out in the tool and the handle gets electrified,the current
rushes to the ground instead of into you. The ground has long been used in this
manner, as a conductor.

Tesla generates a powerful pulse of electricity, and drains it into the
ground. Because the ground is conductive, it doesn't stop. Rather, it spreads out
like a radio wave, traveling at the speed of light, 186,000 miles per second. And
it keeps going, because it's a powerful wave; it doesn't peter out after a few
miles. It passes through the iron core of the earth with little trouble. After
all, molten iron is very conductive. When the wave reaches the far side of the
planet, it bounces back, like a wave in water bounces when it reaches an
obstruction. Since it bounces, it makes a return trip; eventually, it returns to
the point of origin. Now, this idea might seem wild. But it isn't science
fiction. We bounced radar beams off the moon in the 1950's, and we mapped Venus
by radar in the 1970's. Those planets are millions of miles away. The earth is a
mere 3,000 miles in diameter; sending an electromagnetic wave through it is a
piece of cake. We can sense earthquakes all the way across the planet by the
vibrations they set up that travel all that distance. So, while at first thought
it seems amazing, it's really pretty straight forward. But, as I said, it's a
typical example of how Tesla thought. And then he had one of his typically Tesla
ideas.

He thought, when the wave returns to me (about 1/30th of a second after he
sends it in), it's going to be considerably weakened by the trip. Why doesn't he
send in another charge at this point, to strengthen the wave? The two will
combine, go out, and bounce again. And then he'll reinforce it again, and again.
The wave will build up in power. It's like pushing a swingset. You give a series
of small pushes each time the swing goes out. And you build up a lot of power
with a series of small pushes; ever tried to stop a swing when it's going full
tilt? He wanted to find out the upper limit of resonance. And he was in for a
surprise.

THE HACK: THE TESLA COIL

So Tesla moved into Colorado Springs, where one of his generators and
electrical systems had been installed, and set up his lab. Why Colorado Springs?
Well, his lab in New York had burned down, and he was depressed about that. And
as fate would have it, a friend in Colorado Springs who directed the power
company, Leonard Curtis, offered him free electricity. Who could resist that?
After setting up his lab, he tuned his gigantic Tesla coil through that year,
trying to get it to resonate perfectly with the earth below. And the townspeople
noticed those weird effects; Tesla was electrifying the ground beneath their feet
on the return bounce of the wave. Eventually, he got it tuned, keeping things at
low power. But in the spirit of a true hacker, just once he decided to run it
wide open, just to see what would happen. Just what was the upper limit of the
wave he would build up, bouncing back and forth in the planet below? He had his
Coil hooked to the ground below it, the 200 foot antenna above it, and getting as
much electricity as he wanted right off the city power supply mains. Tesla went
outside to watch (wearing three inch rubber soles for insulation) and had his
assistant, Kolman Czito, turn the Coil on. There was a buzz from rows of oil
capacitors, and a roar from the spark gap as wrist-thick arcs jumped across it.
Inside the lab the noise was deafening. But Tesla was outside, watching the
antenna. Any surge that returned to the area would run up the antenna and jump
off as lightning. Off the top of the antenna shot a six foot lightning bolt. The
bolt kept going in a steady arc, though, unlike a single lightning flash. And
here Tesla watched carefully, for he wanted to see if the power would build up,
if his wave theory would work. Soon the lightning was twenty feet long, then
fifty. The surges were growing more powerful. Eighty feet -- now thunder was
following each lightning bolt. A hundred feet, a hundred twenty feet; the
lightning shot upwards off the antenna. Thunder was heard booming around Tesla
now (it was heard 22 miles away, in the town of Cripple Creek). The meadow Tesla
was standing in was lit up with an electrical discharge very much like St. Elmo's
Fire, casting a blue glow. His theory had worked! There didn't seem to be an
upper limit to the surges; he was creating the most powerful electrical surges
ever created by man. That moment he set the record, which he still holds, for
manmade lightning. Then everything halted. The lightning discharges stopped, the
thunder quit. He ran in, found the power company had turned off his power feed.
He called them, shouted at them -- they were interrupting his experiment! The
foreman replied that Tesla had just overloaded the generator and set it on fire,
his lads were busy putting out the fire in the windings, and it would be a cold
day in hell before Tesla got any more free power from the Colorado Springs power
company!

All the lights in Colorado Springs had gone out. And that, readers, is to me
the greatest hack in history. I've seen some amazing hacks. The 8-bit Atari OS.
The Mac OS. The phone company computers -- well, lots of computers. But I've
never seen anyone set the world's lightning record and shut off the power to an
entire town, "just to see what would happen". For a few moments, there
in Colorado Springs, he achieved something never before done. He had used the
entire planet as a conductor, and sent a pulse through it. In that one moment in
the summer of 1899, he made electrical history. That's right, in 1899 -- darn
near a hundred years ago. Well, you may say to yourself, that's a nice story, and
I'm sure George Lucas could make a hell of a move about it, special effects and
all. But it's not relevant today. Or isn't it? Hang on to your hat.

THE SDI AND THE TESLA COIL

Last month we talked about an amazing hack that Nikola Tesla did -- bouncing
an electrical wave through the planet, in 1899, and setting the world's record
for manmade lightning. This month,let me lay a little political groundwork. Last
October I attended Hackercon 2.0, another gathering of computer hackers from all
over. It was an informal weekend at a camp in the hills west of Santa Clara. One
of the more interesting memories of Hackers 2.0 were the numerous diatribes
against the Strategic Defense Initiative. Most speakers claimed it was
impossible, citing technical problems. So many people felt obligated to complain
about SDI that the conference was jokingly called "SDIcon 2.0".
Probably the high(?) point of the conference was Jerry Pournelle and Timothy
Leary up on stage debating SDI. I'll leave the description to your imagination --
it was everything you can think of and more. Personally, I was disturbed to see
how many gifted hackers adopting the attitude of "let's not even try".
That's not how micros got started. I mentioned to one Time magazine journalist
that if anyone could make SDI go, it was the hackers gathered there. I also
believe that the greatest hacker of them all, Nikola Tesla, solved the SDI
technical problem back in 1899. The event was so long ago, and so amazing, that
it's pretty much been forgotten; I described it last issue. Let me present my
case for the Tesla Coil and SDI.

SOVIET USE OF THE TESLA COIL

You will recall I said that Tesla was born in Yugoslavia (although back then,
it was "Serbo-Croatia"). He is not unknown there; he is regarded as a
national hero. Witness the Nikola Tesla museum in Belgrade, for instance. There's
been interferences picked up, on this side of the planet, which is causing
problems in the ham radio bands. Direction finding equipment has traced the
interference in the SW band to two sources in the Soviet Union, which are
apparently two high powered Tesla Coils. Why on earth are the Soviets playing
with Tesla Coils? There's one odd theory that they're subjecting Canada to low
level electrical interference to cause attitude change. Sigh. Moving right along,
there's another theory, more credible, that they are conducting research in
"over the horizon" radar using Tesla's ideas. (The Soviets are
certainly not saying what they're doing.) When I read about this testing, it
worried me. I don't think they're playing with attitude control or radar. I think
they're doing exactly what Tesla did in Colorado Springs.

COMPUTERS AND GROUNDING

Time for another discussion of grounding. Consider your computer equipment.
You've doubtlessly been warned about static electricity, always been told to
ground yourself (thus discharging the static into the ground, an electrical
sinkhole) before touching your computer. Companies make anti-static spray for
your rugs. Static is in the 20,000 to 50,000 volt range. Computer chips run on
five to twelve volts. The internal insulation is built for that much voltage.
When they get a shot of static in the multiple thousand volt range, the
insulation is punctured, and the chip ruined. Countless computers have been
damaged this way.

Read any manual on inserting memory chips to a PC, and you'll see warnings
about static; it's a big problem. Now Tesla was working in the millions of volts
range. And his special idea -- that the ground itself could be the conductor --
now comes into relevance, nearly a hundred years after his dramatic demonstration
in Colorado Springs. For, you see, in our wisdom we've grounded our many
computers, to protect them from static.

We've always assumed the ground is an electrical sinkhole. So, with our
three-pin plugs we ground everything -- the two flat pins in your wall go to
electricity (hot and neutral); the third, round pin, goes straight to ground.
That third pin is usually hooked with a thick wire to a cold water pipe, which
grounds it effectively.

Tesla proved that you can give that ground a terrific charge, millions of
volts of high frequency electricity. (Tesla ran his large coil at 33 Khz).
Remember, the lightning surging off his Coil was coming from the wave bouncing
back and forth in the planet below. In short, he was modifying the ground's
electrical potential, changing it from an electrical sinkhole to an electrical
source.

Tesla did his experiment in 1899. There weren't any home computers with
delicate chips hooked up to grounds then. If there had been, he'd have fried
everything in Colorado Springs. There was, however, one piece of electrical
equipment grounded at the time of the experiment, the city power generator. It
caught fire and ended Tesla's experiment. The cause of its failure is interesting
as well. It died from "high frequency kickback", something most
electrical engineers know about. Tesla forgot that as the generator fed him
power, he was feeding it high frequency from his Coil. High frequency quickly
heats insulation; a microwave oven works on the same principle. In a few minutes,
the insulation inside that generator grew so hot that the generator caught fire.
When the lights went out all over Colorado Springs, there was the first proof
that Tesla's idea has strategic possibilities.

It gets scarier. Imagine Tesla's Coil, busily pumping an electrical wave in
the Earth. On his side of the planet, he was getting 130 foot sparks, which is a
hell of a lot of voltage and current. And simple wave theory will show you that
those sort of potentials exist on the far side of the planet as well. Remember,
the wave was bouncing back and forth, being reinforced on every trip. The big
question is how focused the opposite electrical pole will be. No one knows. But
it seems probable that the far side of the planet's ground target area could be
subjected to considerable electrical interference. And if computer equipment is
plugged into that ground, faithfully assuming the ground will never be a source
of electricity, it's just too bad for that equipment.

This
sort of electrical interference makes static look tiny by comparison. It doesn't
take much difference in ground potential to kill a computer connected across it.
Lightning strikes cause a temporary flare in ground voltage; I remember replacing
driver chips on a network on all computers that had been caught by one lightning
strike, when I lived in Austin. Imagine the effect on relatively delicate
electronics if someone fires up a Tesla Coil on the far side of the planet, and
subjects the grounds to steep electrical swings. The military applications are
pretty obvious -- those ICBM's in North Dakota, for instance. It's possible they
could be damaged in their silos, and from thousands of miles away. Running two or
more Coils, you don't have to be exactly on the far side of the planet, either.
Interference effects can give you high points where you need with varied tunings.
Maybe, just maybe, the Soviets aren't doing "over the horizon" radar.
Maybe they just bothered to read Tesla's notes. And maybe they are tuning up a
real big surprise with their twin Coils.

"STAR WARS" AND THE TESLA COIL

You've heard of the Strategic Defense Initiative, or "Star Wars".
We're searching for a way to stop a nuclear attack. Right now, we've got all
sorts of high powered research projects, with the emphasis on "new
technology". Excimer laser, kinetic kill techniques, and even more exotic
ideas. As any of you know that have written computer programs, it's darned hard
to get something "new" to work. Maybe it's an error to focus on
"new" exclusively. Wouldn't it be something if the solution to SDI lies
a hundred years ago, in the forgotten brilliance of Nikola Tesla? For right now
we can immobilize the electronics of installations half a planet away. The
technology to do it was achieved in 1899, and promptly forgotten. Remember, we're
not talking vague, unproven theories here. We're talking the world's record for
lightning, and the inventor whose power system lights up your house at night.

THE TESLA COIL WORKS.

All we'd have to do is build it. You might not believe the story about Tesla
in Colorado Springs, and what he did. It's pretty amazing. It has a way of being
forgotten because of that. And I'm not sure you want to hear about the SDI
connection. Still, as you work on a computer, remember Tesla. His Tesla Coil
supplies the high voltage for the picture tube you use. The electricity for your
computer comes from a Tesla design AC generator, is sent through a Tesla
transformer, and gets to your house through 3-phase Tesla power. Tesla's
inventions... they have a way of working..

If you have comments or other information relating to such topics as this
paper covers, please upload to KeelyNet or send to the Vangard Sciences address
as listed on the first page. Thank you for your consideration, interest and
support.