I have been heavily involved with programming throughout my high school career. I've studied two years of Java and have taken two college courses at Milwaukee School of Engineering, which covered C++.

Extracts from this document...

Introduction

IB Extended Essay Java Vs C++ Matthew Stanelle Abstract: I have been heavily involved with programming throughout my high school career. I've studied two years of Java and have taken two college courses at Milwaukee School of Engineering, which covered C++. I have a good background in both languages. Though familiar with the languages, I have analyzed the differences between the two in-depth and clearly stated the advantages Java has over C++. I will explore many various topics and issues regarding both languages, including object-orientation, primitive types, development processes, architecture, and their effectiveness. As you will see, Java has many superior qualities and offers great advances for the computer programming industries in the near future. This new design offers many opportunities. Contents Page: Introduction Page 3 Body Page 3 Object-orientation Page 3 Primitives Page 4 Robust Page 4 Development Process Page 5 Security Page 5 Architecturally Neutral Page 5 Multithreading Page 6 Garbage Collection Page 6 Pointers and Data Structures Page 6 Conclusion Page 7 Bibliography Page 8 Word Count = 3,163 Intro: Java is one of the greatest advancements in the history of computer programming and is derived from C++. Programs written in C++ need to be compiled according to each particular computer chip. Thus, when new chips come out, most software must be recompiled. ...read more.

Middle

All numeric types in Java are signed, whereas they can be signed or unsigned in C++. Boolean data types are primitive requiring them to be true or false, instead of having no explicit Boolean data type in C++. Thus, conditions are either true or false and not represented with integers. Also, Java makes use of 16-bit Unicode characters and C++ uses 8-bit ASCII characters. ROBUST Java is generally more robust than C++ for several reasons. Firstly, references, or handles, are automatically initialized to null. Secondly, those same references are checked before they're accessed and before exceptions are thrown (if any problems occur). Thirdly, accessing arrays out of bounds is impossible. And finally, automatic garbage collection prevents memory leaks. Java emphasizes early error checking to prevent possible problems, dynamic runtime checking, and avoiding erroneous situations; Java creates a robust runtime environment for all of its programs. . Although C++ derived strong compile-time checking from C, it is still's susceptible to its loopholes. Implicit Declaration is one of the main characteristics of C, which causes C++ to be so error prone6. The advantage of this is the elimination of having to worry about corrupting or freeing memory. There are no loopholes in Java that would compare to what you would find with C++, since it eliminates implicit types and function declarations. ...read more.

Conclusion

Although the actual performance is reliant on the operating system, multithreading usually increases the performance. GARBAGE COLLECTION Garbage collection is a technique that, in Java, disposes of objects, which are no longer needed. In the form of a thread, this function watches all references and periodically checks each one to determine if it's still needed. At that point, the garbage collection frees all of the memory allocated for that object. Garbage collection makes programming easier and can eliminate entire classes of errors. This feature was left out of the development of C++ because this would have caused a conflict with C as far as compatibility is concerned. Automatic garbage collection wasn't suitable for many low-level tasks that its intended for in C++. However, there aren't any compatabilty issues with Java. Thus, this feature was incorporated into the language and now, programmers don't have to concern themselves with free blocks of memory, making the language safe and simplistic POINTERS AND DATA STRUCTURES Java lacks pointers and specific data structures, but that's not a bad thing. Unlike C++, several data structures classes can be found in the standard version of Java; contained in the standard class library. Java does not support pointers, or at least Java will not allow the developer to change any address contained in the pointer, nor will it support the use of pointer arithmetic. Unlike Java, C++ supports pointers with dereferencing (* or ->) and with address operators (&) that can lead to potential memory leaks10. ...read more.

Related AS and A Level Computer Science essays

And in its emphasis on small teams, short, iterative development cycles and an avoidance of prolonged requirements gathering up front, it shares many similarities with the extreme programming or agile development methodologies which still remain in vogue. As well as denoting a formal software development methodology, the phrase rapid application

A lot of resources are spent before the first line of code is even written to make sure that the language and IDE we choose will be the most suitable and acceptably reliable, because choosing an "unreliable solution means more money spent in maintenance costs."

Now using the customer ID 5, Parcel ID 19, Destination ID 3 you get the following answer. The price of the parcel is �9.10, which as you can see from the appendix given to us is correct. Update Customer Information I have tested this query by asking for information about

More complex signals consist of an alternating-current (AC) or electromagnetic carrier that contains one or more data streams. Data is superimposed on a carrier current or a wave this is by means of a process called a modulation. Signal modulation can be done by two main ways: analogue and digital.

But how many other methods are needed to make the e-commerce transactions safe? Quite a few, they shall be explained in more detail below. The data protection act This is where information on individuals must be kept completely confidential and can only be used for the intentions it was gathered for.

to customer details as shown below then right click on the picture and select assign macro as shown here>>>>> Step 6 Then once it has opened now I will select the macro I have just made to link it with the button as show below Once macro 1 is found

If the access list is inbound, when the router receives a packet, the Cisco IOS software checks the access list's criteria statements for a match. If the packet is permitted, the software continues to process the packet. If the packet is denied, the software discards the packet.