In this message Dennis includes the specific references that he sent me
several years ago. I wonder who the expert on anhingas is at present. I
still remember that Bud Owre told us so many years ago that the anhingas
DID have a network of veins on the wings so that the blood could absorb
heat. I am also sure that he said that the wing feathers on an anhnga have
a different structure that the body feathers so that they dry very quickly.
Bob Kelley
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Coral Gables, FL
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Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 13:45:38 -0700
To: Robert Kelley <[log in to unmask]>
From: Dennis Paulson <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: [FLBIRDS] cormorants/anhingas "drying their wings"
X-Virus-Scanned: with Hurricane Force
Bob, here's a paragraph from a senior thesis done by a student of mine
who studied wing-spreading in local cormorants.
<fontfamily><param>Times_New_Roman</param><bigger>Hennemann (1984)
found evidence to support the wing-drying hypothesis (WDH) for both
Double-crested and Flightless (<italic>P. harrisi</italic>) cormorants.
He attempted to determine if wing-spreading served a thermoregulatory
role for either of these birds, as it does for the Anhinga
(<italic>Anhinga anhinga</italic>). Hennemann (1982) had found that
Anhingas use wing-spreading to increase their body temperature by
absorbing solar radiation. He did not find a similar use of
wing-spreading in either Double-crested or Flightless cormorants, as
neither bird flattens out to the sun, as Anhingas do. Additionally,
Flightless Cormorants experienced a slight (though not statistically
significant) decrease in body temperature while wing-spreading.
Because both species spread their wings almost exclusively when wet, he
concluded that the function was wing-drying, rather than
thermoregulation.</bigger></fontfamily>
<fontfamily><param>Times_New_Roman</param><bigger>HENNEMANN, W. W.,
III. 1982. Energetics and spread-winged behaviour of Anhingas in
Florida. Condor 84:91-96.
HENNEMANN, W. W., III. 1984. Spread-winged behaviour of
double-crested and flightless cormorants <italic>Phalacrocorax
auritus</italic> and <italic>P. harrisi</italic>: Wing drying or
thermoregulation? Ibis 126:230-239.
HENNEMANN, W. W., III. 1988. Energetics and spread--winged behavior
in anhingas and double-crested cormorants: The risks of
generalization. Am. Zool. 8:845-851.
</bigger></fontfamily>
I hope this adds something to the story.
Dennis
Dennis Paulson, Director phone 253-879-3798
Slater Museum of Natural History fax 253-879-3352
University of Puget Sound e-mail
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1500 N. Warner, #1088
Tacoma, WA 98416-1088
http://www.ups.edu/biology/museum/museum.html
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