Thursday, March 30, 2017

I've written previously about the need to see giftedness as much more than simply
intellectual skills and knowledge that can be established with a narrow
range of intelligence tests. One person who has stretched our understanding in the area of giftedness is Howard Gardner in his work on Multiple Intelligences. While some gifted children demonstrate exceptional
abilities across a wide range of capabilities (e.g. memory, language,
mathematics, problem solving etc), others are gifted in
narrower and more specific ways (e.g. visual arts, music, leadership,
sport etc). In this post I want to focus on what drawing can show us about giftedness. If you are interested in more information on supporting gifted children you can read a previous post HERE which covers some common territory but has additional ideas for older children.

How Drawing Can Demonstrate Giftedness?

Evelyne's 'Horse in a T-Shirt'

A year or so ago, I observed some children using scribbles as part of an improvised drawing game. One made a squiggle and the others tried to turn it into an animal. The first child turned the first scribble into a monster. The squiggler responded, "you can't do a monster, the idea of the game is to draw a real animal, anyone can draw a monster".

He then drew another squiggle. The next child turned it into a horse which in her words was "a horse with a T-Shirt on" (see below). He replied, "but you can't have a horse with a T-shirt on, because they don't wear T-shirts". She replied "well this one does and that's the type of horse I drew with your squiggle".

Let me stress that all three children mentioned in the above example, are gifted in different ways, but two were demonstrating their giftedness in this activity. I should stress that while drawing can be a window on giftedness, it isn't the only way that different children, or even the same child on different occasions, can show their giftedness. But we can learn much from children's drawings that can be a pointer to giftedness?

Ten Things Drawing Can Teach us About Giftedness

Evelyne's drawing and some of the other drawings shared in this post can help us to identify giftedness. What might drawings help us to see?

1. They can show the ability to take a simple task and use it in a novel way, or for different purposes. Evie's drawing shows a preparedness to think outside the box.

2. They also help us to see if a child is able to see the unusual, think in novel ways, and observe possibilities that others don't. The camel drawing below shows this (note its shadow on the ground).

Sketch of 'A Camel & Its Reflection' (Lydia aged 3yrs)

3. It can also demonstrate the willingness of the child to experiment and take risks. These characteristics are evident in many gifted people, e.g. entrepreneurs need these qualities.

4. At the most fundamental level, they can demonstrate the ability to create something original. Not simply a drawing like all other drawings by children of the same age, but something different. For example, ask a 6 years-old to draw a house and you will usually see a hipped roof with chimney, two windows and a central single door.

Above: Child drawing of house (courtesy of 'Childhood Architecture')

5. Drawings can also demonstrate the ability to think abstractly, metaphorically and insightfully, as the child uses drawing to explore thoughts and ideas. Evie's drawing of the T-Shirt wearing horse shows this.

6. As well, drawings can show that a child can generate many solutions and possibilities for the simplest and banal tasks.

7. They can also demonstrate a preparedness to question assumed knowledge or ways of doing things.

Here a 6 yr old positions the pterodactyl above its prey

8. Drawings also offer a window into a more mature (and unusual sense of humour), and a different perspective and view of the world. Their orientation will be unlike that of the average person. The drawing above illustrates just such a different perspective.

9. Drawing can also show a depth of knowledge about a topic that is often required to create a special image. For example, awareness of the anatomical make-up of an animal, or the details of mechanical device can be seen in images that the child generates. As well use of shading to show multiple dimensions, clever use of light and shade and so on, show knowledge of image and design.

10. Finally, drawing can also show how the child's mind leads them to see different things and pay attention to the novel and unusual that is reflected in their drawings. The drawing below by a four year-old shows an image he drew after an outing to an aquarium. He created it as if it was viewed from the perspective of the fish. How did it see his granddad looking at it through the glass?

Jacob (4 years)
draws Grandad from the unusual vantage point of the fish inside the aquarium looking out

Summing Up

Imagination & creativity starts early

All children are capable of demonstrating rich imagination and creativity, but some children demonstrate levels of creativity, insight, imagination and knowledge in drawing that suggests giftedness that is beyond the typical and normal. Drawing can help us to look for this and encourage it. I have many other posts that will help you to see some of the ways that you can encourage bright and gifted children. You can read another one of them HERE.

Thursday, March 9, 2017

This is a new version of a previous post about the value of Shakespeare for children of all ages, even primary school children I had little chance as a child to be introduced to Shakespeare until forced to read it at High
School. What a terrible way to meet some of the world's
greatest literature. English classes boring and seemingly
unrelated to my life. Shakespeare's plays
seemed remote and of little interest. And yet later in life I began to
appreciate and love Shakespeare's work.
I've written previously on this blog about the value of Shakespeare for children of all ages, even primary school children (

Is it
possible to make Shakespeare accessible for children as young as seven
or eight years? Yes, I think it is! A good place to start is either with
an abridged version of the great plays or using some of the wonderful
prose versions of his work. A well-known theatrical company in Sydney has even begun to
present live Shakespeare to primary schools. Bell Shakespeare has set itself the task of introducing primary aged children to
Shakespeare's plays, with a plan to teach Shakespeare's work to children
as young as six.

Twelve of Shakespeare's greatest tales come to life in this entertaining
collection of short, lively stories specially adapted for young
readers. Capturing the vital events and using some of the original
wording, the stories serve as a perfect introduction to Shakespeare for
preteens and as literate refreshers for older folks.

A wonderful collection of twelve stories that the well-known author Edith Nesbit transformed for her own children. Here we have twelve of Shakespeare's most famous plays - tales of kings,
queens, ghosts, and witches. An excellent introduction to the original works suitable for children aged 10+. The collection includes Romeo and
Juliet, Hamlet, King Lear, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, The Merchant
of Venice, The Tempest, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Cymbeline, The Taming
of the Shrew, Pericles, and The Winter's Tale.

Sixty- Minute Shakespeare

I
have no doubt that in classrooms where children learn to love words,
language and narrative, that they will find Shakespeare exciting,
challenging and enriching. There are many resources that will help you.
Recently, I had a look at Cass Foster's abridged versions of
Shakespeare's plays. The 'Sixty-Minute Shakespeare'
series is an
ideal alternative for those who lack the time to tackle the unabridged
versions. Professor
Foster has carefully condensed (without modernizing) the rich
poetic language of each play so that it can be completed in about 60
minutes. The abridged versions offer the excitement of Shakespeare's
tales, as well as the wonderful imagery in the prose and verse.

Each edition also comes with detailed footnotes on nearly every
page explaining the more arcane words and phrases to help the reader
better understand and appreciate each play.
You will also find practical suggestions for staging,
pacing, and thematic exploration very useful. Each script is approximately 70
pages.

This is a remarkable and ambitious work from Nicki Greenberg for high school children. This imaginative and epic 415-page graphic novel will excite many teenage readers. Hamlet has
become an expressive black inkblot whose form changes shape according to
his circumstances and mood. This is not a kid's picture book! Rather,
it is one more attempt to present Shakespeare in new forms. Not just to
make it more accessible (for some might find some other word-only
attempts less challenging) but to tell it afresh.

There is no doubt that Greenberg’s Hamlet
is unique. At 400+ pages it is hardly an easy 'read'. But might it not
help the young uninitiated reader of Shakespeare to see new things? Only readers 13+ will be able to help us to answer this
question.

The language of Shakespeare is given new
emphasis as the play is performed on paper. This is a play 'staged' in a
book as the title suggests. It is a very interesting book but I can't
help but feel that a retelling like Leon Garfield’s Shakespeare Stories
(see below) is not a better way in. It is hardly stuff for the poor reader, but
more likely the gifted who wants to experience Shakespeare with new
depth and relevance. It might just do this for some.

You
don't need a theatre company to help you to introduce Shakespeare to
young children. One of the easiest ways to get young children interested
in Shakespeare's work is to read some of his plays in adapted prose
form. While there are some pretty awful attempts to do this, the
collections written by Leon Garfield
are superb. His first collection 'Shakespeare Stories' was illustrated
by Michael Foreman and published by Gollancz in 1984. It features 12 of
Shakespeare's best-known works, including 'Twelfth Night', 'The Taming
of the Shrew', 'A Midsummer Night's Dream' and 'Macbeth'. Garfield is a
brilliant writer of children's fiction and so if anyone was to tackle
this project, he would surely be the most likely to succeed in
presenting the plays with as much complete dialogue as possible but with
adaptations that make the works more accessible without detracting from
the language, plots and characterisation of each play. This is how
Garfield begins 'A Midsummer Night's Dream':

Hermia,
who was small, dark and perfect, loved Lysander; and Lysander loved
Hermia. What could have been better than that? At the same time, Helena,
who was tall, fair and tearful, loved Demetrius.But Demetrius did not love Helena. Instead he, too, loved Hermia...who did not love him. What could have been worse than that?

Garfield's
adaptations are engaging and faithful to the plays and if read well to
children as young as 7 or 8 will capture their attention. I have used
them with children or varied ages and they love to hear Garfield's
versions of Shakespeare's work and they want to pick them up and read
them. My daughter has also found the Garfield collections wonderful to
use with her children aged 6-10. She has written about this on her own
blog (HERE).

A shorter collection, 'Six Shakespeare Stories' was published by Heinemann in 1994 and 'Six More Shakespeare Stories' in 1996.

Other resources

There are a number of other helpful resources and sites for teachers who want to try Shakespeare with children aged 6-12 years.

'Beautiful Stories from Shakespeare' was written by Edith Nesbit in 1907 and is still available in more recent editions (HERE)

A good BBC resource that offers children a simple introduction to Shakespeare and his work (HERE)

The 'Shakespeare 4 Kidz' site is worth a look. Their tag is "Bringing the world of Shakespeare to the young people of the world" (HERE)

'Shakespeare is Elementary'
is a great little site developed by an elementary school (Crighton
Park) in Novia Scotia Canada. It has some great ideas for getting
started (HERE)

You can buy some scripts adapted for young children but I haven't personally tested them (HERE)

The 'Shakespeare for Kids' site also has some helpful advice for teachers using Shakespeare with primary/elementary school children (HERE)

Rich literacy experiences from the start!

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About Me

I am a Professor of Education at The University of Sydney, Australia. I have spent a large part of my adult life as a teacher, academic, researcher and senior university administrator. My interests are varied, including how children learn language and literacy, the nature and construction of meaning, curriculum, pedagogy, and adult learning.