I’m trans. Do I need birth control?

All pregnancies require 4 things to get going: a uterus, an egg, sperm, and for the egg and sperm to come together.

Do trans people need to use birth control? Well, it all depends. It depends on what equipment you’ve got, what you’re doing with it, who you’re doing it with (and what they’ve got), and whether pregnancy is a goal or not.

Briefly, being transgender (trans for short) is about living in a gender that is different than the sex you were born with. Being cisgender is about having that sex and gender line up. Whether one needs birth control depends on what sex you were born with and what sex your partner was born with.

Transgender folks and cisgender folks come in all shapes and sizes. But people—no matter whether they identify as a transgender man, transgender woman, man, woman, or another identity—are born with only one functioning set of gametes (if any). Gametes are the cells from two different people that come together to make a baby. For humans, gametes come in two types: the sperm type and the egg type. And all pregnancies require at least four things to get going: a uterus, an egg, sperm, and for the egg and sperm to come together.

Trans men

(folks who were assigned female sex at birth and identify on the male gender spectrum)
For those guys who were born with a uterus and ovaries (where eggs are made), if you still have those parts, you can get pregnant. So, if you’re doing someone who has a sperm delivery system (a penis and testicles) you have to think about the possibility that you could get pregnant.

Many, but not all, trans men use testosterone (T). For most, that stops the monthly visit from Aunt Flo. But that doesn’t necessarily mean you can’t get pregnant. Some trans men have gotten pregnant even when they weren’t having their periods and were still taking testosterone. How is that possible? Well, testosterone doesn’t completely stop egg production, so some guys will still release eggs even on T and even without a period. In other words, T isn’t good birth control.

Trans women

(folks who were assigned male at birth and identify on the female gender spectrum)
For those gals who were born with a sperm delivery system (penis and testicles)—if you still have those parts and your partner has a uterus and ovaries, you can get them pregnant. Many trans women think that if they are on estrogen they can’t get another person pregnant, but that’s not true. Though it may be harder to get an erection, make sperm, and ejaculate when you are on estrogen, it’s not impossible.

If you want to have kids and you’ve got sperm, you should talk with your health care provider—ideally before starting estrogen—about saving those spermies for a rainy, pregnancy-desiring kind of day.

Finding good care

If you want to talk to a health care provider about any of these issues and don’t already have one you trust, check out the providers on this list. If you’re in one of the following cities, you can go to a health center that specializes in care for the trans community:

There are also Planned Parenthood clinics—like the ones listed here—that have providers who can help trans folks with general health questions, as well as birth control questions.

Juno Obedin-Maliver is an OB/GYN working at the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and at the University of San Francisco, where she provides full-spectrum gynecological health care. Her main interests are women’s health, the health and wellness of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals, and promoting reproductive rights. She is the co-director of The PRIDE Study, looking at the relationship between being LGBTQ and health. She lives in San Francisco, CA, loves to hike, dreams of getting out of the city for hot springs, but loves staying in the city for the food and fun!

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