<p>An evidence describes the source of an annotation, e.g. an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature, an orthologous protein, a record from another database, etc.</p>
<p><a href="/manual/evidences">More…</a></p>

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Phospholipase D alpha 2

Gene

PLDALPHA2

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)

Status

Reviewed-Annotation score: <p>Annotation score: 5 out of 5</p>
<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome.</p><p><a href='../manual/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Annotation score: 5 out of 5-Experimental evidence at transcript leveli
<p>This indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein. Note that the ‘protein existence’ evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence(s) displayed.</p><p><a href='../manual/protein_existence' target='_top'>More...</a></p>

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Hydrolyzes glycerol-phospholipids at the terminal phosphodiesteric bond. Plays an important role in various cellular processes, including phytohormone action and response to stress, characterized by acidification of the cell.

<p>Describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme, i.e. the chemical reaction it catalyzes. This information usually correlates with the presence of an EC (Enzyme Commission) number in the ‘Names and taxonomy’ section.</p><p><a href='../manual/catalytic_activity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Catalytic activityi

A phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate.

<p>Provides information relevant to cofactors. A cofactor is any non-protein substance required for a protein to be catalytically active. Some cofactors are inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in various oxidation states. Others, such as most vitamins, are organic.</p><p><a href='../manual/cofactor' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cofactori

Ca2+Note: Ca2+ requirement for activity depends on pH. Active either under acidic conditions with micromolar levels of calcium (PIP2-dependent) or at neutral pH with millimolar levels of calcium (PIP2-independent).

Sites

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Actions

<p>Is used for enzymes and indicates the residues directly involved in catalysis.</p><p><a href='../manual/act_site' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Active sitei

<p>Provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.</p><p><a href='../manual/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

<p>Provides an exhaustive list of all names of the protein, from commonly used to obsolete, to allow unambiguous identification of a protein.</p><p><a href='../manual/protein_names' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Protein namesi

<p>Indicates the name(s) of the gene(s) that code for the protein sequence(s) described in the entry. 4 distinct tokens exist: ‘Name’, ‘Synonyms’, ‘Ordered locus names’ and ‘ORF names’.</p><p><a href='../manual/gene_name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Gene namesi

Name:PLDALPHA2

Synonyms:PLD2

Ordered Locus Names:At1g52570

ORF Names:F6D8.21

<p>Provides information on the name(s) of the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.</p><p><a href='../manual/organism-name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Organismi

<p>Shows the unique identifier assigned by the <span class="caps">NCBI</span> to the source organism of the protein. This is known as the ‘taxonomic identifier’ or ‘taxid’.</p><p><a href='../manual/taxonomic_identifier' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Taxonomic identifieri

<p>Contains the taxonomic hierarchical classification lineage of the source organism. It lists the nodes as they appear top-down in the taxonomic tree, with the more general grouping listed first.</p><p><a href='../manual/taxonomic_lineage' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Taxonomic lineagei

<p>Is present for entries that are part of a <a href="/proteomes">proteome</a>, i.e. of a set of proteins thought to be expressed by organisms whose genomes have been completely sequenced.</p><p><a href='../manual/proteomes_manual' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Proteomesi

Note:Found in vacuoles and also associated with plasma, microsomal and mitochondrial membranes and in clathrin-coated vesicles. Not found in chloroplast or nuclei. Activation increases association of preexisting enzyme with membranes. The distribution of this conventional PLD between membrane-associated and soluble fractions varied from organ to organ and is calcium-regulated.

<p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p>
<p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p>
<p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayi

<p>Provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.</p><p><a href='../manual/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

<p>Provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified ‘at the protein level’.</p><p><a href='../manual/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityi

Highly expressed in roots, stems and flowers, moderately in leaves, seedlings and siliques. Not detected in dry seeds.

Gene expression databases

<p>Provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.</p><p><a href='../manual/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

The Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets (BioGrid)<br/><a href='/database/184'>More..</a>BioGridi

<p>Provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.</p><p><a href='../manual/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Domains and Repeats

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Actions

<p>Describes the position and type of a domain, which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three-dimensional structure or fold.</p><p><a href='../manual/domain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domaini

<p>Describes the position and type of a domain, which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three-dimensional structure or fold.</p><p><a href='../manual/domain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domaini

<p>Describes the position and type of a domain, which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three-dimensional structure or fold.</p><p><a href='../manual/domain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domaini

<p>Provides general information on the biological role of a domain. The term ‘domain’ is intended here in its wide acceptation, it may be a structural domain, a transmembrane region or a functional domain. Several domains are described in this subsection.</p><p><a href='../manual/domain_cc' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domaini

C2 domain is a calcium-binding fold, and the binding promotes the protein association with membranes. A lower affinity toward calcium can be anticipated for PLD alpha due to the absence of two potential calcium ligands.

<p>Provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

<p>Displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including length and molecular weight.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequencei

<p>Indicates if the canonical sequence displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusi: Complete.

<p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated
from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.</p>
<p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could
have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen
is extremely low.</p>
<p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case
of multiple genes (paralogs).</p>
<p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64)
using the generator polynomial: x<sup>64</sup> + x<sup>4</sup> + x<sup>3</sup> + x + 1.
The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard.
</p>
<p class="publication">Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.<br />
<strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums</strong><br />
<a href="http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php">Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993)</a>)</p>
Checksum:iF1FA36D8C9CFBCCA

<p>Is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.</p><p><a href='../manual/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

<p>Contains the literature citations that are the sources of data used to annotate the entry. Each reference is numbered and contains several subsections allowing a precise description of a given citation.</p><p><a href='../manual/publications_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Publicationsi

<p>Provides general information on the entry.</p><p><a href='../manual/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>Provides a mnemonic identifier for a UniProtKB entry, but it is not a stable identifier. Each reviewed entry is assigned a unique entry name upon integration into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.</p><p><a href='../manual/entry_name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry namei

PLDA2_ARATH

<p>Provides one or more accession number(s). These are stable identifiers and should be used to cite UniProtKB entries. Upon integration into UniProtKB, each entry is assigned a unique accession number, which is called ‘Primary (citable) accession number’.</p><p><a href='../manual/accession_numbers' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Accessioni

<p>Shows the date of integration of the entry into UniProtKB, the date of the last sequence update and the date of the last annotation modification (‘Last modified’). The version number for both the entry and the sequence are also displayed.</p><p><a href='../manual/entry_history' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry historyi

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

February 21, 2001

Last sequence update:

May 1, 2000

Last modified:

January 7, 2015

This is version 111 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

<p>Indicates whether the entry has been manually annotated and reviewed by UniProtKB curators or not, in other words, if the entry belongs to the Swiss-Prot section of UniProtKB (<strong>reviewed</strong>) or to the computer-annotated TrEMBL section (<strong>unreviewed</strong>).</p><p><a href='../manual/entry_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry statusi