Jan Lechoń, pseudonym of Leszek Serafinowicz (born June 13, 1899, Warsaw, Poland, Russian Empire [now in Poland]—died June 8, 1956, New York, New York, U.S.), poet, editor, diplomat, and political propagandist, considered one of the foremost Polish poets of his generation.

A member of the Skamander group of poets, Lechoń published in 1920 his first mature collection of poems, Karmazynowy pemat (“The Poem in Scarlet”), making himself known in literary circles. Whereas that volume dealt with patriotic themes, Lechoń’s focus changed to lyrical poems in Srebrne i czarne (1924; “Silver and Black”). Lechoń was considered a rising star of new Polish poetry. Overwhelmed by his instant success, he did not publish any more poetry until 1942, when his wartime collection Lutnia po Bekwarku (“Bekwark’s Lute”) appeared, followed by Aria z kurantem (1945; “An Aria with Chimes”).

Appointed to Polish diplomatic service in 1930, Lechoń escaped the Nazi invasion by moving to Brazil, and later on to New York, where he was active in Polish émigré circles, working for Radio Free Europe and other organizations. His book of sketches on American culture, Aut Caesar aut nihil (1955; “Either Caesar or Nothing”), appeared in English translation as American Transformations (1959). Lechoń committed suicide, leaving behind a fascinating document of his loneliness, a three-volume diary (Dziennik, 1967).

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group of young Polish poets who were united in their desire to forge a new poetic language that would accurately reflect the experience of modern life. Founded in Warsaw about 1918, the Skamander group took its name, and the name of its monthly publication, from a river of ancient Troy. The group...