Photos: The rise of social robots

Kismet

Kismet was developed in the late 1990s by Cynthia Breazeal at MIT, and is considered to be the world's first social robot. It was a robotic head that simulated emotion through various facial expressions and movement.

Image: MIT

Leonardo

Named for Leonardo DaVinci, this little robot is a collaboration between animatronics studio Stan Winston Studio and the Personal Robots Group of MIT. The robot was made to better understand human robot interaction and collaboration, and it was completed in 2002. Its creation is credited to Cynthia Breazeal.

Image: MIT

Nexi

Nexi robot is also from MIT, but one of its roles in 2013 was for a social experiment at Northwestern University. The study showed humans are better judges of trustworthiness after they see visible, body language signs of dishonesty -- and robots could be more trustworthy if they use the right kinds of gestures.

Image: Northwestern

TOFU

Disney Animation Studios used animation tools such as “squash and stretch” and “secondary motion” in the 1950s. TOFU, named after, yes, the food product that also has those squashy qualities, was made to explore ways of robotic expression. The eyes are made with OLED displays, allowing for more motion and high dynamics.

Image: MIT

AIDA

AIDA stands for Affective Intelligent Driving Agent. This social robot is out of the Personal Robots Group at MIT and is made for the car of the future. It's a personal driving assistant, and its face is the driver's mobile device. It provides messages and communication with the driver so they can remain hands-free in the car.

Image: MIT

PARLE

This robot, also created by the Personal Robots Group at MIT, is called PARLE, which stands for Personalized Assistive Robot that Learns English. It was made to behave like a curious child, and children interacted really well with it and became more curious about things when they engaged with the robot.

Image: MIT

Zeno

Zeno is a robot that helps engage children with autism. The robot is a collaboration between researchers at the University of Texas, Hanson RoboKind, and several other organizations in Texas. The researchers think Zeno can help them better diagnose and understand autism because some autistic children are more likely to interact with the robot, which is often perceived as less threatening than human interaction.

Image: Robokind

Jibo

Jibo, created by Cynthia Breazeal, is the world's first family robot. It is one of the top five most funded campaigns on Indiegogo, where it raised more than $2.2 million. Jibo has two high-resolution cameras, a 360-degree microphone and AI that learns your lifestyle and adapts to it.

Image: Jibo

Romibo

Romibo is a social robot designed for education and autism research. This little teaching companion was made to help lower anxiety, increase interaction, engage kids, and help them work on social skills. The robot is controlled with an iPad, and it can connect to the internet to download and share stories.

Image: Origami Robotics

NAO

NAO is a robot developed by scientists at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore that dances, tells stories, and is also aimed at helping kids with autism express their feelings. The National University of Singapore is also working to create a nanny robot that is supposed to act as a caregiver for children.

Image: Aldebaran

Kismet

Kismet was developed in the late 1990s by Cynthia Breazeal at MIT, and is considered to be the world's first social robot. It was a robotic head that simulated emotion through various facial expressions and movement.