Anode Rod-Sorry--Long

I read all of the threads regarding Anode rods, one of which said the softener did not have an effect on, but I must disagree....

I have a serious problem with my State gas HWH. About a year ago I had a water softener installed, then about 4 months later, I discovered brown water coming out of the hot side, especially in bathrooms, ie..tubs and sinks not used on regular basis. ( I did check them at least every week or so to be sure there was not brown in the lines and all appeared ok for a while)

I had a plumber come out and after extensive charges, he finally called the manuf and they said to check the adode rod, which was totally eaten up in both units. He was told to replace with a zinc type which would not have a chemical reaction to the water softerner.

Well, now four months later, here I am with the same problem again, noticed the brown water coming out of the hot side again.

I don't know at this point whether it's my gas HWH's that are causing the problem or if my softner is causing the problem. Since it takes about 4 months to show up, I hate bypassing the softner, plus now I've got to drain and redrain and redrain the tanks, which also ran up my water bill to $300 last time.

I guess I'm answering my on ?, but I guess I need to start with having the rods pulled to see how bad a shape they're in.

Is there any way the softner can be hooked up backwards or missing a part?

This from another web site, where they sell anode rods; the last paragraph may apply. I don't know how to change a softener to prevent "over softening" but I'm sure someone else here can offer some advice:

Recognize that the condition of your water is also a major factor and the quality of the water heater lining are two other factors in the life span of your water heater.
Anode rods that come installed with water heaters generally will be made of magnesium or aluminum that is wrapped around a steel core wire.
Water heater anode rods are generally screwed into the top of the tank.
Therefore, they are physically connected to the steel of the tank creating an electrochemical reaction, similar to that of a battery. The anode intentionally corrodes and the steel hopefully will remain intact. That is the theory of the anode rod.
When there's no sacrificial metal left on the anode, the tank can rust out.
Anode rods generally last about five years but it really depends mostly on the quality of your water and how much water travels through your water heater.
When salt is added to the water (such as when a water softener is used), anode rods can corrode more quickly. Water softeners can help reduce sediment, but anodes can corrode in as little as six months if the water is over-softened.

Water is either soft or hard. In residential applications, soft is 0 gpg hardness and hard is 1 or more gpg hardness, so there is no such thing as "over softened".

TDS, total dissolved solids, the things that allow water to conduct electricity, is not changed by ion exchange softening. So softened water will not conduct more electrical current than hard water.

The sodium added by a softener may rust the exposed parts of the supposedly glass lined mild steel tank (that is supposed to prevent that), and that probably is where your brown water is coming from. It's called rust and whatever the corroded anode rod adds to the water if anything. Which is probably iron (rust) if the core is steel and water can get to it. BTW, most water contains some sodium naturally.

You may have a bad ground on either the water heater or the electrical system of the house.

Are you sure your water is 0-1 gpg and 0ppm iron when the problem occurs? If not the softener is not be working correctly and that could cause the problem.

If the unit is using too much salt, then the excess is just going down the drain. When brine goes through the resin it exchanges the sodium ion with the calcium one in the resin. If there is not enough salt, then some resin is not treated so it does not contribute to the softening process, but all that might do is allow some untreated water to pass through the softener. Some softener units have an adjustable bypass port that allows the user to select how much unsoftened water they want to mix with the soft water.

Well, like I said (concerning residential softening), water is either hard or soft. Although man or his machines can not remove all hardness from water. The best we can do is IIRC 18 megohm DI water. That means the water is so low on things in the water TDS (total dissolved solids) that conduct electric current that the water is an insulator, or 18 meg resistor, to the flow of an electrical current. It is the stuff dissolved into water that conducts electricity; just H2O alone does not.

Usually a softener isn't justified unless there is 3 gpg or more hardness in the water but, if you have a softener it should remove all the gpg of hadness or it is not sized or set up correctly.

When you say 14 parts, do you mean ppm (mg/l is the same measurement)?

If so, there is no way to maintain 14 ppm of hardness in someone's cold water feed to any type water heater.

BUT, 14 ppm is less than the 17.1 ppm, or mg/l, it takes to make 1 gpg and thereby that water would be 0 gpg hard. And they can't mean 14 gpg! That will scale shut a tankless water heater in a short time, which voids warranties on most of them.

You say 14 lb and 45k, which can't be or happen. A 45k softener is a 1.5 cuft softener and to get 45k you have to use the maximum salt dose of 22.5 lbs (15 lbs/cuft) [2000 grains/lb salt efficientcy; 45000/22.5=2000], or you don't get the maximum capacity of 45k. 14 lbs actually only regenerates 39k (2785 grains/lb). So... the softener will be allowing excessive leakage; hardness over 1 gpg and usually more than 2-4 gpg while running out of soft water between regenerations AND then the customer isn't getting what they paid for or the full value of feeding the thing all that salt. That's pretty poor salt efficiency.

Sea/salt water doesn't cause slick slimey, so why would sodium in softened water?

I say it is caused by clean skin pores allowing the natural oils in our skin to the surface.... where hard water plugs the pores and causes very dry itchy scaly skin (due to no natural oils on the skin).

Then SHE slathers facial creams and baby oil all over her while taking bubble baths with oil on'n on and you complain how much money all that and the defoliate treatments cost... It's easier feeding a softener a bit of salt and keeping the time of day set correctly on it. lol

Plus, it takes 21 days to make or break a good or bad habit, so tell them the benefits and to get used to it and enjoy how clean and healthy their skin is with softened water. Which is no lie. BTW, hair is shinny silky smooth in softened water and dry, brittle and dull after being in sea water.

Water with zero mineral content feels a little "slimy" because it seems harder to rinse the soap. On submarines, we of course had distilled water from an evap. unit....no minerals. Tasted funny and hard to rinse off the soap.

Your softener's capacity can only be what the salt dose provides. Set the salt dose at max per cuft (15 lbs * 1.5cuft= 22.5 lbs) and you get 45k capacity.

Set it at 14 lbs and you get 39K. Set it at 13 lbs and you 36K. Now each of those salt settings and K of capacity provides a certain salt efficiency. 6 lbs/cuft is 9 lbs in a 1.5 cuft softener and you get 30K; so divide the 30K by the 9 lbs and you see that you are getting 3333 grains/lb. 39000/14=2785/lb. 3333-2785=548 less grains/lb. If my customer needs 39K, I use a 2 cuft set at 11.5 lbs and 39K. Which gives them a higher SFR gpm than a 1.5 cuft also; which provides my customer with 0 gpg soft water at all times.

When your customer calls and then you reduce the salt, that reduces the capacity and that reduces the length of time or gallons between regenerations BUT it also increases the leakage (amount of hardness left) in the softened water. Which stops the silky soft'n smooth slippery feeling. But, leakage is supposed to be no more than 1 gpg. In essence the customer then has the expense of purchase, operation and eventual maintenance yet still has hard water...

It is also why when I ask people "how has your old softener worked?", they tell me, "ya know, it never did give me soft water all the time".