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4.
Output Development of emissions database and life cycle analysis (LCA) & mitigation potentials and costs Global economic analysis of mitigation policy options Analysis of potential of different practices/technologies/ investments to enhance food security, adaptive capacity and mitigation benefits Technical support to UNFCCC negotiations and capacity building of developing countries Establishment of communities of practice Development of 5 smallholder pilot projects

5.
Background Foundation is a 5 year multi-donor trust fund, 2010-2014 , 10 million US$ 3.8 million US$ for 2 years by Finland 3 million for three years from Norway for emission statistics Involvement of different technical departments of FAO

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2. AG mitigation basics the aim of agriculture is to produce food and other necessities and livelihoods the demand of food will increase some 70 % by 2050 GHG are emitted in natural production processes

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Basics the main goal of agriculture is never to mitigate climate change a major challenge to adapt to weather variability and in longer term changing climate a very large mitigation potential which should be tapped – requires adaptation to cc

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We need to transform agricultural production systems so that they are more productive, resilient and minimize their net emissions per produced units = climate smart agriculture

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We need climate smart agriculture technical knowledge exists for increased productivity, resilience and reduction of net emissions we need incorporation of cc issues in agricultural policies we need a lot more investments in agriculture – BUT to climate smart agriculture

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Financing for mitigation -Thequestion: How could  What kind of agriculture tap mechanisms would existing financing support integration mechanisms? of mitigation considerations into small scale farming?

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Specific for soil-carbonsequestration carbon sequestration is a long process, the results come gradually- a saturation point the impetus for continuing practices that sequestrate must come from improved productivity

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Climate financing for agriculture climate financing which support transformation to climate smart agriculture specific funds designed for agriculture and based on the logic of farming investment support to transform practices and tide farmers over a period of reduced output credit systems, support for research, extension etc. creative combination of different financing sources

15.
What about carbon markets andsmall farmers – what could work? practice based approach – monitor practices, which are transformed to emission factors aggregation mechanisms key for management of transaction costs (down) we are talking about contracts

17.
MRV- Emission factors withpractice based packages emission factor is based on practice package, soil type, agro-ecological zone and land use history for ex. a package might include for coffeeleguminous shade trees, mulching, fertilizer use instructions or compost different tools have been developed like cool farm tool, for monitoring purposes the packages must be well defined

18.
How do we establish the emissionfactors we need better data on emissions from different farming practices we need long term research sites with careful measurements (USA OK, Africa not) we need databases for storing the information systematically(regional) we need development of practice packages (LCA)

23.
Buyer perspective a ‘coffee company’ can establish a brand – better price can sell the carbon in off-set or voluntary markets off-set its own emissions credit institutions can have public or private funding as capital , can also sell the carbon donors can create a climate smart “conditionality”

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5. Conclusions  agriculture is part of the problem and the solution to climate change  climate change and food security must be addressed together –adaptation and mitigation are linked  investments to agriculture must be climate smart.  better data on emissions based on farming practices must be produced

25.
KNOWLEDGE GAPS 1  Lack of statistics and analysis on emissions and mitigation potential  What kind of financing systems will enable climate smart agriculture?  What is needed to increase mitigation and adaptation financing links to agricultural systems?

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KNOWLEDGE GAPS 2 How can REDD systems be designed to be compatible with country dev. objectives/ capacity? What are the changes in cropping, livestock, forestry and fishery systems and policies needed for adaptation? What are the implications for mitigation of changes to achieve food security from agricultural systems?

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KNOWLEDGE GAPS 3 Where are synergies between food security, adaptation and mitigation in smallholder agriculture? What institutions and policies are needed at international, national and local levels to capture potential synergies?