Immigration

This Practice Note presents business immigration fundamentals from an employer's perspective. It provides information on how employers can identify workers who need sponsorship, the basic processes required to sponsor foreign workers for immigration benefits, and what employers should consider when planning to meet short- and long-term immigration goals for specific workers.

A Note providing an overview of the federal laws prohibiting discrimination, including Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) and others. This Note addresses federal law. For information on state law requirements, see the State Q&A Tools under Related Content.

This Practice Note provides an overview of the numerous employment laws and human resources issues facing startups, entrepreneurs, and expanding businesses. It addresses employment-related filing and reporting requirements, offer letters and employment contracts, hiring and payroll considerations, including special considerations for founders and management executives, restricted covenants, and recommended workplace policies. This Note applies to private companies and is jurisdiction neutral, but highlights areas where state and local issues commonly arise.

A Chart summarizing extraterritorial coverage under the major federal employment laws applicable to private employers, including statutory and case authority where applicable. Statutes covered include Title VII, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), and more.

This Practice Note addresses immigration concepts for employing foreign nationals in the US. The Note provides information on the US immigration system and an overview of nonimmigrant and immigrant visa classifications that may be used by employers.

A Practice Note describing PERM labor certification fundamentals. PERM is the first step in many employer-sponsored green card (permanent residence) processes. This Note identifies the key concepts that employers must understand before preparing and filing PERM applications, and the major milestones of the process.

A table of key Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals (BALCA) cases on PERM labor certification, including prevailing wage determinations. The decisions are organized by topic. The table includes a link to each case and a summary of the holding.

An at-a-glance Chart listing the states with employment eligibility verification and immigration enforcement laws. This Chart is limited to states that have passed laws requiring all or some employers, private or public, to conduct verification of newly hired employees. It outlines which states require each type of employer to conduct verification and whether the state requires use of E-Verify or allows for an alternative form of verification.

This Practice Note provides an overview of the numerous employment laws and human resources issues facing startups, entrepreneurs, and expanding businesses in California. It addresses employment-related filing and reporting requirements, offer letters and employment contracts, hiring and payroll considerations, including special considerations for founders and management executives, restricted covenants, and recommended workplace policies. This Note applies to private companies new to California, and includes federal and state law.

A Note on overseas (or expatriate) employment and the best practices for US companies to follow when establishing and maintaining employee relationships. This Note addresses federal law, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, as well as practical considerations.

A Practice Note describing discretionary deferred action for childhood arrivals offered by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to young undocumented immigrants. This Note provides an explanation of deferred action, the eligibility criteria and the application and renewal procedures.

A Practice Note discussing employers' legal obligations under IRCA to document employees' eligibility to work in the US and prohibitions against hiring, or recruiting or referring (for a fee) employees who are not authorized to work in the US. The Note highlights best practices for Form I-9 processing and addresses how employers can handle Social Security no-match letters and increased immigration enforcement.

This Practice Note describes provisions employers should consider in drafting an employment eligibility verification compliance policy. It covers the primary topic areas employers should think about before finalizing a policy, including how to complete and maintain Forms I-9, E-Verify, Social Security no-match, and immigration sponsorship.

A Practice Note discussing employer enrollment and participation in E-Verify as part of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) Form I-9 employment eligibility verification process. This Note also provides best practices for employers considering E-Verify participation. This Note addresses federal law.

A Practice Note describing employer obligations under state immigration laws in the US. This Note outlines the basic parameters developed in state immigration laws and identifies the steps employers should take to comply with these laws.

This Practice Note describes the process for employer-sponsored nonimmigrant visa petitions in the US, filed on US Citizenship and Immigration Services' (USCIS) Form I-129. The Note includes information and tips on preparing a petition, including documents to support the petition, paying fees, and filing the petition with USCIS.

This Practice Note describes the process for employment-based immigrant visa (green card) petitions in the US, filed on USCIS's Form I-140 or Form I-360. The Note includes information and tips on preparing the petition, including documents to support the petition, paying fees, and filing the petition with the USCIS.

This Practice Note addresses the extraterritorial application of the major federal employment laws to US employees working overseas and foreign employees working in the US. It covers the relevant statutory provisions, developing case law, and defenses available to employers faced with US laws that conflict with laws in the workplace country. This Practice Note covers federal law and applies to private employers. The local laws in any jurisdiction where a business employs workers may impose different or additional requirements.

This Practice Note describes worksite enforcement of the Immigration Reform and Control Act's (IRCA's) employment eligibility verification requirements through the Form I-9 audit process by US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The Note covers how an I-9 audit is initiated, which agencies may inspect I-9 Forms, what the audit process involves, and what sanctions ICE may impose.

A Practice Note describing United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) site visits, benefit fraud assessments, and immigration benefits compliance reviews. This Note reviews the role of the USCIS Fraud Detection and National Security (FDNS) unit performing site visits regarding employment-based petitions and related applications, including the R-1, L-1, and H-1B nonimmigrant visa classifications.

A Practice Note describing mandatory E-Verify enrollment by federal contractors and subcontractors under the Federal Acquisition Rule (FAR). This Note describes which employers are covered by the FAR E-Verify rule, how employers comply with the rule, and what options are available for verifying existing employees. This Note presents best practices for employers to comply with the FAR E-Verify rule. This Note addresses federal law.

A brief description of naturalization eligibility requirements. Naturalization is the process by which most foreign nationals acquire US citizenship. The Guide includes basic information about the eligibility requirements for naturalization, the steps of the naturalization process, and the rights and obligations of naturalized US citizens.

A Practice Note describing electronic Form I-9 completion, storage, and retention. This Practice Note reviews the advantages and disadvantages of electronic Form I-9 systems and highlights key issues to consider when evaluating whether to employ an electronic Form I-9 system.

A Practice Note describing key securities laws, including the Securities Act, the Securities Exchange Act, the Investment Company Act, and the Investment Advisers Act, in raising capital under the EB-5 immigrant investor visa program. This Note discusses legal requirements for raising capital to satisfy securities laws and provides a compliance roadmap for participants in an EB-5 immigrant investor program.

This Practice Note describes legal considerations and best practices for employers with remote employees. It addresses the main risks and responsibilities for employers to consider when employing a remote workforce, including telecommuting as an accommodation under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), timekeeping and compensable time under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), health and safety issues, information security, use of electronic signatures, and more. It also discusses ways to handle challenges with onboarding and other aspects of managing the employment relationship, including fulfilling employers' obligations under the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), training, workplace postings, and performance management. This Note addresses federal law.

A Note on legal issues to consider when drafting or reviewing secondments in the expatriate context. This Note is based on federal law and focuses on US-based employers sending American employees overseas to work.

A Practice Note discussing the multinational executive or manager immigrant visa classification, used by employers to sponsor foreign nationals from a related entity abroad for a green card to work permanently in the US as an executive or manager. This Note describes how a foreign worker can qualify for the multinational executive or manager category, the petition process, and how the foreign worker acquires lawful permanent resident (LPR) status in this category.

A Practice Note about the H-1B nonimmigrant visa classification, used by employers to sponsor foreign nationals to work in the US. This Note describes how a foreign worker can qualify for the H-1B classification, how an employer obtains a Labor Condition Application (LCA), the H-1B petition process, and how the foreign worker acquires lawful H-1B status.

A brief description of the H-2B nonimmigrant visa classification, used by employers to sponsor foreign nationals to work in the US in temporary or seasonal nonagricultural work. The Guide discusses H-2B eligibility requirements, including the employer's obligation to test the US labor market and obtain a temporary labor certification, and legal developments.

A Practice Note discussing the L-1 nonimmigrant visa classification, used by employers to transfer foreign nationals from a related entity abroad to work in the US. This Note describes how a foreign worker can qualify for the L-1A executive or manager or L-1B specialized knowledge classification, how an employer obtains L Blanket certification, the L-1 petition and blanket application process, and how the foreign worker acquires lawful L-1 status.

A Practice Note about the Trade NAFTA (TN) nonimmigrant visa classification, used by employers to sponsor foreign nationals who are citizens of Canada or Mexico to work in the US. This Note describes how a foreign worker can qualify for the TN classification, the TN petition process, and how the foreign worker acquires lawful TN status.

This Practice Note discusses the US immigration inspections process and describes the principal challenges that foreign business travelers may encounter when seeking admission and entering the US from abroad. This Note provides best practices for entry and admission to the US.

A Practice Note describing the issues in third-party worksite placement for H-1B or L-1B workers. This Note provides tips for employers and presents the legal requirements for employers to sponsor H-1B or L-1B workers that will work at third-party worksites.

This Standard Document is a form of letter to be used by a non-traveling parent or legal guardian to authorize the international travel of a minor child. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

A model L-1 Blanket petition support letter. This letter is used by employers to request certification for an L Blanket by US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). L Blanket certification grants employers continuing approval of the petitioning organization and some or all of its parent, branches, subsidiaries, and affiliates as qualifying entities for L-1 petition purposes. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

An employment eligibility verification compliance policy for an employer to adopt to govern its obligations under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA). This policy addresses issues related to IRCA's Form I-9 process, E-Verify, Social Security no-match, immigration sponsorship, and avoiding national origin and citizenship discrimination in recruitment, hiring, and termination. This Standard Document applies only to private workplaces. It is based on federal law. State or local law may impose additional or different requirements but this document will be useful and relevant to employers in every state. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

A sample cross-border secondment letter to be used in the expatriate context when a US employee is temporarily assigned to work abroad while remaining employed by the original (actual) employer. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

A model Form I-140 support letter for a multinational executive or manager under the employment-based first preference category (EB-13). This letter is used by employers to support Form I-140 immigrant visa petitions to the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

A Standard Document for employers to use to provide instructions to remote employees and agents for the proper completion of the employment eligibility verification Form I-9 Sections 1, 2, or 3 for the employer's remote employees. This Standard Document is based on federal law. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

This PowerPoint presentation can be used by counsel to train human resources personnel and other company employees on how to properly complete and store Form I-9 and reverify expiring employment authorization. It also provides a basic overview of E-Verify.

A model H-1B petition support letter. This letter is used by employers to support H-1B nonimmigrant visa petitions to the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

An immigration sponsorship policy for an employer to adopt to manage its immigration sponsorship activities in the US. This Standard Document applies only to private workplaces. It is based on federal law. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

A template invitation letter for US companies to use for foreign business visitors. This letter may be addressed to either a US embassy or consulate (in support of a visa application) or US Customs and Border Protection immigration inspections (in support of an admission request). This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

A model L-1A multinational manager or executive petition or L Blanket application support letter. This letter is used by employers to support L-1A nonimmigrant visa petitions to the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), L Blanket applications to a US consular official, or a USCIS petition or L Blanket application by a Canadian citizen to an immigration inspector at a port of entry. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

A model L-1B specialized knowledge worker petition or L Blanket application support letter. This letter is used by employers to support L-1B nonimmigrant visa petitions to US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), L Blanket applications to a US consular official or a USCIS petition or L Blanket application by a Canadian citizen to an immigration inspector at a port of entry. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

A model Standard Document to be used by employers to satisfy Labor Condition Application (LCA) Public Access File (PAF) requirements for an actual wage statement. The LCA is the preliminary step in an employer's H-1B visa petition. This Standard Document has an integrated note with important explanations and drafting tips.

A model Standard Document to be used by employers to satisfy Labor Condition Application (LCA) Public Access File (PAF) requirements for a statement of benefits. The LCA is the preliminary step in an employer's H-1B visa petition. This Standard Document has an integrated note with important explanations and drafting tips.

A model Standard Document to be used by employers as a Labor Condition Application (LCA) Public Access File (PAF) cover sheet and PAF document list. The LCA is the preliminary step in an employer's H-1B visa petition. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

A model document to be used by employers for Labor Condition Application (LCA) Public Access File (PAF) notice confirmation. The LCA is the preliminary step in an employer's H-1B visa petition. This Standard Document has an integrated note with important explanations and drafting tips.

A model document to be used by employers to satisfy the Labor Condition Application (LCA) notice requirement and Public Access File (PAF) document retention requirement. This Document includes a sampled embedded notice confirmation. The LCA is the preliminary step in an employer's H-1B petition. This Standard Document has an integrated note with important explanations and drafting tips.

A model Standard Document to be used by employers to satisfy Labor Condition Application (LCA) Public Access File (PAF) requirements for a wage rate statement. The LCA is the preliminary step in an employer's H-1B visa petition. This Standard Document has an integrated note with important explanations and drafting tips.

A model Standard Document to be used by employers to satisfy the Labor Condition Application (LCA) corporate reorganization and Public Access File (PAF) document retention requirements. The LCA is the preliminary step in an employer's H-1B petition. This Standard Document has an integrated note with important explanations and drafting tips.

A worksheet for naturalization applicants to use for recording travel outside the US. This worksheet may be used both to gather information for preparing the naturalization application and as a supplementary addendum to the naturalization application for trips that are more numerous than can be accounted for on the actual application form. This Standard Document includes an integrated drafting note with important explanations.

A model O-1 or O-2 nonimmigrant visa petition support letter. This letter is used by employers to support petitions to US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) for O-1 individuals of extraordinary ability in the sciences, education, business, athletics, or the arts, or individuals of extraordinary achievement in motion pictures or television, or O-2 essential support personnel for an artistic or athletic endeavor. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

A model document for employers preparing PERM labor certification applications to use to map out the completion and documentation of each step of the PERM process. This Document presents a table for employers to enter critical information about the PERM recruitment steps, business necessity explanations and evidence of a genuine job opportunity if needed. The completed table presents employers with a snapshot of the steps taken to prepare the PERM labor certification.

A Worksheet for employers to use to structure a permanent labor certification program (PERM) sponsorship, develop the recruitment campaign, incorporate Form ETA-9089 information, and verify a foreign worker's qualifications. This Standard Document includes an integrated drafting note with important explanations.

A sample Trade-NAFTA (TN) petition or application support letter. This letter is used by employers to support TN nonimmigrant visa petitions to the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) or applications to a US consular official in Mexico or an immigration inspector at a port of entry. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

A model reference letter for an outstanding professor or researcher or individual of extraordinary ability or achievement. This letter may be used by third parties providing references for a foreign worker seeking O-1 (individual of extraordinary ability or achievement) nonimmigrant visa status or lawful permanent resident (LPR) status under the EB-11 (individual of extraordinary ability) or EB-12 (outstanding professor or researcher) immigrant visa classifications. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

A Checklist describing the Form I-9 completion process for employers. This Checklist includes tips on what employers must or should do during the Form I-9 process, including initial completion, reverification, and storage.

A Chart describing the basic criteria for various nonimmigrant and immigrant visa categories for foreign workers with superlative credentials. These categories require foreign workers to prove that either they, or their work, are extraordinary, exceptional, outstanding, distinguished, or internationally recognized.

A Chart comparing features of E-Verify as applied to federal contractors versus all other enrolled employers. Federal contractors, required to enroll and use E-Verify as a term of their contract with the federal government, have rights and obligations that may differ from all other users.

A Chart of critical timeframes for employers that use E-Verify. This Chart provides the timeframes that are required for all employers enrolled in E-Verify, and includes specific guidelines for federal contractors.

A Checklist summarizing who is subject to the H-1B cap, alternative visa classifications for employees who require immigration sponsorship to work in the US, and how employers can plan in advance for immigration sponsorship. This resource points employers towards visa classifications other than the H-1B based on characteristics of the worker or the job.

A Chart describing the major actions and required timeframes for action in the Form I-9 and E-Verify processes. The Form I-9 is required for all employers under The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, and E-Verify is mandatory for some employers and voluntary for others.

A Checklist of issues for startups, entrepreneurs, and expanding businesses to consider as they hire their first employees and grow their workforce. This Checklist provides a roadmap to help businesses navigate the numerous federal employment laws and human resources issues facing new and growing employers, including tax reporting and notice requirements, immigration compliance, insurance, employment and independent contractor relationships, and workplace policies and practices. This Checklist applies to private companies and addresses federal law, but highlights areas where state and local issues commonly arise.

A Chart showing the different ways that expatriate postings may be structured, including secondments, localizations and transfers, the expatriate and dual employment contracts, with issues to consider with each type of assingment structure.

This Checklist outlines Form I-9 audit preparation and response best practices for employers when faced with a possible or actual Notice of Inspection from US Immigration and Customs and Enforcement (ICE) to verify compliance with the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA). In particular, this Checklist outlines the steps employers should take to prepare for the audit and the questions they should consider for the audit resolution.

This Chart outlines the inadmissibility grounds to the US, barring US visa issuance or admission. This Chart also includes the available waivers to overcome the grounds of inadmissibility for both nonimmigrant and immigrant visa issuance or admission under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).

A Checklist to assist employers processing H-1B petitions for employees and applicants. This resource lists the issues that employers should consider, the questions they should ask and the documents and information they should gather when preparing and filing an H-1B petition.

A Checklist of key issues for employers to consider when hiring foreign national workers requiring immigration sponsorship. This Checklist helps employers identify the information and documents they need to strategize and prepare immigration sponsorship.

A Chart of Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) violations, possible employer remediation of certain Form I-9 failures, and how employer liability is assessed under IRCA. Employers performing regular self-audits of their Forms I-9 may reduce their exposure to liability by correcting certain errors in their employment eligibility verification program. This Chart gives an overview of IRCA violation types, how errors may be corrected, and if remediation may excuse or reduce liability if the employer is subjected to a formal Form I-9 investigation.

This Chart compares the authority and scope of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and Office of Special Counsel for Immigration-Related Unfair Employment Practices (OSC) in enforcing immigration-related discrimination. The Chart highlights the categories of covered employers, covered employees, and prohibited conduct, and describes the available relief.

A Checklist to assist employers processing L-1A or L-1B petitions for employees and blanket applicants. This resource lists the issues that employers should consider, the questions they should ask and the documents and information they should gather when preparing and filing an L-1 petition or preparing an L-1 blanket application for presentation at an embassy or consulate.

A Checklist of key issues to help employers comply with Labor Condition Application (LCA) obligations. Employers must obtain LCAs to sponsor workers for the H-1B, H-1B1 and E-3 nonimmigrant visa statuses. To obtain an LCA certification, employers must make attestations about wages and working conditions for foreign and US workers, and must maintain a Public Access File (PAF).

A Checklist to assist applicants and counsel processing a naturalization application. This Checklist lists the information and documents to collect when evaluating or preparing a naturalization application for a foreign national.

A Checklist to assist employers processing O-1 petitions for employees and support personnel. This Checklist contains the issues that employers should consider, the questions they should ask, and the documents and information they should gather when preparing and filing an O-1 petition.

A Checklist outlining key legal considerations and best practices for employers with remote employees. This Checklist describes the steps employers should take and legal requirements to consider when employing a remote workforce, including telecommuting policies, electronic signatures, Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) compliance, accommodation requests under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), health and safety issues, workplace posters, information security, and more. This Checklist discusses federal requirements but is also useful for evaluating state law considerations.

A Checklist of issues to consider when reviewing or drafting secondment agreements for expatriates. This Checklist is based on federal law and focuses on US-based employers sending American employees overseas to work.

A Chart of statutes of limitations under major federal labor and employment laws, including Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (Title VII), the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), the Equal Pay Act (EPA), the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA), Section 1981 of the Civil Rights Act (Section 1981), and others.

A Checklist to assist employers processing Trade NAFTA (TN) petitions or applications for employees and applicants. This resource lists the issues that employers should consider, the questions they should ask, and the documents and information they should gather when preparing and filing a TN petition or application.

A Checklist of immigration matters to consider when terminating a sponsored foreign employee. This Checklist addresses the critical issues and action items that employers should consider when a foreign worker is being terminated. It also highlights the termination's impact on the employee's immigration status.

A Checklist of US nonimmigrant visa application best practices. This resource provides tips on how an applicant for a US nonimmigrant visa can determine if a visa is required, where they may apply for the visa, and how to prepare for the visa application process.

A Chart listing the posters that Illinois employers must have in the workplace, including any poster location requirements, whether a notice must be posted in other languages and where the required posters may be obtained.

This table is part of the Employee Share Plans Global Guide, which deals with cross-border issues and answers questions on law and practice relating to employee share plans in key jurisdictions. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide. This table sets out a summary of the key information concerning the tax treatment of employee share acquisition or purchase plans in several jurisdictions covered in the country Q&A section. Please note that the law stated date for each jurisdiction may differ. Click on each jurisdiction to see full answers and check the law stated date.

An Expert Q&A with James Davies of Lewis Silkin regarding how the Brexit vote impacts US employers. On June 23, 2016, the UK voted to leave the EU. Practical Law's US Labor & Employment team reached out to Mr. Davies to better understand specific implications for US employers.

Guidance for employers on employee travel, including use of a company car, when travel is compensable working time under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and state wage and hour laws, employee health and safety while traveling, and more.

Search the Country Q&A in the Business Immigration Global Guide by question and jurisdiction. Step 1: Check the boxes to select the questions and the jurisdictions for comparison. Step 2: Click the "submit" button. Step 3: Scroll down to view answers and check law stated dates for each jurisdiction. Please note that this project is updated on an ongoing basis, so the Q&A tool will not include all available jurisdictions in this subject area.

On October 15, 2015, Practical Law and Jackson Lewis P.C. presented Fasten Your Seatbelts: All About E-Verify and Other Updates, a webinar that addressed what employers and their counsel need to know about the E-Verify program. The webinar featured an overview of the E-Verify program, best practices for employers enrolled in E-Verify to avoid exposure to Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) anti-discrimination or Form I-9 violations, and much more.You can access the recorded webinar here.Click here to download webinar slides.

This article considers the Supreme Court of Canada's decision in three landmark labour cases, the role of international labour law in these decisions, and unfolding developments within the International Labour Organization that call into question the Court's analysis in this regard. This article is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

This article considers employee representative organisations in the EU, including an analysis of trade unions, works councils, and the relative importance of these organisations in the 27 member states; participation rights in the EU member states, summarising information, consultation and co-determination rights; and employee representation and co-determination rights in selected states (including Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom). This article is part of the Global Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits law. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and the US Department of State announced revised procedures for determining immigrant visa availability for both employment-based and family-based immigrant visas.

This article sets out the main issues to consider when conducting labour litigation in the UAE Labour Court. In particular, it outlines important considerations in relation to the litigation process, evidentiary issues, and costs and judgments, and provides a timetable of proceedings. This article is part of the Global Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

This article briefly outlines key issues in the UAE concerning payment of remuneration, authorised salary deductions and the wages protection system (WPS). This article is part of the Global Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

An Article discussing Juarez v. Northwestern Mutual Insurance Co., in which the US District Court for the Southern District of New York found that an employer's policy of hiring only US citizens and lawful permanent residents violates Section 1981 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 (Section 1981). If sustained, employers may be prohibited from not hiring workers with employment authorization documents (EADs) because of the temporary and short term nature of those documents. These policies are permitted under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA).

On December 5, 2014, Practical Law and Jackson Lewis P.C. presented Beware of ICE Build-up: A Review of the ICE Worksite Enforcement Strategy, a webinar that uncovered the key elements of a compliant employment eligibility verification program. This webinar also addressed employer obligations under IRCA and in light of President Obama's November 20, 2014 immigration executive actions. The webinar included an explanation of ICE's worksite enforcement strategy, best practices for completing the Form I-9, how to avoid discrimination in the Form I-9 process and more. You can access the recorded webinar here. Click here to download webinar slides.

This article addresses key points for employers considering the use of a workplace arbitration programme in the US in order to resolve disputes with employees through binding arbitration. Topics covered include the enforceability of mandatory arbitration; claims that can be subject to arbitration; cost allocation; limitation of remedies; limitation of timeframes in which to raise claims; class action waivers; and considerations for implementing an arbitration programme. This article is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits law. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

This article examines the various ways in which employers in Mexico can protect information that is of particular value to their business, whether by incorporating restrictive covenants into the employment contract or drawing up agreements with employees regarding the use of trade secrets and confidential information. The limitations on employee monitoring in this regard are also discussed in light of Mexico's data privacy legislation. This article is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

US immigration law updates during July 2014, including the Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals (BALCA) decision in Symantec Corporation, a Department of Labor (DOL) FAQ on entering information on the PERM form about worker qualifications and family relationships, changes to iCert password protocols and the Court of Appeals for the First Circuit's decision in Lin v. Holder, providing guidance on when a marriage is entered into in good faith for immigration purposes.

US immigration law updates during June 2014, including Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals (BALCA) decisions providing guidance to employers on PERM applications and decisions on state immigration laws in Montana and Utah.

US immigration law updates during May 2014, including Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals (BALCA) decisions providing guidance for employers on PERM applications, medical examination validity, changes at US consular posts in Japan, traveler access to US Customs and Border Protection's (CBP) travel history records, District of Columbia limited purpose credentials and the extension of temporary protected status (TPS) reregistration for Haitian nationals.

US immigration law updates during April 2014, including the DOL document retention system for Labor Condition Application (LCA) records, a change in the USCIS international district names and BALCA case summary on satisfying a PERM audit request about the beneficiary's qualifications.

US immigration law updates during March 2014, including the extension of Haiti's TPS designation, fee waivers for upcoming Special Olympics participants and the US Embassy in Caracas, Venezuela's inability to schedule first-time B-1/B-2 visa applicants.

This article examines executive compensation in Mexico, examining the long-term costs for the company, the tax implications for the business, the effects on the employee's integrated salary (for the purposes of calculating indemnification/severance payments), the enforceability of clawback clauses and restrictive covenants, and the provision of profit sharing. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

This article considers how and when IFAs emerged, the characteristics of IFAs and the extent to which they are legal instruments. The international nature of IFAs and their development are also considered. This article is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

Foreign travelers entering the US in the B-1 visa category for temporary business activities face several hurdles, including discretionary decisionmaking authority, unclear rules about which activities they may perform and a brief and subjective immigration inspections process. Following a $34 million settlement by Infosys Corporation for charges including B-1 fraud, Practical Law reached out to David Grunblatt of Proskauer Rose LLP for his thoughts on some of the hurdles facing business visitors.

Social networks have revolutionised the way many businesses operate, both internally and externally, and Generation Y increasingly expects work processes to use a Web 2.0/social media format. This article examines how UK employers can: Manage employees' use of social media (where use is excessive, inappropriate and/or leads to loss of productivity). Protect themselves against liability for employees' actions on social media sites. Monitor employees' use of social networks without infringing their privacy. Protect themselves on the departure of an employee. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

US immigration law updates during October 2013, including Infosys's $34 million settlement of an immigration complaint, the United States Citizen and Immigration Services (USCIS) allowance for certain late H-1B, H-2A and H-2B petition filings, a joint USCIS and US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) EB-5 investor scam alert and extension of the Iraqi special immigrant visa program.

US immigration law updates during August 2013, including PERM job order requirements from the Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals (BALCA), Department of Homeland Security (DHS) recommendations to improve consistency in the L-1 nonimmigration visa adjudications, I-9 completion tips from the Office of Special Counsel for Immigration-Related Unfair Employment Practices (OSC) and visa issuance guidance for same-sex couples and their immediate relatives from the State Department.

This Article discusses employer challenges to a US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Form I-9 penalty assessment in an employer sanctions case before the Office of the Chief Adjudications Hearing Officer (OCAHO).

This article outlines the relevant Swiss law that may apply in the context of a cross-border inter-group company investigation. In particular the article will examine the position in Switzerland with regard to blocking statues and criminal offences as defined by Swiss courts, looking closely at the impact and interpretation of Articles 271(1), 273 and 162 of the Swiss Penal Code. The article further details the position in Switzerland on data protection, with regard to cross-border data flow and the employer's duty of care and briefly examines the employee's duty of loyalty and duty of confidentiality. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

The article discusses the relationship between national employment law regimes and immigration law, social security law and tax law to demonstrate opportunities for employers to manage cross border labour mobility successfully. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

This article identifies the different employment law provisions that can apply where a company wishes to effect organisational change in Norway. The need for consultation, the rules applicable on the transfer of an undertaking and the procedures for collective redundancies are all examined. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

In this article, the various aspects of the individual employment relationship will be analysed in the context of corporate groups, notably in the light of recent case law. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

This article provides an overview of the divergent approaches taken across the US on some key issues concerning the enforceability of post-employment restrictive covenants, and highlights the degree to which the choice of law and location of the dispute dramatically impacts the enforceability of these restrictive covenants within the US. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

An expert Q&A with Michael D. Patrick of Fragomen, Del Rey, Bernsen & Loewy PC on the implications for employers of the US Supreme Court's decision in Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting, upholding Arizona's state immigration law.

This article summarises the amendments that Directive 2010/73/EU (Amending Directive) makes to Directive 2003/71/EC (Prospectus Directive) which are relevant to the operation of employee share plans in the EU and discusses their implications. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

This article examines the main options available to businesses with operations in Italy and in the EU when reductions in force (RIFs) are being considered. In particular, it considers the importance of the information and consultation process, transfers of undertakings, collective dismissals in the EU, managing excess workers in Italy, dismissals in Italy and collective dismissals in Italy. For a full list of recommended labour and employee benefits lawyers and law firms, please visit PLC Which lawyer? This article is part of the PLC global guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/labour-mjg

This article examines the various complications that must be considered when drafting restrictive covenants in Canada which are capable of enforcement against former employees after they leave employment. Both non-competition and non-solicitation covenants are analysed, together with current judicial trends, descending scope clauses and over-reaching, and practical tips for drafting are included. The Ontario courts' relaxation of the rules when non-competition is a condition of a post-employment benefit is also examined, along with the specialised approach of the Québec courts. For a full list of recommended labour and employee benefits lawyers and law firms, please visit PLC Which lawyer? This article is part of the PLC global guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/labour-mjg.

This table is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplanshandbook. This table sets out a summary of the key information concerning the tax treatment of employee share plans in each of the 21 jurisdictions covered in the Country Q&A section.

Originally, non-competition agreements were predominately limited to competition activities within the country where employees have previously performed their work duties. In the global marketplace, these agreements are now increasingly concluded in the context of cross-border labour mobility. This article considers the two principal concerns that arise for employers and their companies in this international context when considering applying and enforcing non-competition agreements: The law the employer and the employee have chosen to apply to the non-competition agreement may not apply. In the event of a legal dispute, the appealed local court may not have jurisdiction to settle the dispute. The authors examine these risks and solution strategies by scrutinising the legal framework for cross-border mobility connected to at least one of the EU member states, outlining some key actions to take to build a successful strategy for handling these challenges from a European law perspective. This chapter is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg

This article considers how the October 2011 abolition of the default retirement age in the UK and proposed legislation on flexible working will affect employers of all sizes and across all sectors, in the months and years ahead. For a full list of recommended labour and employee benefits lawyers and law firms, please visit PLC Which lawyer? This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/labour-mjg.

According to Romanian law, an employer is entitled to establish the organisation and functioning of a company. This article examines drafting and consulting on rules and regulations, acknowledgement of rules and regulations by employees, issues covered by rules and regulations, including controversial issues such as disciplinary action, mandatory character of rules and regulations, legal compliance of rules and regulations and other written policies, in relation to collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) and employment contracts. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to labour and employee benefits law. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/labour-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Hong Kong. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbihandbook.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Israel. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Spain. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in New York. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbihandbook.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Texas. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbihandbook.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Wisconsin. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbihandbook.

This article outlines Canadian employment law in 15 key areas, and highlights the significant distinctions between US and Canadian employment law, as well as the broad similarities that do exist in certain areas.

This chapter considers the extent to which a standard cross-border employment contract can be drafted to comply with the laws of more than one jurisdiction, focusing on the laws of France, Germany, Italy and the UK. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/labourhandbook.

An overview of the key immigration law issues facing executives wishing to relocate to the US and some considerations for moving to the US permanently. This article is part of the PLC US Special Report, which was published to mark the launch of PLC's first US services.

An overview of the key tax and practical issues executives and their employers should know before they go to the US. This article is part of the PLC US Special Report, which was published to mark the launch of PLC's first US services.

An overview of the principal federal, state and local laws governing labour and employment relations in the US. This article is part of the PLC US Special Report, which was published to mark the launch of PLC's first US services.

This chapter concerns the issue of backdating of US share options, including: the potential difficulties that this practice may cause and the penalties that may be incurred; steps that companies can take to avoid falling foul of this practice; the implications for non-US companies; and the likely further developments in this area.

This chapter considers current trends in the termination of employees, particularly in the negotiation of severance and compromise agreements, in Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK (England and Wales).

This chapter sets out the key provisions of the Prospectus Directive that are relevant when operating an employee share scheme in the EU. It also focuses on the implementation of the Prospectus Directive in 11 key jurisdictions.

This article considers the social security issues, in particular dual taxation and gaps in benefits protection, that arise when US employees are seconded abroad, and the availability of social security treaties to ensure that coverage, benefits and taxation remain as seamless as possible.

Multinational companies are increasingly finding that a failure to manage employment liability risks on a global basis can lead to losses ranging from court awards or penalties to diminishment of corporate and brand image. This step-by-step guide provides a template for establishing global employment best practice standards and policies.

Employee reorganisations, whether in the aftermath of a merger or acquisition, or as part of the process of doing business on an international scale are commonplace nowadays. The fundamental, often quite surprising, differences which exist between US and European employment law and practice are explained in this comparative feature.

This Legal Update reports on select federal administrative agency developments which occurred through November 2016, and which are not covered in our full-length Legal Updates, such as information about agency posters, notices and agreements with agencies.

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) have published in the Federal Register a final rule amending its regulations related to certain employment-based immigrant and nonimmigrant visa programs. The final rule is effective January 17, 2017.

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has issued a policy memorandum (PM), PM-602-0138, entitled Matter of R-C-C-S-D-, Adopted Decision 2016-04 (AAO Oct. 24, 2016). The PM clarifies that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) may designate a language immersion school as an international cultural exchange program, so that the school may petition for teachers to serve as Q-1 exchange visitors, if the school satisfies certain requirements.

This Legal Update reports on select federal administrative agency developments which occurred through October 2016, and which are not covered in our full-length Legal Updates, such as information about agency posters, notices and agreements with agencies

The Departments of State (DOS) and Homeland Security (DHS) published concurrent rules establishing and implementing a new Electronic Visa Update System (EVUS). The new system allows the Departments to collect biographic and other information from certain foreign nationals issued designated nonimmigrant visas. The rule is effective when published on October 20, 2016.

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) published a Final Rule increasing immigration application and petition filing fees for the first time in six years. The new fees are effective on December 23, 2016.

This Legal Update reports on select federal administrative agency developments which occurred through September 2016, and which are not covered in our full-length Legal Updates, such as information about agency posters, notices, and agreements with agencies.

Congress has passed a resolution to continue funding the government through December 9, 2016, while it works on a new budget for FY 2017. The resolution temporarily extends four immigration programs, E-Verify electronic employment eligibility verification, EB-5 Regional Center permanent residence for foreign investors, Conrad 30 waiver for foreign medical graduates, and special immigrant non-minister religious worker permanent residence.

This Legal Update reports on select federal administrative agency developments which occurred through August 2016, and which are not covered in our full-length Legal Updates, such as information about agency posters, notices, and agreements with agencies

In Employer Sols. Staffing Grp. II, L.L.C. v. Office of Chief Admin. Hearing Officer, the US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit held that corporate attestation of Form I-9 is permissible under the Immigration and Nationality Act's (INA) verification procedures, and that the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) argument that INA's verification procedures barred corporate attestation was not entitled to Chevron, Auer, or Skidmore deference due to the lack of fair notice provided to the employer.

This Legal Update reports on select federal administrative agency developments which occurred through July 2016, and which are not covered in our full-length Legal Updates, such as information about agency posters, notices, and agreements with agencies.

This Legal Update reports on select federal administrative agency developments which occurred through June 2016, and which are not covered in our full-length Legal Updates, such as information about agency posters, notices and agreements with agencies.

In Cardenas v. US, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that Justice Kennedy's concurrence from Kerry v. Din states the applicable test to determine whether a visa denial is valid when the denial implicates a constitutional right.

Several federal agencies, including the US Department of Justice (DOJ), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and the Department of Labor (DOL), issued interim final rules adjusting for inflation the civil monetary penalties assessed under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), including those assessed under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA).

This Legal Update reports on select federal administrative agency developments which occurred through May 2016, and which are not covered in our full-length Legal Updates, such as information about agency posters, notices and agreements with agencies.

This Law Firm Publication by Ford & Harrison LLP addresses an amendment to Tennessee Code Annotated § 26-2-214. Governor Haslam signed the bill which expands the scope of garnishments from the garnishment of salaries, wages, or other compensation to garnishment of "earnings." With this change, which takes effect on September 1, 2016, the scope of garnishments reaches amounts owed to independent contractors as well as employees. The publication also addresses amendments to the Tennessee Lawful Employment Law Act (E-Verify Act) to, among other things, require private employers with 50 or more employees to enroll in the E-Verify program and verify the employment eligibility of new hires. These changes become effective on January 1, 2017.

In Puente Arizona v. Arpaio, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that Arizona's identity theft laws (Ariz. Rev. Stat. §§ 13–2009 and 13–2008(A), as amended by H.B. 2779 (Legal Arizona Workers Act) and H.B. 2745 (Employment of Unauthorized Aliens)) were not facially preempted by provisions of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) regulating employment of unauthorized aliens.

This Law Firm Publication by Fisher & Phillips LLP discusses an amendment to the Tennessee Lawful Employment Act (TLEA). The TLEA, which applies to all employers with six or more employees, currently provides employers with the option of either using E-Verify or requesting and retaining certain documents from each employee to determine the workers' employment eligibility. On April 21, 2016, Tennessee's governor signed the amendment, which drops the document retention option for Tennessee employers with 50 or more employees, and requires them to use E-Verify once the law becomes effective on January 1, 2017. The publication also addresses the specific penalties for violating the TLEA and notes that enforcement of TLEA compliance has risen in recent months.

This Legal Update reports on select federal administrative agency developments which occurred through April 2016, and which are not covered in our full-length Legal Updates, such as information about agency posters, notices, and agreements with agencies.

United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that as of April 7, 2016, it has received a sufficient number of new H-1B visa petitions to reach the statutory cap for fiscal year 2017 (FY2017). USCIS has also received more than 20,000 H-1B petitions filed on behalf of persons exempt from the cap under the advanced degree exemption (commonly called the "advanced degree cap").

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) recently released a policy memorandum designating the decision of the Administrative Appeals Office (AAO) in Matter of Z-A-, Inc. as an Adopted Decision 2016-02, resulting in policy guidance for USCIS adjudications officers on the standard of review they should use in evaluating essential function manager petitions for L-1A status.

In Arizona Dream Act Coalition v. Brewer, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that Arizona's policy of refusing to accept Employment Authorization Documents (EADs) issued to Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipients to support an Arizona driver's license application was preempted by the Immigration and Nationalization Act (INA), which confers exclusive authority on the federal government to classify noncitizens. The Ninth Circuit affirmed the district court's grant of a permanent injunction.

Resources for employers impacted by the exhaustion of the H-1B cap. These resources address who is subject to the cap, alternative visa classifications for employees who require immigration sponsorship to work in the US, and advanced planning for immigration sponsorship.

This Legal Update reports on select federal administrative agency developments which occurred through March 2016, and which are not covered in our full-length Legal Updates, such as information about agency posters, notices and agreements with agencies.

President Obama has issued an Executive Order implementing stricter economic sanctions against North Korea. These sanctions further limit trade and travel to and from North Korea, with a particular emphasis on limiting economic benefits to the North Korean Government or the Workers’ Party of Korea. Additionally, the US Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC) has updated its general license exceptions and Specially Designated Nationals List regarding North Korea.

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) issued a policy memorandum (PM) providing guidance to Immigration Services Officers (ISO) evaluating whether jobs are in the "same or a similar occupational classification" for purposes of a foreign worker moving to a new job and retaining his pending green card case using the Immigration and National Act's (INA) green card portability provisions.

In Casa del Caffe Vergnano S.p.A. v. ItalFlavors, LLC, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that an arbitration agreement was unenforceable because it was part of a sham contract entered into solely to support a nonimmigrant visa application. Although the parties signed a franchise agreement containing the arbitration provision, they also signed a second "hold harmless" agreement, which, in essence, declared the franchise agreement invalid.

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has issued a Final Rule extending the optical practical training (OPT) period for certain students in F-1 status who have science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) degrees from an accredited US institution of higher learning. The rule also extends cap-gap employment authorization coverage for foreign students whose status and employment authorization expires before an H-1B petition approved on the students' behalf can take effect at the beginning of the next fiscal year.

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has announced the launch of a Known Employer pilot program to streamline the process US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) uses to review an employer's eligibility to sponsor individuals under certain employment-based immigrant and nonimmigrant classifications.

The European Commission has published the draft "adequacy decision" and legal texts that will put in place the EU-US Privacy Shield and a Communication summarising actions taken to restore trust in EU-US data transfers, including the General Data Protection Reform package, the EU-US Umbrella Agreement and the EU-US Privacy Shield.

This Legal Update reports on select federal administrative agency developments which occurred through February 2016, and which are not covered in our full-length Legal Updates, such as information about agency posters, notices and agreements with agencies.

This Legal Update reports on select federal administrative agency developments which occurred through January 2016, and which are not covered in our full-length Legal Updates, such as information about agency posters, notices, and agreements with agencies.

The H-1B nonimmigrant visa classification is subject to an annual cap on new H-1B approvals. The filing period for new H-1B visas available in FY2017, which begins on October 1, 2016, runs from April 1 to April 7, 2016. Practical Law has many resources to assist employers filing H-1B petitions for foreign national workers.

The US Department of Labor (DOL) issued an administrative interpretation (AI) that explains its expansive view of joint employment under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and the Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act (MSPA).

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), issued a final rule amending its regulations on the H-1B1, E-3, CW-1 and EB-1 outstanding professor or researcher work visa programs to remove obstacles that disadvantaged workers in those classifications compared to those in similar visa classifications.

In Mantena v. Johnson, the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held that the Immigration and Nationality Act's (INA) green card portability provisions give I-140 beneficiaries standing to challenge revocation of an I-140 petition filed by the beneficiary's former employer, and that courts have subject matter jurisdiction to hear cases about United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) procedures. The Second Circuit's decision furthers an existing circuit court split on this issue.

This Legal Update reports on select federal administrative agency developments which occurred through December 2015, and which are not covered in our full-length Legal Updates, such as information about agency posters, notices, and agreements with agencies

In Greater Missouri Med. Pro-Care Providers, Inc. v. Perez, the US Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit held that under Section 212(n)(2)(A) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) (8 U.S.C. § 1182(n)(2)(A)), reasonable cause to investigate a single allegation of H-1B Labor Condition Application (LCA) violations in an aggrieved-party complaint does not establish a reasonable cause to conduct a comprehensive investigation of an employer.

A notice by US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) reminds EB-5 regional centers that received designation before September 30, 2015, that they must submit Form I-924A to the USCIS by December 29, 2015. Form I-924A is used to show the continuing eligibility for regional center designation.

On December 18, 2015 the US Congress passed a budget appropriations bill for Fiscal Year 2016 containing numerous immigration-related provisions, including extensions to the E-Verify program, the EB-5 Regional Center program, the Special Immigrant nonminister religious worker program, and Conrad State 30 J-1 waiver program. The bill also provided for security-related changes to the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) and increased fees on employers using the H-1B and L-1 nonimmigrant work visa programs.

This Legal Update reports on select federal administrative agency developments which occurred through November 2015, and which are not covered in our full-length Legal Updates, such as information about agency posters, notices and agreements with agencies

In Texas v. United States, the US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed the district court's injunction blocking implementation of several of President Obama's executive immigration actions. The Fifth Circuit held that the 26 states challenging the president's immigration actions had established a likelihood of success on the merits of their claims under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA).

This Legal Update reports on select federal administrative agency developments which occurred October 1 through November 2, 2015, and which are not covered in our full-length Legal Updates, such as information about agency posters, notices and agreements with agencies of states and sovereign nations.

This Legal Update reports on select federal administrative agency developments which occurred through September 2015, and which are not covered in our full-length Legal Updates, such as information about agency posters, notices and agreements with agencies of states and sovereign nations.

The US Department of State announced it is revising the October 2015 Visa Bulletin to roll back the permitted filing dates for anticipatory consular processing or adjustment of status applications. US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) also announced that the FY2015 supply of immigrant visas (green cards) was exhausted, and adjustment of status adjudication is suspended until October 1, 2015.

This Legal Update reports on select federal administrative agency developments which occurred through August 2015, and which are not covered in our full-length Legal Updates, such as information about agency posters, notices and agreements with agencies of states and sovereign nations.

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has published the final version of its policy memorandum on the adjudication of L-1B specialized knowledge petitions. The memorandum is effective for all L-1B petitions pending on or filed on or after August 31, 2015.

The District Court of the District of Columbia issued a decision in Washington Alliance of Technology Workers v. US Department of Homeland Security (DHS), vacating an interim final rule published by the DHS in 2008 that extended for 17 months the optional practical training (OPT) for certain F-1 students. The court stayed the vacatur until February 12, 2016 to all the DHS time to publish a new rule with an appropriate notice and comment period.

This Law Firm Publication by Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C. discusses a new legislative rule amending Title 42, Series 31 of the West Virginia Division of Labor rules that enforce Section 21-1B-4 of the West Virginia Code, governing the procedures required for West Virginia employers to verify their workers' legal employment status. The amendment may conflict with various federal Form I-9 employment eligibility verification requirements such as timing, acceptable proof and length of records retention. Employers are advised to ensure compliance with the federal Form I-9 requirements to avoid federal penalties. This amendment became effective July 1, 2015.

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has issued its final guidance on when to file an amended or new H-1B petition in light of a worksite change. The guidance follows the Administrative Appeals Office's (AAO) precedential decision in Simeio Solutions, LLC and is effective immediately.

United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) issued a Policy Memorandum specifying that qualifying US work experience for the special immigrant religious worker category is no longer limited to experience gained while in lawful status. The USCIS memorandum applies the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit decision in Shalom Pentecostal Church v. Acting Sec'y U.S. Dep't of Homeland Sec. nationally.

The US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) designated Nepal for temporary protected status (TPS) for a period of 18 months, effective June 24, 2015. The designation arose out of the severe earthquake that devastated much of Nepal on April 25, 2015.

In Kerry v. Din, the US Supreme Court dismissed a due process claim brought by a US citizen contesting the US State Department's denial of a visa to her husband. The State Department denied the visa because the husband was once a part of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. Five justices ruled that the wife could not proceed with her due process claim, with a plurality opinion asserting that the wife was not deprived of any fundmental right triggering an entitlement to due process.

The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) has announced that it signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Colombia. The MOU is designed to promote awareness among Colombian workers, employers and business owners of their rights and responsibilities under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA).

US Customs and Border Protection (CBP), a part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), issued a final rule on the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA), a system for screening and pre-authorizing travel to the US by temporary visitors under the Visa Waiver Program.

OFCCP has posted a new web page providing information to help federal contractors when foreign governments deny entry visas for the contractors' employees based on sexual orientation or gender identity.

In Texas v. United States, the US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit upheld the district court's preliminary injunction blocking implementation of several of President Obama's executive immigration actions. The Fifth Circuit held that the government was unlikely to succeed on the merits of its appeal of the injunction and therefore denied the government's request to stay the injunction.

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) issued draft guidance in the wake of an Administrative Appeal Office (AAO) precedent decision holding that employers must file amended H-1B petitions when a new Labor Condition Application (LCA) is required due to a change in the H-1B worker's worksite. The AAO's decision in the Matter of Simeio Solutions, LLC now represents USCIS's position on filing amended H-1B petitions prior to placing an H-1B employee at a new worksite.

The Department of Labor (DOL) announced the release of an interim final rule, published jointly with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in the Federal Register. The new rule reinstates the process for employers to obtain a temporary labor certification from the DOL to use to petition the DHS to employ a nonimmigrant worker in H-2B visa status. Simultaneously with the interim final rule, the DOL and the DHS published a final rule establishing the prevailing wage methodology for the H-2B visa program.

A Legal Update containing resources for employers impacted by the exhaustion of the H-1B cap by a record number of petitions. These resources address who is subject to the cap, alternative visa classifications for employees and advanced planning for immigration sponsorship.

The US District Court for the Northern District of Florida granted the DOL's motion for a temporary stay of the court's order in Perez v. Perez vacating the DOL's 2008 H-2B regulations, allowing the DOL to process H-2B prevailing wage and labor certification applications until April 15, 2015. The DOL and US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) are jointly preparing a new rule governing the H-2B program that is expected to be promulgated by the end of April.

In an April 9, 2015, precedential decision in Matter of Simeio Solutions, LLC, the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services' (USCIS) Administrative Appeals Office (AAO) held that employers must file an amended H-1B petition when they change the work location of H-1B workers and a new Labor Condition Application (LCA) is required.

In Crane v. Johnson, the US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit held that the state of Mississippi and a group of Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents and deportation officers all lacked standing to challenge the 2012 Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. The Fifth Circuit found that the plaintiffs' challenge to the constitutionality of DACA could not go forward because none of the plaintiffs could point to a concrete and particularized injury they suffered as a result of DACA's implementation.

In Shalom Pentacostal Church v. Acting Sec'y U.S. Dep't of Homeland Sec., the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, in a matter of first impression, affirmed the district court's holding that a US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) regulation requiring religious work to have been carried out "in lawful immigration status" was ultra vires as it contradicted Congress' clear intent in creating the Immigration and Nationality Act's (INA) "special immigrant religious worker" visa classification.

In Mezonos Maven Bakery, Inc., the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) ordered the conditional reinstatement of unlawfully discharged employees who did not have proper documentation to work in the US at the time of their discharge. The NLRB found that conditional reinstatement furthered the policies of National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) and was not prohibited by the Supreme Court's decision in Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. or by the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). The conditional reinstatement order requires the employer to provide the employees with a reasonable period of time to complete the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) Form I-9 and provide the proper documentation.

Adjusting human resources policies and practices to stay compliant with always evolving employment laws can be a challenging task for employers. Failure to do so, however, can lead to costly messes and lawsuits. To ensure up-to-date compliance in all areas, employers should conduct regular audits of their human resources policies and practices. Springtime cleaning in the form of a human resources audit can help employers identify and refresh any outdated or problematic policies and practices and reduce exposure to lawsuits posed by stale policies.

United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that as of April 7, 2015, it has received a sufficient number of new H-1B visa petitions to reach the statutory cap for fiscal year 2016 (FY2016). USCIS has also received more than 20,000 H-1B petitions filed on behalf of persons exempt from the cap under the advanced degree exemption (commonly called the "advanced degree cap").

United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that the H-2B worker visa cap of 66,000 for fiscal year 2015 was met on March 26, 2015. USCIS will reject any new petitions received after that date.

On March 24, 2015, United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) published an updated Policy Memorandum on the L-1B nonimmigrant visa classification for specialized knowledge workers. USCIS requests that the public review the memo and provide feedback by May 8, 2015. The final memo is effective on August 31, 2015.

On March 8, 2015, President Obama issued an Executive Order imposing sanctions on certain parties in Venezuela. The Executive Order is directed at any person or entity found to have engaged in or supported human rights violations and public corruption in Venezuela. The Executive Order includes restrictions on immigrant and nonimmigrant entries for Venezuelans found by the Secretary of the Treasury (in consultation with the Secretary of State) to meet the terms of the Executive Order.

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's (EEOC) Miami office and the Philippine Embassy's Consular Section in Washington DC signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to collaborate on preventing discrimination in the workplace by providing resources to Philippine nationals regardless of immigration status.

In Perez v. Perez, the US District Court for the Northern District of Florida permanently enjoined the DOL from enforcing its 2008 H-2B regulations, holding that the DOL lacked authority to engage in legislative rulemaking under the H-2B program and enact the 2008 regulations. As a result, the DOL stopped all H-2B prevailing wage and labor certification processing. United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) also announced that it has suspended processing of H-2B petitions while the government determines its options.

In United States v. George, the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit upheld a criminal conviction of a woman for harboring an unauthorized worker and further upheld forfeiture of the woman's mansion valued at nearly $2 million as an appropriate penalty under the harboring statute that did not violate the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against excessive fines. The unauthorized worker was employed by the woman from 2005 to 2011, and had worked for the woman in the mansion for part of that time.

The National Labor Relations Board's (NLRB) General Counsel issued a memorandum updating its procedures for handling immigration status issues in unfair labor practice (ULP) proceedings and investigations. The memorandum requires NLRB regional offices to contact the NLRB's Division of Operations-Management promptly once aware that immigration status issues may affect the NLRB's ability to litigate or remedy a ULP and discusses procedures in the investigation and liability stages of a matter. It also provides guidelines for fostering interagency cooperation, exploring alternative ULP remedies and obtaining formal settlements in ULP cases when immigration status issues arise.

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is extending eligibility for employment authorization to certain H-4 dependent spouses of H-1B nonimmigrants who are seeking lawful permanent residence (LPR) status for employment purposes. The new rule is intended to reduce the economic burden on H-1B nonimmigrants and their families which often lead H-1B nonimmigrants to abandon their efforts to remain in the United States. Beginning on May 26, 2015, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) will begin accepting applications from eligible H-4 dependent spouses seeking employment authorization.

The New York and Philadelphia District Offices of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Philippine Consulate General to work together to provide education, protection and enforcement to Philippine citizens in the US concerning their workplace employment rights.

The US District Court for the Southern District of Texas, in Texas v. United States, issued a preliminary injunction temporarily blocking a portion of President Obama's executive actions on immigration. The injunction halts the Department of Homeland Security's implementation of an expansion to the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program and a new Deferred Action for Parental Accountability program.

The H-1B nonimmigrant visa classification is subject to an annual cap on new H-1B approvals. The filing period for new H-1B visas available in FY2016, which begins on October 1, 2015, runs from April 1 to April 7, 2015. Practical Law has many resources to assist employers filing H-1B petitions for foreign national workers.

This US immigration update discusses Kurapati v. U.S. Bureau of Citizenship & Immigration Servs., in which the US Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, on rehearing, reaffirmed that an I-140 visa petition beneficiary has sufficient interest in the outcome of an I-140 petition filed on his behalf by a former employer that the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), if it wishes to issue a notice of intent to revoke (NOIR) the I-140 visa petition, should issue the NOIR to the beneficiary of the I-140 petition and give that beneficiary the opportunity to respond.

This immigration update addresses three recent developments affecting the H-2B nonimmigrant visa classification, used by employers to employ temporary non-agricultural foreign workers. First, the Department of Labor (DOL) issued a Notice of Intent to Issue a Declaratory Order and request for comment confirming its exclusive authority to make legal and policy determinations to administer and enforce the H-2B temporary labor certification program. Second, the DOL announced its procedures for H-2B prevailing wages following the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit decision in Comite de Apoyo a los Trabajadores Agricolas et al. v. Solis. Finally, the US District Court for the Northern District of Florida granted summary judgement to the plaintiffs in Bayou Lawn & Landscape Servs., et al. v. Perez.

In Comite' De Apoyo A Los Trabajadores Agricolas v. Perez, the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit dismissed the district court's judgment holding that the case was not ripe for review, and issued a decision vacating the portion of the H-2B wage rule and the DOL's 2009 Wage Guidance permitting the use of employer-provided surveys in prevailing wage determinations as arbitrary and capricious.

A notice by US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) reminds EB-5 regional centers that received designation before September 30, 2014, that they must submit Form I-924A to the USCIS by December 29, 2014. The form is used to show the continuing eligibility for regional center designation.

President Obama announced several executive actions overhauling pieces of the US immigration system. Initiatives announced by the President include deferred action for certain undocument immigrants, enforcement initiatives and clarifications to improve legal immigration sponsorship, employment of foreign workers and benefits for researchers and entrepreneurs.

The US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) designated Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone for temporary protected status (TPS) for a period of 18 months, effective November 21, 2014. TPS beneficiaries are eligible to remain in the US and to request employment authorization documents that can be used to satisfy employment eligibility requirements.

On November 6, 2014, the US Department of Labor (DOL) announced that it had renewed partnership agreements with ambassadors representing Mexico, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica at a ceremony at the DOL headquarters. Under the renewed agreements, the DOL's Wage and Hour Division (WHD) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) will continue working with embassies and consulates to educate workers from these nations, including those working in the US with H-2A and H-2B visas, about laws governing safety, wage and hour, and health issues.

This immigration update addresses Fogo de Chao (Holdings) Inc. v. U.S. Dep't of Homeland Sec., in which the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia reversed the district court's grant of summary judgment for the government, in a matter regarding L-1B visas for foreign chefs. The DC Circuit held that the US Citizenship and Immigration Services's (USCIS) Administrative Appeals Office (AAO) provided insufficient reasoning to ban a chef's cultural and life experiences from constituting specialized knowledge under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). In addition, the Appeals Office did not provide substantial evidence supporting its finding that the potential visa recipient did not complete the proper company training.

The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Department of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of the Philippines, with the aim to educate Filipino employers, employees and business owners in the US on their rights and responsibilities under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA).

The Department of State (DOS) has released a final rule amending the general Exchange Visitor (J-1 Visa) Program rules governing the designation of sponsors and the overall administration of the exchange visitor program.

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has announced two developments concerning its internet-based E-Verify service. First, USCIS will begin purging E-Verify records that are more than ten years old and employers may need to download records before they are purged. Second, E-Verify will launch a new myE-Verify website to enhance employee protection and education.

This US immigration update discusses Kurapati v. U.S. Bureau of Citizenship & Immigration Servs., in which the US Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit held that an I-140 visa petition beneficiary has sufficient interest in the outcome of an I-140 petition filed on his behalf by a former employer that the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), if it wishes to issue a notice of intent to revoke (NOIR) the I-140 visa petition, should issue the NOIR to the beneficiary of the I-140 petition and give that beneficiary the opportunity to respond.

In Labriola Baking Company, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) overruled the recommendation of an NLRB hearing officer and held that non-English-speaking bargaining unit members would reasonably understand their employer's mistranslated comments about hiring legal workers to replace them if they engaged in a predicted strike was a threat that if they did not decertify the union in a pending decertification election the employer would retaliate by reporting them to immigration authorities. The NLRB ordered a new decertification election because the employer's comments constituted objectionable conduct under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) that reasonably would have interfered with employees' free choice to support the union and engage in protected union activities such as striking.

This California immigration Law Firm Publication by Jackson Lewis P.C. discusses Assembly Bill 2751 (AB 2751), which broadens protections and remedies for those subjected to immigration-related retaliation. The bill, signed into law by Governor Jerry Brown, expands the definition of "unfair immigration-related practice" found in AB 263 and SB 666 (previously enacted laws protecting immigrants from retaliation), to include an employer's filing or threat to file a false complaint with any state or federal agency, in addition to the police or immigration authorities, in retaliation for an employee's protected activity. AB 2751 authorizes an employee subjected to unfair immigration-related practice to bring a civil action for equitable relief and damages. It also clarifies that employees who face illegal retaliation will be awarded a $10,000 penalty for each violation. The new law allows courts to suspend business licenses of offenders based on their number of violations. In addition, the scope of retaliation protection for employees who update their personal information is limited to those who make updates related to work authorization. Previous protections extended to employees who corrected misrepresentations about their education or criminal background. AB 2751 will take effect on January 1, 2015.

This US immigration update addresses a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The MOU is designed to strengthen their collaborative efforts to provide immigrant, migrant and other Mexican workers with information and guidance about their rights and responsibilities under the laws enforced by the EEOC.

This US immigration update discusses Kutty v. US Department of Labor, in which ten physicians employed by a medical clinic operator under numerous different corporate entities filed a complaint with the Department of Labor (DOL) claiming Labor Condition Application (LCA) wage violations under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The US Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit held that the costs, including attorneys' fees, of obtaining H-1B visas and J-1 waivers are business expenses and that the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) did not err in piercing the corporate veil and holding the business owner personally liable for back wages and penalties.

The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility of Ecuador, with the aim to educate Ecuadorian employers, employees and business owners in the US on their rights and responsibilities under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA).

A summary of employers' anti-discrimination obligations under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) and examples of discriminatory practices. This Update also includes resources to assist employers in their compliance with IRCA's anti-discrimination law.

This US immigration update covers glitches in the State Department's Consular Consolidated Database. State Department spokesperson Marie Harf has stated that the glitches crashed the system, resulting in significant delays in processing of passports, visas and reports of Americans born abroad. The system is operational, but delays in visa, passport and birth report applications persist.

In Arizona Dream Act Coalition v. Brewer, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld the district court's ruling that the Arizona Department of Transportation's (ADOT) policy of refusing to accept Employment Authorization Documents (EADs) issued to Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipients to support an Arizona driver's license application, violates the Equal Protection Clause. The Ninth Circuit also reversed the district court's denial of a preliminary injunction, holding that the plaintiffs (five DACA recipients and the Arizona DREAM Act Coalition) are likely to suffer irreparable harm unless the ADOT's policy is enjoined.

This Law Firm Publication by Fisher & Phillips LLP discusses the California Supreme Court's recent decision in Salas v. Sierra Chemical Co. In this case, Salas, who was laid off after filing a workers' compensation claim, sued for failure to accommodate his disability and retaliation. Right before trial, Sierra learned that Salas was not authorized to work in the US and had provided a false social security number and resident alien card. Sierra moved to dismiss the case based on Salas's unclean hands relying on the after-acquired evidence defense. Sierra showed it had a long-standing policy against hiring unauthorized workers and the Court of Appeal found in its favor. The California Supreme Court reversed, concluding that where an employee misrepresents his employment authorization, the federal Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) does not preempt California's anti-discrimination law, which states that its protections are available to all regardless of immigration status. The Supreme Court held, however, that Salas may not recover lost wages for the period after Sierra discovered his misrepresentations because IRCA prohibits an employer from continuing to employ a worker it knows is unauthorized. The Court also suggested that particularly egregious conduct may limit recovery further.

In Scialabba v. Cuellar De Osorio, the US Supreme Court reversed the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, holding that the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) reasonably interpreted Section 203(h)(3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). This section, added by the Child Status Protection Act (CPSA), allows the petitions of aged-out derivative beneficiaries to retain their original priority dates, and only applies to aged-out derivative beneficiaries with qualifying relationships with their original sponsors whose petitions therefore seamlessly convert from one family preference category to another. The aged-out derivative beneficiaries' petitions that require substituting sponsors do not qualify for the statute's priority date retention provision because they do not automatically convert to a new and valid family preference category.

The Department of Labor (DOL) reports that the DOL's Wage and Hour Division (WHD), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) met with representatives from Mexican Consulates in Arizona to renew workplace protection agreements. The DOL has also reported that its WHD has entered into an agreement with the Embassy of the Philippines to increase access to education about workers’ rights under certain US laws.

The US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) published two proposed rules to expand the employment authorization eligibility requirements for certain H-4 dependent spouses and to update regulations to increase opportunities for H-1B1, CW-1, E-3 and EB-1 workers to remain in the US. Comments are due by July 11, 2014.

Under the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), every US employer must complete a Form I-9 for each employee within the first three days after the employee begins working. An employer that hires an employee who will work at remote worksites may designate an agent to complete the Form I-9. However, an employer must select an agent wisely, as it is liable for IRCA violations flowing from the agent's errors and omissions. Practical Law has a resource to help employers that must designate an agent to complete the I-9 form for remote workers.

The White House has released a Fact Sheet announcing imminent publication of several proposed rules by the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to accelerate the success of talented foreign entrepreneurs and other highly-skilled immigrants in the US. The proposed regulations will include rules authorizing employment for spouses of certain highly-skilled H-1B visa holders and enhancing opportunities for outstanding professors and researchers.

The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that as of April 7, 2014, it has received a sufficient number of new H-1B visa petitions to reach the statutory cap for fiscal year 2015 (FY2015). USCIS has also received more than 20,000 H-1B petitions filed on behalf of persons exempt from the cap under the advanced degree exemption (commonly called the "advanced degree cap").

This Law Firm Publication by Jackson Lewis P.C. discusses H.B. 181, recently approved by New Mexico Governor, Susana Martinez. H.B. 181 requires employers to post a notice about the National Human Trafficking Resource Center Hotline. Employers that are subject to the state Minimum Wage Act must post the notice conspicuously in English, Spanish and any other language spoken by at least 10% of workers. The new law becomes effective July 1, 2014.

The US Citizen and Immigration Services (USCIS) has issued a Form I-9 Employee Information Sheet for employers to give to employees to provide guidance on the I-9 process and answers to common questions.

Errors on the documents a person presents for identity and employment authorization during the Form I-9 process can cause significant stress for the employer and employee if the employer participates in E-Verify. These errors cause the E-Verify system to return a Tentative Nonconfirmation (TNC) and must be fixed before the employee is found employment authorized. TNCs can be issued regardless of the employee's citizenship or immigration status, and can result in a great deal of stress and lost work time while the employee has the error corrected.

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced it has enhanced its e-Request customer service inquiry tool and has expanded to allow customers to submit requests for disability accommodations.

The Wage and Hour Division (WHD) of the Department of Labor (DOL) has entered into an agreement with the Consulate General of Mexico in El Paso, Texas to educate Mexican nationals in Texas and New Mexico about their rights as employees under federal law, regardless of their immigration status.

In Louisiana Forestry Ass'n Inc. v. Sec'y U.S. Dep't of Labor, the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit affirmed the judgment of the district court, holding that the DOL has the authority to promulgate rules regarding the H-2B visa program and, under that authority, a new regulation issued by the DOL governing the calculation of the minimum wage a US employer must offer in order to hire foreign workers under the H-2B visa program was validly implemented. The Third Circuit acknowledges that this decision may create a circuit split with the Eleventh Circuit.

This Law Firm Publication by Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C. discusses legislation protecting foreign workers that California enacted in October 2013 that became effective on January 1, 2014. In part, the new legislation prohibits employers from taking adverse action against an employee for attempting to exercise a right under California's labor laws or updating or attempting to update personal information unless the changes relate to skills, qualifications or knowledge required for the job. In addition, employers may not report or threaten to report a current, prospective or former employee's suspected citizenship or immigration status, or that of afamily member, in retaliation for their exercise of a right under state or local labor laws.

On January 2, 2014, the California Supreme Court ruled in In re Garcia on Admission, as a matter of first impression, that an undocumented immigrant may be eligible for admission to the California State Bar. The court held that California's recently enacted state law authorizing undocumented immigrants to be admitted to the state bar satisfies the requirements of Section 1621 of Title 8 of the United States Code, which generally restricts such benefits for undocumented immigrants.

This Law Firm Publication by Constangy, Brooks & Smith, LLP summarizes new California employment laws that will take effect January 1, 2014. The new laws relate to topics including wage and hour, discrimination and retaliation, leaves of absence and immigration.

The US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has released new and revised E-Verify Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs), effective December 8, 2013 for new users and January 8, 2014 for existing users.

The US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that revised Notice of E-Verify Participation and Office of Special Counsel Right to Work posters are now available. USCIS also announced that it will release new and revised E-Verify Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) on December 8, 2013.

In Victor Rivera v. Peri & Sons Farms, Inc., the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) required the employer to reimburse its migrant farmworkers in the US under the H-2A visa program during their first workweek for inbound travel and immigration expenses to the extent those immigration expenses decreased their compensation below minimum wage.

This Law Firm Publication by Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C. discusses three immigration-related bills recently signed by Governor Brown, which may require California employers to modify their policies and procedures. The Unfair Immigration-Related Practices law (AB 263) and the Retaliation Based on Immigration/Citizenship Status law (SB 666) go into effect January 1, 2014 and expand anti-retaliation protections for employees and add to prohibited employer Form I-9 practices. The Driver's License for Undocumented Residents law (AB 60), effective January 1, 2015, allows undocumented California residents to obtain valid driver's licenses, allthough the licenses cannot serve as evidence of valid work authorization for I-9 purposes.

The US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that E-Verify has resumed operations following the federal government shutdown and described actions for employers enrolled in E-Verify to take for certain categories of employees.

This Law Firm Publication by Jackson Lewis LLP discusses that on September 8, 2013, Iowa joined Mississippi, Florida and Idaho to become the fourth state to participate in the Records and Information from DMV's for E-Verify (RIDE) program. The RIDE program, which seeks to boost the accuracy of the E-Verify employment eligibility verification process, allows employers to verify information from employees who submit a state driver's license or state identification document in the course of the I-9 employment verification process. Additional states are expected to sign on to the RIDE program.

E-Verify is an employment eligibility verification tool for the modern age. Use of E-Verify, the US government's free electronic work authorization verification tool, is voluntary for most employers, but required for certain federal contractors and employers in certain states. While Congress continues to debate comprehensive immigration reform, including mandatory E-Verify use by all employers, employers should be aware of what E-Verify is and how it works.

The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) has entered into a cooperative agreement with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mexico, with the aim to educate Mexican employers, employees and new immigrants in their rights and responsibilities under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA).

A resource to help employers and their counsel understand how to complete the I-9 form for foreign employees in the US using the US Customs and Border Protection's (CBP) new automated I-94 Arrival-Departure card.

The Department of Justice (DOJ) and the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) have entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) allowing the two agencies to share information, refer matters to each other and coordinate investigations.

This Law Firm Publication by Fisher & Phillips LLP notes that as of July 1, 2013, all private employers in Georgia with more than ten employees must be enrolled in and using E-Verify for all new hires or re-hires. The Illegal Immigration Reform and Enforcement Act, requiring the use of E-Verify, was enacted in 2011, and was phased in over the last two years based on the number of full-time employees an employer had as of January 1 of each year.

In Flores v. USCIS, the US Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit held that a Honduran immigrant who entered the US without inspection, but has held valid temporary protected status (TPS) since 1999, can adjust to lawful permanent resident (LPR) status (and obtain his green card) on the basis of his marriage to a US citizen.

This Law Firm Publication by Jackson Lewis LLP discusses the New York State Supreme Court Appellate Division, Second Department's April 17, 2013 holding in Kausal v. Educational Products Information Exchange Institute that an H-1B work visa application established an employment contract sufficient to support the employee’s breach of contract claim. The court ruled that the application, sworn-to and executed by the employer's project manager, contained all of the material terms indicating an employment contract and left nothing to be further negotiated. The court noted that the contract violations were also federal labor violations, as the employer failed to pay the employee the wages indicated on the visa application.

Employers are reminded that the new I-9 Form is required beginning on May 7, 2013. The new Form I-9, published by US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) on March 8, 2013, replaces all prior versions.

The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that as of April 5, 2013, it has received a sufficient number of new H-1B visa petitions to reach the statutory cap for fiscal year 2014. USCIS has also received more than 20,000 H-1B petitions filed on behalf of persons exempt from the cap under the advanced degree exemption (commonly called the "advanced degree cap").

US Customs and Border Protection (CBP), an agency in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), issued an interim final rule changing the definition of the term "Form I-94" to include an electronic as well as a paper format. The revisions will allow CBP to create an electronic version of the Form I-94 Arrival-Departure Record and transition to an automated Form I-94 process.

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has announced that premium processing for cap-subject H-1B petitions will begin on April 15, 2013. This temporary adjustment has been made to accommodate the historic premium processing receipt levels and the possibility that the H-1B cap will be met in the first five business days of the H-1B filing period.

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has issued a revised Form I-9 for employers to use during employment eligibility verification. The new form is two pages rather than one and has more data fields for employee information, a revised layout and improved instructions.

In Lamonica v. Safe Hurricane Shutters, Inc., the US Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit held that undocumented foreign workers are employees who may recover unpaid wages under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). The court found that the US Supreme Court's prior decision in Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB that the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) could not award backpay to undocumented aliens terminated for union activity in violation of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) did not overrule Eleventh Circuit precedent permitting recovery of unpaid wages under the FLSA.

In Chaudhry v. Holder, the US Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit held that a period of stay authorized by the US Attorney General does not constitute lawful status for purposes of 8 U.S.C. § 1255(k).

The Department of Labor (DOL) announced a new online tool, the iCERT Labor Certification Registry, that will provide the public with real-time access to redacted documents in the H-1B, H-1B1, E-3, H-2A, H-2B and permanent labor certification (PERM) employment-based immigration programs beginning July 1, 2013.

The US and Canadian governments have signed a Visa and Immigration Information-Sharing Agreement. Pursuant to the Agreement, both countries will share biographical and biometric information on third country nationals who apply for visas or permission to travel to either country.

An advice memorandum from the General Counsel's Office's of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) found that an employer with a union-represented workforce violated Section 8(a)(5) of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) by unilaterally enrolling in E-Verify.

This Law Firm Publication by Jackson Lewis LLP discusses the Tennessee Lawful Employment Act (TLEA), which went into effect in January of 2012 and which the Tennessee Department of Labor has just recently begun to enforce. Under the TLEA, employers with more than six employees must either use E-Verify or make and retain copies of one of 11 specified documents. Private employers with 500 or more employees were required to comply with the TLEA as of January 1, 2012, and those with between 200 and 499 employees were required to comply as of July 1, 2012. Employers with between six and 199 employees must be in compliance by January 1, 2013. In determining the number of employees, an employer must count all of its employees, not just those that are physically in Tennessee.

President Obama signed into law S. 3245, which reauthorizes the E-Verify program, the EB-5 Regional Center Program, the Special Immigrant Nonminister Religious Worker Program and the Conrad State 30 J-1 Visa Waiver Program until September 30, 2015.

This Law Firm Publication by Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C. discusses North Carolina's E-Verify Legislation, which was signed into law on June 23, 2011. While counties and municipalities were required to participate in the E-Verify program last year, private sector employers will begin their participation on October 1, 2012, starting with employers with 500 or more employees in North Carolina. Employers with at least 100 but fewer than 500 employees must use E-Verify as of January 1, 2013, and employers with at least 25 but fewer than 100 employees must comply by July 1, 2013.

The US Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit recently issued opinions in three cases relating to state immigration laws, holding that several provisions of Alabama's and Georgia's laws penalizing illegal immigrants are preempted by federal immigration law.

This Law Firm Publication by Fisher & Phillips LLP discusses Pennsylvania's Public Works Employment Verification Act, which requires contractors and subcontractors performing public works projects for the state to use E-Verify for all new employees. Effective January 1, 2013, contractors and subcontractors that seek a contract on a project must first submit a form verifying compliance to the public agency awarding the contract. The law prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, color or national origin and also prohibits retaliation against employees who report a violation or assist in a government investigation. The state Department of General Services will enforce the law and perform audits for compliance.

In Paidi v. Mills, the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit struck down as unconstitutional a New York law that prevents nonimmigrant aliens from receiving pharmacist licenses. The Second Circuit held that the law violated the Equal Protection Clause because aliens are a suspect class and the state could not distinguish lawful nonimmigrant aliens from other aliens.

On June 25, 2012, the US Supreme Court issued an opinion in Arizona v. United States, invalidating three key provisions of Arizona's immigration law, S.B. 1070. The court also reversed an injunction against a fourth provision.

On June 15, 2012, the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced that young undocumented immigrants will now be eligible for relief from removal proceedings if they were brought to the US under the age of 16, are currently living in the US, are not older than 30 and are in school or have graduated high school, among other requirements. These immigrants will also be eligible to apply for work authorization.

The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has announced that as of June 11, 2012, it had received a sufficient number of new H-1B visa specialty occupation petitions to reach the statutory cap for fiscal year 2013. In addition, as of June 7, 2012, the advanced degree exemption has been exhausted.

The Administrative Appeals Office (AAO) of the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) held in Matter of Skirball Cultural Center that the term "culturally unique," as used in P-3 nonimmigrant visa petitions, is not limited to traditional art forms and may include hybrid or fusion artistic expression.

On May 11, 2012, the Department of State issued a second interim final rule amending the regulatory requirements of the Summer Work Travel category of the Exchange Visitor Program. The second interim final rule builds on the first interim final rule issued in 2011 to further protect the health, safety and welfare of J-1 summer workers.

On May 4, 2012, the Office of the General Counsel of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) issued a guidance memorandum explaining that, under the NLRB's recent decision in Flaum Appetizing Corp., employers may not reverify emploment status of employees who are reinstated.

On April 26, 2012, in Bayou Lawn & Landscape Services v. Solis, the US District Court for the Northern District of Florida enjoined the US Department of Labor (DOL) from enforcing its new rule governing the H-2B guest worker program. The plaintiffs claim that the DOL has no authority to issue the rule. Implementation of the new rule is delayed while this case is adjudicated.

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) designated Syria for temporary protected status (TPS) for a period of 18 months ending on September 30, 2013. TPS beneficiaries are eligible to remain in the US and to request employment authorization documents that can be used to satisfy employment eligibility requirements.

In Vartelas v. Holder, the US Supreme Court held that the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA) does not apply retroactively to disable lawful permanent residents convicted of certain pre-IIRIRA offenses from taking short trips abroad.

The US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that it will begin accepting H-1B petitions toward the 2013 Fiscal Year (FY) cap on April 2, 2012. The number of H-1B petitions for FY 2013 is capped by Congress at 65,000, subject to several exemptions.

This Law Firm Publication by Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C. discusses the employment provisions of Alabama's immigration law. Effective April 1, 2012, Alabama employers must verify the immigration status of its employees using the federal E-Verify program. State contractors must provide a sworn affidavit that they do not knowingly hire, employ or continue to employ unauthorized aliens and that they have been using E-Verify since January 1, 2012.

The US Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit enjoined the enforcement of another two provisions of H.B. 56, Alabama's 2011 immigration law. The enjoined provisions bar residents from knowingly entering into contracts with illegal immigrants and ban illegal immigrants from entering business transactions with state and local governments. Several other provisions remain in effect, pending a full resolution of the appeal by an Eleventh Circuit panel.

The Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals (BALCA) sitting en banc ruled that an Office of Foreign Labor Certification certifying officer may not deny permanent labor certification based on an employer's failure to provide proof of publication of the State Workforce Agency job order containing the text of the order. In re A Cut Above Ceramic Tile clarifies recordkeeping requirements for PERM labor certification applications.

On February 21, 2012, the Department of Labor published new regulations governing the H-2B visa program for workers performing temporary or seasonal non-agricultural labor or services. These regulations replace the 2009 regulations, and they provide more protections for US workers and H-2B workers, add more requirements for employers to follow, and enhance oversight and enforcement of the H-2B program. The new regulations are effective April 23, 2012.

In Kawashima v. Holder, the US Supreme Court held that lawful permanent residents of the United States who file false tax returns, or aid in doing so, can be deported for committing "aggravated felonies" under the Immigration and Nationality Act.

On January 31, 2012, the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced a series of administrative reforms it will undertake to attract and retain highly skilled immigrants to stimulate US job creation.

The Department of Justice (DOJ) has released guidance on employer best practices during worksite enforcement audits. Employers whose Forms I-9 are audited by US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to verify compliance with the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) should follow this guidance to avoid a charge of IRCA based discrimination.

In Flaum Appetizing Corp. the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) determined that employers found to have discriminated against employees that engaged in concerted activity protected under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) must plead specifically and be prepared to offer evidence that a discriminatee is not authorized to work in the US, to challenge a back pay or reinstatement award under Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB. In its decision dated December 30, 2011, the NLRB constructed procedural barriers for employers wishing to avail themselves of that Supreme Court precedent, which held that the NLRB is prohibited from awarding backpay to an undocumented worker who violates the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). The NLRB struck an employer's Hoffman-related affirmative defense in NLRB compliance proceedings and denied the employer an evidentiary hearing to confirm that discriminatees were not eligible for backpay based on their immigration status. Member Hayes dissented.

In The Matters of Albert Einstein Medical Center and Abington Memorial Hospital, the Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals (BALCA) reviewed the Employment and Training Administration Certifying Officer (CO)'s denial of permanent labor certification applications made by two hospitals on behalf of their foreign medical residents. The CO's denial was on the grounds that the medical resident positions do not constitute permanent employment. BALCA determined that most medical residency programs do not constitute permanent employment. It vacated the denials and remanded the appeals to the CO to provide them with an opportunity to demonstrate that their residency programs fit the definition of permanent employment as required under the PERM regulations.

The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has announced that as of November 22, 2011, it had received a sufficient number of new H-1B visa specialty occupation petitions to reach the statutory cap for fiscal year 2012. In addition, as of October 19, 2011, the advanced degree exemption has been exhausted.

This Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C. memorandum discusses key changes to the South Carolina Illegal Immigration and Reform Act scheduled to take effect January 1, 2012. As of January 1, all South Carolina employers must use E-Verify to confirm the employment eligibility of newly hired employees and may have their employment licenses suspended or revoked for failing to do so.

On October 20, 2011, the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) reversed its September 12, 2011 policy change, and announced that it would return to mailing original notices for immigration petitions and applications directly to attorneys and representatives if the petitioner or applicant has authorized the representation.

The US Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit enjoined the enforcement of two provisions of Alabama's new immigration law, requiring schools to check students' immigration status and allowing police to charge immigrants, unable to show lawful presence, with a misdemeanor. Several other provisions remain in effect, pending a full resolution of the appeal by an Eleventh Circuit panel.

This Ford & Harrison, LLP memorandum covers California's recent enaction of The Employment Acceleration Act of 2011. The new law prohibits California state and local governments from requiring employers to use the federal E-Verify program to check the employment eligibility of new employees. Despite the new law, California employers must continue to comply with the federal Employment Eligibility Verification (form I-9) process as well as the federal E-Verify requirements for federal contractors. Employers are also free to use the E-Verify program voluntarily.

This Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C. memorandum discusses the US District Court of the Northern District of Alabama's ruling on Alabama's controversial immigration law. The court held that several provisions could not be enforced pending a final judgment on the law's constitutionality. However, the ruling does not affect the provision requiring Alabama employers to use the federal E-Verify program to confirm an applicant's legal immigration status.

Employers that request specific or unnecesary work authorization documents from their employees violate the anti-discrimination provision of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). On August 22, 2011, the US Department of Justice reached a settlement with Farmland Foods, Inc. regarding the company's requests for discriminatory documents. Farmland's civil fines are the highest ever assessed in a settlement agreement under IRCA.

In Limanseto v. Ganze & Company, the DOL held that an employer has to pay back wages to a former H-1B employee because it did not terminate the employee according to the requirements of the H-1B program. Specifically, the employer never offered to pay the cost of the employee's return trip.

The NLRB recently held in Mezonos Maven Bakery, Inc. that it lacks authority to award backpay damages to undocumented workers if either the workers or their employer have violated the Immigration Reform and Control Act. The NLRB relied on the US Supreme Court's ruling in Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB.

This Law Firm Publication by Jackson Lewis, P.C. discusses a new amendment to California law providing additional protections against unfair immigration-related practices in the employment of foreign nationals. SB-1001 protects employment applicants from prohibited employment practices, in addition to the employees previously covered. In addition, the new law prohibits employers from refusing to honor work authorization documents based on an applicant's or employee's status and from trying to reinvestigate or reverify a current employee's work status unless the federal government has made a request. Finally, the new law allows individuals aggrieved by prohibited unfair immigration-related practices to file a complaint with the California Labor Commissioner. The new law takes effect on January 1, 2017.

This Law Firm Publication by Jackson Lewis P.C. addresses a new Colorado immigration law signed by Governor John Hickenlooper. Since 2007, in addition to the requirement that employers verify the work authorization of all newly hired employees to comply with federal Form I-9 requirements, Colorado has required the completion and retention of an additional affirmation form and the retention of several employee I-9 documents. House Bill 16-114 eliminates these additional verification and retention requirements, effective August 10, 2016. Employers remain subject to the heightened administrative requirements for employees hired until that date.

This Law Firm Publication by Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C. discusses a new Louisiana law requiring hotels to display a poster publicizing the National Human Trafficking Resource Center hotline, as of August 1, 2016. Louisiana law previously required the poster at certain non-hotel businesses, including massage parlors, strips clubs, sexually-oriented businesses, outpatient abortion clinics, and gas stations near an interstate highway or rest stop. Covered hotels exclude bed-and-breakfasts with ten or fewer rooms and certain camping facilities. Any covered hotel that violates the posting requirement may face civil fines or the revocation of its liquor license.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Myanmar. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Myanmar as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Albania. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Barbados as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Guatemala. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Guatemala as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Macedonia. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Canada as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Anguilla. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Anguilla as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Dominican Republic. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Dominican Republic as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/resources/global-guides/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Finland. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Finland as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Peru. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Peru as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Switzerland. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Switzerland as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Bulgaria. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans: Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Bulgaria. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in China. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in the Cayman Islands. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in the Cayman Islands as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Canada. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Canada as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in China. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Canada. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Germany. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Luxembourg. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Sweden. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in the United Arab Emirates. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Finland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans: Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Switzerland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans: Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in the UK (England and Wales). The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans: Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Finland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in France. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Gibraltar. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Mexico. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Myanmar. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Serbia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Slovenia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Switzerland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Taiwan. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to establishing a business in South Africa. This Q&A gives an overview of the key issues in establishing a business in South Africa, including an introduction to the legal system; the available business vehicles and their applicable formalities; corporate governance structures and requirements; foreign investment incentives and restrictions; currency regulations; and tax and employment issues. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Establishing a business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to establishing a business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/ebi-guide.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Finland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Pensions: Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-guide.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Switzerland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. To compare answer across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Pensions: Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to pensions law. For a full list of jusisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-guide.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Ireland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Pensions: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-guide.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in France. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Pensions: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Pakistan. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Pakistan as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Hong Kong. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Vietnam. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in France. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans: Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits in South Africa. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Germany. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Pensions: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-guide.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in the United States. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Pensions: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-guide.

A Q&A guide to investing in Australia. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in Canada. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in the Netherlands. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to investing in the United Kingdom. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in Brazil. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in Germany. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in Hong Kong. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in India. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in Israel. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in Malta. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in Mexico. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in Spain. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in Switzerland. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Indonesia. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in South Africa. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Pensions: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in China. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in Cyprus. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in Luxembourg. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in Monaco. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in United States. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in France. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in Italy. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to business immigration in Turkey. This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting business immigration, including information on the jurisdiction's sources of immigration law; relevant government entities; requirements for unsponsored and sponsored immigration; requirements for sponsors; civil and criminal penalties for sponsors; common issues and concerns; dependants; settlement and citizenship; recent trends and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Business Immigration Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to business immigration. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/immigration-guide.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in South Africa. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans: Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Barbados. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Barbados as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Japan. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-guide.

A Q&A guide to establishing a business in Mexico. This Q&A gives an overview of the key issues in establishing a business in Mexico, including an introduction to the legal system; the available business vehicles and their applicable formalities; corporate governance structures and requirements; foreign investment incentives and restrictions; currency regulations; and tax and employment issues. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Establishing a business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to establishing a business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/ebi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Bahrain. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in South Korea. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in South Korea as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Ukraine. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Costa Rica. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Costa Rica as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Serbia. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Serbia as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Bulgaria. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Bulgaria as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in France. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in France as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Iceland. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Malta. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Malta as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Nigeria. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Nigeria as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Thailand. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to establishing a business in Australia. This Q&A gives an overview of the key issues in establishing a business in Australia, including an introduction to the legal system; the available business vehicles and their applicable formalities; corporate governance structures and requirements; foreign investment incentives and restrictions; currency regulations; and tax and employment issues. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Establishing a business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to establishing a business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/ebi-guide.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Isle of Man. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Pensions: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-guide.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in the UK (England and Wales). The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Pensions: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Bermuda. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Bermuda as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Cyprus. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Cyprus as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Hong Kong. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Hong Kong as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in the United Arab Emirates. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in the United States. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in China. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Pensions: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-guide.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in India. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Pensions: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in the United Kingdom. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in the United Kingdom as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in China. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in China as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Czech Republic. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Czech Republic as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Germany. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Germany as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Gibraltar. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Gibraltar as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Luxembourg. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Luxembourg as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Mauritius. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Nicaragua. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Nicaragua as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Thailand. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Thailand as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in United States: Iowa. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in United States: Iowa as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Brazil. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Cyprus. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Greece. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in India. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Indonesia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Ireland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Italy. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Turkey. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in the UK (England and Wales). The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Angola. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Angola as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Australia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans: Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in the United States. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans: Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Argentina. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Pensions: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-guide.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Indonesia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Pensions: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Brazil. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Brazil as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in India. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in India as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in the Russian Federation. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in South Africa. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in South Africa as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Turkey. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Turkey as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Japan. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Australia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Pensions: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-guide.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Turkey. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans: Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Australia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to establishing a business in South Korea. This Q&A gives an overview of the key issues in establishing a business in South Korea, including an introduction to the legal system; the available business vehicles and their applicable formalities; corporate governance structures and requirements; foreign investment incentives and restrictions; currency regulations; and tax and employment issues. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Establishing a business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the Global guide to establishing a business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/ebi-guide.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Italy. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Pensions: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-guide.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Argentina. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Indonesia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans: Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Russian Federation. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans: Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in the Russian Federation. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Brazil. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Pensions: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Taiwan. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Taiwan as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Italy. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plans and phantom share plans, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans: Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in South Korea. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans: Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Spain. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in South Korea. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits: Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Bangladesh. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Bangladesh as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Denmark. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Denmark as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Egypt. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Morocco. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Morocco as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in United States: New Mexico. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in United States: New Mexico as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the global guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-guide.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Germany. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans: Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Italy. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Italy as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in the Philippines. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Mexico. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme insolvency. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-mjg.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Austria. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Ecuador. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Ecuador as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Austria. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Panama. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Turks and Caicos Islands. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Turks and Caicos Islands as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Austria. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee Share Plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-guide.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Colombia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Ireland. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Ireland as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in the Russian Federation. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Mexico. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Mexico as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in India. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Hong Kong. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Australia. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Germany. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Malaysia. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Malaysia as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Sweden. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Bulgaria. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in United States: Colorado. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in United States: Colorado as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Romania. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Romania as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Mexico. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Romania. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Panama. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Cyprus. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Romania. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Kuwait. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Kuwait as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Argentina. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Spain. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: employment status; background checks; permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Spain. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-mjg.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in the United Arab Emirates. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Canada. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-mjg.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Turkey. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-mjg.

South Korea Q&A guide to pensions law in South Korea. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Pensions law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/pensions-mjg.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Gibraltar. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to pensions law in Colombia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: state pensions; supplementary pensions; funding and solvency requirements; tax on pensions; business transfers; participation in pension schemes; and employer insolvency and overall scheme solvency. The Q&A is part of the Multi-jurisdictional Guide to Employment and Employee Benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Colombia. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Colombia as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Portugal. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Portugal as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Bolivia. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Bolivia as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in United States: Oklahoma. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in United States: Oklahoma as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Cambodia. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Cambodia as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in United States: Delaware. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in United States: Delaware as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in United States: Michigan. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in United States: Michigan as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in United States: Puerto Rico. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in United States: Puerto Rico as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Singapore. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Singapore as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing Business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Chile. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Chile as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Panama. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Panama as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in US: Alabama. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in US: Alabama as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Denmark. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Luxembourg. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employee share plans law in Venezuela. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including, whether share plans are common and can be offered by foreign parent companies, the structure and rules relating to the different types of share option plan, share purchase plan and phantom share plan, taxation, corporate governance guidelines, consultation duties, exchange control regulations, taxation of internationally mobile employees, prospectus requirements, and necessary regulatory consents and filings. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employee share plans Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employee share plans law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employeeshareplans-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits in Belgium. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in the Czech Republic. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Denmark. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Guernsey. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Jersey. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits in Norway. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Portugal. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in The Netherlands. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits in Venezuela. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Canada. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Canada. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Mozambique. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Saudi Arabia. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in the United States. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/resources/multi-jurisdictional-guides/dbi-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Argentina. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business in... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Belgium. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Canada. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Canada. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Hungary. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in New Zealand. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in the Republic of Moldova. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in The Netherlands. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Vietnam. This Q&A gives an overview of the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Doing business In... Country Q&A Tool. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/about/doingbusinessin-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Poland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to labour and employee benefits in Hungary. This Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to doing business in Belarus. This Q&A gives an overview of key recent developments affecting doing business in Belarus as well as an introduction to the legal system; foreign investment, including restrictions, currency regulations and incentives; and business vehicles and their relevant restrictions and liabilities. The article also summarises the laws regulating employment relationships, including redundancies and mass layoffs, and provides short overviews on competition law; data protection; and product liability and safety. In addition, there are comprehensive summaries on taxation and tax residency; and intellectual property rights over patents, trade marks, registered and unregistered designs. This article is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to doing business worldwide. For a full list of contents, please visit www.practicallaw.com/dbi-mjg.

Search the Country Q&A in the Employment and Employee Benefits Global Guide by question and jurisdiction. Step 1: Check the boxes to select the questions and the jurisdictions for comparison. Step 2: Click the "submit" button. Step 3: Scroll down to view answers and check law stated dates for each jurisdiction.

Search the Pensions Country Q&A in the Pensions Multi-jurisdictional Guide by question and jurisdiction. Step 1: Check the boxes to select the questions and the jurisdictions for comparison. Step 2: Click the "submit" button. Step 3: Scroll down to view answers and check law stated dates for each jurisdiction.

This Law Firm Publication by Jackson Lewis P.C. discusses a new bill, S.B. 374, signed into law on June 10, 2015 by Texas Governor Greg Abbott requiring Texas state agencies to use E-Verify, a system managed by US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) that compares I-9 forms with Social Security Administration (SSA) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) records to ensure that newly hired employees are eligible to work in the US. The new law authorizes the Texas Workforce Commission to oversee the process of state agencies implementing E-Verify. The law, which takes effect on September 1, 2015, does not apply to private companies that contract with state agencies.

This tool enables subscribers to search the Country Q&A in the Doing Business In... multi jurisdictional guide by question and jurisdiction. Simply select the questions and the jurisdictions that you are interested in and click the "submit" button. Please also note this project is currently being updated so the Q&A tool will not include all available jurisdictions in this subject area.

Search the Country Q&A in the Employee Share Plans Global Guide by question and jurisdiction. Step 1: Check the boxes to select the questions and the jurisdictions for comparison. Step 2: Click the "submit" button. Step 3: Scroll down to view answers and check law stated dates for each jurisdiction.