Widespread drunkenness, especially among American men, during the 19th century gave rise to the temperance movement, which aimed to improve the health and well-being of Americans through alcohol abstinence.

When Prohibition took effect in 1920, some Americans had no intention of abandoning their enjoyment of alcohol. They found what they were looking for in underground drinking establishments, commonly called speakeasies, which became crucibles for dramatic social and cultural change.

Prohibition laws included two exceptions that allowed legal consumption of alcohol for medicinal and religious reasons, and organized crime took full advantage of the loopholes. The production of industrial-grade alcohol, meanwhile, turned fatal, as thousands died from swallowing the poisonous substance.

The thousands of speakeasies that opened during Prohibition created venues for jazz musicians to make a living and grow the audience for their emerging musical style. The invention of the jukebox spread popular music far and wide.

Women during the 1920s abandoned the styles of their Victorian-era mothers and embraced bobs, beads and higher hemlines. The “flapper” eschewed corsets and floor-length gowns in favor of free-flowing, ornately decorated attire.

Bootleggers needed fast cars and skilled drivers to evade law enforcement while getting their products to market. Some of the most skilled booze runners and mechanics went on to form the foundation of stock car racing.

When Prohibition took effect, many brewers, distilleries and vineyards were put out of business. But some converted their operations to make other products, including cheese, ice cream and even pottery.

After years of hapless enforcement and with public support lagging, the 18th Amendment was repealed in 1933.Prohibition was deemed a failure, and soon after Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president in 1932, the 18th Amendment was repealed.