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GENERAL STUDIES,Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences

International Islamic University

Malaysia

The acts of pride,

arrogance, superiority, selfishness, enmity and disrespect for others, have createdsince the very beginning of human history a very hostile environment, which has been an immenseobstacle for the construction of a friendly and mutual engagement among people. Such engagement cantake place in different aspects of peoplesâ€™ daily activities, like religious, civilizational, political,sociological, cultural, economic, and so on. The most important engagement, which is related withpeoplesâ€™ spiritual and material aspects of life, is, however, the inter-faith engagement. AlthoughAllah (s.w.t.) has revealed to humanity only one Transcendental Way of Life called DÃŠn; yet peoplefollow different ways by creating different religious communities living in a society characterized bydiversity. Indeed, the scholarship of inter-faith engagement has been introduced in our contemporarytime. However, guidelines for this scholarship have been addressed in the Qurâ€™Ã‰n and applied bythe Prophet (p.b.u.h.) fourteen centuries ago. This paper has attempted to discuss the scholarship ofinter-faith engagement as promoted by the Qurâ€™Ã‰n and its application in the lifetime of theProphet (p.b.u.h.), as well as the approach of selected contemporary Muslim scholars towardsthisscholarship.

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Case 4-

Bank Muamalat: Case Study of Islamic Management

Khaliq Ahmad,Kaliq Ahmad, Azhar Kazmi

Kaliq Ahmad, Azhar Kazmi

Business Administration,Kulliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences

International Islamic University

Malaysia

The development in Islamic capital market with heavy focus on Islamic finance and banking was oneof the better known initiatives of Malaysia, and one that has elevated the country to an enviable positionin the worldâ€™s financial landscape. Thus managing the banking activity based on Islamic law orShariah principles became a focus of academic scrutiny. Islamic banking has the same purpose asconventional banking except that it operates in accordance with the rules of Shariah, known as Fiqh al-Muamalat (Islamic rules of transactions). The basic principle of Islamic banking is the sharing of profitand loss and the prohibition of riba' (interest). Amongst the common Islamic concepts used in Islamicbanking are profit sharing (Mudharabah), safekeeping (Wadiah), joint venture (Musharakah), cost-plus(Murabahah) and leasing (Ijarah).

In Malaysia we have intensified the promotion of this sector overseas and in other Islamic markets inparticular through the sharing of shariah knowledge in Islamic Banking since the industry took offglobally with the introduction of the Islamic Development Bank in Jeddah in 1970. In 1974, the IslamicBank of Dubai became the first ever to be launched. The earliest form of Islamic banking in Malaysiacan be traced to the setting up of the Perbadanan Wang Simpana Bakal-Bakal Haji, the precursor to thepresent-day Tabung Haji (TH). The National Steering Committee on Islamic Bank was established inJuly 1980 culminating in the establishment of Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad in

1983. In 1993,commercial banks, merchant banks and finance companies were allowed to offer Islamic bankingproducts and services under the Islamic Banking Scheme (IBS). Bank Muamalat Malaysia Bhd. tookthis opportunity to move into this industry and joined the existing Islamic banks in the country.

Bank Muamalat is now one the leading banks in Malaysia. It had 46 branches, 5 service centres andLabuan Offshore branch. The Bank had existing staff strength of about 1,400 employees. Theproficiency and integrity was on high a high alert vis-Ã-vis an increased level of competition in theMalaysian industry of Islamic banking and finance since the country has braced cautious move ofglobalization with an opening of equal number of international Islamic banks.

Islamic Revealed Knowledgeand Heritage

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BANK RAKYAT CASE: Vision Remains and Mission Revisited

Khaliq Ahmad,Khaliq Ahmad, Azhar KazmiKhaliq Ahmad, Azhar Kazmi

Business Administration,Kulliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences

International Islamic University

Malaysia

The slogan, â€œof the people, for the people, by the peopleâ€• comes home. The Bank RakyatMalaysia offers a different kind of retail banking. Bank Rakyat evolved drastically from a cooperativesystem of management to a newly found destiny of an adventurous entity ready to face very hostilecompetitive market forces of Islamic banking and finance industry.

This was a cooperative bank that joined Islamic banking and finance industry. The Bank needed tocreate a culture of change in order to be flexible to adapt to changing external environments and beconsistent in its vision but revisit its mission and objectives underneath which should also be in linewith its founding fathers idea of serving its members in a new structure in order to aid effective decisionmaking and communication with stakeholders.

The above change facilitated subsequently to achieve its future growth strategies and planningactivities, which was imperative for its future survival. Finally the Bank so far had portrayed its imageas beingresponsive, transparent and honest corporate citizen despite host of issues and challengesahead.

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CONCEPT OF IMPERMANENCE IN THE CONTEXT OFINTERFAITH DAILOGUE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

The concept of impermanence is one of the important doctrines in Islam and Buddhism, whichdetermines the human actions and intentions. The life, according to this doctrine, is a process ofevaporating. Both Buddhism and Islam agree that temptation in the life is the test to qualify a personinto the status of permanent. However, Islam determines the Muslims to overcome the temptations byprescribing the doings and not doings while Buddhism does not. This study has undertaken to evaluatethe human expectations and determines in the context of impermanence while discovering thesimilarities and differences between Islam

and Buddhism.

P-64

GMF-

Food for All? Islamic legal perspectives on GeneticallyModified Food

Dr. Anke Iman Bouzenita,Dr Anke Iman BouzenitaDr Anke Iman Bouzenita

Department of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh,Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and HumanSciences

International Islamic University

Malaysia

Genetically Modified Food (GMF) has become a reality worldwide. Concerns as to its healthinnocuousness, ecological and economic implications have been raised around the globe as well. TheparticularIslamic exigencies on nutrition (the halal status) require Islamic legal deliberations on thepermissibility of GMF, not only for the Muslim consumer, but also with regard to research andproduction. The project investigates the transferability of Islamiclegal tools and concepts, such asistihalah (chemical transformation), istihlak (extreme dissolution), jallalah (animal feeding on impurefood), the change of creation, the benefit/harm paradigm and others to the case of GMF incorporatingDNA from halal or

mixed halal-

non-halal sources. It underlines that research on the permissibility ofGMF needs to go beyond the mere isolated issuing of fatwas on the end product, but rather has to takethe overall rational of its existence into consideration.

Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage

P-120

The Similarities and Contrasts among the Abrahamic Faiths: AnEvaluation of the Analysis from the Holy Texts

This project is a proposition to address â€œThe Fundamental Theoryof KnowledgeManagementâ€ (KM) from Islamic point of views, to draw the notion of â€œIslamic Worldviewâ€of knowledge, especially in terms of understanding its nature in the reality of knowledge society, as astep toward formulating the essence of promising performance in an Islamic organizational setting.Thus, with the assumption that once knowledge is managed, then it is possible to look at its behaviours,functions, and process of development in the form of scientific realm. Hypothetically, if there were nosingle theory formulated to identify the nature of knowledge, then how can it be managed and achieveits goals? In other words, â€œIslamic Knowledge Managementâ€• (IKM) is the answer to theuncertainty situation of contemporary knowledge development, management and utilization especiallyfor Muslim users conceptualization and application. They have to explore new techniques andprocessing tools that helps them harness knowledge in according to their conceptual believe system,especially in term of knowledge investigation and sharing in which help them to improve theirvicegerent (VG) status and humanistic relationship. { Ø­Ø¨Ù„ Ù…Ù† Ø§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ ÙˆØ­Ø¨Ù„ Ù…Ù†Ø§Ù„Ù†Ø§Ø³ }. IKM as an Islamic system is intended for particular areas of application andobjectives based on â€œknowledge intensive processing actionâ€• (KIPA) known (in Islamic Studies)as {Ø§Ø¬ØªÙ‡Ø§Ø¯}, in which it is depending on some human expert intervention in order toestablish a comprehensive and integrated organizational culture, commitments and management, or tobetter perform the process in producing a production, marketing campaigns, systems analysis anddesign, and strategy in reducing operational cost and business risk, in improving decision making forstrategic future development and identifying new technical approaches in problem solving, or even forthe purpose to harmonize inter-cultural and personalities gaps within an organizational community.

P-249

Islamization of Arabic Language Curriculum (IALC) for an Inter-cultural Adjustment

This research is a proposition to address the issue of â€œIslamizationâ€• as a Fundamental Theoryof Educational Development and Application within Muslim World as the lattes notion of â€œIslamicWorldviewâ€• introduced and applied by Muslim educational institution, especially in terms ofunderstanding its nature in the reality of contemporary educational development and societal needs, as astep toward formulating the essence of Muslim promising performance in the global arena. Thus, withthe assumption that once Islamic educational system is well structured, then it is possible to look at itsbehavioural impacts, functions and nobility. Hypothetically, if there were no single descriptionIslamic Revealed Knowledgeand Heritage

concerning this issue, than how can it development, performance and achievement been evaluated andrespected. Furthermore, Islamization of Educational Curriculum (IEC) is considered as the answer forthe call to resolve the uncertainty situation faced by the Muslim world since its early encounters withWestern civilizationand remain until today caught up in a vicious circle such as Islam phobia andfundamentalism.

P-285

THE SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE IN THE QUR`AN

IBRAHIM SHOGAR,Dr. Ibrahim ShogarDr. Ibrahim Shogar

COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL SCIENCES,Kulliyyah of Science

International Islamic University

Malaysia

THE SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE IN THE QUR`AN

The main objective of the research is to address the epistemic dimensions of the Qur`anic discourse.The Holy Qur`an, as a comprehensive discourse to mankind, provides both:moral and epistemologicalaspects of guidance. The dawn of human history had begun by searching on nature. Observation andcontemplation are the major tools to unfold the truth about the physical world. Driven by curiously andaided by new inventions, mankind has been searching to find unity and regularity in the diversity of thenatural process. The birth of scientific knowledge in early Islamic civilization was inspired by theQur`an, which eliminated the Darkness of pre-Islamic community (Jahiliyyah). Muslim scientists,philosophers, and theologians such as Ibn Sina, Ibin al-Hyitham and al-Ghazali, were spokesmen of thatera. Envisioned by Islamic world view, they understood the Qur`anic guidance properly and accepted allprinciples of scientific research. Therefore they carried out their investigation for the benefit ofhumanity and for spiritual ends. For them, observation of nature and increasing knowledge are not anend in itself. Recourse to rationality and sense perceptions would lead to understanding the wonders ofcreation and appreciation of the Creator.

To regain their glory in science, technology and innovation, the modern Muslim scientists mayneed to consider the following points:

1.

The major source of research motivation can be found only

in basic beliefs of every nationand its cultural settings. Creation of the curiosity and creative mind, through reconstruction of thescientific world view was one of the main objectives of the Holy Qur`an when it revealed, for first time,to pre-Islamic

community.

2.

The Qur`anic approach on science must utilized to create research spirit on Muslim scholarsand scientists. Indeed, it is a inspiring method for scientist to seek answers to their problems andchallenges of the age in the depth of the Qur`anic revelation. They should not deal with the Holy Qur`anas a mere Book of recitation for blessings, but also as a source of knowledge, as a deriving force ofideas and inspiration for search in nature and human phenomena.

3.

While they searching for the best method to reactivate the creative aspect of Muslim mind,they have to update their religious thinking. To be a religious, according to Qur`anic verses, is toâ€œReadâ€ in both, the book of nature and the Revealed Book, which started by â€œIqraâ€.

4.

â€œCreation of research spiritâ€• should be the main objective in the modern history andphilosophy of Islamic science. To achieve this goal, the Muslim scholars need to make deep reflectionon their history and their sources of research motivation whichcreated such epistemological awarenesson early Muslim scientists.

5.

Instilling the Islamic view of man, nature and ultimate realty; is essential to develop newepistemology and new attitudes toward science, technology and innovation.

Use of computer provided a great potential to deal with the Arabic texts more easily. Furthermore,the use of database presented more possibilities to deal with texts and process it in an orderly manner.Therehave been several attempts to take care of the Quranic text in a way offers the possibility to dealwith it in a fast and accurate way. Despite the availability of some search engines for the Quranic text.

The aim of this research is to set up databases at

the level of word, root, and letters, to establish acomputerized database of the Holy Qur'an in an appropriate manner. It will be the basic of all disciplinesand legitimate branches of Hadith, jurisprudence, the principles of Quran sciences and its interpretation,and the Arabic language. This is done for the benefit of largest possible number of researchers andscholars in the field of Arabic language and the Holy Quran. The project was started by setting thefoundations for dealing with the basics of the Quranic word. This research contains a general statisticsabout the Holy Quran as stated in the Othmanic copies of Quran.

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THE SCIENTIFIC THINKING IN ISLAM: FACTORS OFFLOURISHING AND DECLINE

IBRAHIM SHOGAR,Dr. Ibrahim ShogarDr. Ibrahim Shogar

COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL SCIENCES,Kulliyyah of Science

International Islamic University

Malaysia

THE SCIENTIFIC THINKING IN ISLAM:

FACTORS OF FLOURISHING AND DECLINE

The significant role played by the science and technology for human development isbecome moreimportant in the modern age. The contemporary Muslim societies have a little chance to progresswithout scientific thinking. The quality of live, in this competitive world, is based on the intellectualvalue of mind. Mankind acts according to the way he thinks, the proper way of thinking creates properactions. The Holy Qur`an launched its glorious mission to mankind by â€œIqraâ€• due to the fact thequality of thought directly affects the quality of action, and both the quality of thought and quality ofaction affect the quality of live. At the opening of its golden age about eighth century and for nearly athousand years the Islamic civilization remained creative in science, technology and innovation. Theachievements of Muslim scientists surpassed all their contemporaries. The scientific world view ofIslam was the inspiring force of their inquiry and all research activities. At that time the Islamic worldwas ranged from Spain and Morocco, through Damascus, Cairo and Baghdad, to Persia and North India.Even by comparison with Medieval Europe, Islamic world was more prosperous, productive andculturally rich civilization. However, starting around sixteenth century the Islamic civilization began towane, losing ground to other nations. Today, Muslim communities are facing global challenges,especially scientific and technological challenges. There are many questions need to be addressed byMuslim scholars of today: (1) what the main factors behind flourishing of science and technology in theMuslim communities of the past? (2) What were the main causes of decadence of the scientific thinkingin Islam? (3) How we could restore the Islamic creative thinking again?

The work has concluded that science in Islamic civilization was flourished due to many

factors,including:

1.

The positive attitude of Islam towards science and knowledge inquiry

2.

The universal nature of Islam (unity in diversity and multicultural society was source ofcreativity)

The position of women in Islam is one of the much debated issues in our time. Academics both fromwithin the Islamic culture and outside have their own theoretical constructs about the legal position ofwomen in Islam, particularly in the context of Islamic family law. One when surveying the availableliterature can identify two divergent theories on this issue. One body of opinions theorizes some whatreduced legal status for women in the family, as a sister, daughter, mother and wife. Others converselydisagree by maintaining that normative sources of Islam and its laws do not sustain such a relegatedview of women in the family. It is either on account of deviation from the ideal law or thesuperimposition of customary practices, cultures and habits into it which position women as subordinateto men in the family. To remedy the situation, the approaches and methodologies are more diverse. Inthis paper, therefore, we attempt to critically examine some major issues with the idea of identifyingthe legislative framework which is in congruence with Islamic methodology of reform to correct themisconceptions about the elevated position of Muslim women in the family.

P-349

Optimization of philanthropic Waqf: The Need for Maqasid-basedLegislative Strategies

Waqaf institution was most central in financing socio-religious and public welfare systems during theearly days of Islam. More importantly, the contribution of philanthropic endowment(waqf khayri)substantiallyfinanced and sustained the social welfare institutions in Muslim societies. Gradually,however, the creation of this type of waqf dwindled and degenerated. Today, by and large, the waqfconsists of religious kind particularly in Malaysia. To remedy this situation, we believe that we do notonly need to rethink of the regulatory cum institutional structures of waqf but also have to seriouslyearmark jurisprudential strategies for the revival of waq khayri in this direction.

Arabic language is the language of Holy Qurâ€™an and Hadith as well as the language of knowledgein the Islamic world. Some Islamic countries for example Malaysia have embarked in making theArabic language a central language in their education system. The year 2010 will mark a new beginningfor Arabic Teaching in Malaysia as the Arabic language will be made a compulsory subject in allnational primary schools. Therefore, these schools are required to collaborate in order to create asuitable learning environment for this language. These schools are also striving hard to develop theessential language teaching skill in non-Arabic environments.

The teaching of the Arabic language has been gaining grounds in Malaysian schools for the past tenyers, as noted by the increase in the numbers of national schools which have made Arabic as an electivesubject. Ironically, there are still students who cannot speak Arabic because the environmentIslamic Revealed Knowledgeand Heritage

surrounding them does not encourage the development of such skills.

The researcher finds it necessary to expand the language teaching skills in schools by using themethodology which provides the opportunity to practice the language taught in and outside the class.The question is, what are the right strategies through collaboration with the schools to bring aboutgreater proficiency of learners of Arabic in Malaysian schools.

P-384

Title: Perception on Women in Judicial Leadership as a Judge inModern Context: A Critical Study ofthe Responses of MuslimScholars

Md Yousuf Ali Ali,not applicablenot applicable

GENERAL STUDIES,Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences

International Islamic University

Malaysia

The issue of womenâ€™s judgeship in Islam is a challenge and much debatable subject. Theinterpretation of the verses is seen by almost all Muslim scholars regarding the issue as the literal wordsof Allah(swt). The satance of the majority classical as well as contemporary Muslim scholars is notidentical, but confusible. In modern context, regarding womenâ€™s judgship, some Muslim scholarsand Muslim faminists have applied a contexual approach with regard to the historical, social, andpolitical context in

which the verses were revealed in order to disclose an underlying liberal intent,which may liberate Muslim from literal reading of the Qur`an. They argued that the present socio-politico-economic milieu demands women to participate in nation-building ingeneral and in judicialleadership as a judge in particular. However, regarding the issue of judgship, there are two opinions ofMuslims: a) womenâ€™s judgship is allowed b) womanâ€™s judgship is proscribed. However, thosewho are in fevor face a particular challenge and accusation from traditional Muslim scholars. Theaccusation is that they are not loyal to the teaching of Islam and its heritage, but produces a liberal Islamand liberal shari`ah, influenced by the Western values and imposed upon Islam.

This research aims to examine IslÃ‰mic perception on women in judicial leadership on theresponses of both classical and modern Muslim scholars focusing on women can be appointed as judgesin both the general civil courts as well as the SharÃŠÃ‘ah courts on

the basis of the textual arguments ofthe Qurâ€™Ã‰n and Sunnah. The study intends to focus on: a) expecting to generate knowledge aboutthe nature and pattern of the perception on women in judicial leadership from both classical as well ascontemporary Muslim scholars .b) adding a critical analysis of a crucial issue such as can women beallowed to be appointed as a judge in both the general civil courts as well the SharÃŠÃ‘ah courts forbetter understanding of the need of their appointment in a social and

global context. c) investigating andclarifying the contradictions between textual sources and differing interpretations about womenâ€™sjudicial leadership. d) recommending the SharÃŠÃ‘ah based guidelines and principles to overcome thepredicament that can allow women to participate to contribute in judicial institution and e) providingsome suggestions for the future research. The study presents the arguments through verification andsubstantiation that can be translated into materializing the role of women in the Muslim society.Theresearch is also highly expected to produce articles to be published in the journals of internationalrepute.

P-435

Family Institution from Islamic and Western SociologicalPerspectives: Analysis

Md Yousuf Ali Ali,nono

GENERAL STUDIES,Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences

International Islamic University

Malaysia

The family as a macrocosm of society requires critical consideration when we observe crisis offamily institution in the postmodern age. The family institution, along with its role and functions, isdrastically changing in the context of globalized family values and cultures. In modern westernsociology, the family institution is simply understood as a system of relationship in which peopleliveIslamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage

together with commitment, form an economic unit, and take care of their children. However, in Islam,the family institution is taken as a different concept where the spouses not merely live together withcommitment, but rather they form a social unitbased on divinely prescribed principles and directives.The economic unit that an Islamic family would form should be based on lawful (halal) means ofincome. The socialization process in Islamic family is also different from the western sociologicalperspective in the sense that Islamic family teaches children the values and culture of obeying theirparents (as opposed to total freedom), complying with the rules of Shariâ€™ah, and abiding by otherresponsibilities towards the family and society. In line with the functionalist perspective, we view thefamily as a crucial agent for maintaining stability in society. Hence, there is a serious need to criticallyevaluate the family institution in the changing perspective of the twenty-first century.

This studyaims to evaluate the nature and pattern of family institution from both Islamic andWestern sociological perspectives towards a better understanding of the family institution that carriesout the role of Ã‘Abd and KhalÃŠfah of Allah on earth. In particular, it intends to focus on: a)analyzing the meanings, characteristics, similarities and differences between both modern Westernsociological and Islamic perspectives on family institution; b) identifying the shortcomings and negativeelements from western sociological perspective on family institution and evaluate critically their impactfrom Islamic perspective; and most importantly, c) analyzing some fundamental issues of the familyinstitution comparatively from Islamic and western sociological perspectives, (d) discussingrequirements that can strengthen Islamic family institution. The study is intended to outline achronological development of the family institution from Islamic and Western sociological tradition.The three main key issues, i.e. marriage, the role of parents, and the role of children of family institutionwill be elaborated and evaluated with the concept, characteristics, principles and application from boththe perspectives. The study would include practical suggestions and recommendations for strengtheningthe Islamic family institution in the globalized era. Discussion would include implications of theresearch findings, shortcomings of the current study, and directions for future research.

P-438

Integration of Knowledge in Theory and

Practice: The Contributionof Bediuzzaman Said Nuri

Md Yousuf Ali Ali,nono

GENERAL STUDIES,Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences

International Islamic University

Malaysia

Integration of knowledge represents the intellectual and epistemological aspect of Islam is achallenge. In the history of Islam, in a sense spans the tradition that began with the patriarch Ibrahimand reached its zenith in the last prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Indeed the first revelationof the Qur'an is â€œto read and writeâ€• and the prophet of Islam continued its process until therevelation of the whole Qur'an was completed during his lifetime. Muslim scholars and thinkers wereconcern to develop manâ€™s intellectual efforts in the various ages. The integration process ofknowledge was revived in the twentieth century by several scholars and thinkers, one of whom wasBadiuzzaman Said Nursi (1877-1960). This approach argues that without integration of knowledgebetween religious sciences and modern sciences in accordance with the need of time, the progress anddevelopment is not possible. Such an approach is particularly compelling because it can eschew theaccusation that Western values are being imposed upon Islam. Muslim scholars who proposed theprocess of integration have faced resistance from traditionalists. The accusation is that they are not loyalto Islam and deny its heritage.

However, one of the highly influential intellectual andreformer Bediuzzaman Said Nursi and hiswritings were timely which greatly contributed to understand the reformation of the society and thenecessity of the integration of knowledge. Many Islamic thinkers and activists were influenced all overthe world by

his intellectual effort. His ideas took shape in Turkey in influencing contemporaryintellectuals. However, he is well known for his scholarship and reformation to expound the Islamicteachings, but his efforts at Integration of knowledge have not received the scholarly attention theydeserved.

This article focuses on how Bediuzzaman Said Nursi employed the process of Integration ofknowledge to combine the religious sciences and modern sciences in a way that does not condone thecontradiction and does not oppose by others. Particularly, it intends to focus on: a) analyzing theIslamic Revealed Knowledgeand Heritage

meanings and methodologies of integration of knowledge, b) examining the theoretical dimensions andpractical application of the process of Integration of knowledge, c) analyzing the process of integrationproposed by Bediuzzaman Said Nursi in integrating knowledge between religious sciences and modernsciences, (d) discussing requirements that can strengthen the process of integration of knowledge. Thestudy is also intended to outline a brief chronological development of the process of integration ofknowledge in Islam. This study also explores whether this approach can be implemented in reality or theonly option for scholars who proposed this project, is to discuss the theoretical

dimension of it.

The study would include practical suggestions and recommendations for developing the process ofintegration of knowledge between religious and modern sciences in accordance with the need of todayin the globalized era. Discussion would include implications of the research findings, shortcomings ofthe current study, and directions for future research.

China is one of the older civilizations in the world with four thousand (4000) years history. It is anancient civilization which is extended over a large area in East Asia. The Chinese civilizations areknown for its years of prosperity and have since generated competitive minds and stimulated the growthand development in other parts of the world. Country known for its prosperous civilizations, China isblessed with beautiful landscapes and multi-cultural ethnicities.

At the same time, Islam in China has a rich heritage. China has some of the oldest Muslim history,dating back to as early as 650, Sa`ad Ibn Abi Waqqaas, was sent as an official envoy to EmperorGauzing during Caliph Othmanâ€™s era. Since the advent of Islam in China, the religion enjoysdevelopment together with the ruling dynasties and finally stood through the test of time. Throughoutthe history of Islam in China, Chinese Muslims have influenced the course of Chinese history. Relativeto this issue, the study aims at introducing the evolution of Islamic architecture of China. The recordshave proven that Islamic religion contributed in spiritual development and most importantly the Islamicarchitecture.

Also the Hohhot Mosque is taken as a case study to show the respective influences. The

Mosquearchitecture amazed many and will continue to be one of the worldâ€™s architectural beauties. Thisreport also focuses on the history of the mosque, its function and its details.

It is hoped that the effort of producing this paper will benefit the

Muslim Ummah and also those whoare passionate about Chinese Muslim architecture worldwide.

P-624

Conservational Guidelines for the Restoration of HistoricalIllustrated Manuscript: Case Study: A17th Century IllustratedManuscript of Shahnameh

AmirH. Zekrgoo,Prof. Dr. Amir H. ZekrgooProf. Dr. Amir H. Zekrgoo

International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC),International Institute of IslamicThought and Civilization

International Islamic University

Malaysia

Shahnameh, "The Bookof Kings," is the Iranian national epic that was composed in the late 10thcentury CE by the Iranian poet Abu al-Qasim Ferdowsi. A monumental epic of some 60,000 couplets,the Shahnameh surpasses by far in sheer length the Homeric Iliad and Odyssey combined. Shahnamehcombines â€˜mythâ€™ and â€˜historyâ€™, â€˜idealismâ€™ and â€˜realismâ€™, â€˜ethicsâ€™ andâ€˜politicsâ€™. Shahnameh represents the process of Islamization of a pre-Islamic epic and therefore isa link between a nations pre-Islamic and post-Islamic heritage.

Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage

The manuscript collection the International Institute of Islamic Thought & Civilization (ISTAC),IIUM is custodian to a fine 17th century illustrated manuscript of Shahnameh

This volume of 340 folios is penned in excellent Nastaâ€™liq style. It starts with a sarlawh in lapislazuli and gold, followed by three and half leaves of prose introduction. The manuscript is furtheradorned with 29 magnificent miniature paintings in Isfahan school style.

An entire research project (IIUM Grant No. EDW B 0703-48) devoted some 24 months to the studyof the historical an artistic aspects of the said manuscript.

In the process of its close examination serious signs of deterioration were detected, which required asystematic approach toward their restoration. This led to a second research project aiming at

1.

A detailed evaluation of deterioration factors

2.

Identifying problematic areas through preparation of a comprehensive report (visual as well asdescriptive)

3.

Developing guidelines on how to restore the work in accordance with scientific methods ofmanuscript preservation

4.

Finding experts in the field of restoration of historical Islamic manuscripts, and eventually:

5.

The actual restoration act

The present study covers the first four steps.

P-650

Qualities of a Mediator in Family Disputes: An Overview of Shariahand the Practice in Malaysia

Nora Abdul Hak,Nora Abdul HakNora Abdul Hak

Department of Islamic Law,Ahmad IbrahimKulliyyah of Laws

International Islamic University

Malaysia

A mediator is one of the main elements of mediation, whose role is fundamental to the success of themediation process. His personal qualities are important, equal if not more than his specialist

knowledgeand skills. Shariah emphasises on the importance of good akhlaq (morality) of a mediator. The Muslimjurists in their literature have deliberated in detail the qualities of a mediator such as being just,trustworthy, responsible and capable of carrying out the task that is assigned to him. In Malaysia, theCode of Ethics drafted by the Department of Shariah Judiciary Malaysia states, among others, that thesulh (mediation) officer must not allow his personal interest be in conflict with his dutyas a mediator.The research examines the deliberations of the Muslim jurists, based on the Qurâ€™anic injunctionsand the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W, on the necessary qualities of a mediator in familydispute(s). The jurists view that the third party must have good intention for the settlement of dispute tobe successful. In addition, according to the Shafie school the mediator must be impartial, responsibleand someone who is capable of carrying out the task as a mediator. He or she is also expected to beknowledgeable in the disciplines of Islamic Law. It is suggested that all these good qualities of amediator deliberated by the jurists can be adopted and incorporated into the proposed MalaysianMediation Act.

P-661

Nature of capital atinception in joint ventures financed by Islamicbanks: a shariâ€™ah based appraisal

A perusal of Islamic legal texts reveals that considerable emphasis has been placed on the nature ofcapital contributed towards equity relationships. Shariâ€™ah verdicts pertaining to capital in jointventures place stress on the existence and presence of capital in the initial stages of the venture. Theexistence and presence of capital at the formation of equity partnerships has been regarded mandatory,precluding the possibility of forming partnerships based on debts and non-existent capital. Formation ofa valid partnership is held to take place on the basis of a known amount of capital that is existent and isIslamic Revealed Knowledgeand Heritage

available in an acceptable manner, with the proportion of participation clearly determined. Leaving thecapital unspecified at the inceptionand allowing it to fluctuate, or postponing the procurement of capitaluntil the need for disbursement arises, does not appear to be in keeping with the above requirement.Debts have been categorically disallowed from forming the initial basis of a partnership. This is seen toresult in important consequences pertaining to the extent of involvement and liability of the partners. Inview of the unanimous prohibition upheld by all the schools of Islamic law, the practice of convertingoverdue debts into venture capital could hardly be defended. Some operational procedures adopted bycurrent-day Islamic financial institutions in the course of financing undertaken on joint-equity basis, i.e.musharakah, generally appear to fall short in this respect. This researcher suggests that the emphasisplaced by the shariâ€™ah on having real assets, instead of debts, as the capital base in partnerships,could have important economic implications, such as acting as a curb on unrestrained monetaryexpansion and inflation.

P-663

Application of Maslahah (public interest) in Deciding the Right ofHadanah (Custody) of a Child: The Practice in the Syariah Court ofMalaysia

In the context of childâ€™s custody, the term hadhanah (custody) refers to the upbringing of a minorchild by the mother or by someone who is legally entitled to it. It includes protection, love and care,education, sheltering, management of a child and etc. Generally, in determining who shall be entitled tothe custody of a child, the court will first determine who shall give a better care to the child based on thechildâ€™s interest. Under the Malaysian law, it is a rebuttable presumption that the mothershall be thebest person to look after a minor child. However, the practice in the shariah court seems to suggest thatthe court applied the principle of maslahah (interest) of the child and this has become the overridingprinciple in deciding the right of the custody. Thus, the research deliberates the concept of maslahah inrelation to the right of custody of a child in Islamic law. The relevant provisions of the Islamic FamilyLaw Act/Enactment and the practice of the Syariah Courts deliberating this principle of maslahah of achild is the focus of the study. Cases decided at the Syariah Courts are analysed to study the practice ofthe principle of childâ€™s interest in Malaysia as well as its problems and restrictions. It is hoped thatby analysing the

current the legal provisions on childâ€™s custody and its practice in Malaysia,suggestions and recommendations can be made to further improve this area of law. Hence, the interestof a child as a paramount consideration in awarding childâ€™s custody will

always be upheld.

P-667

Financing Micro and Medium-sized enterprises: EfficientShariâ€™ah formats for Purchase of Stock and Sale of ProducedGoods

Joint-equity based structures could be adopted with advantage for financing micro and medium sizedenterprises in a variety of situations. Being expressly designed for financing, these equity basedstructures could replace in many instances debt based modes that have been tailored to fit in artificially.Equity based structures for purchase of stock and sale of readymade goods, especially when used in anmicro and medium sized financing context, in addition to being distinctly beneficial through facilitatingan equitable sharing of profit and loss, could significantly smoothen the process while avoiding negativeaspects related to debt financing mechanisms. However, their application should be done in a wayreflective of the reality of the equity partnership, which could lead to realising its full potential.Implementation of the equity relationship requires wholehearted participation by the bank in theoperation of the venture in all possible means. In addition to financing ventures, the Islamic bank itselfIslamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage

may play an active role in initiating diverse projects, and accumulate expertise and skill necessary forthe purpose. Debt financing arrangements utilised in financing such projects involve shortcomings froma shariâ€™ah as well as a commercial perspective. Adopting the equity structure as a comprehensivescheme embracing all stages from procurement of assets until their disposal, could help rectify someshortcomings inherent to debt financing arrangements.

P-676

The Childâ€™s Right to Maintenance:the Extent of theFamilyâ€™s Responsibilities in Islamic Law and According toFamily Law Provisions of Muslim Countries

This paper will examine the rights of children to maintenance, specifically. It will look at the lawapplied in Malaysia and some Muslim countries: Morocco, Jordan, Syria, Kuwait and Qatar. It willidentify the family relationships which have particular responsibility to provide maintenance to children,and examine the extent of the obligation, and the entitlement of children to such rights. The paper alsoaims to investigate the extent of the role of family law institutions in safeguarding such rights andinterest of children. Where appropriate, it will make suggestions for the improvement of the relevantIslamic statutory provisions in Malaysia.

P-683

Acceptance (QabÅ«l) and Taking Possession(Qabd) of HibahUnder Islamic Law and the Decision of the Syariah Courts inMalaysia

Badruddin Hj Ibrahim,Badruddin Hj IbrahimBadruddin Hj Ibrahim

Islamic law,Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws

International Islamic University

Malaysia

One of the important components in the creation of contract in Islamic law, apart from contractingparties (â€˜Ä•qidÄ•n) and subject matter of contract (mahal al-â€˜aqd), is formation (sÄ«ghah). Theabsence of formation will render the contract invalid and

imperfect. Nevertheless, in the case of hibah asit is a kind of contract of charity (tabaruâ€˜), the issue arises as to whether the element of acceptance isrequired in order to constitute a valid hibah. Added to this is the issue of whether hibah is completed andownership of property transferred to recipient as is the case with other types of contract when all of theabove three components of contract and their requirements are fulfilled. This study examines issuesrelating to these two important matters of hibah, since the disputes among parties in the Syariah Courtsof Malaysia mostly involved these. The examination focuses on the positions of Muslim jurists of thefour well-known schools of law i.e. ShÄfiâ€™Ä«, HanafÄ«, MÄlikÄ« and HanbalÄ« on the issues.In addition, as the law of hibah for Muslims in Malaysia is mostly un-codified, the study also examinesthe law that has been applied by various Syariah Courts in Malaysia regarding these issues, especiallywhether their decisions are solely based on the law according to the school of ShÄfiâ€˜Ä«. This is inorder to find out an acceptable set of rules that could govern the creation of a valid and perfect hibah.

P-686

Information and Communication Technology to Serve Hajj

Dr Shihab A. Hameed,

Electrical and Computer Engineering,Kulliyyah of Engineering

International Islamic University

Malaysia

Hajj (pilgrimage) is the fifth pillar of Islam that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime byIslamic Revealed Knowledgeand Heritage

every able-bodied Muslim. It is the largest annual convention of Faith in the world that requirestraveling to Mecca. Hajj is performed based on predetermined dates, times, and places. It is ademonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people, and their submission to Allah the Exalted (GOD).Hajjis an important event in Muslimsâ€™ life, which offers religious, educational, scientific, social,economical, political and other benefits that are rewarded by Allah SWT to Muslims. Two to threemillions out of One and half billion of Muslims around the world, performed Hajj annually. Time, dateand place limitations related to Hajj leads to several difficulties and problems that require suitablesolutions.

Literature review LR, survey, and analysis summarize Hajj difficulties as: Managerial andorganizational problems; Lack of information and misunderstanding; and difficulties in dialoguebetween people, pilgrims and organizational committees. This research paper proposes suitablesolutions to solve difficulties using the powerful capabilities of information and communicationtechnologies ICT. It shows the main components of a Comprehensive Hajj Model that includes:comprehensive Hajj database model for managing, organizing and tracking pilgrims and otherstakeholders; a Multi-

lingual Hajj Educational model on Web-based or CD; and a portable Hajjemergency and guidance model. This comprehensive solution offers: religious, educational, scientific,social, economical, political and other benefits for Muslims. It can be consider as a step toward Muslimunity and offering a unified understanding and cooperation between Muslims.

Software became an essential part for critical control systems, health and human life guard systems,financial and banking systems, scientific and educational, entertainments and other systems. Software isthe core for such applications. It requires qualified software engineers professionally and ethically.Literature review (L.R) and survey results show that software engineering professionals are facingseveral ethical-related problems which are costly, harmful and affect high ratio of people. Professionalorganizations like ACM, IEEE, ABET and CSAC have established codes of ethics to help softwareengineering professionals to understand and manage their ethical responsibilities. Islam considers ethicsan essential

factor to build individuals, communities and society. Islamic ethics are set of moralprinciples and guidance that recognizes what is right behavior from wrong, which are comprehensive,stable, fair, and historically prove success in building ethically great society. The estimated 1.5 billionof Muslims with tens of thousands of software engineers should have an effective role in softwaredevelopment and life, which requires them to understand and implement ethics, specially the Islamicethics in their work. This project is a frame-work or roadmap for modeling Computer and softwareengineering principle, which shows the main phases for solving such problem. It focuses mainly onadopting a new version of Computer and software engineering principle based on Islamic ethical values.

QURANIC LANGUAGE DEPT.,Center for Language and PreUniversity Acad. Development

International Islamic University

Malaysia

One of the major problems in teaching Arabic language is to choose the most suitable syllabus or thetext book for students. In IIUM, Quranic Language Dept. (QLD) has been working very hard inproducing text books for IIUM students who are of different backgrounds. IIUM students are dividedinto two categories, the first is sciences-based program and the second is art-based program. Bothprogrammes have their own text books. This research project is carried out by the principal researcher,the co-principal researcher and the writers to produce new text book for the science based studentsreplacing the current text book which has been using for more than five years. Designing curriculumisnot an easy task. It requires comprehensive preparations, reliable foundations as well as continuousdetermination. There are important elements that have to be specified before designing a module or asyllabus. They are determination of objectives, selection of contents, arrangement of contents,presentation and evaluation. After series of workshops, meeting, editing processes, testing andevaluation. A new Arabic book namely â€œMiftah Al-â€˜Arabiyyahâ€• has emerged. The text bookconsists of 12 chapters, each chapter has four lessons. Topics are chosen based on studentâ€™s dailylife, basic scientific elements, daily ibadah, and etc. The topics were not chosen at random, they arerelated to studentâ€™s background and surroundings. The new syllabus is also equipped with exercises,language games, quranic verses, prophetic traditions and daily doaâ€™s. This new approach is the resultof benchmarking and reviewing available syllabus and textbooks in Malaysia and abroad. This newsyllabus was then piloted,however since this is the first time of implementing this new syllabus,instructors have found difficulties in their teaching. Actions have been taken such as altering difficulttopics with the simple one, modifying the content and multiplying exercise style.

Western Psychology tends to be divisive in dealing with human personality and has been responsiblefor the nature versus nurture controversy. On the one hand they contend that certain corrupt behaviour ispredetermined by psychologicalor biological factors from conception, while on the other they explainbehaviour as a simplistic series of reinforcement contingencies and conditioned responses toenvironmental stimuli. This secular humanistic outlook has produced an ethical relativism that is thecurrent trend in todayâ€™s world. This article attempts to highlight the importance of the Islamic beliefsystem which is an integrated and comprehensive way in dealing with human behaviour, especiallythrough the interaction of nature, nurtureand spiritual factor in the formation of human behaviour.

Mobile application development grows in popularity in a very fast pace. This is due to the ubiquitousor pervasive computing and applications related to it, share small, inexpensive and robust networkedprocessing devices, which are distributed at all scales throughout everyday life. The availability andeasy way to use are other important reasons for the growth in popularity

of mobile application.

The BBQuranExplorer is a mobile application which was developed in Java Blackberry platform toenable its users to easily, quickly and accurately explore and search the text of the holy Quran in fivedifferent languages, i.e. Arabic, Indonesian, Malaysian, Bosnian and English.

The text of the Quran can be viewed by chapter (Surah) in any of these five languages. Thenavigation through the verses (ayat) inside the chapters is also provided. The main feature ofBBQuranExplorer is the

possibility to search for any words or phrases in the entire text of the Quran inany of those languages. Boyer-Moore algorithm, a very fast search algorithm, is used to retrieve thequeries of the text which can be viewed in all the five languages. The results are sorted by chapter inascending order.

The application is useful for any user in different gender and ages, who wants to read the Quranwhile travelling, or just being away from home. The search feature can also be used for collectingstatistics

Islam urges all Muslims to perform their utmost best when they work. Giving the best requires fullcommitment. Employeesâ€™ commitment is influenced by many factors, including the managementstyles within

the organisation. This paper aims to examine the management of human resources from theIslamic perspective and its effects on organisational commitment among selected employees in Islamicorganisations in Malaysia. The study employed a self-developed questionnaire that was personallydistributed to employees. In total, 121 Muslim employees who work in various positions in eightIslamic organisations participated as respondents of this study. The findings revealed that the selectedorganisations frequently practise the Islamic approach in all its human resource management (HRM)functions. The results of correlation and regression analysis show that the Islamic approach in HRM washighly and significantly correlated to organisational commitment. About 45 per cent of theorganisational commitment variance was explained by the Islamic approach in HRM. An introductionto the Islamic approach in HRM practices is an initial attempt to provide managers with an effectiveway of managing and understanding the people they work with. This knowledge would be useful toeven non-Muslim managers. For Muslim human resource managers, it is essential for them to not onlyknow but also to apply the Islamic approach in managing employees. Non-Muslim managers will have abetter

understanding of the expected behaviours of their Muslim employees. Muslim employeesregardless for who they work are expected to be honest, trustworthy, and determined to continuouslystrive for the best. This study is unique from other previous studies.

Instead of discussing Islamicmanagement in general, this study explores in-depth every function of HRM based on authentic Islamicsources, as well as providing empirical evidence.

tool constructed specifically to enrich Quranic readerâ€™sunderstanding and realization. Quran as the final book of revelation is extremely source of truth,guidance and factuality which is differ from any other book in the entire existence. The main issuehighlighted and reactivated in this courseware is refer to the nature of language used in the Quran and itsstructural patterns, which is regarded as the communication tools applied by the Quran in conveying itsmessages. In other word, it is constructed as an attempt to formulate a practical approach in bringing aspecific issue, situation or concept (stated in the Quran) from unintelligibility to intelligibility state ofunderstanding. By taking this strategy, the reader will be able to analyse and identify the course ofsuccess and failure in understanding of this book, beside to increase and to measure the confidence levelof application and implementation from the level of co-incident toward a true awareness and recognitionof a particular message. For that purposes, QUET as an attractive courseware constructed solely basedon Quranic interpretation and exaggeration such as Al-Tabari, and Fi Zilalil Quran where theirsimilarities and differences will be highlighted for comparison. Indeed, it is a vast and crucial, since itis related not only to the semantic meaning of the text, but also its pragmatic application as a steptoward realizing Quranic reality.

PP-286

The Issue of Whether Arabic is Equipped to Meet the Challenges ofModernity

Dept. of Arabic Language and Literature,,Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and HumanSciences

International Islamic University

Malaysia

This study

exhibits the significant role and contribution of Arabic Language in the moderncivilization and in developing terms of creativity in carrying out the activities of modern technology.Therefore, it generally treats the connection between language and culture so as to establish a fact thatArabic, in spite of its dire need to development and adaptation with modern technological age, stilldemands from its speakers to adhere to its culture and shun the propaganda for abandonment of thestandard type of the language in option for another foreign language. In consideration of the importanceof the effective contribution of Arabic in the issues of modernization on the technological revolutionand its requirements, the researcher has felt that it is necessary onthe Arabic Language users to striveand relentlessly devote their talents in the performance of the roles to highlight the steps and search forthe best method that can enhance their actions and creativity with accurate plans for the economic andsocial development which will rely on applied and technological sciences. Furthermore, this studyestablishes that Arabic Language is capable to perform all the roles, but with the condition that it mustbe the means of thought, expression and teaching sciences and

technology in all the educational levels.In conclusion, the study suggests that Arabization of knowledge will serve Arabic Language and otherlanguages better if it is accurately acquired, knowingly that no struggle for development can succeedexcept through good interaction with the mother tongue.

Dept. of Arabic Language and Literature,,Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and HumanSciences

International Islamic University

Malaysia

Literature is the expression in words of human ideas, emotions and beliefs and reflects culture andcollective attitudes. Literature is an indispensable tool of art, which encompasses every aspect and issuein life. Every nation maintains its own form and characteristics of literature. Literature is not a meresource of

pleasure and lust. It should however, inculcate educative and moralistic objectives, which mayeducate and enlighten the reader.

Islam came to unify all powers and abilities, to fuse together spiritual aspirations and bodily desires,to harmonise their directions and thus create a comprehensive unity in the universe, life and man.Therefore, literature in Islam should be in accordance with the Islamic concept and world view,pertaining to the principle of harmony operating in all spheres of life, between the Creator and thecreated, God and man. Realizing the above and the importance to ensure that the future generation ofMuslims are nurtured and developed in accordance to the Islamic worldview and are governed byIslamic values, this study observes the effectiveness of the Childrenâ€™s Arabic Literature Websites indeveloping Islamic values through Arabic poetry. Identify the relevant websites, which concernsChildrenâ€™s Arabic literature and identifies relevant and suitable poems for children through its

titlesand themes, in addition to observing its contents. This study also attempts to introduce the identifiedwebsites to Muslim children in Malaysia who are learning Arabic to assist in their vocabulary andsimultaneously develop the Islamic values in them.

Dept. of Arabic Language and Literature,,Kulliyyah of IslamicRevealed Knowledge and HumanSciences

International Islamic University

Malaysia

This study sheds light into the contributions, thoughts and works of the Malay Ulama â€™andliterary scholars in the Malay Archipelago over a period of around seven centuries,

commencing withthe establishment of Islam in the region during the latter part of the 13th century, and continuing onuntil the present day.

Focus is given to a number of â€˜Ulamaâ€™ who constituted the core of scholarly networksthroughout history; particular attention is given to the nature of their relationships in the networks. Theecareers and teachings of the leading precursors of the Malay â€˜Ulamaâ€™ in the history of Malayscholarly networks are therefore highlighted. Special attention is given to their connections with leadingscholars in the networks in the Middle East, and to how teachings spread in the Archipelago related toIslamic renewalism and reformism in the centres.

Dept. of Arabic Language and Literature,,Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and HumanSciences

International Islamic University

Malaysia

Literature is a branch of art that is so remarkable. It is also believed that every nation has its ownunique literary arts like that of poetry, prose, novel, etc. These various themes and genres of literatureshow that literary arts

cover all facets of human life including the world at large and the universe. In thecontext of Islamic literature, literary art has its own significant role. There is one chapter in the HolyQuran that relates about it in particular i.e.: al-Shuâ€™ara which means â€œThe Poetâ€•. This chapterof the Quran--especially the last four verses of the chapter (verse 224-227)--was revealed to deny theallegation made by the Quraysh who claimed that Quran is a kind of poetry written by ProphetMuhammad SAW. This allegation surfaced due to the greatness of people during the time of Jahiliyyahwho were famous for their ability to produce beautiful poetry.

Referring to the mentioned verses of the Quran, surah al-Shuâ€™ara; 224-227, the gist of these fourlines clearly

distinguish between poet/laureate who is truthful and pious and those who are strayed fromthe truth. Both discerned by the true knowledge that is then being manifested into â€˜amal soleh (gooddeeds). It is very clear that, from the viewpoint of Islam, literature must be objective, and the objectiveor aim should be in the course of spreading true knowledge. In line with the importance of the spread ofknowledge as the basis of literature (from Islamic viewpoint), this paper will be discussing particularlyon knowledge and literature. This will include the definition and value of knowledge and its relation toal-adab, and the correlation between literature and knowledge. The later will be discussed in the realmof changing and developing Islamic world. Inthat account, explanation and perspective by severalgeneral scholars of Arabic literature will be brought forward into the discussion. Apart from that, thispaper will also look into the use of literary art as a medium to extend knowledge and wisdom.

This study is an analytical, literary study on literary works by a number of Malay writers. It observesthe sociological underpinnings surrounding the emergence and development of the Islamic literaturediscourse in Malaysia. It attempts to present the conceptual thinking underlying this discourse, taking anumber of works by Malay literary writers as a case study. An appropriate understanding of the natureand characteristics of both Islam and literature within Islam is also discussed at length in the study. Thisstudy discusses the Islamic concept of aesthetics, presenting both the Malay and the Arabicunderstanding and preferences within a rhetorical perspective on the above works. It also attempts

topromote these works as a source of spiritual enlightenment but also entertainment, paving the way forother commendable efforts in the future.

Science, Engineering and Technology

P-11

IT Governance Practices Model in IT Project Approval andImplementation inMalaysian Public Sector

lattices. Later Mariz et al generalized this result for Ising model with competing neareast-neighbourinteraction and prolonged next-nearest neighbour interactions in the presence of external magnetic field.

For Ising model on a Cayley tree with prolonged and one-level next-nearestneighbour interactionsonly we describe phase diagram and clarify the role of nearest-neighbour interaction and show that theclass of modulated phases consists of so-called antiphase with period 4 only.

modulated phase, as found for similar models on periodic lattices, but the multicritical Lifshitz point isat zero temperature. Later Mariz et al. generalized this result for Ising model with J0 â‰ 0 and recentlyGanikhodjaev et al. proved similar result for the three-state Potts model with J0 = 0. We consider Pottsmodel with J0 â‰ 0 and show that for some values of J0 the multicritical Lifshitz point be at non-zerotemperature. We also prove that as soon as the same-level interaction J0 is nonzero, the paramagneticphase found at high temperatures for J0 = 0 disappears, while Ising model does not obtain suchproperty.

Also we consider recursive relations obtained following along the lines of Inawashiro et al . Each

phase is characterized by a particular attractor and the phase diagram is obtained by following theevolution and detecting the qualitative change of these attractors. These change can either be continuousor abrupt, respectively, characterizing second or

Femtocell network is a new technology that uses the advantage of Internet backbone toenhance thecellular coverage in residence or small business areas. However, due to the expected randomdeployment of the femtocell access point (FAPs), there is strong probability of interference amongfemtocell nodes and between femtocells and macrocells

nodes. In this paper an interferenceenhancement is developed and designed for two tiers macro-femtocell networks. An adaptive powercontrol is calculated based on selecting minimum interference channel with optimized channel gain. Inthe simulation number of FAPs, distance between macrocell and femtocell and path loss betweenmacrocell node and FAPs are used as design parameters. The results show performance enhancement ininterference degradation ratio (DR).

P-48

AN EMPIRICAL COMPARISON OF META ANALYSIS

MODELS FOR CONTINUOUS DATA WITH MISSINGSTANDARD DEVIATIONS

Nik Ruzni Nik Idris,Noraida SaidinNoraida Saidin

Computational And Theoretical Science,Kulliyyah of Science

International Islamic University

Malaysia

The choice between the Fixed and RandomEffects Model for providing an overall meta analysisestimates may affect the accuracy of the estimates. When the study-level standard deviations (SDs) arenot completely reported or â€œmissingâ€•, selection of meta analysis model should be done with morecaution. In this article, we examine through a simulation study, the effects of the choice of metaanalysis model and the techniques of imputation of the missing SDs on the overall meta analysisestimates. The results suggest imputation should be adoptedto estimate the overall effect size,irrespective of the model used. However, the accuracy of the estimates of the corresponding standarderror (SE) are influenced by the imputation techniques. For estimates based on the Fixed effect model,Mean imputation

provides better estimates compared to the Multiple Imputation , while those based onthe Random effect model are more robust of the techniques imputation used.

Reverse engineering is the process of discovering the technological principles of a device, product orsystem throughanalysis of its structure, function and operation. It often involves taking something apartand analyzing its workings in detail to be used in maintenance or to try to make a new device or productthat does the same thing without copying anything from theoriginal. In this paper, a reverse engineeringapproach is applied for a child bicycle and hence, a systematic study on the major parts of the bicyclewas performed. The bicycle components are destructed and investigated using the metallurgicalmicroscopefor microstructural study, hardness test and tensile test for mechanical properties study. Thearc spark emission spectrometer and electron dispersive spectrometer test were also performed in orderto know the background history of the components materials

used for the fabrication of a child bicycle.The results showed that the major components of the bicycle such as frame, seat post, crank arm, rimand handle bar are made of low carbon steel whereas crank arm is made of high strength-low alloy(HSLA) steel. Thus, the reverse engineering approach plays an important role in the development ofnew child bicycle product that has an enormous impact in the society in terms of culture and advancingin the design and fabrication of new modern child bicycle.

P-54

Development of Material Selection Method in Design of AutomotiveBrake Rotor

M Abdul Maleque,

Manufacturing and Materials Engineering,Kulliyyah of Engineering

International Islamic University

Malaysia

An automotive brake rotor is a device for slowing orstopping the motion of a wheel while it runs at acertain speed. The widely used brake rotor material is cast iron which consumes much fuel due to itshigh specific gravity. The aim of this paper is to develop the material selection method and select theoptimum material for the application of brake rotor system emphasizing on the substitution of this castiron by any other lightweight material. Digital logic method was employed for the optimum selection ofmaterials. Material performance requirements wereanalyzed and alternative solutions were evaluatedamong cast iron, aluminium alloy, titanium alloy, ceramics and composites. Mechanical propertiesincluding compressive strength, friction coefficient, wear resistance, thermal conductivity and specificgravity as well as cost, were used as the key parameters in the material selection stages. The analysis ledto aluminium metal matrix composite as the most appropriate material for brake rotor system.

to investigate the polyamide 12 (PA12) powder properties deteriorationin the laser sintering (LS) process and propose a methodology for more efficient powder recycling. Thepaper analyses the LS processing conditions and current recycling practices in relation to thedeterioration or ageing of the PA12-based powders. Samples of new and recycled grades of PA2200powder were artificially aged in a temperature-controlled oven and

then tested using melt flow rate (MFR) indexer. Also, un-sintered powder samples collected fromdifferent locations within various builds, and different LS machines (EOSINT P700 and Sinterstationw2500 HiQ) were tested. The powder exposed at higher temperature and longer time experiences a muchhigher deterioration rate. The temperature and the time at which the un-sintered material was exposedare the most influential parameters for the powder aging. It was confirmed that the MFR index is a verysensitive indicator of the changes in the powder properties and provides a relatively fast and inexpensivemethod of measuring the rate of the powder degradation because of the LS process. The powder locatedin the periphery and the top of a build has a higher MFR and therefore is less deteriorated.In contrast,powder located in the centre, or

in the bottom of a long build has much lower MFR and therefore is lessusable.Based on the findings, a methodology for powder recycling is proposed. It allows a better controlScience, Engineering and Technology

of the input material

properties, a consistent quality of the fabricated parts,

and more efficient use of the LS material. Thepaper provides some useful information for the properties deterioration of PA12-based powders(PA2200) in relation to the temperature and time at which the material is exposed in the LS.

P-57

Evaluation of Islamic Websites from User Perspective: Design &Content Features

Evaluation of Islamic websites post more challenges as the websites must reflect the meaning ofIslamic way of life. The content must be correct, credible and true with recognised references. As such,the problem