Muscle Structure Adaptations

In this course you will learn how to design the type of training that takes advantage of the plastic nature of the athlete’s body so you mold the right phenotype for a sport. We explore ways the muscular system can be designed to generate higher force and power and the type of training needed to mold the athlete's physical capacity so it meets the energy and biochemical demands of the sport.
We also examine the cost of plasticity when it is carried beyond the ability of the body to adjust itself to meet the imposed training stresses. The cost of overextending plasticity comes in the form injuries and chronic fatigue. In essence, a coach can push the athlete’s body too far and it can fail. Upon completion of this course you will be able to assemble a scientifically sound annual training plan.

审阅

SK

This course gives a basic understanding of how to train the athletes in a right approach without overlaoding and injury

NF

Jun 23, 2019

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its very very understandable and i really gain a lot from it please keep the work.thanks

从本节课中

Sport specific strength and power

Training an athlete’s strength and power so it improves their sport performance is a challenging aspect of coaching. Here is the important knowledge you must have:
First, you must understand the important terminology such as strength, torque, work and power.
Second, you must be able to apply the principle of specificity and transfer of training effects to the athlete’s strength and power development.
Third, you must know what peripheral structural adaptations and central adaptations you are trying to accomplish.

教学方

Dr. Chris Brooks

Instructor

脚本

Skeletal muscle has a remarkable ability to remodel in response to contractile activity. Just by looking at these two athletes, you know which one is probably the strongest. An athlete with bigger muscles has higher strength and power. And you would correctly expect that this more muscular rugby player has a much higher strength and power than the endurance runner, the skinny guy. And the muscle structure of both these athletes is perfectly designed for the type of force and power needed for them to perform effectively in their sport. One factor contributing to the ability of a muscle to adapt for producing high force and power, is its size. Stimulating an increase in size includes designing the correct training stimulus. Ensuring adequate nutrition, so the body has the resources it needs to build the muscle components, so it becomes bigger. And the necessary hormonal balance, so there is an effective communication system to stimulate the necessary muscle structure redesign. Now, you were introduced to muscle structure in part one of the science of training young athletes. But just as a quick review to refresh your memory, here are the key parts of the muscle, again. The muscle cell contains the contractile machinery. And since a muscle cell is shaped in the form of an elongated cylinder, it is usually called the muscle fiber. And you'll also hear the term myocyte used. The word is derived from myo, meaning muscle, and cyte, meaning cell. Now we're going to use the term muscle fiber for our discussion. The muscle fiber contains highly specialized molecular motors that generate the force for muscle contraction. Around 20 to 80 muscle fibers are bound together into a muscle fascicle. And the muscle fiber itself consists of strands of myofibrils that run the length of the muscle fiber. Around 85 to 90% of the muscle fiber's volume is made up of thousands of myofibrils. Myofilaments consist of chains of proteins called actin and myosin. And they are tiny molecular motors that permit the muscle cell to contract and relax. Although that little muscle motor units or molecular motors are found in the myofilaments there. So let's take a zoomed in view of the myofibril in the muscle fiber. The fluid surrounding all the myofibrils is called the sarcoplasm. Now don't get confused, in other cells, this fluid is called cytoplasm. But in the muscle cell, it is called sarcoplasm. Muscles are housed in approximately 600 sacks of connected tissue, that's called fascia. And you'll see the sacks in this particular cross-section of muscle here. This connective tissue acts to hold, or acts like a glue that holds the muscle together and in place. And provides a means as well, by which force is moved from one muscle to another. Skeletal muscles can generate a remarkable range of force. A group of muscles can apply a gentle force maybe to pick up a one-ounce pencil, and then the same group of muscles can drop that pencil and pick up a five-kilogram weight. In each case, the brain guides the muscle to produce the force needed to accomplish each task. We don't even have to think consciously about making the force adjustment. It just happens. And sometimes the brain can be tricked. If this water bottle is empty and you believe it to be full and lift it, the movement will be jerky because the brain has preprogrammed the muscles to lift a full water bottle. The brain learns from experience that a full water bottle has a certain weight and an empty water bottle has a much lighter weight. And if you lift the water bottle, and the brain does not have the muscle recruitment or the muscle timing right. Or some of the muscles that are needed are not sufficiently strong to perform their job. An injury can result in the weak muscle. And this is how people can hurt their back. These same types of effects occur when performing sports skills. The brain anticipates how much force it needs to stimulate the muscles to produce a successful performance for when it's performing a sports skill. If the muscle timing is not correct, an injury can also occur. Incidentally, an injury can occur, if you bend to pick up a pencil, if the brain doesn't time the muscles correctly.