Going to Africa involved chartering ships and was a more difficult endeavor than migrating to Canada or Mexico. It could only be achieved through the assistance of well-funded organizations. Sponsored primarily by the American Colonization Society, the movement grew in the nineteenth century and continued into the twentieth. Henry Bonds, who was born in Mississippi in 1865 and settled in Oklahoma in 1890, tried repeatedly to migrate to Liberia between 1912 and 1919 with his wife, Mary, a teacher, and three of their children.