The goal of the Aérotrain was similar to that of the magnetic levitation train: to suspend the train above the tracks so the only resistance is that of air resistance. Consequently, the Aérotrain could travel at very high speeds without the technical complexity and expensive tracks of magnetic levitation.

This project was abandoned in 1977 due to lack of funding, the death of Jean Bertin, and the adoption of TGV by the French government as its high-speed ground transport solution.

The track for most Aérotrains are ferroconcretemonorail in an inverted 'T' shape. All tracks were built and used for experimental purposes.

The first test track was built in February 1966 in Gometz-le-Châtel, Essonne, France, for Aérotrains 01 and 02, re-using an abandoned railway formation. The track was 6.7 km long. The track is visible today, partially demolished for urban expansion, with most of the remaining track in ruins. A section was kept and restored as a memorial at a roundabout in Gometz.

A second track made of aluminium and asphalt was built in 1969 for Aérotrain prototype S44 in Gometz-le-Châtel, built meters away and parallel to the first track. The aluminium guide rail was disposed of after the tests, the rest of the asphalt track was kept intact and converted into a pedestrian path in 2008 and 2009.

In 1969, a third, 18 km test track was built to test Aérotrain prototype I80. This test track was in Loiret, France, north from Orléans, stretching between Saran and Ruan, a location that would enable it to be used in a future Paris-Orléans line. The track was elevated 5 m above the ground, was supported by pillars and allowed speeds of 400 km/h. A platform stood at each end of the line to reverse the train, while a hangar on the central platform at Chevilly housed the test vehicle. This line, while abandoned, became a famous landmark subject to cosmetic disputes after the end of the Aérotrain programme, and exists today, visible to the east of RN20 and the Paris-Orléans railway line. [1]

Until 1974, a fourth, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) test track was to be found at the High Speed Ground Test Center near Pueblo, USA. This test track was built for the UTACV prototype. Due to its length, it was suited only for a top speed of 145 mph (233 km/h).[2]

Aérotrain 01 was a 1/2 scale (10.11 m, 2.6 t) prototype. It was originally propelled by a three-bladed reversible-pitch propeller powered by a 260 horsepower (190 kW) aircraft engine, which was later replaced by a Turboméca Marboré jet engine. The air cushion is maintained by two 50 horsepower (37 kW) compressors. 01 had place for four passengers and two crew.

Aérotrain S44 was a full-size passenger-carrying car intended for suburban commuter service at speeds of 200 km/h (in particular links between city centres and airports). It was equipped with a Linear Induction Motor (linear motor) propulsion system supplied by Merlin-Gérin.

Aérotrain I80 was a full-size passenger-carrying car for intercity service. It was 25.6 m long, 3.2 m wide, 3.3 m high, had a mass of 11.25 t empty, and had 80 passenger seats. In its original configuration (as I80-250 for 250 km/h), it was propelled by twin Turboméca Turmo III E3 turboshaft (1,610 horsepower (1,200 kW) each) powering a ducted propeller, 2.3 m in diameter, with seven blades of variable pitch. A Turboméca Turmastazou 14 turboshaft engine powered the air compressors (six horizontal for the support and six vertical for guidance). Braking was typically provided by reverse thrust of the propeller, and in emergencies by a friction brake on the central rail. External noise was 90-95 dBA at 65 yards (59 m).[3] I80-250 was later rebuilt for 350 km/h and re-designated as the I-80 HV (Haute Vitesse = high speed). The main change was the new propulsion system, a JT8Dturbofan from Pratt & Whitney mounted on top. I-80 HV established the world speed record for overland air cushion vehicles on 5 March 1974 with a mean speed of 417.6 km/h (259.5 mph) and a peak speed of 430.4 km/h (267.4 mph).

The Rohr prototype, officially called the Urban Tracked Air Cushion Vehicle (UTACV)[5] and colloquially the Rohr Aerotrain, was propelled by linear motor and was designed to carry 60 passengers at 150 mph (240 km/h).[2] It had a length of 94 ft (28 m) and an empty weight of 46,000 pounds (20.8 metric tons).

A test track was built in Pueblo, Colorado, where the prototype reached speeds of 145 mph (constrained by the length of track). Funding from UMTA ceased and the Rohr Industries Aerotrain was never commercialized. The Rohr prototype aérotrain remained on the premises of the Pueblo Weisbrod Aircraft Museum until July 2009. The prototype is now located at the Pueblo Railway museum.[6][7] The museum plans to open an aerotrain exhibition within the test vehicle in the next few months.[8]

1963: Jean Bertin presents a 1/12 scale model, 1.4 meters in length, to the public authorities and to SNCF.

15 April 1965: creation of the Société d’étude de l’Aérotrain (Company for the study of the Aérotrain).

16 December 1965: completion of the construction of the first prototype, Aérotrain 01.

21 February 1966: official inauguration in Seine-et-Oise (but now in Essonne) of the 6.7 km trial track for Aérotrain 01 between Gometz-le-Châtel and Limours (on the abandoned easement of the Paris-Chartres via Gallardon line). That day, in front of the press, Aérotrain 01 reaches 100 km/h. Days later it reaches 200 km/h.

23 December 1966: with the addition of a rocket, giving a combined power of 1,700 horsepower (1,300 kW), the Aérotrain 01 reaches a speed of 303 km/h.

1 November 1967: equipped with a jet engine, Aérotrain 01 reaches a speed of 345 km/h.[3]

Unlike aérotrain, TGV could use existing rail lines in metropolitan areas. Aérotrain would have required new lines, easements and stations in metropolitan areas.

As developed, the aérotrain had much lower capacity.

After the first oil shock, the fuel used by the Aérotrain I80 and TGV alike became costly for a time. The TGV switched to using cheap electricity from France's abundant nuclear power. The aérotrain could have done the same with further development by using a linear motor, an electric motor driven fan or wheel propulsion system. It is uncertain whether it would have been more expensive than the wheel based propulsion used by TGV.

The rail world was totally unfamiliar with the technology used by the aérotrain.

Grumman also developed an air-cushion transportation prototype (also known as tracked air cushion vehicle or TACV), tested within the same facility in Pueblo, which also stopped when UMTA funding ceased in the 1970s.