British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, discussing the recent victory over Rommel at El Alamein, Egypt, said "Now this is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps,
the end of the beginning."

1951

Direct-dial, coast-to-coast telephone service began with a call between the mayors of Englewood, N.J., and Alameda, Calif.

1954

The U.S. Marine Corps Memorial, depicting the raising of the American flag on Iwo Jima in 1945, was dedicated in Arlington, Va.

1961

The satirical anti-war novel "Catch-22" by Joseph Heller was published.

1969

"Sesame Street" debuted on PBS.

1975

The U.N. General Assembly approved a resolution equating Zionism with racism.

1982

Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev died at age 75.

1997

A judge in Cambridge, Mass., reduced Louise Woodward's murder conviction to manslaughter and sentenced the English au pair to time served in the death of 8-month-old Matthew Eappen.