200824487Direct and residual phosphorus effects on grain yieldphosphorus
uptake relationships in upland rice on an ultisol
in West Africa22Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major constraint to crop production on highly weathered, lowactivity
clay soils in the humid zone of West Africa. Past research suggested a linear relationship
between grain yield and P uptake over a range of fertilizer P applied to upland rice cultivars.
However, there is lack of information on how these relationships are affected by the long-term
fertilizer P effects, although such information is needed for developing P management strategies
because phosphate fertilization effects last for several seasons. Results from a long-term field
experiment (1993-1998) conducted to determine the response of four improved upland rice cultivars
to fertilizer P (0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 kg P ha-1) applied only once in 1993 and to its residues in 1994,
1995, 1996 and 1998, were used to determine grain yield and P uptake relationships. The soil at the
experimental site, in the humid forest zone of Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa), was an Ultisol with acidic
pH and low in available P. Significant linear relationships (R varying between 0.796 and 0.956) were
observed between grain yield and total P uptake for each of the crops grown during 1993-1998. The
results indicate that P uptake based models can be used to determine P requirements of rice cultivars
under direct and residual P.1-281288--K.L.SahrawatGlobal Theme-Agro Ecosystems, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT),
Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India.Global Theme-Agro Ecosystems, InternationalIrank.sahrawat@cgiar.orgGrain yieldPhosphorus uptakePhosphorus requirementDirect and residual phosphorus effectsPhosphorus managementHarvest indexImpact of 15N-labeled rice straw and rice straw compost
application on N mineralization and N uptake by rice22Incorporation of plant residues in soil affects N and C content and dynamics. This studydetermined the effects of short-term alternative rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue management on Nmineralization and uptake by rice. Pot and laboratory incubation experiments were established byincorporating 15N-labeled rice straw and rice straw compost in paddy soil. The 15N recovered by riceaveraged 16.6%; most of this recovered 15N-fertilizer was cycled through soil pools and only smallamounts originated from labeled rice residues. At harvest, denitrification rate of rice straw and ricestraw compost was 27.2% and 38.5%, respectively in the pot experiment, while residual N in soilranged from 56.2% and 55.1%, respectively. The incubation study showed that about 22-26% of Nfrom 15N-labeled rice straw was mineralized over a period of 105 days. Recovery of residual 15Nfertilizerappears to contribute little to total inorganic N. The results showed that rice residues exerteda small and short-term positive effect on N mineralization and N uptake.1-289296--A.GhoneimRice Research & Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.Rice Research & Training Center, FieldIranadel_rrtc15@yahoo.comSoil N poolN uptake15N-labeled rice residuesNitrogen recoveryQuantitative studies for investigating variation and its effect
on heterosis of rice22An important step in plant breeding programs is identification of parents that are geneticallydistant from each other, to find crossing combinations with better prospects of hybrid vigor. Thepotential of identifying genetically distant parents depends on genetic diversity of population. 58 linesof rice from diverse origins have been employed to study genetic variation in order to identify themost effective components of grain yield. Using cluster analysis, the lines were classified into threedistinct classes; some of classes containing lines from different origins. Factor analysis has beenconducted to identify important components of variation and contributions of traits in each factor.Based on factor analysis, 6 components were identified, explaining ~82% of observed variation.Evaluation of heterosis of crosses, whose parents were selected based on genetic distances (GD),showed that maximum heterosis was obtained for crosses containing the furthest lines. All together,our results support the idea that the level of correlation between hybrid performance and geneticdivergence is depends on the germplasm used.1-297308--A.AhmadikhahDepartment of Agronomy and plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences
and Natural Resources, Beheshti St., P.O. Box 386, Gorgan, Iran.Department of Agronomy and plant Breeding,Iranahmadikhah_a@gau.ac.ir--S.NasrollanejadDepartment of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural
Resources, Beheshti St., P.O. Box 386, Gorgan, Iran.Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty ofIran--O.AlishahCotton Research Institute of Iran, Gorgan, Iran.Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Gorgan,IranRiceVariationQuantitativeheterosisMicroarray analysis of gene expression patterns in
Arabidopsis seedlings under trehalose, sucrose and sorbitol
treatment22Trehalose is the non-reducing alpha-alpha-1, 1-linked glucose disaccharide. The biosynthesisprecursor of trehalose, trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P), is essential for plant development, growth,carbon utilization and alters photosynthetic capacity but its mode of action is not understood. In thecurrent research, 6 days old seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia ecotype) were grown inliquid culture containing 100 mM trehalose, sorbitol or sucrose for 24 hours. Changes in the genesexpression patterns were studied by cDNA microarray analysis. In sucrose treatment expression of1745 genes was significantly changed. But trehalose changed significantly the expression of only 162genes compared to sorbitol after 24h treatment. Gene expressions profiles revealed that 100 mMtrehalose altered 5% of the genes which are changed by 100 mM sucrose. Statistical analysis showedthat only 4 genes which are induced by trehalose repressed by sucrose. Exogenous trehalose treatmentdid not down-regulate the expression of carbon catabolite genes, but up-regulates a specificcombination of genes known from biotic stress responses. Trehalose induced gene expressionresponses related to ROS and secondary metabolism activation. The expression profile showsparticularly up-regulation (8-fold) of a glutathione transferase (GST22) under trehalose but notsucrose. Also, trehalose treatment induced expression of the JA and ethylene signaling pathwaysfactors. These findings revealed that trehalose or its precursor, T6P, are important in gene expressionregulation of plants.1-309320--M.AghdasiDepartement of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources,
Gorgan, Iran.Departement of Biology, Faculty of Science,IranAghdasi@gau.ac.ir--S.SmeekensDepartment of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8,
3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.Department of Molecular Plant Physiology,Iran--H.SchluepmanDepartment of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8,
3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.Department of Molecular Plant Physiology,IranTrehaloseT6PArabidopsis thalianaMicroarrayGene expressionGenetic diversity assessment in physic nut
(Jatropha curcas L.)22Mahalanobis’ D-square (D2) statistics was applied to assess diversity in the 9 genotypes collectedof semi-arid region of India (7 genotypes from Gujarat and Rajasthan for normal toxic and two fromOrissa csmcri’s plantation of non toxic nature. These genotypes were grouped into five. Cluster I andIII had two genotypes, cluster II had three genotypes and cluster VI and V contributed as solitarygermplasms. The genotypes in cluster II had the maximum divergence which was closely followed bycluster III. The maximum and minimum divergence was revealed between clusters I with cluster Vand cluster I and cluster V with cluster IV, respectively. In general, cluster III and IV exhibited highand low mean values, respectively for most of the characters. It has been suggested that for varietalimprovement, hybridization among the genotypes of divergent clusters should be done in order toobtain better results in terms of variability and diversity.1-321326--R.H.GohilDiscipline of Phytosalinity, Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India.Discipline of Phytosalinity, Central SaltIrangohil.rajendrasinh@hashbiotech.com--J.B.PandyaDiscipline of Phytosalinity, Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India.Discipline of Phytosalinity, Central SaltIranJatrophaJ. curcasCluster patternD-Square analysisSeasonal dynamics and prevalence of alfalfa fungal
pathogens in Zanjan province, Iran22During 2000 and 2001, the prevalence of fungal diseases of alfalfa was surveyed underenvironmental conditions in Zanjan province, Iran. In total, 15 genera of fungal pathogens wereisolated from plants sampled from the fields. All of these disease interactions had not been previouslyrecorded in Zanjan and Colletotrichum truncatum, Leptotrochila medicaginis, Phoma medicaginis,Rhizoctonia crocorum on alfalfa were new disease reports for Iran. In 2000, the mean diseaseincidence of fungal pathogens of alfalfa varied by sampling time and field location. Decreases in theincidence of diseases occurred after cuttings. The incidence of diseases detected in 2000 wascorrelated negatively with mean monthly temperature and positively with monthly total rainfall,indicating that reductions in diseases were associated with higher temperature and less humidity,irrespective of fungal species. In 2001, Ph. medicaginis was the predominant fungus infected 42.8%of plants in the alfalfa fields followed by Pseudopeziza medicaginis (39.1%), Uromyces striatus(33.3%), Peronospora trifoliorum (29.8%), Sporonema phacidioides (17.7%), and Leveillula taurica(10.1%), irrespective of sampling time and field location. There was no significant correlationbetween weather variables and disease incidence for Ph. medicaginis or L. taurica. However, theincidence of common leaf spot and downy mildew were significantly correlated with both monthlymean temperature and total rainfall. The incidence of rust was positively correlated with meanmonthly temperature, whereas the incidence of yellow leaf blotch was negatively correlated withmonthly total rainfall. This improved knowledge of diseases of alfalfa in Zanjan will assist in thefuture selection of management strategies and breeding of suitable cultivars for use in regions withsimilar climatic conditions.1-327340--B.NaseriDepartment of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 45195474, Zanjan, Iran.Department of Plant Protection, AgriculturalIranbitanaseri@yahoo.com--A.R.MarefatDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran.Department of Plant Protection, Faculty ofIranLucernefoliar diseasedisease incidenceweatherEffects of application of olive mill by-products on chickpea
yield and their symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi under arid
conditions22This study investigated the effects of soil amendment with olive mill by-products (Jift) on growthof chickpea and their symbiosis with Vesicular arbascular (VA) fungi. A split plot design with threereplications was used, in which soil treatments (methyl bromide fumigated, fungicide, and untreatedcontrol) were assigned to main plots and soil-Jift mixtures(Jift: Soil; 0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, and 4:6) tosub plots . Results indicated that the highest seed yield (2295 kg ha-1) was attained under untreatedcontrol followed by those which treated with fungicide (2260 kg ha-1) and methyl bromide (2031 kgha-1). When Jift was considered as main factor, seed yield was found to be increased as Jift level wasincreased in soil mixtures. However, the greatest Jift level at the rate of 3:7 produced insignificantincrease of seed and over the yields produced at the rate of 2:8. Phosphorus content per plant wassenior under untreated control plots than under methyl bromide and fungicide treatments. There was apropensity of improved phosphorus content along with increasing Jift level in soil mixtures. On theother hand, the highest Jift level (3:7) caused phosphorus content to be somewhat decreasedcompared to Jift at the rate of 2:8, under untreated control and methyl bromide treatment.1-341352--K.HameedDepartment of Plant Production, Jordan University of science and Technology, Ma’an, P.O. Box 20, Jordan.Department of Plant Production, Jordan UniversityIran--M.TurkDepartment of Plant Production, Jordan University of science and Technology, Ma’an, P.O. Box 20, Jordan.Department of Plant Production, Jordan UniversityIran--T.AssafDepartment of Plant Production, Jordan University of science and Technology, Ma’an, P.O. Box 20, Jordan.Department of Plant Production, Jordan UniversityIran--A.M.AL-TawahaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Al Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, P.O. Box 20, Jordan.Department of Biological Sciences, Al HusseinIranabdel.al-tawaha@elf.mcgill.caJiftChickpeaOliveResponses of proline, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative
enzymes in two varieties of Pisum sativum L. under salt
stress22The possible involvement of activated oxygen species in the mechanism of damage by NaClstress was studied in leaves of two varieties of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cv. EC 33866 and Puget. Thelevel of lipid peroxidation, enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbateperoxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), dihydroascorbate reductase(DHAR, 1.8.5.1) were studied. High chlorophyll stability was observed in EC 33866 varieties thanPuget. Significant accumulation in the levels of Na+ and Cl- was observed in Puget as theconcentration of salt increased. Decrease in levels of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ was recorded in bothvarieties but Puget showed more decrease as compared to EC 33866. Salt stress increased the rate oflipid peroxidation in both the varieties of pea but more decrease was observed in Puget. Salt stressinduced significant increase in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. The SOD and APX increasedin both varieties at all concentrations but the increase was more in EC 33866 variety than Puget. GRand DHAR were increased in both the varieties at 150 mM NaCl, however at 200 mM NaCl declinewas observed. Decline of DHAR and GR was more pronounced in Puget as compared to the EC33866 variety.1-353366--P.AhmadBiochemistry Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas,
New Delhi 110016, India.Biochemistry Lab, Centre for Rural DevelopmentIranpervaiz_iitd2002@yahoo.com--R.JohnCentre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.Centre for Energy Studies, Indian InstituteIran--M.SarwatPlant Molecular Biology Lab. (ICGEB) Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.Plant Molecular Biology Lab. (ICGEB) ArunaIran--S.UmarDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India.Department of Botany, Faculty of Science,IranAntioxidant enzymesinorganic nutrientslipid peroxidationOxidative stressPisum sativumProlineSalt stress