This is the generic class for devices, per se, of general application
which are used for closing or opening electrical circuits and the
combination of these devices with their operating means. In the
combined devices there must be something more than the mere inclusion
of a circuit maker or breaker broadly.

Combinations of circuit makers and breakers with electrical
plugs, sockets, or other connectors are in this class.

Electrical systems or circuits are excluded from this class.
These systems or circuits are classified in the various electrical
or art classes, depending on the particular form of electrical system
or of the apparatus controlled.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

A circuit maker or breaker of this class (200) can be distinguished
from an electrical connector of Class 439, Electrical Connectors,
in that a circuit maker or breaker comprises an assemblage of parts
including both a movable contact and its mating contact wherein
there is a positive (permanent) physical connection between the contacts
such that a contact is restricted to move with respect to a mating
contact along a prescribed path each time the circuit maker or breaker
operates, whereas an electrical connector is physically separated
from the distinct, mating connector each time the circuit is broken.

The combination of an electrical circuit maker or breaker
with an electrical connector will be found in this class (200).
For example, an electrical connector with a distinct switch actuated
by a mating connector is included in this class (200), especially
in subclasses 61.58+. An electrical connector that includes
integrally therewith a "switching" component actuated
by coupling engagement with a mating connector is to be found in
Class 439. Search especially Class 439, subclass 188 for an electrical
connector having circuit interrupting provision effected by mating.

An electrical connector, per se, may include movable contacts
and be in the class of electrical connectors. For example, Search
Class 439, subclasses 43+ for an electrical connector with
a selectable circuit wherein no details of the circuit structure
is set forth; subclasses 152+ for an electrical connector
detachable from a mating connector by snap or quick-break action;
subclasses 259+ for a connector with a contact moved laterally
into engagement with a mating contact in a "zero insertion force
device"; subclasses 296+ for an electrical connector
with coupling movement-actuating means or retaining means in addition
to the contact, especially subclasses 310+ for a retaining
means with distinct movement-actuating means to move a coupling
part axially; and subclasses 374+ for an electrical connector with
guiding means for mating of a coupling part.

This class (200) has not been screened to verify placement
according to this line.

Search should be made in the art or special application classes
for circuit-controllers of such special type as to be peculiarly
adapted for those arts-- e.g., telegraph keys in Class 178, Telegraphy,
telephone-switches in Class 379, Telephonic Communications.

Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, for patents claiming a metal composition, e.g.,
an alloy or a composition having a continuous phase of free metal
made by consolidating metal particles.

Metal Treatment,
subclasses 400+ for elemental metal or alloys which (a) are the
product of a Class 148 process (e.g., heat treated, age hardened),
(b) are claimed in terms of specific magnetic properties or as having
particular internal structure which affects the magnetic properties,
(c) are amorphous, (d) possess the property of shape memory, (e)
are the product of a significant Class 164, Metal Founding, step
(e.g., chill cast, directionally solidified, etc.), (f) are the
product of the dispersion of particulate matter in molten metal
which particulate retains its identity in the final product (e.g.,
dispersion strengthened, etc.).

Compositions,
subclasses 500+ for electrically conductive compositions and devices
defined solely in terms of the composition of which they are composed.
Included are contacts and switches defined solely in terms of their
composition or stock.

Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, appropriate subclasses. Class 313 is the generic class
for space discharge devices. See
subclasses 146+ of Class 313 for discharge devices which are provided
with a movable electrode. Some discharge devices are closely analogous
in structure to some types of circuit makers and breakers. See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class in Class 313 for the
distinction between a space discharge device and a circuit maker
and breaker.

Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes, appropriate subclasses for electric space discharge
devices designed to pass an electric current (e.g., arc, spark,
etc.) between two electrodes spaced apart in a vacuum or a gas or
vapor atmosphere (including atmospheric air). See Class 314 where
the discharge device is provided with an electrode which is consumed
during the operation and has means to feed the electrodes together
to compensate for the consumption of the electrode.

Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 101+ for plural channel systems including branched circuits
with switching, subclass 13 for resonator type breakdown discharge
system, e.g., T-R or R-T systems, and subclass 262 for long line
elements and components which may perform a switching or blocking
function, e.g., long line short circuiting switches and long line
shorting plugs.

Communications: Radio Wave Antennas,
subclass 768for slot type antennas with periodic control of
the slot or coupling; subclass 777 for plural wave guide type antennas
with control of the individual antenna; subclass 876 for antennas
with switching between the antennas and lines; and subclass 904
for antennas which may be combined with a switch.

Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 600+ for arrangements of circuit closures on a mounting
or in a housing. See also, subclass 115 for specific circuit breaker structure
in protection of safety of a system or device.

Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 379+ for coated electrical conductors which may include
contacts and switches, but which are merely coated bases recited
solely as a substrate with a particular coating therein; see also subclasses
411.1+ for a composite web or sheet which is characterized
solely by the compositions of the layers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Devices comprising a plurality of switches each being separately
operated and usually provided with interlocking means to permit
their operation only in a definite order.

This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices comprising two or more contacts arranged in the
arc of a circle, the contact-surface being in a plane and having
a pivoted cooperating sliding contact moving in a plane parallel
to that of the contact-surfaces.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Devices in which the movable contact is biased toward a
certain position, usually the off position, and is adapted to be
held in some other position and released by means of an electromagnet.

This subclass is indented under subclass 19.07. Subject matter wherein the rotary contact is used in a direct
current generator to reverse the direction of an electric current
and maintain a current flowing in one direction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 19.07. Subject matter wherein the rotary contact is used in a device
in a multicylinder engine for distributing the ignition voltage
to the spark plugs in a definite sequence.

This subclass is indented under subclass 19.07. Subject matter in which the contact pressure between the
fixed and movable contacts is exerted in a line radial to the arc
of movement of the pivoted contact.

This subclass is indented under subclass 19.21. Subject matter including a mechanism directed outward away
from a center that is used for automatically advancing the time
of the spark in response to a predetermined increase in engine speed.

(1)Note. The centrifugal advance mechanism may be used singly
or in combination with a vacuum or suction controlled advance mechanism.

This subclass is indented under subclass 19.21. Subject matter wherein the process or condition of sucking
controls advance mechanism, directly responsive to changes in engine
temperature, automatically adjusts the time of the spark.

This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject matter comprising details of a distributor cap which
may include fixed contact arrangements, adjustability of cap to
housing, electrical connection of wires to the cap, ventilation
means, etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject matter in which a rotary contact is used in a device
in a multicylinder engine for distributing the ignition voltage
to the spark plugs in a definite sequence.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices wherein a single circuit is closed or opened by
placing a plurality of circuit controlling switches in a specified
relationship to complete or open the circuit.

(1)Note. These devices are commonly known as permutation switches.

(2)Note. The switches are normally in series when the desired
state is circuit completion and the switches are normally parallel
when the desired state is an open circuit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 42.01. Devices including a separate and distinct actuator for opening
or closing the switches in a predetermined pattern, which actuator
can be withdrawn from the switch (e.g., key).

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices having structure to prohibit or restrain the operation
of a switch actuator including for example coded elements (e.g., combination
codes), locks or other circuit completing means.

(1)Note. The term "switch" is a device for making
or breaking an electrical circuit and it normally activated by an "actuator".
The actuator may take many forms such as button, handles, keys
or some other type of element. A "coded element" may
be in the form of a special tool, key, combinations such as permutation
codes or combination locks.

for connector couplers which do not include restraining
or inhibiting means and see the definitions of 51+ for
placement of combined switches and electrical connectors classifiable in
this subclass and subclasses 51+.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.01. Devices having structure which prevents an actuator for
an ignition switch from being returned to start position after being
activated without first being moved to "off",
standby or some other nonactivated position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.04. Devices comprising multiple switch contacts to activate
multiple circuits where all circuits are selectively actuated by
introducing a single coded element.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.04. Devices wherein the switch device includes structure which
is mechanically moved to an activated condition by inserting a coded
element, and to a nonactivated condition by removal of the coded
element.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.04. Devices wherein the actuator is a coded element normally
referred to as a key which key activates a switch device typically
including structure such as lock cylinders and plungers.

(1)Note. The devices provided for in this subclass require a
key which will only operate a switch having a matching plunger configuration.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.01. Devices wherein contacts are spontaneously activated by
means of a series of combination moves of a combination lock.

(1)Note. The combination locks provided for in this subclass
are generally disclosed as tumbler type, where a series of correct
rotations of the operating mechanism releases a part of the lock
to automatically activate the switch contacts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.01. Devices including means that prevent unauthorized movement
of the actuator or the contacts, or prohibits access to the actuator,
until the lock is opened.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.11. Devices wherein the actuator is a button or knob that when
pushed operates to open or close an electric circuit, and including
a lock which prevents operations of the button or knob.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.19. Devices wherein the blocking element is mounted on the actuator
handle, lever, plunger or other type actuator and the blocking element must
be removed to enable movement of the actuator.

Registers,
subclass 56for voting machines using sheet controlled switches,
and subclasses 441+, 444+ and 452 for record-sensing
devices wherein switches may be opened or closed or circuits made
in accordance with areas on the record that contain coded indicia,
the area where said indicia is sensed conveying particular information.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices include circuit-controllers adapted to limit the
travel of electrically-driven devices. They are generally used in
hoisting devices to break the circuit at the desired limits of travel.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices adapted to be mounted on a telephone-pole to disconnect
the transmission-line. They are usually adapted to be operated
from indoors and isolate the telephone during a storm.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices in which means are provided for insuring a predetermined
sequence of operation of a plurality of switches or of a switch
and an associated element, as the switch-casing cover or an auxiliary
plug.

Electricity: Electrothermally or Thermally Actuated
Switches,
subclasses 43, 201 and 339 for an interlock associated with electrothemally
or thermally actuated switches, and subclasses 284+ for
a plurality of fusible switches selectively or sequentially inserted
in the same circuit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.01. Subject matter wherein the interlocking means associated
between the switch and a casing, a box, or a container having a
cover or a door to facilitate engagement and disengagement of switch
operating mechanism.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.02. Subject matter wherein the element includes means attached
to the housing to be gripped by the hand to latch the cover or the
door when the switch is closed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.03. Subject matter including means attached to the cover of
the switch box so that the cover may be opened and closed and automatically
disengages and engages the handle from an interior switch actuator.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.02. Subject matter wherein the element includes means to be
gripped by the hand so that automatically disengages and engages
the handle from an interior switch actuator.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.02. Subject matter wherein an insulating base or slab houses
a protective device, usually a short piece of wire but sometimes
a chemical compound which melts and breaks a circuit when a current
exceeds a rated value.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.02. Subject matter including a barrier member for protecting
or screening terminal contacts of the switch from electric or magnetic
fields generated within the device.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.02. Subject matter wherein the interlocking means is operatively
connected between the switch mechanism and the door so that the
opening of the switch is prerequisite to the opening of the door,
and the closing of the door is prerequisite to the closing of the
switch.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.12. Subject matter comprising an aggregate of switching facilities
having components on a sliding box or receptacle that is opened
by pulling out and closed by pushing in, combined with an enclosure
for a power station or transforming station.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.02. Subject matter including means attached to the housing to
be gripped by the hand for selectively locking or unlocking a cover
of the switch housing closed in one or more predetermined positions
of such handle corresponding to the opened and closed condition
of the switch.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.02. Subject matter wherein the interlocking means is used for
a duct run containing bus bars and a connector box having retractable
contacts and an interlock cover to prevent the opening of the box
when the contacts are in the engaged position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.01. Subject matter comprising an aggregate of switching facilities
having components on a sliding box or receptacle that is opened
by pulling out and closed by pushing in, combined with an enclosure
for a power station or transforming station.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.21. Subject matter wherein the interlock means is in the form
of a sliding guard or shutter which physically closes off connecting
apertures to the switch gear contacts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.21. Subject matter including a force amplifying or levering
mechanism for locking the breaker in each of its plurality of positions
automatically without need for guesswork by the operator as to how
far the circuit breaker must be moved to place it in the desired
position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.24. Subject matter wherein the racking mechanism is a forming
a continuous helical rib, or thread, with the cylindrical shank,
or spindle, from which it projects.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.21. Subject matter including means providing a visual indication
of the connect, disconnect, or test positions of the circuit interrupter
unit in the draw-out type switchgear.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.21. Subject matter comprising structural details of support
to hold electrode, or electrode which engages or disengages to open
or close the circuit within the circuit interrupter,

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.01. Subject matter wherein the locking means is associated with
the switch and a connector assembly comprising a plug and an outlet
to facilitate engagement and disengagement of switch operating mechanism.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.28. Subject matter wherein the interlocking means is operatively
connected between the switch mechanism and the connector assembly
so that the opening of the switch is prerequisite to the opening
the plug from the receptacle, and the locking the plug on the receptacle
is prerequisite to the closing the switch.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.28. Subject matter including means which prevents withdrawal
of the plug from the receptacle when the switch is in the on position,
and to prevent movement of the switch into the on position in the
absence of a plug positioned in the receptacle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.01. Subject matter including two or more switches with the interlocking
mechanism connecting the switches such that the operation of one
or more of those switches affects the operation of the others of
the switches.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.32. Subject matter including means to control the operation
of the electrical switch, to maintain one electrical switch in an
inoperative condition during the time that another electrical switch
is energized.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.33. Subject matter wherein the switch contacts are moved into
engagement or disengagement by a push button actuator having a single
surface on which pressure is exerted to engage and disengage the
contacts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50.32. Subject matter wherein the interlocking arrangement for
two or more operating mechanisms of two or more switches in series
conducting relation whereby one switch must be opened before the
other switch or switches can be opened.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Connector coupling devices (a) combined with a switch in
a unitary structure, or (b) capable of functioning as a switch;
i.e., having means specially provided for holding the complementary
coupling parts in mechanically coupled but open-circuit position.
(For exceptions, see especially Note (4) below).

(1)Note. "Connector coupling" as used above
refers to electrical connectors, other than mere binding posts,
comprising a pair of complementary parts each having contact means
adapted to be readily engaged or disengaged by manipulation of said
parts. Such parts are commonly known as plugs, sockets, receptacles,
and the like.

(2)Note. For the distinction between "connectors" and "switches",
see Note (3) to the main class definition.

(3)Note. The plug, socket, et cetera, may constitute or be combined
with the base of a lamp, heater, or other translating device and
mere recitation by name only of the lamp, heater, or such other
device does not exclude the patent from this class.

(4)Note. Combinations of connector-coupling devices with the
following specified types of circuit makers and breakers are excluded
from this subclass and will be found in the subclasses indicated below
in Search This Class, Subclass.

Electrical Connectors, especially
subclass 188for an electrical connector having circuit interrupting
provision effected by mating or having a "dead" contact
actuated after mating. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class in this class (200) for more details of the lines between
this class and Class 439.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Devices the parts of which are specially shaped or arranged
to resemble a candle or to permit the assembly to be inclosed in
a relatively elongated tubular sheath having the appearance of a candle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Devices having a plurality of separate plug, socket, or
other coupling parts for cooperation with a like number of complementary
coupling parts.

(1)Note. This subclass includes, for example, (a) devices having
a plug at one end and a socket at the other, sometimes known as
adapters, (b) lamp sockets having one or more plug receptacles combined
therewith, and (c) multiple lamp sockets, sometimes known as cluster lamp
sockets.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51.02. Devices in which single or plural switching means may be
so operated as to open or close a selected part only of the total
number of circuits under control of the switching means.

(1)Note. This subclass includes, for example, multiple lamp
sockets having a switch which can be operated to light any desired
number of lamps at will of the operator.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Single coupling connector devices in which single or plural
switching means may be so operated as to open or close a selected
part only of the total number of circuits under control of the switching
means.

(1)Note. This subclass includes, for example, lamp sockets combined
with switching means for selectively controlling a remote lamp in
addition to the lamp in the socket.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Devices in which the two complementary parts of a connector
coupling may be moved relative to one another to open or close a
circuit, without completely uncoupling the parts.

(1)Note. This subclass includes, for example, plug and socket
devices wherein the circuit may be broken by turning the plug in
the socket without removing the plug from the socket.

(2)Note. Where the circuit can be broken by partially uncoupling
the plug from its socket, this subclass includes only those wherein
special means (latch, detent, etc.) is provided for holding the
parts in their partially uncoupled relation. Thus, this subclass
does not take mere screw-threading coupling devices, such as screw-shell
lamp sockets in which the lamp may be extinguished by partially unscrewing
the same from the socket, unless special means are provided for holding
the lamp in the "Off" position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51.07. Devices in which the coupling is of the "Bayonet" type;
i.e., coupling of the parts is effected by engagement of a pin,
stud, or other projection carried by one of the parts in a slot
or groove having entrance and seat portions and formed in the other
part.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Devices in which a switch is automatically operated upon
engagement or disengagement of the complementary coupling parts.

(1)Note. This subclass includes, for example, lamp sockets wherein
upon removal of the lamp therefrom, a switch automatically opens
the circuit of the socket contacts, thus preventing short-circuiting
of the socket contacts by tools, foreign matter, etc., or preventing
shock by accidental touching of the contacts.

for connector coupling devices in which a circuit
is made or broken by relative motion of a coupling member with respect
to a complementary coupling member without completely separating
the coupled parts.

Electrical Connectors,
subclasses 135+ and especially subclasses 137+ for connectors
having movable nonuse covering means operable upon disengagement
of the coupling parts to cover or prevent access to any contact
thereof; and subclasses 310+ for an electrical connector
having a "dead" contact actuated after mating.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51.09. Devices in which separation of the coupling members automatically
close a switch, usually to "short-circuit" the
contacts of one of the coupling members.

(1)Note. This subclass includes, for example, (a) lamp sockets
for series lighting systems having switching means automatically
operable upon removal of the lamp to "short-circuit" the
contacts of the socket thus permitting the remainder of the lamps
in series therewith to remain lit, and (b) connector couplings used
in train-line signaling systems in which separation of the coupling
members causes the contacts of one of the coupling members to come
together, thus completing a circuit for signaling or other purposes.

Electrical Connectors,
subclass 188for an electrical connector having a circuit interrupting
provision effected by mating or having a "dead" contact actuated
after mating; and see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class
in this class (Class 200) definition. Search subclasses 507+ for
a jumper to be temporarily inserted across an electrical flow path
having means for matching or interengaging union with such connector
to divert or shunt the flow of electricity so as to shorten the
path and/or to preserve the circuit continuity.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Connector coupling members in which the switch contacts
are in parallel with or "bridge" the coupling
contacts thus short circuiting the coupling contacts when the switch
is closed.

(1)Note. This subclass includes, for example, lamp sockets for
use in series lighting systems having a push-button or other switch
for short circuiting the filament of the lamp.

Electrical Connectors,
subclass 188for an electrical connector having a circuit interrupting
provision effected by mating or having a "dead" contact actuated
after mating; and see the line notes in Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, in this class (Class 200) definition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Connector coupling devices comprised of two separable coupling
members, in which one of the switch contacts is mounted in or on
one of the coupling members and a cooperating switch contact is
mounted in or on the complementary coupling member, said switch
contacts serving also as coupling contacts of the respective members.

(1)Note. This subclass includes, for example, lamp sockets of
the screw-shell type, the center contact of which may be disengaged
from the center contact of the lamp base by an actuating means without disturbing
the relation between the lamp and the socket.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Connector coupling devices in which the coupling is of the "Bayonet" type,
i.e., coupling of the parts is effected by engagement of a pin, stud,
or other projection carried by one of the parts in a slot or groove
having entrance and seat portions, and formed in the other part.

Electrical Connectors,
subclasses 671+ for a plural-contact coupling part having a bayonet-coupling
contact, and see the search note appended thereto for another type
of bayonet coupling electrical connector.

Electrical Connectors,
subclasses 661+ for a plural-contact coupling part having a screw-thread-coupling contact,
and see the search notes appended thereto for the location of other
screw coupling type electrical connectors, per se.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices in which the circuit maker or breaker is associated
with various devices acting either as special operators for or modified to
carry the circuit controller. The circuit controller must be an
essential element of the combination. A mere conventional or incidental showing
of the circuit controller is not enough.

Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 76+ for systems for supplying electric energy to lamps
and/or electric space discharge devices of the gaseous
ionization type, the system including an electric switch which is
associated with a particular device (as a brake pedal), the switch
being operated by the movement of some part of the device.

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Circuit-controllers are arranged to cooperate with the pointer
of an indicating instrument or there is a common operator for the
pointer and the circuit-controller.

Measuring and Testing, for most measuring instruments (see the Notes to that class
for other measuring instrument classes) and for the combination of
a Class 73 measuring instrument and a circuit controller wherein
the circuit controller is claimed broadly (Class 200
subclass 56provides for the combination when specific structure
of the circuit controller is claimed).

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Circuit controllers comprising means whose action is initiated
by the presence of non-liquid fluids including colloidal suspensions
of solid particles in a gas.

(1)Note. These circuit controllers may involve mechanisms which
become unbalanced as a result of exothermic reaction, breakdown
of surface tension, or buoyancy due to the presence of the gas.

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Circuit controllers having means which become operative
as a result of contact with nongaseous fluid(s) whose presence is
merely Adventitious, or with vapor.

Electricity: Electrothermally or Thermally Actuated
Switches, appropriate subclasses for switches responsive to heat
generated by current in the circuit or heat from some external source
or a combination of both.

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Apparatus in which a propelled or independently movable
element of a game or amusement device brings about the actuation
of a switch by that element"s contacting with, or proximity
to, a switch part.

Amusement Devices: Games,
subclasses 108+ and 317+ for game devices involving aerial
and surface projectiles, and subclass 238 for removable and discrete
game pieces which change the status of an electrical circuit located
in a game board.

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Circuit makers and breakers in which the operating mechanisms
thereof are controlled by continuous or indefinite lengths of material such
as motion picture film, rope, yarn, endless belts and the like,
travelling in a given path or being wound onto or unwound from spools
or reels.

(1)Note. For textile machines, including fiber preparation apparatus,
which have an electrical switch controlled by a thread or strand,
search the following classes listed below.:

Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate subclasses for methods of, and apparatus for,
feeding material without utilizing the leading or trailing ends
to effect movement of the material, especially
subclasses 10+ for a feeder provided with material responsive
control means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.13. Devices wherein the control is effected by a special configuration
or characteristic given or applied to the material at a definite
point along its length.

(1)Note. For textile machines including fiber preparation apparatus
which have an electrical switch controlled by a knot or variation
in diameter of a thread or stand, search the following classes listed below:

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.15. Devices wherein the amount of material on the spool or reel
is determined by means responsive to the distance the material is
built up from the axis of spool rotation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.13. Devices in which the controller is actuated concurrently
with the attainment of or departure from a predetermined rotational
speed (including zero rpm) of a member which is in rolling frictional
contact with the material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.13. Circuit controllers in which the actuation is in response
to slack or reduction in tautness, breakage, runout or failure to
travel along the intended path of the material being fed.

(1)Note. For textile machines including fiber preparation apparatus
which have an electrical switch controlled by the slack, breakage,
runout or failure to properly track of a thread or strand, search
the following classes listed below:

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Circuit controllers comprising a nonconductive body located
between the contacts of a circuit maker to hold the said contacts
physically separated during the presence of said body, absence thereof
permitting the said contacts to come into abutting or face-to-face
relation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Circuit makers and breakers which are actuated by an element
which responds, in circuit making or breaking manner, to the height
or volume within a receptacle of the surface of material contained
thereby.

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Circuit makers and breakers associated with a pneumatic
tire for a vehicle in use, whose actuation is controlled by means
responsive to an increase and/or decrease above or below
a normal operating pressure range of the air or other gas used to
maintain the tire in its inflated condition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.22. Devices in which the control means is a sensing member which
contacts the "bulge" at the ground engaging area
of the tire casing which results from the deflation of the tire.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.22. Devices in which the control means is actuated by a member
which moves into contact with the vehicle supporting surface as
a result of the lowering of the vehicle caused by the deflation of
the tire.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.22. Devices wherein the control means is operated by the pressurized
fluid within the tire casing. Included are such means as bellows,
Bourdon tubes, pistons and diaphragms.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.25. Devices in which the fluid pressure actuated control means
is feeler means which is resiliently urged into contact with the
gas confining tube of the tire and which moves as a result of the
softening of the tube due to a decrease in gas pressure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Circuit makers and breakers especially adapted for use on
vehicles to control the supply of current to vehicle turn indicating
devices, and being generally operated by movement of a vehicle controlling
means or by independent manual or pedal means.

(1)Note. Switches disclosed for use with illuminating means,
as for example, auxiliary headlamps (e.g., curve lamps) which are
switch controlled by vehicle turning, are included in this group together
with other disclosed vehicle turning switch controlled devices.

Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclass 80for systems for supplying electric energy to lamp
and/or electric space discharge devices of the gas or vapor ionization
type, the system including a switch which is operated by the movement
of a vehicle controlling means (steering wheel, hand or foot lever).

Communications: Electrical,
subclass 465for signals which automatically respond to vehicle
turning or steering and subclasses 475+ for turn signals
which are manually actuated and may be automatically cancelled.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.3. Devices in which the setting to signal indicating position
of the circuit controller is accomplished by the turning of the
vehicle from its straight ahead course.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.31. Devices provided with additional means for manually setting
the said circuit controller, or an additional circuit controller,
to signal indicating position prior to turning.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.3. Devices in which the restoring means comprises a pivotally
movable unidirectionally acting member of rachet-like or pawl-like function
brought into position for restoring engagement with some part of
the steering mechanism by a manual switch setting lever or operator.

(1)Note. The rachet-like action or unidirectional engagement
of the dog may not be accomplished by the mere resilient or elastic
nature of the member, but rather by being pivoted out of engagement while
the steering mechanism moves to initiate a turn.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.35. Devices in which restoration is accomplished by the physical
engagement of the steering wheel or an attachment thereof with some
part of the manual switch setting lever or operator, or functionally
integral extension thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.35. Devices in which restoration is accomplished by motion imparted
to some member of the switching organization through rolling contact means
by a rotating steering wheel or post.

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Apparatus in which a circuit is made or broken in response
to a mere change in direction of rotation (not to angular acceleration
or deceleration) of a shaft, the manner of making or breaking the
circuit consequent upon rotation of the shaft in one direction differing
from that corresponding to rotation in the opposite direction.

(1)Note. Although it is a form of acceleration, the change in
direction of rotation involved in a shaft"s going from
rest to rotation in either direction is considered a mere change
of direction for this subclass.

(2)Note. The difference in function, dependent upon direction
of rotation, may comprise the closing of alternative circuits, for
instance; or by way of additional example, the making of a circuit corresponding
with rotation of a shaft in one direction and the breaking of such circuit
upon rotation in the opposite direction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Devices in which the circuit maker and breaker is actuated
by the accomplishment of a predetermined change in the diameter
of a workpiece or of an element in an organized device.

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Apparatus which operates to open or close a circuit in response
to the motion of a fixedly supported mechanical tentacle or movable obstruction
(feeler), which motion is brought about by the presence of an object
moving through the zone of operation of such feeler.

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Devices which operate to open or close a circuit in response
to the motion of a mechanical tentacle or movable obstruction (feeler)
which motion is brought about by the impingement of such feeler
against an object (either moving or stationary) due to the motion
of the feeler support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.42. Apparatus in which an edge of a closure is provided with
circuit making and breaking means constituting a feeler means, contacting
of an object by such edge resulting in circuit controlling movement.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.42. Circuit makers and breakers the support for whose feeler
element is transported by a conveyance (aerial, ground or marine)
so that at least a component of the sensing motion of the feeler
is imparted to it by the motion of the conveyance.

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Circuit makers and breakers operated by (a) the action of
gravity on a part thereof when the relation of the circuit controller
as a unit to the horizontal is changed and/or (b) the tendency of
a part thereof to remain at rest or to continue moving at a constant
rate of speed when the circuit controller as a unit is caused to
be accelerated or decelerated.

(1)Note. Those circuit controllers which are actuated in response
to (a) a change in direction of motion, (b) linear displacement,
or (c) the attainment of a predetermined speed, without regard to
the rate at which (a), (b), or (c) is accomplished are not in this
subclass or in those indented hereunder, but will be found in other
appropriate subclasses in this class.

(2)Note. As applied to vehicles these controllers are generally
known as collision or upset switches.

(3)Note. The duration of the period of acceleration (or deceleration)
may be imperceptible or minute such as when the circuit controller
is jarred or vibrated.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.45. Devices in which a circuit controller is operated by the
change in the relative rotational velocities of two rotating units
one of which is an inertia member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.45. Devices in which a body of current conducting liquid flows
under the influence of gravity, or by reason of its inertia, into
or out of circuit closing position.

(1)Note. The switch operation must be by virtue of the inertia
of the conducting fluid or by the change of inclination of the fluid
containing vessel without the use of actuating levers, the fluid
containing vessel being rigid with respect to the body whose inclination
is changed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.45. Devices in which an inertia body forming a part of the circuit
controller unit moves with a swinging motion (relative to the circuit
controller support) in response to a change in inclination or rate
of motion of the said circuit controller support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.48. Devices wherein the inertia member is constrained to move
in an arcuate path by a flexible springy elongated member fixed
at one end and free at the other, the said member being attached
to the free end.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.48. Devices provided with means for preventing the swinging
inertia member from reverting to the position occupied by it prior
to being disturbed by the change of inclination or rate of motion.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.48. Devices in which the swinging inertia member and/or
its supporting arm conduct electrical current when the circuit controller
is in its disturbed or other than normal position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.45. Devices whose circuit controlling member moves under the
influence of gravity alone when the circuit maker and breaker undergoes a
change in inclination.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.45. Devices in which the circuit controlling member is constrained
to move along a straight line path.

(1)Note. Patents in this subclass are generally provided with
means restraining the moving members thereby requiring that an accelerating
force be applied thereto to the restraining means. For those linearly
moving controlling members which are unrestrained, see subclass 61.08,
tilt responsive.

Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 80+ for systems for supplying electric energy to lamp
and/or electric space discharge devices of the gas or vapor ionization
type, the system including a switch which is operated by the movement
of a vehicle controlling means (steering wheel, hand or foot lever).

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.54. Devices at the center of the steering wheel and spring urged
to circuit breaking position, closing the circuit requiring the
overcoming of the spring means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.55. Devices having an actuating lever outwardly extending from
the center whereby the circuit can be closed from a region proximate
the periphery of the wheel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Circuit makers and breakers which are so connected with
apparatus other than switch means that the volitional use of such
apparatus, in the normal manner, necessarily brings about a substantially
simultaneous actuation of such circuit maker and breaker.

(1)Note. The volitional use (referred to above) requires that
the utilizing act which initiates the circuit controlling action
be brought about by human agency (e.g., through opening of a door, turning
of a handle, etc.), not merely by the attainment of a certain point
in the cycle of operation of a mechanism.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.58. Devices in whose operation or use the volitional act, which
initiates the circuit-controlling action, is the insertion of an
article into the art device.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.58. Means in whose operation the volitional use comprises the
movement of a sliding compartment, till, or receptacle within an
encompassing receptacle or cabinet.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.58. Circuit makers and breakers whose circuit-controlling operation
is brought about by the movement of a closure member, an operator therefor
or an accessory thereof.

Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclass 84for systems for supplying electric energy to lamps
and/or electric space discharge devices of the gas or vapor ionization
type, the systems having a switch which is operated by the movement
of a door or window sash.

for letter boxes which comprise circuit controlling
means which respond to the insertion or presence of a letter in
the box in addition to or instead of means responsive to the movement
of a closure or its operator.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.64. Devices in which (1) a substitute implement or the like,
not intended for use with the lock, or (2) the mere insertion of
an implement (key) or substitute therefor causes the circuit to
be made.

(1)Note. The unauthorized keys of section (1) under this subclass
definition do not, of course, serve as operators for the locks or
bolts; however, those which are proper operate to move the latch
or lock-bolt without changing the circuit condition then present.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.64. Devices having a bar like securing means which is movable
to engage or disengage a retaining means and also controls a circuit.
The securing means is either a part of the circuit or else acts
as the circuit controller.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.67. Devices in which the movement of the securing means into
engagement with the retaining means either (1) makes direct electrical
contact therewith or (2) moves a circuit maker within said retaining
means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.62. Means including a circuit maker and breaker whose operation
requires the movement of a plurality of closures into a predetermined
position, or a circuit maker and breaker whose cycle of operation
(i.e., a making and breaking of the circuit) corresponds to more
than one closure operating cycle (i.e., more than one opening and
closing of a closure).

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.71. Devices including a circuit maker and breaker having a part
which is constrained, by frictional contact with the closure member,
to move in conjunction with the closure member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.71. Means in which the closure member, in its circuit-controlling
movement, meets a circuit-maker-and-breaker actuator in abutting
or face-to-face relationship, causing the latter to make or break
a circuit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.74. Means in which either the slidable closure member or its
guideway or track is modified to receive or support a part of the
circuit making and breaking device.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.76. Apparatus wherein the resilient switch has a pull chain
type operator and has means responsive to opening or closing movement
of a closure, to pull the said chain.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.76. Devices in which at least one of the contacting members
of the circuit making and breaking means or the immediate support
of such member, which is movable therewith, is itself resilient.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.76. Circuit-controllers which may be adjusted in such a manner
that opening or closing movement of the associated closure produces
no circuit-making or breaking effect.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.76. Apparatus which, after responding in circuit-opening or
-closing manner to an opening or closing of a closure, requires
an adjustment by some means other than the reverse motion of such
closure before it can respond again in the same manner to the same
stimulus.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.76. Devices which are mounted upon a closure frame or a wall
of an enclosure to which such closure gives access, as well as being
operatively connected to such closure itself.

(1)Note. The enclosure referred to in the definition may be,
for instance, a room, cabinet, box, etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.62. Apparatus which responds, in circuit-controlling manner,
to the movement of a member mounted on or adjacent to a window and
which member serves as an adjunct to such window.

Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 80+ for systems for supplying electric energy to lamp
and/or electric space discharge devices of the gas or vapor ionization
type, the system including a switch which is operated by the movement
of a vehicle controlling (steering wheel, hand or foot) lever.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.85. Apparatus in which the operating handle functions to vary
the relation of gears in a train, one to another, to effect a change
in speed ratio or in relative directions of rotation, between the input
and output of such gearing.

Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 80+ for systems for supplying electric energy to lamp
and/or electric space discharge devices of the gas or vapor ionization
type, the system including a switch which is operated by the movement
of a vehicle controlling (steering wheel, hand or foot) lever.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.89. Devices whose circuit making or breaking effect is nullified
by (1) disabling the vehicle pedal as a circuit controller actuator,
or (2) use of a series related circuit disabling switch, brought
about by the attainment of a predetermined condition of the vehicle"s
engine.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61.58. Apparatus in whose operation the volitional use comprises
the rearrangement of gears in a speed-change gearing train and in
which the circuit controlling elements are not directly affected
by a gear shift lever.

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Circuit-controllers which are actuated by the attempted
entry into or egress from a room, compartment, building, or other
enclosure, through the use of unauthorized methods or means.

This group relates to circuit makers and breakers which
are constructed to operate with a quick motion. They are limited
to those switches in which the quick motion of the contacts is not
dependent on the rate of movement of the operator. This is usually
accomplished by a spring connection between the operator and the
switch-contact, so that the initial movement of the operator puts
the spring under tension and when the contact is released it is snapped
by action of the spring.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices in which the operating means is responsive to pressure
of a liquid, gas, or vapor. The pressure may be caused by a confined
fluid or by the flow of a fluid.

Registers,
subclass 452for record-sensing devices wherein a switch may be
opened or closed or circuits made in accordance with areas on the
record that contain coded indicia, the area where said indicia is
sensed conveying particular information.

This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Combinations, of two or more distinct circuit makers and
breakers, each having its own operating means, at least one of said
operating means being responsive to pressure of a fluid or to vacuum.

Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 625+ for gearing having provision for operation by either
manual or power means, and subclass 479.01 for manually operated
control lever and linkage systems having a plurality of controlling
elements.

This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Devices of the type in which the fluid pressure (or vacuum)
acts upon a body of conductive liquid causing the latter to move
so as to open or close a circuit including the conductive liquid.

(1)Note. The fluid pressure or vacuum may be applied either
directly to the conductive liquid, or indirectly through a piston or
diaphragm, so that the change in pressure causes liquid motion,
as distinguished from fluid pressure operated means that cause change
in position of a liquid contact switch, liquid motion being due
to such change in position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Devices, of the type in which the operating means includes
a flexible, arc-shaped tube, the curvature of which changes in response
to changes in the fluid-pressure therein.

This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Devices of the type in which the operating means is responsive
to the flow of a fluid (including air-currents, wind, etc.), as
distinguished from those which are responsive merely to the static
pressure of the fluid.

(1)Note. See alphabetical index to the classification of patents,
the title "Flow" for the distribution of flow
controlled devices in the several classes.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Circuit-controllers in which the operator by its nature,
mounting or association with a device is adapted to be moved by
foot applied force other than the force of gravity acting through
the foot.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the claimed device includes contact
selecting means which in itself is acting, or automatic, the
contact selecting structure operating by its own self-contained mechanism
when activated by some impersonal influence as for example a signalling
current or voltage transmitted from a distance, and which
is not manual and requiring personal intervention; i.e., not
requiring the presence of an operator. The art to be found
in this and the indented subclasses is analogous to the structure
to be found in Class 335, subclasses 111+ and
in Class 379, Telephonic Communications, subclasses
242+.

(1)Note. (a) The structure to be
found in Class 335 is restricted to devices which are magnetically
operated and of general utility and not restricted by the language in
the claims to any one art device specifically classifiable elsewhere. (b) The structure
to be found in Class 379 is restricted by language in the claims, other
than in the preamble, which is generally recognized as
restricting the device to telephony. (c) The
patents classified in this and the indented subclasses are formerly
in the telephone art but were found not to be restricted to the telephone
art by any language other than perhaps in the preamble to the claims, and
not recited as magnetically operated. A similar group
of patents, not restricted to any otherwise classifiable
art, but which are specifically claimed as magnetically
activated are to be found in Class 335 subclasses 110+.

(2)Note. The search to be complete must be extended
to the appropriate subclasses in Classes 379 and 335 as discussed, supra.

Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 1.1 through 16.1for remote control selective systems for controlling
the operation of plural devices at a distance, the said
control being exercised over a lesser number of communication lines
than the number of different results which can be obtained.

Telephonic Communications,
subclasses 242+ for automatic telephone systems limited to instrument
and their combinations for effecting the transmission of spoken
sounds by means of electricity and in which connection between subscribers
are automatically and mechanically made at a central station, without
the aid or presence of an operator.

This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Subject matter wherein the claimed structure includes means
whereby the movable contactor or wiper structure is caused to be
first in one direction, and then at least in one other direction,
the final selection being the result of the plurality of motions,
or whereby at least two or more contactor or wiper structures are
caused to have movement relative to one another. The movements
may include vertical, rotary, radial or other motions.

for means under subclass 1 which is peculiarly adapted
for the operation of multiple circuit controllers and subclass 18
for means for operating two or more controllers which have movement
relative to one another.

Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches,
Magnets, and Electromagnets,
subclasses 112+ for switches which are of similar type, but magnetically
activated, subclasses 122+ for devices wherein a plurality
of individual controlled circuits are completed selectively, cyclically,
alternately or intermittently by other than automatic means which
may involve compound motions, subclasses 140+ for plural contact
switches utilizing plural magnetic means which may or may not produce
multi-directional movement.

This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter wherein the plurality of directional motions
are caused to take place in different planes, as for example a first
rectilinear motion in a vertical plane combined with a rotary motion
in a horizontal plane.

This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Subject matter wherein the claimed structure includes apparatus
whereby one or more carriers for the contact selecting means is
caused to move or reciprocate in a single plane. The motion usually
takes place in a vertical plane.

Telephonic Communications,
subclasses 299+ for automatic telephone switches establishing circuit
connections by devices having motions in which a line terminal or
connector moves in a longitudinal, transverse, vertical or radial
direction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter wherein the claimed structure includes at
least one wiper or movable contactor which is adapted to be brought
into contact with fixed contacts selectively through the medium
of a carrier or rotor turning about a fixed axis.

This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Subject matter wherein the claimed structure comprises a
clutch mechanism connecting a driving means to the carrier or rotor
whereby the rotor may be disassociated from the driving means.

Railway Switches and Signals,
subclasses 132+ for railway signal type switching means, comprising
plural contact sets and means for selecting any one or any combination
of the contact sets with interlocking or clutch means.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the claimed apparatus comprises means
whereby the completion or interruption of at least one electrical
circuit is accomplished by means utilizing either the phenomenon
wherein some materials experience an elastic strain as the result
of an electric field, this strain being independent of the polarity
of the field or by means utilizing the laws of electrostatics, i.e.,
the phenomena wherein, due to the mutual repulsion of all electricity
for electricity of the same kind (of like polarity), a conductor
of one polarity with its surrounding electric field is caused to
attract or repulse another conductor with an electric field.

(1)Note. All crystals, in addition to their first order piezo-electric
effect, have a second order electrostrictive effect in which a distortion
occurs which is proportional to the electric displacement. Patents
in which piezo-electric devices are utilized for their electrostrictive effect,
for the purpose of causing the control of one or more electric circuits, are
to be found here.

Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 91for devices for magnetic or electrostatic field
control, subclass 104 for electromagnet and highly inductive connection
systems, subclass 109 for pulse producing systems utilizing the
discharge of a capacitor and subclasses 125+ for switching
systems responsive to electrical conditions and which may utilize
electrostrictive or electrostatic principles.

Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 74for motor type devices which may utilize the electrostrictive or
electrostatic principles, subclass 109 for devices for measuring
or testing electricity and consisting of piezo-electric or electrostatic
devices and subclass 144 for testing devices with an electromagnetic
field.

Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches,
Magnets, and Electromagnets,
subclass 18for automatic circuit breaking devices responsive
to reverse currents or voltages, subclass 35 for automatic circuit
breaking devices with trip means which may depend in part on electrostrictive
or electrostatic means, subclasses 78+ for switching devices
in which the movement of an armature depends upon the direction
of a current in the armature controlling circuit, subclass 215 for
relay devices utilizing the magnetostrictive principle for obtaining
mechanical force, subclass 223 for relays utilizing relatively movable conductors,
e.g., dynamometer type.

for other liquid-contact switches of the type in
which a fluid pressure (or vacuum) acts upon a body of conductive
liquid causing the latter to move so as to open or close a circuit
including the conductive liquid.

Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or
Device Manufacturing,
subclasses 1+ and 60+ and the classes specified in the
Notes to the definitions of those subclasses, for the apparatus
and processes for the manufacture of electric lamp and electric
space discharge devices, such apparatus and processes being analogous
to those in making mercury switches.

This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter wherein the liquid contact switch is claimed
in combination with another art device having an added purpose or
utility independent of the switch and which claimed combination
does not include sufficient structure details of the other art device
for classification elsewhere or the combination is not provided
for elsewhere.

This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter wherein more than one switch is contained
in a single housing. The housing may be the only means by which
the electrically conductive liquid is contained, wherein there are
solid dividers which separate the liquid, or each switch may further
be contained in an additional enclosure (e.g., a glass envelope) which
is mounted within the single housing.

This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Plural switches wherein the switches are electrically connected
by a solid metal conductor or by the liquid conductor of each switch
(e.g., by the flowing-together of the liquid conductor by means
of an aperture in a wall or septum).

This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter wherein a number of circuits are to be successively
completed in a predetermined sequence, responsive to the relative movement
of the contacts and the liquid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter wherein electrical connection of the liquid
contact switch is made or broken responsive to the level or height
of the liquid in the enclosing housing.

for switches wherein electrical connection is made
or broken by the buoyancy of a float which is responsive to the
rise and fall of a liquid (not to be confused with the liquid which is
part of the switch).

This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein the phenomenon of electro-capillarity
is utilized. Electro-capillarity action involves generation of
a force when current flows from one conductive liquid to another
in a capillarity tube, the force being a surface tension force at
the boundary between the liquids. The direction of movement of
the liquids is the same as the direction of the current.

This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter wherein the conductive liquid is converted
into a spray or jet stream. Usually the conversion takes place
by using a pump to transfer the liquid from a tank to a centrifugal force
device which is responsible for creating the spray or jet stream
which in turn establishes an electrical connection across at least
two contacts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Subject matter wherein a wave-shaped conductive liquid jet
is utilized for effecting the closing or interruption of an electric
circuit. The wave-shape of the liquid jet is generally produced
by the interaction of a current carrying liquid jet and a magnetic
field.

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter wherein a number of circuits are to be successively
completed in a predetermined sequence, responsive to the relative movement
of the contacts and the liquid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter wherein the switch is operated by a pressure
deformable or flexible element, such as a diaphragm, a bellows or
a bourdon tube. The movement of the deformable flexible means produces
relative movement between the liquid and the contacts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Subject matter wherein a number of circuits are to be successively
completed in a predetermined sequence, responsive to the relative movement
of the contacts and the liquid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter wherein the switch circuit is broken by utilizing
some mechanical means for separating the conductive liquid into
at least two bodies, or shifting the liquid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter including housing or support means which
is external to the switch, per se, (i.e., external to the envelope
or container which contains the electrically conductive liquid and
the contacts).

This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter wherein the external housing is hermetically
sealed. This sealing does not concern the switch envelope (usually
a sealed glass container) which is almost always sealed to prevent
loss of the liquid and air-evacuated to remove harmful oxidizing
gases.

This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter wherein the actuator means of the switch
is held under a resilient securing means usually for the purpose
of imparting on-off stop limits or a resistance to the movement of
the actuating means.

for switch devices of special application in which
a body of current conducting liquid flows under the influence of
gravity, or by reason of its inertia, into or out of circuit closing position.
(See also Note (1) under this subclass).

This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter wherein the container for the liquid is divided
into plural liquid containing chambers with fluid passage means
interconnecting the chambers. Actuation of the switch causes the
liquid of one or more of the chambers to flow into circuit closing
relationship with contact elements of the switch.

This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter wherein the switch envelope or container
is formed of one or more metal parts and at least one of these parts
is used as an electrical terminal for the switch, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter wherein a contact is of such a shape (e.g.,
ring, disk or cone shaped) that the electrical circuit is completed
when the switch is positioned within certain predetermined angular
limits and the electrical circuit is broken when the switch is not
positioned within the said predetermined angular limits.

This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter wherein a common contact may be moved into
more than one contact closing position to establish electrical connections
in one of a plurality of electrical circuits.

This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Subject matter wherein the common contact member is the
single pole type and is limited to closing the electrical connection
by movement into either of two contact closing positions.

This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter wherein the switch envelope or container
is formed of one or more metal parts and at least one of these parts
is used as an electrical terminal for the switch, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter wherein the liquid container contains a restrictive
element of insulative material which forms a recess or groove in
the container for receiving the conductive liquid in order to make
or break the switch circuit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter wherein the liquid container contains a restrictive
element of insulative material which forms a recess or groove in
the container for receiving the conductive liquid in order to make
or break the switch circuit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter wherein electrical connection is made or
broken by the buoyancy of a float located in the conductive liquid.
Whenever the liquid rises or falls, the float carried by the liquid
is moved into contact opening or closing position. The float itself
may constitute the contact, or it may carry a contact thereon.

This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter wherein the sealing of a contact or contacts
to the switch container is set forth in specific details. The mere
statement that the contact is sealed to the container is not sufficient
to cause classification in this subclass.

This subclass relates to an element of an electrical switch
of this class (200) wherein the element is characterized by some
significant structural detail or details. If a claim is drawn to
a sufficient number of elements which cooperate to form a complete
switch, the patent is normally classified higher in the schedule
and crossed in a "detail" subclass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 237. A contact or contacts, wherein significant details are claimed
which relate solely to some distinct characteristics concerning
the contact.

(1)Note. An electrical contact is defined as being one of at
least two elements that constitutes the electrical connection point
of a circuit maker and breaker, the elements being relatively movable
to open and close a circuit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter, wherein the manner of cooperation or engagement
between the contacts constitutes abutting. This type of engagement
is characterized in that the relative movement between the contacts,
whenever the contacts are approaching each other, terminates when the
surface of one of the contacts touches the surface of the other
contact. Generally, there is no further movement between the contacts after
the initial touch.

This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter, wherein the engagement of the contacts by
abutting is followed immediately by a rolling motion between the
contacts, generally due to the curvature of at least one of the contacts.
This rolling motion precludes any wiping or sliding movement between
the contacts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter, wherein the engagement of the contacts by
abutting is followed immediately by a sliding or wiping motion between
the contacts. This sliding or wiping motion precludes any rolling
motion between the contacts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter, wherein there are at least two contact elements
mounted on a common support and electrically connected, usually
by the conductive material forming the support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter, wherein each of the abutting contacts are
mounted on a separate piece of resilient support, such support having
the ability to bounce or spring back into shape, position, etc.,
after being pressed or stretched.

This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter, wherein at least one of the resilient contact
supports is held in position or guided by a slot or hole in a structural
element such as an insulating block.

This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter, wherein at least one of the abutting contacts
is mounted in a semi-universal manner such that the contact will
pivot or rotate to a position whereby the contact aligns itself
squarely with its cooperating contact to give an efficient electrical
connection.

This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter, wherein adjusting means (e.g., a screw)
is provided for positioning one of the contacts relative to its
cooperating contact. This positioning includes the setting of the
gap between the cooperating contacts and/or the horizontal
or sideways aligning between the contacts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter, wherein at least one of the abutting contacts
is biased or pressed by some means into good electrical connection
with the cooperating contact. Frequently, the biased contact is
biased inherently in the material of which it is made.

This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Subject matter, wherein the biasing means includes means
(e.g., a screw) for changing or adjusting the biasing pressure in
order to improve the electrical connection between the cooperating
contacts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter, wherein the manner of cooperation or engagement
between a fixed contact and a moving contact constitutes sliding
or wiping. This type of engagement is characterized in that the
relative movement between the contacts, whenever the contacts are
approaching each other, does "not" terminate when
the surface of one of the contacts touches the surface of the other
contact, but rather there is a further movement between the contacts
which constitutes a sliding or wiping motion after the initial touch.

This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Subject matter, wherein at least one of the relatively sliding
contacts (usually the fixed or nonmoving contact) is biased or pressed
by some means into good electrical connection with the cooperating
contact. Frequently, the biased contact is biased inherently in
the material of which it is made.

This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Subject matter, wherein the biasing means includes means
(e.g., a screw) for changing or adjusting the biasing pressure in
order to improve the electrical connection between the cooperating
contacts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter, wherein the relative moving contacts, usually
only one of these contacts, are mounted on a separate piece of resilient
support, such supports having the ability to bounce or spring back
into shape, position, etc., after being pressed or stretched.

This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter, wherein at least one of the relative moving
contacts, usually the fixed contact, is mounted such that the contact
will pivot, rotate, or spring (according to the nature and structure
of the material) into a position whereby the contact aligns itself
squarely with its cooperating contact to give an efficient electrical
connection.

This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter, wherein adjusting means (e.g., a screw)
is provided for positioning one of the contacts relative to its
cooperating contact. This positioning includes the setting of the
gap between the cooperating contacts and/or the horizontal
or sideways aligning between the contacts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter, wherein at least one of the relatively sliding
contacts is biased or pressed by some means into good electrical
connection with the cooperating contact. Frequently, the biased
contact is biased inherently in the material of which it is made.

This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Subject matter, wherein the biasing means including means
(e.g., a screw) for changing or adjusting the biasing pressure in
order to improve the electrical connection between the cooperating
contacts.

Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 544+ for a metallic contact claimed nominally, that
is, of some, but insufficient structural detail for limitation as
an element in a circuit maker or breaker.

This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter, wherein the material of each of the cooperating
contacts (i.e., a contact which abuts or slides against and relative
to another contact) is different.

This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter, wherein the contact material constitutes
one layer.

(1)Note. The support to which the layer is attached does not
constitute a layer.

(2)Note. For purposes of classification in this subclass, the
term "layer" is meant to include sheet material
or coating material, either material being adhesively bonded to
a support (e.g., weld, resin, cold flow, etc.) or to another layer as
indicated in subclasses 268 and 269.

This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter, wherein the contact material constitutes
two layers. Each layer material is different from the other layer.

(1)Note. The support to which the layers are attached does not
constitute a layer.

(2)Note. For purposes of classification in this subclass, the
term "layer", is meant to include sheet material
or coating material, either material being adhesively bonded to
a support (e.g., weld, resin, cold flow, etc.), or to another layer as
indicated in subclasses 268 and 269.

Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 615+ for a metallic composite defined in terms of the composition
of its components, especially subclasses 616+ for bimetallic temperature-sensitive
stock.

This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter, wherein the contact material constitutes
three or more layers. Each adjacent layer of material is different
from each other layer, however, every other layer of material could
possibly be similar to each other (e.g., layers 1 and 3, layers
2 and 4, or layers 3 and 5, etc.).

(1)Note. The support to which the layers are attached does not
constitute a layer.

(2)Note. For purposes of classification in this subclass, the
term "layer" is meant to include sheet material
or coating material, either material being adhesively bonded to
a support (e.g., weld, resin, cold flow, etc.), or to another layer as
indicated in subclasses 268 and 269.

Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 617for composite metallic stock having more than two components
and deflectable by a temperature change, and subclass 635 for composite
metallic stock having four or more distinct components with alternate
recurrence of each type component.

This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter, wherein the contact material constitutes
an element of the periodic table. There may be more than one element,
however they must be individual elements, not chemically combined.

This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Subject matter wherein the switch includes a push button
actuator to cause the cylindrical or spherical contact to engage
or disengage the stationary contact.

This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter, wherein the contact may be readily replaced
by a new contact (e.g., replaceable insert); or the contact making
surface may be renewed by manipulating the contact so that a different
area is presented for use (e.g., reversing).

This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter, wherein the contact is a generally U-shaped
structure, usually made of spring material, which grips another
contact or the contact portion of a blade.

This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter, which relates to the adjusting of the contact
position relative to its carrier or support. Such a combination
is sometimes called a contact finger. This subclass also provides
for contact pressure adjusting not limited to claimed cooperating
contacts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter, wherein the contact is biased or pressed
into connection with its cooperating contact by spring means (e.g.,
coil spring, rubber spring, etc.).

(1)Note. The spring means is in addition to the contact supporting
structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter, wherein a moving contact has detent means
which is adapted for stopping and releasing the contact relative
to its rigid support. An example of the detent means is a ball, carried
by the contact or by the contact mounting, which is spring-biased
into a slot in the rigid support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter, wherein the switch casing or base has significant
structure which is adapted for adjusting the switch casing or base
for proper fit and alignment in a box, commonly known as an electrical
outlet box or switch box. These boxes are normally located in walls of
houses and other buildings.

This subclass is indented under subclass 302.2. Subject matter wherein the excluding means includes a seal
between a rocker actuator and the housing, or a seal between a lever
actuator and the housing.

This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter, wherein the illuminating means is supplemented
with an additional type of indicating means. The indicating means
has to be more than mere numerals, letters or words. For example,
projections indicating the switch setting position would constitute
a proper type of additional indicating means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter, wherein a latch or detent device is utilized
for holding the contacts of a switch in a desired position. The
contacts are usually latched in circuit-closing position to prevent accidental
opening, however; the contacts may also be latched in a circuit-opening
position, or in both a circuit-closing and a circuit-opening position.
The latch is usually released by hand or some other physical means
when desired.

This subclass is indented under subclass 318.1. Subject matter wherein the push button must be physically
moved, either by turning or sliding, etc., in order to move the
push button from its latched position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Subject matter, wherein the latching means comprises a plate
or lever-type element which is movable into a position necessary
for locking or releasing the contacts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Subject matter, wherein the self-operating latching means
comprises a cam-type element (e.g., plate, lever, etc.), which is
movable into a position necessary for locking the contacts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter, wherein one contact is stopped in a predetermined
position by a detent or some other type stop element which is usually located
on or near the other cooperating contact.

This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Subject matter, wherein the additional or auxiliary actuator
is a handle or button which pivots about a point remote from the
point of the applied or operating force.

This subclass is indented under subclass 332.1. Subject matter wherein the auxiliary housing is a hand-held
housing generally in the shape of an elongated graspable handle
or in the shape of a handgrip.

This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Subject matter including a means connected to the push button
to allow pretravel motion prior to moving the contacts into engagement,
or to permit the push button to have overtravel motion after moving
the contacts into engagement.

This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Subject matter wherein the push button is connected in a
flexible manner to a supporting structure permitting pivotal motion
of the push button in only one plane pivoted about an axis along
the connection.

This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Subject matter wherein structure is included to prevent
tilting or sideways motion of the push button when other than a
direct straight-line force is applied.

(1)Note. The surface of the push button is normally in the form
of a bar similar to a space bar of a typewriter.

This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Subject matter wherein the particular connecting structure
between (a) the cap and a stem or plunger, or (b) between the stem
and a housing or casing, are structurally defined.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the switch device includes (a) means
to stress a spring device, (b) a latching device for holding the
stressed spring from operating after being stressed, and (c) an
actuating device to release the stored energy of the spring to open
or close a circuit.

(1)Note. Often the spring or stored energy device is charged
by an electric motor.

(2)Note. These switches differ from snap switches in that snap
switches have an actuator (e.g., a lever, rocker, push button, knob,
etc.) which charges a spring and then during its motion releases
the spring.

Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclass 2, for similar type devices for releasing or tripping
portions of machines to cause other portions to automatically operate
due to the expenditure of the potential energy possessed by such
parts.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising an actuator having mechanical
linkage connections between the actuator and a movable contact; the
linkage includes at least two links between the actuator and the
contact; the switch also having a biasing member, usually a coil
spring, to hold the links in various positions.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a switch having a moveable contact
and an actuator, and wherein the contact is quickly or abruptly moved
independently of the actuator during actuation.

(1)Note. Contact movement is usually accomplished by a spring
connection between the actuator and contact stressed during initial
movement of the actuator followed by a quick or abrupt movement
of the contact when the actuator is moved beyond a predetermined point
(i.e., trigger point).

Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 97.1+ for a mechanical movement of the oscillating to
oscillating kind and wherein movement of the driving member causes
an initially delayed but subsequently rapid movement of the driven
member, and subclasses 100.1+ for a mechanical movement
of the reciprocating to or from oscillating kind and wherein movement
of the driving member causes an initially delayed but subsequently
rapid movement of the driven member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter wherein the moveable contact is quickly or
abruptly moved independently of the actuator (i.e., snapped) towards
both an open and a closed position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter having a flexible spring element and wherein
the spring element has a dome like configuration, the shape of the
spring being such that when it is actuated the direction of the
spring reverses to cause snapping.

This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter wherein the moveable contact is moved by
a planar spring which is prestressed to have two stable positions
separated by maximum stress over center position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter including a spring with each of its ends
secured to a switch housing in a stressed arched state, wherein
the snap movement is caused by the buckling movement of the arched
spring past a line defined by the two secured ends.

(1)Note. Normally the spring is held in an arched state wherein
snap occurs when the direction of the arch is reversed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter wherein the spring ends are separated by
a fixed distance with the spring under stress, and the ends of the
spring generally attached to a housing.

(1)Note. Normally the spring has its ends fixed to a housing
and the actuator exerts pressure at a point between the ends.

This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Subject matter including a spring connection between the
actuator and contact, and an element that (a) blocks the contact
movement until the actuator has moved to stress the spring and (b)
moves the blocking element from its blocking position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Subject matter wherein the actuator includes an elongated
flexible member attached to the switch to actuate the switch when
a pull force is exerted thereon.

This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Subject matter including a spring connection between the
actuator and contact, and a spring biased restraining element which
releases the contact when the force of the connecting spring reaches
a predetermined release level to cause snap motion of the contact.

This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Subject matter wherein the contact is moved by a cam, wedge
or inclined surface and is quickly or abruptly released after the
contact passes over the highest point of the cam, wedge or inclined
surface.

(1)Note. This is also referred to in the art as the "hill-and-valley" type.

This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Subject matter comprising a spring biased rotary contact
which is part of a ratchet and pawl system for limiting the rotation
of the contact to a one-way rotary motion.

This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter including, a spring connection between the
actuator and moveable contact, and an element which blocks the movement
of the contact until the actuator has moved to stress the spring
and moves the blocking element from its blocking position.

(1)Note. Included herein are devices wherein the blocking element
is part of the actuator.

(2)Note. Normally one end of the spring is directly driven by
the actuator and the other end of the spring directly drives the contacts.
However, the switch may also include intermediate linkages between both
the actuator and a spring driving element and the contacts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Subject matter including a cam and a spring biased cam follower
element wherein movement of the cam follower relative to the cam over
a high point causes a component of the bias force of the cam follower
to reverse direction and wherein the actuator moves the latch to
release the contact after the cam follower is past the reversal
point.

This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter including a connecting spring between the
actuator and the moveable contact, and a spring biased restraining
element which releases the contact when the force of the connecting
spring reaches a predetermined release level to cause snap motion
of the contact.

This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter including a cam and spring biased cam follower
element wherein movement of the cam follower relative to the cam over
a high point causes a component of the bias force of the cam follower
to reverse direction causing a quick or abrupt motion of the contact.

This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter wherein the contact is moved with a sliding
motion over a pivot point by the actuator which causes the contact
to cross over the pivot point with an abrupt snap motion.

(1)Note. Normally the contact is spring biased towards the pivot
point by a plunger type element carried by the actuator, however
spring biased pivot points and rigid coupling of the contact to
the actuator are included.

This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter wherein the actuator carries either the cam
or cam follower element, with the moveable contact carried by the
other element, and with the contact reciprocating in the opposite
direction from the actuator.

(1)Note. Normally the actuator takes the form of a push button
but other actuators are herein classified.

This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter including a lost motion connection between
the actuator and the cam or cam follower to permit with the cam
or cam follower to rapidly complete its movement independently of
the actuator once the high point of the cam is past.

(1)Note. Normally the cam follower is in the form of a spring
with the cam in the form of a square.

This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter wherein a spring biased element acts against
an inclined pivoted element and is suddenly released, after passing
the highest point on the element, to move the contact.

(1)Note. Normally the moveable contact is carried by or is the
pivoted element although linkages may be used.

This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter wherein a cam follower acts against a spring
biased, pivoted element which abruptly pivots when the cam follower
crosses the pivot point.

(1)Note. Normally the spring bias for the pivoted element is
in the form of a leaf spring carried by the pivoted element with
the follower directly engaging the spring or in the form of a spring
biased pivot.

This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter wherein the actuator includes a wedge shaped
cam which forms part of the actuator and the wedge is carried by
the actuator as it moves in a straight line motion to move the contacts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter including a distinct lever which is moved
by the actuator to initiate movement of the contact, wherein movement
of the lever is at the end of the travel of the actuator.

This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter including a lost motion coupling between
the moveable contact and an element which strikes a hammerlike blow
to the contact to break contact welds or overcome friction.

(1)Note. These devices are intended to break contact welds or
overcome friction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter including, an intermediate snapped element
and nonrigid connections between the actuator, intermediate snapped
element, and the contact to allow independent motion of the actuator,
snapped element, and contact.

This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter wherein there are at least two moveable contacts
carried symmetrically by a support.

(1)Note. The snapped element is normally the contacts and is
normally in the shape of a disc or a rectangle with one or two springs
coupling the rectangle to the rod or with a dome type spring coupling
the disc to the rod.

This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Subject matter wherein the snap action of the contacts is
caused by the movement of a contact pivot point; movement of the
contact pivot point is caused by movement of the common support.

(1)Note. The pivot point of the contacts is usually on the common
support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter including a prestressed bladelike spring
element and wherein one end of the blade normally carries a contact,
and wherein the other end is attached to a housing and is adapted
for pivotal movement during actuation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter including a bladelike element with one end
of the blade carrying the moveable contact and with the other end
of the blade normally being moved to cause actuation.

(1)Note. There is no definitive fixed pivot point for the blade.
The blade is mounted normally by two compression springs or by
a compression spring and a rigid link normally mounted between the ends
of the blade.

This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter wherein the spring has an initial position
prior to actuation, and assumes another position after actuation,
and wherein after an abrupt motion both ends of the spring are located
in a new position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter wherein one end of the spring engages a fixed
abutment on a support and the other end of the spring engages a
moveable member which is caused to move with a snapping action when
the spring passes a fixed point.

This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Subject matter wherein the spring has an initial position
prior to actuation, and assumes another position after actuation,
and wherein after an abrupt motion both ends of the spring are located
in a new position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Subject matter wherein one end of the spring engages a fixed
abutment on a support and the other end of the spring engages a
moveable member which is caused to move with a snapping action when
the spring passes a fixed point.

This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter wherein the contact is caused to abruptly
or quickly move during part of the actuator travel in only one direction,
with the contact being fully controlled by the actuator in the other
direction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 468. Subject matter including a cam, cam follower, and a lost
motion connection between the cam and actuator, wherein the quick
abrupt motion of the contact is caused when the high point of the
cam is moved past the cam follower with the cam then quickly moving
independent of the actuator.

This subclass is indented under subclass 468. Subject matter including a spring connection between the
actuator and contact, and an element which blocks the movement of
the contact until the actuator has moved to stress the spring and
moves the blocking element from its blocking position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 468. Subject matter including a spring connection between the
actuator and contact, and a spring biased restraining element which
releases the contact when the force of the connecting spring reaches
a predetermined release level to cause snap motion of the contact.

This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Subject matter wherein the stationary contact acts as a
spring biased detent, restraining the moving contact until a spring
connected to the moving contact, overcomes the detent spring force
allowing the moving contact to quickly separate.

(1)Note. Included in this subclass are double throw switches
which snap away from both contacts. These are considered single
snap devices because the contacts do not snap closed.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising relatively rotatable bodies or
combinations of such bodies each provided with circumferential teeth intermeshing
with each other to impart a drive motion to move a contact member
to open or close a circuit.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein an electrical circuit si completed
by the physical engagement and disengagement of two solid conductive elements
(i.e., contacts) to form a complete switch.

(1)Note. Included in this subclass are devices which may have
plural sets of contacts, however, the plurality herein is an obvious
duplication of a single contact.

This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter comprising a flexible roller band or spring
band device wherein at least a pair of rotatable roller contact
members are disposed within a switch housing and the flexible resilient
band is convoluted around the roller contact members in S-shaped
configuration so as to maintain the roller axes parallel as they move
within the housing when actuated.

This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter including a switch device comprising a housing
which normally consists of a bulb or sleeve element on which a pressure
is exerted especially on opposite sides to actuate the conductive
elements.

(1)Note. These devices lack a clearly identifiable actuator
projecting from a housing such as a lever or push button element
to operate the switch device.

This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter including a nonconductive element which is
inserted between the solid conductive elements to hold the conductive elements
physically separated during the presence of the nonconductive element.

This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter wherein the contacts travel in one path upon
actuation and includes mechanism to divert the contacts into another
path upon their return.

(1)Note. The initial actuating stroke causes a closing and then
opening (or vice-versa) of the contacts. The return stroke of the
actuator returns the movable contact to its original position, but
the mechanism does not permit reactuation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter wherein a circuit is completed by an elastomeric
material containing discrete particles of electrically conductive
materials embedded therein and wherein, in the compressed state,
the particles come into contact with each other to complete the
circuit, and as the compression is released, the particles again separate
to open the circuit.

Electrical Resistors,
subclass 114, for variable resistors using elastomeric conductors.
These switches differ from the resistors in the amount of change
of resistance with pressure. The switch normally changes from open
or infinite resistance to closed or low resistance with only a small change
in pressure. The resistor has a gradual change in resistance such
that intermediate resistance can be obtained.

This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter wherein the switch includes at least one
contact member which is carried on or actuated by a flexible sheet,
which cooperates with another contact on a substrate to open or
close a circuit.

(1)Note. The membrane switch normally comprises a substrate
and a flexible sheet sealed together with a separate spacer which
is normally used to separate the substrate, and the flexible sheet normally
carries the moving contact.

Typewriting Machines,
subclass 479.1, for push button controllers using variable capacitance.
The capacitor normally has a substrate with a conductive plate
and a flexible membrane with a moveable conductive plate like a
membrane switch but has in addition an insulative layer to prevent
the plates from contact.

This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter wherein the flexible sheet comprises a particularly
defined convex configuration, designed to buckle under pressure,
and having the moving contact within or under the convex area.

This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter comprising a substrate and a flexible member,
and wherein there is disposed a spacer separating the substrate
and flexible member, the spacer or flexible member being of specified
nonconductive materials.

This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter including means to vent a compartment formed
between the flexible member and the substrate, to either the atmosphere
or to another compartment so as to equalize the pressure of air
or other fluid displaced by the flexible sheet member when actuated.

This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter including an arched disc or dome type spring
disposed between the flexible sheet member and the substrate, wherein
the spring may be utilized as the moveable contact.

This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter including two or more actuating devices utilized
to engage and disengage the solid conductive elements of a single
switch device, each of the actuating devices can operate the switch
individually.

This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter wherein the contacts are moved into engagement
or disengagement by manually grasping, guiding, pushing or lifting
a rigid device which can be manipulated into three or more positions
into and out of a switch housing.

This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter wherein the contacts are moved into engagement
or disengagement by a push button actuator having a single surface
on which pressure is exerted to engage and disengage the contacts.

(1)Note. Included herein are also actuators which reciprocate
with one pushing surface, and also pivoted or hinged type actuators
which have a single pushing surface. All of these type actuators
are inherently two positions switches.

This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Subject matter wherein structure is provided to simulate
a varied resistance to depression of the push button to indicate
by feel the position of the contacts.

(1)Note. These devices generally try to simulate the effects
of a snap switch which reaches maximum resistance to travel prior
to switch-over followed by an abrupt decline in resistance after
the contacts are closed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Subject matter wherein the position of the solid conductive
element is alternated between opened and closed with each actuation
of the push button and wherein the solid conductive element remains
in the last position until the push button is further actuated.

This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Subject matter including a cam track having a generally
cardioid shape which is utilized to hold the position of the solid
conductive element in engagement or disengagement.

This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Subject matter wherein a w-shaped element is utilized to
change the position of the solid conductive elements by rocking
the w-shaped element from one side to the other with the push button
and further includes means to engage alternate grooves of the w-shaped
element during actuation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Subject matter including a rotating member and a mechanism
to convert a generally reciprocating motion of the push button into
unlimited rotary motion of the rotating member, wherein each actuation
of the push button indexes the rotary member a predetermined amount.

(1)Note. These devices may be similar to ball point pen retraction
mechanisms having ratchet type movements.

This subclass is indented under subclass 526. Subject matter wherein the rotating member carries, or is
the solid conductive member which moves in an arc of a circle, engages
and disengages a solid stationary conductive element.

This subclass is indented under subclass 526. Subject matter wherein the rotating member is a cam which
engages a moveable conductive element to engage and disengage with
a stationary conductive member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Subject matter wherein actuation of the push button causes
relative movement between a cam and cam follower to cause motion
of the solid conductive element.

This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Subject matter wherein engagement between the solid conductive
element is characterized in that the relative movement between one
of the solid conductive elements terminates when the surface of
one touches the surface of the other.

(1)Note. Generally there is no further movement between the
conductive elements after the initial touch.

This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter wherein the solid conductive elements are
moved into engagement by a rigid rod actuating member and disengaged
when the rigid rod actuating member is moved in the opposite direction.

(1)Note. These switch devices are generally the reverse of a
push button switch, being pulled into engagement rather than pushed
into engagement. Also included in this subclass are push rods that
require a push at one end to actuate and a push at the other end
to deactuate.

This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter wherein movement of the rigid rod actuating
member causes relative movement between a cam and cam follower to
cause motion of a solid conductive element.

This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter wherein the solid conductive members are
moved into engagement and disengagement by pulling an elongated
flexible member on which a pulling force can be exerted.

418, 420, and 423, for snap switches using rotating
contacts wherein a pull cord is used to actuate the switch, and also
51.15 for switches combined with or actuated by connector coupling
and operated by a pull chain or cord.

This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter wherein one of the solid conductive elements
moves in an arc of a circle, relative to a stationary contact, in
a continuous unlimited rotary motion.

This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter wherein a pull force of the elongated flexible
member causes relative movement between a cam and cam follower to
cause motion of the solid conductive elements.

This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter including a switch housing and a sliding
actuator wherein the actuator protrudes from the housing at right
angles relative to the housing, and relative to its sliding direction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter including an actuator having at least two
pushing surfaces wherein the actuator oscillates in a limited arc
about an axis parallel to the outer surface of a switch housing
from which the actuator projects.

(1)Note. The switches in this subclass are generally characterized
by having an actuator with two pushing surfaces that cause an element,
normally the actuator itself, to oscillate. Often the push buttons
are an integral part of the oscillating member. The two button
switches in this subclass normally have both buttons projecting
from the same side of the housing. Switches with the rocking actuator mounted
to the side of the housing, rather than within the housing, are included
in this subclass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Subject matter comprising a movable blade type conducting
element and a generally U-shaped fixed receiving member so
that the movable blade member can engage the U-shaped
member for closing or opening a circuit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Subject matter including a housing and an actuator which
further includes a mechanism which incorporates a holding device
to retain the actuator in a desired position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Subject matter including specific spring type means to urge
the actuator to return to a normal nonactuated center position after
momentary motion of the actuator to either side.

This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Subject matter wherein movement of the actuator causes relative
movement between a cam and cam follower to cause motion of the movable
solid conductive elements.

This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter including a housing and an actuator having
a graspable extension for manipulating the actuator about an axis
in a limited or unlimited circular motion relative to the housing.

(1)Note. The graspable extension may also function as a dial
to indicate position of the actuator.

This subclass is indented under subclass 564. Subject matter wherein the actuator is in an initial hold
or lock state and wherein the actuator must be physically moved,
such as by push or pull force in order to release the actuator from its
hold or lock state prior to actuation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 564. Subject matter including a cam and cam follower, wherein
movement of the actuator causes relative movement between the cam
and cam follower to actuate the solid conductive element.

This subclass is indented under subclass 568. Subject matter wherein the solid conductive element is a
leaf spring-type contact and wherein the leaf spring contact is
actuated by a cam carried by the actuator.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a cam which imparts motion directly
to the contact to open or close an electrical circuit, or imparts
motion to a unitary switch, (i.e., microswitch) to actuate the switch.

(1)Note. A unitary switch is basically comprised of its own
housing, actuator and terminal. It is generally within another device.

This subclass is indented under subclass 573. Subject matter wherein the cam includes, on its outer circumferential
surface, eccentric or disc-type structure which engages the contacts
of the unitary switch to impart periodic motion to the contacts.

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