Translation of abstract (English)

The topic of this Thesis is the role of the environment and interactions on the formation and evolution of dwarf galaxies in nearby groups. The M81 group is a highly interacting group, offering a unique opportunity to study the impact of the environment on shaping the properties of its dwarf galaxy population. We use the Tully-Fisher relation to search for potential tidal dwarf galaxies in the M81 group. No potential tidal dwarfs were identified. Furthermore, we derive photometric metallicity distribution functions and examine the presence of metallicity gradients for nine early-type dwarf galaxies of the M81 group. The comparison of their mean metallicity properties with those of Local Group dwarfs shows that these are similar. Not all of the dwarfs show a metallicity gradient, as is also the case of Local Group dwarfs. The fraction of luminous asymptotic giant branch stars in each dwarf is small, while their fraction as a function of their distance from the M81 galaxy does not show any trend. The results indicate that the studied properties are affected by internal processes. Finally, the method of deriving photometric metallicities is evaluated for dwarf galaxies with complex star formation histories, using Galactic dwarf spheroidals. The resulting mean photometric metallicity properties are in good agreement with spectroscopic measurements, while individual star differences become larger the more complex the star formation is.