Jan 26, 2002 - Yoga, a school emphasizing meditation, contemplation and ..... 7. Conventional General Studies-39. Indian Culture- Comepndium of ...... High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of ...... The seven basic notes of

Reverse Engineering the human ear. 1. âThe more I study ... The energy per unit area that can be used is ... Perilymph , Endolymph. Water or glucose ... The spiral house houses an array of piezoelectric crystals (quartz) for gradual energy ...

Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction or K-T extinction, or K-Pg extinctionǣ ͸ͷǤͷǤ   Ǧ        Ǥ Mammals and birds emerged as dominant land vertebrates in the age of new life.

Ecosystem services Ecosystem services are processes by which the environment produces benefits useful to people, akin to economic services. They include: Þ Provision of clean water and air Þ Pollination of crops Þ Mitigation of environmental hazards Þ Pest and disease control Þ Carbon sequestration Accounting for the way in which ecosystems provide economic goods is an increasingly popular area of development. The concept of ecosystem services is similar to that of natural capital. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment released in 2005 showed that 60% of ecosystem services are being degraded or used unsustainably

What are Invasive species? Invasive species are those that are introduced—intentionally or unintentionally—to an ecosystem in which they do not naturally appear and which threaten habitats, ecosystems, or native species. These species become invasive due to their high reproduction rates and by competing with and displacing native species, that naturally appear in that ecosystem. Unintentional introduction can be the result of accidents (e.g. when species escape from a zoo), transport (e.g. in the ballast water of a ship); intentional introduction can be the result of e.g. importing animals or plants or the genetic modification of organisms.

Conventional General Studies-41 www.gktoday.in Concepts, Facts and Protection Framework of Biodiversity of India--1 Target 2013 7 Þ  close and traditional dependence of indigenous and local communities on biological resources and the need to ensure that these communities share in the benefits arising from the use of their traditional knowledge and practices relating to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. National action under the CBD

India after extensive consultative process had enacted Biological Diversity Act in 2002 for giving effect to the provisions of the CBD. The same is true for many other developing countries also. However, in the near absence of user country measures, once the resource leaves the country providing the resources, there is no way to ensure compliance of ABS provisions in the country where it is used. Towards this, a protocol on access and benefit sharing was negotiated at Nagoya, Japan in October 2010. This is called Nagoya Protocol.

"cultivar" means a variety of plant that has originated and persisted under cultivation or was specifically bred for the purpose of cultivation;

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"folk variety" means a cultivated variety of plant that was developed, grown and exchanged informally among farmers;

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“landrace” means primitive cultivar that was grown by ancient farmers and their successors.

        relating to the use of biological resources and knowledge jurisdiction of the Biodiversity Management Committee.  Biodiversity Management Committees may levy charges by way of collection fees from any person for accessing or collecting any biological resource for commercial purposes 

natural habitats; 9 "in situ conservation" means the conservation of         ecosystems and natural habitats and the  Ǣ    Ǧ maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings and, in the  case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed their    distinctive properties.

UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme was launched in 1971 with the aim of promoting interdisciplinary research, training, and communications in the field of ecosystem conservation and the rational use of natural resources. The MAB Programme is suited to respond to the results of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) and especially the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity.

A site that must contain an effectively protected and minimally disturbed core area of value of nature conservation and should include additional land and water suitable for research and demonstration of sustainable methods of research and management.                    all trophic levels in the ecosystemǤ Secondary Criteria

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Areas having rare and endangered species

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Areas having diversity of soil and micro-climatic conditions and indigenous varieties of biota.

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Areas potential for preservation of traditional tribal or rural modes of living for harmonious use of environment.

The below compendium is based upon the Schedule 1 of the Wild Life Protection Act 1972. It continues in the next Module. Kindly don’t mug any information as the notable points have been italicized or made bold. If any of them gives you interest, you can surf more about them. Its worth note that every year, there is at least one question in your exam is based upon these members of our wildlife. In some years, I have seen as many as three questions.

Conventional General Studies-41 www.gktoday.in Concepts, Facts and Protection Framework of Biodiversity of India--1 Target 2013 26 Þ Despite its name, the crab-eating macaque does not only eat crabs and in fact at least 50% of the crab-eating macaque's diet is made up from fruits, nuts and seeds. Þ

There is another variety of River dolphins found in South Asia called Indus River Dolphin (Platanista minor minor). It is found in Indus river in Pakistan and its Beas and Sutlej tributaries. Both Ganges River Dolphin and Indus river Dolphin are now taxonomically considered one species since 1998

Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal (7 states ) and ideal habitats are in the Ganga, Chambal, Ghaghra, Gandak, Sone, Kosi, the Brahmaputra and Kulsi rivers. Þ

This document includes observations from State of Environment Report 2009, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005, State of Forests Report 2011 and Documents of Ministry of Environment and other resources such as wikipedia and world fact book.