Current Land Use: Various, including residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, recreational, landfills, wetlands, and open space.

Size: 19,730 acres or 32 square miles

Current Ownership: Various, including state, county, city, and private owners.

Site Description: The Hackensack Meadowlands, located in Bergen & Hudson Counties, New Jersey is an integral part of the New York – New Jersey Harbor Estuary. The approximately 8,400 acres of wetlands and waterways that remain are especially significant for concentrations offederal trust species and state-listed species of concern, including waterfowl, wading birds, shorebirds, raptors, anadromous fish, estuarine fish, and terrapins. Much of the wetlands area in the Meadowlands is degraded due to physical disturbances, such as filling and alterations to natural hydrologic connections. Leachate contamination from extensive landfills in the area is common. Numerous point sources, stormwater runoff from developed areas and highways, and other non-point sources have severely degraded water and sediment quality in areas of the habitat complex.

Existing Site-Specific Data Inventory

A. Survey, Maps, and GIS

Detailed surveys and aerial photographs completed between 1969 and 2002. Topographic maps completed in 1985, 1092, 2000 and 2002. Numerous GIS datasets for the HMD were completed in the past ten years. Various other historical maps and aerial photos available ranging from 1908 to 2003.

Various reports including the NJMC Master Plan containing site history and land use information for the HMD were compiled between 1958 and 2004. Several GIS datasets containing land use information for the HMD were completed in the past ten years.

D. Biological Studies – Fauna

Various avian, invertebrate, and fish studies were conducted between 1969 and 2003. Several GIS datasets containing fisheries and avian information were completed in the past ten years.

E. Biological Studies – General Environmental

Various general wetland, biological resources, and environmental assessments and studies were completed between 1969 and 2003. The Hydrogeomorphic functional assessment model for the HMD was completed in 2003.

F. Geotechnical

Various soils/geologic studies were conducted from 1958 to 1995.

G. Hydraulics and Hydrology

Flood control survey conducted in 2000; flood control study conducted from 1998 to 2004. Various other hydrology studies were conducted between 1966 to 1995. Several GIS datasets containing hydrologic information for the HMD were completed in the past five years.

H. Water and Sediments

Various water quality and sediment studies were completed between 1966 to 2003. A GIS dataset containing water quality information for the HMD completed in 2001.

I. Historical/Cultural Resources

Various cultural resource studies were completed between 1985 and 1995. The NJMC Master Plan containing cultural resource information for the HMD was completed in 2004.A GIS dataset containing cultural resources information for the HMD was completed in 2001.

J. Restoration/Remediation Design Plans

Mitigation plans for various areas of the HMD were completed in 1985 and 1986. GIS datasets of preservation and current/potential mitigation sites in the HMD were completed in 2002.

Current Land Use: Various, including residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, recreational, landfills, wetlands, and open space.

Size: 19,730 acres or 32 square miles

Current Ownership: Various, including state, county, city, and private owners.

Site Description: The Hackensack Meadowlands, located in Bergen & Hudson Counties, New Jersey is an integral part of the New York – New Jersey Harbor Estuary. The approximately 8,400 acres of wetlands and waterways that remain are especially significant for concentrations of federal trust species and state-listed species of concern including waterfowl, wading birds, shorebirds, raptors, anadromous fish, estuarine fish, and terrapins. Much of the wetlands area in the Meadowlands is degraded due to physical disturbances, such as filling and alterations to natural hydrologic connections. Leachate contamination from extensive landfills in the area is common. Numerous point sources, stormwater runoff from developed areas and highways, and other non-point sources have severely degraded water and sediment quality in areas of the habitat complex.

7. Artigas, F. J. Updating GIS Land Use Attributes from Surface Texture Information Using SIR-C Images. U.S. EPA Environmental Problem Solving with Geographical Information Systems: A National Conference. September 1999. [1a]Used remotely-sensed radar reflectance to locate and map debris fields in the Meadowlands.

8. *Elefante, Dom (ed.), NJMC. 1994 Land Use Designations of the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 1999.[2a]A dataset containing land use information for the portions of the 14 municipalities that are within the NJMC’s jurisdiction as of 1994.

10. Elefante, Dom (ed.), NJMC. Building Footprints of the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing all building footprints for the entire HMD.

11. *Elefante, Dom (ed.), NJMC. Channels of the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing information depicting all minor bodies of water including small streams and drainage ditches. The data was digitized at a scale of 1:2400 from 2002 Topographic maps of the HMD.

13. *Elefante, Dom (ed.). NJMC. Waterways of the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing information depicting all major bodies of water within the HMD, including the Hackensack River and its larger tributaries. The data was digitized at a scale of 1:2400 from 2002 Topographic Maps of the District. This coverage also includes the addition of Sach’s Creek, which had previously been omitted.

14. *Elefante, Dom & Adrian Molato (ed.), NJMC. 2002 Parcel Line Information of the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing parcel line information for the portions of the 14 municipalities that are within the NJMC’s jurisdiction.

16. *ERDC, HMDC, & USACE – NYD. Flood Control Survey. 2000. [2a]Survey performed for the HMD that consisted of: 1) cross-sections along the Hackensack River and its major tributaries, including Berry’s Creek, Penhorn Creek, Sack Creek, and the Cayuga Dyke; 2) identifying 30 flood control structures along the Hackensack River; and 3) locating all bridges and piers within the study area. In addition, digital aerials were flown and geo-referenced. The vertical datum for the survey was NGVD29. At 13 of the 30 flood control structures, tide gages and single beam acoustic Doppler current meters were installed and monitored to measure velocity, head difference, and discharge at these locations.

17. GEOD and USACE. GEOD 1’ Resolution Ortho-Photograph (aerials). September 2001.[2a]Aerial Photographs of the HMD from September 2001 at 1-foot resolution.

22. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. 2001 Water Control Structure Locations for the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing wetland information derived from a field inspection by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the NJMC wetland scientists, covering the entire HMD.

23. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. 2002 Current and Potential Mitigation Projects in the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing current and potential mitigations sites for the portions of the 14 municipalities that are within the NJMC’s jurisdiction.

24. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. 2002 Open Space Designations in the Hackensack Meadowlands District. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing information on the wetlands, parks, management, and water areas for the HMD as of 2002.

25. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. 2002 Zoning Designations of the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing the zoning designations for the portions of the 14 municipalities that are within the NJMC’s jurisdiction.

26. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Designations for the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing the Federal Emergency Management Agency flood information for the portions of the 14 municipalities that are within the NJMC’s jurisdiction. The Q3 Flood Data are derived from the Flood Insurance Rate Maps published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

28. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. Fishery Study Locations and Gear Types Used Within the Hackensack Meadowlands District. 2001. [2a]A dataset containing the sampling locations and gear types used for a fisheries study within the HMD (excluding the trawls, which are maintained in a separate coverage). The point data was created using the NJDEP quarter quads as a base layer to obtain the approximate locations of the study areas.

29. Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. Hackensack Meadowlands District Boundary, New Jersey. 2001. [2a]A dataset showing the boundary of the HMD, which contains portions of 14 municipalities within the Meadowlands region.

30. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association Tide Gauges within the Hackensack Meadowlands Region. 1999. [2a]A dataset containing the locations of tide gages within the Hackensack Meadowlands that are managed and maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association.

31. Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. Public Facilities Found Within the Municipalities that Comprise the Hackensack Meadowlands District. 2002. [2a]A dataset created using the 1986 Land Use/Land Cover coverage from NJDEP.

32. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. Tide Gauge Stations within the Hackensack Meadowlands District. 2001. [2a]A dataset containing the tide gauge stations found within the HMD. The point data was created using coordinates provided by NJMC staff.

33. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. Trawl Locations for Fisheries Study within the Hackensack Meadowlands District. 2001. [2a]A dataset containing the trawling sampling locations for a fisheries study within the HMD. The line data was created using the NJDEP quarter quads as a base layer to obtain the approximate location of the study areas.

34. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. Water Quality Monitoring Stations within the Hackensack Meadowlands Region. 2001. [2a]A dataset containing the locations of the water quality monitoring stations found within the HMD. The point data was created using coordinates provided by NJMC staff.

36. *Gordon, Gabrielle, Dom Elefante, Adrian Molato, Timucin Bakirtas, Kamal Saleh, Linda Wills, & Debra Dworkis (ed.), NJMC. 2002 Land Use Designations of the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing land use information for the portions of the 14 municipalities that are within the NJMC’s jurisdiction as of 2002.

40. *Gordon, Gabrielle & Monica Mianecki (ed.), NJMC. Floodprone Areas in the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing the water control structure locations found within the HMD. The point data was created using coordinates provided by NJMC staff.

41. *Hartman, J., Tamara Shapiro, & Mark Wong. Evidence of Landcover and Landuse Change in the New Jersey Meadowlands. Rutgers University. 2003.[5] Compiled information from a variety of sources to develop maps illustrating landcover since European settlement. Historically there were freshwater wetlands that included significant patches of white cedar swamp, as well as non-tidal and tidal marshes. Deforestation and erosion from extensive agricultural ditching, logging, and road/railroad building lowered wetland elevations as rising sea levels increased brackish tidal water.

42. *Kurbansade, Marc (ed.), NJMC. Cultural Resources for the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2001. [2a]A dataset showing the NJDEP State Historic Preservation Office properties within the HMD. As this dataset was created by digitizing polygons by hand from a State Historic Preservation Office paper base map, areas should be considered approximate.

47. NJDEP. Maps Created by NJDEP to Show the Riparian Boundaries for the Hackensack Meadowlands District. [1a]The Riparian Maps for the HMD were done by the NJDEP Bureau of Tidelands Management.

48. NJDEP. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Known Contaminated Site Locations in the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset showing the known contaminated sites and properties within the State of New Jersey as of 2001 where contamination of soil or groundwater has been identified or where a discharge of contamination has occurred or is suspected. This list may include sites where remediation is currently under way, required, but not yet initiated or has been completed.

53. USEPA. AVID Maps. 1989 (revised 1992). [1a] A dataset containing wetland information determined from a field inspection by the NJMC and USEPA coverage for the entire HMD.

54. *USEPA-Region II & USACE-NYD. Draft Environmental Impact Statement on the Special Area Management Plan for the Hackensack Meadowlands District, NJ. June 1995. [2a]EIS developed based on the SAMP for the HMD. The document presents the purpose and need for the SAMP, an alternatives analysis, an analysis of the environmental impacts on the preferred alternative, and the implementation strategy. The EIS included an IVA for specific assessment areas to assess wetland functional values. This document contains maps and figures of the HMD.

55. USGS. Geologic Atlas of the United States: Passaic Folio No. 157, New Jersey – New York. 1908. [2a]Folio No. 157 in the Passaic series covers an area of about 905 square miles, of which the Meadowlands is a small part. The atlas also contains descriptive text of areal and surficial geology, geography, and physiography for the State of New Jersey.

56. *Wong, M. Land Use Change in the Meadowlands. Rutgers University. 2002. [1a] A series of color coded maps were produced depicting change in land cover from 1890 to 2000 in the Meadowlands. It was determined that the Meadowlands was not entirely a cedar forest when Europeans arrived; cedars covered only portion of the area. The Oradell Dam, constructed in the 1920s, was not responsible for conversion from cedar forest to marshlands; the conversion had already taken place by that time. Furthermore, rise of sea level rise and decline of ground level since the 1600’s has greatly affected the trajectory of vegetation change.

57. *ZURN Environmental Engineers. Analysis of Alternative Solid Wastes Management Systems for the Hackensack Meadowlands District. 1970. [1a]Included three major components: 1) evaluation of the extent/characteristics of past/existing solid waste disposal operations; 2) estimation of the magnitude of potential solid waste disposal operations; and 3) development of guidelines for regulation of solid waste disposal operations. Section III details characteristics of the Meadowlands, including geology, topography, groundwater, and surface water flows.

B. Real Estate/Ownership

58. *Elefante, Dom & Adrian Molato (ed.), NJMC. 2002 Parcel Line Information of the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing parcel line information for the portions of the 14 municipalities that are within the NJMC’s jurisdiction.

59. *Helmstetter, Donald. Analysis of Various Wetland Parcels Located in the Hackensack Meadowlands Development Common District: Parts One and Two. August 1997. An analysis of various parcels within the HMD in two parts. Part One included general information about the properties and the valuation procedure used; Part Two included a list of 39 properties with a parcel description, zoning, other attributes, and comparison of sales and concluded value. Part two also included wetland issues and wetland sales history for the 39 properties.

60. *Various Authors. Hackensack Meadowlands: Today and Tomorrow. Conference at Fairleigh Dickinson University. June 15, 1977. [2a]Compilation of the presentations at a conference focusing on two major challenges of the Hackensack Meadowlands in the 1960’s and 1970’s: 1) the issue of ownership of the Hackensack Meadowlands and 2) the coordination of development and preservation. The conference was planned as an analysis of the progress made on resolving these challenges and discussion of the future planning of the area.

62. Berger, John. Hackensack River Meadowlands. 1991. [1a] Provides a brief review of the geological history of the Meadowlands, and a brief review of the regulatory role of the HMDC. It reviews the background and goals of the Hartz Mountain western brackish marsh mitigation project and discusses the methods used to restore the site, and the results of the mitigation.

63. DiJulio, Carey. The Hackensack Meadowlands. May 2000. [1a]Reviews the history of human impact on the Meadowlands and current attempts at management and restoration. Focuses on the history of the Meadowlands, the creation of the HMDC, its management of the Meadowlands through the 1980’s, the ecological issues at the heart of wetland mitigation, and possibilities for the future.

64. *EA Science and Technology & PSE&G. Kearny Generating Station Supplemental 316(b) Report. NJDEP. 1988. [1a] Evaluates the effects of the cooling water intake of the Kearny Generating Station on the ecology of the Hackensack River and adjacent waters, based on entrainment and impingement data collected from June 1987 to April 1988, and on biological data collected from the vicinity of the Kearny station since August 1986. Studies of macrozooplankton, ichthyoplankton, and juvenile and adult fish were conducted in vicinity of the station and the full length of the estuary. Includes background information on the Hackensack Estuary.

65. *Elefante, Dom (ed.), NJMC. 1994 Land Use Designations of the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 1999.[2a]A dataset containing land use information for the portions of the 14 municipalities that are within the NJMC’s jurisdiction as of 1994.

66. Gates, Cassandra, J. Kocis, & D. Smith, HMDC. Meadows Path and Waterfront Parks: A Master Plan. 1982. [2a]A plan for coastal urban trail and waterfront parks in the Hackensack Meadowlands. The plan consisted of 11 miles of continuous trail connecting two major regional parks and serving as the Meadowlands’ main pedestrian artery. Served as the implementation plan for tying together pieces of a public use network already largely in place. Both project time table and cost estimates were included.

67. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. 2002 Open Space Designations in the Hackensack Meadowlands District. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing information on the wetlands, parks, management, and water areas for the HMD as of 2002.

68. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. 2002 Zoning Designations of the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing the zoning designations for the portions of the 14 municipalities that are within the NJMC’s jurisdiction.

69. *Gordon, Gabrielle, Dom Elefante, Adrian Molato, Timucin Bakirtas, Kamal Saleh, Linda Wills, & Debra Dworkis (ed.), NJMC. 2002 Land Use Designations of the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing land use information for the portions of the 14 municipalities that are within the NJMC’s jurisdiction as of 2002.

70. The Foundation of the NJ Alliance for Action. Intermodal Coordination Study: A Survey and Consultant Recommendations on Containerized Transportation in Northern New Jersey. August 1994. [4]The objectives of this study were to: 1) identify the infrastructure, systems, and institutional deficiencies adversely affecting intermodal freight operations in Northern New Jersey; 2) analyze and evaluate those deficiencies; and 3) prepare a recommended action program designed, to the extent possible, to remedy such deficiencies.

71. *Hartman, J., Tamara Shapiro, & Mark Wong. Evidence of Landcover and Landuse Change in the New Jersey Meadowlands. Rutgers University. 2003.[5] Compiled information from a variety of sources to develop maps illustrating landcover since European settlement. Historically there were freshwater wetlands that included significant patches of white cedar swamp, as well as non-tidal and tidal marshes. Deforestation and erosion from extensive agricultural ditching, logging, and road/railroad building lowered wetland elevations as rising sea levels increased brackish tidal water.

72. *Helmstetter, Donald. Analysis of Various Wetland Parcels Located in the Hackensack Meadowlands Development Common District: Parts One and Two. August, 1997. An analysis of various parcels within the HMDC District in two parts. Part One included general information about the properties and the valuation procedure used; Part Two included a list of 39 properties with a parcel description, zoning, other attributes, and comparison of sales and concluded value. Part two also included wetland issues and wetland sales history for the 39 properties.

73. *HMDC. Hackensack Meadowlands Coastal Zone Management: Enhancement of the Coastal Ecosystem. 1982. [1a]Compiled resources aid the HMDC in addressing a number of public policy issues for the HMD, which included: 1) waterfront parks; 2) revegetation of landfills; 3) river basin management plans; and 4) plans for specially planned areas.

74. HMDC. Role of the Hackensack Meadowlands Development Commission in Improving Transportation in the Hackensack Meadowlands District: An Action Program. 1980. [1a] Summarized several transportation planning studies from the past, and identified the HMD’s transportation priorities as: 1) Harrison-Kingsland Branch; 2) Route 17 South Extension; 3) Meadows East; and 4) Meadowlands Parkway Southeast Extension. Estimated costs to begin work on each of the four projects within the following year.

75. *Mattson, C. P. Ecological and Resource Management Plan for the Hackensack Meadowlands. 1978. [1a]A synopsis of what the then eight-year-old HMDC had learned about the Hackensack Estuary. Section 1 is an ecological primer, Section 2 provides information on the state of the estuary, and Section 3 presents natural resource management strategies for wetlands, water quality, open space, and land use planning.

76. Marshall, Stephen. The Meadowlands Before the Commission: Three Centuries of Human Use and Modifications of the Hackensack Meadowlands, 1670-1969. Abstracts of the Meadowlands Symposium. 2003. [1a]The creation of the HMDC in 1969 occurred after 300 years of recorded human use and modification of the Meadowlands. These three centuries can be divided into three over-lapping periods characterized by distinctive features: 1) extraction of natural resources; 2) degradation by inputs of sewerage and solid waste; and 3) development via conversion to upland.

77. New Jersey Commission to Study Meadowland Development. Final Report of New Jersey Commission to Study Meadowland Development State of New Jersey. 1965. [1a] Discusses finding a solution to the present dispute over Meadowlands titles, and finding a governmental vehicle with sufficient powers and breadth of interest to assure that a reclaimed Meadowlands would realize its full potential. Explored the legal issues surrounding these concerns, and evaluated all current efforts to reclaim and develop the Meadowlands.

79. *NJMC. NJMC Master Plan. 2004. [1a](http://www.hmdc.state.nj.us/masterplan/05-Environ.pdf.) The Master Plan creates an overall vision of a regreened Meadowlands and a revitalized urban landscape through the delineation of cohesive goals, principles, standards, and strategies. The plan inventoried environmental, economic, and social information for the HMD. The plan also contains cultural resources information for the HMD.

80. *New Jersey Turnpike Authority. Final Environmental Impact Statement: Interchange 11 to U.S. Route 46. September 1987. [2a]Describes the environmental implications associated with the proposed widening and improvements of the NJ Turnpike from Interchange 11 in Woodbridge to U.S. Route 46. Details some site history, the proposed action, project purpose and need, alternatives, and effects of the plan on biological resources, socioeconomics, cultural resources, air quality, noise, traffic, soils and geology, hydrology, and water quality.

81. *Passaic Valley Citizens Planning Association. Hackensack Meadows Master Plan Series. Report Number 1: Survey Phase. February 1958. [1a] A report on the area of the HMD under the jurisdiction of the Meadowlands Regional Planning Board regarding Meadowlands reclamation and development.

82. Pond, Henry O. (Hackensack River Study Commission). Hackensack River and Adjacent Areas Bergen County, County Planning Board. 1964. [1a]A planning document that recommends: 1) the mid-section of the Hackensack River, from the head of commercial navigation north to Oradell Dam, be cleared of pollution and be made fit and suitable for public use and development; 2) the river, its banks, and flood lands be brought under public control; and 3) a dam be constructed at the head of commercial navigation to prevent further contamination of the river and to create a freshwater lake suitable for public use, development, recreation, conservation, and as an emergency water supply, as well as to prevent flooding.

83. *Sipple, William S. Past and Present Flora and Vegetation of the Hackensack Meadowlands Bartonia, No. 41, pp. 4-56. 1971-1972. [1a] Describes the past and present (circa 1970) vegetation of the Hackensack Meadowlands. Includes a review of previous studies done by Torrey (1819), Britton (1889), Harshberger & Burns (1919), and Heusser (1949) to reconstruct the past vegetation of the Meadowlands. Also contains a vegetation map showing the then current vegetation in the Meadowlands. Discusses factors causing vegetation change.

84. *Various Authors. Hackensack Meadowlands: Today and Tomorrow. Conference at Fairleigh Dickinson University. June 15, 1977. [2a]Compilation of the presentations at a conference focusing on two major challenges of the Hackensack Meadowlands in the 1960’s and 1970’s: 1) the issue of ownership of the Hackensack Meadowlands and 2) the coordination of development and preservation. The conference was planned as an analysis of the progress made on resolving these challenges and discussion of the future planning of the area.

85. *Wong, M. Land Use Change in the Meadowlands. Rutgers University. 2002. [1a] A series of color coded maps were produced depicting change in land cover from 1890 to 2000 in the Meadowlands. It was determined that the Meadowlands was not entirely a cedar forest when Europeans arrived; cedars covered only portion of the area. The Oradell Dam, constructed in the 1920s, was not responsible for conversion from cedar forest to marshlands; the conversion had already taken place by that time. Furthermore, rise of sea level rise and decline of ground level since the 1600’s has greatly affected the trajectory of vegetation change.

86. *Wright, Kevin W. The Hackensack Meadowlands: Prehistory and History. December 1988. [1]Explores the prehistory and history of the Meadowlands in general. However, it uses the Kingsland Marsh as a control by which the a sample of the events affecting the Meadowlands can be seen in detail.

D. Biological Studies – Fauna

87. Benjamin, P. (USFWS) Planning Aid Report: Preliminary Natural Resources Inventory and Impact Assessment for the Hackensack River Basin Flood Control Study. April 1993. [4]Provided in response to a USACE study of two localized flooding areas, identifies impacts, mitigation measures, habitat enhancement opportunities, data gaps, and cost estimates for these efforts to protect fish and wildlife resources in the Hackensack River Basin.

88. *Black, I. H. Past and Present Status of the Birds of the Lower Hackensack River Marshes. New Jersey Nature News. 25(2):57-70. 1970. [1a]Describes the highlights of the bird population of the lower Hackensack River marshes between 1961 and 1967. It compares the bird data of 1961-1967 to that of 1969, and also compares the shorebird numbers of 1961-1967 to those found prior to 1936 in the Secaucus and Newark marshes.

89. *Bragin, A. Brett, W. Frame, M. Kraus, D. Smith, A. Goeller, J. Graviec, & E. Konsevick. Inventory of Fisheries Resources of the Hackensack River within the Jurisdictional Boundary of the Hackensack Meadowlands Development Commission from Kearny, Hudson County, to Ridgefield, Bergen County, New Jersey. May 18, 1989. [1]A two-year survey (2/1987 to 12/1988) initiated by HMDC of the lower Hackensack River to ascertain the fisheries values of the river and help guide intelligent decisions on development applications.

90. Burr, Robert & William Lang. Planning Aid Report: Fish and Wildlife Resources Inventory and Evaluation for the Interim Survey Level Flood Control Study (Stage II) in the Hackensack River Basin, Hudson and Bergen Counties, New Jersey. September 1983. [1a] The fundamental objective of the Hackensack River Basin Study is to reduce tidal flooding in the Hackensack River Basin. Presents information primarily related to the preservation and protection of indigenous fish and wildlife resources and endangered or threatened species, and recommends measures for reducing adverse project impacts in accordance with the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act.

91. *Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, New Jersey University of Pennsylvania. A Survey of Existing Physical Conditions of the Hackensack Meadows. 1969. [1a]Gives a very general overview of the climate, geology, soils, hydrology, fauna, and flora of the Hackensack Meadowlands.

92. Galluzzi, P. Mercury Concentrations in Muskrats, Ondata zibethicus, from the Hackensack Meadowlands, New Jersey. Fairleigh Dickinson University. 1976. [1a]Muskrats were collected from four locations in the tributaries of the Hackensack River, including Berry’s Creek, and from a control area. Mercury concentrations in the muskrats from each of the sampling sites were compared. Concludes that mercury is not accumulating faster in muskrats in areas of known contamination than those found in natural, uncontaminated areas.

93. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. Fishery Study Locations and Gear Types Used Within the Hackensack Meadowlands District. 2001. [2a]A dataset containing the sampling locations and gear types used for a fisheries study within the HMD (excluding the trawls, which are maintained in a separate coverage). The point data was created using the NJDEP quarter quads as a base layer to obtain the approximate locations of the study areas.

94. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. Trawl Locations for Fisheries Study within the Hackensack Meadowlands District. 2001. [2a]A dataset containing the trawling sampling locations for a fisheries study within the HMD. The line data was created using the NJDEP quarter quads as a base layer to obtain the approximate location of the study areas.

98. *Hart Crowser, Inc. Project Plan: Baseline Characterization – Sediment Quality, Water Quality, and Benthic Infauna. December 1997. [4] Prepared to guide preliminary studies of sediment and water quality necessary to support an USACE permit application. The purpose of the study was to generate the recommended technical information which will form a basis for the resolution of habitat-related issues for benthos.

99. *Jack McCormick & Associates, Inc. Collections of Aquatic Organisms from the Hackensack Meadowlands, Bergen and Hudson Counties, NJ. 1977. [1a]Study undertaken to obtain a large number of biological samples from the waters and wetlands at eight stations in the central meadowlands. Samples were collected during three days in October 1976. Specimens were identified, labeled, packaged, and frozen. The concentrations of mercury in the samples collected were to be determined at a later date under a separate contract.

101. *Kane, Richard P. 1975 Fall Shorebird Migration in the Hackensack Meadowlands. New Jersey Audubon Magazine. 1976. [1a] Provides an account of the 1975 fall shorebird migration, based on 26 field visits to the area now known as DeKorte Park, from July 4 to October 27, 1975. Provides a description of the area, species accounts of shorebirds observed, and a section on the future of shorebirds in the Meadowlands.

102. Kane, R. Fall Shorebird Migration in the Hackensack Meadows, 1971-1980. Records of New Jersey Birds 9(2): 24-32.[4]Reports on the systematic counts of sandpipers and plovers made over a period of ten years in North Arlington and Lyndhurst, NJ. The raw data is presented for conservation purposes, as it documents the importance of the lower Hackensack estuary as a stopover for some of the common shorebird species.

103. *Kane, Richard. Phragmites use by birds in New Jersey. NJ Audubon Society Magazine. Vol. XXVI, No. 4, pp. 122-123. Winter 2000-2001. [1a]Provides a list of birds that have been seen in common reed (Phragmites australis) – including 32 species that breed in Phragmites – with numerous references to the Hackensack Meadowlands, especially Kearny Marsh.

104. Kane, R. & D. Githens. Hackensack River Migratory Bird Report with Recommendations for Conservation. New Jersey Audubon Society. April 1997. [4] A three-year study was conducted in the Hackensack River area to inventory wildlife use, define critical migratory bird habitat, and recommend conservation measures in the region. This report investigates 21 selected sites particularly important to migratory birds.

105. Konsevick, E. & G. Riedel. Accumulation of Chromium in Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapidus) from the Hackensack River, Hudson County, New Jersey. 1993. [1a] A total of 20 male crabs were collected during three seasons at three stations in the HMD and at a control site outside the HMD. A total of three tissue types, claw muscle, body muscle, and hepatopancreas were analyzed separately. Crabs inhabiting the Meadowlands had chromium concentrations significantly higher than those from the control site.

106. *Kraus, Mark L. Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Pre-fledging Tree Swallows, Tachycineta bicolor Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1989. [1a] A total of ten sediment, nine adult midge, twelve swallow eggs, and six pre-fledgling swallows samples were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Ni. The study demonstrated that heavy metals can move from contaminated estuarine sediments through midges and bioaccumulate in pre-fledgling tree swallows. The accumulation of metals in bird tissues is dependant on the tissue and metal type.

107. Kraus, M. L., A. Benda, P. Lupini, & A. Smith (HMDC). Species Lists of Organisms Found in the Hackensack Meadowlands: Vascular Plants – Mammals. 1987. [1a] Compilation of data collected from 33 references (dated 1972 through 1986) on the Hackensack Meadowlands. These lists should not be considered complete, as many areas within the Meadowlands have not been studied, and many of the areas that have been studied were not systematically surveyed.

110. *The Louis Berger Group, Inc. Benthic Infauna Study. September 1998. [4]Conducted as part of a field sampling program in support of a USACE permit application. Addresses recommendations made by the USEPA, USACE, and National Marine Fisheries Service for an evaluation of the relative quality of the sediment habitats within the project area.

113. *NJMC & MERI. Fisheries Inventory of the Hackensack River within the Hackensack Meadowlands District. (8/2001 – 9/2003). A two-year survey of fisheries resources within the Hackensack River and selected tributaries within the HMD was completed in September of 2003. Data was collected on a monthly and seasonal basis. A Fisheries Inventory Report is currently being drafted and is expected to be completed by December 2004.

114. *PSE&G Company & Ichthyological Associates, Inc. Effect of the Cooling Water Intake Structure – Impingement of Fishes: Kearny Generating Station NPDES Permit No. NJ0000655 Demonstration for Section 316(b) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, PL 92-500. 1979. [1a]Assessment of the environmental impact of the cooling water intake structure of the Kearny generating station. Assessed the ecological significance of the loss of fish and blue crabs at the intake structure. The impingement losses were evaluated in terms of the characteristics of the source water body and the life histories of the more frequently impinged species.

116. *Raichel, D. L., Ken Able, & Jean Marie Hartman. The Influence of Phragmites (Common Reed) on the Distribution, Abundance, and Potential Prey of a Resident Marsh Fish in the Hackensack Meadowlands, New Jersey.” Estuaries 26: 511-521. 2003.[5] Analyzed abundance and distribution of the various life history stages of mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) and their invertebrate prey in smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) and common reed (Phragmites australis).

117. Sabounjian, E. and P, Galluzi. Mercury Concentrations in Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates from the Hackensack Meadowlands, New Jersey. 1980. [1a]Various fish and aquatic invertebrates were sampled throughout the HMD and mercury concentrations were compared. The data suggested that older and/or larger killifish had greater concentrations of mercury, and that fiddler crabs might be a good environmental indicator of local contamination.

118. Santoro, E. D. & S. J. Koepp. Mercury Levels in Organisms in Proximity to an Old Chemical Site. Marine Pollution Bulletin 17(5):219-224. 1986. [4]Designed to measure the extent of mercury contamination among aquatic macrofauna in conjunction with a documented point-source discharge of mercury into the marsh environment. Mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) appear to be a more reliable indicator of local mercury contamination than other fish in the study; no immediate health hazard was detected.

119. Stocks, K. I. Factors Affecting Macroinfaunal Community Structure in Salt Marshes. Marine Sciences Graduate Program. Rutgers University. 2000. [5] Examined benthic invertebrate species present in impounded and natural salt marshes in Delaware. Species lists from the two types of marshes were similar (with habitat-specific differences), but dominance patterns differed. Created salt marsh pond mesocosms at the Lyndhurst Nature Reserve to demonstrate food limitation during recolonization. The role of behavior in post-settlement movement of polychaetes was also examined.

120. *USFWS. Significant Habitats and Habitat Complexes of the New York Bight Watershed. 1996. Identifies and describes the essential habitats of key marine, coastal, and terrestrial species inhabiting the New York Bight watershed study area, which includes the Hackensack Meadowlands. This data will help guide informed and ecologically sound land use decisions and land protection efforts.

121. *USFWS, USACE-NYD, USEPA-Region II, National Marine Fisheries Service, & HMDC. Wildlife Management Plan for the Hackensack Meadowlands. September 22, 2000. [4]A wildlife management plan developed for the New Jersey Meadowlands. Plan is not site-specific, but comprises sets of objectives and strategies at the landscape, cover-type, and species-group scales for the overall Meadowlands wetland complex. The plan identifies a need to determine which native species are of greatest concern from a management standpoint, defines ecosystems, identifies important ecological processes, and identifies compatible and non-compatible human use factors.

E. Biological Studies – General Environmental

122. *Agron, S. Environmental Geology of the Hackensack Meadowlands. Field Studies of New Jersey Geology and Guide to Field Trips. Rutgers University. 1981. [1a]Describes the geological and ecological constraints and impacts to several of the major projects that have been erected in the HMD.

123. Artigas, Francisco. Determination of Vigor Gradients of Phragmites Australis and Unvegetated Patches within Salt Marshes of the New Jersey Meadowlands Using Hyperspectral Imagery. Abstracts of the Meadowlands Symposium. 2003. [1a] Conducted to determine if measurements of light reflectance spectra can be used to characterize plant vigor in common reed (Phragmites australis) stands in the Meadowlands. The spectra from greening-up phases of Phragmites were used as a surrogate to determine vigor gradients of Phragmites stands from a 2.5 meter resolution hyperspectral image. Reflectance spectra were measured from a pure, healthy, 10 by 10 meter quadrant of Phragmites every 15-20 days between April and September 2003.

126. *Bart, D. and J.M. Hartman. Environmental Determinants of Phragmites australis Expansion in a New Jersey Salt Marsh: An Experimental Approach. Oikos. 89:59-69. 2000. [1a] Examined the effects of drainage and sulfides on common reed (Phragmites australis). Three experimental treatments were performed on Phragmites plants: 1) the previous year’s dead stems were clipped to limit aeration; 2) rhizomes were severed to prevent translocation; and 3) both previous year’s dead stems were clipped and rhizomes were severed. A control set was left undisturbed.

127. *Bart, D. & J.M. Hartman. The Role of Large Rhizome Dispersal and Low Salinity Windows in the Establishment of Common Reed, Phragmites australis, in Salt Marshes: New Links to Human Activities. Estuaries. Volume 26 No. 2B pp. 436-443. 2003. [5] Tested ability of common reed (Phragmites australis) to establish itself in poorly drained saline environments through burial of large rhizomes, periods of low salinity, and localized drainage.

129. *Camp, Dresser, and McKee. Agency Review Draft: Draft Environmental Impact Statement on the Special Area Management Plan for the Hackensack Meadowlands District, NJ. February 1995. [1] An EIS identifying alternatives, assess the potential environmental, social, and economic consequences of each alternative, and identify the preferred alternative for the Special Area Management Plan for the Hackensack Meadowlands.

130. Camp, Dresser, and McKee, USACE, & NJMC (ed.). Wetlands in the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 1999. [2a]A dataset containing wetland information derived from a field inspection by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the NJMC wetland scientists, covering the entire HMD.

131. *Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, New Jersey University of Pennsylvania. A Survey of Existing Physical Conditions of the Hackensack Meadows. 1969. [1a]Gives a very general overview of the climate, geology, soils, hydrology, fauna, and flora of the Hackensack Meadowlands.

132. Edwards and Kelcey, Inc. Pennsylvania Modified Habitat Evaluation Procedure (PAM HEP) Study. July 1993. [4]The USACE asked that a HEP Analysis be performed to evaluate the natural resources of the NEC project area, which runs across the HMD. Proposed modifications involve the expansion of the existing track alignment from two to four tracks.

134. Hartman, Jean Marie, Marian Norris, Michele Bakacs, Niki Learn, & Mark Wong. (Rutgers University). Status Report for the Hydrogeomorphic Model Development for the Urbanized Intertidal Wetlands of the Hackensack Meadowlands District. December 2001. Discusses the Hydrogeomorphic Functional Assessment Model being developed by the USACE and other environmental agencies to provide a procedure for assessing the functional value of wetlands within the HMD. The model will provide data to improve regulatory decisions and allocation of preservation/restoration resources The project identified reference wetlands and their functional characteristics within the HMD.

135. HMDC. Mercury in plants. 1978. During autumn 1977 and 1988, specimens of plants representing 18 species were collected at 40 stations throughout the Hackensack Meadowlands. An additional 82 specimens representing 13 species were collected at the same stations during spring 1978. Analyses of rhizome, leaf, stem, and fruiting structure tissues were completed.

136. HMDC. Wetland Bio-Zones of the Hackensack Meadowlands: An Inventory. 1975. [1a] This report organized information gathered over a period of years by staff and consultants of the HMDC, for use as baseline data on which further field investigations will build. Five bio-zones are described, based on salinity and vegetation. The report lists the type of biota that are found in each bio-zone.

137. HMDC. Wetland Bio-Zones of the Hackensack Meadowlands: An Inventory (2nd ed). 1980. [1a] Updates the information gathered since the 1975 Bio-Zone report. Includes a cataloging of existing wetlands using aerial photographs and field inventory. A sixth bio-zone is added in this report. Acreages for each bio-zone are included.

140. Kiviat, Erik & Kristi MacDonald. Hackensack Meadowlands, New Jersey, Biodiversity: A Review and Synthesis. August 8, 2002. A document prepared for the Hackensack Meadowlands Partnership. Provided some of the scientific information needed to make sound planning, management, and restoration decisions for the HMD. Focused on acquiring a representative sample of recent biodiversity information that was most relevant to the authors’ questions, as well as some older references. Maps and some “oral” natural history were also documented.

142. Louis Berger & Associates, Inc. Technical Memorandum Phase I Analysis: Analysis and Review of Environmental Controls and Wetlands Protection in the Hackensack Meadowlands Development District, Bergen/Hudson County, New Jersey. September, 1988. Establishes a framework of study to analyze: 1) the extent that environmental resources, particularly wetlands, were considered in the formulation of HMDC land use policy; 2) the extent and location of wetlands in the Towns of Secaucus and North Bergen within the Hackensack Meadowlands; 3) the identification of available development opportunities; and 4) the extent to which development within the Hackensack Meadowlands has been shared by authoritative powers other than the HMDC.

146. *Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. Mitigation Plan: United States Army Corps of Engineers Section 404 Permit Application (Bergen County Resource Recovery Facility) for the Bergen County Utilities Authority and American REF-FUEL. October 1985. [4] Describes the mitigation plan for proposed impacts for the construction of the Bergen County resource recovery facility, and compares environmental values with and without construction of the proposed project.

147. *Mattson, C. P. Ecological and Resource Management Plan for the Hackensack Meadowlands. 1978. [1a]A synopsis of what the then eight-year-old HMDC had learned about the Hackensack Estuary. Section 1 is an ecological primer, Section 2 provides information on the state of the estuary, and Section 3 presents natural resource management strategies for wetlands, water quality, open space, and land use planning.

148. *Mattson, Chester & Nicholas Vallario (HMDC). Water Quality in a Recovering Ecosystem: A Report on Water Quality Research and Monitoring in the Hackensack Meadowlands 1971-1975. January, 1976. Expanded the studies completed for a 1970 water quality study in the Hackensack Estuary to include the ecosystem’s hydrology, chemistry, and biology.

149. McBrien, Peg. Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) Functional Assessment Model and Guidebook for Tidal Fringe Wetlands in the New Jersey Meadowlands. Abstracts of the Meadowlands Symposium. 2003. [1a]A hydrogeomorphic functional assessment model and guidebook for tidal fringe wetlands in the Hackensack Meadowlands is being completed. The HGM model will be used as a tool to help determine wetland functions and values and to approximate compensatory wetland mitigation.

150. McHugh, J. M. Effects of Mycorrhizal Inoculation, Phosphorous Availability, Salinity, and Period of Inundation on Seedling Growth, in the Nursery, of Two Salt Marsh Grasses, Spartina alterniflora and Spartina cynosuroides. Rutgers University. 2001. [5] Analyzed effects of inoculation with commercial mycorrhizae on growth and nutrient uptake of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) and big cordgrass (Spartina cynosuroides) under conditions where phorsphorus was limited.

151. NJMC. New Jersey Meadowlands Data Book. 2002. [2a]A compilation of various socio-economic, municipal, and environmental statistics for the HMD by the NJMC, which is responsible for protecting the delicate balance of nature, providing for orderly development, and providing for facilities for the disposal of solid waste. Data shows economic development and ecological recovery can take place together. The 2002 version is an update of the 1996 version.

152. *New Jersey Turnpike Authority. Final Environmental Impact Statement: Interchange 11 to U.S. Route 46. September 1987. Describes the environmental implications associated with the proposed widening and improvements of the NJ Turnpike from Interchange 11 in Woodbridge to U.S. Route 46. Details some site history, the proposed action, project purpose and need, alternatives, and effects of the plan on biological resources, socioeconomics, cultural resources, air quality, noise, traffic, soils and geology, hydrology, and water quality.

154. *Peteet, D. M., et al. Estuarine Shifts in Organic Matter and Plant Communities in the Meadowlands and Lower Hudson River Marshes – European Impact. Abstracts of the Meadowlands Symposium. 2003. [1a] Sediment cores spanning the last millennium from Hackensack Meadowlands and the lower Hudson estuary marshes were compared. The Meadowlands pollen signature prior to European impact is unique in that the marsh is dominated by sedge pollen, while grasses and trees, primarily oak (15-20%) and pine (10%) play a minor role. In contrast, the Hudson marshes are dominated in Piermont by tree pollen of oak (30%) and pine(30%), and Staten Island and Jamaica Bay by oak (40%) and pine (20%).

155. *Sipple, William S. Past and Present Flora and Vegetation of the Hackensack Meadowlands Bartonia, No. 41, pp. 4-56. 1971-1972. [1a] Describes the past and present (circa 1970) vegetation of the Hackensack Meadowlands. Includes a review of previous studies done by Torrey (1819), Britton (1889), Harshberger & Burns (1919), and Heusser (1949) to reconstruct the past vegetation of the Meadowlands. Also contains a vegetation map showing the then current vegetation in the Meadowlands. Discusses factors causing vegetation change.

156. Totten, L. A., et al. Atmospheric Deposition of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants to the New Jersey Meadowlands. Abstracts of the Meadowlands Symposium. 2003. [1a] Results from the New Jersey Atmospheric Deposition Network include the first estimates of atmospheric deposition fluxes of a suite of organic and inorganic contaminants to the Hudson River Estuary and the New Jersey Meadowlands. The New Jersey Atmospheric Deposition Network consisted of nine monitoring sites across the state representing a variety of land-use regimes

157. *USACE-NYD. Flood Control Study Reconnaissance Report, Hackensack River Basin, New Jersey. June 1993. [1]Determined the extent of federal interest in a plan to alleviate the flooding problems within the Hackensack River Basin and whether the planning should proceed further based on a preliminary appraisal of the federal interest. The study scope consisted of review of existing data, field investigations, interviews with local interests, and coordination with the NJDEP to determine environmental and cultural impacts.

158. *USACE-NYD & U.S. Coast Guard – First Coast Guard District. Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Section 404 (b)(1) Evaluation New Jersey Turnpike Widening Project: Interchange 11 to U.S. Route 46. November 1988. [1]Discusses the project purpose and need, alternatives, affected environment, environmental consequences, and public involvement. In the environmental sections, the report goes in to detail about the geology and soils, groundwater, surface water hydrology, biological resources, and air quality.

159. *USEPA-Region II & USACE-NYD. Draft Environmental Impact Statement on the Special Area Management Plan for the Hackensack Meadowlands District, NJ. June 1995. [2a]EIS developed based on the SAMP for the HMD. The document presents the purpose and need for the SAMP, an alternatives analysis, an analysis of the environmental impacts on the preferred alternative, and the implementation strategy. The EIS included an IVA for specific assessment areas to assess wetland functional values. This document contains maps and figures of the HMD, as well as cultural resources information.

160. USFWS. Hackensack Meadowlands National Wildlife Refuge: A Proposal for a New Refuge Establishment. June 10, 1999. Proposal to establish a Meadowlands National Wildlife Refuge, which would offer an opportunity to conserve and restore a valuable estuarine system, sustain and safeguard wild living trust resources, and provide an outdoor education opportunity for America’s largest urban center. The proposal contains descriptions of the refuge’s resources, objectives, threats, funding, costs, establishment plan, and benefits.

161. *USFWS. Significant Habitats and Habitat Complexes of the New York Bight Watershed. 1996. Identifies and describes the essential habitats of key marine, coastal, and terrestrial species inhabiting the New York Bight watershed study area, which includes the Hackensack Meadowlands. This data will help guide informed and ecologically sound land use decisions and land protection efforts.

162. *USFWS, USACE-NYD, USEPA-Region II, National Marine Fisheries Service, & HMDC. Wildlife Management Plan for the Hackensack Meadowlands. September 22, 2000. [4]A wildlife management plan developed for the New Jersey Meadowlands. Plan is not site-specific, but comprises sets of objectives and strategies at the landscape, cover-type, and species-group scales for the overall Meadowlands wetland complex. The plan identifies a need to determine which native species are of greatest concern from a management standpoint, defines ecosystems, identifies important ecological processes, and identifies compatible and non-compatible human use factors.

163. Waddell, D. C. & M. L. Kraus. Effects of CuCl2 on the Germination Response of Two Populations of the Saltmarsh Cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.[4]Examined population differences in the germination response of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) to various concentrations of Cu. S. alterniflora has been demonstrated to germinate in Cu and Cd solution concentrations as high as 100 mg/L.

165. *Agron, S. Environmental Geology of the Hackensack Meadowlands. Field Studies of New Jersey Geology and Guide to Field Trips. Rutgers University. 1981. [1a]Describes the geological and ecological constraints and impacts to several of the major projects that have been erected in the HMD.

166. *Carswell, L.D., Appraisal of Water Resources in the Hackensack River Basin, New Jersey. June 1976. [1a]Details the geology and hydrology existing in the Hackensack River Basin, including descriptions of the bedrock, existing aquifers, and chemical quality of water.

167. *Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, New Jersey University of Pennsylvania. A Survey of Existing Physical Conditions of the Hackensack Meadows. 1969. [1a]Gives a very general overview of the climate, geology, soils, hydrology, fauna, and flora of the Hackensack Meadowlands.

170. *New Jersey Turnpike Authority. Final Environmental Impact Statement: Interchange 11 to U.S. Route 46. September 1987. Describes the environmental implications associated with the proposed widening and improvements of the NJ Turnpike from Interchange 11 in Woodbridge to U.S. Route 46. Details some site history, the proposed action, project purpose and need, alternatives, and effects of the plan on biological resources, socioeconomics, cultural resources, air quality, noise, traffic, soils and geology, hydrology, and water quality.

171. *Passaic Valley Citizens Planning Association. Hackensack Meadows Master Plan Series. Report Number 1: Survey Phase. February 1958. [1a] A report on the area of the HMD under the jurisdiction of the Meadowlands Regional Planning Board regarding Meadowlands reclamation and development.

172. Saxena, S. K., J. Hedberg, & C. C. Ladd. Research Report R75-2: Results of Special Laboratory Testing Program on Hackensack Valley Varved Clay. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. June 1974. [1a] Describes equipment and test procedures for a laboratory program conducted on varved clay samples from glacial Lake Hackensack in Secaucus, NJ. Includes testing results and comparison of the data to that obtained for other varved clays.

173. *Schulderein, J. Geoarchaeological Overview of Bellman’s Creek, Hackensack Meadowlands, New Jersey. H-BLRT 1B Appendix (Pages 198 – 219). 1995. [1a]An appendix in a report entitled Jersey City to the Vince Lombardi Park-Ride, Archeological Testing for the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail System prepared by Joan H. Geismar. Undertaken to identify depositional contexts and buried archeological site potential in the vicinity of borehole NA-04 near the confluence of the Hackensack River and the southeast bank of Bellman’s Creek. Discusses other paleoecological research performed in other parts of the Meadowlands.

174. *USACE-NYD & U.S. Coast Guard – First Coast Guard District. Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Section 404 (b)(1) Evaluation New Jersey Turnpike Widening Project: Interchange 11 to U.S. Route 46. November 1988. [1]Discusses the project purpose and need, alternatives, affected environment, environmental consequences, and public involvement. In the environmental sections, the report goes in to detail about the geology and soils, groundwater, surface water hydrology, biological resources, and air quality.

175. *ZURN Environmental Engineers. Analysis of Alternative Solid Wastes Management Systems for the Hackensack Meadowlands District. 1970. [1a]Included three major components: 1) evaluation of the extent/characteristics of past/existing solid waste disposal operations; 2) estimation of the magnitude of potential solid waste disposal operations; and 3) development of guidelines for regulation of solid waste disposal operations. Section III details characteristics of the Meadowlands, including geology, topography, groundwater, and surface water flows.

G. Hydraulics and Hydrology

176. *Camp, Dresser, and McKee. Agency Review Draft: Draft Environmental Impact Statement on the Special Area Management Plan for the Hackensack Meadowlands District, NJ. February 1995. [1] An EIS identifying alternatives, assess the potential environmental, social, and economic consequences of each alternative, and identify the preferred alternative for the Special Area Management Plan for the Hackensack Meadowlands.

177. *Carswell, L.D., Appraisal of Water Resources in the Hackensack River Basin, New Jersey. June 1976. [1a]Details the geology and hydrology existing in the Hackensack River Basin, including descriptions of the bedrock, existing aquifers, and chemical quality of water.

178. *Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, New Jersey University of Pennsylvania. A Survey of Existing Physical Conditions of the Hackensack Meadows. 1969. [1a]Gives a very general overview of the climate, geology, soils, hydrology, fauna, and flora of the Hackensack Meadowlands.

179. *DiLorenzo, Joseph L. Ph.D., et al. Tidal and Water Quality Variability in an Urbanized Estuary. Abstracts of the Meadowlands Symposium. 2003. [1a]During 1988, tide and water quality data were collected intensively in the Hackensack Estuary. Tidal elevations were monitored continually at four estuarine stations and over a six-month period; current velocities were measured concurrently at one station near the mouth of the Hackensack River. Discrete water quality samples were collected at six main-stem estuarine stations and at two- to three-hour intervals. Harmonic analyses of tidal elevation data indicate that Hackensack Estuary tides are predominantly semi-diurnal, though modulated by diurnal and fortnightly components.

180. *Elefante, Dom (ed.), NJMC. Channels of the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing information depicting all minor bodies of water including small streams and drainage ditches. The data was digitized at a scale of 1:2400 from 2002 Topographic maps of the HMD.

181. *Elefante, Dom (ed.). NJMC. Waterways of the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing information depicting all major bodies of water within the HMD, including the Hackensack River and its larger tributaries. The data was digitized at a scale of 1:2400 from 2002 Topographic Maps of the District. This coverage also includes the addition of Sach’s Creek, which had previously been omitted.

182. *ERDC, HMDC, & USACE – NYD. Flood Control Survey. 2000. [2a]Survey performed for the HMD that consisted of: 1) cross-sections along the Hackensack River and its major tributaries, including Berry’s Creek, Penhorn Creek, Sack Creek, and the Cayuga Dyke; 2) identifying 30 flood control structures along the Hackensack River; and 3) locating all bridges and piers within the study area. In addition, digital aerials were flown and geo-referenced. The vertical datum for the survey was NGVD29. At 13 of the 30 flood control structures, tide gages and single beam acoustic Doppler current meters were installed and monitored to measure velocity, head difference, and discharge at these locations.

183. *ERDC & USACE – NYD. The Hackensack Meadowlands Flood Control Study. 1998 – 2004 (On-going).[2a]Undertaken to develop a numerical hydraulic model of the Hackensack River and its associated tidal marshes and channels. A parent model (one-dimensional hydrologic) is being developed for the Hackensack River Basin, while child models (two-dimensional hydrologic) are being developed for Berry’s Creek, Penhorn Creek, Sack Creek, and the Cayuga Dyke. The study also includes the evaluation of the performance of proposed flood control structures and restored wetland areas with respect to flood elevations, as well as the effects of optimum maintenance on existing flood control structures.

184. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. 2001 Water Control Structure Locations for the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing wetland information derived from a field inspection by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the NJMC wetland scientists, covering the entire HMD.

185. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Designations for the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing the Federal Emergency Management Agency flood information for the portions of the 14 municipalities that are within the NJMC’s jurisdiction. The Q3 Flood Data are derived from the Flood Insurance Rate Maps published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

187. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association Tide Gauges within the Hackensack Meadowlands Region. 1999. [2a]A dataset containing the locations of tide gages within the Hackensack Meadowlands that are managed and maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association.

188. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. Tide Gauge Stations within the Hackensack Meadowlands District. 2001. [2a]A dataset containing the tide gauge stations found within the HMD. The point data was created using coordinates provided by NJMC staff.

189. *Gordon, Gabrielle & Monica Mianecki (ed.), NJMC. Floodprone Areas in the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing the water control structure locations found within the HMD. The point data was created using coordinates provided by NJMC staff.

190. *HMDC. Hackensack Meadowlands Coastal Zone Management: Enhancement of the Coastal Ecosystem. 1982. [1a]Compiled resources aid the HMDC in addressing a number of public policy issues for the HMD, which included: 1) waterfront parks; 2) revegetation of landfills; 3) river basin management plans; and 4) plans for specially planned areas.

193. *Mattson, Chester & Nicholas Vallario (HMDC). Water Quality in a Recovering Ecosystem: A Report on Water Quality Research and Monitoring in the Hackensack Meadowlands 1971-1975. January, 1976. Expanded the studies completed for a 1970 water quality study in the Hackensack Estuary to include the ecosystem’s hydrology, chemistry, and biology.

194. *New Jersey Turnpike Authority. Final Environmental Impact Statement: Interchange 11 to U.S. Route 46. September 1987. Describes the environmental implications associated with the proposed widening and improvements of the NJ Turnpike from Interchange 11 in Woodbridge to U.S. Route 46. Details some site history, the proposed action, project purpose and need, alternatives, and effects of the plan on biological resources, socioeconomics, cultural resources, air quality, noise, traffic, soils and geology, hydrology, and water quality.

196. TAMS. Hackensack Meadowlands Mathematical Study. June 1975. Details a mathematical model of the Hackensack Meadowlands that was formulated to perform hydraulic routing of floods and tides through the complex network of channels and marshes in the system.

197. *USACE-NYD. Flood Control Study Reconnaissance Report, Hackensack River Basin, New Jersey. June 1993. [1]Determined the extent of federal interest in a plan to alleviate the flooding problems within the Hackensack River Basin and whether the planning should proceed further based on a preliminary appraisal of the federal interest. The study scope consisted of review of existing data, field investigations, interviews with local interests, and coordination with the NJDEP to determine environmental and cultural impacts.

198. USACE-NYD & TAMS Consultants, Inc. Reconnaissance Report for Flood Control Measures, Hackensack River Basin, Hudson and Bergen Counties, New Jersey. January 1981. [4]Investigation to determine if there was a federal interest that warranted further and more detailed engineering studies of flood control measures in the Hackensack Meadowlands. The investigation involved re-evaluating the feasibility of a tidal barrier and associated levees and walls using a mathematical model, LATIS.

199. *USACE-NYD & U.S. Coast Guard – First Coast Guard District. Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Section 404 (b)(1) Evaluation New Jersey Turnpike Widening Project: Interchange 11 to U.S. Route 46. November 1988. [1]Discusses the project purpose and need, alternatives, affected environment, environmental consequences, and public involvement. In the environmental sections, the report goes in to detail about the geology and soils, groundwater, surface water hydrology, biological resources, and air quality.

200. *ZURN Environmental Engineers. Analysis of Alternative Solid Wastes Management Systems for the Hackensack Meadowlands District. 1970. [1a]Included three major components: 1) evaluation of the extent/characteristics of past/existing solid waste disposal operations; 2) estimation of the magnitude of potential solid waste disposal operations; and 3) development of guidelines for regulation of solid waste disposal operations. Section III details characteristics of the Meadowlands, including geology, topography, groundwater, and surface water flows.

H. Water and Sediments

201. *Bonnevie, N.L., S.L. Huntley, B.W. Found, & R.J. Wenning. Trace Metal Contamination in Surficial Sediments from Newark Bay, New Jersey. Science of the Total Environment 144 (1-3):1-6. 1994. [2] Pb (275 ± 138 mg/kg) and Cu (116 ± 63 mg/kg) concentrations in sand sediments from Hackensack Area I were similar to those found in the Passaic River and the Arthur Kill. These results suggest that metal concentrations, particularly Cd, Hg, and Pb, in surficial sediments in the Passaic River, Hackensack River, and the Arthur Kill and portions of the Hackensack Meadowlands may pose a significant threat to aquatic biota.

202. *Camp, Dresser, and McKee. Agency Review Draft: Draft Environmental Impact Statement on the Special Area Management Plan for the Hackensack Meadowlands District, NJ. February 1995. [1] An EIS identifying alternatives, assess the potential environmental, social, and economic consequences of each alternative, and identify the preferred alternative for the Special Area Management Plan for the Hackensack Meadowlands.

203. *Cheng, C. & E. Konsevick. Trends in the Water Quality of an Urban Estuary: Hackensack Meadowlands, New Jersey. Coastal Water Resources. Proceedings of a Symposium Held in Wilmington, North Carolina. American Water Resources Association. 1988. [1a] NJMC has been conducting a summer water quality program since 1971. Of the 13 parameters evaluated, this study reports on just four: temperature, salinity, BOD, and DO. Parametric and non-parametric statistical analysis completed. Also analyzed changes in overall water quality of the Hackensack River.

204. *DiLorenzo, Joseph L. Ph.D., et al. Tidal and Water Quality Variability in an Urbanized Estuary. Abstracts of the Meadowlands Symposium. 2003. [1a]During 1988, tide and water quality data were collected intensively in the Hackensack Estuary. Tidal elevations were monitored continually at four estuarine stations and over a six-month period; current velocities were measured concurrently at one station near the mouth of the Hackensack River. Discrete water quality samples were collected at six main-stem estuarine stations and at two- to three-hour intervals. Harmonic analyses of tidal elevation data indicate that Hackensack Estuary tides are predominantly semi-diurnal, though modulated by diurnal and fortnightly components.

205. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. Water Quality Monitoring Stations within the Hackensack Meadowlands Region. 2001. [2a]A dataset containing the locations of the water quality monitoring stations found within the HMD. The point data was created using coordinates provided by NJMC staff.

206. *Hart Crowser, Inc. Project Plan: Baseline Characterization – Sediment Quality, Water Quality, and Benthic Infauna. December 1997. [4] Prepared to guide preliminary studies of sediment and water quality necessary to support an USACE permit application. The purpose of the study was to generate the recommended technical information which will form a basis for the resolution of habitat-related issues for benthos.

207. Kellman, Roger J. Factors Effecting Sludge Utilization on the Landfills of the Hackensack Meadowlands. 1979. [1a]Studied factors that effect a sludge utilization program for the landfills of HMD. Presented a discussion of land disposal of sewage sludge and the various land utilization methods. Included some general leachate information, and discussed the pathogens, nutrients, organics, and heavy metals. The effects of heavy metals on the plants included the discussion of availability and toxicity.

208. Konsevick, Edward, Christine Hobble, & Paul Lupini. Hackensack Meadowlands District-Wide Water Quality Monitoring Project Summary Covering the Period January, 1993 to June, 1993. July 1994. [1]Reviewed the project design, methods, and presentation of results of selected water quality parameters. References five papers, all of which pertain to water quality in the Meadowlands.

209. *Konsevick, E., C. Cheng-Hobble, and P. Lupini. Monitoring Effects of Urban Land Use on Estuarine Water Quality. Hackensack Meadowlands Development Commission, Lyndhurst, NJ. 1994. [4]The USGS, along with the HMDC, established a network of 14 ambient water quality monitoring sites to characterize the status of water quality in the HMD. The program will ensure the uninterrupted flow of information needed by decision makers to manage development within the estuary.

210. *The Louis Berger Group, Inc. Benthic Infauna Study. September 1998. [4]Conducted as part of a field sampling program in support of a USACE permit application. Addresses recommendations made by the USEPA, USACE, and National Marine Fisheries Service for an evaluation of the relative quality of the sediment habitats within the project area.

213. *Mattson, C.P. Ecological and Resource Management Plan for the Hackensack Meadowlands. 1978. [1a]A synopsis of what the then eight-year-old HMDC had learned about the Hackensack Estuary. Section 1 is an ecological primer, Section 2 provides information on the state of the estuary, and Section 3 presents natural resource management strategies for wetlands, water quality, open space, and land use planning.

214. *Mattson, Chester & Nicholas Vallario (HMDC). Water Quality in a Recovering Ecosystem: A Report on Water Quality Research and Monitoring in the Hackensack Meadowlands 1971-1975. January, 1976. Expanded the studies completed for a 1970 water quality study in the Hackensack Estuary to include the ecosystem’s hydrology, chemistry, and biology.

215. *Mattson, C., G. Potera, & M.E. Saks. Water Quality in a Disordered Ecosystem: A Report on the Water Quality Monitoring Study Performed in the Hackensack Meadowlands between June and September 1971. 1971. [1a]Part of a natural resource inventory on which to base future land use decisions and against which to make future comparisons. Chemistry and water quality were measured at 11 sites, including Berry’s Creek, Penhorn Creek, Losen Slote Creek, Bellman’s Creek, Moonachie Creek, Mill Creek, and the Hackensack River.

216. *Mattson, Chester P. & Richard Lo Pinto. Phytoplankton for Industrial Pollutants in the Hackensack Meadowlands. Proceedings of University Seminar on Pollution and Water Resources, Volume VIII. 1975. [1a]Discusses the methods used to perform phytoplankton bioassays (using ten different phytoplankton cultures) on three different effluent types – landfill leachate, effluent from a metal finishing factory, and effluent from a metal plating factory. Samples were collected from the Hackensack Meadowlands.

217. *New Jersey Turnpike Authority. Final Environmental Impact Statement: Interchange 11 to U.S. Route 46. September 1987. Describes the environmental implications associated with the proposed widening and improvements of the NJ Turnpike from Interchange 11 in Woodbridge to U.S. Route 46. Details some site history, the proposed action, project purpose and need, alternatives, and effects of the plan on biological resources, socioeconomics, cultural resources, air quality, noise, traffic, soils and geology, hydrology, and water quality.

218. *Peteet, D. M., et al. Estuarine Shifts in Organic Matter and Plant Communities in the Meadowlands and Lower Hudson River Marshes – European Impact. Abstracts of the Meadowlands Symposium. 2003. [1a] Sediment cores spanning the last millennium from Hackensack Meadowlands and the lower Hudson estuary marshes were compared. The Meadowlands pollen signature prior to European impact is unique in that the marsh is dominated by sedge pollen, while grasses and trees, primarily oak (15-20%) and pine (10%) play a minor role. In contrast, the Hudson marshes are dominated in Piermont by tree pollen of oak (30%) and pine(30%), and Staten Island and Jamaica Bay by oak (40%) and pine (20%).

220. Sabounjian, E. & P. Galluzi. The Distribution of Mercury Contamination in Marsh Sediments, Channel Sediments, and Surface Waters of the Hackensack Meadowlands, New Jersey. 1980. [1a]Sediment cores to a depth of 18 inches and surface water were sampled at 42 sites throughout the HMD, including Eight Day Swamp and Berry’s Creek. Mercury contamination was compared among marsh sediments, channel sediments, and surface waters, as well as along different points downstream of a former mercury processing facility. Contamination between marshes removed from tidal influence and those close to watercourses was also compared.

221. *Santoro, E. D. & S. J. Koepp. Mercury Levels in Organisms in Proximity to an Old Chemical Site. Marine Pollution Bulletin 17(5):219-224. 1986.[4]Measured the extent of mercury contamination among aquatic macrofauna in conjunction with a documented point-source discharge of mercury into the marsh environment.

I. Historical/Cultural Resources

222. *Camp, Dresser, and McKee. Agency Review Draft: Draft Environmental Impact Statement on the Special Area Management Plan for the Hackensack Meadowlands District, NJ. February 1995. [1] An EIS identifying alternatives, assess the potential environmental, social, and economic consequences of each alternative, and identify the preferred alternative for the Special Area Management Plan for the Hackensack Meadowlands.

223. *Kurbansade, Marc (ed.), NJMC. Cultural Resources for the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2001. [2a]A dataset showing the NJDEP State Historic Preservation Office properties within the HMD. As this dataset was created by digitizing polygons by hand from a State Historic Preservation Office paper base map, areas should be considered approximate.

225. *New Jersey Turnpike Authority. Final Environmental Impact Statement: Interchange 11 to U.S. Route 46. September 1987. Describes the environmental implications associated with the proposed widening and improvements of the NJ Turnpike from Interchange 11 in Woodbridge to U.S. Route 46. Details some site history, the proposed action, project purpose and need, alternatives, and effects of the plan on biological resources, socioeconomics, cultural resources, air quality, noise, traffic, soils and geology, hydrology, and water quality.

226. *NJMC. NJMC Master Plan. 2004. [1a](http://www.hmdc.state.nj.us/masterplan/05-Environ.pdf.) The Master Plan creates an overall vision of a regreened Meadowlands and a revitalized urban landscape through the delineation of cohesive goals, principles, standards, and strategies. The plan inventoried environmental, economic, and social information for the HMD. The plan also contains cultural resources information for the HMD.

229. *Schulderein, J. Geoarchaeological Overview of Bellman’s Creek, Hackensack Meadowlands, New Jersey. H-BLRT 1B Appendix (Pages 198 – 219). 1995. [1a]An appendix in a report entitled Jersey City to the Vince Lombardi Park-Ride, Archeological Testing for the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail System prepared by Joan H. Geismar Undertaken to identify depositional contexts and buried archeological site potential in the vicinity of borehole NA-04 near the confluence of the Hackensack River and the southeast bank of Bellman’s Creek. Discusses other paleoecological research performed in other parts of the Meadowlands.

230. *USACE-NYD. Flood Control Study Reconnaissance Report, Hackensack River Basin, New Jersey. June 1993. [1]Determined the extent of federal interest in a plan to alleviate the flooding problems within the Hackensack River Basin and whether the planning should proceed further based on a preliminary appraisal of the federal interest. The study scope consisted of review of existing data, field investigations, interviews with local interests, and coordination with the NJDEP to determine environmental and cultural impacts.

231. *USEPA-Region II & USACE-NYD. Draft Environmental Impact Statement on the Special Area Management Plan for the Hackensack Meadowlands District, NJ. June 1995. [2a]EIS developed based on the SAMP for the HMD. The document presents the purpose and need for the SAMP, an alternatives analysis, an analysis of the environmental impacts on the preferred alternative, and the implementation strategy. The EIS included an IVA for specific assessment areas to assess wetland functional values. This document contains maps and figures of the HMD, as well as cultural resources information.

J. Restoration/Remediation Design Plans

232. *Gordon, Gabrielle (ed.), NJMC. 2002 Current and Potential Mitigation Projects in the Hackensack Meadowlands District, New Jersey. 2002. [2a]A dataset containing current and potential mitigations sites for the portions of the 14 municipalities that are within the NJMC’s jurisdiction.

235. *Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. Mitigation Plan: United States Army Corps of Engineers Section 404 Permit Application (Bergen County Resource Recovery Facility) for the Bergen County Utilities Authority and American REF-FUEL. October 1985. [4] Describes the mitigation plan for proposed impacts for the construction of the Bergen County resource recovery facility, and compares environmental values with and without construction of the proposed project.