Human Body Systems

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Transcript of Human Body Systems

Levels of OrganizationRemember, The human body is organized in several levels, from the simplest to the most complexThe Respiratory SystemPurpose: Adds fresh oxygen and removes the waste Carbon Dioxide "GAS EXCHANGE"

Major Organs and FunctionsLungs - Main OrganPharynx - Passage way for air

Arteries - Carry blood away the heartCapillaries - tiny vessels that exchange gases and nutrients to blood and body vesselsVeins - carry blood to the heart--pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs, where it gets oxygenated, returned to the heart, and then pumped out through the aorta to the rest of the body.The Circulatory System4 Chambered HeartValves regulate the flow of blood between the chambersAtria (atrium) - Collection chamber, receives blood

Gall Bladder - pouch-like organ that stores bile for future useSmall Intestine - after digestion, chyme enters the small intestine where it's absorbed into the bloodstream.Villi - provide high surface area for absorption of digested nutrients.Large Intestine: Removes water from the chyme and gets the waste ready for excretion-Your ColonExcretory SystemPurpose: rid the body of wastes, including excess water and saltsRegulates the intake and loss of water

Major Organs and their functions:Kidneys - main organNephron - Filter out waste in blood that enters the kidney which produces urineRectum - solid (food) waste travels outSkin - sweat glands remove excess water and salts Lungs - expel the waste (carbon dioxide)Integumentary SystemHair and Nails – made of keratin.

How does your hair maintain homeostasis? -Protects head from UV radiation from the sun -Provides layer of insulation from changing outside temps

Immune SystemTo remove infectious diseases and other pathogens

Lymphatic System Immune SystemMajor Organs and Their FunctionsSkin – body’s first line of defenseWhite Blood Cells – recognize disease and create antibodies to tag and remove themLymph Nodes – help restore fluid lost by the blood and return it to the circulatory systemImmune SystemDisease - caused by a disruption in a human body system that leads to a disruption in homeostasis.

Bones (skeleton) – 206 bonesJointsCartilage - tough, fibrous, elastic connective tissue Ligaments (bone to bone) (tendon=bone to muscle)Fight or Flight Syndromestate of increased alertness Blood is redirected away from the extremities to the large muscles of the body The heart starts working harder to move the blood to the large muscle groups as quickly as it can Increase in Respiratory Rate Release of red blood cells Release of sugar by liver Increase in metabolic rate

Increases Adrenaline – Testosterone or Estrogen

Parts of the Skeletal SystemBones Endocrine SystemPurpose: to control growth, development, metabolism and reproduction by hormones

Hormones – chemical messengers

Has five main functions:Regulate metabolismMaintain salt, water, and nutrient balance in the bloodControl stress responsesRegulate growth, development, reproduction.Produce hormones

**Homeostasis**

The Nervous SystemPurpose: controls and coordinates all the functions in the body. Central Nervous System -Brain – control center of the body, where all processes are relayed throughSpinal Cord – sends instructions from the brain to the rest of the body and vice versa