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Amazon EBS–Optimized Instances

An Amazon EBS–optimized instance uses an optimized configuration stack and provides
additional, dedicated capacity for Amazon EBS I/O. This optimization provides the
best
performance for your EBS volumes by minimizing contention between Amazon EBS I/O and
other
traffic from your instance.

EBS–optimized instances deliver dedicated bandwidth to Amazon EBS, with options between
425 Mib/s and 14,000 Mib/s, depending on the instance type you
use. When attached to an EBS–optimized instance, General Purpose SSD (gp2) volumes are designed
to deliver their baseline and burst performance 99% of the time, and Provisioned IOPS
SSD (io1) volumes
are designed to deliver their provisioned performance 99.9% of the time. Both Throughput
Optimized HDD
(st1) and Cold HDD (sc1) guarantee performance consistency of 90% of burst throughput 99%
of the time. Non-compliant periods are approximately uniformly distributed, targeting
99% of
expected total throughput each hour. For more information, see Amazon EBS Volume Types.

Supported Instance Types

The following tables show which instance types support EBS optimization. They include
the dedicated bandwidth to Amazon EBS, the typical maximum aggregate throughput that
can be
achieved on that connection with a streaming read workload and 128 KiB I/O size, and
the maximum IOPS the instance can support if you are using a 16 KiB I/O size. Choose
an EBS–optimized instance that provides more dedicated Amazon EBS throughput than
your application needs; otherwise, the connection between Amazon EBS and Amazon EC2
can become
a performance bottleneck.

EBS Optimized By Default

The following table lists the instance types that support EBS optimization and
EBS optimization is enabled by default. There is no need to enable EBS optimization
and no effect if you disable EBS optimization.

Instance type

Maximum bandwidth (Mib/s)

Maximum throughput (MiB/s, 128 KiB I/O)

Maximum IOPS (16 KiB I/O)

c4.large

500

62.5

4,000

c4.xlarge

750

93.75

6,000

c4.2xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

c4.4xlarge

2,000

250

16,000

c4.8xlarge

4,000

500

32,000

c5.large *

3,500

437.5

20,000

c5.xlarge *

3,500

437.5

20,000

c5.2xlarge *

3,500

437.5

20,000

c5.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

20,000

c5.9xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

c5.12xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

c5.18xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

c5.24xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

c5.metal

14,000

1,750

80,000

c5d.large *

3,500

437.5

20,000

c5d.xlarge *

3,500

437.5

20,000

c5d.2xlarge *

3,500

437.5

20,000

c5d.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

20,000

c5d.9xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

c5d.18xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

c5n.large *

3,500

437.5

20,000

c5n.xlarge *

3,500

437.5

20,000

c5n.2xlarge *

3,500

437.5

20,000

c5n.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

20,000

c5n.9xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

c5n.18xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

c5n.metal

14,000

1,750

80,000

d2.xlarge

750

93.75

6,000

d2.2xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

d2.4xlarge

2,000

250

16,000

d2.8xlarge

4,000

500

32,000

f1.2xlarge

1,700

212.5

12,000

f1.4xlarge

3,500

400

44,000

f1.16xlarge

14,000

1,750

75,000

g3s.xlarge

850

100

5,000

g3.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

20,000

g3.8xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

g3.16xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

h1.2xlarge

1,750

218.75

12,000

h1.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

20,000

h1.8xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

h1.16xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

i3.large

425

53.13

3000

i3.xlarge

850

106.25

6000

i3.2xlarge

1,700

212.5

12,000

i3.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

16,000

i3.8xlarge

7,000

875

32,500

i3.16xlarge

14,000

1,750

65,000

i3.metal

14,000

1,750

65,000

i3en.large *

3,500

437.5

20,000

i3en.xlarge *

3,500

437.5

20,000

i3en.2xlarge *

3,500

437.5

20,000

i3en.3xlarge *

3,500

437.5

20,000

i3en.6xlarge

3,500

437.5

20,000

i3en.12xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

i3en.24xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

i3en.metal

14,000

1,750

80,000

m4.large

450

56.25

3,600

m4.xlarge

750

93.75

6,000

m4.2xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

m4.4xlarge

2,000

250

16,000

m4.10xlarge

4,000

500

32,000

m4.16xlarge

10,000

1,250

65,000

m5.large *

3,500

437.5

18,750

m5.xlarge *

3,500

437.5

18,750

m5.2xlarge *

3,500

437.5

18,750

m5.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

18,750

m5.8xlarge

5,000

625

30,000

m5.12xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

m5.16xlarge

10,000

1,250

60,000

m5.24xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

m5.metal

14,000

1,750

80,000

m5a.large *

2,120

265

16,000

m5a.xlarge *

2,120

265

16,000

m5a.2xlarge *

2,120

265

16,000

m5a.4xlarge

2,120

265

16,000

m5a.8xlarge

3,500

437.5

20,000

m5a.12xlarge

5,000

625

30,000

m5a.16xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

m5a.24xlarge

10,000

1,250

60,000

m5ad.large *

2,120

265

16,000

m5ad.xlarge *

2,120

265

16,000

m5ad.2xlarge *

2,120

265

16,000

m5ad.4xlarge

2,120

265

16,000

m5ad.12xlarge

5,000

675

30,000

m5ad.24xlarge

10,000

1,250

60,000

m5d.large *

3,500

437.5

18,750

m5d.xlarge *

3,500

437.5

18,750

m5d.2xlarge *

3,500

437.5

18,750

m5d.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

18,750

m5d.8xlarge

5,000

625

30,000

m5d.12xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

m5d.16xlarge

10,000

1,250

60,000

m5d.24xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

m5d.metal

14,000

1,750

80,000

p2.xlarge

750

93.75

6,000

p2.8xlarge

5,000

625

32,500

p2.16xlarge

10,000

1,250

65,000

p3.2xlarge

1,750

218

10,000

p3.8xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

p3.16xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

p3dn.24xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

r4.large

425

53.13

3,000

r4.xlarge

850

106.25

6,000

r4.2xlarge

1,700

212.5

12,000

r4.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

18,750

r4.8xlarge

7,000

875

37,500

r4.16xlarge

14,000

1,750

75,000

r5.large *

3,500

437.5

18,750

r5.xlarge *

3,500

437.5

18,750

r5.2xlarge *

3,500

437.5

18,750

r5.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

18,750

r5.8xlarge

5,000

625

30,000

r5.12xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

r5.16xlarge

10,000

1,250

60,000

r5.24xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

r5.metal

14,000

1,750

80,000

r5a.large *

2,120

265

16,000

r5a.xlarge *

2,120

265

16,000

r5a.2xlarge *

2,120

265

16,000

r5a.4xlarge

2,120

265

16,000

r5a.8xlarge

3,500

437.5

32,000

r5a.12xlarge

5,000

625

30,000

r5a.16xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

r5a.24xlarge

10,000

1,250

60,000

r5ad.large *

2,210

265

16,000

r5ad.xlarge *

2,210

265

16,000

r5ad.2xlarge *

2,210

265

16,000

r5ad.4xlarge

2,210

265

16,000

r5ad.12xlarge

5,000

625

30,000

r5ad.24xlarge

10,000

1,250

60,000

r5d.large *

3,500

437.5

18,750

r5d.xlarge *

3,500

437.5

18,750

r5d.2xlarge *

3,500

437.5

18,750

r5d.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

18,750

r5d.8xlarge

5,000

625

30,000

r5d.12xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

r5d.16xlarge

10,000

1,250

60,000

r5d.24xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

r5d.metal

14,000

1,750

80,000

t3.nano *

1,536

192

11,800

t3.micro *

1,536

192

11,800

t3.small *

1,536

192

11,800

t3.medium *

1,536

192

11,800

t3.large *

2,048

256

15,700

t3.xlarge *

2,048

256

15,700

t3.2xlarge *

2,048

256

15,700

t3a.nano *

1,536

192

11,800

t3a.micro *

1,536

192

11,800

t3a.small *

1,536

192

11,800

t3a.medium *

1,536

192

11,800

t3a.large *

2,048

256

15,700

t3a.xlarge *

2,048

256

15,700

t3a.2xlarge *

2,048

256

15,700

u-6tb1.metal

14,000

1,750

80,000

u-9tb1.metal

14,000

1,750

80,000

u-12tb1.metal

14,000

1,750

80,000

x1.16xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

x1.32xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

x1e.xlarge

500

62.5

3,700

x1e.2xlarge

1,000

125

7,400

x1e.4xlarge

1,750

218.75

10,000

x1e.8xlarge

3,500

437.5

20,000

x1e.16xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

x1e.32xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

z1d.large *

2,333

291

13,333

z1d.xlarge *

2,333

291

13,333

z1d.2xlarge

2,333

292

13,333

z1d.3xlarge

3,500

438

20,000

z1d.6xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

z1d.12xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

z1d.metal

14,000

1,750

80,000

* These instance types can support maximum performance for 30 minutes at least once
every 24 hours. For example, c5.large
instances can deliver 437.5 Mib/s for 30 minutes at least once every 24 hours.
If you have a workload that requires sustained maximum performance for longer
than 30 minutes, select an instance type according to baseline performance as shown
in the following table:

Instance type

Baseline bandwidth (Mib/s)

Baseline throughput (MiB/s, 128 KiB I/O)

Baseline IOPS (16 KiB I/O)

c5.large

525

65.625

4,000

c5.xlarge

800

100

6,000

c5.2xlarge

1,750

218.75

10,000

c5d.large

525

65.625

4,000

c5d.xlarge

800

100

6,000

c5d.2xlarge

1,750

218.75

10,000

c5n.large

525

65.625

4,000

c5n.xlarge

800

100

6,000

c5n.2xlarge

1,750

218.75

10,000

i3en.large

425

53.125

3,000

i3en.xlarge

850

106.25

6,000

i3en.2xlarge

1,700

212.5

12,000

i3en.3xlarge

2,800

350

15,000

m5.large

480

60

3,600

m5.xlarge

850

106.25

6,000

m5.2xlarge

1,700

212.5

12,000

m5a.large

480

60

3,600

m5a.xlarge

800

100

6,000

m5a.2xlarge

1,166

146

8,333

m5ad.large

480

60

3,600

m5ad.xlarge

800

100

6,000

m5ad.2xlarge

1,166

146

8,333

m5d.large

480

60

3,600

m5d.xlarge

850

106.25

6,000

m5d.2xlarge

1,700

212.5

12,000

r5.large

480

60

3,600

r5.xlarge

850

106.25

6,000

r5.2xlarge

1,700

212.5

12,000

r5a.large

480

60

3,600

r5a.xlarge

800

100

6,000

r5a.2xlarge

1,166

146

8,333

r5ad.large

480

60

3,600

r5ad.xlarge

800

100

6,000

r5ad.2xlarge

1,166

146

8,333

r5d.large

480

60

3,600

r5d.xlarge

850

106.25

6,000

r5d.2xlarge

1,700

212.5

12,000

t3.nano

32

4

250

t3.micro

64

8

500

t3.small

128

16

1,000

t3.medium

256

32

2,000

t3.large

512

64

4,000

t3.xlarge

512

64

4,000

t3.2xlarge

512

64

4,000

t3a.nano

32

4

250

t3a.micro

64

8

500

t3a.small

128

16

1,000

t3a.medium

256

32

2,000

t3a.large

512

64

4,000

t3a.xlarge

512

64

4,000

t3a.2xlarge

512

64

4,000

z1d.large

583

73

3,333

z1d.xlarge

1,167

146

6,667

The EBSIOBalance% and EBSByteBalance%
metrics can help you determine if your instances are sized correctly. You can view
these metrics in the CloudWatch console and set
an alarm that is triggered based on a threshold you specify. These metrics are expressed
as
a percentage. Instances with a consistently low balance percentage are candidates
for upsizing.
Instances where the balance percentage never drops below 100% are candidates for downsizing.
For more information, see Monitoring Your Instances Using CloudWatch.

EBS Optimization Supported

The following table lists the instance types that support EBS optimization but
EBS optimization is not enabled by default. You can enable EBS optimization when
you launch these instances or after they are running. Instances must have EBS
optimization enabled to achieve the level of performance described. When you enable
EBS optimization for an instance that is not EBS-optimized by default, you pay an
additional low, hourly fee for the dedicated capacity. For pricing information, see
EBS-optimized Instances on the Amazon EC2 Pricing page for On-Demand instances.

Instance type

Maximum bandwidth (Mib/s)

Maximum throughput (MiB/s, 128 KiB I/O)

Maximum IOPS (16 KiB I/O)

c1.xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

c3.xlarge

500

62.5

4,000

c3.2xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

c3.4xlarge

2,000

250

16,000

g2.2xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

i2.xlarge

500

62.5

4,000

i2.2xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

i2.4xlarge

2,000

250

16,000

m1.large

500

62.5

4,000

m1.xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

m2.2xlarge

500

62.5

4,000

m2.4xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

m3.xlarge

500

62.5

4,000

m3.2xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

r3.xlarge

500

62.5

4,000

r3.2xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

r3.4xlarge

2,000

250

16,000

The i2.8xlarge, c3.8xlarge, and r3.8xlarge instances
do not have dedicated EBS bandwidth and therefore do not offer EBS optimization. On
these
instances, network traffic and Amazon EBS traffic share the same 10-gigabit network
interface.

Enabling EBS Optimization at Launch

You can enable optimization for an instance by setting its attribute for EBS optimization.

To enable Amazon EBS optimization when launching an instance using the console

In Step 2: Choose an Instance Type, select an instance
type that is listed as supporting Amazon EBS optimization.

In Step 3: Configure Instance Details, complete the
fields that you need and choose Launch as EBS-optimized
instance. If the instance type that you selected in the previous
step doesn't support Amazon EBS optimization, this option is not present. If the
instance type that you selected is Amazon EBS–optimized by default, this option
is selected and you can't deselect it.

Follow the directions to complete the wizard and launch your instance.

To enable EBS optimization when launching an instance using the command
line

You can use one of the following options with the corresponding command. For more
information about these command line interfaces, see Accessing Amazon EC2.

When you stop an instance, the data on any instance store volumes is erased.
To keep data from instance store volumes, be sure to back it up to persistent storage.

In the confirmation dialog box, click Yes, Stop. It can
take a few minutes for the instance to stop.

With the instance still selected, click Actions, select
Instance Settings, and then click Change
Instance Type.

In the Change Instance Type dialog box, do one of the
following:

If the instance type of your instance is Amazon EBS–optimized by
default, EBS-optimized is selected and you can't
change it. You can choose Cancel, because Amazon EBS
optimization is already enabled for the instance.

If the instance type of your instance does not support Amazon EBS
optimization, you can't choose EBS-optimized. You
can select an instance type from Instance Type that
supports Amazon EBS optimization, and then choose
EBS-optimized,
Apply.

Choose Actions, Instance State,
Start.

To enable EBS optimization for a running instance using the command line

You can use one of the following options with the corresponding command. For more
information about these command line interfaces, see Accessing Amazon EC2.