This report, written in 2002 when the U.S. and other nations were approaching a decision on whether or not to go to war with Iraq, notes that the Iraq debate is focused on the run-up to possible military action. However, the question of how the U.S. and the international community should manage post-conflict Iraq is even more consequential, as it will determine the long-term condition of Iraq and the entire Middle East. If Washington does not define its goals for Iraq and build support for them domestically and with its allies, future difficulties will overshadow any initial mil. success. This report identifies a series of guiding principles and priorities to help the Bush admin. promote reconstruction and reconciliation in Iraq and build a more secure Middle East after military conflict.