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Cyclospora infection

Cyclospora infection causes watery, and sometimes explosive, diarrhea. The one-celled parasite that causes cyclospora infection can enter your body when you ingest contaminated food or water. Fresh produce is the culprit in many cases of cyclospora infection.

Because diarrhea can be caused by many things, it can be difficult to diagnose cyclospora infection unless a specialized stool test is done. Treatment for cyclospora infection is antibiotics. Food safety precautions may help prevent the disease.

Symptoms
Causes
Risk factors
Complications
Prevention

Some people infected with the microscopic parasite that causes cyclospora infection develop no signs or symptoms. For others, signs and symptoms — which usually begin within two to 11 days of eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water — may include:

Frequent, watery diarrhea

Bouts of diarrhea alternating with bouts of constipation

Loss of appetite and weight loss

Bloating, flatulence and burping

Stomach cramps

Nausea and vomiting

Muscle aches

Fever

Fatigue — this symptom may last long after the active infection has gotten better

General feeling of unwellness (malaise)

The diarrhea may end by itself within a few days, or it may last for weeks. If you have HIV or another condition that compromises your immune system, the infection can last for months if not treated.

When to see a doctor

Many conditions can cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal signs and symptoms. If you develop persistent diarrhea that lasts several days or recurs, contact your doctor so that he or she can identify the cause and recommend treatment. If you've eaten a food that's been recalled because of a cyclospora outbreak or traveled in an area where parasites such as cyclospora are common, be sure to tell your doctor.

If you experience dehydration due to diarrhea, see your doctor. Warning signs of dehydration include:

Sunken eyes

Dry mouth and tongue

Reduced production of tears

Decreased urine output

Related

If you have a mild case of cyclospora infection, you may not need to seek medical treatment because it will clear up by itself. However, call your doctor if the illness lasts more than a few days or if it appears to be causing dehydration.

What you can do

Symptom history. Write down any symptoms you've been experiencing and for how long.

Recent exposure to possible sources of infection. Be sure to describe any international trips or any exposure to potentially contaminated foods.

Medical history. Make a list of your key medical information, including other conditions for which you're being treated and any medications, vitamins or supplements you're currently taking.

Questions to ask your doctor. Write down your questions in advance so that you can make the most of your time with your doctor.

Because there are so many possible causes of diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms, diagnosis of cyclospora infection requires a laboratory test to identify the parasite in your stool. There are no blood tests to diagnose a cyclospora infection.

Treatment for cyclospora infection is a combination antibiotic known as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra). There aren't currently any effective alternative antibiotics for people unable to take trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.