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Abstract

Off-plane x-ray reflection gratings are theoretically capable of
achieving high resolution and high diffraction efficiencies over the
soft x-ray bandpass, making them an ideal technology to implement on
upcoming x-ray spectroscopy missions. To achieve high effective area,
these gratings must be aligned into grating modules. X-ray testing was
performed on an aligned grating module to assess the current optical
alignment methods. Results indicate that the grating module achieved
the desired alignment for an upcoming x-ray spectroscopy suborbital
rocket payload with modest effective area and resolving power. These
tests have also outlined a pathway towards achieving the stricter
alignment tolerances of future x-ray spectrometer payloads, which
require improvements in alignment metrology, grating fabrication, and
testing techniques.

References

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Table 1.

Grating Orientations Relative to the Mean Orientation of the
Grating Module, with Each Value’s Error Representing
the 1σ Error on the Value’s
Deviation from the Meana

Grating

Before Shake

After Shake

Pitch

#1

12.5±10.7′′

5.7±17.7′′

#2

−1.8±17.8′′

8.3±24.4′′

#3

5.2±21.4′′

−6.7±34.1′′

#4

−16.0±33.6′′

−7.2±17.9′′

Roll

#1

−50.0±96.8′′

−46.1±93.0′′

#2

−7.8±96.5′′

−19.6±93.0′′

#3

6.8±96.5′′

13.3±92.7′′

#4

51.1±96.0′′

52.4±92.3′′

Yaw

#1

−150.3±59.2′′

−130.9±86.4′′

#2

1.3±83.1′′

37.2±168.5′′

#3

131.2±32.9′′

193.2±54.7′′

#4

17.8±96.0′′

−99.5±49.5′′

a Uncertainties in the relative roll values are a result of
the positional uncertainties of zero order and the TDM
focus on the focal plane; uncertainties in pitch and roll
are a result of the errors on the diffraction arc
fits.

Tables (4)

Table 1.

Grating Orientations Relative to the Mean Orientation of the
Grating Module, with Each Value’s Error Representing
the 1σ Error on the Value’s
Deviation from the Meana

Grating

Before Shake

After Shake

Pitch

#1

12.5±10.7′′

5.7±17.7′′

#2

−1.8±17.8′′

8.3±24.4′′

#3

5.2±21.4′′

−6.7±34.1′′

#4

−16.0±33.6′′

−7.2±17.9′′

Roll

#1

−50.0±96.8′′

−46.1±93.0′′

#2

−7.8±96.5′′

−19.6±93.0′′

#3

6.8±96.5′′

13.3±92.7′′

#4

51.1±96.0′′

52.4±92.3′′

Yaw

#1

−150.3±59.2′′

−130.9±86.4′′

#2

1.3±83.1′′

37.2±168.5′′

#3

131.2±32.9′′

193.2±54.7′′

#4

17.8±96.0′′

−99.5±49.5′′

a Uncertainties in the relative roll values are a result of
the positional uncertainties of zero order and the TDM
focus on the focal plane; uncertainties in pitch and roll
are a result of the errors on the diffraction arc
fits.