20161022156INFO221-00Agronomic and physiological assessment of nitrogen use, uptake and acquisition in sunflower22A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of N fertilization on uptake,accumulation/remobilization, use efficiency and yield of sunflower grown in alluvial plains ofnorthwestern India comprising four hybrids (PSH 996, PAC 3789, PSH 569 and SH 3322)and five N levels (Control, 40, 80, 100 and 120 kg N ha-1) in split-plot design with threereplications. Increased N fertilizer rates significantly prompted sunflower yield only up to 100kg N ha-1. Every additional kilogram of N taken up increased sunflower yield by 26 kg ha-1.Significant genetic variation for seed yield and NUE traits explicated PSH 569 as the efficientone at sub-optimal N application while PSH 996 outperformed others at N80, N100 and N120. Drymatter accumulation pattern revealed average harvest index of 30% with 29% of the biomass asstalk, 19% as leaf and 22% as thalamus. Temporal changes in N acquisition indicated most ofthe total N uptake upto 50% flowering while maximum remobilization takes place duringreproductive phase. Significant correlation between N uptake and N use efficiency parameterswith yield indicate the importance of N nutrition in sunflower; LAI (r=0.841 **), N uptake(r=0.956**), NUpE (r= -0.814**), NUtE (r= -0.787**), NUE (r=-0.802**). Variation in NUE wasmore closely associated with NUpE (r=0.996**) than NUtE (r=0.812**) and linearly decreasedwith increasing leaf greenness (R2=0.70) and total leaf area (R2=0.81). This work willcomplement other studies to establish a baseline for breeding N efficient sunflower genotypesbe grown under semi-arid tropical conditions in India and similar environments.1-109121--P.SheoranICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India.ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute,Indiasheoran76@rediffmail.com--V.SardanaPunjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana,India--SherSinghICAR-Vivekanand Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, IndiaICAR-Vivekanand Parvatiya Krishi AnusandhanIndiashersingh76@gmail.com--A.KumarICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, IndiaICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute,India--A.MannICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India.
bICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute,India--P.SharmaPunjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana,IndiaN uptakeAccumulationEfficiency indicesYieldGenotypesSunflowerEffect of irrigation water salinity, manure application and planting method on qualitative compounds of saffron (Crocus sativus L.)22The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of irrigation water salinity,cow manure levels and different planting methods on saffron quality compounds includingcrocin (coloring strength), picrocrocin (bitterness) and safranal (aromatic strength). A split-splitplot arrangement was conducted in complete randomized block design with irrigation watersalinity levels (0.45 (fresh water, S1), 1.0 (S2), 2.0 (S3) and 3.0 (S4) dS m-1) as the main plot,cow manure levels (30 (F1) and 60 (F2) Mg ha-1) as the sub plot and planting method (basin (P1)and in-furrow (P2)) as the sub-sub plot in three replications. Results showed that the saffroncoloring strength, bitterness and aromatic strength in higher salinity level decreased by 9, 1 3and 18% in comparison with the lowest salinity level, respectively. However, saffron(stile/stigmas) yield declined significantly as about 42% by increasing water salinity to highestlevel. The saffron crocin and picrocrocin concentration for the in-furrow planting method weresignificantly higher than the basin planting method by about 4 and 8%, respectively. Higherapplication rate of cow manure (60 Mg ha-1) did not promote the saffron quality compounds.Furthermore, planting methods showed no significant effect on saffron aromatic strength.Correlation analysis indicated that saffron quality compounds showed negative relationship withleaf calcium, sodium and chloride and positive relationship with leaf phosphorus, nitrogen andpotassium at 0.01 and 0.05 significant levels, Furthermore, a positive correlation between crocinand picrocrocin and saffron yield components (leaf dry matter, corm, flower and saffron yields)was observed; however, there was no significant correlation between safranal and yieldcomponents. Generally, the saffron quality compounds variations were concurrent with thesaffron quantity variations.1-123137--N.YaramiIrrigation Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R of Iran.Irrigation Department, Shiraz University,Iran--A.R.SepaskhahIrrigation Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R of IranIrrigation Department, Shiraz University,Iransepas@shirazu.ac.irCrocinIn-furrow plantingPicrocrocinSaffronSafranalSaline waterGrowth and yield response of potato genotypes to deficit irrigation22In Ardabil region potato crop needs several irrigation, however ground water supplies arebeing exhausted due to reduced precipitation and intensive irrigation. In this research droughttolerance of 10 commercial potato cultivars was studied at three irrigation treatments (100%,80% and 60% of required irrigation water) in Ardabil in a two years field study, 2013-2014.At harvest, marketable tuber yield, tuber weight per plant, mean tuber weight, tuber number perplant, percent tuber dry matter, plant height and the main stem diameter were measured. Alsothe stress indices such as water stress susceptibility (SSI), tolerance (TOL), mean productivity(MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and stress tolerance (STI) were determined and usedto select the tolerant cultivars to water deficit. There were significant differences amongirrigation treatments, cultivars and cultivars × irrigation treatments for all studied traits; betweenyears and interaction of years × cultivars for marketable tuber yield, tuber weight per plant,mean tuber weight and tuber numbers per plant. The cultivar Satina produced the highestmarketable tuber yield, tuber weight per plant, mean tuber weight and plant height and also hadhigher MP, GMP and STI indices in all three irrigation treatments, therefore, it can berecommended for cultivation under water deficit condition. Cultivar Caesar showed the lowestSSI and TOL indices under both mild and severe water deficit conditions, therefore it can beused in breeding programs for developing drought–tolerant potato cultivars. Under both mildand severe stress conditions a high correlation was found between marketable tuber yield andplant height, but a negative correlation existed between mean tuber weight and tuber number perplant. Cultivar Savalan showed the highest tuber dry matter content.1-139157--A.NouriFaculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranFaculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi UniversityIran--A.NezamiFaculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranFaculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi UniversityIrannezami@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir--M.KafiFaculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi UniversityIran--D.HassanpanahArdabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station, Ardabil, IRANArdabil Agricultural and Natural ResourcesIranPotato cultivarsWater deficitYieldStress indicesActual impacts of global warming on winter wheat yield in Eastern Himalayas22Himalayas, are among the areas most vulnerable to global warming, however, little is knownabout warming impacts on the crops. Therefore, the actual affects of anticipated warming onwinter wheat were tested in Tibet, China. During the period 1988-2012, Tibet region hasexperienced a large increase in daily mean, minimum and maximum temperatures during wheatgrowing seasons by 0.50, 0.67 and 0.51 oC every ten years, respectively. The de-trended wheatyield increased by 34.4 kg ha-1 year-1 during this period. According to the historical data, 1 oCincrease in daily mean temperature could get 370.6 kg ha−1 gain in wheat yield. Similar gains inwheat yield were found in a field warming experiment with an increase of 1.1 oC in daily meantemperature. The field warming caused a significant reduction in the pre-anthesis phase andentire growth period by 14 and 13 days, respectively. The green leaf areas and spike number inthe warmed plots were significantly higher than that in non-warmed plots, while the grainnumber per spike was significantly lower in the former than the later (P<0.05). The mainmechanism underlying the positive affects of this moderate warming on wheat yield is throughimproving plant development and growth during the pre-anthesis phase by mitigating the lowtemperature limitation. This study suggests that further efforts should be directed towards theimprovement on agriculture infrastructure to utilize the positive affects of climatic warming oncrop production.1-159174--Ch.ZhengInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of
Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese AcademyChina--Ch.ChenInstitute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaInstitute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing AgriculturalChina--X.ZhangInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of
Agriculture, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese AcademyChina--Zh.SongInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of
Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese AcademyChina--A.DengInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of
Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese AcademyChina--B.ZhangInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of
Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese AcademyChina--L.WangTibet Vocational Technical College, Lhasa 850000, ChinaTibet Vocational Technical College, LhasaChina--N.MaoInstitute of Agricultural Sciences of Lhasa, Lhasa 850000, China.Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Lhasa,China--W.ZhangInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of
Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese AcademyChinazhangweijian@caas.cnClimate ChangeFood securityFree air temperature increaseTibetan PlateauWheat croppingModification of the saffron model for growth and yield prediction under different irrigation water salinity, manure application and planting methods22The Saffron Yield Estimation Model (SYEM) was modified for salinity conditions, cowmanure application and planting methods using two-year experiments data in Badjgah region ofIran. A split-split plot arrangement was conducted in complete randomized block design duringtwo years with irrigation water salinity levels (0.45 (fresh water, S1), 1.0 (S2), 2.0 (S3) and 3.0(S4) dS m-1) as the main plot, cow manure levels (30 (F1) and 60 (F2) Mg ha-1) as the sub plotand planting method (basin (P1) and in-furrow (P2)) as the sub-sub plot in three replications.Data of the second and first growing season were used to calibrate and validate the modifiedmodel, respectively. In the modified SYEM model, the soil salinity was estimated. Based on theNRMSE and d indices, the modified SYEM model presented a very good to fair estimation ofactual evapotranspiration, evaporation, transpiration, soil water content and salinity, leaf drymatter, corm and saffron yields. The advantage of this model is its simplicity and easycalibration in other climate conditions for saffron crop. Prediction of saffron yield by this modelcan be used for better irrigation salinity management under different manure application levelsand planting methods.1-175195--N.YaramiIrrigation Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R of IranIrrigation Department, Shiraz University,Iran--A.R.SepaskhahIrrigation Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R of IranIrrigation Department, Shiraz University,Iransepas@shirazu.ac.irEvapotranspirationManure applicationSaffron modelingSaline waterSaffron yieldPlanting methodEffect of irrigation water salinity, manure application and planting method on soil ions variation and ions uptake by saffron (Crocus sativus L.)22The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of irrigation water salinity,cow manure levels and different planting methods on ions variation in soil and their uptake bysaffron. A split-split plot arrangement was conducted in a randomized complete block designwith irrigation water salinity levels (0.45 (fresh water, S1), 1.0 (S2), 2.0 (S3) and 3.0 (S4) dS m-1)as the main plot, cow manure levels (30 (F1) and 60 (F2) Mg ha-1) as the subplot and plantingmethod (basin (P1) and in-furrow (P2)) as the sub-subplot with three replications. Resultsshowed that the concentration of sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), chloride (Cl-), potassium (K+),sulphate (SO42-) ions in soil was increased significantly with increasing water salinity levels.These variations were in accordance with ECe variations that were 2.6 times in S4 comparedwith S1 treatment. However, the soil nitrate (NO3-N) decreased in the highest irrigation salinitylevel by about 30% compared with the lowest salinity level in two growing seasons. Theseelement concentrations were significantly higher in F2 treatment in comparison with F1 due toaddition of these ions by higher application rate of cow manure to soil. There was no significantdifference between element concentrations in soil for two planting methods. Increasing salinityto the highest level significantly increased the saffron leaf concentration of Na+, Ca2+ and Cl- byabout 4.0, 1.4 and 1.5 times, respectively. Increasing salinity resulted in decrease in K+, nitrogen(N) and phosphorus (P) concentration in saffron leaf by about 30, 20 and 39% under the highestwater salinity level, respectively. The in-furrow planting method significantly led to increase inK+, N and P concentration in plant by about 10, 3 and 8% in comparison with the basin planting,respectively. Also, higher manure application rate as 60 Mg ha-1 significantly increased plant Nand P concentration by about 12 and 20% in two growing seasons, respectively.1-197219--N.YaramiWater Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R of Iran.Water Engineering Department, College ofIranyarami_n@yahoo.com--A.R.SepaskhahWater Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R of Iran.Water Engineering Department, College ofIransepas@shimzu.ac.irFertilizer levelIons concentrationIrrigation water salinityPlanting methodSaffronSoil salinityPhysiological processes associated with high yield traits in modern rice varieties22Understanding the physiological processes associated with high yield traits in modern cropvarieties is essential to further increase grain yield and improve nutrient management strategies.Field trials were conducted to study the effects of fertilization and variety on the grain yield ofrice (Oryza sativa L.) with two fertilizer levels and 18 modern varieties. The objectives were toevaluate yield components, time courses of dry matter production and time courses of N, P2O5and K2O accumulation among different yield categories and to determine physiologicalprocesses associated with yield-trait relationships. Variation among varieties had a considerableimpact on rice grain yield, regardless of fertilization. Close correlations were observed betweengrain yield and effective panicles, dry matter production and N, P2O5 and K2O accumulation.Differences in dry matter production and P2O5 accumulation among different yield categoriesbegan at anthesis; differences in N and K2O accumulation emerged earlier. It can be concludedthat consistent increases in dry matter production (especially post-anthesis) and N, P2O5 andK2O accumulation are crucial for further improvements in rice yield-trait relationships.1-221231--X.K.LiCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land
Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.College of Resources and Environment, HuazhongChina--P.W.HillSchool of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UKSchool of Environment, Natural ResourcesChina--Y.C.LiCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land
Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.College of Resources and Environment, HuazhongChina--Y.WangCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land
Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.College of Resources and Environment, HuazhongChina--T.RenCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land
Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.College of Resources and Environment, HuazhongChina--R.H.CongCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land
Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.College of Resources and Environment, HuazhongChina--J.W.LuCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land
Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.College of Resources and Environment, HuazhongChinalunm@mail.hzau.edu.cnDry matter productionNutrients uptakeVarietyFertilizationRiceAssessing SALTMED model for wheat experiments irrigated with basin and sprinkler systems22Comprehensive agricultural models are crucial for assisting several decision makingprocesses due to their capability for use under different conditions. SALTMED is a holisticgeneric model, which simulates yield, dry matter and soil water content under differentirrigation managements and systems. The aim of this study was to calibrate the SALTMEDmodel to simulate wheat yield, dry matter and soil water content of two different fieldexperiments using different irrigation amounts and systems, namely sprinkler and basinirrigation systems. For both irrigation systems, experimentation was conducted for twoconsecutive years. For the sprinkler irrigation system, three irrigation treatments (wet, mediumand dry) were considered. For the basin irrigation system, 50, 75 and 100% of the irrigationrequirement were applied as irrigation treatments. The SALTMED model reasonably predictedthe wheat yield and dry matter for both irrigation methods by small tuning of crop coefficientsand some growth parameters. Besides, a good agreement between observed and simulated soilmoisture content was obtained for both experiments with different irrigation treatments andsystems. Comparison of the soil moisture prediction for the two different irrigation methodsrevealed that the SALTMED model simulated the soil moisture content better under thesprinkler system. It is concluded that SALTMED model performed better under sprinklersystem rather than basin irrigation system.1-233250--F.RazzaghiAssistant professor and graduated MSc. Student, respectively, Water Engineering Department, Agricultural College, Shiraz
University, IranAssistant professor and graduated MSc. Student,Iranrazzaghi@shirazu.ac.ir--T.GhannadiAssistant professor and graduated MSc. Student, respectively, Water Engineering Department, Agricultural College, Shiraz
University, Iran.Assistant professor and graduated MSc. Student,IranParameterizationYielddry matterSoil moisture contentWater stress, nano silica, and digoxin effects on minerals, chlorophyll index, and growth in ryegrass22Water shortage worldwide mandates minimum use of irrigation water with maximumefficiency and productivity in all agricultural crops, landscape plants and turf. The objective inthis experiment was to study the effect of two levels of evapotranspiration-based (ETc) droughtin combination with two levels of nanosilicon dioxide (SiO2; NanSi1=1 mM and NanSi=2 mM),two levels of digoxin (Dig1=0.25 mg.l-1 and Dig2=0.5 mg.l-1) and Dig1 plus NanSi1 onmineral nutrient concentration, chlorophyll index, visual performance of perennial ryegrass(loliumperenne) under climatic conditions of the southwest Idaho in the Intermountain WestRegions of the United States. Clippings with 50% ETc had higher percentage dry weight butlower chlorophyll index and visual rating than those with 75%. Clippings of 75% ETc treatmenthad significantly higher concentrations of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), zinc (Zn) and copper(Cu) but lower sodium (Na), than those of 50% ETc treatment. Considering all mineral nutrientvalues, chlorophyll indices and visual performance ratings, we conclude that application of 75%ETc is sufficient for maintaining a healthy lawn with satisfactory appearance while we can save25% water as compared to application of water at 100%. Root growth was not affected by anyof these treatments. Based on the results of this study, applications of NanSi1 or Dig1, eitherindividually or simultaneously, can slow the process of quality decline in perennial ryegrass turfunder extremely severe drought conditions.1-251264--S.MahdaviPh.D. Graduate studentconducting thesis research jointly between Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering,
University of Tehran, Iran, and University of Idaho, USA.Ph.D. Graduate studentconducting thesis researchIran--M.KafiDepartment of Horticultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran,
Karaj, Iran.Department of Horticultural Science and EngineerinIranmkafi@ut.ac.ir--E.FallahiUniversity of Idaho, Parma Research and Extension Center, 29603 U of I Lane, Parma, ID, USAUniversity of Idaho, Parma Research and ExtensionIranefallahi@uidaho.edu--M.ShokrpourDepartment of Horticultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran,
Karaj, Iran.Department of Horticultural Science and EngineerinIran--L.TabriziDepartment of Horticultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran,
Karaj, Iran.Department of Horticultural Science and EngineerinIranDroughtLawn qualityLoliumperenneNano particleTurf physiologyWater shortage