Bird Checklists of the United States

Birds of Cape May County

Cape May, New Jersey

CAPE MAY NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE-OVERVIEW

Cape May National Wildlife refuge is one of the newest refuges in the National Wildlife
Refuge System. It was established in January 1989. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
acquired the refuge's first (90-acre) parcel from the Nature Conservancy in June of that
year. Since then the refuge has grown to more than 8,000 acres, as the Service continues
to buy land. And we are still growing! Ultimately, the refuge will protect 16,700 acres
of precious wildlife habitat in New Jersey's Cape May Peninsula. Cape May National Wild-
life Refuge's key location in the Atlantic Flyway makes it an important link in the vast
nationwide network of national wildlife refuges administered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife
Service. It will ensure availability of critical habitat to hundreds of thousands of
migratory birds each year, as these long-distance flyers travel along the New Jersey coast.

Because of its importance to migratory waterfowl, the Cape May refuge has been designated
a "Flagship Project" of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan: a far-reaching inter-
national agreement to conserve and restore millions of acres of wetland habitats throughout
the United States, Canada, and Mexico. This massive project is a partnership of private
individuals and businesses, conservation organizations, and state and federal agencies.

At the local level, the refuge also plays an active role in the long-term protection of a
vital, multi-agency-administered greenbelt corridor reaching from the Delaware Bay to Great
Egg Harbor Bay.

The refuge has two separate divisions. The Delaware Bay Division is located in Middle Town-
ship, and extends along five miles of the Delaware Bay. The Great Cedar Swamp Division
straddles Dennis and Upper Townships.

The 16,700-acre proposed acquisition area contains a wide range of habitats, including
upland and lowland forests, fields, barrier beach, salt marsh and salt meadows cut through
by meandering tidal creeks.

WILDLIFE

Cape May National Wildlife Refuge provides critical habitat to a wide variety of migratory
birds and other wildlife. It supports 317 bird species, 42 mammal species, 55 reptile and
amphibian species, and numerous fish, shellfish and other invertebrates. Its value for the
protection of migratory birds and their habitat will continue to grow as other lands along
the Jersey Shore are turned into roads, shopping centers and housing developments.

Cape May Peninsula's unique configuration and location concentrate songbirds, raptors, and
woodcocks as they funnel south to Cape May Point during their fall migration. Faced with 12
miles of water to cross at the Delaware bay, migrants linger in the area to rest and feed
until favorable winds allow them to cross the Bay or head north along the Bay's eastern shore.

SHOREBIRDS

The refuge's five-mile stetch along the Delaware Bay is a major resting and feeding area for
migrating shorebirds each spring. The Delaware Bay shoreline has gained international recog-
nition as a major shorebird staging area in North America, second only to the Copper River
Delta in Alaska. Each year hundreds of thousands of shorebirds - nearly 80 percent of some
populations - stop to rest and feed here during their spring migration from Central and South
America to their Arctic breeding grounds.

The arrival at Cape May of more than twenty shorebird species - primarily red knots, ruddy
turnstones, sanderlings, and semipalmated sandpipers - coincides with the horseshoe crab
spawning season, which occurs in May/early June. The crab eggs provide an abundant food
supply which these long-distance flyers use to replenish their energy reserves before moving
on. (In May virtually the entire North American red knot population gathers along Cape May
Peninsula beaches!)

Because of the Delaware Bay Estuary's value to waterfowl, shorebirds and wading birds, in 1992
it was designated a Wetland of International Improtance, under the The Convention on Wetlands
of International Importance - otherwise known as the Ramsar Convention.

SONGBIRDS/NEOTROPICAL MIGRANTS

Neotropical migrants - birds that spend their summers in Canada and the U.S., and their winters
in Mexico, the Carribean, Central America, and South America - use Cape May Peninsula's varied
habitats in great abundance during their long and difficult migrations. Due to loss of habitat
throughout much of their range, many of these species have been in ongoing decline. Almost
100 neotropical songbird species stop to rest and feed along the Cape May Peninsula, most often
using forest habitats. Many songbird species also nest here - inlcuding ovenbirds, veerys,
wood thrushes, yellow-throated vireos, and cerulean warblers. When Cape May National Wildlife
Refuge's proposed acquisitions are completed, approximately 12,500 of its 16,700 acres will be
forests and fields - providing critical resources for these tiny long-distance travelers.

RAPTORS

Cape May Peninsula is renowned for its spectacular raptor migrations each fall. During this
period great numbers of 15 raptor species are commonly seen, including peregrine falcons,
ospreys, northern harriers, American kestrels, Cooper's and sharp-shinned hawks. Because many
raptors do not choose to cross such large bodies of water as the Delaware Bay, many use the
bayshore upland forest edge as a migration corridor.

All raptor species found in southern New Jersey occur on the refuge. Some, like the red-tailed
hawk, frequent the refuge year round. Owl populations make extensive use of Cape May's
woodland habitats in winter, and some species - such as the barred owl - also nest here.

WOODCOCK

During fall migration, these unique upland shorebirds concentrate in massive numbers in Cape
May's moist woodlands and thickets. They use such habitats for foraging, replenishing their
fat reserves by eating more than their weight in earthworms daily. On the Altantic Coast only
Cape Charles, Virginia hosts comparable concentrations of woodcock. The refuge provides
excellent resting and feeding habitat for this interesting species. (The woodcock - also known
in some parts of the country as a "timber doodle" - walks as though it were doing the rumba.)

Swamp pink - a unique lily family member which is on the Federal List of Endangered and
Threatened Plants and Animals - also occurs on the refuge, as do 34 State-listed plant species.

FISHERY RESOURCES

Cape May National Wildlife Refuge's marshes and tidal creeks provide important nursery areas
and nutrient resources for many popular species of finfish and shellfish, including summer
flounder, weakfish, striped bass, blue crabs and lady crabs. These fisheries provide abundant
resources for wildlife, as well as for people. Seventy percent of the species sought by
recreational and commercial fishermen depend on shallow water habitats for at least part of
their life cycle.

REFUGE WETLAND VALUES

While more than half the wetlands in the United States have been destroyed, many people still
wonder why we should protect our wetland resources. The refuge's protected wetlands not only
provide critical resources for fish, wildlife and plants. They also provide many benefits for
people. They hold up storm surge and flood waters, this protecting communities behind them;
they discharge ground water supplies even during the drier times, when we most need it; they
protect our water quality by filtering out impurities. The aesthetic and recreational
pleasures, the educational benefits these dwindling, unique habitats provide for us are very
important.

ENJOYING THE REFUGE

Refuge visitors are welcome to enjoy a wide range of wildlife-dependent activities here. The
refuge headquarters is located at 24 Kimbles Beach Road in Cape May Court House, and is open
weekdays from 8 a.m. - 4 p.m.

Since the refuge is so new, there are few public use facilities in place. Existing foot trails
through the refuge's varied habitats provide excellent opportunities for bird watching, photo-
graphy, and enviromental education. (In fact, Cape May Peninsula has been described as one of
the ten top birding spots in North America!) We suggest trails at the end of Bobwhite Lane and
Woodcock Lane, off Route 47 in Middle Township. Best wildlife viewing opportunities occur in
Spring and Fall.

Currently seasonal deer and migratory game bird hunting are allowed in designated areas of the
refuge, under State and Federal regulations. Please contact refuge headquarters for additional
information, regulations and maps.

During hunting seasons, which may occur September through February, visitors should be aware
that mixed uses occur on the refuge.