The maker of Polaroid cameras is suing wearable-camera maker GoPro Inc. for allegedly infringing on its patent for cube-shaped cameras, a dispute between old and new in the industry that poses another problem for GoPro’s latest product.

C&A Marketing Inc., the exclusive maker of Polaroid-branded cameras, filed a patent lawsuit against GoPro on Tuesday in U.S. District Court in Newark, N.J. C&A alleges GoPro’s Hero4 Session camera illegally copies the design of C&A’s Polaroid Cube camera, for which C&A obtained...