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CHAP. 12.—RAISINS, OR ASTAPHIS: FOURTEEN REMEDIES.

Raisins, the name given to which is "astaphis," would be
injurious to the stomach, abdomen, and intestines, were it not
for the stones within them, which act as a corrective.1 When
the stones are removed, raisins, it is thought, are beneficial to
the bladder, and good for cough:2 in the last case, the raisin
of the white grape is considered the best. Raisins are good
also for the trachea and the kidneys, and the wine made from
them is particularly efficacious for the sting of the serpent
called hæmorrhoïs.3 In combination with meal of cummin or
coriander, they are employed topically for inflammations of the
testes. For carbuncles and diseases of the joints, the stones
are removed, and the raisins are pounded with rue; if used
for ulcers, the sores must be first fomented with wine.

Used with the stones, raisins are a cure for epinyctis, honeycomb ulcers,4 and dysentery; and for gangrenes they are applied
topically with radish rind and honey, being first boiled in oil.
They are used with panax,5 for gout and loose nails; and they
are sometimes eaten by themselves, in combination with pep-
per, for the purpose of cleansing the mouth and clearing the
brain.

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