Other Events of 1864

The first political cartoon by a Japanese artist, appearing in a Japanese publication, is believed to be one published in this year. Appearing in the Nihon bôeki shinbun, a translation of the English-language newspaper Japan Commercial News, the cartoon depicts a man with his decapitated head in his hands, and is meant to refer to the self-destructive results of the anti-foreign actions of Chôshû han (see Bombardment of Shimonoseki).