The Olympic Games in London

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The Olympic
Games in London
Tanayanc Svetlana
Tsaturyan Larisa
Drapchenko Vika
School 21
London will become the first city to host the Olympic Games for the third time
(previously they were held in the capital of England in 1908 and 1948.). In
competitions will take part 10.5 thousand athletes and 4.2 thousand Paralympians
from 205 countries of the world. For the sports event of this scale in the Eastern part
of London is being built Олимпийскй Park, the main buildings of which will be the
Olympic Stadium, Aqua, and, of course, the Olympic Village. Billions of pounds
have been spent to make the place of the event more accessible and convenient,
expand the transport network and infrastructure. Officially went on sale of 8.8
million tickets to the Olympic games for those wishing to personally to observe of a
course of the competitions, but the latest estimates of the number of applications
exceeds the number of tickets in more than 2 times (about 20 million), and this
means that the tickets for the many sporting events will be distributed randomly .
One of the most colourful events of the Olympic games will be the opening and
closing ceremonies, an indispensable attribute of which will be the Olympic Flame the permanent symbol of Olympic Games, calling for peace, unity and friendship.
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The Olympic Flame and the Relay race were important elements of the
rituals that accompanied the Games in Ancient Greece. During the
competition the sacred flame is constantly supported in the temple of the
goddess Hera. The heralds were sent to all corners of the state, to declare
the beginning of the Games and to declare the sacred truce. Modern
Olympic Games have always begin with the Olympic torch Relay, which
is lit by the sun rays in the temple of the goddess Hera in Olympia in
Greece, the birthplace of the ancient events. After a short relay in Greece
Fire is transferred to the new capital of the Olympic Games at the stadium
Panathinaikos in Athens, where the first modern Olympic Games. Then
the Fire is delivered to the host country, where is transferred from one
torchbearer to another, spreading appeal to the world, as well as
combinations of culture and sports. Finishes its journey of the Olympic
Flame at the opening ceremony, heralding the official start of the
Olympic Games. The last факелоносец transmits the Fire from his hands
to the place where he will continue to burn throughout the Olympics,
after which it will be paid off at the closing ceremony
The service is provided by bwin International Ltd., registered in Gibraltar with all necessary
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As always, lighted during the traditional ceremony in Greece, the Olympic Flame will do a short
baton in this country and will arrive to the United Kingdom on may 18, 2012. The Olympic torch
relay in great Britain will last for 70 days, and the great honor of carrying the Olympic Flame will
fall on the share of 8 000 torchbearers. This opportunity comes once in a lifetime, and this time
the contest for participation in the relay will be opened in may, 2011, giving practically every
resident of the United Kingdom of a chance to take part in the historical opening ceremony of
XXX Olympic games. One of the prerequisites of the Olympic Games in London 2012г. is an
attraction to a healthy lifestyle of the new generation, so more than half of the torchbearers will
be young people.
And then fireworks, music, dancing, stars of the world scene and the most famous athletes
from all corners of the globe, United by the spectacular show, which will look up every third
inhabitant of the planet. The main idea of the ceremonies will be the glorification of the Olympic
and Paralympic values and the spirit of unity and friendship between different Nations. Well, to
find out more - will have to come to London, after all all the details of the show are held in the
strictest of confidence.
Summer Olympic Games of 1908, took place in
London (Great Britain) from April 27 to October 31,
1908. 110 sets of medals in 22 sports were played.
2008 athletes that is more, than for all previous
Games, together taken took part in these Games.
They represented 22 teams (athletes of New
Zealand which didn't have the NOK, acted in
common with athletes of Australia under the name
Australasia).
City choice.
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London had chances to hold at itself the very first
summer Olympic Games 1896. However at the first
session of the International Olympic Committee (IOC)
the preference was given to Athens as it was decided
that the first Games have to take place in Greece.
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At the 6th session, which took place in London from
June 20 to June 22, 1904 (during summer Olympic
Games 1904 in Saint Louis) the issue of carrying out
the IV Olympic Games was resolved. Three cities
applied for acceptance of competitions ? Berlin
(Germany), Milan and Rome (both is Italy), and the
choice fell on the capital of Italy.
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The president the IOC, baron Pierre
de Coubertin, in a question of
carrying out competitions was
supported by Pope Pius X, the king
of Italy Victor Emmanuil III and the
mayor of Rome, however against
prime minister Giovanni Dzholitti
acted. Under pressure of Milan and
Turin he declared need of the
solution of many other state
problems and lack of funds for
preparation of Games. Besides, in
1906 there was a volcanic eruption
Vesuvius from which the city of
Naples strongly suffered that caused
still heavy budgetary expenses. As a
result of Dzholitti declared refusal of
the organization of competitions.
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In two years the IOC had to find the
suitable city urgently.
Representatives of Committee met
William Grenfell, the first chairman
of the British Olympic Council, and
king Edward VII on informal
Olympic Games 1906 in Athens. It
was offered to them to hold
competitions in London, on what
they agreed. Grenfell offered this
idea to the British Olympic Council
which accepted it, and on
November 19, 1906 he sent the
letter International Olympic to
committee with a consent to
carrying out Games.
Organization of Games.
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Because of a small amount of time for preparation of Games (it is
less than two years) organizers led by William Grenfell made the
decision to hold competitions in parallel with the French-British
exhibition in spite of the fact that Pierre de Coubertin was against
carrying out the Olympic Games at the same time with other
international actions.
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Organizers needed to construct stadium suitable for Games
urgently. The organizing committee suggested management of the
Exhibition to be engaged in construction in exchange for 75% of the
income from tickets, and the agreement was signed on November
14, 1907. The total cost of construction of stadium White City on 66
000 places made 220 000 pounds sterling.
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By June, 1908 there was a new problem ? for some weeks prior to the main
competitions the organizing committee didn't have 10 000 pounds sterling. He had to
declare need of donations. Prince Welsh George, owners of the Daily Mail newspaper,
a family of the American millionaire Cornelius Vanderbilt and even the French
government responded to an appeal. As a result, in two weeks 16 000 pounds sterling
were collected.
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In plans of organizers there was a participation about 2666 athletes, however there
arrived only 2008 people. It was offered to hold golf, equestrian sport, cricket and
bandy competitions, but they weren't included in the program. Boxing originally wasn't
meant as one more Olympic sport, but tournaments on it nevertheless took place. The
organizing committee also considered idea about inclusion of competitions on art ?
architecture, painting, literature, a sculpture and music, but this idea was embodied
only on the following Olympic Games in Stockholm.
Opening of Games.
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Official opening ceremony of Games took place at stadium White City on
July 13 though the first competitions began already on April 27 and by this
moment 25 sets of medals were played.
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On ceremony arrived a great number of notable people both from all Great
Britain, and from other part of Europe. At 15:49 on stadium there arrived
king Edward VII together with the wife Aleksandra. After that fanfares
sounded and William Grenfell asked the king: "Declares its majesty the IV
Olympic Games open? ", on what the monarch told: "I declare Olympic
Games of London open". Then the orchestra of grenadiers played the
anthem of Great Britain, and 18 national teams which have gathered for
ceremony, took part in parade round stadium, thus for the first time bearing
national flags. The national teams of participants marched in alphabetical
order the countries in English. The Finnish standard-bearer passed without
a flag as in Russia forbade athletes to act under the flag of Finland, and to
march under Russian they refused.
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Passing near a royal box, standard-bearers lifted flags in honor of Edward
VII. Only who refused to make it, was delegation of the USA as organizers
by mistake hung up banners of China and Japan which didn't take part in
Games instead of the American and Swedish flags.
Rewarding of prize-winners.
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The awards ceremony of prize-winners of Games took
place on July 28. On it medals were handed over to
winners of July competitions. King Edward VII has to
award prizes, but he annoyed by behavior of the
American athletes at opening ceremony, refused to
participate.
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Instead of it gold medals Alexander's his wife gave to
winners, silver awards ? the duchess of Rutland
Cathleen Tennart, bronze ? Catharine Grosvernor, the
duchess of Westminster. William Grenfell Ethel Feyn's
wife presented diplomas and diplomas.
Diploma of the winner of Olympic
Games 1908.
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Besides, 12 cups had to be handed
over to winners of separate
disciplines, but this day nine were
handed over only ? to Henry Taylor
for a victory in swimming on 1500 m;
the national team of Great Britain on
the water polo, won tournament; to
the French team which has become
best in command competition on
swords; To Charles Bartlett for a
victory in 100-kilometer bicycle race;
To Walter Ivingu, the winner in bench
firing; To John Heyes who has run a
marathon with a new Olympic record;
To Alberto Bralya, the champion in
personal championship in gymnastics;
To Martin Sheridan who has
protected the title in a throwing of a
disk and Richard Veis, the
heavyweight fighter of the GreekRoman style which has beaten all in
the weight category. Cups in the boat
racing, the best national team on
soccer and the best team in sailing
were given to the best crew of the
eights later.
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Additional prizes were
awarded to Italian
Dorando Piyetri who
didn't reach the
marathon finish some
meters, and to many
officials for the
organization of
Games.
Closing of Games.
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The closing ceremony as that wasn't.
Instead of it, in day of the termination of
the French-British exhibition on October
31, after a final on field hockey, the festive
banquet in one of restaurants in the center
of London was given. Officials and the
athletes who have remained in the city
gathered on it, all there were 450 ? 500
people. They acted with speeches,
discussing results of Games.
Marathon.
One of participants of marathon running, the Italian confectioner Dorando Pyetri, decided to improve the
result by means of brandy with strychnine which in small doses possesses stimulating effect. The Italian
athlete secretly drank halfway, but, probably, didn't calculate a dose. Having run in the first on White
City stadium where there was a finish, the athlete lost orientation and ran not to a finishing tape, and to
the opposite side. To it specified the correct direction, but for 70 m to the line of the finish of Dorando
Pyetri fell, having fainted. Two viewers lifted the athlete, revived and helped to reach a finishing tape.
The rules forbidding application of a dope, at that time didn't exist yet. But the athlete didn't receive a
medal as it was disqualified for assistance use. American Johnny Heys appeared the winner of running.
Dorando Pyetri spent some days on a hospital bed and even caused sympathy of the British queen
Aleksandra who on own initiative handed over to the athlete "consolation prize" ? the copy of the gold
Olympic cup which has been handed over to the winner of a marathon in addition to a medal.
Run.
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In running on 400 m British Wyndam Holsvel who in semifinal start
established a world record ? 48,2 sec. was considered as the favourite. In
the ending besides the British three members of the national team of the
USA ran: John Carpenter, John Taylor and William Robbins. The most part
of race Robbins was in the lead, after him John Carpenter ran, however for
100 m to the finish the British started escaping forward. That occurred
further, the American and British sources still tell differently. According to
the British version, John Carpenter widely placed elbows and Holsvela
sideways (at that time the running sector wasn't marked on separate paths
for each athlete) tried to push aside. According to the American version,
Carpenter ran as it is necessary and disturbed nobody. Anyway, one of the
British arbitrators placed along a running circle, shouted that noticed
violation, the judge on the finish declared running invalid and tore a finishing
tape. Scandal with mutual insults, threats and attempts of physical impact
on opponents burst. The British judges disqualified John Carpenter and
debarred him from the Olympic actions. New start was appointed, however
the head coach of the national team of the USA James Sullivan forbade
John Taylor and William Robbins to participate in running. The British
athlete ran 400 m in proud loneliness and received a gold medal. After that
incident the IOC entered an obligatory marking of a running circle and
penalties for a spade on others path.
Wyndam Holsvel.
Sports
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Rowing
Field hockey
Football
Boxing
Fight
Figure skating
Cycling
Fencing
Water polo
Tennis
Power boating
Archery
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Jeu de Paume
Shooting
Lacrosse
Gymnastics
Athletics
The Racket
Sailing
Rugby
Tug of war
Jumping into water
Swimming
Polo
London 1948
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The XIV Summer Olympic
games were held in London in
the UK. This is the first
Olympic games after a 12year break, caused by the
Second world war. The
previous games were held in
Berlin.
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City-organizer of London, United
Kingdom
Participating countries 59
The number of athletes 4099 (3714 men,
385 women)
Awarding medals 136 sets in 17 kinds of
sports
The opening ceremony on July 29, 1948
Opened George VI
The closing ceremony of the August 14,
1948
The Olympic flame of John mark
The Olympic oath Donald Финлей
Wembley Stadium
? Participants
Took part in the games 59 countries, a record for
the Olympic games. Participants were 4104 athlete:
3714 men and 390 women. Germany and Japan as
the country, which had unleashed the Second world
war, were excluded from the IOC and do not have
the right to participate in the Olympics. The USSR
received an invitation to the games, however,
decided not to send its delegation and postponed its
participation to 1952. For the first time participated
teams from Venezuela, Lebanon, Myanmar
(Burma), Syria, Puerto Rico, and Sri Lanka
(Ceylon).
The emblem of the XIV summer
Olympic games
Medal XIV summer Olympic games
Stadium during the Olympic games, London,
United Kingdom in 1948.
Innovations
For the first time in the history of the
Olympic sprinters started running from the
launch pad.
? For the first time the games have been
broadcast on national television.
? For the first time was created volunteer
program for assistance in the organization
of the games.
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London 2012
The Olympic games 2012
The thirties summer
Olympic games, held in
London, capital of Britain,
from 27 July to 12 August
2012.
London was the first city,
which took the Olympic
games for the third time
(before that they were there
in 1908 and 1948).
Opening ceremony
The opening ceremony
took place on 27 July at
the new, specially built for
the games, 80-seat
Olympic stadium and was
called ?Island of
wonders? of the Game
opened the Queen of
great Britain Elizabeth II.
Closing ceremony
The closing ceremony
of the Olympic games,
which was called
?Symphony of British
music?, took place on 12
August at the Olympic
stadium.
Emblem
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The image consists of four
parts, in the form of an
irregular polygon, which
symbolize the digits of the
year of the Olympiad- ?2?,
?0?, ?1?, ?2?. In one of the
parts contain the word
?London?, and the other is a
picture of the Olympic rings.
The logo was developed for
about a year the company
Wolff Olins and cost 400
thousand pounds sterling.
Talismans
The mascots of the Games
were announced on may 19,
2010. They are, according to the
authors, two drops of steel from
Bolton on behalf of Wenlock and
Mandeville . They are named in
honour of the city MAh-Wenlock ,
in which were the first
competitions like the Olympic
games, and the hospital of the
Wenlock
town of Stoke-Mandeville , where
were held the first in the UK
competitions like the Paralympic
games.
Mandeville
Medals
The diameter of the same
coin will be about 85 mm and
7 mm in thickness. Weight of
one award will be about 375400 grams. It is the largest
medals in the history of the
Games, informs Sky Sports.
Just for the Olympics was
released approximately 2,100
medals.
Anthem
The official hymn of the
Olympic games in London
became the song of the Survival
of the group Muse. The song
sounded at the opening of the
Olympics, as well as in all the
ceremonies of awarding
athletes. The song became the
main theme for international
television screen savers
Olympic games.
The Olympic torch relay
The Olympic torch
relay summer Olympic
games of 2012 was held
from may 19 to 27 July
2012, until the opening
of the Olympic games.
Relay race was held on
the territory of the United
Kingdom, were also
visited the crown lands
of Jersey, Guernsey and
the Isle of man and the
Republic of Ireland.
Sports
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Rowing
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Badminton
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Basketball
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Boxing
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Fight
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Cycling
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Track racing
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Road racing
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Mountain Bike
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BMX
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Water Polo
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Swimming
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Diving
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Synchronized swimming ?
Volleyball
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Beach Volleyball
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Handball
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Canoeing and kayaking
Whitewater slalom
Gymnastics
Rhythmic gymnastics
Tramp lining
Judo
Equestrian sport
Athletics
Table tennis
Sailing
Modern pentathlon
Shooting
Archery
Tennis
Triathlon
Taekwondo
Weightlifting
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Fencing
Football
Field hockey
Thank you for your
attention!