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Germany's Thyssenkrupp and India's Tata Steel signed a final agreement on Saturday to establish a long-expected steel joint venture, the European steel industry's biggest shake-up in more than a decade.

The deal comes after months of negotiations since an initial agreement was announced in September. Both companies hope it will help them respond to challenges in the volatile steel industry, including overcapacity.

The largest European steel deal since the takeover of Arcelor by Mittal in 2006, the 50-50 joint venture - to be named Thyssenkrupp Tata Steel - will have around 48,000 workers and about €17 billion (Dh72.97bn) in sales.

Based in the Netherlands, it will be the continent's second-largest steelmaker after ArcelorMittal. It forms the core of Thyssenkrupp CEO Heinrich Hiesinger's plan to turn his steel-to-submarines conglomerate into a technology company.

Completion of the deal, which has been in the making for more than two years, is expected either in the fourth quarter of this year or in the first quarter of 2019, depending on antitrust talks with the European Commission, the company said.

The venture does not just address the challenges facing the European steel industry, Hiesinger said, but it is "the only solution to create significant additional value of around €5bn for both Thyssenkrupp and Tata Steel due to joint synergies which cannot be realised in a stand-alone scenario".

Tata Steel shairman Natarajan Chandrasekaran, in a separate statement, said the joint venture will create "a strong pan- European steel company that is structurally robust and competitive".

The deal comes as European steel makers face tariffs of 25 per cent on their exports to the United States, their biggest market. That might force local markets to absorb more of the steel production.

Since the tariffs were announced in late May, shares in European steelmakers ArcelorMittal, Thyssenkrupp, Salzgitter and Voestalpine have lost 8 to 17 per cent.

Mr Hiesinger had faced pressure from activist funds Cevian and Elliott to extract more commitments from Tata Steel, whose European business has performed worse than Thyssen's since the agreement was first announced, creating a valuation gap.

Thyssenkrupp said the deal included "proper compensation" for the gap, which it said was in the mid triple-digit million euro range: if the joint venture makes a widely expected initial public offering it would get a bigger share of the proceeds.

Thyssenkrupp said it also secured the right to decide when a listing might take place, adding the joint venture was aiming for a dividend payout in the low to mid-triple-digit million euro range.

The German group also said it now expects annual synergies of €400 million to €500m from the transaction. It said additional synergies were possible through managing capital expenditure and optimising working capital.

Most of the synergies will be realised within the first three years of the joint venture, Thyssenkrupp's finance chief Guido Kerkhoff said during an investor call.

Tata Steel will remain liable for environmental risks in Britain, where its Port Talbot factory, the least profitable of the joint venture, is based, said Markus Grolms, vice chairman of Thyssenkrupp's supervisory board.

Due to large pension liabilities, Port Talbot had been a major issue in early stages of the negotiations between the companies before a deal was agreed last year.

Tony Brady, National Officer for Unite, Britain's largest trade union, said that workers would be seeking "guarantees over jobs and investment for the UK operations of the joint venture to secure the future of UK steel".

Tata Steel's Dutch unit will also be part of the joint venture's cash-pooling mechanism, which means the unit's cash flow will not be ring-fenced. That had been a key demand for German workers concerned that Tata would give its own workers better conditions in the new company.

"Yes, we do want to protect people. But we also want a company with better chances and less risks," Mr Grolms said.

Thyssenkrupp's management will present a refined strategy to its supervisory board in the second week of July. Sources said that may include a sale of its Materials Services unit and further cost cuts.