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Lessons from the little red dot final

1.
Lessons from the Little Red Dot
Observations on the effective
management of water in Singapore

2.
Singapore
Land Area 707 km2
Population 4.8 mil
Average Annual Rainfall 2,400 mm
Average Water Demand 1.6 mil m3/day

3.
Rivers
extremely
polluted
Draught lead to
severe
rationing being Master plan
imposed for Singapore
River
Water supply
treaties signed Kallang Basin
with Malaysia Cleanup
1950 1960 1970
Reservoirs not 1965-
sufficient to Singapore
supply water to becomes
population of independent
1 million
Water has to be
imported Johar
Malaysia

4.
•Sewerage
Rehabilitation
Program
•Catchment
Expansion Program
PUB and MoE •Initiated
commission conjunctive use of
extensive water by blending
reclamation NEWater in
study reservoirs
1980 1990 2000 2010
Singapore River Singapore gets Achieves
and Kallang its first water • 100% access to
Basin Cleaned reclamation clean drinking
up plant at Bedok water
•100%
Waste water wastewater
gets treated to treatment
very high •100% metered
standards – water supply
NEWater

8.
Integrated Water Quality Management System and Real Time Monitoring
Courtesy: Public Utility Board

9.
LESSONS
Supply and Demand Management
Institutional Effectiveness and Political Will
Effective and Functional Legal and
Regulatory Framework
R & D , Training and Technology in Water Sector

10.
Sources of water
(National Taps) Demand
Management
Local Catchment
Imported Water AIMS
Using Water Network
NEWater Automated
Models and Water
Desalinated Water Mapping and
Tariff Scheme
Information System
Supply and Demand Management

12.
Automated Mapping and Information System
Courtesy: Public Utility Board

13.
Effective demand has reduced over the years !
Demand has
actually gone
down!

14.
Institutional Effectiveness
“Water management institution in a country can
only be as efficient as its management of other development
sectors.” – Cecilia Tortajada
Public Utility Board ( PUB)
– Autonomous
– Significant political and public support
– Financially viable (PUB tapped the commercial market for S$400
million bond issue)

18.
Singapore has successfully managed to find the
right balances between:
• water quantity and water quality considerations;
• water supply and water demand management;
• public sector and private sector participation;
• efficiency and equity considerations;
• strategic national interest and economic
efficiency; and
• strengthening internal capacities and reliance on
external sources.