F-20 — The Tigershark Survivors

During the Cold War, the US government had a policy where the US
would support anyone who was an enemy of communism. While this helped
check the spread of communism, it lead to the US being in bed with some
pretty unsavory tyrants. This philosophy was changed with the election
of President Jimmy Carter. Carter declared that we should never export
our front-line weapons and fighter jets.

This declaration lead to the FX fighter jet program lead by Northrop.
Northrop believed that they could upgrade the F-5E Tiger II aircraft
to be equal to any front-line fighter in the world, yet cost only a
fraction of the price. The FX program got the go ahead in 1980, but
without any government funding.
What emerged was the F-20 Tigershark. Powered by a GE F404-GE-100 low
bypass turbofan offering 17,000 pounds of thrust, the 15,000 pound
aircraft could hit Mach 2.1 at 36,000 feet.

Despite offering excellent
performance at modest cost, sales never materialized for the F-20.
An early sale to Taiwan was canceled to avoid offending mainland
China. Other countries were interested, but they were hesitant
to buy into the F-20 unless the USAF or Navy would adopt the aircraft.
A small but critical sale to the US Navy for aggressor aircraft was
a heartbreaking loss to Northrop when the US Navy purchased the F-16N.
You cannot blame the US Navy since the F-16N was offered to them for
well under cost just to stiff Northrop. The final nail in the coffin
came when President Reagan declared that he was willing to sell anything
to anyone as long as they had the cash. This opened the flood gates
for export sales of the F-15 and F-16. The few sales that the F-20
had written up were converted to F-5E Tiger II aircraft. The F-20
program was shuttered in late 1986.

Four Tigershark aircraft were started by Northrop at their own
expense. The first two were used extensively to fly demonstrations
for potential customers. Both aircraft were lost in crashes, one
in Korea, the other in Canada. Both accidents were pilot error
related to the aircraft being able to outperform the humans who
fly them. The third aircraft was set up much more closely to the
final production configuration. It was used extensively in testing.
It survives today in a California museum. The fourth airframe was
never completed.

In the end, the F-20 Tigershark was reported to use 53% less fuel,
required 52% less maintenance, had 63% lower operating costs, was
four times more reliable, and had the fastest scramble time of any
fighter jet in the world. That made it the finest fighter aircraft
that never went into production. And the F-16N sale that doomed the
F-20? The F-16N was quietly retired long before its time due to
airframe cracks. The F-16N simply could not hold up to the daily use
that those Navy fliers expect from an airplane.