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(FILES) -- A file photo taken on June 24, 2014 shows US National Security Agency (NSA) whistleblower Edward Snowden speaking to European officials via videoconference during a parliamentary hearing on improving the protection of whistleblowers, at the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, eastern France. The White House rejected a call July 28, 2015 to pardon Edward Snowden, saying the former intelligence contractor should "be judged by a jury of his peers" for leaking US government secrets. The US administration re-iterated its tough stance against the exiled fugitive, whom supporters regard as a whistleblower, in response to a petition on the White House website signed by more than 167,000 people. AFP PHOTO/FREDERICK FLORINFREDERICK FLORIN/AFP/Getty Images