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JOHNSTON, JAMES D., China and Japan: Being a Narrative of the Cruise of the U.S. Steam-Frigate Powhatan in the Years 1857, '58, '59 and '60, Including an Account of the Japanese Embassy to the United States (1860)

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2. Reference to Mordecai Manuel Noah, (1785-1851), American politician, playwright and journalist. Founded New York Enquirer. Was high sheriff of New York City. Attempted to re-establish the Jewish nation.

3. Possible reference to Horace Greeley (1811-1872), who founded the New York Tribune and later said "Turn your face to the great West, and there build up a home and fortune." Or possible reference to John Louis O'Sulllivan, of United States Magazine and Democratic Review, who wrote in 1845 "Our manifest destiny is to overspread the continent."

4. Locofoco by this time meant a friction match. Originally, it was a term applied by John Marck, an inventor (1834), to his self-lighting cigar. The term is loosely interpreted to mean self-firing.

2. The signed and sealed cover sheet of U.S. patents is only available on the original, as given to the inventor when the patent issues. This cover sheet has been reconstructed from other patents of the same period. There may be minor errors. For example, if the Secretary of the Interior or the Commissioner of Patents was absent from office on the day the patent issued, it would have been signed by an acting secretary or acting commissioner.