Respiration 2

Anaerobic respiration releases much less energy than aerobic respiration

Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic respiration - Glucose = lactic acid (+energy)

Anaerobic respiration is when you do vigorous exercise your body can't supply enough oxygen to your muscles for aerobic respiration - even though your heart rate and breathing rate increases as much as they can.

Anaerobic means without oxygen.

In Anaerobic respiration, the glucose is only partly broken down, and lactic acid is also produced.

The lactic acid builds up in the muscles, which gets painful and makes your muscles fatigued.

After resorting to anaerobic respiration, when you stop exercising you'll have an oxygen debt.

Basically your muscles are still short of oxygen because they haven't been getting enough for a while. You also need extra oxygen to break down all the lactic acid that's built up in your muscles.

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Eating Healthily

carbohydrates - provide energy

fats - provide energy, energy stores and insulation

proteins - needed for growth and repair of tissues

Vitamins - vitamin C - prevent scurvy

Minerals - iron - needed to make haemoglobin for healthy blood

water - replaces water loss from urinating, breathing and sweating

Fibre - stops constipation (keeps gut in working order)

Age - children/ teenagers need more protein for growth - older people need more calcium to fight against degenerative bone diseases like Osteoporosis.

Gender - Females need more iron to replace the iron lost in menstrual blood.

Physical activity - Active people need more protein for muscle development, and more carbohydrates for energy.

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diet problems

Obesity is a common eating disorder - it is defined as being 20 percent or more over the recomended body weight.

Obesity can increase the risk of diabetes, arthritis, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease (CHD) and even some forms of cancer.

Eating too little protein can cause a condition called Kwashiorkor - a common symptom is a swollen stomach.

these disorders can also cause a lot of other illnesses e.g. liver failure, kidney failure, heart attacks, muscle wastage, low blood pressure and mineral deficiencies. Bulimia can lead to tooth decay ( the acid in vomit eats away at the tooth enamel ) - both orders can be fatal.

The body mass index (BMI) is used as a guide to help decide whether someone is underweight, normal, overweight or obese.

Its calculated from their height and weight.

BMI = body mass ÷(height)²

BMI isn't always reliable - Athletes have alot of muscle, which weights more than fat, so they get a high BMI even though their not overweight.

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Digestion

Carbohydrates are broken down by carbohydrase into simple sugars*.

Proteins are broken down by protease into Amino acids*.

Fats are broken down by lipase into fatty acids and glycerol*.

*these are produces of digestion and are small enough to pass through the walls of the small intestine and into the blood stream.