'Kony 2012' video sparks Internet sensation, countless criticisms

YouTubeThere has been a phenomenal response to a video about the murderous African warlord Joseph Kony: More than 70 million views had been recorded less than a week after its YouTube release Monday.

By James Rainey, Los Angeles Times

In the voice-over introducing his video "Kony 2012," Jason Russell tells a worldwide audience, "The game has new rules." The human rights activist's words seem fulfilled by the phenomenal response to his video about the murderous African warlord Joseph Kony: More than 70 million views had been recorded less than a week after its YouTube release Monday.

But the response to the video also confirmed that every digital media sensation also invites a large, if not equal, reaction, with the Kony production provoking hundreds of video retorts, uncounted Tumblr posts, countless journalism critiques and millions of comments on Facebook and Twitter.

The deluge included a dissection of the finances of San Diego-based Invisible Children, the creator of the video, a slam on the video's role in what writer Teju Cole deemed the "White Savior Industrial Complex" and suggestions of many relief groups more worthy of public support.

Russell and his fellow activists said they created the video determined to end the reign of Kony, whose Lord's Resistance Army, LRA, has abducted thousands of children for exploitation as soldiers and sex slaves. Russell and his companions have employed social media and celebrities including pop stars Bono, Justin Bieber and Rihanna to promote a video that they said helps "the people of the world see each other and ... protect each other."

The fevered, multi-channel response seemed to flow into two major streams. One credited the video with drawing attention to the plight of people living in Uganda and neighboring countries. The second attacked the slickly produced presentation for glossing over complications, overstating the current threat from Kony and diverting attention from solutions more fruitful than a Kony manhunt.

"It certainly hits at the strength and the weakness of new media," said communications professor Barbie Zelizer, a fellow with the Stanford Center for Advanced Study who studies news images in the world's crisis regions. "They are undeniably faster, but they are also undeniably less reliable. It's great when things go fast and they are correct. It's not great when they go fast and they are not correct."

Maria Burnett, a researcher on Uganda for Human Rights Watch, told the Associated Press that the video helped bring notice to an issue the group has been working on for years. "We hope it will be helpful," she said. "What it leads to remains to be seen, but the goal to bring pressure on key leaders, to protect civilians and to apprehend LRA leadership is important, absolutely."

But Burnett and other workers for rights agencies and journalists faulted the video for greatly oversimplifying the challenges in Northern Uganda and the region and urged support of other groups working to provide services to former child soldiers and the displaced.

Last November, an article in Foreign Affairs magazine said San Diego-based Invisible Children had "manipulated facts for strategic purposes, exaggerating the scale of LRA abductions and murders and emphasizing the LRA's use of innocent children as soldiers."

The young Americans did so while paying scant attention to the atrocities committed by the Ugandan military (which they support in the hunt for Kony) or the Sudan People's Liberation Army, including attacks on civilians, the Foreign Affairs piece said.

Writing for The Huffington Post, Michael Deibert, author of "Democratic Republic of Congo: Between Hope and Despair," also slammed the video makers, saying they had depicted military intervention as a panacea.

Deibert wrote that, after a failed attempt to get Kony not long ago (supported by U.S. advisors), the warlord's army counterattacked against villages in the People's Republic of Congo, resulting in the death of hundreds of people and the kidnapping of 100 children. "What is the system of protection that Invisible Children advocates for communities such as these, put in the line of fire by the military operations the group advocates?" Deibert asked.

Responding on the group's website, the video makers conceded they "sought to explain the conflict in an easily understandable format, focusing on the core attributes of LRA leadership that infringe upon the most basic of human rights. In a 30-minute film, however, many nuances of the 26-year conflict are admittedly lost or overlooked."

Rebecca Rosen, writing in the Atlantic online, said she hoped that the obvious flaws and outpouring of criticism of the video wouldn't turn off the millions of young people who have watched it. "It would be a terrible outcome," Rosen wrote, "if those who initially pushed the video along were discouraged by this experience from further engagement, overlearning the lesson and believing there is no positive way for Americans to engage in the world abroad."