Contents

In March 2010, it was announced Paramount Pictures would launch a new division named Insurge Pictures, which would produce micro-budget films based on Paramount's success with micro-budget Paranormal Activity, the first film produced by Paramount Insurge was Never Say Never (2010), a documentary film featuring Justin Bieber. Prior to the release of the film, Insurge released "Grease: The Sing-A-Long," which had a limited release.[1]

In 2011, it was announced Insurge wrapped at a time-untitled project about a destination wedding, the film which was released on May 22, 2015 was titled Drunk Wedding and was shelved for years prior to the release.[clarification needed][2][3] In January 2011, it was announced Insurge was releasing The Devil Inside.[4]

In May 2015, President Amy Powell was stripped of responsibility for the division with Insurge being transferred as a label within Paramount and its staff absorbed into its feature film team reporting to recently appointed Paramount Motion Pictures Group President Marc Evans.[6]

1.
Film
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A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession, the process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. The word cinema, short for cinematography, is used to refer to the industry of films. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process, the adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the process of production, distribution. Films recorded in a form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected, Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them, Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer, some have criticized the film industrys glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called frames, the perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon. The name film originates from the fact that film has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for a motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the screen, the movies, and cinema. In early years, the sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film, scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scène. Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images, the magic lantern, probably created by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s, could be used to project animation, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides

2.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital

3.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci

4.
Filmmaking
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Filmmaking is the process of making a film. Filmmaking takes place in places around the world in a range of economic, social, and political contexts. Typically, it involves a number of people, and can take from a few months to several years to complete. Film production consists of five stages, Development, The first stage in which the ideas for the film are created, rights to books/plays are bought etc. Financing for the project has to be sought and greenlit, pre-production, Preparations are made for the shoot, in which cast and film crew are hired, locations are selected and sets are built. Production, The raw elements for the film are recorded during the film shoot, post-production, The images, sound, and visual effects of the recorded film are edited. Distribution, The finished film is distributed and screened in cinemas and released to home video. In this stage, the project producer selects a story, which may come from a book, play, another film, true story, video game, comic book, graphic novel, or an original idea, etc. After identifying a theme or underlying message, the works with writers to prepare a synopsis. Next they produce an outline, which breaks the story down into one-paragraph scenes that concentrate on dramatic structure. Then, they prepare a treatment, a 25-to-30-page description of the story, its mood and this usually has little dialogue and stage direction, but often contains drawings that help visualize key points. Another way is to produce a scriptment once a synopsis is produced, next, a screenwriter writes a screenplay over a period of several months. The screenwriter may rewrite it several times to improve dramatization, clarity, structure, characters, dialogue, however, producers often skip the previous steps and develop submitted screenplays which investors, studios, and other interested parties assess through a process called script coverage. A film distributor may be contacted at a stage to assess the likely market. All these factors imply a certain appeal of the film to a possible audience, not all films make a profit from the theatrical release alone, so film companies take DVD sales and worldwide distribution rights into account. The producer and screenwriter prepare a film pitch, or treatment and they will also pitch the film to actors and directors in order to attach them to the project. Many projects fail to move beyond this stage and enter so-called development hell, if a pitch succeeds, a film receives a green light, meaning someone offers financial backing, typically a major film studio, film council, or independent investor. The parties involved negotiate a deal and sign contracts, once all parties have met and the deal has been set, the film may proceed into the pre-production period

5.
Viacom
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Viacom, Inc. is an American media conglomerate with interests primarily in cinema and cable television. It is currently the sixth largest broadcasting and cable company in terms of revenue—behind Comcast, The Walt Disney Company, Time Warner, and CBS Corporation. Voting control of Viacom is held by National Amusements, Inc. a privately owned theater company controlled by the billionaire Sumner Redstone, Redstone also holds – via National Amusements – a controlling stake in CBS Corporation. The current incarnation of Viacom was created on December 31,2005 as a spin-off from the incarnation of Viacom. CBS Corporation currently retains control of the broadcasting, TV production, subscription pay television and publishing assets. Predecessor firms of the original Viacom included Gulf+Western and Westinghouse Electric Corporation, in addition, the company was facing issues after MTV was banned from producing any more Super Bowl halftime shows after the Super Bowl Halftime Show controversy of 2004. Redstone was set to retire in the future, and a split was seen as a creative solution to the matter of replacing him. A new company, the present Viacom, was created and was headed by Freston and it comprises BET Networks, MTV Networks, and Paramount Pictures Corporation. In June 2005, Viacom announced its purchase of Neopets, a virtual pet website, along with GameTrailers, GoCityKids and that December, Paramount announced it would acquire DreamWorks. On February 1,2006, Paramount completed its acquisition of DreamWorks. On April 24, Viacom obtained Xfire, in August, just hours before announcing its most recent quarterly earnings, Viacom announced that it had acquired Atom Entertainment for $200 million. In September, Viacom acquired game developer Harmonix for $175 million, in February 2007, Viacom ordered leaked copyrighted video clips be taken off the videosharing service YouTube for copyright reasons. On February 21, Viacom publicly announced they would be offering free access to their own material through Silicon Valleys distributor Joost thanks to a thorough content licensing deal. All future Viacom content for India and new ventures such as a Hindi entertainment channel, on December 19,2007, Viacom signed a five-year, $500 million contract with Microsoft that included content sharing and advertisement. The deal allowed Microsoft to license many shows from Viacom owned cable television and film studios for use on Xbox Live, the deal also made Viacom a preferred publisher partner for casual game development and distribution through MSN and Windows. On the advertisement side of the deal, Microsofts Atlas ad-serving division became the provider of previously unsold advertising inventory on Viacom owned web sites. Also, Microsoft purchased a large amount of advertising on Viacom owned broadcasts, finally, Microsoft will also collaborate on promotions and sponsorships for MTV and BET award shows, two Viacom owned cable networks. On December 4,2008, Viacom announced layoffs of 850 personnel, at the end of the year, Time Warner Cable and Viacoms MTV Networks could not come to terms for the renewal of any Viacom channel beyond the end of year

6.
Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris

7.
Film studio
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The majority of firms in the entertainment industry have never owned their own studios, but have rented space from other companies. The largest film studio in the world is Hengdian World Studios, in Zhejiang and he distributed these movies at vaudeville theaters, penny arcades, wax museums, and fairgrounds. The pioneering Thanhouser film studio was founded in New Rochelle, New York in 1909 by American theatrical impresario Edwin Thanhouser, the company produced and released 1,086 films between 1910 and 1917, successfully distributing them around the world. The first film ever, Million Dollar Mystery, was released by the Thanhouser company in 1914. In the early 1900s, companies started moving to Los Angeles, although electric lights were by then widely available, none were yet powerful enough to adequately expose film, the best source of illumination for motion picture production was natural sunlight. Some movies were shot on the roofs of buildings in Downtown Los Angeles, early movie producers also relocated to Southern California to escape Edisons Motion Picture Patents Company, which controlled almost all the patents relevant to movie production at the time. The first movie studio in the Hollywood area was Nestor Studios, in the same year, another 15 independents settled in Hollywood. Other production companies eventually settled in the Los Angeles area in such as Culver City, Burbank. Five large companies, 20th Century Fox, RKO Pictures, Paramount Pictures, smaller studios operated simultaneously with the majors. Together with smaller outfits such as PRC TKO and Grand National, the Big Fives ownership of movie theaters was eventually opposed by eight independent producers, including Samuel Goldwyn, David O. Selznick, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, and Walter Wanger. In 1948, the government won a case against Paramount in the Supreme Court. This decision, reached after years of litigation, hastened the end of the studio system. By the 1950s, the components of a typical major film studio had become standardized. Movement in and out of the studio is normally limited to specific gates, Studio premises generally feature multiple sound stages along with an outside backlot, as well as offices for studio executives and production companies. There is normally a studio commissary, which is the term in the film industry for what other industries call a company cafeteria. With the growing diversification of studios into such fields as video games, television, theme parks, home video and publishing, instead the studios transformed into financing and distribution entities for the films made by their affiliated production companies. With the decreasing cost of CG and visual effects, many studios sold large chunks of their once massive studio spaces or backlots to private real-estate developers. Century City in Los Angeles was once part of the 20th Century Fox backlot, in most cases portions of the backlots were retained and are available for rental by various film and television productions

8.
Paranormal Activity
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Paranormal Activity is a 2007 American horror film written, co-produced, photographed, edited, and directed by Oren Peli. It is the first entry into the Paranormal Activity film series, the film centers on a young couple, Katie and Micah Sloat, who plays a fictional character of himself, they are haunted by a supernatural presence in their home. It is presented in the style of found footage, from cameras set up by the couple in an attempt to document what is haunting them. Originally developed as an independent feature and given film festival screenings in 2007 and it was given a limited U. S. release on September 25,2009, and then a nationwide release on October 16,2009. The film earned nearly $108 million at the U. S. box office, paramount/DreamWorks acquired the U. S. rights for $350,000. It is the most profitable film made, based on return on investment. A parallel sequel, Paranormal Activity 2, was released on October 22,2010, young couple Katie Featherston and Micah Sloat move to a new house in San Diego. Katie claims an evil presence has been haunting her since she was a child, a famous psychic Dr. Fredrichs, who reveals that Katie is being haunted by a demon that feeds off of negative energy and is intent on tormenting Katie. He advises them not to communicate with the demon and to contact demonologist Dr. Johann Averies if needed, Katie seems interested, but Micah does not take this seriously. The camera manages to capture many strange occurrences, which are minor at first, such as noises, flickering lights, however, Micah taunts and mocks the demon, worsening the situation. During the thirteenth night, the demon angrily screeches and there is a loud thud, voice recorder tests are conducted by Micah the following morning, which reveal demonic grunting when Micah asks if it would like to use an Ouija Board. During the fifteenth night, Katie, in an apparent trance, stands beside the bed, Micah tries to convince Katie to go back inside, but she refuses and appears to remember none of it the next day. Micah brings home a Ouija board, which infuriates Katie, when they leave the house, the camera records an unseen force moving the planchette to form an unknown message on the Ouija board, which then spontaneously catches fire. Katie sees the video and pleads with Micah to contact the demonologist, during the seventeenth night, Micah sprinkles baby powder in the hallway and bedroom. Katie finally calls the demonologist, Dr. Averies, but he is occupied, the events of the seventeenth night have psychologically terrified the couple, which in turn has strengthened the demon. Over the next few nights, the activity is excessive. They eventually call Dr. Fredrichs back to the house, and he apologetically leaves despite their pleas, stating that his presence only makes the demon angrier. The bleak reality causes the couple to all hope, which makes the demon strong enough to be able to pull Katie out of the bedroom and bite her

9.
Justin Bieber: Never Say Never
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Justin Bieber, Never Say Never is a 2011 3-D concert film centering on singer Justin Bieber. It was released in the United States, Canada and Africa on February 11,2011, a sequel to Never Say Never was released on December 25,2013 entitled Justin Biebers Believe. The film follows the pop star Justin Bieber during 10 days counting down to what is considered his biggest performance, that of August 31,2010 in Madison Square Garden and it shows footage of the performances during this period from his My World Tour. The main people around Bieber, being like family and good friends to him, are interviewed, various instances of praying together before a show are shown. The film also includes a visit Bieber made to his hometown while being in Canada for the tour and he is scolded for having damaged his voice while having fun with his old friends. Reluctantly he accepts the postponement of a performance in Syracuse and he is not allowed to speak for some days, and thus recovers enough to do the next performance, at MSG. Also included are some stories and old videos of Biebers childhood and he was raised by his mother but also had a very special bond with his maternal step-grandfather. The latter still gets emotional about the time that Bieber and his moved to Atlanta. The website also reported that the film, described as a feature biopic would be directed by the Academy Award-winning An Inconvenient Truths director Davis Guggenheim, the untitled film was said to also include performances from Biebers My World Tour throughout. Biebers manager Scooter Braun and Island Def Jam president L. A. Reid were tapped to produce, after the report was published by Deadline, Bieber confirmed the news on his official Twitter account, and verified that it would be released around February 11,2011. In a following tweet, Bieber stated that the performances for the film would be set to take place at Madison Square Garden on the tour. On August 4,2010, Deadline reported that Guggenheim had dropped out of the position for the film. After the future of the film was up in the air for a few days, on August 13,2010, it was reported that Step Up 3D director Jon Chu was recruited to direct the film. On directing the film, Chu stated that he jumped at the opportunity to tell a story with honesty and heart, as most people did not know that Bieber had a true underdog story. Chu went on to say that he hoped to tell his story in a compelling, genuine way, in another interview, Chu said that the movie was for fans and non-fans alike, commenting, were gonna tell the underdog story of where he came from. He later explained that it was fascinating due to Biebers story had much to do with the digital lifestyle, such as using YouTube. On the type of film, Chu said Theres not going to be acted-out scenes and its not your typical concert film and its not going to be a biopic, but it is about his life. The contest lasted for twenty-four hours, on August 31,2010, filming took place at his concert at Madison Square Garden for scenes for the film, and Bieber donned white and purple attire, his tour colors

10.
Justin Bieber
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Justin Drew Bieber is a Canadian singer and songwriter. After a talent manager discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and signed to RBMG, Bieber released his debut EP, My World and it was certified Platinum in the U. S. He became the first artist to have seven songs from a record chart on the Billboard Hot 100. Bieber released his first full-length studio album, My World 2.0 and it debuted at or near number one in several countries, was certified triple Platinum in the U. S. and contained his most successful single at the time, Baby. He released his studio album, Under the Mistletoe, in November 2011. Bieber released his studio album, Believe, in 2012. His fourth studio album Purpose was released in November 2015 to commercial success and his U. S. album and singles sales total 44.7 million. He has sold an estimated 100 million records, making him one of the world’s best-selling music artists, Bieber has won numerous awards, including the American Music Award for Artist of the Year in 2010 and 2012. In his career, he has won one Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording for the song Where Are Ü Now at the 2016 ceremony. He has been listed four times by Forbes magazine among the top ten most powerful celebrities in the world in 2011,2012, Bieber also became the first artist to surpass 10 billion total video views on Vevo. Bieber was born on March 1,1994, in London, Ontario, at St Josephs Hospital and he is the only child of Jeremy Jack Bieber and Patricia Pattie Mallette. Pattie raised her son with the help of her mother, Diane and his mother is of French-Canadian descent, his paternal great-grandfather was of German ancestry, and his other roots are English, Scottish and Irish. He has also claimed that he has some undetermined Aboriginal Canadian ancestry, through Jeremy, Bieber has two younger half-siblings, Jazmyn and Jaxon. Pattie worked a series of low-paying office jobs, raising Bieber as a mother in low-income housing. Bieber has maintained contact with his father, Bieber attended a French-language immersion elementary school in Stratford, the Jeanne Sauvé Catholic School. Growing up, he learned to play the piano, drums, guitar and he graduated from high school in Stratford, Ontario, the St. Michael Catholic Secondary School in 2012 with a 4.0 GPA. In early 2007, aged 12, Bieber sang Ne-Yos So Sick for a singing competition in Stratford and was placed second. Mallette posted a video of the performance on YouTube for their family and she continued to upload videos of Bieber singing covers of various R&B songs, and Biebers popularity on the site grew

11.
The Devil Inside (film)
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The Devil Inside is a 2012 American supernatural horror film directed by William Brent Bell, and written by Bell and Matthew Peterman. Produced by Peterman and Morris Paulson, the film stars Fernanda Andrade, Simon Quarterman, Evan Helmuth, and Suzan Crowley, and was released theatrically on January 6. The film topped the US box office on its weekend, yet dropped drastically in the second week. Despite critical disdain, it was a success and grossed roughly $101 million. On October 30,1989, Maria Rossi committed a murder during an exorcism performed on her. The Catholic Church became involved, and she has since been in a Catholic psychiatric hospital in Rome, a news story and police investigation show the three members of the clergy whom she murdered. Her daughter, Isabella, learned of the murders from her father, twenty years later, Isabella is in the process of filming a documentary about exorcisms and, to find out more about her mother, she visits a school in Rome. She meets two priests, Ben and David, who take her with them on an exorcism performed on Rosalita and they bring along medical equipment to determine if its possession or mental illness. Rosalita attacks the crew after spouting out obscene remarks in different languages and she calls Isabella by her name, despite not knowing her. Eventually, they get her under control, when Isabella goes to visit her mother, Maria, in the asylum, she finds that her mother speaks in different accents and has paintings all over the walls. She has inverted crosses carved into her arms and her bottom lip, Maria tells Isabella that killing a child is against Gods will. Isabella tells David and Ben that she had an abortion years ago, during the procedure, Maria mentions knowing what Ben did in the past. After analyzing the data from the video and audio files, they present the evidence to the Church, David shows many signs of stress, as Ben plays the audio files over and over. Ben finds that there are four different demons speaking in unison, David is to perform a baptism at his church, in which Michael tags along to record. When he holds the baby to start the immersion baptism, he mutters some lines from the Bible, the crowd rush up to save the baby as he passes out. Soon after, Ben finds David at home with all over his forearms. The police arrive, and David acquires a handgun and holds it in his mouth. Ben tells him to fight it, but he begins to weep, reciting the Lords Prayer, Ben hysterically comes to the realization that Isabella is possessed

12.
The Loved Ones (film)
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The Loved Ones is a 2009 Australian horror film written and directed by Sean Byrne and starring Xavier Samuel and Robin McLeavy. Brent is driving with his father in the seat, when a bloodied man appears in the middle of the road. Swerving to avoid hitting the man, Brents vehicle collides with a tree, six months later, Brent is planning to attend a high school dance with girlfriend Holly, having politely refused an offer by Lola Stone. Brent and Holly meet up, go to Hollys car and they have sex, Holly drives the pair on account of the car crash, and its revealed that Brents father died in the accident. Wracked with guilt, Brent has turned to recreational cannabis use, once home, Brent leaves the house, goes to a nearby cliff, climbs it halfway and contemplates suicide, but then comes to his senses and climbs to the top. While listening to music, Brent is attacked from behind, bound to a chair, he wakes up at Lolas house sitting at a table with Lola, her father, and a lobotomized-woman they call Bright Eyes. Lolas father has turned his house into a dance for his daughter, Lola takes a syringe, fills it with bleach and injects it into Brents voice box to render him unable to scream or talk. When she makes a comment about Holly, Brent kicks Lola. Lolas father chases Brent up a tree, where he and Lola hurl rocks at Brent, the two bring Brent back inside, and nail his feet to the floor with knives. Timmy turns out to be the brother of Mia Valentine, the goth girl Brents best friend Jamie asked to the prom, Lola then draws on Brent by using a fork to carve a heart with L S in the middle on his chest onto which she liberally throws salt. After being crowned Queen of her dance, Lola admits to Brent that she is looking for her prince, however, Lola confides in her father that he is her prince. Afterward, Daddy lifts the carpet to reveal a secret door with the previous abductees still inside. Lola drills a hole through Brents skull as they intend to lobotomize him like their other captives, but when Lola complains that the hole is too small for her to pour boiling water into, Brent slashes her father with his razor-blade pendant necklace. Brent then attacks Daddy, stabbing him repeatedly in the neck with one of the knives that Brent pulled out of his feet, Lola jumps on Brent and tries to hit him, but Brent knocks her out. Brent then pushes Lolas dad into the pit where he watches in horror as the nearly starved captives eat Daddy, Lola gets up and throws Brent in, throwing nearby objects at him in anger. Brent finds a flashlight and hammer that Lola had thrown down which he uses to kill the abductees as they advance on him, Lola then goes and smothers Bright Eyes with a pillow, revealing that the woman is her mother. On a hunch, Holly calls a policeman in the neighborhood, when he gets to Lolas house, he sees through a window the bloody floor and chair and breaks in. In an attempt to attract the attention, Brent makes noise by throwing objects at the doors

13.
Katy Perry: Part of Me
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Katy Perry, Part of Me is a 2012 3D autobiographical documentary film on Katy Perry. It was directed by Dan Cutforth and Jane Lipsitz and released in the United States, Canada, the UK, the film is spliced with performances from her worldwide California Dreams Tour, which had 127 concerts from February 20,2011 to January 22,2012. Most of the performances were recorded on November 23,2011, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, some of her friends such as Rihanna, Lady Gaga, Adele, and Jessie J make cameos in the film. The documentary includes scenes of Perry dealing with the breakdown of her marriage with English actor/comedian Russell Brand and this film, youre going to see it from my best friend/buddy perspective, youre going to see exactly what I mean and feel and think about everything. One golden ticket to the premiere was placed in a random physical copy of Teenage Dream. The first trailer of the film was aired during the 2012 Kids Choice Awards, on March 31,2012, Katy announced via Twitter that the film would be released during the weekend of July 4. A trailer of the film was released on April 2,2012 on iTunes Stores worldwide, Perry teamed up with Pepsi to promote the film. The partnership included co-branded television and radio spots, digital advertising, all elements of the campaign featured Pepsis new global tag line, Live for Now. The campaign offered consumers the chance to win trips to attend the premiere of the film in Los Angeles. Perry held and attended premieres in Sydney, Australia and London, England, on July 30,2012, there was a premiere in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil with the presence of Perry. Special 3D glasses were designed and distributed in theaters, the glasses featured a red and white candy stripe motif common to Perrys visual style and also featured the films official Twitter hashtag. This film was rated PG for some content, language, thematic elements. Review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 76% of critics gave the positive reviews, based on 87 reviews. Audiences polled by the research firm CinemaScore gave Katy Perry. Elizabeth Weitzman of New York Daily News said, Perry may be the worlds most high-profile tease, andrew McMurty of Filmink stated, Ultimately, Part of Me is for fans, but it should have interest for people interested in celebrity culture. Negative reviews included Mark Olsen of Boxoffice Magazines claim that, this supposedly honest behind-the-scenes look at Perrys 2011 world tour often feels more like sharp brand management. In its opening weekend, the film grossed $7,138,266 in 2,730 theaters in the United States and Canada, ranking #8 at the box office. Katy Perry, Part of Me has grossed $25,326,071 domestically and $7,400,885 internationally, in the United States, it is the seventh highest-grossing documentary and the fifth highest-grossing music concert film of all time

14.
Mockumentary
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A mockumentary or docucomedy is a type of movie or television show depicting fictional events but presented as a documentary. These productions are used to analyze or comment on current events and issues by using a fictional setting. While not always comedic, comedic mockumentaries are common, a dramatic mockumentary should not be confused with docudrama, a fictional genre in which dramatic techniques are combined with documentary elements to depict real events. Mockumentaries are often presented as documentaries, with B roll and talking heads discussing past events. Examples emerged during the 1950s when archival film footage became relatively easy to locate, a very early example was a short piece on the Swiss Spaghetti Harvest that appeared as an April fools joke on the British television program Panorama in 1957. The term mockumentary, which originated in the 1960s, was popularized in the mid-1980s when This Is Spinal Tap director Rob Reiner used it in interviews to describe that film. Mockumentaries are often partly or wholly improvised, as a style of acting helps to maintain the pretense of reality. Comedic mockumentaries rarely have laugh tracks, also to sustain the atmosphere, albert Brooks was also an early popularizer of the mockumentary style with his film Real Life,1979, a spoof of a PBS documentary. Woody Allens Take the Money and Run is presented in documentary-style with Allen playing a criminal, Virgil Starkwell. Jackson Beck, who used to narrate documentaries in the 1940s, fictional interviews are interspliced throughout, especially those of Starkwells parents who wear Groucho Marx noses and mustaches. The style of film was widely appropriated by others and revisited by Allen himself in films such as Zelig and Sweet. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the format has enjoyed considerable attention. In 1984, Christopher Guest co-wrote and starred in the mockumentary This is Spinal Tap, directed by Rob Reiner, films such as Waiting for Guffman, Best in Show, and A Mighty Wind, all written with costar Eugene Levy, were critical successes. Man Bites Dog is a 1992 Belgian black comedy crime mockumentary written, produced, and directed by Rémy Belvaux, André Bonzel, in 1995, directed by Peter Jackson and Costa Botes, Forgotten Silver claimed New Zealand director Colin McKenzie to be a pioneer in filmmaking. When the film was revealed to be a mockumentary, Jackson received criticism for tricking viewers. In 1999, Drop Dead Gorgeous by Michael Patrick Jann used the style to narrate a fictional small-town beauty pageant as a way to satirize Middle America. Dark Side of the Moon is a 2002 French mockumentary by director William Karel, the premise for the film is the theory that the television footage from the Apollo 11 Moon landing was faked and actually recorded in a studio by the CIA with help from director Stanley Kubrick. FUBAR is a 2002 Canadian mockumentary film, directed by Michael Dowse, the Confederate States of America is a 2004 mockumentary presenting an alternative history in which the Confederacy won the American Civil War

15.
Reality television
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It differs from documentary television in that the focus tends to be on drama, personal conflict, and entertainment rather than educating viewers. The genre has various standard tropes, including confessionals used by cast members to express their thoughts, an early example of the genre was the 1991 Dutch series Nummer 28, which was the first show to bring together strangers and record their interactions. It then exploded as a phenomenon in the late 1990s and early 2000s with the success of the series Survivor, Idols. These shows and a number of others became global franchises, spawning local versions in dozens of countries, Reality television as a whole has become a fixture of television programming. There are grey areas around what is classified as reality television, Reality television has faced significant criticism since its rise in popularity. Much of the criticism has centered on the use of the word reality, Television formats portraying ordinary people in unscripted situations are almost as old as the television medium itself. Precedents for television that portrayed people in unscripted situations began in the late 1940s, queen for a Day was an early example of reality-based television. The 1946 television game show Cash and Carry sometimes featured contestants performing stunts, debuting in 1948, Allen Funts hidden camera show Candid Camera broadcast unsuspecting ordinary people reacting to pranks. In 1948, talent search shows Ted Macks Original Amateur Hour and Arthur Godfreys Talent Scouts featured amateur competitors, in the 1950s, game shows Beat the Clock and Truth or Consequences involved contestants in wacky competitions, stunts, and practical jokes. Confession was a show which aired from June 1958 to January 1959. The radio series Nightwatch tape-recorded the daily activities of Culver City, the series You Asked for It incorporated audience involvement by basing episodes around requests sent in by postcard from viewers. First broadcast in the United Kingdom in 1964, the Granada Television documentary Seven Up, broadcast interviews with a dozen ordinary 7-year-olds from a broad cross-section of society and inquired about their reactions to everyday life. Every seven years, a film documented the life of the same individuals during the period, titled the Up Series, episodes include 7 Plus Seven,21 Up. The program was structured as a series of interviews with no element of plot, however, it did have the then-new effect of turning ordinary people into celebrities. The first reality show in the modern sense may have been the series The American Sportsman, Another precursor may be considered Mutual of Omahas Wild Kingdom which aired from 1963 through 1988. This show featured zoologist Marlin Perkins traveling across the globe and illustrating the variety of animal life on the planet. Though mostly a travelogue, it was popular in syndication and new episodes were produced through the eighties. The 12-part 1973 PBS series An American Family showed a nuclear family going through a divorce, unlike many later reality shows, it was more or less documentary in purpose and style

16.
E!
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Entertainment Television, LLC is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the NBCUniversal Cable division of NBCUniversal, all owned by Comcast. It features entertainment-related programming, reality television, feature films, and occasionally series, as of February 2015, E. has an audience reach of approximately 94,296,000 American households. The channel is available in Canada, which broadcasts original programming at the same as the United States and localized versions across Europe, Asia. The channel was founded by Larry Namer and Alan Mruvka, early Movietime hosts included Greg Kinnear, Paula Abdul, Katie Wagner, Julie Moran, Suzanne Kay, Mark DeCarlo, Sam Rubin and Richard Blade. In 1997, Comcast, one of the minority partners, teamed up with Disney/ABC Cable Networks to buy the channel after Time-Warner had exercised their put agreement. In November 2006, Comcast acquired Disneys 39. 5% share of E. for $1.23 billion to gain ownership of the network as part of a broader programming carriage agreement between Disney/ABC and Comcast. E. s only sister networks prior to the NBC Universal merger were Style Network and G4, along with Comcasts sports networks, Versus, Comcast SportsNet, the network also started the process of introducing scripted programming, in addition to its existing reality and documentary series. The changes were announced during E. s programming upfront presentation on April 30,2012. E. is one of the few U. S. general-entertainment cable channels that broadcasts a news program, its flagship entertainment news program is E. News. It was first hosted by Dagny Hultgreen, steve Kmetko was a host from 1994-2002. It has been hosted by Terrence Jenkins and Giuliana Rancic since 2012 and 2006, respectively, E. announced that the weekday editions of E. News would be expanded to one hour starting on October 25,2010. During its time on E. the 5 to 8 a. m. block was the most watched period for the network, outside of E. News telecasts, the channel runs an E. E. The network also produces a decent amount of documentary and biographical series, true Hollywood Story, many of E. s original specials are entertainment-related ranging from light fare to serious fare. In recent years, the network has become known for its reality television programs. Its most popular series as of 2011 is Keeping Up with the Kardashians, other original programming airing on the network includes Hello Ross, The Soup, Fashion Police, and Married to Jonas. However, feature films airing on the display the original studio production credits at the traditional end of program placement. The only programming currently airing on E. with higher-grossing films premiering on USA Network, the HD feed is available on most cable and telco providers, along with both satellite services. Columnists featured on the website include Kristin dos Santos, Ted Casablanca, as part of the rebrand of the cable channel on July 9,2012, EOnline. com was redesigned for HTML5, including tablet and mobile devices

17.
Area 51
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The United States Air Force facility commonly known as Area 51 is a highly classified remote detachment of Edwards Air Force Base, within the Nevada Test and Training Range. According to the Central Intelligence Agency, the names for the facility are Homey Airport and Groom Lake. Other names used for the facility include Dreamland and nicknames Paradise Ranch, Home Base, the special use airspace around the field is referred to as Restricted Area 4808 North. The bases current primary purpose is unknown, however, based on historical evidence, it most likely supports the development and testing of experimental aircraft. The intense secrecy surrounding the base has made it the frequent subject of conspiracy theories, although the base has never been declared a secret base, all research and occurrences in Area 51 are Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information. Area 51 is located in the portion of Nevada in the western United States,83 miles north-northwest of Las Vegas. Situated at its center, on the shore of Groom Lake, is a large military airfield. The site was acquired by the United States Air Force in 1955, the area around Area 51, including the small town of Rachel on the Extraterrestrial Highway, is a popular tourist destination. The original rectangular base of 6 by 10 miles is now part of the so-called Groom box, the area is connected to the internal Nevada Test Site road network, with paved roads leading south to Mercury and west to Yucca Flat. Leading northeast from the lake, the wide and well-maintained Groom Lake Road runs through a pass in the Jumbled Hills, the road formerly led to mines in the Groom basin, but has been improved since their closure. Its winding course runs past a security checkpoint, but the area around the base extends further east. Area 51 shares a border with the Yucca Flat region of the Nevada Test Site, the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository is 44 miles southwest of Groom Lake. Groom Lake is a flat in Nevada used for runways of the Nellis Bombing Range Test Site airport on the north of the Area 51 USAF military installation. The lake at 4,409 ft elevation is approximately 3.7 miles from north to south and 3 miles from east to west at its widest point. Located within the namesake Groom Lake Valley portion of the Tonopah Basin, the origin of the Area 51 name is unclear. The most accepted comes from a grid numbering system of the area by the Atomic Energy Commission, while Area 51 isnt part of this system, another explanation is that 51 was used because it was unlikely that the AEC would use the number. The interests in Groom were acquired by J. B. Osborne and partners and patented in 1876, claims were incorporated as two 1916 companies with mining continuing until 1918 and resuming after World War II until the early 1950s. The airfield on the Groom Lake site began service in 1942 as Indian Springs Air Force Auxiliary Field, the Groom Lake test facility was established in April 1955 by the Central Intelligence Agency for Project Aquatone, the development of the Lockheed U-2 strategic reconnaissance aircraft

18.
Video on demand
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IPTV technology is often used to bring video on demand to televisions and personal computers. Internet television, using the Internet, is a popular form of video on demand. VOD can also be accessed via desktop client applications such as the Apple iTunes online content store, some airlines offer VOD as in-flight entertainment to passengers through individually controlled video screens embedded in seatbacks or armrests or offered via portable media players. Some video on demand services such as Netflix use a model that requires users to pay a monthly fee to access a bundled set of content. Other services use a model, where access is free for Internet users. Downloading and streaming video on demand systems provide the user all of the features of Portable media players. Some VOD systems that store and stream programs from hard drives use a memory buffer to allow the user to fast forward. It is possible to put video servers on local area networks, streaming video servers can also serve a wider community via a WAN, in which case the responsiveness may be reduced. Download VOD services are practical to homes equipped with cable modems or DSL connections, servers for traditional cable and telco VOD services are usually placed at the cable head-end serving a particular market as well as cable hubs in larger markets. In the telco world, they are placed in either the central office, the first Video on Demand systems used tapes as the realtime source of video streams. GTE started as a trial in 1990 with AT&T providing all components, by 1992 VOD servers were supplying previously encoded digital video from disks and DRAM. In the US the 1982 anti-trust break-up of AT&T resulted in a number of telephone companies called Baby Bells. Following this the Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984 prohibited telephone companies from providing services within their operating regions. All of these companies and others began holding trials to setup systems for supplying Video on Demand over telephone, in November 1992 Bell Atlantic announced a VOD trial. The IBM was developing video server code-named Tiger Shark, concurrently Digital Equipment was developing a scalable video server. Bell Atlantic selected IBM and April 1993 the system became the first VOD over ADSL to be deployed outside the lab, in 1994-5 US West went on to file for VOD at several cities. 330,000 subscribers in Denver,290,000 in Minneapolis, many VOD trials were held with various combinations of server, network and set-top. Of these the primary players in the US were the companies, using DEC, Microsoft, Oracle, IBM, Hewlett-Packard, USA Video, nCube, SGI

19.
Grease (film)
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Grease is a 1978 American musical romantic comedy film based on Jim Jacobs and Warren Caseys musical of the same name. The film depicts the life of Rydell High School students Danny Zuko, directed by Randal Kleiser and written by Bronte Woodard, the film stars John Travolta as Danny, Olivia Newton-John as Sandy and Stockard Channing as Betty Rizzo. Grease was successful critically and commercially. Only a few of the original cast members reprised their roles, in the summer of 1958, local boy Danny Zuko and vacationing Sandy Olsson met at the beach and fell in love. When the summer comes to an end, Sandy, who is going back to Australia, frets that they may never meet again, the film moves to the start of the seniors term at Rydell High School. Danny, a greaser, is a member of the T-Birds, consisting of his best friend Kenickie, Doody, Sonny, the Pink Ladies, a popular clique of girls, also arrive, consisting of Rizzo, Frenchy, Marty, and Jan. After her parents not to return to Australia, Sandy enrolls at Rydell and is befriended by Frenchy. Unaware of each others presence at Rydell, Danny and Sandy tell their respective groups the accounts of events during the brief romance. Sandys version emphasizes the romance of the affair, while Dannys version is more sexual. When Sandy finally says Dannys name, Rizzo arranges a reunion for the two, but Danny is forced to maintain his bad-boy attitude in front of his pals, upsetting Sandy. Frenchy invites the girls to a party, but Sandy falls ill from trying a cigarette. As she recovers in the bathroom, Rizzo makes fun of her innocence, the T-Birds almost crash the party in Kenickies Greased Lightning car, but a guilty Danny leaves, followed by Rizzo, who departs to make out with Kenickie, who later becomes her boyfriend. Sandy laments over her feelings towards Danny, despite his earlier behavior, the two are disturbed by Leo Balmudo, leader of the T-Birds rival gang, the Scorpions, and his girlfriend Cha-Cha, leading to a planned car race between Leo and Kenickie. Kenickie purchases an old car and the group repair it. In an attempt to impress Sandy, Danny turns to Coach Calhoun to get into sports and he reunites with Sandy and they attempt to go on a date, but their friends crash it, resulting in Kenickie and Rizzo arguing and parting. Left alone, Frenchy is visited by an angel who advises her to return to school after a mishap in beauty class leaves her with bubblegum-pink hair. The school dance arrives, broadcast live on television and hosted by DJ Vince Fontaine, Rizzo and Kenickie attempt to spite one another by bringing Leo and Cha-Cha as their dates, while Danny and Sandy arrive together. Danny and Sandy dance well and are expected to win, Danny and Cha-Cha end up performing together and winning

20.
RSO Records
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RSO Records was a record label formed by rock and roll and musical theatre impresario Robert Stigwood in 1973. The RSO stands for the Robert Stigwood Organisation, the companys main headquarters were at 67 Brook Street, in Londons Mayfair. The release of the two albums made RSO one of the most financially successful labels of the 1970s. As successful as the label was financially, the independent label produced successes on the pop charts never before seen by the recording industry. By one point in 1978, the label boasted an unprecedented sixth consecutive number-one single on the Billboard pop charts, holding the top spot for 21 consecutive weeks. With singles releases from the Grease album and another huge Andy Gibb smash, RSO would log a further 10 weeks at the number 1 position and this feat remains unduplicated by any record label to date. It also released a single that summer by Paul Jones. As well as the label was operating in 1978, the commercial and critical failure of RSOs movie version of Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band crippled the company, the woes of this failure were only somewhat offset by the middle of 1979, as the Bee Gees album Spirits Having Flown went on to eventually sell nearly 20 million copies. In 1980, the labels most famous act, the Bee Gees, the lawsuit was subsequently settled for an undisclosed amount, and after a public reconciliation, the band remained with the label until its dissolution. By 1981, Stigwood had ended his involvement with the label, all previous RSO releases were later re-released under Polydors label

21.
MTV Films
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MTV Films is the motion picture production arm of the American cable television channel MTV. Founded in 1996, it has produced films based on MTV programs such as Beavis and Butt-head Do America and Jackass, The Movie, as well as other adaptations and its films are released by fellow Viacom division Paramount Pictures. On August 21,2006, Nickelodeon Movies and MTV Films became full labels of the Paramount Motion Pictures Group and it currently has 40 films with four direct-to-video titles. MTV Films at the Internet Movie Database

22.
AEG Live
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The Anschutz Entertainment Group is an American worldwide sporting and music entertainment presenter and a subsidiary of The Anschutz Corporation. It is the worlds largest owner of sports teams and sports events, under the AEG Live brand, it is the worlds second largest presenter of live music and entertainment events after Live Nation. AEG Live was started in 2002, AEG owns and operates a variety of venues, sport teams and entertainment concerns. For venues, AEG owns and operates the Staples Center and the StubHub Center, in England, it owns the Manchester Arena, and currently operates The O2 which includes a 20,000 capacity arena. In Turkey, AEG operates 13,800 capacity Ulker Sports Arena, as part of the development of the O2, Anschutz also purchased the London river service company Thames Clipper, and supported the development of the nearby David Beckham Academy. The company has its headquarters in Downtown Los Angeles, AEG also owned Hamburg Freezers before ceasing its existence in 2016. The company also purchased the Champions on Ice figure skating tour in 2006 and it is now the second-largest event promoter in the United States. AEG Live came to public attention in 2009 when it acted as the promoter for Michael Jacksons This Is It concerts. Jackson died just three weeks before the series of 50 concerts were due to begin, on September 18,2012, The Anschutz Corporation announced its intent to sell Anschutz Entertainment Group and its holdings. The company has retained financial advisors Blackstone Advisory Partners to assist in AEGs sale process, approval to begin construction of Farmers Field in 2013 for a 2016 completion was in the process of being finalized at the time that AEGs sale was announced. On March 14,2013, Anschutz announced AEG is no longer for sale, AEG operates the Sprint Center for the city of Kansas City, Missouri, and Target Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Anschutz knows Prescott personally, having had him as a guest for a stay at Anschutzs ranch in 2005 and footing the bill for hospitality. In January 2007, the Super Casino license was awarded to a group in Manchester, rather than to Blackpool or London, Anschutz spent £50m on the Manchester Arena and the winner of the casino licence is a close ally of Anschutz, Sol Kerzner. The informal partnership was dissolved the following year, in October 2011, it was announced an agreement with Palmeiras and WTorre for managing the Allianz Parque, one of the most modern multipurpose spaces in the world, located in São Paulo, Brazil. With construction starting in 2010, was completed in November 2014, in September 2013, it was announced that AEG Facilities, a stand-alone affiliate of AEG, had signed a 15-year contract to operate Wembley Arena in London, UK. In 2014, the partnership of AEG Live with MGM Resorts International began construction of Las Vegas Arena located west of the Las Vegas Strip between Frank Sinatra Drive and New York-New York, the venue has been open since April 6,2016. Anschutz was one of the co-founders and one of the investors of Major League Soccer. In 1996, he became the investor/operator of the Colorado Rapids, the Rapids were then a subsidiary of the Anschutz Corporation

23.
The Island Def Jam Music Group
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The Island Def Jam Music Group was an American record label group formed in 1998 by combining the operations of 14+ record labels including Island Records, Def Jam Recordings, and Mercury Records. In 2011, Motown Records was split from The Universal/Motown Records Group, on April 1,2014, Universal Music announced that Island Def Jams operations would be split between three entities, Island Records, Motown Records, and Def Jam Recordings. Despite being a new organization, Island Def Jam quickly made a name for itself in the music industry, the label gained notoriety for its untraditional and innovative approach when it came to breaking new artists, creating joint ventures, acquisitions, internet marketing, etc. IDJ had a great A&R team that oversaw chart-topping talent such as Jay-Z, Bon Jovi, DMX, Elton John and these savvy business moves are the reason IDJ prospered. In 2000, IDJMG announced that they would be launching Def Jam Germany and this move expanded urban music into a global phenomenon. In 2001, Island Def Jam created a label, Lost Highway Records. The label operated as an imprint of IDJs Mercury Records division, in Summer 2001, Island Def Jam acquired a controlling interest in the legendary rock label, Roadrunner Records. In December 2004, Island Def Jam acquired the remaining 50% interest in Roc-A-Fella Records, in 2011, Motown Records became an imprint of The Island Def Jam Music Group. In April 2014, UMG announced that Island Def Jam would cease to exist, IDJs operations were split up/separated between its flagship labels, Island Records, Def Jam Recordings, and Motown Records. Today, The Island Def Jam Music Group continues to one of the most impressive music catalogues in history. Chocolate City Records Artium Recordings Desert Storm Records Disturbing Tha Peace GOOD Music Radio Killa Records The Inc

24.
Imagine Entertainment
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Imagine Entertainment is an American film and television production company founded in 1986 by director Ron Howard and producer Brian Grazer. Brian Grazer and Ron Howard met in 1982 on Night Shift with Howard directing, then followed it up with working on 1984s Splash. Early on the company sealed a production and distribution deal with Universal Pictures expiring in November 1992, universals deal was to fund 50% of 30 films. The company had an IPO in 1986 at $8 for a package of one share, shares rose to $19.25 before falling in the stock market crash in 1987 to $2.25. A pay television broadcast agreement was made with Showtime, by May 1992, 48% of the stock was public traded and worth $9.375. The duo agreed to a new six deal with Universal while concurrently offering $9 a share to buy the companys public outstanding share to start a new company with its assets. If not they planned to leave the company at their contract expiration in November to start the new company anyway, Universal was providing the cash for the buy out for an equity stake in the new company. In 2000, the partnership partnered for TV series development with 20th Century Fox, in 2011, the company had three weak box office performers with The Dilemma, Cowboys & Aliens and Tower Heist. Because of their weak financial pact renewal with Universal in January 2012 and this also moves Imagine from exclusive to a first look deal. By 2013, Imagine was considering other funding methods for the films including crowdfunding for a Friday Night Lights movie. In November 2013, Michael Rosenberg was promoted to Co-chairman followed in December 2013 with Erica Huggins being promoted to his previous position of president. Industry insiders indicated in late January 2016 that a deal with Raine Group was in the works that would have Raine become a partner of the company while contributing $100 million. The feature-film division has participated in over sixty productions and is associated with Universal Pictures, Erica Huggins was hired as senior vice president of motion pictures and was elevated to exec vice president in 2006 then in 2010 to co-president of production. 2010 Robin Hood 2011 Take Me Home Tonight The Dilemma Cowboys & Aliens Restless Tower Heist J

25.
Project Almanac
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Project Almanac is a 2015 American found footage science fiction thriller film directed by Dean Israelite at his directorial debut, and written by Jason Harry Pagan and Andrew Deutschman. The film stars Jonny Weston, Sofia Black-DElia, Sam Lerner, Allen Evangelista, Virginia Gardner, the film tells the story of a group of high school students that build a time machine. Filmed in 2013 and originally planned for an early 2014 release, upon release, Project Almanac received generally mixed reviews from critics and audiences, and grossed $33 million against a production budget of $12 million. David finds an old camera with a recording of his seventh birthday party. Noticing how he appears to be reaching for a basement light switch in the reflection, David and his friends go to the basement and they end up being caught by Jessie and recruit her to their experiment. David, Jessie, Christina, Adam, and Quinn eventually travel back in time to the day before and break into Quinns house, however, he awakens and seeing his future self causes a feedback loop that nearly erases them both from the timeline. The five agree to use the machine for personal gain on the condition that they use it together. David hesitates to declare his feelings for Jessie and their relationship becomes awkward, David decides to travel back to Lollapalooza alone to change that, leading to a future in which they are a couple. David goes back once again and prevents the accident that would lead to the players injury. He returns to the future to learn that instead Adam is in critical condition in the hospital after being run over. David continues to back in time to rectify the poor outcomes. Jessie confronts David, who is forced to admit to using the machine to win her affection. As Jessie lambastes David for his deception, her past self runs up, causing another feedback loop, David decides to go back to prevent the machine from being created, but the machine is out of hydrogen. As David returns to the present, he is confronted by the police, narrowly evading the manhunt after him, David is able to get to his school and obtains a hydrogen canister. He manages to activate the machine just as the break into the supply room. In the basement, David confronts his father Ben, who recognizes him, David convinces Ben of the machines danger and tells him that he should say goodbye to his son. Meanwhile, David destroys the blueprints and a component, causing him to be erased from the timeline. However, the camera he and his friends have been using all along is left behind, back in the future, David and Christina are once again going through their fathers belongings, when they find their fathers camera as well as the alternate Davids camera

26.
Platinum Dunes
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Platinum Dunes is an American production company created in November 2001 by filmmakers Michael Bay, Brad Fuller, and Andrew Form. The company specializes in horror films, on October 7,2009, Paramount Pictures announced a first-look deal with Platinum Dunes. They plan to out of the horror genre into action. On May 27,2010, it was announced they will work on the reboot to the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles film series of the same name, in 2014, Platinum Dunes was named The Hollywood Reporters Producers of the Year. In 2015, the company was named to The Hollywood Reporters 30 Most Powerful Film Producers in Hollywood

27.
Area 51 (film)
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Area 51 is a 2015 American found footage science fiction horror film, written and directed by Oren Peli. The film stars Benjamin Rovner, Reid Warner and Darrin Bragg, the film was released in a limited release and through video on demand on May 15,2015 by Paramount Insurge. In a series of interviews conducted by friends, family and experts, discuss the disappearance of Reid, Darren and Ben. This obsession leads him to losing his job and distancing himself from his family, next, a shaky camcorder records Reid, Darren and Ben driving to a house party. At the party, they have lots of fun, but when Reid is dared into performing karaoke, thinking he just took off, Darren and Ben continue partying without him. On their way home, the two of them encounter Reid standing in the middle of the road, despite appearing dazed and quietsome, Reid says hes fine. The film then forwards three months later to where Reid, Darren and Ben are seen packing for a trip to Area 51, the group travels to Las Vegas, where they meet Reids friend, Jelena, another conspiracy theorist. Jelena reveals her father was an employee at Area 51, but was terminated from his job for asking too many questions, upon his death, he made Jelena hide all his secret files regarding the base before authorities could seize them. While reviewing her fathers documents in a locker, Jelena explains the true Area 51 base is in fact a mile below ground. She also mentions that her father was interested in a top-secret section only known as S4. They uncover a photograph of an man, who Jelena claims her father was constantly following. Reid and the guys agree the elderly man must be of value to the base and as such. To track him down, the park at the JANET terminal of McCarran International Airport, wherein Reid mentions its rumored meaning. Watching passengers disembark from unmarked Boeing 737s, they spot the man leaving the terminal in his car much to their amazement. They follow him to his home out in the suburbs and wait for nightfall, a few hours later, they watch the elderly man drive off. Reid uses the opportunity to sneak into his home via the garage door, Darren chases after him while Ben waits in the car. While searching the premises, their efforts are halted when Ben warns them on radio that the man is back. Reid and Darren hide in the house while the elderly man, the trio escape just in time just as the house lights suddenly turn on

28.
Blumhouse Productions
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Blumhouse Productions is an American film and television production company, founded by Jason Blum. Blumhouse is mostly known for producing low-budget horror films, such as Paranormal Activity, Insidious, The Purge, Sinister, Split, in 2014, Blumhouse produced the Academy Award–nominated drama film Whiplash, for which Blum was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. The company currently has a 10-year first-look deal with the studio Universal Pictures, according to various stories, the companys model is to produce movies independently and release them wide through the studio system. Blumhouse has a deal with Universal Pictures. Blumhouses highly profitable credits began in 2009 with Paranormal Activity, which was made for $15,000, the film was released by Paramount Pictures and grossed over $193 million worldwide. Blumhouse produced Insidious, which grossed over $97 million worldwide on a budget of $1.5 million, and Sinister, Blumhouse has worked with directors such as James Wan, Mike Flanagan, James DeMonaco, M. Night Shyamalan and Scott Derrickson. Blumhouse also produced The Boy Next Door, which was released on January 23,2015, in 2016 Blumhouse produced Hush, The Purge, Election Year, In a Valley of Violence and Ouija, Origin of Evil. In 2017 Blumhouse released Split, Get Out and The Belko Experiment, on the television side, Blumhouse has a first look deal with Lionsgate, and the company produced the short-lived series Stranded for Syfy and executive produced The River for ABC. For Halloween 2012, Blumhouse opened the Blumhouse of Horrors, a haunted house experience in Downtown Los Angeles. On September 9,2014 Blumhouse established BH Tilt, dedicated to generating movies from Blumhouse, the releases from BH Tilt are The Green Inferno, The Darkness, Incarnate, The Resurrection of Gavin Stone, The Belko Experiment, Sleight, Lowriders and Birth of the Dragon. On November 11,2014 Blumhouse launches Blumhouse Books, dedicated to having filmmakers and authors create original horror, the first couple releases are The Blumhouse Book of Nightmares, The Haunted City, The Apartment and Feral. On May 23,2016 it was announced that Blumhouse, Miramax, john Carpenter is set to produce the project and act as creative consultant. John Carpenter stated, Thirty-eight years after the original Halloween, Im going to help to try to make the 10th sequel the scariest of them all, the film is said to be a direct sequel to Halloween and Halloween II. On January 19,2017 Blumhouse Television, AMPLE and A&E revived the television series Cold Case Files for a run and is scheduled to air on February 27,2017

29.
Staten Island Summer
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Staten Island Summer is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Rhys Thomas and written by Colin Jost. The film stars Graham Phillips, Zack Pearlman, John DeLuca, Bobby Moynihan, Will Forte, Fred Armisen, Cecily Strong, the film was released for digital download on June 30,2015, by Paramount Pictures. The film is based on Danny and Franks last summer together before college and they are both working as lifeguards and trying to find summer hook ups. With a troubling set back they still manage to throw an end of the summer party. Greeley Colin Jost as Officer Callahan Jim Gaffigan as Dannys Dad Method Man as Konko Mary Birdsong as Bianca Manicucci Jackson Nicoll as Wendell On August 28,2013, on September 18,2013, Gina Gershon joined the cast. Principal photography began in August 2013, the film was released for digital download on June 30,2015. The film was released on July 31,2015, on Netflix, staten Island Summer at the Internet Movie Database

30.
Broadway Video
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Lorne Michaels, who launched Saturday Night Live in 1975, produced several television specials under the banner of Above Average Productions before incorporating Broadway Video in 1979. Michaels took the name from its location at 1619 Broadway in the historic Brill Building in New York. Initially, the principal activity was videotape post-production. One of its main clients was NBC, which hired Michaels to produce and edit Best of Saturday Night specials that aired in prime time. The specials and other comedy and musical projects helped Broadway Video grow “from a one-room operation into a production company, the foundation of a small empire. ”Broadway Video later “prospered” by moving into home entertainment, acquisition. With offices in New York and Los Angeles, the company has continued to develop films and its sitcom,30 Rock, ran for seven seasons between 2006 and 2013. Besides SNL, its current TV productions include The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, Late Night with Seth Meyers, Mulaney, Portlandia, The Awesomes, Man Seeking Woman, and The Maya Rudolph Show. The company’s Above Average Productions distributes its own original digital shorts, Broadway Video Enterprises distributes the company’s library and develops branded entertainment. Broadway Video Ventures invests in emerging technology, media, and entertainment companies, Broadway Video Television develops and produces primetime and late night programming. Its flagship show, Saturday Night Live, where Michaels remains Executive Producer, in 2014, Michaels took on the role of Executive Producer of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon. Since 2011, Broadway Video has produced Portlandia, the Peabody-winning IFC series created by Fred Armisen, Carrie Brownstein, the show, which has been renewed for a fifth season, is distributed in 91 nations. The company’s animated series, The Awesomes, created by Seth Meyers and Mike Shoemaker, premiered on Hulu in 2013 and is now in its second season. Mulaney, set to air on Fox in the fall of 2014, stars comedian John Mulaney, Slated to air on the FXX channel is Man Seeking Woman, ordered by IFC for 2015 is Documentary Now, created by Fred Armisen, Bill Hader, and Seth Meyers. The Maya Rudolph Show, a variety show starring the former SNL cast-member,30 Rock is currently in syndication. Michaels has developed and produced films as Mean Girls, Enigma, Tommy Boy, Lassie. His SNL Studios productions have included The Ladies Man, Superstar, michaels’ co-productions with John Goldwyn include The Guilt Trip, MacGruber, and Baby Mama. Broadway Video revived the Above Average name in June 2012, when it created a division for producing digital content, the company distributes original comedy shorts via its website, AboveAverage. com, and the Above Average network on YouTube. As of 2014, the network featured over 50 channel partners, including such comedy troupes as the Upright Citizens Brigade, The Lonely Island, Good Neighbor, POYKPAC, and BriTANicK

31.
Samuel Goldwyn Films
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Samuel Goldwyn Films is an American film company which licenses, releases and distributes art-house, independent and foreign films. It was founded by Samuel Goldwyn Jr. the son of the Hollywood business magnate/mogul, the current incarnation is a successor to The Samuel Goldwyn Company. This is a list of films distributed and/or produced by Samuel Goldwyn Films, one of the films produced by the company is Master and Commander, The Far Side of the World

32.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database

33.
Charles Phillips (businessman)
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Charles E. Phillips is an American business executive. He the CEO of Infor, a company specializes in enterprise software applications for specific industries. Prior to joining Infor, Phillips was co-president and director of Oracle Corporation from 2003 through 2010, and he is also a director at Viacom Corporation. Charles E. Phillips, Jr. was born in June 1959 in Little Rock, Arkansas, during his childhood his family moved often from state to state, and to Europe as well. Phillips was fascinated by computers and technology from an early age, when his eyesight did not meet the rigorous standard to be a pilot, he accepted a commission in the Marines. He joined as a Second Lieutenant, rising to the rank of Captain, and was stationed at Camp Lejeune in Jacksonville, North Carolina, Phillips obtained an MBA from Hampton University in 1986. He also attended New York Law School, obtaining a JD in 1993, from 1981 to 1986, Phillips was in the U. S. Marine Corps in the 2nd Battalion, 10th Marines artillery unit at Camp Lejeune in Jacksonville, North Carolina, managing computer systems. He had joined as a Second Lieutenant and rose through the ranks to become a Captain, Phillips began his civilian career in 1986, and he and his wife Karen moved to New York, where his wife had relatives. He joined BNY Mellon as Vice President of Software, and was at the company for four years. He then transferred to SoundView Technology Group, where he was Senior Vice President from 1990 through 1993, and Kidder Peabody, where he was Senior Vice President from 1990 through 1994. In 1994, Phillips joined Morgan Stanley as an enterprise software-industry analyst in the group, and he was promoted to Managing Director. Institutional Investor ranked him the number one Enterprise Software Industry Analyst for ten consecutive years, among Phillips industry contacts during his Wall Street years was Oracle Corporation CEO Larry Ellison, who invited him to join Oracle in 2003. Phillips accepted, and served as co-president and director of Oracle from 2003 to 2010, Phillips led Oracles field organization, and during his tenure he oversaw the companys revenue growth of nearly 300%. He also played a key role in Oracles long series of acquisitions of 70 companies, including PeopleSoft, BEA Systems, Hyperion Solutions, in 2007, InformationWeek called him Oracles Secret Weapon. After seven years growing the company, Phillips resigned from Oracle in September 2010, in October 2010 Phillips was announced as CEO of Infor, the world’s third largest provider of enterprise applications and services, and the world’s largest privately owned software company. He was joined by several high-ranking Oracle executives, in October 2011, Phillips moved Infors headquarters from the Atlanta suburb of Alpharetta, Georgia to New York Citys Silicon Alley. Phillips immediately set about re-directing Infor and its efforts, instilling a corporate culture of camaraderie, goodwill and he also focused Infor on excellent design and product coherence, establishing product usability and highly attractive modern interface as key components in Infors software lines. Infor now maintains a design directive of work is beautiful, under his direction Infor updated big industry-specific applications from older software languages to. Net and Java programming languages

34.
Viacom Media Networks
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Its sister international division is Viacom International Media Networks. The company was founded in 1984 after Warner Communications and American Express decided to divest the basic cable assets of Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment, renaming it as MTV Networks, Warner-Amex had originally created and owned Nickelodeon, MTV, VH1 and The Movie Channel. Viacom acquired 66% of the company in 1985 and then acquired the remaining interest in 1986 and it was then folded into Viacom International Inc. a subsidiary of Viacom Inc. and is no longer a distinct legal entity. Viacom Media Networks family of brands is divided into three sections, based on the type of programming and audiences they serve. All networks are simulcasted in high definition aside from the music networks. The company also owns internet properties, such as MTV News, MTV International, the company ran a virtual world system, Virtual MTV in the late 2000s. It formerly owned Neopets, Atom Entertainment, and other web properties before shutting them down or selling them to companies in the 2000s and 2010s. Viacom had a division called MTV Games, which used to publish the Rock Band and Dance Central series by Harmonix Music Systems. MTV Networks opened another game division called 345 Games in New York City, the Rock Band series and the Dance Central series will be published by other publishers. The first game published by 345 Games was Ugly Americans, Apocalypsegaddeon based on the Comedy Central TV series, recently,345 Games has announced a video game based on the popular MMA franchise, Bellator Fighting Championships. Viacom International Media Networks is a division of Viacom International and its headquarters are based in New York, London, Warsaw and Buenos Aires. It consists of 64 localized MTV channels, MTV Live HD, VH1, Nickelodeon, TMF, VIVA, Comedy Central, Game One, Nitrome Limited, Shockwave, Addicting Games, Atom Films and Xfire. S. Including MTV, Comedy Central and Nickelodeon are experiencing falls in viewership unlike other US broadcasters, MTV, Comedy Central and Nickelodeon are of most concern to investors

35.
BET
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Black Entertainment Television is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the BET Networks division of Viacom. It is the most prominent television network targeting African American audiences, the channel has offices in Washington, D. C. New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago, programming on the network consists of original and acquired television series and theatrically and direct-to-video-released films. After stepping down as a lobbyist for the industry, Freeport. Johnson would soon acquire a loan for $15,000 and a $500,000 investment from media executive John Malone to start the network, the network, which was named Black Entertainment Television, launched on January 25,1980. Initially broadcasting for two hours a week as a block of programming on Nickelodeon, the lineup consisted of music videos. BET launched a program, BET News, in 1988. In 1996, the talk show BET Tonight debuted with Tavis Smiley as host, in 2001, in 1991, the network became the first black-controlled TV company to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In 2001, the network lost its status as a business when it was bought by media conglomerate Viacom for $3 billion. In 2005, Johnson retired from the network, turning over his titles of president, by 2007, the network had launched two more music-oriented networks, BET Hip-Hop and BET Gospel. BETs president of entertainment Reginald Hudlin resigned from the network on September 11,2008 and he was then replaced by Stephen Hill, who is also executive vice president of music programming and talent. BET announced in March 2010 that Ed Gordon would return to the network to host a variety of news programs, original programming currently seen on BET include Real Husbands of Hollywood, and Being Mary Jane. By the early 2010s, the only regularly airing urban music video program on BET was 106 & Park, BET also airs a program block called BET Inspiration which features Christian programming. In the years after the cancellation of 106 & Park, would BET resume airing infomercials in early mornings and, in 2017, its Christian programming block changed its name to BET Rejoice. In addition, the channel broadcasts acquired television series, primarily in the form of sitcoms, drama series, feature films released theatrically and on home video are also aired on the channel, comprising much of its primetime and weekend schedule. The BET Walk of Fame Awards were established in 1995 by BET, the BET Awards were established in 2001 by the network to celebrate African Americans and other minorities in music, acting, sports and other fields of entertainment over the past year. The awards are presented annually and broadcast live on BET, BET commissioned Artist/Sculptor and Hip-Hop culture icon Carlos Mare139 Rodriguez to design the Award sculpture. Global promotion is provided by Kroszover Entertainment, the BET Honors were established in 2008 by the network to honor the lives and achievements of African-American luminaries

36.
BET Gospel
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BET Gospel is a television network in the United States that provides gospel and inspirational programming. The network, a spin-off of BET, mixes new and classic shows as well as original gospel-oriented programming, BET Gospel currently runs on an automated loop schedule. In 2016, the channel was updated and programming now consists of recent uplifting music videos, as well as gospel themed series and it officially launched on July 1,2002

Filmmaking (or, in an academic context, film production) is the process of making a film, generally in the sense of …

Steven Spielberg (standing) with Chandran Rutnam in Sri Lanka, during the production of "Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom" (released 1984)

Sound recordist Curtis Choy (left) on location for Dim Sum: a Little Bit of Heart, an indie film by director Wayne Wang (center) on Clement Street in the Richmond District of San Francisco, California 1983. Photo by Nancy Wong

The network's fourth logo made its debut on air in 1991, and ran until 2004. The first version of the logo consisted of a red "C", a yellow "M", and a blue "T", all in black squares, similar to a child's alphabet blocks, and was often seen in various color schemes in Station ID's. In 1997, a "GENUINE" stamp was added to the logo. Its colors were swapped in 2000 by MTV.

BET Jams is an American digital cable television network that is controlled by BET Networks and owned by Viacom Media …

Second logo as MTV Jams, used from April 13, 2012 until October 5, 2015

The network's logo from the launch of MTV Jams in 2002 until April 13, 2012; often the logo took on different coloring. The logo was modified in February 2010 to remove the Music Television tag, though the publicity department of MTV Networks never released a version of that logo.