Middle Passage: Topic: Slavery/ reference Olaudah Equiano;

Was the crossing of the Atlantic Ocean or the "Middle Passage". The human cargo was transported form Africa Across the Atlantic Ocean and brought to the New World. To cross the Atlantic could take up to 90 days to 4 months--Slaves are chained together in uncomfortable positions, surrounded by horrible conditions(feces, crowded together, disease, etc) The women were abused sexually by the ship mates and people were abused all together to keep order on the ship to keep from rebellion by the slaves.

--2 million people died in the crossing

--"World greatest Migration" -- Lecture

-- A complex system that existed over a large geographic area./ Helped establish or was the building block for modern society.

Nova Scotia:

The British territory on the east coast of Canada where runaway slaves who fought for the British in the revolutionary war were taken and promised freedom. Unfortunatlly it did not work out as promised.

H.R. 40

- Repairing the Past: New efforts in the reparations debate in America, by Charles J. Ogletree Jr.

- Commission to study reparations proposals for African-American Act.

- Proposed by John Coyners, the bill is intended to acknowledge the fundemental injustice, cruelty, brutality and inhumanity of slavery in the United States and the 13 American colonies between 1619 and 1865.

- Sanford Dole was a lawyer and jurist in the Hawaiian Islands as a kingdom, protectorate, republic and territory. Dole and other lawyers of American descent drafted this document, which became known as the "Bayonet Constitution." Dole was named president of the Provisional Government of Hawaii that was formed after the coup, and was recognized within 48 hours by all nations with diplomatic ties to the Kingdom of Hawaii, with the exception of the United Kingdom.

Makua Valley:

military uses the valley for live fire training

the valley is home to endangered plants/animals and artifacts. Talked about in "Noho Hewa" Makua meaning parent, think about the connections Hawaiians have with the land and how there is an immense military presence and control over these lands, the lead poisoning and exploitive means against the locals.

Capitalism:

an economic system in which investment in and ownership of themeans of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is madeand maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations,especially as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned meansof wealth.

Korl:

Hugh Wolfe:

the victim of Life in the Iron Mills, a poor Iron Mills worker who wants to know what makes his bosses better than himself, he finds the answer in money. Deborah's love interest who steals her bosses money to give to Hugh so they can get out of town. He turns it in and is in turn sentenced to 19 years hard labor, instead of suffering anymore he commits suicide.

Imperialism:

using diplomacy or military force to help strengthen a countries power &influence. unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationships, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination.

Social Democracy:

Fascism:

radical authoritarian nationalist political ideology. Fascists believe that a nation requires strong leadership, singular collective identity, and the will and ability to commit violence and wage war in order to keep the nation strong. single party totalitarian rule. ruled by a "supreme leader" also known as a dictator.

Lebensraum:

the German equivalent of "elbow room", The territory mostly believed by Nazis to be necessary for national existence or economic self suficiency. The contention that german speaking peoples had been forced to living under foriegn governments and the land that they occupied must be brought back under German control, was an excuse to invade and subjugate neighboring countries;

Nanjing:

Hamburg:

First stategic bombing of civilians in WWII.

- From "WWII" week and Murray Sayle's "Did the Bomb End the War?"

- The test sight for Air Marshal Sir Arthur Harris' radical new tactic called "Window" which was dropping strips of aluminum foid and a primitive airborne radar that pained a crude picture of the terrain below.

- 1.5 citizens

- RAF attacked with 728 aircraft (B-17s) 25 July 1943

- Birthplace of the "firestorm"

- a city in Germany

- a target for many strategic bombing missions

- a large industrial center which included shipyards, u-boat pins, and oil refineries

- The Battle of Hamburg: received a campaign of air raids that lasted 8 days and 7 nights