Energy dissipation (damping) in structures/materials is important as it reduces resonant amplitudes/noise levels giving enhanced integrity and life cycle behavior. If we then go to the nanoscale, the damping levels/dynamics of materials are mostly unknown and require extensive investigations. By invoking the properties of nano-auxetics/nanostructures it may be possible to control the wave propagation in the material and thus enhance the energy dissipation. In this paper, the concepts of nanotechnology-based fan blade have been introduced and CNT-reinforced hollow micro-balloon-based syntactic foams/composites and damping coatings have been applied so as to develop the next generation aerospace components. Simple numerical methods for predicting damping in filled blades have been validated experimentally under rotating conditions. Damping levels exceeding Q=100 have been demonstrated on fan blades under non-rotating conditions showing the design potential of the concept. CNT-reinforced micro-balloons have been shown to affect not only the damping performance/strength, but also the integrity under static, impact and fatigue loads. While CNT-reinforced ceramic balloons are desirable for maximizing stiffness, polymeric ones have been shown to be better for damping and integrity. The results (fig. 1) clearly show that the analytical methods used are reliable and that significant levels of damping can be achieved in fan blades using the cavity fill concept.