Laparoscopic surgery in great adrenal malignant masses.CONCLUSIONS: We believe that laparoscopic surgery of large masses of malignant behavior depends on the capsular integrity and their relationship to adjacent structures rather than tumor size or the internal characteristics of tumor on imaging tests.
PMID: 27845698 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia)Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - November 17, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

Renal trauma in adolescent skateboarders.CONCLUSIONS: We would emphasize these cases as an emergent urological warning. Scientific information and medical education should be addressed from physicians to a targeted population, in order to reduce among teens the incidence of injuries of such at-risk activity.
PMID: 27845699 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia)Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - November 17, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

[Indications and morbidity associated with double J catheters.]Authors: Cepeda M, Mainez JA, de la Cruz B, Amón JH
Abstract
The use of double J catheters is usual in urologist's daily practice. The indication can be divided in prophylactic or therapeutic. Prophylactically, they prevent complications derived from endourological procedures, such as ureteral lesion or obstructive uropathy secondary to residual lithiasis or edema. Therapeutically, they treat obstructive uropathy of many different pathologies, either in an emergency setting or scheduled, such as lithiasis, stenosis, extrinsic compression of any nature or urinary tract tumors among others. Although they add c...Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - October 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

[Impact in the quality of life of the patients with double J catheter.]CONCLUSION: Double J stents have an important symptomatic impact that impairs QoL. They should be used under appropriate indication; their duration should be limited and we must employ all the technological and pharmacological approaches to mitigate their effects.
PMID: 27725323 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia)Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - October 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

Urinary tract infections associated with ureteral stents: A Review.CONCLUSIONS: While many promising ideas for new stent coatings and materials have been tested, no significant improvement to current polyurethane stent technology is commonly available or used. The basic principles of antibiotic prophylaxis at time of insertion, avoiding contamination, and minimising dwell times remain the best methods to prevent stent-associated infections.
PMID: 27725324 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia)Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - October 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

[Pediatric urinary tract catheters.]Authors: Cabezalí D, Tordable C, Gómez A
Abstract
Urinary tract catheters are hollow and flexible tubes used to facilitate urine output or to achieve urine transit through them. We can find different types of catheters depending on the purpose they have been designed for: urethral, cystostomy and ureteral catheters among others. We review the indications for insertion of these catheters, their designs, composition, covering materials, insertion techniques and associated complications. Pediatric catheters are behind what is produced for adults, so we perform a bibliographic review about urinary cathete...Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - October 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

[Management of malignant ureteral obstruction.]CONCLUSIONS: Results in MUO are very heterogeneous and have a low evidence level. Factors that influence results include stent characteristics, status and prognosis of the obstructive condition and probably patient and physician's preferences. Polymeric double J stents seem to have higher early and late failure rates than metallic double J catheters and metallic stents. Even though, the difference is not clearly evident. Prospective, multicenter, multidisciplinary trials are necessary to elucidate convenience and adequate selection of each type of stent.
PMID: 27725327 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia)Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - October 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

[Medical treatment of symptoms associated with double J catheters: Scientific evidence.]Authors: Serrano A, Salinas J, López de Alda S, Parra F, Sánchez M, Ruiz León MA, Moreno J
Abstract
Double J stents are used in Urology in an important number of pathologies. These devices contribute to solve very prevalent pathologies such as upper urinary tract lithiasis. However, there are very frequent symptoms associated with double J catheters that may produce a very important constraint on the quality of life of patients. Although theses symptoms are not severe in most cases, they require medical treatment to be solved in certain patients. Several types of drugs such as analgesics, anti-...Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - October 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

[Antirreflux ureteral catheters.]Authors: Soria F, de la Cruz JE, Morcillo E, Rioja J, Sánchez-Margallo FM
Abstract
Double-J ureteral stents disposal is associated with the appearance of side effects in up to 90% of the patients. The main causes of these symptoms are related to stent's design and the materials they are manufactured from. Vesicoureteral reflux and bladder trigone irritation are the etiopathogenic causes of ureteral stents associated morbidity. Due to this, and in order to improve patients' quality of life, stents that avoid reflux have been developed. Among anti-reflux designs, the first was a double-J stent the bladder tip ...Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - October 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

[Biodegradable catheters and urinary stents. When?]Authors: Soria F, Morcillo E, López de Alda A, Pastor T, Sánchez-Margallo FM
Abstract
One of the main wishes in the field of urinary catheters and stents is to arm them with biodegradable characteristics because we consider a failure of these devices the need for retrieval, the forgotten catheter syndrome as well as the adverse effects permanent devices cause after fulfilling their aim. The efforts focused in new designs, coatings and biomaterials aim to increase the biocompatibility of theses internal devices. Lately, there have been correct advances to answer the main challenges regarding biodegrada...Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - October 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

[Catheterization after ureteroscopy. Always? never? when?]CONCLUSIONS: It seems advisable to place a JJ stent in complicated cases or in those considered to have a higher risk of postoperative complications. In the rest of cases it seems that stenting after ureteroscopy involves more problems tan benefits.
PMID: 27725332 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia)Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - October 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

[The use of ureteral stents and catheters in renal transplantation.]CONCLUSIONS: The use of ureteral catheters in the extravesical ureteroneocystostomy reduces the incidence of anastomotic complications. Surgery is the treatment of choice of post-transplant ureteral stenosis. The use of metallic stents and extra-anatomic bypasses should be limited to complex ureteral stenosis when primary therapy has failed, in high surgical risk patients or chronic graft dysfunction.
PMID: 27725333 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia)Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - October 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

[Metallic ureteral stents. Present and future.]Authors: Morcillo E, Fernández I, Pamplona M, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Soria F
Abstract
The management of ureteral obstruction of malignant origin or complicated benign obstruction continues to be a challenge for the urological community. In this sense, the use of metallic stents could be considered a useful alternative to the conventional drainage techniques, because it accomplishes the resolution of obstruction in a single procedure, without external diversions and without the adverse effects of current diversions. Another important advantage they offer is that they do not need replacement as frequently...Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - October 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

Drug eluting stent in urology.Authors: Kallidonis P, Ntasiotis P, Kamal W, Kyriazis I, Liatsikos E
Abstract
The Drug eluting stents (DESs) are the most commonly used stents in interventional cardiology. DESs have been shown to minimize the restenosis rate after stenting the coronary vessels by addressing the phenomena of smooth muscle proliferation and inflammation. The effect of the DESs is attributed to the antiproliferative drugs which are coated onto the stent and are released in controlled fashion. The anti-proliferative drugs reduce the hyperplastic reaction by inhibiting the smooth muscle cell cycle and their proliferation. Urological st...Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - October 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

Update in urethral stents.Authors: Bahouth Z, Meyer G, Yildiz G, Nativ O, Moskovitz B
Abstract
Urethral stents were first introduced in 1988, and since then, they have undergone significant improvements. However, they did not gain a wide popularity and their use is limited to a small number of centers around the world. Urethral stents can be used in the entire urethra and for various and diverse indications. In the anterior urethra, it can be used to treat urethral strictures. In the prostatic urethra, they can be used for the treatment of prostatic obstruction, including benign, malignant and iatrogenic prostatic obstruction. Moreover, alt...Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - October 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

[Treatment of pediatric lithiasis in the lithotripsy and endourology unit of "Hospital La Luz". Commented retrospective of our case series.]CONCLUSIONS: We conclude in this study that ESWL in children was the most appropriate procedure for renal and proximal and middle-third ureteral lithiasis. Kidney stones measuring 2 to 3 cm can be treated without additional procedures or combined approaches. In contrast cystine stones caused the major problems for fragmentation. Moreover, the use of double J catheters increased the need for ESWL when catheter calcification occurred and endoscopic removal was impossible. The benefits of this method must be individually assessed both for the benefit of the temporary placement as well as for the expectation of permanence. We ...Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - September 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

[Diagnosis of urethral stenosis and follow-up after Urethroplasty.]This article presents a review of the different tests used for the evaluation and follow-up of urethral strictures. Because there is no consensus on how to assess urethral pathology, we reviewed each of the next follow-up tests: questionnaires, uroflowmetry, ultrasound, urethroscopy, urethrogram, CT scan and MRI, outlining their benefits and limitations in the diagnosis and follow-up of urethral stricture. Urethrogram and urethroscopy are the most commonly used tests, as they are those that give us more information on the evaluation of stenosis and for surgery planning. Questionnaires and uroflowmetry play a key role in th...Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - September 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

Failure of Bacillus Calmette-Gu érin therapy in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Definition and treatment options.CONCLUSIONS: The definition, prediction, and treatment of BCG failure remain topics of debate. Patients with BCG failure need carefully selected, individualized therapy in experienced hands. Stratification of patients with BCG failure into groups can identify those with a better or worse prognosis. RC should be the selected option if a patient experiences BCG failure, but several promising intravesical salvage options are available for those cases in which the patient is unfit for surgery or bladder preservation is preferred. Currently data are still inadequate to allow formulation of definitive recommendations, and larger...Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - September 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

Low cost silicone renal replicas for surgical training - technical note.CONCLUSION: The presented technique is simple to perform and beyond basic 3D printer it does not require any other expensive equipment. The final silicone model reproduces shape and elasticity of the living organ and has similar mechanical strength. These properties of silicone replica in combination with the presented technique can be used to prepare other artificial organs, ready for a simulation of treatment.
PMID: 27617553 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia)Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - September 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

Enzalutamide as monotherapy for advanced prostate cancer: why not?CONCLUSION: It is mandatory to validate these early results on the use on Enzalutamide monotherapy for advanced prostate cancer, hormone-sensitive or castration resistant, metastatic or not, but in the meantime, we wonder, why not?
PMID: 27617558 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia)Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - September 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

[Imaging diagnosis in Focal Therapy for prostate cancer: Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging].Authors: Lista Mateos F, Castillo Gallo E
Abstract
The use of prostatic multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) has increased significantly over the last years, and has emerged as a crucial test for diagnosis, staging and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). The use of the various available sequences (T2W, T1W, diffusion, perfusion and spectroscopy), as well as the different parameters they associate, not only enables to determine the group of patients subsidiary of focal ablative therapy, but also to perform a proper determination of the áreas to treat, as well as to monitor the development of therapy and to evaluate bo...Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - July 17, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

[Localized prostate cancer Focal Therapy: "A la carte" Model].We present the criteria the "a la carte" model is based on, supported by the published evidence on the use of different ablative therapies for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Lesion localization, technical characteristics of each type of energy, patient's profile and secondary effects must be considered in every choice of focal therapy.
PMID: 27416638 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia)Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - July 17, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

[Low and intermediate risk prostate cancer: Treatment options].Authors: Miñana-López B, Reina-Alcaina L, Rivero-Guerra A, Rosino-Sánchez A, Izquierdo-Morejón E, Pietricica B
Abstract
Patients with low and intermediate risk prostate cancer are the most frequently diagnosed group currently. In those with a life expectancy inferior to 10 years it is highly likely that treatment is not necessary so that observation must be the most appropriate approach. In patients in whom active therapy, in any of its forms, is indicated, it is necessary to balance between risk of dying or developing metastases from the disease and adverse effects of commonly accepted ...Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - July 17, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

Changing the prostate cancer management pathway: why Focal Therapy is a step forward.Authors: Marra G, Gontero P, Valerio M
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) remains an exception among solid cancers since organ-sparing procedures are not considered as a standard option. Despite most men harbour low to intermediate risk disease at diagnosis, the vast majority are advised towards radical treatment. We performed a literature review to highlight and discuss why focal therapy (FT) would represent a feasible and attractive option in appropriately selected men. The rationale supporting this strategy relies in epidemiological, pathological, molecular and clinical findings. These include the shift towards the ...Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - July 16, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

Imaging modalities in Focal Therapy: Multiparametric Ultrasound.CONCLUSION: Several US modalities have been successfully applied as a viable alternative to monitor tissue destruction during and after treatment. In view of the advantages of US and the promising results of a multiparametric approach in PCa detection and localization, researchers are urged to further investigate mpUS for therapeutic purposes.
PMID: 27416631 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia)Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - July 16, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

Prostate biopsies: Available technique, approaches and diagnostic accuracy.Authors: Reddy BN, Bessede T, Reddy A, Nair S, Tewari AK, Rastinehad AR
Abstract
Despite advances in the diagnosis of prostate cancer over the past century, it remains a leading cause of cancer related death. A recent recommendation against screening has further complicated the diagnosis and management of this condition. It remains to be demonstrated if newer diagnostic modalities will have an impact on mortality rates. Most certainly, not all prostate cancers need to be diagnosed, and methods of accurately diagnosing those cancers that lead to death needs more work. In this review article, we describe the differen...Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - July 16, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research

High intensity focused ultrasound for Focal Therapy of prostate cancer.Authors: Sivaraman A
Abstract
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a heat based energy source used for tissue ablation. HIFU has several clinical applications and prostate cancer ablation is one of the uses that have been explored for more than a decade. Focal therapy is an alternative treatment option for selected patients with low/intermediate PCa, that is based on complete ablation of tumor within the prostate with preservation of normal parenchyma and better preservation of Genitourinary functions. In spite of PCa being predominantly a multi-centric disease, it is postulated that a specific dominant (lar...Source: Archivos Espanoles de Urologia - July 16, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Arch Esp Urol Source Type: research