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Genetic variability is created by genetic recombination and independent assortment during meiosis and what?

mutations

What type of reproduction leads to genetic variability?

sexual reproduction

Gametes produced through meiosis are not identical because of independent assortment AND what process?

crossing over (genetic recombination)

A beneficial one of these can lead to a new allele for a gene. A harmful one of these often leads to genetic defects and death

mutations

If a population is at a genetic equilibrium (gene frequencies remain the same) then evolution is or is not occurring?

is NOT.

If natural selection is favoring a particular form of a trait and non of the other forms (black color only) then what type of selection is most likely occurring?

directional

If a population is undergoing evolution then the frequency of genes is changing or not changing?

changing

If a population is stable with 30% black and 70% brown, the population is in what?

genetic equilibrium.

If natural selection is favoring two extreme forms of a trait (black and white but not brown), what type of selection is most likely occurring?

disruptive

If natural selection is favoring the most common form of a trait then what type of selection is most likely occurring?

stabilizing

What is an anatomical feature that no longer seems to have a purpose in the current form of an organism of the given species. It may have performed some important function in the organism at one point in the past.

Vestigial structure

What is an organ or bone that appears in different animals, underlining anatomical commonalities demonstrating descent from a common ancestor.

homologous structure

What is an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in an environment

Fitness

What is a beneficial mutation that increases and organism's fitness

adaptation

What is a mechanism of evolution in which allele frequencies of a population change over generations due to chance

genetic drift

What fields provide support for common ancestry?

Genetic data, embryology anatomy and paleontology.

What is reproductive isolation?

The inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to behavioral and physiological barriers or differences.

What is geographic isolation?

A population of organisms that is separated from exchanging genetic material with other organisms of the same species by a physical barrier. A common way for speciation to begin. This is called allopatric speciation.