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The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate in 750, and quickly consolidated their power by removing potential opponents. By 762 the new caliph had secured his position, and set about building a new administrative capital on the banks of the Tigris at a site previously occupied by an ancient village. Situated at a junction with the Sarat Canal that connected to the Euphrates, the new city benefited not only from plentiful access to water but also control over important trade routes.
Construction began on 30 July 762 after two royal astrologers determined that the city would fare best if built under the sign of Leo. Many thousands of workers, ranging from architects and engineers to unskilled labourers, were brought from around the Empire to complete the task. Four straights roads led directly to the centre of the city through concentric circular walls, the outer of which stood 80 feet high. The circular layout of Baghdad was said to be the only one of its type in the world at the time.
Construction was completed in 766 and the city was named Madinat al-Salaam or City of Peace, although the ancient name Baghdad was also used. The city soon established itself as a centre of learning and trade. A sophisticated system of commerce quickly developed, fuelled by the city’s connections to the east, which led to Baghdad becoming a multicultural hub as merchants settled to benefit from these links.
The growing population fuelled the development of schools which included the unrivalled House of Wisdom. This acted as a catalyst for the Golden Age of Islam that is widely accepted to have lasted until the Siege of Baghdad in 1258.

A brief History about The House of WisdomBaghdad (Baitul Hikmah) which was the Intellectual power House during Islamic Golden Age.
**********************************
Suggested Videos:-
1. Most Recent Upload https://goo.gl/Uo7x7B
2. Most Popular Upload https://goo.gl/s127sK
3. Subscribe to Islam - History https://goo.gl/GVhHsC
4. Islam-History Blog https://islamnhistory.blogspot.com/
**********************************
1,200 years ago, Baghdad was the thriving capital of the Muslim world. It was home to the House of Wisdom, an academy of knowledge that attracted brains from far and wide. From mathematics and astronomy to zoology, the academy was a major centre of research, thought and debate in Muslim Civilisation.
In the medieval Arabic world "House of Wisdom" of Baghdad was the epicenter of learning. The legendary Bayt al-Hikma meaning “House of Wisdom” was a library and a translation institute established somewhere later in the 8th century by CaliphHarun al-Rashid.
Some of Baghdad’s most famous Caliphs including Al-Rashid and Al-Ma’mun had taken a personal interest in collecting global, ground-breaking scientific works. As well as collecting books from East and West, they brought together scholars from the corners of the Muslim land to create one of the greatest intellectual academies in history.
The House of Wisdom was initially built by Caliph Haround Al-Rasheed (ruled 786 – 809 CE) as a magnificent library named Khizanat al-Hikma (Library of Wisdom) that included manuscripts and books collected by his father and grandfather about various subjects in the arts and the sciences and in different languages.
Three decades later, the collection had grown so large that his son, Caliph Al-Ma’mun, built extensions to the original building turning it into a large academy named Bayt al-Hikma (the House of Wisdom) that housed different branches of knowledge
It is in this House of Wisdom, for the next 4 to 5 hundred years alchemists, scientists, scholars, writers, men of letters, copyists painstakingly learned, read, wrote and translated manuscripts that were originally Farsi, Aramaic, Syriac, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, Devanagari and other languages and linguistically converted them into Arabic and circulated the Arabic translated texts throughout the then Arabic speaking world. There were a couple of technical reasons why House of Wisdom was in Baghdad. For starter, it was the then capital of Islamic empire and secondly it was in Baghdad where, during this era, world's very first recorded paper mill was established which made it possible for widespread literacy in that region and by 10th century paper replaced the usage of parchment and papyrus in the Arab world.
It was in this House of Wisdom, that the Islamic empire witnessed some of its most brilliant minds whose work later gave birth to the European renaissance. Some of the Islamic scholars associated with House of Wisdom were Persian mathematician Al-Khwarizmi, the Banu Musa brothers of Persia who were known for their works on automatic machines and machinery devices, the Sindhi scientist Sind ibn Ali who was born in modern day Pakistan, the great Iraqi scientist Al-Kindi, who is unanimously considered as the “Father of Islamic or Arabic philosophy”, the Iraqi-Christian physician, scholar Hunayn ibn Ishaq, known for his translation of Syriac texts into Arabic and the mathematician Thabit ibn Qurra, who was born in modern day Turkey and belonged to the Sabian religion of the Mesopotamia and many other scholars and gifted minds.
Other names associated with the House of Wisdom include: Banu Musa bin Shakir Al-Munajjim (the Astronomer); Yahya bin Abi Mansour Al-Munajjim Al-Ma'mouni (the Ma'moun Astronomer); Muhammad bin Musa Al-Khawarizmi; Sa'eed bin Haroun Al-Katib (the Scribe); Hunayn bin Ishaq (Isaacs) Al-'Ibadi, and his son Ishaq; Thabit bin Qurra; and ‘Umar bin Farrukhan Al-Tibar.
A wide range of languages including Arabic, Farsi, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Greek and Latin were spoken and read at the House of Wisdom.
Sadly in 1258, the prestigious House of Wisdom was utterly destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Baghdad. Historically there is a saying that during and aftermath of the invasion the waters of Tigris river ran black with the ink from the enormous quantities of books that were thrown into the ancient river and red from the blood of all the scientists, scholars and philosophers who were killed by the armies of Hulagu Khan, the Mongol ruler who committed histories one of the most atrocious massacres.
**********************************
#HouseofWiisdom
#IslamicGoldenAge
#IslamHistory

published:24 Aug 2018

views:5152

BAGHDAD — Gunmen seized 18 Turkish personnel from a Ankara-based construction company in northeastern Baghdad on Wednesday morning in what appears to be a targeted kidnapping.
Turkish workers were kidnapped from a stadium under construction in Sadr City, a Shi'ite district in Baghdad, Iraq. No one has yet claimed responsibility for the kidnapping, but the Wall Street Journal reports Iraqi officials doubt Wednesday's attack was the work of the Islamic State as the area is a Shi'ite stronghold.
Iraqi security officials say that at 3:00 a.m. on Wednesday, 20 SUVs pulled up in front of the construction building. Men wearing military uniforms and masks then somehow scaled the compound's three-metre high, concrete wall.
The masked men "stormed" the site, according to the Los Angeles Times, disarmed the guards inside, and took the workers from their trailers. Turkish officials said that the kidnapped include 14 Turkish construction workers, three engineers and one accountant.
According to the Wall Street Journal, the construction company recently reduced its security personnel to "a minimum."
----------------------------------------­---------------------
Welcome to TomoNews, where we animate the most entertaining news on the internets. Come here for an animated look at viral headlines, US news, celebrity gossip, salacious scandals, dumb criminals and much more! Subscribe now for daily news animations that will knock your socks off.
Visit our official website for all the latest, uncensored videos: http://us.tomonews.net
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-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Crying dog breaks the internet’s heart — but this sad dog story has a happy ending"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4prKTN9bYQc
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-

published:04 Sep 2015

views:5492

After the fall of the Umayyads, the first Muslim dynasty, the victorious Abbasid rulers wanted their own capital from which they could rule. They chose a site north of the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon (and also just north of where ancient Babylon had once stood), and on 30 July 762 the caliph Al-Mansur commissioned the construction of the city. It was built under the supervision of the Barmakids. Mansur believed that Baghdad was the perfect city to be the capital of the Islamic empire under the Abbasids. Mansur loved the site so much he is quoted saying: "This is indeed the city that I am to found, where I am to live, and where my descendants will reign afterward"
-----------------------------------
This video is extracted from 36 Lectures course called
"Turning Points in Middle EasternHistory" instructed by ProfessorEamonn Gearon
For more information Please visit https://www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/show/turning_points_in_middle_eastern_history?tn=Also+By+This+Professor_0_0

Baghdad

Baghdad (Arabic:بغداد‎,بغداد Kurdish:Bexda‎, Iraqi pronunciation:[bɐʁˈd̪ɑːd̪]) is the capital of the Republic of Iraq. The population of Baghdad, as of 2011, is approximately 7,216,040, making it the largest city in Iraq, the second largest city in the Arab world (after Cairo, Egypt), and the second largest city in Western Asia (after Tehran, Iran). According to the government, the population of the country has reached 35million, with 9million in the capital.

Located along the Tigris River, the city was founded in the 8th century and became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. Within a short time of its inception, Baghdad evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center for the Islamic world. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions (e.g. House of Wisdom), garnered the city a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning".

Throughout the High Middle Ages, Baghdad was considered to be the largest city in the world with an estimated population of 1,200,000 people. The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through many centuries due to frequent plagues and multiple successive empires. With the recognition of Iraq as an independent state (formerly the British Mandate of Mesopotamia) in 1938, Baghdad gradually regained some of its former prominence as a significant center of Arab culture.

Baghdad (EP)

Baghdad is a 7-inchEP released by Americanpunk rock band The Offspring on May 15, 1991. It is currently out of print, but sold 3000 copies within one week of its release. Although Baghdad has never been reissued on CD in its entirety, one of the songs were later released on compilations: "Baghdad" was released on Rock Against Bush, Vol. 1 (Fat Wreck Chords, 2004). The band's official website does not list Baghdad in the otherwise comprehensive discography anymore (as of July 2013, the website lists only the studio albums and their Greatest Hits compilation album).

Track listing

Track Notes

The EP includes an early version of "Get It Right" of which a later version was released on their second studio albumIgnition. The title track "Baghdad" was a re-recording of the song "Tehran" which appeared on the Offspring's debut self-titled album in 1989. It switches the words "Tehran" (the capital of Iran) for "Baghdad" (the capital of Iraq). The EP also includes a cover version of "Hey Joe" by Billy Roberts (a different version from what was later released on "Gone Away") and a previous unreleased instrumental track "The Blurb", which would not appear on any future recordings, but served as the basis for an early version of "Genocide", as well as "Change the World".

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30th July 762: Construction begins on the city of Baghdad under Caliph Al-Mansur

30th July 762: Construction begins on the city of Baghdad under Caliph Al-Mansur

30th July 762: Construction begins on the city of Baghdad under Caliph Al-Mansur

The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate in 750, and quickly consolidated their power by removing potential opponents. By 762 the new caliph had secured his position, and set about building a new administrative capital on the banks of the Tigris at a site previously occupied by an ancient village. Situated at a junction with the Sarat Canal that connected to the Euphrates, the new city benefited not only from plentiful access to water but also control over important trade routes.
Construction began on 30 July 762 after two royal astrologers determined that the city would fare best if built under the sign of Leo. Many thousands of workers, ranging from architects and engineers to unskilled labourers, were brought from around the Empire to complete the task. Four straights roads led directly to the centre of the city through concentric circular walls, the outer of which stood 80 feet high. The circular layout of Baghdad was said to be the only one of its type in the world at the time.
Construction was completed in 766 and the city was named Madinat al-Salaam or City of Peace, although the ancient name Baghdad was also used. The city soon established itself as a centre of learning and trade. A sophisticated system of commerce quickly developed, fuelled by the city’s connections to the east, which led to Baghdad becoming a multicultural hub as merchants settled to benefit from these links.
The growing population fuelled the development of schools which included the unrivalled House of Wisdom. This acted as a catalyst for the Golden Age of Islam that is widely accepted to have lasted until the Siege of Baghdad in 1258.

The House of Wisdom Baghdad (Baitul Hikmah)

A brief History about The House of WisdomBaghdad (Baitul Hikmah) which was the Intellectual power House during Islamic Golden Age.
**********************************
Suggested Videos:-
1. Most Recent Upload https://goo.gl/Uo7x7B
2. Most Popular Upload https://goo.gl/s127sK
3. Subscribe to Islam - History https://goo.gl/GVhHsC
4. Islam-History Blog https://islamnhistory.blogspot.com/
**********************************
1,200 years ago, Baghdad was the thriving capital of the Muslim world. It was home to the House of Wisdom, an academy of knowledge that attracted brains from far and wide. From mathematics and astronomy to zoology, the academy was a major centre of research, thought and debate in Muslim Civilisation.
In the medieval Arabic world "House of Wisdom" of Baghdad was the epicenter of learning. The legendary Bayt al-Hikma meaning “House of Wisdom” was a library and a translation institute established somewhere later in the 8th century by CaliphHarun al-Rashid.
Some of Baghdad’s most famous Caliphs including Al-Rashid and Al-Ma’mun had taken a personal interest in collecting global, ground-breaking scientific works. As well as collecting books from East and West, they brought together scholars from the corners of the Muslim land to create one of the greatest intellectual academies in history.
The House of Wisdom was initially built by Caliph Haround Al-Rasheed (ruled 786 – 809 CE) as a magnificent library named Khizanat al-Hikma (Library of Wisdom) that included manuscripts and books collected by his father and grandfather about various subjects in the arts and the sciences and in different languages.
Three decades later, the collection had grown so large that his son, Caliph Al-Ma’mun, built extensions to the original building turning it into a large academy named Bayt al-Hikma (the House of Wisdom) that housed different branches of knowledge
It is in this House of Wisdom, for the next 4 to 5 hundred years alchemists, scientists, scholars, writers, men of letters, copyists painstakingly learned, read, wrote and translated manuscripts that were originally Farsi, Aramaic, Syriac, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, Devanagari and other languages and linguistically converted them into Arabic and circulated the Arabic translated texts throughout the then Arabic speaking world. There were a couple of technical reasons why House of Wisdom was in Baghdad. For starter, it was the then capital of Islamic empire and secondly it was in Baghdad where, during this era, world's very first recorded paper mill was established which made it possible for widespread literacy in that region and by 10th century paper replaced the usage of parchment and papyrus in the Arab world.
It was in this House of Wisdom, that the Islamic empire witnessed some of its most brilliant minds whose work later gave birth to the European renaissance. Some of the Islamic scholars associated with House of Wisdom were Persian mathematician Al-Khwarizmi, the Banu Musa brothers of Persia who were known for their works on automatic machines and machinery devices, the Sindhi scientist Sind ibn Ali who was born in modern day Pakistan, the great Iraqi scientist Al-Kindi, who is unanimously considered as the “Father of Islamic or Arabic philosophy”, the Iraqi-Christian physician, scholar Hunayn ibn Ishaq, known for his translation of Syriac texts into Arabic and the mathematician Thabit ibn Qurra, who was born in modern day Turkey and belonged to the Sabian religion of the Mesopotamia and many other scholars and gifted minds.
Other names associated with the House of Wisdom include: Banu Musa bin Shakir Al-Munajjim (the Astronomer); Yahya bin Abi Mansour Al-Munajjim Al-Ma'mouni (the Ma'moun Astronomer); Muhammad bin Musa Al-Khawarizmi; Sa'eed bin Haroun Al-Katib (the Scribe); Hunayn bin Ishaq (Isaacs) Al-'Ibadi, and his son Ishaq; Thabit bin Qurra; and ‘Umar bin Farrukhan Al-Tibar.
A wide range of languages including Arabic, Farsi, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Greek and Latin were spoken and read at the House of Wisdom.
Sadly in 1258, the prestigious House of Wisdom was utterly destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Baghdad. Historically there is a saying that during and aftermath of the invasion the waters of Tigris river ran black with the ink from the enormous quantities of books that were thrown into the ancient river and red from the blood of all the scientists, scholars and philosophers who were killed by the armies of Hulagu Khan, the Mongol ruler who committed histories one of the most atrocious massacres.
**********************************
#HouseofWiisdom
#IslamicGoldenAge
#IslamHistory

BAGHDAD — Gunmen seized 18 Turkish personnel from a Ankara-based construction company in northeastern Baghdad on Wednesday morning in what appears to be a targeted kidnapping.
Turkish workers were kidnapped from a stadium under construction in Sadr City, a Shi'ite district in Baghdad, Iraq. No one has yet claimed responsibility for the kidnapping, but the Wall Street Journal reports Iraqi officials doubt Wednesday's attack was the work of the Islamic State as the area is a Shi'ite stronghold.
Iraqi security officials say that at 3:00 a.m. on Wednesday, 20 SUVs pulled up in front of the construction building. Men wearing military uniforms and masks then somehow scaled the compound's three-metre high, concrete wall.
The masked men "stormed" the site, according to the Los Angeles Times, disarmed the guards inside, and took the workers from their trailers. Turkish officials said that the kidnapped include 14 Turkish construction workers, three engineers and one accountant.
According to the Wall Street Journal, the construction company recently reduced its security personnel to "a minimum."
----------------------------------------­---------------------
Welcome to TomoNews, where we animate the most entertaining news on the internets. Come here for an animated look at viral headlines, US news, celebrity gossip, salacious scandals, dumb criminals and much more! Subscribe now for daily news animations that will knock your socks off.
Visit our official website for all the latest, uncensored videos: http://us.tomonews.net
Check out our Android app: http://bit.ly/1rddhCj
Check out our iOS app: http://bit.ly/1gO3z1f
Get top stories delivered to your inbox everyday: http://bit.ly/tomo-newsletter
Stay connected with us here:
Facebook http://www.facebook.com/TomoNewsUS
Twitter @tomonewsus http://www.twitter.com/TomoNewsUS
Google+ http://plus.google.com/+TomoNewsUS/
Instagram @tomonewsus http://instagram.com/tomonewsus
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Crying dog breaks the internet’s heart — but this sad dog story has a happy ending"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4prKTN9bYQc
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-

5:48

The founding of Baghdad city

The founding of Baghdad city

The founding of Baghdad city

After the fall of the Umayyads, the first Muslim dynasty, the victorious Abbasid rulers wanted their own capital from which they could rule. They chose a site north of the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon (and also just north of where ancient Babylon had once stood), and on 30 July 762 the caliph Al-Mansur commissioned the construction of the city. It was built under the supervision of the Barmakids. Mansur believed that Baghdad was the perfect city to be the capital of the Islamic empire under the Abbasids. Mansur loved the site so much he is quoted saying: "This is indeed the city that I am to found, where I am to live, and where my descendants will reign afterward"
-----------------------------------
This video is extracted from 36 Lectures course called
"Turning Points in Middle EasternHistory" instructed by ProfessorEamonn Gearon
For more information Please visit https://www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/show/turning_points_in_middle_eastern_history?tn=Also+By+This+Professor_0_0

30th July 762: Construction begins on the city of Baghdad under Caliph Al-Mansur

The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate in 750, and quickly consolidated their power by removing potential opponents. By 762 the new caliph had secured his position, and set about building a new administrative capital on the banks of the Tigris at a site previously occupied by an ancient village. Situated at a junction with the Sarat Canal that connected to the Euphrates, the new city benefited not only from plentiful access to water but also control over important trade routes.
Construction began on 30 July 762 after two royal astrologers determined that the city would fare best if built under the sign of Leo. Many thousands of workers, ranging from architects and engineers to unskilled labourers, were brought from around the Empire to complete the task. Four straights roads led dir...

The House of Wisdom Baghdad (Baitul Hikmah)

A brief History about The House of WisdomBaghdad (Baitul Hikmah) which was the Intellectual power House during Islamic Golden Age.
**********************************
Suggested Videos:-
1. Most Recent Upload https://goo.gl/Uo7x7B
2. Most Popular Upload https://goo.gl/s127sK
3. Subscribe to Islam - History https://goo.gl/GVhHsC
4. Islam-History Blog https://islamnhistory.blogspot.com/
**********************************
1,200 years ago, Baghdad was the thriving capital of the Muslim world. It was home to the House of Wisdom, an academy of knowledge that attracted brains from far and wide. From mathematics and astronomy to zoology, the academy was a major centre of research, thought and debate in Muslim Civilisation.
In the medieval Arabic world "House of Wisdom" of Baghdad was th...

BAGHDAD — Gunmen seized 18 Turkish personnel from a Ankara-based construction company in northeastern Baghdad on Wednesday morning in what appears to be a targeted kidnapping.
Turkish workers were kidnapped from a stadium under construction in Sadr City, a Shi'ite district in Baghdad, Iraq. No one has yet claimed responsibility for the kidnapping, but the Wall Street Journal reports Iraqi officials doubt Wednesday's attack was the work of the Islamic State as the area is a Shi'ite stronghold.
Iraqi security officials say that at 3:00 a.m. on Wednesday, 20 SUVs pulled up in front of the construction building. Men wearing military uniforms and masks then somehow scaled the compound's three-metre high, concrete wall.
The masked men "stormed" the site, according to the Los Angeles Times, ...

published: 04 Sep 2015

The founding of Baghdad city

After the fall of the Umayyads, the first Muslim dynasty, the victorious Abbasid rulers wanted their own capital from which they could rule. They chose a site north of the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon (and also just north of where ancient Babylon had once stood), and on 30 July 762 the caliph Al-Mansur commissioned the construction of the city. It was built under the supervision of the Barmakids. Mansur believed that Baghdad was the perfect city to be the capital of the Islamic empire under the Abbasids. Mansur loved the site so much he is quoted saying: "This is indeed the city that I am to found, where I am to live, and where my descendants will reign afterward"
-----------------------------------
This video is extracted from 36 Lectures course called
"Turning Points in Middle...

30th July 762: Construction begins on the city of Baghdad under Caliph Al-Mansur

The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate in 750, and quickly consolidated their power by removing potential opponents. By 762 the new caliph had secured his...

The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate in 750, and quickly consolidated their power by removing potential opponents. By 762 the new caliph had secured his position, and set about building a new administrative capital on the banks of the Tigris at a site previously occupied by an ancient village. Situated at a junction with the Sarat Canal that connected to the Euphrates, the new city benefited not only from plentiful access to water but also control over important trade routes.
Construction began on 30 July 762 after two royal astrologers determined that the city would fare best if built under the sign of Leo. Many thousands of workers, ranging from architects and engineers to unskilled labourers, were brought from around the Empire to complete the task. Four straights roads led directly to the centre of the city through concentric circular walls, the outer of which stood 80 feet high. The circular layout of Baghdad was said to be the only one of its type in the world at the time.
Construction was completed in 766 and the city was named Madinat al-Salaam or City of Peace, although the ancient name Baghdad was also used. The city soon established itself as a centre of learning and trade. A sophisticated system of commerce quickly developed, fuelled by the city’s connections to the east, which led to Baghdad becoming a multicultural hub as merchants settled to benefit from these links.
The growing population fuelled the development of schools which included the unrivalled House of Wisdom. This acted as a catalyst for the Golden Age of Islam that is widely accepted to have lasted until the Siege of Baghdad in 1258.

The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate in 750, and quickly consolidated their power by removing potential opponents. By 762 the new caliph had secured his position, and set about building a new administrative capital on the banks of the Tigris at a site previously occupied by an ancient village. Situated at a junction with the Sarat Canal that connected to the Euphrates, the new city benefited not only from plentiful access to water but also control over important trade routes.
Construction began on 30 July 762 after two royal astrologers determined that the city would fare best if built under the sign of Leo. Many thousands of workers, ranging from architects and engineers to unskilled labourers, were brought from around the Empire to complete the task. Four straights roads led directly to the centre of the city through concentric circular walls, the outer of which stood 80 feet high. The circular layout of Baghdad was said to be the only one of its type in the world at the time.
Construction was completed in 766 and the city was named Madinat al-Salaam or City of Peace, although the ancient name Baghdad was also used. The city soon established itself as a centre of learning and trade. A sophisticated system of commerce quickly developed, fuelled by the city’s connections to the east, which led to Baghdad becoming a multicultural hub as merchants settled to benefit from these links.
The growing population fuelled the development of schools which included the unrivalled House of Wisdom. This acted as a catalyst for the Golden Age of Islam that is widely accepted to have lasted until the Siege of Baghdad in 1258.

A brief History about The House of WisdomBaghdad (Baitul Hikmah) which was the Intellectual power House during Islamic Golden Age.
**********************************
Suggested Videos:-
1. Most Recent Upload https://goo.gl/Uo7x7B
2. Most Popular Upload https://goo.gl/s127sK
3. Subscribe to Islam - History https://goo.gl/GVhHsC
4. Islam-History Blog https://islamnhistory.blogspot.com/
**********************************
1,200 years ago, Baghdad was the thriving capital of the Muslim world. It was home to the House of Wisdom, an academy of knowledge that attracted brains from far and wide. From mathematics and astronomy to zoology, the academy was a major centre of research, thought and debate in Muslim Civilisation.
In the medieval Arabic world "House of Wisdom" of Baghdad was the epicenter of learning. The legendary Bayt al-Hikma meaning “House of Wisdom” was a library and a translation institute established somewhere later in the 8th century by CaliphHarun al-Rashid.
Some of Baghdad’s most famous Caliphs including Al-Rashid and Al-Ma’mun had taken a personal interest in collecting global, ground-breaking scientific works. As well as collecting books from East and West, they brought together scholars from the corners of the Muslim land to create one of the greatest intellectual academies in history.
The House of Wisdom was initially built by Caliph Haround Al-Rasheed (ruled 786 – 809 CE) as a magnificent library named Khizanat al-Hikma (Library of Wisdom) that included manuscripts and books collected by his father and grandfather about various subjects in the arts and the sciences and in different languages.
Three decades later, the collection had grown so large that his son, Caliph Al-Ma’mun, built extensions to the original building turning it into a large academy named Bayt al-Hikma (the House of Wisdom) that housed different branches of knowledge
It is in this House of Wisdom, for the next 4 to 5 hundred years alchemists, scientists, scholars, writers, men of letters, copyists painstakingly learned, read, wrote and translated manuscripts that were originally Farsi, Aramaic, Syriac, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, Devanagari and other languages and linguistically converted them into Arabic and circulated the Arabic translated texts throughout the then Arabic speaking world. There were a couple of technical reasons why House of Wisdom was in Baghdad. For starter, it was the then capital of Islamic empire and secondly it was in Baghdad where, during this era, world's very first recorded paper mill was established which made it possible for widespread literacy in that region and by 10th century paper replaced the usage of parchment and papyrus in the Arab world.
It was in this House of Wisdom, that the Islamic empire witnessed some of its most brilliant minds whose work later gave birth to the European renaissance. Some of the Islamic scholars associated with House of Wisdom were Persian mathematician Al-Khwarizmi, the Banu Musa brothers of Persia who were known for their works on automatic machines and machinery devices, the Sindhi scientist Sind ibn Ali who was born in modern day Pakistan, the great Iraqi scientist Al-Kindi, who is unanimously considered as the “Father of Islamic or Arabic philosophy”, the Iraqi-Christian physician, scholar Hunayn ibn Ishaq, known for his translation of Syriac texts into Arabic and the mathematician Thabit ibn Qurra, who was born in modern day Turkey and belonged to the Sabian religion of the Mesopotamia and many other scholars and gifted minds.
Other names associated with the House of Wisdom include: Banu Musa bin Shakir Al-Munajjim (the Astronomer); Yahya bin Abi Mansour Al-Munajjim Al-Ma'mouni (the Ma'moun Astronomer); Muhammad bin Musa Al-Khawarizmi; Sa'eed bin Haroun Al-Katib (the Scribe); Hunayn bin Ishaq (Isaacs) Al-'Ibadi, and his son Ishaq; Thabit bin Qurra; and ‘Umar bin Farrukhan Al-Tibar.
A wide range of languages including Arabic, Farsi, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Greek and Latin were spoken and read at the House of Wisdom.
Sadly in 1258, the prestigious House of Wisdom was utterly destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Baghdad. Historically there is a saying that during and aftermath of the invasion the waters of Tigris river ran black with the ink from the enormous quantities of books that were thrown into the ancient river and red from the blood of all the scientists, scholars and philosophers who were killed by the armies of Hulagu Khan, the Mongol ruler who committed histories one of the most atrocious massacres.
**********************************
#HouseofWiisdom
#IslamicGoldenAge
#IslamHistory

A brief History about The House of WisdomBaghdad (Baitul Hikmah) which was the Intellectual power House during Islamic Golden Age.
**********************************
Suggested Videos:-
1. Most Recent Upload https://goo.gl/Uo7x7B
2. Most Popular Upload https://goo.gl/s127sK
3. Subscribe to Islam - History https://goo.gl/GVhHsC
4. Islam-History Blog https://islamnhistory.blogspot.com/
**********************************
1,200 years ago, Baghdad was the thriving capital of the Muslim world. It was home to the House of Wisdom, an academy of knowledge that attracted brains from far and wide. From mathematics and astronomy to zoology, the academy was a major centre of research, thought and debate in Muslim Civilisation.
In the medieval Arabic world "House of Wisdom" of Baghdad was the epicenter of learning. The legendary Bayt al-Hikma meaning “House of Wisdom” was a library and a translation institute established somewhere later in the 8th century by CaliphHarun al-Rashid.
Some of Baghdad’s most famous Caliphs including Al-Rashid and Al-Ma’mun had taken a personal interest in collecting global, ground-breaking scientific works. As well as collecting books from East and West, they brought together scholars from the corners of the Muslim land to create one of the greatest intellectual academies in history.
The House of Wisdom was initially built by Caliph Haround Al-Rasheed (ruled 786 – 809 CE) as a magnificent library named Khizanat al-Hikma (Library of Wisdom) that included manuscripts and books collected by his father and grandfather about various subjects in the arts and the sciences and in different languages.
Three decades later, the collection had grown so large that his son, Caliph Al-Ma’mun, built extensions to the original building turning it into a large academy named Bayt al-Hikma (the House of Wisdom) that housed different branches of knowledge
It is in this House of Wisdom, for the next 4 to 5 hundred years alchemists, scientists, scholars, writers, men of letters, copyists painstakingly learned, read, wrote and translated manuscripts that were originally Farsi, Aramaic, Syriac, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, Devanagari and other languages and linguistically converted them into Arabic and circulated the Arabic translated texts throughout the then Arabic speaking world. There were a couple of technical reasons why House of Wisdom was in Baghdad. For starter, it was the then capital of Islamic empire and secondly it was in Baghdad where, during this era, world's very first recorded paper mill was established which made it possible for widespread literacy in that region and by 10th century paper replaced the usage of parchment and papyrus in the Arab world.
It was in this House of Wisdom, that the Islamic empire witnessed some of its most brilliant minds whose work later gave birth to the European renaissance. Some of the Islamic scholars associated with House of Wisdom were Persian mathematician Al-Khwarizmi, the Banu Musa brothers of Persia who were known for their works on automatic machines and machinery devices, the Sindhi scientist Sind ibn Ali who was born in modern day Pakistan, the great Iraqi scientist Al-Kindi, who is unanimously considered as the “Father of Islamic or Arabic philosophy”, the Iraqi-Christian physician, scholar Hunayn ibn Ishaq, known for his translation of Syriac texts into Arabic and the mathematician Thabit ibn Qurra, who was born in modern day Turkey and belonged to the Sabian religion of the Mesopotamia and many other scholars and gifted minds.
Other names associated with the House of Wisdom include: Banu Musa bin Shakir Al-Munajjim (the Astronomer); Yahya bin Abi Mansour Al-Munajjim Al-Ma'mouni (the Ma'moun Astronomer); Muhammad bin Musa Al-Khawarizmi; Sa'eed bin Haroun Al-Katib (the Scribe); Hunayn bin Ishaq (Isaacs) Al-'Ibadi, and his son Ishaq; Thabit bin Qurra; and ‘Umar bin Farrukhan Al-Tibar.
A wide range of languages including Arabic, Farsi, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Greek and Latin were spoken and read at the House of Wisdom.
Sadly in 1258, the prestigious House of Wisdom was utterly destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Baghdad. Historically there is a saying that during and aftermath of the invasion the waters of Tigris river ran black with the ink from the enormous quantities of books that were thrown into the ancient river and red from the blood of all the scientists, scholars and philosophers who were killed by the armies of Hulagu Khan, the Mongol ruler who committed histories one of the most atrocious massacres.
**********************************
#HouseofWiisdom
#IslamicGoldenAge
#IslamHistory

BAGHDAD — Gunmen seized 18 Turkish personnel from a Ankara-based construction company in northeastern Baghdad on Wednesday morning in what appears to be a targe...

BAGHDAD — Gunmen seized 18 Turkish personnel from a Ankara-based construction company in northeastern Baghdad on Wednesday morning in what appears to be a targeted kidnapping.
Turkish workers were kidnapped from a stadium under construction in Sadr City, a Shi'ite district in Baghdad, Iraq. No one has yet claimed responsibility for the kidnapping, but the Wall Street Journal reports Iraqi officials doubt Wednesday's attack was the work of the Islamic State as the area is a Shi'ite stronghold.
Iraqi security officials say that at 3:00 a.m. on Wednesday, 20 SUVs pulled up in front of the construction building. Men wearing military uniforms and masks then somehow scaled the compound's three-metre high, concrete wall.
The masked men "stormed" the site, according to the Los Angeles Times, disarmed the guards inside, and took the workers from their trailers. Turkish officials said that the kidnapped include 14 Turkish construction workers, three engineers and one accountant.
According to the Wall Street Journal, the construction company recently reduced its security personnel to "a minimum."
----------------------------------------­---------------------
Welcome to TomoNews, where we animate the most entertaining news on the internets. Come here for an animated look at viral headlines, US news, celebrity gossip, salacious scandals, dumb criminals and much more! Subscribe now for daily news animations that will knock your socks off.
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-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Crying dog breaks the internet’s heart — but this sad dog story has a happy ending"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4prKTN9bYQc
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-

BAGHDAD — Gunmen seized 18 Turkish personnel from a Ankara-based construction company in northeastern Baghdad on Wednesday morning in what appears to be a targeted kidnapping.
Turkish workers were kidnapped from a stadium under construction in Sadr City, a Shi'ite district in Baghdad, Iraq. No one has yet claimed responsibility for the kidnapping, but the Wall Street Journal reports Iraqi officials doubt Wednesday's attack was the work of the Islamic State as the area is a Shi'ite stronghold.
Iraqi security officials say that at 3:00 a.m. on Wednesday, 20 SUVs pulled up in front of the construction building. Men wearing military uniforms and masks then somehow scaled the compound's three-metre high, concrete wall.
The masked men "stormed" the site, according to the Los Angeles Times, disarmed the guards inside, and took the workers from their trailers. Turkish officials said that the kidnapped include 14 Turkish construction workers, three engineers and one accountant.
According to the Wall Street Journal, the construction company recently reduced its security personnel to "a minimum."
----------------------------------------­---------------------
Welcome to TomoNews, where we animate the most entertaining news on the internets. Come here for an animated look at viral headlines, US news, celebrity gossip, salacious scandals, dumb criminals and much more! Subscribe now for daily news animations that will knock your socks off.
Visit our official website for all the latest, uncensored videos: http://us.tomonews.net
Check out our Android app: http://bit.ly/1rddhCj
Check out our iOS app: http://bit.ly/1gO3z1f
Get top stories delivered to your inbox everyday: http://bit.ly/tomo-newsletter
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Google+ http://plus.google.com/+TomoNewsUS/
Instagram @tomonewsus http://instagram.com/tomonewsus
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Crying dog breaks the internet’s heart — but this sad dog story has a happy ending"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4prKTN9bYQc
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-

The founding of Baghdad city

After the fall of the Umayyads, the first Muslim dynasty, the victorious Abbasid rulers wanted their own capital from which they could rule. They chose a site n...

After the fall of the Umayyads, the first Muslim dynasty, the victorious Abbasid rulers wanted their own capital from which they could rule. They chose a site north of the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon (and also just north of where ancient Babylon had once stood), and on 30 July 762 the caliph Al-Mansur commissioned the construction of the city. It was built under the supervision of the Barmakids. Mansur believed that Baghdad was the perfect city to be the capital of the Islamic empire under the Abbasids. Mansur loved the site so much he is quoted saying: "This is indeed the city that I am to found, where I am to live, and where my descendants will reign afterward"
-----------------------------------
This video is extracted from 36 Lectures course called
"Turning Points in Middle EasternHistory" instructed by ProfessorEamonn Gearon
For more information Please visit https://www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/show/turning_points_in_middle_eastern_history?tn=Also+By+This+Professor_0_0

After the fall of the Umayyads, the first Muslim dynasty, the victorious Abbasid rulers wanted their own capital from which they could rule. They chose a site north of the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon (and also just north of where ancient Babylon had once stood), and on 30 July 762 the caliph Al-Mansur commissioned the construction of the city. It was built under the supervision of the Barmakids. Mansur believed that Baghdad was the perfect city to be the capital of the Islamic empire under the Abbasids. Mansur loved the site so much he is quoted saying: "This is indeed the city that I am to found, where I am to live, and where my descendants will reign afterward"
-----------------------------------
This video is extracted from 36 Lectures course called
"Turning Points in Middle EasternHistory" instructed by ProfessorEamonn Gearon
For more information Please visit https://www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/show/turning_points_in_middle_eastern_history?tn=Also+By+This+Professor_0_0

30th July 762: Construction begins on the city of Baghdad under Caliph Al-Mansur

The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate in 750, and quickly consolidated their power by removing potential opponents. By 762 the new caliph had secured his position, and set about building a new administrative capital on the banks of the Tigris at a site previously occupied by an ancient village. Situated at a junction with the Sarat Canal that connected to the Euphrates, the new city benefited not only from plentiful access to water but also control over important trade routes.
Construction began on 30 July 762 after two royal astrologers determined that the city would fare best if built under the sign of Leo. Many thousands of workers, ranging from architects and engineers to unskilled labourers, were brought from around the Empire to complete the task. Four straights roads led directly to the centre of the city through concentric circular walls, the outer of which stood 80 feet high. The circular layout of Baghdad was said to be the only one of its type in the world at the time.
Construction was completed in 766 and the city was named Madinat al-Salaam or City of Peace, although the ancient name Baghdad was also used. The city soon established itself as a centre of learning and trade. A sophisticated system of commerce quickly developed, fuelled by the city’s connections to the east, which led to Baghdad becoming a multicultural hub as merchants settled to benefit from these links.
The growing population fuelled the development of schools which included the unrivalled House of Wisdom. This acted as a catalyst for the Golden Age of Islam that is widely accepted to have lasted until the Siege of Baghdad in 1258.

The House of Wisdom Baghdad (Baitul Hikmah)

A brief History about The House of WisdomBaghdad (Baitul Hikmah) which was the Intellectual power House during Islamic Golden Age.
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4. Islam-History Blog https://islamnhistory.blogspot.com/
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1,200 years ago, Baghdad was the thriving capital of the Muslim world. It was home to the House of Wisdom, an academy of knowledge that attracted brains from far and wide. From mathematics and astronomy to zoology, the academy was a major centre of research, thought and debate in Muslim Civilisation.
In the medieval Arabic world "House of Wisdom" of Baghdad was the epicenter of learning. The legendary Bayt al-Hikma meaning “House of Wisdom” was a library and a translation institute established somewhere later in the 8th century by CaliphHarun al-Rashid.
Some of Baghdad’s most famous Caliphs including Al-Rashid and Al-Ma’mun had taken a personal interest in collecting global, ground-breaking scientific works. As well as collecting books from East and West, they brought together scholars from the corners of the Muslim land to create one of the greatest intellectual academies in history.
The House of Wisdom was initially built by Caliph Haround Al-Rasheed (ruled 786 – 809 CE) as a magnificent library named Khizanat al-Hikma (Library of Wisdom) that included manuscripts and books collected by his father and grandfather about various subjects in the arts and the sciences and in different languages.
Three decades later, the collection had grown so large that his son, Caliph Al-Ma’mun, built extensions to the original building turning it into a large academy named Bayt al-Hikma (the House of Wisdom) that housed different branches of knowledge
It is in this House of Wisdom, for the next 4 to 5 hundred years alchemists, scientists, scholars, writers, men of letters, copyists painstakingly learned, read, wrote and translated manuscripts that were originally Farsi, Aramaic, Syriac, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, Devanagari and other languages and linguistically converted them into Arabic and circulated the Arabic translated texts throughout the then Arabic speaking world. There were a couple of technical reasons why House of Wisdom was in Baghdad. For starter, it was the then capital of Islamic empire and secondly it was in Baghdad where, during this era, world's very first recorded paper mill was established which made it possible for widespread literacy in that region and by 10th century paper replaced the usage of parchment and papyrus in the Arab world.
It was in this House of Wisdom, that the Islamic empire witnessed some of its most brilliant minds whose work later gave birth to the European renaissance. Some of the Islamic scholars associated with House of Wisdom were Persian mathematician Al-Khwarizmi, the Banu Musa brothers of Persia who were known for their works on automatic machines and machinery devices, the Sindhi scientist Sind ibn Ali who was born in modern day Pakistan, the great Iraqi scientist Al-Kindi, who is unanimously considered as the “Father of Islamic or Arabic philosophy”, the Iraqi-Christian physician, scholar Hunayn ibn Ishaq, known for his translation of Syriac texts into Arabic and the mathematician Thabit ibn Qurra, who was born in modern day Turkey and belonged to the Sabian religion of the Mesopotamia and many other scholars and gifted minds.
Other names associated with the House of Wisdom include: Banu Musa bin Shakir Al-Munajjim (the Astronomer); Yahya bin Abi Mansour Al-Munajjim Al-Ma'mouni (the Ma'moun Astronomer); Muhammad bin Musa Al-Khawarizmi; Sa'eed bin Haroun Al-Katib (the Scribe); Hunayn bin Ishaq (Isaacs) Al-'Ibadi, and his son Ishaq; Thabit bin Qurra; and ‘Umar bin Farrukhan Al-Tibar.
A wide range of languages including Arabic, Farsi, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Greek and Latin were spoken and read at the House of Wisdom.
Sadly in 1258, the prestigious House of Wisdom was utterly destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Baghdad. Historically there is a saying that during and aftermath of the invasion the waters of Tigris river ran black with the ink from the enormous quantities of books that were thrown into the ancient river and red from the blood of all the scientists, scholars and philosophers who were killed by the armies of Hulagu Khan, the Mongol ruler who committed histories one of the most atrocious massacres.
**********************************
#HouseofWiisdom
#IslamicGoldenAge
#IslamHistory

BAGHDAD — Gunmen seized 18 Turkish personnel from a Ankara-based construction company in northeastern Baghdad on Wednesday morning in what appears to be a targeted kidnapping.
Turkish workers were kidnapped from a stadium under construction in Sadr City, a Shi'ite district in Baghdad, Iraq. No one has yet claimed responsibility for the kidnapping, but the Wall Street Journal reports Iraqi officials doubt Wednesday's attack was the work of the Islamic State as the area is a Shi'ite stronghold.
Iraqi security officials say that at 3:00 a.m. on Wednesday, 20 SUVs pulled up in front of the construction building. Men wearing military uniforms and masks then somehow scaled the compound's three-metre high, concrete wall.
The masked men "stormed" the site, according to the Los Angeles Times, disarmed the guards inside, and took the workers from their trailers. Turkish officials said that the kidnapped include 14 Turkish construction workers, three engineers and one accountant.
According to the Wall Street Journal, the construction company recently reduced its security personnel to "a minimum."
----------------------------------------­---------------------
Welcome to TomoNews, where we animate the most entertaining news on the internets. Come here for an animated look at viral headlines, US news, celebrity gossip, salacious scandals, dumb criminals and much more! Subscribe now for daily news animations that will knock your socks off.
Visit our official website for all the latest, uncensored videos: http://us.tomonews.net
Check out our Android app: http://bit.ly/1rddhCj
Check out our iOS app: http://bit.ly/1gO3z1f
Get top stories delivered to your inbox everyday: http://bit.ly/tomo-newsletter
Stay connected with us here:
Facebook http://www.facebook.com/TomoNewsUS
Twitter @tomonewsus http://www.twitter.com/TomoNewsUS
Google+ http://plus.google.com/+TomoNewsUS/
Instagram @tomonewsus http://instagram.com/tomonewsus
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Crying dog breaks the internet’s heart — but this sad dog story has a happy ending"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4prKTN9bYQc
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-

The founding of Baghdad city

After the fall of the Umayyads, the first Muslim dynasty, the victorious Abbasid rulers wanted their own capital from which they could rule. They chose a site north of the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon (and also just north of where ancient Babylon had once stood), and on 30 July 762 the caliph Al-Mansur commissioned the construction of the city. It was built under the supervision of the Barmakids. Mansur believed that Baghdad was the perfect city to be the capital of the Islamic empire under the Abbasids. Mansur loved the site so much he is quoted saying: "This is indeed the city that I am to found, where I am to live, and where my descendants will reign afterward"
-----------------------------------
This video is extracted from 36 Lectures course called
"Turning Points in Middle EasternHistory" instructed by ProfessorEamonn Gearon
For more information Please visit https://www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/show/turning_points_in_middle_eastern_history?tn=Also+By+This+Professor_0_0

BAGHDAD / IRAQ / ARCHITECTURAL ANIMATION

Baghdad

Baghdad (Arabic:بغداد‎,بغداد Kurdish:Bexda‎, Iraqi pronunciation:[bɐʁˈd̪ɑːd̪]) is the capital of the Republic of Iraq. The population of Baghdad, as of 2011, is approximately 7,216,040, making it the largest city in Iraq, the second largest city in the Arab world (after Cairo, Egypt), and the second largest city in Western Asia (after Tehran, Iran). According to the government, the population of the country has reached 35million, with 9million in the capital.

Located along the Tigris River, the city was founded in the 8th century and became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. Within a short time of its inception, Baghdad evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center for the Islamic world. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions (e.g. House of Wisdom), garnered the city a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning".

Throughout the High Middle Ages, Baghdad was considered to be the largest city in the world with an estimated population of 1,200,000 people. The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through many centuries due to frequent plagues and multiple successive empires. With the recognition of Iraq as an independent state (formerly the British Mandate of Mesopotamia) in 1938, Baghdad gradually regained some of its former prominence as a significant center of Arab culture.

BAGHDAD (AP) " Iraq is mourning the loss of a beloved archaeologist who helped rebuild her country's leading museum in the aftermath of the U.S ... gathered at Baghdad's National Museum on Monday to pay their respects.Al-Gailani specialized in the study of cylinder seals, ......

A devotee of Iraq’s heritage and its museums, al-Gailani selected artifacts to display at the reopening of the national museum in Baghdad in 2015, more than a decade after it was looted in the wake of the US invasion ...Born in Baghdad in 1938, Laima al-Gailani was one of the first Iraqi women to excavate in her country....

BAGHDAD (AP) — Lamia al-Gailani, an Iraqi archaeologist who lent her expertise to rebuilding the National Museum's collection after it was looted in 2003, has died at age 80 ...Born in Baghdad in 1938, al-Gailani was one of the first Iraqi women to excavate in her country....

Airborne Soldiers patrolling Baghdad 2011...

BAGHDAD / IRAQ / ARCHITECTURAL ANIMATION...

Latest News for: baghdad construction

BAGHDAD (AP) " Iraq is mourning the loss of a beloved archaeologist who helped rebuild her country's leading museum in the aftermath of the U.S ... gathered at Baghdad's National Museum on Monday to pay their respects.Al-Gailani specialized in the study of cylinder seals, ......

A devotee of Iraq’s heritage and its museums, al-Gailani selected artifacts to display at the reopening of the national museum in Baghdad in 2015, more than a decade after it was looted in the wake of the US invasion ...Born in Baghdad in 1938, Laima al-Gailani was one of the first Iraqi women to excavate in her country....

BAGHDAD (AP) — Lamia al-Gailani, an Iraqi archaeologist who lent her expertise to rebuilding the National Museum's collection after it was looted in 2003, has died at age 80 ...Born in Baghdad in 1938, al-Gailani was one of the first Iraqi women to excavate in her country....

BAGHDAD (AP) — An Iraqi archaeologist, who lent her expertise to rebuilding the National Museum's collection after it was looted in 2003, has died at the age of 80 ... invasion, al-Gailani helped identify and recover artefacts stolen from the National Museum in Baghdad for its reopening in 2015....