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Medicare Part A is hospital insurance and only covers vision when the condition is considered a medical issue, such as an emergency or traumatic injury that requires admission to a hospital. Routine vision exams and eye refractions are not covered, and beneficiaries must pay the full cost.

Medicare Part B is medical insurance that covers yearly glaucoma screenings for high-risk individuals, cataract surgery, the artificial lenses and vision correction products associated with the surgery, and treatment for macular degeneration.

Medicare Part C is offered by private insurers and offers the same or similar benefits as Medicare, plus routine vision, dental and drug benefits.