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Titanium dioxide dust currently is
considered to be merely a nuisance
dust that results only in upper
airway irritation.

IV-Genetic and Carcinogenic Effects

No data are available regarding human genetic effects.
Evaluation by the IARC : The agent (the mixture) is possibly carcinogenic to humans Evaluation by the NIOSH and OSHA : Potential human carcinogen.
Note it is not classified as a confirmed carcinogen to man by these organisms.
Evaluation by the ACGIH: Substance not classifiable as a carcinogen to man (A4 group).

Limits of exposure :
The limits of exposure proposed in the USA and Quebec do not mention this carcinogenic potential, and the limit is in relation with its irritating power.

V-Management of Toxicity or Exposure
:

Titanium dioxide is an irritant dust,
therefore, management of exposure is supportive. Exposed workers
should be removed from the environment, and supportive pulmonary
care should be provided.

A-Medical and Biological Monitoring
:

Most laboratory tests are not helpful.
Assessement of serum and urinary titanium levels help to identify
recent exposure.

B-Occupational and Environmental
Regulations :

Acute upper airway irritation may be
reduced by keeping exposure to titanium at low limits.

Quebec's exposure limit :

VEMP
(Valeur d'Exposition Moyenne Pondéré) = 10 mg/m3 as
total dust.

C-Exposure Controls :

Good industrial hygiene and monitoring
of the environment should limit employee exposure to titanium
dust. If employees must work in an environment with high titanium
dioxide dust levels and poor ventilation,respirators should be
used.