1932 Jan 6, Julius Rosenwald
(b.1862), president of Sears, Roebuck & Co., died in Highland
Park, Ill. By 1931 he had financed the construction of 5,295 schools
throughout the South in association with Booker T. Washington and
William Baldwin Jr., a Boston railway executive and founder of the
Urban League. In 2015 Aviva Kemper directed the film documentary
“Rosenwald".
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Rosenwald)(WSJ, 2/24/98,
p.A22)(WSJ, 4/23/02, p.D7)(SFC, 9/11/15, p.E4)

1932 Jan 8, Joseph Kahahawai
(21) was kidnapped and killed by a vigilante group following an
alleged gang rape. Thalia Massie, her husband, mother, and 2 other
suspects were convicted of manslaughter in the Kahahawai murder, but
their sentences were commuted to one hour in the custody of
Territorial Gov. Lawrence Judd. They then sailed to SF to avoid a
new trial. In 2005 David E. Stannard authored “Honor Killing: How
the Famous Masie Affair Transformed Hawaii."
(SFC, 5/28/05, p.E1)

1932 Feb 18, Milos Forman,
Czech-US director (Cuckoos Nest, Amadeus), was born.
(MC, 2/18/02)
1932 Feb 18, Sonja Henie won
her 6th straight World Women's figure skating title.
(MC, 2/18/02)
1932 Feb 18, In SF federal
prohibition agents seized the offices and storehouses of two
wholesale liquor setups: The Chicago Specialty Company at 724
Montgomery St. and J.C. Millet at 241 Clay St. The raids were aimed
at breaking up a major bootlegging ring said to be headed by Johnny
Marino.
(SSFC, 2/18/07, DB p.58)
1932 Feb 18, Manchurian
independence was formally declared. In 1928 the Japanese army
unilaterally instigated armed clashes in China’s Manchuria region to
justify full-scale intervention. In 1931 the Japanese army invaded
Manchuria without its own government’s consent.
(HN, 2/18/98)

1932 Feb 22, Edward Kennedy,
Massachusetts Senator, was born. He was the brother of John F.
Kennedy who championed the poor.
(HN, 2/22/99)
1932 Feb 22, The first modern
US Purple Heart was awarded. The original Purple Heart, designated
as the Badge of Military Merit, was established by George
Washington, by order from his Newburgh, New York headquarters on
August 7, 1782.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_Heart)

1932 Feb 25, The German state
government of Brunswick, in which the Nazi Party participated,
appointed Adolph Hitler of Austria to a minor administrative post
this month and on this day gave him German citizenship. Hitler was
thus able to stand against Hindenburg in the forthcoming
Presidential election.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler)(www.secondworldwar.co.uk/ahitler.html)

1932 Mar 1, Charles Lindbergh
Jr. (20 months), the infant son of Charles and Anne Lindbergh was
kidnapped from his nursery at the family home near Hopewell,
(Princeton) N.J. A handwritten note left at the scene demanded a
$50,000 ransom. Under relentless public scrutiny, the Lindberghs
complied with the ransom demands, but on May 12, the child’s remains
were found two miles from their home. German immigrant Bruno Richard
Hauptmann was arrested and convicted for the crime amid a frenzy of
biased media coverage. Hauptmann maintained his innocence until his
execution in 1936. In 1961 George Waller authored “Kidnap," an
account of the kidnapping and trial.
(TMC, 1994, p.1932)(AP, 3/1/98)(HN, 3/1/98)(HNPD,
3/1/99)(WSJ, 11/10/07, p.W8)

1932 Mar 4, The Pecora
Investigation began. It was an inquiry by the United States Senate
Committee on Banking and Currency to investigate the causes of the
Wall Street Crash of 1929. The name refers to the fourth and final
chief counsel for the investigation, Ferdinand Pecora, chief lawyer
on the Senate Banking Committee from 1933-1934. In 2010 Michael
Perino authored “The Hellhound of Wall Street: How Ferdinand
Pecora’s Investigation of the Great Crash Forever Changed American
Finance."
(Econ, 1/9/10,
p.33)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecora_Commission)(Econ,
11/13/10, p.103)
1932 Mar 4, Miriam Makeba,
singer (Grammy 1965), was born in Johannesburg, South Africa.
(HN, 3/4/01)(SC, 3/4/02)

1932 Mar 9, Eamon De Valera was
elected Taoiseach (prime minister) of Ireland and pledged to
abolished all loyalty to the British Crown.
(HN, 3/9/98)(http://www.clarelibrary.ie/)
1932 Mar 9, Former Chinese
emperor Henry Pu-Yi was installed as head of Manchuria.
(MC, 3/9/02)

1932 Mar 13, Hindenburg won
49.6% of the vote in the German presidential election, Hitler won
30.1%, and the rest of the votes went to other candidates. Since
Hindenburg did not win a majority, a run-off election was set for
April.
(www.fff.org/freedom/fd0403a.asp)

1932 Apr 2, Aviator Charles A.
Lindbergh and Dr. John F. Condon turned over $50,000 in ransom to an
unidentified man in a New York City cemetery in the Bronx, in
exchange for Lindbergh’s kidnapped son. The infant, however, was not
returned, and was found dead the following month.
(AP, 4/2/97)(HN, 4/2/98)

1932 Apr 23, Jim Fixx, runner
and writer, was born, He popularized running as a form of exercise
in the 1970s.
(HN, 4/23/99)
1932 Apr 23, Halston, [R
Halston Frowick], fashion designer (1972 Hall of Fame), was born.
(MC, 4/23/02)
1932 Apr 23, The Royal
Shakespeare Theatre opened at Stratford-on-Avon. It replaced one
built in 1879 that burned down in 1926.
(www.guardian.co.uk/fromthearchive/story/0,,1740490,00.html)(Econ,
3/31/07, p.91)

1932 Apr 24, In German national
elections the NSDAP/NAZI won 36.3% in Prussia.
(MC, 4/24/02)

1932 Apr, In Denmark 6 of the
world’s leading quantum physicists gathered at Niels Bohr’s
Institute for Theoretical Physics to discuss the latest developments
in the field. In 2007 Gino Segre authored “Faust in Copenhagen: A
Struggle for the Soul of Physics." The book is organized around a
short comedy performed at the end of the meeting.
(SSFC, 6/24/07, p.M3)(Econ, 7/14/07, p.87)

1932 May 2, Pulitzer prize was
awarded to Pearl S. Buck for "The Good Earth."
(MC, 5/2/02)
1932 May 2, Walter Duranty of
the NY Times won a Pulitzer Prize for his series on the Soviet Union
that contained uncritical praise of Joseph Stalin. In 2003 a
historian argued, without success, that the prize should be revoked
due to Duranty's deliberate failure to cover the forced famine in
the Ukraine that killed millions of people. In 2004 David C.
Engerman authored "Modernization from the Other Shore," an American
view of the Soviet experience."
(SFC, 10/23/03, p.A3)(SFC, 11/22/03, p.A3)(WSJ,
2/24/04, p.D8)
1932 May 2, Jack Benny’s first
radio show made its debut on the NBC Blue Network.
(AP, 5/2/97)

1932 May 4,
Mobster Al Capone, convicted of income-tax evasion, entered the
federal penitentiary in Atlanta. Capone was later transferred to
Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay.
(AP, 5/4/08)

1932 May 7, Jenny Joseph,
English poet and novelist (The Thinking Heart, The Inland Sea), was
born.
(HN, 5/7/02)

1932 May 8, Ricardo Jimenez
Oreamuno (b.1859) began serving his 3rd term as president of Costa
Rica. In 1936 he was succeeded by Leon Cortes Castro.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Jim%C3%A9nez_Oreamuno)

1932 May 9, Piccadilly Circus
was lit by electricity.
(MC, 5/9/02)

1932 May 10, Government of
Netherland declared "Wilhelmus" the national anthem.
(MC, 5/10/02)

1932 May 12, Goofy, aka Dippy
Dawg, 1st appeared in 'Mickey's Revue' by Walt Disney.
(MC, 5/12/02)
1932 May 12, The body of the
kidnapped son of Charles and Anne Lindbergh was found in a wooded
area of Hopewell, N.J.
(AP, 5/12/97)(HN, 5/12/98)

1932 May 14, There was a "We
Want Beer!" parade in NY.
(MC, 5/14/02)

1932 May 15, Japan’s PM
Tsuyoshi Inukai (b.1855) and his family were assassinated by young
right-wing naval officers. His son Ken Inukai, watching a Sumo
wrestling match with Charlie Chaplin, survived.
(WSJ, 8/3/06, p.D5)

1932 May 18, Luigi Malvese,
bootleg gangster, was ambushed and shot to death in front of the Del
Monte Barbershop at 720 Columbus Ave, SF, Ca. A police dragnet
rounded up some 1,000 "usual suspect" in an attempt to pressure the
underworld to rein in its wild men. Louis Dinato, Al Capone’s
tailor, was among those rounded up.
(SSFC, 6/2/02, p.D3)

1932 May 20, Amelia Earhart
took off from Newfoundland to become the first woman to fly solo
across the Atlantic. Because of weather and equipment problems,
Earhart set down in Northern Ireland after 13 ½ hours instead of her
intended destination, France.
(HFA, '96, p.30)(HN, 5/20/01)(AP, 5/20/07)(ON,
12/07, p.9)

1932 May 21, Amelia Earhart
made her first transatlantic solo flight from Newfoundland to
Ireland.
(HN, 5/21/98)(AP, 5/20/97)

1932 May 29, Paul Erlich,
environmental scientist, was born.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1932 May 29, World War I
veterans began arriving in Washington DC to demand cash bonuses they
weren’t scheduled to receive for another 13 years. 17,000 veterans,
calling themselves the Bonus Expeditionary Force, marched on
Washington demanding cash for their bonus certificates. They were
led by Walter Waters, a former sergeant from Portland, Ore.
(TMC, 1994, p.1932)(AP, 5/29/97)(WSJ, 11/7/05,
p.B1)

1932 May 31, Socal, formerly
Standard Oil of California, discovered oil in Bahrain. This was the
1st middle eastern oil discovered by an American firm.
(SFC, 10/20/04,
p.C6)(www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199901/prelude.to.discovery.htm)

1932 Jun 7, Over 7,000 war
veterans march on Washington, D.C. demanding their bonuses for
service in WW I.
(HN, 6/7/98)

1932 Jun 11, Athol Fugard,
playwright, director, actor and novelist, was born in Middelburg,
South Africa as Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard. As a child he was known
as Hally before he decided he wanted to be called Athol.
(www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=1651)(HN,
6/11/01)
1932 Jun 11, E. Delporte
discovered asteroid #1222 Tina.
(SC, 6/11/02)

1932 Jun 14, Representative
Edward Eslick died on the floor of the House of Representatives
while pleading for the passage of the bonus bill for US veterans.
(HN, 6/14/98)

1932 Jun 27, In Thailand King
Prajadhipok (Rama VII) signed a new provisional constitution. The
absolute power of kings ended and a constitutional monarchy began.
By 2008 Thailand had gone thru 17 permanent or temporary
constitutions.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Thailand)(Econ,
5/24/08, p.27)

1932 Jun 29, Siam’s army seized
Bangkok and announced an end to the absolute monarchy.
(HN, 6/29/98)

1932 Jul 1, New York Gov.
Franklin D. Roosevelt was nominated for president at the Democratic
convention in Chicago.
(AP, 7/1/07)

1932 Jul 2, Sammy Turner,
vocalist (Lavender Blue), was born in Paterson, NJ.
(SC, 7/2/02)
1932 Jul 2, New York Gov.
Franklin D. Roosevelt won the nomination for president on the 4th
ballot at the Democratic convention in Chicago.
(ON, 12/07, p.3)

1932 Jul 8, The Dow Jones
Industrial Average closed at 41.22, with an intra-day low of 40.56,
its lowest point during the Great Depression.
(WSJ, 11/22/08,
p.B1)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average)

1932 Jul 18, The United States
and Canada signed a treaty to develop the St. Lawrence Seaway.
(AP, 7/18/97)
1932 Jul 18, The Matson luxury
liner "Lurline" was christened in Quincy, Mass. by Lurline M.
Roth, daughter of company founder Capt. William Mattson.
(Ind, 11/4/00,5A)

1932 Jul 28, Under orders from
Pres. Hoover shacks built in the shadow of the nation’s Capitol by
World War I veteran demonstrators were burned. In 1924 Congress had
enacted a law that provided compensation to veterans—those entitled
to more than $50 would receive certificates maturing in 1945.
However, because of the Depression, Congress proposed in 1932 that
the certificates be redeemable immediately, as a bonus. Veterans
groups began to gather in Washington, D.C., to march for their
cause. When the bill was defeated, the veterans (nicknamed the Bonus
Expeditionary Force (BEF), "Bonus Army") refused to leave. Hoover
resorted to using U.S. troops to force them to evacuate. One veteran
was killed and 50 veterans and police were injured in the melee. In
May 1933, newly elected President Franklin Roosevelt also opposed
the bill, but he issued an executive order allowing 25,000 veterans
to enroll in the Citizens’ Conservation Corps in lieu of getting
bonuses. In 1971 Roger Daniels authored “The Bonus March." In 1994
Donald J. Lisio authored “The President and Protest."
(AP, 7/28/97)(HNPD, 7/28/98)(WSJ, 11/7/05,
p.B1)

1932 Jul 30, The Summer Olympic
Games opened in Los Angeles. The US won 41 gold medals, Italy was
2nd with less than a third of that. Bill Miller of Stanford won a
gold medal in the pole vault when he cleared 14'-1 ¾". Later in the
year he set a world record at 14'-1 7/8". Babe Didriksen (21) of
Texas won 2 track gold medals and a silver. Track events in this
summer’s Olympics were timed with manual stopwatches.
(SFC, 7/14/96, Par p.4)(AP, 7/30/97)(NG, 8/04,
Geographica)(WSJ, 8/23/04, p.C3)

1932 Jul 31, The George
Washington quarter went into circulation as a 200 year commemorative
of G. Washington’s birth. It has been in use ever since.
(WSJ, 7/12/96, p.B5B)(MC, 7/31/02)
1932 Jul 31, Adolf Hitler's
Nationalist Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazis) doubled its
strength in legislative elections. Nazi Party won 37.3% of the vote.
(HN,
7/31/98)(www.germanculture.com.ua/july/july31.htm)

1932 Jul, The Dow Jones
Industrial fell to 41.89, a point above where the average began in
1896.
(WSJ, 5/20/96, p. C-1)

1932 Aug 10, Rin Tin Tin
(b.1918), US Hollywood-dog, died. In 2011 Susan Orlean authored “Rin
Tin Tin: The Life and Legend." In 1922 Rin Tin Tin was spotted by
the maker of a motion picture camera and his career began. He went
on to create a total of 26 motion pictures for Warner Brothers and
received over 10,000 fan letters per week.
(http://www.tv.com/people/rin-tin-tin/)

1932 Aug 30, Nazi leader
Hermann Goering was elected president of the Reichstag.
(HN, 8/30/98)

1932 Sep 1, New York City Mayor
James "Gentleman Jimmy" Walker resigned following charges of graft
and corruption in his administration.
(AP, 9/1/97)

1932 Sep 3, In Soviet Russia
Pavel Morozov (13) was allegedly killed by his relatives in
Gerasimovka for having reporting his father to the state
authorities. In 2005 Catriona Kelly authored “Comrade Pavlik: The
Rise and Fall of a Soviet Boy Hero."
(Econ, 6/4/05,
p.80)(http://encycl.opentopia.com/term/Pavlik_Morozov)

1932 Sep 8, Patsy Cline
(d.1963), country singer, was born in Winchester, Va. Her hits
included "Crazy" and "I Fall to Pieces."
(HN, 9/8/00)(MC, 9/8/01)

1932 Sep 9, The steamboat SS
Observation exploded in NYC East River and 71 were killed.
(MC, 9/9/01)

1932 Sep 12, The German
Reichstag under the new chairmanship of Hermann Goring gave a vote
of no confidence to Franz von Papen and his government. Just before
that vote was taken, Papen had slapped an order on Göring's desk
dissolving the Reichstag and calling yet again for new elections.
(www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/collapse.htm)

1932 Oct 2, The NY Yankees won
the World Series against the Chicago Cubs in 4 games.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_World_Series)

1932 Oct 3, Iraq became
independent after a hundred years of direct foreign rule. Created as
a British mandate after World War I, Iraq received its full
independence when it was admitted into the League of Nations.
(NH, 9/96, p.14)(SFC, 2/24/98, p.A9)(HNQ,
6/20/99)(MC, 10/3/01)

1932 Oct 15, In India J.R.D
Tata began flying regular mail service. India’s first airline, Air
India, was founded by the Tata family. In 2007 it merged with Indian
Airlines.
(www.airindia.com/SBCMS/Webpages/JRD.aspx?MID=196#)(Econ, 3/23/13,
p.72)

1932 Nov 1, Werner von Braun
was named head of German liquid-fuel rocket program.
(MC, 11/1/01)

1932 Nov 2, Melvin Schwartz,
physicist, was born. He won the Nobel Prize for work on neutrinos.
(HN, 11/2/00)

1932 Nov 5, Mussolini freed
16,000 criminals.
(MC, 11/5/01)

1932 Nov 6, Don King, fight
promoter, was born.
(MC, 11/6/01)

1932 Nov 8, New York Gov.
Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated incumbent Herbert Hoover for the
presidency. Roosevelt became the 32nd president with about 87% of
the Electoral College.
(AP, 11/8/97)(HN, 11/6/98)(HNQ, 11/7/00)

1932 Nov 15, Charles Waddell
Chesnutt (b.1858), author and political activist, died. He is best
known for novels and short stories from Fayetteville, North
Carolina. In 1978 Frances Richardson Keller (1915-2007) authored “An
American Crusade: The Life of Charles Waddell Chesnutt."
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_W._Chesnutt)

1932 Nov 17, German government
of von Papen resigned paving the way for a Nazi takeover.
(www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/collapse.htm)

1932 Nov 28, Benjamin William
Bova, US sci-fi author (Exiled from Earth), was born.
(MC, 11/28/01)
1932 Nov 28, Groucho Marx
performed on radio for the first time this day. Using his
fast-paced, ingenious patter, he invented a new form of comedy that
delighted audiences from coast to coast.
(DTnet, 11/28/97)

1932 Nov, In San Francisco the
Group f.64 announced themselves to a sceptical art world at the M.H.
de Young Memorial Museum. The 11-member group of photographers
included Imogen Cunningham, Preston Holder and Brett Weston.
(SFC, 11/24/14, p.78)

1932 Dec 8, Gertrude Jekyll
(b.1843), English gardener and writer, died.
(WSJ, 3/1/08,
p.W16)(http://www.cix.co.uk/~museumgh/jekyll.htm)
1932 Dec 8, Japan told the
League of Nations that it had no control over her designs in China.
(HN, 12/8/98)

1932 Dec 19, The British
Broadcasting Corp. began transmitting overseas with its "Empire
Service" to Australia.
(AP, 12/19/97)

1932 Dec 21, Fred Astaire and
Ginger Rogers made their 1st movie together, "Flying Down to Rio."
(MC, 12/21/01)
1932 Dec 21, Carl McGee,
Oklahoma inventor, applied for a patent for his parking meter. He
had came up with the 1st coin-operated, single-space, mechanical
meter to be used to free up parking spaces in downtown Oklahoma
City.
(WSJ, 6/30/05,
p.B1)(www.ok-history.mus.ok.us/enc/parking.htm)

1932 Dec 26, Some 70,000 were
killed in a massive earthquake in Kansu, China.
(HN,
12/26/98)(www.disaster-management.net/earthqu1.htm)

1932 Dec 27, Radio City Music
Hall was opened in New York City. The new acoustics proved
unpopular. In 2002 Emily Thompson authored "The Soundscape of
Modernity," a look at the early era of modern acoustics.
(HFA, '96, p.44)(AP, 12/27/97)(WSJ, 4/24/02,
p.D9)

1932 Dec 30, The USSR barred
food handouts for housewives under 36 years of age. They would now
have to work to eat.
(HN, 12/30/98)

1932 Dec, Marlin R.M. Kemmerer
drew a revolver in the Capital House gallery. Rep. Melvin Maas, a
republican from Minn., convinced the man to drop the gun.
(SFC, 7/25/98, p.A6)

1932 Svetlana Beriosova
(d.1998) was born in Kaunas, Lithuania. Her father, Nicholas
Beriozoff, worked at the Lithuanian State Opera. He later danced for
the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo. Svetlana went on to become a
leading ballerina with the Royal Ballet of England.
(SFC, 11/14/98, p.A23)

1932 Arshile Gorky created his
"Nightmare, Enigma and Nostalgia" series.
(SFEM, 6/29/97, p.4)
1932 Edward Hopper painted his
"Room in New York."
(SFEC, 5/11/97, BR p.1)
1932 Lois Mailou Jones, Harlem
Renaissance artist, painted "The Ascent of Ethiopia."
(SFEM, 2/1/98, p.18)
1932 Georgia O’Keeffe painted
"Jimson Weed."
(SFEC, 8/10/97, p.T5)
1932 Picasso (1881-1973)
painted "The Mirror." In 1989 it sold for $26.4 mil. and in 1995 for
$20 mil. He also painted "Bather With a Beach Ball" later at New
York’s MOMA. His work "The Dream" sold for $48.4 mil in 1997. His
painting "Nu au fauteuil noir" (nude on a black armchair), a nude
portrait of Maria-Theresa Walter, was auctioned for $45.1 million in
1999. His work "Compotier et Guitare" sold for $8.9 million in 2000.
A painting titled “La Lecture," depicting his young lover
Maria-Theresa Walter (17), sold in 2011 for $40.7 million.
(WSJ, 11/21/95, p.A-12)(SFC, 6/4/96, p.E5)(WSJ,
11/25/97, p.A20)(SFC, 11/6/99, p.B1)(WSJ, 11/10/99, p.A4)(WSJ,
5/12/00, p.W16)(SFC, 2/9/11, p.A2)
1932 Picasso’s created his
painting “Nude, Green Leaves and Bust." In 2010 it sold for a record
$106.5 million to an unidentified buyer at a Christie’s auction in
NYC.
(SFC, 5/5/10, p.A6)
1932 Mexican artist Diego
Rivera arrived in Detroit, Michigan with his artist wife Frida
Kahlo. He had been commissioned by William Valentiner, a German art
historian and director of the Detroit Institute of Arts (DIA), to
create murals at the DIA under a grant from Edsel Ford.
(SFC, 5/1/15, p.77)
1932 David Alfaro Sigueiros,
Mexican artist, arrived in Los Angeles to teach at the LA Art School
and spent seven months there. He experimented with new industrial
tools and created large outdoor murals. His 80x18 foot mural, “La
America Tropical," on City Hall on Olvera Street, commissioned by
Christine Sterling, was painted over following completion. Soon
thereafter his request for a visa renewal was denied. In 2006 LA and
the Getty Foundation began a $7.7 million project to restore the
work.
(SFC, 8/4/06, p.E7)(Econ, 9/25/10, p.103)

1932 J.R. Ackerly authored
"Hindoo Holiday." It is about a small Indian kingdom seen through
the eyes of a homosexual Englishman.
(WSJ, 7/6/01, p.W11)

1932 Columbia professor Adolf
Berle and researcher Gardiner Means wrote "The Modern Corporation
and Private Property," wherein they argued that with the rise of the
public corporation, the owners had lost control and that managers
had gained the upper hand over small shareholders. They called for
more regulation to check abuses.
(WSJ, 4/18/96, p.C-1)(WSJ, 6/26/02, p.A18)(WSJ,
3/22/04, p.A12)

1932 Louis-Ferdinand Celine
(1894-1961), French physician and writer, authored “Journey to the
End of Night."
(www.kirjasto.sci.fi/lfceline.htm)(WSJ, 9/23/06,
p.P8)

1932 Aldous Huxley wrote "Brave
New World." A 2-hour TV version was made in 1998.
(WSJ, 4/13/98, p.A20)

1932 Joseph Roth (1894-1939),
an Austrian-Jewish writer, authored “The Radetzky March," a novel of
the decline of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was translated into
English in 1995. Roth’s 1938 sequel was translated to English in
2013.
(Econ, 2/2/13, p.74)

1932 John Steinbeck wrote his
novel "The Red Pony." It was made into a 1948 film.
(SFEC, 6/21/98, DB p.35)

1932 Philip Stong published his
novel “State Fair." It was made into a non-musical film in 1933 and
in 1945 became a musical film with songs by Richard Rogers and Oscar
Hammerstein.
(WSJ, 8/16/06, p.D12)

1932 Laura Ingalls Wilder wrote
"Little House in the Big Woods," the first of a series. A biography
"Laura Ingalls Wilder: Storyteller of the Prairie" was written in
1997 by Ginger Wadsworth.
(SFEC, 3/30/97, BR. p.10)

1932 The Disney short film
“Flowers and Trees" was the first cartoon made in full-color
Technicolor and was the first animated film to win an Oscar.
(WSJ, 6/28/08, p.W6)

1932 The Milton Ager and Jack
Yellen song “Happy Days Are Here Again" was used as the campaign
song for the election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
(SFC, 1/19/09, p.E1)

1932 Berthold Goldschmidt
(1903-1996), composer and conductor, had his first opera "Der
Gewaltige Hahnrei" (The Splendid Cuckold) performed in Mannheim. His
later work included a "Clarinet Quartet" (1983), the choral work
"Belsatzar" (1985) and his 3rd (1988) and 4th (1992) string
quartets.
(SFC, 10/19/96, A22)

1932 The Boerentoren (Farmer’s
Tower) in Antwerp, Belgium was completed. It was referred to as
Torengebouw, or the Tower Building, and was Europe’s first
skyscraper at 27 stories.
(Hem., 7/95, p.30)

1932 The new Student
Publications Building of the Univ. of Michigan, designed by UM
alumni, opened.
(LSA, Fall/06, p.63)

1932 In San Francisco a series
of homes were built on the 1500 block of 36th Avenue in the
storybook style designed by architect Oliver Rousseau.
(SSFC, 6/10/12, p.E2)
1932 In San Francisco the
structure at 320-326 Judah was built and extended in 1940. It
contained the sales office of Henry Doelger, who developed the
Sunset district from sand dunes to subdivisions.
(SSFC, 3/25/12, p.C2)
1932 In San Francisco the Roman
Catholic church St. Anne of the Sunset was built at 850 Judah St. It
was designed in a Romanesque style by architects Shea &
Lofquist.
(SSFC, 11/15/09, p.C3)
1932 In San Francisco the
Convent of the Good Shepherd opened on University Mound in the
Portola District. It later sold its educational complex to an
evangelical school and in 1961 began offering shelter for homeless
women in a small house that formerly served graduates of the girls
school.
(SFC, 6/12/13, p.E5)
1932 In Oakland, Ca., the
Morcom garden was built as a Works Progress Administration (WPA)
project. The 8-acre park included a lily pond and a cascading
waterfall.
(SFC, 9/21/09, p.D2)
1932 The 18-hole Sharp Park
Golf Course opened in Pacifica, Ca. SF park superintendent John
McLaren had hired Alister MacKenzie to design the course on land
donated by sugar magnate Adolph Spreckels.
(SFC, 8/31/09, p.A1)

1932 The Cowles Commission for
Research in Economics was founded by the businessman and economist,
Alfred Cowles. It was dedicated to the pursuit of linking economic
theory to mathematics and statistics. The Cowles Commission
initially found its home in Colorado Springs under the directorship
of Charles F. Roos.
(http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/schools/cowles.htm)

1932 Elmer Doolin of Texas gave
a border cook $100 for a corn chip recipe that grew to become
Fritos.
(SFEC, 1/17/99, Z1 p.1)

1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt was
nominated at the Democratic Convention in Chicago and proposed the
New Deal. He was elected.
(TMC, 1994, p.1932)(WSJ, 8/26/96, p.A1)

1932 In the presidential
campaign, President Herbert Hoover warned Americans that if the "New
Deal" proposed by Democrat Franklin Roosevelt came to power, "the
grass will grow in the streets of a hundred cities, a thousand
towns; the weeds will overrun the fields of millions of farms…."
Roosevelt won the election and quickly implemented his "New Deal"
policies to bring America out of the Great Depression.
(HNQ, 7/13/98)
1932 Pres. Hoover pushed
through a ferocious tax increase to balance the budget and restore
"confidence."
(WSJ, 9/25/02, p.D8)
1932 The Great Sand Dunes in
Colorado were declared a national monument by Pres. Herbert Hoover.
(AP, 9/12/04)

1932 John Nance Garner, speaker
of the House of Representatives, won the nomination on the
Democratic presidential ticket. Vice President in the first two
Franklin Roosevelt administrations, Garner later described the
position of vice president of the U.S. as "not worth a bucket of
warm spit."
(HNQ, 7/22/99)

1932 The US government began
its 40-year Tuskegee Syphilis Study on 623 black men in rural Macon
County, Ala. It ended in 1972 after Health Service investigator
Peter Buxton exposed the study's unethical procedures.
(SSFC, 1/25/04, p.A27)

1932 Federal charges were
brought against Samuel Insull, who had bribed lawmakers and the
Illinois Power Commission to prevent local governments from
generating their own power. His investors lost over $1 billion.
Insull fled the country, was extradited, tried and acquitted of all
charges.
(SSFC, 7/14/02, p.G2)

1932 The New York Supreme Court
decreed: "Of all the expensive hobbies, the collection of wives is
among the most expensive."
(SFC, 7/14/96, Z1 p.2)

1932 The Communist Party asked
Whittaker Chambers to serve as courier for the Soviet espionage
networks in the US. Chambers had entered Columbia Univ. in 1920 with
classmate Lionel Trilling and studied under Mark Van Doren. His
biography, "Whittaker Chambers," by Sam Tanenhaus was published in
1997.
(WSJ, 2/20/97, p.A18)

1932 The Dust Bowl hit the US
and 12 million people were out of work, 24% of the labor force. 30
million were unemployed in all the major industrial countries.
(TMC, 1994, p.1932)(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R25)

1932 GE Capital was founded as
General electric contracts corp. to provide financing to support the
groups industrial businesses.
(Econ, 3/21/09, p.73)

1932 Sears opened its first
downtown Chicago store on State St. Some 15,000 customers visited on
opening day.
(SFC, 1/23/14, p.C3)

1932 Kenton Hardware
Manufacturing Co., founded in Ohio in 1890 as a lock maker, began
making toy concrete mixers under the Jaeger brand name. The company
closed in 1952.
(SFC, 5/28/08, p.G2)

1932 The Scotch tape dispenser
was invented.
(SFC, 7/14/99, p.7)

1932 George Wald (d.1997 at
90), helped discover Vitamin A in the retina and retinol as a
component of the visual cycle as a National Research Council fellow
in Germany. In 1967 he won a Nobel Prize for his work on the
biochemistry of vision.
(SFC, 4/14/97, p.A19)

1932 James Chadwick discovered
the neutron. This neutron has almost the mass as a proton but no
electrical charge.
(NG, May 1985, J. Boslough, p. 642)(BHT, Hawking,
p.64)

1932 John von Neumann adduced a
mathematical proof that no "realistic" theory could match the
predictions of quantum physics.
(WSJ, 1/23/97, p.A12)

1932 Alfonso Caso, dean of
Mexican anthropologists, published the results of his discoveries at
Mt. Alban in Oaxaca. "It is our problem to learn why the Mixtecs
buried their nobles in this ancient Zapotecan tomb."
(RFH-MDHP, p.255,273)

1932 Richard Pough took photos
of piles of dead and dying hawks, shot as a pastime from Hawk
Mountain in Kempton, Pennsylvania, during their migration. The
photos inspired the transformation of the site to a sanctuary by
1934.
(NH, 10/96, p.48)

1932 San Diego was the suicide
capital of the country.
(SFEC, 5/2/99, Z1 p.1)

1932 Hart Crane (b.1899),
American poet, committed suicide by jumping off a ship in the
Atlantic Ocean.
(WSJ, 8/19/97, p.A17)

1932 In Australia Sidney’s
Harbor Bridge between north and south Sydney was completed after 10
years. It was supposed to be the world's longest single-span bridge
on completion, but New York’s Bayonne Bridge beat it by 25 inches.
(SFEC, 1/4/98, p.T1)(USAT, 9/17/99, p.1D)(SFEC,
9/10/00, p.T12)
1932 Phar Lap, an Australian
race horse, took ill and died after being taken to the United
States. The giant New Zealand-born chestnut became an icon in
Australia during the Great Depression, winning 37 of his 51 races,
including one Melbourne Cup in 1930 and two Cox Plates in 1930 and
1931. In 2008 tests proved that Phar Lap was poisoned by arsenic.
(AFP, 6/19/08)

1932 Brazilian women won the
right to vote.
(SFC, 9/25/96, p.A1)
1932 Brazil enacted a no-arrest
provision that prohibited voters from being arrested five days
before elections unless they are caught red-handed. It was included
in the Brazilian electoral code after a period in which election
fraud and arrests to intimidate voters were common.
(AP, 10/27/10)

1932 A British team at
Cambridge Univ. split the atom. Mark Oliphant (d.2000 at 98) was a
member of the team at Cavendish Laboratory.
(SFC, 7/18/00, p.A22)

1932 Denmark’s LEGO Group was
founded by Ole Kirk Kristiansen, a carpenter. The name came from the
Danish words leg godt (play well). He began to supplement his income
by selling wooden toys. Christiansen and his grandson perfected toy
bricks made of wood and later shifted to plastic.
(www.lego.com/eng/info/default.asp?page=group)(Econ, 4/28/12,
p.76)(Econ, 3/8/14, p.71)

1932 In France the Basler
Handelbank affair broke out. The president and vice-president of the
commercial bank in Basle were arrested in Paris by the French
police. In their trunks, the investigators found the list of 2,000
French clients who had confidentially deposited their holdings in
Switzerland. They represented all of French high society: a few
senators, a former minister, bishops, generals and manufacturers.
(Econ, 3/7/09,
p.62)(http://swiss-bank-accounts.com/e/banking/secrecy/handelsbank.html)
1932 Paul Ricard (1909-1997)
mixed liquorice, aniseed and star aniseed to make the aperitif that
he called Ricard pastis. His brand became a market leader and he
became one of the country’s richest and most influential men. The
Ricard firm later became Pernod Ricard.
(SFC,11/8/97, p.A22)(Econ, 4/5/08, p.68)

1932 Hans Fallada (1893-1947),
German writer, authored “Little Man, What Now?" The book was an
immediate success in Germany, where today it is considered to be a
modern classic, given its intense descriptions of the last days of
the Weimar Republic.
(http://tinyurl.com/nksb5cj)(Econ, 1/3/15, p.70)
1932 In Germany there was a
transport workers’ strike in Berlin in which the Communists
collaborated with the Nazis against the democratic Weimar Republic.
(WSJ, 6/02/97, p.A20)

1932 In Greece Aristotle
Onassis bought his first 6 freight ships. He became a shipping
magnate worth $500 million when he died in 1975.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R49)

1932 Fianna Fail, led by Irish
premier Eamon de Valera, won a majority in the Dail Eireann, the
Irish legislative assembly.
(ON, 9/04, p.7)

1932 Edmund Safra (d.1999) was
born to a banking family in Beirut. The Safras left for Brazil in
1948.
(SFC, 12/4/99, p.A15)
1932 Lebanon counted the number
of adherents to various religions in order to share out power under
a system known as confessionalism. As of 2008 this was Lebanon’s
last census.
(Econ, 12/22/07, p.99)

1932 In Mali French colonial
authorities planned a 2.47 million acre irrigation project to grow
cotton and rice and to develop hydropower in the Mali desert. By
1982 only 6% of the region was developed. The World Bank took over
in 1985 with some success in farming rice.
(SFC, 12/21/07, p.A31)

1932 The Los Flamingos Hotel
was built in Acapulco, Mexico. John Wayne and a number of Hollywood
pals bought it in 1954 and closed it to the public.
(SSFC, 11/2/03, p.C6)

1932 Mexico abolished the death
penalty.
(SFC, 1/16/02, p.A3)

1932 Netherlands passed a
blasphemy law that mandated a maximum sentence of three months in
prison for a convicted "scornful blasphemer."
(AP, 5/24/11)

1932 In Rhodesia (later
Zimbabwe) the Gospel of God church was founded by Johane Masowe
(1914-1973, a Shona prophet who believed he was a reincarnation of
John the Baptist and traveled the continent spreading the word.
(www.dacb.org/stories/zimbabwe/johane_masowe.html)(Reuters, 5/29/15)

1932 In Russia the Gorky
Automobile Works (GAZ) was founded in Nizhny Novgorod.
(USAT, 10/9/98, p.12A)

1932 In Spain the town of Bunol
banned bullfighting. An annual Tomatina festival later took its
place where participants pelt each other with tomatoes. [see
1944-45]
(SFC, 8/29/96, p.A12)

1932-1933 Stalin imposed terror and famine on the
Ukraine, Kuban and Kazakhstan that was carried out be Lazar
Kaganovich. Millions died in the famine. Stalin provoked what the
Ukrainians called the Great Famine as part of his campaign to force
Ukrainian peasants to give up their land and join collective farms.
During the height of the famine, which was enforced by methodical
confiscation of all food by the Soviet secret police, cannibalism
was widespread.
(WSJ, 2/14/96, p.A-15)(SFC, 4/3/97, p.C2)(AP,
11/26/05)

1932-1934 Pablo Picasso painted the Head of
Marie-Theresa "suavely abstracted into a bowl of fruit."
(SFC, 6/4/96, p.E5)

1932-1935 The Chaco War was fought between
Paraguay and Bolivia. The war was waged over disputed territory in
the Chaco Boreal, a plain shared by both South American countries.
Although outnumbered and poorly equipped, the Paraguayan army won
every major engagement with the Bolivians. Some 90,000 people were
killed in the war. A commission of neutral nations awarded most of
the disputed territory to Paraguay in 1938.
(HNQ, 7/18/98)(SFC, 8/17/06, p.A10)

c1932-1936 The approximate number of "Okies" who
fled to California during the Dust Bowl was 300,000-400,000. Already
battered by the Great Depression, small farmers in eastern Colorado,
western Texas and Kansas, and Oklahoma were devastated by a
dry-weather cycle that created swirling dust storms in the
mid-1930s. Those who fled the farms for work in California were
dubbed "Okies," a term popularized by John Steinbeck’s 1939 novel
The Grapes of Wrath. The Okies sought a stable life in California on
farms of their own but were largely forced to become migrant workers
in California’s great agricultural valleys and live in ramshackle
shantytowns.
(HNQ, 9/29/98)

1932-1968 The Chisso Corporation, located in
Kumamoto Japan, dumped an estimated 27 tons of mercury compounds
into Minamata Bay. The name Minamata Disease was coined in 1956 to
identify villagers suffering dizzy spells with troubles walking and
speaking. Growing numbers fell into convulsions, wasted away and
died.
(www.american.edu/TED/MINAMATA.HTM)

1932-1990 Ralph Humphrey, New York abstract
painter. His work included Thin Edge (1981-82).

1932-1995 Louis Malle, French film-maker, he
directed such films as: Atlantic City, My Dinner with Andre and Au
Revoir, Les Enfants. He died of lymphoma on 11/23/95.
(WSJ, 11/27/95, p.A-1)

World War timeline 1933:
http://history.acusd.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/start.html

1933 Jan 3, The Japanese took
Shuangyashan, China, killing 500 in the process.
(HN, 1/3/99)

1933 Jan 5, The 30th president
(1923-1929) of the United States, Calvin Coolidge, died in
Northampton, Mass., at age 60. In 1998 Robert Sobel published his
biography: "Coolidge: An American Enigma." Robert Ferrell published
"The Presidency of Calvin Coolidge." In 2006 David Greenberg
authored “Calvin Coolidge."
(AP, 1/5/98)(WSJ, 6/16/98, p.A17)(WSJ, 8/7/98,
p.W13)(WSJ, 12/12/06, p.D8)
1933 Jan 5, In San Francisco
federal judge Harold Lauderback ordered the auction of 2,245 gallons
of moonshine that had been seized in raids.
(SSFC, 1/4/09, DB p.50)
1933 Jan 5, Work on the Golden
Gate Bridge began on the Marin County side of SF Bay.
(SSFC, 5/20/12, p.E10)

1933 Jan 21, Itzhak Fuks,
Israeli El Al captain, was born. He was captain of the Jumbo Jet
that crashed in Amsterdam on Oct 4, 1992.
(MC, 1/21/02)
1933 Jan 21, The League of
Nations rejected Japanese terms for settlement with China.
(HN, 1/21/99)

1933 Jan 25, Corazon Aquino was
born as Corazon Cojuangco. She defeated the corrupt Ferdinand Marcos
to become the President of the Philippines (1986-1992). Her husband
had been killed by Marcos’ gunmen.
(HN,
1/25/99)(www.answers.com/topic/coraz-n-aquino)

1933 Jan 28, Susan Sontag,
American essayist and novelist, was born. Her works included "The
Style of Radical Will" and "Illness as a Metaphor."
(HN, 1/28/99)

1933 Jan 30, German President
Paul von Hindenburg made Adolf Hitler chancellor. After World War I,
Germany fell into disarray and looked for a leader to strengthen it
again. Hitler had emerged after joining the Nazi Party in 1919 and
taking it over in 1921. In 1932 Hitler ran against von Hindenburg
and lost--but not by a wide margin. The Nazis won 230 seats in the
German parliament and continued to gain influence, stifling
democracy and communism by force and by making laws against them.
After Hindenburg's death in 1934, Hitler proclaimed himself Der
Führer of the Third Reich and continued as Germany's leader through
World War II. Gen. Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord tried to block the
appointment of Hitler as chancellor but was overruled by Pres.
Hindenburg.
(AP, 1/30/98)(HN, 1/30/99)(HNPD, 1/31/99)(SFC,
2/5/00, p.A19)
1933 Jan 30, The first episode
of the "Lone Ranger" radio program was broadcast on station WXYZ in
Detroit. The show was created by George Washington Trendle and Fran
Striker. The show ran for 21 years on ABC radio.
(AP, 1/30/98)(SFC, 12/29/99, p.A11)(MC, 1/30/02)

1933 Feb 6, Walter E. Fountroy,
U.S. Delegate to the House of Representatives and civil rights
leader, was born.
(HN, 2/6/99)
1933 Feb 6, The 20th Amendment
to the Constitution was declared in effect. The Lame-Duck Amendment
changed the inauguration date of congressmen from March 4 to January
3. Moving back the inauguration date for newly-elected congressmen
reduced the time that defeated members, or "lame ducks," remain in
office. January 20 was the date set for the president and
vice-president. Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt became the 1st to be
inaugurated on Jan 20 in 1937.
(AP, 2/6/97)(SSFC, 1/20/13, Par p.4)
1933 Feb 6, Adolf Hitler's
Third Reich began to press censorship.
(HN, 2/6/99)
1933 Feb 6, Highest recorded
sea wave, but not a tsunami, was 34 m. in a Pacific hurricane.
(MC, 2/6/02)

1933 Feb 15, President-elect
Roosevelt escaped an assassination attempt in Miami. Giuseppa
Zangara, an unemployed New Jersey bricklayer from Italy, fired five
pistol shots at the back of President-elect Franklin Roosevelt's
head from only twenty-five feet away. While all five rounds missed
their target, each bullet found a separate victim. One of these was
Mayor Anton Cermak of Chicago. Gunman Giuseppe Zangara was executed
more than four weeks later, on March 20. [see Mar 6, 20]
(WSJ, 5/24/00, p.A24)(AP, 2/15/07)

1933 Feb 17, Newsweek magazine
was first published by Thomas J.C. Martyn under the title
"News-Week."
(AP, 2/17/07)
1933 Feb 17, Blondie Boopadoop
married Dagwood Bumstead in the comic Blondie.
(MC, 2/17/02)
1933 Feb 17, US Senate accepted
the Blaine Act ending prohibition.
(MC, 2/17/02)
1933 Feb 17, The League of
Nations censured Japan in a worldwide broadcast. The rise of
militaristic nationalism led Japan down the road to Pearl Harbor and
World War II.
(HN, 2/17/98)

1933 Feb 18, James Corbett
(b.1866), American heavyweight boxing champ, died. He is best known
as the man who defeated the great John L. Sullivan in 1892.
Corbett’s 1926 memoir was titled “The roar of the Crowd: the True
Tale of the Rise and Fall of a Champion."
(AH, 2/06,
p.35)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_J._Corbett)

1933 Feb 24, Final
demonstration of German communist party in Berlin took place.
(MC, 2/24/02)
1933 Feb 24, The League of
Nations told the Japanese to pull out of Manchuria.
(www.indiana.edu/~league/1933.htm)

1933 Feb 26, Sir James
Goldsmith (d.7/18/97), later financier and corporate raider
(Referendum Party), was born in Paris to a Catholic French mother
and a German Jewish father who later moved to Britain and served as
a Conservative member of parliament.
(SFEC, 7/20/97, p.B6)(SC, 2/26/02)
1933 Feb 26, Ground was broken
for the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. Russell Cone was hired
to oversee the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge. He had
already worked on the Philadelphia-Camden (Ben Franklin) Bridge, the
Detroit-Windsor Ambassador Bridge and the Tacony-Palmyra Bridge.
(HN, 2/26/98)(SFC,12/20/97, p.A21)

1933 Feb 27, Jean Genet's
"Intermezzo," premiered in Paris.
(MC, 2/27/02)
1933 Feb 27, Germany's
parliament building, the Reichstag, caught fire. The Nazis blamed
the Communists and used the fire as a pretext for suspending civil
liberties and increasing their power. Georgi Dimitrov, a Bulgarian
Communist, was one of the accused plotters, but was acquitted. After
WW II Dimitrov became the 1st premier of communist Bulgaria. In 2003
Ivo Banac edited "The Diary of Georgi Dimitrov."
(AP, 2/27/98)(HN, 2/27/99)(WSJ, 6/6/03, p.W9)

1933 Feb, The US Congress
passed the 21st amendment to repeal the 18th amendment, which
outlawed alcohol.
(SFC, 4/7/96, p.B-11)

1933 Mar 1, Bank holidays were
declared in 6 states to prevent run on banks.
(SC, 3/1/02)

1933 Mar 2, Hollywood
premiered "King Kong" in New York featuring Fay Wray. The film,
directed by Meriam C. Cooper, used stop-motion photography and an
18-inch model for Kong. The film saved RKO Studios from bankruptcy.
It was re-released in 1938 with a scene excised of Kong ripping at
Fay Wray’s dress and then sniffing his finger. It was rated #43 by
the Amer. Film Inst. in 1998. In 2001 it was rated the #12 most
thrilling film.
(SFC, 4/13/96, p.E5)(SFC,11/15/97, p.C6)(AP,
3/2/98)(WSJ, 3/19/98, p.R4)
1933 Mar 2, Most powerful
earthquake in 180 years hit Japan.
(SC, 3/2/02)

1933 Mar 4, Henderson, DeSylva
and Brown's "Strike Me Pink" premiered in NYC.
(SC, 3/4/02)
1933 Mar 4, Franklin D.
Roosevelt was inaugurated to his first term as president in
Washington, D.C. He pledged to lead the country out of the Great
Depression: "We have nothing to fear but fear itself." The start of
President Roosevelt's first administration brought with it the first
woman to serve in the Cabinet: Labor Secretary Frances Perkins. He
chose Homer Cummings as his attorney general. Cummings served 5
years and 10 months. Herbert Hoover was denied the courtesy of
Secret Service protection traditionally accorded an outgoing
president.
(AP, 3/4/98)(HN, 3/4/98)(SFC, 1/11/99, p.A5)(HNQ,
1/16/01)(SC, 3/4/02)
1933 Mar 4, The US Federal
Reserve refused to lend and shut its doors. NYC bankers had turned
to the Federal Reserve for funds as failing inland state banks
called in inter-bank deposits.
(Econ, 4/12/14, p.54)
1933 Mar 4, Chancellor Dollfuss
dissolved the Austrian parliament.
(www.ad2000.com.au/articles/2005/mar2005p17_1890.html)

1933 Mar 5, Franklin D.
Roosevelt ordered a four-day bank holiday in order to stop large
amounts of money from being withdrawn from the banks.
(HN, 3/5/98)
1933 Mar 5, In German
parliamentary elections, the Nazi Party won 44 percent of the vote,
enabling it to join with Nationalists to gain a slender majority in
the Reichstag.
(AP, 3/5/98)(HN, 3/5/98)

1933 Mar 6, A nationwide bank
holiday declared by President Roosevelt went into effect. Overseas
deposits shrank by just 2% as a result of the closure.
(AP, 3/6/98)(Econ, 5/15/10, SR p.13)
1933 Mar 6, Anton J. Cermak
(b.1873), Czech-born 35th mayor of Chicago, died in Miami following
the Feb 15th assassination attempt by Giuseppe Zangara, who was
trying to shoot FDR. Zangara was executed in the electric chair on
March 21, 1933. Cermak became the 2nd US mayor to die in a political
killing.
(SFC, 11/28/03,
p.E2)(www.cermak.com/mayor/index3.html)
1933 Mar 6, Poland occupied
free city Danzig (Gdansk).
(MC, 3/6/02)

1933 Mar 7, George Darrow added
some copyrighted art work to the board game Monopoly and began
selling it commercially in Philadelphia. He sold it to Parker
Brothers in 1934. The game had originally been patented in 1904 as
the Landlord’s Game by Elizabeth J. Magie. In Oct 1929 Ruth Hoskins
brought a version to Atlantic City, refined the rules and street
names. It was later introduced to George Darrow.
(HN, 3/7/98)(WSJ, 2/3/05,
p.W12)(http://richard_wilding.tripod.com/history.htm)

1933 Mar 9, The Emergency
Banking Relief Act of 1933 was signed into law by President Franklin
D. Roosevelt. The Act's primary function was to prohibit the
hoarding of gold coins, and did so by authorizing the United States
Treasury to request all people and companies of the US to send in
their gold reserves.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass-Steagall_Act)
1933 Mar 9, Congress, called
into special session by President Roosevelt, began its 100 days of
enacting New Deal legislation.
(AP, 3/9/98)

1933 Mar 12, President
Roosevelt delivered the first of his radio "fireside chats," telling
Americans what was being done to deal with the nation’s economic
crisis.
(AP, 3/12/98)
1933 Mar 12, Hindenburg dropped
the flag of the German Republic and ordered that the swastika and
empire banner be flown side by side.
(HN, 3/12/98)

1933 Mar 13, Banks began to
re-open after a holiday declared by President Roosevelt.
(AP, 3/13/97)
1933 Mar 13, In Germany
Wagner’s opera "Die Meistersinger" was used to celebrate the first
Nazi-dominated Reichstag and became the Third Reich’s national
festival opera.
(WSJ, 8/2/96, p.A10)
1933 Mar 13, Josef Goebbels
became Nazi minister of Information and Propaganda.
(MC, 3/13/02)

1933 Mar 27, Some 55,000 people
staged a protest against Hitler in New York.
(HN, 3/27/98)
1933 Mar 27, Polythene was
discovered by Reginald Gibson and Eric William Fawcett.
(MC, 3/27/02)
1933 Mar 27, Japan left the
League of Nations.
(www.indiana.edu/~league/1933.htm)

1933 Mar 29, The front page of
the New York Evening Post said "Famine Grips Russia — Millions
Dying." The report was by Welsh journalist Gareth Jones who had
recently sneaked into Ukraine, at the height of a famine engineered
by Soviet dictator Josef Stalin. Jones was killed by bandits in 1935
while covering Japan's expansion into China. In 2009 the diaries of
Jones were put on display for the first time in London.
(AP, 11/13/09)

1933 Mar 31, Shirley Jones,
actress (Partridge Family, Elmer Gantry), was born in Smithton, Pa.
(MC, 3/31/02)
1933 Mar 31, Congress approved,
and President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed, the Emergency
Conservation Work Act (Reforestation Relief Act), which created the
Civilian Conservation Corps. The US unemployment rate reached 25%.
In its nine years of existence, the New Deal’s Civilian Conservation
Corps had a total of 2.9 million men aged 18 to 25 enrolled. The
program was designed to provide jobs for young men in the national
forests, conservation programs and national road construction.
Enacted as one of President Franklin Roosevelt’s first New Deal
programs, it lasted until World War II. At its high point in
September 1935, the CCC had 2,514 work camps across the U.S. with
502,000 men enrolled.
(SFEC, 5/2/99, Z1 p.1)(HNQ, 7/23/99)(AP,
3/31/08)(SSFC, 1/18/09, p.D6)
1933 Mar 31, German Republic
gave dictatorial power to Hitler.
(MC, 3/31/02)

1933 Mar, FDR appointed Dean
Acheson (1893-1953) Under Secretary of the Treasury. Acheson was
forced to resign from the Roosevelt Administration after only six
months because he opposed the president’s plan to devalue the gold
content of the dollar. He remained close to the president however
and became an Assistant Secretary of State in 1941. Acheson served
as Secretary of State from 1949 to 1953 and was a major architect of
postwar U.S. foreign policy.
(ttp://tinyurl.com/c8flq)
1933 Mar, The low point for
America's economy during the Great Depression was in March 1933.
Industrial production was dropping dramatically with output nearly
half of the previous year and unemployment mounting to 15 million.
The bank crisis deepened with banking holidays blanketing the nation
and one-third of the country's railroad mileage in bankruptcy. With
the inauguration of Franklin Roosevelt on March 4, 1933, and his
summoning of a special session of the 73rd Congress, the New Deal
policies of economic reconstruction began.
(HNQ, 11/25/98)

1933 Apr 3, The dirigible Akron
crashed into the Atlantic off of New Jersey and killed 73 0f the 76
men aboard.
(SFC, 9/20/97, p.A21)
1933 Apr 3, Royal Air Force
Lieutenant David McIntyre and the Scottish Marquess of Clydesdale,
flying two open-cockpit Westland aircraft, completed the first
overflight and aerial photographic survey of Mount Everest. The
British Mount Everest team, battled extreme cold and high winds as
they photographed the previously unknown crest of the 29,028-foot
peak.
(HNPD, 4/3/99)

1933 Apr 29, Constantine Cavafy
(b.1863), Greek poet, died in Alexandria, Egypt. The 1996 Greek film
"Cavafy" was a profile of the Greek homosexual poet, and a winner of
Greece’s National Film Award for best feature of the year. Cavafy
spent 30 years working as a clerk in the Ministry of Irrigation. In
2006 “The Collected Poems of C.P. Cavafy," translated by Aliki
Barstone, was published.
(SFC, 6/18/98, p.E4)(SSFC, 6/24/01, DB
p.64)(www.kirjasto.sci.fi/kafavis.htm)

1933 Apr 30, Willie Nelson,
country singer who sang "On the Road Again" and "To All the Girls
I’ve Loved Before," was born.
(HN, 4/30/98)
1933 Apr 30, The 70-story RCA
Building, later renamed the GE Building, opened to the public at 30
Rockefeller Plaza in NYC. A mural in the building by Diego Rivera
that included a picture of Lenin was destroyed in Feb 1934. The “top
of the Rock" observatory closed in 1986, but was re-opened in 2005.
(http://archive.rockefeller.edu/faqs/?printer=1)(WSJ, 11/4/99,
p.B6)(SSFC, 11/6/05, p.F2)

1933 May 3, James Brown,
American singer and songwriter, was born. [see May 3, 1928]
(HN, 5/3/01)
1933 May 3, Nellie T. Ross
became the first female director of the U.S. Mint.
(AP, 5/3/97)
1933 May 3, A white buffalo
calf was born in western Montana. He was later named "Big Medicine"
and lived until Aug 25, 1959. His hide was molded to a mannequin and
that went on display at the Montana Historical Society on Jul 13,
1961.
(Helena Museum flyer, 9/11/97)

1933 May 7, Johnny Unitas
(d.2002), the son of Lithuanian immigrants, was born in Pittsburgh,
Pa. He became a NFL Quarterback for the Baltimore Colts and San
Diego Chargers. He was voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in
1979.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Unitas)

1933 May 8, Gandhi began a
hunger strike to protest British oppression in India.
(HN, 5/8/98)

1933 May 9, Spanish anarchists
called for a general strike.
(MC, 5/9/02)

1933 May 10, Barbara Taylor
Bradford, author, was born.
(MC, 5/10/02)
1933 May 10, The Nazis staged
massive public book burnings at Opernplatz in Berlin, Germany. Some
40,000 people watched or took part. In the great Nazi book-burning
frenzy Freud’s work went up in flames, with the declaration: "Down
with the soul-devouring exaggeration of instinctive life, up with
the nobility of the human soul!" Also burned were books by
"unGerman" writers such as: Marx, Brecht, Bloch, Hemingway, Heinrich
Mann and Erich Maria Remarque, author of All Quiet on the Western
Front.
(AP, 5/10/97)(SFC, 1/8/99, p.A13)(HNPD,
3/24/00)(HN, 5/10/02)
1933 May 10, Paraguay declared
war on Bolivia.
(MC, 5/10/02)

1933 May 11, Louis Farrakhan,
leader of the black Nation of Islam, was born.
(HN, 5/11/98)

1933 May 12, The Federal
Emergency Relief Administration and the Agricultural Adjustment
Administration were established to provide help for the needy and
farmers.
(AP, 5/12/03)
1933 May 12, Andrey Andreyevich
Voznesensky, Russian poet, was born.
(HN, 5/12/01)

1933 May 26, Jimmie Rodgers
(b.1897), American country singer known most widely for his rhythmic
yodeling, died of tuberculosis in NYC.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmie_Rodgers_%28country_singer%29)(SSFC,
10/7/12, p.C12)

1933 May 27, Walt Disney’s
Academy Award-winning animated short "The Three Little Pigs" was
released.
(AP, 5/27/97)
1933 May 27, The US Federal
Securities Act was passed to monitor and regulate stocks and bonds.
(SSFC, 1/18/09, p.D6)

1933 Jun 5, Congress voided any
and all gold clauses in public and private debts. The United States
went off the gold standard. [see Apr 19]
(AP, 6/5/97)(HNQ, 6/6/99)

1933 Jun 6, The US Congress
passed the National Employment Service, creating a national system
of public employment offices.
(SSFC, 1/18/09, p.D6)
1933 Jun 6, Richard M.
Hollingshead Jr., auto products salesman, opened the first drive-in
movie theater, in Camden, NJ. The movie shown was "Wives Beware," an
Adolphe Menjou comedy previously released under the title "Two White
Arms." The number of drive-ins peaked at over 4,000 in 1958.
(SFEC,11/30/97, Par p.2)(Hem, 11/02, p.38)(AP,
6/6/08)

1933 Jun 10, F. Lee Bailey,
American defense attorney, was born. He later defended the Boston
Strangler, Patty Hearst and O.J. Simpson
(HN, 6/10/99)
1933 Jun 10, Robert Porterfield
and 22 other hungry actors opened the doors of the Barter Theater in
Abingdon, Virginia. Admission was 40 cents per head or the
equivalent in produce.
(HT, 3/97, p.14)
1933 Jun 10, Col. Eugene
Northington (53) of the US Army Medical Corps died in SF from X-ray
cancers. He had dedicated his life to pioneering work studying
X-rays.
(SSFC, 6/8/08, DB p.58)

1933 Jun 12, The World Monetary
and Economic Conference in London opened and had as its object the
checking of the world depression by means of currency stabilization
and economic agreements. Unbridgeable disagreements among the
delegates from 64 nations and the attitude of the United States made
the meeting a total failure.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Economic_Conference)(Econ,
3/28/09, p.65)

1933 Jun 13, US Congress passed
the Home Owners Refinancing Act, which authorized the Home Owners’
Loan Corporation. Large infusions of US federal cash into
institutions through the Reconstruction Finance Corporation,
chartered under Pres. Hoover in 1932, and to households through the
Home Owners’ Loan Corporation, began a recovery out of the Great
Depression. This was noted in a 1983 paper by later Federal Reserve
Chairman Ben Bernanke.
(www.nps.gov/hofr/upload/On%20this%20day%20in%201933.pdf)(Econ,
9/27/08, p.82)
1933 Jun 13, German Secret
State Police (Gestapo) was established.
(MC, 6/13/02)

1933 Jun 16, The 2nd US
Glass-Steagall Act, actually the Bank Act of 1933, banned banks from
underwriting stocks. It separated regular banks from investment
banks. It was the 2nd act of the same name. Mr. Glass agreed to
attach Mr. Steagall’s pet amendment, which authorized bank deposit
insurance for the first time. [see 1932]
(WSJ, 8/8/97, p.A11)(WSJ, 4/10/98,
p.A1,6)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass-Steagall_Act)
1933 Jun 16, The US Congress
passed the National Industrial Recovery Act, which established the
Public Works Administration (PWA) and the National Recovery
Administration. A $.25-per-hour standard wage was set as part of the
Act. However, in 1935 the US Supreme Court declared the National
Recovery Act unconstitutional, and the minimum wage was abolished.
In July a code of the NRA instituted a 35 hour week for blue-collar
workers and a 40-hour week for office employees. Minimum wages were
also instituted, ranging from 12 ½ cents an hour for needlework
employees in Puerto Rico to 70 cents an hour for wrecking and
salvage workers in NYC. Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt had employers
sign a “President’s Reemployment Agreement" covering 16.3 million
employees. The employers who signed on agreed to limit work weeks to
40 hours, to pay a minimum wage of $12-$15 per week (at least 30
cents/hour) and to not hire children under 16.
(www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1663.html)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_wage)
(http://tinyurl.com/8mxty)(http://tinyurl.com/9t4rn)
1933 Jun 16, US Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation (FDIC) became effective. The initial deposit
insurance level was set at $2,500.
(www.fdic.gov/regulations/laws/rules/1000-200.html)(WSJ, 7/21/08,
p.A10)

1933 Jun 17, In the Kansas City
Massacre 1 FBI agent, 4 cops and 1 gangster were killed by the mob.
(MC, 6/17/02)

1933 Jun 22, Dianne Feinstein,
1st female mayor of SF, (Sen-D-Ca), was born.
(MC, 6/22/02)
1933 Jun 22, Germany became a
one political party country as Hitler banned parties other than the
Nazis.
(HN, 6/22/98)

1933 Jul 1,
Strauss-Hofmannsthal opera "Arabella," premiered in Dresden.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1933 Jul 1, German Nazi regime
decreed married women should not work.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1933 Jul 1, Italian Air Force
Gen. Italo Balbo led a flight of twenty-four flying boats on a
round-trip flight from Rome to the Century of Progress in Chicago,
Illinois. The flight had seven legs and ended on Lake Michigan near
Burnham Park on Aug 12. In honor of this feat, Mussolini donated a
column from Ostia to the city of Chicago; it can still be seen along
the Lakefront Trail, a little south of Soldier Field.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo_Balbo)

1933 Jul 4, Work began on
Oakland Bay Bridge.
(Maggio, 98)

1933 Jul 6, The first All-Star
baseball game was played, at Chicago's Comiskey Park; the American
League defeated the National League, 4-2.
(AP, 7/6/08)
1933 Jul 6-11933 Jul 7,
Steponas Darius and Stasy Girenas, Lithuanian pilots, flew across
the Atlantic and died when their plane crashed near Soldin, Germany
(later Poland). Their portrait is on the 10-litas note.
(LC, 1998, p.4,20)(LHC, 1/8/03)

1933 Jul 9, Oliver Sachs,
neurologist, was born. In 2001 he authored "Uncle Tungsten: Memories
of a Chemical Boyhood," a memoir of his years from 1943-1947.
(SFC, 7/14/96, Z1 p.3)(WSJ, 10/12/01, p.W13)

1933 Jul 14, All German
political parties except the Nazi Party were outlawed.
(AP, 7/14/97)
1933 Jul 14, Nazi Germany
promulgated the Law for the Protection of Hereditary Health. It was
the beginning of their Euthanasia program.
(HN, 7/14/00)

1933 Jul 22, American aviator
Wiley Post completed the first solo flight around the world as he
returned to New York's Floyd Bennett Field after traveling for 7
days, 18 and 3/4 hours.
(AP, 7/22/08)

1933 Jul 28, The NFL divided
into two, 5 team divisions.
(SC, 7/28/02)
1933 Jul 28, The first singing
telegram was delivered to vocalist Rudy Vallee for his birthday. It
was the idea of George P. Oslin (1899-1996), a Western Union
executive. He wrote "The Story of Telecommunications" in 1992.
(HFA, ‘96, p.34)

1933 Jul, Rodolphe Agassiz,
recently acquitted of insider trading by the Mass. state supreme
court, died. The court ruled that his 1926 purchase of Cliff Mining
stock, based on a geologist’s estimates, was a perk.
(WSJ, 7/3/02, p.B1)

1933 Aug 1, The National
Recovery Administration's "Blue Eagle" symbol began to appear in
store windows and on packages to show support for the National
Industrial Recovery Act.
(AP, 8/1/08)
1933 Aug 1, The death penalty
was declared for anti fascists in Germany.
(MC, 8/1/02)

1933 Aug 5, President Franklin
D. Roosevelt established the National Labor Board to enforce the
right of collective bargaining. It was later replaced with the
National Labor Relations Board.
(AP, 8/5/08)(SSFC, 1/18/09, p.D6)
1933 Aug 5, Harry V. Hill (50)
drowned off Yerba Buena Island becoming the 1st fatality in the
construction of the SF-Oakland Bay Bridge.
(SSFC, 8/4/08, DB p.54)

1933 Aug 8, The Colleges of the
City of Detroit reorganized as a University.
(WSUAN, Winter 1997, p.8)

1933 Aug 11, Jerry Falwell
(d.2007), founder of the conservative political lobbying
organization, the Moral Majority, was born in Virginia.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Falwell)

1933 Aug 14, A wildfire began
in Tillamook, Oregon. It was extinguished on Sep 5 by rain. Some
311,000 acres burned in the wildfire.
(http://www.fact-index.com/t/ti/tillamook_burn.html)(SFC, 8/10/02,
p.A5)

1933 Aug, The Puerto Rico
legislature forced the governor to reinstate cockfighting, which had
been banned, by threatening to block the budget. It won official
status and became known as the "gentleman's sport" because of its
honor-based betting system in which men yell bets at each other and
later pay them.
(SFEC, 4/26/98, p.A3)(AP, 7/23/12)

1933 Sep 5, In an uprising
known as the "Revolt of the Sergeants," Fulgencio Batista took over
control of Cuba. Pres. Cespedes and his cabinet abandoned the
Presidential palace the next day.
(www.historyofcuba.com/history/time/timetbl3.htm)

1933 Sep 8, Michael Frayn,
playwright, was born. His work included "A Very Private Life" and
"Noises Off."
(HN, 9/8/00)
1933 Sep 8, Iraq's King Faisal
I (b.1885) died one year after independence and his son, Ghazi I,
succeeded him. In 2014 Ali A. Allawi authored “Faisal I of Iraq."
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq)(Econ, 2/8/14, p.79)

1933 Oct 10, At Rio de Janeiro,
nations of the Western Hemisphere signed a non-aggression and
conciliation treaty.
(HN, 10/10/98)
1933 Oct 10, The 1st synthetic
detergent, "Dreft" by Procter & Gamble, went on sale.
(MC, 10/10/01)

1933 Oct 12, The US Army left
Alcatraz Island. In 1934 it reopened as a federal penitentiary.
(OAH, 2/05,
p.A6)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcatraz_Island)
1933 Oct 12, Bank robber John
Dillinger escaped from a jail in Allen County, Ohio, with the help
of his gang, who killed the sheriff, Jess Sarber.
(AP, 10/12/07)

1933 Oct 14, The Geneva
disarmament conference broke up as Germany proclaimed withdrawal
from the disarmament initiative, as well as from the League of
Nations, effective October 23.
(AP, 10/14/97)(HN, 10/14/98)

1933 Oct 17, Hugh Bancroft,
president of Dow Jones & Co., died.
(www.nndb.com/people/348/000159868/)
1933 Oct 17, Due to rising
anti-Semitism and anti-intellectualism in Hitler’s Germany, Albert
Einstein immigrated to the United States. He made his new home in
Princeton, N.J.
(AP, 10/17/97)(HN, 10/17/98)

1933 Oct, San Francisco’s Coit
Tower was dedicated. It was built with $100,000 in funds bequeathed
by Lillie Hitchcock Coit. It was designed by Arthur Brown Jr. and
contains frescoes by Mexican artist Diego Rivera. Eliza Wychie
Hitchcock Coit died at age 88 and rests in Cypress Lawn, Colma.
(SFEC, 11/3/96, DB p.33)(HT, 5/97, p.14)(CHA,
1/2001)
1933 Oct, In Germany police
records later revealed that 26,000 communists, Social Democrats, and
other Reich skeptics had been arrested since Hitler took power.
(WSJ, 11/26/96, p.A16)

1933 Nov 4, Hermann
Goring, Hitler's chief minister (1893-1946), and Georgi Dimitrov,
Bulgarian Communist, had a duel of wits over whether Dimitrov was
guilty of the burning of the Reichstag on February 27, 1933.
Dimitrov conducted his own defense winning recognition and acclaim
worldwide. He was acquitted and went to Russia where he became a
Soviet citizen.
(www.encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Georgi%20Dimitrov)

1933 Nov 5, Spanish Basques
voted for autonomy.
(MC, 11/5/01)

1933 Nov 6, Polly Bemis
(b.1853), Chinese American pioneer woman born as Lalu Nathoy, died
in Grangeville, Idaho. As a child a group of bandits raided her
village and she was forcefully sold by her father for two much
needed bags of seed. Lalu was later smuggled into the US and sold as
a slave in San Francisco for $2,500 in 1872. Her buyer, Hong King,
ran a saloon in a mining camp in Warrens (now Warren, Idaho), Idaho.
In 1894 she married Charlie Bemis, whom she had befriended when she
first arrived in Warrens. Together, they were among the first
pioneers to help settle the Idaho Territory, especially along the
Salmon River. Her life was fictionalized in the 1991 film “A
Thousand Pieces of Gold," starring Rosalind Chao (as Polly) and
Chris Cooper (as Charlie).
(www.answers.com/topic/polly-bemis)

1933 Nov 8, President Roosevelt
unveiled the Civil Works Administration, designed to create jobs for
more than 4 million unemployed.
(AP,
11/8/97)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Works_Administration)

1933 Nov 9, The Civil Works
Administration was created as a short term program designed to carry
the nation over a critical winter while other programs such as the
Federal Emergency Relief Administration were being planned and
developed.
(http://content.lib.washington.edu/civilworksweb/essay.html)
1933 Nov 9, Brooke Hart (22)
was abducted from the parking lot of the family-owned department
store in San Jose, Ca. The 1943 novel “Against a Darkening Sky" by
Janet Lewis was based on the lynching of his accused abductors. The
abductors, who killed Hart, were later captured after police traced
their calls arranging a $40,000 ransom. [see Nov 26]
(SFC, 12/5/98, p.C2)(Ind, 4/28/01, 5A)(SFC,
9/13/05, p.B3)

1933 Nov 11, The first of the
great dust storms of the 1930s hit North Dakota.
(HN, 11/11/00)

1933 Nov 12, In Germany 92% of
votes went to National Socialists in the First Reichstag elections
in the one-party state.
(www.ghwk.de/engl/enchron.htm)
1933 Nov 12, In the Kashgar
region Uyghur separatists declared the short-lived and
self-proclaimed East Turkestan Republic (ETR), using the term "East
Turkestan" to emphasize the state's break from China and new
anti-China orientation. East Turkestan referred to the Tarim Basin
in the southwestern part of Xinjiang province of the Qing Dynasty.
(Econ, 12/3/05, p.39)(Econ, 8/18/12, p.39)(
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Turkestan)

1933 Nov 16, The United States
and the Soviet Union established diplomatic relations. President
Roosevelt sent a telegram to Soviet leader Maxim Litvinov,
expressing hope that U.S.-Soviet relations would "forever remain
normal and friendly."
(AP, 11/1697)
1933 Nov 16, American pilot and
adventurer Jimmie Angel (1899-1956) flew over the world's tallest
waterfall in Venezuela, while searching for a cloud-shrouded,
flat-topped mountain where he had previously discovered gold. The
falls became known as Angel Falls. In 2009 Pres. Hugo Chavez said
that the waterfall should revert to its original indigenous name,
Kerepakupai-Meru.
(AP,
12/21/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmie_Angel)

1933 Nov 26, In California a
mob attacked the Santa Clara County Jail and dragged out John M.
Holmes and Thomas H. Thurmond for the kidnapping and murder of
Brooke Hart (22), heir to a San Jose department store fortune. The 2
men were hung and stripped from 2 sycamores at St. James Park, one
of which Pres. McKinley had stood under in 1901 to deliver a speech
on American liberties and the US Constitution. Gov. Rolph said that
if anyone was arrested for the lynching, he would pardon them. [see
Nov 9]
(Ind, 4/28/01, 5A)(SFEC, 5/2/99, Z1 p.4)(SFC,
9/13/05, p.B3)
1933 Nov 26, A judge in New
York ruled the James Joyce book "Ulysses" was not obscene and could
therefore be published in the United States.
(AP, 11/26/07)

1933 Dec 5, Prohibition was
repealed--much to the delight of thirsty revelers--when Utah became
the 36th state to ratify the 21st Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution. The nationwide prohibition of the manufacture, sale or
transportation of alcoholic beverages was established in January
1919 with passage of the 18th Amendment. Prohibition's supporters
gradually became disenchanted with it as the illegal manufacture and
sale of liquor fostered a wave of criminal activity. By 1932, the
Democratic Party's platform called for the repeal of Prohibition. In
February 1933, Congress adopted a resolution proposing the 21st
Amendment to repeal the 18th and with Utah's vote in December,
Prohibition ended. Three-quarters of the states approved the repeal
of the 18th amendment and FDR proclaimed the end of Prohibition.
(SFC, 4/7/96, p.B-11)(AP, 12/5/97)(HNPD, 12/5/98)

1933 Dec 7, President Roosevelt
adopted a "good neighbor" policy toward Latin America and announced
a policy of nonintervention in Latin American affairs at the
December 7th International American Conference at Montevideo,
Uruguay.
(HN, 10/10/98)

1933 Dec 8, Flip Wilson
(d.1998), the fist successful black host of a TV variety show, was
born in Jersey City. He hosted the Flip Wilson Show from 1970-1974.
(SFC, 11/26/98, p.B9)
1933 Dec 8, Patrick Leigh
Fermor (b.1915), London-born student, set off to walk the length of
Europe, from the Hook of Holland to Constantinople. He later
recounted his adventures in “A Time of Gifts" (1977) and “Between
the Woods and the Water" (1986). He was later widely regarded as
Britain’s greatest travel writer.
(WSJ, 11/24/07,
p.W8)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Leigh_Fermor)

1933 Dec 11, Reports said
Paraguay had captured 11,000 Bolivians in the war over Chaco.
(HN, 12/11/98)

1933 Dec 15, In San Francisco
Lloyd J. Evans became the first worker on the Bay Bridge to die. He
had been working 112 feet down on the bay bottom and experienced
decompression sickness. An 11-hour effort to revive him in a
recompression chamber failed.
(SSFC, 12/14/08, p.54)

1933 Dec 28, President Franklin
D. Roosevelt stated, "The definite policy of the U.S. from now on is
one opposed to armed intervention."
(HN, 12/28/98)

1933 Dec, Excavation began for
the Grand Coulee Dam in Central Washington. The Columbia River dam
was completed in 1941. In 1954 Murray Morgan (1916-2000) authored
“The Dam," a historical overview of the dam.
(www.users.owt.com/chubbard/gcdam/)
1933 Dec, The US National Park
Service began the Historic American Building Survey (HABS) after
Charles E. Peterson of the National Park Service submitted a
proposal for one thousand out-of-work architects to spend ten weeks
documenting "America's antique buildings."
(http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/habs_haer/hhintro.html)

1933 Dec, In France the
financial scandal known as the Stavisky Affair triggered right-wing
agitation that caused a major crisis for the government. In December
1933 the bonds issued by the credit organization of financier
Alexandre Stavisky were found to be worthless and in January 1934
Stavisky was found dead. Although ruled a suicide, the French right
wing claimed Stavisky had been killed to cover up the involvement of
government officials in the scandal. [see Feb 6, 1934]
(HNQ, 4/20/99)

1933 Hope Lange (d.2003), film
actress, was born in Connecticut.
(SFC, 12/22/03, p.A20)

1933 Balthus painted "The
Street."
(SFEC, 2/6/00, BR p.12)

1936 Salvadore Dali painted
"Myself at the Age of 10 When I was a Grasshopper Child."
(WSJ, 1/26/00, p.A20)

1933 Edgar Leeteg sold his
first painting for $4 and a sandwich. The American expatriate Edgar
"Leeteg coined everything we think of today as velvet." In 1998 the
Seattle Museum of Black Velvet Painting was co-founded by David
price with a mobile collection partly devoted to Leeteg's work.
(WSJ, 2/24/99, p.B1)

1933 Vera Brittain wrote
"Testament of Youth." It was one of those books that helped define a
generation. Her biography was written in 1996 by Paul Berry and Mark
Bostridge and titled: "Vera Brittain: A Life." In 1979 the book was
made into a powerful BBC drama.
(WSJ, 5/14/96, p.A-20)

1933 "The Story of Babar" by
Jean de Brunhoff was published.
(SFEC, 2/27/00, BR p.12)

1933 Charles Galton Darwin, a
grandnephew of Francis Gallton, published "The Next Million Years."
He showed that any program of eugenics based on control of human
interbreeding cannot succeed in the long run.
(V.D.-H.K.p.400)

1933 Charles Henri Ford (d.2002
at 94) authored "The Young and Evil," considered by some to be the
1st gay novel. It was based on Ford’s adventures in Greenwich
Village and was banned in the US until the 1960s.
(SFC, 10/1/02, p.A18)

1933 Vincent T. Hamlin began
his "Alley Oop" comic strip. It was named after words used by French
gymnast and trapeze artists: allez oup.
(SFC, 12/15/01, p.A25)

1933 Bob Marshall, founder of
the Wilderness Society, published "The Arctic Village," a collection
of observations on life in Alaska. The book was a best seller. He
divided his royalties with the citizens of Wiseman, Alaska, amongst
whom he lived from 1929-1930. A second book came out the same year:
"The People’s Forests," was an indictment of the timber companies
for mismanaging their lands. Bob argued that the government should
take over most of those lands
(NG, May 1985, M. Edwards, p.679,682)

1933 Arthur Raper (1899-1979),
sociologist, authored “The Tragedy of Lynching." He was at this time
working for the US federal agency: Commission on Interracial
Cooperation, which had been created after WW I to help black
veterans in the segregated South.
(WSJ, 2/17/07, p.P13)

1933 Franz Werfel wrote
his novel "The Forty Days of Musa Dagh," an account of the 1915
massacre of Armenians by Turkey. The author's friend, Rabbi Albert
Amateau, testified in 1989 that Werfel was ashamed for having
written the book, learning that he had extensively relied on the
forgeries of Aram Andonian, which provides the only "evidence" of
extermination orders.
(http://www.tallarmeniantale.com/musa-dagh.htm)

1933 Stephane Grappelli, jazz
violinist, and Django Reinhardt, Gypsy guitarist, began playing with
bassist Louis Vola at the Hotel Claridges in Paris and went on to
form formed the Hot Club Quintet.
(SFC, 12/2/97, p.A22)

1933 Art Tatum made his first
piano recordings.
(SFC, 12/28/99, p.C5)

1933 Engineer Russell Cone was
hired to oversee the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge. He had
already worked on the Philadelphia-Camden (Ben Franklin) Bridge, the
Detroit-Windsor Ambassador Bridge and the Tacony-Palmyra Bridge.
(SFC,12/20/97, p.A21)

1933 Dorothy Day issued the
first edition of the Catholic Worker newspaper.
(SFC, 3/30/97, Z1. p.7)

1933 Joseph Mitchell, New York
newspaperman, covered the story of the Hollinans, an "irascible and
hard-drinking" couple that lived in a Central Park cave.
(WSJ, 12/31/96, p.5)

1933 Lillian Schuman
(1906-1996) and her husband Adolph founded the San Francisco
clothing company Lilli Ann Corp.
(SFC, 6/18/96, p.A17)

1933 The first drive-in theater
opened in Camden New Jersey.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)

1933 The Int’l. Rescue
Committee was founded at the suggestion of Albert Einstein to help
Jews escape from Nazi, Germany. It later broadened its mandate to
cover all refugees and displaced people.
(SFC, 10/5/02, p.A19)

1933 US News & World Report
was founded by David Lawrence, a conservative publisher.
(WSJ, 9/9/96, p.A1)

1933 Myron Scott, photographer,
organized a group of boys racing wheeled crates in Dayton, Ohio into
what became the Soap Box Derby. The official derby began a year
later with 34 winners from all over the Midwest pitted against each
other.
(Smith., 5/95, p.26)

1933 Morgan (d.1993) and Marvin
Smith, photographers, arrived in Harlem from rural Kentucky. Their
work was collected in the 1998 book "Harlem: The Vision of Morgan
and Marvin Smith."
(SFEC, 3/8/98, BR p.7)

1933 Photographer Horace
Bristol moved to SF from Ventura Ct. and opened a studio near Union
Square. He soon met Ansel Adams and the members of the Group f/64, a
Bay Area affiliation of photographers that included Imogen
Cunningham, Edward Weston, Dorothea Lange, Otto Hagel and Hansel
Mieth. Bristol collaborated with Steinbeck in 1938 to shoot
photographs of migrant workers in the valley and their work led to
Steinbeck’s 1939 "The Grapes Of Wrath."
(SFC, 8/7/97, p.A18)

1933 Louie Meyer won the
Indianapolis 500 and asked for a glass of buttermilk.
(SFC, 8/7/99, p.D3)

1933 Art Rooney founded the
Pittsburgh Pirates football team for $2,500.
(WSJ, 7/8/08, p.A17)

1933 Sir Norman Angell
(1872-1967), English journalist, won the Nobel Peace Prize. He
was knighted in 1931. From 1928-1931 he had served on the Council of
the Royal Institute of International Affairs, was an executive for
the World Committee against War and Fascism, a member of the
executive committee of the League of Nations Union, and the
president of the Abyssinia Association.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell)

1933 Pres. Roosevelt devalued
the dollar and the economy bounced back temporarily from the
Depression.
(WSJ, 10/16/98, p.A1)
1933 Roosevelt in his first 100
days recreated the economy with such programs as the: NRA, CCC, TVA
and AAA.
(TMC, 1994, p.1933)
1933 Pres. Roosevelt signed a
law that granted workers the right to choose which labor union they
wanted to join.
(SFC, 9/27/02, p.D11)
1933 Irving Fisher, American
economist, first described how falling prices and high leverage
could foment “debt-deflation."
(Econ, 11/15/08, p.88)

1933 The state of Arkansas
defaulted on its debt.
(Econ, 6/19/10, p.31)

1933 In San Francisco Pasquale
Gagno constructed a 4-storey stack of one-room flats topped with a
blue dome on Dunne’s Alley, Telegraph Hill.
(SSFC, 1/22/15, p.C2)
1933 The California state
legislature approved the Central Valley Project which included the
Shasta and Friant Dams. It became a federally built water system to
sustain California agriculture. The Friant dam was completed in
1944.
(SFC, 12/29/99, Z1 p.1)
1933 The Black Cat Café, a San
Francisco Tenderloin bar driven out of business in 1921, reopened at
710 Montgomery under Charles Ridley, the same manager who had run
the original. In 1945 it was sold to Sol Stouman and began to
attract a clientele of homosexuals. In 1947 Jose Sarria (1922-2013)
began hanging out there and gained a reputation for performing
female impersonations. In 1998 Michael R. Gorman authored “The
Empress Is a Man: Stories from the Life of Jose Sarria."
(SFC, 11/8/14, p.C1)

1933 In Pennsylvania the
Pymatuning Dam impounded the Pymatuning Reservoir. It was
constructed to regulate the flow of the Shenango and Beaver rivers.
The reservoir later became a major attraction for tourists, who came
to feed the local carp.
(www.dnr.state.oh.us/parks/parks/pymatuning.htm)(WSJ, 6/16/07, p.A1)
1933 Texas Canyons State Park
on the "Big Bend" of the Rio Grande was established. R.E. Thomason,
a Texas Congressman, introduced legislation for a national park on
the "Big Bend" of the Rio Grande.
(NG, Jan, 1968, p. 107)

1933 Strom Thurmond, South
Carolina politician, first held public office.
(SFEC, 10/27/96, p.A8)

1933 In the US the whole
banking system collapsed on Hoover’s last day in office. The federal
government defaulted when it failed to honor its obligation to
bondholders in gold.
(TMC, 1994, p.1933)(WSJ, 12/12/95, p.A-19)
1933 Economists from the Univ.
of Chicago sent Pres. Roosevelt a memo outlining a plan to split the
two main functions of banks: taking deposits and making loans. This
came to be known as the Chicago Plan. Roosevelt opted instead for
deposit insurance.
(Econ, 6/7/14, p.82)

1933 The National Park Service
of the US took charge of 146 acres of Point Loma, San Diego, home of
the Cabrillo National Monument.
(AAM, 3/96, p.52)

1933 John Dillinger was
paroled. He robbed several banks to provide money for his friends’
escape. He was caught in Ohio, but by then his friends had escaped
and they helped him break out.
(HN, 7/22/99)

1933 In San Francisco the
Municipal Pier at Aquatic Park, begun in 1931, reached its full
length of 1,850 feet.
(SFC, 11/14/15, p.C2)
1933 The California state
legislature approved the Central Valley Project. It became a
federally built water system to sustain California agriculture.
(SFC, 12/29/99, Z1 p.1)
1933 California voters approved
a constitutional amendment requiring a two-thirds vote by
legislators for budgets. The requirement was extended to tax
increases as part of Proposition 13 in 1978.
(SFC, 2/25/09, p.A1)
1933 California created a sales
tax following the plummet of property taxes during the Great
Depression.
(SFC, 6/21/11, p.D5)
1933 Northern California’s
4,350-acre Castle Crags state park was created thanks to land
purchases by private citizens. The adjacent federal wilderness area,
covering another 10,500 acres, was established in 1984.
(SSFC, 5/14/06, p.G8)

1933 Chicago hosted the
"Century of Progress Exhibition." The Sally Rand Fan Dancer clock
made by Lux was sold at the Chicago World’s Fair. Sally Rand
performed her titillating fan dance 16 times a day at the fair and
was one of the most publicized attractions.
(HT, 3/97, p.14)(SFC, 4/15/98, Z1 p.6)

1933 The state of Maine named
the area around Mt. Katahdin Baxter State Park, after former Gov.
Percival Baxter (1921-1924) who personally donated the land for
permanent preservation. Over 32 years Baxter donated 201,018 acres
to the state.
(www.mpbc.org/homestom/timelines/bios/baxter.html)

1933 The Minnesota Mortgage
Moratorium Law of 1933 was enacted to help farmers hold on to their
property during the Depression.
(WSJ, 5/1/08, p.A15)

1933 A Wisconsin milk strike
began as a series of strikes conducted by a cooperative group of
dairy farmers in an attempt to raise the price of milk paid to
producers during the Great Depression. Three main strike periods
occurred in 100933, with length of time and level of violence
increased during each one.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933_Wisconsin_milk_strike)

1933 Elrey B. "Jepp" Jeppesen
(1907-1996) began to make and publish navigation charts for aviators
and formed the Jeppesen Sanderson Company to promote the Jeppeson
Airway Manual.
(SFC, 11/30/96, p.A23)

1933 Sam Zemurray, a
Russia-born immigrant and shareholder in United Fruit, appeared at a
board meeting of United Fruit and with a bag of proxies declared
himself overseer of the company. He proceeded to rule UF for the
next 25 years. In 2012 Rich Cohen authored “The Fish That Ate the
Whale: The Life and Times of America’s Banana King."
(SSFC, 7/8/12, p.F5)

1933 Malcolm Muggeridge
(1903-1990), English writer and reporter, broke the story on the
famine in the Ukraine.
(WSJ, 4/17/96, p.A-18)

1933 Fred Holland Day,
photographer, died. His career is covered in the Winter 1994 issue
of The British journal History of Photography. [see 1864-1933, Day]
(Civilization, July-Aug. 1995, p.40-47)
1933 Reuben Haley (b.1872),
American glass designer, died.
(SFC, 7/19/06, p.G3)
1933 Horace Liveright,
American-Jewish publisher, died. His life is documented in a book by
Tom Dardis titled: "Firebrand: The Life of Horace Liveright."
(WSJ, 8/8/95, p. A-12)
1932 Barzilla L. Marble
(b.1851), Ohio chair maker, died. His B.L. Marble Chair Co. made
chairs for homes from 1894 to 1910, when the company switched to
making office furniture. In 1965 Marble Chair merged with the
Dictaphone Corp.
(www.bedfordohiohistory.org/build/marble.php)
1933 Jimmy Rogers, country
singer, died at 35 of tuberculosis. In 1997 Bob Dylan produced the
album "The Songs of Jimmy Rogers: A Tribute" by a variety of
artists. He was born in Meridian, Miss. His biography was written by
Nolan Porterfield: "Jimmy Rogers: The Life and Times of America’s
Blue Yodeler."
(SFEC, 8/17/97, DB p.56)(WSJ, 9/26/97, p.A20)
1933 Charles Thompson, head of
Thompson Products, Inc., died. Leadership in the company was passed
to Frederick C. Crawford.
(F, 10/7/96, p.68)
1933 Richard Throssel (b.1882),
photographer and Montana legislator, died. He was a Cree Indian who
was adopted by the Crow tribe and lived on the Montana Crow
Reservation from 1902-1911. A Book of his work by Peggy Albright was
published in 1997: "Crow Indian Photographer: The work of Richard
Throssel."
(SFEC, 7/27/97, BR p.6)
1933 Louis Comfort Tiffany
(b.1848), American painter, stained-glass artist, and glass
manufacturer, died. He was the son of Charles Lewis Tiffany
(1812-1902), the founder of the Tiffany & Co. jewelry business.
(HFA, ‘96, p.22)(AHD, p.1344)(HN, 2/18/98)(WSJ,
8/4/98, p.A13)

1933 In Afghanistan Nadir Khan
was assassinated by a college student, and his son, Zahir,
inherited the throne.
(www.afghan, 5/25/98)
1933 King Zahir Shah
(1914-2007) began his rule as king of Afghanistan. He kept the
country in feudal backwardness until he was overthrown in 1973. His
uncles served as prime ministers and advisors until 1953.
(SFC, 9/23/96, A9)(www.afghan-web.com/history/)
1933 Mahmud Tarzi, Afghan
intellectual, died in Turkey at the age of 68. He is known as the
father of Afghan journalism.
(www.afghan-web.com/bios/yest/tarzi.html)

1933 Britain was still
operating under the Ten Year Rule which imposed the assumption that
the country would not be engaged in any great war for the next ten
years and that no Expeditionary Force was required.
(WSJ, 10/28/97, p.A22)
1933 British intelligence
agents discovered that the Nazis were defying a ban on weapons
imposed at Versailles.
(ON, 11/05, p.1)
1933 The first unmanned aerial
vehicle (UAV) was the radio-controlled “Fairey Queen" biplane. It
was catapulted into the air and survived 2 hours of live fire from a
British warship. In 1934 Britain’s Air Ministry ordered 420 such
aircraft, known as the Queen Bee, which gave rise to the word drone
to describe such aircraft.
(Econ, 12/8/07, TQ p.23)
1933 Harold Peto (b.1854),
English architect and gardener, died. In 2007 Robin Halley authored
“The Great Edwardian Gardens of Harold Peto."
(WSJ, 3/1/08, p.W16)

1933 Under threat of impending
war, custodians of the art of the Forbidden City of China packed the
valuable treasures into some 20,000 boxes and shipped the works to
Taipei, Taiwan. Tsang Fu-Ting led a Chinese Communist most-wanted
list for his role in arranging the transport .
(WSJ, 12/29/95, p.A-11)

1933 In Colombia the Palacio de
San Francisco, begun in 1918, was completed in La Candelaria, the
historic section of Bogota.
(SSFC, 3/4/07, p.G4)

1933 Count Byron De Prorok
undertook an archeological expedition from Egypt into Ethiopia. His
book "Dead Men Do Tell Tales" described the venture. He pioneered
the use of motion pictures from 1920. His other books included
"Digging for Lost African Gods" (1926), "Mysterious Sahara" (1929)
and "In Quest of Lost Worlds" (1935).
(AM, 9/01, p.64)

1933 Rene Lacoste (b.1905),
French tennis player, founded the Lacoste apparel company. He
applied a crocodile insignia to polo shirts after his nickname, “Le
Crocodile." His son Bernard Lacoste (1931-2006) succeeded as
president in 1963.
(SFC, 3/23/06, p.B7)
1933 Eugene Marioton
(b.1854/57), French sculptor, died. Some sources date his death to
1925. Some 400 bronzes are attributed to him, including one titled
“Diogenes" (c.1885).
(SFC, 10/29/08,
p.G2)(http://bullrichgaonawernicke.com/R64/pag64-escultura.htm)

1933 Einstein renounced his
German citizenship and fled to the US.
(V.D.-H.K.p.326)(TMC, 1994, p.1933)
1933 Fritz Hirschberger
(1912-2004), later Holocaust artist, founded the Dresden chapter of
the Zionist underground organization "Betar."
(SFC, 2/6/04, p.A25)
1933 The Bauhaus was forced to
close by the Nazis.
(V.D.-H.K.p.363)
1933 The Nazis closed the
Institute of Sexual Science in Berlin run by Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld.
(SFEC, 6/15/97, DB p.47)(SFC, 8/2/97, p.E4)

1933 In Greenland Martin
Lindsay and team with Andrew Croft (d.1998 at 91) made the world’s
longest self-supporting dogsled expedition.
(SFC, 7/4/98, p.C2)

1933 Wing Lung Bank was founded
in Hong Kong. It survived a forced relocation to Macau during the
Japanese occupation. In 2008 China Merchants Bank launched a
takeover of Wing Lung for $4.7 billion.
(Econ, 6/7/08, p.86)

1933 Francesco Illy founded
Illycafe in Trieste, Italy. He invented the compressed air coffee
machine (patented in 1934), the predecessor of the espresso machine
as we now know it.
(http://indiacoffee.org/newsletter/2005/august/in_the_news1.html)

1933 Nicholas Shoumatoff
captured a couple of small butterflies in Jamaica that were later
used to describe a new subspecies: Thecla celida shoumatoffi, or
Shoumatoff’s hairstreak.
(Nat. Hist. 3/96, p.11)

1933 Japan left the League of
Nations.
(Jap. Enc., BLDM, p. 216)
1933 In Japan Kazuma Tateisi
founded the OMRON Corporation. By 2006 its automated control
technologies approached the level of human knowledge and judgement.
(Econ, 10/8/05, Survey p.2)(Econ, 12/24/05, p.54)
1933 Japan’s Sanwa Bank was
founded. In 2001 it joined with Tokai Bank Tokyo Trust Bank to form
UFJ Holdings. In 2005 it became part of the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial
Group.
(WSJ, 9/23/08, p.C1)

1933 Choudhary Rahmat Ali, a
student at Cambridge, coined the name Pakistan 14 years before the
country came into existence. It was an acronym derived from the
regions Punjab, Afghania and Kashmir and Sind.
(SSFC, 12/17/06, p.G5)

1933 Yakov Chernikhov (d.1951)
Russian architect, authored "101 Architectural Fantasies." His
adventurous designs were poorly regarded by Soviet authorities and
few of his buildings were constructed.
(AP, 8/8/06)
1933 Alexander Rodchenko,
artist and photographer, was dispatched to document the White
Sea-Baltic Canal project in which some 200,000 political prisoners
were killed.
(WSJ, 7/8/98, p.A13)(Econ, 2/9/08, p.91)
1933 In Russia Stalin launched
the Moscow Metro. It took 75,000 workers 3 years to complete the
first 7-mile line.
(WSJ, 11/4/98, p.A1)
1933 Provideniya, USSR, was
founded across from Alaska by the Soviets as a supply port for
Arctic settlements.
(NG, Oct. 1988, p. 507)
1933 George F. Kennan
(1904-2005) established America’s first embassy in the Soviet Union.
(Econ, 11/12/11, p.97)

1933 In Spain a revolutionary
uprising was staged by anarchists at Casas Viejas and was drowned in
blood by Spanish authorities. In 1968 Jerome Mintz (d.1997 at 67),
US anthropologist, published "The Anarchists of Casa Viejas," an
account and oral history of the uprising.
(SFC,12/20/97, p.A21)

1933-1934 Martin Heidegger (b.1889) served as the
Nazi rector of the Univ. of Freiburg.
(WSJ, 10/11/01, p.A20)

1933-1935 The US Justice Department’s War on Crime
took place. In 2004 Bryan Burrough authored “Public Enemies:
America’s Greatest Crime Wave and the Birth of the FBI, 1933-1934" a
reconstruction of this period based on FBI files.
(WSJ, 7/15/04, p.D8)(SSFC, 7/25/04, p.M3)

1933-1936 A destructive combination of dry farming
techniques, drought and wind erosion obliterated farms and fields in
the central Plains states, driving thousands of desperate refugees
off the land. The dust storms were so fierce that skies as far away
as Albany, N.Y., darkened with the topsoil of the Plains.
(HNPD, 5/3/99)

1933-1937 In London, England, the huge Battersea
Power Station was built on the Thames. Sir Giles Gilbert Scott
designed the Battersea power station. [He also designed traditional
red telephone boxes of London.] The station was decommissioned in
1982. In 1997 it was scheduled for a $2.2 billion redevelopment by
Parkview Int’l.
(WSJ, 6/25/97, p.B12)(WSJ, 5/11/00, p.A24)(SSFC,
6/19/05, p.E5)

1933-1941 Henry A. Wallace, the son of Henry C.
Wallace, served as Secretary of Agriculture under Franklin Roosevelt
from 1933 to 1941. He went on to become vice president in
Roosevelt’s third term. Because of his ultraliberal views, Wallace
was passed over for the vice-presidential nomination in 1944, but
served as Secretary of Commerce until forced to resign after
Roosevelt’s death because of differences with President Truman.
(HNQ, 8/28/99)

1933-1944 Cordell Hull served as secretary of
state in the Franklin Roosevelt Administration longer than any other
individual. Hull, born in Tennessee in 1871, had been a U.S. senator
prior to his appointment by Roosevelt. Hull was awarded the Nobel
Peace Prize in 1945 for his role in founding the United Nations. He
died in 1955.
(HNQ, 7/6/98)

1933-1945 Franklin D. Roosevelt was the 32nd
President of the US.
(A&IP, ESM, p.96b, photo)
1933-1945 A study of classical music during the
German Third Reich was published in 1997 by Michael H. Kater: "The
Twisted Muse: Musicians and Their Music in the Third Reich."
(WSJ, 10/27/97, p.A20)
1933-1945 In 1998 the "Penguin Dictionary of the
Third Reich" was published.
(SFEC, 8/28/98, Par p.20)
1933-1945 In Germany the Sachsenhausen camp at
Oranienburg held some 200,000 people over this period. About half
died including an estimated 10,000 Jews and 18,000 Soviet soldiers.
(SFEC, 9/19/99, p.A21)
1933-1945 In 2008 Latvian filmmaker Edvins Snore,
directed “Soviet Story." It shows the close
connections—philosophical, political and organizational—between the
Nazi and Soviet systems beginning in 1933 thru WWII.
(www.economist.com/world/europe/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11401983)

1933-1946 Harold LeClaire Ickes, longtime American
political leader served as Secretary of the Interior under Pres.
Roosevelt. Ickes was an outspoken opponent of big business and a
strong supporter of conservation and comprehensive national
planning. Nicknamed "Honest Harold" because of his scrupulous
concern for the public interest and ferreting out of graft and
corruption, Ickes also was director of the Public Works
Administration from 1933 to 1939. Ickes-once president of the
Chicago NAACP-and Eleanor Roosevelt were the New Deal‘s staunchest
advocates of civil rights. Ickes was born in Frankstown,
Pennsylvania, March 15, 1874. He died on February 3, 1952. Ickes‘
son, Harold, served as a senior advisor in the Clinton
Administration.
(HNQ, 9/9/99)

1933-1951 Jack Armstrong, the fictional
"All-American Boy," starred in a radio adventure serial during this
period.
(SFC,11/12/97, Z1 p.7)

1933-1953 James Conant ran Harvard Univ. He took
what was a regional, parochial and snobbish institution, resistant
to Jews and women, and turned it into a national, meritocratic
university.
(Econ, 2/25/06, p.38)

1933-1954 The square-rigged Balclutha was renamed
the Pacific Queen. It was dubbed a pirate ship and towed around as a
floating carnival boat.
(SFEC,11/23/97, p.D3)

1933-1955 Nellie Tayloe Ross, former governor of
Wyoming, served as the first woman director of the U.S. Mint.
(HNQ, 4/29/02)

1933-1956 Black Mountain College in western North
Carolina. It was founded by Theodore Dreir (d.1997), an electrical
engineer, to develop the educational ideas of John Dewey with
innovation in the arts as characterized by the Bauhaus movement.
Artists who taught there included Merce Cunningham, John Cage,
Elaine and Willem de Kooning, Buckminster Fuller, and Edward Dorn.
(SFC, 5/10/97, p.A20)(SFC, 12/15/99, p.B2)

1933-1967 The Andrews Sisters (Maxene (d.1995),
LaVerne (d.1967) and Patty) sang as a close-harmony trio and sold
over 100 million records. Their hits included "Don't Sit Under the
Apple Tree," and "The Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy from Company B."
(SFEC, 5/30/99, p.C15)

1933-1997 The 1998 book "German Art from Beckmann
to Richter" was edited by Eckhart Gillen. It accompanied a large
1997 exhibition in Berlin.
(SFEC, 2/1/98, BR p.6)