Examine in detail the History of the Industrial Revolution. Discuss why Britain led the way in the Industrial Revolution and also explain in detail the effects of industrialization on society.

Had it not been for the industrial revolution, I would doubt very much that we would enjoy the technology we have in the year 2000. The reason we have this technology is that between the years 1750 and 1914 a great change in the world's history was made. People started to discover faster methods of producing goods, which increased their economy. These people were mainly British and French, but after a few years the French were distracted by their revolution, and the British continued to industrialize. However you must not think this industrialization had no effects on society because it did. So in this essay I am going to talk about the history of the industrial revolution, discuss why Britain led the way in the industrial revolution and also I am going to explain to you in detail the effects of industrialization on society.

In the midevel ages people were living in total darkness, and they did not know what was going on in the world around them. Happily the medieval ages were followed by the renaissance. Then came the year 1750, the year of the agricultural revolution in Britain which led away to a revolution in industry. Charles Townshend for example was one of the people who made the agricultural revolution possible. He suggested rotating the crops every year or two, to help the soil get enriched with vitamins and nutrition's. The America's then introduced potatoes to Great Britain. New farm machines were invented, for example Jethro Tull developed a seed drill which planted seeds in straight rows and farmers began using new iron plows in place of inofitiant wooden plows. In addition to that, the enclosure movement brought wealthy people to farm larger amounts of land, which was very good for the agricultural revolution. This revolution improved peoples diet and health leading to an increased population, which demanded healthy food, clothing and employment. Since many farmers were seeking jobs, they found it now in the textile industry, which created a new demand for laborers. You shall notice now that the mechanical inventions were so rapid and each one triggered another new one. A few examples of these inventions are the flying shuttle by John Kay, the spinning jenny by James Hargraves, the water frame by Richard Akriwght, the power loom by Edward Cartwight, Samuel Cromptons spinning mule, and Eli Whitney's cotton gin. All these inventions gave the British cotton industry a further boost. Also the new machines were expensive and had to be set up near rivers, where running water turned a water wheel to power the machines. Inventors such as Arkwright built spinning mills and for that he hired hundreds of workers all operating under the factory system. This system brought machines and workers together in one place under one roof for a number of hours each day and workers were paid daily or weekly wages.

As the industrial revolution unfolded new sources of power such as the steam engine was developed. It is true that the idea of the steam engine existed since 1698 but all along it had problems like intense pressure, or it required a lot of coal to fuel it. However in 1760 James Watt developed a perfect steam engine which revolutionized transportation. Not only so but also brought great changes in the iron and coal industries, which Henry Bessemer contributed greatly to, by developing a procedure that helped the production of steel, this stronger more workable steel triggered the growth of other industries as well.

What do these industries depend on? Yes they depend on good transportation systems to bring raw materials to factories and to distribute finished goods. Thus they started building canals between mines and factories, then a road surface, and finally the rail...

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...Chapter 22
Section 1 Origins of the Industrial movement
The Enclosure Movement
An agricultural revolution started to occur in the 1500’s
Until the 1600’s farmers used public lands to graze cattle and sheep. Then these lands started to be enclosed, or fenced off, into individual plots
This is called the Enclosure Movement.
This benefited richer landowners, who added to their lands, but the smaller landowner was forced to become tenant farmers or had to move into the cities.
A tenant farmer is one who works on another’s land and gives a percentage to the landowner. (소작농)
Jethro Tull
Jethro Tull was a landowner and he was worried about the amount of seed that was being wasted when seeds were hand-scattered. Wasted seeds didn’t grow and lost the farmer money.
Seed Drill - Tull invented a seed drill to help plant seeds in straight rows.
He also invented a horse-drawn hoe to dig up weeds between the rows and break up soil before planting.
Charles “Turnip” Townshend copied a Dutch method of crop rotation, to add nutrients to the soil. he would plant wheat one year and turnips the next. Before that people had let the land lay fallow (or unused) for a season or grow clover on it to add nutrients.
Without these nutrients the top soil will be overused and blow away. This creates desertification in areas without much rain.
The American Jethro Wood replaced the wooded plow (쟁기) with an iron one and he invented a replaceable blade....

...History Study Guide
IndustrialRevolutionIndustrialRevolution during the 19th century
• IndustrialRevolution
o Reason:
 Natural resources
• Coal
o Used to develop the steam engine.
o Needed for the constructions of machines and steam engines.
• Iron ore
o New methods of producing iron:
 1709- Abraham Darby used coal to smelt iron (separated iron from its ore)
 When he discovered coal gave off impurities that damaged the iron, he found a way to remove the impurities from coal
 Invention and improvement of the steam engine
• First invented in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen. It was powered by coal to pump water out of mines.
• 1769- James Watt improved this engine. This engine became the key power source of the industrialrevolution.
o Spread of the IndustrialRevolution:
 Britain enforced strict rules to keep the technology from spreading. (no exporting inventions)
 1807- William Cockerill opened factories in Belgium to manufacture spinning and weaving machines.  Belgium became the first European nation outside of Britain to industrialize.
 While countries such as Germany, France and the US began to develop (because of their abundant supply of coal, iron, and other resources – more than Britain), some countries developed more slowly, such as southern and eastern countries in Europe (because of lack of natural...

...The Industrialrevolution began in the early 1800s. The
industrialrevolution could not have happened if the
agricultural revolution had not preceded it.
During the Agricultural Revolution several
inventions that reduced the need for man power were
invented. Two of those inventions were the Jethro Tull
seeding drill and the cotton gin. The seeding drill planted
seeds in rows which made the crops easier to manage and
harvest. The cotton gin was invented in 1793 by Eli
Whitney, it took the seeds out of the cotton. The cotton gin
made it so that the work that previously needed to be done
by fifty men could now be done by one. An idea of the
agricultural revolution was crop rotation. Crop rotation was
switching the crops into different fields each year which
allowed farmers to produce 25 % more crops and more
food means more population up.
During the agricultural revolution population went
up and less people were needed to work on the farms.
There were a lot of people that needed jobs but there were
not a lot of jobs for people on farms so the people turned to
the cities. The time when people went into the cities looking
for jobs which caused the populations of the cities to at
least double was called urbanization. During urbanization
the city of Manchester in the United kingdom grew from
50,000 people...

...that would lead to radical changes in peoples lives, working relations and environment.
Industrialrevolution was so fundamental that it's often compared with the transition from farming to stock raising, which began several thousand years before the birth of Christ. Considering the uses of natural resources, can human history be dived up into three pieces of varying length; hundreds of thousands years before "the agricultural revolution", thousands of years between this and the Industrialrevolution and the two hundreds years after the beginning of Industrialrevolution.
Before Industrialrevolution, man did the most work in society. During 17th century people started to invent machines. Accompanied by changes in agriculture, science and the treatment of people, the Industrialrevolution shaped a new kind of life.
2.1 Limitations
I, sometimes have difficulties to draw limits. When it comes to such big and wide subject as the Industrialrevolution, it is of course very difficult to write and understand it all. It is also difficult to decide what is important enough to bring in the essay and what you should omit.
Therefor I decided to write a rather comprehensive job. I haven't focused on any particular part, but written what, when, how and why the Industrial...

...The Industrialrevolution was a time of drastic change and transformation from hand tools, and hand made items to machine manufactured and mass produced goods. This change helped life, but also hindered it as well. Pollution, such as CO2 levels in the atmosphere, rose, working conditions declined, and the number of women and children working increased. The government, the arts, literature, music and architecture and man's way of looking at life all changed during the period. Two revolutions took place, both resulting in productive but also dire consequences.
Before the first industrialrevolution, England's economy was based on its cottage industry. Workers would buy raw materials from merchants, take it back to their cottages, hence the name, and produce the goods at their home. It was usually was owned and managed by one or more people, who were generally close to the workers. There was a good worker/boss relationship, which was demolished and destroyed by capitalism. This industry was efficient but the workers productivity was low, making costs higher. The longer it took one person to manufacture a product, the higher the price. Subsequently, goods were high in price and exclusive only to the wealthy people. The year was 1733, the demand for cotton cloth was high, but production was low. This crisis had to be solved or England's economy would be hindered. The answer came from a British weaver, John...

...IndustrialRevolution in America
During the early 1800s, the IndustrialRevolution dramatically changed the American way of life.
Setting the Scene
At dawn, the factory bell woke eleven-year-old Lucy Larcom. Rising quickly, she ate her breakfast and hurried to her job at a spinning mill in Lowell, Massachusetts. Years later, Larcom described her workplace:
"The buzzing and hissing and whizzing of pulleys and rollers and spindles and flyers around me often grew tiresome. . .I could look across the room and see girls moving backward and forward among the spinning frames, sometimes stooping, sometimes reaching up their arms, as their work required. "
In the early 1800s, busy factories and whirring machinery had become part of a revolution that was reaching the United States. Unlike the American Revolution, this one had no battles or fixed dates. The new revolution - the IndustrialRevolution - was a long, slow process that completely changed the way in which goods were produced.
The IndustrialRevolution Begins
Before the 1800’s, most Americans were farmers and most goods were produced by hand. As a result of the IndustrialRevolution, this situation slowly changed. Machines replaced hand tools. New sources of power, such as steam, replaced human and animal...

...The IndustrialRevolution was the period of enormous social, economic and cultural change that began in the middle of the eighteenth century in Great Britain which expanded throughout the rest of the world. During this time, countries gradually shifted from a primarily agrarian society to one of machine industry and manufacture.
The IndustrialRevolution brought about significant changes that transformed the way people lived. Some of the most crucial technological advancements include the uses of fossil fuel, steam for power and the development and manufacturing of steel for transportation. The inventions of the power loom and spinning jenny were significant timesavers to the textile industry and allowed an increase in output. Discoveries in the chemical industry led to the use of petroleum for fuel, which was used in the new internal combustion engines that propelled automobiles.
The high demand for manufactured goods did not necessarily lead to a higher quality of living in the cities. Air and water pollution from the factories, jeopardize the peoples’ health. Many factory owners took advantage of the workers who worked long hours in very dangerous circumstances. The workers were also paid lowered wages.
Children were also a source of labor during this time. Business owners could pay children considerably less than adult workers. The massive rate of immigrants who migrated from the country sides to work in the...