21st May: Every year 21st May is observed as the Anti-Terrorism Day, amongst other activities it also marks the pledge taking ceremony. In 991, this Day: It was this day that in 1991, former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi fell to evil designs of terrorists, in a planned conspiracy. 2-minute silence: 2-minute silence is observed to mourn the loss of Shri Rajiv Gandhi. Awareness generation: This day steps are also taken for awareness generation, and various activities in this regard include debates, discussion, symposia, seminars and lectures to mention main ones. The pledge: Text of the pledge is, “We, the people of India, having abiding faith in our country’s tradition of non-violence and tolerance, hereby solemnly affirm to oppose with our strength, all forms of terrorism and violence. We pledge to uphold and promote peace, social harmony, and understand amongst all fellow human beings and fight the force of disruption threatening human lives and values”.

NIAS IAS News Analysis by Bhawani Singh

Government may go for new bill to curb Match Fixing and Spot Fixing

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Match fixing v. spot fixing: In the match fixing end results of whole of the match are fixed, while in spot fixing, performance/outcome of particular part/event of the match is fixed. Match fixing involves more number of players of the team, while spot fixing could be even by individual players. Concerned ministers in touch: Union law minister Kapil Sibal and Youth Affairs Sports Minister (MoS with Independent Charge) Jitendra Singh are in touch in this regard. Need for explicit provisions in IPC: There is no explicit provision in Indian Penal Code (IPC) for match fixing and spot fixing, though there could be application of Section 420, but now there appears a need for explicit provision of these offences and appropriate quantum of punishment. Betting: Match fixing, spot fixing and betting are so messed up, that due to one there is other menace. Further apprehensions: Matter gets more serious when bookies involved in betting get linked to underworld criminals.

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Supreme Court questions indiscriminate use of red beacon lights

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Twin issues: Supreme Court on the one hand has questioned the indiscriminate use of red beacon lights, on the other it was also concerned with the deployment of security to all the categories of VIPs. Asks for new rules: The court expressed its inclination for new rules specifying the categories of people eligible for red, yellow and blue lights. Asks for details of cost on security: The Court has asked the Governments of the States and Union Territories to give the details of the costs on security of various categories of people. Asks for details of the rules: The Court demanded the details of relevant provisions of Motor Vehicle Act or other rules which provide for the use of red beacon lights in the vehicles.

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Video Telephony Service from MTNLs landline or Fibre Network for Delhi and Mumbai

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MTNL is the first Telecom Service Provider which has launched high quality Video Calling Service in Delhi and Mumbai. Special PVC (Private Virtual Circuit) will be provided by MTNL on broad band connection through which traffic of Video calls will flow. These video phones could also be connected with TV and Projector. Such innovative steps are expected to bring transformative chnanges in the society, economy and the government. State sector telecom players are important both the ways, in matters of level playing, and brnging services for mass impact and change. There has been more expansion of value added services in urban areas as compared to the rural areas, now these services in the phased manner should also be taken to other cities/towns, and to rural areas.

NIAS IAS News Glimpse by Bhawani Singh

Speaker Meira Kumar refuses to remove PC Chako

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Speaker Meira Kumar has refused to remove PC Chacko from the Chairmanship of Joint Parliamentary Committee probing the 2G Scam, citing the absence of express provisions in the rules. Already 15 members of the opposition parties including NDA parties, and erstwhile allies of UPA Trinamool Congress and DMK had written that they don’t have faith on Chacko, and they demanded his removal. Over the years, functioning of Parliamentary Committees, discussion on the Reports of the CAG, budgetary exercise, various major developmental policies, etc have become highly politicised, thus there is an adverse impact on effectiveness. Frequently, those in these committees more care for political interests of their political parties than public interest.

NIAS IAS News Analysis by Bhawani Singh

Petioning Speaker for disqualification under Anti-Defection Law

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The Case: Four Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly belonging to Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) joined Biju Janata Dal (BJD). State NCP Chief Utkal Keshari Parida petitioned the Speaker of State Legislative Assembly for disqualification of these MLAs. But the Speaker rejected the petition on the ground that Parida was not the member of the State Legislative Assembly. Orissa High Court Judgment: When decision of the Assembly Speaker was challenged in Orissa High Court, the Court ruled under tenth schedule concerning anti-defection law it was not mandatory that the person making such a complaint should always be the member of the House, rather any person interested can make the reference.

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Current Account Deficit (CAD) (In 2012F) in various countries

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While India, Indonesia, Brazil and Mexico have Current Account Deficit (CAD), on the other hand China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan and Russia have Current Account Surplus. CAD for India (for October-December ‘12) is -6.7 percent, for Indonesia -2.3 percent, for Brazil -2.2 per cent, and for Mexico -0.4 per cent. For China it is 2.5 per cent, Hong Kong 5 per cent, Malaysia 5 per cent, Philippines 2.8 per cent, Singapore 16.2 per cent, Taiwan 8.7 per cent, Thailand 0.1 per cent, Vietnam 0.3 per cent, and Russia 4.9 per cent. One of the main factors for high CAD in India has been high import of gold for curbing it India has taken important steps including increasing import duty.

Passed: Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2011 was passed, though Land Acquisition Bill was deferred. Powers of RBI: It aims at strengthening the powers of RBI concerning licenses to new entities including business houses wanting to enter the banking business including supervisory powers. Dues recovery: It also makes it easier for the banks to recover the dues. It also gives better say to private and state owned-banks. Superseding the board: If a bank indulges in the irregularities, then the RBI can supersede the board of that bank. New bank licenses: Though the Government of India was keen for new banking licenses but the RBI wanted suitable changes strengthening its powers before going ahead with such a move. Future Commodity Clause dropped: The Government dropped the clause which allowed the banks to trade in commodity futures as principal opposition party Bharatiya Janata Party was opposed.

NIAS IAS News Glimpse by Bhawani Singh

Prevention of Money Laundering (Amendment) Bill) passed

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Main purpose: It seeks to widen the definition of money laundering to include concealment, acquisition, possession and use of proceeds of crime as criminal activities. Financial Action Task Force: India is the member of Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering. Thus efforts are also being made to align the PMLA with the international law. Now need: Such steps become more essential looking at problem of black money, and linkage between economic offences and other criminal activities. Further Steps: There is also need for providing more effective linkage between economic intelligence and other intelligence agencies and coordinating the investigation. Steps, already taken, likFe National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) can also help in the in the coordination of intelligence information.

NIAS IAS News Analysis by Bhawani Singh

Disinvestment Policy to be enhanced through National Investment Fund (NIF)

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From 2013-14: The disinvestment proceeds with effect from fiscal year 2013-14 will be credited to the existing “public account” under the head National Investment Fund (NIF) which was constituted in the year 2005. Authorization: NIF has been authorized by the Government for buying shares of Public Sector Enterprises including banks and insurance companies. Alignment: NIF operations are aligned in such a manner that Disinvestment Policy is enhanced, and such a move is preferred by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA). Features: It is outside the Consolidated Fund of India, its corpus is of permanent nature, it is profesionally managed, and it is used both the ways for social sector schemes and Capital Investment in Public Economic Sector. Ambit: It comes in the ambit of Department of Disinvestment in the Ministry of Finanace.

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The Economics of Ecosystem and Biodiversity (TEEB)

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It draws attention to the benefits of biodiversity globally, and it brings awareness about the growing costs of biodiversity loss in the ecosystem degradation. For example if there agro-biodiversity then benefits to poor in rural areas can be better taken care of and agricultural productivity can be improved.

NIAS IAS News Glimpse by Bhawani Singh

Robo-Fly or RoboBee

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“Robo-Fly” or “RoboBee”: It is robot of the size of the fly built from the carbon fibre, weighs a fraction of a gram and has superfast electronic muscles to power its wings. Harvard University, which developed it, has said that it could be used for rescue operations, as it will take very less space for navigation. Though initially it was designed to understand how the insect flight works. It is also reported world’s smallest flying robot. Piezoelectric material has been used in wings, which contracts every time a voltage is applied to it. It weighs only 80 milligrams, its wings have span of 3 cm, and can flap up to 120 times per second. This not only will help in more understanding nature but also in overcoming problem of space in actvities like development and disaster management.

NIAS IAS News Analysis by Bhawani Singh

2013 to witness five eclipses, two to be visible in India

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Following five eclipses will occur in the year 2013, April 25 – a partial lunar eclipse, May 10 – annular solar eclipse, May 25 – penumbral lunar eclipse, October 18 – penumbral lunar eclipse, and Nov 3 – hybrid solar eclipse. Out of these partial lunar eclipse on April 25 and penumbral lunar eclipse on October 18 would be visible from India. Such information is brought out National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), US.

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Internet Protocol Version 6

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IPv6: Internet Protocol Version 6 will be much a modification on Internet Protocol Version 4 as it will have more IP addresses thus unique addresses allocated to end users will help in better tracking of end users thus it will be better for the security purposes. Indian Registry for Internet Names and Numbers (IRINN) has started using new version of interment addresses IPv6.

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Challenges in the tourism sector

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The financial crisis Europe, high domestic airfares, and the perception that India is unsafe for women tourists have adversely impacted inbound tourism and hurt the country’s foreign exchange growth in the bargain. In some cases, it takes some two-weeks’ time to get the Indian visa, thus tourist may opt for some other countries. Growth in the tourism sector, which was 12 to 14 per cent earlier, now has come down to single digit. There is global challenge and slowdown as well, statistics provided by UNWTO indicates that total number of tourists travelling across the world will only grow by 3 per cent and India is no exception. Yet, a ray of hope is from North America, CIS nations and Asia.

NIAS IAS News Analysis by Bhawani Singh

World Travel Market - 2012, India launches new campaigns

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World Travel Market - 2012: This was recently concluded in London, India has launched two new campaigns, an international campaign called “Find what you seek” and domestic campaign called “Go Beyond”. “Take II” in Tourism Sector: This is an improvement on ‘Incredible India’ that was launched in the year 2002 earlier. It will have more tourist/consumer orientation in expanding choices and services. Awards to Indian Tourism: India has been awarded three awards by World Travel Organization, these include: Asia’s Leading Destination, Asia’s Leading Tourism Attraction – Taj Mahal, and Asia’s Leading Tourism Board. Round the Year Destination: Efforts are being made to develop India as round the year destination, and diverse kinds of tourism like Rural Tourism, Wellness and Medical Tourism, Cruise Tourism, Adventure Tourism, etc are being promoted.

NIAS IAS News Glimpse by Bhawani Singh

Problems with health care in India

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World Health Organization estimates bring out 67 per cent of the population has no medical insurance, compared with 15 per cent in China and 50 per cent in Africa. In India, almost 80 per cent of health care expenses are born out of people’s own pockets, thus it makes health care inaccessible for many. Other major problem India faces in the health care is the defeciency in the health infrastructure, more so in rural areas. There is always a need for integrated approach for health and welfare for example issues like free and safe drinking water, sanitation, health education, etc also need high care. Health insurance of aged is also very important concern for which private sector players are not that interested, thus State Sector will have to play important role.

NIAS IAS News Analysis by Bhawani Singh

Siddaramaiah takes over as new CM of Karnataka and announcs new measures

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Mr Siddaramaiah who has taken over as the new Chief Minister in the State was instrumental, in the social engineering that benefitted the Congress. He is the 22nd Chief Minister of State. It was in 2006, that he moved from Janata Dal (Secular) to Congress when HD Deve Gowada started more favouring his son HD Kumaraswamy. Earlier he was also Deputy Chief Minister in N Dharam Singh Government. He hails from Kuruba community that is third largest community in the State. He has announced a slew of measures these include waiving of loans given to SCs and STs, OBCs and minorities, increased subsidy in housing, 30 kg per family rice at just Re 1 a kg for BPL families, reconnecting power in case of disconnection due to non-payment of bills for beneficiaries of Bhagyalakshmi with one-time waiver.

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Gujarat Lokayukta Aayog Bill, 2013

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It has been passed by the Gujarat Assembly, while it takes away prominent position of the Governor and the Chief Justice of the High Court, it strengthens position of the Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers in matters of appointment. There was a big controversy due to appointment of RA Mehta in August 2011 in without consent of State Chief Minister or the State Council of Ministers. Gujarat governemnt had even challenged the action of the Governor but the State High Court rejected the contention of State Government. Though the Supreme Court did not appreciate the action of Governor but the appointment was held valid by it. Even elected functionaries of the local governmental institutions have been brought in the ambit of new law.

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Attack on ICRC Offices in Afghanistan

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First such targeted attacks on ICRC: It is for the first time that offices of International Red Cross Society (ICRC) have been targeted in Afghanistan, its offices faced deadly suicide and gun attacks, and the agency halted its staff movement. Since 1987 ICRC\'s engagement there: ICRC started working there in 1987, and it is for the first time that the agency is facing such targeted attacks on its offices. Taliban Offensive: Taliban has launched its “spring offensive” aimed at destabilizing President Hamid Karzai’s Regime. Such attacks are also targeting International Organization for Migration. Such attacks are creating further apprehensions and complexities as NATO troops are to exit by end of 2014.

The Summit: This is second such summit held from 14th to 20th May, in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Theme: The Theme of the Summit is, ‘Water Security and water-related Disaster Challenges: Leadership and Commitment’. National Leaders Session: It was held on 20th May 2013 and opened by Thai PM Yingluck Shinawatra. India links food, energy and water security: Union Water Resources Minister, Harish Rawat, representing India, emphasized that ensuring energy and food security is not possible without water security. 2013 in India: India is celebrating 2013 as water conservation year. 2013 internationally: Globally it is being observed as ‘Year of International Cooperation for Water ’. Chang Mai Declaration: Countries have committed to prevent water-related disasters that cause economic and social damage as well as loss of life.

NIAS IAS News Analysis by Bhawani Singh

Earthquake strikes off coast of Chile - the Pacific Ring of Fire

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On 20th May: According to US Geological Survey, there was an Earthquake of magnitude 6.8 in Richter Scale at a depth of 10 km at coast of southern Chile on 20th May 2013 (at 0949 GMT). Chile’s position: Due to intense seismic activity there, geologists call it Pacific “Ring of Fire”. Centered about: It was centered about 626 km west of Pureto Aisen, Chile. Epicenter: Its epicenter was at 1,538 km south – south-west of the capital Santiago. No Tsunami warning yet, but still possible: The Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre in Hawaii said no immediate tsunami warning existed in the area, but looking at the strength of the earthquake tsunamis were possible. 1960 earthquake: Strongest earthquake was there in 1960 of 9.5 magnitude in Richter Scale. February 2010: There was earthquake of 8.8 strength in Richter Scale in Chile’s Central Maule Region which also generated tsunami waves causing large scale damage to life and property.

NIAS IAS News Glimpse by Bhawani Singh

Russia takes over G20 Presidency, Putin highlights priorities

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Russian Presidency: Russia, for the first time, has taken over the Presidency of G20 on 1st Dec 2012, Russian President Vladimir Putin emphasised on positive and substantive agenda. 2013 Summit: G20 Leaders Summit will take place in Russia on 5-6th September. About G20: Group of 20 or G20 is a Group of 19 countries and European Union, a forum of international financial and economic cooperation. It was created in 1999 in response to financial crisis in late 1990s. Multifarious expansion and partnership: Various foras whihc exist, now, in the ambit of G20 include Business 20, Think 20, Civil 20, Youth 20 and Labour 20. Priorities: These include jobs and investment, trust and transparency, and effective regulation.

NIAS IAS News Glimpse by Bhawani Singh

Conflict exists between Sudan and South Sudan yet they show commitment to cooperation deal

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The commitment: Sudan and South Sudan have shown commitment for finding out the solutions to pending issues under the framework of cooperation agreement. Republic of South Sudan as an independent nation: Getting independence from Sudan, Republic of South Sudan (as called officially) emerged as separate independent nation on 9th July 2011. The conflict: Yet there has been conflict between the two over some territories and resources including oil resources. Cooperation Agreement: Cooperation Agreement was signed between the two countries in September 2012 in Addis Ababa the Capital of Ethiopia. African countries: They are counties in Africa, while Sudan has proximity to Iran, South Sudan has US support.

NIAS IAS News Analysis by Bhawani SinghC. Rangrajan Committee opposes more Governments control and favours more liberty to Sugar Mills::

Favours decontrol: A Committee chaired by Prime Minister Economic Advisory Council Chairperson C. Rangrajan has preferred more decontrol in the sugar sector. The Report has preferred that Sugar Mills should be given more freedom to sell the sugar in open market and their obligations to supply the sugar to ration shops below the market prices should be done way. Central subsidies to States: The Committee suggested that State Governments could be given some Rs 3,000 crore subsidies and the State Governments should buy sugar directly from the open market. Liberty yet evades Sugar Sector: Even though more liberty is given from government’s control in other sectors of economy but the sugar sector yet continues with more government’s control from production to the distribution. Yet on Fair and Remuneration Price: However the Committee felt that the Government could continue with fixing of Fair and Remuneration Price (FRP) of sugarcane. Mr. C. Rangrajan observed, “Levy sugar obligation and administrative control on non-levy sugar need to be dispensed with immediately”. Apprehensions shrugged aside: He shrugged aside the apprehensions that such step may lead to increase in the sugar prices in the domestic market instead he felt that such step will improve the financial health of sugar sector mills without the negative fallout. Benefits to Farmers: If the financial health of sugar sector mills improves then there could be timely payment of sugar arrears to farmers. It also favoured making it mandatory to mills to share 70 per cent of revenue from sugar and other by-products to farmers.

A Syrian passenger plane was forced to land in Turkish Capital of Ankara and it allegedly was carrying ammunition. Reports are that there were missile parts and communication equipments carried through it for the use of Syrian defence forces. Latter plane was allowed to take off to Syria but the cargo was seized. Turkey has raised allegations of violations of civil aviation rules by Syria. Turkey wants regime change in Syria and has imposed sanctions on Syria. Russian Reaction: Russia has called the grounding of this Syrian Plane unlawful and it said that it endangered the life of Russian citizens who were in the plane. It has also asked for information on ammunition from Turkey. Arms export agency of Russia denied of having cargo in the flight. Turkish Response to Russian Reaction: Turkish Foreign Ministry summoned Ambassador of Russia to Turkey and gave details asked by Russia/grounding of the plane. Syrian Reaction: Obvious, Syria has denied presence of ammunition in the Syrian Plane and it has opposed the grounding. US Reaction: US has welcomed and supported Turkish step of grounding of this plane. Iranian Reaction: Iran has asked Turkey not to follow Western path, and it has criticised USA for using/misusing Syrian neighbours against crisis ridden Syria. Turkey Syria – Conflict: Some Syrian attacks in border areas with Turkey on Syrian rebels, also caused some causalities on Turkish people. Turkish Parliament authorised Turkish regime to take military action against Syria. In the recent times Turkey has also provided support to Syrian rebels or opposition and there are good numbers of Syrian refugees in the Turkish territory. Turkey has deployed good numbers of tanks and jets on borders with Syria.

NIAS IAS News Analysis by Bhawani SinghOver Attack Helicopters, Indian Army and Indian Air Force Differences far from over yet Indian Army likely to have its own attack Helicopters::

The Difference: There has been a difference of opinion whether Indian Army should have its own attack helicopters or else it should take the services and support from the Indian Air Force. Indian Army’s View and Contention: While Indian Army feels such attack helicopters are needed with it as that will improve its capabilities in tactical situations. It feels it will go well with its Cold Start Doctrine which aims at reducing the time taken to mobilise the troops. What Indian Air Force Says? Indian Air Force in contrast feels that Attack Helicopters without proper support of Air Force which has larger air assets and capability may not be proper. Indian Air Force Chief Air Marshal recently went to the extent of commenting that it may not be possible and appropriate to go for “little air forces”. Defence Minister A K Antony says it is a “Family Problem”: Union Defence Minister Mr A. K. Antony has termed this difference of opinion as a family problem. National Security Advisor Shiv Shankar Menon’s Intervention on behalf of Union Defence Minister: Yet very recently National Security Advisor Mr Shiv Shankar Menon, on behalf of Union Defence Minister, talked to Army Chief General Bikram Singh and Air Chief Marshal N A K Browne, and it is believed that Mr Menon advised the Union Government in favour of owning and operating of Medium Lift Attack Helicopters by Indian Army. Likelihood in this case: is likely that first batch of Apache helicopters which are being procured from USA may go to Indian Army.

NIAS IAS News Analysis by Bhawani SinghEarth like rock found in Mars::

NASA of US has found earth like rock in Mars, and this US Space Agency said, “This rock is close match in chemical composition to an unusual but well-known type of igneous rock found in many volcanic provinces of earth”. Study and understanding of the rocks may give more understanding and knowledge about the planetary processes and the environment there. Instruments used for such rock analysis are Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) and Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) by NASA’a Mars Rover. Jake, the rock texture and composition found, is a kind of odd Martin rock and it is high in mineral feldspar and low in magnesium and iron

NIAS IAS News Analysis by Bhawani SinghRight to Information versus Right to Privacy  Where do we go?:

Caution by Prime Minister: Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has cautioned against the “frivolous” and “vexatious” use of Right to Information saying that citizen’s right to know should be balanced with citizen’s right to privacy. Added Example:Added here, there are issues like information about the patients in the Government Hospitals, there right to privacy versus right to information. Need for Fine Balance says Prime Minister: The Prime Minister felt a need for ‘fine balance between Right to Information and Right to Privacy which stems out of Fundament Right to Life and Liberty’. Prime Minister was also apprehensive that its expansion and excessive use in the Public –Private Partnership Projects may also act as impediment in such expanding public-private partnerships. Complicated Issue: Yet the Prime Minister felt that it is difficult to draw a clear demarcation line between the two and it is a complicated question in real practice. The Prime Minister felt when such practices go too far and excessive information is demanded then it creates additional pressure on public resources in compiling and giving the information. “Aim of Right to Information”: He observed that the aim of the Right to Information is not simply hindering the government’s functioning rather it is bring efficiency in the government’s functioning. Added Here: Added here, world-wide in some countries there have been concerns relating to bringing of Data Protection Acts in addition to Freedom of Information Acts like in UK. Or else Hungary has Information and Privacy Commissioner for balancing the two in grievance redress.

NIAS IAS News Analysis by Bhawani SinghNew protocol for the President and the Governor Approved: Practice since Long: Since long for addressing the President or the Governor words like His/Her Excellency and Mahamahim were used. New Set of:

Practice since Long: Since long for addressing the President or the Governor words like His/Her Excellency and Mahamahim were used. New Set of Protocol: However President Pranab Mukherji has approved new set of protocol in this regard and instead of His/Her Excellency and Mahamahim, words honourable and mahoday should be used for the President or the Governor. Or else even the words like and RashtrapatiJi can also be used for the President. Other Instructions: President Pranab Mukherji has also asked that as far as possible various functions relating to more engagement of the President/President’s Office should be organized in the Rashtrapati Bhavan so that inconvenience caused to the public can be avoided. Yet in International Interactions: However in case of interaction of the President with foreign dignitaries use of words His/Her Excellency may continue depending on the requirements of the international practices. Communication from President’s Secretariat to Union Home Ministry: Such communication has been sent by the President’s Secretariat to the Ministry of Home Affairs on the instructions of the President Pranab Mukherji.

European Union (EU) wins Noble Peace Prize – Big Boost in Crisis: Even though European Union is struggling to save its single currency and is in crisis yet Noble Committee in Oslo took the long-term view of its contribution and it has decided in favour of European Union for Noble Peace Prize. Long-Term View rather than focus on crisis in near past: Noble Committee appreciated how the European Union brought together and kept together historical foes like Germany and France. Thorbjorn Jagland head of Noble Committee shrugged off European Union woes, instead appreciated its long contribution for peace in the region. Big Confidence Booster for EU: Whether criticized by skeptics or appreciated by supporters, it is a big boost to the confidence lacking European Union today. Crisis yet EU made valuable contribution: Expansion of the European Union with the accession of Greece, Spain and Portugal is also important its important contribution. Jose Manuel Barroso, head of the European Commission treated this award as the award to the European Citizens. EU’s contribution to ethnically based national conflicts is appreciable for example its role in Balkans. It has also made important contribution to “Human Rights and Democracy” in some countries for example Turkey. A Reminder for Unity and Continuity: When the European Union is internally divided on how to overcome the debt crisis in its member countries, it is a reminder that unity of European Union is still much important.

Physics Noble Prize in the Field of Quantum Computing: Serge Haroche and David J Wineland have been awarded Noble Prize for their work “for ground breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems”. These scientists studied on trapping, manipulating the fundamental particles of light. This breakthrough could be a big step towards the superfast quantum computers in the future. It can also make valuable contribution in the measurement of time with greater precision. These two scientists did their individual work while Wineland made use of electric field in trapping electrically charged atoms, on the other hand Haroche made use of superconducting mirrors for trapping particles and using them for cooling to around absolute zero.

2012 Noble Prize in Chemistry for Work on Cell Receptors: Two Americans Robert J Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobika have won 2012 Noble Prize in Chemistry for their work on G-protein-coupled-receptors. These allow cells to sense light, odour, flavour, and receive signals from hormones and neurotransmitters.

NIAS IAS New Glimpse by Bhawani SinghAmendments to Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act 1986 coming up:
Amendments to Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act 1986 coming up: Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister has given a go head to the amendments to be brought in the Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act 1986 to expand its provisions and apply them to electronic and digital media. But such a Bill will needs to be passed by the Parliament to become effective, unless and until any ordinance is brought. Aim is to enhance the fine and imprisonment to the people who are found guilty of such offences. Such changes could provide more effective protection to women against any kind of indecent representation to women by taking into its ambit various newer forms of communication digital media.

NIAS IAS New Glimpse by Bhawani SinghIndia offered stinger missiles by US for Apache Attack Choppers:

For Apache attack choppers, US has offered India some 245 stinger missiles which is a part of the weapons package. It could be crucial for air-to-air defense capabilities for strengthening attack capabilities of Apache which are being acquired by Indian Air Force. Though in race for Indian Air Force contract even Russian Mi-28 was also there, but finally decision was taken in favour of Apache. Under a programme called MAFI (Modernization of Airfield Infrastructure) India is going ahead with up-gradation of various airfields to carry out night operations and up-gradation to improve other capabilities

Widening Trade Deficit of India: Due to fall in exports and rise in imports, the trade deficit of India has gone highest in the last eleven months period. In September 2012, $ 18.08 billion trade deficit was highest from October 2011, which a big matter of concern for India. It is also substantially higher than August 2012 as it was US $ 15.6 billion then. Weakening overseas demand in some sectors again raises much worry for India. There has been significant increase in the oil imports of India over a period of time. It not only may down grade India’s sovereign debt rating, it may have implications otherwise too on economy including on Indian currency, foreign exchange rate to cite few. Woes are added when we look at slipping down India’s economic growth and subdued Industrial output. What is Trade Deficit? Trade deficit is the imbalance in country’s exports and its imports, when imports are higher than the exports then there is trade deficit.

Expanding India – US Economic and Financial Partnerships: In New Delhi, Union Finance Minister P. Chidambaram and US Secretary of Treasury Timothy Geithner took up the issue of expanding this partnership. Both the countries agree to expand their cooperation bilaterally as well as multilaterally including the G20. Both the countries also come together for improving the financial regulation and making it more effective. Going ahead both want to take effective steps for checking the money laundering and terrorist financing. Opening of the FDI in the retail sector, other capital market reforms, Infrastructure Debt Fund etc have created huge investment opportunities for US in India. As usual Twelfth Five Year Plan of India aims at an investment of US $ 1 trillion in the infrastructure sector.

Today, BrahMos – supersonic cruise missile – has been successfully test fired by the Indian navy. Test-fired from a guided missile frigate INS Teg, it is capable of carrying a conventional warhead of 300 kg. Warship Teg is Indian Navy’s latest induction from Russia, built at Yantar shipyard in Russia. In addition to INS Teg, warships INS Tarkash and INS Trikhand will also be armed with this lethal missile in vertical launch mode, and it will enhance defence capabilities of Indian armed forces. It is two stage missile, one, solid, two, liquid propellant, and this missile already stands injected in navy as well as army. Its Air Forces version is also being tested and it may also be injected in the armed forces in future.

Important reforms in stock market are underway, these include proposed safety-net mechanism for retail investors who buy Initial Public Offerings (IPO) or first stocks of the companies. Options are being explored whether safety-net mechanism to be offered by the companies can be made mandatory. Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has also announced the implementation of e-IPO facility in two phases. There are also proposals to allow Foreign Institutional Investors to offer the bank guarantees, it will take far more than cash as security which they are allowed at present. There are also steps for simplifying the process and reducing the time period from allocation of shares to their trading in the stock market. Time consumption in know-your-customer (KYC) could also be reduced for investors when they buy such financial products as there could be early implementation of KYC norms

Such cooperation and partnership is more essential for South Korea due to existing and growing threat from North Korea. With an armistice pact even though 1950 – 53 war between these countries ended but still there continued much conflict between South Korea and North Korea. Earlier there was 1979 agreement and then it was revised in the year 2001, but under that range of South Korean Missiles was limited to 300 km and payload of 500 kg. Now steps/talks are there to extend it to 800 km to cover North Korea more thoroughly in eventualities of attacks. Or else, there are talks for alternative agreement with missile range of 550 km and an additional one tonne pay load. A big challenge for US and South Korea is that US military installations in Japan and whole of South Korea are within attack range of North Korea. South Korean Government stated that such agreement has reached in the final stage.

By issuing 10 year bonds denominated in Singapore Dollar, Indian Oil Corporation has raised around $ 400 million (which was initially planned at $ 300 million). Domestic entities are more inclined for foreign debt as the Government reduced tax on the foreign borrowings. Added to advantage it raised this loan in quite competitive rates, and it has some distinctions: this is largest Singapore Dollar offering by any foreign corporate issuer in this year, it has long tenor, and it is largest ever issuance by any Indian Company in Singapore Dollar.

Dhanush, India’s 350 km Surface-to-Surface ballistic missile was launched successfully from the naval ship of the coast of Balasore, Odisha, in the Bay of Bengal. Capable of being launched from naval ships it is short range missile developed by Defence Research Development Organization (DRDO). As it is N-Capable (Nuclear Capable) missile thus it is kept under Strategic Force Command which controls nuclear weapons. It is a naval version of short range nuclear capable Prithvi Missile. It is big shot in the hands of the Indian Navy as it is capable of striking the enemy targets with great precision on the sea as well as shore. Tested a day after launch of Prithvi-II from Integrated Test Range (ITR) of Chandipur-on-sea, it brings further improvement in India’s defence capabilities.

350 km range short range n-capable ballistic missile Prithvi II was successfully launched from Integrated Test Range of Chandipur-on-sea, in Balasore, Odisha. Its development and monitoring was done by Defence Research and Development Organization and launch was carried out by the armed forces. It is being produced by Bharat Dynamic Limited – a Public Sector Undertaking. It is part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme and it is India’s first indigenously brought and built ballistic missile. Not only it is capable of ducking anti-ballistic missiles, it can carry warhead including nuclear warhead upto 500 kg, and it is liquid fuelled. Being N-Capable (Nuclear Capable) it is kept under the ambit of Strategic Force Command which controls the nuclear weapons.

Insurance: Foreign companies can increase their ownership of the insurance companies from 26 percent to 49 percent. Yet there is a need for change in the insurance law which needs the Parliamentary approval. Pensions: Initiated Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) aims at Foreign Direct Investment in the Pension Fund. This may take to better financial capital mobilization and financial productivity. Forward Markets: Powers and position of the Forward Markets Commission are being strengthened to improve commodity markets. Union Cabinet has given approval to Forward Contract Regulation Act (Amendment Bill) which still needs the approval of the Parliament. FDI in Multi-brand Retail: Earlier in mid-September the Union Government took decision to allow 51 percent in the multi-brand retail. Civil Aviation: FDI norms in the Civil Aviation Sector have been relaxed, it bring more foreign capital in the Civil Aviation field. It may also infuse new life in various ailing civil aviation enterprises/companies. Broadcasting: FDI norms in the broadcasting sector too have been relaxed, it is expected that broadcasting may further expand and more commercial and financially productive approach can be adopted with exploring of new avenues.

NIas IAS News Analysis by Bhawani SinghTwelfth Five Year Plan Document to be placed before the National Development Council (NDC)::

Twelfth Five Year Plan Documents for the period 2012-2017 have been discussed by the Cabinet and it has given nod for placing it before the National Development Council. Five Year Plans are formulated by the Planning Commission taking care of guidelines brought by the National Development Council, and Five Year Plans formulated by the Planning Commission are approved by the National Development Council. Twelfth Five Year Plan aims at inclusive and sustainable growth or &ldquo;strong inclusive growth&rdquo; with average growth rate of 8.2 percent. Though, it takes the path of acceleration growth in the Plan Period with 9 percent target in the terminal year of 12th Five Year Plan. It puts more emphasis on infrastructural projects and benefits to various weaker sections. Important mission-mode projects including National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, etc are continued in the 12th Five Year Plan.

Nias IAS News Analysis by Bhawani Singh Main Hurdles in Pushing-through the Reforms Agenda by the Government in the Coalition Realities and Political and Peoples Opposition:

* Main opposition party is much against this Reforms Agenda as feeling is that instead of these reforms benefitting the masses they may more benefit western powers and multi-national brands.

* These reform efforts appear to be brought “too late yet too hurried”, already there is a dent to the credibility of the Government due to various scams as highlighted in CAG’s Reports and by the media or in political arena.

* Due to thinning majority of the Government in the House of People as TMC and some smaller groups have left the government its dependence on the outside support has increased. In reality bold policy decisions require strong political support and consistent political commitment.

* As the time approaches for 2014 General Elections there may be political compulsions of those in power to bring more populist policies and programs or even election year budget may be rather more populist more eying political rather than long term economic gains. Thus still t remains to be seen how effectively, promptly and consistently these reforms are carried ahead.

Nias IAS News Analysis by Bhawani SinghTurkey moves to military action on Syria::

Tension has been mounting between Turkey and Syria in light of Syrian actions inflicting damage in Turkey. In light of recent shelling in which five Turk civilians were killed, Turk Parliament gave approval for the military action. In the retaliation, Turkish firing against the Syrian targets continued. As protest was lodged by Turkey in NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) thus emergency meeting was convened of North Atlantic Council in Brussels. The Council condemned Syrian action and asked for an end to violation of international law. Turkey has also demanded that United Nations Security Council and NATO should take action against Syria. An extra-ordinary session of Parliament was gathered on 4th October for getting approval for one year for authorizing military to use ground troops in case of a need. Though Turkey maintains that it has no intention to declare war on Syria yet much tension is mounting between the two countries. Turkey is increasingly facing problem and spillover effect of Syrian artillery and gunfire in territory. Even through Syria apologizes for its actions but asks the neighbors not to allow infiltration through the borders.

The Policy Change: Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) of the Scheduled Banks is reduced by 25 basis points from 4.75 per cent to 4.50 per cent that was made effective for the fortnight beginning September 22, 2012. Repo and Reverse Repo were kept unchanged under the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF). Policy Environment: Globally there exist a risk thus internationally more steps have been taken for increasing the liquidity. There has been somewhat negative investment climate thus the government is taking some pro-market steps. There has been inflationary pressure combined with slow economic growth. Expenditure Trends: It is expected that if subsidies go down and investment climate improves then shift may take place from more consumption expenditure towards more investment including the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Main Aim: Main aim of the Monetary Policy still remains the Inflation Management and creating positive investment and growth climate. Trade Deficit: In the first five months of 2012-13 the trade deficit had narrowed but there was relatively large fall of exports in July-August which bring out a risk in the current account.

In his visit to USA, Indian Foreign Minister S. M. Krishna has emphasised that USA fully understands India’s oil compulsions. USA has already issued waver for India from Iranian Sanctions Act recently. India wants to keep its options open and sources broad in matters of the crude oil import and Iran is also one its important source. India is conscious of its energy needs looking at it modernizing and expanding economy in the new technological and economic era. But two important Indian steps must satisfy USA as well on Iranian issue. One, India has reduced its crude oil import from Iran, and second India maintains that Iran should also abide by the international standards and guidelines as any other country needs to do so. Yet, India does not support any direct military action on Iran by USA or any other power, instead it prefers the Iranian nuclear issue should be resolved by the peaceful dialogue. India these days faces a delicate task of balancing the India-Iran ties in consonance with India-US, India-Israel and India-European ties. How successful India’s diplomatic efforts are, time only will tell, but till now India has maintained a good balance in these relationships. India-US relations are getting increasing broader in matters of partnership and dialogue, in July 2009 itself Strategic Dialogue was established. In November 2009, Prime Minister Dr. Monmohan Singh has visited Washington, and in November 2010 US President Barack Obama had visited India. These two visits expanded the horizons and dialogue between the two countries.

NIAS IAS News Glimpse by Bhawani SinghEfforts for more teeth to UN Peace Plan on Syria:

France has demanded that UN Secretary General’s peace plan on Syria should be made legally binding Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. A view is emerging that this Plan should be strengthened with sanctions and military actions in case of the violations. View is that conditions like civil war have emerged there, and a No-Fly Zone should be declared to prevent further escalation of the situation. Yet, the world or major powers themselves are not united in this regard. Despite support of France, USA, etc as usual Russia and China remain opposed to such step as was their position earlier. Already, Russia and China have twice vetoed resolution on Syria against Bashar al-Assad. Even though US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has warned Syria of negative consequences which may follow due to support of Russia to Syrian regime, but Russia has its own strategic interests and does not agree with US views. Though Russia and China support UN and Arab League Peace Plan but are against military action against Assad regime. US alleges that Russia is supplying attack helicopters to Syrian Assad Regime, but Russia maintains that it is only honouring long term contracts which were signed and paid for much earlier. In contrast, Russia alleges that US has armed Syrian rebels or opposition, a charge which so far US has preferred to dismiss. Battle yet continues between the Bashar al-Assad and Free Syrian Army, and there seems to be no end to the prevailing conflict like war in Syria. On its part, Assad regime does not accept that as such condition like civil war have been created in the country. Not only there are allegations and instances of large scale violations of human rights and even killings, even neighbouring countries like Turkey now face the large scale problem of influx of Syrian refugees.

In the recent visit of Indian Foreign Minister S. M. Krishna to USA, India and USA have agreed to bring trilateral mechanism involving Afghanistan, India and USA, on the issue of Afghanistan for exploring opportunities and taking steps for development in the areas of agriculture, mining, energy or other fields. India is engaged in Afghanistan in development infrastructure or other support for building of democratic intuitions including some capacity building efforts. India has given development support to Afghanistan as well as projects like New Silk Road Initiative. India does not prefer to engage there militarily, and the position in the Afghanistan is really complex one including problems in the management of the Afghanistan and Pakistan border. Looking at sensitivity of Indo-Pak relations, Indo-US relations in context of Afghanistan are of high importance in the South Asian region. India’s in near future will also be holding international investors meet on Afghanistan in New Delhi.

India Japan Relations and visit of PM Manmohan Singh to Japan, the confluence of two seas  the Pacific and Indian Oceans

The Visit: This was Five-Day visit to Japan as well as Thailand, three-day visit to Japan, and two-day visit to Thailand. Visit to Japan: It was on the invitation of PM of Japan Shinzo Abe. There were discussions between the two countries on the civil nuclear deal, if inked the deal will allow Japan to export the nuclear reactors.

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Thailand visit of PM Manmohan Singh, and expanding Look East Policy of India

Look East Policy: PM Manmohan Singh said that Indiaâs Look East Policy could benefit the North Eastern States to a great extent. Agreements: In Bangkok, Seven agreements have been signed between India and Thailand including Extradition Treaty. People-to-People: There is Thailand-India Exchange Programm ...

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India and China sign agreements or docuements in mutiple fronts

India and China have signed some eight agreements/documents in various fronts including areas like Mansarovar Yatra, trade and commerce, feed ingredients, sewage treatment, irrigation technology, translation of classic and contemporary works, sharing hydrological information and facilitating linkage between cities and provinces.

Began on 19th May: It began on Sunday, 19th May 2013, it is expected to provide impetus to bi-lateral ties after the border row between the two countries. Four-nation visit: This is four-nation visit and countries include India, Pakistan, Switzerland and Germany. First: It is his first overseas tour as Chinese Prime Minister ...

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Can China and India come together? Can they change for themselves, for Asia, and for the World?

Conflict, yet much in common: In addition to the border conflict between the two countries, there is ... Yet the two countries have much to share in common. Both countries are ancient civilizations, both are major developing countries, both are members of BRICS and G 20, both are rising powers, combined population ...

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New heights and new dynamics in ASEAN  India Relations, 20th Year of Look East Policy of India

Indian visit of Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai and India and Afghanistan Relations

Afghanistan recognises Indiaâs Efforts: Karzai said during his visit, âPeople of Afghanistan have noticed Indiaâs contribution. They convey their deep, deep gratitude through meâ. Already India has made valuable contribution in reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan, though it refrained from sending its armed forces there.

Concluded on 10th November 2012: Prime Minister of Canada concluded his visit to India on 10th November 2012, which aimed at promotion of trade and investment opportunities included various other areas of cooperation. Way forward for Multi-track diplomacy: India is keen to make use of large Indian-origin ...

Major areas of cooperation between India and Australia: These include trade and investment, education, development, civil aviation, defence, counter terrorism efforts, and cultural exchange to cite some main ones. In these fronts not only there are efforts for making cooperation more intense ...

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Court comments work, after all panel for autonomy of CBI constituted, yet ...

After Court observation, chaired by P. Chidambaram: After facing serious critical comments from Supreme Court over the issue of governmentâs interference in CBI functioning in Coal Scam case, a panel has been constituted to look into the issue of CBI autonomy ...

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Elections in Karnataka  An Analysis of Change, social engineering, voting trends ...

BJP looses key southern State: Karnataka was the only ... âAHINDAâ: The Social engineering combination used by Congress has been termed as AHINDA by Siddaramaiah that denotes âalpasankhyak or minorities, induliga or OBCs and Dalitsâ.

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Supreme Court asks for maintaining independence in the functioning of CBI

Court kept in dark, coal scam report shared with the government: Supreme Court has found it âvery disturbingâ that status report of the CBI on coal blocks scam was shared with the Government of India, Ministry of Law and Justice, and the Court was kept in dark ...

The issue and the Committee: Parliamentary Standing Committee on Food, Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution headed by Vilas Muttemwar which examined National Food Security Bill has favoured scrapping of âgeneralâ and âpriorityâ categorization in National Food Security Bill.

As compared to 2001 Census: Percentage of children of age 0 to 6 years has decreased as compared to 2001 census. Decline more in girls: This decline for this age group is more for girls as compared to the boys. Very low child sex ratio in some States: Some of the States have very low child sex ratio ...

Hits Bangladesh coast: On 17th May 2013, Tropical Cyclone Mahasen hit Khepupara on Bangladesh coast, and then it moved to ports of Chittagong and Coxâs Bazar. Impact: It flooded various low lying areas .... large number of people had to be shifted (reportedly around one million)...

More credible than earlier, yet threats: These elections in Pakistan can be taken more credible then earlier, as they are relatively fair, and without undue military intervention. Yet they were characterized by threats from terrorist and fundamentalist groups more so to the parties claiming to be secular.

Power stay gets too long: Malaysia got independence from Britain in 1957, since then power stay of around 56 years, gets longer for ruling Barisan Nasional (National Front). Win with reduced majority: In 222 member Parliament, the party has won 133 seats ...

Countries in conflict: China claims almost all the South China Sea sovereign rights, but Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan and Brunei have claims on parts of South China Sea. Strategic importance of trade: Around half of the worldâs total trade is through South China Sea, it is important strategically.

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Leadership Change Issue in China and top mechanism of Communist Party of China (CPC)

General Secretary: ...in the First Session of 18th Central Committee Xi Jinping is elected, the General Secretary. National Congress: ... it has concluded today on 15th Nov 2012, Thursday. âState of the Nationâ Work Report Approved: ...unanimously approved Huâs âState of the Nationâ Work Report.

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India - Maldives Differences, GMR Group transfers the Male airport to Maldives Government

On 7th Dec 2012: GMR Group handsover the Male International Airport to Maldives Government. GMR Group was engaged in the modernization of the Male International Airport, along with Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad (MAHB). Now Government of Maldives gives it to Maldives Airports Company Limited (MACL).Â

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Issue of accession of Turkey in European Union (EU)  hurdles yet remain so delay occurs

Limited headway in Turkeyâs EU membership issue: German Chancellor Angela Merkel has assured Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan that efforts will continue in the European Union (EU) about the accession of Turkey to EU despite there being differences. Turkish warning: ...if this does not happen by 2023...

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European Union (EU) wins Noble Peace Prize  Big Boost in Crisis:

European Union (EU) wins Noble Peace Prize â Big Boost in Crisis: Â Even though European Union is struggling to save its single currency and is in crisis yet Noble Committee in Oslo took the long-term view of its contribution and it has decided in favour of European Union for Noble Peace Prize.

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Arab Leagues new efforts for peace deal between Israel and Palestine

Issue of land swap: It has proposed land swap between Israel and Palestinians as part of Israel-Palestine Agreement on the basis of pre-1967 lines. Variation from 2002 Arab Peace Initiative: This is a variation from 2002 Arab Peace Initiative as ...

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UN upgrades Palestinian State to Non-Member Observer State Category

The move: United Nations (UN) has upgraded the status of Palestinian State to Non-Member Observer State. Overwhelming Support: UN General Assembly voted 138 in favour, 9 opposing, and 41 abstaining from the voting. US and Israel disappointed: US called in âunfortunateâ while Israel said that ...

The dispute: There has been long pending dispute between Colombia and Nicaragua over the islets in the Caribbean Sea, these include Roncador, Quitasueno, Alburquerque, Bajo Nuevo, Serrana, Serranilla and Cayo Bolivar. The treaty: In the year 1928 itself these two countries had signed treaty in this regard ...

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3rd May 2013, World Press Freedom Day - Safe to Speak: Securing Freedom of Expression ...

The day: 3rd May is marked as the World Press Freedom Day all over the world. 20th anniversary: This is 20th anniversary of the day, which was declared by the United Nations. UN General Assembly declared May 3 in 1993 as the World Press Freedom Day.

Countries in conflict: China claims almost all the South China Sea sovereign rights, but Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan and Brunei have claims on parts of South China Sea. Strategic importance of trade: Around half of the worldâs total trade is through South China Sea, it is important strategically.

Countries in conflict: China claims almost all the South China Sea sovereign rights, but Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan and Brunei have claims on parts of South China Sea. Strategic importance of trade: Around half of the worldâs total trade is through South China Sea, it is important strategically.

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South China Sea: Conflict exists,1234

Protest Group(s): Pitak Siam, or Protect Thailand Group (Siam is old name for Thailand) is loyal to King Bhumibol Adulyadej and against government led by Yingluck Shinawatra PM of Thailand. Leader of the group: Present leader of this group is Boonlert Kaewprasit a retired Army General

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European intervention in Mali expands, UNSC also approves sending of international troops

Expanding role of EU: Now there is expansion of role of Irish and British soldiers in training of troops in Mali under European Union Training Mission (EUTM) to Mali. There is experience of working by these troops in Afghanistan, which is being used in Mali.

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Suspension of Mali ended from African Union (AU):

Mali was suspended from African Union (AU) after military coup which took place in March 2012. Even though suspension of Mali from African Union is ended yet African Union has favoured early elections and better peace and order in the country. United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has already passed a resolution for international military intervention ...

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India Japan Relations and visit of PM Manmohan Singh to Japan, the confluence of two seas  the Pacific and Indian Oceans

The Visit: This was Five-Day visit to Japan as well as Thailand, three-day visit to Japan, and two-day visit to Thailand. Visit to Japan: It was on the invitation of PM of Japan Shinzo Abe. There were discussions between the two countries on the civil nuclear deal, if inked the deal will allow Japan to export the nuclear reactors.

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Thailand visit of PM Manmohan Singh, and expanding Look East Policy of India

Look East Policy: PM Manmohan Singh said that Indiaâs Look East Policy could benefit the North Eastern States to a great extent. Agreements: In Bangkok, Seven agreements have been signed between India and Thailand including Extradition Treaty. People-to-People: There is Thailand-India Exchange Programm ...

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India and China sign agreements or docuements in mutiple fronts

India and China have signed some eight agreements/documents in various fronts including areas like Mansarovar Yatra, trade and commerce, feed ingredients, sewage treatment, irrigation technology, translation of classic and contemporary works, sharing hydrological information and facilitating linkage between cities and provinces.

Began on 19th May: It began on Sunday, 19th May 2013, it is expected to provide impetus to bi-lateral ties after the border row between the two countries. Four-nation visit: This is four-nation visit and countries include India, Pakistan, Switzerland and Germany. First: It is his first overseas tour as Chinese Prime Minister ...

Read More...

Can China and India come together? Can they change for themselves, for Asia, and for the World?

Conflict, yet much in common: In addition to the border conflict between the two countries, there is ... Yet the two countries have much to share in common. Both countries are ancient civilizations, both are major developing countries, both are members of BRICS and G 20, both are rising powers, combined population ...

Read More...

New heights and new dynamics in ASEAN  India Relations, 20th Year of Look East Policy of India

Indian visit of Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai and India and Afghanistan Relations

Afghanistan recognises Indiaâs Efforts: Karzai said during his visit, âPeople of Afghanistan have noticed Indiaâs contribution. They convey their deep, deep gratitude through meâ. Already India has made valuable contribution in reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan, though it refrained from sending its armed forces there.

Concluded on 10th November 2012: Prime Minister of Canada concluded his visit to India on 10th November 2012, which aimed at promotion of trade and investment opportunities included various other areas of cooperation. Way forward for Multi-track diplomacy: India is keen to make use of large Indian-origin ...

Major areas of cooperation between India and Australia: These include trade and investment, education, development, civil aviation, defence, counter terrorism efforts, and cultural exchange to cite some main ones. In these fronts not only there are efforts for making cooperation more intense ...

As compared to 2001 Census: Percentage of children of age 0 to 6 years has decreased as compared to 2001 census. Decline more in girls: This decline for this age group is more for girls as compared to the boys. Very low child sex ratio in some States: Some of the States have very low child sex ratio for example Haryana has 830, Punjab 846, Jammu and Kashmir 859, Delhi 866 etc to cite some few. Child sex ratio in rural areas: Though Child Sex Ratio is rural areas is better than urban areas yet the decline in rural areas is more than the urban areas. Female infant mortality: In all major States, female infants have higher mortality rate than male infants. Concern in rural areas: Malnutrition of children below five years of age is more in rural areas as compared to urban areas. Anaemia was also found to be more prevalent in the rural areas as compared to the urban areas. Less enrolment of girls: Even though female-male ratio has been improving over the years yet less number of girls are enrolled as compared to the boys in all the levels of education: primary, secondary and higher education. Child labour issue: In Sikkim out of overall Labourers percentage of child labourers employed are highest. Crime agianst children: There has been an increase in the crime against children over a period of time. Cases of kidnappings of children are much higher in Uttar Pradesh and Delhi.

Â Court kept in dark, coal scam report shared with the government: Supreme Court has found it âvery disturbingâ that status report of the CBI on coal blocks scam was shared with the Government of India, Ministry of Law and Justice, and the Court was kept in dark in this regard by the agency. Affidavit was filed on April 26: CBI Director Ranjit Sinha had filed affidavit in the Supreme Court on April 26th, and Sinha in his affidavit had accepted in the Court that CBIâs status report on the coal blocks allocation scam was âsharedâ with the Law Minister Ashwani Kumar and senior officers of the PMO and coal ministry, âas desired by themâ. Donât take instructions from âpolitical mastersâ says the Court: The Supreme Court has observed that this whole episode has âshaken the entire processâ and the agency should not take instructions from the political masters in the course of their investigation or probe. The Court said, âOur first exercise will be to liberate the CBI from political interferenceâ. Earlier Report was submitted in the Court on 12th March: Earlier, the CBI in the Supreme Court submitted the investigation report on March 12th, but the agency had concealed that it shared the report with the Government. The Court observed that such an act by the agency amount to âa total erosion of faithâ placed on the agency by the Court. Uproar in the Parliament: Opposition took up the issue in the Parliament and demanded the resignation of the Prime Minister, and resignation or sacking of Law Minister. Additional Solicitor General criticizes Attorney General: Additional Solicitor General Harin Ravel, in a letter, has accused Attorney General GE Vahanvati of trying to interfere in the CBIâs probe report on the coal scam. Multiple agencies of the government vetted the Report: As admitted by CBI Director Ranjit Sinha in the Court, the Report was vetted by the multiple agencies of the government that included Coal Ministry, Prime Ministerâs Office and Ministry of Law and Justice.

The issue and the Committee: Parliamentary Standing Committee on Food, Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution headed by Vilas Muttemwar which examined National Food Security Bill has favoured scrapping of âgeneralâ and âpriorityâ categorization in National Food Security Bill. The Bill proposed 7 kg food grain per person for priority household and 3 kg per person for general households. Thus the committee felt that population under Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) should be under single category rather than under two different categories. Population Coverage: The Committee has also asked for uniform food guarantee to some 75 per cent of rural population and 50 per cent of urban population. Under the new proposal around 67 per cent of the population is to made entitled for 5 kg of food grain under on category. Views on Direct Cash Transfer: The Committee felt, yet preparedness is not proper to bring the Direct Cash Transfer in place of food, rather there is a need to expand the banking infrastructure in far flung areas. Issue of financial burden: Such a move will reduce the financial burden of the government from 1,29,499.28 crore to 92,499.48 crore, the Committee felt. Discretion to States: However, the Committee felt that State Governments could be given some flexibility to extend the coverage beyond the limit prescribed. Need to improve infrastructure: The Committee also felt that to make the scheme a success Ministry of Railways, Department of Food and Public Distribution and Food Corporation of India should take the steps for improving the infrastructure. Socio-economic caste census: The Committee favoured that completion of socio-economic caste census should be expedited. Expanding anganwadi centers: The committee not only felt the need for increasing anganwadi centers but also making them more effective. Improving ICDS: It also felt that Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is not still equipped well for implementation of food security scheme.

BJP looses key southern State: Karnataka was the only southern State where BJP was in power that too goes to Congress. It has ramifications at national level for BJP. Advantage to Congress: Both the ways factors went to the advantage of Congress, one, there was three way division in the votes of BJP, two, Congress successfully used social engineering bringing together votes of OBCs, Dalits, and minorities. Obvious, BJP also faced strong anti-incumbency factor in the State that affected it.âAHINDAâ: The Social engineering combination used by Congress has been termed as AHINDA by Siddaramaiah that denotes âalpasankhyak or minorities, induliga or OBCs and Dalitsâ. Devraj Urs, in the State, adopted similar formula earlier. Vokkaligas and Lingayats: Though, Vokkaligas voted largely in favour of JD(S), due to exit of BS Yeddyurappa from BJP, some Lingayats did go to the Congress, and some to KJP. Voter turn out, and highest and lowest figures: Voting percentage was 70.23 per cent, with 77.59 per cent in the Bangalore Rural that was highest in the State, and 52.83 per cent in the Bangalore Urban that was lowest in the State. Voting and counting: Voting took place on 5th May and counting took place on 8th May 2013. Results as predicted: Various pre-poll and exit poll surveys had already predicted a Congress win, thus results were as predicted. For example, Tehelka-C-Voter predicted 114 seats for Congress, Public IV 119, Chanakya 132, Suvarna-CFore 119-120, CNN-IBN and the Week 117-129, CNN-IBN 100-116, and Mint 125-135 seats. Siddaramaiah: Mr Siddaramaiah who has taken over as the new Chief Minister in the State was instrumental, in the social engineering that benefitted the Congress. He is the 22nd Chief Minister of State. Booster for Congress: Scam ridden Congress, one after the other, is facing worst crisis of credibility, thus Karnataka win, after Himachal Pradesh, is big booster for it. Seats won: In 224 seat State Assembly elections were held in 223 (postponed in one due to death of the BJP candidate there), Congress won 121 seats, BJP 40, JD(S) 40, Karnataka Janata Paksha (KJP) of BS Yeddyurappa 5, BRS Congress 4, and rest were won by other parties and independents.

After Court observation, chaired by P. Chidambaram: After facing serious critical comments from Supreme Court over the issue of governmentâs interference in CBI functioning in Coal Scam case, a panel has been constituted to look into the issue of CBI autonomy chaired by Finance Minister P. Chidambaram. Other members: Others in the panel include Union Telecom Minister Kapil Sibal who has additional charge of Law Ministry, Foreign Minister Salman Khursid, and Minister of State, in PMO and MOS in Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, V Narayanasamy. Liaison Ministry for CBI: Liaison Ministry for CBI is Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions whose Cabinet Minister in-charge, mostly, is the Prime Minister. Though there could be, and normally is, Minister of State assisting the, the Prime Minister, in this Ministry. For example, presently there is Minister of State V Narayanasamy. Harsh critique: Supreme Court recently went to the extent of calling CBI a âcaged parrotâ taking orders from âpolitical mastersâ and changing âheartâ of Report in Coal Scam case due to intervention of the Government. The Court observed, âCBI has become a caged parrot. We canât have CBI a caged parrot speaking in masterâs voice. It is a sordid saga where there are many masters and one parrotâ. Corruption cases: In cases relating to Prevention of Corruption Act 1988, CBI is answerable to Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) under the provisions of CVC Act 2003. Post retirement appointments: There is also emerging concern on the post-retirement appointments of the CBI Directors, whether that could take to Government interference. For example, after retirement Ashwini Kumar was appointed as Governor of Nagaland, and AP Singh a member in the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). Additional dependence: CBI is also dependent on Union Home Ministry for supply of IPS officers as that Ministry is Cadre Controlling Authority for this service, and Ministry of Law and Justice for supply of law officers. Lacking political will: There is lacking political will for giving effective functional autonomy to the CBI. Now it remains to be seen whether, CBI really will be out of cage, or it really will be given suitable autonomy.

NIAS IAS News Analysis by Bhawani SinghLeadership Change Issue in China and top mechanism of Communist Party of China (CPC) :

Xi and LI re-appointed in Central Party Committee: Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping and Vice Premier Li Keqiang have been re-appointed to the Central Committee of Communist party of China. Preparation for top posts: Such steps are being taken as preparation for the top posts as Xi Jinping is expected to take over as the President, and Li Keqiang is expected to take over as the Prime Minister. Politburo Standing Committee: It exercises ultimate powers in Chinese Communist Party, and new Politburo Standing Committee is unveiled there. Central Committee, there, appoints/elects the members of Politburo Standing Committee, and 18th Central Committee today on 15th Nov 2012 elected this-new-one. âState of the Nationâ Work Report Approved: The Party showed the unity, and its Congress unanimously approved Huâs âState of the Nationâ Work Report. Hu Jintao is present President of China. Work Report warning: It has warned of corruption which is threatening the party as well as State or the Government, and it asks for the corrective steps. Five Years of leadership ahead: This 18th Communist Party of China Central Committee will lead the party for coming five years. General Secretary: Central Committee itself elects General Secretary of the Committee, and in the First Session of 18th Central Committee Xi Jinping is elected, the General Secretary. National Congress: This is held every five years and this is convened by the Central Committee of the Party. 18th National Congress: More than 2,200 delegates have participated in it, which started on 11th Nov 2012, Sunday, and it has concluded today on 15th Nov 2012, Thursday. Central Military Commission: Xi Jinping has been named as the chairman of the Communist Party of China Central Military Commission.

Power stay gets too long: Malaysia got independence from Britain in 1957, since then power stay of around 56 years, gets longer for ruling Barisan Nasional (National Front). Win with reduced majority: In 222 member Parliament, the party has won 133 seats, which is 7 less than the elections conducted in the year 2008. Voting for the elections took place on 5th May 2013. Rural votes and seats more go for BN: Rural votes and seats in these elections have more gone to ruling Barisan Nasional, while opposition Pakatan Rakyat significant gains in more urban States of Penang and Selangor.Â Chinese and Indian communities: They have gone for more support to Pakatan Rakyat rather than Barisan Nasional. Has job promise worked? Najib had promised some 3.3 million jobs for youth by 2020. Steps for elections: Various steps were taken under Election Offences Act 1954 for the State Authorities to check untoward incident.World watches: Many countries of the world (more so Australia) watched these elections with keen interest, even getting information from their High Commissions/Embassies in addition to Media, as the election outcome is important for their relations not only with Malaysia but also with South East Asia and East Asia. Yet Pakatan Rakyat gains: Its seats tally from earlier elections has improved, it has made inroads in BN bastions Johor, Sabah and Sarawak. Anwar Ibrahim bitter, now: Opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim had warned, earlier, that only fraud could stop him from scoring election win, he yet says elections are tainted. His party Pakatan Rakyat claims there are video proofs of such election fraud. They have also demanded independent investigation that elections were fair and impartial. Allegations of phantom voters: Opposition has raised allegations against ruling establishment for committing electoral malpractice of phantom voters for which, they say, even foreigners have been used.

Countries in conflict: China claims almost all the South China Sea sovereign rights, but Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan and Brunei have claims on parts of South China Sea. Resource importance of disputed parts: Disputed parts of South China Sea also have the prospects of natural gas and oil reserves. Delay in resolving dispute hindrance in becoming EU-like Community: As there are efforts for converting the region into EU-like community but delays in resolving the dispute are hindering such move. Wen Jibabo was assertive: In his visit to Cambodia, recently, Chinaâs Prime Minister Wen Jibabo was assertive of rights of China in South China Sea. US adopts soft diplomacy: US President Barack Obama preferred a milder course when he asked ASEAN countries and China to resolve the South China Dispute but did not come with any strong backing to ASEAN countries which could create strain in its relations with China.Â Australia for all for peaceful resolution but does not takes sides: Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard favoured all peaceful resolution to the dispute but did not take side with countries engaged in the conflict. Even some discontent within the group: Some discontent emerged within ASEAN as Cambodia preferred to short cut or skip the issues but Philippines President Benigno Aquino was all for raising the issue more effectively. Philippines protests: Philippines also sent a letter of protest to Cambodia when Foreign Minister of Cambodia said that Philippines has agreed not internationalize the maritime dispute with China. Closed door discussions between China and Philippines: Closed door discussions took place between China and Philippines on the issue but hardly any problem solving headway. Some other countries emphasised on a peaceful resolution of the matter.Â

Â On 7th Dec 2012: GMR Group handsover the Male International Airport to Maldives Government. GMR Group was engaged in the modernization of the Male International Airport, along with Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad (MAHB). Now Government of Maldives gives it to Maldives Airports Company Limited (MACL).Â Singapore Supreme Courtâs ruling: Already Singapore Court of Appeal (in Supreme Court) ruled that Maldives Government has authority to take back the airport. Cancelling the $511 million airport development contract, Chief Justice of Singapore Sundaresh Menon said, âThe Maldivian Government has the power to do what it wants, including expropriating the airportâ. Earlier Stay: Earlier GMR had got the stay order from Singapore High Curt but Maldives Government said its decision was ânon-reversible and non-negotiableâ. In the contract: The court there is acting as an arbitrator between GMR backed consortium GMIAL and the Government of Maldives. Under the contract in case of differences between the parties on contract law either of Singapore or Britain was to apply. Contract allocation: It was during the Presidency of Mohamed Nasheed that June 2010 GMR was awarded the contract for modernization. Compensation: Now Maldivian Government may be paying compensation to GMR groups as may be decided by the Supreme Court of Singapore. Maldives v. India: While Maldives maintains that it is just a business matter, in contrast Indian Government has taken considered view that it is fall out of political preferences and policy. Mohamed Nasheed âs views: Former President Mohamed Nasheed felt that Maldives was going Zimbabwe way where continuity of contracts defends on the political whims of the government. Allegations v. fairness:Â Though there have been some allegations against the contract but the International Finance Corporation found the contract as transparent and confirming to international standards. India sees foreign hand: India is also apprehensive of foreign hand in cancellation of this contract and such episode of the relationships.

More credible than earlier, yet threats: These elections in Pakistan can be taken more credible then earlier, as they are relatively fair, and without undue military intervention. Yet they were characterized by threats from terrorist and fundamentalist groups more so to the parties claiming to be secular. Democratic continuity: It is also a positive sign that, for the first time, transfer of power has taken place from one democratically elected Government to other through the election process. Eligible voters: Some 86 million voters were eligible to vote in these elections held on 11th May. Voter turnout was around 60 per cent despite threats from terror groups. Place of judiciary: As the democracy is getting strengthened, judiciary is also getting more strengthened and active. History of anti-incumbency: Pakistan has history of anti-incumbency, and it appears it also worked much this time. Third time, after tough time: After military coup, Sharif was first thrown in Jail then dispatched into exile for seven years. Circle turns upside down, now Musharraf is under arrest and facing trial, while Sharif becomes the Prime Minister for the third time. Social conservatism and economic progressivism: To garner the voter support, Sharif tried to bring these two traits together, and won elections. Humiliating defeat for PPP: Various former ministers of President Asif Ali Zardariâs Pakistan Peopleâs Party (PPP) were voted out in these elections. Its tally drops from 133 earlier to around one-fourth now. Core issues: Core issues that affected the election outcome include anti-incumbency factor, corruption, electricity, and law and order to cite more important ones. Big disappointment for Imran Khan yet a major political force: His fitting election symbol of cricked bat yet needs to wait for next elections to win the election match. His slogan of Naya Pakistan or New Pakistan also does not seem to have worked well. Still, his party, Pakistan Tehrik-i-Insaf (PTI) remains a major political force, it captures power in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and party stood second in large number of seats. Support needed: PML-N emerged as the single largest party, but bit blow clear majority, in 272-member National Assmebly yet needed support for majority, from smaller parities, like Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, and independents. Immediate concerns: These include energy, food, health, education, water, and regional peace. US and India congratulate: US President congratulated for "historic, peaceful and transparent transfer of civilian power", and Indian PM for "significant victory" for democracy.

Hits Bangladesh coast: On 17th May 2013, Tropical Cyclone Mahasen hit Khepupara on Bangladesh coast, and then it moved to ports of Chittagong and Coxâs Bazar. Impact: It flooded various low lying areas, some factories were to be closed, some people were killed, some trees were uprooted, large number of people had to be shifted (reportedly around one million), like this there was multi-fold impact. UN: UN Office for Coordination of Human Efforts (OCHA) provided support, and made coordination efforts. UN had warned that it could risk more than eight million people. Category 1 level: It was category 1 level cyclone, on 1-to-5 scale, which could create winds as high as 75 mph, already report were there of 62 mph in areas like Chittagong. Bangladesh authorities raised the danger level 7 out of 10 due to the cyclone. Origination: Initially it had originated, in early May, from an area of low pressure over the southern Bay of Bengal. Myanmar: The cyclone, still much spared Myanmar, though there were rains and on the Arakan Coast, there were high waves. Myanmarâs Law: It has law of protection from natural disasters, and it significantly empowers it in disaster management, including in shifting the people. Boats sinks off: It was evacuating people, it sunk off the western Myanmar, and around 50 people reportedly were killed. Refugee camps of Myanmar: Last year, due to outbreak of sectarian violence between Muslim minorities and Buddhists, nearly half of the displaced people were in refugee camps in coastal areas that was a major challenge. Earlier Nargis, in Myanmar: In 2008, due to Tropical Cyclone Nargis, large number of people were killed there in Irrawaddy Delta. TRMM: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) of NASA, also came out with significant details about the cyclone. Dissipates, but affects: Hitting inland, and significantly affecting Bangladesh, impacting Myanmar, it dissipated over eastern India. It weakened and moved to Sitakunda and Feni regions in Bangladesh and Tripura in Northeast part of India. It was also expected to reach Odishaâs Paradip Coast and Gangetic West Bengal. In Sri Lanka and Thailand as well there was significant impact on weather. Nature fear and nature favour: In Patuakhali district, Bangladesh, a baby born in a shelter, was named after the cyclone with the belief of people, that it will please nature and protect them. After it dissipation, even Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina asked people to âoffer thanksgiving prayersâ. Steps, further: Bangladesh has already provided some 1400 cyclone-proof buildings, more such steps are needed.

Expanding role of EU: Now there is expansion of role of Irish and British soldiers in training of troops in Mali under European Union Training Mission (EUTM) to Mali. There is experience of working by these troops in Afghanistan, which is being used in Mali. Idea of Human Rights Training: EUTM has also come out with the idea of human rights training to Malian troops so that human rights violations are checked. UNSC approves sending international troops: United Nations Security Council has on 25th April 2013 approved sending international troops who are to take over from French and African troops. Take over may take bit time: Though this take over is expected to begin on 1st July 2013, but the Council, still, will have to see whether the time is appropriate for this take over. Military coup earlier: In March 2012, there took place military coup in Mali but northern part of Mali was in control of various militant groups. Demoralized Malian Army: There was a time that demoralized Malian troops took up their uniforms and fled from the scene. Islamist forces had captured even stratic town of Konna, January 2013. French involvement: There came out active French involvement or military intervention, in January 2013, after some debacle of Malian army. Operation Serval was launched there by French troops, on request of Mali\'s Government, they also got suport from some African countries/organizations.Â US, EU and international suspicion: There has been suspicion on the part of international community including US and European Union that in North Mali Islamist rebels are engaged in Al-Qaeda related terrorist activities. AU and ECOWAS efforts: African Union (AU) supported a move for international troops deployment of Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS). Bit about Mali: Mali is a West African country with capital Bamako, and it was under French rule till 1960, when it got independence from France.

The suspension of Mali and revocation: Mali was suspended from African Union (AU) after military coup which took place in March 2012. Even though suspension of Mali from African Union is ended yet African Union has favoured early elections and better peace and order in the country. Internal efforts for negotiation and settlement are continuing there, yet conditions are far from satisfactory. African Union Commissionâs (AUC) efforts: AUC is also considering the deployment of African-led international forces there for restoration of democracy and public order. UNSC Resolution: United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has already passed a resolution for international military intervention and it supports bringing African-led forces guided by it but in planned and strategic manner. What USÂ suspicts? US on its parts suspects al-Qaeda activities there, thus is keen to intervene and support international military intervention. Mali is much internal conflict ridden and present regime lost control in significant part of north. Basics about Mali: It is landlocked West African country, and its capital is Bamako. It was under French rule till 1960 when it got independence from France. It is relatively more agrarian country, also dependent on fisheries, with relatively more poverty prevailing there. It has different ethnic groups but around half of the population is that of ethnic group Mande. It had one-party rule, then it brought multi-party democratic system, but in March 2012 there was a military coup. Bordering with Mali are: west â Senegal, northwest â Mauritania, northeast â Algeria, east â Niger, North â Burkina Faso, Cote dâIvoire and Guinea.

Limited headway in Turkeyâs EU membership issue: German Chancellor Angela Merkel has assured Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan that efforts will continue in the European Union (EU) despite there being differences. Turkish warning: Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has clearly warned that if this does not happen by 2023 then EU could miss Turkey from its fold. Compulsions of EU: If that happens then it could be quite problematic for EU and USA as there remains a possibility that Turkey could come closer to Russia and even Iran. Right now one thing goes to the advantage of EU and that is the issue of tense and even conflict ridden relations between Turkey and Syria.Â Turkey feels frustrated with the issue: But what is more frustrating for Turkey that no other country is kept waiting as long as the case of Turkey. Despite, otherwise good relations with Turkey some prominent member countries of the EU have not been that warm about admitting Turkey as full member in EU. Hindrances yet remain: However, there comes one other hindrance, European Commission (EC) feels that still issues like Human Rights, Right to Information and Freedom of Speech and Expression are not at that level that in Turkey that they come at par with standards of EU. But Turkey on its part feels that in last one decade it has done much in various matters including rights of minorities, property rights, bringing transparency etc to cite some few. There is Cyprus issue as well while South Cyprus is member of EU but in 1974 North Cyprus was occupied by Turkey.

European Union (EU) wins Noble Peace Prize â Big Boost in Crisis: Â Even though European Union is struggling to save its single currency and is in crisis yet Noble Committee in Oslo took the long-term view of its contribution and it has decided in favour of European Union for Noble Peace Prize. Long-Term View rather than focus on crisis in near past: Noble Committee appreciated how the European Union brought together and kept together historical foes like Germany and France. Thorbjorn Jagland head of Noble Committee shrugged off European Union woes, instead appreciated its long contribution for peace in the region. Â Big Confidence Booster for EU: Whether criticized by skeptics or appreciated by supporters, it is a big boost to the confidence lacking European Union today. Crisis yet EU made valuable contribution: Expansion of the European Union with the accession of Greece, Spain and Portugal is also important its important contribution. Jose Manuel Barroso, head of the European Commission treated this award as the award to the European Citizens. EUâs contribution to ethnically based national conflicts is appreciable for example its role in Balkans. It has also made important contribution to âHuman Rights and Democracyâ in some countries for example Turkey. A Reminder for Unity and Continuity: When the European Union is internally divided on how to overcome the debt crisis in its member countries, it is a reminder that unity of European Union is still much important.

Â Issue of land swap: It has proposed land swap between Israel and Palestinians as part of Israel-Palestine Agreement on the basis of pre-1967 lines. Variation from 2002 Arab Peace Initiative: This is a variation from 2002 Arab Peace Initiative as in that there was a proposal for two-state solution and pressure for complete Israeli withdrawal, and making East Jerusalem the Palestinian Capital. It was expected to lead for comprehensive peace with Israel. UN General Assembly Resolution 194: It also offered solution to refugee problem â Arab world takes it as Palestinian Refugees right to return to Israel. Beirut Summit 2002: It was in this Summit that Arab Peace Initiative was launched. Land occupation by Israel: Israel had occupied in the 1967 Middle East War, and there had been pressure on Israel, earlier, from Arab League to return to pre-1967 boundaries. Israel for negotiations but cautious: Israel has responded positively but with caution, instead of direct reaction from PM Netanyahu, there was a cautious reaction from Prime Ministerâs Office. Palestinian Authority also cautious: The Authority has voiced the support for Arab Peace Initiative, as well as implementation of international law by Israel. Differences within Palestinians: Though Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas does not rule out the possibility of small land swaps, yet there are groups opposing it for example Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Group. Peace obstacles: Ongoing constructions in the disputed areas by Israel and imprisonment of large number of Palestinians in Israeli jails are also main obstacles besides others. Time for action: UN Chief said in message, on the Question of Palestine, in UN International Meeting, âNow is the time for concerted actionâ. US pressed for peace: US Secretary of State John Kerry has visited the Middle East three time after taking the post, and US is pressing for the peace in the region. There are also talks between Arab League and US on the issue. Arab league stance of Land Swap has been termed as âa very big step forward by USâ.

The move: United Nations (UN) has upgraded the status of Palestinian State to Non-Member Observer State. Overwhelming Support: UN General Assembly voted 138 in favour, 9 opposing, and 41 abstaining from the voting. US and Israel disappointed: US called in âunfortunateâ while Israel said that it will push the peace negotiations âbackwardâ. What Palestinians gain? Then right of two State solution is preserved and even strengthened, even Palestinian Authority could start telling world as âcountry under occupationâ due to Israeli aggression. Palestinians will also gain greater access to international organizations or forums. Earlier status: Earlier its status was permanent observer âentityâ, now it gets upgraded to Non-Member State status. Though earlier status was given in 1974, but that position was not formally provided in the UN Charter, instead it more flowed from precedent. Two pronged strategy of Abbas: As from 2011 Arab Spring swept the region Abbas did not expect much headway with Israel instead he concentrated mainly on two issues, one, statehood issue of Palestinian, two, relationships with Hamas. Abbas is in helm in Fatah-controlled West Bank. Why Non-Member Status not Full Member Status? Full Member Status could have been vetoed in the United Nations Security Council, what US for obvious reasons was certain to do so. Any other Non-Member State: Currently this status is also held by Vatican in the United Nations. What opponents wanted? Palestinian Authority itself was created by 1993 Oslo Peace Accord between Israel and Palestinian Liberation Organization. Opponents to this move wanted that new state should come out under this accord by negotiations between the countries.

The dispute: There has been long pending dispute between Colombia and Nicaragua over the islets in the Caribbean Sea, these include Roncador, Quitasueno, Alburquerque, Bajo Nuevo, Serrana, Serranilla and Cayo Bolivar. The treaty: In the year 1928 itself these two countries had signed treaty in this regard so that this maritime border problem is solved yet the dispute between the two continued. The verdict: International Court of Justice, UNâs Apex Court, has given a ruling that disputed islands in the Caribbean are of Colombia, and the Court rejected the claims of Nicaragua. However maritime borders are also redrawn by the Court and Nicaraguan area is expanded. New borders set: The Court has set new borders and Colombia gets more control over the seabed around the islets and islands. Colombia not as satisfied: Yet Colombia is not as satisfied as the Court also moved the borders westward which also gives Nicaragua more sea territory. Case pending since 2001 but conflict much longer: This case has been pending in the International Court of Justice when Nicaragua had first filed the claims, but this conflict between Colombia and Nicaragua existed since long. 2007 Ruling: The Court had ruled in 2007, the dispute between these two countries, that three larger islands of San Andres, Providencia and Santa Catalina belonged to Colombia. Location of cluster of islands: These cluster of islands are around 700 km from Colombian Coast but only about 200 km from Nicaragua. Profile of Colombia and Nicaragua: Colombia, fourth largest country in South America, has Caribbean Sea in the North and Pacific Ocean in the West. Nicaragua is largest country of Central American Isthmus with Caribbean Sea in east and Pacific Ocean in the West.

The day: 3rd May is marked as the World Press Freedom Day all over the world. 20th anniversary: This is 20th anniversary of the day, which was declared by the United Nations. UN General Assembly declared May 3 in 1993 as the World Press Freedom Day. Theme: The theme of World Press Freedom Day 2013 is âSafe to Speak: Securing Freedom of Expression in All Mediaâ. Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Article 19 of these contains right to freedom of expression. Highest media freedom: Countries with highest freedom include, Finland, Netherlands and Norway. Worst in media freedom: Countries standing extremely low in the media freedom are Turkmenistan, North Korea and Eritrea, Iran and Syria. Ban Ki-moon speaks: Un Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said, âWhen it is safe to speak, the whole world benefitsâ. UNESCO figures: According to figures brought out by UNESCO, more than 600 journalists have been killed in the past decade, and nine out of ten cases of killing of journalists go unpunished. Rabat, Morocco: It is here, that UNESCO is organizing a three-day event to mark the 20th anniversary of World Freedom Day. Right to Information: Freedom of speech and expression as well as freedom of press is much dependent on the Right to Information, which should be strengthened. Offline v. Online Rights: UN Human Rights Council in June 2012 affirmed that as people have offline rights same rights should be available online. UNESCO and OHCHR: Both are committed for promotion of freedom of press as UNESCOâs Constitution provides for âfree exchange of ideas and knowledgeâ and Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) is also committed for freedom of opinion and expression. Freedom House Report: Out of 197 countries studied by it, 63 have been rated as free, 70 as partly free, and 64 as not free.Â Need for legislations: There should be legislations in various countries confirming to UN Plan of Action on Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity.

NIAS IAS News Analysis by Bhawani SinghNew heights and new dynamics in ASEAN  India Relations, 20th Year of Look East Policy of India:

PMâs visit adds new Chapter: Recent visit of Indian Prime Minister Man Mohan Singh to Phnom Penh, Cambodia, for 10th ASEAN â India meet has added a new chapter in ASEAN â India relations, in areas of diverse partnership. 20th Year of Indiaâs Look East Policy: This is 20th year of Indiaâs Look East Policy, and 10th Summit Level Partnership. Partnership areas outlined in Bali Summit: In Bali Summit, in Indonesia, in 2011, Prime Minister Man Mohan Singh had emphasised on some important areas of partnership, these include security issues, maritime security, counter-terrorism, training exercises, cooperation and information sharing in matters of disaster management amongst others. India to host ASEAN-India Commemorative Summit: India will be hosting Special ASEAN-India Commemorative Summit from December 20, 2012 to December 21, 2012, in New Delhi. Liberalization of visa regime: Efforts have been made for liberalization of the visa regime between India and ASEAN countries that will expand the economic-trade-tourism opportunities for citizens of these countries. Connecting ASEAN â India by Sea, Surface and Air Links: ASEAN-India Car rally is there, and there is sailing expedition of Indian Naval Ship Sudarhshini. Car rally will be flagged off in Jakarta on Nov 26 and it will traverse through Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar, and it will enter India from Moreh in Imphal on December 16, and it will end up in Delhi on December 20. Trilateral Highway: This is being built between Myanmar, Thailand and India, and the roadway is to be completed by end of 2016. This trilateral highway will connect Moreh in Manipur, India with Mae Sot in Thailand. Agri-Expo held in Dimapur, Nagaland: In it there was a launch of new letter on agriculture, and the event was attended by diplomats from ASEAN countries.

Karzai met Indian President, Prime Minister and External Affairs Minister: Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai met the Indian Prime Minister Man Mohan Singh, and External Affairs Minister Salman Khurshid in November 2012. Four agreements signed: In diverse areas four agreements were signed, these areas include: mines, fertilizers, youth affairs and development projects. $2 billion Indian assistance: India will provide $2billion development and infrastructure assistance to Afghanistan. Diverse support: India is going to provide research and scientific assistance to Afghanistan and both the countries will be working on Economic Partnership Agreement. Afghanistan looked for more Indian investment: Afghanistan is looking forward for more Indian investment there, and other support. Addressing business leaders Karzai said, âIf you donât arrive on the red carpet it will get dustyâ. Issue of Pakistan: Issue of relationships with Pakistan has been discussed between the two countries. Other important matters taken up include strategic partnership agreement, troop training and the regional situation. Strategic Partnership Agreement 2011: It was signed for further promotion of trade, security, cultural and other relations. India â Afghanistan relations get more important: India and Afghanistan relations get more important as US led-NATO forces are preparing to withdraw from Afghanistan. International troops will pull out in the year 2014 from Afghanistan. Afghanistan recognised Indiaâs Efforts: Karzai said, âPeople of Afghanistan have noticed Indiaâs contribution. They convey their deep, deep gratitude through meâ. Already India has made valuable contribution in reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan, though it refrained from sending its armed forces there. Partnership in mineral development: Afghanistan is rich in mineral resources and year back consortium of Indian companies won the right to develop largest iron ore deposit of Afghanistan.

Concluded on 10th November 2012: Prime Minister of Canada concluded his visit to India on 10th November 2012, which aimed at promotion of trade and investment opportunities included various other areas of cooperation. Way forward for Multi-track diplomacy: India is keen to make use of large Indian-origin community in Canada (around 1.5 million), on the other there are efforts like Bi-lateral CEOs Forum. Nuclear Civil Energy Cooperation: There seems headway, yet Canada is particular to see that it is not used for developing weapons, and it wants to have the trace of use of uranium supplied from Canada. Bilateral Trade: Both the countries aim to expand, this somewhat balanced trade in terms of exports and imports and there are related efforts. Investment and economic partnership: Efforts are underway for Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, and Canada is keen for Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement. Multiple areas of cooperation: These include trade and commerce, science and technology, education, mining, oil and natural gas, nuclear civil energy, agriculture, etc to cite main ones. Defence cooperation: For âBilateral Defence Technology Cooperationâ Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) is signed between Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and York University. Issue of âextremismâ: India has raised matter with Canadian side concerning Khalistan separatism and its apprehensions of financial or any other support from such disgruntled elements in Canada. Strategic Dialogue: This will be at Foreign Ministersâ Level and Structured Dialogue between Commerce Ministers. Clean Energy Process: Some Canadian industry being active in it, Canada looks forward to Indian potential market. G20: Both the countries are its members and they co-chair Working Group of G20 on a Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth. Â

Major areas of cooperation between India and Australia: These include trade and investment, education, development, civil aviation, defence, counter terrorism efforts, and cultural exchange to cite some main ones. In these fronts not only there are efforts for making cooperation more intense and expanded but also more organized. Annual Meetings and Ministerial Level Dialogue: Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard and Indian Prime Minister Man Mohan have agreed for annual meetings either bilaterally or during multilateral events. Both the countries have agreed for launching ministerial level dialogue on Energy Security, Partnership in Water Technology, and both are going to have negotiations for an Agreement on Transfer of Sentenced Persons. Australiaâs New Policy on Uranium Sale to India: Government of Australia has articulated new policy for uranium sale to India, and Australia recognises growing energy needs of India. Now there are going to be negations between the two countries for an âAgreement on Civil Nuclear Energy Cooperationâ. Significant bilateral trade and steps for Comprehensive Partnership Agreement: In the year 2011 â 2012 India and Australia had bilateral trade in goods of US$ 17.4 and both the countries are working and negotiating on Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. Australian Festival in India: Both the countries are expanding cultural relations and going for cultural exchange programmes. Australian Prime Minister has inaugurated Australian Festival in India. 2014 G20 Summit in Australia: 2014 G20 Summit will take place in Australia, Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard met Indian President Pranab Mukherji, and both emphasised on improving multilateral relations in addition to bilateral between the two counters.Â

Protocol on Pilgrimage (the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra) to the Tibet Autonomous Region: Both the countries have agreed to conduct the Yatra every year from May to September. Chinese side will further improve existing facilities and has agreed to assist in renting wireless sets and local SIM cards. Three working groups under the Joint Economic Group: These include: Service Trade Promotion Working Group; Economic and Trade Planning Cooperation; and, Trade Statistical Analysis. MoU on buffalo meat, fishery products and agreement on feed and feed ingredients: Aim is to strengthen mutual cooperation in trade and safety of buffalo meat, fishery products, and feed and feed ingredients, and to meet regulatory requirements with respect to safety and hygiene and quarantine. Cooperation in the field of sewage treatment: Cooperation is to be enhanced in the field of sewage treatment and experience sharing in the areas of mutual interest in the urban sector. MoU on Cooperation in the field of Water Efficient Irrigation: Aim is to enhance bilateral cooperation in related technology and exchange of best practices. MoU on Cooperation in Mutual Translation and Publication of Classic and Contemporary Works: It provides for atranslation of classic an Joint Working Group that will coordinate translation and publication of 25 books of classic and contemporary works of each side over a period of five years in Chinese and Indian languages respectively. MoU on provision of Hydrological Information of Yaluzangbu/Brahmaputra River in flood season by China to India: China will provide the information at 8.00 am and 8.00 pm (Chinese time) from June 1st to October 15 each year in respect of three hydrological stations on the mainstream Yaluzangbu/Brahmaputra river. Agreement to facilitate linkage between Indian and Chinese cities and states/provinces: Both have agreed to identify sister cities and sister states/provinces in India and China with a view to establish relationships between them in areas of mutual interest for enhancing greater people to people contacts. In addition: Trade turnover target by 2015 is put at US$ 100 billion, trade imbalance issue will be attended. Year 2014 is designated as âYear of Friendly Exchangesâ to mark 60th anniversary of Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.Â Yet delay in Border Defence Cooperation Agreement: Earlier China brought its proposal, India had some disagreements and concerns, then India gave its proposal to China, now China will study it. The contentious border issue remains far from being resolved.

Began on 19th May: It began on Sunday, 19th May 2013, it is expected to provide impetus to bi-lateral ties after the border row between the two countries. Four-nation visit: This is four-nation visit and countries include India, Pakistan, Switzerland and Germany. Thus, its importance is for Asia as well as Europe, concerning Chinese diplomacy. First: It is his first overseas tour as Chinese Prime Minister, number two position in Chinese Government. Dinner and ceremonial reception: Dinner is to be hosted by Indian PM and ceremonial reception is there at Rashtrapati Bhavan. India before Pakistan: Keeping India, before Pakistan, in his multi-nation visit also indicates the importance given by China for Indo-China relations. To Pakistan: From India, Li is to reach Pakistan on 22nd May. Diplomatic journey: Both the countries established their diplomatic ties in April 1950, since then there have been much ups and downs, twists and turns. Chinese border conflict: China is facing territorial disputes in land and water with various countries. Case in point is 20-day recent border row in Ladakh resolved on May 5th, and East China and South China Sea conflict with some nations. Chinese proposal: China proposed Border Defence Cooperation Agreement, on May 5, India made suggestions for inclusion in it. Trade and commerce: China is Indiaâs second largest trading partner, and India is Chinaâs largest in South Asia, and bilateral trade last year was US$66 billion. Yet, there is trade imbalance of US$ 28.87 billion in Chinese favour, and India wants market access in pharmaceuticals and IT. Delegation level talks: These are to be held at Hyderabad House, and some agreements may be inked. Joint Declaration: It is expected to be released at the end of Leeâs visit. âString of Pearlsâ: This, network of military and commercial facilities, is a major concern as China is planning to build in its sealine extending to mainland. Dams: Other concern for India is Chinese plans to build dams in Brahmaputra. Staple visas: Issue of staple visas by China for people from some parts of India is also a concern for India. For example, China issued stapled visas for Indian Kashmiris and normal visas to Pakistani Kashmiris. Chinese military infrastructure: It has been strengthened and upgraded, over a period of time, in Line of Actual Control (LAC). Tibet issue: Off-and-on Tibet issue also creates tension between the two countries, though India has avoided tensions over the issue. Vajpayeeâs visit: Then Indian PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee visited China in 2003. Jiabaoâs visit: Then Chinese PM Wen Jiabao visited India in 2010.Â

NIAS IAS News Analysis by Bhawani SinghCan China and India come together? Can they change for themselves, for Asia, and for the World?:

Conflict, yet much in common: Despite conflit in multiple fronts including more contentious border issue, the two countries have much to share in common. Both are ancient civilizations and developing countries, both are members of BRICS and G 20, both are rising powers of Asia and world, both have some common environmental interests, combined population of two more than 2.5 billion, and it is in the interest of both that there is peace in Asia, and both come together. Multi-track diplomacy: There are expanding prospects of multi track diplomacy, where very precious is people to people interaction. There is also growing interest amongst Indians for learning Chinese, and Chinese are getting more interested in Indian culture and dance. Pakistan factor: Much depends on outcome of Liâs visit to India, then after to Pakistan. Question remains, will China remain neutral and impartial in its relationships with the two countries without harming Indiaâs interests? Gwadar Port: Pakistan handed over the operations of Gwadar Port to China, and there were reports of presence of Chinese troops in Karakoram region of Pakistan. Did China side with Pakistan over Staple Visa issue? Issuing staple visas, putting stamps in pages stapled to passport rather than passport itself, to people from Kashmir, India, and normal visas to people from Pakistan Occupied Kashmiries also signifies that China sided with Pakistan on the border row between the two. Chinese wish list expands: Chinese wish list over a period of time has expanded now including issues like its claims in South China Sea. But there are issues as India has completed, now, 20-Years of Look East Policy, and aims at expanding the partnership with South East Asian countries, with some of which China has disputes like Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, etc. Multiple irritants: Multiple irritants exist in trust building and relationships: border dispute, Chinese military infrastructure in border, recent Chinese intrusion, relationships with South East Asian Nations, relations with US, restrictions on trade and commerce in some items, distrust between the two, Tibet issue, competition for regional influence, etc. String of pearls v. Chinese allegation of âIron Curtainâ: While India is concerned with Chinese String Pearls, China has alleged that India is building âIron Curtainâ in the Indian Ocean. IOR: Indiaâs expansion of maritime and naval power in Indian Oceanic Rim (IOR) is also in Chinese radar. Past v. Future: Problem in the diplomatic relations is, past overshadows the future, let us see in this case whether future will overshadow the past.

NIAS IAS News Analysis by Bhawani SinghIndia Japan Relations and visit of PM Manmohan Singh to Japan, the confluence of two seas  the Pacific and Indian Oceans:

The Visit to Japan, then to Thailand: This was Five-Day visit to Japan as well as Thailand, three-day visit to Japan, and two-day visit to Thailand. Visit to Japan: It was on the invitation of PM of Japan Shinzo Abe. There were discussions between the two countries on the civil nuclear deal, if inked the deal will allow Japan to export the nuclear reactors. But both the countries have also emphasized on nuclear safety as a priority of their governments. India also feels that civil nuclear energy cooperation with Japan will further strengthen non-proliferation regime. PM said, âThis visit marked a formal move in that directionâ. Exchange of notes: India and Japan have signed the Exchange of Notes for yen loan totaling US$ 424 billion. After change of government in Japan: After change of Government in Japan, with new Government in place led by PM Shinzo Abe, due to conduct of elections, there are efforts for expanding Strategic and Global Partnership. Rescheduling of visit: Indian PMâs visit to Japan was earlier scheduled for November last year but it was postponed due to the announcement of elections there in December. Japanese help: It is available for Mumbai-Delhi industrial corridor, and in Mumbai-Bangalore Corridor agreed interests are there of Japan, Thailand and Malaysia. Expanding cooperation: There is also cooperation through East Asia Summit and both the countries value and favour regional economic integration. Win-win partnership: India needs Japanese technology and investment, in turn India is offering opportunities for the growth and globalization of Japanese companies. In 2007: In 2007, also then Japanese PM Abe, in his Indian visit and address to Indian Parliament termed these relations as âthe confluence of two seasâ â the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Expanding look east: It started with economic emphasis but has expanded strategically. 2-plus-2 Dialogue: There is 2-plus-2 dialogue between foreign and Defence ministers, bilateral exercise with Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force. Comprehensive Partnership Agreement: This agreement was launched in 2011, and in 2012 both the countries signed an agreement for cooperation in the field of rare earths. Maruti-Suzuki: This collaboration has helped in the expansion of industrial development in India.

âLook Eastâ and âLook Westâ: There have been frequent high level visits between the two countries as the part of Indiaâs Look East Policy and Thailandâs Look West Policy, in Asia. Agreements: In Bangkok, Seven agreements have been signed between India and Thailand including Extradition Treaty. Other agreements include: MoU on Thailand â India Exchange Programme, MoU in the field of mapping and Geospatial Technology Applications, MoU on cooperation in the exchange of Financial Intelligence related to Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing, MoU on establishment of Hindi Chair at Thammasat University, and Proces-verbal of Exchange of Instrument of ratification of the Treaty of Transfer of sentenced Persons. Place of ties: India sees Thailand as key gateway to ASEAN Region and is seeking to elevate ties into âStrategic Partnershipâ. In 2004: Earlier in 2004, then PM Atal Vihari Vajpayee had visited Thailand, then after this is the first visit of the Indian PM. Important areas of partnership: Important areas of partnership between the two countries include space, extradition, Information Technology, education, financial intelligence, geo-politics, trilateral highway project involving India, Thailand and Myanmar. Science and technology, Defence, education, culture, etc. Two way trade: Two-way trade between the two countries reached to $9.2 billion in 2012-13. Growth in trade: Over the past five years, trade between India and Thailand has grown at over 15 per cent per annum. Thailand-India Business Forum: It is expected to expand the existing ties between the private sector in the two countries. Social Security Agreement: Positive discussions have taken place in this regard, and this will streamline the movement of professionals and workers between the two countries. FTA Negotiations: There is progress, earlier negotiations took place in November 2012, next round will be in June-July 2013 in Bangkok. Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement: There were discussions on ASEAN-India Agreement on Trade and Services, and Agreement on Investment, under it. Defence and Security Cooperation: Thai Defence Minister visited India in December 2012, efforts for Defence Dialogue were in February 2013, Indian Defence Minister visited Thailand in June 2013, there is coordinated patrol (CORPAT) by India Navy and Royal Thai Navy. People-to-People: There is Thailand-India Exchange Programme to expand people-to-people contacts in cultural and other fields.