...Rome was Ammianus Marcellinus, a Greek who wrote in Latin for the Roman aristocracy; of his Res gestae, the most completely preserved part describes the period from 353 to 378. The works of Sextus Aurelius Victor and Eutropius, who ably abridged earlier historical works, are fairly accurate and more reliable than the Scriptores historiae Augustae, a collection of imperial......

...pen company, the first of its kind in the country, was established in Camden in 1860; the Campbell Soup Company plant was opened there in 1869 and started marketing condensed soups in 1897. The Victor Talking Machine Company, founded in 1894 and purchased by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in 1929, further developed the phonograph in Camden and manufactured it there for more than......

...(1981) came next. A savage lampooning of the film industry, it received a mixed response from critics, who were much more in agreement with their general praise for Victor/Victoria (1982), which received a clutch of Academy Award nominations. It was based on a 1933 German film and starred Andrews as a starving performer in 1930s Paris who poses as a......

The largest water lilies are those of the tropical South American genus Victoria, comprising two species of giant water lilies. The leaf margins of both the Amazon, or royal, water lily (V. amazonica, formerly V. regia) and the Santa Cruz water lily (V. cruziana) have upturned edges, giving each thickly veined leaf the appearance of a large, shallow pan 60 to 180 cm......

...the Three Hills,” but in fact, the island has numerous conical knolls, which resemble extinct volcanoes. Gozo is not only hillier but also greener than the island of Malta. Its principal town, Victoria, also called Rabat, stands near the middle of the island on one of a cluster of steep hills in an intensively cultivated area. The megalithic temple Ggantija, to the east of Victoria, is......

island, East Malaysia, 6 miles (10 km) off northwestern Borneo in the South China Sea. Commanding the entrance to Brunei Bay, it is roughly triangular. Its chief town, Victoria, on the southeastern coast, is a free port whose deep, well-sheltered harbour is the principal transshipment point for the state of Brunei, northern Sarawak, and much of western Sabah. Low-lying and well-cultivated, the......

state of southeastern Australia, occupying a mountainous coastal region of the continent. Victoria is separated from New South Wales to the north by the Murray River for a length of about 1,065 miles (1,715 km) and by an additional boundary of some 110 miles (180 km) linking Cape Howe and the nearest source of the Murray. ...

city, capital of British Columbia, Canada, located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island between the Juan de Fuca and Haro straits, approximately 60 miles (100 km) south-southwest of the province’s largest city, Vancouver. Victoria is the largest urban area on the island. It has the mildest winter clim...

in Roman religion, personification of victory, the equivalent of the Greek goddess Nike. She was often associated with Jupiter, Mars, and other deities and was especially worshipped by the army. In later times she had three or four sanctuaries at Rome, including a temple on the Palatine Hill and an altar in the Senate House....

town and capital of the Republic of Seychelles, located on the northeastern coast of Mahé Island, the largest island in the Seychelles group. Victoria is the only port of the archipelago and the only town of any size in Seychelles. Some one-third of the people of Mahé Island live in Victoria. The port has deep water for large ships and is capable of accommodating several vessels...

queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901) and empress of India (1876–1901). She was the last of the house of Hanover and gave her name to an era, the Victorian Age. During her reign the English monarchy took on its modern ceremonial character. She and her husband, Prince Consort Albert o...

French carriage, named for Queen Victoria at least by 1844, and renowned for its elegance. It was first imported into England by the Prince of Wales in 1869, where it rapidly gained popularity. It was usually pulled by one or two horses....

city, seat (1836) of Victoria county, southern Texas, U.S. It lies along the Guadalupe River, some 85 miles (135 km) northeast of Corpus Christi. Founded in 1824 by Spanish settlers under Martín de León, it was named to honour both Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Jesus Victoria (Our Lady of Guadalupe) and Guadalupe Victoria, the first Mexican...

densely populated urban area in Hong Kong, a special administrative region of China. It lies on the north shore of Hong Kong Island, across a strait from Kowloon on the Chinese mainland, with which it is connected by ferry and by automobile and mass transit railway tunnels. Victoria is the chief administrative, commercial, and cultural centre of Hong Kong and is the headquarters...

The largest water lilies are those of the tropical South American genus Victoria, comprising two species of giant water lilies. The leaf margins of both the Amazon, or royal, water lily (V. amazonica, formerly V. regia) and the Santa Cruz water lily (V. cruziana) have upturned edges, giving each thickly veined leaf the appearance of a large, shallow pan 60 to 180 cm......

British museum that houses what is generally regarded as the world’s greatest collection of the decorative arts. It is located in South Kensington, London, near the Science Museum and the Natural History Museum....

The opening of the Alfred Dock in 1870 led to renewed development along the shore. The breakwater was lengthened and piers were built in 1890–95, and the newly sheltered area was named Victoria Basin. Dredging for the Duncan Dock, built between 1938 and 1945 to accommodate larger vessels, and for the Ben Schoeman Dock in 1977, resulted in the reclamation of 480 acres (194 hectares) along......

inlet, Sea of Japan, northwestern Pacific Ocean, in the Maritime (Primorye) region of far eastern Russia. The bay extends for 115 miles (185 km) from the mouth of the Tumen River (on the Russian-Chinese border) northeast across to Cape Povorotny. The bay reaches inland for 55 miles (88 km) and contains the port of Vladivostok, which is situated on the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula between Amur and Us...

...later, missionary to American Indians. He founded the first non-Anglican school to receive a royal charter in Canada, the Upper Canada Academy at Cobourg, Ontario, in 1836. The school was renamed Victoria College in 1841, and he was its principal....

Prior to 1952, Alexandria had a large number of private schools supported by various national and religious communities. Perhaps the most notable among these was Victoria College, an elite British institution founded in 1902. Its many famous students have included the Arab nationalist historian and advocate George Antonius (1891–1942) and King Ḥussein of Jordan....

the highest decoration for valour in the British armed forces, awarded for extreme bravery in the face of the enemy. It was instituted in 1856 by Queen Victoria at the request of her consort, Prince Albert. The first crosses were awarded during the Crimean War. In 1858, new statutes allowed the Victoria Cross to be conferred for gallantry when not in the presence of the enemy; instances of this we...

...South American genus Victoria, comprising two species of giant water lilies. The leaf margins of both the Amazon, or royal, water lily (V. amazonica, formerly V. regia) and the Santa Cruz water lily (V. cruziana) have upturned edges, giving each thickly veined leaf the appearance of a large, shallow pan 60 to 180 cm (about 2 to 6 feet) across and accounting for its.....

Canadian holiday on which the British sovereign’s birthday is celebrated. In 1845, during the reign of Queen Victoria, May 24, the queen’s birthday, was declared a holiday in Canada. After Victoria’s death in 1901, an act of the Canadian Parliament established Victoria Day as a legal holiday, to be celebrated on May 24 (or on May 25 when May 24 fell on a Sunda...

...by contemporary events and the poetry of Homer, Horace, and Virgil, soon brought him recognition as an outstanding spokesman of the liberation movement. The ode for which he is best remembered, La victoria de Junín: Canto a Bolívar (1825; “The Victory at Junín: Song to Bolívar”), commemorates the decisive battle won there by the forces of the......

...Judaszów (1600; “Judas’s Sack”), also in Polish, is a satiric and didactic work on the low life of Lublin. In the satirical and didactic Latin poem Victoria deorum (1587; “The Victory of the Gods”) Klonowic contends that true nobility depends not upon birth but upon character....

spectacular waterfall located about midway along the course of the Zambezi River, at the border between Zambia to the north and Zimbabwe to the south. Approximately twice as wide and twice as deep as Niagara Falls, the waterfall spans the entire breadth of the Zambezi River at one of its widest points (more than 5,500 feet...

township, northwestern Zimbabwe. It is located on the south bank of the Zambezi River adjacent to Victoria Falls, the greatest waterfall in Africa. The town faces Livingstone (Maramba), Zambia, across the river. The first storage and rest huts in the original village were built in 1898 by Albert Giese. The township was founded in conjunction with the construct...

In 1901 Freeman joined a London firm of consulting engineers, later known as Freeman, Fox & Partners. His works include the Victoria Falls Bridge over the Zambezi River, on the border of present-day Zimbabwe and Zambia; the Royal Naval Propellant factory built during World War II; the Furness shipbuilding yard in Lancashire; and five major bridges in southern Africa. He also prepared......

...and dairy products. Limestone quarrying and lumbering are also undertaken, and tourism based on nearby Naracoorte Caves National Park (established 2001) is an added source of income. In the park’s Victoria Fossil Cave, a rich deposit of fossil bones was discovered in 1969; the fossil chamber is estimated to contain more than 5,000 tons of bone-laden sediment, including the remains of the giant....

...Sunset Peak. Extending southeastward from Mount Tai Mo, the Kowloon Peak attains an elevation of 1,975 feet (602 metres), but there is an abrupt drop to about 650 feet (198 metres) at Devil’s Peak. Victoria (Hong Kong) Harbour is well protected by mountains on Hong Kong Island that include Victoria Peak in the west, which rises to 1,810 feet (552 metres), and Mount Parker in the east, which......

second largest island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Divided administratively between the Northwest Territories and the territory of Nunavut, it is separated from the mainland on the south by Dolphin and Union Strait, Coronation Gulf, Dease Strait, and Queen Maud Gulf. It is about 320 miles (515 km) long and 170–370 miles (270–600 km) wide, with an area o...

distrito (district) of the Lima-Callao metropolitan area of Peru, south of downtown Lima. It is mainly residential, with slums in the north, pueblos jóvenes (“young towns”), or squatter settlements, in the east, and middle-income housing in the south. The district is the site of Peru’s largest wholes...

largest lake in Africa and chief reservoir of the Nile, lying mainly in Tanzania and Uganda but bordering on Kenya. Its area is 26,828 square miles (69,484 square km). Among the freshwater lakes of the world, it is exceeded in size only by Lake Superior in North America...

physical region in eastern Antarctica, bounded by the Ross Sea (east) and Wilkes Land (west) and lying north of the Ross Ice Shelf. It was discovered in 1841 by a British expedition led by Sir James Clark Ross, and it was named for Queen Victoria. It consists largely of snow-covered mountains, with heights up to 13,668 feet (4,166 metres) and a network of outlet glaciers draining the adjacent East...

The main physical characteristic of the island of Malta is a well-defined escarpment that bisects it along the Victoria Lines Fault running along the whole breadth of the island from Point ir-Raħeb near Fomm ir-Riħ Bay to the coast northeast of Għargħur at Madliena Fort. The highest areas are coralline limestone uplands that constitute a triangular plateau; Ta’ Żuta,......

...has Corinthian columns. The beautiful column of the Sahid Minar (Ochterlony Monument) is 165 feet (50 metres) high—its base is Egyptian, its column Syrian, and its cupola in the Turkish style. Victoria Memorial Hall represents an attempt to combine classical Western influence with Mughal architecture; the Nakhoda Mosque is modeled on the tomb of the Mughal emperor Akbar at Sikandra; the......

...has Corinthian columns. The beautiful column of the Sahid Minar (Ochterlony Monument) is 165 feet (50 metres) high—its base is Egyptian, its column Syrian, and its cupola in the Turkish style. Victoria Memorial Hall represents an attempt to combine classical Western influence with Mughal architecture; the Nakhoda Mosque is modeled on the tomb of the Mughal emperor Akbar at Sikandra; the......

...and widest part of a mountain arc that stretches northward from the Arakan Mountains to the Patkai Range. They vary from 7,000 to 10,000 feet (2,100 to 3,000 metres) and reach a high point in Mount Victoria (10,150 feet [3,100 metres]). At the Myanmar-India frontier, the Chin Hills adjoin the Mizo Hills and the Manipur Hills of the Purvachal, or Eastern Highlands, of India. Demarcated by......

...in the extreme south of North Island. It lies on the shores and hills surrounding Wellington Harbour (Port Nicholson), an almost landlocked bay that is ranked among the world’s finest harbours. Mount Victoria rises 643 feet (196 metres) near the centre of the city. Wellington is in a fault zone and has survived several earthquakes....

...Pacific Ocean. Its name means “Great Fiji.” Sighted (1789) by Capt. William Bligh of HMS Bounty, the island is split by a central mountain range with many inactive volcanoes. Tomanivi (formerly Mount Victoria), the highest point in Fiji, rises to 4,344 feet (1,324 metres). The mountain range divides the island climatically into a wet southeastern section (120 inches......

major Australian art museum, located in Melbourne, Victoria, with collections ranging over European, Asian, and Australian art of all periods. The museum was once housed entirely in the Victorian Arts Centre, with a Great Hall featuring a dramatic stained-glass ceiling by Leonard French, a Melbourne artist. The building was designed in the late 1960s by Sir Roy Grounds. To facil...

river in Uganda that forms the upper section of the Nile River, flowing some 300 miles (480 km). It issues from the northern end of Lake Victoria at Ripon Falls (now submerged), west of Jinja, and flows northwest over the Nalubaale and Kiira dams at Owen Falls, through Lake Kyoga, and ...

largest lake in Africa and chief reservoir of the Nile, lying mainly in Tanzania and Uganda but bordering on Kenya. Its area is 26,828 square miles (69,484 square km). Among the freshwater lakes of the world, it is exceeded in size only by Lake Superior in North America...

...of 1,975 feet (602 metres), but there is an abrupt drop to about 650 feet (198 metres) at Devil’s Peak. Victoria (Hong Kong) Harbour is well protected by mountains on Hong Kong Island that include Victoria Peak in the west, which rises to 1,810 feet (552 metres), and Mount Parker in the east, which reaches a height of about 1,742 feet (531 metres)....

The largest water lilies are those of the tropical South American genus Victoria, comprising two species of giant water lilies. The leaf margins of both the Amazon, or royal, water lily (V. amazonica, formerly V. regia) and the Santa Cruz water lily (V. cruziana) have upturned edges, giving each thickly veined leaf the appearance of a large, shallow pan 60 to 180 cm......

longest river in Northern Territory, Australia. The river rises in low sand hills at 1,200 feet (370 m) elevation north of Hooker Creek. It flows north and northwest for about 350 miles (560 km) across a region of hills and basins to enter Joseph Bonaparte Gulf of the Timor Sea via a 16-mile- (25.5-kilometre-) wide mouth at Queens Channel. Fed by its major tributaries—the West Baines, Wickham, Go...

...Ontario Provincial Museum, was founded in 1855. In Australia the National Museum of Victoria was established at Melbourne in 1854; it was followed by the National Gallery of Victoria in 1861 and the Science Museum of Victoria in 1870. In Cairo the Egyptian Museum was established in 1858. These all followed the European model, and even in South America art collections tended to be predominately....

railway station in the borough of Westminster, London. It stands just south of Buckingham Palace. Victoria Station is actually two 19th-century stations combined into one unit. The eastern portion was built for the London, Chatham and Dover Railway, and the western side was created for the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway. The two ra...

southern arm of the Arctic Ocean, lying between Victoria Island on the west and King William Island on the east, in eastern Kitikmeot region, Northwest Territories, Canada. The strait is about 100 miles (160 km) long and from 50 to 80 miles (80 to 130 km) wide. It connects Queen Maud Gulf (south) with McClintock Channel (northwest) and Franklin Strait (northeast). The Royal Geographical Society a...

...contemporary designs. Many residential and commercial buildings constructed in the Gothic Victorian style during the period of British rule still stand today—most notably the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus), the city’s main train station and headquarters of India’s Central Railway company. The older administrative and commercial buildings are......

public university in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, established in 1963. It traces its origins to Victoria College (1903) and received degree-granting status with its founding as the University of Victoria. It has faculties of business, education, engineering, fine arts, graduate studies, human and social development, humanities, law, s...

...some former glaciers flowing from the polar region through the Transantarctic Mountains to recede and nearly vanish, producing such spectacular “dry valleys” as the Wright, Taylor, and Victoria valleys near McMurdo Sound. Doubt has been shed on the common belief that Antarctic ice has continuously persisted since its origin by the discovery reported in 1983 of Cenozoic marine......

Across the Inner Harbour, west from the downtown core, on a peninsula that gives shape to the harbour, is the historic neighbourhood of Victoria West (known as Vic West). This working-class residential neighbourhood became part of the municipality of Victoria in 1890 and was connected to downtown by the Johnson Street Bridge in 1924. Other bridges run north of Vic West to neighbouring Burnside,......

...to the floorboards, and up again like a gently sloping chair. Panel-boot victorias were, confusingly, also known as cabriolets. The Grand Victoria had a rumble seat for two extra passengers, and the Victoria-Hansom was an improved hansom cab with a collapsible hood....

capital of Álava provincia (province), in Basque Country comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), northeastern Spain. It is located north of the Vitoria Hills on the Zadorra River, southwest of San Sebastián. Founded as Victoriacum by the Visigothic king Leovigild...

queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901) and empress of India (1876–1901). She was the last of the house of Hanover and gave her name to an era, the Victorian Age. During her reign the English monarchy took on its modern ceremonial character. She and her husband, Prince Consort Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, had nine children, through whose marriages were......

building style of the Gothic Revival that marks the movement from a sentimental phase to one of greater exactitude. Its principles, especially honesty of expression, were first laid down in The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture (1841) by Augustus Pugin (1812–52). Much Victorian design consisted of adapting the decora...

...schools, though enrollments at private institutions have increased. Primary schools offer seven years of education, and secondary schools offer six years. In the early 1990s the introduction of the Victorian Certificate was a major development; its aim has been to encourage students to complete a full 13-year course and to provide a foundation for their further study, working lives, and......

To be sure, not everybody in Europe believed or worried about these affirmations. And although ideas long debated do in the end filter down to the least intellectual layers of the population, the time and place of triumph for a philosophy are limited by this cultural lag—a fortunate delay, without which whole societies might collapse soon after the publication of a single book. What kept......

On May 7, 1877, representatives of the Albert Park, Carlton, East Melbourne, Essendon, Geelong, Hotham, Melbourne, and St Kilda football clubs met to form the Victorian Football Association (VFA) for the “promotion and extension of football throughout the colony” and the organization of intercolonial matches. During the 1870s over 125 clubs appeared in Melbourne, and another 60......

The depression of 1893–95 caused attendance at games to decline, and the VFA proposed a revenue-sharing scheme to assist struggling clubs. Leading clubs, which wanted more control over the game, opposed the scheme. In 1896 those eight leading clubs—Melbourne, Essendon, Geelong, Collingwood, South Melbourne, Fitzroy, Carlton, and St Kilda—came together to form the Victorian......

Self-consciousness was the quality that John Stuart Mill identified, in 1838, as “the daemon of the men of genius of our time.” Introspection was inevitable in the literature of an immediately Post-Romantic period, and the age itself was as prone to self-analysis as were its individual authors. Hazlitt’s essays in The Spirit of the Age (1825) were echoed by......

To be sure, not everybody in Europe believed or worried about these affirmations. And although ideas long debated do in the end filter down to the least intellectual layers of the population, the time and place of triumph for a philosophy are limited by this cultural lag—a fortunate delay, without which whole societies might collapse soon after the publication of a single book. What kept......

in the Julian calendar, a period of 532 years covering a complete cycle of New Moons (19 years between occurrences on the same date) and of dominical letters—i.e., correspondences between days of the week and of the month, which recur every 28 years in the same order. The product of 19 and 28 is the interval in years (532) between recurrences of a given...

a football sport distinctive to Australia that predates other modern football games as the first to create an official code of play. Invented in Melbourne, capital of the state of Victoria, in the late 1850s, the game was initially known as Melbourne, or Victorian, rules football and was an amalgam of various football rules that were in use at English public (...

...Abductors (1966). He also wrote poems, collected in a volume, The Young Men and the Old (1941), and a collection of biographies, African Portraits (1946). His autobiography, A Victorian Son, appeared in 1972....

In 19th-century Britain the audiences shaped both the theatres and the dramas played within them. The upper class favoured opera, while the working class, whose population in London alone tripled between 1810 and 1850, wanted broadly acted theatre with scenic wonders and machinery. And as the audience grew in number, the Georgian theatre building, which was small and intimate, began to......

To be sure, not everybody in Europe believed or worried about these affirmations. And although ideas long debated do in the end filter down to the least intellectual layers of the population, the time and place of triumph for a philosophy are limited by this cultural lag—a fortunate delay, without which whole societies might collapse soon after the publication of a single book. What kept......

...exceptional issue of gold units and halves. Toward the end of the Second Punic War the quadrigati were replaced by silver coins of half their weight, with a Victory on the reverse, and hence called victoriates. By about 190 a mainly silver coinage, Latin-inscribed, was in production at Rome and other authorized mints, accompanied by bronze coinage so greatly reduced in standard (and thus size)....

...and Saloninus. Postumus successfully defended the Rhine frontier and withstood Gallienus’ attempts to recover Gaul (265). At the height of his power, he ruled Gaul, Britain, and Spain. Later he took Victorinus (who succeeded him) as his colleague, perhaps as joint emperor. Postumus was killed in a mutiny of the legion of Mogontiacum (now Mainz, Ger.)....

...Porphyry’s version of Neoplatonism to explain and defend the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity, was produced in the second half of the 4th century by the rhetorician and grammarian Marius Victorinus. A strong and simple Platonic theism and morality, which had a great influence in the Middle Ages, was nobly expressed in the final work of the last great philosopher-statesman of the......

Three writers from the later portion of this period deserve mention. Victorinus of Pettau was the first known Latin biblical exegete; of his numerous commentaries the only one that remains is the commentary on Revelation, which maintained a millenarian outlook—predicting the 1,000-year reign of Christ at the end of history—and was clumsy in style. Arnobius the Elder (converted by......

...was a member of the Eastern band of the Chiricahua Apaches, who ranged throughout western New Mexico. He took part in raids on Mexicans and Americans with such Chiricahua leaders as Geronimo and Victorio. By the 1870s he had joined Victorio on the Apache reservation at Warm Springs, New Mexico, but in about 1877 they and their followers were moved by the U.S. government to an inhospitable......

...The product of 19 and 28 is the interval in years (532) between recurrences of a given phase of the Moon on the same day of the week and month. This period is called Victorian for the astronomer Victorius of Aquitaine, its first calculator (c. ad 465); Dionysian for Dionysius Exiguus, who revised Victorius’ figures in the 6th century; and Great Paschal because of its use in...

...brought out the first printed texts of Pindar, Callimachus, and the Homeric scholia. Aldus’ son Paulus Manutius (1512–74) carried on his father’s business and did much for the texts of Cicero. Petrus Victorius (1499–1585) was the leading Italian scholar of his time, editing Aeschylus and Euripides and writing commentaries on Aristotle’s Rhetoric, ......

city, San Bernardino county, southwestern California, U.S. Located nearly 100 miles (160 km) northeast of Los Angeles, it lies along the Mojave River in the Victor Valley at the edge of the Mojave Desert, just north of the San Bernardino Mountains. The settlement was founded in 1885 by the Santa Fe Railway. Originally name...

...film, the low-budget Hitchcockian thriller Phobia (1981), was arguably the nadir of his directorial career. Much better received was the World War II drama Victory (1981), which featured Caine, Sylvester Stallone, and football (soccer) great Pelé as Allied prisoners of war who engineer an escape from the Parisian stadium in which their......

...date are the Apollo or David (its identity is problematic), used as a gift to a newly powerful political figure, and the Victory, a figure trampling on a defeated enemy, an old man. It was probably meant for the never-forgotten tomb of Pope Julius, because the motif had been present in the plans for that tomb......

...John Quinn began to buy his manuscripts—for what now seem ludicrously low prices. His novel Chance was successfully serialized in the New York Herald in 1912, and his novel Victory, published in 1915, was no less successful. Though hampered by rheumatism, Conrad continued to write for the remaining years of his life. In April 1924 he refused an offer of knighthood......

...in 1982, commemorates the Unknown Soldier. The Martyr’s Monument, a 150-foot (50-metre) split dome built in 1983, commemorates the casualties of the Iran-Iraq War (1980–90). The Victory Arches (1988), which consist of two enormous sets of crossed swords nearly 150 feet (50 metres) high and mounted on bases in the form of a man’s forearm, were erected to celebrate Iraq’s......

...Sikri is the Great Mosque, the Jāmiʿ Masjid, which served as a model for later congregational mosques built by the Mughals. The mosque’s southern entrance, a massive gateway called the Buland Darwaza (Victory Gate), gives a feeling of immense strength and height, an impression emphasized by the steepness of the flight of steps by which it is approached....

The battle was precipitated by a U.S. amphibious assault on the central Philippine island of Leyte on October 20. The Japanese responded with Sho-Go (Victory Operation), a plan to decoy the U.S. Third Fleet north, away from the San Bernardino Strait, while converging three forces on Leyte Gulf to attack the landing; the First Attack Force was to move from the north across the Sibuyen Sea......

...organized the Teatr Budetlyanin (“Theatre of the Futurist”), the manifesto of which was drawn up by Kruchonykh, Malevich, and Matyushin. By December 1913 the opera Victory over the Sun had been mounted, with music by Matyushin, prologue by Khlebnikov, libretto by Kruchonykh, and costumes and sets by Malevich. The opera was noteworthy for its use of......

mountain in the eastern Kakshaal (Kokshaal-Tau) Range of the Tien Shan, on the frontier of Kyrgyzstan and China. It was first identified in 1943 as the tallest peak (24,406 feet [7,439 metres]) in the Tien Shan range and the second highest peak in what was then the Soviet Union; it is now the highest peak in Kyrgyzstan. It...

Where relief sculpture is concerned, an even greater accomplishment is evident in the famous Naram-Sin (Sargon’s grandson) stela (Louvre), on which a pattern of figures is ingeniously designed to express the abstract idea of conquest. Other stelae and the rock reliefs (which by their geographic situation bear witness to the extent of Akkadian conquest) show the carving of the period to be in......