Hardcover - Rent for

Overview

Cyanobacterial Toxins of Drinking Water Supplies

Contamination of water, both drinking and recreational, by cyanobacteria is of increasing concern worldwide. Such contamination has claimed livestock relatively frequently, but acute poisoning is rare in humans. However, there is growing speculation about the role of cylindrospermopsins and microcystins in gastrointestinal and liver cancer. Written by a world authority involved in revising the World Health Organization's drinking water guidelines, Cyanobacterial Toxins of Drinking Water Supplies provides a coherent account of the biology, chemistry, toxicology, and human health implications of cylindrospermopsins and microcystins, and their occurrence in water supplies.

Product Details

Read an Excerpt

Contamination of water, both drinking and recreational, by cyanobacteria is of increasing concern worldwide. Such contamination has claimed livestock relatively frequently, but acute poisoning is rare in humans. However, there is growing speculation about the role of cylindrospermopsins and microcystins in gastrointestinal and liver cancer. Written by a world authority involved in revising the World Health Organization's drinking water guidelines, Cyanobacterial Toxins of Drinking Water Supplies provides a coherent account of the biology, chemistry, toxicology, and human health implications of cylindrospermopsins and microcystins, and their occurrence in water supplies.

First Chapter

Contamination of water, both drinking and recreational, by cyanobacteria is of increasing concern worldwide. Such contamination has claimed livestock relatively frequently, but acute poisoning is rare in humans. However, there is growing speculation about the role of cylindrospermopsins and microcystins in gastrointestinal and liver cancer. Written by a world authority involved in revising the World Health Organization's drinking water guidelines, Cyanobacterial Toxins of Drinking Water Supplies provides a coherent account of the biology, chemistry, toxicology, and human health implications of cylindrospermopsins and microcystins, and their occurrence in water supplies.

Table of Contents

PrefaceAcknowledgementsIntroduction ReferencesTOXIC CYANOBACTERIA AND THEIR IDENTIFICATION The Origins of CyanobacteriaCyanobacterial Organisms Classification and Nomenclature Molecular Taxonomy ReferencesTOXIN CHEMISTRY AND BIOSYNTHESIS Chemistry of Cylindrospermopsins Synthesis of Cylindrospermopsin Biosynthesis of Cylindrospermopsin Chemistry of MicrocystinsSynthesis of Microcystins Biosynthesis of Microcystins: Biochemical Approaches Molecular Genetic ApproachesReferencesCYANOBACTERIAL ECOLOGY Cyanobacteria in Freshwater Light BuoyancyNutrients: PhosphorusNitrogen Distribution of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii(Nostocales)Ecology of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Cylindrospermopsin Production by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Cylindrospermopsin Production by Other Cyanobacterial SpeciesProduction of Other Toxins by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Distribution of Microcystis aeruginosa Distribution of Other Microcystin-Producing Species of Cyanobacteria Ecology of Microcystis aeruginosa Ecology of Planktothrix Species and Anabaena flos-aquae Ecology of Microcystin ProductionNodularia spumigena and Nodularin ProductionReferencesCYANOBACTERIAL POISONING OF LIVESTOCK AND PEOPLELivestock and Wildlife Poisoning by Cyanobacterial Toxins Human Poisoning by Cyanobacterial Toxins Waterborne Poisoning in Brazil Gastrointestinal Illness Associated with Cyanobacteria in the US Gastroenteritis Associated with Cyanobacteria in Africa Liver Damage Associated with Microcystis aeruginosa in AustraliaRecreational Poisoning in the UK and US The Dialysis Tragedy in Brazil Palm Island Poisoning by Cylindrospermopsin in Australia Conclusions ReferencesCYLINDROSPERMOPSIN TOXICITYToxicity of Cylindrospermopsin: Whole-Animal Studies Oral Toxicity of Cylindrospermopsin: Studies of the No Observed Adverse Effect Level Cylindrospermopsin Uptake and Excretion Mechanism of Cylindrospermopsin Toxicity Inhibition of Protein Synthesis Cytochrome P450 in Cylindrospermopsin Toxicity DNA Damage, Chromosome Damage, and CarcinogenicityMicronucleus Formation in the Presence of CylindrospermopsinWhole-Animal Carcinogenicity Assessment of CarcinogenicityTeratogenicity, Immunotoxicity, and Reproductive InjuryReferencesMICROCYSTIN TOXICITY Acute Toxicity of Microcystin to Rodents Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity Determination of the No Observed Adverse Effect Level for Microcystin in MiceLarge-Animal Toxicity Determination of the No Observed Adverse Effect Level of Microcystin in Pigs Toxicokinetics of Microcystin Conjugation and Excretion of Microcystin Studies with Isolated HepatocytesMechanisms of Microcystin Toxicity Microcystin and Phosphatase InhibitionCytoskeletal Effects Nuclear Actions of MicrocystinMicrocystin and Apoptosis Cell-Cycle Effects of Microcystin Tumor Promotion by Microcystin Carcinogenesis, Liver Damage, and Cancer in China Microcystin: Teratogenesis and Reproductive Toxicity ConclusionReferencesRISK AND SAFETY OF DRINKING WATER: ARE CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS IN DRINKING WATER A HEALTH RISK? Risk Assessment and Legislation What Is a Risk, and How Can It Be Assessed? Risk Management Risk and Chemical Safety in Drinking Water — Cyanobacterial Toxins as Toxic Chemicals The Tolerable Daily Intake Determination of a Guideline Value for Cylindrospermopsin The Tolerable Daily Intake and Drinking Water Guideline Value for Microcystin Cylindrospermopsins and Microcystins as Carcinogens? Cylindrospermopsin — Is It a Carcinogen? Microcystins and Nodularins — Are They Carcinogens? Chronic Lifetime Dose, Intermittent Acute Doses, and Recreational Exposures ReferencesMONITORING OF RESERVOIRS FOR TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA AND ANALYSIS OF NUTRIENTS IN WATER Monitoring SitesMonitoring FrequencyParameters for Monitoring — Predictive Parameters Parameters for Monitoring — Identity and Number of Cyanobacterial CellsSamplingCell Counting, Measurement, and Chlorophyll-a Analysis Chlorophyll-a Analysis Fluorescence Measurement of Cyanobacterial Concentration in ReservoirsMonitoring by Genetic Methods ReferencesDETECTION AND ANALYSIS OF CYLINDROSPERMOPSINS AND MICROCYSTINS Toxin Concentration In Vivo Rodent Toxicity Assays Cylindrospermopsin Bioassay and Analysis Cell-Based and Cell-Free Toxicity Measurement of CylindrospermopsinELISA of CylindrospermopsinInstrument-Based Techniques for CylindrospermopsinHigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Microcystins and Nodularins: Bioassay and AnalysisSample Collection and Handling for Microcystins Bioassays for Microcystins and Nodularins ELISA for Microcystins and Nodularins Protein Phosphatase Inhibition Assay for Microcystins and Nodularins HPLC for Microcystins and Nodularins Microcystins and Nodularins in Tissue Samples Analytical Problems and Challenges ReferencesPREVENTION, MITIGATION, AND REMEDIATION OF CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS IN RESERVOIRS Nutrient Reduction Phosphorus Reduction Catchment Management Nitrogen ReductionReservoir Remediation DestratificationFlow Phosphorus Precipitation, Sediment Capping, and DredgingAlgicides Biological Remediation ReferencesWATER TREATMENT Processes for Removing Cyanobacterial Toxins from Drinking Water SuppliesWater Filtration, Coagulation, and ClarificationActivated Carbon Ozonation and Chlorination Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis Slow Sand Filtration Membrane Filtration ConclusionsReferencesEMERGING ISSUES Ecological Issues Health IssuesWater TreatmentReferencesINDEX

Déodat de Séverac (1872-1921) is best known for his piano music but his compositions included
orchestral and vocal works, including opera, cantata and incidental music. Claude Debussy described Séverac's music as exquisite and rich with ideas. The early works were ...

DRINKING WITH THE SECOND SHIFT by Robert Collins is a collection of poetry that chronicles
the coming of age of a white, suburban, middle-class youth working his first real job in an industrial bakery during summers to pay his way ...

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) occurring in freshwater, and the associated toxins they produce, are dangerous
to animals and humans. Mitigating the increasing presence of HABs presents a major challenge to water managers and drinking water utilities across the world. This ...

Provides a highly illustrated guide for designers, installers and contractors working on hot and cold
water supplies. The book takes account of the 1999 Water Regulations and British Standard BS 6700. The new edition takes account of the latest requirements ...

Discover Olivia's world—from A to Z—with these flash cards featuring art from the television show,
inspired by the original Caldecott honor-winning picture book. Printed on thick, sturdy board, they are just the right size for small hands to hold and ...

A longtime bestseller, Politics and Change in the Middle East employs a multidisciplinary approach to
comprehensively and evenhandedly study the region's past, present, and future. Through politics, economics, culture, and history, this text offers a rugged analytical framework that familiarizes ...

With new regulations for radionuclides in drinking water, this volume will be valuable for understanding
where radionuclides come from, how their prescence is determined, where humans come in contact with them, health effects consequences (both for individuals and communities), removal ...

Sixty-three years. Sixty-three years and Technical Analysis of Stock Trends still towers over the discipline
of technical analysis like a mighty redwood. Originally published in 1948 and now in its Tenth Edition, this book remains the original and most important ...