Goodwill

The acquisition price of a subsidiary, joint venture or associate is equal to the amount paid to purchase the interest. If the acquisition price is higher than the share in the fair value at the date of acquisition of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities, the excess is recognised as goodwill. Any shortfall is recognised as a gain (bargain purchase) through the income statement.

Goodwill is measured at cost less impairment. Goodwill is allocated to one or more cash-generating units. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually.

Goodwill purchased on acquisition of subsidiaries and joint ventures is recognised in the balance sheet as intangible assets. Goodwill paid to acquire an interest in an associate is included in the cost of acquiring that associate.