American said it expects to continue normal business operations throughout the reorganisation process - with normal flight schedules operating, tickets and reservations honoured as usual, along with normal refunds and exchanges.

American’s AAdvantage frequent flyer programme is not affected.

All of the airline’s code-share partnerships continue.

The United States Chapter 11 reorganisation process enables a company to maintain normal business operations while it establishes a competitive cost and debt structure.

American said it took this action to “achieve a cost and debt structure that is competitive in the airline industry so that it can continue delivering a world-class travel experience for customers”.

American’s chairman Tom Horton said: “American’s customers are always our top priority and they can continue to depend on us for the safe, reliable travel and high quality service they know and expect from us.

“American serves 260 airports in more than 50 countries and territories, and we are committed to maintaining a strong presence in worldwide markets.

“I am confident American will emerge even stronger as a global leader known for excellence and innovation, a travel partner customers seek out, and a carrier that serves communities throughout the world.”