In the past, children with Down syndrome were cheerful and problems behavior was small, but in recent years acute regression that appears in adolescents and adulthood of Down syndrome is regarded as a problem. As the cause, the hypothesis is presented that it is depressed caused by psychological stress. In order to avoid psychological stress, it is necessary to provide support and guidance according to the characteristics of children with Down syndrome as early as childhood and school age. Therefore, in this research, we aimed to overview the cognitive and intellectual
characteristics of children with Down syndrome literature from the view point CHC theory which is drawing attention because of its high relevance among new intelligence theories. As a result, the following knowledge was obtained. The weak ability in Down syndrome are (1) liquidity intelligence (Gf), (2) short term memory (Gsm), (3) cognitive processing Speed (Gs), (4) auditory processing (Ga). On the other hand, the ability to think that
children with Down syndrome are considered to have strength are (1) crystalline intelligence (Gc), (2) long-term memory and retrieval (Glr), and (3) visual capacity (Gv). However, it is suggested that weakness is associated with complex ability such as syntactic and grammar and listening ability (LS) in Gc, ability on learning efficiency in Glr, ability to capture things by grasping things and relating them to details like visualization (Vz) in Gv. Based
on these characteristics, it is necessary to think about guidance and support according to cognitive and intellectual characteristics to children with Down syndrome. However, since the age of the participants and the control group are not consistent in each of the previous studies reviewed this time, it is a ask to clarify comprehensively the cognitive and intellectual characteristics in the future.