NEW SITE ----> Go to http://www.miketnelson.com < -----for all my latest info a this site below is from about 5-8 years ago. Michael T Nelson, MS CSCS, RKC is a PhD
Candidate in Kinesiology (Exercise Physiology) at the U of MN and Fitness Consultant in White Bear Lake, MN. Ramblings here about research, training, nutrition, exercise phys, Z Health, joint mobility, and whatever else I want

Thursday, November 27, 2008

Is regular exercise a friend or foe of the aging immune system? A systematic review

Science is slowly uncovering the connection between the immune system and exercise. Below is a great review of the recent science in this area. The short version is that some exercise is a small insult to the body, but the body builds up a resistance to it and is better than before!

Too much of an insult or too much exercise may not be good. No surprise there as anything that can help you, can also hurt you. Heck, you can even die from drinking too much water!

Be sure to check out this post from Dr. Lonnie Lowery HERE on inflammation, as it plays a very key role.

Time to grab that Kettlebell and get to work pumping up your immune system!

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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current review is to synthesize the available evidence from prospective clinical trials that are relevant to the clinical question: "What, if any, are the effects of regular aerobic and/or resistance exercise on the immune system in healthy older adults?"

DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases were searched, using terms pertaining to immunology, exercise, and aging. Using the Ovid interface, the following databases were explored: Allied and Complimentary Medicine (AMED) (1985 to 2008), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (1982 to 2008), all EBM Reviews (Cochrane DSR, ACP Journal Club, DARE, CCTR, CMR, HTA, and NHSEED), EMBASE (1980 to 2008), and MEDLINE (1950 to 2008). The MEDLINE database was searched a second time through the PubMed interface. STUDY SELECTION: Prospective controlled clinical trials were selected for review if they investigated the effects of an exercise intervention (minimum 4 weeks in duration) on an immune outcome measure in an older but otherwise healthy population. A total of 19 articles representing 17 trials were identified.

DATA EXTRACTION: Quality assessment of the relevant articles was performed using the Jadad et al criteria. Data extraction was performed using a standardized instrument. Data regarding the participants, interventions, and laboratory and clinical immunologic outcomes were synthesized.

DATA SYNTHESIS: Available data provide no clear evidence of acute or chronic effects of exercise on lymphocyte or natural killer (NK) cell numbers or phenotype (ie, surface markers)/activity, with 2 exceptions: (1) strength or endurance exercise may cause an acute transient elevation in circulating CD8+ T cells, and (2) regular aerobic exercise appears to enhance immunologic memory in the context of vaccination. The effects of strength training on NK cell activity are unclear. Furthermore, regular aerobic exercise appears to be associated with a reduction in chronic inflammation. Finally, no prospective controlled trials have clearly documented clinical immunologic benefits of regular exercise, which may well relate to underpowering of these studies.

CONCLUSIONS: Overall, in healthy older adults, regular, particularly aerobic, exercise appears to be a friend of the immune system, helping to offset diminished adaptive responses and chronic inflammation. The possibility exists that particularly strenuous exercise may cause acute immunologic changes, such as diminished NK cell activity, which could predispose to infection in certain individuals. However, given the possible benefits of regular exercise on the immune system and the many definite benefits on other systems, the evidence presented here should not dissuade practitioners from suggesting regular exercise to otherwise healthy older adults.