First edition of this important lecture on the sexuality of plants read by Vaillant at the opening of the Jardin Royal in Paris on June 10, 1717. The lecture is followed by a communication from Vaillant to Boerhaave, in which he proposes three new genera of plants. The book was reprinted in 1727 and 1728. The great rarity of this first edition is certified by Junk in Rara Historico-Naturalia, who had never seen it. This work broke new ground in stressing the importance of sexuality in the classification of flowering plants. Linnaeus was doubtless influenced by Vaillant’s views as he heard of them in Rothman’s leectures when he was a school boy at Växjö.
Vaillant “was early convinced of the correctness of Camerarius’ doctrine of the sexual function of flowers (De sexu plantarum epistola, 1694). At the opening of the garden at a new site in 1717 he used the occasion to give an address entitled Discours sur la structure des fleurs which created something of a sensation, particularly among the students. Vaillant gave an exposition of the sexual function of flowers which was rendered vivid and a little shocking by his use of vernacular terminology in comparing the stamens to the penis and testicles of animals, and by humorous references to the innocent sexual pleasures of flowers. In spite of this, it was a serious discussion and presentation of the new theory, and played a considerable part in securing its general acceptance. In addition the work emphasized the need for a terminology of the floral parts . . . At the suggestion of William Sherard, and with the help of Boerhaave, the French text of Vaillant’s lecture, together with a Latin translation, was published in Leiden in 1718” (A.G. Morton).