Regulatory mechanism where cells stop proliferating upon contact with another cell, keeping the cells one layer thick

16

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are ___ suppressor genes.

Tumour

17

List 3 properties of tumour suppressor genes.

1. Promotion of DNA repair

2. Promotion of apoptosis

3. Inhibition of cell cycle progression

18

A ___ mutation occurs spontaneously.

Sporadic

19

A germline mutation is ___ from one or both parents.

Inherited

20

List 3 types of connective tissue found in lymph nodes.

1. Blood cells

2. Reticular fibres

3. Dense irregular connective tissue

21

What type of connective tissue forms a supportive stroma (framework) to support lymphocytes?

Reticular fibres

22

What type of connective tissue provides physical protection and divides organs into lobules?

Dense irregular connective tissue

23

Lipid is released from the cells of the mammary gland epithelium via ___ secretion.

Apocrine

24

The contraction of which type of cell promotes the secretion of breast milk?

Myoepithelial

25

Define distal in anatomical terms.

Further from the point of origin

26

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is also known as type ___ osteoporosis.

1

27

Senile osteoporosis is also known as type ___ osteoporosis.

2

28

Type ___ osteoporosis is associated with decreased estrogen.

1

29

Type ___ osteoporosis is age-related.

2

30

Type ___ osteoporosis results from increased osteoclast activity.

1

31

Type ___ osteoporosis results from decreased osteoblast activity.

2

32

Estrogen ___ osteoclasts.

Inhibits

33

At what age is peak bone density reached?

25-30

34

What TYPE of bone is disproportionately impacted in osteoporosis?

Spongy (trabecular)

35

Identify the features in this photomicrograph of a section of GROUND BONE using terms from the following list: Haversian canal, Volkmann’s canal, canaliculi, osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, lamella of compact bone, and periosteum.

A: Cacaliculi

B: Lamella of compact bone

C: Haversian canal

D: Osteocyte

36

What class of drugs is used to treat patients with disorders of bone metabolism?

Bisphosphonates

37

What is the first stage of bone repair?

Hematoma

38

What is the second stage of bone repair?

Formation of fibrocartilaginous callus

39

What is the third stage of bone repair?

Formation of bony callus

40

What is the fourth stage of bone repair?

Remodelling

41

Diabetes need NOT reduce their intake of ___ fish.

Oily

42

In addition to BMI, list 3 measurements a dietician might perform.

1. Skin fold thickness

2. Waist-to-hip ratio

3. Upper arm circumference

43

What is formula for BMI?

44

The hormone ___ regulates Na+ resorption by the DCT of the kidneys, controlling salt/water balance.

Aldosterone

45

Features of type ___ diabetes include autoimmune etiology and destruction of pancreatic islet cells (usually in childhood).