Nietzsche philosophy initiated a new era in the history of western philosophy, which drew people's attention from remote reason back to the perceptual world closer to people, and observed the nature and human society from a new perspective. His will to power and "god is dead" have touched people the most. Our country is in the critical period of realizing socialist modernization, it is necessary to absorb nutrition from Nietzsche philosophy to inspire people to advance.

Before Nietzsche, there was a deeply rooted tradition in European philosophy that sensibility was unreliable and only reason was reliable. This tradition dates back to ancient Greece. In ancient Greece, people believed that only knowledge which was free from the bondage of emotion was free, but they could never explain why reason had initiative and creativity, because reason always had form and its content was absorbed from the outside. Rational creativity has inherent limitations.

Nevertheless, people still defy sensibility and elevate the role of reason. In the development of philosophy, we blindly pursue reason, but seriously ignore the role of emotion. Through Kant to Hegel, reason was raised to the extreme. However, since Schopenhauer, people have gradually turned their eyes to the feeling that has been neglected. Sensibility began to get its due place in philosophy. Schopenhauer initiated the cultural philosophy based on human irrationality. It is against this background that Nietzsche's philosophy comes into being. In Nietzsche's lifetime, his point of view was not understood, and his own fate was ill-fated. Nietzsche himself had long been in the grip of illness and misfortune followed. When Nietzsche was 5 years old, his closest father died of encephalomalacia, which was the first serious blow to Nietzsche in his life. Nietzsche's love life, to the Netherlands in Geneva at the age of 32 female musicians mathilde trump admire Hector refused to marry him, At the age of 38 in Rome to the Russian writer road jean-paul salome proposal was rejected. Nietzsche lived a wandering life of loneliness and pain, plagued by intense 72-hour migraines and severe eye diseases. In the last years of his life, he struggled to survive in severe mental disorder. However, the frustration of love and illness did not break him, but inspired his will to life. Nietzsche says that he seems to have rediscovered life, including his freedom.

Nietzsche's philosophy is not understood or even ridiculed, but he is not discouraged. At the end of April 1884 Nietzsche wrote: "I think that one day many professors will give many lectures for my zarathustra. And it will be quite a while before my zarathustra is taken seriously. If in the remaining years of my life I could meet five or six people with my ideals. How surprised I shall be! Subsequent developments proved it all. The question is no longer whether Nietzsche can be accepted, but how to understand and apply Nietzsche's philosophy correctly.

Christian culture promotes the supremacy of reason, and god is sovereign and above all forces. In Socratic cultural philosophy, man's natural vitality is inhibited. Man has become a slave to god, a creature of reason, a machine devoid of life, of character, of creativity.

In what way should man live? How can people show their subjective value? This series of problems caused a dispute in the ideological world at that time. From the spirit of Dionysus Nietzsche finds a "sense of life and power" which is hidden in the inner life of human beings. Then, with great passion, he proclaimed to the world, "god is dead!" It was a bombshell, a shock to the quiescent western intellectual community and an uproar. God is dead. What about humans? Since god is dead, mankind should usher in a new era. Nietzsche's philosophy attaches great importance to human values and human liberation, holding that only human life itself is the standard to judge all values, and that only human beings must surpass themselves, have a goal higher than their own, and make their life essence high, can truly reflect human values. God is dead, and in this world without god, man will reappraise everything and restore man's will to life, which is Nietzsche's strong will. And the medieval Christian theology and modern rationalism movement made this Greek tragedy spirit disappeared.

"God is dead" does not mean that there is a god, but that god does not exist. "God is dead" is just a witness that god does not exist and will appear sooner or later. But "god is dead" is not that there was no god, but that he was alive and dead. God is an imaginary god.

In addition, Nietzsche's so-called "death of god" refers not only to the death of god in Christianity, but also to the death of god in the whole metaphysics. Nietzsche once referred to both Socratic philosophy and jesuit theology as "metaphysics". Their common feature is to make up a metaphysical world opposite to "this world" and build all its thoughts on this fiction. As the symbol of "the other world", "god" is the metaphysical fiction of philosophy and theology.

The death of the metaphysical "god" forces Nietzsche to the post-metaphysical thinking, which is to rethink everything in a situation where there is no god. So the death of god is the first signpost we need to get into Nietzsche's thinking.

What is the only reality we face when the fictional "god" dies? "Life"! Rethinking everything and valuing everything from "life" is the basic direction of Nietzsche's thought. So, what is life? How do you remove god's shadow and rethink life itself? What do you think about from life itself? These questions will be the concrete signpost for thinking about Nietzsche's thought.

The real existence in the ultimate sense is the immortal being. However, the immortal constant is finally dead, and we are thrown to the only existence: the existence of a life with death.

Nietzsche says, "the soul," "the spirit," and finally, "the immortal soul," all invented to defy the body. The fundamental question is: start with the body and take the body as the clue. A belief in the body is better than a belief in the mind. For the body is the only dwelling place of life.

In short, his philosophy brought the campaign against religious theocracy to a climax. Nietzsche's philosophy is positive and uplifting. He believes that difficult and painful diseases can serve as a powerful stimulus to life as a test and challenge to exuberant vitality. A smooth life, on the other hand, can weaken a person's vitality. It is hard to believe that he is strong enough to turn anything dangerous, difficult and terrible into something good for him, including disease. This is his strong vitality, and his strong will. Nietzsche's strong will is in the final analysis a living vitality and creativity that man dares to confront with suffering and disaster. He believed that as long as the strength of life is carried forward in the conquest of pain, the greatest fruits and greatest joys of life will be attained in the end. At the same time, people can experience the vitality of life and the great power of struggle in the struggle with pain. Nietzsche emphasizes again and again the uncertainty and plasticity of human nature. Human beings can change themselves, shape themselves and create their own nature. Emphasizing self-creation is Nietzsche's aesthetic attitude towards life. It is precisely because of the indefinite nature of human beings that it is possible to create a healthier and stronger personality through self-creation.

Nietzsche was proud to say that there was nothing morbid about him, that he was never morbid, even when he was seriously ill. It is true that his body is ill, but his will is healthy. Nietzsche fearlessly opposed the absolute superiority of the system of traditional philosophical metaphysics and epistemology; Opposing the vast system of speculation centered on reason established by philosophy with pure reason to observe the universe and logical reasoning procedures over thousands of years; He loved life, advocated unbridled vitality and strenuous willpower, affirmed the value of the world, and saw the world as the only real world. He breathed new life into classical European philosophy. In this sense, Nietzsche initiated a new era in the history of human thought. After Nietzsche, the traditional philosophical system disintegrated, and philosophy changed from non-existence to existence and returned to this shore from the other side.

Nietzsche's philosophy has a great influence on China. As early as the early 20th century Nietzsche's philosophy has greatly influenced the Chinese thought circle. His will to power encouraged people to create, to be strong, not weak. Nietzsche's theory attaches great importance to human value and liberation, focuses on the purpose of life, and focuses on the continuous creation of life itself. The ideal "superman" in Nietzsche's theory can urge people to make continuous progress, create continuously and realize their own value. Lu xun believed that the reason for the stagnation of Chinese culture is the lack of a strong personality and aggressive power. The Chinese people have long been influenced by the doctrine of the mean in Confucianism. They only want to do things without mistakes, never make mistakes, and never fail to do things in a stable range. They tend to be conservative and opposed to progressive. Such a thinking pattern is not conducive to innovation, progress and adaptation to the current international competitive situation. Therefore, it is impossible to achieve socialist modernization with this kind of thought. Nietzsche's enterprising spirit can provide us with this kind of nutrition.

His other important proposition, "god is dead," demands a reappraisal of all values, with a strong anti-traditional spirit. This point has something in common with our traditional thoughts. Because the Chinese people have never paid attention to the other side of the world, only care about this side of the world, so there is no god in the heart, which is tantamount to "god is dead"; But they look for a living god -- a saint -- in real life. To some extent, the actual saint is more terrible than god. Because god only exists in people's ideas, he will not have any imperfection, but the reality of "god" is not perfect. It is a question of wanting people to worship and learn from those who are not perfect. It is unwise for his mistakes to be copied and learned. For this reason, Chinese people need to break the worship and blind following of authority. Jump out of the shadows of authority so that you have room to create your own. Nietzsche philosophy gives us a dose of sobriety to reflect on our thinking traditions.