Shiva Historical Context

No Indian art, painting, sculpture or architecture was created aimlessly or accidentally. Even the smallest piece of leaflet has its own spiritual content. Most of the time spiritual content was reached by showing sculptures in movement. The same could be said about sculptures of Indian Gods or Goddesses. Every God does something that has a deep cosmic symbolism. Especially, it can be said about Shiva Nataraja or God of Dance. The term Nataraja means the representation of Shiva during the performance of his “dance of furious bills”. Shiva Nataraja is depicted in a pose called “tribhanga”. Tribhanga is the dance that is commonly used in the traditional India culture and art. Comparing to the contrapposto pose, Tribhanga means break of a body in three parts; at the “neck, waist and knee” (Purana 2006). Shiva Nataraja is a large statue depicted out of bronze. His body is idealized without any fatness and no scars or marks are presented. The sculpture was done in a non-stop movement as his hands reaching towards the space. Shiva’s face is idealized and naturalized. It is smooth, handsome face without any blemishes or scars, and it is also natural because it resembles human face. Shiva’s nose is perfectly shaped and eyebrows are perfectly elliptical and symmetrical. The early traditions of Indian culture used a special position of hands called mudra. The two lower hands are posed in a mudra, with both arms reaching to Shiva’s right and both hands are cupped. Mudra would usually be used to carry religious symbolism. In this particular sculpture it is used to show Shiva’s numerous characteristics as a high deity. The objects in the right and left hands of Shiva Nataraja work together in carrying out the symbolism. Shiva holds a drum in his upper right hand. In his upper left hand, Shiva holds a fire. Drum and fire are on different parts of the body, but drum is higher than fire. The movement of Shiva Nataraja’s...

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...this particular portrayal of the Hindu god Shiva, he is shown with four arms and flying locks of hair, as he dances on top of the figure of a dwarf, Apasmara which in English, translates to “forgetfulness,” or “heedlessness”. Apasmara is a symbol of human ignorance. Shiva’s back right hand holds an hourglass-shaped drum which is the damaru. The damaru is known as a power drum, and when played, it is believed to generate spiritual energy.
The front right hand is held in the abhaya mudra, which is the “fear-not” gesture, made by holding the palm outward with fingers held together and pointing upwards. Shiva’s back left hand carries Agni in the palm. Agni means fire. This fire refers to the aspiring flame that rises from our inmost being.
The front left hand is held across his chest in the gaja hasta, with wrist limp and fingers pointed downward toward the uplifted left foot. His front left arm is pointed to his lifted leg to provide refuge for the troubled soul. Gaja hasta originates from the term gaja-hasta-mudra, which means the posture of the elephant trunk. In this statue of Shiva, his left leg also exhibits the gaja hasta, for it is raised and a held in a way that very much resembles the trunk of an elephant.
The locks of Shiva’s hair stand out in several strands that connect to the arch that surrounds him. This arch, bearing fire flames is known as the prabhamandala as it is encircling the dance of nature, performed by...

...University of Phoenix Material
HistoricalContext Matrix
As you learn about health care delivery in the United States, it is important to understand the history of health care delivery to develop a working knowledge as you progress through the course. The following matrix is designed to help you develop that working knowledge. Fill in the following matrix. Each box should contain responses between 50 and 100 words.
|HistoricalContext |Historical background?|Where is the care |Who is the caregiver? |Goal of the care? |How is care paid |
|Matrix | |delivered? | | |for? |
|Snake oil |From the 1600s to |The sellers of snake|Most of the potions |Around these times |Not everyone had |
| |about the early 1800s |oil would drive into|and elixers were self |there were a good |the money the snake|
| |men traveling around |town and put on a |prescribed due to the |number of simple |oil sellers had in |
| |in wagons, calling |big performance in |fact that most were |injuries with a good |order to buy the |
| |themselves doctors, |order to get the |not real medicinal |few gunshot wounds and|elixers and herbs |
| |would have bottles...

...How fashion professionals use historical and cultural research as source material for fashion inspiration?
* Reference to key themes, discussion and concepts raised in the Design in Context unit
* Referenced quotations (using Harvard referencing) from at least four academic texts to support your arguments
* Referenced images
* A critical analysis of examples of relevance to your degree subject (Design &amp; Development; Graphics; Photography or Promotion &amp; Communication)
* The conventions of academic writing
Inspiration is the fuel for our designer's minds and bodies so are always in need of it. Research is absolutely central to the fashion design process. It underpins designers’ ideas, informs the shapes and proportions they use, influences the materials they choose to work with and determines the techniques they use to put them together. Luckily there are thousands of resources at our fingertips that can be interpreted into design especially fashion. As the hunger for new trends grows the industry has come to establish a seasonal schedule, which goes Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter. this cycle puts major amounts if pressure on designers to deliver on time considering the whole design process they have to take which, includes inspirational research, designing, prototyping, manufacturing, orders and so on. A lot of fashion professionals now are constantly referring back to historical and cultural...

...Running Head: LEADERSHIP
Leadership in Historical and Theoretical Context - Lance Armstrong
Leadership in Historical and Theoretical Context - Lance Armstrong
Leadership can be described as the nature of the influencing process and resultant outcomes. It can be explained by the leaders disposition, behaviors, and skills, as well as their follower’s perceptions and the context in which the influencing occurs (Stork, Leadership course document). There are many different theories of leadership styles and discussion about their ability to inspire, motivate, influence, and persuade. We have read about many leaders who – through their strong leadership qualities – emerged as a source of change or revolution in their times. Some great leaders of the past include Napoleon, Gandhi, and Martin Luther King, who at their times brought about significant changes in their circumstances, led their followers, and influenced them in such a way that their actions became inline with the desired purpose (Wren, 1995). The role of time and place did play a significant part in their leading and influencing the people. In this paper, I will discuss not only the influence of time and place on the formation and emergence of Lance Armstrong as a leader, but also how his leadership style has changed over time, specifically as a result of his ability to adapt to a crisis - his battle with cancer (Bennis &amp; Thomas,...

...﻿1.1. THE BRITISH CONTEXT: HISTORICAL GROWTH
Britain, better known nowadays as the UK of GB and Northern Ireland, comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The biggest island, GB, is divided into England, Scotland and Wales; whereas Northern Ireland shares the second largest island with the Republic of Ireland.
In prehistory, these areas were visited by Old, Middle and New Stone Age nomads, some of whom later settled permanently. From about 600BC-AD1066, the islands experienced several settlements and invasions from peoples from mainland Europe such as Celtics, Belgic tribes, Romans, Germanic tribes, Scandinavians and Normans; whom over time collectively created a multi-ethnic British population with mixed identities and different origins.
The early invaders and settlers contributed to create gradually the separate nations of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland between the 9th and the 12th centuries, where Scotland and England gained strong identities by the 10th century. There were several internal situations as well as external conflicts in their historical growth to nationhood. Some of these differences still exist between the four countries.
Later developments within the islands were influenced first by the expansionist, military aims of English Monarchs and second by a series of political unions. So, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Ireland and Wales were annexed to England respectively. And in...

...In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth the male characters Macbeth, Macduff, Banquo and Duncan really give you and insight in to the time the play was written. Shakespeare’s Macbeth was written in the Elizabethan era during King James’ reign as King over 400 years ago.
King Duncan is introduced to the play in act 1 scene 2. King Duncan is seen as a great, noble, highly thought of King. He is in The Monarch which is the highest in the social order.
“Go pronounce his present death,
And with his former title greet Macbeth.” This quote conveys the power King Duncan has and the price you have to pay for committing reason. King Duncan also thought highly of Macbeth and Banquo and considers them high up in the social order, as this quote highlights; “Dismayed not this
Our captains, Macbeth and Banquo?” “This castle hath a pleasant seat” This quote shows how wealthy you were if you were high up in the social order that they could have castles and could have lavish parties/banquets. When King Duncan was killed he was seen as a virtuous King which would’ve appealed to King James.
Banquo is an acquaintance of Macbeth. Banquo was a thane and he was apart of The Nobility in the social order, which is just below the king. Banquo would’ve been a far off relative of King James and Shakespeare portrayed him as a noble, brave, great thane but in reality he was an evil tyrant. “Speak if you can: what are you?” Banquo is desperate for the witches to tell him his prophecy and they tell him...

...﻿
SUMMARY OF
DIPLOMACY IN HISTORICALCONTEXT
Jean-Robert Leguey-Feilleux
Diplomacy has existed ever since the beginning of civilization, it can be divided into Mesopotamia Civilization, Ancient India, Roman, and Greece, Italian Renaissance, and the world war period to the present.
Some evidence of diplomacy has been found in inscriptions such as El Amarna.. Other inscriptions such as Bogazkoy, Mari (Tell Hariri), Ugarit, and Ebla also discuss the behavior of the representatives in how interact and establish relationship with other countries. The cognition of diplomacy practice begins around 2870 B.C.E, in this time diplomacy was the instrument used as the instrument of the superpower, which is deity, and religion was the dominant thing at the time. As what happened in Sumer as the site of the first independent urban communities. Sumerian city-states use diplomacy as mediation to resolve the problems of other cities under the rule of the super power (great god) of the cities. Diplomacy is also growing in Elba, focused in Elba’s influence and trade. Come for two previous periods, Sargon of Akkad as the first military empire in the history using diplomacy to maintain commercial relations and interests of the state. The size and diversity of Persian Empire adopt decentralized political system that relies on persuasion and diplomacy. After that Hammurabi the best-known member of the dynasty in Babylonia made ​​skillful use of diplomacy...

...David Murtagh
Ms. Riccardo
English 12 Honors
4 January 2008
HistoricalContext from the 1930s in To Kill a Mockingbird
"To Kill a Mockingbird [by Harper Lee] is a powerful commentary on racial injustice and small town life in the South. Harper Lee's story has roots in real life experiences in the South during the 1930s" (Giddens-White). Lee uses what he knows from living in the south and the history of the south to create a realistic setting in the novel. To Kill a Mockingbird is about a young tom-boy, Scout, and her brother Jem who have a lawyer as their father, Atticus. A white woman accuses a black man, Tom Robinson, of rape despite the fact he did not do it. Atticus takes up the case despite the tension and problems it will cause. The jury however ignores blatant evidence and Tom is convicted based on racism alone. Tom then tries to escape from prison, or so we're told, and is shot dead. The story is wrapped with racism, prejudice, and the general ideas of the south and way of life during this time. The historicalcontext of the novel can be easily seen portrayed in the trial of Tom Robinson, the portrayal of social classes, and the treatment and actions of different races and gender in the nineteen thirties; the historicalcontext can also be link into Harper Lee's personal life and experiences.
There are many similarities between Lee's trial in the novel, and the one that...