In the AIXwindows Toolkit, a windowless graphical object that looks like its equivalent like-named widget but does not support the translations, actions, or pop-up widget children supplied by that widget.

A type of widget that handles third-party apps such as iGoogle.

A proprietary widget that works under specific conditions or that is designed to a certain standard, such as a dashboard widget based on the OpenSocial standard. See also widget.

gamificationThe use of game theory to solve problems outside of game situations. For example, to increase productivity, a manager might implement a point system to reward the most productive workers in the office.

Active-site log data that is not available to the tracking IMS. The log data might be missing either because it was not sent or because an I/O error occurred at the tracking site.

In source control management, a state in which a target workspace or stream is missing preceding change sets for a change set that is being accepted or delivered. When a gap occurs, the change set cannot be accepted or delivered; it must be applied as a patch, which creates a new resulting change set.

The relative difference between the integer solution found and the proven best possible objective solution value.

In SQL replication, a range of log or journal records that the Capture program cannot read. The changed data in a gap can be lost.

garbage collection

A routine that searches memory to reclaim space from program segments or inactive data.

Part of a language's runtime system or an add-on library that automatically determines the memory that a program no longer uses, and recycles it for other use. Garbage collection may be assisted by the compiler, the hardware, the operating system, or any combination of the three.

garment on hanger (GOH)A garment that is shipped to a warehouse on a hanger, and not folded and boxed.

An entry to or an exit from an area or zone that is monitored by one device

A requirement that must be met before an application can move on to the next phase.

gate conditionA condition on a message being processed that must be fulfilled for a mediation policy to apply.

gate keeperA system component that manages jobs based on their priority, and optionally, by the estimated run time for normal-priority queries.

gatekeeper

An entity with a high measure of betweenness that may control the flow of information among other entities on an association chart. See also betweenness.

A component of a Voice over Internet Protocol that provides services such as admission to the network and address translation.

gateway

A network point that is used to control the divergence and convergence of sequence flow paths in a process and in a choreography.

Software that provides services between the endpoints and the rest of the Tivoli environment.

A middleware component that bridges Internet and intranet environments during web service invocations.

A component of a Voice over Internet Protocol that provides a bridge between VoIP and circuit-switched environments.

An entity that operates above the link layer and converts, when required, the interface and protocol used by one network into those used by another distinct network.

An element that controls the divergence and convergence of sequence lines and determines the branching, forking, merging, and joining of paths that a process can take during execution.

An extension of a web server program that transfers information from the web server to another server. Gateways are often CGI programs, but may follow other standards such as ISAPI and Apache modules.

A device or program used to connect networks or systems with different network architectures.

An integration pattern that provides format-independent boundary functions that apply to all incoming messages.

A software component that controls the transmission of messages between two parties. The gateway is responsible for using the correct protocols to transfer messages between the sender and receiver.

The runtime capability that hosts deployed APIs and their endpoints for access by applications.

gateway-capable hostA host node that has a defined NETID and SSCPNAME but does not perform gateway control functions, such as cross-network session initiation and termination. See also gateway host.

gateway classThe interface for Java Client applications to connect to the Gateway daemon. The Gateway classes, which are supplied with the CICS Transaction Gateway, must be in the classpath for Java Client applications to run.

gateway control functionA function that is performed by a gateway system services control point (SSCP) in conjunction with the gateway NCP. Such functions include assigning alias network address pairs for LU-LU sessions, assigning virtual routes for the LU-LU sessions in adjacent networks, and translating network names within BIND RUs.

Gateway daemonUsed only in remote mode, the Gateway daemon listens on protocols defined in CTG.INI for gateway requests from remote Java client applications. It issues these requests to the Client daemon on distributed platforms, and directly to CICS over the external CICS interface (EXCI) on z/OS. The Gateway daemon runs the protocol listener threads, the worker threads and the connection manager threads.

gateway destinationA type of service destination that receives messages for gateway services. Gateway destinations are divided into those that are used for request processing and those that are used for reply processing.

Gateway groupA collection of Gateway daemon instances, that uses the services of a single ctgmaster. The group provides a TCP/IP load balancing capability for XA transactions.

gateway host

In the AIX operating system, a host that connects independent networks. It has multiple interfaces, each with a different name and address.

A host node that contains a gateway system services control point (SSCP). See also gateway-capable host.

gateway methodA method that runs on behalf of an endpoint on the gateway to which the endpoint is assigned. The results of the method are forwarded to the managed resource that requested that the method be run.

gateway queue managerA cluster queue manager that is used to route messages from an application to other queue managers in the cluster.

gateway serverA server that communicates between the data servers and the application stack. The application stack polls the gateway for information about the data on the data servers. The data servers push the information to the gateway.

gateway serviceA web service that is made available through the web services gateway.

gateway service processorA service processor that relays alerts from service processors on an Advanced System Management (ASM) interconnect network to IBM Director Server.

gateway sessionA session between an LU and an SNA host through the SNA gateway.

gateway tokenA token that represents a specific Gateway daemon, once a connection is established successfully.

gateway VTAMAn SSCP that is capable of cross-network session initiation, termination, takedown, and session outage notification. A gateway VTAM is in session with the gateway NCP; it provides network name translation and assists the gateway NCP in setting up alias network addresses for cross-network sessions.

gatherFor input/output operations, to read data from noncontiguous memory locations to write to a device. See also scatter.

gatheringAn informal get-together for an entire tribe. Squads get the chance to show the tribe what they’re working on, what’s been delivered, and what they think would be helpful for other squads to learn. See also tribe.

gaugeAn indicator for the current value for an item. See also counter.

Gauss-SeidelAn iterative relaxation method for solving Laplace's equation. This method calculates the general solution by finding particular solutions to a set of discrete points distributed throughout the area in question. The values of the individual points are obtained by averaging the values of nearby points. See also chaotic relaxation.

GBP-dependentThe status of a page set or page set partition that is dependent on the group buffer pool. Either read/write interest is active among DB2 subsystems for this page set, or the page set has changed pages in the group buffer pool that are not yet cast out to disk.

GDS reclaim processingAn automatic process that the storage management subsystem (SMS) performs when a generation data set (GDS) exists in deferred roll-in state and a job attempts to create a (+1) generation. When the job begins, SMS reclaims the GDS and uses its data set name for the new (+1) generation. GDS reclaim processing can be disabled. See also generation number.

general activityIn Backup, Recovery, and Media Services, an instruction to perform a specific operation such as *LOAD (load a new tape) or *EXIT (perform user exit).

general availability fixA fix that is available to all customers.

general data stream (GDS)A structured field that precedes all mapped conversation user data in the communications data stream. It consists of a length (LL), which is defined as the first 2 bytes of the structured field, and a general data stream identifier (GDS ID), which is defined as the next 2 bytes following the length field that identifies the GDS-defined format of the data.

general data stream variableAn RU substructure that is preceded by an identifier and a length field and includes either application data, user control data, or SNA-defined control data.

general documentIn DCF, a type of document whose description can apply to a variety of documents, from memoranda to technical manuals. It can be used as a catch-all category for documents that do not conform to any other type description.

general formatIn information analysis, the use of a character symbol for each unique data value. For example, all alphabetic characters in a column are replaced with the letter A.

General Inter-ORB Protocol (GIOP)A protocol that Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) uses to define the format of messages.

generalizationThe derivation of the definition of a class, function, or static data member from a template. An instantiation of a template function is a generalization.

generalized interactive executive (GIX)A function of the NetView Distribution Manager licensed program that provides the host system user with interactive use of the NetView Distribution Manager program.

generalized main scheduling (GMS)A set of algorithms that allow the system programmer to tailor job scheduling and selection to the specific needs of the installation.

Generalized Markup Language (GML)A language that can be used to identify the parts of a source document without respect to a particular processing system.

Generalized Object File Format (GOFF)This object module format extends the capabilities of object modules so that they can contain more information. It is required for XPLINK.

generalized path information unit trace (GPT)A record of the flow of path information units (PIUs) exchanged between the network control program and its attached resources. PIU trace records consist of up to 44 bytes of transmission header (TH), request/response header (RH), and request/response unit (RU) data.

generalized sequential access method (GSAM)A database access method that allows batch application programs to access a sequential data set record that is defined as a database record. This database record is handled as one unit, with no segments, fields, or hierarchical structure. Any records to be added are inserted at the end of the database. GSAM does not allow database records to be updated or deleted.

generalized sequential access method program communication block (GSAM PCB)The PCB that describes an application program's interface to a GSAM data set. One GSAM PCB is required for each GSAM data set view used by the application program.

generalized trace facility (GTF)A z/OS service program that records significant system events such as I/O interrupts, SVC interrupts, program interrupts, and external interrupts.

general job stepA method for running native operating system commands and executable programs on a host or a remote process server. General jobs have access to files stored within the repository and on the file system and can be used to control the input/output of analytical processing.

general ledger account (GL account)An account that is used to track expenses for various entities within a company, such as assets, locations, or tools.

general ledger code (GL code)A code that corresponds to financial account transactions. A company can assign different GL codes to different account groups.

general ledger feed (GL feed)A feed that is used to process invoices.

general logA general purpose log stream used by CICS for any of the following: forward recovery logs, autojournals, or user journals. See also system log.

General Parallel File System (GPFS)A high-performance shared-disk file system that can provide data access from nodes in a clustered system environment. See also information lifecycle management.

general poolIn a DFSMShsm environment with JES3, the collection of all DFSMShsm primary volumes added to that processor that have a mount status of permanently resident or reserved, that have the automatic recall attribute specified, and that have a mount attribute of storage or private.

General Public License (GPL)A GNU term for a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works.

general purpose audienceUsers whose primary domain of knowledge relates to tasks outside of information technology. See also specialized IT audience.

general purpose library (QGPL)A library that contains IBM-provided objects that are required for many system functions, and user-created objects that are not explicitly placed in a different library when they are created.

general-purpose processor coreA licensed processor core other than a Power IFL processor core. The AIX, IBM i, VIOS, and Linux partitions can be run on a general-purpose processor core.

general purpose register (GPR)An explicitly addressable register that can be used for a variety of purposes (for example, as an accumulator or an index register).

general resourceIn RACF, any system resource, other than an MVS data set, that is defined in the class descriptor table (CDT). In MVS, general resources include DASD volumes, tape volumes, load modules, terminals, IMS and CICS transactions and other CICS resources, and installation-defined resource classes.

general resource profileIn RACF, a profile that provides protection for one or more general resources. The information in the profile can include the general resource profile name, profile owner, universal access authority, access list, and other data. See also profile.

General System serviceA service that is used to coordinate other services or to manipulate variable data. See also service.

general topology manager (GTM)In Tivoli NetView, the component that accepts information about resources that are accessed through protocols other than the Internet Protocol, stores this information in a database, and displays it to the user.

General Use Programming Interface (GUPI)An interface, with few restrictions, for use in customer-written programs. The majority of programming interfaces are general-use programming interfaces, and are appropriate in a wide variety of application programs.

general userA user who has limited RACF privileges, such as logging on, accessing resources, and creating data sets. General users typically use and create RACF-protected resources, but have no authority to administer resources other than their own.

general workstationA workstation where activities other than printing and processing are carried out. A general workstation reporting to Tivoli Workload Scheduler for z/OS is usually manual, but it can also be automatic. Manual activities can include data entry and job setup.

generatable partAn EGL part that is generated into a single, compilable unit in the output code.

generate

To produce a computer program by selection of subsets from skeletal code under the control of parameters.

In DB2 for i5/OS, to produce, through the actions performed by a precompiler. For example, the precompiler generates host language statements and declarations that are embedded into the input source, and this modified source is then used as input to a compiler.

generated expression columnA generated column that is defined using an expression. See also generated column.

generated testA test that is created automatically by recording the user actions.

generated valueA property whose value is generated automatically when a mapping is executed.

generation

For some remote systems, the translation of a configuration into machine language.

The process of assembling and link editing definition statements so that resources can be identified to all the necessary programs in a network.

A means of referencing items in terms of time and ancestry so that an item without antecedents is designated as the first (n-th) generation and subsequent derivations are designated as n-1, n-2, and so on.

In a database outline, the consolidation levels within each dimension. A series of generations begins at the root of an outline, then contains the branches, and ends at the leaf level. For example, in the time dimension, Year is generation 1, Quarter is generation 2 and Month is generation 3.

generation data group (GDG)A chronological collection of historically related data sets that do not use the Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM); each data set is called a generation data set. See also generation data set.

generation data group base entryAn entry that permits a data set that does not use the Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) to be associated as a generation data set (GDS) with other data sets not using VSAM .

generation data set (GDS)One of the data sets in a generation data group (GDG); a GDS is historically related to the other data sets in the group. See also generation data group.

generation number

A number used to differentiate between the uses of the same i-node for several files or for different versions of the same file. When a file is created, an i-node is allocated for the file, and a new generation number is stored in the i-node for that file. Any use of an i-node with the wrong generation number indicates that the user's view of the file is out-of-date, or "stale."

The number of a generation within a generation data group (GDG). A zero represents the current generation of the group, a negative integer (-1) represents an older generation, and a positive integer (+1) represents a new generation that has not yet been cataloged. See also GDS reclaim processing.

genericRelating to, or characteristic of, a whole group or class.

generic alert

A Systems Network Architecture (SNA) Network Management Vector that enables a product to signal a problem to the network. CICSPlex SM uses generic alerts as part of its interface to NetView.

Alert information that is provided as text or is encoded using a method in which code points provide an index into short units of stored text. The use of generic alerts prevents the receiver from having to recognize and understand each unique problem for which an alert is sent. See also nongeneric alert.

An alert that is broadcast by Tivoli Workload Scheduler for z/OS, and collected by NetView, when an operation ends in error. Generic alerts can be specified as an option when defining application descriptions.

generic arrayAn array whose elements are initialized by external data and which is useful in performing some simple transformations.

generic assetAn authorized asset that is automatically created during automated linking, whenever an authorized asset cannot be found, matched, and linked to an authorized CI.

generic class

A class with no special behavior built in. The administrator can customize, save, and query a generic class.

generic collectionIn a Tivoli environment, a collection that contains objects representing resources of any type.

generic configuration itemAn authorized configuration item that is automatically created during automated linking, whenever an authorized CI cannot be found, matched, and linked to an authorized asset.

generic controller descriptionAn asynchronous controller description that is reserved for incoming calls on an X.25 packet-switching data network from a remote system or device that does not use SNA transmission protocols and whose location name and identifier are defined in configuration list QASYNCLOC in library QSYS.

generic data link control (GDLC)A generic interface definition that provides application and kernel users a common set of commands to control DLC device managers within the operating system. Requirements for entry-point definitions, functions provided, and data structures for all DLC managers are specified. The following DLCs conform to this interface: IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, standard Ethernet, SDLC, and Token Ring.

generic definitionAn object containing a set of formatting controls for mapping and printing any line data to a logical page of data.

generic envelope typeA value that defines a specific envelope type. The contents of this envelope are published so that it can be used as a common interchange format.

generic event listenerA service that listens to an external data source for incoming events and triggers policies based on the event data.

generic gateGives access to a set of functions that are provided by several domains.

generic interfaceThe interface, defined at a level that is independent of any particular programming language.

generic keyIn systems with VSAM, a leading portion of a key, containing characters that identify those records that are significant for a certain application. The key is one or more consecutive characters, taken from a data record, used to identify the record and establish its order with respect to other records.

The characters common to object names that can be used to identify a group of objects. A generic name ends with an asterisk (*). For example, ORD* identifies all objects whose names begin with the characters ORD.

In the hierarchical file system, a path name that contains one or more wildcard characters.

generic networkA Network Installation Management (NIM) network type used to define networks which are not currently known by NIM to support network boot operations.

generic objectAn object that is used in API calls and XPATH expressions to refer to concepts, custom entities, or collections. For example, the XPATH expression /WSRR/GenericObject will retrieve all concepts from WebSphere Service Registry and Repository.

generic port (G_port)A port on a Fibre Channel switch that can function either as a fabric port (F_port) or as an expansion port (E_port). The functionality of a G_port is determined during port login: a G_port functions as an F_port when connected to a node port (N_port) and as an E_port when connected to an E_port.

generic primary keyA primary key that can be used by a set of tables that have the same base name, key columns, and attributes, but different creator IDs.

generic serverA server or process, such as a Java server, a C or C++ server or process, a CORBA server, or a Remote Method Invocation (RMI) server, that is managed in the product administrative domain and supports the product environment.

generic server clusterA group of remote servers that need routing by the proxy server.

generic setA conjunction of expressions of the form p in S : condition where p is a parameter (or a tuple of parameters), S is a range, a string, or a finite set, and condition is an expression. These expressions are also used in forall statements and aggregate operators. They are often useful to transform a data structure, such as the data stored in a file, into a data structure more appropriate for stating the model effectively.

generic table functionA table UDF whose output table format is specified when the UDF is referenced, instead of when the UDF is defined.

generic thresholdThe number of times that a data value can occur in the database for multiple entities before that data value is considered a generic value. See also generic value.

generic unit nameA name assigned to a class of devices that share the same hardware characteristics. See also esoteric unit name.

generic valueA data value that occurred in the database for one or more entities a specific number of times. For example, a telephone number with a value of 555-555-5555 might be considered a generic value after it occurs in the database 10 times. See also generic threshold.

Generic Windows playback policyA policy that collects performance data played back from a recorded sequence of actions in a Microsoft Windows application. Generic Windows uses the time measurement calls and threshold settings to detect performance problems and send violation events when threshold violations occur.

genucodeA program to download microcode to a specific adapter or device. This program is provided with a microcode update.

To assign latitude and longitude values to an address in order to compute distances between sites.

geo-codeIn WebSphere Commerce, an application-specific code representing a geographical region. See also jurisdiction.

geocoderIn DB2 Spatial Extender, a scalar function that translates existing data into data that can be understood in spatial terms. For example, a geocoder that is supplied by Spatial Extender translates United States addresses into instances of a spatial data type. Another geocoder might translate the identifier of a shelf in a warehouse into data that identifies the location of that shelf in the warehouse.

geodesic distanceThe shortest path between two points on the ellipsoidal shape of the Earth.

geofenceA circle or a polygon that defines a geographical area.

Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex (GDPS)An application that integrates Parallel Sysplex technology and remote copy technology to enhance application availability and improve disaster recovery. GDPS topology is a Parallel Sysplex cluster spread across two sites, with all critical data mirrored between the sites. GDPS manages the remote copy configuration and storage subsystems; automates Parallel Sysplex operational tasks; and automates failure recovery from a single point of control.

geographic coordinate systemIn DB2 Spatial Extender, a reference system that uses latitude and longitude to define locations on the surface of a sphere or spheroid.

geographic featureAn object on the surface of the Earth (such as a city or river), a space (such as a safety zone around a hazardous site), or an event that occurs at a location (such as an auto accident that occurred at a particular intersection). See also geographic information system.

geographic information system (GIS)A complex of objects, data, and applications that is used to create and analyze spatial information about geographic features. See also DB2 Spatial Extender, geographic feature.

Geographic Logical Volume Manager (GLVM)A facility that increases data availability for IBM volumes that use it to copy data to a remote site for disaster recovery purposes.

geographic mirroringA subfunction of cross-site mirroring (XSM) that generates a mirror image of an independent disk pool on a system, which is (optionally) geographically distant from the originating site for availability or protection purposes.

GETIn HTTP, a parameter on the METHOD attribute of the <FORM> tag that specifies that a browser will append form data to the end of a URL when sending the form data to a server.

getIn message queuing, to use the MQGET call to remove a message from a queue and return its contents to the calling application. See also browse, put.

Get DataA command in the web client that loads the screen that displays local links and system links.

getpageAn operation in which DB2 for z/OS accesses a data page.

getter methodA method whose purpose is to get the value of an instance or class variable. This allows another object to find out the value of one of its variables. See also accessor method, mutator method, setter method.

ghost engineAn analytic engine that is no longer associated with a channel definition. In some instances, ghost engines can consume server resources and lower the efficiency of the server that they are running on.

ghost instrumentIn the Performance Toolbox, an empty space in the console where an instrument used to be, usually caused when a console designed for one system contains instruments not available on the current system. Ghost instruments occupy a space and prevent a new instrument from being defined in that same space or other instruments from being moved or resized to use the space.

gigabaud (Gbaud)A unit of measure equal to one thousand million symbol changes on a communication channel per second.

gigabit (Gb)In data communications, 10 to the power of 9 or 1,000,000,000 bits. See also gigabyte.

Gigabit EthernetA variation of the Ethernet protocol that is capable of transmitting data at one billion bits per second. Gigabit Ethernet on the System i family is supported only by TCP/IP in full-duplex mode. See also asynchronous transfer mode, OSA-Express.

gigabit interface converter (GBIC)An encoding/decoding device that is a class-1 laser component assembly with transmitting and receiving receptacles that connect to fiber-optic cables. GBICs perform a serial optical-to-electrical and electrical-to-optical conversion of the signal. The GBICs in the switch can be hot-swapped.

gigabits per second (Gbps)A measure of high speed bandwidth on a digital data transmission medium such as optical fiber. See also kilobits per second.

gigabit switchA 16-port, Fibre Channel gigabit switch.

gigabyte (GB)For processor storage, real and virtual storage, and channel volume, two to the power of 30 or 1,073,741,824 bytes. For disk storage capacity and communications volume, 1,000,000,000 bytes. See also gibibyte, gigabit.

G keyboardAn IBM keyboard for programmable workstations. It has 101 keys in the United States, 106 in Japan, 103 on the IBM 3270 and 3151 terminals, and 102 in all other versions. It also includes a numeric keypad. See also 1A keyboard.

Pertaining to information available to more than one program or subroutine. See also local.

Pertaining to all places in a document or file.

Pertaining to an element that is available to any process in the workspace. A global element appears in the project tree and can be used in multiple processes. Tasks, processes, repositories, and services can be either global (referenced by any process in the project) or local (specific to a single process). See also local.

global access checkingAn RACF feature that is used to improve performance of authorization checking for selected resources.

global access layerA layer in a security system that is used to define settings for an application or database.

global aggregateA value that is computed from a collection of objects. Examples of global aggregates are average, count, maximum, minimum, and sum.

global application management services delivery (GAMSD)

global area

A storage area used for communication between two or more main programs.

An uninitialized portion of a partition accessible by any program of a task set in the partition at a given time. The same area may be used by other task sets that run in the same partition.

global assetA library item that is available to the entire process application in which it is located. For example, environment variables for a process application are global assets and can be called from any implementation.

Global Asset Recovery Services (GARS)

global attribute

In XML, an attribute that is declared as a child of the schema element rather than as part of a complex type definition. Global attributes can be referenced in one or more content models using the ref attribute.

A generic attribute definition created at the installation level that can be copied to any module within the installation.

global availabilityThe total number of items of a specific type that are available for shipment from all nodes.

global billing system (GBS)A system that automatically generates bills for customers, searches for billable audit events, and creates a billing file.

global breakableIn Java, an object that is often affected when any other system object changes. See also global butterfly.

global breakpointIn an EGL debugging session, a rule that causes processing to suspend at every statement for which a specified condition evaluates to TRUE.

Global Business Services (GBS)An IBM organization that partners with clients to create and implement premium business solutions in areas ranging from finance and analytics to human capital and procurement through deep industry expertise and high-powered technology.

global butterflyIn Java, an object that changes many other objects outside of its immediate relationships when it itself changes. See also global breakable.

global catalog

In a federated system, the database system catalog. The catalog contains information about objects in the federated database and at the data source. The catalog also contains information about the entire federated system. The information in the global catalog is used by the query optimizer to plan the best way to process SQL statements.

A system data set in which CICS records CICS system information. See also local catalog.

A table that contains a global inventory of enterprise replication configuration information.

global catalog domainTogether with the local catalog domain, a repository used by other CICS domains to hold information to allow an orderly restart. The two catalog domains enable CICS code to read, write, and purge records on the global and local catalog data sets so that a record of the CICS state can be maintained when CICS is not running.

global commandA command that is recognized and honored by any node in a JES2 network.

Global Commerce Initiative (GCI)A voluntary body that was created in October 1999 to improve the performance of the international supply chain for consumer goods through the collaborative development and endorsement of recommended standards and important business processes.

global commit coordinatorThe sync point manager that controls the overall result of the two-phase commit process in a distributed transaction.

global configuration fileA configuration file that is distributed from the primary system in a push-to-client environment. See also push-to-client.

global configuration management (GCM)A process for gathering configurations from multiple tools that helps visualize and manage relationships in the development lifecycle by tracking artifact links across lifecycle tools and stages. See also configuration, configuration management, global configuration.

global dataData that can be addressed by any process while in kernel mode, for example, tables, such as the open file table and process table, and other data maintained by the kernel, such as buffer pointers.

global database configuration parameterA database configuration parameter that has a single value across all members for a database in a DB2 pureScale environment.

Global Data Synchronization Network (GDSN)A global network that facilitates the synchronization of item information between retailers and suppliers by using a single global registry, comprised of selected data pools.

global delivery modelA model in which clients outsource components of their IT infrastructure operations to multiple service providers, who in turn use a combination of onsite and offsite (including offshore) resources to manage the components on behalf of their clients. Global Process Services (GPS) A leading business process outsourcing (BPO) provider, offering solutions for customer relationship management, finance and administration, human resources, and supply chain management through process innovation.

global directory agent (GDA)A Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) component that makes it possible for the local control data set CDS to access names in foreign cells.

Global Directory Service (GDS)The DCE Directory Service component that locates other cells using global cell names. GDS can use an X.500-based directory service or the Internet distributed directory service called Domain Name Service (DNS). See also Cell Directory Service.

global domainA group of Domino domains, such as Sales1, Sales2, and Marketing, under a single Internet domain, such as renovations.com. All outbound SMTP mail, whether it originates from the Sales1 or Marketing domains, has the return address acme.com.

global elementIn XML, an element that is declared as a child of the schema element rather than as part of a complex type definition. Global elements can be referenced in one or more content models using the ref attribute.

global error tableA method employed by some high-level languages, such as C and Fortran, to determine actions for handling conditions. Whereas Language Environment condition handling actions are defined at the stack frame level, actions defined using the global error table apply to an entire application until explicitly changed.

Global Expense Reporting System (GERS)

global file name characterEither a question mark (?) or an asterisk (*) used as a variable in a file name or file name extension when referring to a particular file or group of files.

global file setThe root file set in the global namespace.

global file systemA single file system that provides complete, shared access to both Windows and UNIX clients in the same environment. See also file-placement rule.

global footerA footer that is applied to all of the tables in the table document. Any other footers that have been defined for any of the tables appear after the global footer.

global gatewayTwo or more full talent gateways in multiple languages that have been grouped together to create one candidate experience to search and apply for jobs across multiple languages/countries.

global headerA header that is applied to all of the tables in the table document. Any other headers that have been defined for any of the tables appear after the global header.

global hold reminderA type of automatic reminder for hold notices only that bundles all of a custodian's ongoing preservation obligations into a single notification. Rather than receive an automatic reminder email for each obligation, custodians receive a single message that tells them to go to the My Holds module and review their obligations. Not all hold notices must use the global hold reminder: for each hold notice, the notice author has the choice of using the global hold reminder, a notice-specific reminder, or none at all.

global identifierIn MO:DCA, an encoded graphic character string that provides a reference name for a document element.

global inactive stateThe state of all file systems to which space management has been added when space management is globally deactivated for a client node.

global instance identifierA globally unique identifier that is generated either by the application or by the emitter and is used as a primary key for event identification.

globalization

The general process of worldwide economic, political, technological and social integration.

In computing, the provision of a single software solution that has multicultural support, and a user interface and documentation that is available in one or more languages. See also multicultural support, multilingual computing.

globalization architectureA software development model for developing globalized products that includes a single executable for all languages, the use of Unicode for handling multilingual data, a locale model, localization packs, input and output of multilingual data, and a globalization programming model.

Globalization Architecture and Technology Team (GATT)A group of globalization experts who represent the IBM product divisions. The GATT owns and maintains the Globalization Architecture Imperatives (GAI) and also provides implementation guidance to developers.

Globalization Architecture Imperatives (GAI)The fundamental principles that guide the design and implementation of globalization architecture to support globalization requirements for IBM products.

globalization plan assumption (GPA)A basic information entry in the GBMS tool that describes the G11N plan for a product.

globalization processThe process of modifying a program to make it globalized. See also globalized program.

globalization programming modelA programming model whereby the layers in the computer system -- platform, operating system, middleware, and application, can reuse the globalization features of the layer below it.

globalization verification test (GVT)All testing necessary to provide adequate confidence that a software or hardware product will satisfy given requirements for language support, cultural support, and multilingual support and that the product's user interface and messages are translatable. See also translation verification test.

Global Location Number (GLN)A unique 13-digit number that is used to identify a trade location. The first seven digits represent the company prefix, the next five digits represent the trade location, and the last digit is the check digit.

global lock

A lock that provides concurrency control within and among DB2 subsystems. The scope of the lock is across all DB2 subsystems of a data sharing group.

An IRLM lock that interests two IRLMs; both must coordinate to grant it.

global lock contentionA conflict on locking requests between different members of a data sharing group when those members are trying to serialize shared resources.

global lock manager (GLM)A component that runs on a cluster caching facility and coordinates the lock requests made by the local lock manager running on each member. See also local lock manager.

global logical variableIn information analysis, a value that you set to represent a specific piece of data. It is a shared construct that can be used in all data rule definitions.

globally defined objectOn z/OS, an object whose definition is stored in the shared repository. The object is available to all queue managers in the queue-sharing group. See also locally defined object.

Globally Distributed, Highly Available (GDHA)

globally RACLISTed profileAn in-storage profile for RACF-defined resources that are shared across a system. See also locally RACLISTed profile.

global mainThe global address space that controls job scheduling and device allocation for a complex of JES3 processors. See also local main.

global master retention scheduleA master retention schedule that applies to all countries or regions that do not otherwise declare a country or region master.

Global Mirror

A method of an asynchronous replication that maintains data consistency across multiple volumes within or across multiple systems. Global Mirror is generally used where distances between the source site and target site cause increased latency beyond what the application can accept.

A hardware and software remote-copy service option that provides an asynchronous volume copy across storage subsystems for disaster recovery, device migration, and workload migration.

An optional capability of the remote mirror and copy feature that provides a two-site extended-distance remote copy. Data that is written by the host to the storage unit at the local site is automatically maintained at the remote site. See also Global Copy, Metro Mirror, remote mirror and copy.

An asynchronous copy service that enables host data on a volume to be mirrored over long distances to a volume in a remote location.

global moderatorA Java EE role that can review and manage community content from the global moderation interface.

global mutexA mutual exclusion lock that is provided by the pthreads library to allow easy serialization to application resources.

global name

In Managed System Services, the name by which an object is known to SNA File Services (SNA/FS). SNA/FS enables objects to be uniquely named in an SNA network with systems of different types.

In COBOL, a name that is declared in only one program but that may be referred to from that program and from any program contained within that program. Condition names, data names, file names, record names, and some special registers may be global names.

global operating modeAn operating mode that determines how deployment requests are created and approved for all managed applications.

global optimization guidelineAn optimization guideline that applies to all DML statements for which an optimization profile is in effect. See also optimization guideline.

global optimizerIn a federated system, a feature of the DB2 SQL Compiler that analyzes distributed queries and determines the most efficient way to run them. The global optimizer evaluates queries based on resource cost.

global optionsConfiguration options defined on the master domain manager using optman. These options apply to all workstations in the Tivoli Workload Scheduler network. See also local options.

global orientationThe direction in which text is stored. It can be right to left (RTL) or left to right (LTR).

global plannerAn expert in planning translation projects.

global pollingIn Managed System Services, a type of polling used by the topology manager when collecting topology information for all the systems in the network.

global processorThe processor that controls job scheduling and device allocation for a complex of processors.

Global Process Services (GPS)

Global Product Classification (GPC)A set of common categories that provides a common language to buyers and sellers for grouping products in the same manner globally.

global project executive (GPE)IBM Global Services role.

global propertyA property template that has not been assigned to a class.

global record

In SQL replication, the row in the register table that defines global replication characteristics for an instance of the Capture program.

An incident or a problem with a root cause that is the cause of many other issues, or that affects many users.

Global RegistryA data pool that serves as the worldwide source for companies to store product data, ensuring that business partners have access to accurate, up-to-date, industry-compliant business information.

global registryA file created during a root installation of a DB2 product on a UNIX or Linux system. The file contains information such as service records, instance records (instance name, instance path), variable records (variable names, variable values), and DAS information.

global resourceA common SAA Print resource that can be used anywhere in the SAA network.

global resource identifier (GRID)

An identifier that indicates a global resource in the SAA network. This identifier is unique across all systems in the network.

An 8-byte identifier that identifies a coded font resource. A GRID contains the following fields in the order listed: GCSGID of a minimum set of graphic characters required for presentation. It can be a character set that is associated with the code page, or with the font character set, or with both. CPGID of the associated code page. FGID of the associated font character set Font width in 1440ths of an inch.

The portion of namespace scope that is not contained in a namespace definition. See also namespace scope.

The portion of a source program that is not contained within a class, function, or namespace definition.

global scratch poolA group of empty tapes that do not have unique serial numbers and are not known individually to DFSMShsm. The tapes are not associated with a specific device.

global search characterIn Tivoli Workload Scheduler for z/OS, a percent sign (%), which represents any single character or an asterisk (*), which represents any character string of any length.

global securityPertains to all applications running in the environment and determines whether security is used, the type of registry used for authentication, and other values, many of which act as defaults.

global sequenceAn XML sequence that contains node references that are potentially on different database partitions.

global serverIn the DCE Distributed Time Service (DTS), a server that provides its clock value to courier servers on other cells, or to DTS entities that have failed to obtain the specified number of servers locally.

global service group (GSG)The collection of all IMS subsystems that can access a particular set of databases. A global service group can span several z/OS systems at more than one geographical location.

Global Technology Services (GTS)An IBM organization that offers end-to-end IT consulting and business services supported by a global delivery network. GTS has two lines of business: Infrastructure Services and Technical Support Services (TSS).

Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)A mechanism to cross-reference product identifiers. The GTIN is the identification number for uniquely identifying trade items (products and services) that are sold, delivered, warehoused, and billed throughout the retail and commercial distribution channels.

A recoverable unit of work performed by one or more resource managers in a distributed transaction environment and coordinated by an external transaction manager.

A unit of work in a distributed transaction processing environment in which multiple resource managers are required.

global transaction identifier (GTRID)The part of an event identifier (EID) that uniquely identifies all of the nodes in a distributed transaction.

global transaction management (GTX)The monitoring of transactions that can include operations on two or more different data sources. This feature enables databases or servers to be returned to a pre-transaction state if an error occurs. Either all databases and servers are updated or none are. The advantage of this strategy is that databases and servers remain synchronized and data remains consistent.

global user exitA point in a CICS module at which CICS can pass control to a user-written program (known as an exit program), and then resume control when the program has finished. When an exit program is enabled for a particular exit point, the program is called every time the exit point is reached. See also task-related user exit.

global variable

A symbol defined in one program module that is used in other program modules that are independently compiled.

A named entity within query management that can be assigned a value used for communications between an application program and query management. The entity is accessible from both the application program and query management. See also runtime variable.

A variable that is used to hold and manipulate values assigned to it during translation and that is shared across maps and across document translations. One of the three types of variables supported by the Data Interchange Services mapping command language.

A variable used to contain information for the use of actions. The values of global variables can be extracted from a host screen or elsewhere, and can be used in templates, transformations, macros, Integration Objects, or business logic. A global variable can be a single value or an array, and it can be shared with other applications sharing the same session.

A variable or identifier whose scope of reference is all of the modules in a program. See also scope of reference.

A variable that is available to all queries. For example, a date range can be defined as a global variable so that it does not have to be re-keyed for multiple queries.

global variable poolIn query management, the set of all user- and query-defined variables associated with a query instance.

global variable tableThe JCL variable table that Tivoli Workload Scheduler for z/OS checks for a variable substitution value if no value is found in the specific JCL variable table associated with the operation.

global warming potential (GWP)A measure of how much a given mass or greenhouse gas is estimated to contribute to global warming. The GWP value is used to convert N2O and CH4 to a CO2 equivalent.

global work area (GWA)An area provided by CICS for a user exit program when the user exit program is enabled.

global zone

Logical division of the SMP/E consolidated software inventory (CSI).

A zone that contains a fully functional installation of the Solaris operating system. Global zones control the installation, maintenance, operation, and destruction of non-global zones. See also non-global zone.

Globus certificate serviceAn online service that issues low-quality GSI certificates for people who want to experiment with Grid (or distributed) computing components that require certificates but have no other means to acquire certificates. The Globus certificate service is not a true CA. Certificates from the Globus certificate service are intended solely for experimentation. Use caution when using these certificates, for they are not intended for use in production systems. See also certificate authority.

glossA unit of information associated with a dictionary entry, such as lemma, part of speech, morphosyntactic category, frequency of usage, or synonym. Glosses can refer to other glosses, because common sets of information are often combined into a single instance of a gloss and then multiply referenced.

A graphic symbol whose appearance conveys information, for example, the vertical and horizontal arrows on cursor keys that indicate the directions in which they control cursor movement.

A shape in a font that is used to represent a character code on screen or paper. The most common example of a glyph is a letter, but the symbols and shapes in a dingbats font are also glyphs.

The actual shape (bit pattern, outline) of a character image. For example, italic A and roman A are two different glyphs representing the same underlying character. Strictly speaking, any two images which differ in shape constitute different glyphs. In this usage, glyph is a synonym for character image, or simply image (The Unicode Standard – Version 1.0).

GML delimiterA special character that denotes the start of GML markup. In the starter set, it is initially a colon (:).

GML end tag delimiterA special character that denotes the end of GML markup. In the starter set, it is initially a period (.).

GML interpretationThe process of recognizing the start or end of an element (or an attribute label), associating it with an APF, and executing the APF. In SCRIPT/VS, interpretation is performed jointly by SCRIPT/VS and by APFs.

GNU Network Object Model Environment (GNOME)A desktop environment that is built on open source ideals that prides itself on being free, user-friendly, widely accessible, standardized, developer-friendly, well-formed and well-supported.

goal

The means by which an engine implements a search algorithm. See also search strategy.

The criteria on which ODM optimizes, either maximizing or minimizing a weighted sum.

In a policy-enabled system, a type of unsolicited decision that defines an objective that a managed resource must meet. A goal consists of a logic expression that defines the constraint and evaluation strategy, which defines when to evaluate the constraint. Based on a goal, an autonomic manager attempts to manage the behavior of a managed resource. In Policy Management for Autonomic Computing, goals are not supported.

goal mode

A mode of processing in which the active service policy determines system resource management.

A workload management mode for an MVS image in a sysplex using an MVS workload management service definition to automatically and dynamically balance its system resources according to the active service policy for the sysplex.

golden attributeAn attribute that is maintained by the Emptoris Strategic Supply Management platform and is synchronized to the integrating applications. Each application decides which golden attribute to replicate.

golden master imageAn archive of the file system that is put on managed computer systems. It includes the operating system, software, and data or configuration files.

go liveTo become operational.

goodAn asset health condition that indicates that the asset is operating at a high level without problems.

goodness of fit criteriaThe criteria that determines the best clustering model for data during the automated cluster model building process.

goods received note (GRN)The document or process through which delivered services are presented to a customer for payment processing.

GopherIn Internet communications, a distributed information service that makes available hierarchical collections of information. A single Gopher client can access information from any accessible Gopher server. The Gopher client provides the user with a menu-driven interface.

gossip protocolA multicast protocol that sends an IP packet with a message in the payload to a group of nodes so that information regarding the cluster membership can be shared.

Gosstandart (GOST)The national standards-setting organization of the former USSR. Since the fragmentation of the USSR, this organization has uncertain status. Some of the former republics such as Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia now have their own independent standards-setting organizations.

go-to instructionA routing instruction that informs the interviewer or respondent which questionnaire item to go to next based on the answer to the current question.

go to production (GTP)A process in the Contributor Administration Console that takes the development application and creates the live production application.

goto statementIn programming languages, a statement that transfers control to another point in a program.

Gouraud shadingA method of shading polygons smoothly based on the intensities at their vertices. The color is uniformly interpolated along each edge, and then the edge values are uniformly interpolated along each scan line. For realistic shading, colors should be gamma corrected.

governanceThe decision-making processes in the administration of an organization. The rights and responsibilities of these processes are typically shared among the organization's participants, especially the management and stakeholders.

governance lifecycleA lifecycle that represents the states and transitions that can exist in SOA deployment.

governance modelA model that specifies the policies for using and relating assets and asset metadata, such as categories and attributes.

governance policy validator (GPV)A sample validator that enables the user to control the operations that can be performed on specific entities based on the metadata that is attached to those entities.

governance processA process that ensures that compliance and operational polices are enforced, and that change occurs in a controlled fashion and with appropriate authority as envisioned by the business design.

governance stateA state defined within the governance lifecycle, for example, "created", "planned", or "specified".

governance web serviceA service that retrieves information and runs actions, relating to the governance of objects, from a web service client.

governed collectionGroup of objects on which an operation may be performed automatically, as a result of an initial operation.

governed entityControls visibility of artifacts as well as controlling who can perform which actions on specific governed entities.

governor

A set of rules to limit user activities, such as the execution of reports, that either take too long or consume too many resources.

GPFS portability layerThe interface module that each installation must build for its specific hardware platform and Linux distribution.

GPFS recovery logA file that contains a record of metadata activity and that exists for each node of a cluster. In the event of a node failure, the recovery log for the failed node is replayed, restoring the file system to a consistent state and allowing other nodes to continue working.

A procedure by which a window acts upon a key or button event that occurs for it or any of its descendents. This precludes the necessity of setting up translations for all windows.

The act of selecting keyboard keys, the keyboard, pointer buttons, the pointer, and the server for exclusive use by a client. In general, these facilities are not intended to be used by normal applications, but are intended for various input and window managers to implement various styles of user interfaces. See also active grab, passive grab.

graceful stopA function that stops PowerHA SystemMirror cluster services on a cluster node and takes offline any applications that were under the control of PowerHA SystemMirror.

graceful stop with takeoverA function that stops PowerHA SystemMirror cluster services on a cluster node and moves any applications that were under the control of PowerHA SystemMirror to an available backup node.

grace period

The time period during a cluster event when interface reconfiguration might be in progress and networks are not monitored.

A time during which a customer might be entitled to use more than one version of a licensed product on the same machine, without paying two license fees.

gradeA rating that indicates the accuracy of a piece of information or the reliability of an intelligence source.

grading systemA rating scale that is used to classify information in a data store or on a chart. A grading system is a measure of reliability and accuracy.

graduated monthly license charge (GMLC)A monthly charge for mainframe software that is based on the power of the processor on which the software runs.

grainIn a FlashCopy bitmap, the unit of data represented by a single bit.

grain sizeThe unit size for allocating space on thin-provisioned volumes, such as 32, 64, 128, and 256 kibibyte. The grain size is defined when a volume is created.

grammar

A document type definition (DTD) or schema providing a structured format used for successful processing by the trace service.

A structured collection of words and phrases bound together by rules. A grammar defines the set of all words, phrases and sentences that might be spoken by a caller and are recognized by the engine. A grammar differs from a vocabulary in that it provides rules that govern the order in which words and phrases can be joined together.

grammar maskA set of values with grammatical and occasionally morphological information about the word. Grammatically ambiguous word forms have multiple grammar masks.

grammar ruleA structure rule in a parser program.

grammatical editorAn editor that modifies the grammar and spelling of educational content.

grant functional transmission (GFT)In MTAM, a control character indicating that the host system gives permission to i5/OS to send data or that i5/OS gives permission to the host system to send data. See also request functional transmission.

grant levelA measure of the rights that a user has to change the security permissions of an item. Grant levels are calculated separately for every user and every item. See also access level, security dimension.

granularityThe extent to which a larger entity is subdivided. For example, a meter broken into millimeters has finer granularity than a meter broken into centimeters.

A representation of the complete road network being monitored. See also link, node.

The displayed, printed, or plotted output that represents one, two, or three axis variables specified by the user for a collection of data. Examples of graphs are scatterplots, bar charts, and histograms.

graph formatIn Performance Tools, a template used to display performance and historical graphs. The graph format consists of such things as titles, axis variables, and the type of graph.

graphic

Any raster pattern representation, for example, of a character or a line drawing.

A symbol produced by a process such as handwriting, drawing, or printing.

Image, text, or a combination of both that can be placed in a document. See also coordinate graphic.

Graphical Data Display Manager (GDDM)An IBM computer-graphics system that defines and displays text and graphics for output on a display or printer.

graphical identification and authentication (GINA)A dynamic link library that provides a user interface that is tightly integrated with authentication factors and provides password resets and second factor bypass options.

graphical interchange format (GIF)In NetView for AIX, the format that is used for the background pictures of a network topology map.

Graphical Process Modeler (GPM)A stand-alone graphical interface tool that is used in Sterling B2B Integrator to create and modify business processes. The GPM converts the graphical representation of business processes to well-formed BPML (source code) and saves the effort of writing code.

graphical user interface (GUI)A computer interface that presents a visual metaphor of a real-world scene, often of a desktop, by combining high-resolution graphics, pointing devices, menu bars and other menus, overlapping windows, icons and the object-action relationship. See also graphical user interface server.

A visual representation of a character, other than a control character, that is normally produced by writing, printing, or displaying. See also character graphic, glyph.

A member of a set of symbols that represent data. Graphic characters can be letters, digits, punctuation marks, or other symbols. See also character graphic.

A graphic symbol, such as a numeric, alphabetic, or special character (see C-S 3-3220-019 Corporate Standard).

graphic character conversion alternative selection number (GCCASN)A parameter of a function call to a graphic character data conversion process that facilitates selecting a specific conversion method and associated conversion tables from different alternatives.

graphic character conversion selection table (GCCST)A table used in the graphic character data conversion process to manage the access to the various conversion methods and associated conversion tables under its sphere of control.

graphic character global identifier (GCGID)

An identifier with up to 8 alphanumeric characters that is uniquely assigned to a graphic character in IBM standards. The GCGID specification also provides a short description for each GCGID (see C-H 3-3220-055 Corporate Standard).

A 4- to 8-character alphanumeric identifier assigned to a registered graphic character. Each graphic character that is to be assigned a code point must have a GCGID. Each GCGID is unique.

graphic character modificationA process in which graphic characters are substituted or extended in a previously defined character arrangement. See also graphic character modification module.

graphic character modification module (GRAPHMOD)A program module that defines a graphic character modification with scan patterns of IBM-supplied character sets, user-defined character sets, or both. See also graphic character modification.

A defined set of graphic characters treated as an entity. No coded representation is assumed.

graphic character set global identifier (GCSGID)

A number between 00001 and 65534 that is assigned to identify a graphic character set. For i5/OS, the graphic character set global identifier is expressed as a 5-digit decimal number. For example, the invariant character set has the GCSGID of 00640.

A unique five-digit decimal number assigned to a graphic character set in IBM standards. The range of GCSGID values is 00001 to 65534 or x’0001’ to x’FFFE’ (see C-S 3-3220-019 Corporate Standard).

A unique graphic character set identifier that can be expressed as either a 2-byte binary value or a 5-digit decimal value.

graphic character-set IDA 5-digit registered identifier used to specify a graphic character set. The graphic character-set ID is the first part of the QCHRID system value or the CHRID parameter value.

graphic communication server (GCS)The part of the NetView Graphic Monitor Facility that uses LU 6.2 to transport data between the NetView program and the server workstation and between the server workstation and its client workstations.

graphic dataData that has an associated coding representation that defines how to interpret each specific pattern of bits that are grouped into one or more 2-byte sequences.

graphic data server (GDS)The part of the NetView management console that receives network management data from Tivoli NetView for OS/390, maintains this data (except for dynamically created view information), and correlates this data with views.

graphic data typeA character string in which each character is represented by 2 bytes. The character string does not contain shift-in (SI) and shift-out (SO) characters. See also DBCS-only.

graphic differenceA visual difference that does not have an effect on the logic of a model.

graphic keyA key in a keyboard whose primary purpose is the input of a graphic character or of an element of a graphic character. Some of these keys may also have a secondary purpose for input of a control function (see ISO/IEC 9995-1). See also function key.

graphic push buttonA button that uses an image, rather than text, to describe its use.

graphics

Pictures and illustrations.

Charts, pictures, illustrations, and tables created from fundamental drawing units such as lines, curves, and polygons.

graphics command setIn IPDS architecture, a collection of commands used to present GOCA data in a page, page segment, or overlay.

graphics context (GC, GContext)In the Enhanced X-Windows Toolkit, the storage area for various kinds of graphics output, such as foreground pixels, background pixels, line widths, and clipping regions. A graphics context can be used only with drawables that have the same root and the same depth as the graphics context.

graphics dataData containing lines, arcs, markers, and other constructs that describe a picture.

graphics data file (GDF)A picture definition in a coded format that is used by the Graphical Data Display Manager (GDDM) to optionally provide the user with a lower-level program interface than the GDDM application program interface (API).

graphics data format (GDF)In AFP Utilities, the ability to create an AFP resource, such as an electronic overlay.

graphics data format file (GDF file)A picture definition in a coded order format used internally by the GDDM function and, optionally, providing the user with a lower-level programming interface than the GDDM application programming interface.

graphics modeAn alternative display mode for formal modules. The module structure is displayed as a tree and each object in the module is represented as a box showing a selected attribute.

graphics model spaceA 2-dimensional conceptual space in which a picture is constructed. All model transforms are completed before a picture is constructed in a graphics model space. See also graphics presentation space.

graphics object areaA rectangular area on a logical page into which a graphics presentation space window is mapped.

graphics presentation spaceA two-dimensional conceptual space in which a picture is constructed. In this space graphics drawing orders are defined. The picture can then be mapped onto an output medium. All viewing transforms are completed before the picture is generated for presentation on an output medium. An example of a graphics presentation space is the abstract space containing graphics pictures defined in an IPDS Write Graphics Control command. See also graphics model space.

graphics presentation space windowThe portion of a graphics presentation space that can be mapped to a graphics object area on a logical page.

graphics primitive

A basic construct used by an output device to draw a picture; for example, an arc, line, fillet, character string, and marker.

In the GDDM function, a single item of graphics information, such as a line or a string of graphics text.

graphics processorThe processing capability required to interpret a GOCA object, that is, to present the picture represented by the object. It includes the environment interface, which interprets commands and instructions, and the drawing processor, which interprets the drawing orders.

graphics processor unitA specialized processor designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display.

graphics segmentIn the GDDM function, a group of graphics primitives (lines, arcs, and text) that are operated as a common set. The graphics primitives inside a graphics segment share characteristics, such as visibility and angle of rotation, but keep their individual characteristics, such as color and line width.

graph viewA graphical view in the Job Scheduling Console used to modify and maintain job streams in the database and the plan. See also plan.

gratuitous ARPAn ARP reply when there was no ARP request that recommends that all hosts on the network receive the ARP reply and refresh their ARP cache. For IP address takeover via IP aliases to be successful, systems and devices connected to the network must be configured to support gratuitous ARP. See also Address Resolution Protocol, IP address takeover via IP aliases.

gravityIn Enhanced X-Windows, the attraction to a location within a window exerted upon the contents of windows or subwindows. Gravity determines how the window ID is resized.

gray levelIn the GDDM function, a digitally coded shade of gray that is in a range of 0 through 7.

gray scale

In Enhanced X-Windows, a type of degenerate pseudocolor where the red, green, and blue values in any given color map entry are equal, thus producing shades of gray. The gray values can be changed dynamically.

A scale that indicates the shades of gray between black and white that can be presented on a display device.

In a grayscale adapter, the different levels of intensity corresponding to the shades of gray produced.

gray-scale imageAn image that is represented by different gray values that range from white to black.

greatest lower bound (GLB)On a decision variable, the largest number that is less than the variable. Greatest lower bounds are important in mathematical programming and constraint programming in the context of setting bounds on variables as tightly as possible. See also least upper bound, lower bound.

green bankingAn approach to banking that endorses environmental reforms by both the bank and its clients. For example, environmental reforms can include the use of eco-efficient office buildings or loans for energy efficient home renovations.

green data centerA data center that uses energy-efficient computer services and is housed in an energy-efficient building. See also data center.

Green Sigma (GS)An IBM initiative that combines the principles of Six Sigma and energy efficiency. See also Six Sigma.

green threadAn end-to-end workflow, based on real-world scenarios and usage, that a customer might follow to successfully accomplish a particular goal or handle a specific situation or event. Green threads are created as part of product planning and design to indicate where the workflow is not optimal, where functions are missing, where products or functions do not integrate well, and where there are market opportunities that are not being addressed.

Greenwich mean time (GMT)The mean solar time at the meridian of Greenwich, England.

greetingIn voice mail, the recording heard by a caller on reaching subscriber's mailbox. See also voice message.

greeting headerIn voice mail, a recording made by a subscriber and played to callers either before or instead of a personal greeting.

Gregorian calendarThe calendar widely used in the Western world and that closely approximates the length of a solar year.

grepA UNIX utility that allows the user to search one or more files for a specific string of text and outputs all the lines that contain the string. The user also has the option to replace the string with another.

A spreadsheet-like presentation of data. Grids allow users to store all campaign- and project-related data within the project.

Two physically separate clusters connected by means of a TCP/IP network.

A tabular form for viewing and entering data.

In Business Graphics Utility and the GDDM function, uniformly spaced horizontal and vertical lines on a chart.

A named set of interconnected replication servers for propagating commands from an authorized server to the rest of the servers in the set.

In AFP Utilities, horizontal and vertical lines printed on an AFP resource, such as an electronic overlay, to help in the design of the AFP resource.

grid computingThe ability, using a set of open standards and protocols, to gain access to applications and data, processing power, storage capacity and a vast array of other computing resources over the Internet. Grid computing uses a type of parallel and distributed system that enables the sharing, selection, and aggregation of resources distributed across multiple administrative domains based on their availability, capability, performance, cost, and users' quality-of-service requirements. See also virtualization, virtualized.

grid questionA special categorical question that consists of several subquestions that share a category list. Grid questions often ask respondents to choose a rating on a predefined scale for a number of products in a list.

gross margin ruleA constraint imposed on the optimization to stay within a particular gross margin range.

gross profitRevenue minus cost.

groundPertaining to an expression that does not contain decision variables, since the variables have no value at their stage of the computation and are subject to almost no restrictions. Breakpoints and slopes in a piecewise linear function must always be ground.

ground truthThe set of vetted data that is used to adapt a Watson system to a particular domain, for example: approved question and answer pairs or annotations of entities and relationships that appear in the domain content. Ground truth data is used to train machine learning models, measure system annotator components and the resulting end-to-end application performance (precision and recall), and calculate headroom to decide where to focus development efforts for improving performance. Accuracy of ground truth is essential since inaccuracies in the ground truth will correlate to inaccuracies in the components that use it. See also answer key, question set.

group

In B2B Integration role-based security, a set of access permissions for multiple users that can be managed from a central location.

A list of elements with information about how those elements can appear in a message. Groups can be ordered, unordered, or selective.

In EDI, a looping structure that contains related items, which repeat in sequence either until the translation service has processed all the data in the group or it has repeated the loop the maximum number of times allowed.

A logical organization of users whose membership allows them to perform the same activities or provide the same authority to access resources.

A set of elements that is associated with the same category.

A looping structure that contains related records or segments that repeat in sequence until either the data ends or the maximum number of times that the loop is allowed to repeat is exhausted.

A complex data object that consists of components.

A logical container that serves as a mechanism to grant permissions to multiple users.

A logical set of managed objects. Groups can be dynamic, static, or task-based.

A collection of users who can share access authorities for protected resources.

In resource definition online, a collection of related resources. The main purpose of an RDO group is convenience in storing definitions in the CSD.

A collection of organizing computers independent of any resource pool or application tier association. Groups can be static or dynamic.

A named list of users and servers. It can be used in contact lists, access control lists, and so on.

A company type to which subordinate companies are connected; for example, subsidiaries, group companies, group adjustment companies, or legal units.

With respect to partitioned data sets (PDSs), a member and the member's aliases that exist in a PDS or partitioned data set extended (PDSE), or in an unloaded PDSE.

A series of records logically joined together or having the same value for a particular field in all records.

A logical state of a keyboard providing access to a collection of graphic characters or elements of graphic characters. Usually these graphic characters or elements of graphic characters logically belong together and may be arranged on several levels within a group. The input of certain graphic characters, such as accented letters, may require access to more than one group (see ISO/IEC 9995-1). See also level.

In places, two or more people who are grouped for membership in a place.

In a satellite environment, a collection of satellites that share characteristics such as the database configuration and the application that runs on the satellites.

group addressIn communications, a multidestination address associated with one or more stations on a given network. See also individual address.

group adjustment companyA virtual company for system use only.

group aggregate functionA function that provides a summary of a set of rows without preserving any detail of the information. Group aggregates returns a group column and an aggregate value.

group-AUDITOR attributeThe RACF AUDITOR attribute restricted to a specific group to which a user is connected.

group authority

A system-level authority such as OPERATIONS, AUDITOR, or SPECIAL, which is assigned to a user at the group level. See also authority.

Authority to use objects, resources, or functions from a group profile.

group backupThe backup of a group containing a list of files from one or more file space origins.

group buffer pool (GBP)

A group cache structure that is used by a DB2 pureScale environment to cache data and to ensure that all members read the most recently committed version of a page. See also local buffer pool.

A DB2 for z/OS coupling facility cache structure that is used by a data sharing group to cache data and to ensure that the data is consistent for all members. See also cache structure.

group buffer pool duplexingThe ability to write data to two instances of a group buffer pool structure: a primary group buffer pool and a secondary group buffer pool.

group buffer pool recovery pending (GRECP)Pertaining to the state that exists after the buffer pool for a data sharing group is lost. When a page set is in this state, changes that are recorded in the log must be applied to the affected page set before the page set can be used.

group calendarA display that shows the events for up to seven users at one time.

Group Control System (GCS)In OSI Communications Subsystem, a VM operating environment in which the subsystem and Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM) run.

group control system groupA group of virtual machines that share common storage and load the same saved-VM system through a control program (CP) command or directory entry.

group crash recoveryThe portion of the group restart process where a specific database is brought back to a transactionally consistent state after a failure in a DB2 pureScale instance. Either the primary and secondary cluster caching facilities both failed, or the primary cluster caching facility failed when the secondary cluster caching facility was not in peer state. See also member crash recovery.

group data areaA data area that is automatically created when an interactive job becomes a group job. This data area is shared by all jobs in the group but cannot be used by jobs outside the group.

group data setIn z/OS, a RACF-protected data set in which either the high-level qualifier of the data set name or the qualifier supplied by an installation exit routine is a RACF group name. See also user data set.

group definitionThe application group to which the application description or job description is a member.

group deploymentA type of deployment where multiple actions were deployed to one or more devices.

grouped layoutA layout in which entities are arranged to show groups of interconnected entities. See also layout.

Groupe Spécial Mobile (GSM)A CEPT/CCH standard for mobile telephony.

group ID

A system-generated grouping identifier for ad slots that should appear together.

In the UNIX operating system, an integer that uniquely identifies each group of users to the operating system.

In Resource Access Control Facility (RACF), a string of one to eight characters that identifies a group. The first character must be A through Z, #, $, or @. The rest can be A through Z, #, $, @, or 0 through 9.

In the AIX operating system, a number that corresponds to a specific group name. The group ID can often be substituted in commands that take a group name as a value.

group identification number (GID)A 4 byte, unsigned integer (GID) that is used to identify a group profile. See also user identification number.

group identifier (GID)

A numeric value associated with a group name that represents a specific group of users.

A number between 0 and 2147483647 that identifies a group of users to z/OS UNIX. The GID is associated with a RACF group name when it is specified in the OMVS segment of the group profile. See also effective group identifier, real group ID.

group indicationIn RPG, the printing of control information for only the first record of a group of records containing identical control information.

grouping

A characteristic of objects of a certain type on the basis of which they can be divided into sets. See also set.

In reporting, the process of organizing identical values of query items together and only displaying the value once.

grouping profileA profile in a resource group class.

group itemIn COBOL, a named set of consecutive elementary or group items.

group jobOne of up to 16 interactive jobs that are associated in a group with the same work station device and user.

group job nameThe name that identifies a given job within a group.

group job transferAn operation performed by the Transfer to Group Job (TFRGRPJOB) command that will either start a new group job or resume an existing group job.

group levelThe release level of a data sharing group, which is established when the first member migrates to a new release.

group level controlA level of control that allows the administrator to apply security and resource settings to groups of similar user profiles.

group listA range of numeric values or sets of string values to be recorded as a single dimension value.

group list print descriptorA special type of print descriptor used to define print descriptor groups, and the search order used when a print descriptor is referred to.

group list table (GLT)A CICS table that identifies the library and file names for resource mapping that is to be installed when the control region is started.

group member

A user profile that is a member of a group profile.

The name of an entity that joins an XCF group and communicates with IMS using the OTMA protocol. A member can be either a server (IMS) or a client.

group message queueA message queue that is associated with a group of jobs. When the message queue is set either to break mode or notify mode in the active group job, the mode is the same for any job in the group that becomes the active job.

group name

The z/OS XCF identifier for a data sharing group.

A name that uniquely identifies a group of users to the system.

A name that uniquely identifies a group, such as a group of users, devices, or objects.

group-OPERATIONS attributeThe RACF OPERATIONS attribute restricted to a specific group to which a user is connected.

group policy object (GPO)A collection of group policy settings. Group policy objects are the documents created by the group policy snap-in. Group policy objects are stored at the domain level, and they affect users and computers contained in sites, domains, and organizational units.

group pollingA process whereby a single poll is sent to a collection point for a group of stations, inviting a response from any station in the group that has data to send.

group profileA profile that provides the same authority to a group of users.

group-related user attributeIn RACF, a user attribute assigned at the group level that allows the user to control the resource, group, and user profiles associated with the group and its subgroups. See also user attribute.

group restart

The act of restarting a complete DB2 pureScale instance (cluster caching facilities and members) and performing group crash recovery on each database. See also member restart.

A restart of at least one member of a data sharing group after the loss of either locks or the shared communications area.

group scopeIn a DB2 pureScale environment, the scope of a command that affects all members of a data sharing group.

group selectA function that, if activated, will change the keyboard state to produce characters from a different group (see ISO/IEC 9995-1).

group selectionThe selection of a sample set of rows to extract from a start table. The user can specify a maximum number of rows for a number of unique values based on a selected column in the start table.

group servicesA subsystem that provides client subsystems, such as Resource Monitoring and Control, with a distributed coordination and synchronization service. Each client subsystem forms one or more groups by having its processes (group services clients, such as the RMC daemon on each node) connect to the group services subsystem and use the various group services interfaces.

group-SPECIAL attributeThe RACF SPECIAL attribute restricted to a specific group to which a user is connected.

group terminal optionIn RACF, a function that allows users within a group to log on only from those terminals that they have been specifically authorized to use.

group widgetA widget that acts as a container for several widgets.

group windowIn System i Access for Windows, a window that contains one or more icons that represent applications, functions, or documents.

guaranteed print labelingA method of print labeling that ensures the integrity of the identification label by preventing the user from changing the label. If attempts are made to override print labeling, printing is stopped, and an audit record is written. See also non-guaranteed print labeling.

Guaranteed Resource Allocation (GRA)A resource allocation policy that limits users or groups to use a percentage of the system resources. When there is contention for resources, the system uses the GRA settings to enforce resource ceilings and to allocate the system resources among the groups using the system.

guaranteed serviceA type of service class that ensures bandwidth availability and provides information on queuing delays. Guaranteed service is the most reliable of the service classes. It is commonly used for applications that cannot tolerate network delays or performance variations. For example, applications such as Internet Protocol (IP) telephony and other real-time applications have specific timing needs that require guaranteed service.

guaranteed spaceA storage class attribute indicating that space is to be allocated when a data set is created. If space to satisfy the allocation is not available on the user-specified volumes, the allocation fails.

guardband methodA method that calculates the reliability of the calibration of an asset to ensure that the asset meets a specified level of quality.

guard barIn bar codes, the bar at either end or at the center of an EAN, JAN, or UPC symbol, that provides a reference point for scanning.

guest

An account that provides read-only access. To log on, the account requires credentials.

An optional account for anonymous logons.

An operating system that runs in a virtual machine managed by the z/VM Control Program (CP ).

Guest LANA virtual local area network (LAN) segment that is emulated by the z/VM Control Program (CP). A Guest LAN can be shared by guest virtual machines on the same z/VM system.

guest loginAn access level that gives users access to some applications without requiring a username or password.

guest partitionA secondary partition that runs an operating system other than i5/OS. The guest partition requires another partition to host it. The purpose of the hosting partition is to supply paths from virtual I/O in the guest partition's operating system to real I/O hardware drivers in the hosting partition.

guest platform management provider (GPMP)An optional suite of applications that is installed in specific z/OS, Linux, and AIX operating system images to support platform management functions. For example, the guest platform management provider collects and aggregates performance data for virtual servers and workloads.

guest virtual machine (GVM)In z/VM, the functional equivalent of a System z9 or zSeries system, including the virtual processors, virtual storage, virtual devices, and virtual channel subsystem allocated to a single user. Each guest virtual machine can be controlled by an operating system, such as CMS, z/VSE, z/OS, or Linux.

guided node discoveryIn Sterling Control Center, a feature that locates other Sterling Connect:Direct servers that communicate with the Sterling Connect:Direct server. See also network map.

guided sell metaphorA metaphor that presents customers with a series of multiple-choice questions, where each answer determines the next question and eventually refines the search to a smaller list of products. The guided sell metaphor is intended for customers who are not sure where to start.

guideline valueIn capacity planning, a value used as a general guide for optimal resource utilization. If resource utilization is above the guideline value, the resource may be approaching a problem area or a threshold value. Guideline values are also available for the rate of synchronous reads in the machine pool and for the sum of all pools. See also threshold value.

GUI designerThe VRPG tool suite that allows the user to create interfaces by dragging and dropping controls from the parts palette to the design window.

guildA community of interest that spans across a tribe. Members join the guild in order to share their knowledge of tools, code, and best practices. Guilds are similar to chapters but are not limited to people with the same responsibilities within a tribe. For example, the web technology guild could include some testers, some web developers and some UI designers within the tribe. See also chapter, squad, tribe.