Software always fails, says Francisco, and there will be inevitable problems in the early stages of any new technology introduction - for instance there were many problems involved in the move to ATM, then again with the move to IP. And there will be with the introduction of virtualization. What’s being offered today is a new tool-set which, it is promised, will bring real benefits in the longer run. So given that the benefits won’t be immediate for both the CSP and its customers, when, exactly, is the best time to move into adoption? "At Mobile World Congress we had many questions like, ‘What are the use cases that will sustain 5G?’ Well nobody knows,” he says.