Your publication choice will have no effect on the peer review process or acceptance of your submission.

Details on Gold Open Access Articles:

User Rights

All articles published gold open access will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download. We offer authors a choice of user licenses, which define the permitted reuse of articles (see https://www.elsevier.com/openaccesslicenses). We are continuously working with our author communities to select the best choice of license options, currently being defined for this journal as follows:• Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)• Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND)

Gold Open Access Publication Fee

To provide gold open access, this journal has a publication fee which needs to be met by the authors or their research funders for each article published open access. The gold open access publication fee for this journal is USD 1100, excluding taxes.

Funding Body Agreements

Elsevier has established agreements with funding bodies, including Wellcome Trust and Research Councils UK. This ensures authors can comply with funding body open access policies and may also be reimbursed for their publication fees.

Elsevier supports responsible sharingFind out how you can share your research published in Elsevier journals.

Green Open Access (e.g. self-archiving)

Authors can share their research in a variety of different ways and Elsevier has a number of green open access options available. We recommend authors see our green open access page for further information. An author can also self-archive their author manuscript immediately and enable public access from their institution's repository after an embargo period. This is the version that has been accepted for publication and which typically includes author-incorporated changes suggested during submission, peer review and in editor-author communications.

An author is entitled to post the accepted manuscript in their institution's repository and make this public after an embargo period (known as green Open Access). The embargo period for this journal can be found below.

The published journal article cannot be shared publicly, for example on ResearchGate or Academia.edu, to ensure the sustainability of peer-reviewed research in journal publications.

Embargo PeriodFor subscription articles, an appropriate amount of time is needed for journals to deliver value to subscribing customers before a manuscript becomes available for free to the public. This is called an embargo period and it begins from the date the article is formally published online in its final and fully citable form. Find out moreThis journal has an embargo period of 24 months.