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Definition

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious condition of the intestine. The intestine digests food as it propels it through the digestive tract. NEC involves intestinal inflammation and tissue death. This condition often occurs soon after your baby starts feeding.

NEC can be a serious condition and requires immediate care. It often occurs in the first 2 weeks of life, but can occur as late as 3 months of age. The baby is often still in the hospital when NEC starts.

Treatment

Most babies who get NEC have a complete recovery. Treatment usually takes between 3 to 14 days. Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for your baby. Treatment options include combinations of the following:

Empty the Stomach

Air or liquid in your baby’s intestine can make the condition worse. You will be asked to stop feeding your baby. A tube will be placed through the baby's nose into the stomach. This tube will remove liquid and air from your baby’s stomach. This helps the intestine heal.

Nutrition and fluids will be given to your baby through an IV. An IV can deliver nutrition directly into your child's blood stream.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are used to fight infections caused by bacteria. Your baby may be given antibiotics if an infection is present or possible.

X-Rays

X-rays will be done often. They will help your doctor see the progress of the NEC.

Oxygen

NEC can cause swelling in the stomach. This may make it difficult for the baby to breathe. Oxygen may be given to improve the baby's oxygen levels. A ventilator may be used to help or take over breathing for the baby.

Infection Prevention

Some infections can pass easily through touch or near contact. Certain steps can keep these infections from spreading. You and your baby's caretakers may wear gowns and gloves to protect your baby and others. Regular handwashing is also important in any infection prevention.

Surgery

For some, the damage to the intestine may be severe. In this case, surgery may be needed.

Surgery is done to remove the damaged part of the intestine. The healthy parts are sewn back together when possible. Sometimes there is too much damage to be able to sew the intestine back together. In this case, part of the intestine will be connected to an opening in the abdomen wall. The opening will allow waste products to pass to a bag outside the body.

Prevention

Prevention is difficult since the exact cause of NEC is unknown. Some steps that may be helpful include:

Breastmilk may reduce the chance of NEC compared to formula

The first feeding may be postponed until your baby is stable. Increase the feeding amount very slowly.

Closely observe your baby for signs of feeding intolerance.

Probiotics may help decrease the risk of NEC.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.