130 Introduction

Figure 1. Blood Vessels. While most blood vessels are located deep from the surface and are not visible, the superficial veins of the upper limb provide an indication of the extent, prominence, and importance of these structures to the body. (credit: Colin Davis)

Chapter Objectives

After studying this chapter, you will be able to:

Compare and contrast the anatomical structure of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

Discuss how the neural and endocrine mechanisms maintain homeostasis within the blood vessels

Describe the interaction of the cardiovascular system with other body systems

Label the major blood vessels of the pulmonary and systemic circulations

Identify and describe the hepatic portal system

Describe the development of blood vessels and fetal circulation

Compare fetal circulation to that of an individual after birth

In this chapter, you will learn about the vascular part of the cardiovascular system, that is, the vessels that transport blood throughout the body and provide the physical site where gases, nutrients, and other substances are exchanged with body cells. When vessel functioning is reduced, blood-borne substances do not circulate effectively throughout the body. As a result, tissue injury occurs, metabolism is impaired, and the functions of every bodily system are threatened.