Like Mark Zuckerberg, Elon Musk began programming at an early age. Unlike Facebook's founder, he taught himself — and sold the code for his first video game for $500 at age 12.

That isn't to say education wasn't important for Musk: He earned Bachelors degrees in both business and physics from the University of Pennsylvania before venturing into the world of startups.

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His first big success came in 1999 when Compaq bought Zip2, an Internet company Musk founded with his brother, in a deal that earned him a cool $22 million.

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While his career was ramping up, Musk married his first wife, Justine, in 2000. The couple went on to have five kids: a set of twins and a set of triplets, all of whom are boys. (Musk is now twice divorced; a second marriage from 2010 to 2012 also fell apart.)

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From there, Elon's successes started compounding on themselves. A year after selling his first company, his second startup bought what came to be known as PayPal. Only two years later, he sold PayPal (in which he had an 11.7% stake) to eBay for $1.5 billion.

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Before the sale of PayPal was complete, he founded one of the two companies that has made Musk so famous over the last few years: SpaceX, a space transport company.

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In 2004, he joined the other: Tesla Motors. After leading an early investment round, he was brought in as Chairman of the Board of Directors.

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In 2006, Musk's cousin Lyndon Rive founded SolarCity based on a concept initially created by Elon himself. Musk became Chairman and the largest shareholder of SolarCity, which has gone on to become the single largest provider of solar power in the United States.

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2006 was also the year Tesla went mainstream, with its Roadster winning Time Magazine's Invention of the Year award in the Transportation category.

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In 2008, Musk had two major successes: Tesla's Roadster went into full production and SpaceX was awarded a $1.6 billion contract to make flights to the International Space Station for NASA.

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And then there's the 2012 Tesla Model S, the company's crowning achievement. Considered by many to be the best electric car ever made, the vehicle earned numerous "Car of the Year" awards and turned the luxury sedan market on its head.

Amusingly enough, most people have it backwards: The series' incarnation of Tony Stark is based on Elon Musk, which is what earned him a cameo in "Iron Man 2."

Of course, Musk isn't only popular in Hollywood. He helped create jobs in California, making him close allies with Senator Dianne Feinstein in the mid-2000s...

...while his collaboration with the U.S. government on energy and transportation policy and NASA have earned him plenty of face time with President Obama.

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With his vast wealth and influence, Musk now looks to take on even bigger challenges. He's spoken at length about his intention to create a Mars colony of 80,000 people, with a ticket price of $500,000 to get there.

Asa Mathat | D: All Things Digital

And then there's the Hyperloop, Elon Musk's idea for rapid transit (about 30 minutes) between Los Angeles and San Francisco.

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With all of that said, it's not as if Musk doesn't have nice things. Earlier this year, he paid $17 million to buy the Bel Air estate he had been renting and living in with his sons for years. At 20,000 square feet, there's more than enough space for Musk's kids to find something to do while he works on his new projects.