Joan of Arc | Joan of Arc | The Military Genius of Jeanne D'Arc | Joan of Arc | The Military Genius of Jeanne d'Arc, and the Concept of VictorySchiller Institute The Military Genius of Joan of Arc (JeanneD' Arc)

This was the same religious order, devoted to providing superior education to children of all classes, that educated the great Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa, Thomas à Kempis, and the father of the first nation-state, King Louis XI of France, who owed his throne directly to Jeanne.

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Jeanne understood that lifting the siege would have to deliver a double blow: It would have to free the city, and also, would have to bring a halt to the gentlemanly sport of continuous warfare, which had cost so many lives, military and civilian.
A crushing blow was urgent and vital; however, since none was coming from the King, Jeanne deployed herself to carry out that task.

Secondly, Jeanne understood the strategic urgency of quickly securing the official coronation of the King at the Cathedral of Reims, where all of France's kings had been consecrated, in order to lay to rest the Anglo-Burgundian claim that the Dauphin (as France's Crown Princes are known) was illegitimate.

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At the royal residence, Jeanne continued to make public, noisy interventions as to the necessity of liberating Orléans and having the Dauphin crowned King at Reims.
She was the only military leader whose faction had no other agenda than the liberation of France.
It was clear that, if there were any chance of saving the nation, some radical, revolutionary action had to be taken.
After much delay and bureaucratic footdragging, Charles finally gave Jeanne a commission to lift the siege at Orléans and to resupply its desperate people.

Immediately, Jeanne found herself locking horns with the aristocratic commanders of the French army whose habitual method of engagement was attack/retreat, rather than to deploy all-out for victory.
These commanders had tremendous difficulty understanding that Jeanne was determined to actually fight and win, rather than engage in the outmoded rules of gentlemanly combat that had decimated so many men on both sides.
She ran roughshod over their objections, not only citing the authority of God for her action, but also confronting every objection by a personal demonstration that her method led to victory.

Upon arriving at Orléans, Jeanne sent a letter to the English, making her declaration of unremitting war:

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DeVries shows crass cynicism in his refrain that Jeanne was quite willing to spill the blood of her men, because she was convinced that they would all go to Heaven for their good deeds.
In fact, she was anguished by blood spilt from both sides.
But she knew that, unless victory were accomplished quickly, far more blood would be spilled; that, indeed, civilization would destroy itself by its immorality.
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse would thunder throughout all Europe, unless she, as sent by God, were fully obeyed, without restraint.

In Orléans, Jeanne expected her generals to launch an immediate attack on the English and Burgundians, but instead, they advised caution and delay.
She was incensed.
She jumped on her horse, gathered her army, and led the way to the city gates, personally demonstrating that what she was demanding could absolutely be accomplished.
The mayor had been ordered to block her path.
She instantly drew her sword and threatened to cut off his head, if he did not lower the drawbridge.
He did so, and Jeanne led the charge, while the aristocratic generals scrambled to keep up with her.

In the bloody battle that ensued, she was wounded.
Despite her wound, she returned the next day to fight again, and again led the attack to victory.
By the end of the day, she knew the English were defeated.

On the third day, the English assembled in battle formation, with rows of longbowsmen behind a barrier of sharpened stakes in the ground pointing toward the enemy, a defensive method that depended on the French attacking them.
Using the principle of the flank, Jeanne exploited that weakness, by, likewise, arranging her army in battle formation, whence she had them wait, facing the English.

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From that point onward, there was no question that Jeanne was totally in charge of the French army, its strategy, and tactics.
She gained the trust and admiration of the aristocratic generals, and the love of the ordinary soldiers.

Jeanne immediately wanted to march on Reims to have the Dauphin crowned and consecrated as King.
However, again, she had to do battle with Charles's advisers and generals, who counselled him to attack the enemy-held area of Normandy.
Jeanne's argument ultimately won out; had it not, France would have been lost.
Even though Charles had been named King some years earlier, he had no real power, except over a few provinces.
The Rectors at the University of Paris, who in 1431 burnt Jeanne at the stake, had concocted the legalism of a Double Monarchy, whereby the King of England was also the King of France.
For Jeanne to have Charles consecrated at Reims Cathedral would deliver a devastating blow to the English and their Burgundian partners.

But, to reach Reims meant clearing a path through the mostly strongly fortified Anglo-Burgundian territory.
DeVries's description of this campaign through the Loire Valley, demonstrates Jeanne as a brilliant strategist, and valorous commander, always personally leading her men into battle, always setting out for them the goal of attaining victory.

The Artillery Revolution

Jeanne's use of cannon artillery revolutionized the science of warfare and changed the fate of nations.
She was especially skillful in placing her artillery.
Although, before Jeanne took command, the French had had cannons and artillery, it was her genius in deploying them, that altered the course of the warfare so dramatically, for it was well-placed artillery that had enabled the French to defeat the famous English archers.

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Once the King was crowned, Jeanne set her eyes immediately on the march to take Paris, where the Burgundians had established a stronghold.
Inexplicably, the King temporized; in fact, he had agreed to a deal with his enemies, which had allowed them time to fortify Paris.
When, finally, the King gave the order to attack, Jeanne's army was unable to storm through the defenses.
Jeanne was again wounded in the battle.
As was her wont, she returned to battle the next day, only to learn that the weak-willed King had called for retreat.
Charles negotiated another deal with his enemies, and disbanded her army.

Jeanne was furious.
Not only was Paris lost to the enemy, but also most of the towns along the Loire River that she had liberated, were now handed back to the Anglo-Burgundians.
Her army disbanded, she was on her own, ignored and certainly reviled by her enemies in the court.
In the Spring of 1430, the King admitted that his war-by-diplomacy was a failure.
However, he did not realize just how tragic his error was, of cutting off Jeanne.
Had she had her way, Paris would have been freed.
But more significantly, Jeanne's entire military career had demonstrated conclusively, that had she remained making the strategic decisions, and personally leading her men into battle, the Hundred Years War would have come to an abrupt end, then, rather than 24 years later.

Capture at Compiègne

After Jeanne's betrayal by the very King she had fought to crown, the Burgundians moved to lay siege to the strategic city of Compiègne, just north of Paris.
Jeanne could no longer be restrained in her enforced idleness: As at Orléans, the patriotic forces inside Compiègne resisted heroically, despite the fact that Charles had ceded to the Burgundians, but the city's inhabitants needed reinforcements quickly.
Hanotaux reports that Compiègne was the command center of all communications between Duke Philip of Burgundy and his stronghold at Paris.
Freeing Compiègne would cut his line of communication.
She immediately organized a battalion of Italian mercenaries, leading them to Compiègne, which she was able to enter.
DeVries charges that Jeanne committed treason, because she left for Compiègne without permission from the King.

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When Jeanne and her army became trapped in a Burgundian ambush, the Burgundian chronicler Georges Chastellain reports that she refused to retreat, telling her men: " 'You be quiet!
Their defeat depends on you.
Think only of striking at them.' Even though she said this, her men did not want to believe it, and by force they made her return directly to

A considerable number of Persian political and cultural elite of the 20th century studied at French schools in Tehran, including St. Louis, Alliance Franaise, Jeanne dArc, Franco-Persane and Razi (usually referred to as Lyce Razi), and Alliance Isralite schools.

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The Lazarists founded two well known schools in Tehran, St. Louis and Jeanne dArc, which enrolled both Christian and Muslim pupils.

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Jeanne dArc, the well-known school for girls to which many of the members of the upper classes sent their daughters, was in operation until the 1979 revolution.
In the early 1960s, it had about a thousand pupils in the secondary school and about fifty in its junior school.
However, instruction at its secondary school terminated at the tenth grade (Komsn-e mell-e Ynesko, II, p. 1211).
Many of the more affluent pupils were then sent abroad or continued their studies for the school-leaving certificate at Lyce Razi which offered mixed classes for boys and girls up to the twelfth grade.
According to Ansa ay-Re (pp. 97-98,) the origins of the Jeanne dArc school can be can be traced to two Lazarist schools.
The first school was the St. Vincent de Paul school for orphaned girls founded in 1865 by the Daughters of Charity and later renamed Jeanne dArc.

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In 1953, its Persian program was revived under the name of Jeanne dArc (Dabrestn-e ndrk) with Badr-al-Molk Pzrgd as its principal (ay-Re, p. 97; Wezrat-e farhang, pp.
32-33).

Sony'sJeanne D'Arc for the PSP is a unique role playing title where players command the legendary heroine as she attempts to liberate France from the invading English army.
Mixing history and fantasy, the game takes her story and adds fantasy elements such as demons and magic to create a unique experience.
Jeanne D'arc's beautiful graphics are bright and colorful with a number of elaborate anime cut-scenes that bring players into the action.
This is definitely one of the better PSP adventures we've seen on the system to date, so join us as we step back in time and relive her glorious adventure.

Set in the 11th century, Jeanne d'Arc puts players in the famous shoes of the famous French liberator as she embarks on her calling to liberate her country from the invading masses of a crazed English King.
The storyline is loosely based on the historic events, but adds some history and magic to the proceedings to give things a kind of fantasy edge.
All of the characters are loosely based on actual historic figures to a degree which helps to give the game's fantasy elements a bit more heft.
After you finish the elaborate opening scenes, the game itself begins as a fairly standard RPG, with players commanding Jeanne and a group of her allies through a series of turn-based battles.

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One of the coolest weapons you can use is Jeanne herself.
Once per level, you can use her special divine powers to transform her into a stronger armor clad warrior.
When she is in this mode, her attacks cause much greater damage.
As an added bonus, when she destroys an enemy, she gains another turn, which allows her to take out multiple foes before they can have a chance to counter-attack.
While this is generally used only once per round, and ends when Jeanne loses her transformation energy, she can do this multiple times if she earns enough energy.
In addition, as she gains powers and levels up, the damage she can inflict in her super-powered mode increases dramatically as well.

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The developers did an excellent job in creating the world of Jeanne D'arc which unfolds in a vivid, brightly colored world that is rich in detail and animation.
Most of the action takes place in a top-down angled view and the game allows players to spin the viewpoint around and zoom in slightly in order to see a better view of the action.
The default viewpoint isn't always the best, but being able to switch the angle helps when you are planning out your next move.
The visuals themselves look very good and utilize cel-shading and elaborate backdrops to create a good looking title that mixes anime with more traditional styles to create a unique look for the game.
There are a number of elaborate cinematic cut-scenes in the game as well, which are quite effective in bringing the game's story and plot to life.
Jeanne d'Arc's soundtrack is excellent and the game's use of voice acting is excellent as well.