The Arizona Biltmore's architect of record is Albert Chase McArthur (brother of the hotel owners), yet the design is often mistakenly attributed to Frank Lloyd Wright. This is due to Wright's on-site consulting for four months in 1928 relating to the "Textile Block" construction used in the hotel. Albert McArthur had been a draftsman for Wright, and specifically asked Wright to assist with implementing the textile block system, which became a signature element of the hotel's appearance. The hotel has similarities to several Wright buildings, especially in the main lobby, owing to a strong imprint of the unit block design that Wright had utilized on four residential buildings in the Los Angeles area six years earlier. McArthur is indisputably the architect as original linen drawings of the hotel in the Arizona State University Library archives attest, as does a 1929 feature article in Architectural Record magazine. The two architects are a study in contrast with the famous and outspoken Wright being self-taught and never licensed as an architect in Arizona. The more soft-spoken McArthur was Harvard trained in architecture, mathematics, engineering, and music. McArthur obtained an architect's license in Arizona, number 338, in 1925, the year he arrived in Phoenix to begin his practice.

Replicas of the Midway Gardens sprites at the Arizona Biltmore

Adding to the confusion, FLW influences have been added to the property over the years. This includes a stained glass window design entitled "Saguaro Forms and Cactus Flowers" that Wright designed as a magazine cover for Liberty Magazine in 1926. It was fabricated by Taliesin students and installed during the 1973 hotel renovations and restoration. Reproductions of the geometric 'sprite' statues originally designed by sculptor Alfonso Iannelli for Wright's 1915 Midway Gardens project in Chicago are placed around the property. Also, the original hotel solarium was converted to a restaurant in 1973 and since the mid-1990s has been named 'Wright's'. Three on site restaurants bear Wright's name, Wright's at the Biltmore, The Wright Bar, and Frank & Albert's.

Authorship of the hotel's design is not a new dispute. Wright had condemned McArthur's use of the block system [Wright wanted square blocks as opposed to McArthur's mathematically proportioned rectangle block that was used] and publicly claimed credit for the building's design. Nonetheless, Wright issued a carefully worded letter in 1930 that was published in The Architectural Record (quoted in Brendan Gill's "Many Masks"):

All I have done in connection with the building of the Arizona Biltmore, near Phoenix, I have done for Albert McArthur himself at his sole request, and for none other. Albert McArthur is the architect of that building—all attempts to take the credit for that performance from him are gratuitous and beside the mark. But for him, Phoenix would have had nothing like the Biltmore, and it is my hope that he may be enabled to give Phoenix many more beautiful buildings as I believe him entirely capable of doing.

In 1930, the McArthurs (the owners) lost control of the property to one of their primary investors, William Wrigley Jr., who became full owner. The nearby Wrigley Mansion was built in 1931 and now operates as a private club with memberships starting at $15/year. In 1940, the Catalina pool and the Cowboy Bunkhouse areas opened; these would become favorite areas of Hollywood celebrities. Marilyn Monroe was seen[citation needed] around the pool area, and Martha Raye was photographed playing chess on a large chessboard around the Cowboy house.

In 1962, the hotel's first air conditioners were put into service, and in 1969, their grand ballroom, designed by Flatow, Moore & Bryan Architects, was inaugurated.

In 1970, the Wrigley family sold the hotel to the Talley family. 1973 almost spelled doom for the hotel; a large fire erupted on June 21, destroying interiors of large parts of the 3rd and 4th floors and tremendous water damage on the 2nd and ground floors. It was announced immediately by the new owners that this famed hotel would be rebuilt in 90 days and opened on schedule for its regular winter season the last week of September 1973. The prompt re-building included new custom designed carpets throughout the hotel, new furniture for guest rooms and public areas, new restaurant kitchen equipment, and renovated public interiors throughout the hotel. Three separate crews were employed around the clock. In the wee hours before opening day, the final carpets were laid and the deadline had been met by a partnership of the owner, Talley Industries, the general contractor, J.R. Porter Construction Co., and the architect, Taliesin Associated Architects.

In July 1999, Florida Panther Holdings, Inc. acquired the property from Grossman Company Properties for $228.5M ($126M cash, $100M Florida Panther stock, and $62.5 debt assumption). Also, in 1999 Florida Panther Holdings, Inc. changed its name to Boca Resorts, Inc. At the time, Florida Panthers Holdings, Inc. also owned the Boca Raton Resort & Club, the Registry Resort, the Edgewater Beach Hotel, the Hyatt Regency Pier 66 Resort and Marina, the Radisson Bahia Mar Resort and Yachting Center and Grande Oaks Golf Club. The Company also owned the Florida Panthers Hockey Club and had interests in the operations of the National Car Rental Center located in Sunrise, Florida and the Miami Arena.

In 2004, while doing a campaign stop in Arizona, United States president George W. Bush slept there, under strict security measures. Over 200 policemen, Secret Service agents and bomb-sniffing dogs were at hand.

In 2009, the Arizona Biltmore marked its 80th anniversary with two additions that reinforced the history and architectural legacy of the resort. Ocatilla at Arizona Biltmore – a 120-room addition offering the resort’s most enhanced guest services, many complimentary amenities, club accommodations and Wright-inspired décor – was named for a compound Wright built in Phoenix’s South Mountains to serve as his secluded, inspirational workplace. A new restaurant, Frank & Albert’s, was inspired by and named for Wright and McArthur. A menu was created – of comfort foods and American classics with an Arizona twist – reflecting the dual influences of the two architects.

On November 4, 2008, the McCain/Palin campaign hosted its final party at the hotel. Sen. John McCain, the Republican candidate for president, conceded defeat when he spoke to reporters and disappointed supporters on the hotel's lawn. Some supporters watched McCain's speech via closed circuit TV from the ballroom.[4] Former Louisiana Gov. Buddy Roemer acted as master of ceremonies for the evening's entertainment earlier in the evening, in the ballroom.

The Arizona Biltmore Hotel, known as the Jewel of the Desert, was built in 1929 and is located at 2400 Missouri Ave. The Arizona Biltmore has been designated as a Phoenix Point of Pride and was listed in the Phoenix Historic Property Register in July 2009.

The lobby of the Arizona Biltmore Hotel. The hotel was built in 1929 and is located at 2400 Missouri Ave

Inside view of the main entrance of the Arizona Biltmore Hotel.

The Paradise Wing of the Arizona Biltmore Hotel built in 1929 and located at 2400 Missouri Ave.

Inside the Arizona Biltmore Hotel Aztec Room.

Large chess board on the grounds of the Arizona Biltmore Hotel. According to the Arizona Biltmore Hotel historians’ American actress Martha Raye played there.

The Arizona Biltmore Hotel Catalina Pool was built in the 1930s. The pool was often used by actress Marilyn Monroe and allegedly the site where American composer Irving Berlin wrote “White Christmas”.

The Frank Lloyd Wright “Sprites” are statues that were made in 1914 and adorned the Midway Gardens in Chicago. After World War II, the “Sprites” were in a state of abandonment and in pieces. They were restored and became part of the adornment of the Arizona Biltmore Hotel gardens in 1985.

1.
Phoenix, Arizona
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Phoenix is the capital and most populous city of the U. S. state of Arizona. Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, the metropolitan area is the 12th largest by population in the United States, with approximately 4.3 million people as of 2010. Settled in 1867 as a community near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers. Located in the reaches of the Sonoran Desert, Phoenix has a subtropical desert climate. Despite this, its canal system led to a farming community, many of the original crops remaining important parts of the Phoenix economy for decades, such as alfalfa, cotton, citrus. The city averaged a four percent annual growth rate over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s. This growth rate slowed during the Great Recession of 2007–09, and has rebounded slowly, Phoenix is the cultural center of the Valley of the Sun, as well as the entire state. For more than 2,000 years, the Hohokam people occupied the land that would become Phoenix, the Hohokam created roughly 135 miles of irrigation canals, making the desert land arable. Paths of these canals would later used for the modern Arizona Canal, Central Arizona Project Canal. The Hohokam also carried out trade with the nearby Anasazi, Mogollon and Sinagua. It is believed that between 1300 and 1450, periods of drought and severe floods led to the Hohokam civilizations abandonment of the area. After the departure of the Hohokam, groups of Akimel Oodham, Tohono Oodham and Maricopa tribes began to use the area, as well as segments of the Yavapai and Apache. The Oodham were offshoots of the Sobaipuri tribe, who in turn were thought to be the descendants of the formerly urbanized Hohokam and their crops included corn, beans, and squash for food, while cotton and tobacco were also cultivated. Mostly a peaceful group, they did together with the Maricopa for their mutual protection against incursions by both the Yuma and Apache tribes. The Tohono Oodham lived in the region as well, but their concentration was to the south. Living in small settlements, the Oodham were seasonal farmers who took advantage of the rains and they also hunted local game such as deer, rabbit, and javalina for meat. When the Mexican–American War ended in 1848, Mexico ceded its northern zone to the United States, the Phoenix area became part of the New Mexico Territory. In 1863 the mining town of Wickenburg was the first to be established in what is now Maricopa County, at the time Maricopa County had not yet been incorporated, the land was within Yavapai County, which included the major town of Prescott to the north of Wickenburg

2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci

3.
Waldorf Astoria Hotels & Resorts
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Waldorf Astoria Hotels & Resorts, formerly The Waldorf-Astoria Collection, is a Hilton Worldwide luxury hotel and resort brand. It is positioned as the brand within Hiltons portfolio, being used on hotels which offer the highest standards of facilities. In January 2006, Hilton Hotels, Inc announced it would launch a brand called The Waldorf Astoria Collection. In 2014, this property was sold to Chinese investors, while Hilton still manages the hotel under its brand. Some of Hiltons properties carry the Waldorf name in their title, later in 2007, the Qasr Al Sharq in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, was added to the portfolio. The next property to join the portfolio was the Rome Cavalieri, during the fall of 2008, three Florida hotels, located in Boca Raton, Key West and Naples, were also added. In July 2009, the Dakota Mountain Lodge opened in Park City, Utah and it is the first ski resort to join the portfolio. In January 2014, the first Waldorf Astoria opened doors in Dubai, in March 2014 the Waldorf Astoria Beijing opened its doors. May 1,2014 Waldorf Astoria Amsterdam received its first guests, in October 2014, the Hilton Worldwide Holdings announced the sale of the Waldorf Astoria New York Hotel to Chinese Anbang Insurance Group for $1.95 billion. The Hilton group continues to operate the hotel under a 100-year management contract with the buyer and this sale had a negative impact on the hotels reputation, raising doubts that China would bug the hotel. In September 2015, president Barack Obama decided not to stay at the Waldorf Astoria New York because of Chinese spying threats, in January 2017, The Waldorf Astoria Dubai complained about Russian models taking erotic pictures in the hotel and posting them on Instagram with hashtags mentioning the hotel. In 2017, the Waldorf Astoria group launched a partnership with the Italian muscle car manufacturer Lamborghini to provide cars for the Driving Experiences

4.
Albert Chase McArthur
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Albert Chase McArthur was a Prairie School architect, and the designer of the Arizona Biltmore Hotel in Phoenix, Arizona. Albert McArthur was born on February 2,1881 in Dubuque and he was the eldest of the three sons of Warren McArthur Sr. and Minnie Jewel McArthur née Chase. Warren McArthur Sr. was sometimes referred to as the Pioneer Salesman of Tubular Lanterns and he was the executive sales manager of the C. T. Ham Company of Rochester NY, the R. E. Deitz Company of Chicago, in 1912 Warren McArthur Jr. designed what has been called the Short-Globe Tubular Lantern. For Warren McArthur, Frank Lloyd Wright designed the McArthur House of 1892,4852 South Kenwood Avenue in Chicago and it is one of Wrights so-called bootleg houses, a two-story house with Roman brick halfway up the first floor exterior, and a Louis Sullivanstyle arched main entrance. This was among the houses led to Wright’s dismissal from Sullivan’s employ. Albert McArthur was educated at the Armour Institute of Technology in Chicago, though he never graduated he was asked to be the first president of the Harvard Club of Phoenix McArthur worked with architect Frank Lloyd Wright between 1907 and 1909. This practice was a collection of creative architectural designers. As his son, John Lloyd Wright, says, “William Drummond, Francis Barry Byrne, Walter Burley Griffin, Albert McArthur, Marion Mahony, Isabel Roberts and they wore flowing ties, and smocks suitable to the realm. The men wore their hair like Papa, all except Albert, he didn’t have enough hair. I know that one of them was then making valuable contributions to the pioneering of the modern American architecture for which my father gets the full glory, headaches and recognition today. ”McArthur continued his education in Austria and Italy. He moved his practice to Phoenix in 1925, the Biltmore is his most important design. In the course of the Great Depression, all three of the McArthur brothers moved to Hollywood, California in 1932, Albert Chase McArthur died in March 1951 in California. His brothers, Charles and Warren, Jr. commissioned Albert McArthur to design a hotel for them in Phoenix. Albert contacted Frank Lloyd Wright with an eye toward using Wright’s concrete textile block system for the hotel, the system, perfected by Wright’s son Lloyd in California, was an ideal choice for material that could be produced on site, especially in the desert of Arizona. Albert had married the daughter of a wealthy Jewish chocolatier while studying in Vienna, Wright often underplayed the contributions of those who were associated with him and never gave credit. Upon seeing the completed hotel he remarked that it had turned out as badly as he expected, characteristic of this is the letter he wrote to Albert Chase McArthur’s widow, twenty-five years after the Arizona Biltmore’s completion, I have always given Alberts name as architect. But I know better and so should you and he made similar dismissive remarks at Alberts home immediately after Alberts funeral, and Charles McArthur struck him in the face, knocking him down

5.
Hilton Worldwide
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Hilton Inc. is an American multinational hospitality company that manages and franchises a broad portfolio of hotels and resorts. Founded by Conrad Hilton in 1919, the corporation is now led by Christopher J. Nassetta, Hilton is headquartered in Tysons Corner, Virginia. As of December 2016, its portfolio includes 4,922 properties with 804,097 rooms in 104 countries and territories, prior to their December 2013 IPO, Hilton was ranked as the 36th largest privately held company in the United States by Forbes. On December 12,2013, Hilton again became a public company, the Blackstone Group holds a 45.8 percent stake in the company. In October 2016, HNA Group agreed to acquire a 25 percent equity interest in Hilton from Blackstone, the transaction is expected to close in the first quarter of 2017. Hilton was founded by Conrad Hilton in Cisco, Texas, in 1919 and had its headquarters in Beverly Hills, California, in August 2009, the company moved to Tysons Corner, unincorporated Fairfax County, Virginia, near McLean. In 1919, Conrad Hilton purchased his first hotel, the 40-room Mobley Hotel in Cisco, Texas, in 1925, the Dallas Hilton became the first hotel to use the Hilton name. In 1927, Hilton expanded to Waco, Texas where he opened the first hotel with air-conditioning in public areas, in 1943, Hilton purchased the Roosevelt Hotel and the Plaza Hotel in New York, establishing the first hospitality company to span the contiguous United States. The company incorporated in 1946 as the Hilton Hotels Corporation, Hilton International was born a few years later with the opening of the Caribe Hilton Hotel in Puerto Rico. Barman Ramon Monchito Marreno claimed he created the piña colada cocktail at this resort, Hilton purchased the Waldorf Astoria New York in the same year. Conrad Hilton was featured on the cover of Time Magazine, the only hotelier at the time to have been so, the Hotels Statler Company was acquired in 1954 for $111 million in what was then the worlds most expensive real estate transaction. One year later, Hilton created the worlds first central reservations office titled HILCRON, the reservations team in 1955 consisted of eight members on staff booking reservations for any of Hiltons then 28 hotels. Reservations agents would use the availability board to track records, the chalk board measured 30 feet by 6 feet, and allowed HILCRON to make over 6,000 reservations in the year. Bookings could be made for any Hilton via telephone, telegram, later in 1955, Hilton launched a program to ensure every hotel room would include air conditioning. In late 1955, Hilton opened the first post-World War II property in Istanbul, Hilton is credited with pioneering the airport hotel concept with the opening of the San Francisco Airport Hilton in 1959. In 1965, Hilton launched Lady Hilton, the first hotel concept created specifically for women guests, to appeal to female travelers, a number of properties offered floors occupied by only women along with distinct amenities for their usage. In 1969, the first DoubleTree Hotel opened, at the time, Hilton was not affiliated with the brand until its acquisition of the parent company in 1999. When Hilton purchased the Flamingo Las Vegas in 1970, the company would become the first in the gaming business to be listed on the NYSE

6.
Travel Channel
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Travel Channel is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Scripps Networks Interactive. The channel is headquartered in Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States and it features documentaries, reality, and how-to shows related to travel and leisure around the United States and throughout the world. As of February 2015, Travel Channel is available to approximately 91.5 million pay television households in the United States, the Travel Channel was launched on February 1,1987, it was founded by Trans World Airlines, presumably to boost airline patronage. The channels name was derived from the travel-related filler programming that aired between programs on the Home Theater Network, TWA purchased the name rights from Group W Satellite Communications in 1986, and took over HTNs transponder spot following the shutdown of the premium cable channel in January 1987. The network was sold to Landmark Communications, then-owner of The Weather Channel. Discovery Communications acquired a 70% ownership stake in the channel in 1997, in May 2007, Discovery Communications sold Travel Channel to Cox Enterprises subsidiary Cox Communications as part of a larger multibillion-dollar transaction. However, Discovery Communications still distributed the channel through its Discovery Networks unit, on November 5,2009, Scripps Networks Interactive acquired a 65% ownership interest in the network for $1.1 billion, the deal closed in January 2010. Scripps currently distributes the Travel Channel and rebroadcasts some of sister channel Food Networks programming on the network, the deal was completed on May 1,2012, following regulatory approval. The international channels were integrated with Scripps Travel Channel, in late 2015, Scripps announced that it will relocate the Travel Channel headquarters to Knoxville, Tennessee, in order to consolidate its networks in one place. Current employees are given the option to move to Knoxville, though some may relocate to New York, on February 25,2016, Scripps acquired the remaining 35% stake in Travel Channel from Cox Communications, giving it full control over the network

7.
Frank Lloyd Wright
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Frank Lloyd Wright was an American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures,532 of which were completed. Wright believed in designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment and this philosophy was best exemplified by Fallingwater, which has been called the best all-time work of American architecture. Wright was a leader of the Prairie School movement of architecture and developed the concept of the Usonian home and his creative period spanned more than 70 years. In addition to his houses, Wright designed original and innovative offices, churches, schools, skyscrapers, hotels, museums and he often designed interior elements for these buildings as well, including furniture and stained glass. Wright wrote 20 books and many articles and was a lecturer in the United States. His colorful personal life made headlines, most notably for the 1914 fire. Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as the greatest American architect of all time, Frank Lloyd Wright was born Frank Lincoln Wright in the farming town of Richland Center, Wisconsin, United States, in 1867. His father, William Carey Wright, was an orator, music teacher, occasional lawyer, William Wright met and married Anna Lloyd Jones, a county school teacher, the previous year when he was employed as the superintendent of schools for Richland County. Originally from Massachusetts, William Wright had been a Baptist minister, Anna was a member of the large, prosperous and well-known Lloyd Jones family of Unitarians, who had emigrated from Wales to Spring Green, Wisconsin. One of Annas brothers was Jenkin Lloyd Jones, who would become an important figure in the spread of the Unitarian faith in the Western United States, both of Wrights parents were strong-willed individuals with idiosyncratic interests that they passed on to him. According to his biography, his mother declared when she was expecting that her first child would grow up to build beautiful buildings and she decorated his nursery with engravings of English cathedrals torn from a periodical to encourage the infants ambition. In 1870 the family moved to Weymouth, Massachusetts, where William ministered to a small congregation, in 1876, Anna visited the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia where she saw an exhibit of educational blocks created by Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel. The blocks, known as Froebel Gifts, were the foundation of his innovative kindergarten curriculum, Anna, a trained teacher, was excited by the program and bought a set with which young Wright spent much time playing. The blocks in the set were geometrically shaped and could be assembled in various combinations to form three-dimensional compositions, the Wright family struggled financially in Weymouth and returned to Spring Green, Wisconsin, where the supportive Lloyd Jones clan could help William find employment. They settled in Madison, where William taught music lessons and served as the secretary to the newly formed Unitarian society, although William was a distant parent, he shared his love of music, especially the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, with his children. Soon after Wright turned 14, his parents separated, Anna had been unhappy for some time with Williams inability to provide for his family and asked him to leave. The divorce was finalized in 1885 after William sued Anna for lack of physical affection, William left Wisconsin after the divorce and Wright claimed he never saw his father again. At this time he changed his name from Lincoln to Lloyd in honor of his mothers family

8.
Architectural Record
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Architectural Record is an American monthly magazine that is dedicated to architecture and interior design. Published by BNP Media, it is generally considered The Record of Architectural History, news, commentary, criticism, and continuing-education sections outline the scope of content. Of note are the glossy, high-quality photos that accentuate the featured projects, an underscore of this interrelationship, previous editor-in-chief Robert Ivy now acts as CEO of the AIA. Architectural Record began publication in 1891 by Clinton W. Sweet, Sweet and Frederick Warren Dodge soon formed a partnership. Dodge published an information service for builders and architects, originally in Boston, together they established Sweets Indexed Catalogue of Building Construction, a publication intended to be a summary filing of manufacturers catalogs. In March 1938, the periodical American Architect and Architecture, first published in 1876, was merged with Architectural Record and this combined the two oldest architectural magazines in the United States. Sweets Catalog and Architectural Record became part of F. W. Dodge Corporation in 1912, mcGraw Hill acquired F. W. Dodge in 1961. McGraw-Hill divested the subsidiary McGraw-Hill Construction to Symphony Technology Group for US$320 million on September 22,2014, the sale included Engineering News-Record, Architectural Record, Dodge and Sweets. McGraw-Hill Construction has been renamed Dodge Data & Analytics, the editorial offices are located in Manhattan in the Empire State Building. Record Houses is an awards program organized by Architectural Record. Winning projects are selected by a jury and published in the magazine. Preference is given to “projects that incorporate innovation in program, building technology, materials, leading up to 1910 Gelett Burgess interviewed and wrote about avant-garde artists and artworks in and around Paris. Other important works were reproduced by Henri Matisse, Auguste Herbin, Architectural Record website Early issues of Architectural Record, Hathi Trust Digital Library

9.
Alfonso Iannelli
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Alfonso Iannelli was an Italian-American sculptor, artist, and industrial designer. Based in Chicago for most of his life, Iannelli was born in Andretta and he came to America in 1898. He studied to be a sculptor under Gutzon Borglum, later famous for Mount Rushmore, from 1910 to 1915, he designed posters for the vaudeville acts appearing at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles. Frank Lloyd Wrights son John saw his work, and the two became friends, John introduced Iannellis work to his father, Frank Lloyd Wright, who invited Iannelli to work with him on his Midway Gardens project in 1914. Iannelli created several of the Midways Sprite sculptures for Wright, but Wright took all credit for them, and the two would never collaborate again. He also collaborated with Chicago architect Enrst Grunfeld on several Art Déco-style plaques in 1929 to 1930 for the Adler Planetarium and these contributions include the zodiac signs of astrology and depictions of the planets in their mythological forms. About this time, Ianelli also designed a fountain for the Riverside Studio in Tulsa. Noted architect Bruce Goff completed the building in 1929 for a music teacher named Patti Adams Shriner. The Riverside Studio was listed on the U. S. National Register of Historic Places in 2001, Iannelli also worked on numerous exhibitions at the 1933 Century of Progress, including the Radio Flyer and Havoline Thermometer buildings. He went on to open Iannelli Studios in Park Ridge, Illinois, in collaboration with his wife Margaret, Iannelli Studios grew to become one of Chicagos most famous art studios at the time. They included more collaborators and expanded into commercial design, advertising, product design and he also designed the large-scale Rock of Gibraltar relief on the facade of the Prudential Building in Chicago. He died in Chicago on 23 March 1965

10.
Midway Gardens
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Midway Gardens was a 300’ square indoor/outdoor entertainment facility in the Hyde Park neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago. It was designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright, who collaborated with sculptors Richard Bock. Midway Gardens was opened on the site of the former Sans Souci amusement park on the southwest corner of Cottage Grove Avenue, Waller commissioned Frank Lloyd Wright to design and build the Gardens in 1914. Construction was completed quickly, and the Gardens opened in June,1914. Although at first business was strong, Waller never had enough funds to back the construction and upkeep of Midway Gardens, at this point, Midway Gardens was purchased by the Edelweiss Brewery Company and renamed “Edelweiss Gardens”. Wright, who exerted strong creative control over his completed projects, was disgusted by the aesthetic changes the new owner made to the Gardens. He wrote that Edelweiss had added features and that the whole effect of the proud Midway Gardens was cheapened to suit a hearty bourgeois taste. Edelweiss Gardens continued through the war years and stayed open as a dry establishment during Prohibition, in 1921, the building was sold once more, to the E. C. Dietrich Midway Automobile Tire and Supply Company, and renamed “The Midway Dancing Gardens”, finally, in October 1929, Midway Gardens was closed permanently and demolished. A testament to Wrights design, the building was so constructed that tearing it down sent the wrecking company into bankruptcy. Midway Gardens was an entertainment center intended to act as a beer hall. The large area offered entertainment to a variety of people in a German-style meeting place. The Gardens included restaurants, saloons, newspaper and cigar stands, when Prohibition was passed, the Gardens lost part of their entertainment value. When it opened, Midway Gardens was an entertainment venue that was also affordable to the common person. Max Bendix and the National Symphony Orchestra frequented the concert section because they were the house band, the ballet dancer Anna Pavlova performed numerous times as well. Frank Lloyd Wright brought in acts to sing, dance, and play music. After it became Edelweiss Gardens, however, the class atmosphere switched to one of vaudeville, ragtime. The modernist architecture of the Gardens was based on geometrical forms

11.
William Wrigley Jr.
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William L. Wrigley Jr. was an American chewing gum industrialist. He was founder and eponym of the Wm. Wrigley Jr and he was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1891, at the age of 29, Wrigley moved from Philadelphia to Chicago and he had $32 to his name and with it he formed a business to sell Wrigleys Scouring Soap. He offered customers small premiums, particularly baking powder, as an incentive to buy his soap. Finding the baking powder was more popular than his soap, Wrigley switched to selling baking powder, again, Wrigley found that the premium he offered was more popular than his base product, and his company began to concentrate on the manufacture and sale of chewing gum. In this business, Wrigley made his name and fortune, Wrigley played an instrumental role in the development of Santa Catalina Island, California, off the shore of Los Angeles, California. He bought a controlling interest in the Santa Catalina Island Company in 1919, Wrigley improved the island with public utilities, new steamships, a hotel, the Casino building, and extensive plantings of trees, shrubs, and flowers. He also sought to create an enterprise that would help local residents. By making use of clay and minerals found on the island at a beach near Avalon, in 1927 William Wrigley Jr. created the Pebbly Beach quarry, along with creating jobs for Avalon residents, the plant also supplied material for Wrigleys numerous building projects on the island. After the building of Avalons Casino in 1929, the Catalina Clay Products Tile and Pottery Plant began producing glazed tiles, dinnerware, another of Wrigleys legacies was his plan for the future of Catalina Island—that it be protected for future generations to enjoy. In 1972, his son, Philip K. Wrigley, established the Catalina Island Conservancy for this purpose, Wrigley is honored by the Wrigley Memorial in the Wrigley Botanical Gardens on the island. In 1916, Wrigley bought a minority stake in the Chicago Cubs baseball team as part of a group headed by Charles Weeghman, over the next four years, as Weeghmans lunch-counter business declined, he was forced to sell much of his stock in the ball club to Wrigley. By 1918, Weeghman had sold all of his stock to Wrigley, making Wrigley the largest shareholder and principal owner, Wrigley Field, the Cubs ballpark in Chicago, is named for him. The now-demolished former home of the Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific Coast League, Wrigley purchased the Chicago Cubs from Albert Lasker in 1925. The Arizona Biltmore Hotel in Phoenix, Arizona, was financed and wholly owned by Wrigley. At 16,000 square feet, it was the smallest of his five residences, in 1947, Wrigleys remains were moved to allow the gardens to be made public. There is a rumor that the remains were moved during World War II due to security concerns. His original grave marker still adorns the tower site

12.
Wrigley Mansion
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The Wrigley Mansion in Phoenix, Arizona, is a landmark building constructed between 1929 and 1931 by chewing-gum magnate William Wrigley, Jr. It is also known as William Wrigley, Jr, winter Cottage and as La Colina Solana. Located at 2501 East Telewa Trail, it sits atop a 100-foot knoll with views of greater Phoenix to the south, close to the Arizona Biltmore Hotel, which Wrigley owned. Architect Earl Heitschmidt of Los Angeles designed the home at a cost of $1.2 million and it has 24 rooms,12 bathrooms, and over 16,000 square feet. Much of the extensive tilework was shipped to Phoenix from Wrigleys own factory in Catalina, hauled by mule to the site. The Wrigleys maintained other residences in Chicago, Philadelphia, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, Catalina Island, and Pasadena, and used this, William Wrigley died in 1932, shortly after its completion. Wrigley Mansion Club In July 1992, Geordie Hormel bought the mansion and made it available for meetings, conventions, due to zoning regulation, The Wrigley Mansion must operate as a private club. The Wrigley Mansion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, the mansion has been designated as a Phoenix Point of Pride. The mansion has been Winner of The Knot Weddings for 2011,2009 and 2008, list of historic properties in Phoenix, Arizona Phoenix Historic Property Register Houses in Phoenix, Arizona Official Wrigley Mansion Club website

13.
Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas

14.
Marilyn Monroe
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Marilyn Monroe was an American actress and model. Famous for playing comic dumb blonde characters, she one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s. Although she was an actress for only a decade, her films grossed $200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962. She continues to be considered a popular culture icon. Born and raised in Los Angeles, Monroe spent most of her childhood in foster homes, while working in a factory in 1944 as part of the war effort, she was introduced to a photographer from the First Motion Picture Unit and began a successful pin-up modeling career. The work led to short-lived film contracts with Twentieth Century-Fox and Columbia Pictures, after a series of minor film roles, she signed a new contract with Fox in 1951. Over the next two years, she became an actress with roles in several comedies, including As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business. Monroe faced a scandal when it was revealed that she had posed for photos before becoming a star, but rather than damaging her career. Although she played a significant role in the creation and management of her public image throughout her career, she was disappointed at being typecast and underpaid by the studio. She was briefly suspended in early 1954 for refusing a film project, when the studio was still reluctant to change her contract, Monroe founded a film production company in late 1954, she named it Marilyn Monroe Productions. She dedicated 1955 to building her company and began studying acting at the Actors Studio. In late 1955, Fox awarded her a new contract, which gave her more control and a larger salary. After a critically acclaimed performance in Bus Stop and acting in the first independent production of MMP, The Prince and her last completed film was the drama The Misfits. Monroes troubled private life received much attention and she struggled with substance abuse, depression, and anxiety. She had two highly publicized marriages, to retired baseball star Joe DiMaggio and playwright Arthur Miller, both of which ended in divorce and she died at the age of 36 on August 5,1962, from an overdose of barbiturates at her home in Los Angeles. Although Monroes death was ruled a suicide, several conspiracy theories have been proposed in the decades following her death. Monroe was born Norma Jeane Mortenson at the Los Angeles County Hospital on June 1,1926, Gladys, the daughter of two poor Midwestern migrants to California, was a flapper and worked as a film negative cutter at Consolidated Film Industries. When she was fifteen, Gladys married a man nine years her senior, John Newton Baker and she filed for divorce in 1921, and Baker took the children with him to his native Kentucky

15.
Martha Raye
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Martha Raye was an American actress and singer who performed in movies, and later on television. She also acted in plays, including Broadway and she was honored in 1969 with an Academy Award as the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award recipient for her volunteer efforts and services to the troops. Rayes life as a singer and comedic performer began in early childhood. She was born at St. James Hospital in Butte, Montana, as Margy Reed and her father, Peter F. Reed Jr. was an Irish immigrant, while her mother, Maybelle Hazel Reed, was raised in Milwaukee and Montana. Her parents were performing in a vaudeville theatre as Reed. Two days later, her mother was performing again, Martha first appeared in their act when she was three years old. She later performed with her brother Bud, and the children became so popular that their parents act was renamed Margie, in the early 1930s, Raye was a band vocalist with the Paul Ash and Boris Morros orchestras. She made her first film appearance in 1934 in a short titled A Nite in the Nite Club. In 1936, she was signed for comic roles by Paramount Pictures and her first feature film was Rhythm on the Range with crooner Bing Crosby. From 1936–39, she was a featured cast member in 39 episodes of Al Jolsons weekly CBS radio show, The Lifebuoy Program, in addition to comedy, Martha sang both solos and duets with Jolson. Over the next century, she would appear with many of the leading comics of her day, including Joe E. Brown, Bob Hope. Fields, Abbott and Costello, Charlie Chaplin, and Jimmy Durante and she joined the USO in 1942, soon after the US entered World War II. She was known for the size of her mouth, which was large in proportion to her face, earning her the nickname The Big Mouth. She later referred to this in a series of commercials for Polident denture cleaner in the 1980s, So take it from The Big Mouth. Her large mouth would relegate her motion picture work to supporting comic parts, in the Disney cartoon Mother Goose Goes Hollywood, she is caricatured while dancing alongside Joe E. Brown, another actor known for a big mouth. In the Warner Bros. cartoon The Woods Are Full Of Cuckoos, in 1968, she was awarded the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in the form of an Oscar. On November 2,1993, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Bill Clinton for her service to her country. The citation reads, A talented performer whose career spans the better part of a century, Martha Raye has delighted audiences and she brought her tremendous comedic and musical skills to her work in film, stage, and television, helping to shape American entertainment

16.
Taliesin Associated Architects
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Taliesin Associated Architects was an architectural firm founded by Frank Lloyd Wright to carry on his architectural vision after his death in 1959. It was headquartered at Taliesin West and had up to 14 principals who had all worked under Wright, one of their first major projects was the Rocky Mountain National Park Administration Building, part of Mission 66 for the National Park Service. Along with original work such as the Kaden Tower, the firm completed several of Wrights unbuilt designs, the first managing principal was Wrights protégé and son-in-law William Wesley Peters, until his death in 1991. Other TAA architects included Charles Montooth and John Rattenbury

17.
Boca Raton Resort
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The Boca Raton Resort & Club, which opened February 6,1926 as the Ritz-Carlton Cloister Inn, is a large resort and membership-based club located in Boca Raton, Florida. Originally designed by California-born architect, Addison Mizner, it was intended to have been the second of two hotels, with the other an oceanfront hotel, throughout the Florida land boom of the 1920s, Mizner visioned and began to plan Boca Raton as a major resort destination. To that extent a golf course and residential community, the Ritz-Carlton Park, was planned west of the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad, currently, the club is part of Waldorf Astoria Hotels and Resorts by the Hilton Hotels Corporation, an affiliate of the Blackstone Group. Before the Spring of 2009, LXR Luxury Resorts operated the resort, when the real estate bubbles following economic depression ended, Philadelphia utility millionaire Clarence H. Geist purchased the inn via an auction in 1927, and expanded it into the Boca Raton Club. Architectural firm, Schultze and Weaver had doubled the size. Subsequently, the U. S. Army used the club as barracks during World War II, touted by officials as the most elegant barracks in history, it housed soldiers during the Boca Raton Army Air Fields operation. Within post-war times, the Boca Raton Clubs ownership and ultimately name were changed, the Schine family purchased the club in 1944, renaming it the Boca Hotel and Club. While it was known on brochures as The Boca Raton. Arthur Vining Davis, whose brainchild was the Arvida Corporation had been responsible for modernizing the hotel, opening the Boca Raton Club Tower in 1969, the building is still considerably taller than any other building in southern Palm Beach County. In addition, its famous Boca pink color has made it more famous than its stature of 300 feet, Arvida had also constructed the resorts beach club in 1980 on the site Mizner intended the main hotel to stand on. In February,2009, the Beach Club finished a $150 million renovation, VMS Realty, Incorporated, the successors to Arvida regarding ownership, purchased the property in 1983 and renamed the hotel to the current Boca Raton Resort & Club in 1988. Today, it is referred to as the Boca Raton Resort & Club a Waldorf Astoria Resort, Boca Raton Resort official website History regarding the club Real estate at the Boca Resort

18.
Hyatt
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Hyatt Hotels Corporation is an American multinational owner, operator, and franchiser of hotels, resorts, and vacation properties. The Hyatt Corporation came into being upon purchase of the Hyatt House, at Los Angeles International Airport, as of September 30,2016, Hyatt has 679 properties in 54 countries. In 2017, Fortune magazine listed Hyatt as the 32nd-best U. S. company to work for, the original owners were entrepreneurs Hyatt Robert von Dehn and Jack Dyer Crouch, after a few years, Von Dehn sold his share in the hotel to entrepreneur Jay Pritzker. Jays younger brother Donald Pritzker also took on an important role in the company, over the following decade, acquisitions were made, and Hyatt became the fastest-growing hotel chain in the United States. Donald died in 1972, Jay continued to run the company, in 1969, Hyatt opened its first hotel outside the United States, the Hyatt Regency Hong Kong. In 1980 the Grand Hyatt and Park Hyatt brands were introduced, Hyatt runs resort hotels, starting with the Hyatt Regency Maui in 1980. As of 30 November 2015 Hyatt had over 627 hotels worldwide, in 1972 Hyatt formed Elsinore Corporation, a subsidiary to operate the Four Queens Hotel and Casino and the Hyatt Regency Lake Tahoe Resort, Spa & Casino. After Hyatt became a company in 1979, Elsinore was spun off as a public company. The company opened the Playboy Hotel and Casino as a joint venture with Playboy Enterprises, on June 30,2009, Global Hyatt Corporation changed its name to Hyatt Hotels Corporation. Blackstone had inherited AmeriSuites from its 2004 acquisition of Prime Hospitality, the AmeriSuites chain was rebranded and called Hyatt Place, a competitor to the limited-service products Marriott Internationals Courtyard by Marriott and Hilton Worldwides Hilton Garden Inn. In December 2005 Hyatt acquired limited service company Summerfield Suites from the Blackstone Group, Blackstone had inherited Summerfield Suites from its purchase of Wyndham International. In August 2009 it was reported that Hyatt Hotels Corporation filed plans to raise up to $1.15 billion in a share sale. That November Hyatt completed a public offering and began trading publicly on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol H. According to the filing Mark S. Hoplamazian was to serve as CEO, the public offering is a result of the acrimonious breakup of the Pritzker family empire. As of 31 December 2014 Hyatt Corporations worldwide portfolio consisted of 587 properties, on September 1,2011, Hyatt acquired Hotel Sierra, which has 18 properties in 10 states. Along with Hyatt Summerfield Suites hotels, several of these properties were rebranded as Hyatt house in January 2012, Hyatt Hotels Corporation operates several chains. The Human Rights Campaign awarded the company 100% in the HRC Equality Index for eight consecutive years, the Hyatt Regency brand is the oldest brand in the company, with the Grand Hyatt and Park Hyatt brands being introduced in 1980. Some of these are styled as resort properties, and may have spas or other recreational facilities, other brands include Hyatt Place, designed as a limited service offering for business travelers

19.
Radisson Hotels
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Radisson Hotels is an international hotel company and a subsidiary of the Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group. It operates the brands Radisson, Radisson blu, Radisson RED, the first Radisson Hotel was built in 1909 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, US. It is named after the 17th-century French explorer, ranger and furrier Pierre-Esprit Radisson, the hotel was purchased in 1962 by Curt Carlson and is still owned by the Carlson estate. The majority of Radisson-branded hotels are located in the United States, the original Radisson Hotel, founded by heiress Edna Dickerson, was opened on December 15,1909 at 41 South Seventh Street in Minneapolis. Radisson Blu is the name for Radisson hotels primarily outside the United States, including those in Europe, Africa. These are operated by Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group, of which Carlson is the main stakeholder, scandinavian Airlines System was previously a major shareholder and licensed its brand for Radisson SAS hotels. Following the withdrawal of SAS from the partnership on February 4,2009, Radisson Blu operates 158 hotels, with 42 projects in development. Radisson Blu previously did not exist within the borders of the United States, the first Radisson Blu in the United States opened in downtown Chicago in Aqua, a skyscraper, in November 2011. The second one opened in March 2013 in Bloomington, Minnesota and is connected to the Mall of America, former Radisson Plaza hotels in Philadelphia and Minneapolis were converted to Radisson Blu. Radisson Blu Edwardian Hotels is a line of 14 hotels in London and Manchester. Radisson RED is a brand targeted at young travelers. It officially launched in 2015, with the first hotel opening in Brussels in April 2016, Hotels will be in cities worldwide, with a target of 60 locations by 2020. Park Inn by Radisson is a group of hotels that has 127 locations worldwide. Their strategy includes expansion into North America and key emerging economies like Brazil, Russia, India, notable locations include the Park Inn Berlin

20.
Florida Panthers
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The Florida Panthers are a professional ice hockey team based in the Miami metropolitan area. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League and it was founded in 1993 as an expansion team. They play home games at the BB&T Center in Sunrise, Florida, the team has made one appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, in 1996, the only season in which the Panthers have ever won a playoff series, eventually losing the Finals to the Colorado Avalanche. Blockbuster Video magnate Wayne Huizenga was awarded an NHL franchise for Miami on December 10,1992, at the time, Huizenga owned both the newly founded Florida Marlins of Major League Baseball and a share of the National Football Leagues Miami Dolphins. The entry fee was $50 million, but despite fellow Florida team Tampa Bay Lightning starting play the year before, Huizenga announced the team would play at the Miami Arena, sharing the building with the National Basketball Associations Miami Heat, until a new arena was built. The team is named for the Florida panther, a species of large cat endemic to the nearby Everglades region. Once the logos and uniforms were unveiled on June 15, the team announced its financial commitment to the panther preservation cause. Huizenga held the Panthers trademark since 1991, when he purchased it from a group of Tampa investors who sought to create an MLB team on the Bay area, the new franchise would join the NHL for participation in the 1993–94 season, along with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. The Panthers first major stars were New York Rangers goaltender castoff John Vanbiesbrouck, rookie Rob Niedermayer and forward Scott Mellanby, who scored 30 goals in Floridas inaugural season. The Panthers had one of the most successful first seasons of any expansion team and their first-year success was attributed mainly to the trap defense that first-year coach Roger Neilson implemented. This conservative style was criticized by NHL teams, some even suggested that the Panthers were ruining the game at the time. While the team expected the audience to consist of mostly snowbird Canadians living in Florida. Helped by Miamis other teams having middling performances, the club averaged 94% capacity at the 14, 500-seat Miami Arena, in August 1994, General Manager Clarke left to work for the Philadelphia Flyers, while Bryan Murray was brought in from the Detroit Red Wings as his replacement. Doug MacLean, who had been the player development director, was promoted to coach. The team then acquired Ray Sheppard from the San Jose Sharks at the NHL trade deadline, a very unusual goal celebration developed in Miami during the 1995–96 season. On the night of the Panthers 1995–96 home opener, a rat scurried across the locker room. Scott Mellanby reacted by one-timing the rat against the wall, killing it and that night, he scored two goals, which Vanbiesbrouck quipped was a rat trick. Two nights later, as the story found its way into the world, the rubber rat count went from 16 for the third home game to over 2,000 during the playoffs

21.
BB&T Center (Sunrise, Florida)
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The BB&T Center is an indoor arena located in Sunrise, Florida. It is home to the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League and it was completed in 1998, at a cost of US$185 million, almost entirely publicly financed, and features 70 suites and 2,623 club seats. In 1992, Wayne Huizenga obtained a new NHL franchise that would become the Florida Panthers. Until the team had an arena of their own, they played at the now-demolished Miami Arena. In June 1996, the site was chosen by the Panthers, architects Ellerbe Becket were given 26 months to build the arena, which had to be ready by August 30,1998, to accommodate the 1998–99 NHL season. Despite never having designed a facility that had less than 31 months from start to finish. Seventy suites were completed with wet bars, closed circuit monitors, averaging over 650 square feet, the suites are the largest in the country for this type of facility. All the activity was generated by over 50 subcontractors and 2.3 million man hours without a single injury, a certificate of occupancy was given on September 12, and the arena opened on October 3 with a Celine Dion concert. The next day, Elton John performed, and on October 9 the Panthers had their first home game at the new arena, as NRCs new parent company ANC Rental went bankrupt in 2002, the Panthers sought a new sponsor for the arena. It later became the Office Depot Center in the summer of 2002, as BB&T purchased BankAtlantic in July 2012, two months later the arena was rebranded as BB&T Center. BB&T Center is currently the largest arena in Florida and second-largest in the Southeastern United States, during the 2011 offseason, the BB&T Center replaced the original green seats in the lower bowl with new red seats, as a part of the Panthers We See Red campaign. In October 2012, Sunrise Sports and Entertainment completed installation of the Club Red seating sections encompassing the center ice seats during hockey games and it is an all-inclusive nightclub experience following the trend of other sports and entertainment venues in incorporating high-end seating sections and clubs. The ADT Club located on the club level offers food and beverage, the Duffys Sky Club at the BB&T Center encompasses approximately 8,000 square feet and caters to approximately 500 guests. The Penalty Box offers fans another seating and dining option inside the BB&T Center, the Legends Lounge is a restaurant located on the Lexus Suite Level and offers sit down service. The BB&T Center is also the home for private loge box seating, on May 14,2013, Broward County voted to fund a new scoreboard for the county-owned BB&T Center On October 11,2013, the scoreboard made its debut for the Panthers 2013–14 home opener. This arena also serves as the host for the Orange Bowl Basketball Classic held every December in conjunction with the college football game. The arena has hosted the 2003 NHL All-Star Game and the 2006 ABA All-Star game. U2 performed at the stadium on March 24 and 26,2001, during their Elevation Tour and they were the opening dates of the Elevation tour bringing fans from all over the world to South Florida

22.
Miami Arena
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Miami Arena was an indoor arena located in Miami, Florida. Completed in 1988 at a cost of $52.5 million, its opening took business away from the Hollywood Sportatorium, the 2001 Christmas Eve episode of WWF Monday Night Raw featuring The Rock was also held here. The WWF had to use the Arena because its home since 2000. By 1998, the Miami Arena, like most indoor sports arenas built in the late 1980s, was beginning to show its age and its seating capacity was one of the lowest of any NBA or NHL arena. In addition, sports teams in general began wanting newer, more updated facilities, specifically luxury suites and new concessions. On January 2,2000, the Heat moved to the new American Airlines Arena located three blocks east of Miami Arena on the shore of Biscayne Bay, as would what is now the WWE. Two years earlier, the Panthers had also left Miami Arena to play at what is now the BB&T Center located in Sunrise, Florida, near Floridas largest outlet mall, Sawgrass Mills. Most of the concerts that were held at Miami Arena are now held at venues, including the BB&T Center, American Airlines Arena or the Hard Rock Live in Hollywood. After the year 2000, the arena became mostly inactive, Miami Arena was sometimes called the Pink Elephant, because it was a white elephant with pink colored walls. The arena was easily accessible via mass transit, with a Metrorail stop at Historic Overtown/Lyric Theater station just across the street, miami-Dade city buses also service the arena area downtown. On August 3,2008, Straub announced in a interview that the interior of the arena had been cleared out. On September 21,2008, the roof of the Miami Arena was imploded, while the exterior walls remained standing after the implosion, demolition continued until the falling of the west wall on October 21,2008. Grand Central Park now occupies the site of where the arena once stood. Sports Basketball,15,008,15,200 Ice hockey and arena football,14,703 Concerts Full house,16,627 3/4 house,9,878 1/2 house,7,485 In the round,16,694 Banquets,500 Luxury suites,261

23.
Orlando, Florida
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Orlando is a city in the U. S. state of Florida and the county seat of Orange County. Located in Central Florida, it is the center of the Orlando metropolitan area, which had a population of 4,000,002, according to U. S. As of 2015, Orlando had an estimated population of 270,934, making it the 73rd-largest city in the United States, the fourth-largest city in Florida. The City of Orlando is nicknamed The City Beautiful, and its symbol is the fountain at Lake Eola, Orlando is also known as The Theme Park Capital of the World and in 2014 its tourist attractions and events drew more than 62 million visitors. The Orlando International Airport is the thirteenth-busiest airport in the United States, with the exception of Walt Disney World, most major attractions are located along International Drive. The city is one of the busiest American cities for conferences and conventions. Orlando is home to the University of Central Florida, which is the largest university campus in the United States in terms of enrollment as of 2015, in 2010, Orlando was listed as a Gamma− level of world-city in the World Cities Study Groups inventory. Orlando ranks as the fourth-most popular American city based on where people want to live according to a 2009 Pew Research Center study. Fort Gatlin, as the Orlando area was known, was established at what is now just south of the city limits by the 4th U. S. Artillery under the command of Ltc, alexander C. W. Fanning on November 9,1838 during the construction of a series of fortified encampments across Florida during the Second Seminole War. The fort and surrounding area were named for Dr. John S. Gatlin, king Phillip and Coacoochee frequented this area and the tree was alleged to be the place where the previous 1835 ambush that had killed over 100 soldiers had been planned. When the U. S. military abandoned the fort in 1839 the surrounding community was built up by settlers, prior to being known by its current name, Orlando was once known as Jernigan. Aarron Jernigan became Orange Countys first State Representative in 1845 but his pleas for military protection went unanswered. Fort Gatlin was briefly reoccupied by the military for a few weeks during October and November 1849, a historical marker indicates that by 1850 the Jernigan homestead served as the nucleus of a village named Jernigan. One of the countys first records, a grand jurys report, mentions a stockade where it states homesteaders were driven from their homes, Aaron Jernigan led a local volunteer militia during 1852. Jernigan appears on an 1855 map of Florida and by 1856 the area had become the county seat of Orange County and it is known for certain that the area was renamed Orlando in 1857. The move is believed to be sparked, in part, by Aaron Jernigans fall from grace after he was relieved of his command by military officials in 1856. His behavior was so notorious that Secretary of War Jefferson Davis wrote, in 1859, Jernigan and his sons were accused of committing a murder at the towns post office

24.
Paulson & Co.
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Paulson & Co. Inc. is an American investment management firm, established by its president and portfolio manager, John Paulson in 1994. Headquartered in New York with offices in London and Hong Kong and it has approximately 120 employees, and $18 billion in assets under management. The firm primarily provides its services to pooled investment vehicles, but also caters to banking or savings and it employs fundamental analysis to make its investments which may include merger arbitrage, long/short, and event-driven strategy. The firm is a partnership, the partners being John Paulson, Paulson provides services to investment vehicle pools and manages accounts for banking institutions, corporations and pension and profit sharing plans. As of December 2015 the John Paulsons hedge funds had $19 billion assets under management, compared to $18 billion in September 2013, almost 60 percent of the assets under management belong to the firms own employees — including John Paulsons — as of 2012. External investors in the Paulson funds include financial institutions, corporate and public funds, endowments, foundations. With goals of, capital preservation, above average returns, low volatility, there are approximately 50 investment professionals in the firm, including John Paulson who is the Portfolio Manager for all funds under management. Other key investment professionals include Andrew Hoine, Nikolai Petchenikov, Sheru Chowdry, Sihan Shu, Michael Waldorf, Paulson also has an external Advisory Board of well known economists that meets on a monthly basis to discuss investment themes, macroeconomic risks, and global fiscal and monetary policy. Current members of the Paulson advisory Board are Alan Greenspan, Christopher Thornberg, Edward Altman, through the various filing requirements imposed by these regulatory bodies, Paulson makes regular disclosures regarding its portfolio holdings across various jurisdictions. Paulson & Co. Inc. was established by its founder and President, John Paulson, Paulson has invested in a number of undervalued companies that are acquisition targets, aiming to increase the bid price on these companies as a large shareholder. This holding out paid off when another suitor, Conseco Inc. purchased Washington National for $410 million, the bubble continued to grow through 2005 and 2006, but by 2007 began to deflate. The deal was made in late April 2007 and several months later the bonds began to default, in total Paulson reportedly earned $15 billion on $12.5 billion of investment in 2007—a return of over 100%. In 2008, Paulsons bearish outlook on the markets continued. Paulson believed that problems would expand beyond subprime mortgages into consumer, auto, commercial and corporate credit, stressing financial institutions. Sectors include mortgage finance companies, specialty finance companies and regional, national, in September 2008, Paulson bet against four of the five biggest British banks including a £350m bet against Barclays, £292m against Royal Bank of Scotland, and £260m against Lloyds TSB. Paulson is reported to have earned a total of £280m after reducing its position in RBS in January 2009. To help protect their bets, PCI and others successfully prevented attempts to limit foreclosures, Paulson has replied that they were not involved in the marketing of any Abacus products to any third parties, and that Paulson did not sponsor or initiate Goldmans Abacus program. In April 2010, the U. S. Paulson released a statement saying that it was not the subject of this complaint, made no misrepresentations and is not the subject of any charges

25.
GIC Private Limited
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With a network of nine offices in key financial capitals around the world, GIC invests internationally in equities, fixed income, money-market instruments, real estate and special investments. GIC is one of a few global firms with the highest corporate credit ratings by both Standard & Poors and Moodys, of AAA and Aaa respectively. Its investment portfolio is managed by its three subsidiaries, GIC Asset Management Pte Ltd, GIC Real Estate Pte Ltd and GIC Special Investments Pte Ltd, in 2008, The Economist reported that Morgan Stanley had estimated the funds assets at US$330 billion. In addition to GIC, the Government of Singapore owns another sovereign wealth fund, Temasek Holdings and he was advised by a foreign merchant bank, N M Rothschild & Sons, and established the GIC. The government then embarked on a change in investment policy by investing the bulk of its reserves in longer-term, high-yielding assets rather than in liquid. An undisclosed number of those who left the MAS in 1981 went to work for the new GIC, in the late 1990s, four of its most senior positions were held by former Monetary Authority of Singapore officers. Traditionally, GIC has kept a low profile in its investments, during the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007–2010, however, a number of its investments attracted controversy. In 2013, according to the Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute, the GIC was one of the most active SWF investors for the year. In 2006, at the height of the US real estate bubble, it made a US$200 million investment in the equity of Stuyvesant Town—Peter Cooper Village, the largest apartment complex in Manhattan. The management of the complex, Tishman Speyer Properties and BlackRock Realty, defaulted on their loan in 2010, in late 2007, during the first phase of the crisis, GIC invested $11 billion Swiss francs for a 7. 9% stake in the Swiss bank UBS. The loans were converted into equity in 2010, with an estimated 70% loss of value, GIC had acknowledge that the timing for the investment could have been better. It also stated that investments made at that time have had positive returns which offset the losses on UBS. GICs total portfolio has fully recovered to its value prior to the financial crisis. In 2008, GIC invested US$6.88 billion for a 9% stake in Citigroup, in 2009, it pared its stake to less than 5%, realising a $1.6 billion profit, with another $1.6 billion paper profit on its remaining holding. As of 2013, GIC holds around 44% of its portfolio in North and South America, 25% in Europe, the consortium includes Snam an Italian gas storage and transport operator, Singapores GIC and EDF. GIC has the ability to invest across a spectrum of financial assets, from sovereign debt to infrastructure. GIC does not disclose the amount of funds it manages and its annual profit, revealing the exact amount would expose the full size of Singapores financial reserves and make it easier for speculators to attack the Singapore dollar during periods of vulnerability. It included two composite portfolios and volatility statistics to reflect the level of risk and to offer perspective in reading the 5-year and 10-year figures

26.
Arizona
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Arizona is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western United States and the Mountain West states and it is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, Arizona is one of the Four Corners states. It has borders with New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, California, and Mexico, Arizonas border with Mexico is 389 miles long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California. Arizona is the 48th state and last of the states to be admitted to the Union. Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain, after being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase, Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Alpine, in addition to the Grand Canyon National Park, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments. To the European settlers, their pronunciation sounded like Arissona, the area is still known as alĭ ṣonak in the Oodham language. Another possible origin is the Basque phrase haritz ona, as there were numerous Basque sheepherders in the area, There is a misconception that the states name originated from the Spanish term Árida Zona. See also lists of counties, islands, rivers, lakes, state parks, national parks, Arizona is in the Southwestern United States as one of the Four Corners states. Arizona is the sixth largest state by area, ranked after New Mexico, of the states 113,998 square miles, approximately 15% is privately owned. The remaining area is public forest and park land, state trust land, Arizona is well known for its desert Basin and Range region in the states southern portions, which is rich in a landscape of xerophyte plants such as the cactus. This regions topography was shaped by volcanism, followed by the cooling-off. Its climate has hot summers and mild winters. The state is well known for its pine-covered north-central portion of the high country of the Colorado Plateau. Like other states of the Southwest United States, Arizona has an abundance of mountains, despite the states aridity, 27% of Arizona is forest, a percentage comparable to modern-day France or Germany. The worlds largest stand of pine trees is in Arizona

27.
George W. Bush
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George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000 and he is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives shortly thereafter. He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election and he is the second president to assume the nations highest office after his father, following the lead of John Quincy Adams. He is also a brother of Jeb Bush, a former Governor of Florida who was a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in the 2016 presidential election, the September 11 terrorist attacks occurred eight months into Bushs first term as president. Bush responded with what became known as the Bush Doctrine, launching a War on Terror, a military campaign that included the war in Afghanistan in 2001. He also promoted policies on the economy, health care, education, Social Security reform and his tenure included national debates on immigration, Social Security, electronic surveillance, and torture. In the 2004 Presidential race, Bush defeated Democratic Senator John Kerry in another close election. After his re-election, Bush received increasingly heated criticism from across the spectrum for his handling of the Iraq War, Hurricane Katrina. Amid this criticism, the Democratic Party regained control of Congress in the 2006 elections, Bush left office in 2009, returning to Texas where he purchased a home in Crawford. He wrote a memoir, Decision Points and his presidential library was opened in 2013. His presidency has been ranked among the worst in historians polls published in the late 2000s and 2010s. George Walker Bush was born on July 6,1946, at Grace-New Haven Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut, as the first child of George Herbert Walker Bush and his wife, the former Barbara Pierce. He was raised in Midland and Houston, Texas, with four siblings, Jeb, Neil, Marvin, another younger sister, Robin, died from leukemia at the age of three in 1953. His grandfather, Prescott Bush, was a U. S and his father, George H. W. Bush, was Ronald Reagans Vice President from 1981 to 1989 and the 41st U. S. President from 1989 to 1993. Bush has English and some German ancestry, along with more distant Dutch, Welsh, Irish, French, Bush attended public schools in Midland, Texas, until the family moved to Houston after he had completed seventh grade. He then spent two years at The Kinkaid School, a school in Houston. Bush attended high school at Phillips Academy, a school in Andover, Massachusetts

28.
United States Secret Service
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The United States Secret Service is a federal law enforcement agency under the U. S. Department of Homeland Security. Until 2003, the Service was part of the U. S. Department of the Treasury, the Secret Services initial responsibility was to investigate counterfeiting of U. S. currency, which was rampant following the U. S. Civil War. The agency then evolved into the United States first domestic intelligence and counterintelligence agency, the Secret Service has two primary missions, investigation of financial crimes and physical protection of designated protectees. After the 1901 assassination of President William McKinley, Congress also directed the Secret Service to protect the President of the United States, Protection remains the other key mission of the United States Secret Service. From 1997 until 2013, legislation became effective limiting Secret Service protection to former Presidents, President Barack Obama signed legislation reversing this limit and reinstating lifetime protection on January 10,2013. The Secret Service investigates thousands of incidents a year of individuals threatening the President of the United States, the Director of Secret Service is appointed by the President of the United States. With a reported one third of the currency in circulation being counterfeit at the time, Chief William P. Wood was sworn in by Secretary of the Treasury Hugh McCulloch. It was commissioned in Washington, D. C. as the Secret Service Division of the Department of the Treasury with the mission of suppressing counterfeiting, the legislation creating the agency was on Abraham Lincolns desk the night he was assassinated. At the time, the other federal law enforcement agencies were the United States Park Police. Post Office Departments Office of Instructions and Mail Depredations, and the U. S. Marshals Service, the Marshals did not have the manpower to investigate all crime under federal jurisdiction, so the Secret Service began to investigate everything from murder to bank robbery to illegal gambling. After the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901, Congress informally requested that the Secret Service provide presidential protection, a year later, the Secret Service assumed full-time responsibility for presidential protection. In 1902, William Craig became the first Secret Service agent to die while serving, the Secret Service was the first U. S. domestic intelligence and counterintelligence agency. Domestic intelligence collection and counterintelligence responsibilities were vested in the Federal Bureau of Investigation upon the FBIs creation in 1908, the Secret Service assisted in arresting Japanese American leaders and in the Japanese American internment during World War II. Secret Service is not a part of the U. S, on October 16, the day of the summit, Burnham discovered a man holding a concealed palm pistol standing at the El Paso Chamber of Commerce building along the procession route. Burnham signaled a Texas Ranger, Private C. R. Moore, in 1950, President Harry S. Truman was residing in Blair House while the White House, across the street, was undergoing renovations. On November 1,1950, two Puerto Rican nationalists, Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola, approached Blair House with the intent to assassinate President Truman, Collazo and Torresola opened fire on Private Leslie Coffelt and other White House Police officers. Though mortally wounded by three shots from a 9 mm German Luger to his chest and abdomen, Private Coffelt returned fire, as of 2017, Coffelt is the only member of the Secret Service killed while protecting a US president against an assassination attempt. Collazo was also shot, but survived his injuries and served 29 years in prison before returning to Puerto Rico in late 1979, in 1968, as a result of Robert F. Kennedys assassination, Congress authorized protection of major presidential and vice presidential candidates and nominees

29.
John McCain presidential campaign, 2008
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The 2008 presidential campaign of John McCain, the longtime senior U. S. Senator from Arizona, was launched with an announcement on February 28,2007 during a live taping of the Late Show with David Letterman. Five days later, at the 2008 Republican National Convention, McCain was formally selected as the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 2008 presidential election and he made substantial overtures towards elements of the Republican base that had resisted his 2000 insurgency campaign. However, he fell behind in polls and fundraising, by July 2007 his campaign was forced to restructure its size. The tide of Republican sentiment against immigration reform legislation he sponsored also led to the erosion of his lead, towards the end of 2007, McCain began a resurgence, which was capped by his January 2008 wins in the New Hampshire, South Carolina, and Florida primaries. This made him the front-runner for the Republican nomination, on Super Tuesday, McCain won both the majority of states and delegates in the Republican primaries, giving him a commanding lead toward the Republican nomination. McCain clinched a majority of the delegates and became the presumptive Republican nominee with wins in several more primaries on March 4, the following day, President George W. Bush endorsed McCain at the White House. The dominant issue of the campaign became the crisis of 2008. On November 4,2008, McCain lost to Barack Obama in the election, receiving 173 votes of the electoral college to Obamas 365. He was well known for his service and competing in the 2000 presidential campaign. McCain also impressed many Republicans with his support for President Bushs re-election campaign in 2004. Since 1993, he also has served as chairman of the International Republican Institute, an earlier Time poll indicated that more Americans were familiar with McCain than any of the other frontrunners, including Obama and Republican candidate and former Mayor of New York Rudy Giuliani. During the 2006 election cycle, McCain attended 346 events and raised more than $10.5 million on behalf of Republican candidates and he also donated nearly $1.5 million to federal, state and county parties. In May 2006, McCain gave the commencement address at Jerry Falwells Liberty University, during his 2000 presidential bid, McCain had called Falwell an agent of intolerance. With significant coverage during the campaign, McCain said that he would never back down from his earlier statement and his later appearance at Liberty University prompted questions about the McCain-Falwell relationship and a possible presidential run in 2008. McCain backtracked and stated that Falwell is no longer as divisive, McCain delivered a similar address at The New School commencement in Madison Square Garden. McCain was booed, and several students and professors turned their backs or waved fliers reading McCain does not speak for me. McCains speech mentioned his support for the Iraq War and focused on hearing opposing viewpoints, listening to each other

30.
John McCain
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John Sidney McCain III is an American politician who currently serves as the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican nominee for the 2008 U. S. presidential election, McCain followed his father and grandfather, both four-star admirals, into the United States Navy, graduating from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1958. He became an aviator, flying ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers. During the Vietnam War, he was almost killed in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire, in October 1967, while on a bombing mission over Hanoi, he was shot down, seriously injured, and captured by the North Vietnamese. He was a prisoner of war until 1973, McCain experienced episodes of torture, and refused an out-of-sequence early repatriation offer. His war wounds have left him with physical limitations. He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1981 and moved to Arizona, elected to the U. S. House of Representatives in 1982, McCain served two terms. He was first elected to the U. S. Senate in 1986, winning re-election easily five times, while generally adhering to conservative principles, McCain at times has had a media reputation as a maverick for his willingness to disagree with his party on certain issues. He is also known for his work in the 1990s to restore relations with Vietnam. McCain ran for the Republican nomination in 2000 but lost a primary season contest to George W. Bush of Texas. He subsequently adopted more orthodox conservative stances and attitudes and largely opposed actions of the Obama administration, by 2013, however, he had become a key figure in the Senate for negotiating deals on certain issues in an otherwise partisan environment. In 2015, McCain became chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, John McCain was born on August 29,1936, at Coco Solo Naval Air Station in the Panama Canal Zone, to naval officer John S. McCain Jr. and Roberta McCain. He has a brother named Joe and an elder sister named Sandy. At that time, the Panama Canal was under U. S. control, McCains family tree includes Scots-Irish and English ancestors. Both his father and his grandfather, John S. McCain Sr. became four-star United States Navy admirals. The McCain family followed his father to various postings in the United States. Altogether, he attended about 20 schools, in 1951, the family settled in Northern Virginia, and McCain attended Episcopal High School, a private preparatory boarding school in Alexandria. He excelled at wrestling and graduated in 1954, following in the footsteps of his father and grandfather, McCain entered the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis

31.
Louisiana
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Louisiana is a state located in the southern region of the United States. Louisiana is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States and its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the state in the U. S. with political subdivisions termed parishes. The largest parish by population is East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana is bordered by Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, Texas to the west, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. Much of the lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh. These contain a rich southern biota, typical examples include birds such as ibis, there are also many species of tree frogs, and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. In more elevated areas, fire is a process in the landscape. These support a large number of plant species, including many species of orchids. Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other state, including four that are federally recognized, ten that are state recognized. Before the American purchase of the territory in 1803, the current Louisiana State had been both a French colony and for a period, a Spanish one. In addition, colonists imported numerous African people as slaves in the 18th century, many came from peoples of the same region of West Africa, thus concentrating their culture. Louisiana was named after Louis XIV, King of France from 1643 to 1715, when René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle claimed the territory drained by the Mississippi River for France, he named it La Louisiane. The suffix -ana is a Latin suffix that can refer to information relating to an individual, subject. Thus, roughly, Louis + ana carries the idea of related to Louis, the Gulf of Mexico did not exist 250 million years ago when there was but one supercontinent, Pangea. As Pangea split apart, the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico opened, Louisiana slowly developed, over millions of years, from water into land, and from north to south. The oldest rocks are exposed in the north, in such as the Kisatchie National Forest. The oldest rocks date back to the early Tertiary Era, some 60 million years ago, the history of the formation of these rocks can be found in D. Spearings Roadside Geology of Louisiana. The sediments were carried north to south by the Mississippi River

32.
Buddy Roemer
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Roemer was a candidate for the presidential nominations of the Republican Party and the Reform Party in 2012. Buddy Roemer endorsed Gary Johnson, a governor of New Mexico, in March 1991, while serving as governor, Roemer switched affiliation from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party. Roemer serves on the Advisory Council of Represent. Us, a nonpartisan anti-corruption organization, Buddy Roemer was born on October 4,1943, in Shreveport, the son of Charles Elson Budgie Roemer, II and the former Adeline McDade. Roemers maternal grandfather, Ross McDade, married a sister of the grandmother of James C. Gardner, a mayor of Shreveport. Gardner knew Roemers grandfather as Uncle Ross, mcDades wife died, and he remarried, from which union came Adeline Roemer. Roemer and Gardner were not close politically, Roemer was reared on the familys Scopena plantation near Bossier City. He attended public schools and graduated in 1960 as valedictorian of Bossier High School, in 1964, he graduated from Harvard College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics. In 1967, he received an MBA in finance from Harvard Business School, after college, Roemer returned to Louisiana to work in his father’s computer business and later founded two banks. He was elected in 1972 as a delegate to the Louisiana Constitutional Convention held in 1973, Roemers father had been in 1971 the campaign manager for Edwin Washington Edwards and became commissioner of administration during Edwards first term as governor. Buddy Roemer worked on the Edwards campaign as a leader and later started a political consulting firm. As a member of Congress, Roemer represented Louisianas 4th congressional district in the section of the state. In 1978, Roemer lost in the blanket primary for the 4th district congressional seat. Waggonner announced his opposition to Roemer after Roemer criticized the costs of the Red River navigation program. Leach went on to defeat Wilson by 266 votes in a vote count. In 1980, Roemer and Wilson again challenged Leach in the primary and that time, Wilson finished in third place, Roemer ranked second, again with 27 percent, and Leach led the field with 29 percent. In the general election, with the support of Wilson, Roemer handily defeated Leach,64 to 36 percent, after his 1980 election victory, Roemer won congressional re-election without opposition in 1982,1984, and 1986. In Congress, Roemer frequently supported Ronald Reagans policy initiatives and fought with the Democratic congressional leadership and he also criticized then Democratic House leader Tip ONeill of Massachusetts for being too liberal, and was in turn characterized by Speaker ONeill as being often wrong but never in doubt

33.
Irving Berlin
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Irving Berlin was an American composer and lyricist, widely considered one of the greatest songwriters in American history. His music forms a part of the Great American Songbook. Born in Imperial Russia, Berlin arrived in the United States at the age of five. He published his first song, Marie from Sunny Italy, in 1907, receiving 33 cents for the publishing rights and he also was an owner of the Music Box Theatre on Broadway. Alexanders Ragtime Band sparked a dance craze in places as far away as Berlins native Russia. In doing so, said Walter Cronkite, at Berlins 100th birthday tribute, he helped write the story of country, capturing the best of who we are. He wrote hundreds of songs, many becoming major hits, which him a legend before he turned thirty. During his 60-year career he wrote an estimated 1,500 songs, including the scores for 19 Broadway shows and 18 Hollywood films, with his songs nominated eight times for Academy Awards. Many songs became popular themes and anthems, including Easter Parade, White Christmas, Happy Holiday, This Is the Army, Mr. Jones, and Theres No Business Like Show Business. His Broadway musical and 1942 film, This is the Army, Celine Dion recorded it as a tribute, making it no.1 on the charts after the September 11 attacks in 2001. In 2015, pianist and composer Hershey Felder began touring nationwide as a show, portraying Berlin. Composer George Gershwin called him the greatest songwriter that has ever lived, Berlin was born on May 11,1888, in Tolochin, Russian Empire. He was one of eight children of Moses and Lena Lipkin Beilin and his father, a cantor in a synagogue, uprooted the family to America, as did many other Jewish families in the late 19th century. In 1893 they settled in New York City, as of the 1900 census, the name Beilin had changed to Baline. By daylight the house was in ashes, as an adult, Berlin said he was unaware of being raised in abject poverty since he knew no other life. Tsar Alexander III of Russia and then Tsar Nicholas II, his son, had revived with utmost brutality the anti-Jewish pogroms, which created the spontaneous mass exodus to America. When they reached Ellis Island, Israel was put in a pen with his brother and his Yiddish-speaking family eventually settled on Cherry Street, a windowless cold-water basement flat in the Theater District of the Lower East Side. His father, unable to find work as a cantor in New York, took a job at a kosher meat market and gave Hebrew lessons on the side

34.
Phoenix Historic Property Register
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The Phoenix Historic Property Register is the official listing of the historic and prehistoric properties in the city of Phoenix, the capital and largest city, of the U. S. state of Arizona. The historic properties are divided into three categories and listed with a Historic Preservation zoning overlay, the categories are, Historic Residential Districts, Historic Non-Residential Districts and Individual Properties. The factors which are taken into consideration and which are included in the eligibility criteria for inclusion are,1. The historical significance of the property,2, the age of the property and 3. According to the Phoenix Historic Property Register, once listed, the properties are protected from demolition, however, according to Robert A. Melikian, author of the book Vanishing Phoenix, Phoenix’s preservation office does not have the ability to deny a demolition permit. Therefore, the owner of a property, listed either in the National Register of Historic Places or the Phoenix Historic Property Register, among the properties that have been demolished are the following, Arizona Citrus Growers Association Warehouse-601 E. Jackson St. Craftsman Bungalow-1241 E. Roosevelt St. These structures are prone to vandalism and the elements, the Charles Pugh House, built in 1897 and located at 356 N. The Louis Emerson House, built in 1902 and located at 623 N, the Concrete Block Bungalow, built in 1908 and located at 606 N. 9th St. The Leighton G. Knipe House, built in 1909 and located at 1025 N. 2nd Ave, the Sach’s-Webster Farmstead House, built in 1909 and located in the Northwest corner of 75th Ave. and Baseline. The Sarah Pemberton House, built in 1920 and located at 1121 N. 2nd St. Historic Residential Districts in the Phoenix Historic Property Register Alvarado - Listed September 1992, campus Vista - Listed April 2003. Cheery Lynn - Listed February 1994, country Club Park- Listed January 1993. Del Norte Place - Listed July 1993, earll Place - Listed April 2003. East Alvarado - Listed May 1992. Q, idylwilde Park - Listed June 1991. La Hacienda - Listed April 2003, los Olivos - Listed December 2003. Margarita Place - Listed October 1999, medlock Place - Listed April 2003. North Encanto - Listed December 2002, north Garfield - Listed December 2002, district consolidation, expansion and name change February 2005. Oakland - Listed September 1988, boundary expansion June 2006, pierson Place - Listed November 2005. Roosevelt- Listed September 1986, boundary adjustments October 1991, December 1997, Roosevelt Park - Listed March 2003. Villa Verde - Listed January 1999, windsor Square - Listed July 1996

35.
Heritage Documentation Programs
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These programs were established to document historic places in the United States. Records consist of measured drawings, archival photographs, and written reports, in 1933, NPS established the Historic American Buildings Survey following a proposal by Charles E. Peterson, a young landscape architect in the agency. It was founded as a constructive program for architects, draftsmen. Guided by field instructions from Washington, D. C. the first HABS recorders were tasked with documenting a representative sampling of Americas architectural heritage, by creating an archive of historic architecture, HABS provided a database of primary source material and documentation for the then-fledgling historic preservation movement. Earlier private projects included the White Pine Series of Architectural Monographs, notable HABS photographers include Jack Boucher, who worked for the project for over 40 years. The Historic American Engineering Record program was founded on January 10,1969, by NPS, HAER documents historic mechanical and engineering artifacts. Since the advent of HAER, the program is typically called HABS/HAER. Today much of the work of HABS/HAER is done by student teams during the summer, eric DeLony headed HAER from 1971 to 2003. In October 2000, NPS and the American Society of Landscape Architects established a sister program, a predecessor, the Historic American Landscape and Garden Project, recorded historic Massachusetts gardens between 1935 and 1940. That project was funded by the Works Progress Administration, but was administered by HABS, the permanent collection of HABS/HAER/HALS are housed at the Library of Congress, which was established in 1790 as the replacement reference library of the United States Congress. It has since expanded to serve as the National Library of the United States, U. S. publishers are required to deposit a copy of every copyrighted and published work, book monograph. As a branch of the United States Government, its works are in the public domain in the US. Many images, drawings, and documents are available through the Prints and Photographs Online Catalog, including proposed, demolished, and existing structures, locales, projects, and designs. Jack Boucher, former HABS/HAER photographer Jet Lowe, former HAER photographer National Register of Historic Places HAER,30 Years of Recording Our Technological Heritage, IA, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology. Documenting Complexity, The Historic American Engineering Record and Americas Technological History, IA, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology. National Park Service−NPS, official Heritage Documentation Programs website

36.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation

37.
Ak-Chin Pavilion
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Ak-Chin Pavilion is an amphitheater located in Phoenix, Arizona, which seats 8,000 under a pavilion roof and an additional 12,000 on a hillside behind the main stands. It was originally known as Desert Sky Pavilion and opened on November 11,1990, the current naming rights sponsor is the Ak-Chin Indian Community. With a total capacity of 20,000, its capacity is higher than Talking Stick Resort Arena, the amphitheaters season starts in April and closes in October. The lawn at the amphitheater contains several video screens and it has hosted the Phoenix date of the annual Mayhem Festival since the tours inception in July 2008. Fall Out Boy recorded their album, Live in Phoenix. Green Day recorded their song, Cigarettes and Valentines, for their album, Awesome as Fuck. Fall Out Boy & Paramore brought their co-headlining tour, MONUMENTOUR to The Pavilion on August 8,2014 with New Politics as the opening act, lana Del Rey, accompanied by Courtney Love, brought her Endless Summer Tour to The Pavilion on May 14,2015. List of historic properties in Phoenix, Arizona List of contemporary amphitheatres Ak-Chin Indian Community Venue Web Site

38.
Arizona Center
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Arizona Center is a shopping center and office complex located in downtown Phoenix, Arizona. The expectations were high since it was developed by the firm that created the highly successful Faneuil Hall Marketplace and Harborplace. Critics have also pointed out the scarcity of permanent upscale apartment and/or condominium housing in the immediate vicinity as a factor in the lackluster performance of the mall. Most of the districts surrounding the downtown area are middle-to-lower income. The Rouse Company was acquired by General Growth Properties in 2004, after going through bankruptcy, GGP sold Arizona Center to CommonWealth REIT in 2011. Arizona Center features two buildings, retail and a 24-screen AMC theatre. One Arizona Center is 240 feet tall and has 19 floors and this tower houses various legal firms with Snell and Wilmer being the largest. Other tenants include the Greater Phoenix Convention and Visitors Bureau and the corporate offices of the Harlem Globetrotters. Two Arizona Center stands at 260 feet tall and has 20 floors and it was completed in 1990 and is the headquarters of local electric utility Arizona Public Service or APS. Retail offers a variety of restaurants, boutiques and tourist shops, outwest Gifts, Cardware and many others. Out-of-town conventioneers, tourists and sports fans who come downtown to attend games of the Phoenix Suns, Arizona Centers fortunes are expected to revive as a 30-story Sheraton Phoenix Downtown hotel opened in the fall of 2008. Also, several condominium projects in the downtown area are under construction, newly opened

39.
Arizona State University West campus
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Arizona State University at the West Campus is one of four university campuses that compose Arizona State University. The West campus was established by the Arizona Legislature in 1984, ASUs campuses are unified as a single institution, and so the West campus shares students, faculty, administration, and accreditation with the other campuses. As of fall 2009,10,380 students were enrolled in at least one course on the West campus, while the FTE enrollment for the campus is 6,173. In 2008, the West campus was designated as a Phoenix Point of Pride, established as the second ASU campus in 1984, construction of the West Campus began in 1986, with the first permanent buildings completed by 1989. Originally known as ASU West, this campus operated quasi-independently of the Tempe campus and had its own administration, faculty, at the time, the west campus was designed to offer only upper-level undergraduate courses. In 2001, freshmen students were admitted, allowing them to complete their undergraduate education on the West campus. The academic offerings on the West campus were designed to highlight an interdisciplinary focus in the arts and sciences, education. With the arrival of current ASU president Michael Crow in 2002, today, the West campus shares faculty, students, accreditation, and administration with the other ASU campuses. The West campus is the smallest of ASUs campuses in terms of facility space, the campus primarily consists of five academic buildings arranged around a quad, with a secondary quad surrounded by the campuss dormitories, dining hall, and recreation center. In 2011, the Gary K. Herberger Young Scholars Academy, the school currently uses the Cambridge Learning Curriculum and a move on when ready program. The levels range from Secondary 1 to A-Level years, Secondary 1 houses students from 10-14 years old. Both IGSCE years house students from 12-15 years old, A-Level years usually host students 16-18 years old. The Herberger Young Scholars Academy shares facilities with the rest of ASU West, ASUs Graduate College, Honors College and University College also have an administrative presence on the campus. In 2015, the West campus began to integrate their academic offerings with those of the Thunderbird School of Global Management, las Casas, built in 2002, offers apartment-style units for upper-division and graduate students. Campus website Tour of the West campus Public Art on the west campus W. P. Carey School of Business New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College

40.
Burton Barr Central Library
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The Burton Barr Central Library is the central library of Phoenix, Arizona. It is the location and administrative headquarters for the Phoenix Public Library. It was named in honor of Burton Barr, the Republican Major Leader in the Arizona House of Representatives from 1966 to 1986, the library houses a collection of 1,000,000 volumes. The building was funded by a 1988 bond issue and replaced a nearby 1950s-era facility on McDowell Road that is now part of the Phoenix Art Museum, the design for the Burton Barr Central Library was a collaboration between DWL Architects and Will Bruder. The five-story building opened in May 1995 and is 280,000 square feet, vertical circulation through the building is facilitated by a central open core containing three high-speed elevators and a five-level grand staircase known as the crystal canyon. An open, 1-acre reading room comprises the fifth floor, a summer solstice celebration is held there annually, where the lighting effects are best observed. At solar noon, some of the roof skylights project circles of sunlight directly down the north-south midline axis of the library, sunlight simultaneously washes the upper eastern and western walls of the fifth level. The great reading room on the floor is 1 acre in area. It houses many study areas and the nonfiction collection, the Hive is located on the second floor of the library and is a discovery space for business entrepreneurs. It is open to the public and offers free services, the Arizona Room is located on the second floor and houses a research collection focused on Southwestern heritage, lifestyle, and geography from prehistoric times to the present. The College Depot is a free, full-service college planning center and it provides a team of advisors and offers workshops and one-on-one appointments regarding admissions, financial aid, and scholarships. Teen Central is a 5,000 square-foot area located on the fourth floor and it is reserved for teens between the ages of 12 and 18. The area offers workshops, computers and study areas, as well as a room with a drop-down screen where movies are shown. In addition to the collection of books, CDs, and DVDs, the Childrens Place is a 10,000 square-foot space located on the first floor. It contains a room, auditorium, and outdoor childrens garden. An addition and renovation by Will Bruder Architects, which nearly double the area of the space, is currently in the works. MACH1 is a located on the fourth floor. It offers free programs to the such as video game design, coding, video editing, science, astrobiology

41.
Camelback Mountain
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Camelback Mountain is a mountain in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. The English name is derived from its shape, which resembles the hump and it is a popular recreation destination for hiking and rock climbing. A cave discovered on the side of Camelback mountain indicates that it was used as a sacred site by the prehistoric Hohokam Culture before they abandoned the area in the 14th century. In January 1879, United States President Rutherford B. Hayes included Camelback Mountain as part of a one million acre reservation for the Salt River Pima, efforts to protect Camelback Mountain as a natural preserve began in the early 1910s. However, by the 1960s, nearly all of the area had sold to private interests. Federal and state authorities attempted to stop development above the one thousand and they failed to halt development and in 1963 efforts to arrange a land exchange failed in the Arizona State legislature. In 1965, United States Senator Barry Goldwater took up the cause, the area became a Phoenix city park in 1968. It starts again past the White Tanks, Camelback Mountain is designated as a Phoenix Point of Pride. The mountain is composed of an unconformity between two separate rock formations. The higher part of the peak is Precambrian granite, the head of the camel is predominantly red sedimentary sandstone from the Tertiary period. Two hiking trails ascend 1,280 feet to the peak of Camelback Mountain, the Echo Canyon Trail is 1.14 miles and the Cholla Trail is 1.4 mi. Both trails are considered strenuous with steep grades, the hiking path has dirt, gravel, boulders, and some handrail-assisted sections. The average hike requires a trip time of 1.5 to 3 hours. The Praying Monk is a red rock formation which is used for rock climbing. Located on the slope, the formation resembles the silhouette of a man kneeling in prayer. It rises approximately 100 feet and the face has several permanent anchor bolts for attaching a belay rope. List of historic properties in Phoenix, Arizona Camelback Mountain, Echo Canyon trail description, GPS track, photos, trip logs and more. Cholla trail description, GPS track, photos, trip logs, trailhead information, directions, photos, tips, history, wildlife and more

The Phillip Darrell Duppa adobe house was built in 1870 and is the oldest known house in Phoenix. The homestead is named after "Lord" Darrell Duppa, an Englishman who is credited with naming Phoenix and Tempe as well as founding the town of New River.

Senator John McCain interviewed at Fort Sam Houston, Texas prior to the ribbon cutting ceremony of The Center for the Intrepid, a $50 million physical rehabilitation facility designed for servicemembers wounded in Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom. January 29, 2007.