Illinois was admitted December 3, 1818.New member electedin 1818.Democratic-Republican gain.New member seated December 4, 1818 to finish the term ending March 3, 1819.[4]The next year, the new member lost re-election, see below.

Member-elect Alexander McMillan died before this Congress began.New member electedJanuary 1, 1818.Democratic-Republican gain.Successor seated January 26, 1818.[4]Successor later lost re-election, see below.

Incumbent resigned November 3, 1817 to become U.S. Secretary of War.New member electedin January 1818.Democratic-Republican hold.Successor seated February 9, 1818.[4]Successor later re-elected, see below.

Incumbent resigned November 23, 1818 when elected U.S. Senator.New member electedJanuary 4, 1819 both to finish the term and to the next term.Democratic-Republican hold.Successor seated February 18, 1819.[4]

Incumbent died December 31, 1818.New member electedbetween January 1, 1819 and February 11, 1819.Democratic-Republican gain.Successor seated February 11, 1819.[4]Successor was later re-elected to the next term, see below.

Connecticut elected its members September 21, 1818. The delegation changed from seven Federalists to seven Democratic-Republicans then the retirement of six incumbents and the party-change of the seventh.

Louisiana held an election for the 16th Congress at the same time that it held a special election to finish the 15th Congress. Data were only available for the special election, but the general election would presumably have had very similar results, and so the results for the special election are duplicated here.

Massachusetts elected its members November 2, 1818. Massachusetts's electoral law required a majority for election, necessitating additional elections in five districts on April 5, 1819 and July 26, 1819.

This was the last election in which the District of Maine — comprising congressional districts 14 through 20 — was part of Massachusetts. The District became the State of Maine during the 16th Congress.

New York elected its members April 28–30, 1818, the earliest of any state.

At this time, the Democratic-Republicans in New York were divided into two factions, the "Bucktails" who were opposed to Governor Dewitt Clinton's Erie Canal project, led by Martin Van Buren, and on the other side, Clinton's supporters, known as Clintonians. In many districts, the remaining Federalists allied with the Clintonians, with candidates running on a joint ticket. Several candidates who ran under that joint ticket cannot be clearly categorized, and are marked C/F. Others who ran under the joint ticket are marked by their party with a footnote indicating that they ran under the joint ticket.

^ abIn New York's 1st district, an election dispute arose. Initial returns showed the winners to be Silas Wood and Ebenezer Sage. This election was contested, however, on the grounds that there were 396 votes for "James Guyon" which, when added to the total number of votes reported for James Guyon Jr., would place Guyon in second place, above Sage. Sage never appeared to take his seat, and Guyon was awarded the seat January 14, 1820.[17]

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