地震・津波避難に対する児童の意識の分析と学習内容の検討 : 質問紙調査への小学6年生の回答をもとに地震・津波避難に対する児童の意識の分析と学習内容の検討 : 質問紙調査への小学6年生の回答をもとにAnalysis of Children's Awareness on Evacuation from Earthquake and Tsunami, Examination of the Contents of Learning : Based on Answers to a Questionnaire by Sixth-Grade Elementary School Students.

本研究の目的は，地震・津波避難に対する子どもの意識を明らかにするとともに，子どもの意識に応じた小学校理科における防災教育の学習内容を検討することである。研究方法は，小学6年生へ行った質問紙調査に対する自由記述の回答内容の分析と考察であった。その結果，地震前に最も優先してすべき行動は石油・電気の事故防止であるという意識をもっている子どもが多いことや，転倒・落下物については，揺れがおさまった後や余震が起きたときの危険性も意識できている子どもがいること等が明らかになった。また，学習内容としては，「地震が来るまでにまず何をすればよいか」や「ライフラインが止まった学校で、生活するには何が必要か」を話し合わせたり，様々な建物内にいる場合を想定して「揺れ始める前に外へ出るか，建物内にとどまるか」について議論させたりすることなどが考えられる。The aim of this study is to reveal children's awareness on evacuation from earthquake and tsunami, and to examine what to learn in the education aiming at preventions for disaster at elementary school science classes based on children's awareness. The study was conducted through investigation and analysis of the contents of free comments on a questionnaire targeting at sixth-grade elementary school students. As a result, two main factors were revealed. The first factor was that many children were aware that the preventions of accidents regarding to oil and electricity was at the utmost priority before earthquake took place. The second factor was that some children were aware of the danger of falling down and falling objects after the primary quake have ceased and at the aftershock. The following are the samples of the contents of learning; to discuss 'what they have to do until when an earthquake takes place' or 'what they need in order to live in the school where all the lifeline is stopped', and to argue about 'whether they should go outside before the quake begins or stay inside the building'.