One European diplomat echoed the mood around foreign embassies in Washington, saying "there is plainly a difference of opinion", acknowledging Trump seems poised to walk away.

Concretely, the US president will now to decide whether to continue to waive sanctions on Iran's central bank and its oil sector dealings, a key pillar of the agreement.

"It's pretty obvious to me that unless something changes in the next few days, I believe the president will not waive the sanctions," the European official said.

"I would like to pretend to you today that I feel that there is a chance of the existing (deal) remaining intact," the official said. "I think that that chance may exist but it is very small."

A French official said French President Emmanuel Macron left the United States last week after a similar diplomatic offensive "convinced that we would get a negative decision".

"We are preparing more for the scenario of a partial or total withdrawal than for the US staying in the deal," the official added.

A closely watched decision

Trump's decision to scrap sanctions relief would have global ramifications, straining Iran's already crisis-racked economy, heightening tensions in the Middle East and laying bare the biggest transatlantic rift since the Iraq War.

The Iranian rial had lost around a third of its value in six months, before authorities in April took the drastic step of pegging the exchange rate to the dollar.

Trump could also decide to stop waivers for a thicket of other sanctions against Iran, effectively ending US participation in the deal and putting European companies at risk of sanction.

His decision will be closely watched across the Middle East, where a number of powers are mulling their own nuclear programmes, and in Pyongyang ahead of non-proliferation talks between Trump and Kim Jong-un.

Tehran has sent mixed signals about its potential response, hinting it could leave a fatally undermined deal and return to military scale uranium enrichment.

Iran's President Hassan Rouhani – who very publicly advocated engaging with America and would be politically exposed should the deal fail – said his country would stay in the agreement even if the United States pulls out.

It is unclear whether Iran's more hardline military leaders, or Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, hold the same view.

And with tensions building between Iran and Israel, Tehran's response could well come away from diplomatic antechambers or the meeting rooms of multilateral fora.

Mixed signals

The United States does not allege that Iran is breaking the terms of the agreement, but says the accord itself does not permanently end Tehran's controversial nuclear programmes, stop missile tests or end bellicose Iranian activity in the region.

Since his days as a presidential candidate, Trump has vowed to scrap the deal, but has until now stopped short, amid fierce debate inside his administration.

He has complained, in particular, that Iran gets sanctions relief up front but could return to controversial activities once restrictions "sunset" in 2025.

His administration has also been angered by Iran's support for Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, the Lebanese armed group Hezbollah in Syria's civil war and Shiite Huthi rebels in Yemen.

With the arrival of John Bolton as National Security Advisor and Mike Pompeo as Secretary of State the Iran hawks now appear to be in the driver's seat.

Imposing oil sanctions could be the first step of a "a broad coercive campaign" to "break the regime's back", according to Cliff Kupchan of the Eurasia group.

But European powers are skeptical that Trump's administration has a backup plan to restrain Iranian ambitions once he has made good on his campaign promise to tear up the deal.

Britain's Johnson, who was in Washington to lobby Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Vice President Mike Pence, told Fox News: "Plan B does not seem to be, to me, particularly well-developed at this stage."

German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas warned the accord's collapse could spark "an escalation" in the region and stressed that Washington's European allies think the deal "makes the world a safer place".

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