This instructional booklet offers seven revised lectures given through major researchers on the 4th foreign institution on useful Programming, AFP 2002, in Oxford, united kingdom in August 2002.

The lectures awarded introduce instruments, language beneficial properties, domain-specific languages, challenge domain names, and programming equipment. All lectures comprise workouts and useful assignments. The software program accompanying the lectures might be accessed from the AFP 2002 website. This booklet is designed to allow participants, small teams of scholars, and teachers to check fresh paintings within the swiftly constructing quarter of practical programming.

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The only new function is sliceP , which extracts a subarray, speciﬁed by its start index and length, from an immutable array. In addition, the class PArray is split into two classes. , to parallel arrays that are not segmented. We will discuss the reason for this distinction in more detail below, in conjunction with the representation of nested arrays. T. Chakravarty and G. Keller In the following, we discuss the concrete implementation of the individual equations deﬁning [: · :] in Figure 7 by means of instance declarations of the class PArray.

Fst cx )) | cx ← row :] | row ← sm:] We begin the code transformation by lifting the inner array comprehension. :↑ (fst ↑ row )) = We successfully replaced the array comprehension by the use of vectorised functions, but unfortunately there is a serious problem with this code. The expression replicateP (lengthP row ) vec produces, for each element of the array row , a complete copy of vec—this is deﬁnitely not what we want! It is in situations like this that we need additional optimisation rules, as previously mentioned.

1 The remainder of these lecture notes will (1) look into the reasons for this huge performance diﬀerence, (2) propose a slightly diﬀerent approach to array programming that avoids some of the inherent ineﬃciencies of the standard Haskell approach, and (3) discuss an optimising implementation scheme for the new form of array programs. In particular, the presentation includes the detailed treatment of an array library that makes use of type analysis (aka generic programming) to achieve unboxing and ﬂattening of data structures.