Turkey

Monemvasia is one reason we chose this Aegean cruise itinerary from Istanbul to Athens. We’d already visited the better-known hot spots of Mykonos and Santorini and the ancient city of Ephesus in Turkey. This time, we wanted to explore off-the-beaten-path islands and archaeological sites.

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Government of Canada Travel Advisory

Last Updated: July 24, 2017 9:33 EST1. RECENT UPDATESThe Safety and security tab was updated - removed information about an explosion that took place in January in Izmir.2. ADVISORIESTurkey - Exercise a high degree of cautionThere is no nationwide advisory in effect for Turkey. However, you should exercise a high degree of caution due to crime, the threat of terrorist attacks and ongoing demonstrations throughout the country.Border region with Syria - Avoid all travelGlobal Affairs Canada advises against all travel to within 10 km of the border with Syria, due to a deteriorating security situation.See Safety and security for more information.Hakkari, Siirt, Sirnak, Mardin, Sanliurfa, Gaziantep, Kilis, Tunceli, Batman, Mus, Diyarbakir, Elazig, Bingol, Bitlis, Van, and Hatay provinces - Avoid non-essential travelGlobal Affairs Canada advises against non-essential travel to the south-eastern provinces of Hakkari, Siirt, Sirnak, Mardin, Sanliurfa, Gaziantep, Kilis, Tunceli, Batman, Mus, Diyarbakir, Elazig, Bingol, Bitlis, Van, and Hatay, due to an unpredictable security situation.See Safety and security for more information.3. SECURITYBorder with Syria (see Advisory)Since mid-2013, Daesh has made substantial military gains in Syria along the Turkish border. As a result, extremist groups, including Daesh, are now targeting border crossings and other locations in Syria close to the Turkish border. These attacks are indiscriminate, often result in deaths and injuries, and spill over into Turkey. The Turkish government has declared some areas in villages along the border with Syria special security zones as part of the military cross-border Operation Euphrates Shield, which began on August 24, 2016. Expect a heightened military presence and movement restrictions in these areas.Exercise extreme caution, review your security measures regularly and monitor these events very closely, as the security situation remains unpredictable.Southeast region (see Advisory)The three-year ceasefire between the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) and the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) ended in July 2015. The TAF has conducted a number of air strikes against PKK targets in the Turkish-Iraqi border area. The PKK have launched deadly terrorist attacks against Turkish security personnel in a number of cities and regions in the south and southeast of the country. The Turkish government has instituted additional security measures in some provinces, including 24-hour curfews in some towns in the southeastern districts. Remain vigilant, follow the instructions of local authorities and monitor local and international media.Protests and civil unrest in several southeastern cities have led to violent clashes between police and protesters, with gunfire and small-scale bomb explosions that have resulted in deaths. Other incidents have also caused injuries and property damage.There is a risk, particularly to foreigners, of kidnapping in the area (see Kidnapping, below). Maintain a high level of vigilance at all times.Avoid overland travel. If you must undertake road travel, drive during the day and stay on major roads. Do not use public transportation.Avoid crossing the border with Iraq. The Government of Turkey tightly controls border traffic between the two countries.State of emergencyOn July 15 and 16, 2016, an attempted coup took place in Turkey. The Turkish government regained control of the situation and restored calm throughout the country. On July 21, the Turkish government imposed a state of emergency. Conditions remain volatile and the situation can change rapidly, especially in large cities. Monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.Expect an increased presence of security forces in large cities, random identification checks, and ‎roadblocks. Cooperate fully during identity checks, and carry your passport and visa or residence permit‎ at all times. Failure to produce these documents or non-compliance with Turkish officials while they conduct identity checks could result in fines or detainment.Turkish citizens belonging to certain occupational groups may be required to produce a letter from their employer when leaving the country. This may affect dual Canadian-Turkish citizens trying to leave Turkey.TerrorismThere is a threat of terrorism from domestic and international terrorist groups throughout Turkey. Large- and small-scale bomb attacks have occurred, targeting Turkish military and government facilities, tourist attractions and popular public places, public transportation, and airports. Further attacks are expected ‎to occur, and terrorist groups have indicated that they will specifically target foreigners and tourists.Terrorists may also target crowded places, those with high pedestrian traffic and where foreigners may gather, commercial establishments, local government offices, public transit stations, busy streets, long queues at tourist attractions, and places of worship.On October 17, 2016, the Governor of Ankara announced a ban on all demonstrations and public gatherings and meetings in Ankara until November 30, due to an elevated terrorism threat. Sporting events and other special public events may still proceed with special permission from the office of the Governor.On September 26, 2016, the U.S. Consulate General in Adana, Adana province, sent a Security message to U.S. citizens, indicating that there are “specific and credible threats of potential terrorist activity targeting U.S.-branded hotels in Adana.” Maintain a high level of vigilance and personal security awareness, particularly when frequenting these establishments.Although most attacks have occurred in the south and east of the country, they are becoming increasingly common in major cities, particularly in Ankara and Istanbul.On December 10, 2016, two explosions took place near Besiktas Vodafone Stadium and Macka in Istanbul, causing at least 38 injuries.A shooting took place at the Reina nightclub in Istanbul on January 1, 2017, resulting in several deaths and injuries.Increased security measures are in place throughout the country. Turkish security officials may set up roadblocks or close streets when they receive reports on specific threats. Be aware of your surroundings at all times in public places, avoid large crowds and follow the instructions of local authorities at all times.KidnappingThere is a threat of kidnapping along the borders with Syria and Iraq, where Muslim extremist groups take advantage of porous borders and an unpredictable security situation to carry out operations. Groups such as Daesh and Jabat Al Nusra, who use kidnapping as a means of raising funds, may target the local population, foreigners and even foreign aid workers for kidnapping-for-ransom.DemonstrationsAvoid all demonstrations as even peaceful gatherings may lead to violent incidents and clashes with security forces, which have used water cannons and tear gas to disperse crowds. Large scale demonstrations are more likely to occur in public squares and busy pedestrian areas. There is a higher risk of clashes between protesters and police on days of national significance, particularly on May Day, held annually on May 1.Follow the instructions of local authorities and monitor local and international media when demonstrations occur.CrimePetty crime, including pickpocketing and purse snatching, occurs, particularly in Istanbul. Avoid showing signs of affluence and ensure that personal belongings and passports and other travel documents are secure at all times.Muggings, assaults and sexual assaults occur. Drugs may be administered through drinks, food, chewing gum or other means, and drugged victims are usually robbed. Do not accept food and drinks from strangers, even if the wrapping or container appears intact.Do not frequent down-market bars and neighbourhoods. One scam, particularly common in Istanbul, involves locals inviting tourists to bars for food and drinks and then forcing them to pay a steep bill.Do not accept letters, parcels or other items from strangers. Drug traffickers sometimes attempt to convince foreigners to deliver packages and messages into and out of Turkey.Women's safetyWomen may experience physical and verbal harassment. There is a greater risk of sexual assault during the summer holiday period in coastal resort areas. See Her Own Way: A Woman's Safe-Travel Guide for travel safety information for Canadian women.Road safetyTurkey has a modern road network that is constantly being improved; however, uneven surfaces and poorly marked lane changes near construction zones are common. Exercise caution, especially when driving in the rain. Severe weather conditions may seriously affect road conditions.Accidents are common. Reckless driving, perilous road conditions, inadequate lighting, poor signage and high traffic congestion pose hazards. Avoid driving after dark.If you are involved in an accident with a vehicle, do not move your vehicle, regardless of whether or not you are blocking traffic or anyone is injured. Wait until the police have made an official report.Pedestrians do not have the right of way.Consult the General Directorate of Highways for more information on road travel in Turkey.Rail travelTurkey is modernizing its main railroads and has introduced a high-speed corridor between Istanbul and Ankara.Air travelThe Government of Canada does not assess foreign domestic airlines' compliance with international aviation safety standards. See Foreign domestic airlines for more information.Mount AraratMount Ararat, in the eastern province of Igdir, is a special military zone, to which access is currently restricted. Permission will not be granted to enter the area or climb the mountain. There is a threat of kidnapping in this area.General safety informationThere are numerous stray dogs and cats in Istanbul, Ankara and other cities. Dogs often travel together in packs and attack pedestrians and joggers.4. ENTRY / EXIT REQUIREMENTSIt is the sole prerogative of every country or territory to determine who is allowed to enter or exit. Canadian consular officials cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet entry or exit requirements. The following information has been obtained from the Turkish authorities and is subject to change at any time. The country- or territory-specific entry/exit requirements are provided on this page for information purposes only. While every effort is made to provide accurate information, information contained here is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, express or implied. The Government of Canada assumes no responsibility, and shall not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided. It is your responsibility to check with the Embassy of the Republic of Turkey or one of its consulates for up-to-date information.PassportTo visit Turkey, Canadians must present a passport, which must be valid for at least six months following the issuance of the visa, and for 60 days beyond the date of entry into the country.Temporary passport holders may be subject to different entry requirements. Check with diplomatic representatives for up-to-date information.Official (special and diplomatic) passport holders must consult the Official Travel page, as they may be subject to different entry requirements.VisasWork visa: RequiredTourism visa: RequiredBusiness visa: RequiredStudent visa: RequiredCanadians travelling to Turkey for tourism or trade are encouraged to purchase an electronic visa prior to entering the country. Canadians can also obtain a visa on arrival. If you are planning on studying or working in Turkey, you must obtain a visa at a Turkish embassy or consulate.To renew a 90-day visa, you must leave the country for at least 90 days before being allowed to re-enter. If you wish to remain in Turkey for longer than 90 consecutive days, you must obtain a residence permit from the police in the province in which you reside.Do not overstay your visa, as you may be subject to substantial fines.Entry stampEnsure Turkish immigration officials stamp your passport on arrival. Failure to produce a stamped passport is punishable by a fine, detention and/or deportation and can lead to significant delays at departure.Dual citizenshipDual Turkish-Canadian citizens must present a valid Turkish passport or piece of identification to enter the country.Additional exit requirementsTurkish citizens belonging to certain occupational groups may be required to produce a letter from their employer when leaving the country. This may impact dual nationals.Regional travelIf you wish to travel to Syria, you must obtain your visa from the Syrian embassy in Ottawa prior to departure from Canada. The Syrian embassy in Ankara does not issue visas for non-residents in Turkey.Seek advice from local authorities if you intend to travel outside tourist areas, as Turkish authorities have restricted access to some areas and have declared some areas as military zones.Yellow feverSee Health to obtain information on this country's vaccination requirements.Children and travelChildren need special documentation to visit certain countries. See Children for more information.5. HEALTHMedical services and facilitiesModern medical care is available in major cities but not necessarily available in outlying areas. Immediate cash payment is often required.There are decompression chambers near popular diving sites.Universal Health CoverageForeigners with residency permits living in Turkey must register for Universal Health Coverage under Turkish Social Security (SGK). Although Canadian citizens are exempt, you may enrol if you have no other coverage and if you have been a resident in Turkey for at least one year. If you were a resident of Turkey when this requirement came into effect, and chose to register later, premiums are levied retroactive to January 1, 2012. For more information, consult local SGK offices.6. LAWS AND CULTUREYou are subject to local laws. See Arrest and detention for more information.DrivingAn International Driving Permit is recommended.There is a zero tolerance policy regarding drinking and driving. Consequences could include heavy fines payable on the spot.Illegal or restricted activitiesThe use of illegal drugs is prohibited. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are strict. Convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines. Do not agree to carry any baggage that is not yours.It is illegal to desecrate the Turkish flag, currency, or the name or image of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey.It is forbidden to photograph military or public installations. Avoid photographing public demonstrations or members of police or security forces. Cameras may be confiscated. Do not photograph people without their permission.Turkish antiquities and other cultural artifacts that are considered of historical value or of national importance cannot be exported. Seek advice from Turkish authorities prior to departure from Turkey. If the item can be exported, you will require a sales receipt and the official museum export certificate issued by the Turkish customs office.Although religious proselytizing is not illegal, some activities may be considered illegal and could lead to detention.Homosexual activity is not illegal, but intolerance remains in some parts of the country.Avoid physical contact, including holding hands, in public.Avoid discussions on historical issues and politics.Dual citizenshipDual citizenship is legally recognized in Turkey. However, Canadian officials may be limited in their ability to provide you with consular services if local authorities consider you a Turkish citizen. You should always travel using your valid Canadian passport and present yourself as Canadian to foreign authorities at all times to minimize this risk. You may also need to carry and present a Turkish passport for legal reasons, for example to enter and exit the country (see Entry/exit requirements to determine passport requirements). Citizenship is determined solely by national laws, and the decision to recognize dual citizenship rests completely with the country in which you are located when seeking consular assistance. See Travelling as a dual citizen for more information.The Turkish government may not allow Canadian consular officials to provide assistance to Canadian-Turkish dual nationals who are arrested or detained.Dual citizens may be subject to national obligations such as military service.Dress and behaviourIslamic practices and beliefs are closely adhered to in many parts of the country. Behave discreetly and respect religious and social traditions to avoid offending local sensitivities.During the lunar month of Ramadan (the ninth month of the Muslim calendar), use discretion when drinking, eating, and smoking in public between sunrise and sunset. In 2018, Ramadan is expected to begin on or around May 15.Dress conservatively, especially in areas outside major cities and coastal resorts. Women should cover their head with a scarf and all visitors should cover their arms and legs in all places of worship and many rural areas.MoneyThe currency is the Turkish lira (TRY). U.S. dollars, euros and major credit cards are widely accepted. Automated banking machines are widely available. You may have difficulty exchanging traveller's cheques, as banks will charge very high commissions.7. DISASTERS AND CLIMATETurkey is located in an active seismic zone. Landslides are possible in affected areas, and strong aftershocks may occur up to one week after the initial earthquake.Severe rainstorms can cause flooding and landslides, resulting in extensive damage to infrastructure and hampering the provision of essential services.Droughts, wildfires and snowstorms can also delay travel and disrupt essential services.

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