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Unformatted text preview: 26.1. Model: Use the charge model. Solve: (a) In the process of charging by rubbing, electrons are removed from one material and transferred to the other because they are relatively free to move. Protons, on the other hand, are tightly bound in nuclei. So, electrons have been removed from the glass rod to make it positively charged. (b) Because each electron has a charge of 19 1.60 10 C, the number of electrons removed is 9 10 19 8.0 10 C 5.0 10 1.60 10 C = 26.2. Model: Use the charge model. Solve: (a) In the process of charging by rubbing, electrons are removed from one material and transferred into the other because they are relatively free to move. Protons, on the other hand, are tightly bound in the nuclei. So, electrons have been added to the plastic rod to make it negatively charged. (b) Because each electron has a charge of 19 1.60 10 C, the number of electrons added is 9 10 19 12 10 C 7.5 10 1.60 10 C = 26.3. Model: Use the charge model and the model of a conductor as material through which electrons move. Solve: (a) The charge of a plastic rod decreases from 15 nC to 10 nC. That is, 5 nC charge has been removed from the plastic. Because it is the negatively charged electrons that are transferred, 5 nC has been added to the metal sphere. (b) Because each electron has a charge of 19 1.60 10 C and a charge of 5 nC was transferred, the number of electrons transferred from the plastic rod to the metal sphere is 9 10 19 5 10 C 3.1 10 1.60 10 C = 26.4. Model: Use the charge model and the model of a conductor as a material through which electrons move. Solve: (a) The charge of the glass rod decreases from + 12 nC to + 8.0 nC. Because it is the electrons that are transferred, 4.0 nC of electrons has been added to the glass rod. Thus, electrons are removed from the metal sphere and added to the glass rod. (b) Because each electron has a charge of 19 1.60 10 C and a charge of 4.0 nC was transferred, number of electrons transferred from the metal sphere to the glass rod is 9 10 19 4.0 10 C 2.5 10 1.60 10 C = 26.5. Model: Use the charge model. Solve: Each oxygen molecule has 16 protons (8 per atom), and there are 23 6.02 10 oxygen molecules in 1.0 mole of oxygen. Because one proton has a charge of 19 1.60 10 C, + the amount of positive charge in 1.0 mole of oxygen is 23 19 6 6.022 10 16 1.6 10 C 1.54 10 C = 26.6. Model: Use the charge model. Solve: Since the density of water is 1 g/cm 3 , the mass of 1 L of water is ( ) 3 3 1000 mL 1 cm 1 g 1.0 L 1.0 kg. L m L c m = Each water molecule (H 2 0) has 10 protons (8 in the oxygen atom and one per hydrogen atom), and thus 10 electrons. The number of moles is 3 1.0 10 g 100 mole....
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