He who voluntarily gives up food for a day or so, for purging the soul from
Karmas practises the external penance of fasting. (442)

Je payanubhattapana, suyaheu te tavassino samae.

Jo a tavo suyahino, bahirayo so chuhaharo. (443)

A monk who takes a little food for undertaking study of scriptures is said to
be a tapasvi (i.e., one practising the penance), according to scriptures. The
penance of fasting without scriptural study amounts only to starving. (443)
So nama anasanatavo, jena mano'mamgulam na cittei.

Jena na imdiyahani, jena ya joga na hayamti. (444)

Fasting is penance when the person observing it does not entertain any
inauspicious thoughts, when it does not result in bodily weakness, and when
the activities of mind, speech and body remain unimpaired. (444)

Balam thamam ca pehatye, saddhamaroggamappano.

Khettam kalam ca vinnaya, tahappanam nijumjae. (445)

A person should decide upon fasting after taking into consideration his
physical strength, stamina, faith, state of health, place and time. (445)

Uvasamano akkhanam, uvavaso vannido samasena.

Tamha bhumjamta vi ya, jidimdiya homti uvavasa. (446)

In short, subjugation of senses is also described as fasting; therefore those
who have conquered their senses are said to be fasting, though they maybe
taking food. (446)

Chatthatthamadasamaduvalasehim, abahusuyassa ja
sohi.

Tatto bahutaraguniya, havijja jimiyassa nanissa. (447)

The purity (of self) achieved by one who is well versed in scriptures, though
regularly takes food, would be many times more than the purity of a person who
is ignorant of scriptures, though he may fast for two, three, four or five
days. (447)

Jo jassa u aharo, tatto omam tu jo kare.

Jahannenegastthai, evam davvena u bhave. (448)

A person, who takes food less even by a morsel than his usual diet, is said to
practise penance called formal unodari (partial fasting). (448)

Goyarapamanadayaga-bhayanananavidhana jam gahanam.

Taha esanassa gahanam, vividhassa ya vuttiparisamkha. (449)

If one procures alms after having taken various sorts of decisions as to their
amount, their donor, their containing-vessel or as to their various types of
contents, one performs the penance called vittiparisankhyana i. e. limiting
the things begged for. (449)

Khiradahisappimai, paniyam panabhoyanam.

Parivajjanam rasanam tu, bhaniyam rasavivajjanam. (450)

A monk who avoids delicious food like milk, curds, butter and taking his food
on leaf, practises the penance of rasaparityaga (renunciation of delicious
dishes). (450)

Egamtamanavae, itthipasuvivajjie.

Sayanasanasevanaya, vivittasayanasanam. (451)

The penance of having his bed and seat in a solitary and unfrequented place,
shunned by women and animals, is called Viviktasayyasana (i.e. solitary
residence). (451)

The knowledge acquired at a time when one experiences convenience vanishes
away when one begins to experience inconvenience. Hence (at the time of
acquiring knowledge) a yogin ought to put himself to inconvenience keeping in
mind his capacity for tolerance. (453)

Na dukkham na sukham va vi, jahahetu tigicchiti.

Tigicchie sujuttassa, dukkham va jai va suham.

Mohakkhae u juttassa, dukkham va jai va suham.

Mohakkhae jahaheu, na dukkham na vi va suham. (454 & 455)

Neither an experience of pain nor an experience of pleasure is an appropriate
cause for curing an ailment but one who conducts one's life well, gets cured
either by way of pain or by way of pleasure. Likewise, one engaged in putting
an end to one's delusion might experience either pain or pleasure but neither
pain nor pleasure is what puts an end to one's delusion. (454 & 455)

The effects of observance of a vow, carefulness, continence, self-control and
subjugation of the senses, these bring about atonement; they are to be
practised incessantly. (457)
Kohadi-sagabbhava-kkhayapahudi-bhavanae niggahanam.

Payacchittam bhanidam, niyagunacimta ya nicchayado. (458)

Thinking of controlling anger and other thoughts, passification of intense
thoughts, contemplation of one's own virtues, these constitute atonement from
the real view-point. (458)

Namtanamtabhavena, samajjia-suhaasuhakammasamdoho.

Tavacaranena vinassadi, payacchittam tavam tamha. (459)

The multitude of auspicious and in-auspicious Karmas accumulated during
endless transmigration can be destroyed by practice of penances; so, the
atonement (expiation) is called the penance. (459)

An evil act done unintentionally or intentionally all this has to be confessed
with an unperturbed mind. (461)
Jaha balo jampanto, kajjamakajjam ca ujjuyam bhanai.

Tam taha aloijja, mayamayavippamukko vi. (462)

Just as a child speaks of its good and bad acts in a straight-forward manner,
similarly one ought to confess one's guilt with a mind free from deceit and
pride. (462)

Jaha kamtaena viddho, savvamge veyanaddio hoi.

Taha ceva uddhiyammi u, nissallo nivvuo hoi.

Evamanuddhiyadoso, maillo tenam dukkhio hoi.

So ceva cattadoso, suvisuddho nivvuo hoi. (463 & 464)

He who is pricked by a thorn feels the pain all over his body (but) becomes
free from such pain when the thorn is removed. Similarly, he who hides his
faults fraudulently, becomes miserable; he who confesses his faults honestly
becomes pure and free from mental affliction. (463 & 464)

Jo passadi appanam, samabhave samthavittu
parinamam.

Aloyanamidi janaha, paramajinamdassa uvaesam. (465)

He who realises his own soul after attaining mental equanimity achieves
confession, know this to be the advice of the supreme Jina. (465)

Abbhutthanam amjalikaranam, tahevasanadayanam.

Gujnbhattibhavasussusa, vinao esa viyahio. (466)

To get up at the arrival of an elder to welcome him with folded hands, to
offer him (an honoured) seat, to serve him with feeling of devotedness, these
constitute humility. (466)

Damsananane vinao, carittatava-ovacario vinao.

Pamcaviho khalu vinao, pamcamagainaigo bhanio. (467)

Humility is of five kinds; humility in faith, in knowledge, in conduct, in
penance and in decorum or etiquette, these lead to liberation, i.e. the fifth
state. (467)
Ekammi hiliyammi, hiliya humti te savve.

Ekammi puiyammi, puiya humti savve. (468)

If one (elder) is insulted, it amounts to an insult to all; if one is
venerated, all of them are venerated. (468)

Vinao sasane mulam, vinio samjao bhave.

Vinayao vippamukkassa, kao dhammo kao tavo? (469)

Humility is the basic (virtue) according to Jaina scripture; a person of
humility acquires self-restratint. Where is religion and where is penance to
one who has lost humility? (469)
Vinao mokkhaddaram, vinayado samjamo tavo nanam.

Vinaenarahijjadi, airio savvasamgho ya. (470)

Humility is the gateway to liberation; through humility one acquires
self-restraint, penance and knowledge. By humility one honours the Acarya and
the Sangh (i.e. the entire community of religious people). (470)

Vinayahiya vijja, demti phalam iha pare ya logammi.

Na phalamti vinayahina sassani va toyahinaim. (471)

Learning acquied with humility proves fruitful in this world and in the other
world; just as a plant cannot grow without water, learning will not be
fruitful without humility. (471)
Tamha savvapayatte, viniyattam ma kadai chamdejja.

Appasudo vi ya puriso, khavedi kammani vinaena. (472)

Therefore, one should not abandon humility at any cost. Even a person with
less scriptural knowledge can annihilate his Karmas, if he has humility. (472)

Sejjogasanisejjo, tahovahipadilehanahi uvaggahide.

Aharosahavayana-vikimcanam vamdanadihim. (473)

The service to a monk (vaiyavrttya) consists in providing him bed, residence,
seat, proper cleaning of his implements etc. and then arranging for his food,
medicine, a reading of scriptural text, a proper disposal of refuse with
propers respect. (473)

Addhanatenasavada-rayanadirodhanasive ome.

Vejjavaccam uttam samgahasarakkhanovedam. (474)

Offering protection to and taking care of a monk who becomes fatigued on his
way, is threatened by a thief, a wild animal, a king or obstructed by river or
gets afflicted by a contagious disease or famine, is service to a monk (vaiyavrttya).
(474)

He who studies scriptures with devotion without any desire for personal praise
and honour or purging of his Karmic pollution, will have the benefit of
scriptural knowledge conducive to his happiness. (476)

Sajjhayam janamto, pamcimdiyasamvudo tigutto ya.

Hoi ya ekaggamano, vinaena samahio sahu. (477)

A monk who has studied the scriptures keeps his five sense organs under
control, practises the three guptis i.e. the control over one's speech and
body, concentrates his mind and observes humility. (477)
Nanena jjhanasijjhi, jhanado savvakammanijjaranam.

Nijjaranaphalam mokkham, nanabbhasam tado kujja. (478)

Perfect meditation is attained through knowledge and destruction of Karmas by
meditation; liberation is the fruit of destruction of Karmas; hence; one
should be engaged constantly in acquisition of knowledge. (478)

Barasavihammi vi tave, abbhimtarabahire
kusaladitthe.

Na vi atthi na vi ya hohi, sajjhayasamam tavokammam. (479)

Among the twelve penances, internal and external which are experienced by one
wise person, there si no penance, that equals or will be equal to the study of
scriptures. (479)

Sayanasanathane va, je u bhikkhu na vavare.

Kayassa viussaggo, chattho so parikittio. (480)

A monk who makes no movements of his body while sleeping, sitting or standing
and checkes all activities of his body is said to observe the sixth penance of
bodily steadines. (480)

Dehamaijaddasuddhi, suhadukkhatitikkhaya anuppeha.

Jhayai ya suham jhanam, egaggo kausaggommi. (481)

The benefits of practising meditation with bodily steadiness are: removal of
bodily and mental lethargy, development of capacity to bear pain as well as
pleasure, aacquisition of deep reflection, and enhanced power of concentration
in pure meditation. (481)

Tesim tu tavo na suddho, nikkhamta je mahakula.

Jam nevanne viyanamti, na silogam pavejjai. (482)

The penance of those who are born in noble families and have renounced their
homes will not be pure, if they practise it for praise and honour; those who
desire to attain purity must practise penance unnoticed and without any desire
for praise. (482)

Nanamayavayasahio, silujjalio tavo mao aggi.

Samsarakaranabiyam, dahai davaggi va tanarasim. (483)

The fire of penance which is set ablaze by righteous character when combined
with the wind of Right knowledge, will burn the seed of karma which is the
cause of mundane existence, like a forest-fire which burns heap of grass.
(483)