The concept of radar was introduced in 1902, but radar systems were implemented in late 1930s. The concept includes the radio waves which were used to detect objects. Many countries aided the inventors in their research and were successful in the development of a rudimentary warning system which could detect moving objects. During World War II, this system was used to guard the coastline of England against hostile German aircraft. Using high frequency radio waves, the system could detect enemy German planes during World War II and calculate the distance between the system and the planes. This application of the system lead to its being named radar, which stands for `radio detection and ranging’.

It might be confusing to understand the principle of the radar, but it can be explained with the help of a very simple experiment. We need two additional instruments: a “super hearing” device and an accurate stopwatch. Now imagine a place where we are facing the side of a mountain at some distance. In this experiment, a person can become a basic radar unit. We just have to scream as loudly as we can and at the same time we should start the timing mechanism of a stopwatch. We stop the watch when the first echo of our voice comes back to us. Now we have the time in which the voice rolls back to us, and we know the speed of sound, so we can easily calculate the distance between us and the mountain.

The above demonstrated principle is applied to the radar, in the way it works. A burst of powerful radio beams at a high frequency is sent out by the radar set. When this radio energy bounces off a solid object, a small portion of the energy will be reflected back to the transmitter end of the radar set. To detect this small part of the reflected energy, a sensitive electronic receiver is used, which amplifies that weak signal for further processing, just like the super hearing device used in the above example. The receiver and the transmitter are mounted close to each other in a basic radar unit.

RadarThus, the same formula is used by the radar operator to calculate the distance between him and the object by calculating the time taken by a signal to bounce back and also the speed of the radio waves. Multiple feedbacks are allowed by the moving transmitter/receiver which helps it to access different points. These points are combined to detect the motion of an object and its size.

Since World War II, the underlying principle is the same for all the radar systems but a number of improvements have been made in the radar technology. Data collected from the receiver and transmitter of the radar set is used to calculate the object’s direction and speed. A duplex (a two-way communication device) is used along with a radar antenna, so that while spinning, the antenna can send out thousands of signals as well as receive them simultaneously.

Unlike shortwave radio frequencies which were used by the British inventors, modern radar systems use radio frequencies which are largely in the microwave range. This is due to the fact that microwave frequencies are very difficult to jam, while the other frequencies can be confused with the matching frequencies of radar jammers.

Sunburns are the result of excessive exposure of the body to the ultra-violet rays from the Sun. This leaves your skin dry and causes constant pain. But here are a couple of ways to soothe your pain:

(1) First thing that you have to keep in mind is: the word ‘sunburn’ signifies that your skin is burnt and it is not going to heal in a day or two. There will be some time before everything returns to normal. With time, your body will shed off the burnt skin.

(2) To make a quick recovery, avoid going out in the sun. There could be areas around the sun burnt skin, which may need only a little exposure to sun and they will become sun burnt too. It could worsen the problem so the first step is to avoid the sun.

(3) Bathing with cool water will soothe the pain. This works as long as you are taking a shower but the moment you are out and your skin is dry again, the effect vanishes. Avoid using soap while taking a bath. Soaps suck natural oils from your body and in this case, your body badly needs them.

(4) After having a bath, you can apply skin moisteners to the burnt parts of your body. There are some products, called after-sun lotions, which can be used. It is an important step and it has to be performed immediately after taking a bath.

(5) Drink a lot of water and have a healthy diet. If your body is properly hydrated it will do its job nicely and this helps it to heal quickly. Seven to eight glasses a day are sufficient and avoid junk food as much as you can.

(6) Avoid wearing skintight clothes as the friction caused by them will only add to your problems. Loose-fitting clothes don’t aggravate your problems. Cotton shirts with cloth pants are recommended.

(7) Keep the burnt areas covered, when out-doors.

Sun burnsIt has already mentioned in the first point that during the process of healing, the body will shed-off the burnt skin. Now, that shouldn’t mean that to quicken the healing process you are going to do it yourself – it would only aggravate the problems and not to mention, the pain. If you don’t want to have a burnt skin, a specialist has to be consulted.

As it is said, a precaution is the best medicine, so here are some simple steps to avoid any kind of sun-burn in the first place:

(1) Keep in mind that sunburn may also cause premature aging of the skin and in extreme case they it may lead to skin cancer. The first step towards avoiding this is to use sun-screen-lotions when going out in the sun. There are a variety of sun-screen-lotions available in the market. You can opt for one with the highest SFP factors. SFP stands for Sun Protection Factors.

(2) A hat on your head offers better protection than sun-glasses so wear a hat when going out-doors.

(3) Tanning saloons are useless. Spending long times in tanning saloons can still cause sunburns especially among people with relatively white skin.

AFTER YEARS OF TELLING PEOPLE CHEMOTHERAPY IS THE ONLY WAY TO TRY ANDELIMINATE CANCER, JOHNS HOPKINS IS FINALLY STARTING TO TELL YOU THERE IS AN ALTERNATIVE WAY .

Cancer Update from Johns Hopkins :

1. Every person has cancer cells in the body. These cancer cells do not show up in the standard tests until they have multiplied to a few
billion. When doctors tell cancer patients that there are no more cancer cells in their bodies after treatment, it just means the tests are
unable to detect the cancer cells because they have not reached the detectable size.

2. Cancer cells occur between 6 to more than 10 times in a person’s lifetime.

3. When the person’s immune system is strong the cancer cells will be destroyed and prevented from multiplying and forming tumours.

4. When a person has cancer it indicates the person has multiplenutritional deficiencies. These could be due to genetic, environmental,food and lifestyle factors.

5. To overcome the multiplenutritional deficiencies, changing diet and including supplements will strengthen the immune system.

8. Initial treatment with chemotherapy and radiation will often reduce tumor size. However prolonged use of chemotherapy and radiation do not result in more tumor destruction.

9. When the body has too much toxic burden from chemotherapy and radiation the immune system is either compromised or destroyed, hence
the person can succumb to various kinds of infections and complications.

10. Chemotherapy and radiation can cause cancer cells to mutate and become resistant and difficult to destroy. Surgery can also causecancer cells to spread to other sites.

11. An effective way to battle cancer is to starve the cancer cells by not feeding it with the foods it needs to multiply.

WHAT CANCER CELLS FEED ON:

a. Sugar is a cancer-feeder. By cutting off sugar it cuts off one important food supply to the cancer cells. Sugar substitutes like
NutraSweet, Equal,Spoonful, etc are made with Aspartame and it is harmful. A better natural substitute would be Manuka honey or molasses but only in very sma ll amounts. Table salt has a chemical added to make it white in colour. Better alternative is Bragg’s aminos or sea salt.

b. Milk causes the body to produce mucus, especially in the gastro-intestinal tract. Cancer feeds on mucus. By cutting off milk and
substituting with unsweetened soy milk, cancer cells are being starved.

c. Cancer cells thrive in an acid environment. A meat-based diet is acidic and it is best to eat fish, and a little chicken rather than
beef or pork. Meat also contains livestock antibiotics, growth hormones and parasites, which are all harmful, especially to people with cancer.

d. A diet made of 80% fresh vegetables and juice, whole grains, seeds, nuts and a little fruits help put the body into an alkaline
environment. About 20% can be from cooked food including beans. Fresh vegetable juices provide live enzymes that are easily absorbed and reach down to cellular levels within 15 minutes to no urish and enhance growth of healthy cells. To obtain live enzymes for building healthy cells try and drink fresh vegetable juice (most vegetables including bean sprouts) and eat some raw vegetables 2 or 3 times a day. Enzymes are destroyed at temperatures of 104 degrees F (40 degrees C).

e. Avoid coffee, tea, and chocolate, which have high caffeine. Green tea is a better alternative and has cancer-fighting properties.
Water-best to drink purified water, or filtered, to avoid known toxins and heavy metals in tap water. Distilled water is acidic, avoid it.

12. Meat protein is difficult to digest and requires a lot of digestive enzymes. Undigested meat remaining in the intestines become putrified
and leads to more toxic buildup.

13. Cancer cell walls have a tough protein covering. By refraining from or eating less meat it frees more enzymes to attack the protein walls of
cancer cells and allows the body’s killer cells to destroy the cancer cells.

14. Some supplements build up the immune system (IP6, Flor-ssence, Essiac, anti-oxidants, vitamins, minerals, EFAs etc.) to enable the
body’s own killer cells to destroy cancer cells. Other supplements like vitamin E are known to cause apoptosis, or programmed cell death, the
body’s normal method of disposing of damaged, unwanted, or unneeded cells.

15. Cancer is a disease of the mind, body, and spirit. A proactive and positive spirit will help the cancer warrior be a survivor. Anger,
unforgiveness and bitterness put the body into a stressful and acidic environment. Learn to have a loving and forgiving spirit. Learn to relax
and enjoy life.

16. Cancer cells cannot thrive in an oxygenated environment. Exercising daily, and deep breathing help to get more oxygen down to the cellular level. Oxygen therapy is another means employed to destroy cancer cells.