A State Rarity Rank of S1 means: Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology makes it especially vulnerable in New York State.

Global Rarity Rank:G4

A Global Rarity Rank of G4 means: Apparently secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.

Did you know?
The larvae (caterpillars) of this species accumulate iridoid glycosides in their tissues, ingested from the host plants on which they feed. They are not harmed by these compounds, but these compounds make them bitter and potentially toxic to predators. Their bright black, yellow, and white coloration warns potential predators that they may be dangerous to eat (Boros et al. 1991).

Historically, the species is reported from Long Island. Its distribution is probably confined to Long Island and nearby offshore islands. Currently, one population is documented in Suffolk County. Additional surveys are needed to better understand the status and distribution of this species in New York State.