Description: The 9M96 is a family of advanced Surface-to-Air Missiles (SAMs) designed to engage a wide range of aerodynamic and ballistic targets in the most severe clutter and jamming environments with unprecedented effectiveness. The new missile is able to intercept targets at a maximum speed of Mach 15 (4,800-5000 m/s) and at a maximum altitude of 35,000 meters. The 9M96 missile family was developed for integration on the Russian Triumf next generation air defense system. The Russian Air Force seeks to field a 9M96 derivative designed to perform long range air-to-air engagements. The Fakel Design Bureau (MKV Fakel), a part of Almaz-Antey Concern, is responsible for the 9M96 missile family.

The 9M96 missile features an active radar homing head backed by target updates provided by the launch unit's radar system as well as an Inertial Navigation System (INS) for midcourse guidance. Its cold launch consists of the missile being ejected 30 meters above its canister and thereafter the rocket motor ignites. A Thrust Vectoring Control (TVC) system based on gas flow provides an impressive maneuverability over other current anti-aircraft missiles. So far, the two existing missile variants have a maximum range varying from 40 kilometers to 120 kilometers.

The 9M96E2 missile variant can hit airborne and ballistic targets at ranges of up to 120 kilometers and flying at altitudes between 5 meters to 30,000 meters. It is said that the 9M96E2 missile can reach an altitude of 35,000 meters. Its blast fragmentation warhead weighs 24 kg and utilizes a radiofrequency fuze. Stored in its sealed canister has a service life of 15 years that can be extended. Both 9M96E and 9M96E2 missiles share many components and are similar in terms of weight and dimensions with the 9M96E2 provided with a more powerful rocket engine.