The new language is an attempt to define the tree structure of XML documents without describing the data types or modifying anything in its infoset:

Calling it a schema language is perhaps misleading: it's goal is purely validation. It doesn't aim to assist in interpreting or processing the document. The post-validation infoset is exactly the same as the pre-validation infoset.

James Clark also mentions that "TREX expects to partner with a datatyping language, such as XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes".

TREX appears then as an alternative to W3C XML Schema Part 1.

Interestingly, some issues on which James Clark had expressed his disapproval are addressed by TREX which includes some highly flexible features such as:

Attributes can be defined before, after or between elements.

Choices between elements and attributes can be defined (a feature that might help defining RDF TREX schemas).

Choices between elements and PCDATA can be defined (a feature needed to define a schema for XSLT).