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Eight DKD phenotypes were analyzed in subjects with T2D (blue boxes) and in a combined (green boxes) analysis of subjects with T2D or T1D (yellow box). N indicates the total sample count for either the all DKD (number of case subjects is given in parentheses) or the eGFR phenotype and may vary by variant as well as by DKD phenotype. Replication was sought for 164 loci and 47 loci from each analysis, respectively, in subjects of European and Asian ancestry with either T1D or T2D.

A: Manhattan plot of P values from the meta-analysis of allelic effects on early DKD in subjects with T2D of European descent. The red line represents genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) and the blue line suggestive significance (P < 1 × 10−6). The peak represented by rs9942471 (P = 4.5 × 10−8) near GABRR1 is highlighted in orange. B: A forest plot of allelic OR and imputation information scores (RSQ) from individual studies that contributed to the discovery and replication analyses of rs9942471 in microalbuminuria phenotype; rs9942471 genotypes were not available in Steno. C: A LocusZoom plot of the signal near GABRR1 led by rs9942471 that was associated with microalbuminuria in European subjects with T2D.

A heat map of GRS associations with DKD phenotypes in subjects with either T1D or T2D. A GRS for BMI was significant after correction for multiple testing, whereas other traits, including systolic blood pressure, were not associated with DKD phenotypes. adj., adjusted; FG, fasting glucose; In, insulin; IR, insulin resistance.