Legislation to address the risks of crude oil flowing through Minnesota has passed key committees at the State Capitol, but stricter rules affecting pipelines were dropped from the Senate measure Friday, leaving the focus mostly on railroads and oil trains.

In the face of opposition from the oil industry, legislators removed parts of the bill relating to emergency response to pipeline accidents. The measure still includes initiatives such as hiring more state rail inspectors and improving rail crossings to cope with the dramatic growth in crude-by-rail shipping from the North Dakota oil fields.

"People get the idea of tanker cars … rolling down our tracks," said Sen. Scott Dibble, chairman of the Senate Transportation Finance Committee. "Even though pipelines are expanding quite a bit, there isn't as much concern about those."

About six crude oil trains, often more than 100 tank cars long, pass through the Twin Cities daily, according to the Minnesota Transportation Department. Recent oil train wrecks, including the fiery explosion of an oil train Dec. 30 in Casselton, N.D., prompted legislators to draft the legislation, which has moved through key committees quickly.

Railroads ended up supporting the measure, even though it will cost them $1.25 million a year to better train and equip local responders. The measure would put signals at some, though not all, grade crossings along oil-train routes, but at taxpayer expense. It also would set standards for how quickly companies must respond to accidents and authorize hiring two or three more state rail inspectors.

"Safety is the rail industry's primary objective," said John Apitz, an attorney and rail group lobbyist. "If this helps the public's sense of safety in the movement of crude oil and other materials, we are in favor of the legislation and will not stand in the way."

what oil train measures propose

Legislation is moving through the Minnesota House and Senate to address the growing amount of crude oil and other hazardous liquids being transported through the state, especially on railroads. Three measures, now combined into one, focus on these areas:

Rail inspectors: Two or three additional state inspectors would be hired. The state currently has one inspector who works with two federal inspectors who check track and equipment. At least one new inspector will be a hazardous-materials specialist.

Local aid: Assessment on railroads and pipelines would help fund specialized training and equipment that local emergency officials need to address hazardous-material fires. But the pipeline assessment is opposed by that industry and was taken out of a Senate version Friday.

Grade crossings: More state money would be spent to upgrade signals and warnings at some of the 112 railroad crossings on routes used by oil trains. MnDOT would study where the funds would be best spent.

Spill response: Would set specific deadlines for railroads and pipeline operators to rush cleanup equipment and personnel to sites of accidents. The requirement on pipelines was taken out of a Senate version.

But officials from American Petroleum Institute, the oil industry's trade group, and Enbridge Energy, the state's major crude oil pipeline operator, opposed parts of the bill at legislative hearings last week. Some legislators also believed the focus should be on crude-by-rail, an industry that emerged in North Dakota because that state has insufficient pipeline capacity to deliver its oil bounty.

"If a train derails in a community, you have a catastrophe, "said Rep. Jim Newberger, R-Becker, who works as a paramedic. He signed on as co-sponsor of only the rail-related parts of the three-bill package.

One focus of the legislation is the lack of gates or signals at many grade crossings. Bill Gardner, director of MnDOT's freight and commercial operations, testified that 112 Minnesota grade crossings along oil-train routes have only the X-shaped crossbucks. The legislation originally called for $5 million in state funds to add signals, but at the urging of a Republican senator, the amount was bumped up to $10 million. Even that won't put signals at all oil train crossings, however.

Fatal truck-train crash

Gardner cited a fatal accident in May 2013 near Murdock, Minn., as an example of the risk. A tanker truck hauling anhydrous ammonia was struck at a grade crossing by a crude oil train. The release of ammonia led to evacuation of a nearby elementary school and forced a two-day closure of Hwy. 12. The truck driver later died.

That train was moving slowly, and its tank cars didn't rupture. "An ammonia truck hitting a Bakken oil train at higher speed, I don't know what the consequences would be, but it probably is not a good scenario," Gardner told a Senate committee. He said MnDOT will study grade crossings along oil train routes to assess which ones should get priority for upgrades.

The lead House sponsor, Rep. Frank Hornstein, DFL-Minneapolis, who chairs the House Transportation Finance Committee, still has pipeline regulations and assessments in his bill. But Dibble, his counterpart in the Senate, said it's unlikely they can survive.

Firefighters and other emergency response officials have strongly supported the legislation which would create a fund offering grants for specialized training and equipment. Although railroads have large-scale, foam-spraying equipment to fight oil fires, no local fire departments have it.

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