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Label:This elaborate altarpiece depicts scenes from Jesus' life and from the Passion, the events of his final days on earth. The altarpiece is shown here with its hinged panels open, as they would have been on major religious holidays. On either side of the Crucifixion in the center are carvings of scenes from the Passion with insets of earlier events prefiguring Jesus' suffering. On the base, or predella, paintings emphasize the idea of communion (the ritual of sharing bread and wine in Jesus' memory): a scene from the Last Supper is flanked by two related Old Testament subjects. Priests would have stood directly beneath these scenes when celebrating Mass at the altar.

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Philadelphia Museum of Art: Handbook of the Collections

This altarpiece was acquired for the high altar of the chapel at the château of Pagny during the redecoration projects of Admiral Chabot and the cardinal of Givry in the 1530s. After being removed from the chapel, its origin was forgotten until the altarpiece was reidentified in this Museum and, miraculously, rejoined with the Pagny choir screen. Such altarpieces were a specialty of Antwerp craftsmen who produced them for a widespread European market. Surprisingly, such elaborate and impressive works were not exorbitantly expensive, partly because they were made from prefabricated components and treated standardized themes such as the Passion of Christ, seen here. This example belongs to a group by an anonymous artist sometimes called the Master of the Oplinter Altar. While distinct from the Italianate and local styles found in other works at Pagny, the altarpiece, with its detailed, fully modeled, gilded figures, follows a taste for Northern art that was well established in Burgundy, which had historic links to the southern Netherlands. The paintings strike a contemporary note, echoing the then enormously influential style of Pieter Cocke (1502-1550), and would have lent a note of brilliant color to the stone chapel. Dean Walker, from Philadelphia Museum of Art: Handbook of the Collections (1995), p. 125.

Chapel, Château de Pagny, near Dijon, France; transferred in the mid-nineteenth century by the Duc d'Uzès to Château de Wideville, Seine-et-Oise; Comte [or Marquis] de Galard [1]; "Château de W." sale, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, April 25, 1921, no. 35. George Grey Barnard (1863-1938), New York, probably after 1925 and definitely by 1937 [2]; Barnard Estate, temporarily housed at Barnard's Cloisters, Washington Heights, New York, 1938-1945; sold to PMA, 1945 [3].
1. See Paul Court, "Vente du retable de la chapelle du château de Pagny," Mémoires de la commission des antiquités du département de la Côte-d'Or, vol. 17, 1913-21, p. 583. The retable passed into the Galard family through the marriage of the daughter of the Duc d'Uzès, Elisabeth de Crussol, to Louis Marie Hector, Marquis de Galard, in 1865. The 1921 sale catalogue notes that the retable was in the possession of "M. le comte de Galard".
2. After the sale of Barnard's first collection to the Metropolitian Museum of Art in 1925, he formed his second collection, including this altarpiece, between 1925 and his death in 1938. This work is listed in a press release on the collection issued by Barnard in 1937.
3. For the provenance see Fiske Kimball, "The George Grey Barnard Collection," PMA Bulletin, vol. 40, no. 205, March 1945, n.p.; David DuBon, "A Note on the Pagny Retable", PMA Bulletin, vol. 56, no. 267, Autumn 1960, p. 39-40, and Peter C. Sutton, Northern European Paintings in the Philadelphia Museum of Art: From the Sixteenth through the Nineteenth Century, Philadelphia, 1990, no. 22, p. 58-64.

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