TECHNICAL INFORMATION
on the
SOLOVOX
Model L
(Tone Cabinet No. 92000 and above)
OR those owners who are interested in
knowing exactly how theSolovox works, and
for the use of any capable radio technician
who may be called upon to repair the Solo-
vox, should it ever need such service. We
suggest that this booklet be kept inside the
piano bench.
HAMMOND I N S T liiSNT. 'COMPA N Y
42ii WestDiversey Avenue- ■ - ■ ■• - •■ • • ■.• ■ : ■• -.Chicago 39, Illinois
MODEL L SOLOVOX
This booklet describes the Model L Solovox, which was introduced in 1948.
This model differs from the Model K primarily in three respects. (1) An elec-
tronic vibrato replaces the former mechanical type, giving quieter and more
reliable operation. (2) An improved mute circuit produces both string and
clarinet-like tones of constant volume over the entire range of the keyboard. This
constancy of volume is appreciated by the player as it reduces the number of
knee-swell movements. (3) A completely new tuning system enables the musi-
cian to play more rapidly because it instantly selects the highest note played.
The new tuning circuit also eliminates switching of frequency dividers as the
musician plays over the keyboard, resulting in a perfect tone quality match for
all keys.
Model J and K technical information is available from Solovox dealers or
direct from the factory.
HOW THE SOLOVOX WORKS
All notes of the Solovox are controlled by a double triode vacuum tube mas-
ter oscillator operating, at the audio frequencies of the three highest octaves of
the instrument (523 to 3951 cycles per second). Thus the master oscillator oper-
ates over the full keyboard range of three octaves. Each time a key is depressed,
a contact under it tunes the oscillator to the pitch associated with the correspond-
ing key in this three octave range.
The output of the oscillator is fed into a series of three cascaded frequency
dividers, each of which divides its input frequency by two and thus produces a
note an octave lower than its input frequency. The three dividers thereby pro-
vide pitches of one, two, and three octaves below the pitch of the oscillator. In
this way, when the oscillator is tuned to some given note, each divider produces
a note in exact octave relation to the oscillator, thus forming a series of four notes
having exact octave relationships. The particular frequency divider or dividers
selected for sounding through the amplifier and speaker will depend upon which
of the BASS, TENOR, CONTRALTO, AND SOPRANO controls are used.
A control contact under each key serves to transmit the signal to the speaker
with a controlled rate of attack so as not to be musically abrupt. Tuned electrical
circuits associated with the amplifier make it possible to alter the quality of tone.
over' a wide range.'
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WIRING DIAGRAMS
In studying the operation of the Solovox, refer first to the block diagram
(Figure 4), and second to the more detailed schematic circuit (Figure 1A) which
is on the separate inserted sheet. Note that the arrangement of elements is exactly
the same in these two drawings.
The Oscillator
The 36 coils which tune the audio frequency oscillator to the highest three
octaves, shown in Figure 1 A, are located in the tuner box at the rear of the Solovox
keyboard. When the lowest "C" key is played (this key has no tuning contact) , all
36 coils are connected in series to form the tuning inductance of the oscillator.
When any other key is depressed, the tuning contact under it shorts out some of
these coils (making less total inductance) and thus tunes the oscillator up to the
pitch associated with that key. If two keys are depressed at the same time the
higher pitched of the two will sound.
Frequency Dividers
Each divider includes three triodes. One acts as a driver and pulse rectifier,
supplying sharp and narrow negative pulses to actuate a symmetrical feed-back
tripping circuit comprising two triodes in one 6SN7 tube. Either one (but only
one) of these two triodes can be conducting at a time, for by drawing plate cur-
rent it holds the other in a cut off condition.
Suppose, for example, that the first triode is conducting and the second is
cut off. Now a negative input pulse impressed on the grids of both triodes will
not affect the second one, which is already cut off, but will cut off the first. This
produces a positive pulse at the plate of the first triode, which is applied to the
grid of the second triode through its feed-back connection. The second triode
then suddenly conducts current, producing a negative pulse at its plate. This
negative pulse, applied to the first triode grid through its feed-back connection,
lie Miuduuii ia now CAetciiy icvcxscu.
Wit!! iilC 111 Dt hi IUUC v-iil \Jll ctlili IIIC aCv-Uilvl v-UliOLli-tliJg.
The next input pulse will act on the second triode, cutting it off again and
making the. first. conductive; and thus two input cycles are required to produce
one output cycle. Each frequency divider circuit therefore divides its input fre-
Page 5
quency in half, producing an output signal one octave lower than the preceding
divider. The triode plates of each divider stage furnish an output signal of rect-
angular wave shape as well as the signal to drive the next divider stage.
This divider circuit is capable of operating satisfactorily with wide variations
in voltage, input frequency, and values of components, and therefore is remark-
ably stable and requires no adjustments.
Register Controls
From the preceding, we see that whenever any one of the three G# keys, for
instance, is depressed, the frequency dividers, together with the oscillator, pro-
vide a series of four G# notes in exact octave relations. The particular divider
whose output is to sound through the speaker is selected by the register controls
("BASS-TENOR-CONTRALTO-SOPRANO"). Thus the register controls
shift the pitch range of the Solovox keyboard to four different positions. If two
or more of these controls are depressed simultaneously, a composite tone will be
heard, consisting of the outputs of several dividers simultaneously sounding in
their octave relations.
The Mute
The electrical waves produced by the oscillator and frequency dividers are
of rectangular shape, consisting of odd harmonics and representing the clarinet
or woodwind family of tone qualities. This type of tone is heard with the mute
control "on".
To produce the string quality tones heard with the mute control "off", even
harmonics must be added. These are obtained by adding rectangular waves from
higher frequency dividers, in reduced amplitude. This effect is possible because
the fundamental frequency of the tenor range, for instance, is the same as the
second harmonic of the bass range, the fundamental of the contralto range is the
same as the bass fourth harmonic, and so on.
In the case of the soprano range, since no higher octaves are available, the
string tone is obtained directly from an "oscillator rectifier" tube which produces
a combination of odd and even harmonics from the oscillator output.
Note; Models J and K Solovox have different mute circuits. (.See Page 3).'
Page-6 ■ ■ " ■ ■ . • •
"Deep Tone," "Full Tone," "First Voice," "Second Voice," and "Brilliant"
Controls.
Just ahead of the preamplifier is a series of tone controlling circuits arranged
to alter the frequency characteristic of the amplifier in a manner similar to radio
tone controls. For instance, with "DEEP TONE" the signal develops across a
condenser which emphasizes the low frequencies; with "FULL TONE" the
signal develops across a resistor with a small condenser in shunt, which leaves
the frequency characteristic essentially flat except for the very high frequencies ;
"FIRST VOICE" puts a resonance in the 400 cycle zone; "SECOND VOICE"
puts a resonance near 800 cycles ; and with "BRILLIANT" the signal develops
across an inductance, emphasizing the higher frequencies. These tone control
circuits are connected in series, and may be used singly or in groups. At least one
of the five tone controls and at least one of the register controls must be in "on"
position before any signal can be heard from the loud speaker.
Control Tubes V9 and VIQ
As mentioned before, the control contacts under the playing keys serve to
remove the cutoff bias from control tubes V9 and V10. This is explained by con-
sidering that the cathodes of tubes V9 and VI are connected to the midpoint of
the voltage divider shown below the control tubes in Figure 1 A. When no playing
key is pressed, this voltage is about 150 volts positive with respect to ground, and,
therefore, these tubes are cut off. When any playing key control contact is closed,'
a resistance totaling 2700 ohms is put in parallel with the lower kg of the voltage
divider and this causes the cathode voltage to drop to about 50 volts. This removes
the cutoff bias from control tubes V9 and VI wKirh ? ™» «f th~ «>„,„«.„ mt n f(
type. The 6 mfd. condenser serves to make the tonal attack and decay rate smooth.
A condenser connected between the keying circuit and the center tap of trans-
former T2 produces a slow rate of attack but can be disconnected if desired by
operating the "fast attack" switch.
r OlllfflB LtOfltTOl
The volume of the Soiovox is controlled by a knee-operated rheostat. This
rheostat is actually a switch connected to seven fixed resistors and is, therefore,
a ~j— >■" "^< is io me usuiii L>pe or vojume control, inis rneostat forms
part of a voltage divider circuit which varies. the grid bias to the remote cutoff
control tubes V9 and V10 and, therefore, changes the gain of these tubes to pro-
Page 7
duce a corresponding change of volume from the speaker. The grid potential var-
ies from approximately 25 volts at the maximum volume position (depending on
setting of maximum volume control), to approximately ground potential at the
minimum position ( depending on setting of minimum volume control) .
The Vibrato
The vibrato effect is produced by means of a 6-cycles-per-second vacuum
tube phase shift oscillator which drives a vacuum tube switching circuit. As
the switching tube is turned on and off by the vibrato oscillator, it shunts a small
condenser intermittently across the master oscillator tuning circuit and causes
the master oscillator frequency to vary, producing a vibrato effect.
Tuning
The Solovox, as a whole, is tuned by adjusting the capacity of the tuning
condenser and thereby changing the frequency of the master oscillator.
Two tuning knobs accomplish this by shunting additional capacities across
the main tuning condenser.
Power Output Stage
VI 1 and V12 are power output pentodes connected in the usual push-pull
manner to drive the permanent magnet type loud speaker.
Power Supply
The power supply of the Solovox uses a single rectifier tube, V13. Note
that control tubes V9 and VI have a separate heater winding on power trans-
former Tl. This prevents an appreciable difference in potential from arising
between the heaters and cathodes of control tubes V9 and V10.
TUNING AND SIMPLE ADJUSTMENTS WHICH
ANY OWNER CAN MAKE
Tuning , .
The Solovox ordinarily remains in tune indefinitely. However, because of
the- variation in pitch of -the piano or other instruments with which the Solovox is
to be played, two tuning adjustment knobs have been' provided. These are located
■ Page 8
under the keyboard to the left of the volume control. Tuning the Solovox is a very
simple matter, as all of the tones are simultaneously tuned by making this single
adjustment.
To tune the Solovox, first adjust the knob farthest to the left (rough tuning ad-
justment) for approximate tuning, with the other knob (fine tuning adjustment)
in its center position. Then adjust the fine tuning knob until the tuning is accu-
rate. For greatest accuracy, only the "CONTRALTO", "VIBRATO OFF",
and "DEEP TONE" control tablets should be "in" and the middle octave F# key
of the Solovox tuned to the corresponding piano note. (A control tablet is "in"
when the top of the tablet is pushed in.)
Adjustment of Maximum and Minimum Volume Controls
The maximum volume control knob is located under the keyboard to the right
of the volume control. It regulates the maximum loudness when the knee-operated
lever is all the way to the right.
The minimum volume control is located a little to the left of the maximum
volume control and is provided with a screwdriver slot for adjusting. It is used to
regulate the minimum loudness when the knee-operated lever is all the way to the
left.
When readjusting both controls, always set the minimum volume control first,
as it has some effect on the maximum volume as well. To do this, set the tablets to
some useful setting such as "CONTRALTO" and "DEEP TONE". With the
knee-operated volume control released, so that it points directly out, hold down a
key and turn the slotted minimum volume control until the note is as soft as is
useful. (When once set this control will probably not need to be changed. If you
ever move it, be sure to check the maximum volume afterwards.)
To adjust the maximum volume control knob, move the knee-operated volume
control as far as it will go to the right, holding down a key, and turn the knob to
the right until the volume becomes as loud as is useful. Do not turn the knob to
the right any further as to do so will only mean that the knee-operated volume
control will become unnecessarily sensitive, which is particularly undesirable
for the novice and beginner.
PRACTICAL SERVICE, SUGGESTIONS
The materials and electrical parts in the Hammond Solovox are of the finest
Page 9
oualitv available. Aside from occasional replacement of a vacuum tube, no servtce
Itemln ed be expected to arise. A few conditions which mtght possibly be
e P „coumered are listed below with information which will enable a radto servtce
technician to correct them without difficulty.
1 Cable Connector. In case the Solovox fails to play correctly, first make sure
that he die connector in the left end of the keyboard under the £££££
The face of the plug and its receptacle should be together. If the Solovox does
not olav properly, this is the most likely cause.
? ReMacin, tubes. There are thirteen tubes in the Solovox, as shown on
the Ustp' These are all standard radio tubes, and can be tested and re-
1 7 if necessary by any radio dealer. All tubes can be reached from the
E of Z ^ tone cabme^e sure to replace all tubes in the exact sockets
from which they came.
The two type 6SK7 control tubes (V9 and V10) should be stm.lar ^ to avoid
undesirable thumps when playing. It is therefore recommended that both be
replaced at the same time with new tubes of the same make
S Instrument Fails to Play. Ordinarily in this case all the tubes should be
tested If he ub s are lig hted, the cable plug is making proper connection, and
The conlrok are in playing position, the most likely --0^ ^
voltage measurements given on the circuit Diagram w
technician to locate the trouble.
A dirty key contact may cause an irregular sputte ring or crack hng of a
singfe note In this case, move the bus-bar shifters as described m the fo„o„ ,ng
suggestions numbered "6" and "7".
■ ^ * 1 n»„e *,nt Plnv If all keys fail to play on one regis-
4 One Register Control Does not flay, ir an^cys f
„,™1 with the mute "on," but play correctly with all other co ^ ~
ter control with the mute on, y y removing
register control tablet may have a dirty ^ntac. . ; may ^ nfro i s )
; , , • (.u ^ntml nsnel (which includes the tour register cuuuuis;
t Up. ipft certion or toe control panci vwuivn
LUC: ivli avvi.vti .w*.
and wiping the contacts carefully. _
A broken cable wire or poor plug connectionin the — cncmt o^nglc
frequency divider may cause the *"- J^Xntrol is coimected
connected to the ^-d trequency niv.de,^ ^ A, ^^ ^
to the second frequency divider; the CONIKALIO con
Pc^e jf#
the first frequency divider; and the "SOPRANO" control is connected to the
oscillator.
In case the frequency divider itself is not operating, all dividers below it will
also fail to play. A cathode-ray oscilloscope connected from ground to the plate
of any divider tube should show a rectangular wave, while the plate of any
divider driver tube should show a very sharp and narrow negative pulse.
5. One Tone Control Will Not Turn Off. If one of the tone controls does
not turn off when pressed in at the bottom, the tone control tablet probably has a
dirty contact. It may be cleared by removing the right section of the control
panel and wiping the contacts carefully.
6. One Key Does Not Sound. If a certain key fails to play on any of the reg-
ister controls, it probably has a dirty control contact which can be cleared easily
by shifting the control contact bus-bar, whose adjustment is at the right end of
the keyboard under the molded bakelite end piece. Figure 3A shows how the
bus-bar shifters are arranged. Loosen the clamping screw, shift the bus-bar about
1/32", and tighten the clamping screw carefully.
7. One Key Plays Lowest "C" Note Instead of its Correct Pitch (with adja-
cent keys playing- correctly). In this case the key has a dirty tuning contact
which can be cleared easily by shifting the tuning contact bus-bar, whose adjust-
ment is at the left end of the keyboard. Adjust as described in the preceding
paragraph.
8. Key Thumps or Clicks. If a transient effect in the form of an annoying
thump appears each time a key is released, the two type 6SK7 control tubes V9
and V10 are probably not matched properly. In this case install two new tubes
of the same make. A loud click each time a key is released indicates that the
control tube cathode condenser (6 mfd. 200 V.) is probably open or partially
open.
9. Hum. An excessive 120 cycle hum in the speaker indicates that one of the
filter condensers is open or low in capacity.
10. Tuning of Individual Notes. The individual note tuning system em-
ployed in the Model L holm ox consists of 36 small inductance coils, each of
which is adjustable by moving the coil on its iron core. This tuning system is
much more stable than the piano because it has practically no aging effect and'
is very insensitive to ordinary humidity and temperature changes. However,
after long use under extremely adverse humidity conditions it is possible that
. . _ Page 11
some notes of the instrument may not be exactly in tune with each other. Before
concluding that this is the case, carefully tune the middle F# note as described
on page 8. Remember that under these extreme conditions of humidity pianos
frequently get out of tune very rapidly (in a matter of hours). If you are sure
that the tuning discrepancy does lie in the Solovox notes and not in the piano,
the individual notes may be retuned as follows :
(a) Connect the speaker output of the Solovox to one set of plates of an oscil-
loscope, and connect the speaker output of a Hammond Organ to the
other set of oscilloscope plates. In case a Hammond Organ is not avail-
able, you can use a new Solovox accurately tuned to A-440 pitch. When
tuning with the organ, use the first white drawbar (fundamental) only
and the highest three octaves of organ keys.
(b) Remove the bakelite front and back covers of the tuner box at the rear
of the Solovox keyboard, exposing the numbered tuning coils. The key-
board wiring diagram, Figure 3A shows the location of these coils.
(c) In order to stop the vibrato completely, connect cable terminal No. 3 to
ground. Set the rough tuning and fine tuning controls to their center
positions. With "CONTRALTO," "VIBRATO OFF," and "DEEP
TONE" tablets pressed in at the top, hold down the highest B keys on
the Solovox and organ. Loosen the clamping screw on coil 36 and slide
the coil carefully up or down until the Solovox note is tuned to the cor-
responding organ note as indicated by the oscilloscope wave pattern
either standing still or moving very slowly (one cycle in two or more sec-
onds). Tighten the clamping screw.
(d) Release the B keys and hold down the highest A# keys on the Solovox
and organ. Now adjust coil 35 in the same way. Then release the A#
keys and hold down the A keys and tune coil 34. Repeat for all the
other keys and coils in chromatic order downward. It is important that
you start tuning with the highest note and progress down one key at a
time because the tuning of the lower keys is dependent upon all of the
higher coils.
Note: From the above you can see that tuning the individual notes requires con-
siderable skill as well as a Hammond Organ and oscilloscope. "It is not
recommended that the owner try to do this himself.
Page 12
SOLOVOX TUBE SOCKET VOLTAGES
These readings are taken with a 1000 ohms-per-volt meter, having three scales of 50, 250, and 1000 volts. All
voltages are taken with a line voltage of 117, and deviations of as much as 20% may be caused by line voltage varia-
tions. All controls are off, the volume control is in its softest position, and no key is depressed unless specified. The
negative lead of the voltmeter is connected to chassis ground except as noted..
Connect Positive Meter Should Read
Voltmeter Lead to: (Volts) This Shows Voltage of
"+300" 310 1st filter condenser
"+290" 290 2nd filter condenser
"+280" 280 3rd filter condense^
Ground (neg. to " — 2.5") 2.5 to 3.0 Vibrato oscillator bias
Tube VI (term. #2) 165 Master oscillator plate
Tube VI (term. #3) 9 Master oscillator cathode
Tube VI (term. #5) 10 Vibrato switch tube plate
(Use 250 V. scale)
Tube V2 (term. #2) 185 Vibrato oscillator plate
( Meter should oscil-
late slightly)
Tube V2 (term. #5) 210 Master Oscillator plate
Tube V2 (term. #6) 4 Master Oscillator cathode
Tube V3 (term. #2) 80 Oscillator rectifier plate
Tube V3 (term. #3) . 5 Oscillator rectifier cathode
Tubes V3 (term. #5), V5
(term. #2 & 5) 260 Driver Plates
(Use 1000 V. scale)
Tube V4, V6, V7, term. #2 & #5) 190 Divider Plates
(Use 1000 V. scale)
Tube V7 (term. #6) 40 Driver & Divider Cathodes
Tube V8 (term. #3) 65 Preamplifier plate
Tube V8 (term. #8) 1 Preamplifier cathode
Tubes V9 and V10 (term. #8). . 280 Control tube plates
Tube V9 (term. #6) 130 Control tube screens
Tube V9 (term. #5) 145 Control tube cathodes
(no key depressed) (tubes cut off)
Tube V9 (term. #5) 45 Control tube cathodes
(any key depressed) (tubes operating)
Tubes VI 1 and V12 (term. #3). 300 Output tube plates
Tube VI 1 (term. #4) 290 Output tube screens
Tube VI 1 (term. #8) 25 Output tube cathodes
Cable terminal #12 ,. 0-20 Control tube grids
(Volume control in softest position) (exact voka f de P ends f ^tting of
^ minimum volume control.)
Cable Terminal #12. . -. . 5-30 . Control tube grids .
' (Volume control in loudest position ) fexact volta ^ depends on setting of
1 ' maximum and minimum volume con-
-.--.. ■ . trols.) .....
Page 13
AC VOLTAGES
Heater Voltage to all tubes except V13 6.3 V. RMS
Rectifier tube V13 filament voltage ■ 5 V. RMS
Ground to either plate of rectifier tube 300 V. RMS
AC ripple voltage across two 1200 ohm power supply
resistors 3 V. RMb
AC ripple voltage across 1000 ohm power supply resistor 15 V. RMS
REPAIR PARTS
A great many of the electrical parts are standard radio parts, obtainable at
any radio store. Such parts include tubes, resistors, and condensers, both paper
and electrolytic. The correct values are given in the diagrams.
The transformers and coils are mostly special. To obtain such parts from
us specify the model and serial number of your Solovox tone cabinet and the
designation used in Figures 1, 2, or 3. For example: Transformer Tl for Solo-
vox Model L, serial number 80000.
We suggest that if your Solovox should ever need repair you call your
nearest Hammond dealer, or ask us where nearest dealer is located. If your
Hammond dealer is not conveniently available, this booklet, with the accom-
panying diagrams, will enable a competent radio service man to locate the
trouble.
PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS
"Solovox" is the Trade Mark of the Hammond Instrument Company and is registered in the United States
Patent Office.
The Solovox is protected by patents and patents pending in the United States and principal foreign coun-
tries, including the following United States Patents.
Des. 123,686 1,956,350 2,142,580 2,253,782
Des. 124,405 2,099,204 2,203,569 2,254,284
Re. 20,831 2,117,002 2,233,258 2,254,366
GUARANTEE
The Hammond Solovox is guaranteed by Hammond Instrument Company for the period of one year after date
of delivery. Our liability under this guarantee is limited to replacing or repairing at our factory, or at any service
station or dealer we may designate, any parts proving defective in workmanship or materia! during such period.
Hammond Instrument Company does not guarantee the vacuum tubes or speaker cone employed in this
instrument. Such parts are standard and are covered by the guarantee of their makers.
The guarantee of Hammond Instrument Company does not extend to any damage caused to the Solovox or
any of its parts because of abuse, accident, or improper operation.
Page 14
"l!03 33H>ANMG-'9
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REPAIR PARTS
A great many of the electrical parts are standard radio parts, obtainable at
any radio store. Such parts include tubes, resistors, and condensers, both paper
and electrolytic. The correct values are given in the diagrams.
The transformers and coils are mostly special. To obtain such parts from
us specify the model and serial number of your Solovox tone cabinet and the
designation used in Figures 1A, 2 A, or 3 A. For example : Transformer Tl for
Solovox Model L, serial number 92000.
We suggest that if your Solovox should ever need repair you call your
nearest Hammond dealer, or ask us where nearest dealer is located If your
Hammond dealer is not conveniently available, this booklet, with the accom-
panying diagrams, will enable a competent radio service man to locate the
PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS
"Solovox" is the Trade Mark of the Hammond Instrument Company and is registered in the United States
^^Th^oLox is protected by patents and patents pending in the United States and principal foreign coun-
tries including the following United States Patents.
r> 197 am 1956 350 2,142,580 2,253,782
Des. 123,686 i'2J" 2 203 569 2,254,284
Dm 124 405 2,099,204 z,^uj,jo^ > '
f I.; > - 2 233 258 2,254,366
Re. 20,831 2,117,002 z,zjj,^o
GUARANTEE
The Hammond Solovox is guaranteed by Hammond Instrument Company for the period of one year after date
of delerv Our Habky under this guarantee is limited to replacing or repairing at our factory, or at any serv.ce
Hon o dealer w mav designate, any parts proving defective in workmanship or matenal dunng such penod
Hammond l Instrument Company does not guarantee the vacuum tubes or speaker cone employed m th»
.Wrument Such parts are standard and are covered by the guarantee of their makers.
Tg^H^ Instrument Company does not extend to any damage caused to the Solovox or
any of its parts because of abuse, accident, or improper operation.
Page 13
Page 14
Page 15
GENERATOR CHASSIS
CABLE PLUG
CONNECTS TO
KEYBOARD
FILTER CONOENSER
TO REMOVE CHASSIS
AND COVER PANEL
FROM CABINET REMOVE
TWO MACHINE SCREWS,
SIX WOOD SCREWS
AND TWO SELF-TAPPING
SCREWS.
COVER PANEL
REAR VIEW OF TONE CABINET
SOLOVOX MODEL L
■ FIGURE 5A
Page 16
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