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679 IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America’s Most Powerful Corporation – by Edwin Black

IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America’s Most Powerful Corporation – by Edwin Black (Author)

IBM and the Holocaust is the award-winning, New York Times bestselling shocker–a million copies in print–detailing IBM’s conscious co-planning and co-organizing of the Holocaust for the Nazis, all micromanaged by its president Thomas J Watson from New York and Paris. This Expanded Edition offers 37 pages of previous unpublished documents, pictures, internal company correspondence, and other archival materials to produce an even more explosive volume. Originally published to extraordinary praise in 2001, this provocative, award-winning international bestseller has stood the test of time as it chronicles the story of IBM’s strategic alliance with Nazi Germany. IBM and the Holocaust provides nothing less than a chilling investigation into corporate complicity. Edwin Black’s monumental research exposes how IBM and its subsidiaries helped create enabling technologies for the Nazis, step-by-step, from the identification and cataloging programs of the 1930s to the selections of the 1940s.

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The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America’s Most Powerful Corporation (2001)

The Film Archives
Published on May 5, 2015
In the early 1880s, Herman Hollerith, an employee at the U.S. Census Bureau, conceived of the idea of creating readable cards with standardized perforations, each representing specific individual traits such as gender, nationality, and occupation. About the book:

The millions of punched cards created for the population counted in the national census could then be sorted on the basis of specific bits of information they contained—thereby providing a quantified portrait of the nation and its citizens.[2] In 1910, the German licensee Willy Heidinger established the Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen Gesellschaft (German Hollerith Machine Corporation), known by the acronym „Dehomag.”[3] The next year, Hollerith sold his American business to industrialist Charles Flint (1850–1934) for $1.41 million ($34 million in 2012 dollars).[4] The counting machine operation was made part of a new conglomerate called the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR).[4] Flint chose Thomas J. Watson (1874–1956), the star salesman of the National Cash Register Corporation, to head the new operation.[5] The German licensee Dehomag later became a direct subsidiary of the American corporation CTR.[6] In 1924, Watson assumed the role of Chief Executive Officer of CTR and renamed the company International Business Machines (IBM).

Black details the ongoing business relationship between Watson’s IBM and the emerging German regime headed by Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP). Hitler came to power in January 1933; on March 20 of that same year he established a concentration camp for political prisoners in the Bavarian town of Dachau, just outside the city of Munich. Repression against political opponents and the country’s substantial ethnic Jewish population began at once. By April 1933, some 60,000 had been imprisoned.[7] Business relations between IBM and the Hitler regime continued uninterrupted in the face of broad international calls for an economic boycott.[8] Indeed, Willy Heidinger, who remained in control of Dehomag, the 90%-owned German subsidiary of IBM, was an enthusiastic supporter of the Hitler regime.[9]

On April 12, 1933, the German government announced plans to conduct a long-delayed national census.[10] The project was particularly important to the Nazis as a mechanism for the identification of Jews, Gypsies, and other ethnic groups deemed undesirable by the regime. Dehomag offered to assist the German government in its task of ethnic identification, concentrating upon the 41 million residents of Prussia.[11] This activity was not only countenanced by Thomas Watson and IBM in America, Black argues, but was actively encouraged and financially supported, with Watson himself traveling to Germany in October 1933 and the company ramping up its investment in its German subsidiary from 400,000 to 7,000,000 Reichsmark—about $1 million.[12] This injection of American capital allowed Dehomag to purchase land in Berlin and to construct IBM’s first factory in Germany, Black charges, thereby „tooling up for what it correctly saw as a massive financial relationship with the Hitler regime.”[12]

Black also asserts that a „secret deal” was made between Heidinger and Watson during the latter’s visit to Germany which allowed Dehomag commercial powers outside of Germany, enabling the „now Nazified” company to „circumvent and supplant” various national subsidiaries and licensees by „soliciting and delivering punch card solution technology directly to IBM customers in those territories.”[13] As a result, Nazi Germany soon became the second most important customer of IBM after the lucrative US market, Black notes.[14] The 1933 census, with design help and tabulation services provided by IBM through its German subsidiary, proved to be pivotal to the Nazis in their efforts to identify, isolate, and ultimately destroy the country’s Jewish minority. Machine-tabulated census data greatly expanded the estimated number of Jews in Germany by identifying individuals with only one or a few Jewish ancestors. Previous estimates of 400,000 to 600,000 were abandoned for a new estimate of 2 million Jews in the nation of 65 million.

The Auto Channel
Published on Mar 1, 2012
Investigative journalist Edwin Black talks about the new expanded edition of his best selling book „IBM and the Holocaust.” The presentation took place on February 26, 2012 at Yeshiva University in Manhattan. More information at http://www.edwinblack.com.

flip3213
IBM makes the verichip now RFID chip ….trying do it all over again

Mr K
Kind of worried that it’s IBM that is doing the Human Genographic Project…

Rick Slick
Many U.S. companies did business with Hitler, including Henry Ford, the Rockefellers etc.

Dov Struzer
SO DID ,G M TROUGH THE GERMAN OPEL SUBSIDIARY,THAT BIULT TRUCKS ,AND ENGINES FOR THE NAZI ARMY, ALSO DU PONT, ESSO, I T T, KODAK,COCA COLA, HOLLYWOOD TOO, CHASE BANK, A P NEWS,ETC ETC. SO AS YOU SEE A WAR IS ALLWAYS A GOOD TIME TO MAKE BUSSINES

Pezfeo
The US Airforce bombed a Ford factory in Germany, Ford sued and the US paid them.

minty 178
Why didn’t the United states authorities intercept this illegal business with IBM?

The Auto Channel
For much the same reason (which is unclear) that they didn’t stop Standard Oil, General Motors, and Ford from colluding with the Nazis.

philopolymath
1 year ago
Yes very misleading and biased piece..Germany was only one client of IBM… They served BOTH sides. IBM helped to calculate how many fire bombs would be needed to obliterate & BURN Dresden’s PEOPLE. How does that NOT qualify as a crime against humanity

Dov Struzer
WATCH EDWIN BLAK’S VIDEO ABOUT I B M AND THE HOLOCAUST

David Well
What group(s) helped the Communists for some 70 years? Hollywood? Mass Media? Major colleges and academics? An interesting story not yet published. Why?

Ed Kendrick
What the video proves is that IBM technology allowed Germany to inventory the skills of workers interned in the work camps. There is no proof in this video of use of the IBM techolog for an industrial genocide, thus, the title is misleading.

Way Back
Published on Mar 24, 2015
Edwin Black is an American syndicated columnist and journalist. He specializes in human rights, the historical interplay between economics and politics in the Middle East, petroleum policy, the abuses practiced by corporations, and the financial underpinnings of Nazi Germany.

The Transfer Agreement: The Dramatic Story of the Pact Between the Third Reich and Jewish Palestine is a historic book written by author Edwin Black, documenting the transfer agreement („Haavara Agreement” in Hebrew) between Zionist organizations and Nazi Germany to transfer a number of Jews and their assets to Palestine. This agreement was partly inspired by a global boycott of Germany that had appeared to threaten the Reich.[1] Controversial as it may be seen in hindsight, it marked one of the few rescue of Jews and their assets during the Holocaust.[2]

This book documents the agreement between Nazi Germany and an organization of German Zionists in 1933 to salvage the smallest amounts of German Jewish assets and the voluntary emigration of German Jews to Palestine before the Third Reich implemented confiscation, expulsion and then extermination. The Transfer Agreement rescued some 60,000 German Jews. A sweeping, worldwide economic boycott of Germany by Jews helped spur a deal between the Nazis and Zionists.[3] At that time, there were few Jews in Palestine, but from 1933 through 1936, 60,000 German Jews immigrated into the region,[4] bringing with them a portion of the assets they once held in Germany.[5]

IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance between Nazi Germany and America’s Most Powerful Corporation is a book by investigative journalist Edwin Black which details the business dealings of the American-based multinational corporation International Business Machines (IBM) and its German and other European subsidiaries with the government of Adolf Hitler during the 1930s and the years of World War II. In the book, Black outlines the way in which IBM’s technology helped facilitate Nazi genocide through generation and tabulation of punch cards based upon national census data.

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