We prove that, in a setting of local Dirichlet forms on metric measure
spaces, a two-sided sub-Gaussian estimate of the heat kernel is equivalent
to the conjunction of the volume doubling propety, the elliptic Harnack
inequality and a certain estimate of the capacity between concentric balls.
The main technical tool is the equivalence between the capacity estimate and
the estimate of a mean exit time in a ball, that uses two-sided estimates of
a Green function in a ball.