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CROSS CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING

This study is
itended to analyze the linguistic signals of power and solidarity in the
javanese language at kalikejambon village Jombang.The javanese language has
many style levels which each reflects existence of power and solidarity in the
society. The Javanese people have to dertermine the style levels that is
appropriate to be used because every situation requires the speaker to make the
most exactling discriminations about his attitude toward the listener’s states.
She have to chooseone of the three
basic stylesof the language and decide wheter or not he will employ special
terms known as honorifics.

The main
problem described and identified in this thesis is the linguistic signals of
power and solidarity in javanese language at kalikejambon village Jombang and
the social contexts that determine the execution of power and solidaruty in
javanese society.

The
descriptive qualitative method is used ro conduct this research. The javanese
people that include a teacher. Student of javanese department trader and farmer
are taken as the informants. The observation and interview is done to obtain
the data futher, the data are recordered on the tape and jetted down on
thenotes.

In doing the
analys is the writer divides the data into three part i.e the address system in
javanese language as linguistic signals of power and solidarity,after that the
second contexts that determine theexecution of power and solidaruty will be
analyzed.

The study
revals that the linguistic signals of power and solidaruty in the javanese
language include the address system, verb form and vocabulary levels. Its
execution in the sociely depends on some factors i.e participant (s) and
familiarity have the most important role. However the situation in which the
dialoque take place and the topic of conversation also determine the choice of
the style levels they used communication.

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY
SURABAYA

2004

EDUCATIONAL ATITUDE

Student life at American Universities usually in total
confusion during the first semester. International students, accustomed to
theircountries educational expectations, must adapt to new classroom
norms in a foreign college or university.

Active participation

In the classroom, student’s participation is expected in
many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the
student’soral participation. Although
the student have passive role (listening and taking notes) in formal lectures,
but in informal lectures, many courses are designed around classroom
discussion. Many professors encourage students to question and challenge their
ideas.

The Teacher- Student Relationship

It is uncommon for students to have easygoing and
friendly relationship with their professors. Although students may be in a
subordinate position some professors tread them as equals. However, they still
are in a authority position. Professors may establish social relationships with
students outside of the classroom but in the classroom they maintain the
instructor’s role. Students must realize that when a teacher’s role changes,
they must appropriately adapt with their behavior and attitudes.

Many
teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the students.
Sometimes homework is returned with brief written comments without a grade.
Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for learning the
material. Professors will help students who need it but prefer that their
students not be overly dependent on them.

The Honor System.

The
“honor system” imposed by the teacher and university demands that the student
be honest in all areas of school work. Violation of the honor system can result
in a student’s failing a course, having a permanent record of the violation
placed in the student’s school file or even being expelled from the university.

Competition.

Relationship
between students in the classroom can be cooperative or competitive.
International students should not hesitate to ask for help if it is needed. In
addition when facing a competitive job market, graduates may be judged on the
basis of their grade point average and faculty recommendations. Ultimately, it
is the student who is responsible for succeeding in this competitive system.

WORK VALUES

Work is one of the most important
activities in an individual’s life. The primary motivation to work is to get a
living. In addition, what a person “does” helps to determine that person’s
prestige. A lawyer has more prestige than a bus driver, a nurse can claim more
prestige than a waitress or a waiter.

The “Work Ethic”

The
“work ethic” imbues work with the quality of goodness. It originated with the
puritan colonists from England, who come to North America in the 1600’s. The
ethic was an outcome of the religious belief that material success was a sign
of God’s favor and that those who achieved this success were among God’s
“chosen” and would go to heaven.

The “ American Dream”

Many
people believethat there is equality of
opportunity that allows anyone to become successful. This belief is illustrated
by stories written by a nineteenth century American novelist, Horatilo Alger,
who wrote about the “ American Dream”. He described poor people who become rich
because of their hard work, honesty, and luckl..

Rewards and Job Satisfaction.

There
are some people however who do succeed in raising their economic, and social
levels. Upward (occupation) mobility or climbing the ladder are terms that
refer to one’s advancement in work.

Workaholics

The
word “workaholic” describes an individual who is as addicted to work as an
alcoholic is to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics
those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics are valuable
members of society because they are extremely productive.

Leisure and Socializing

Leisure
time provides opportunities to find personal satisfaction and freedom from the
routine of work. Increased leisure time in the United States has not altered
the idea that work and play are distinct activities. In many offices, stores,
and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under
pressure at work often can not afford to respond to social calls and visits.
There are may be more social interactions between teachers in a school than
betweenscientist doing independent
research.