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Victor Olegovich Pelevin was born in Moscow on 22 November, 1962 to Zinaida Semenovna Efremova, an English teacher, and Oleg Anatolyevich Pelevin, a teacher at the military department of Bauman University. He lived on Tverskoy Boulevard in Moscow, later moving to Chertanovo. In 1979 Pelevin graduated from an elite high school with a special English program located on Stanislavskogo Street in the centre of Moscow, now Kaptsov Gymnasium #1520.

He then attended the Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MPEI) graduating with a degree in electromechanical engineering in 1985. In April of that year MPEI Department of Electrical Transport hired him as engineer. Pelevin served in the Russian Air Force. From 1987 to 1989 Pelevin attended the MPEI graduate school.

Pelevin is often in the east. He has been to Nepal, South Korea, China and Japan. While he does not call himself a Buddhist, he is engaged in Buddhist practices. Pelevin has repeatedly said that despite the fact that his characters use drugs, he is not an addict even though he has experimented with mind-expanding substances in his youth. Pelevin is not married. As of the beginning of the 2000s, he lived in Moscow near Chertanovo.

In 1989 Pelevin attended Mikhail Lobanov's creative writing seminar at Maxim Gorky Literary Institute. While studying at the Literary Institute Pelevin met the young novelist Albert Egazarov and the poet Victor Kulle, later a literary critic. Pelevin was expelled from the literary institute in 1991. Egazarov and Kulle went on to found a publishing house, first called The Day, then The Raven and "Myth", for which Pelevin has edited three volumes of Carlos Castaneda. From 1989 to 1990 Pelevin worked as a staff reporter of the magazine Face to Face. In 1989 he also began to work in the journal Nauka i Religiya (Science and Religion), where he edited a series of articles on eastern mysticism. In 1989 "Nauka i Religiya" published Pelevin's first short story "Ignat the Sorcerer and the People".

In 1992 Pelevin published his first collection of stories "The Blue Lantern". A year later it received the Russian Little Booker Prize. In 1994 it received InterPressCon and the Bronze Snail awards. In March 1992 Pelevin published his first novel "Omon Ra" in the literary journal Znamya. The novel has attracted the attention of literary critics and was nominated for the Booker Prize. In April 1993, the same journal published Pelevin's next novel "The Life of Insects". In 1993 Pelevin published an essay "John Fowles and the tragedy of Russian liberalism" in Nezavisimaya Gazeta. The essay was the writer's answer to some negative critics reaction to his work. In the same year Pelevin was admitted to the Russian Union of Journalists.

In 1996, Znamya published Pelevin's novel "Chapayev and Void." Critics called it "the first Zen Buddhist novel in Russian". The writer himself called it "the first novel which takes place in an absolute vacuum". In 1997 the novel won Russian literary award in science fiction "Strannik" ("Wanderer") and in 2001 it was shortlisted for International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award.

In 1999, Pelevin's novel "Generation P" was published. Over 3.5 million copies have been sold worldwide. The book received a number of awards including German's Richard Schoenfeld prize.

In 2003 Pelevin published the novel "The Dialectics of Transition Period from Out Of Nowhere to Nowhere" or "DTP (NN)", receiving the Apollon Grigoryev Prize in 2003 and the National Bestseller award in 2004. DTP (NN) was also shortlisted for Andrei Bely Prize in 2003.

In 2006 Eksmo published Pelevin's novel Empire V. The novel was shortlisted for Russian Big Book Prize. The text of Empire V appeared on the Internet even before the publication of the novel. Representatives of Eksmo claimed that it was a result of a theft, but some speculated that it was a marketing ploy.

In October 2009 the novel "t" was published. The author received the third award of the fifth season of the Big Book Prize (2009-2010) and won the reader choice vote.

In December 2011, Eksmo released Pelevin's novel S.N.U.F.F. which received the E-book award for "Prose of the Year" in February 2012.

Literary critics noted Pelevin's postmodernism and absurdism styles among Buddhist motifs, esoteric traditions and satirical science fiction. Pelevin books have been translated into many languages including Japanese and Chinese. According to a French Magazine, Pelevin is among the 1,000 most significant people in the contemporary culture. 2009 OpenSpace.ru survey voted Pelevin as the most influential intellectual in Russia.

Pelevin is known for not being a part of the literary crowd, rarely appearing in public or giving interviews and preferring to communicate on the internet. When he gives interviews he talks more about the nature of mind rather than his writings. This gave grounds to various rumours. For instance, that the writer does not exist and Pelevin is actually a name of a group of authors or even a computer. Alexander Gordon (journalist) on "Private Screening" questioned the very existence of the writer Pelevin. In May 2011 it was reported that Pelevin will personally attend the award ceremony SuperNatsBest, it would have been the first appearance of the writer in public. He did not come.

Pelevin has permitted all of his texts in Russian predating 2009 (except P5) to be published on the Internet for non-commercial use. Some novels are also available as audio files in Russian.

Pelevin's prose is usually devoid of dialogue between the author and the reader, whether through plot, character development, literary form or narrative language. This corresponds to his philosophy (both stated[where?] and unstated) that, for the most part, it is the reader who infuses the text with meaning. Typical of Pelevin's ironic style, the novel Babylon ("Generation П" or "Generation P" is the Russian title) bears on its cover the inscription, "Any thought that occurs in the process of reading this book is subject to copyright. Unauthorized thinking of it is prohibited".[citation needed]

In a conversation with BOMB Magazine, Pelevin named Russian author Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita as an early influence on his reading, saying, "The effect of this book was really fantastic. [...] This book was totally out of the Soviet world." Pelevin avoids, however, listing authors who have specifically influenced his writing, for he believes that "the only real Russian literary tradition is to write good books in a way nobody did before."[2]