Terpene Spotlight: Limonene

Modern medical marijuana genetics are more prolific and stronger than ever before. Each strain of medical marijuana has distinct characteristics and traits. This means that each strain has a unique genetic lineage, individual effects, odor, taste and THC content.

Cannabinoid Receptors, referred to as CB1 and CB2, are an essential part of the human body’s endocannabinoid system. The endocannabinoid system consists of cannabinoid receptors all over the body. This system enables a connection between body and mind, signaling to all other systems when something feels good or bad. When the body is defensive against trauma, this system begins to fail, resulting in physical, mental and/or neurological conditions.

The endocannabinoid system also controls most responses within the human system including memory, sensory, neuroendocrine, metabolism, and cognition responses. This system tells humans when they are hungry, tired, scared, sad or happy.

Terpenes appear in abundance within nature, and it’s estimated that over 20,000 terpenes exist within our ecosystems. Every single plant, herb, flower, vegetable and fruit possess terpenes; and each terpene serves a very specific purpose. Terpenes contribute to the characteristic odor and flavor of any plant.

Hundreds of different terpenes have been discovered within the Cannabis plant, and they are generally classified as primary and secondary terpenes, based on how frequent they occur in cannabis. The odor represents a distinction between cannabis varieties which indicates that different plants can offer different benefits.

The terpenes, or terpenoids, form the largest group of phytochemicals, and account for some medicinal properties of cannabis, as well as many medicinal herbs, plants and essential oils. They are the source of flavors, aromas, and other characteristics that help differentiate cannabis strains. Furthermore, it is thought that the terpenes within plants aid in pest-control and as an anti-fungal agent.

Cannabis and its terpenes synchronize their chemical effects by working concurrently. There are over 200 confirmed Terpenes within the plant world, and each plant variety produces a unique effect. Because of Terpenes, each cannabis strain possesses a distinct taste and scent.

Terpenes are aromatic molecules which are produced within the glands of cannabis flowers and buds. Some scents are considered sweet and fruity while other Terpenes are woodsy, pungent, earthy or skunky. While Terpenes give each cannabis strain a unique scent and flavor, these chemical compounds also contribute to the therapeutic effects that patient’s feel.

The terpene limonene is prominent in the rinds of citrus fruits, and the second most commonly occurring terpene in nature.Nutritional Neuroscience published an article which detailed the health effects of Limonene including the analgesic and anti-depression properties. Additionally, limonene has anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant effects.

A2014 study published in the journal Anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry found limonene to be an anti-inflammatory agent and it possessed tissue-repair properties.

A report published in the Journal of Neuro Immuno Modulation revealed that “evidence was found that citrus fragrance can restore the stress-induced immunosuppression, suggesting that citrus fragrance may have an effect on restoring the homeostatic balance.”

As with all medicinal interventions, strains may affect each person and medical condition differently. These descriptions are meant as a guide. Be sure to speak with your medical marijuana physician about their recommendations based on your individual needs and medical conditions.

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