Traditional creationists believe that the universe was created by God.

A separate theory, called Intelligent Design, is one of the more sophisticated alternative theories to evolution, well-known for its support from Lehigh University biochemist Michael Behe. Intelligent Design does not dispute the definition of evolution as "change over time" or, for the most part, that living things are related by common ancestry. However, this group does believe that the natural world is too complex and diverse to have occurred through random processes.

The Discovery Institute, a religious think tank that advocates the theory of Intelligent Design, outlines their own findings of scientific weakness in modern evolutionary science.