A number of independant-minded Italian cities continued to issue coins after their conquest by Rome, using the Roman monetary standards. In almost all cases they were small change issues, indeed often the very smallest of small change. The first such coins were the quartunciae issued by Cales and Cosa with Roman - not Greek - letters. In the case of Cosa, Roman types were used, indeed I always have a close look at any Mars Horsehead Crawford 17 Quartuncia in the hope of finding a coin from Cosa. For much of the third century BC, Italian cities issued Aes Grave with their own types but Roman denominations. At one point during the second Punic war Luceria was apparently issuing its own aes grave types alongside those of Rome to the same weight standard, both marked with the L for Luceria mintmark. A number of examples are in this set. It is not clear what was the purpose of issuing both local and imperial coinage from the same mint as the issues were large, much more than needed to satisfy civic pride. During and after the second Punic war the issues became more standardised with a number of Italian cities striking bronze. Brundisium alone struck on the post-semilibral standard, most were sextantal. There was a pattern of just a few cities striking in large volume whilst many more struck attractive coins in small volumes perhaps for civic purposes. Larinum is an unusual example in using its local Latin (not Roman) alphabet. All cities stopped issuing coins after the social war with the exception of Paestum which continued to issue semisses until early Imperial coins. Also this set includes a couple of Etruscan coins apparently on the Roman standard, a silver 20 As marked XX for 20, and a bronze sextans. There is divergent opinions on these coins and it is worth reading both the opinion of Andrew Burnett in HNI, and of Italo Vecchi.