I wasted a bit of time on this, so I thought I'd save the next guy some
irritation.

I was attempting to write test cases for an activity. Actually, to be
accurate, I was attempting to test some methods inside an activity without
really bothering with the instrumentation, but that's not the point...

I created a JUnit project associated with my target project, created
a new class extending ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2, filled in the expected
boilerplate according to a tutorial video I found, created several test cases,
and then attempted to run the project using the "Debug As..." | "Android JUnit Test".

And nothing happened.

After spinning my wheels trying all kinds of things that seemed to make
sense but didn't change the outcome, I ran across this little tidbit. Instead
of this: