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4.
EU citizens status inEU citizens status in RomaniaRomania
EU citizens can freely move, live and work in Romania,
being entitled to the same rights as the Romanian
nationals. EU nationals can access any professional
activity in Romania, whether as an employee or self-
employed, in terms of salaries, working conditions,
access to housing, professional training, social security
and unions. This freedom of movement extends also to
their family members.
ResidenceResidence permitpermit
European Union citizens can enter into the Romanian territory
under the condition of presenting the national identity
document, the passport or other valid document issued by the
Romanian authorities for the European Union citizens, without
placing the entry stamp by the Border Police.
The family members who are not European Union citizens are
allowed to enter into the Romanian territory presenting a valid
passport and an entry visa (granted on accelerate procedure), exempt
the cases where the requirement of obtaining the visa is repealed
under laws provisions. If the family member is holder of a document
attesting his/her residence on territory of another Member State as
family of an EU citizen, he/she is exempt by the requirement of
obtaining entry visa.
For a stay up to 3 months
EU citizens, who enter in Romania, shall benefit of the residence right
for a period up to 3 months from the date of their entry.
The family members of EU citizens shall be beneficiaries of the same
right of residence.
For a stay longer than 3 months
For a stay longer than 3 months, the EU citizens have to register their
residence to the territorial structures of the Romanian Immigration
Office, if they are in one of the following situations:
 They are employees or authorized self employed, according to the
law;
 They have means of support for themselves and for their family
members;
 They are registered at a private or public institution in Romania,
accredited according to the law, having as main purpose educational
or vocational training activities;
 They are family members of an EU citizen which fulfill one of the
above-mentioned conditions.
Documents attesting the residence longer than 3 months:
 registration certificate for EU citizens (which is issued in the day of
submission the application),
 residence card for family members who are not EU citizens.
Permanent residence
The EU citizens who have a continuous legal residence on Romanian
territory of more than 5 years shall benefit of the right of permanent
residence. The same right shall be granted to residents who are not
EU citizens with a continuous legal stay of more than 5 years, as
family members of a resident or permanent resident who is an EU
citizen.
Documents attesting the permanent residence:
 permanent residence card for European Union citizens
 permanent residence card for family members who are not European
Union citizens
http://ori.mai.gov.ro (The Romanian
Office for Immigration).

5.
How to findHow to find a joba job
According to the actual legislation, the citizens from the EU and EEA countries don’t need a
work authorization in order to work in Romania.
An EU/EEA citizen can obtain information about the vacancies from:
The National Agency for Employment – the Romanian Public Employment Office
If EU/EEA nationals have already moved to Romania, it is worth registering as jobseekers at their nearest
employment office. Information concerning the Romanian labor market and the vacancies can be also
obtained. The unemployed citizens can receive daily unemployment allowance from their country of
departure, registering as jobseekers and bringing the form E 303/U2 at the NAE.
The citizens from the EU / EEA countries can also contact the 43 EURES advisers within each county agency
of employment. On the EURES national website can be found the list with all the vacancies received from EU
employers and the contact dates of the Romanian EURES Advisers.
The EURES network
EURES, the network of the public employment services, offers its services through the European Job Mobility Portal.
On this portal, the EU/EEA citizens can find information on vacancies and on living and working in Romania, plus
information about the Romanian labour market.
The EU/EEA citizens can submit their CV on the portal’s online CV service, which employers can use to seek
suitable candidates for their job vacancies. The portal also provides help with CV drafting, plus tips and links for
jobseeking.
The private placement companies
On the Romanian labour market EU nationals can choose to find a job through private recruitment companies and
temporary private recruitment agencies (accredited by NAE).
The internet
A large number of websites represents a major source of information regarding job vacancies.
The job announcements are posted directly by the employers. The UE/EEA citizens can submit their CV in the data
bases, to be available for the employers.
Many companies and other corporations have their own websites, where the citizens can find information on
vacancies.
The national and regional press
The national and the regional press also carry an abundance of job advertisements.
www.anofm.ro (National
Agency for Employment)
www.eures.anofm.ro (Romanian
EURES website)
http://ec.europa.eu/eures/ (EURES
European portal)
www.ziare.ro (press portal)
www.bestjobs.ro (job
vacancies portal)

6.
Working conditionsWorking conditions
The Labour Code is settling all the individual and collective types of work relations, and it is also controlling the
application of the work related regulations and jurisdictions.
Individual labour contract should include the following elements: the names of the involved parts, the
headquarter of the employer, the job tasks, the specific risks of the job, the hiring data and the type of labour
contract, the period of the annual vacation, the basic income and other incentives, the number of working
hours (daily and weekly) as well the other conditions specific for the work place.
Working time
The full time schedule is of 8 hours per day and 40 per week.
The maximum duration of working time cannot be longer than 48 hours per week, including the supplementary
hours. When the activity is executed in shifts, the working period can be prolonged more than 8 hours per day
and 48 hours per week, if the average of working hours, calculated on a maximum period of 3 weeks, will not
be longer than 8 hours per day and 48 hours per week.
Salary
On the establishment and granting the wage is forbidden any discrimination.
The wage includes the basic wage and different types of supplements (ie. night time working, shift-work,
overtime). The wages are paid above any other financial obligation of the employers.
Minimum gross wage
The minimum gross wage guaranteed at national level is established through Government decision, after
consulting the trade unions and employers’ organizations.
The employer should inform the employees about minimum gross wage at national level. The employer has
the obligation of assuring a wage at least on the level of the minimum gross wage at national level.
The minimum gross wage guaranteed at national level from 1st of January 2010 is 600 LEI (around 140 EURO).
Medium wage
 in September 2010, the medium gross average wage was 1846 LEI (around 429 EURO).
 in September 2010, the medium net average wage was 1340 (around 311 EURO)
www.mmuncii.ro (Ministry of
Labour, Family and Social
Protection)

7.
Accomodation
Estate agents and dealers, a large number of advertising newspapers,
and a variety of websites provide assistance in the search for
accommodation to buy or rent. There are many possibilities depending
on your preferences and budget.
Rental
For renting a flat, it is best to check out the sections dedicated to the
housing market in the newspapers, on the internet or you have to
consult a real estate agent (check in theYellow Pages). The price varies
according to the size of the rented house and its location (the center of
the cities is more expensive ). It`s recommended to sign a lease
(official contract form) with the owner.
Buying a property
There are large variations between property prices in large cities and the
rest of the country. Usually the houses are more expensive in
Bucharest and in resorts. At the acquisition of the house, the documents
should be legalized by a notary office.
In the acquisition procedure, the owner shall make contracts for the
following utilities: electricity, gas, water and heating as well for the
sanitary services. In the case of apartments, the costs for these services
are made through the owners associations.
www.pa.ro (Yellow Pages)
www.imobiliare.ro (Real Estate Agencies)

8.
Social insurance contributions and tSocial insurance contributions and taxationaxation
In Romania, every employee and employer contribute to the
social state insurance budget, to the insurance health fund, to the unemployment
insurance budget as well as to the state budget, through salary taxes,
as it follows:
Year 2010:
 Contribution to the social insurance fund ( pension) for normal
working conditions, meaning :
 10,5% on the gross monthly income realized by the employee;
 20.8 % on the total fund of gross monthly salaries earned by the
employees and paid by the employers.
 Contribution to the unemployment insurance budget, meaning:
 0.5% on the gross monthly salary for the person insured on a
contract basis;
 0,5% on the total fund of monthly gross salaries earned by the
employees and paid by the employers;
 Contribution to the health insurance fund, meaning:
 5,5% on the gross monthly income realized by the employee;
 5,2% on the total fund of the monthly gross salaries realized by the
employees and paid by the employers.
 The tax on salaries and for any kind of gross income is 16%.
There are also other small contributions paid by the employers
(contributions for keeping the employees work booklets, contributions for
risk and accident fund, etc.). The VAT tax is of 24%.
www.mfinante.ro (Ministry of Public Finance)
www.mmuncii.ro (Ministry of Labour, Family and
Social Protection)
www.anofm.ro (National Agency for Employment)
www.cnpas.org (National House of Pensions and
Other Social Insurance Rights )
www.cnas.ro (National Health Insurance House)
www.prestatiisociale.ro (National Agency for
Social Benefits)

9.
Social securitySocial security
In exercising the rules of the social security systems,
the following institutions are involved:
• The Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Protection
• The Ministry of Health,
• The National House of Pensions and Other Rights of
• Social Insurance (NHP),
• The National Agency for Employment (NAE),
• The National Health Insurance House,
• The National Agency for Social Benefits (NASB)
• The Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and
Innovation (MERYI).
The EU/EEA citizens, contributors to the Romanian social
security system have the same rights and obligations
regarding social security as the Romanian citizens.
The main social benefits are:
• maternity and sickness benefits;
• workplace accidents allowance;
• professional illnesses allowance;
• disability allowance;
• old-age and invalidity pensions;
• survivor benefits;
• unemployment benefits;
• family benefits;
• sickness allowance.

10.
The unemployment benefitThe unemployment benefit
The unemployment benefit is granted to the unemployed person for periods of time established differently, according to their contribution
period, as follows:
• 6 months for the persons with a contribution period up to 5 years but not lower than a year;
• 9 months for the persons with a contribution period from 5 to 10 years;
• 12 months for the persons with a contribution period higher than 10 years.
The amount granted monthly is established based on the contribution period, as follows:
• 75% of the basic minimum gross wage at national level, in force at the date of its determination, for persons with a contribution period of at
least one year;
• 75% of the basic minimum gross wage at national level, plus a bonus calculated on the basis of the average monthly basic gross wages from
the past 12 months, to which is applied a different percentage quota, according to the contribution period, as follows:
• 3% for persons with a contribution period of at least 3 years;
• 5% for persons with a contribution period of at least 5 years;
• 7% for persons with a contribution period of at least 10 years;
• 10% for persons with a contribution period of at least 20 years
The graduates of educational institutions and the persons having completed the military service,
who are not employed, are entitled to unemployment benefit which consists of a monthly tax-free
amount representing 50% of the basic minimum gross wage at national level, in force at the date of its
determination.
The persons insured by the unemployment insurance contract have the obligation to pay, monthly, a
contribution to the unemployed insurance budget, representing a quota of 3.25% applied to the
monthly income declared in the unemployment insurance contract.
www.anofm.ro (National Agency for Employment)

11.
PensionsPensions
The Romanian pension system is based on three pillars.
Presently, all economically active age citizens participate in the first
pillar (public pensions system) by paying compulsory dues to the
social insurance system.
The following pension categories are granted in the public system :
 old age pension;
 early retirement pension;
 partial early retirement pension;
 disability pension;
 survivors pension.
In 2009, the standard age for retirement is 58 years and 6
months for women and 63 years and 6 months for men.
Starting with September 2007 an established amount of the 9,5%
contribution for social insurances paid by the employee will be
distributed to the second Pillar of pensions (private pensions fund).
The contribution to a private pension fund chosen by the employee is
compulsory for economically active persons, with the condition of not
overcoming the age of 35 years old and it may be voluntary for
persons aged between 35 and 45 years old.
As opposed to the first two pillars, the third pillar is fully voluntary.
www.cnpas.org (National House of
Pensions and Other Social Insurance
Rights)

12.
Medical insurance andMedical insurance and healthhealth carecare
EU citizens residing in Romania are subject to the same obligations
and enjoy the same benefits under the Romanian legislation as Romanian
nationals.
The health social insurances represent the main financed system of
protecting the population health, system that insures the access to a set
of basic services for the insured persons. The health social insurances
are compulsory.
Anyone who is classified as insured shall be entitled to the benefits
of the system of health care provision in Romania. Use of such services
takes place on the basis of an insurance relationship, based on the
payment of a specified amount of contributions.
The participation in the social insurance system for citizens of EU
Member States may be proved by the European Health Card.
The unique national fund of health social insurances is managed by
the Health Insurances National House (HINH) and by its territorial units. Certain categories of persons
are insured, without paying the insurance contribution:
• the children younger than 18 years or persons younger than 26 years, if they study in university;
• the persons who are persecuted from political reasons; veterans, invalids and war-widows;
• the persons with disabilities who do not earn incomes;
• the pregnant and lying-in women if they do not have incomes or their incomes are under the
economy-wide basic gross wage.
All the persons insured to the health fund benefit from health services such as: medical visits, free
prescriptions and hospitalization.
www.ms.ro (The Health Ministry)
www.cas.ro (The National Health Insurance
House)

13.
Education is free and compulsory for children aged between 6 and 16 in the state schools. Suitably-qualified pupils
can progress to upper secondary education in general secondary schools, grammar schools, professional schools or
vocational institutes.
Education legislation
The legal basis for the higher education is provided by the Educational Act adopted in 1995.
Romania has both public and private higher education institutions.
Higher education is provided in education and research institutions: universities, institutes,
academies, conservatories and university colleges.
Higher education is organised in two types: short-term university education (3 years programs
organized in university colleges), and long-term university education (4-6 years, provided in
universities, academies, conservatories).
The Romanian educational system is based on modern educational strategies and techniques,
sustained by the school practice, according to the objectives of every educational level. In
schools the official language is Romanian, but there are also used minority’s and international
languages.
The national educational system has the following levels:
- pre-school education: junior group, medium group, senior, group and pre-school preparation
group;
- primary education: I-IV class;
- secondary education, that includes:
- Inferior secondary education, organized in two succeeding cycles: gymnasium, the V-VIII
classes and the inferior cycle of high-school or school of arts and handcrafts, the IX-X classes;
- Superior secondary education: the superior cycle of high-school, the XI-XII/XIII, succeeded
in some cases of the addition year;
- upper-secondary education;
- Superior education: university education and post-graduated education.
The school of arts and handcrafts and the addition year constitute the vocational education.
After Romania joined the European Union, the citizens from the states of the European
Economic Area and of the Swiss Confederation have access to every educational form
and levels, in the same conditions as the law provide for the Romanians citizens
including also the tuition fee.
EducationEducation
The recognitionrecognition of diplomas
The institution in charge with the recognition of diplomas is The National Centre of Recognition and Equivalency of Diplomas, institution subordinated to
the Education, Research, Youth and Sports Ministry.
Any document released by a competent authority from a Member State is considered diploma if it refers to training achieved in the UE
or EEA. The diplomas should also be recognized by the competent authority from the Member State with an equivalent level of those
mentioned above, only if it offers the same right to a regulated profession in the Member State.
www.edu.ro
(Education, Research and
Innovation Ministry)
www.europa.eu.int/
Ploteus (
Throughout Portal on
Learning Opportunities Europe)
www.cnred.edu.ro
(The National
Centre of Recognition and
Equivalency of Diplomas)

14.
Cultural and social lifeCultural and social life
Cultural pattern with its specificity can be noticed in all cultural manifestations like
literature, architecture, music, theatre, filmmaking. A special attention must be paid to
Romanian folklore, one of the richest in Europe, part of the Romanian culture, which
constitutes together with other cultural manifestations the voices of authentic Romania.
These voices of many genius creators of Romania succeeded over time to make a "beautiful
country“ become an "unique country" too.
There is a large scale of cultural events such as George Enescu Festival in Bucharest, Fete
de la musique (in cities like Bucharest, Arad, Bacău, Brasov, Iasi, Sibiu), the Medieval
Art Festival in Sighisoara, Mamaia Pop Music Festival, the Golden Stag from Brasov
(pop music festival).
There are opportunities to visit theaters in all cities, though most of them are
located in Bucharest, which also offers the widest selection in terms of number of plays.
Bucharest offers many possibilities for entertainment, like cinemas found all
over the city, Botanical Garden, Theaters, Museums, the Opera (both for music as well
as for the ballet shows). As a result, the art lovers can enjoy wonderful and relaxing
moments.
For sport lovers, Romanian cities offer lots of opportunities with various sports facilities.
Romania offers a rich tapestry of attractions and experiences unique in
Central-Eastern Europe: medieval towns in Transylvania, the world-famous painted
Monasteries in Bucovina, traditional villages in Maramures, the magnificent architecture
of Bucharest, the romantic Danube Delta, fairy-tale castles, the Black Sea resorts, the
majestic Carpathian Mountains, spas and much more.

15.
TransportTransport
The main railway lines converge on the Capital that lies in the South-East of the country. Bucharest is
Romania’s foremost railway node, with 8 main lines leaving from here, most of which are connected to
international routes.
The fluvial traffic on the Danube is very intense and the maritime traffic on the Black Sea is also very
important.
To the railway and river transportation adds the network of public roads in Romania that sum up
198,589 km, including 114 km of highway, 14,696 km of national roads, 36,010 km of county roads, 27,781 km
of communal roads, 22, 328 km of streets in towns and 97,660 km of streets in rural localities. Romania also
possesses a large network of non-public roads that ensures the access of vehicles to any point on this
country’s territory. Like in the railway system, the capital of Romania remains the major road juncture, from
where start the routes towards the four cardinal points, some of which are connected to big European
motorways, such as the E60 from Hamburg, via Oradea and Bucharest, to Constanta.
Beside railways Romania has an extensive network of road and municipal transportation systems,
including airlines. Romania’s main airport is the Henri Coanda International Airport, 10 km away from
Bucharest, which handles 75% of the passenger and goods traffic. At the northern end of Bucharest lies the
Baneasa Airport, which handles especially domestic flights. The internal airlines connect the Capital to
Craiova, Timisoara, Arad, Oradea, Sibiu, Cluj-Napoca, Satu Mare, Baia Mare, Targu Mures, Bacau, Iasi,
Suceava, Tulcea, Caransebes and Constanta. Several international lines connect Bucharest to the other
big cities worldwide. Romania possesses also a fleet of hydroplanes and helicopters.
There is local urban transport in all the cities. In Bucharest there is a subway network, with 4 main lines,
that links 6 districts (ticket price 3 LEI). The ticket price for local buses is affordable. There are a lot of cab
companies in Bucharest. It is recommended to check the price posted on the car doors (the price varies
between 1,3LEI/km and 1,9LEI/km).
The New Driving Code establishes the speed limits: - on the highways – 130 km/hour; national roads
(outside the localities) – 90 km/hour; in the localities is – 50 km/hour.
www.tarom.ro (The Romanian Transport Airlines)
www.mt.ro (Ministry of Transports)
www.voiajcfr.ro (Romanian Railways)
www.ratb.ro (Public transport in Bucharest)