Archive for August 2012

This is a post I wrote that appeared originally over at Onward Search. It’s been fairly well received, and is a good starting point for new UX Designers. Read on.

U.S. News and World Report has named User Experience as one of the hottest careers for this decade. It’s a great job that pays well, offers a lot of interesting opportunities, and is one of the most important roles in today’s digital, connected economy. When you work in an environment that values User Experience, the rewards of great product development are amazing. In essence, you create great products, and, hopefully, earn great successes.

So what’s the best answer to, “How do I break into User Experience?”

Very few people follow the same path into User Experience. Everyone has a different story, and that reflects in the variety of skills many User Experience Designers have when you read their resumes. It’s not like becoming a surgeon, where there’s an expected path laid out for them. User Experience professionals bring all their experience to the table, and that contributes to the products they design.

User Experience isn’t for everyone, and just because you get a degree doesn’t mean you’ll be good at it. Try it out before you jump in the deep end.

Get Educated

Because the field is so new, many of the programs out there shouldn’t be getting the credit they deserve — I’ve met many a designer that talked about how great their program was, but their work didn’t reflect it. I read the bios of some of the people teaching, and they have less experience than the mid-level designers I wouldn’t hire.

Getting that piece of paper is the quickest way to jump start your User Experience career.

Many colleges and universities are now offering Bachelor’s level and Master’s level degrees in Interaction Design and Human Computer Interface Design. HCI is the more advanced version of this (based on design for airplane cockpits during World War II). Carnegie Mellon is recognized as the top school for their design programs.

For other schools, your mileage may vary. Because the field is so new, many of the programs out there shouldn’t be getting the credit they deserve — I’ve met many a designer that talked about how great their program was, but their work didn’t reflect it. I read the bios of some of the people teaching, and they have less experience than the mid-level designers I wouldn’t hire.

However, not all of us can move to Pittsburgh at the drop of a hat.

The alternative is university extension programs.

In this scenario, working professionals take classes and learn the basics of the field over a few months. I’m a west coast guy, so the programs I recommend are UCLA’s Extension Courses, and Cal State Fullerton’s User Experience Design certificate that I advised years ago. Many of the professionals that have taught those classes are ones whom I respect, and some have offered intern programs that require your enrollment in the class as a prerequisite. If you’re a working professional, I would try this first, because spending $600 for a class is much better than spending $30,000/year.

There are also many accelerator programs that educate professionals about usability and user experience design.

Some of the best are Nielson Norman Group’s intensive programs, Cooper’s UX Bootcamps, and Adaptive Path‘s programs. They’re taught by some of the best in the business, but they’re pricey: expect to drop $2,500 in addition to room, board and flights if you don’t live in a major metropolitan area. I’d advise finding local resources before you make this investment.

The value of these programs is more than the nuts and bolts of learning the field.

The schools partner with companies like Microsoft and General Electric so graduates have entry level opportunities to learn Interaction Design from professionals that have done it for years. Some schools, like Stanford, align themselves with alumni programs like Designer Fund to promote interaction design, and the best way to get in is to know people personally.

It’s like getting a MBA: sometimes the real value isn’t the education but the people you meet.

Pivot From Your Current Position

The common thread uniting all these professionals was that they knew how to tell stories, and they used previously gained talents to contribute to their User Experience skill set.

If you look at the careers of many User Experience designers, especially the better ones, they usually come from design or communication related careers.

Dan Saffer, a famous designer, was a writer before getting involved in UX. Two friends of mine, Coburn Hawk and Jon Fox, were in film production and illustration before making the transition. Another, Paul Sherman, was a technologist. Whitney Hess has been a UX designer since graduating from Carnegie Mellon with a double major in HCI and Professional Writing, but was a columnist for several magazines — at the age of 13.

User Experience design is the ability to translate a story (how we engage the user) into a usable experience.

The common thread uniting all these professionals was that they knew how to tell stories, and they used previously gained talents to contribute to their User Experience skill set. Dan and Whitney also went back to school (Carnegie Mellon), to enhance their chances of succeeding in User Experience.

The three easiest careers to pivot from are Print Designer, Web Designer, and Business Analyst.

These careers already involve elements of interaction design, even if that is not immediately apparent. Usage of space, design, and the managing of requirements are very important in translating those skills to Interaction Design.

However, I’ve seen people move from these careers:

Web Producers and Engineers have a core understanding of how websites work.

Recruiters know the position and the market, can communicate well, and can sell.

Copywriters already have the communication skills and understand marketing.

Journalists have great research and writing skills.

Each has skills in other fields that translate well over to Interaction Design. All they have to do is fill in some holes.

I interviewed a candidate recently, and before she was a product manager, she worked extensively in Human Resources. That’s experience that no degree will teach you, and might even give you a leg up on other candidates. Not all User Experience jobs need a Masters, and saying that disregards the great experience many professionals have.

The advantage of pivoting is that you can use your domain knowledge into User Experience, and that makes you invaluable.

When I was editor of a community newspaper years ago (another pivot), I got a great piece of advice from a writer I worked with. He said that they didn’t have writing degrees in England because the ability to communicate was expected, but you had to have knowledge in a domain to be of value. The best journalists had degrees in Finance or Business and were able to translate that knowledge into great content.

Build Your Own Idea or Something For Someone Else

The best way to get something in that portfolio is to either build an idea yourself, or walk into a non-profit and volunteering. It could be interning, or even volunteering. Instead of getting retail rate for your skills you’re getting experience and an education, which is a long-term investment.

I covered this at my blog, Seven Tips How To Get Started In User Experience. What most User Experience designers need before applying for a job is a portfolio, and no one’s going to give you that. The best way to get something in that portfolio is to either build an idea yourself, or walk into a non-profit and volunteering. It could be interning, or even volunteering. Instead of getting retail rate for your skills you’re getting experience and an education, which is a long-term investment.

I have met designer after designer that followed this approach. It lead to great experiences and eventually better paying work.

My favorite is Erin Moore, who I met in a random meeting last year. She interned at Twitter after going back to school to get a masters degree in the field. She has some great stories that will lead to even better gigs. Another student, Morgan Davis, is working with a friend of mine on a competitive analysis project. For his time, we’re going to work on turning it into his first User Experience deliverable he can put in his portfolio.

When you build something yourself you can try different ideas and learn on your own time without affecting anyone else.

There’s seemingly a million blogs out there that talk about interaction design, and a wealth of resources that you can learn from. This is the golden age of self serve tools, and one of the best out there is Code Academy. They give you a bunch of courses to start with. You can learn the skills you need to build websites and get a feeling if you like it or not.

Building something for someone else is great because you have something tangible that can be used in the wild.

Craigslist, Volunteer Match and even Yelp are great places to look for opportunities with non-profits, and sometimes all it takes is a personal introduction or some networking to find the right person to talk to. Even commercial companies are always looking for talent.

Network for opportunities

Designers are an odd sort: we’re typically introverted, but see social media as a great way to interact and engage with other designers so they can learn about their field.

User Experience designers love to talk. And talk. And talk. Kind of.

Where do they talk? Twitter.

Twitter is the new channel for business engagement.

There are thousands (literally) of User Experience designers that use it to talk about what they read, what they like, and to promote their work. Designers are an odd sort: we’re typically introverted, but see social media as a great way to interact and engage with other designers so they can learn about their field.

Going to meetups and events like SkillShare can help expose you to other designers so you can break into the field. Follow people other than designers: many companies don’t know they don’t need User Experience or don’t know what it is. If you follow marketing people, engineers and other technology types, an opportunity might present itself. Start a conversation with them, and it might lead to something cool.

And always have a story to tell, because we are storytellers.

Talk about the projects you like working on, or what you’re building. If you start a conversation with, “I don’t know how to get in the field,” that’s really a bad place to start. The first skill Interaction Designers must have is research, and you aren’t doing that, then maybe this isn’t the field for you.

A lot of UX Designers are fooling themselves when they claim they are UX Designers.

They don’t have a process.

They don’t do testing.

They don’t do research.

They just jump straight into wireframes.

They jump straight into Photoshop mocks.

They produce shiny deliverables, not effective communication tools.

Sometimes, our environments don’t allow us to do it (i.e. the agency that has billable time for wireframes, but not for ethnographic research). Sometimes, we just don’t do it because we have so many other things to do (i.e. product development where we are working with 10 developers, and have 200 pages to wireframe). Sometimes, we don’t do it just because.

The passion is there to create great products, but it disappears when you need to gather all those details that are needed to create great products.

Just because I can imagine great user experiences doesn’t make my designs right.

Ah, where do I start? User experience, the ultimate goal. What all designers strive for. It’s what I’ve been thinking about a lot – but that ultimately is the problem. This user experience all lives in my head – and I haven’t really spent time with actual users on what *their* experiences will be like. I’m not the user, nor will I ever be one. While it’s great for coming up with ideas, my ideas still need to be tested against other people’s perspectives, and I haven’t done that.

If I blame the project or the place I work, maybe the fault is in my ability to convince or advocate for user-centeredness. Even without the support, I should still be doing guerilla testing but I admit giving way to an internal culture.

So I’ve done very little user testing. Or upfront research. Or even surveys or interviews. Or just asking people at their desks. Plus, it’s worse that I know how to do this stuff and still don’t do it.

…

But somehow, it’s not enough. Nor will it ever be. And where I’m aiming to go, unicorns and one-size-fits-all don’t seem to make sense. Maybe someday, I’ll find something I can identify with. But for now, I don’t think I can quite call myself a UX designer, because it’s getting harder to identify what I do as wholly UX. For what it’s worth, I am doing bits within UX – but I can’t claim fame to all of it.

Problem is, I’m not sure what I am anymore, or what I should be focusing on. After some thought, I think I align most with “interaction design” than any of the other disciplines (UX is not a discipline). My title as “information architect” bears some truth – I do practice IA at work (which designer that deals with information doesn’t?) but the extent to which I practice IA doesn’t give me confidence to call myself one.

I get a lot of emails from new designers asking, “Where should I start?” Getting that first job is the hardest thing in UX, because it requires you to find someone willing to take a chance on you.

But if you do find that someone, you can learn great things from your experience.

I tell new designers to go work for an agency right away because you get a lot of brands on your resume, and you learn how to do things fast. Agencies are always on deadline, and that’s a good thing for learning time management. Not everyone agrees, but it’s a good discussion point.

Christina Wodtke covers this in a blog post over at Elegant Hack. It is a great read.

Consulting makes you a fox, inhouse makes you a hedgehog. Big companies teach you to focus on your craft, little companies teach you how to run a business. It is incredibly useful for you, you designer, to try out as many as you can. You will learn a huge number of tools, and you will learn about yourself. And then you can make some choices about what you want to do.

…

My final piece of advice: ignore all of this if you fall in love. You see a company you adore, you frigging join it. Because you are young and you have a get-out-of-jail-free card while you don’t have a spouse and kids and a mortgage. You cannot ruin your life unless you get thrown in jail, or alienate everyone by being a jerk (and I’m not even sure about the second, thinking of a few CEO’s I know).

There is no bad choice for you, there is only your choice. I just recommend you give yourself a chance and find out what you love.

Most of the body copy and other elements that are dark on pages are actually dark grey, not black. Black overpowers. This article explains it.

Black overpowers everything else.

When you put pure black next to a set of meticulously picked colors, the black overpowers everything else. It stands out because it’s not natural. All of the “black” everyday objects around you have some amount of light bouncing off of them, which means they aren’t black, they’re dark gray. And that light probably has a tint to it, so they’re not even dark gray, they’re colored-dark gray.

Lots of the apps we use on a daily basis have blacks that aren’t really blacks, but dark grays. Twitter’s sidebar, Sublime Text 2’s sidebar if you have Soda Dark installed (which you should!), new Photoshop’s background, the calendar widget. Even Twitter Bootstrap. They all use colors close to black, but slightly muted so they don’t overpower the rest of the elements on the screen.

Quora turned this on, and you have to opt-out. I personally don’t want everyone knowing what I read on Quora. There’s some semi-confidential stuff posted there, and it could raise some red flags from people who are on the site.

Being quiet strengthens focus. It’s hard to focus on the task at hand when you yourself are making so much noise. The other team, who participated in the clamming wars, never took their eye off the prize. Our team, on the other hand, did a happy dance in the sand every time we hit pay dirt. In retrospect, this was probably valuable time wasted.

Being quiet calms others. Quiet people have the ability to calm those around them. For example, when everyone is stressing out because it looks like a team isn’t going to meet their deadlines, it’s usually the quiet people who are able to calm people down and carry them over the finish line.

Being quiet conveys confidence. You don’t have to prove anything to anyone when you are confident. You know you do a good job and you believe that eventually others will take notice.

Being quiet means you think before you speak. Quiet people are usually thoughtful thinkers. They think things through before making a statement. Something you probably wish many of your workers would do before taking up your valuable time.

Being quiet gives you the space to dig deep. Quiet people tend to delve into issues and ideas before moving on to new ones. Compare this to the surface people in your organization, who often move onto other matters without giving thought to the gold that may be sitting right below the surface.

I’ve been on a lot of interviews for jobs, and conducted a lot of interviews (building a team to 25 will do that for you). I had a lot of insight to the hiring process before I joined my current day job. At least getting in the door to talk to them is much easier than you think for most positions.

This article is spot on with the reasons why you didn’t get the interview, and underscores why personal referrals matter so much in getting the job you want.

About sending resumes to a general email address:

Résumés to jobs@blackholeofdeath: The problem here isn’t that your résumé or application was flawed, it’s just that nobody has read it. Sending to hr@ or jobs@ addresses is never ideal, and your résumé may be funneled to a scoring system that scans it for certain buzzwords and rates it based on the absence, presence and frequency of these words. HRbot apocalypse.

Solution: Do some research to see if you know anyone who works/worked at the company, even a friend of a friend, to submit the résumé. Protip: Chances are the internal employee may even get a referral bonus. LinkedIn is a valuable tool for this. Working with an agency recruiter will also help here, as recruiters are typically sending your information directly to internal HR or hiring managers.

This isn’t affiliated at all with UX Week, but it’s an excuse to get together. Meet up with other designers and have a drink for all the reasons we need to drink. Hosted by Patrick Neeman, Director of User Experience at Jobvite and curator of the UX Drinking Game. The first five attendees that have downloaded the iPhone Application will get a free drink.

Other participants will be listed here as they register.

It’s an easy cab ride from Union Square

Tony Nik’s is a classy place, so be classy

There’s a bunch of places nearby that are cool, because it’s North Beach