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This quantity comprises 17 chosen papers reflecting the flavor of the Norwegian Petroleum Society convention on hydrocarbon seals quantification and exhibiting the hot major advances within the figuring out and alertness of hydrocarbon seal methodologies.Three large different types are coated during this publication: methodologies addressing cap-rock integrity, methodologies on the subject of fault seal and case experiences either from the hydrocarbon basins of Northwestern Europe and within the kind of outcrop examples. With the North Sea, Norwegian Sea and Atlantic Margin relocating alongside their respective basin adulthood and improvement curves, exploration is being pressured deeper into excessive pressure/high temperature terrains, whereas exploitation and improvement calls for better precision and realism in reservoir simulations to maximize drilling techniques to extend box lifestyles. In all cases the necessity for predictive instruments and methodologies that tackle the integrity and behavior of most sensible and lateral (fault) seals to hydrocarbon traps, either within the static and dynamic nation, were pointed out as key probability components and this is often mirrored during this quantity.

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If the crust does not respond to the stress by faulting, then the low compressibility of the crustal rocks relative to the sediments will result in an insignificant transfer of crustal stress to these sediments, as pointed out by Bj0rlykke and H0eg (1997). Responses to stress Principles Rocks respond to stress changes through either ductile or brittle deformation. The deformation mode is determined by the relationship between stress anisotropy generation and stress anisotropy dissipation. Brittle deformation is favored if the stress changes are rapid and large and the rocks themselves are brittle, while softer rocks will more frequently respond to stress changes by ductile deformation.

This process will hence decrease the probability for preservation of a significant hydrocarbon column. Hydrofracturing is favored in rocks with isotropic stress and significant tensile strength (for fracturing criteria, see Secor, 1965). As detailed in Appendix C, it is suggested that hydrofracturing is a less common process than shear failure in sedimentary basins. Rapid stress changes through time Viscous rock behavior work to even out stress anisotropy. As such processes are time-dependent (Fig.