Alopecia, or hair loss, occurs in both human and nonhuman primates. Although often considered a welfare issue in nonhuman primates, alopecia is a complex condition that can also be affected by variables that are not directly associated with welfare. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of pregnancy on alopecia in female baboons housed in breeding groups. The subjects were 238 socially-housed adult female baboons of which 70 were pregnant, 58 were nursing infants, and 110 were controls. Alopecia was assessed on a 0-5 scale when the animals were sedated during routine physicals. Alopecia scores ranged from 0-3 (median = 1). Additional variables assessed included weight, age, season, age and sex of infant (nursing females), and sex of fetus and days prior to birth (pregnant females). There was a significant effect of pregnancy on alopecia. Alopecia was more prevalent in pregnant than in control females (b = -0.852, P < 0.05), but there was no difference between nursing and control females. Nursing females with female infants also had more alopecia than those with male infants (b = -2.159, P < 0.01). No other variables were significant. These results suggest that in captive female baboons, alopecia may be more greatly affected by pregnancy and nursing than other intrinsic or extrinsic variables. Supported by P51OD011133.