Aiming at the problem that the asphalt pavement is prone to early crack and reduces its service life, the response of transverse and longitudinal surface vertical cracks under moving loads is studied based on fracture mechanics theory. By means of 3D numerical simulation with the general finite element software package ABAQUS, the change law of stress intensity factor kⅡ of transverse and longitudinal surface crack under moving vehicle load are deeply analyzed and some conclusions are drawn, which contribute to further research on the propagation behavior of asphalt pavement surface crack in service condition, and will provide some guidance for the maintenance and rehabilitation of asphalt pavement.