1-phosphorfructokinase (a soluble enzyme) has been isolated from this anaerobe by ultrasonic treatment. A 25 ml suspension was sonified for 10 minutes and centrifuged at 36,000 xg for 10 minutes.

Baker’s Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae)

See Yeast.

Blastomyces Dermatitidis

95% disruption in 3 minutes.

Blood Cells

Red and white cells can be disrupted in a few seconds.

Boll Weevil Tissue

Complete homogenization in a few seconds.

Bone

Compact bone can be sonified and processed for microscopic sections in minutes. Other methods can require up to a week. Bone specimens treated in this way yielded large numbers of intact cells with little distortion. Malignant criteria are easily recognized. Tumor types studied were: osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, liposarcoma, chordoma, metastic bronchogenic squamous and benign giant. Bone can be decalcified without injury to the cells, processed for microscopic sections, and diagnosed in a short time. Other methods require extensive treatment time.

Brain Stem And Adrenal Gland

Ultrasonic treatment dispersed 10 mg samples in 10 ml fluid, which is usually difficult without substantial loss of material. The suspension was analyzed for nucleotides.

Brain Tissue

Disintegrates instantly.

Brevi Bacterium

25 ml disrupts in 20 seconds.

Brevi Bacterium Acetylicum

Approximately 3 minutes to disrupt large samples and measure TCA enzyme activity.

Less than 30 seconds of ultrasonic treatment resulted in release of TCA enzymes.

Diplococcus

Completely disrupts in 5 minutes.

Dna

Breaks chains on low power instantly. Controlled degradation may be obtained.

Dyes

Excellent rapid dispersion and homogenization.

E. Coli.

2 gm wet weight in 10 ml solution completely disrupts in 40 seconds. The Sonifer Cell Disruptor has been used extensively in research on this organism.

Egg Whites

Can be reduced to a homogeneous pipettable solution in 15 seconds on low power.

Ehrlich Ascites

Disrupts in a few seconds.

Electron Microscopy

Apertures are quickly cleaned.

Emulsions

10 ml of most light mixtures become semi-permanent emulsions in about 1 minute without emulsifiers. Average particle size is usually well under 1 micron. Sterile emulsions can be prepared by ultrasonic treatment for feeding to germ-free animals.

Ultrasonic treatment causes a reproducible change in the electrophoretic behavior of normal human serum consisting of an increase in material migrating in the x and b globulin zones with a reduction in the albumin and y globulin fractions.

The mucous in sputum can be evenly dispersed, giving a quick representative sample of cells for cytologic examination. Cells are liberated from the mucous of sputum that had been immersed in 50% alcohol or a fixative.

Ragweed Pollen

15 ml dispersion completely disintegrates in 11 minutes.

Rat Bone

1/2 gm disintegrates in 4 minutes.

Rat Liver

Complete disruption in 3 minutes.

Rat Liver Mitochondria

Ultrasonic treatment has been used extensively for the varied research performed on this material. Disruption occurs in seconds.

Excellent for disaggregation of sedimentary rock and for cleaning material rock surfaces between polishing stages.

S. Faecalis

Excellent disruption in 1 minute.

S. Fragilis

5 minutes yielded excellent release of galactokinase, more than any other method. Subcellular particles may be extracted or disrupted.

Saliva Glands

Complete disruption.

Salmonella

Various culture media or phosphate buffered saline disintegrated between 40 and 50% in 10-20 minutes. Sonifying was one step in an improved assay for enzyme thiogalactosize transacetylase.

Salmonella Typhimurium And Enteritidis

Bacteria were suspended in 1/300 volume of original culture, sonified for 4 minutes and centrifuged for 20 minutes at 20,000 g. Extracts were found to catalyze the synthesis of cytidine diphosphate 3, 6-dideozyhexoses.

Scholasticism Mansion

Complete disruption.

Sedimentary Rock

Completely disperses flocs with the release of all bound silt and clay particles.

May be separated or broken depending on power selection and length of time.

Sulfanilamide

Excellent dispersion in less than 1 minute. Continued ultrasonic treatment will produce complete disruption.

Sulfapyridine

Excellent dispersion in less than 1 minute. Continued ultrasonic treatment will produce complete disruption.

Synovial Fluid

Ultrasonic treatment is an excellent means of reducing fluid viscosity. It is simpler and faster than using hyaluronidase.

T. Pyriformi

Excellent disruption, 8 enzymes released.

Tablets

Complete disruption in 2-40 seconds, depending on type.

Tea

Excellent extraction.

Tetrahymena

Disrupts in a few seconds. Enzymes which have been monitored include: succinate, lactate, B-hydroxy butyrate, glutamate and DPNH oxidases, DPNH-cytochromeC, reductase and ribonuclease. Activity of DPNH oxidase was twice that of the best previous experiments.

Themoactinomyces

Disruption of hyphae. Homogenization of protein complex without denaturation.

Thermophile Negative

Good disruption within 2 minutes.

Thermophilic Bacillus

Isocitrate lyase was extracted from a spore-forming bacillus similar to Stearothermophilus. A washed cell paste suspended in a phosphate buffer was sonified 1-2 minutes and the supernatent was used for enzyme experiments without further treatment. Extracts could be frozen and stored without loss of activity.

Thiouric Acid

Dissolved in a few seconds.

Thymus Cells

Complete disruption in 15 seconds.

Tissue Culture Cells

Complete disruption in a few seconds. To avoid damage to free organelles and to obtain intact lysosomes, use low power at short exposure.

Toxin And Antitoxin

One example of many: Toxin preparations of whole cell lysate (WCL) of the Inaba serotype strain 569E of the classic biotype of cholera vibrio were grown on 3% Bacto peptane agar and harvested in distilled water at 18 hours. The unwashed suspensions were solubilized ultrasonically, clarified by centrifugation and the supernate freeze-dried for the titration of cholare toxin in the rabbit ileal loop.