Essentially, a hyperspectral image is one derived of hundreds of spectral bands, taken simultaneously. These bands extend beyond the paltry “visible spectrum” that humans experience and include the near-infrared and shortwave infrared wavelengths. Every material will reflect these wavelengths differently, creating individual “spectral signatures”. If the signature is recognised, the substance can be identified using as little as one pixel from the image. Per Raytheon:

Originally developed as part of the ARTEMIS (Advanced Responsive Tactically Effective Military Imaging Spectrometer) satellite system, these sensors have been used by the Air Force since June of last year and can provide actionable intelligence to fighters on the ground within minutes of sensor tasking.

Now that they’re being adapted for use in UAVs, including bigger optics and systems to compensate for atmospheric disturbances, these sensors could radically change the way UAVs are employed – in everything from legitmate crop monitoring and drug interdiction to identifying smugglers tunnels and the composition of haz-mat spills. Even if we can’t see what’s going on, these sensors will.