7.2 The varying experiences of the Stolen GenerationsDreamtime: the time of the creation of the earth, living things and the beginning of knowledge, from which emerged the laws, values and symbols important to Aboriginal society. Stolen Generations: term used to describe the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders who, while children, Australian state and federal governments forcibly removed from their families. The term usually refers to those taken during the period from about 1910 to around 1970. For most Australians, the family unit is where people should be cared for, protected and educated in the behaviour and customs of their society and culture. In Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families, feelings of kinship are also important. Kinship involves special bonds that link an individual to the extended family group. It includes an understanding of the value of sharing and being able to rely on the support of family members and those who understand the Dreamtime. Kinship also involves respect for elders who pass on the important traditions, values and stories within Indigenous culture and who serve as role models for younger members. By the late 1980s, there were more than 100 000 people of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent who had: sõ lost their links with family and land sõ lost their understanding of kinship sõ missed out on being educated in the language, culture and traditions of their people. They are the Stolen Generations — Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders who, while children, Australian state and territory governments separated from their families, usually by forcibly removing them.

SOURCE 7.14 An extract from the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission’s (HREOC) report, Bringing Them Home — Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from Their Families, 1997 (see pages 266–7) indigenous: the term used to describe the ‘ﬁrst peoples’ of a particular country. Since the 1980s the Commonwealth Government has deﬁned an indigenous person in Australia as ‘a person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent who identiﬁes as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander and is accepted by the community with which he or she is associated’. Nationally we can conclude with conﬁdence that between one in three and one in ten indigenous children were forcibly removed from their families and communities in the period from approximately 1910 until 1970. In certain regions and in certain periods the ﬁgure was undoubtedly much greater than one in ten. In that time not one family has escaped the effects of forcible removal (conﬁrmed by representatives of the Queensland and WA Governments in evidence to the Inquiry). Most families have been affected, in one or more generations, by the forcible removal of one or more children.

SOURCE QUESTIONS
1 Identify the estimated percentage of Indigenous children forcibly removed from their families

during the period from about 1910 to around 1970.
2 Outline two ways in which this practice has affected Indigenous families.

Government policyOn average, Australian governments removed about one in 300 white children from their families in the twentieth century. People began removing Indigenous children from their families not long after the arrival of Europeans in 1788. State governments began to systematically remove Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their parents towards the late nineteenth century and continued doing so until the late twentieth century. They: sõ established laws (‘Protection’ Acts) to empower them to do this sõ established Protection Boards to administer this policy sõ gave power to police and Protection Ofﬁcers to implement it sõ took over from parents their roles as legal guardians of their children. A minority of politicians expressed concern that these laws and practices amounted to ‘stealing’ children. Some argued that these children would be exploited as...

...How does the film RabbitProofFence and the picture book The Rabbits, by Phillip Noyce and John Marsden respectively, position a responder to feel sympathetic for the Aboriginal people in the film and book?
The Aboriginal people of Australia have endured great suffering since white settle began in 1788. Despite this, they have shown both resilience and determination to maintain their cultural identity. Phillip Noyce'sRabbitProofFence examines such suffering through its portrayal of three indigenous girls who were victims of the stolen generations in Western Australia. The film aligns itself with an Aboriginal perspective to demonstrate how prejudiced views about race held last century in Australia led to discriminatory actions. Additionally, the film presents the Aboriginal people as having a definite culture and sense of belonging, which positions a responder to sympathise with the way they were treated by the authorities of the time. Likewise, John Marsden and Shaun Tan's picture book The Rabbits also evokes a sympathetic response through its allegorical depictions of the brutal treatment the aborigines experienced during the process of white settlement and colonisation.
Prejudice invariably leads to discriminatory actions. Noyce's RabbitProofFence shows this through its portrayal of 2 sisters and their...

...Essay on RabbitProofFence
The film RabbitProofFence is reminiscent of a war story as the country has been invaded and taken over. The invaders are taking away the children and placing them in camps. Only three manage to escape on their epic journey home they must cross through enemy occupied territory, never knowing friend from foe.
The movie RabbitProofFence and the book The Stolen Children: their stories edited by Carmel Bird aims to impose its values and attitudes on the responder, which compels the viewer to adopt this perspective, thus leading to a change. Both these texts use the language of empathy to impose their perspectives on their audience. This is effectively achieved through the use of a visual and oral medium as it allows the director to use empathetic language thus allowing the audience to enhance the power of understanding and imaginatively entering into another person’s feelings. There are many techniques used to enable the audience to embrace this perspective.
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Phillip Noyce, director of RabbitProofFence not only portrays the colonial setting of the time but also treats the story with respect and understanding of the cultural protocols that are required. The Film...

...RabbitProofFence (2002)
“Three little girls. Snatched from their mothers' arms. Spirited 1,500 miles away. Denied their very identity. Forced to adapt to a strange new world. They will attempt the impossible. A daring escape. A run from the authorities. An epic journey across an unforgiving landscape that will test their very will to survive. Their only resources, tenacity, determination, ingenuity and each other. Their one hope, find therabbit-prooffence that might just guide them home. A true story.”
(IMDB, Anonymous Review)
This movie takes place in Australia in the 1940s and 1950s. The movie is based on a true story that details how white people took Aborigines from their families and attempted to breed them into white people. The movie details the journey of three girls violently taken from their mothers and taken miles away to camps where they would be forced to conform to the white population. Race and white supremacy are prevalent themes, as well as the struggle for power.
Through RabbitProofFence one is able to see the first hand negative effects of social stratification and cultural imperialism in a society. Moreover, social stratification is the ranking of people in a society. In RabbitProofFence one’s race plays a key role in their ranking. Race is a convenient...

...after many years. The film, RabbitProofFence communicates and connects deeply with the viewers’ knowledge, response and feelings deeply towards the injustice of the Stolen Generation. RabbitProofFence, sympathises the viewer with the Aborigines, sharing the atmosphere of hopeless, powerlessness and loss, bringing out its significance in its message. The power of sympathy, kinship, bonds and injustice were used throughout the film to bias the viewers. RabbitProofFence focuses on many of these techniques repeatedly to highlight this, including suitable background music, camera angles, symbolic, realism and audio codes. The most dramatic scene which biases most viewers was the scene when Constable Riggs seized 3 innocent half-caste girls off their unwilling relatives under the permission of a legal document. Already, this sort of action carried out in this part screams out ‘injustice’ to the audiences’ response. However, there were many more techniques in this scene which captures the audience’s sympathy and encourage hope for the half-caste girls to escape and arrive back into the arms of true freedom and happiness, and the security of their family.
The film is set in Australia in the 1930s, and begins in a remote town of Jingalong where 3 children, sisters Molly Craig and Daisy Kadibil, lived contented and satisfactorily with their mother,...

...Rabbit-ProofFence
* How do the filmmakers begin the film and engage us in the story and at the beginning of the film what do you think you are seeing at first?
The Australian film based on the true story about “The Stolen Generation” titled “Rabbit-ProofFence” begins with a brief written summary about the Australian Aborigines Act of 1931. This historical information is just enough to really grasp the viewer’s curiosity before moving on to what is initially, the unidentifiable aerial footage of the endless desert plains of Australia. This is footage is only further complicated by the voice of an unknown women speaking in an unfamiliar language and the native sounding instruments fading in slowly from the background. At first, I was unsure of the geographical location, thinking it was possibly that of a sandy or muddy beach. It then crossed my mind that perhaps I had mistakenly selected a non-English version of the film which would explain the foreign language, but not the English text at the beginning. It wasn’t until the view included the unmistakably blue sky along the horizon of the desert that the location became completely recognizable and my previous thoughts were extinguished.
* What impressions do you gain of life in the desert Aboriginal community?
Living among nothing more than the dry and dusty Australian plains scattered with sagebrush and a few desert trees, the...

...Journeys notes
RabbitProofFence
Film, Phillip Noyce director, 3 half caste girls taken from their family to be assimilated, 1200 mile journey home
Journeys can be forced upon you by others
Being forced into the car
- reaction shots of girls and family, horror of force
- close up facial shots of girls, distant family – filmed through glass to show separation
Journeys can be intimidating and threatening
Girls in cage- Molly looking up at guard.
Point of view shot showing bars and to imply the imposing nature of people facilitating change.
Called to front of assembly- shallow sharp breathing, heart beat, signs of molly’s vulnerability.
Mr. Neville’s unfamiliar face looking down on molly- camera from molly’s POV.
Mr. Neville Threat to molly’s world
Narrowing path low level camera angle- threatening
Here are many obstacles to overcome during a journey
Terrain- long shot convey harshness and enormity of landscape
Girls collapse camera pans away from girls to show them as merely a speck in the vast landscape.
Physical endurance- long shots of landscape continuing on and on.
People tracking girl’s down-
Moodoo- minimal dialogue reinforces molly’s strength of character and longing to return home. “She pretty clever that girl. She wants to go home”
Neville- maps and ordered comfortable office juxtaposition to girls
Shots different to documentary style of camera dollying following girls, stationary at...

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RabbitProofFence � Directed by Phillip Noyce (001)
The film RabbitProofFence is reminiscent of a war story as the country has been invaded and taken over. The invaders are taking away the children and placing them in camps. Only three manage to escape on their epic journey home they must cross through enemy occupied territory, never knowing friend from foe.
The movie RabbitProofFence and the book The Stolen Children their stories...