The Life of Victor Jara

September 23, 1932-September 16(?), 1973

Victor Jara is an extremely important influence on the music and culture of
Chile. His life was a reflection of his country, of the tumultuous times in
which he lived, and of his personal philosophies. Victor Jara began his life in
a small town of Chile and with his music talent and great love for the people of
Chile, became one of the best-known and most influential musical figures of
Latin America.

Victor Jara was born in Loquen, Chile, a small town outside of Santiago. His
parents were rural farmers – his father, Manuel, worked as a simple labourer
while his mother, Amanda, performed many odd jobs to make money for the family.
Victor Jara’s father had a drinking problem, and their home was often not
happy because of the many fights when Victor’s drunken father used to hit
Amanda. After some years of this unhappiness, Victor’s father moved to the
countryside to work as a farmer, and Amanda was left on her own to raise Victor
Jara and his brothers and sisters. She was an extremely hard worker, and in the
words of Victor Jara, her optimistic outlook on life gave strength to the
family. She was an extremely important part of Victor Jara’s life. She sang
and played the guitar, and taught Victor to play the guitar and also taught him
many traditional folk songs of Chile. The time he spent with his mother had a
great influence on his musical style.

Amanda had a great belief in the power of education, so when Victor finished
elementary and high school he began studying accounting. Sadly, Amanda died when
Victor was only 15 years old. He left his accounting studies and entered into
the seminary. He was very sad over the death of his mother, and also believed
that the profession of a priest was the most important in the world. But after
two years, he became disenchanted with religion, and left to join the army for a
few years. After this he returned to Lonquen, but had no job or prospects and
thus began to study the folk music of Chile with a group of friends. During this
time he developed an interest in theatre, and began to study acting in the
School of Theatre in the University of Chile. There he showed an inclination
towards directing, and after his acting degree was completed, he began in the
directing programme. During these years and in the future, Victor Jara
participated in countless theatre productions. He was also beginning to further
sing and study folk music when he first met Violeta Parra. She was an extremely
talented singer and artist, an admirer of the traditional music and instruments
of Chile, and the owner of a small cafe in Santiago. Victor began to help in
this cafe, and soon began singing more and more. During this time he also began
to get involved in the politics of Chile. In 1966, he made his first solo disc,
self titled ‘Victor Jara.’ In the following years he continued as a theatre
director but began to spend more and more time with his songs and political
activities. Finally, in 1970, he left the life of the theatre to spend all of
his time working for the people of Chile through his songs.

The songs of Victor Jara are filled with his thoughts on the simple people of
Chile. He had a great love for the hard working people of small towns and
villages, and many of his songs celebrate the lives of these people. Also,
because of his great love for his country, many of his songs attack injustices
in society or political scandals. Victor Jara is an essential part of the great
Latin American musical movement known as ‘Nueva Cancion’ or New Song. This
movement is involved with many revolutionary activities in Latin America, and
all of the artists of Neuva Cancion share many common goals and thoughts.
Finally, Victor Jara’s political ideas were an extremely important part of his
songs. He believed in the general communist philosophy, like many progressive
singers of Latin America, because of its promises to better the lives of poor
people.

You can see the devotion of Victor Jara to his political ideals most strongly
in his support of the presidency of Salvador Allende in 1973. Allende was a part
of the Popular Unity party (a subsection of the Communist Party of Chile) and
Victor Jara, along with other Chilean singers, gave concerts in favour of
Allende and his political goals. Allende was a progressive candidate who had a
great love for the people of the small towns of Chile. The Popular Unity party
had plans to increase education, and to supply increased housing and free
socialized medical care. One of the concerts representative of this campaign for
Allende was the concert given in the Stadium of Chile, where many political
artists sang in favour of Allende. In the end, the Allende campaign was a
success, and he was elected president of Chile, after some political compromise
and manoeuvering. However, there was much opposition to the election of Allende
and the military organized a coup to overthrow the newly placed president. In
the resulting coup, Allende was killed and the military seized control of the
government. On the day of this tragedy, Victor Jara was at his job in the State
Technical University, which was surrounded by the military, who took Victor Jara
prisoner for five horrible days. During these days, he was forced to live in
cold and dirty prisons without proper food or water, but other prisoners there
with him testify that during these sufferings, he was only concerned with the
welfare of his fellow prisoners.

Finally, the military brought Victor Jara and other political prisoners to
the Stadium of Chile, the place where the concert for Allende has previously
been held. There the military men tortured and killed many people. They broke
Victor Jara’s hands (Note: many stories indicate that Victor Jara’s hands
were cut off, but Joan Jara’s book about Victor indicates that when she saw
him after his death, his hands were broken, so that is the version being used in
this essay) so that he couldn’t play his guitar, and then taunted him to try
and sing and play his songs. Even under these horrible tortures, Victor Jara
magnificently sang a portion of the song of the Popular Unity party. After this,
he received many brutal blows, and finally was brutally killed with a machine
gun and carried to a mass grave.

After his horrible death Joan Jara, the wife of Victor, was shown to his body
and gave him a proper funeral and burial. Because of all of the problems in
Chile following his horrible coup, she was forced to leave the country in secret
with tapes of Victor Jara’s music. Even today, the political and intensely
human songs of Victor Jara are respected all over the world, and the ideals of
Nueva Cancion and political music in general remain extremely strong. The life
of Victor Jara is a beautiful example of an intelligent and sincere singer who
spoke strongly through his songs. As a result, the songs of Victor Jara are a
testimony to his strength and positive view of life.