Tuesday, October 7, 2008

Welcome to the Rutgers node of theUniversity Consortium for Geographic Information Science

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The University Consortium for Geographic Information Science (UCGIS) is a non-profit organization of universities and other research institutions dedicated to advancing our understanding of geographic processes and spatial relationships through improved theory, methods, technology, and data. UCGIS membership is open to all U.S. academic and research organizations that meet the membership criteria listed below. Member institutions will have the opportunity to participate in reviewing and setting national research priorities in GIS and related specialties.

Rutgers University GIS (RUGIS) is a member of The University Consortium for Geographic Information Science (UCGIS). Faculty with GIS interest at Rutgers have constituents in both the research and education communities. Five core faculty and other affiliated faculty are active in national and international organizations that provide forums for dissemination of research. Together the five core faculty are active members of a variety of organizations that include the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, the American Water Resources Association, the Ecological Society of America, the American Association of Geographers, The Transportation Research Board, and the American Planning Association. One core faculty member is currently on the Board of the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association and Feature Editor of the URISA Journal

Rutgers has been a leader in Geographic Information Systems research and education in New Jersey. The Grant F. Walton Center for Remote Sensing and Spacial Analysis was established in 1983 at Cook College. In 1989 the Center moved to new facilities as teaching and research activities were joined in a state-of-the- art setting. From its initiation the Center has supported itself with funded research, contract work and donations of the latest hardware and software.

Computer modeling of transportation and land use has always played a role in the research of the Computer Laboratory in the department of Urban Planning and Policy Development (Bloustein School of Planning). Since 1991 the focus of the Laboratory has progressively shifted toward urban GIS applications. In July of 1995 the Urban Planning lab was provided with a new building and greatly upgraded equipment.

The Faculty of the Grant F. Walton Center for Remote Sensing at Cook College and the Computer Laboratory at Bloustein School have been actively cooperating in research and teaching efforts since 1993. Recent software donations were jointly negotiated by the two departments and several cooperating research proposals are pending. Both departments offer a variety of undergraduate and graduate programs that emphasize the fundamental use of GIS and its many different applications.

New Jersey Net State Department of Insurance The State Budget State Legislators City of Trenton Borough of Princeton City of Hoboken City of Montclair New Jersey Web

Related Servers The Manual of Federal Geographic Data Products EPA Public Access to Geospatial Data The National Geospatial Data Clearing House - Links by State Arkansas' list of geo data Metadata and WWW mapping home page

OdorHas insignificant effects on the global or national environmentHas major effects on the local environmentNearest dwellingGreatest source of nuisance complaintsOperations % of nuisance complaints from odor Swine 95 Broiler 75 Layer 66 Beef feedlots 50SourcesAnimal buildings and lotsManure treatment and storageLand applicationSilageFeed processingDead animal disposalDifficult to define, quantify, and controlOdor composed of 331 compounds in manure30 compounds most common in swine manure

Measurement of odorGas measurementAir samples are collected and analyzed for specific, individual gaseous compoundsMeasured with:PatchesIndicator tubesMetersElectronic sensorsGas chromatograph/mass spectrometerAdvantagesAccurate measure of individual gasesAllows for specific numeric standardsUseful for measuring gaseous compounds with specific health effectsLimitationsManure odor is not associated with any single compound

OlfactometryOdors are measured by a trained panel of humansMay be measuredOn locationScentometerField snifferIn laboratoryDynamic, triangular forced-air olfactometerCharacteristics to describe odorConcentrationDetection threshold Volume of normal air needed to dilute odor sample to the point where the difference is detected by 50% of the panel membersRecognition threshold Volume of normal air needed to dilute an odor sample to the point that the panel can recognize the compoundIntensityDescribes the strength of the odor relative to different concentrations of n-butanolPersistenceAmount of air needed to dilute air around a livestock unit to the point where the odor is not smelled

Hedonic toneMeasurement of the unpleasantness of an odorScale of measurement is 1 to 10Character descriptorsA description of the smellAdvantagesThere is a direct correlation between odor and the sense of smellMeasures the complete mixture of gasesLimitationsOlfactometry is subjectiveImpreciseDifficult to regulate

Community effectsResponse to NH3, H2S, and VOCsSymptomsHeadacheRunny noseSore throatCoughingDiarrheaBurning eyesNegative mood (Tension, depression, anger, fatigue, confusion)Odor recommendationsBased on dilution ratio of clean air:air from livestock operationOdor shall not exceed a 7:1 dilution at a residence in two periods/day for more than 7 days per yearOdor shall not exceed a 15:1 dilution at the property line for one period/day for more than 14 days per yearFactors affecting odor complaintsFrequency of problem86% of farmers tolerate neighbor’s odor if problem occurs > 2 days/year50% of farmers tolerate neighbor’s odor if problem occurs > 10 days/yearIntensity of problemDuration of problemOffensiveness of odorRelations with neighbors (Time of residence, previous contact)Odor plume (Direction, topography)

Increase cellulose or other nonstarch polysaccharides in swine dietsCauses bacteria in large intestine to incorporate NH3 into microbial proteinReduces NH3 by as much as 35%Ingredients to add:Soy hullsSugar beet pulpDistillers grainsMask odor with other odorsGarlic powder has been used for poultryFeeding sarsaponinExtracted from yucca plantInhibits ureaseFeeding zeolitesMinerals that have cation exchange capacityBinds odor compoundsReduce dust from animals’ skinIncrease quality of dietary fatFeed adequate zinc

Management of livestock facilities to manage manure odorFrequent cleaning of wet manure and feed from facilitiesManure standing for more than 5 days will cause considerable offensive odorUse bedded systemsOdor seems less offensive than liquid systemsAddition of organic matter from bedding reduces odorReduce dust within and outside buildingsApproachesFrequent cleaningSpraying vegetable oilsReduce NH3 and H2S by 30%Spray once dailyUse a medium droplet sizeProblem with oily facilitiesInstallation of wet scrubbersWetted pads 3 to 5’ in front of ventilation fansTraps dust with some NH3, H2S, and NOxEffectiveness on odors?Use of chemical additivesAlum (K Al(SO4)) will reduce some NH3 emissions

Odors can be controlled if:Loading rate is slow and uniform enough to allow balance of bacteria producing VFAs or CH4Allows development of purple sulfur-oxidizing bacteria Metabolize VOCs Reduce amines A purple or pink color of lagoon is desirable

Factors affecting odors in lagoonsHigh loading ratesExcess animal numbersInadequate dilution waterWindy conditionsDisturbs surfaceTiming of agitation and pumping for applicationShould be done on clear, sunny days when warm air causes odors to rise and disperseEarly spring turnoverOdor problems increase as bacterial action begins to increase digesting nutrients that were incompletely metabolized over winter

Use covers over storage facilitiesCovers over manure structuresRigid coversConcrete, wood, fiberglass, plasticMaterials must be noncorrosiveFlexible coversTarp over manure with a blowerFloating coversNaturalCrust floating on top of manureArtificial organicStraw, chopped corn stalks, wood shavingsArtificialPolystyrene foam, air-filled clay balls, geotextileEffectivenessProvides a barrier between liquid manure and the atmosphereProvides aerobic media to all microbes to degrade odor compoundsLimitations Straw will only last from 2 weeks to 6 months

Natural windbreaksCreates a visual barrierFilters, disperses and dilutes odorSeparation of manure solids and liquidCan be mechanical or gravitySeparates urea in urine from urease in fecesEffectsReduces NH3Reduces odor by 50%

Manure application management to control odorsManure odor problems are directly proportional to the surface area for emissionsThe area of manure application is the greatest source of manure odorFactors affecting manure odor during applicationForm of manureEarthen basin > Below barn pit > Anerobic lagoon > Solid > CompostLagoon managementLagoon should be large enough to leave a permanent pool to stabilize microbial populationApply in June through fallOdors reduced when microbes are most activeDilute manure with water liberally2 – 3 parts H2O : 1 part manureTest for salt and NH3 concentrationStop lagoon feeding 2 weeks before pumpingAllows bacteria the opportunity to degrade odorApplication methodInjection of manure into soilMost effective at preventing odorsSurface application with incorporationMust be done immediately after application

Consideration of neighbors as a method to control manure odor nuisance complaintsSiting of operation and fields for manure applicationMajor tool to limit odor nuisance complaintsConsiderationsDistanceOdors decreases exponentially with distanceDistances (Required to use the Master Matrix) > Residences >¼ mile from buildings >750 ft from manure application-Surface applied > Residential development >1 mile from buildings >750 ft from manure application-Surface appliedTopographyDon’t build uphill from residencesPrevailing windsDon’t build so residences are downwind of the prevailing winds Especially during the springBuilding orientationShort side of livestock facility should be perpendicular to the neighbor’s residence

Timing of manure applicationTell neighbors when you plan to spread manureSelect days when wind is blowing away from neighborsAvoid spreading manure on weekends, holidays, or on days when neighbors have a social event plannedFacility maintenanceMaintain buildings and grounds around facilitiesMow grassControl weedsProper dead animal disposalAvoid spilling manure on roads

Much like a metal detector but more versatile-elemental analyzer such as Niton, Bruker AXS handheld, Metorex, are portable.

Aribex is X-ray radiograph.

Gas Chromatograph with Mass Spectroscopy features can analyze for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Liquified Petroleum Gas, Oil Shales, Solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene and other by products of the petroleum industry.

Neutron Probe are used in industrial radiography.

For stoichiometric physico-chemical characterization of both inorganic and organic compounds, there is X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Crystallography, and Raman Spectroscopy, etc.

Remote Sensing equipments are linked to satellites whether telecommunications and/or weather to factor in such data.

Nanosatellites, 50 of them, were sent out to outer space on the 50th anniversary of Sputnik, last year, October 4, 2007.Can we make portable and affordable instrumentations and multipurpose kits that will measure as much as possible all needed measurements such as inorganics, elemental and organics, aerosols, saw dust, impurities, toxic, reactive, inflammable, and corrosive materials, radiotoxic, chemitoxic, biotoxic, teratogenic, etc. bacteriocidal, also nanotoxic, whether nanonuclear, nanofission, nanofusion, etc.?

Before all of these, we should get the proper Laser Flash Photolysis Systems to monitor for transients, free radicals, and radiolytic products that can cause the initial chromosome aberrations and chromatic breaks, and genetic and somatic damages to the DNA and RNA.

Question: what causes defective genes? National Genome Research.

National Science Foundation(NSF)Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)Department of Energy(DOE)Department of Agriculture(USDA)Food and Drug Administration(FDA)Public Health Service(PHS)Department of Health and Human Services(DHHS)Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)Consumer Product Safety Commission(CPSC)

Needed before marketing for each item: Material Safety Data Sheets(MSDS).

Rhône-Poulenc was a French chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1928 through the merger of Société des Usines Chimiques du Rhône (Rhône Chemical Plant Company) and Établissements Poulenc Frères (Poulenc Brothers Company). In January 1999, Rhône-Poulenc merged with Hoechst AG to form Aventis. In 2004, Aventis went on to merge with Sanofi-Synthélabo forming Sanofi-Aventis, the third largest pharmaceutical company in the world.The agricultural chemicals division of Rhône-Poulenc, known as Aventis CropScience after the merger with Hoechst, was sold to the German chemical and pharmaceutical company Bayer in 2002. In 1998, the chemicals division of Rhône-Poulenc was spun-off into a separate company named Rhodia.Rhône-Poulenc originally funded the Rhône-Poulenc Prizes, now known as the Royal Society Prizes for Science Books.

Monday, October 6, 2008

President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's Speech during the 10thSemiconductor and Electronics Industries in the Philippines, Inc.(SEIPI) CEO Forum

Thank you.

Thank you, Secretary Favila.

Chairman Arthur Young, President Ernie Santiago, all the members andofficers of SEIPI, welcome once again to Malacanang!

Many of you may remember the last time we met as a group two yearsago. But between then and now, I've met some of your principals atinternational fora and I get to see many of you individually duringthe many company events that have taken place in the industry. And Istay updated on your many successes as well as your concerns. Forafter all, you have made, as our two speakers have said, tremendouscontributions to our economy. Thank you to the industry.

A special thanks to the 242 companies that form SEIPI, the movingspirit that has made your sector among the most united and organizedof Philippine industries. I have heard about your GAINS program forglobal competitiveness, advocacy, information, networking andservices, and that it is the most forward-looking industry strategy inthe country. Congratulations to you!

We saw a part of your work in the two presentations today and for theordinary Filipino, the Philippine economic landscape of the 21stcentury would be unrecognizable without your industries. You haveevery right to claim to be the "driver of the Philippine economy," asErnie said in the beginning of his speech, you produce two-thirds ofPhilippine exports. Over a billion Philippine-made memory chips, powerdevices, disk drives, digital signal processors, magnetic heads andsimilar products are found in various electronic appliances all overthe world coming from you. Because of you, our country has an18-percent share of the global electronics market since 2006. I thankyou also personally because during my presidency, you have earned 200billion dollars for our country. Your exports have grown almost 50percent -- from 22 billion dollars in 2001 to 31 billion dollars ayear. And I was looking at the growth rate of the world and of Asia,your exports in the last seven years have grown faster than the restof Asia.

Your industries have been major job creators. You give directemployment to almost half a million Filipinos. That is the same numberas our Department of Education, which is our largest single governmentemployer.

Your sector invested five billion dollars during my administration.And the peak, the rise in investments, was with Texas Instrumentswhich, by itself, is pumping more than a billion dollars for a newoperation in Clark, not to mention its new activities in Baguio. So,we thank Bing for bringing that investment over.

I've also had the fortune of presiding over the expansion of othercompanies like SunPower, large expansion. So, I'm very grateful for that.

In 2001, I was telling Ernie, that in 2001 you had a negative growthrate, didn't you? And Ernie remembers that 2001 had a minus-22 growthrate. It was a negative 22 percent. At that time, that was right afterthe 9/11, but even before 9/11, the global market was already slowingdown. In 2001, the main market for Philippine-made electronics andsemiconductor items was the United States. Then the U.S. marketsuffered a drop in sales. That's why your growth rate was minus 22percent, though I might say that at that time, I remember how I said,"Naku! Kakaupo ko lang, magne-negative growth rate ang Pilipinas,"because electronics is such a major part of our economy.

But we work to do other things to strengthen the domestic market,release all the arrears of IRA to the local governments, work on thehousing industries, spend on agriculture, as a result of which thePhilippine economy still had a positive growth rate even if theelectronics industry had a negative growth rate. But in the meantime,just as we were working on how to make the Philippine economy remainwith a positive growth rate, you were also working, you were lookingfor other markets. And indeed, you found other markets. So that whenwe met in 2006, China was already your main customer, taking in 26percent of your exports. And today, with even more changes in theglobal economic arena, you have shifted your focus again.

This year 2008, `cause most of your figures are 2007, Ernie confirmedto me that about 22 percent of your products go to Europe, 15 percentto Japan, 14 percent to the U.S., 13 percent to China, and the rest toother Asian countries.

But Arthur was telling me that there is a lot of potential, as you'veshown us in the presentation, within our own region. And so, with suchdynamism, your industry -- though it had a negative growth rate forthe first six months of the year -- in June, it managed to grow 2.6percent year-on-year, and maybe that means that the slump is over andyou're beginning to go back to your upswing.

We have been working tirelessly as we did in 2001, and now even moreto address challenges arising from the slowdown in the global economywhich this time is combined with the spike in oil and food prices. Weall know this is a global phenomenon. Your presentation shows howaware you are, and you need to be aware, because you're so integratedwith the global economy of what's going on in the world.

The events in the U.S. and the slowdown in the global economy arecausing real difficulties for countries around the world. But we arenot insulated from them, but our economy is more resilient today thanever before. And I would say more resilient than some other countriesin our region. In some other country, which is also an attractive areafor your investments otherwise, the overheating is so much that thegovernment has to cut down on infrastructure spending. We have notreached the stage of overheating and we are not cutting down. In fact,we are increasing infrastructure spending.

We're able to do this because of the economic and fiscal reforms thatwe have implemented in recent years through the cooperation ofCongress. These have resulted in the strengthening of ourmacroeconomic fundamentals as well as our banking system. So oureconomy is strong enough to withstand the external financial turmoil.

We've been working hard on all fronts to manage inflationarypressures, to provide a safety net to those hit hardest by theseglobal developments, and deliver the growth that will continue togenerate jobs and tax revenues that we need to fuel our investments inour nation's future.

We've been working hard to make sure that food supplies remain stableand to put food on the table for every Filipino in order to avoiddemands for a wage spiral and, therefore, keep you competitive. Wewere discussing what we know when Arthur was making his presentationabout our... the cost being a small portion of the cost of goods soldcompared to other places. So overall, there is still a good amount ofcompetitiveness here and we contribute to that, among other things, bytrying to keep the cost of food low or affordable so that there willbe no demand for a wage spiral.

We've also been introducing measures to lift the burden of high fuelprices off our people. So that there will be no big transportationcost increase for the workers who go to work for the same reason toavoid demands for a wage spiral.

On the same token, our Economic team, of which Peter is a member, incoordination with the Bangko Sentral, of which Peter is our governmentrepresentative to the Monetary Board, our Economic team is closelymonitoring developments in the global financial markets. We're workinghard to further strengthen the domestic economy by acceleratedspending for infrastructure. As I have said, whereas other countriesaround us may be pressured to reduce infrastructure spending, we'reaccelerating infrastructure and agriculture, fast-tracking financialreforms to further strengthen the banking system, improve our fiscalhealth by better tax collection and also by legislative measures, andencouraging investment by such measures as reducing regulatorybottlenecks for strategic industries like the semiconductor andelectronics industry.

Texas Instruments, Bing was telling us, came to the Philippines and itwas not easy for us to make sure that they come to the Philippines.There were other very attractive or prospective hosts, and we are allvying and the key was the red tape. And we won over our other rivalpossible destinations and Texas Instruments decided to do their newplant here. The same thing with some other multi-hundredmillion-dollar investments coming up soon. Peter, who is chairman ofour Anti-Red Tape Task Force, is working hard to make sure that oldbottlenecks are removed and I hope we will be seeing this newinvestment soon.

We are addressing most of the concerns you presented in 2001, asidefrom the concerns that are presented by individual prospectiveinvestors. And I remember infrastructure was one of your biggestconcerns. And your companies were among the ones we thought of when wepushed for big infrastructure projects across the nation. The SLEX,the Alabang Viaduct, is now 83-percent complete -- should be finishedsoon. But even now, with one lane already completed, it has eased theflow of traffic from CALABARZON towards NAIA. The Batangas Port, whichwas completed last year, last December, services some of yourcompanies. The SCTEX has been completed also for the convenience ofthe factories located in the northern part of the Luzon Urban Beltway.

Now, I remember the last time we had a meeting, you saw all theinfrastructure coming up. So you were confident about that, so yousaid the infrastructure we must work on now must be the power sector.And on power costs, PEZA now offers reduced rates for its locators.And hopefully, we will have the implementation of open access whichwould hopefully bring power cost down some more and, probably, themilestone for that will be the consummation of the Calaca investmentin the power sector, perhaps by November.

Earlier than that, we began the `time of use method' of computingpower rates along with the WESM, then MERALCO's Customer Choiceprogram and High Load Factor Discount for customers consuming at least5 MW, and that's certainly you. Other provisions of the EPIRA,particularly the condonation of the loans of electric cooperatives,have been implemented. And let me point out that there are areasaround the country where the host municipalities and barangays givediscounts or subsidized the electric bills of their customers. So Iwould reiterate my invitation that when you do your expansions, youthink of locating in these areas where the local government has theroyalties from the power sources that are in their areas and they usedthese royalties to subsidize electric bills.

One example would be Palinpinon in the town of, is it Dauin orZamboanguito? Ah, no, in Valencia in Negros Oriental, and that's thereason why we're making the airport better so that your airports... sothat your whole logistics will be acceptable to you. Another examplewould be the geothermal areas in Leyte in Tongonan, in Ormoc and theneighboring town of Kananga, I believe, because they also have a lotof royalties. Some barangay residents don't even pay any electric billat all. And we have an airport in Ormoc or even in Tacloban that canbe suited to your requirements, as Texas Instruments has seen, we aredoing with La Union Airport for their Baguio operation. So these arethings that will help you to reduce your power costs. And we willspend in the infrastructure that you need for your transportcompetitiveness.

And most recently, an ERC ruling lowered to eight percent therecoverable systems loss of distribution utilities.

But together, let us look for more ways to reduce power costs,especially for small and medium companies outside of PEZAs, some ofwhom are your own suppliers and subcontractors.

On manpower, Ernie Santiago said I should announce to you, because notall of you know, that we are promoting Engineering R&D activities inthe country at a significant scale. Three billion pesos is our budgetfor that in order to modernize every aspect of the economicunderpinnings of the Philippines, including semiconductors andelectronics, to propel economic growth. Because we know thatmodernization needs a critical mass of R&D-capable manpower that willfurther attract technology-based investments like semiconductorsandespecially electronics. This three billion pesos that I'm talkingabout started last year. It's an investment in Engineering Researchand Development Technology. As a part of this, as a big part of thissince last school year, seven universities led by the U.P. College ofEngineering have been offering scholarships for masters and doctoraldegree programs in all fields of Engineering, including whatspecialized field you might want for your own industry.

But I must congratulate SEIPI because they're already a part of thisprogram spearheading linkages with U.P. and other reputable academicinstitutions for specialized masteral and doctoral training for yourindustry.

Government consults SEIPI on the steps that can strengthen yourindustries, expand your markets, and increase your convincing power inbringing in more investors to your sector. Ernie last appeared beforea Cabinet meeting only last month, so he can attest to how frequentlywe consult SEIPI when we need to do our industrial planning.

A continuation of these efforts will help us weather the global stormand make sure that we are able to achieve the economic rebound that weare projecting for next year.

As I said, if you think of the fact that we will have flat growth thisyear, remember you were minus-22 percent in 2001 and how yourecovered, and you will recover even more now because we can see theinvestments that are under gestation. Texas Instruments will formallyopen in January and with their market of three billion dollars a year,we can expect that by yearend, we will have a very big increase in theelectronics exports not to mention those new industries that Peter isnursing, or those new factories that Peter is nursing for them tolocate here in the Philippines.

So, against the gale force winds of the global economy, we remainbullish on our country and your industry. We are optimistic about ourfuture, your future, and we're deeply committed to being a force forthe good of your industry which is good for our people. Thesemiconductor and electronics industries and the government have astrong synergy. You are an invaluable partner in Philippine growth.

1. The Nature of Science2. The Scientific Method3. The Ordered Universe4. Celestial and Terrestrial Mechanics5. Newton's Laws of Motion6. Universal Gravitation7. The Nature of Energy8. The First Law of Thermodynamics9. The Second Law of Thermodynamics10. Entropy11. Magnetism and Static Electricity12. Electricity13. Electromagnetism14. The Electromagnetic Spectrum, Part I15. The Electromagnetic Spectrum, Part II16. Relativity17. Atoms18. The Bohr Atom19. The Quantum World20. The Periodic Table of the Elements21. Introduction to Chemistry22. The Chemistry of Carbon23. States of Matter and Changes of State24. Phase Transformations and Chemical Reactions25. Properties of Materials26. Semiconductors and Modern Microelectronics27. Isotopes and Radioactivity28. Nuclear Fission and Fusion Reactions29. Astronomy30. The Life Cycle of Stars31. Edwin Hubble and the Discovery of Galaxies32. The Big Bang33. The Ultimate Structure of Matter34. The Nebular Hypothesis35. The Solar System36. The Earth as a Planet37. The Dynamic Earth38. The Plate Tectonics Revolution39. Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Motions Today40. Earth Cycles—Water41. The Atmospheric Cycle42. The Rock Cycle43. What Is Life?44. Strategies of Life45. Life's Molecular Building Blocks46. Proteins47. Cells—The Chemical Factories of Life48. Gregor Mendel, Founder of Genetics49. The Discovery of DNA50. The Genetic Code51. Reading the Genetic Code52. Genetic Engineering53. Cancer and Other Genetic Diseases54. The Chemical Evolution of Life55. Biological Evolution—A Unifying Theme of Biology56. The Fact of Evolution—The Fossil Record57. Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural Selection58. Ecosystems and the Law of Unintended Consequences59. The Ozone Hole, Acid Rain, and the Greenhouse Effect60. Science, the Endless Frontier

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