Phosphodiesterase-Type 5 Inhibitors Mechanism:

During sexual arousal, nitric oxide (NO) is released from nerve terminals and endothelial cells in the corpus cavernosum. NO activates guanylate cyclase to convert guanosine triphosphate (GTP) into cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), triggering a cGMP-dependent cascade of events. The accumulation of cGMP leads to smooth-muscle relaxation in the corpus cavernosum and increased blood flow to the penis.

PDE5 is an enzyme found primarily in the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum that selectively cleaves and degrades cGMP to 5′-GMP. PDE5 inhibitors are similar in structure to cGMP; they competitively bind to PDE5 and inhibit cGMP hydrolysis, thus enhancing the effects of NO. This increase in cGMP in the smooth muscle cells is responsible for prolonging an erection.

Unfortunately, there is an army of snake-oil salesmen ready to part you from your hard-earned cash on ‘natural treatments’ that are both ineffective and a waste of your time/money. But, there are proven treatments available that will help to not only prevent further hair loss but even regrow your lost hair.

The ingredients in Andro-Block P have been proven effective in treating hair loss by a broad range of scientific studies.

Let’s learn a bit about the hair growth cycle and discover how the ingredients in Andro-Block P can give you youthful looking, healthier, and more abundant hair.

The Hair Growth Lifecycle

You should be familiar with your hair growth cycle so you can better understand how hair loss problems can prevent you from maintaining a healthy head of hair.

The hair growth cycle consists of distinct stages:

Anagen Phase

Human hair grows approximately half an inch each month, and grows faster in the summer than during the winter months. This growth phase can last an average of 3-5 years; making a full-length hair between 18-30 inches.

Catagen Phase

At the end of the anagen phase; your hair enters the catagen phase. This is just a short transitional period that will last roughly 10 days.

Telogen Phase

Finally, your hair begins the telogen phase. This is a resting phase when hair is also released from the scalp and falls out (shedding).

In this phase, the follicle can remain inactive for up to 3 months until the whole growth cycle process is repeated. Every one of your hair follicles is independent of the rest, and will go through this growth cycle at different times; otherwise you’d shed all your hair at the same time.

Ordinarily, a healthy individual will shed between 80-150 hairs per day.

Hair loss, hair thinning and problems with hair growth will occur when this growth cycle is disrupted by illness, malnutrition or conditions like androgenetic alopecia caused by DHT.

Bringing a new drug to the market in the US requires a big investment and a lot of work. The process begins when a scientist or researcher discovers a new drug. If the drug has potential uses that are both beneficial towards the treatment of a disease or condition, and also profitable for business, then a company or group will typically fund the investment needed to bring the proposed drug to the market. To do this, the company must first submit a New Drug Application (NDA) along with all the data collected to prove efficacy and safety. It is the responsibility of the company seeking to market a drug to test it and submit evidence that it is safe and effective. This is done through a series of laboratory and clinical trials. Clinical trials are experiments that use human subjects to see whether a drug is effective, and what side effects it may cause. The clinical trials are usually outsourced to an organization that specializes in conducting and managing large scale studies that are designed to satisfy the FDA requirements for new drug approval. A commercial drug manufacturer is contracted to exclusively make the new drug product. The manufacturer may also help develop the final product including the formula, dosage form, and excipients used in the formula. New drugs, like other new products, are frequently under patent protection during development. The patent protects the company's investment in the drug's development by giving them the sole right to sell the drug while the patent is in effect. The potential revenue generating from holding this patent provides incentive for companies to invest into new drug development despite the risk of a drug not being approved. When the patents or other periods of exclusivity on brand-name drugs expire, manufacturers can apply to the FDA to sell generic versions which usually enter the market at much lower costs. Patents typically last for 7 years however pharmaceutical companies can apply for extensions under certain circumstances.

Estrogen dominance is becoming one of the more common hormone imbalances due to the prevanence of environmental hormone disrupters.

Due to the ubiquity of environmental estrogens, most people over the age of 35 have some form of estrogen dominance. The typical 4-step protocol for reversing estrogen dominance includes: dietary tweaks, estrogen-clearing supplements (or bioidentical hormones), weight loss, and reducing xenoestrogen exposure. If your goal is full recovery however, you’ll need to also address the following 4 contributors.

Contributor #1: StressStress causes the release of cortisol, which can lead to a progesterone deficiency because progesterone gets used-up in the manufacturing of cortisol. Stress also compromises adrenal gland health, reducing the adrenals’ ability to produce progesterone. Low progesterone in relation to estrogen = estrogen dominance.

The Stress FixEliminate all stimulants and meditate at least 15 minutes a day. Also, incorporate a range of stress reducing activities into your daily life, such as: yoga, deep breathing, tai chi, sex, cuddling, Epsom salt baths, or simply getting lost in an activity you enjoy

Contributor #2: SleepSleep is the time when your body rebalances hormones and a good night’s sleep helps to dramatically reduce cortisol levels. Sleep also increases leptin, which is a hormone that helps you feel full. Extra fat cells can result without enough leptin, which is a problem because fat cells produce estrogen, and the more fat cells you have the more estrogen you will produce.

The Sleep FixSleep for 7-9 hours a night, and go to bed as early as possible because peak hormonal restoration occurs between 8 pm and 4 am. Practice proper sleep hygiene, limit daytime naps to 20 minutes, avoid stimulants, heavy, fatty and spicy foods; and expose yourself to natural sunlight for at least 15 minutes a day.

Contributor #3: Exercise Regular exercise helps to reduce stress and enhance sleep. It also helps to detoxify excess estrogens and eliminate them through your sweat. In addition, it increases sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels, and SHBG deactivates harmful estrogens. Finally, exercise lowers body fat reserves, which (as referred to above) reduces estrogen levels.The Exercise FixA balanced blend of cardiovascular, strength training and flexibility-enhancing exercises should be employed. High intensity interval training (HIIT) programs should be done in moderation because they place stress on your body which can upset hormonal balance. Balance out HIIT with gentler forms of exercise such as yoga and tai chi.

Contributor #4: Your Mindset The 4 steps for overcoming estrogen dominance (mentioned in the intro) in combination with reducing stress, prioritizing sleep, and increasing exercise, is understandably overwhelming. Thoughts of resistance, such as "This protocol is way too hard," will prevent you from achieving full recovery.

The Mindset FixMeditation will make you feel centered and in-turn, help you to realize that everything is possible. Hypnosis and NeuroLingustic Programming are two additional powerful tools for reprogramming your subconscious mind. They help to replace negative thought patterns and belief systems with positive ones, which virtually guarantees long-term success.

~Written by Nick Delgado, PhD, CHT

Dr. Nick Delgado, PhD (www.delgadoprotocol.com) is a graduate of the University of Southern California (USC). He studied Physical Therapy at Rancho Los Amigo Hospital, Health Sciences at Loma Linda University, and Nutrition at CSLB. Dr. Delgado directed the Nathan Pritikin Plan, and is certified in NLP, Time Line, and Hypnotherapy. With an emphasis on optimal sports performance. Dr. Delgado broke the World Strength Endurance record, lifting 50,640 lbs in one hour, and led Team USA to a World Championship. He is a medical commentator in theWHN Forum

Abstract | Context: Although sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and testosterone (T) have been inversely associated with risk of diabetes, few studies have examined dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a more potent androgen than T, or older adults, whose glycemic pathophysiology differs from younger adults.

Objective: To determine the associations of SHBG, T, and DHT with insulin resistance and incident diabetes in older adult men.
Design: In a prospective cohort study, we evaluated baseline levels of SHBG, T, and DHT using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry among 852 men in the Cardiovascular Health Study free of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in 1994.

Abstract

In contrast to the current belief that cholesterol reduction with statins decreases atherosclerosis, we present a perspective that statins may be causative in coronary artery calcification and can function as mitochondrial toxins that impair muscle function in the heart and blood vessels through the depletion of coenzyme Q
10and ‘heme A’, and thereby ATP generation. Statins inhibit the synthesis of vitamin K
2, the cofactor for matrix Gla-protein activation, which in turn protects arteries from calcification. Statins inhibit the biosynthesis of selenium containing proteins, one of which is glutathione peroxidase serving to suppress peroxidative stress. An impairment of selenoprotein biosynthesis may be a factor in congestive heart failure, reminiscent of the dilated cardiomyopathies seen with selenium deficiency. Thus, the epidemic of heart failure and atherosclerosis that plagues the modern world may paradoxically be aggravated by the pervasive use of statin drugs. We propose that current statin treatment guidelines be critically reevaluated.

A Low Dead space syringe is a type of syringe designed to limit the amount of dead space that exists between the syringe hub and needle and reduces the amount of “wasted” medication with each injection. Syringe dead space is the volume of residual fluid that remains within the syringe after the plunger is fully depressed during medication injection. The difference between “High Dead Space” or a standard syringe, and a “Low Dead Space” syringe is determined by the amount of fluid that remains within the needle and syringe itself. When a patient is injecting his/her prescribed medications multiple times per week, the amount of “waste” can add up significantly. More medication can be lost when a new needle is attached for injection purposes. Dead space in a standard syringe can be as high as 84 micro liters with each injection. This can also introduce the problem of inaccurate dosing, especially when prescribed smaller, more frequent injections of your prescribed medication.

Example:
With a typical wastage of 84uL (microliter = 0.084mL) per injection, a patient injecting 0.35ml of testosterone twice weekly should expect about 28 injections per 10mL of Testosterone Cypionate.

To better assist our patients and provide the most accurate needle and syringe options for administering medications, Defy Medical is now offering a more precise, low dead space 1mL Luer Lock syringe. These syringes can be used for injecting testosterone, HCG and injectable vitamins/amino acids.

To place an order please contact our office at 813-445-7342 or email us at info@defymedical.com and we can ship the order directly from our clinic.

About 15 percent of the 10-12 million people in the U.S. with hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, continue to feel sick despite following the standard of care recommended by the American Thyroid Association. Physicians routinely prescribe levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone, adjusting the dose until blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stabilize.

Despite normal TSH tests, these patients still have many nagging symptoms of hypothyroidism. "Patients complain of being depressed, slow and having a foggy mind," said Rush's Antonio C. Bianco, MD, PhD, an immediate past president of the American Thyroid Association that is professor of medicine at Rush and an expert on thyroid disorders "They have difficulty losing weight. They complain of feeling sluggish and have less energy. Yet we doctors keep telling them, 'I'm giving you the right amount of medication and your TSH is normal. You should feel fine.'"

The Defense Department is studying whether a boost of testosterone can keep military muscle and brains operating in top form during long periods of combat.

When troops are engaged in prolonged physical activity like war and contingency operations, they are unable to consume the calories needed to sustain high physical and mental function, according to medical researchers.

The calorie deficit -- sometimes as much as 50 percent to 60 percent below the needed amount -- can result in muscle loss, fatigue, cognitive decline and, in men, a drop in testosterone, leaving them vulnerable to injury, illness, wounds or death.

Among men with obesity, intranasal oxytocin administration led to reduced food intake following an overnight fast vs. men who received an intranasal placebo, according to recent study results.

We demonstrate that the acute intranasal administration of oxytocin inhibits reward-[driven] but also hunger-driven food intake in obese men and that this effect is not compensated for by changes in energy expenditure,” Matthias Thienel, a doctoral student at the Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology at the University of Tubingen, Germany, and colleagues wrote. “In normal-weight men, the oxytocin-induced reduction in calorie consumption was restricted to snacking, indicating that the inhibitory effect of oxytocin on food intake is generally larger in obese than normal-weight subjects.”

Having a prescription filled is one of the routine things most of us do for our health. That simple activity is anything but routine for the millions of individuals who can’t tolerate medicines made for the masses. They may have an allergy to an ingredient, require a drug of a different strength than is commercially available, require an injectable medicine rather than one in pill form, or need a drug that is no longer manufactured by a pharmaceutical company.

That’s where compounding pharmacies come in. These companies customize medications, often mixing raw ingredients into preparations that can be taken orally, applied to the skin as a lotion or cream, placed under the tongue as a lozenge or, in the case of sterile compounding, injected into the body or placed in an intravenous line.

Abstract

To address widespread concerns regarding the medical condition of testosterone (T) deficiency (TD) (male
hypogonadism) and its treatment with T therapy, an international expert consensus conference was
convened in Prague, Czech Republic, on October 1, 2015. Experts included a broad range of medical
specialties including urology, endocrinology, diabetology, internal medicine, and basic science research. A
representative from the European Medicines Agency participated in a nonvoting capacity. Nine resolutions
were debated, with unanimous approval: (1) TD is a well-established, clinically significant medical condition
that negatively affects male sexuality, reproduction, general health, and quality of life; (2) symptoms and
signs of TD occur as a result of low levels of T and may benefit from treatment regardless of whether there is
an identified underlying etiology; (3) TD is a global public health concern; (4) T therapy for men with TD is
effective, rational, and evidence based; (5) there is no T concentration threshold that reliably distinguishes
those who will respond to treatment from those who will not; (6) there is no scientific basis for any age-
specific recommendations against the use of T therapy in men; (7) the evidence does not support
increased risks of cardiovascular events with T therapy; (8) the evidence does not support increased risk of
prostate cancer with T therapy; and (9) the evidence supports a major research initiative to explore possible
benefits of T therapy for cardiometabolic disease, including diabetes. These resolutions may be considered
points of agreement by a broad range of experts based on the best available scientific evidence.

Houston—Older men using “Low T” treatment will undoubtedly welcome this news from their pharmacist: Testosterone replacement therapy was found to increase their interest in sex and promote more sexual activity if they previously had low libido and low testosterone levels.

The study, touted as the largest placebo-controlled trial in older men conducted on the subject to date, was published recently in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.

The sexual function study is part of the National Institute of Health’s Testosterone Trials, a series of seven studies examining the effectiveness of hormone therapy in men who are 65 or older, have low testosterone levels, and are experiencing symptoms of testosterone deficiency.

Patient consent was obtained to use laboratory data and case details from patient, however care is taken to maintain patient privacy and limit any potentially identifying information.

Patient is a biological male presenting a t an age of 20 – 25 years old having been referred by his counselor for hormonal treatment to assist MTF transgender transformation. A thorough examination and consult was performed on patient including counseling, lab review, and all appropriate consents were reviewed and sign ed. Once appropriateness of treatment was determined, MTF transformative hormonal treatment was initiated in the form of estradiol cypionate twice weekly injections. For the purpose of simplicity and a focused discussion, dosages of e stradiol cypionate will not be included, but rather the resulting serum estradiol levels (via LC - MS/MS) from gradual estradiol cypionate dosage escalation.

It has become apparent that androgens play a significant role in women’s health. More than the expected level of androgens in a woman’s blood stream causes obvious symptoms of androgen excess; less readily apparent are the consequences of female androgen deficiency. The symptoms are subtle, affecting a woman’s sexual desire, satisfaction, and mood, and are commonly mistaken as signs of an underlying depression, prompting referral for counseling and psychotherapy, when hormone measurements would be more appropriate and more fruitful. Androgen deficiency in women is a topic that the medical community has been slow to address. This is partially attributed to the fact that the most common symptom is decreased libido, a very common nonspecific complaint that has long been associated with the psychological issues of stress and depression. One of the earliest reports showing an association between decreased sexual desire and decreased testosterone in women was published in 1959, but acceptance of this association has been slow. However, more evidence now shows that many women-pre-menopausal and post-menopausal-do suffer from androgen deficiency. Because the symptoms of such a deficiency resemble those of depression, misdiagnosis and lack of treatment are common. Improved awareness of the symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and appropriate available treatments are needed, to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary or inappropriate treatments.

Last year, the Food and Drug Administration required manufacturers of testosterone products to add new label information warning of a possible increased risk of heart attacks and strokes. A new study suggests this may be both unnecessary and unhealthy for some men. Testosterone therapy or T therapy helped men with preexisting coronary artery disease reduce their risks of strokes, heart attacks, and even death.

In fact, the men who did not receive testosterone as part of their treatment were 80 percent more likely to suffer an adverse event, such as a heart attack, than those taking T.

CHICAGO, IL - A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine shows testosterone treatment for men over 65 years old not only improves sexual function but also slightly improves mood and physical ability. A team of researchers from 12 medical centers across the United States, including Northwestern Memorial Hospital, participated in the study.

"In recent years, talk about low testosterone and its treatments have become part of the public discussion," said Mark E. Molitch, MD, a Northwestern Medicine endocrinologist and one of the authors of the study. "Yet questions have always lingered about the treatment's effectiveness and safety. I believe the results of this large, nationwide study will provide doctors and patients answers and guidance they've been looking for."

Serum Beta hCG Concentrations Resulting from Single hCG Injection

Dr Justin Saya, M.D. - Defy Medical, LLC

Prior to delving into discussion, I wanted to take time to express a special thank you to Defy
Medical management and staff for following through with the logistics of the following case study,
the study participants for their willingness to volunteer, and also my colleagues, Jill Dillenburg,
RN and Dr John Crisler, D.O. for their support of the case study.

Introduction

The human endocrine system comprises a complex network of organs, glands, hormones,
receptors, binding globulins, enzymes, and mRNA/DNA transcription cascades that result in a
multitude of vital end-products and processes throughout the body. Furthermore, this network is,
for the most part, self-regulating via intricate control processes involving both positive and
negative feedback loops.

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms after taking Propecia the good news is you wont have to needlessly suffer as there is treatment available which can reverse the effects of finasteride.

Defy Medical offers interventional treatment designed to reverse these symptoms through hormone re-balancing and optimization while providing hair restoration at the same time using the latest evidence based treatment protocols. Contact us for a free consultation!

One reason men have more heart disease than women is the very fact that they are men, reports Harvard University endocrinologist Evelyn Yu, M.D., MS.c. Both men’s higher testosterone levels and their lower estrogen levels, play a role.

A Veterans Affairs database study of more than 83,000 patients found that men whose low testosterone was restored to normal through gels, patches, or injections had a lower risk of heart attack, stroke, or death from any cause, versus similar men who were not treated.

The study also found that men who were treated but did not attain normal levels did not see the same benefits as those whose levels did reach normal. The study was published online Aug. 6, 2015, in the European Heart Journal.

CORVALLIS, Ore. - A study at Oregon State University indicates that both a high-fat and a high-sugar diet, compared to a normal diet, cause changes in gut bacteria that appear related to a significant loss of "cognitive flexibility," or the power to adapt and adjust to changing situations.

This effect was most serious on the high-sugar diet, which also showed an impairment of early learning for both long-term and short-term memory.

The concept of the thyroid storm is well known in medicine. Today we are dealing with what might be called a “testosterone storm” surrounding the scientific and public health debate over the use of testosterone replacement therapy. Last year, after a September 2014 FDA Advisory Committee meeting, manufacturers were required to include a label addition about a “possible” increased risk of heart attacks and strokes in patients taking testosterone. A large-scale study to assess cardiovascular risk was also recommended. The uncertainty of whether or not testosterone supplementation increases cardiovascular risks is the primary driver of the conflict.

In popular culture, the phrase “battle of the sexes” seems to pit the male hormone (testosterone) against the female (estrogen). Now a Florida State University College of Medicine researcher has documented a way in which the two hormones work together to protect low-testosterone males from the effects of anxiety and depression.

Specifically, the testosterone must first be converted into estrogen. That’s the latest discovery from the lab of biomedical sciences Professor Mohamed Kabbaj. With a six-year grant from the National Institute of Mental Health, he is investigating the ways in which anxiety affects the sexes differently.

Serum testosterone concentration peaks during adolescence and early adulthood. Males tend to have a 1% to 2% reduction per year in testosterone beginning in their 30s.1 A more precipitous decline may indicate a higher probability of mortality. Observational studies have associated low serum testosterone and late-onset hypogonadism with cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.2-4 While these intermediary outcomes are clearly related to premature death, the effect of testosterone decline on longevity is less clear. Several studies have shown conflicting results.

A recent study of a male population explores the relationship between your testosterone and erectile function. As suspected, higher levels of testosterone equals a better erection and improved sex drive.
This study also helps to explain the different types of blood tests used to check testosterone, and why it is important for men and women to have more than just the total testosterone checked (also known as serum testosterone).

The study observed over 700 men from a specific population (population-based study) and established a correlation between a man’s testosterone level and his erectile function.

Background:Finasteride acts by reducing dihydrotestosterone levels, thereby inhibiting miniaturization of hair follicles in patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Oral finasteride is associated with side effects such as decreased libido, sexual dysfunction, and gynecomastia.
Aim:The aim of the following study is to assess the efficacy of maintaining hair growth with 5% topical minoxidil fortified with 0.1% finasteride in patients with AGA after initial treatment with 5% topical minoxidil and oral finasteride for two years.

Female sex hormones have a strong effect on the psyche. This has been confirmed by numerous scientific studies and by phenomena such as the "baby blues," a bout of low mood following childbirth, or recurrent mood swings that occur prior to menstruation. However the male sex hormone testosterone also affects our mood and emotions, as well as our libido -- and in a positive way.

-A RECIPE FOR SUCCESS-

SECOND EDITION
--John Crisler, DO

We have already learned a practical bit about the various hormones composing the metabolic “symphony” which constitutes our hormonal milieu. We know where these hormones are produced, largely what influences modulate their production, as well as the target tissues of their various and varied actions. But we still need to integrate this knowledge into a practical “recipe”, if you will, to enable the clinician to return to his/her practice, and immediately begin screening for, and successfully treating, male hypogonadism. In other words, how do we administer Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) for men?

Testosterone is the precursor hormone for estradiol. Estradiol is a hormone more abundant in women than men that is produced by the aromatization of testosterone in liver, fat and other cells. Nature created it for a reason. It has been shown to be responsible for healthy bone density but its role in men's sex drive, body composition and other variables is source of great debate. One thing is certain: High estradiol blood levels can cause growth of breast tissue in men

Polycythemia is an excessive production of red blood cells. With polycythemia the blood becomes very viscous or "sticky," making it harder for the heart to pump. High blood pressure, strokes and heart attacks can occur.

The association between testosterone replacement therapy and polycythemia has been reported for the past few years as this therapy has become more mainstream. In addition to increasing muscle and sex drive, testosterone can increase the body's production of red blood cells. This hematopoietic (blood-building) effect could be a good thing for those with mild anemia.

December 1, 2014 - Defy Medical is offering a national patient assistance program to people with HIV who currently have limited access to medications meant to improve their quality of life. According to the Center for Disease control over 50% of people living with HIV in the United States will be over 50 years of age by the year 2015. This aging population that has been exposed to a deadly virus and toxic medications in the past has a lot more comorbidities than HIV-negative people of the same age.

Most absorption of testosterone in testosterone gels happens during the first 4 hours. The 1.62 % Androgel package insert says this about showering after testosterone gel application and using moisturizers/sun block:

Effect of showering

In a randomized, 3-way (3 treatment periods without washout period) crossover study in 24 hypogonadal men, the effect of showering on testosterone exposure was assessed after once daily application of AndroGel 1.62% 81 mg to upper arms/shoulders for 7 days in each treatment period. On the 7th day of each treatment period, hypogonadal men took a shower with soap and water at either 2, 6, or 10 hours after drug application. The effect of showering at 2 or 6 hours post-dose on Day 7 resulted in 13% and 12% decreases in mean Cavg, respectively, compared to Day 6 when no shower was taken after drug application.

Showering at 10 hours after drug application had no effect on bioavailability. The amount of testosterone remaining in the outer layers of the skin at the application site on the 7th day was assessed using a tape stripping procedure and was reduced by at least 80% after showering 2-10 hours post-dose compared to on the 6th day when no shower was taken after drug application.

Defy Medical is dedicated to helping veterans access affordable therapies which focus on quality of life and longevity.

Many veterans have access to healthcare but are limited to specific treatments which may exclude quality of life medications. Veterans usually have to pay out of pocket for such medications or cannot get prescriptions they need due to limitations in their health care system. Some may not meet the qualifications needed to receive complete medical care and don’t know where to turn. The types of treatment increasingly sought by veterans who cannot obtain treatment through conventional pathways include; treatments to combat depression, low testosterone, sexual dysfunction, fatigue, and other life quality issues.

BMJ Open 2014;4:e005462 doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005462Reproductive medicine Research
Habitual alcohol consumption associated with reduced semen quality and changes in reproductive hormones; a cross-sectional study among 1221 young Danish men

Im sure this study has been posted before, but for those that missed it here is a study showing the opposite of what is being touted in the media regarding testosterone and heart attacks. This study claims that maintaining T levels above 550ng actually reduced cardiac disease risk. Note that they tested estradiol levels, which was lacking in the inaccurate study recently published.

It is shocking that the recent study which claimed that testosterone causes heart attacks has found its reach within certain medical circles, then to the masses, considering the obvious flaws within the study itself. Not surprising are the attorney's looking to make a buck off anything they can spin to their benefit. They are using this flawed study to generate lawsuits against Big Pharma producers of testosterone medications. The problems within this study include: Lack of testing and monitoring estradiol conversion, which can happen in aging men and easy to manage with proper treatment. Lack of testing and monitoring Hematocrit/red blood cells which can become elevated in men given testosterone. This is also easily manageable and preventable when properly monitored.

INTRODUCTION: Prior research conducted on treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) has been derived from surveys involving relatively small populations of men. There are needs for large population-based studies in this area. Our study addresses that need.