Dolomite stone

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The most common use for dolostone is in the construction industry. It is crushed and sized for use as a road base material, an aggregate in concrete and asphalt, railroad ballast, rip-rap, or fill. It is also calcined in the production of cement and cut into blocks of specific size known as "dimension stone."

Dolomite's reaction with acid also makes it useful. It is used for acid neutralization in the chemical industry, in stream restoration projects, and as a soil conditioner.

Dolomite is used as a source of magnesia (MgO), a feed additive for livestock, a sintering agent and flux in metal processing, and as an ingredient in the production of glass, bricks, and ceramics.

Dolomite serves as the host rock for many lead, zinc, and copper deposits. These deposits form when hot, acidic hydrothermal solutions move upward from depth through a fracture system that encounters a dolomitic rock unit. These solutions react with the dolomite, which causes a drop in pH that triggers the precipitation of metals from solution.

Dolomite also serves as an oil and gas reservoir rock. During the conversion of calcite to dolomite, a volume reduction occurs. This can produce pore spaces in the rock that can be filled with oil or natural gas that migrate in as they are released from other rock units. This makes the dolomite a reservoir rock and a target of oil and gas drilling.

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Kaolins are employed in glaze recipes to keep the silica, feldspar, frit and other particles from settling out (the surface chemistry of the particles and their interaction with water are responsible for this behavior). At the same time the oxide chemistry of kaolin makes it the primary source of alumina oxide for glazes.

Kaolin is a very refractory aluminum silicate. Kaolin-based bodies are used to make all kinds of refractory parts for industry. Kiln wash is often made from 50:50 mix of kaolin and silica. Cordierite is made mainly from kaolin. High heat duty grogs are made by calcining kaolin.

Kaolin is used in many industries other than ceramics, in fact the ceramics industry uses only a small amount of the total kaolin produced. Kaolin companies tend to be billion-dollar operations and kaolin is used in everything from paper to cosmetics, paint to agricultural products

Quartz Powder (Fused and Synthetic) (SiO2)

Quartz, most common of all minerals is composed of silicon dioxide, or silica, SiO2. It is an essential component of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The size varies from specimens weighing a metric ton to minute particles that sparkle in rock surfaces. The luster in some specimens is vitreous; in others it is greasy or glossy.

Some specimens are transparent; others are translucent. In pure form, quartz is colorless, but it is commonly colored by impurities. Rock crystal is a colorless form of quartz occurring in distinct crystals. Rose quartz is coarsely crystalline and colored rose red or pink. Smoky quartz occurs in crystals ranging from smoky yellow to dark brown. Amethyst, a semiprecious variety of quartz, is purple or violet.

Quartz crystals exhibit a property called the piezoelectric effect—that is, they produce an electric voltage when pressurized along certain directions of the crystal.

Quartz also rotates the plane of polarized light and is used in polarizing microscopes.

Typical Applications

Because of its piezoelectric properties, quartz crystal has important applications in the electronics industry. Different forms are also used as gemstones. Because it is a primary ingredient in sand it is also used to make glass & labware, silica brick, cement, and mortar. Ground quartz is used as an abrasive in stonecutting, sandblasting, and glass grinding. Powdered quartz is used in making porcelain, scouring soaps, sandpaper, and wood fillers. Recent uses are with solar panels.

of tricalcium silicate; in the ceramic industry, fluorite is mainly used for enamel, the enamel can play to help the production process
and boosting the role of color; fluorite is also used in ceramic industry and cast stone production.

Limestone is a rock with an enormous diversity of uses. It could be the one rock that is used in more ways than any other. Most limestone is made into crushed stone and used as a construction material. It is used as a crushed stone for road base and railroad ballast. It is used as an aggregate in concrete. It is fired in a kiln with crushed shale to make cement.

Some varieties of limestone perform well in these uses because they are strong, dense rocks with few pore spaces. These properties enable them to stand up well to abrasion and freeze-thaw. Although limestone does not perform as well in these uses as some of the harder silicate rocks, it is much easier to mine and does not exert the same level of wear on mining equipment, crushers, screens, and the beds of the vehicles that transport it.

Ferrosilicon is a ferroalloy - an alloy of iron and silicon. Its CAS number is 8049-17-0. The average silicon content varies between 15 and 90 wt%. It contains a high proportion of iron silicides. Ferrosilicon is produced by reduction of silica or sand with coke in presence of iron.

Ferrosilicon is known to possess good resistance to abrasion, good resistance to corrosion, high specific gravity, and high magnetism, which allows easy magnetic recovery. The melting point and density of ferrosilicon depends on its silicon content and it is available at a low cost.

The following sections will discuss the various properties of ferrosilicon in detail.

The following are the common application areas of ferrosilicon:

As a source of silicon to reduce metals from their oxides and to deoxidize steel and other ferrous alloys

Silicon Carbide is the only chemical compound of carbon and silicon. It was originally produced by a high temperature electro-chemical reaction of sand and carbon. Silicon carbide is an excellent abrasive and has been produced and made into grinding wheels and other abrasive products for over one hundred years. Today the material has been developed into a high quality technical grade ceramic with very good mechanical properties. It is used in abrasives, refractories, ceramics, and numerous high-performance applications. The material can also be made an electrical conductor and has applications in resistance heating, flame igniters and electronic components. Structural and wear applications are constantly developing.