Postage stamp-sized vital sign monitoring

Electrical engineers at Oregon State University (OSU) have developed new technology to monitor medical vital signs, with sophisticated sensors so small and cheap they could fit onto a bandage, be manufactured in high volumes, and cost less than a quarter.

A patent is being processed for the monitoring system and it's now ready for clinical trials, researchers say. When commercialized, it could be used as a disposable electronic sensor, with many potential applications due to its powerful performance, small size, and low cost.

Heart monitoring is one obvious candidate, since the system could gather data on some components of an EKG, such as pulse rate and atrial fibrillation. Its ability to measure EEG brain signals could find use in nursing care for patients with dementia, and recordings of physical activity could improve weight loss programs. Measurements of perspiration and temperature could provide data on infection or disease onset.

And of course, if you can measure pulse rate and skin responses, why not a lie detector?

"Current technology allows you to measure these body signals using bulky, power-consuming, costly instruments," says Patrick Chiang, an associate professor in the OSU School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.

"What we've enabled is the integration of these large components onto a single microchip, achieving significant improvements in power consumption," Chiang says. "We can now make important biomedical measurements more portable, routine, convenient, and affordable than ever before."

The much higher cost and larger size of conventional body data monitoring precludes many possible uses, Chiang says. Compared to other technologies, the new system-on-a-chip cuts the size, weight, power consumption, and cost by about 10 times.

Some of the existing technologies that would compete with this system, such as pedometers currently in use to measure physical activity, cost $100 or more. The new electronics developed at OSU, by comparison, are about the size and thickness of a postage stamp, and could easily just be taped over the heart or at other body locations to measure vital signs.

Part of what enables this small size, Chiang says, is that the system doesn't have a battery. It harvests the sparse radio-frequency energy from a nearby device—in this case, a cell phone. The small smart phone carried by hundreds of millions of people around the world can now provide the energy for important biomedical monitoring at the same time.

"The entire field of wearable body monitors is pretty exciting," Chiang says. "By being able to dramatically reduce the size, weight, and cost of these devices, it opens new possibilities in medical treatment, health care, disease prevention, weight management, and other fields."

The new technology could be used in conjunction with cell phones or other radio frequency devices within about 15 ft, but the underlying micropowered system-on-a-chip technology can be run by other energy-harvested power sources, such as body heat or physical movement.

OSU will work to develop this technology in collaboration with private industry, an increasing area of emphasis for the university. In the past two years, private financing of OSU research has increased by 42%, and the university has signed 108 research-based licenses of OSU technology.