Women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or trying to conceive need more of certain vitamins and minerals than other people, especially folic acid.

Some women with very healthy and varied diets may already get enough essential nutrients through their diet.

But many women take prenatal supplements to ensure they are getting a full range of vitamins and minerals to support themselves and the developing fetus properly.

This article discusses the most important prenatal vitamins and why they are necessary.

What are prenatal vitamins?

Prenatal vitamins are often available in one multivitamin supplement.

Prenatal vitamins are nutritional supplements that usually contain a concentrated mix of minerals and vitamins that a woman’s body needs more of during pregnancy.

Ideally, a woman will take prenatal vitamins while trying to become pregnant, and while she is breastfeeding.

Some women take the individual prenatal nutrients as separate supplements, but it is often easier to take them in one multivitamin supplement.

Benefits

Taking specific prenatal vitamins may reduce the risk of complications, for both the mother and the developing fetus as well as help a mother go full term.

Folic acid

Taking folic acid before becoming pregnant and throughout pregnancy may help reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Folic acid is also known as folate or vitamin B-9.

Neural tubes are embryonic structures that eventually form the spine and brain of the fetus. Neural tube defects can cause serious spine and brain conditions, including spina bifida, a condition where parts of the backbone do not close properly.

Other vitamins and nutrients

Aside from folic acid, several other key nutrients can benefit pregnant and breastfeeding women and developing fetuses. These include:

Iron: Pregnant women need about twice the usual recommended amount of the mineral iron. Iron is another crucial component in red blood cells. Pregnant women who do not get enough iron may develop iron-deficiency anemia.

Zinc: Supports the immune system and helps the body make proteins, divide cells, and synthesize DNA for new cells.

Vitamin B-12: Helps the body make healthy red blood cells and neurons, which are the specialized cells found in the spinal cord and brain. B-12 also helps these cells to function properly.

Calcium and vitamin D: Work together to help develop fetal bones and teeth. Vitamin D is also crucial for healthy eye and skin development. Calcium may reduce the risk of preeclampsia, a leading cause of illness and death in pregnant women, and newborns.

Vitamin A: Helps cells grow and differentiate, contributing to the healthy development of vision and many vital organs.

Best prenatal vitamins to take

There are many different prenatal vitamins to choose from, including those available at a pharmacy or online. A doctor may sometimes prescribe prenatal vitamins to women with particular health considerations.

Deciding which prenatal supplements to buy comes down to what they contain. Different women will need different doses of some vitamins and minerals, depending on factors such as diet, age, and activity levels.

Typically, a good prenatal vitamin for most women over 19 years of age should contain:

Omega-3

Prenatal vitamins often contain omega-3 because some pregnant women do not get enough from their diet.

Several other nutrients are also common constituents of prenatal multivitamins, but nutritionists know less about their benefits or how and when to take them.

One example of this is omega-3 fatty acids, compounds that help give structure to cell membranes, especially those in the brain and retina.

According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the daily intake need by pregnant women is 1.4 grams (g) and 1.3 g per day for breastfeeding women, compared to 1.1 g per day for other women 14 years of age and older.

But a 2015 systemic review that examined nearly 150 studies looking at the impact of omega-3 supplementation on maternal and fetal health found only a small increase in gestation time and birth weight.

So, while it might not hurt for a prenatal vitamin to include omega-3s, it may not be as necessary as once thought.

Omega-3 fatty acids are commonly in prenatal vitamins because some pregnant women may struggle to get enough in their diet.

Fish and seafood are common sources of omega-3s, but many species contain high levels of mercury that research has associated with birth abnormalities.

Prenatal vitamins with fish or seafood content should only come from species typically low in mercury, such as:

catfish

salmon

pollock

shrimp

Seafood species to avoid when pregnant or breastfeeding include:

swordfish

shark

king mackerel

marin

tilefish

orange roughy

white tuna

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists list all these species of fish in their advice on nutrition during pregnancy.

If a person has concerns about omega-3 fatty acids from fish or seafood, they can consider plant-based foods and supplements instead.

However, the World Health Organization (WHO) currently say that a joint vitamin C and E supplement likely has little impact on women or developing fetuses, and may increase the risk of PROM.

When to start taking them

Ideally, women should start taking prenatal vitamins a few months before becoming pregnant and continue while breastfeeding.

For example, women may want to start taking 400–800 mcg of folic acid daily for at least three months before becoming pregnant and throughout their pregnancy, to reduce the risk of neural tube defects.

Many women start taking prenatal vitamins after they find out they are pregnant.

Women with underlying health conditions should speak with their doctor or pharmacist before taking prenatal vitamins to avoid possible complications or interactions.

Side effects

Nutrients in prenatal vitamins can cause side effects, mostly mild to moderate digestive discomfort such as:

But women usually only experience more serious or severe side effects when they take too many prenatal vitamins or very high doses of specific vitamins.

One notable example to be aware of concerns vitamin A. This is because taking more than 10,000 IU or 3,000 mcg of vitamin A can cause birth abnormalities, as well as bone loss and liver damage.

Women who experience side effects of prenatal vitamins or symptoms they cannot explain should usually stop taking the vitamins, and talk with a doctor or pharmacist. Women who experience severe side effects should seek emergency medical attention.

Other considerations

Any pregnant woman on existing medication should talk to their doctor before taking a prenatal supplement.

Specific considerations, such as which prenatal vitamin to take, when to take it, and how to take it depends largely on individual factors.

Many multivitamin supplements contain the correct amounts of prenatal vitamins, though usually not those for pregnant or breastfeeding women.

Vegetarian and vegan women may need prenatal vitamins with higher doses of nutrients that can be difficult to get from plant sources alone, such as:

vitamin B-12

B-2 (riboflavin)

calcium

vitamin D

iodine

Vegetarian and vegan women may also want a prenatal vitamin that comes in tablet form or capsules with plant-based coatings rather than coatings containing gelatin.

Pregnant women taking any regular medications or supplements should talk with a doctor before choosing a vitamin supplement.

A woman can take prenatal vitamins any time of the day, but it is usually best to avoid taking them too close to bedtime. Women with morning sickness can also take vitamins later in the day.

Some prenatal nutrients are best absorbed in smaller doses, especially calcium, so many prenatal vitamins are best taken once or twice daily.

Spreading out vitamin doses, and taking them with food and water, may reduce the risk of minor side effects. Women who continue to have minor side effects from prenatal vitamins after these considerations can try different brands or formulas.

Summary

Certain vitamin and mineral supplements may reduce the risks of serious birth abnormalities and maternal complications.

Important nutrients for women to take before conceiving, and during pregnancy or breastfeeding, include:

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Using olive oil to break up earwax is a home remedy some people use to remove earwax plugs from the ear. But does olive oil work, and is it safe?

Earwax is a thick substance that helps moisturize and protect the ears. It also helps remove dirt and dead skin cells in the ear.

Though many people feel the need to clean their ears and remove the excess wax, there is no medical or hygiene need to do so. The ear is completely self-cleaning, and earwax plays an essential role in this process.

People produce different amounts of earwax, and this is unrelated to hygiene. In particular, older people and those with lots of hair in their ears are more likely to have larger amounts of earwax.

Read on for the answers to some common questions about using olive oil in the ears.

Uses

Olive oil can break up earwax that has become stuck in the ear canal.

People can use warm olive oil to help break up earwax that has hardened and become stuck in the ear canal. The oil helps to soften the earwax, making it easier for it to move out of the canal.

In addition, some people suggest that placing a few drops of warmed olive oil into the ear of someone with an ear infection can be soothing and comforting.

While it is unlikely to cause harm, there is no research to show that this remedy is effective.

Though most people are aware of the risk of using cotton swabs to clean their ears, many still admit that they use them to remove excess earwax.

By using cotton swabs, there is a risk of accidentally sticking the swab too deep into the ear and damaging the eardrum.

Also, cotton swabs can push earwax deeper into the ear canal where it can harden and become a plug. Olive oil may be a safe alternative.

Does it work?

The authors of a 2013 study looked at people who placed drops of olive oil in their ear every night to see if the oil altered the amount of earwax.

They found that, contrary to their hypothesis, the earwax actually increased in the ears of people who used olive oil drops regularly, and the oil did not help it come out naturally.

However, they also found that the wax was more easily removable when people sprayed olive oil into their ear just prior to a doctor’s irrigation.

Some practitioners caution on the use of olive oil as the wax expands and can increase pain.

A 2010 study suggested that olive oil was more effective than no treatment but less effective than triethanolamine polypeptide, a type of eardrop that a doctor may use.

The researchers found that wet irrigation, such as with water or olive oil, is better than dry irrigation. They also found that adverse events from at-home irrigation were minor, so using olive oil might be a safe option.

How to use olive oil

Talk to your doctor to find out if olive oil is right for you.

To put olive oil in the ear, lie down on one side with the affected ear facing upward. Then gently pull the upper ear up and back. This method opens the ear canal and helps the oil go straight into the canal.

Use an eyedropper to drop 2–3 drops of oil into the ear. Some people prefer to dip a cotton swab into the oil and allow the oil to drip into the ear. Take care not to put the eyedropper or cotton swab directly into the ear canal.

Gently rub the skin in front of the ear, near the jaw, to help the oil settle down into the canal.

Remain lying down to let the ear absorb the oil. Oil may run out of the ear upon standing. If this happens, use a tissue to wipe it up.

Some people chose to warm the oil before putting it in their ear. Make sure to place a few drops of the oil on the inside of the wrist to test the temperature. Do not place the oil in the ear if it is too hot.

If a person does not get relief from the oil, it is best to see a doctor.

Safety and risks

Olive oil can cause itching in the ear or dizziness.

Olive oil is generally safe to use in small quantities in the ear. However, people with a ruptured eardrum should never put olive oil or other substances in the ear.

Irrigating the ear with olive oil can cause side effects such as itching, outer ear infections, dizziness, and skin irritation.

Anyone with an allergy to olives or olive oil should not try this remedy.

It is also vital to be cautious when using this home remedy with children. Do not use hot olive oil, as it may burn the child.

When to see a doctor

If someone has ear pain that does not go away after a few days of home remedies, it is best to see a doctor.

Also, anyone who suspects that they might have a ruptured eardrum or symptoms of an ear infection, such as pain and swelling, should contact their doctor.

Summary

Though using olive oil in the ear may have some benefits, there is not sufficient research to conclude that it is more effective than medical remedies. Some research suggests it may make an earwax buildup worse.

However, it is usually safe to try this home remedy as long as a person takes a few precautions, such as using a small amount and not overheating it.

Anyone who wishes to try using olive oil for an earwax buildup or ear pain should consult a doctor if their symptoms do not improve.

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2019 Healthline Media UK Ltd. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional.

Controversy surrounds the inclusion of nutritional supplements in mental health treatments, with much research proving inconclusive. A major new review now explains which supplements have shown the most promise for specific mental health conditions.

Some supplements, such as omega-3s, may indeed benefit mental health, according to a major new review.

“While there has been a long-standing interest in the use of nutrient supplements in the treatment of mental illness, the topic is often quite polarising and surrounded by either over-hyped claims or undue cynicism,” says Joseph Firth, Ph.D., a senior research fellow at Western Sydney University, in Australia.

Indeed, over time, different nutritional supplements have received, by turns, either approval or disapproval from nutritionists and researchers. Studies have concluded either that supplements can benefit various aspects of physical and mental health or that they have no significant effects at all.

In particular, supplements as potential aids in the treatment of mental health conditions have received a lot of attention of late, what with recent research suggesting that the diet may play a key role in psychological well-being.

So can supplements help support mental health, or are they of little use in this regard? To try and settle the matter, Firth and colleagues recently conducted the largest review of the existing evidence to date.

“In this most recent research, we have brought together the data from dozens and dozens of clinical trials conducted all over the world, in over 10,000 individuals treated for mental illness,” Firth says.

They present their findings in a paper featured in the journal World Psychiatry.

“This mass of data has allowed us to investigate the benefits and safety of various different nutrients for mental health conditions — on a larger scale than what has ever been possible before.”

Joseph Firth, Ph.D.

The supplements that help — sometimes

Firth and colleagues reviewed 33 top quality meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Collectively, the studies included in the analyses looked at data from a total of 10,951 people with various mental health conditions.

The team wanted to find out not only which supplements would benefit which conditions, but also which dosages would achieve those positive effects and how safe the supplements actually are.

In the “Discussion” section of their paper, the authors report that “The majority of nutritional supplements assessed did not significantly improve mental health outcomes.”

However, they note, a few supplements did help improve specific symptoms of particular disorders “under certain conditions” and when the person took them alongside other treatments.

The meta-analyses that the researchers assessed indicated that omega-3 supplements could help relieve symptoms of major depression in people who also take antidepressants.

Also, limited evidence suggested that omega-3 supplements may offer small improvements to some people with ADHD.

For mood disorders and schizophrenia, N-acetylcysteine — an amino acid — seemed to help when individuals took it alongside their regular treatments.

Various dosages of folate-based supplements seemed to help with managing symptoms of depression and schizophrenia — though folic acid did not have this effect.

Yet when it comes to vitamins and minerals, the researchers found no compelling evidence to suggest that these could help manage any symptoms related to mental health.

However, the researchers add, as long as individuals follow dosage recommendations, they are not likely to experience serious adverse effects of taking any supplements. Moreover, supplements did not appear to interact with psychiatric medications.

“Future research should aim to determine which individuals might benefit most from evidence-based supplements and to better understand the underlying mechanisms, so we can adopt a targeted approach to supplement use in mental health treatment,” advises senior researcher Prof. Jerome Sarris.

“The role of the gut microbiome in mental health is a rapidly emerging field of research; however, more research is needed into the role of ‘psychobiotics’ in mental health treatment,” he cautions.

People following the ketogenic diet may experience minor, short term symptoms, such as nausea, fatigue, and headaches. Some call this the keto flu.

Another name for the keto flu is keto induction, as these symptoms tend to occur when people start the diet. The symptoms develop when the body enters a state of ketosis, during which it burns fat for energy.

These symptoms arise as the body gets used to operating with fewer carbohydrates and as it enters a state of ketosis. The symptoms result from temporary imbalances in energy sources, insulin, and minerals in the body.

Why does keto flu happen?

Carbohydrates are the body’s main energy source. On the keto diet, a person reduces their carb intake to fewer than 50 grams (g) per day, compared with the recommended 200–300 g per day.

When the body does not take in enough carbs to use for energy, the liver begins to produce glucose for energy, using its stores. This process is called glucogenesis.

Eventually, the liver will not be able to produce enough glucose to keep up with the energy demands of the body.

The body will then start to break down fatty acids, which will produce ketone bodies, in a process called ketogenesis. Body tissues then use ketone bodies as fuel, and the body enters a state of ketosis.

The medical community considers nutritional ketosis to be safe for most people. However, people may experience symptoms.

The lack of carbohydrates decreases the amount of insulin in the bloodstream. As a result, people may experience an increase in the amount of sodium, potassium, and water that is released in the urine, which will cause dehydration.

Insulin is also involved in transporting glucose to the brain. Before the brain starts to use ketones for energy, it will have less fuel. This will occur for about the first 3 days of the diet before blood glucose returns to regular levels.

Symptoms may reduce as the body reaches a state of nutritional ketosis. This involves the blood concentration of a particular ketone body, called beta-hydroxybutyrate, being 0.5 millimoles per liter or more.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms of the keto flu are usually mild, begin when a person starts the diet, and may only last a few days to a few weeks. They may ease off when the body enters a state of ketosis.

People on the keto diet may have bad breath. When the body has reached nutritional ketosis, the liver produces a ketone called acetone. Acetone enters the lungs, and it gives off a characteristic smell when a person exhales it.

Despite these symptoms, some researchers suggest that the keto diet can be beneficial for people with endocrine diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, or neurological diseases, including epilepsy.

Is keto flu a sign of ketoacidosis?

Keto flu is not the same as ketoacidosis.

Ketoacidosis is a condition in which the body produces large numbers of ketone bodies. This causes the blood to become more acidic. Ketoacidosis can be a life threatening condition.

Typically, people on the keto diet do not have ketoacidosis.

Treatments and home remedies

The keto diet can help a person lose weight, but some people are put off by keto flu symptoms. These are temporary, and treatments and remedies can ease them.

The following strategies can help:

Eat different dietary fats

Choosing certain fats, such as olive oil, can reduce the risk of keto flu symptoms.

If a person on the keto diet experiences abdominal symptoms, dietitians may recommend changing the types of fats in the diet.

High levels of medium chain triglycerides, from foods such as coconut oil, butter, and palm kernel oil, can cause cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting.

Eating fewer of these foods and more of those with long chain triglycerides, such as olive oil, may help prevent abdominal symptoms in people on the keto diet.

Take medications

Doctors may also prescribe histamine 2-receptor blockers or proton pump inhibitors to people who experience acid reflux.

Eat more fiber

People may have constipation or diarrhea when on the keto diet.

Dietitians may recommend eating more high fiber vegetables or taking fiber supplements to people with constipation. They may suggest taking carbohydrate free laxatives if these dietary changes are unsuccessful.

Drink more water

People on the keto diet may experience dehydration. If the person also has diarrhea, the risk of dehydration is higher.

Doctors recommend that people on the keto diet make sure to consume enough fluid and electrolytes to prevent dehydration.

Take supplements

One possible long term effect of the keto diet is vitamin and mineral deficiency. A doctor may suggest taking vitamin supplements to ensure that the body is receiving adequate amounts of calcium, vitamin D, zinc, and selenium.

Manage diabetes

People with diabetes who follow a keto diet may experience episodes of low blood sugar, which doctors call hypoglycemia.

Before a person with diabetes begins a keto diet, they should consult a doctor. The doctor may need to modify insulin and oral drug dosages.

When to see a doctor

A person with concerns about their symptoms should speak to a doctor.

If symptoms of the keto flu develop, it may not be necessary to consult a doctor. The symptoms are usually short term, minor, and easy to manage at home. However, doctors can recommend effective treatments.

They can also monitor a person’s condition and help prevent long term complications from developing. These may include:

deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin D, selenium, magnesium, zinc, and phosphorus

Persistent nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain may require medical attention. Anyone who is unsure whether their symptoms are to be expected should consult a doctor.

Before deciding to follow a keto diet, it is a good idea to consult a doctor to ensure that it is safe. This diet is not safe for everyone and can cause serious complications.

Doctors should frequently monitor cholesterol and fat levels in people on a keto diet, which can raise cholesterol levels. For this reason, it is important for people on the diet to let their doctors know.

People with fat metabolism disorders are at risk of coma or death if they fast or follow the keto diet.

Also, some medications, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, can interact with the diet.

Summary

People with keto flu most commonly report abdominal symptoms, headaches, and fatigue.

Research suggests that the keto diet is safe and that the symptoms are usually minor and short term. However, doctors agree that the keto diet requires strict medical supervision to be effective for weight loss.

To minimize the risk of complications, people should start the diet slowly and gradually and visit their healthcare providers regularly. Also, dietitians can help with easing into the dietary changes.

Making certain dietary changes — including consuming plenty of fluids and electrolytes — can help manage symptoms of the keto flu.

Overall, it is important to remember that doctors are unsure about the possible long term health effects of the keto diet. Anyone following this diet should let their doctor know, so that they can monitor for any serious complications.

A person’s diet can have an effect on the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Some foods can improve the condition, while others can make symptoms worse or interfere with medications.

Hyperthyroidism, a type of thyrotoxicosis, is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. Some people refer to this condition as an overactive thyroid. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune condition called Graves’ disease.

The symptoms of an overactive thyroid include unintentional weight loss, anxiety, sweating, frequent bowel movements, difficulty sleeping, and muscle weakness. Hyperthyroidism is much more common in women than in men.

In this article, we discuss how diet affects hyperthyroidism and provide lists of foods to eat and avoid.

How does diet affect hyperthyroidism?

Eating fresh fruits and vegetables can benefit an overactive thyroid.

Eating certain foods will not cure hyperthyroidism, but some nutrients and minerals play a role in managing the underlying condition. Diet can affect both the production of thyroid hormones and how the thyroid functions.

The following nutrients and chemicals are among those that can affect hyperthyroidism:

Iodine, which the thyroid gland uses to produce thyroid hormone. Too much iodine in the diet can increase the production of thyroid hormone.

Calcium and vitamin D are vital because hyperthyroidism can cause problems with bone mineral density.

Foods and drinks containing caffeine can worsen the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Below, we discuss some of the nutrients that can affect thyroid function and note which foods contain them.

Foods to eat

The following foods can have benefits for people with an overactive thyroid:

Low iodine foods

If a person is planning to receive radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism, their doctor may ask them to follow a low iodine diet.

Cruciferous vegetables

Some cruciferous vegetables contain compounds that decrease thyroid hormone production and may reduce iodine uptake by the thyroid. Both of these effects may be beneficial for a person with hyperthyroidism.

However, anyone with hypothyroidism (decreased thyroid function) should avoid eating large amounts of these foods.

Foods containing selenium

Brazil nuts are rich in selenium.

Selenium is a micronutrient that the body requires for the metabolism of thyroid hormones. Research suggests that selenium can help improve some of the symptoms of autoimmune thyroid disease, such as thyroid eye disease.

Among people using anti-thyroid medications, those who take selenium supplements may achieve normal thyroid levels more quickly than those who do not.

Many people with hyperthyroidism have vitamin D deficiency. The primary source of vitamin D is the sun hitting the skin so that the body can make its own. However, due to concerns about sun exposure and increased risk of skin cancer, many people actively limit their time in the sun or use sunscreen.

Not many foods are good sources of vitamin D, but the following foods contain some of this vitamin:

salmon and tuna

milk and some fortified dairy products (check the labels)

fortified soy milk

fortified cereals

Spices

Turmeric may reduce the frequency of thyroid disease.

Studies have linked certain spices, including turmeric and green chilis, to a reduced frequency of thyroid disease, including hyperthyroidism.

Turmeric also has anti-inflammatory properties.

People can use different spices, such as turmeric, to add flavor to their food.

Foods to avoid

Below, we look at the foods that can be harmful to people with hyperthyroidism if they eat them in large quantities:

Iodine-rich foods

Too much iodine can make hyperthyroidism worse by leading the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone.

A person with hyperthyroidism should avoid eating excessive amounts of iodine-rich foods, such as:

iodized salt

fish and shellfish

seaweed or kelp

dairy products

iodine supplements

food products containing red dye

egg yolks

blackstrap molasses

carrageenan, which is an additive

baked goods with iodate dough conditioners

Soy

Animal studies have shown that soy ingestion can interfere with radioactive iodine uptake for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Gluten

Research suggests that autoimmune thyroid disease, including Graves’ disease, is more common among people who have celiac disease than among those who do not.

The reason for this is not apparent, but genetics may play a role. Having celiac disease can also make a person more likely to develop other autoimmune disorders.

Celiac disease causes damage to the small intestine as a result of the ingestion of gluten. Gluten is a protein in wheat, barley, oats, and rye.

People with celiac disease need to follow a gluten free diet. Some research suggests that following a gluten free diet may facilitate better absorption of thyroid medications by the intestine and decrease inflammation.

Caffeine

Caffeine can worsen some symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including palpitations, tremors, anxiety, and insomnia.

Where possible, a person with hyperthyroidism should try to avoid foods and drinks containing caffeine. These include:

regular coffee

black tea

chocolate

regular soda

energy drinks

Summary

Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is overactive and produces excess thyroid hormone. People should follow their treatment plan and any dietary recommendations from their doctor.

Changing the diet might improve symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Certain nutrients may help support healthy thyroid function or decrease hyperthyroidism symptoms.

A doctor or dietitian will be able to provide more information about dietary changes for hyperthyroidism.

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Although it is difficult to gain weight specifically on the face, putting weight on generally or improving muscle tone can make a person’s face appear fuller. Certain facial exercises and remedies may also help.

The shape of a person’s face naturally changes over their lifetime because aging can lead to a loss of fat or muscle tone around the face. Face shape can also vary depending on a person’s current body weight and how much muscle they have.

Some people may want to gain weight on their face to give it a rounder, plumper, or fuller appearance.

In this article, we discuss at-home methods that people can try to gain weight on the face, important factors to consider, and medical options.

Will gaining fat or muscle help?

Safely gaining fat or muscle can help create a fuller facial shape.

It is not possible to specifically target the face when gaining extra weight naturally. However, gaining weight overall can help people achieve a fuller facial appearance.

Working out the facial muscles can make them stronger, which may make the face appear fuller.

However, some people use facial exercises to lose weight in their face. These exercises can result in a more defined face rather than a plump or rounded appearance.

Healthful ways to gain weight

Anyone looking to gain weight should ensure that they take a healthful approach. While the basis of gaining weight is to eat more calories than the body burns each day, choosing specific sources of these calories helps a person stay healthy while gaining weight.

Eat nutrient-rich foods that contain healthful fats

Some healthful foods that are naturally high in calories may help a person gain weight and keep their face more plump. There are many different options, but the following are good examples of foods to choose:

Seeds and nuts. These natural energy sources are high in calories, but they also provide plenty of vitamins, minerals, and healthful fatty acids, helping a person gain weight in a healthy way.

Milk. Milk from animals usually contains more calories per serving than drinks such as plant milks, tea, or juice. It is also rich in fats and contains key nutrients and minerals.

Fatty fish. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, herring, and cod, contain more calories from healthful fats than other types of fish and meat. These fats can also promote skin health, as the skin needs fat cells to keep it looking youthful.

Apply products to the skin

Topical products may hydrate the skin, and long term use may protect the skin cells from aging, resulting in fuller skin that appears healthy.

There are no research studies to confirm that topical products can encourage weight gain on the face, despite some people believing that they are effective. However, the popular methods below are generally safe to try and incur few side effects.

Honey or sugar

Applying honey to the face may benefit the skin.

Honey and sugar are both natural humectants, which means that they pull moisture in from the outside environment and store it in the skin. By doing this, they may give the facial skin a more full appearance.

Honey also contains helpful vitamins, enzymes, and amino acids. As a review article in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology notes, high quality honey also contains helpful antioxidants and has some skin healing properties.

Regularly applying honey to the skin may help provide nutrients to the skin cells and protect them from damage.

Oils

Some people claim that applying natural oils to the face may help a person achieve a more youthful look by creating fuller, plumper cheeks.

There is no scientific evidence to suggest that applying oil to the face will help a person gain weight on this part of the body. However, as a study in The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology notes, fatty acids may fill in the spaces between the outermost layers of skin cells.

Certain oils may be helpful for the skin when a person applies them topically, including:

Each person’s skin will react differently to the various oils. Anyone considering applying oil to their face should test it on one patch of skin first to see whether it causes a reaction or any other issues, such as acne.

Face masks

Face masks may also bring moisture to the skin, which may be especially helpful for a face that appears thin due to aging.

Many different store-bought masks use special formulations to benefit the skin, often including ingredients such as:

glycerin

urea

hyaluronic acid

lanolin

petrolatum

mineral oil

However, people who prefer to create their own face masks can try using natural ingredients, such as:

Facial workouts

Facial yoga is a type of exercise that may help define features in the face.

Doing regular facial exercises may help add bulk to the facial muscles, which could make the face appear larger.

A 2018 study looked at the effects of facial exercises on the appearance of aging. Women between the ages of 40 and 65 years who did a facial workout routine consisting of 32 exercises for 20 weeks reported improvements in their facial structure. Specifically, their upper and lower cheeks appeared more full.

This study was small, and more studies are necessary to back up these claims. However, this does not stop people from trying practices such as facial yoga to try to fill in their cheeks. They can also try other activities that involve the movement of the face, including chewing gum and doing facial massages.

Are there medical options?

If natural methods to gain weight on the face do not work, some people consider medical options.

People looking to gain weight in the face may opt for fat transfer surgery. This procedure involves surgeons taking fat from another area of the body and injecting it into the face.

Another option is to use dermal fillers. Doctors inject fillers into part of the face, typically the cheeks, to give the face a more plump look.

Some people may also consider cheek augmentation for a more permanent solution. Surgeons will put a solid implant over the cheekbones to emphasize the cheeks.

Of course, surgery always involves risks, so it is essential to discuss the pros and cons with a doctor before making this very personal decision.

Summary

Aside from gaining weight overall, there are no surefire ways to gain weight specifically on the face. It may be possible to naturally fill out the face by performing various facial exercises or using topical products.

Some cosmetic treatments may provide a longer term solution for a person who is more self-conscious about their facial appearance.

People can discuss any treatments with a doctor, who should be able to provide advice about the medical options to help the face look fuller.

2019 Healthline Media UK Ltd. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional.

Welcome to Medical News Today

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There are various home remedies that people can try to fade the color of suntans, tan lines, and self-tans. Learn about the best methods, and what to avoid, in this article.

Suntans develop when ultraviolet rays from the sun change the pigment in the skin to produce a darker color. Removing a tan is not straightforward, and it does not happen overnight. However, some methods can help fade a tan more quickly.

Without intervention, a suntan usually starts to fade within a few weeks, and tan lines become less prominent until eventually they are not noticeable. This is because the body sheds dead skin cells and replaces them with new ones. A tan from tanning products also fades over time as the skin renews itself.

This article looks at safe methods that people can use to remove a suntan or self-tan at home. It also discusses methods to avoid that could cause possible skin damage, including lemon juice and skin bleaching creams.

How to get rid of a tan

Exfoliation may help fade a suntan.

Most methods to get rid of a suntan, whether from a bottle, tanning booth, or the sun, come from recommendations on exfoliating and skin care.

There has not been very much clinical research related to ways to get rid of a tan, but many popular methods are safe and have few side effects.

There are many different skin types and ways to apply products. The best method might vary depending on a person’s skin tone, their preferred products, and the methods they use.

Ways to fade a suntan

People can try the following methods to help remove or fade a tan from the sun or a sunbed:

Exfoliation

Gently exfoliating the skin will help remove pigmented dead skin cells from the outer layer of skin. This can reduce the appearance of the tan.

The two main types of exfoliation are chemical and mechanical techniques:

People with dry, sensitive skin may find that a soft washcloth and chemical exfoliator work best. People with thicker, oily skin may find that stronger chemicals and mechanical methods work best for them.

Regardless of skin type, be sure to exfoliate gently. Overdoing it can turn the skin red and may prompt acne breakouts. People with darker skin tones may find that over-exfoliating can cause dark spots on the skin.

People should be sure to moisturize their skin after exfoliation to prevent over-drying it. Moisturizers containing aloe are a good place to start when it comes to softening skin.

Both drugstores and online stores sell skin lightening products. Remember to check the ingredients before purchase.

How to remove tanning products

People may be able to remove excess self-tanning product from their skin by taking a shower.

People can try the following methods to help remove self-tanning products from the skin:

Take a shower or bath

If a self-tan becomes streaky or there are lines of color, a shower, bath, or even a quick rinse with soap after applying the product can help even out the skin tone.

People can use a soft, wet washcloth to exfoliate the skin and remove excess product.

Baking soda

Because self-tanner essentially “dyes” the outermost layers of skin, exfoliation methods to remove these outer skin cells are some of the most sure-fire ways to reduce the appearance of a self-tan.

Combining baking soda with just enough water to make a paste is a very effective way to remove excess tan buildup or streaking from the skin. Gently scrub in a circular motion to reduce the appearance of streaking without irritating the skin.

A gentle nail buffer

This solution will only be suitable for callused and tougher areas of the skin, such as the hands and feet. Use a nail buffer to gently buff away any areas of collected tanner that make the hands and feet appear dirty or too orange.

Self-tanner removers

Drugstores also offer products to help remove self-tan. These include soaps, lotions, and exfoliating gloves. People can also choose between types and brands of self-tan removal products online.

What not to do

Many blogs and social media accounts offer advice on self-tanner removal, but not all of the advice is good. The skin is a delicate organ, so it is important not to apply products to it that are not intended for skin.

The following are some examples of methods to avoid when it comes to tanner removal:

Lemon juice

For many years now, people have used lemon juice as a lightener for their hair and skin. Many blogs suggest using fresh lemons to remove tanner streaks or lighten skin. However, undiluted lemon juice can be very acidic and damaging to the skin.

If a person does want to use lemon juice, they should dilute it in water and rinse off the lemon juice a few minutes after applying it. This reduces the risk of skin irritation.

Skin bleaching products

In the U.S., skin bleaching products are only available by prescription.

Some people may try to purchase skin bleaching or whitening products online. However, these products are only available in the United States by prescription, and for good reason; they are not for everyone.

Bleaching creams can be irritating to the skin and affect skin pigmentation, so instead of darker streaks, a person has lighter streaks.

A person should never use liquid bleach on their skin, as it can severely burn and damage it.

Windex

Model Ashley Graham posted on her social media accounts that she uses the window cleaner Windex to remove streaky self-tan areas. However, this is not safe.

The solution contains strong chemicals not meant for skin, only windows and glass surfaces.

Summary

Gentle exfoliation and certain approved skin lightening products can help reduce the appearance of a tan.

A range of home remedies can help even out a self-tan at home. Exfoliating before applying tan may help reduce unevenness or streaking.

Although spending time in the sun has plenty of health benefits, people should always wear sunscreen and limit the amount of time spent outdoors in hot sun to reduce the risk of skin cancer and premature aging.

If a person is not sure whether an approach to tan removal is safe, they should talk to their dermatologist before trying it.

2019 Healthline Media UK Ltd. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional.

Welcome to Medical News Today

Healthline Media, Inc. would like to process and share personal data (e.g., mobile ad id) and data about your use of our site (e.g., content interests) with our third party partners (see a current list) using cookies and similar automatic collection tools in order to a) personalize content and/or offers on our site or other sites, b) communicate with you upon request, and/or c) for additional reasons upon notice and, when applicable, with your consent.

Healthline Media, Inc. is based in and operates this site from the United States. Any data you provide will be primarily stored and processed in the United States, pursuant to the laws of the United States, which may provide lesser privacy protections than European Economic Area countries.

By clicking “accept” below, you acknowledge and grant your consent for these activities unless and until you withdraw your consent using our rights request form. Learn more in our Privacy Policy.

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We do not store details you enter into this form. Please see our privacy policy for more information.

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Laryngitis is inflammation of the larynx, or voice box, which sits in the front of the throat. People can speed up the healing process using some home remedies.

When the voice box is inflamed, it can cause symptoms such as:

painful swallowing

a chronic cough

postnasal drip

feeling as though there is a lump in the throat

a dry throat

a hoarse or lost voice

feeling the need to clear the throat often

Although laryngitis usually subsides with time, the symptoms can interfere with everyday life. In this article, we look at the best home remedies for laryngitis.

Resting the voice

Resting the voice can help reduce inflammation and irritation of the vocal cords.

Although it is vital to rest the voice, people should not whisper. Whispering causes even more irritation than speaking quietly.

Gargling salt water

Gargling salt water might help alleviate symptoms of laryngitis.

Salt water can help kill harmful bacteria and may reduce pain. Try adding half a teaspoon of salt to an 8 ounce glass of warm water and stir to let the salt dissolve.

Gargle the salty water in the back of the throat, then spit it out. Be careful to not swallow the water.

This method is not suitable for young children, as they might accidently swallow the water if they are unable to gargle correctly.

Using a humidifier

Adding moisture to the air by using a humidifier or a personal vaporizer can help soothe a dry and inflamed throat.

People can also add cooling essential oils, such as menthol or eucalyptus, to the humidifier.

Although there is little high quality evidence to support the notion that these scents can help ease the symptoms of laryngitis, some people find them helpful.

It is important to keep essential oils away from children. Using essential oils in a humidifier can also be harmful to pets, including cats and dogs, so make sure to research the oils or ask a vet first.

Eating garlic

Many people support the use of garlic for easing cold and flu symptoms.

Research suggests that garlic has antibacterial properties, so it may help a person get over the infection sooner.

It is easy to incorporate garlic into cooked meals. However, for those who do not like the taste of garlic, there are supplements available that have the same benefit but less flavor.

Trying ginger root

The antibacterial properties of ginger root may help relieve a sore throat.

Ginger root is another food that people have used for generations to treat illnesses, particularly sore throats and upper respiratory infections.

Research suggests that ginger has antibacterial properties and can help reduce inflammation.

People can try drinking a ginger tea or adding ginger root to hot water to relieve sore throat pain or inflammation.

Drinking hot water with honey

By fighting inflammation, it may help reduce pain and discomfort in the throat. Honey can also act as a cough suppressant.

People who find honey too sweet can add lemon juice to the hot water.

Increasing fluid intake

Though it can be tempting to avoid eating or drinking anything, especially if it hurts to swallow, it is vital to stay hydrated.

Drinking warm or cool liquids can help soothe the vocal cords and hydrate a dry throat. People should avoid fluids that irritate the throat, however, including sodas and very hot beverages.

Milk and dairy products can also increase mucus production and worsen symptoms.

Managing GERD

Managing stomach acid can help when laryngitis is due to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

To treat GERD, people can try:

using an over-the-counter (OTC) stomach acid medication

avoiding large meals

waiting at least 3 hours after eating before going to sleep

sleeping with the head slightly elevated

Making dietary changes can also be helpful. People with GERD and GERD-related laryngitis may wish to avoid:

caffeine

chocolate

spicy foods

fatty foods

peppermint

If these suggestions do not relieve GERD, it is important to see a doctor for further evaluation and advice on treatment options.

Avoiding smoking and alcohol

Whether laryngitis is acute or chronic, avoiding smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol can help relieve inflammation.

This is especially important when prolonged cigarette or alcohol use is the trigger for laryngitis. People can speak to a doctor about help quitting if necessary.

Using OTC pain relievers

Using OTC pain relievers can relieve swelling and a sore throat, making a person more comfortable throughout the day.

In addition to using medications specifically for a sore throat, people can also use generic pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.

Although some people use aspirin to relieve laryngitis symptoms, children should never use this medication. In children, aspirin can cause a potentially life threatening complication called Reye’s syndrome.

Causes

Chronic laryngitis occurs when symptoms last longer than 3 weeks.

There are two different types of laryngitis: acute and chronic. Infections and illnesses, usually an upper respiratory infection, can cause acute laryngitis. It tends to last for a few days, until the illness goes away.

Chronic laryngitis, on the other hand, occurs when it lasts for longer than 3 weeks.

Causes of chronic laryngitis include smoking, heavy alcohol use, GERD, exposure to irritating chemicals, and overusing or abusing the voice (such as by yelling).

Summary

Laryngitis occurs when the larynx, or voice box, becomes inflamed or irritated. In most cases, the condition is short lived and easily manageable using home remedies.

If sore throat pain or laryngitis do not go away within 2 weeks using these remedies, it is best to see a doctor, as acute laryngitis usually resolves within this time.

A doctor can help determine if further diagnostic testing or prescription medication is necessary.

Shop for home remedies

Some of the home remedies listed in this article are available to purchase in stores, pharmacies, or online. These include:

We picked linked items based on the quality of products, and list the pros and cons of each to help you determine which will work best for you. We partner with some of the companies that sell these products, which means Healthline UK and our partners may receive a portion of revenues if you make a purchase using a link(s) above.

2019 Healthline Media UK Ltd. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional.

Read on to find out more about fish oil, the side effects of fish oil supplements, how much is too much, and some potential risks.

Side effects of fish oil

If a person is thinking about taking fish oil supplements, they should consult their doctor about any possible side effects.

The side effects a person may experience from fish oil depend on several factors.

These include the person’s overall health, whether they take any medications, and if they have any risk factors for fish oil complications.

Most people who take fish oil supplements do not experience any serious side effects.

It is best to talk to a doctor before taking fish oil supplements, especially if using it for a specific medical condition.

Bad taste or smell

Fish has a distinctive odor, and so does fish oil. Some people report that fish oil tastes bad or leaves an unpleasant taste in their mouth. Others say it causes bad breath or makes their sweat smell bad.

These side effects are the most common ones that people may associate with fish oil, though there is no evidence that they cause lasting harm.

Bleeding

Fish oil is a natural anticoagulant, which means it can prevent the blood from clotting.

This property may help explain some of its heart health benefits, since thinning the blood may improve cardiovascular health.

Sometimes, lowering the dosage or taking fish oil with food can help. In other cases, a person may need to stop using fish oil supplements.

Less frequently, fish oil may cause bleeding in the stomach or intestines and may cause or worsen ulcers. This could be because fish oil tends to thin the blood, increasing bleeding.

These serious side effects are more likely with high doses of fish oil, or when a person takes the supplement with other drugs.

A 2014 case study focuses on a 60-year-old amateur athlete who consumed 20 grams (g) of omega-3 fatty acids daily. After adding antibiotics and cortisone to the regimen, they developed a bleeding ulcer, even though they had no previous gastrointestinal issues.

The authors of the study said that further work was needed to prove the cause.

Allergic reactions

A person may develop an allergy to any food or supplement, including fish oil.

People with fish or shellfish allergies may be more vulnerable to allergic reactions to fish oil. They should consult their doctor before taking fish oil supplements.

Prostate cancer

Some studies have suggested there may be a link between fish oil and prostate cancer risk, while others have come to the opposite conclusion.

A 2013 study of 2,268 older men found that fish oil might slow the progression of prostate cancer. On the other hand, men who ate significant amounts of salted or smoked fish were more likely to develop prostate cancer.

Overall, the researchers found no correlation between eating fish in midlife and a person’s prostate cancer risk.

Fish oil dosage and safety

The amount of omega-3 fatty acids a person needs depends on their age and state of health.

There are no specific recommendations on the amount of omega-3 fatty acids a person should take. It depends on a variety of factors, such as their age and their state of health.

Most studies of fish oil have looked at small doses of a few grams (g) per day. Larger doses, such as 20 g, per day, may cause more side effects.

People can start with a small amount each day and talk to a doctor before increasing the dosage.

If someone notices an unpleasant smell or other minor side effects, they may want to decrease the dosage to see if that helps with the issue.

As well as the cardiovascular and brain health developments fish oil may offer, some research suggests that fish oil may support the development of fetuses during pregnancy. A 2018 study links fish oil supplements during pregnancy to a lower risk that a child will develop allergies.

While data pointing to the benefits of fish oil may seem positive, it is not always conclusive. People who want to improve their health with omega-3 fatty acid supplements should consider adding fish to their diet instead, as there is more research on the benefits of fresh fish.