Recent work has demonstrated that dysregulations in the expression profile of plasticity-related genes in specific brain regions contribute to age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this study was to determine the expression profile of a subset of plasticity-related mRNAs in different regions of the brain of young and aged rats as well as 3xTg and wild type (WT) mice.
qRT-PCR experiments were performed in extracts of cortex and hippocampus of young and aged rats and of 3xTg and WT mice, respectively. Results demonstrated significant increases in the expression of MAP1B, Stau2, CREB, BDNF, and AGO2 mRNAs, especially in the hippocampus (CA1-CA3 fields) of 3xTg mice compared to WT mice. A significant decrease was also observed in the expression of αCaMKII mRNA in the cortex of 3xTg mice compared to WT mice. On the other hand, no significant changes were observed in the expression of plasticity-related genes in the hippocampus of aged rats compared to young rats.
These results confirm that alterations in gene expression occur at the onset of AD and possibly contribute to the progression of the disease by causing an imbalance between long-term potentiation and long-term depression. In addition, patterns of significant altered gene expression, especially in the hippocampus (CA1-CA3 fields) of 3xTg mice are consistent with the progression of AD whereby the hippocampus (CA1 region) is most vulnerable at the onset of the disease. These results provide a better understanding of the molecular events that first become disturbed in AD.