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Disk Management is the set of activities necessary to create, manage, and maintain disk drives Using Disk Management you can rearrange drive letters, change partitions, convert disk systems, and other functions provided by the operating system

In older systems such as Windows 31 and DOS the primary disk management tools were FDISK and FORMAT With newer systems such as Windows NT, 2000, and XP you have a whole suite of tools available to help you manage your disk resources A key component of disk management is deciding which file systems to use on the operating system This section provides you with an overview of disk management and some of the considerations you will need to make as an A+ technician

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Before a new disk drive can be used to save data, it must first be partitioned and formatted Partitioning a disk means you divide the disk into several volumes Each volume can have a different file system, as explained in the following discussion If you plan to install more than one OS on the computer, each should be loaded on its own partition Each Windows 9x systems can partition will be treated by Windows as a separate only have two partitions created using drive and will therefore get its own individual FDISK Windows NT allows up to 4, and drive letter If you don t want to divide the hard Windows 2000 and XP allow beyond 4 once drive into several volumes, you must create a single installation is completed It is recommended partition that uses the entire drive Windows 9x that you use the Disk Management utilities operating systems allows a maximum of 1 primary to configure disk partitions rather than and 1 extended partition on a single physical drive other tools such as FDISK Windows NT allows for a maximum of 4 partitions per disk Windows 2000 and XP allow up to 4 partitions during installation, but after installation, you can use Disk Management to create additional partitions

The active partition is the partition that is set as the bootable partition The operating system is typically installed on this drive Only one drive can be set as the active partition on a computer system Active partitions are flagged as available and can be accessed by the operating system If a partition is not active, it will not be bootable by the operating system

The primary partition that is marked as active contains the operating system The partition that contains the operating system files is also referred to as a system partition If the primary partition also contains all the operating systems files it will also be referred to as a system partition

8:

Operating System Fundamentals

Extended Partition

An extended partition is a special type of partition that can be broken down into smaller drives that are accessible to the operating system These drives are referred to as logical partitions or logical drives and are explained briefly in the next section Once the system boots, the logical drives that exist in the extended partition will be assigned drive numbers

Logical Partition

A logical partition or logical drive exists in an extended partition Logical partitions are portions of the extended partition that can be established and accessed by the operating system as separate drives The term logical partition and logical drive are used interchangeably

Be wary of the fact that a primary active partition must exist for a system to be bootable, and the system must contain at least one primary partition Extended partitions can coexist with a

primary partition or they can be an entire disk The active partition is the partition from which the OS will be booted If a drive is not active, it cannot be booted by the operating system

When you format a drive, it is divided into usable areas, called clusters, and you must configure the disk to use a specific file system The file system will determine the type of OS it can support and how much data the disk can hold Some common file systems are described in the following sections Partitioning and formatting procedures are described in detail in 9 Most preconfigured systems will usually allocate the entire disk as a primary drive, which creates a single large drive To change this configuration, you will need to entirely repartition the disk This will cause a loss of all existing data, and the operating system will need to be reinstalled from scratch