The Landscape Institute Scotland (LIS) and the Manchester School of Architecture (MSA) aims to launch a project that will build on the unique holdings of the LIS Archives and the academic and research experience of MSA.

The University of Sheffield. The University of Sheffield is rated in the top 100 by the QS World University Rankings, priding itself on research-led critical thinking that aims to make an impact in the world.

Humans arrived early into arctic Fennoscandia, and their actions have subtly shaped the landscape for thousands of years. At the same time, climate variations and natural biotic processes (such as herbivory, competition, and soil development) have also driven change.

Over the last century much of the tropical forest biome has been converted from continuous tracts of undisturbed forest to complex human-modified landscapes composed of degraded primary forest fragments, secondary forest, pasture and agricultural land [1,2].

The ice sheet margin around the Antarctic Peninsula receded rapidly from its Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) position on the continental shelf edge ~ 18 ka (Davies et al., 2012) to a position towards the head of fjords, and in some cases onto land.