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History of the Definition of “Testing” 1979: Executing a program in order to find bugs 1983: Evaluating program attributes in order to measure quality 2002: “A concurrent lifecycle process of engineering, using, and maintaining testware in order to measure and improve the quality of the software being tested.”

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Preventive Testing Requires test cases to validate the requirements so that problems can be found as early as possible Added benefit: test cases document the software

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Advantages of Waterfall Resources are focused on one activity at a time Each activity has the completed artifact from the previous stage to use as a basis

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Disadvantages of Waterfall A lot of backing up to earlier phases, which is very expensive Can lead to dangerous shortcuts No testing until the end (which contributes to the “backing up” problem) Testers are often on critical path

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STEP Systematic Test and Evaluation Process Built upon IEEE standards for software test documentation and software unit testingIEEE Stresses the prevention potential of testing Views testing as a parallel process with software development, not a later one