BEIJING (REUTERS) - China's economy grew 6.9 per cent in 2015, the slowest pace in a quarter century, confirming a loss of momentum in the world's second-largest economy that is rippling around the world.

The annual growth figure was slightly below the government's target of around 7 per cent but matched economists' forecasts.

Economic growth in the fourth quarter slowed to the weakest since the financial crisis, adding pressure on a government that is struggling to restore the confidence of investors after perceived policy missteps jolted global markets.

Concerns about China's policy making ability have shot to the top of global investors' risk lists for 2016 after a renewed plunge in its stock markets and yuan currency stoked worries that the economy may be rapidly deteriorating.

After being a major locomotive of global growth in recent years, China is locked in the midst of a protracted slowdown.

Weak exports, factory overcapacity, slowing investment, a soft property market and high debt levels are all compounding problems for the government as it tries to transition from a centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented model that will require leaders to cede a large degree of control.

Growth in fourth-quarter gross domestic product (GDP) eased as expected to 6.8 per cent from a year earlier, down from 6.9 per cent in the third quarter and the weakest pace of expansion since the first quarter of 2009.

Other data on Tuesday suggested that China's economy lost more steam in December, dashing hopes that a year-long flurry of government stimulus would finally kick in.

That said, there were no signs of a meltdown that some traders have feared.

Zhang Yiping, an economist at China Merchants Securities, said the struggling property market - a major driver of demand for materials from cement to steel - was mostly to blame for the difficulties China is having boosting performance.

"The policy to boost the property industry conducted in 2015 hasn't taken effect yet. I see more downward risks for China's economic growth in 2016, and they actually look fairly severe."

Property investment rose just 1 per cent, a near 7-year-low, while new construction plunged 14 per cent.

The China statistics bureau told a news conference that the 2015 growth had been "hard won", adding that the structural adjustment of the Chinese economy is at a crucial stage.

That highlights the difficulties Beijing will face in getting policy - be it monetary easing, reforms, increased fiscal spending or cutting red tape - to translate into actual growth in 2016.

Premier Li Keqiang said in December the government would"take a knife" to loss-making zombie companies as parts of efforts to reduce overcapacity in the system, but that would require tough political decisions such as allowing more bankruptcies and potential layoffs.

Other top priorities Beijing has announced for 2016 include shrinking a glut of unsold homes, deleveraging balance sheets, reducing costs for businesses and encouraging new technology.

And analysts say policymakers will need to improve their communication with markets, after the People's Bank of China sowed confusion globally this month by allowing the yuan to weaken sharply then intervening to stop the fall. Its intent is still not clear.

Even if Beijing hikes spending and cuts interest rates again as widely expected, analysts expect growth will cool further this year to 6.5 per cent. Some China watchers believe real growth levels are already much lower.

Some analysts argue that Beijing has been too cautious in lowering rates and freeing up cash in the banking system, keeping real interest rates too high given low returns on investment. After six rate cuts since November 2014, China's main policy rate is still fairly high at 4.35 per cent.

Other data on Tuesday suggested China's economy continued to lose momentum late in the year, which will keep pressure on the local stock market and feed expectations of further weakness in the yuan as more capital flows out of the country.

On a quarter-on-quarter basis, economic growth eased to 1.6 per cent in the fourth-quarter from 1.8 per cent in the third.

Industrial output rose 5.9 per cent in December from a year earlier, missing forecasts of 6.0 per cent and down from November's 6.2 per cent.

Growth in retail sales - one of the few bright spots in 2015 - eased to 11.1 per cent in December, less than an 11.3 per cent rise expected by the market and November's 11.2 percent.

Fixed-asset investment growth, a crucial driver of the economy, grew 10.0 per cent in 2015 from the previous year, also missing market expectations.

To be sure, there are some parts of the more than US$10 trillion economy that are looking better as 2016 begins.

China's house sales and prices continued to rise in December, though a full-blown property recovery is not expected any time soon.

On the factory side, vehicle sales are seen growing 6 per cent in 2016, accelerating from last year on demand for more green cars and sport-utility vehicles, good news for the likes of General Motors.

"Sluggish prices and efforts to reduce capacity in some industries have dragged on industrial performance," analyst Guo Lei at Founder Securities said in a note. "In 2016, due to a possible bottoming out of commodities, and easing deflation, an expected stabilisation in cyclical sectors could give some support to the economy. We expect to see some recovery after the second quarter of this year."

Follow ST

The Straits Times

We have been experiencing some problems with subscriber log-ins and apologise for the inconvenience caused. Until we resolve the issues, subscribers need not log in to access ST Digital articles. But a log-in is still required for our PDFs.