"Who Are You", composed by Pete Townshend, is the title track on The Who's 1978 album, Who Are You, the last album released before Keith Moon's death in September 1978. It was released as a double-A sided single with the John Entwistle composition "Had Enough", also featured on the album. The song became one of the band's biggest hits in North America, peaking at number 7 in Canada and at number 14 in the US. The keyboard pieces on the track are played by Rod Argent.

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The lyrics of "Who Are You" were inspired by an incident Townshend experienced. After going out drinking with Steve Jones and Paul Cook of the Sex Pistols, Townshend was found in a "Soho doorway" by a policeman, who let him go if he could safely walk away.[2]

"Who Are You" was written about meeting Steve Jones and Paul Cook of the Sex Pistols after an awful 13-hour encounter with Allan Klein who, in my personal opinion, is the awesome rock leech-godfather. In one sense the song is more about the demands of new friendship than blood-letting challenge. Roger's aggressive reading of my nihilistic lyric redirected its function by the simple act of singing "Who the fuck are you..." when I had written "Who, who, who are you..." Steve and Paul became real 'mates' of mine in the English sense. We socialized a few times. Got drunk (well, I did) and I have to say to their credit, for a couple of figurehead anarchists, they seemed sincerely concerned about my decaying condition at the time.

"Who Are You" was released as a double-A side with the John Entwistle song, "Had Enough", but "Who Are You" was the more popular song, reaching the Top 20 in both the US and UK. The song has since been featured on multiple compilation albums. The single mix contains an alternate acoustic guitar solo to the album mix.

The album version includes a third verse compared to the much shorter single. Additionally, a "lost verse" mix of the song was released on the 1996 reissue of Who Are You, with a completely different second verse: "I used to check my reflection / Jumping with my cheap guitar / I must have lost my direction, cause I ended up a superstar/ One-nighters in the boardroom/ Petrify the human brain/ You can learn from my mistakes, but you're posing in the glass again".

The song is unusual in that it contains two instances of the word "fuck" – at 2:16 and 5:43 (at 2:14 and 4:27 in the single edit version) – yet has been played frequently in its entirety on rock radio stations (as compared to an edited form replacing it with "hell"). The expletives, while not clearly enunciated and slightly obscured by Moon's drum fills, are nevertheless quite audible. This led to some controversy when ABC's unedited broadcast of The Who's Live 8 performance retained them.[6] The American single edit changes this to "Who the hell are you?" and can be heard at 1:55. Other versions replaced the phrase with just one of the main choruses, "Tell me, who are you" and "I really want to know".

A promotional video was filmed on 9 May 1978 for The Kids Are Alright documentary; originally, the intent was to have The Who simply mime to the single version's backing track with Roger Daltrey adding live vocals, but the decision was made to also re-record the guitars, backing vocals, drums, and piano. Only John Entwistle's bass and the synthesizer backing remained intact from the original version.

This song was first performed live at the Gaumont State Cinema, Kilburn on 15 December 1977, albeit without synthesizers and only a portion of the lyrics. This can be seen in the DVD At Kilburn 1977 + Live at the Coliseum. Despite that being the first performance, this song had its roots in jams in the band's 1976 concerts, most notably at Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto on 21 October 1976, drummer Keith Moon's last North American appearance with The Who, where the band played a very early version of the song with Townshend on vocals. The first live performance with synthesizers (via a backing tape of the same synthesizer track found on the studio version of the song) was at the Rainbow Theatre, London on 2 May 1979, which was also Kenney Jones's first live show with the band. Since then, it has remained a staple for their live shows. The Who opened their segment of The Concert for New York City on 20 October 2001 with the song and performed a medley featuring the song in Super Bowl XLIV. They also used the song to begin their set at 12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief on 12 December 2012.[7] In later performances, Roger Daltrey also plays acoustic rhythm guitar.

"Who Are You" is the theme to the TV show CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. Furthermore, an episode even took its title from the song, in which Roger Daltrey himself guest-starred (in the season 7 episode "Living Legend"[8]).

Video game Rock Band features the song as part of a 12-pack of downloadable tracks from The Who.

1.
Black Sabbath
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The band experienced multiple line-up changes, with Iommi being the only constant member throughout its history. Originally formed as a rock band, the group soon adopted the Black Sabbath moniker and began incorporating occult themes with horror-inspired lyrics. They also composed songs about social instability, political corruption and drugs, Osbournes regular use of alcohol and other drugs led to his dismissal from the band in 1979. He was replaced by former Rainbow vocalist Ronnie James Dio, in 1992, Iommi and Butler rejoined Dio and drummer Vinny Appice to record Dehumanizer. The original line-up reunited with Osbourne in 1997 and released a live album Reunion, Black Sabbaths final studio album and nineteenth overall,13, features all of the original members but Ward. A year after embarking on a tour, the band played their final concert in their home city of Birmingham on 4 February 2017. Iommi has stated, however, that he has not ruled out the possibility of new material or one-off shows under the Black Sabbath name, Black Sabbath are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music. The band helped define the genre with releases such as Black Sabbath, Paranoid and they were ranked by MTV as the Greatest Metal Band of all time, and placed second in VH1s 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock list. Rolling Stone magazine ranked them number 85 in their 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and they have sold over 70 million records worldwide. Black Sabbath were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005 and they have also won two Grammy Awards for Best Metal Performance. Following the break-up of their previous band Mythology in 1968, guitarist Tony Iommi and drummer Bill Ward sought to form a blues rock band in Aston. The new group was named the Polka Tulk Blues Band, the name taken either from a brand of talcum powder or an Indian/Pakistani clothing shop. The Polka Tulk Blues Band featured slide guitarist Jimmy Phillips, a friend of Osbournes. After shortening the name to Polka Tulk, the band changed their name to Earth and continued as a four-piece without Phillips. Iommi became concerned that Phillips and Clarke lacked the dedication and were not taking the band seriously. Rather than asking them to leave, they decided to break up. While the band was performing under the Earth title, they recorded several demos written by Norman Haines such as The Rebel, Song for Jim, the demo titled Song for Jim was in reference to Jim Simpson. Jim Simpson was a manager for the bands Bakerloo Blues Line, Simpson was also a trumpet player for the group Locomotive

2.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s

3.
The Who
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The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964. Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey, guitarist and singer Pete Townshend, bass guitarist John Entwistle, and drummer Keith Moon. They are considered one of the most influential bands of the 20th century, selling over 100 million records worldwide and holding a reputation for their live shows. The Who developed from a group, the Detours, and established themselves as part of the pop art and mod movements, featuring auto-destructive art by destroying guitars. Their first single as the Who, I Cant Explain, reached the UK top ten, followed by a string of singles including My Generation, Substitute and Happy Jack. In 1967, they performed at the Monterey Pop Festival and released the US top ten single I Can See for Miles, the groups fourth album, 1969s rock opera Tommy, included the single Pinball Wizard and was a critical and commercial success. Live appearances at Woodstock and the Isle of Wight Festival, along with the live album Live at Leeds, with their success came increased pressure on lead songwriter and visionary Townshend, and the follow-up to Tommy, Lifehouse, was abandoned. Songs from the project made up 1971s Whos Next, which included the hit Wont Get Fooled Again, the group released the album Quadrophenia in 1973 as a celebration of their mod roots, and oversaw the film adaptation of Tommy in 1975. They continued to tour to large audiences before semi-retiring from live performances at the end of 1976, the release of Who Are You in 1978 was overshadowed by the death of Moon shortly after. Kenney Jones replaced Moon and the group resumed activity, releasing a film adaptation of Quadrophenia, after Townshend became weary of touring, the group split in 1982. The Who occasionally re-formed for live appearances such as Live Aid in 1985, a 25th anniversary tour in 1989 and they resumed regular touring in 1999, with drummer Zak Starkey. After Entwistles death in 2002, plans for a new album were delayed, Townshend and Daltrey continued as the Who, releasing Endless Wire in 2006, and continued to play live regularly. They are cited as an influence by rock, punk rock and mod bands. The founding members of the Who, Roger Daltrey, Pete Townshend and John Entwistle, grew up in Acton, London and went to Acton County Grammar School. Townshend and Entwistle became friends in their year of Acton County. Both were interested in rock, and Townshend particularly admired Cliff Richards début single, Entwistle moved to guitar, but struggled with it due to his large fingers, and moved to bass on hearing the guitar work of Duane Eddy. He was unable to afford a bass and built one at home, after Acton County, Townshend attended Ealing Art College, a move he later described as profoundly influential on the course of the Who. Daltrey, who was in the year above, had moved to Acton from Shepherds Bush and he had trouble fitting in at the school, and discovered gangs and rock and roll

4.
Who Are You
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Who Are You is the eighth studio album by English rock band The Who, released on 18 August 1978 by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom and MCA Records in the United States. The album received mixed reviews critics, though it was a commercial success, peaking at number 2 on the US charts. Who Are You was The Whos last album to feature Keith Moon as their drummer, the paradoxical nature of the text Not To Be Taken Away that was written on Moons chair on the album cover was noted by some critics. Moons death brought concerns that the band would have to fold and he was ultimately replaced by Kenney Jones. Who Are You was recorded at the time punk rock was highly popular. The album showcases some of Townshends most complicated arrangements, with layers of synthesizer. The latter two, along with Who Are You, ultimately appeared on Lifehouse Chronicles, Townshends actualization of the project, several of the songs lyrics also reflect Townshends uncertainty about The Whos continued relevance in the wake of punk rock. There was a hiatus between Who Are You and The Whos previous album, The Who by Numbers. The band was drifting apart during this period, as members were working on various solo projects. Moons health was especially an object of concern, as his drumming had noticeably deteriorated and he was unable to play in 6/8 time on the track Music Must Change, so drums were removed completely from the track and only a few cymbal crashes were added. Bass guitarist John Entwistle remarked that he couldnt think of anything to play, on another occasion, Astley recalled, I was doing a drum track, and he hadnt learned the song. I actually had to stand up and conduct and he said, Can you give me a cue when you get to the middle part. Entwistle similarly described him as out of condition, and disgusted with himself as a result. When the sessions resumed in March, they were moved to RAK Studios, Astley stated that the RAK equipment made the existing material sound different when played back, necessitating further delays as he attempted to fix the audio problems. In one incident, Daltrey punched Johns due to an argument over a rough mix, the argument was caused by Ted Astley adding a string arrangement to Had Enough, which Daltrey derided as slushy. Following a frustrating day at work, Townshend threatened Moon with expulsion unless he cleaned up his act, the threat drove Moon to attempt to kick his alcohol habit and work more enthusiastically. Due to a commitment to produce the Joan Armatrading album To the Limit, Johns had to leave in April. Under Astley, the returned to Ramport, with all of the drums except for Who Are You recorded in the last two weeks of production

5.
A-side and B-side
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The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record

6.
Had Enough (The Who song)
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Had Enough is a song written by The Who bassist John Entwistle, and featured on their eighth studio album, Who Are You. It was also released as a double A-sided single with Who Are You, making it Entwistles second single A-side, like 905, Had Enough was planned to feature on a rock opera in the process of being written by Entwistle, but was never finished. It was written a long time before work was started on Who Are You, the lyrics describe the main character of the failed rock opera,905, finally snapping under the pressure and stress of his life. Had Enough saw single release as a side single with Who Are You in 1978 prior to the Who Are You albums release. Despite this, Had Enough received far less airplay than Who Are You. Entwistle later joked that most people thought the song was a B-side because it said Entwistle on it. It was never performed live by the Who, although it featured in many of Entwistles solo concerts, had Enough was the third John Entwistle composition that had Roger Daltrey on lead vocals, after Someones Coming from 1967, and Success Story from 1975. Unusually for a Who song, it features a string orchestra. Pete Townshend said of these strings, We used full orchestral string arrangements here for the first time on any Who track. It seemed OK to do it one of Johns songs -- he was always struggling single-handed to lay down enough overdubbed brass parts on my stuff to sound like an orchestra himself. Our arranger was my wifes inspired father, Ted Astley, the strings on this track are quantum. But its another cynical, life-weary lyric, like New Song, I wonder why John and I were so bored with life. Roger Daltrey, however, did not approve of these strings and he later said, I had a punch-up with Glyn Johns, mainly because he put strings on Johns track Had Enough. I went into the studio in the afternoon the day before they put on the strings, I thought, Fucking hell, strings on a Who track. When I heard it, it was just slushy strings and I dont like slushy strings, theres things you can do with strings that can be really good and exciting but what hed done on this I didnt like. He said, What do you think, and I said, Dont like it much. And he went up the fucking wall, so I think he smacked me and I smacked him and thats how we were in those days. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics

7.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis

8.
Polydor
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Polydor is a British record label and company, that operates as part of Universal Music Group. It has a relationship with Universals Interscope Geffen A&M label. In turn, Polydor distributes Interscope releases in the United Kingdom, Polydor Records Ltd. was established in London in 1954 as a British subsidiary of German company Deutsche Grammophon GmbH. The Polydor label was founded on 2 April 1913 by German Polyphon-Musikwerke AG in Leipzig, during World War I on 24 April 1917, Polyphon-Musikwerke AG acquired the German Deutsche Grammophon-Aktiengesellschaft record plant and company from the German government. The German state was taken over Grammophon and the British holdings as enemies property during World War I, Polydor was originally an independent branch of the Polyphon-Grammophon-Konzern group. It was used as a label since 1924. The British and German branches of the Gramophone Company were so departed during World War I, in turn, Deutsche Grammophon records exported from Germany were released on the Polyphon Musik and Polydor labels. The new foreign branches were founded for example into Austria, Denmark, Sweden, Polydor became a popular music label in 1946, while the new Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft label was to become a classical music label in 1949. The previously used label, Grammophon, was disbanded, DGG gave, with an agreement dated 5 July 1949, an exclusive license from 1 July 1951 to use the Nipper-dog with gramophone to the original owners company Electrola, the German branch of EMI. In 1970, Polydor acquired the Hong Kong-based Diamond Records, which had owned and founded by the local Portuguese merchant Ren da Silva in the late 1950s. In 1972, The Grammophon-Philips Group reorganized to create PolyGram, the Polydor label continued to run as a subsidiary label under the new company. The name PolyGram is a portmanteau of Polydor and PhonoGram, into the 1980s, Polydor continued to do respectable business, in spite of becoming increasingly overshadowed by its PolyGram sister label Mercury Records. Polydor took over management of British Deccas pop catalog, A&R manager Frank Neilson was able to score a major top ten hit in March 1981 for the label with Do The Hucklebuck by Coast to Coast as well as signing Ian Dury and Billy Fury to the company. In 1984, the name was parodied in the rockumentary film This Is Spinal Tap. By the early 1990s, Polydor had begun to underperform, in 1994, as Island Records recovered from its sales slump, PolyGram dissolved most of PLG into it. Meanwhile, Polydor Records and Atlas Records merged, briefly called Polydor/Atlas, in 1995, Polydor/Atlas became simply Polydor Records again. Over the next few years, Polydor tried to keep itself afloat with new artist signings, new releases, in 1998, PolyGram was purchased by Seagram and absorbed into its Universal Music Group. Today, in America, the Polydor Records name and logo is used on reissues of older material from its 1960s and 1970s heyday

9.
MCA Records
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MCA Records was an American-based record company owned by MCA Inc. which later gave way to the larger MCA Music Entertainment Group, of which MCA Records was still part. MCAs country division, MCA Nashville, is an active imprint of Universal Music Group Nashville. MCA was forced to exit the talent agency business in order to complete the merger, as American Decca owned Universal Pictures, MCA assumed full ownership of Universal and made it into the top film studio in town, producing hit after hit. In 1966, MCA formed Uni Records and in 1967 purchased Kapp Records which was placed under Uni Records management. In 1937, the owner of Decca, E. R. Lewis, chose to split off the U. K. Decca company from the U. S. company, companies if the emerging hostilities of Nazi Germany should lead to war – correctly foreseeing World War II. Lewis sold the remainder of his U. S. Decca holdings when war did break out, MCAs U. S. -based Decca Records kept the rights to the Decca name in North and South America and parts of Asia including Japan. U. K. Decca owned the rights to the Decca name in the rest of the world, after the war, British Decca formed a new U. S. subsidiary, London Records. During this time U. S. Decca issued records outside North America on the Brunswick, in 1967, Brunswick and Coral were replaced by the MCA label to release U. S. Decca and Kapp label material outside North America. Initial activity as MCA Records was based in London and MCA Records UK was formally launched on February 16,1968. Among the early artists on the MCA label, around 1971, were groups Wishbone Ash, Osibisa, Stackridge and Budgie, early MCA releases were distributed by U. K. Decca but it moved to EMI in 1974. In 1979, distribution moved to CBS, while the last releases in the 1980s were self-distributed, as the U. S. division of MCA Records was not established until 1972, the earliest U. K. MCA Records material was released in the U. S. on either Kapp or Decca, Uni label material was issued on the Uni label worldwide. In 1970, MCA reorganized its Canadian record company Compo Company Ltd. into MCA Records, in April 1970, former Warner Bros. Records president Mike Maitland joined MCA and initially served as Deccas general manager. Maitland was unsuccessful in his attempt to consolidate Warner Bros. Records with co-owned Atlantic Records which led to his departure from Warner, the three labels maintained their identities for a short time but were retired in favor of the MCA label in 1973. Drift Away by Dobie Gray became the final Decca pop label release in the U. S in 1973. Beginning the same year the catalogs of Decca, Uni and Kapp were reissued in the U. S. on the MCA label under the supervision of veteran Decca producer Milt Gabler. The first MCA Records release in the U. S. was former Uni artist Elton Johns Crocodile Rock single in 1972, MCA label used a black with curved rainbow design until the late 1970s. This design was inspired by the U. S. Decca label of the 1960s

10.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song

11.
Pete Townshend
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His career with the Who spans over 50 years, during which time the band grew to be considered one of the most influential bands of the 20th century. He has also more than 100 songs that have appeared on his solo albums, as well as radio jingles. He is self-taught on all of the instruments he plays and has never had any formal training, due to his aggressive playing style and innovative songwriting techniques, Townshends works with The Who and in other projects have earned him critical acclaim. He and Daltrey received The George and Ira Gershwin Award for Lifetime Musical Achievement at UCLA on 21 May 2016, Peter Dennis Blandford Townshend was born on 19 May 1945, at Chiswick Hospital, West London. The Townshends had a marriage, as both drank heavily and possessed fiery tempers. Cliff Townshend was often away from his touring with his band while Betty carried on affairs with other men. The two split when Townshend was a toddler and he was sent to live with his maternal grandmother Emma Dennis, whom Pete later described as clinically insane. The two-year separation ended when Cliff and Betty purchased a house together on Woodgrange Avenue in middle-class Acton, London, Townshend says he did not have many friends growing up, so he spent much of his boyhood reading adventure novels like Gullivers Travels and Treasure Island. He enjoyed his familys frequent excursions to the seaside and the Isle of Man and it was on one of these trips in the summer of 1956 that he repeatedly watched the 1956 film Rock Around the Clock, sparking his fascination with American rock and roll. Not long thereafter, he went to see Bill Haley perform in London, at the time, he did not see himself pursuing a career as a professional musician, instead, he wanted to become a journalist. Upon passing the exam, Townshend was enrolled at Acton County Grammar School. At Acton County, he was bullied because he had a large nose. His grandmother Emma purchased his first guitar for Christmas in 1956, though his father taught him a couple of chords, Townshend was largely self-taught on the instrument and never learned to read music. Townshend and school friend John Entwistle formed a trad jazz group. The Confederates played gigs at the Congo Club, a club run by the Acton Congregational Church, and covered Acker Bilk, Kenny Ball. However, both influenced by the increasing popularity of rock n roll, with Townshend particularly admiring Cliff Richards debut single. Townshend left the Confederates after getting into a fight with the drummer, Chris Sherwin. Townshends brothers Paul and Simon were born in 1957 and 1960, lacking the requisite test scores to attend university, Pete was faced with the decision of art school, music school, or getting a job

12.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu

13.
Squeeze Box (song)
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Squeeze Box is a song by The Who from their album The Who by Numbers. Written by Pete Townshend, the lyrics are couched in double entendres. Unlike many of the other hits, the song features country-like elements. Squeeze Box was a success, peaking at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart. The song is also their only international hit, reaching number one in Canada. Squeeze Box was originally intended for a Who television special planned in 1974, in the planned performance of the song, the members of the band were planned to have been surrounded by 100 topless women playing accordions as they played the song. A demo of the featured a farfisa organ-based arrangement, as well as bluegrass banjos. Authors Steve Grantley and Alan Parker compared this version to The Beatles 1968 song, Ob-La-Di. This demo appeared on Pete Townshends demo collection, Scoop, Squeezebox is a slang term for accordions and related instruments. The songs lyrics consist mostly of sexual innuendo, the Whos bassist, John Entwistle also commented on the lyrics, saying I dunno. Most songs have double meanings or no meaning at all, lead singer Roger Daltrey, however, acknowledged the double meaning, saying, Theres nothing wrong with a bit of in-and-out, mate. Squeeze Box was released as the first single from The Who by Numbers in 1975 in America and 1976 in Britain and it became an international hit, becoming the bands first Top 10 hit in Britain since 1972s Join Together. Despite this, Pete Townshend did not think highly of the song, intended as a poorly aimed dirty joke. I had bought myself an accordion and learned to play it one afternoon, the polka-esque rhythm I managed to produce from it brought forth this song. Amazingly recorded by The Who to my disbelief, further incredulity was caused when it became a hit for us in the USA. Roger Daltrey, however, spoke positively of the song, praising its simplicity and it doesnt pretend to be anything other than what it is and I love it for that. The band later played it again in the last leg of the 1982 Tour, Townshend himself played the banjo on the track, as well as the accordion. The song was performed again in 2014 during the The Who Hits 50

14.
Trick of the Light (The Who song)
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Trick of the Light is a song written by bassist John Entwistle for The Whos eighth studio album, Who Are You. It was released as the single from the album, atypically with another Entwistle song,905 on the B-side. The lyrics describe fear of being inadequate in the face of a prostitute. The singer wants to have a connection with the prostitute but she only sees him as dehumanized. He is concerned that he didnt bring her to the height of ecstasy and it features a guitar-like assault throughout the song, described by Pete Townshend as sounding like a musical Mack truck and is actually Entwistles heavily distorted eight-string Alembic bass. Chris Charlesworth feels that the bass dominates the song to an extent that none of the elements of the song matter. Who biographer John Atkins says the song has a texture and is fully realized. The Who FAQ author Mike Segretto considers it one of Entwistles catchier songs, attributing its lack of success to its being too heavy. But it was not a favorite of Who lead singer Roger Daltrey and it was performed occasionally on The Whos 1979 tour with Entwistle on eight-string and Townshend playing one of Entwistles Alembic basses used on the 1975-1976 tours. It made its return to the setlist in 1989, with Townshend originally on electric guitar on the two Toronto dates in June and acoustic guitar for the rest of the tour. It was disliked by Roger Daltrey, who thought that although it had clever lyrics, on the original recording and in its 1979/1980 performances, Daltrey sang the lead vocal, in 1989 Entwistle sang it. Trick of the Light was included in the edition of The Who Hits 50

15.
Keith Moon
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Keith John Moon was an English drummer who played with the English rock band the Who. He was noted for his style and his eccentric, often self-destructive behaviour. His drumming continues to be praised by critics and musicians, Moon grew up in Alperton, a suburb of Wembley, in Middlesex, and took up the drums during the early 1960s. After playing with a band, the Beachcombers, he joined the Who in 1964 before they recorded their first single. Moon remained with the band during their rise to fame, and was recognised for his drumming style, which emphasised tom-toms, cymbal crashes. He occasionally collaborated with musicians and later appeared in films. In addition to his talent as a drummer, however, Moon developed a reputation for smashing his kit on stage and he was fascinated by blowing up toilets with cherry bombs or dynamite, and by destroying television sets. Moon enjoyed touring and socialising, and was bored and restless when the Who were inactive and his 21st birthday party in Flint, Michigan, has been cited as a notorious example of decadent behaviour by rock groups. Moon suffered a number of setbacks during the 1970s, most notably the death of chauffeur Neil Boland. He became addicted to alcohol, particularly brandy and champagne, and acquired a reputation for decadence and dark humour, after moving to Los Angeles with personal assistant Peter Dougal Butler during the mid-1970s, Moon recorded his only solo album, the poorly received Two Sides of the Moon. While touring with the Who, on occasions he passed out on stage and was hospitalised. By their final tour with him in 1976, and particularly during production of The Kids Are Alright and Who Are You, the drummers deterioration was evident. Moon moved back to London in 1978, dying in September of that year from an overdose of Heminevrin, Keith John Moon was born to Alfred Charles and Kathleen Winifred Moon on 23 August 1946 at Central Middlesex Hospital in northwest London, and grew up in Wembley. He was hyperactive as a boy, with a restless imagination, Moon attended Alperton Secondary Modern School after failing his eleven plus exam, which precluded his attending a grammar school. His art teacher said in a report, Retarded artistically and his music teacher wrote that Moon has great ability, but must guard against a tendency to show off. Moon joined his local Sea Cadet Corps band at the age of twelve on the bugle and he was interested in practical jokes and home science kits, with a particular fondness for explosions. On his way home from school, Moon would often go to Macaris Music Studio on Ealing Road to practise on the drums there and he left school at age fourteen, around Easter in 1961. Moon then enrolled at Harrow Technical College, this led to a job as a radio repairman, Moon took lessons from one of the loudest contemporary drummers, Screaming Lord Sutchs Carlo Little, at ten shillings per lesson

16.
John Entwistle
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John Alec Entwistle was an English singer, songwriter, composer, musician, film and music producer. In a music career spanned more than 40 years, Entwistle was best known as the original bass guitarist for the English rock band the Who. He was the member of the band to have formal musical training. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Who in 1990, Entwistles instrumental approach used pentatonic lead lines, and a then-unusual treble-rich sound created by roundwound RotoSound steel bass strings. He was nicknamed The Ox and Thunderfingers, the latter because his digits became a blur across the four-string fretboard, in 2011, he was voted as the greatest bass guitarist of all time in a Rolling Stone magazine readers poll. John Alec Entwistle was born on 9 October 1944 in Chiswick and his father, Herbert, played the trumpet and his mother, Maud, played the piano. His parents marriage failed soon after he was born, and he was raised by his mother at his grandparents house in South Acton. Divorce was uncommon in the 1940s, and this contributed to Entwistle becoming reserved and his musical career began aged 7, when he started taking piano lessons. He did not enjoy the experience and after joining Acton County Grammar School aged 11, switched to the trumpet and he met Pete Townshend in the second year of school, and the two formed a trad jazz band, the Confederates. The group only played one gig together, before decided that rock n roll was a more attractive prospect. He made his own instrument at home, and soon attracted the attention of Roger Daltrey, who had been the year above Entwistle at Acton County, Daltrey was aware of Entwistle from school, and asked him to join as a bass guitarist for his band, the Detours. After joining the Detours, Entwistle played a role in encouraging Pete Townshends budding talent on the guitar. Eventually, Roger Daltrey fired all the members of his band with the exception of Entwistle, Townshend and the drummer, Doug Sandom, Roger Daltrey relinquished the role of guitarist to Pete Townshend in 1963, instead becoming frontman and lead singer. The band considered several changes of name, and finally settling on the name the Who while Entwistle was still working as a tax clerk. When the band decided that the blond Roger Daltrey needed to stand out more from the others, Entwistle dyed his naturally brown hair black. Around 1963, Entwistle played in a London band called the Initials for a short while and it also housed one of the largest guitar collections belonging to any rock musician. Entwistle picked up two nicknames during his career as a musician and he was nicknamed The Ox because of his strong constitution and seeming ability to Eat, drink or do more than the rest of them. He was also later nicknamed Thunderfingers, bill Wyman, bass guitarist for the Rolling Stones, described him as the quietest man in private but the loudest man on stage

17.
Rod Argent
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Rodney Terence Rod Argent is an English musician, singer, songwriter, composer, and record producer. Argent is one of the composers of The Zombies music. As the bands keyboardist he used a variety of instruments, including the Mellotron, the harpsichord, as a child, Argent sang as a boy chorister in the St Albans Cathedral Choir. While at St Albans School, he met Paul Atkinson, Argent, Atkinson, and Grundy first played together at a jam on Easter 1961 in St Albans, Hertfordshire. Argent wanted to form a band and initially asked his cousin Jim Rodford to join as a bass guitarist, Rodford was playing in local band called the Bluetones at the time, so declined. Colin Blunstone and Paul Arnold joined the new band in early 1961, Arnold left not long after and was replaced by Chris White. After the band won a local contest, they recorded a demo as their prize, Argents song Shes Not There got them a recording contract with Decca. In addition to playing the piano and keyboards in The Zombies, Argent was one of the two main songwriters, penning the hits Shes Not There, Tell Her No, and Time of the Season. Argent was initially the lead singer, with Blunstone on guitar. When Argents keyboard talents became apparent, he became the groups keyboard player. The group continued to record through the 1960s, but disbanded in December 1967, after the band broke-up, Argent went on to form the band Argent, which had a hit album in 1972 with All Together Now, which contained the single Hold Your Head Up. His Hammond B3 solo on track is cited by Rick Wakeman as the greatest organ solo ever. The band also recorded the version of the rock anthem God Gave Rock and Roll to You, written by lead singer Russ Ballard. Argents first album included the song Liar, which became a hit for Three Dog Night, in 1976, the band broke up. In 1978, Argent released his solo album Moving Home with many well-known musicians, including Genesis drummer Phil Collins. In 1980, he wrote a musical titled Masquerade which premiered in London in 1982, in 1988, he issued another solo album, Red House. In the 1980s he began writing for television, in 1986, he composed the theme music for ITVs coverage of the 1986 World Cup, Aztec Gold, which was released as a single under the title of Silsoe. Also in 1986, he composed the music for ITVs The Two of Us

18.
Steve Jones (musician)
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Stephen Steve Philip Jones is an English rock guitarist, singer and actor, best known as a guitarist with the Sex Pistols. Following the split of the Sex Pistols he formed The Professionals with former bandmate Paul Cook and he has also released two solo abums, and worked with the likes of Johnny Thunders, Iggy Pop, Bob Dylan and Thin Lizzy. In 1995 he formed the short lived supergroup Neurotic Outsiders with members of Guns N Roses, Jones was ranked in Rolling Stones list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. Jones was born in Shepherds Bush, London, where he grew up with his mother, who worked as a hairdresser. He then moved to Benbow Road in Shepherds Bush and he was an only child and his father, Don Jarvis, an amateur boxer, left when he was two years old. With fourteen criminal convictions he was the subject of a council care-order and spent a year in a remand centre, Jones has also said that the Sex Pistols saved him from a life of crime. His early influences were Iggy & the Stooges, the New York Dolls, Small Faces, Jones co-founded the Strand with Paul Cook and Wally Nightingale in the early 1970s. The Strand were a precursor to the Sex Pistols, and its where Jones first learned to play guitar, after dropping Wally Nightingale in the mid 1970s, the band was known as The Swankers. In 1975, Jones went on to co-found Sex Pistols with Paul Cook, Glen Matlock, Jones is a self-taught guitar player, primarily playing Gibson Les Paul electric guitars in his early years. His usual guitar was a cream coloured Gibson Les Paul Custom which Malcolm McLaren had acquired from Sylvain Sylvain of the New York Dolls. Currently Jones also uses Hamer Sunburst double-cut guitars, and prefers the White Les Paul Custom as his guitar, as stated in the Guitar Hero 3. Jones became well known among fans for his hanky on the head, after the Sex Pistols broke up in 1978, Jones and drummer Paul Cook co-founded the Professionals. They released four singles, recorded a self-titled LP that was shelved until 1990, the bands American tour to promote the album was cut short when band members Paul Cook, Paul Myers, and Ray McVeigh were injured in a car accident. While the Professionals did return to America in the spring of 1982 after recovery and they declined an opening spot offer on tour for the Clash, and broke up. Jones was also a member of Chequered Past from 1982 to 1985 and they released a self-titled album in 1984. Jones performed alongside Sex Pistols bandmate Paul Cook on Johnny Thunderss solo album So Alone, siouxsie and the Banshees thought for a while to engage Jones after the departure of two of their original members. Rehearsals took place in early 1980, and Jones recorded the parts on three songs of the album Kaleidoscope. The experience did not go further than a recording session

19.
Paul Cook
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Paul Thomas Cook is an English drummer and member of the punk rock band the Sex Pistols. Cook was raised in Hammersmith and attended the Christopher Wren School, now Phoenix High School, London in White City Estate, Shepherds Bush, in 1972–1973, Cook and Jones, along with their school friend Wally Nightingale, formed a band, The Strand. Paul Cook first met Steve Jones at Christopher Wren Secondary School in Shepherds Bush, the pair became good friends and while bunking off school in 1972 decided to form a band along with Wally Nightingale. Within the next three years The Strand evolved into the Sex Pistols, the two also recorded a few songs using the Sex Pistols name, Cook singing lead on the album version of the song Silly Thing. The pair then started a new band, The Professionals, with Andy Allan, Allan caused some legal problems, he played bass on Silly Thing and the first few Professionals recordings, but had no recording contract and had been neither credited nor paid. Consequently, the Virgin Records compilation album Cash Cows, which featured The Professionals track Kick Down the Doors, was withdrawn, Cook and Jones played together on Johnny Thunders solo album, So Alone. They released four singles, recorded a self-titled LP that was shelved until 1990, the bands American tour to promote the album was cut short when band members Cook, Paul Myers, and Ray McVeigh were injured in a car accident. While The Professionals did return to America in the Spring of 1982 after recovery, Jones and they declined an opening spot offer on tour for The Clash, and broke up. In the early 1980s, Cook, along with Jones, discovered the English new wave girl-group Bananarama, Cook helped the trio record their debut single, Aie a Mwana, and acted as a producer on their 1982 debut album Deep Sea Skiving. In the late 1980s, Cook surfaced with the group Chiefs of Relief with former Bow Wow Wow guitarist Matthew Ashman and he reunited with the surviving Sex Pistols in 1996 for the Filthy Lucre world tour. The Sex Pistols, including Paul Cook, played a gig for the 30th anniversary of Never Mind The Bollocks at the Brixton Academy on 8 November 2007, due to popular demand, two further gigs were announced on 9 and 10 November, and four further dates were added. Cook drummed with Man-Raze, which also featured Phil Collen from Def Leppard and their friend Simon Laffy who used to play in Collens pre-Leppard band and they released a debut album Surreal in 2008, and toured throughout the UK in late 2009. In 2011, Cook joined Vic Godard and Subway Sect, Cook has worked with Godard, on and off, for the past two decades. They toured throughout 2012 and, in March 2012, recorded 1978 Now with Edwyn Collins, in January 2016, the band announced a three show tour for 17 to 19 March. A joint headline show featuring Rich Kids has also announced at London’s O2 Shepherds Bush Empire for 16 May. The show has been rescheduled for 23 June due to the structural work at the venue. Cook lives in Hammersmith with his wife, Jeni Cook, formerly of Culture Club, and their daughter, Hollie Cook and he works as a session musician for Edwyn Collins. Cook also played football for Hollywood United, Kick Down the Doors - Cook n Jones website

20.
Soho
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Soho is an area of the City of Westminster and is part of the West End of London, England. Since the 1980s, the area has undergone considerable gentrification and it is now predominantly a fashionable district of upmarket restaurants and media offices, with only a small remnant of sex industry venues. Soho is a small, multicultural area of central London, a home to industry, commerce, culture and entertainment, record shops cluster in the area around Berwick Street, with shops such as Phonica, Sister Ray and Reckless Records. On many weekends, Soho is busy enough to warrant closing off some of the streets to vehicles, Westminster City Council pedestrianised parts of Soho in the mid-1990s, but later removed much of the pedestrianisation, apparently after complaints of loss of trade from local businesses. The name Soho first appears in the 17th century, Most authorities believe that the name derives from a former hunting cry. James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, used soho as a call for his men at the Battle of Sedgemoor on 6 July 1685. The Soho name has been imitated by other entertainment and restaurant districts such as Soho, Hong Kong, Soho, Málaga, SOHO, Beijing, SoHo, London, Ontario, Canada, and Palermo Soho, Buenos Aires. SoHo, Manhattan, gets its name from its location SOuth of HOuston Street, however, apart from Oxford Street, all of these roads are 19th-century metropolitan improvements, so they are not Sohos original boundaries. Soho has never been a unit, with formally defined boundaries. The area to the west is known as Mayfair, to the north Fitzrovia, to the east St Giles and Covent Garden, and to the south St Jamess. According to the Soho Society, Chinatown, the area between Leicester Square to the south and Shaftesbury Avenue to the north, is part of Soho, Soho is part of the West End electoral ward which elects three councillors to Westminster City Council. In 1536, the land was taken by Henry VIII as a park for the Palace of Whitehall. In the 1660s, ownership of Soho Fields passed to Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans and he was granted permission to develop property and quickly passed the lease and development to bricklayer Richard Frith. Soho was part of the ancient parish of St Martin in the Fields, as the population started to grow a new church was provided and in 1687 a new parish of St Anne was established for it. The parish stretched from Oxford Street in the north, to Leicester Square in the south and it therefore included all of contemporary eastern Soho, including the Chinatown area. The western portion of modern Soho, around Carnaby Street was part of the parish of St James, building progressed rapidly in the late 17th century, with large properties including Monmouth House, Leicester House, Fauconberg House, Carlisle House and Newport House. Soho Square was first laid out in the 1680s on the former Soho Fields, firth built the first houses around the square, and by 1691,41 had been completed. It was originally called King Square in honour of Charles II, several upper-class families moved into the area

21.
Allan Klein
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He founded ABKCO Music & Records Incorporated. Klein revolutionized the potential of recording artists, who previously had been routinely victimized by onerous record company contracts. Although Klein greatly increased his clients incomes he also enriched himself, after years of pursuit by the IRS, Klein was convicted of a misdemeanor charge of making a false statement on his 1972 tax return, for which he spent two months of 1980 in jail. Klein was born in Newark, New Jersey, the fourth child, after military service, and with the assistance of the G. I. Bill, Klein majored in accounting at Upsala College, graduating in June 1957 and he was assigned to assist Joe Fenton in an audit of a music publishers organization, the Harry Fox Agency, and several record companies, including Dot Records, Liberty Records, and Monarch Records. In an early setback to Kleins career, he was fired by Joseph Fenton, the company wrote to the State of New Jersey urging officials not to approve him as a Certified Public Accountant, and Klein chose not to take the examination. He briefly attended law school but soon dropped out, a key early contact was attorney Marty Machat, who frequently performed legal work for Klein over the years. In June 1958 Klein married Betty Rosenblum, a Hunter College student seven years his junior, the couple had three children, Robin, Jody, and Beth. Klein acquired a reputation as a negotiator who could bring money to his clients. Two of them, rockabilly singers Knox and Bowen, were owed royalties by Roulette Records, morris Levy, co-owner of Roulette, feared because of his organized crime connections, was known to pay artists as little as possible. Klein persuaded him to pay Knox and Bowen the royalties they were owed over a four-year period, Kleins success with the Knox and Bowen negotiation brought him new clients, and he and Levy became lifelong friends. In 1963, Klein began a partnership with Jocko Henderson. Henderson hosted lavish, profitable live rhythm and blues shows at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, as Hendersons partner, Klein was introduced to Sam Cooke, a preeminent talent equally adept at writing, producing, and performing his numerous hit records. Cooke had scored four top ten hits between 1957 and 1963, including his one hit, You Send Me, among 33 records in the top 100 in that period. Although Cooke was clearly making his label, RCA Records, a deal of money. Klein forced the reluctant label to open its books for a thorough audit, shortly afterward, RCA agreed to re-negotiate Cookes contract. Klein secured for his client a genuinely groundbreaking deal, Klein created a holding company, Tracey Ltd. which was owned by Klein and named after one of Cookes daughters. Tracey would manufacture Cookes recordings and give rights to RCA to sell them for 30 years

22.
Who I Am (book)
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Who I Am is a memoir by rock guitarist and composer Pete Townshend of the Who. It was published by HarperCollins in October 2012 in both book and e-book format, plus an unabridged 15-CD audiobook read by Townshend, the book chronicles Townshends upbringing in London, the formation and evolution of the Who, and his struggles with rock stardom and drugs and alcohol. The title is a play on words, referring to the Whos hit single, who I Am entered The New York Times best seller list at No.3 in October 2012. It received mixed reviews critics, with some admiring its frankness and intimacy. Pete Townshend signed a contract with Little, Brown and Company in May 1996 to write his autobiography and he published small extracts of what he had written on a blog. He later signed a deal with HarperCollins, and the memoir, originally entitled Peter Townshend, Townshend said he preferred the original Who He title, Who I Am seems so final, so grandiose, so. Pete Townshend. The original manuscript Townshend presented to HarperCollins was 1,000 pages long, Pete Townshends memoir begins with his upbringing in London after World War II. Included is the period he lived with his grandmother, during which time he reports fragmentary memories of sexual abuse at the hands of her suitors. Townshend discusses the Mod scene of the 1960s, the effect the war had on his generation, and he also discusses the effect his childhood had on his music, particularly the rock opera Tommy. The book traces the formation and evolution of the Who, and includes details of their appearance at Woodstock in 1969, Townshend calls Roger Daltrey the unquestionable leader of the band. He says he started smashing his guitars at the end of performances after he pushed one through a club ceiling in 1964. His windmill style of striking guitar chords was adopted from Keith Richards, the book also includes the many encounters Townshend had with other rock musicians, including Jimi Hendrix, whom he called a shaman because of the way he played his guitar. Townshend recalls that at the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival the Who and Hendrix argued backstage as to who would play first, Keith Moon and John Entwistle felt that Townshend was too prudish around groupies and once paid one $100 to infect him with gonorrhea. Townshend says he tried to distance himself from rock stardom as much as possible, the book details Townshends work as an editor at London publisher Faber and Faber, some of the literary personalities he worked with, and some the books he commissioned. It also covers his charity work in rehabilitation programs and establishing a shelter for battered wives, in 2003 Townshend was arrested for allegedly downloading child-pornography. In the book he explains that he was fighting the presence of such images and he was later given a formal police caution. Music journalist Rob Sheffield writing in Rolling Stone called Who I Am intensely intimate, the Guardian said that while many rock memoirs run out of gas once the classic songs dry up and the major crises have been overcome, Townshends life was never dull. It said Townshends prose is crisp, clear and unflinching, and called the book unusually frank, club said Townshends accounts of the making of albums like Whos Next and Quadrophenia are breathtaking, but complained that there are glaring gaps and dead ends in his story

23.
The Who Tour 1971
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These were interrupted for recording sessions at New Yorks Record Plant in March, which yielded material the band ultimately decided not to use. Both of the groups US tours and their autumn UK tour would support Whos Next,1971 was also the first year the group performed with backing tapes, which allowed them to include the synthesizer tracks from both Wont Get Fooled Again and Baba ORiley onstage. Recorded backing tracks would be used extensively during the Quadrophenia tours in 1973–1974 and in later years for songs like Who Are You, You Better You Bet. The following set list is from the recording that has surfaced to date. All songs written by Pete Townshend unless otherwise specified, the earliest documented date was 7 May at the City of Sunderland and the latest on 15 July at the Town Hall in Watford. The following set list is from the show at Sheffield City Hall on 3 July, all songs written by Pete Townshend unless otherwise specified. The tour began on 29 July 1971 at the Forest Hills tennis stadium in New York City, the tour also included a four-night stand at the Music Hall in Boston. Changes were made to the set prior to the tour, as Time Is Passing, Getting in Tune, some other songs were played which are not in the above lists, Road Runner Performed on 31 July 5 and 7 August. Daddy Rolling Stone Performed on 5 and 7 August, water would never appear again after this tour, while I Dont Even Know Myself would not be played again until 2000. The tour also had the band playing three nights in the Rainbow Theatre in Finsbury Park, North London, the first events taking place at the theatre under that name, I Cant Explain also began regularly serving as the opener, where it has remained for many tours since. John Sebastian of The Lovin Spoonful joined the band onstage about halfway through the show of 9 October at the University of Surrey in Guilford, another song was played which is not in the above lists, Going Down Performed on 7,9 and 13 December. List of The Who tours and performances Neill, Andy, Matt Kent, anyway Anyhow Anywhere, The Complete Chronicles of The Who 1958–1978

24.
Charlotte, North Carolina
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Charlotte /ˈʃɑːrlət/ is the largest city in the state of North Carolina. It is the county seat of Mecklenburg County and the second-largest city in the southeastern United States, just behind Jacksonville, Charlotte is the third-fastest growing major city in the United States. In 2014 the estimated population of Charlotte according to the U. S. Census Bureau was 809,958, the Charlotte metropolitan area ranks 22nd-largest in the U. S. and had a 2014 population of 2,380,314. The Charlotte metropolitan area is part of a sixteen-county market region or combined statistical area with a 2014 U. S. Census population estimate of 2,537,990, residents of Charlotte are referred to as Charlotteans. It is listed as a global city by the Globalization. Charlotte Douglas International Airport is an international hub, and was ranked the 23rd-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in 2013. Charlotte has a subtropical climate. The city is located several miles east of the Catawba River and southeast of Lake Norman, Lake Wylie and Mountain Island Lake are two smaller man-made lakes located near the city. The Catawba Native Americans were the first to settle Mecklenburg County and were first recorded in European records around 1567, by 1759 half the Catawba tribe had been killed by smallpox. At the time of their largest population, Catawba people numbered 10,000, Mecklenburg County was initially part of Bath County of New Hanover Precinct, which became New Hanover County in 1729. The western portion of New Hanover split into Bladen County in 1734, Mecklenburg County formed from Anson County in 1762. Further apportionment was made in 1792, with Cabarrus County formed from Mecklenburg and these areas were all part of one of the original six judicial/military districts of North Carolina known as the Salisbury District. The area that is now Charlotte was settled by people of European descent around 1755, Thomas Polk, who later married Thomas Spratts daughter, built his house by the intersection of two Native American trading paths between the Yadkin and Catawba rivers. One path ran north–south and was part of the Great Wagon Road, within decades of Polks settling, the area grew to become Charlotte Town, incorporating in 1768. The crossroads, perched atop the Piedmont landscape, became the heart of Uptown Charlotte, in 1770, surveyors marked the streets in a grid pattern for future development. The east–west trading path became Trade Street, and the Great Wagon Road became Tryon Street, in honor of William Tryon, the intersection of Trade and Tryon—commonly known today as Trade & Tryon, or simply The Square—is more properly called Independence Square. While surveying the boundary between the Carolinas in 1772, William Moultrie stopped in Charlotte Town, whose five or six houses were very ordinary built of logs, local leaders came together in 1775 and signed the Mecklenburg Resolves, more popularly known as the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence. While not a declaration of independence from British rule, it is among the first such declarations that eventually led to the American Revolution

25.
Meher Spiritual Center
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The Meher Spiritual Center is a 500-acre spiritual retreat along the Atlantic Ocean between Myrtle Beach and North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina and adjacent to Briarcliffe Acres. Its stated purpose is to exist as a retreat for rest, meditation, the Center has two lakes, many nature trails, and a mile of Atlantic shoreline. The Center has a built for Meher Baba which is named Meher Abode. Meher Baba stayed there during his three visits to America in the 1950s, Meher Baba inaugurated the Meher Center in 1952 and also visited in 1956 and 1958. Meher Baba requested that the land for his center in America meet certain criteria. They were, the place must have equitable climate, virgin soil, ample water, soil that could be made self-sustaining to a number of people. Elizabeth Patterson and Norina Matchabelli originally sought land in parts of the United States including California. But no land met all the requirements, eventually Elizabeth Pattersons father, Simeon B. Chapin, who was one of the developers of Myrtle Beach. He felt that it was not suitable for his plans since its lakes obstructed access to the beach

26.
Meher Baba
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Meher Baba was an Indian spiritual master who said he was the Avatar, God in human form. Merwan Sheriar Irani was born in 1894 in Pune, India to Irani Zoroastrian parents, at the age of 19, he began a seven-year spiritual transformation. During this time he contacted five spiritual masters before beginning his own mission and gathering his own disciples in early 1922, from 10 July 1925 to the end of his life, Meher Baba maintained silence, communicating by means of an alphabet board or by unique hand gestures. With his mandali, he spent long periods in seclusion, during which time he often fasted and he also traveled widely, held public gatherings and engaged in works of charity with lepers, the poor and the mentally ill. In 1931, Meher Baba made the first of many visits to the West, throughout most of the 1940s, Meher Baba worked with a category of spiritual aspirants called masts, who he said are entranced or spellbound by internal spiritual experiences. Starting in 1949, along with selected mandali, he traveled incognito about India in an enigmatic, after being injured as a passenger in two serious automobile accidents, one in the United States in 1952 and one in India in 1956, his ability to walk became severely limited. In 1962, he invited his Western followers to India for a mass darshan called The East-West Gathering, concerned by an increasing use of LSD and other psychedelic drugs, in 1966 Baba stated that they did not convey real benefits. Despite deteriorating health, he continued what he called his Universal Work and his samadhi in Meherabad, India, has become a place of international pilgrimage. Meher Baba gave numerous teachings on the cause and purpose of life, including teaching reincarnation and he taught that the Universe is imagination, that God is what really exists, and that each soul is really God passing through imagination to realize individually His own divinity. In addition he gave advice for the aspirant who wishes to attain Self-realization. He also taught about the concept of Perfect Masters, the Avatar, and his teachings are most importantly recorded in his principal books Discourses and God Speaks. Meher Babas silence has remained an issue as much among his followers as with the rest of the world. Meher Baba was an Irani born in Pune, India to a Zoroastrian family and his given name was Merwan Sheriar Irani. He was the son of Sheriar Irani, a Persian Zoroastrian who had spent years wandering in search of spiritual experience before settling in Poona. As a boy he formed The Cosmopolitan Club, which was dedicated to remaining informed in world affairs and he was a multi-instrumentalist and poet. Fluent in several languages, he was fond of the poetry of Hafez, Shakespeare. In his youth, he had no mystical inclinations or experiences and he was more interested in sports and was co-captain of his high school cricket team. At the age of 19, during his year at Deccan College in Pune, he met a very old Muslim woman who was locally revered as a saint, named Hazrat Babajan

27.
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
–
Myrtle Beach /ˈmɜːrtəlˈbiːtʃ/ is a coastal city on the east coast of the United States in Horry County, South Carolina. It is situated on the center of a large and continuous stretch of beach known as the Grand Strand in northeastern South Carolina. Myrtle Beach is one of the centers of tourism in the United States because of the citys warm subtropical climate and extensive beaches. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 27,109 with the Myrtle Beach metropolitan area population at 465,391 according to a 2013 estimate. Since then, the portion of the Myrtle Beach area has developed dramatically. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 23.55 square miles. According to the Köppen climate classification, Myrtle Beach has a subtropical climate or Cfa – typical of the Gulf. The city enjoys abundant sunshine year-round with more than 2800 hours annually, the summer season is long, hot, and humid in Myrtle Beach. Average daytime highs are from 83 to 91 °F and average lows are near 70 °F. The Bermuda High pumps in humidity from the tropical Atlantic toward Myrtle Beach, the warm Atlantic Ocean reaches 80 °F or higher in the summer months off Myrtle Beach, making for warm and sultry summer nights. Summer thunderstorms are common in the hot season in Myrtle Beach, in summer, thunderstorms normally build during the heat of the day – followed by brief and intense downpours. Myrtle Beach has mostly mild winters of short duration, Average daytime highs range from 57 to 61 °F, Myrtle Beach averages 33 days annually with frost, though in some years less than 15 days will see frost. Snowfall is very rare in Myrtle Beach, however a few times every 15 or 20 years a trace of snow might fall, in February 2010, a rare 2.8 inches of snow fell in Myrtle Beach. The spring and fall months are mild and sunny in Myrtle Beach. The beach season in Myrtle Beach normally runs from late April through late October, SST are often in the lower 80s off South Carolina in summer and early fall. Summer thunderstorms can be severe, but are brief, but tornadoes are rare in Myrtle Beach, tropical cyclones occasionally impact Myrtle Beach, though weaker tropical storms and weak tropical lows are more common. Like most areas prone to cyclones, a direct hit by a major hurricane is infrequent in Myrtle Beach. The last hurricane to cause significant damage in Myrtle Beach was Hurricane Hugo in 1989, the worst hurricane in the history of Myrtle Beach was Hurricane Hazel in 1954

28.
Double-A side
–
The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record

29.
E major
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E major is a major scale based on E, with the pitches E, F♯, G♯, A, B, C♯, and D♯. Its key signature has four sharps and its relative minor is C-sharp minor, and its parallel minor is E minor. Only two of Haydns 104 symphonies are in E major, No.12 and No.29, even in the 19th Century, symphonies in this key were rare, with Bruckners Symphony No.7 being one of very few examples. For Bruckner, the key of E major is frequently associated with music of contemplation, two symphonies that begin in D minor and end in E major are Havergal Brians Gothic Symphony and Nielsens Symphony No.4. More typically, however, some symphonies that begin in E minor switch to E major for the finale,2, Peter Ilyich Tchaikovskys Symphony No.5 and Dmitri Shostakovichs Symphony No.10. Starting with Ludwig van Beethovens Piano Concerto No, chopins first Piano Concerto starts in E minor, but the last two movements are in E major. Felix Mendelssohn used E major for the finale of his violin concerto, switching from a beginning in E minor. Antonio Vivaldi used this key for the Spring concerto from The Four Seasons, beethoven used the key of E major for two of his piano sonatas, Op. 14/1 and Op.109. The clock chime of the Westminster Quarters in the tower of Londons Palace of Westminster are tuned to the key of E major. Key Major and minor Chord Chord names and symbols Media related to E major at Wikimedia Commons

30.
Fuck
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Fuck is an obscene English-language word, which refers to the act of sexual intercourse and is also commonly used as an intensifier or to denote disdain. Its origin is obscure but is considered to be first attested to around 1475. In modern usage, the term fuck and its derivatives can be used as a noun, a verb, an adjective, there are many common phrases that employ the word, as well as compounds that incorporate it, such as motherfucker, fuckwit and fucknut. The word is considered obscene, but is common in many informal, some English-speaking countries censor it on television and radio. Andrea Millwood Hargraves 2000 study of the attitudes of the British public found that fuck was considered the third most severe profanity, cunt was considered the most severe. Nevertheless, the word has become increasingly less vulgar and more publicly acceptable, because of its increasing usage in the public forum, in 2005 the word was included for the first time as one of three vulgarities in The Canadian Presss Canadian Press Caps and Spelling guide. Journalists were advised to refrain from censoring the word but use it sparingly and only when its inclusion was essential to the story. An earlier name, that of John le Fucker recorded in 1278, has been the subject of debate, otherwise, the usually accepted first known occurrence of the word is found in code in a poem in a mixture of Latin and English composed in the 15th century. The poem, which satirizes the Carmelite friars of Cambridge, England, takes its title, Flen flyys, from the first words of its line, Flen, flyys. The line that contains fuck reads Non sunt in coeli, quia gxddbov xxkxzt pg ifmk, the phrase was probably encoded because it accused monks of breaking their vows of celibacy, it is uncertain to what extent the word fuck was considered acceptable at the time. The stem of fvccant is an English word used as Latin, English medieval Latin has many examples of writers using English words when they did not know the Latin word, in the Middle English of this poem, the term wife was still used generically for woman. The word has cognates in other Germanic languages, such as German ficken, Dutch fokken, dialectal Norwegian fukka. This points to a possible etymology where Common Germanic fuk– comes from an Indo-European root meaning to strike, by application of Grimms law, this hypothetical root has the form *pug–. Yet another possible etymology is from the Old High German word pfluog, meaning to plow, there is a theory that fuck is most likely derived from Flemish, German, or Dutch roots, and is probably not from Old English roots. There may be a kinship with the Latin futuere, a verb with almost exactly the meaning as the English verb to fuck. However, there is no clear past lineage or derivation for the Latin word and these roots, even if cognates, are not the original Indo-European word for to copulate, but Wayland Young argues that they derive from the Indo-European *bhu– or *bhug–, or as causative create. A possible intermediate might be a Latin 4th-declension verbal noun *fūtus, however, the connection to futuere has been disputed‍—‌Anatoly Liberman calls it a coincidence and writes that it is not likely to have been borrowed from the Low German precursors to fuck. Greek phyō has various meanings, including to beget, or and its perfect pephyka can be likened to fuck and its equivalents in other Germanic languages

31.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate

32.
Live 8
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Live 8 was a string of benefit concerts that took place on 2 July 2005, in the G8 states and in South Africa. They were timed to precede the G8 conference and summit held at the Gleneagles Hotel in Auchterarder, both events also coincided with the 20th anniversary of Live Aid. Run in support of the aims of the UKs Make Poverty History campaign, on 7 July, the G8 leaders pledged to double 2004 levels of aid to poor nations from US$25 billion to US$50 billion by the year 2010. Half of the money was to go to Africa, more than 1,000 musicians performed at the concerts, which were broadcast on 182 television networks and 2,000 radio networks. Live Aid organizer Bob Geldof announced the event on 31 May, many former Live Aid acts offered their services to the cause. Prior to the announcement of the event, many news sources referred to the event as Live Aid 2. However, Geldof and co-organiser Midge Ure have since said they dont think of the event as the same as Live Aid. However, after organising the event, Geldof said This is not Live Aid 2 and these concerts are the start point for The Long Walk To Justice, the one way we can all make our voices heard in unison. Many of the Live 8 backers were also involved in the largely forgotten NetAid concerts, organizers of Live 8 presented the Live 8 List to the world leaders at the Live 8 call that politicians take action to Make Poverty History. Names from the list also appeared on the giant televisions at each concert during the broadcast, an official Live 8 DVD set was released on 7 November 2005 internationally and 8 November 2005 in the United States. It was released almost a year to the day after the release of the DVD of Live Aid on 8 November 2004, broadcaster Jonathan Ross opened the European Live 8 concerts with the words, There were ten concerts held on 2 July 2005, most of them simultaneously. The first to begin was held at the Makuhari Messe in Japan and this was to represent the death of a child every three seconds owing to poverty. Bob Geldof hosted the event at Hyde Park in London, England where he also performed I Dont Like Mondays, special guests appeared throughout the concerts. Guest presenters, ranging from stars to comedians, also introduced acts. Included in the all-star line-up were Pink Floyd, reunited with former bassist/vocalist/lyricist Roger Waters for the first time in over 24 years, the complete foursome had not performed together as Pink Floyd since a show at Earls Court in London on 17 June 1981. With the death of pianist/keyboardist/backing vocalist Richard Wright in 2008, Live 8 became the time the four members of the bands best known. Attempts to lure former member Syd Barrett to perform prove fruitless, the band dedicated Wish You Were Here to the absent Barrett, who died in 2006. The final event called Edinburgh 50,000 - The Final Push was held at Murrayfield Stadium in Edinburgh and it featured further performances from some of the artists from the other concerts, and was the closest of the eleven to the actual location of the G8 summit

33.
The Kids Are Alright (film)
–
The Kids Are Alright is a 1979 rockumentary film about the English rock band The Who, including live performances, promotional films and interviews from 1964 to 1978. The film was primarily the work of American fan Jeff Stein who, despite having no experience in filmmaking, convinced the band to support the project. Stein had produced a book of photographs from the bands 1970 tour when he was just 17, in 1975, he approached Pete Townshend, The Whos principal composer and lead guitarist, about compiling a collection of film clips to provide a historical reference for the bands fans. Townshend initially rejected the idea, but was persuaded by the manager, Bill Curbishley. Townshend was on the floor, banging his head, daltreys wife was laughing so hard she knocked over the coffee table in the screening room. Thats when they were convinced that the movie was worth doing. Stein knew that many of the bands best performances and most memorable moments had either never been recorded or been lost, nevertheless, there were gaps in the depiction of the bands catalog and persona that required the shooting of new material. This began on 20 July 1977 at Shepperton Studios in Middlesex, the film crew then spent five days chronicling the daily life of drummer Keith Moon at his Malibu, California home, including his 31st birthday party. Finally, Stein attempted on several occasions to record performances of songs that were not covered by the footage, particularly Baba ORiley. The final recordings were made on 25 May 1978, but unfortunately, a version of My Wife was recorded at the Gaumont State in Kilburn in December 1977, and, although not included in the film, it appeared on the soundtrack album. Entwistle did fight for - and won - getting him and Pete to overdub their backing vocals on the Woodstock footage because Entwistle deemed the original gigs backup vocals dire, during the process of sound editing, on 7 September 1978, Keith Moon died. All of the members except Townshend had seen a rough cut of the film just a week before and, after Moons death. The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on 14 May 1979, the Who promoted the release of the film with some live performances with their new drummer, former Small Faces and Faces drummer Kenney Jones. An album was released as a soundtrack in June 1979 that included some songs, the album reached #26 in the UK, and fared better in the US where it peaked at #8 on the Billboard album charts and went Platinum. The film starts with a bang — literally — at the bands only US variety show appearance, on 15 September 1967, The Who appeared on the CBS show The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour in Los Angeles following the end of their first US tour. They lip-synched the songs I Can See For Miles and My Generation, Moon made the biggest impact, however, when the destructive nature of his on-stage persona reached its highest level. After The Whos performance of My Generation, they began smashing their instruments, Moon packed explosive charge in his bass drum which set Townshends hair on fire and rendered him temporarily deaf for 20 minutes, while cymbal shrapnel left a gash in Moons arm. Townshend then took the acoustic guitar Smothers was holding and smashed it to bits on the ground, since the guitar that Smothers was holding can clearly be seen with no strings on it, Townshends smashing of Smothers guitar was staged and expected by those on stage

34.
Roger Daltrey
–
Roger Harry Daltrey, CBE is an English singer and actor. Daltrey began his career in 1973, while still a member of the Who. Since then, he has released eight albums, five compilation albums. His solo hits include Giving It All Away, Walking the Dog, Written on the Wind, Free Me, Without Your Love, Walking in My Sleep, After the Fire, and Under a Raging Moon. In 2010, he was ranked as number 61 on Rolling Stones list of the 100 greatest singers of all time, Daltrey has been known as one of the most charismatic of rocks frontmen and famed for his powerful voice and energetic stage presence. As a member of the Who, Daltrey received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the British Phonographic Industry in 1988 and he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. The Who are considered one of the most influential bands of the 20th century. He and Pete Townshend received The George and Ira Gershwin Award for Lifetime Musical Achievement at UCLA on 21 May 2016, Daltrey has also been an actor and film producer, with roles in films, theatre, and television. Roger Harry Daltrey was born on 1 March 1944, in Hammersmith Hospital, East Acton, London, England, Daltreys father fought in World War II at the time, and came home a few years later. He was brought up in Acton, the working class suburban district that produced fellow Who members Pete Townshend. Daltrey attended Victoria Primary School and then Acton County Grammar School for Boys and girls along with Townshend and Entwistle. He showed academic promise in the English state school system, ranking at the top of his class on the examination that led to his enrolment at the Acton County Grammar School. He made his first guitar from a block of wood, a cherry red Stratocaster replica and they told him that he had to bring a guitar, and within a few weeks he showed up with it, and he could play it too. When his father bought him an Epiphone guitar in 1959, he became the lead guitarist for the band, describing the post-war times, Townshend wrote in his autobiography, until he was expelled Roger had been a good pupil. Daltrey became a metal worker during the day, while practising, and performing nights with the band at weddings, pubs. He invited schoolmate Entwistle to play guitar in the band. At that time, the also had Doug Sandom on drums. After Dawson left the band, Daltrey switched to lead vocals, in 1964, drummer Sandom left the band, eventually being replaced by Keith Moon

35.
Gaumont State Cinema
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Gaumont State Cinema is a Grade II* listed Art Deco theatre located in Kilburn, a district in northwest London. Designed by George Coles and opened in 1937, the Gaumont State was one of the biggest auditoria in Europe, the name State is said to come from the huge 120 feet tower, inspired by the Empire State Building in New York City. The exterior of the cinema is designed in an Art Deco Italian Renaissance style, the tower, designed in the style of a 1930s New York skyscraper, can be seen for miles around, and bears the name STATE in large red neon letters. The interior was designed in the opulent style of cinemas of the day and it is also one of the few cinema organs remaining in their original locations. Entertainers such as Gracie Fields, Larry Adler and George Formby performed at the opening broadcast live on BBC Radio on 20 December 1937. Since then, the Gaumont State has been one of the most popular venues in London. From the late 1980s until 2007 the building was run as a hall by Mecca Bingo. In 2007 the bingo was closed, and the building and surrounding site were put up for sale, a campaign to Save the Kilburn State from unsympathetic property developers, and restore it as a cultural centre, was started in the same year by local residents. The building was acquired by Brixton-based Ruach Ministries, led by Bishop John Anthony Francis

36.
Kilburn, London
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Kilburn is an area of north-west London, England, which is between London Borough of Brent postcodes, most of Kilburn is in the Brent but a small section is inside Westminster. West Kilburn which is Kilburn lane to the north, Fernhead road to the east, Harrow road to the south, Kilburn is situated 3.75 miles north-west of Charing Cross. The main thoroughfare running northwest-southeast is Kilburn High Road, part of the modern A5 road which forms the boundary between the boroughs of Brent and Camden, the road dates back to pre-Roman times and is part of the Roman road known as Watling Street. The town of Kilburn has its origins in a 12th-century priory on the banks of the Kilburn Brook, Kilburn today is a busy and multicultural London district. It has one of the capitals highest Irish populations, as well as a sizable Afro-Caribbean population, the area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Kilburn High Road originated as an ancient trackway, part of a Celtic route between the now known as Canterbury and St Albans. Under Roman rule, the route was paved, in Anglo-Saxon times the road became known as Watling Street. Kilburn grew up on the banks of a stream which has been known variously as Cuneburna, Kelebourne and Cyebourne and it is suggested the name means either Royal River or Cattle River. The river is today as the River Westbourne. From the 1850s it was piped underground and is now one of Londons many underground rivers, the name Kilburn was first recorded in 1134 as Cuneburna, referring to the priory which had been built on the site of the cell of a hermit known as Godwyn. Godwyn had built his hermitage by the Kilburn river during the reign of Henry I, Kilburn Priory was a small community of nuns, probably Augustinian canonesses. It was founded in 1134 at the Kilburn river crossing on Watling Street, Kilburn Priorys position on Watling Street meant that it became a popular resting point for pilgrims heading for the shrines at St Albans and Willesden. The Priory was dissolved in 1536-37 by Henry VIII, and nothing remains of it today, the priory lands included a mansion and a hostium, which may have been the origin of the Red Lion pub, thought to have been founded in 1444. Opposite, the Bell Inn was opened around 1600, on the site of the old mansion, the whole is now open for the reception of the public, the great room being particularly adapted to the use and amusement of the politest companies. Fit either for music, dancing, or entertainments, a plentiful larder is always provided, together with the best of wines and other liquors. A printed account of the waters, as drawn up by an eminent physician, is given gratis at the Wells, in the 19th century the wells declined, but the Kilburn Wells remained popular as a tea garden. The Bell was demolished and rebuilt in 1863, the building stands there today. The Kilburn stretch of Watling Street, now called Edgware Road and Kilburn High Road, was built up with inns

37.
The Who Tour 1976
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The Who Tour 1976 was The Whos second concert tour for their The Who By Numbers album. As in 1975, the set was dominated by a lengthy selection from Tommy. The first show of the groups first North American tour of the year in Boston began disastrously, the group would not perform at all between the Toronto and Kilburn shows, the only band activity during that time being early sessions for Who Are You. Pinball Wizard, Im Free, and Squeeze Box appear on the Greatest Hits Live compilation album, dreaming from the Waist and My Wife appear on the Thirty Years of Maximum R&B box set. Tommys Holiday Camp, Were Not Gonna Take It, and See Me, the four shows acted as the warm-ups for the main US tour. Here is a typical setlist. Slip Kid was dropped from the act after the 15 March show in Oklahoma City, here is a fairly typical set list for this leg of the tour. The show was produced on the following day. This leg started on 22 May in Colmar, France and ended on 12 June in Swansea, Wales and this leg also featured the Guinness World Record-holder for the loudest concert ever at The Valley in Charlton, England. Its volume from 50 meters away was at 120 decibels, moons final European concerts also took place during this leg. Here is a set list for this leg of the tour. The list stayed mainly the same throughout the leg, but the first two shows of the leg featured some songs in the My Generation medley, Doctor Jimmy Performed on 22 and 25 May. The Punk and the Godfather Performed on 22 and 25 May, the set list did not change from the previous leg. The tour included two dates in Oakland with The Grateful Dead, promoted by Bill Graham, here is a typical set list for the leg. Goode There were other songs played on this leg which are not on the lists above, who Are You Performed on 21 October. List of The Who tours and performances The Who Online Concert Guide

38.
Maple Leaf Gardens
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Maple Leaf Gardens is a historic building located at the northwest corner of Carlton Street and Church Street in Toronto, Canada. The building was constructed as an arena to host ice hockey games. Considered one of the cathedrals of ice hockey, it was home to the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League from 1931 to 1999, the Leafs won the Stanley Cup 11 times from 1932 to 1967 while playing at the Gardens. The first NHL All-Star Game, albeit an unofficial one, was held at the Gardens in 1934 as a benefit for Leafs forward Ace Bailey, the first official annual National Hockey League All-Star Game was also held at Maple Leaf Gardens in 1947. The NBAs Buffalo Braves played a total of 16 regular season games at Maple Leaf Gardens from 1971 to 1975, the NBAs Toronto Raptors played six games at the Gardens from 1997 to 1999, mostly when SkyDome was unavailable. It was also one of the few venues outside of the United States where Elvis Presley performed in concert, in 1972, Maple Leaf Gardens hosted game 2 of the famous Summit Series between Team Canada and the USSR. Team Canada won the game 4–1, the Toronto Maple Leafs had been playing in the Arena Gardens on Mutual Street. It was built in 1912 and held 7,500 for ice hockey, by 1930, Leafs managing director Conn Smythe decided the Arena was too small and he wanted to build a new arena, larger and more impressive. After considering various sites, the site at the corner of Carlton, Eaton Co. Ltd. for $350,000, a price said to be $150,000 below market value. The new 12,473 seat arena was designed by the firm of Ross. To finance the construction, Smythe launched Maple Leaf Gardens Limited, a management company that would own the arena, a public offering of shares in MLGL was made at C$10 each, with a free common share for each five preferred shares purchased. Ownership of the team was transferred to MLGL in return for shares. His son, Foster Hewitt, was hired to run the radio broadcasts, the contract to construct the building was awarded to Thomson Brothers Construction of Port Credit in Toronto Township. That price did not include work, which was estimated at an additional $100,000. Additional savings were made through deals with unions, in exchange for shares in MLGL. Construction began at midnight on June 1,1931, in what is to this day considered to be a remarkable accomplishment, the Gardens was constructed in five months and two weeks at a cost of C$1.5 million. Team owner Ballard lived in the owners suite built into the arenas top northeast corner, the Gardens opened on November 12,1931, with the Maple Leafs losing 2–1 to the Chicago Blackhawks. Reported attendance on opening night was 13,542, the Leafs would go on to win their first Stanley Cup as the Maple Leafs that season

39.
Toronto
–
Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. With a population of 2,731,571, Toronto is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles. A global city, Toronto is a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years, the city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe, used by the Wyandot, Iroquois, and the Mississauga. Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s, after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787, the British established the town of York, and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York, York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834, and became the capital of the province of Ontario during the Canadian Confederation in 1867. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canadas major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Toronto is well known for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere, the name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquois word tkaronto, meaning place where trees stand in the water. This refers to the end of what is now Lake Simcoe. A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, in the 1660s, the Iroquois established two villages within what is today Toronto, Ganatsekwyagon on the banks of the Rouge River and Teiaiagonon the banks of the Humber River. By 1701, the Mississauga had displaced the Iroquois, who abandoned the Toronto area at the end of the Beaver Wars, French traders founded Fort Rouillé on the current Exhibition grounds in 1750, but abandoned it in 1759. During the American Revolutionary War, the region saw an influx of British settlers as United Empire Loyalists fled for the British-controlled lands north of Lake Ontario, the new province of Upper Canada was in the process of creation and needed a capital. Dorchester intended the location to be named Toronto, in 1793, Governor John Graves Simcoe established the town of York on the Toronto Purchase lands, instead naming it after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Simcoe decided to move the Upper Canada capital from Newark to York, the York garrison was constructed at the entrance of the towns natural harbour, sheltered by a long sandbar peninsula. The towns settlement formed at the end of the harbour behind the peninsula, near the present-day intersection of Parliament Street. In 1813, as part of the War of 1812, the Battle of York ended in the towns capture, the surrender of the town was negotiated by John Strachan. US soldiers destroyed much of the garrison and set fire to the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation, the sacking of York was a primary motivation for the Burning of Washington by British troops later in the war

40.
Rainbow Theatre
–
Rainbow Theatre is a Grade II*-listed building located in Finsbury Park, London, England. Built as a cinema in 1930, it became well known as a music venue and is now a Pentecostal church. Former Stage Manager, Rick Burton has published a website with a history of who has performed at the theatre. When it opened in 1930, the Astoria Cinema was one of the largest in the world, standing at the junction of Isledon Road and Seven Sisters Road on an island site, it was the fourth of the famous London suburban Astoria Theatres built by film exhibitor Arthur Segal. It was opened on 29 September 1930, there were three other Astorias, Streatham, Old Kent Road and Brixton. It was in use as a cinema until September 1971 when it was given over to live music – although rock concerts had been a feature throughout the 1960s. The plain faience exterior, designed by Edward A. Stone, acted as a foil to a lavish atmospheric interior by Somerford & Barr, with decoration carried out by Marc-Henri and G. Laverdet. A Moorish foyer with a goldfish-filled fountain led to an auditorium recalling an Andalucian village at night, the stage,35 feet deep and spanned by a 64-foot-wide proscenium arch, was equipped with a twin-console Compton 3-manual/13-rank theatre organ. Backstage, there were 12 dressing rooms, the opening night,29 September 1930, featured Ronald Colman in Condemned and a Gala Stage Spectacle, with artists from the other Astoria Theatres making a special engagement on the stage. In December 1930, the Astoria was taken over by Paramount Pictures and it was taken over again, on 27 November 1939, by Oscar Deutschs Odeon Theatres Ltd. One-night concerts were held on the stage in the 1960s, with the building becoming one of the music venues in the capital. It was at this theatre that Jimi Hendrix first burnt a guitar, with the collusion of his manager Chas Chandler and a journalist from NME. Hendrix proceeded to set fire to his Fender Stratocaster guitar on 31 March 1967 on the night of the Walker Brothers tour. The Beach Boys album, Live In London, was recorded here in 1968, renamed Odeon on 17 November 1970, the theatre was closed by the Rank Organisation on 25 September 1971 with Bill Travers in Gorgo and Hayley Mills in Twisted Nerve. The Odeon was converted into the Rainbow Theatre from 4 November 1971, the Who later wrote and recorded the song Long Live Rock, which celebrates the theatre. The Osmonds made their appearance in London at the Rainbow Theatre in the early 1970s. Zappa was in the hospital for six weeks, the Faces performed there on 12 February 1972. Pink Floyd played a four-night stand at the venue during the beginning of their Eclipsed Tour, on which its main set is known as the pre-Dark Side Of The Moon set

41.
The Concert for New York City
–
Paul Shaffer acted as Musical Director for the show and various celebrities and political figures including Howard Stern and Rudy Giuliani appeared between the acts. Many athletes also appeared between the acts including Joe Torre, whose Yankees were on their way to competing in their fourth consecutive World Series. The concert also included short films made by New York Citys most notable filmmakers such as Woody Allen, Martin Scorsese. Over 60 stars that participated in the concert signed unique memorabilia backstage at Madison Square Garden that were auctioned off to support the Robin Hood Foundation. The autographed items included 3 large posters of the concert and 3 customized 24 drumheads, other items included a complete drumset and guitar. Much of the crowd itself was extremely emotional, with family members. Three speakers were booed, actress Susan Sarandon, actor Richard Gere, Hillary Clinton did not overtly acknowledge the reaction, and spoke over the noise of the crowd by raising her voice. Richard Gere did acknowledge the crowds jeering at his pacifist stance, stating, Thats apparently unpopular right now, the repeats and DVD version were digitally edited to remove the booing, and replaced it with dubbed cheering for Hillary Clinton. Adam Sandlers performance of Operaman was considered by many to be one of the highlights of the night, the backdrop for the band consisted of an American flag alongside the British flag, showing solidarity. Vocalist Roger Daltreys final words to the crowd of first responders and their families were and this performance would turn out to be bassist John Entwistles final performance in America with The Who, he died of a heart attack only eight months later. Multi-instrumentalist Jon Carin, who had worked with the band during the groups 1996–1997 tours, I never thought it would really happen. But unlike the end of that song, elton Johns sentimental Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters was also well received, among other performances. After one performance by The Who, FDNY firefighter Mike Moran spoke to the audience, explaining that his brother was killed on 9/11, and that the victims would not be forgotten. He ended by saying In the spirit of the Irish people, Osama Bin Laden, you can kiss my royal, Irish ass. which was met with wild cheering, Moran removed his cap and concluded with, This is my face, bitch. Which was, again, met with cheers from the crowd. &@ York Sounds from a Town I Love is a 2001 comedy short film of three minutes, written and directed by Woody Allen. The film was first shown during The Concert for New York City, the film consists purely of cell-phone conversation snippets of twenty-two random people walking through the streets of New York City. Ranging from complainers to neurotic worriers conversing about bizarre or amusing situations, they, the film ends with a message from Woody Allen, I love this town. John Cusack introduced the film with a message from Woody Allen, the cause was so worthwhile that I could not say no when approached to contribute something to this wonderful show

Black Sabbath
–
The band experienced multiple line-up changes, with Iommi being the only constant member throughout its history. Originally formed as a rock band, the group soon adopted the Black Sabbath moniker and began incorporating occult themes with horror-inspired lyrics. They also composed songs about social instability, political corruption and drugs, Osbo

2.
Tony Iommi and Ozzy Osbourne on stage at Kooyong Stadium in Melbourne, Australia on 13 January 1973.

3.
Tony Iommi in 1978.

4.
Black Sabbath performing in Cardiff in 1981.

Single (music)
–
In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Ty

1.
45 rpm single record

The Who
–
The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964. Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey, guitarist and singer Pete Townshend, bass guitarist John Entwistle, and drummer Keith Moon. They are considered one of the most influential bands of the 20th century, selling over 100 million records worldwide and holding a reputation

1.
The Who in 1975 Left to right: Roger Daltrey (vocals), John Entwistle (bass), Keith Moon (drums), Pete Townshend (guitar)

2.
Pete Townshend attended Ealing Art College (pictured in 2010), and his experience there contributed to the Who's career.

3.
Roger Daltrey (left) and Keith Moon, 1967

4.
John Entwistle backstage in 1967

Who Are You
–
Who Are You is the eighth studio album by English rock band The Who, released on 18 August 1978 by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom and MCA Records in the United States. The album received mixed reviews critics, though it was a commercial success, peaking at number 2 on the US charts. Who Are You was The Whos last album to feature Keith Moon a

1.
Who Are You

A-side and B-side
–
The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrument

1.
Victor 17929A and 17929B.

Had Enough (The Who song)
–
Had Enough is a song written by The Who bassist John Entwistle, and featured on their eighth studio album, Who Are You. It was also released as a double A-sided single with Who Are You, making it Entwistles second single A-side, like 905, Had Enough was planned to feature on a rock opera in the process of being written by Entwistle, but was never f

1.
"Had Enough"

Rock music
–
It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usu

1.
Red Hot Chili Peppers in 2006, showing a quartet lineup for a rock band (from left to right: bassist, lead vocalist, drummer, and guitarist).

2.
Elvis Presley in a promotion shot for Jailhouse Rock in 1957

3.
Chubby Checker in 2005

4.
The Beach Boys performing in 1964

Polydor
–
Polydor is a British record label and company, that operates as part of Universal Music Group. It has a relationship with Universals Interscope Geffen A&M label. In turn, Polydor distributes Interscope releases in the United Kingdom, Polydor Records Ltd. was established in London in 1954 as a British subsidiary of German company Deutsche Grammophon

MCA Records
–
MCA Records was an American-based record company owned by MCA Inc. which later gave way to the larger MCA Music Entertainment Group, of which MCA Records was still part. MCAs country division, MCA Nashville, is an active imprint of Universal Music Group Nashville. MCA was forced to exit the talent agency business in order to complete the merger, as

1.
MCA Music (Philippines)

2.
MCA Records

3.
First MCA Records logo, with lowercase name, used outside the United States and patterned after the 1960s American Decca logo.

4.
MCA Records logo used from 1972 through 1990.

Songwriter
–
A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hit

1.
Songwriter and singer Chris de Burgh.

Pete Townshend
–
His career with the Who spans over 50 years, during which time the band grew to be considered one of the most influential bands of the 20th century. He has also more than 100 songs that have appeared on his solo albums, as well as radio jingles. He is self-taught on all of the instruments he plays and has never had any formal training, due to his a

Record producer
–
A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select th

1.
Alan Parsons in an ESO 50th anniversary video.

2.
A Danish recording session

3.
Mixing Console

Squeeze Box (song)
–
Squeeze Box is a song by The Who from their album The Who by Numbers. Written by Pete Townshend, the lyrics are couched in double entendres. Unlike many of the other hits, the song features country-like elements. Squeeze Box was a success, peaking at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart. The song is also their only international hit, reaching number o

1.
Continental Europe single sleeve

2.
US single sleeve

3.
"Squeeze Box"

Trick of the Light (The Who song)
–
Trick of the Light is a song written by bassist John Entwistle for The Whos eighth studio album, Who Are You. It was released as the single from the album, atypically with another Entwistle song,905 on the B-side. The lyrics describe fear of being inadequate in the face of a prostitute. The singer wants to have a connection with the prostitute but

1.
"Trick of the Light"

Keith Moon
–
Keith John Moon was an English drummer who played with the English rock band the Who. He was noted for his style and his eccentric, often self-destructive behaviour. His drumming continues to be praised by critics and musicians, Moon grew up in Alperton, a suburb of Wembley, in Middlesex, and took up the drums during the early 1960s. After playing

John Entwistle
–
John Alec Entwistle was an English singer, songwriter, composer, musician, film and music producer. In a music career spanned more than 40 years, Entwistle was best known as the original bass guitarist for the English rock band the Who. He was the member of the band to have formal musical training. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fam

1.
John Entwistle in 1976

2.
Entwistle backstage with The Who, 1967

3.
Entwistle playing at Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto 1976

Rod Argent
–
Rodney Terence Rod Argent is an English musician, singer, songwriter, composer, and record producer. Argent is one of the composers of The Zombies music. As the bands keyboardist he used a variety of instruments, including the Mellotron, the harpsichord, as a child, Argent sang as a boy chorister in the St Albans Cathedral Choir. While at St Albans

1.
Rod Argent

Steve Jones (musician)
–
Stephen Steve Philip Jones is an English rock guitarist, singer and actor, best known as a guitarist with the Sex Pistols. Following the split of the Sex Pistols he formed The Professionals with former bandmate Paul Cook and he has also released two solo abums, and worked with the likes of Johnny Thunders, Iggy Pop, Bob Dylan and Thin Lizzy. In 199

1.
Jones in 2008

2.
The Sex Pistols in Amsterdam in 1977.

Paul Cook
–
Paul Thomas Cook is an English drummer and member of the punk rock band the Sex Pistols. Cook was raised in Hammersmith and attended the Christopher Wren School, now Phoenix High School, London in White City Estate, Shepherds Bush, in 1972–1973, Cook and Jones, along with their school friend Wally Nightingale, formed a band, The Strand. Paul Cook f

1.
Cook playing with the Sex Pistols in Paradiso, Amsterdam, Netherlands on 6 January 1977.

2.
The Sex Pistols in Amsterdam in 1977.

Soho
–
Soho is an area of the City of Westminster and is part of the West End of London, England. Since the 1980s, the area has undergone considerable gentrification and it is now predominantly a fashionable district of upmarket restaurants and media offices, with only a small remnant of sex industry venues. Soho is a small, multicultural area of central

Allan Klein
–
He founded ABKCO Music & Records Incorporated. Klein revolutionized the potential of recording artists, who previously had been routinely victimized by onerous record company contracts. Although Klein greatly increased his clients incomes he also enriched himself, after years of pursuit by the IRS, Klein was convicted of a misdemeanor charge of mak

1.
Klein in 1971

2.
UK releases

3.
Studio albums

Who I Am (book)
–
Who I Am is a memoir by rock guitarist and composer Pete Townshend of the Who. It was published by HarperCollins in October 2012 in both book and e-book format, plus an unabridged 15-CD audiobook read by Townshend, the book chronicles Townshends upbringing in London, the formation and evolution of the Who, and his struggles with rock stardom and dr

1.
First hardback edition cover

The Who Tour 1971
–
These were interrupted for recording sessions at New Yorks Record Plant in March, which yielded material the band ultimately decided not to use. Both of the groups US tours and their autumn UK tour would support Whos Next,1971 was also the first year the group performed with backing tapes, which allowed them to include the synthesizer tracks from b

1.
The Who Tour 1971

Charlotte, North Carolina
–
Charlotte /ˈʃɑːrlət/ is the largest city in the state of North Carolina. It is the county seat of Mecklenburg County and the second-largest city in the southeastern United States, just behind Jacksonville, Charlotte is the third-fastest growing major city in the United States. In 2014 the estimated population of Charlotte according to the U. S. Cen

Meher Spiritual Center
–
The Meher Spiritual Center is a 500-acre spiritual retreat along the Atlantic Ocean between Myrtle Beach and North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina and adjacent to Briarcliffe Acres. Its stated purpose is to exist as a retreat for rest, meditation, the Center has two lakes, many nature trails, and a mile of Atlantic shoreline. The Center has a built fo

1.
Meher Spiritual Center

2.
Center Entrance

3.
Gateway

4.
Lagoon Cabin front

Meher Baba
–
Meher Baba was an Indian spiritual master who said he was the Avatar, God in human form. Merwan Sheriar Irani was born in 1894 in Pune, India to Irani Zoroastrian parents, at the age of 19, he began a seven-year spiritual transformation. During this time he contacted five spiritual masters before beginning his own mission and gathering his own disc

1.
Meher Baba in 1945

2.
Meher Baba

3.
Meher Baba (as Merwan Irani) at 16 years old in 1910

4.
Meher Baba dictating a message to a disciple in 1936 using his alphabet board

Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
–
Myrtle Beach /ˈmɜːrtəlˈbiːtʃ/ is a coastal city on the east coast of the United States in Horry County, South Carolina. It is situated on the center of a large and continuous stretch of beach known as the Grand Strand in northeastern South Carolina. Myrtle Beach is one of the centers of tourism in the United States because of the citys warm subtrop

Double-A side
–
The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrument

1.
Victor 17929A and 17929B.

E major
–
E major is a major scale based on E, with the pitches E, F♯, G♯, A, B, C♯, and D♯. Its key signature has four sharps and its relative minor is C-sharp minor, and its parallel minor is E minor. Only two of Haydns 104 symphonies are in E major, No.12 and No.29, even in the 19th Century, symphonies in this key were rare, with Bruckners Symphony No.7 b

1.
E major

Fuck
–
Fuck is an obscene English-language word, which refers to the act of sexual intercourse and is also commonly used as an intensifier or to denote disdain. Its origin is obscure but is considered to be first attested to around 1475. In modern usage, the term fuck and its derivatives can be used as a noun, a verb, an adjective, there are many common p

1.
Tank left over from U.S. military shelling practice on Flamenco Beach on the island of Culebra, Puerto Rico

American Broadcasting Company
–
The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separ

1.
ABC's corporate headquarters are located at 77 West 66th Street, on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City.

2.
American Broadcasting Company

3.
Edward Noble, founder of ABC

4.
In 2002, dancers and other cast members from the 32-year run of American Bandstand reunited with host Dick Clark to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the show's local television debut.

Live 8
–
Live 8 was a string of benefit concerts that took place on 2 July 2005, in the G8 states and in South Africa. They were timed to precede the G8 conference and summit held at the Gleneagles Hotel in Auchterarder, both events also coincided with the 20th anniversary of Live Aid. Run in support of the aims of the UKs Make Poverty History campaign, on

1.
The Live 8 logo

2.
The Live 8 concert in the Tiergarten, Berlin. On stage is a-ha

3.
The Live 8 concert in Rome, Italy

4.
A pair of Live 8 London tickets

The Kids Are Alright (film)
–
The Kids Are Alright is a 1979 rockumentary film about the English rock band The Who, including live performances, promotional films and interviews from 1964 to 1978. The film was primarily the work of American fan Jeff Stein who, despite having no experience in filmmaking, convinced the band to support the project. Stein had produced a book of pho

1.
The Kids Are Alright

Roger Daltrey
–
Roger Harry Daltrey, CBE is an English singer and actor. Daltrey began his career in 1973, while still a member of the Who. Since then, he has released eight albums, five compilation albums. His solo hits include Giving It All Away, Walking the Dog, Written on the Wind, Free Me, Without Your Love, Walking in My Sleep, After the Fire, and Under a Ra

1.
Daltrey in 2008

2.
Daltrey, on stage with Pete Townshend, 10 October 1976

3.
Daltrey, right, with Pete Townshend in 2004

4.
Daltrey with The Who at the Manchester Arena in 2014.

Gaumont State Cinema
–
Gaumont State Cinema is a Grade II* listed Art Deco theatre located in Kilburn, a district in northwest London. Designed by George Coles and opened in 1937, the Gaumont State was one of the biggest auditoria in Europe, the name State is said to come from the huge 120 feet tower, inspired by the Empire State Building in New York City. The exterior o

1.
Gaumont State Cinema on Kilburn High Road

2.
The former 3rd class entrance of Gaumont State Cinema

Kilburn, London
–
Kilburn is an area of north-west London, England, which is between London Borough of Brent postcodes, most of Kilburn is in the Brent but a small section is inside Westminster. West Kilburn which is Kilburn lane to the north, Fernhead road to the east, Harrow road to the south, Kilburn is situated 3.75 miles north-west of Charing Cross. The main th

1.
Kilburn Library

2.
A paving stone on Kilburn High Road commemorates the route of Watling Street.

3.
A paving stone commemorates the former Wells on the corner of Belsize Road and the High Road

4.
The Red Lion, est. 1444

The Who Tour 1976
–
The Who Tour 1976 was The Whos second concert tour for their The Who By Numbers album. As in 1975, the set was dominated by a lengthy selection from Tommy. The first show of the groups first North American tour of the year in Boston began disastrously, the group would not perform at all between the Toronto and Kilburn shows, the only band activity

1.
The 1976 Who Tour

Maple Leaf Gardens
–
Maple Leaf Gardens is a historic building located at the northwest corner of Carlton Street and Church Street in Toronto, Canada. The building was constructed as an arena to host ice hockey games. Considered one of the cathedrals of ice hockey, it was home to the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League from 1931 to 1999, the Leafs won the

Toronto
–
Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. With a population of 2,731,571, Toronto is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles. A global city, Toronto is a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now kno

1.
From top left: Downtown Toronto featuring the CN Tower and Financial District from the Toronto Harbour, City Hall, the Ontario Legislative Building, Casa Loma, Prince Edward Viaduct, and the Scarborough Bluffs

2.
Coat of arms

3.
Map of Toronto, 1894

4.
Yonge Street in 1900

Rainbow Theatre
–
Rainbow Theatre is a Grade II*-listed building located in Finsbury Park, London, England. Built as a cinema in 1930, it became well known as a music venue and is now a Pentecostal church. Former Stage Manager, Rick Burton has published a website with a history of who has performed at the theatre. When it opened in 1930, the Astoria Cinema was one o

1.
Rainbow Theatre, London

The Concert for New York City
–
Paul Shaffer acted as Musical Director for the show and various celebrities and political figures including Howard Stern and Rudy Giuliani appeared between the acts. Many athletes also appeared between the acts including Joe Torre, whose Yankees were on their way to competing in their fourth consecutive World Series. The concert also included short

2.
Gameplay of a full band playing Metallica 's " Enter Sandman ". Each instrument is represented by a different interface: bass guitar (right), drums (middle), lead guitar (left), vocals (top). The Band Meter (green meter on left) measures the performance of each band member, while the Energy Meter (gold meter beneath each interface) tracks each player's Overdrive.

3.
The Fender Stratocaster Controller, which features 10 frets, a whammy bar, and an effects switch.

4.
The drum controller, which features 4 pads, a bass drum pedal, and real drumsticks.