Neo-Paganism, continued...

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Kentucky %: 0.7

Neo-Paganism

Louisiana

400

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Louisiana %: 0.2

Neo-Paganism

Maine

1,400

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Maine %: 0.7

Neo-Paganism

Maryland

5,600

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Maryland %: 2.8

Neo-Paganism

Massachusetts

15,200

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Massachusetts %: 7.6

Neo-Paganism

Michigan

8,200

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Michigan %: 4.1

Neo-Paganism

Minnesota

1,400

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Minnesota %: 0.7

Neo-Paganism

Mississippi

400

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Mississippi %: 0.2

Neo-Paganism

Missouri

2,400

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Missouri %: 1.2

Neo-Paganism

Montana

600

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Montana %: 0.3

Neo-Paganism

Nebraska

400

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Nebraska %: 0.2

Neo-Paganism

Nevada

1,000

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Nevada %: 0.5

Neo-Paganism

New Hampshire

1,400

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; New Hampshire %: 0.7

Neo-Paganism

New Jersey

4,000

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; New Jersey %: 2

Neo-Paganism

New Mexico

3,000

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; New Mexico %: 1.5

Neo-Paganism

New York

14,600

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; New York %: 7.3

The Wiccan ( "Neopagan Witchcraft ") movement includes the vast majority of the 100,000 to 250,000 people involved in Neopaganism in North America.

Neo-Paganism

North Carolina

3,400

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; North Carolina %: 1.7

Neo-Paganism

North Dakota

200

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; North Dakota %: 0.1

Neo-Paganism

Ohio

8,800

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Ohio %: 4.4

Neo-Paganism

Oklahoma

2,000

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Oklahoma %: 1

Neo-Paganism

Oregon

4,000

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Oregon %: 2

Neo-Paganism

Pennsylvania

4,800

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Pennsylvania %: 2.4

Neo-Paganism

Puerto Rico

600

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Puerto Rico %: 0.3

Neo-Paganism

Rhode Island

1,200

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Rhode Island %: 0.6

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; South Carolina %: 0.8

Neo-Paganism

South Dakota

-

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9). [NOTE: South Dakota was the only state with no respondents in census, so presumably there are very few Neo-Pagans there.]

Neo-Paganism

Tennessee

200

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Tennessee %: 0.1

Neo-Paganism

Texas

1,200

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Texas %: 0.6

There are at least 25,000 Pagans living, working and practising in Britain, but this is a conservative estimate, since there is no centralised body. Comparably, the Society of Friends, or Quakers, in Britain number only 20,000.

"Recent estimates indicate that there were nearly 100,000 practicing pagans in the United States as of 1989, and the numbers are growing. " [book review of Drawing Down the Moon by David Bass.]

Neo-Paganism

USA

200,000

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

"Even with the imperfections... Kelly provides the most reliable estimate to date, as he uses a combination of methods to arrive at his figure [of 300,000]. If his estimate is cut by one-third to one-half, a more conservative number of 150,000 to 200,000 Neo-Pagans in the United States is reached. "

Neo-Paganism

USA

300,000

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

"Aidan Kelly extrapolates from mailing lists, festival attendance, and the number of covens in the area he knows best--the San Francisco Bay area--and estimates that there are 300,000 Neo-Pagans in the United States (1992:139-41). This is probably an over-estimation, as in each of the three methods he uses, Kelly is gauging the number of covens in the U.S. and multiplying the number of covens by ten, which he believes is the averge coven membership. Ten members is plausibly the typical size of a coven, but it is probably not the average size, since there are probably more covens with a membership of less than ten than a membership of more than ten. Furthermore... his third method, which uses the per capita number of covens in San Francisco as a template for the nation, brings his figures into question... San Francisco... does have a higher ratio of Neo-Pagans than many other areas in the U.S... Even with the imperfections... Kelly provides the most reliable estimate to date... "

Neo-Paganism

USA

-

-

-

-

1994

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 15.

"Witches' involvement in their religion can vary greatly... The boundaries of this religion are permeable, with some people only marginally involved. They come to rituals or to retreats for fun, in the hope of finding a sexual partner, or because they have a friend who is going. Enjoying the people they meet or finding a lover results in their returning to other events. They may take the label Witch or Neo-Pagan or not. Some of these people, after staying at the periphery for a few years, leave the Neo-Pagan community... Others start to become more involved; they may begin seriously reading about Witchcraft, join a coven, or take a course... Although for those individuals who are only peripherally involved Witchcraft may be a 'leisure-time' activity, this is not true for the committed, many of whom place their religious commitment above career... In this respect Wicca resembles more mainline religions, which also have members with differing levels of involvement. "

"Depending on who you talk to and what definitions you use, there are between 40,000 and 200,000 neopagans in the U.S.; the true figure is probably closer to the latter than the former. "

Neo-Paganism

USA

300,000

-

3,000units

-

1998

Newport, John P. The New Age Movement and the Biblical Worldview: Conflict and Dialogue, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan (1998); pg. 235.

Kelly estimates that there are about 3,000 covens in America and about 300,000 practicing neopagans. [primarily witches/Wicca. This quote is from a section focusing mostly on Wicca]

Neo-Paganism

USA

80,000

-

-

-

1998

*LINK* web site: "Christian Research Journal " (P.O. Box 7000; Rancho Santa Margarita); web page: "The Modern World of Witchcraft: Part One of Two " by Craig S. Hawkins (viewed 27 Feb. 1999)

"For various reasons, it is difficult if not impossible to assign a number to the witches in North America. 'Ballpark' estimates on the conservative side, however, would place the figure approximately between 5,000 and 10,000. More liberal estimates range between 30,000 and 50,000 for witches, and upwards of 70,000 to 80,000 for all neopagans. "

"Since it is not an organized movement, it is very difficult to determine the number of its practitioners, but it is estimated that there are between 100,000 and 600,000 in the U.S. alone. Some have termed Paganism the fastest-growing religion in the West. "

"Of the approximately 250,000 Neo-Pagans in North America, many conduct their rituals skyclad... "

Neo-Paganism

USA - bisexual

37,400

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 43.

"In 'The Pagan Census' [1995] we found that 68% of the respondents were heterosexual; 4.8% were lesbians; 4.6% gay men; 18.7% were bisexual; 4% claimed to be 'other.' " [1992 estimate cited in book, pg. 9 & pg. 132, indicate total Neo-Pagan population of U.S. at 200,000.]

Neo-Paganism

USA - children

82,600

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 83, 133.

"As the religion and its participants age, more and more children are being born to Neo-Pagan parents. In 'The Pagan Census " 41.3% of our respondents stated that they have children, and only .02% did not answer this question (H. Berger et al. n.d.). I would estimate conservatively that more than 82,600 children are being raised in Neo-Pagan families throughout the U.S. "; Pg. 133: "This figure is based on the chapter 1 estimate of 200,000 Neo-Pagans living in the U.S. [1992]. The estimate of the number of children is probably low because some Neo-Pagans have more than one child. However, since mothers and fathers may each have completed a survey, both claiming the same children, I have for the purpose of this estimate assumed each of the respondents had only one child. "

Neo-Paganism

USA - children

-

-

-

-

1994

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 85.

"Another parent, Jaq Hawkins, also wants his children to freely choose their own spiritual path, yet he modifies that wish by asserting, 'I've asked myself what I would do if my child fell in with the 'wrong' crowd at the delecate age of 15 and joined a cult of Jesus freaks. It's a frightening thought, and one I have no answer for as yet (1994:2). Although parents may hope that their path is followed by their children, most Neo-Pagan parents are willing, at least in principle, to accept that their children will grow to adulthood and choose either another religion or secularism. O'Gaea, author of The Family Wicca Book, (1993) discloses, 'I fantasize that Explorer [her son] will marry a nice Wiccan girl and raise bouncing Wiccan babies--but he might not.' "

Neo-Paganism

USA - gay men

9,200

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 43.

"In 'The Pagan Census' [1995] we found that 68% of the respondents were heterosexual; 4.8% were lesbians; 4.6% gay men; 18.7% were bisexual; 4% claimed to be 'other.' " [1992 estimate cited in book, pg. 9 & pg. 132, indicate total Neo-Pagan population of U.S. at 200,000.]

Neo-Paganism

USA - heterosexual

136,000

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 43.

"In 'The Pagan Census' [1995] we found that 68% of the respondents were heterosexual; 4.8% were lesbians; 4.6% gay men; 18.7% were bisexual; 4% claimed to be 'other.' " [1992 estimate cited in book, pg. 9 & pg. 132, indicate total Neo-Pagan population of U.S. at 200,000.]

Neo-Paganism

USA - lesbian

9,600

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 43.

"In 'The Pagan Census' [1995] we found that 68% of the respondents were heterosexual; 4.8% were lesbians; 4.6% gay men; 18.7% were bisexual; 4% claimed to be 'other.' " [1992 estimate cited in book, pg. 9 & pg. 132, indicate total Neo-Pagan population of U.S. at 200,000.]

Neo-Paganism

USA - men

76,000

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 40, 132.

"Although men are a minority within the Witchcraft movement, there are an estimated 52,800 to 76,000 male Witches. "; Pg. 132: "This number is based on my reassessment of Kelly's approximation (1992) of 300,000 Neo-Pagans in America to 200,000 and on the percentage of men as determined by 'The Pagan Census' and Orion's survey (1995). "

"A group calling itself the Military Pagan Network Inc. recently held what it described as a 'full moon prayer service' near the Jefferson Memorial in support of what it called continued religious freedom in the military. John Machete of Ellicott City, Md., the network's coordinator and a former airman, said that 'if people came out and saw pagan services, they would see how innocent it is.' He said there are 10,000 followers in the military. "

Neo-Paganism

Utah

9,200

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Utah %: 4.6

Neo-Paganism

Vermont

2,000

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Vermont %: 1

Neo-Paganism

Virginia

1,000

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Virginia %: 0.5

Neo-Paganism

Washington

5,400

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Washington %: 2.7

Neo-Paganism

Washington, D.C.

200

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Washington, D.C. %: 0.1

Neo-Paganism

West Virginia

7,400

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; West Virginia %: 3.7

"So in 1982 I moved to Madison, Wisconsin, which has large women's and Pagan communities. "

Neo-Paganism

Wisconsin

600

-

-

-

1992

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 9.

Table: "Distribution of Neo-Pagans Participating in Neo-Pagan Census in U.S. "; Cols: State; Number [of Census participants]; % [of particpants]; Pg. xvi: "[Received] more than 2,000 responses... survey was distributed through Wiccan & Neo-Pagan organizations..., published in journals,.. Internet [&] at festivals. [unable] to guarantee that the survey was randomly distributed. "; Pg. 10: "...actual % by state are at best an approximation. "; Raw number presented here based on state % from this table, as a portion of estimated 200,000 [1992] U.S. total (pg. 9).; Wisconsin %: 0.3

Neo-Paganism

world

-

-

-

-

1930

Berger, Helen A. A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press (1999); pg. 12.

"Most scholars (Neitz 1991; Kelly 1992) and many Neo-Pagans (Adler 1979, 1986; Bonewits 1989) discount Gardner's claims of having been initiated into a religion that had existed for several thousand years. Hs does not minimize his role in creating a coherent religious practice based in part on several different sources and his own inspiration. Regardless of their beliefs concerning the authenticity of Gardner's conversion, or the existence of covens that remained intact since the Middle Ages, adherents characterize their religion as a return to or restoration of the 'old' pre-Christian pan-European faith, in which the earth is revered and the world is viewed as enchanged. "

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