Related Information

Visceral larva migrans

Definition

Visceral larva migrans is a human infection with certain parasites found in the intestines of dogs and cats.

Alternative Names

Toxocariasis; Ocular larva migrans; Larva migrans visceralis

Causes

Visceral larva migrans (VLM) is caused by roundworms (parasites) that are found in the intestines of dogs and cats.

Eggs produced by these worms are in the feces of the infected animals. The feces mix with soil. Humans can get sick if they accidentally eat soil that has the eggs in it. This can happen by eating fruit or vegetables that were in contact with infected soil and were not washed thoroughly before eating. People can also become infected by eating raw liver from a chicken, lamb, or cow.

Young children with pica are at high risk of getting VLM. Pica is a disorder involving eating inedible things such as dirt and paint. Most infections in the United States occur in children who play in areas, such as sandboxes, which contain soil contaminated by dog or cat feces.

After the worm eggs are swallowed, they break open in the intestine. The worms travel throughout the body to various organs, such as the lungs, liver, and eyes. They may also travel to the brain and heart.

Possible Complications

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Contact your health care provider if you develop any of these symptoms:

Cough

Difficulty breathing

Eye problems

Fever

Rash

A full medical exam is needed to rule out visceral larva migrans. Many conditions cause similar symptoms.

Prevention

Prevention includes deworming dogs and cats and preventing them from defecating in public areas. Children should be kept away from areas where dogs and cats may defecate.

It is very important to wash your hands thoroughly after touching soil or after touching cats or dogs. Teach your children to wash their hands thoroughly after being outdoors or after touching cats or dogs.