A secondary air injection system was offered as an emissions control device in later
revisions of cars with the MMS411A ECU (starting in late 1997).

General theory

The engine requires a relatively rich mixture for smooth operation on cold start. For this
reason, the ECU operates in open loop mode with a fixed fuel map for the first 20 to 120
seconds of engine operation until the oxygen sensors have heated to operating temperature.
Because of this, exhaust gases contain high levels of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons after
cold starts. The unburned hydrocarbons could be further oxidized, except there is no oxygen
left after combustion. By feeding air into the exhaust manifold (secondary air), CO and HC are
oxidized through afterburning at temperatures over 600°C to form water and carbon dioxide.
The exothermal reaction also increases the exhaust gas temperature, which warms the catalyist
more quickly.

To achieve efficient warmup operation, a high secondary air flow rate must be achieved within
the first few seconds of engine startup, and the air flow rate must be maintained until
oxygen sensor control is in operation. Air flow is maintained by an electric air pump (6).
Once the oxygen sensors and catalytic converters have
reached their operating temperatures, valves (4, 7) cut off the secondary air flow.

What the ECU monitors

An activated secondary air injection system leads to an increase in oxygen content in the
exhaust (air flow from the secondary air pump). This increase is noted by the ECU by reduced
pre-cat oxygen sensor voltage. If the engine management system gives the opening signal to the
secondary air injection vaolve and switches on the pump, an extremely lean mixture should be
found at the pre-cat sensors if the secondary air system is operating correctly.

Secondary air injection valve control

The multi valves are controlled via a vacuum line and activated directly via the ECU. If
the unit fails to receive the timing signal from the ECU, it can no longer provide accurate
control of the secondary air injection process, so the system is disabled and a Diagnostic
Trouble Code is stored.

Secondary air injection pump

Operation of the secondary air injection pump is controlled by the ECU via relay J299.
The pump furnishes the mass air flow for the secondary air injection system.

Secondary air injection system diagnosis consists of a flow test and a leak test. For the
leak test, the secondary air injection pump is switched on with the engine warm and idling,
but the multi valves left closed. If the system has no leaks, then oxygen sensor control
will not register any enrichment.