At-risk Youth: A Comprehensive Response for Counselors, Teachers, Psychologists and Human Services Professionals
by J. Jeffries McWhirter, Benedict T. McWhirter, Ellen Hawley McWhirter and Robert J. McWhirter.
Youth who are at risk is a major concern within society.To help prepare students this book provides conceptual and practical informationon on key issues and problems. Prevention and intervention techniques are described in the book to help students and professionals perform their jobs successsfully and to improve the lives of those youth at risk.
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Adolescents With Chronic Insomnia

July 2008 - Recent research from The University of Texas Health Science Center published in
the Journal of Adolescent Health found two to five times more personal problems among adolescents with
chronic insomnia.

Interviews with 3134 young people aged 11 to 17 years in Houston revealed that more than 25 per cent
had one or more symptoms of insomnia and almost half suffered from long-term difficulties.

"Insomnia is both common and chronic among adolescents. The data indicate that the burden of
insomnia is comparable to that of other psychiatric disorders such as mood, anxiety, disruptive and substance
abuse disorders. Chronic insomnia severely impacts future health and functioning of youths."

Researchers studied participants in Teen Health 2000, a community-based, prospective epidemiological
study of adolescent psychiatric disorders to identify sleep problems and issues affecting physical health,
psychological health and interpersonal relationships. Measuring 14 aspects of personal wellbeing at the beginning
and end of a 12-month-period, they found that participants with chronic insomnia were much more likely to have
problems with drug use, depression, education, employment and perceived health.

Robert E. Roberts said:

"Almost half of the adolescents who reported one or more symptoms of insomnia during the initial
screening had similar issues a year later. Twenty-four per cent met the symptom criteria for chronic insomnia as
defined by the American Psychiatric Association (APA)."

Researchers explain that the APA's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) IV
designates insomnia as a psychiatric disorder with diagnostic criteria including "difficulty initiating sleep,
difficulty maintaining sleep, early morning awakening and non-restorative sleep over the past four weeks". It seeks
to exclude other psychiatric disorders and the effects of substance use or medication.

The study found that at initial screening, 27 per cent of participants had one of more symptoms of
insomnia, 7 per cent also reported daytime fatigue and/or sleepiness, and 5 per cent met the DSM clinical
diagnostic criteria. Researchers drew attention to other studies indicating the association between adolescent
chronic insomnia and behavioral or emotional problems and evidence that those with the condition are more likely
to seek medical help.

Robert E. Roberts concluded:

"These data suggest that primary care settings might provide a venue for screening and early intervention of adolescent insomnia."

Lack Of Sleep Affects School ResultsInsufficient sleep can have an adverse effect the next day not only on an adult's work performance but also on how well students perform at
school.

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