It is known that humans, plants and animals are colonized by a high diversity of microorganisms and that these eukaryotic organisms depend on these microorganisms to maintain their development. Using two microorganism-host association models, we hypothesized that hosts belonging to distinct domains of life, despite their structural, genotypic, phylogenetic and physiological particularities, share similarities in the modes of association with the bacterial community. Thus, the objective of this work was to map the bacterial community associated with plants of the genus Anthurium endemic and / or not. In parallel, map the bacterial community associated with distinct genera of cyanobacteria, along the growth curve of and when it is submitted to different culture conditions. In this context, we observed that Anthurium alcatrazense plants endemic to the Island, present less richness and diversity than the plants of the species Anthurium loefgrenii collected in the island of Alcatrazes and smaller than the plants Anthurium intermedium and Anthurium penthaphyllum collected in the continent. We found that the structure of the bacterial community associated with the plants of A. alcatrazense is distinct when compared to the plants collected in the continent and island of Alcatrazes itself. This dissimilarity was mainly represented by OTUs affiliated with Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. These results suggest microorganism-host specificity. Considering the association cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria, the results demonstrated that the associated bacterial community is specific according to the genus of cyanobacteria, composed mainly by abundance distinct from those of classes, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria and Cytophagia. On the other hand, it was possible to observe that during the multiplication stages of the Microcystis aeruginosa strain, a succession of bacterial groups occurs, mainly represented by the variation of the abundance of Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Flavobacteria relative to the stationary phase of multiplication. When submitted under different culture conditions, it was possible to observe that variations in cyanobacteria multiplication rates influenced a modulation of the associated bacterial community structure, thus suggesting that rapid changes in the bacterial community structure associated with M. aeruginosa is a result of processes of self-regulation between cyanobacteria and associated heterotrophic bacteria. In general, distinct hosts show patterns of associations with similar bacteria, and these similarities may suggest strategies for a better understanding and management of ecosystems.

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