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All mitochondrial aminoacyl tRNA synthetases and many tRNAs are imported from cytosol into the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. During evolution all AARS genes of the ancestral mitochondrial genome were lost or transferred into the nucleus. In present day mitochondria, all AARSs are nucleus-encoded and post-translationaly imported into mitochondria. The canonical pattern is that two sets of AARSs coexist in the cell, one set correspounding to cytosolic AARSs, the other one to mitochondrial AARSs.

We have developed a prediction method MARSpred for discrimination between Mitochondrial-AARSs and Cytosolic-AARSs. We have used mitochondrial and cytosolic-AARSs as positive and negative datasets respectively. We have achieved 98.33% sensitivity, 92.50% specificity, 96.00% accuracy with 0.92 MCC by using SA-SAAC appraoch.