6 S’s or Causes of the Civil War

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Presentation on theme: "6 S’s or Causes of the Civil War"— Presentation transcript:

2 SLAVERYSThe South’s economy was based on agricultural; therefore, there was a high demand/need for slaves.NThe North was highly industrial and had an enormous immigrant population to work in its factories.

3 SLAVERYSThe South was TERRIFIED that government leaders in the North would try to abolish slavery and therefore change their very way of life.NHowever, Northern government officials at the time were not interested in ending slavery in the slave states, but instead in keeping newly admitted states from becoming slave states.

9 SLAVERY THE MISSOURI COMPROMISETURN TO PG. 366 in yourtextbook .- We will be reading about an event in US History known as The Missouri Compromise

10 SLAVERY THE MISSOURI COMPROMISEThe first official disagreement over new territories being free or slave came in 1820.By the end of 1819, there were 11 free states and 11 slave states.In 1820, two new states, Maine and Missouri, wanted to enter the Union.

11 SLAVERY THE MISSOURI COMPROMISECongress had to decide whether to admit them in as free states or slave states.An amendment was introduced in the House by James Tallmadge, a New York Representative, to ban slavery in Missouri.At the time, Missouri had about 2,000 slaves.

12 SLAVERY THE MISSOURI COMPROMISEWhen the amendment was voted on, it passed in the House.In the Senate, where the amount of slave state representatives was equal to the amount of free states representatives, there was a tie.A heated battle started between the representatives from the Northern and Southern states.

13 SLAVERY THE MISSOURI COMPROMISECLICK LINK ABOVE FOR INTERACTIVE FLASH MAPA compromise was reached:Missouri Compromise –Maine would enter the Union as a free state and Missouri would enter as a slave state.It stated that there would be no slavery north of the 36’30’ degree latitude line. This included any lands west of the southern boundary of Missouri.COPY ONTO COMPROMISE ORGANIZER!

14 SLAVERY THE COMPROMISE OF 1850In 1850, the issue of slavery came up again.There were 15 slave states and 15 free states.California had been settled heavily from the Gold Rush and wanted to be admitted to the Union as a free state.This would throw off the balance between slave and free states.This debate became known as “The Great Debate,” and Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky proposed a compromise.

15 SLAVERY THE COMPROMISE OF 1850CLICK LINK ABOVE FOR INTERACTIVE FLASH MAPThe Compromise of 1850 –1.) California would enter as a free state2.) Slave trading was ended in Washington, D.C.3.) Organized the Utah and New Mexico territories and would allow them to determine whether or not to become slave or free states4.) Strengthened the 1793 Fugitive Slave Act

16 SLAVERY THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACTThe issue of slavery came up again in 1854.More lands were being settled west of Missouri and those areas wanted to be admitted to the Union.

17 SLAVERY THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACTCLICK LINK ABOVE FOR INTERACTIVE FLASH MAPStephen Douglas of Illinois brought about passage of the…Kansas-Nebraska Act -This stated that any territory wantingadmittance to the Union would beable to decide whether to enter as afree of slave state.COPY ONTO COMPROMISE ORGANIZER!

18 SLAVERY THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACTThis angered many northerners because this changed the decision of the Missouri Compromise.The battle became very heated as abolitionist promised to send freesoilers, or people against slavery, into Kansas and Nebraska with guns to oppose slavery, while proslavery people promised to send men to fight for slavery.This resulted in so much bloodshed in Kansas, that it became known as “Bleeding Kansas”

19 SLAVERY THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACTCongress rejected Kansas’s bid for admittance as a slave state.This made the southern states realize that northern votes could keep slave states from entering the Union.

20 Missouri Compromise of 1820 Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska ActMaine admitted as free state and Missouri admitted as a slave stateThe measure of prohibited slavery north or 36’20’ latitudeAdmitted California as a free state,Organized the Utah and New Mexico territories,3. Abolished the slave trade, in Washington, D.C.4. Strengthened the 1793 Fugitive Slave Act (e.g., alleged fugitive slaves were not permitted to testify in their own defense and the trial commissioner was paid $10 for a conviction, only $5 for an acquittal).Created territories of Nebraska and Missouri under clause of popular sovereignty

22 SLAVERY DRED SCOTTIn 1834, Dred Scott was taken by his owner from a slave state of Missouri to a free state of Illinois, and later to Wisconsin, another free state.When returning to Missouri, Scott filed a lawsuit claiming his freedom.

23 SLAVERY DRED SCOTTHe said that he should be free since he had lived in a free state.Abolitionist raised enough money to take the case to the U.S. Supreme Court.The court said that he could not sue because he was a slave (nothing more than personal property) and not a US citizen.The court also stated that Congress had no right to stop slavery in western territories -- like they had done with Kansas.

25 SLAVERY JOHN BROWN’S RAIDJohn was an abolitionist that hated slavery.He wanted to help the slaves to freedom, so he planned a raid.He needed lots of guns and ammunition, so he and his followers raided a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia.

27 SLAVERY JOHN BROWN’S RAIDThey killed the mayor and made prisoners of forty citizens in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia. They then took over a building at a railroad station.Within 24 hours, troops led by Colonel Robert E. Lee captured Brown.

28 SLAVERY JOHN BROWN’S RAIDHe was taken to court and charged with treason and was sentenced to be hanged.He said that he was happy to die for God’s eternal truth.Southerners saw him as a murderer and were afraid that others would follow his example.Northerners didn’t like the killings but thought he was a hero.

29 “I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood. I had, as I now think vainly, flattered myself that, without very much bloodshed, it might be done.” - last words in a letter to a jailor

30 2nd S of the Civil War: SECTIONALISMThe belief that one’s own section or region’s interests or values are more important than another region’s interests.

31 2nd S of the Civil War: SECTIONALISMThe North believed that, in order for the US to function as one nation, the laws created by federal government should be followed by all states and that only the Supreme Court could overturn (change or do away with) federally-created laws.

32 2nd S of the Civil War: SECTIONALISMThe South believed in state’s rights. They believed that states had the right to govern themselves and to decide what would be best for their own needs and situation.A politician from Maine or New York couldn’t possible understand or care about GA.The South also believed in nullification.This means that if a state finds a federallaw unfair or unconstitutional they can declare itinvalid and not obey it.

33 3rd S of the Civil War: STYLEStyle: Short for lifestyle. The lifestylesof the north was very different from the south.

34 3rd S of the Civil War: STYLE N Had several large cities with museums, operas, lectures and theater. People might spend afternoons at large dinner parties or dances. S There were few large cities (Charleston, Richmond, Savannah, and Augusta). People had little time for parties or dances. Most free time was spent at religious revivals, quilting bees, or hunting.

35 4th S of the Civil War: STRUCTUREStructure: Short for class structure. The position one group has in relation to others.

36 4th S of the Civil War: STRUCTURESocial structure was very important. It was based on land and slaves. It was almost impossible to move from one group to another.A small group (5%) of wealthy planters was at the top.Next was the middle class of yeoman farmers (75%)

37 4th S of the Civil War: STRUCTURENext came the poor whites who either owned very small farms, worked at low paying jobs, or lived off of others as squatters.Free blacks were on the bottom but seen as being above the slaves.

38 4th S of the Civil War: STRUCTURENIn the north, social structure was tied to wealth. It was easier for people to move up on the ladder.Many people worked in industry and had an opportunity to go to school, travel ,and take part in cultural activities.The north did not agree with the south’s social structure and considered it cruel, but the south was not ready to change.

39 5th S of the Civil War: SolvencyThe ability to pay debtsHas to do primarily with tariffs (taxes placed on imported goods)

40 5th S of the Civil War: SolvencyCongress passed laws instituting tariffs on all imported goods from Great Britain.This was done to force the south to buy from the northern factories.

41 5th S of the Civil War: SolvencyThe south bought many goods from Great Britain, so this hurt them by making them have to pay more for their goods.In 1832, South Carolina threatened tosecede because the tariff was too high.So, Congress created a compromise, written by Henry Clay, that reduced the tariff over a ten year period to help the south out.

42 5th S of the Civil War: SolvencyIn the Panic of 1857, (a depression), many northern factories went bankrupt. Most of these factories were built with borrowed money, so when they went bankrupt, they could not repay the debt.

43 5th S of the Civil War: SolvencyNorthern representatives asked Congress to raise the tariff on all imported goods.The south refused to support the tariffs to help the northern factories.This caused many debates and hurt feelings between the two sides.

44 6th S of the Civil War: SECESSIONThe formal act of withdrawing from the Union.By 1861, many southerners felt that the only option was to secede from the union.

45 6th S of the Civil War: SECESSIONMany new political parties were created or dismantled during this time.Democrat: were for state’s rights and took a strong stand on slavery.Whigs: mostly members of the upper class. They favored more help from the federal government, with some favoring slavery.By 1854, a third party was created called the “Know-Nothing Party”. This party took the stand of opposing the new immigrants coming into the country.

46 6th S of the Civil War: SECESSIONAlso, in 1854, the Republican Party was formed from anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats.This party took the stand of opposing the spread of slavery.The Whig party was dissolved with the creation of the Republican party.The South quickly became seen as majority Democrat and the North being Republican.

47 6th S of the Civil War: SECESSIONIn 1858, Democrat Stephen Douglas and newcomer Abraham Lincoln were both in the running for the Senate. Stephen Douglas was seen as a likely candidate for President in the 1860 election.Douglas disliked slavery, but thought that the controversy interfered with the nation. He believed that popular sovereignty would solve the matter.

49 6th S of the Civil War: SECESSIONLincoln was a lawyer from Illinois that was unknown.He saw slavery as morally wrong, but thought that ending it where it already existed was almost impossible. He did want to stop the spread of it to other areas.Lincoln challenged Douglas to seven different debates where the main topic was slavery.

50 6th S of the Civil War: SECESSIONLincoln warned the nation that the issue of slavery would inevitably bring the dissolution of the union.Douglas accused Lincoln of contributing to the breakup of the union.

51 6th S of the Civil War: SECESSIONThe election of 1860 became a very hot topic across the nation.The Democrats met to choose the presidential candidateNorthern Democrats pick Stephen DouglasSouthern Democrats wanted someone to protect slavery in the territories, so they walked out on the convention.Southern Democrats met in Richmond, VA and chose John Breckinridge, the current Vice President, as their choice. They took the position that no one could stop citizens from taking slaves into any western territory.

52 6th S of the Civil War: SECESSIONIn the end, the Republican Party chose Abraham Lincoln as their candidate.A fourth party was formed called the Constitutional Union Party. They nominated John Bell. They took no official position on slavery.

53 6th S of the Civil War: SECESSIONSoutherners feared that a Republican victory would encourage radicals like John Brown to try and free slaves.With the Democrats divided, Lincoln won the election easily.Even though Lincoln and the Republican party promised to leave slavery alone in the areas that it existed, southerners did not trust them.

54 6th S of the Civil War: SECESSIONOn Dec. 20, 1860, South Carolina held a special convention and voted to secede (or withdraw) from the union.Leaders in Washington D.C. worked to try and create a compromise.Senator John Crittenden proposed a series of amendments to the Constitution. The main point said that slavery would be protected below the 36 degree lat. line.

55 6th S of the Civil War: SECESSIONLincoln and Republicans would not accept this. They stated that they won the election based on the fact that no more territories would enter as slave states, so they would not give in now.Southern leaders felt doomed and stated “We split on every plan to compromise,” “No human power can save the Union.”

57 6th S of the Civil War: SECESSIONBy February 1861, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas had voted to secede.On February 4, 1861, delegates from each of these states met and formed a new nation called the Confederate States of America.Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was elected President, and Robert Toombs of Ga. The secretary of State. Alexander Stephens of GA was named Vice President.

59 6th S of the Civil War: SECESSIONThis region, with its large number of electoral votes, caused Abraham Lincoln to be elected president.Lincoln stood for ideas that Northerners liked: free land out west, higher tariffs to protect American jobs, no slavery in western territories, and an increase in industry and railroadsSaw secession of southern states as unnecessary and against the law.Goal was to “preserve the Union” at whatever cost

60 6th S of the Civil War: SECESSIONCast only 16,000 votes for Abe Lincoln. Won without 1 single electoral vote from a southern state. Not even one vote was cast for Lincoln in GA!Lincoln stood for ideas that Southerners were afraid of, and they saw his election as a sign that their section’s rights would be ignored.Southerners, including GA, were mostly for the Union, but they were even more for states’ rights.

61 6th S of the Civil War: SECESSIONS – Continued –Southern states saw secession as their legal right. Wanted to quietly secede without conflict.S.C. was first to secede. GA was torn over decision and Alexander Stephens warned against secession, but GA secedes in Nov. 1860Stephens goes on to become the Confederacy’s vice president