留学生作业代写：The drug problem in the United States

2017-06-13 来源: 51due教员组 类别: Paper范文

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文-The drug problem in the United States，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的毒品问题。人们普遍认为，毒品与犯罪行为之间存在着明显的因果关系。相比于监禁，采取治疗无疑是一个更可行的方法，以解决当前犯罪问题所引起的毒瘾。与那些典型的大学毒贩相比，街头毒贩有更高的倾向和动机参与贩毒活动，这也意味着街头毒品交易应得到更密切的监督甚至惩罚。

With
more and more serious drug addiction in the United States, a number of methods
have been tried to deal with the War on Drugs, including prohibition, harm
reduction, medicalization legalization and regulation as well as
decriminalization. When it comes to the state implementation of a harm
reduction approach, the prevention and the treatment instead of incarceration
are the two major options.

It
has been widely accepted that there is an obvious causal relationship between
the drug use and the criminal behavior. By taking the approach of treatment, it
can be a more viable solution to resolving the current criminal problems caused
by drug addiction and this can be supported by a series of examples. In the
first place, many states have been playing an active role in implementing the
treatment option as a kind of drug policy in the last a few years, supporting
the treatment to those criminals rather than incarceration(McBride, D. C.,
Terry-McElrath, Henrick Harwood, James. A. Inciardi, &Leukefeld, Carl. 79).
The Nixon administration can be taken as the leader which adopts this policy at
the federal level, with the spreading to a state level then. In addition, the
treatment measure is in accordance with the liberal assertions. The United
States has been known to be a liberal country entitle the citizens with much
freedom and many choices. The incarceration of the criminals related to drug
use is obvious against the liberty and freedoms of citizens, while the
treatment can be an optional choice to better deal with this social problem.
Based on the research results of McBride and his colleges (80), the
cost-effective property of treatment also accounts for its appealing advantage
when compared to incarceration. Finally, there should be some clarifications
and diversion when dealing with the juveniles for marijuana possession
(McBride, D. C., Terry-McElrath, Henrick Harwood, James. A. Inciardi,
&Leukefeld, Carl. 80).

The
purposes and conditions of juvenile substance offenders should be distinguished
from those social offenders which can be seriously and negatively influential
to the whole society. In this way, the flexibility of treatment can be
beneficial to the juveniles in their future lives. While the incarceration may
result in some negative consequences for the consideration of their further
development. The increasing number of local public health agencies have already
been involved in providing treatment services for those drug addicts (McBride,
D. C., Terry-McElrath, Henrick Harwood, James. A. Inciardi, &Leukefeld,
Carl. 80). As the overwhelming advantages of the treatment have been widely
accepted by a number of people when compared to incarceration, it should be
aware that the quality of treatment needs to be improved in order to ensure its
effectiveness.

According
to the beliefs of the criminal justice system, it is believed that those street
dealers have a higher tendency and motivations to be involved in the drug
dealing activities when compared to those typical college drug dealers, which
means street drug deals should be given more close supervision or even
penalties. The commonly accepted belief is that people who are non-mobile,
outspoken, undiplomatic tough kids from a poor family background are likely
become drug dealers easily. However, there are five examples to indicated the
motivations of the college drug dealers opposing to the criminal justice. The
first one is that many aim to underwrite the costs of personal drug use.
According to A.Rafik Mohamed & Erik Fritsvold(114), many college students
sell drugs to their fellow students to cover their personal drug use costs. A
case of Raoul D. also proves that selling drug can help him to afford personal
cost on drugs. Being unaware of further purposes, many college students have
become drug dealers, against the impression of criminal justice on motivation
of dealing drugs. The second one leads to their willingness to underwrite other
incidental and entertainment expenses (A.Rafik Mohamed & Erik Fritsvold
115). From the conversation with Ashcan, the particular motivation to deal
drugs can be seen. She deals drugs as a supplementing approach to increase her
legitimate income. The income is needed for social activities-related costs in
college life. Thirdly, there are also some college students who deal drugs for
capital accumulation (A.Rafik Mohamed & Erik Fritsvold 116). Some college
students may find dealing drugs profitable, thus they begin to change their
original purposes on covering personal costs only. According to a utilitarian-
based market analysis, Aschan believes that he can deal drugs to make money
easily and quickly. Seeing the profitable market in colleges, he can even
expand his drug dealing business and make more profits as soon as possible.
Moreover, more students take dealing drugs as an opportunity to practice their
business skills in preparation for their employment after graduation. In this
sense, it can be seen that this is apparently different from what has been
permanently believed by the criminal justice. Then, the fourth example leads to
the ego gratification and the pursuit of status for an increasing number of
college students. As A.Rafik Mohamed and Erik Fritsvold indicate (118), more
college dealers focus on self-expository including ego gratification,
popularity, sense of self-importance and old fashioned greed. Instead of coming
from poor family backgrounds, they deal drugs not for personal costs but for
building a status in college. Finally, running counter to both material or
non-material factors to dealing drugs which are supported by criminal justice,
some college students deal drugs only to take risks, sneak trills and become a
gangsta(A.Rafik Mohamed and Erik Fritsvold indicate119). This is the motivation
for a number of rich white college drug dealers. Lacoste is an example who deal
drugs aiming to achieve this purpose by challenging the formal positions of
authority. Even being caught by the university, he boosts that he will be
protected from negative sanctions by the social status of his parents, in
accordance with the major motivations for rich white college drug dealers.