Hours. Book of Hours SpanishCommencan las Horas de nuestra se&#150;ora sancta maria segu la o(r)de de romana. - [Spain: c. 1525-1550]. Thick 8vo, 160 x 118 mm, 157 vellum leaves (of 168?), bound in 8s, written in Latin in black ink in a single fine black letter Gothic Rotunda hand with rubrics in red in Spanish, fine 5-line opening illuminated initial in gold on a blue background, hundreds of initials in red, blue, and green in the text some two-line and most one-line. Imperfect as noted below. Original or very early calf over wooden boards, covers with a simple gilt double fillet rectangle enclosing two gilt fleurons, gilt fleurons at corners of rectangles on both covers. Upper cover detached, top corner of f.1 neatly cut away (20 x 30 mm). Old bookplate of Charles Walker Andrews with motto Òcum grano salisÓ. A lovely remnant of what must have been a fine Book of Hours, with the (presumably) nine miniatures removed and lacking the remaining text after leaf 157. Christopher de Hamel noted of this book: ÒThe miniatures must have been wonderful if the script was as good as this, and maybe we can eventually match up this mutilated corpus with a series of detached pictures somewhere. Spanish manuscript Books of Hours are not especially common, maybe because the Spanish often acquired more fashionable Flemish copies from the Spanish Netherlands instead: in fact, PRINTED ones may actually be more common, and this might be copied from a printed text.Ó In our experience also, Spanish books of hours of this period are quite uncommon in any condition; SMU recently notes in an exhibition catalogue ÒThe popularity of Books of Hours in Latin encouraged translations into vernacular languages throughout Europe. In Spain, however, the ecclesiastical authorities were especially conservative, and the Index of Prohibited Books published at Valladolid in 1559 specifically banned Books of Hours in Spanish. As a result, only foreign printers could make such editions available and these could only be used outside of Spain. By decree of the Council of Trent (1545Ð1563), Spanish translations of Books of Hours fell out of use, and most have been lost or destroyed.Ó Although this was written of printed Spanish Hours, it would seem to apply equally to manuscripts of the same period. We could find almost no records of 16th-century Spanish Hours. Provenance: Charles Walker Andrews with his bookplate and note: ÒBot. at Madrid Feby 25 1920.Ó and held by the family ever since. Andrews once had a very fine library which resurfaced with family members in Berkeley in the 1970s at which time we bought a few manuscripts and incunables. Now more books have emerged, sadly mostly the worse for neglect, including this one. Andrews was an early Grolier Club member, from 1902 to 1938 (with two leaves of absence). [Attributes: Hard Cover]

Cochlaeus, Joannes, editor]Canones Apostolorum. Veterum Conciliorum Constitutiones. Decreta Pontificum Antiquiora. De Primatu Romanæ Ecclesiaæ. Ex tribus uetustiss. exemplaribus transcripta omnia Moguntiæ [Mainz]: in aedibus Ioan. Schoeffer, 1525 - A rare and beautiful printing by the son of the celebrated Peter Schoeffer of Mainz. Johann Schoeffer (c. 1468-1531) continued and expanded his father's business, and his extensive list includes works by Erasmus and other humanists, as well as liturgical works and editiones principes of Latin classics (it was in the preface to his edition of Livy of 1523 that Schoeffer attributed the invention of printing to Gutenburg in Mainz in 1450). The present work is of the utmost importance in the history of Canon Law, being the first printing of the famous collection of Dionysus Exiguus, the 6th-century monk whose translations into Latin of the ancient canons of the Church down to the Council of Carthage (419) , along with his his compilation of Papal Decrees (known together as the "Collectio Dionysiana") marked the beginnings of Canon Law (SCHOEFFER, JOANNES) First edition of the Apostolic Canons. Folio. [*]4[**]6, A-I4, K-M6, N-O8, P-Z6, Aa-Ee4, Ff6,Gg8. 172 leaves. Roman type, with several fine woodcut initial capitals. Remnants of early binding (defective) with endpapers only remaining, employing contemporary hand-colored printed leaves (from Mainz?), as well as contemporary manuscripts. Sewing loosening, with several gatherings sprung. Some minor scattered worming in margins, dampstaining to last 11 leaves. Owners' inscriptions on title. In half morocco slipcase and chemise. Adams C-542 ("The collection of Dionysius Exiguus"); RLIN (finds 4 copies); OCLC 3336327 (9 locations) [Attributes: First Edition]

LYNDWOOD, William. John ACTON (or AYTON). Edited by Josse Badius.:PROVINCIALE SEU CONSTITUTIONES ANGLIE. Bound with CONSTITUTIONES LEGITIME SEU LEGATINE REGIONIS ANGLICANE. London, printed in Antwerp by Christopher Endoviensis (van Ruremond) for Francis Brickman, 1525; & Paris, Wolfgang Hopyl and Hans de Coblenz, 1504.2 separate works bound in 1 volume. No. 1: PROVINCIALE SEU CONSTITUTIONES ANGLIE Cum summariis atque iustis annotationibus, politissimis caracteribus, summaque accuratione rursum revise atque impresse. 1525, Latin text, 4to in eights, approximately 275 x 195 mm, 10¾ x 7¾ inches, engraved pictorial title page printed red and black, pages printed red and black in two sizes of black letter and in double column, the text in the centre surrounded by commentary, a few decorated initials, 1 full page illustration on recto first leaf of Tabula A2, showing a coat of arms, a rose and crown, and St George and the Dragon, leaves: cclv (i.e. cclvi), (28) - indexes, text numbered on rectos only, some misnumbering but collated and guaranteed complete, collation: A - X8, AA - HH8, II6, KK8, LL10; A - C8, D4, register restarts for the Tabula, bound in full old panelled calf, heavily decorated in blind to covers, raised bands and gilt lettered leather label to spine. Spine worn with slight chipping to head and tail, hinges cracked on most of their length but holding firmly, upper corners slightly worn, title is lettered faintly on the fore - edges, title page slightly dusty, 2 large chips to 1 fore - edge margin, 1 just affecting a 1 word sidenote, 3 small old paper repairs to 1 fore - edge margin, small stain to 1 margin, occasional small pale damp stains to margins, leaves 224 - 233 have large pale damp stains over much of the text, but absolutely no loss of legibility, contents otherwise bright and clean, binding tight and firm. Lyndwood's Provinciale "is a collection of the most important ecclesiastical legislation enacted within the province of Canterbury between the Council of Oxford in 1222 and Chichele's archiepiscopate (reign ended 1443). The completed Provinciale was accompanied by a comprehensive subject matter index and, more importantly, by his own extensive marginal gloss. In the fashion of the European "ius commune" the gloss clarified the meaning of the constitutions, related them to the general law of the church, raised legal points of doubt and controversy, and commented upon their observance in the English spiritual courts" ODNB. The text was edited by Josse Badius and the index was compiled by him. William Lyndwood (c. 1375 - 1446) was bishop of St. David's in 1442. He finished writing his Provinciale in 1433 and it was first printed in Oxford by Thomas Rood in 1483. STC 17111; Adams, Books Printed in Europe 1501 - 1600, L2117. No. 2: CONSTITUTIONES LEGITIME SEU LEGATINE REGIONIS ANGLICANE: cum subtilissima interpretatione domini Johannis de Athon: triplicique tabella. 1504. FIRST EDITION of John Acton's commentary on canon law, Latin text, 4to in eights, title page in red and black with large illustration of St George and the Dragon, 2nd title page on a1 with illustration of trees and 2 eagles, half page illustration on a2v of king on his throne, pictorial initials, pages printed as described above, leaves: (16), cxxviii, cxxxvii - clv, numbered on rectos only, LACKING SIGNATURE r ( i.e. 8 leaves), some errors of numbering but collated and guaranteed complete apart from Sig. r, collation: A - B8, a - e8, f10, g - o8, p6, q - s8 ( - r1 - 8), t - v6 ( - v6 - a blank). There is a sprinkling of tiny wormholes throughout, worse at the beginning and the end, some affecting single letters, no tracks, all still easily legible, 1 lower margin slightly stained, contents otherwise bright and clean, small closed tear to 1 inner margin just touching text but repaired neatly with no loss, a little underlining on 3 pages, 2 lines in an early hand on final page. A good copy (lacking 8 leaves as noted) of a post incunabula printing in early binding. This is the first edition of the first major treatise on English canon law, edited by J. Chappuis, with a preface by Josse Badius. It contains the legatine constitutions of Otho and Othobono (later Pope Hadrianus V). STC 17108; Sotheby's, The Library of the Earls of Macclesfield, Part Eleven, 3859; Sweet & Maxwell, A Bibliography of English Law to 1650, Volume 1, page 129 & 133. MORE IMAGES ATTACHED TO THIS LISTING, ALL ZOOMABLE. FURTHER IMAGES ON REQUEST. POSTAGE AT COST.

WÄLDSEEMÜLLER, Martin.Ta. Here. Helve.] 1525 - Strassburg, Johannes Grüninger, 1525. Contemporary colour. Woodcut, printed area 310 x 415mm. A rare example in original colouring of the Fries reduction of Waldsemuller's map of Switzerland. On verso is a text surrounded by woodcut column decorations, with the title as above. Originally intended not for a Ptolemy edition but for a new 'Chronica mundi' being written by Wäldseemüller, his death c.1520 caused the project to be shelved, so the woodcuts were used to publish a smaller sized and so cheaper edition of the 'Geography'.

HIPPOCRATESOpera Omnia. Octoginta volumina. Translated from Greek to Latin by Marcus Fabius Calvus Rome: Franciscus Minutius Calvus. 1525.. Rome: Franciscus Minutius Calvus. 1525., 1525. FIRST EDITION. Folio, 200mm x 308mm, pp. [lxxxiiii], 733, [i]; lacking last blank, colophon supplied in facsimile. Remboitage 16th century, blind stamped pigskin over oak boards. Recent thin stamped brass clasps to style. Title page, with woodcut border, trimmed as usual at the top, but only very slightly and certainly with better results to the upper margin than most copies. Pinhole to front flyleaf. Occasional marginal ink notes and underlining in an early hand. From the John Rathbone Oliver History of Medicine Collection. An impressive copy of this great influential work. &#39;This is the first complete Latin edition of the works of the greatest of all clinical physicians&#39; (Printing and the Mind of Man). Various fragments of Hippocrates&#39; works had been published in earlier Greek and Arabic editions, but this is the first version with 80 works translated into Latin. Regarded as the first complete edition of works attributed to the Father of Medicine, it is one of the most important didactic medical books of all time. Norman [110] Heirs of Hippocrates [5] Wellcome [3177] PMM [55]

LYNDWOOD, William. John ACTON (or AYTON). Edited by Josse Badius.:PROVINCIALE SEU CONSTITUTIONES ANGLIE. Bound with CONSTITUTIONES LEGITIME SEU LEGATINE REGIONIS ANGLICANE London, printed in Antwerp by Christopher Endoviensis (van Ruremond) for Francis Brickman, 1525; & Paris, Wolfgang Hopyl and Hans de Coblenz, 1504.. 2 separate works bound in 1 volume. No. 1: PROVINCIALE SEU CONSTITUTIONES ANGLIE Cum summariis atque iustis annotationibus, politissimis caracteribus, summaque accuratione rursum revise atque impresse. 1525, Latin text, 4to in eights, approximately 275 x 195 mm, 10¾ x 7¾ inches, engraved pictorial title page printed red and black, pages printed red and black in two sizes of black letter and in double column, the text in the centre surrounded by commentary, a few decorated initials, 1 full page illustration on recto first leaf of Tabula A2, showing a coat of arms, a rose and crown, and St George and the Dragon, leaves: cclv (i.e. cclvi), (28) - indexes, text numbered on rectos only, some misnumbering but collated and guaranteed complete, collation: A-X8, AA-HH8, II6, KK8, LL10; A-C8, D4, register restarts for the Tabula, bound in full old panelled calf, heavily decorated in blind to covers, raised bands and gilt lettered leather label to spine. Spine worn with slight chipping to head and tail, hinges cracked on most of their length but holding firmly, upper corners slightly worn, title is lettered faintly on the fore-edges, title page slightly dusty, 2 large chips to 1 fore-edge margin, 1 just affecting a 1 word sidenote, 3 small old paper repairs to 1 fore-edge margin, small stain to 1 margin, occasional small pale damp stains to margins, leaves 224-233 have large pale damp stains over much of the text, but absolutely no loss of legibility, contents otherwise bright and clean, binding tight and firm. Lyndwood&#39;s Provinciale "is a collection of the most important ecclesiastical legislation enacted within the province of Canterbury between the Council of Oxford in 1222 and Chichele&#39;s archiepiscopate (reign ended 1443). The completed Provinciale was accompanied by a comprehensive subject matter index and, more importantly, by his own extensive marginal gloss. In the fashion of the European "ius commune" the gloss clarified the meaning of the constitutions, related them to the general law of the church, raised legal points of doubt and controversy, and commented upon their observance in the English spiritual courts" ODNB. The text was edited by Josse Badius and the index was compiled by him. William Lyndwood (c. 1375-1446) was bishop of St. David&#39;s in 1442. He finished writing his Provinciale in 1433 and it was first printed in Oxford by Thomas Rood in 1483. STC 17111; Adams, Books Printed in Europe 1501-1600, L2117. No. 2: CONSTITUTIONES LEGITIME SEU LEGATINE REGIONIS ANGLICANE: cum subtilissima interpretatione domini Johannis de Athon: triplicique tabella. 1504. FIRST EDITION of John Acton&#39;s commentary on canon law, Latin text, 4to in eights, title page in red and black with large illustration of St George and the Dragon, 2nd title page on a1 with illustration of trees and 2 eagles, half page illustration on a2v of king on his throne, pictorial initials, pages printed as described above, leaves: (16), cxxviii, cxxxvii-clv, numbered on rectos only, LACKING SIGNATURE r ( i.e. 8 leaves), some errors of numbering but collated and guaranteed complete apart from Sig. r, collation: A-B8, a-e8, f10, g-o8, p6, q-s8 (-r1-8), t-v6 (-v6 - a blank). There is a sprinkling of tiny wormholes throughout, worse at the beginning and the end, some affecting single letters, no tracks, all still easily legible, 1 lower margin slightly stained, contents otherwise bright and clean, small closed tear to 1 inner margin just touching text but repaired neatly with no loss, a little underlining on 3 pages, 2 lines in an early hand on final page. A good copy (lacking 8 leaves as noted) of a post incunabula printing in early binding. This is the first edition of the first major treatise on English canon law, edited by J. Chappuis, with a preface by Josse Badius. It contains the legatine constitutions of Otho and Othobono (later Pope Hadrianus V). STC 17108; Sotheby&#39;s, The Library of the Earls of Macclesfield, Part Eleven, 3859; Sweet & Maxwell, A Bibliography of English Law to 1650, Volume 1, page 129 & 133. MORE IMAGES ATTACHED TO THIS LISTING, ALL ZOOMABLE. FURTHER IMAGES ON REQUEST. POSTAGE AT COST.

GalenGaleni librorum pars prima. . . . The first 2 volumes of the Aldine Galen (5 volumes were published) Venice: Aldus, 1525. The Aldine GalenGalen (A.D. 129 / 130-199 / 200). Galeni librorum pars prima [secunda]. . . . Two volumes only (of five). 2 vols. in 1, folio. [4], 24, 180 [i.e., 181], 108; [4], 184, 106ff. Vol. I colophon leaf (p4) misbound after p1; Vol. I also lacking blank leaves F4 and &6. Venice: in aedibus Aldi, et Andreae Asulani soceri, April 1525 (colophon). 317 x 227 mm. Full morocco, antique. First three leaves of Vol. I repaired, fore-edges of some leaves a little frayed, minor staining but a very good tall copy. Signature on title of the 19th-century scholar Joseph R. Gasquet, author of "The Radical Medicine of Galen in his Time" Brit. & Foreign Med.-Chir. Rev. 11 [1867]: 472-88).Editio Princeps in Greek. Garrison-Morton 27. The first two volumes (of five) of the magnificent Aldine Galen, which, by publishing in one place all the known Greek texts of Galen, marked a new era in both medical and philological scholarship. The collection's five folio volumes, the climax of nearly 100 years of active scholarship, represent the largest single body of text issued by the Aldine press, which had by then passed into the hands of Aldus Manutius's father-in-law Andreas Asulanus, Aldus having died in 1515 before he could fulfil his long-held desire to issue a new edition of Galen. Asulanus, with the help of his sons Franciscus and Fredericus, continued Aldus's scholarly tradition, bringing out a number of Greek literary and historical editiones principes; "but whereas the family's not unlimited linguistic expertise might have sufficed to produce creditable editions of geographers and poets, it was clearly not up to the challenge the works of Galen presented. . . . To meet this challenge, the Pavian professor of medicine G. B. Opizzoni (ca. 1485-ca. 1532) was placed in charge of a large group of assistants recruited mainly from northern medical scholars then studying in Italy: John Clement (ca. 1495-1572), Edward Wotton (1492-1555), William Rose (ca. 1490-1525), and Thomas Lupset (1495-1530), all Brittani and followers of Thomas Linacre (ca. 1460-1524), and the Saxon Georg Agricola (1495-1555), of De re metallica fame." . . . The significance of the first printing of a classical author cannot be overestimated, especially a prolific one like Aristotle or Galen, whose works were not to be found in a single or even very few manuscripts, but had to be pieced together from as many manuscripts as the printer could lay his hands on. Not only did the texts of these authors go from being the private reserve of a few fortunate manuscript-owners and their friends to being available throughout the scholarly world-and that in a standard, corrected form-but their survival from the naufragium of the middle ages was once and for all assured" (Paul Potter, in Norman, 100 Books Famous in Medicine, no. 5). The Aldine Greek Galen was quickly adopted as authoritative, and was relied on heavily by subsequent translators of Galen's works. One of the rarest of Aldine publications, only two or three complete sets of this work have been sold during the past 30 years. A complete set, if it could be found, would be worth in the range of $50,000 or more. We are offering the first two volumes of this work at an affordable price; these volumes contain 37 (nearly one-quarter) of the 160 Galenic texts identified in Durling's bibliography. Among these are the Anatomici libri novem, Galen's major anatomical work; De motu muscularum, containing the first description of artificially stimulated contraction of dissected muscle tissue; works on dissection of the nerves, veins and uterus; the embryological De foetum formatione; and ten works on pharmacology and drug therapy, comprising all of Vol. II. Renouard, p. 101. Adams G-32. Ahmanson-Murphy 202-203. Stillwell III-374.

STIFEL, Michael.Die Coss Christoffs Rodolff; mit schönen Exempeln der Coss durch Michael Stifel gebessert und sehr gemehrt.Königsberg: Alexandrum Behm von Lutomysl, 1553. First edition, extremely rare. A magnificent copy, in contemporary blind stamped pigskin and heavily annotated, of the first edition Stifel's <i>Coss</i>. "This work did for Germany what Cardan's and Tartaglia's did for Italy" (Smith).<br/><br/> This is the first edition by Stifel of Rudolff's <i>Behend vnnd Hubsch Rechnung durch die kunstreichen regeln Algebre so gemeincklich die Coss genennt warden</i> (Strasbourg, 1525), the first German book on algebra, usually referred to simply as the <i>Coss</i>. Rudolff's book having become unavailable, Stifel took on the task of producing a new version, not only reproducing Rudolff's text in its entirety, but adding commentary and additions of his own, which more than doubled the length of the book (Rudolff's 208 pages grew to 494 in Stifel's edition). Stifel's work served for at least the next 150 years as the principal text from which many mathematicians learned their algebra, including Frans van Schooten (1615-1660) (DSB XII: 205) and, as late as the eighteenth century, Leonhard Euler (1707-1783); in fact, it formed the basis of Euler's own algebra textbook, <i>Vollständige anleitung zur Algebra</i> (1770) (see below). "[Stifel] was, in fact, the greatest German algebraist of the sixteenth century" (DSB XIII: 60).</br><br/> "Rudolff's importance in the history of mathematics lies in his having written the first comprehensive book on algebra in German. In this work he went far beyond his teacher Grammateus, especially concerning calculation with rational and irrational polynomials... His writings are remarkable both for the occasional appearance of decimal fractions and for improvements in symbolism... His work also gave a hint of the beginnings of exponential arithmetic and the fundamental idea of logarithms - that is, setting <i>x<sup>0</sup></i> equal to <i>1</i>... In brief, Rudolff's role in the development of mathematical studies in Germany was analogous to that of Fibonacci in Italy... The importance of the <i>Coss</i> was recognized by Gemma Frisius and Stifel, but it soon went out of print. In 1553 Stifel brought out a new edition of the <i>Coss</i> containing supplementary material" (DSB XI: 590-591). </br><br/> Michael Stifel (1487-1567) was a monk in Esslingen who, because he disagreed with the sale of indulgences, became an early follower of Luther. In 1522, to avoid persecution for his beliefs, he made his way to Wittenberg, where he lodged in Luther's home. Luther managed to find him a post as a pastor, but Stifel's cabalistic leanings soon got him into trouble, and he had to move several times before he finally received, through the intervention of Luther and Melanchton, another parish, at Holzdorf, in 1535. "Now cured of prophesying, Stifel devoted himself to mathematics. He enrolled at, and received his master's degree from, the University of Wittenberg, where Jacob Milich was lecturer on mathematics. Stifel gave private instruction in mathematics, and among his pupils was Melanchthon's son-in-law Kaspar Peucer. The years at Holzdorf were Stifel's most productive period. At the urging of Milich he wrote <i>Arithmetica integra</i> (1544), in which he set forth all that was then known about arithmetic and algebra, supplemented by important original contributions... The peaceful years in Holzdorf ended suddenly after the Schmalkaldic War (1547)... Stifel fled to Prussia, where he finally found a position in 1551 as pastor at Haberstroh, near Königsberg. He lectured on theology and mathematics at the University of Königsberg and brought out a new edition of Christoph Rudolff's <i>Coss</i>, which first appeared in 1525 and had since become unavailable. He undertook the republication at the request of a businessman named Christoff Ottendorffer, who paid the printing costs. Stifel reproduced Rudolff's text in its entirety, as well as all 434 problems illustrating the eight rules of the Coss. To each chapter of the original text he appended critical notes and additional developments, most of which he drew from his <i>Arithmetica integra</i>. Stifel's additions are much longer than the corresponding sections of Rudolff's book" (DSB XIII: 59). </br><br/> The influence of Stifel's edition of the <i>Coss</i> was felt for almost two centuries after its publication. "In the Russian Euler archives at St. Petersburg is preserved a manuscript containing a short autobiography dictated by Euler to his son Johann Albrecht on the first of December, 1767. He states that his father Paulus Euler taught him the basics of mathematics with the use of the Stifel edition of Christoff Rudolff's <i>Coss</i>. The young Euler practiced mathematics for several years using this book, studying over four hundred algebra problems. When he decided to write an elementary textbook on algebra, he must have had in mind the first mathematics book he owned. The book was to be used for self study, in the same way that he had used Rudolff's book" (Heffer, pp. 7-8). </br><br/> Little is known of Rudolff's early life. He was in Vienna in 1525 and tells us that he learned algebra, or <i>Coss</i> as it was then known (after the Italian 'cosa', or 'thing', meaning the unknown quantity), from Henricus Grammateus (Heinrich Schreiber), who taught at Vienna from 1517 to 1521. "He supported himself by giving private lessons, and although he was not affiliated with the university, he was able to use its library. Some critics accused him of stealing the examples for his <i>Coss</i> from the Vienna library, an accusation against which he was defended by Michael Stifel in the preface to the new edition of the <i>Coss</i>...</br><br/> "The <i>Coss</i> is divided into two parts. In the first, Rudolff devotes twelve chapters to the topics that the reader must master before taking up the study of algebra (the solution of equations). In chapters 1-4 he presents the basic operations and the rule of three, giving examples with whole numbers and fractions, and then treats the extraction of square and cube roots... In chapters 5 and 6 Rudolff carries out the four operations and the rule of three on algebraic polynomials, after first setting forth the names and symbols of the powers of the unknowns... Chapters 7-11 are devoted to roots, binomials and residues... The first part of the book concludes with a short explanation of the five types of 'proportioned' numbers (multiple, <i>super-particular</i>, and so forth). </br><br/> "In part two of the <i>Coss</i> (which is divided into three sections) Rudolff discusses first- and second-degree equations and their variations of higher degree. He assumes the existence of only eight distinct <i>equationen</i> or 'rules of the coss,' not the twenty-four distinguished by earlier cossists... The second section offers rules (<i>cautelae</i>) for solving equations, and the third is a collection of problems containing over 400 examples. Some of the problems involve abstract numbers; others, taken from daily life, are presented in fantastic forms similar to those of the <i>Enigmata</i> of recreational mathematics. In some of the problems Rudolff introduces a second unknown <i>q</i> (for <i>quantitas</i>). If there are more unknowns than equations, the problem is considered indeterminate. For several such problems concerned with 'splitting the bill' (<i>Zechenaufgaben</i>) Rudolff supplied all the possible solutions. </br><br/> "The <i>Coss</i> ends with three cubic problems. Rudolff does not work out their solution because, as he stated, he wanted to stimulate further algebraic research" (DSB XI: 589-590). The general solution of cubic equations was first given by Cardano and Tartaglia twenty years later. </br><br/> The book is extremely rare both in institutional holdings and on the market. COPAC lists copies at BL, Cambridge and UCL only. We have located only two other copies at auction: a copy presented by Euler to the Prince of Smolensk (Sotheby's 1994), and the Joseph Freilich copy (Sotheby's 2001). </br><br/> VD16, R 3436; BM STC, German Books p. 759; Adams R 863; Smith, <i>Rara Arithmetica</i>, pp. 258-260; Honeyman 2916; Sotheran I, 233; Albrecht Heeffer, <i>The Rhetoric of Problems in Algebra Textbooks from Pacioli to Euler</i> (logica.ugent.be/albrecht/thesis/AlgebraRhetoric.pdf).. Small 4to (200 x 152 mm), ff. [x], 492, [2]. Title page in red and black, engraved initials, colophon with printer's device dated 1554 (preface dated 1552). Contemporary blind-stamped pigskin over bevelled wooden boards, richly tooled, embossed title 'Die Coss' on front cover, original brass clasps intact, contemporary manuscript title label on spine. Many neat contemporary marginalia, and a substantial manuscript addition to rear free endpaper entitled 'Numerorum Polygonatium' (the numbering of polygons). Provenance: title with old ownership entry of the Schottenkirche St. Jakob in Regensburg, dated 1609. A beautiful copy with contemporary annotations in an unrestored contemporary binding

Cipolla, Bartolomeo; Caepolla, BartholomaeusIncipiu[n]t Sole[m]nes ac P[er]utiles Tractatus Memoriaq[ue] 1525. Cipolla, Bartolomeo [d. ca. 1477]. [Gradibus, Johannes de (15th/16th c.), Editor]. Incipiu[n]t Sole[m]nes ac P[er]utiles Tractatus Memoriaq[ue] ac Studio Dignissimi Egregij Viri: Iurisq[ue] Utriusq[ue] Peritissimi D. Bartholomei Cepolle, Videlicet. [Lyons: Antoine Du Ry, Impensis Jacques and Franciscus Giunta, 1525]. [xii], cccxvi [i.e. 312], [2] ff. Main text in parallel columns. Octavo (7" x 5"). Contemporary vellum from manuscript leaf, hand-lettered title to spine, front endleaves recycled from another book. Some soiling, moderate rubbing to extremities, joints starting, some worming to spine, corners worn, pastedowns loose, worming to rear hinge, a few cracks to text block, a few signatures loose. Title page, with woodcut vignette and architectural border, printed in red and black, small woodcut vignette at head of main text, woodcut decorated initials. Moderate toning to text, occasional faint dampstaining to margins, some edgewear and a few minor tears to title page and the following four leaves. Finger smudges, annotations to rear endleaves, underlining and brief annotations in few places, interior otherwise clean. * Third edition. Cipolla was a professor of law at the University of Padua, Venetian diplomat and one of the greatest Italian Jurists of the fifteenth century. His works are notable for their humanistic scholarship and coordination of theoretical and practical concerns. Tractatus Memoriaque is a collection of seven essays on servitudes, real property and related topics in Roman and canon law. It is a collection based on titles that circulated in manuscript and the early printed era. The first edition in its final, seven-essay form appeared in 1511. It was issued several times into the sixteenth century. All editions are scarce. OCLC locates no copies of the 1525 imprint in North America. This edition not in Adams.

CastiglioniCASTIGLIONI WORLD MAP (SEVILLE, 1525) Fine Facsimile Map Edition Libri Illustri Gmbh. New. Hardcover. <p><The Castiglioni World Map from 1525 four scrolls were assembled into a map with the dimensions of a total of 81.5 x 214 cm, on the whole known 500 years ago the world was drawn. The original title, &#39;Extensive and thorough map of navigation&#39;, is on the one hand to describe the world at that time, on the other hand for the special technical care which the cartographer used in their manufacture. </p><p>World map in its original format 81.5 x 214 cm and Originalbeschnitt. 240 g of special paper. The exclusive edition of Edition Libri Illustri is only 100 individually numbered copies and comes with the director of the Biblioteca Estense Universitaria signed warranty certificate in a role. The global edition is strictly limited to 499 copies! </p> <p>Under the patronage of the Italian Ministry of Culture, the decorative card was faithfully reproduced in facsimile. The commentary, 128 pages, format 17 x 24 cm, contains a historical cartographic post by Ernesto Milano about the historical background and the great significance for modern cartography and a statement of Annalisa Battini identified and transcribed place names. </p> <p>Summary- Ernesto Milano: The Castiglioni World Map7- The way the collection of the Biblioteca Estense7- External Description9- Baldassare Castiglioni11- Unteruchungen to the origin and contents of the planisphere15- Analysis of the planisphere21- Description of Contents38- Literature72- Annalisa Battini: transcription of place names77 </p> <p>The Castiglioni World Map from 1525 four scrolls were assembled into a map with the dimensions of a total of 81.5 x 214 cm, on the whole known 500 years ago the world was drawn. The original title, &#39;Extensive and thorough map of navigation&#39;, is on the one hand to describe the world at that time, on the other hand for the special technical care which the cartographer used in their manufacture. This covered by wind lines chart is of paramount historical and cartographic importance, since it is the very first document is, proving the theory of the spherical shape of the earth. </p> <p>The Subscriber is the cartographer Diego Ribeiro, who was commissioned by the Spanish royal family to present the data obtained by Magellan&#39;s new geographical discoveries findings figuratively. Ribeiro drew the globe as he has shown immediately after the first circumnavigation of Magellan and the exploration of the coast nordainerikanischen by Estevan Gomez. </p> <p>The Italian State has acquired the world map in 2000 by Count Castiglioni from Mantua. The Italian Ministry of Culture has the Biblioteca Estense Universitaria in Modena entrusted with the preservation of this unique treasure, since there already is one of the most important cartographic collection in the world is held. </p> <p>The card is a gift from Emperor Charles V of Habsburg to Baldassare Castiglioni (1478-1529) , one of the towering figures of the Renaissance in Italy. He worked at the court of the Gonzaga and Montefeltro. Later he was appointed by Pope Clement VII as apostolic nuncio to Spain. </p><p>For the beginning of the 16th Seekartographie Castiglioni century world map on the one was so important because it is the most accurate map of the time, and partly because it is the first map is scientifically correct, the structure refers to the line of the equator. </p><p>The map for the first time documented credible historical geographical discoveries. The project funded by the highest authority striving for the greatest possible accuracy was very important economic grounds, because only with exact maps of the profitable trade with India could run reasonably safe. </p><p>Instruments and tools that were useful for navigation, are drawn accurately. For example, a nautical astrolabe, a "vicious solaris", and a quadrant. The coastal outlines of the newly discovered and already known to the world are strikingly highlighted and accurately with place names. In contrast, the interior of the continent except Jerusalem and Cairo or some country names such as Saxony and Prussia so well emerge as no geographical reference points. Very beautiful the flags of those two states can be seen that in those days constituted the conquests of the world between them, Spain and Portugal, and in the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 agreed demarcation line between the Spanish and Portuguese influence. </p> .

Martin LutherDe Servo Arbitrio Martin Luthers De Servo Arbitrio (Bondage of the Will) was first published in December 1525, this copy was published in 1526 and is most likely a second edition. The book is in very Good condition retaining its original binding of blind stamped leather. It is complete and there is very little browning and no foxing to the pages. Book size: 16cm X 10cm

LYNDWOOD, William. John Acton (or AYTON). Edited by Josse Badius.:PROVINCIALE SEU CONSTITUTIONES ANGLIE. Bound with CONSTITUTIONES LEGITIME SEU LEGATINE REGIONIS ANGLICANE London, printed in Antwerp by Christopher Endoviensis (van Ruremond) for Francis Brickman, 1525, & Paris, Wolfgang Hopyl and Hans de Coblenz, 1504.. 2 separate works bound in 1 volume. No. 1: PROVINCIALE SEU CONSTITUTIONES ANGLIE Cum summariis atque iustis annotationibus, politissimis caracteribus, summaque accuratione rursum revise atque impresse. 1525, Latin text, 4to in eights, approximatley 275 x 195 mm, 10¾ x 7¾ inches, engraved pictorial title page printed red and black, pages printed red and black in two sizes of black letter and in double column, the text in the centre surrounded by commentary, a few decorated initials, 1 full page illustration showing coats of arms and St George and the Dragon, leaves: cclvi, (28) - indexes, text numbered on rectos only, some misnumbering but collated and guaranteed complete, bound in full old panelled calf, heavily decorated in blind to covers, raised bands and gilt lettered leather label to spine. Spine worn with slight chipping to head and tail, hinges cracked on most of their length but holding firmly, upper corners slightly worn, title is lettered faintly on the fore-edges, title page slightly dusty, 2 large chips to 1 fore-edge margin, 1 just affecting a 1 word side note, 3 small old paper repairs to 1 fore-edge margin, small stain to 1 margin, occasional small pale damp stains to margins, leaves 224-233 have large pale damp stains over much of the text, but absolutely no loss of legibility, contents otherwise bright and clean, binding tight and firm. Lyndwood's Provinciale "is a collection of the most important ecclesiastical legislation enacted within the province of Canterbury between the Council of Oxford in 1222 and Chichele's archiepiscopate (reign ended 1443). The completed Provinciale was accompanied by a comprehensive subject matter index and, more importantly by his own extensive marginal gloss. In the fashion of the European "ius commune" the gloss clarified the meaning of the constitutions, related them to the general law of the church, raised legal points of doubt and controversy, and commented upon their observance in the English spiritual courts" ODNB. The text was edited by Josse Badius and the index was compiled by him. William Lyndwood (c. 1375-1446) was bishop of St. Davids in 1442. He finished writing his Provinciale in 1433 and it was first printed in Oxford by Thomas Rood in 1483. STC 17111; Adams, Books Printed in Europe 1501-1600, L2117. No. 2: CONSTITUTIONES LEGITIME SEU LEGATINE REGIONIS ANGLICANE: cum subtilissima interpretatione domini Johannis de Athon: triplicique tabella. 1504. FIRST EDITION of John Acton's commentary on canon law, Latin text, 4to in eights, title page in red and black with large illustration of St George and the Dragon, 2nd title page with illustration of trees and 2 eagles, half page illustration of king on his throne, pictorial initials, pages printed as described above, leaves: (16), cxxviii, cxxxvii-clv, numbered on rectos only, LACKING SIGNATURE r ( i.e. 8 leaves), some errors of numbering but collated and guaranteed complete apart from Sig. r. There is a sprinkling of tiny wormholes throughout, worse at the beginning and the end, some affecting single letters, no tracks, all still easily legible, 1 lower margin slightly stained, contents otherwise bright and clean, small closed tear to 1 inner margin just touching text but repaired neatly with no loss, a little underlining on 3 pages, 2 lines in an early hand on final page. A good copy (lacking 8 leaves as noted) of a post incunabula printing in early binding. This is the first edition of the first major treatise on English canon law, edited by J. Chappuis, with a preface by Josse Badius. It contains the legatine constitutions of Otho and Othobono (later Pope Hadrianus V). See: Adams L2113. STC 17108: Sotheby's, The Library of the Earls of Macclesfield, Part Eleven, 3859: Sweet & Maxwell, A Bibliography of English Law to 1650, Volume 1, page 129 & 133. MORE IMAGES ATTACHED TO THIS LISTING.