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Many innovations in object oriented programming are about avoiding
multiple inheritance. Mixins, traits, interfaces all serve this
purpose. Tingle is a whole new language that grew out of a single
idea about how to avoid multiple inheritance. One day I realized that
to extend both the class Car and its subclass Taxi with a draw()
method, what I actually wanted to write was this one new component to
combine with both:

It combines with Car and Taxi according to its nestings,
without dependence on order (as mixins have) or need for glue code
(which traits require). It can also
carry instance variables. As befits a good computer scientist, I
then started to explore whether it was feasible to write complete
programs using only such components. This grew into a language, which
I called Tingle, and into a style of programming with classes but
without inheritance that I call idea oriented programming.