Iraq’s Khan al-Shilan, a former Ottoman military headquarters that later became a government administrative building, will turn into a museum featuring antiquities and archaeological pieces

Khan al-Shilan features three cellars as well as rooms arranged around its courtyard, and its walls and entrance are decorated with Islamic designs. The photo below shows the destroyed building before the restoration process. AFP photo

It served as an Ottoman headquarters, a prison, an ice factory and a mill before falling into neglect.

Now, Najaf’s historic and much-loved Khan al-Shilan is getting a new lease on life as a museum.Local authorities in Najaf plan to turn the structure into a museum featuring antiquities and archaeological pieces as well as statues of rebels and some of the actual weapons they used in a 1920 Iraqi uprising against the British, during which captured soldiers were held at Khan al-Shilan.

In addition to its long history, Khan al-Shilan is significant due to the remains of drawings and dates left by the captive British soldiers, which are still visible on its walls.

According to Hassan al-Hakim, a history professor at Kufa University, Khan al-Shilan was originally intended to be a rest house for pilgrims visiting Najaf, which is home to the shrine of Imam Ali, one of the most revered figures in Shiite Islam, and visited by hundreds of thousands of pilgrims each year.But it was used as an Ottoman military headquarters before the defeat of the empire in World War I, and then as a local government administrative building.

Islamic designs

When the British occupied Iraq, they dispatched forces from Baghdad who took control of Najaf and Khan al-Shilan.

But when Iraqis launched their 1920 uprising, Khan al-Shilan temporarily reverted to local control and was used as a prison to hold British troops captured in several battles.

In 1933, the first electrical generator in the city was installed at Khan al-Shilan, providing power for the old city and the Imam Ali shrine, Hakim said.

Khan al-Shilan was later used as a site to grind wheat, and later as an ice factory. It was rented out in the late 1990s and parts of it were destroyed, while others were used for rubbish disposal.

At about 1,500 square meters, Khan al-Shilan features three cellars as well as rooms arranged around its courtyard, and its walls and entrance are decorated with Islamic designs.

“Our memories are linked to it and we consider this place one of the symbols of Najaf,” Ahmed Kaabi, a 50-year-old who lives near Khan al-Shilan, said. “[Turning] the Khan into a museum is a good project, despite the delay, because this place is very dear to us.”

Despite more than half a century of neglect, the building tells much of the history of Najaf, according to Hamza al-Khalidi, the director of Khan al-Shilan, and is of major importance with respect to the heritage of the city.

Local authorities initially decided to turn Khan al-Shilan into a museum as part of the city’s role as the Arab world’s Islamic Capital of Culture for 2012. But when the problem-plagued culture capital project was scrapped, the Najaf Archaeological and Heritage Directorate took over. Khan al-Shilan is still slated to become a museum in 2013.

Lack of attention

Najaf, the center of Shiite religious scholarship worldwide, is home to archaeological sites from a number of different periods. But like many such sites in Iraq, not all are well cared for, including the remains of the celebrated ancient Christian city of Hira, which lies neglected just a stone’s throw from the Najaf airport after funds for excavation dried up.

Khan al-Shilan has also suffered from a lack of attention.

“[It] was subjected to negligence since the departure of the British occupation until the last two years, in a way that affected the building and general structure,” said Mahdi al-Saigh, a member of the Popular Heritage Committee in Najaf.

He called for the formation of a commission to take care of Najaf’s heritage, much of which has been lost. “We have a complete list of the heritage sites and houses in Najaf and the surrounding areas,” Saigh said, and they have requested that the sites be cared for.