As of July 2011 the texlive package that ships with Ubuntu (TeX Live 2009) is lagging two years behind the current TeX Live release (TeX Live 2011). If you want the latest version of TeX Live, you can install it directly from the TeX Live website (this does not interfere with the packages in Ubuntu).

Though, it is not too difficult to manually install TeX Live 2011 from the sources following these instructions. In this process, I decided to download the TexLive package via rsync since it can be a rather big installation.

After successfully installing TeX Live itself, I set up the latest version of Kile (which is 2.1.0 as of today) following this description.