reservation in education

﻿Kumar with 87% ISC pays Rs.185000 in an engineering college and Rajiv with 56% ISC pays Rs.80000 only in the same college. What made this difference? The answer is “caste based reservation”. Kumar belonged to a Brahmin family whereas Rajiv was from ‘scheduled caste’. Admittedly, caste is a social reality and a mechanism of oppression in an Indian society. But going deep into this society two main questions arise – Is caste only the mechanism of oppression? Is everyone amongst the ‘upper castes’ affluent? The answer to these questions is known to every one of us. The main objective of the Indian reservation system is to increase the opportunities and enhance social and educational status. But this does not mean to overlook the so called ‘upper classes’. After all “under the eyes of god and law all are equal”. Caste based reservation is seen in areas such as politics, government and most probably in higher education institutions. 22.5% of available seats are reserved for scheduled caste (SC) and scheduled tribe (ST) students, (15% for SCs and 7.5% for STs). This reservation percentage has been raised to 49.5% by including an additional 27% reservation for OBCs. This ratio is followed even in the parliament and all elections where a few constituencies are secured for those from certain communities. And as the new laws for the reservation systems are passed employment of SCs in public sector is increasing substantially. The ill-effects of caste-based reservation system are not hidden from us. In the recent years it has affected the education sectors in a big way. There are many examples that could be highlighted. The anti caste-based reservation protest took place. This was against the decision of the union Government of India that implemented reservation for OBCs in central and private institutes of higher education. In the year 2005, Government, on the recommendation of Mandal Commission, proposed to reserve 27% of seats in the All India Institute of Medical...

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...argue that Reservation is a political, social, economic and constitutional policy to accord justice by absorbing the SCs and STs in the social mainstream.
In 1992, the Supreme Court ruled out that reservation quotas could not be applied in promotions of Government employees beyond 1997, but Parlia through the 86th Amendment bill restored the scheme of reservation for SC and ST in promotions too. The government has further given reservation to OBC ( Backward Classes) . Our Prime Minister, Mr. Atal Bihari Vajpayee, pointed that “In an unequal society where the Schedule Castes, Scheduled Tribes OBCs are still suffering from historical disabilities, what they want is Social and empowerment and-not mere welfare. Whatever may be the intensions of Mr. Vajpayee, the point is: Can Social justice be actually restored to such cross sections of society, at the cost of gross injustice to the rest?
While providing privileges in the Constitution for a limited period often years, it was felt that the feeling of casteism would vanish. But even after 55 years of independence, reservation based on birth, has catalyzed the widening gap, caste differences, hatred among different castes. Sixty years of reservations has enabled these Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to occupy most of the higher posts in government offices and institutions. In many cases their hatred towards high caste has been clearly...

...Reservation! Is it satisfying the purpose for which it was implemented?
Why was reservation implemented in India?
India is having a pluralistic society which is comprised of people from different religion, caste and cultures. And the main basis of discrimination is caste and religion. The policy of reservations was designed with the best of intentions and for the exclusive benefit of the backward sections of Indian society. So that the well-being of perceived backward and under-represented communities defined primarily by their 'caste' (quota-system based on 'gender' or 'religion') improve. On one hand we are providing for reservation and on the other hand our constitution swears to not to discriminate its citizens on grounds caste. Is this Justified?
What is this leading to?
This has led to three different tragedies.
First which violates the saying of what is written in the preamble of India ( “Equality of status and opportunity”) but because of reservation many undeserving candidates have got the goal which belonged to the deserving candidates and because of that the deserving’s have remained unaided and the non-deserving’s are enjoying the benefit. Now how is this justifying equality of status and opportunity?
Secondly the politicians are using reservation as “Vote Bank”, an instrument for winning votes at election time.
Thirdly caste passions are aroused every now and then by...

...INDIA'S GROWTH THROUGH ADVANCEMENT IN EDUCATION SECTOR
Anjana dhingra*
Dr.Abha mittal**
*Research scholar,sri Venkateshwara university,gajraula
**Supervisor, Maharaja agarsen college,Delhi university.
ABSTRACT
Education in India today is nothing like it was in Pre-Independence and Post-Independence Era. Education System in India today went through a lot of changes before it emerged in its present form. Present education system in India is also guided by different objectives and goals as compared to earlier time. Present system of education in India, however is based around the policies of yesteryears. After independence, it was on 29th August 1947, that a Department of Education under the Ministry of Human Resource Development was set up. At that time the mission was the quantitative spread of education facilities. After, 1960’s the efforts were more focussed to provide qualitative education facilities. The present research focus on steps through which our indian education system had gone through. The basic moto of this research is to show that india has done serious efforts in education nd has shotremendous development but it is still lacking in comparison with developed nations. This study is an effort to suggest some measures for its improvement.
INTRODUCTION
Education in every sense is one of...

...﻿Brianon Gammone
Student number: 20134571
Science 1 in the Early Years
Assessment: Item 1- Views of teaching and promoting science of young learners
Introduction
The pedagogy of play can be hard to understand and part of the reason for this is it’s so difficult to explain how children learn by play because play isn’t simply; it is complex. Each child begins their early childhood education with a set of skills and prior knowledge that is influenced by their family, culture and past experiences (Fellows &Oakley, 2010). The past knowledge should become the foundation for developing an understanding of scientific concepts (Duschl, Schweingruber & Shouse, 2007). Children are naturally inquisitive, creative and aware of the world around them (Campbell & Jobling, 2012). Play is an important development tool and an effective way to teach children scientific concepts while using their prior knowledge (Preston, Mules, Baker & Frost, 2007). Learning science through play shows children that science is useful and enjoyable and is a significant aspect of the real world (Bulunuz, 2013). This essay will review teaching science through play, theorists who support play and the way in which the Australian curriculum and EYLF support play pedagogy.
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...Reservation policy fails to achieve its purpose of giving equal opportunity to everyone because of lack of infrastructure in the rural areas of the country where the proportion of backward classes is significant.
A number of people living in some remote areas in Orissa, M. P. or Bihar are not even aware of these policies. They are deprived of even primary education and basic employment which make them more backward financially. It fails to establish which causes disequilibrium in the status of the states.
The total reservation quota stands at 49% in many states of India and this includes the SCs, STs and OBCs. The trend seems to have shifted to reverse discrimination rather than more affirmative action. Some backward class’s elite have gained political and economic clout based on this reservation.
However a majority of the backward classes is not living any differently than before because their subsistence is meagre and rural lifestyles do not provide them with any of the benefits. The worst thing is that many are not even aware of these policies, especially in the interior parts of the nation. Thus a distinct economic class system exists within the backward classes. Mostly undeserving people have gained the advantages and the deserving ones are still without any significant positive change in their plight.
It is interesting to note that the constitutional provisions regarding reser­vations which...

...India’s Reservation Policy in Higher Education Institutions
The term “Reservation” has been doing the rounds within the Indian media circuit of late owing to the government decision to implement 27% quota for the OBCs in the educational institutions of higher learning. Time has come to study the significance of this matter and see its consequences on the country in the future.
When our country achieved independence, a large section of the society was leading a miserable life. They had been exploited for ages and the false beliefs in the society at that time further worsened their condition. The government of that day introduced the concept of reservations so that there would be equal progress of all sections of the society. Over the years, the condition of the people of reserved categories has improved at a fast rate while that of the middle class, general or open category people has remained more or less the same. After nearly 60 years of independence now, general category people have started to feel that they are being subjugated and that the odds have been stacked against them. At a time like this, the government’s decision to bring out legislation to implement a 27% quota for OBCs adds further fuel to the fire.
There are a large number of failings in the reasons publicized by the government for implementing this decision. Firstly, the government has rooted its decision in a survey conducted by the Britishers...

...Executive Summary
The ABC Bus Corporation has approached a new way in reserving their accommodating their passenger by creating a computerize bus reservation systems that aims to provide user excellent services. Bus reservation system deals with maintenance of records of details of each passenger who had reserved a seat for a journey for various places in Bangalore.
The said bus reservation company has 60 routes operating from Bangalore among those are the regular or ordinary, semi-luxury and super-deluxe buses. These systems should contain information about its passenger like date of reservation, their destination, and number of seats and cancellation of their reservation. The system should meet the requirements of the business to make it interactive and user friendly.
Our project is to computerize traveling company to manage data, so that all the transactions become fast and lessen any possibly error in transaction like calculation mistake, bill generation and other things. It replaces all the paper work. It keeps records of all bills also, giving to ensure 100% successful implementation of the computerized Bus reservation system. It also shows reports of the transaction done by the company to monitor their daily operation.
Objective/s
Main Objective:
To develop an effective and functional passenger reservation system.
Specific Objectives:
a. To...