ASTM A234/ SA234M

These fittings are for use in pressure piping and in pressure vessel fabrication for service at moderate and elevated temperatures.

Process

Killed steel, with forgings, bars, plates, sheet, and seamless or fusion-welded tubular products with filler metal added. Forging or shaping operations performed by hammering, pressing, piercing, extruding, upsetting, rolling, bending, fusion welding, machining, or by a combination of two or more of these operations.

Heat Treatment

After forming at an elevated temperature, fittings are cooled to a temperature below the critical range under suitable conditions to prevent injurious defects caused by too rapid cooling, but in no case more rapidly than the cooling rate in still air. Heat treatment temperatures specified are metal (part) temperatures. Heat-treated fittings are to be treated according to paragraph 7 in Specification A960/A960M.

An elbow is a pipe fitting installed between two lengths of pipe or tubing to allow a change of direction, usually a 180° or 90° angle, though 45° elbows are also made. The ends may be machined for butt welding (SW) or socketed welding(SW) etc.

Most elbows are available in short radius or long radius variants. When the two ends differ in size, the fitting is called a reducing elbow or reducer elbow.

All welded pipe fittings have bevelled end to allow for ease of welding.

This bevel allows for full penetration weld in most cases.

There are two types of bevels;
Plain Bevel and Compound Bevel: according to the bevel of welding pipe fittings construction
.

ASME B16.28, Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows and Returns

Industrial Processes:
Bending, squeezing, pressing, forging, machining and more
ANSI/ASME B16.25, Buttwelding Ends
ANSI/ASME B16.25 Standard covers the preparation of butt welding ends of piping components to be joined into a piping system by welding.

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