For real values of argument , the values of all the trigonometric functions are real (or infinity).

In the points , the values of trigonometric functions are algebraic. In several cases they can even be rational numbers or integers (like or ). The values of trigonometric functions can be expressed using only square roots if and is a product of a power of 2 and distinct Fermat primes {3, 5, 17, 257, …}.

All trigonometric functions have rather simple values for arguments and :

All trigonometric functions are defined for all complex values of , and they are analytical functions of over the whole complex ‐plane and do not have branch cuts or branch points. The two functions and are entire functions with an essential singular point at . All other trigonometric functions are meromorphic functions with simple poles at points for and , and at points for and .

All trigonometric functions are periodic functions with a real period ( or ):

All trigonometric functions have parity (either odd or even) and mirror symmetry:

The derivatives of all trigonometric functions have simple representations that can be expressed through other trigonometric functions:

The solutions of the simplest second‐order linear ordinary differential equation with constant coefficients can be represented through and :