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Early 1990s: Libraries & the Internet Tap into the FUTURE NOW!, St. Petersburg Times (1993) Shirley Dugan Kennedy Internet isn’t just for computer whizzes. Ordinary people are taking advantage of it too. Internet access through FIRN, the Florida Information Resource Network, an and conferencing system operated by the state Department of Education primarily for teachers and librarians Messages only take a few hours to be delivered.

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Late 1990s/2000s – Turning point for libraries and the information ecosystem Visualization from the Opte Project of the various routes through a portion of the Internet, circa Image from the Opte Project (www.opte.org) via Wikipedia. Changes in: Technology User Behavior User Expectations Visualization of routes through a portion of the Internet

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Late 1990s/2000s – Turning point for libraries and the information ecosystem Media types Direct access to objects themselves Digital Natives Class of 2012: Born in 1991 Teaching & Learning How we work Gaming

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Late 1990s/2000s – Turning point for libraries and the information ecosystem

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Now What? Information ecosystem is more complex than ever. How should we define our role? How do we position ourselves for the future? What do our skills and expertise make us uniquely suited to do? What are the areas where we can add the most value? What do our users need? Want? Expect?

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2000s: How do we think about information and knowledge? How can we harness ICT to interact with information in new ways? How do we access information? Who has access to information? What are the barriers to access? How can we use, reuse, manipulate, and work with information and data? How can we ensure access to born-digital information in the future? How do we define information today?

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Now What? Open Access: Demand for immediate, complete access to materials. Support for new forms, new content types. Continually-evolving landscape. Uses ICT for redefinition of our work. Usage data  measure value.

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Open Access (OA) “Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. What makes it possible is the internet and the consent of the author or copyright-holder.” – Peter Suber, A Very Brief Introduction to Open Access

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Purpose of OA To use Information Communication Technology ( ICT ) to increase and enhance dissemination of scholarship.

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What does this mean? Through Open Access… - Increased access - Further, broader (global) dissemination - Impact of research increases - Increased visibility - Funding dollars have more impact

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Two Methods for Open Access: 1) Publish in an Open Access journal. 2) Publish in any peer-reviewed journal and deposit refereed version in an Open Access repository. Peer-review is critical for either method.

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Two Kinds of “Free” Gratis – “Free as in beer.” Free price. Libre – “Free as in speech.” Lack of restrictions.

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The real promise of Open Access is the potential that stems from the aggregation of materials. -Global access. -New types of analysis. -Overarching view of research output.

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Interoperability Ability of systems to pass information back and forth between each other in a usable format. Metadata consistency necessary for several kinds of interoperability.

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The real value of Open Access lies in the potential to aggregate research outputs, present information in different ways, and allow for new types of data extraction and analysis – all possible because of interoperability.

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Harvested collection: Includes metadata for records and links to the objects at their host institution Objects themselves are not harvested – only metadata. Collection from Michigan Collection from Colorado Collection from Scotland Collection from Japan Collection from India Harvesting

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Early 2000s – Early OAI-PMH Interoperability Projects Union catalogues 2.0 Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) “More than one million records of electronic theses and dissertations.” “Makes individual collections of NDLTD member institutions and consortia appear as one seamless digital library of ETDs.” “Union catalogue of millions of records form open access resources”