Clock Choke – Koshi Jime (締め) – Hip Strangle, however, the mechanism of the choke is classified by the Kodokan as Okuri-eri-jime (送襟絞).

Closed Guard – Do Osae – Trunk Hold – Sometimes referred to as full guard. The closed guard is the typical guard position. The legs are hooked behind the back of the opponent, preventing them from standing up or moving away. The opponent needs to open the legs up to be able to improve positioning. The bottom combatant might transition between the open and closed guard, as the open guard allows for better movement, but also increased risk of the opponent passing the guard. The technique Do-Jime (胴絞) is sometimes incorrectly used to describe the closed guard. The difference is that with Do-Jime pressure is applied to squeeze the opponent’s trunk to cause asphyxia. Do-Jime is a prohibited technique in competition judo.

Figure-Four – Ude-garami (腕絡) – also written as figure-4. When used on an arm, also known as a double wrist lock. A hold in which the positioning of the limbs resembles the number ‘4’. For example, used in the AMERICANA and the KIMURA.

Grapevine – Tate-Shiho-Gatame (縦四方固) – a type of control that most commonly applies to MOUNT. You have your legs threaded through your opponent’s, hooking around with your feet to stop them escaping. This makes for a stable defensive position, though attacks are mostly limited to the EZEQUIEL.