This animated video describes graft-versus-host disease, a common side effect of an allogeneic transplant

published:22 Jan 2016

views:14924

http://www.stomponstep1.com/transplant-rejection-hyperacute-acute-chronic-graft-versus-host/
SKIP AHEAD:
0:29 – Definition and Introduction to Organ Transplantation
1:50 – Intro to Transplant Rejection
5:00 – The high yield table
6:38 – Hyperacute Rejection
8:22 – Acute Rejection
9:03 – Chronic Rejection
10:34 – Graft vs. HostDisease
Organ Transplantation is the replacement of dysfunctional tissue with healthy tissue from “somewhere” else. An individual can receive an organ donation from an animal (such as a pig heart valve) or “donate” tissue to themselves by moving healthy tissue from one part of their body to another (such as skin grafting). However, almost all Step 1 questions are about transplantation from one human to another individual who is not a twin. This type of transplant is known as an Allograft. The donor may be living or recently deceased. A wide variety of tissues can be transplanted, but our discussion will focus primarily on functional organs that require vascular connections like the heart, kidney and liver (not structural tissue like tendons). Blood transfusion is a type of transplant that will be covered in more depth in the Hematology section.
When the organ donor is not the recipient themselves or a genetically identical twin, the immune response to the new organ becomes extremely important to prognosis. The grafted tissue expresses antigens that are not present in the host and these antigens are recognized as foreign. The immune system reacts as if the donated tissue is an infectious microbe and attacks the graft. The immune system needs to be kept in check to allow the organ to be moved successfully into the recipient. Transplant Rejection is when there is not immunologic tolerance to the new organ and the host’s immune system damages the transplanted tissue. The damage is often most evident in the vessels of the donated tissue where antigens lining the endothelium come into contact with the immune cells circulating in the hosts blood. Following organ transplantation, patients need to be monitored closely for the onset of symptoms related to dysfunction of the transplanted tissue and they will undergo periodic laboratory evaluation in hopes of identifying rejection as quickly as possible. When rejection is suspected a biopsy is usually done to confirm the diagnosis and rule out another disease process.
Hyperacute Transplant Rejection occurs almost immediately and is often evident while you are still in surgery. It is caused by accidental ABOBlood type mismatching of the donor and recipient which almost never happens anymore. This means the host has preformed antibodies against the donated tissue. For example, a recipient with TypeB blood would have pre-made antibodies targeted at the carbohydrates on the blood of a Type A donor. The presence of preformed antibodies is why the reaction takes places so quickly. This is an example of Type II Hypersensitivity and results in thrombosis and occlusion of the graft vessel. The transplanted organ must be removed immediately.
Acute Transplant Rejection is the most common type of rejection and usually has an onset between weeks and months of the transplant. It is a T-Cell mediated response against foreign Major Histocompatibility Complex in the donated organ. Therefore, it is an example of Type IV hypersensitivity. This process results in leukocyte infiltration of the graft vessel. The risk of Acute Rejection can be diminished (but not eliminated) with prophylactic immunosuppression. If identified early Acute Rejection may be able to be treated with immunosuppressants and corticosteroids.
Chronic Transplant Rejection occurs months to years after the transplant. The exact mechanism is not very well understood but it probably involves a combination of Type III and Type IV hypersensitivity directed against the foreign MHC molecules which look like self-MHC presenting a foreign antigen. It results in intimal thickening and fibrosis of graft vessels as well as organ atrophy. Chronic rejection is a slow progressive decline in organ dysfunction while acute rejection is a more rapid decline in function. Chronic Transplant Rejection can be thought of as accelerated aging. There is no treatment available and these patients need to receive a new organ transplant. When Chronic Rejection is suspected a full work up is done to rule out “late onset” Acute Rejection which can be treated.
The text for this video is too long for Youtube and exceeds the maximum allowed video description length. To read the rest of it please click here http://www.stomponstep1.com/transplant-rejection-hyperacute-acute-chronic-graft-versus-host/

Please visit: www.openpediatrics.org
OPENPediatrics™ is an interactive digital learning platform for healthcare clinicians sponsored by Boston Children's Hospital and in collaboration with the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. It is designed to promote the exchange of knowledge between healthcare providers around the world caring for critically ill children in all resource settings. The content includes internationally recognized experts teaching the full range of topics on the care of critically ill children. All content is peer-reviewed and open access-and thus at no expense to the user.
For further information on how to enroll, please email: openpediatrics@childrens.harvard.edu
Please note: OPENPediatrics does not support nor control any related videos in the sidebar, these are placed by Youtube. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.

Graft vs. host disease is a rare disease, a complication of bone marrow transplantation. In this video, Mayo Clinic hematologist Dr. Shahrukh Hashmi describes the condition and Mayo Clinic's unique approach to prevent and treat the condition.
To request an appointment, visit http://www.mayoclinic.org/departments-centers/transplant-center/sections/request-appointment/ptc-20203893?mc_id=us&utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=sm&utm_content=video&utm_campaign=mayoclinic&geo=national&placementsite=enterprise&cauid=100504

published:29 May 2013

views:10305

This video will cover the basics of hyperacute, acute, chronic, and graft vs host disease.

published:31 May 2013

views:36330

Dr. Julia Lehman, Associate Professor of Dermatology at Mayo Clinic, discusses various skin changes that may occur following blood and marrow stem cell transplantation (BMT), such as acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, medication reactions, and infectious rashes. Dr. Lehman discusses the multidisciplinary care team approach at Mayo Clinic and how specialists work together to optimize and customize treatments for patients who develop skin changes following BMT.

published:18 Nov 2015

views:1546

In this video, stem cell transplant recipients talk about living with and managing acute GvHD symptoms.

Enlivex aims to become a leading player in treating autoimmune and inflammatory disorders by developing, testing and marketing innovative therapeutic products targeted at indications such as Graft versus HostDisease (GvHD), solid organ transplants, Crohn's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and other autoimmune and inflammatory disorders representing
vast markets. Its proprietary technology - ApoCell™ - was designed to induce immune tolerance.

Graft-versus-host disease

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a rare medical complication following the receipt of transplanted tissue from a genetically different person. GvHD is commonly associated with stem cell or bone marrow transplant but the term also applies to other forms of tissue graft. Immune cells (white blood cells) in the donated tissue (the graft) recognize the recipient (the host) as "foreign." The transplanted immune cells then attack the host's body cells. GvHD can also occur after a blood transfusion if the blood products used have not been irradiated or treated with an approved pathogen reduction system.

Signs and symptoms

In the classical sense, acute graft-versus-host-disease is characterized by selective damage to the liver, skin (rash), mucosa, and the gastrointestinal tract. Newer research indicates that other graft-versus-host-disease target organs include the immune system (the hematopoietic system, e.g., the bone marrow and the thymus) itself, and the lungs in the form of immune-mediated pneumonitis. Biomarkers can be used to identify specific causes of GvHD, such as elafin in the skin. Chronic graft-versus-host-disease also attacks the above organs, but over its long-term course can also cause damage to the connective tissue and exocrine glands.

Transplant rejection

Transplant rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue. Transplant rejection can be lessened by determining the molecular similitude between donor and recipient and by use of immunosuppressant drugs after transplant.

Pretransplant rejection prevention

The first successful organ transplant, performed in 1954 by Joseph Murray, involved identical twins, and so no rejection was observed. Otherwise, the number of mismatched gene variants, namely alleles, encoding cell surface molecules called major histocompatibility complex (MHC), classes I and II, correlate with the rapidity and severity of transplant rejection. In humans MHC is also called human leukocyte antigen (HLA).

Though cytotoxic-crossmatch assay can predict rejection mediated by cellular immunity, genetic-expression tests specific to the organ type to be transplanted, for instance AlloMap Molecular Expression Testing, have a high negative predictive value. Transplanting only ABO-compatible grafts, matching blood groups between donor and recipient, helps prevent rejection mediated by humoral immunity.

Mayo Clinic

Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit medical practice and medical research group based in Rochester, Minnesota. It is the first and largest integrated nonprofit medical group practice in the world, employing more than 3,800 physicians and scientists and 50,900 allied health staff. The practice specializes in treating difficult cases through tertiary care. It spends over $500 million a year on research.

Dr. William Worrall Mayo settled his family in Rochester in 1864 and opened a medical practice that evolved under his sons into Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic is widely regarded as one of the world's greatest hospitals and ranked No. 1 on the 2014–2015 U.S. News & World Report List of "Best Hospitals", maintaining a position near the top for more than 20 years. It has been on the list of America's "100 Best Companies to Work For" published by Fortune magazine for eight consecutive years. It continued to achieve this ranking through 2015.

In addition to their flagship hospital in Rochester, the Mayo Clinic has major campuses in Arizona and Florida. The Mayo Clinic Health System also operates affiliated facilities throughout Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa.

Disease

A disease is a particular abnormal condition, a disorder of a structure or function, that affects part or all of an organism. The causal study of disease is called pathology. Disease is often construed as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by factors originally from an external source, such as infectious disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases. In humans, "disease" is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes pain, dysfunction, distress, social problems, or death to the person afflicted, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. In this broader sense, it sometimes includes injuries, disabilities, disorders, syndromes, infections, isolated symptoms, deviant behaviors, and atypical variations of structure and function, while in other contexts and for other purposes these may be considered distinguishable categories. Diseases usually affect people not only physically, but also emotionally, as contracting and living with a disease can alter one's perspective on life, and one's personality.

What is GVHD?

This animated video describes graft-versus-host disease, a common side effect of an allogeneic transplant

12:31

Transplant Rejection, Hyperacute Acute Chronic Graft versus Host

Transplant Rejection, Hyperacute Acute Chronic Graft versus Host

Transplant Rejection, Hyperacute Acute Chronic Graft versus Host

http://www.stomponstep1.com/transplant-rejection-hyperacute-acute-chronic-graft-versus-host/
SKIP AHEAD:
0:29 – Definition and Introduction to Organ Transplantation
1:50 – Intro to Transplant Rejection
5:00 – The high yield table
6:38 – Hyperacute Rejection
8:22 – Acute Rejection
9:03 – Chronic Rejection
10:34 – Graft vs. HostDisease
Organ Transplantation is the replacement of dysfunctional tissue with healthy tissue from “somewhere” else. An individual can receive an organ donation from an animal (such as a pig heart valve) or “donate” tissue to themselves by moving healthy tissue from one part of their body to another (such as skin grafting). However, almost all Step 1 questions are about transplantation from one human to another individual who is not a twin. This type of transplant is known as an Allograft. The donor may be living or recently deceased. A wide variety of tissues can be transplanted, but our discussion will focus primarily on functional organs that require vascular connections like the heart, kidney and liver (not structural tissue like tendons). Blood transfusion is a type of transplant that will be covered in more depth in the Hematology section.
When the organ donor is not the recipient themselves or a genetically identical twin, the immune response to the new organ becomes extremely important to prognosis. The grafted tissue expresses antigens that are not present in the host and these antigens are recognized as foreign. The immune system reacts as if the donated tissue is an infectious microbe and attacks the graft. The immune system needs to be kept in check to allow the organ to be moved successfully into the recipient. Transplant Rejection is when there is not immunologic tolerance to the new organ and the host’s immune system damages the transplanted tissue. The damage is often most evident in the vessels of the donated tissue where antigens lining the endothelium come into contact with the immune cells circulating in the hosts blood. Following organ transplantation, patients need to be monitored closely for the onset of symptoms related to dysfunction of the transplanted tissue and they will undergo periodic laboratory evaluation in hopes of identifying rejection as quickly as possible. When rejection is suspected a biopsy is usually done to confirm the diagnosis and rule out another disease process.
Hyperacute Transplant Rejection occurs almost immediately and is often evident while you are still in surgery. It is caused by accidental ABOBlood type mismatching of the donor and recipient which almost never happens anymore. This means the host has preformed antibodies against the donated tissue. For example, a recipient with TypeB blood would have pre-made antibodies targeted at the carbohydrates on the blood of a Type A donor. The presence of preformed antibodies is why the reaction takes places so quickly. This is an example of Type II Hypersensitivity and results in thrombosis and occlusion of the graft vessel. The transplanted organ must be removed immediately.
Acute Transplant Rejection is the most common type of rejection and usually has an onset between weeks and months of the transplant. It is a T-Cell mediated response against foreign Major Histocompatibility Complex in the donated organ. Therefore, it is an example of Type IV hypersensitivity. This process results in leukocyte infiltration of the graft vessel. The risk of Acute Rejection can be diminished (but not eliminated) with prophylactic immunosuppression. If identified early Acute Rejection may be able to be treated with immunosuppressants and corticosteroids.
Chronic Transplant Rejection occurs months to years after the transplant. The exact mechanism is not very well understood but it probably involves a combination of Type III and Type IV hypersensitivity directed against the foreign MHC molecules which look like self-MHC presenting a foreign antigen. It results in intimal thickening and fibrosis of graft vessels as well as organ atrophy. Chronic rejection is a slow progressive decline in organ dysfunction while acute rejection is a more rapid decline in function. Chronic Transplant Rejection can be thought of as accelerated aging. There is no treatment available and these patients need to receive a new organ transplant. When Chronic Rejection is suspected a full work up is done to rule out “late onset” Acute Rejection which can be treated.
The text for this video is too long for Youtube and exceeds the maximum allowed video description length. To read the rest of it please click here http://www.stomponstep1.com/transplant-rejection-hyperacute-acute-chronic-graft-versus-host/

"Graft-Versus-Host Disease" by Christine Duncan for OPENPediatrics

Please visit: www.openpediatrics.org
OPENPediatrics™ is an interactive digital learning platform for healthcare clinicians sponsored by Boston Children's Hospital and in collaboration with the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. It is designed to promote the exchange of knowledge between healthcare providers around the world caring for critically ill children in all resource settings. The content includes internationally recognized experts teaching the full range of topics on the care of critically ill children. All content is peer-reviewed and open access-and thus at no expense to the user.
For further information on how to enroll, please email: openpediatrics@childrens.harvard.edu
Please note: OPENPediatrics does not support nor control any related videos in the sidebar, these are placed by Youtube. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.

Dr. Julia Lehman, Associate Professor of Dermatology at Mayo Clinic, discusses various skin changes that may occur following blood and marrow stem cell transplantation (BMT), such as acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, medication reactions, and infectious rashes. Dr. Lehman discusses the multidisciplinary care team approach at Mayo Clinic and how specialists work together to optimize and customize treatments for patients who develop skin changes following BMT.

6:05

Patient Insight - Acute GVHD After Transplant

Patient Insight - Acute GVHD After Transplant

Patient Insight - Acute GVHD After Transplant

In this video, stem cell transplant recipients talk about living with and managing acute GvHD symptoms.

Graft vs host

Enlivex Therapeutics Ltd.

Enlivex aims to become a leading player in treating autoimmune and inflammatory disorders by developing, testing and marketing innovative therapeutic products targeted at indications such as Graft versus HostDisease (GvHD), solid organ transplants, Crohn's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and other autoimmune and inflammatory disorders representing
vast markets. Its proprietary technology - ApoCell™ - was designed to induce immune tolerance.

Diseases of Immunity: GVHD

https://www.linkedin.com/in/munizjnrn
Today I will be presenting information on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as it pertains to my current topic of study, diseases of immunity. I have presented a case study along with research that supports the pathophysiology, targets, presentations, prevention, and treatment of GVHD.

What is GVHD?

This animated video describes graft-versus-host disease, a common side effect of an allogeneic transplant

published: 22 Jan 2016

Transplant Rejection, Hyperacute Acute Chronic Graft versus Host

http://www.stomponstep1.com/transplant-rejection-hyperacute-acute-chronic-graft-versus-host/
SKIP AHEAD:
0:29 – Definition and Introduction to Organ Transplantation
1:50 – Intro to Transplant Rejection
5:00 – The high yield table
6:38 – Hyperacute Rejection
8:22 – Acute Rejection
9:03 – Chronic Rejection
10:34 – Graft vs. HostDisease
Organ Transplantation is the replacement of dysfunctional tissue with healthy tissue from “somewhere” else. An individual can receive an organ donation from an animal (such as a pig heart valve) or “donate” tissue to themselves by moving healthy tissue from one part of their body to another (such as skin grafting). However, almost all Step 1 questions are about transplantation from one human to another individual who is not a twin. This type of transplant is...

published: 29 Dec 2014

Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)

"Graft-Versus-Host Disease" by Christine Duncan for OPENPediatrics

Please visit: www.openpediatrics.org
OPENPediatrics™ is an interactive digital learning platform for healthcare clinicians sponsored by Boston Children's Hospital and in collaboration with the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. It is designed to promote the exchange of knowledge between healthcare providers around the world caring for critically ill children in all resource settings. The content includes internationally recognized experts teaching the full range of topics on the care of critically ill children. All content is peer-reviewed and open access-and thus at no expense to the user.
For further information on how to enroll, please email: openpediatrics@childrens.harvard.edu
Please note: OPENPediatrics does not support nor control any related vi...

Hyperacute, Acute, and Chronic Rejection Made Simple!

Dr. Julia Lehman, Associate Professor of Dermatology at Mayo Clinic, discusses various skin changes that may occur following blood and marrow stem cell transplantation (BMT), such as acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, medication reactions, and infectious rashes. Dr. Lehman discusses the multidisciplinary care team approach at Mayo Clinic and how specialists work together to optimize and customize treatments for patients who develop skin changes following BMT.

published: 18 Nov 2015

Patient Insight - Acute GVHD After Transplant

In this video, stem cell transplant recipients talk about living with and managing acute GvHD symptoms.

Graft vs host

Enlivex Therapeutics Ltd.

Enlivex aims to become a leading player in treating autoimmune and inflammatory disorders by developing, testing and marketing innovative therapeutic products targeted at indications such as Graft versus HostDisease (GvHD), solid organ transplants, Crohn's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and other autoimmune and inflammatory disorders representing
vast markets. Its proprietary technology - ApoCell™ - was designed to induce immune tolerance.

Diseases of Immunity: GVHD

https://www.linkedin.com/in/munizjnrn
Today I will be presenting information on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as it pertains to my current topic of study, diseases of immunity. I have presented a case study along with research that supports the pathophysiology, targets, presentations, prevention, and treatment of GVHD.

http://www.stomponstep1.com/transplant-rejection-hyperacute-acute-chronic-graft-versus-host/
SKIP AHEAD:
0:29 – Definition and Introduction to Organ Transplantation
1:50 – Intro to Transplant Rejection
5:00 – The high yield table
6:38 – Hyperacute Rejection
8:22 – Acute Rejection
9:03 – Chronic Rejection
10:34 – Graft vs. HostDisease
Organ Transplantation is the replacement of dysfunctional tissue with healthy tissue from “somewhere” else. An individual can receive an organ donation from an animal (such as a pig heart valve) or “donate” tissue to themselves by moving healthy tissue from one part of their body to another (such as skin grafting). However, almost all Step 1 questions are about transplantation from one human to another individual who is not a twin. This type of transplant is known as an Allograft. The donor may be living or recently deceased. A wide variety of tissues can be transplanted, but our discussion will focus primarily on functional organs that require vascular connections like the heart, kidney and liver (not structural tissue like tendons). Blood transfusion is a type of transplant that will be covered in more depth in the Hematology section.
When the organ donor is not the recipient themselves or a genetically identical twin, the immune response to the new organ becomes extremely important to prognosis. The grafted tissue expresses antigens that are not present in the host and these antigens are recognized as foreign. The immune system reacts as if the donated tissue is an infectious microbe and attacks the graft. The immune system needs to be kept in check to allow the organ to be moved successfully into the recipient. Transplant Rejection is when there is not immunologic tolerance to the new organ and the host’s immune system damages the transplanted tissue. The damage is often most evident in the vessels of the donated tissue where antigens lining the endothelium come into contact with the immune cells circulating in the hosts blood. Following organ transplantation, patients need to be monitored closely for the onset of symptoms related to dysfunction of the transplanted tissue and they will undergo periodic laboratory evaluation in hopes of identifying rejection as quickly as possible. When rejection is suspected a biopsy is usually done to confirm the diagnosis and rule out another disease process.
Hyperacute Transplant Rejection occurs almost immediately and is often evident while you are still in surgery. It is caused by accidental ABOBlood type mismatching of the donor and recipient which almost never happens anymore. This means the host has preformed antibodies against the donated tissue. For example, a recipient with TypeB blood would have pre-made antibodies targeted at the carbohydrates on the blood of a Type A donor. The presence of preformed antibodies is why the reaction takes places so quickly. This is an example of Type II Hypersensitivity and results in thrombosis and occlusion of the graft vessel. The transplanted organ must be removed immediately.
Acute Transplant Rejection is the most common type of rejection and usually has an onset between weeks and months of the transplant. It is a T-Cell mediated response against foreign Major Histocompatibility Complex in the donated organ. Therefore, it is an example of Type IV hypersensitivity. This process results in leukocyte infiltration of the graft vessel. The risk of Acute Rejection can be diminished (but not eliminated) with prophylactic immunosuppression. If identified early Acute Rejection may be able to be treated with immunosuppressants and corticosteroids.
Chronic Transplant Rejection occurs months to years after the transplant. The exact mechanism is not very well understood but it probably involves a combination of Type III and Type IV hypersensitivity directed against the foreign MHC molecules which look like self-MHC presenting a foreign antigen. It results in intimal thickening and fibrosis of graft vessels as well as organ atrophy. Chronic rejection is a slow progressive decline in organ dysfunction while acute rejection is a more rapid decline in function. Chronic Transplant Rejection can be thought of as accelerated aging. There is no treatment available and these patients need to receive a new organ transplant. When Chronic Rejection is suspected a full work up is done to rule out “late onset” Acute Rejection which can be treated.
The text for this video is too long for Youtube and exceeds the maximum allowed video description length. To read the rest of it please click here http://www.stomponstep1.com/transplant-rejection-hyperacute-acute-chronic-graft-versus-host/

http://www.stomponstep1.com/transplant-rejection-hyperacute-acute-chronic-graft-versus-host/
SKIP AHEAD:
0:29 – Definition and Introduction to Organ Transplantation
1:50 – Intro to Transplant Rejection
5:00 – The high yield table
6:38 – Hyperacute Rejection
8:22 – Acute Rejection
9:03 – Chronic Rejection
10:34 – Graft vs. HostDisease
Organ Transplantation is the replacement of dysfunctional tissue with healthy tissue from “somewhere” else. An individual can receive an organ donation from an animal (such as a pig heart valve) or “donate” tissue to themselves by moving healthy tissue from one part of their body to another (such as skin grafting). However, almost all Step 1 questions are about transplantation from one human to another individual who is not a twin. This type of transplant is known as an Allograft. The donor may be living or recently deceased. A wide variety of tissues can be transplanted, but our discussion will focus primarily on functional organs that require vascular connections like the heart, kidney and liver (not structural tissue like tendons). Blood transfusion is a type of transplant that will be covered in more depth in the Hematology section.
When the organ donor is not the recipient themselves or a genetically identical twin, the immune response to the new organ becomes extremely important to prognosis. The grafted tissue expresses antigens that are not present in the host and these antigens are recognized as foreign. The immune system reacts as if the donated tissue is an infectious microbe and attacks the graft. The immune system needs to be kept in check to allow the organ to be moved successfully into the recipient. Transplant Rejection is when there is not immunologic tolerance to the new organ and the host’s immune system damages the transplanted tissue. The damage is often most evident in the vessels of the donated tissue where antigens lining the endothelium come into contact with the immune cells circulating in the hosts blood. Following organ transplantation, patients need to be monitored closely for the onset of symptoms related to dysfunction of the transplanted tissue and they will undergo periodic laboratory evaluation in hopes of identifying rejection as quickly as possible. When rejection is suspected a biopsy is usually done to confirm the diagnosis and rule out another disease process.
Hyperacute Transplant Rejection occurs almost immediately and is often evident while you are still in surgery. It is caused by accidental ABOBlood type mismatching of the donor and recipient which almost never happens anymore. This means the host has preformed antibodies against the donated tissue. For example, a recipient with TypeB blood would have pre-made antibodies targeted at the carbohydrates on the blood of a Type A donor. The presence of preformed antibodies is why the reaction takes places so quickly. This is an example of Type II Hypersensitivity and results in thrombosis and occlusion of the graft vessel. The transplanted organ must be removed immediately.
Acute Transplant Rejection is the most common type of rejection and usually has an onset between weeks and months of the transplant. It is a T-Cell mediated response against foreign Major Histocompatibility Complex in the donated organ. Therefore, it is an example of Type IV hypersensitivity. This process results in leukocyte infiltration of the graft vessel. The risk of Acute Rejection can be diminished (but not eliminated) with prophylactic immunosuppression. If identified early Acute Rejection may be able to be treated with immunosuppressants and corticosteroids.
Chronic Transplant Rejection occurs months to years after the transplant. The exact mechanism is not very well understood but it probably involves a combination of Type III and Type IV hypersensitivity directed against the foreign MHC molecules which look like self-MHC presenting a foreign antigen. It results in intimal thickening and fibrosis of graft vessels as well as organ atrophy. Chronic rejection is a slow progressive decline in organ dysfunction while acute rejection is a more rapid decline in function. Chronic Transplant Rejection can be thought of as accelerated aging. There is no treatment available and these patients need to receive a new organ transplant. When Chronic Rejection is suspected a full work up is done to rule out “late onset” Acute Rejection which can be treated.
The text for this video is too long for Youtube and exceeds the maximum allowed video description length. To read the rest of it please click here http://www.stomponstep1.com/transplant-rejection-hyperacute-acute-chronic-graft-versus-host/

Please visit: www.openpediatrics.org
OPENPediatrics™ is an interactive digital learning platform for healthcare clinicians sponsored by Boston Children's Hospital and in collaboration with the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. It is designed to promote the exchange of knowledge between healthcare providers around the world caring for critically ill children in all resource settings. The content includes internationally recognized experts teaching the full range of topics on the care of critically ill children. All content is peer-reviewed and open access-and thus at no expense to the user.
For further information on how to enroll, please email: openpediatrics@childrens.harvard.edu
Please note: OPENPediatrics does not support nor control any related videos in the sidebar, these are placed by Youtube. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.

Please visit: www.openpediatrics.org
OPENPediatrics™ is an interactive digital learning platform for healthcare clinicians sponsored by Boston Children's Hospital and in collaboration with the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. It is designed to promote the exchange of knowledge between healthcare providers around the world caring for critically ill children in all resource settings. The content includes internationally recognized experts teaching the full range of topics on the care of critically ill children. All content is peer-reviewed and open access-and thus at no expense to the user.
For further information on how to enroll, please email: openpediatrics@childrens.harvard.edu
Please note: OPENPediatrics does not support nor control any related videos in the sidebar, these are placed by Youtube. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.

Dr. Julia Lehman, Associate Professor of Dermatology at Mayo Clinic, discusses various skin changes that may occur following blood and marrow stem cell transplantation (BMT), such as acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, medication reactions, and infectious rashes. Dr. Lehman discusses the multidisciplinary care team approach at Mayo Clinic and how specialists work together to optimize and customize treatments for patients who develop skin changes following BMT.

Dr. Julia Lehman, Associate Professor of Dermatology at Mayo Clinic, discusses various skin changes that may occur following blood and marrow stem cell transplantation (BMT), such as acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, medication reactions, and infectious rashes. Dr. Lehman discusses the multidisciplinary care team approach at Mayo Clinic and how specialists work together to optimize and customize treatments for patients who develop skin changes following BMT.

Enlivex Therapeutics Ltd.

Enlivex aims to become a leading player in treating autoimmune and inflammatory disorders by developing, testing and marketing innovative therapeutic products t...

Enlivex aims to become a leading player in treating autoimmune and inflammatory disorders by developing, testing and marketing innovative therapeutic products targeted at indications such as Graft versus HostDisease (GvHD), solid organ transplants, Crohn's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and other autoimmune and inflammatory disorders representing
vast markets. Its proprietary technology - ApoCell™ - was designed to induce immune tolerance.

Enlivex aims to become a leading player in treating autoimmune and inflammatory disorders by developing, testing and marketing innovative therapeutic products targeted at indications such as Graft versus HostDisease (GvHD), solid organ transplants, Crohn's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and other autoimmune and inflammatory disorders representing
vast markets. Its proprietary technology - ApoCell™ - was designed to induce immune tolerance.

Diseases of Immunity: GVHD

https://www.linkedin.com/in/munizjnrn
Today I will be presenting information on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as it pertains to my current topic of study, d...

https://www.linkedin.com/in/munizjnrn
Today I will be presenting information on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as it pertains to my current topic of study, diseases of immunity. I have presented a case study along with research that supports the pathophysiology, targets, presentations, prevention, and treatment of GVHD.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/munizjnrn
Today I will be presenting information on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as it pertains to my current topic of study, diseases of immunity. I have presented a case study along with research that supports the pathophysiology, targets, presentations, prevention, and treatment of GVHD.

"Graft-Versus-Host Disease" by Christine Duncan for OPENPediatrics

Please visit: www.openpediatrics.org
OPENPediatrics™ is an interactive digital learning platform for healthcare clinicians sponsored by Boston Children's Hospital and in collaboration with the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. It is designed to promote the exchange of knowledge between healthcare providers around the world caring for critically ill children in all resource settings. The content includes internationally recognized experts teaching the full range of topics on the care of critically ill children. All content is peer-reviewed and open access-and thus at no expense to the user.
For further information on how to enroll, please email: openpediatrics@childrens.harvard.edu
Please note: OPENPediatrics does not support nor control any related vi...

Please visit: www.openpediatrics.org
OPENPediatrics™ is an interactive digital learning platform for healthcare clinicians sponsored by Boston Children's Hospital and in collaboration with the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. It is designed to promote the exchange of knowledge between healthcare providers around the world caring for critically ill children in all resource settings. The content includes internationally recognized experts teaching the full range of topics on the care of critically ill children. All content is peer-reviewed and open access-and thus at no expense to the user.
For further information on how to enroll, please email: openpediatrics@childrens.harvard.edu
Please note: OPENPediatrics does not support nor control any related videos in the sidebar, these are placed by Youtube. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.

Please visit: www.openpediatrics.org
OPENPediatrics™ is an interactive digital learning platform for healthcare clinicians sponsored by Boston Children's Hospital and in collaboration with the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. It is designed to promote the exchange of knowledge between healthcare providers around the world caring for critically ill children in all resource settings. The content includes internationally recognized experts teaching the full range of topics on the care of critically ill children. All content is peer-reviewed and open access-and thus at no expense to the user.
For further information on how to enroll, please email: openpediatrics@childrens.harvard.edu
Please note: OPENPediatrics does not support nor control any related videos in the sidebar, these are placed by Youtube. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.

Transplant Rejection, Hyperacute Acute Chronic Graft versus Host

http://www.stomponstep1.com/transplant-rejection-hyperacute-acute-chronic-graft-versus-host/
SKIP AHEAD:
0:29 – Definition and Introduction to Organ Transplantation
1:50 – Intro to Transplant Rejection
5:00 – The high yield table
6:38 – Hyperacute Rejection
8:22 – Acute Rejection
9:03 – Chronic Rejection
10:34 – Graft vs. HostDisease
Organ Transplantation is the replacement of dysfunctional tissue with healthy tissue from “somewhere” else. An individual can receive an organ donation from an animal (such as a pig heart valve) or “donate” tissue to themselves by moving healthy tissue from one part of their body to another (such as skin grafting). However, almost all Step 1 questions are about transplantation from one human to another individual who is not a twin. This type of transplant is known as an Allograft. The donor may be living or recently deceased. A wide variety of tissues can be transplanted, but our discussion will focus primarily on functional organs that require vascular connections like the heart, kidney and liver (not structural tissue like tendons). Blood transfusion is a type of transplant that will be covered in more depth in the Hematology section.
When the organ donor is not the recipient themselves or a genetically identical twin, the immune response to the new organ becomes extremely important to prognosis. The grafted tissue expresses antigens that are not present in the host and these antigens are recognized as foreign. The immune system reacts as if the donated tissue is an infectious microbe and attacks the graft. The immune system needs to be kept in check to allow the organ to be moved successfully into the recipient. Transplant Rejection is when there is not immunologic tolerance to the new organ and the host’s immune system damages the transplanted tissue. The damage is often most evident in the vessels of the donated tissue where antigens lining the endothelium come into contact with the immune cells circulating in the hosts blood. Following organ transplantation, patients need to be monitored closely for the onset of symptoms related to dysfunction of the transplanted tissue and they will undergo periodic laboratory evaluation in hopes of identifying rejection as quickly as possible. When rejection is suspected a biopsy is usually done to confirm the diagnosis and rule out another disease process.
Hyperacute Transplant Rejection occurs almost immediately and is often evident while you are still in surgery. It is caused by accidental ABOBlood type mismatching of the donor and recipient which almost never happens anymore. This means the host has preformed antibodies against the donated tissue. For example, a recipient with TypeB blood would have pre-made antibodies targeted at the carbohydrates on the blood of a Type A donor. The presence of preformed antibodies is why the reaction takes places so quickly. This is an example of Type II Hypersensitivity and results in thrombosis and occlusion of the graft vessel. The transplanted organ must be removed immediately.
Acute Transplant Rejection is the most common type of rejection and usually has an onset between weeks and months of the transplant. It is a T-Cell mediated response against foreign Major Histocompatibility Complex in the donated organ. Therefore, it is an example of Type IV hypersensitivity. This process results in leukocyte infiltration of the graft vessel. The risk of Acute Rejection can be diminished (but not eliminated) with prophylactic immunosuppression. If identified early Acute Rejection may be able to be treated with immunosuppressants and corticosteroids.
Chronic Transplant Rejection occurs months to years after the transplant. The exact mechanism is not very well understood but it probably involves a combination of Type III and Type IV hypersensitivity directed against the foreign MHC molecules which look like self-MHC presenting a foreign antigen. It results in intimal thickening and fibrosis of graft vessels as well as organ atrophy. Chronic rejection is a slow progressive decline in organ dysfunction while acute rejection is a more rapid decline in function. Chronic Transplant Rejection can be thought of as accelerated aging. There is no treatment available and these patients need to receive a new organ transplant. When Chronic Rejection is suspected a full work up is done to rule out “late onset” Acute Rejection which can be treated.
The text for this video is too long for Youtube and exceeds the maximum allowed video description length. To read the rest of it please click here http://www.stomponstep1.com/transplant-rejection-hyperacute-acute-chronic-graft-versus-host/

"Graft-Versus-Host Disease" by Christine Duncan for OPENPediatrics

Please visit: www.openpediatrics.org
OPENPediatrics™ is an interactive digital learning platform for healthcare clinicians sponsored by Boston Children's Hospital and in collaboration with the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. It is designed to promote the exchange of knowledge between healthcare providers around the world caring for critically ill children in all resource settings. The content includes internationally recognized experts teaching the full range of topics on the care of critically ill children. All content is peer-reviewed and open access-and thus at no expense to the user.
For further information on how to enroll, please email: openpediatrics@childrens.harvard.edu
Please note: OPENPediatrics does not support nor control any related videos in the sidebar, these are placed by Youtube. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.

1:00:28

Introduction to Chronic Graft versus Host Disease

2016 Celebrating a Second Chance at Life Survivorship Symposium
Workshop: Introduction to ...

Dr. Julia Lehman, Associate Professor of Dermatology at Mayo Clinic, discusses various skin changes that may occur following blood and marrow stem cell transplantation (BMT), such as acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, medication reactions, and infectious rashes. Dr. Lehman discusses the multidisciplinary care team approach at Mayo Clinic and how specialists work together to optimize and customize treatments for patients who develop skin changes following BMT.

6:05

Patient Insight - Acute GVHD After Transplant

In this video, stem cell transplant recipients talk about living with and managing acute G...

Enlivex Therapeutics Ltd.

Enlivex aims to become a leading player in treating autoimmune and inflammatory disorders by developing, testing and marketing innovative therapeutic products targeted at indications such as Graft versus HostDisease (GvHD), solid organ transplants, Crohn's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and other autoimmune and inflammatory disorders representing
vast markets. Its proprietary technology - ApoCell™ - was designed to induce immune tolerance.

"Graft-Versus-Host Disease" by Christine Duncan for OPENPediatrics

Please visit: www.openpediatrics.org
OPENPediatrics™ is an interactive digital learning platform for healthcare clinicians sponsored by Boston Children's Hospital and in collaboration with the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. It is designed to promote the exchange of knowledge between healthcare providers around the world caring for critically ill children in all resource settings. The content includes internationally recognized experts teaching the full range of topics on the care of critically ill children. All content is peer-reviewed and open access-and thus at no expense to the user.
For further information on how to enroll, please email: openpediatrics@childrens.harvard.edu
Please note: OPENPediatrics does not support nor control any related videos in the sidebar, these are placed by Youtube. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.

1:00:28

Introduction to Chronic Graft versus Host Disease

2016 Celebrating a Second Chance at Life Survivorship Symposium
Workshop: Introduction to ...

T-Cell Depletion: Its evolution as a method for pr...

Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Solid Organ Transp...

TAGVH (11/23/2013)...

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