posterior fleshy aspect of the lower leg, including the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles

calf band

connection between side bars at level of the calf

calf corset

circumferential calf shell in an orthosis

caliper, calliper (O&P)

outdated term for a specific orthosis (externally applied device used to modify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuro muscular and skeletal systems)

caliper, calliper (tech.)

instrument for measuring the precise distance between two points

Canadian Hip Disarticulation Prosthesis

prosthesis for person with hip disarticulation

cancer

malignant and undifferentiated growth of cells

cancerogenous

causing cancer

cane

walking stick

cap band

finishing element of trim lines, brims of corsets

carbon fiber

high modulus, low weight fibre mainly made by carbonising polyacrylonitrile fibres at high temperature

carbon fibre foot

energy returning prosthetic foot

cardanic

two axes, aligned in 90 degrees toward each other

cardanic joint

mechanical jointed linkage between two shafts, permitting rotation combined with transfer of torque; simultaneously permitting flexing in two planes of the joint around their longitudinal axes

cardiac

pertaining to the heart (as: cardiac infarct?)

cardiac infarct

myocardial infarction: cardiac tissue that is dying due to lack of oxygen

cardiorespiratory function

pertaining to or affecting both the heart and the lungs and their function

cardiovascular

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

care, the

attention and management implying responsibility for safety, as care of a sick person

care, to

to manage implying responsibility for safety, as caring for a sick person

carve

shaping by taking material off (chipping off, sanding off)

cast (negative, concave)

mold: container into which liquid is poured to create the given shape once it hardens; plaster cast

cast (positive, convex)

positive (plaster or similar) mold

cast modification

process of modifying the positive model obtained by filling a negative cast in order to obtain a shape that specifies the whole or part of the form of the final prosthesis or orthosis

cast removal

removal of plaster bandage from a poured plaster cast

cast taking

acquisition and recording of all information required to construct the prosthesis (orthosis) by taking negative casts of the body segments

caster

freely moving front wheels at a wheel chair

casting and measurement taking

acquisition and recording of all information required to construct the prosthesis (orthosis) by means that may include the preparation of diagrams, tracing, measurements and negative casts of the body segments

localized protective response to infection or injurycharacterized by pain, swelling, redness and heat and limited function

infra?.

Latin,under or below

inguinal hernia

protrusion of intra-abdominal organ through the inguinal canal

inguinal truss

orthosis for inguinal hernia

initial swing

subphase of the gait cycle that starts when the foot leaves the ground and ends when the leg achieves maximum knee flexion

injury

trauma to a body part by an external force

inpatient

person who has been admitted to hospital or treatment center and stays overnight

insensate

lacking sensation

insole

type of foot orthosis

insoluble

does not dissolve in liquid

instability

tendency of a skeletal joint whose integrity is impaired to change to an abnormal alignment when subjected tomuscle forces and/or external loading

instruction

transfer of information, knowledge and/or skill

instruction for user (IFU)

printed user instruction

insufficiency

condition of being inadequate

integration

bringing together a number of parts to form a whole; in rehabilitation the act of bringing a disabled person into society

inter?

between

interface

contact surface between a body segment and an O&P device

interface components (of orthoses)

orthosis interface components in direct contact with the user that transmit forces between the orthosis and the user and may retain the orthosis in place (shells, pads, straps, foot orthoses and shoes)

interface components (of prostheses)

interface components of prostheses are in direct contact with the wearer: they are the means of achieving support, stabilization and suspension: they include the socket and suspensory components

interim prosthesis

temporary prosthesis intended to prepare the user for the supply of a definitive prosthesis

control mechanism of a prosthetic or orthotic functional component that fixes the component at a particular angle; activation of the mechanism may be manual or automatic

lock & shuttle

(mechanically activated/deactivated) system locking/suspending a liner inside a socket

locomotion

self-propelled movement ; e.g. walking or running

locomotion system

system of bones, joints, muscles serving locomotion

longitudinal

in lengthwise direction

longitudinal deficiency

aberration of the formation of parts of the long axis of the limb so that some bones may be partially or totally absent , while others situated more distally are present

longitudinally split

parted in longitudinal direction (e.g. prosthetic foot)

loose knee joint, m-l-instability

instability caused by lack of ligament control or joint wear

lordosis

anterior curvature of lumbar and cervical spine

low level technology

simplest and "lowest" solution to a given technical problem

lower arm

forearm, arm below the elbow joint

lower back

lumbo-sacral area of the back

lower extremity orthoses

orthosis applied to whole or part of the lower limb

lower leg

shank, leg below the knee joint

lower limb prosthesis

prosthesis used to replace whole or part of the lower limb

LSO

Lumbo-Sacral Orthosis: orthosis that encompasses the whole or part of the lumbar and sacro-iliac regions of the trunk

lubricant

grease-like agents reducing friction

lubricant

agent used to reduce friction

lumbar region

central part of the trunk, between the ribs and the pelvis, associated with the five lumbar vertebrae

lumbo-sacral orthosis (LSO)

spinal orthosis encompassing the lumbar and sacral regions of the trunk

lymphatic system

network of small vessels, valves, nodes and organs, that convey intercellular fluid back to the venous system: helps to protect and maintain the body's fluid environment by producing, filtering and conveying lymphatic fluid (lymph)

lymphatic tissue

tissue making up the lymphatic system

M

m-l (measurement)

measurement perpendicular to the long axis of a segment(s) in the coronal plane

m-l instability

instability in the coronal plane

machining

shaping a material by machine

magnet

metal device having the property to attract or repel iron or other magnetic material

magnetic

having the properties of a magnet

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

imaging technique using radio frequency within a magnetic field

magnetism

having the property of attracting or repelling iron or other magnetic material

magneto-rheologic

referring to a fluid containing particles withmagneticproperties

magneto-rheologic knee joint

prosthetic knee joint with a hydraulic control system whose properties are changed by the application of a magnetic field.

maimed

damaged in form or function by trauma

maintenance

taking regular care of an object

major amputation

amputation through the ankle or higher

male

the ?man? species in a creature (opposite: female)

malformation

deformity resulting from defective fetal development

malignant

tending to get progressively worse and to result in death

manual (adj.)

in relation to the hand

manual, the (noun)

printed matter regarding technical products; Book, telling how to install, do or operate, repair or maintain a product or system

marking punch

steel marking tool with a conical tip

mass

the quantity of matter of an object

mastectomy

surgical removal of female breast

maturation

process of mental, physical, or emotional development; in prosthetics: the process whereby the shape and condition of the tissues of the stump become stable.

mature

having gone through the process of maturation

MAUCH? joint

prosthetic hydraulic knee joint

MDD (Medical Device Directive)

EC regulation regarding medical products

measure, the (noun)

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

measure, to (verb)

to determine the extent, size or quantity

measurement

extent, size , or quantityascertained by measuring

measuring

method of identifying important design criteria in O&P

measuring tool

tools to take measurements of objects with

mechanical stress

result of the application of a mechanical force to an object

mechanics

science dealing with the motion of bodies; divided into statics and dynamics

mechanics (bio-)

the application of mechanics to the body

medial

toward the mid-line

medical

pertaining to the science of medicine

Medical Device Directive (MDD)

EC-regulation regarding medical products

medical hosiery

medical compression stockings (phlebology)

medical staff

employees of the medical care professions

memory

a recollection; ability to remember

meningomyelocele

congenital herniation of the meninges and neurological structures

metabolic

pertaining to metabolism

metabolism

process whereby energy is made available for the use of tissues

metacarpals

long bones between the wrist and the fingers

metal band

the m-l connection between orthotic side bars (calf band etc.)

metatarsal

long bones between the tarsal bones and the toes

methodology

set of procedures and techniques used to perform a particular activity

microcellular

pertaining to the content of cells

mid level technology

appropriate and economic solution to a technical problem

mid stance

subphase of the stance phase of the gait cyclethat starts when the contralateral limb begins swing phase and ends when the heel leaves the ground

mid swing

subphase of the swing phase of the gait cycle that starts when the knee joint begins to extend and ends when the hip joint reaches maximum flexion; middle of the swing phase of human gait

mill

machine tool for shaping of material by chipping/cutting action

milling

shaping material by chipping/cutting action

MILWAUKEE brace

type of a spinal orthosis for scoliosis treatment

MINERVA brace

cervico-cranial orthosis

minor amputation

amputation below the ankle level (Enneroth et al 1996)

mobility

the ability to change body position or location

mobility aid

device enabling or assisting mobility

mobilization

the process of making a joint or a person mobile

model

three-dimensional shape: used as a basis for design of sockets, shells, cuffs, corsets etc.

model modification

process of changing a model from its anatomical shape to a functional biomechanical shape; also called model rectification

model rectification

process of changing a model from its anatomical shape to a functional biomechanical shape; also called model modification

modification

process of modifying the positive model obtained by filling a negative cast in order to obtain a shape that specifies the whole or part ofthe form of the final prosthesis or orthosis

modular (adj); module (n)

composed of several parts (modules) that are designed to be joined together

externally applied device used to modify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuro muscular and skeletal systemsexternally applied device used to compensate for impairments of the neuromuscular and skeletal systems

orthotic (adj.)

pertaining to orthoses

orthotic band

(orthotic) interface component: a stiff narrow shell

orthotic components

components used in the construction of external orthoses. They include interface, articulating, structural and cosmetic components

orthotics

science and art involved in treating patients by the use of orthoses

orthotist

person, who having completed an approved course of education and training, is authorized by an appropriate national authority to design, measure and fit orthoses

deformity where the application of an external force will prevent an unstable skeletal segment or jointmoving into an abnormal alignment

previous

before

previously amputated

pertaining to a secondary or second amputation

primary amputation

first amputation

processing

further modification of an unfinished material/product

professional organisation

association following professional aspects and interests

progressive

advancing in extent or severity as "progressive muscle dystrophy"

progressive muscle dystrophy

advancing genetic muscle disease

pronation

rotation of hand or foot in long axis facing outwards or dorsally

prone

laying face downward

proprioception

sensation of spatial position or motion of a body part

propulsion

the force that drives something forward

propulsion rims

hand rims on the drive wheel of wheel chairs

prospective study

study following the researched cases in real time (opposite to retrospective studies, which are based on filed data)

prosthesis

externally applied device used to replace wholly, or in part, an absent or deficient limb segment

prosthetic (adj.)

pertaining to prostheses (adj.), NOT AN ARTIFICIAL LIMB !

prosthetic (orthotic) assessment

review of the overall condition of the patient by those involved in the treatment and the recommendation by the prosthetist (orthotist) of the components and clinical fitting procedures best suited to the circumstances of that patient

prosthetic (orthotic) casting and measurement

acquisition and recording of all information required to construct the prosthesis (orthosis) by means that may include the preparation of diagrams, tracing, measurements and negative casts of the body segments

prosthetic alignment

establishment of the position in space of the components of the prosthesis or orthosis relative to one another and to the patient

process of modifying the positive model, obtained by filling a negative cast, to obtain a shape that specifies the whole or part of the form of the final prosthesis or orthosis; general: correction of a mistake

reduction

deformity for which the application of an external force system will improve the alignment of an skeletal segment or joint

redundancy

presence of more than one identical item; repetition of a presentation with different words but identical content

reference line

defined guide-line used to assemble prostheses

reflex

unconsciously controlled, automatic neuromuscular action

regulation (admin.)

an authoritative rule having the force of law dealing with details or procedures for implementing governmental programs

prosthetic functional component designed to reduce the torque by allowing rotation in the transverse plane; component designed to allow the segment of the prosthesis distal to the rotator to be positioned in the transverse plane (turntable)