Graduate Courses

ARCH 6040. Human Osteology
The human skeleton reflects genetic environmental and cultural
influences. This course stresses the identification of individual
bones in the skeleton, techniques for obtaining size and shape
differences both in individual bones and the entire skeleton,
estimation of group numbers and death rates, and diagnosis of
disease and other abnormal conditions. Use of these techniques
provides a means of assessing all of these influences on past human
populations.

ARCH 6095. Advanced Studies in
Ethnohistory. (same as Hist 6095). This course will be
taught in a lecture format and will trace the ethnohistory of North
American Native peoples from European contact to the loss of their
independence. The course will focus upon Northeastern North America
from what is now New York-New England, to the eastern Arctic,
although examples from further south will also be discussed. For
most of the peoples studied, the time frame will encompass the
period from about 1500 to the end of the 18th century. In the case
of the eastern Arctic and Subarctic, the time period will extend to
the 19th century.

ARCH 6151.
Paleoethnobotany. A directed readings/laboratory course
concerning the recovery and analysis of archaeobotanical remains.
Readings will focus on recent advances in paleoethnobotanical
research. The laboratory component will involve the identification
and interpretation of recently recovered specimens from an
archaeological site in the Atlantic region. Each student will
expected to compile an annotated bibliography based on assigned
readings and produce a short research report based on laboratory
work.

ARCH 6181. Palaeoeskimo Cultures
of the Eastern Arctic. This is a reading course designed to
familiarize the student with the research problems and culture
history of the eastern Arctic, with an emphasis on the theoretical
context of each topic. Each week the student will be responsible
for a set of readings which he or she will report on in the regular
weekly meeting. The student will write a half page to one page
abstract of each reading, which will be passed in on the meeting
following the discussion of that topic. Each abstract should
summarize the research question, the theoretical orientation (if
any), and the results of the paper or monograph; the student is
strongly encouraged to add critical evaluation. Collectively, these
abstracts or summaries will constitute an annotated bibliography,
on which the grade will be based.

ARCH 6187. Readings in Maritime
Provinces Prehistory. A directed readings course on the
prehistory of the Maritime Provinces and adjacent areas of Maine.
Selected topics that will include (1) aspects of the regional
geology that are relevant to cultural adaptation in this region
(e.g., glacial retreat and changes in climate, forest regimes and
sea level) (2) the earliest human presence in the region and
evidence for megafauna exploitation (3) the diversity of Archaic
Indian cultures in the region in terms of their distribution,
interactions, technology and social systems (4) biological
anthropology of the prehistoric native populations (5) the
potential of prehistoric shell midden sites as sources of
information on maritime adaptation, site seasonality and dietary
composition (6) the transition from Late Archaic to Early Ceramic,
in terms of significant changes in subsistence practices and
technology and (7) the prehistoric roots of sociopolitical
organization and cultural complexity among the protohistoric and
historic Micmac.

ARCH 6189.
Palaeopathology. This course focuses on the understanding of
the bio-mechanics of disease development in light of
epidemiological evidence. Both endemic and epidemic diseases will
be considered. Topics will cover host (intrinsic) factors and
environmental (extrinsic) factors as they relate to the increased
frequency of specific diseases. Case studies on specific diseases,
such as syphilis, tuberculosis and leprosy, will be employed to
exemplify the multiplicity of factors or interacting causes of a
given disease. The role of palaeopathology in gathering
epidemiological evidence from the past and evidence on changes of
disease through time will be discussed.

ARCH 6191. Approaches to Early
Modern Material Culture. The course is designed to train
students in the identification and analysis of the material culture
of the early modern North American world (i.e., 1500-1800). We will
consider various classes of artifacts, including metals, wood,
ceramics, clay tobacco pipes, glass and clothing. Through the
course, students will work with the artifact collection to
familiarize themselves with each class of artifact. At successive
stages of the course students will be expected to expand their
skills in library research, artifact illustration and
interpretation.

ARCH 6192. Conservation Method and
Theory. This course is designed to introduce students to the
processes of deterioration, methods of preservation of
archaeological materials as well as to principles and techniques of
field conservation. The course consists of three four-week sections
that (1) introduce students to techniques for identifying materials
commonly found in archaeological excavations and to basic
techniques of field conservation, (2) consider the deterioration
and field conservation of these materials and (3) provide hands-on
laboratory experience.

ARCH 6290. Newfoundland and
Labrador Prehistory. A seminar and reading course on the
culture history of Newfoundland and Labrador from about 9,000 years
ago until the time of European settlement. Particular attention
will be paid to the interactions among the several ethnic and
cultural groups upon whose history this course focusses.

ARCH 6310. Economic Analysis in
Archaeology. This is a seminar course in which various
books/papers are evaluated and the issues discussed. Some of these
topics are: the various concepts of 'economy' which are employed by
archaeologists and their theoretical and methodological
implications; on-site and off-site methods of reconstructing,
understanding, and predicting past economic systems; processes of
economic change and how these apply to various environmental
situations.

ARCH 6320.
Ethnoarchaeology. Ethnoarchaeology is a growing subfield of
archaeology that focuses on the use of recent ethnographic
information for interpreting and explaining past human behaviour
and organization. Ethnoarchaeological fieldwork involves informant
interviews, active participation, still photography, videotaping
and the excavation of recent abandoned activity areas and
structures. Such contemporary ethnographic descriptions produced by
archaeologists are believed to be sensitive to the kinds of
variability and spatial patterning of material culture recovered
from prehistoric sites. In practice, archaeologically relevant data
(i.e., on familiar objects, features and processes) collected in
ongoing areas are used to generate ethnographic models, which are
assumed to be comparable to those generated from archaeological
data, for the development of testable hypotheses concerning
archaeological phenomena.

ARCH 6330. Archaeological Field
Conservation. This course will give practical on site field
training for students and graduates of Art Conservation programs.
Students will be required to work a regular work week for the
duration of the six week course. A series of lectures will be held
that will address the past and current theoretical approaches of
field conservation. Participants will also be instructed on the
materials, manufacturing techniques and deterioration of excavated
artifacts. The last week will focus on field support for fragile
objects and packing for transport back to the main conservation
facility.

ARCH 6409. History of
Archaeology. This course consists of an intensive study of
the emergence and maturation of archaeology as a discipline within
the social sciences, particularly in North America and Western
Europe, in the 19th and 20th centuries. The history of archaeology
is often presented as little more than the development of new
techniques of excavation and analysis, major discoveries that have
attracted public interest, and the gradual improvement of our
understanding on the past. The present course will focus instead on
the evolution of basic theoretical concepts that underlie the
discipline and their relationship to contemporary theoretical and
philosophical developments in the sciences, social sciences and
philosophical developments in the sciences, social sciences and
humanities. There is no appropriate central text for the course;
students will be guided through an extensive reading list of
archaeological project reports and synthetic articles.

ARCH 6411. Theory and Method in
Archaeology and Prehistory. A seminar course focussing on
recent theoretical and methodological developments in
archaeological research.

ARCH 6500. Special Topics in
Historical Archaeology. The course will explore the analysis
and interpretation of European and North American artifact
assemblages of the early modern period (1500 to 1800). This course
assumes familiarity with shifts in artifact typologies over several
centuries and is designed to place these changes in historical and
anthropological context. Prerequisite: ARCH 6191.

ARCH 6680-6699. Special Topics in
Archaeology and Prehistory.

ARCH 6700-6701. Interpretative
Methods in Archaeology and Interpretive Methods in Historical
Archaeology. The Archaeology Unit requires graduate students
to complete one of these seminar courses that feature the
interpretative methods applicable to the two major subfields of
prehistoric and historical archaeology. Archaeologists have
developed a wide variety of methods for making sense of
archaeological data. The latter includes raw empirical data on
artifacts, ecofacts, human remains, features, and components, as
well as the classes defined by these data, such as artifact types,
minimum numbers of individuals, and numbers of inferred vessels.
Interpretative methods allow the archaeologist to move from these
data to a consideration of past populations, site formation, and
past environments; from components to archaeological cultures;
features and activity areas to settlement and mobility patterns;
bones, seeds, and residues to past diet, and artifacts and human
remains to behaviour and ideology.