Amblyopia is a functional reduction in visual acuity caused by abnormal visual development early in life. It is the most common cause of pediatric visual impairment, occurring in 1 to 4 percent of children. Early detection of amblyopia and/or amblyopia risk factors improves visual outcomes [1-4]. This is the basis for screening preschool-age children for vision problems and amblyopia (table 1A-B). (See 'Screening' below and "Screening tests in children and adolescents", section on 'Vision screen'.)

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