6 Who is the intended audience?Always identify WHO is reading the writing and how effectively it communicates what you are TRYING to sayAn audience may be very specific or very general.

7 Some traits of an audience that may affect how they receive the message.Age levelGenderEthnic originEducation levelAttitudeBackground experiencesPresent job/occupation

8 As you write – think about your purposeIs this the point I want to get across?Will the audience understand what I’m trying to say?Is this interesting to them?

9 How can I become a better writer?Step 1—collect data or informationStep 2—Organize information into a logical order (outline)Step 3—Prepare a rough draft (brainstorming)

10 Step 4—Edit or reviseStep 5—Prepare a final draftStep 6—Check for mistakes; grammar, spelling, etc.Step 7—Compose your written work into the correct form

11 How do I know if my writing is good?Is it concise and to the point (not wordy)?Is it easy to understand?Is it interesting?Is it error-free?Is it in the correct form?Does the writing answer: Who? What? When? Where? Why? and How?

12 What is Oral communication?Spoken; verbal; word-of-mouthOral communication is a vital part of everyday life.Speaking and listening ability have an impact on how well you and others get along.

13 Oral communication abilities have a big effect on you education, career, and personal life.Very few people are born with good voices and natural public speaking abilities; therefore these qualities are developed.

15 Social ConversationCommon activity where people exchange ideas for information, entertainment, pleasure, and maybe persuasion.More than 90% of conversation is social.This should be developed-If you do not make good conversation at social gatherings you will not be fun to be with and probably will not make friends easily.Who is not fun to talk to? Why???

16 Social Conversation Things NOT TO DO: Monopolize the conversationBe an authority on everythingArgue constantlyIgnore other people’s ideasUse unpleasant languageBe timid

17 Social Conversation Things TO DO: Participate equally with othersBe receptive to ideas of othersListen and learnUse pleasant languageTalk about interesting things

18 Public SpeakingDelivering a speech or presentation to others; a formal way of giving information to a specific group.Many different kinds of speeches: professional (banquets, conversation, etc.), company presidents, attorneys, superintendents and principals, and teachers.To give a good speech, you must first be a good listener.

19 Public Speaking Improve yourself in the following areas:Attitude-a positive oneCommon Sense-a creative, but logical speaker encourages the audience to listenUnderstanding-the ability to read the audience and communicate with them allows the speaker to adjust the speech accordingly.

21 Steps to becoming an effective public speakerDefine the setting for the speech-know the date, place, event type, equipment needs, delivery time, etc.Determine goals to achieve-what should the speech accomplishDetermine the main ideas to emphasize-what should be presentedNote the major points in writing-stress 2-3 major points to support the main idea

22 Steps to becoming an effective public speakerPrepare the body of the speech-explain each supporting pointPlan the Introduction and conclusion-needs to be interesting in the beginning, then drive home the main points again at the end and thank the audiencePrepare note cards and audiovisualsPractice presenting the speech-videotape for practice

23 Telephone ConversationMost businesses use telephones as their primary means of communication (advertisement; selling products)Voice should give a good impression of the business to increase the effectiveness of the conversationBe alert, eager, show politeness, stay calm and give factual information

24 Interviews For jobs, scholarships, classes, and other activitiesYou may look very impressive on paper, but if you do NOT interview good, you probably will not get he job or scholarship.

25 Points to be a successful interviewerKnow essential information (study the company)Dress right for the occasionBe polite and pleasantBe seated only when asked to do so,

26 Show good mannerismSpeak clearly and effectivelyAsk questions (only if they have NOT been answered.Express thanks to the interviewer.Give a firm handshake before leaving.