Golf/Turf ManagerCALCIUM INJECTION FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EFFLUENT WATER

The many benefits of calcium for improving soil structure are generally well known in the turf industry. Many golf courses and sports
fields already surface apply gypsum once or twice a year, usually via broadcast spreader in pellatized form. However, pelletized gypsum
is expensive and requires a great deal of labor and equipment time to apply.

Moreover, applying gypsum via surface application is really only an attempt to correct the symptoms of a problem, rather than
the problem itself. Problems in soil structure, including poor infiltration and penetration, are typically due to sodium and
bicarbonates in the irrigation water. Poor water creates poor soil! This is especially true with effluent water, which is by
nature generally high in both sodium, (naturally and from home water softeners,) and also bicarbonates from the organic material
in wastewater breaking down. Virtually every course already has an amendment program in place to deal with these elements.
However, because soluble gypsum is logistically difficult to handle, water amendment is generally accomplished with the use of
sulfuric acid or sulfur burners.

Injecting solution grade gypsum directly into the irrigation water is the simple answer. That way each time the water is applied, it is uniformly and consistently
amended to its optimal performance level. However, injecting gypsum directly on golf course property has proven to be logistically difficult at best.
This method requires each club to individually purchase and maintain expensive equipment that is also very labor intensive. Common injection machines
require golf course personnel to store and handle a large quantity of fifty-pound bags, and manually recharge the system thoughout the evening irrigation
hours. Most also require daily maintenance and must be manually adjusted for every change in water flow. (e.g.: Cal-Ject® and Turf Solution Master® machines.)

With our program, Wastewater Solutions provides and installs its proprietary Aqua-Ject® injection equipment right at the
wastewater treatment facility, with no need for any equipment or application to be performed on golf course property. The
combination bulk silo and metered injection process is a stand alone, fully automated system with state-of-the-art controls
that was designed to meet such a high level of performance and accuracy that it now has a patent.

Golf courses are typically the largest users of reclaimed water, and yet they are also the most sensitive to water quality issues.
The health and appearance of golf courses dramatically impact both their real and perceived value, as well as the quality of play
and the overall golf experience. Water chemistry problems common to effluent water can impose limitations on the use of wastewater
for irrigating golf courses, sports fields and other green areas because soil always takes on the characteristics of the water it
is irrigated with. Amending the effluent with gypsum can optimize water quality, minimizing or eliminating its negative impacts
on turf, plants and soil over time. Simply put, better water creates better soil conditions, which ultimately improves overall
growing conditions. By amending the effluent at a point nearest the source, all downstream users enjoy the benefit of improved
water, and each one will also then enjoy the cost savings associated with a reduced treatment program. When considered together,
these savings will often minimize, or even completely offset, the cost of implementing a single injection site upstream.

The injection program is made even more attractive by our unique service approach where Wastewater Solutions provides all of the
equipment and operates the system at our own expense, billing the municipality only for the gypsum as it is used, together with a
monthly service fee. No capital equipment purchase is necessary! This is truly a win-win-win situation for the city, the golf
courses/sports fields and the environment.