Symptoms

Onychomycosis can affect one or more nails. It most commonly occurs on toenails.

Onychomycosis may cause:

Thickened nail that is difficult to cut

Brittle or ragged nail

Discolored or unsightly nail

Pain in the nail when doing ordinary activities

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. You may need to be referred to a doctor who specializes in skin and nail disorders (a dermatologist). The doctor may scrape or clip the nail to send a sample for testing. Results make take several weeks.

Tests on the nail sample may include:

Culture

Examination under a microscope

Treatment

Nails grow slowly. It can take up to a year to have a completely clear nail. Onychomycosis can be difficult to treat and may return after treatment. Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include the following:

Medications

Antifungal medications are used to treat onychomycosis. Medications may be oral or topical.

Surgery

Surgery to remove the nail is sometimes done in severe cases. A new nail grows in its place unless the nail matrix that makes the nail is destroyed.

Prevention

To help reduce your chance of onychomycosis:

Keep your feet clean. Dry them completely after washing.

Keep your hands dry and wear rubber gloves when cleaning.

Keep nails short and clean. Trim them straight across.

Do not trim or pick at the skin near your nails.

Avoid injuring your toenails.

Avoid shoes that are too tight.

Wear absorbent cotton socks. Change them if they become damp.

Avoid walking barefoot around swimming pools, locker rooms, and other public places.

Avoid artificial nails. They can trap moisture.

If you have diabetes, see your doctor about steps you can take to control your blood sugar.

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.