Technical Abstract:
Volatile agrochemicals such as 2-heptanone have potential in safely and effectively controlling important agricultural pests provided they are properly delivered. The present study reports the permeability of starch gel matrices and various coatings, some of which are agricultural-based, that could be used in controlled-release devices. Low density, microcellular starch foam was made from wheat, Dent corn and high amylose corn starches. Foam density ranged from 0.14 to 0.34 g/cm3, pore volume ranged from 74% to 89% and loading capacity ranged from 2.3 to 7.2 times the foam weight. The compressive properties of the foam were not markedly affected by saturating the pore volume with silicone oil. Vapor transmission rate (VTR) and vapor permeability (VP) were measured in dry, porous starch foam and silicone-saturated starch gels. VTR values were highest in foam samples containing solvents with high vapor pressures. Silicone oil saturated gels had lower VTR and VP values compared to the dry foam. However, the silicone oil gel did not markedly reduce the VP for 2-heptanone and an additional vapor barrier or coating was needed to adequately reduce the evaporation rate. The VP of films of beeswax, paraffin, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), a fruit film and a laminate comprised of beeswax and fruit film was measured. The fruit film had a relatively high VP for polar solvents and very low VP for non-polar solvents. The laminate film provided a low VP for polar and non-polar solvents. Perforating the fruit film portion of the laminate provided a method of attaining the target flux rate of 2-heptanone. The results demonstrate that vapor flux rate of biologically active solvents can be controlled using agricultural materials.