Venezuela: Sanctions? If so, what kind?

The Venezuela Spotlight is authored by David Mortlock, former director for International Economic Affairs at the White House National Security Council and nonresident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council’s Global Energy Center; and Francisco Monaldi, fellow in Latin American Energy Policy at Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy and founding director of the Center for Energy and the Environment at the Management Studies Institute (IESA) in Venezuela.

Mortlock and Monaldi list principles that should be applied when assessing sanctions options, and rank five options from least severe (Designation of Additional Officials and Related Entities) to most severe (Designate PDVSA and Other State-Owned Enterprises).