Not Lost in Space: Professor Recovers Data from Apollo Missions

Geosciences expert Seiichi Nagihara is helping NASA restore and reanalyze data received
from the moon.

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NASA's Apollo missions planted geophysical instruments on the surface of the moon
that transmitted data back to Earth by radio signal.

From 1969 to 1972, astronauts with NASA’s Apollo missions planted geophysical instruments on the surface of the moon that discovered moonquakes
and measured the heat released from the interior of the moon.

The data beamed back to Earth by radio signal. Then in 1974, NASA cancelled most
of the funding for the data analysis project.

But that didn’t stop the data from collecting for another three years. Now, a Texas
Tech researcher is on a mission from NASA to piece together the long-forgotten data
and finish the analysis.

Mission: Data Recovery

Seiichi Nagihara, an associate professor in the Department of Geosciences, received
a two-year, $45,000 research grant from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center to help the center fully restore, digitally archive and reanalyze the data collected
from the geothermal heat-flow instruments placed on the moon during Apollo 15 and
17.

Nagihara and the Goddard team hope to restore the full records of the Apollo heat
flow experiments and use modern computers to reanalyze the data to better understand
the moon’s internal structure.

That’s easier said than done, though, Nagihara said.

“Right now, it’s a detective story,” he said. “After 1974, NASA’s focus quickly shifted,
and it seems that nobody there kept detailed records on who did what with the Apollo
heat-flow data obtained from 1975 to 1977. The principal scientist who was involved
in the original analysis did not use the data from these years, and he died more
than 10 years ago. But, by reading old NASA documents and contacting the people who
were involved in the Apollo missions, my collaborators at Goddard and I are tracking
down the missing data. We have recovered some pieces of the data, but still have
a long way to go.”

A Hot Topic

Nagihara is an expert in how the Earth releases its heat, which is why he is one
of the researchers recruited to reanalyze the moon’s heat-flow data. Once he has
found and compiled as much of the “lost” data as he can, he will try to determine
why different areas of the moon give off different amounts of heat.

“On Earth, the plate tectonics explain a lot about why and how heat flow is different
from one locality to another,” he said. “The moon has no plate tectonics. That makes
it more challenging for me.”

The Department of Geosciences at Texas Tech University provides a wide range of research and educational experiences
in the field of earth and atmospheric sciences. The Department has a strong commitment
to research, education and outreach in the subdisciplines of Earth Sciences.