Canada's Growth and Change- Chapter 7

Comments (0)

Transcript of Canada's Growth and Change- Chapter 7

Canada's Growth and Change How Did Cities and Factories Grow? Entrepeneurs- people who begin or organize a business 1881-1901 rapid expansion1881- 25% of people lived in cities1911 population growth doubledincrease in number of factories manufacturing goods The Snowball Effect of Canada's Population Immigrants settlingin cities. Employers buildingfactories in cities. Canada's growingpopulation. Immigration to Canada **Immigration: most important factor in population growth.** Sudbury, Ontario Lethbridge, Alberta rich in coal desposits Canada's first industrial town oil and natural gas became number one fossil fuels World War One increased demand for coal in 1914 no settlement until CPR came through in 1800's copper was discovered in rocks, made prospectors rich Sudbury gained wealth by exporting copper and nickel around the world World War One increased demand for nickel and other minerals Poor Economy lead to loss of immigration.Good Economy lead to more immigration. 1910- immigration reached its peak Immigration to Canada, 1880's - 1910's

Decade Immigrants1881-1890 866 1771891-1900 339 2861901-1910 1 644 3471911-1920 7 712 624 Growth in Cities cities were a place for immigrants to settle and find jobsgreatest increase in immigrants 1891- 1911 (Calgary, Vancouver, Winnipeg)49% increase for Canada overall Industrialization and First Nations First Nation Male Employmentconstruction in citieslumber millscanneriesminesfarmed on reserves First Nation Female Employmentcleaninglaundry Many immigrants leaving home because of terrible living conditions. The more people settled in cities, the more industry developed. The more industry developed, the more people were drawn to cities. In 1908, the Federal Goverment made it possible to relocate any Aborignal to any reserve, nearby a town exceeding a population of 8000. 1991- a change in the Indian Act allowing municipalities or companies to expropriate reserve land for roads and railways. Expropriate- to legally take property from it's owners FactoriesChangedTheWayPeopleWorked John A. MacDonald increased the tariffs on imported goods, which brought about the building of factories at home to supply the Canadian market. In the1880's huge growth in factories making clothing, household goods, and other products. There was also a change from cottage system to factory system. Cottage System- the manufacture of goods made by many people working individually in thier homes

Factory System- the manufacture of goods made by many people working together in a large building Cottage System Factory System worked in homeswhole family worked in the system worked in factorieswomen and children did the workused machines Working Conditions in Factories In the 1890's, there was no electricity in the factories, everything was run on steam power. Accidents and injuries were frequent because items of clothing, or body hair would get caught in the pulleys. angerous Raising Voices Demanding Change

groups began to protest/advocate about the factory conditions, showing that they weren't going unnoticedregilious, social groups, and trade unions were pominent in the struggle for social change The Social Gospel James S. Woodsworth, Methodist minister in Winnipeg, supported interpretation of the Bible, known as the Social Gospel. He believed that the religious people's duty was to improve thier communities. Woodsworth and others, organized charities to help the poor and persuaded the government to make laws that protected the workers. This Social Gospel movement was an important force in the early 1900's. The Temperance Movement Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) founded in 1870's temperance means "moderation" WCTU, banned alcohol entirely- lead to crime, family violence and many ruined lives they organized factories, where thier workers had to pledge to refrain form alcohol demanded government to protect workers in unsafe environment, (child labour) promoted women's rights The WCTU continues to this day! . Labour Unions terrible conditions in Canadian factories, forced many workers to join labour unions in the U.S.unions worked to improve conditions by negotiationing with employersUnions in Canada made little progess for these reasons:federal and provincial government hostile to unions, saw unions as a way to hurt employersUnions generally wanted male workers- Knights of Labour, one of first to have a womenunions had skilled letters, boilers, makers or capenters- didn't acknowledge unskilled workers 95% of workers in Canada didn't join union until 1911immigrant numbers raised, cities and factories grew as well as unionsfactory wages low, working conditions poor for many yearsunions and groups who tried to improve the factory conditions was in progess but slow Words Matter Advocate- to recommend or support by argument

Social Gospel- a movement that emphasized the application of Christian principles to social problems

Movement- a group of people with a common goal

Temperance- literally means moderation, but when used in relation to acohol it meant to abstain What Impact Did Inventors and Pioneers Have? In the 1800's- 1900's many inventors and pioneers had major influence on Canada's development. Inventions helped expand businesses and made lives easier, it improved the lives of women and children. George Ross (1841-1914)

Ontario's Minister of Education, build new schoolsmore people learned to read operating manuals and safety symbols, good for businesses Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922)

1905 convinced Ontario's government to develope a hydroelectric plant in Niagara Fallsbegan to operate in 1910, allowing cheap power to homes and businessespersuaded cities to join the hydroelectric plantlead to less worker injuries, because of a decrease in steam powered machines Mabel Hubbard Bell (1857-1923)

married Alexander Graham Bell in 1877first editor of National Geographical Society magazinehelped develope the "Silver Dart" with husband and J.A.D McCurdyadvocated for women's rights and helped them get teaching positions Martha Black (1866-1957)

1917- member of Royal Geographical Society, rare honor for a womensecond woman to be elected into the House of Commons, 1935 Robert Samuel McLaughlin (1871-1972)

1908, expanded businesses to include automoblie productionbecame President of General Motors in Detroithelped businesses become efficient and easier Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937)

1900's began to look into long distance radio waves1901, launched a kite with a radio antenna; successfully received radio signals in Newfoundland from England (3500 km)led to development of Trans- Atlantic Radio Contact John A.D. McCurdy (1886-1961)

partner with the Aerial Experimental Assocation in Baddeck, N.S.developed first powered airplane in the British Empire helped business owners travel farther to supervise businesses How Did Women's Roles Change? women's role in society were restircted until the late 1800'smarried women devoted thier lives to thier families, that was an expectation Dr. Emily Stowe (1831-1903)

first female principal in Canadaenrolled in a New York medical school (because Canada didn't accept females)1867- graduated, then opened her own medical practice in Torontocouldn't get licensed in Ontario- finally in 1880 she was licensed to pratice Medicine1883- her daughter became the first women to graduate from a Canadian Medical School Ishbel Maria Gordon, Lady Aberdeen (1857-1939)

husband was the governor general of Canada (1893-1898)opposed the working conditions that women were exposed to in Canadian factoriesimportant founding of the National Council of Women of Canada (1893) and Victorian Order of Nurses (1897) The National Council of Women of Canada, 1893 founded to pressure politicians and business leaders to address women`s issuesLady Aberdeen was the first presidentworked for the expansion of education for women and supported thier right to vote The Victorian Order of Nurses, 1897 provided communities health care by going into people`s homeselderly and chornically ill patients benefits most Adelaide Hoodless (1857-1910)

founded the Women`s Institute (WI)- to support and educate women in society Nellie McClung (1873-1951)

member of Women`s Christian Temperance Unionsupported better labour laws, prohibiting the sale of acohol and vote for women1921-1926- Liberal member of Alberta Legislature in Edmonton Emily Murphy (1868-1951)

self-taught legal expert, wanted to improve legal rights of women1911- pushed Alberta government to give widows one-third of thier hubands` wealth1916- first women in the British Empire to be appointed as the magistratewanted women to be legally considered a person1929- women finally allowed to be appointed Senate By: Chloe