AbstractBackground.Efficacy of a Chinese medicine granule, Shu-Feng-Xuan-Fei (SFXF) has been demonstrated in reducing the duration of fever among patients with influenza. SFXF has also been found efficacious in reducing lung index and pathological lesion and regulating natural killer (NK) cell mediated cytotoxicity in pneumonia mice infected with influenza virus. Yet the effects of SFXF on viral infection in T cell-mediated immunity at the gene transcriptional level have never been reported.Objective.To elucidatethe effectsof SFXF on the major pathways and genes involved in T-cell mediated immunity in the lung of mice subjected toinfluenza virus H1N1 infection. Methods.Seventy-two ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=12): normal control group (N), virus control group (M), Oseltamivirgroup, low-dose SFXF(SL), medium-dose SFXF(SM) and high-dose SFXF(SH). Mice were anesthetized with 2, 2, 2-tribromoethanol in tert-amyl alcohol and inoculated (i.n.) with 4LD50 of virus except normal control group. Oseltamivir groupreceived 11.375 mg•kg-1•d-1Oseltamivir Phosphate. SFXF 3.76, 1.88 and 0.94 g•kg-1•d-1were administrated to mice in all SFXF groups by gastric perfusion. Each group was in equal dose of 0.2ml daily for 4 consecutive days. Mice were sacrificed and then total RNA were extracted in lung tissue. Some genes involved in T cell-mediated immunity were selected by DNA microarray. These candidate genes were verified by Real-Time PCR and western immunoblotting. Results. Compared with virus control group, in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, 12 virus-altered genes were significantly reduced following the medium-dose SFXF treatment. Eighteen antigen processing presentation-associated genes were up-regulated by medium-dose SFXF, among which 13 genes and 5 genes belong to MHC-I and MHC-II family respectively. In the process of T cell receptor signaling pathway, 19 genes were down-regulated by the medium-dose SFXF treatment. Exploration into effector T cells activation and cytokines, all of altered genes in virus control group were reversed by the medium-dose SFXF. Real-time PCR and western immunoblotting showed the regulation of the medium-dose SFXF in IL-4, IFN-, TNF-, IL-1, TLR7, MyD88, p38 and JNKwas superior to Oseltamivir and high-dose SFXF group. As expected, real-time PCR and western immunoblotting data were consistent with the results of microarray assay. Conclusion. Viral replication was found to have been prevented and the viral infection was eliminated with exposure to SFXF granules. The mechanism could be through the reduction of influenzainfected cells and activationof T cells. This immunomodulation effects could be realized by regulating gene expressions of T cells activation. Thus, SFXF could help to restore a balance of the host immune system, which may be critical for viral clearance in early phase of influenza virus infection.

AbstractNogo-B, a member of the reticulon 4 protein family, plays a critical role in tissue repair and acute inflammation. Its role in acute lung injury (ALI) remains unclear. Here, we assessed the function of Nogo-B during tissue injury in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mouse model. We found that pulmonary Nogo-B was significantly repressed after LPS instillation in C57BL/6 mice. Over-expression of pulmonary Nogo-B using an adenovirus vector carrying the Nogo-B-RFP-3flag gene (Ad-Nogo-B) significantly prolonged the survival of mice challenged with a lethal dose of LPS. The Ad-Nogo-B-treated mice also had less severe lung injury, less alveolar protein exudation, and a higher number of macrophages but less neutrophil infiltration compared with Ad-RFP-treated mice. Interestingly, microarray analysis showed that the Ad-Nogo-B-treated mice had different gene expression profiles compared with the controls and the prominent expression of genes related to wound healing and the humoral immune response after LPS induction. Of the 49 differently expressed genes, we found that the expression of PTX3 was significantly up-regulated following Nogo-B over-expression as observed in lung tissues and RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, Nogo-B plays a protective role against LPS-induced ALI, and this effect might be exerted through the modulation of alveolar macrophage recruitment and PTX3 production.

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Bmc Cancer. DOI 10.1186/s12885-015-1671-5.

Upregulation of MicroRNA-19b predicts good prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with vascular invasion or multifocal disease

AbstractBackground
After surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), recurrence is common, especially in patients presenting with vascular invasion or multifocal disease after curative surgery. Consequently, we examined the expression pattern and prognostic value of miR-19b in samples from these patients.
Methods
We performed a miRNA microarray to detect differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 5 paired samples of HCC and non-tumoral adjacent liver tissue and a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis to validate the results in 81 paired samples of HCC and adjacent non-tumoral liver tissues. We examined the associations of miR-19b expression with clinicopathological parameters and survival. MiR-19b was knocked down in Hep3B and an mRNA microarray was performed to detect the affected genes.
Results
In both the miRNA microarray and real-time PCR, miR-19b was significantly overexpressed in the HCC tumor compared with adjacent non-tumor liver tissues (P