This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Ecnomiohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). We follow Duellman (2001) and Savage (2002) in assigning records from Colombia and Ecuador to Ecnomiohyla phantasmagoria.

Ecnomiohyla miliaria is currently a species complex which is under revision (Brian Kubicki pers. comm.).

Justification:
Listed as Vulnerable because its Extent of Occurrence is less than 20,000 km2, its distribution is severely fragmented, and there is continuing decline in the extent and quality of its forest habitat in Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama.

This species is known from humid lowlands and premontane slopes from Departamento Gracias a Dios in Honduras (McCranie et al., 2003) and south-eastern Nicaragua to south-eastern Costa Rica on the Atlantic versant (20-900m asl), and on the Pacific versant in humid premontane areas of south-western Costa Rica and western and central Panama, at 1,000-1,330m asl (Savage, 2002). It is expected to have a wider distribution than is currently known.

This is a nocturnal canopy species of primary humid lowland and montane forest. Eggs are deposited in tree holes, which is also where the larvae develop. Males have been found calling from tree holes (McCranie et al., 2003).