Preface
Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide for Linux and UNIX explains how to install and configure Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC). visit http://www.
Documentation Accessibility
For information about Oracle's commitment to accessibility.oracle. Once you find a range.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=info or visit http://www. If you only have access to the Oracle Documentation media.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=trs if you are hearing impaired. you must first complete an installation of Oracle Clusterware.oracle. Access to Oracle Support Oracle customers have access to electronic support through My Oracle Support. visit the Oracle Accessibility Program website at http://www. refer to the following Oracle resources: Oracle Real Application Clusters Documentation Most Oracle error message documentation is only available in HTML format. as described in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your platform. use your browser's "find in page" feature to locate a specific message. then browse the error messages by range.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=docacc. When connected to the Internet.
Intended Audience
Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide for Linux and UNIX provides database installation information for database administrators (DBAs) who install and configure Oracle RAC. For information. Installation Guides ■ Oracle Diagnostics Pack Installation Guide
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Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your platform
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Related Documents
For more information. Before you use this guide.oracle. you can search for a specific error message using the error message search feature of the Oracle online documentation.

or placeholder variables for which you supply particular values. 11g Release 2 (11. You must register online before using OTN. installation documentation. emphasis.oracle.com/technetwork/index.com To download free release notes. text that appears on the screen. You can browse the error messages by range in the Documentation directory of the installation media. please visit the Oracle Technology Network (OTN).Operating System-Specific Administrative Guides ■ Oracle Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide
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Oracle Database Administrator's Reference. or other collateral.html If you already have a username and password for OTN. code in examples. or text that you enter. white papers.
Conventions
The following text conventions are used in this document:
Convention boldface italic monospace Meaning Boldface type indicates graphical user interface elements associated with an action.html Oracle error message documentation is available only in HTML. When connected to the Internet.oracle.
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. you can search for a specific error message using the error message search feature of the Oracle online documentation.com/technetwork/indexes/documentation/index.2) for UNIX Systems Oracle Database Platform Guide for Microsoft Windows
Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11. use your browser's search feature to locate a specific message.2) Real Application Clusters Management ■ Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide
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Oracle Database 2 Day DBA Online Help Oracle Enterprise Manager Real Application Clusters Guide Online Help Getting Started with the Oracle Diagnostics Pack
Generic Documentation
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Oracle Database New Features Guide Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide Oracle Database Concepts Oracle Database Reference
Printed documentation is available for sale in the Oracle Store at the following Web site: https://shop. Monospace type indicates commands within a paragraph.oracle. or terms defined in text or the glossary. URLs. When you find a range. Italic type indicates book titles. registration is free and can be done at the following Web site: http://www. then you can go directly to the documentation section of the OTN Web site: http://www.

2. regular health checks.
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.0.1)
New Features for Release 2 (11. and Oracle RAC systems.0.0.0.0.2) New Features for Release 2 (11.4):
Cluster and Oracle RAC Diagnosability Tools Enhancements
Starting with Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g Release 2 (11.4).4) New Features for Release 2 (11. The Trace File Analyzer and Collector is a diagnostic collection utility to simplify diagnostic data collection on Oracle Clusterware.0. The topics in this section are:
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New Features for Release 2 (11.4) for assessment of single instance and Oracle RAC database installations for known configuration issues.2. and pre.2.0.0.and post upgrade best practices. the Trace File Analyzer and Collector is installed automatically with Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation.2.4) Desupported Options for Release 2 (11.2.4)
The following is a list of new features for Release 2 (11.What's New in Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation?
This section describes new features as they pertain to the installation and configuration of Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC).
Note: The Trace File Analyzer and Collector is available starting with
Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g Release 2 (11.4).2) New Features for Release 1(11.2.2.2.2. best practices.
See Also: Oracle Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide for information about using Trace File Analyzer and Collector
Oracle Database Health Checks and Best Practice Recommendation
Oracle RAC Configuration Audit tool (RACcheck) is available with Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g Release 2 (11.3) New Features for Release 2 (11.0. Oracle Grid Infrastructure.

Oracle Database patch sets are full installations of the Oracle Database software. In-place upgrades are supported. then you do not have to provide an entry for the Proxy Username. It is case-sensitive. OUI no longer supports installation of Oracle Clusterware files on block or raw devices.
See Also: My Oracle Support note 1189783. Out-of-place patch set upgrades.x) to the most recent patch set are supported.0.2.x.2. but not recommended.4).
New Features for Release 2 (11. There is no replacement for this flag. Install Oracle Clusterware files either on Oracle Automatic Storage Management disk groups.2):
Enhanced Patch Set Installation
Starting with the release of the 11. are the best practices recommendation. If you do not have a proxy realm. Proxy Password. in which you install the patch set into a new. rather than installing a base release and then upgrading to a patch release.1.0.4):
Block and Raw Devices Not Supported with OUI
With this release.
See Also: Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide
Desupported Options for Release 2 (11.2.0.com
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.2. The proxy realm identifies the security database used for authentication.2. or in a supported shared file system.oracle.4)
The following features are no longer supported with Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g Release 2 (11.2.3) you can enter the Proxy Realm information when providing the details for downloading software updates.0.2. New installations consist of installing the most recent patch set.2.0.
New Features for Release 2 (11. and Proxy Realm fields.Note: The Oracle RAC Configuration Audit tool is available starting
with Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g Release 2 (11.0. separate Oracle home.2 patch set for Oracle Database 11g Release 2.0. available from the following URL:
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https://support. Note the following changes with the new patch set packaging:
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Direct upgrades from previous releases (11. This proxy realm is for software updates download only.0.2)
The following is a list of new features for Release 2 (11.0.
Deprecation of -cleanupOBase
The -cleanupOBase flag of the deinstallation tool is deprecated in this release.3)
Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11. 10. "Important Changes to Oracle Database Patch Sets Starting With 11.2".2.

New Features for Release 2 (11. Sun Solaris Cluster is not supported at this time. such as Veritas. and still provide the high availability benefits of failover protection.2)
The following is a list of new features for Release 2 (11. or similar technology was required. the source node instance is shut down. With Oracle Database release 2 (11. to enhance optimal communication in the cluster. Oracle RAC One Node databases can also fail over to another cluster node within its hosting server pool if their current node fails. Redundant Interconnect Usage enables load-balancing and high availability across multiple (up to four) private networks (also known as interconnects).
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. Oracle ASM can be configured to require separate administrative privileges. You can use Oracle Database and Oracle Grid Infrastructure configuration assistants.New Software Updates Option
Use the Software Updates feature to dynamically download and apply software updates as part of the Oracle Database installation. Oracle RAC One Node is not supported if you use a third-party clusterware software.
Redundant Interconnect Usage
In previous releases.2). You can use Oracle RAC One Node to consolidate many databases onto a single cluster with minimal overhead. With Oracle RAC One Node you can standardize all Oracle Database deployments across your enterprise.2. teaming. to configure Oracle RAC One Node databases. In addition. Oracle ASM is installed in the Oracle Clusterware home. or HP Serviceguard. Oracle RAC One Node is a single Oracle RAC database instance. as well as rolling upgrades for the operating system and for Oracle Clusterware. After the migration.2). SFRAC. to make use of redundant networks for the interconnect. bonding. In an Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC installation. Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle RAC can now make use of redundant network interconnects. Oracle RAC One Node is supported on all platforms where Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) is certified.0. so that membership in OSDBA may no longer provide administrator access to both the database and the storage tiers.2)
Oracle Automatic Storage Management and Oracle Clusterware Installation
With Oracle Clusterware 11g release 2 (11. Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) is part of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. You can also download the updates separately using the downloadUpdates option and later apply them during the installation by providing the location where the updates are present. such as Oracle Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) and RCONFIG. so that you can migrate the current Oracle RAC One Node instance to this new target node. IBMPowerHA. You can use a planned online relocation to start a second Oracle RAC One Node instance temporarily on a new target node.
Oracle Real Application Clusters One Node (Oracle RAC One Node)
Oracle RAC One Node is a single instance of Oracle RAC running on one node in a cluster. This functionality is available starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2). trunking. without the use of other network technology. online rolling patch application.

balancing and striping technology across all available storage. Oracle ACFS is available for Linux.
Cluster Verification Utility Fixup Scripts and Grid Infrastructure Checks
Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) has the following new features:
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CVU can generate shell scripts (Fixup scripts) that perform the system configuration that is required for a successful installation. The LOCAL_ LISTENER is set to the virtual IP endpoint of the local node listener address. CVU is automatically called by OUI to verify prerequisites. there is no longer a need for clients to patch their time zone data files.Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (ACFS)
Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (Oracle ACFS) is a new multi-platform. CVU provides additional checks to address install. it updates the instance parameters. Upgraded databases will continue to register with all node listeners. It is not available for UNIX platforms at the time of this release. SCANs are virtual IP addresses assigned to the cluster.
See Also: Oracle Database Upgrade Guide for information about preparing to upgrade Timestamp with Time Zone data. When Oracle Clusterware starts the database resource. Oracle ACFS provides dynamic file system resizing. Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for information about how to upgrade the Time Zone file and Timestamp with Time Zone data. TSTZ data is updated transparently with very minimal manual procedures using newly provided DBMS_DST PL/SQL packages. and Oracle Call Interface Programmer's Guide for information about performance effects of clients and servers operating with different versions of Time Zone files
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. configuration and operational issues. scalable file system and storage management design that extends Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) technology to support all application data. You should not modify the setting for LOCAL_LISTENER. database administrators ran the SQL script utltzuv2. and will prompt you to create fixup scripts to correct many system configuration issues that prevent installation. In previous releases. so cluster members can be added or removed without requiring updates of clients served by the cluster. in addition to identifying system issues that can cause installation failures. rather than to individual nodes.
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Database Agent and Listeners
DBCA no longer sets the value for LOCAL_LISTENER.
Daylight Savings Time Upgrade of Timestamp with Timezone Data Type
When time zone version files are updated due to Daylight Saving Time changes. In addition. and provides storage reliability through Oracle ASM's mirroring and parity protection. and improved performance using the distribution. TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE (TSTZ) data could become stale. New installation instances only register with Single Client Access Name (SCAN) listeners as remote listeners. and additionally with the SCAN listeners.sql to detect TSTZ data affected by the time zone version changes and then had to carry out extensive manual procedures to update the TSTZ data.

In addition. without requiring additional manual steps. making hostnames and addresses resolvable on the network
As servers perform these tasks dynamically. Clients using SCANs can also access the cluster using Easy Connect. adding and removing nodes simply requires an administrator to connect the server to the cluster. adding a node to the database cluster is part of the normal server restart.
SCAN Addresses for Simplified Client Access
The Single Client Access Name (SCAN) is the address to provide for all clients connecting to the cluster.
Grid Plug and Play
In the past. adding or removing servers in a cluster required extensive manual preparation. Using Grid Plug and Play. Grid Plug and Play reduces the costs of installing. configuration assistants validate configurations. which you can choose to use. SCANs eliminate the need to change clients when nodes are added to or removed from the cluster. This provisioning procedure requires a successful Oracle RAC installation before you can use this feature. and removing a node from the cluster occurs automatically when a server is turned off.
See Also: Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide for information about this feature
Enterprise Manager Clusterware Resource Management
You can use Enterprise Manager Cluster Home page to perform full administrative and monitoring support for High Availability Application and Oracle Clusterware resource management. and managing server nodes by using a grid naming service within the cluster to enable each node to perform the following tasks dynamically:
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Negotiating appropriate network identities for itself Acquiring additional information it needs to operate from a configuration profile Configuring or reconfiguring itself using profile data.
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. Deconfiguration and Deinstallation
Oracle configuration assistants provide additional guidance to ensure recommended deployment. The SCAN is a domain name registered to three IP addresses. and to enable the cluster to configure the node.Enterprise Manager Database Control Provisioning
Database Control 11g provides the capability to automatically provision Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC installations on new nodes. Oracle configuration assistants provide the capability of deconfiguring and deinstalling Oracle Real Application Clusters. or reject. configuring. and provide scripts to fix issues. If you accept the fix scripts.
Improved Deployment. either in the domain name service (DNS) or the Grid Naming Service (GNS). and then extend the existing Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC database to these provisioned nodes. then configuration issues will be fixed automatically. and to prevent configuration issues. Such administrative tasks include creating and modifying server pools. and using best practices recommendations.

Changes in Installation Documentation
With Oracle Database 11g release 1. you can migrate to Oracle ASM or to a shared file system if you choose.
See Also: Oracle Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIX
Deprecated Options with Oracle RAC 11g Release 2 (11. particularly those listed for Oracle ASM.
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. Opatch also detects if the database schema is an earlier patch level than the new patch. If you are upgrading from a previous release and currently use raw devices. You must use a shared file system. For installation planning. multi-patch fashion.2)
Note the following changes with this release:
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Installing files on raw devices is no longer an option available during installation. If separate Oracle ASM access privileges are enabled.1)
The following is a list of new features for Oracle RAC 11g release 1 (11. and database administrators are not members of the OSASM group. and additional documentation is provided on storage administration. if other instances of the database do not have that patch. Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide This platform-specific book provides procedures either to install Oracle Clusterware as a standalone product. After upgrade is complete. Oracle Clusterware can be installed or configured as an independent product. or Oracle RAC. unless the operating system OSDBA group for the database is the same group that is designated as the OSASM group for Oracle Automatic Storage Management. and will not start up instances that have a non-rolling patch applied to it.Zero Downtime Patching for Oracle RAC
Opatch now can apply patches in multi-node. then database administrators must be a member of the OSDBA for Oracle ASM group to be able to access Oracle ASM files You can designate the OSDBA group for the Oracle RAC database as the OSDBA group for the Oracle ASM instance. or use Oracle Automatic Storage Management. note the following documentation: Oracle Database 2 Day + Real Application Clusters Guide This book provides an overview and examples of the procedures to install and configure a two-node Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC environment. It contains system configuration instructions that require system administrator privileges. The SYSDBA privilege of acting as administrator on the Oracle ASM instance is removed with this release. or to install Oracle Clusterware with either Oracle Database.1):
Note: Some features in this list have been superseded by changes in
the 11. then your existing raw devices can continue to be used. and it runs SQL commands to bring the schema up to the new patch level.2 release.
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New Features for Release 1(11.

and Advanced installations. It is also installed with database client Administrator. and cloning Oracle Clusterware.
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. and was available as a separate Companion CD component. Oracle Configuration Manager: Oracle Configuration Manager (OCM) is integrated with Oracle Universal Installer. the Data Mining metadata is created with SYS metadata when you select the Create Database option. use of SRVCTL and other database administration utilities. However. With Enterprise Edition. it is an optional component for database installation.
Changes in the Install Options
The following are installation option changes for Oracle Database 11g:
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Oracle Application Express: This feature is installed with Oracle Database 11g.Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide This book (the guide that you are reading) provides procedures to install Oracle RAC after you have completed successfully an Oracle Clusterware installation. Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR) administration. Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide This is the administrator’s reference for Oracle RAC. However. These tasks include database cloning. In Oracle Database 11g. it is an optional component with database and client installations. Oracle Data Mining: The Enterprise Edition installation type selects Oracle Database Mining option by default. Oracle SQL Developer: This feature is installed by default with template-based database installations. or who configure and administer Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM). used in previous releases as Customer Configuration Repository (CCR). Oracle Database Storage Administrator’s Guide This book provides information for database and storage administrators who administer and manage storage. node addition and deletion. Oracle Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide This is the administrator’s reference for Oracle Clusterware. Installing the Oracle Database also installs a pre-seeded repository. is a tool that gathers and stores details relating to the configuration of the software stored in the Oracle ASM and database Oracle home directories. It contains information about administrative tasks. including those that involve changes to operating system configurations. Oracle Configuration Manager. Runtime. you can purchase additional extension processes. Oracle Database: This feature is integrated with Oracle Universal Installer. It contains database configuration instructions for database administrators. It was previously named HTML DB. necessary for using Oracle Warehouse Builder. and Data Warehousing. It contains information about administrative tasks. such as General Purpose. Transaction Processing. OWBSYS. and tuning changes to operating system configurations. Oracle Warehouse Builder: This information integration tool is now installed with both Standard and Enterprise Edition versions of the Oracle Database.

such as General Purpose. With Oracle Database 11g. and Advanced installations. and Data Warehousing.
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New Components Available for Installation
The following are the new components available while installing Oracle Database 11g:
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Oracle Application Express: Starting Oracle Database 11g. this product was available as a Companion CD component. Renamed as Oracle Application Express. this component is installed with Oracle Database 11g.2).
See Also: Oracle Application Express User's Guide for more information about Oracle Application Express
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Oracle Configuration Manager: This feature is offered during Advanced installation. It is an optional component for database and client installations. with Enterprise Edition.■
Oracle Ultra Search: Starting with Oracle Database 11g. It is installed and configured using Database Configuration Assistant for all database installations.
See Also: Oracle Database Vault Administrator's Guide for more information about Oracle Database
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Oracle Real Application Testing: This feature is installed by default with the Enterprise Edition installation type of Oracle Database 11g. Runtime. Oracle XML DB: Starting with Oracle Database 11g. you can purchase options that extend Oracle Warehouse Builder. Oracle Configuration Manager gathers and stores details relating to the configuration of the software stored in database Oracle home directories. HTML DB is no longer available as a Companion CD component.
Note: With Standard Edition and Enterprise Edition versions of
Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. Oracle Database Vault: This feature is an optional component for database installation. It was previously named Customer Configuration repository (CCR). Oracle Ultra Search is integrated with Oracle Database. Oracle Warehouse Builder with basic features is installed. Transaction Processing. However. In the previous releases. Oracle XML DB is no longer an optional feature. It is also installed with database client Administrator.
See Also: Oracle SQL Developer User's Guide for more information about Oracle SQL Developer
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Oracle Warehouse Builder: This feature is now included as an option in the Database installation. Oracle Application Express replaces iSQL*Plus.
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.
See Also: Oracle Database Real Application Testing User's Guide for more information about Oracle Real Application Testing
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Oracle SQL Developer: This feature is installed by default with template-based database installations.

can cause transient failures. Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA). Oracle Clusterware continues to store diagnostic data in the directory Grid_home/log. and Other Configuration Assistant Enhancements ASM Configuration Assistant (ASMCA) is a new configuration tool that can run from the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster home. diskgroups. Oracle Automatic Storage Management Fast Mirror Resync Oracle ASM fast mirror resync quickly resynchronizes Oracle ASM disks within a disk group after transient disk path failures as long as the disk drive media is not corrupted. Deinstallation. The duration of a fast mirror resync depends on the duration of the outage. Automatic Diagnostic Repository is the layer of the Diagnostic Framework implemented in Oracle Database 11g that stores diagnostic data and also provides service APIs to access data. The Automatic Diagnostic Repository implements the following:
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Diagnostic data for all Oracle products is written into an on-disk repository. if you use a shared Oracle Database home. where Grid_home is the Oracle Clusterware home. Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA).See Also: Oracle Warehouse Builder Sources and Targets Guide for more information about Oracle Warehouse Builder
Enhancements and New Features for Installation
The following is a list of enhancements and new features for Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2): Automatic Diagnostic Repository The Automatic Diagnostic Repository is a feature added to Oracle Database 11g. Disk path malfunctions. These improvements include the following:
DBCA DBCA is enhanced with the following feature:
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Provides the option to switch from a database configured for Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control to Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control.
See Also: Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide
Oracle ASM. or disk power supply interruptions. such as cable disconnections. ASMCA is run during installation. The duration of a resynchronization is typically much shorter than the amount of time required to completely rebuild an entire Oracle ASM disk group. and file systems. The default directory that stores the diagnostic data is $ORACLE_ BASE/diag. and Oracle Net Configuration Assistant (NETCA) have been improved. Any failures that render a failure group temporarily unavailable are considered transient failures. then the Automatic Data Repository must be located on a shared storage location that is available to all the nodes. The main objective of this feature is to reduce the time required to resolve bugs.
DBUA DBUA is enhanced with the following features:
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. Interfaces that provide easy navigation of the repository. ASMCA configures ASM instances. host bus adapter or controller failures. volumes. and the capability to read and write data
For Oracle RAC installations. and can be used as an administration configuration tool. like DBCA.

Only out-of-place upgrades are supported. 9. Oracle ASM used the disk with the primary copy of a mirrored extent as the preferred disk for data reads. which is available in the installation media before installation. Oracle Automatic Storage Management Rolling Migration Rolling migration for Oracle ASM enables you to upgrade or patch Oracle ASM instances on clustered Oracle ASM nodes without affecting database availability.■
Includes an improved pre-upgrade script to provide space estimation. and is available in Oracle home directories after installation. Oracle ASM Preferred Read Disk Groups In previous releases.
See Also: Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide
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.2. and new warnings.1. Members of the OSASM group can connect as SYSASM using operating system authentication and have full access to Oracle ASM. Update for Oracle Database 11g release 11. DBUA also provides upgrades from Oracle Database releases 9.1. The script stops Oracle software.
Note: You cannot change the owner of the Oracle ASM or Oracle Database home during an upgrade. 10. you must already have Oracle Database 11g release 1 (11. using the new initialization file parameter asm_preferred_read_failure_groups.0. This option is presented in Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA). you can specify disks located near a specific cluster node as the preferred disks from which that node obtains mirrored data.
New SYSASM Privilege and OSASM group for Oracle ASM Administration This feature introduces a new SYSASM privilege that is specifically intended for performing Oracle ASM administration tasks. This change facilitates faster processing of data with widely distributed shared storage systems or with extended clusters (clusters whose nodes are geographically dispersed). and improves disaster recovery preparedness.2: Also provides upgrades for 11. It is located in the path $ORACLE_HOME/deinstall. statistics gathering. and 10. OSASM is a new operating system group that is used exclusively for Oracle ASM. Using the SYSASM privilege instead of the SYSDBA privilege provides a clearer division of responsibility between Oracle ASM administration and database administration. With this release.1) installed before you can perform rolling migrations. This feature applies to Oracle ASM configurations that run on Oracle Database 11g release 1 (11. initialization parameters. You must use the same Oracle software owner that owns the existing Oracle ASM or Oracle Database home. In other words. and removes Oracle software and configuration files on the operating system.
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Starts any services running prior to upgrades
Deinstallation Tool
Includes a deinstallation tool (deinstall). and can be configured after installation. Rolling migration provides greater availability and more graceful migration of Oracle ASM software from one release to the next.2.1) and later.

the data mining schema is created when you run the SQL script catproc. Direct NFS implements NFS version 3 protocol within the Oracle Database kernel. If you store the Oracle Clusterware voting disks or Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR) files on NFS. and improved storage and throughput capacity for storage devices. consistent NFS interface. Oracle Disk Manager Network File System Management Oracle Disk Manager (ODM) can manage network file systems (NFS) on its own.sql as the SYS user. With operating system NFS drivers. Use of the Oracle network file system layer for user tasks. the original OFA mission to enhance performance has shifted to its role of providing well-organized Oracle installations with separated software. configuration files and data. as part of the implementation of Automatic Diagnostic Repository (ADR).2) incorporates several changes to OFA to address this changed purpose. This separation enhances security. A common. then you must continue to require mounting voting disks with the noac option. Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. ODM NFS automatically recognizes Oracle RAC instances. highly optimized NFS client for database operations. A highly stable. This change enables monitoring of NFS status using the ODM interface. rather than the file system cache. or DBAs.
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Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) Simplified With the development of Stripe and Mirror Everything architecture (SAME). and performs appropriate operations for datafiles without requiring additional reconfiguration from users. This feature provides the following:
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Ease of tuning. This change facilitates installation of more than one Oracle home directory in a common location. UNIX and Windows platforms. reserving the operating system kernel network file system layer for network communication. The Oracle Database kernel driver tunes itself to obtain optimal use of available resources. and avoiding the need to tune network performance at the operating system level. and simplifies upgrade. you are prompted to accept the default. and separates software units for simplified administration. and other administrative tasks. without using the operating system kernel NFS driver. NFS drives have to be mounted with the option noac (NO Attribute Caching) to prevent the operating system NFS driver from optimizing the filesystem cache by storing file attributes locally. This is referred to as Direct NFS. by providing the Oracle kernel control over the input-output paths to Network File Server. capable for use across Linux. instead of the Oracle home directory. system administrators. cloning. even though NFS is a shared file system. With this release. the data mining option is removed from the Database Features screen of Database Configuration Assistant. and diagnosability. for simpler tuning. or select a location for the Oracle base directory. Oracle RAC aware NFS performance. Use of the Oracle buffer cache. the following admin directories are changed:
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. Therefore.Data Mining Schema Creation Option In Oracle Database 11g. As part of this change:
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During Oracle RAC installation.

DIAGNOSTIC_DEST contains the location of "ADR base". Configuring the OCM tool requires that you have the following information from your service agreement:
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My Oracle Support e-mail address/username Password
In addition. the alert log. Each database instance has an ADR home./oradata to $ORACLE_BASE/oradata. The Oracle Universal Installer confirms that this is the case during installation. This can facilitate handling of service requests by ensuring that server system information is readily available. which is the root directory for a number of other directories that contain trace files.
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The initialization parameters BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST and USER_DUMP_DEST are deprecated. you are prompted for server proxy information.. which is in the path $ORACLE_BASE/diag. if the host system does not have a direct connection to the Internet. value from v$diag_info. OCM is an optional tool that enables you to associate your configuration information with your My Oracle Support account (formerly OracleMetalink). you are asked if you want to install Oracle Configuration Manager (OCM)./recovery_area to $ORACLE_BASE/recovery_area.
See Also: Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for detailed information about these changes. The default data file location is moved from $ORACLE_HOME/. You can also view alert and trace files with the SQL statement select name. The ADRCI facilitates reviewing alert log and trace files. which is the base directory under which one or more Automatic Database Repository homes are kept.– – –
bdump (location set by the background_dump_dest initialization parameter. A new utility. storage of Oracle background process trace files) cdump (location set by the core_dump_dest initialization parameter. The ADR Command Interpreter (ADRCI).
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For Oracle RAC installations. They continue to be set. Oracle requires that the Fast Recovery Area and the data file location are on a location shared among all the nodes.. and Oracle Database Utilities for information about viewing alert log and list trace files with ADRCI
Oracle Configuration Manager for Improved Support During installation. storage of Oracle user SQL trace files)
By default. This change does not affect the location of trace files for Oracle Clusterware. Oracle documentation commonly refers to these homes as ADR homes. storage of Oracle core dump files) udump (location set by the user_dump_dest initialization parameter. The default Fast Recovery Area (formerly known as Flash Recovery Area) is moved from $ORACLE_HOME/. A new initialization parameter is introduced.
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. and dumps for critical errors. is introduced. but you should not set these parameters manually. the location of these trace and core files is in the /diag directory. health monitor reports.

if you want to change the configuration from Database to Grid control. Database Configuration Assistant enables you to switch configuration of a database from Database Control to Grid Control by running the Oracle Enterprise Manager Configuration Plug-in.
Deprecated Components in Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1)
The following components that were part of Oracle Database 10g release 2 (10. With Oracle Database 11g. this requires significant work. However. Database Configuration Assistant contains the functionality to configure databases while creating them either with Database Control or with Grid Control.2) are not available for installation with Oracle Database 11g:
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iSQL*Plus Oracle Workflow Data Mining Scoring Engine Oracle Enterprise Manager Java console
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. or to reconfigure databases after creation. and to increase the maximum file size.Support for Large Data Files Large data file support is an automated feature that enables Oracle to support larger files on Oracle ASM more efficiently.
See Also: Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide
Switching a Database from Database Control to Grid Control Configuration In previous releases.

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.

It is beyond the scope of this documentation set to advise how to determine hardware sizing or capacity planning for your installation. Review and complete the following steps as part of your installation plan:
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Check My Oracle Support Consider Using Software Updates Option Check Oracle Technology Network Review Installation Steps for Oracle RAC Review How to Use Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) Review and Back Up Existing Oracle Installations
Preinstallation Checklist 1-1
.1
1
Preinstallation Checklist
Most Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) installation errors are due to a failure to complete all of the steps that are required before starting Oracle Universal Installer. or you are a project team of one. database administrators. Network and Operating System Overview of Oracle RAC Storage Additional Information to Prepare for Installation Confirming Cluster Readiness for Oracle RAC Installation with CVU Stopping Existing Oracle Processes for Upgrades or Coexisting Databases
1. and third-party hardware and software vendors. Whether your location is a Tier IV data center with a large project team of system administrators. This chapter contains the following topics:
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Before You Start: Planning Your Installation Overview of Server Hardware.1 Before You Start: Planning Your Installation
This section provides a list of tasks that Oracle recommends you complete before starting Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC installation. or in response to increased workloads. This chapter is intended for database administrators to use in consultation with system and storage administrators to coordinate the installation and plan the tasks for Oracle Clusterware. in preparation for completing an installation of Oracle RAC. planning is important to help ensure that your installation proceeds smoothly. network administrators. you can add nodes and instances as needed in response to testing. Note that with Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC. storage administrators.

com Click the Certify tab.1 Check My Oracle Support
Before you decide whether you want to install Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. You can receive guidance about supported hardware options that can assist you with your purchasing decisions. refer to the Oracle Real Application Clusters pages on the Oracle Technology Network: http://www. so that OUI can download the latest updates. Check with your network administrator before installation if you do not have this information. and other significant updates that can ensure that your installation succeeds. or you must provide a path to the location of a Software Updates option package that you have downloaded previously.1. or decide what server and storage hardware to purchase for an installation. system requirement updates for supported operating systems.com) for additional resources about planning for specific implementation scenarios. Contact your Oracle Sales Representative if you do not have a My Oracle Support account. If you choose to enable the Software Updates option.Before You Start: Planning Your Installation
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Review Globalization Requirements Review Documentation
1. you may want to refer to Oracle.
In addition to specific certified hardware configurations. to ensure that your hardware configuration is supported for use with Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC.oracle.2) on existing hardware.1. so that OUI can obtain software updates.oracle. Oracle recommends that you enable the Software Updates option during installation. including important information about vendor clusterware and other configuration issues. and other information that can help you with your installation plan.2 Consider Using Software Updates Option
OUI can install critical patch updates. To access to the Certification Matrix:
1. the Certify page provides support and patch information. Check the Certification Matrix for Oracle RAC for the operating system platform on which you intend to install. Click the Certifications tab. In addition.
Log on to My Oracle Support.com (http://www.2) installation. Also. 2. then be prepared to provide the destination proxy realm. and the user authentication (user name and password) required to authenticate access through that realm to the Internet. and general advice about how to proceed with an Oracle Clusterware or Oracle Clusterware with Oracle RAC 11g release 2 (11. Provide information about your platform to obtain certification information.com/technology/products/database/clustering/index. log on to My Oracle Support: https://support. 3.html The Oracle RAC Technologies Certification Matrix provides details about supported technology that you can use to deploy Oracle RAC.
1. then you must provide a valid My Oracle Support user name and password.
1-2 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. In particular. if you have a proxy realm. best practices.oracle.

1. Set up the domain name forwarding for Grid Naming Service (GNS) if you plan to deploy GNS. (optional) Stage all of the software on one node for installation (the "local node"). This functionality is available starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11. capacity planning.com/technology/products/database/clustering/index. which are not addressed in this guide. and set up the network addresses in the DNS and on the server as needed.html
1. To start OUI to download updates only.
Note: During Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. You can review available papers at the following Web site: http://www.
Prepare servers (system. Oracle Clusterware can define multiple interfaces to use for the cluster interconnect network. and provide proxy settings if needed.4 Review Installation Steps for Oracle RAC
Installing Oracle RAC consists of the following steps:
1.2). load-balanced interconnect communication between nodes.oracle.
See Also: Oracle Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide for
more information about using OIFCFG to modify interconnects
Preinstallation Checklist 1-3
. either during the installation interview or afterward using the Oracle Interface Configuration (OIFCFG) command line utility. and extended clusters deployments. storage. When you define multiple interconnects. Set up the required storage. then you can download updates before starting the installation by starting OUI on a system that has Internet access. enter the following command:
$ .0. After you download updates. best practices on various NFS platforms./runInstaller -downloadUpdates
Provide the My Oracle Support user name and password. With Redundant Interconnect Usage.Before You Start: Planning Your Installation
If you plan to run the installation in a secured data center.1. Oracle Clusterware creates from one to four highly available IP (HAIP) addresses. you can select
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■ ■
multiple interconnects for private network use. This feature is called Redundant Interconnect Usage. users. Create the required groups.3 Check Oracle Technology Network
The Oracle Technology Network (OTN) contains white papers about deployment options. and software homes. Oracle RAC and Oracle ASM instances use these interconnect addresses to ensure highly available. transfer the update file to a directory on the server where you plan to run the installation.2. without the need of using bonding or other technologies.
1. and network administration):
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Install the operating system and install the operating system packages and patches to the required version.

and other configuration information. Patch Oracle RAC to the latest patchset.
1. you must have Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM 11g release 2 (11. then document version numbers. refer to "Oracle Upgrade Companion. You can obtain the latest version of CVU at the following URL: http://www.2) installed on your cluster. CVU is incorporated into Oracle Universal Installer. Oracle provides CVU to perform system checks in preparation for an installation.Before You Start: Planning Your Installation
2. and interoperability discussions. post-upgrade. Oracle RAC 11g release 2 (11. Fixup scripts perform additional configuration of operating system parameters. Review the Oracle upgrade documentation before proceeding with installation.2).6 Review and Back Up Existing Oracle Installations
If you have an existing Oracle installation. Complete the postinstallation configuration of the Oracle RAC database. Patch Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Automatic Storage Management to the latest patchset.1. use CVU to ensure that your cluster is prepared for an installation.
See Also: Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide
For late-breaking updates and best practices about pre-upgrade. The Oracle Clusterware release version must be equal to or greater than the Oracle RAC version that you want to install."
1-4 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. so that installations. and review upgrade procedures for your existing installation. compatibility. patch updates. CVU can generate fixup scripts. which are scripts run by the root user that can change many kernel parameters to at least the minimum settings required for a successful installation. patches. or other system changes. Database administrators should refer to the section "Confirming Cluster Readiness for Oracle RAC Installation with CVU" on page 1-18 to confirm that their system is prepared for installation before they start an Oracle RAC installation.
Install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster. However. updates. storage administrators.com/technology/products/database/clustering/cvu/cvu_ download_homepage. to decide how you want to proceed. which includes Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Automatic Storage Management (system and storage administration):
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Install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster. During installation. secure shell (SSH) for installation and user environment variables. In addition.html If you have a vendor who is performing hardware or operating system configuration steps.1.5 Review How to Use Cluster Verification Utility (CVU)
Before installing Oracle Clusterware or Oracle RAC. or patches complete successfully.oracle.
Install Oracle RAC (database administration):
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Install Oracle Real Application Clusters. so CVU runs when you start an Oracle RAC installation. and database administrators to ensure that everyone has completed the system configuration and preinstallation steps. you can use CVU to ensure that any packages or configuration information that is required for Oracle RAC are in place before you begin your Oracle RAC installation.
1. Using CVU can help system administrators. then ask the vendor to complete the relevant CVU check of the cluster after they complete their work to ensure that your system is configured correctly.
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3.

back up your existing database before installing new software.2 to 11g). ECMAScript. Unicode is ideally suited for databases that support the Internet and the global economy. You can also use DBUA to upgrade between major point releases of Oracle RAC (for example. then you can have an Oracle Database 10g release 1 single-instance database running on one node. The Oracle Clusterware version must be the most recent release of any software (Oracle Clusterware. XML.
See Also: Oracle Database Upgrade Guide
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■
1.com/ For upgrades.Before You Start: Planning Your Installation
"Oracle Upgrade Companion" is available through Note 785351. and install Oracle RAC 11g. XHTML. However.2. Oracle RAC and Oracle Automatic Storage Management) running on the cluster. and LDAP.7 Review Globalization Requirements
Before you start an installation on which you want to support languages other than English. the Oracle RAC database software in these homes must be from a version that is equal to or prior to the version of Oracle Clusterware that is installed.1 to 10. Unicode is the native encoding of many technologies.
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■
Starting with release 10. Oracle Database. review Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide.1. from 10.0. release 2. note the following:
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You can have only one version of Oracle Clusterware running on a cluster at a time.6 and 10.1 on My Oracle Support: https://support.1. or 10. you can use Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) for patch set upgrades with Oracle RAC. However. you cannot have a version of Oracle Database running on Oracle Clusterware that was released after the version of Oracle Clusterware that you are running.2. As with any system change. Unicode also supports many historical scripts (alphabets). The locale setting also determines the globalization
Preinstallation Checklist 1-5
. Unicode is the universal character set that supports most of the currently spoken languages. and Oracle RAC 11g release 1 or release 2 databases also running on the cluster. For example: If you have Oracle Clusterware 11g release 2 installed as your clusterware.3. including Java. Oracle Net Configuration Assistant. You must use the same Oracle software owner that owns the existing Oracle Database home. and separate Oracle RAC 10g release 1. you cannot have Oracle Clusterware 10g release 2 installed on your cluster. You can have multiple Oracle homes of Oracle Databases on your cluster.oracle. and Database Configuration Assistant. You cannot change the owner of the Oracle Database home during an upgrade.
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The locale setting of your operating system session determines the language of the user interface and the globalization behavior for components such as Oracle Universal Installer.0. Note the following:
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Oracle recommends that you use Unicode AL32UTF8 as the database character set.

You should also have installed the
1-6 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. and operating system preinstallation steps for Oracle software are complete. Oracle recommends that you install a Web browser on your cluster nodes. Online documentation is available in PDF and HTML formats.1. review the Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your operating system platform. and provides further information about installing and configuring Oracle Database globalization support. The small time that this review takes can save a much greater amount of time required to track down causes of installation errors later. exp. The Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your platform contains server and storage configuration information for Oracle RAC. to complete all of the required steps needed for an installation. particularly the Preinstallation. you should already have completed installing and configuring CPUs. review the Release Notes and My Oracle Support (https://support. Before Oracle Clusterware is installed as part of an Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster installation. network. The variable also declares the character set for entering and displaying data by the client application.8 Review Documentation
Before installing Oracle Clusterware. Oracle Documentation is updated after release.
1.
Note: Oracle Database Installation Guide for your platform contains a fuller discussion of database character sets used with different languages. Failure to complete required preinstallation steps is the most common reason for failed installations. Also check to make sure that you have the most current version of this document.
Note: Refer to Oracle Database Concepts for an overview of Oracle
Database. interconnects.Overview of Server Hardware. This variable also sets the language and territory used by the client application and the database. and the Storage chapters. and any other networking or server hardware.
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The NLS_LANG environment variable determines the language of the user interface and the globalization behavior for components such as SQL*Plus. network cards. both to enable Oracle Enterprise Manager and Oracle Application Express.
1. In addition. Network and Operating System
behavior of Oracle Database sessions created by a user application through Oracle JDBC driver.oracle. To complete installations successfully. shared storage.com) to ensure that you have the most current information about system requirements and other information that can affect your installation. ensure that required hardware. unless overridden by the application. if you install Oracle RAC. Network and Operating System
Oracle Clusterware must be installed successfully before attempting to install Oracle RAC. host bus adaptors. and imp. The Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide also contains most tasks requiring root privileges or storage administrator privileges that need to be completed before starting an Oracle RAC installation. and to access online documentation as needed.2 Overview of Server Hardware. memory. and Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide for additional information about Oracle Clusterware or Oracle RAC configuration and deployment.

Review My Oracle Support before starting an installation on your current hardware. and if relevant. Oracle strongly recommends that you use the same software configurations on each node of the cluster. an interface used as a dedicated interface for a network file system should be marked as a Do not use interface type. In addition. but if you subtract packages from the default packages set.Overview of Server Hardware. Server and network preparation for installation include the following:
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Review Server Hardware and Software Requirements Overview of Server Environment Configuration Overview of Oracle Base Overview of Network Connection Requirements Overview of Secure Shell (SSH) Configuration Overview of Browser Requirement Overview of Platform-Specific Server Configuration
1. which Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC should ignore.2. to ensure that the hardware is supported with Oracle Clusterware with Oracle RAC 11g release 2 (11.
Preinstallation Checklist 1-7
.
Note: You must use the same operating system on each node in the
cluster. Your interconnect must be certified by Oracle for your platform. and to support Cache Fusion with Oracle RAC. For example. and any vendor clusterware. because they may not include required packages. Additional network configuration is not required during a Oracle RAC configuration.
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A supported interconnect software protocol on each node. a Private interface type (used with interconnects between cluster member nodes). or a Do not use interface type. identifying each interface as a Public interface type (used with public IP addresses and virtual IP addresses).2). You can add additional packages as needed. During Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster installation. Network and Operating System
operating system. Review your vendor documentation to complete these tasks.
■
Operating system packages listed in system requirements. the person completing the installation identifies the planned use for each global interface. Oracle Requires Each node in a cluster requires the following:
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Supported server hardware. and before purchasing new hardware. including processors and system configuration. Customized operating system package installations are not supported. then you may encounter what are called failed dependencies errors for required software packages. to support Oracle Clusterware voting disk polling. work with your vendor to complete the Oracle preinstallation steps that are listed in this document to confirm that the vendor hardware and software is correctly configured.1 Review Server Hardware and Software Requirements
The following is a summary of server hardware and software configuration.

review "Checking Hardware Requirements" in the preinstallation chapter to ensure that your system has enough RAM. as described in the The Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your platform preinstallation chapters.
See Also: The Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your platform
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■
1. to simplify server maintenance. Oracle Clusterware defers to the vendor clusterware for some tasks. you must install Oracle Clusterware to use Oracle RAC.3 Overview of Oracle Base
The Oracle base location is the location where Oracle Database binaries are stored. and that your system meets other hardware requirements. Every Oracle home can have its own Oracle base.2 Overview of Server Environment Configuration
Configure the Oracle software groups and users. Using identical server hardware on each node.
After you have set up server hardware. and to prevent service issues
■
Utilizing a time protocol that ensures all nodes in the cluster use the same reference time.
■
You may require third-party vendor clusterware if you use a non-ethernet interconnect. Be aware that when you use vendor clusterware. During installation. These include the following:
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Creating and configuring the Oracle RAC installation owner (typically oracle). if the network time protocol is not enabled at installation. such as node membership decisions. then you have two Oracle base paths that are in accordance with Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) guidelines. Typically. With Oracle Clusterware 11g release 2 (11. that the TMP and TEMP_DIR locations have enough available space for the installation. this is the user account that you should use for installation. Creating binary and storage installation paths. and configure user environments. For example.
■ ■
Additional Options: System Administrators and Vendors ■ Though you do not need to use vendor clusterware with Oracle Clusterware. for all cluster sizes. Oracle supports the use of many vendor clusterware options.
1. you are prompted for the Oracle base path. an Oracle base path for the database is created during an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. Creating an OSDBA operating system group whose members are granted the SYSDBA privilege through operating system authentication (typically dba). if the user grid is the installation owner of the Oracle Grid infrastructure installation. If you have separate installation owners for the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation and the Oracle RAC installation.Overview of Server Hardware.2). and the user oracle is the installation owner of the Oracle Database installation. then you have two Oracle base directories:
1-8 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. Network and Operating System
Oracle Recommends: System Administrator Tasks Oracle recommends the following to simplify server installation and maintenance. then the Oracle Clusterware installation enables the cluster time synchronization service.2. the Oracle base path is based on the installation owner name. Typically. However.2. Configuring redundant switches.

in accordance with the Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) rules for well-structured Oracle software environments. If the Oracle base path is /u01/app/oracle.2). if you have local Oracle homes on cluster nodes. Within the subdomain. the GNS uses multicast Domain Name Service (mDNS) to enable the cluster to map hostnames and IP addresses dynamically as nodes are added and removed from the cluster.0/dbhome_1
Ensure that the paths that you select for Oracle software. such as Oracle home paths and the Oracle base path. Because installation owner names are used by default for some path.2. you must have your network administrator provide a set of IP addresses for a subdomain that is assigned to the cluster (for example. without requiring additional host configuration in the DNS. which owns the Oracle Grid Infrastructure binaries /u01/app/oracle--the Oracle base for the user oracle. with Oracle Database 11g. Oracle recommends that you allocate three
Preinstallation Checklist 1-9
. Similarly. if you have a shared Oracle home in your existing installation.
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Single Client Access Name (SCAN): A domain name that resolves to all the addresses allocated for the SCAN. and in a manual network configuration. The network configuration for Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC requires several addresses. Oracle recommends that you only set the ORACLE_BASE environment variable to define paths for Oracle binaries and configuration files. then you must upgrade to local Oracle homes on cluster nodes. and directory names. To enable GNS. file names. grid. then you must upgrade to a shared Oracle home with Oracle RAC 11g release 2 (11. which GNS will serve. and instead enable OUI to create it. use only ASCII characters.Overview of Server Hardware. OUI creates the following Oracle home path:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11. Network and Operating System
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/u01/app/grid--the Oracle base for the user grid.example. then by default. this ASCII character restriction applies to user names.
1.
then you must use the same type of Oracle home that you have in your existing installation. For example.
Note: If you are upgrading from an existing Oracle RAC installation.4 Overview of Network Connection Requirements
The following is an overview of network configuration requirements for Grid Naming Service (GNS) in a Grid Plug and Play configuration.2. and forward DNS requests for that subdomain to the GNS virtual IP address for the cluster. Network administrators and system administrators can refer to the Preinstallation chapter in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your platform for detailed configuration information. Oracle recommends that you do not set an Oracle home environment variable. The following is a list of those addresses:
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GNS virtual IP address (GNS installations only): A static IP address configured in the GNS. which owns the Oracle Database binaries
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In preparation for installation. Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) creates other paths and environment variables as necessary. For example.com). The GNS virtual IP listener forwards queries to nodes in the subdomain on the cluster managed by GNS.

public.
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Public IP address: A public host name address for each node. During Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. The VIP for each node is associated with the same interface name on every node that is part of your cluster. to be used as the Virtual IP address (VIP) for client connections. Oracle recommends that the private network interconnects ar configured on dedicated switches that are not connected to anything other than the nodes in the same cluster. which
permits alphanumeric characters. crosscable interconnects are not supported
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The private interconnect is used for internode communication by both Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC. then you must ensure that the following is true for each private IP address.Overview of Server Hardware. Register both the public IP and the VIP address with the DNS. If you use manual configuration.
1-10 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. so that the DNS is resolvable from any client. GNS configures the address automatically. Host names using underscores ("_") are not enabled. then your network administrator should register the host names for the VIP with the DNS. Table 1–1 and the content following provides an overview of IP address requirements for manual network connections. If a node fails. Private IP address: A private IP address for each node to serve as the private interconnect address. listeners are created for each of the SCAN addresses. as well as the cluster nodes. The VIP should not be in use at the time of the installation. virtual. If you do not have a DNS. For high availability. During installation. If you have a domain name server (DNS). Your network administrator also must reconfigure the network when nodes are added or removed from the cluster. and private IP addresses. because this is an IP address that Oracle Clusterware manages. you should provide at least three IP addresses in the DNS to use for SCAN mapping. The private IP address must be: – – – Separate from the public network Accessible on the same network interface on each node Connected to a network switch between the nodes for the private network. dedicated exclusively to internode cluster communication. and Oracle Clusterware controls which server responds to a SCAN address request. then you provide VIP addresses. Network and Operating System
addresses to the SCAN. assigned by GNS. then you must make sure that both public IP addresses are in the node /etc/hosts file (for all cluster nodes). The public IP address name must be resolvable to the hostname.
Note: All host names must conform to the RFC 952 standard. if you do not use Grid Naming Service (which provides the VIP automatically).
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Virtual IP address: A public internet protocol (IP) address for each node. A SCAN domain name must be unique within your corporate network. then before installation your network administrator must configure SCAN. then Oracle Clusterware fails over the VIP address to an available node. then the private IP address must be available in each node’s /etc/hosts file. If you choose not to use GNS. If you select manual configuration. or assigned by the system administrator during initial system configuration for manual configurations.

2
Fixed
none
Selected by Oracle Clusterware Selected by Oracle Clusterware Selected by Oracle Clusterware
mycluster-scan virtual
192.0.201
Fixed
none
mycluster-scan virtual
192.2. or none DNS
Home Node Node 1 Node 1
Host Node node1 Selected by Oracle Clusterware node1
Node 1
node1-priv
Private
192.168.2. with a two node cluster where each node has one public and one private interface.203
Fixed
DNS
Node hostnames may resolve to multiple addresses.0.102 192. In addition. When this is enabled.2.
1. you might have the configuration shown in the following table for your network interfaces:
Table 1–1 Identity Node 1 Public Node 1 VIP Node 1 Private Node 2 Public Node 2 VIP Node 2 Private SCAN VIP 1 SCAN VIP 2 SCAN VIP 3
1
Manual Network Configuration Example Given Name node11 node1-vip Type Public Virtual Address 192. note that any messages displayed to the terminal.0." can disable SSH configuration. to configure SSH access for each node on the cluster to all other nodes of the cluster. Ask your system administrator to review the SSH section in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your platform.Overview of Server Hardware.0. and you have defined a SCAN domain address to resolve on your DNS to one of three IP addresses.2.168.2.2. Oracle recommends that you ask your system administrator to permit SSH connections on all cluster member nodes for the user account that will own the Oracle RAC installation. you can use a script within the Oracle Universal Installer to set up SSH configuration for installation.0.0. or none DNS DNS and hosts file DNS and hosts file.104 Address Resolved Assigned By By Fixed Fixed DNS DNS and hosts file DNS and hosts file.0. such as a "message of the day.1
Fixed
Node 2 Node 2
node2 Selected by Oracle Clusterware node2
node21 node2-vip
Public Virtual
192.101 192. then you or your system administrator will need to set up SSH manually for installation.0.5 Overview of Secure Shell (SSH) Configuration
Secure Shell (SSH) configuration is required for Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC.0.2. If this script is not able to run because of environment restrictions for the user account you use for installation.
Preinstallation Checklist 1-11
.105
Fixed Fixed
Node 2
node2-priv
Private
192.202
Fixed
DNS
none
mycluster-scan virtual
192. Network and Operating System
For example.2. System administrators can follow the procedure described in "Configuring SSH on All Cluster Nodes" in the Preinstallation chapter of Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your operating system.

6 Overview of Browser Requirement
You need a web browser to access documentation.2 and later.0 standard. If your system does not meet minimum operating system kernel and component requirements. to ensure that your system meets these requirements. In addition to the standard system requirements configuration. Oracle recommends that you or your system administrator review the system requirements carefully in Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide before beginning installation. Note that when Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) configures automatic disk backup.3.3.com
1. and to use Oracle Enterprise Manager and Oracle Application Express.
1.2 Overview of Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System
With Oracle Database and Oracle Grid Infrastructure release 11.
1. and check the My Oracle Support Certify page to ensure that you are aware of any additional requirements or recommendations for your specific hardware platform configuration. Oracle requires that you use the operating system kernel and components that are certified for this release.
1-12 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. and specific operating system components.Overview of Oracle RAC Storage
1.2. DBCA uses a database recovery area that must be shared.1 Where to Review Storage System Requirements
Refer to the "Configuring Storage for Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster and Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC)" chapter in Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your operating system to review storage options for installation planning.7 Overview of Platform-Specific Server Configuration
Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC are tested with specific operating system kernels. then your installation may fail to complete. For a list of browsers that meet these requirements. or ACFS). Review the following sections for storage planning:
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Where to Review Storage System Requirements Overview of Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System Overview of Oracle Database and Recovery File Options General Storage Considerations for Oracle RAC Using Logical Volume Managers with Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle RAC
1. Web browsers must support Java Script and the HTML 4. Storage and system administrators can refer to this chapter to configure storage for Oracle Database files on Oracle RAC.3 Overview of Oracle RAC Storage
To install Oracle RAC. Review the Preinstallation chapter.oracle.0 and CSS 1.2. deployment on specific server hardware can include additional operating system configuration steps. or other errors may develop during Oracle Clusterware or Oracle Database runtime. you need to have configured shared storage for the database files. Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) has been extended to include a general purpose file system (Oracle Automatic Storage Management File System. see the Oracle Enterprise Manager certification matrix on My Oracle Support: https://support.

high-performance database file system and disk manager for Oracle Database files.
■
Oracle Automatic Storage Management: Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) is an integrated. Install
files on a shared file system or on Oracle ASM.3.oracle. then you should create partitions large enough for the database files when you create partitions for Oracle Clusterware. such as database homes. this feature is available on Linux.3 Overview of Oracle Database and Recovery File Options
There are two ways of storing Oracle Database and recovery files:
Note: Installing files on raw or block devices is not supported. However.com
Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for an overview of storage configuration administration
1. then you should create partitions large enough for the database files when you create partitions for Oracle Clusterware.
See Also : The Certify page on My Oracle Support for the most
current information about storage options:
https://support.
■
A supported shared file system: Supported file systems include the following: – A supported cluster file system: Note that if you intend to use a cluster file system for your data files.
Preinstallation Checklist 1-13
.
See Also: The Certify page on My Oracle Support for supported Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices. Oracle RAC and Oracle Grid Infrastructure software can be installed on network-attached storage (NAS). For OCFS2 certification status.Overview of Oracle RAC Storage
which can be used for any files that you cannot place directly on Oracle ASM. Upgrading existing raw or block devices is supported.
Note: For Standard Edition Oracle Database installations using
Oracle RAC. and supported cluster file systems
Note: Oracle RAC software can be installed on OCFS2. It performs striping and mirroring of database files automatically. At the time of this release. or application files. but not available on UNIX platforms.
See Also: The Certify page on My Oracle Support for supported cluster file systems
–
NAS Network File System (NFS) listed on Oracle Certify: Note that if you intend to use NFS for your data files. Oracle ASM is the only supported storage option. it
cannot be installed on Oracle Cluster File System (OCFS). refer to the Certify page on My Oracle Support.

Oracle Database files include data files.4 General Storage Considerations for Oracle RAC
For all installations. refer to the Certify pages on the My Oracle Support Web site:
https://support.oracle. then you must ensure that your system meets the following conditions: – Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) and Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) are run on the node where the Oracle RAC database or Oracle RAC database with Oracle ASM instance is located. or for Oracle Clusterware with Oracle RAC (Oracle RAC). you must choose the storage option that you want to use for Oracle Database files. Table 1–2 shows the storage options supported for storing Oracle Database files and Oracle Database recovery files. or an Oracle RAC database with Oracle ASM instances. Oracle ASM is the only supported storage option for database or recovery files.3. control files. If you intend to upgrade an existing Oracle RAC database. the server parameter file.
Note: For up-to-date information about supported storage options for Oracle RAC installations. and the password file. or as a manual configuration Yes for upgrades only. redo log files. Oracle recommends that you choose Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) as the storage option for database and recovery files.com
Table 1–2
Supported Storage Options for Oracle Database and Recovery Files File Types Supported Database Recovery Yes Yes No Yes
Storage Option
Oracle Automatic Storage Management OCFS2 Local storage NFS file system Note: Requires a certified NAS device Shared raw devices being used with existing installation
Yes Yes No Yes
Yes for upgrades only.
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■
1-14 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. You do not have to use the same storage option for each file type. or as a manual configuration
No
Shared block devices being used with existing installations
No
Use the following guidelines when choosing the storage options that you want to use for each file type:
■
You can choose any combination of the supported storage options for each file type if you satisfy all requirements listed for the chosen storage options. For Standard Edition Oracle RAC installations. then you must also choose the storage option that you want to use for recovery files (the Fast Recovery Area).Overview of Oracle RAC Storage
1. If you want to enable automated backups during the installation.

For example. which is available at the following URL:
https://support. look under the Certifications tab on My Oracle Support. You cannot upgrade only two nodes of the cluster. and create a disk group to use for your Oracle Database storage. if you have an existing Oracle RAC database running on a three-node cluster. If you did not select Oracle ASM as the storage option for the Oracle Clusterware files. It contains the following topics:
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Oracle ASM is Installed with Oracle Grid Infrastructure Obtain the Oracle ASM ASMSNMP Password for Oracle Enterprise Manager Oracle Clusterware and Vendor Clusterware Shared Components of Oracle RAC Installations Simplified Upgrade of TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE Data Ensure an External Jobs User Is Created for HP-UX Oracle Database 11g Real Application Clusters Release Compatibility
1. and Oracle RAC. then you must configure at least three voting disk areas to provide voting disk redundancy.4. then you must first use Oracle ASM Configuration Assistant (ASMCA) to configure Oracle ASM.Additional Information to Prepare for Installation
–
The Oracle RAC database or Oracle RAC database with an Oracle ASM instance is running on the same nodes that you intend to make members of the new cluster installation.com
1.
1.1 Oracle ASM is Installed with Oracle Grid Infrastructure
In past releases.4 Additional Information to Prepare for Installation
This section contains additional information about Oracle Clusterware. then you must upgrade Oracle ASM by running an Oracle Grid Infrastructure upgrade.
Preinstallation Checklist 1-15
. Oracle ASM is part of an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation.2). With Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. removing the third node in the upgrade. create an Oracle ASM instance.3. then you must install the upgrade on all three nodes.5 Using Logical Volume Managers with Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle RAC
Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle RAC only support cluster-aware volume managers.oracle.
See Also: Oracle Database Upgrade Guide for information about how to prepare for upgrading an existing database
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If you do not have a storage option that provides external file redundancy. that may be helpful for your installation plan team to read to decide how you want to configure your installation. To confirm that a volume manager you want to use is supported. If you want to upgrade an existing Oracle ASM installation. Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM). Oracle ASM was installed as part of the Oracle Database installation.

time zone version files from 1 to 11 are installed in the path $ORACLE_HOME/oracore/zoneinfo/.4. It is granted the SYSDBA for ASM privilege.5 Simplified Upgrade of TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE Data
As part of an installation of Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. All instances of an Oracle RAC database must use the same time zone. If you intend to install Oracle RAC.2 Obtain the Oracle ASM ASMSNMP Password for Oracle Enterprise Manager
Obtain the ASMSNMP from the Oracle Grid Infrastructure administrator.4. However.4. then you must install Oracle Clusterware. You can continue to use the current time zone version or upgrade to the latest version. During Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster installation. Oracle recommends that you upgrade the server to the latest time zone version. When you use SQL*Plus. Using the newly provided DBMS_DST PL/SQL packages.
1-16 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. server parameter file. and all data files. and all the cluster database instances must have access to them. except when an instance is started with SQL*Plus. Upgrading to a new time zone version may cause existing TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE (TSTZ) data to become stale. you must be sure to use the same time zone setting for the database instance that is used for Oracle Clusterware. the ASMSNMP account is created and its status is set to OPEN. where time zone is the time zone to which you want to change:
srvctl setenv database -T 'TZ=time zone
Time zone version files are also installed on the clients.
See Also: Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for additional information about the ASMSNMP account
1. there could be a small performance penalty when client and server use different time zone versions.4 Shared Components of Oracle RAC Installations
For Oracle RAC. you can update the TSTZ data transparently with minimal manual procedures and system downtime.2).Additional Information to Prepare for Installation
1. These files must be placed on a shared file systems.
1. You can change the time zone Oracle Clusterware uses for a database by using the following command. During failures. Each instance also has its own set of redo log files.
1. shared access to redo log files enables surviving instances to perform recovery.4. Upgrades can be done at a time when it is most convenient to the system administrator. you no longer need to upgrade Client time zone files immediately. You do not require vendor clusterware when you use Oracle Clusterware.3 Oracle Clusterware and Vendor Clusterware
Oracle Clusterware provides clustering services. Starting with Oracle Database 11g release 2. Oracle Enterprise Manager requires access to the ASMSNMP account to monitor Oracle ASM instances and retrieve data from ASM-related data dictionary views. you and your system administrator should note that all instances in Oracle RAC environments share the control file. redo log files. The Oracle RAC database time zone defaults to the time zone setting of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure Grid user.

2) into the new Oracle home. the Oracle Clusterware version must be greater than or equal to the Oracle Database software version.4.Additional Information to Prepare for Installation
See Also: Oracle Database Upgrade Guide for information about preparing to upgrade Timestamp with Time Zone data.
Note: If you want to remove third party cluster software after
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upgrading your database to Oracle Database 10g or Oracle Database 11g. then you can create a new Oracle home and install Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. You should ensure that Oracle Clusterware is in a separate Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. Oracle Clusterware release 11g can be installed on the same system as Oracle9i database software. but Oracle9i software cannot be supported by Oracle Clusterware 11g. then OUI asks you about your upgrade preferences. then you are asked to upgrade the existing Oracle Clusterware installation. You cannot install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server and then install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster. Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for information about how to upgrade the Time Zone file and Timestamp with Time Zone data. Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Automatic Storage Management are both upgraded with an Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g release 2 (11. such as Oracle Cluster Manager or a third party cluster software. and you want to continue to use that release. Only one Oracle Clusterware version can exist on a server.2) installation. If you have Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server installed. then ensure that there is a low-privileged user created to own external jobs. The information collected during this dialog is passed to DBUA or DBCA after the software is installed.
1.7 Oracle Database 11g Real Application Clusters Release Compatibility
You can install and operate different releases of Oracle Database software on the same computer:
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When you have Oracle Clusterware installed with different release versions of Oracle software. and Oracle Call Interface Programmer's Guide for information about performance effects of clients and servers operating with different versions of Time Zone files
1.
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If OUI detects a previous database release. Only the root user can modify this file.6 Ensure an External Jobs User Is Created for HP-UX
If you are installing Oracle Real Application Clusters on HP-UX.
Preinstallation Checklist 1-17
. and be aware that you must set this user as the external jobs user by logging in as the root user and modifying $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/externaljob. If you have an existing Oracle home. then you must first remove the third party cluster software. and servers must be members of one cluster only. and then re-install Oracle Clusterware. then you must remove that installation before you can install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster. If you are running the Oracle9i release of Oracle RAC.ora after installation.4. You have the option to upgrade one of the previous release databases with DBUA or to create a new database using DBCA. If OUI detects a previous Oracle Clusterware release. then you must run cluster software that is compatible with that release. Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster installations cannot be installed in the Oracle base directory for Oracle Database.

then fix the errors reported./cluvfy -help. enter . and use a command similar to the following: cluvfy stage -pre dbinst -fixup -n nodelist -r release -osdba OSDBA -verbose In the preceding command. To start CVU. use CVU to ensure that your system is prepared for Oracle RAC installation.
See Also: Oracle Database Upgrade Guide for additional information about preparing for and performing upgrades
Table 1–3 Overview of System Preparation for Upgrades or Co-existing Databases What you need to do
Installation Scenario
Upgrading from Oracle No additional tasks. Table 1–3 provides an overview of what you need to do if you have an existing Oracle Database installation. Doing so can cause dynamic link failures.1) System with Oracle Database 10g on page 1-19 to 11g release 2 (11. or contact your system or storage administrator to have the cause of the errors addressed.Confirming Cluster Readiness for Oracle RAC Installation with CVU
Note: Do not move Oracle binaries from the Oracle home to another
location. For example.2) on a system to coexist with Oracle Database 10g release 1 (10. CVU is available in the Grid home.
See Also: Oracle Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide for
detailed information about CVU
1. Refer to Installing Oracle Database 11g on a System with Oracle Database 10g on page 1-19
1-18 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. for a two node cluster with nodeA and nodeB. For example. and your OSDBA group is dba. then you must perform additional tasks to prepare your system for installation. if the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster home is /u01/crs. either manually or by using a generated fixup script. Review the table. navigate to the Grid home bin directory. then the path is /u01/crs/bin.nodeb -osdba dba -verbose
For more information about CVU commands.
1. Refer to Installing Oracle Database 11g on a Database 10g release 1 (10. in the bin directory. If any checks fail. and perform tasks as required.2) Installing Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. where you are testing the cluster to prepare to install Oracle Database 11g with Oracle RAC.1) No additional tasks. the following command checks for system readiness:
$ . -fixup and -osdba are optional flags.6 Stopping Existing Oracle Processes for Upgrades or Coexisting Databases
If you are planning an installation on a system where you have an existing Oracle RAC or Oracle Database installation./cluvfy stage -pre dbinst -fixup -n nodea.5 Confirming Cluster Readiness for Oracle RAC Installation with CVU
Before you start your installation.

then most installation types configure and start a default Oracle Net listener using TCP/IP port 1521 and the IPC key value EXTPROC.Stopping Existing Oracle Processes for Upgrades or Coexisting Databases
Table 1–3 (Cont. Refer to Installing Oracle 11g release 9.2) installation.3 or later. the Oracle Database 9i release 9.2 GSD will not be able to use. Installing Oracle 11g Database on a System with Oracle9i Database Release 2 If you are installing an Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. follow these steps:
1. refer to "Shutting Down the Listener" on page 1-19
Explanation of Tasks
You must shut down the Global Services Daemon (GSD). and shut down a default Upgrading from Oracle9i listener on port 1521. To do this. To ensure that the new listener process starts during the installation.2) Database on a System with Oracle9i Database Release 2 on page 1-19 Installing Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. and the Oracle Net listener process is using the same port or key value as the default used with the Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. then OUI can only configure the new listener.2) to coexist with Oracle
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Database 10g release 1 (10. During an upgrade.) Overview of System Preparation for Upgrades or Co-existing Installation Scenario What you need to do
Shut down the Global Service Daemon.2) on a system with an existing Oracle9i Database release 2 (9. it cannot start it. To do this. and migrates the listener to Oracle Database 11g.2 Shut down a default listener on port 1521.oracle
Preinstallation Checklist 1-19
.2 SRVM shared data is upgraded into an Oracle Cluster Registry that the 9. port 1521.2 clients. because otherwise.2). during Oracle Database 11g installation. The Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation starts an 11g release 2 (11. and you install Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. For example:
# su .1 database must be release 10.0.1) databases using Oracle ASM. you must shut down any existing listeners before starting OUI.
Note: For Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. and shut down the Global Service Daemon. if present. Oracle Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) automatically locates the Oracle Database10g listener. Refer to Installing Oracle 11g Database on a System with Oracle9i Database Release 2 on page 1-19
Installing Oracle Database 11g on a System with Oracle Database 10g If your system has an Oracle Database 10g installation.2 to Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) automatically migrates the listener and related files from the Oracle Database 10g Oracle home to the Oracle Database 11g Oracle home. One of the following occurs:
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During a co-existing installation. if present. the 10. refer to "Shutting down the Global Services Daemon" on page 1-20
Shutting Down the Listener To determine if an existing Oracle Database 9i listener
process is running and to shut it down if necessary.1.2) on a system to co-exist with Oracle9i release 9.2) GSD to serve the Oracle9i 9.
Switch user to the software owner user.2) either to coexist with or to upgrade the Oracle Database 10g installation.

1-20 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
.
Shutting down the Global Services Daemon As the database installation software owner (for example. on each node of the cluster. oracle).
Repeat this procedure to stop all listeners running on this system and on all other nodes in the cluster.
Enter the following command to identify the TCP/IP port number and IPC key value that the listener is using:
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl status listenername
Note: If the listener uses the default name LISTENER. the variable 92_Oracle_home is the Oracle Database 9i release 2 (9.
Enter a command similar to the following to stop the listener process:
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop listenername
6.
3.. use the following syntax to shut down the GSD:
$ cd 92_Oracle_home $ bin/gsdctl stop
In the preceding syntax example..
Set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to specify the appropriate Oracle home directory for the listener:
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Bourne. or Korn shell:
$ ORACLE_HOME=oracle_home1 $ export ORACLE_HOME
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C or tcsh shell:
% setenv ORACLE_HOME oracle_home1
4. oracle_home1 is the Oracle home directory where the listener is installed and LISTENER is the listener name.
5.Stopping Existing Oracle Processes for Upgrades or Coexisting Databases
2.
Enter the following command to determine if an Oracle Database 9i listener process is running and to identify its name and the Oracle home directory in which it is installed:
$ ps -ef | grep tnslsnr
This command displays information about the Oracle Net listeners running on the system:
. then you do
not have to specify the listener name in this command. Bash. oracle_home1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
In this example.2) home.

4 or a later version
2.
See Also: Oracle XML DB Developer's Guide for more information about manually adding Oracle XML DB to an existing database
2.0 standards. then Oracle XML DB is already installed and configured.0 and CSS 1. Web browsers must support Java Script.
See Also: Oracle Text Application Developer's Guide for more information about Oracle Text
2.1. If you are using a preconfigured database created either during an installation or by Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA).Selecting a Configuration Option
Database installation that you are upgrading.2 Selecting a Configuration Option
This section describes OUI features that you should understand before beginning the Oracle RAC installation process. Oracle XML DB must be installed in the Oracle database that you want to upgrade.3 Oracle Text Requirement for Oracle Application Express
Oracle Text must be installed so that you can use the searchable online Help in Oracle Application Express. The following browsers meet this requirement:
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Mozilla 1.2) or a later version Oracle 9i Application Server release 1 (1. By default.1 Browser Requirements for Oracle Application Express
To view or develop Oracle Application Express applications. and the HTML 4.2) or a later version
2.7 or a later version Firefox 1.0. Oracle Text is installed as part of Oracle Database.2).1.4 Oracle XML DB Requirement for Oracle Application Express
To upgrade to Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. you are given the following options:
2-2 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. The following products include the versions of HTTP Server and mod_plsql that meet this requirement:
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Oracle 9i Database release 2 (9. then review the following Oracle Application Express requirements:
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Browser Requirements for Oracle Application Express Installing with Existing Oracle HTML Server Installations Oracle Text Requirement for Oracle Application Express Oracle XML DB Requirement for Oracle Application Express
2.1. "Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node from Single-Instance Oracle Databases" for information about how to convert single-instance databases to Oracle RAC
On the Select Installation Option page.1.2 Installing with Existing Oracle HTML Server Installations
Oracle Application Express must have access to Oracle HTTP Server and mod_plsql to run.
See Also: Appendix C.0.2.

post-upgrade.1 on My Oracle Support: https://support.
The command crsctl start crs also starts the database.Oracle Database Vault Installation and Configuration
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Create and Configure a Database: Provides you with the option to create a database using a preconfigured database template designed for particular system load demands. shut down the database.oracle. Install database software only: Installs Oracle Database software." "Oracle Upgrade Companion" is available through Note 785351. then record your environment’s version numbers. such as an online transaction processing (OLTP) database. or select the Advanced option on the Select Configuration page.
For late-breaking updates and best practices about preupgrade.com/
2.
See Also: If you have an existing Oracle installation. patches. and configure a custom starter database. "Stopping Oracle Database Processes Before Adding Products or Upgrading"
Installing Oracle Database 11g with Oracle Real Application Clusters 2-3
. and interoperability discussions. then Oracle recommends that you use one of the preconfigured database options. compatibility. Before you start OUI to install Oracle Database Vault.
See Also: Section E. refer to "Oracle Upgrade Companion. or a decision support or data warehouse database.1 Oracle Database Vault Requirements
Oracle Database Vault requires the following:
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An Oracle Database Enterprise Edition installation (single-instance or Oracle RAC) Setting the initialization parameter db_block_size to 4096 or higher Oracle Enterprise Manager Console Oracle Clusterware running (for installation in an Oracle RAC environment)
Note: You must have root access to start Oracle Clusterware.3.3 Oracle Database Vault Installation and Configuration
Review the following information if you want to install Oracle Database Vault:
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Oracle Database Vault Requirements Oracle Database Vault Accounts Multiple Oracle Database Vault Homes Starting the Listener with Oracle Database Vault Installations Installing Oracle Database Vault
2. Review the Oracle upgrade documentation before proceeding with your installation to decide how to proceed. you must complete the database configuration later. and review upgrade procedures for your existing installation. and other configuration information. Upgrade an existing database: Upgrades an existing database.
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If you are installing Oracle Database software.3.1.

The password cannot be the same as the account name.2. and a maximum of 30 characters. Use the orapwd utility to create and manage password files. In addition. one digit. HP-UX: /var/opt/oracle/oratab) and to the oraInst. Solaris. Solaris. An existing password file for Oracle Database.1 Oracle Database Vault Owner
The Oracle Database Vault Owner account is granted the DV_OWNER role. HP-UX: /var/opt/oracle/oraInst. Oracle Database Vault installation owner write access to the Oratab file (AIX: /etc/oratab. and a maximum of 30 characters long.
2-4 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. and a maximum of 30 characters long. REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE. These are the Oracle Database Vault Owner and the Oracle Database Vault Account Manager accounts. You must supply an account name and password for the Database Vault Owner during installation. This account can manage Oracle Database Vault roles and configuration.loc file (AIX: /etc/oraInst. To ensure that the new listener process starts during the installation.loc.3. The account password can be a minimum of 8. the password file authentication parameter.2.2 Oracle Database Vault Accounts
Oracle Database Vault prompts for two accounts that you can create during installation. or another user with oinstall group membership.3. The password that you choose for the Oracle Database Vault Owner account must be secure.loc).3. You can set the REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE parameter in the Oracle Database initialization file. The Oracle Database Vault Owner user name can be a minimum of 2. must have been set to EXCLUSIVE or SHARED. This access is provided either by using the same installation owner as you use with the Oracle Database installation. and one nonalphanumeric character (symbol). and a maximum of 30 characters.
See Also: Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for more information on creating and maintaining a password file
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2. The following password restrictions are enforced:
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The password must include at least one alphabet. The Oracle Database Vault Account Manager user name can be a minimum of 2. you must shut down existing listeners before starting Oracle Universal Installer. The password cannot contain any consecutive repeating characters. Creating an Oracle Database Vault Account Manager is optional. The Oracle Database Vault Account Manager is created to facilitate separation of duties.
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2. This account is used to manage database user accounts.2 Oracle Database Vault Account Manager
The Oracle Database Vault Account Manager is granted the DV_ACCTMGR role.Oracle Database Vault Installation and Configuration
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A listener configured for the database into which you are installing Oracle Database Vault. then the DV_ACCTMGR role is granted to the Oracle Database Vault Owner account by default. The account password can be a minimum of 8. If you do not choose to create the Oracle Database Vault Account Manager account.
2.

2. Select the OLS and Oracle Database Vault to configure to the database. and then Select Options. If you want to enable a separate Oracle Database Vault administrator. Stop all database processes. 4.3. You can configure Oracle Database Vault after installation using DBCA. Enter the following commands:
$ make -f $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms. After you create the database.2 Configuring Oracle Database Vault After Oracle RAC Installation
To configure Oracle Database Vault after installing Oracle RAC:
1.
2.3 Multiple Oracle Database Vault Homes
You can install Oracle Database Vault more than once on the same system.3.5. Select Enterprise Edition.
Install the Oracle RAC Enterprise Edition database.4 Starting the Listener with Oracle Database Vault Installations
You need to start the listener and database on all Oracle RAC nodes other than the one on which the installation is performed.
Start Oracle Universal Installer. 2.3.5.5 Installing Oracle Database Vault
Oracle Database Vault is installed with the Advanced Install option. Do not use SQL*Plus to start and stop Oracle RAC instances.3. For example:
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start listener_name $ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl start instance -d database_name -i instance_name
2. 8.mk dv_on $ make -f $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.
2.mk ioracle
4.
Installing Oracle Database 11g with Oracle Real Application Clusters 2-5
.3. or choose not to configure Oracle Database Vault.1 Configuring Oracle Database Vault During Oracle RAC Installation
To install Oracle Database Vault while installing Oracle RAC:
1. start DBCA. Select the option to configure the database. In addition to the default installation components. proceed with creating the database. 6. in different Oracle homes.Oracle Database Vault Installation and Configuration
The same password restrictions that apply to Oracle Database Vault Owner are applicable to Oracle Database Vault Account Manager as well. You must use the Server Control (srvctl) utility to start and stop Oracle Database Vault Oracle RAC instances.
Start up all Oracle RAC processes. 2. and select Advanced installation. 7. 5. select Oracle Label Security (OLS) and Oracle Database Vault. After installation. Provide the required Oracle Database Vault user IDs and passwords to proceed with configuration. 3. then you can choose to configure the DV_ACCTMGR user. 3.
2.

In the component list.
Start DBCA. SYSTEM and DBSNMP accounts. Provide the required administrative user accounts and passwords. By default. then the Oracle RAC One Node instance is started up on another pool member using Online Database Relocation. SYSMAN. and should be used only when you have a specific requirement for it.
2. If that instance goes down.4 Oracle Database Configuration Type Descriptions
When you run OUI. or other nonstandard configurations. creating a database in a nondefault character set. 7. During installation. Oracle recommends that most users select Typical as their installation type.2 Using the Advanced Install Type
Use the Advanced Install type to address specific requirements. such as selecting specific components to add or remove from the installation.4. and Data Warehouse Configuration Types
The General Purpose and Transaction Processing type and the Data Warehouse configuration type use preconfigured database templates optimized for each type of database.
2. then you must enter specific information as described in the next section.Oracle Database Configuration Type Descriptions
5. such as requiring different passwords for the SYS.
See Also: Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for detailed information on character sets and language configuration
2-6 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. or using a different database character set than is in use on your servers. You can install Oracle RAC One Node on two or more nodes in the cluster. An Oracle RAC One Node installation starts up an instance on one of the nodes you select as an Oracle RAC One Node pool member. and configures the Oracle network services.4. select Oracle Label Security and Oracle Database Vault. The Advanced installation type is for customized installations. The Typical install type installs a default configuration of Oracle Database. and proceed with configuration. OUI displays a progress indicator. OUI starts Oracle Network Configuration Assistant (NETCA) and DBCA. with basic configuration choices. you can select the Typical or the Advanced Install type. If you select Advanced configuration. DBCA processing for these two configuration types creates a starter database. changing product languages. or adding translation of product user interface into languages other than English. and select the option Configure Database. and installs the preconfigured database without further input. During database installation.1 General Purpose and Transaction Processing. the installation configures the character set of a new database based on the language of the operating system. 6. This feature migrates database instances and connections to other cluster nodes for high availability.
See Also: Oracle Database High Availability Overview for information
about Oracle RAC One Node
2.

See Also: Oracle Configuration Manager Installation and Administration Guide for further information
2. You can find the country associated with your My Oracle Support account by selecting the menu option More.5 Oracle Configuration Manager Option
During installation.
Installing Oracle Database 11g with Oracle Real Application Clusters 2-7
. you are prompted to select database security configuration. to ensure compatibility with existing applications. For database upgrades. if the host system does not have a direct connection to the Internet. By design.com) if you encounter registration failures and are uncertain that the correct country code has been specified. Oracle Database is then installed with default options for Oracle Database 10g release 2. To enable or disable secure configuration after installation. then you can check the Disable security settings box. This option enables you to associate information about your Oracle RAC configuration with your My Oracle Support (formerly OracleMetalink) account. and password policy and expiration settings. The DBCA 11g release 2 and later graphic user interface does not have the option to enable or disable secure configuration.oracle. In the event that you need to place a service request with Oracle Support.6 Database Security Options
During installation. For new database installations. you are prompted to provide information needed to enable Oracle Configuration Manager.The Secure Configuration option configures the database with database auditing options. you can use DBCA to enable or disable the Secure Configuration auditing or password security settings for testing. After installation. or revert to a previous security setting. you are prompted for server proxy information. you can change security settings by starting DBCA and modifying security settings. then selecting Settings. the upgraded database retains your existing database security configuration. In the Settings menu. You can enable or disable auditing or password security settings.
See Also: Oracle Database Installation Guide for your platform for information about configuring globalization
2. Configuring the OCM tool requires that you have the following information from your service agreement:
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My Oracle Support e-mail address/username Password
In addition. select Accounts & Privileges. Refer to My Oracle Support (https://support. After installation. the default configuration for Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. you must use command line DBCA options.Database Security Options
The following section provides more detail about OUI and DBCA processing when creating an Oracle RAC database. that configuration information can help to provide a more rapid resolution to the service issue. If you want to disable these enhanced security controls.2) includes the Secure Configuration option.

The SYSTEM account password must not be manager. Passwords must not be the same as the user name. or dbsnmp. Passwords should have at least 1 alphabetic. The SYS account password must not be change_on_install. An installation created following OFA guidelines means that DBCA creates your database files. and are needed only by individuals authorized to perform administrative tasks such as starting and stopping the database. creating and managing database users. using standard file naming and file placement practices. The SYSMAN account password must not be sysman. and 1 punctuation character Passwords should not be simple or obvious words. SYSMAN.Changing Administrative Account Database Passwords
Note: Oracle strongly recommends configuring your database with
the Secure Configuration option either during installation. that password must not be change_ on_install.8 Actions of OUI and DBCA During Installation
After installing Oracle Database. database.7 Changing Administrative Account Database Passwords
All databases include the administrative accounts SYS. and user. or after installation using command line DBCA. including the default server parameter file (SPFILE). in accordance with Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) guidelines. Passwords must not be Oracle reserved words.
See Also : Oracle Database 2 Day DBA Online Help and Oracle
Database Administrator's Guide for more information administrative accounts Apply the following guidelines when specifying passwords:
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Passwords must be between 8 and 30 characters long. sysman. such as welcome. and DBSMP are revoked after installation. You must change the administrative account passwords to a password that is different from the default password.
2. and SYSMAN. Passwords for all Oracle system administration accounts except SYS. 1 numeric. SYSTEM. Passwords must not start with a numeral. and so on.
2-8 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
.
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2. You should change the administrative account and DBSMP passwords after installation. OUI runs DBCA to create your database. The DBSNMP account password must not be dbsnmp. account. Administrative accounts are highly privileged accounts. SYSTEM. To use the same password for all the accounts. managing database memory and storage. The primary phases of DBCA processing are the following:
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Create the database. manager.

some database language and territory definition files have been updated to better reflect locale conventions used in associated locales.9 Installing Oracle Database with Other Languages
To use languages other than the default (English). Note that with Oracle Database release 11. Oracle Enterprise Manager DB Control or Grid Control for all administration and monitoring of services. as described in "Using Oracle Universal Installer to Install Oracle RAC" on page 2-10.1 and later releases. or to switch database management from Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control to Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control. service management is no longer performed for Oracle RAC databases using DBCA.
See Also: Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide
2. then you can revert the changes by installing Oracle9i compatibility definition files. and for further information about Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) support Oracle Enterprise Manager Real Application Clusters Guide Online Help for service management using Oracle Enterprise Manager
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In Oracle Database 10g and later releases.nlsrtl_rsf:b_cr9idata=true
See Also: Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for additional information about updates to the Oracle Database language and territory definition files
2. with the listener configuration).
See Also: The following documents for further information:
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Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide if you experience problems (for example.rsf. Start the listeners and database instances.Selecting a Database Name
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Configure the Oracle network services.
You can also use DBCA in standalone mode to create or delete a database.10 Selecting a Database Name
The database name input field is used to set the following Oracle initialization parameter values:
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DB_NAME DB_UNIQUE_NAME DB_DOMAIN
Installing Oracle Database 11g with Oracle Real Application Clusters 2-9
./runInstaller oracle. you must run OUI from a command line. To install Oracle9i files in place of Oracle11g files. and use the following statement to set the b_cr9idata variable to true:
. Use srvctl. if necessary. Oracle Net Configuration Assistant (NetCA) is run as part of an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation". If the resulting changes in default NLS parameter values adversely affect your existing applications. you must use the Advanced Installation type. either for the database or for applications running on the database.

depending on how you choose to manage the database. No other special characters are permitted in a database name.
2-10 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. The SID prefix for a database must be unique within the cluster. The SID prefix can contain only the characters a-z. where name is the first eight alphanumeric characters of DB_UNIQUE_NAME. so if you use special characters in the first 8 characters of the database name. and # is the instance number. which you supplied during installation.
Ensure that you can access other nodes with SSH. The SID prefix cannot contain operating system special characters. then these special characters are omitted in the SID prefix. There is a single SID prefix for every database. then Oracle generates the SID in the format name_#. OUI can set this up for you automatically.com. OUI requires that the user account running the Oracle RAC installation is permitted to set up passwordless SSH.11 Using Oracle Universal Installer to Install Oracle RAC
To install Oracle Database software with Oracle RAC:
1. and the SID is in the format name#. ORACLE_SID. then DBCA generates the SID for the instance names in advance. The domain portion of the global database name (DB_DOMAIN) can be no more than 128 characters. if your database has a global database name of orl$racprod2551. the database name (DB_UNIQUE_NAME) portion is a string of no more than 30 characters that can contain alphanumeric. A-Z. The ORACLE_SID for Oracle RAC database instances is generated differently. The values for DB_UNIQUE_NAME. For an Oracle RAC database.com orl$racp
The SID prefix is the first 8 characters of the database name. then the following values are used for initialization parameters:
Parameter DB_UNIQUE_NAME DB_DOMAIN DB_NAME Value orl$racprod2551 example. underscore (_).DB_DOMAIN in its entirety must be unique within the enterprise. each instance has a unique identifier. then the following SID values are used:
Database or Instance Type Single-instance Oracle database Policy-managed Oracle RAC instance Admin-managed Oracle RAC instance Value used for ORACLE_SID orlracpr orlracpr_1 orlracpr1
2. Domain names using underscores (_) are not allowed.example.Using Oracle Universal Installer to Install Oracle RAC
In Oracle RAC environments. if the DB_UNIQUE_NAME for a database is orl$racprod2551. For example. but must begin with an alphabetic character. and pound (#) characters. dollar ($). or your system administrator can set this up for you before installation is started. The DB_NAME parameter for a database is set to the first 8 characters of the database name. If you select an admin-managed database. If you select a policy-managed database. For example. which consists of the SID prefix and an instance number. and 0-9.

then you must ensure that SSH is configured and enabled before you proceed to start the Installer. proceed to Chapter 4. where the software binary download area is /home/oracle/oraclesw. When you have completed the second and final phase of the installation.sh script simultaneously on all nodes in the cluster for Oracle RAC installations or upgrades.
Note that because Oracle ASM is part of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. or provide the path to a downloaded Software Updates option package when prompted.
Note: You can run the root. Click Details to see the log file. or have other restrictions that would prevent automatic SSH configuration from within OUI.
3. To use the Software Updates option to obtain the most current system requirement updates.
4.
If you encounter problems during installation. critical patch updates. use a valid My Oracle Support username and password. If you are not able to turn off stty commands.
Open the terminal from which you intend to run OUI. then examine the OUI actions recorded in the installation log file.Using Oracle Universal Installer to Install Oracle RAC
2. and log in as the user account that you want to own the Oracle Database installation (for example. and other recommended updates for installation. You must not install Oracle Database 11g with Oracle RAC software into the same home in which you installed the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster software.
Installing Oracle Database 11g with Oracle Real Application Clusters 2-11
.2) installation media or install binary download area.
Start the runInstaller command from the Disk1 on the Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11./runInstaller
5.
Provide information or run scripts as root when prompted by OUI. enter the following commands:
$ cd /home/oracle/oraclesw/Disk1 $ .log
Caution: The Oracle home name and path that you provide during database installation must be different from the home that you used during the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation in phase one. click Help. because you will be prompted to run a script as the root user during installation. "Oracle Real Application Clusters Postinstallation Procedures" to perform the postinstallation tasks. For example.
Ensure that you have su or sudo credentials. If you need assistance during installation. it cannot be upgraded during an Oracle RAC installation. The log file is located in the Oracle Inventory directory in the following location:
OraInventory/logs/installActionsdate_time. oracle).

and log in as the user account that you want to own the Oracle Database installation (for example. Start the runInstaller command from the Disk1 on the Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. Provide information or run scripts as root when prompted by OUI.
Select to configure an Oracle RAC One Node database. DBCA.
2. then you must ensure that SSH is configured and enabled before you proceed to start the Installer./runInstaller
4. Otherwise. and select to and install Oracle RAC on all nodes where Oracle RAC One Node will run. If you are not able to turn off stty commands. enter the following commands:
$ cd /home/oracle/oraclesw/Disk1 $ . all database processes must be stopped. Refer to Appendix E. or have other restrictions that would prevent automatic SSH configuration from within OUI.
2.
Ensure that you have su or sudo credentials. only Local Database control for database management is supported for Oracle RAC. For example. When you use the local Database Control. or a database creation with your own scripts). oracle).12 Using Oracle Universal Installer to Install Oracle RAC One Node
To install Oracle RAC One Node:
1. For the Oracle Universal Installer to relink certain executables and libraries. where the software binary download area is /home/oracle/oraclesw. Click Details to see the log file.
Open the terminal from which you intend to run OUI. if you have already completed the Grid Control Management Agent installation. "How to Stop Processes in an Existing Oracle Real Application Clusters Database" for additional information. 3. 5. If you need assistance during installation. an installation with no Oracle Enterprise Manager configuration. or the Oracle Enterprise Manager Configuration Assistant (EMCA) utility. click Help. then you can select either Grid or Local Database control.
The following is a list of additional information to note about installation:
■
On the Select Database Management Option page. If you perform an installation that does not include Oracle Enterprise Manager (for example.2) products in the database. if you decide that you want to install additional Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. you can choose the e-mail option and enter the outgoing SMTP server name and e-mail address.2) installation media or install binary download area.
2-12 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. then you can configure Oracle Enterprise Manager later using OUI. because you will be prompted to run a script as the root user during installation. then you must stop all processes running in the Oracle home before you attempt to install the additional products. an Advanced Installation software install without Oracle Enterprise Manager.Using Oracle Universal Installer to Install Oracle RAC One Node
Caution: After installation is completed and you have created the database.

2. Note that because Oracle ASM is part of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. then examine the OUI actions recorded in the installation log file. and on the Welcome page. You can add additional nodes to the cluster later. note that while the database is started on only one of the pool of nodes you installed the binaries.oracle.html
Installing Oracle Database 11g with Oracle Real Application Clusters 2-13
. When you create an admin-managed Oracle RAC One Node database. start up DBCA.
See Also: Oracle Technology Network for more information about Oracle RAC One Node:
http://www.com/technology/products/database/clustering/index . If the servers are not already in Generic or Free. Oracle recommends that you select all nodes in the cluster to which you want Oracle RAC One Node to be able to fail over. If you select less than two nodes. For example. all the candidate servers are placed into the Generic server pool. DBCA starts on only one node of the set of nodes you select. you can use Oracle Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) to configure Oracle RAC One Node. you should not change from local Oracle homes to a shared Oracle home. After installation.
If you encounter problems during installation. You must not install Oracle Database 11g with Oracle RAC software into the same home in which you installed the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster software.Using DBCA to Configure Oracle RAC One Node
Note: You can run the root.sh script simultaneously on all nodes in the cluster for Oracle RAC installations or upgrades. then you must use the same type of Oracle home. or create server pools with a cardinality of 2 or more.13 Using DBCA to Configure Oracle RAC One Node
If you have selected to install Oracle RAC software only on cluster nodes. The log file is located in the Oracle Inventory directory in the following location:
OraInventory/logs/installActionsdate_time. Selecting one node deploys Oracle RAC One Node on a single node.log
Caution: The Oracle home name and path that you provide during database installation must be different from the home that you used during the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation in phase one. then this may result in stopping resources that are running on candidate servers.
If you are upgrading a database. select Oracle RAC One Node database. it cannot be upgraded during an Oracle RAC installation. then DBCA posts a warning message that the configuration you select will not support failover of the Oracle RAC One Node instance.

the default listener (LISTENER_NODENAME was migrated to the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home (Grid home). then create your database with DBCA and modify the data files later. During migration.
3-2 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. DBCA also starts any database instances required to support your defined configuration. and you install Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. DBCA enables you to create both policy-managed and administrator-managed databases. If the database was using the default listener (LISTENER_NODENAME). During the Oracle Clusterware upgrade. If you have data file requirements that differ from those offered by DBCA templates.Benefits of Using Database Configuration Assistant
See Also:
■
"Creating an Oracle RAC Database with DBCA" on page 3-4 for more information about using DBCA in standalone mode The Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide to resolve problems—for example. DBCA also configures your Oracle RAC environment for various Oracle high availability features. then it is migrated automatically to the Oracle Clusterware home by NETCA as part of the Oracle Clusterware upgrade. which uses the Fast Recovery Area. or 11.2) Oracle home. client applications may not be able to connect to any databases that are registered to the listener that is being migrated.1. such as cluster administration tools. During migration. DBCA always uses the default listener. then most installation types automatically migrate the existing Oracle Database listener to the 11g release 2 (11. you can also create site-specific tablespaces as part of database creation. with the listener configuration—and for further information about Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)-compliant directory support The Oracle Enterprise Manager Real Application Clusters Guide Online Help for more information about using Oracle Enterprise Manager
■
■
3. and automatic undo management. The listener migration process stops the listener in the existing Oracle home.2 Benefits of Using Database Configuration Assistant
Oracle recommends that you use DBCA to create your Oracle RAC database. because preconfigured databases optimize your environment for features such as the server parameter file (SPFILE).1 installation. then DBCA also configures automated backup.3 Automatic Listener Migration from Earlier Releases
If your system has an Oracle Database 10g or 11g installation. then DBUA migrates the nondefault listener to the Oracle Database home. and restarts it in the new Oracle home. 10.2) either to coexist with or to upgrade the Oracle Database 10. with the IPC key value. they configure and start a default Oracle Net listener using the same TCP/IP port as the existing listener.2. If you use Oracle ASM or cluster file system storage. With DBCA. You can also run user-specified scripts as part of your database creation process.
3. If the database was using a nondefault listener.

and run the test again.
3-3
■
Creating Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases with Database Configuration Assistant
. The -fixup flag generates a fixup script that can be run as root to resolve many operating system configuration tasks if they were not completed before you run the check. on each node. with the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home path/u01/app/grid/11. and you cannot resolve these issues by running the fixup script. and detailed reporting of the test results. For example. and check the status of Enterprise Manager. If the CVU summary indicates that the cluster verification check fails.
3. separated by commas. you need to set the environment variables ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_UNQNAME to use Enterprise Manager. use Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) to verify that your system is prepared for configuration changes using the following command syntax:
/Grid_home/bin/cluvfy stage -pre dbcfg -fixup -n node_list -d Oracle_home [-verbose]
In the preceding syntax example.2. the variable node_list is the list of nodes in your cluster.2.2/dbhome1 $ export ORACLE_UNQNAME=sales
Place these environment variables in the oracle user profile file on each cluster member node to ensure that the environment variable settings are available after system restarts.sh stage -pre dbcfg verifies the following:
■ ■ ■
Node Reachability: All the specified nodes are reachable from the local node.0.4 Setting Environment Variables for Enterprise Manager DB Control
In previous releases of Oracle Database. stop.2) and later. For example. Node Connectivity: Connectivity exists between all the specified nodes through the available public and private network interfaces. With Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. Administrative Privileges: The oracle user has proper administrative privileges on the specified nodes for creating an Oracle RAC database. the variable Grid_home is the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. The command cluvfy.Verifying Requirements for DBCA
3. enter the following command:
$ /u01/app/grid/11.0/bin/cluvfy stage -pre dbcfg -fixup -n node1. and where the database unique name is sales:
$ export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11. and with the Oracle home path /u01/app/oracle/product/11/db1. then review and correct the relevant system configuration steps. to perform a check to determine if your system is prepared for an Oracle Database with Oracle RAC installation on a two-node cluster with nodes node1 and node2. enter commands similar to the following to set these values for the oracle user with the Bourne shell as the default shell. you were required to set environment variables for ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID to start.node2 -d\ /u01/app/oracle/product/11/db1
You can select the option -verbose to receive progress updates as the CVU performs its system checks. where the Oracle home is /u01/app/oracle. and the variable Oracle_home is the path for the Oracle home directory where OUI creates or modifies the database.5 Verifying Requirements for DBCA
To use DBCA to change the database configuration. User Equivalence: User equivalence exists on all the specified nodes.

you must have run the Oracle Net Configuration Assistant (NETCA) to configure your Oracle Net listener. and enter the command dbca command from the $ORACLE_HOME/bin directory. You can then start DBCA. you can select the Custom Database option. the first page it displays is the Welcome page for Oracle RAC. DBCA displays this Oracle RAC Welcome page only if the Oracle home from which it is started was installed on a cluster. then select the default General Purpose or Transaction Processing template. To start DBCA. you no longer need to set operating system environment variables ORACLE_HOME to the Oracle RAC database home. This option does not use templates and results in a more extensive interview. In this case. connect as the installation owner account (for example. then provide information as prompted by DBCA. you must load SSH keys into
memory for the terminal session where you start DBCA. Use the following commands to load SSH keys:
$ exec /usr/bin/ssh-agent $SHELL $ /usr/bin/ssh-add
If needed. Click Show Details to see the configuration for each type of database. If you use a pass phrase on your system for SSH. which includes the option to select an Oracle RAC database. then you must provide the pass phrase to load the SSH keys. then you receive user equivalency errors when you attempt to start DBCA. then DBCA was unable to detect if the Oracle home is installed on a cluster. which means that it takes longer to create your database. If the Oracle RAC Welcome page opens. you must have configured shared storage devices. If you are not sure which to choose.ora file. or ORACLE_UNQNAME to the database unique name.
3. Oracle ships templates for the following two workload types:
■ ■
General purpose or transaction processing Data warehouse
For more complex environments.
Note: In an Oracle RAC environment. When you start DBCA.Creating an Oracle RAC Database with DBCA
■
Oracle Clusterware Integrity: All the components of the Oracle Clusterware stack are fully operational. If DBCA does not display the Welcome page for Oracle RAC.6 Creating an Oracle RAC Database with DBCA
To create a database with DBCA in standalone mode without Oracle ASM or a cluster file system. Select the template suited to the type of workload your database will support. check that the OUI
3-4 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. In addition. The templates contain settings optimized for a particular type of workload. Click Help if you need assistance. You can use DBCA to create a database from templates supplied by Oracle. or from templates that you create. load SSH keys into memory. To run DBCA. If you do not do this. provide the pass phrase when prompted. oracle) to one of your nodes where Oracle RAC is installed.

Creating an Oracle RAC Database with DBCA

inventory is correctly located in the directory /etc/oraInst.loc, and that the oraInventory file is not corrupted. Also, perform clusterware diagnostics by using the following CVU command syntax:
/Grid_home/bin/cluvfy/cluvfy.sh stage -post crsinst -n nodelist.

For example, with the mountpoint /u01/app/grid/11.2.0, and nodes node1 and node2, run the following command:
$ /u01/app/grid/11.2.0/bin/cluvfy stage -post crsinst -n node1,node2

Note the following important information when using DBCA:
■

If nodes that are part of your cluster installation do not appear on the Node Selection page, then run Opatch lsinventory to perform inventory diagnostics and CVU to perform clusterware diagnostics. The global database name can be up to 30 characters in length, and must begin with an alphabetic character. The domain portion of the global database name can be no more than 128 characters and can contain only alphabetic and numeric characters, as well as the period (.) character. The SID prefix must begin with an alphabetic character. The maximum number of characters you can use for the SID prefix is 8 characters. DBCA uses the SID prefix to generate a unique value for the variable ORACLE_SID for each instance. On the Management Options page, you are provided with selections for Oracle Enterprise Manager monitoring and management interfaces. Database Control is always an option. If DBCA discovers Grid Control agents on the cluster, then it also provides you with the option Enterprise Manager with the Grid Control. Choose between Database Control and Grid Control interfaces. You can enable daily backup operations. For daily backups, you enter the backup time and operating system credentials for the user that performs backup operations. You can no longer set up e-mail notification either from DBCA or OUI with Oracle RAC 11g release 11.2.0.2 and later.

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Note that with Oracle RAC 11g release 2 and later, the storage administration role, SYSASM, requires membership in the OSASM group. This group may not be the same as OSDBA, whose members are granted the SYSDBA privilege. Tasks that require the SYSASM privilege in this list are marked with SYSASM Privilege. SYSASM Privilege: To use a Fast Recovery Area, Oracle recommends that you create at least two separate Oracle ASM disk groups: one for the database area and one for the recovery area. Oracle recommends that you place the database area and the recovery area in separate failure groups. If you have divided administrative privileges, then ask your storage administrator to set up the Fast Recovery Area. A failure group is defined by shared hardware, such as a controller shared between two storage devices, or two disks that are on the same spindle. If two storage devices share hardware that could fail, making both storage devices unavailable, then these storage devices are said to be in the same failure group. If you do not use Oracle ASM, then Oracle recommends that the data files and the Fast Recovery Area are located outside of the Oracle home, in separate locations, as with separate Oracle ASM failure groups, so that a hardware failure does not affect availability.

a Fast Recovery Area, and Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for information about failure groups and best practices for high availability and recovery
■

SYSASM Privilege: On the Oracle ASM Disk Groups page, if you do not see the storage devices that you want to add, then click Change Disk Discovery Path to alter the search path used by DBCA to find available storage devices. You can select storage devices with a status of Candidate or Former (never used in an Oracle ASM disk group or no longer in a group) by selecting the box. If you want to add storage devices that still have Oracle ASM disk headers, but the disk group is no longer in use (a case that can occur if you are selecting storage devices after an aborted install, you attempted deinstallation without dropping the disk group, or other configuration problems), then use the Force command. On the Recovery Configuration page, if you are using Oracle ASM or cluster file system storage, then you can also select the Fast Recovery Area and size on the Recovery Configuration page. If you are using Oracle ASM, then the Fast Recovery Area defaults to the Oracle ASM Disk Group. If you are using OCFS2, then the Fast Recovery Area defaults to $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area. On the Initialization Parameters page, if you are installing on a Linux system, note that Memory Size (SGA and PGA), which sets the initialization parameter MEMORY_TARGET or MEMORY_MAX_TARGET, cannot be greater than the shared memory filesystem on your operating system. For example, if the shared memory filesystem allocation on your system is 1 GB, but you set Memory Size (MEMORY_TARGET) to 2 GB, then you receive the following error during database startup:
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system ORA-01078: Failure in processing system parameters

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This issue is not relevant for other platforms. For all platforms, if you intend to add more nodes in your cluster than you have during the current DBCA session, then click All Initialization Parameters, and change the parameter CLUSTER_DATABASE_INSTANCES to the total number of nodes that you plan to add to the cluster. In addition, if you click All Initialization Parameters, note that if your global database name is longer than 8 characters, then the database name value (in the DB_NAME parameter) is truncated to the first 8 characters, and the DB_UNIQUE_NAME parameter value is set to the global name.
See Also: Oracle Database Administrator's Reference for Linux and UNIX-Based Operating Systems for information about initialization parameters

After you respond to DBCA prompts, review the Summary dialog information and click OK, DBCA does the following:
■ ■ ■ ■

Starts the listeners and database instances, and then starts the high availability services Configures Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control or Grid Control
Caution: After you have created the database, if you decide that you want to install additional Oracle Database products in the database you have created, then you must stop all processes running in the Oracle home before you attempt to install the additional products, so that Oracle Universal Installer can relink certain executables and libraries. Refer to Appendix E, "How to Stop Processes in an Existing Oracle Real Application Clusters Database" for additional information.

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3.7 Deleting an Oracle RAC Database with DBCA
This section explains how to delete an Oracle RAC database with DBCA. This process deletes a database and removes a database's initialization parameter files, instances, OFA structure, and an Oracle network configuration. However, this process does not remove data files if you placed the files on raw devices or on raw partitions. To delete a database with DBCA:
1.

Select Delete a database, and click Next. DBCA displays the List of Cluster Databases page. If your user ID and password are not operating-system authenticated, then the List of Cluster Databases page displays the user name and password fields. If these fields appear, then enter a user ID and password for a user account that has SYSDBA privileges. Select the database to delete, and click Finish. After you click Finish, DBCA displays a dialog box to confirm the database and instances that DBCA is going to delete.

5.

6.

Click OK to begin the deletion of the database and its associated files, services, and environment settings, or click Cancel to stop the operation.

When you click OK, DBCA continues the operation and deletes all the associated instances for this database. DBCA also removes the parameter files, password files, and oratab entries. At this point, you have accomplished the following:
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Deleted the selected database from the cluster Deleted high availability services that were assigned to the database Deleted the Oracle Net configuration for the database Deconfigured Database Control for that database Deleted the OFA directory structure for that database from the cluster
3-7

Patch sets for Oracle databases are identified in the Description column as Product:Patchset x.2) to
4. click View README and read the page that appears. specify the current release number.com
2.x.1.
9. find the latest patch set for Oracle Database.Required Postinstallation Tasks
Note: Browsers require an Adobe Flash plug-in. version 9.adobe.115 or
higher to use My Oracle Support. If you do not have Flash installed. and save the file on your system. Use the unzip utility provided with Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. Specify the following information. uncompress the Oracle patch updates that you downloaded from My Oracle Support. 8.oracle. Check your browser for the correct version of Flash plug-in by going to the Adobe Flash checker page.x PATCH SET FOR ORACLE DATABASE SERVER.
In the Patch column. 5.
Log in to My Oracle Support.
Note: If you are not a My Oracle Support registered user. click Simple Search. select Product or Family. specify Patchset/Minipack. In the Release field. complete the following procedure to set external jobs ownership to the low-privilege user extjob:
1. click the number of the patch that you want to download. The unzip utility is located in the $ORACLE_HOME/bin directory. and installing the latest version of Adobe Flash. then click Go:
■
In the Search By field. In the Patches section. select your platform. In the Patch Type field.
7.
3. The README page contains information about the patch set and how to apply the patches to your installation. 4. click Download. then click Register for My Oracle Support and register.
In the Results list.2 Setting External Jobs Ownership for Installations on HP-UX
On HP-UX platforms only. On the Patch Set page.
Use a Web browser to view the My Oracle Support Web site: https://support.
On the main My Oracle Support page. In the Platform or Language field. then download the latest version of the Flash Player from the Adobe web site:
http://www.x. Change directory to the Oracle Database Oracle home:
# cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/
4-2 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
.0. Return to the Patch Set page.
10.
Log on as root. and then specify RDBMS Server. click Patches & Updates. 2.com/go/getflashplayer
To download required patch updates:
1.
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6.

then you must complete the following task to continue to use that version. Set run_user to the external jobs user (extjob).1. refer to the manual in the product documentation library which is available in the DOC directory on the Oracle Database installation media. On Linux. 3.dat files on the local file system.1. To relocate the files:
1.2) database products or options. if your Oracle RAC installation is created on OCFS2.
Stop the Oracle Database instance. Create symbolic links from the $ORACLE_HOME/dbs directory to the *.
4.ora only as root.dat) that typically reside in $ORACLE_HOME/dbs to a local file system.sh Script Setting the Oracle User Environment Variables Recompiling all PL/SQL modules Setting Up Additional User Accounts
Oracle Real Application Clusters Postinstallation Procedures
4-3
.4.1. then you do not need to read this section. and the version of OCFS2 that you are using is earlier than 1.1. Restart the Oracle Database instance.4 Relocating Instance-Related Memory-Mapped files from OCFS2 Using Symbolic Links
If you install Oracle RAC on a standard local file system.dat files to a directory on a local file system. Move the $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/*.
Note: Modify externaljob. or on the OTN Web site.
4. For example:
run_user=extproc run_group=other
5. On OCFS2 versions earlier than 1.ora with a text editor. and find the parameters run_user and run_group.
Save the file. such as other. you must relocate the healthcheck files (*. 4.3 Configuring Oracle Products
Many Oracle products and options must be configured before you use them for the first time.
Open externaljob.2 Recommended Postinstallation Tasks
Oracle recommends that you complete the following tasks after installing Oracle RAC:
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Backing Up the root. and create symbolic links to it from the original path. 4. This is required because these OCFS2 versions for Linux do not support shared writable map access that the Oracle software uses to manipulate the healthcheck files. 2. Before using individual Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.
4.4.Recommended Postinstallation Tasks
3. and set run_group to a low-privileged group.

also add ORACLE_HOME/bin to the path environment variable. then you can recover it from the root. you are ready to perform the initial configuration tasks described in Chapter 5.sh Script
Oracle recommends that you back up the root.Recommended Postinstallation Tasks
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Running Oracle RAC Configuration Audit Tool
4.sql
4.
1. as follows:
$ sqlplus "/ AS SYSDBA"
2. then you receive an error message requesting that you set these variables.sql script.5 Running Oracle RAC Configuration Audit Tool
Oracle recommends that you run the Oracle RAC Configuration Audit tool (RACcheck) to check your Oracle RAC installation.0/dbhome_1 PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin ORACLE_SID=sales1
If the environment variables ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID are not set. set the environment variables ORACLE_BASE and ORACLE_HOME. This is an optional step but Oracle recommends that you do it immediately following installation.2. "Configuring the Server Parameter File in Oracle Real Application Clusters Environments". not at a later date. RACcheck is an Oracle RAC
4-4 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. Start SQL*Plus.sql script after creating or upgrading a database.
3. procedures. and types.2. refer to Oracle Database 11g Administrator's Guide for UNIX Systems. including packages.sh script. If you require information contained in the original root.
4.sh script after you complete an installation.2. When you complete these procedures. where Oracle_home is the Oracle home path:
SQL> @Oracle_home/rdbms/admin/utlrp. This script recompiles all PL/SQL modules that might be in an invalid state.2.4 Setting Up Additional User Accounts
For information about setting up additional optional user accounts. For example:
export export export export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/11.
Complete setting up the Oracle software owner user account environment (for example. oracle).
4.2. and you try to use SQL*Plus or other tools. oracle).
4.3 Recompiling all PL/SQL modules
Oracle recommends that you run the utlrp.2 Setting the Oracle User Environment Variables
On each node. and ORACLE_SID. then the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) updates the contents of the existing root.
Run the utlrp.1 Backing Up the root. If you install other products in the same Oracle home directory.sh file copy.sh script during the installation.2. in the installation owner user profile file (in this example. as described in "Setting the Oracle User Environment Variables" in the preceding section.

You can also specify the database SID by using the -s option in the command line. It uses the following syntax. and running RACcheck configuration audit tool.1. Oracle recommends that you download and run the latest version of RACcheck from My Oracle Support. You must create this account in both Connected and Disconnected modes. However. where the SID is orcl:
$ORACLE_HOME/ccr/admin/scripts/installCCRSQL. To enable or disable a particular database feature for an Oracle home. The chopt tool is a command-line utility that is located in the directory ORACLE_ HOME/bin.
See Also:
■
Oracle Configuration Manager Installation and Administration Guide for further information Oracle Database Vault Administrator's Guide for additional configuration tasks
■
4. Oracle Clusterware. as in the following example. which is available at the following URL: https://support.4 Enabling and Disabling Database Options After Installation
When you install Oracle Database.sh collectconfig -s orcl
For Oracle RAC.3 Oracle Configuration Manager Postinstallation Configuration for Oracle RAC
If you have installed Oracle Configuration Manager. Oracle Automatic Storage Management and the Oracle Grid Infrastructure environment. The database account stores the PL/SQL procedures that collect the configuration information. some options are enabled and others are disabled. then you must run a script to create a database account to collect database configuration collections. shut down the database and use the chopt tool. refer to My Oracle Support note 1268927.oracle. To configure the database for configuration collection. where db_option is the option whose status you want to modify: chopt [enable | disable] db_option
Oracle Real Application Clusters Postinstallation Procedures 4-5
. you must run the database script against only one instance.Enabling and Disabling Database Options After Installation
auditing tool that checks various important configuration settings within Oracle Real Application Clusters.sh creates an Oracle Configuration Manager user and loads the PL/SQL procedure into the database defined by the ORACLE_SID.sh collectconfig -s SID -r\ SYSDBA-USER -p SYSDBA-PASSWORD
The script installCCRSQL. After the account has been set up. Oracle Configuration Manager must be installed in all instance homes. For information about downloading. configuring.com/CSP/main/article?cmd=show&type=NOT&id=1268927. run the following script:
$ORACLE_HOME/ccr/admin/scripts/installCCRSQL. the account is locked because login privileges are no longer required. such as the local instance on which you performed the installation.1
See Also: Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide
4. and the account owns the database management system (DBMS) job that performs the collection.

You can change parameter settings in the SPFILE file by using only Oracle Enterprise Manager or ALTER SYSTEM SET SQL statements. Do not try to edit this file manually.5
Configuring the Server Parameter File in Oracle Real Application Clusters Environments
5
This chapter describes server parameter file (SPFILE) placement and configuration in Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) environments. and for a discussion of parallel execution-related parameters in Oracle RAC data warehouse environments
5. Oracle recommends that you manage parameters using an SPFILE. overriding these settings can adversely affect performance.
Configuring the Server Parameter File in Oracle Real Application Clusters Environments
5-1
.
5.
Note: Oracle recommends that you avoid modifying the values
for self-tuning parameters. You can use two types of files for parameter administration: the server parameter file (SPFILE) or one or more traditional client-side parameter files. then Oracle does not preserve parameter changes made for self-tuning after shutdown.2 Using Server Parameter Files with Oracle RAC
By default. because the server parameter file is a binary file. This chapter contains the following topics:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Parameter Files and Oracle RAC Using Server Parameter Files with Oracle RAC Parameter File Search Order in Oracle RAC Migrating to the SPFILE in Oracle RAC Environments Server Parameter File Errors in Oracle RAC
See Also: The Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide for more information about parameters. Oracle Database creates the init parameter file (PFILE) for each node based on one SPFILE. If you use client-side parameter files.1 Parameter Files and Oracle RAC
Oracle Database uses parameter settings in parameter files to determine how to control various database resources.

and the variable dbname is the database name. 3.Parameter File Search Order in Oracle RAC
If you are upgrading from a previous Oracle Database release. You do not need to create or maintain initORACLE_SID. The default location of the server parameter file (SPFILE) is in the following path:
$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfile$ORACLE_SID. the variable shared_mount is the shared mount point. Database Agent automatically maintains the SPFILE based on the value you specify in the srvctl command srvctl add/modify -p spfile.3 Parameter File Search Order in Oracle RAC
Oracle Database searches for your parameter file in the following order:
1. $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfilesid. if you use NFS storage.
Note: When you use DBCA to create the server parameter file. then review the following section about the server parameter file for Oracle RAC. then enter either a shared file system filename.ora
The default location of the server parameter file is inappropriate for Oracle RAC databases and Oracle ASM instances if you use storage on a node. start DBCA. if you use a cluster file system. because all instances must use the same server parameter file.
5. When you have made this selection. then on a Linux or UNIX system.ora'
In this syntax example.1 About the Server Parameter File
With Oracle Database 11g release 2 and later databases.ora
This path is valid for each instance and it refers to a single.ora
5-2 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. and to use the server parameter file.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initsid. the file should contain an entry similar to the following:
SPFILE='/nfs/db/oracle_dg/dbspfile'
However. select Create server parameter file (SPFILE) under the File Locations tab. shared initialization parameter file. For example. or enter the storage path in the Server Parameters Filename field. Instead.2. the
default SPFILE file name is $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init$ORACLE_ SID.ora
5. 2.ora files.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfile. where spfile is the name of the SPFILE. Oracle recommends that you use a PFILE in this directory:
$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init$ORACLE_SID. When the Initialization Parameters page appears. then use the following file location: On Linux and UNIX-based systems:
SPFILE='/shared_mount/dbname/spfiledbname. To use DBCA to create your database.

ora'
These statements read your combined initdbname. without SID prefixes.4. Copy all instance-specific parameter definitions from initsid.4 Migrating to the SPFILE in Oracle RAC Environments
Migrate to the SPFile by creating and editing the server parameter file using the procedures described in this section. dbname is the database name.2 Procedures for Migrating to the Server Parameter File
Migrate to the SPFILE file by completing the following procedures:
1. then Oracle recommends that you use the following command to define the location of the new SPFILE.
Oracle recommends that you use the SPFILE by using the PFILE as a pointer to the SPFILE. by copying all shared IFILE contents as is. where disk_group_name is the disk group name.ora is the SID that you use in the SPFILE entry from Step 3. where the variable sid is the SID of the instance:
sid. All parameters defined in your IFILE parameter files are global.4.
Combine the initialization parameter files for all instances into one initdbname.ora' FROM PFILE='Oracle_home/dbs/initdbname. For example:
STARTUP PFILE=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initsid.
5. or if you are using Oracle ASM disk groups or a cluster file system. Therefore.
If you are using a cluster file system. and Oracle_home is the Oracle home path:
CREATE SPFILE='+disk_group_name/db_uniquename/spfiledbname. Do this by running the STARTUP command as in the following example.ora'
If you use Oracle ASM. and then transfer the settings for the parameters from the merged file into your server parameter file. This section contains the following topics:
■ ■
Server Parameter File Placement in Oracle RAC Procedures for Migrating to the Server Parameter File
5.ora file.parameter=value
2. where the SID variable sid in the file initsid.
3.
4.ora file that you created by merging your IFILEs. where dbname is the name of the database. place the server parameter file in an Oracle ASM disk group or on a file system. Otherwise.Migrating to the SPFILE in Oracle RAC Environments
5.1 Server Parameter File Placement in Oracle RAC
For single-node cluster-enabled configurations.ora
Configuring the Server Parameter File in Oracle Real Application Clusters Environments
5-3
. where spfile is the name of the SPFILE:
srvctl modify database -p spfile
You can also create the server parameter file using the CREATE SPFILE statement as in the following example:
CREATE SPFILE='?/dbs/spfile_dbname. create them in the format parameter=value. then you can use the following syntax to create the server parameter file.ora files using the following syntax. db_uniquename is the database name.ora' FROM PFILE='?/dbs/initdbname. place the server parameter file on a shared raw device that is at least 5 MB in size.

then Oracle Database uses the server parameter file entry specified in the file initsid. or while reading the file during startup.5 Server Parameter File Errors in Oracle RAC
Oracle Database reports errors that occur during server parameter file creation.
See Also: The Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for more information about administering an Oracle ASM instance
5. then do either of the following:
■ ■
Shut down the instance. then Oracle records the error in your ALERT. If this happens. the SPFILE
for the Oracle ASM instance can be stored in Oracle ASM. If an error occurs during a parameter update.LOG file. Oracle Database does this when an error occurs while reading from or writing to the server parameter file. You can also place an Oracle ASM instance SPFILE on a file system. and ignores subsequent parameter updates to the file.Server Parameter File Errors in Oracle RAC
If you use this STARTUP command syntax. Enable the instance to continue running without regard for subsequent parameter updates.ora. recover the server parameter file. or you can use a traditional client-side parameter file for each Oracle ASM instance.
See Also: The Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide for more information about backing up the SPFILE
5-4 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
.
Note: With Oracle ASM 11g release 2 and later releases. and restart the instance.
Oracle Database displays errors for parameter changes that you attempt when you incorrectly use the ALTER SYSTEM SET statement.

Understanding Server Pools Configuring Database Control During and After Installation

6.1 Understanding Server Pools
Server pools are logical divisions of a cluster into pools of servers, which are allocated to host databases or other applications. Server pools are managed using crsctl and srvctl commands.
Caution: By default, any named user may create a server pool. To restrict the operating system users that have this privilege, Oracle strongly recommends that you add specific users to the CRS Administrators list.

See Also: Oracle Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide for

more information about adding users to the CRS Administrator's list. Each server pool name must be unique within the cluster. Two server pools cannot use the same name. There are two types of server pool management:
■

Administrator-managed: Database administrators define the servers on which databases resource run, and place resources manually as needed. This is the management strategy used in previous releases. Policy managed: Database administrators specify in which server pool (excluding generic or free) the database resource will run. Oracle Clusterware is responsible for placing the database resource on a server. The server pool name is a required attribute. You can also provide values for the following attributes; if you do not specify them, then they are set to the default value:
■

■

MIN_SIZE: Minimum number of servers on which you want a resource to run. The default is 0.

Configuring Server Pools and Enterprise Manager Database Control

6-1

Configuring Database Control During and After Installation

■

MAX_SIZE: Maximum number of servers on which you want a resource to run. The default is -1, which indicates that resources can run on all available nodes in the cluster. IMPORTANCE: The relative importance of the resource pool, used to determine how to reconfigure servers when a node joins or leaves the cluster. The default is 0.
Note: It is recommended that clients using Oracle Database 11g

■

release 2 and later databases using policy-managed server pools access the database using the Single Client Access Name (SCAN). Using SCAN is highly recommended because the instances of the policy-managed database can run on different servers at different times; using a virtual IP (VIP) address to connect to a particular node or instances for a policy-managed database is not possible.

6.1.1 Oracle RAC One Node and Server Pools
Note the following about Oracle RAC One Node and server pools:
■

Oracle RAC One Node runs only in one server pool. This server pool is treated the same as any other server pool. Online relocation of an Oracle RAC One Node database instances permits planned migrations of an Oracle RAC One Node database from one node to another node. Relocations must always be within a server pool. With WLM integration, online relocation of Oracle RAC One Node database instance operations do not take a server away from a server pool with its importance set to a lower value, because the target server must already be in the server pool, or in Free. An Oracle RAC One Node database can be a Data Guard physical standby.

Defining the number of servers or instances preferred for the application. Oracle Clusterware automatically allocates resources up to the number specified, so long as they are physically available, and relocates a resource to another node as necessary. Defining the number of instances required to support the application.

■

Resources are no longer defined as belonging to a specific instance or node. Instead, the priority of resource requirements is defined.
See Also: The Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide

6.2 Configuring Database Control During and After Installation
The following sections describe how Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control is configured during the Oracle RAC installation, and how you can configure Database Control after installation:
■

Understanding Using EMCA with Oracle RAC

6-2 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide

Configuring Database Control During and After Installation

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Configuring Database Control During Installation Configuring Database Control with DBCA Configuring Database Control After Installation Using EMCA Using an Input File for EMCA Parameters Specifying the Ports Used by Database Control EMCA Troubleshooting Tips

6.2.1 Understanding Using EMCA with Oracle RAC
Each EMCA command can be used in Oracle RAC environments, and certain commands are only applicable in cluster configurations. To perform EMCA cluster commands, use the -cluster flag that is available in almost every EMCA operational mode. When you use EMCA to configure Database Control for Oracle RAC, you configure the Database Control for each instance in the cluster. However, by default, the Database Control Console will only start on the local node. On every other node of the cluster, only the Enterprise Manager agent will start. This is because the Database Control Console opens a number of connections to the database. If an instance of the console is running on every host in the cluster, then you can easily exceed the maximum number of permitted open connections on a 32-node or 64-node environment. When Database Control Console is started on the local node, on every other node, the commands emctl start dbconsole and emctl stop dbconsole only start and stop the agent. Each of the remote agents upload their respective data to the console running on the local node, where you can monitor and manage all the targets in the cluster. On each instance of the Oracle RAC database, the following subdirectories will be created, where nodename is the name of a node in the cluster, and DBUniqueName is the database unique name.
$ORACLE_HOME/nodename_DBUniqueName $ORACLE_HOME/nodename_DBUniqueName

However, note that if you upgrade an existing Oracle RAC 10g release 1 database configured with Database Control to the current release, then the existing Database Control configuration is retained. The existing Database Control has a Database Console running on each cluster node. The console will still be started on each individual node. If you want to modify the existing configuration, then use the following command:
emca -reconfig dbcontrol –cluster –EM_NODE nodename -EM_NODE_LIST NODE_list

where nodename is the public name of the node, and NODE_list is a comma-deliminated list of nodes. This command reconfigures the current Database Control setup, and performs the following actions in sequence:
1. 2.

Starts a Database Control Console on nodename, if one has not been started yet. Redirects the agents monitoring the database instances in NODE_list so that they upload their data to the console running on nodename. Also, agents monitoring database instances on nodename will also upload their data to the local console. Note that if you do not enter the command options -EM_NODE or -EM_NODE_ LIST at the command line, you will be prompted for them.

Configuring Server Pools and Enterprise Manager Database Control

6-3

node3. and use the command emca -deleteNode db. node3. For example:
Node name: node2 Database Unique Name: EM102
To deconfigure Enterprise Manager for a specific node you are deleting from the cluster.node8
In this scenario. For information about the current cluster configuration. you can manage and monitor all of the targets in the cluster. run the command from a node in the cluster that already has Enterprise Manager configured for it.node4 $ emca -reconfig dbcontrol –cluster –EM_NODE node5 -EM_NODE_LIST node6. Also. because the Enterprise Manager configuration settings on the existing node are propagated to the new node when you run the command. After you add a new node. you can run the following commands in succession:
$ emca -reconfig dbcontrol –cluster –EM_NODE node1 -EM_NODE_LIST node2. After running the command emca -addNode db.Configuring Database Control During and After Installation
-EM_NODE defaults to the local node if not specified when prompted. then the listener for the target cannot be configured correctly. enter the node name and database unique name for the node and database. you do not need to use the -cluster option on the command line. For instance. Running EMCA only configures Enterprise Manager so that you can manage the instance in a way that is consistent with the rest of the cluster database instances.
To configure Enterprise Manager for a newly added node of a cluster. you can run EMCA to configure Database Control or central agent management for that node using the command emca -addNode db. one on node1 and the other on node5. Running this command removes the Enterprise Manager configuration so that you will no longer be able to manage the instance with Enterprise Manager on that node. node6. node4. log into a different node from the node that you plan to delete. node7. From either of these consoles. you do not need to use the -cluster option on the command line. use the following command:
$ emca -addNode db
On policy managed databases. node5. run the EMCA command only after you have added the node. -EM_NODE_LIST defaults to all nodes where the database is configured. In this case. and node8.node7. If you have a different TNS_ ADMIN set for each node. If not specified. set the same TNS_ADMIN on all cluster nodes before running the emca -cluster command. Use this command to start the console on more than one node. When configuring Enterprise Manager for a new node. Because this option can be used only in an Oracle RAC environment. Because the -addNode option can be used only in an Oracle RAC environment.
6-4 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. then check the TNS_ADMIN environment variable on all cluster nodes. another common operation is the addition and deletion of cluster nodes. on an eight-node cluster with nodes node1. node2. there are two Database Control consoles running. you can run the following command:
$ emca -displayConfig dbcontrol –cluster
Caution: If you use the command emca -cluster to configure Database Control for Oracle RAC. Ensure that you run the EMCA command before you delete the cluster node.

if you create a database using one of the following methods. the Grid Control Console option is unavailable and you must instead manage your database with Database Control.2) database so it can be managed with Database Control is to use DBCA. However. Advance to the Database page and select the database you want to configure.3 Configuring Database Control with DBCA
The primary method for configuring an existing Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. 4.2) installation. Start DBCA and change directory to the ORACLE_HOME/bin directory and enter the following command:
$ .2).
Log into the database host as a member of the administrative group that is authorized to install Oracle software and create and run the database.
See Also: "Installing Oracle Software and Building the Database" in Oracle Database 2 Day DBA Online Help for more information about using DBCA to create a new database instance.2 Configuring Database Control During Installation
If you create a database while installing Oracle RAC 11g release 2 (11.
3. the Oracle Management Service must be installed on a network host. Otherwise. and Oracle Enterprise Manager Real Application Clusters Guide Online Help for Oracle RAC examples using DBCA
To use DBCA to reconfigure your database so it can be managed with Database Control:
1.Configuring Database Control During and After Installation
6.2. For most of the Oracle RAC 11g release 2 (11. To select Grid Control Console as your management option. the Oracle Management Agent must be installed on the host where you are installing the database.2. 5.
Advance to the Operations page and select Configure Database Options.
6. 2. no hostname_dbuniquename directory is created in the resulting Oracle home directory.2) installation types. you must choose either Database Control or Grid Control as your management option when you create a database during the installation. In addition./dbca
The DBCA Welcome page appears. then you can choose not to configure Database Control:
■
Choosing the Advanced database configuration option during an Enterprise or Standard Edition installation Running Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) after the installation
■
If you do not configure Database Control during the Oracle RAC 11g release 2 (11. Advance to the Management Options page and select the following options:
■ ■
Configure the Database with Enterprise Manager Use Database Control for Database Management
Configuring Server Pools and Enterprise Manager Database Control 6-5
. you have the option of configuring your database so it can be managed by Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control Console or by Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Console. You can use DBCA to create a new database or to reconfigure an existing database.

However.example. then you can use the Enterprise Manager Configuration Assistant (EMCA). the directories are named nodename_dbuniquename.
7./emca -config dbcontrol db -backup
EMCA commands are of the form:
emca [operation] [mode] [flags] [parameters]
6-6 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. a new subdirectory appears in the Oracle home.
Advance until the Finish button is available. Click Finish to reconfigure the database so it uses Database Control.4 Configuring Database Control After Installation Using EMCA
When you use DBCA to configure Oracle RAC 11g release 2 (11.
Caution: During the configuration of Database Control using EMCA. the database may become unavailable. After DBCA reconfigures the database. and users may not be able to connect to the database or perform operations on the database.
Set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to identify the Oracle home for the database you want to manage: Change directory to the ORACLE_HOME/bin directory.
To configure Database Control with EMCA:
1.2).Configuring Database Control During and After Installation
6.2. For more information about Enterprise Manager notifications and daily backups.com_myNewDB
6. For example:
mycluster1. 3. Start EMCA by entering the following command with any of the optional command-line arguments shown in Table 6–1:
$ . For example. This directory is named using the following format and contains Database Control configuration and state files specific to the database you just configured:
hostname_dbuniquename
Note that for cluster databases. click Help on the Management Options page. if you want to use the operating system command line to configure Database Control. 2.
Optionally. EMCA prompts you for the information required to configure Database Control./emca
Depending upon the arguments you include on the EMCA command line. select the options for enabling e-mail notifications and enabling daily backups. enter the following command to configure Database Control so it will perform automatic daily backups of your database:
$ . 8. DBCA provides a graphical user interface to help you select Database Control options and to configure other aspects of your database.

Configuring Database Control During and After Installation

Note: To configure Database Console for a single-instance database

that uses Oracle ASM, you do not need to provide extra parameters with the EMCA command. Run the following command to configure the Database Console which will automatically detect the Oracle ASM instance:
emca -config dbcontrol db -repos create

Table 6–1 describes the valid execution operations and modes, and lists the optional parameters in brackets. Table 6–2 discusses the flags and their behavior, while Table 6–3 defines the optional parameters in detail. EMCA parameters are of the form [-parameterName parameterValue]. Multiple parameters can be used in combination at the command line.
Table 6–1 Command emca -h | --h | -help | --help EMCA Command-Line Operations Description Use this option to display the Help message for the EMCA utility. The options described in Table 6–1, Table 6–2, andTable 6–3, and the valid parameters you may include are listed. Prints the version information associated with EMCA. Configures Database Control for a database. Options include creating (or recreating) Database Control repository, configuring automatic backups, and performing these operations on a cluster database. Configures central agent management for a database or an Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM) instance. Options include performing this operation on a cluster environment.This operation will configure the database so that it can be centrally managed by the Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control Console. To use this option, you must have previously installed the Oracle Management Service component of Enterprise Manager on a network host. In addition, the Oracle Management Agent must be installed on the host where you are running the database. Configures both Database Control and central agent management for a database. The possible configuration options are similar to those described above. Deconfigures Database Control for a database. Options include dropping the Database Control repository and performing these operations on a cluster database. For example, you might use this command to remove the Database Control configuration from a database you are planning to delete. In such a scenario, remove the Database Control configuration before physically deleting the database. This operation does not remove the actual database or its data files. Deconfigures central agent management for a database or an Oracle ASM instance. Options include performing this operation on a cluster environment. For example, you might use this command to remove the central agent management configuration from a database you are planning to delete. In such a scenario, remove the central agent management configuration before physically deleting the database. This operation does not remove the actual database or its data files.

Table 6–1 (Cont.) EMCA Command-Line Operations Command emca -deconfig all db [-repos drop] [-cluster] [-silent] [parameters] emca -addNode (db | asm) [-silent] [parameters] Description Deconfigures both Database Control and central agent management for a database. The possible deconfiguration options are similar to those described above. Configures Enterprise Manager for a new cluster instance of a database or ASM storage. For more information, refer to "Understanding Using EMCA with Oracle RAC" on page 6-3. emca -deleteNode (db | asm) Deconfigures Enterprise Manager for a node getting deleted. [-silent] [parameters] This is discussed further below, in "Understanding Using EMCA with Oracle RAC". For more information, refer to "Understanding Using EMCA with Oracle RAC" on page 6-3. emca -addInst (db | asm) [-silent] [parameters] emca -deleteInst (db | asm) [-silent] [parameters] Configures Enterprise Manager for a new cluster instance of a database or Oracle ASM storage. For more information, refer to "Understanding Using EMCA with Oracle RAC" on page 6-3. Deconfigures Enterprise Manager for a specific instance of a cluster database or Oracle ASM storage. This is discussed further below, in "Understanding Using EMCA with Oracle RAC" on page 6-3.

emca -reconfig ports [-cluster] Explicitly reassigns Database Control ports. Options include [parameters] performing this operation on a cluster environment. For more information, refer to "Specifying the Ports Used by Database Control" on page 6-11. emca -reconfig dbcontrol -cluster [-silent] [parameters] Reconfigures Database Control deployment for a cluster database. Note that this command must be used with the "-cluster" option. For more information, refer to "Understanding Using EMCA with Oracle RAC" on page 6-3. Displays information about the current deployment configuration of Database Control in a cluster environment. Note that this command must be used with the "-cluster" option. For more information, refer to "Understanding Using EMCA with Oracle RAC" on page 6-3. Upgrades the configuration of an earlier version of Enterprise Manager to the current version. This operation can be performed for database, Oracle ASM, or database and Oracle ASM instances together simultaneously. This does not upgrade the actual database or Oracle ASM instances, nor does it upgrade the Enterprise Manager software. Instead, it upgrades the configuration files for the specified instance so that they are compatible with the current version of the Enterprise Manager software. EMCA will attempt to upgrade all instances of the specified database and/or Oracle ASM target on the host, across all Oracle Homes (since it is likely that certain target properties, such as listener port or Oracle Home, have changed).

emca -displayConfig dbcontrol -cluster [-silent] [parameters]

emca -upgrade (db | asm | db_asm) [-cluster] [-silent] [parameters]

emca -restore (db | asm | db_ Restores the current version of Enterprise Manager configuration to an earlier version. This is the inverse of the asm) [-cluster] [-silent] "-upgrade" option (and will reverse any changes that result [parameters] from an "-upgrade" operation), and as such, the options are similar.

6-8 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide

Configuring Database Control During and After Installation

Table 6–2 Flag db

EMCA Command-Line Flags Description Performs the operation for a database (including cluster databases). Use this option for databases that use Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM) to store the data files. If a database is using Oracle ASM, then all of the configuration operations and modes described here (except for -upgrade and "-restore) detect this automatically and apply the changes to both the database and Oracle ASM instance(s). Performs the operation only for Oracle ASM instances (including cluster Oracle ASM instances). This flag can only be used in -upgrade and -restore mode. Performs the upgrade/restore operation for a database and an Oracle ASM instance together. Database and Oracle ASM instances may be upgraded or restored separately (that is, upgrading an Oracle ASM instance does not require upgrading the database instances it services). Therefore, the Enterprise Manager configuration can be upgraded or restored separately for a database and its respective Oracle ASM instance. Creates a new Database Control management repository. Drops the current Database Control management repository. Drops the current Database Control management repository and then recreates a new one. Performs the operation for a cluster database or Oracle ASM instance. Performs the operation without prompting for additional information. If this mode is specified, then all the required parameters must be entered at the command line or specified in an input file using the –respFile argument. You can view a list of the available parameters by entering emca -help at the command line. Configures automatic backup for a database. EMCA will prompt for daily automatic backup options. The default Enterprise Manager settings will be used to backup the database files. Note: If you use this option, EMCA will use the value of the db_ recovery_file_dest initialization parameter to identify the recovery area for the automated backups. If that parameter is not set, EMCA will generate an error. You can modify these settings later using the Maintenance page in Database Control. For more information, see the Database Control online Help.

asm db_asm

-repos create -repos drop -repos recreate -cluster -silent

-backup

Table 6–3 Parameter -respFile -SID -PORT

EMCA Command-Line Parameters Description Specifies the path of an input file listing parameters for EMCA to use while performing its configuration operation. Database system identifier Port number for the listener servicing the database Database Oracle Home, as an absolute path Oracle Home from where the listener is running. If the listener is running from an Oracle Home other than the one on which the database is running, the parameter LISTENER_OH must be specified.

-ORACLE_HOME -LISTENER_OH

Configuring Server Pools and Enterprise Manager Database Control

6-9

Configuring Database Control During and After Installation

Table 6–3 (Cont.) EMCA Command-Line Parameters Parameter -HOST_USER -HOST_USER_PWD -BACKUP_SCHEDULE -EMAIL_ADDRESS -MAIL_SERVER_NAME -ASM_OH -ASM_SID -ASM_PORT -ASM_USER_ROLE -ASM_USER_NAME -ASM_USER_PWD -DBSNMP_PWD -SYSMAN_PWD -SYS_PWD -SRC_OH -DBCONTROL_HTTP_ PORT Description Host machine user name (for automatic backup) Host machine user password (for automatic backup) Schedule in the form of "HH:MM" (for daily automatic backups) E-mail address for notifications Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications Oracle Automatic Storage Management Oracle Home System identifier for Oracle ASM instance Port number for the listener servicing the Oracle ASM instance User role for connecting to the Oracle ASM instance User name for connecting to the Oracle ASM instance Password for connecting to the Oracle ASM instance Password for DBSNMP user Password for SYSMAN user Password for SYS user Oracle Home of the database with Enterprise Manager configuration to be upgraded/restored Use this parameter to specify the port you use to display the Database Control Console in your Web browser. For more information, refer to "Specifying the Ports Used by Database Control" on page 6-11. Use this parameter to specify the Management Agent port for Database Control. For more information, refer to "Specifying the Ports Used by Database Control" on page 6-11. Use this parameter to specify the RMI port for Database Control. For more information, refer to "Specifying the Ports Used by Database Control" on page 6-11. Use this parameter to specify the JMS port for Database Control. For more information, refer to "Specifying the Ports Used by Database Control" on page 6-11. Cluster name (for cluster databases) Database unique name (for cluster databases) Database service name (for cluster databases) Node from which Database Control console is to be run (for cluster databases). For more information, refer to "Understanding Using EMCA with Oracle RAC" on page 6-3. Comma-separated list of nodes for agent-only configurations, uploading data to –EM_NODE. For more information, refer to "Understanding Using EMCA with Oracle RAC" on page 6-3.

-AGENT_PORT

-RMI_PORT

-JMS_PORT

-CLUSTER_NAME -DB_UNIQUE_NAME -SERVICE_NAME -EM_NODE

-EM_NODE_LIST

6.2.5 Using an Input File for EMCA Parameters
Instead of answering a series of prompts when you run EMCA, you can use the -respFile argument to specify an input file. The input file that you create must be in a format similar to the following example:
PORT=1521 6-10 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide

2). you can then display the Database Control Console using the following URL:
http://host. The following list summarizes the EMCA command-line arguments that control the standard Database Control port assignments:
■
-DBCONTROL_HTTP_PORT port_number This port number is used in the Database Control Console URL.domain:1158/em
This is the default port assigned to Database Control by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).Configuring Database Control During and After Installation
SID=DB DBSNMP_PWD=xpE234D SYSMAN_PWD=KDOdk432
After you create an EMCA input file. if you set this port to 5570. Likewise. you can use it on the command line as follows:
$ . to configure the Database Control to perform daily backups and create the Database Control Management Repository.6 Specifying the Ports Used by Database Control
When you initially install Oracle RAC 11g release 2 (11. as assigned by the IANA. then enter the following command at the operating system prompt:
$ . create an input file similar to the one shown in the following example:
PORT=1521 SID=DB DBSNMP_PWD=dow3l224 SYSMAN_PWD=squN3243 HOST_USER=johnson HOST_USER_PWD=diTf32of SYS_PWD=qlKj4352 BACKUP_SCHEDULE=06:30
When you have created the input file. use the following EMCA command-line arguments when you initially configure the Database Control with EMCA. you access Database Control using port 1158 in 11g Release 2./emca -config dbcontrol db -respFile input_file_path
For example. the default Database Control Agent port. you can explicitly assign ports after configuring Database Control using the following command:
emca -reconfig ports [-cluster]
Note: You can also use the following EMCA command-line
arguments to configure Database Control after you have installed and configured Oracle RAC 11g release 2 (11.2) or configure Database Control with EMCA. is 3938. Alternatively./emca -config dbcontrol db -repos create -backup -respFile input_file_path
6. To use ports other than the default ports.2. Database Control uses a set of default system ports. by default.domain:5570/em
Configuring Server Pools and Enterprise Manager Database Control 6-11
. For example. as in:
http://host. For example.

When a port other than the default port (1521) is used. However. port. or other target-associated properties. in the Home page for the upgraded database (or Oracle ASM) target.7. The default port can be changed if you want to configure a specific port for Database Console. use the -RMI_PORT or -JMS_PORT options along with the emca reconfig command.7 EMCA Troubleshooting Tips
The following section describes some troubleshooting tips to consider when using EMCA to configure the Database Control:
■ ■ ■ ■
Using EMCA After Changing the Database Listener Port Upgrading 11g Release 2 Grid Control Agents Using EMCA When Database Host Name or IP Address Changes Using EMCA When the TNS Configuration Is Changed
6.3 Using EMCA When Database Host Name or IP Address Changes
When the database host name (including the domain name) or the IP address changes. To update these targets. On the Monitoring Configuration page. This is because the upgrade involves altering the instance Oracle Home. When a port other than the default port (1521) is used.
6.2. then the database status appears as down. The default port can be changed if you want to configure a specific port for Database Console. run the EMCA command using the -config dbcontrol db [-cluster] command-line arguments. some of these targets on the hosts are not updated successfully during the upgrade if they are managed by an Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.
■
-JMS_PORT port_number This port is used by the OC4J Java Message Service (JMS).
■
-AGENT_PORT port_number This port is used by the Database Control Management Agent.7. click the Monitoring Configuration.2. you can update properties such as Oracle Home. deconfigure and then reconfigure the Database Console with the -repos create flag for the emca command. which is part of the J2EE software required by Database Control. For example:
emca -deconfig dbcontrol db -repos drop
6-12 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. which is part of the J2EE software required by Database Control. use the -RMI_PORT or -JMS_PORT options along with the emca reconfig command.1 Using EMCA After Changing the Database Listener Port
If you change the listener port of the database after you have configured Database Control. To reconfigure Database Control so it uses the new listener port. which is monitoring and administering the database for the Database Control.2.
6.
6.2 Upgrading 11g Release 2 Grid Control Agents
When upgrading an Oracle Database 10g Release 1 database and Oracle ASM instance that was configured for Oracle Enterprise Manager (either Database Control or a Grid Control central agent) to an Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.Configuring Database Control During and After Installation
■
-RMI_PORT port_number This port number is used by the Remote Method Invocation (RMI) system. all Enterprise Manager targets on the relevant hosts referring to the upgraded instances are updated automatically.2.2) database. listener port and so on to the correct values.2) Grid Control Agent.7.

4 Using EMCA When the TNS Configuration Is Changed
When the TNS configuration is changed.2.7.Configuring Database Control During and After Installation
emca -config dbcontrol db -repos create
or
emca -deconfig dbcontrol db emca -config dbcontrol db -repos recreate
6. set the environment variable and then run the following command:
emca -config dbcontrol db
Configuring Server Pools and Enterprise Manager Database Control 6-13
.

During an Oracle Clusterware installation. and uses that time zone value on all of the nodes as the default time zone setting for all processes that Oracle Clusterware manages.3 Oratab Configuration for Oracle RAC
Oracle creates an entry for each Oracle RAC database in the oratab configuration file. The database entry has the following syntax:
$DB_UNIQUE_NAME:$ORACLE_HOME:N
A colon (:) is used as the field terminator. However.2 Understanding Time Zone Settings on Cluster Nodes
Oracle RAC requires that all cluster nodes have the same time zone setting. Lines beginning with a pound sign (#) are comments. and to determine if the database should be started automatically when the system is restarted. Because all the instances of an Oracle RAC database have the same DB_UNIQUE_NAME. Oracle Enterprise Manager uses the oratab file during service discovery to determine the name of the Oracle RAC database. and any other managed processes.4 Database Components Created Using Database Configuration Assistant
This section describes the database components that DBCA creates. You can change the time zone that Oracle Clusterware uses for a database by running the command srvctl setenv database -T 'TZ=time zone. an Oracle Database is divided into smaller logical areas of space known as tablespaces. and it is updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating or deleting a database. Oracle ASM. which include:
■ ■ ■
Tablespaces and Data files Control Files Redo Log Files
7. the installation process determines the time zone setting of the Grid installation owner on the node where Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) runs. The oratab file is created by the root. This default setting is used for databases. Each tablespace
7-2 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. if you start an instance with SQL*Plus.1 Tablespaces and Data files
For both single-instance and cluster database environments. and N indicates that the database should not be started at restart time.sh script during installation. use the $DB_UNIQUE_NAME environment variable in the oratab file as the database entry. $ORACLE_HOME is the directory path to the database. but each instance has its own ORACLE_ SID. The following is an example entry for a database named sales:
sales:/u01/app/oracle/sales:N
7. The $DB_UNIQUE_NAME identifier for your Oracle RAC database must be unique across your enterprise. Oracle ASM Agent creates Oracle ASM oratab entries. you must ensure that the time zone value that Oracle RAC uses is the same as the Oracle Clusterware time zone. The oratab file entry is also created automatically by the Database Agent when a database is first started on a node where it has not run previously.Understanding Time Zone Settings on Cluster Nodes
7. A new line terminates the entry.
7.4.

then these files are shared file system files.
7. views. To manage undo tablespaces.3 Redo Log Files
Each instance is configured with at least two redo log files that are stored in the shared storage. including definitions of tables. or the constructs GROUP BY. The data file names created by the preconfigured database configuration options vary by storage type such as Oracle ASM. Automatic Undo Management is an automated undo tablespace management mode that is easier to administer than manual undo management. ORDER BY. or DISTINCT.2 Control Files
The database is configured with two control files that are stored on shared storage. or a file system. When Oracle ASM and Oracle Managed Files are used along with Automatic Undo Management. EXAMPLE.
Tablespace Name SYSTEM
SYSAUX
USERS TEMP
UNDOTBSn RBS
You cannot alter these tablespace names when using the preconfigured database configuration options from OUI. If you use Oracle ASM. You may need to expand this tablespace if you are running a SQL statement that involves significant sorting. Oracle recommends that you use Automatic Undo Management. you can change the names of the tablespaces if you use the advanced database creation method. you must enter the block or raw device names. then these files are stored on the Oracle ASM disk group. XDB (for XML features). and thus does not have an
Understanding the Oracle Real Application Clusters Installed Configuration
7-3
. Contains temporary tables and indexes created during SQL statement processing. ODM (for Oracle Data Mining).4.
Table 7–1 Tablespace Names Used with Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases Contents Consists of the data dictionary. INDEX. Oracle Database fills this space with your data. If you do not use automatic undo management. Oracle Database automatically maintains information in this tablespace. and stored procedures needed by the database. An auxiliary system tablespace that contains the DRSYS (contains data for Oracle Text). Contains undo tablespaces for each instance that DBCA creates for automatic undo management. CWMLITE (contains the OLAP schemas). Consists of application data.5 Managing Undo Tablespaces in Oracle RAC
Oracle Database stores rollback or undo information in undo tablespaces. each tablespace has one or more data files. and OEM-REPO tablespaces. such as ANALYZE COMPUTE STATISTICS on a very large table. TOOLS (contains Oracle Enterprise Manager tables).Managing Undo Tablespaces in Oracle RAC
corresponds to one or more data files on the shared storage. then Oracle Database uses the RBS tablespace for the rollback segments. an instance that is started for the first time. The file names of the redo log files that are created with the preconfigured database configuration options vary by storage type. As you create and enter data into tables. As mentioned. If you use a file system.
7.4.
7. However. Table 7–1 shows the tablespace names used by an Oracle RAC database and the types of data they contain. Unless you are using a cluster file system.

8 Understanding Service Registration-Related Parameters
Oracle RAC databases provide the important benefits of connection load balancing and failover. The same is also true for redo logs. Standalone Oracle Databases perform load balancing by distributing connections among local dispatchers.6 Initialization Parameter Files
Oracle recommends using the server parameter file (SPFILE) for storing Oracle Database initialization parameters. or within the cluster in a GNS configuration.
See Also: Chapter 5.7 Oracle Database Default Audit Policy and Initialization Parameters
Oracle Database installs a baseline database auditing policy. tablespaces. The addresses resolve using Round Robin DNS either on the DNS server.
See Also: Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide for more information about managing undo tablespaces
7. This policy covers the access control configuration information stored in Oracle Database database tables. information stored in Oracle Catalog (rollback segments. and High Availability
7. SCANs provide location independence for the databases. Oracle Database 11g release 2 and later instances only register with SCAN listeners as remote listeners. and so on). SPFILEs must be located on shared storage. and also continue to register with all node listeners. Oracle RAC databases increase load balancing by using the Oracle Clusterware SCANs (Single Client Access Name) to balance connections among all instances in a cluster database. the use of system privileges. SCANs run on the cluster. Upgraded databases register with SCAN listeners as remote listeners. so that client configuration does not have to depend on which nodes are running a particular database. "Configuring the Server Parameter File in
Oracle Real Application Clusters Environments" for more information about the creation and use of parameter files
7. For example.Initialization Parameter Files
undo tablespace. Review the following sections to understand the Oracle RAC load-balancing features:
■ ■
Understanding Single Client Access Name (SCAN) and Load-balancing Understanding Load-Balancing. including the Oracle ASM SPFILE. and Oracle Label Security configuration.
See Also: Oracle Database Vault Administrator's Guide for more information about the database audit policy
7.1 Understanding Single Client Access Name (SCAN) and Load-balancing
The Single Client Access Name (SCAN) is a fully qualified name (hostname+domain) that is configured to resolve to all the addresses allocated for the SCAN. if you configure
7-4 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. Oracle recommends that you store all SPFILEs on Oracle ASM. Failover. not on a cluster node.8. will have its undo tablespace created for it by another instance automatically. SCAN listeners can run on any node in the cluster. all instances in a cluster database can access this parameter file.

If the SCAN resolves to three addresses. then the SCAN address will be similar to myscan.mycluster. Oracle Database uses both dedicated and shared server
Understanding the Oracle Real Application Clusters Installed Configuration
7-5
. and the domain is example. Oracle RAC provides failover with the node VIP addresses by configuring multiple listeners on multiple nodes to manage client connection requests for the same database service. using SCANs is not required. The Database Agent (previously known as racgimon) configures the LOCAL_LISTENER initialization parameters automatically.com. SCANs function like a node virtual IP (VIP) address. enabling fast notification of the failure to the clients connecting through the VIP. Clients configured to use IP addresses for Oracle Database releases prior to Oracle Database 11g release 2 can continue to use their existing connection addresses. and clients can start using the SCAN to connect to that database. In this case. However. if the name of the cluster is mycluster. DBCA configures your environment with dedicated servers. For example. so unlike a virtual IP address for a node. Oracle Clusterware routes client application requests from the SCAN to the VIP on the least loaded instance providing the service. The database registers with the SCAN listener through the remote listener parameter in the init. If the application and client are configured with transparent application failover options. then you need to change the REMOTE_LISTENER configuration. then there are three SCAN listeners created. However. it registers with the SCAN listeners. Because the SCAN addresses resolve to the cluster. The REMOTE_LISTENER parameter is always set to the SCAN address. During Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. Do not set it to a TNSNAMES alias with a single address with the SCAN as HOST=SCAN.
See Also: The Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for detailed information about SCANs and their configuration
7.2 Understanding Load-Balancing. then the service connecting to the VIP is relocated transparently to a surviving node. Set the REMOTE_LISTENER to the SCAN port and SCAN using the SQL command ALTER SYSTEM SET REMOTE_LISTENER.example. SCAN listeners are created for as many IP addresses as there are addresses assigned to resolve to the SCAN. nodes can be added to or removed from the cluster without affecting the SCAN address configuration. Oracle recommends that the SCAN resolves to three addresses. and the REMOTE_LISTENER parameter identifies the global list of listeners.ora file. If a node fails.8. clients connecting to the SCAN no longer require updated virtual IP addresses as nodes are added to or removed from the cluster. The LOCAL_LISTENER parameter identifies the local listener. and High Availability
Connection load balancing and failover increase availability by taking advantage of the redundant resources within a cluster database. The REMOTE_LISTENER parameter must be set to SCAN:PORT. SCANs are resolved to SCAN VIPs that run on any node in the cluster. You do not need to alter this setting. Failover. If you change the SCAN port. By default. if you select the Shared server option when using DBCA.Understanding Service Registration-Related Parameters
policy managed server pools in a cluster. then Oracle configures the shared server. then the SCAN enables connections to databases in these server pools regardless of which nodes are allocated to the server pool. rather than to a node address in the cluster.com:1521. then the client is reconnected to the surviving node. When an earlier version of Oracle Database is upgraded. to provide high availability and scalability.

The Database Agent sets the LOCAL_LISTENER parameter to a connect descriptor that does not require a TNS alias. shared and dedicated server configurations. there is one GNS daemon for the cluster.Configuring the Listener File (listener.9.
7. which routes these requests to the GNS daemon.ora)
processing. the DISPATCHERS parameter is specified as in the following example:
DISPATCHERS="(protocol=tcp)"
If the DISPATCHERS initialization parameter does not specify the LISTENER attribute as in the previous example.
See Also: The Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide for further information about cross-instance registration.ora)
You can configure two types of listeners in the listener.1 Grid Naming Service (GNS) and Listeners
If you enable Grid Naming Service (GNS). it refers to the database name (or Oracle SID) that you entered when prompted by DBCA. the PMON process registers dispatcher information with the listeners specified by the LISTENER attribute. it registers its addresses with GNS.ora file as described in the following sections:
■ ■ ■ ■
Grid Naming Service (GNS) and Listeners About Local Listeners About Multiple Listeners How Oracle Database Uses the Listener File (listener. However. When shared servers are configured. when the LISTENER attribute is specified. Service requests to the cluster domain that GNS manages are routed to the GNS virtual IP address. and connection load balancing
7. setting the LISTENER attribute overrides REMOTE_LISTENER settings for the specified dispatchers as in the following example:
DISPATCHERS="(protocol=tcp)(listener=listeners_db_name)"
Note: Where the notation db_name appears in the previous example and throughout this chapter. or it refers to the entry you made for the DATABASE keyword of the CREATE DATABASE statement.9 Configuring the Listener File (listener. then the PMON process registers information for all dispatchers with the listeners specified by the LOCAL_LISTENER and REMOTE_LISTENER parameters. the LOCAL_LISTENER parameter is automatically configured to point to the local listener for the database. In this case. then you do not have to manually configure the listener. When a SCAN virtual IP starts.9. When GNS receives a request from a DNS for the SCAN. In GNS configurations.
7-6 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
.2 About Local Listeners
During Oracle Database creation. The GNS daemon listens for registrations.ora)
7. it returns the registered addresses to the DNS.

after you create the database. Do not attempt to use the lsnrctl commands from Oracle home locations for previous releases.ora entry.2) tnsnames. in the path Grid_home/network/admin.
7.Configuring the Listener File (listener.com)(PORT = 1521) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = RACDB) ) )
7.3 About Multiple Listeners
If DBCA detects more than one listener on the node.mycluster.ora file entries. set your ORACLE_HOME environment variable to the path for the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home (Grid home). The listener association no longer requires tnsnames.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora file:
# tnsnames.ora)
Services coordinate their sessions by registering their load with the Local Listener and the SCAN Listeners. That Listener either redirects the client to a Dispatcher process (if the database was configured for
Understanding the Oracle Real Application Clusters Installed Configuration
7-7
. the tnsnames.168.ora)
You can set a value manually for LOCAL_LISTENER. Oracle recommends that you leave the parameter unset so that the Database Agent can maintain it automatically.example. By default. However.168.ora file is located in the path $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin.2) local and scan listeners using
the lsnrctl command. Clients are redirected by the SCAN Listener to a local listener on the least loaded node that is running the instance for a particular service. For example. The REMOTE_ LISTENER is configured by DBCA to reference the SCAN name and port. then use the following command to have the database register with both listeners on startup:
> alter system set local_listener='(DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.4 How Oracle Database Uses the Listener File (listener. You can select one or all of these listeners with which to register your database. if you need to add a second listener. because they cannot be used with the new release.61)(PORT=2012))))' scope=BOTH SID='OCRL1'.ora Network Configuration file: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.9.
See Also: Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide for information about understanding and configuring listeners
The tnsnames.ora # Generated by Oracle Configuration tools RACDB = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = myscan.9.0.61)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192. then it displays a list of the listeners.ora file is read from the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home.
Note: To administer 11g release 2 (11. listening on port 2012. The following is an example of an Oracle RAC 11g release 2 (11. without any need for a tnsnames.0.2.

and configures service information about the Oracle RAC database. during the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation.ora file with an entry for a node named node1:
LISTENER_SCAN1=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_ SCAN1)))) # line added by Agent LISTENER_NODE1=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC) (KEY=LISTENER)))) # line added by Agent # listener.4.ora file is not required. does not require configuration in the listener.ora. use the SQL ALTER SYSTEM REGISTER statement. Before you install Oracle RAC.2) database service automatically registers its information with the listener. or by using NetCA.2.mycluster Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/11. the listener. and the listener is listed for service registration. Oracle Net Configuration Assistant starts the listener. After listener creation. The listener.Configuring the Listener File (listener. such as external procedures or XDB requests. After installation.ora. By default. the Oracle RAC database uses the Oracle Clusterware listener.ora)
Shared Server). During Oracle RAC installation. or redirects the client to a dedicated server process. instance names. The listener is configured with default protocol listening addresses.
7-8 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. PMON discovery occurs every 60 seconds. you can modify listeners by using srvctl commands.ora file now only contains an IPC key and the following information: (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) This information refers implicitly to the local node's HOST endpoint. called service registration. LISTENER_NODE1 = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521)) ) ) ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER_NODE1=ON# line added by Agent ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER_SCAN2=ON# line added by Agent ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER_SCAN1=ON# line added by Agen
7. registration does not occur until the next time the Oracle Database process monitor (PMON) discovery routine starts. To override the 60-second delay.9. Manual editing of the listener.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener. Local Listeners are configured to respond to database connection requests.ora file. such as its service name. The listener is configured to respond to connection requests that are directed to one protocol address specified during installation. and to non-database connection requests.mycluster # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. This feature.ora file is the same on every node. With the Oracle Database 11g release 2 installation. Oracle Net Configuration Assistant creates and starts a default listener in the Grid home called LISTENER. An Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.1 Listener Registration and PMON Discovery
When a listener starts after the Oracle instance starts. The Listener agent dynamically updates endpoints with the listener. The following is an example listener. This statement forces the PMON process to register the service immediately. and load information.

61)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192. For example. then the statement has no effect.ora File)
Oracle recommends that you create a script to run this statement immediately after starting the listener. including the location of the listener through a protocol address The SERVICE_NAME for an Oracle Database
Note: The SERVICE_NAME parameter that you use in the
■
tnsnames. because you can specify only one service name. With Oracle Clusterware 11g release 2 and later.ora file
7.ora file.
See Also: The Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide for further information about the listener and the listener. so that no entries are needed for the REMOTE_LISTENER parameter in the tnsnames.Net Service Names (tnsnames.10 Net Service Names (tnsnames. DBCA creates net service names for connections as described in the following sections: Review the following sections for information about net service names:
■ ■ ■
Net Service Names for Database Connections Net Service Name Instance Connections tnsnames.0. after you create the database.ora Example File
Understanding the Oracle Real Application Clusters Installed Configuration
7-9
. listening on port 2012.0. The Oracle Clusterware agent that starts the database sets the LOCAL_LISTENER parameter dynamically. If you run this statement while the listener is up and the instance is already registered. a name comprising the DB_NAME and DB_ DOMAIN parameters in the initialization parameter file.ora file.61)(PORT=2012))))' scope=BOTH SID='OCRL1'. Oracle Clusterware uses the EZ connect syntax scanname:scanport. The SERVICE_NAMES parameter defaults the global database name. or while the listener is down.ora file is created on each node with net service names.168. A connect descriptor contains the following information:
■
The network route to the service. unless you explicitly set the LOCAL_LISTENER parameter. if you need to add a second listener.ora file is singular. There is also the SERVICE_NAMES parameter in the database initialization file. Database Configuration Agent (DBCA) no longer sets the LOCAL_LISTENER parameter.168.
See Also: Oracle Database Administrator's Guide
For the REMOTE_LISTENER parameter. Listener_alias entries are no longer needed in the tnsnames. A connect identifier is an identifier that maps to a connect descriptor. using the command ALTER SYSTEM SET LOCAL_LISTENER to set the LOCAL_LISTENER parameter manually. then use the following command to have the database register with both listeners on startup:
> alter system set local_listener='(DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.ora File)
A tnsnames.

0/dbhome_ 1/network/admin/tnsnames. myscan.com is used by the client to connect to the target database.example.com/mycluster.10.com)(port=1521)) (connect_data= (service_name=mycluster. This entry also enables Oracle Enterprise Manager to discover an Oracle RAC database.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.com)(PORT = 1522)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = myApp) )
7-10 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
.ora File)
7. Oracle Enterprise Manager uses myscan. If the chosen address fails.1 Net Service Names for Database Connections
Clients that connect to any instance of the database use the SCAN name for the database.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/11.
mycluster.com
7.com= (description= (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=myscan.com. Thus.mycluster.com)(PORT = 1522)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = myApp) )
An Easy Connect address for this database should be similar to the following:
myscan.example. for example.example.Net Service Names (tnsnames.com to connect to an instance named mycluster1 on node1:
mycluster1.ora Example File
This example is a sample tnsnames.
# tnsnames. if an instance fails.example.3 tnsnames.example.com) (instance_name=mycluster1)))
7.mycluster.mycluster. enables Oracle Enterprise Manager to discover the instances in the cluster. Three SCAN addresses are configured for the cluster.example.2.example.mycluster.ora file that is created during a preconfigured database configuration installation.mycluster.example. This entry. These entries are also used to start and stop instances.10.example.example.2 Net Service Name Instance Connections
Clients that connect to a particular instance of the database use the SCAN name for the instance. then clients can still connect using another instance. In the following example. and allocated to servers. In the following example.com = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = host=myscan. mycluster. then the connection request to the SCAN name fails over to the next address.10. sales = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = myscan.mycluster.example.

ora file is located in the following directory:
$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
In this directory. consisting of a host name and optional port and service name. you also can find a sample sqlnet. or sqlnet.ora File)
Oracle Universal Installer starts Oracle Net Configuration Assistant after the database is installed.ora file
7. Oracle Net Configuration Assistant creates the following entries in the sqlnet.ora file
Understanding the Oracle Real Application Clusters Installed Configuration 7-11
.ora File)
See Also: The Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide for further information about the tnsnames.ora file generated during installation. where Oracle_base is the path to the Oracle RAC installation owner’s Oracle base directory:
NAMES. and creates the Net Services profile.ora files for TCP/IP environments. During installation. By default. clients use a connect string for a simple TCP/IP address.Net Services Profile (sqlnet.DIRECTORY_PATH specifies the priority order of the naming methods to use to resolve connect identifiers to connect descriptors.11 Net Services Profile (sqlnet. If you use this method.ora file. With Easy Connect. the sqlnet. in addition to the default sqlnet.ora file in the directory sample. then no naming or directory system is required. EZCONNECT) ADR_BASE =Oracle_base
The parameter NAMES.ora file.DIRECTORY_PATH=(TNSNAMES.
See Also: The Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide for further information about the sqlnet. The Easy Connect naming method eliminates the need for service name lookup in the tnsnames.

1 or earlier) Remove Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle Grid Infrastructure)
Note: You cannot remove or uninstall the Oracle Database Vault
option. and software from an Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) Oracle home directory. With release 11. instances. instances.2 and later. Refer to the Oracle Database Vault Administrator's Guide for more details.
Removing Oracle Real Application Clusters Software 8-1
. However. This chapter contains the following topics:
■ ■ ■
Overview of Deinstallation Procedures Identifying All Instances On a Cluster Deinstalling Oracle RAC Software
See Also: The product-specific documentation if you want to remove a single product to ensure that you are aware of requirements and restrictions that apply for that product
8. You can remove Oracle Configuration Manager. Refer to the Oracle Configuration Manager Installation and Administration Guide for more details. you can disable it.8
8
Removing Oracle Real Application Clusters Software
This chapter describes how to completely remove all Oracle databases. Oracle Automatic Storage Management and Oracle Clusterware comprise the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation.1 Overview of Deinstallation Procedures
To completely remove all Oracle databases. and software from an Oracle home directory:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Identify all instances associated with the Oracle home Shut down processes Remove listeners installed in the Oracle Database home Remove database instances Remove Oracle Automatic Storage Management (11. These components are installed and removed together.

2.2 Identifying All Instances On a Cluster
To identify all instances associated with the Oracle home that you want to remove.
8.2. It is located in the path $ORACLE_HOME/deinstall.0:N CUST:/u01/app/oracle/product/11. It is available in the installation media before installation. and your Oracle RAC database GDN is also mydb.com.
8-2 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
.2.1 About the Deinstallation Tool
The Deinstallation Tool (deinstall) stops Oracle software.3 Deinstalling Oracle RAC Software
The Deinstallation Tool removes Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) from your server. HP-UX.0/dbhome_1:N
These entries show that the +ASM Oracle Automatic Storage Management instance in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster home (/u01/app/grid/11.example.0/dbhome_1. For example. and is available in Oracle home directories after installation. The following sections describe the script.0) and the CUST Oracle database instance are associated with the Oracle home directory /u01/app/oracle/product/11. if you have a standalone database on one of your cluster nodes with the GDN mydb.Identifying All Instances On a Cluster
Caution: If any cluster member node has more than one database with the same global database name (GDN) on a server. enter the following command: AIX.2. or Linux:
$ more /etc/oratab
Solaris
$ more /var/opt/oracle/oratab
The output of this command contains entries similar to the following:
+ASM1:/u01/app/grid/11.
8. then both databases on that node are removed. as well as Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) or standalone Oracle Database installations. and removes Oracle software and configuration files on the operating system.com. then you cannot use the deinstall tool to remove one database only. and provide information about additional options to use the tool:
■ ■ ■
About the Deinstallation Tool Example of Running the Deinstall Command for Oracle RAC Example of a Deinstallation Parameter File for Oracle RAC
8.example.3.

. To create a properties file and provide the required parameters. . located in the response folder of the Deinstallation tool home or the Oracle home. you can run the deinstall tool from other locations.
Removing Oracle Real Application Clusters Software 8-3
. then you must use the -paramFile flag. and do not use the -home flag. If you use the -silent option. if the central inventory (oraInventory) contains no other registered homes besides the home that you are deconfiguring and removing. and provide a parameter file that contains the configuration values for the Oracle home that you want to deinstall or deconfigure./deinstall
In addition. where variable content is indicated by italics:
deinstall -home complete path of Oracle home [-silent] [-checkonly] [-local] [-paramfile complete path of input parameter property file] [-params name1=value name2=value . then the deinstall command removes the following files and directory contents in the Oracle base directory of the Oracle RAC installation owner:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag oradata flash_recovery_area
Oracle strongly recommends that you configure your installations using an Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) configuration. and that you reserve Oracle base and Oracle home paths for exclusive use of Oracle software.] [-o complete path of directory for saving files] [-help]
The default method for running the deinstall tool is from the deinstall directory in the Oracle home. For example:
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/deinstall $ . The deinstall command stops Oracle software.tmpl. The command uses the following syntax. or with a parameter file. or select other options to run the tool.rsp.
■
-silent Use this flag to run the command in noninteractive mode. then the deinstall command deletes this data.Deinstalling Oracle RAC Software
Caution: When you run the deinstall command. The options are:
■
-home Use this flag to indicate the home path of the Oracle home that you want to check or deinstall. refer to the template file deinstall. and removes Oracle software and configuration files on the operating system. If you have any user data in these locations in the Oracle base that is owned by the user account that owns the Oracle software. If you want to deinstall Oracle software using the deinstall command in the same Oracle home you plan to deinstall. then provide a parameter file in another location.

You can accept the default value the tool has obtained from your Oracle installation.
■
-checkonly Use this flag to check the status of the Oracle software home configuration. but does not deinstall the Oracle software. The default location of the parameter file depends on the location of deinstall: – – – From the installation media or stage location: $ORACLE_ HOME/inventory/response.] Use this flag with a parameter file to override one or more values that you want to change in a parameter file you have already created. On remote nodes.tmpl) is saved. then instead of using the template file.Deinstalling Oracle RAC Software
If you have a working system. After installation from the installed Oracle home: $ORACLE_ HOME/deinstall/response. The checkonly flag generates a parameter file that you can use with the deinstall command. you are prompted to provide information about your system. you can generate a properties file by running the deinstall command using the -checkonly flag. If you are running the deinstall command from the Oracle home that you plan to deinstall.
■
-paramfile complete path of input parameter property file Use this flag to run deinstall with a parameter file in a location other than the default.
■
-o complete path of directory for saving response files Use this flag to provide a path other than the default location where the properties file (deinstall.
■
-local Use this flag on a multinode environment to deconfigure Oracle software in a cluster. provide the complete path where the parameter file is located. . or you can provide different values. which you can then use with the -silent option. To accept the defaults. When you run deinstall with this flag. it deconfigures Oracle software.rsp. click Enter.
■
-help
8-4 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. When you run checkonly to generate a parameter file. that is displayed inside brackets ([]). then you do not need to use the -paramfile option. The deinstall command then discovers information from the Oracle home that you want to deinstall and deconfigure. It generates the properties file. it deconfigures and deinstalls the Oracle software on the local node (the node where deinstall is run). After installation from the installed Oracle home: $ORACLE_ HOME/deinstall/response.
■
-params [name1=value name 2=value name3=value . When you use this flag. From a unzipped archive file from OTN: /ziplocation/response. . Running the command with the checkonly flag does not remove the Oracle configuration. The default location of the parameter file depends on the location of deinstall: – – – From the installation media or stage location before installation: $ORACLE_ HOME/ From a unzipped archive file from OTN: /ziplocation/response/.

typi= REMOTE_NODES=node2 ORACLE_BASE.typi= ASM_FILES.typi= ORA_CRS_HOME=/u01/app/grid/11.typi= LOGDIR=/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/ DB_TYPE. In the following example. then deinstallation starts without prompting you for a home address. the virtual IP address (VIP) is 192.typi=FS ASM_HOME= ASM_LOCAL_SID= FLASH_RECOVERY_LOC.2.3 Example of a Deinstallation Parameter File for Oracle RAC
You can run the deinstall command with the -paramfile option to use the values you specify in the parameter file. All rights reserved.node2 DB_UNIQUE_NAME_LIST=typi RAW_MAPPING_FILE.1.typi=/oradbocfs/storage/database/oradata/typi ORACLE_BINARY_OK=true local=false
Removing Oracle Real Application Clusters Software 8-5
. the remote node is node2.0.typi=/u01/app/oracle STORAGE_TYPE. the Oracle base (where other Oracle software is installed) is /u01/app/oracle/. then help is displayed.typi=node1. If you run the deinstall command from the $ORACLE_HOME/deinstall folder.Deinstalling Oracle RAC Software
Use the help option (-help) to obtain additional information about the command option flags.typi=typi1 CLUSTER_NODES=node1.typi2 DATAFILE_LOC.3./deinstall
8. Provide additional information as prompted.typi= LOCAL_SID. Use the optional flag -paramfile to provide a path to a parameter file. the deinstall command is in the path /u01/app/oracle/product/11. #Wed Feb 11 16:30:21 PST 2009 DISK_GROUPS. The following is an example of a parameter file.node2 ARCHIVE_LOG_DESTINATION_LOC.3. and the OSDBA group is dba:
#Copyright (c) 2005.typi=RAC_DB ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory NODE_LIST. you are prompted to provide the home directory of the Oracle software that you want to remove from your system.2.2. in which the Oracle Database binary owner is oracle.0/ HOME_TYPE=RACDB CRS_HOME=false SID_LIST.2. 2006 Oracle Corporation. unless you enter a -home flag and provide a path.typi=typi1. the local node (the node where you are running the deinstallation session from) is node1.0/dbhome_1/deinstall:
$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.
8.0/dbhome_1/. the Oracle Database home (Oracle home) is in the path /u01/app/oracle/product/11.0/dbhome_1/deinstall $ .2. If you enter the deinstall command outside of the $ORACLE_HOME/deinstall folder.2 Example of Running the Deinstall Command for Oracle RAC
As the deinstall command runs. the central Oracle Inventory home (oraInventory) is /u01/app/oraInventory.

or review the status of your Oracle Clusterware. Failed to connect to server. where xhost is not properly configured. Compare the output of this command with the contents of the /etc/hosts file to ensure that the node IP is listed. as doing so may resolve the problem. or Can't open display Cause: These are typical of X Window display errors on Windows or UNIX systems. Consider restarting the nodes.com
Then. enter the following command:
$ xclock
The X clock should appear on your monitor. Action: Install Oracle Clusterware.
Run the command ifconfig -a. If this fails. then you cannot use the xhost command to change the display. Action: In a local terminal window. log in as the user that started the X Window session. If you use the visual assigned to the installation owner. If you are using a VNC client to access the server. then ensure that you are accessing the visual that is assigned to the user that you are trying to use for the installation. if you used the su command to become the installation owner on another user visual. or Korn shell:
$ DISPLAY=workstation_name:0. and enter the following command: $ xhost fully_qualified_remote_host_name For example:
$ xhost somehost.Troubleshooting Oracle Real Application Clusters Installations
■
YPBINDPROC_DOMAIN: Domain not bound
An error occurred while trying to get the disks Cause: There is an entry in /etc/oratab pointing to a non-existent Oracle home. Bash. where workstation_name is the host name or IP address of your workstation. Connection refused by server. 2. For example. Node nodename is unreachable Cause: Unavailable IP host Action: Attempt the following:
1. then the correct display will be available. Nodes unavailable for selection from the OUI Node Selection screen Cause: Oracle Clusterware is either not installed. and entering the xclock command will display the X clock. The OUI error file should show the following error: "java.0 $ export DISPLAY
To determine if X Window applications display correctly on the local system. or the Oracle Clusterware services are not up and running.io. enter the following commands. Bourne.
A-2 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
.IOException: /home/oracle/OraHome//bin/kfod: not found" Action: Remove the entry in /etc/oratab pointing to a non-existing Oracle home. and the xhost command use is restricted. Run the command nslookup to see if the host is reachable.example. then use of the xhost command may be restricted on the server.

For additional help in resolving error messages.loc (AIX. download and install the ODBC driver from http://www.Troubleshooting Oracle Real Application Clusters Installations
3. Locate the existing raw device name from /etc/oracle/srvConfig. the note with Doc ID 1372375. or consult The Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your platform to complete SSH configuration. Instead.1 contains some of the most common installation issues for Oracle Real Application Clusters.1. and copy the contents of this raw device to the new device using the command dd. This is a requirement for Oracle RAC databases. YPBINDPROC_DOMAIN: Domain not bound Cause: This error can occur during postinstallation testing when a node public network interconnect is pulled out. To confirm.ora. Action: Clean up installation. Oracle log files. the node hangs. which causes a migration failure while running rootupgrade. and the name service cache daemon nscd has not been activated.loc (Solaris). If this is the case. and the VIP does not fail over.2 Oracle RAC Installation Error Messages
Note that the user performing the Oracle RAC installation must have membership both in the oinstall group and the OSDBA group (typically oinstall and dba). refer to My Oracle Support. Linux) or /var/opt/oracle/srvConfig. PRKP-1001: Error starting instance Cause: Missing ODBC Driver Manager. documented in system requirements in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation guide for your platform. Associated message is CRS-0215: Could not start resource. Contact your system administrator. Action: Identify a raw device that has 280 MB or more available space. look for the error "utopen:12:Not enough space in the backing store" in the log file $ORA_CRS_HOME/log/hostname/client/ocrconfig_pid.
As the oracle user.sh. then the installation will fail. For example. If you are prompted for a password. If this is not the case. Time stamp is in the future Cause: One or more nodes has a different clock time than the local node. Action: Enter the following command on all nodes in the cluster to start the nscd service:
/sbin/service nscd start
A. then user equivalence is not set up properly. This error occurs when the Oracle home. or any action scripts are located on an NAS device or NFS mount. listener.unixodbc.
Troubleshooting Oracle Real Application Clusters Installations
A-3
.
PROT-8: Failed to import data from specified file to the cluster registry Cause: Insufficient space in an existing Oracle Cluster Registry raw device partition. HP-UX.log. attempt to connect to the node with ssh or rsh. and users are unable to log in to the system.org. and restart the installation. then you may see output similar to the following:
time stamp 2005-04-04 14:49:49 is 106 s in the future
Action: Ensure that all member nodes of the cluster have the same clock time.

enter the following command to determine the location of the oraInventory directory:
$ cat /opt/oracle/oraInst. use the following command syntax to check the integrity of the Cluster Manager:
cluvfy comp clumgr -n node_list -verbose
In the preceding syntax example.5 Configuration Assistant Errors
To troubleshoot an installation error that occurs when a configuration assistant is running: Review the installation log files listed in the section""Reviewing the Log of an Installation Session" on page A-4. the variable node_list is the list of nodes in your cluster.
If necessary.log
To view the most recent entries in the log file. Refer to your clusterware documentation if the detailed output indicates that your clusterware is not running.log
A.3 Performing Cluster Diagnostics During Oracle Clusterware Installations
If Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) does not display the Node Selection page. Installer log files have names similar to the following.
A-4 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. If you encounter problems during the installation.1.1.loc $ cat /var/opt/oracle/oraInst. with the most recent file shown last. then perform clusterware diagnostics by running the olsnodes -v command from the binary directory in your Oracle Clusterware home (Grid_home/bin on Linux and UNIX-based systems. then review the log file for information about possible causes of the problem. separated by commas.4 Reviewing the Log of an Installation Session
During an installation.
Enter the following command to determine the name of the log file:
$ ls -ltr
This command lists the files in the order of creation. where information about a problem is most likely to appear. and enables you to page through them. If the error displayed by Oracle Universal Installer or listed in the log file indicates a relinking problem. In addition.Troubleshooting Oracle Real Application Clusters Installations
A. follow these steps:
1. then refer to the following file for more information:
$ORACLE_HOME/install/make. enter a command similar to the following:
$ tail -50 installActions2007-07-20_09-53-22AM. and analyzing its output.
A.1. To view the log file. where date_ time indicates the date and time that the installation started:
installActionsdate_time. Oracle Universal Installer records all of the actions that it performs in a log file.log | more
This command displays the last 50 lines in the log file.loc
2.

Refer to the section "Fatal Errors" on page A-5 for further instructions. Reinstall" message.5. and to check to ensure that they are functioning properly.2 About Using CVU Cluster Healthchecks After Installation
Starting with Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g release 2 (11. 3. The configuration assistant interface displays additional information. This section contains the following topics:
■ ■
Configuration Assistant Failures Fatal Errors
A. Try to fix the issue that caused the error. If you see the "Fatal Error. in the path $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs.1.
Deinstall Oracle software. The configuration assistant execution status is stored in the following file:
oraInventory_location/logs/installActionsdate_time.2.About Using CVU Cluster Healthchecks After Installation
Review the specific configuration assistant log file located in the Oracle RAC installation owner Oracle base directory.5. then you must complete the following tasks:
1.2 Fatal Errors
If you receive a fatal error while a configuration assistant is running. Completion status codes are listed in the following table:
Status Result Configuration Configuration Configuration Code assistant succeeded 0 assistant failed 1 assistant cancelled -1
A.1 Configuration Assistant Failures
Oracle configuration assistant failures are noted at the bottom of the installation screen.1.log
More details about errors related to the configuration assistant can be found in the following directory:
$ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs
The Oracle base directory is the Oracle base for the Oracle RAC installation owner. then look for the cause of the problem by reviewing the log files. you can use the CVU healthcheck command option to check your Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Database installations for their compliance with mandatory requirements and best practices guidelines. if available. Use the following syntax to run the healthcheck command option: cluvfy comp healthcheck [-collect {cluster|database}] [-db db_unique_name] [-bestpractice|-mandatory] [-deviations] [-html] [-save [-savedir directory_path] For example:
$ cd /home/grid/cvu_home/bin
Troubleshooting Oracle Real Application Clusters Installations
A-5
.0.3) and later. 2.
A. Correct the cause of the fatal error. Reinstall the Oracle software.

A-6 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. then you must create the cvusys user on each database. and the mandatory flag to specify mandatory checks.sql to facilitate the creation of this user. then CVU discovers all the Oracle Databases on the cluster. and grant that user the CVU-specific role. then the CVU reports are saved in the path you specify. If you specify neither -bestpractice or -mandatory. where timestamp is the time and date of the validation report. and a browser CVU recognizes is available on the system. and enter a path where you want the CVU reports saved. then you must first create the cvusys user on that database. CVU uses JDBC to connect to the database as the user cvusys to verify various database parameters. then the browser is started and the report is displayed on the browser when the checks are complete. If you do not specify the html flag. Add the deviations flag to specify that you want to see only the deviations from either the best practice recommendations or the mandatory requirements. You must also grant members of the cvusapp role select permissions on system tables./cluvfy comp healthcheck -collect cluster -bestpractice -deviations -html
The options are:
■
-collect [cluster|database] Use this flag to specify that you want to perform checks for Oracle Clusterware (cluster) or Oracle Database (database). cvusapp. then the detailed report is generated in a text file. If you specify the html flag. If you use the save flag by itself. then both best practices and mandatory requirements are displayed. If you use the flags -save -savedir.About Using CVU Cluster Healthchecks After Installation
$ . Use this SQL script to create the cvusys user on all the databases that you want to verify using CVU.
■
-db db_unique_name Use this flag to specify checks on the database unique name that you enter after the db flag. if you want checks to be performed for the database you specify with the -db flag. where CVU_home is the location of the CVU binaries. then cluvfy comp healthcheck performs checks for both Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Database. You can specify either the -bestpractice or -mandatory flag. and grant that user the cvusapp role with the select privileges needed to perform the best practice checks. then the reports are saved in the path CVU_ home/cv/report.
■
[-bestpractice | -mandatory] [-deviations] Use the bestpractice flag to specify best practice checks. If you use the db flag but do not provide a database unique name. If you do not use the collect flag with the healthcheck option. but not both flags. For this reason. If you want to perform best practices checks on these databases. A SQL script is included in CVU_home/cv/admin/cvusys.htm).
■
-html Use the html flag to generate a detailed report in HTML format.txt and cvucheckreport_timestamp.
■
-save [-savedir dir_path] Use the save or -save -savedir flags to save validation reports (cvuchecdkreport_timestamp.

deselect Create Database and select Generate Database Creation Scripts before you click Finish.B
Using Scripts or Response Files to Create Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases
B
This appendix describes the steps for noninteractive installations during which you can create Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) databases using scripts. and prepare the database for use. Oracle strongly recommends that you use DBCA to create a database.
Note: The scripts generated by Database Configuration Assistant
(DBCA) are for reference only.
Using Scripts or Response Files to Create Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases B-1
.1 Using DBCA to generate Installation Scripts for Oracle RAC
To generate scripts to create an Oracle RAC database. In either case. You can accept the default destination directory for the scripts. complete the following steps:
1. On the Creation Options page of your DBCA session. you should note the path name for use in the next step.
See Also: Oracle Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIX for detailed information about generating scripts
This appendix contains the following topics:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Using DBCA to generate Installation Scripts for Oracle RAC About DBCA Noninteractive (Silent) Configuration for Oracle RAC Using DBCA Noninteractive (Silent) Configuration for Oracle RAC How Response Files Work Preparing Response Files Running Oracle Universal Installer Using a Response File Running Net Configuration Assistant Using Response Files Running Configuration Assistants Using Response Files Postinstallation Configuration Using Response Files
B. create a database using the scripts.
Start DBCA and select your preferred options to build the Oracle RAC database. or browse for a different location.

you can select the Custom Database option. or silent configuration of Oracle RAC using DBCA. you must have completed an Oracle Grid Infrastructure (Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM) installation. and defined the Oracle home directory environment variable. Oracle provides templates for the following two workload types:
■ ■
General purpose or transaction processing Data warehouse
For more complex environments. or by uncommenting it in your PFILE for each instance.
6.2 About DBCA Noninteractive (Silent) Configuration for Oracle RAC
You can perform a noninteractive. "Understanding the Oracle Real Application Clusters Installed Configuration". The templates contain settings optimized for a particular type of workload. Run SRVCTL to configure and start database and instance applications as described in Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide.sh. or from templates that you create. run the script sid.About DBCA Noninteractive (Silent) Configuration for Oracle RAC
See Also: Chapter 3.
7. then Oracle recommends that you rerun DBCA to create scripts with the desired configuration rather than editing the scripts yourself.
Navigate to the directory where DBCA created the scripts. and review the SQL scripts to ensure that they contain the statements to build a database with the characteristics you require.
5. and where the disk
B-2 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. To perform a silent configuration. "Creating Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases with Database Configuration Assistant" for additional information about running a DBCA session
2.3 Using DBCA Noninteractive (Silent) Configuration for Oracle RAC
The following command syntax creates an Oracle RAC database in an existing Oracle ASM disk group. This option does not use templates and results in a more extensive installation interview.
4.
B.
B. to the value TRUE in your SPFILE by running an ALTER SYSTEM command. If they do not. On each cluster node you identified during your DBCA session. Set the local_listener and remote_listener parameters in your SPFILE by issuing an ALTER SYSTEM command.
See Also: The Oracle Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIX for additional information about creating and using scripts to install Oracle software with Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)
3. You can use DBCA to create a database from templates supplied by Oracle.sh script from the Oracle Database home. or by uncommenting it in your PFILE for each instance. where sid is the SID prefix that you entered on the DBCA Database Name page. which means that it takes longer to create your database. Configure Oracle Net Services to support your new database and instances as described in Chapter 7. cluster_database. Set the initialization parameter. run the root. where the cluster nodes are node1 and node2.

and also screens for which you did not specify the required information in the response file. which means that it prompts you to provide information in graphical user interface (GUI) screens. then it runs in silent mode.
Enclose the variable and its setting in double quotes. either fully or partially. then the installer runs in response file mode. During a response file mode installation.
■
Response file mode If you include responses for some or all of the prompts in the response file and omit the -silent option. the installer displays all the screens. the passwords are my_password.node2 -characterset WE8ISO8859P1 -obfuscatedPasswords false -sampleSchema false -asmSysPassword My_ASM_password"
B.
In this command.. Instead. For example:
-silent "s_dlgRBOPassword=binks342" . in the response file. Typically. During a silent mode installation. For example. the installer does not display any screens. screens for which you specify information in the response file.. you can use a response file to automate the installation and configuration of Oracle software. directory_path is the path of the database directory on the DVD or the path of the Disk1 directory on the hard drive. to specify the Oracle home name.
You define the settings for a silent or response file installation by entering values for the variables listed in the response file. the installer runs in interactive mode..How Response Files Work
group name is ASMgrp1. For example:
-silent "ORACLE_HOME=OraDBHome1" ..4 How Response Files Work
When you start OUI. This method is particularly useful if you do not want to embed sensitive information. it displays progress information in the terminal that you used to start it. you run the installer from a command prompt using either of the following modes:
■
Silent mode If you include responses for all of the prompts in the response file and specify the -silent option when starting the installer. such as passwords. and the ASM SYS password is My_ASM_Password: # su oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose. supply the appropriate value for the ORACLE_HOME variable:
ORACLE_HOME="OraDBHome1"
Another way of specifying the response file variable settings is to pass them as command line arguments when you run the installer.
See Also: The Oracle Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIX for more information about response files
Using Scripts or Response Files to Create Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases B-3
. When you use response files to provide this information. OUI uses the values contained in the response file to provide answers to some or all installation prompts.dbc -gdbName $DBNAME -sid $SID -sysPassword my_password -systemPassword my_password -sysmanPassword my_password -dbsnmpPassword my_ password -emConfiguration LOCAL -storageType ASM -diskGroupName ASMgrp1 -datafileJarLocation $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates -nodeinfo node1.

4. 2. 3. If you completed a software-only installation. you must run the root. Prepare a response file. It suppresses screens for which you have provided all of the required information. Response file Use response file mode if you want to complete similar Oracle software installations on more than one system. Instead. then the installer displays that screen. If you do not specify information required for a particular installer screen in the response file.
B-4 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
.
These steps are described in the following sections. You can create a database that uses the file system option during a silent-mode installation.4. but not all of the installer prompts.4. Install the software on a system that does not have X Window System software installed on it. and then run the Oracle Net Configuration Assistant and DBCA in silent mode after you have completed the software-only installation and you have run the root. For this reason. but it does not display any of the installer screens. Run the installer in silent or response file mode.
■
■
The installer displays progress information on the terminal that you used to start it.How Response Files Work
B.
B.
Mode Silent Uses Use silent mode for the following installations:
■
Complete an unattended installation.loc file if it is not present on the server.3 General Procedure for Using Response Files
The following are the general steps to install and configure Oracle products using the installer in silent or response file mode:
Note: You must complete all required preinstallation tasks on a
system before running the installer in silent or response file mode.
Create the oraInst. Complete several similar installations on multiple systems without user interaction.
Note: This limitation applies only to databases that use Oracle
Automatic Storage Management as the storage option for database files. then run Net Configuration Assistant and DBCA in silent or response file mode. which you schedule using operating system utilities such as at. you can complete a software-only installation using silent-mode.sh script.sh script.
B.
1.1 Reasons for Using Silent Mode or Response File Mode
The following table provides use cases for running the installer in silent mode or response file mode. providing default answers to some. you cannot create a database using Oracle ASM as the storage option for database files during a silent-mode installation.2 Creating a Database Using Oracle ASM for Database Files
Before you create a database that uses Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM).4.

Note: If you copied the software to a hard disk.
Copy the response file from the response file directory to a directory on your system:
$ cp /directory_path/response/response_file.rsp dbca.1 Editing a Response File Template
Oracle provides response file templates for each product and installation type and for each configuration tool. and permissions on the response file should be changed to 600.rsp
Caution: When you modify a response file template and save a file for use. then the response
files are located in the directory /Disk1/response. Oracle strongly recommends that database administrators or other administrators delete or secure response files when they are not in use. These files are located at database/response directory on the installation media.
2.rsp
Remember that you can specify sensitive information.rsp netca. at the command line rather than within the response file.5.
To copy and modify a response file:
1.rsp local_directory
In this example.5 Preparing Response Files
This section describes the following methods to prepare response files for use during silent mode or response file mode installations:
■ ■
Editing a Response File Template Recording Response Files
B. directory_path is the path to the database directory on the installation media. Ownership of the response file should be given to the Oracle software installation owner only. then you can edit the file in the response directory if you prefer. such as passwords.Preparing Response Files
B.
Using Scripts or Response Files to Create Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases B-5
. the response file may contain plain text passwords. Table B–1 lists the response files provided with this software:
Table B–1 Response Files for Oracle Database Description Silent installation of Oracle Database 11g Silent installation of DBCA Silent installation of Oracle Net Configuration Assistant
Response File db_install.
Open the response file in a text editor:
$ vi /local_dir/response_file. If you have copied the software to a hard drive. "How Response Files Work" on page B-3 explains this method.

When you record the response file.
Follow the instructions in the file to edit it.2 Recording Response Files
You can use OUI in interactive mode to record response files. specify the required information.
Complete preinstallation tasks as for a normal installation. When the installer displays the Summary screen. or you can exit from the installer on the Summary page. This method is useful for Advanced or software-only installations.
To record a response file:
1.2). On each installation screen. If you use record mode during a response file mode installation. Oracle recommends that you complete all of the required preinstallation tasks and record the response file while completing an installation. which you can edit and then use to complete silent mode or response file mode installations. You can use the generated response file for a silent installation later.
B. When you run the installer to record a response file. you can either complete the installation.
Note: You cannot save passwords while recording the response file.Preparing Response Files
See Also: The Oracle Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIXfor detailed information on creating response files
3. 4.5.
2. you can save all of the installation steps into a response file during installation by clicking Save Response File on the Summary page.
Change the permissions on the file to 600:
$ chmod 600 /local_dir/response_file.
Note: The installer or configuration assistant fails if you do not
correctly configure the response file.
B-6 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. it checks the system to verify that it meets the requirements to install the software. For this reason. then the installer records the variable values that were specified in the original source response file into the new response file. perform the following:
3.rsp
Note: A fully specified response file for an Oracle Database
installation contains the passwords for database administrative accounts and for a user who is a member of the OSDBA group (required for automated backups). before it starts to copy the software to the system. Ensure that only the Oracle software owner user can view or modify response files or consider deleting them after the installation succeeds.
Ensure that the Oracle software owner user (typically oracle) has permissions to create or write to the Oracle home path that you will specify when you run the installer.
4. Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.

Running Oracle Universal Installer Using a Response File
a. If you are completing a response file mode installation. If you
specify a relative path. edit the file and make any required changes. For help information on the full set of these options. enter a command similar to the following:
$ /directory_path/runInstaller [-silent] [-noconfig] \ -responseFile responsefilename
Note: Do not specify a relative path for the response file. for example:
$ directory_path/runInstaller -help
The help appears in a window after some time.
4. and a software-only installation is performed instead. run the runInstaller command with the -help option.
Click Save Response File and specify a file name and location to save the values for the response file. to perform the installation. specifying the response file you created. 3. then delete the Oracle home directory that the installer created using the path you specified in the Specify File Locations screen. but the recorded response file is retained.
Complete the preinstallation tasks as for a normal installation Log in as the software installation owner user.
To start the installer in silent or response file mode. The installation stops. then the installer fails. Click Finish to create the response file and continue with the installation.6 Running Oracle Universal Installer Using a Response File
Now. -noconfig suppresses running the configuration assistants during installation. runInstaller. Use the instructions in the file as a guide when editing it. Click Cancel if you do not want to continue with the installation. provides several options.
Note: You do not have to set the DISPLAY environment variable if
you are completing a silent mode installation. The OUI executable.
■ ■
Using Scripts or Response Files to Create Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases B-7
. To run the installer using a response file:
1.
6. 2.
If you do not complete the installation.
B. In this example:
■
directory_path is the path of the database directory on the DVD or the path of the Disk1 directory on the hard drive.
5. set the DISPLAY environment variable. b. Before you use the saved response file on another system. you are ready to run OUI at the command line. -silent indicates that you want to run the installer in silent mode.

Open the response file in a text editor:
$ vi /local_dir/netca.
4.
Note: If you copied the software to a hard disk. If you have copied the software to a hard drive. Enter a command similar to the following to run Net Configuration Assistant in silent mode:
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile /local_dir/netca.resp in the response directory in the database/response directory on the DVD. you can edit the file in the response directory if you prefer.
Follow the instructions in the file to edit it.
Note: Net Configuration Assistant fails if you do not correctly
configure the response file. and set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to specify the correct Oracle home directory. log in as the root user and run the root. Oracle provides a response file template named netca.
Copy the netca.rsp local_directory
In this example.
Log in as the Oracle software owner user.
Note: For more information about other options for the
runInstaller command.rsp response file template from the response file directory to a directory on your system:
$ cp /directory_path/response/netca. directory_path is the path of the database directory on the DVD. To run Net Configuration Assistant in silent mode.7 Running Net Configuration Assistant Using Response Files
You can run Net Configuration Assistant in silent mode to configure and start an Oracle Net listener on the system. To run Net Configuration Assistant using a response file:
1. enter the following command:
$ /directory_path/runInstaller -help
5.sh script:
$ sudo sh password: # /oracle_home_path/root.
2. you must copy and edit a response file template.rsp
3.
When the installation completes.sh
B. configure naming methods.Running Net Configuration Assistant Using Response Files
■
responsefilename is the full path and file name of the installation response file that you configured. then the response file
template is located in the database/response directory.rsp
In this command:
B-8 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. and configure Oracle Net service names. 5.

local_dir is the full path of the directory where you copied the netca.8. you must copy and edit a response file template.rsp response file template. directory_path is the path of the database directory on the DVD.8 Running Configuration Assistants Using Response Files
You can run configuration assistants in response file or silent mode to configure and start Oracle software after it is installed on the system.
Note: As an alternative to editing the response file template. If you have copied the software to a hard drive.2 Running Database Configuration Assistant in Response File or Silent Mode
To run DBCA in response file or silent mode:
1. Use -progressOnly flag to set the run mode to response file.
Copy the dbca. to create a database. Oracle provides a response file template named dbca. it displays a window that contains status messages and a progress bar.8. To run configuration assistants in response file or silent mode. DBCA uses values that you specify. As it configures and starts the database. For information about the list of options supported.Running Configuration Assistants Using Response Files
■
The /silent option indicates to run Net Configuration Assistant in silent mode. The window that it displays is the same window that is displayed when you create a preconfigured database during an Enterprise Edition or Standard Edition installation.rsp local_directory
In this example.rsp in the /Disk1/response directory on the DVD.rsp response file template from the response file directory to a directory on your system:
$ cp /directory_path/response/dbca. To run DBCA in response file mode. use a graphical display and set the DISPLAY environment variable. in the response file or as command line options. then the response file
template is located in the Disk1/response directory. enter the following command:
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -help
Using Scripts or Response Files to Create Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases B-9
.
■
B. This section contains the following topics:
■ ■ ■ ■
About Database Configuration Assistant in Response File Mode Running Database Configuration Assistant in Response File or Silent Mode About the Postinstallation Configuration File Running Postinstallation Configuration Using a Response File
B. you can
also create a database by specifying all required information as command line options when you run DBCA.1 About Database Configuration Assistant in Response File Mode
In the response file mode.
Note: If you copied the software to a hard disk. you can edit the file in the response directory if you prefer.
B.

the response file does not contain passwords for user accounts that configuration assistants require after software installation is complete. The topics in this section are:
■ ■
About the Postinstallation Configuration File Running Postinstallation Configuration Using a Response File
B.
Note: DBCA fails if you do not correctly configure the response file. The configToolAllCommands password response file has the following syntax options:
■
internal_component_name is the name of the component that the configuration assistant configures variable_name is the name of the configuration file variable
■
B-10 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. The script uses the passwords to run the configuration tools in succession to complete configuration.
4.rsp
In this example:
■ ■
The -silent option indicates that you want to run DBCA in silent mode. then you can run the configuration assistants using configToolAllCommands and a password response file. However. The -progressOnly option indicates that you want to run DBCA in response file mode. if you have to stop an installation to fix an error.rsp response file template. set the DISPLAY environment variable.
Log in as the Oracle software owner user.
Open the response file in a text editor:
$ vi /local_dir/dbca. local_dir is the full path of the directory where you copied the dbca.
Edit the file. You can run this script in response file mode by using a password response file. 5. following the instructions in the file. To run DBCA in response file mode. and set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to specify the correct Oracle home directory. Use the following command syntax to run DBCA in silent or response file mode using a response file:
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca {-progressOnly | -silent} -responseFile \ /local_dir/dbca.Postinstallation Configuration Using Response Files
2.rsp
3. The configuration assistants are started with a script called configToolAllCommands. you provide information about your servers in a response file that you otherwise provide manually during a graphical user interface installation. 6. In addition.1 About the Postinstallation Configuration File
When you run a silent or response file installation.9 Postinstallation Configuration Using Response Files
The following sections explain how to create and run a response file configuration after installing Oracle software. If you keep the password file to use for clone installations.9.
■
B. then Oracle strongly recommends that you store the password file in a secure location.

assistants.assistants.1 oracle oinstall 0 Apr 30 17:30 cfgrsp.assistants.2 Running Postinstallation Configuration Using a Response File
To run configuration assistants with the configToolAllCommands script:
1.server|S_HOSTUSERPASSWORD=password oracle.properties For example:
$ .properties
2.Postinstallation Configuration Using Response Files
■
value is the desired value to use for configuration.asm|S_ASMPASSWORD=myPassWord
Oracle strongly recommends that you maintain security with a password response file:
■ ■
Permissions on the response file should be set to 600./configToolAllCommands RESPONSE_FILE=/home/oracle/cfgrsp.properties
Using Scripts or Response Files to Create Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases B-11
.
The command syntax is as follows: internal_component_name|variable_name=value For example:
oracle.assistants. then leave those password fields blank
3. Also.
B. with the group set to the central inventory (oraInventory) group.9. and DBSNMP passwords for use with DBCA.
Create a response file using the syntax filename.
Change permissions to secure the file.
Open the file with a text editor. The owner of the response file should be the installation owner user.server|S_ASMSNMPPASSWORD=password
If you do not want to enable Oracle Enterprise Manager or Oracle ASM.assistants.
Change directory to $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs Run the configuration script using the following syntax: configToolAllCommands RESPONSE_FILE=/path/name. For example:
$ touch cfgrsp.assistants. modifying as needed.properties
4.
oracle. then you must provide the password for the Oracle software installation owner for the S_HOSTUSERPASSWORD response. For example:
$ ls -al cfgrsp. SYSMAN. if you selected to configure Oracle Enterprise Manager.properties -rw------.properties. and cut and paste the password template.server|S_SYSTEMPASSWORD=password oracle.server|S_SYSPASSWORD=password oracle.assistants.
Example B–1 Password response file for Oracle Real Application Clusters
Oracle Database configuration requires the SYS. The S_ASMSNMPPASSWORD response is necessary only if the database is using Oracle ASM for storage.server|S_DBSNMPPASSWORD=password oracle.server|S_SYSMANPASSWORD=password oracle. SYSTEM.

or from an earlier version of Oracle RAC. This appendix contains the following topics:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Administrative Issues for Converting Databases to Oracle RAC Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node with DBCA Preparing to Convert with rconfig and Oracle Enterprise Manager Converting Databases to Oracle RAC Using RCONFIG Example of Rconfig XML Input Files for ConvertToRAC Post-Conversion Steps
If you are upgrading from Oracle Parallel Server to Oracle RAC.2) single-instance databases to Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) and Oracle RAC One Node databases.
Note: You must use clustered Oracle ASM instances for Oracle RAC
databases. the archive file format requires a thread number. then you require a
■
■
Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node from Single-Instance Oracle Databases C-1
. For archiving with Oracle RAC environments. then use Oracle Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA). The procedures in this chapter assume that your original single-instance database and the target Oracle RAC database are using the same release and running on the same platform. Because of this. if you archive to a file and you do not use a cluster file system. or some other means to provide shared file systems.1 Administrative Issues for Converting Databases to Oracle RAC
Note the following administrative considerations before converting single-instance databases to Oracle RAC:
■
Backup procedures should be available before converting from a single-instance Oracle Database to Oracle RAC. The archived logs from all instances of an Oracle RAC database are required for media recovery.C
C
Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node from Single-Instance Oracle Databases
This appendix describes the procedures for converting from Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.
See Also: Oracle Database Licensing Information for compliance
requirements that apply to the license you have purchased
C.

ensures datafile location consistency and compliance with OFA rules. perform the procedures described in the following sections.
■
By default.
C.1 Converting Oracle Database 11g Installations to Oracle RAC Using DBCA
To convert from a single-instance Oracle Database that is on a non-cluster computer to Oracle RAC. or Oracle RAC One Node. and makes the initialization parameter file entries for cluster-enabled environments. This feature simplifies tablespace creation. You can also convert to Oracle RAC and use a non-shared file system. It has shared storage: either Oracle Cluster File System or Oracle ASM is available and accessible from all nodes. Oracle Clusterware resources.2 Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node with DBCA
You can use Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) to convert from single-instance Oracle databases to Oracle RAC.2) installation that sets up the Oracle home and inventory in an identical location on each of the selected nodes in your cluster. DBCA also configures Oracle Net Services. DBCA automates the configuration of the control file attributes. all database files are migrated to Oracle-Managed Files (OMF). Before you use DBCA to convert a single-instance database to an Oracle RAC or an Oracle RAC One Node database. On Linux on POWER systems.1. then you can use it for Oracle RAC. ensure that your system meets the following conditions:
■ ■
It is a supported hardware and operating system software configuration. This section describes the following scenarios:
■ ■
Converting Oracle Database 11g Installations to Oracle RAC Using DBCA Converting Single Instance on a Cluster to Oracle RAC Using DBCA
C. In either case.Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node with DBCA
method of accessing the archive logs from all nodes on which the cluster database has instances.2. and reduces human error with data file management.2. creates the undo tablespaces and the redo logs. and the configuration for Oracle RAC database management for use by Oracle Enterprise Manager or the SRVCTL utility (SRVCTL).
■
If your platform supports a cluster file system.1 Back Up the Original Single-Instance Database
Use DBCA to create a preconfigured image of your single-instance database by using the following procedure:
C-2 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. Your applications have no design characteristics that preclude their use with cluster database processing. Oracle strongly recommends that you use Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) to perform an Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. ensure that GPFS is available and accessible from all nodes. and in the order shown:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Back Up the Original Single-Instance Database Complete Oracle Clusterware Installation Validate the Cluster Copy the Preconfigured Database Image Install Oracle Database 11g Software with Oracle RAC
C.

On the Template Management page.1. 2.2.3 Validate the Cluster
Validate the cluster configuration using the Cluster Verification Utility (CVU). At the Welcome page. When you have completed the entries. select the Advanced install type.
4.2. as described in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your platform.5 Install Oracle Database 11g Software with Oracle RAC
1. you can enter a description of the file in the Description field. and so on.dbc file and the database preconfigured image *.
On the DBCA Template Selection page.
C. and change the template file location in the Template data file field.dbc). 6. 4. and click Finish. enter a name for your template in the Name field. OUI runs postinstallation configuration tools.
C. Select Cluster Installation Mode on the Specify Hardware Cluster Installation page of OUI.1.dfb).
C.Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node with DBCA
1.
7. and click Next. 3. On the Template Properties page.
On the Location of Database Related Files page. select Maintain the file locations. and click Next. use the template that you copied to a temporary location in the "Copy the Preconfigured Database Image" procedure. On the OUI Database Configuration Types page. Oracle recommends that you use the database name. the template files are generated in the directory ORACLE_ HOME/assistants/dbca/templates If you choose to do so. By default. DBCA. This includes copying the database structure *.
Run OUI to perform an Oracle Database installation with Oracle RAC. After installing the Oracle Database software.2.2 Complete Oracle Clusterware Installation
Complete Oracle Clusterware installation.1. On the Source Database page.
C. and click Next. and start DBCA.
Navigate to the bin directory in $ORACLE_HOME. 2. click Next.1.
Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node from Single-Instance Oracle Databases C-3
. and select the nodes to include in your Oracle RAC database. 5. select Create a database template and From an existing database (structure as well as data). click Next. select the database name in the Database instance list. so that you can restore the database to the current directory structure.dfb file that DBCA created in the previous procedure "Back Up the Original Single-Instance Database" on page C-2 to a temporary location on the node in the cluster from which you plan to run DBCA. On the Operations page.4 Copy the Preconfigured Database Image
Copy the preconfigured database image. 3. such as Network Configuration Assistant (NETCA).2. and a database preconfigured image file (template_name.
DBCA generates two files: a database structure file (template_name. select Manage Templates. Use the browse option to select the template location.

Scenario 3: The Oracle home from which the single-instance database is running is not cluster-installed. Your choices are the following: Oracle RAC database. 4. and log files.3.5. then on the DBCA File Locations Tab on the Initialization Parameters page.2 Converting Single Instance on a Cluster to Oracle RAC One Node Using DBCA
Use DBCA to convert a single-instance Oracle Database to Oracle RAC One Node by using the following procedure:
1.2. control files. The procedure to convert the single-instance database to Oracle RAC in this scenario is described in "Single Instance on a Cluster Running from a Single-Instance Installed Oracle Home" on page C-7.
If you selected raw storage on the OUI Storage Options page. replace the data files. Refer to "Single Instance on a Cluster Running from an Oracle RAC-Disabled Oracle Home" on page C-7 for instructions on how to convert the database to Oracle RAC in this environment. Scenario 2: The Oracle home from which the single-instance database is running is cluster-installed. "Creating Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases with Database Configuration Assistant" for more details about DBCA
6.
5.
After creating the Oracle RAC database.
C-4 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. Oracle RAC One Node database. "Install Oracle Database 11g Software with Oracle RAC.2. but the Oracle RAC feature is disabled. 2. DBCA displays the Password Management page on which you must change the passwords for database privileged users who have SYSDBA and SYSOPER roles.
From the Welcome window. with the corresponding raw device files if you have not set up the DBCA_RAW_CONFIG environment variable. or Oracle single instance database.2. Use the template that you selected to deploy in Section C. The steps to perform a conversion to Oracle RAC in this scenario are described in "Single Instance on a Cluster Running from a Cluster-Enabled Oracle Home" on page C-4.
■
■
C.
See Also: Chapter 3.3 Converting Single Instance on a Cluster to Oracle RAC Using DBCA
There are three scenarios in which a single-instance database can exist on a cluster computer:
■
Scenario 1: The Oracle home from which the single-instance database is running is cluster-installed. and so on."
C.
Change directory to $ORACLE_HOME/bin Start DBCA:
$ dbca
3.1. You must also replace default database files with raw devices on the Storage page.Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node with DBCA
Select the option that you want to deploy.
C.1 Single Instance on a Cluster Running from a Cluster-Enabled Oracle Home
Perform the following procedures to convert a single-instance database on a cluster running from a cluster-installed (Oracle Database 11g with Oracle RAC) Oracle home. the conversion process is complete. select Oracle Real Application Clusters database.2. When DBCA exits.

Choose the same port number and protocol that you used on the existing node. redo logs.
If you are converting single-instance database files on a file system to raw devices. Convert the database using one of the following procedures:
■ ■
2.3.
2. On the Template Selection page. and data files to create the cluster database.2. Select the names of the nodes to include as part of your cluster database. Ensure that all of these nodes can access the shared storage.Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node with DBCA
1.
Automated Conversion Procedure Using DBCA Manual Conversion Procedure
C. C.2.
Start DBCA from the initial node. then copy the database data files. select the preconfigured template that you created in Step 1 on page C-5. the conversion process is complete. configure the listeners on the additional nodes using NETCA. perform the following steps to complete the conversion:
1. and create the database. enter the raw device name for the SPFILE on the File Locations tab.If you created the preconfigured image of the single instance database as described in the section "Back Up the Original Single-Instance Database" on page C-2. add and connect these nodes to the cluster as described in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your platform.3.1 Automated Conversion Procedure Using DBCA 1. From one of the newly added nodes.1. To perform the conversion manually.
After creating the Oracle RAC database.1.
5. To use raw devices for the cluster database files: When the Initialization Parameters page appears.
3. Also. When DBCA exits. Enter the database name and respond to the remaining DBCA prompts. and server parameter file
Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node from Single-Instance Oracle Databases C-5
.
3. If NETCA displays the existing node in the node list page. then do not select this node. From the existing Oracle home. then use DBCA to complete the conversion to an Oracle RAC database. extend the Oracle Clusterware home to the new nodes using the procedures for "Extending Clusterware and Oracle Software to New Nodes" as described in Oracle Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide. On the Storage page. replace the default database file names with the raw devices for the control files. To add nodes to your cluster. control files. Click Finish. DBCA displays the Password Management page on which you must change the passwords for the database privileged users who have SYSDBA and SYSOPER roles.
See Also: "Directory Structures for Oracle RAC" on page D-1 for more information about OFA
2. shut down the single-instance database.
Create the Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) directory structure on each of the nodes that you have added. redo logs. extend this home to the new nodes using the procedure "Adding Nodes at the Oracle RAC Database Layer" as described in Oracle Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide.
4.
Use DBCA to create a preconfigured image of your single-instance database as described in the section "Back Up the Original Single-Instance Database" on page C-2. because the listener is already configured on it.2 Manual Conversion Procedure Because you did not use DBCA to create a preconfigured image of your single-instance database in step 1 on page C-5.

This command creates the dictionary views
needed for Oracle RAC databases. then adjust the size of the system global area (SGA) to avoid swapping and paging when you convert to Oracle RAC. Otherwise. then create a temporary PFILE from the SPFILE using the following SQL statement:
CREATE PFILE='pfile_name' from spfile='spfile_name'
4. adjust the size of the SGA by changing the DB_CACHE_SIZE and DB_nK_CACHE_SIZE parameters accordingly. Add REMOTE_LISTENER=LISTENER_DB_NAME and sid. then Oracle RAC requires about 350 multiplied by 10. If you are using raw devices.parameter=value syntax. and address
entries for the LOCAL_LISTENER for each instance and for the REMOTE_LISTENER in the tnsnames.
9. Create the SPFILE from the PFILE using the procedures in the section "Procedures
for Migrating to the Server Parameter File" on page 5-3.000 bytes more memory. 8. If you are using raw devices. Copy the Oracle password file from the initial node. Replace the ORACLE_SID name in each password file appropriately for each additional instance. and so on. If your single-instance database was using an SPFILE. shut down the database instance. or from the node from which
11. Create redo threads that have at least two redo logs for each additional instance.
Re-create the control files by running the CREATE CONTROLFILE SQL statement with the REUSE keyword and specify MAXINSTANCES and MAXLOGFILES. then ensure that the SPFILE is on a raw device. Then. When you have done this. to the corresponding location on the additional nodes on which the cluster database will have an instance. If you are not using a cluster file system. On the local node.ora file.ora file that contains the following entry: spfile='spfile_path_name'
The variable spfile_path_name is the complete path name of the SPFILE.
7. run catclust. The MAXINSTANCES recommended default is 32.
6.
Start up the database instance using the PFILE created in step 5. if you have 10. you should make this adjustment because Oracle RAC requires about 350 bytes for each buffer to accommodate the Global Cache Service (GCS). For example:
SQL> start ?/rdbms/admin/catclust. continue to the next step. 5.000 buffers.LOCAL_LISTENER=LISTENER_
SID parameters to the PFILE.sql.
3. then ensure that the redo log files are on raw devices. set the INSTANCE_NUMBER parameter to a unique value for each instance. as needed for your Oracle RAC configuration. Enable the new redo threads by using an ALTER DATABASE SQL statement.
Set the CLUSTER_DATABASE parameter to TRUE. then create an undo tablespace for each additional instance using the CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE SQL statement. Configure the net service entries for the database and instances.
12. Therefore. using a sid.
14.
13.sql C-6 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
.Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node with DBCA
to their corresponding raw devices using the dd command. you are working. then ensure that the data file for the undo tablespace is on the raw device. Shut down the database instance. If your single-instance database was using automatic undo management. copy these to all nodes.
15. For example. If you optimized memory usage on your single-instance database. Create the $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initsid.
10.

3.
"Back Up the Original Single-Instance Database" on page C-2. Relink the oracle binary by running the following commands:
make -f ins_rdbms.
17. To convert this type of database to an Oracle RAC database. for example.2 Single Instance on a Cluster Running from an Oracle RAC-Disabled Oracle Home
You can install a single instance on a cluster running from an Oracle RAC Oracle home that is disabled if you performed a one-node cluster (with Oracle RAC) installation.Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node with DBCA
16.
Use DBCA to create a preconfigured image of your single-instance database as described in the section "Back Up the Original Single-Instance Database" on page C-2.mk rac_on make -f ins_rdbms. To perform the conversion manually.3. your conversion process is complete and. Start the database using SRVCTL. 3.
4. you can run the following SQL statement to see the status of all the instances in your Oracle RAC database:
SQL> select * from v$active_instances
C.
C.2.3 Single Instance on a Cluster Running from a Single-Instance Installed Oracle Home
You can only install a single instance on a cluster running from a single-instance installed Oracle home if you selected the local installation option on the OUI Specify Hardware Cluster Installation page during the single-instance Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. (However. but later disabled the Oracle RAC feature by unlinking it from the oracle binary before creating the single instance database. Change the directory to the lib subdirectory in the rdbms directory under the Oracle home. "Install Oracle Database 11g Software with Oracle RAC" on page C-3. 2. In this step.
Continue with step 2 on page C-5.
Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node from Single-Instance Oracle Databases C-7
. "Validate the Cluster" on page C-3.2) installation.mk ioracle
2. perform the procedures described in the following sections:
1. "Complete Oracle Clusterware Installation" on page C-3. 4.
After starting the database with SRVCTL.) Perform the following procedures to convert this type of single-instance database to an Oracle RAC database:
1. Add the configuration for the Oracle RAC or Oracle RAC One Node database and
its instance-to-node mapping using SRVCTL.2. make sure that you select a new Oracle home other than the one from which the single-instance database was running. 3. shut down the single-instance database. you can also select the local and non-cluster selection on the Node Selection Page to create a single-instance home on a cluster with Oracle RAC disabled.

configured. After you convert the database.
C-8 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. Convert to Cluster Database.1 Prerequisites for Converting to Oracle RAC Databases
Before you convert a single-instance database to an Oracle RAC database. and running. The Oracle binary is enabled for Oracle RAC. always back up your existing database. It also results in reusing the server pool in which the database currently runs. in addition to the database server pool. as is always true before you
■
start any major change to your database.Preparing to Convert with rconfig and Oracle Enterprise Manager
C. The conversion reconfigures the database to run on all of the nodes in the server pool. you can add instances by running the SRVCTL add instance command. rconfig.2. The command does not start any additional instances but running the SRVCTL start database command starts the database on all of the nodes in the server pool. Converting an administrator-managed Oracle RAC One Node database to an Oracle RAC database sets all database services so that the single instance is preferred.
See Also: The Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide for more information
C. Converting a policy-managed Oracle RAC One Node database to an Oracle RAC database sets all database services to UNIFORM cardinality. you must create server pools for each service that the database has. ensure that the following conditions are met for each cluster node that you intend to make an Oracle RAC database node:
■ ■ ■
Oracle Clusterware 11g release 2 (11. The values for SERVER_NAMES of the service server pools must be set to the node that you converted from an Oracle RAC One Node to an Oracle RAC node. or Oracle Enterprise Manager to assist with converting a single-instance database installation to an Oracle RAC database.2) software is installed.3. provides a GUI conversion tool. The following sections describe how to use these conversion tools:
■ ■ ■
Prerequisites for Converting to Oracle RAC Databases Configuration Changes during Oracle RAC Conversion Using RCONFIG Converting Databases to Oracle RAC Using RCONFIG or Oracle Enterprise Manager Converting Databases to Oracle RAC Using Oracle Enterprise Manager
Note: Before you start the conversion. The first of these.
C. Oracle RAC 11g release 2 (11. is a command-line utility.2) is installed.3 Preparing to Convert with rconfig and Oracle Enterprise Manager
You can use rconfig. Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control database administration option.4 Converting Oracle RAC One Node to Oracle RAC
You can convert an Oracle RAC One Node database to an Oracle RAC database by logging in as the Oracle RAC One Node database owner and entering the following SRVCTL command:
$ srvctl convert database -c RAC
After you run this command.

2) Oracle RAC database. During the conversion. if you enter CFS. is available and accessible from all nodes. then rconfig converts the environment to use Oracle Managed Files (OMF) for database storage. then you can disable archive logging after the conversion has completed.Preparing to Convert with rconfig and Oracle Enterprise Manager
■
Shared storage. either Oracle Cluster File System or Oracle ASM. or use the Convert to RAC option on the single-instance database target of Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control.2) to an Oracle 11g release 2 (11. If you intend to use Oracle Enterprise Manager. running out of the same Oracle home and using the same data files as the single-instance database. run the rconfig utility from the Oracle RAC database home. In this scenario. You have backed up your existing database. rconfig moves database files to a specified shared location. User equivalence exists for the oracle account. If you want to avoid using OMF with your converted database. and enables archiving for the database.3. then the single-instance database files must already be located in a shared file system.
■
■
C.2 Configuration Changes during Oracle RAC Conversion Using RCONFIG
Note the following changes that occur when you convert a single-instance database to Oracle RAC using rconfig:
■
During the conversion. and are configured with cluster and host information. and you must indicate that rconfig should not move the files. as described in the preceding scenario.
■
Converting a single-instance Oracle Database version previous to Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.
Note: You must use clustered Oracle ASM instances for Oracle RAC
■ ■
■
databases. For the Shared Storage Type value. then all Oracle Enterprise Manager agents are configured and running.3 Converting Databases to Oracle RAC Using RCONFIG or Oracle Enterprise Manager
The following is a list of scenarios for converting a single-instance Oracle database to an Oracle RAC database:
■
Converting a single-instance Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. rconfig places the target Oracle RAC database into archive log mode.2). Then use rconfig or the Oracle Enterprise Manager Convert to RAC option.
Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node from Single-Instance Oracle Databases C-9
.3. and you use a cluster file system for your single-instance database storage. use OUI and Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) to update the single-instance database to Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. and places the datafiles in a subdirectory located under the shared storage location. running out of the same Oracle home and using the same data files as the single-instance database In this scenario.
C. If you do not plan to use archivelog space.2). and configures them using OMF.

decide if you want to use your existing Fast Recovery Area. click the Change Database secondary tab.
7. click the Databases secondary tab. run the rconfig utility in the target database home.2) to an Oracle 11g release 2 (11.
9. and click Next. select whether you want to use the existing listener and port number. When you have completed your selection. or specify a new listener and port number for the cluster. in the Database Administration Change Database section. On the Convert to Cluster Database: Cluster Credentials page. 3. 5. 2. To use this feature. create a clone image of the single-instance database. running out of a different Oracle home.3. On the Database Instance Home page.
Log in to Grid Control. Log in as the database user SYS with SYSDBA privileges to the database you want to convert. On the Targets page. or if you want to copy your recovery files to a new Fast Recovery Area using files managed by Oracle Database.2) Oracle RAC database. and move the clone image to a host that is one of the nodes of the cluster. Also provide a prefix for cluster database instances on the cluster. From the Grid Control Home page. On the Administration page. On the Hosts screen. In this scenario.
C-10 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. complete the following steps:
See Also: The Oracle Database Upgrade Guide for information about
upgrading existing Oracle Database installations
1.
On the Convert to Cluster Database: Shared Storage page. running out of a different Oracle home and using the same data files as the single-instance database.2) to an 11g release 2 (11. then also provide the ASM SYS user and password. or click Help if you need assistance in deciding how to enter information. Also. and click Next. Provide the file storage location when prompted. Then use rconfig or the Oracle Enterprise Manager Convert to RAC option. as described in the preceding scenario.2) Oracle RAC database. and click the link in the Names column of the database that you want to convert to Oracle RAC.Preparing to Convert with rconfig and Oracle Enterprise Manager
■
Converting a single-instance Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. click Next. In this scenario. click Convert to Cluster Database.
C. or use the Convert to RAC option in the single-instance database target of Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control. 6. click Next.
8. select the host nodes in the cluster that you want to be cluster members in the Oracle RAC database installed. When you have finished entering information. provide a user name and password for the oracle user and password of the target database that you want to convert. and where the host where the single-instance database is running is not one of the nodes of the Oracle RAC database. If the target database is using Oracle ASM. click the Targets tab. either select the option to use your existing shared storage area. 4.
■
Converting a single-instance Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11. On the Convert to Database: Options page.4 Converting Databases to Oracle RAC Using Oracle Enterprise Manager
You can use Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control to convert a single-instance database to Oracle RAC. or select the option to have your database files copied to a new shared storage location.

For example.xml using a text editor. If you do not use Oracle ASM.xml. so that a hardware failure does not affect availability. or two disks that are on the same spindle. making both disks unavailable. then enter the following command
$ ./rconfig convert.
As the oracle user. The XML sample file contains comment lines that provide instructions for how to configure the file. then Oracle recommends that the data files and the Fast Recovery Area are located on separate locations.
11. such as a controller shared between two disks.4 Converting Databases to Oracle RAC Using RCONFIG
You can use the command line utility rconfig to convert a single-instance database to Oracle RAC. To cancel the conversion.
10. click Cancel. If two disks share hardware that could fail. A failure group is defined by shared hardware.
Navigate to the directory $ORACLE_HOME/bin. On the Convert to Cluster Database: Review page. Make a note of the name you select. To use this feature. save the file with the syntax filename. or click Help if you need assistance in deciding how to enter information.
C. and open the file ConvertToRAC. depending on the values you provide in the ConvertToRAC. review the options you have
selected. complete the following steps:
See Also: The Oracle Database Upgrade Guide for information about
upgrading existing Oracle Database installations
1. Click Submit Job if you want to proceed to conversion. If you want to change options you have selected. then theses disks are said to be in the same failure group. click View Job to check the status of the conversion.xml
where input. and use the following syntax to run the command rconfig:
rconfig input.Converting Databases to Oracle RAC Using RCONFIG
If you use Oracle ASM.xml file.
Caution: Set the convert option Convert verify="ONLY" to perform a test conversion to ensure that a conversion can be completed successfully. if you create an input XML file called convert. navigate to the directory $ORACLE_ HOME/assistants/rconfig/sampleXMLs. When you have finished entering information. then Oracle recommends that you place the database area and the recovery area in separate failure groups.xml file. as with separate Oracle ASM failure groups. Review the ConvertToRAC.xml is the name of the XML input file you configured in step 2. such as vi.
When you have completed making changes. On the Confirmation page.xml. click Next. or to convert it to Oracle RAC One Node. and modify the parameters as required for your system. click Back.xml
Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node from Single-Instance Oracle Databases
C-11
.
2.
3.

2. Restore the source database. and starts conversion Convert verify="ONLY" rconfig only performs prerequisite checks. Allowable values are: YES|NO|ONLY --> <n:Convert verify="YES"> <!--Specify current OracleHome of non-rac database for SourceDBHome --> <n:SourceDBHome>/oracle/product/11. and fix any problems it reports that may have caused the conversion failure.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <n:RConfig xmlns:n="http://www.0/db_1</n:TargetDBHome> <!--Specify SID of non-rac database and credential. it does not start conversion after completing prerequisite checks
■
■
If performing the conversion fails.oracle.Example of Rconfig XML Input Files for ConvertToRAC
Note: The Convert verify option in the ConvertToRAC. Example C–1 is an XML input file to convert a single-instance database with Oracle ASM to an Oracle RAC database using Policy Managed server pools on Oracle ASM storage.0/db_1</n:SourceDBHome> <!--Specify OracleHome where the rac database should be configured. Reattempt the conversion.com/rconfig" xmlns:xsi="http://www. User with sysdba role is required to perform conversion --> <n:SourceDBInfo SID="sales"> <n:Credentials> <n:User>sys</n:User> <n:Password>oracle</n:Password> <n:Role>sysdba</n:Role> </n:Credentials>
C-12 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
.
Example C–1 RConfig ConvertToRAC for Policy Managed Databases <?xml version="1.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www. then use the following procedure to recover and reattempt the conversion. Example C–2 is an XML input file to convert a single-instance database with Oracle ASM to an Oracle RAC database using Administrator Managed server pools.:
1. 2.2.
Attempt to delete the database using the DBCA delete database option. Review the conversion log.Verify does a precheck to ensure all pre-requisites are met.xml file has three options:
■
Convert verify="YES": rconfig performs checks to ensure that the prerequisites for single-instance to Oracle RAC conversion have been met before it starts conversion Convert verify="NO": rconfig does not perform prerequisite checks. The rconfig log files are under the rconfig directory in $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs.oracle.
4. before the conversion is attempted.com/rconfig"> <n:ConvertToRAC> <!-.
C.w3.5 Example of Rconfig XML Input Files for ConvertToRAC
The following are two examples of an XML ConvertToRAC input file for the rconfig utility. It can be same as SourceDBHome --> <n:TargetDBHome>/oracle/product/11. 3.

LocalNode should be the first node in this nodelist.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www. Allowable values are CFS|ASM.2. For CFS.Listener details are no longer needed starting 11. It can be same as SourceDBHome --> <n:TargetDBHome>/oracle/product/11.2.--> <!-.com/rconfig" xmlns:xsi="http://www. Allowable values are: YES|NO|ONLY --> <n:Convert verify="YES"> <!--Specify current OracleHome of non-rac database for SourceDBHome --> <n:SourceDBHome>/oracle/product/11. If current database is not using recovery Area.0/db_1</n:SourceDBHome> <!--Specify OracleHome where the rac database should be configured.2. If specified. Database is registered with default listener and SCAN listener running from Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. If this field is left empty. Instance names are generated automatically based on db_unique_ name for Policy Managed dababase. before the conversion is attempted. --> <n:SharedStorage type="ASM"> <!--Specify Database Area Location to be configured for rac database. -->
Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node from Single-Instance Oracle Databases
C-13
.Example of Rconfig XML Input Files for ConvertToRAC
</n:SourceDBInfo> <!--Specify the list of existing or new server pools which will be used by the Policy Managed Cluster Database.oracle.com/rconfig rconfig.0/db_1</n:TargetDBHome> <!--Specify SID of non-rac database and credential. current storage will be used for rac database. current recovery area of non-rac database will be configured for rac database. User with sysdba role is required to perform conversion --> <n:SourceDBInfo SID="sales"> <n:Credentials> <n:User>sys</n:User> <n:Password>oracle</n:Password> <n:Role>sysdba</n:Role> </n:Credentials> </n:SourceDBInfo> <!--Specify the list of nodes that should have rac instances running for the Admin Managed Cluster Database. --> <!--Specify the type of storage to be used by rac database. --> <n:TargetFlashRecoveryArea>+ASMDG</n:TargetFlashRecoveryArea> </n:SharedStorage> </n:Convert> </n:ConvertToRAC> </n:RConfig> Example C–2 Rconfig ConvertToRAC for Administrator Managed Databases <?xml version="1.oracle.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <n:RConfig xmlns:n="http://www. The non-rac database should have same storage type.w3. --> <n:ServerPoolList> <n:ExistingServerPool name="custom"/> <n:NewServerPool name="newpool" cardinality="2"/> </n:ServerPoolList> <!--Specify RacOneNode along with servicename to convert database to RACOne Node --> <!--n:RacOneNode servicename="salesrac1service"/--> <!--InstancePrefix is not required for Policy Managed database. this field will have directory path. it will be ignored.xsd"> <n:ConvertToRAC> <!-.If this field is left empty. ASM credentials are no needed for conversion. the resulting rac database will not have a recovery area. --> <n:TargetDatabaseArea>+ASMDG</n:TargetDatabaseArea> <!--Specify Fast Recovery Area to be configured for rac database.Verify does a precheck to ensure all pre-requisites are met.

Allowable values are CFS|ASM. as described in the Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide Use locally managed tablespaces instead of dictionary managed tablespaces to reduce contention and manage sequences in Oracle RAC as described in the Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide Follow the guidelines for using automatic segment space management as described in the Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide
■
■
The buffer cache and shared pool capacity requirements in Oracle RAC are slightly greater than the requirements for single-instance Oracle databases. If this field is left empty.If this field is left empty.Post-Conversion Steps
<n:NodeList> <n:Node name="node1"/> <n:Node name="node2"/> </n:NodeList> <!--Specify RacOneNode along with servicename to convert database to RACOne Node --> <!--n:RacOneNode servicename="salesrac1service"/--> <!--Instance Prefix tag is optional starting with 11.Listener details are no longer needed starting 11. you should increase the size of the buffer cache by about 10%. ASM credentials are no needed for conversion. current recovery area of non-rac database will be configured for rac database. --> <!--Specify the type of storage to be used by rac database. --> <n:TargetDatabaseArea>+ASMDG</n:TargetDatabaseArea> <!--Specify Fast Recovery Area to be configured for rac database. --> <n:TargetFlashRecoveryArea>+ASMDG</n:TargetFlashRecoveryArea> </n:SharedStorage> </n:Convert> </n:ConvertToRAC> </n:RConfig>
C. this field will have directory path. Database is registered with default listener and SCAN listener running from Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. current storage will be used for rac database.6 Post-Conversion Steps
After completing the conversion. and the size of the shared pool by about 15%. The non-rac database should have same storage type. If current database is not using recovery Area. --> <n:SharedStorage type="ASM"> <!--Specify Database Area Location to be configured for rac database.2.
C-14 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. For CFS. Therefore. the resulting rac database will not have a recovery area. it is derived from db_unique_name. note the following recommendations for Oracle RAC environments. as described in the Oracle RAC documentation:
■
Follow the recommendations for using load balancing and transparent application failover.2.--> <n:InstancePrefix>sales</n:InstancePrefix> <!-. If left empty.

with an Oracle database installation. where the database is the second database.
See Also: The Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide for further information about the $ORACLE_HOME and /ADMIN directories
D. all subdirectories except for oraInventory. installation_ type Type of installation under the Oracle base directory. the path is as follows: /u01/app/oracle/11. where the software owner is the oracle user.0/dbhome_2
Directory Structure for Oracle Real Application Clusters Environments
D-1
. For example. and the Oracle Clusterware home.2. You can also choose to add a counter. if you intend to have more than one installation of the software.D
D
Directory Structure for Oracle Real Application Clusters Environments
This appendix describes the directory structures for Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) software environments. The ORACLE_HOME and ADMIN directories are also located under ORACLE_ BASE. are under a top-level ORACLE_ BASE directory.2) with Oracle RAC. This appendix contains the following topics:
■ ■
Understanding the Oracle RAC Directory Structure Directory Structures for Oracle RAC
D. the Oracle Automatic Storage Management home (if applicable). An Oracle Clusterware directory must not be under the Oracle base directory path where the database binaries are located.1 Understanding the Oracle RAC Directory Structure
When you install Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2.2 Directory Structures for Oracle RAC
Table D–1 shows the hierarchical directory tree of a sample optimal flexible architecture (OFA)-compliant database for Oracle RAC:
Table D–1
Root $ORACLE_BASE
Directory Structure for A Sample OFA-Compliant Environment
Second-level Third-level Fourth-level Description /u01/app/oracle The default ORACLE_BASE directory. Note that the Oracle database home is under the Oracle base directory path. ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/11.0/ The default name of the Oracle home.

The dump destinations for database server.
See Also: Oracle Database Administrator's Reference for Linux and UNIX-Based Operating Systems for further information about the $ORACLE_HOME and /admin directories
D-2 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. this is the same as dbname when the database name is 8 or fewer characters in length. The subtree for Oracle Net. The database unique name. Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) software is installed. The root. this path is a subset of the Oracle base directory. cdump. /bin /network The subtree for Oracle binaries. and that the path for the Automatic Data Repository must be located on a shared storage location available to all the nodes. Because of this. and udump files are relocated to the directory $ADR_BASE.0/ An OFA-compliant path for the Oracle Clusterware home. Note that with Oracle Database 11g. Note that this directory path is set by the initialization parameter DIAGNOSTIC_DEST. /db_unique_ name /hdump /pfile $ADR_BASE /bdump /cdump /udump Automatic Diagnostic Repository dump destination trace files. bdump. in the following path: $ORACLE_BASE/diag/ Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster home (Grid home) /u01/app/grid/11. the Oracle Clusterware home directory must not be a subdirectory of the Oracle base directory.2.) Directory Structure for A Sample OFA-Compliant Environment
Root Second-level /ADMIN Third-level Fourth-level Description The administrative directory.sh script changes permissions of all of the parent directories of the Oracle Clusterware home directory to grant write access only to the root user.Directory Structures for Oracle RAC
Table D–1 (Cont. By default. During the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster installation.

Oracle recommends that you create a backup of the Oracle Database installation. Oracle
Clusterware.
then you must shut down all Oracle Database instances on all of the cluster nodes before modifying the Oracle software. You can use Oracle Enterprise Manager or SRVCTL to shut down the Oracle RAC databases and their instances.1 Backing Up the Oracle RAC Database
Before you make any changes to the Oracle software. or Oracle Restart. with normal or immediate priority.
E.
E.
How to Stop Processes in an Existing Oracle Real Application Clusters Database E-1
.
Note: If you are using Oracle Clusterware or Cluster Ready Services.2 Shutting Down Oracle RAC Databases
Shut down any existing Oracle Database instances on each node. or in preparation for patch updates.E
E
How to Stop Processes in an Existing Oracle Real Application Clusters Database
This appendix describes how to stop all processes in an Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) database. you must first shut down all database instances that use them.
Note: Before you can shut down Oracle ASM instances. in preparation for adding additional products to an existing database. If you are performing a patch update. This appendix contains the following topics:
■ ■ ■ ■
Backing Up the Oracle RAC Database Shutting Down Oracle RAC Databases Stopping All Oracle Processes Using CVU to Validate Readiness for Oracle RAC Upgrades
E.3 Stopping All Oracle Processes
Stop all listener and other processes that are running in the Oracle home directories where you want to modify the database software. then review the instructions in the Patch Set Notes for detailed instructions.

3.2 Stopping Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM Instances
If you are modifying an Oracle Clusterware or Oracle Cluster Ready Services (CRS) installation. rather than an unplanned system outage.
Shut down any processes in the Oracle home on each node that might be accessing a database.
Note:
1.2). For example:
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole 2.1 Stopping Oracle Database Processes Before Adding Products or Upgrading
This section provides an overview of what needs to be done before adding additional products to Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.
Note:
1. To shut down all Oracle RAC instances for a database.
Shut down all Oracle RAC instances on all nodes. set a blackout in Grid Control for the processes that you intend to shut down.
You must perform these steps in the order listed. where db_name is the name of the database:
$ oracle_home/bin/srvctl stop database -d db_name
E.
Note: Before you shut down any processes that are monitored by
Enterprise Manager Grid Control.Stopping All Oracle Processes
This section contains the following topics:
■ ■
Stopping Oracle Database Processes Before Adding Products or Upgrading Stopping Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM Instances
E. set a blackout in Grid Control for the processes that you intend to shut down. Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control.
Shut down any processes in the Oracle home on each node that can access a database. This is necessary so that the availability records for these processes indicate that the shutdown was planned downtime. If you are performing a patch upgrade. for example. This is necessary so that the availability records for these processes indicate that the shutdown was planned downtime.
Note: Before you shut down any processes that are monitored by
Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control. enter the following command.3. then refer to the Database Patch Set Notes for the patch for additional instructions.
You must perform these steps in the order listed. rather than an unplanned system outage. then shut down the following Oracle Database services.
E-2 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
.

For example: 11. where u01/app/grid/11.
Shut down all Oracle RAC instances on all nodes.
■
-dest_version dest_version Use the dest_version flag to indicate the release number of the upgrade. you can enter a single command: crsctl stop cluster -all.1 About the CVU Database Upgrade Validation Command Options
Use the command cluvfy stage -predbinst -upgrade to check the readiness of your Oracle RAC installation for upgrades.4 Using CVU to Validate Readiness for Oracle RAC Upgrades
Review the contents in this section to validate that your Oracle RAC cluster is ready for upgrades. enter the following command. where db_name is the name of the database:
$ oracle_home/bin/srvctl stop database -d db_name
3. where src_RAChome is the path to the home that you want to upgrade.2. including any patchset.2.Using CVU to Validate Readiness for Oracle RAC Upgrades
2. where variable content is indicated by italics:
cluvfy stage -pre dbinst -upgrade -src_dbhome src_RAChome -dest_dbhome dest_RAChome -dest_version dest_version [-fixup[-fixupdirpath]] [-verbose]
The options are:
■
-src_dbhome src_RAChome Use this flag to indicate the location of the source Oracle RAC home that you are upgrading.4.0. The release number must include the five digits designating the release to the level of the platform-specific patch.
Shut down the Oracle Clusterware or CRS process by entering the following command on all nodes as the root user
# crsctl stop cluster
To stop Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM instances on all nodes in the cluster. where dest_RAChome is the path to the Oracle RAC home.
■
-dest_dbhome dest_RAChome Use this flag to indicate the location of the upgrade Oracle RAC home.2.
E. Running cluvfy with the -predbinst -upgrade flags performs system checks to confirm if the cluster is in a correct state for upgrading from an existing Oracle RAC installation. The command uses the following syntax.0. enter the following command.
Note: The crsctl stop crs command is used to stop Oracle Restart
services for single-instance databases.0 is the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home.2. To stop node applications running on a node.
How to Stop Processes in an Existing Oracle Real Application Clusters Database E-3
.0/bin/srvctl stop nodeapps -n node
4. and node is the name of the node where the applications are running
$ u01/app/grid/11.
Stop all node applications on all nodes.
E. To shut down all Oracle RAC instances for a database.

3 Verifying System Readiness for Oracle Database Upgrades
Use Cluster Verification Utility to assist you with system checks in preparation for starting a database upgrade./cluvfy stage -pre dbinst -upgrade -src_dbhome /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.Using CVU to Validate Readiness for Oracle RAC Upgrades
See Also: Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for information about release number format
■
-fixup [-fixupdir fixupdirpath]] Use the -fixup flag to indicate that you want to generate instructions for any required steps you need to complete to ensure that your cluster is ready for an upgrade.1.0. and either prompts you to fix problems. and provide the path to the fixup directory
■
-verbose Use the -verbose flag to produce detailed output of individual checks
E.3. or provides a fixup script to be run on all nodes in the cluster before proceeding with the upgrade. then add the flag -fixupdir.2.2 Example of Verifying System Upgrade Readiness for Oracle RAC Infrastructure
You can verify that the permissions required for installing Oracle RAC have been configured on the nodes node1 and node2 by running the following command:
$ .4.
See Also: Oracle Database Upgrade Guide
E-4 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. If you want to place the fixup instructions in a different directory.0 -fixup -fixupdirpath /home/oracle/fixup -verbose
E.0/dbhome_1 -dest_version 11.4.0/dbhome_1 -dest_dbhome /u01/app/oracle/product/11. The default location is the CVU work directory. The installer runs the appropriate CVU checks automatically.

1 About Managing Ports
During installation. Every component and service has an allotted port range. Most port numbers are assigned during installation.
If the answer to any of the preceding questions is yes. Oracle Database can still detect if the port is used. This appendix contains the following topics:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
About Managing Ports Viewing Port Numbers and Access URLS Port Numbers and Protocols of Oracle Components Changing the Oracle Management Agent Port Changing the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Console Ports Changing the Oracle XML DB Ports
F. Oracle RAC starts with the lowest number in the range and performs the following checks:
■
Is the port used by another Oracle Database installation on the host? The installation can be either active or inactive at the time. ports for some Oracle Database applications are
Managing Oracle Database Port Numbers F-1
. including processes other than Oracle Database processes. which is the set of port numbers Oracle RAC attempts to use when assigning a port. it is important to know the port numbers used by these services. Many Oracle RAC components and services use ports.
F. the Oracle Database component's port number is listed in the tool used to configure the port. and to make sure that the same port number is not used by two services on your server.2 Viewing Port Numbers and Access URLS
In most cases.
■
Is the port used by a process that is currently running? This could be any process on the host. As an administrator. Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) assigns port numbers to components from a set of default port numbers.F
F
Managing Oracle Database Port Numbers
This appendix lists the default port numbers and describes how to change the assigned port after installation. then Oracle RAC moves to the next highest port in the allotted port range and continues checking until it finds a free port. In addition.

as well as by GNS to perform name resolution.ini file. and coordinates updates to the profile among the nodes of the cluster to ensure that all of the nodes node have the most recent profile. By default. This port is used exclusively with the cluster interconnect. Grid Plug and Play (GPNPD) GPNPD provides access to the Grid Plug and Play profile. To find or change a port number. You cannot view or modify it afterward. which is a private network that is physically separated from the public network. Event Manager (EVM) The port number is assigned automatically during installation. so you can rely on this file only immediately after installation.
F.ini file. This file is located in the directory $ORACLE_ HOME/install. use the methods described in this appendix.Port Numbers and Protocols of Oracle Components
listed in the portlist. This port is used on all interfaces that have broadcast capability. and a service on Windows.
Table F–1 Ports Used in Oracle Components Used Only On Interconnect Yes
Component and Description Cluster Manager The port number is assigned automatically during installation.3 Port Numbers and Protocols of Oracle Components
Table F–1 lists the port numbers and protocols used by components that are configured during the installation.
Default Port Number Port Range Dynamic Dynamic
Protocol UDP
42424
Dynamic
UDP
Yes
Dynamic
Dynamic
UDP
Yes
Dynamic
Dynamic
TCP
No
Multicast Domain Name Service (MDNSD) 5353 Grid Plug and Play uses the mDNS process to locate profiles in the cluster.
Dynamic
UDP/TCP
No
F-2 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. and uses dedicated hardware for the interconnect. Broadcast occurs only when a node eviction restart is imminent. if it is available. If you change a port number after installation. Cluster Synchronization Service (CSSD) Node restart advisory messages fixed port. and uses dedicated hardware for the interconnect. the first port in the range is assigned to the component. This port is used exclusively with the cluster interconnect. which is a private network that is physically separated from the public network. You cannot view or modify it afterward. The mDNS process is a background process on Linux and UNIX. then it is not updated in the portlist.

Oracle Grid Naming Service (GNSD)
Default Port Number Port Range 5540 5540–5559
Protocol TCP
23792
Configured manually
RMI
No
42424
Dynamic
UDP
Yes
53 (public). then the ONS daemon listener local port defaults to 6100. If you do not specify the ONS port values. and the ONS daemon remote port defaults to 6200. TCP interconnect
No
Dynamic
UDP
Yes
1830–1849
HTTP
No
6200 (remote) Port for ONS. used to publish and subscribe service for communicating information about all Fast Application Notification (FAN) events. "Changing the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Console Ports" on page F-5 explains how to modify its port number. "Changing the Oracle Management Agent Port" on page F-5 explains how to modify its port number Oracle Notification Services (ONS) 6100 (local) 3938
UDP/TCP (public). Dynamic (interconnect)
Dynamic The Oracle Grid Naming Service daemon (interconnect) provides a gateway between the cluster mDNS and external DNS servers. It is configured during installation.
53 (public).) Ports Used in Oracle Components Used Only On Interconnect No
Component and Description Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Console JMS port for Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control. Use srvctl to modify ONS ports. Oracle High Availability Services (OHASD) 42424 The Oracle High Availability Services (OHAS) daemon starts the Oracle Clusterware stack.
Configured manually
TCP
No
F-4 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
. This port is used exclusively with the cluster interconnect.Port Numbers and Protocols of Oracle Components
Table F–1 (Cont. Oracle Management Agent HTTP port for Oracle Management Agent. which is part of Oracle Enterprise Manager. The gnsd process performs name resolution within the cluster. The FAN notification process uses system events that Oracle publishes when cluster servers become unreachable or if network interfaces fail. It is configured during installation. Oracle Grid Interprocess Communication (GIPCD) A support daemon that enables Redundant Interconnect Usage. Oracle Enterprise Manager RMI port for Oracle Enterprise Manager to interact with QoS over the public interconnect.

To change the Oracle Management Agent HTTP port.) Ports Used in Oracle Components Used Only On Interconnect Yes
Component and Description Oracle Real Application Clusters The port number is assigned automatically during installation. Oracle XML DB The Oracle XML DB FTP is used when applications need to access an Oracle database from an FTP listener. To reconfigure this port.
Default Port Number Port Range Dynamic Dynamic
Protocol UDP
1521
Port number TCP changes to the next available port. but you cannot view it afterward. "Changing the Oracle XML DB Ports" explains how to change its port number. This port is used exclusively with the cluster interconnect.
0
Configured manually
HTTP
No
0
Configured manually
FTP
No
F. "Changing the Oracle XML DB Ports"explains how to change its port number. It is configured during installation.5 Changing the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Console Ports
To find the current HTTP.4 Changing the Oracle Management Agent Port
To find the current setting for the Oracle Management Agent port. where host_sid is a string that contains the local host name and the SID for the Oracle RAC database:
■
HTTP port: Search for REPOSITORY_URL in the ORACLE_HOME/host_ sid/sysman/config/emd. use the emca -reconfig ports command:
emca -reconfig ports -AGENT_PORT 1831
F.Changing the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Console Ports
Table F–1 (Cont. where host_sid is a string that contains the local host name and the SID for the Oracle RAC database. but you cannot view it afterward.properties file. Modifiable manually to any available port.properties file.xml file. Oracle Net Listener Allows Oracle client connections to the database over the protocol for Oracle Net. and JMS port settings. search for EMD_URL in the ORACLE_HOME/host_sid/sysman/config/emd. You can configure it during installation.
No
Oracle XML DB The Oracle XML DB HTTP port is used if Web-based applications need to access an Oracle database from an HTTP listener. use Net Configuration Assistant.
■
Managing Oracle Database Port Numbers F-5
. It is configured during installation. search in the following files. RMI port: Search for the port attribute in the rmi-server tag in the ORACLE_ HOME/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_host_sid/config/rmi. You cannot view or modify it afterward. RMI.

xml file.
Check that the Oracle listener is running.
Exit SQL*Plus.
To change the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control ports. and assuming your Oracle home is in the location /u01/app/oracle/product/11.0/dbhome_1/.sql script. for example:
emca -reconfig ports -DBCONTROL_HTTP_PORT 1820 -AGENT_PORT 1821 -RMI_PORT 5520
F.Changing the Oracle XML DB Ports
■
JMS port: Search for the port attribute in the jms-server tag in the ORACLE_ HOME/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_host_sid/config/jms. the FTP and HTTP (including HTTPS) ports for Oracle XML DB are set to 0. To change the Oracle XML DB ports.
log in to SQL*Plus as SYS or XDB using the SYSDBA privileges. For example. which disables FTP or HTTP access to Oracle XML DB. to use 2200 for the FTP port and 8200 for the HTTP port.
Run the catxdbdbca.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catxdbdbca. then refer to Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide.2. you must run the catxdbdbca. to log in to SQL*Plus as SYS:
SQL> sqlplus sys/ as sysdba
3.6 Changing the Oracle XML DB Ports
By default.2. If you cannot start the listener. which in a default installation is located in $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin.sql 2200 8200
4.
2. enter the following command:
SQL> /u01/app/oracle/product/11.sql script. option specifies one or more of the following ports and setting is the new port value:
Option DBCONTROL_HTTP_PORT RMI_PORT JMS_PORT Description Sets the HTTP port Sets the RMI port Sets the JMS port Example emca -reconfig ports -DBCONTROL_HTTP_ PORT 1820 emca -reconfig ports -RMI_PORT 5520 emca -reconfig ports -JMS_PORT 5521
You can specify multiple -reconfig port settings in one line. To change the Oracle XML DB ports:
1. use the emca -reconfig ports command:
ORACLE_HOME/bin> emca -reconfig ports option setting
In the previous example. For example.
See Also: Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for information about connecting to the database using SQL*Plus
F-6 Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
.