With Eye on China, Japan Defense Planners Seek Spending Boost

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has ended a ban on Japanese soldiers fighting overseas and reversed a decade of military spending cuts, angering Japan’s neighbors.

1.1k

By Kiyoshi Takenaka 29 August 2014

TOKYO — Japan’s defense planners are seeking their biggest budget ever for the coming fiscal year to pay for stealth fighters, drones and a hi-tech submarine, as Prime Minister Shinzo Abe bolsters the military amid an intensifying rivalry with China.

The Defense Ministry on Friday requested a 3.5 percent increase to 5.05 trillion yen (US$48.7 billion) for the year starting next April. If approved, this third increase in a row will more than reverse the decade of cuts that Abe ended after coming to office in December 2012.

The hawkish premier, taking a more assertive stance on national security, has also ended a ban on Japanese soldiers fighting abroad and eased curbs on weapons exports.

By testing the constraints of Japan’s pacifist postwar constitution, Abe has angered some neighbors, especially Beijing, which accuses him of reviving the nation’s wartime militarism.

Japan, in turn, is wary of the rapid military buildup in China, which has overtaken Japan in recent years as the world’s second-biggest economy. Beijing’s military budget has jumped fourfold over the past decade to 808 billion yuan ($132 billion), nearly triple Japan’s.

In recent years, Sino-Japanese tensions have ramped up over the ownership of a group of uninhabited islets in the East China Sea. Patrol ships and military planes from both countries now routinely shadow each other in the area.

The government says procurement reform, including bulk purchases for multi-year projects, will save 700 billion yen over five years.

Subs, Drones, Destroyers

In another request meant to patrol the waters plied by China, the ministry is seeking 64.4 billion yen for an upgraded Soryu class submarine that can stay submerged far longer than the boat of the same class it requested for this fiscal year for 20 percent less.

The new sub has a propulsion system using long-running lithium-ion batteries, replacing one that used liquid oxygen to run a diesel engine, allowing it to stay underwater for around two weeks. The new design allows a “significant extension to the submarine’s ability to stay submerged,” said a ministry official.

Australia has said it is interested in the Soryu design as a possible replacement for its Collins class subs, which need to suck air through a snorkel at the surface when they use their diesel engines while submerged.

Japan’s shopping list also includes unmanned surveillance planes and tilt-rotor aircraft that take off and land like a helicopter but fly like a plane, as Japan aims to boost its monitoring and troop-deployment capabilities.

The ministry does not specify which models of tilt-rotor aircraft and unmanned drones it has in mind because talks with potential suppliers are still going on, but the V-22 Osprey, built by Boeing Co and Bell Helicopter, is the only tilt-rotor plane in military use—including by US forces in Japan.

Besides the cutting-edge weapons, the budget request is boosted by the planned replacement of ageing government planes, used for purposes like the prime minister’s overseas trips—akin to the US president’s Air Force One—with two of Boeing’s 777-300ER jets.

When expenses for the new government planes and costs associated with the realignment of US forces in Japan are excluded, the budget request comes to 4.9 trillion yen, up 2.4 percent from this year.

The Defense Ministry is also eyeing North Korea, seeking its seventh destroyer equipped with the Aegis ballistic-missile defense system.

“We will fortify our system of defending the whole of our country continuously and in a multi-layered fashion against ballistic missile attacks,” the ministry said in a statement.

Much of the Japanese archipelago sits within the range of North Korea’s mid-range Rodong missiles. The ministry’s latest white paper calls Pyongyang’s military activity a grave destabilizing factor for Japan and the rest of the world.

The submission of the initial budget request will be followed by a series of negotiations between the Defense and Finance ministries ahead of the compilation of the government’s budget bill at the end of the year.