Tunstead (St. Mary)

TUNSTEAD (St. Mary), a parish, in the Tunstead
and Happing incorporation, hundred of Tunstead, E.
division of Norfolk, 3¼ miles (N. E. by E.) from Coltishall; containing 488 inhabitants. It comprises 2261a.
1r. 2p., of which 2155 acres are arable, 70 pasture, and
20 wood. The living is a discharged vicarage, with that
of South Ruston annexed, valued in the king's books at
£18. 9. 7.; patron and incumbent, the Rev. T. Mack,
who is joint impropriator, with R. Johnson, Esq. The
great tithes not held by the landowners have been commuted for £355, and the vicarial tithes for £284; the
glebe contains 6 acres. The church is chiefly in the
decorated style, with a square embattled tower; on the
south side of the chancel are three stone seats with highly
decorated canopies, and also a piscina. The Wesleyans
have a place of worship.

Tunstead

TUNSTEAD, an ecclesiastical district, in the union
of Haslingden, Higher division of the hundred of
Blackburn, N. division of Lancashire, 8 miles
(N. N. W.) from Rochdale, on the road to Haslingden;
containing about 2700 inhabitants. This was anciently
a booth or vaccary in the Forest of Rossendale. The
district consists of the whole of Tunstead Booth and a
small portion of Bacup Booth, and forms a fine vale
rising on each side to high moorland: the soil, generally,
is clay. The river Irwell, and a branch of the EastLancashire railway, pass through. The population is
chiefly employed in two cotton-mills, three woollen-mills,
a foundry, in the large collieries in the vicinity, and in
several stone-quarries. Heath-Hill here, a mansion of
stone, situated on an eminence, is the seat of Robert
Munn, Esq. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the
patronage of Trustees; net income, £110. The church,
dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was built in 1840, at a
cost of £1800, and has a tower. There are places of
worship for Wesleyans and Baptists; also an excellent
national school.

Tunworth (All Saints)

TUNWORTH (All Saints), a parish, in the union
and hundred of Basingstoke, Basingstoke and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 3 miles (S. E.)
from Basingstoke; containing 124 inhabitants. It comprises by admeasurement 1045 acres, of which 548 are
arable, 200 down, 160 meadow and pasture, and 137
woodland: the earth rests upon chalk. The living is a
rectory, valued in the king's books at £8. 18. 9., and in
the gift of G. P. Jervoise, Esq.: the tithes have been
commuted for £175; there is a parsonage-house, and
the glebe comprises 40 acres.

Tupholme

TUPHOLME, a parish, in the union of Horncastle,
W. division of the wapentake of Wraggoe, parts of
Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 7 miles (S.) fromWragby;
containing 74 inhabitants. It comprises 1795 acres, of
which 487 are arable, 1011 meadow and pasture, and
297 woodland. The living is a discharged vicarage,
valued in the king's books at £2. 10. 10.; net income,
£89; patron and appropriator, the Bishop of Lincoln.
An abbey of Præmonstratensian canons, in honour of the
Blessed Virgin Mary, was founded here in the time of
Henry II., by Allan and Gilbert de Nevill, and at the
Dissolution possessed a revenue of £119. 2. 8.

Tupsley

TUPSLEY, a township, in the parish of BishopHampton, hundred of Grimsworth, union and county
of Hereford, 2 miles (E. S. E.) from Hereford; containing 556 inhabitants. It comprises, with an extraparochial place of 8 acres, 1401 acres, of which 473 are
arable, and the remainder meadow and garden.

Tupton

TUPTON, a township, in the parish of North
Wingfield, union of Chesterfield, hundred of
Scarsdale, N. division of the county of Derby, 4 miles
(S.) from Chesterfield; containing 317 inhabitants.

Turkdean (All Saints)

TURKDEAN (All Saints), a parish, in the union
of Northleach, hundred of Bradley, E. division of
the county of Gloucester, 2 miles (N. by W.) from
Northleach; containing 246 inhabitants. It comprises
about 2100 acres; the soil is light, and the surface
boldly undulated. The living is a discharged vicarage,
valued in the king's books at £10; net income, £208;
patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Canons of
Christ-Church, Oxford. The tithes were commuted for
land and annual money payments in 1792; the glebe
contains 180 acres.

Turnastone (St. Mary)

TURNASTONE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union
of Dore, hundred of Webtree, county of Hereford,
11 miles (W. by S.) from Hereford; containing 76 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the river Dore,
near the Hay and Hereford road; and comprises 550
acres, a large portion of which is woodland. The
living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king's books
at £2. 14. 2., and in the patronage of Lady Boughton:
the tithes have been commuted for £73, and the glebe
comprises 5½ acres. The church is in the Norman
style of architecture.

Turnditch

TURNDITCH, a chapelry, in the parish of Duffield, union of Belper, hundred of Appletree,
S. division of the county of Derby, 4 miles (W. by S.)
from Belper; containing 405 inhabitants. It comprises 1007 acres, partly clay and partly a sandy soil;
with an undulated surface, and very picturesque scenery:
there are some well-built farmhouses and neat cottages.
The chapel, built in 1631, is a small structure, dedicated
to All Saints. The living is a perpetual curacy; net
income, £63; patron, the Vicar of Duffield; impropriator, Lord Beauchamp. Here are places of worship
for Baptists and Primitive Methodists.

Turners-Puddle (Holy Trinity)

TURNERS-PUDDLE (Holy Trinity), a parish, in
the union of Wareham and Purbeck, hundred of
Hundredsbarrow, Wareham division of Dorset, 7½
miles (N. W.) from Wareham; containing 122 inhabitants The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the
king's books at £7. 13. 4., and in the gift of J. Frampton, Esq.: the tithes have been commuted for £168,
and the glebe comprises 3½ acres. The church was
partly blown down in 1758 and rebuilt in 1759.

Turnham-Green

TURNHAM-GREEN, a hamlet, in the parish of
Chiswick, union of Brentford, Kensington division
of the hundred of Ossulstone, county of Middlesex,
5 miles (W. by S.) from London. The great western
road passes through. The village contains many handsome houses occupied by genteel families; it is lighted
with gas, and supplied with water from the West London water-works. On the south side is the Horticultural Society's garden, the principal entrance to which
is from the green here. A cruciform church in the
early English style, with a handsome tower surmounted
by a lofty spire, has lately been erected; it is a district
church, and dedicated to Christ. The living is in the
gift of the Bishop of London.

Turnhill

TURNHILL, an extra-parochial place, adjoining the
parish of Middleton, in the union and lythe of Pickering, N. riding of York; containing 12 inhabitants.

Turnworth (St. Mary)

TURNWORTH (St. Mary), a parish, in the union
of Blandford, hundred of Cranborne, Blandford
division of Dorset, 5 miles (W. by N.) from Blandford; containing 89 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1560a. 1r. 39p., of which 528 acres are arable,
805 pasture, 95 woodland, 17 orchard and garden, and
88 waste. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's
books at £10. 12. 3., and in the gift of the Bishop of
Salisbury: the tithes have been commuted for £125,
and the glebe contains 25 acres.

Turton

TURTON, a township and chapelry, in the parish
and union of Bolton, hundred of Salford, S. division
of the county of Lancaster, 4½ miles (N.) from Bolton,
on the road to Blackburn; the township containing
3577 inhabitants. This is a highly interesting locality,
abounding in romantic scenery, and remarkable for its
antiquity, its traditionary legends, and as being a seat
of active industry. The chapelry includes the townships of Edgeworth, Entwisle, Quarlton, and part of
Bradshaw. The township of Turton contains 4471
acres of land, mostly pasture and meadow; the soil is
of various quality, and there are several coal-mines
and stone-quarries. The Eagley, a rivulet tributary to
the Irwell, separates the chapelry on the west from
Sharpies, and on the east side of Turton township is
another rivulet, called Bradshaw brook, over which the
Blackburn, Darwen, and Bolton railway has a splendid
viaduct. A Roman road also passes through. Among
the extensive manufactories are the Eagley Mills, first
established for carding cotton about 1790, at which time
nearly all the cotton used in the neighbourhood was
carded at these mills; they are now the property of
Messrs. John Chadwick and Brothers, and employ about
750 hands in manufacturing small wares. The New
Eagley Mill, belonging to Messrs. Henry and Edmund
Ash worth, erected in 1803, and subsequently enlarged,
is for cotton-spinning and power-loom weaving; it is
worked by a large water-wheel and two steam-engines,
and affords employment to about 370 hands. The
Egerton mill, the property of the same firm, is also for
spinning cotton, and has a water-wheel sixty feet in
diameter and twelve feet broad, an object of curiosity
and interest from its magnitude and the superiority of
its construction: in this mill about 500 hands are employed. The Egerton dye-works form part of the same
premises, and give employment to about 120 persons in
addition. At Dunscar (which see) are the old established
bleaching-works of Messrs. George and James Slater;
and there are other works, of a minor character, in the
chapelry. Fairs for cattle, horses, &c, are held at
Chapel-Town on September 4th and 5th. Turton
Tower, an embattled structure four stories high, the residence in succession of the Orrell, the Chetham, and
the Green families, is now the seat of James Turton, Esq.
The Oaks, surrounded by plantations, is the property
and residence of Henry Ashworth, Esq.; Egerton Hall
is the seat of his brother, Edmund Ashworth, Esq., and
Dunscar that of James Slater, Esq. All these houses
command fine views of the country.

For ecclesiastical purposes the chapelry is divided
into two districts. At Chapel-Town is the church of
St. Ann, rebuilt in 1841 at a cost of £2500; it is in the
early English style, with a square tower surmounted by
a graceful spire: the eastern window is of stained glass.
The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £155,
with a glebe-house; patron, G. M. Hoare, Esq. Christ
Church, at Walmsley, close by the Blackburn road, was
built in 1839, in lieu of an ancient chapel, at a cost of
£3500; it is also in the early English style, with a
tower and pinnacles. The living is a perpetual curacy,
with a net income of £70, and a house; patron, the
Vicar of Bolton. A school was endowed in 1746 by
Humphrey Chetham, of Turton Tower; and another,
endowed by Abigail Chetham, has property producing
£30 per annum: Humphrey Chetham was founder of
Chetham College, Manchester, and twelve poor boys
from Turton are regularly received and educated at that
institution. This munificent benefactor also left the
rental of a small farm, called Goose-Coat Hill, for distribution in linen or other clothing among aged and
necessitous persons belonging to the township, not receiving parochial relief. In Christ-Church district is a
national school. On the Roman road are the remains
of a Druidical temple, and the copper head of an old
British standard has been found here.

Turvey (All Saints)

TURVEY (All Saints), a parish, in the hundred of
Willey, union and county of Bedford, 4 miles (E.)
from Olney; containing 960 inhabitants. The parish
is bounded on the west by the river Ouse (which here
separates the county from that of Buckingham), and is
situated on the road from Northampton to Bedford. It
comprises by admeasurement 3960 acres, of which
about half are under tillage, and the remainder pasture
and woodland. In the parish are quarries of limestone
and of stone for building. Most of the females are engaged in lace-making. The living is a rectory, valued
in the king's books at £l6; patron, T. C. Higgins, Esq.;
appropriator, the Bishop of Ely: the appropriate tithes
have been commuted for £253, and the incumbent's for
£458. 9. The church contains portions in various
styles, and has several fine monuments to the noble
family of Mordaunt; the remains of the celebrated Earl
of Peterborough are deposited in the family vault. The
glebe-house was lately rebuilt in the Elizabethan style.
There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans. A national school has an endowment of £40 per
annum, and an infant school is supported by subscription. The ancient mansion called Turvey Abbey,
situated here, was formerly a convent, dependent on
the abbey of St. Neot's, Huntingdonshire: the moats
and foundations of Turvey Hall, the residence of the
lords Peterborough, are still visible. The Rev. Legh
Richmond, author of the 'Annals of the Poor,' the
Dairyman's Daughter, &c., was rector from 1805 till his
death in May 1828. The parish confers the title of
Baron on the Duke of Bedford.

Turville (St. Mary)

TURVILLE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of
Wycombe, hundred of Desborough, county of Buckingham, 6 miles (N. W. by W.) from Marlow; containing 476 inhabitants, several of whom are employed
in lace-making. The parish comprises 2275 acres, of
which 120 are common or waste land. The living is a
discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at
£9. 9. 9½.; present income, under commutation, £90,
with 40 acres of glebe; patron, Joseph Bailey, Esq.;
impropriators, the landed proprietors. The celebrated
French general, Dumourier, resided at this place during
the last two or three years of his life, and died here.

Turweston (St. Mary)

TURWESTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union
of Brackley, hundred and county of Buckingham,
½ a mile (E.) from Brackley; containing 361 inhabitants. Before the reign of Edward I. the manor belonged successively to the families of Fulgeres, Stovill,
and Baynell. Having then escheated to the crown, it was
given to the monks of Westminster, and after the Reformation formed a part of the endowment of the
Dean and Chapter. The parish lies on the borders of
Northamptonshire, and comprises about 1150 acres, the
chief part of which is arable; the soil is clayey, with a
substratum of limestone. The river Ouse rises in the
vicinity. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's
books at £12. 16. 3.; net income, £300; patrons, the
Dean and Chapter of Westminster. The tithes were
commuted for land and a money payment in 1813.

Turwick, county of Sussex.—See Terwick.

TURWICK, county of Sussex.—See Terwick.

Tushingham, with Grindley

TUSHINGHAM, with Grindley, a township, in
the parish of Malpas, union of Nantwich, Higher
division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the
county of Chester, 3½ miles (E. S. E.) from Malpas;
containing 320 inhabitants. It comprises 1288 acres, of
strong land, with peat. The tithes have been commuted for £120.—See Chad, St.

Tusmore

TUSMORE, a parish, in the union of Bicester,
hundred of Ploughley, county of Oxford, 6 miles (N.
by W.) from Bicester; containing 19 inhabitants. The
living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king's books
at £3. 5.; net income, £15; patrons, the Trustees of
Mrs. Ramsay. The church has been destroyed.

Tutbury (St. Mary)

TUTBURY (St. Mary), a parish, and formerly a
market-town, in the union of Burton-upon-Trent, N.
division of the hundred of Offlow and of the county of
Stafford, 4¼ miles (N. W. by N.) from Burton; containing 1835 inhabitants. On the division of lands
after the Conquest, Tutbury, anciently Tuttesbury, was
included in the domain allotted to Henry de Ferrers, a
Norman nobleman, who rebuilt and enlarged the castle
of this place. His descendant Robert, joining the Earl
of Leicester in rebellion against Henry III., was fined
£50,000, and being unable to pay so large a sum, forfeited the castle to the king, who granted it to his son,
Edmund, Earl of Lancaster. After the attainder of
Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, who, with the Earl of Hereford, had attempted the dethronement of Edward II.,
this fortress was suffered to fall to ruin, and so remained
till the year 1350, when John of Gaunt, becoming its
possessor, rebuilt the greater part of it, with the gatehouse, and surrounded it on three sides by a wall, the
precipitous declivity on the fourth rendering further
security unnecessary. Mary, Queen of Scots, was for
some time imprisoned here. At the commencement of
the civil war it was garrisoned for the king, but was
surrendered to the parliament in April 1646, and by its
order nearly demolished in July the following year.
The ruins, however, are still sufficient to indicate its
former extent and magnificence, and exhibit good specimens of the early and later English styles. On the
declivity of the commanding eminence upon which the
castle stood, a Benedictine priory in honour of the
Blessed Virgin was established in 1080 by Henry de
Ferrers, which, though a cell to the abbey of St. Peter
super Divam, in Normandy, survived till the general
Dissolution, when its revenue was £242. 15. 3.

The town occupies a finely wooded elevation on the
west bank of the Dove, which is crossed by a stone
bridge of five arches, built in 1815-16, a little lower
down the river than a former one, of the date of Henry
VI. It was at a very early period erected into a free
borough, and possessed many valuable privileges. On a
branch of the river are some corn and cotton mills, and
there is also a considerable cut-glass manufactory in the
town: the country between Tutbury and Needwood
Forest abounds with gypsum, used for agricultural and
architectural purposes. Fairs for horses and cattle are
held on Feb. 14th, Aug. 15th, and Dec. 1st. The manor
of Tutbury belongs to the crown, in right of the duchy
of Lancaster: the jurisdiction of the honour extends
over a great portion of Staffordshire, and into several
of the neighbouring counties, and in Her Majesty's name,
a court leet is held here once a year, at Michaelmas; also a court of pleas every third Tuesday, for all
debts under 40s. contracted within the honour. The
living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books
at £7; patron, the Vicar of Bakewell; impropriator,
John Spencer Stone, Esq. The great tithes have been
commuted for £400. 10., and the vicarial for £37; there
is a small parsonage-house, and the glebe contains 83¼
acres. The church, which was annexed to the priory, is
a fine specimen of the Norman style, and was enlarged
and greatly improved in 1829, at an expense of nearly
£2000, whereof £250 were contributed by the Incorporated Society. There are places of worship for Wesleyans, Independents, and Primitive Methodists. A free
school was founded by Richard Wakefield, who, about
1730, endowed it with lands producing about £40 per
annum; the school-house was rebuilt in 1789. The
same person, by his will in 1773, devised land and tithes
now producing about £450, to trustees, for charitable
uses.

In 1831, some workmen, while digging a quantity of
gravel out of the bed of the river, discovered, thirty yards
below the bridge, and from four to five feet under the
surface of the gravel, about 100,000 valuable coins,
chiefly sterlings of the empire of Brabant, Lorraine, and
Hainault. Among them were several Scottish coins of
Alexander III., John Balliol, and Robert Bruce; coins of
Edward I., Henry III., and Edward II.; specimens of
all the prelatical coins of the reigns of Edward I. and II.;
of Beck, Keller, and Beaumont, bishops of Durham;
some others, supposed to have been struck by the abbot
of Bury St. Edmund's, bearing the inscription "Rob. de
Hadley;" and a few of the archiepiscopal see of York.
These coins were the contents of the military chest of
Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, deposited at Tutbury Castle
previously to his retreat from that place, before the army
of Edward II., to his castle of Pontefract, in the county
of York; and which, with baggage entrusted to his
treasurer, was lost in the river Dove, on his attempting
to cross it at high flood, in the darkness of the night
and with a panic-struck guard. Among the curious
customs that formerly prevailed here, was a minstrel
fête given by the Duke of Lancaster on Assumption-day,
to which all the itinerant musicians of the neighbourhood were invited. There was also a sport called "Bullrunning," which consisted in chasing a bull with a soaped
tail; if caught in the county, he was conducted to the
market-place and there baited, otherwise he remained
the property of the Duke of Devonshire, who held the
priory on condition of furnishing a bull annually for the
purpose. Ann Moore, who professed the ability to
live without food, resided here during the period of her
imposture.

Tutnal, with Cobley

TUTNAL, with Cobley, a township, in the parish of
Tardebigg, union of Bromsgrove, Upper division of
the hundred of Halfshire, Bromsgrove and E. divisions
of Worcestershire, 2 miles (E. S. E.) from Bromsgrove; containing 533 inhabitants, and comprising 3347
acres. The Worcester and Birmingham canal passes
through the township.

Tuttington (St. Peter and St. Paul)

TUTTINGTON (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish,
in the union of Aylsham, hundred of South Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, 2 miles (E.) from Aylsham; containing 227 inhabitants. It comprises 813a.
3r. 21p., about one-fifth of which consists of meadow,
waste, and woodland. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at £5. 0. 7½., and in the
gift of the Bishop of Ely: the great tithes have been
commuted for £200, and the vicarial for £102. 10.; the
glebe contains nearly 16 acres.

Tuxford (St. Nicholas)

TUXFORD (St. Nicholas), a market-town and parish, in the union of East Retford, South-Clay division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the
county of Nottingham, 30 miles (N. E. by N.) from
Nottingham, and 139 (N. by W.) from London, on the
great north road; containing 1079 inhabitants. This
place, often denominated Tuxford-in-the-Clay, is a small
town of modern appearance, having been rebuilt since
1702, when the old village was destroyed by fire. The
trade in hops is somewhat extensive, large quantities
being grown in the neighbourhood. The market is on
Monday; and fairs are held on May 12th, for cattle,
sheep, swine, and poultry, and on Sept. 25th, for hops.
The parish comprises 2913 acres by admeasurement.
The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's
books at £4. 14. 7.; net income, £260; patrons and
impropriators, the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. The tithes were partly exchanged for
land and a money payment in 1799, and under the recent
act a commutation has taken place for a rent-charge of
£236. 12.; there is a parsonage-house, and the glebe
consists of nearly 104 acres. The church contains portions in various styles. Here are places of worship for
Wesleyans and Independents; also a free school founded
in 1670 by Charles Read, who bequeathed £200 for the
erection of the building, and endowed it with lands now
producing £40 per annum.