chapter 11 greek history test

Terms

a foreigner who is not a citizen but is protected by the laws of athens. Metics were usually shopkeepers, traders, craftsmen, or moneylenders.

Knossos

the Minoan capitol.

Zeus

King of the gods, able to control the weather, shot thunderbolts at wrongdoers.

Delos

the birthplace of Apollo, an other sactuary to him, games were also held there every five years to honor Apollo.

Delphi

a sunctuary to Apollo, many people kept money there because no theif would rob a sacred place.

Monarchy

a form of government in which one person rules.

Salamis

retreated thenn attacked and surrounded (battle of Platia).

Olympics

the sports games that took place every 4 years to honor Zeus.

Olympia

sanctuary for Zeus, where the olympic games where held.

Demeter

the goddess of grain.

the Government of Sparta

the government of Sparta was a monarchy ruled by 2 kings, 5 ephors, 30 senators, and a citizens assembly.

Athens

a city-state in greece with ideas that were very different than those of Sparta.

Sanctuaries

sacred places built to honor the gods.

Thermopylae

the Greeks sent about 7000 soldiers to gaurd the pass, for two days they held off the Persians but on the 2nd day, a traitor led the persians through a secret pass so they could attack from behind. Most of the Greeks retreated but 300 Spartan soldiers stayed and fought.

Ares

Zeus's son and the god of war.

Allies

the Spartans and the Athenians joined forces to fight Persia, the first battle of the combined forces was at Thermopylae.

sad plays in which the hero was brought to ruin by a flaw in their character.

Tyrant

a leader who seized fore and ruled single-handedly.

Sparta

a city-state in greece with ideas that were very different than those of Athens

Xeres

the king of Persia in 480 B.C.

Comedies

a funny play that often made fun of something.

Myceneans

a culture that lived in ancient Greece from 1400 B.C. to 1100 B.C.

Oracles

the places in sanctuaries where priests and priestesses interpreted messages form the gods, one of the most famous messages was "wooden walls"

Tyranny

a form of government in which a Tyrant rules.

Dark Age

1100 B.C. to 800 B.C. tradition was kept alive orally and there were only small, isolated villages.

Hera

Zeus's wife and the goddess of marriage.

Peloponnesus

a peninsula that is one of the main parts of greece.

Apollo

Zeus's son ant the god of light, said to have driven the sun across the sky in his golden chariot everyday, also the god of health herding, and prophecy.

Helot

a state slave.

Age of Expansion

600s and 500s B.C. a time in which the City-States flourished in art, science, government, and literature.

the Festival of Dionysus

a religious festival honoring Dionysus that focused on drama. Three days of it were devoted to tragedies and one to comedies.

City-State

a self governed city in which the city and all the farmland surrounding it are its teritory.

Oligarchy

a from of government in which a few privalaged individuals rule.

Minoans

a culture that lived in ancient Greece from 3000 B.C. to 1400 B.C.

Democracy

a form of government in which the people rule themselves or through elected representetives.

Training Spartan Children

at age seven, boys went to barracks and started military training, at age 18 the joined the army and completed their training, at age 30 they left the army and were given a plot of land and some Helots were assigned to it.

"Wooden Walls"

during the Persian war, the Athenian generals needed advice on how to win. The priests interpreted the message "wooden walls", after much deliberation, they decided that "wooden walls" meant for them to build more ships, their new fleet of ships did in fact help them beat the Persians.

Barter

trading one product for another.

Religious Festivals

festivals to honor the gods, many involved sports and animal sacrafices, but some were about drama, like the festival of Dionysus.

the Economy of Sparta

Sparta had a strong military, in fact, they even had a law saying that the only job a man could have was to be a soldier.

Mycenae

the Mycenean capitol.

Training Athenian Children

cultural education was valued and so was sports, only wealthy athenian boys went to school. When they turned 18 they joined the army for two years of training. After the training they were each given a sword and a sheild and joined the army reserve.

Odyssey

a famous epic poem written by Homer. It was about a person named Odysseus.

Citizenship

your father and your mother's father must have been citizens for you to be one, you can also only be a citizen if you are a man.