refers to the total length of the trunk
line under passenger and freight transportation (including
both full operation and temporary operation). The calculation
is based on the actual length of the first line even
if this line has a full or partial double track or more
tracks, excluding double tracks, station sidings, tracks
under the charge of stations, branch lines, special-purpose
lines and the non-payable connecting lines. The length
of railways in operation is an important indicator to
show the development of the infrastructure for the railway
transport, and also the essential data to calculate
volume of passenger freight transport, traffic density
and utilization efficiency of the locomotives and carriages.

Extension Length of Trunk Lines

refers to the sum of the first, the second,
the third lines and other constructed length of the
trunk railways, excluding the extenuation length of
the station lines, lines under the jurisdiction of depots,
sidings and lines for special purpose. It provides important
information for the calculation of the needs for rails,
sleepers, sand and stone for the construction of railways.

Length of Electrified Railways

refers to the length of the section of
railways in operation in which the power supply lines
and other equipment are installed for the running of
electrified locomotives. The proportion of the length
of electrified railways to the total length of railways
in operation is an important indicator to show the modernization
of railways.

Automatic-blocking and Semi-automatic-blocking
Length of Railways

Blocking is a spacing technique by which
a section of the railway only allows one train to pass
at a time, in order to ensure the traffic safety. Automatic
(semi-automatic) blocking length of railways refers
to railways installed with equipment to perform automatic
or manual blocking of trains, the proportion of automatic/semi-automatic
blocking length to the total length of railways in operation
is an important indicator to show the modernization
of railways.

Length of Highways

refers to the length of highways which
are built in conformity with the grades specified by
the highway engineering standard formulated by the Ministry
of Communications, and have been formally checked and
accepted by the departments of highways and put into
use. The length of highways includes that of the suburb
highways at large and medium-sized cities, highways
passing through streets at small cities and towns, and
also the length of bridges and ferries. It does not
include the length of streets in big and medium-sized
cities and highways built for the production purpose
at factories, mines, forest areas and agricultural areas.
If two or more highways go the same section of the way,
the length of the section is only calculated for once
and no duplication is allowed. The length of highways
is an important indicator to show the development of
the highway construction and to provide essential information
to calculate the transport network density.

Length of Navigable Inland Waterways

an indicator reflecting the size and development
of inland water network, it refers to the length of
the natural rivers, lakes, reservoirs, canals, and ditches
open to navigation during a given period, which enables
the transport by ships and rafts. It includes the channels
open to navigation for over an accumulative 3 months
in a year, yet this does not include the river courses
which are only used to float odd logs and bamboo rafts.

Length of Civil Aviation Routes

refers to the length of all routes for
regular civil aviation flights. There are usually two
ways to calculate the distance between airports connected
by the route length: One is to put the length of all
air routes together, called duplicated calculation of
the length of the routes; the other is not to allow
the duplication in calculation when two or more routes
passing the same section of aviation routes. The latter
is usually used, as it can precisely show the size of
the civil aviation network and indicate the extent of
civil aviation serving the national economy and the
people.

Length of Oil (Gas) Pipelines

used as an indicator to show the development,
scale and level of the pipeline transportation, it refers
to the actual transport distance of oil (or gas) products,
and is in general calculated in the length of single
pipe line. If the length of the double pipelines and
alternate pipeline are included, it is called the extension
length of the oil (gas) pipelines, which indicates the
actual length of the pipelines built, excluding double
pipelines.

Freight (Passenger) Traffic

refers to the volume of freight (passenger)
transported with various means. Freight transport is
calculated in tons and passenger traffic is calculated
in the number of persons. Despite the type of freight
and travelling distance, the freight transport is calculated
in the actual weight of the goods: and despite the travelling
distance and ticket price, the passenger traffic is
calculated by the principle that one person can be counted
only once in one travel. The passenger who travel with
a half price ticket or a child ticket is also calculated
as one person. The freight (passenger) traffic provides
a quantitative measure to show how the transport industry
serves the national economy and people, and is also
an important indicator for planning the transport industry
and for studying the development scale and speed of
the transport industry.

Freight (Passenger) Traffic Density

refers to the freight (passenger) traffic
volume carried by a particular means of transportation
during a given period through one kilometer of a specific
section of transportation route.
The formula is as follows:
Freight (Passenger) Traffic Density = [Freight Ton-kilometers
(Passenger-kilometers)] / (Length of Route in Operation)
Measuring unit: ton-kilometer / kilometer (or person-kilometer
/ kilometer)
Freight (passenger) traffic density reflects the degree
of business of freight (passenger) traffic on transportation
routes, and therefore provides important information
for balancing transport capability, planning construction
and upgrading of transport routes and studying the distribution
of transport network.

Freight Ton-kilometers (Passenger-kilometers)

refer to the sum of the products of the
volume of transported cargo (passengers) multiplying
by the transport distance, usually using ton-kilometer
and passenger-kilometer as units for measurement. Normally,
the shortest distance between the departure station
and the destination station (i.e., the payable distance)
is the basis to calculate the freight ton-kilometers.
This is an important indicator to show the total results
of the transport industry, to prepare and examine the
transport plan and to measure the efficiency, the labour
productivity and the unit cost of transport.
The formula is as follows:
Freight Ton-kilometers (Passenger-kilometers) =¡Æ{Freight
(Passenger) Traffic x Distance of Transportation}
Measuring unit: ton-kilometer (person-kilometer)

Static Load of Freight Cars

refers to the average cargo weight as
loaded by each freight car under the static condition
at the departure station. It is used to show the utilization
extent of the loading capacity of the freight cars.
The formula is:
Static Load (ton) of Freight Car£½(Tonnage of Goods Dispatched)
/ (Number of Freight Cars Loaded)
The static load of freight cars is determined by the
nature and type of goods loaded, the type of vehicles,
and the technique of loading. The difference between
the average marked load and the static load of freight
cars reflects the utilization of loading capacity of
freight cars. For its calculation the following formula
is applied:
Utilization Rate of Capacity of Freight Cars(£¥)=[(Average
Static Load)¡Á100£¥] / (Average Marked Load)

Average Daily Haul of Freight Locomotives

refers to the average total ton-kilometers
accomplished by each freight transport locomotive over
day and night during a given period of time. It includes
both the weight of the goods carried and the dead weight
of the train itself. It is a comprehensive indicator
reflecting the locomotive efficiency in terms of both
time and the pulling force.
Average Daily Haul of Freight Transport Locomotive (ton-kilometer)=[(Total
Ton/(Kilometers of Freight)] / (Daily Number of Freight
Transport Locomotive)

Volume of Freight Handled in Major Coastal Ports

refers to the volume of cargo passing
in and out the harbor area of the major coastal ports
and having been loaded and unloaded. The volume includes
that of the postal matters, registered luggage and fuels,
materials and fresh water as supplies of the ships.
The volume of freight handled may be classified by direction
of flow as freight for import and freight for export,
or by nature of cargo as freight for domestic trade
and freight for foreign trade. As an important indicator,
the volume of freight handled by type of cargo and by
main flow direction reflects the production capacity
of ports.

Business Volume of Post and Telecommunications

refers to the total amount of post and
telecommunications services, expressed in value terms,
provided by the post and telecommunications departments
for the society. Post and telecommunication services
can be classified as letters, parcels, remittance, issue
of newspapers and magazines, fast mail service, express
mail service, savings deposits, stamps for collection,
public and individual telegraph service, facsimiles,
long-distance telephone service, leasing of telephone
lines, urban paging service, mobile telephone service,
data transfer and transmission, etc. The accounting
approach is to multiply the service products of all
types with their average unit price (constant price)
to get sum of business value, plus income from other
services such as leasing of telephone lines and equipment,
maintenance of telephone switchboards and lines on behalf
of customers. This indicator reflects the overall results
of post and telecommunications service during a given
period, and is important to study the composition of
business service and the development of post and telecommunications
service.
The formula is as follows:
Business Volume of Post and Telecommunications =¡Æ(Transaction
of Post and Telecommunication Service x Constant Price)
+ Income from Leasing, Maintenance and other Services

Subscribers of Wireless Paging Services

Wireless paging service refers the service
by which telephone users send audio, digital or character
signals to persons carrying small-size pagers within
the designated areas through wireless paging centers.
The page carriers who have registered in paging centers
are counted as paging subscribers.

Mobile Telephone Subscribers

refer to the persons who own mobile telephone
numbers and are connected with the mobile telephone
communication network through the mobile telephone switchboards.
The number of subscribers is calculated by the subscribers
who have completed registration at mobile communication
business centers and entered into the mobile telephone
network. One mobile telephone is taken as a subscriber.

Telephone Subscribers

refer to subscribers that
are connected to the public line telephone network provided
with telephone services. Before 1997, telephone subscribers
were classified as city subscribers and village subscribers.
City subscribers referred to those connected to city
telephone networks in county towns and cities, while
village subscribers referred to those connected to village
telephone stations at and below counties. Since 1997,
the classification of telephone subscribers was modified
on the basis of physical location of the subscribers
as "urban telephone subscribers" and "rural
telephone subscribers", which is different from
the previous classification of categorizing "local
telephones" and "rural telephones", while
the definition of total subscribers and total number
of telephones remain unchanged.

Urban Telephone Subscribers

refer to subscribers telephone subscribers,
located at municipalities, cities under the jurisdiction
of province, cities at prefectural level, downtown and
suburb of city at county level town and county towns
(including country towns where county government located,
and towns of county level according to the administrative
organizational system), that are connected to the public
line telephone network, including rural mineral area,
forest area, military area.

Rural Telephone Subscribers

refer to telephone subscribers, located
at towns under county town and country, that are connected
to the public line telephone network.

Household Telephone Subscribers

refer to telephone sets installed in the
dwelling units of urban or rural residents, and registered
as residence subscribers for payment, including 3 types
of payment for the service: private payment, public
payment and free service.

Capacity of Office Telephone Exchangers

refers to the capacity (measured in gate)
of telephone exchangers installed in the offices of
local telecommunication service providers for communication
between fixed telephones. It includes the capacity of
both manual and automatic exchangers in use and for
stand-by purpose. Equipment with expansion function
is to be counted by the expanded capacity.