History of the Theatre, Foundation Edition

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This is a brief edition of the most successful theatre history book on the market today providing a trimmer, less expensive, and more accessible paperback version.History of Theatre - Brief Editionprovides the same full coverage of world theatre as the original. The histories of African and Asian theatre are given their own units, ensuring their unique developments will not be obscured within the coverage of Western theatre. Chapters have been trimmed to make them easier to cover but have also been revised to provide up-to-date and accurate information that isThe History of the Theatrers"shallmark. This paperback edition is extensively illustrated.

Preface

xi

The Origins of Theatre

1

(8)

The Theory of Ritual Origin

1

(1)

Performative Elements and Functions

2

(2)

Other Theories of Origin

4

(1)

North Africa and the Near East

5

(4)

Looking at Theatre History

7

(2)

Theatre and Drama in Ancient Greece

9

(22)

The Origin of Tragedy

11

(1)

Tragedy in the Fifth Century

12

(1)

The Satyr Play

13

(1)

Greek Comedy in the Fifth Century

14

(1)

The Dramatic Festivals

15

(2)

Play Selection and Financing

17

(1)

Actors and Acting

18

(1)

The Chorus

18

(1)

Music and Dance

19

(1)

Costumes and Masks

20

(2)

Stages and Staging

22

(4)

Auditorium and Audience

26

(1)

Athenian Theatre after the Fifth Century

27

(4)

Looking at Theatre History

29

(2)

Hellenistic and Roman Theatre

31

(26)

The Hellenistic Theatre

31

(1)

Dramatic Theory

31

(1)

New Comedy

32

(1)

Actors and Acting

33

(1)

Costumes

34

(1)

Theatre Architecture

34

(3)

Greek Mimes

37

(1)

The Roman Theatre

38

(1)

Etruscan and Oscan Antecedents

38

(1)

The Roman Context

39

(2)

Roman Festivals

41

(1)

Drama under the Roman Republic

41

(2)

Drama under the Roman Empire

43

(2)

Production Arrangements

45

(1)

Roman Theatre Architecture

46

(3)

Scenery

49

(2)

Actors and Acting

51

(1)

Masks and Costumes

52

(1)

Music

53

(1)

The Decline of the Theatre in Rome

54

(3)

Looking at Theatre History

55

(2)

Cross-Currents of Theatre History: Asian, Byzantine, and Early Western European Theatre

57

(27)

Asian Theatre: India

58

(2)

Sanskrit Drama

60

(1)

Sanskrit Performance

61

(2)

China

63

(2)

The Development of Chinese Literary Drama

65

(3)

Japan

68

(1)

Early Professional Theatre in Japan

69

(1)

The Theatre of Byzantium

69

(1)

The Byzantine Theatre

70

(3)

The Rise of Islam

73

(1)

Western European Theatre

74

(1)

The Theatre, 500 to 900 C.E.

74

(2)

Monastery Theatre---Liturgical Drama and Comedy

76

(2)

Theatre in the High Middle Ages, 1050--1300 C.E.

78

(2)

The Staging of Liturgical Drama

80

(1)

The Feast of Fools

80

(1)

Nonliturgical Drama

81

(3)

Looking at Theatre History

81

(3)

European Theatre in the Late Middle Ages

84

(22)

Performances Outside the Church

85

(1)

The Vernacular Religious Drama

86

(1)

The Stages

86

(2)

Scenery

88

(3)

Special Effects and Machinery

91

(1)

Audiences and Auditoriums

92

(1)

Music

92

(1)

Production Arrangements

93

(1)

The Director

93

(1)

Actors and Acting

94

(2)

Costumes

96

(1)

Secular Dramatic Forms

96

(1)

Farce

96

(2)

The Morality Play

98

(1)

Chambers of Rhetoric

99

(1)

Interludes and the Advent of Professional Acting

100

(2)

Tournaments, Mummings, and Disguisings

102

(1)

Royal Entries and Street Pageants

102

(1)

The End of Medieval Drama

103

(3)

Looking at Theatre History

104

(2)

English Theatre to 1642

106

(28)

Early Tudor Drama

107

(1)

The University Wits

108

(1)

Shakespeare and His Contemporaries

109

(2)

Jacobean and Caroline Dramatists

111

(1)

Government Regulation of the Theatre

112

(1)

Acting Troupes

113

(2)

Theatrical Conditions

115

(1)

The Public Theatres

116

(5)

The Private Theatres

121

(3)

Scenery, Properties, Special Effects, and Music

124

(1)

Costumes

125

(1)

Audiences

126

(1)

Court Plays and Masques

127

(3)

The Italian Ideal in England

130

(4)

Looking at Theatre History

131

(3)

The Theatre of Spain and New Spain to 1700

134

(17)

The Religious Drama

134

(2)

Secular Drama

136

(1)

Early Professional Theatre

137

(1)

Lope de Vega and His Contemporaries

138

(1)

Calderon and His Contemporaries

139

(1)

Acting Companies

140

(1)

Actors and Acting

140

(1)

Costumes

141

(1)

The Corrales

142

(3)

The Stage and Scenery

145

(1)

Theatre in the Americas

146

(1)

Court Entertainments

147

(4)

Looking at Theatre History

149

(2)

Italian Theatre to 1700

151

(24)

Renaissance Drama

152

(2)

Mannerism and the Beginnings of the Baroque

154

(1)

The Neoclassical Ideal

155

(1)

Intermezzi and Opera

156

(1)

The Development of New Scenic Practices

157

(6)

Development of Theatre Architecture

163

(2)

Machinery and Special Effects

165

(2)

Music and Dance

167

(1)

The Festival Context

167

(1)

Stage Lighting

168

(1)

Commedia Dell'Arte

168

(5)

The Decline of Theatre in the Italian States

173

(2)

Looking at Theatre History

173

(2)

French Theatre to 1700

175

(22)

Theatre at Court and in Schools Prior to 1600

176

(1)

The Public Theatre in Paris before 1597

177

(1)

The Public Theatre, 1597-1629

178

(2)

The Triumph of the Neoclassical Ideal

180

(2)

Acting Companies, 1629--1660

182

(1)

The Public Theatres, 1629--1660

182

(1)

Scenic Practices in the Public Theatres, 1629--1660

183

(1)

Italian Scenic Conventions at the French Court: Italian Opera, Machine Plays, and Ballet

184

(2)

French Court Theatre: The Salle de Machines, Comedy Ballet, and French Opera, 1660--1700

186

(2)

French Drama, 1660--1700

188

(3)

Acting Companies, 1660--1700

191

(1)

The Organization of French Acting Companies

192

(1)

Theatre Architecture and Scenic Practices, 1660--1700

193

(2)

The Close of the Seventeenth Century

195

(2)

Looking at Theatre History

195

(2)

Asian Theatre to 1800

197

(22)

India

197

(2)

China

199

(1)

Beijing Opera

200

(5)

Japan

205

(1)

Noh (or No) Drama and Kyogen

205

(3)

Kabuki

208

(5)

Bunraku

213

(3)

Other Asian Countries

216

(3)

Looking at Theatre History

217

(2)

English Theatre to 1800

219

(25)

Theatrical Activity, 1642--1660

219

(1)

The Reestablishment of the Theatre

220

(1)

Acting Companies, 1600--1700

221

(1)

English Drama, 1660--1700

222

(2)

English Drama, 1700--1750

224

(2)

Governmental Regulation of the Theatre

226

(1)

English Drama, 1750--1800

227

(2)

The Playwright

229

(1)

Financial Policies

229

(1)

Theatre Architecture

230

(1)

Scenic Practices

231

(3)

Costume Practices

234

(1)

Actors and Acting, 1660--1800

235

(3)

Audiences and Performances

238

(1)

The Provincial Theatre

239

(1)

Theatre of Colonial North America

239

(5)

Looking at Theatre History

242

(2)

Continental European Theatre to 1800

244

(32)

The Evolution of Italian Scenic Design

245

(2)

Italian Drama of the Eighteenth Century

247

(1)

French Drama of the Eighteenth Century

248

(2)

Parisian Acting Troupes

250

(2)

Actors and Acting

252

(2)

Costume Practices

254

(1)

Theatre Architecture

255

(1)

Scenic Practices

256

(1)

The End of Eighteenth Century Theatre in France

257

(1)

The Court Theatres of the German States

257

(1)

The Jesuit Theatre

258

(1)

The Early Public Theatre in the German States

259

(1)

The Reforms of Gottsched and Neuber

260

(1)

Acting Companies and the State Theatres

261

(2)

Lessing and the Storm-and-Stress Movement

263

(1)

Evolution of Staging in the Eighteenth Century

264

(3)

F. L. Schroder and the Hamburg School

267

(1)

Iffland and the Mannheim School

267

(1)

Kotzebue and the Beginnings of Melodrama

268

(1)

Goethe, Schiller, and Weimar Classicism

269

(2)

Theatre in Russia to 1800

271

(5)

Looking at Theatre History

273

(3)

Continental European Theatre in the Early Nineteenth Century

276

(19)

The Theatre under Napoleon---Melodrama and Romanticism

277

(3)

German-Language Drama after Napoleon

280

(2)

Theatrical Conditions in German-Language Theatres

282

(2)

French Drama after Napoleon

284

(2)

Theatrical Conditions in France to the 1850s

286

(1)

Directing and Acting in France to the 1850s

287

(2)

Scenery, Costume, and Lighting in France to the 1850s

289

(3)

Russian Drama and Theatre to the 1850s

292

(3)

Looking at Theatre History

294

(1)

English-Language Theatre in the Early Nineteenth Century

295

(20)

Trends in English Theatre, 1800--1843

296

(1)

English Drama to the 1850s

297

(1)

English Theatrical Conditions, 1800--1843

298

(3)

Macready and Vestris

301

(2)

Theatre in North America, 1781-1815

303

(2)

The Expanding American Theatre, 1815--1850

305

(3)

Theatrical Conditions in the United States and Canada

308

(7)

Looking at Theatre History

313

(2)

English-Language Theatre in the Late Nineteenth Century

315

(22)

Theatre in the United States, 1850--1870

316

(2)

Theatre in the United States, 1870--1895

318

(5)

Theatre in Canada

323

(1)

Theatre in Australia and New Zealand

324

(2)

English Drama, 1850--1890

326

(2)

English Theatrical Conditions, 1843--1860

328

(2)

English Theatrical Conditions, 1860--1880

330

(1)

English Theatrical Conditions, 1880--1900

331

(6)

Looking at Theatre History

335

(2)

Continental European and Latin American Theatre in the Late Nineteenth Century

337

(19)

Russian Theatre to 1900

337

(2)

Theatrical Conditions in Russia to 1900

339

(1)

German and Austrian Theatre to 1900

340

(2)

French Drama to 1900

342

(2)

Theatrical Conditions in France to 1900

344

(6)

The Theatre in Italy and Spain to 1900

350

(1)

Theatre in Latin America to 1900

351

(5)

Looking at Theatre History

354

(2)

The Beginnings of Modern Realism

356

(21)

The Beginnings of Realism

356

(1)

Saxe-Meiningen

357

(2)

Ibsen

359

(1)

Zola and the French Naturalists

360

(2)

Antoine and the Theatre Libre

362

(1)

The Freie Buhne and German Realism

363

(2)

The Independent Theatre and Realism in England

365

(3)

The Continuing Tradition in England to 1914

368

(1)

The Moscow Art Theatre and Realism in Russia

369

(1)

The Theatre in Italy and Spain to 1914

370

(1)

Theatre in the United States to 1917

371

(3)

Major Technical Innovations, 1875--1914

374

(3)

Looking at Theatre History

375

(2)

Modern Alternatives to Realism

377

(19)

Wagner and the Nonrealistic Theatre

377

(2)

Nonrealistic Theatre in France

379

(2)

The Revival of Idealism in France

381

(1)

Appia and Craig

382

(2)

Strindberg and Freud

384

(1)

Nonrealistic Theatre and Drama in Germany

385

(2)

Nonrealistic Theatre in England

387

(2)

The Irish Renaissance

389

(2)

Italy and the Futurists

391

(1)

Russian Modernism

392

(4)

Looking at Theatre History

394

(2)

Twentieth Century Theatre between the Wars

396

(33)

English Theatre and Drama, 1914--1939

396

(4)

Theatre and Drama in the United States, 1917--1941

400

(7)

Theatre in Canada to 1940

407

(1)

Theatre and Drama in Australia and New Zealand, 1915--1940

408

(1)

Theatrical Conditions in the Soviet Union, 1917--1940

409

(3)

Drama in the Soviet Union, 1917--1940

412

(1)

German Theatre and Drama, 1918-1939

413

(5)

Theatre and Drama in France, 1914--1939

418

(5)

Italian Theatre and Drama, 1914--1939

423

(1)

Theatre and Drama in Spain, 1914--1939

423

(1)

Theatre and Drama in Latin America

424

(5)

Looking at Theatre History

426

(3)

Continental European and Latin American Theatre in the Mid Twentieth Century

429

(20)

International Developments

429

(1)

French Theatre and Drama, 1940--1968

430

(6)

Soviet Theatre and Drama, 1940--1968

436

(2)

Theatre and Drama in Czechoslovakia, 1940--1968

438

(1)

German Theatre and Drama, 1940--1968

439

(4)

Theatre and Drama in Italy, 1940--1968

443

(1)

Theatre and Drama in Latin America, 1940--1968

444

(5)

Looking at Theatre History

447

(2)

English-Language Theatre in the Mid Twentieth Century

449

(19)

English Theatre and Drama, 1940--1968

449

(6)

Theatre and Drama in the United States, 1940--1968

455

(7)

Canadian Theatre to 1968

462

(3)

Australia and New Zealand Theatre to 1968

465

(3)

Looking at Theatre History

466

(2)

Theatre of Africa

468

(23)

Some Basic Issues and Problems

468

(2)

Nigeria

470

(4)

Ghana

474

(2)

Sierra Leone

476

(1)

Kenya

477

(1)

Uganda

478

(2)

Tanzania

480

(1)

Senegal

481

(1)

South Africa

482

(6)

North Africa

488

(3)

Looking at Theatre History

489

(2)

Continental European and Latin American Theatre in the Late Twentieth Century