1758 – Frederick II of Prussia defeats the Russian Army at the Battle of Zordorf

1814 – British troops destroy the U.S. Library of Congress during the War of 1812

1819 – Allan Pinkerton born in Scotland, head of the Union Intelligence Service during the U.S. Civil War; founder of American Pinkerton Detective Agency; his agency would later provide armed strike-breakers to the Robber Barons against union workers

1825 – Uruguay declared independent of the Empire of Brazil by the Treinta y Tres Orientales (Thirty-Three Orientals), militant revolutionaries led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja and Manuel Oribe, named for starting the April 1825 insurrection in Oriental Province, an historical territory now split by the border between Uruguay and Brazil

1828 – Jane Lathrop Stanford born, American educator and philanthropist, co-founder of Stanford University; she funded and operated the university after her husband’s death in order to keep it open

1835 – “The Great Moon Hoax” – The New York Sun runs a satirical series, “reprinted” from the long-defunct Edinburgh Journal of Science, claiming sightings through a telescope of life on the moon, including unicorns, two-legged beavers, bat-like humanoids, rushing rivers and lush vegetation. Most readers believe the stories are true, including some scientists from Yale University, who show up at the Sun wanting to see the “science journal”

1845 – Ludwig II born, German king of Bavaria (1864-1886), dubbed “mad king Ludwig” because of his extravagant spending on Neuschwanstein Castle and two lavish palaces; also a devoted patron of Richard Wagner

Ludwig II of Bavaria and Neuschwanstein Castle

1850 – Edgar Wilson Nye born, American humorist under pen name Bill Nye; wrote for the Laramie Boomerang and the New York World

1860 – Henrietta Vinton Davis born, black American elocutionist, dramatic reader-actor, and first international organizer for Marcus Garvey’s African Redemption Movement; a signer of the Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World; officer in the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL) and later the rival UNIA, Inc.

1875 – Captain Matthew Webb becomes the first person to swim across the English Channel, traveling from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in 22 hours

Kitasato Shibasaburō in 1894

1900 – Isobel Hogg Kerr Beattie born, Scottish architect, likely the first professional woman architect in Scotland; after graduating from the Edinburgh College of Art in 1926, she briefly worked in an office, then set up independently (1928-1929) before returning to the College of Art to get an advanced degree. She then worked for the Edinburgh firm Jamieson & Arnott, and was admitted as an Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1931

1902 – Stefan Wolpe born in Germany, composer; a Jew and a communist, he fled the Nazis in 1933; by 1938, he had landed in New York City

Arizona Landscape, by Dorothea Tanning – 1943

1914 – The German Army deliberately destroys the Catholic University of Leuven library. Hundreds of thousands of irreplaceable books and Gothic and Renaissance manuscripts are lost

The rebuilt University of Leuven library

1916 – Park Service Founders Day *- President Wilson signs into law the Organic Act of 1916, creating the National Park Service as part of the Department of the Interior

1918 – Leonard Bernstein born, internationally renowned American composer-conductor; music director of the NY Philharmonic; pioneer in using television to educate the public about orchestral music; liberal political activist; noted for the scores for West Side Story and Candide

1921 –The U.S. and Germany sign a peace treaty

1925 – Thea Astley born, Australian novelist and short story writer, sometimes used pen name Philip Cressy (she sold her first poem under that name because men were paid ₤5, but women were only paid ₤3); Astley won Australia’s major literary prize, the Miles Franklin Award four times, more than any other Australian writer, at a time when the Australian literary scene was heavily dominated by men; noted for The Well Dressed Explorer, The Slow Natives, The Acolyte, The Kindness Cup and Drylands

1934 – Lise Bacon born, French Canadian Liberal politician; Member of the National Assembly of Quebec (1973-1976 and 1981-1994); Secretary of State for Social Affairs ( 1973-1975); Minister of Consumers, Co-operatives and Financial Institutions (1975-1976); Minister of the Environment (1988-1989); Senator (1994-2009)

1937 – Virginia Euwer Wolff born, American children’s author; noted for her award-winning series Make Lemonade

1944 – Paris is liberated from the Nazis after four years of occupation

Alger Hiss, left, and Whittaker Chambers testifying

1950 – President Harry Truman orders U.S. Army to seize control of the nation’s railroads to avert a strike

1962 – Taslima Nasrin born, Bangladeshi author, poet and physician who has been in exile since 1994. Her first writings were mainly poetry, often about female oppression and written in graphic language. In the early 1990s, she published three collections of essays and three novels. In 1993, her novel Lajja (Shame), about a Hindu family attacked by Muslims, radically changed her life. Muslims, outraged by her negative portrayal of Islamic philosophy, called for a ban of the novel, and she was physically attacked. The Council of Islamic Soldiers, a radical fundamentalist group, offered a bounty for her death. In 1994, she was misquoted in a newspaper interview, and was charged with “making inflammatory statements.” Thousands of demonstrators labeled her “an apostate” who vilified Islam. After two months in hiding, she escaped to Sweden, ceasing her medical practice to become a full-time writer, and activist for women’s rights and freedom of expression. When her Bangladeshi passport was revoked, she was granted citizenship by Sweden, and spent time in Western Europe and America. She has also lived at times in India, but her books continue to be feminist, frank about her sexuality, and critical of Islamic subjugation of women, so the protests, banning of her books, and fatwas calling for her death have continued. She has been honored with numerous awards, from a 1994 Human Rights Award from the French government, to 1994 Kurt Tucholsky Prize from Swedish PEN and 1994 Feminist of the Year from Feminist Majority Foundation, and 2002 Freethought Heroine Award from Freedom from Religion Foundation

1963 – Tiina Intelmann born, Estonian diplomat; current head of the EU Delegation in Liberia since 2014; President of the Assembly of States Parties of the International Criminal Court (2011-2014); Estonia’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations (2005-2011)

1968 – Arthur Ashe is the first African American to win the U.S. Singles championship

1975 – Bruce Springsteen’s Born to Run album released

1986 – Paul Simon’s Graceland is released

1997 – The tobacco industry agrees to an $11.3 billion settlement with Florida

1990 – World Daffodil Day * – Cancer Society of New Zealand starts Daffodil Day fundraiser for cancer research, treatment and support services. Daffodil is symbol of hope. Other Cancer Societies start their own Daffodil Day programs, so it’s now a world day

2015 – Ferguson Missouri Municipal Court Judge Donald McCullin ordered withdrawal of all local arrest warrants issued before December 31, responding to severe criticism of the court and local police in a Justice Department report issued after its investigation of the fatal shooting of black teenager Michael Brown by a white officer in 2014

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About wordcloud9

Nona Blyth Cloud has lived and worked in the Los Angeles area for the past 45 years, spending much of that time commuting on the 405 Freeway. After Hollywood failed to appreciate her genius for acting and directing, she began a second career managing non-profits, from which she has retired.
Nona has now resumed writing whatever comes into her head, instead of reports and pleas for funding. She lives in a small house overrun by books with her wonderful husband and a bewildered Border Collie.

4 Responses to ON THIS DAY: August 25, 2018

I really like the image of Neuschwanstein Castle. It is an image that has been manipulated by many ‘Photoshoppers’ in a way that removes everything except the castle, then the castle is added to other background images. It is a very convincing image when properly done, as the castle is often placed on a spire of rock in a bay, an island, or on a similar improbable location that would be almost inaccessible to any but a mountaineer.