Identification Disc brown to olive, with no spots or markings. Pectoral fins ("wings") long and pointed. Snout projecting, squarish, with an indentation at center (almost bi-lobed). Two small cephalic fins (rostra) protruding from front of head. Mouth small, sub-terminal. Tail whip-like with spine at base just posterior to a small dorsal fin.

Habitat A pelagic species found in bays, estuaries, river mouths, and open ocean.

Human Factors Forms large schools containing 100s or 1,000s of individuals. Migrates seasonally in the Gulf of Mexico and along the U.S. Atlantic coast. Present in some estuaries year-round. Non-aggressive species of little danger to humans with the exception of their defensive venomous barb located near the base of the tail. Avoid handling or exercise extreme caution.

Pursuant to section 120.74, Florida Statutes, the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission has published its 2016 Agency Regulatory Plan.

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