Sample records for ion nano titanate from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Reducing Ion Exchange Particles to Nano-Size Shows Big Potential Reducing Ion Exchange Particles to Nano-Size Shows Big Potential AIKEN, S.C. (January 30, 2012) - Sometimes bigger isn't better. Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River National Laboratory have successfully shown that they can replace useful little particles of monosodium titanate (MST) with even tinier nano-sized particles, making them even more useful for a variety of applications. MST is an ion exchange material used to decontaminate radioactive and industrial wastewater solutions, and has been shown to be an effective way to deliver metals into living cells for some types of medical treatment. Typically, MST, and a modified form known as mMST developed by SRNL and Sandia National Laboratories, are in the form of fine powders, spherically-shaped particles about 1 to 10 microns in diameter

A method for removing metal ions from solution comprises the steps of providing titanate particles by spray-drying a solution or slurry comprising sorbent titanates having a particle size up to 20 micrometers, optionally in the presence of polymer free of cellulose functionality as binder, said sorbent being active towards heavy metals from Periodic Table (CAS version) Groups IA, IIA, IB, IIB, IIIB, and VIII, to provide monodisperse, substantially spherical particles in a yield of at least 70 percent of theoretical yield and having a particle size distribution in the range of 1 to 500 micrometers. The particles can be used free flowing in columns or beds, or entrapped in a nonwoven, fibrous web or matrix or a cast porous membrane, to selectively remove metal ions from aqueous or organic liquid.

V and 2.9 keV. Both species had a thermal speed of 200 km/s. The flow speed of the am- bient plasma with TitanÃ?s atmosphere and ionosphere rather than a strong intrinsic magnetic field. This observed plasmaAmbient ion distributions in SaturnÃ?s magnetosphere near Titan during a non-Voyager type

In practical applications to bipolar resistance switching (BRS) memory devices with enhanced performance and high-scalability, oxide materials are commonly fabricated to highly nonstoichiometric and nanometer scale films. In this study, we fabricated ultrathin strontium titanate film, which shows two types of BRS behavior. By using micro-beam X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, the changes of core-level spectra depending on the resistance states are spatially resolved. Experimental and calculated results demonstrated that the fundamental switching mechanism in the two types of BRS is originated from the migration of anion and cation vacancies and the formation of insulating vacancy clusters near vicinity of the interface.

We have successfully incorporated high surface area particles of titanateion exchange materials (monosodium titanate and crystalline silicotitanate) with acceptable particle size distribution into porous and inert support membrane fibrils consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon{reg_sign}), polyethylene and cellulose materials. The resulting membrane sheets, under laboratory conditions, were used to evaluate the removal of surrogate radioactive materials for cesium-137 and strontium-90 from high caustic nuclear waste simulants. These membrane supports met the nominal requirement for nonchemical interaction with the embedded ion exchange materials and were porous enough to allow sufficient liquid flow. Some of this 47-mm size stamped out prototype titanium impregnated ion exchange membrane discs was found to remove more than 96% of dissolved cesium-133 and strontium-88 from a caustic nuclear waste salt simulants. Since in traditional ion exchange based column technology monosodium titanate (MST) is known to have great affinity for the sorbing of other actinides like plutonium, neptunium and even uranium, we expect that the MST-based membranes developed here, although not directly evaluated for uptake of these three actinides because of costs associated with working with actinides which do not have 'true' experimental surrogates, would also show significant affinity for these actinides in aqueous media. It was also observed that crystalline silicotitanate impregnated polytetrafluoroethylene or polyethylene membranes became less selective and sorbed both cesium and strontium from the caustic aqueous salt simulants.

In the paper, the material science experiments, carried out recently using the Bio-Nano electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) at Toyo University, are reported. We have investigated several methods to synthesize endohedral C{sub 60} using ion-ion and ion-molecule collision reaction in the ECRIS. Because of the simplicity of the configuration, we can install a large choice of additional equipment in the ECRIS. The Bio-Nano ECRIS is suitable not only to test the materials production but also to test technical developments to improve or understand the performance of an ECRIS.

In the paper, the material science experiments, carried out recently using the Bio-Nano electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) at Toyo University, are reported. We have investigated several methods to synthesize endohedral C60 using ion-ion and ion-molecule collision reaction in the ECRIS. Because of the simplicity of the configuration, we can install a large choice of additional equipment in the ECRIS. The Bio-Nano ECRIS is suitable not only to test the materials production but also to test technical developments to improve or understand the performance of an ECRIS.

Experimental results for the selective removal of strontium and cesium from simulated waste solutions with monosodium titanate and crystalline silicotitanate laden filter cartridges are presented. In these proof-of-principle tests, effective uptake of both strontium-85 and cesium-137 were observed using ion-exchangers in this filter cartridge configuration. At low salt simulant conditions, the instantaneous decontamination factor for strontium-85 with monosodium titanate impregnated filter membrane cartridges measured 26, representing 96% strontium-85 removal efficiency. On the other hand, the strontium-85 instantaneous decontamination factor with co-sintered active monosodium titanate cartridges measured 40 or 98% Sr-85 removal efficiency. Strontium-85 removal with the monosodium titanate impregnated membrane cartridges and crystalline silicotitanate impregnated membrane cartridges, placed in series arrangement, produced an instantaneous decontamination factor of 41 compared to an instantaneous decontamination factor of 368 for strontium-85 with co-sintered active monosodium titanate cartridges and co-sintered active crystalline silicotitanate cartridges placed in series. Overall, polyethylene co-sintered active titanates cartridges performed as well as titanate impregnated filter membrane cartridges in the uptake of strontium. At low ionic strength conditions, there was a significant uptake of cesium-137 with co-sintered crystalline silicotitanate cartridges. Tests results with crystalline silicotitanate impregnated membrane cartridges for cesium-137 decontamination are currently being re-evaluated. Based on these preliminary findings we conclude that incorporating monosodium titanate and crystalline silicotitanate sorbents into membranes represent a promising method for the semicontinuous removal of radioisotopes of strontium and cesium from nuclear waste solutions.

The Small Column Ion Exchange (SCIX) process is being developed to remove cesium, strontium, and select actinides from Savannah River Site (SRS) Liquid Waste using an existing waste tank (i.e., Tank 41H) to house the process. Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) is conducting pilot-scale mixing tests to determine the pump requirements for suspending monosodium titanate (MST), crystalline silicotitanate (CST), and simulated sludge. The purpose of this pilot scale testing is to determine the requirements for the pumps to suspend the MST particles so that they can contact the strontium and actinides in the liquid and be removed from the tank. The pilot-scale tank is a 1/10.85 linear scaled model of SRS Tank 41H. The tank diameter, tank liquid level, pump nozzle diameter, pump elevation, and cooling coil diameter are all 1/10.85 of their dimensions in Tank 41H. The pump locations correspond to the proposed locations in Tank 41H by the SCIX program (Risers B5 and B2 for two pump configurations and Risers B5, B3, and B1 for three pump configurations). The conclusions from this work follow: (i) Neither two standard slurry pumps nor two quad volute slurry pumps will provide sufficient power to initially suspend MST in an SRS waste tank. (ii) Two Submersible Mixer Pumps (SMPs) will provide sufficient power to initially suspend MST in an SRS waste tank. However, the testing shows the required pump discharge velocity is close to the maximum discharge velocity of the pump (within 12%). (iii) Three SMPs will provide sufficient power to initially suspend MST in an SRS waste tank. The testing shows the required pump discharge velocity is 66% of the maximum discharge velocity of the pump. (iv) Three SMPs are needed to resuspend MST that has settled in a waste tank at nominal 45 C for four weeks. The testing shows the required pump discharge velocity is 77% of the maximum discharge velocity of the pump. Two SMPs are not sufficient to resuspend MST that settled under these conditions.

Lithium titanate is synthesized from titanium isopropoxide and lithium acetate solution under hydrothermal environment and calcinations. Introducing acidized carbon black during synthesis can produce mesoporous Li4Ti5O12. The crystalline structure and morphological observation of the as-synthesized mesoporous Li4Ti5O12 are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The mesoporous structure can be directly observed through BEI images of the cross-section sample. Besides, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm also displays a hysteresis loop, implying the beneficial evidence of mesoporous structure. The pore size distribution of mesoporous lithium titanate evaluated by BJH model is narrow, and the average size of voids is around 4 nm. It is demonstrated that the electrochemical performance is significantly improved by the mesoporous structure. The mesoporous lithium titanate exhibits a stable capacity of 140 mAhg?1 at 0.5 C. Besides, the reversible capacity at 30 C remains over half of that at 0.5 C. The superior C-rate performance is associated with the mesoporous structure, facilitating lithium transportation ability during cycling.

We report a comparative study of nano-pattern formations on a carbon film and a smooth Si(100) surface following inert and chemically active ion bombardment. For the case of carbon film, patterns could be formed both by inert (Ar{sup +}) and self (C{sup +}) ion bombardment with the former producing ripples at relatively lower fluence. In contrast, bombardment by inert Ar{sup +} failed to form the nano patterns on Si surface, while bombardment by the same energy C{sup +} generated the ripples. Thus, impurity induced chemical effect seems to be crucial rather than the Bradley-Harper or Carter-Vishnyakov effects for destabilizing the surface for ripple formation.

In the present paper, the deposition processes and formation of films in SF{sub 6} ion-ion plasma, with positive and negative ion flows accelerated to the surface, are investigated. The PEGASES (acronym for Plasma Propulsion with Electronegative GASES) source is used as an ion-ion plasma source capable of generating almost ideal ion-ion plasma with negative ion to electron density ratio more than 2500. It is shown that film deposition in SF{sub 6} ion-ion plasma is very sensitive to the polarity of the incoming ions. The effect is observed for Cu, W, and Pt materials. The films formed on Cu electrodes during negative and positive ion assisted deposition were analyzed. Scanning electron microscope analysis has shown that both positive and negative ion fluxes influence the copper surface and leads to film formation, but with different structures of the surface: the low-energy positive ion bombardment causes the formation of a nano-pored film transparent for ions, while the negative ion bombardment leads to a continuous smooth insulating film. The transversal size of the pores in the porous film varies in the range 50–500 nm, and further analysis of the film has shown that the film forms a diode together with the substrate preventing positive charge drain, and positive ions are neutralized by passing through the nano-pores. The film obtained with the negative ion bombardment has an insulating surface, but probably with a multi-layer structure: destroying the top surface layer allows to measure similar “diode” IV-characteristics as for the nano-pored film case. Basing on results, practical conclusions for the probes and electrodes cleaning in ion-ion SF{sub 6} plasmas have been made. Different applications are proposed for the discovered features of the controlled deposition from ion-ion plasmas, from Li-sulphur rechargeable batteries manufacturing and nanofluidics issues to the applications for microelectronics, including low-k materials formation.

over this entire range of pH. This unique characteristic makes the TAMS material desirable. Two other available organic ion exchangers (carboxylic acid based resin and resorcinol formaldehyde resin) show some capability for cesium removal; however... et al. (1947) used this method successfully to predict their data with the phenol-formaldehyde resinous exchanger, Amberlite IR-1. Similarly, Nachod and Wood (1944) and Turse and Rieman (1961) found their data fitted quite well on both zeolites...

Tetragonally structured BaTiO3 single crystals were irradiated using 635 MeV 238U+ ions to fluences of 1E7, 5E10 and 1.4E12 ions/cm2 at room temperature. Subsequent sample characterizations were performed using ion channeling, x-ray diffraction (XRD), helium ion microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that there are lattice relaxation and recovery of pre-existing defects in the irradiated samples. Various structures representing different regimes of electronic and nuclear interactions along the ion track are observed. The track on the surface has an amorphous core of up to ~10 nm in diameter, surrounded by a strained lattice structure. The core size is roughly proportional to the square root of the electronic stopping power. Satellite-like defects around the core are also present. The ring of cubic phase expected to form around the amorphous core does not appear, probably due to a reversible phase transition as confirmed by an in-situ XRD study. Modeling and simulation are also attempted to interpret the data and gain physical insights. We have developed a partial charge model for cubic BaTiO3 that reproduces its lattice constants, elastic constants, and melting temperature. Using the interatomic potential, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of the irradiation damage in BaTiO3. The results show that an amorphous track of ~1.2 nm in radius forms under thermal energy deposition at dE(T)/dx = 5 keV/nm. At 20 keV/nm, the radius increases to ~4.5 nm with an order of magnitude increase in the number of defects. The simulation also reveals details of the bonding environments and shows that the amorphous zones produced at different dE(T)/dx values have different densities. The combined experimental and computational data suggest that there is a significant interfacial recrystallization of the as-created amorphous cores during the cooling-down stage of thermal spikes.

Sample records for ion nano titanate from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "ion nano titanate" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
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This report describes experimental results for the selective removal of strontium and cesium from simulated waste solutions using monosodium titanate (MST) and crystalline silicotitanate (CST)-laden filter cartridges. Four types of ion exchange cartridge media (CST and MST designed by both 3M and POROX{reg_sign}) were evaluated. In these proof-of-principle tests effective uptake of both Sr-85 and Cs-137 was observed. However, the experiments were not performed long enough to determine the saturation levels or breakthrough curve for each filter cartridge. POREX{reg_sign} MST cartridges, which by design were based on co-sintering of the active titanates with polyethylene particles, seem to perform as well as the 3M-designed MST cartridges (impregnated filter membrane design) in the uptake of strontium. At low salt simulant conditions (0.29 M Na{sup +}), the instantaneous decontamination factor (D{sub F}) for Sr-85 with the 3M-design MST cartridge measured 26, representing the removal of 96% of the Sr-85. On the other hand, the Sr-85 instantaneous D{sub F} with the POREX{reg_sign} design MST cartridge measured 40 or 98% removal of the Sr-85. Strontium removal with the 3M-design MST and CST cartridges placed in series filter arrangement produced an instantaneous decontamination factor of 41 or 97.6% removal compared to an instantaneous decontamination factor of 368 or 99.7% removal of the strontium with the POREX{reg_sign} MST and CST cartridge design placed in series. At high salt simulant conditions (5.6 M Na{sup +}), strontium removal with 3M-designed MST cartridge only and with 3M-designed MST and CST cartridges operated in a series configuration were identical. The instantaneous decontamination factor and the strontium removal efficiency, under the above configuration, averaged 8.6 and 88%, respectively. There were no POREX{reg_sign} cartridge experiments using the higher ionic strength simulant solution. At low salt simulant conditions, the uptake of Cs-137 with POREX{reg_sign} CST cartridge out performed the 3M-designed CST cartridges. The POREX{reg_sign} CST cartridge, with a Cs-137 instantaneous decontamination factor of 55 and a Cs-137 removal efficiency of 98% does meet the Cs-137 decontamination goals in the low salt simulant liquor. The Cs-137 removal with 3M-designed CST cartridge produced a decontamination factor of 2 or 49% removal efficiency. The Cs-137 performance graph for the 3M-designed CST cartridge showed an early cessation in the uptake of cesium-137. This behavior was not observed with the POREX{reg_sign} CST cartridges. No Cs-137 uptake tests were performed with the POREX{reg_sign} CST cartridges at high salt simulant conditions. The 3M-designed CST cartridges, with an instantaneous Cs-137 decontamination factor of less than 3 and a Cs-137 removal efficiency of less than 50% failed to meet the Cs-137 decontamination goals in both the low and high salt simulant liquors. This poor performance in the uptake of Cs-137 by the 3M CST cartridges may be attributed to fabrication flaws for the 3M-designed CST cartridges. The reduced number of CST membrane wraps per cartridge during the cartridge design phase, from 3-whole wraps to about 1.5, may have contributed to Cs-137 laden simulant channeling/by-pass which led to the poor performance in terms of Cs-137 sorption characteristics for the 3M designed CST cartridges. The grinding of CST ion exchange materials, to reduce the particle size distribution and thus enhance their easy incorporation into the filter membranes and the co-sintering of MST with polyethylene particles, did not adversely affect the sorption kinetics of both CST and MST in the uptake of Cs-137 and Sr-85, respectively. In general, the POREX{reg_sign} based cartridges showed more resistance to simulant flow through the filter cartridges as evidenced by higher pressure differences across the cartridges. Based on these findings they conclude that incorporating MST and CST sorbents into filter membranes represent a promising method for the semi-continuous removal of radioisotopes of strontium a

Experimental results for the selective removal of strontium and cesium from simulated waste solutions with monosodium titanate (MST) and crystalline silicotitanate (CST) laden filter cartridges are presented. In these proof-of-principle tests, effective uptake of both Sr-85 and Cs-137 were observed using ion-exchangers in this filter cartridge configuration. At low salt simulant conditions, the instantaneous decontamination factor (D{sub F}) for Sr-85 with MST impregnated filter membrane cartridges measured 26, representing 96% Sr-85 removal efficiency. On the other hand, the Sr-85 instantaneous D{sub F} with co-sintered active MST cartridges measured 40 or 98% Sr-85 removal efficiency. Strontium-85 removal with the MST impregnated membrane cartridges and CST impregnated membrane cartridges, placed in series arrangement, produced an instantaneous decontamination factor of 41 compared to an instantaneous decontamination factor of 368 for strontium-85 with co-sintered active MST cartridges and co-sintered active CST cartridges placed in series. Overall, polyethylene co-sintered active titanates cartridges performed as well as titanate impregnated filter membrane cartridges in the uptake of strontium. At low ionic strength conditions, there was a significant uptake of Cs-137 with co-sintered CST cartridges. Tests results with CST impregnated membrane cartridges for Cs-137 decontamination are currently being re-evaluated. Based on these preliminary findings we conclude that incorporating MST and CST sorbents into membranes represent a promising method for the semi-continuous removal of radioisotopes of strontium and cesium from nuclear waste solutions.

Sodium titanates are ion-exchange materials that effectively bind a variety of metal ions over a wide pH range. Sodium titanates alone have no known adverse biological effects but metal-exchanged titanates (or metal titanates) can deliver metal ions to mammalian cells to alter cell processes in vitro. In this work, we test a hypothesis that metal-titanate compounds inhibit bacterial growth; demonstration of this principle is one prerequisite to developing metal-based, titanate-delivered antibacterial agents. Focusing initially on oral diseases, we exposed five species of oral bacteria to titanates for 24 h, with or without loading of Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(II), and Pt(IV), and measuring bacterial growth in planktonic assays through increases in optical density. In each experiment, bacterial growth was compared with control cultures of titanates or bacteria alone. We observed no suppression of bacterial growth by the sodium titanates alone, but significant (p < 0.05, two-sided t-tests) suppression was observed with metal-titanate compounds, particularly Au(III)-titanates, but with other metal titanates as well. Growth inhibition ranged from 15 to 100% depending on the metal ion and bacterial species involved. Furthermore, in specific cases, the titanates inhibited bacterial growth 5- to 375-fold versus metal ions alone, suggesting that titanates enhanced metal-bacteria interactions. This work supports further development of metal titanates as a novel class of antibacterials.

Abstract The lithium storage performance of silicon (Si) is improved substantially by forming composite of nano-Si particles embedded homogeneously in graphene nanosheets (GNs) using a simple discharge plasma assisted milling (P-milling) method. The synergistic effect of the rapid heating of the plasma and the mechanical ball mill grinding with nano-Si as nanomiller converted the graphite powder to \\{GNs\\} with the integration of nano-Si particles in the in-situ formed GNs. This composite structure inhibits the agglomeration of nano-Si and improves electronic conductivity. The cycling stability and rate capability are enhanced, with a stable reversible capacity of 976 mAhg?1 at 50 mAg?1 for the P-milled 20 h nano-Si/GNs composite. A full cell containing a commercial LiMn2O4 cathode is assembled and demonstrated a satisfying utilization of the P-milled nano-Si/GNs composite anode with stable working potential. This composite shows promise for application in lithium ion batteries.

One of the most effective methods to improve power density is by the use of very fine cathode particles. We investigated a new excess-lithium method of preparing nano-sized LiCoO2 powders. To begin with, lithium ...

To support the design of an ITER ion-cyclotron range of frequency heating (ICRH) system and to mitigate risks of operation in ITER, CEA has initiated an ambitious Research & Development program accompanied by experiments on Tore Supra or test-bed facility together with a significant modelling effort. The paper summarizes the recent results in the following areas: Comprehensive characterization (experiments and modelling) of a new Faraday screen concept tested on the Tore Supra antenna. A new model is developed for calculating the ICRH sheath rectification at the antenna vicinity. The model is applied to calculate the local heat flux on Tore Supra and ITER ICRH antennas. Full-wave modelling of ITER ICRH heating and current drive scenarios with the EVE code. With 20 MW of power, a current of 400 kA could be driven on axis in the DT scenario. Comparison between DT and DT(3He) scenario is given for heating and current drive efficiencies. First operation of CW test-bed facility, TITAN, designed for ITER ICRH components testing and could host up to a quarter of an ITER antenna. R&D of high permittivity materials to improve load of test facilities to better simulate ITER plasma antenna loading conditions.

Abstract We facilely fabricate hierarchical 3D microspheres consisting of 2D V2O5 (vanadium pentoxide) nanosheets by a low temperature hydrothermal method and use it to structure hierarchical 3D micro-/nano-LIBs (lithium ion batteries) cathode. This is a template-free and facile method easy for scale-up production of hierarchical 3D micro-/nano-structured V2O5 spheres beneficial for high performance \\{LIBs\\} applications. Such a facile method resulted hierarchical 3D micro-/nano-V2O5 possess many unique features good for LIBs: (1) 2D V2O5 nanosheets facilitate the Li+ diffusions and electron transports; (2) hierarchical 3D micro-/nano-cathode structure built up by V2O5 nanosheet spheres will lead to the close and sufficient contact between electrolytes and activate materials and at the same time will create buffer volume to accommodate the volume change during discharging/charging process; and (3) micro-scale V2O5 spheres are easy to result in high cell packing density beneficial for high power battery. As revealed by the experimental results, the micro-/nano-V2O5 electrode demonstrates high initial discharge and charge capacities with no irreversible loss, high rate capacities at different currents and long-lasting lifespan. The high-energy and high-power performances of the micro-/nano-V2O5 electrode is ascribed to the unique hierarchical micro-/nano-structure merits of V2O5 spheres as abovementioned. In view of the advantages of facile fabrication method and unique features of 3D micro-/nano-V2O5 spheres for high power and high energy LIB battery, it is of great significance to beneficially broaden the applications of high-energy and high-power \\{LIBs\\} with creating novel hierarchical micro-/nano-structured V2O5 cathode materials.

We have fabricated and measured single domain wall magnetoresistance devices with sub-20 nm gap widths using a novel combination of electron beam lithography and helium ion beam milling. The measurement wires and external profile of the spin valve are fabricated by electron beam lithography and lift-off. The critical bridge structure is created using helium ion beam milling, enabling the formation of a thinner gap (and so a narrower domain wall) than that which is possible with electron beam techniques alone. Four-point probe resistance measurements and scanning electron microscopy are used to characterize the milled structures and optimize the He ion dose. Successful operation of the device as a spin valve is demonstrated, with a 0.2% resistance change as the external magnetic field is cycled. The helium ion beam milling efficiency as extracted from electrical resistance measurements is 0.044 atoms/ion, about half the theoretical value. The gap in the device is limited to a maximum of 20 nm with this technique due to sub-surface swelling caused by injected ions which can induce catastrophic failure in the device. The fine patterning capabilities of the helium ion microscope milling technique indicate that sub-5 nm constriction widths could be possible.

To simulate neutron and helium damage in a fusion reactor first wall sequential self-ion implantation up to 13 dpa followed by helium-ion implantation up to 3000 appm was performed to produce damaged layers of {approx}2 {mu}m depth in pure tungsten. The hardness of these layers was measured using nanoindentation and was studied using transmission electron microscopy. Substantial hardness increases were seen in helium implanted regions, with smaller hardness increases in regions which had already been self-ion implanted, thus, containing pre-existing dislocation loops. This suggests that, for the same helium content, helium trapped in distributed vacancies gives stronger hardening than helium trapped in vacancies condensed into dislocation loops.

The effect of different dispersants and water leaching on aqueous dispersibility of zirconia powder was studied. Zeta potentials of aqueous solutions containing nano-sized zirconia powder and different dispersants, such as ammonium polyacrylic acid (PAA-NH4) and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and water leaching were characterized. Better dispersion of nano-sized zirconia powder in aqueous solutions was achieved with the addition of dispersant and water leaching.

We present the first observations of propane (C$_3$H$_8$) on Titan that unambiguously resolve propane features from other numerous stratospheric emissions. This is accomplished using a $R=\\lambda/\\delta\\lambda\\approx10^5$ spectrometer (TEXES) to observe propane's $\

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A series of new crystalline titanates (CT) are shown to have considerable potential as catalyst supports. For Pd supported catalyst, the catalytic activity for pyrene hydrogenation was substantially different depending on the type of CT, and one was substantially more active than Pd on hydrous titanium oxide (HTO). For 1-hexene hydrogenation the activities of the new CTs were approximately the same as for the hydrous metal oxide supports.

Enhanced dielectric properties from barium strontium titanate films with strontium titanate buffer in their PE state. One of the leading material candidates for tunable materials is barium strontium titanate

In this paper, we analyze the strong unidentified emission near 3.28 {mu}m in Titan's upper daytime atmosphere recently discovered by Dinelli et al. We have studied it by using the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), after absorbing UV solar radiation, are able to emit strongly near 3.3 {mu}m. By using current models for the redistribution of the absorbed UV energy, we have explained the observed spectral feature and have derived the vertical distribution of PAH abundances in Titan's upper atmosphere. PAHs have been found to be present in large concentrations, about (2-3) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 4} particles cm{sup -3}. The identified PAHs have 9-96 carbons, with a concentration-weighted average of 34 carbons. The mean mass is {approx}430 u; the mean area is about 0.53 nm{sup 2}; they are formed by 10-11 rings on average, and about one-third of them contain nitrogen atoms. Recently, benzene together with light aromatic species as well as small concentrations of heavy positive and negative ions have been detected in Titan's upper atmosphere. We suggest that the large concentrations of PAHs found here are the neutral counterpart of those positive and negative ions, which hence supports the theory that the origin of Titan main haze layer is located in the upper atmosphere.

.5 Schematic of the ionosphere of Titan with the magnetosphere of Saturn originally presented by Waite et al. [2004]. The diagram shows how the Saturnian magnetic field lines are bent around Titan due to the interaction with the ionosphere of Titan... radial field line was too low by several hundred K because heat from the upper atmosphere is readily conducted to lower altitudes where the cooling rate is large. No comparisons or temperatures were provided below 1200 km. The post-Cassini global MHD...

A solution-based process was investigated for synthesizing cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), which is known to exhibit the unprecedented combination of fast ionic conductivity, and stability in air and against Li. Sol–gel chemistry was developed to prepare solid metal–oxide networks consisting of 10 nm cross-links that formed the cubic LLZO phase at 600?° C. Sol–gel LLZO powders were sintered into 96% dense pellets using an induction hot press that applied pressure while heating. After sintering, the average LLZO grain size was 260 nm, which is 13 times smaller compared to LLZO prepared using a solid-state technique. The total ionic conductivity was 0.4 mS cm?1 at 298 K, which is the same as solid-state synthesized LLZO. Interestingly, despite the same room temperature conductivity, the sol–gel LLZO total activation energy is 0.41 eV, which 1.6 times higher than that observed in solid-state LLZO (0.26 eV). We believe the nano-scale grain boundaries give rise to unique transport phenomena that are more sensitive to temperature when compared to the conventional solid-state LLZO.

Barium Modified Strontium Bismuth Titanate(SBT) ceramic with general formula Sr1?xBaxBi4Ti4O15 is prepared by solid state reaction route. The structural analysis of the ceramics was done by X-ray diffraction technique. The X-ray patterns show that all the compositions are of single phase with orthorhombic structure. The temperature dependent dielectric behavior shows that the transition temperature decreases with Ba content but the maximum dielectric constant increases. The decreases of the transition with increase in Ba{sup 2+} ion, may be due to the decrease of orthorhombicity by the incorporation of Ba{sup 2+} ion in SBT lattice.

The TITAN facility at TRIUMF has recently initiated a program of performing decay spectroscopy measurements in an electron-beam ion-trap (EBIT). The unique environment of the EBIT provides backing-free storage of the radioactive ions, while guiding charged decay particles from the trap centre via the strong magnetic field. This measurement technique is able to provide a significant increase in detection sensitivity for photons which result from radioactive decay. A brief overview of this device is presented, along with methods of improving the signal-to-background ratio for photon detection by reducing Compton scattered events, and eliminating vibrational noise.

The TITAN facility at TRIUMF has recently initiated a program of performing decay spectroscopy measurements in an electron-beam ion-trap (EBIT). The unique environment of the EBIT provides backing-free storage of the radioactive ions, while guiding charged decay particles from the trap centre via the strong magnetic field. This measurement technique is able to provide a significant increase in detection sensitivity for photons which result from radioactive decay. A brief overview of this device is presented, along with methods of improving the signal-to-background ratio for photon detection by reducing Compton scattered events, and eliminating vibrational noise.

......seasonal modulations of solar insolation as a function...subsurface ocean, to the organic-rich surface environment...study of the likely organic chemical processes...demonstrated the production of tholins (complex...recognized that the organic chemistry in Titan's...using a diamond anvil cell. This extends the......

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A new ion-focusing electrode based on SU-8 polymer is developed in a nano-electrospray ionization (nano-ESI) system to improve the ion transmission efficiency from a spray emitter tip into the counter electrode at atmospheric pressure. The novel SU-8 ... Keywords: Ion-focusing electrode, MEMS, Nano-electrospray ionization (nano-ESI), Peel off, SU-8 polymer, UV photolithography

A novel Self-catalytic Reverse Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (RATRP) approach that can provide the radical initiator and the catalyst by the system itself is used to synthesize a nano-sized Li-Fe composite oxide powder in large scale. Its crystalline structure and morphology have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal that the composite is composed of nano-sized LiFeO{sub 2} and Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}. Its electrochemical properties are evaluated by charge/discharge measurements. The results show that the Li-Fe composite oxide is an excellent anode material for lithium-ion batteries with good cycling performance (1249 mAh g{sup -1} at 100th cycle) and outstanding rate capability (967 mAh g{sup -1} at 5 C). Such a self-catalytic RATRP approach provides a way to synthesize nano-sized iron oxide-based anode materials industrially with preferable electrochemical performance and can also be applied in other polymer-related area.

Properties of strontium titanate SrTiO{sub 3} (STO) depend to a great extent on the substitutional dopants and defects of crystal structure. The ion beam implantation method was used for doping STO (001) crystals with Fe at different doses. Implanted samples were then annealed at 350°C in oxygen to induce recrystallization and remove oxygen vacancies produced during ion implantation process. The effect of Fe doping and post-implantation annealing was studied by X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) method and Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID). XANES allowed to monitor the change in structure of STO crystals and in the local environment of Fe following the implantation and annealing steps. SQUID measurements revealed correlation between magnetic moment and Fe implantation dose. Ferromagnetic hysteresis was observed on selected Fe-implanted STO at 5 K. The observed magnetic properties can be correlated with the several Fe oxide phases in addition to the presence of O/Ti vacancies.

This article presents an upgraded in-trap decay spectroscopy apparatus which has been developed and constructed for use with TRIUMF's Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science (TITAN). This device consists of an open-access electron-beam ion-trap (EBIT), which is surrounded radially by seven low-energy planar Si(Li) detectors. The environment of the EBIT allows for the detection of low-energy photons by providing backing-free storage of the radioactive ions, while guiding charged decay particles away from the trap centre via the strong (up to 6 T) magnetic field. In addition to excellent ion confinement and storage, the EBIT also provides a venue for performing decay spectroscopy on highly-charged radioactive ions. Recent technical advancements have been able to provide a significant increase in sensitivity for low-energy photon detection, towards the goal of measuring weak electron-capture branching ratios of the intermediate nuclei in the two-neutrino double beta ($2\

Although Titan’s surface shows clear evidence of erosional modification, such as fluvial incision, evidence for tectonism has been less apparent. On Earth, fluvial networks with strongly preferred orientations are often ...

Depositing an ultra-thin tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) protective coating on the surface of the recording heads in magnetic tape drives can improve the tribological problems at the head/tape interface. In this work the effect of pre-treatment of the surface of AlTiC substrate (main bearing surface of head in contact with tape) by C+ ions of moderate energy (smaller than 400?eV) on the structural and tribo-mechanical behaviours of the coated surfaces is studied. Sample preparation consisted of two separate stages of surface pre-treatment and deposition of the protective film, and was done by means of filtered cathodic vacuum arc. Structure of the ta-C film and its interface with the substrate were studied by transmission electron microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling. The results revealed the formation of a broader, dense atomically mixed layer at the ta-C film–substrate interface of the pre-treated samples comparing with that of the samples without pre-treatment. Chemical characterization of thin diamond-like carbon coatings was conducted by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the surface pre-treatment was found to have a remarkable effect on increasing the sp3 hybridization fraction in the ta-C overcoat. Nano-tribological properties of the treated surfaces were examined using ball-on-flat wear test at very low load (20?mN). There was a good correlation between the surface and structure characteristics of the film, and the tribological results and the pre-treated surfaces presented a very low coefficient of friction and higher wear life. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of bombardment of the surface with C+ ions of moderate ion energy to improve the structural and tribo-mechanical properties of the protective ta-C films on the magnetic head substrate material.

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Reconstructions on Strontium Titanate (110) Surfaces at Various Annealing August 2011 #12;1 Abstract Reconstructions on Strontium Titanate (110) Surfaces at Various Annealing Conditions Alicia Loon Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is a perovskite complex metal oxide used in many different

After 9 years in the Saturn system, the Cassini spacecraft finally observed Titan in the supersonic solar wind. These unique observations reveal that Titan interaction with the solar wind is in many ways similar to un-magnetized planets Mars and Venus in spite of the differences in the properties of the solar plasma in the outer solar system. In particular, Cassini detected a collisionless, supercritical bow shock and a well-defined induced magnetosphere filled with mass-loaded interplanetary magnetic field lines, which drape around Titan ionosphere. Although the flyby altitude may not allow the detection of an ionopause, Cassini reports enhancements of plasma density compatible with plasma clouds or streamers in the flanks of its induced magnetosphere or due to an expansion of the induced magnetosphere. Because of the upstream conditions, these observations are also relevant for unmagnetized bodies in the outer solar system such as Pluto, where kinetic processes are expected to dominate.

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A new magnetoelectric hybrid device composed of a nanoparticulate magnetostrictive iron oxide-cobalt ferritefilm on a piezoelectric lead zirconic titanate crystal serving as both substrate and straining medium is described. Nano-Fe3O4?CoFe2O4...

Nanostructured Anodes for Lithium-Ion Nanostructured Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries at a glance ïƒ˜ patent pending ïƒ˜ increase energy density ïƒ˜ longer cyclic life ïƒ˜ replaces graphite anodes ïƒ˜ simple and lower cost manufacturing Current carbon-based anodes are fabricated through a series of processes of mixing carbon, binder and conductive additives in organic solution, pasting the slurry on current collector and baking to remove solvent. It involves intensive labor, fire safety and environment emission control resulting in high cost. Background Savannah River Nuclear Solutions (SRNS), managing contractor of the Savannah River Site (SRS) for the Department of Energy, has developed new anodes for lithium-ion batteries that are reported to increase the energy density four-fold. It is

1 Nano Research Facility Lab Safety Manual Nano Research Facility: Weining Wang Office: Brauer rules and procedures (a) Accidents and spills for chemicals Not containing Nano-Materials Spills of non for chemicals Containing Nano-Materials In a fume hood small spills of nano-materials in a liquid may

...Although, the plasma energy deposition...viable, but the plasma heating is inadequate...be true: another non-thermal process must be active...composition of the ambient plasma near Titan's orbit...used to test the atmospheric loss rate. Prior...

USC Nano Center Poster Session 19 April 2002 Nano-scale VLSI Design: A Significant Paradigm Shift The recent progression of events in nano-technology, from nanotubes to nano- transistors, begs a basic will the changes in underlying device materials theory of nano-scale electronics affect ways in which we currently

A layered titanate, potassium lithium titanate, with the size range from 0.1 to 30 µm was prepared to show the effects of the particle size on the materials performance. The potassium lithium titanate was prepared by solid-state reaction as reported previously, where the reaction temperature was varied. The reported temperature for the titanate preparation was higher than 800 °C, though 600 °C is good enough to obtain single-phase potassium lithium titanate. The lower temperature synthesis is cost effective and the product exhibit better performance as photocatalysts due to surface reactivity. - Graphical abstract: Finite particle of a layered titanate, potassium lithium titanate, was prepared by solid-state reaction at lower temperature to show modified materials performance. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Potassium lithium titanate was prepared by solid-state reaction. • Lower temperature reaction resulted in smaller sized particles of titanate. • 600 °C was good enough to obtain single phased potassium lithium titanate. • The product exhibited better performance as photocatalyst.

nanoFOAM nanoFOAM nanoFOAM Los Alamos National Laboratory's (LANL) nanoFOAM technique produces self-supporting, nanoporous metal foams. July 30, 2013 nanoFOAM In the upper left frame, the slanted U-shape with the bright spot is a resistively heated wire igniting a pellet pressed from one of our high-nitrogen transition-metal complexes. (The spot is a reflection from the window of the experimental chamber.) As the pellet rapidly burns, its volume dramatically increases as nitrogen gas released by the combustion creates nanoscopic pores in coalescing metal particles that are also released. Available for thumbnail of Feynman Center (505) 665-9090 Email nanoFOAM Applications: Nanofoams can improve the efficiencies of: Catalytic production of ammonia, sulfuric acid, fuels, plastics,

Sample records for ion nano titanate from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Monosodium titanate (MST) for use in the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) must be qualified and verified in advance. A single qualification sample for each batch of material is sent to SRNL for analysis, as well as a statistical sampling of verification samples. The Harrell Industries Lot No.052511 qualification and 14 verification samples met all the requirements in the specification indicating the material is acceptable for use in the process.

Monosodium titanate (MST) for use in the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) must be qualified and verified in advance. A single qualification sample for each batch of material is sent to SRNL for analysis, as well as a statistical sampling of verification samples. The Harrell Industries Lot No.46000524120 qualification and the 14 verification samples met each of the selected specification requirements that were tested and, consequently, the material is acceptable for use in the ARP process.

Monosodium titanate (MST) for use in the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) must be qualified and verified in advance. A single qualification sample for each batch of material is sent to SRNL for analysis, as well as a statistical sampling of verification samples. The Harrell Industries Lot No.071311 qualification and 12 verification samples met all the requirements in the specification indicating the material is acceptable for use in the process.

Monosodium titanate (MST) for use in the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) must be qualified and verified in advance. A single qualification sample for each batch of material is sent to SRNL for analysis, as well as a statistical sampling of verification samples. The Harrell Industries Lot #46000619120 qualification and the 13 verification samples met each of the selected specification requirements that were tested and, consequently, the material is acceptable for use in the ARP process.

Monosodium titanate (MST) for use in the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) must be qualified and verified in advance. A single qualification sample for each batch of material is sent to SRNL for analysis, as well as a statistical sampling of verification samples. The Harrell Industries Lot #46000824120 qualification and the 16 verification samples failed to meet the specification for weight percent solids. All of the pails sampled and tested contained less than 15 wt % MST solids.

Monosodium titanate (MST) for use in the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) must be qualified and verified in advance. A single qualification sample for each batch of material is sent to SRNL for analysis, as well as a statistical sampling of verification samples. The Harrell Industries Lot #46000908120 qualification and the 16 verification samples failed to meet the specification for weight percent solids. All of the pails sampled and tested contained less than 15 wt % MST solids.

and solar panels. Anyway, I learned about the job through a solar car listserv. I contacted him and becameCormick: What does Titan Aerospace do? Cornew: Titan Aerospace is a startup that designs and builds solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones. Our long-term goal is to build solar-powered UAVs that could stay

1 Titan's Inventory of Organic Surface Materials Ralph D. Lorenz1,* , Karl L. Mitchell2 , Randolph observations now permit an initial assessment of the inventory of two classes, presumed to be organic, of Titan observed, of which dozens are each estimated to contain more hydrocarbon liquid than the entire known oil

Multiferroic Domain Dynamics in Strained Strontium Titanate A. Vasudevarao,1 A. Kumar,1 L. Tian,1 J (Received 19 June 2006; published 21 December 2006) Multiferroicity can be induced in strontium titanate to the ferroelectric mm2 phase, followed by a transition to a ferroelastic-ferroelectric mm2 phase in a strontium

We present the first published analysis of a solar occultation by Titan's atmosphere measured by the Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph on board Cassini. The data were measured during flyby T53 in 2009 April and correspond to latitudes between 21 Degree-Sign and 28 Degree-Sign south. The analysis utilizes the absorption of two solar emission lines (584 A and 630 A) in the ionization continuum of the N{sub 2} absorption cross section and solar emission lines around 1085 A where absorption is due to CH{sub 4}. The measured transmission at these wavelengths provides a direct estimate of the N{sub 2} and CH{sub 4} column densities along the line of sight from the spacecraft to the Sun, which we inverted to obtain the number densities. The high signal-to-noise ratio of the data allowed us to retrieve density profiles in the altitude range 1120-1400 km for nitrogen and 850-1300 km for methane. We find an N{sub 2} scale height of {approx}76 km and a temperature of {approx}153 K. Our results are in general agreement with those from previous work, although there are some differences. Particularly, our profiles agree, considering uncertainties, with the density profiles derived from the Voyager 1 Ultraviolet Spectrograph data, and with in situ measurements by the Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer with revised calibration.

Although no lightning discharges were observed during the Voyager 1 flyby of Titan, this lack of evidence does not rule out the existence of lightning phenomena which could be detected by the Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) instrument on board of the Cassini spacecraft. The existence of lightning or other electromagnetic discharges has been suggested to explain the formation of hydrocarbons and nitriles in the context of Titan's complex organic chemistry. Although thunderclouds may be a rare phenomenon in Titan's lower atmosphere, recent investigations show that such clouds may cause temporary maximum electrical fields in the order of 2×106 V m?1 sufficient to initiate 20 km long Earth-like cloud-to-ground type 2 lightning strokes. Since such clouds are likely to be correlated with strong convection near the subsolar point, we expect possible lightning flashes to occur only on the dayside. Recent telescopic infrared observations have detected localized, high, short-lived clouds on Titan. We have calculated the flash characteristics, frequency spectrum, maximum spectral energy and the electromagnetic energy radiated into the troposphere by using a wave guide model of lightning currents for Titan's lightning strokes. Our study indicates that cloud-to-ground lightning strokes on Titan would be comparable with so-called type 2 lightning strokes on Earth. Their total radiated energy to the far field could be about 130 kJ and their maximum energy at a frequency of about 4 kHz. In order to estimate the capability of the Cassini/RPWS instrument to detect lightning discharges during several close Titan flybys, we distinguish the atmospheric regions, where the propagation of electromagnetic waves is unperturbed or where it is impossible. We found that the Cassini/RPWS instrument should be able to detect electromagnetic signals generated from a representative cloud-to-ground lightning stroke in Titan's lower atmosphere in a frequency range above 500 kHz or 1 \\{MHz\\} up to 200 Titan radii away. We suggest that for the search of lightning signals the RPWS high-frequency receiver HF2 with its H2-1E or H2-1E/F receiver modes and low integration times ?t of 10 or 20 ms should be chosen. Since the lightning flash rate might be low (<1 flash per hour) it is important to have long observation times. An analysis of all Cassini trajectories of Titan close flybys shows that the spacecraft would have the opportunity to observe Titan's dayside within 100 Titan radii during nearly all flybys. This time should be long enough, even if the lightning flash rate is low.

Sample records for ion nano titanate from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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The low ionic conductivity is a bottleneck of the inorganic solid state electrolyte used for lithium ion battery. In ceramic electrolytes, grain boundary usually dominates the total conductivity. In order to improve the grain boundary effect, an amorphous silica layer is introduced into grain boundary of ceramic electrolytes based on lithium-lanthanum-titanate, as evidenced by electron microscopy. The results showed that the total ionic conductivity could be to be enhanced over 1 x 10{sup -4} S/cm at room temperature. The reasons can be attributed to removing the anisotropy of outer-shell of grains, supplement of lithium ions in various sites in grain boundary and close bindings among grains by the amorphous boundary layer among grains.

A novel in-trap decay spectroscopy facility has been developed and constructed for use with TRIUMF's Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science (TITAN). This apparatus consists of an open-access spectroscopy ion-trap, which is surrounded radially with up to seven low-energy planar Si(Li) detectors. The ion-trap environment allows for the detection of low-energy photons by providing backing-free storage of the radioactive ions, while guiding decay particles from the trap center via the strong (up to 6 T) magnetic field. Excellent ion confinement is also facilitated by the use of an intense electron beam which provides storage times of minutes or more without ion loss. These advantages, along with careful monitoring and control, provide a significant increase in sensitivity for the detection of X-rays from the electron-capture process. The design, development, and commissioning of this apparatus are presented and the future of the device and experimental technique are discussed.

A novel in-trap decay spectroscopy facility has been developed and constructed for use with TRIUMF's Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science (TITAN). This apparatus consists of an open-access spectroscopy ion-trap, which is surrounded radially with up to seven low-energy planar Si(Li) detectors. The ion-trap environment allows for the detection of low-energy photons by providing backing-free storage of the radioactive ions, while guiding decay particles from the trap center via the strong (up to 6 T) magnetic field. Excellent ion confinement is also facilitated by the use of an intense electron beam which provides storage times of minutes or more without ion loss. These advantages, along with careful monitoring and control, provide a significant increase in sensitivity for the detection of X-rays from the electron-capture process. The design, development, and commissioning of this apparatus are presented and the future of the device and experimental technique are discussed.

......gave information on the atmospheric properties, but also...with the presence of water ice on Titan's surface...Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs). The instruments...tiger-stripes and the water atmosphere generated...photochemistry and atmospheric circulation. The interaction......

Thus far, use of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) in MEMS has been limited due to the lack of process compatibility with existing MEMS manufacturing techniques. Direct printing of thin films eliminates the need for photolithographic ...

Monosodium titanate (MST) for use in the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) must be qualified and verified in advance. A single qualification sample for each batch of material is sent to SRNL for analysis, as well as a statistical sampling of verification samples. The Harrell Industries Lot No.120111 qualification and the first 12 verification samples met all the requirements in the specification indicating the material is acceptable for use in the process. Analyses of Pail 125 verification sample fails the criteria for solids content and has measurably lower pH, density, and total bottle weight. The verification sample for Pail 125 was retested for weight percent solids after checking that all of the solids had been suspended. The sample again failed to meet acceptance criteria. SRNL recommends accepting Pails 1 through 120. Pails 121 through 125 should be rejected and returned to the vendor.

onboard the Cassini spacecraft during one Titan flyby on December 26, 2005. The Langmuir Probe the wake of Titan on December 26, 2005 (flyby T9), and gave us the possibility to investigate the structure

1 The equilibrium crystal shape of strontium titanate and its relationship to the grain crystal shape (ECS) of a model system, strontium titanate, is compared with the grain boundary plane distribution (GBPD) as a function of temperature. Strontium titanate has a pronounced surface energy anisotropy

The effect of stress on the dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate thin films T. M Barium strontium titanate thin films are being developed as capacitors in dynamic random access memories to their large permittivities, barium strontium titan- ate BST bulk ceramics have long been used to make high

Sample records for ion nano titanate from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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The equilibrium crystal shape of strontium titanate and its relationship to the grain boundary system, strontium titanate, is compared with the grain boundary plane dis- tribution (GBPD) as a function of temperature. Strontium titanate has a pronounced surface energy anisotropy and a grain growth anomaly

Observations on the steric layers formed by the adsorption of low-molecular-weight polyacrylic acid (PAA) were taken using the colloidal probe method in an atomic force microscope. The effects of divalent barium ions and of monovalent potassium ions at varying concentrations were observed on the repulsive interaction profiles. High ionic concentrations screened double-layer forces to small distances, whereby the acting forces were reduced to steric interactions. De Gennes scaling theory was used to model the effect of electrolyte on an aqueous barium titanate system, which was stabilized with PAA. The brush model was found to represent the force curves better than the mushroom model. The collapse of PAA layers with increasing salt approximated a grafted polymer brush in monovalent electrolyte, but the addition of barium ions caused markedly less steric collapse. It is suggested that the formation of a Ba2+–PAA complex in the adsorbed layer increases its compressibility parameter.

Monosodium titanate (MST) for use in the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) must be qualified and verified in advance. A single qualification sample for each batch of material is sent to SRNL for analysis, as well as a statistical sampling of verification samples. The Harrell Industries Lot 030311 qualification and 9 verification samples met all the requirements in the specification indicating the material is acceptable for use in the process. Harrell Industries is under contract with Savannah River Remediation to provide MST for use in the Actinide Removal Process (ARP). A 500-mL qualification sample for Lot 030311 was sent to the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) to confirm the material meets the requirements specified in the purchase specification. The vendor is also obligated to send verification samples from {approx}10% or more of the pails of MST product for each lot (distributed roughly evenly through the entire lot of pails). For the verification of this lot, Harrell Industries sent 9 samples, one each from pails 1, 5, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 45, and 55 of 59 total pails.

In this paper we select large spectral averages of data from the Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) obtained in limb-viewing mode at low latitudes (30S--30N), greatly increasing the path length and hence signal-to-noise ratio for optically thin trace species such as propane. By modeling and subtracting the emissions of other gas species, we demonstrate that at least six infrared bands of propane are detected by CIRS, including two not previously identified in Titan spectra. Using a new line list for the range 1300-1400cm -1, along with an existing GEISA list, we retrieve propane abundances from two bands at 748 and 1376 cm-1. At 748 cm-1 we retrieve 4.2 +/- 0.5 x 10(-7) (1-sigma error) at 2 mbar, in good agreement with previous studies, although lack of hotbands in the present spectral atlas remains a problem. We also determine 5.7 +/- 0.8 x 10(-7) at 2 mbar from the 1376 cm-1 band - a value that is probably affected by systematic errors including continuum gradients due to haze and also an imperf...

High-level nuclear waste produced from fuel reprocessing operations at the Savannah River Site (SRS) requires pretreatment to remove {sup 137}Cs, {sup 90}Sr and alpha-emitting radionuclides (i.e., actinides) prior to disposal. Separation processes planned at SRS include caustic side solvent extraction, for {sup 137}Cs removal, and ion exchange/sorption of {sup 90}Sr and alpha-emitting radionuclides with an inorganic material, monosodium titanate (MST). The predominant alpha-emitting radionuclides in the highly alkaline waste solutions include plutonium isotopes {sup 238}Pu, {sup 239}Pu and {sup 240}Pu. This paper provides a summary of data acquired to measure the performance of MST to remove strontium and actinides from simulated waste solutions. These tests evaluated the influence of ionic strength, temperature, solution composition and the oxidation state of plutonium.

Titan's New Build Attracts Magnetic Systems Research Impossible Until Now Titan's New Build Attracts Magnetic Systems Research Impossible Until Now November 01, 2013 Researchers using Titan are studying the behavior of magnetic systems by simulating nickel atoms as they reach their Curie temperature-the threshold between order (right) and disorder (left) when atoms spin into random magnetic directions of fluctuating magnetic strengths, causing the material to lose its magnetism. As simple as magnets seemed during school science lessons (opposites attract, likes repel), improving the performance of magnetic materials and creating new alloys is so complicated Markus Eisenbach, computational scientist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, has been waiting for a computer that can perform as many as twenty quadrillion calculations per second to

Northern Virginia Technology Council Titans' Breakfast Northern Virginia Technology Council Titans' Breakfast Northern Virginia Technology Council Titans' Breakfast September 25, 2008 - 3:43pm Addthis Remarks as Prepared for Secretary Bodman Thank you, Gary. It is good to be here with all of you this morning to talk about America's energy future. You certainly don't need reminding that our world is confronting a rapidly growing demand for energy, rising prices, and an urgent need to produce and use energy more cleanly and efficiently in ways that do not harm our shared environment - or our security. And these demand pressures, though already acute, will only increase with time. The International Energy Agency estimates that the world's primary energy needs will grow by more than 50 percent by 2030. Our challenge, as the President has made clear, is to develop and deploy

The Savannah River National Laboratory performed measurements of the rheology of suspensions and settled layers of treated material applicable to the Savannah River Site Salt Waste Processing Facility. Suspended solids mixtures included monosodium titanate (MST) or modified MST (mMST) at various solid concentrations and soluble ion concentrations with and without the inclusion of kaolin clay or simulated sludge. Layers of settled solids were MST/sludge or mMST/sludge mixtures, either with or without sorbed strontium, over a range of initial solids concentrations, soluble ion concentrations, and settling times.

Chemical potential phase stability diagrams were calculated from relevant thermodynamic properties and used to predict the thermodynamic driving force under prospective conditions of room temperature mechanosynthesis. One analysed the dependence of chemical potential diagrams on temperature and partial pressure of evolving gases such as oxygen or carbon dioxide, as expected on using strontium peroxide or strontium carbonate as precursor reactants for the alkali earth component. Thermodynamic calculations were also obtained for changes in titania precursor reactants, including thermodynamic predictions for reactivity of strontium carbonate with amorphous titania. Experimental evidence showed that strontium titanate can be obtained by mechanosynthesis of strontium carbonate+anatase mixtures, due to previous amorphization under high energy milling. Ability to perform mechanosynthesis with less energetic milling depends on the suitable choice of alternative precursor reactants, which meet the thermodynamic requirements without previous amorphization; this was demonstrated by mechanosynthesis from anatase+strontium peroxide mixtures. - Graphical abstract: X-Ray diffractograms of the starting TiO{sub 2} (anatase)+SrCO{sub 3} mixture and after mechanical activation at 650 rpm, for 1, 2, and 7 h. Different symbols are used to identify reflections ascribed to anatase (diamonds), SrCO{sub 3} (squares) and SrTiO{sub 3} (triangles). Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Prediction of thermodynamic driving force for room temperature mechanosynthesis. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Dependence of chemical potential diagrams on temperature and partial pressure. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Thermodynamic calculations for changes in titania precursor. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Experimental support for thermodynamic predictions.

Sample records for ion nano titanate from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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The hydrothermal phase transition of ammonium titanate into TiO2 in aqueous ammonia media was investigated in the presence of F? ions by adding various kinds of electrolytes such as NaCl, NH4Cl, NaF, and NH4F. The phase composition and the morphologies of the products were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With the assistance of F? ions, pure brookite TiO2 can be hydrothermally prepared with a wide range of Na+ ion concentrations from 0.25 M to 1.5 M in just 24 h, which has obvious advantages over the previous NaCl scheme [1,2]. Moreover, photocatalytic degradation of MO shows that both anatase and brookite prepared in the presence of F? ions show superior photocatalytic activities than those prepared in the absence of F? ions. The phase transition mechanism from ammonium titanate into TiO2 was also proposed. Besides the introduction of Na+ ions that benefits the phase transition from titanate to brookite, F? ions are suggested to play two key roles during the hydrothermal process: catalyzing the condensation reaction of TiOH to produce TiOTi linkages by forming TiF and regulating the intercalation and the de-intercalation of Na+ ions by counteracting the electrostatic interaction between the Na+ ions and the titanate layers.

Nano-/micro wires of copper are grown on semiconducting Si substrate using the template method. It involves the irradiation of 8 um thick polymeric layer coated on Si with150 MeV Ni ion beam at a fluence of 2E8. Later, by using the simple technique of electrodeposition, copper nano-/micro wires were grown via template synthesis. Synthesized wires were morphologically characterized using SEM and electrical characterization was carried out by finding I-V plot.

here the use of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to image the cholesterol-dependent cohesive of molecule specific images using a NanoSIMS. Simultaneous detection of six different ion species in SIMS

Titan is a very interesting target in deep space exploration. With its solid surface on which a rover can easily travel and its methane lakes which can be sailed it is the ideal target for a deep space mission which includes a mobile platform. In the present paper the general layout of a rover for a mission to Titan is studied, dealing with the mobility, power generation and trajectory control issues. A four-wheels configuration with slip steering was chosen; to compare this solution with the more conventional strategy based on steering wheels, simulations were performed on some trajectories computed through the well known ‘potential’ method, using both slip steering and conventional steering control, for different vehicle speeds. The comparison between the simulated trajectories allows to state the adequateness of the proposed approach. The results here obtained apply not only to a future mission to Titan, but also to other missions designed for the exploration of the satellites of the outer planets having a size comparable with that of Titan and the largest Kuiper belt objects like Pluto and 136472 Makemake.

Abstract Methane is key to sustaining Titan's thick nitrogen atmosphere. However, methane is destroyed and the pressure induced opacity in the infrared, particularly by CH4Â­N2 and H2Â­N2 collisions in the troposphere), whose reaction with carbon grains or carbon dioxide in the crustal pores produces methane gas

...systems indicate the production of virga, with...daily averaged solar insolation (Brown...mid-troposphere convection cell evident from the...Sun lowers the solar heating two orders...methane and the production of haze causes...2008Titan's inventory of organic surface materials...application to the outer solar system. Astrophys...

demonstrate automatic visually-augmented navigation processing of a sequence of 866 images of the RMS Titanic. These include hydrothermal vent sites, cold seep sites, shipwrecks of archaeological significance, coral reefs as a representation of the data that serves as input to our algorithm. It is the result of semi-automatic processing

EE 337 Engineering micro and nano-systems EE 337 Engineering micro and nano-systems A.F.J. Levi as an introduction to micro and nano-technology, methods to control and exploit the new degrees of freedom delivered by nano-science, and the integration of micro and nano-technology into systems. It is a hands

EE 238 Engineering nano-systems Page 1 EE 238 Engineering nano-systems A.F.J. Levi Spring 2009, OHE This course is designed as an introduction to nano-technology, methods to control and exploit the new degrees of freedom delivered by nano-science, and the integration of nano-technology into systems. It is a hands

How to Turn a Jaguar into a Titan How to Turn a Jaguar into a Titan How to Turn a Jaguar into a Titan November 27, 2012 - 3:02pm Addthis Michael Hess Michael Hess Former Digital Communications Specialist, Office of Public Affairs What powers Titan? 299,008 processor cores 710 terabytes of memory 8.2 MW power usage How to Turn a Jaguar into a Titan It takes more than the side mural to turn the fastest supercomputer dedicated to Open Science into the fastest computer in the world. The same room and cabinets that held supercomputer Jaguar, now holds Titan. Storified by Energy Department Â· Tue, Nov 27 2012 12:07:29 How did Oak Ridge National Labs turn this world-class supercomputer into an even faster, more efficient supercomputer? Wikimedia It took a little more than changing the sticker. Wikimedia

We present adaptive optics data from the 10-m W.M. Keck telescope that were taken during the time the Huygens probe descended through Titan's atmosphere, and on the days following touch-down. The spatial resolution of the images is typically {approx}0.04-inch, or {approx}240 km on Titan (60 km/pixel). No probe entry signal was detected at levels exceeding 0.8 {micro}Jy (3-{sigma}) per pixel (0.01-inch), which although within the range of predicted flux levels, cannot constrain any models. We present data on Titan's surface, troposphere and stratosphere during the days following probe entry, when the solar phase angle varied from 0.05{sup o} up to 0.8{sup o}, with the Sun in the West. Contrary to expectation, the data often showed the East side to be brightest. Adding data obtained with Keck and Gemini over the past few years reveals that the East-West asymmetry can be explained by a combination of the solar phase angle effect together with a general preponderance of haze on Titan's East or morning hemisphere. The troposphere was characterized by quiescent weather; only a few small clouds were present near the south pole, at typical altitudes of 30-40 km. While stratospheric haze was prominent over the northern hemisphere, tropospheric haze dominated the south, from the S. pole up to latitudes of {approx} -45{sup o}. An intriguing observation is that obtained at 1.22 {micro}m, which revealed haze in the form of a collar at -60{sup o}, in contrast to the polar haze cap as usually seen. A comparison of narrow band JHK images of Titan's surface with that obtained by Cassini ISS shows a striking resemblance in small-scale features. After a decent attempt to remove the atmosphere from the images, the surface contrast between dark and bright areas may be larger at 2 {micro}m than at 1.6 and 1.3 {micro}m. If true, this could imply that the dark areas on Titan's surface are covered by a coarser grained frost than the bright areas, and/or that there are more absorbers, such as NH{sub 3}/NH{sub 4}SH frost, in these dark areas.

-based ultracapacitors,24 electrodes for batteries,25Ã?27 electrochemical sensors,28Ã?30 and graphene-based composites as functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs). FGSs have been used in various applications: In lithium ion batteriesÂ­000 LETTER pubs.acs.org/NanoLett Local Voltage Drop in a Single Functionalized Graphene Sheet Characterized

The NASA/ESA Cassini probe of Saturn analyzed the molecular composition of plumes emanating from one of its moons, Enceladus, and the upper atmosphere of another, Titan. However, interpretation of this data is complicated by the hypervelocity (HV) flybys of up to ?18??km/sec that cause substantial molecular fragmentation. To interpret this data we use quantum mechanical based reactive force fields to simulate the HV impact of various molecular species and ice clathrates on oxidized titanium surfaces mimicking those in Cassini’s neutral and ion mass spectrometer (INMS). The predicted velocity dependent fragmentation patterns and composition mixing ratios agree with INMS data providing the means for identifying the molecules in the plume. We used our simulations to predict the surface damage from the HV impacts on the INMS interior walls, which we suggest acts as a titanium sublimation pump that could alter the instrument’s readings. These results show how the theory can identify chemical events from hypervelocity impacts in space plumes and atmospheres, providing in turn clues to the internal structure of the corresponding sources (e.g., Enceladus). This may be valuable in steering modifications in future missions.

Laboratory experiments on titanate ceramics were performed to verify whether certain assumptions are valid regarding the swelling, chemical durability, and microcracking that might occur as 239Pu decays. Titanate ceramics are the material of choice for the immobilization of surplus weapons-grade Pu. The short-lived isotope, 238Pu, was incorporated into the ceramic formulation to accelerate the effects of radiation induced damage. We report on the effects of this damage on the density (volumetric swelling <6%), crystal structure of pyrochlore-bearing specimens (amorphous after about 2?1018 ?/g), and dissolution (no change from fully the crystalline specimen). Even though the specimens became amorphous during the tests, there was no evidence for microcracking in the photomicrographs from the scanning electron microscope. Thus, although pyrochlore is susceptible to radiation-induced damage, the material remains chemically and physically viable as a material for immobilizing surplus weapons-grade Pu.

The analytical tool used to evaluate accidents aboard a Titan IV launch vehicle involving a Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) is discussed. The Launch Accident Scenario Evaluation Program-Titan IV version (LASEP-T) uses a Monte Carlo approach to determine the response of an RTG to various threatening environments. The threatening environments arise from a complex interplay of probabilistic and deterministic processes, and are therefore parameterized by a set of random variables with probability distributions. The assessment of the RTG response to a given environment is based on both empirical data and theoretical modeling. Imbedding detailed, complex response models into the LASEP-T calculation was not practical. Simpler response models have been constructed to capture both the inherent variability due to the phenomenology of the accident scenario along with the uncertainty of predicting response behavior. The treatment of variability and uncertainty as it pertains to the launch accident evaluation of RTG response will be discussed.

Lead titanate (PbTiO3) is a classical example of a ferroelectric perovskite oxide illustrating a displacive phase transition accompanied by a softening of a symmetry-breaking mode. The underlying assumption justifying the soft-mode theory is that the crystal is macroscopically sufficiently uniform so that a meaningful free energy function can be formed. In contrast to PbTiO3, experimental studies show that the phase transition behaviour of lead-zirconate-titanate solid solution (PZT) is far more subtle. Most of the studies on the PZT system have been dedicated to ceramic or powder samples, in which case an unambiguous soft-mode study is not possible, as modes with different symmetries appear together. Our Raman scattering study on titanium-rich PZT single crystal shows that the phase transitions in PZT cannot be described by a simple soft-mode theory. In strong contrast to PbTiO3, splitting of transverse E-symmetry modes reveals that there are different locally-ordered regions. The role of crystal defects, random distribution of Ti and Zr at the B- cation site and Pb ions shifted away from their ideal positions, dictates the phase transition mechanism. A statistical model explaining the observed peak splitting and phase transformation to a complex state with spatially varying local order in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary is given.

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A far-infrared emission band attributed to volatile or refractory haze in Titan's stratosphere has been decreasing in intensity since Cassini's arrival in 2004. The 220 cm{sup -1} feature, first seen by the Voyager Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer, has only been found in Titan's winter polar region. The emission peaks at about 140 km altitude near the winter stratospheric temperature minimum. Observations recorded over the period 2004-2012 by the Composite Infrared Spectrometer on Cassini show a decrease in the intensity of this feature by about a factor of four. Possible seasonal causes of this decline are an increase in photolytic destruction of source chemicals at high altitude, a lessening of condensation as solar heating increased, or a weakening of downwelling of vapors. As of early 2012, the 220 cm{sup -1} haze has not yet been detected in the south. The haze composition is unknown, but its decrease is similar to that of HC{sub 3}N gas in Titan's polar stratosphere, pointing to a nitrile origin.

NANO EXPRESS Open Access Ultrafast nano-oscillators based on interlayer- bridged carbon nanoscrolls nano-oscillators based on carbon nanoscrolls (CNSs) using molecular dynamics simulations. Initiated of gigahertz. We demonstrate an effective strategy to reduce the dissipation of the CNS-based nano

Nano-Tera.CH: Nano-technologies for Tera-scale Problems Giovanni De Micheli EPF Lausanne 1015, Switzerland ABSTRACT -- The Nano-Tera.CH initiative is a broad engineering program in Switzerland for health is rooted in advances in engineering nano-scale materials and their exploitation in a variety of systems

OPINION Whither `nano' or `bio'? | Rob Ritchie So what's all this hype about `nano' and `bio of these words. Indeed, I've heard numerous people glibly state that, unless the title of your proposal has `nano! The nano revolution has certainly taken our field by storm. One constantly hears of the new paradigm Â­ we

Plasma environment in the wake of Titan from hybrid simulation: A case study R. Modolo,1 G. M] On 26 December 2005, the Cassini spacecraft flew through Titan's plasma wake and revealed a complex position of the wake. Two distinct plasma regions are identified with a significant difference

glaciation (e.g. the catastrophic release of water from glacial lakes), which requires an atmospheric cyclePalaeoflood-generating mechanisms on Earth, Mars, and Titan Devon M. Burr a Earth and Planetary flow has been observed on Earth and Mars and hypothesized for Titan. The mechanisms for generating

Simulation and Cryogenic Experiments of Natural Convection for the Titan Montgolfiere Yuri Feldman for prediction of the buoyancy of single- and double- walled balloons in a cryogenic environment such as Titan at cryogenic conditions. The predicted buoyancy and temperature fields compare favorably with experiments

Optimization of High Tunability Barium Strontium Titanate Thin Films Grown by RF Magnetron Abstract-- Barium strontium titanate is a solid solution perovskite with a field-dependent permittivity.7 MV/cm. I. INTRODUCTION In recent years there has been much interest in thin-film barium strontium

Graduate School of Engineering, NAGOYA UNIVERSITY Center for Micro-Nano MechatronicsCenter for Micro-Nano Mechatronics Nano measurement engineering Nano design and manufacturing Nano materials science Nano control engineering Bio/Medical applications #12;Micro and nanotechnology has become very

Nano-science Safety Requirements Effective Date 12/6/2011 Nano-science Safety Requirements Effective Date 12/6/2011 The only official copy of this file is the one on-line. Before using a printed copy, verify that it is the most current version by checking the effective date. Page 1 of 3 Prepared By: L. Stiegler Low Risk - Embedded or Fixed Nanostructures (nanomaterials, incapable as a practical matter, of becoming airborne) Ensure that fixed nanomaterials are not subjected to actions that may generate Unbound NanoParticles (UNP). * For work outside of a HEPA filtered exhaust hood: o No Mechanical stresses e.g., (grinding, scraping, or pressing). o No thermal stresses o Cover samples when practical e.g., (slide cover, Kapton tape, Mylar tape, or cellophane tape). Samples/container must be labeled if not used immediately.

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EE 337 Engineering nano-systems Page 1 EE 337 Engineering micro and nano-systems A.F.J. Levi Spring.edu/dept/engineering/eleceng/Adv_Network_Tech/Html/ee337.html This course is designed as an introduction to nano-technology, methods to control and exploit the new degrees of freedom delivered by nano-science, and the integration of nano-technology into systems

BigPicture on From nano-hype to nano- nonsense, this issue in the Big Picture series sifts senseÂ­13 What does the future hold for four nano-products? 14Â­15 The big picture 16 FIND OUT MORE ISSUE 2 JUNE and revolutionise medicine. They are the future, say the nano-enthusiasts. Hang on, say nano-sceptics, didn't you

EE 337 Engineering micro and nano-systems Page 1 EE 337 Engineering micro and nano-systems A.edu/dept/engineering/eleceng/Adv_Network_Tech/Html/ee337.html This course is designed as an introduction to micro and nano-technology, methods to control and exploit the new degrees of freedom delivered by nano-science, and the integration of micro and nano

...April 2004 research-article Theme Issue Nano-optics and near-field microscopy compiled by David Richards and Anatoly Zayats Nano-optics with single quantum systems This...fluorescent molecules, as local probes for nano-optical field distributions. We start...

Calculations have been carried out to model the alpha decay-induced conversion of a titanate ceramic (CaPuTi/sub 2/O/sub 7/) from the crystalline state to an amorphous condition. Experimental results have shown that the disordered state varies with irradiation temperature and extent of redamage, and so special consideration is given to those factors. Results of these calculations are applied to the analysis of dimensional changes during irradiation at various temperatures and release of stored energy on recovery to the crystalline state. Modeling results appear to show that it is possible to convert to the amorphous state under irradiation by two different processes. Modeling is also employed to extend experimental results on swelling from the present data base to a high damage rate characteristic of ion implantation and the low rates typical of nuclear waste storage and self-damage of natural mineral analogues. 15 refs., 5 figs.; 1 tab.

A number of laboratory studies have been conducted to determine the influence of mixing and mixing intensity, solution ionic strength, initial sorbate concentrations, temperature, and monosodium titanate (MST) concentration on the rates of sorbate removal by MST in high-level nuclear waste solutions. Of these parameters, initial sorbate concentrations, ionic strength, and MST concentration have the greater impact on sorbate removal rates. The lack of a significant influence of mixing and mixing intensity on sorbate removal rates indicates that bulk solution transport is not the rate controlling step in the removal of strontium and actinides over the range of conditions and laboratory-scales investigated. However, bulk solution transport may be a significant parameter upon use of MST in a 1.3 million-gallon waste tank such as that planned for the Small Column Ion Exchange (SCIX) program. Thus, Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) recommends completing the experiments in progress to determine if mixing intensity influences sorption rates under conditions appropriate for this program. Adsorption models have been developed from these experimental studies that allow prediction of strontium (Sr), plutonium (Pu), neptunium (Np) and uranium (U) concentrations as a function of contact time with MST. Fairly good agreement has been observed between the predicted and measured sorbate concentrations in the laboratory-scale experiments.

Piezoelectric properties of epitaxial (001) barium strontium titanate (BST) films are computed as functions of composition, misfit strain, and temperature using a non-linear thermodynamic model. Results show that through adjusting in-plane strains, a highly adaptive rhombohedral ferroelectric phase can be stabilized at room temperature with outstanding piezoelectric response exceeding those of lead based piezoceramics. Furthermore, by adjusting the composition and the in-plane misfit, an electrically tunable piezoelectric response can be obtained in the paraelectric state. These findings indicate that strain engineered BST films can be utilized in the development of electrically tunable and switchable surface and bulk acoustic wave resonators.

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.

The sorption capabilities (e.g., kinetics, selectivity, capacity) of the baseline monosodium titanate (MST) sorbent material currently being used to sequester Sr-90 and alpha-emitting radioisotopes at the Savannah River Site are significantly improved when treated with hydrogen peroxide; either during the original synthesis of MST, or, as a post-treatment step after the MST has been synthesized. It is expected that these peroxide-modified MST sorbent materials will have significantly improved sorption capabilities for non-radioactive cations found in industrial processes and waste streams.

The photosensitivity of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramic material used in high resolution, high contrast, and non-volatile photoferroelectric image storage and display devices is enhanced significantly by positive ion implantation of the PLZT near its surface. Implanted ions include H.sup.+, He.sup.+, Ne.sup.+, Ar.sup.+, as well as chemically reactive ions from Fe, Cr, and Al. The positive ion implantation advantageously serves to shift the absorption characteristics of the PLZT material from near-UV light to visible light. As a result, photosensitivity enhancement is such that the positive ion implanted PLZT plate is sensitive even to sunlight and conventional room lighting, such as fluorescent and incandescent light sources. The method disclosed includes exposing the PLZT plate to the positive ions at sufficient density, from 1.times.10.sup.12 to 1.times.10.sup.17, and with sufficient energy, from 100 to 500 KeV, to provide photosensitivity enhancement. The PLZT material may have a lanthanum content ranging from 5 to 10%, a lead zirconate content of 62 to 70 mole %, and a lead titanate content of 38 to 30%. The ions are implanted at a depth of 0.1 to 2 microns below the surface of the PLZT plate.

The arrival of the Cassini-Huygens probe at Saturn's moon Titan - the only Solar System body besides Earth and Venus with a solid surface and a thick atmosphere with a pressure of 1.4 atm at surface level - in 2004 opened up a new chapter in the history of Solar System exploration. The mission revealed Titan as a world with striking Earth-like landscapes involving hydrocarbon lakes and seas as well as sand dunes and lava-like features interspersed with craters and icy mountains of hitherto unknown chemical composition. The discovery of a dynamic atmosphere and active weather system illustrates further the similarities between Titan and Earth. The aerosol-based haze layers, which give Titan its orange-brownish color, are not only Titan's most prominent optically visible features, but also play a crucial role in determining Titan's thermal structure and chemistry. These smog-like haze layers are thought to be very similar to those that were present in Earth's atmosphere before life developed more than 3.8 billion years ago, absorbing the destructive ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, thus acting as 'prebiotic ozone' to preserve astrobiologically important molecules on Titan. Compared to Earth, Titan's low surface temperature of 94 K and the absence of liquid water preclude the evolution of biological chemistry as we know it. Exactly because of these low temperatures, Titan provides us with a unique prebiotic 'atmospheric laboratory' yielding vital clues - at the frozen stage - on the likely chemical composition of the atmosphere of the primitive Earth. However, the underlying chemical processes, which initiate the haze formation from simple molecules, have been not understood well to date.

Hundreds of radar-dark patches interpreted as lakes have been discovered in the north and south polar regions of Titan. We have estimated the composition of these lakes by using the direct abundance measurements from the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer aboard the Huygens probe and recent photochemical models based on the vertical temperature profile derived by the Huygens Atmospheric Structure Instrument. Thermodynamic equilibrium is assumed between the atmosphere and the lakes, which are also considered nonideal solutions. We find that the main constituents of the lakes are ethane (C{sub 2}H{sub 6}) (approx76%-79%), propane (C{sub 3}H{sub 8}) (approx7%-8%), methane (CH{sub 4}) (approx5%-10%), hydrogen cyanide (HCN) (approx2%-3%), butene (C{sub 4}H{sub 8}) (approx1%), butane (C{sub 4}H{sub 10}) (approx1%), and acetylene (C{sub 2}H{sub 2}) (approx1%). The calculated composition of lakes is then substantially different from what has been expected from models elaborated prior to the exploration of Titan by the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft.

The Nano-Micro Interface Bridging the Micro and Nano Worlds. Edited by Hans-JÃ¶rg Fecht and Matthias- tion among researchers. The book The Nano-Micro Interface: Bridging the Micro and Nano Worlds fills one of these gaps. More specifically, this book, as its subtitle indicates, bridges the micro and nano worlds

??Nano-manufacturing is receiving significant attention in industry due to the ever-growing interest in nanotechnology in research institutions. It is hypothesized that single-step or direct-write nano-scale… (more)

Sample records for ion nano titanate from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Nanotechnology will allow us to build devices enormously smaller than before and will bring fundamental changes to the disciplines such as engineering, chemistry, medicine, biology, and physics. The research in nano manipulation and nano assembly is ...

Compositional exploration was conducted within the alkaline bismuth titanate system by doping on the A- and B- sites with Ba?² and Zr??, respectively. Results on the phase, dielectric and electromechanical properties of ...

's atmosphere. In initial model tests over a two-dimensional domain, a warm bubble or random temperature accelerate upwards. Griffith et al. [2000] looked into the stability of Titan's atmosphere and found an LCL

to settle into the interior forming a rocky core: Titan's surface should be mostly of light materials Â­ ice geomorphologies like hydroblemes, tidal flats and cliffs. This same photolysis yields a ubiquitous organic haze

Nano Lect 1 Â­ Questions and Keypoints Key Points 1. What is nano technology: a. Very small technology with device in the 1nm to 100nm lots of useful properties Questions 1. Define nanotechnology. Is an nano

Specimens of titanate ceramics containing approximately 10 mass% 238Pu were tested to determine the long-term effects of radiation-induced damage from the ? decay of 239Pu that would have been disposed of in the nuclear-waste repository at Yucca Mountain. These tests provided information on the changes in bulk properties such as dimensions, densities, and chemical durability. Although these materials become amorphous at low doses, the specimens remained physically strong. Even after the radiation-induced swelling saturated, the specimens remained physically intact with no evidence for microcracking. Thus, in combination with results reported previously on similar materials, the material remains a physically viable material for the disposition of surplus weapons-grade Pu.

Laboratory experiments were conducted to verify certain assumptions as to the swelling, chemical durability, and microcracking that might occur in a waste-form ceramic as 239Pu decays. To study to effects of 239Pu decay, 238Pu, a short-lived isotope, was incorporated into a pyrochlore-rich baseline titanate – one that is formulated for pyrochlore as the dominant phase. The self-irradiation with 238Pu provided information on damage to the crystal structures of the phases in the ceramic as well as changes in dimensions, densities, and chemical durability. Overall, the pyrochlore baseline material appears to be a viable material for the immobilization of weapons-ready Pu. The physical and chemical properties of this material are not adversely affected by the material becoming amorphous from radiation-induced damage.

Analysis of a fouled coalescer and pre-filters from Actinide Removal Process/Modular Caustic Side Solvent Extraction Unit (ARP/MCU) operations showed evidence of Ti containing solids. Based on these results a series of tests were planned to examine the extent of Ti leaching from monosodium titanate (MST) and modified monosodium titanate (mMST) in various solutions. The solutions tested included a series of salt solutions with varying free hydroxide concentrations, two sodium hydroxide concentrations, 9 wt % and 15 wt %, nitric and oxalic acid solutions. Overall, the amount of Ti leached from the MST and mMST was much greater in the acid solutions compared to the sodium hydroxide or salt solutions, which is consistent with the expected trend. The leaching data also showed that increasing hydroxide concentration, whether pure NaOH solution used for filter cleaning in ARP or the waste salt solution, increased the amount of Ti leached from both the MST and mMST. For the respective nominal contact times with the MST solids - for filter cleaning or the normal filter operation, the dissolved Ti concentrations are comparable suggesting either cause may contribute to the increased Ti fouling on the MCU coalescers. Tests showed that Ti containing solids could be precipitated from solution after the addition of scrub acid and a decrease in temperature similar to expected in MCU operations. FTIR analysis of these solids showed some similarity to the solids observed on the fouled coalescer and pre-filters. Although only a cursory study, this information suggests that the practice of increasing free hydroxide in feed solutions to MCU as a mitigation to aluminosilicate formation may be offset by the impact of formation of Ti solids in the overall process. Additional consideration of this finding from MCU and SWPF operation is warranted.

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With the help of sol–gel method assisted by melting salt, a series of Ho–Zr–O nano-composite with controllable composition and defects have been successfully prepared. Characterization results show that the positions, intensity, and width of the X-ray diffraction peaks of the products have a regular variation with the increase of zirconium element which implies the gradual changes of crystal spacing and product size. At the same time, the molar ratios between holmium and zirconium ions are consistent with the chemical formula and both of them are uniformly distributed in products further showing the perfect formation of targeted materials. Optical properties reveal that diversified defect forms of Ho–Zr–O nano-composite lead to the different absorptions of visible light. Photocatalytic experiments demonstrate Zr{sub 0.8}Ho{sub 0.2}O{sub 2??} nano-crystals have excellent visible-light-responsive photocatalytic activities on some familiar dyes (e.g.: methylene blue and Rhodamine B) which results from the special defect structure, better absorption of visible light and larger specific surface area. It follows that Zr{sub 0.8}Ho{sub 0.2}O{sub 2??} nano-crystals are a new kind of visible-light-responsive photocatalysts with better prospects in conversion and utilization of solar energy. Also, the present melting salt assisted route might be generalized to synthesize other AxByOz composite oxide nano-crystals with more complicated structures. - Highlights: • Ho–Zr–O nano-composite with controllable composition and defects has been obtained. • Diversified defect forms of products lead to the different visible light absorption. • Zr{sub 0.8}Ho{sub 0.2}O{sub 2??} nano-crystals have excellent photocatalytic activities.

This unit takes students through several introductory lessons designed to gain a better understanding of the 'nano' scale as it relates to the creation of a (dye-sensitized) solar cell (DSSC). The introductory lessons guide students through activities covering volume, surface area and density and exploration of the relationship between these factors. The unit culminates with students building a Gratzel cell, a solar cell employing a layer of nanospheres of TiO2 as the semiconductor and blackberry juice as the light absorber in a non-Si-based solar cell. Students are able to build a small solar cell and test its efficiency.

The use of crystalline silicotitanate (CST) is proposed for an at-tank process to treat High Level Waste at the Savannah River Site. The proposed configuration includes deployment of ion exchange columns suspended in the risers of existing tanks to process salt waste without building a new facility. The CST is available in an engineered form, designated as IE-911-CW, from UOP. Prior data indicates CST has a proclivity to agglomerate from deposits of silica rich compounds present in the alkaline waste solutions. This report documents the prior literature and provides guidance for the design and operations that include CST to mitigate that risk. The proposed operation will also add monosodium titanate (MST) to the supernate of the tank prior to the ion exchange operation to remove strontium and select alpha-emitting actinides. The cesium loaded CST is ground and then passed forward to the sludge washing tank as feed to the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). Similarly, the MST will be transferred to the sludge washing tank. Sludge processing includes the potential to leach aluminum from the solids at elevated temperature (e.g., 65 C) using concentrated (3M) sodium hydroxide solutions. Prior literature indicates that both CST and MST will agglomerate and form higher yield stress slurries with exposure to elevated temperatures. This report assessed that data and provides guidance on minimizing the impact of CST and MST on sludge transfer and aluminum leaching sludge.

A magnetic filter for an ion source reduces the production of undesired ion species and improves the ion beam quality. High-energy ionizing electrons are confined by the magnetic filter to an ion source region, where the high-energy electrons ionize gas molecules. One embodiment of the magnetic filter uses permanent magnets oriented to establish a magnetic field transverse to the direction of travel of ions from the ion source region to the ion extraction region. In another embodiment, low energy 16 eV electrons are injected into the ion source to dissociate gas molecules and undesired ion species into desired ion species.

In this paper we outline the main quantum properties of the system of nano-based laser called Dipole Nano-Laser emphasizing mainly on its ability to produce coherent light and for different configurations such as different embedding materials and subjecting it to an external classical electric field.

The beam transport of N{sup +} ion and C{sub 60}{sup +} ion in the Bio-Nano ECRIS with min-B configuration was investigated based on the ion beam profiles. The N{sup +} beam could be focused under the low-beam current conditions. Also the C{sub 60}{sup +} beam could be focused in spite of the large space-charge effect which will lead the divergence of the beam. We confirmed that our beam transport system works well even for the C{sub 60}{sup +} ion beam. We estimated the highest C{sub 60}{sup +} beam current with the focused beam profile by comparing the N{sup +} ion beam.

A method for ion implantation induced embedded particle formation via reduction with the steps of ion implantation with an ion/element that will chemically reduce the chosen substrate material, implantation of the ion/element to a sufficient concentration and at a sufficient energy for particle formation, and control of the temperature of the substrate during implantation. A preferred embodiment includes the formation of particles which are nano-dimensional (<100 m-n in size). The phase of the particles may be affected by control of the substrate temperature during and/or after the ion implantation process.

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The production and use of silicon microcolumn arrays that harvest light from a laser pulse to produce ions are described. The systems of the present invention seem to behave like a quasi-periodic antenna array with ion yields that show profound dependence on the plane of laser light polarization and the angle of incidence. By providing photonic ion sources, this enables enhanced control of ion production on a micro/nano scale and direct integration with miniaturized analytical devices.

The production and use of silicon microcolumn arrays that harvest light from a laser pulse to produce ions are described. The systems of the present invention seem to behave like a quasi-periodic antenna array with ion yields that show profound dependence on the plane of laser light polarization and the angle of incidence. By providing photonic ion sources, this enables enhanced control of ion production on a micro/nano scale and direct integration with miniaturized analytical devices.

Heat treatments at 1300 degrees C, 1400 degrees C, 1500 degrees C, and 1600 degrees C in Ar were found to produce nanoscale precipitates in hot-pressed silicon carbide containing aluminum, boron, and carbon sintering additives (ABC-SiC). The precipitates were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nano-probe energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (nEDS). The precipitates were plate-like in shape, with a thickness, length and separation of only a few nanometers, and their size coarsened with increasing annealing temperature, accompanied by reduced number density. The distribution of the precipitates was uniform inside the SiC grains, but depleted zones were observed in the vicinity of the SiC grain boundaries. A coherent orientation relationship between the precipitates and the SiC matrix was found. Combined high-resolution electron microscopy, computer simulation, and nEDS identified an Al4C3-based structure and composition for the nano-precipitates. Most Al ions in SiC lattice exsolved as precipitates during the annealing at 1400 to 1500 degrees C. Formation mechanism and possible influences of the nanoscale precipitates on mechanical properties are discussed.

Abstract Many kinds of attractive new applications, such as image sensors, stationary X-ray sources, and the column-less SEM, are investigated as post field emission displays that use a gated nano electron source. The fabrication of the gated nano electron source is overviewed from the conventional method to the latest one, especially in regarding to the gate formation process. Multi-stacked gate electrode formation using an etch-back method was developed recently, which is a very attractive method for generating a focused electron beam. The traditional Spindt-type emitter fabrication method is also being improved to the one that is easier and applicable to large area substrates. Using a double-layered photoresist as a lift-off layer and using HiPIMS sputtering instead of an e-beam evaporator was proposed. Thin film-type FEA fabrication is also improved to make vertically standing thin film by ion irradiation, which is applicable for making an emitter array on a large sized substrate.

......On the Phase Transition of Barium...ment of Ti ions Y2" in the...correspond to the transition points from a tetragonal phase to cubic and orthorhombic phases respectively...shift of Ti IOns due to the...This transition point -4......

Abstract Since more than 40% of today’s drugs have low stability, poor solubility and/or limited ability to cross certain biological barriers, new platform technologies are required to address these challenges. This paper describes a novel continuous process that converts a stabilized aqueous nano-suspension into a solid oral formulation in a single step (i.e., the NANEX process) in order to improve the solubility of a model drug (phenytoin). Phenytoin nano-suspensions were prepared via media milling using different stabilizers. A stable nano-suspension was obtained using Tween® 80 as a stabilizer. The matrix material (Soluplus®) was gravimetrically fed into the hot melt extruder. The suspension was introduced through a side feeding device and mixed with the molten polymer to immediately devolatilize the water in the nano-suspension. Phenytoin nano-crystals were dispersed and embedded in the molten polymer. Investigation of the nano-extrudates via transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy showed that the nano-crystals were embedded de-aggregated in the extrudates. Furthermore, no changes in the crystallinity (due to the mechanical and thermal stress) occurred. The dissolution studies confirmed that the prepared nano-extrudates increased the solubility of nano-crystalline phenytoin, regardless of the polymer. Our work demonstrates that NANEX represents a promising new platform technology in the design of novel drug delivery systems to improve drug performance.

Abstract Aluminium doped lithium lanthanum titanate (A-LLTO) powders with various excess Li2O content are synthesized using a simple citrate gel method. The obtained A-LLTO powders show an agglomerated form, composed of nano-sized particles of 20–50 nm. The morphology and conductivity of the A-LLTO ceramics are largely affected by the content of excess Li2O. The highest total ionic conductivity of 3.17 × 10?4 S cm?1 is achieved for the A-LLTO sample containing 20% excess Li2O, exhibiting a vacancy content of 6%, and a total activation energy of 0.358 eV. The A-LLTO can act as a membrane to protect lithium metal from oxygen and other contaminants diffused through the oxygen electrode part. The Li–O2 cell employing the A-LLTO solid electrolyte shows a good cycle life of longer than 100 discharge-charge cycles, under the constant capacity mode of 300 mAh g?1.

The effect of nano-structured surfaces on pool boiling heat transfer is explored in this study. Experiments are conducted in a cubical test chamber containing fluoroinert coolant (PF5060, Manufacturer: 3M Co.) as the working fluid. Pool boiling...

The development of an Autonomous Nano-stepping Tool (ANT) system is presented. Each ANT is a small, tripodal, robotic instrument capable of untethered precision motion within a quasi-three-dimensional workspace of arbitrary ...

Building on the idea of using DNA to link up nanoparticles scientists at Brookhaven National Lab have designed a molecular assembly line for high-precision nano-construction. Nanofabrication is essential for exploiting the unique properties of nanoparticl

An analysis was carried out on the process of Supramolecular Nano-Stamping (SuNS) in order to determine whether or not the science involved has market potential in the DNA microarray industry. This industry is rapidly ...

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A lipid bilayer on a nano-template comprising a nanotube or nanowire and a lipid bilayer around the nanotube or nanowire. One embodiment provides a method of fabricating a lipid bilayer on a nano-template comprising the steps of providing a nanotube or nanowire and forming a lipid bilayer around the polymer cushion. One embodiment provides a protein pore in the lipid bilayer. In one embodiment the protein pore is sensitive to specific agents

to a successful mission. Micro- and nanotechnology can play a significant role in upcoming landed missions to Mars, Europa, Titan, and icy bodies, such as comets and asteroids, not only to make current capabilities more

Reactive Ion Etching Reactive Ion Etching Photo of the Week: Reactive Ion Etching October 17, 2013 - 1:26pm Addthis Have you ever heard of Laue lenses? These multilayer lenses are used to focus high-intensity x-ray beams to show the details of nano material structures. In this photo, the drop-like domes were carved through a process called reactive ion etching, which produced the striped bubbles you see in the Laue lens. The prototype in this image helped scientists perfect the process of creating lenses so precise that scientists are able to focus x-rays to within a single nanometer. | Photo courtesy of Brookhaven National Laboratory. Have you ever heard of Laue lenses? These multilayer lenses are used to focus high-intensity x-ray beams to show the details of nano material

This is the second of two papers on the results of radiation-induced damage accumulation in titanate ceramics that potentially could be used for weapons grade plutonium disposition. In the first paper we discussed the results from pyrochlore (betafite) based ceramics. In this paper, we discuss the effects of radiation-induced damage on the density and crystal structure of a nominally phase-pure zirconolite and two other zirconolite-bearing ceramics from the alpha decay of 238Pu. Macro (bulk) and micro (X-ray diffraction) swelling were found to be temperature independent, whereas the density determined with He gas pycnometry was temperature dependent. It took approximately 740 days (2.6?1018 ?/g) for the specimens to become X-ray amorphous—longer for the swelling to saturate. Unlike what we observed for the pyrochlore-based ceramics, we did not observe any phase changes associated with storage temperature and damage ingrowth. The forward dissolution rate at a pH value of 2 for material containing essentially all zirconolite is 1.7(4)?10-3 g/(m2?d). Very little pH dependence was observed for zirconolite specimens and, like we observed for the pyrochlore-bearing ceramics in this study, there was no dependence on the amount of radiation-induced damage. As with the pyrochlore, these materials did not become substantially friable with increasing radiation-induced damage. Even after the radiation-induced swelling saturated, the specimens remained physically intact with no evidence for microcracking. Thus, the material remains physically a viable material for the disposition of surplus weapons-grade Pu.

We propose an experimental scheme to realize a nano heat engine with a single ion. An Otto cycle may be implemented by confining the ion in a linear Paul trap with tapered geometry and coupling it to engineered laser reservoirs. The quantum efficiency at maximum power is analytically determined in various regimes. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations of the engine are performed that demonstrate its feasibility and its ability to operate at maximum efficiency of 30% under realistic conditions.

Cold as Ice - Using Titan to Build More Cold as Ice - Using Titan to Build More Efficient Wind Turbines Photo of the Week: Cold as Ice - Using Titan to Build More Efficient Wind Turbines January 10, 2014 - 2:53pm Addthis Wind energy is one of the world's fast-growing energy sources -- and many of the regions that could benefit from wind energy happen to be in cold climates. Since 2005, scientists at GE Global Research have been researching, developing and testing materials in freezing conditions. By developing more efficient materials for wind turbines, researchers can increase turbine efficiency and reduce potential downtime for wind turbines in cold climates. The teams use Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Titan, the world's most powerful supercomputer, to simulate hundreds of water droplets as they freeze, with each droplet containing one million molecules. By simulating and studying how water freezes on a molecular level, scientists are gaining an understanding of how ice forms, which will help them design better, more efficient materials for these colder climates. Pictured here is an illustration of a single water droplet, filled with molecules freezing in slow motion. Learn more about their research here. | Photo/visualization courtesy of M. Matheson, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Titan is one of the primary scientific objectives of the NASA ESA ASI Cassini Huygens mission. Scattering by haze particles in Titan's atmosphere and numerous methane absorptions dramatically veil Titan's surface in the visible range, though it can be studied more easily in some narrow infrared windows. The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument onboard the Cassini spacecraft successfully imaged its surface in the atmospheric windows, taking hyperspectral images in the range 0.4 5.2 ?m. On 26 October (TA flyby) and 13 December 2004 (TB flyby), the Cassini Huygens mission flew over Titan at an altitude lower than 1200 km at closest approach. We report here on the analysis of VIMS images of the Huygens landing site acquired at TA and TB, with a spatial resolution ranging from 16 to14.4 km/pixel. The pure atmospheric backscattering component is corrected by using both an empirical method and a first-order theoretical model. Both approaches provide consistent results. After the removal of scat...

-to-pole Hadley cell indicated for Titan by GCMs [e.g., Tokano et al., 1999] is in all probability a purely statistical flow, like the Hadley circulation of the Earth. The Hadley circulation is a statistical flow branch of the Hadley circulation, the air is subsiding and only in a few plumes is there upward motion

This study consisted of a statistically designed set of tests to determine the extent and rate of adsorption of strontium, plutonium, uranium, and neptunium as a function of temperature, monosodium titanate (MST) concentration, and concentrations of sodium, strontium, plutonium, uranium, and neptunium.

of interest for Titan: liquid methane, liquid mixture of methane-ethane, water ice and light hydrocarbon ices. This chemistry results in the production of a great diversity of hydrocarbons and nitriles in the stratosphere-visible-NIR wavelengths. It is also possible that lighter hydrocarbons or nitriles diffuse downwards and condense

This paper deals with the contribution of nano-materials to the contemporary pyrotechnics science. The breakthroughs in this domain are illustrated by several examples of energetic nano-materials recently studied in our laboratory. The solidification of energetic phases in a porous matrix (Cr2O3) was used to prepare and to stabilize at nano-scale explosive particles. The thermo-chemical behaviour of RDX nano-particles strongly differs from the one of micron-sized RDX. For instance, the temperature at which the decomposition occurs is significantly lowered and the melting point is removed. The effect of the decomposition of RDX nano-particles on the matrix in which they are trapped was observed for the first time by the atomic force microscopy. The Cr2O3/RDX nano-composite materials were mixed with aluminium nano-particles in order to formulate gas-generating nano-thermites (GGNT). The combustion of GGNT involves a synergy mechanism in which the decomposition of RDX nano-particles fragments the Cr2O3 matrix and primes the thermite reaction. “Classical” nano-thermites were obtained by mixing nano-particles (diameter <100 nm) of metallic oxides (WO3) with a reducing metal (Al). These materials were used to demonstrate that nano-particles (i) significantly lower the ignition delay time and (ii) remarkably increase the combustion rate. Finally, pure RDX nano-particles are prepared by a continuous process of crystallization.

??The UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) funded Meeting the Design Challenges of nanoCMOS Electronics (nanoCMOS) is developing a research infrastructure for collaborative… (more)

graphite planer substrate; the result corresponds well with previous simulation work. Adsorption of both noble gas and water onto a single spherical nano particle and aggregates of spherical nano particles has been computed with the developed equation...

Sample records for ion nano titanate from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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metals for enhanced surface properties. A micro- and nano- scale experimental approach has been used to achieve these objectives. Novel principles of nano technology are incorporated into the experiments. Friction has the potential to generate sufficient...

Nanopillar arrays with InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-disks (MQDs) are fabricated by focused-ion-beam milling with surface damage layer removed by KOH wet etching. Nano-light-emitting diodes (Nano-LEDs) made of the InGaN/GaN MQD nanopillars are found to have 19.49% less output power than that of a conventional LED. The reasons are analyzed in detail and considering their current-voltage and electroluminescence characteristics, internal quantum efficiency, external quantum efficiency, light extraction, and wall-plug efficiency. Our results suggest that nanopillar-LED can outperform if the density can be increased to 2.81?×?10{sup 9}?cm{sup ?2} with the size unchanged or the size can be increased to 854.4?nm with the density unchanged.

534 3D nano-structures for laser nano-manipulation Gediminas Seniutinas1,2, Lorenzo Rosa*1-Institut. License and terms: see end of document. Abstract The resputtering of gold films from nano-holes defined of the nano-holes. The extraordinary transmission through the patterns of such nano-wells was investigated

We develop a dynamical theory of heat transfer between two nano systems. In particular, we consider the resonant heat transfer between two nanoparticles due to the coupling of localized surface modes having a finite spectral width. We model the coupled nanosystem by two coupled quantum mechanical oscillators, each interacting with its own heat bath, and obtain a master equation for the dynamics of heat transfer. The damping rates in the master equation are related to the lifetimes of localized plasmons in the nanoparticles. We study the dynamics towards the steady state and establish connection with the standard theory of heat transfer in steady state. For strongly coupled nano particles we predict Rabi oscillations in the mean occupation number of surface plasmons in each nano particle.

Defects and Faults in Quantum Cellular Automata at Nano Scale Mehdi Baradaran Tahoori, Mariam considerable research on quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) as a new computing scheme in the nano, quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) not only gives a solution at nano scale, but also it offers a new

Nano-scale Sensor Networks for Chemical Catalysis Eisa Zarepour1 Mahbub Hassan1 Chun Tung Chou1- searchers are now investigating the viability of nano-scale sensor networks (NSNs), which are formed natural gas to liquid fuel. Given that reliable wireless communi- cation at nano-scale is at very early

Understanding nano-materials from first principles Leeor Kronik Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of science, Rehovoth 76100 Nano-sized materials often exhibit exciting new traditional solid-state physics models are applicable to the intermediate nano- size range. As a result, first

Sample records for ion nano titanate from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "ion nano titanate" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
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High-energy ion colliders are large research tools in nuclear physics to study the Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP). The range of collision energy and high luminosity are important design and operational considerations. The experiments also expect flexibility with frequent changes in the collision energy, detector fields, and ion species. Ion species range from protons, including polarized protons in RHIC, to heavy nuclei like gold, lead and uranium. Asymmetric collision combinations (e.g. protons against heavy ions) are also essential. For the creation, acceleration, and storage of bright intense ion beams, limits are set by space charge, charge change, and intrabeam scattering effects, as well as beam losses due to a variety of other phenomena. Currently, there are two operating ion colliders, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL, and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN.

A design for a pump is suggested which is based on well-known peristaltic pumps. In order to simply describe the operation of the proposed pump, an innovative interpretation of low Reynolds number swimmers is presented and thereafter a similar theoretical model would be suggested to quantify the behavior of the pumps. A coarse-grained molecular dynamic simulation is used to examine the theoretical predictions and measure the efficiency of the pump in nano scales. It is shown that this pump with a modest design is capable of being a good option for transport processes in nano scale.

The partial pressure of sodium nitrite was measured in the system NaNO2-NaNO3...at temperatures of 798, 823, and 848 K and the logarithm of the NaNO2 pressure was obtained as a function of inverse temperature. Th...

The unique plasma-specific features and physical phenomena in the organization of nanoscale solid-state systems in a broad range of elemental composition, structure, and dimensionality are critically reviewed. These effects lead to the possibility to localize and control energy and matter at nanoscales and to produce self-organized nano-solids with highly unusual and superior properties. A unifying conceptual framework based on the control of production, transport, and self-organization of precursor species is introduced and a variety of plasma-specific non-equilibrium and kinetics-driven phenomena across the many temporal and spatial scales is explained. When the plasma is localized to micrometer and nanometer dimensions, new emergent phenomena arise. The examples range from semiconducting quantum dots and nanowires, chirality control of single-walled carbon nanotubes, ultra-fine manipulation of graphenes, nano-diamond, and organic matter, to nano-plasma effects and nano-plasmas of different states of matter...

5 FOCUS Nanotubes, Nanowires and Nano-electronics Carbon nanotubes are single molecules of carbonNa colleagues are working on both single-walled and multiple- walled nanotubes (layers of cylinders inside each industrial uses. One potential application for single-walled nanotubes is electron emitters for flat

Abstract An efficient process for the conversion of glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was studied in various solvents. Nano-POM/nano-ZrO2/nano-?-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared and characterized by N2 physical adsorption, FTIR, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic techniques. The reaction time, reaction temperature and catalyst reuse cycle toward the reaction performance were investigated in detail. An HMF yield of 60.1% was achieved at 190 °C for 4 h.

11:04am 11:04am Addthis NEWS MEDIA CONTACT (202) 586-4940 WASHINGTON - U.S. Secretary of Energy Steven Chu today announced that Titan, a new supercomputer located at the Energy Department's Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, has been named the world's most powerful according to the TOP500 list of the world's fastest supercomputers. Ten times more powerful than its predecessor, the Jaguar system, Titan will provide unprecedented power to accelerate scientific discoveries using technologies first developed for video game systems like Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. The Department now has five systems out of the fastest 20 in the world, with Sequoia at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California, in second place; Mira at Argonne National Laboratory in

4:37pm 4:37pm Addthis Oak Ridge National Laboratory is home to Titan, the worldÃ¢Â€Â™s most powerful supercomputer for open science with a theoretical peak performance exceeding 20 petaflops (quadrillion calculations per second). That kind of computational capabilityÃ¢Â€Â”almost unimaginableÃ¢Â€Â”is on par with each of the worldÃ¢Â€Â™s 7 billion people being able to carry out 3 million calculations per second. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is home to Titan, the world's most powerful supercomputer for open science with a theoretical peak performance exceeding 20 petaflops (quadrillion calculations per second). That kind of computational capability-almost unimaginable-is on par with each of the world's 7 billion people being able to carry out 3 million calculations

We report an experimental demonstration of thermal tuning of resonance frequency in a planar terahertz metamaterial consisting of a gold split-ring resonator array fabricated on a bulk single crystal strontium titanate (SrTiO3) substrate. Cooling the metamaterial starting from 409 K down to 150 K causes about 50% shift in resonance frequency as compare to its room temperature resonance, and there is very little variation in resonance strength. The resonance shift is due to the temperature-dependent refractive index (or the dielectric constant) of the strontium titanate. The experiment opens up avenues for designing tunable terahertz devices by exploiting the temperature sensitive characteristic of high dielectric constant substrates and complex metal oxide materials.

The Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) introduced the concept of Fine-Grained Routing in 2008 to improve I/O performance between the Jaguar supercomputer and Spider, OLCF s center-wide Lustre file system. Fine-grained routing organizes I/O paths to minimize congestion. Jaguar has since been upgraded to Titan, providing more than a ten-fold improvement in peak performance. To support the center s increased computational capacity and I/O demand, the Spider file system has been replaced with Spider II. Building on the lessons learned from Spider, an improved method for placing LNET routers was developed and implemented for Spider II. The fine-grained routing scripts and configuration have been updated to provide additional optimizations and better match the system setup. This paper presents a brief history of fine-grained routing at OLCF, an introduction to the architectures of Titan and Spider II, methods for placing routers in Titan, and details about the fine-grained routing configuration.

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) measurements were performed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the ATR mode with a thallium iodobromide (KRS-5) crystal to measure the frequencies of the v{sub 3} and v{sub 4} phonon absorption bands in thin Sr titanate films deposited on single-crystal Y-Ba Cu oxide (YBCO), La aluminate, Mg oxide, and Sr titanate substrates. The KRS-5 crystal enabled FTIR-ATR measurements at frequencies above 400 cm{sup -1}. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were also made to further characterize the films. The measurements were repeated on single-crystal specimens of Sr titanate and the substrates for comparison. Softening in the frequency of the v{sub 4} transverse optical phonon in the lattice-mismatched films below the established value of 544 cm{sup -1} is indicative of the highly textured, polycrystalline ceramic nature of the films and is consistent with the XRD and AFM results.

Environment - Nano soil science Environment - Nano soil science Cross-disciplinary research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is yielding new insight into the carbon cycle, contaminated soils and soil fertility. An ORNL team is using a novel combination of neutron reflectometry experiments and supercomputer simulations to provide a detailed view of the interactions between organic matter and minerals in soil. The research suggests that relationships among these compounds are governed by simpler principles than previously thought. "It changes the whole way we think about how carbon, nutrients and contaminants interact with soils, which therefore affects fertility, water quality, and the terrestrial carbon cycle," said ORNL's Loukas Petridis. "We don't understand these topics very well because until now we haven't had the techniques capable

Nano-to-Meter-Scale Building, a Summary Nano-to-Meter-Scale Building, a Summary Speaker(s): Danijel Rebolj Date: December 18, 2009 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Development of the core nanotechnologies and synthetic biology is leading to results that are extremely interesting for production of the buildings on the nano level, thus growing buildings on site from the nano into the meter range. Although areas like nanorobotics, programmable materials, and programmable cells are still considered to be speculative to some extent, their fast development encouraged us to start systematic research of new ways for modeling and construction of buildings using bio-nano-technologies. The main motivation, however, was the recognition that, if designed in a sustainable way, the new ways of nano-to-meter-scale

A method of producing nano-scaled graphene platelets with an average thickness smaller than 30 nm from a layered graphite material. The method comprises (a) forming a carboxylic acid-intercalated graphite compound by an electrochemical reaction; (b) exposing the intercalated graphite compound to a thermal shock to produce exfoliated graphite; and (c) subjecting the exfoliated graphite to a mechanical shearing treatment to produce the nano-scaled graphene platelets. Preferred carboxylic acids are formic acid and acetic acid. The exfoliation step in the instant invention does not involve the evolution of undesirable species, such as NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x, which are common by-products of exfoliating conventional sulfuric or nitric acid-intercalated graphite compounds. The nano-scaled platelets are candidate reinforcement fillers for polymer nanocomposites. Nano-scaled graphene platelets are much lower-cost alternatives to carbon nano-tubes or carbon nano-fibers.

Abstract The advent of nanoparticle \\{DDSs\\} (drug delivery systems, nano-DDSs) is opening new pathways to understanding physiology and pathophysiology at the nanometer scale. A nano-DDS can be used to deliver higher local concentrations of drugs to a target region and magnify therapeutic effects. However, interstitial cells or fibrosis in intractable tumors, as occurs in pancreatic or scirrhous stomach cancer, tend to impede nanoparticle delivery. Thus, it is critical to optimize the type and size of nanoparticles to reach the target. High-resolution 3D imaging provides a means of “seeing” the nanoparticle distribution and therapeutic effects. We introduce the concept of “nano-pathophysiological imaging” as a strategy for theranostics. The strategy consists of selecting an appropriate nano-DDS and rapidly evaluating drug effects in vivo to guide the next round of therapy. In this article we classify nano-DDSs by component carrier materials and present an overview of the significance of nano-pathophysiological MRI.

The superconducting nano-layer coating without insulator layer is studied. The magnetic-field distribution and the forces acting on a vortex are derived. Using the derived forces, the vortex-penetration field and the lower critical magnetic field can be discussed. The vortex-penetration field is identical with the multilayer coating, but the lower critical magnetic field is not. Forces acting on a vortex from the boundary of two superconductors play an important role in evaluations of the free energy.

Sample records for ion nano titanate from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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The anthrax attacks of Fall 2001 highlight the need to develop forensic methods based on multiple identifiers to determine the origin of biological weapons agents. Genetic typing methods (i.e., DNA and RNA-based) provide one attribution technology, but genetic information alone is not usually sufficient to determine the provenance of the material. Non-genetic identifiers, including elemental and isotopic signatures, provide complementary information that can be used to identify the means, geographic location and date of production. Under LDRD funding, we have successfully developed the techniques necessary to perform bioforensic characterization with the NanoSIMS at the individual spore level. We have developed methods for elemental and isotopic characterization at the single spore scale. We have developed methods for analyzing spore sections to map elemental abundance within spores. We have developed rapid focused ion beam (FIB) sectioning techniques for spores to preserve elemental and structural integrity. And we have developed a high-resolution depth profiling method to characterize the elemental distribution in individual spores without sectioning. We used these newly developed methods to study the controls on elemental abundances in spores, characterize the elemental distribution of in spores, and to study elemental uptake by spores. Our work under this LDRD project attracted FBI and DHS funding for applied purposes.

Shale, the sealing formations in most hydrocarbon reservoirs, is made of highly compacted clay particles of sub-micrometer size, nanometric porosity and different mineralogy. In this paper, we propose and validate a technique to identify the nano-mechanical morphology of such a nanocomposite material. In particular, by means of a massive nanoindentation campaign at two different scales on a large range of shale materials, we show that the highly compacted plate- or sheet-like clay particles have a distinct nano-mechanical morphology with no privileged orientation of the particle-to-particle contact surface, as evidenced by a mechanical percolation threshold of ?0 ? 0.5. Furthermore, the nanoindentation results provide strong evidence that the nano-mechanical elementary building block of shales is transversely isotropic in stiffness, and isotropic and frictionless in strength. These observations lead to a sphere-like mechanical morphology for visibly plate- or sheet-like clay particles. The contact forces between the sphere-like particles activate the intrinsicly anisotropic elastic properties within the clay particles and the cohesive bonds between the clay particles. The mechanical stiffness and strength properties of porous clay scale with the clay packing density toward a unique set of shale-invariant material properties. The determination of mechanical microstructure and invariant material properties are of great importance for the development of predictive microporomechanical models of the stiffness and strength properties of shale. The approach presented here also applies to other chemically and mechanically complex materials exhibiting nanogranular behavior.

...applications compiled by Bharat Bhushan Micro-, nano- and hierarchical structures for superhydrophobicity...described. The influence of micro-, nano- and hierarchical structures on superhydrophobicity...lotus leaf. The influence of micro-, nano- and hierarchical structures on superhydrophobicity...

Tecumseh Fitch p.1 Nano-Intentionality Fitch, W. T. (2008). "Nano-intentionality: A defense of the published manuscript; the published version had the heading numbers removed and had several typos.) Nano "nano-intentionality": a microscopic form of "aboutness". The form of intrinsic intentionality I propose

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I report the results of a new set of calculations for the gravitational contraction of the proto-solar cloud to quantify the idea that Titan may be a captured moon of Saturn (Prentice 1981, 1984). It is proposed that Titan initially condensed as a secondary embryo in the same proto-solar gas ring from which the central solid core and gaseous envelope of Saturn were acquired. At the orbit of Saturn, the bulk chemical constituents of the condensate are rock (mass fraction 0.494), water ice (0.474), and graphite (0.032). The mean density is 1523 kg/m^3. Structural models for a frozen Titan yield a mean density of 2095 kg/m^3 (chemically homogeneous case) and 1904 kg/m^3 (fully differentiated 2-zone case). The agreement to one percent of the latter value with the observed mean density suggests that Titan is indeed a fully differentiated satellite. The value of C/MR^2 for this model is 0.316. It is predicted that Titan has no internal ocean or induced magnetic field but it may possess a small native dipole field of magnitude 2 x 10^11 Tesla m^3 due to thermoremanent magnetization fed by the ancient magnetic field of Saturn. Capture of Titan was achieved by gas drag at the edge of the proto-Saturnian envelope at a time when that cloud had a radius close to the present orbital size of Titan. Collisional drag was also probably an important agent in securing the capture of Titan. Perhaps Hyperion is the shattered remnant of a pre-existing native moon of Saturn that was destroyed on the arrival of Titan. Titan should thus have much the same appearance as Triton, being nearly smooth, crater-free and streaked with elemental carbon (Prentice 2004a).

Monosodium titanate (MST) for use in the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) must be qualified and verified in advance. A single qualification sample for each batch of material is sent to SRNL for analysis, as well as a statistical sampling of verification samples. The Harrell Industries Lot #s 46000706120, 46000722120, and 460008081120 qualification and verification samples met each of the selected specification requirements that were tested with the exception of a few pails being marginally below the lower weight percent solids limit. These deviations from the specifications are viewed as negligible since the corresponding density of the slurries indicates no appreciable shortage of MST solids. Therefore, SRNL recommends acceptance and use of these pails.

Highly durable and chemically reactive zinc titanate materials are prepared in a particle size range of 50 to 400 .mu.m suitable for a fluidized-bed reactor for removing reduced sulfur species in a gaseous form by granulating a mixture of fine zinc oxide and titanium oxide with inorganic and organic binders and by optional additions of small amounts of activators such as CoO and MoO.sub.3 ; and then indurating it at 800.degree. to 900.degree. C. for a time sufficient to produce attrition-resistant granules.

PMMA-STO-CNT matrices were created by opened-tip vertically-aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (VA-MWCNTs) with conformal coating of strontium titanate and Poly(methyl methacrylate). Emission threshold of 0.8 V/?m was demonstrated, about five-fold lower than that of the as-grown VAMWCNTs. Theoretical simulation and modeling suggest that PMMA-STO-CNT matrices have suppressed screening effects and Coulombs’ repulsion forces between electrons in adjacent CNTs, leading to low emission threshold, high emission density, and prolong emission stability. These findings are important for practical application of VA-MWCNTs in field emission devices.

): "Resonant Nano-Plasma Theranostics" Contents: i) RESEARCH, ii) PUBLICATIONS iii) PRESENTATIONS: i) RESEARCH Nano-Plasma Theranostics (RNPT) which has been under development since 2004 is based on the precise INTENSE LASERS FOR EFFECTIVE THERANOSTICS", Sultana N. Nahar, proceedings of the 4th international

We investigate spin-wave propagation in a microstructured magnonic-crystal waveguide fabricated by localized ion implantation. The irradiation caused a periodic variation in the saturation magnetization along the waveguide. As a consequence, the spin-wave transmission spectrum exhibits a set of frequency bands, where spin-wave propagation is suppressed. A weak modification of the saturation magnetization by 7% is sufficient to decrease the spin-wave transmission in the band gaps by a factor of 10. These results evidence the applicability of localized ion implantation for the fabrication of efficient micron- and nano-sized magnonic crystals for magnon spintronic applications.

Nobel Metal Catalysts Nobel Metal Catalysts for Hydrocarbon Reforming Opportunity Research is active on the patent pending technology, titled "Nano- Structured Nobel Metal Catalysts Based on Hexametallate Architecture for the Reforming of Hydrocarbon Fuels." This technology is available for licensing and/or further collaborative research from the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory. Overview Methods for generating synthesis gas from hydrocarbon feedstocks routinely involve the use of a catalyst-a material that speeds up the reaction, but itself is not consumed-to make this process economically feasible. Sulfur, higher hydrocarbons, and olefins present a major technical challenge since these components can deactivate conventional

Nano-Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (nano-SQUIDs) are usually fabricated from a single layer of either Nb or Al. We describe here a simple method for fabricating suspended nano-bridges in Nb/Al thin-film bilayers. We use these suspended bridges, which act as Josephson weak links, to fabricate nano-SQUIDs which show critical current oscillations at temperatures up to 1.5?K and magnetic flux densities up to over 20?mT. These nano-SQUIDs exhibit flux modulation depths intermediate between all-Al and all-Nb devices, with some of the desirable characteristics of both. The suspended geometry is attractive for magnetic single nanoparticle measurements.

Cassini/VIMS T85 observations of a solar specular reflection off of Kivu Lacus (87.°4N 241.°1E) provide an empirical transmission spectrum of Titan's atmosphere. Because this observation was acquired from short range (33,000 km), its intensity makes it visible within the 2.0, 2.7, and 2.8 ?m atmospheric windows in addition to the 5 ?m window where all previous specular reflections have been seen. The resulting measurement of the total one-way normal atmospheric optical depth (corresponding to haze scattering plus haze and gas absorption) provides strong empirical constraints on radiative transfer models. Using those models, we find that the total haze column abundance in our observation is 20% higher than the Huygens equatorial value. Ours is the first measurement in the 2-5 ?m wavelength range that probes all the way to the surface in Titan's arctic, where the vast majority of surface liquids are located. The specular technique complements other probes of atmospheric properties such as solar occultations and the direct measurements from Huygens. In breaking the degeneracy between surface and atmospheric absorptions, our measured optical depths will help to drive future calculations of deconvolved surface albedo spectra.

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Several clues indicate that Titan's atmosphere has been depleted in methane during some period of its history, possibly as recently as 0.5-1 billion years ago. It could also happen in the future. Under these conditions, the atmosphere becomes only composed of nitrogen with a range of temperature and pressure allowing liquid or solid nitrogen to condense. Here, we explore these exotic climates throughout Titan's history with a 3D Global Climate Model (GCM) including the nitrogen cycle and the radiative effect of nitrogen clouds. We show that for the last billion years, only small polar nitrogen lakes should have formed. Yet, before 1 Ga, a significant part of the atmosphere could have condensed, forming deep nitrogen polar seas, which could have flowed and flooded the equatorial regions. Alternatively, nitrogen could be frozen on the surface like on Triton, but this would require an initial surface albedo higher than 0.65 at 4 Ga. Such a state could be stable even today if nitrogen ice albedo is higher than th...

Interactions between Lead–Zirconate Titanate, Polyacrylic Acid, and Polyvinyl Butyral in Ethanol and Their Influence on Electrophoretic Deposition Behavior ... Anionic polyelectrolytes, such as a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), are widely used as the dispersants of ceramic powder in aqueous media. ...

The role of thermally-induced internal stresses on the tunability of textured barium strontium) The tunability of highly textured thin films of barium strontium titanate (Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3, BST) is analyzed

in perovskite oxides, an important issue in fuel cells.16 In as- grown SrTiO3, isolated hydrogen forms a bondInfrared absorption of hydrogen-related defects in strontium titanate M. C. Tarun and M. D. Mc 2011) Hydrogen has a significant impact on the structural and electronic properties of metals

Cryogenic silicon etching using SF"6-O"2 at the sub-50 nm scale has been developed for nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) and nano-photonics systems where high aspect ratio trenches are desired. It was found that the SF"6-O"2 chemistry at cryogenic ... Keywords: Electron beam lithography, Nano-imprint lithography, Nano-scale pattern transfer, Nanofabrication, Plasma etching

...2013; Boston, MA Abstract C200: Rapid nano-immunoassay for evaluation of mTOR pathway...phosphorylation states. We have used this novel nano-technology based system to study the...corroborated by the NanoPro assay. This nano-immunoassay was able to reliably quantify...

...4439: A reversibly self-crosslinking nano-carrier system for efficient anticancer...drugs, we developed a stable and efficient nano-carrier drug delivery system based on...efficiently incorporated inside these polymeric nano-carriers. The nano-carriers are stabilized...

We have fabricated and tested two-dimensional arrays of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7??} superconducting quantum interference devices. The arrays contain over 36?000 nano Josephson junctions fabricated from ion irradiation of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7??} through narrow slits in a resist-mask that was patterned with electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching. Measurements of current-biased arrays in magnetic field exhibit large voltage modulations as high as 30?mV.

We propose a novel mechanism for creating a qubit based on a tight knot, that is a nano-quantum wire system so small and so cold as to be quantum coherent with respect to curvature-induced effects. To establish tight knots as legitimate candidates for qubits, we propose an effective curvature-induced potential that produces the two-level system and identify the tunnel coupling between the two local states. We propose also a different design of nano-mechanical qubit based on twisted nano-rods. We describe how both devices can be manipulated. Also we outline possible decoherence channels, detection schemes and experimental setups.

The present invention provides a method of exfoliating a layered material (e.g., transition metal dichalcogenide) to produce nano-scaled platelets having a thickness smaller than 100 nm, typically smaller than 10 nm. The method comprises (a) dispersing particles of a non-graphite laminar compound in a liquid medium containing therein a surfactant or dispersing agent to obtain a stable suspension or slurry; and (b) exposing the suspension or slurry to ultrasonic waves at an energy level for a sufficient length of time to produce separated nano-scaled platelets. The nano-scaled platelets are candidate reinforcement fillers for polymer nanocomposites.

Nano-High: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lecture on the Nano-High: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lecture on the "compassionate instinct" Nano-High: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lecture on the "compassionate instinct" March 23, 2013 10:00AM EDT UC Berkeley campus Nano-High, a program of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, is a series of free Saturday morning talks by internationally recognized leaders in scientific research. The talks are designed for all high school students, regardless of primary academic interest, or year in school. All classroom teachers are welcome. Talks are held on the UC Berkeley Campus, at 10am. Register online at their website. Dacher Keltner March 23, 2013 The Compassionate Instinct: A Darwinian Tale of Survival of the Kindest Contact http://www.lbl.gov/LBL-Programs/nanohigh/index.html

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During the chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) process, a critical step in the manufacture of ultra-large-scale integrated (ULSI) semiconductor devices, undesirable nano-scale scratches are formed on the surfaces being ...

Abstract The fabrication of nanoscale field emitters with gate structures using beam-induced deposition and their field emission properties are described. Nano electron sources can be fabricated by electron-beam-induced deposition without additional processes. The inherent issues of process contamination and the effectiveness of post cleaning using annealing or radical oxygen gas exposure to remove contaminants introduced during beam deposition are also discussed. In addition, coherent electron beams for electron wave interference emitted from a beam-deposited Pt field emitter were investigated by field emission microscopy and field ion microscopy. The interference fringe patterns observed for beam-deposited Pt field emitters were attributed to electron wave interference occurring at two adjacent emission sites on a single Pt nanocrystal.

We describe a technique for fabricating micro- and nano-structures incorporating fluorescent defects in diamond with a positional accuracy in the hundreds of nanometers. Using confocal fluorescence microscopy and focused ion beam (FIB) etching we first locate a suitable defect with respect to registration marks on the diamond surface and then etch a structure using these coordinates. We demonstrate the technique here by etching an 8 micron diameter hemisphere positioned such that a single negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy defect lies at its origin. This type of structure increases the photon collection efficiency by removing refraction and aberration losses at the diamond-air interface. We make a direct comparison of the fluorescence photon count rate before and after fabrication and observe an 8-fold increase due to the presence of the hemisphere.

Features Features 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 News Home | ORNL | News | Features | 2013 SHARE Titan Propels GE Wind Turbine Research into New Territory Simulations of freezing water can help engineers design better blades GE simulated hundreds of water droplets, each including one million molecules. Simulations accelerated at least 200 times over pre-GPU estimates permitting GE to study the nucleation of individual ice molecules.Vizualization by M. Matheson (ORNL) GE simulated hundreds of water droplets, each including one million molecules. Simulations accelerated at least 200 times over pre-GPU estimates permitting GE to study the nucleation of individual ice molecules.Vizualization by M. Matheson (ORNL) (hi-res image) The amount of global electricity supplied by wind, the world's fastest

The Savannah River Site (SRS) is testing several methods for their effectiveness in removing the major radionuclides from the supernate solutions that are stored in the high-level waste tanks at the site. One option is to mix the tank contents (sludge and supernate), in situ, with monosodium titanate (MST) powder to remove 90Sr and transuranics. The sludge and MST would be allowed to settle, and thet reated supernate would then be decanted. The sludge and MST would need to be resuspended later so that the solids could be pumped to the Defense Waste Processing Facility for vitrification. Small-scale tests evaluated the effect of various storage conditions on the rheological properties of the sludge/MST slurry. Laboratory-scale and pilot-scale tests were conducted to determine the mixing requirements for resuspending slurries of sludge simulant and MST, following settleing periods of various lengths.`

Beck's type column on Winkler type foundation is the subject of the present analysis. Instead of the Bernoulli-Euler model describing the rod, two generalized models will be adopted: Eringen non-local model corresponding to nano-rods and viscoelastic model of fractional Kelvin-Voigt type. The analysis shows that for nano-rod, the Herrmann-Smith paradox holds while for viscoelastic rod it does not.

When a useful device is developed, it always requires a mass-production technique to industrialize it. In the era of nano/biotechnology, the development of printing techniques has not followed the speed of the inventions ...

The apparatus and method provide a technique for significantly reducing capacitance effects in detector electrodes arising due to movement of the instrument relative to the item/location being monitored in ion detection based techniques. The capacitance variations are rendered less significant by placing an electrically conducting element between the detector electrodes and the monitored location/item. Improved sensitivity and reduced noise signals arise as a result. The technique also provides apparatus and method suitable for monitoring elongate items which are unsuited to complete enclosure in one go within a chamber. The items are monitored part by part as the pass through the instrument, so increasing the range of items or locations which can be successfully monitored.

A large cloud in the north polar region of Titan was first observed by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) in 2005 and then in 2006. This cloud, confined beyond the latitude 62 Degree-Sign N, is surrounded by a mixture of aerosol and mist probably lying in the low stratosphere and troposphere. Subsequent images of this region of Titan show a gradual vanishing of this cloud which was reported previously. In this paper, we characterize the physical properties of this cloud, haze, and mist as well as their time evolutions. We note several details on the images such as a secondary cloud above the main cloud and latitudes beyond 70 Degree-Sign N. We also show that the cloud disappearance leaves the polar region poorly loaded in aerosols, yielding an annular zone of aerosols between 50 Degree-Sign N and 65 Degree-Sign N. Our analysis suggests that this structure observed by VIMS in the near-IR is an annular structure observed by ISS on board Voyager one Titan year ago in 1980.

Dielectrics' refractive index limits photonics miniaturization. By coupling light to metal's free electrons, plasmonic devices achieve deeper localization, which scales with the device geometric size. However, when localization approaches the skin depth, energy shifts from the dielectric into the metal, hindering active modulation. Here we propose a nano-electromechanical phase modulation principle exploiting the extraordinarily strong dependence of the phase velocity of metal-insulator-metal(MIM) gap plasmons on dynamically variable gap size. We demonstrate a 23 {\\mu}m long non-resonant modulator having 1.5 {\\pi} rad range with 1.7 dB excess loss at 780 nm. Analysis shows an ultracompact 1 {\\mu}m$^{2}$ footprint {\\pi} rad phase modulator can be realized, more than an order of magnitude smaller than any previously shown. Remarkably, this size reduction is achieved without incurring extra loss, since the nanobeam-plasmon coupling strength increases at a similar rate as the loss. Such small, high density electr...

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Dear Colleagues It is a great pleasure to welcome you to NanoStruc2012 at Cranfield University. The purpose of the 2012 International Conference on Structural Nano Composites (NanoStruc2012) is to promote activities in various areas of materials and structures by providing a forum for exchange of ideas, presentation of technical achievements and discussion of future directions. NanoStruc brings together an international community of experts to discuss the state-of-the-art, new research results, perspectives of future developments, and innovative applications relevant to structural materials, engineering structures, nanocomposites, modelling and simulations, and their related application areas. The conference is split in 7 panel sessions, Metallic Nanocomposites and Coatings, Silica based Nanocomposites, safty of Nanomaterials, Carboin based Nanocomposites, Multscale Modelling, Bio materials and Application of Nanomaterials. All accepted Papers will be published in the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), and included in the NanoStruc online digital library. The abstracts will be indexed in Scopus, Compedex, Inspec, INIS (International Nuclear Information System), Chemical Abstracts, NASA Astrophysics Data System and Polymer Library. Before ending this message, I would like to acknowledge the hard work, professional skills and efficiency of the team which ensured the general organisation. As a conclusion, I would like to Welcome you to the Nanostruc2012 and wish you a stimulating Conference and a wonderful time. On behalf of the scientific committee, James Njuguna Conference Chair The PDF of this preface also contains committee listings and associates logos.

Nano-cavity photothermal spectroscopy is a novel technique for ultra-sensitive chem-bio detection. We illustrate that through simultaneous localization of optical and thermal interactions in a planar nano-cavity, detection ...

Nano-DESI Source for OA Samples Analyses. EMSL Research and Capability Development Proposals Electrospray Ionization (nano-DESI) method developed as part of this project and other atmospheric ionization

This dissertation contains two different research topics. One is a ‘Nano Scale Device for Plasmonic Nanolithography – Optical Antenna’ and the other is a ‘Nano Scale Device for Rapid Sensing of Bacteria – SEPTIC’. Since these two different research...

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Micro/Nano Hydro Micro/Nano Hydro Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Micro/Nano Hydro A very small type of hydroelectric power conversion, created by harnessing free-flowing water.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Micro hydro is a type of hydroelectric power that typically produce up to 100 kW of electricity using the natural flow of water. These installations can provide power to an isolated home or small community, or are sometimes connected to electric power networks. There are many of these installations around the world, particularly in developing nations as they can provide an economical source of energy without the purchase of fuel. Micro hydro systems complement photovoltaic solar energy systems because in many areas, water flow, and thus available hydro power, is highest in the

Theoretical analysis of a suspended nano-mechanical membrane subject to an optical driving field in cavity optomechanics is presented, which is confirmed through numerical simulations. In the presence of an optical field between its mirrors a high finesse nano-mechanical resonator acts as an oscillator driven by radiation pressure force. The periodic nature of the radiation pressure force makes the nano-mechanical membrane in the optomechanical system as kicked harmonic oscillator. Mathematically the physical system displays a stochastic web map that helps to understand several properties of the kicked membrane in classical phase space. We find that our web map is area preserving, and displays quasi-periodic symmetrical structures in phase space which we express as q-fold symmetry. It is shown that under appropriate control of certain parameters, namely the frequency ratio (q) and the kicking strength (K), the dynamics of kicked membrane exhibits chaotic dynamics. We provide the stability analysis by means of...

...photo-immunotherapy (PIT) can accommodate massive nano-sized reagents deep into tumors. Hisataka...permeability leading to 12- to 25-fold enhanced nano-particle delivery into cancer tissue...EPR). Of particular interest is that nano-sized reagents including macromolecules...

...research-article Research articles 1004 25 27 131 Nano-mechanical properties of individual mineralized...phenomenological model is used to describe the fibril nano-mechanical behaviour. biomechanics...materials. Bone is structurally a composite as nano-fibres of CFs act as a template for the...

...research-article Research articles 1004 23 Nano-Ag-loaded hydroxyapatite coatings on...functions. The uniform distribution of nano-sized Ag in the coatings is one of the...plays an important role in the formation of nano-sized Ag [41]. Otherwise, only large...

Nano-structured vanadium: processing and mechanical properties under quasi-static and dynamic form 16 September 2003; accepted 9 October 2003 Abstract We have processed fully dense, nano that the grain size of the consolidated V is around 100 nm. Mechanical properties of the nano-structured V were

Hysteresis Modeling and Inverse Feedforward Control of an AFM Piezoelectric Scanner Based on Nano of micro/nano technology. As a critical part of AFM system, the piezoelectric scanner exists many defects in this paper possess a good performance for AFM nano imaging. Index Terms-- Hysteresis modeling, feedforward

Fabrication of nano-structural arrays by channeling pulsed atomic beams through an intensity-dimensional nano-structure arrays by passing a pulsed atomic beam through an intensity-modulated continuous of ``cooling'' along the longitudinal direction. This enables fabrication of vertically heterogeneous nano

The Hebrew University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology UHUJ Nano-Art Annual Conference of art based on nanotechnology. Prizes will be awarded to top three selected works. Nano-Art features nanolandscapes, natural or manmade structures of matter at the nano scale, e.g., molecular and atomic scales

The Hebrew University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology UHUJ Nano-Art Annual Conference of works of art based on nanotechnology. Prizes will be awarded to top three selected works. Nano-Art features nanolandscapes, natural or manmade structures of matter at the nano (sub- micro) scale, e

PERSPECTIVES Nano-to-Microscale Mechanical Switches and Fuses Mediate Adhesive Contacts between to their molecular origins. The present work focuses on nano-to-microscale regulatory aspects that mediate and that they had to be primarily mechanical. Accordingly, our experimental approach was to study in vitro the nano

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Nano-mineralogy studies by advanced electron microscopy Chi Ma and George R. Rossman Division and planetary materials easier and faster down to nano-scales. Small but new minerals with important geological significance are being discovered. Nano-features are being discovered in many common minerals and gems, which

The present invention relates generally to the field of nanotechnology, carbon nanotubes and, more specifically, to a method and system for nano-pumping media through carbon nanotubes. One preferred embodiment of the invention generally comprises: method for nano-pumping, comprising the following steps: providing one or more media; providing one or more carbon nanotubes, the one or more nanotubes having a first end and a second end, wherein said first end of one or more nanotubes is in contact with the media; and creating surface waves on the carbon nanotubes, wherein at least a portion of the media is pumped through the nanotube.

Ion sources for ion implantation are introduced. The technique is applied not only to large scale integration (LSI) devices but also to flat panel display. For LSI fabrication, ion source scheduled maintenance cycle is most important. For CMOS image sensor devices, metal contamination at implanted wafer is most important. On the other hand, to fabricate miniaturized devices, cluster ion implantation has been proposed to make shallow PN junction. While for power devices such as silicon carbide, aluminum ion is required. For doping processes of LCD fabrication, a large ion source is required. The extraction area is about 150 cm × 10 cm, and the beam uniformity is important as well as the total target beam current.

Uptake of Toxic Metal Ions from Water by Naked and Monolayer Protected Silver Nanoparticles: An X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Investigation ... Several other remedial measures including nano zerovalent iron (nzvi) has been proposed. ... Although several studies have investigated gold from the perspective of heavy metal remediation, investigations to such depth have not happened with silver. ...

Ion traps offer the opportunity to study fundamental quantum systems with high level of accuracy highly decoupled from the environment. Individual atomic ions can be controlled and manipulated with electric fields, cooled to the ground state of motion with laser cooling and coherently manipulated using optical and microwave radiation. Microfabricated ion traps hold the advantage of allowing for smaller trap dimensions and better scalability towards large ion trap arrays also making them a vital ingredient for next generation quantum technologies. Here we provide an introduction into the principles and operation of microfabricated ion traps. We show an overview of material and electrical considerations which are vital for the design of such trap structures. We provide guidance in how to choose the appropriate fabrication design, consider different methods for the fabrication of microfabricated ion traps and discuss previously realized structures. We also discuss the phenomenon of anomalous heating of ions within ion traps, which becomes an important factor in the miniaturization of ion traps.

Electron beam ion sources (EBISs) are ion sources that work based on the principle of electron impact ionization, allowing the production of very highly charged ions. The ions produced can be extracted as a DC ion beam as well as ion pulses of different time structures. In comparison to most of the other known ion sources, EBISs feature ion beams with very good beam emittances and a low energy spread. Furthermore, EBISs are excellent sources of photons (X-rays, ultraviolet, extreme ultraviolet, visible light) from highly charged ions. This chapter gives an overview of EBIS physics, the principle of operation, and the known technical solutions. Using examples, the performance of EBISs as well as their applications in various fields of basic research, technology and medicine are discussed.

We investigate strontium titanate as a model waste form for 90Sr. Implantation with O+ and Zr+ ions, followed by annealing at 1423 K, was performed to simulate 90Sr to 90Zr decays. At low Zr concentrations, we observe formation of a ZrO-Sr superlattice structure. Ab initio calculations indicate that this atomic configuration is energetically favorable. At higher Zr concentrations, we observe precipitates of ZrO2 with a coherently strained interface, or a monolayer of disordered interfacial structure. Potential candidacy of 90SrTiO3 as a waste form for permanent disposal of 90Sr is discussed.

NANO REVIEW Open Access Thermal conductivity and thermal boundary resistance of nanostructures and the thermal transport prop- erties is a key point to design materials with preferred thermal properties with the heat dissipation on them. The influence of the interfacial roughness on the thermal conductivity

#12;NANO-SCALE CALORIMETRY OF ISOLATED POLYETHYLENE SINGLE CRYSTALS BY ALEX TAN KWAN B.S., Stanford) device, the nanocalorimeter, it was possible to investigate the melting of isolated polyethylene (PE, a simple Ni-foil calorimeter, to measure the heat capacity of a thin polyethylene film to verify

NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY Distinguished NanoScience Fellowship Application Students should submit this form to the Nanoscience Fellowship Committee by the applicant advisor. Attach a brief summary of your performed and proposed research in nanoscience, together with a resume or curriculum vitae (if

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Materials for cutting tools and dies must have high hardness, high toughness, and high wear/erosion resistance. Tungsten carbide (WC) has been well known for its exceptional hardness and wear/erosion resistance. However, its low toughness causes brittle fracture. Addition of ductile metals, such as cobalt, can improve its toughness. To obtain the optimum results, WC has to be evenly distributed in a continuous cobalt matrix, which has been a technical challenge at high WC contents (94--97wt%). It is also well established that toughness of ceramic materials can be increased remarkably, without sacrificing hardness, by reducing the grain size. Significant improvement of microhardness has been observed in nano-sized composites over micron-sized materials. In the current investigation, nano-sized WC particles, synthesized by carburizing tungstic acid powders, are first coated with Co compound individually and uniformly by a solution precipitation process. The coated WC powders are then processed in H{sub 2} to obtain individually Co coated nano particles, which are subsequently consolidated by various techniques emphasizing short ({approximately} minutes) exposure times at high temperature. This paper will present some of their experiences and will also highlight some of the basic problems associated with synthesis and consolidation of nano particles.

In this presentation are discussed some problems, relevant with application of information technologies in nano-scale systems and devices. Some methods already developed in quantum information technologies may be very useful here. Here are considered two illustrative models: representation of data by quantum bits and transfer of signals in quantum wires.

A novel brush-like electrode based on carbon nanotube (CNT) nano-yarn fiber has been designed for electrochemical biosensor applications and its efficacy as an enzymatic glucose biosensor demonstrated. The CNT nano-yarn fiber was spun directly from a chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) gas flow reaction using a mixture of ethanol and acetone as the carbon source and an iron nano-catalyst. The fiber, 28 µm in diameter, was made of bundles of double walled CNTs (DWNTs) concentrically compacted into multiple layers forming a nano-porous network structure. Cyclic voltammetry study revealed a superior electrocatalytic activity for CNT fiber compared to the traditional Pt–Ir coil electrode. The electrode end tip of the CNT fiber was freeze-fractured to obtain a unique brush-like nano-structure resembling a scale-down electrical 'flex', where glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme was immobilized using glutaraldehyde crosslinking in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). An outer epoxy-polyurethane (EPU) layer was used as semi-permeable membrane. The sensor function was tested against a standard reference electrode. The sensitivities, linear detection range and linearity for detecting glucose for the miniature CNT fiber electrode were better than that reported for a Pt–Ir coil electrode. Thermal annealing of the CNT fiber at 250?°C for 30 min prior to fabrication of the sensor resulted in a 7.5 fold increase in glucose sensitivity. The as-spun CNT fiber based glucose biosensor was shown to be stable for up to 70 days. In addition, gold coating of the electrode connecting end of the CNT fiber resulted in extending the glucose detection limit to 25 µM. To conclude, superior efficiency of CNT fiber for glucose biosensing was demonstrated compared to a traditional Pt–Ir sensor.

A series of tests were planned to examine the removal of Ra and Th by monosodium titanate (MST) and modified monosodium titanate (mMST). Simulated waste solutions were prepared containing Ra and Th, along with Sr, Np, Pu, and U. Following simulant preparation the simulants were filtered through 0.45-m filters. Analysis of the simulants indicated no Th in the filtered solution. This is due to the very low solubility of Th in alkaline solutions. Based on the reported detection limits for {sup 228}Th by gamma analyses, the solubility of Th in the simulant solutions is < 3.0E-10 g/L or < 1.3E-12 M. Therefore, data could not be obtained regarding the removal of Th by MST and mMST; however, testing proceeded to examine the removal of Ra. Sorption testing indicated that Ra, like Sr, is very rapidly removed from solution by both MST and mMST. The Ra concentration in solution fell below the method detection limit (MDL) within 30 minutes of contact with MST, and within 2 hours of contact with mMST, when tested at 25 C using a 5.6 M Na simulant. Additional testing examined the effects of ionic strength and temperature on the MST and mMST performance. Results from these tests showed that the majority of samples still reached a Ra concentration below the MDL, indicating excellent removal. For the highest ionic strength solution (6.6 M Na), there did appear to be a slight decrease in the Ra removal by mMST, as indicated by a larger number of samples just above the MDL. The effect of temperature on {sup 226}Ra removal is indeterminate for either MST or mMST in the temperature range (25-60 C) and concentrations studied since the final soluble concentration of Ra remained at or below the detection limits for all tests. Desorption testing was also performed using decontaminated salt solution (DSS) diluted to sodium concentrations of 2 M and 0.5 M, to represent the intermediate and final stages of washing. Results from these tests indicated no desorption of any sorbents, with the exception of Pu from mMST, which desorbed slightly (0.02%). Rather, the testing showed additional sorption of sorbates, likely due to the higher sorbent concentrations in these tests compared to the concentrations used for loading (i.e. 13 g/L vs. 0.4 g/L). SRNL recommends additional testing to confirm the low solubility of Th in a range of simulants representing SRS HLW. We also recommend additional sorption testing with simulants containing a higher concentration of {sup 226}Ra, to allow for the determination of actual DF values, rather than the minimum DF values reported here.

Ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate [Pb(Zr{sub x}Ti{sub 1-x}O){sub 3}, (PZT x:1-x)] has received considerable interest for applications related to uncooled infrared devices due to its large pyroelectric figures of merit near room temperature, and the fact that such devices are inherently ac coupled, allowing for simplified image post processing. For ferroelectric films made by industry-standard deposition techniques, stresses develop in the PZT layer upon cooling from the processing/growth temperature due to thermal mismatch between the film and the substrate. In this study, we use a non-linear thermodynamic model to investigate the pyroelectric properties of polycrystalline PZT thin films for five different compositions (PZT 40:60, PZT 30:70, PZT 20:80, PZT 10:90, PZT 0:100) on silicon as a function of processing temperature (25–800?°C). It is shown that the in-plane thermal stresses in PZT thin films alter the out-of-plane polarization and the ferroelectric phase transformation temperature, with profound effect on the pyroelectric properties. PZT 30:70 is found to have the largest pyroelectric coefficient (0.042??C cm{sup ?2}?°C{sup ?1}, comparable to bulk values) at a growth temperature of 550?°C; typical to what is currently used for many deposition processes. Our results indicate that it is possible to optimize the pyroelectric response of PZT thin films by adjusting the Ti composition and the processing temperature, thereby, enabling the tailoring of material properties for optimization relative to a specific deposition process.

NanoSIMS is a powerful analytical technique for investigating element distributions at the nanometer scale, but quantifying elemental abundances requires appropriate standards, which are not readily available for biological materials. Standards for trace element analyses have been extensively developed for secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in the semiconductor industry and in the geological sciences. The three primary approaches for generating standards for SIMS are: (1) ion implantation (2) using previously characterized natural materials, and (3) preparing synthetic substances. Ion implantation is a reliable method for generating trace element standards, but it is expensive, which limits investigation of the analytical issues discussed above. It also requires low background levels of the elements of interest. Finding or making standard materials has the potential to provide more flexibility than ion implantation, but realizing homogeneity at the nano-scale is in itself a significant challenge. In this study, we experiment with all three approaches, but with an emphasis toward synthetic organic polymers in order to reduce costs, increase flexibility, and achieve a wide dynamic concentration range. This emphasis serves to meet the major challenge for biological samples of identifying matrix matched, homogeneous material. Biological samples themselves are typically heterogeneous at the scale of microns to 100s of microns, and therefore they are poor SIMS standards. Therefore, we focused on identifying 'biological-like' materials--either natural or synthetic--that can be used for standards. The primary criterion is that the material be as compositionally similar to biological samples as possible (primarily C, H, O, and N). For natural material we adsorbed organic colloids consisting of peptidoglycan (i.e., amino sugars), activated charcoal, and humic acids. Experiments conducted with Si on peptidoglycan showed low affinity as SiO{sub 2}, yet its distribution in the matrix was similar to that observed in spores. In experiments with Mo on humic acid, homogeneity was achieved and a sensitivity factor relative to C was determined. For synthetic material, we successfully prepared polyacrylic acid containing complexed elements of Mo, Ca, Sr, and Ba at low abundance. These were prepared as aqueous mixtures of dissolved elements and polyacrylic resin, followed by thin film drying. The Mo was homogeneously distributed and yielded a relative sensitivity factor nearly identical to that calculated for humic acid. This approach shows great promise for most water soluble metals. Poly(methacrylate) thin films were prepared that contained different low-level concentrations of Si introduced as a silane compound. Although homogeneity was not fully achieved, the analytical results did validate our previous quantitative methodology for Si. In addition, Commercial plastics were also examined for suitability for F and Cl. We found food-grade polyvinyl tubing produced high precision Cl determinations. For ion implantation, we used epoxy as the substrate and successfully extracted depth profiles and sensitivity factors for F and Cu.

In order to better protect steel surfaces against wear under high loads, understanding of chemical reactions between lubricants and metal at high interfacial pressures and elevated temperatures needs to be improved. Solutions at 5 to 20 wt. % of zinc di-2-ethylhexyl dithio phosphate (ZDDP) and chlorinated paraffins (CP) in inhibited paraffinic mineral oil (IPMO) and inhibited soy bean oil (ISBO) were compared on a Twist Compression Tribotester (TCT) at 200 MPa. Microscopy of wear tracks after 10 seconds tribotesting showed much smoother surface profiles than those of unworn areas. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) coupled with Ar-ion sputtering demonstrated that additive solutions in ISBO formed 2–3 times thicker carbon-containing nano-layers compared to IPMO. The amounts of Cl, S or P were unexpectedly low and detectable only on the top surface with less than 5 nm penetration. CP blends in IPMO formed more inorganic chlorides than those in ISBO. It can be concluded that base oils are primarily responsible for the thickness of carbonaceous nano-layers during early stages of severe boundary lubrication, while CP or ZDDP additive contributions are important, but less significant.

Biodegradable composites film based on ?-carrageenan and nano particles as filler was prepared to study the mechanical strength of carrageenan composites. Solution casting technique was used to prepare_this biocomposite. Preparation of composite film and nano filler involve two stages preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from kenaf with alkali treatment bleaching and hydrolysis followed by the preparation of two types of nano composite. Tensile test was carried on the composite film based on ?-carrageenan with the variation percentage of CNC and nano clay to obtain the optimum CNC and nano clay loading. After that hybrid nano-biocomposite film based on ?-carrageenan with the variation percentage of CNC/nano clay (OMMT) according to optimum value of composite carrageenan/CNC and composite carrageenan/nano clay film was prepared. The effect of nano filler on the mechanical properties of carrageenan films was examined. ?-carrageenan biocomposite increased with the optimum at 4% CNC and nano clay composition. Additional improvement of tensile strength with hybridization of CNC and nanoclay indicated better mechanical properties.

This paper reports on the polyphase titanate ceramic containing sodium-rich simulated high-level nuclear waste doped with 0.69 wt% of {sup 244}Cm to accelerate long-term self-irradiation due to {alpha} decays. {alpha} autoradiography showed that {alpha} emissions were almost uniformly distributed throughout the curium-doped samples on a {gt} 20{mu}m scale although micropore surfaces and titanium oxide agglomerates were free of {alpha} emitting nuclides. The phase assemblage of the curium-doped titanate ceramic included freudenbergite and loveringite in addition to the more abundant oxide phases: hollandite, perovskite, and zirconolite. Accumulation of {alpha} decays was accompanied by a gradual decrease in density. The increment of density was {minus}1% after an equivalent age of 5000 yr. Leach tests showed a slight rend toward higher total release of curium with equivalent age. The release of soluble nonradioactive elements (e.g., Na, Cs, Sr, and Ca) in the oldest specimens (equivalent age, 2000 yr) varied from specimen to specimen but, on average, were higher than specimens that had suffered a lower radiation dose.