5. RELATIONSHIP TO THE DARK UNIVERSE

The structures of galaxies, and the evolution of structures, potentially
relates directly with the existence
of dark matter, dark energy and black holes. I only briefly
discuss this here as much of this is work for the future.
One example is that galaxy mergers might not occur as commonly
without the dynamical friction produced by dark matter halos (e.g.,
Sellwood 2004).
Detailed modeling of this however has not yet been done. As discussed, black
holes are directly traceable with the concentration of galaxy light
(Section 2).
Dark energy is also likely imprinting its effects, and is
perhaps the fundamental cause of the morphology-redshift relationship.

The relationship between the velocity dispersion of spheroids and the
mass of their central black holes
(Gebhardt et al. 2000;
Ferrarese & Merritt
2000)
is a fundamental
property of spheroids. This relationship, which is effectively between
the scale of a spheroid system and its central black hole, is also
projected in the concentration index-black hole mass relationship. This
relationship appears to hold to some degree up to
z ~ 1.2 based on the correlation
between galaxies with X-ray emission and the CAS concentration index
(Grogin et al. 2003).
X-ray sources up to z ~ 1.2 are found in
galaxies with the highest light concentrations, suggesting that
the bulge/central black hole relationship is in place by these redshifts.
Understanding this relationship at higher redshift, as well as how
dark matter condenses and evolves with galaxy structure, are topics for
future investigations with 20-30 meter ground based telescopes and
the James Webb Space Telescope.

Acknowledgments

It is a pleasure to acknowledge my collaborators and colleagues, especially
Mark Dickinson, Richard Ellis, Kevin Bundy, and Casey Papovich for
helping shape my evolving understanding of this material. Thanks also to
Colin Borys and Kevin Bundy for comments on this manuscript.
I also thank
David Block and the organizing committees for inviting me to present
this contribution and their patience in receiving this review.