Jeremiah 39:11 (WYC)Forsooth Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, had commanded of Jeremy to Nebuzaradan, master of the chivalry, and said, (And Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, gave custody of Jeremiah to Nebuzaradan, the captain of the guard, and said,)

Commentaries For Jeremiah 39

The taking of Jerusalem. (1-10) Jeremiah used well. (11-14) Promises of safety to Ebed-melech. (15-18)

Verses 1-10 Jerusalem was so strong, that the inhabitants believed the enemy could never enter it. But sin provoked God to withdraw his protection, and then it was as weak as other cities. Zedekiah had his eyes put out; so he was condemned to darkness who had shut his eyes against the clear light of God's word. Those who will not believe God's words, will be convinced by the event. Observe the wonderful changes of Providence, how uncertain are earthly possessions; and see the just dealings of Providence: but whether the Lord makes men poor or rich, nothing will profit them while they cleave to their sins.

Verses 11-14 The servants of God alone are prepared for all events; and they are delivered and comforted, while the wicked suffer. They often meet with more kindness from the profane, than from hypocritical professors of godliness. The Lord will raise them up friends, do them good, and perform all his promises.

Verses 15-18 Here is a message to assure Ebed-melech of a recompence for his great kindness to Jeremiah. Because thou hast put thy trust in me, saith the Lord. God recompenses men's services according to their principles. Those who trust God in the way of duty, as this good man did, will find that their hope shall not fail in times of the greatest danger.

This chapter consists of two parts: the first describes the capture of Jerusalem, the removal of the people to Babylon, and the fate of Zedekiah, and that of Jeremiah. The second tells of the assurance of safety to Ebed-melech.

1. ninth year . . . tenth month--and on the tenth day of it ( Jeremiah 52:4 , 2 Kings 25:1-4 ). From Jeremiah 39:2 , "eleventh year . . . fourth month . . . ninth day," we know the siege lasted one and a half years, excepting the suspension of it caused by Pharaoh. Nebuchadnezzar was present in the beginning of the siege, but was at Riblah at its close ( Jeremiah 39:3Jeremiah 39:6 ; compare Jeremiah 38:17 ).

3. sat--expressing military occupation or encampment. middle gate--the gate from the upper city (comprehending Mount Zion) to the lower city (north of the former and much lower); it was into the latter (the north side) that the Chaldeans forced an entry and took up their position opposite the gate of the "middle" wall, between the lower and upper city. Zedekiah fled in the opposite, that is, the south direction ( Jeremiah 39:4 ). Nergalsharezer, Samgarnebo--proper names formed from those of the idols, Nergal and Nebo ( 2 Kings 17:30 , Isaiah 46:1 ). Rab-saris--meaning "chief of the eunuchs." Rab-mag--chief of the magi; brought with the expedition in order that its issue might be foreknown through his astrological skill. Mag is a Persian word, meaning "great," "powerful." The magi were a sacerdotal caste among the Medes, and supported the Zoroastrian religion.

4. the king's garden--The "gate" to it from the upper, city above was appropriated to the kings alone; stairs" led down from Mount Zion and the palace to the king's garden below ( Nehemiah 3:15 ). two walls--Zedekiah might have held the upper city longer, but want of provisions drove him to flee by the double wall south of Zion, towards the plains of Jericho ( Jeremiah 39:5 ), in order to escape beyond Jordan to Arabia-Deserta. He broke an opening in the wall to get out ( Ezekiel 12:12 ).

5. Riblah--north of Palestine (see Jeremiah 1:14 , Numbers 34:11 ). Hamath is identified by commentators with Antioch, in Syria, on the Orontes, called Epiphania, from Antiochus Epiphanes. gave judgment upon him--literally, "spake judgments with him," that is, .brought him to trial as a common criminal, not as a king. He had violated his oath ( Ezekiel 17:13-192 Chronicles 36:13 ).

8. burned . . . the houses--( Jeremiah 52:12Jeremiah 52:13 ). Not immediately after the taking of the city, but in the month after, namely, the fifth month (compare Jeremiah 39:2 ). The delay was probably caused by the princes having to send to Riblah to know the king's pleasure as to the city.

9. remnant--excepting the poorest ( Jeremiah 39:10 ), who caused Nebuchadnezzar no apprehensions. those . . . that fell to him--the deserters were distrusted; or they may have been removed at their own request, lest the people should vent their rage on them as traitors, after the departure of the Chaldeans. rest . . . that remained--distinct from the previous "remnant"; there he means the remnant of those besieged in the city, whom Nebuchadnezzar spared; here, those scattered through various districts of the country which had not been besieged [CALVIN].

10. left . . . the poor . . . which had nothing--The poor have least to lose; one of the providential compensations of their lot. They who before had been stripped of their possessions by the wealthier Jews obtain, not only their own, but those of others.

11. Jeremiah's prophecies were known to Nebuchadnezzar through deserters ( Jeremiah 39:9 , 38:19 ), also through the Jews carried to Babylon with Jeconiah (compare Jeremiah 40:2 ). Hence the king's kindness to him.

12. look well to him--Hebrew, "set thine eyes upon him"; provide for his well-being.

14. Gedaliah--son of Ahikam, the former supporter of Jeremiah ( Jeremiah 26:24 ). Gedaliah was the chief of the deserters to the Chaldeans, and was set over the remnant in Judea as one likely to remain faithful to Nebuchadnezzar. His residence was at Mizpah ( Jeremiah 40:5 ). home--the house of Gedaliah, wherein Jeremiah might remain as in a safe asylum. As in Jeremiah 40:1 Jeremiah is represented as "bound in chains" when he came to Ramah among the captives to be carried to Babylon, this release of Jeremiah is thought by MAURER to be distinct from that in Jeremiah 40:5Jeremiah 40:6 . But he seems first to have been released from the court of the prison and to have been taken to Ramah, still in chains, and then committed in freedom to Gedaliah. dwelt among the people--that is, was made free.

15-18. Belonging to the time when the city was not yet taken, and when Jeremiah was still in the court of the prison ( Jeremiah 38:13 ). This passage is inserted here because it was now that Ebed-melech's good act ( Jeremiah 38:7-12 , Matthew 25:43 ) was to be rewarded in his deliverance.

16. Go--not literally, for he was in confinement, but figuratively. before thee--in thy sight.

17. the men of whom thou art afraid--( Jeremiah 38:1Jeremiah 38:4-6 ). The courtiers and princes hostile to thee for having delivered Jeremiah shall have no power to hurt. Heretofore intrepid, he was now afraid; this prophecy was therefore the more welcome to him.

18. life . . . for a put . . . trust in me--( Jeremiah 38:7-9 ). Trust in God was the root of his fearlessness of the wrath of men, in his humanity to the prophet ( 1 Chronicles 5:20 , Psalms 37:40 ). The "life" he thus risked was to be his reward, being spared beyond all hope, when the lives of his enemies should be forfeited ("for a prey").