This paper will describe the upgrade programmes of the LHCb experiment at the LHC, and the current construction and installation status. The LHCb experiment at the LHC is designed to capture decays of b- and c-hadrons for the study of CP violation and rare decays. It has already had a transformative impact in the field of flavour physics as well as making many general purpose physics measurements in the forward region. At the end of Run-II, many of the LHCb measurements will remain statistically dominated. For this reason the experiment is being upgraded in a first step, dubbed Upgrade I, to run at five times higher luminosity from 2020. The trigger scheme, which currently has a 1 MHz lowest level hardware rate, will be transformed to a strategy whereby the entire experiment is read out at 40 MHz to a software trigger. The increased luminosity and trigger efficiency anticipated at the upgrade will allow a huge increase in precision, in many cases to the theoretical limit, and the ability to perform studies beyond the reach of the current detector. In addition the flexible trigger and unique acceptance opens up opportunities in topics apart from flavour, reinforcing the role of LHCb as a general purpose detector in the forward region. In order to allow the triggerless readout the front end electronics of all subdetectors will be changed, and many subdetectors will be upgraded to cope with the increased occupancy and radiation levels. During the long shutdown between Run 3 and Run 4 the most irradiated parts of the detector will be replaced and other detector consolidation and improvement steps will be carried out. A further major upgrade, dubbed Upgrade II, is proposed for installation during the LHC long shutdown 4. Here major parts of the detector will be replaced and functionality added to enable the detector to run at a further luminosity step of up to 10 times higher than in Upgrade I. It is anticipated to collect more than 300 inverse femtobarn of data at Upgrade II.

Over 8000 Windows PCs are actively used on the CERN site for tasks ranging from controlling the accelerator facilities to processing invoices. PCs are managed through CERN's Computer Management Framework and Group Policies, with configurations deployed based on machine sets and a lot of autonomy left to the end-users. While the generic central configuration works well for the majority of the users, a specific hardened PC configuration is now provided for users who require stronger resilience against external attacks.

The LHCb experiment has collected data corresponding to 6.9 fb-1 of integrated luminosity since 2010 and the two RICH detectors have been essential for most of the LHCb physics programme. Preparations are underway to install an upgraded RICH detector so that from 2021 onwards LHCb can collect data corresponding to 5 fb-1 of integrated luminosity per year in order to improve the statistical precision of the physics measurements and to search for very rare B-decays and D-decays. For this, the current Level 0 hardware trigger running at 1 MHz will be removed so that detectors can be read out at at the full collision rate of 40 MHz. The long term physics goals of LHCb calls for a further upgrade of the detector system for collecting data corresponding 50 fb-1 of integrated luminosity by 2029 and 300 fb-1 afterwards. The first set of such upgrades are envisaged for the run starting in 2026 where the luminosity in LHCb continues to be 2X1033 cm-2s-1 as in the preceeding years. For the run from 2030 onwards the luminosity in LHCb is planned to be 2X1034 cm-2s-1 and this will result in about 35 interactions per LHC bunch crossing. Hence the detectors would require a major upgrade to cope with the high occupancies resulting from the increased particle multiplicity. Feasibility studies are underway for recording the time of arrival of the RICH hits in addition to their spatial coordinates on the detector plane. The complexity of the event can be reduced by removing hits outside the signal time window and by separating out the hits created by tracks which originated in different primary vertices. Incorporating the RICH hit time information can also improve the performance of the particle identification algorithm.This requires using photon detectors with fast readout. The feasibility of this is expected to be tested using prototypes. Using a photon detector with increased quantum efficiency in the green, like a SiPM(silicon photomultiplier), one can help to improve the chromatic error without reducing the photon yield. Measures to improve the optical configuration of the RICH detectors and to improve their pixel granularity are being investigated. Extending the momentum range to improve the performance in the 1-10 GeV/c range and in the range above 70 GeV/c is also explored. One option for this is to develop novel radiators based on photonic crystals. An overview of all these developments will be presented. This will include the expected performances and the status of the feasibility studies from simulations and prototype testing.

Strategy and Automation of the Quality Assurance Testing of MaPMTs for the LHCb RICH Upgrade 31 Jul 2018, 10:55 30m Russian Academy of Sciences Board: 25 poster presentation Technological aspects and applications of Cherenkov detectors Poster Session Speaker Konstantin Gizdov (University of Edinburgh) Description The LHCb RICH system will undergo major modifications for the LHCb Upgrade during the Long Shutdown 2 of the LHC, and the current photon detectors will be replaced by Multi Anode PMTs. The operating conditions of the upgraded experiment puts forth significant requirements onto the MaPMTs in terms of their performance, durability & reliability. Presented is an overview of the testing facilities designed and used to vet 3100 units of Hamamatsu 1-inch R13742 and 450 units of Hamamatsu 2-inch R13743 during the short 2 year testing period. Furthermore, discussed are the hardware architecture, the different read-out, power and control components, as well as the novel extensible software framework to steer the procedure. Finally, the operation of four automated stations, that have been deployed in two separate labs, is reported, with each station capable of fully characterising 16 MaMPTs per day.

he LHCb experiment is a single-arm spectrometer dedicated to the study of the CP viola7on and other rare phenomena in the decay of Beauty par7cles. One of its feature is a fast and versa7le trigger system to select the interes7ng events. The apparatus is designed like a ﬁxed-target experiment due to the very forward peaked b-quark distribu7on at LHC. It is composed of ﬁve systems: vertexing, tracking, ring cherenkov detectors, the calorimeters and the muon system. Up to the end of 2017 LHCb has recorded a total luminosity of 7 g-1 and in the next year, since LHC is going to increase its luminosity, the apparatus needs to upgrade its system. For the ﬁrst phase only the replacement of the FEE will be done. For the phase 2, the detectors should show a rate capability up to 3 MHz/cm2, an eﬃciency for single gap > 95% within 25 ns (BX), stability up to 6 C/cm2 integrated charge in 10 y at G=4000. So we propose for this upgrade the micro-Resis7ve WELL.

Particle identiﬁcation (PID) plays a crucial role in LHCb analyses. The LHCb PID system is com- posed of two ring-imaging Cherenkov detectors, a series of muon chambers and a calorimeter system. Combining information from these subdetectors allows one to distinguish between various species of long-lived charged and neutral particles. Advanced multivariate techniques are employed to obtain the best PID performance and control systematic uncertainties in a data-driven way. A novel strategy has been introduced in Run 2, where the selection of PID calibration data is implemented in the LHCb software trigger, with further processing achieved through a centralised production that makes highly efﬁcient use of computing resources. This poster covers the major steps of the implementation, and highlights the PID performance achieved in Run 2.

The new Vertex Locator (VELO) detector (Figure 1) will replace the silicon micro-strip detector currently operating around the interaction point in the LHCb Experiment. It will use hybrid pixel detectors composed of silicon sensors bump-bonded to new VeloPix CMOS readout chips designed for the new 40MHz readout rate of the LHCb Upgrade.

The new Vertex Locator (VELO) detector (Figure 1) will replace the silicon micro-strip detector currently operating around the interaction point in the LHCb Experiment. It will use hybrid pixel detectors composed of silicon sensors bump-bonded to new VeloPix CMOS readout chips designed for the new 40MHz readout rate of the LHCb Upgrade.

The Run 2 data taking period is coming to its end this year (2018). With the upcoming Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) that will last till the end of 2020 we enter the upgrade era for the LHC based experiments. The LHCb experiment is going for a major upgrade that practically affects all hardware components of the experimental setup as well as the DAQ and trigger. The LHCb event reconstruction procedure needs to face the challenge of fulfilling extremally tight time constraints imposed by a fully software trigger system running at the LHC bunch crossing frequency of 30 MHz. At the same time this real time system must ensure the high level of physics performance needed by the LHCb scientific programme. This challenge requires rethinking and optimising the logic of the algorithms, exploiting to the best the detectors properties and adopting out-of-the-box innovative ideas.

The LHCb is a successful experiment taking data at the LHC since 2009. Vertex and track reconstruction in the regions with highest particle occupancies are performed with a set of micro silicon-strip detectors, consisting of the VErtex LOcator (VELO) and the Silicon Tracker (ST). The detectors have performed very well throughout Run 1 of the LHC, but face new operational challenges in the LHC Run 2 environment with the reduced bunch separation of 25 ns and higher particle multiplicities. The cumulative radiation damage poses challenges in reaching full depletion in the most irradiated zones of the detectors, which have highly non-uniform exposure, reaching fluences of 0.01-4×1014 1-MeV neq/cm2 in the same sensor. The overall damage is monitored through regular measurements of the leakage current and charge collection efficiency (CCE) as function of the bias voltage. The radiation damage has been shown to decrease the collection of signal by the strip implants due to charge accumulation in the SiO2 layer, reducing the shielding effect to the routing lines in the sensors with 2-metal layer readout. A TCAD simulation was implemented using the Perugia n-type bulk model and the Peltola surface damage model concluding that up to 60% of the charge is collected by the routing lines. Studies of radiation damage throughout runs 1 and 2 of the VELO and ST will be presented.