Nissan Qashqai was also revealed to pump out NOx in real-world driving by DVSA

The DVSA tests - known as the Market Surveillance Unit - have been annually conducted to keep car makers in check after the VW Dieselgate scandal in 2015.

The report stated: "We remain concerned by the poor real world emissions control of a number of the other vehicles we tested this year.

"While these appear to comply with type approval requirements, as with the Euro 5 and Euro 6 diesel cars that we tested last year, their real world NOx emissions are much higher and are directly contributing to the air quality problems we face and the resulting health impacts.

"We therefore intend to conduct a further programme of emissions testing across all categories over the next
year."

The results also found that cars fail to match economy figures published by manufacturers - backing up stats that show some diesels can cost Brits £800-a-year more in unexpected fuel bills.

Car makers also face tightening emissions test from next year with the introduction of real-world driving and the closing of lab loopholes.

"The differences between the results from official laboratory emissions tests and those performed in the ‘real world’ are well known, and industry supports September’s introduction of the new and more onerous on-road test, RDE, which will help to reflect better ‘real world’ driving.

"This is requiring significant additional investment by manufacturers but will add greater transparency so consumers can be confident they are buying the cleanest and safest cars in history."