"Humane methods. Because the poor animals suffer and experts say and the best known remedy that doesn't cause pain to the animal and on the sore spot administer gently. Gob, he'd have a soft hand under a hen.Ga Ga Gara. Klook Klook Klook." (U12.843)

"Black Liz is our hen. She lays eggs for us. When she lays her egg she is so glad. Gara. Klook Klook Klook. Then comes good uncle Leo. He puts his hand under black Liz and takes her fresh egg. Ga ga ga ga Gara. Klook Klook Klook." (U12.846)

"- Anyhow, says Joe. Field and Nannetti are going over tonight to London to ask about it on the floor of the House of Commons." (U12.850)

"- Are you sure, says Bloom, the councillor is going? I wanted to see him, as it happens. - Well, he's going off by the mailboat, says Joe, tonight.- That's too bad, says Bloom. I wanted particularly. Perhaps only Mr Field is going. I couldn't phone. No. You're sure?" (U12.852)

This is a PC of RMS (= Royal Mail Service) Ulster, one of the mailboats operating between Kingstown and Holyhead on the Irish sea in 1904. The others were RMS Munster, Leinster and Connaught.

The distance from Kingstown to Holyhead was 64 miles, and the trip took 3 hrs. An express train then took passengers from Holyhead to London.

"Have similar orders been issued for the slaughter of human animals who dare to play Irish games in the Phoenix park?" (U12.869)

"Mr Allfours: The answer is in the negative. Mr Cowe Conacre: Has the right honourable gentleman's famous Mitchelstown telegram inspired the policy of gentlemen on the Treasury bench? (O! O!) Mr Allfours: I must have notice of that question." (U12.872)

"- Put it there, citizen, says Joe. You were and a bloody sight better. - Is that really a fact? says Alf. - Yes, says Bloom. That's well known. Did you not know that? So off they started about Irish sport" (U12.886)

"shoneen games the like of the lawn tennis" (U12.889)

Shoneen (Anglo-Irish, derogatory) is one who prefers English attitudes, customs or lifestyle to Irish ones. This is a PC of famous English stage actress Marie Studholme (1874 - 1930) posing in a tennis outfit.

"The Irish Caruso-Garibaldi was in superlative form and his stentorian notes were heard to the greatest advantage in the timehonoured anthem sung as only our citizen can sing it. " (U12.919)

"His superb highclass vocalism, which by its superquality greatly enhanced his already international reputation," (U12.922)

An advertisement for Caruso's records (LHJ, June 1904).

"was vociferously applauded by the large audience among which were to be noticed many prominent members of the clergy as well as representatives of the press and the bar and the other learned professions. The proceedings then terminated." (U12.923)

C.S.Sp. stands for Congregatio Sancti Spiritus = the Congregation of the Holy Spirit, commonly known as the Spiritans. The Spiritans were founded in Paris by the Breton Claude-FranÃ§ois Poullart des Places (1703). The purpose of the congregation was to minister to the poor, and to provide chaplains in hospitals, prisons, and schools. It quickly grew a missionary role (initially to the French colonies, India and China, and later all over the world). The Spiritans came to Ireland in 1859, when Pere Jules Lenan was entrusted with establishing a house to recruit and train missionaries for the English colonies. However, he saw the Irish Catholics' own need for education and secondary schools, and evident lack of missionary zeal in the wake of the Penal Laws and the famine. Instead he launched schools for the benefit of Ireland (and with the ulterior purpose of training priests for missions). Thus were founded Blackrock College (1860), Rockwell College in Cashel (1864), and St Mary's College in Rathmines (1890). The back of this Dublin CDV identifies Rev. P. Kavanagh -the same one?