The small southern African kingdom of Lesotho is completely surrounded by the Republic of South Africa, though separated from it by formidable mountains. For many years after gaining their independence in 1966, the people of this former British protectorate suffered from political turbulence, economic crises, and a growing incidence of HIV/AIDS. In the 1990s, however, the country began a series of development projects that helped improve the infrastructure and economy. A rise in tourism and an influx of foreign currency also helped improve conditions in Lesotho. The capital of Lesotho is Maseru. Area 11,720 square miles (30,355 square kilometers). Population (2013 est.) 1,936,000.