Misunderstanding of Historical Accounts: Myth of Uraynibعبدالرحیمقنواتنداردauthortextarticle2012perDiscussing and presenting the views about the personality of Imam\ussain and his rising and martyrdom, one will come across the storyof a woman who was loved by Yazīd. So, Mu#awīya, deceived thewoman's husband to divorce her in order to marry his son. When themessenger of Mu#awīya was on his way to propose her for Yazīd,Imam \ussain also asked him to question if she is willing to accepthis offer for marriage. The woman preferred Imam \ussain. After awhile, without marrying her, Imam \ussain sent back the woman toher husband and said that his aim was protection of his wife.Consequently, the purpose of Yazīd was not fulfilled. In some casesthe importance of this history has been related to the rise andmartyrdom of Imam \ussain. In this article various historical reportsare reconsidered and try to evidence the fact.The Journal of Islamic History and CivilisationIslamic Azad University - Science and Research Branch1735-70718

v.

شماره 1(پیاپی 15 بهار و تابستان 1391)

no.

2012325http://jhcin.srbiau.ac.ir/article_3923_b8f26e8b1236ee1a0d4d02e7baadfff1.pdfA Study on the Evolution of Tafwī' (delegation) Discourse
in the 2nd Century A.H. and its Relationship with the Circle of
Mufa''al ibn #Umarسیدمحمدهادیگرامینداردauthortextarticle2012perAmong many studies on the history of Imāmīya, less attention hasbeen paid to the discourse of Tafwī' and Mufawwi'a. However thereare some studies which examined this issue, they investigated Tafwī'only in a polemical framework and study of Tafwī' and related issuesin a historical context did not accorded. This paper discusses theformation history of Tafwī' discourse and its evolution in the 2ndcentury AH. Investigating this discourse at the beginning of the 2ndcentury demonstrates that it did not related to the Ghuluw at the time,while it was used for issues related to djabr and Tafwī'(predestination) during the -ādiÎayn lifetimes. Although before thelate 2nd century Ghulāt was held Tafwī' notions, but author showsthat the formation of Tafwī' discourse was not in that time and it wasemerging as discourse and found a social identity at the late 2ndcentury AH. In this paper we also continue to investigate the causesthat led the Circle of Mufa''al to be charged with Tafwī' or in somecases called Mufawwi'a.The Journal of Islamic History and CivilisationIslamic Azad University - Science and Research Branch1735-70718

v.

شماره 1(پیاپی 15 بهار و تابستان 1391)

no.

20122757http://jhcin.srbiau.ac.ir/article_3924_075695c2b7ec7a63343ec6d46ae609c1.pdfThe Common Link and its Relation to the Technical \adīth
Termsسیدعلیآقایینداردauthortextarticle2012perWestern scholars for a long time. They have interpreted thatdifferently in their studies and used it for dating traditions. This articleanswers the question, whether early Muslim traditionists, werefamiliar with this phenomenon and also which technical \adīth termsare coined for explaining different features of traditions and theirtransmitters related to common link. Review of early \adīth worksreveals that the technical terms such as “gharīb” and “fard” are coinedand used concerning some aspects of the same phenomenon.Furthermore, it identifies that “madār” is equivalent with the Westernterm “common link”. Finally, examining how early traditionists dealtwith this phenomenon, this paper clarifies that the difference betweenWestern and Muslims scholars’ understanding and interpretation ofthis phenomenon, is rooted in their different approaches to the validityof HHadīth and their method in criticizing the traditions.The Journal of Islamic History and CivilisationIslamic Azad University - Science and Research Branch1735-70718

v.

شماره 1(پیاپی 15 بهار و تابستان 1391)

no.

20125998http://jhcin.srbiau.ac.ir/article_3925_ffcbdbac5382f63aa1eb35a831ab844a.pdfDisputes Between 0anābala/ 0anbalites and Imāmīya Shī#a in
Siljuks eraعلیمحمدینداردauthortextarticle2012perWhereas most Islamic sects throughout history had conflicts anddisputes with each other, these discords were most significant amongShī#a and Sunnī. Baghdād as the Capital of #Abbāsīd Caliphate was therallying point for Shi’as and Hanbalites -as a radical Sunni branch-aswell. After the collapse of Buyid Dynasty during which Shī#aspromoted in Baghdād, Sunni Siljuks came to power. 0anbalites withlong held enmity toward Shī#as grasped the opportunity and pushedthem into a corner and disputes peaked. In present paper ups anddowns of disputes between these two sects in Baghdad in SiljuksDynasty has been addressed.The Journal of Islamic History and CivilisationIslamic Azad University - Science and Research Branch1735-70718

v.

شماره 1(پیاپی 15 بهار و تابستان 1391)

no.

201299124http://jhcin.srbiau.ac.ir/article_3926_0accc4bc35197070487df49a7d1912c4.pdfConceptual Basis of Music in Siljuk Period based on the 5th to 7th
Centuries A.H. Textsبابکخضرائینداردauthortextarticle2012perVery little is known about the music under the Siljuks. This waspossibly due to the nature of the music itself, which unlike somemonuments, metal works and other handcrafts, and also poets’collections, has gone forever, and also in the Siljuks era (maybe as aresult of wars and various displacements), it was not usual to writetreatise on music. However, there are some reports and signs of musicin the written sources that show Siljuks courts supported some of theprominent musicians. There are also the treatises which have beenwritten on music during this era; for example, Khayyām’s musictreatise, Muhammad Nishabūrī’s treatise and the Jāmi’ al-Ulūm’ssection on music (chapter 48). On the basis of these sources, the musicof this age is divided into Bazmī (lyrical) and Razmī (epical). Somemusical instruments used in Bazmī music are Rubāb, Chaghāna,Chang (Lyre), Sinj (cymbal), Tanbūr, Ney, Rūd, Barbat ,Ūd (lute),Mizhar and Daf. And the musical instruments played in Razmī musicare Tabl (drum), Kūs, Burw-i Parang and Nafīr that the two last onesare attributed to AlbArsalān. It is supposed that Khurāsān’s 12 notessystem were received to Byzantine and Baghdad by the extension ofdominion of Siljuks from East to West.The Journal of Islamic History and CivilisationIslamic Azad University - Science and Research Branch1735-70718

v.

شماره 1(پیاپی 15 بهار و تابستان 1391)

no.

2012125140http://jhcin.srbiau.ac.ir/article_3927_fa61103a744246b4ace7faa69de37d7f.pdfWābkanawī’s Calculations of the Annular Solar Eclipse of 30 Jan
1283 A.D./ 29 shawwāl 681 A. H.سید محمدمظفرینداردauthortextarticle2012perThe paper presents a critical review of the iterative process used byShams al-Dīn Muhammad al-Wābkanawī (Iran, Maragha, ca. 1260–1320) in order to compute the parameters of the annular solar eclipseof 30 January 1283 from the solar and lunar parameters obtained byMuhyī al-Dīn al-Maghribī (Maragha 1260–1274). Due to theimpossibility of the annular eclipse in the Ptolemaic tradition, theposition of this prediction in the context of medieval astronomy shallalso be shortly discussed. Furthermore, since Wābkanawī calls hisobservation as an evidence for the correctness of his prediction, thecomputed results have been compared with the true modern data,which established a remarkable agreement between them.The Journal of Islamic History and CivilisationIslamic Azad University - Science and Research Branch1735-70718

v.

شماره 1(پیاپی 15 بهار و تابستان 1391)

no.

2012141172http://jhcin.srbiau.ac.ir/article_3928_ca8bcb4897206cd6b14588f616fa7a44.pdfTrade in the Mediterranean Sea: A Review of Commercial
Agreements between Abū Al-0assan and Abū #Inan Marīnī and
Christian Statestextarticle2012perThe Marīnīds were at the peak of power in the reigns of Abū Al-0assan(rule:1331-1349 A.D.) and Abū #Inan (rule:1349-1358 A.D.)during which their political dominance extended not only over theMaghrib Al –AÎsā (Far West) as their former seat of government, butalso over the middle and near West and even to some parts ofAndalusia. The Marīnīds’ dominance over the Mediterranean longcoasts promoted the situation of Morocco in this era as a gateway toEurope and Africa and led toward the conclusion of several treatiesbetween Muslims and Christians in the light of their common interestsand with the purpose of expansion of trade in the Mediterranean Sea.The rulers of Mallorca, the Italian ports of Venice, Genoa, Pisa andfinally, the Government of Aragon concluded separate trade treatieswith Muslims. They aimed to supply raw materials and publicnecessities. Studies on these treaties show that when Muslims werepowerful, their Christian trade allies had to accept their conditions andabide by their obligations, while the situation reversed, the contents oftreaties changed prejudicially in favor of the Christians.The Journal of Islamic History and CivilisationIslamic Azad University - Science and Research Branch1735-70718

v.

شماره 1(پیاپی 15 بهار و تابستان 1391)

no.

2012173190http://jhcin.srbiau.ac.ir/article_3929_280ac1325188e84f6e4a3ea97e3a59e8.pdf0assan ibn Zāhed Kirmānī, an Alchemist of 8th Century and his
Worksعلیکاوسی رحیمنداردauthorرضاکوهکننداردauthorیونسفرهمندنداردauthortextarticle2012per0assan ibn Zāhed Gharib Kermāni was a Persian Muslim alchemist,lived in first half of the 8th century. In the period of Abu-Sa`idBahādur of Mongol Ilkhānate dynasty in Iran, Ibn Zāhed travelled in723 A.H. to India, where he was supported by Sultān Mohammad ibnTughluq, the second king of the Tughlaq dynasty of India, and thenhis alchemical books were dedicated to the king. His first book,Miftāh al-romūz is an authentic book that deals with the fundamentalsof Alchemy, covering 6 chapters and 31 parts. Two other Farsi booksare left by him and unfortunately not well-known: Mighlād al-konūzwhich explains alchemical processes, tools and equipments used inalchemy and Muntakhab (a selection) of Miftāh al-romūz which is anindependent treatise, however, more or less, is similar to Miftāh alromūzThe Journal of Islamic History and CivilisationIslamic Azad University - Science and Research Branch1735-70718

v.

شماره 1(پیاپی 15 بهار و تابستان 1391)

no.

2012191204http://jhcin.srbiau.ac.ir/article_3930_4580bada75b25c639c022048e07aedc2.pdfBarthélemy de'Herbelot and his “Oriental Library”عباساحمدوندنداردauthorامیرمؤمنی هزاوهنداردauthortextarticle2012perBarthélemy d'Herbelot de Molainville was a French Orientalist. Hehad a great impact on the development of Orientalism in France andalso he was the author of “Bibliothèque Orientale = Oriental Library”which was, for a while, the only reference book for westernorientalists. However, it was influenced by some political events suchas the Ottomans attack to Europe .The author was related to the courtsof Florence and Paris and also supported by the politicians like Jean-Baptiste Colbert. He was also teaching in Royal College (later collegede France).So, the book was written with superficial approaches andpolitical aims. Despite the important position of Herbelot in orientalstudies and related fields, today, his character and book OrientalLibrary is not well known for the Orientalists and especially forIranian studies researchers. Therefore, this paper tries to reflect a clearpicture of his character and position in Orientalism. Giving a shortbiography, short description of his life, the way of writing OrientalLibrary, the methods and approaches of its author and the influence ofthe book on western scholars and Orientalists will be discussed in thepresent paper.The Journal of Islamic History and CivilisationIslamic Azad University - Science and Research Branch1735-70718