Last 2 Jason Dives

What’s happening today?
Last night the last ROV Jason dive of the cruise ended by looking at 2015 lavas of the NRZ at midnight. We’re currently in transit back to Seattle, with an expected arrival at the University of Washington dock at 10 AM Saturday August 29.

J2-825
Following the successful of the pressure dives (J2-823 and 824) and a quick turnaround by the Jason crew, dive J2-825 was launched Wednesday morning at the Marker 33 Vent in the southeast part of the caldera. This vent has been active since before the 1998 eruption and vent samples have been collected there nearly continuously, making it one of the best time-series sites in the caldera. Fluid samples were collected for the second round of incubator experiments and for chemical analysis and microbial culturing on the ship.

Sampling fluids at Marker 33 Vent for the second incubator experiments during dive J2-825.

Following the fluid sampling, Jason transited to the NE caldera rim where we explored more of the 2015 lava flows that we had not yet seen or sampled. We targeted this area because some of the earlier CTD tow-yos above NE rim of the caldera (see CTD blog) had revealed high turbidity and multi-layered hydrothermal plumes above the seafloor, suggesting that 2015 lavas, or perhaps new hydrothermal vents, were emitting vent fluids. We spent several hours exploring the NE caldera rim and sampling the 2015 lava flows along the North Rift Zone (NRZ).

Eight lava samples were collected for geochemistry and Polonium (Po) isotope dating that could provide precise ages of the samples to constrain the timing of the emplacement of lavas, possibly within the day or week of the eruption. Such precision will help constrain the eruption and emplacement dynamics and rates of lava flow emplacement. These 2015 lavas include many lava morphologies, including ropy surfaces (above upper left) jumbled flow surfaces (above upper right) and have numerous collapse areas (see lower images above).

The last dive of the expedition was J2-826, which focused on collecting rocks and fluids from the 2015 lava flows of the north rift zone (NRZ), continuing the exploration of the area we started during our first Jason dive.

The first task during the dive was to position the Remote Access Sampler (RAS), which is a set of water bottles that will collect vent fluid samples in a time-series over a year when the RAS will be recovered. The RAS was deployed from the ship earlier today by placing it in the water and letting it free-fall to the seafloor with weights that increase its descent rate and remain on the seafloor. On recovery, Jason will return to manually release the anchor attached to the RAS so that glass floats attached above the RAS can lift it back to the surface.

Bathymetric map of Axial North Rift zone showing exploration waypoints
for dive J2-826. Only the southern half of the waypoints were visited
before the dive ended.

For the rest of the dive we continued a transect across the thick 2015 lava flows on the North Rift Zone, continuing where we left off during our first Jason dive to collect samples of the 2015 lavas and any vent fluids discovered where the flows are so thick they are still cooling.

Suction sampler collecting orange bacterial mat from a site called “snow
drift” on the 2015 lavas. The two red laser dots are 10 cm apart
(J2-826).

Near waypoint 5 (see map), we collected a thick orange bacterial mat using the suction sampler. Nearby, we also sampled vent fluids at a temperature of 35°C and their trapped gasses.

We continued exploring the 2015 lavas of the NRZ as long as we could before it was time to recover Jason and head for home. As usual, there is always more we would like to do if we had more time, but that’s what also keeps us coming back to Axial Seamount! We headed to the surface with lots of samples and a much better idea of the diversity and distribution of the 2015 lava flows than we started with. Next stop, Seattle!

Last view of 2015 lavas of the NRZ as Jason departed for the surface (J2-826).