Definition

An acoustic neuroma is a tumor that grows on the nerve of the ear. This nerve runs from your brainstem to the ear and plays a role in hearing and in maintaining your balance. This is a benign tumor, which means it is not cancerous. However, this condition can still cause serious problems if the tumor is large enough to put pressure on your brainstem.

Causes

A tumor is caused by the abnormal growth of cells. This growth is determined by genes of the cells. An acoustic neuroma is caused by a problem with specific genes. It is not clear what causes the problem with the genes. Some environmental factors may play a role.

Risk Factors

Acoustic neuroma is most common in people aged 30-60 years old. Factors that may increase your chance of acoustic neuroma include:

If headaches or mental confusion occur, the tumor may be life threatening. Call your doctor right away.

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. Your ears will be examined. Tests of your nervous system will also be done. There are a number of conditions that can affect your hearing including the very common ear infection. Acoustic neuroma may only be diagnosed after results from tests such as:

Treatment

Treatment depends on your age, general health, the size and location of the tumor, and its rate of growth. Treatment may include:

Observation

Tumors may stay very small and cause few problems. In this case, the tumor may not need treatment. The doctor will monitor it for any changes. This is approach is common among people over age 70.

Microsurgical Removal

If the tumor is causing problems or is growing large it may need to be removed. The type of surgery depends on the size and location of the tumor. Complications of surgery may include permanent hearing loss and/or paralysis of facial muscles on the affected side.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy
is the use of radiation to kill cells and shrink tumors. It may also stop further growth of the tumor. Radiation may be used when tumors are small and surgery is not possible. This method may preserve hearing. The radiation may be given over several treatments or as one large dose.

A procedure called
stereotactic radiosurgery may be used.
This surgery uses a focused beam of radiation to destroy tumor tissue in and around the brain.

Prevention

There are no current guidelines to prevent acoustic neuroma.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.