Causes

All men produce male and female hormones. Normally, men produce much more male hormones than female hormones. Gynecomastia is caused by an imbalance in the female and male hormones. The hormone imbalance can be caused by:

Adolescent puberty changes

Aging, especially in association with low testosterone levels

Certain genetic disorders causing low levels of testosterone

Certain medications, such as
digoxin,
spironolactone,
cimetidine, and many others

Symptoms

Symptoms of gynecomastia include:

Enlargement of the breasts with firm tissue, usually starts on one side and go on to affect both breasts

Tenderness

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Your doctor will focus on your weight, breast exam, testicular exam, and any other signs of a hormone problem. You may be referred to a doctor who specializes in hormone disorders.

Treatment

Treatment for gynecomastia is rarely needed. However, it is important to find and treat the underlying cause of the gynecomastia. If a medication is causing gynecomastia, your doctor will ask you to stop taking it or to switch medication. If a tumor is causing the problem, your doctor will make a treatment plan for the tumor.

Medications may be used if needed to treat the gynecomastia. However, they can produce unwanted side effects. Surgery may also be used to remove breast tissue.

Prevention

Some gynecomastia may be prevented by avoiding known risk factors. This includes avoiding:

Excessive alcohol consumption

Steroids

Marajuana

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.