Amit Kumar, part of a vaccination transit team at Patna railway station, marks a child's finger to identify her as having been vaccinated against polio. Kumar carries an insulated box containing vials of the vaccine. Trains have been identified by Unicef as key sites for the transmission of polio across states. Kumar's transit team will ply Patna station 24 hours a day for a whole week in the campaign to have all children below 5 years of age vaccinated...India is one of only four countries in the world reported to suffer endemic polio. Only 66 new cases of the disease were reported in India in 2005. But in 2006 that figure leapt ten-fold. In September, UN Secretary General Kofi Annan wrote to Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh expressing concern at the new polio outbreak. The Indian government, together with partners including Unicef and Rotary International has embarked on a renewed effort to eradicate polio. Overcrowded areas of poor sanitation are particularly susceptible to the virus. Focusing on the poor north Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar which between them are home to more than 250 million people, Unicef is coordinating the largest public health drive in the world. The task is to vaccinate all children under the age of five during a series of vaccination rounds. Unicef has mobilised thousands of volunteers to administer and supervise the vaccination effort. Unicef has also recruited people with influence to encourage communities to have their children protected against polio. Misinformation, rumours and a frustration with the lack of other health services mean that many households, particularly in Muslim areas, resist vaccination. ..Photo: Tom Pietrasik.Patna, Bihar, India..November 15th 2006