Allen Newell and Herbert Simon

Deductive reasoning

- leads to specific conclusions that must follow info given

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Inductive reasoning

- leads to general rules that are inferred from specifics

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Logical reasoning errors (3):

1) atomosphere effect: conclusions infuenced by way information is phrased 2) semantic effect: believe in conclusions because of what you think is correct rather than what logically follows info given3) confirmation bias: using info that confirms what you already think

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Decision making

- solving on problem until an acceptable solution is found - process of finding solution is based on assumption that is rational or irrational - solution found by reaoning or emotion

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Intelligence

- capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment

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Reaction time

- measure cognitive processing AKA latency - declines with age

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Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins

- people have hierachical semantic networks in their memory that group together related items - more closer the 2 items = faster subject can link them together e.g. " a canary is a bird" vs. "a toaster is a bird"