Background

Craitland joined the USSO as a founding member of the organisation on 26 February 2017. The USSO was initially created in response to heightening tensions surrounding the Hammish Civil War by five nations with varied vested interests in the conflict. Craitland's historical ties with Hamland, which was one of the nation's strongest relations for a number of years, was cited by then-Prime MinisterHjaņ Berntsen of the Social Democrats as a key reason for joining the USSO, as the USSO entered the war with Craitland's involvement restricted purely to supplying aid to people in affected areas. Since the war's end, the USSO's focus has included economic endeavours and migration policies, though controversy surrounding the Florian Republic's membership and subsequent ejection overshadowed the organisation's work.

Discontent towards the USSO among Craits began to emerge around the time of the Florian Republic's accession to membership, with policy regarding membership becoming an important issue in parties' manifestos and campaigns ahead of the general election in September that year, in which the anti-USSO Liberal-Centre Alliance led by Iņa Aärnesen won a majority. Since Aärnesen's election, Craitish domestic politics have focused on holding a membership referendum, while the USSO has seen further involvement in conflict; the War of Lost Brothers fought over multiple continents becoming one of the bloodiest and drawn-out wars seen on Micras in recent memory. From the beginning of this war up until the run-up to the referendum date, anti-USSO sentiment in Craitland has since grown notably.

Administration

Following her party's successful election into power, Iņa Aärnesen timetabled a plan to hold the referendum in early 2018. After discussions, the Craitish parliament ultimately voted to set the date as 28 February; a decision first announced by Aärnesen on the social media site Whispr. The legislative branches of each of the four Craitish territories all voted unanimously to partake in the referendum.

Voting eligibility was established to match that of the mainland's general elections; namely registered citizens who are a minimum of 18 years of age with permanent residence in Craitish-owned territory.

To create a referendum that could be answered with a simple "yes" or "no" vote, it was decided that the question would be in regard to Craitland's full membership—the USSO offers three distinct tiers of association—and would ask whether the nation should retain its current status.

Campaigning

There were no officially-tabled campaigns for either side of the referendum's question, with political parties and lobby groups producing their own materials, albeit with cross-ideology groups regularly working together to compile campaigns. Campaigns to support maintaining USSO membership generally focused on the perceived militaristic and economic protection an alliance with Jingdao and Passio-Corum would bring, while campaigns against full membership concerned Craitland's international reputation and the view that associating with the organisation had increased the risk of threats from other nations.

Party affiliations

With each territory of Craitland having its own political setup, there are few parties which operate throughout the entire kingdom to a major degree, leading to a range of official stances from ideologically similar parties in different regions. Some parties' campaign stances were not officially disclosed—or an official neutral stance was declared—with their members occasionally being seen to align themselves to differing campaigns on personal conscience.

Results

Yes

No

Of the 54 subdivisions which are used for supplying parliamentary seats in each territory's respective legislature, 13 saw a majority "yes" vote, as 41 returned for "no". Strongholds for "yes" included rural areas of Lakkvia and the entirety of Incontinentia.

The final result was published on 3 March 2018, following news sources having reported on a successful "no" vote from 1 March, after polling and decisive counts predicted a considerable win. The official overall result saw "no" gain 68.5% of the vote—to 31.5% for "yes"—from a voting electorate of just under 12 million.

Overall result

Craitland USSO membership referendum, 2018Final result

Choice

Votes

%

Yes

3,773,197

31.49%

No

8,207,795

68.51%

Valid votes

11,980,992

99.96%

Invalid or blank votes

4,943

0.04%

Total votes

11,985,935

100.00%

Results by territory

Results varied throughout the Craitish mainland and its territories, though ultimately all territories bar Incontinentia returned a majority for "no". Incontinentia, however, did see the most contrasted result, with 93% voting to remain a full USSO member; a result which commentators saw as being representative of the dependency's significant economic relation with the nearby Passio-Corum. The New Vaduzian vote returned the largest majority for "no", while the closest result was that of Lakkvia, which saw a difference of just under 5% in favour of "no" compared to "yes".

Craitland

Craitland USSO membership referendum, 2018Craitish result

Choice

Votes

%

Yes

2,043,234

26.07%

No

5,794,120

73.93%

Valid votes

7,837,354

99.96%

Invalid or blank votes

3,207

0.04%

Total votes

7,840,561

100.00%

Incontinentia

Craitland USSO membership referendum, 2018Incontinentian result

Choice

Votes

%

Yes

76,909

93.04%

No

5,754

6.96%

Valid votes

82,663

99.91%

Invalid or blank votes

78

0.09%

Total votes

82,741

100.00%

Lakkvia

Craitland USSO membership referendum, 2018Lakkvian result

Choice

Votes

%

Yes

1,256,111

47.58%

No

1,384,020

52.42%

Valid votes

2,640,131

99.96%

Invalid or blank votes

1,067

0.04%

Total votes

2,641,198

100.00%

New Vaduz

Craitland USSO membership referendum, 2018New Vaduzian result

Choice

Votes

%

Yes

7,018

23.87%

No

22,388

76.13%

Valid votes

29,406

99.94%

Invalid or blank votes

17

0.06%

Total votes

29,423

100.00%

Zandarijn

Craitland USSO membership referendum, 2018Zandt result

Choice

Votes

%

Yes

389,925

28.02%

No

1,001,513

71.98%

Valid votes

1,391,438

99.96%

Invalid or blank votes

574

0.04%

Total votes

1,392,012

100.00%

Aftermath

Following the official announcement of the referendum's result on 3 March 2018, the Craitish parliament undertook a number of debates and votes in regard to the outcome, and its significance in the nation's membership of and relationship with the USSO. The debates held shaped the Craitish approach to proceedings, with strong Social Democrat support for full membership in conjunction with an overwhelming "yes" decision in Incontinentia forging a path for a preference in amending Craitland's position within the organisation, rather than the nation severing all ties completely. These debates and their ultimate outcome, with the final parliamentary free vote on 29 March 2018 garnering well over 90% support, were widely praised by political commentators and the general public alike.

Prime MinisterIņa Aärnesen addressed the USSO Political Consultative Committee on 7 April 2018—a delay on an initial plan for the address to occur on 3 April 2018, following the unforeseen announcement of withdrawal of Gerenia from the organisation on 28 March 2018—and announced that Craitland requested for its full membership to be reduced to that of an observer. Upon Aärnesen entering the request, Craitland's role in the organisation was immediately amended.

Following the completion of Craitland's membership with the USSO being amended, support for Aärnesen's Liberal-Centre Alliance was sustained, with a second consecutive majority government for the party being confirmed in the general election of September 2018. While Aärnesen was ineligible to retain her Prime Minister position, her successor Maxine Karisson—who took a notably public role during campaigning for the referendum—led the party to an increased margin of victory amongst the voting electorate. In the same election, the Social Democrats—the party whose government took Craitland into the USSO and was the only one to officially campaign for "yes" on the mainland—recorded their worst ever return of parliamentary seats; signifying a clear downward shift in public opinion.

International reaction

Corian King Jovan I issued the statement saying "no matter the outcome of referendum, it is the people's decision and must be respected". Prime Minister Obrad Bošković later expressed that he shared the same opinion as the King, but added that it was not the outcome he had expected and that he shares sorrow with people who voted in favour of remaining.

Although preferring to see Craitland remain involved with the alliance which she chaired, Kan Zen expressed support for the referendum, as well as for the complete implementation of its outcome. In an interview several months after the referendum, Zen indicated that she believed that Craitland had never really embraced its role as a full member of the USSO, and that the nation would perhaps have been better suited to have initially joined as an observer or as an associate member.

Prime Minister Ystëna Denisenka congratulated the Craitish people on their energetic display of democracy and for validating the ideals of peace. It was widely reported that the Senyan government had hoped for a "no" vote.

Emily Saryaan, leader of the Lijst Liberaal and prominent "no" campaigner, congratulated Aärnesen on her response to the referendum but declared that amending the nation's membership status to observer was insufficient in the eyes of the majority who voted, and wished for a clear break from the USSO for "no"-majority Zandarijn. Aärnesen's own response to this was that the substantial minority's votes should still be taken into account, and that support for USSO membership was still popular throughout the nation and its territories.