Earth's Spheres

Learn about the four main spheres of the Earth: lithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere. Find out how the Earth has changed since the Pangea times and learn about colliding continents, land masses, formation and destruction of lakes, rivers, mountains, and volcanoes. Learn how scientists use Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite sonograms and ground-probing radars to learn more about the Earth. Includes simulations, animations, videos, games, quizzes, and in-class activities. Also includes eThemes resources on the Earth’s atmosphere, water cycle, and ecosystems.

See the structure of the Earth from plate tectonics to the Earth's core. Follow links at the top of the page to learn about the Earth's biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and cycles. The "Atmosphere" and "Cycles" pages include videos on use of satellites and meaning of cycles. The "Activities" page includes quizzes, photographs and links to live webcams. NOTE: The site includes ads.

This site has an eight-page PDF file worksheet for students on Earths' tectonics accompanied by a teachers' guide. Find out about ongoing Earth changes and learn about the crust, mantle, lithosphere, asthenosphere, and the core. Scroll down to the Geology curriculum and select two PDF file icons in the Worksheets and Teachers Guide columns.

Learn types of plate movements and their boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform. Find out how GPS satellites help scientist monitor plate motions. The site is illustrated by 2D and 3D images and photographs.

Learn types of plate movements and their boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform. Find out how GPS satellites help scientist to monitor plate motions. The site is illustrated by 2D and 3D images and photographs.