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Presentation on theme: "Topic 1: The Enlightenment & The French Revolution"— Presentation transcript:

2Today’s Date: ___/___/___ Title: Enlightenment Page: 2Directions: In your notebook write down the title of the notes, today’s date, and the correct page number (each day’s lesson will be only one page number unless otherwise noted. For example, if today’s lesson takes 5 pages to write down, you will still label it page 2; tomorrow’s lesson will be page 3). Write the questions into your notebook and answer the questions independently at the beginning of each class. I you have not completed a title page, attached your homework sheet, done your homework, please skip the appropriate number of pages. At this time I will come around and check your homework for completion. If you didn’t do your homework please complete it tonight as I will check your homework for accuracy during your notebook check.Today’s Date: ___/___/___ Title: Enlightenment Page: 2Warm-Up:What type of leaders were there in Europe prior to the enlightenment?(Answer)Define: Divine Rule.Name two absolute monarchs and list one thing that each is known for.

4The EnlightenmentAdvances of the Scientific Revolution made people question long established ideas and practicesEnlightenment-a new intellectual movement pronouncing that reason and thought and the power of individuals could solve problemsTwo main individuals Locke and Hobbes-both men experienced political turmoil in England-differed in their ideas

5Enlightenment PhilosophersThinkerMain IdeasType of GovernmentHobbesWrote the Leviathan (1651)convinced that all humans were naturally selfish and wickedSocial ContractAbsolute MonarchyLockeHumans are reasonable and could learn from mistakesAll people are born free and equal-life, liberty, & pursuit of happinessGovernment comes from consent of peopleSelf-Government (Democracy)VoltaireThought to be the most brilliant of the philosophesBelieved in freedom of speech-used literature as his weaponDemocracyMontesquieuSeparation of powers (checks and balances)United States used his ideas as basis for governmentRousseauBelieved that civilization corrupted people’s natural goodnessBelieved that man was born free but governments hinder peoples freedomDirect DemocracyBeccariaLaws exist to preserve order not to avenge crimesIdeas became basis of US Bill of Rights-outlawed torture, speedy trials, etc.(Greatest good for the greatest number of people)WollstonecraftArgued for women’s rightsDemocracy (Equal Rights)

6Enlightenment PhilosophersThinkerMain IdeasType of GovernmentHobbesWrote the Leviathan (1651)convinced that all humans were naturally selfish and wickedSocial ContractAbsolute MonarchyLockeHumans are reasonable and could learn from mistakesAll people are born free and equal-life, liberty, & pursuit of happinessGovernment comes from consent of peopleSelf-Government (Democracy)VoltaireThought to be the most brilliant of the philosophesBelieved in freedom of speech-used literature as his weaponDemocracyMontesquieuSeparation of powers (checks and balances)United States used his ideas as basis for governmentRousseauBelieved that civilization corrupted people’s natural goodnessBelieved that man was born free but governments hinder peoples freedomDirect DemocracyBeccariaLaws exist to preserve order not to avenge crimesIdeas became basis of US Bill of Rights-outlawed torture, speedy trials, etc.(Greatest good for the greatest number of people)WollstonecraftArgued for women’s rightsDemocracy (Equal Rights)

7Thinker Main Ideas Type of GovernmentHobbesWrote the Leviathan (1651)convinced that all humans were naturally selfish and wickedSocial ContractAbsolute MonarchyLockeHumans are reasonable and could learn from mistakesAll people are born free and equal-life, liberty, & pursuit of happinessGovernment comes from consent of peopleSelf-Government (Democracy)VoltaireThought to be the most brilliant of the philosophesBelieved in freedom of speech-used literature as his weaponDemocracy

8Thinker Main Ideas Type of GovernmentMontesquieuSeparation of powers (checks and balances)United States used his ideas as basis for governmentDemocracyRousseauBelieved that civilization corrupted people’s natural goodnessBelieved that man was born free but governments hinder peoples freedomDirect DemocracyBeccariaLaws exist to preserve order not to avenge crimesIdeas became basis of US Bill of Rights-outlawed torture, speedy trials, etc.(Greatest good for the greatest number of people)WollstonecraftArgued for women’s rightsDemocracy (Equal Rights)

9Copy these quotes into your notebook and draw a small image next to each to illustrate it!All mankind... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions. – John LockeWithout governments, there would be “war….of every man against every man”- Thomas HobbesI do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it- VoltairePower should be a check to power- MontesquieuMan is born free, and everywhere he is in chains- Rousseau

10Legacy Philosophers encouraged reforms-not active revolutionariesTheories inspired American and French RevolutionsIdeas of Democracy spreadPeople began to question religious beliefsRise of individualism-use reason