Authors:

To compare the efficiency and safety of thulium laser resection of the prostate-tangerine technique (TmLRP-TT) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) of various sizes. Clinical data of 249 BPH patients received TmLRP-TT or TURP were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into small prostate group [prostate volume (PV)<40 ml], medium prostate group (40 ml≤PV<80 ml) and large prostate group (PV ≥ 80 ml) based on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) results. Read More

Authors:

Center for Behavioral Theory and Research (CNTP) and Graduate Program in Behavioral Theory and Research (PPGTPC), Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.

In recent decades, various studies have challenged the traditional view that John Broadus Watson's Behaviorist Manifesto prompted a psychological revolution. However, methodological hindrances underlie all these attempts to evaluate the impact of Watson's study, such as the absence of comparative parameters. This article remedies this problem by conducting a comparative citation analysis involving Watson and eight other representative psychologists of the time: J. Read More

Authors:

Despite the importance of predicting evacuation mobility dynamics after large scale disasters for effective first response and disaster relief, our general understanding of evacuation behavior remains limited because of the lack of empirical evidence on the evacuation movement of individuals across multiple disaster instances. Here we investigate the GPS trajectories of a total of more than 1 million anonymized mobile phone users whose positions were tracked for a period of 2 months before and after four of the major earthquakes that occurred in Japan. Through a cross comparative analysis between the four disaster instances, we find that in contrast to the assumed complexity of evacuation decision making mechanisms in crisis situations, an individual's evacuation probability is strongly dependent on the seismic intensity that they experience. Read More

Authors:

5 Division for Endocrine and Minimal Invasive Surgery, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G.Barresi," University Hospital "G.Martino," University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Background: Various approaches for thyroid surgery became possible with the use of robotic systems. Transoral robotic thyroidectomy (TORT) is one of the newest approaches and draws attention because of its cosmetic excellence. In this study, we compared the surgical outcomes of TORT and conventional open thyroidectomy (OT). Read More

Authors:

Sweet potato is one of the most important crops worldwide; however, basic research in this crop is limited. In this study, we aimed to construct a detailed karyotype of six Ipomoea species (hexaploid Ipomoea batatas and five related species, namely, one tetraploid, I. tabascana and four diploids, I. Read More

The control of magnetism by means of low-power electric fields, rather than dissipative flowing currents, has the potential to revolutionize conventional methods of data storage and processing, sensing, and actuation. A promising strategy relies on the utilization of magnetoelectric composites to finely tune the interplay between electric and magnetic degrees of freedom at the interface of two functional materials. Albeit early works predominantly focused on the magnetoelectric coupling at solid/solid; however, recently there has been an increased interest related to the opportunities offered by liquid-gating techniques. Read More

Authors:

Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York.

Importance: People with schizophrenia are commonly treated with psychotropic medications in addition to antipsychotics, but there is little evidence about the comparative effectiveness of these adjunctive treatment strategies.

Objective: To study the comparative real-world effectiveness of adjunctive psychotropic treatments for patients with schizophrenia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This comparative effectiveness study used US national Medicaid data from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2010, to examine the outcomes of initiating treatment with an antidepressant, a benzodiazepine, a mood stabilizer, or another antipsychotic among adult outpatients (aged 18-64 years) diagnosed with schizophrenia who were stably treated with a single antipsychotic. Read More

Authors:

Background: Up to 15% of other immune-mediated diseases (IMDs) can occur in patients with CD throughout their lives and are associated with multiple factors, including sex and sex hormone levels. Moreover, sex is associated with differences in clinical presentation, onset, progression, and outcomes of disorders.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of IMDs at diagnosis in patients with celiac disease (CD) and their first-degree relatives and to compare the findings between female and male patients of different age. Read More

In Brazil, there are two species of Artocarpus that were introduced: Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg, known as fruta-pão, and Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., known as jaca. Both are used as food and medicine. Read More

Authors:

College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.

A formaldehyde-degrading strain Methylobacterium sp. XJLW was isolated and exhibited a special phenotype for formaldehyde utilization. The accumulation of formic acid in large quantities and lower cell growth was detected when XJLW utilized formaldehyde as the sole carbon source, suggesting XJLW has a potentially novel pathway to transfer formaldehyde to methanol and then enter the serine cycle for C1 metabolism. Read More

Authors:

Objectives: In Lambert and Welker (2017) we explored the association between subsistence economy and postcranial fracture prevalence, finding that low-intensity agriculturalists exhibited significantly lower fracture rates than foragers or high-intensity agriculturalists. Here, we explore the impacts of sampling strategy on fracture rates in a sample of high-intensity agriculturalists from the Moche Valley, Peru, and further test the hypothesis that postcranial fracture risks are higher for intensive agriculture.

Materials And Methods: The long bones and clavicles of 102 individuals from an Early Intermediate Period cemetery (400 B. Read More

Authors:

Color is among the most striking features of organisms, varying not only in spectral properties like hue and brightness, but also in where and how it is produced on the body. Different combinations of colors on a bird's body are important in both environmental and social contexts. Previous comparative studies have treated plumage patches individually or derived plumage complexity scores from color measurements across a bird's body. Read More

The last two steps of the purine biosynthetic pathway may be catalysed by different enzymes in prokaryotes. The genes that encode these enzymes include homologs of purH, purP, purO and those encoding the AICARFT and IMPCH domains of PurH, here named purV and purJ, respectively. In Bacteria these reactions are mainly catalysed by the domains AICARFT and IMPCH of PurH. Read More

Low-frequency vibrations of biomolecules govern many biological processes like allostery of proteins, binding interaction and solvation. Revealing how involved are different groups of molecules in low-frequency vibrations is of significance to understand the behaviors of biomolecules. To compare the activities of hydroxyl group and thiol group in low-frequency vibrations, we conducted THz measurements and DFT calculations of l‑serine and l‑cysteine. Read More

Background: Huangkui capsule (HKC), an anti-inflammatory Chinese modern patent medicine, has been now widely applied to the clinical therapy of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the overall therapeutic mechanisms in vivo are still unclear. Renal tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the major pathogenesis of renal interstitial fibrosis in DN. Read More

Steviol glycosides (SGs) and gibberellic acids share a part of their biosynthesis pathways. Despite the widespread studies on the effect of gibberellic acid 3 (GA), the effect of gibberellic acid 4 and 7 (GA) on Stevia rebaudiana has never been studied. This study aimed at a comparative evaluation of different hormone effects, i. Read More

Objective: Melanoma is a dangerous form of the skin cancer responsible for thousands of deaths every year. Early detection of melanoma is possible through visual inspection of pigmented lesions over the skin, treated with simple excision of the cancerous cells. However, due to the limited availability of dermatologists, the visual inspection alone has the limited and variable accuracy that leads the patient to undergo a series of biopsies and complicates the treatment. Read More

Authors:

While one-time gene replacement therapies may offer transformative innovation for the management of ultrarare, health-catastrophic diseases, they also pose challenges to the current U.S. health care system. Read More

Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia.

We compared anxiety, neuromotor, and cognitive functions in mutant rats with different allelic variants of dopamine transporter DAT knockout receiving balanced or excess in fat and fructose diet. The experiments were performed in DAT-/- homozygotes, DAT+/- heterozygotes, and DAT+/+ wild type rats. The genotype of DAT-KO rats was confirmed by restriction analysis of DAT gene compared to behavioral responses in the open field test (OF). Read More

Objectives: Palliative care is still often involved late in the disease trajectory. Recently, some studies have explored the barriers to early integration of PC in the hospital setting. Because palliative care home care (PHC) is organised differently compared with PC in a hospital setting, the identification of barriers to the early integration of PHC is needed. Read More

Background: Competitions might encourage people to undertake and/or reinforce behaviour change, including smoking cessation. Competitions involve individuals or groups having the opportunity to win a prize following successful cessation, either through direct competition or by entry into a lottery or raffle.

Purpose: To further understand the stigma, attitudes towards, and recognition of Anorexia Nervosa (AN), the current study utilized both stigma and mental health literacy methodology. This study also included another psychological disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD) and a normal, lonely female (C) as comparison conditions.

Methods: Male (291) and female (576) undergraduate students read a vignette describing one of the conditions. Read More

Authors:

Research Institute of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Techniques to localize vector transgenes in cells and tissues are essential in order to fully characterize gene therapy outcomes. In situ hybridization (ISH) uses synthesized complementary RNA or DNA nucleotide probes to localize and detect sequences of interest in fixed cells, tissue sections, or whole tissue mounts. Variations in techniques include adding labels to probes, such as fluorophores, which can allow for the simultaneous visualization of multiple targets. Read More

Authors:

The adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) platform has developed into a primary modality for efficient in vivo, and in more limited settings, in vitro or ex vivo gene transfer. Its applications range from a tool for experimental purposes to preclinical and clinical gene therapy. The ability to accurately and reproducibly quantify vector concentration is critical for any of these applications. Read More

The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is the most economically important marine cage-farming fish in China in the past decade. However, the sustainable development of large yellow croaker aquaculture has been severely hampered by several diseases, of which, the white spot disease caused by ciliate protozoan parasite Cryptocaryon irritans ranks the most damaging disease in large yellow croaker cage farms. To better understand the genetic basis of parasite infection and disease resistance to C. Read More

Authors:

Department of Surgery, Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Complex, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.

Background: Snake envenomation is associated with major morbidity especially in low- and middle-income countries and may require fasciotomy. We determined patient factors associated with the need for fasciotomy after venomous snake bites in children located in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Methods: Single institutional review of historical data (2012-2017) for children (<18 years) sustaining snake envenomation was performed. Read More

Purpose: It was hypothesized in this in-vitro study that positioning a K-wire intersecting the cutting plane at the theoretical lateral hinge location would limit the cut depth and help preserve the lateral hinge during the opening of the osteotomy. Objectives were (1) to compare the mechanical resistance of the hinge and the protective effect of leaving the K-wire during the opening procedure (2) to check if the K-wire would limit the depth of the osteotomy.

Building the Tree of Life (ToL) is a major challenge of modern biology, requiring advances in cyberinfrastructure, data collection, theory, and more. Here, we argue that phylogenomics stands to benefit by embracing the many heterogeneous genomic signals emerging from the first decade of large-scale phylogenetic analysis spawned by high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Such signals include those most commonly encountered in phylogenomic datasets, such as incomplete lineage sorting, but also those reticulate processes emerging with greater frequency, such as recombination and introgression. Read More

Authors:

3Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Background: With the advancement of antiretroviral therapy and improved life expectancy, women living with HIV/AIDS are enjoying a better sexual life. Yet, the consistent utilization of contraceptive in such patients is highly recommended. There is paucity of data regarding contraceptive use among HIV-positive and negative women in Ethiopia. Read More

Background: Primary hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease, AD) and symmetrical lupoid onychodystrophy (SLO) are two clinical conditions with an autoimmune etiology that occur in multiple dog breeds. In man, autoimmunity is associated with polymorphisms in immune-related genes that result in a reduced threshold for, or defective regulation of, T cell activation. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes encode molecules that participate in these functions, and polymorphisms within these genes have been associated with autoimmune conditions in dogs and humans. Read More

The aim of the present study was to compare the in-hospital direct medical costs of patients with pelvic fracture treated with minimally invasive surgery (MIS) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). A retrospective, single-center, cohort, and comparative study was performed. Administrative information and clinical results, in addition to cost data, were collected and analyzed. Read More

Authors:

Department of Computer Architecture, University of Málaga and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.

The eclosion of data acquisition technologies has shifted the bottleneck in molecular biology research from data acquisition to data analysis. Such is the case in Comparative Genomics, where sequence analysis has transitioned from genes to genomes of several orders of magnitude larger. This fact has revealed the need to adapt software to work with huge experiments efficiently and to incorporate new data-analysis strategies to manage results from such studies. Read More

Elizabethkingia bruuniana is a novel species of the Elizabethkingia genus. There is scant information on this microorganism. Here, we report the whole-genome features and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of E. Read More

Late Pleistocene societies throughout the northern hemisphere used mammoth and mastodon ivory not only for art and adornment, but also for tools, in particular projectile points. A comparative analysis of the mechanical properties of tusk dentine from woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) and African elephant (Loxodonta africana) reveals similar longitudinal stiffness values that are comparable to those of cervid antler compacta. The longitudinal bending strength and work of fracture of proboscidean ivory are very high owing to its substantial collagen content and specific microstructure. Read More

The frequency of extreme drought and heavy rain events during the vegetation period will increase in Central Europe according to future climate change scenarios, which will affect the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems in multiple ways. In this study, we simulated an extreme drought event (40 days) at two different vegetation periods (spring and summer) to investigate season-related effects of drought and subsequent rewetting on nitrifiers and denitrifiers in a grassland soil. Abundance of the microbial groups of interest was assessed by quantification of functional genes (amoA, nirS/nirK and nosZ) via quantitative real-time PCR. Read More

Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.

Raptors are carnivorous birds including accipitrids (Accipitridae, Accipitriformes) and owls (Strigiformes), which are diurnal and nocturnal, respectively. To examine the evolutionary basis of adaptations to different light cycles and hunting behavior between accipitrids and owls, we de novo assembled besra (Accipiter virgatus, Accipitridae, Accipitriformes) and oriental scops owl (Otus sunia, Strigidae, Strigiformes) draft genomes. Comparative genomics demonstrated four PSGs (positively selected genes) (XRCC5, PRIMPOL, MDM2, and SIRT1) related to the response to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in accipitrids, and one PSG (ALCAM) associated with retina development in owls, which was consistent with their respective diurnal/nocturnal predatory lifestyles. Read More

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a protein exotoxin found on the cell surface of that is the source for multiple pathologies in man. When purified and concentrated in aerosol form, SEB can cause an acute and often fatal intoxication, and thus is considered a biological threat agent. There are currently no vaccines or treatments approved for human use. Read More

Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

Introduction: Hypertension is a major risk factor for recurrent stroke, and blood pressure (BP) reduction is associated with decreased risk of stroke recurrence. However, many stroke survivors have poorly controlled BP after their initial stroke. The Stroke Transitions Education and Prevention (STEP) Clinic was established to provide a comprehensive approach to stroke risk factor reduction. Read More

Authors:

Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.

Introduction: Female urinary incontinence (UI) is common affecting up to 45% of women. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the first-line treatment but there is uncertainty whether intensive PFMT is better than basic PFMT for long-term symptomatic improvement. It is also unclear which factors influence women's ability to perform PFMT long term and whether this has impacts on long-term outcomes. Read More

Background: Injuries caused by falling are a major health concern among older population. For older people, falls are the leading cause of head injuries; especially, persons with cognitive disorders have an increased risk of falling.

Objective: To compare the incidence of head injury and traumatic brain injury (TBI) among persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with persons without AD. Read More

The white shark (; Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) is one of the most publicly recognized marine animals. Here we report the genome sequence of the white shark and comparative evolutionary genomic analyses to the chondrichthyans, whale shark (Elasmobranchii) and elephant shark (Holocephali), as well as various vertebrates. The 4. Read More

Authors:

Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130

Network approaches in archaeology offer a promising avenue for facilitating bottom-up, comparative approaches to sociopolitical organization. While recent applications have focused primarily on migration and demographic trends, identity and identity politics, and the dynamics of geopolitical and regional interaction, little in the way of comparative sociopolitical organization has been attempted. In this study, I present an alternative approach to the use of sociotypological models across southern Appalachia. Read More

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