5 Preface This project was initiated and led by Bennett Zimmerman, a former Strategy Consultant with Bain & Company. Mr. Zimmerman holds an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School and has conducted numerous due diligence audits on business and governmental organizations. Roberta P. Seid, PhD, is a historian and former lecturer at the University of Southern California. She is a researcher and consultant on Israeli history, particularly on events surrounding Israel s War of Independence. Dr. Michael L. Wise, PhD, a physicist and expert in mathematic model techniques, is the founder and director of a wide range of public and private companies in the United States and Israel. The authors were engaged in both the primary research and the evaluation of all data and the population figures derived in this report. The authors worked closely with the leaders of an Israeli research team, Yoram Ettinger, a consultant to members of Israel's Cabinet and Knesset and a former Minister in Israel s Washington Embassy, and Brig. Gen. (Ret.) David Shahaf, former Head of the Civil Administration in the West Bank who co-led Israel's last demographic survey of the West Bank in The Israeli team also included Professor Ezra Zohar who has published research papers on demographics in Israel since 1970, Dr. David Passig, Head of the Graduate Program of Communication Technologies and an expert in forecasting at Bar-Ilan University, and Avraham Shvout, a demographer who has tracked both Jewish and Arab population in the West Bank. The Israeli research team collected primary data and reports that assisted the American team in its research and analysis. As the Israeli team included individuals who performed Israel s last population work for the West Bank and Gaza, they were well positioned to obtain vital information and had first-hand experience with demographic analyses of the West Bank and Gaza. The authors appreciated the contribution of the Israeli research team but take full responsibility for the work as it is presented in this document.

6

7 Acknowledgments The authors are, first and foremost, grateful to Dr. Nicholas Eberstadt for his invitation to debut our findings at the American Enterprise Institute on January 10, It was the first stop of a very exciting journey for much of Murray Feshbach of the Wilson Institute and Jim Philips of the Heritage Foundation also receive our appreciation, as well as Ambassador John Bolton, for opening the first door in Washington. We would like to thank Yuval Steinitz, Chairman of the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee and Dr. Yuri Stern, Chairman of the Government Operations Committee, for their courtesy and professionalism in providing the first public forums in which diverse opinions about demography were presented and welcomed, Dr. Yitzhak Ravid for his active review of our work and helpful feedback, and Professor Sergio DellaPergola, whose critical remarks challenged and ultimately strengthened our work and our conclusions. The authors could not have completed this study without Yoram Ettinger and the rest of our Israeli Team whom we thank for finding the facts and opening doors for us in Israel. We especially appreciate the support of Prof. Efraim Inbar for his close readings of our manuscript and his suggestions, which were always on the mark. We also thank Kent Klineman, Heather Lobenstein, and Tamara Sternlieb for their careful editing. Many thanks to Ruthi Blum and Caroline Glick who provided unique insight and perspective to our work, and to Haim Rosenberg, Yakov Maor and Moshik Kovarsky in Israel and Gary Ratner, Alyson Taylor, Esther Kandel, Avi Davis, Samuel Appelbaum, Roz Rothstein, Peter Mandel, Blossom Siegel, and Harvey Karp in the USA. Arnold Seid, Michael Seid, Batya Wise and the extended Wise and Seid clans thanks always. And finally, thanks to the demographic mom, Dr. Ester Fiszgop.

8

9 Chapter 1: Introduction and Summary of Results This study assesses the source and veracity of population reports issued annually by the Palestinian Authority (PA) since The goal is to calculate an accurate population estimate for the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (the Territories) through mid-year The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (ICBS) had been responsible for recording population data in the Territories during Israel s Civil Administration from 1967 until when, in conformity with the 1993 Oslo Accords, it transferred this responsibility to the PA and ceased its own work. The PA established the Palestine Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) to perform this function. In 1997, it conducted its first census and used the results to develop population growth projections for each year from 1998 to It is these predictions that the PA has officially issued each year as its population size. These statistics have been routinely accepted by Israeli government agencies, the UN, the World Bank, the EU, the US State Department, and many demographers have used the PCBS data for their own projections. 2 However, the PCBS methodology, statistics, and assumptions have never been fully examined or evaluated. This study examines the 1997 Census, both in its definition of de facto residents and against other population estimates from that era, and compares the PCBS projections to actual reported births, deaths and immigration recorded annually by official Palestinian and Israeli agencies. In this research, the West Bank population does not include Arabs living inside the Israeli-designated municipal boundaries of Jerusalem. This population is already recorded by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (ICBS) in its population surveys of Israel. This study reveals major discrepancies in the PCBS forecast. The 1997 PCBS beginning population base for de facto residents was inflated by: Inclusion of Non-residents: The 1997 PCBS Census base included 325,000 Palestinian Arabs living abroad, even though these individuals had lived outside the Territories for many years. This group comprised 13% of the PCBS reported population base. Reduction: 325,000

10 MIDEAST SECURITY AND POLICY STUDIES Inclusion of Jerusalem Arabs in West Bank Figures: Jerusalem Arabs who were already counted in Israel s population survey were also counted in the PCBS population estimate for the West Bank. Reduction: 210,000 Unexplained Increase over ICBS Records: The 1997 PCBS census included an additional 113,000 rise above the last ICBS figures for the Territories. Yet, PA Central Election Commission reports for adults voting in 2005 substantiated the ICBS population records from the mid-1990s. Reduction: 113,000 The PCBS Model s projections with respect to births and immigration were not met in any year between 1997 and Fewer Births: According to reports current through January 2005, the PA Ministry of Health recorded fewer annual births between 1997 and 2003 than the PCBS had predicted for each of those years. These lower birth figures are consistent with PA Ministry of Education figures for students entering school six years later. Reduction: 238,000 Alterations of Recorded Birth Data: In its more recent reports, the PA Ministry of Health retroactively raised the number of births it had reported prior to the release of the 1997 PCBS census. Using data at originally reported levels lowers the number of births even further. Reduction: 70,000 Net Immigration and Emigration Error: Instead of the large immigration originally forecast by the PCBS, the Territories experienced a steady net emigration abroad. The PCBS predicted 236,000 would move into the Territories between 1997 and Instead, 74,000 left. Reduction: 310,000 Migration to Israel: Many residents of the Territories moved to pre Israel and Jerusalem. No adjustments were made for unofficial immigration as there is little data on this group. However, 2

11 THE MILLION PERSON GAP immigrants who legally received Israeli IDs according to Israel Ministry of Interior reports from 1997 to 2003 were removed from the PCBS count. Reduction: 105,000 When adjusting for the PCBS errors, the Arab population in the Territories at mid-year 2004 was calculated at 2.49 million rather than the 3.83 million reported by the PCBS a gap of 1.34 million persons. As a consequence, the population growth rates were considerably lower than has been assumed. Taken together, these overestimates by the PCBS compounded exponentially to produce a 50% overstatement of the 2004 Arab population in the Territories. Figure 1.1 shows the differences between the PCBS Model and the results of this study and the relative importance of each category in forming the gap. Since the results of this study were released on January 10, 2005, the PCBS has acknowledged some errors in its population model and has begun to lower both its current population estimate and its predictions about its future size. 3 This report also addresses those recent revisions and the PCBS response to this study. 3

13 THE MILLION PERSON GAP Chapter 2: Methodology and Sources The formula for measuring population is straightforward. After a beginning base population is determined, births and immigration in a given period are added and deaths and emigration are subtracted, producing a new base population at the end of the period. Expressed arithmetically, the formula is: Begin Population + Births Deaths + Immigration Emigration = End Population Measuring any population requires accurate reporting and verification of each of these factors. This study investigated, factor-by-factor, the actual data released by Palestinian and Israeli agencies since Third party data was used for comparative purposes. It is important to underline that this study used a bottom-up approach. Population calculations were based on a verified beginning population base and carefully researched data on actual annual births, deaths and migration. These results represent a historical analysis of demographic events that have already occurred. The calculation ends with 2004 and does not make projections about future population size or growth rates. The population results in this study were corroborated with statistical indicators, including election and school enrollment data, and with earlier projections and comparisons against regional and world population trends. Spectrum Demographic Software was used to verify that the arithmetic models produced in this study matched conventional demographic patterns in which there is consistency between population size, fertility rates and birth levels. 5 In contrast, many other demographic studies have employed a linear approach in which rough or outdated growth assumptions are applied year after year to a base population to arrive at new population estimates. If the population base and/or the rates are inaccurate, the results become seriously flawed. The errors in growth assumptions compound as they are applied to future years. The resulting models begin to diverge, exponentially, from the actual situation on the ground. Unless those who make such predictions 5

14 MIDEAST SECURITY AND POLICY STUDIES correct their errors about present population size and growth rates, their assessments about the future are meaningless. Real Data Yields Real Growth Rates This study did not use projected or estimated rates to calculate any population figures. Instead, it used data about demographic events that had occurred in previous years to construct a more accurate current population estimate for the Territories. This data was, in turn, used to calculate actual growth rates for the population in the West Bank and in Gaza. This study reports population growth rates released each year by relevant PA agencies for informational and comparative purposes only. These rates are often wrong since they were estimated in earlier years or depend on previous and often incorrect forecasts for population in the Territories. Annual population growth rates (PGRs) are calculated as the difference between the population base at the start and end of a year. Birthrates and death rates reflect the number of births or deaths per year as a percentage of the total population at the start of a year. Natural growth rates (NGRs) are equal to the annual birth rate less the annual death rate for a particular year. Total fertility rates (TFRs) measure the average number of children a woman is likely to have during her childbearing years if birth rates remain stable. Sources The primary sources used in this research were taken from PA agencies actively engaged in recording demographic events in the West Bank and Gaza. Data from each of these agencies was compared for consistency. The PA sources include: Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS): The PCBS conducted the 1997 census and issued population projections through Palestinian Ministry of Health (PA MOH): Since 1996, the PA MOH has kept detailed records on births and deaths, including the 6

15 THE MILLION PERSON GAP district where a birth occurred, the type of delivery, whether it took place at home or in a hospital and other facts. 7 Palestinian Central Election Commission (CEC): The CEC has issued reports on the number of eligible voters, aged 18 and above. The CEC issued these statistics for the parliamentary elections in 1996, the municipal elections scheduled for October 2004 and the presidential elections held in January Palestinian Ministry of Education (PA MOE): The PA MOE reported the number of children entering school each year and the number enrolled at each grade level. This information was used to test birth data of children born in earlier years. 9 Several Israeli agencies have critical information about the Arab population in the Territories from 1967 to the mid-1990s when Israel turned over most administrative functions to the PA. Israel continues to maintain border and migration statistics. The Israeli sources include: Israel Civil Administration for the Territories/Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (ICBS): As the civil administrator of the West Bank and Gaza, Israel performed an official census in 1967, kept official population records, issued IDs, kept health, inoculation and school records, and made demographic projections. In 1987, Israel updated the population registry of Gaza after the exchange of all ID cards. In , Israel performed a study of the West Bank in which population estimates were compared against independent sources such as the registration of residents, manpower surveys, student records and other measures. The ICBS continued to issue internal reports, which were obtained for this study, estimating the population for both the West Bank and Gaza through the end of This study relies on the ICBS for all population statistics on Israeli Jewish and Arab citizens residing within areas of Israeli jurisdiction. 10 Israel Border Police: Under the Oslo Accords, Israel continued to control the border crossings to Jordan and Egypt and to monitor the 7

16 MIDEAST SECURITY AND POLICY STUDIES Palestinian Arabs who used Ben-Gurion Airport to travel in and out of Israel. Consequently, the Israel Border Police has detailed records of exits and entries at all international borders for Israel, the West Bank and Gaza. 11 Israel s Ministry of the Interior maintained ID records for the West Bank and Gaza until the end of Israel s civil administration when they were turned over to the PA. The Ministry currently tracks the ID cards issued to immigrants from the West Bank and Gaza who have legally moved into pre-1967 Israel and Jerusalem. This data is a partial measurement of PA residents who have immigrated into Israel. 12 The agency does not track unofficial, or illegal, migration from the Territories into Israel. Many international agencies provide insights into various aspects of the PA population. The United Nations Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) keeps detailed records about Palestinian refugees, 13 and the World Bank 14 has sponsored multiple programs that include analysis of the Arab population in the West Bank and Gaza. The CIA World Factbook 15 and the UN Population Agency 16 are additional sources of regional and world statistics. 8

17 THE MILLION PERSON GAP The PCBS Model Chapter 3: The 1997 PCBS Model and Forecast On the night of December 9-10, 1997, the PCBS completed its first census and enumerated a population of million Arabs living in the West Bank and Gaza. After adjusting for a post-enumeration of 83,000 individuals (i.e. adjusting for data not fully recorded during the census) and adding 210,000 residents living in eastern Jerusalem, the PCBS released a final mid-year 1998 population figure of million for Arabs living in the Territories. When it released the final results, the PCBS also published a backdated figure for mid-year 1997 of million. 17 The PCBS then used the results of the census as the basis to construct projections about the expected size of the population for each year from 1998 to In 1998, it summarized this forecast in Demographic Indicators of Population (This document is included as Appendix A.) By assuming high birthrates, low death rates, and massive immigration rates, the PCBS projected a compound annual population growth rate of 4.75% between 1997 and 2004 for the Territories. The PCBS also forecast that birthrates of 4.27% in 1997 would begin a gradual decline to 3.92% by Numerically, these births rates led to growing projections from 119,000 births in 1998 to 143,000 by 2003 as they were applied to a rapidly expanding population base. 18 The PCBS assumptions about immigration proved to be the most significant factor accelerating growth in its population model. The PCBS projected that immigration would progressively increase, from a level of approximately 14,000 immigrants in 1998 to more than 50,000 per annum beginning in This assumption led the PCBS to raise its annual population growth rates even while it projected a decline in birth rates. The PCBS projected overall population growth at 4.11% for 1997, with 3.79% from natural growth (4.27% birth rate less 0.48% death rate) and 0.32% from immigration. By 2003, the PCBS anticipated that overall annual growth would rise to 4.94% as immigration expectations jumped dramatically to 1.43% per annum even while natural growth was expected to decline to 3.51% (3.92% birth rate less 0.42% death rate). It has become almost 9

19 THE MILLION PERSON GAP axiomatic to describe the West Bank and Gaza as regions with the highest growth rates in the world. 20 Even though the PCBS projected gradually falling birth rates, it nonetheless forecast extraordinary growth rates built on assumptions of heavy immigration into the West Bank and Gaza. (See the PCBS model, Demographic Indicators of the Palestinian Territory, included as Appendix A.) Figure 3.1 explicitly computes the births, deaths and immigration contained each year in the original PCBS projection. The PCBS reported a mid-year 2004 population of million, exactly the same number forecast in And, in fact, the PCBS population figures, released each year since 1998, have always been a reiteration of a forecast made shortly after the publication of the 1997 Census results. The PCBS, until after the release of this study on January 10, 2005, never adjusted any of these figures to reflect actual reported demographic events. Factor-by-Factor Analysis of the PCBS Model In this section, the accuracy of the PCBS model is examined. First, the census base itself is investigated, including the definitions adopted by the PCBS and their implications. In addition, the population base is compared with measurements from the ICBS and other Palestinian agencies. Second, the births, deaths and immigration forecast by the PCBS is compared with records of actual events that occurred in each of the seven years beginning in 1997 and ending in This factor-by-factor analysis provides the data required to calculate an accurate population figure for the West Bank and Gaza for each year since A. The PCBS 1997 Base Population Before Census: Prior to the PCBS Census in December 1997, Israeli and PA estimates for the Arab residential population in the Territories, excluding eastern Jerusalem, were similar. The last ICBS internal estimate was million at the end of The PA Ministry of Health (MOH) released its own population estimate for 1996 of million, only 159,000 higher than the Israeli figure. 23 (See Figure 3.2.) 11

20 MIDEAST SECURITY AND POLICY STUDIES Figure 3.2 West Bank and Gaza Population Estimates, (In Thousands) ICBS 1993 ICBS 1995 ICBS 1996 PA MOH 1996 West Bank 1,084 1,199 1,237 1,317 Gaza Total 1,832 2,041 2,111 2,270 Census Era: In 1998, the PCBS published the results of its December 1997 Census which enumerated million individuals in the West Bank and Gaza. From the census data, the PCBS estimated a mid-year 1998 population of million for the West Bank and Gaza and issued a backdated estimate for a mid-year 1997 population of million. 25 This mid-year 1997 figure became the starting point for the PCBS population projections. (See Figure 3.3.) Figure 3.3 Results of PCBS 1997 Census 26 (In Thousands) West Bank Gaza Total Population Enumerated in December 1,602 1,000 2, Census Post-Enumeration Eastern Jerusalem Arabs Total Mid-Year ,875 1,021 2,896 Total Backdated to Mid-Year , ,783 Thus, with the publication of these results, the gap between the PCBS and ICBS figures widened dramatically. In December 1997, the ICBS compiled its last internal report for Arab population in the Territories for year-end 1996 as million. 27 When the ICBS year-end figures are brought 12

21 THE MILLION PERSON GAP forward by six months to a mid-year 1997 estimate of million (22,000 in half-year growth based on PA MOH and Israel Border data), the PCBS mid-year 1997 estimate of million is a full 648,000 higher than ICBS measurements. Inclusion of Eastern Jerusalem Arabs 210,000 of the gap arose from the PCBS decision to include Arabs living in eastern Jerusalem in While the Oslo Accords restricted the PCBS activities to areas outside the Israeli-defined municipal boundaries of Jerusalem, the PCBS considers eastern Jerusalem part of the West Bank. As a result, the PCBS included the figures for eastern Jerusalem Arabs, as reported in ICBS population surveys, in its own estimates for the West Bank population. 28 Excluding these eastern Jerusalem Arabs, the PCBS mid-year 1997 estimate of million exposed a remaining 438,000 gap between ICBS and PCBS population estimates for the West Bank and Gaza. Figure 3.4 summarizes the gaps that arose between ICBS and PCBS data by mid-year Did the Israelis undercount or did the PA over count? The answer lies not in a major counting difference but rather in different definitions of who was considered a de facto resident of the Territories. Inclusion of Non-Residents During Israel s Civil Administration of the Territories, there were differences between population calculations based on the registry of ID and birth records maintained by Israel s Ministry of Interior and those based on records from the ICBS which regularly estimated the population of de facto residents actually present in the Territories at any given time. According to the Civil Administration Survey of 1989, this discrepancy could be attributed to two factors: The Ministry of Interior registers million [in the West Bank], while the ICBS estimates that the total is 904,000. The ICBS assumes that there are two causes for the gap: (a) The Ministry of 13

WP 21 23 April 2010 UNITED NATIONS STATISTICAL COMMISSION and ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (EUROSTAT) CONFERENCE OF EUROPEAN STATISTICIANS Joint Eurostat/UNECE

Global Demographic Trends and their Implications for Employment BACKGROUND RESEARCH PAPER David Lam and Murray Leibbrandt Submitted to the High Level Panel on the Post-2015 Development Agenda This paper

Dear Delegates, It is a pleasure to welcome you to the 2016 Montessori Model United Nations Conference. The following pages intend to guide you in the research of the topics that will be debated at MMUN

Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United States: January 2011 MICHAEL HOEFER, NANCY RYTINA, AND BRYAN BAKER This report provides estimates of the size of the unauthorized

Center for Immigration Studies CENTER FOR IMMIGRATION STUDIES October 2013 How Many New Voters Would S.744 Create? A look at the electoral implications of the Gang of Eight immigration bill By Steven A.

Palestinian Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI): A Teacher s Guide By Moshe Abelesz, The Lookstein Center I. Background Information, 1937-1949 In the Middle East there are two peoples struggling

Illegal Alien Resident Population Summary About 5.0 million undocumented immigrants were residing in the United States in October 1996, with a range of about 4.6 to 5.4 million (See Table 1). The population

As the preceding chapters demonstrate, settlements and other Israeli infrastructure have a profound impact on Palestinian life. They deprive Palestinians of access to land and limit their ability to move

The International Migrant Stock: A Global View United Nations Population Division International migration is increasingly recognized as an important issue in the modern world where economic globalization

Projections of the Size and Composition of the U.S. Population: to Population Estimates and Projections Current Population Reports By Sandra L. Colby and Jennifer M. Ortman Issued March 15 P25-1143 INTRODUCTION

BEGIN-SADAT CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES For more than a year, Israeli soldiers and citizens have been subject to a sustained series of attacks by security forces and terrorist gangs under the tutelage

The civil service human resource management reform application headquarters Leading changes for the future Beginning to apply reform in civil service: For the future of us all ירושלים, תשרי תשע"ג, אוקטובר

GAO United States General Accounting Office Testimony Before the Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives For Release on Delivery Expected at 10 a.m. EDT Wednesday July 16, 1997 SMALL BUSINESS

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of that license and the conditions of use of materials on this

Law Hebrew University Faculty of INTERNATIONAL LL.M. International LL.M. program PROGRAM Hebrew University Dear Candidates, YUVAL SHANY Dean of the Faculty Thank you for your interest in our international

10 The Number of Jews in the United States: Definitions and Methodologies in Contradictory Surveys 2013 was exceptionally fruitful in terms of national surveys of Jews in the United States. Findings from

2011 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS OF TURKEY 1. BACKGROUND In Turkey, the first population census was carried out in 1927. The following population censuses were carried out between 1935 and 1990 regularly,

WEST ST. PAUL SCHOOL DISTRICT #197 ENROLLMENT PROJECTIONS Hazel H. Reinhardt 5/1/2012 WEST ST. PAUL SCHOOL DISTRICT ENROLLMENT PROJECTIONS Executive Summary Enrollment in the West St. Paul Public Schools

Children in Egypt 2014 A STATISTICAL DIGEST CHAPTER 1 DEMOGRAPHY Children in Egypt 2014 is a statistical digest produced by UNICEF Egypt to present updated and quality data on major dimensions of child

Committee for the Evaluation of Business Administration Study-Programs The Open University of Israel Department of Management and Economics Evaluation Report April 2007 Contents Chapter 1: Background.2-3

Arab-Israeli Conflict Map Analysis Activity Look at the maps of Israel and Palestine from 1517 to 2003. What can we learn about history from looking at these maps? What questions do you have as a result

In the Supreme Court HCJ 9594/03 sitting as the High Court of Justice B Tselem et al. represented by attorneys Stein et al. The Petitioners v. Judge Advocate General represented by the State Attorney s

Public Bill Committee on the Immigration Bill Universities UK written evidence November 2013 Summary 1. Universities UK, which represents university vice-chancellors, is concerned about provisions in the

Overview of the UK Population Coverage: UK Date: 05 November 2015 Geographical Area: Region Theme: Population Introduction This report gives an overview of the UK population. It examines the size and characteristics

Population Briefing International student migration What do the statistics tell us? January 2016 Population Briefing Student migration - what do the statistics tell us? 1. Introduction 1.1 International

Actuarial Report on the CANADA STUDENT LOANS PROGRAM as at 31 July 2001 Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Office of the Chief Actuary Bureau du surintendant des institutions financières

New South Wales State and Regional Population Projections 21-251 251 24 Release TRANSPORT AND POPULATION DATA CENTRE THE TRANSPORT AND POPULATION DATA CENTRE (TPDC) The TPDC is located in the NSW Department

Occasional Studies A Comparative Analysis of Income Statistics for the District of Columbia ACS Income Estimates vs. DC Individual Income Tax Data Jayron Lashgari Office of Revenue Analysis Office of the

Computation of dropout in schools supervised by the Ministry of Education during the school year and in the transition to the following year Michal Salansky, Haim Portnoy Data sources currently used ICBS's

Anti-Arab Sentiment in Israel by: Eli Ungar-Sargon Over the past three years, my wife Pennie and I have been working on a documentary film about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. During our second production

New Zealand Population Review, 26(2), 45-65. Copyright 2000 Population Association of New Zealand Population Futures for Australia and New Zealand: An Analysis of the Options PETER MCDONALD * REBECCA KIPPEN

2. Germany (a) Past trends While the total fertility rate increased steadily from 2.1 to 2.4 children per woman between 15-155 and 1-15, Germany experienced a continuous decline afterwards, to 1. children

19 November 2012 Population Projections for 2012 Current demographic trends are to lead Spain to lose one tenth of its population in the coming 40 years From 2018 onwards, there will be more deaths than

The status of education in Palestine shows a mixed picture. Although the population is one of the most literate in the world, the education system is in disrepair and failing, due largely to effects of

QUANTIFICATION OF MIGRATION The Mexican-origin Population of the United States in the Twentieth Century Jennifer E. Glick & Jennifer Van Hook The Mexican-origin population in the United States has grown

NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD FOR RELEASE May 12, 2015 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON THIS REPORT: Jens Manuel Krogstad, Writer/Editor Mark Hugo Lopez, Director of Hispanic Research Molly Rohal,

The Decree of the President of Ukraine, #622/2011 On the Concept of State Migration Policy With a purpose of creation of proper conditions for realization of state policy in the sphere of migration I hereby

A Series of Modest Proposals to Build 21 st Century Skills Tapping the Resources of America s Community Colleges: A Modest Proposal to Provide Universal Access to Computer Training Robert J. Shapiro July

DataWatch The Effects Of Aging And Population Growth On Health Care Costs by Daniel N. Mendelson and William B. Schwartz Abstract: Aging and population growth both contribute importantly to the rise in

THE ROUTLEDGE ATLAS OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT 8th Edition Martin Gilbert J Routledge j j j ^ ^ Taylor&.Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK Maps PART ONE: PRELUDE TO CONFLICT 1 The Jews of Palestine before

II. NET INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION A. GLOBAL TRENDS During the period 195-21, the developed regions experienced population gains from positive net international migration while the developing regions were

University of Texas at Austin Department of Statistics and Data Sciences Statistics in Action Series September 16, 2015 Austin, TX Demography the study of the size, distribution, and composition of populations;

GAO United States General Accounting Office Testimony Before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations, Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives

Committee for the Evaluation of Business Administration Study-Programs University of Haifa Faculty of Social Sciences Graduate School of Management Evaluation Report April 2007 Contents Chapter 1: Background.2-3

Maps of History: Israel in the Middle East Israel 101: Pages 2-3 and 6-7 Rationale and Goals Historical developments can often be conveyed most simply by maps. This unit focuses on a series of maps about

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report March 1997, NCJ-160092 Lifetime Likelihood of Going to State or Federal Prison By Thomas P. Bonczar and

UNITED NATIONS SECRETARIAT ESA/STAT/AC.119/17 Department of Economic and Social Affairs November 2006 Statistics Division English only United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Measuring international migration:

The 2006 Earnings Public-Use Microdata File: An Introduction by Michael Compson* This article introduces the 2006 Earnings Public-Use File (EPUF) and provides important background information on the file

A Context for Change Management in the Capital al District Future Population, Labour Force, Employment and Housing in the Capital al District URBAN FUTURES FINAL REPORT AUGUST 2009 A Context for Change

Student Handout #1: A Brief History of Canadian Citizenship Section One: Citizenship The concept of citizenship goes all the way back to ancient Greece. In the Greek city states, citizens were people who

The Migration Policy Institute is an independent, non-partisan, and non-profit think tank dedicated to the study of the movement of people worldwide. The institute provides analysis, development, and evaluation

Errors and omissions in the balance of payments statistics a problem? BY GUNNAR BLOMBERG, LARS FORSS AND INGVAR KARLSSON The authors work in the Monetary Policy Department. The balance of payments statistics

Orange County PROFILES VOLUME 10, NUMBER 1 MARCH 2005 CENTER FOR DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH ORANGE COUNTY MOVERS: 1995-2000 INTRODUCTION Three events change population size and composition in a particular area:

Summary CSI 24: How do Europeans differ in their attitudes to immigration? Overall, from our sample of 21 European countries, Sweden has the most positive attitudes to immigration and the Czech Republic

A ROADMAP FOR THE FUTURE OF CALIFORNIA ELECTIONS In late 2011, a diverse group of organizations and individuals came together to develop a vision for the future of California elections. This group included

FACT SHEET CIRCLE The Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning & Engagement Youth Voter has Declined, by Any Measure By Peter Levine and Mark Hugo Lopez 1 September 2002 Measuring young people

Israel/Palestine: A Lesson Plan for Understanding the Middle East Conflict In recent years, a significant international debate has emerged as to whether the state of Israel is violating basic international

Core Concept: Israel is in conflict with some of its neighboring states and entities over where it can exist, and with others over whether it should exist at all. Israelis disagree on what steps should

Real Estate Property Tax in Israel and Tax Incentives for Foreign Direct Investors Investing in Israel By Amit Ben-Yehoshua, Attorney at Law China and Israel Israel and China, greatly differ in size and

2014 Population registration in Sweden In order for you to exercise your rights it is important that you are entered into the population register. You vote and pay taxes in the municipality where you live.

GermanY'S Population by 2060 Results of the 12th coordinated population projection Federal Statistisches Statistical Bundesamt Office GERMANY S POPULATION BY 2060 Results of the 12th coordinated population

I S S U E P A P E R kaiser commission on medicaid and the uninsured Changes in Health Insurance Coverage in the Great Recession, 2007-2010 John Holahan and Vicki Chen The Urban Institute Executive Summary

National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Guidelines for International Students Applying to NTUST Spring 2015 English-taught programs Introduction National Taiwan University of Science and Technology

GREEK ACTION PLAN ON ASYLUM AND MIGRATION MANAGEMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Greek Government is establishing an effective, humane oriented response to the current migration challenges including the need

World Population Day, 11 July 215 34/215 STATISTICAL REFLECTIONS 16 July 215 Contents The world s population...1 Past features of population growth...1 Fertility...2 Mortality, life expectancy...2 International

What s covered? An analysis of university travel policies and implications for campus leadership Association of International Education Administrators (AIEA) Annual Conference February 16, 2015. Washington,

Ministry of Finance Chief Economist - Research, State Revenue and International Affairs June 2013 Forecasts of Macroeconomic Developments, State Revenues from Taxes and Revenue from Other Sources, 2013-2014

CARIM East Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration Co-financed by the European Union Policy on Migration and Diasporas in Georgia Natia Chelidze CARIM-East Explanatory Note 12/33 Socio-Political