The beds/ ore bodies are named by their localities, where they predominate. For ease of understand, Kuch Bed and Chichali Bedtogether will be referred to as “Upper Bed ”, while Makerwal Bed as “Lower Bed ”.

According to studies undertaken by United Nations Special Fund in collaboration with Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) and Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation (PIDC), estimated reserves of these deposits are about 298 million M. T which include:-

Successful enrichment of the sinter up to 41% Fe with addition of higher grade ore

Salzgitter Trials, Germany (1965)

15,000 tonnes of Chichali ore was smelted using acid practice by using 650 kg coke per tonne of iron produced with 1,540 kg slag. 46 kg oil per tonne iron was injected and average blast temperature was 1035 Cº

High intensity magnetic separation and floatation tests. Was not found suitable for iron production

Lower value of iron and high silica

Prospects of Utilization of Chichali iron ore by PCSIR, Lahore (1987)

Mineralogical, chemical, magnetic separation and floatation studies were carried out

Workshop On Most Appropriate Method for Iron Making From Kalabagh Iron Ore in Pakistan (2005)

S.H Farooqui, Chairman Eastern Technique (Pvt) Ltd., Islamabad suggestedthat although Krupp Renn Process has become obsolete in the world and its plants have been closed down even in Germany these days but it suits most to the raw material conditions prevailing in Pakistan i.e. low grade iron ores and lack of coking coals. This direct reduction process is the only process which allows the use of low grade non coking fuels and low grade iron ores. And it has already been successfully tried in Germany on our iron ores with our coals. Smelting Acid Blast Furnace technique was recommended.