Background:Why these 1 to 14 blogs on George Peabody?The authors attended George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville (renamed Peabody College of Vanderbilt Univ. July 1, 1979).Franklin Parker’s doctoral dissertation, “George Peabody, Founder of Modern Philanthropy,” 1956,has been an ongoing research and writing interest for over 50 years.The authors’ intent is to perpetuate public memory of him.

George Peabody, now largely forgotten by scholars and the public, was significant as: 1-a Massachusetts-born merchant in the U.S. South, beginning as junior partner in Riggs, Peabody & Co. (1814-29); then head of Peabody, Riggs & Co. (1829-43), importing dry goods and other commodities worldwide for sale to U.S. wholesalers.He transformed himself from merchant into: 2-a London-based merchant-banker, George Peabody & Co. (1838-64), which helped finance the B&O RR, the 2nd Mexican War Loan, the Atlantic Cable, and by choosing Junius Spencer Morgan (1813-90) as partner Oct. 1, 1854, was a root of the JP Morgan international banking firm.

Merchant-turned-banker George Peabody finally became:3-the best known U.S. philanthropist of the 1850s-60s, founding the Peabody Homes of London for the working poor; founder in the U.S. of 7 Peabody Libraries and Lecture Halls; the Peabody Conservatory of Music, Baltimore; three Peabody Museums at Harvard (Anthropology), Yale (Paleontology), and the Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA (maritime history);and founder of the Peabody Education Fund for the South (1867-1914), a model for all later larger U.S. funds and foundations.

Two tributes to George Peabody:

Historian John Steele Gordon called George Peabody the “Most Underrated Philanthropist….Peabody is unjustly forgotten today, but his unprecedented generosity was greatly appreciated in his time.”Ref.: American Heritage. Vol. 50, No. 3 (May-June 1999), pp. 68-69.

“The Peabody Fund, established in 1867 by George Peabody to assist southern education, is often credited with being the first foundation….”Ref.: Reader’s Companion to American History, ed. by Eric Foner and John A. Garraty (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991).Internet: http://HistoryChannel.com/

End of Background.HTML symbols are intended for blogging (ignore).This concluding Part 14 of 14 Parts covers from: References. Newspapers,New York Daily Times, Sept. 24, 1856 to End of Manuscript.

New York Daily Times, Sept. 24, 1856, p. 1, c. 5 (GP declined public dinner offered by NYC delegation greeting him on his arrival on the Atlantic, Sept. 15, 1856, after nearly 20 years’ absence in London.He explained that he had promised to be greeted first publicly by his hometown friends in South Danvers, Mass.).

New York Times, Feb. 9, 1858, p. 4, c. 6. (To correct late Dec. 1857 press report of his firm’s Bank of England loan in the Panic of 1857,GP wrote the editor that he owed creditors ƒ2.3 million [not ƒ30 million as reported] when he applied for a ƒ800,000 loan, but took only ƒ300,000, and that at the time of the loan, he had paid ƒ1.5 million of the ƒ2.3 million he owed creditors.“Our losses,” he wrote, “will be but trifling”).

New York Times, Feb. 18, 1858, p. 4, c. 6 (GP wrote the New York Times editor again to correct late Dec. 1857 press report of his firm’s Bank of England loan in the Panic of 1857.GP wrote that he had secured the loan not on securities, which the charter of the Bank of England forbade, but on English friends who guaranteed ƒ90,000 of his firm’s ƒ300,000 loan).

New York Times, Aug. 4, 1858, p. 2, c. 1-2 (GP’s July 9, 1858, Crystal Palace dinner for 50 Americans, including U.S. Minister to Britain G.M. Dallas and family, Baltimorean John Pendleton Kennedy, and London Times editor Marmaduke Blake Sampson).

New York Times, Aug. 8, 1858, p. 2, c. 1-2 (GP’s July 22, 1858, dinner, toasts, speeches, Star and Garter, Richmond near London, attended by 30 Britons and 60 Americans, with U.S. Minister to France John Young Mason as guest of honor, and guests including Baltimorean John Pendleton Kennedy and New York Times founder and first editor Henry Jarvis Raymond).

New York Times, Jan. 12, 1860, p. 1, c. 6 (Reprinted GP’s Dec. 23, 1859, letter to the Baltimore American editor denying rumor of a rift between himself and his partner J.S. Morgan after the Panic of 1857, denying the charge made of GP using the London Timesto attack rivals, and denying other allegations and inaccuracies, made in Editor James Gordon Bennett’s New York Herald, Sept. 20, 1859, p. 2, c. 2; and Oct. 12, 1859, p. 2, c. 2).

New York Times, May 23, 1861, p. 1, c. 1 (Report that Confederate emissary Ambrose DudleyMann tried to get GP to sell Confederate bonds to European investors but was “firmly repulsed”).

New York Times, April 9, 1862, p. 8, c. 5; and p. 9, c. 2 (Editorial and British press favorable reaction to GP’s March 12, 1862, $750,000 gift for housing London’s working poor).`

New York Times, March 15, 1866, p. 4, c. 5 (GP’s second gift of $500,000 to Peabody Donation Fund for London housing, April 19, 1866.GP’s total gift, 1862-69, $2.5 million).

New York Times, April 16, 1866, p. 1, c. 4; and April 27, 1866, p. 1, c. 6 (Queen Victoria’s March 28, 1866, letter to GP thanking him for his March 12, 1862, Peabody Donation Fund, London, to build apartments for London’s working poor; and stating that she was having a miniature portrait of herself especially painted for him.Also, GP’s April 3, 1866, reply to Queen Victoria).

New York Times, May 1, 1866 (GP present at the prize-giving ceremony of the Workingmen’s Industrial Exhibition, London).

New York Times, May 3, 1866, p. 4, c. 6; and p. 11, c. 1 (GP arrived in NYC on his May 1, 1866 to May 1, 1867, U.S. visit).

New York Times, Oct. 27, 1866, p. 4, c. 3-4 (Defense of GP by anonymous letter writer answering “S.P.Q.’s” letter printed in NYC Evening Post, Oct. 25, 1866, p. 2, c. 2, charging GP as Civil War profiteer at the Union’s expense, of not contributing to the U.S. Sanitary Commission, and of giving money to the London poor rather than money to raise and clothe a single Union recruit).

New York Times, Oct. 31, 1866, p. 4, c. 7 (Letter writer identified as “A Twenty-Five Years’ Acquaintance” [may have been Thurlow Weed] defended GP as Union supporter against1-”S.P.Q.’s” charges printed in NYC Evening Post, Oct. 25, 1866, p. 2, c. 2, that GP was a Civil War profiteer at the Union’s expense, that GP never contributed to the U.S. Sanitary Commission, and that he gave money to the London poor rather than money to raise and clothe a single Union recruit; and against similar charges by 2-owner-editor Samuel Bowles, Springfield Daily Republican, Oct. 27, 1866, p. 4, c. 2).

New York Times, March 9, 1867, p. 1, c. 5 (On Congressional gold medal to GP in thanks for the PEF, similar to New York Herald, May 29, 1868, p. 3, c. 6, entry above).

New York Times, March 26, 1867, p. 8, c. 1 (Meeting of PEF trustees).

New York Times, April 1, 1867, p.1, c. 6 (Description of Queen Victoria’s gift to GP of her portrait by British artist F.A.C. Tilt, a photo of which in miniature was enameled on porcelain and set in a gold frame; seen by GP March 1867, deposited in specially built vault, Peabody Institute Library, Peabody, Mass., since April 28, 1868).

New York Times, April 9, 1867, p. 5, c. 3 (GP’s reply to invitation from Charleston, S.C. board of trade).

New York Times, April 21, 1867, p. 1, c. 7 (PEF proposed plan to aid public education in the eleven former Confederate states plus W.Va., added because of its poverty).

New York Times, April 21,1867, p. 6, c. 1-2 (GP’s April 18, 1867, farewell speech in Georgetown, Mass.: “Here, since the earliest days of New England, my maternal ancestors lived and died.More of my family connections live here now than any other place.More than sixty years ago, I distinctly remember, a promised visit to Rowley was one of my brightest anticipations.Here my mother was born, she whom I loved so much, whose memory I revere.Here she passed her childhood and therefore these scenes are to me consecrated ground”).

New York Times, Jan. 11, 1868, p. 5, c. 2 (John Greenleaf Whittier later wrote that he would not have written “Memorial Hymn,” a poem read Jan. 8, 1868, at the dedication of Memorial Church, Georgetown, Mass., GP built in his mother’s memory in her hometown, had he known of GP’s condition, that the church “exclude political and other subjects not in keeping with its religious purpose.”See Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, entry above).

New York Times, May 26, 1868, p. 2, c. 2-3 (On Congressional gold medal to GP for the PEF, similar to New York Herald, May 29, 1868, p. 3, c. 6, entry above).

New York Times, Aug. 4, 1868, p. 2, c. 2 (Recalled details of GP’s first large-scale [over 800 guests] U.S.-British July 4, 1851, friendship dinner, Willis’s Rooms, London, in connection with the Great Exhibition, 1851, London.GP overcame British society’s reluctance to attend by getting the Duke of Wellington as guest of honor).

New York Times, Jan. 29, 1869, p. 5, c. 5 (On Congressional gold medal to GP for the PEF, similar to New York Herald, May 29, 1868, p. 3, c. 6, entry above).

New York Times, June 9, 1869, p. 5, c. 1-2 (On GP’s arrival in NYC for his June 8 to Sept. 29, 1869, last U.S. visit; described Peabody Homes of London; article was sympathetic to GP on many begging letters sent him and the abuse heaped on him when they were unanswered).

New York Times, June 19, 1869, p. 4, c. 2 (Obituary of Henry Jarvis Raymond, founder and first editor of the New York Times, who was at GP’s July 22, 1858, dinner, Star and Garter Hotel, Richmond, near London, attended by about 60 Americans and 30 Britons.U.S. Minister to France John Young Mason was guest of honor.H.J. Raymond toasted “the Press.”Baltimorean John Pendleton Kennedy toasted “the City of London.”See:New York Times, Aug. 8, 1858, p. 2, c.1-2, entry above).

New York Times, July 31, 1869, p. 4, c. 7; and p. 5, c. 1 (GP visited Greenbrier Hotel, White Sulphur Springs, W.Va., July 23-Aug. 30, 1869.Former Va. Gov. H.A. Wise and others composed resolution of praise read to GP, July 28, 1869: “On behalf of the Southern people we tender thanks to Mr. Peabody for his aid to the cause of education…and hail him ‘benefactor.’”GP’s reply was also printed.GP spoke to and was photographed with Robert E. Lee, other former Civil War generals, and northern and southern educational and political leaders [Aug. 12].A spontaneous Peabody Ball was held in his honor [Aug. 11].Too ill to attend, he heard the merrymaking from his bungalow).

New York Times, Aug. 4, 1869, p. 2, c. 1 (GP won praise for his $15,000 loan to U.S. exhibitors at theGreat Exhibition, 1851, London, who were without U.S. congressional funds to display U.S. art and industrial products.GP was repaid by U.S. Congress three years later).

New York Times, Nov. 13, 1869, p. 3, c. 1 (Cited as source by GP funeral researcher Howard Allen Welch for U.S. Rear Adm. William Radford being instructed to send U.S. ship as GP funeral vessel.Queen Victoria and the government decided to outfit HMS Monarch as the funeral ship; it was escorted by USSPlymouth).

New York Times, Nov. 14, 1869, p. 3, c. 7 (On GP’s Nov. 4, 1869, death in London; his family and antecedents).

New York Times, Nov. 26, 1869, p. 2, c. 2-3 (New York TimesLondon reporter wrote of GP’s Nov. 12, 1869, Westminster Abbey funeral service:“My trans-Atlantic heart beat…quicker at the thought of clergy and nobility, Prime Minister and people, of this great realm gathered to lay [GP] among sleeping Kings and statesmen.The crowd outside was, if possible, more interesting than that within.The gaunt, famished London poor were gathered in thousands to testify their respect for the foreigner who has done more than any Englishman for their class, and whose last will contains an additional bequest to them of £150,000″).

New York Times, Dec. 22, 1869, p. 1, c. 4(U.S. House Resolution No. 96 asked Pres. U.S. Grant to order a naval reception of GP’s remains from England on U.S. territory “with the…dignity of a great people.”This resolution was introduced in the House on Dec. 15, 1869, debated and passed on Dec. 21, 1869, passed in the Senate on Dec. 23, 1869, and signed into law by Pres. Grant on Jan. 10, 1870).

New York Times, Dec. 23, 1869, p. 2, c. 3-4 (Thurlow Weed, “The Late George Peabody; A Vindication of his Course During the Civil War,” reprinted in Historical Collections of the Danvers Historical Society, Vol. 19 [1931], pp. 9-15; similar to Weed, Thurlow-a, entry under References: books, above).

New York Times, Jan. 25, 1870, p. 5, c. 3-4 (At GP’s Nov. 4, 1869, death England’s Solicitor General had to determine the legality of his property as a foreigner.It was determined that in 1866 GP bought through business friend and naturalized British subject Sir Curtis M. Lampson just over 13 acres of land at Stockwell near London, that he gave it in his will to the Peabody Donation Fund, that while it reverted to the Crown because he was not a British subject, the Crown in turn gave it to the Peabody Donation Fund of London).

New York Times, Jan. 27, 1870, p. 1, c. 5-7 (During his 1866-67 U.S. visit GP told friends in NYC about the only instance he made money in the Civil War involving Confederate bonds.In London early in the Civil War some investment capitalists asked his advice about buying Confederate bonds.He said that such bonds would depreciate within a year.Doubting him, a few asked that he write down this opinion, and that whosoever was right, he or they, would win a $60,000 wager.A year later when the bonds depreciated GP held them to the wager and said that was the only money he ever made from Confederate bonds.Md. legislature’s resolutions on GP’s death, which read in part: “…his name will stand preeminent in history…generations yet unborn will learn to venerate his memory.”Robert Charles Winthrop and citizens’ committee left Boston Jan. 26, 1870, for the Portland, Me., naval reception and for the Peabody, Mass., eulogy and burial.Arrival in Portland, Me., of U.S. naval squadron to receive HMSMonarch funeral ship and accompanying USS Plymouth.Has list and history of GP’s philanthropies).

New York Times, Feb. 2, 1870, p. 5, c. 1-3 (Transfer on Jan. 29, 1870, of GP’s coffin from HMS Monarch to Portland City Hall, Me.; the many visitors on Jan. 31 to the lying in state in the Portland City Hall auditorium, specially decorated by marine artist Harrison Bird Brown; and the transfer of the coffin from Portland City Hall on Feb. 1, 1870, to a specially decorated funeral train.The train’s route went to Kennebunk, Me.; Portsmouth, N.H.; and in Mass. to Newburyport, Ipswich, Beverly, and Peabody, Mass.).

New York Times, Feb 9, 1870, p. 1, c. 4-7 (Described Boston’s C.W. Barth and staff’s solemn decoration of the Peabody Institute Library’s main reading room for GP’s last lying in state, Peabody, Mass., Feb. 1-8, 1870.Philanthropic advisor Robert Charles Winthrop’s widely reprinted Feb. 8, 1870, GP funeral eulogy, South Congregational Church, Peabody, Mass.: 1-how GP first shared with Winthrop his gifts ideas, possibly May 9, 1866, or in Oct. 1866, at Winthrop’s home, Brookline, Mass.When Winthrop expressed amazement, GP said: “Why Mr. Winthrop, this is no new idea to me.From the earliest of my manhood, I have contemplated some such disposition of my property; and I have prayed my heavenly Father, day by day, that I might be enabled, before I died, to show my gratitude for the blessings which he has bestowed upon me by doing some great good to my fellow-men.”2-Described GP’s Nov 4, 1869, death at business friend Sir Curtis Miranda Lampson’s 80 Eaton Sq., London home; Nov. 12, 1869, Westminster Abbey funeral service; transatlantic journey of remains aboard HMS Monarch; landing at Portland, Maine, Jan. 25, 1870; funeral train to Peabody, Mass.Final burial, Harmony Grove Cemetery, Salem, Mass., Feb. 8, 1870).

New York Times, Feb. 27, 1870, p. 3 (Adm. David Glasgow Farragut was ill with pneumonia when placed in charge of U.S. naval reception of GP’s remains at Portland, Me., Jan. 25-Feb. 1, 1870, and died seven months later, Aug. 14, 1870.He arrived in Portland Jan. 22 with his wife and secretary, was met by the Portland funeral committee, and was escorted to the Falmouth Hotel to rest, while Mrs. Farragut visited her son, Lt. Farragut, Third U.S. Artillery, at nearby Fort Preble).

New York Times, May 13, 1926, p. 14, c. 1-2 (GP was one of 29 most famous Americans elected to the N.Y.U. Hall of Fame, 1900.In 1901 a tablet was unveiled and on May 12, 1926 a GP bust was unveiled, made by sculptor Hans Schuler, with an address by GPCFT Pres. Bruce R. Payne; similar to BaltimoreSun, May 9, 1926, Part 2, Sect. 1, p. 10, c. 2-5, entry above).

New York Times, Sunday, Feb. 28, 1988, John Gross, “A Banker with a Gift for Giving, A Golden Touch and a Taste for Dining Well,” Section 2, p. 39, c.1 (“Creating a Legend: George Peabody and the House of Morgan,” part of a larger Pierpont Morgan Library of N.Y. exhibit, shown from about Feb. 28 through May 8, 1988, described GP’s career, his founding of George Peabody & Co., London, that firm’s subsequent history, and other facts, and illustrated with a GP portrait and menus from GP’s London U.S.-British friendship dinners).

New York Times, July 14, 1995, XIII, CN, p. 17, c. 1, Bess Liebenson. “The Country’s First Modern Philanthropist” (Described plans for celebrating the bicentennial of GP’s birth [1795-1995] in the U.S. and in London.Showed portrait of a seated GP, commissioned to honor his Oct. 22, 1866, $150,000 gift founding the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University).

New York Times, July 14, 1996, p. 29, Marialisa Calta, “Gimme Shelter” (Described the Greenbrier Hotel, White Sulphur Springs, W.Va., when, during the Eisenhower cold war years it had a secret deep bunker for government officials in case of nuclear attack.The bunker, never used, was on alert during the 1962 Cuban missile crisis, a fact made public in 1992.GP on his last U.S. visit was at the Greenbrier, July 23-Aug. 30, 1869).

New York Tribune

New York Tribune, March 11, 1867, p. 2, c. 3 (GP reported to the press that about 4,000 letters begging for funds were burned in his presence).

New York Tribune, Dec. 14, 1869, p. 1, c. 1 (GP’s last will was written and witnessed in NYC, Sept. 9, 1869, and recorded in Salem, Mass., Sept. 10, 1869; similar to Salem Observer [Mass.], Jan. 15, 1870, entry above.Described handing over ceremony of GP’s remains from Westminster Abbey, London, to Portsmouth harbor on Dec. 11, 1869, and the coffin placed aboard HMSMonarchfor transatlantic crossing to New England).

Spirit of theTimes, July 26, 1851, p. 1, c. 2; and Aug. 2, 1851, p. 279 (U.S.-British press reported favorably on GP’s first large-scale [over 800 guests] U.S.-British July 4, 1851, friendship dinner, Willis’s Rooms, London, in connection with the Great Exhibition of 1851.GP overcame British society’s reluctance to attend by getting the Duke of Wellington as guest of honor).

N .Y., Oswego.Oswego DailyTimes

Oswego DailyTimes, April 25, 1857, p. 3, c. 1 (On April 25, 1857, GP and business friend Curtis Miranda Lampson were in Oswego, N.Y., to look into the affairs of the Syracuse and Binghamton Railroad, of which GP was a large stockholder.They met with several businessmen at Luther Wright’s bank to discuss how to finance the completion of the railroad line from Syracuse to Oswego).

Asheville Citizen-Times

Asheville Citizen-Times, Nov. 28, 1992, Ulrike Huhs, “Peabody Conservatory Generates Sounds of the Future,” p. C-4 (The Peabody Conservatory of Music of Johns Hopkins Univ. had the first computer music department which, with the Johns Hopkins Univ. engineering school, initiated an electronic music degree).

Dollar Newspaper, Jan. 19, 1848, p. 3, c. 7 (Obituary of Alexander Lardner, who married Esther Elizabeth Hoppin from Providence, R.I.GP was engaged to Esther Elizabeth Hoppin during 1838-39 in London when she attended Queen Victoria’s coronation.She broke the engagement, married her earlier beau, Alexander Lardner.They lived in Philadelphia and had two children.Artist Thomas Sully’s 1840 portrait of her is in NYC’s Frick Art Reference Library.She died in 1905.See: her obituary in Philadelphia Public Ledger, June 13, 1905, p. 7, c. 2, below).

Penn., Philadelphia Press

Philadelphia Press, Dec. 10, 1873, John W. Forney, “In Memorial: Death of Charles Macalester” (Obituary of Philadelphia financier Charles Macalester, who met GP in London, 1842, became GP’s Philadelphia agent, and was one of the 16 original PEF trustees and member of the PEF Finance Committee).

Public Ledger, Dec. 10, 1873, “Decease of Charles Macalester, Esq.” (Obituary of Philadelphia financier Charles Macalester, once GP’s Philadelphia agent, one of the 16 original PEF trustees, and member of the PEF Finance Committee; similar toPhiladelphia Press, Dec. 10, 1873, by John W. Forney).

Public Ledger, June 13, 1905, p. 7, c. 2 (Obituary of Esther Elizabeth Hoppin from Providence, R.I., engaged to GP during 1838-39 in London after she attended Queen Victoria’s coronation.She broke the engagement, married her earlier beau, Alexander Lardner, who died in 1848.They lived in Philadelphia and had two children.She died in 1905.Artist Thomas Sully’s 1840 portrait of her is in NYC’s Frick Art Reference Library.See: Alexander Lardner’s obituary, Phila.’sDollar Newspaper, Jan. 19, 1848, p. 3, c. 7 and Phila.’s Public Ledger, Jan. 15, 1848, p. 2, c. 4, above).

North American and United States Gazette, July 23, 1851, p. 1, c. 4 (Details of and praise for GP’s July 4, 1851, London, U.S.-British friendship dinner during the Great Exhibition of 1851, London, successful because of the Duke of Wellington’s attendance as guest of honor).

Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph.Shine, Bernice, “Schenley Park Donated by Girl Whose Romance Shocked a Queen,” September 15, 1941 (GP stayed in Pittsburgh, Penn., with Capt. and Mrs. Edward W.H. Schenley during April 14-16, 1857, where a reception was held in his honor.She later donated land for Schenley Park in Pittsburgh).

Providence Journal, Dec. 22, 1869, p. 2, c. 3 (Report of GP’s death and funeral recalled his broken engagement to Esther Elizabeth Hoppin, her marriage to Alexander Lardner, and his death in 1848.She died in 1905.Artist Thomas Sully’s 1840 portrait of her is in NYC’s Frick Art Reference Library; similar toPennsylvania Inquirer and National Gazette, Jan. 20, 1848, p. 2, c. 7, entry above).

Tenn., Nashville, Nashville Banner

Nashville Banner, Dec. 9, 1971, p. 39 (Review of Franklin Parker,GeorgePeabody, A Biography[Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1971], with photo of a profile of GP as a young man, taken from the dust jacket, portrait made from an original silhouette by Gary Gore, then design and promotion manager, Vanderbilt Univ. Press.His design was awarded a Gold Medal by the Art Directors’ Club, Nashville, 1971).

Nashville Banner, February 18, 1991, “VU’s Peabody Holds Top Ranking Again,” p. B-5 (PCofVU’s counseling program for preparing high school counselors rated top choice for several years).

Tennessean, May 28, 1984, pp. l-A-2-A, ” ‘Mr. Peabody’ Dr. Windrow Dies at 84″ (As GPCFT student, faculty member, and administrator for 60 years, John Edwin Windrow was an indefatigable GPCFT publicist.His GPCFT dissertation and book were on the life of Univ. of Nashville Chancellor John Berrien Lindsley).

Tennessean, Dec. 26, 1991, “New Peabody Dean Eager to Help State Change Face of Education,” p. B-3 (PCofVU under second Dean James Pellegrino).

Tennessean, May 7, 1995, p. 2D, Louis J. Salome, “George Peabody, More Than Just a College Name.” (Photo of bust of GP by sculptor Hans Schuler, unveiled May 12, 1926, New York University Hall of Fame Colonnade).

Tennessean, Sept. 2, 1996, p. 6A, “The First Nashville, 1780′s” (Described the origins and early history of Nashville, Tenn.).

Tennessean, June 24, 1997, p. 7B (Obituary of Felix Compton Robb, assistant to GPCFT Pres. Henry Harrington Hill from 1947, dean of instruction, and successor president of GPCFT during 1961-66.He was director, Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, 1966-82, was a trustee of several colleges, a consultant to various boards and foundations, and interim president, Tallulah Falls School, Ga.).

Tennessean, March 31, 2000, pp. B1, continued 6B, “VU Keeps its Hold on U.S. Rankings” (U.S.News & World Report ranked PCofVU as sixth best graduate education school for the second consecutive year).

Tennessean, April 30, 2000, p. 1B (The PCofVU’s Social-Religious Building was renamed, April 20, 2000, the Faye and Joe Wyatt Center for Education, after the retiring VU chancellor and his wife, under whom that historic building was renovated, 1993-96).

Tennessean, Aug. 22 and 23, 2000, both pp. 1A-2A. (Started in 1965, the John F. Kennedy Center for Research on Education and Human Development, PCofVU, Nashville, Tenn., with Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Foundation startup funds, is one of 14 federally funded mental retardation research centers.Its $11 million budget in 2000 enabled advanced work by some 90 Vanderbilt Univ. and PCofVU researchers).

Tennessean, Sept. 14, 2000. P. 2E, “House of Morgan Has Storied Past” (The J.P. Morgan, Sr., bank, NYC, was bought for about $39.2 billion in stock by the Chase Manhattan Corp., thus surviving GP by 131 years, 1869-2000; J.S. Morgan by 110 years, 1890-2000; J.P. Morgan, Sr., himself by 87 years, 1913-2000; and J.P. Morgan, Sr.’s son by 66 years, 1934-2000).

Tennessean, Sept. 21, 2000, p. 4B, “Little Rock’s Peabody Hotel to Include Ducks” (Lease signed in Little Rock, Ark., converting the former Excelsior Hotel into the Peabody Hotel, which will continue the daily duck waddle tradition down the red carpet into the hotel lobby pool).

Tennessean, April 1, 2001, p. 3B, “VU’s Peabody Cracks Top 5 Grad Schools of Education” (After ranking among top 10 graduate schools of education in U.S. News & World Report’s annual ranking since 1995, PCofVU jumped to 5th place in 2001).

Tennessean, March 31, 2004, “Dr. Susan Gray’s Legacy” (GPCFT Early Childhood Education Prof. Susan Gray’s [1913-92] enrichment program for poverty-deprived Nashville area 4 and 5 year olds in 1965 inspired the U.S. national Project Headstart).

Richmond Daily Whig, July 28, 1869, p. 2, c. 5 (GP at White Sulphur Springs, W.Va., July 23-Aug. 30, 1869; where resolution of praise were read to him, July 28, 1869; where he spoke to and was photographed with Robert E. Lee and other northern and southern educational, political leaders, military leaders [Aug. 12]; and where a Peabody Ball was held in his honor [Aug. 11]; similar to New York Times, July 31, 1869, p. 4, c. 7; and p. 5, c. 1, entries above).

Richmond Dispatch, March 13, 1857, p. 1, c. 4 (GP’s March-April 1857 tour in the U.S. South and West; similar to Mobile (Ala.),Daily Tribune, March 5, 1857, entry above).

Richmond Dispatch, Feb. 2, 1896, p. 12, c. 1-2, “To Honor Peabody” (On Feb. 1, 1896, Va. state Sen. William Lovenstein introduced a resolution and supporting letter of Jan. 24, 1896, from PEF administrator J.L.M. Curry for a GP statue to be placed in Statuary Hall, U.S. House of Representatives, U.S. Capitol Bldg., Washington, D.C., where each state has statues of two notable citizens.But this effort was not successful).

Lee Week Herald, Vol. 1, No. 4 (Aug. 25, 1932), one page.(Apparently a commemorative issue. Relevant articles: “How They Honored General Lee” [his arrival in early Aug. 1869; funds raised locally to repair his church in Lexington, Va., to which GP contributed; and the Peabody Ball, Aug. 11, 1869]; and “The ’69 Season” ["the season of '69 was the nonpareil…nothing to equal"; this gathering centered on R.E. Lee and GP].

Brighton Daily News, Dec. 13, 1869, p. 3, c. 1-2 (Sat., Dec. 11, 1869, 7:00 A.M., a cold, damp, dark morning, with Westminster Abbey’s dean A.P. Stanley present, GP’s coffin was taken from the Abbey to a waiting hearse, followed by other carriages, going to Waterloo Station, where a special train waited to take GP’s remains to Portsmouth).

England, Brighton Gazette

Brighton Gazette, Aug. 23, 1866,“Photographic Art, “p. 5.(Reported John Mayall’s life-size portrait of GP, overpainted by artist Aed Arnoult to resemble an oil painting, displayed in Mayall’s Brighton studio, intended for the PIB, “a great success” and reported that it was “to be exhibited free to the working classes, on Saturday next, at the Town Hall”).

Brighton Observer, Nov. 12, 1869, p. 2, c. 2 (Publicity after GP’s death on Nov. 4, 1869:GP was given the Freedom of the City of London, July 10, 1862, and that evening was guest of honor at the Lord Mayor of London’s Mansion House banquet, in appreciation for his March 12, 1862, Peabody Donation Fund for model homes for London working poor, total gift $2.5 million.Some accounts reported that he walked home to his lodging from that banquet).

Anglo-American Times, Dec. 23, 1865, p. 8, c. 1-2 (During the Civil War GP gave a total of $10,000 to the U.S. Sanitary Commission for sick and wounded Union soldiers and their dependents).

Anglo-American Times, June 26, 1869, p. 11, c. 3; and p. 16, c. 1-2 (GP arrived in NYC for his June 8 to Sept. 29, 1869, last U.S. visit).

Anglo-American Times, Aug. 14, 1869, p. 15, c. 1 (GP at White Sulphur Springs, W.Va., July 23-Aug. 30, 1869; where resolution of praise were read to him, July 28, 1869; where he spoke to and was photographed with Robert E. Lee and other northern and southern educational, political leaders, military leaders [Aug. 12]; and where a Peabody Ball was held in his honor [Aug. 11]; similar to New York Times, July 31, 1869, p. 4, c. 7; and p. 5, c. 1, entries above).

Anglo-American Times, Oct. 2, 1869, p. 9, c. 1 (Described coffin-shaped granite sarcophagus GP ordered for his grave at Harmony Grove Cemetery, Salem, Mass., mid-Sept. 1869.Recorded also that in 1854 GP asked visiting Americans James Watson Webb and Reverdy Johnson to consult with John Pendleton Kennedy and other Baltimoreans about a possible GP educational gift to that city, leading to the PIB).

Anglo-AmericanTimes, Oct. 9, 1869, p. 11, c. 2 (GP’s last $400,000 PIB gift, last departure from Baltimore, Sept. 22, 1869, then to Philadelphia, and NYC where some PEF trustees saw him board the Scotia, Sept. 29, 1869, for London where he died Nov. 4, 1869; similar to New York Tribune, Sept. 23, 1869, p. 1, c. 4, entry above).

Anglo-AmericanTimes, Oct. 23, 1869, p. 11, c. 3; and Oct. 30, 1869, p. 10, c. 3(Report of GP’s arrival in London Oct. 8, 1869, from his last U.S. visit and his intent “to pass the winter in the south of France.”But gravely ill, he rested until his death, Nov. 4, 1869, at the home of business friend Sir Curtis Miranda Lampson, 80 Eaton Sq., London).

Army and Navy Gazette, Dec. 18, 1869, p. 802, c. 2 (“Private telegrams have been received in London from New York, stating that the honour done to the remains of the late Mr. Peabody, and to the fact that our Government having conveyed his body to America in a ship of war, has had a great effect on the States, and has gone far towards doing away with the ill-feeling caused by the Alabama difficulties.There is a story going about to the effect that the special correspondent in London of a well known American paper lately telegraphed to ask his employers what line he should take upon the Alabama question.The reply, through the cable, was, ‘Let the matter drop; it’s played out‘”).

Army and Navy Gazette, Dec. 18, 1869, p. 811, c. 1 (Transfer by train of GP’s remains from Westminster Abbey, London, to Portsmouth harbor, Dec. 11, 1869, and the handing over ceremony of the coffin to HMS Monarch for transatlantic crossing to New England).

Daily News, July 7, 1854 (U.S. Legation in London Secty. D.E. Sickles walked out in anger from GP’s July 4, 1854, U.S.-British friendship dinner because GP toasted the Queen before the U.S. president; the incident attracted pro and con letters in the press for months; similar to Boston Post, July 21, 1854, p. 2, c. l, entry above).

Daily News, Nov. 8, 1869, p. 5, c. 3 (“We have received a large number of letters, urging that the honours of a public funeral are due to the late Mr. Peabody’s memory”).

Daily Telegraph, April 29 and 30, 1867 (Two subscription lists of £2,342.19s. received as of April 1866 to erect a GP statue in London to honor his Peabody Homes for London’s working poor; similar to City Press, May 14, 1867, entry above).

Daily Telegraph, May 16, 1867 (Third subscription list of £2,572.13s.2d. received in April 1866 to erect a GP statue in London to honor his Peabody Homes for London’s working poor; similar to City Press, May 18, 1867, entry above).

Daily Telegraph, May 30, 1867 (Fourth subscription list of amount received in May 1866 to erect a GP statue in London to honor his Peabody Homes for London’s working poor; similar toCity Press, May 31, 1867, entry above).

Illustrated London News, Vol. 48, No. 1368 (April 28, 1866), pp. 409, 410 (GP at the prize-giving ceremony of the Workingmen’s Industrial Exhibition.He was the first U.S. citizen and the 41st person to be made an honorary member of the Fishmongers’ Co. of London, April 19, 1866, before leaving on his May 1, 1866, to May 1, 1867, U.S. visit).

Illustrated London News, May 26, 1867, p. 513 (Illustration of Queen Victoria’s enameled miniature portrait done in 1867 by British artist F.A.C. Tilt, set in a frame of solid gold, given to GP in 1867 for his $2.5 million gift for Peabody model homes for London’s working poor, since 1862; original in Peabody Institute Library, Peabody, Mass.).

Ladies Newspaper and Pictorial Times, July 26, 1851, p. 43 (U.S.-British press reported favorably on GP’s first large-scale [over 800 guests] U.S.-British July 4, 1851, friendship dinner at Willis’s Rooms, London, in connection with the Great Exhibition, 1851.GP overcame British society’s reluctance to attend by getting the Duke of Wellington as guest of honor).

Ladies Newspaper, July 1, 1869, p. 64, c. 1 (U.S. sculptor W.W. Story’s model of GP’s seated London statue sent to Munich, Germany, for bronze casting.GP’s statue later unveiled, July 23, 1869, by the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, who eulogized GP andpraised W.W. Story and U.S. Minister John Lothrop Motley, both of whom also spoke).

Morning Advertiser, July 7, 1854, p. 6, c. 3-4(U.S. London Legation Secty. D.E. Sickles walked out in anger from GP’s July 4, 1854, U.S.-British friendship dinner because GP toasted the Queen before the U.S. president; incident inflamed with pro and con letters in the press for months; similar to New York Times, Sept. 6, 1854, p. 3, c. 3-5, and ff. entries above).

Morning Herald, Nov. 5, 1869, p. 4. c. 5-6; and Nov. 8, 1869, p. 3, c. 4 (To correct an earlier error saying` that GP first went to London in 1837, M.J. Powell wrote that he had seen GP in Manchester in 1832 [GP'sthird buying trip to Europe, May 1, 1832-May 11, 1834].GP’s first buying trip abroad was Nov. 1, 1827 to Aug. 1828, nine months; secondtrip, 1831 to 1832 [15 months], covering 10,000 miles in England, France, Italy, and Switzerland; fourth trip, about Aug. 1835 to July 1836; fifth trip, early Feb. 1837 to sell Md.’s $8 million bonds abroad, remaining in London, 1837-69, 32 years, except for three U.S. visits).

Morning Herald, Dec. 9, 1869, p. 6, c. 2 (Erroneous reports of statues of GP to be erected in Rome, Italy, and NYC.NYC meetings on Nov. 20 and 23, 1869, failed to gain support for a GP statue; the reason later given was that mounting honors for GP offended belief in republican simplicity).

Times, Jan. 29, 1851, p. 4, c. 4; and Feb. 24, 1851, p. 8, c. 6 (U.S. exhibitors at the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London lacked Congressional funds to display U.S. industry and art products.GP’s timely $15,000 loan saved the U.S. and its London embassy staff from embarrassment.This loan, which Congress repaid three years later, and GP’s two exhibition-connected U.S.-British friendship dinner brought him to prominence).

Times, May 22, 1851, p. 8, c. 1 (Mentioned London Punch’s satirical remarks on U.S. exhibitors’ large promise and little performance before the opening of the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London, before GP’s $15,000 loan to the exhibitors, and before his exhibition-connected rising reputation).

Times, July 9, 1851, p. 5, c. 3 (Details of and praise for GP’s first large-scale [over 800 guests] U.S.-British July 4, 1851, friendship dinner, Willis’s Rooms, London, in connection with the Great Exhibition, 1851, London.GP overcame British society’s reluctance to attend by getting the Duke of Wellington as guest of honor.TheTimes reported that His Grace had a good time and left at a late hour and referred to GP as “an eminent American merchant”).

Times, July 7, 1856, p. 10, c. 5-6 (Described GP-sponsored July 4, 1856, dinner at the Star and Garter Hotel, Richmond, near London, attended by Irish sculptor J.E. Jones, who made a bust of GP in 1856).

Times, July 29, 1858, p. 12, c. 3 (GP’s July 22, 1858, dinner, London, with guests: U.S. Minister to France John Young Mason, John Pendleton Kennedy, and N.Y.

Times, March 29, 1862, p. 11, c. 5(Letters to the editor asked that public honor be given to GP for his March 12, 1862, letter establishing the Peabody Donation Fund for model homes for London working poor, total gift $2.5 million.London’s Court of Common Council member Charles Reed planned to introduce a resolution that GP be granted the Freedom of the City of London).

Times, April 8, 1862, p. 11, c. 3 (Member of London’s Court of Common Council Charles Reed made public his intention to introduce a resolution that the Freedom of the City of London be offered to GPfor his March 12, 1862, gift of housing for London’s working poor, an honor GP received July 10, 1862).

Times, May 23, 1862, p. 6, c. 1 (On May 22, 1862, in London’s Court of Common Council, Guildhall, the Lord Mayor presiding, member Charles Reed spoke on behalf of his resolution that the Freedom of the City of London be offered to GP for his March 12, 1862, gift of housing for London’s working poor.An amendment to substitute a bust of GP in the Council Chamber was defeated and the original motion was carried).

Times, July 4, 1862, p. 5, c. 5 (On July 2, 1862, GP was made an honorary member of the Clothworkers’ Co., an ancient guild, for his March 12, 1862, Peabody Donation Fund for apartments for London working poor [total gift $2.5 million]).

Times, July 11, 1862, p. 5, c. 3-5 (GP received the Freedom of the City of London, July 10, 1862, was banqueted at the Lord Mayor’s Mansion House that evening, and reportedly walked home to his lodging; similar to England’s Brighton Observer, Nov. 12, 1869, p. 2, c. 2, entry above).

Times, April 2, 1866, p. 9, c. 6 (Queen Victoria’s March 28, 1866, letter of thanks to GP for his March 12, 1862, gift to build apartments for London’s working poor.She also informed him that she was having a miniature portrait of herself painted for him.Also, GP’s April 3, 1866, reply; similar to New York Times, April 27, 1866, p. 1, c. 6, entry above).

Times, April 18, 1866 (GP at the prize-giving ceremony of the Workingmen’s Industrial Exhibition).

Times, April 23, 1866, p. 9, c. 6 (GP was the first U.S. citizen and the 41st person to be made an honorary member of the Fishmongers’ Co. of London, April 19, 1866; similar toIllustrated London News, Vol. 48, No. 1368, April 28, 1866, entry above).

Times, May 22, 1866, p. 12, c. 5; and May 25, 1866, p. 9, c. 6 (London Court of Common Council members met, March 7, 1866, proposed a tribute to GP for his Peabody Donation Fund.A letter signed by 50 prominent Londoners called for an April 12, 1866, organizational meeting, at which a committee was formed to raise funds for a GP statue).

Times, May 24, 1866, p. 9, c. 5; June 16, 1866, p. 12, c. 5; and March 18, 1867, p. 5, c. 5 (Description of Queen Victoria’s gift to GP of her portrait by British artist F.A.C. Tilt, a photo of which in miniature was enameled on porcelain and set in a gold frame; seen by GP March 1867, deposited in a specially built vault, Peabody Institute Library, Peabody, Mass., since April 28, 1868).

Times, May 26, 1866, p. 9, c. 5 (Quoted a suggestion in the Pall Mall Gazette that a better tribute to GP than to erect a statue of him would be to follow his example in the Peabody Donation Fund by giving funds for a good cause).

Times, May 31, 1866, p. 9, c. 6 (Report that GP paid a huge U.S. tax soon after his NYC arrival for his May 1, 1866 to May 1, 1867, U.S. visit).

Times, Feb. 12, 1869, p. 4, c. 6 (On Congressional resolution of praise and gold medal to GP for the PEF, similar to New York Herald, May 29, 1868, p. 3, c. 6, entry above.GP asked U.S. Secty. of State W.H. Seward, Sept. 18, 1868, for these to be sent to him in London.He saw them in London, Dec. 25, 1868, and sent them for safekeeping to Peabody Institute Library, Peabody, Mass.).

Times, Nov. 10, 1869, p. 5, c. 5 (PM W.E. Gladstone said in his Dec. 9, 1869, Lord Mayor’s speech, London, “… With the country of Mr. Peabody we are not likely to quarrel…,”easing U.S.-British tension over the Alabama Claims).

Times, Nov. 15, 1869, p. 7 (GP funeral researcher Allen Howard Welch cited this source for stating that Queen Victoria first suggested that a Royal naval man-of-war transfer GP’s remains to the U.S.Pres. U.S. Grant deferred to the Queen but ordered a U.S. warship to escort the British funeral vessel).

Times, Dec. 9, 1869, p. 4, c. 2 (Mistaken reports of statues of GP to be erected in Rome, Italy, and NYC.NYC meetings on Nov. 20 and 23, 1869, failed to gain support for a GP statue; the reason later given was that mounting honors for GP offended belief in republican simplicity; similar to London Morning Herald, Dec. 9, 1869, p. 6, c. 2, entry above).

Times, Dec. 13, 1869, p. 6, c. 1-2 (Eulogies on GP from:1-French novelist Victor Hugo ["America has reason to be proud of this great citizen of the world, and great brother of all men....Having a place near Rothschild, he found means to change it for one near Vincent de Paul"] and2-French political writer Louis Blanc ["The death of...George Peabody...is a public calamity, in which the whole civilized world ought to share.I...mourn, for the illustrious American whose life was of such value to the most needy of his fellow-men....The number of mourners...[at the Abbey], their silent sorrow, the tears shed by so many…of London, the readiness of the shopkeepers [in] closing their shops and lowering their blinds,–these were the homages…due one whose title in history will be…–the friend of the poor”]).

Times, Dec. 14, 1869, p. 4, c. 2 (Bostonians believed their city would receive GP’s remains from HMS Monarch, but on Dec. 14, 1869, the British Admiralty chose Portland, Me., as receiving port because of its deeper harbor).

Times, Dec. 24, 1869, p. 7 (In late Nov. 1869 the USS Richmond, then in the Mediterranean, and the USS Kenosha were ordered to accompany HMS Monarch in transporting GP’s remains from England to the U.S.But for unknown reasons neither arrived in Portsmouth, England).

Jackson’s Oxford Journal, June 29, 1867, p. 5, c. 4-6 (“The lion of the day was beyond a doubt, Mr. Peabody,” read the account describing Oxford Univ.’s honorary Doctor of Laws degree awarded to GP June 26, 1867, five years after he founded the Peabody Donation Fund for building low-rent housing for London’s working poor, March 12, 1862 [total gift $2.5 million, 1862-69]).

Hampshire Telegraph, Jan. 8, 1870, p. 4, c. 5 (Quoted a USSPlymouth officer, accompanying funeral ship HMS Monarch: “Left Spithead 21st, [Dec. 21, 1869] and kept on the starboard quarter of the Monarch as long as we could, but on the 2nd day out, the wind freshening, we separated during the night, at which we were very pleased, for there was always some nonsense about going too fast or too slow, and no end of signals.I am sure the separation was a great relief to both ships.We had beautiful weather after crossing the Bay of Biscay.Christmas Day was as bright and lovely as the month of June….”).

Hampshire Telegraph and Sussex Chronicle, Nov. 27, 1869, p. 4 (In late Nov. 1869 the USS Richmond, then in the Mediterranean, and the USS Kenosha were ordered to accompany HMS Monarch in transporting GP’s remains from Portsmouth, England, to the U.S. but they never arrived in Portsmouth, England).

Herts Advertiser and St. Albans Times, Dec. 18, 1869, p. 2, c. 2 (“Mr. Peabody’s noble example seems to be gaining strength….M.M. Reicenheim, bankers at Berlin, have presented the Jewish community of that city with 250,000 thalers for the erection of an orphan asylum”).

Ayrshire Express, Dec. 11, 1869, p. 4, c. 4-5 (“The honour thus paid to [GP's] memory is of course well deserved, but still it does seem strange to employ two vessels of war to take the ‘silent dust’ of the deceased across the Atlantic.If both vessels took over a hundred or a hundred and fifty emigrants each to lessen the burden of our poverty and misery here, this would be doing a good work far more in accordance with the ideas of the kindhearted man we have lost than is this extravagant employment of men and ships”).

Dundee Courier and Argus,Dec. 17, 1869, p. 3, c. 4 (Thousands visited HMS Monarch, outfitted as a funeral ship with GP’s remains aboard, and escort vessel USS Plymouth, both detained at Spithead near Portsmouth by bad weather during Dec. 11-20, 1869.U.S. House Resolution No. 96 asked Pres. U.S. Grant to order a naval reception of GP’s remains from England “with the…dignity of a great people.”This resolution was introduced in the House on Dec. 15, 1869; debated and passed in the House on Dec. 21, 1869; passed in the Senate on Dec. 23, 1869, and signed into law by Pres. Grant on Jan. 10, 1870).

Scotsman, Oct. 29, 1869, p. 8 (Dangerously ill at 80 Eaton Sq., London, home of business friend Sir Curtis M. Lampson, GP was reported as “somewhat rallied, but no hopes were entertained of his recovery”).

Scotland.Glasgow Citizen

Glasgow Citizen, April 12, 1862, p. 7, c. 2 (Member of London’s Court of Common Council Charles Reed made public his intention to introduce a resolution that the Freedom of the City of London be offered to GP for his March 12, 1862, gift of housing for London’s working poor, an honor GP received July 10, 1862).

Inverness Courier, Nov. 18, 1869, p. 5, c. 3 (“Much of the honour done to Mr. Peabody is due to the fact that it is an American who has done all this.A countryman of our own could not expect to have his charities thus recognized….It may be hoped that the honours which have been heaped upon Mr. Peabody during his life, and since death, will have a stimulating effect upon other rich men to devote their wealth to the benefit of their fellow-creatures.Such honours have hardly ever been bestowed before except upon crowned heads…”

End Newspapers End

g.Internet (World Wide Web): alphabetically by last name of author or subject or title or holding institution.

(Note: internet URLs were carefully recorded with the date seen by the authors but are frequently changed, moved,or removed).

“Bishop Estate’s first trustees played key role in overthrow,”Honolulu Advertiser, Hawaii, article on Charles Reed Bishop who married Hawaiian Princess Bernice Pauahi Paki.She founded the Kamehameha Schools, Honolulu.He, influenced by GP’s words and example, founded the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Hawaii’s most important museum, and other charities. URL: http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/2000/Mar/12/opinion6.htmlThere is also a biographical sketch of Charles Reed Bishop in “The Legacy of a Hawaiian Princess,”URL: http:/www.ksbe.edu/estate/trustees/teegaly.htmlNote: Grateful thanks for helpful information.See: Agard, Lesley, above.

“Capitalists & Financiers: Wealth and Empire Builders,” Internet URL (seen Dec, 29, 2003): http://www.kipnotes.com/CapitalistsFinanciers.htmhas a photo of GP, standing, in old age, no description given.To the left of his photo is a list of three books about GP.

Catto, Rt. Hon. Lord (Sir Stephen Gordon, 1923-), former head of the Morgan Grenfell Group banking firm, lineal descendant of George Peabody & Co. (1838-64), participated in the “Bicentenary Service of Thanksgiving for the Life and Work of George Peabody, 1795-1869,” in London’s Westminster Abbey, Nov. 16, 1995. Career URL:http://www.knowuk.co.uk(seen Dec. 9, 1999).See: GP Bicentennial Celebrations (Feb. 18, 1795-1995).

Crowe, William J., Jr. (b. 1925).Career of former U.S. Navy Admiral, later U.S. Ambassador to Britain (1994-97), who participated in the “Bicentenary Service of Thanksgiving for the Life and Work of George Peabody, 1795-1869,” in London’s Westminster Abbey, Nov. 16, 1995.Seen Dec. 9, 1999, URL: http://www.knowuk.co.ukSee: GP Bicentennial Celebrations (Feb. 18, 1795-1995).

Dudley, Robert (fl. 1865-91), artist whose painting, “HMSMonarch Transporting the Body of George Peabody,” 1870, large oil on canvas, 43″ x 72,” depicted the British warship HMSMonarch, leaving Portsmouth harbor, England, to transport GP’s remains across the Atlantic for burial in New England, accompanied by the USS corvette Plymouth.A photo by Mark Sexton of the painting is on the cover of The American Neptune, Fall 1995 (published at the Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Mass.), and identified as “a recent museum acquisition in recognition of the bicentennial of George Peabody’s birth.URL: http://www.pem.org/neptune/desc554.htm (seen Dec. 29, 1999).See: American Neptune.GP Bicentennial Celebration (Feb. 18, 1795-1995).GP Illustrations.Peabody Essex Museum.

“Education: a debt due from present to future generations.”GP’s 1852 motto, sent with his May 26, 1852, letter from London, containing his check founding his first Peabody Institute Library, Danvers, Mass. (name changed to South Danvers, 1855-68, and then to Peabody, Mass., April 13, 1868).The source and prior use of GP’s motto is not known.The motto is listed in URL: http://www.quoteworld.org/search.php?thetext=George+PeabodyThe motto has been widely used through the years by Peabody institutes in their publications and has most recently been used on at least three web sites:1-a site seen 4-12-01 describing the museums of Western Australia:(http://www.cultureandarts.wa.gov.au/cainwa/museums.asp);2-a web page seen 8-23-01 from the Director of Development, College of Natural Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo. (http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/NatSci/html/Endowment.html); and3-”The Order of the Golden Shillelagh” fund raisers founded 1977 at the Univ. of Missouri-Rollo, Colorado), seen 8-23-01 (http://www.umr.edu/%7Edevelop/ogs/).Note: St. Patrick carried a shillelagh or club in defense of his followers.

Everett, Edward (1794-1865), Speech, at the Dinner Given in Honor of George Peabody, Esq., of London, by the Citizens of the Old Town of Danvers, October 9, 1856(Boston: H.W. Dutton & Son, 1857).His full Oct. 9, 1856, speech on the internet (seen Dec. 24, 20004): http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=AEM7072.0001.001

George Peabody (ship) was a $90,000 steamship built bythe Powhatan Steamship Co. of Baltimore in mid-1857, believed to have been so named after GP’s Feb. 12, 1857, PIB gift was announced.Commanded by Capt. Pritchard, it was the largest freighter then in the Chesapeake Bay trade and steamed between Baltimore, Petersburg, Va., and Richmond, Va.The Library of Congress has two pencil sketches of this steamship by artist Alfred Rudolph Waud (1828-91) made between 1860-65, the gifts of John Pierpont Morgan, Jr. (1867-1943), in 1919.URL (seen Jan. 2002):http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?pp/dwgd: @FIELD (SUBJ+@band(++George+Peabody++Steamshp+++

“George Peabody Wetmore [1846-1921],” son of William Shephard Wetmore (1802-62), GP’s longtime business friend.GP Wetmore, born in London during his parents visit there, was named after GP; had a distinguished career as R.I. governor (1885-86) and U.S. senator (R, R.I, 1894-1913); and was a trustee of the PEF and of the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale Univ.(Seen March 3, 2000) URL: http://reed.senate.gov/senators’wetmore.htm

“Hoffman, David (1784-1854).”Contains Hoffman’s Dictionary of American Biography entry as Baltimore-born lawyer and professor [he helped found the Univ. of Md. Law School] and was land agent for Calif. leader John Charles Frémont.While in England in 1850 Hoffman wrote two letters asking GP ‘s financial help in an escape plan to free imprisoned Hungarian freedom fighter Lajos Kossuth.Also has Hoffman’s obituary, BaltimoreSun, Nov. 13, 1854, Vol. 35, No. 154, p. 2, c. 1; and other information.URL:http://law.umaryland.edu/marshall/Hoffman/hoffa.htm

Lane, Harriet (1830-1903), was Pres. James Buchanan’s (1791-1868) niece who acted as his hostess in London and in Washington, D.C., mentioned by GP; her biographical sketch is in URL:http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/glimpse/firstladies/html/h115.html(seen Aug. 3, 1999).

Lanier, Sidney (1842-81), Macon, Ga.-born poet and musician, was a 31-year-old law clerk seeking a NYC music career when he stopped in Baltimore to visit his flutist friend Henry Wysham in 1873.Wysham introduced him to PIB Academy (later Conservatory) of Music Dir. Asger Hamerik (1843-1923).Impressed when Lanier played his own flute compositions, Hamerik hired Lanier as the Peabody Symphony Orchestra’s first flutist.Lanier lived in Baltimore near the PIB for eight years, assiduously used its research library, lectured at the PIB and Johns Hopkins Univ. on music and literature, and died at age 39 of tuberculosis contracted as a Civil War Confederate prisoner.See:1-Project Gutenberg Etext #1224, dated Feb. 1998, of Sidney Lanier by Edwin Mims.URL: ftp://sailor.gutenberg.org/pub/gutenberg/etext98/lanrb10.txt(seen May 24, 2000).2-”Sidney Clopton Lanier” 1 p., URL:http://users.erols.com/kfraser/lanier.htm(seen May 20, 2000).

Macomb, William H. (1819-72), Captain of the corvette USSPlymouth, ordered by the U.S. Navy (during Nov. 12-15, 1869) from Marseilles, France, to accompany British warship HMSMonarch in returning GP’s remains from Portsmouth, England, to Portland, Maine, for burial in Salem, Mass.Details of Capt. Macomb’s career were sent to the authors in an E-mail, Aug. 11, 2000, by Sr. Curator James W. Cheevers, U.S. Naval Academy Museum, Annapolis, Md., cheevers@nadn.navy.milIn Ref.: see Hamersly, p. 61.See also Death and Funeral, GP’s.Macomb, William H.

“McCorkle, Joseph Walker, 1819-84,” Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-Present (Representative from Calif. during 1851-53 who, sources state, financially backed the invention of an early electric light bulb by John W. Starr (c.1822-c.1847) of Cincinnati, Ohio, whose lawyer patented the invention in London in 1845.Sources also state that GP also financially backed Starr whose death about 1846-47 halted further development of the invention).For fuller account see Starr, John W.McCorkle biographical sketch on Internet: http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000362&_wsgeturl3a85c35c2fd4d9c0_ff(seen Feb. 10, 2001).

Mayne, Very Rev. Michael Clement Otway (1929-).Career of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster who received the Lord Mayor of Westminster (believed to have been Councilor Alan Bradley), at the “Bicentenary Service of Thanksgiving for the Life and Work of George Peabody, 1795-1869,” in London’s Westminster Abbey, Nov. 16, 1995.(Seen Dec. 9, 1999),URL: http://www.knowuk.co.ukSee: GP Bicentennial Celebrations (Feb. 18, 1795-1995).

Otley, Charles Bethell (1792-1867), was a British artist resident in Florence, Italy, who on April 24, 1863, offered to the Peabody Donation Fund Governors, London, a bust of GP by U.S. sculptor Hiram Powers (1805-73), which they accepted on May 12, 1863.The bust is displayed in the entrance of the Peabody Trust building in London.For the Protestant cemetery in Florence, Italy, where Otley is buried, see website: http://www.florin.ms/cemetery.htmland for his being in that cemetery see website: http://www.florin.ms/cemetery3.html(both seen Dec. 2003).Ref.: Mallalieu, H.L.

Parker, Franklin, and Betty J. Parker.For their published writings, including many on George Peabody (1795-1869), see URL:http://ericae.net/scripts/texis.exe/scripts/searchw4/AE.html

“Peabody Art Collection, A Treasure for Maryland,” 2 pp. (Needing additional state and private aid to endow the PIB, a Peabody Plan task force headed by then Md. Lt. Gov. Melvin A. Steinberg raised $15 million in state aid plus matching private aid, a goal achievedunder Md. Lt. Gov. Kathleen Kennedy Townsend as chair of the Peabody Oversight Committee.In return the Md. State Archives gained title to the PIB Art Gallery collection, June 28, 1996, its treasures housed as before in the Baltimore Museum of Art, the Walters Art Gallery, the Md. Historical Society, the PIB, and elsewhere.(Seen March 2, 2000), URL: http://mdarchives.state.md.us/msa/stagser/s/1259/121/6361/html/history.htmlFor GP biographicalsketch, see URL: http://www.mdarchives.state.md.us/msa/stagser/s1259/121/6361/html/bio.html

Peabody+George+1795+1869 search led to 64 entries, most of them relevant, seen Dec. 18, 1999, at URL: http://www.alltheweb.com

Peabody, George Foster (1852-1938), was the Columbus, Ga.-born banker, foundation executive, and philanthropist who founded (1901, $5,000 gift) Peabody Park, Univ. of N.C. at Greensboro (see Peabody Park at UNCG below), as a vital refuge for eastern U.S. Piedmont region animals and plants.He named it for his deceased distant relative GP.George Foster Peabody is today best known for the much-publicized George Foster Peabody Awards in radio and television, established 1939, administered by the Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, Univ. of Ga.Ref.: (seen in Feb. 2000), URL:http://www.peabody.uga.edu/about.index.html

Peabody Library, Thetford, Vt.In Aug. 1866 GP gave $5,000 for a public library, Thetford, Vt., in memory of his visit there, winter 1810, when he was age 15, to see his maternal grandparents, Jeremiah Dodge (1744-1824) and Judith (née Spofford) Dodge (1749-1828), and their son, his uncle Eliphalet Dodge.The Peabody Library, Thetford, Vt., opened Oct. 9, 1867.(Seen March 18, 2000), URL: http://www.valley.net~conriver/V13-7.htmSee: Concord, N.H.Persons named.Thetford, Vt.

Peabody Magnet High School, Alexandria (Rapides Parish), La. 71302, was founded in 1895 with a requested PEF grant as Peabody Industrial School, grades 1-7, the only Black public school in Alexandria.It became a state approved high school in 1933.Ref.: Internet (seen Aug. 125, 2003): http://rapides.K12.la.us/peabody/.See: P., G.:Named for GP.23.

Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.“An Historical ‘Who Was Who’ at the Peabody Museum, has short biographies of founder GP, his nephew first director O.C. Marsh, curators, and Yale College Scientific Expeditions, 1870-73.URL (seen July 22, 2001):http://www.peabody.yale.edu/people/whoswho/

The Peabody Schottish.Dedicated to George Peabody.By Jas. E. MaCruder,” is the music for a round dance (in a circle), resembling a polka, published in Boston, 1857 (“Schottisch” means Scottish).This music is listed on the Internet (seen March 20, 2000), in out-of-print section, URL: http//:www.barnesandnoble.com llc

Philanthropy, GP’s, worth of: At his death, Nov. 4, 1869, GP’s total philanthropic gifts were variously reported in the press as approaching $10 million (or 2003 relative value of $1,349 million, using the Consumer Price Index), the largest philanthropy to that time (calculated at URL [seen May 22, 2005]: http://eh.net/hmit/compare/

), but less than the$4.8 billion total given by Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) and of $5.8 billion total given by John D. Rockefeller, Sr. (1839-1937).Ref.: (For GP’s 1869 $10 million gifts equivalency in 2003)See: Ref.: g.Internet:Philanthropic gifts, GP’s.(For Carnegie and Rockefeller, Sr.): Time, Vol. 156, No. 4 (July 24, 2000), p. 52.

picturehistory:Photo (1867) of GP and 8 of his original 16-member PEF trustees: standing left to right Adm. David Farragut, Hamilton Fish, Gen. U.S. Grant, William Aiken, Charles P. McIlvaine, Samuel Wetmore; seated left GP, J.P. Chase, and Robert Charles Winthrop.See: Peabody, George, Illus. Bryan, Nelson, for their dates and other trustees).Also has 9 other GP photos in old age, some as visiting card photos (Carte de Visite), two by photographer J. Gurney, and one by photographer Disderi.Photos sent free as e-cards or sold by: URL: http://www.picturehistory.com/search?word1=Peabody+Trust+Commission&submit.x=5&submit.y=5(Search for “Peabody Fund Commission,” seen Nov. 19, 2003).

“Sands, Joshua Ratoon [1795-1884] – American Naval Officer.”Biographical sketch of the commander of the U.S. Navy frigateSt. Lawrence authorized by the U.S. Congress to transport U.S. exhibitors and their exhibits to the Great Exhibition of 1851, London, the first world’s fair.The St. Lawrence left NYC Feb. 8, 1851, arrived in Southampton, March 1851, when a lack of funds led to a crisis in transferring the exhibits and to adorning the large space assigned to the U.S. in the Crystal Palace exhibition area.GP’s loan of $15,000 enabled U.S. art and industry to be shown to best effect to over six million visitors.See: “Noted SANDS Relations” genealogical web site seen May 17, 2001, URL: http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~dav4is/people/SAND320.htmwas compiled by Roderic A. Davis, 2nd, P.0. Box 118, Hyde Park, NY 12538, E-mail: dav4is@bigfoot.com

Schenley, Capt. Edward W.H.During GP’s Sept. 15, 1856, to Aug. 19, 1857, U.S. visit, his first return from London in nearly 20 years, he stayed in Pittsburgh, Penn., with Capt. and Mrs. Edward W.H. Schenley during April 14-16, 1857, with a reception held in his honor.For internet and other sources about the Schenleys’ 1842 elopement from the U.S. to England and conjecture about their connection with GP, see Schenley, Capt. Edward W.H.

Slave Trade:When JP Morgan Chase merged with Chicago’s Bank One, April 2004, Chicago city ordinance required a declaration of any past slave trade connection.Reparations activist (compensation to descendents of slaves for white wealth earned in the slave trade) Chicago Alderwoman Dorothy Tillman traced the firm to GP’s firms in Georgetown, D.C., Baltimore, Md., and London, England.She charged (never proved) that in selling cotton goods he profited from the slave trade.Slave trade reparations against Aetna and other companies, repudiated by a federal district judge Norgle (2004), effectively threw the reparation charge against GP out of court.Black slave reparations demand was first made in 1969 by black civil rights leader James Forman (1929-2005) See: http://www.guardian.co.uk/uslatest/story/0,1282,-4727104,00.htmland http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2004/05/04/executive_admits_links_of_firm_founder_slaveryrand http://www.aetna.com/legal_issues/suits/reparations.html000

Starr, John Wellington.Although there is no confirmation in thePEM GP papers, the web site of engineer-researcher Edward J. Covington of Millfield, Ohio, has sources which state that John W. Starr of Cincinnati, Ohio, invented a light source powered by electricity.Starr perfected and displayed his invention in England.His lawyer Edward Augustin King obtained for Starr (but in his [King's] name) English Patent No.10,919 in London in 1845.GP is mentioned as among those who financed the invention.But Starr’s sudden death in 1847 in England halted further exploitation of the invention.Covington’s web site under Topic 72 Starr, URL: http://www.frognet.net/~ejcov/, was seen by the authors in late Jan. 2001.See: Starr, John Wellington.

Wetmore, George Peabody (1846-1921), son of GP’s longtime business friend, William Shepard Wetmore (1802-62), born in London and named for GP.He was Republican R.I. governor (1885-87), U.S. senator from R.I. (1895-1913), and trustee of the PEF and the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale Univ.See: his congressional biography at URL: http://www.senate/gov/reed/senators/wetmore.html

Wetmore, William Boerum (b. Dec. 7, 1849), son of GP’s business friend Samuel Wetmore (1812-85), one of the original 16 PEF trustees, and at whose NYC home (15 Waverly Place, Greenwich Village) GP stayed several times during his last U.S. visit, June 8 to Sept. 29, 1869.W. B. Wetmore was a cadet at the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, 1867-72, served in the Indian War of 1874 and the Battle of Red River, and was a cavalry major.Ref.: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/Wetmore/2002-09/1031277775(seen Nov. 10, 2004).