Moscow is intensifying efforts to wean its economy off the dollar as Washington considers tough new sanctions that could deny Russia access to foreign debt markets and cut its banks from the greenback.

President Vladimir Putin has repeatedly slammed the US unit’s dominance on the world’s stage but the country’s previous efforts to de-dollarise its economy have so far had little success.

But with Russian business circles fearing a new round of US measures over Moscow’s alleged international aggression and Washington’s trade policies becoming ever more unpredictable, authorities have now made concrete steps towards their long-standing goal.

Russia’s finance ministry and the central bank are soon expected to present measures to increase the use of other currencies in international trade to Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. “We will certainly be moving in this direction,” Putin said last month.

“Not because we want to undermine the dollar but because we want to ensure our security, because they are constantly slapping sanctions against us and are simply denying us an opportunity to use the dollar.”

Observers warned that the task Russia faces is hugely ambitious but that an unpredictable US policy, new US sanctions against Iran and Washington’s trade war with China could in fact help Moscow.

“Large-scale de-dollarisation will take time — estimates range between 1.5 and five years,” Euler Hermes, a France-based credit insurance company, said in a recent report. Russia’s de-dollarisation efforts “may be easier now in a world of rising US protectionism”, it added.

Euler Hermes said Russia’s transactions with the EU and China — which make up nearly 60 per cent of Russia’s foreign trade — could be shifted into euros and the yuan, while transactions with former Soviet nations could be done in rubles.

Putin and Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping have repeatedly said they want to increase the use of the ruble and yuan for cross-border trade. In October, Russian authorities said they were preparing an agreement on the use of national currencies with China.