Winter Pruning Apple Tree

I planted this apple tree about 5 years ago and have tried pruning it but I'm afraid I really don't know what I'm doing. It is a Cox's Orange Pippin and has suffered with a variety of things, hairy aphids, codling moth and brown, curling leaves. It has a lot of growth on it from last year and I'm wondering what I can do to bring it into better condition. Any advice would be much appreciated.

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The trick to pruning apple trees is not to give them a surprise. They don’t appreciate being hacked and chopped. They answer back.

Any pruning of a tree of this age should be aimed at keeping the centre open and airy BUT by only removing a few branches each year. Removing more than a few causes the tree to react by growing even more branches.

I see that a large branch has been taken off already. Leave it at that this year. Next winter remove about 30% maximum of the branches that are growing inwards or across the centre of the middle of the tree. Then, again, stop and wait until the next winter.

Apple trees can live for hundreds of years. Consider life from their point of view and don’t be in a hurry to achieve “a result”.

so remove anything rubbing, dead or damaged, i'd also take the top down, as you want the apples at picking height, you can cut back to a side branch, then in August reduce any new growth the three leaves, this should reduce the whippiness, you can also remove any unfruited/unwanted growth then too

Yes as said above, summer pruning for fruit and also to reduce whippy growth is very important. It is good that you have a picture of it now it is bare as it will be easier to see what you want to take off then. The other trick is to put some tape or coloured string round branches that you want to prune in summer. This is a long term process.

- do nothing more now (except perhaps take out up to 30% of whips)- in summer remove the top of one of the two main uprights down to a side branch - remove tops of two remaining uprights in the following two summers. - remove 30% of inward growing branches each winter

or:

- remove anything rubbing, dead or damaged- cut down one main upright to a side branch this winter - in August reduce any unwanted/unfruited new growth to three buds- repeat the reduction of the main uprights for each upright in following two winters(or do I cut all three down this winter and trim back all new growth in August?)