Peace Treaty of Paris 1763

The definitive Treaty of Peace and Friendship
between his Britannick Majesty,
the Most Christian King, and the King of Spain.
Concluded at Paris the 10th day of February, 1763.
To which the King of Portugal acceded on the
same day. (Printed from the Copy.)

In the Name of the Most Holy and Undivided
Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. So be it.

Be it known to all those whom it shall, or
may, in any manner, belong,

It has pleased the Most High to diffuse the
spirit of union and concord among the Princes, whose divisions
had spread troubles in the four parts of the world, and to inspire
them with the inclination to cause the comforts of peace to succeed
to the misfortunes of a long and bloody war, which having arisen
between England and France during the reign of the Most Serene
and Most Potent Prince, George the Second, by the grace of God,
King of Great Britain, of glorious memory, continued under the
reign of the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, George the Third,
his successor, and, in its progress, communicated itself to Spain
and Portugal: Consequently, the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince,
George the Third, by the grace of God, King of Great Britain,
France, and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenbourg, Arch Treasurer
and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire; the Most Serene and Most
Potent Prince, Lewis the Fifteenth, by the grace of God, Most
Christian King; and the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, Charles
the Third, by the grace of God, King of Spain and of the Indies,
after having laid the foundations of peace in the preliminaries
signed at Fontainebleau the third of November last; and the Most
Serene and Most Potent Prince, Don Joseph the First, by the grace
of God, King of Portugal and of the Algarves, after having acceded
thereto, determined to compleat, without delay, this great and
important work. For this purpose, the high contracting parties
have named and appointed their respective Ambassadors Extraordinary
and Ministers Plenipotentiary, viz. his Sacred Majesty the King
of Great Britain, the Most Illustrious and Most Excellent Lord,
John Duke and Earl of Bedford, Marquis of Tavistock, &c. his
Minister of State, Lieutenant General of his Armies, Keeper of
his Privy Seal, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter,
and his Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
to his Most Christian Majesty; his Sacred Majesty the Most Christian
King, the Most Illustrious and Most Excellent Lord, Cæsar
Gabriel de Choiseul, Duke of Praslin, Peer of France, Knight of
his Orders, Lieutenant General of his Armies and of the province
of Britanny, Counsellor of all his Counsils, and Minister and
Secretary of State, and of his Commands and Finances: his Sacred
Majesty the Catholick King, the

Most Illustrious and Most Excellent Lord, Don
Jerome Grimaldi, Marquis de Grimaldi, Knight of the Most Christian
King's Orders, Gentleman of his Catholick Majesty's Bedchamber
in Employment, and his Ambassador Extraordinary to his Most Christian
Majesty; his Sacred Majesty the Most Faithful King, the Most Illustrious
and Most Excellent Lord, Martin de Mello and Castro, Knight professed
of the Order of Christ, of his Most Faithful Majesty's Council,
and his Ambassador and Minister Plenipotentiary to his Most Christian
Majesty.

Who, after having duly communicated to each
other their full powers, in good form, copies whereof are transcribed
at the end of the present treaty of peace, have agreed upon the
articles, the tenor of which is as follows:

Article I. There shall be a Christian, universal,
and perpetual peace, as well by sea as by land, and a sincere
and constant friendship shall be re established between their
Britannick, Most Christian, Catholick, and Most Faithful Majesties,
and between their heirs and successors, kingdoms, dominions, provinces,
countries, subjects, and vassals, of what quality or condition
soever they be, without exception of places or of persons: So
that the high contracting parties shall give the greatest attention
to maintain between themselves and their said dominions and subjects
this reciprocal friendship and correspondence, without permitting,
on either side, any kind of hostilities, by sea or by land, to
be committed from henceforth, for any cause, or under any pretence
whatsoever, and every thing shall be carefully avoided which might
hereafter prejudice the union happily re­established, applying
themselves, on the contrary, on every occasion, to procure for
each other whatever may contribute to their mutual glory, interests,
and advantages, without giving any assistance or protection, directly
or indirectly, to those who would cause any prejudice to either
of the high contracting parties: there shall be a general oblivion
of every thing that may have been done or committed before or
since the commencement of the war which is just ended.

II. The treaties of Westphalia of 1648; those
of Madrid between the Crowns of Great Britain and Spain of 1661,
and 1670; the treaties of peace of Nimeguen of 1678, and 1679;
of Ryswick of 1697; those of peace and of commerce of Utrecht
of 1713; that of Baden of 1714; the treaty of the triple alliance
of the Hague of 1717; that of the quadruple alliance of London
of 1118; the treaty of peace of Vienna of 1738; the definitive
treaty of Aix la Chapelle of 1748; and that of Madrid, between
the Crowns of Great Britain and Spain of 1750: as well as the
treaties between the Crowns of Spain and Portugal of the 13th
of February, 1668; of the 6th of February, 1715; and of the 12th
of February, 1761; and that of the 11th of April, 1713, between
France and Portugal with the guaranties of Great Britain, serve
as a basis and foundation to the peace, and to the present treaty:
and for this purpose they are all renewed and confirmed in the
best form, as well as all the general, which subsisted between
the high contracting parties before the war, as if they were inserted
here word for word, so that they are to be exactly observed, for
the future, in their whole tenor, and religiously executed on
all sides, in all their points, which shall not be derogated from
by the present treaty, notwithstanding all that may have been
stipulated to the contrary by any of the high contracting parties:
and all the said parties declare, that they will not suffer any
privilege, favour, or indulgence to subsist, contrary to the treaties
above confirmed, except what shall have been agreed and stipulated
by the present treaty.

III. All the prisoners made, on all sides,
as well by land as by sea, and the hostages carried away or given
during the war, and to this day, shall be restored, without ransom,
six weeks, at least, to be computed from the day of the exchange
of the ratification of the present treaty, each crown respectively
paying the advances which shall have been made for the subsistance
and maintenance of their prisoners by the Sovereign of the country
where they shall have been detained, according to the attested
receipts and estimates and other authentic vouchers which shall
be furnished on one side and the other. And securities shall be
reciprocally given for the payment of the debts which the prisoners
shall have contracted in the countries where they have been detained
until their entire liberty. And all the ships of war and merchant
vessels Which shall have been taken since the expiration of the
terms agreed upon for the cessation of hostilities by sea shall
likewise be restored, bonâ fide, with all their crews
and cargoes: and the execution of this article shall be proceeded
upon immediately after the exchange of the ratifications of this
treaty.

IV. His Most Christian Majesty renounces all
pretensions which he has heretofore formed or might have formed
to Nova Scotia or Acadia in all its parts, and guaranties the
whole of it, and with all its dependencies, to the King of Great
Britain: Moreover, his Most Christian Majesty cedes and guaranties
to his said Britannick Majesty, in full right, Canada, with all
its dependencies, as well as the island of Cape Breton, and all
the other islands and coasts in the gulph and river of St. Lawrence,
and in general, every thing that depends on the said countries,
lands, islands, and coasts, with the sovereignty, property, possession,
and all rights acquired by treaty, or otherwise, which the Most
Christian King and the Crown of France have had till now over
the said countries, lands, islands, places, coasts, and their
inhabitants, so that the Most Christian King cedes and makes over
the whole to the said King, and to the Crown of Great Britain,
and that in the most ample manner and form, without restriction,
and without any liberty to depart from the said cession and guaranty
under any pretence, or to disturb Great Britain in the possessions
above mentioned. His Britannick Majesty, on his side, agrees to
grant the liberty of the Catholick religion to the inhabitants
of Canada: he will, in consequence, give the most precise and
most effectual orders, that his new Roman Catholic subjects may
profess the worship of their religion according to the rites of
the Romish church, as far as the laws of Great Britain permit.
His Britannick Majesty farther agrees, that the French inhabitants,
or others who had been subjects of the Most Christian King in
Canada, may retire with all safety and freedom wherever they shall
think proper, and may sell their estates, provided it be to the
subjects of his Britannick Majesty, and bring away their effects
as well as their persons, without being restrained in their emigration,
under any pretence whatsoever, except that of debts or of criminal
prosecutions: The term limited for this emigration shall be fixed
to the space of eighteen months, to be computed from the day of
the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty.

V. The subjects of France shall have the liberty
of fishing and drying on a part of the coasts of the island of
Newfoundland, such as it is specified in the XIIIth article of
the treaty of Utrecht; which article is renewed and confirmed
by the present treaty, (except what relates to the island of Cape
Breton, as well as to the other islands and coasts in the mouth
and in the gulph of St. Lawrence:) And his Britannick Majesty
consents to leave to the subjects of the Most Christian King the
liberty of fishing in the gulph of St. Lawrence, on condition
that the subjects of France do not exercise the said fishery but
at the distance of three leagues from all the coasts belonging
to Great Britain, as well those of the continent as those of the
islands situated in the said gulph of St. Lawrence. And as to
what relates to the fishery on the coasts of the island of Cape
Breton, out of the said gulph, the subjects of the Most Christian
King shall not be permitted to exercise the said fishery but at
the distance of fifteen leagues from the coasts of the island
of Cape Breton; and the fishery on the coasts of Nova Scotia or
Acadia, and every where else out of the said gulph, shall remain
on the foot of former treaties.

VI. The King of Great Britain cedes the islands
of St. Pierre and Macquelon, in full right, to his Most Christian
Majesty, to serve as a shelter to the French fishermen; and his
said Most Christian Majesty engages not to fortify the said islands;
to erect no buildings upon them but merely for the conveniency
of the fishery; and to keep upon them a guard of fifty men only
for the police.

VII. In order to re­establish peace on
solid and durable foundations, and to remove for ever all subject
of dispute with regard to the limits of the British and French
territories on the continent of America; it is agreed, that, for
the future, the confines between the dominions of his Britannick
Majesty and those of his Most Christian Majesty, in that part
of the world, shall be fixed irrevocably by a line drawn along
the middle of the River Mississippi, from its source to the river
Iberville, and from thence, by a line drawn along the middle of
this river, and the lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain to the sea;
and for this purpose, the Most Christian King cedes in full right,
and guaranties to his Britannick Majesty the river and port of
the Mobile, and every thing which he possesses, or ought to possess,
on the left side of the river Mississippi, except the town of
New Orleans and the island in which it is situated, which shall
remain to France, provided that the navigation of the river Mississippi
shall be equally free, as well to the subjects of Great Britain
as to those of France, in its whole breadth and length, from its
source to the sea, and expressly that part which is between the
said island of New Orleans and the right bank of that river, as
well as the passage both in and out of its mouth: It is farther
stipulated, that the vessels belonging to the subjects of either
nation shall not be stopped, visited, or subjected to the payment
of any duty whatsoever. The stipulations inserted in the IVth
article, in favour of the inhabitants of Canada shall also take
place with regard to the inhabitants of the countries ceded by
this article.

VIII. The King of Great Britain shall restore
to France the islands of Guadeloupe, of Mariegalante, of Desirade,
of Martinico, and of Belleisle; and the fortresses of these islands
shall be restored in the same condition they were in when they
were conquered by the British arms, provided that his Britannick
Majesty's subjects, who shall have settled in the said islands,
or those who shall have any commercial affairs to settle there
or in other places restored to France by the present treaty, shall
have liberty to sell their lands and their estates, to settle
their affairs, to recover their debts, and to bring away their
effects as well as their persons, on board vessels, which they
shall be permitted to send to the said islands and other places
restored as above, and which shall serve for this use only, without
being restrained on account of their religion, or under any other
pretence whatsoever, except that of debts or of criminal prosecutions:
and for this purpose, the term of eighteen months is allowed to
his Britannick Majesty's subjects, to be computed from the day
of the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty; but,
as the liberty granted to his Britannick Majesty's subjects, to
bring away their persons and their effects, in vessels of their
nation, may be liable to abuses if precautions were not taken
to prevent them; it has been expressly agreed between his Britannick
Majesty and his Most Christian Majesty, that the number of English
vessels which have leave to go to the said islands and places
restored to France, shall be limited, as well as the number of
tons of each one; that they shall go in ballast; shall set sail
at a fixed time; and shall make one voyage only; all the effects
belonging to the English being to be embarked at the same time.
It has been farther agreed, that his Most Christian Majesty shall
cause the necessary passports to be given to the said vessels;
that, for the greater security, it shall be allowed to place two
French clerks or guards in each of the said vessels, which shall
be visited in the landing places and ports of the said islands
and places restored to France, and that the merchandize which
shall be found therein shall be confiscated.

IX. The Most Christian King cedes and guaranties
to his Britannick Majesty, in full right, the islands of Grenada,
and the Grenadines, with the same stipulations in favour of the
inhabitants of this colony, inserted in the IVth article for those
of Canada: And the partition of the islands called neutral, is
agreed and fixed, so that those of St. Vincent, Dominico, and
Tobago, shall remain in full right to Great Britain, and that
of St. Lucia shall be delivered to France, to enjoy the same likewise
in full right, and the high contracting parties guaranty the partition
so stipulated.

X. His Britannick Majesty shall restore to
France the island of Goree in the condition it was in when conquered:
and his Most Christian Majesty cedes, in full right, and guaranties
to the King of Great Britain the river Senegal, with the forts
and factories of St. Lewis, Podor, and Galam, and with all the
rights and dependencies of the said river Senegal.

XI. In the East Indies Great Britain shall
restore to France, in the condition they are now in, the different
factories which that Crown possessed, as well as on the coast
of Coromandel and Orixa as on that of Malabar, as also in Bengal,
at the beginning of the year 1749. And his Most Christian Majesty
renounces all pretension to the acquisitions which he has made
on the coast of Coromandel and Orixa since the said beginning
of the year 1749. His Most Christian Majesty shall restore, on
his side, all that he may have conquered from Great Britain in
the East Indies during the present war; and will expressly cause
Nattal and Tapanoully, in the island of Sumatra, to be restored;
he engages farther, not to erect fortifications, or to keep troops
in any part of the dominions of the Subah of Bengal. And in order
to preserve future peace on the coast of Coromandel and Orixa,
the English and French shall acknowledge Mahomet Ally Khan for
lawful Nabob of the Carnatick, and Salabat Jing for lawful Subah
of the Decan; and both parties shall renounce all demands and
pretensions of satisfaction with which they might charge each
other, or their Indian allies, for the depredations or pillage
committed on the one side or on the other during the war.

XII. The island of Minorca shall be restored
to his Britannick Majesty, as well as Fort St. Philip, in the
same condition they were in when conquered by the arms of the
Most Christian King; and with the artillery which was there when
the said island and the said fort were taken.

XIII. The town and port of Dunkirk shall be
put into the state fixed by the last treaty of Aix la Chapelle,
and by former treaties. The Cunette shall be destroyed immediately
after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty,
as well as the forts and batteries which defend the entrance on
the side of the sea; and provision shall be made at the same time
for the wholesomeness of the air, and for the health of the inhabitants,
by some other means, to the satisfaction of the King of Great
Britain.

XIV. France shall restore all the countries
belonging to the Electorate of Hanover, to the Landgrave of Hesse,
to the Duke of Brunswick, and to the Count of La Lippe Buckebourg,
which are or shall be occupied by his Most Christian Majesty's
arms: the fortresses of these different countries shall be restored
in the same condition they were in when conquered by the French
arms; and the pieces of artillery, which shall have been carried
elsewhere, shall be replaced by the same number, of the same bore,
weight and metal.

XV. In case the stipulations contained in the
XIIIth article of the preliminaries should not be compleated at
the time of the signature of the present treaty, as well with
regard to the evacuations to be made by the armies of France of
the fortresses of Cleves, Wezel, Guelders, and of all the countries
belonging to the King of Prussia, as with regard to the evacuations
to be made by the British and French armies of the countries which
they occupy in Westphalia, Lower Saxony, on the Lower Rhine, the
Upper Rhine, and in all the empire; and to the retreat of the
troops into the dominions of their respective Sovereigns: their
Britannick and Most Christian Majesties promise to proceed, bonâ
fide, with all the dispatch the case will permit of to the
said evacuations, the entire completion whereof they stipulate
before the 15th of March next, or sooner if it can be done; and
their Britannick and Most Christian Majesties farther engage and
promise to each other, not to furnish any succours of any kind
to their respective allies who shall continue engaged in the war
in Germany.

XVI. The decision of the prizes made in time
of peace by the subjects of Great Britain, on the Spaniards, shall
be referred to the Courts of Justice of the Admiralty of Great
Britain, conformably to the rules established among all nations,
so that the validity of the said prizes, between the British and
Spanish nations, shall be decided and judged, according to the
law of nations, and according to treaties, in the Courts of Justice
of the nation who shall have made the capture.

XVII. His Britannick Majesty shall cause to
be demolished all the fortifications which his subjects shall
have erected in the bay of Honduras, and other places of the territory
of Spain in that part of the world, four months after the ratification
of the present treaty; and his Catholick Majesty shall not permit
his Britannick Majesty's subjects, or their workmen, to be disturbed
or molested under any pretence whatsoever in the said places,
in their occupation of cutting, loading, and carrying away log­wood;
and for this purpose, they may build, without hindrance, and occupy,
without interruption, the houses and magazines necessary for them,
for their families, and for their effects; and his Catholick Majesty
assures to them, by this article, the full enjoyment of those
advantages and powers on the Spanish coasts and territories, as
above stipulated, immediately after the ratification of the present
treaty.

XVIII. His Catholick Majesty desists, as well
for himself as for his successors, from all pretension which he
may have formed in favour of the Guipuscoans, and other his subjects,
to the right of fishing in the neighbourhood of the island of
Newfoundland.

XIX. The King of Great Britain shall restore
to Spain all the territory which he has conquered in the island
of Cuba, with the fortress of the Havannah; and this fortress,
as well as all the other fortresses of the said island, shall
be restored in the same condition they were in when conquered
by his Britannick Majesty's arms, provided that his Britannick
Majesty's subjects who shall have settled in the said island,
restored to Spain by the present treaty, or those who shall have
any commercial affairs to settle there, shall have liberty to
sell their lands and their estates, to settle their affairs, recover
their debts, and to bring away their effects, as well as their
persons, on board vessels which they shall be permitted to send
to the said island restored as above, and which shall serve for
that use only, without being restrained on account of their religion,
or under any other pretence whatsoever, except that of debts or
of criminal prosecutions: And for this purpose, the term of eighteen
months is allowed to his Britannick Majesty's subjects, to be
computed from the day of the exchange of the ratifications of
the present treaty: but as the liberty granted to his Britannick
Majesty's subjects, to bring away their persons and their effects,
in vessels of their nation, may be liable to abuses if precautions
were not taken to prevent them; it has been expressly agreed between
his Britannick Majesty and his Catholick Majesty, that the number
of English vessels which shall have leave to go to the said island
restored to Spain shall be limited, as well as the number of tons
of each one; that they shall go in ballast; shall set sail at
a fixed time; and shall make one voyage only; all the effects
belonging to the English being to be embarked at the same time:
it has been farther agreed, that his Catholick Majesty shall cause
the necessary passports to be given to the said vessels; that
for the greater security, it shall be allowed to place two Spanish
clerks or guards in each of the said vessels, which shall be visited
in the landing places and ports of the said island restored to
Spain, and that the merchandize which shall be found therein shall
be confiscated.

XX. In consequence of the restitution stipulated
in the preceding article, his Catholick Majesty cedes and guaranties,
in full right, to his Britannick Majesty, Florida, with Fort St.
Augustin, and the Bay of Pensacola, as well as all that Spain
possesses on the continent of North America, to the East or to
the South East of the river Mississippi. And, in general, every
thing that depends on the said countries and lands, with the sovereignty,
property, possession, and all rights, acquired by treaties or
otherwise, which the Catholick King and the Crown of Spain have
had till now over the said countries, lands, places, and their
inhabitants; so that the Catholick King cedes and makes over the
whole to the said King and to the Crown of Great Britain, and
that in the most ample manner and form. His Britannick Majesty
agrees, on his side, to grant to the inhabitants of the countries
above ceded, the liberty of the Catholick religion; he will, consequently,
give the most express and the most effectual orders that his new
Roman Catholic subjects may profess the worship of their religion
according to the rites of the Romish church, as far as the laws
of Great Britain permit. His Britannick Majesty farther agrees,
that the Spanish inhabitants, or others who had been subjects
of the Catholick King in the said countries, may retire, with
all safety and freedom, wherever they think proper; and may sell
their estates, provided it be to his Britannick Majesty's subjects,
and bring away their effects, as well as their persons.

without being restrained in their emigration,
under any pretence whatsoever, except that of debts, or of criminal
prosecutions: the term limited for this emigration being fixed
to the space of eighteen months, to be computed from the day of
the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty. It is
moreover stipulated, that his Catholick Majesty shall have power
to cause all the effects that may belong to him, to be brought
away, whether it be artillery or other things.

XXI. The French and Spanish troops shall evacuate
all the territories, lands, towns, places, and castles, of his
Most faithful Majesty in Europe, without any reserve, which shall
have been conquered by the armies of France and Spain, and shall
restore them in the same condition they were in when conquered,
with the same artillery and ammunition, which were found there:
And with regard to the Portuguese Colonies in America, Africa,
or in the East Indies, if any change shall have happened there,
all things shall be restored on the same footing they were in,
and conformably to the preceding treaties which subsisted between
the Courts of France, Spain, and Portugal, before the present
war.

XXII. All the papers, letters, documents, and
archives, which were found in the countries, territories, towns
and places that are restored, and those belonging to the countries
ceded, shall be, respectively and bonâ fide, delivered,
or furnished at the same time, if possible, that possession is
taken, or, at latest, four months after the exchange of the ratifications
of the present treaty, in whatever places the said papers or documents
may be found.

XXIII. All the countries and territories, which
may have been conquered, in whatsoever part of the world, by the
arms of their Britannick and Most Faithful Majesties, as well
as by those of their Most Christian and Catholick Majesties, which
are not included in the present treaty, either under the title
of cessions, or under the title of restitutions, shall be restored
without difficulty, and without requiring any compensations.

XXIV. As it is necessary to assign a fixed
epoch for the restitutions and the evacuations, to be made by
each of the high contracting parties, it is agreed, that the British
and French troops shall compleat, before the 15th of March next,
all that shall remain to be executed of the XIIth and XIIIth articles
of the preliminaries, signed the 3d day of November last, with
regard to the evacuation to be made in the Empire, or elsewhere.
The island of Belleisle shall be evacuated six weeks after the
exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, or sooner
if it can be done. Guadeloupe, Desirade, Mariegalante Martinico,
and St. Lucia, three months after the exchange of the ratifications
of the present treaty, or sooner if it can be done. Great Britain
shall likewise, at the end of three months after the exchange
of the ratifications of the present treaty, or sooner if it can
be done, enter into possession of the river and port of the Mobile,
and of all that is to form the limits of the territory of Great
Britain, on the side of the river Mississippi, as they are specified
in the VIIth article. The island of Goree shall be evacuated by
Great Britain, three months after the exchange of the ratifications
of the present treaty; and the island of Minorca by France, at
the same epoch, or sooner if it can be done: And according to
the conditions of the VIth article, France shall likewise enter
into possession of the islands of St Peter, and of Miquelon, at
the end of three months after the exchange of the ratifications
of the present treaty. The Factories in the East Indies shall
be restored six months after the exchange of the ratifications
of the present treaty, or sooner if it can be done. The fortress
of the Havannah, with all that has been conquered in the island
of Cuba, shall be restored three months after the exchange of
the ratifications of the present treaty, or sooner if it can be
done: And, at the same time, Great Britain shall enter into possession
of the country ceded by Spain according to the XXth article. All
the places and countries of his most Faithful Majesty, in Europe,
shall be restored immediately after the exchange of the ratification
of the present treaty: And the Portuguese colonies, which may
have been conquered, shall be restored in the space of three months
in the West Indies, and of six months in the East Indies, after
the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, or sooner
if it can be done. All the fortresses, the restitution whereof
is stipulated above, shall be restored with the artillery and
ammunition, which were found there at the time of the conquest.
In consequence whereof, the necessary orders shall be sent by
each of the high contracting parties, with reciprocal passports
for the ships that shall carry them, immediately after the exchange
of the ratifications of the present treaty.

XXV. His Britannick Majesty, as Elector of
Brunswick Lunenbourg, as well for himself as for his heirs and
successors, and all the dominions and possessions of his said
Majesty in Germany, are included and guarantied by the present
treaty of peace.

XXVI. Their sacred Britannick, Most Christian,
Catholick, and Most Faithful Majesties, promise to observe sincerely
and bonâ fide, all the articles contained and settled
in the present treaty; and they will not suffer the same to be
infringed, directly or indirectly, by their respective subjects;
and the said high contracting parties, generally and reciprocally,
guaranty to each other all the stipulations of the present treaty.

XXVII. The solemn ratifications of the present
treaty, expedited in good and due form, shall be exchanged in
this city of Paris, between the high contracting parties, in the
space of a month, or sooner if possible, to be computed from the
day of the signature of the present treaty.

In witness whereof, we the underwritten their
Ambassadors Extraordinary, and Ministers Plenipotentiary, have
signed with our hand, in their name, and in virtue of our full
powers, have signed the present definitive treaty, and have caused
the seal of our arms to be put thereto. Done at Paris the tenth
day of February, 1763.

Bedford, C.P.S.
Choiseul, Duc de Praslin. El Marq. de Grimaldi.

(L.S.) (L.S.) (LS )

SEPARATE ARTICLES

I. Some of the titles made use of by the contracting
powers, either in the full powers, and other acts, during the
course of the negociation, or in the preamble of the present treaty,
not being generally acknowledged; it has been agreed, that no
prejudice shall ever result therefrom to any of the said contracting
parties, and that the titles, taken or omitted on either side,
on occasion of the said negociation, and of the present treaty,
shall not be cited or quoted as a precedent.

II. It has been agreed and determined, that
the French language made use of in all the copies of the present
treaty, shall not become an example which may be alledged, or
made a precedent of, or prejudice, in any manner, any of the contracting
powers; and that they shall conform themselves, for the future,
to what has been observed, and ought to be observed, with regard
to, and on the part of powers, who are used, and have a right,
to give and to receive copies of like treaties in another language
than French; the present treaty having still the same force and
effect, as if the aforesaid custom had been therein observed.

III. Though the King of Portugal has not signed
the present definitive treaty, their Britannick, Most Christian,
and Catholick Majesties, acknowledge, nevertheless, that his Most
Faithful Majesty is formally included therein as a contracting
party, and as if he had expressly signed the said treaty: Consequently,
their Britannick, Most Christian, and Catholick Majesties, respectively
and conjointly, promise to his Most Faithful Majesty, in the most
express and most binding manner, the execution of all and every
the clauses, contained in the said treaty, on his act of accession.

The present Separate Articles shall have the
same force as if they were inserted in the treaty.

In witness whereof, We the under­written
Ambassadors Extraordinary, and Ministers Plenipotentiary of their
Britannick, Most Christian and Catholick Majesties, have signed
the present separate Articles, and have caused the seal of our
arms to be put thereto.

Done at Paris, the 10th of February, 1763.

Bedford, C.P.S.
Choiseul, Duc El Marq. de

(L.S.) de Praslin. Grimaldi.

(L.S.) (L.S.)

His Britannick Majesty's full Power.

GEORGE R.

GEORGE the Third, by the grace of God, King
of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke
of Brunswick and Lunenbourg, Arch­Treasurer, and Prince Elector
of the Holy Roman Empire, &c. To all and singular to whom
these presents shall come, greeting. Whereas, in order to perfect
the peace between Us and our good Brother the Most Faithful King,
on the one part, and our good Brothers the Most Christian and
Catholick Kings, on the other, which has been happily begun by
the Preliminary Articles already signed at Fontainebleau the third
of this month; and to bring the same to the desired end, We have
thought proper to invest some fit person with full authority,
on our part; Know ye, that We, having most entire confidence in
the fidelity, judgment, skill, and ability in managing affairs
of the greatest consequence, of our right trusty, and right entirely
beloved Cousin and Counsellor, John Duke and Earl of Bedford,
Marquis of Tavistock, Baron Russel of Cheneys, Baron Russel of
Thornhaugh, and Baron Howland of Streatham, Lieutenant­general
of our forces, Keeper of our Privy Seal, Lieutenant and Custos
Rotulorum of the counties of Bedford and Devon, Knight of our
most noble order of the Garter, and our Ambassador Extraordinary
and Plenipotentiary to our good Brother the Most Christian King,
have nominated, made, constituted and appointed, as by these presents,
we do nominate, make, constitute, and appoint him, our true, certain,
and undoubted Minister, Commissary, Deputy, Procurator and Plenipotentiary,
giving to him all and all manner of power, faculty and authority,
as well as our general and special command (yet so as that the
general do not derogate from the special, or on the contrary)
for Us and in our name, to meet and confer, as well singly and
separately, as jointly, and in a body, with the Ambassadors, Commissaries,
Deputies, and Plenipotentiaries of the Princes, whom it may concern,
vested with sufficient power and authority for that purpose, and
with them to agree upon, treat, consult and conclude, concerning
the re­establishing, as soon as may be, a firm and lasting
peace, and sincere friendship and concord; and whatever shall
be so agreed and concluded, for Us and in our name, to sign, and
to make a treaty or treaties, on what shall have been so agreed
and concluded, and to transact every thing else that may belong
to the happy completion of the aforesaid work, in as ample a manner
and form, and with the same force and effect, as We ourselves,
if we were present, could do and perform; engaging and promising,
on our royal word, that We will approve, ratify and accept, in
the best manner, whatever shall happen to be transacted and concluded
by our said Plenipotentiary, and that We will never suffer any
person to infringe or act contrary to the same, either in the
whole or in part. In witness and confirmation whereof We have
caused our great Seal of Great Britain to be affixed to these
presents, signed with our royal hand. Given at our Palace at St.
James's, the 12th day of November, 1762, in the third year of
our reign.

His Most Christian Majesty's Full Power.

LEWIS, by the grace of God, King of France
and Navarre, To all who shall see these presents, Greeting. Whereas
the Preliminaries, signed at Fontainebleau the third of November
of the last year, laid the foundation of the peace re­established
between us and our most dear and most beloved good Brother and
Cousin the King of Spain, on the one part, and our most dear and
most beloved good Brother the King of Great Britain, and our most
dear and most beloved good Brother and Cousin the King of Portugal
on the other, We have had nothing more at heart since that happy
epoch, than to consolidate and strengthen in the most lasting
manner, so salutary and so important a work, by a solemn and definitive
treaty between Us and the said powers. For these causes, and other
good considerations, Us thereunto moving, We, trusting entirely
in the capacity and experience, zeal and fidelity for our service,
of our most dear and well­beloved Cousin, Cæsar Gabriel
de Choiseul, Duke of Praslin, Peer of France, Knight of our Orders,
Lieutenant General of our Forces and of the province of Britany,
Counsellor in all our Councils, Minister and Secretary of State,
and of our Commands and Finances, We have named, appointed, and
deputed him, and by these presents, signed with our hand, do name,
appoint, and depute him our Minister Plenipotentiary, giving him
full and absolute power to act in that quality, and to confer,
negociate, treat and agree jointly with the Minister Plenipotentiary
of our most dear and most beloved good Brother the King of Great
Britain, the Minister Plenipotentiary of our most dear and most
beloved good Brother and Cousin the King of Spain and the Minister
Plenipotentiary of our most dear and most beloved good Brother
and Cousin the King of Portugal, vested with full powers, in good
form, to agree, conclude and sign such articles, conditions, conventions,
declarations, definitive treaty, accessions, and other acts whatsoever,
that he shall judge proper for securing and strengthening the
great work of peace, the whole with the same latitude and authority
that We ourselves might do, if We were there in person, even though
there should be something which might require a more special order
than what is contained in these presents, promising on the faith
and word of a King, to approve, keep firm and stable for ever,
to fulfil and execute punctually, all that our said Cousin, the
Duke of Praslin, shall have stipulated, promised and signed, in
virtue of the present full power, without ever acting contrary
thereto, or permitting any thing contrary thereto, for any cause,
or under any pretence whatsoever, as also to cause our letters
of ratification to be expedited in good form, and to cause them
to be delivered, in order to be exchanged within the time that
shall be agreed upon. For such is our pleasure. In witness whereof,
we have caused our Seal to be put to these presents. Given at
Versailles the 7th day of the month of February, in the year of
Grace 1763, and of our reign the forty­eighth. Signed Lewis,
and on the fold, by the King, the Duke of Choiseul. Sealed with
the great Seal of yellow Wax.

His Catholick Majesty's full Power.

DON CARLOS, by the grace of God, King of Castille,
of Leon, of Arragon, of the two Sicilies, of Jerusalem, of Navarre,
of Granada, of Toledo, of Valencia, of Galicia, of Majorca, of
Seville, of Sardinia, of Cordova, of Corsica, of Murcia, of Jaen,
of the Algarves. of Algecira. of Gibraltar. of the Canary Islands,
of the East and West Indies, Islands and Continent, of the Ocean,
Arch Duke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, of Brabant and Milan,
Count of Hapsburg, of Flanders, of Tirol and Barcelona, Lord of
Biscay and of Molino, &c. Whereas preliminaries of a solid
and lasting peace between this Crown, and that of France on the
one part, and that of England and Portugal on the other, were
concluded and signed in the Royal Residence of Fontainbleau, the
3rd of November of the present year, and the respective ratifications
thereof exchanged on the 22d of the same month, by Ministers authorised
for that purpose, wherein it is promised, that a definitive treaty
should be forthwith entered upon, having established and regulated
the chief points upon which it is to turn: and whereas in the
same manner as I granted to you, Don Jerome Grimaldi, Marquis
de Grimaldi, Knight of the Order of the Holy Ghost, Gentleman
of my Bed­chamber with employment, and my Ambassador Extraordinary
to the Most Christian King, my full power to treat, adjust, and
sign the before­mentioned preliminaries, it is necessary
to grant the same to you, or to some other, to treat, adjust,
and sign the promised definitive treaty of peace as aforesaid:
therefore, as you the said Don Jerome Grimaldi, Marquis de Grimaldi,
are at the convenient place, and as I have every day fresh motives,
from your approved fidelity and zeal, capacity and prudence, to
entrust to you this, and other­like concerns of my Crown,
I have appointed you my Minister Plenipotentiary, and granted
to you my full power, to the end, that, in my name, and representing
my person, you may treat, regulate, settle, and sign the said
definitive treaty of peace between my Crown and that of France
on the one part, that of England and that of Portugal on the other,
with the Ministers who shall be equally and specially authorised
by their respective Sovereigns for the same purpose; acknowledging,
as I do from this time acknowledge, as accepted and ratified,
whatever you shall so treat, conclude, and sign; promising, on
my Royal Word, that I will observe and fulfil the same, will cause
it to be observed and fulfilled, as if it had been treated, concluded,
and signed by myself. In witness whereof, I have caused these
presents to be dispatched, signed by my hand, sealed with my privy
seal, and countersigned by my under­written Counsellor of
State, and first Secretary for the department of State and of
War. Buen Retiro, the 10th day of December, 1762.

(Signed) I THE KING.

(And lower) Richard Wall

Footnote

The English version of the Treaty of 1763
is taken from the Collection of Treaties compiled by the Hon.
Charles Jenkinson, afterwards Lord Liverpool, and which appeared
under the following title:--"A Collection of all the Treaties
of Peace, Alliance, and Commerce, Between Great­Britain and
other Powers. From the Treaty signed at Munster in 1648, to the
Treaties signed at Paris in 1783. By the Right Hon. Charles Jenkinson.
In three Volumes." The Treaty of 1763 is contained in Vol.
III, pp. 177­197.

This was taken directly from a wonderful collection of documents compiled
by Adam Shortt and Arthur G. Doughty, eds. Documents Relating to the
Constitutional History of Canada, 2nd. rev. ed. 1759-1791 (Ottawa:
Public Archives of Canada (King's Printer), 1918). Recommended. [ I
don't like to editorialize, but I feel that this is at least important to
state: An important reference work like this that is made available for the
public is not an open invitation to vanadalize it. The copy I had
was full of scrawlings penciled in everywhere and even
had its reproduced map of New France as it was in 1759 nearly torn out.
Works like these should be treated with respect and saved, not like a
dime-store notepad you throw away with your failed school paper on law.
-Ed. ]