Similar to other northern peripheries, remote, and sparsely populated areas (SPAs) in Sweden's far north have been confronted with decreasing populations and economic stagnation, forcing local governments to more actively engage in strategies for attracting and retaining populations. This exploratory community case study considers rural place-marketing efforts in the municipalities of angstrom sele and Storuman, with a particular focus on understanding differing local strategies for attracting consumption-driven movers to "amenity-poor" and "amenity-rich" areas. The case study examines two research questions: what target groups do these municipalities envisage as desired new populations; and to what extent, and how, do they engage in rural place-marketing efforts? Our study reveals that the municipal officials' views on rural place-marketing strategies differ considerably, as angstrom sele participates in Europe's largest emigration expo while Storuman draws on its increasing tourism development to attract seasonal residents and returning young adults in the family-building stage of the life course. The findings further illustrate how production and performance aspects of mobility are essential when studying the socio-economic sustainability of everyday life in sparsely populated northern Swedish municipalities at different geographical places and levels.

2.

Furåker, Bengt

et al.

Göteborgs universitet.

Håkansson, Kristina

Göteborgs universitet.

Karlsson, Jan Ch

Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013).

People's work orientations and attitudes to paid work are highly important for the welfare of any country. Still, little is currently known about how such attitudes are distributed among different countries, men and women, classes, occupations, age groups and so on. Even less is known about how work orientations have changed during the dramatic social transformations of economies and labour markets during recent decades. What happened, for example, to work orientations in Iceland when the country went bankrupt? The answer is quite surprising. Or, is it true that work is losing its position in people's lives in Western world? What is the relationship between people's attitudes to work and the way they actually behave on the labour market?This timely book deals with these questions - and more - presenting fresh knowledge on changes in work orientations in many countries. It is based on genuine theoretical arguments and thorough empirical studies, using both qualitative and quantitative methods. It is a great source of new knowledge on work orientations and changes in attitudes to work.

This paper, analyzing interviews with men that donate their semen in Denmark, explores what it means to be a sperm donor. Breaking with the assumption that men have a specific and clearly identifiable motivation to become sperm donors, this paper leaves the confinement of such an accountable actor model implied in asking for men's motivations to donate semen. Instead, the author describes the experiences of sperm donors to show how the moral, organizational, and biomedical-technological context of sperm donation in Denmark makes for enactments of moral selves as well as specific embodiments of masculinity. Instead of looking for motivations that can be accounted for, the author engages with the question of how donating semen affords men the experience of moral and gendered selves This paper, analyzing interviews with men that donate their semen in Denmark, explores what it means to be a sperm donor. Breaking with the assumption that men have a specific and clearly identifiable motivation to become sperm donors, this paper leaves the confinement of such an accountable actor model implied in asking for men's motivations to donate semen. Instead, the author describes the experiences of sperm donors to show how the moral, organizational, and biomedical-technological context of sperm donation in Denmark makes for enactments of moral selves as well as specific embodiments of masculinity. Instead of looking for motivations that can be accounted for, the author engages with the question of how donating semen affords men the experience of moral and gendered selves

Danish sperm donors face a particular kind of kinship trouble: they find themselves in a cultural and organizational context that offers different and contrary ways of how to make connections to donor-conceived individuals meaningful. Whereas Danish sperm banks and Danish law want sperm donors to regard these connections as contractual issues, the dominant kinship narrative in Denmark asks sperm donors to also consider them as family and kinship relations. Based on interviews with Danish sperm donors and participant observation at Danish sperm banks, I argue that Danish sperm donors make sense of connections to donor-conceived individuals as a particular kind of relatedness that cannot be reduced to either contractual or kinship relations. Making sense of these connections, sperm donors negotiate their social significance and thereby participate in opening a space which offers avenues for new kinds of sociality.

The labor market has become more globalized, which has resulted in an increase of international projects. This is especially common in the software industry, where companies often hire computer specialists from other countries, to broaden the organizations’ expertise. International projects mean more cultural differences at workplaces. This can both disadvantage and enrich a project, depending on how the project participants perceive and handle the differences. The intention for this study is to explore how the project participants in a multicultural project, in the software industry, experience the cultural differences.

As the workplaces become more multicultural, there is an increased need for knowledge about different cultures. For this, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory is a frequently used reference, which is a broad generalization of different cultures. This leads to the second aim for this study, which is to examine if generalizations of cultures can be used to understand how project participants perceive cultural differences in a multicultural project.

The study was conducted through a qualitative case study in the software industry, where two Indians and two Swedes in a project were interviewed. The project team and the respondents are placed in Karlstad, Sweden. Empirical data has been related mainly to Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory. In the analysis it has been studied if Hofstede’s theories are suitable to use for understanding the project participants' perceptions of the cultural differences in a project. The study is focusing on multicultural projects and does not considering projects in general. Only those cultural differences covered by Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions have been taken into account. There is a sixth dimension in Hofstede’s theory, but this one has not been considered in this study.

Hofstede’s cultural dimension theory is showing obvious contrasts between the studied cultures, but it appears though that the respondents' perceptions of cultural differences are not as clear as in Hofstede’s study. The conclusion is that general descriptions of cultures are not applicable on individuals, but are suitable for studying large groups. During the interviews, it appears that the Indian respondents consider that they are more affected by cultural differences in the project, than the Swedish respondents do.

The project participants perceive that cultural differences affect the group mostly informal and not concerning the formal work. The respondents do not believe cultural differences affect the group in any significant way, which is probably due to that there is some prior knowledge and experience of each other and other cultures, namely cultural intelligence. Another contributing factor could be the Indian respondents’ ability of adapting to Swedish culture and its way of working.

For further research it would be interesting to study how cultural differences in a project influence the project participants' cooperation. To study the influence rather than the perceiving, the study would probably have to be more substantial, such as a greater number of respondents for an extended period of time.