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Summary

Biologists, breeders and trainers, and champion sled dog racers, Raymond and Lorna Coppinger have more than four decades of experience with literally thousands of dogs. Offering a scientifically informed perspective on canines and their relations with humans, the Coppingers take a close look at eight different types of dogshousehold, village, livestock guarding, herding, sled-pulling, pointing, retrieving, and hound. They argue that dogs did not evolve directly from wolves, nor were they trained by early humans; instead they domesticated themselves to exploit a new ecological niche: Mesolithic village dumps. Tracing the evolution of today's breeds from these village dogs, the Coppingers show how characteristic shapes and behaviorsfrom pointing and baying to the sleek shapes of running dogsarise from both genetic heritage and the environments in which pups are raised. For both dogs and humans to get the most out of each other, we need to understand and adapt to the biological needs and dispositions of our canine companions, just as they have to ours.

Author Biography

Raymond Coppinger is a professor of biology at Hampshire College. He is the author of Fishing Dogs and coauthor of Wheelchair Assistance Dogs.

Lorna Coppinger is the award-winning author of The World of Sled Dogs. Together they founded Hampshire's Livestock Dog Project.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments

11

(2)

Preface: The Right Kind of Dog

13

(8)

Introduction: Studying Dogs?

21

(1)

Why Study Dogs?

21

(6)

How to Study and Who Studies, Dogs

27

(10)

Part I. The Evolution of The Basic Dog: Commensalism

37

(60)

Wolves Evolve into Dogs

39

(30)

The Pinocchio Hypothesis of Dog Origin

41

(1)

Taming the Wolf

42

(5)

Training the Wolf

47

(2)

Domesticating the Wolf

49

(1)

Speciation Requires Populations That Evolve-Not Individuals

50

(2)

Speciation Requires Differential Mortality

52

(17)

Village Dogs

69

(16)

The Mesolithic Island

72

(13)

Natural Breeds

85

(12)

People Become Conscious of Dogs

89

(8)

Part II. Working Dogs and People: Mutualism

97

(128)

Developmental Environments

101

(56)

Livestock-Guarding Dogs

101

(1)

In the Nest: Shaping the Behavior

101

(18)

The Transhumance: Distributing and Mixing Genes

119

(11)

The Transhumance: Evolving the Size and Shape

130

(6)

Breed Genesis: Selecting for Color

136

(4)

Walking Hounds

140

(17)

The Physical Conformation of a Breed

157

(32)

Sled Dogs-How Do They Run?

157

(19)

The Shape of the Team

176

(5)

Running Is Social Behavior

181

(4)

The Society of a Sled Dog Team

185

(2)

The Value of the Breed Standard

187

(2)

Behavioral Conformation

189

(36)

Herding Dogs, Retrievers, and Pointers

189

(22)

The Border Collie's Behavioral Conformation

211

(6)

Motor Patterns

217

(8)

Part III. Are People the Dog's Best Friend? Parasitism, Amensalism, and Dulosis