Definition

Addiction is marked by an out-of-control need and craving that affects relationships and social obligations, such as work and school. Prescription medications are drugs given to treat a certain condition. Prescription drug addiction
is the compulsive seeking and overuse of prescription medications despite harmful consequences. Some medications have a higher risk of addiction. Even with proper use they are associated with alterations in the pathways in the brain. These pathways influence sense of reward and well-being which can influence addiction.

Medication abuse is inappropriate use of medicine. It may include taking higher dose than recommended, snorting pills, mixing with other drugs and alcohol or using medication for wrong reason (such as using pain medication for sleep). Medication (drug) abuse may only develop because of addiction or the addiction may develop after abuse of a medication.

There are certain prescription drugs that are commonly abused because they are more likely to cause addiction. These drugs include:

Physical dependence may contribute to the development and continuance of addiction. Physical dependence is when your body needs a drug to function normally. Withdrawal symptoms when the medicine is stopped or reduced can be a sign of physical dependence. It can make cessation of drug use difficult. Physical dependence may occur with abuse or with long term proper use of medications.

Symptoms

The symptoms below are associated with prescription drug addiction. If you experience any one of them, see your doctor.

Rapid increase in the amount of medication needed

Moving from one doctor to another for additional prescriptions

Craving the medication

Inability to stop or limit medication use

Withdrawal symptoms (can be intense and include nausea, vomiting, and sweating)

Using significant effort to acquire the medication

Medication use that interferes with activities

Compulsive use of the medication despite adverse effects

Let your doctor know if you are having symptoms of physical dependence.

Diagnosis

Addiction can be difficult to diagnose. Prescription medication addiction can start with someone who needs frequent medications for a long-term condition like chronic pain. This can make it difficult to distinguish the difference between addiction and medical need.

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam may be done. Your doctor will ask specific questions about your prescription medication use and may review your refill history.

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Addictions can be treated effectively through detoxification and
counseling
. Treatment will depend on the type of drug you use and your specific needs.

Treatment options include the following:

Detoxification

This involves managing the symptoms of withdrawal while the medication leaves your system. Some symptoms of withdrawal can be life-threatening. Your medical team will slowly taper you off the drug and monitor your bodies reactions.

Other medications may be used to counteract the effects of addiction and withdrawal symptoms. This should be done under the supervision of a doctor in a hospital or other outpatient setting to ensure your safety and effective detoxification.

It is important to follow-up with other therapies to avoid relapse.

Behavioral Therapies

Behavioral therapies can help. This therapy will help you learn to function without the medication, handle cravings, and avoid situations in which relapse is likely. Behavioral therapy may include individual, group, or family counseling.

Medication

Certain medications can be used to treat opiate dependence that may be present with addiction. They may be used during detoxification to reduce withdrawal symptoms. They may also be continued through maintenance to decrease craving and reduce the risk of relapse. They are given as a part of an overall treatment approach including counseling. Common medication options include:

Methadone

Buprenorphine

Naltrexone

The choice of medication will depend on drugs involved in addiction, your medical history, and recovery commitment.

Other medications may be needed to treat underlying issues, such as depression or anxiety. These medications may help you on your way to a full and productive life as well as prevent relapse.

Prevention

To reduce your chance of developing a prescription drug addiction, take the following steps:

Carefully follow directions.

Be aware of potential interactions with other drugs.

Talk with your doctor before changing the dose.

Never use another person's prescription.

Tell your doctor all the medicines you are taking. This includes over-the-counter medicines and dietary and herbal supplements.

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This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.