The Role of Knowledge Creation followed a software team's first experience adopting extreme programming as a software development process. The authors applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to study how perceived usefulness and ease of use affected the team's adoption of extreme programming.

The members of the team had previously used the waterfall model on a piece of software that ended up 60% over schedule and 50% over budget; neither the team members not project manager had any previous experience with extreme programming. The team members went through a one-week training course on extreme programming before beginning the project.

The extreme programming project finished 50% over schedule and 25% over budget, an increase in performance compared to the previous waterfall project. The team members felt that adopting extreme programming was beneficial; also, they intended to obtain more training on extreme programming and use it as the main approach on new development.

The author concluded that extreme programming has its drawbacks, and is most useful for projects of a small to medium size, where requirements are ill defined and more likely to change.