More than two decades ago, Dr Mirzayanov became so concerned about novichok that he blew the whistle and fled to America, where he campaigned to get all chemical weapons banned.

He spoke to Sky News at his home in Princeton in New Jersey.

He said: “It’s the same as nerve gas but 10 times, at least 10 times, more powerful.”

The scientist emphasised that Novichok was designed to do “irreparable” damage to the human body.

He said it would leave those exposed to significant doses, like Mr Skripal and his daughter, as “invalids” who would need medical assistance for the rest of their lives.

He spoke of a colleague who died after accidental exposure to a small amount in his lab.

“That’s it,” he said. “No cure.”

But Dr Mirzayanov also talked about the risk of trace contamination to hundreds of members of the British public who may have been in the vicinity of the attack around the time it happened.

He said that even minuscule amounts of novichok could affect victims, and that symptoms could develop “in years”.

He described “headaches, difficulty thinking, and also co-ordination (issues), a lot of problems”.

When asked about the advice given by Public Health England, including washing clothes and wiping down belongings, he said: “Sure it’s useful, but not enough, absolutely not.”

He said that anyone who may have been exposed should be offered “permanent medical surveillance.”

Dr Jenny Harries, Deputy Medical Director at Public Health England, said: “PHE has been working very closely with the police and national experts on chemical weapons since the start of the incident and our risk assessment is based on knowledge of the chemical used.

“Our advice remains that the risk to the general public is low.”

Dr Mirzayanov said that novichok, which means “newcomer”, can be made from two separate compounds similar to chemicals used in agriculture, and which crucially are not on the chemical weapons convention banned list.

In that way, he said, novichok could be transported to the site of an attack in its constituent parts without detection, and once assembled the tiny micro particles could easily be deployed using an aerosol, spray, liquid or wipe.

He thinks it is likely that the attack was carried out using a spray, which maximises the chances of a victim getting the nerve agent on their skin and also inhaling it.

Dr Mirzayanov described the secret development of the powerful nerve agent as “a plot against the world” designed to maintain chemical weapons capability without having to declare it to the international community.

The Russian government has denied any involvement in the Salisbury poisonings, but Dr Mirzayanov says that only Russia could have carried out such an attack, characterising novichok as a “fingerprint”.