PACKAGING WITH ACTIVE PROTECTION LAYER - An implantable medical device including a plurality of components on a substrate, and a biocompatible multi-layer coating applied at least in part by vapour deposition to conform to and sealingly cover at least a portion of the components and/or the substrate. The coating is applied in at least two sets of layers, wherein each set has at least one layer formed by dissociation of a polymeric precursor and then deposition of that precursor, and another layer is a biocompatible liquid.

2011-02-17

20110038132

Microstructure Apparatus, Manufacturing Method Thereof, and Sealing Substrate - The invention relates to a microstructure apparatus in which a microstructure is hermetically sealed. The microstructure apparatus includes a first substrate having a first surface on which the microstructure and an electrode electrically connected to the microstructure are formed; a second substrate having a second surface; an electrically-insulating sealing material surrounding the microstructure between the first surface and the second surface to hermetically seal the microstructure; a first conductor disposed on the second surface; a second conductor disposed on the second surface and electrically connected to the first conductor; and a first conductive circuit formed in an interior of the second substrate and having a portion of which is led to the second surface, connected to the second conductor and overlapped the sealing material in a plan view thereof.

METAL FRAME FOR ELECTRONIC PART - Provided is a metal frame for an electronic part and capable of minimizing defects such as an electric short circuit caused by whiskers. The metal frame may include a lead unit electrically connected to an electronic device, and the lead unit may include a first metal layer that contains copper (Cu) as a main component and further contains boron (B) or beryllium (Be).

2011-02-17

20110038136

BACKSIDE SEAL FOR CONFORMAL SHIELDING PROCESS - In one embodiment, a meta-module having circuitry for two or more modules is formed on a substrate, which is preferably a laminated substrate. The circuitry for the different modules is initially formed on the single meta-module. Each module will have one or more component areas in which the circuitry is formed. A metallic structure is formed on or in the substrate for each component area to be shielded. A single body, such as an overmold body, is then formed over all of the modules on the meta-module. At least a portion of the metallic structure for each component area to be shielded is then exposed through the body by a cutting, drilling, or like operation. Next, an electromagnetic shield material is applied to the exterior surface of the body of each of the component areas to be shielded and in contact with the exposed portion of the metallic structures.

2011-02-17

20110038137

LIGHT GUIDING BODY AND DISPLAY DEVICE USING THE SAME - Light emitted from light sources is reflected toward a dial plate by reflecting surfaces of a plurality of grooves radially formed on a light guide body from the center position of the light guiding body which is arranged on the rear surface side of the dial plate and has a circular arc shape in plane view. Then, the reflected light is diffused by a light diffusion film, and the diffused light transmissively illuminates a scale marks section and a numerical characters section of the dial plate.

2011-02-17

20110038138

VISIBLE LIGHT GENERATED USING UV LIGHT SOURCE - A device and method for an ultraviolet light (UV) light based visible light generator is disclosed. The UV light source emits a beam of UV light that may be scattered or reflected onto surfaces including UV light reactive materials that produces visible light when exposed to UV light. The UV light may be coherent or non-coherent light. The UV light reactive material may include quantum dot material.

2011-02-17

20110038139

OPTICAL FILM WITH REDUCED DISTORTION, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND DISPLAY APPARATUS HAVING THE SAME - An optical film includes a first base film having a first effective elongation axis that is skewed relative to a first reference line. The optical film further has a second base film having a second effective elongation axis that is opposingly skewed relative to the first reference line. Deformations are offset from each other when the deformations occur in the first and second base films in the directions of the first and second elongation axes due to variation of external temperature and humidity, thereby preventing the first and second base films from being excessively deformed.

2011-02-17

20110038140

BACKLIGHT SUITABLE FOR DISPLAY DEVICES - A backlit display device is disclosed. The device includes a display panel and a back reflector stack that includes a plurality of diffusive areas that are disposed over a reflective layer to form a plurality of reflective areas interspersed with the diffusive areas. The device further includes an array of light sources that are disposed between the display panel and the back reflector stack. Projections of the light sources in the array of light sources onto the back reflector stack are aligned with the diffusive areas of the back reflector stack. Projections of openings between the light sources in the array of light sources are aligned with the reflective areas of the back reflector stack.

2011-02-17

20110038141

LATERAL EMISSION LED BACKLIGHT FOR LCD - A backlight for illuminating a liquid crystal display in which LEDs are arranged in an array in a backlight cavity. The LEDs are arranged such that the emission from the LEDs is in a lateral direction into the backlight cavity. The emission from the LEDs is shaped so as to match the cross-sectional shape of the backlight cavity thus achieving a high degree of spatial uniformity for a relatively small backlight cavity thickness.

2011-02-17

20110038142

Wearable Illumination Gear - The invention is illumination gear that has a strap pad slidably mounted on a strap. A battery-operated lamp is mounted on the strap pad. The strap pad with lamp may be adjusted anywhere along the strap, so as to adjust the position of the lamp to a desired height. The illumination gear may be constructed as a harness, as a vest, or as a set of suspenders. Anchor straps may be provided on the vest or the harness, to secure the straps to belt loops on a trouser waistband or to another garment, to prevent the illumination gear from riding up or shifting position.

2011-02-17

20110038143

Drive tool with pivotal lamp - A drive tool includes an outer sleeve; an inner sleeve of rectangular cross-section slidably disposed in the outer sleeve and comprising a battery window formed on a first surface, a switch window formed on the first surface, a first opening formed on a second surface, and a second opening formed on a third surface opposing the second surface; a joint releasably secured to the inner sleeve; and a lamp assembly fastened in the inner sleeve and comprising a battery compartment aligned with the battery window, a switch aligned with the switch window, and a pivotal lamp including a first cavity open to the first opening, a second cavity open to the second opening, and a bulb disposed between the first and second cavities. The lamp can be manually pivoted to either project out of the first opening or project out of the second opening.

2011-02-17

20110038144

LED LAMP - An exemplary LED lamp includes a heat dissipation module, a light source mounted on the heat dissipation module, a cover engaging the heat dissipation module and covering the light source, a reflective layer mounted on the cover, and two connectors secured at two corresponding ends of the cover and the heat dissipation module. The cover has an inner surface and a convex outer surface. The inner surface includes a first concave surface and two second concave surfaces at lateral sides of the first concave surface. The second concave surfaces face the LEDs and configured as light incident surfaces; light emitted by the LEDs incidents onto the second concave surfaces and travels through the cover to an outside for lightening. A part of the light is reflected by the reflective layer before travelling to the outside.

2011-02-17

20110038145

LED Fixture with Passive Cooling - Disclosed is an LED fixture with passive cooling. The fixture includes a plurality of elongated tubes, each containing an array of LEDs mounted on a respective first surface or surfaces of one or more circuit boards. A frame mounts to a building structure and holds the ends of the tubes. Each tube is sufficiently spaced from any adjacent tube and from any other structure of the frame, and the frame is sufficiently open at the top and bottom, whereby heat from the tubes is capable of being dissipated merely by passive thermal transfer into an air flow created by the heat of the tubes, which air flow moves from beneath the tubes to above the tubes.

2011-02-17

20110038146

TUBULAR LED LIGHTING DEVICE - A tube elementary LED includes an elementary glass tube through which light can be transmitted and includes two sealed ends respectively provided with a power plug and a power socket and a LED light emitting base plate disposed in the tube that is powered by the power plug and the power socket. A plurality of LED chips for emitting light are mounted on one surface of the LED light emitting base plate and supports fix the LED light emitting base plates in the chamber of the elementary glass tube. The tube elementary LED may include a reflector attached on an internal surface or an external surface of the elementary glass tube to reflect the light emitted from the LED light emitting base plate to outside of the elementary glass tube.

2011-02-17

20110038147

ASSEMBLY STRUCTURE FOR LED LAMP - An assembly structure for a LED lamp includes a cover plate, a LED module, fasteners and a mask. An inner surface of the cover plate is provided with a fixing portion. Both sides of the cover plate are formed with a slot respectively. The LED module has a substrate and a plurality of LED mounted on the substrate. The substrate is provided with an insertion hole. One end of the fastener is detachably connected into the insertion hole of the substrate and the other end thereof is fixed to the fixing portion. The mask is made of transparent materials and has an accommodating space for allowing the LED module to be disposed therein. Both sides of the mask defining the accommodating space are formed with a locking flange for inserting into the slot of the cover plate. With the above arrangement, the operator can assemble or detach the LED lamp quickly.

2011-02-17

20110038148

LED LIGHT FIXTURE - A light fixture for holding LED tubes. A pair of end caps are held together by an elongated member. Female connectors mounted to the end caps receive the male connectors of the LED light tubes. The female connectors are mounted to the end caps allowing for the pre-selection of the angle of illumination.

2011-02-17

20110038149

LIGHTING METHOD AND SYSTEM - A lighting system including a light-emitting diode cradle securing at least one light-emitting diode and a modular unit comprising an arcuate portion, the arcuate portion comprising at least one diffusive reflective surface adapted to receive and reflect light from the at least one light-emitting diode. The lighting system further includes a diffusive transmissive element adapted to receive light reflected by the diffusive reflective surface and provide diffused light to an area requiring illumination.

2011-02-17

20110038150

ILLUMINATION APPARATUS - An illumination apparatus and method of manufacture of the same in which an array of light-emitting elements is aligned to an array of optical elements to achieve a thin and efficient light source that can also be arranged to provide directional and/or programmable illumination.

2011-02-17

20110038151

LED OPTICAL SYSTEM - An optical system for lighting fixtures uses light emitting diodes arranged in a 2-D array. In one embodiment, a lighting system comprises a framework carrying a plurality of diodes, where each diode has an associated optic that projects the light with a “high,” “medium” or “low” vertical throw, as provided by prismatic “teeth” that refract and reflect light rays in a predetermined manner so that the combined illumination patterns of each diode can blend to generally uniformly illuminate a target surface without dark spots or regions. Each optic has a common primary portion and a selected secondary portion whose tooth/teeth have a “swept” geometry for better angular (vertical and/or horizontal) control of light rays. Structural variations between different secondary portions reside in various factors, including plurality of teeth, length of the tooth along the longitudinal axis A, curvature(s) in the vertical and/or horizontal directions, and angularity or tightness of curvature of the swept geometry.

Led lamp and cooling method thereof - A cooling method for an LED lamp is disclosed. An LED lamp is provided. The LED lamp includes a housing and at least one LED light source module. The housing has a cover body, a base and a plurality of air outlets. The base forms at least one segment difference portion. The slanted surface of the segment difference portion has a plurality of air inlets. The LED light source module is adjacent to the air inlets. The LED light source module has a cooling device and the cover body has a plurality of air outlets. Airflow is guided into the cooling space along the air inlet on the slanted surface of the segment difference portion. When the LED lamp generates heat, air entered into the cooling space is blown to the cooling device. The airflow with heat is exhausted from the air outlet of the cover body.

2011-02-17

20110038154

SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR LIGHTING AND HEAT DISSIPATION - A system for lighting and heat dissipation of the present invention, comprises: an uni-body fixture adapted to increase a heat dissipation surface area; atleast a metal PCB housing configured to house a pluralities of LEDs with zero air-gaps; and atleast a heat pad capable of mounting the metal PCB housing at a first face, wherein a plurality of tapered and directional heat sink fins adapted longitudinally across a length of an upper face of the uni-body fixture for fastest heat dissipation from atleast a LED junctions to the atmosphere. A power supply unit having an independent heat sink surface area is adapted for heat dissipation to prevent heat contribution from the power supply unit to the light unit.

2011-02-17

20110038155

WATERPROOF LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODE LAMP HOLDING STRUCTURE - A waterproof LED lamp holding structure includes an object having a plurality of through holes, and a plurality of LED lamps serially connected via an electric wire. Each of the LED lamps has a rear part enclosed in a protective member that has a first and a second end. Wedge-like keys are provided on the protective member near the first end and each have a rearward outward slant outer surface. Further, anchoring lugs are provided on the protective member to outward obliquely extend from the second end toward the first end. When the LED lamps along with the protective members are inserted in the through holes on the object, the wedge-like keys and distal ends of the anchoring lugs respectively abut against an outer and an inner side of the object to thereby hold the LED lamps immovable and straight in the through holes.

2011-02-17

20110038156

LIGHT-EMITTING SYSTEMS - A light-emitting system includes a first and second power input terminals; a first, second, third, and fourth light-emitting-diode groups each having at least one light-emitting diode; a first circuit path having at least one diode from each of the first and second light-emitting-diode groups, with the diodes coupled serially and emitting light during a positive power cycle; and a second circuit path having at least one diode from each of the third and fourth light-emitting-diode groups, with the diodes coupled serially and emitting light during a negative power cycle. The second light-emitting-diode group and the third light-emitting-diode group share at least one common diode, The first and second power input terminals, the first, second, third, and fourth light-emitting-diode groups, and the first and second circuit paths may belong to a single chip light-emitting system.

2011-02-17

20110038157

LIGHT-EMITTING SYSTEMS - A light-emitting system includes a first and second power input terminals for receiving an external power input to the light-emitting system; a first light-emitting-diode string comprising at least three light-emitting diodes placed sequentially in a first direction to allow a current flow through the at least three light-emitting diodes of the first light-emitting-diode string generally in the first direction; and a second light-emitting-diode string comprising at least three light-emitting diodes placed sequentially in a second direction to allow a current flow through the at least three light-emitting diodes of the second light-emitting-diode string generally in the second direction, The first and second light-emitting-diode strings may be serially coupled, and the first direction may be substantially vertical to the second direction.

2011-02-17

20110038158

MECHANICAL BYPASS LIGHT UNIT - A light unit includes a bulb having a light source with lead wires and a separator, a switch member that includes a support member and a pair of spring terminals, and a socket having two or more conductive terminals and adapted to receive the bulb and the switch member. The switch member is adapted to cause the pair of spring terminals to contact one another to form an electrical short circuit across the pair of conductive terminals and the light source when the bulb is completely or partially removed from the socket. The lead wires form an electrical connection across the conductive terminals and the separator breaks contact between the pair of spring terminals when the bulb is seated in the socket.

2011-02-17

20110038159

Metal Lights - A string of detachably connected lights may include a first light being magnetically detachably connected to a magnetic surface and a second light being magnetically detachably connected to the magnetic surface and being electrically connected to the first light. The first light may include a first filament, and the second light may include a second filament. The first light may include a first light base member, and the second light may include a second light base member. The first light may include a first magnetic housing member, and the second light may include a second housing member. The first housing member may include a first magnetic enclosure portion, and the second magnetic housing member may include a second magnetic enclosure portion. The first magnetic housing member may include a first magnet.

2011-02-17

20110038160

Lighting apparatus having a plurality of retractable means and method of manufacturing the same - A lighting apparatus including at least two lighting members and a retractable housing member having at least two distinct retractable wires slidingly guided therethrough. The retractable housing member is positioned directly between the at least two lighting members to provide operable communication therebetween. The at least two lighting members are energized via the electrical power source while in a depressed position or in an expanded position.

2011-02-17

20110038161

Lighting Device - A lighting device includes a light source, first and second beam-directing prism elements, and a transmission device. The light source emits a light beam. The first beam-directing prism element is arranged in a first direction. The second beam-directing prism element is arranged in a second direction and partially overlapped with the first beam-directing prism element. When the light beam passes through different regions of the first and second beam-directing prism elements, different bending angles are resulted. The transmission device is connected to the first and second beam-directing prism elements for driving movement of the first beam-directing prism element in the first direction and movement of the second beam-directing prism element in the second direction. Accordingly, the light beam emitted by the light source simultaneously passes through one of the regions of the first beam-directing prism element and one of the regions of the second beam-directing prism element.

2011-02-17

20110038162

Foil mirror with back light - The present invention relates generally to a foil mirror. More particularly, the invention encompasses a foil mirror with at least one back light. The present invention is also directed to a novel foil mirror having a mirror surface that has different reflective colors. The foil mirror is made of a flexible plastic material and is shatter-proof. The back light to the foil mirror is provided by a light source, such as, for example, an LED bulb, an incandescent light bulb, a fluorescent light bulb, to name a few.

2011-02-17

20110038163

Optics Structures with Offset Components - A display module having an optical component stack array, where each optical component stack within the optical component stack array comprises a delivery device and a light delivery system, where the delivery device is offset by a first amount from an optical axis associated with the optical component stack, and where the light delivery system is offset by a second amount from the optical axis.

2011-02-17

20110038164

LIGHTING DEVICE - A lighting device comprising: a shell; a first circuit; a light source set in the shell; an axis mounted in the shell; and an effective amount of conducting liquid. A rotation device and a switch device are rotatably connected to the shell via the axis. The switch device comprises a first storing cavity and a second storing cavity, which is configured for accommodating the conducting liquid. The first storing cavity communicates with the second storing cavity. A plurality of pairs of third grooves is formed in the first storing cavity. Each of which is set a pair of positive/negative terminals. Each of the pairs of positive/negative terminals is electronically connected to light source and the first circuit. A slide bar is formed on the rotation device, and is configured for pushing the conducting liquid inside of the first storing cavity.

2011-02-17

20110038165

ILLUMINATION SYSTEM - An illumination system includes a casing having an air inlet and an air outlet, a light source disposed in the casing and capable of generating an illumination beam emitting out of the casing, a fan disposed in the casing and capable of guiding cooling air to the air inlet and the air outlet in sequence, a heat dissipation guiding board disposed in the casing and located at the air inlet for guiding the cooling air from the air inlet to the casing in a direction away from the air outlet, and a power supply disposed on the heat dissipation guiding board. The cooling air flow flowing into the casing and guided by the heat dissipation guiding board flows to the air outlet in a direction away from the air outlet. Thereby, the cooling air flow is allowed to flow in the casing during an increased time within an extended range.

2011-02-17

20110038166

HIGH EFFICIENCY HEAT DISSIPATING DEVICE FOR LAMPS - A high efficiency heat dissipating device for lamps is disclosed. The lamp comprises a light-emitting element, a heat conduction body and a lamp housing characterized in that the heat conduction body is mounted at the lamp housing and the light-emitting element is mounted at the heat conduction body, heat from the light-emitting element is transferred by contacting with the heat conduction body such that the housing provides a large area for the function of heat dissipation, and the interior and exterior of the housing are increased with a plurality of lamp hoods depending on the power of the light-emitting element, and the multi-layer lamp hoods are combined with lamps of different specification, the housing is adapted for solid illumination such that heat energy is dissipated via the surface area of the multi-layer lamp hoods and by means of convection current, a great amount of energy is dissipated and therefore the heat dissipation rate is increased.

2011-02-17

20110038167

Optics Support Structures with Tapered Walls - A display module having one or more outer walls configured to house an array of optical component stacks, where the one or more outer walls are configured to support a transparent support structure spanning the array of optical component stacks, and where an upper portion of the one or more outer walls in contact with the transparent support structure is tapered.

PERSISTENCE OF VISION (POV) LIGHT MOUNTING SYSTEM - A light device for a bicycle wheel that includes a body having a rim end and a hub end, a row of at least seven independently controllable lights extending between the rim end and the hub end, electronic controls for the lights, and three mounts for securing the body to spokes of the wheel. A first mount is located near the hub end to secure the body to a first spoke. A second mount is located near the rim end to secure the body to the first spoke. A third mount is located on a side of the lights opposed to the first and second mounts and between the first and second mounts to secure the body to the second spoke. Each of the mounts includes a mounting pad located between the body and the spokes and made of a resiliently deformable material to dampen vibration and offset the body and lights from the plane of the spokes. Each of the mounts also includes an attachment clamping the mounting pad between the body and the spokes.

2011-02-17

20110038170

LAMP ASSEMBLIES AND VEHICLES INCLUDING SAME - A lamp assembly includes a reflective structure, a mounting structure, and a collar. The reflective structure at least partially surrounds and reflects light from a light source. The mounting structure is formed as a unitary structure with the reflective structure. The mounting structure is elongated and extends longitudinally from a proximal end to a distal end. The proximal end is adjacent to the reflective structure. The distal end is spaced from the reflective structure. The collar is engaged with the mounting structure such that an interface surface of the collar contacts an interface surface of the mounting structure. A fastener engagement portion of the collar is configured to selectively engage a fastener to facilitate mounting of the lamp assembly. The reflective structure and the mounting structure are both formed from a metal material, and the collar is formed from a different material. Vehicles are also provided.

2011-02-17

20110038171

VEHICLE LIGHT - A vehicle light can be configured to form a low-beam light distribution pattern on a virtual plane having a horizontal line and a vertical line as reference lines, the low-beam light distribution pattern including at least a first partial light distribution pattern having a horizontal cut-off line and a second partial light distribution pattern having a cut-off line inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the horizontal line. The vehicle light can include an LED light source having an optical axis and disposed so that the optical axis thereof is directed in a horizontal direction, and a reflector formed of a revolved paraboloid and having a first reflecting surface disposed on the optical axis of the LED light source so as to face to the LED light source and a second reflecting surface disposed outside of the first reflecting surface and at a farther position away from the light source than the first reflecting surface. The first reflecting surface can be a revolved paraboloid as a whole, having a focus disposed near the LED light source so as to diffuse and reflect, in the horizontal direction, light emitted from the LED light source and reaching the first reflecting surface, thereby forming the first partial distribution pattern. The second reflecting surface can be a revolved paraboloid as a whole, having a focus disposed near the LED light source so as to reflect light emitted from the LED light source and reaching the second reflecting surface and to converge the light to an intersection of the horizontal line and the vertical line, thereby forming the second partial distribution pattern.

2011-02-17

20110038172

LIGHTING APPARATUS - A lighting apparatus may include an electrically conductive housing, in whose interior at least one light source and at least one electromagnetic radiation-emitting circuit component configured to operate the at least one light source are arranged; and an electrically conductive cover configured to cover the at least one circuit component; wherein the cover and the housing are electrically connected to one another.

2011-02-17

20110038173

AMBIENT LIGHTING SYSTEM - An optical prism comprising a first end adapted for input of light, a second end adapted for output of light and a plurality of sides forming a solid geometric structure. The sides are arranged at controlled angles to one another and have refracting surfaces to mix light. A plurality of outputs at the second end of the optical prism split light such that the light can be transmitted via a plurality of separate optic cables.

2011-02-17

20110038174

OPHTHALMIC ENDOILLUMINATION WITH LIGHT COLLECTOR FOR WHITE PHOSPHOR - In one embodiment, an illuminator configured to emit light into an optical fiber includes at least one pump light source configured to emit short-wavelength light. The illuminator further includes a white phosphor disposed to receive the short-wavelength light and to emit white light in response. The illuminator also includes a light collector configured to collect the short-wavelength light at the white phosphor such that a brightness of the white light is greater than a brightness of the short-wavelength light.

2011-02-17

20110038175

ILLUMINATOR - An illuminator including a bottom member having a guide face of a polygonal configuration arranged therein, a light source mounted on the guide face, a light guide member positioned inside the guide face of the polygonal configuration and optically aligned with the light source, and a top member coupled to the bottom member to protect the light source is provided.

2011-02-17

20110038176

Back Plate of Backlight Module and Manufacturing Method Thereof - A back plate includes an inner part, a bottom part, an outer part, a folded part and a fastener. The bottom part is connected to the inner part for providing a container space. The outer part is opposite the inner part. The folded part is connected with the outer part and the inner part. The fastener is disposed on the outer part. A method for manufacturing the back plate is also disclosed herein.

2011-02-17

20110038177

PLANAR ILLUMINATION DEVICE - The planar illumination device includes: a light guide plate formed by arranging a plurality of unit light guide plates each having a light emission surface as a front surface and a reflection surface as a back surface so that facing end surfaces of adjacent unit light guide plates of the plurality of unit light guide plates are closely arranged; one or two or more light sources arranged on a first side surface, in a direction where the plurality of unit light guide plates are arranged, of each of the plurality of unit light guide plates; and a recessed-and-projected structure arranged on a second side surface, facing the light sources, of each of the plurality of unit light guide plates and having an edge parallel to a normal to the light emission surface.

2011-02-17

20110038178

PLANAR ILLUMINATION DEVICE - A planar illumination device includes: a light guide plate formed by arranging a plurality of unit light guide plates each having a light emission surface as a front surface and a reflection surface as a back surface so that facing end surfaces of adjacent unit light guide plates of the plurality of unit light guide plates are closely arranged; and one or two or more light sources arranged on a side surface, in a direction where the plurality of unit light guide plates are arranged, of each of the plurality of unit light guide plates, in which a projection section is arranged on one of facing surfaces of two adjacent unit light guide plates in the arrangement direction and a recession section in which the projection section is engaged is arranged on the other of the facing surfaces of the two adjacent unit light guide plates.

2011-02-17

20110038179

Power Converter Including a Charge Pump Employable in a Power Adapter - A power converter including a charge pump employable in a power adapter. In one embodiment, the charge pump includes a voltage divider with a first diode having a terminal coupled to a terminal of a first capacitor and a second diode having a terminal coupled to a terminal of a second capacitor and another terminal coupled to another terminal of the first capacitor. The charge pump also includes a third diode coupled across the second diode and the second capacitor, and a charge pump power switch coupled across the first capacitor and the second diode.

2011-02-17

20110038180

RESONANT POWER CONVERTER WITH HALF BRIDGE AND FULL BRIDGE OPERATIONS AND METHOD FOR CONTROL THEREOF - A resonant power converter with half bridge and full bridge operations and a method for control thereof are provided. The resonant power converter includes a full bridge circuit, a control circuit and a PFC circuit. The full bridge circuit switches a power transformer in response to switching signals. The control circuit coupled to receive a feedback signal and an input signal generates switching signals. The feedback signal is correlated to the output of the power converter and the input signal is correlated to the input voltage of the full bridge circuit, where the full bridge circuit is operated as a full bridge switching when the input signal is lower than a threshold, and the full bridge circuit is operated as a half bridge switching when the input signal is higher than the threshold. The PFC circuit generates the input voltage of the full bridge circuit.

2011-02-17

20110038181

RESONANT CONVERTER HAVING OVER-CURRENT PROTECTION APPARATUS AND CONTROLLING METHOD THEREOF - The configurations of a DC/DC resonant converter and a controlling method thereof are provided. The proposed converter includes an over-current protection apparatus including a first switch element having a first and a second terminals, and a first voltage element having a negative terminal coupled to a positive terminal of a DC input voltage source and a positive terminal coupled to the second terminal of the first switch element.

2011-02-17

20110038182

POWER CONVERTER HAVING SYNCHRONOUS RECTIFIER AND CONTROL METHOD OF SYNCHRONOUS RECTIFIER - Disclosed is a power converter including a switching circuit; a transformer having a primary winding connected to the switching circuit and a secondary winding; a main control circuit connected to the switching circuit for outputting a main control signal to manipulate the switching circuit; at least one synchronous rectifier connected to the secondary winding; at least one current transformer connected to the synchronous rectifier for outputting a detecting signal according to a current flowing through the synchronous rectifier; and at least one synchronous rectification control circuit connected to a control terminal of the synchronous rectifier, the current transformer, and a control terminal of the switching circuit for receiving the detecting signal and the main control signal for manipulating the synchronous rectifier. In case that the main control circuit manipulates the switching circuit to turn on, the synchronous rectification control circuit manipulates the synchronous rectifier to turn on, and thereby allowing the synchronous rectification control circuit to manipulate the synchronous rectifier to turn off according to the detecting signal.

2011-02-17

20110038183

SWITCHING REGULATOR HAVING TERMINAL FOR FEEDBACK SIGNAL INPUTTING AND PEAK SWITCHING CURRENT PROGRAMMING - A switching regulator of a power converter is provided and includes a feedback-input circuit, a programming circuit, and a peak-current-threshold circuit. The feedback-input circuit is coupled to a terminal of the switching regulator for receiving a feedback signal. The feedback-input circuit is operated in a first range of a terminal signal. The programming circuit is coupled to the terminal for generating a programming signal. The programming signal is operated in a second range of the feedback signal. The peak-current-threshold circuit generates a threshold signal in accordance with the programming signal. The feedback signal is coupled to regulate the output of the power converter, and the threshold signal is coupled to limit a peak switching current of the power converter.

2011-02-17

20110038184

Isolated AC-DC Converter with Master Controller on Secondary Side and Slave Controller on Primary Side - An isolated alternating current (AC)-direct current (DC) converter is disclosed. The isolated AC-DC converter comprises a slave control circuit including a slave driver module configured to receive a command and to control coupling of the slave control circuit to a primary-side inductor of a transformer based on the command, a master control circuit coupled to a secondary-side inductor of the transformer, the master control circuit including a master control module configured to sense a feedback voltage across a load and to generate the command based on the feedback voltage and a reference voltage, and a coupler configured to communicate the command from the master control module to the slave driver module and to provide isolation between the master control module and the slave driver module.

2011-02-17

20110038185

Low stress soft charge circuit for diode front end variable frequency drive - A variable frequency drive comprises a diode rectifier receiving multiphase AC power from a source and converting the AC power to DC power. An inverter receives DC power and converts the DC power to AC power to drive a load. A link circuit is connected between the diode rectifier and the inverter and comprises a DC bus to provide a relatively fixed DC voltage for the inverter. A bus capacitor is across the bus. A soft charge circuit limits inrush current to the bus capacitor. The soft charge circuit comprises an inductor connected between the source and the link circuit and a switch circuit in the link circuit for selectively providing a semiconverter configuration or a full bridge converter configuration to provide two stage charging of the bus capacitor.

2011-02-17

20110038186

DIGITAL CONTROL FOR CONTROLLING AND LINEARIZING AN AC IMPEDANCE - An apparatus for regulating AC power of a power source in a power circuit is provided. The apparatus includes a full-wave bridge rectifier, a power transistor array, and a controller. The full-wave bridge rectifier is configured to receive an AC input put from the power source. The power transistor array is connected to the full-wave bridge rectifier. The power transistor array is configured to receive the AC input from the full-wave bridge rectifier and to generate an AC signal. The power transistor array may include only a single transistor or a plurality of transistors connected in series, for example. The controller is connected to the power transistor array. The controller is configured to receive the AC signal from the power transistor array, or the output of the AC regulator in some embodiments, and to determine a correction output to send to the power transistor array to control an AC impedance of the power circuit to generate an AC output.

Continuous Conduction Mode Power Factor Correction Circuit With Reduced Sensing Requirements - A power supply circuit includes continuous conduction mode power factor correction (PFC). The PFC may be performed by generating a carrier signal voltage at a beginning of a switching cycle of the power supply, generating a sampling voltage indicative of drain current of a drive transistor, and detecting when the carrier signal voltage has decreased to the same level as the sampling voltage at an intersection time. The ON time of the drive transistor may be set to twice the intersection time.

2011-02-17

20110038189

CLOSED-LOOP EFFICIENCY MODULATION FOR USE IN AC POWERED APPLICATIONS - A system and method for closed-loop efficiency modulation for an AC/DC power system is provided. A boost-buck converter and a DC/DC converter connected in series receive a rectified DC feed signal from a AC input signal and deliver a modified DC output to an active load. A controller receives power data at various stages of the system and uses that data to modify a series of trim voltages provided to the feedback inputs of the respective converters to modify each converters output voltage. The controller modifies each converter's output voltage to maximize power efficiency while monitoring other data in the system to ensure the system is operating correctly and safely.

2011-02-17

20110038190

CONTROLLED CONTACTLESS POWER TRANSMISSION - An inductive coupled power transmission circuit has a rotating transformer, including an AC voltage supply for feeding an AC voltage via a series capacitor into the primary winding of said rotating transformer and a load being coupled to the secondary winding of said rotating transformer. The AC voltage supply includes a line rectifier for receiving AC voltage from a power line and generating a DC voltage. This is fed into a DC/DC converter for converting the DC voltage from the line rectifier into a controlled intermediate DC voltage. An AC generator generates an AC voltage from the intermediate DC voltage and feeds this via a matching transformer into the primary winding of the rotating transformer. A measuring circuit measures voltages and/or currents within the AC voltage supply and a function generator estimates voltage and/or current values at the load based on the measured values and controls the DC/DC converter and/or the AC generator based on the estimated values.

2011-02-17

20110038191

RECTIFIER CIRCUIT AND RADIO COMMUNICATION DEVICE USING THE SAME - A rectifier circuit includes an input terminal that receives an alternating-current signal, a first rectifier circuit that generates a first direct-current voltage from the alternating-current signal, a bias-voltage generating circuit that generates a bias voltage from the first direct-current voltage, and a second rectifier circuit that generates a second direct-current voltage from the alternating-current signal biased with the bias voltage.

2011-02-17

20110038192

CONVERTER CONTROL METHOD - A PI control section performs a PI control on a deviation which is a difference between a DC voltage command and a DC voltage, and outputs a d-axis current command value. A PI control section performs a PI control on a deviation which is a difference between the d-axis current command value and a d-axis current, and outputs a d-axis voltage command value. Based on the d-axis voltage command value and a q-axis voltage command value, a PWM control section outputs a switching control signal for controlling a switching operation of a converter. A voltage command computation section generates the DC voltage command based on the d-axis voltage command value.

2011-02-17

20110038193

VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTER - A Voltage Source Converter having at least one phase leg connected to opposite poles of a direct voltage side of the converter and comprising a series connection of switching elements including at least one energy storing capacitor and configured to obtain two switching states, namely a first switching state and a second switching state, in which the voltage across said at least one energy storing capacitor and a zero voltage, respectively, is applied across the terminals of the switching element, has semiconductor chips of said switching elements arranged in stacks comprising each at least two semiconductor chips. The converter comprises an arrangement configured to apply a pressure to opposite ends of each stack.

2011-02-17

20110038194

SEMICONDUCTOR STORAGE DEVICE - According to one embodiment, a semiconductor storage device includes a plurality of parallel first interconnects extending in a first direction, a plurality of parallel second interconnects which extend in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and which make a two-level crossing with respect to the first interconnects, and memory cell structures provided in regions where the first interconnects and the second interconnects make two-level crossings, the memory cell structures being connected on one end to the first interconnects and connected on the other end to the second interconnects, the memory cell structure including a variable resistive element and a non-ohmic element which are connected in series, wherein the endmost first interconnect is disconnected in at least one portion.

2011-02-17

20110038195

METHOD FOR RESETTING A RESISTIVE CHANGE MEMORY ELEMENT - A method of resetting a resistive change memory element is disclosed. The method comprises performing a series of programming operations—for example, a programming pulse of a predetermined voltage level and pulse width—on a resistive change memory element in order to incrementally increase the resistance of the memory element above some predefined threshold. Prior to each programming operation, the resistive state of the memory element is measured and used to determine the parameters used in that programming operation. If this measured resistance value is above a first threshold value, the memory element is determined to already be in a reset state and no further programming operation is performed. If this measured resistance value is below a second threshold value, this second threshold value being less than the first threshold value, a first set of programming parameters are used within the programming operation. If this initial value is above the second threshold value but below the first threshold value, a second set of programming parameters are used within the programming operation.

2011-02-17

20110038196

Electronic Devices Containing Switchably Conductive Silicon Oxides as a Switching Element and Methods for Production and Use Thereof - In various embodiments, electronic devices containing switchably conductive silicon oxide as a switching element are described herein. The electronic devices are two-terminal devices containing a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact in which at least one of the first electrical contact or the second electrical contact is deposed on a substrate to define a gap region therebetween. A switching layer containing a switchably conductive silicon oxide resides in the gap region between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact. The electronic devices exhibit hysteretic current versus voltage properties, enabling their use in switching and memory applications. Methods for configuring, operating and constructing the electronic devices are also presented herein.

2011-02-17

20110038197

VARIABLE RESISTANCE MEMORY AND MEMORY SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME - A variable resistance memory array includes at least one variable resistance memory cell, wherein each variable resistance memory cell includes a well having a first type; and a cell structure on the well, the cell structure including a structure having a second type different from the first type and a variable resistance layer on the structure.

2011-02-17

20110038198

ELECTRONIC DEVICES BASED ON CURRENT INDUCED MAGNETIZATION DYNAMICS IN SINGLE MAGNETIC LAYERS - The present invention generally relates to magnetic devices used in memory and information processing applications, such as giant magneto-resistance (GMR) devices and tunneling magneto-resistance devices. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a single ferromagnetic layer device in which an electrical current is used to control and change magnetic configurations as well as induce high frequency magnetization dynamics. The magnetic layer includes full spin-polarized magnetic material, which may also have non-uniform magnetization. The non-uniform magnetization is achieved by varying the shape or roughness of the magnetic material. The present invention may be used in memory cells, as well as high frequency electronics, such as compact microwave sources, detectors, mixers and phase shifters.

2011-02-17

20110038199

MEASUREMENT METHOD FOR READING MULTI-LEVEL MEMORY CELL UTILIZING MEASUREMENT TIME DELAY AS THE CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETER FOR LEVEL DEFINITION - A memory system includes a memory cell configured to represent at least two binary values, a bit line coupled to the memory cell, and first and second comparators coupled to the bit line that, respectively, compare a first and second reference value to a value of a parameter of the bit-line. The system also includes a first and second timers configured to measures a time for the parameter of the bit line to decay. The system also includes a logic unit coupled to the first and second timers that selects the time for the parameter of the bit line to decay from to a first value or a second value.

2011-02-17

20110038200

Gate drive voltage boost schemes for memory array II - Magnetic memory elements such as Phase Change RAM and Spin Moment Transfer MRAM require high programming currents. These high programming currents require high gate to source/drain voltages for the cell transistors controlling these programming currents, which can degrade the reliability of these cell transistors. This invention describes a circuit and method to write information into individual memory cells while minimizing the gate voltage stress in the cell transistors of the memory cells in which no information is being written. The circuit of this invention has a separately controllable word line voltage supply for each row of the memory array and a separately controllable voltage supply for each bit line of the memory array. During the write operation the voltage is raised for the word line of only one row of the array. The bit line voltages are then adjusted so that a 1 is written into the desired cells in that row and a 0 is written into the desired cells in that row.

2011-02-17

20110038201

SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT - There is provided a semiconductor integrated circuit including a state detection enhancement circuit which includes an input terminal and an output terminal and has a function of generating an electric potential of a magnitude capable of performing nonvolatile memory writing into a nonvolatile memory circuit based on an electric potential input to the input terminal and outputting the electric potential of the magnitude to the output terminal, and the nonvolatile memory circuit has a nonvolatile memory function and an input terminal of the nonvolatile memory circuit is connected to the output of the state detection enhancement circuit. The state detection enhancement circuit is a positive or negative logical state detection enhancement circuit which includes a control signal terminal and a switch circuit which is turned on or off by a control signal applied to the control signal terminal, and has a function of either applying an output potential of the same logical state as or an inverse logical state of an input potential applied to the input terminal to the output terminal or completely breaking off a correlation between the input potential and the output potential when the switch circuit is in an OFF state, and has a function of applying an output potential which has the same logical state as or an inverse logical state of the input potential and has a larger highest-lowest potential range including a possible highest-lowest potential range of the input potential to the output terminal when the switch is in an ON state.

2011-02-17

20110038202

CONTROL DRIVER FOR MEMORY AND RELATED METHOD - A control driver for non-volatile memory includes a driving circuit, a level shift up circuit, and a select circuit. The select circuit receives a plurality of decoding signals, asserts a select signal when all of the decoding signals are asserted, and does not assert the select signal when any of the decoding signals is not asserted. The level shift up circuit receives the select signal, outputs the pull-up signal at a first voltage when the select signal is asserted, and outputs the pull-up signal at a second voltage when the select signal is not asserted. The driving circuit has a pull-up transistor for pulling up a control line signal according to the pull-up signal, and a pull-down transistor for pulling down the control line signal according to the pull-up signal.

Method Of Reducing Bit Error Rate For A Flash Memory - A method of reducing coupling effect in a flash memory is disclosed. A neighboring page is read, and a flag is set active if the neighboring page is an interfering page. Data are read from the neighboring page at least two more times using at least two distinct read voltages respectively. The threshold-voltage distributions associated with an original page and the neighboring page are transferred according to the read data and the flag.

2011-02-17

20110038206

SEMICONDUCTOR STORAGE DEVICE TO CORRECT THRESHOLD DISTRIBUTION OF MEMORY CELLS BY REWRITING AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE SAME - According to one embodiment, a semiconductor storage device includes a first cell, a second cell, a bit line, a first buffer, a second buffer, and a controller. The bit line transfers the data to the first cell and the second cell. The first buffer holds write data to the first cell and the second cell. The second buffer holds read data from the first cell. The controller controls first writing and rewriting executed for the first cell and second writing executed for the second cell. The write data in the first buffer is updated each time a second write signal is given. The controller executes the first writing based on the write data held by the first buffer. The controller performs the second writing based on the write data updated in the first buffer. The controller executes the rewriting based on the read data held by the second buffer.

METHOD OF READING DUAL-BIT MEMORY CELL - A method of reading a dual-bit memory cell includes a controlling terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal. The dual-bit memory cell has a first bit storage node and a second bit storage node near the first terminal and the second terminal respectively. First, a controlling voltage and a read voltage are applied to the controlling terminal and the first terminal respectively. The second terminal is grounded to measure a first output current value of the first terminal. Then, the controlling voltage and the read voltage are applied to the controlling terminal and the second terminal respectively. The first terminal is grounded to measure a second output current value of the second terminal. Afterward, the bit state of the first bit storage node and the bit state of the second bit storage node is read simultaneously according to the first output current value and the second output current value.

2011-02-17

20110038209

Method and System for Adaptively Finding Reference Voltages for Reading Data from a MLC Flash Memory - A method and system for adaptively finding reference voltages for reading data from a multi-level cell (MLC) flash memory is disclosed. According to one embodiment, a first total number of cells of the flash memory above a first threshold voltage in a shifted threshold voltage distribution is provided. Search to find a second threshold voltage such that a second total number of the cells above the second threshold voltage is approximate to the first total number. An initial reference voltage or voltages of the initial threshold voltage distribution are shifted with an amount approximate to a voltage difference between the second threshold voltage and the first threshold voltage, thereby resulting in a new reference voltage or voltages for reading the data from the MLC flash memory.

2011-02-17

20110038210

Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) Cell and Methods for Forming and Reading the Same - In a method of reading data in an EEPROM cell, a bit line voltage for reading is applied to the EEPROM cell including a memory transistor and a selection transistor. A first voltage is applied to a sense line of the memory transistor. A second voltage greater than the first voltage is applied to a word line of the selection transistor. A current passing through the EEPROM cell is compared with a predetermined reference current to read the data stored in the EEPROM cell. An on-cell current of the EEPROM cell may be increased in an erased state and the data in the cell may be readily discriminated.

2011-02-17

20110038211

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND METHODS OF FABRICATING THE SAME - A semiconductor memory device and method of manufacturing the same, the device including string structures, the string structures including two or more adjacent string selection transistors connected in series to each other in a first direction and being spaced apart from one another in a second direction intersecting the first direction, the two or more string selection transistors having different threshold voltages; string selection lines, the string selection lines connecting the adjacent string selection transistors of the string structures in the second direction; and a bit line electrically connecting two or more adjacent string structures, wherein a device isolation layer between the adjacent string selection transistors in the second direction has recessed regions, and profiles of the recessed regions on respective sides of the string selection transistors are different from each other.

2011-02-17

20110038212

CONTROLLER AND NON-VOLATILE SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY DEVICE - A controller includes a generation unit configured to aggregate comparison results between second threshold voltage levels held in the memory cells and predetermined third threshold voltage levels, and generate a histogram of the second threshold voltage levels, an estimation unit configured to estimate statistical parameter of a distribution of the second threshold voltage levels with respect to a first threshold voltage level according to writing data, based on the histogram, and a determination unit configured to determine a fifth threshold voltage level defining a boundary of a fourth threshold voltage level indicating a read result of the memory cells from the third threshold voltage levels based on the statistical parameter in such a manner that mutual information amount between the first threshold voltage level and the fourth threshold voltage level becomes maximum.

2011-02-17

20110038213

MULTI-DOT FLASH MEMORY - A multi-dot flash memory set potentials of bit lines being disposed at a left side of a selected floating gate to V

2011-02-17

20110038214

GATE-SEPARATED TYPE FLASH MEMORY WITH SHARED WORD LINE - A gate-separated type flash memory with a shared word line includes: a semiconductor substrate, on which a source electrode area and a drain electrode area are separately arranged; a word line, which is arranged between the source electrode area and the drain electrode area; a first storage bit unit, which is arranged between the word line and the source electrode area, and a second storage bit unit, which is arranged between the word line and the drain electrode area. The two storage bit units and word line are separated by a tunneling oxide layer. The two storage bit units respectively have a first control gate, a first floating gate and a second control gate, a second floating gate, and the two control gates are separately respectively arranged on two floating gates.

2011-02-17

20110038215

NON-VOLATILE MEMORY DEVICE AND OPERATING METHOD OF THE SAME - A method for operating a non-volatile memory device includes counting the number of consecutive verify operations performed without a precharge, sensing a temperature, and when the number of verify operations exceeds a set value of verify operations, controlling a level of a sensing bias voltage based on the sensed temperature.

2011-02-17

20110038216

METHOD FOR READING MEMORY CELL - Methods for reading a memory cell are provided. The method for reading a memory cell includes applying a first read pulse to a memory cell, heating the memory cell to a first temperature and obtaining a first read data. The first read data is converted to a first digital data. The first digital data is stored in a shift register. A second read pulse is applied to the memory cell, heating the memory cell to a second temperature and obtaining a second read data. The second read data is converted to a second digital data. The second digital data is stored in the shift register. A ratio of the first digital data and the second digital data is calculated, obtaining a quotient. The quotient is converted to an analog value. A log amplifier circuit takes the log of the analog value, representing an activation energy state.

2011-02-17

20110038217

MEMORY DEVICE AND METHOD HAVING LOW-POWER, HIGH WRITE LATENCY MODE AND HIGH-POWER, LOW WRITE LATENCY MODE AND/OR INDEPENDENTLY SELECTABLE WRITE LATENCY - A logic circuit operates write receivers in a dynamic random access memory device in either a low-power mode, high write latency mode or a high-power mode, low write latency mode. The logic circuit receives a first signal indicative of whether the high-power, low write latency mode has been enabled, a second signal indicative of whether a row of memory cells in the memory device is active, a third signal indicative of whether the memory device is being operated in a power down mode, and a fourth signal indicative of whether read transmitters in the memory device are active. The logic circuit maintains power to the write receivers whenever the high-power, low write latency mode has been enabled if a row of memory cells in the memory device is active, the memory device is not being operated in the power down mode, and the read transmitters in the memory device are not active.

2011-02-17

20110038218

Memory Chip and Method for Operating the Same - A memory chip and method for operating the same are provided. The memory chip includes a number of pads. The method includes inputting a number of first test signals to the pads respectively, wherein the first test signals corresponding to two physically-adjacent pads are complementary; inputting a number of second test signals, respectively successive to the first test signals, to the pads, wherein the first test signal and the second test signal corresponding to each of the pads are complementary; and outputting expected data from the memory chip if the first test signals and the second test signals are successfully received by the memory chip.

2011-02-17

20110038219

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR INCREASING DATA LINE NOISE TOLERANCE - Circuits and methods for improving noise tolerance in memories are disclosed such as those that include biasing a data line above a normal threshold voltage, either by providing a higher data line charge voltage with a voltage source, or by providing a higher data line charge voltage with a current source.

2011-02-17

20110038220

SENSE AMPLIFIER AND SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME - A sense amplifier includes a first inverter having an input terminal connected to a first line and an output terminal connected to a second line, and a second inverter having an input terminal connected to the second line and an output terminal connected to the first line, wherein an NMOS transistor of the first inverter and an NMOS transistor of the second inverter have well biases different from each other.

2011-02-17

20110038221

SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY DEVICES, CONTROLLERS, AND SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY SYSTEMS - A semiconductor memory system includes a controller and a memory device that are optical-interconnected. The controller includes a control logic configured to generate a control signal for controlling the memory device and a transmitter configured to convert the control signal into an optical signal, and output the optical signal. The memory device includes a receiving unit filter configured to convert the optical signal into an electric signal, and the electric signal based on a supply voltage corresponding to a period of the optical signal or the electric signal.

2011-02-17

20110038222

MIXING VESSEL - A mixing vessel includes a flexible container, elements for mixing its contents, aeration elements, a drain/lower bearing port having a rigid flange provided with a drain passage, attached in a tight manner to the lower portion of the container wall, supporting a lower bearing that is adjacent to the drain passage. The vessel includes an extended element for dispensing aeration gas and is spaced essentially radially from the drain/bearing port; at least one tubular element for dispensing aeration gas extends from the extended dispensing element, in the inside space, along the inside surface of the lower portion and the side portion of the wall of the container and extends on the outside of the container from the upper portion; at least one mixing element is spaced essentially from the lower portion of the container wall, from the lower bearing, and from at least one extended element for dispensing aeration gas.

2011-02-17

20110038223

MIXING SYSTEM WITH WATER SAVING FUNCTION AND USE THEREOF - The presently disclosed subject matter relates to a water mixing system that can include a mixing valve associated to an accumulation system allowing water savings in domestic systems. If the water at the inlet is not hot, it will be directed to the accumulation reservoir. If the water at inlet is hot or the accumulation reservoir is full, the water flowing through inlet will be directed to the discharge valve zone. While water is present in the accumulation reservoir it is directed to the cold water inlet preferably to the water distribution system cold water, thus promoting potable water savings. The presently disclosed subject matter is designed for civil construction industry, and more precisely for water systems for domestic use.

2011-02-17

20110038224

ELECTROMAGNETIC STIRRING APPARATUS - The stirring apparatus is an electronic design that generates rotating magnetic fields to drive magnetic stir bars within vials placed above the cover of the stirring apparatus. Below the cover is a magnetics board containing multiple vial groups of four air core coils arranged in rectangular patterns. Each vial group has with two pairs of diagonal coils. The coils in each pair are wired in series and have opposite winding directions. Each pair is driven by a different phase of a stepper motor driver. The vial groups are spaced appropriately for placing one vial above each group. The adjacent coils of adjacent vial groups are driven by the same phase and have the same magnetic direction. The cover contains an array of pole standoffs that matches the coil pattern. The hollow center of each air core coil contains at least a portion of one pole standoff.

2011-02-17

20110038225

Method for generating spread spectrum driver signals for a seismic vibrator array using multiple biphase modulation operations in each driver signal chip - A method for generating seismic energy for subsurface surveying include operating a first seismic vibrator above an area of the subsurface to be surveyed and operating at least a second seismic vibrator above the area substantially contemporaneously with the operating the first seismic vibrator. The first and the second vibrators each have a different selected frequency response. The first and second vibrators each is operated by a same direct sequence spread spectrum signal, wherein a different number of modulation operations for each logical value in the direct sequence spread spectrum signal is selected for each vibrator.

2011-02-17

20110038226

Remote seismic surveying systems and methods - Remote seismic surveying systems and methods are disclosed. At least some embodiments illuminate a water or ground surface with a beam from a coherent electromagnetic wave source. Reflected electromagnetic energy is focused onto an image plane where it combines with a reference beam to form an interference pattern. Electronics track the intensity versus time for multiple points in the image and derive displacement signals for various physical locations in the survey region. These displacement signals are associated with seismic source firing times and locations before being stored as seismic traces in a survey database. Some variations use the reflected electromagnetic energy to create multiple interference patterns that vary due to different path length differences, thereby eliminating signal phase ambiguities.

2011-02-17

20110038227

SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING METHOD FOR SURFACE RELATED MULTIPLE ATTENUATION - An embodiment of the invention relates to a method of processing seismic data comprising a plurality of traces, each trace having a source position, a receiver position and a midpoint position, each having coordinates in an inline direction and a crossline direction. The invention uses a data set comprising traces having one of the source position, the receiver position or the midpoint position having coordinates which are invariant in one of the inline or the crossline directions. A non-iterative surface related multiple attenuation algorithm is applied to the data set which assumes substantial non-variation of depth of reflectors in the same one of the inline or the crossline directions.

2011-02-17

20110038228

METHOD OF MARINE TIME-LAPSE SEISMIC SURVEYING - A method of marine time-lapse seismic surveying of a subsurface formation, comprises providing a baseline survey, providing a monitor survey that includes information about changes in the subsurface relative to the baseline survey, recording a repeat survey so closely in time to one of either the baseline survey or the monitor survey that changes in the subsurface can be ignored but under different near-surface conditions from said one survey, computing a short-time survey difference between the repeat signals and signals comprising said one of either the baseline survey or the monitor survey, computing a monitor survey difference, matching the short-time survey difference and the monitor survey difference to derive a matched noise survey difference, subtracting the matched noise survey difference from the monitor survey difference, and outputting a noise suppressed survey difference based on the result of the subtraction.

2011-02-17

20110038229

AUDIO SOURCE LOCALIZATION SYSTEM AND METHOD - A system and method for performing audio source localization that uses minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beams or other super-directive beams that are more suitable for reducing noise, interference and/or acoustic coupling than the delay-and-sum beams conventionally used in performing audio source localization based on a Steered Response Power (SRP) approach. Since super-directive beams such as MVDR beams do not provide good properties for performing conventional SRP-based audio source localization, an embodiment of the present invention utilizes a different metric than maximum response power in order to determine which of a plurality of beams provides the best response for audio source localization. This metric involves identifying which beam provides the smallest measure of distortion with respect to a reference power or reference response.

2011-02-17

20110038230

UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC POSITIONING SYSTEM - A positioning system has at least one underwater apparatus, which includes an acoustic receiver and a computer. The system includes a base station placed in the sea environment, the base station transmitting an acoustic signal received by the acoustic receiver, wherein the acoustic receiver includes a hydrophone, the base station includes at least two acoustic transmitters forming an antenna, the distances between the acoustic transmitters of the antenna being known and the transmitters being synchronized therebetween. According to the invention, the computer includes an element for calculating differences in arrival time and differences in phases of acoustic signals coming from the base station transmitters, and an element for calculating the possible geometric loci of the position of the apparatus relative to the base station and to the orientation thereof, and the position of the underwater apparatus is predetermined from these possible geometric loci.