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{
"DOI": "10.15252/msb.20167411",
"author": [
{
"family": "Sanchez, Benjamin J."
},
{
"family": "Zhang, Xi-Cheng"
},
{
"family": "Nilsson, Avlant"
},
{
"family": "Lahtvee, Petri-Jaan"
},
{
"family": "Kerkhoven, Eduard J"
},
{
"family": "Nielsen, Jens"
}
],
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2017,
8,
3
]
]
},
"abstract": "<p>Genome\u2010scale metabolic models (GEMs) are widely used to calculate metabolic phenotypes. They rely on defining a set of constraints, the most common of which is that the production of metabolites and/or growth are limited by the carbon source uptake rate. However, enzyme abundances and kinetics, which act as limitations on metabolic fluxes, are not taken into account. Here, we present\u00a0GECKO, a method that enhances a\u00a0GEM\u00a0to account for enzymes as part of reactions, thereby ensuring that each metabolic flux does not exceed its maximum capacity, equal to the product of the enzyme's abundance and turnover number. We applied\u00a0GECKO\u00a0to a\u00a0<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae\u00a0</em>GEM\u00a0and demonstrated that the new model could correctly describe phenotypes that the previous model could not, particularly under high enzymatic pressure conditions, such as yeast growing on different carbon sources in excess, coping with stress, or overexpressing a specific pathway.\u00a0GECKO\u00a0also allows to directly integrate quantitative proteomics data; by doing so, we significantly reduced flux variability of the model, in over 60% of metabolic reactions. Additionally, the model gives insight into the distribution of enzyme usage between and within metabolic pathways. The developed method and model are expected to increase the use of model\u2010based design in metabolic engineering.</p>",
"title": "Improving the phenotype predictions of a yeast genome?scale metabolic model by incorporating enzymatic constraints",
"type": "article-journal",
"id": "1051195"
}