Mitral Stenosis -- Child

Definition

Mitral stenosis is a narrowing of the mitral valve in the heart. The mitral valve is in the left side of the heart between the upper and lower chambers of the heart. When working properly, the valve helps to keep blood flowing in the right direction from the upper to the lower chambers.

Mitral stenosis makes it difficult for blood to move from the upper and lower chambers. This means there is less blood for the lower chamber to pump out to the body. The blood can also back up in the upper chamber and push back into the lungs.

Causes

The most common cause of mitral stenosis is
rheumatic fever
. This infection may develop after strep throat or scarlet fever. It can scar the heart valves. Mitral stenosis may develop 5-10 years after this infection occurs.

Less common or rare causes include:

Birth defect

Blood clots

Tumors

Infective endocarditis

Other growths that block blood flow through the mitral valve

Risk Factors

The main risk factor for mitral stenosis is rheumatic fever. Other risk factors may include:

Being born with mitral valve problems

Having other health problems that affect blood flow in the heart

Symptoms

Symptoms are caused by the problems with blood flow and may include:

Difficulty breathing, especially during exercise and when lying flat

Waking up short of breath in the middle of the night

Tiredness

Sensation of rapid or irregular heartbeat

Cough with exertion

Coughing up blood

Swelling of the legs or feet

Frequent respiratory infections

Lightheadedness, fainting

Chest pain, like squeezing, pressure, or tightness (rare)

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your child’s symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.