1 On November 19, 1977, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat shocked the international community by traveling to Jerusalem to speak before the Knesset. This unprecedented olive branch, offered to a country upon which he had ordered a surprise attack just three years before, set the stage for a peace process that would culminate sixteen months later in the Egypt-Israeli Peace Treaty. The pivotal point in this process came in September 1977 when President Carter brought Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin to the table and helped to hammer out the Camp David Accords. What factors caused these two players with seemingly incompatible interests to agree to a stable peace on behalf of their nations? There have been many attempts to answer this question from a variety of angles. The Camp David negotiations are rich with lessons for students of diplomacy, and they are worth revisiting as a case study. I will examine the events from two perspectives: the impact of two-level games and the characteristics of the leaders that made agreement possible. The first half of the study will trace the strategies of the players throughout the negotiations, and the second half will analyze how the outcomes were reached.

I. BACKGROUND At its heart, the Arab-Israeli conflict is a struggle between Zionist and Arab nationalism. Since the late 19th Century, these forces have fought over two major issues: control over Palestine and the existence of a Jewish state within the Muslim Arab world. The Jewish call for a homeland to protect them from persecution began in the 1880s, and continued with increased fervor after the Holocaust. In 1948, Israel came into being when the UN divided what had been the British protectorate of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states. Fighting broke out immediately, and by 1949 there was no Arab Palestinian state at all. Israel controlled all of the old Palestinian territory except for the Egyptian Gaza Strip and the Jordanian West Bank (Eisenberg and Caplan 5-7). The Arab-Israeli clash continued to create armed conflict: first in the 1956 war between Israel and Egypt and then in the Six Day War of 1967. Winning a decisive victory in 1967, Israel wrested control of the Golan Heights from Syria, the West Bank from Jordan, and Gaza and the Sinai from Egypt (Eisenberg and Caplan 7-11). In the aftermath of the war, the tenor of the situation began to change when all of the Arab states accepted UN Security Council Resolution 242. This document called for Israel to pull out of the occupied territories, but it also guaranteed secure borders to all nations, thereby accepting Israel as a sovereign country for the first time. Further progress towards a long-term solution seemed possible in 1972 when Sadat hinted that he might accept a peace treaty with the Israelis if they would return the occupied territories. However, the U.S. government was focused on dealing with the Soviets at the time and opted not to facilitate talks. The opportunity for peace faded, and Egypt and Syria joined forces in a surprise war on Israel in 1973 (Telhami, Pew Study 1-2). In retrospect, it is generally agreed that this war was the first step by Egypt in the negotiating process. It raised awareness of the need for a lasting solution to the conflict

2 and galvanized the U.S. and the Soviet Union to take action. The two superpowers convened meetings in Geneva aimed at bringing all the key players in the Middle East to the table to discuss a settlement. This format favored the Arab states because they outnumbered Israel and had greater leverage; Israel preferred the possibility of bilateral negotiations. The 1975 Geneva Conference failed because the parties could not reach consensus on the issues of Palestinian...

YOU MAY ALSO FIND THESE DOCUMENTS HELPFUL

...1978 CampDavid Negotiations
Alex Saldana
Proc 5840 Negotiation
Mark Long
Sep 25 2010
Introduction
The international political strategy of bring together the primary leaders of Israel and Egypt for peace talks may have been a design to stop the growing tensions across the middle eastern region of the 2010. However, the outcome of the 1978 CampDavid accords were the end result of a 13 day series of American mediated talks between Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and have been heralded by many to say it has been the longest lasting and most effectively negotiated agreement between any Arab nation and Israel. One of the biggest political issues of the last several decades has been keeping peace in the Middle East especially with on going tension of this year. This has been a challenge even for many of our pass and present U.S. President, as well as, the middle eastern leaders across the region. As evidence, Just listen to the daily news topics as we are bombarded with issues and concerns associated with the Middle East. Israel is still a hot top topic even today. Even though the international community had made peace in the Middle East a goal, the round of talks always found a way to stall. The CampDavid talk’s unforeseen outcome changed the international community to this day. The negotiations issues of that specific event are...

...The CampDavid Accord
By 1978 the thirty-year war that had been fought between Egypt and Israel had come to a point where there was a chance for peace. The area that had been at the center of the turmoil was the West Bank of the Jordan River and the Gaza Strip. The problem was that both countries believed that they had the rights to this land: Israel, biblically and Egypt, politically. So an invitation by President Jimmy Carter to President Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel was extended. The invitation was for a meeting in the Catoctin Mountains of Maryland at the presidential retreat, CampDavid. The meeting was so that the framework of a peace agreement, known as the CampDavid Accord, could be laid out between Sadat and Begin, with Carter as the mediator. Both Sadat and Begin had their reputations and their countries' futures on the line, not to mention the future of the Middle East. All of the countries neighboring Egypt and Israel would be affected by an Egyptian/Israeli agreement of any kind and maybe encouraged to come to an agreement of some sort for that region.
A lot of problems had to be overcome for this summit to be a success. One of them was that the hatred and suspicions between President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin ran very deep. Another problem was that the outside pressures were too strong to permit an easy and early resolve...

...﻿
Enterprise social responsibility
Submitted by: Md shafiqul Islam
Student ID: 21248068
CASESTUDY
1.1 Identify each of the stakeholders and how they are affected. What are the main harms and benefits in this case for the different stakeholders based on the current situation?
Stakeholders are every person and organization directly or indirectly involved. This studycase of financial crisis has affected many stakeholders such as banks, employees and their customers. The 2008 crisis is the scariest one after the Great depression. Lord Vicker, who showed the findings of the independent banking commission, argues that in order to keep the banking sector flowing, they need to have high capital, retailing and investments for lending. There were several British companies that were affected in this crisis, for example, Northern Rock and Bradford and Bingley. They were offering up to 125% of ‘Loan to value’ mortgages and loans based on individual’s statements. The institutions were affected by two major problems; they were not able to make high returns on capital and there were too much high level of money deposits.
Americans banks were ahead of others during the crisis as Chinese money was invested with them. They had more open opportunities compared to others during the crisis and they had much more freedom on how to run their businesses. A lot of people who did not have concrete income benefited...

...Introduction
In this case we get an entire scenario about how the Japan deflation set in, what were the effects of the deflation on the economy as well as on the people of Japan. It also mentions about the various reasons because of which Japan was in such a tight grip of Deflation, Depression, Demographics and Debts Guides us through the steps taken by the government in order to curb this deflation. Imparts a great knowledge to us about the various economic terms like deflation, self-liquidating credit, Non-Self Liquidating Credit and how the people and economy of a country is affected by these.
Free markets economies are subject to cycles. Economic cycles consist of fluctuating periods of economic expansion and contraction as measured by a nation's gross domestic product (GDP). The length of economic cycles (periods of expansion vs. contraction) can vary greatly. The traditional measure of an economic recession is two or more consecutive quarters of falling gross domestic product. There are also economic depressions, which are extended periods of economic contraction such as the Great Depression of the 1930s.
From 1991 through 2001, Japan experienced a period of economic stagnation and price deflation known as "Japan's Lost Decade." While the Japanese economy outgrew this period, it did so at a pace that was much slower than other industrialized nations. During this period, the Japanese economy suffered from both a credit crunch and a liquidity trap....

...
CASESTUDY NO.1
Mary Roberts had been with the company three years when she was promoted to manager of the tax department which was part of the controller’s division.Within four months she became a supervisor of ten staff accountants to fill a vacancy.Her superior believed her to be most qualified individual to fill the position.
Many senior employees resent her that she so young to fill the position and what made them more upsets was the fact tax managers did not discuss the promotion.
QUESTION:
1.What can Mary Roberts do about the resentful senior employees?
Mary should tackle this head on she should be direct and assertive about her expectation and when people are crossing the line that means she need to be clear with people when their behavior doesn’t meet her standards and she need to be willing To set and enforce consequence if it doesn’t change
2. Can higher management do anything to help Roberts make the transitions to greater responsibility?
Yes, because they are the one who put her in that position of course they will help Mary interms of guiding it `.
3. Will her lack of technical knowledge hinder Mary’s managerial effectiveness?
No , because lacking on some aspects on technical knowledge cant bankrupt or destroy a company as long she have a guts to face and accepts failures
4. Should Mary’s superior have discussed the promotion with the senior employees before announcing it?
No ,because its not their obligation...

...February of 1999. In the past four months, the NC design had developed
sustainability. The Bostrom alliance agreement for the truck market had been concluded. The
question about Elio's strategy for the entry into automobile still remained. Should Elio's joint
venture with Bostrom? Should it partner with a tier-one or a tier-two automotive supplier?
Was Elio's technology strategy aligned with the requirements for a successful entry into the
automotive market? Paul and Hari realized that they needed answers to these questions in
the coming days.
This casestudy discusses the start-up, origins and strategic options facing an innovative set up
and start up in automotive market and in the seat design. With the domination of the
incumbent large suppliers serving the top 3 leading tier-one automakers of U.S.,
Elio
Engineering faces several challenges as it seeks to introduce its new seating technology to the
market. The case can serve as vehicle to discuss important themes such as technology and
business strategy, invention and innovation, bringing technology to market and profiting from
innovation.
Elio's should make a joint venture with Bostrom. Elio's has made a seat design naming "No
Compromise" with progress on cost, weight and performance compared to the conventional
design and also the existing all-belt-to-seat (ABTS). After many functional prototypes and
computer aided structural analysis, a perfect design...

...﻿Case:
On September 21, 1971, an infant was born with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID). The child was David Vetter III, third child of David Joseph Vetter Jr. and Carol Ann Vetter. The first child was Katherine and the second child (also named David Vetter III), died after seven months “Doctors said that the baby boy had been born with a defective thymus, a gland which is important in the functioning of the immune system, due to a genetic condition, SCID. Each further son the couple might conceive would have a 50% chance of inheriting the same condition.” (Montgomery, South, & Wilson, 2006). However, a group of doctors told the Vetters that if they had another child with SCID, the child could be placed in a sterile isolator until a bone marrow transplant could be performed, using the older sister, Katherine, as a donor. The couple was eager to have another child, so, believing that after a short treatment their child could live a normal life, they decided to go through another pregnancy
Medical Indications
The hospital staff has made a heroic effort to create germ free conditions. After less than twenty seconds of exposure to the world, the baby is placed in a plastic isolator bubble that will protect him from disease. However, after the birth of David, it was discovered that Katherine was not a match, thus removing the possibility of the transplant. There had been no discussion of...

...idea of how the rest of the team is progressing. Team members can offer suggestions and advice to each other as well as have healthy conflicts that would lead to consensus and ultimately a stronger team. This would also help build trust, which is critical to a healthy team. Any conflicts or issues that arise in this environment would be dealt with. That way, problems will not grow unnoticed and undermine trust between the team members and productivity.
The process in which a review system is initiated would also help. Like one in JP Morgan, a consistent and thorough review process could help Fletcher identify problems early like in the case with Whitley and Doyle. It would force Fletcher to be proactive in seeking and solving problems that may arise. In addition, Fletcher can get feedback on how he is performing as a manager, which in this case would be poorly. With that knowledge in hand, Fletcher could see what he is doing wrong and correct those issues before they get worse.
Assuming that Fletcher goes with the option of choosing a less experienced team, he would have to devote more time to the development of his analysts. Fletcher mentioned that he didn’t have as much time as he wanted to develop Whitley, but she still progressed really well. If Fletcher could relax on his work a little more and focus that time towards the development of his team members and also their compatibility, he would be able to have a strong group of analysts...