The Sifton Botanical Bog is located on the south side of Oxford
Street, west of Hyde Park Road in the City of London, Ontario. It
is owned by the Upper Thames River Conservation Authority and jointly
managed with the City of London.
There is a small parking lot at the entrance to this 28 hectare
natural area. There is ample parking across Oxford St. at Oakridge
Mall.

DESCRIPTION

The Sifton Bog is a Class 2 Provincially Significant Wetland. Bogs
of this type are often found in more northern climates. Sifton Bog
is the most southerly large acidic bog in Canada and therefore an
invaluable study area, especially since it is located in a large
urban area. The bog is surrounded by upland forest including some
Carolinian species. This makes it a very interesting natural area
to visit. There is a wide variety of habitat to experience.

The bog depression was once a large block of ice. The ice block
was left when the last glacier melted about 13,000 years ago. There
is a thick layer of peat under the vegetation. This sits on the
stony soil that once surrounded the ice block. When the block melted,
the depression or kettle remained.

Today a central pond, called Redmonds Pond, is surrounded
by a floating bog and a swampy lowland wooded area. This area is
surrounded by upland deciduous forest slopes. There is a trail and
boardwalk that leads through the lowland woods, across the floating
bog to the central pond.

The Sifton Bog has been previously disturbed by many human influences
including a gravel pit, agriculture, and residential development,
however, through time the bog has continued to be self-sustaining.

HISTORY
Some interesting facts about Sifton Botanical Bog:

? One of the earliest uses for the Sifton Bog was as a hunting
ground by Aboriginal People.

? From 1854-100 the Redmond Family and George Foster owned the
property that contains Redmonds Pond. During this time the
bog was known as Byron Bog.

? During WWII the Alder Buckthorn was removed for use in the production
of gunpowder.

? In 1957, W.W. Judd, of University of Western Ontario, led a movement
to preserve Byron Bog.

? In 1958, the owners of Byron Bog were: William Duyker, Arthur
Thompson, Clare Wright and Mowbray Sifton. Each owned a different
tract of land on which the Byron Bog was located.

? From 1958-1966 the four owners sold their properties to UTRCA
(Upper Thames River Conservation Authority).

? During 1962-1967 there were negotiations made to have the bog
preserved.

? On September 23, 1966 the UTRCA (Upper Thames River Conservation
Authority) acquired the area through both a grant from the Province
of Ontario and a donation from the Sifton Construction Company.
It was then renamed the Sifton Botanical Bog.

During the 20th Century the owners of the Sifton Bog tried to exploit
the Bogs natural resources in several different ways. They
attempted to drain the land to grow celery, removed layers of peat
for sale, and sold Black Spruce for Christmas Trees.
Some of the management practices that have taken place at Sifton
Bog are:

After the Upper Thames River Conservation Authority (UTRCA) purchased
the property, the property was made to be more easily accessible
to the public. Some of the improvements were:

? Parking lot built in 1968

? Field house constructed in 1968

? Hanging sign erected at the edge of Oxford Street in 1968

? Trail system developed in 1968

? Boardwalk built leading from the property entrance to Redmonds
Pond in 1973

? Permanent sign erected at the entrance gate in 1974

TRAILS
From the main parking lot, a trail leads through part of the lowland
swamp to the boardwalk. The boardwalk leads over the open, floating
sphagnum mat area of the quaking bog and ends at an
observation platform at the edge of Redmonds Pond. Visitors
must stay on the boardwalk because there are many fragile plants
in the bog. Many people come here to walk among nature and to take
photographs of the wildlife that live in the wetland habitat. It
is presently being used for educational and passive recreational
purposes by natural history clubs, service clubs, local residents
and students of all ages.

HABITAT
The Sifton Bog Natural Area is rich in diversity of habitat. There
are four different types of ecosystems. There is a wooded slope
habitat, a low woodland habitat, a floating bog habitat, and a pond
(aquatic) habitat. Deciduous upland forest can be found on the slopes
and swampy lowland forest species can be found surrounding the floating
bog vegetation. In the center of the bog there is Redmonds
pond. The central bog communities are relatively undisturbed and
are the most significant feature of the area. Sifton Bog is a Class
2 Provincially Significant Wetland.

WETLANDS AT THE SIFTON BOG

The Sifton Botanical Bog is a floating mat of sphagnum moss that
is alive at the surface and decaying below. The mat is underlain
by up to 33 feet of saturated peat. This community tends to incorporate
marsh and bog vegetation. Many shrubs can reach up to 20 feet high
with the occasional tree species as you move toward the forested
area. Some of the ground cover vegetation found at Sifton Bog:

Many of the species found at Sifton Bog are considered nationally,
provincially, or regionally rare. This means that these species
numbers are declining due to habitat loss, human influence or environmental
concerns. The following plants are considered rare and are mostly
found within the wetland and aquatic habitats.

There are five species of carnivorous plants found at Sifton Bog.
There are the Pitcher-plant, two Sundews, and two Bladderworts.
Carnivorous plants eat insects to obtain nutrition because the bog
peat does not contain many nutrients.

The following insects are found in this natural area because of
the acidic bog vegetation:

A wetland is an area that has standing water at or near the surface
for most of the year. Wetlands may be located along shorelines and
riverbanks or can often be found in isolated depressions or hollows.
Wetlands are very important within nature for the following reasons:

A. Wetlands provide habitat (food, water, shelter and space) for
mammals, reptiles, amphibians and many bird species.
B. Wetlands act like a giant sponge, holding water that reduces
flooding.
C. Wetlands release water slowly, supplying water to other communities.
D. Wetlands help to control erosion.
E. Wetlands act like water filters.

There are four types of wetlands found in Ontario; marshes, swamps,
bogs and fens.

MARSHES
These are found along the edges of rivers, streams, ponds and lakes.
They support many plants that are rooted in the soil and grow out
of the water called emergent plants. Cattails and Arrowheads are
two examples of emergent plants. Marshes receive their water from
the body of water next to them, groundwater, rain or snow. As a
result of this the water levels can vary from a few centimetres
up to two metres.

SWAMPS
Swamps can be either isolated or found along rivers, streams and
lakes. They are formed as a result of flooding during the spring
snowmelt. They are covered with water for most of the year, although
they do not flood as deep as marshes and can dry up during periods
of drought.

Some of the trees that can be seen in a swamp include:
Eastern White Cedar, Balsam Poplar, Red Maple, Silver Maple, Black
Ash, Tamarack and Spruce.

A variety of shrubs are located here: Alder, Willow, Button Bush,
Winterberry and Dogwood. The ground is carpeted with mosses, ferns
and wildflowers including Marsh Marigold, Skunk Cabbage and Orchids.

BOGS
Bogs are commonly found in the northern parts of the province. They
are located in deep, bowl-like depressions and are filled with layers
of peat (slowly decaying plant material). The water becomes covered
with floating and decaying vegetation. The dominant vegetation here
is sphagnum moss. Some tree species found here are Black Spruce,
Tamarack and White Cedar. Plants include Leatherleaf, Labrador Tea,
Bog Rosemary, Blueberries, Cranberries, Three-leaved-Solomons
Seal, Sundew and Pitcher Plants.

FENS
These are areas that are usually located in low-lying areas of Northern
Ontario. Within Fens water slowly flows in and out of the peat layers.
However, fens may dry up in the warmer months. They are one of the
most interesting wildflower and insect habitats and are a great
place to find Orchids and other rare plants.
Fens are dominated by grasses, rushes, and sedges. Other plant life
consists of: Horsetails, Brown Moss, Tamarack, Black Spruce and
Birch. Wildlife in a Fen can include shrews, mice, voles, lemmings,
coyote, muskrat, raccoon, beaver and weasels.

The following is a general species list of life you might find in
a marsh, swamp, bog or fen.