So have international controversies. Litigations, arbitrations, as well as regulatory compliance, investigations,
and enforcement now routinely involve multiple jurisdictions or affect property, business practices, laws, venues,
or procedures of different countries.

International controversies present participants with unique challenges — and unique opportunities. Participants
in international disputes will either benefit from the strategic use of these unique tools and principles when they
employ them — or they will suffer from their adversary's adroit use of them when they do not.