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Carnegie Mellon CERT

In 1988, the Morris worm, the first widespread incidence of malware on the Internet to capture the public's attention, pressed several United States government agencies to mobilize against future attacks. The National Security Agency (NSA) convened a workshop consisting of numerous academic and governmental organizations, including MIT, Harvard, the University of California-Berkeley, the FBI, the Defense Communications Agency, and DARPA, with the goal of unraveling how the Morris worm attack occurred, and how it was ultimately defeated. The convening organizations determined that an informal group of UNIX computer professionals were responsible for neutralizing the Morris worm. This finding spurred an effort to create a formal group of professionals that could coordinate efforts in the event of future attacks. Shortly thereafter, DARPA established the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) to provide a centralized response to computer security problems. CERT had several responsibilities beyond responding to computer security attacks, including security research, educating users about computer security, and reporting security incidents.(1)

Although CERT was a Department of Defense-funded organization, the group operated at Carnegie Mellon University under the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) research center, an existing DARPA-funded organization oriented towards defense-related software development. Despite being launched in an attempt to create a centralized coordination center, each major branch of the Internet, such as ARPANET, NSFnet, and Bitnet, would have its own branch of CERT, with the DARPA-funded CERT reporting on the activities of ARPANET and Milnet. Beginning in 1988, CERT issued briefings regarding security incidents, discussing vulnerabilities in computer systems most commonly in use at the time, including those of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) and Sun Microsystems. Other CERT advisories covered issues like worms, dispelling inaccurate media reports about computer security issues, and publicizing security practices to users.(2)