Administrative Division
An ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION, UNIT, ENTITY, AREA or REGION, also
referred to as a SUBNATIONAL ENTITY, CONSTITUENT UNIT, or COUNTRY
SUBDIVISION, is a portion of a country or other region delineated for
the purpose of administration . Administrative divisions are granted a
certain degree of autonomy and are usually required to manage
themselves through their own local governments . Countries are divided
up into these smaller units to make managing their land and the
affairs of their people easier. For example, a country may be divided
into provinces , which, in turn, are divided into counties , which, in
turn, may be divided in whole or in part into municipalities ; and so
on. Administrative divisions are conceptually separate from dependent
territories , with the former being an integral part of the state and
the other being only under some lesser form of control. However, the
term "administrative division" can include dependent territories as
well as accepted administrative divisions (for example, in
geographical databases ). For clarity and convenience the standard neutral reference for the
largest administrative subdivision of a country is called the
"first-level administrative division" or "first administrative level".
Next smaller is called "second-level administrative division" or
"second administrative level"
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Countries
A COUNTRY is a region that is identified as a distinct national
entity in political geography . A country may be an independent
sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state, as a
non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division , or a
geographic region associated with sets of previously independent or
differently associated people with distinct political characteristics.
Regardless of the physical geography, in the modern internationally
accepted legal definition as defined by the
League of NationsLeague of Nations in 1937
and reaffirmed by the
United NationsUnited Nations in 1945, a resident of a country
is subject to the independent exercise of legal jurisdiction. Sometimes _countries_ refers both to sovereign states and to other
political entities, while other times it refers only to states .
For example, the _
CIA World Factbook _ uses the word in its "Country
name" field to refer to "a wide variety of dependencies, areas of
special sovereignty, uninhabited islands , and other entities in
addition to the traditional countries or independent states"
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Unitary State
A UNITARY STATE is a state governed as a single power in which the
central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative
divisions (sub-national units) exercise only the powers that the
central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the
world have a unitary system of government. Of the 192 UN member states
, 165 are governed as unitary states. In a unitary state, sub-national units are created and abolished (an
example being the 22 mainland regions of
France being merged into 13),
and their powers may be broadened and narrowed, by the central
government. Although political power may be delegated through
devolution to local governments by statute , the central government
remains supreme; it may abrogate the acts of devolved governments or
curtail their powers. The
United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland is an
example of a unitary state.
Scotland ,
Wales and
Northern Ireland have
a degree of autonomous devolved power, but such power is delegated by
the Parliament of the
United Kingdom , which may enact laws
unilaterally altering or abolishing devolution (
England does not have
any devolved power). Many unitary states have no areas possessing a
degree of autonomy. In such countries, sub-national regions cannot
decide their own laws. Examples are the
Republic of Ireland and the
Kingdom of
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Sovereign State
A SOVEREIGN STATE is, in international law , a nonphysical juridical
entity that is represented by one centralized government that has
sovereignty over a geographic area.
International law defines
sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory,
one government , and the capacity to enter into relations with other
sovereign states . It is also normally understood that a sovereign
state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or
state . The existence or disappearance of a state is a question of fact .
While according to the declarative theory of statehood, a sovereign
state can exist without being recognised by other sovereign states ,
unrecognised states will often find it hard to exercise full
treaty-making powers and engage in diplomatic relations with other
sovereign states
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Government Of The United Kingdom
HER MAJESTY\'S GOVERNMENT (HMG; Welsh : _Llywodraeth Ei Mawrhydi_),
commonly referred to as the UK GOVERNMENT or BRITISH GOVERNMENT, is
the central government of the
United Kingdom of
Great Britain and
Northern Ireland . The government is led by the Prime Minister , who selects all the
remaining ministers . The prime minister and the other most senior
ministers belong to the supreme decision-making committee, known as
the Cabinet . The government ministers all sit in Parliament , and
are accountable to it. The government is dependent on Parliament to
make primary legislation , and since the Fixed-terms Parliaments Act
2011 , general elections are held every five years to elect a new
House of Commons , unless there is a successful vote of no confidence
in the government or a two-thirds vote for a snap election (as was the
case in 2017 ) in the House of Commons, in which case an election may
be held sooner. After an election, the monarch (currently Queen
Elizabeth II ) selects as prime minister the leader of the party most
likely to command a majority of MPs in the House of Commons. Under the uncodified British constitution , executive authority lies
with the monarch, although this authority is exercised only by, or on
the advice of, the prime minister and the cabinet. The Cabinet
members advise the monarch as members of the Privy Council . They also
exercise power directly as leaders of the Government Departments
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