Monday, December 23, 2013

How to Make a YouTube Instructional Screencast Video on Linux

A picture is worth a thousand words, and a well-crafted how-to video
is darned near priceless. Linux has all the tools you need to make
high-quality and useful instructional videos. We shall make a simple
screencast with the wonderful Kdenlive video editor and the Audacity
audio recorder and editor, and learn how to share this splendid
screencast on YouTube.
All you need is your nice Linux PC with Kdenlive and Audacity
installed, a good-quality microphone or headset, and a YouTube account.
(Yes, there are many other free video-sharing services, and you are
welcome to explore them.) YouTube is owned by Google, so Google tries to
entice you into rampant sharing with everything and everyone in the
world. Just say no if this is not what you want to do.
Our workflow goes like this:

Capture screencast with Kdenlive

Record soundtrack with Audacity

Add soundtrack to Kdenlive

Upload to YouTube

The world views your video and is happy.

Kdenlive supports most popular digital video formats, including AVI,
MP4, H.264, and MOV. It supports image files such as GIF, PNG, SVG, and
TIFF, and audio file formats including uncompressed PCM, Vorbis, WAV,
MP3 and AC3. You can even read and edit Flash files. In short, it should
handle pretty much anything you throw at it.
Your soundtrack is just as important as your video track. Please, I
beg you, pay attention to your audio. Keep it clean and simple, and keep
the rambling digressions, verbal tics, and distracting background
noises to a minimum. I prefer a good-quality headset for making
narrations because you don't have to worry about microphone placement,
and you can listen to yourself over and over without driving bystanders
insane.
The Kdenlive documention is outdated and tells you that you need
RecordMyDesktop to make screencasts. I have Kdenlive 0.9.4, and it does
not need RecordMyDesktop.

Figure 1: Default profile settings.

Making the Screencast

If you're installing Kdenlive for the first time you'll get a
configuration wizard at first run. Don't worry too much about the
default settings because you can change them anytime. These are the
settings I use for my screencasts: HD 720p 30 fps, 1280x720 screen size.
How do you know what settings to use? YouTube tells you.
To set these values go to Settings > Configure Kdenlive > Project
Defaults > Default Profile > HD 720p 30fps (figure 1), and set
the size of your screen capture in Settings > Configure Kdenlive >
Capture > Screen Grab (figure 2). You may also choose a Full Screen
Capture, though it's better to stick with the dimensions specified by
YouTube, because if they're different YouTube adds pillarboxes to make
them fit. Your eager viewers want to see a screen filled with glorious
content, not pillarboxes.

Figure 2: Screencast screen size.

The default YouTube video player size is 640x360 at 320p, which is
small and blurry. The player has controls for small, larger, and
full-screen, plus multiple quality levels. These are for your viewers
only, and you can't change the defaults, which is sad because nothing
looks good at 640x360 at 320p. But you still want to make videos with
the higher quality settings, and you can always add some text to remind
your viewers to try the better settings.

Save Your Project

Before you do anything else go to File > Save as to save your project, and remember to save it periodically.

Screen Grab

Making your screen capture is easy as pie. Go to the Record Monitor,
select Screen Grab, and then hit the Record button. This opens a box
with dotted borders on your screen, and everything inside this box is
recorded. So all you have to do is move and size the window you want
recorded inside the box. Do your thing, then when you're finished click
the stop button (figure 3).

Figure 3: Making the screen grab.

Clicking Stop automatically opens the Clip Monitor so you can preview
your new clip. If you like it, drag it from the Project Tree to the
Video 1 track. Now you can edit your new video. There are always bits
you'll want to trim; a fast way to do this is to play your clip in the
Project Monitor until you get to the end of the part you want to remove.
Then Pause, then press Shift+r. This cuts your clip at the point on the
timeline that you stopped, so now you have two clips. Click on the one
you want to delete and press the Delete key, and poof! It is gone.
You'll want to drag your remaining clip to whatever point on the
timeline you want it to start, and you might want to add some nice
transitions. Some simple fades are good; simply right-click on your clip
and click Add Effect > Fade > Fade from black and Fade to black,
and Kdenlive will automatically place them at the beginning and end.

Adding a Soundtrack

Please see Whirlwind Intro to Audacity on Linux: From Recording to CD in One Lesson to
learn the basics of recording with Audacity. Export your recording as a
16-bit WAV file and then import it into Kdenlive via Project > Add
Clip. Drag your new audio clip down to one of the Audio tracks. An easy
way to make your narration is to play your video track and talk as it
plays. With a little luck you won't have to do a lot of cleanup, and
your commentary will be in sync with the video.

Fig 4: Cut your track with Shift+r and drag one of the clips away from the cut to create a silent gap.

If
you're a fast talker and get ahead of your video, you can easily add a
space in the audio track. Simply cut your track with Shift+r, and drag
one of the clips away from the cut to create a silent gap (figure 4).

Rendering Your Project

When you're happy with your edits and ready to export to your final
format, click the Render button. This takes a few minutes depending on
the speed of your computer and size of your project. There are presets
for Web, and if you choose File Rendering you can tweak your settings
(figure 5). I've gotten good results with File Rendering > H.264,
Video bitrate 12000, and audio 384. H.264 is a super-compressed MPEG-4

Fig. 5: Choose File Rendering to tweak your Web settings.

format that delivers small file sizes and good quality.

YouTube Bound

Play your new video in VLC or MPlayer or whatever you like, and if it
looks good then you're ready to upload to your YouTube account. In
typical Google fashion your dashboard and video manager are disorganized
and complicated, but keep poking around and you'll figure it out.
Before you can do anything you'll have to put your account in good
standing, which means getting a code number from Google via text or
email. When you prove you're not a bot by entering the code number
you'll be able to upload videos.
You can upload your videos and mark them as either private or public.
Google has some editing tools you might like, such as auto-fix and
music soundtracks, though in my nearly-humble opinion hardly anyone does
background music correctly so it's just annoying. But you might be the
first to do it right!
The most useful editing tool is automatic closed-captioning. I
recommend using this on all of your videos, not only for people who
can't hear very well but for anyone who has to keep the volume low, and
to make sure everyone understands what you're saying. The captioning
tool also creates a transcript.
Another useful tool is the annotations tool, which supports speech
bubbles, titles, spotlights, and labels. Of course you can do all this
in Kdenlive, so you can try both.
Well, here we are at the end and it seems we've barely begun. Please
share your videos and YouTube tips and tricks in the comments. And while
you're at it, please share your new video tutorial with us on video.linux.com and join the 100 Linux Tutorials Campaign.