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Helping to describe the science and technology system,Helping to describe the science and technology system, Enabling better understanding of S&T structure,Enabling better understanding of S&T structure, Enabling better understanding of the impact of policies and programs on it.Enabling better understanding of the impact of policies and programs on it. Enabling to evaluate the impact of science and technology on society and the economy.Enabling to evaluate the impact of science and technology on society and the economy. Importance of S&T indicators

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S&T data are not readily available in Egypt except in government and higher education sectors S&T data are not readily available in Egypt except in government and higher education sectors If they were available, they are not in systematic manner or incomplete If they were available, they are not in systematic manner or incomplete Data of (expenditures or R&D personnel) are difficult to obtain especially from private sectors. Data of (expenditures or R&D personnel) are difficult to obtain especially from private sectors. There is no standard method to collect data of S&T There is no standard method to collect data of S&T CHALLENGES

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Egyptian government took several steps to collect data for science and technology indicators.Egyptian government took several steps to collect data for science and technology indicators. Building a capacity for S&T documentation in stakeholder institutions. Planning to conduct surveys to collect science and technology data in Egypt. R&D Surveys R&D Surveys Innovation Survey Innovation Survey Performance Survey Performance Survey Efforts in S&T

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R & D Personnel indicators includes researchers, professionals and individuals concerned with the design and application of new knowledge, products and production processes and regulations, also includes individuals who work in research and development and performing scientific and technical tasks based on the application of ideas and methods under the supervision of researchers R & D Personnel indicators includes researchers, professionals and individuals concerned with the design and application of new knowledge, products and production processes and regulations, also includes individuals who work in research and development and performing scientific and technical tasks based on the application of ideas and methods under the supervision of researchers R & D expenditure Includes total expenditure spent on R&D, as government expenditures on research and development, private non-profit firms and private corporate, and higher education expenditures. It also includes foreign financial contributions. R & D expenditure Includes total expenditure spent on R&D, as government expenditures on research and development, private non-profit firms and private corporate, and higher education expenditures. It also includes foreign financial contributions. R&D Indicators

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www.themegallery.com Number of the Research staff in Research Centers Affiliated to The Ministry Of State for Scientific Research R&D Personnel

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www.themegallery.com The distribution of researchers on the different fields in Egypt 2003 R&D Personnel

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www.themegallery.com Higher Education Indicators Relative distribution of graduates (governmental - private) according to the specialization according to the specialization

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www.themegallery.com Innovation and Technology Indicators The indicators include 4P's : Publications, Patents, Prototypes and Product. They are considered as outputs of science and technology indicators