0:00Skip to 0 minutes and 0 secondsIntroduction My name is Sara Perry and I'm a lecturer and researcher at the University of York and I live a lot of my life both professionally and personally online. I was originally trained in both Canada and the UK as an archaeologist and a visual anthropologist studying how archaeologists deployed different types of media for a variety of audiences both professional and public audiences -- specifically with an interest in visual and digital media -- and through that work I've begun to develop a very, I guess, exposed digital identity. I'm active on Twitter and Facebook, through blogging and other such tools.

0:49Skip to 0 minutes and 49 secondsAnd as a result of all that work I would have to say that I have become very familiar with both the great benefits and the huge risks associated with digital practice.

1:02Skip to 1 minute and 2 secondsI can probably speak about it from a variety of different perspectives but in my own case, it's been very... I guess traumatic one would say. As a PhD student, and then when I was beginning my lectureship at the University of York, I began to receive a series of private messages through my different social media accounts and through my email from colleagues -- in the most cases at different institutions around the world. Those messages concerned my physical appearance and sexuality. They were often very explicit and sometimes incorporated photographs and other such things.

1:47Skip to 1 minute and 47 secondsAnd in the first instance -- the first couple of instances -- when this presented itself I just ignored the problem because I was embarrassed and didn't know what to do. But the fifth time that it happened, I felt like I needed to take action. In that case it was particularly persistent and aggressive and so I did react.

2:21Skip to 2 minutes and 21 secondsand I looked up other individuals: people like Anita Sarkeesian in the US -- associated with Feminist Frequency if anyone follows that -- who produced quite an inspiring set of digital resources for those subject to similar forms of abuse and targeting. And I attempted to learn in part from their experiences.

2:45Skip to 2 minutes and 45 secondsThe difference is however is that those individuals have much visibility and in many cases their perpetrators were unknown or anonymous in some fashion, and in my case I was virtually unknown and knew all of my perpetrators and hence I began to think a lot about what it means to be subjected to such abuse and how it relates to things like gender obviously; to one's status; to your place in your career; to your competencies --

3:17Skip to 3 minutes and 17 secondsand being able to respond to the problems; and also to issues: to the issues of anonymity and whether the person that is or people that are perpetrating the abuse are known or unknown to you.

3:33Skip to 3 minutes and 33 secondsIn my own case I was forced to ask a lot of questions about what it means to be a relatively unknown individual with few tools and a very small support system for grappling with the problems. And I suppose on an individual level it's about teaching people to feel confident; to recognise problems as quickly as possible; to speak very candidly and in the language that it is being communicated to you -- and so not to use terms to cover up the harshness of some of the communications that are taking place.

4:10Skip to 4 minutes and 10 secondsSo in other words, to speak very frankly about it all because I think if we don't practice in that fashion, where we are being very candid about what going on and we don't react immediately, then we are negating the very thing that these online tools are meant to supply to us. Which here means to promote democracy, to promote engagement, and to promote understanding between other individuals.

Managing negative attention

The internet is a wonderful thing, but it can empower people in troubling ways. How can we handle negative comments and behaviours?

The experiences Dr Sara Perry discusses in this video are by no means unique, and they are far from unusual. The act of speaking your mind on the internet can lead you open to all manner of abuse, and this risk is increased for certain groups. Yes, you can ignore some of it. But you can only ignore so much. And let’s be clear: you shouldn’t have to ignore anything of this kind.

Sealioning: named after a Wondermark webcomic, sealions pop up, unsolicited, in your online conversations, and politely asks you to evidence seemingly self-evident points as a means of derailing your original point.

Concern trolling: manifest in ‘helpful’ comments and ‘constructive criticism’, concern trolls operate from a seeming position of support as a means of cushioning their opposing views.

Gish-galloping: drowning out by recourse to a torrent of arguments (often petty). Responding to a gish-galloper’s every comment will demand significant time and effort.

Dogpiling: when the cyber-mob are called in to overwhelm you with a barrage of responses, insults, accusations or threats.

Gaslighting: presenting false information in an attempt to make you doubt your own memory. In terms of online abuse, it extends to questioning the abuse itself, and underplaying its impact; for instance: “You’re not getting all of this abuse”, or “It’s not as bad as you’re making out”.

Feminist Frequency have produced a guide to protecting yourself from online harassment which offers best-practice for online privacy and safety, as well as advice for reporting harassment. As Sara says in the video, it’s important to have the confidence to recognise problems as quickly as possible so that you can speak out against abusers, document their abuse and report them. It’s also important to remember that if someone harasses or threatens you online, it’s not you that is in the wrong. We’ll look in more detail next week at how we all have a responsibility to behave in an ethical way in our digital engagements, to preserve the internet as a liberating, welcoming and inclusive environment.