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THE SUMTER "WATCHMAN", Established April, IS50.
'Be Just and Fear not-Let all the Ends thou Aims't at, be thy Country's, thy God's, and Truth's.
THE TRUE SCUTHRO>\ Established .Tune, 1 86?.
Consolidated Aus. 2, 1881.1
SUMTER, S. C., TUESDAY, JANUARY 31, 1882.
Sew Series-Yoi. I. No. 27.
Puhlislie?. eYcry Tuesday,
-BY TUE
Watchman and Southron Publishing
Company,
SUMTER, S. C.
TERMS :
Two Dollars per annum-in advance.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
One Square, first insertion.SI 00
Every ?subsequent insertion. 50
Contracts "for three months, or longer will
be made*at reduced rates.
All communications which subserve private
nterests will be charged for as advertisements.
Obituaries and tributes of respect will be
charged for.
Marriage notices and notices of deaths pub?
lished free.
For job work or contracts for advertising
address Watchman and Southron, or apply at
the Office, to N. G. OSTE?N,
Business Manager.
F. E. FOLSOM, L. YV. FOLSOM.
F. ? FOLSOM & BRO.
Native-born Sum(o?iian8.
M
3
CO
00
Practical Watchmakers and Jewelers,
Main- Street, opposite John Reid's,
DEALERS IN
Watches, Clocks?
GOLD AND PLATED JEWELRY,
Spectacles, Silver and. Flated "Ware,
FISHING TACKLE,
Sewing Machine Needles, Oils, Etc.
General Repairing done at Conscientious
Prices.
Give cs a cali aad be convinced.
Oct 25_ 3m
GF^iimiTfABLES,
REPUBLICAN-STREET, '
JUST ARRIVED
One Car Load of
CELEBRATED
Old Hickory Wagons,
Manufactured hy the Kentucky Wagon Manu?
facturing Company, of Louisville, Ky.
They are ruade of the best material. bu?
skined workmen. Every Wagon sold guar?
anteed for 12 monti's, they run lighter, and
are ia every respect, as good as any Wagon
made, while at the sam-.- time their price is as
low as Wagons of inferior grade.
Also, ou hand, a fine assortment of
BUGGIES,
OF ALL STYLES AND GRADES,
At mices to suit thc times.
JUST ARRIVED UNE CAR LOAD OF
Fine Kentucky Horses,
some of them extra good drivers-selected
with care for this market.
Oct 25 _ W. M. GRAHAM.
WERAW AND DARLINGTON AND CHERAW
AND SALISBURY RAILROAOS.
PRESIDENT'S OFFICE;,
S?.CI?-TY.'?ILL. is. C.. May 22. ISSI.
ON AXD A FT E it T ii LS I> A T E, T li AI N'S
6a these Roads will run a? follows,-every
except Suad:?y.
Leave Wade?boro.. S 40 a m
Leave Bennett's. 9 00 a tu
Leave Merren. 9 15am
Leave iVeF.trl.in. 9 25 a in
Leave Cheraw._. ll) 15 a ut
Leave Society Hill. 10 50 a m
Lea7e Darlington. ?1 35 a m
Arrive at Florence.12 10 p ta
CP.
Leave Florence. 12 ?0 p in
Leave Darlington..... 1 20 p m
Leave society Hill. 2 10 p ia
Arrive at Cherri<r. 2 >0 p ia
Arrive at Wadesboro. 4 15pm
The freight train will ieare Fl(?reu':e at 6 20 A
M every day except Sunday: niahb-g the rou ml
trip to Cher.iw every day, and to Wadesboro >?>
often as mny bc necessary-keeping out O? thc
way of passenger train.
li h TO'.VX.-KXD. president.
mm K?iNiT,
Direct Im Donation.
PERUVIAN etiww,
Direct from the Agent of the Peruvian Gov?
ernment.
FISH GUANO,
6^3 per cent. Ammonia.
NOVA SCOTIA LAND PLASTES.
South Carolina Ground Phosphate,
Fine Ground and High Grade.
HERMAN BUL WINKLE,
KERR"3 WHARF.
CHARLESTON, S. C.
Jan 17 3m
PAVILION HOTEL,
CHARLESTON S. C.
THIS POPULAR AND CENTRALLY
located HOTEL having beet entirely i
reaovated during the past Summer is now j
ready for the reception of the traveling public. ;
__^I*opa?2.r prices uud li.Ou per d;ty.
Special rates for Commercial Travelers.
E. T. GAILLARD,
Oct 25 _ Proprietor. !
TH?T rnm tmrR?L HOTEL
COLUMBIA, S: C.
HAVING renew*-! my Lease of ;sThe Grand
Central Hotel*' for a term of years, I
beg leave to inform the Public that the House
has been thoroughly re-painted, and is now
furnished with new au?! improved Black
Walnut Fa rn itu te, Wire Spring Reds with
best Hair Mattress???, Velvet and Brussels
Carpets. Electric Annunciators connect with
every room, and the Hotel is cen netted
through the Columbia T?l?phonie Exchange
wit!: every prominent place of business
thrcaghoat thu City. These advantages, with
cptapeteat attendants, warrastme in assuring
the traveling Public as govd accommodations
as the Som!) can afford.
JOHN T. WILLEY, Proprietor.
_Sept 20 Sra
COLUMBIA HOTEL
R. N. LOWRANCE, 1'roprietor
cor J'M ni A.. s. c.
Table, Rooms and Servants First-class.
RATES REASONABLE.
Sept 20--Sm
NAM^mMPS FOR MARKiKG CLOTHING i
"with SfiBjible ink, or for printing visiting
STAMPS OF ANY KI>I> !
Call on C. P. OSIEEN,
At tie Watchman and Southron Office. j
WILMINGTON, COLUMBIA AND
AUGUSTA R. R.
ON and after Jan. 1st, 1SS2, the following
schedule will he run on this Road :
SIGHT EXPRESS AND MAIL TRAIN-. (Daily )
(Nos. 47 West and 4S East.)
Leave Wilmington.10 15 pm
Arrive at Florence... 2 20 a m
Leave Florence. .. 2 50 a m
Leave Sumter. 4 20 a m
Arrive at Columbia. 6 10 a m
Leave Columbia.30 00 p m
Leave Su Later...~.~M ........12 03 a m
Arrive at Florence.................. 1 34 a m
Leave Florcuce....... I 5.2 a m
Arrive at Wilmington. 6 20 a m
This Train stops only at Briukley's, White
vilie. Flemington, Fair Bluff, Marion, Florenoe,
Timmonsville, Mayesville, Sumter, Camden
Junction and Eastover.
THROUGH FREIGHT TRAIN.
Daily, except Sundays.
Leave Florence.: .... ...... ......... ll 40 p m
Leave Sumter . 2 28 a m
Arrive at Columbia. 5 30 a m
Leave Columbia.-..?- .- 5 00 p m
Leave Sumter-.- _ 8 20 p m
Arrive at Florence-....~-.ll 10 p m
LOCAL FREIGHT-(Daily except Sunday.)
Leave Florence... 6 00 a m
Arrive at Sumter.10 55 a m
Leave Sumter.ll 40 a m
Arrive at Columbia. 4 00 p m
Leave Columbia. ......... 7 00 a m
Arrive at Sumter.....ll 15 a m
Leave Sumter.12 15 p m
Arr5ve at "florence. ..... 5 10 p m
A. POPE, G. P. A.
JOIIN F. DIVINE. General Sup't.
Columbia and Greenville Bail Hoad.
PASSENGER DEPARTMENT,
COLUMBIA, S. C., August 31, ISSI.
ON AND AFTER THURSDAY, September
1st, ISSI, Passenger Traius will run as
herewith indicated, upon this road and its
branches-Daily except Sundays :
No. 42 Up Passenger.
Leave Columbia (A).ll 20 a o
Leave Alston..12 26 p m
Leave Newberry........... 1 21 p m
Leave Hodges..-. 3 52 p m
Leave Belton . . 5 05 p m
Arrive at Greenville....... 6 27 p m
No. 43 Down Passenger.
Leave Greenville a:.10 33 a m
Leave Belton.ll 57 a m
Leave Hod-;, s. 1 12 p cr
Leave Newberry. 3 47 p m
Leave Alston. 4 48 p m
Arrive at Columbia (F).. 5 50 p m
SPARTANBURG, UMOS <fc COLUMBIA P.. R.
No. 42 Up Passenger.
Leave Alston.12 40 p m
Leave Spartauburg, S??C Depot (B) 4 03 p m
Arrive Spartanburg R fi B Depot (E) 4 12 p m
No. .43 Down Passenger.
Leave Spartanburg R&D Depot (H) 12 4S p m
Leave Spartanburg S U & C Depot (G) 1 07 p m
Leave Union....... 2 36 p m
Arrive at Alston. 4 36 p m
LAURENS RAIL ROAI>.
Leave Newberry. 3 55 p m
Arrive ai Laurens C. H. 6 45 p m
Leave Laurens C- Ii. S 30 a m
Arrive at Newberry.~.ll 30 a m
ABBEVILLE BRANCH.
Leave Hodges. 3*56 p m
Arrive at Abbeville. 4 46 p m
Leave Abbeville.12 15 p m
Arrive at Hodges. t 05 p m
BLUE RIDGE R. R- & ANDERSON BRANCH.
Leave Belton.5 OS p m
Leave Andersen._. 5 41 p m !
Leave Pendleton. 6 20 p m j
Leave Senaca (C). 7 20 p m !
Arrive at Walhalla. 7 45 p m I
Leave Walhalla,. 9 23 a m i
Leave Seneca (D).... 9 54 a tu I
Leave Pendleton.--.....10 30 a in ?
Leave Anderson-.?..-.ll 12 a m j
Arrive a: Belton.ll 4S a m
On and after above date through cars will be j
run between Columbia and Henderson ville with" |
out change.
CONNECTIONS. j
A-"With South Carolina Rail Road from j
Charleston ; with Wilmington Columbia ?t Au- I
gusta R R from Wilmington and all points north
thereof : with Charlotte, Columbia <fc Augusta
Rai' Road from Charlotte and points north j
thereof.
B-With Ashevble & Spartanburg Rail Road ?
for points in Western N. C. j
C-With A. & C. Div. R & D. R. R..for all |
points South and West.
D-With A. <fc C. Div. R. & D. R. R. from At ?
lan?a and bev?nd. j
E-Whh ? & C. Div. R. & D. R. R. for all j
points South and West.
F-With South Carolina Rail Road for Char
teston ; with Wilmington, Columbia ?fe Augusta j
Rail R?;ad for Wilmington and the North : wi:h ;
Charlotte. Columbia & Augusta Rail Road for j
Charlotte and the North.
G-With Asheville & Spartanburg Rail 3oad
{rom Henderson vibe.
H-With A. A C. Div. R. <fc D. R. R. from
Charlotte & beyond.
Standaid time used is Washington, D. C., j
which is Sfieeu minutes fasrer than Columbia, j
J. W. FRY, Sup't. I
A. POPE. General Passenger Agent.
August Si). ISSI. tf.
South Carolina Railway Co,
COMMENCING JANUARY Stn, 1SS2.
Passenger Trains on Camden Branch will
run as follows, until further notice :
HAST TO COLUMBIA.
Leave Camden. 7 40 a m
Leave Camden Junction. S 45 a m j
An ive at Columbia.10 52 a m |
WEST KR>.M COLUMBIA-DAILY EXCEPT SUNDAYS.
Leave Columbia. 5 15 a ta... 6 00 p m
Arrive Camden Junction, ll 00 a rn... 7 40 p m
Arrive ar Camden. 1 00 p m... S 45 p m
EAST TO CHARLESTON AND AUGUSTA.
Leave Camden. 3 50 p m
Leave Ca ui ilea June'. 5 p m
Arrive at Charleston. 10 30 p tn
Arrive at Augusta. 7 35 a in
WEST FROM CHARLESTON AND AUGUSTA. !
Leave Charleston. 6 15 a m j
Leave Augusta. 4 45 p m I
Arrive Camden June'.ll DO a m j
Arrive at Camden. 1 00 p m i
CONNECTIONS.
Columbia and Greenville Railroad both ways,
for al! points on that Road and on the Spar- j
tan burg. Union and Columbia and Spartanburg j
and Ashville Railroads, also with the Char- I
lotte. Columbia and Augusta Railroad to and i
from all points North by trains leaving Camden ?
at 7 40 m. and arriving at S 45 p m.
Connections made at Augus-'a to all points j
?"Vest and South ; also at Charleston with [
Steamers for New York and Florida-on Wed- \
nesdays and Saturdays.
I rains ou Camden "ranch run daily except j
Sunday. On main line, Columbia and Augusta i
Divisions, trains ron daily. Pullman Cars aro ?
run between Charleston and Washington. Gt;
train* ?irrivia^ ut Oo!u:ubi:i '0:52 .-md depart. '
jr;g -it 0:00 P. M. Local jeepers between
Charleston, Columbia and Anjrusta
On Saturdays ROUND TRIP TICKETS are :
Sold to and from all Stations at one first class J
fare for the round trip -tickets being good till |
Monday noon, to return. Excursion tickets j
good for 10 days are regularly on sale to anti j
from all stations at 6 cents per mile fur round ;
trip.
THROUGH TICKETS to Al points, can be j
purchased by applying to James Jones. Agent j
at Camden. D. C. ALLEN,
General Passenger and Ticket Agent. !
JOHN Bl PECK, General Manager.
Charleston, S. C
NORTH-EASTERN R. R. GO. i
SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICS, !
NORTHEASTERN RAILROAD CO. j
CHARLESTON, S. C., Jan. 23, 1882. j
On and after this date the following Sebe- ?
duJe will bo run, Sundays included :
Leave Charleston. Arrive Florence. j
H '.-o A. ii-..12 55 P. M.
?1 4<i v. X. 2 00 A M.
8 15 P. M.1 30 A. M.
Leave Florence. Arrive Charleston, j
2 40 A. M.O' DO A. M.
11 35 A. M.4 35 p M.
12 10 A. M.9 20 A. M.
Train leaving Florence at 2 4M A. M. will j
step for way passengers.
J. F. DIVINE) Ccn'ISupt. .
P. L. CLEA FOR. Gen'!. Ticket Agent.
ROBERT HOUGH & SONS,
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
Brasuies, Wines ai Whiskies,
44 South-Street, Baltimore, Md. j
December 9 '
[For the Watchman and Southron.]
THE DRUMMER.
-o
Like a ship upon the ocean,
We meet, we speak, we part :
Laden with goods of every kind,
From every clime and mart.
All kinds of customers we meet,
The shy, the tough, the free ;
He that buys heavy and fleet
Is the man we like to see.
Drummers large and drummers small,
Drummers both lean and fat,
Drummers short and drummers tall.
But some with a very bad hat.
There are hotels, too, of every grade,
Some dirty, some neat and clean.
There the drummer lies down to sleep
And of turkey and oyters dream.
In the morning to the table be goes
With appetite sharp and keen,
When alas ! to his sorrow he finds
It is nothing but a dream.
In Sumter town the boys do stop
With Jervey so jolly and kind,
With plenty of turkey and oysters hot,
Just suited to our mind.
Then on the ocean of time we speed
And never forget our trunk.
Of care and sorrow we take no heed
But are always on the jump.
Here we meet, and shake, and part
To meet again no more;
But we hope all to meet again
On the Everlasting Shore.
[From the Sentry.]
MARS.
BY P. A. TOWNE.
The plauet Mais is now one of th<
most conspicous objects in the heav
eus. It is east of the great plane
Jupiter, near the two stars, Castor auc
Pollux in the constellation Gemini
Next to the earth, Mars is the mos
interesting planet in the solar sj'stem
in several respects. Wheo nearest tc
the earth it is less than forty millioi
of miles from us, and it happens that
it is then at the most favorable poinl
for telescopic examination. Venus
comes several million miles nearer the
earth than Mars, but it then present?
a narrow crescent, like that of the
new moon to our vision; whereas
Mars when nearest the earth presents
his full disk to the observer. But thc
point of greatest interest to us, so far
as ^f.ir8 is concerned, is the fact that
its physical characteristics greatly
resemble those of the earth. The
torrid zone of Mars is about fifty-four
degrees wide; that of the earth being
forty-seven. Its poles are twenty
seven and a quarter degrees from the
polar cueles, making each temperate
zone thirty-five and a half degrees
wide. The day in Mars is only forty
minutes longer than our own, and its
year contains six hundred and eighty
five of our days, or a little over six
hundred aud sixty-six of its own days.
Its diameter is about 5,000 miles and
its mean distance from the sun 144,
000,000 miles.
Powerful telescopes and patient ob?
servation have demonstrated thc fact
that Mars is composed of land and
water, but that the preponderance of
land surface is very great. Astrono?
mers have, in fact, been enabled to
construct a map of Mars, which can
be studied as we study the map of
our OWL* earth. Its two largest
bodies of water are called Dawes
Ocean and Delarue Sea; in the latter
of which is a conspicuous island.
Dawes Ocean, in outline, much re?
sembles thc continent of North Amer?
ica. Mars contains four continents
named Hershel, Dawes, Madler and
Secchi. These continents lie along
its equator, at about equal distances
from the poles. The mass of laud
around the r ->rth pole is called Lap?
lace Land and that around the South
pole Lockyer Land. A close study
of the outlines of the land and water
reveals the fact that a traveller on
Mars can pass from almost any point
on its surface to any other point,
without going to sea. A railroad
might also be constructed along the
line of the equator of Mars around
the entire planet, which would re?
quire only- four important bridges.
Both poles of Mars are usually cov?
ered with ice, as we should naturally
expect from the analogies that have
beeu stated, lt has a dense atmos?
phere which is often loaded with
clouds, showing that rivers and lakes
are probable, though too small to be
detected. Its seasons are identical
with our own; though nearly twice
as long.
These physical analogies between
Mars and the eartn compel the con?
clusion that the same vegetable and
animal life lias existed on both planets
during corresponding periods of their
cosmical history. Mart is considerably
smaller than the earth, and it is, as a
consequence, relatively much more
advanced in its planetary career.
Mars is now what the earth will be
in from ten to twenty thousand years.
We may, therefore, give full play to
our imagination without danger of
overestimating the grandeur of its
physical characteristics or the com?
parative superiority of its inhabitants
in their intellectual endowments.
Every conceivable evidence of civili?
zation ought to be found on the little
planet. Its railroads, bridgea, tunnels,
steamboats, water works, etc., are
models of the engineering skill of its
scientific men. Its cities and towns
are marvels of architectural beauty.
Its four principal nations are all re?
publics. To make room for its dense
population, buildings have been car?
ried to a height of twenty stories.
Electric lights take the place of sun?
light whenever the hitter is not
available. Observatories, one thou?
sand feet high, are scattered all over
the planet, and their telescopes have
long since revealed to astronomers
the great facts connected with our
solar system. Possibly their astrono?
mers have even seen, under some
favorable ciro um stances, the singular
creatures called men on our earth.
Telegraphic lines aie available to
every family on Mars. In thc most
important streets, elevated railroads
are as many as five in number, the high?
est being parallel to the eighteenth
story of the dwellings. There is not
a square loot of unoccupied land on
the planet and even the roofs of every
building are utilized in the production
of the most essential vegetable food.
Public parks are numerous, but every
tree or vegetable they contain is cul?
tivated because of esculent rather
than ornamental properties. Mars is
the intensely red planet of our system,
aud why may not its color be ascribed
to the artificial expedients that have
accompanied its advancing steps in
civilization ? The number of inhabi?
tants on Mars cannot be less than ten
trillions, and it is therefore impossible
that the color of the planet can be
ascribed to its natural vegetation.
Astronomical works now have new
matter to add to former accounts of
Mars. In the month of August, 1877,
Mr. Asaph Hall, of Washington, by
the aid of the most powerful refractiog
? telescope which has yet been con
I structed, made the discovery of two
small satellites of Mars. At that time
Mars was nearest the sun in its orbit
around that luminary, and the earth
most remote, while the three bodies
were in a straight line. Hence Mars
and the earth were at their least pos?
sible distance from each other. A
systematic observation of the planet
was begun, and resulted in the dis?
covery of the two smallest planetary
bodies connected with the solar sys?
tem. The satellite Deimus moves
around Mars in thirty hours, eighteen
miuutes, at a distance of 12,570 miles
from tiie surface of the planet. Its
diameter is only six miles. The
satellite Phobus moves around Mars
in seven hours thirty-nine minutes, at
a distance of 3,783 miles from the
surface of the planet. Its diameter is
seven miles. Deimus is then the i
smallest celestial planet whose dia?
meter has been measured, and Phobus
moves around its primary planet in
less than one-third of the time it takes
j that body to turn upon its axis. This
I last fact is at variance with the ideas
we have hitherto been able to enter?
tain of the law of the formation of
celestial bodies. Whilst the sun ap?
pears to move over the sky of Mars
in a slow day of more than twenty
four hours, the satellite Phobus makes
its complete revolution in less than
one-third of a day. From this it must
be a fact that Phobus rises in setting
and sets in rising, that is, it appears
to rise in the west when really it
should be setting, and to set in the
east when it is really rising ! It
passes under Deimus and eclipses it
from time to time, goes through all its
phases in eleven houis, each quarter
not lasting even three hours. What
a singular "world !" It has two
kinds of months, one a little shorter
than the day of Mars, the other one
quarter of that day.
It has beeu suggested that the two
satellites, Deimus and Phobus, are
two asteroids that have been attracted
to Mars quite recently and have be?
come moons by accident rathet than
by laws established on the nebular
hypothesi? of Laplace. Though this
supposition is not necessary to ac?
count for their recent discovery it is
by no means unreasonable. More
than two hundred asteroids are now
named. Their diameters range from
eighty to two hundred miles and it
is likely that thousands exist whose
diameters are too small to be measured
by our best telescopes. Hundreds
too minute to be detected by our in?
struments may be floating around
Jupiter, Mars, the earth, and even
our moon. When they fall upon the
earth we call them meteoric stones,
and there are specimens in our mu?
seums weighing from a thousand
pounds to a few ounces. But what?
ever be the origin of Deimus and
Phobus they are now no doubt very
useful to the inhabitants of Mars in
lighting up its nights.
The great telescope iii Washington
has this winter verified the accuracy
of the measurements announced in
1877, but the two satellites will not
again be seen till 1892, when Mars
will again be at its closest proximity
to thc earth.
Judah P. Benjamin on Con?
federate Bonds.
Mr. S. L. M. Barlow, of New York,
wrote recently to Mr. J. P. Benjamin,
of London, for information concerning
Confederate bonds, which speculators
had made the subject of inquiry on the
rumor that there are vast sums deposi?
ted in the Bank of England and else?
where in Europe. Mr. Benjamin in
reply states that thc Confederate Gov?
ernment never had but two means of
raising money in Europe. One was by
the export of cotton, all of which was
consigned to the house of Fraser, Tren
holm & Co., of Liverpool: the other
was by the loan effected through
Messrs. Erlanger & Co , and Schroder
& Co., the proceeds of which were all
received by Colin J. McKae, the finan?
cial agent of the government. At
the close of the war, the United States
government, claiming the right to re?
ceive the entire asscsts of thc Confede?
rate government, instituted suits against
Fraser, Trenholmn & Co., and against
Mcliae, and ultimately recovered a few
thousand dollars, the firms alluded to
being ruiucd by the litigation. In con?
clusion, Mr. Benjamin says: 'Thc last
payment of coupons on thc Confederate
loan was only effected after great effort
by means of cotton sold through Fraser,
Trcuholm & Co., as all the proceeds of
the loan had long previously been ex?
hausted. The United States Govern?
ment also received some supplies, ma?
chinery, and several vessels; iu fact,
everything that remaiocd from thc
wreck, and I don't believe one penny
is to be found anywhere in Europe of
the assets of the defunct Confederacy.
If anything can ever be recovered by
the bondholders, it can only be by gov?
ern inent action in the United States,
and you can judge better than I if there
is the remotest hope of any such ac?
tion. '
- ? ?
Who is this Creature with Long Hair
and a Wild Eye ? lie is a poet, lie
writes Poems on Spring and Wcmcn's
Eyes and Strange, unreal Things of
that Kind. He is always Wishing he
was Dead, *but he wouldn't Let any?
body Kill him if he could get away. A
mighty good Sausagc-SluiTer was spoil?
ed when thc Man became a Poet. Ile
would Look well Standing under a de?
scending Pile-Driver.-Brooklyn Ar?
gus.
SILK^CULT?BS' IN" TH?" SOUTH.
A New Industry that Promises to Develop
Important Results.
To the editor of the New York Tri
buue.-Sir : The judges iii the silk
manufacturing department of the At?
lanta Exposition took especial pains
to examine closely the goods and tiic
products of silk on exhibition, es
pecially for this reason : They desire
to show to what extent silk goods
are being manufactured in this coun?
try and to report on the qualit}7 of tho
goods now produced, and they desire
especially to call the attention of the
people in the Southern as well as
other portions of the country to thc
fact that while silk goods arc being
largely and successfully manufac?
tured, the raw material is, almost all
of it, imported. This, they think,
should not bo. The sucessfu! growth
of silk has been proven in nearly
every stale in the union, and long be?
fore one pound of American provision
was exported to Europe, exports,
large for that period, of American
silk were made from the southern and
middle states to the mother country.
The popular error that silk culture was
once tried in this country and proved
a failure should be expelled, as it is
not true so far as any of the exoeri
ments in testing the natural elements
were concerned. The growth of the
very best of silk is possible, andean
be made profitable, as has been
proven by those who have tried it.
It is a branch of American industry
that commends itself to all who desire
to see the wealth that grows from it
retained in their own country. This
production is one that especially re?
commends itself to Ameiican women
as a means of gaining wealth. The
exhibit made by them in this depart?
ment does them great credit, and
goes to show what can be done, as
the report of their exhibit will show.
Prom the early settlement of thc
colonies to the present time the culti?
vation of silk here has been more or
less successful : much more so than in i
France or Italy when the first at?
tempts were made to introduce it in
those countries. As early as 1623 j
the cultivation commenced in the
colony of Virginia. In 1759 .the
colony of Georgia exported 10,000
pounds of raw silk, which sold for two
or three shilllings higher per pound
than that of any other country. In
1771 the cultivation was begun in
Pennsylvania and in New Jersey
under the auspices of Franklin and
other enterprising men. In Conneeti
cut the cultivation commenced about
the year 1790, and the value of ra?v
material and sewing-silk made in three
counties in that state in ISIO amount?
ed to $2S,503. In Texas and Cali?
fornia much has been done within the
past few years to establish its success
in those ?tates. These facts are but j :
a few of the many which go to show i
that in nearly every part of this coun
try silk has been produced. The
subject received the most attention <
between the years 1S2S and 1837. Il :
was at this period the government
became so much interested in it. The
committee of agriculture in thc house '
of representatives took the matter
uuder special notice. Commissioners
were appointed, information collected,
and a manual was ordered to be pub?
lished, giving general information as
to the mode of cultivating and manu?
facturing. Acts were passed giving
all necessary protection, and under
the auspices of the government, the
press atid a general popular feeling
on the subject, American silk culture
was going on prosperously.
At this period a raging sp?culation
was going on in the country affecting
nearly every branch of business. Thc
great number of persons embarking at (
once in thc silk business naturally j
made a great demand for mulberry ;
trees, for on this tree the silk worm
feeds. The demand for thc trees and
the advancing price soon attracted 1
the speculators, and so wild did the
people become on the subject that a
mania prevailed in the country, well i
known as the "morus m ul tica ul is :
speculation." Many of the silk grow?
ers lost sight of their legitimate
business, and, like others, were in- i
volved in the ruin that soon followed.
It is here proper to remark that this i
tree speculation had nothing whatever ? i
to do with the legitimate business of)
silk culture, but so connected have ?
they become, even in the minds of the 1
intelligent, that the disasters of both <
are considered one and the same 1
thing; but it is now time that au error
so injurious in its consequences ]
should be disposed of. i
The silk business, when it most
needed the fostering baud of govern?
ment, received a finishing blow by t
an act of Congress taking off all pro- ]
tection. This act is said to have f
been passed to appease Prance when
the demand for the money known as i
the French indemnity was made. The t
evidence on record up lo this date <
proves, beyond a doubt that under a I <
lair protective tariff the silk culture |
in this country is both practicable i t
and profitable. I know of no branch ! 1
of agricultural industry whereby so j t
much was produced to profit with tiie t
same amount ol'labor and capital. 1 j '
would at this time cali the especial j i
attention of my countrymen to the !
fact that some suitable branch of labor <
must be provided for the respectable 1
class of women. Since the war there ?
is a preponderating female population, -
and some suitable employment must <
be provided for it, and in no business
can women more profitably and re- '
spectably be employed than in the I
production of silk. The draft upon j <
our national resources tor imported j
silk lias been one ot groat long.iii tide I
If patriotism and the I? ?ve ol indepen?
dence are tho offspring ol' Arnorica, [:.
let ns unite ourouurts and by tho aid !
of our legislatures, our representatives
and an i n lei i igen t. agrien i I ii ral people, |
at once encourage, protect and ;<ster
the production of American silk.
JV I>V. IN j I KN KV.
Greenville, Tenn., Jan. 7, LS82.
Says a cute observer : 'The man
who stops his paper to economize is
like a mau who goes barefoot to save
his shoes.'
THE LEGISLATURE.
ID the Seriate on Monday a commu?
nication was received from the State
House Keeper stating that the portraits
presented to thc State by Mr. Albert
Gucrry, had been placed in their prop?
er positions in accordance with the reso?
lution on the subject.
At 12 o'clock the Columbia Canal
bill came up on its second reading as !
the spacial order for that hour. Messrs. I
Callison, Smythe and Crayton made j
speeches against it* while it was ably!
defended by Messrs. Henderson, Harl- i
lee and Wylie. Several other short I
speeches were ma.de for and against the I
bill, and an important amendment pro- I
posed by Mr. Callison was agreed to by
a large vote. This amendment is in i
substance that the Directors of the Pen- ?
itentiary shall not expend upon the j
dam more than ?10,000 a year. Sev- !
eral other amendments were suggested
but voted down. The bill was then
passed to a third reading by a very
large vote.
Thc bill to repeal the general stock
law then came up as thc special order,
and was voted down without debate.
At the Dight session the Code was
taken up and read till the hour of ad?
journment.
In the House a bill to provide for the
assessment of property was taken up.
On motiou of Mr. Simonton, the rule
was suspended and the bill was read
the third time by its title and sent to
tho Senate.
Thc election bill was next taken up I
and the rule suspended as to the orig?
inal portion of the bill. The amend?
ment was read and the bill ordered to
be sent to the Senate.
The Committee on Railroads reported
favorably on a bill to prohibit steam
engines, or cars propelled by steam,
from running along the public high- j
ways. This bill seeks to prevent the i
use of steam on the tramway roads in j
the State, many of which have been
chartered at the present session.
TUESDAY, January 24.-The only
discussion in the Senate to-day was on
thc bill to incorporate the Southern
Laud Loau Association. I
Mr. Hadlee moved to amend the j
second section of the bill by making the !
rate of interest seven per cent, instead
of ten per cent.
Mr. Gaillard said that the bill was'
unexceptionable except in the rate of
interest proposed to be charged. Not
one dollar of the capital fund of the as?
sociation was owned by any one in
the State or in the North. The associ?
ation is composed entirely of Eng?
lish capitalists who, haviog found that
thc South offered a profitable field for
investment, arc desirous of placing their j
money here. They are organizing an I
association iu Florida and in other :
States. One of thc great drawbacks J
the South has had to labor under has j
been the inability of the planters to j
secure loans upon real estate. Under \
the charters of the banking institutions
they arc not allowed to lend money
upon real estate security. On this ac?
count the famers have been unable to
secure auy assistance and have been j
forced to depend upon the help they !
have been able to get from the mer- j
chants and other sources at ruinous !
rates of interest. These capitalists pro- j
pose to come here and lend their |
money upon real estate security for a j
term of years. It would really be no ?
more of a discrimination against our j
own money lenders to grant the provis- ?
ions named in the bill than was the I
Act exempting manufacturers from J
taxation, a discrimination against the
private property holders of the State.
There was a wide field open to these
capitalists. The West and other South- j
em States were anxious to get their j
money, and unless the bill should be j
passed they would not place their capt- |
tal ia this State. !
Mr. Gaillard said, also, that it was !
an open secret that although the State
had a usury law fixing the rate of inter?
est at 7 per cent., its provisions were
continually violated, so that the law
was in reality a dead letter.
Mr. Harllec said iu reply that what- ?
ever might bc said about the usury law j
Et was true that it was a law that could j
be enforced. He would gladly see the j
English capitalists come here and had '
?o doubt that they would benefit the ?
planters of the State, but he objected j
to the passage of a bill allowing this j
corporation a larger rate of interest than j
the law allowed to the people of our own j
State. The Act exempting mannfac-1
buring from taxation does not come in I
?ouilict with thc provisions of the usury !
law,
Mr. Callison moved to indefinitely j
lostponc thc motion of Mr. Marilee and j
j pon this the yeas aud nays were taken ; i
Secas 14 ; Nays 17.
On motion of Mr. McQueen the fur- j
her consideration of the measure was J ?
Dostponcd and made the special order j
'or half-past 12 o'clock on Friday. j
In the House the judiciary committee ! i
reported unfavorably a bill to limit the
:imc for bringing actions for the resale j
)f property partitioned by the Probate ; :
>urc and it was placed ou thc calendar. ?
Thc committee on railroads reported !
in favorably a bill to require the estab- : ;
ishmetit of a union passenger depot in ,
he City of Columbia for thc reason that j
he railroads leading iuto thc city are j
low prcpairing to build depots for their j
.espective usc. j
The committee on corporations report- ?
?d favorably all bills recently introduced j
:or the incorporation of new railroads. |
Among these are the Newberry and
Atlantic Railroad Company, the Flor- j
;ucc Railroad Company, thc Aiken and j
Atlantic Seacoast Railroad Company, !
the Spartanburg. Anderson and Atlan- j
ta. Hnilroad Company and the Seaboard [
uni Western Railroad Company.
The Seaboard and Western Railroad, 1
which was reported ou favorably in the !
ll ouse, is to run fron Beaufort through
Aiken, Laurens and Greenville to a
point (Mi the North Carolina line. ;
Messrs. Cary, of Augusta, Gray, of j
Grcenville, aud others arc thc corpo-j
rators.
A report from the secretary of State i
announcing that he had hung the por- j
traits of (Jordon and Calhoun in thc!
House aud Senate, respectively, was rc- j
eeived as information.
Mr. Blake made some remarks high- '
ly complimentary to thc artist, Mr. ?
Querry, after which Col. Siuionton's j
resolution providiug that the Speaki
the House and the President of
Senate be requested and authorize!
procure from some eminent artist
traits of John Belton O'Neall and Ge?
McDuffic, to be hung in the Se
Chamber and Hall of Repr?sent?t]
was taken" up, and Mr. Chandler mc
to amend bj adding the names of I
ert Y. Hayne and Wm. C. Preston
The resolution provoked some dei
in which much difference of opiuion
expressed as to the expediency of
proposed aetioo. Finally, ou motin
Mr. Simpson, the whole matter was
definitely postponed-yeas 61, nays
The general orders were then ta
up and a number of bills were dispc
of. The bill to define the duties
couDty commissioners, school corni
sioners and county treasurers ca
forth considerable debate, and the
was finally passed to a third read
after the adoption of an amendment
quiring county commissioners to
couuty claims pro rata
WEDNESDAY, January 25.-In
Senate the following were passed ;
ordered to be enrolled for ratificatioi
Joint resolution to pay certain cia
of members of the State Constabul
Force for the years 1876 and 1877 ;
for revising aDd consolidating the G
eral Statutes.
The bill to further regulate the i
of intoxicating liquors was killed.
The following were passed to tr
third reading : Bill to amend an i
entitled 'An Act to incorporate
Georgetown and North Carolina IS
row Gauge Railroad Company,' so ai
authorize said company to constr
either broad or narrow gauge over s
portion of the road ; bill to incorpor
the South Carolina Pacific Railv
Company ; bill to provide for the prej
ration of rolls of troops furnished
the State of South Carolina to the ari
of the Confederate States, and of I
militia of the State in active service di
ing the war between the Confeder;
and United States.
In the House reports of committ
were submitted :
Charleston Delegation-Favorable
a concurrent resolution asking our rc
resentatives in Congress to urge the i
propriation of the amount asked for
the engineer to complete the jetties
Charleston harbor.
Agriculture-Unfavorable on bills
encourage the cultivation of grasses, a
the production of wine and beer in t
State; to amend the stock law as
Colleton County. Adopted.
A bill to provide for a convention
the people, to revise and amend t
Constitution of this State was taken u
Mr. Parker moved the indefinite po.s
ponctuent and called for the ayes at
uays, which resulted in ayes 63, na
44, which settles adversely the fate
the convention.
The House then proceedeed to tl
consideration of the several joint res
lutions reported by the Commissio:
embodying proposed amendments to tl
several articles of the Constitution.
The first was a joint resolution
amend Section 2, Article X, of tl
Constitution of this State, so as to pr<
vide for a State Board of Educatioi
and the appointment of County Scho
Commissioners.
This provoked considerable discu
sion, participated in by Messrs. J. 3.
Johnson, Simonton and Murray, i
favor, and Rice, Haskell and Parker i
opposition.
Mr. Murray favored the rcsolutior.
The Legislature at its last session, ha
constituted this commission for the pm
pose of suggesting amendments, then
by indicating their own belief that th
existing Constitution was a bad one an
needed radical changes to adapt it t
the requirements of the people of th
State. With respect to the amendmen
under consideration, he was sure tba
the efficiency of the school system woul
be greatly promoted by its adoption.
Mr Parker dissented from the state
ment of his friend from Anderson tba
the last Legislature had stamped th?
Constitution as a bad instrument an<
that the commission had been consti
tuted upon any such basis. He agreec
in the estimate which the gentlemat
from Aiken, in his speech before the re?
cess, had placed on the Constitution sc
far as he claimed that it did not eman?
ate from the people of South Carolina.
The claim that it was such was the
grossest political lie npon the record ol
history. Instead of 'We, the people of
South Carolina, do ordain,' that instru?
ment should have set out with 'Wc, tho
manumitted {slaves, aided by a few im?
ported carpet-baggers and renegade
South Carolinians, upheld by Federal
bayonets, do ordain this Constitution.'
It was not however, wholly bad, as it
embodied much that commended it to
thc judgement of the people. He was
opposed to the amendment under con?
sideration and thought all those pro?
posed by the commission unwise save
?hat relating to the formation of new
Counties.
The question of indefinite postpone?
ment was then carried by ayes 57,
Days 41.
A joint resolution to amend Section S,
Ai ticleJVIII, of the Constitution of this
State respecting the disqualification of
electors.
Mr. Aldrich made a ringing speech
in favor of this amendment, in which
he showed that the present section of
thc eighth article was framed for thc
very purpose of enfranchising a class of
criminals who were disfranchised by
the law of every other State in the
Union, and that it was due to thc honor
of the State that this blot upon the
fundamental law should now be ex?
punged.
The joint resolution was adopted by
a vote of 101 to 0.
A joint resolution proposing to amend
the Constitution of this State by adding
thereto an article to bc known as Arti?
cle XVII : Of the term of office of mem?
bers of the General Assembly and other
State ofiiccrs.
Mr. Pevorcaux moved to amend Sec?
tion 1 so as to provide for thc election
every third year, with thc view to sepa?
rate the State from thc national election.
Mr. White moved to lay on the table,
which was carried.
Mr. Parker moved to substitute eve?
ry two years, aud said that his amend?
ment proposed to return to the law as
it existed from the formation of the first
Constitution of this State until 1S78.
Mr. Simonton explained that the
proposition of the commission was on the
line of what was proposed bj Mr.Parker.
It was to take out of the Constitution
the fixed day of election and leave it
with the Legislature so as to separate
the Federal and State elections as to
time.
The debate was continued by Mr.
Simpson in favor and Messrs. Dargan
and Hernphill against the amendment,
when on motion ef Mr Haskell it waa
laid on the table.
Mr. Hutson offered an amendment as
Section 3 as follows : 'All County offi?
cers shall hold their County offices for
four years and until theirsuccessors are
elected and qualified/ which was
adopted.
Mr- Dendy moved an amendment
providing for biennial sessions of the
Legislature, which was lost
Mr. Parker moved to make the term
of State officers two years instead of
j four years, which was lost by ayes 83,
nays 23.
Joint resolution as amended was
j ordered to a third reading.
The amendment is as follows :
Section 1. The terms of the Senators
and R preseutatives chosen at a general
election shall begin on the Monday fol?
lowing such election and continue for
four years.
Sec. 2. The Governor, Lieutenant
Governor, Comptroller General, Secre?
tary of State, Treasurer, Attorney Gen?
eral, Adjutaut and Inspector General
! and Superintendant cf Education shall
hold their respective offices for the term
I of four years and until their successors
! shall be elected and qualified.
Sec. 3. All County officers shall hold
their respective offices for the term of
four years and until their successors are
elected and qualified.
j Sec. 4. The general election for mem?
bers of the General Assembly and all
i State Officers shall be held in every
fourth year, at such time, in such rn?"
ner and in such place as the General
Assembly may provide.
Sec. 5. Any provision of this Consti?
tution in conflict with the foregoing
amendment is annulled. That the
? question of adopting this amendment
shall be submitted to the electors as
: follows : Those iu favor of the amend?
ment shall deposit a ballot with the fol?
lowing words printed or writteo thereon:
"Constitutional amendment relating to
the term of office of members of the
General Assembly and of State officers
-Yes." Those opposed to said amend
men t shall cast a ballot with the follow?
ing words printed or written thereon:
''Constitutional amendment relating to
the term of office of members of the
General Assembly and of State officers
-No."
A joint resolution proposing an alter?
ation and amendment to Section 3, Arti?
cle II, of the Constitution of the State
of South Carolina, relating to the form?
ing of new Counties, was laid on the
table-ayes 51, nays 41.
Small-Pox.
We again call the attention of our
readers to the importance of early vac?
cination, in order that they may there?
by secure the measurable protection it
gives against small-pox, and because
I the degree of protection it gives may
now he had without the danger of being
innoculated with some terrible disease,
that has always attended the use of
humanized vaccine. The thirty estab?
lishments in the United States where
vaccine is ta':en direct from thorougly
healthy calves or young cattle, afford
an abundaur supply, stored on ivory
points, and obtainable by all druggists
and physicians, at a very moderate
cost.
The fact of having been vaccinated
years.since does not afford proof of con?
tinued safety, and while successful vac?
cination is not an infallible safeguard
against smallpox, it renders its fatal
termination, if contracted, highly im?
probable.
Vaccination should be avoided when
the system is suffering from manifes?
tations of a tendency to erysipelas or in?
flammation of any kind. As a mle
children while teething should not be
vaccinated.
We also again remind our readers of
the fact that a pinch of powdered sul?
phur put in the foot of each stocking
whenever they are changed, is, to a very
considerable extent, absorbed by the
system, and is a most effective preven?
tive against the contraction cf very
nearly all contagious diseases. Sulphur
purified by precipitation (precipitated
lac sulphur) is the best.
The recent great tide of immigration
to this country has resulted in a great
importation and very general spread of
small-pox. During the year 1880
there were but sixty-seven cases of
smallpox reported in New York city,
while for the year 1S81, there have
been over thirteen hundred cases re?
ported.
Small Pox in Chicago.
CHICAGO, January 20.-S waif pox
has taken a firm hold in this city, and
evidently has come to stay. Dr. De
Wolf remarked to a reporter of the
Inter Ocean, jesterday, that unless peo?
ple will protect themselves by vaccina?
tion, by the first of April, small pox
will be rampant in this city, and man,
women or child will not be safe here.
Though Chicago has enough of small
pox of its own, thc neighboring towns
aud States are doing their best to in?
crease it. Yesterday seven tramps, all
broken out and covered with the filthy
disease, weat to the health office for
treatment. One of them came from
St. Louis, another from Crown Point,
Ind., and the others from other towns.
Those have to be taken care of by Chic?
ago. They cannot bc allowed to run at
large. They also spread the contagion.
Dr. Dc Wolf said that he would not be
surprised to learn that at least thirty
people were infected by these seven
tramps.
--
A remarkable use is being made of
potatoes. The clear, peeled tuber is
masccrated in a solution of sulphuric
acid The result is dried between she.-is
of blotting paper and then pressed. Of
this ali manner of small articles aro
made from combs to collars, and even
billiard balls, for which the hard, bril?
liantly white material is well fitted.