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landmark legislation outlawing discrimination in public facilities, in government, and in employmentbased on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

outlawed the requirement that would-be voters in the United States take literacy tests to qualify to register to vote, and it provided for federal registration of voters -- instead of state or local voter registration which had often been denied to minorities and poor voters -- in areas that had less than 50% of eligible minority voters registered; by LBJ

Black Power

a political slogan which describes the aspiration of those ascribing to varying degrees of black nationalism to acquire full ethnic self-determination of black people. In particular, this regards African-Americans. More generally, the term describes a conscious choice for blacks to nurture and promote their own models of value rather than look for other races to validate them. It calls for blacks to identify their historical struggle and work to help themselves.

Black Muslims

a phrase used primarily in the United States of America, usually to denote members of Louis Farrakhan's separatist Black-nationalist movement, the Nation of Islam. This group's ambiguous relationship with traditional Islam necessitates distinguishing phraseology.

Bakke v. Board of Regents

In the mid 1970's Allan Bakke, a white graduate student, protested his inability to enter medical school at the University of California at Davis. He arugued that affirmative action programs prevented him from entering and were denying him his rights under the 13th and 14th amendments of the Constitution. It was during the 1970's that there were protests of "reverse discrimination" or giving of preference to minorities over "whites" in many facets of life. The court case reached the Supreme Court and was settled by a split 5-4 decison in favor of Bakke. The court said racial quaotas must be eliminated but as Supreme court Justice Lewis Powell commented the " ..race can be a factor but only one of many to achieve a balance." In other words race could not be a decisive factor in admitting or excluding applicants. Affirmative action policies continued but was further defined.

National Organization for Women(NOW)

founded on June 30, 1966 in Washington, D.C., by 28 women and men attending the Third National Conference of the Commission on the Status of Women, the successor to the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women. The founders included Betty Friedan, the author of The Feminine Mystique (1963) and Rev. Pauli Murray, the first African-American woman Episcopal priest. Betty Friedan became the organization's first president;During the 1970s NOW promoted the Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution; American feminist group

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution that would guarantee equal rights under the law for Americans regardless of sex;

Roe v. Wade

was a landmark United States Supreme Court case establishing that most laws against abortion violate a constitutional right to privacy, overturning all state laws outlawing or restricting abortion.

United Farm Workers (UFW)

is a labor union that evolved from unions founded in 1962 by César Chávez, Dolores Huerta, Larry Itliong, and Philip Veracruz. This union changed from a workers' rights organization that helped workers get unemployment insurance to that of a union of farmworkers almost overnight

American Indian Movement (AIM)

is a Native American activist organization in the United States that burst on the international scene with its seizure of the Bureau of Indian Affairs headquarters in Washington, D.C., in 1972 and the 1973 standoff at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation;

Wounded Knee

was the last major armed conflict between the Lakota Sioux and the United States;153 Sioux were killed, including 62 women and small children, as were 25 troopers.

Desert Storm

a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of approximately 30 nations[1] led by the United States and mandated by the United Nations in order to liberate Kuwait;began with the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990, following unproven Iraqi contentions that Kuwait was illegally "slant-drilling" oil across Iraq's border