Kidney function in excretion and osmoregulation, including the countercurrent multiplier

Endocrine system: thyroxine and the hormones of the pancreas as examples of negative feedback control

Nervous system – nerve impulse and synapse; nerve pathways; the autonomic nervous system

Receptors, and the generator potential; eye and ear as sense organs

The neuromuscular junction, and the mechanism of muscle contraction – the sliding filament mechanism

Structure and function of nucleic acids

Molecular genetics, and the mechanism of protein synthesis; genetic engineering

Mendelian genetics, and exceptions to Mendelian laws: prediction of genetic ratios/probabilities, and analysis of family pedigrees

Population genetics – the Hardy-Weinberg equation

Taxonomy – an outline of the main taxonomic groups, and the relationship between evolution and a natural classification system

Bacteria and viruses – overview of treatments for infectious diseases

Population growth, and its analysis

These topics are covered in a problem-solving context, to develop an approach for dealing effectively with new situations. The more mathematical aspects of Biology, such as analysing and interpreting graphs, are an essential part of the exam and they will be covered throughout the course

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