Describe the language socialization practices of Either the Samoans OR the Kaluli (as described in the Ochs and Schieffelin article) and describe how this practices “fit” (makes sense) in this particular society. In other words, how is the process of learning language also the process of learning culture?

According to Ochs and Schieffelin, the process of language acquisition is seen as unaffected by cultural factors such as belief system and social organization. Doing research in language socialization practices in Samoans, they found out that the process of enculturation and socialization do not occur apart from the process of language acquisition, which shows that children acquire language and culture together. Ochs and Schieffelin point out that Samoan society is highly stratified and that social stratification defines the role of individuals in their society by ranking them in terms of title and age. Caregiving is also socially stratified. According to the authors, children are cared for by a number of low status individuals such as the child’s siblings or the mother’s unmarried brother. Socially, the oldest sibling is considered the higher ranking caregiver and the youngest the lower ranking caregiver. This classification will determine the way in which caregiving tasks are carried out and define the way in which verbal interactions are organized. “Pepemeamea” a term meaning “baby thing thing” is used for infants since the day they are born until they are 5 or 6 months old. At this time, the baby stays close to the mother who is helped by other women and children in caregiving tasks. At resting time, the child is close but at the same time separated from others on a pillow enclosed by a mosquito net hanging from a beam or rope. When the child is learning how to walk, he/she spends time at the mother’s arms, even though the baby is still carried by older sibling whose task is to deliver the baby to his/her mother to be fed and comforted. It is...

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...security of their mirrors. The agents of socialization also play an extensive role in how individuals acquire their respective identities (Connolly Identity Theories 25 June 13).
With regards to The Street Children in Russia, the mirrors have proven themselves to be severely lacking and above all else, communicating the wrong messages. Numerous families abandoned their children for economic reasons and thus lived on the streets and abused drugs, negatively impacting how they viewed themselves and others. As a last resort, some orphans were institutionalized for proper care but treated as mentally ill and dependent. The remaining orphans that lived on the streets sought comfort and trust amongst fellow orphans. This also taught the orphans not to trust authority figures that could offer the required assistance but rather take pleasure in the use of drugs. The media, while it did bring attention to the matter, responded to orphans as mentally ill rather than uncared for and needing of serious attention to socialization. (Connolly Socialization 20 June 13).
Perhaps no better than the previous instance if not worse, Genie is another instance where family was cruelly lacking. To save Genie from harm, her mother attempted to care for her but unintentionally did more damage to Genie than she thought. Since Genie was locked in a room for thirteen years and isolated from social interactions and the outside world, Genie never acquired...

... THE CYCLE OF SOCIALIZATION
STUDY THE PHENOMENON OF OPPRESSION
The dictionary definition ((Webster's Third International Dictionary): "Unjust or cruel exercise
of authority or power especially by the imposition of burdens; the condition of being weighed
down; an act of pressing down; a sense of heaviness or obstruction in the body or mind."
HUMAN BEINGS ARE DIFFERENT FROM EACH OTHER
They are all different.
Because each individual is different, each has a different view of the world, a different perspective. They each live in the same world, using the same basic senses with the same basic feelings. This can help them to mutual understanding. But seeing t is same world in different ways can lead to mutual misunderstanding.
From birth, every human gathers a great variety of information about the world. And this information will be different from that gathered by every other human because two individuals can see, hear, smell, taste, touch the same thing and yet describe it differently.
GENDER,ETHNICITY,SKIN COLOR.FIRST LANGUAGE,AGE ABILITY STATUS,SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND ECONOMIC CLASS
Differences of culture, background and experience among individuals and groups. Such differences include, but are not limited to, differences of race, ethnicity, national origin, color, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, and disabilities, as well as political and religious affiliation and socioeconomic status.
OUR...

...What is SocializationSocialization is an integral part of the process every human being, regardless of gender, culture or geographical location, goes through from childhood through adulthood. It is a never-ending process. But it is especially important during the formative years of a person’s life. In brief, socialization can be described as the process by which an individual acquires his or her own personal identity. He or she learns the values, norms, social behavioral patterns and social skills needed to integrate in and become a functioning member of their particular society.
What are The Major Agents of Socialization?
From this simplified definition it can be seen that any attempt to define a set of factors or agents that contribute to the socialization process must differ from culture to culture. However, despite the differences inherent in unique cultures, a number of socialization factors are common to all cultures or have a similar equivalent.
In Western industrial societies, by way of example, it is generally accepted that their are four central agents of socialization. Some researchers claim that there are actually 10 primary socialization agents. The proponents of the four agent model hold that the additional agents are but subsets of the four main socialization agents.
Family: The Primary Social Group That Teaches...

...Socialization
*Why Is Socialization Important Around the Globe?
Socialization is the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society.
-Human Development :
Biology and Society
To be human includes being conscious of ourselves as individual with unique identities, personalities, and relationships with others. As humans, we have ideas, emotions, and values. We have the capacity to think and to make rational decisions.
Sociobiology is the systematic study of how biology affects social behavior(Wilson, 1975). According to the zoologist Edward O. Wilson, who pioneered sociobiology, generic inheritance underlies many forms of social behavior such as war and peace, envy of and concern for others, and competition and cooperation. Most sociologists disagree with the notion that biological principles can be used to explain all human behavior.
-Problems Associated with Social Isolation and Maltreatment
Social environment, then, is a crucial part of an individual's socialization. Even nonhuman primates such as monkeys and chimpanzees need social contact with others of their species in order to develop properly. As we will see, appropriate social contact is even more important for humans.
-Isolation and Nonhuman Primates
Researchers have attempted to demonstrate the effects of social...

...Socialization
The phenomenon of socialization is an interactive process in which people learn the values, attitudes, behaviour, norms and roles seen as appropriate for particular groups of people.
The key to the stability and cohesion of a social structure which shapes what people see as appropriate choices for themselves and others. The most intense periods of socialization are in childhood and adolescence but reinforcement and adjustment continue through life. Through the interaction with others, infants gradually become aware of themselves as individuals. It’s through socialization that people acquire their culture, their specific skills and abilities and a knowledge of what kinds of people they are. Many socio-political theories postulate that socialization provides only a partial explanation for human beliefs and behaviours, maintaining that agents are not 'blank slates' predetermined by their environment. Scientific research provides some evidence that people might be shaped by both social influences and genes.
In order to have a complete general view over socialization, sociologists avail themselves of one or more theories whom the main are :
• Role-learning theory
• Symbolic interactionism
• Psychoanalytic theory
Freud
This sense of obligation can be found also in Freud’ theory. Without considering and discussing about the distinction that he makes between conscious and...

...﻿CHAPTER 4: Socialization
OVERVIEW
Socialization, in the course of our growth and development, is necessary for us to become the kind of people we aspire to be and to live the kind of lives we like.
We need a group in order to become ourselves. Our personality and mind are the products of our interaction with other people because the experience of becoming socialized is the same as the experience of becoming truly human.
SocializationSocialization is a life-long process of learning whereby the individual acquires the accepted beliefs values, sentiments, norms, and behavior of his/her group and society. It is through socialization that the individual becomes a functioning member of his/her group (Medina, 2001).
*Socialization is actually two processes in one: 1.) the process of learning to be competent members of the society, and 2.) the process of developing oneself.
Importance of socializationSocialization is very important to an individual and to society. Here are some reasons why socialization is important.
Human culture is transmitted from one generation to the next.
The young become part of an organized society.
The individual acquires a social self and personality.
The individual learns his/her role in a society.
Knowledge and skills are developed to ensure satisfaction of needs and human survival.
Social Role and...

...1. The key theme in humanistic therapy is
A. emotional expression.
B. self-responsibility.
C. philosophical reasoning.
D. self-criticism.
2. According to psychologist Martin Seligman, depression is largely a response to
A. learned helplessness.
B. manic elation.
C. sexual abuse during childhood.
D. chronic negative circumstances.
3. For the psychologist, abnormal behavior can be thought of as expressing distress of some kind that obstructs one's ability to function. Because this is such a broad definition, it's best to think of the range of behaviors from normal to abnormal as
A. statistical variations.
B. entirely dependent on diagnostic assumptions.
C. observable patterns.
D. lying along a continuum.
4. Which of the following statements regarding the DSM-IV-TR is most accurate?
A. The DSM-IV-TR offers therapists a firm foundation for estimating the degree to which a given individual is afflicted with a
specified disorder.
B. Critics agree that the DSM-IV-TR system of classification has successfully increased the reliability of diagnoses without
necessarily increasing their validity.
C. The DSM-IV-TR offers therapists a means of determining causal factors underlying a specific psychological disorder.
D. Critics of DSM-IV-TR argue that the classification system overemphasizes physiological factors associated with specified
disorders.
5. Xenophobia is to fear of strangers as claustrophobia is to fear of
A. heights.
B. closure.
C. social situations.
D. enclosed spaces.
6....

...﻿Language and Identity
First of all, Identity is the belief as “who we are and how we are” which we all have as individuals and it is based on many fundamental factors such as Ethnic group,
Racial, National, Gendered, Social Class, Language, Sexual and Religious. As it is clear that identity has many essentials and it is not made of just one fact but has something to do with many, I will focus on the relationship especially betweenlanguage and identity in this paper.
The concept of “identity” has talked a lot in many societies these days. It is mainly because world has been becoming more civilized and English is becoming an international language through entire societies dramatically. English has spread around the world and the fact that it is spoken and used to communicate by many non-native
English speakers is raising some controversial questions such as “Do you have to become a native English speaker in your mentality in order to speak a perfect English?”, “Are you a different person when you speak a different language?”, “Can you become a near native speaker without losing who you are when you migrate in other countries?” These questions are interesting to many people who speak more than one language other than their mother tongue because this identity crisis usually happens in second language learning. What I mean by “identity crisis” is that...