Oral Medicine

First reported by Demarquay et al in 1845. Van Der Woude (1954), found autosomal dominant mode of inheritance Janku et al. (1980) traced syndrome through 7 generations. Lip pits, were present in 88% of the affected and were the only manifestation in 64%. Clefts of lip and palate occurred in …

When a person is in a resting state, saliva production is largely produced by the submandibular gland ( 2/3rd ) In contrast, when saliva production is stimulated either via chewing gum or plastic (e.g. parafilm), or through acid stimulation, most of the saliva produced is from the parotid gland( …

HISTORY cancer is found among fossilized bone tumors, human mummies in ancient Egypt, and ancient manuscripts. Growths suggestive of the bone cancer called osteosarcoma have been seen in mummies. Oldest description of cancer dates back to about 3000 BC in egyptian Papyrus. writing says about the disease, “There is …

A variety of nucleic acid biomarkers have been demonstrated for detection of cancer. But these are identified in cancer cell lines or in biopsy specimens. The invasive nature of biopsy makes it unsuitable for cancer screening. More recently mRNA biomarkers in saliva are detected. RNA can enter the oral …

Absorption of drug via the mucous membranes of the oral cavity was noted as early as 1847 by Sobrero, who discovered Nitroglycerin. Systematic studies of oral cavity absorption were first reported by Walton in 1935 and 1944. Reviews of the subject have been provided by Katz and Barr in 1955,Gibaldi …

Image quality of a radiographic image is described as “The subjective judgment by clinician of the overall appearance of a radiograph” The ability of a film to record each point in object as point on film But in radiology this point to point reproduction is never perfect Low kVp …

Periodontium refers to the tissues that invest and support the tooth such as gingiva and alveolar crest. Normal anatomic structures of alveolar bone includes lamina dura, alveolar crest and periodontal ligament space. Lamina dura: in health lamina dura appear as dense radiopaque line around each root. It is a radiographic …

when a beam of photons exits an object and exposes an xray,it chemically changes the photosensitive silver halide crystals in the film emulsion These chemically alters silver bromide crystals constitute the latent image on the film When the silver halide crystals are irradiated x ray photons interact primarily with bromide …

Resorption is a process in which the structure of bone or teeth undergoes destruction due to osteoclastic activity. If resorption occurs in bone the cells are called osteoclast, if resorption occurs in tooth it is called odontoclast. The resorbing cell osteoclast is a multinucleated giant cell formed by …

Interpret: to offer an explanation Interpretation: an explanation Radiographic interpretation : an explanation of what is viewed on dental radiograph. Diagnosis: the identification of a disease by examination or analysis Dental radiographs are essential for diagnostic purposes. All dental radiographs must be carefully reviewed and interpreted. A great deal …

The term cyst like radiolucency-a dark radiographic image that is approximately circular in outline .And smoothly contoured with well defined borders . Occasionally they may be elliptical A thin hyperostotic border of bone may be present. The patterns of marrow spaces vary from person to person and one jaw to …

Major infiltration of the gums by leukemic cells is common in acute myelomonocytic or monocytic leukemia and may be the presenting manifestation. This feature is less frequent in other types of acute leukemia. Noticeable gingival hypertrophy may also result from several drugs—phenytoin, cyclosporine, nifedipine, diltiazem, verapamil, and penicillamine—and from various maladies—scurvy, …

Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. The mean bone mineral density of the L2 to L4 vertebrae was 1.13 with a standard deviation of 0.10. …

The patient gave a history of skin lesions and hoarseness of voice which were present since child hood . The papular skin lesions aggravated 25-30 years back, when he was working in a fabrication industry. He took treatment for these lesions from ESI hospital. It included systemic and topical medication. …

Def: Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is defined as sudden, usually unilateral, severe, brief, stabbing, lancinating, recurring pain in the distribution of one or more branches of fifth cranial nerve. ETIOLOGY Etiology is largely unknown. Possible cause of Trigeminal neuralgia is the vascular compression of the Trigeminal nerve where it enters the …

This paper deals with the anatomy of mandible with specific reference to its growth by condylar growth. Condyle and condylar growth contributes to correct anatomical structure of mandible which in turn gives facial esthetics and masticatory functions. Condylar growth disorders do occur causing defective growth of mandible which results in …

NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT Nutritional intake can be severely compromised with severe oral mucositis. Nutritional intake and weight should be monitored by a dietician, other professional or family caregivers. A soft and liquid diet is well tolerated. PALLIATION FOR DRY MOUTH Sip water to alleviate mouth dryness. Artificial salivary substitutes. Chew …

Pharmocokinetics include Transport of the across the membrane Absorpiton of the drug Distribution of drug Biotranformation or metabolism of drug Excretion of the drug DRUGS ARE TRANSPORTED ACROSS THE MEMBRANES BY Passive diffusion and filtration Specilized transport Passive diffusion : The drug Diffuses across the membrane in the direction …

CONTENTS Image sharpness and resolution Image size distortion[magnification] Image shape distortion Object localization Peripheral egg shell effect Three methods exist for minimizing this loss of image clarity and improving the quality of radiograph Use as small an effective focal spot as practical Increase the distance between the focal spot …