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Introduction
Geographical Position
The History of Russia and it’s Political System
The Places of Interest and Traditions

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Geographical PositionPosition
Recourses
Climate
Regions

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The History of Russia and it’s Political SystemHistory
State System
State Symbols

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The Places of Interest and TraditionsPeople
Traditions
Monuments
Nature
Cities

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PositionRussia is a very large country and lies both in Europe and Asia. It stretches across eleven time zones. It is bordered by Norway and Finland in the north – west, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus and Azerbaijan in the South – west, and Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China along the southern.

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ResourcesRussia is rich in mineral resources. It has deposits of coal, oil, natural gas, iron, gold, nickel, etc. Russia was the most populous state of the former USSR and also the wealthiest one. It produced 78 per cent of all its natural gas, 60 per cent of steel, 80 per cent of timber and 91 per cent of oil.

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ClimateThere are various types of climate on the territory of Russia. Russia is one of the world’s coldest and most northern countries. Winter lasts five months in St. Petersburg, but up to nine months in Siberia, with snow falling even in May and frosts starting in August. It has a tundra climate in the north, the southern part of Russia in the Far East has a monsoon climate with lots of rain, and on the Black Sea the climate is subtropical.

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HistoryThe idea of a freedom – loving nature of the Russians can be proved by the course of Russian history. Russian people had to defend themselves from different enemies: they won a victory over Napoleon (1812), saved the world from fascism (1945). That is why the Russians have strong will and they like freedom very much.

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State System According to the Constitution Russia is a Presidential Republic. The President is elected for four years and is the head of State. At present V. V. Putin is the head of state.
The Russian Federation is set up by the Constitution of 1993 after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Federal Government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. All of them are checked by the President.

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PeopleThe population of Russia is about 150 million people. Over 80 per cent of them are ethnic Russians. 70 per cent of the population live in the cities. There are a lot of nationalities such as Russian. There are also about 5.5 million Tatars, 4.4 million Ukrainians and the ethnic groups of the Volga region, Germans and others. They all speak Russian, but every ethnic group has its own language and culture.

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RUSSIAN CHARACTERTHE RUSSIANS ARE OPEN PEOPLE.
THEY ARE NEITHER RETICENT NOR RESERVED.
RUSSIAN PEOPLE ARE CLEVER AND TALENTED.
RUSSIAN PEOPLE HAVE ALWAYS LOVED THEIR
COUNTRY.
THE HARSH CLIMATE EXPLAINS THE RUSSIANS’
STRENGTH AND THEIR ABILITY TO OVERCOME
HARDSHIPS.
CLIMATE HAS ALSO MADE THEM CAUTIOUS.
THEY ARE FRIENDLY, KIND AND VERY HOSPITABLE.

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BESIDES, THERE ARE OTHER RUSSIAN SYMBOLS
WELL-KNOWN ALL OVER THE WORLD:
RED SQUARE AND THE SPASSKAYA TOWER.
TOURISTS USUALLY BUY SUCH TRADITIONAL RUSSIAN
SOUVENIRS: MATRYOSHKA DOLLS, BEAUTIFULLY PAINTED MUGS,
PLATES AND SPOONS FROM THE VILLAGE OF KHOKHLOMA AND PALEKH BOXES. MATRYOSHKA DOLLS

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MonumentsThere are a lot of monuments to famous people in some Russian cities. Monument to
A.S. Pushkin Monument to
Peter the GreatMonument to
Admiral Nakhimov

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MoscowMoscow is the capital of Russia. It is one of Russia's major cities with the population of about 9 million people.
It attracts tourists from all over the world. Kremlin is the main tourist attraction in Moscow.
St Petersburg.

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St PetersburgSt Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia and one of the most beautiful cities in the world. St Petersburg, a city of great beauty, with palaces, cathedrals, churches, government buildings became the capital.

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NatureThe land of Russia varies from thick forests to barren deserts, from high peaked mountains to deep valleys. The world's deeps lake – lake Baikal, is situated in Russia, too. The scenery of Russia is diverse and amazing. There are many large forests, high mountains, impressive rivers and beautiful lakes. Russia is also famous for its vast steppes and the tundra, “the cold desert” which is in the extreme north.
Lake Baikal

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State SymbolsTwo-Headed Eagle
The Hymn
Three - coloured Banner
Birch and Bear

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Three - coloured Вanner The state symbol of Russia is a three- coloured banner with thee horizontal stripes: white, blue and red. The white stripe symbolizes the earth, the blue one – the sky, and the red one symbolizes liberty.

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The HymnThe hymn of Russia is The Patriotic Song by Mikhail Glinka.

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Two – Headed EagleA new National Emblem is a two-headed eagle which is the most ancient symbol of Russia.

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Birch and Bear.The wildlife and flora are very rich, and the birch tree and the bear have become the symbols of Russia.

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Lake BaikalThe largest lakes are Ladoga and Baikal. Baikal is the deepest lake in the world and its water is the purest on earth.

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THE CAPITAL OF RUSSIATHE MOST ATTRACTIVE MONUMENT OF RED
SQUARE IS ST.BAZIL’S CATHEDRAL.
THERE ARE MORE THAN 80 MUSEUMS IN OUR
CAPITAL.
THE LAGEST MUSEUMS ARE THE PUSHKIN MUSEUM
OF FINE ARTS, THE STATE TRETYAKOV CALLERY, THE
STATE HISTORY MUSEUM THE POLYTECHNICAL
MUSEUM.
MOSCOW IS FAMOUS FOR ITS THEATRES. THE
BEST-KNO WN IS THE BOLSHOI OPERA HOUSE.
THE TRETYAKOV
CALLERYTHERE IS A LOT TO SEE IN RUSSIA, BUT FIRST
OF ALL, FOREIGN TOURISTS VISIT THE CAPITAL
OF COUNTRY, MOSCOW, ITS ECONOMICAL AND
CULTURAL CENTRE.
THEY DREAM OF VISITING RED SQUARE,
WHICH IS CALLED THE HEART OF MOSCOW, THE
KREMLIN-THERE THEY CAN SEE OLDCATHEDRALS, THE BELL TOWER OF IVAN THE
GREAT, THE STATE KREMLIN PALACE, THE TSAR
CANNON AND THE TSAR BELL.
THE KREMLIN

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TEST :DO YOU KNOW RUSSIA? THE FOUNDER OF ST. PETERSBURG WAS :
A) IVAN IV (THE TERRIBLE)
B) PETER THE GREAT
C) CATHERINE THE GREAT
THE ’’GOLD RING OF RUSSIA’’ UNITES :
A) LAKES
B) ISLANDS
C) THE OLDEST TOWNS AND CATHEDRALS
RUSSIAN SPORTSMEN AND WOMEN ARE THE BEST IN :
A) BASKETBALL
B) FOOTBALL
C) FIGURE-SKATING
THE DIAMOND ROOM IS SITUATED IN :
A) MOSCOW KREMLIN
B) NOVGOROD KREMLIN
C) PETERHOF
THE CITY-HOST OF THE 22 OLYMPIC GAMES WAS :
A) BARSELONA
B) MOSCOW
C) ATHENSFOR BREKFAST RUSSIANS USUALLY HAVE :
A) HAMBURGER
B) SANDWICH
C) CEREAL
INDEPENDENCE DAY IN RUSSIANS IS CELEBRATED IN :
A) OCTOBER
B) NOVEMBER
C) JUNE
THE STATE HERMITAGE IS SITUATED IN :
A) MOSCOW
B) ST. RETERSBURG
C) SUZDAL
THE RUSSIAN HEAD OF STATE IS :
A) TSAR
B) PRESIDENT
C) PRIME MINISTER
SAKHALIN IS WASHED BY THE :
A) PACIFIC OCEAN
B) ATLANTIC OCEAN
C) ARCTIC OCEAN

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THE RUSSIAN COAT OF ARMS HAS :
A) TWO- HEADED EAGLE
B) TWO CROWNS
C) TWO CROSSES
IN 1812 THERE WAS A WAR BETWEEN RUSSIA AND :
A) FINLAND
B) FRANCE
C) GERMANY
THIS CITY CAN BE FOUND ON MODERN MAPS :
A) LENINGRAD
B) GORKY
C) YEKATERINBG
M.P. MUSORGSKIY WAS :
A) A SCIENTIST
B) A PAINTER
C) A COMPOSER
THE LAST RUSSIAN EMPEROR WAS :
A) ALEXANDER II
B) NICHOLAS I
C) NICHOLAS II
THE FIRST COSMONAUT WAS :
A) TITOV
B) GAGARIN
C) LEONOV
THE NEAREST RUSSIAN NEIGHBOUR IN THE FAR EAST IS :
A) KOREA
B) JAPAN
C) MONGOLIA
THE RUSSIAN NATIONAL COSTUME IS THE :
A) SCIRT
B) COAT
C) SARAFAN