1978c

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 1, pp. 281-288 (1978).

CRYSTAL SYMMETRY AND FERROMAGNETISM

Abstract: An empirical energy analysis of the nature of ferromagnetism suggests an accompanying high degree of elastic strain, which, however, is incompatible with the observed degree of crystal symmetry and magnetostriction. This is explored on the
assumption that magnetic polarization occurs equally along all axes of symmetry in a ferromagnetic crystal. Equal time sharing of this state between these axes is proposed. As evidence supporting this hypothesis, it is found that it explains the apparent non-quantum
moments of the atoms of iron, nickel and cobalt.

The argument involves a new theoretical concept of what is termed a half-field reaction effect. For example, the effective Bohr magneton quantization of atoms in iron becomes one third times the true quantization Q (that is gQ/3), offset by a half of one third of
the polarization gQ/3, to give 5gQ/18, which, for a gyromagnetic factor g of 2, gives 2.222 Bohr magnetons with Q = 4.00. The experimental value is 2.221.

Commentary: This paper concerns a theme that is the very heart, and was the starting point, of the author's theory. The author's Ph.D. thesis based on his 1950-53 research at Cambridge concerned the loss properties of ferromagnets under mechanical stress. The author evolved a theory which was later to be extended as a model of action in the vacuum medium, but it relied upon orbital electron motion and went against the Dirac 'spin' theory of the electron g-factor. The 1969 book 'Physics without Einstein' presents the ferromagnetic theory in chapter 3 and the g-factor theory in chapter 2. However, the material in the subject paper was not included.

The paper mentions the work of Oxley who had stressed the fact that latent heat properties reveal the presence of enormous internal stresses in a ferromagnet which are relieved once the substance becomes paramagnetic, stresses that are not just those associated with unequal crystal strain. This means that we have to accept that the magnetic internal strains in a ferromagnet are isotropic.

The author's theory follows that theme and explains the electron g-factor as an orbital electron phenomenon. In its turn this meant that the aether itself had to exist as a real medium exhibiting diamagnetic half-field reaction properties. The above paper
developed that idea and confirmed it by making the quantum link with Bohr magneton units. The 3d electrons in iron have a level 2 quantized orbital action. There are two electrons contributing to the ferromagnetic state. Hence Q = 4.00. The g-factor doubling and the time-sharing between three axes, with the reaction field offset gives the 2.222 theoretical maximum quantization, which compares with the measured 2.221 saturation value.

This author sees this as clear evidence in support of his theory. The subject paper was presented as a lecture at a meeting of the Magnetics Group of the German Physical Society held in Salzburg on March 29, 1971. Though abstracted in the printed program of papers, the paper was not adopted for inclusion in the published proceedings of the conference. It is an extremely important paper, which experts on magnetism chose to ignore, presumably because it went against their doctrinaire belief in the Dirac 'half-spin' model of ferromagnetism.

The above, duly edited, version of this paper, which the author, was able to offer to the then-newly-founded periodical Speculations in Science and Technology in 1978 was published some 7 years after it was first written. It describes the physical action that is
the very doorway for the passage of energy between the hidden quantum energy sea and atomic matter. Put in simple language, there can be no magnetic 'grip' between a tiny electric point-like charge 'spinning' in a QED background and the Heisenberg jitter of the
energy sea in space. The 'handle' for that 'grip' is the orderly orbital motion of electrons in the atoms of the ferromagnet.

By adhering to the accepted spin theories of ferromagnetism, physicists have turned their backs on magnetic regeneration technology as a 'free energy' source.