The need to reduce fire risk has led to a significant change in the utilization needs of the Forest Service. Available material has shifted from traditional timber to small trees, woody shrubs, and forest floor debris. Using such materials as fuels, chemicals, and nanoscale materials aligns with national efforts to promote the conservation and health of American forest resources. Research here helps develop commercial uses for this new wood supply. The unit also continues research on improving pulping technologies, paper performance, and the performance of recycled paper.