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Friday, March 23, 2012

The story of Cupid and Psyche continues in Villa Farnesina

Yesterday
I posted about the new exhibit at Castel Sant’Angelo that brings together
dozens of works of art illustrating the fable of Cupid and Psyche. This show,
as I wrote yesterday, particularly interested me because I love the idea of an
exhibit that tells a story. And what a story, with jealousy, diversity,
courage, trust, abandonment, forgiveness and true love conquering all odds,
well, Disney couldn’t have topped it.

Cupid and Psyche, Antonio Canova, 1786-93, Musée du Louvre, Paris

In
fact I have so much to write about it that I am continuing the subject today.
If you are not familiar with the story of Cupid and Psyche, you can read it here. What I find especially inspiring about it is that Psyche, the female
character, is clearly the hero of the story. Cupid may be her “prince Charming”
but it is her story, and it is she who succeeds at Venus’ impossible tasks,
risking her life to be with the man she loves.

This
2nd-century story became popular in during the Renaissance and it
was often the subject of artwork in bedrooms because if its romantic theme, and
because it ends with a wedding banquet. The perfect subject for the art
decorating the bedroom of a newlywed couple.

Loggia of Cupid and Psyche, Villa Farnesina, Rome

One
of the most famous sites to utilize this subject is Villa Farnesina, the
exquisite and rarely visited Renaissance palace in Trastevere. The villa was designed
by Baldassare Perluzzi and built between 1508 and 1512 for the rich Sienese
banker, Agostino Chigi. One of the richest men of his day, Chigi financed the
caprices of many popes and their greedy relations. He was genuinely in love
with his long-time mistress Francesca Ordeaschi, but because of his high social
status, it wasn’t suitable for them to marry. Not being able to find a highborn
woman whom he could bear to spend the rest of his life with, he moved Francesca
into the villa and lived openly with her there. In an unprecedented and bold
social step, they finally married in 1519, a veritable fairy tale not at all
unlike the story of our Cupid and Psyche. Even more unheard of is the fact that the pope, Leo X De' Medici officiated the ceremony.

Portrait of Francesca Ordeaschi as Dorotea, Sebastiano del Piombo

No
surprise then that on occasion of his long-awaited nuptials he had the ceiling
of the villa’s loggia frescoed with scenes from the popular story. Like the
mere mortal Psyche, Francesca was being welcomed into the social stratosphere
of the super-elite, despite being not much more than a courtesan. Apparently
Chigi’s ego didn’t have a problem with him representing himself as a god in
this scenario.

The
walls the loggia are frescoed by several noted artists, most importantly
Raphael, but it’s the ceiling that
illustrates our story. Although Raphel may have been involved in the ceiling’s
design, it is almost entirely the work of his greatest pupils, Giulio Romano, Giovan
Francesco Penni, Raffaellino del Colle and Giovanni da Udine. The ceiling is
gorgeous enough to be satisfying on its own, but when you know the story it
makes it that much more rewarding.

Each spandrel illustrates a different scene from the fable, each one lovelier than the last, and the story in this case begins with Venus pointing out Psyche to Cupid. The frescoes are glorious, a celebration of the high Renaissance style that Raphael inspired. This is one of those places I could spend hours in, just feeding my eyes with the lush details and graceful figures.

Venus shows Cupid Psiche, Raffaellino del Colle

Cupid and the three graces, Giulio Romano

Venus, Ceres and Juno, Giulio Romano

The spandrel above is one of my favorites. I love mythological art because you can always find the symbols of each character somewhere. Juno's symbol is the peacock which you can easily to the right of Venus' legs. Ceres, in the center, is the goddess of grain and harvest and she wears blades of wheat in her hair.

Venus in her carriage, Giulio Romano

Venus and Jupiter, Giovan Francesco Penni

Psyche carried by amorini, Giulio Romano

Psyche and Venus, Giulio Romano

Venus clearly was not expecting Psyche to be able to pull this one off.

Cupid and Jupiter, Giulio Romano

Mercury, Giulio Romano

Mercury and Psiche, Giovan Francesco Penni

It's hard to tear your eyes away from the beautiful figures, but the festoons are every bit as worthy of praise, and were the work of Giovanni da Udine. It's not unusual for subtle sexual messages to be hidden in festoons bursting with fruit and vegetation like these ones. Sometimes it is obvious, even explicit, such as in the fresco of Mercury, right above his hand.

If you think I have an over-active imagination, take a look at the fruit just to the left of the oddly shaped cucumber (?). It is difficult to see here, but it is clearly a fig. If you speak a bit of Italian, you will know I'm not seeing things.

Council of the Gods

In the center of the ceiling, these two large magnificent frescoes crown one of the most splendid, and least-known, wonders of Rome.

Nuptial banquet

This marvelous loggia, along with the other beautifully decorated rooms of the Villa Farnesina, can be visited Monday through Saturday, from 9am to 1pm for only €5. More information here.