In recent years, the rate of global migration has accelerated significantly, with North American countries like Canada and the United States serving as leading destinations for immigrants. Within the North read more…

The human body is home to trillions of bacteria, and the identification of “good microorganisms” in our body – that is, bacteria that boost the immune system and have beneficial implications read more…

More than 100 years ago, French pediatrician Henry Tissier declared that babies were bacteria-free in the womb. Colonization, he claimed, began during the birthing process, not before. While bacterial transmission read more…

The CRISPR/Cas system (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated sequences) is an adaptive immune system found in archaea (extremophiles) and bacteria. Briefly, acquired CRISPR-driven immunity is based on integration of read more…

THE WORLD WITHIN US: LIFE AS A SUPRAORGANISM All organisms exist in the context of others, evolving together and forming symbiotic relationships. These interactions are not limited to different species read more…

The Nobel Prize-winning, immunology pioneer Élie Metchnikoff postulated over one hundred years ago that manipulating the microbiome with host-friendly bacteria could delay senility. The microbiome, which is the ensemble of read more…