Similarly, this butcher’s shop appears to be a reference to the line ‘All flesh is grass’, indicating the fragility and impermanence of life. This too can be seen as ironic, given that the Bible promises all believers in God eternal life. Curiously, this line is from 1 Peter 1:24-25, which is in the New Testament (Gilead is run on Old Testament principles). Other shops Offred is sent to are Loaves and Fishes and Daily Bread, both New Testament references.