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Mario Ds Briggs, one of the chief developers of the DB2-RDF support, has an excellent presentation accessible here . Summary: 1. DB2-RDF support is officially called "NoSQL Graph Support". 2. The API extends the Jena API (Graph layer). Developers familiar with Jena TDB will have the Model layer capabilities they are accustomed to. 3. Although the DB2-RDF functionality is being released with DB2 LUW 10.1 , it is also compatible with DB2 9.7 . 4. Full supports for SPARQL 1.0 and a subset of SPARQL 1.1. Full SPARQL 1.1 support (... [More]

Introduction PROV is a core data model for provenance for building representations of the entities, peoples and processes involved in producing a piece of data or thing in the world. The provenance of digital objects represents their origins. Provenance records contain descriptions of the entities and activities involved in producing and delivering (and otherwise influencing) a given object. PROV is meant to describe how these objects were created or delivered. By knowing the provenance of an object, we can make determinations about how to... [More]

Transitive Verbs A transitive verb demonstrates an action that passes from one entity to another. We might say that the first entity (the subject) commits the action on the second entity (the object). The action is what links the subject to the object. This connection between a subject and an object is considered a triple. The action passes over from the subject to the object. Transitive verbs lend themselves well to triple extraction from unstructured text. The performer of the action is not always the subject of the verb. If the action... [More]

Intransitive Verbs The sentence may be a truncated three words or include a lengthy description, but the action never moves beyond the subject. To use the old riddle, there is no one else in the sentence to hear if the lone tree falling in the forest makes a sound. An intransitive verb can be used to end the sentence. The mayor spoke . The president resigned . The dog barked . Intransitive verbs may be followed by an adverb (something that adds to a verb): The mayor spoke convincingly . The president resigned hastily . The dog barked sharply .... [More]

Two-Place Transitive Verbs (Vg) When we looked at transitive verbs, we saw that action was passed to a single object. We might refer to this as a “one-place” transitive verb as in, all the action passes to one place. In a two place transitive verb, we might reasonably infer that the action passes to two places. Vg transitive verbs are followed immediately by two noun phrases. Each of these noun phrases are equal recipients of the action performed by the subject. The school board NP:Subj gave Vg a raise NP:DObj to the teachers NP:IObj If we... [More]

Triple Extraction from Verbs Verbs are basic to sentences. Verbs determine the other constituents (of the sentence), and define the relationship between these constituents. A verb can tell you that a certain noun phrase functions as a subject, or that another other noun phrase functions as an object, or a predicate noun, or perhaps an object complement. There are six types of verbs that define core sentences. These verbs are differentiated by two criteria: The constituent that follows immediately to its right. The relationship of the verb to... [More]

Two-Place Transitive Verbs (VC) The second two-place transitive verb construction is similar in that the action of the verb is divided equally in two places. Constructions with VC verbs are often more subjective in nature. The ability to express the context of the action (through reification) is a must in this case. Given the business scenarios expressed in the VG section, the loss of one of the triples would have meant the loss of important context. But it would not have impacted the objective truth of what remained. Both: Clark Gable gave... [More]

Linking Verbs Linking verbs are about characteristics. Linking verbs do not express actions. Instead, they connect the subject of the verb to additional information about the subject. In contrast to intranstives , linking verbs cannot end sentences, nor can they be followed immediately by adverbs. These must be followed by either nouns or adjectives, one or the other; those nouns and adjectives may be single words or multiple-word phrases. In addition, linking verbs constitute a small class of probably no more than a few dozen verbs.... [More]

Spatial Relations through Prepositions What is a preposition? Prepositions are function words and characteristically express spatial relations. Like any function word, prepositions are important for the structure they bring to a sentence. A function word has little semantic content of its own and chiefly indicates a grammatical relationship. The extraction of semantics (that is, meaning) from English text is chiefly served by examination of content words. Function words serve an important role in determining the structure of the sentence,... [More]

Chain Rule (Probability) Give any of these word sequences, what is the probability of the next word? Premature optimization is the root of all ____ -Donald Knuth A house divided against itself ____ ____ -Abraham Lincoln The quick brown fox jumped over the ____ ____ _____ -Wm. Shakespeare A friend to all is ____ ____ ____ ____ -Aristotle If you were able to complete these word sequences, it was likely from prior knowledge and exposure to the complete sequence. Not all word sequences are this obvious. But for any given word sequence, it... [More]

The Mechanics and Value of an Ontology Model An Ontology is a "specification of a conceptualization" ( Tom Gruber ). I still don’t understand what this means. This is a difficult definition, and has done little to further the understanding of Ontologies, and how they can help in the enterprise. A far better definition of an Ontology is “a description of things that exist and how they relate to each other” ( Chris Welty ). Ontologies and Natural Language Processing (NLP) can often be seen as two sides of the same coin. An Ontology... [More]

Risk Management Risk management is designed to reduce or eliminate the risk of certain kinds of events happening or having an impact on the business. Risk management is a growth area for companies. In many cases, no longer a best practice but a regulatory requirement. Programs are being expanded around how to manage risk. Many systems are engaged, and need to be, and a lot of owners in different places. Top 5 Types of Risk:
Reputation Regulation IT Network Credit Market CEOs worldwide believe regulatory and reputation risks are the two... [More]

We don't know whether the information we find on the Web is accurate or not . The Dublin Core model describes a resource for the purpose of discovery. The W3C PROV model describes entities and processes involved in producing and delivering that resource. This article introduces the mapping between both models. Rationale for Mapping DC Terms to PROV: This mapping gives insight into the different characteristics of both data models (in particular it explains PROV from a Dublin Core point of view). This mapping can be used to extract PROV data... [More]

Introduction What's the point? I am having a hard time here. I get triples. I get that I want to work with a collection of triples. But what are the main, important differences between a Model, DataSource, Dataset, Graph, and DataSetGraph? What are their lifecycles? Which are designed to be kept alive for a long time, and which should be transient? What triples get persisted, and when? What stays in memory? And how are triples shared (if at all) across these five things? I'll take an RTFM answer, if there's a simple summary that contrasts these... [More]