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Effective Occupied and Vacant Sq. Ft. Effective Occupied and Vacant Sq. Ft. Effective Occupied and VacantSquareFootage in Commercial Buildings in 1992 -- A Useful Benchmark of Commercial Floorspace Vacancy Rates -- Introduction One of the major approaches to analyzing energy use in end-use sectors is to relate energy use to measures of the extent of utilization of the sector, either in absolute terms or in terms relative to some maximum utilization level. For example, vehicle miles traveled is a measure of vehicle utilization in the transportation sector. The percent of maximum production capability at which an industry or an individual plant is operating is a measure of industrial capacity utilization in the industrial sector. For the commercial buildings sector, two concepts that measure how intensely a building is utilized seem to predominate: the number of hours the building is in operation and the amount of floorspace in the building that is occupied (or conversely, the amount that is vacant).

Sample records for vacant square footage from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Physisorption of molecular hydrogen on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is important for its engineering applications and hydrogen energy storage. Using molecular dynamics simulation, we study the physisorption of molecular hydrogen on a SWCNT with a vacant defect, focusing on the effect of the vacant defect size and external parameters such as temperature and pressure. We find that hydrogen can be physisorbed inside a SWCNT through a vacant defect when the defect size is above a threshold. By controlling the size of the defects, we are able to extract hydrogen molecules from a gas mixture and store them inside the SWCNT. We also find that external parameters, such as low temperature and high pressure, enhance the physisorption of hydrogen molecules inside the SWCNT. In addition, the storage efficiency can be improved by introducing more defects, i.e., reducing the number of carbon atoms on the SWCNT.

Backstage Footage from the ARPA-E Summit Backstage Footage from the ARPA-E Summit Backstage Footage from the ARPA-E Summit March 2, 2011 - 6:00am Addthis John Schueler John Schueler Former New Media Specialist, Office of Public Affairs Yesterday morning, Secretary Chu and Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger decided to drop in on a gathering of graduate students at the ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit. Hailing from 30 different campuses, these students have been strong advocates for the sciences at their respective schools and represent the next generation of energy leaders. See what Secretary Chu, Governor Schwarzenegger and ARPA-E Director Arun Majumdar had to say to these talented young scholars during their surprise visit: John Schueler is a New Media Specialist with the Office of Public Affairs. Addthis

1 JPL VIDEOTAPE MASTER LIBRARY Productions and Source footage from November 12, 1971 through May 10 of JPL missions and programs in space science, Earth science and technology development. Copies and describe the proposed use in detail. Requests to use JPL images in advertising or public relations

Urban agriculture in US cities has historically been treated as an interim land use, deemed only appropriate when real estate markets do not support the development of vacant land. However, urban agriculture in the 21st ...

Punnet square Punnet square Name: Pat T Seeman Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: I want to learn any thing and everything about the Punnett square. If any one can tell me about it I would be grateful. Replies: Pat: It would be helpful to know how old you are and what you already know about the Punnet square. In short, it is a mathematical way to predict the possible offspring from two particular parents, given that you know something about their genes. Could you ask something a little more specific, so I'll know exactly what to tell you? Ellen Mayo The Punnet square is a tool used by geneticists and students of genetics to predict the outcome of a cross (mating) between two individuals with a known genotype (set of genes). I suppose it was invented by a person named Punnet (or perhaps his graduate student). The Punnet square is an array of cells that represent all of the possible offspring of the cross. It is made by listing all of the possible gametes (sperm or eggs) of one parent at the head of each column and all of the possible gametes of the other parent at the left of each row of the array. To determine each possible offspring, combine the genotypes of each gamete contributing to a particular offspring (that is, write in a particular cell the genotype of the column and row heading. A simple example to illustrate:

... THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, to prepare and participate in experiments on the 7 GeV proton synchroton at the Rutherford High Energy Laboratory of the National Institute for Research in Nuclear Science ...

... experimental work on the chemical and physical properties and the measurement of performance characteristics of pyrotechnic systems The Ministry of Labour and National Service, Technical and Scientific Register (K), ...

... metallography, electron microscopy or X-ray or electron diffraction techniques, for the determination of thermal and physical properties of metals and alloys ; (Ref. F.583/51/A) ... or PLANT PATHOLOGIST for the Research Division of the Ministry of Agriculture in the SudanThe Sudan Agent in London, Wellington House, Buckingham Gate, London, S.W.I, endorsed ...

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ROBOT CALIBRATION USING LEAST-SQUARES AND P OLAR-DEC OMP O SITION FILTERING Gregory Ioannldes 1-axis robotic manipulators. The method proposed by the authors is based on a least-square estimation of the Yaskawa Motoman Robot was calibrated. The measurements of the Cartesian coordinates of points were

Partial Least Squares (PLS) is a flexible statistical modeling technique that applies to data of any shape. It models relationships between inputs and outputs even when there are more predictors than observations. Using JMP statistical discovery software ...

The invention is an Elmo bumpy type plasma confinement device having a polygonal configuration of closed magnet field lines for improved plasma confinement. In the preferred embodiment, the device is of a square configuration which is referred to as an Elmo bumpy square (EBS). The EBS is formed by four linear magnetic mirror sections each comprising a plurality of axisymmetric assemblies connected in series and linked by 90/sup 0/ sections of a high magnetic field toroidal solenoid type field generating coils. These coils provide corner confinement with a minimum of radial dispersion of the confined plasma to minimize the detrimental effects of the toroidal curvature of the magnetic field. Each corner is formed by a plurality of circular or elliptical coils aligned about the corner radius to provide maximum continuity in the closing of the magnetic field lines about the square configuration confining the plasma within a vacuum vessel located within the various coils forming the square configuration confinement geometry.

, and lifts it to 3D. Hoppe et al. [10] estimate a tangent plane at each sample point using its k a mesh with points near the moving least-squares surface of Q. The method has four steps: 1. Clustering on unorga- nized point clouds without normals. We also present a new method to refine the initial

... Encyclopædia Britannica; Prof. Unwin's “Elements of Machine Design”; Prof. Alexander's “Elementary Applied Mechanics”; &c. It is stated that the moment of ... Applied Mechanics”; &c. It is stated that the moment of resistance of a square bar to torsion appears from Saint-Venant's investigations to be - ...

NEW YORK’S Urban Development Corporation’s plan for Times Square called for four antiurbanistic office towers by Philip Johnson and John Burgee to stand guard like cops on the beat over what was viewed as a sq...

A set of hybrid least squares multivariate spectral analysis methods in which spectral shapes of components or effects not present in the original calibration step are added in a following estimation or calibration step to improve the accuracy of the estimation of the amount of the original components in the sampled mixture. The "hybrid" method herein means a combination of an initial classical least squares analysis calibration step with subsequent analysis by an inverse multivariate analysis method. A "spectral shape" herein means normally the spectral shape of a non-calibrated chemical component in the sample mixture but can also mean the spectral shapes of other sources of spectral variation, including temperature drift, shifts between spectrometers, spectrometer drift, etc. The "shape" can be continuous, discontinuous, or even discrete points illustrative of the particular effect.

0 0 Varnish cache server Home Groups Community Central Green Button Applications Developer Utility Rate FRED: FRee Energy Database More Public Groups Private Groups Features Groups Blog posts Content Stream Documents Discussions Polls Q & A Events Notices My stuff Energy blogs 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation: XID: 2142235190 Varnish cache server square miles Home Sfomail's picture Submitted by Sfomail(48) Member 25 June, 2013 - 12:10 Solar Land Use Data on OpenEI acres csp land use how much land land requirements pv land use solar land use square miles I'm happy to announce that a new report on Solar+Land+Use was just released by the National+Renewable+Energy+Laboratory. You can find a brief summary of the results at the Solar+Land+Use page on OpenEI.

Science is a sub-category of knowledge and hence it must satisfy the general conditions of the primary elements of the knowledge square and its derivatives of belief and analytical squares. As a sub-category of knowledge

A method of multivariate spectral analysis, termed augmented classical least squares (ACLS), provides an improved CLS calibration model when unmodeled sources of spectral variation are contained in a calibration sample set. The ACLS methods use information derived from component or spectral residuals during the CLS calibration to provide an improved calibration-augmented CLS model. The ACLS methods are based on CLS so that they retain the qualitative benefits of CLS, yet they have the flexibility of PLS and other hybrid techniques in that they can define a prediction model even with unmodeled sources of spectral variation that are not explicitly included in the calibration model. The unmodeled sources of spectral variation may be unknown constituents, constituents with unknown concentrations, nonlinear responses, non-uniform and correlated errors, or other sources of spectral variation that are present in the calibration sample spectra. Also, since the various ACLS methods are based on CLS, they can incorporate the new prediction-augmented CLS (PACLS) method of updating the prediction model for new sources of spectral variation contained in the prediction sample set without having to return to the calibration process. The ACLS methods can also be applied to alternating least squares models. The ACLS methods can be applied to all types of multivariate data.

A method of multivariate spectral analysis, termed augmented classical least squares (ACLS), provides an improved CLS calibration model when unmodeled sources of spectral variation are contained in a calibration sample set. The ACLS methods use information derived from component or spectral residuals during the CLS calibration to provide an improved calibration-augmented CLS model. The ACLS methods are based on CLS so that they retain the qualitative benefits of CLS, yet they have the flexibility of PLS and other hybrid techniques in that they can define a prediction model even with unmodeled sources of spectral variation that are not explicitly included in the calibration model. The unmodeled sources of spectral variation may be unknown constituents, constituents with unknown concentrations, nonlinear responses, non-uniform and correlated errors, or other sources of spectral variation that are present in the calibration sample spectra. Also, since the various ACLS methods are based on CLS, they can incorporate the new prediction-augmented CLS (PACLS) method of updating the prediction model for new sources of spectral variation contained in the prediction sample set without having to return to the calibration process. The ACLS methods can also be applied to alternating least squares models. The ACLS methods can be applied to all types of multivariate data.

will inject CO will inject CO 2 into a coalbed methane (CBM) well in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, to assess the capability of mature CBM reservoirs to receive and adsorb large volumes of CO 2 . Injection began at the test site on June 15; the site was selected because it is representative of the 23,000- square-mile Black Warrior Basin located in northwestern Alabama and northeastern Mississippi. It is estimated that this area has the potential to store in the range of 1.1 to 2.3 Gigatons of CO 2 , which is approximately the amount that Alabama's coal-fired power plants emit in two decades. The targeted coal seams range from 940 to 1,800 feet deep and are one to six feet thick. Approximately 240 tons of CO 2 will be injected over a 45- to 60-day period. More information

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Lumenhaus Shows Off Solar in Times Square Lumenhaus Shows Off Solar in Times Square Lumenhaus Shows Off Solar in Times Square February 1, 2010 - 10:00am Addthis Photo by Kelly Shimoda Photo by Kelly Shimoda Joshua DeLung How can I participate? The next Solar Decathlon will be held Sept. 23-Oct. 2, 2011, at the National Mall's West Potomac Park in Washington, D.C. Virginia Tech's Lumenhaus - a net-zero energy, solar-powered, 650-square-foot home - made a stop in New York on its tour, right in the middle of Times Square. The house was previously featured at the U.S. Department of Energy's Solar Decathlon in October, and the team will head to Madrid in June for Solar Decathlon Europe as the only U.S. team to participate in both competitions. While in Times Square, the team and the house were featured on "Good

5: Categorical Exclusion Determination 5: Categorical Exclusion Determination CX-002115: Categorical Exclusion Determination Fos Biofuels CX(s) Applied: B5.1 Date: 04/30/2010 Location(s): Chicago, Illinois Office(s): Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Golden Field Office The Illinois Department of Commerce & Economic Opportunity will provide $219,250 in Recovery Act funds to Fos Biofuels for the construction of a biodiesel production refinery. The refinery will be constructed in a vacant warehouse located at 4808 West Wilson, Chicago, Illinois. The facility is projected to have an annualized capacity of between 250,000 and 500,000 gallons per year. The existing warehouse site has adequate squarefootage, electrical system, and infrastructure to meet production needs. The feedstock for the facility will be local yellow and brown grease collected

Weighted values of interferometric signals are unwrapped by determining the least squares solution of phase unwrapping for unweighted values of the interferometric signals; and then determining the least squares solution of phase unwrapping for weighted values of the interferometric signals by preconditioned conjugate gradient methods using the unweighted solutions as preconditioning values. An output is provided that is representative of the least squares solution of phase unwrapping for weighted values of the interferometric signals.

Weighted values of interferometric signals are unwrapped by determining the least squares solution of phase unwrapping for unweighted values of the interferometric signals; and then determining the least squares solution of phase unwrapping for weighted values of the interferometric signals by preconditioned conjugate gradient methods using the unweighted solutions as preconditioning values. An output is provided that is representative of the least squares solution of phase unwrapping for weighted values of the interferometric signals. 6 figs.

Infinite Hamilton Cycles in Squares of Locally Finite Graphs Agelos Georgakopoulos Abstract We prove Diestel's conjecture that the square G2 of a 2-connected locally finite graph G has a Hamilton if and only if they have distance at most n in G. A Hamilton cycle in a graph is a cycle containing all its

Monte Carlo simulations are performed to determine the critical percolation threshold for interpenetrating square objects in two dimensions and cubic objects in three dimensions. Simulations are performed for two cases: (i) objects whose edges are aligned parallel to one another and (ii) randomly oriented objects. For squares whose edges are aligned, the critical area fraction at the percolation threshold ?c=0.6666±0.0004, while for randomly oriented squares ?c=0.6254±0.0002, 6% smaller. For cubes whose edges are aligned, the critical volume fraction at the percolation threshold ?c=0.2773±0.0002, while for randomly oriented cubes ?c=0.2168±0.0002, 22% smaller.

In this thesis I strive to explore the question, "what is good architecture?" through the design of a facility for formal and informal musical and theatrical performance. The site for this project is in Central Square, ...

Recently, a new method for IIR weighted least squares filter design has been proposed. In this method, the problem of approximating a desired frequency response using a rational function is solved using an iterative approach. After studying...

The electric mean squared radii _E of Lambda(1405) are calculated in the chiral unitary model. We describe the Lambda(1405) as a dynamically generated resonance fully in the octet meson and octet baryon scattering. We also consider ``Lambda(1405)'' as a bound state of KbarN. For the later ``Lambda(1405),'' we obtain negative and larger absolute value of electric mean squared radius than that of ordinary baryons, which implies that Lambda(1405) have structure of widely spread K^- around p.

of the coefficient error l 0&@, & k(2k ? 1) E[n ']T~? (2. 18) where p ? = =maximal eigenvalue of R. In practice, finding p, maybe difficult; however, the maximal eigenvalue of a positive definite matrix can be above bounded by its trace and in this case, tr... large and thus, p is very small. Without these assumptions, some of the analysis breaks down; that is why the "low noise" case is tr?ated separately. Also, it is possible to observe differences in the mean squared error and the variance of the squared...

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CRITICAL ISING ON THE SQUARE LATTICE MIXES IN POLYNOMIAL TIME EYAL LUBETZKY AND ALLAN SLY Abstract. The Ising model is widely regarded as the most studied model of spin-systems in statistical physics and by now the most popular means of sampling the Ising measure. Intensive study throughout the last three

algorithm (RLS) on a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) in the regression setting. This problem hasFast Rates for Regularized Least-squares Algorithm Andrea Caponnetto and Ernesto De Vito AI Memo condition on the regression function. In [3] a covering number technique has been used to obtain explicit

squaring, which is based on representing the exponent in the standard binary numeration system. We show here that for certain applications, replacing the standard system by one based on Fibonacci numbers may, Fibonacci number system, cryptogÂ­ raphy 1. Introduction Modular exponentiation is defined as the task

: The handles p should map directly to q under deformation. (i.e; f(pi) = qi). Â· Smoothness: f should produce be the identity function. (i.e; qi = pi f(v) = v). These properties are very similar to those used in scatteredImage Deformation Using Moving Least Squares Scott Schaefer Texas A&M University Travis Mc

. Sidiropoulos2 and Age K. Smilde3 1 Chemometrics Group, Food Technology, Department of Dairy and Food Science no distributional assumptions are valid (or applied) on the parameters. The algorithm may also more generally homoscedastic, the different magnitudes of different errors can be handled by using weighted least squares

Rectilinear Glass-Cut Dissections of Rectangles to Squares Jurek CzyzowiczÂ§ czyzowic is made using only rectilinear glass-cuts, i.e., vertical or horizontal straight-line cuts separating pieces into two. 1 Introduction A glass-cut of a rectangle is a cut by a straight-line segment

Since 1950 the average US home has grown from 1100 square feet to over 2600 square feet. During this same period the average family size shrunk by a person, meaning that per capita residential squarefootage has more than ...

I summarize the science drivers presented at the workshop for Phase I of the Square Kilometre Array: 'Advancing Astrophysics with the Square Kilometre Array'. I build from the historical perspective of the original Key Science programs: 'Science with a Square Kilometre Array', and consider progress in astrophysics since 2004. I then present my 'score card' of the primary science drivers proposed by the Science Working Groups, and further developed in the white papers and presentations at the meeting, assuming a conservative high frequency of 3GHz. The science case for the SKA phase I is compelling, with the right mix of killer applications (eg. pulsars and gravity, 21cm cosmology), foundational radio astronomy (eg. cosmic magnetism, baryon cycle, high energy phenomena), and high risk-high return 'game-changing' programs (eg. fast radio bursts, BAO intensity mapping, SETI). A strong case was made at the conference for band 5 (4 to 15GHz), in particular in the area of planet formation and exobiology. Such a cap...

The canonical formulation for an action containing a scalar curvature squared term (R2) in arbitrary dimension has been performed in a Robertson-Walker minisuperspace model. The quantum dynamics does not alter significantly from the same in four dimensions, while the continuity equation picks up a particular operator-ordering index. The classical solution is also at par with the one presented by Starobinsky for k=0 and matches with the extremum of the effective potential. Semiclassical approximation peaks around the classical solution.

Dudley Square in Roxbury, Massachusetts serves as the economic and commercial center for Boston's minority community. Between 1650 and 1950 the Dudley Square area grew in importance to become a major economic center outside ...

Square Turing patterns are usually unstable in reaction-diffusion systems and are rarely observed in corresponding experiments and simulations. We report here an example of spontaneous formation of square Turing patterns with the Lengyel-Epstein model of two coupled layers. The squares are found to be a result of the resonance between two supercritical Turing modes with an appropriate ratio. Besides, the spatiotemporal resonance of Turing modes resembles to the mode-locking phenomenon. Analysis of the general amplitude equations for square patterns reveals that the fixed point corresponding to square Turing patterns is stationary when the parameters adopt appropriate values.

Where does RECS squarefootage data come from? Where does RECS squarefootage data come from? RECS 2009 - Release date: July 11, 2012 The size of a home is a fixed characteristic strongly associated with the amount of energy consumed within it, particularly for space heating, air conditioning, lighting, and other appliances. As a part of the Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), trained interviewers measure the squarefootage of each housing unit. RECS squarefootage data allow comparison of homes with varying characteristics. In-person measurements are vital because many alternate data sources, including property tax records, real estate listings, and, respondent estimates use varying definitions and under-estimate squarefootage as defined for the purposes of evaluating residential energy consumption.

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Particle resuspension in a turbulent square duct flow is studied using large eddy simulation combined with Lagrangian particle tracking under conditions of one-way coupling with the particle equation of motion solved with the Stokes drag lift buoyancy and gravitational force terms. Here resuspension is taken to mean the movement of particles in close proximity to the duct walls back in to the mainstream of the flow. The flow considered has a bulk Re = 250 ? k with four particle sizes ranging from 5 to 500 ? ? m examined. The results demonstrate that turbulence-driven secondary flows within the duct play an important role in the resuspension process. In the vertical direction resuspension is promoted by the drag force arising from the secondary flows which is balanced by the gravitational force with this effect increasing with decreasing particle size. In the horizontal direction particle resuspension is promoted by the particle’s inertial force with this effect increasing with increasing particle size. For resuspension in both directions the drag force dominates small particle resuspension while for large particles the lift force is also a contributing factor. In the horizontal direction the effect of the lift force varies with the direction of the secondary flow and becomes more significant when a particle is large or close to the duct wall. The influence of the lift force is also larger in the vertical than in the horizontal direction due to the effects of gravity.

The future of cm and m-wave astronomy lies with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), a telescope under development by a consortium of 17 countries that will be 50 times more sensitive than any existing radio facility. Most of the key science for the SKA will be addressed through large-area imaging of the Universe at frequencies from a few hundred MHz to a few GHz. The Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) is a technology demonstrator aimed in the mid-frequency range, and achieves instantaneous wide-area imaging through the development and deployment of phased-array feed systems on parabolic reflectors. The large field-of-view makes ASKAP an unprecedented synoptic telescope that will make substantial advances in SKA key science. ASKAP will be located at the Murchison Radio Observatory in inland Western Australia, one of the most radio-quiet locations on the Earth and one of two sites selected by the international community as a potential location for the SKA. In this paper, we outline an ambitious science program for ASKAP, examining key science such as understanding the evolution, formation and population of galaxies including our own, understanding the magnetic Universe, revealing the transient radio sky and searching for gravitational waves.

Magnetic fields are a fundamental part of many astrophysical phenomena, but the evolution, structure and origin of magnetic fields are still unresolved problems in physics and astrophysics. When and how were the first fields generated? Are present-day magnetic fields the result of standard dynamo action, or do they represent rapid or recent field amplification through other processes? What role do magnetic fields play in turbulence, cosmic ray acceleration and structure formation? I explain how the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), a next-generation radio telescope, can deliver stunning new data-sets that will address these currently unanswered issues. The foundation for these experiments will be an all-sky survey of rotation measures, in which Faraday rotation toward >10^7 background sources will provide a dense grid for probing magnetism in the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and in distant galaxies, clusters and protogalaxies. Using these data, we can map out the evolution of magnetized structures from redshifts z > 3 to the present, can distinguish between different origins for seed magnetic fields in galaxies, and can develop a detailed model of the magnetic field geometry of the intergalactic medium and of the overall Universe. In addition, the SKA will certainly discover new magnetic phenomena beyond what we can currently predict or imagine.

By the time that the first phase of the Square Kilometre Array is deployed it will be able to perform state of the art Large Scale Structure (LSS) as well as Weak Gravitational Lensing (WGL) measurements of the distribution of matter in the Universe. In this chapter we concentrate on the synergies that result from cross-correlating these different SKA data products as well as external correlation with the weak lensing measurements available from CMB missions. We show that the Dark Energy figures of merit obtained individually from WGL/LSS measurements and their independent combination is significantly increased when their full cross-correlations are taken into account. This is due to the increased knowledge of galaxy bias as a function of redshift as well as the extra information from the different cosmological dependences of the cross-correlations. We show that the cross-correlation between a spectroscopic LSS sample and a weak lensing sample with photometric redshifts can calibrate these same photometric re...

The vast collecting area of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), harnessed by sensitive receivers, flexible digital electronics and increased computational capacity, could permit the most sensitive and exhaustive search for technologically-produced radio emission from advanced extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) ever performed. For example, SKA1-MID will be capable of detecting a source roughly analogous to terrestrial high-power radars (e.g. air route surveillance or ballistic missile warning radars, EIRP (EIRP = equivalent isotropic radiated power, ~10^17 erg sec^-1) at 10 pc in less than 15 minutes, and with a modest four beam SETI observing system could, in one minute, search every star in the primary beam out to ~100 pc for radio emission comparable to that emitted by the Arecibo Planetary Radar (EIRP ~2 x 10^20 erg sec^-1). The flexibility of the signal detection systems used for SETI searches with the SKA will allow new algorithms to be employed that will provide sensitivity to a much wider variety of si...

In a Bayesian framework, the Dirichlet distribution is the conjugate distribution to the multinomial likelihood function, and so the analyst is required to develop a Dirichlet prior that incorporates available information. However, as it is a multiparameter distribution, choosing the Dirichlet parameters is less straight-forward than choosing a prior distribution for a single parameter, such as p in the binomial distribution. In particular, one may wish to incorporate limited information into the prior, resulting in a minimally informative prior distribution that is responsive to updates with sparse data. In the case of binomial p or Poisson, the principle of maximum entropy can be employed to obtain a so-called constrained noninformative prior. However, even in the case of p, such a distribution cannot be written down in closed form, and so an approximate beta distribution is used in the case of p. In the case of the multinomial model with parametric constraints, the approach of maximum entropy does not appear tractable. This paper presents an alternative approach, based on constrained minimization of a least-squares objective function, which leads to a minimally informative Dirichlet prior distribution. The alpha-factor model for common-cause failure, which is widely used in the United States, is the motivation for this approach, and is used to illustrate the method. In this approach to modeling common-cause failure, the alpha-factors, which are the parameters in the underlying multinomial aleatory model for common-cause failure, must be estimated from data that is often quite sparse, because common-cause failures tend to be rare, especially failures of more than two or three components, and so a prior distribution that is responsive to updates with sparse data is needed.

1 PROGRESS ON A NEW EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF THE GRAVITATIONAL INVERSE-SQUARE LAW R.M. BONICALZI, P from an oscillating torsion-pendulum experiment searching for gravitational inverse square law Relativity, i.e. Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. The experiment reported here is designed

Time-independent square patterns in surface-tension-driven BeÂ´nard convection Michael F. Schatza The transition between hexagonal and square patterns is investigated in laboratory experiments on surface-tension, the transition from hexagons to other patterns was unexplored for the surface-tension-driven regime of Be

We present a design of a square invisibility cloak based on triangular transformations. In triangular transformations certain areas of the cloak are squeezed to be infinitesimal in the virtual space. This results in cloak materials whose constitutive parameters are singular. We show rigorously that these prescribed singular materials can be emulated by metamaterials made of stacked positive-negative index slabs. We use numerical simulations to demonstrate the conceived square cloak which in principle can be constructed using only homogenous and non-singular materials. The proposed square invisibility cloak suggests another important application of negative index media.

Supercomputers Crack Sixty-Trillionth Binary Digit of Pi-Squared Supercomputers Crack Sixty-Trillionth Binary Digit of Pi-Squared Supercomputers Crack Sixty-Trillionth Binary Digit of Pi-Squared April 28, 2011 - 11:28am Addthis David H. Bailey | Photo Courtesy of Lawrence Berkely National Lab David H. Bailey | Photo Courtesy of Lawrence Berkely National Lab Linda Vu What are the key facts? Australian researchers have found the sixty-trillionth binary digit of Pi-squared. The calculation would have taken a single computer processor unit (CPU) 1,500 years to calculate, but it took just a few months on IBM's "BlueGene/P" supercomputer, which is designed to run continuously at one quadrillion calculations per second. Pi is one of the most mysterious numbers in mathematics and can never be expressed as a finite decimal number -- humanity will never have

ETHYLENE AS A FACTOR IN SQUARE ABSCISSION AND STUNTING IN FLEAHOPPER INFESTED COTTON A Thesis by JAMES EDWARD DUFFEY Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas ASM University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER... OF SCIENCE May 1978 Major Subject: Plant Physiology ETHYLENE AS A FACTOR IN SQUARE ABSCISSION AND STUNTING IN FLEAHOPPER INFESTED COTTON A Thesis by JAMES EDWARD DUFFEY Approved as to style and content by: (Chairman of Committee) ( ead of D part t...

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Deviation of coal price has great influence on growth of China's economic. Daily coal price indexes in Qinhuangdao were collected. Past twenty days were used to predict next day index. The principal components of twenty days were extracted. The function between output variable and components was fitted by linear, quadratic and exponential model. This improved traditional partial least-squares regression. Traditional method such as multivariate linear regression and polynomial regression were coming into comparing with our method. Improved quadratic partial least-squares obtained the smallest relative errors in mean and variance for ten reserved indexes. Those ten errors had minimum 0.3%, median 3.3% and maximum 9.7%. The ideal forecast precision certified that quadratic partial least-squares was suitable for coal price indexes.

HEAT TRANSFER AND PRESSURE DROP IN SQUARE DUCT WITH TWO OPPOSITE REPEATED RIB-ROUGHENED WALLS A Thesis CHIANG-KUO LEI Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas ARM University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER... OF SCIENCE December 1983 Major Subject: Mechanical Engineering HEAT TRANSFER AND PRESSURE DROP IN SQUARE DUCT WITH TWO OPPOSITE REPEATED RIB-ROUGHENED WALLS A Thesis by CHIANG-KUO LEI Approved as to style and content by: , ~p= jd~. = e-C in Han...

We conducted three torsion-balance experiments to test the gravitational inverse-square law at separations between 9.53 mm and 55 micrometers, probing distances less than the dark-energy length scale $\\lambda_{\\rm d}=\\sqrt[4]{\\hbar c/\\rho_{\\rm d}}\\approx 85 \\mu$m. We find with 95% confidence that the inverse-square law holds ($|\\alpha| \\leq 1$) down to a length scale $\\lambda = 56 \\mu$m and that an extra dimension must have a size $R \\leq 44 \\mu$m.

A least-squares method that solves both the core neutronics design equations and the in-core detector response equations on the least-squares principle is presented as a new advanced online flux-mapping method for CANada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs). The effectiveness of the new flux-mapping method is examined in terms of online flux-mapping calculations with numerically simulated true flux distribution and detector signals and those with the actual core-follow data for the Wolsong CANDU PHWRs in Korea. The effects of core neutronics models as well as the detector failures and uncertainties of measured detector signals on the effectiveness of the least-squares flux-mapping calculations are also examined.The following results are obtained. The least-squares method predicts the flux distribution in better agreement with the simulated true flux distribution than the standard core neutronics calculations by the finite difference method (FDM) computer code without using the detector signals. The adoption of the nonlinear nodal method based on the unified nodal method formulation instead of the FDM results in a significant improvement in prediction accuracy of the flux-mapping calculations. The detector signals estimated from the least-squares flux-mapping calculations are much closer to the measured detector signals than those from the flux synthesis method (FSM), the current online flux-mapping method for CANDU reactors. The effect of detector failures is relatively small so that the plant can tolerate up to 25% of detector failures without seriously affecting the plant operation. The detector signal uncertainties aggravate accuracy of the flux-mapping calculations, yet the effects of signal uncertainties of the order of 1% standard deviation can be tolerable without seriously degrading the prediction accuracy of the least-squares method. The least-squares method is disadvantageous because it requires longer CPU time than the existing FSM. Considering ever-increasing computer speed and the improved operational safety margin of CANDU reactors gained by accurate flux-mapping calculations, however, it is concluded that the least-squares method presents an effective alternative to the existing flux-mapping method for CANDU reactors.

Guidance for Developing Baseline and Annual Water Use Guidance for Developing Baseline and Annual Water Use Guidance for Developing Baseline and Annual Water Use Potable water use intensity is defined as annual potable water use divided by total gross squarefootage of facility space (gal/ft2). The facility gross squarefootage is the same value used for energy use intensity reduction goals. Executive Order (E.O.) 13423 requires Federal agencies to develop a potable water use intensity baseline for fiscal year (FY) 2007. Agencies must report total potable water consumption and gross facility squarefootage against that baseline. To avoid additional reporting requirements, E.O. 13423 does not require agencies to report squarefootage of irrigated turf or landscape. Potable water used for landscape irrigation must be reported in total potable water

The goal of thermal design is to go beyond the comfort zone. In spatial design architects don't just look up squarefootage requirements and then draw a rectangle that satisfies the givens. There must be an interpretation. ...

Below Grade Spaces: Below Grade Spaces: A Look Inside the Remodeling Industry Steve Schirber Cocoon steve@cocoon-solutions.com How do we insulate a basement? How do we insulate a basement? It all starts with the consumer! What is the Consumer buying and why? What is the Consumer buying and why? 1. Squarefootage What is the Consumer buying and why? 1. Squarefootage 2. Finishes What is the Consumer buying and why? 1. Squarefootage 2. Finishes 3. An experience What is the Consumer buying and why? 1. Squarefootage 2. Finishes 3. An experience 4. Performance Who does the Consumer buy from and why? Who does the Consumer buy from and why? 1. DIY/Box store Who does the Consumer buy from and why? 1. DIY/Box store 2. Friend/Relative Who does the Consumer buy from

THE ISING MODEL: PHASE TRANSITION IN A SQUARE LATTICE ALEXANDRE R. PUTTICK Abstract. The aim of this paper is to give a mathematical treatment of the Ising model, named after its orginal contributor Ernst Ising (1925). The paper will present a brief history concerning the early formulation and applications

......SQUARES, CUBES, AND HYPER-CUBES K. A. BROWNLEE P. K. LORAINE The Research Department of the Distillers Company, Ltd. Epsom...CUBES, AND HYPER-CUBES BY K. A. BROWNLFJ? AND P. K. LORAINE The Research Department of the Distillers Company, Ltd......

Researchers often identify robust design as one of the most effective engineering design methods for continuous quality improvement. When more than one quality characteristic is considered, an important question is how to trade off robust design solutions. ... Keywords: Bi-objective robust design, Lexicographic weighted-Tchebycheff method, Mean-squared-error model, Quality control, Weighted-sums method

The initial magnetization curve of square-columnar Josephson-junction arrays is calculated from fundamental laws. It is found that the first vortex entry is controlled by vortex nucleation rather than surface depinning and it occurs at a field greater than that predicted by the traditional surface-barrier theory. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

We use data from our recent search for violations of the gravitational inverse-square law to constrain dilaton, radion and chameleon exchange forces as well as arbitrary vector or scalar interactions. We test the interpretation of the PVLAS effect and a conjectured ``fat graviton'' scenario and constrain the $\\gamma_5$ couplings of pseuodscalar bosons and arbitrary power-law interactions.

. The traditional lattice Boltzmann method on a uniform grid has unreasonably high grid requirements at higher, and in particular, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Lattice Boltzmann method has become a novel alternative of temperature fields in both square [3,4] and tall cavities [5]. Lattice Boltzmann simulations have met

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A modified Born approximation for the spherical square well incorporating Levinson’s theorem and adjusted energies extends the range of validity of the conventional Born approximation to include intermediate incident energies and well depths. These modifications also result in accurate Mie phase shifts for the electromagnetic case for similar ranges of incident energies and effective (or pseudo?) well depths.

DIVERGENCE-FREE AND CURL-FREE WAVELETS ON THE SQUARE FOR NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS SOULEYMANE KADRI Grenoble cedex 9, France August 30, 2011 Abstract We present a construction of divergence-free and curl-free and integration. We introduce new BMRAs and wavelets for the spaces of divergence-free and curl-free vector

the Exponential Decaying Memory (EDM) machine, used in the past for predicting binary sequences, and show bounds consider a class of machines denoted the Degenerated Tracking Memory (DTM) machines that outperform the EDM of individual continuous sequences with square-error loss, using a deterministic finite-state machine (FSM

The self-assembly of paths and squares at temperature 1 Pierre-Â´Etienne Meunier Abstract We prove known upper bound. Non-cooperative self-assembly, also known as "temperature 1", is where tiles bind in algorithmic self-assembly, published by Rothe- mund and Winfree in STOC 2000, in the case where growth starts

Selected pseudo-random-number generators are applied to a Monte Carlo study of the two-dimensional square-lattice site percolation model. A generator suitable for high precision calculations is identified from an application specific test of randomness. After extended computation and analysis, an ostensibly reliable value of pc=0.59274598(4) is obtained for the percolation threshold.

NESTED ITERATION AND FIRST-ORDER SYSTEM LEAST SQUARES FOR INCOMPRESSIBLE, RESISTIVE. This paper develops a nested iteration algorithm to solve time-dependent nonlinear systems of partial a sequence of nested spaces, where the resolution of the approximations increases as the algorithm progresses

Critical line of an anisotropic Ising antiferromagnet on square and honeycomb lattices Xian line of an anisotropic Ising antiferro- magnet on two-dimensional square and honeycomb lattices. We physics is the Ising model in nonzero magnetic field except at one dimension 1,2 . We do not have

FREEZE-FRACTURE AND IMMUNOGOLD ANALYSIS OF AQUAPORIN-4 (AQP4) SQUARE ARRAYS, WITH MODELS OF AQP4 proteins in a tetrameric IMP. Several struc- tural models are considered that incorporate freeze-fracture of AQP4 in "square arrays" of astrocytes and ependymocytes Early freeze-fracture studi

A three-component model of water color including phytoplankton pigment, dissolved organic matter (DOM) and suspended sediments has been developed and applied to coastal waters. A feature of the model is the possibility of varying the parameters describing the spectral backscatter of sediment and the spectral absorption of DOM when inverting the water-leaving radiance model. A linear least-squares technique is used to retrieve optical properties from the water-leaving radiance model. The radiance model is inverted to obtain the optical properties for each set of the parameter values. The set providing the minimum standard error of least squares inversion is taken as the final solution. An analysis of sensitivity of the solution to random radiance measurement errors was carried out. The application of the approach to coastal waters subject to tidal resuspension is discussed.

Vasilkov, A.P. [Management Unit of the Mathematical Models of the North Sea and Scheldt Estuary, Brussels (Belgium)

Quantum anomalies in the inverse square potential are well known and widely investigated. Most prominent is the unbounded increase in oscillations of the particle's state as it approaches the origin when the attractive coupling parameter is greater than the critical value of 1/4. Due to this unphysical divergence in oscillations, we are proposing that the interaction gets screened at short distances making the coupling parameter acquire an effective (renormalized) value that falls within the weak range 0 to 1/4. This prevents the oscillations form growing without limit giving a lower bound to the energy spectrum and forcing the Hamiltonian of the system to be self-adjoint. Technically, this translates into a regularization scheme whereby the inverse square potential is replaced near the origin by another that has the same singularity but with a weak coupling strength. Here, we take the Eckart as the regularizing potential and obtain the corresponding solutions (discrete bound states and continuum scattering states).

Bias plays an important role in factor analysis and is often implicitly made use of, for example, to constrain solutions to factors that conform to physical reality. However, when components are collinear, a large range of solutions may exist that satisfy the basic constraints and fit the data equally well. In such cases, the introduction of mathematical bias through the application of constraints may select solutions that are less than optimal. The biased alternating least squares algorithm of the present invention can offset mathematical bias introduced by constraints in the standard alternating least squares analysis to achieve factor solutions that are most consistent with physical reality. In addition, these methods can be used to explicitly exploit bias to provide alternative views and provide additional insights into spectral data sets.

We prove the equivalence (under some conditions) of two sets of coherent states built for the one-dimensional infinite square well: the so-called generalized and Gaussian Klauder coherent states. We then derive an approximate close expression approaching their probability density and wave function to explore their properties analytically. This process gives thereby explanation of the quasi-classical behavior of these states in terms of the main observables and the Heisenberg uncertainty product

A modified least squares algorithm, preventing the overflow of the discharge grid of weight coefficients of an adaptive transverse filter and guaranteeing stable system operation, is suggested for the tuning of an adaptive system of an actively quenched sound field. Experimental results are provided for an adaptive filter with a modified algorithm in a system of several harmonic components of an actively quenched sound field.

In this paper we present a simple, yet typical simulation in statistical physics, consisting of large scale Monte Carlo simulations followed by an involved statistical analysis of the results. The purpose is to provide an example publication to explore tools for writing reproducible papers. The simulation estimates the critical temperature where the Ising model on the square lattice becomes magnetic to be Tc /J = 2.26934(6) using a finite size scaling analysis of the crossing points of Binder cumulants. We provide a virtual machine which can be used to reproduce all figures and results.

Sub-mm tests of the gravitational inverse-square law are interesting from several quite different perspectives. This paper discusses work by the Eot-Wash group performed since the publication of our initial result in February 2001. We find no evidence for short-range Yukawa interactions. Our results provide an upper limit of 200 micrometers on the size of the largest ``extra'' dimension, and for the unification scenario with 2 large extra dimensions, set an upper limit of 150 micrometers on the size of those dimensions.

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Identification of overlapping isotope patterns in mass spectrometric data is achieved using non-negative least squares/non-negative least absolute deviation regression, and is able to disentangle complicated overlaps of patterns.

A pulse forming network for delivering a high-energy square-wave pulse to a load, including a series of inductive-capacitive sections wherein the capacitors are differentially charged higher further from the load. Each charged capacitor is isolated from adjacent sections and the load by means of a normally open switch at the output of each section. The switch between the load and the closest section to the load is closed to begin discharge of the capacitor in that section into the load. During discharge of each capacitor, the voltage thereacross falls to a predetermined potential with respect to the potential across the capacitor in the next adjacent section further from the load. When this potential is reached, it is used to close the switch in the adjacent section further from the load and thereby apply the charge in that section to the load through the adjacent section toward the load. Each successive section further from the load is sequentially switched in this manner to continuously and evenly supply energy to the load over the period of the pulse, with the differentially charged capacitors providing higher potentials away from the load to compensate for the voltage drop across the resistance of each inductor. This arrangement is low in cost and yet provides a high-energy pulse in an acceptable square-wave form.

Disclosed is a pulse forming network for delivering a high-energy square-wave pulse to a load, including a series of inductive-capacitive sections wherein the capacitors are differentially charged higher further from the load. Each charged capacitor is isolated from adjacent sections and the load by means of a normally open switch at the output of each section. The switch between the load and the closest section to the load is closed to begin discharge of the capacitor in that section into the load. During discharge of each capacitor, the voltage thereacross falls to a predetermined potential with respect to the potential across the capacitor in the next adjacent section further from the load. When this potential is reached, it is used to close the switch in the adjacent section further from the load and thereby apply the charge in that section to the load through the adjacent section toward the load. Each successive section further from the load is sequentially switched in this manner to continuously and evenly supply energy to the load over the period of the pulse, with the differentially charged capacitors providing higher potentials away from the load to compensate for the voltage drop across the resistance of each inductor. This arrangement is low in cost and yet provides a high-energy pulse in an acceptable square-wave form. 5 figs.

...weighted least-squares analysis to determine the best-fit...weighted least-squares analysis can be employed to calculate...be used with greater reliability than linearized approaches...Nonlinear least-squares analysis of nonlinear equations...substrate in a batch reactor can be obtained. The...

An optical architecture implementing the mean-square error correlation algorithm, MSE=.SIGMA.[I-R].sup.2 for discriminating the presence of a reference image R in an input image scene I by computing the mean-square-error between a time-varying reference image signal s.sub.1 (t) and a time-varying input image signal s.sub.2 (t) includes a laser diode light source which is temporally modulated by a double-sideband suppressed-carrier source modulation signal I.sub.1 (t) having the form I.sub.1 (t)=A.sub.1 [1+.sqroot.2m.sub.1 s.sub.1 (t)cos (2.pi.f.sub.o t)] and the modulated light output from the laser diode source is diffracted by an acousto-optic deflector. The resultant intensity of the +1 diffracted order from the acousto-optic device is given by: I.sub.2 (t)=A.sub.2 [+2m.sub.2.sup.2 s.sub.2.sup.2 (t)-2.sqroot.2m.sub.2 (t) cos (2.pi.f.sub.o t] The time integration of the two signals I.sub.1 (t) and I.sub.2 (t) on the CCD deflector plane produces the result R(.tau.) of the mean-square error having the form: R(.tau.)=A.sub.1 A.sub.2 {[T]+[2m.sub.2.sup.2.multidot..intg.s.sub.2.sup.2 (t-.tau.)dt]-[2m.sub.1 m.sub.2 cos (2.tau.f.sub.o .tau.).multidot..intg.s.sub.1 (t)s.sub.2 (t-.tau.)dt]} where: s.sub.1 (t) is the signal input to the diode modulation source: s.sub.2 (t) is the signal input to the AOD modulation source; A.sub.1 is the light intensity; A.sub.2 is the diffraction efficiency; m.sub.1 and m.sub.2 are constants that determine the signal-to-bias ratio; f.sub.o is the frequency offset between the oscillator at f.sub.c and the modulation at f.sub.c +f.sub.o ; and a.sub.o and a.sub.1 are constant chosen to bias the diode source and the acousto-optic deflector into their respective linear operating regions so that the diode source exhibits a linear intensity characteristic and the AOD exhibits a linear amplitude characteristic.

We consider the thermal and critical behavior of the square Ising lattice with frustrated first- and second-neighbor interactions. A low-temperature domain-wall analysis including kinks and dislocations shows that there is a close relation between this classical model and the Hamiltonian of an Ising chain in a transverse field provided that the ratio of the next-nearest–to–nearest-neighbor coupling is close to 1/2. Due to the field-inversion symmetry of the Ising-chain Hamiltonian, the thermal properties of the classical system are symmetrical with respect to this coupling ratio. In the neighborhood of this regime critical exponents of the model turn out to belong to the Ising universality class. Our results are compared with previous Monte Carlo simulations.

The exchange of light pseudoscalars between fermions leads to a spin-independent potential in order g^4, where g is the Yukawa pseudoscalar-fermion coupling constant. This potential gives rise to detectable violations of both the weak equivalence principle (WEP) and the gravitational inverse-square law (ISL), even if g is quite small. We show that when previously derived WEP constraints are combined with those arisingfrom ISL tests, a direct experimental limit on the Yukawa coupling of light pseudoscalars to neutrons can be inferred for the first time (g_n^2/4pi < 1.6 \\times 10^-7), along with a new (and significantly improved) limit on the coupling of light pseudoscalars to protons.

We provide an overview of the science benefits of combining information from the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). We first summarise the capabilities and timeline of the LSST and overview its science goals. We then discuss the science questions in common between the two projects, and how they can be best addressed by combining the data from both telescopes. We describe how weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering studies with LSST and SKA can provide improved constraints on the causes of the cosmological acceleration. We summarise the benefits to galaxy evolution studies of combining deep optical multi-band imaging with radio observations. Finally, we discuss the excellent match between one of the most unique features of the LSST, its temporal cadence in the optical waveband, and the time resolution of the SKA.

Abstract One-class classifiers are widely used to solve the classification problems where control or class modeling of a target class is necessary, e.g., untargeted analysis of food adulterations and frauds, tracing the origins of a food with Protected Denomination of Origin, fault diagnosis, etc. Recently, one-class partial least squares (OCPLS) has been developed and demonstrated to be a useful technique for class modeling. For analysis of nonlinear and outlier-contaminated data, nonlinear and robust OCPLS algorithms are required. This paper describes a free MATLAB toolbox for class modeling using OCPLS classifiers. The toolbox includes ordinary, nonlinear and robust OCPLS methods. The nonlinear algorithm is based on the Gaussian radial basis function (GRBF), and the robust algorithm is based on the partial robust M-regression (PRM). The usage of the toolbox is demonstrated by analysis of a real data set.

Optomechanical devices in which a flexible SiN membrane is placed inside an optical cavity allow for very high finesse and mechanical quality factor in a single device. They also provide fundamentally new functionality: the cavity detuning can be a quadratic function of membrane position. This enables a measurement of "position squared" ($x^2$) and in principle a QND phonon number readout of the membrane. However, the readout achieved using a single transverse cavity mode is not sensitive enough to observe quantum jumps between phonon Fock states. Here we demonstrate an $x^2$-sensitivity that is orders of magnitude stronger using two transverse cavity modes that are nearly degenerate. We derive a first-order perturbation theory to describe the interactions between nearly-degenerate cavity modes and achieve good agreement with our measurements using realistic parameters. We also demonstrate theoretically that the $x^2$-coupling should be easily tunable over a wide range.

We report the results of a study of square aluminum wire networks in a magnetic field. The Tc-versus-(?/?0) phase boundary defined at different points in the resistive transition was measured. When measuring low in the resistive transition, we see fine structure at rational fractions of the flux quantum f=?/?0=p/q, out to q=8. We also measured the field dependence of the resistive transition at many f=?/?0. The effect of the rational fields on the width of the transition is more dramatic than the effect on the phase boundary itself. Using a simple model, we can correctly order the width of the resistive transitions at the commensurate flux fillings.

The synthesis and characterization of discrete, molecular iron-oxo clusters is pursued in the interest of molecular magnets, bioinspired materials and models for the geochemical aqueous-mineral interface. Iron-oxo clusters are challenging to synthesize in water, due to the extremely acidic and reactive nature of dissolved iron species, and thus require chelating ligands to passivate and neutralize the cluster surface. The 2-hydroxy-1,3-N,N,N',N'-diamino-propanetetraacetic acid (HPDTA) ligand has been used to isolate several Al and Fe cluster geometries, including the square clusters Fe{sub 4}(HPDTA){sub 2} and Al{sub 4}(HPDTA){sub 2}. While prior reports on the Fe{sub 4}(HPDTA){sub 2} cluster have focused on the magnetic properties, no solution characterization has been carried out. Using electrospray ionization mass-spectrometry (ESI-MS) we show this anionic Fe{sub 4}(HPDTA){sub 2} cluster can be dissolved intact in water, and recrystallized with virtually any metal as a countercation. The bonding of the metal cation to the square face of the cluster trends with ionic radii of the cations, as shown by structural characterization of Fe{sub 4}(HPDTA){sub 2} with Li{sup +}, Na{sup +}, Cs{sup +}, Mg{sup 2+}, Ba{sup 2+}, La{sup 3+}, Eu{sup 3+}, and Zn{sup 2+}. This trend is similar to that observed for association of cations on metal oxide surfaces in the environment. Furthermore, protonation of the bridging oxo ligands of this series of Fe{sub 4}(HPDTA){sub 2} clusters is variable (0, 1, or 2 protons), and structures as a function of protonation is discussed. This paper, largely structural in nature, sets the foundation for future aqueous phase studies of iron-oxo molecular clusters as models for the oxide-water interface in the natural aqueous environment.

The least squares method (LSM) is used to optimize the coefficients of a closed-form correlation that predicts the annual energy use of buildings based on key envelope design and thermal parameters. Specifically annual energy use is related to a number parameters like the overall heat transfer coefficients of the wall roof and glazing glazing percentage and building surface area. The building used as a case study is a previously energy-audited mosque in a suburb of Kuwait City Kuwait. Energy audit results are used to fine-tune the base case mosque model in the VisualDOE{trade mark serif} software. Subsequently 1625 different cases of mosques with varying parameters were developed and simulated in order to provide the training data sets for the LSM optimizer. Coefficients of the proposed correlation are then optimized using multivariate least squares analysis. The objective is to minimize the difference between the correlation-predicted results and the VisualDOE-simulation results. It was found that the resulting correlation is able to come up with coefficients for the proposed correlation that reduce the difference between the simulated and predicted results to about 0.81%. In terms of the effects of the various parameters the newly-defined weighted surface area parameter was found to have the greatest effect on the normalized annual energy use. Insulating the roofs and walls also had a major effect on the building energy use. The proposed correlation and methodology can be used during preliminary design stages to inexpensively assess the impacts of various design variables on the expected energy use. On the other hand the method can also be used by municipality officials and planners as a tool for recommending energy conservation measures and fine-tuning energy codes.

We treat the behavior of Bose-Einstein condensates in double square well potentials of both equal and different depths. For even depth, symmetry preserving solutions to the relevant nonlinear Schroedinger equation are known, just as in the linear limit. When the nonlinearity is strong enough, symmetry breaking solutions also exist, side by side with the symmetric one. Interestingly, solutions almost entirely localized in one of the wells are known as an extreme case. Here we outline a method for obtaining all these solutions for repulsive interactions. The bifurcation point at which, for critical nonlinearity, the asymmetric solutions branch off from the symmetry preserving ones is found analytically. We also find this bifurcation point and treat the solutions generally via a Josephson junction model. When the confining potential is in the form of two wells of different depth, interesting phenomena appear. This is true of both the occurrence of the bifurcation point for the static solutions and also of the dynamics of phase and amplitude varying solutions. Again a generalization of the Josephson model proves useful. The stability of solutions is treated briefly.

Simulated annealing has been widely used in the solution of optimization problems. As known by many researchers, the global optima cannot be guaranteed to be located by simulated annealing unless a logarithmic cooling schedule is used. However, the logarithmic cooling schedule is so slow that no one can afford to have such a long CPU time. This paper proposes a new stochastic optimization algorithm, the so-called simulated stochastic approximation annealing algorithm, which is a combination of simulated annealing and the stochastic approximation Monte Carlo algorithm. Under the framework of stochastic approximation Markov chain Monte Carlo, it is shown that the new algorithm can work with a cooling schedule in which the temperature can decrease much faster than in the logarithmic cooling schedule, e.g., a square-root cooling schedule, while guaranteeing the global optima to be reached when the temperature tends to zero. The new algorithm has been tested on a few benchmark optimization problems, including feed-forward neural network training and protein-folding. The numerical results indicate that the new algorithm can significantly outperform simulated annealing and other competitors.

While the thermal conductivity of the filled skutterudites has been of great interest it had not been calculated within a microscopic theory. Here a central force, Guggenheim-McGlashen, model with parameters largely extracted from first-principles calculations and from spectroscopic data, specific to LaFe{sub 4} Sb{sub 12} or CoSb{sub 3} , is employed in a Green-Kubo/molecular dynamics calculation of thermal conductivity as a function of temperature. We find that the thermal conductivity of a filled solid is more than a factor of two lower than that of an unfilled solid, assuming the “framework” interatomic force parameters are the same between filled and unfilled solids, and that this decrease is almost entirely due to the cubic anharmonic interaction between filling and framework atoms. In addition, partially as a test of our models, we calculate thermal expansivity and isotropic atomic mean-square displacements using both molecular dynamics and lattice dynamics methods. These quantities are in reasonable agreement with experiment, increasing our confidence in the anharmonic parameters of our models. We also find an anomalously large filling-atom mode Gruneisen parameter that is apparently observed for a filled skutterudite and is observed in a clathrate.

Abstract After psychological trauma, why do some only some parts of the traumatic event return as intrusive memories while others do not? Intrusive memories are key to cognitive behavioural treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder, and an aetiological understanding is warranted. We present here analyses using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and a machine learning classifier to investigate whether peri-traumatic brain activation was able to predict later intrusive memories (i.e. before they had happened). To provide a methodological basis for understanding the context of the current results, we first show how functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an experimental analogue of trauma (a trauma film) via a prospective event-related design was able to capture an individual's later intrusive memories. Results showed widespread increases in brain activation at encoding when viewing a scene in the scanner that would later return as an intrusive memory in the real world. These fMRI results were replicated in a second study. While traditional mass univariate regression analysis highlighted an association between brain processing and symptomatology, this is not the same as prediction. Using MVPA and a machine learning classifier, it was possible to predict later intrusive memories across participants with 68% accuracy, and within a participant with 97% accuracy; i.e. the classifier could identify out of multiple scenes those that would later return as an intrusive memory. We also report here brain networks key in intrusive memory prediction. MVPA opens the possibility of decoding brain activity to reconstruct idiosyncratic cognitive events with relevance to understanding and predicting mental health symptoms.

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PIV flow measurements for heat transfer characterization in two-pass square channels with smooth the correlation between the high- Reynolds number turbulent flow and wall heat transfer characteristics in a two number (Re) of 30,000. The PIV measurement results were compared with the heat transfer experimental data

Cognitive enhancement devices have been supported by positive anecdotal reports, but generally have not undergone rigorous testing. In the following report we tested one such device, the MC Square, which uses Audio-Visual Stimulation (AVS) (synchronised pulsed tones and flickering lights set at an alpha or theta frequency) to entrain neural activity. Its effect on three key cognitive functions (verbal learning, memory, and attention) was tested following a regimen of training with the device. A double blind, placebo controlled (sham device), and crossover design was utilised with pre- and post-testing on the cognitive measures occurring during each phase of the crossover. The primary hypothesis was that after training with the MC Square there would be improvement in verbal memory, associative learning, working memory and attention/concentration. Results showed a statistically reliable improvement on the measure of attention/concentration, the Digit Span Forwards test, following MC Square training. The data suggest the MC Square device provides modest enhancement in the ability to focus, attend, and report information over the short term.

General series solution for finite square-well energy levels for use in wave-packet studies David L a particle is prepared in a spatially localized wave packet instead of in an energy eigenstate, it initially Received 23 July 1999; accepted 11 January 2000 We develop a series solution for the bound-state energy

In this thesis, we perform the measurement of the production of W and Z bosons in proton-proton collisions at [the square root of]s = 7 TeV with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In the LHC, W and Z bosons are produced at ...

In this paper, we present a novel dictionary learning framework for data lying on the manifold of square root densities and apply it to the reconstruction of diffusion propagator (DP) fields given a multi-shell diffusion MRI data set. Unlike most of ... Keywords: DW-MRI, dictionary learning, diffusion propagator reconstruction, manifold

The electric and magnetic bag radiuses of the proton can be determined by MIT bag model based on electric and magnetic form factors of the proton. Also we determined electric and magnetic root mean squared radiuses of the proton, using of bag radius and compared with other results suggests a suitable compatibility.

Purposes: The suppression of noise in x-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging is of clinical relevance for diagnostic image quality and the potential for radiation dose saving. Toward this purpose, statistical noise reduction methods in either the image or projection domain have been proposed, which employ a multiscale decomposition to enhance the performance of noise suppression while maintaining image sharpness. Recognizing the advantages of noise suppression in the projection domain, the authors propose a projection domain multiscale penalized weighted least squares (PWLS) method, in which the angular sampling rate is explicitly taken into consideration to account for the possible variation of interview sampling rate in advanced clinical or preclinical applications. Methods: The projection domain multiscale PWLS method is derived by converting an isotropic diffusion partial differential equation in the image domain into the projection domain, wherein a multiscale decomposition is carried out. With adoption of the Markov random field or soft thresholding objective function, the projection domain multiscale PWLS method deals with noise at each scale. To compensate for the degradation in image sharpness caused by the projection domain multiscale PWLS method, an edge enhancement is carried out following the noise reduction. The performance of the proposed method is experimentally evaluated and verified using the projection data simulated by computer and acquired by a CT scanner. Results: The preliminary results show that the proposed projection domain multiscale PWLS method outperforms the projection domain single-scale PWLS method and the image domain multiscale anisotropic diffusion method in noise reduction. In addition, the proposed method can preserve image sharpness very well while the occurrence of 'salt-and-pepper' noise and mosaic artifacts can be avoided. Conclusions: Since the interview sampling rate is taken into account in the projection domain multiscale decomposition, the proposed method is anticipated to be useful in advanced clinical and preclinical applications where the interview sampling rate varies.

The primary goal of this project is to study and develop robust iterative methods for solving linear systems of equations and least squares systems. The focus of the Minnesota team is on algorithms development, robustness issues, and on tests and validation of the methods on realistic problems. 1. The project begun with an investigation on how to practically update a preconditioner obtained from an ILU-type factorization, when the coefficient matrix changes. 2. We investigated strategies to improve robustness in parallel preconditioners in a specific case of a PDE with discontinuous coefficients. 3. We explored ways to adapt standard preconditioners for solving linear systems arising from the Helmholtz equation. These are often difficult linear systems to solve by iterative methods. 4. We have also worked on purely theoretical issues related to the analysis of Krylov subspace methods for linear systems. 5. We developed an effective strategy for performing ILU factorizations for the case when the matrix is highly indefinite. The strategy uses shifting in some optimal way. The method was extended to the solution of Helmholtz equations by using complex shifts, yielding very good results in many cases. 6. We addressed the difficult problem of preconditioning sparse systems of equations on GPUs. 7. A by-product of the above work is a software package consisting of an iterative solver library for GPUs based on CUDA. This was made publicly available. It was the first such library that offers complete iterative solvers for GPUs. 8. We considered another form of ILU which blends coarsening techniques from Multigrid with algebraic multilevel methods. 9. We have released a new version on our parallel solver - called pARMS [new version is version 3]. As part of this we have tested the code in complex settings - including the solution of Maxwell and Helmholtz equations and for a problem of crystal growth.10. As an application of polynomial preconditioning we considered the problem of evaluating f(A)v which arises in statistical sampling. 11. As an application to the methods we developed, we tackled the problem of computing the diagonal of the inverse of a matrix. This arises in statistical applications as well as in many applications in physics. We explored probing methods as well as domain-decomposition type methods. 12. A collaboration with researchers from Toulouse, France, considered the important problem of computing the Schur complement in a domain-decomposition approach. 13. We explored new ways of preconditioning linear systems, based on low-rank approximations.

and greenhouse gas pollutants. In this paper, a non-square multivariable controller for the air-path systemDecentralized robust control-system for a non-square MIMO system, the air-path of a turbocharged the performance of the proposed control-system. Keywords: Diesel engine air path, Robust control, CRONE

Square billiards are quantum systems complying with the dynamical quantum-classical correspondence. Hence an initially localized wavefunction launched along a classical periodic orbit evolves along that orbit, the spreading of the quantum amplitude being controlled by the spread of the corresponding classical statistical distribution. We investigate wavepacket dynamics and compute the corresponding de Broglie-Bohm trajectories in the quantum square billiard. We also determine the trajectories and statistical distribution dynamics for the equivalent classical billiard. Individual Bohmian trajectories follow the streamlines of the probability flow and are generically non-classical. This can also hold even for short times, when the wavepacket is still localized along a classical trajectory. This generic feature of Bohmian trajectories is expected to hold in the classical limit. We further argue that in this context decoherence cannot constitute a viable solution in order to recover classicality.

The gravitational effect of vacuum polarization in space exterior to a particle in (2+1)-dimensional Einstein theory is investigated. In the weak field limit this gravitational field corresponds to an inverse square law of gravitational attraction, even though the gravitational mass of the quantum vacuum is negative. The paradox is resolved by considering a particle of finite extension and taking into account the vacuum polarization in its interior.

A Generalized Subspace-Least Mean Square (GSLMS) method is presented for accurate and robust estimation of oscillation modes from exponentially damped power system signals. The method is based on orthogonality of signal and noise eigenvectors of the signal autocorrelation matrix. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation and compared with Prony method. Test results show that the GSLMS is highly resilient to noise and significantly dominates Prony method in tracking power system modes under noisy environments.

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, but it yielded insufficient RH control during cloudy weather. Furthermore, AC energy use peaks during the utility’s peak demand period. Running the AC system for two hours a day (3-5 AM) yielded effective and energy efficient RH control. Operation of a...

values of E (!~) Let I = I~ bise( w Xs SIC M & Z5 %in 5d. w which we can safely do since current through the thyrite is in phase with the applied voltage, thus indicating an ab- sence of even harmonics. For a symmetrical wave, the value of any.... This is accomplished by the intro- 9. Kovach and Comley, Reference 4, p. 42-45. 30 duction of germanium diodes into the squaring circuit. These diodes are normally regarded as passive members of the cir- cuit and, as such, would merit only passing mention...

A steady-state model has been built for an air-water bubble column. The bubble number density constitutive equation has been formulated through integrating the bubble transport equation. Proper kernels for bubble breakage and coalescence rate have been chosen. The momentum balance of the gas phase is included in the model which leads to a set of non-linear differential equations. The model has been successfully solved by using the Least-Squares Method (LSM) with high accuracy and fast convergence. The successive iteration has been applied to the linearised equation set. The model shows excellent agreements with experimental data.

Greater Cairo Region (GCR) is the largest metropolitan area on the African continent and the Arab world. It accommodates 16.1 million inhabitants representing 19% of Egypt's total population. Today, critical urban issues arise from the sheer size of the metropolis GCR and from its population density. Traffic congestion is on the top of these issues. This research focuses on the significant role that hubs (Multi Modal Platforms) can play in enhancing the GCR transportation infrastructure. Ramses square area in Cairo is selected to demonstrate a systematic solution to solve the problems resulted from the interference of multi uses activities and transportation modes in central areas of capital cities.

A least squares non-parametric discovery process model has been developed recently for assessing petroleum resources in mature plays with complex size distribution characteristics. Applications of this model to o...

The inclusive jet cross section, the dijet cross section, and the dijet longitudinal double spin asymmetry ALL in polarized proton-proton collisions at [square root of sigma] = 200 GeV are measured with a data sample of ...

A semi-empirical equation of state for the freely jointed square-well chain fluid is developed. This equation of state is based on Wertheim’s thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPT) and the statistical associatin...

Recent numerical studies of the J1-J2 model on a square lattice suggest a possible continuous phase transition between the Néel state and a gapped spin-liquid state with Z2 topological order. We show that such a phase transition can be realized through two steps: First bring the Néel state to the U(1) deconfined quantum critical point, which has been studied in the context of Néel–valence bond solid (VBS) state phase transition. Then condense the spinon pair–skyrmion/antiskyrmion bound state, which carries both gauge charge and flux of the U(1) gauge field emerging at the deconfined quantum critical point. We also propose a Schwinger boson projective wave function to realize such a Z2 spin liquid state and find that it has a relatively low variational energy (?0.4893J1/site) for the J1-J2 model at J2=0.5J1. The spin liquid state we obtain breaks the fourfold rotational symmetry of the square lattice and therefore is a nematic spin liquid state. This direct continuous phase transition from the Néel state to a spin liquid state may be realized in the J1-J2 model, or the anisotropic J1x-J1y-J2 model.

Abstract:- Experimentation has been carried out to find the influence of a gap provided in ribs on thermohydraulic performance of a square duct roughened with discrete inclined ribs. The two opposite walls of the square duct are roughened with ribs having attack angle (?) of 45 0 and a gap on its length. The investigation has been performed for relative roughness pitch (p/e) of 10, relative roughness height (e/Dh) of 0.060 and Reynolds number is varied in the range of 5000-40,000. The other rib parameters; relative gap position (d/W) and relative gap width (g/e) is varied in the range of 1/4 – 2/3(4 steps) and 0.5 – 1.5 (3 steps) respectively. The comparative study of various cases shows that the ribs with a gap considerably enhance the value of thermohydraulic performance for the range of parameters taken for the present investigation. Presence of inclined ribs with a gap yields about 2.1-fold enhancements in thermo-hydraulic performance as compared to smooth duct. The maximum value of thermo-hydraulic performance parameter has been observed for relative gap width of 1.0 and the relative gap position of 1/3. Keywords:- Relative gap width, Relative gap position, Reynolds number, Thermo-hydraulic performance. I.

Dark matter or modifications of the Newtonian inverse-square law in the solar-system are studied with accurate planetary astrometric data. From extra-perihelion precession and possible changes in the third Kepler's law, we get an upper limit on the local dark matter density, rho_{DM} gravitational acceleration are really small. We examined the MOND interpolating function mu in the regime of strong gravity. Gradually varying mu suggested by fits of rotation curves are excluded, whereas the standard form mu(x)= x/(1+x^2)^{1/2} is still compatible with data. In combination with constraints from galactic rotation curves and theoretical considerations on the external field effect, the absence of any significant deviation from inverse square attraction in the solar system makes the range of acceptable interpolating functions significantly narrow. Future radio ranging observations of outer planets with an accuracy of few tenths of a meter could either give positive evidence of dark matter or disprove modifications of gravity.

Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law below the Dark-Energy Length Scale D. J. Kapner,* T-balance experiments to test the gravitational inverse-square law at separations between 9.53 mm and 55 m, probing of the gravitational inverse-square law we report in this Letter. Our tests were made with a substantially upgraded ver

Washington at Seattle, University of - Department of Physics, Electroweak Interaction Research Group

The reaction of square-planar rhodium(I) complexes of the general formula (P(4-tolyl)/sub 3/)/sub 2/RhClB with H/sub 2/ has been investigated where B is P(4-tolyl)/sub 3/, pyridine, or tetrahydrothiophene. NMR studies confirm that in all cases the product geometry has the two hydrogens cis to each other and the two phosphines trans to each other. The rate of dissociation of pyridine from the hydride is reported and compared with that of phosphine dissociation. Thermodynamic data for activation of H/sub 2/ by the phosphine and tetrahydrothiophene adducts are reported. From this information metal-hydrogen bond strengths can be calculated and the influence of B on this quantity determined.

We examine the X-ray and infrared properties of galaxies and AGNs in the 9 square degree Bootes field, using data from the Chandra XBootes and Spitzer IRAC Shallow Surveys, as well as optical spectroscopy from the AGES survey. A sample of ~30,000 objects are detected in all four IRAC bands, of which ~2,000 are associated with X-ray sources. We also study X-ray fainter sources using stacking techniques, and find that X-ray fluxes are highest for objects with IRAC colors that are known to be characteristic of AGNs. Because these are shallow, wide-field surveys, they probe the bright end of the AGNluminosity function out to spectroscopic redshifts as high as z=3-4. We can use this multiwavelength dataset to explore the properties and redshift evolution of a large sample of luminous active galaxies.

To improve the accuracy of short-term load forecasting a differential evolution algorithm (DE) based least squares support vector regression (LSSVR) method is proposed in this paper. Through optimizing the regularization parameter and kernel parameter of the LSSVR by DE a short-term load forecasting model which can take load affected factors such as meteorology weather and date types into account is built. The proposed LSSVR method is proved by implementing short-term load forecasting on the real historical data of Yangquan power system in China. The average forecasting error is less than 1.6% which shows better accuracy and stability than the traditional LSSVR and Support vector regression. The result of implementation of short-term load forecasting demonstrates that the hybrid model can be used in the short-term forecasting of the power system more efficiently.

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11/30/2012 Renovation $$ Collections Non-Library Tenant 1 Pollak Library Space Plan 2012 communication has resulted in the need to rethink the use of space in the Pollak Library. In 2012, forty- three percent of assignable squarefootage (ASF) of library space was dedicated to print materials and shelving

. The following calculation will determine the occupant load with tables and chairs: net squarefootage of tentGUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF TENTS The following guidelines are based on the requirements from the material manufacturer or supplier. Exits and Occupant Load for Enclosed Tents Â· Tents

. The following calculation will determine the occupant load with tables and chairs: net squarefootage of tentGuidelines for the Use of Tents The following guidelines are based on the requirements of the State and Occupant Load for Enclosed Tents Â· Tents that have sides attached and rolled up are capable of being

for the same time period from the previous year normalized to current energy costs and campus squarefootageTexas Tech University Energy Savings Program January 2010 Update The Texas Tech Energy Savings by State Agencies. A. Energy Goals 1. Campus Energy Use (E&G) Energy units are converted to thousands

for the same time period from the previous year normalized to current energy costs and campus squarefootageTexas Tech University Energy Savings Program October 2009 Update The Texas Tech Energy Savings by State Agencies. A. Energy Goals 1. Campus Energy Use (E&G) Energy units are converted to thousands

from the previous year normalized to current energy costs and campus squarefootage. Through the SecondTexas Tech University Energy Savings Program April 2011 Update The Texas Tech Energy Savings Update Agencies. A. Energy Goals 1. University Energy Use Energy units are converted to thousands of BTUs per

from the previous year normalized to current energy costs and campus squarefootage. For first twoTexas Tech University Energy Savings Program April 2010 Update The Texas Tech Energy Savings Update Agencies. A. Energy Goals 1. Campus Energy Use (E&G) Energy units are converted to thousands of BTUs per

from the previous year normalized to current energy costs and campus squarefootage. For the first Program for four energy projects. 1) AHU VFD Project Â­ Final cost of $558,904 with a payback of 5.2 yearsTexas Tech University Energy Savings Program July 2009 Update The Texas Tech Energy Savings Update

from the previous year normalized to current energy costs and campus squarefootage. Through fiscalTexas Tech University Energy Savings Program October 2011 Update The Texas Tech Energy Savings by State Agencies. A. Energy Goals 1. University Energy Use Energy units are converted to thousands of BTUs

from the previous year normalized to current energy costs and campus squarefootage. For the firstTexas Tech University Energy Savings Program July 2009 Update The Texas Tech Energy Savings Update Agencies. A. Energy Goals 1. Campus Energy Use (E&G) Energy units are converted to thousands of BTUs per

from the previous year normalized to current energy costs and campus squarefootage. For first threeTexas Tech University Energy Savings Program July 2010 Update The Texas Tech Energy Savings Update Agencies. A. Energy Goals 1. Campus Energy Use (E&G) Energy units are converted to thousands of BTUs per

for the same time period from the previous year normalized to current energy costs and campus squarefootage Total 15.1357 14.7573 15.5852 3.0% Page 2 of 6 October 2010 Energy Report #12;3. Fleet Fuel ManagementTexas Tech University Energy Savings Program October 2010 Update The Texas Tech Energy Savings

from the previous year normalized to current energy costs and campus squarefootage. Through the Third energy demand upon the university buildings. Cogeneration steam, provided at no cost to the universityTexas Tech University Energy Savings Program July 2011 Update The Texas Tech Energy Savings Update

At Williams College we are trying to reduce our energy use and especially our greenhouse gas emissions 10 significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions while also saving the college energy. One of these projects the emissions directly related to Cole while other buildings require an analysis of squarefootage with regard

A A U.S. Department of Energy Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey for 2007 BUILDING QUESTIONNAIRE Form Approval OMB No.: 1905-0145 Expires: 9/30/2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS How to Use this Questionnaire ............................................................................................. 1 Section A. Building Size, Structural Characteristics and Age SquareFootage .................................................................................................... 5 Structural Characteristics ....................................................................................... 7 Number of Floors ................................................................................................ 10

Ion-implantation and related ion-beam-processing techniques are used to modify the surface of materials and produce certain desirable properties. However, these methods sometimes roughen the surfaces to which they are applied. If undetected, such roughness can lead to erroneous interpretation of data gathered by most standard surface-analysis techniques. Many surface profilometers and scanning electron microscopes lack sufficient spatial resolution to detect fine-scale roughness that can complicate the data interpretation. A simple optical instrument was constructed to measure the root-mean-square (rms) roughness, below about 100 nm, of ion bombarded surfaces. This instrument measures the total integrated scatter (TIS) of almost normally incident laser light, which (under conditions specified by scalar scattering (theory)) is simply related to the rms surface roughness. This paper describes the construction and calibration of the TIS instrument. In addition, it presents results on the rms roughness of several ion-beam-processed systems, including TiN films on Si and Cr and Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ films on AISI 52100 steel, ion beam mixed Mo in Al, Si(x)N(1-x) refractive layers, and GaAs/AlAs superlattices.

Deviations from the gravitational inverse-square law would imprint scale-dependent features on the power spectrum of mass density fluctuations. We model such deviations as a Yukawa-like contribution to the gravitational potential and discuss the growth function in a mixed dark matter model with adiabatic initial conditions. Evolution of perturbations is considered in general non-flat cosmological models with a cosmological constant, and an analytical approximation for the growth function is provided. The coupling between baryons and cold dark matter across recombination is negligibly affected by modified gravity physics if the proper cutoff length of the long-range Yukawa-like force is > 10 h^{-1} Mpc. Enhancement of gravity affects the subsequent evolution, boosting large-scale power in a way that resembles the effect of a lower matter density. This phenomenon is almost perfectly degenerate in power-spectrum shape with the effect of a background of massive neutrinos. Back-reaction on density growth from a modified cosmic expansion rate should however also affect the normalization of the power spectrum, with a shape distortion similar to the case of a non-modified background.

Nd:YAG laser joining is a high energy density (HED) process that can produce high-speed, low-heat input welds with a high depth-to-width aspect ratio. This is optimized by formation of a ''keyhole'' in the weld pool resulting from high vapor pressures associated with laser interaction with the metallic substrate. It is generally accepted that pores form in HED welds due to the instability and frequent collapse of the keyhole. In order to maintain an open keyhole, weld pool forces must be balanced such that vapor pressure and weld pool inertia forces are in equilibrium. Travel speed and laser beam power largely control the way these forces are balanced, as well as welding mode (Continuous Wave or Square Wave) and shielding gas type. A study into the phenomenon of weld pool porosity in 304L stainless steel was conducted to better understand and predict how welding parameters impact the weld pool dynamics that lead to pore formation. This work is intended to aid in development and verification of a finite element computer model of weld pool fluid flow dynamics being developed in parallel efforts and assist in weld development activities for the W76 and future RRW programs.

The applications of p-aminophenol as a suitable mediator, as a sensitive and selective voltammetric sensor for the determination of hydrazine using a square wave voltammetric method were described. The modified multiwall carbon nanotubes paste electrode exhibited a good electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of hydrazine at pH = 7.0. The catalytic oxidation peak currents showed a linear dependence of the peaks current to the hydrazine concentrations in the range of 0.5–175 ?mol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9975. The detection limit (S/N = 3) was estimated to be 0.3 ?mol/L of hydrazine. The relative standard deviations for 0.7 and 5.0 ?mol/L hydrazine were 1.7 and 1.1%, respectively. The modified electrode showed good sensitivity and selectivity. The diffusion coefficient (D = 9.5 × 10?4 cm2/s) and the kinetic parameters such as the electron transfer coefficient (? = 0.7) of hydrazine at the surface of the modified electrode were determined using electrochemical approaches. The electrode was successfully applied for the determination of hydrazine in real samples with satisfactory results.

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We present a catalog of galaxy clusters selected via their Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect signature from 2500 deg$^2$ of South Pole Telescope (SPT) data. This work represents the complete sample of clusters detected at high significance in the 2500-square-degree SPT-SZ survey, which was completed in 2011. A total of 677 (409) cluster candidates are identified above a signal-to-noise threshold of $\\xi$ =4.5 (5.0). Ground- and space-based optical and near-infrared (NIR) imaging confirms overdensities of similarly colored galaxies in the direction of 516 (or 76%) of the $\\xi$>4.5 candidates and 387 (or 95%) of the $\\xi$>5 candidates; the measured purity is consistent with expectations from simulations. Of these confirmed clusters, 415 were first identified in SPT data, including 251 new discoveries reported in this work. We estimate photometric redshifts for all candidates with identified optical and/or NIR counterparts; we additionally report redshifts derived from spectroscopic observations for 141 of these sy...

amplitudes of Si, AI, and 0 atoms in framework structures: Evidence for rigid bonds, order, twinning of the mean-square displacement amplitudes (MSDA) of the T(Al,Si) and 0 atoms in ordered framework silicates in these crystals are consistent with a rigid bond model. In particular, the MSDAs of the T and 0 atoms

From March until November 2010 the Compact Muon Solenoid 36 pb-1 of pp collisions at [the square root of sigma]= 7 TeV. One of the first precision Model that can be performed with this data is the measurement cross section ...

South Africa is shortlisted to host a major scientific facility - the Square Kilometre Array (SKA instrument in a radio-quiet area in the arid Karoo region of South Africa's Northern Cape Province. Further the fron- tiers of science and technology, South Africa's SKA project attracts the brightest and most

Phase Behavior of the Restricted Primitive Model and Square-Well Fluids from Monte Carlo of Chemical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-5201 and Institute for Physical Science and Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742

We present an x-ray reflectivity study of wetting at the free surface of the binary liquid metal alloy gallium-bismuth (Ga-Bi) in the region where the bulk phase separates into Bi-rich and Ga-rich liquid phases. The measurements reveal the evolution of the microscopic structure of the wetting films of the Bi-rich, low-surface-tension phase along several paths in the bulk phase diagram. The wetting of the Ga-rich bulk's surface by a Bi-rich wetting film, the thickness of which is limited by gravity to only 50 Angstroms, creates a Ga-rich/Bi-rich liquid/liquid interface close enough to the free surface to allow its detailed study by x rays. The structure of the interface is determined with Angstromsngstrem resolution, which allows the application of a mean-field square gradient model extended by the inclusion of capillary waves as the dominant thermal fluctuations. The sole free parameter of the gradient model, the influence parameter K, that characterizes the influence of concentration gradients on the interfacial excess energy, is determined from our measurements. This, in turn, allows a calculation of the liquid/liquid interfacial tension, and a separation of the intrinsic and capillary wave contributions to the interfacial structure. In spite of expected deviations from MF behavior, based on the upper critical dimensionality (Du = 3 ) of the bulk, we find that the capillary wave excitations only marginally affect the short-range complete wetting behavior. A critical wetting transition that is sensitive to thermal fluctuations appears to be absent in this binary liquid-metal alloy.

This thesis is an analysis of an ambitious redevelopment plan for a two square mile area in the city of Detroit, Michigan. This area is dominated by city-owned vacant lots, which make up half of the neighborhood. The plan, ...

We use observations from the 9 square degree multiwavelength survey in Bootes to identify hundreds of obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN) with high redshifts (z > 0.7), luminosities (L_bol > 10^45 ergs/s), and moderate obscuring columns (N_H > 10^22 cm^-2), and to measure the clustering properties of X-ray AGN at z > 1. In the Bootes region, shallow (5 ks) Chandra X-ray observations have detected ~4,000 X-ray sources, and the same region has been mapped with deep optical imaging and by Spitzer IRAC, which detects ~300,000 point sources, of which ~30,000 have detections in all four IRAC bands, for which we can select AGN on the basis of their mid-IR colors. With the MMT/Hectospec we have obtained modest resolution optical spectra for about half the X-ray sources (out to z > 3) and ~20,000 galaxies (out to z = 0.7). With this multiwavelength data we select >400 AGN per square degree (compared to 12 per square degree from SDSS). Among a sample of IRAC-selected AGN we identify 641 candidate obscured objects based on their R band and IRAC luminosities. We use X-ray stacking techniques to verify that they are obscured AGN and measure their absorbing column densities. We also measure the three-dimensional two-point correlation function for X-ray selected AGN.

Many data-analysis problems involve large dense matrices that describe the covariance of stationary noise processes; the computational cost of inverting these matrices, or equivalently of solving linear systems that contain them, is often a practical limit for the analysis. We describe two general, practical, and accurate methods to approximate stationary covariance matrices as low-rank matrix products featuring carefully chosen spectral components. These methods can be used to greatly accelerate data-analysis methods in many contexts, such as the Bayesian and generalized-least-squares analysis of pulsar-timing residuals.

Many data-analysis problems involve large dense matrices that describe the covariance of stationary noise processes; the computational cost of inverting these matrices, or equivalently of solving linear systems that contain them, is often a practical limit for the analysis. We describe two general, practical, and accurate methods to approximate stationary covariance matrices as low-rank matrix products featuring carefully chosen spectral components. These methods can be used to greatly accelerate data-analysis methods in many contexts, such as the Bayesian and generalized-least-squares analysis of pulsar-timing residuals.

of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law: A Search for "Large" Extra Dimensions C. D. Hoyle, U. Schmidt, B. R. Heckel, E-dimensional theories that predict new effects, we tested the gravitational 1 r2 law at separations ranging down to 218 ranges l 0.1 mm [11]. This Letter reports results of a test of gravitational inverse-square law at length

Abstract Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) was applied to atomic emission data obtained from inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry analysis of boron for the quantification of 10B/11B ratios. The determination of isotopic composition of boron is based on the isotopic shift of 10B and 11B in the emission line of 208.957 nm. After recording of the emission spectra in the range of 208.940–208.970 nm, evaluation of isotopic composition of boron containing samples was performed with MCR-ALS algorithm. MCR-ALS was able to resolve the emission spectra of 10B and 11B mixtures. The performance of the proposed methods was tested by determination of 10B/11B ratios in synthetic mixtures and also water samples.

In this paper we use the latest corrections to the Newton-Einstein secular perihelion rates of some planets of the Solar System, phenomenologically estimated with the EPM2004 ephemerides by the Russian astronomer E.V. Pitjeva, to put severe constraints on the range parameter lambda characterizing the Yukawa-like modifications of the Newtonian inverse-square law of gravitation. It turns out that the range cannot exceed about one tenth of an Astronomical Unit. We assumed neither equivalence principle violating effects nor spatial variations of $\\alpha$ and $\\lambda$. This finding may have important consequences on all the modified theories of gravity involving Yukawa-type terms with range parameters much larger than the Solar System size. However, caution is advised since we, currently have at our disposal only the periehlion extra-rates estimated by Pitjeva: if and when other groups will estimate their own corrections to the secular motion of perihelia, more robust and firm tests may be conducted.

The Advanced LIGO and Virgo experiments are poised to detect gravitational waves (GWs) directly for the first time this decade. The ultimate prize will be joint observation of a compact binary merger in both gravitational and electromagnetic channels. However, GW sky locations that are uncertain by hundreds of square degrees will pose a challenge. I describe a real-time detection pipeline and a rapid Bayesian parameter estimation code that will make it possible to search promptly for optical counterparts in Advanced LIGO. Having analyzed a comprehensive population of simulated GW sources, we describe the sky localization accuracy that the GW detector network will achieve as each detector comes online and progresses toward design sensitivity. Next, in preparation for the optical search with the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF), we have developed a unique capability to detect optical afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM). Its comparable error regi...

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Successful quantitative measurement of carbon content in coal using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is suffered from relatively low precision and accuracy. In the present work, the spectrum standardization method was combined with the dominant factor based partial least square (PLS) method to improve the measurement accuracy of carbon content in coal by LIBS. The combination model employed the spectrum standardization method to convert the carbon line intensity into standard state for more accurately calculating the dominant carbon concentration, and then applied PLS with full spectrum information to correct the residual errors. The combination model was applied to the measurement of carbon content for 24 bituminous coal samples. The results demonstrated that the combination model could further improve the measurement accuracy compared with both our previously established spectrum standardization model and dominant factor based PLS model using spectral area normalized intensity for the dominant fa...

The impact of increasing home size on energy demand The impact of increasing home size on energy demand RECS 2009 - Release date: April 19, 2012 Homes built since 1990 are on average 27% larger than homes built in earlier decades, a significant trend because most energy end-uses are correlated with the size of the home. As squarefootage increases, the burden on heating and cooling equipment rises, lighting requirements increase, and the likelihood that the household uses more than one refrigerator increases. Squarefootage typically stays fixed over the life of a home and it is a characteristic that is expensive, even impractical to alter to reduce energy consumption. According to results from EIA's 2009 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), the stock of homes built in the 1970s and 1980s averages less than

. June 25, p.m. June 25, p.m. June 25, p.m. June 25, p.m. June 25, p.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, n.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m.... June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, am. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m. June 26, a.m...

costs and campus squarefootage. For the first quarter of FY09 the campus consumed 42.07 kbtu/sq ft,500 Total 45.69 42.07 Down 7.9% $ 348,000 Page 1 of 4 January 2009 Energy Report #12;Since RP 49 first went Purchase Program for four energy projects. 1) AHU VFD Project Â­ Estimated cost of $600,000 with a payback

Building upon past work on the phase diagram of Janus fluids [F. Sciortino, A. Giacometti, and G. Pastore, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 237801 (2009)], we perform a detailed study of integral equation theory of the Kern-Frenkel potential with coverage that is tuned from the isotropic square-well fluid to the Janus limit. An improved algorithm for the reference hypernetted-chain (RHNC) equation for this problem is implemented that significantly extends the range of applicability of RHNC. Results for both structure and thermodynamics are presented and compared with numerical simulations. Unlike previous attempts, this algorithm is shown to be stable down to the Janus limit, thus paving the way for analyzing the frustration mechanism characteristic of the gas-liquid transition in the Janus system. The results are also compared with Barker-Henderson thermodynamic perturbation theory on the same model. We then discuss the pros and cons of both approaches within a unified treatment. On balance, RHNC integral equation theory, even with an isotropic hard-sphere reference system, is found to be a good compromise between accuracy of the results, computational effort, and uniform quality to tackle self-assembly processes in patchy colloids of complex nature. Further improvement in RHNC however clearly requires an anisotropic reference bridge function.

Aiming to complete the results presented before by Gonçalves et al. (2012d. Ocean Eng. 54, 150–169) the present work brings new experimental results on VIM of a semi-submersible platform with four square columns, particularly concerning changes in three different aspects: simultaneous presence of current and surface waves in the same direction, external damping level, and draft conditions. The VIM tests were performed in the presence of regular and irregular waves, both conditions with simultaneous current presence, to understand the wave effects. Considerable differences between the presences of regular and irregular waves were observed. The motion amplitudes in the transverse direction, in the tests with regular waves, were markedly lower than those with irregular waves, and the VIM behavior was not observed. In the sea state tests, the amplitudes are lower than current-only ones, yet a periodic motion characterized by VIM was observed. Furthermore, the effects of the lower draft condition and damping level were addressed, showing they are important for model tests because they contribute to decreasing VIM amplitudes.

An experimental study on Vortex-Induced Motion (VIM) of the semi-submersible platform concept with four square columns is presented. Model tests were carried out to check the influence of different headings and hull appendages (riser supports located at the pontoons; fairleads and the mooring stretches located vertically at the external column faces; and hard pipes located vertically at the internal column faces). The results comprise in-line, transverse and yaw motions, as well as combined motions in the XY plane, drag and lift forces and spectral analysis. The main results showed that VIM in the transverse direction occurred in a range of reduced velocity 4.0 up to 14.0 with amplitude peaks around reduced velocities around 7.0 and 8.0. The largest transverse amplitudes obtained were around 40% of the column width for 30° and 45° incidences. Another important result observed was a considerable yaw motion oscillation, in which a synchronization region could be identified as a resonance phenomenon. The largest yaw motions were verified for the 0° incidence and the maxima amplitudes around 4.5°. The hull appendages located at columns had the greatest influence on the VIM response of the semi-submersible.

We have explored the magnetic excitation spectrum of the S=1/2 square lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet, K{sub 2}V{sub 3}O{sub 8}, using both triple-axis and time-of-flight inelastic neutron scattering. The long-wavelength spin waves are consistent with the previously determined Hamiltonian for this material. A small energy gap of 72{+-}9 {micro}eV is observed at the antiferromagnetic zone center and the near-neighbor exchange constant is determined to be 1.08{+-}0.03 meV. A finite ferromagnetic interplanar coupling is observed along the crystallographic c axis with a magnitude of J{sub c}=-0.0036{+-}0.0006 meV. However, upon approaching the zone boundary, the observed excitation spectrum deviates significantly from the expectation of linear spin wave theory resulting in split modes at the ({pi}/2,{pi}/2) zone boundary point. The effects of magnon-phonon interaction, orbital degrees of freedom, multimagnon scattering, and dilution/site randomness are considered in the context of the mode splitting. Unfortunately, no fully satisfactory explanation of this phenomenon is found and further theoretical and experimental work is needed.

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Submillimeter tests of the gravitational inverse-square law C. D. Hoyle, D. J. Kapner, B. R. Heckel Motivated by a variety of theories that predict new effects, we tested the gravitational 1/r2 law these results as constraints on extensions of the standard model that predict Yukawa or power-law forces. We set

A numerical study of one-patch colloidal particles: from square-well to Janus Francesco Sciortino,*a Achille perform numerical simulations of a simple model of one-patch colloidal particles to investigate: (i the number of patches, their width, their location, their chemical specificity, and seem to pose no limits

A linear trinuclear Pd3 complex containing N,S-coordinating 2-(benzyl­sulfanyl)anilinide and 1,3-benzo­thia­zole-2-thiol­ate ligands has symmetry and a PdPd separation of 3.2012 (4) ?. All three PdII atoms have a square-planar geometry, while the central PdII core shows an all N-coordination. 1,3-Benzothiazole-2-thiolate was formed in situ from 2-(benzyl­sulfanyl)aniline.

Fitting potential energy surfaces to analytic forms is an important first step for efficient molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we present an improved version of the local interpolating moving least squares method (L-IMLS) for such fitting. Our method has three key improvements. First, pairwise interactions are modeled separately from many-body interactions. Second, permutational invariance is incorporated in the basis functions, using permutationally invariant polynomials in Morse variables, and in the weight functions. Third, computational cost is reduced by statistical localization, in which we statistically correlate the cutoff radius with data point density. We motivate our discussion in this paper with a review of global and local least-squares-based fitting methods in one dimension. Then, we develop our method in six dimensions, and we note that it allows the analytic evaluation of gradients, a feature that is important for molecular dynamics. The approach, which we call statistically localized, permutationally invariant, local interpolating moving least squares fitting of the many-body potential (SL-PI-L-IMLS-MP, or, more simply, L-IMLS-G2), is used to fit a potential energy surface to an electronic structure dataset for N{sub 4}. We discuss its performance on the dataset and give directions for further research, including applications to trajectory calculations.

This work presents physical consequences of our theory of induced gravity (Ref.1) regarding: 1) the requirement to consider shape and materials properties when calculating graviton cross section collision area; 2) use of Special Relativity; 3) implications regarding the shape of cosmos; 4) comparison to explanations using General Relativity; 5) properties of black holes; 6) relationship to the strong force and the theorized Higgs boson; 7) the possible origin of magnetic attraction; 8) new measurements showing variation from gravitational inverse square behavior at length scales of 0.1 mm and relationship to the Cosmological constant, and proof of the statistical time properties of the gravitational interaction.

Jan 30, 2010 ... Many signal- and image-processing applications aim to approx- imate an object as a ...... used to identify the chemical composition of a material sample. There exist ... with additive noise. The results of these simulations are ...... [57] J. F. Sturm, Using SeDuMi 1.02, a Matlab toolbox for optimization over sym-.

to the Center for Applied Scientific Computing (CASC) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. I believe that those internships and the interaction with the group at CASC were essential to my education. This work would have not been possible without the help...

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As finite element spaces, standard conforming piecewise polynomials for the .... of ?? with positive measure (length if d = 2, area in the three-dimensional case) ... tion changes at the interface between ?C,d and ?C,s even if ?C is smooth.

to highest. The division between small and large districts is noted. 1 small districts account for onl enrollment, but make up 45% of building squarefootage statewide [3]. It there is a large disparity sm l l METHODS school respondi cont Li were... responses of smal districts versus those of large districts were found t be statistically significant (P < 0.05) for statements 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 15. For the remaining statements (1, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, and 16), there was not a significant...

This report summarizes the results from the data center energy efficiency and renewable energy site assessment conducted for the Oregon Army National Guard in Salem, Oregon. A team led by NREL conducted the assessment of the Anderson Readiness Center data centers March 18-20, 2014 as part of ongoing efforts to reduce energy use and incorporate renewable energy technologies where feasible. Although the data centers in this facility account for less than 5% of the total squarefootage, they are estimated to be responsible for 70% of the annual electricity consumption.

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Water Efficiency Water Efficiency The following Federal laws and regulations require Federal agencies to reduce water use and improve water efficiency. Executive Order 13423 Executive Order (E.O.) 13423 requires Federal agencies to reduce water consumption intensity (gallons per square foot) 2% annually through the end of fiscal year (FY) 2015 or 16% by the end of FY 2015 from a 2007 baseline. This requirement is to be achieved incrementally by fiscal year beginning in 2008. Fiscal Year Percentage Reduction 2008 2 2009 4 2010 6 2011 8 2012 10 2013 12 2014 14 2015 16 E.O. 13423 Mandated Facility Water Intensity Reductions by Fiscal Year E.O. 13423 also directs Federal facilities to conduct annual water audits of at least 10% of facility squarefootage and to conduct audits at least

......4, by condition (3). If we suppose that matrix B is identical with matrix A, we obtain for the matrix whose elements are wti, the number of coincidences of A{ and Bt, the following: -N/4: N/8 N/8 N/8 N/16 N/16 N/8 N/16 N/16......

Scalar self interactions are known to weaken considerably the current constraints on scalar-mediated fifth forces. We consider a scalar field with a quartic self interaction and gravitation-strength Yukawa couplings to matter particles. After discussing the phenomenology of this scalar field, we assess the ability of ongoing and planned experiments to detect the fifth force mediated by such a field. Assuming that the quartic and matter couplings are of order unity, the current-generation Eot-Wash experiment at the University of Washington will be able to explore an interesting subset of parameter space. The next-generation Eot-Wash experiment is expected to be able to detect, or to rule out, the fifth force due to such a scalar with unit quartic and matter couplings at the 3 sigma confidence level.

, the subjects of Nazi Germany and Freemasonry occupy entire bookshelves of printed material and thousands of hours of movies and documentaries, but surprisingly there is practically nothing that examines the two together. Survey texts on the Third Reich...-dozen references to Freemasons throughout its almost 2000 pages, most of which are only cursory. Richard Evans three volume study of Nazi Germany devotes less than a paragraph to Freemasonry, again only mentioned in passing. 5 Ernst Christian Helmreich, German...

Consumer electronics today such as cell phones often have one or more low-power FPGAs to assist with energy-intensive operations in order to reduce overall energy consumption and increase battery life. However, current techniques for programming FPGAs require people to be specially trained to do so. Ideally, software engineers can more readily take advantage of the benefits FPGAs offer by being able to program them using their existing skills, a common one being object-oriented programming. However, traditional techniques for compiling object-oriented languages are at odds with today's FPGA tools, which support neither pointers nor complex data structures. Open until now is the problem of compiling an object-oriented language to an FPGA in a way that harnesses this potential for huge energy savings. In this paper, we present a new compilation technique that feeds into an existing FPGA tool chain and produces FPGAs with up to almost an order of magnitude in energy savings compared to a low-power microprocessor while still retaining comparable performance and area usage.

resulting algebraic equations can be efficiently solved by standard multigrid methods. or preconditioned by well-known .... symmetry of the stress stems from the conservation of angular momentum. ... the energy norm is equivalent to the H1 norm for a fixed ?. .... Since the minimum of the quadratic functional G(?, u ; f) is zero,.

(1997)] the authors define an “energy” function, strictly related to ... fining one where the result of the first phase is the starting point for the billiards simulation ..... Just for illustration we present in Figure 1 a comparison between the ... software, or by using the method implemented by Specht and available from his web site.

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algorithm from a projection model that takes into account the photon emission spectrum and .... scanner software to reduce various families of artefacts, among which beam hardening ... the reconstruction of said simulation datasets. Section 5 ..... impulse energies is added only for proper graphic comparison with the original.

Oak Creek Energy regarding their solar and wind projects insolar and wind companies if they sited their projects in approved renewable energyprojects will provide up to 1,300 megawatts of solar thermal energy;

This thesis seeks to explore the connection between humans and the machines they created. Machines in our daily lives have been miniaturized; one can no longer understand how they function, causing distress and anger. ...

Geometries and geometric systems are not architecture, though architecture is geometric. Geometries and geometric systems, because of their autonomous nature, are generally understandable and can serve as the basis of ...

Prepared for the Hydrogen Education Foundation December 10, 2007. This report summarizes online discussions about hydrogen within the context of alternative energy, environment, technology and sustainability. This report focuses on the online discussions for the month of November 2007.

$f(R)$ theories of gravity are one of the most popular alternative explanations for dark energy and therefore studying the possible astrophysical implications of these theories is an important task. In the present paper we make a substantial advance in this direction by considering rapidly rotating neutron stars in $R^2$ gravity. The results are obtained numerically and the method we use is non-perturbative and self-consistent. The neutron star properties, such as mass, radius and moment of inertia, are studied in detail and the results show that rotation magnifies the deviations from general relativity and the maximum mass and moment of inertia can reach very high values. This observation is similar to previous studies of rapidly rotating neutron stars in other alternative theories of gravity, such as the scalar-tensor theories, and it can potentially lead to strong astrophysical manifestations.

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Morphology of the complex HI gas distribution can be quantified by statistics like the Minkowski functionals, and can provide a way to statistically study the large scale structure in the HI maps both at low redshifts, and during the epoch of reionization (EoR). At low redshifts, the 21cm emission traces the underlying matter distribution. Topology of the HI gas distribution, as measured by the genus, could be used as a "standard ruler". This enables the determination of distance-redshift relation and also the discrimination of various models of dark energy and of modified gravity. The topological analysis is also sensitive to certain primordial non-Gaussian features. Compared with two-point statistics, the topological statistics are more robust against the nonlinear gravitational evolution, bias, and redshift-space distortion. The HI intensity map observation naturally avoids the sparse sampling distortion, which is an important systematic in optical galaxy survey. The large cosmic volume accessible to SKA w...

.g. codes based on bounded degree graphs such as expander codes [35, 36], and we also refer to [28 BCH and ReedÂ­Solomon codes [29], Turbo and TurboÂ­ like codes [8, 25, 14, 7]). Additionally, the above

discretization has both the intermediate and thick diffusion limits [6]. Diffu- sion synthetic acceleration (DSA) can be applied to our equation. However, we do not use a consistently-discretized diffusion equation because the consistent P1 equations derived from... transport equation and thereby obtain a “partially-consistent” diffusion equation. This diffusion equation yields an unconditionally effective DSA scheme after an ad hoc modification is made at the boundaries to account for non-standard Dirichlet conditions...

Building Momentum Building Momentum Building Momentum June 28, 2012 - 4:02pm Addthis President Barack Obama and former President Bill Clinton take a tour of the upgrades of the Transwestern Building in Washington, Dec. 2, 2011. | Official White House Photo by Lawrence Jackson. President Barack Obama and former President Bill Clinton take a tour of the upgrades of the Transwestern Building in Washington, Dec. 2, 2011. | Official White House Photo by Lawrence Jackson. Jeff Zients Acting Director of the Office of Management and Budget Brian Deese Deputy Director of the National Economic Council What does this mean for me? 36 new states, local governments and school districts joined the President's Better Buildings Challenge. This brings the total squarefootage of buildings enrolled to 2

Tax Credit for Manufacturers of Small Wind Turbines Tax Credit for Manufacturers of Small Wind Turbines Tax Credit for Manufacturers of Small Wind Turbines < Back Eligibility Industrial Savings Category Wind Buying & Making Electricity Program Info Start Date 01/01/03 State Oklahoma Program Type Industry Recruitment/Support Rebate Amount Based on squarefootage of rotor swept area: 25.00/ft^2 for 2005 through 2012 Provider Oklahoma Tax Commission '''''Note: After a 2 year moratorium on all state tax credits, this credit may be claimed for tax year 2012 and subsequent tax years, for small wind turbines manufactured on or after July 1, 2012.''''' Oklahoma offers an income tax credit to the manufacturers of small wind turbines for tax years 2003 through 2012. Oklahoma manufacturers of wind turbines with a rated capacity of between 1 kilowatt (kW) and 50 kW are

STAR Certified Homes, Version 3 (Rev. 07) STAR Certified Homes, Version 3 (Rev. 07) National Program Requirements Effective for homes permitted 14 starting 8/01/2013 Revised 6/01/2013 Page 1 of 6 Certifying Homes The following homes are eligible to earn the ENERGY STAR: ï‚· Detached dwelling units 1 (e.g. single family homes); OR ï‚· Dwelling units 1 in any multifamily building with 4 units or fewer; OR ï‚· Dwelling units 1 in multifamily buildings with 3 stories or fewer above-grade 2,3 ; OR ï‚· Dwelling units 1 in multifamily buildings with 4 or 5 stories above-grade 2,3 that have their own heating, cooling, and hot water systems 4 , separate from other units, and where dwelling units occupy 80% or more of the occupiable 3 squarefootage of the building 5 . When evaluating mixed-use buildings for eligibility, exclude commercial / retail space when assessing whether the

Demand Response Quick Assessment Tool Demand Response Quick Assessment Tool Demand response quick assessment tool image The opportunities for demand reduction and cost savings with building demand responsive controls vary tremendously with building type and location. This assessment tool will predict the energy and demand savings, the economic savings, and the thermal comfort impact for various demand responsive strategies. Users of the tool will be asked to enter the basic building information such as types, squarefootage, building envelope, orientation, utility schedule, etc. The assessment tool will then use the prototypical simulation models to calculate the energy and demand reduction potential under certain demand responsive strategies, such as precooling, zonal temperature set up, and chilled water loop and air loop set points

About the RECS About the RECS RECS Survey Forms RECS Maps RECS Terminology Archived Reports State fact sheets Arizona household graph See state fact sheets â€º 2009 RECS Features Heating and cooling no longer majority of U.S. home energy use March 7, 2013 Newer U.S. homes are 30% larger but consume about as much energy as older homes February 12, 2013 Where does RECS squarefootage data come from? July 11, 2012 RECS data show decreased energy consumption per household June 6, 2012 The impact of increasing home size on energy demand April 19, 2012 Did you know that air conditioning is in nearly 100 million U.S. homes? August 19, 2011 See more > graph of U.S. electricity end use, as explained in the article text U.S. electricity sales have decreased in four of the past five years

About the RECS About the RECS RECS Survey Forms RECS Maps RECS Terminology Archived Reports State fact sheets Arizona household graph See state fact sheets â€º 2009 RECS Features Heating and cooling no longer majority of U.S. home energy use March 7, 2013 Newer U.S. homes are 30% larger but consume about as much energy as older homes February 12, 2013 Where does RECS squarefootage data come from? July 11, 2012 RECS data show decreased energy consumption per household June 6, 2012 The impact of increasing home size on energy demand April 19, 2012 Did you know that air conditioning is in nearly 100 million U.S. homes? August 19, 2011 See more > graph of U.S. electricity end use, as explained in the article text U.S. electricity sales have decreased in four of the past five years

5 Files 5 Files WHAT IS CBECS? Please Note: These microdata files, which contain building characteristics, energy consumption and expenditures, and energy end-use estimates replace the 1995 CBECS buildings characteristics files that were at this site. As a result of editing the consumption and expenditures data, some of the original estimates of number of buildings and squarefootage by energy sources and energy end uses have changed. CBECS is a national sample survey that collects statistical information on the consumption of and expenditures for energy in U.S. commercial buildings along with data on energy-related characteristics of the buildings. CBECS is conducted by the Energy Information Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy. The first CBECS was conducted in 1979 and then

1: Finding of No Significant Impact 1: Finding of No Significant Impact EA-1541: Finding of No Significant Impact Demolition of Building 51 and the Bevatron, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California (duplicate no. provided as EA-1561) The Department of Energy has completed an environmental assessment that evaluates the impacts of demolition of the Bevatron and the structure that houses it, Building 51, at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). The primary project objectives are to eliminate potential hazards associated with Building 51; to reduce the burden on LBNL maintenance resources; to free space for potential future activities; and to help satisfy DOE policy requiring that the squarefootage of new construction at a DOE facility be balanced by elimination of an equivalent amount of excess

New Hampshire Weatherization Gets a Funding Boost New Hampshire Weatherization Gets a Funding Boost New Hampshire Weatherization Gets a Funding Boost March 15, 2010 - 6:13pm Addthis Community Action Program Belknap-Merrimack Counties' (CAP-BM) weatherization program is changing rapidly. The nonprofit received an additional $3,661,355 in funding, from the Recovery Act in an effort to help residents lower energy costs. New Hampshire based CAP-BM is named for the two counties it serves, both a mix of rural and urban areas. With the funding, more low-income residents can have their homes weatherized, free of charge. A growing program means a growing workforce. Dana Nute is the weatherization director for CAP-BM. "We now employ more people. We needed more squarefootage so physically we had to expand," he says. 72 new

match the performance of ducts in conditioned space. match the performance of ducts in conditioned space. For years builders have designed their homes with the HVAC ducts in the attic. There is plenty of space up there to run the ducts, and if the air handler is located in the attic as well, it is not taking up valuable squarefootage inside the home. The only problem is vented attics can be very hot in the summer and very cold in the winter. Estimated thermal losses through ducts installed in unconditioned attics range from 10% to 45%, contributing significantly to homeowners' heating and cooling costs. The Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings (CARB), a Building America research team led by Steven Winter Associates, has done extensive research on the feasibility of insulating ducts that are located in the attic and has

meet the code requirements for ducts in conditioned space. meet the code requirements for ducts in conditioned space. For years builders have designed their homes with the HVAC ducts in the attic. There is plenty of space up there to run the ducts and if the air handler is located in the attic as well, it's not taking up valuable squarefootage inside the home. The only problem is uninsulated attics can be very hot in the summer and very cold in the winter. Estimated thermal losses through ducts installed in unconditioned attics range from 10% to 45%, contributing significantly to homeowners' heating and cooling costs. The Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings (CARB), a Building America research team led by Steven Winter Associates, has done extensive research on the feasibility of insulating ducts that are located in the attic and has

STAR Success Story: STAR Success Story: Staples, Inc. Staples, the world's largest office products company, has been an energy management and environmental leader in the retail industry for several years. Staples first partnered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Green Lights Program, the predecessor to ENERGY STAR, and in 1999, won the Green Lights Partner of the Year recognition. Staples also has the distinction of being one of the first retailers to benchmark its entire portfolio of over 1,500 retail stores and 200 distribution centers. Even as the company's building portfolio has grown, with total squarefootage increasing by over 6 percent in just the past three years, Staples has reduced its building portfolio-wide energy usage by more than 11.4%, and recently became the first retailer

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2013 Better Building Federal Award Frequently Asked Questions Q. Is it required that nominated buildings have metered data for both 2012 and 2013? A. A building nominated for this competition must be using EPA's Portfolio Manager to track energy performance data. It must have a complete data set, which includes total facility Btu from all sources of power and total facility squarefootage for all months of the preceding year (2012), and must continue to use Portfolio Manager for each competing month of 2013. FEMP will be tracking building energy consumption each month during the competition and posting it on a competition website. Q. Will energy intensive buildings be competitive against other types of Federal buildings? A. The winner is not based on gross energy reductions, nor is it based on the lowest energy intensity

Line-of-Credit to Term Loans (Connecticut) Line-of-Credit to Term Loans (Connecticut) CDA's Line-of-Credit to Term Loans good for one year for capital expenditures, converting to a fully amortizing term loan. Funds may be used for building expansion, equipment, or IT upgrades. October 16, 2013 Life-Cycle Analysis and Energy Efficiency in State Buildings Several provisions of Missouri law govern energy efficiency in state facilities. In 1993 Missouri enacted legislation requiring life-cycle cost analysis for all new construction of state buildings and substantial renovations of existing state buildings when major energy systems are involved. Substantial renovations involve projects that will affect at least 50% of the building's squarefootage or cost at least 50% of its market value. October 16, 2013

Residential Residential Jump to: navigation, search Click to return to AEO2011 page AEO2011 Data From AEO2011 report . Market Trends In the AEO2011 Reference case, residential energy use per capita declines by 17.0 percent from 2009 to 2035 (Figure 58). Delivered energy use stays relatively constant while population grows by 26.7 percent during the period. Growth in the number of homes and in average squarefootage leads to increased demand for energy services, which is offset in part by efficiency gains in space heating, water heating, and lighting equipment. Population shifts to warmer and drier climates also reduce energy demand for space heating.[1] Issues in Focus In 2009, the residential and commercial buildings sectors used 19.6 quadrillion Btu of delivered energy, or 21 percent of total U.S. energy

coal Residential coal Residential market trends icon Market Trends In the AEO2011 Reference case, residential energy use per capita declines by 17.0 percent from 2009 to 2035 (Figure 58). Delivered energy use stays relatively constant while population grows by 26.7 percent during the period. Growth in the number of homes and in average squarefootage leads to increased demand for energy services, which is offset in part by efficiency gains in space heating, water heating, and lighting equipment. Population shifts to warmer and drier climates also reduce energy demand for space heating. See more issues Issues in Focus In 2009, the residential and commercial buildings sectors used 19.6 quadrillion Btu of delivered energy, or 21 percent of total U.S. energy consumption. The residential sector accounted for 57 percent of that energy

About the RECS About the RECS RECS Survey Forms RECS Maps RECS Terminology Archived Reports State fact sheets Arizona household graph See state fact sheets â€º 2009 RECS Features Heating and cooling no longer majority of U.S. home energy use March 7, 2013 Newer U.S. homes are 30% larger but consume about as much energy as older homes February 12, 2013 Where does RECS squarefootage data come from? July 11, 2012 RECS data show decreased energy consumption per household June 6, 2012 The impact of increasing home size on energy demand April 19, 2012 Did you know that air conditioning is in nearly 100 million U.S. homes? August 19, 2011 See more > graph of U.S. electricity end use, as explained in the article text U.S. electricity sales have decreased in four of the past five years

Responses for the state of Oregon to fifty questions asked during the survey (plus four variables computed from responses to several other questions) cross-tabulated against responses to nine quesions which represent key explanatory characteristics of residential energy use are presented. The nine key questions are: means of payment for housing; type of dwelling; year dwelling built; total square-footage of living space; type of fuel for main heating system; combined 1978 income; unit cost of electricity; annual electricity consumption; and annual natural gas consumption. The fifty questions and four computed variables which were cross-tabulated against the above, fall into six categories: dwelling characteristics; heating and air-conditioning system; water heating; appliances; demographic and dwelling characteristics; and insulation. The survey was conducted throughout the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana with a total of 4030 households samples; 1165 households were sampled in Oregon. (MCW)

Establishing Design Requirements for Energy Establishing Design Requirements for Energy Establishing Design Requirements for Energy October 16, 2013 - 5:14pm Addthis Programming defines details about the project, including squarefootage, types of building space, and use. The team should make decisions to define the energy needs of the building. Beyond traditional project goals and criteria, the team should also define energy-specific requirements and provisions for integrating renewable energy into the building. Federal energy requirements should be considered during programming to establish design criteria that meet those requirements. Overall, the programming phase is the time to establish design requirements and criteria that make sure building design meets the agency's energy efficiency and renewable energy use needs. It is also the time to establish selection

Hamilton, Ohio, Site. Hamilton, Ohio, Site. This site is managed by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management. Site Description and History The Hamilton, Ohio, Site (formerly referred to as the Herring-Hall-Marvin Safe [HHMS] Company) is located at 1550 Grand Boulevard in Hamilton, Ohio. The three-story building, which is roughly rectangular and approximately 300,000 square feet in area, is constructed mostly of concrete with a support structure of columns, beams, and cross braces. Part of the first floor of the building is currently leased by Union Paper Company for the storage of paper products; automobiles are also warehoused there. The third floor is currently vacant. From the 1940s to the early 1950s, the HHMS Company machined and shaped uranium metal under subcontract to Manhattan Engineer District (MED)

The self-destructive percolation model is defined as follows: Consider percolation with parameter $p > p_c$. Remove the infinite occupied cluster. Finally, give each vertex (or, for bond percolation, each edge) that at this stage is vacant, an extra chance $\\delta$ to become occupied. Let $\\delta_c(p)$ be the minimal value of $\\delta$, needed to obtain an infinite occupied cluster in the final configuration. This model was introduced some years ago by van den Berg and Brouwer. They showed that, for the site model on the square lattice (and a few other 2D lattices satisfying a special technical condition) that $\\delta_c(p)\\geq\\frac{(p-p_c)}{p}$. In particular, $\\delta_c(p)$ is at least linear in $p-p_c$. Although the arguments used by van den Berg and Brouwer look quite rigid, we show that they can be suitably modified to obtain similar linear lower bounds for $\\delta_c(p)$ (with $p$ near $p_c$) for a much larger class of 2D lattices, including bond percolation on the square and triangular lattices, and site percolation on the star lattice (or matching lattice) of the square lattice.

Prince William County, Virginia, is located some 25 miles southwest of Washington, D.C. The Prince William County Public School (PWCPS) system includes sixty-four schools (46 elementary schools, 11 middle schools, 7 high schools). Nine schools were built prior to 1960, thirty-eight during the 60s and 70s, and the balance since 1980. Additionally, there are two administrative and support facilities. Total squarefootage is approximately 5.6 million square feet. Approximately 5,700 employees, including instructors, serve some 46,000 students. The school system`s Capital Improvements Plan (CIP) calls for the construction of eleven new schools over the next five years. Enrollment is expected to grow at a rate of 1,000 per year for the next several years. The school division is served by three (3) electric utilities, two (2) natural gas and one (1) LP gas supplier, one (1) heating oil supplier, three (3) water and three (3) sewer companies. Utility expenditures have risen steadily over the years. From fiscal year 1990 through fiscal year 1994 these expenditures rose from 6.7 million dollars to 8.4 million dollars, a 25% increase. Utility costs are projected to rise an additional 28% ($2.6M) through fiscal year 1999.

Remediating and redeveloping contaminated properties represents a mounting national concern. Commonly referred to as brownfields, these contaminated and often vacant or underused, properties present significant environmental ...

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Long-term underwater camera surveillance for monitoring and analysis of fish populations Bastiaan J software to detect and recognise fish species. This footage is processed on supercomput- ers, which allow using a web-interface that allows them to display counts of fish species in the camera footage. 1

tapered seotices. Ths ezit tapered section is called the diffuser. The purpose of the diffaser 1s to decelerate the fluid snd raise its statio precede. The difference in pressure betseen the inlet and the azit of the venturi uhieh is a measure... increases ar as ths aLse of the vsnturi tube is in- creased, If the speed of flow through a venturi is gradually increased to an abnormally high value~ the ov~ pressure drop will increase very rapidly after a definite speed has been attained. If...

. Thompson of the Department of Mechanical gngineering. Table oi' Contents Page No, List of Symbols and Abbreviations Figures Introduction . Factors Affecting the Efficiency of a Venturi Theoretical Investigation of the Venturi Procedure Description... are necessarily excluded by limitations of the experi- ments. Factors Affecting the Efficiency of a Venturi A passage through which a fluid stream flows without work on ths boundary of ths passage is called a noesis if the pressure de- creases...

State University CAD and Knowledge Solutions, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc. Â§{sun.liang, shuiwang is em- ployed for both sets of variables. In addition, we show that the CCA projection for one set

This paper presents an examination of numerical results for the buoyancy-driven convection heat transfer problem, in a two-dimensional enclosure under steady-state, laminar, incompressible, and temperature dependent viscosity fluid flow conditions. The vertical walls are exposed to different temperatures and the top and bottom are insulated. Rayleigh numbers of 10{sup 4}, 10{sup 5}, and 10{sup 6} are considered. Specific heat, thermal conductivity, and the thermal expansion coefficient are assumed constant. Density variation is included using the Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation. The results are obtained using the SIMPLEC solution technique based on a power-law, finite-volume discretization scheme. The hydrodynamic and thermal fields are presented at various locations in the enclosures.

A subcritical facility driven by an electron accelerator is planned at the Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT) in Ukraine for medical isotope production, materials research, training, and education. The conceptual design of the facility is being pursued through collaborations between ANL and KIPT. As part of the design effort, the high-fidelity analyses of various target options are performed with formulations to reflect the realistic configuration and the three dimensional geometry of each design. This report summarizes the results of target design optimization studies for electron beams with two different beam profiles. The target design optimization is performed via the sequential neutronic, thermal-hydraulic, and structural analyses for a comprehensive assessment of each configuration. First, a target CAD model is developed with proper emphasis on manufacturability to provide a basis for separate but consistent models for subsequent neutronic, thermal-hydraulic, and structural analyses. The optimizations are pursued for maximizing the neutron yield, streamlining the flow field to avoid hotspots, and minimizing the thermal stresses to increase the durability. In addition to general geometric modifications, the inlet/outlet channel configurations, target plate partitioning schemes, flow manipulations and rates, electron beam diameter/width options, and cladding material choices are included in the design optimizations. The electron beam interactions with the target assembly and the neutronic response of the subcritical facility are evaluated using the MCNPX code. the results for the electron beam energy deposition, neutron generation, and utilization in the subcritical pile are then used to characterize the axisymmetric heat generation profiles in the target assembly with explicit simulations of the beam tube, the coolant, the clad, and the target materials. Both tungsten and uranium are considered as target materials. Neutron spectra from tungsten and uranium are very similar allowing the use of either material in the subcritical assembly without changing its characteristics. However, the uranium target has a higher neutron yield, which increases the neutron flux of the subcritical assembly. Based on the considered dimensions and heat generation profiles, the commercial CFD software Star-CD is used for the thermal-hydraulic analysis of each target design to satisfy a set of thermal criteria, the most limiting of which being to maintain the water temperature 50 below the boiling point. It is found that the turbulence in the inlet channels dissipates quickly in narrow gaps between the target plates and, as a result, the heat transfer is limited by the laminar flow conditions. On average, 3-D CFD analyses of target assemblies agree well with 1-D calculations using RELAP (performed by KIPT). However, the recirculation and stagnation zones predicted with the CFD models prove the importance of a 3-D analysis to avoid the resulting hotspots. The calculated temperatures are subsequently used for the structural analysis of each target configuration to satisfy the other engineering design requirements. The thermo-structural calculations are performed mostly with NASTRAN and the results occasionally compared with the results from MARC. Both, NASTRAN and MARC are commercially available structural-mechanics analysis software. Although, a significant thermal gradient forms in target elements along the beam direction, the high thermal stresses are generally observed peripherally around the edge of thin target disks/plates. Due to its high thermal conductivity, temperatures and thermal stresses in tungsten target are estimated to be significantly lower than in uranium target. The deformations of the target disks/plates are found to be insignificant, which eliminate concerns for flow blockages in narrow coolant channels. Consistent with the specifications of the KIPT accelerator to be used in this facility, the electron beam power is 100-kW with electron energy in the range of 100 to 200 MeV. As expected, the 100 MeV el

Jayant K. Singh,1,a and Sang Kyu Kwak2 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute and the shift of the vapor-liquid critical point. Nevertheless, in recent years, with the discovery of well

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line indicates t = 1.025 s on the time axis .................. 98 Figure 5-38. An example of the third stage. Top: true dipoles responsible for ASSR and the dipole locations estimated by SAFFIRE-2 with 3-of-5 detector in 3D plot for data at around...

. The results are given in terms of the bearing capacity coefÂ®cients, and shape factors applic- able as modi, a theoretical development is shown indi- cating that the tedious calculations of work dissipation on curvedÂ®ers in the bearing capacity solution for strip footings. As expected, these factors approach unity with an increase

This study proposes a variational approach to adaptively determine the optimum radius of influence for ensemble covariance localization when uncorrelated observations are assimilated sequentially. The covariance localization is commonly used by ...

in the recently discovered graphene system since the required staggered magnetic flux in the model is extremely hard to achieve. A recent proposal predicts the QAHE in the Hg1?xMnxTe quantum wells [6] by doping Mn atoms in the quantum spin Hall system...

in which two opposite walls are roughened with parallel and crossed arrays of full ribs, cross-cut discrete ribs, and beveled discrete ribs. The discrete ribs are staggered in alternate rows of three and two ribs The rib-roughened channel models... and length on the convective heat transfer in nb-roughened triangular ducts. Ribs were placed on two of the three walls of the test ducts to model the internal cooling passage at the leading edge of a. turbine airfoil. The local heat transfer augmentation...

Motivated by a variety of theories that predict new effects, we tested the gravitational 1/r^2 law at separations between 10.77 mm and 137 microns using two different 10-fold azimuthally symmetric torsion pendulums and rotating 10-fold symmetric attractors. Our work improves upon other experiments by up to a factor of about 100. We found no deviation from Newtonian physics at the 95% confidence level and interpret these results as constraints on extensions of the Standard Model that predict Yukawa or power-law forces. We set a constraint on the largest single extra dimension (assuming toroidal compactification and that one extra dimension is significantly larger than all the others) of R = 1 are ruled out at 95% confidence for lambda >= 197 microns. Extra-dimensions scenarios stabilized by radions are restricted to unification masses M >= 3.0 TeV/c^2, regardless of the number of large extra dimensions. We also provide new constraints on power-law potentials V(r)\\propto r^{-k} with k between 2 and 5 and on the gamma_5 couplings of pseudoscalars with m <= 10 meV/c^2.

Motivated in large part by the possibility of observing signatures of compact extra dimensions, experimental searches for deviations from Newtonian gravity at short distances have improved in sensitivity by many orders of magnitude in the past five years. We review the essential features of the experiments responsible for the current limits on new effects in the range from a few microns to a few centimeters, and discuss prospects for the near future.

This abstract from AGCO presents the project objectives for the integration of advanced logistical systems and focused bioenergy harvesting technologies that supply crop residues and energy crops in a large bale format.

The discovery and timing of radio pulsars within the Galactic centre is a fundamental aspect of the SKA Science Case, responding to the topic of "Strong Field Tests of Gravity with Pulsars and Black Holes" (Kramer et al. 2004; Cordes et al. 2004). Pulsars have in many ways proven to be excellent tools for testing the General theory of Relativity and alternative gravity theories (see Wex (2014) for a recent review). Timing a pulsar in orbit around a companion, provides a unique way of probing the relativistic dynamics and spacetime of such a system. The strictest tests of gravity, in strong field conditions, are expected to come from a pulsar orbiting a black hole. In this sense, a pulsar in a close orbit ($P_{\\rm orb}$ < 1 yr) around our nearest supermassive black hole candidate, Sagittarius A* - at a distance of ~8.3 kpc in the Galactic centre (Gillessen et al. 2009a) - would be the ideal tool. Given the size of the orbit and the relativistic effects associated with it, even a slowly spinning pulsar would...

of a burning fuel for the generation of energy by means of nuclear fusion. The particular form of this equation root nonlinear reaction term. The original equation occurs in the study of plasma behavior in fusion provide fundamental understandings into how one should proceed with the construction of finite difference

Motivated by conventional gauge theories, we consider a theory of gravity in which the Einstein-Hilbert action is replaced by a term that is quadratic in the Riemann tensor. We focus on cosmological solutions to the field equations in flat, open and closed universes. The gravitational action is scale invariant, so the only matter source considered is radiation. The theory can also accommodate isotropic torsion and this generically removes singularities from the evolution equations. For general initial conditions the Hubble parameter H(t) is driven in a seemingly chaotic fashion by torsion to produce irregularly occuring inflationary regions. In the absence of torsion, the theory reproduces the standard cosmological solutions of a simple big bang model. A satisfying feature is that a cosmological constant arises naturally as a constant of integration, and does not have to be put into the Lagrangian by hand.

......substantial savings in computation costs and memory requirements can...is termed a B-spline and bs a B-spline coefficient Suppose...non-destructive testing of nuclear fuels and the investigation of nuclear decay schemes. For the absolute......

In this paper by deriving the Modified Friedmann equation in the Palatini formulation of $R^2$ gravity, first we discuss the problem of whether in Palatini formulation an additional $R^2$ term in Einstein's General Relativity action can drive an inflation. We show that the Palatini formulation of $R^2$ gravity cannot lead to the gravity-driven inflation as in the metric formalism. If considering no zero radiation and matter energy densities, we obtain that only under rather restrictive assumption about the radiation and matter energy densities there will be a mild power-law inflation $a(t)\\sim t^2$, which is obviously different from the original vacuum energy-like driven inflation. Then we demonstrate that in the Palatini formulation of a more generally modified gravity, i.e., the $1/R+R^2$ model that intends to explain both the current cosmic acceleration and early time inflation, accelerating cosmic expansion achieved at late Universe evolution times under the model parameters satisfying $\\alpha\\ll\\beta$.

High-order accurate schemes for conservation laws for unstructured meshes are not nearly so well advanced as such schemes for structured meshes. Consequently, little or nothing is known about the possible practical advantages of high-order discretization on unstructured meshes. This article is part of an ongoing effort to develop high-order schemes for unstructured meshes to the point where meaningful information can be obtained about the trade-offs involved in using spatial discretizations of higher than second-order accuracy on unstructured meshes. This article describes a high-order accurate ENO reconstruction scheme, called DD-L{sub 2}-ENO, for use with vertex-centered upwind flow solution algorithms on unstructured meshes. The solution of conservation equations in this context can be broken naturally into three phases: (1) solution reconstruction, in which a polynomial approximation of the solution is obtained in each control volume. (2) Flux integration around each control volume, using an appropriate flux function and a quadrature rule with accuracy commensurate with that of the reconstruction. (3) Time evolution, which may be implicit, explicit, multigrid, or some hybrid.

Jul 1, 2011 ... The first of these is the classical energy approach of [5, 16], which provides conservative ..... Standard software tools are freely available for posing and solving ... stability limit estimated by direct numerical simulation. ...... make assumptions identical to those in [9, 10] for the purposes of comparison.

Theoretical galaxy formation models are an established and powerful tool for interpreting the astrophysical significance of observational data, particularly galaxy surveys. Such models have been utilised with great success by optical surveys such as 2dFGRS and SDSS, but their application to radio surveys of cold gas in galaxies has been limited. In this chapter we describe recent developments in the modelling of the cold gas properties in the models, and how these developments are essential if they are to be applied to cold gas surveys of the kind that will be carried out with the SKA. By linking explicitly a galaxy's star formation rate to the abundance of molecular hydrogen in the galaxy rather than cold gas abundance, as was assumed previously, the latest models reproduce naturally many of the global atomic and molecular hydrogen properties of observed galaxies. We review some of the key results of the latest models and highlight areas where further developments are necessary. We discuss also how model pre...

A method using modulated continuous wave (CW) visible laser to measure time-resolved fluorescence spectra of trivalent rare-earth ions has been developed. Electro-optic modulator was used to modulate the CW pumping laser with a rise time of 2 ?s. CW Nd{sup 3+} lasers were used as examples to present the method. Upconversion dynamic process of Ho{sup 3+} was studied utilizing a 532 nm CW laser. Quantum cutting dynamic process from Tb{sup 3+} to Yb{sup 3+} was analyzed by a 473 nm CW laser. This method can be applied to any CW laser such as He-Ne laser, Ar{sup +} laser, Kr{sup +} laser, Ti:sapphire laser, etc.

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Department of Computer Science Aalto University, Finland University of Helsinki, Finland Abstract--For mobile This work was supported by the Academy of Finland in the RESMAN project (grant no. 134363). and level

processing, signal processing, communication, and control engineering [1]. However, filtering performance may provides an energy bounded gain from the noise inputs to the estimation error without the need uncertainties and non-Gaussian noises, but its design is too conservative and there is no provision to ensure

The asymptotic frequency $\\omega$, dependence of the dynamic viscosity of neutral hard sphere colloidal suspensions is shown to be of the form $\\eta_0 A(\\phi) (\\omega \\tau_P)^{-1/2}$, where $A(\\phi)$ has been determined as a function of the volume fraction $\\phi$, for all concentrations in the fluid range, $\\eta_0$ is the solvent viscosity and $\\tau_P$ the P\\'{e}clet time. For a soft potential it is shown that, to leading order steepness, the asymptotic behavior is the same as that for the hard sphere potential and a condition for the cross-over behavior to $1/\\omega \\tau_P$ is given. Our result for the hard sphere potential generalizes a result of Cichocki and Felderhof obtained at low concentrations and agrees well with the experiments of van der Werff et al, if the usual Stokes-Einstein diffusion coefficient $D_0$ in the Smoluchowski operator is consistently replaced by the short-time self diffusion coefficient $D_s(\\phi)$ for non-dilute colloidal suspensions.

For (2+1)-dimensional spacetimes with the spatial topology of a torus, the transformation between the Chern-Simons and ADM versions of quantum gravity is constructed explicitly, and the wave functions are compared. It is shown that Chern-Simons wave functions correspond to modular forms of weight 1/2, that is, spinors on the ADM moduli space, and that their evolution (in York's ``extrinsic time'' variable) is described by a Dirac equation. (This version replaces paper 9109006, which was garbled by my mailer.)

used for controller evaluation is a custom built small-scale water chiller with three evaporators; each evaporator services a separate body of water, referred to as a cooling zone. The three evaporators are connected to a single condenser and variable...

to J@(x) Order of the approximant which approximates J (x) to a relative o -4- error less than 10 44 Order of the approximant which approximates Jl(x) to a relative -4 error less than 10 10 Order of the approximant which approximates J4(x) to a... relative -4- error less than 10 Figure Page Order of the approximant which approximates J&(x) to a relative error less than 10 ? 4 4c 12 14 Relative error in the 4, 4 approximant to J. (x) Relative error in the 4, 4 approximant to J4 (x) 4r...

...and politics (University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, 1988...them there are from 2 to 8 Log books deposited every year in the Navy Office; those log books give the wind and weather...literature on this topic-- as well as a thorough examination...

% of total energy consumption. It is a global imperative to develop systems that improve the livability of cities while dramatically reducing resource consumption. This workshop will explore new urban systems for high-density cities including systems for mobility, energy, food production, and live

,4 Gibbs-Duhem integration GDI ,5 and N-P-T +test particle.6Â­8 Panagiotopoulos used GEMC to obtain, Sarkisov and Monson used GDI to get the phase behavior in a disordered porous structure,10 and Forsman

this doesn't show up in the covariance matrix. Of course if a Gaussian generator is used for both independent draws; therefore it takes the first Central-Limit step toward being Gaussian, assuming that the generators were not for Gaussian random variables. I have run this algorithm with uniform random variables

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We perform numerical simulations of a simple model of one-patch colloidal particles to investigate: (i) the behavior of the gas-liquid phase diagram on moving from a spherical attractive potential to a Janus potential and (ii) the collective structure of a system of Janus particles. We show that, for the case where one of the two hemispheres is attractive and one is repulsive, the system organizes into a dispersion of orientational ordered micelles and vesicles and, at low $T$, the system can be approximated as a fluid of such clusters, interacting essentially via excluded volume. The stability of this cluster phase generates a very peculiar shape of the gas and liquid coexisting densities, with a gas coexistence density which increases on cooling, approaching the liquid coexistence density at very low $T$.

Building on President Obama’s Climate Action Plan and the Administration’s Better Buildings Challenge, the Energy Department announced today that Better Buildings Challenge partners are on track to meet their energy performance goals in their second year, saving approximately $100 million a year.

Building on President Obama’s Climate Action Plan, the Energy Department announced today that more than 20 new partners have committed to improving energy efficiency across their respective building portfolios by 20 percent over the next ten years.

consumption and greenhouse gas emissions have become social and political issues of global importance and long-term significance. Much attention is currently being paid to reducing the energy consumption of transportation, Prof Tucker will focus on the energy consumption of the Internet and related communications

...blending prob- lem of gasolines or chicken feed. These...approximated by a series of straight lines. In our objective...approximated by a series of straight lines connecting selected...is automatically re-run using as input only the...summit composition was run sepa- rately with 1955-Early...

are compared with predictions from the statistical associating fluid theory SAFT , and SAFT is shown to give has been applied with the statistical associating fluid theory SAFT treatment of associating fluids

...1324 Structural development of vortical flows...the structural development of the entire...the structural development of the jet wake...computer hardware technology and computational...sewerage outfalls, gas- turbine cooling, and...

The interdependency of transportation investment and land use has yet to be fully understood to quantify the benefits of transit infrastructure. Researchers agree on the complex relationship of urban systems, particularly ...

This thesis deals with a process of analyzing specific examples in traditional Chinese architecture in an attempt to understand and identify the underlying principles that make it essentially Chinese. The basic intent is ...

Commercial Building Energy Asset Score Data Collection Priority Map Commercial Building Energy Asset Score Data Collection Priority Map Type Page OFFICE* 1-2 RETAIL 3 SCHOOL 4 WAREHOUSE 5 LODGING* 6 MULTI-FAMILY* 7 ASSEMBLY 8 APPENDIX: ASHRAE CLIMATE ZONE MAP 9 * For the purposes of this guide, some use types have multiple tables based on building size. If you're uncertain which size applies to your building, use your best judgment or consult more than one table. The size categories are meant as general guidelines but do not correspond to specific ranges in squarefootage. OFFICE Large Office Priorities by Climate Zones 1A 1B 2A 2B 3A 3B 3C 4A 4B 4C 5A 5B 5C 6A 6B 7 8 Lighting High High High High High High High High High High High High High High High High High Lighting Controls High High High High High High High High High High High High High High High High High

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This report addresses the opportunities available to make multifamily housing more affordable by using energy efficiency practices in housing rehabilitation. Use of the energy conservation measures discussed in this report enables developers of multifamily housing to substantially reduce annual energy costs. The reduction in natural gas usage was found to be approximately 10 Btu per square foot per heating degree-day. The study focuses on a number of Chicago multifamily buildings. The buildings were examined to compare energy efficiency measures that are commonly found in multifamily building rehabilitation with the high-energy-efficiency (HE) techniques that are currently available to community developers but are often unused. The HE measures include R-43 insulation in attics, R-19 insulation in exterior walls, low-emissivity coatings on windows, air infiltration sealing, and HE heating systems. The report describes the HE features and their potential benefits for making housing more affordable. It also describes the factors influencing acceptance. This report makes recommendations for expanding cost-effective energy conservation in the multifamily building sector. Among the recommendations are: expand HE rehab and retrofit techniques to multifamily building rehabs in which demolition of the interior structures is not required (moderate rehabs) or buildings are not vacant (e.g., weatherization upgrades); and expand research into the special opportunities for incorporating energy conservation in low-income communities.

In this thesis, a system called Video Looping is developed to analyze human cyclic motions. Video Looping allows users to extract human cyclic motion from a given video sequence. This system analyzes similarities from a large amount of live footage...

.E. Asian Tsunamis, the London subway bombings, the Katrina hurricane, to name a few) have demonstrated satellite maps and data such as sensor data, audio-visual footage related to the disaster etc., at one place

Community gardens are one of the most popular uses of vacant space in the United States; there are likely over 6,000 operating in the country today. Although only a tiny portion of the population has ever participated in ...

... many of its top jobs - posts which remain vacant include the directorship of the Office of ... of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), the chairmanship of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the ...

Communities across the country struggle with the challenge of redeveloping vacant or underused, contaminated land, commonly referred to as "brownfields." Brownfields blight their neighborhoods and cause damage relating to ...

The Green Line or hydro corridors of Toronto are sprawling lengths of continuous, mostly vacant land used for the primary purpose of transmitting electricity. They are unusual terrain, physically sparse but culturally ...

This thesis studies the restructuring of a vacant parochial school in East Boston, Massachusetts, to 17 residential units of varying sizes. It formulates a process for dismantling the authoritarian imagery of the existing ...