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Subject: Emerging and epidemic diseases

This issue of Directions in Global Health profiles five aspects of PATH's work: our regional efforts to control tuberculosis, the development of and new applications for the Uniject device, a study evaluating storage of hepatitis B vaccine outside of the cold chain, promotion of condom use among young people, and PATH's procurement team.

This policy brief describes the study objectives, methodology, and findings from the PATH Convergence Project in India. The brief includes recommendations for developing a national policy in India to converge HIV and reproductive health services for people with HIV and for those most at risk.

This is the newsletter of APHIA II Western, a USAID-funded project that aims to promote the adoption of healthier behaviors, increase the use of HIV and AIDS health services, and promote family planning/reproductive, maternal and child health, tuberculosis, and malaria prevention services in Western Kenya. It also aims to work with communities to enhance access to health services for pregnant mothers, comprehensive care for orphans and vulnerable children, and fight HIV-related stigma and discrimination and gender-based violence.

This toolkit aims to provide interpersonal communication methods to help key population communities identify and address barriers to putting HIV prevention messages into practice in their own lives and within their own contexts. This toolkit was developed by PATH for nongovernmental and community-based organizations and for government health care providers working with key populations on targeted interventions. The methods can also be adapted for use by organizations working on HIV care, support, and treatment.

This book contains descriptions of selected CHAPS projects from Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. CHAPS aimed to improve health, well being, and gender relations of communities by identifying, revising, and promoting cultural practices and beliefs through a small grants program. The stories contained in this book are more than project descriptions; they provide an opportunity to discuss and reflect on culture and health.

PATH's TB/HIV Project in Tanzania spearheads the scale-up of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV services in four different regions of the country. The project works in collaboration with the National TB and Leprosy Programme, the National AIDS Control Programme, the Association of Private Health Facilities in Tanzania, the US Agency for International Development, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other stakeholders. This article is a snapshot of PATH's TB/HIV work in Tanzania.

PATH has worked successfully in tuberculosis control in Ukraine in close collaboration with local, national, and international partners since its work as a subcontractor to the World Health Organization (WHO). With support from the US Agency for International Development, PATH is now expanding comprehensive activities to expand DOTS in eight regions of the country. This article outlines project goals, accomplishments, and partners.

PATH, with support from the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the Global Fund, and the Capacity Project, is currently working in Kenya to scale up tuberculosis and HIV activities in 15 districts and at the national level. This fact sheet details PATH's achievements in the field, with a special focus on community involvement.

Influenza viruses present one of the major infectious disease threats to the human population, with the recently emerging, highly pathogenic avian influenza strain, H5N1, causing particular concern. A virulent influenza pandemic has the potential to kill more than 100 million people worldwide. This paper analyzes the current supply of influenza vaccines, the predicted demand for influenza vaccines in case of a pandemic, and new vaccine technologies that could provide for the world’s demand in a pandemic situation.

This edition of PATH Today features the article "Preventing malaria and saving lives" and includes updates on PATH's AfriComNet award for magnet theater, the PATH Journeys donor travel program, the 2007 Breakfast for Global Health, and Global Impact. The issue also includes a profile of PATH donor Erick Rabins.

PATH developed this manual for community health workers to facilitate and support the implementation of the AIDS, Population, and Health Integrated Assistance (APHIA) II project’s community-based activities in Eastern, Nyanza, and Western provinces of Kenya. The manual was developed with funding from the US Agency for International Development. It is available as one large file or as 17 smaller files.

Dr. Chilandu Mukuka, the deputy coordinator of the Zambia Ministry of Health's National Malaria Control Programme, reflects on the stresses inherent to rapidly making the range of malaria interventions available at the national level and the remarkable progress being made on malaria control in Zambia.

This guide was developed by PATH as part of the Kenya Adolescent Reproductive Health Project (KARHP) Tuko Pamoja ("We are together") series. It is intended to be used by peer educators facilitating discussion groups with in- and out-of-school youth. The guide will help peer educators share information and lead discussions with their peers on addressing physical and emotional changes during adolescence, staying healthy, planning for the future, making good decisions, and preventing pregnancy and HIV and AIDS. It can also be used as a reference for peer educators to learn more about the different topics. The guide is available as one large file or as multiple smaller sections for ease of downloading.

This report shares findings from an assessment of how access to critical services for populations at risk of HIV and unintended pregnancy can be strengthened by converging HIV and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services under the National Rural Health Mission and the National AIDS Control Programme in India. The report provides information on the demand for, opportunities for, and challenges of implementing HIV and SRH convergence in four Indian states—Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. The report is available as one large file or as two smaller sections for easier downloading.

This edition of PATH Today features the article "Magnet theater: setting the stage for transformation," updates on the pneumococcal vaccine, May 2007 Breakfast for Global Health, Charity Navigator rating, and the spring Bottom Line breakfast event.