As of 2004 though, a new classification system was proposed that would change the name of X. campestris pv vesicatoria to X. euvesicatoria (previously group A), and recognized the species X. vesicatoria (group B), X. perforans (group C), and X. gardneri (group D). These changes have yet to be fully recognized, so this article will include information on all groups (A, B, C, and D) of bacterial leaf spot causing Xanthomonads. (wikipedia.org)

chemical treatments with sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and hot cupuric acetate or zinc sulfate may also be used Control of insects Crop rotation with non-cruciferous plants (3-4 years) Removal of crop debris after harvest Control of cruciferous weeds that may serve as reservoir for the pathogen Sanitation (e.g., clean equipment, avoiding work in wet fields, etc. (wikipedia.org)

These new and evolving techniques are enabling the study of virulence (the disease severity) and pathogenicity (the ability to cause disease), strain (descendants of a single isolation in culture) identification and typing (similarity or difference analysis relative to other strains), evolution and spread of bacteria, gene expression and gene regulation. (apsnet.org)

Individual bacterial cells cannot be seen without the use of a microscope, however, large populations of bacteria become visible as aggregates in liquid, as biofilms on plants, as viscous suspensions plugging plant vessels, or colonies on petri dishes in the laboratory. (apsnet.org)

The most exciting and current areas of research on plant-associated bacteria are the result of new intellectual discoveries, analyses and fields of study, new techniques and new instrumentation unavailable even a decade ago. (apsnet.org)

Geomyces pannorum has also been recovered from glacier bank soils in Kashmir, India, at an elevation of over 3000 metres, where temperatures rarely exceed 10 °C. This species can survive in arctic cryopegs consisting of super-cooled hypersaline liquid water deposits found beneath or within large masses of ice. (wikipedia.org)