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The Canadian government has used 9/11 and the consequential focus on security as a cover for negotiating an agreement with the United States which would deflect Canada-bound asylum seekers who pass through the United States. Is this agreement really about security? If not, what is the agreement about? The paper assesses the likely impact of the agreement on security - on Canada, on the US, and on refugees?

Migration law asks three questions: Who gets in? On what terms? Who decides who gets in? In Canadian jurisprudence, the answers to these questions once depended on the interaction of domestic administrative case law with Canada’s international human rights obligations. With the advent of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, a triangular relationship developed, and the answers are now caught in the messy nexus of three dyads: administrative law/international law, Charter/administrative law, and Charter/international law.

This essay focuses on policies adopted in one country of immigration – Canada – in order to explore the complex positioning of women within diasporic communities. The author’s interest lies in the approach that emphasizes the procedural aspect of citizenship and promotes the participation of members of various identity groups in the political, social, and judicial institutions that shape the national community.

I contend that the securitization of citizenship operates by making acquisition of a second citizenship less attainable for refugees and other forced migrants and, paradoxically, by making birthright citizenship itself less secure for certain members of diasporic communities who already possess dual nationality.

By studying the multiple aspects of migration, specialists from various fields consider the individual logic in a social environment, political and identity discourses, sovereignty and security issues, migration as a vector of social transformation and migration as a human right.