Thank, one of the best Evidence Teachers on the Planet, for the acronym -- ADEM P. BOPP. I'm forever grateful that Justice Bernard Jefferson was my Evidence Teacher! I introduced my own Paralegal students to ADEM P. BOPP for 30 years and one of my Paralegal students, engaged to a Lawyer, told him about ADEM P. BOPP and he was astounded at her comprehension. I've broken the Hearsay Rule and its 9 Exceptions down into 9 parts. Here's Part 1:

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WHY ADEM P. BOPP IS YOUR KIND OF GUY !

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Justice Jefferson would come by the Law Office of Broady, Scarlett & Roberson, (TeachBlade's first Legal Assistant position 1967) and "talk shop" mentoring the younger lawyers, including Attorney Johnnie L. Cochran, Jr. If you wondered about Johnnie's acumen in Evidence Law, then look no farther than Justice Jefferson and ADEM P. BOPP.

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Court of Appeals Justice Bernard Jefferson and President of, and Evidence Teacher at, the University of West LA Law School, in writing the nationwide treatise, "Jefferson's Benchbook on Evidence" -- was magical in teaching the complex, simplistically and rendering his teaching unforgettable.

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"Jefferson's Benchbook on Evidence" is still recognized in Courts nationwide, as persuasive authority. You just can't forget ADEM P. BOPP, and will Love the simplicity Justice Jefferson lends to learning the Hearsay Rule and its Exceptions!

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Justice Jefferson's Evidence lesson on Hearsay and its Exceptions so impressed the ABA-Visitation Team (that audited West LA College's Paralegal Program for ABA-Approval), and upon observing my teaching the Evidence Course and introducing the team to ADEM P. BOPP, they were convinced of the efficacy of the program. Three months later, West Los Angeles College's Paralegal Studies Program was ABA-Approved. ABA-Approval from the American Bar Association, is the highest academic honor a Paralegal Studies Program can receive.

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You might want to bookmark this page, and the other 8 pages of this 9 part series, for what's certain to be, future reference.

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Teachblade's Lecture on what is Hearsay and Exceptions to the Hearsay Rule.

BEFORE BEFORE MEETING ADEM P. BOPP -- WHAT IS HEARSAY?

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Hearsay is an out of court statement, that was said, seen or heardoutside of court now being brought into court to prove the truth of what was said, seen or heard outsideof court.

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Why should anybody inside the court believe what was said, seen or heard outside of court? The people in court weren't there. Accepting as Evidence inside Court what was said, seen or heard outside of Court, is a really high hurdle to overcome because the Judge challenges the trustworthiness of it—whether it happened at all. It was produced outside the court and no one saw it. Therefore, Most evidence is Hearsay—and it is barred from being admitted into court and finding its way to the Jury.

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It’s the Court’s belief that if someone has made a statement that is relevant to a case, then the witness should come into court and testify to those facts which is a lot more trustworthy. Hearsay is sometimes referred to as "second-hand evidence" or "rumor".

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There are times, however, when the Declarant (the person who made the statement) is required to be unavailable before that Declarant’s testimony can be admitted into evidence. (Otherwise, the Declarant should come into court and testify himself or herself.) In those exceptions that require the Declarant to be “unavailable”, they’ll be noted below. The witness is “unavailable” if he or she is dead; ill (physically or mentally); beyond the court’s jurisdiction; or refusal to testify. When the Declarant is “unavailable”, then the Declarant’s testimony can be read into the court’s record.

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BEFORE MEETING ADEM P. BOPP -- WHY IS HEARSAY BARRED?

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The Judge trying the case with or without a Jury, is mandated by Law to accept only the Best Evidence and the Most Trustworthy Evidence, in order for the Jury to make a fair and just decision. As a result, Most evidence is suspect, and must get past the Judges “filters” before it could ever reach a Jury. The Judge is always “The Gatekeeper”, who makes all decisions of “questions of law”. If the Judge is sitting without a jury, then he or she makes decisions of “Fact” as well decisions of "Law". If there is a Jury, then the Jury makes decisions of “Fact” (guilt or innocence or liability or non-liability.)

If a Paralegal begins work in a Law Firm handling Civil Litigation, such as Family Law, Personal Injury, Unlawful Detainers, Probate, etc., then there won't be a pleading to draft and prepare in final format, more frequently and more important to the success of the case, than the Declaration for the reason stated above in the "bullet point".

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What follows are the nuts and bolts preparation and formatting of a Declaration in a California State Court. The substance of the Declaration and its formatting is generally universal, excepting the mandates of any Local Rules of Court in your State's jurisdiction. You should read and follow the discussion regarding set up because what the Declaration contains And its format are equally critical to your Declaration being admissible as Evidence.

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If the Declaration is Fatal, then your Lawyer has no "Written Testimony" (or Evidence that is Hearsay, but admissible under the Hearsay Exception of "Prior Testimony" or "Past Recollection Recorded") in support of his or her motion; which means the motion will not be granted; which means your Lawyer will be an unhappy camper, because she or he will know why his or her motion was not granted. (The Judge is ticked off and hence, will tell your Lawyer his declaration was fatal and motion was denied -- in front of the whole world in the courtroom. OMG.)

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BE CERTAIN -- that one of your paragraphs [just after the "competency" clause] states the facts surrounding your lawyer's attempt to "informally" resolve the issue that now brings your lawyers before the court seeking relief. Attach all supporting documents evidencing prior attempts to informally resolve, i.e., letters sent "certified mail, return receipt requested" (in anticipation of a motion).

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Judges rely heavily on the Declarations to shorten hearings; and the Judge knows the Declaration represents Evidence. The statements made in the Declaration are the functional equivalent of swearing on a witness stand to tell the truth.

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In lieu of that physical act of swearing, the Declaration is accepted as "Prior Testimony" or "Past Recollection Recorded", both exceptions to the Hearsay Rule" and therefore admissible into Evidence.

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If you've done one Declaration in the following manner, you have done 10,000; because the format and requirements are the same; and your Declaration will be "court-compliant". It's part and parcel of The Legal Process of any Motion, so here's a quantum kick.

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As you know from a recent Blog on the Hearsay Rule and ADEM P. BOPP (Exceptions to the Hearsay Rule), an out-of-court statement now being brought into court to prove the truth of the matter asserted, is classic Hearsay. One of the exceptions to the Hearsay Rule is "Prior [written] Testimony". A Declaration is in fact Hearsay, but becomes an exception (of "Prior Testimony) because it is "sworn" testimony; and therefore, admissible as evidence.

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(The Mandatory last paragraph of any declaration is its "sworn" statement: "I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct and that this declaration was executed on August 20, 2013 at Los Angeles, CA.") It's the functional equivalent of a physical swearing in a court of law.

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Also, there are two (2) mandatory clauses required in a Declaration to avoid it becoming fatal, and allowing for its admissibility as testimonial evidence; namely, the "Competency" Clause and the "Penalty of Perjury" Clause. Both clauses are identified in the Declaration set forth below. The Penalty of Perjury Clause below is the functional equivalent of raising one's hand in court and swearing to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help you God.

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Courts love Declarations because it helps to dispense with "live" testimony in court where the court's calendar of cases is quite heavy; and budget constraints makes the declaration imperative. Each and every Declaration, regardless of how short or lengthy, (keep it short), requires the two mandatory clauses identified in the Declaration below. Every other statement, in between the two mandatory clauses, should be statements of FACT--not conclusions nor opinions--but facts.

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(Only witnesses who have been authenticated as Expert Witness may testify as to his or her "opinion". Everyone else must testify to those things they perceived with their senses and state those perceptions as statements of fact.

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The Mandatory Competency Clause "authenticates" the witness (or declarant speaking in the Declaration)--just like a Lawyer would have to authenticate a witness in court. The written Competency Clause requires the declarant (the one signing the declaration) to state that s/he would testify competently, (meaning they're not a minor, have not been adjudged incompetent and are not an "octogenarian". Also, that the declarant is truthfully testifying); and that the declarant is stating facts that are within his or her own personal knowledge or observation.

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A fact can also be based on information and belief that the witness (or declarant) believes to be true; that s/he would have evidence available to present to the court to establish the truth of their statement; and would be written as follows: "I am informed and believe, and based thereon allege that trial may already be set and outstanding discovery would not be completed within 30 days before the scheduled trial."

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The Mandatory Penalty of Perjury Clause is a sworn statement of the declarant that what has been written is true, factually correct and that the declarant is swearing under penalty of perjury; and states when and where the declaration was executed.

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If either one of these two (2) mandatory clauses is missing from the declaration, then it is fatal, unless in-court-testimony would be allowed and the declarant making the declaration is present in court on the day the motion is heard.

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Formatting of the declaration is equally important as it must comply with the Local Rules of Court for the jurisdictional location in which the case is before the court. If the case is to be heard in San Diego, California, then you must read the Local Rules of Court for the Southern District of California to ensure you comply with filing requirements of the court. If the case is to be heard in Los Angeles, then the Local Rules of Court for the Central District of California should be read. Of course, the California Rules of Court should also be read.

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When reading the rules of court (and hence, rules of law), the words "shall" and/or "must" are "mandatory language" and each directive following the words "shall" and/or "must" must be followed and literally interpreted exactly as it is written.

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If the language states the auxillary verb "may", then the directive is "permissive" or "discretionary". For example, the judge "has discretion" to grant the motion, (which means the judge "may" grant the motion.)

Any language stated in this Blog that uses the auxilliary verbs "shall" and/or "must" means also that it is a mandatory requirement of the Court; and every succeeding word following the auxilliary verbs "shall" and/or "must" -- must be literally interpreted and followed to the letter.

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The Court-compliant Declaration also must be on ruled paper (Lines 1 -28). The Attorney's name must be followed by his or her State Bar Number. The language "Attorney for Petitioner, Susan Gadabout", should be positioned on Line 5. The Name of the Court should be positioned on Line 8. the Location of the Court should be positioned on Line 9. The beginning of the Case Caption should begin on Line 11.

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The Declaration must contain a footer identifying the name of the document and consecutive page numbers.

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Any Exhibits submitted with the Declaration must be identified and paginated in consecutive order following the last numbered page of the pleading and tabs (extending beyond the bottom edge of the page) must also be included with a notation on each tab referencing the document to which it refers.

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Any court hearing date to which the declaration relates must also be on the face of the Declaration, along with the time and location of the hearing .

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The footer should be in 10 pitch while the body of the pleading should be in 12 pitch with a common font such as "Courier New", or "Times Roman". Any other non-traditional font may not transfer correctly, if the declaration is submitted electronically. To avoid that result, you should first scan or save the document in PDF format, before electronically transmitting it so that the typed format transfers uninterruptedly in PDF format.

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All pleadings must be double-spaced, excepting the case caption that is single-spaced in the areas set forth below in the sample declaration.

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_______________________________________

SEE FORMATTED DECLARATION BELOW.

The "Line numbers", below, refer to

Ruled Pleadings Paper, numbers 1-28.

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QUANTUM KICK, ESQ., SB #12345 [State Bar No. is mandatory]

TEHACHAPI COURT SERVICES

3355 West Working Street

Tehachapi, CA 93561

661-822-1994

Attorneys for Petitioner, [Line 5]

SUSAN GADABOUT

SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA [Line 8 & centered]

COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, CENTRAL DISTRICT [Line 9 & centered]

IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF

SUSAN GADABOUT,

Petitioner,

v.

HANDSOME GADABOUT,

Respondent.

________________________________

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CASE NO. BD 236 789

[Line 11]

PETITIONER’S SUPPLEMENTAL DECLARATION IN SUPPORT OF REQUEST FOR ATTORNEY’S FEES AND COSTS

RFO Hearing: Aug. 9, 2017

Time : 8:30 am

Location : Department C

I, SUSAN GADABOUT, state and declare:

1. I am the Petitioner in this action. If called as a witness, I could and would

testify truthfully and competently to the following facts which are within my own

personal knowledge as follows: [This is a Mandatory Competency Clause.]

2. I offer my declaration in lieu of personal testimony pursuant to the

[A declaration is always written in the First Person (“I”), case citations are always

written in (1) italics; or (2) bolded; or (3) underlined. Never both.]

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MY 20-YEAR-MARRIAGE TO RESPONDENT [Bullet Points help to focus

IS DEFINED AS A LONG-TERM MARRIAGE. The Judge on Major Points]

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3. The Respondent and I married on Jan. 5, 1992 and separated on January 5,

2012, for a period of marriage of 20 years.

4. I am informed and believe, and based thereon allege that the my marriage is

considered a long-term marriage.

5. Respondent and I are the parents of three minor children who were born

during the period of the marriage; and are 6, 10 and 14 years. For the past 14 years,

I’ve been the primary care provider for the children and the parent most likely to

facilitate the parent-child relationship with the other parent.

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PETITIONER HAS A NEED FOR SUPPORT,

ATTORNEY’S FEES AND COURT COSTS TO

LITIGATE AND PROTECT HER INTERESTS.

6. During the entire period of the long-term marriage, the Respondent desired

that I remain a homemaker. As a result of remaining in the home, I’ve lost

marketable skills and am in need of child and spousal support. I am also in need of

contribution from Respondent for reasonable attorney’s fees and costs to litigate

the instant action to protect my interests and interest of the minor children. My

current Income and Expense Declaration was filed concurrently with the instant

order to show cause hearing.

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THE RESPONDENT HAS BEEN A MEDICAL

DOCTOR FOR THE PAST 20 YEARS. AS A

RESULT, RESPONDENT HAS THE ABILITY

TO PAY REASONABLE SUPPORT AND

ATTORNEY’S FEES AND COSTS.

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7. Respondent has been a practicing physician for the past 20 years of the

marriage. He has no other children nor family that he has ever supported.

Respondent’s Income and Expense Declaration will reflect that he has ample funds

with which to contribute to the Petitioner’s reasonable attorney’s fees and court

costs to protect the Petitioner’s interests and those of the minor children.

Accordingly, Petitioner requests the court to make a reasonable award of attorney’s

fees and costs to Petitioner’s attorney, Quantum Kick, Esq.

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I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true & correct and that

this declaration was executed on Sept. 19, 2017, at Los Angeles, California.

[This is a Mandatory Penalty of Perjury Clause.]

___________________________________

SUSAN GADABOUT, Declarant

[Person speaking who Speaks In The First Person

herein, is always called the Declarant.]

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In addition: A Footer [displaying the Title of the Document and consecutive Page Numbering] is also mandatory. Any evidentiary attachments [Exhibits] are also required to be paginated consecutively, following the Signature Page of the Declaration. The [attachments] are also required to be [tabbed] with a tab that extends beyond the length of the 8-1/2 x 11 page, so it's easily discerned.

LDA#131 FOR 47 YEARS. THANK YOU CEB ("Continuing Education of the Bar")

BLOG AUTHOR, ATTORNEY JULIE BROOK, FOR THE INVITATION AND HONOR.

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A PARALEGAL TIP THAT'S OLD AS DIRT AND PURE GOLD!

JUST ASK ANY LAWYER. IN FACT, WHAT YOU LEARN HERE

IS GREAT CONVERSATION WITH ANY LAWYER -- AND MORE

IMPORTANTLY, THE "SUPER LAWYERS". WHY THE "SUPER

LAWYERS"? YOU'RE KIDDING ME BY ASKING, RIGHT?

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The [Core] of [any] Law Practice that's making money in America, is a [thorough] working knowledge of [Basic Litigation]. Ask any Lawyer.

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For example, there will [always be] auto accidents and/or unintentional injury to persons [that's negligence on a daily basis]; family law matters [of the human condition on a daily basis], as well as most other disciplines, that will involve some form of [Basic Litigation practice skills.]

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The [Corporations] Department the [Toxic Waste Analysis] Department, the [Mergers & Acquisition] Department, or some other narrowly-defined practice area -- can and will phase out its operations tomorrow. You can be [the most asute Paralegal] in those practice areas. However, without being grounded in [Basic Litigation] skills, you cannot make a seamless transition to an area of Law that's as [old as dirt] and will still be functional, decades after the other departments have ceased to exist.

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Quite the contrary, [Basic Litigation] -- that involves a thorough grasp of how to [think through] the law and then learning [how to] draft a complaint; an answer [to a complaint]; a demurrer [to a complaint]; a motion to quash [service of a complaint]; a motion to strike [portions of a complaint]; a motion for summary judgment [or partial adjudication of issues]; a motion for joinder [of a 3rd party possessing a community property interest of the core parties in the action]; a motion to compel [answers to Interrogs or Requests for Admissions or Production of Documents]; a motion [to further compel]; a supporting and/or supplemental declaration; an ex parte application; and discovery -- and do it all as well as the Lawyer -- will serve you well for the rest of your legal career.

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Learn any specialty you want, but nevermiss learning nor lose your working knowledge of Basic Litigation practice skills. Even e-Discovery is bottomed in Basic Litigation practice knowledge. Those software programs come and go, but your personal working knowledge of Basic Litigation will always find you working. If a [machine] is required for you to make money in Law, then a [machine] can replace you.

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You [will not and cannot] learn what you must learn -- through osmosis. There's no [genie in a bottle]. There's no [machine] that will do it for you. You must learn the [nuts and bolts] of how to think and analyze the law and how to apply it -- just like the rest of us. There is no escaping the procedural process if you're bent on remaining viable as a Paralegal; and still standing 4 decades later.

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You do not remain standing by accident!! You either know it, or you don't! You can be the color of green with pink polka dots. If you know Basic Litigation practice skills, you'll Neverbe unemployed -- Never -- decade after decade after decade!! Therein is the Power of Basic Litigation Practice Skills.

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To amplify this fact, I taught a Paralegal Graduate in my class while teaching in Orange County for 10 years. Her face was disfigured from a fire at an early age, and she was very dark-skinned -- in Orange County. I Knew that she had to become The Best in order to compete -- and she was.

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Upon graduation, she was hired at an Unlawful Detainer law firm that had a prolific practice. The Partners of the firm would not leave the office until she arrived at the law firm each morning. She was That good. I know. I taught her Everything I knew. She [knew] how to think and analyze the relevant law, apply the law to the facts of each case, and how to prepare the entirety of the documents required for a lawful eviction. Her work performance then became effortless and very valuable. How's she doing now? She's employed some where and doing just fine in whatever law firms she enters -- She knows [Basic Litigation]!

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You're on the right site to learn the nuts and bolts of Litigation. There are over 300 posts in the Archives that relate directly with Litigation practice skills you should develop, and quickly. Time is Money.

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Those of you who learn it, will be standing long after the dust has cleared. We're talking about Performance education over Obscure Education and Performance Education is precisely what Lawyers want! Just Ask A Lawyer.

As an Industry Leader in ABA-Approved College, Law Office Practice Instruction for 30 Yrs, and working in tandem as a Paralegal for major law firms the past 46 years, Teachblade was honored & invited as a Member of CEB on Linkedin by CEB Blog Editor, Attorney Julie Brook. CEB (Continuing Education of the Bar) has been a Market Leader in the delivery of Legal Resources to the Legal Community for the past 30 years. Under the leadership of its Blog Editor, it continues to provide up-to-the-minute guidance for Lawyers and their Legal Staff. Attorney Brook is also the Coordinator of CEB's Google+ Community (where there's relevant info to your practice, every day). If you haven't joined CEB's Google+ Community as yet, I'm sorry for your loss. It's not too late to "get in the loop", at http://bit.ly/10Ly1Gv. Over the past 30 years, I have personal knowledge that "CEB" is synonymous with "Excellence".

Paralegal Brain The Blog, (“PBTB”), a Division of Tehachapi Court Services Paralegal Support & Legal Document Assistance Division, with Blog Editor, Barb Teachblade Reynolds, is a Blog to assist you in becoming “Job-Ready, Day-One”. It's a “Value- Added-Continuum” of Learning for Paralegals and Legal Assistants In Real Time with Substantive Law and the equally important, Law Office Practice Procedures.

The Blog is Teachblade's signature teaching (of textbook, substantive law in law office practice skills context), that has translated into "Job-Ready,Day-One" functionality of her Paralegal Students for over 30 years. Having learned "functionality" -- in the classroom -- how to anticipate what a Lawyer wants, how Lawyers think and how to make money for law firms -- is precisely why my former students are hired upon graduation by lawyers and firms. That "breadth" of learning translates into a "long-run" legal career with no end game in sight.

“It seems to me that at this time we need education in the obvious more than the investigation of the obscure.” ~ Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes 1845 to 1935

Paralegal Brain The Blog, (“PBTB”), a Division of Tehachapi Court Services Paralegal Support, is a Blog to assist you in becoming “Job-Ready, Day-One”. It's a “Value- Added-Continuum” of Learning for Paralegals and Legal Assistants In Real Time with Substantive Law and the equally important, Law Office Practice Procedures.

There is very good cause why I've been in the business over 4 decades and there's "no end game" to my career -- by staying on top of current State and Local Rules of Court and the most up-to-date procedural practices in each and every county in which I work.

The Blog is Teachblade’s, signature teaching (of textbook, substantive law in law office practice skills context), that has translated into "Job-Ready,Day-One" functionality of her Paralegal Students for over 30 years. Having learned "functionality" -- in the classroom -- how to anticipate what a Lawyer wants, how Lawyers think and how to make money for law firms -- is precisely why Teachblade's students are hired upon graduation by lawyers and firms.

That "breadth" of learning translates into a "long-run" legal career with no end game in sight -- at least for 46 years.

Let No One tell you otherwise. Teaching instruction from the book alone WILL NEVER prepare you for the real world. If that's all you're learning, RUN from there! If you are not allowed to record ALL your teacher's lectures, RUN from there! YOU--have to know--you know--what you know! (Contact me if you'd like to converse with some of my former students.)

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TRUE STORY: Two of my former students met each other at the Los Angeles Superior Court, in Lancaster, CA. Each was working in the Self-Help Center of the Court assisting some two hundred pro-per-litigants daily in family law, unlawful detainer and guardianships. I had taught one student within the last 3 months in Lancaster, CA at the time these 2 students met; and had taught the other student some 5 to 6 years before in West Los Angeles, CA. One former student said to the other: "I had the best Paralegal Teacher there is." The other former student said, "that's funny, because I had the best Paralegal Teacher there is." They then asked each other the question: "who was your teacher?" They both replied: "Barb Reynolds".

As an Industry Law Office Practice Instructor 30 Yrs, and working in tandem as a Paralegal for major law firms the past 47 years, Teachblade was honored & invited as a Member of CEB on Linkedin. "Lesson here . . . You come at the king, you best not miss." Omar's HBO "The Wire".

THE SKILLS LEADERS NEED AT

EVERY LEVEL. FAIL TO DEVE-

LOP THESE AT YOUR PERIL!

MANY THANKS HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW for an excellent share and content. This one's for every leader in every industry.

"Plaintiff suffered serious injuries in an accident and was taken to a hospital where he received treatment for seven days, incurring $34,320.86 in bills which he did not pay.

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A jury awarded plaintiff $356,587.92. Shortly after the verdict, a collection agency acting on behalf of the hospital sent the third party’s insurance company a lien under the Hospital Lien Act [Civil Code section 3045.1]. Faced with conflicting claims for the money, the insurance company interpleaded the funds.

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In the interpleader trial, four witnesses testified. The hospital’s accounting department employee authenticated a copy of the hospital bill. A financial counselor who spoke with plaintiff while he was hospitalized testified plaintiff told him to bill the person who was responsible for the accident. The general manager of the collection agency said he served the insurance company with a notice of the unpaid bill, and said what the current balance was. The last witness was the lawyer who represented plaintiff against the third party, who testified he introduced the hospital’s bill into evidence. The trial court entered judgment in favor of the hospital for $34,320.86.

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On appeal, plaintiff argued the judgment must be reversed because the trial court erroneously relieved the hospital of its burden under the Hospital Lien Act to prove the charges were reasonable and necessary.

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The appellate court discussed how many patients pay discounted rates and concluded that because the hospital had a full and fair opportunity at trial to prove it was entitled to the interpleaded funds but did not do so, and because plaintiff’s judgment against the third party shows he is entitled to the funds, plaintiff is entitled to judgment in his favor. The judgment for the hospital was reversed and the trial court was ordered to enter judgment in favor of plaintiff. State Farm v. Huff and Pioneers Memorial Healthcare District (Cal. App. Fourth Dist., Div. 1; June 11, 2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 1463, [157 Cal.Rptr.3d 863].

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Teachblade's "Take" -- Paralegals -- The Hospital's legal staff would NEVER have missed One of The critical Elements in their collections court action, had they read the Chapter on "How To Think Like A Lawyer" (with Deductive Reasoning Analysis), which would have required that they carefully analyze each and every required Element (Major Premise) and then "plug" in the facts of their supporting case to satisfy each and ever Element (Minor Premise). Had they done such an analysis, their "Conclusion" would have to have been that they satisfied all Elements of their claim under The Hospital Lien Act and would have won on appeal as well.

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The Hospital failed to show that their charges were "reasonable and necessary" -- which was one of the critical "missing" Elements they failed to prove, to prevail on a claim under The Hospital Lien Act. Ooops! Better luck next time.

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HERE'S THE BETTER WAY!

Read my "easy-read" book guys! You won't "miss" another element of a cause of action ever again!

Learning "Linear Reasoning", "Analogical Reasoning" and "Deductive Reasoning" is the sure path to "Added Value" as a Paralegal or Legal Assistant. My students learned it in class and have been working since graduation, in law firms in Bunker Hills (Los Angeles), Newport Beach and Woodland Hills. If you desire such employment, then learn what they did -- how the Lawyer thinks. You'll increase your money-making ability for the office! Attorney Mellor and his staff? They don't need the book. They already know about "Deductive Reasoning". Breathe and eat this "analysis" format (until "the light bulb comes on", and your career will catapult in value!

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Paralegal Brain The Blog, (“PBTB”), a Division of Tehachapi Court Services Paralegal Support, is “A Job-Ready, Day-One” Blog – and A “Value- Added-Continuum” of Learning for Paralegals and Legal Assistants In Real Time, Substantive Law and Law Office Procedures. The Blog is, Blog Author, Teachblade’s, signature teaching (of textbook, substantive law in law office practice skills context), that has translated into "Job-Ready,Day-One" functionality of her Paralegal Students for over 30 years. It's why they're hired Upon graduation by Lawyers, because they learn in school, how to anticipate what a Lawyer wants, how they think and how to make money for law firms. That translates into a "long-run" legal career.

As an Industry Law Office Practice Instructor 30 Yrs, and working in tandem as a Paralegal for major law firms the past 46 years, Teachblade was honored & invited as a Member of CEB on Linkedin. "Lesson here . . . You come at the king, you best not miss." Omar's HBO "The Wire".

11 Ways to Help Children Cope With Divorce. It's

Excellent and from a Parent that's "been there".

“Boys, I need to talk to you about something…”

How do you look into the innocent faces of 5, 3, and 1 year old little boys and tell them that their daddy isn’t coming home? How do you explain to them that for the rest of their childhood, they will be shuffled back and forth between houses? Weekends here. Weekends there. Mommy’s house. Daddy’s house. Two birthdays. Every other Thanksgiving. Split Christmases. Things would never again be the same for these little ones – and it was one of the most difficult things that I have ever had to face.

Paralegal Brain The Blog, (“PBTB”), a Division of Tehachapi Court Services Paralegal Support, is a Blog to assist you in becoming “Job-Ready, Day-One”. It's a “Value- Added-Continuum” of Learning for Paralegals and Legal Assistants In Real Time with Substantive Law and the equally important, Law Office Practice Procedures.

There is very good cause why I've been in the business over 4 decades and there's "no end game" to my career -- by staying on top of current State and Local Rules of Court and the most up-to-date procedural practices in each and every county in which I work.

The Blog is Teachblade's signature teaching (of textbook, substantive law in law office practice skills context), that has translated into "Job-Ready,Day-One" functionality of her Paralegal Students for over 30 years. Having learned "functionality" -- in the classroom -- how to anticipate what a Lawyer wants, how Lawyers think and how to make money for law firms -- is precisely why Teachblade's students are hired upon graduation by lawyers and firms.

That "breadth" of learning translates into a "long-run" legal career with no end game in sight -- at least for 46 years.

Let No One tell you otherwise. Teaching instruction from the book alone WILL NEVER prepare you for the real world. If that's all you're learning, RUN from there! If you are not allowed to record ALL your teacher's lectures, RUN from there! YOU--have to know--you know--what you know! (Contact me if you'd like to converse with some of my former students.)

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TRUE STORY: Two of my former students met each other at the Los Angeles Superior Court, in Lancaster, CA. Each was working in the Self-Help Center of the Court assisting some two hundred pro-per-litigants daily in family law, unlawful detainer and guardianships. I had taught one student within the last 3 months in Lancaster, CA at the time these 2 students met; and had taught the other student some 5 to 6 years before in West Los Angeles, CA. One former student said to the other: "I had the best Paralegal Teacher there is." The other former student said, "that's funny, because I had the best Paralegal Teacher there is." They then asked each other the question: "who was your teacher?" They both replied: "Barb Reynolds".

TEACHBLADE

about.me/Teachblade.Reynolds

"The main part of intellectual education, is not the acquisition of facts, but learning how to make facts live." -- U.S. Supreme Court Justice, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.

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