Punjab Map

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FACT SHEET

Formation Year: November 1,1966

Location: North-West

Capital: Chandigarh

Largest city: Ludhiana

Number of Districts: 22

Area: 50,362 sq. km

Population: 27,743,338

Sex Ratio: 895 F/1000M

Density: 551/sq. km

Literacy: 75.84%

Official Languages: Punjabi

Religions: Sikh

Spread in the area of 50,362 sq. km, Punjab is a north-west state of India. It shares its boundary with Haryana in the south and south-east and Rajasthan in the south-west,Jammu & Kashmir in the north, Himachal Pradesh in the north-east and east; and, it also shares international boundary with Pakistan in the west. Chandigarh is jointly shares the capital of Punjab and Haryana, and it also serves as Union Territory of India.

Historically, the state is important because it served as an entry gate and because of this reason; it was also popular as ‘Gateway of India.’ Hindi scripture Mahabharata describes it as ‘Panchanad’; People from Greece, Central Asia, Iran, and Afghanistan used this way. Furthermore, it is also significant for the archaeologists because some region of the state was evidenced Indus Valley Civilization, one of the oldest civilizations of the world. Pretty popular city of Indus Valley Civilization ‘Harrapa’ was the part of Punjab region. Above all, Punjab region also served many distinguished dynasties including Gandhara, Mahajanapadas, Nandas, Mauryas, Sungas, Kushans, Guptas, Palas, Gurjara-Pratiharas etc. On the other hand, because of its frontier location, it also consistently faced several attacks by Persians, Greeks, Scythians, Turks, and Afghans in different periods of time.

Punjab is constituted of two words ‘punj’ means five and ‘ab’ means water; likewise, it is land of five rivers. The Greeks also interpreted Punjab as ‘Pentapotamia,’ which means and inland delta of five converging rivers. Because of being rich in water resources and having fertile plain fields, Punjab is leading agriculture state of India. The state is the largest producer of wheat in India; however, it is also leading producer of many other crops. Other significant industries of the state are agricultural goods, scientific instruments, electrical goods, financial services, machine tools, sewing machines, sports goods, fertiliser, bicycles, textiles etc.