These socks are knit from the toe-up, using a provisional cast on and short rows for heel and toe. Directions are written for double pointed needles; however, magic loop or two circulars can be substituted easily. The socks are sized to fit snug and hug the foot nicely. When in doubt—size down; the 2 x 1 ribbing is quite accommodating and will stretch to fit a range of shoe sizes.