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Summary

This bestseller balances a comprehensive and up-to-date anthology of major documents in literary criticism and theory from Plato to the present with the most thorough editorial support for understanding these challenging readings.

Author Biography

DAVID H. RICHTER (Ph.D., University of Chicago) is professor of English at Queens College and professor of English and comparative literature at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. Richter publishes in the fields of critical and narrative theory, biblical interpretation, and eighteenth-century literature. His most recent critical books are The Progress of Romance: Literary Historiography and the Gothic Novel (1996) and Ideology and Form in Eighteenth-Century Literature (1999). Richter is currently at work on two critical books: a cultural history of identity theft and an analysis of difficulty in biblical narrative.

Table of Contents

Preface

v

Introduction

1

(22)

Part One CLASSIC TEXTS IN LITERARY CRITICISM

23

(724)

Plato

25

(30)

Republic, Book X

30

(8)

Ton

38

(8)

From Phaedrus

46

(4)

Dialogue with Plato

50

(2)

Leo Tolstoy: From What Is Art?

52

(3)

Aristotle

55

(27)

From Poetics

59

(23)

Horace

82

(13)

The Art of Poetry

84

(11)

Longinus

95

(14)

From On the Sublime

97

(12)

Plotinus

109

(11)

On the Intellectual Beauty

111

(9)

Dante Alighieri

120

(4)

From Letter to Can Grande della Scala

121

(3)

Christine de Pisan

124

(8)

From La Querelle de la Rose

126

(6)

Sir Philip Sidney

132

(28)

An Apology for Poetry

135

(25)

John Dryden

160

(29)

From An Essay of Dramatic Poesy

163

(26)

Aphra Behn

189

(9)

An Epistle to the Reader from The Dutch Lover

192

(3)

Preface to the Lucky Chance

195

(3)

Alexander Pope

198

(12)

An Essay on Criticism

199

(11)

Samuel Johnson

210

(21)

The Rambler, No. 4

212

(3)

Rasselas, Chapter 10

215

(1)

From Preface to Shakespeare

216

(15)

David Hume

231

(16)

Of the Standard of Taste

234

(11)

Dialogue with David Hume

245

(1)

Barbara Herrnstein Smith: From Contingencies of Value

245

(2)

Immanuel Kant

247

(28)

From Critique of Judgment

251

(24)

Mary Wollstonecraft

275

(10)

From A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

277

(8)

Germaine de Stael

285

(13)

From Essay on Fictions

287

(6)

On Women Writers

293

(5)

Friedrich von Schiller

298

(6)

From On Naive and Sentimental Poetry

300

(4)

William Wordsworth

304

(15)

Preface to Lyrical Ballads

306

(13)

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

319

(11)

Shakespeare's Judgment Equal to His Genius

323

(2)

From Biographia Literaria

325

(5)

John Keats

330

(4)

From a Letter to Benjamin Bailey

331

(2)

From a Letter to George and Thomas Keats

333

(1)

Thomas Love Peacock

334

(10)

The Four Ages of Poetry

335

(9)

Percy Bysshe Shelley

344

(25)

A Defence of Poetry

346

(18)

Dialogue with Percy Bysshe Shelley

364

(1)

Raymond Williams: The Romantic Artist from Culture and Society 1780--1950

364

(5)

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

369

(15)

Introduction to the Philosophy of Art

373

(11)

Ralph Waldo Emerson

384

(13)

The Poet

385

(12)

Karl Marx

397

(15)

The Alienation of Labor from Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

400

(6)

Consciousness Derived from Material Conditions from The German Ideology

406

(4)

On Greek Art in Its Time from A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy

410

(2)

Matthew Arnold

412

(23)

The Function of Criticism at the Present Time

415

(14)

From The Study of Poetry

429

(6)

Friedrich Nietzsche

435

(27)

From The Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music

439

(13)

On Truth and Lie in an Extra-Moral Sense

452

(7)

From Twilight of the Idols

459

(3)

Henry James

462

(14)

The Art of Fiction

464

(12)

Oscar Wilde

476

(21)

The Decay of Lying

478

(19)

Sigmund Freud

497

(37)

The Dream-Work from The Interpretation of Dreams

500

(9)

[Creative Writers and Daydreaming]

509

(5)

The ``Uncanny''

514

(19)

Medusa's Head

533

(1)

T. S. Eliot

534

(8)

Tradition and the Individual Talent

537

(5)

Carl Gustav Jung

542

(23)

On the Relation of Analytical Psychology to Poetry

544

(10)

The Principal Archetypes

554

(11)

W. E. B. Du Bois

565

(10)

[On Double Consciousness] from The Souls of Black Folk

567

(2)

Criteria of Negro Art

569

(6)

Mikhail Bakhtin

575

(21)

The Topic of the Speaking Person from Discourse in the Novel

578

(10)

Heteroglossia in the Novel from Discourse in the Novel

588

(6)

From Problems in Dostoevsky's Poetics

594

(2)

Virginia Woolf

596

(15)

[Shakespeare's Sister] from A Room of One's Own

599

(3)

[Austen -- Bronte -- Eliot] from A Room of One's Own

602

(5)

[The Androgynous Vision] from A Room of One's Own

607

(4)

Martin Heidegger

611

(11)

Holderlin and the Essence of Poetry

614

(8)

Edmund Wilson

622

(11)

From Dickens: The Two Scrooges

624

(9)

Kenneth Burke

633

(17)

Symbolic Action in a Poem by Keats

636

(9)

Literature as Equipment for Living

645

(5)

F. R. Leavis

650

(9)

From The Great Tradition

652

(7)

Jean-Paul Sartre

659

(14)

Why Write?

662

(11)

Simone de Beauvoir

673

(6)

Myths: Of Women in Five Authors

676

(3)

J. L. Austin

679

(12)

[Constatives and Performatives] from How to Do Things with Words

681

(4)

[Speech Acts: Locutionary, Illocutionary, Perlocutionary] from How to Do Things with Words

685

(6)

Northrop Frye

691

(11)

The Archetypes of Literature

693

(9)

Erich Auerbach

702

(16)

Odysseus' Scar

704

(14)

Hans-Georg Gadamer

718

(20)

The Elevation of the Historicality of Understanding to the Status of Hermeneutical Principle

721

(17)

Susan Sontag

738

(9)

Against Interpretation

740

(7)

Part Two CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN LITERARY CRITICISM

747

(1272)

Formalisms: Russian Formalism, New Criticism, Neo-Aristotelianism

749

(70)

I. A. Richards

763

(11)

From Principles of Literary Criticism

764

(10)

Victor Shklovsky

774

(11)

Art as Technique

775

(10)

Vladimir Propp

785

(12)

[Fairy Tale Transformations]

785

(12)

Cleanth Brooks

797

(13)

From My Credo: Formalist Criticism

798

(1)

Irony as a Principle of Structure

799

(8)

Dialogue with Cleanth Brooks

807

(1)

R. S. Crane: From The Critical Monism of Cleanth Brooks

807

(3)

W. K. Wimsatt and Monroe C. Beardsley

810

(9)

The Intentional Fallacy

811

(8)

Structuralism and Deconstruction

819

(143)

Ferdinand de Saussure

841

(11)

Nature of the Linguistic Sign

842

(3)

[Binary Oppositions]

845

(7)

Roman Jakobson

852

(7)

From Linguistics and Poetics

852

(7)

Claude Levi-Strauss

859

(9)

The Structural Study of Myth

860

(8)

Roland Barthes

868

(14)

Striptease

869

(2)

The Structuralist Activity

871

(3)

The Death of the Author

874

(4)

From Work to Text

878

(4)

Paul de Man

882

(22)

Semiology and Rhetoric

882

(11)

Dialogue with Paul de Man

893

(1)

Lawrence Lipking: The Practice of Theory

894

(10)

Michel Foucault

904

(10)

What Is an Author?

904

(10)

Jacques Derrida

914

(36)

Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences

915

(11)

The Father of Logos from Plato's Pharmacy

926

(6)

Differance

932

(18)

Umberto Eco

950

(12)

The Myth of Superman

950

(12)

Reader-Response Theory

962

(144)

Hans Robert Jauss

981

(8)

[The Three Horizons of Reading] from Toward an Aesthetics of Reception

982

(7)

Wayne C. Booth

989

(12)

Control of Distance in Jane Austen's Emma

989

(12)

Wolfgang Iser

1001

(13)

The Reading Process: A Phenomenological Approach

1002

(12)

Norman N. Holland

1014

(8)

The Question: Who Reads What How?

1015

(7)

Stanley Fish

1022

(13)

How to Recognize a Poem When You See One

1023

(8)

Dialogue with Stanley Fish

1031

(1)

James Phelan: From Data, Danda, and Disagreement

1031

(4)

Judith Fetterley

1035

(7)

Introduction to The Resisting Reader

1035

(7)

Peter Rabinowitz

1042

(15)

From Before Reading

1043

(14)

Elaine Scarry

1057

(19)

On Vivacity: The Difference between Daydreaming and Imagining-Under-Authorial-Instruction

1058

(18)

Mark Turner

1076

(13)

Poetry: Metaphor and the Conceptual Context of Invention

1077

(12)

Lisa Zunshine

1089

(17)

Theory of Mind and Experimental Representations of Fictional Consciousness

1089

(17)

Psychoanalytic Theory and Criticism

1106

(92)

Jacques Lacan

1122

(33)

The Mirror Stage as Formative of the Function of the I as Revealed in Psychoanalytic Experience

1123

(6)

The Agency of the Letter in the Unconscious or Reason since Freud

1129

(20)

The Meaning of the Phallus

1149

(6)

Harold Bloom

1155

(6)

A Meditation upon Priority

1156

(5)

Peter Brooks

1161

(11)

Freud's Masterplot

1161

(11)

Laura Mulvey

1172

(8)

Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema

1172

(8)

Slavoj Zizek

1180

(18)

Courtly Love, or, Woman as Thing

1181

(17)

Marxist Criticism

1198

(122)

Georg Lukacs

1217

(15)

The Ideology of Modernism

1218

(14)

Walter Benjamin

1232

(17)

The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

1233

(16)

Bertolt Brecht

1249

(5)

The Popular and the Realistic

1250

(4)

Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno

1254

(9)

From The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception

1255

(8)

Louis Althusser

1263

(9)

From Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses

1264

(8)

Raymond Williams

1272

(18)

From Marxism and Literature

1272

(18)

Fredric Jameson

1290

(17)

From The Political Unconscious

1291

(16)

Terry Eagleton

1307

(13)

Categories for a Materialist Criticism

1308

(12)

New Historicism and Cultural Studies

1320

(182)

Michel de Certeau

1342

(15)

Walking in the City

1343

(14)

Michel Foucault

1357

(9)

Las Meninas

1357

(9)

Clifford Geertz

1366

(17)

Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture

1367

(16)

Hayden White

1383

(15)

The Historical Text as Literary Artifact

1384

(14)

Pierre Bourdieu

1398

(6)

From Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste

1398

(6)

Stuart Hall

1404

(14)

Cultural Studies: Two Paradigms

1404

(14)

Nancy Armstrong

1418

(14)

Some Call It Fiction: On the Politics of Domesticity

1419

(13)

Lawrence Buell

1432

(10)

The Ecocritical Insurgency

1433

(9)

Stephen Greenblatt

1442

(10)

Introduction to The Power of Forms in the English Renaissance

1443

(2)

King Lear and Harsnett's ``Devil-Fiction''

1445

(3)

Dialogue with Stephen Greenblatt

1448

(1)

Frank Lentricchia Jr.: From Ariel and the Police

1448

(4)

Meaghan Morris

1452

(19)

Things to Do with Shopping Centres

1452

(19)

John Guillory

1471

(13)

From Cultural Capital: The Problem of Literary Canon Formation

1472

(12)

Laura Kipnis

1484

(18)

(Male) Desire and (Female) Disgust: Reading Hustler

1485

(17)

Feminist Literary Criticism

1502

(109)

Nina Baym

1519

(12)

Melodramas of Beset Manhood

1520

(11)

Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar

1531

(19)

From Infection in the Sentence: The Woman Writer and the Anxiety of Authorship

1532

(13)

Dialogue with Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar

1545

(1)

Toril Moi: From Sexual/Textual Politics

1545

(5)

Annette Kolodny

1550

(13)

Dancing through the Minefield: Some Observations on the Theory, Practice, and Politics of a Feminist Literary Criticism

1550

(13)

Julia Kristeva

1563

(16)

Women's Time

1563

(16)

Jonathan Culler

1579

(21)

Reading as a Woman

1579

(12)

Dialogue between Elaine Showalter and Terry Eagleton

1591

(1)

Elaine Showalter: From Critical Cross-Dressing: Male Feminists and the Woman of the Year