1.
Auburn hair
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Auburn hair is a variety of red hair, most commonly described as reddish-brown in color or dark ginger. Auburn hair ranges in shades from medium to dark and it is common with a wide array of skin tones and eye colors, but as is the case with most red hair, it is commonly associated with light skin features. Auburn can be used to describe many shades of hair with similar definitions or hues. It is often conflated in popular usage with Titian hair, while Titian hair is a brownish shade of red hair, auburn hair is specifically defined as including the actual color red. Most definitions of Titian hair describe it as a brownish-orange color and this is in reference to red hair itself, not the color red. Auburn encompasses the color maroon, but so too do chestnut, in contrast with the two, auburn is more red in color, while chestnut is more brown, and burgundy is more purple, chestnut hair is also often referred to as chestnut-brown. The word auburn comes from the Old French word alborne, which meant blond, the first recorded use of auburn in English was in 1430. The word was corrupted into abram, for example in early folios of Coriolanus, Thomas Kyds Soliman and Perseda and Thomas Middletons Blurt. Auburn hair is common among people of northern and western European descent and this hair color is less common farther south and southeast, but can occur somewhat regularly in Southern Europe. It can also be found in parts of the world colonized by genetically European people, such as North America, South America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Siberia. Auburn is sometimes seen among the people of Formosa. Blond hair Titian hair Online Etymology Dictionary

2.
Azure (color)
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Azure is a variation of blue that is often described as the color of the sky on a clear day. On the RGB color wheel, azure is defined as the color at 210 degrees, in the RGB color model, used to create all the colors on a television or computer screen, azure is created by adding a little green light to blue light. The complementary color of azure is neon orange, in the X11 color system which became a standard for early web colors, azure is depicted as a pale cyan. The color azure ultimately takes its name from the blue mineral lapis lazuli. The name of the came to be associated with its color. Azure also describes the color of the mineral azurite, both in its form and as a pigment in various paint formulations. In order to preserve its deep color, azurite was ground coarsely, fine-ground azurite produces a lighter, washed-out color. Traditionally, the pigment was considered unstable in oil paints, and was isolated from other colors. Modern investigation of old paintings, however, shows that the pigment is very stable unless exposed to sulfur fumes, the use of the term spread through the practice of heraldry, where azure represents a blue color in the system of tinctures. In engravings, it is represented as a region of horizontal lines. In practice, azure has been represented by any number of shades of blue, in later heraldic practice a lighter blue, called bleu celeste, is sometimes specified. All of the colors shown below in the variations of azure are referenced as having a hue code of between 195 and 225, signifying that these colors are tones of azure. The only exception, as noted below, is the web color azure which, displayed at right is the web color called azure, in actuality it is a pale pastel tint of cyan, as can be ascertained by noting its hue angle of 180 degrees. In an artistic context, this color would be called azure mist, the web color Alice blue is a pale tint of azure. Displayed at right is the web color sky blue. Baby blue is known as one of the pastel colors and this color is associated with baby boys in Western culture. The first recorded use of blue as a color name in English was in 1892. Displayed at right is the web color sky blue, the first recorded use of sky blue as a color name in English was in 1728 in the Cyclopædia of Ephraim Chambers

3.
Beige
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Beige is variously described as a pale sandy fawn color, a grayish tan, a light-grayish yellowish brown, or a pale to grayish yellow. It takes its name from French, where the word originally meant natural wool that has been neither bleached nor dyed and it has come to be used to describe a variety of light tints chosen for their neutral or pale warm appearance. Beige was used as a term in the modern sense in France beginning approximately 1855-60. The first recorded use of beige as a name in English was in 1887. Beginning in the 1920s, the meaning of beige expanded so that it is now used not only for pale yellowish-brown colors. Some of more notable of these tints and shades are shown below, Beige is notoriously difficult to produce in traditional offset CMYK printing due to the low levels of inks used on each plate, often it will print in purple or green and vary within a print run. Cosmic latte is a name assigned in 2002 to the color of the universe. The first recorded use of cream as a name in English was in 1590. Unbleached silk is one of the Japanese traditional colors in use beginning in 660 CE in the form of various dyes that are used in designing kimonos. The name of this color in Japanese is shironeri, the first recorded use of Tuscan as a color name in English was in 1887. Buff is a pale yellow-brown color that got its name from the color of buffed leather. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, buff as a descriptor of a color was first used in the London Gazette of 1686, the color desert sand may be regarded as a deep shade of beige. It is a tint of a color called desert. The color name desert was first used in 1920, in the 1960s the American Telephone & Telegraph Company marketed desert sand colored telephones for offices and homes. However, they described the color as beige and it is therefore common for many people to refer to the color desert sand as beige. Ecru comes from the French word écru, which means raw or unbleached. Since at least the 1950s, however, the color ecru has been regarded as a different color from beige, khaki was designated in the 1930 book A Dictionary of Color, the standard for color nomenclature before the introduction of computers. The first recorded use of khaki as a name in English was in 1848

4.
Blue-green
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Blue-green is a color that is a representation of the color that is between blue and green on a typical traditional old-fashioned RYB color wheel. Blue-green belongs to the family of colors. The source of color is the List of Crayola crayon colors. Blue-green has been a Crayola crayon color since 1930, cyan, also called aqua, is the blue-green color that is between blue and green on a modern RGB color wheel. In the terminology of color theory, RGB color space has a larger color gamut than RYB color space. The first recorded use of cyan as a name in English was in 1879. At right is displayed the color turquoise, a representation of the color of the stone turquoise. The first recorded use of turquoise as a name in English was in 1573. The color turquoise is a tone of blue-green. Displayed at right is the color Ming This color was formulated in 2001 as one of the colors on the Xona. com Color List, displayed at right is the color Pacific blue. Pacific blue was formulated as a Crayola color in 1993, the color is a representation of the waters of the Pacific. Bondi blue is a color belonging to the family of blues. It is very similar to the Crayola crayon color blue-green, apple christened the color of the exterior of its original iMac G3 personal computer Bondi blue when it was introduced in 1998. The color is said to be named for the color of the water at Bondi Beach in Sydney, green-blue had been a Crayola color since 1958. It was continued as a Crayola crayon color until 1990, cerulean is a medium blue-green color that is used to represent or symbolize either the sky or the ocean. The first recorded use of cerulean as a name in English was in 1590. Teal is a medium blue-green color and it is named after the common teal, a member of the duck family, whose eyes are surrounded by the color. The color teal has a hue that is halfway between blue and green and a value that is exactly halfway between white and black

5.
Brown
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In the CMYK color model used in printing or painting, brown is made by combining red, black, and yellow, or red, yellow, and blue. In the RGB color model used to project colors onto television screens and computer monitors, brown is made by combining red and green, the brown color is seen widely in nature, in wood, soil, human hair color, eye color and skin pigmentation. Brown is the color of wood or rich soil. According to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, brown is the least favorite color of the public, the color most often associated with plainness, the rustic, the term is from Old English brún, in origin for any dusky or dark shade of color. The first recorded use of brown as a name in English was in 1000. The Common Germanic adjective *brûnoz, *brûnâ meant both dark colors and a glistening or shining quality, whence burnish, the current meaning developed in Middle English from the 14th century. In Southeast Asia, the name often comes from chocolate, coklat in Malay. In Japan, the word means the color of tea. Brown has been used in art since prehistoric times, paintings using umber, a natural clay pigment composed of iron oxide and manganese oxide, have been dated to 40,000 BC. Paintings of brown horses and other animals have found on the walls of the Lascaux cave dating back about 17,300 years. The female figures in ancient Egyptian tomb paintings have brown skin, light tan was often used on painted Greek amphorae and vases, either as a background for black figures, or the reverse. The Ancient Greeks and Romans produced a fine reddish-brown ink, of a color called sepia and this ink was used by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael and other artists during the Renaissance, and by artists up until the present time. In Ancient Rome, brown clothing was associated with the classes or barbarians. The term for the plebeians, or urban poor, was pullati, in the Middle Ages brown robes were worn by monks of the Franciscan order, as a sign of their humility and poverty. Each social class was expected to wear a color suitable to their station, russet was a coarse homespun cloth made of wool and dyed with woad and madder to give it a subdued grey or brown shade. By the statute of 1363, poor English people were required to wear russet, the medieval poem Piers Plowman describes the virtuous Christian, And is gladde of a goune of a graye russet As of a tunicle of Tarse or of trye scarlet. The umbers were not widely used in Europe before the end of the fifteenth century, artists began using far greater use of browns when oil painting arrived in the late fifteenth century. In Northern Europe, Jan van Eyck featured rich earth browns in his portraits to set off the brighter colors, the 17th and 18th century saw the greatest use of brown

6.
Candy apple red (color)
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Candy apple red is the name code used by manufacturing companies to define a shade of red similar to the red sugar coating on candied apples. The typical method for producing a candy apple finish is to apply a metallic base-coat, a final clear coat adds additional gloss. Displayed at right is the color candy pink, the color candy apple red is not mentioned in the 1930 book A Dictionary of Color by Maerz and Paul. However, a color called candy pink is mentioned, the first recorded use of which as a name is recorded as being in 1926. Virgin Atlantic began using candy apple red on the tails and engine nacelles of their fleet in July 2010, a color named Candy Apple Red was first officially used on a production car by Ford in 1966, but it was a bright, non-metallic red. It was not until 1996 that Chrysler, and GM in 2001, had a similarly named production paint, an automotive paint search of apple shows that historically the name was associated with a green color going back to the early 1930s. After the body is prepared, primer is applied as usual. Then a highly reflective metallic paint is applied first and this is usually highly reflective silver paint, but the color effect can be modified by using metallic gold or other tinted metallic paint. The key with this first metallic color layer is to reflect as much light as possible, the candy apple red paint is applied on top of the reflective metallic paint. This candy apple red paint is transparent, many coats are required to achieve the proper appearance-of-depth and richness-of-color. Candy Apple Red appears so intense, because light passes through the paint, reflects off of the base color. This causes real candy apple red paint to look far more intense, Candy apple red paint has been used on many objects other than cars or trucks. Electric guitars, home decor items, loudspeakers, and a variety of items have been available with candy apple red finish. Candy apple red paint with silver reflective undercoat looks quite different from candy apple red with gold metallic reflective undercoat. The gold gives the color a warmer look while the silver undercoat gives a red appearance to the paint without the extra warmth of the gold. A more neutral/pure red is the result when silver reflective undercoat is used and this gives real candy apple red paint more life than more conventional solid red or metallic red paints used on cars, trucks and other vehicles. The original candy apple red car paint had no metallic or pearl, when you viewed the original candy apple red paint, it was simply transparent red paint with no add ins. More recently, painters have mixed-in metallic, pearl, or metal flake with candy apple red to produce different effects in the paint job

7.
Caput mortuum
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Caput mortuum is a Latin term whose literal meaning is dead head or worthless remains, used in alchemy and also as the name of a pigment. The symbol shown on this page was used in 18th-century chemistry to mean residue. Caput mortuum was also used to mean crocus metallorum, i. e. brownish-red metallic compounds such as crocus martis. Caput mortuum, also known as purple, is the name given to a purple variety of haematite iron oxide pigment, used in oil paints. It was a popular colour for painting the robes of religious figures. The name for this pigment may have come from the alchemical usage, since iron oxide is the useless residue of oxidization

8.
Cerulean
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Cerulean, also spelled caerulean, is a colour term that may be applied to certain colours with the hue ranging roughly between blue and cyan, overlapping with both. It also largely overlaps with azure and sky blue, although cerulean is dimmer, the first recorded use of cerulean as a colour name in English was in 1590. The word is derived from the Latin word caeruleus, dark blue, blue, or blue-green, in classical times, cerulean was used to describe blue pigments, particularly mixtures of copper and cobaltous oxides, like azurite and smalt. These early attempts to create sky blue colours were often less than due to a limited saturation. When the pigment cerulean blue was discovered, it became an addition to Prussian blue, cobalt blue. At right is displayed the colour cerulean blue, the first recorded use of cerulean blue as a colour name in English was in 1859. Pigments through the shows a Painted swatch of cerulean blue that is representative of the actual cobalt stannate pigment. This colour swatch matches the colour shown in the box at right. See also painted swatch and crystals of cerulean blue at ColourLex, Cerulean blue was discovered in 1789 by Albrecht Höpfner. Subsequently there was a limited German production under the name of Cölinblau and it was in 1860 first marketed in the United Kingdom by colourman George Rowney, as coeruleum. Other nineteenth century English pigment names included ceruleum blue and corruleum blue, the primary chemical constituent of the pigment is cobalt stannate. The precise hue of the pigment is dependent on a variable silicate component and it is particularly valuable for artistic painting of skies because of its hue, its permanence, and its opaqueness. Berthe Morisot painted the coat of the woman in her A Summers Day,1879 in cerulean blue in conjunction with artificial ultramarine. Today, cobalt chromate is sometimes marketed under the cerulean blue name but is darker and greener than the cobalt stannate version, the chromate makes excellent turquoise colours and is identified by Rex Art and some other manufacturers as cobalt turquoise. Pantone, in a release, declared the pale hue of cerulean at right. The source of colour is the Pantone Textile Paper eXtended colour list. This bright tone of cerulean is the colour called cerulean by Crayola crayons, at right is displayed the colour cerulean frost. Cerulean frost is one of the colours in the set of metallic coloured Crayola crayons called Silver Swirls

9.
Chartreuse (color)
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Chartreuse is a color between yellow and green that was named because of its resemblance to the green color of one of the French liqueurs called green chartreuse, introduced in 1764. Yellow is perceived when the receptor is stimulated slightly more than the blue-green receptor. The eye is most sensitive to light because green stimulates two of the three kinds of cones, L and M, almost equally. The French word chartreuse means charterhouse, philip the Bolds elaborately decorated tomb was initially installed at a Carthusian charterhouse when he died in 1404. At right is displayed the web color chartreuse, the term chartreuse is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as, A shade of colour, a pale apple-green. The dictionary gives a quotation in the British publication Western Daily Press Vol.7 No.5 as being the earliest occurrence found in print of the term used as the name of a color. However the source does not define or describe the color referred to, some of the corded silks have fancy stripes in a combination of colors such as. Mousse and Chartreuse, which is the yellow green. In The Millinery Trade Review is written, From Madame Catlin of Paris, in The Mineral Industry is written, The characteristic twin colors of a few doubly refractive gems will prove of interest. In Dry Goods Reporter, it is noted under Choosing an Easter Hat — Chartreuse greens are among the colors hardest of all to combine artistically, in Pure Products is written, The following colors can be bought in powder form. Chartreuse Green is also listed in Plochere Color System, in a 1956 edition of Billboard, a juke box is advertised as being available in Delft blue, cherry red, embered charcoal, chartreuse green, bright sand, canary yellow, atoll coral and night-sky black. In Color, Universal Language and Dictionary of Names, Chartreuse Green is listed under 116, Chartreuse green was codified to refer to this brighter color when the X11 colors were formulated in 1987, by the early 1990s, they became known as the X11 web colors. The web color chartreuse is the color halfway between green and yellow, so it is 50% green and 50% yellow. It is one of the colors of the HSV color wheel. Another name for this color is chartreuse green, in 1988, Margaret Walch, director of the Color Association of the United States is reported to have said, The hottest color out there now is an ugly chartreuse green. It suggests what we dont have, nature, youth, energy, the first recorded use of chartreuse in American English was in 1892. In the book Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, Chartreuse Yellow is listed and illustrated, also, MotoGPs Valentino Rossi also uses a variation of chartreuse yellow to highlight his bike and racing leathers/helmet. The color nyanza is displayed at right, the first recorded use of nyanza as a color name in English was in 1892

10.
Cobalt blue
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Cobalt blue is a blue pigment made by sintering cobalt oxide with alumina at 1200 °C. Chemically, cobalt blue pigment is cobalt oxide-aluminium oxide, or cobalt aluminate, Cobalt blue is lighter and less intense than the pigment Prussian blue. It is extremely stable and has historically used as a coloring agent in ceramics, jewelry. Transparent glasses are tinted with the cobalt pigment smalt. Cobalt blue in impure forms had long used in Chinese porcelain. Commercial production began in France in 1807, the first recorded use of cobalt blue as a color name in English was in 1777. The leading world manufacturer of blue in the 19th century was Benjamin Wegners Norwegian company Blaafarveværket. Germany was also famous for production, especially the blue colour works in the Ore Mountains of Saxony, capable, by its superior brilliancy and contrast, to subdue the brightness of other blues. Cobalt blue has been used in paintings since its discovery by Thénard by painters such as Turner and it is stable and lightfast and also compatible with all other pigments. Maxfield Parrish, famous partly for the intensity of his skyscapes, used cobalt blue, Cobalt blue was the primary blue pigment used in Chinese blue and white porcelain for centuries, beginning in the late 8th or early 9th century. Automobiles Several car manufacturers including Jeep and Bugatti have cobalt blue as one paint options, construction Because of its chemical stability in the presence of alkali, cobalt blue is used as a pigment in blue concrete. Glassmaking The blue seen on many pieces is cobalt blue. Cobalt glass almost perfectly filters out the bright yellow emission of ionized sodium, sports Major League Soccers Sporting Kansas City have had cobalt blue as the secondary color of its home uniforms since 2008. Vexillology Several countries including the Netherlands and Romania, and a U. S. state - Nevada - have cobalt blue as one of three shades of their flags, video Games Segas official logo color is cobalt blue. Sonic the Hedgehog, Segas current mascot, was colored to match, Cobalt blue is toxic when inhaled or ingested. Potters who fail to take precautions when using cobalt blue may succumb to cobalt poisoning. List of colors List of inorganic pigments Cobalt glass Roy, A, Cobalt blue, in Artists’ Pigments, Berrie, B. H. National Gallery of Art Washington,2007 History of Cobalt blue

11.
Coquelicot
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For the of Montreal album, see Coquelicot Asleep in the Poppies, A Variety of Whimsical Verse. For the Sakura Wars character, see List of Sakura Wars characters, Coquelicot is a shade of red. The term was originally a French vernacular name for the corn poppy, Papaver rhoeas, which is distinguished by its bright red color. It eventually passed into English usage as the name of a color based upon that of the flower, the first recorded use of this usage was in the year 1795. Claude Monet painted Les Coquelicots or Poppies Blooming in 1873, media related to Papaver rhoeas at Wikimedia Commons

12.
Electric blue (color)
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The first recorded use of electric blue as a color name in English was in 1845. The color electric blue was in vogue in the 1890s, the deep tone of electric blue displayed at right is the color called bleu électrique in the Pourpre. com color list, a color list widely popular in France. This shade of electric blue reflects the kind which is only metaphorically electric, the color displayed at right titled medium electric blue matches the color of the color sample of the original called electric blue that had an immense vogue in the latter 19th century. Still today, this tone of blue is a typical contemporary electric blue fabric color that is used in manufacturing for the mass market. Dark electric blue is a cyan color that is the color called electric blue in the ISCC-NBS color list. Source of the color dark electric blue, The electric blue crayfish is a species of crayfish endemic to Florida. The electric blue gecko was first discovered by biologist William in the 1950s, the color electric blue is associated with the astrological sign of Aquarius. The color electric blue is used in the logo and site of Arch Linux, Electric Blue was the name of a 1980s soft-core pornographic television series on The Playboy Channel and its feature film spin-off. An electric blue dress features in Sir Arthur Conan Doyles The Adventure of the Copper Beeches, gerty MacDowell wears an electric blue blouse in James Joyces novel Ulysses, set in 1904, because it was expected in the Ladys Pictorial that electric blue would be worn. Electric Blue is a 1987 song released by the Australian band Icehouse, the color of the album is shown at right. Electric/Blue is a 1997 jazz fusion album by Joe Deninzon, Electric Blue is the debut solo album by Erasure frontman Andy Bell, released October 3,2005. The Electric Blue 14 are a band based in London. Strange Brew is a song by the band Cream from the 1967 album Disraeli Gears which features the lyric Shes a witch of trouble in electric blue, sound and Vision is a 1977 song released by David Bowie which features the lyric Blue, blue, electric blue. Thats the colour of my room, the Art of Storytelling, pt.2 is a 1998 ballad released by OutKast. An account of the biblical Apocalypse, the contains the lyric Look out the window. Golly, the sky is electric blue, cosmic Charlie is a song by the Grateful Dead, performed live between 1968 and 1976. It contains the lyric Rosy red and electric blue, I bought you a paddle for your paper canoe, Electric Blue is the name of a song by Nicole Scherzinger and T. I. from Scherzingers 2014 album Big Fat Lie. While retaining most of his abilities, he could now also generate electric attacks rather than his original heat-vision and this version of Superman was referred to by some comic book fans as Electric Blue Superman

13.
Gunmetal
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Gunmetal, also known as red brass in the United States, is a type of bronze – an alloy of copper, tin and zinc. Proportions vary by source, but 88% copper, 8-10% tin, originally used chiefly for making guns, it was eventually superseded in this department by steel. It has a strength of 221 to 310 MPa, a specific gravity of 8.7, a density 8,719 kg/m3, a Brinell hardness of 65 to 74. Gunmetal ingot is a related alloy where the zinc is replaced by 2% lead, modified gunmetal contains lead in addition to the zinc, it is typically composed of 86% copper,9. 5% tin,2. 5% lead and 2% zinc. It is used for gears and bearings, U. S. Government bronze specification G C90500 is composed of 88% copper, 10% tin and 2% zinc. G bronze contains 88% copper, 8% tin and 4% zinc, U. S. Government bronze specification H is composed of 83% copper, 14% tin, 3% zinc and 0. 8% phosphorus. Red brass is used to produce pipes, valves and plumbing fixtures and is considered to offer a mixture of corrosion resistance, strength. It typically contains 85% copper, 5% tin, 5% lead, copper Alloy C23000, which is also known as red brass, contains 84-86% copper,0. 05% each iron and lead, with the balance being zinc. Gunmetal can also mean steel treated to simulate gunmetal bronze, bushings made of this metal are used in machinery. The Victoria Cross, Britains highest award for valour, is traditionally made using gunmetal from a cannon captured at the Siege of Sevastopol during the Crimean War. Gunmetal as a colour is different to the reddish alloy of the same name described above. It is a shade of grey that has a purplish tinge

14.
International orange
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International orange is a color used in the aerospace industry to set objects apart from their surroundings, similar to safety orange, but deeper and with a more reddish tone. This is the used by NASA. The Bell X1, the first airplane to break the barrier, was also painted in International Orange. Above is displayed the tone of orange used to paint the Golden Gate Bridge. In the adjacent box is displayed the tone of international orange used by military contractors. The source of color is Federal Standard 595, a U. S. Federal Government standard set up in 1956 for paint colors which is mostly used by military contractors. International Orange is designated as Federal Standard 595 color #FS12197 and this was also planned for the new Constellation Space Suit systems that were to be flight-ready by 2015. The tone of orange used on the Golden Gate Bridge is a deeper, darker tone of international orange than that used by the aerospace industry. It is considerably closer to red and it is also slightly lighter than the generic tone of international orange used by military contractors and in engineering generally in order to increase the visibility of the bridge to ships. In accordance with air safety regulations, the Tokyo Tower is painted in white, the World Football League used international orange for the stripes on their footballs. The league also painted a short international orange mark on the field at the two-yard line, schneider National paints its trucks international safety orange. Fire engine red List of colors Safety orange School bus yellow A 12-page 1988 GSA-approved specifications for International Orange paint, including other formulas

15.
Non-photo blue
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Non-photo blue is a common tool used in the graphic design and print industry. Non-photo blue is a shade of blue that cannot be detected by graphic arts camera film. This allows layout editors to write notes to the printer on the print flat which will not show in the final form and it also allows artists to lay down sketch lines without the need to erase after inking. More recently, with scanning and image manipulation, non-photo blue fulfills its function in a different way. The artist can do their sketch and inking in the traditional manner, most scanners will detect the light blue lines. However, shifting to greyscale and increasing the contrast and brightness of the scanned image causes the blue to disappear, another common approach involves replacing the blue channel with another channel – typically the red channel. The exact processes may differ depending on the scanner, settings and image-editing software, the difference between the non-photo blue and black ink is vast enough that digital image manipulation can separate the two easily. On a threshold scale of 0–255, this number would be approximately 140, there is no known colour within the Pantone Matching System that matches non-photo blue

16.
Ochre
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Ochre (/ˈoʊkər/ OH-kər, from Greek, ὠχρός, ōkhrós, or ocher, is a natural earth pigment containing hydrated iron oxide, which ranges in color from yellow to deep orange or brown. It is also the name of the produced by this pigment. A variant of ochre containing an amount of hematite, or dehydrated iron oxide, has a reddish tint known as red ochre. Ochre is a family of pigments, which includes yellow ochre, red ochre, purple ochre, sienna. The major ingredient of all the ochres is iron oxide-hydroxide, known as limonite, which gives them a yellow color. Yellow ochre, FeO·nH 2O, is a hydrated iron hydroxide also called gold ochre Red ochre, Fe 2O3, takes its color from the mineral hematite. Purple ochre, is identical to red ochre chemically but of a different hue caused by different light diffraction properties associated with an average particle size. Brown ochre, also FeO, is a hydrated iron oxide. Sienna contains both limonite and an amount of manganese oxide, which makes it darker than ochre. Umber pigments contain a proportion of manganese which make them a dark brown. When natural sienna and umber pigments are heated, they are dehydrated and some of the limonite is transformed into hematite, giving them more reddish colors, called burnt sienna and burnt umber. Ochres are non-toxic, and can be used to make an oil paint that dries quickly, modern ochre pigments often are made using synthetic iron oxide. Pigments which use natural ochre pigments indicate it with the name PY-43 on the label, pieces of ochre engraved with abstract designs have been found at the site of the Blombos Cave in South Africa, dated to around 75,000 years ago. In Wales, the paleolithic burial called the Red Lady of Paviland from its coating of red ochre has been dated to around 33,000 years before present. Paintings of animals made with red and yellow ochre pigments have been found in sites at Pech Merle in France. The cave of Lascaux has an image of a horse colored with yellow estimated to be 17,300 years old. In Ancient Egypt, yellow was associated with gold, which was considered to be eternal, the skin and bones of the gods were believed to be made of gold. The Egyptians used yellow extensively in tomb painting, though occasionally they used orpiment

17.
Oxblood
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Oxblood is a color considered to be a dark shade of red. It resembles burgundy, but has purple and dark brown hues. The first use of the term oxblood as a name in the English language dates back to 1695–1705. The name is derived from the color of the blood of an ox, the ox blood was used as a pigment to dye fabric, leather and paint. It is most commonly described as a red with purple. The blood would change from a red to a darker, oxidized. The term oxblood can be used to describe a range of colors red to reddish-purple to nearly black with red, brown. The color is used in fashion terms and it was popular and the name was used frequently in the 2012 Fall/Winter fashion season. Oxblood is a common color for leather shoes. It is sometimes called cordovan although this more properly refers to a particular type of horse leather. During the Fall/Winter fashion seasons of 2012 and 2013, oxblood was one of the commonly used colors, oxblood lipstick was popular, as well as oxblood-colored apparel and accessories

18.
Paris green
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Paris green is an inorganic compound. It is a highly toxic emerald-green crystalline powder that has used as a rodenticide and insecticide. It is also used as a colorant for fireworks. The color of Paris green is said to range from a blue green when very finely ground. Paris green may be prepared by combining acetate and arsenic trioxide. Paris green was used to kill rats in Parisian sewers. It was also used in America and elsewhere as an insecticide for produce such as apples, around 1900 and this toxic mixture is said to have burned the trees and the grass around the trees. Paris green was heavily sprayed by airplane in Italy, Sardinia, similar natural compounds are the minerals chalcophyllite Cu 18Al 233 27·36H 2O, conichalcite CaCu, cornubite Cu 52 4·H 2O, cornwallite Cu 52 4·H 2O, and liroconite Cu 2Al 4·4H 2O. These vivid minerals range from blue to slightly yellowish green. It was popular as a pigment and would degrade, with moisture and molds. Paris green may have also used in wallpaper to some extent. Both pigments were used in printing ink formulations. The ancient Romans used one of them, possibly conichalcite, as a green pigment, the Paris green paint used by the Impressionists is said to have been composed of relatively coarse particles. Later, the chemical was produced with increasingly small grinds and without carefully removing impurities and it is likely that it was ground more finely for use in watercolors and inks, too

19.
Rose (color)
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Rose is the color halfway between red and magenta on the HSV color wheel, also known as the RGB color wheel, on which it is at hue angle of 330 degrees. Rose is one of the colors on the HSV color wheel. The complementary color of rose is spring green, chinese and Mongolian people often use rose to decorate their wrists and necks with rose colored necklaces and bracelets resembling earlier adaptations of chokers. The first recorded use of rose as a name in English was in 1382. The etymology of the name rose is the same as that of the name of the rose flower. The name originates from Latin rosa, borrowed through Oscan from colonial Greek in southern Italy, rhodon, from Aramaic wurrdā, from Assyrian wurtinnu, at right is displayed the web color misty rose. This is written as mistyrose in HTML code for computer display, the color name misty rose first came into use in 1987, when this color was formulated as one of the X11 colors, which in the early 1990s became known as the X11 web colors. At right is displayed the color tea rose and this is the tint of the color that is used in interior design. This color is popular in interior design for painting bedrooms, especially among women, there is a different color also called tea rose, which is the color of an orange rose called a tea rose. This other color called tea rose is displayed in the article called variations of orange as tea rose, the first recorded use of tea rose as a color name in English was in 1884. The source of color is the ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names – Color sample of tea rose The color tickle me pink is displayed at right. This color was formulated by Crayola in 1993, since the color rose is so well loved in Persia, some shades of rose are named after Persia, such as the light tone of rose at right that is called Persian pink. This color is popular in womens fashion. The first recorded use of Persian pink as a name in English was in 1922. At right is displayed the color rose pink, the first recorded use of rose pink as a color name in English was in 1760. At right is displayed the color that is called in French rose bonbon, Rose bonbon is a tone of rose that is popular in France. At right is a Crayola color formulated in 1949, originally it was called brilliant rose, the original name is more accurate since this color, having a hue code of 329, is much closer to rose than magenta. At right is displayed the color Thulian pink and this color is also called Thulite pink, the first recorded use of Thulite pink as a color name in English was in 1912

20.
Rose madder
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Rose madder is the commercial name sometimes used to designate a paint made from the pigment madder lake, a traditional lake pigment extracted from the common madder plant Rubia tinctorum. Madder lake contains two red dyes, alizarin and purpurin. Madder has been cultivated as a dyestuff since antiquity in Central Asia, South Asia, and Egypt, where it was grown as early as 1500 BC. Cloth dyed with madder root dye was found in the tomb of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun and on an Egyptian tomb painting from the Graeco-Roman period and it was also found in ancient Greece, and in Italy in the Baths of Titus and the ruins of Pompeii. In Spain, madder was introduced and then cultivated by the Moors, the production of a lake pigment from madder seems to have been first invented by the ancient Egyptians. Ideal color was said to come from plants 18 to 28 months old that had grown in calcareous soil. The resulting madder lake had a less fugitive color and could be used more efficaciously, for example by blending it into a paint. Over the following years, other salts, including those containing chromium, iron. In 1827, the French chemists Pierre-Jean Robiquet and Colin began producing garancine and they then found that madder lake contained two colorants, the red alizarin and the more rapidly fading purpurin. Purpurin is only present in the form of madder and gives a distinctive orange/red generally warmer tone that pure synthetic alizarin does not. Purpurin fluoresces yellow to red under ultraviolet light, while synthetic alizarin slightly shows violet, alizarin was discovered before purpurin, by heating the ground madder with acid and potash. A yellow vapor crystallized into bright red needles, alizarin and this alizarin concentrate comprises only 1% of the madder root. Natural rose madder supplied half the world with red, until 1868, however, their recipe was not feasible for large-scale production, it required expensive and volatile substances, specifically bromine. William Perkin, the inventor of mauve, filed a patent in June 1869 for a new way to produce alizarin without bromine. Gräbe, Liebermann, and Heinrich Caro filed a patent for a similar process just one day before Perkin did - yet both patents were granted, as Perkins had been sealed first. They divided the market in half, Perkin sold to the English market, because this synthetic alizarin dye could be produced for a fraction of the cost of the natural madder dye, it quickly replaced all madder-based colorants then in use. In turn, alizarin itself has now largely replaced by the more light-resistant quinacridone pigments originally developed at DuPont in 1958. It is still manufactured in traditional ways to meet the demands of the art market

21.
Rosso corsa
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Rosso corsa is the red international motor racing colour of cars entered by teams from Italy. Since the 1920s Italian race cars of Alfa Romeo, Maserati, Lancia and this was the customary national racing colour of Italy as recommended between the world wars by the organisations that later became the FIA. In that scheme of international auto racing colours French cars were blue, British cars were green, etc. In Formula One, the colour was not determined by the country the car was made in nor by the nationality of the driver and this was done as a protest against the agreement between Ferrari and the Italian Racing Authorities regarding their planned mid-engined Ferrari race car. National colours were replaced in Formula One by commercial sponsor liveries in 1968. From 1996 to 2007 Ferrari F1 cars were painted in a brighter, the original Rosso Corsa may appear almost dark brown in older television sets. The Rosso corsa shade of red made a return on the F1 cars at the 2007 Monaco Grand Prix, in contrast, since the 2000s Maserati has been using white and blue and Abarth has been using white with red flashes. Rosso Corsa is also a popular colour choice for Ferrari road cars. The prince was so confident of winning that he took a detour from Moscow to St Petersburg for a dinner in honour of the team, goddard, who came second, lacked the resources of Borghese and had to beg fellow competitors for fuel. In a desperate attempt to catch up, he set a record for non-stop driving for 24 hours. The princes prize was simply a magnum of Mumm champagne, List of colours List of international auto racing colors Ludvigsen, Karl. Italian Racing Red, Drivers, Cars and Triumphs of Italian Motor Racing Racing Colours

22.
Ruby (color)
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Ruby is a color that is a representation of the color of the cut and polished ruby gemstone and is a shade of red. The somewhat deeper color of the uncut, unpolished ruby crystal is called rubelite, the first recorded use of ruby as a color name in English was in 1572. Displayed at right is the Pantone color rubine red, at right is displayed the color ruber. The source of color is, ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names --Color Sample of Ruber. Medium ruby is the color called ruby in Crayola Gem Tones, displayed at right is the color ruby red. This is one of the colors in the RAL color matching system, the RAL color list originated in 1927, and it reached its present form in 1961. Displayed at right is the big dip oruby. Big dip oruby is one of the colors in the set of metallic Crayola crayons called Metallic FX. This is supposed to be a metallic color, however, there is no mechanism for displaying metallic colors on a flat computer screen. At right is displayed the color antique ruby, the first recorded use of antique ruby as a color name in English was in 1926. The color antique ruby is a tone of ruby. The source of color is, ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names --Color Sample of Antique Ruby. Displayed at right is deep tone of ruby that is called ruby in the British Standards 381 color list and this color is #542 on the 381 color list. The 381 color list is for used in identification, coding. The British Standard color lists were first formulated in 1930 and reached their present form in 1955, the ruby-throated hummingbird is a small hummingbird. It is the species of hummingbird that regularly nests east of the Mississippi River in North America. Infrared light in the portion of the spectrum where it is visible to humans appears ruby red. Starting at about 660 nm in the red, a monochromatic source such as an LED or laser begins to look very slightly purplish

23.
Sapphire (color)
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Sapphire is a saturated shade of blue, referring to the gem of the same name. Sapphire gems are most commonly found in a range of blue shades although they can be different colors. Other names for variations of the color sapphire are blue sapphire or sapphire blue, displayed at right is the color sapphire. The first recorded use of sapphire as a name in English was in 1430. At right is displayed the color sapphire blue, medium sapphire is the color called sapphire in Crayola Gem Tones, a specialty set of Crayola crayons introduced in 1994. Bdazzled blue is a color in Crayola Metallic FX, a specialty set of Crayola crayons introduced in 2001, displayed as right is the color blue sapphire. The source of color is the Pantone Textile Paper Extended color list color #18-4231 Blue Sapphire. Dark sapphire is a tone of sapphire. Alcoholic beverages Bombay Sapphire is a brand of gin. It comes in a pale sapphire colored glass bottle, given names Sapphire is a popular given name for African-American females. Music The color Pearl Sapphire Blue is the color of the popular K-pop band Super Junior. Religion In the Old Testament of the Bible, in the Book of Ezekiel, it is stated that God sits upon a sapphire throne in Heaven

24.
Scarlet (color)
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Scarlet is a brilliant red color with a tinge of orange. In the spectrum of light, and on the traditional color wheel. According to surveys in Europe and the United States, scarlet and other bright shades of red are the colors most associated with courage, force, passion, heat, and joy. In the Roman Catholic Church, scarlet is the worn by a cardinal, and is associated with the blood of Christ and the Christian martyrs. Though it may be associated with hard work and this is a variation on the standard RGB or Hex combination that produces a truer Scarlet color on some monitors. This is the now called scarlet in Crayola crayons. It was originally formulated as torch red in 1998 and then renamed scarlet by Crayola in 2000, the first recorded use of flame as a color name in English was in 1590. The source of color is the ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names. A sample of the color Flame is also displayed in the Dictionary online version, displayed below is the web color fire brick, a medium dark shade of scarlet/red. Displayed at right is the color Boston University Scarlet, the color which, the color is identical to Utah Crimson. The word comes from the Middle English scarlat, from the Old French escarlate, from the Latin scarlatum, the term scarlet was also used in the Middle Ages for a type of cloth that was often bright red. An early recorded use of scarlet as a name in the English language dates to 1250. Scarlet has been a color of power, wealth and luxury since ancient times, Scarlet dyes were first mentioned in 8th century BC, under the name Armenian Red, and they were described in Persian and Assyrian writings. The color was exported from Persia to Rome, during the Roman Empire, it was second in prestige only to the purple worn by the Emperors. Roman officers wore scarlet cloaks, and persons of rank were referring to as the coccinati. The Latin term for scarlet used in the Bible comes from coccus, the finest scarlets in ancient times were made from the tiny scale insect called kermes, which fed on certain oak trees in Turkey, Persia, Armenia and other parts of the Middle East. The insects contained a strong natural dye, also called kermes. The insects were so small they were thought to be a kind of grain and this was the origin of the expression dyed in the grain

25.
School bus yellow
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School bus yellow is a color which was especially formulated for use on school buses in North America in 1939. The color is now known in Canada and the U. S. as National School Bus Glossy Yellow and was originally called National School Bus Chrome. The pigment used for this color was, for a long time, the color was chosen because it attracts attention and is noticed quickly in peripheral vision, faster than any other color. Scientists describe this as follows, Lateral peripheral vision for detecting yellows is 1.24 times greater than for red and it became known officially as National School Bus Chrome. The color was selected because black lettering on that hue was easiest to see in the semi-darkness of early morning, the conference met for seven days and the attendees created a total of 44 standards, including specifications regarding body length, ceiling height and aisle width. Paint experts from DuPont and Pittsburgh Paints participated, the color was adopted by the National Bureau of Standards as Federal Standard No. The conference approach to school bus safety, as well as the color, have endured into the 21st century. Dr. Cyr became known as the Father of the Yellow School Bus, the yellow color of other public vehicles, including taxicabs, did not derive from Dr. Cyrs standardization. Rather, it was from a much earlier choice made by Chicago-based entrepreneur John D. Hertz, who founded the Yellow Cab Company in 1914, Hertzs later car rental company would also use the bright yellow shade as part of its logo, which is still in use today. It is not known whether or to what extent Hertzs choice influenced Dr. Cyrs conception, the yellow used on Beijing breadloaf or miandi taxis shown in the photo below was likely influenced by yellow taxicabs in the US. In Sweden yellow buses were operated as postbuses in sparsely populated regions by the Swedish Postal Service from 1923 to 1991, i. e. Other national postal services in Europe, including in Germany and Switzerland, also operated buses for the same reason, since long before 1939. School bus yellow is also the color of long-distance coaches

26.
Shades of blue
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Varieties of the color blue may differ in hue, chroma, or lightness, or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a blue or other hue mixed with white, a large selection of these various colors is shown below. In this section, the term tint is used in its sense as used in color theory. Baby blue is known as one of the pastel colors, with a hue code of 199, this color is a tone of azure. The first recorded use of blue as a color name in English was in 1892. The web color blue is displayed in the color box at right. Variations of this color are known as sky blue, baby blue, within the X11 color system, with a hue code of 194, this color is closer to cyan than to blue. The first recorded use of blue as a color term in English is in the year 1915. Shown in the right is the color periwinkle, or periwinkle blue, another name for this color is lavender blue. The color is a mixture of white and blue and it is named after the Periwinkle flower and is also commonly referred to as a tone of light blue. The web color blue is shown on the right. The first recorded use of blue as a color name in English was in 1774. Displayed at right is the color morning blue and it is a representation of the color of the morning sky. The year the first recorded use of morning blue as a name in English is unknown. Source of color, ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names --Color Sample of Morning Blue The color defined as blue in the RGB color model and this color is the brightest possible blue that can be reproduced on a computer screen, and is the color named blue in X11. It is one of the three colors used on the RGB color space, along with red and green. This color is called color wheel blue. It is at precisely 240 degrees on the HSV color wheel and it is a spectral color which lies at, or near, the short-wave end of the traditional blue and possibly was classified as indigo by Newton

27.
Shades of brown
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Brown is a composite color which can be produced by combining red, yellow, and black, or by a combination of orange and black—as can be seen in the color box at right. The color brown shown at right has a hue code of 30, in the RGB color model used to create all the colors on computer and television screens, brown is made by combining red and green light at different intensities. Brown color names are not very precise, and some shades, such as beige, can refer to a wide variety of colors. Browns are usually described as light or dark, reddish, yellowish, there are no standardized names for shades of brown, the same shade may have different names on different color lists, and sometimes the one name can refer to several very different colors. The X11 color list of web colors lists seventeen different shades of brown, brown colors are dark or muted shades of reds, oranges, and yellows which are created on computer and television screens using the RGB color model and in printing with the CMYK color model. Browns can also be created by mixing two complementary colors from the RYB color model, below is a list of some of the common brown colors. The web color called brown is displayed at right, the historical and traditional name for this color is red-brown. The color shown above at the top right at the head of this article is the color normally and traditionally regarded as brown—a medium dark orange and its h code is 30, which signifies a shade of orange. The color to the right that was chosen as the web color brown—a medium dark red—is the color traditionally called red-brown. That this color is a shade of red and not orange can be ascertained by inspecting its h code. The first recorded use of red-brown as a name in English was in 1682. Beaver is a color that is a representation of the color of the fur of a beaver. The first recorded use of beaver as a name in English was in 1705. The color beaver was formulated as one of the Crayola colors in 1998, etymologically, its believed that the words brown and beaver ultimately stem from the same root word. Beige is a color that is a representation of the color of unbleached wool, buff is a pale yellow-brown color that got its name from the colour of buffed leather. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, buff as a descriptor of a colour was first used in the London Gazette of 1686, burnt umber is made by heating raw umber, which dehydrates the iron oxides and changes them partially to the more reddish hematite. It is used for oil and water color paint. The first recorded use of burnt umber as a name in English was in 1650

28.
Shades of cyan
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This article is about notable tints and shades of the color cyan, a greenish blue. Cyan is one of the subtractive primary colors- cyan, magenta, the first recorded use of cyan blue as a color name in English was in 1879. As such, the CMYK printing process was invented in the 1890s, process cyan is not an RGB color, and there is no fixed conversion from CMYK primaries to RGB. Different formulations are used for ink, so there can be variations in the printed color that is pure cyan ink. A typical formulation of process cyan is shown in the box at right. The source of the color shown at right is the color magenta that is shown in the located at the bottom of the following website offering tintbooks for CMYK printing. The X11 name for this color is cyan, the HTML name for the color is aqua. They are both composed of the mixture of blue and green light, and are exactly the same color. See also Air Force blue#Aero Aero blue is a fluorescent cyan color, Aero blue was used as rainshower in one of the Sharpie permanent markers but not as bright on the marker. However, there is no mechanism for showing fluorescence on a computer screen, aquamarine is a color that is a bluish tint of cerulean toned toward cyan. It is named after the mineral aquamarine, a gemstone found in granite rocks. The first recorded use of aquamarine as a name in English was in 1598. Blue-green has been a Crayola color since 1930, displayed at right is the color caribbean current. At right is displayed the color celeste, bleu celeste is a rarely occurring tincture in heraldry. This tincture is sometimes also called ciel or simply celeste and it is depicted in a lighter shade than the range of shades of the more traditional tincture azure, which is the standard blue used in heraldry. It has been used rarely since the 17th century, gaining popularity after the First World War, the first recorded use of cerulean as a color name in English was in 1590. The word is derived from the Latin word caeruleus, dark blue, blue, or blue-green. Charleston green is a dark shade of cyan

29.
Shades of orange
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In optics, orange has a wavelength between approximately 585 and 620 nm and a hue of 30° in HSV color space. In the RGB color space it is a tertiary color numerically halfway between gamma-compressed red and yellow, as can be seen in the RGB color wheel, the complementary color of orange is azure. Orange pigments are largely in the ochre or cadmium families, varieties of the color orange may differ in hue, chroma or lightness, or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being an orange or other hue mixed with white, a large selection of these various colors is shown below. At right is the orange, also known as color wheel orange. This is the tone of orange that is a pure chroma on the HSV color wheel, the complementary color of orange is azure. At right is the web color called orange and it is defined in CSS as the hex triplet FFA500. The web color called dark orange is at the right, at right is displayed the color that is called orange in Pantone. The source of color is the Pantone Textile Paper eXtended color list. At right is displayed the color that is called orange by Crayola, orange was one of the original colors formulated by Crayola in 1903. Displayed at right is the web color papaya whip, a tint of orange. Papaya whip is a representation of the color that would result if mashed papayas were blended with ice cream, whipped cream. At right is displayed the color peach, the first recorded use of peach as a color name in English was in 1588. Displayed at right is the light orange. This color was formulated for Crayola colored pencils, at right is displayed the color apricot. Apricot has been in use as a name since 1851. Displayed at right is the color melon and this color is a representation of the color of the interior flesh of a cantaloupe, the most commonly consumed melon. The first recorded use of melon as a name in English was in 1892

30.
Shades of purple
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There are numerous variations of the color purple, a sampling of which are shown below. In common English usage, purple is a range of hues of color occurring between red and blue. In color theory, purple colors are any colors on the line of purples on the CIE chromaticity diagram, the first recorded use of purple as a color name in English was in 975 AD. Therefore, Tyrian purple was also called imperial purple, Tyrian purple may have been discovered as early as the time of the Minoan civilization. Alexander the Great, the emperor of the Seleucid Empire, the imperial robes of Roman emperors were Tyrian purple trimmed in metallic gold thread. The badge of office of a Roman Senator was a stripe of Tyrian purple on their white toga, Tyrian purple was continued in use by the emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire until its final collapse in 1453. The actual tone could vary depending on how it was formulated, lesser royal houses that wanted to economize could mix the Tyrian purple dye with the much cheaper indigo to create a color closer to violet. Han purple is a type of pigment found in China between 500 BC and AD220. It was used in the decoration of the Terracotta Army, the color royal purple is shown at right. This tone of purple is bluer than the ancient Tyrian purple, the first recorded use of royal purple as a color name in English was in 1661. In 1990, royal purple was formulated as one of the Crayola crayon colors, mauveine was first named in 1856. Chemist Sir William Henry Perkin, then eighteen, was attempting to create artificial quinine, an unexpected residue caught his eye, which turned out to be the first aniline dye—specifically, Perkins mauve or mauveine is sometimes called aniline purple. Perkin was so successful in recommending his discovery to the industry that his biography by Simon Garfield is titled Mauve. As mauveine faded easily, our understanding of mauve is as a lighter. Mauveine was named after the mauve colored mallow flower, even though it is a deeper tone of purple than mauve. The term Mauve in the late 19th century could refer to either the deep, Mauve came into great vogue when in 1862 Queen Victoria appeared at the Royal Exhibition in a mauve silk gown—dyed with mauveine. By 1890, this color had become so pervasive in fashion that author Thomas Beer used it in the title of his book about the 1890s, The Mauve Decade. This red-violet color, called purple by artists, is the pigment color that would be on a pigment color color wheel between pigment violet and pigment magenta

31.
Shades of yellow
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Varieties of the color yellow may differ in hue, chroma or lightness, or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a yellow or other hue mixed with white, a large selection of these various colors is shown below. Displayed at right is the web color light yellow, displayed at right is the web color cream, a pale tint of yellow. Displayed at right is the web color lemon chiffon Lemon chiffon is a color that is reminiscent of the color of lemon chiffon cake. The color box at right shows the most intense yellow representable in 8-bit RGB color model and this color is also called color wheel yellow. It is at precisely 60 degrees on the HSV color wheel, process yellow, also known as canary yellow, is one of the three colors typically used as subtractive primary colors, along with magenta and cyan. Process yellow is not an RGB color, and in the CMYK color model there is no fixed conversion from CMYK primaries to RGB, different formulations are used for printers ink, so there can be variations in the printed color that is pure yellow ink. The first recorded use of yellow as a color name in English was in 1789. The color defined as yellow in the NCS or Natural Color System is shown at right, the Natural Color System is a color system based on the four unique hues or psychological primary colors red, yellow, green, and blue. The NCS is based on the opponent process theory of vision, the “Natural Color System” is widely used in Scandinavia. The color defined as yellow in the Munsell color system is shown at right, in order for all the colors to be spaced uniformly, it was found necessary to use a color wheel with five primary colors—red, yellow, green, blue, and purple. The Munsell colors displayed are only approximate as they have adjusted to fit into the sRGB gamut. The color that is called yellow in Pantone is displayed at right, the source of this color is the Pantone Textile Paper eXtended color list, color #C, EC, M, PC, U, or CP—Yellow. The color that is called yellow in Crayola crayons is displayed at right, Yellow was one of the original Crayola colors formulated in 1903. The color unmellow yellow is shown at right, the color unmellow yellow was formulated by Crayola in 1990. The color unmellow yellow is a fluorescent yellow to Laser Lemon. In crayons, the color may look a little bit orange-ish, the color is supposed to be fluorescent, but there is no mechanism to display fluorescence on a flat computer screen. Lemon is a color somewhat resembling yellow and named after the fruit, the color lemon is a representation of the color of the outer skin of a lemon

32.
Sky blue
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Sky blue is the name of a colour that resembles the colour of the sky at noon. The entry for sky-blue in Murrays New English Dictionary reports a first sighting of the term in the article on silver in Ephraim Chamberss Cyclopaedia of 1728, however, many writers had used the term sky blue to name a colour before Chambers. For example, we find sky blue in A Collection of Voyages and Travels,2, p.322, where John Nieuhoff describes certain flowers, they are of a lovely sky blue colour, and yellow in the middle. The sense of colour may have been first used in 1585 in a book by Nicolas de Nicolay where he stated the tulbant of the merchant must be skie coloured. Displayed at right is the web colour sky blue, Celeste is the colloquial name for the pale turquoise blue colour associated with Italian bicycle manufacturer Bianchi S. p. A and sometimes known as Bianchi Green. In Italian, as the name indicates, it is an attempt to reproduce the colour of clear skies, in English, this colour may also be referred to as Italian sky blue. Bleu celeste is a rarely occurring tincture in heraldry and this tincture is sometimes also called ciel or simply celeste. It is depicted in a lighter shade than the range of shades of the more traditional tincture azure, Bianchi bicycles are traditionally painted celeste, also known as Bianchi Green. Contradictory myths say celeste is the colour of the Milan sky, the eye colour of a queen for whom Edoardo Bianchi made a bicycle. The exact shade of turquoise used by the company has varied over time, in Anglophone countries Celeste is sometimes reported as Pantone -#332, and with various other shades. Displayed at right is the web colour sky blue. It is close in shade to baby blue, displayed at right is the colour medium sky blue. This is the colour that is called sky blue in Crayola crayons and this colour was formulated by Crayola in 1958. Sky blue appears in the 32,48,64,96 and 120 packs of crayons, displayed at right is the colour vivid sky blue. Deep sky blue is an azure-cyan colour associated with sky blue. Deep sky blue is a web colour and this colour is the colour on the colour wheel halfway between azure and cyan. The traditional name for this colour is Capri, the first use of Capri as a colour name in English was in 1920. Specifically, the colour Capri is named after the colour of the Blue Grotto on the island of Capri. as it appears on a sunny day

33.
Turquoise (color)
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Turquoise /ˈtɜːrkɔɪz/ or /ˈtɜːrkwɔɪz/ is the name of a bluish-green color, based on the gem of the same name. The word turquoise comes from the French for Turkish, as the gem was originally imported from Turkey, the first recorded use of turquoise as a color name in English was in 1573. It is, generally thought to consist of 70% blue and 30% green, the X11 color named turquoise is displayed on the right. Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a phosphate of copper and aluminium. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gem, in many cultures of the Old and New Worlds, this gemstone has been esteemed for thousands of years as a holy stone, a bringer of good fortune or a talisman. The oldest evidence for this claim was found in ancient Egypt, in the ancient Persian Empire, the sky-blue gemstones were earlier worn round the neck or wrist as protection against unnatural death. If they changed color, the wearer was thought to have reason to fear the approach of doom, meanwhile, it has been discovered that turquoise can change color. The change can be caused by light, or by a chemical reaction brought about by cosmetics, Turquoise is a stone and color that is strongly associated with the domes and interiors of large mosques in Iran, Central Asia and Russia. The color Celeste is a sky bluish turquoise, light Turquoise is a lighter tone of turquoise. Turquoise blue is a close to turquoise on the color wheel. The first recorded use of blue as a color name in English was in 1900. Turquoise association of Iran is developer center of Iranian turquoise all of the world and this association started their work as the only authentic representative and exporter of precious Persian Turquoise since 1998 and now our honor is getting more and more well-thought-of in market. At right is displayed the web color medium turquoise, at right is displayed the web color dark turquoise. At right is displayed the color pearl mystic turquoise

34.
Ultramarine
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Ultramarine is a deep blue color and a pigment which was originally made by grinding lapis lazuli into a powder. The name comes from the Latin ultramarinus, literally beyond the sea, Ultramarine was the finest and most expensive blue used by Renaissance painters. It was often used for the robes of the Virgin Mary and it remained an extremely expensive pigment until a synthetic ultramarine was invented in 1826. The pigment consists primarily of a mineral containing small amounts of polysulfides. It occurs in nature as a component of lapis lazuli containing a blue cubic mineral called lazurite. The pigment color code is P, the major component of lazurite is a complex sulfur-containing sodium-silicate, which makes ultramarine the most complex of all mineral pigments. Some chloride is present in the crystal lattice as well. The blue color of the pigment is due to the S−3 radical anion, the preparation is typically made in steps. The first part of the takes place at 700 to 750 °C in a closed furnace, so that sulphur, carbon. This yields a yellow-green product sometimes used as a pigment, in the second step air or sulphur dioxide at 350 to 450 °C is used to oxidise sulphide sulphur in the intermediate product to S2 and Sn chromophore molecules, resulting in the blue pigment. The mixture is heated in a kiln, sometimes in brick-sized amounts, the resultant solids are then ground and washed as per any other insoluble pigment manufacturing process. The chemical reaction produces large amounts of sulfur dioxide, meaning that flue-gas desulfurization is an part of its manufacture to comply with pollution regulations. Large chimneys were used to disperse sulfur dioxide produced in the process, resulting in ultramarine tinting the surrounding ground surfaces, Ultramarine poor in silica is obtained by fusing a mixture of soft clay, sodium sulfate, charcoal, sodium carbonate and sulfur. The product is at first white, but soon turns green green ultramarine when it is mixed with sulfur, the sulfur burns, and a fine blue pigment is obtained. Ultramarine rich in silica is obtained by heating a mixture of pure clay, very fine white sand, sulfur. A blue product is obtained at once, but a red tinge often results, the different ultramarines—green, blue, red and violet—are finely ground and washed with water. Its color is unaffected by light nor by contact with oil or lime as used in painting, hydrochloric acid immediately bleaches it with liberation of hydrogen sulfide. Even a small addition of oxide to the reddish varieties especially causes a considerable diminution in the intensity of the color

35.
Shades of green
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Varieties of the color green may differ in hue, chroma or lightness, or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a green or other hue mixed with white, a large selection of these various colors is shown below. Green is common in nature, especially in plants, many plants are green mainly because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll which is involved in photosynthesis. Many shades of green have been named after plants or are related to plants, due to varying ratios of chlorophylls, the plant kingdom exhibits many shades of green in both hue and value. Artichoke is a color that is a representation of the color of a raw fresh uncooked artichoke, another name for this color is artichoke green. The first recorded use of green as a color name in English was in 1905. This is the color called green in Pantone. The source is Pantone 18-0125 TPX Asparagus is a tone of green that is named after the vegetable, Crayola created this color in 1993 as one of the 16 to be named in the Name the Color Contest. It is also the color of a wild asparagus plant blowing in the wind of the 1949 classic film Sands of Iwo Jima, another name for this color is asparagus green. The first recorded use of green as a color name in English was in 1805. Avocado is a color that is a representation of the color of the surface of an avocado. The color avocado is a dark yellow-green color, avocado was a common color for metal surfaces, as well as the color harvest gold, during the whole decade of the 1970s. They were both also popular colors for shag carpets, both colors went out of style by the early 1980s. Dark green is a shade of green. A different shade of green has been designated as green for certain computer uses. Fern green is a color that resembles ferns, a Crayola crayon named fern was created in 1998, which is a lighter shade of the top color shown on the right. The first recorded use of green as a color name in English was in 1902. Forest green refers to a green color said to resemble the color of the trees, the first recorded use of forest green as the name of a color in the English language was in 1810

36.
Shades of red
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Varieties of the color red may differ in hue, chroma or lightness, or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a red or other hue mixed with white, a large selection of these various colors is shown below. At right is displayed the web color pink, a tint of red. The pink is considered to be a basic color term on its own. At right is displayed the tone of salmon that is called salmon in Crayola crayons. This color was introduced by Crayola in 1949, see the List of Crayola crayon colors. The color coral pink is displayed at right, an orange color. The web color salmon is displayed at right, the color displayed at right, Red, RGB red, or electric red is the brightest possible red that can be reproduced on a computer monitor. This color is an approximation of a red spectral color. It is one of the three colors of light in the RGB color model, along with green and blue. Portable devices such as mobile phones might have even narrower gamut due to this purity–power tradeoff and their red may be less colorful and this color is also the color called red in the X11 web colors, which were originally formulated in 1987. It is also called color wheel red and it is at precisely zero degrees on the HSV color wheel, also known as the RGB color wheel. Pigment red is the red that is achieved by mixing process magenta. This is the red that is shown in the diagram located at the bottom of the following website offering tintbooks for CMYK printing. The purpose of the CMYK color system is to provide the maximum possible gamut of colors capable of being reproduced in printing. Psychedelic art made people used to brighter colors of red, the result approximates the electric red shown above. The color defined as red in the NCS or Natural Color System is shown at right, the Natural Color System is a color system based on the four unique hues or psychological primary colors red, yellow, green, and blue. The NCS is based on the opponent process theory of vision, the Natural Color System is widely used in Scandinavia

37.
Violet (color)
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Violet is the color of amethyst, lavender and beautyberries. It takes its name from the violet flower, Violet is the color at the end of the visible spectrum of light between blue and the invisible ultraviolet. Violet color has a predominant light wavelength of roughly 380-450 nanometers, light with a shorter wavelength than violet but longer than X-rays and gamma rays is called ultraviolet. In the color wheel used by painters, it is located between blue and purple. This is not true violet, since it is composed of multiple longer wavelengths rather than a wavelength shorter than that of blue light. Violet and purple look very similar, but violet is a color, with its own set of wavelengths on the spectrum of visible light, while purple is a composite color, made by combining blue. In history, violet and purple have long associated with royalty and majesty. The emperors of Rome wore purple togas, as did the Byzantine emperors, during the Middle Ages violet was worn by bishops and university professors and was often used in art as the color of the robes of the Virgin Mary. According to surveys in Europe and the United States, violet is the people most often associate with extravagance and individualism, the unconventional, the artificial. In Chinese painting, the color represents the harmony of the universe because it is a combination of red. In Hinduism and Buddhism violet is associated with the Crown Chakra, from the Middle English and old French violette, and from the Latin viola, the names of the violet flower. The first recorded use of violet as a name in English was in 1370. Violet can also refer to the first violas which were painted a similar color. In the traditional color used by painters, violet and purple are both placed between red and blue. Purple occupies the space closer to red, between crimson and violet, Violet is closer to blue, and usually less intense and bright than purple. The range of purples is created by combining blue and red light of any intensities, Violet is one of the oldest colors used by man. It has also found in the cave of Altamira and Lascaux. It was sometimes used an alternative to black charcoal, sticks of manganese, used for drawing, have been found at sites occupied by Neanderthal man in France and Israel