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Investing in Uncertain PeriodInvesting always has some uncertainty, but there are some situations when rise even more questions than usually. The current situation is just like one of those uncertain periods. When the economic cycle so inconclusive,http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investing_in_uncertain_period-p0-i7

Investment in Bulgaria
Starting from the very beginning I will try to make clear why I am bullish about investing Bulgarian stock market. At first I would suggest to look at the chart below.
Five year Bulgarian stock market inhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_in_bulgaria-p0-i10

Investing in Land - Agricultural REITs
Investing in land
I have noticed an increased interest in agricultural land investments during the last period. And I can it understand completely. When stocks are so volatile and bonds may offer such low returnhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investing_in_land_agricultural_reits-p0-i12

Where Are the Investment Markets Moving Now?
Some of the market participants call the current situation a “crisis” others are starting to be convinced that we are in a bear market. While others just don’t know how to call it. Well, I call http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/where_are_the_investment_markets_moving_now-p0-i14

Stocks Riskier than Bonds?
It is so common that stocks are riskier investments than bonds; nobody is even considering this question. Would I doubt it? Of course not, stocks are stocks and bonds are bonds. But I would like to look at it frohttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/stocks_riskier_than_bonds-p0-i15

Bond Investment: Government Bonds and corporate Bondscorporate Bonds and Government Bonds
Today I want to discuss another untraditional topic. However, this topic concerns the most traditional investments – bonds. Bonds been used for very long time ahttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/bond_investment_government_bonds_and_corporate_bonds-p0-i17

How ECB Is Affecting Investment Markets?
Today was announced very interesting news. The news is about the fact that ECB (European Central Banks) lends 489 billion of Euros to the banks. It is a really huge amount of capital that flows from ECB to the fihttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/how_ecb_is_affecting_investment_markets-p0-i18

How to Beat the Stock Market
Investing is good, but the real challenge for every portfolio manager is to beat the stock market, or beat the market. Of course the term ‘market’ is not very exact. In reality to beat the market is thttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/how_to_beat_the_stock_market-p0-i20

European Dividend Stocks
Before getting to the exact stocks, at first, please let me explain why I have chosen European dividend stocks as a topic. For the beginning, lets solve the question why dividend stocks. The true is that many invhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/european_dividend_stocks-p0-i22

Investment in Mutual FundsInvestment Funds (Collective Investment)
Investment in mutual funds is one of the most popular types of investment. A mutual fund is just a large and well diversified investment portfolio of many securities, in which cahttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_in_mutual_funds

Asset ManagementDefinition
Asset management which also is called as investment management has many similarities to finance management but investment management is more specific and narrow area of finance. Investhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/asset_management

Net Debt
Definition
'Net debt' is used quite often in finance and it is equal to financial liabilities of the company that are reduced by the cash amount (and cash equivalents) that are held by the company. http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/net_debt

Finance Management
Financial management, asset management, investment management, wealth management in fact are similar processes only called in different names. An investments definition may include both financial assets and real http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/finance_management

Investment ManagerInvestment management or finance management are particularly a lot of attention and responsibility requiring areas. It does not matter whether you manage your money whether corporate funds, in any case, it is important thttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_manager

Wealth Management
Wealth management has a lot of similarities to investment management also a lot in common with finance management. But the finance management defines more corporate not a personal finance management, while http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/wealth_management

Investment Industry
An investment industry is a part of whole financial industry of the world. Finance sector includes not only investment industry but also other financial services: corporate finance, public finance, insurancehttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_industry

Bond Market
A bond market includes all the bonds (debt securities) that are issued and traded or just held. Bond market is a part of a whole financial market. This market covers all the fixed income securities that arehttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/bond_market

Shareholder
A shareholder (stockholder) is a individual or company that owns some shares of stock in a corporation. Technically, every investor who is investing in shares is a shareholder for as long as he holds those shttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/shareholder

Investor
An investor is an individual or corporate unit that invests in any class of investments on purpose to earn some return from invested capital. There may be more criteria to distinguish very small investments http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investor

Stockholder Wealth Maximization
Stockholder wealth maximization is a main goal for firm’s managers in corporate finance. Stockholder wealth maximization is above the profit maximization because of long term orientation and better risk manhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/stockholder_wealth_maximization

Greenshoe
A greenshoe is an option to sell or buy shares during initial public offering IPO. This option is agreed between the company that goes public and the IPO organizer (some corporate finance firm).
Thehttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/greenshoe

Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)
Real estate investment trust (REIT) is a corporate entity that invests exceptionally in to real estate sector. Usually securities of REIT’s are traded on stock exchange and every investor can easily acquirehttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/real_estate_investment_trust_reit

Investment Bank
An investment bank is a financial institution that has a license of bank and specializes exclusively on investment services. In the USA investment banking services was separated from other banking activity uhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_bank

Commercial Bank
A commercial bank also commonly called just a bank is financial institution that has a license to provide financial services.
The principal services provided by banks:
Taking the deposits
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/commercial_bank

Business Organization Forms
Business organization forms may be different vary over countries depending on corporate law. The most popular classification, also applied in US classifies such forms:
Sole proprietorship
Partnership
Limitedhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/business_organization_forms

Partnership
A partnership is a business form created by not less than two parties and is non corporate business form. Partnership may have different forms and usually is made by contract. Most often in current days parhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/partnership

Preemptive Right
A preemptive right is a right of company’s shareholders to acquire more shares in case of new share issue proportionally. Usually such right is described in shareholder’s agreement.
Such righhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/preemptive_right

corporate Financecorporate finance is a niche of finance that deals with financial questions related to corporations.
The main goal of every company should be stockholders wealth maximization, but to achieve that mhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/corporate_finance

Financial Leverage
A financial leverage is a use of borrowed money to achieve more efficient capital structure. A borrowed capital is cheaper than equity capital most of the times. So usage of loaned money makes weighted average cahttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/financial_leverage

corporate Investment
A corporate investment is investment made by one corporation into another. All corporations try to keep the growth of the business. Some do it only organically, while others also proceeds mergers & acquisitiohttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/corporate_investment

Working Capital
Working capital can be calculated from balance sheet data. There are few ways to calculate working capital, but the most accurate is this one (for operating working capital):
Working capital = total currhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/working_capital

Return on Investment
Return on investment (ROI) is a percentage that shows profitability of an investment or investment portfolio. Return on investment calculation:
CALCULATION:
Return on investment = net inhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/return_on_investment

Relative Valuation Comparative analysis
Relative valuation is stock valuation method that gained its popularity because of simplicity and practical importance. The key principle of relative valuation is about valuation multihttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/relative_valuation

Discounted Cash Flow
Discounted cash flow (DCF) is forecasted net cash flow of the company or other asset that is recalculated (discounted) to its current value. Discounted cash flow is important for investment assessing and mostly ihttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/discounted_cash_flow

WACC
WACC (Weighted Average Capital Cost) shows cost of capital when capital is consisted of both equity and debt capital. So WACC simply calculates the weighted average between equity cost and debt cost.
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/wacc

Warrants
Warrants are derivative securities that give the right to acquire shares of the issuer at the predetermined price and time. From the holders position there is no difference between warrant and call option. The mahttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/warrants

ROE
ROE (Return on Equity) shows profitability of company’s book value. Company’s book value (equity) is equal to company’s assets less liabilities, and ROE is usually higher if company hahttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/roe

M&A
M&A (mergers & acquisitions) is a field of corporate finance in which corporations are acquiring other companies or are merging in between. Theoretically it doesn’t sound very impressive, but in reahttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/ma

Investment Services
Investment services is a spectrum of financial services provided by investment banks, brokerage houses, investment management companies and other financial intermediaries that work in investment finance segment.
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_services

Personal Investing
Personal investing is investing when investments are made by an individual but not a corporation which is corporate investment.
Personal investing is a part of personal finance that is responsible for pehttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/personal_investing

Finance Advisor
A finance advisor is a job title for a person who provides financial consultations for the clients. Financial advisor also includes functions of an investment advisor but may include more financial advisory functhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/finance_advisor

Angel Investors
Angel investors are investors that have capital for investments and are investing in young companies that are in start-up stage and are needed for capital to exploit growth potential. The source of funding from ahttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/angel_investors

Financial Statements
Financial statements are periodically by the companies issued reports that provide the most important financial information about company’s financial condition and success of activity.
There http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/financial_statements

Income Statement
Income statement (also called statement of operations, profit and loss statement, P&L or other) is one of three main financial statements reported by the companies periodically. Income statement exposes compahttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/income_statement

Income
The term income may have several meanings. In corporate finance it basically means profit or earnings that are equal to revenue less expenses. But in some cases income may also indicate company’s revenue buhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/income

EBIT
EBIT (also called Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) is a financial indicator of the company that provides information about company’s profitability while ignoring the impact of capital structure and corpohttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/ebit

Financial Analysis
Financial analysis is an important part of investing, especially if investor wants better results from his investments. Of course it is possible to ignore financial analysis and make investment decisions based onhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/financial_analysis

Debt Coverage Ratio
Debt coverage ratio (debt service coverage ratio) is a ratio that measures solvency risk and mostly is applied for property projects. There are many debt coverage ratios that are used in financial practice on thihttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/debt_coverage_ratio

Financial Planning
Financial planning is a type of financial analysis of which goal is to predict financial situation of the object in the future. There are two main trends where financial planning can be applied: in corporate finahttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/financial_planning

Working Capital Management
Why Working Capital Is Important?
Working capital is one of the main parts of company’s finances and every manager, even of the small company, manages working capital despite the fact he knows about that ohttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/working_capital_management

Before Tax Cost of Debt
Before tax cost of debt (or pretax cost of debt) usually is a standard cost of debt. When you determine the interest rate paid by the company for its debt, it is equal to debt cost before tax. However, interest ehttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/before_tax_cost_of_debt

After Tax Cost of Debt
There are two types of the debt cost: ‘before tax cost of debt’ and after tax cost of debt. The only difference between those is that the first one is equal to the interest rate paid by company while http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/after_tax_cost_of_debt

EBITA
EBITA (earnings before interest, taxes and amortization) is a financial indicator that shows company’s earnings which are equal to pretax profit plus corporate tax and amortization.
EBITA is http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/ebita

Return on Invested Capital
Return on invested capital (ROIC) or also called return on capital is a financial ratio employed to measure nominal company’s return that is earned by capital invested in operating asset. Basically return ohttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/return_on_invested_capital

Total Debt Ratio
Total debt ratio compares total liabilities to total assets. The higher ratio represents riskier situation. And if this ratio is equal to 1.0, it would mean that liabilities are equal to assets or in other words http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/total_debt_ratio

Gross Debt
(1) Gross debt in corporate finance is often used as synonym for ‘total debt’, however there might be some differences depending on the version of the total debt. Technically, ‘gross debt’http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/gross_debt

Book Value
There are two main types of values that are used in finance:
Book value
Market value
Book value is a value that is recorded in the balance sheet of a company. Every asset of the company must http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/book_value

LeverageLeverage definition
In finance leverage means usage of debt capital in addition to the equity capital in order to increase the profit. Increase in leverage is understood as increase in riskiness and volatility.
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/leverage

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