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Time Crisis II was released utilizing Namco's System 23 arcade board in 1997, and was ported to PlayStation 2 (with enhanced graphics and polygon textures) in 2001. The game utilizes the foot pedal system, just like Time Crisis, where players can shoot or hide from enemy fire. One modification to the hide and attack system was the "crisis flash" system which alerts the players whether or not the enemy's attack would cause a direct hit, a feature not present in its first predecessor, Time Crisis. When pressing down on the pedal, the player comes out of hiding, being able to shoot the enemies. Releasing the pedal puts the player behind cover to avoid critical bullets and reload the weapon, though the player cannot shoot whilst hiding. Certain sections of the game give players a machine gun with unlimited ammo.

The player loses a life if hit by a critical bullet or an obstacle and the game ends when the player loses all lives. Players also lose a life if the time limit (which is replenished after each area is cleared) drops to zero (unlike the first game where running out of time resulted in a game over). Players can continue from the point their current position, as opposed to the PlayStation version of Time Crisis, which required players to restart from the beginning of a section.

This was the first Time Crisis game to introduce two-player cooperative play by allowing two people to play simultaneously, allowing each player to cover the other (in single player, the computer controls the other character). The arcade version used connecting cabinets, allowing a player to allow another player to join, or to exclusively play alone. The PlayStation 2 version features split-screen or System Link functionality, which requires two televisions, consoles, and copies of the game and an iLink cable to use. Points are deducted for shooting the other player, though neither player will lose lives as a result. The same system is utilized once again in for events Time Crisis 3 and Time Crisis 4.

In 1997, NeoDyne Industries announces plans for a "StarLine Network" of 64 satellites that will unify the communications of all continents. However, V.S.S.E. agent Christy Ryan discovers that the company's real plan is to launch an experimental nuclear satellite into space and sell it to the highest bidder. While attempting to escape with a suitcase full of incriminating data, she is exposed and barely manages a getaway. NeoDyne agent Jakov Kinisky and his mercenary troops track Ryan to her safehouse and abduct her just as a V.S.S.E. extraction unit consisting of agents Keith Martin and Robert Baxter arrive. They pursue Kinisky to a canal, where he tries to escape on an armed speedboat. Keith and Robert pursue him and force the boat to crash, killing Kinisky. They retrieve his case and learn the satellite is to be transported via train at a rural station.

They locate the train and catch up to it just as an aerial unit arrives to collect the satellite. NeoDyne's head of security, "Buff" Bryant, reveals that he arranged things so that any attempt to destroy the satellite would be in vain. He then engages the agents with his enhanced strength. They finally manage to shoot down his chopper and destroy the train. When NeoDyne mercenaries arrive to confirm their deaths, the agents kill them and use their chopper to reach the spaceport where the launch is scheduled.

They arrive just as NeoDyne CEO Ernesto Diaz is preparing to launch a rocket containing the satellite. Diaz sends Wild Dog, a former crimeboss that had been defeated and maimed(his right arm has been replaced by a prosthetic mini-gun) by V.S.S.E. in the past in Time Crisis 1, to keep them occupied while he finishes his work. Despite generous amounts of assistance, Dog is defeated and chooses to commit suicide via explosives rather than surrender. Diaz takes Christy hostage and makes his way up to the launch controls. He then throws Christy off the side, but Robert catches her in time. The agents confront Diaz, who initiates the launch sequence before activating the defense system of a prototype satellite to engage them. With precious few seconds on the clock, Keith and Robert destroy the prototype, sending Diaz falling to his death. Without him to finish the sequence, the rocket malfunctions and explodes. Robert and Keith are plucked out of the water by Christie and then extracted by the V.S.S.E. just as the rest of the spaceport goes up in flames.

The PlayStation 2 version of the game featured enhanced graphics and additional cutscenes. It was packaged with the GunCon 2 lightgun peripheral, although it was also compatible with the Original GunCon. When completed enough times, the player could unlock alternative weapons, such as a machine gun or shotgun, and had the option of wielding two lightguns at a time (with combinations of both GunCon 2 and original GunCon possible). There is also a Crisis Mission mode, in which the players have to complete and perform various tasks, including a simulated gun duel against Richard Miller, the lead protagonist of the first Time Crisis game. Extras also included a clay pigeon shooting mode (including a port of Namco's Shoot Away II light gun clay shooting arcade game), and a virtual port of the mechanical arcade game, Quick & Crash.

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The game was met with positive reviews upon release. Edge gave the arcade version the award for 1998 Coin-Op of the Year, above Sega Rally 2 and Get Bass. Edge described Time Crisis II's "separate-screen" two-player mode as "one of the most convincing forms of cooperative play ever seen in the arcade."[17]AllGame gave it a score of four-and-a-half stars out of five.[18]

1.
Namco
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Namco Limited is a Japanese corporation best known as a video game developer and publisher. Following a merger with Bandai in September 2005, the two companies game production assets were spun off into Bandai Namco Games on March 31,2006, Namco was re-established to continue domestic operation of video arcades and amusement parks. Its headquarters are located in Ōta, Tokyo, the companys English name is often officially written as NAMCO. Namco was a front-runner during the age of arcade video games. Pac-Man went on to become the best-selling arcade game in history, Namco was also known for creating successful franchises such as Galaxian, Ridge Racer, Ace Combat, Tekken, as well as the Soul and Tales series. Masaya Nakamura founded the company as Nakamura Manufacturing in 1955, based in Tokyo, the company started out by running childrens rides on the roof of a department store in Yokohama. The business eventually expanded throughout the Tokyo area, Nakamura Manufacturing was reorganized in 1958 and later underwent a name change to Nakamura Manufacturing Company, which would be used to form the acronym NAMCO. In 1970, the company produced a coin-operated mechanical driving simulator called Racer, Atari Japan, the Tokyo-based subsidiary of Atari, was struggling financially by 1974. General manager Hide Nakajima was left in charge of the company after his boss had quit, Nakajima claims that employees had been stealing money and that he had contributed funds from his personal savings in order to pay creditors and stave off bankruptcy. Sega, then a manufacturer of machines, offered to acquire Atari Japan for $50,000. Nakamura put in a bid for $800,000 and shocked others out of competition, the deal was finalized at $500,000 and Bushnell was glad to take it. Debts inherited from Atari Japan would take Nakamura two years to pay off, but the deal had also secured for him a license to distribute Ataris games in Japan for ten years. Nakamura would follow up by opening video arcades featuring Atari games, everyone thought was mad when he paid so much for Atari, but it turned out to be a very wise investment. Nakajima was promoted to president in 1978, and on his recommendation Namco opened a subsidiary, Namco America. The location he chose was across the street from Ataris former headquarters in Sunnyvale, at the time, games were not released in the U. S. under the Namco label. Namco America existed mainly to license Namcos games to companies such as Atari, Galaxian revolutionized the industry as the first video game to use RGB color graphics. It was Pac-Man, however, that would become definitive of Namcos legacy, galaga, a follow-up to Galaxian, was one of the most successful sequels of the era. Dig Dug, Xevious, and Pole Position continued Namcos success in establishing iconic franchises during the Golden Age, during this period, Namco published video games for home consoles and personal computer under the Namcot brand name

2.
Computing platform
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Computing platform means in general sense, where any piece of software is executed. It may be the hardware or the system, even a web browser or other application. The term computing platform can refer to different abstraction levels, including a hardware architecture, an operating system. In total it can be said to be the stage on which programs can run. For example, an OS may be a platform that abstracts the underlying differences in hardware, platforms may also include, Hardware alone, in the case of small embedded systems. Embedded systems can access hardware directly, without an OS, this is referred to as running on bare metal, a browser in the case of web-based software. The browser itself runs on a platform, but this is not relevant to software running within the browser. An application, such as a spreadsheet or word processor, which hosts software written in a scripting language. This can be extended to writing fully-fledged applications with the Microsoft Office suite as a platform, software frameworks that provide ready-made functionality. Cloud computing and Platform as a Service, the social networking sites Twitter and facebook are also considered development platforms. A virtual machine such as the Java virtual machine, applications are compiled into a format similar to machine code, known as bytecode, which is then executed by the VM. A virtualized version of a system, including virtualized hardware, OS, software. These allow, for instance, a typical Windows program to run on what is physically a Mac, some architectures have multiple layers, with each layer acting as a platform to the one above it. In general, a component only has to be adapted to the layer immediately beneath it, however, the JVM, the layer beneath the application, does have to be built separately for each OS

3.
Arcade game
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An arcade game or coin-op is a coin-operated entertainment machine typically installed in public businesses such as restaurants, bars and amusement arcades. Most arcade games are games, pinball machines, electro-mechanical games. While exact dates are debated, the age of arcade video games is usually defined as a period beginning sometime in the late 1970s. The old Midways of 1920s-era amusement parks provided the inspiration and atmosphere for later arcade games, in the 1930s the first coin-operated pinball machines emerged. These early amusement machines differed from their later electronic cousins in that they were made of wood and they lacked plungers or lit-up bonus surfaces on the playing field, and used mechanical instead of electronic scoring-readouts. By around 1977 most pinball machines in production switched to using solid-state electronics both for operation and for scoring, another Sega 1969 release, Missile, a shooter and vehicle-combat simulation, featured electronic sound and a moving film strip to represent the targets on a projection screen. In 1970 Midway released the game in North America as S. A. M. I, in the course of the 1970s, following the release of Pong in 1972, electronic video-games gradually replaced electro-mechanical arcade games. In 1972, Sega released a game called Killer Shark. In 1974, Nintendo released Wild Gunman, a shooter that used full-motion video-projection from 16 mm film to display live-action cowboy opponents on the screen. The 1978 video game Space Invaders, however, dealt a yet more powerful blow to the popularity of electro-mechanical games, in 1971 students at Stanford University set up the Galaxy Game, a coin-operated version of the Spacewar video game. This ranks as the earliest known instance of a video game. Later in the year, Nolan Bushnell created the first mass-manufactured game, Computer Space. In 1972, Atari was formed by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney, Atari essentially created the coin-operated video game industry with the game Pong, the first successful electronic ping pong video game. Pong proved to be popular, but imitators helped keep Atari from dominating the fledgling coin-operated video game market, taitos Space Invaders, in 1978, proved to be the first blockbuster arcade video game. Its success marked the beginning of the age of arcade video games. Space Invaders, Galaxian, Pac-Man, Battlezone, Defender, by 1981, the arcade video game industry was worth $8 billion. By the late 1980s, the video game craze was beginning to fade due to advances in home video game console technology. By 1991, US arcade video game revenues had fallen to $2.1 billion, the pseudo-3D sprite/tile scaling was handled in a similar manner to textures in later texture-mapped polygonal 3D games of the 1990s

4.
PlayStation 2
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The PlayStation 2 is a home video game console that was developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the successor to the PlayStation, and is the installment in the PlayStation lineup of consoles. It was released on March 4,2000 in Japan, October 26,2000 in North America, November 24,2000 in Europe and it competed with Segas Dreamcast, Microsofts Xbox, and Nintendos GameCube in the sixth generation of video game consoles. Announced in 1999, the PlayStation 2 was the first PlayStation console to offer backwards compatibility for its predecessors DualShock controller, the PlayStation 2 is the best-selling video game console of all time, selling over 155 million units, with 150 million confirmed by Sony in 2011. More than 3,874 game titles have been released for the PS2 since launch, Sony later manufactured several smaller, lighter revisions of the console known as Slimline models in 2004 and well on, and in 2006, announced and launched its successor, the PlayStation 3. Sony unveiled the PlayStation 4 console the following month on February 20,2013, Sony announced the PlayStation 2 on March 1,1999. The Dreamcast itself launched very successfully in North America later that year, soon after the Dreamcasts North American launch, Sony unveiled the PlayStation 2 at the Tokyo Game Show on September 20,1999. Sony showed fully playable demos of upcoming PlayStation 2 games including Gran Turismo 2000 and Tekken Tag Tournament – which showed the consoles graphic abilities, the PS2 was launched in March 2000 in Japan, October in North America and November in Europe. Sales of the console, games and accessories pulled in $250 million on the first day, directly after its release, it was difficult to find PS2 units on retailer shelves due to manufacturing delays. Another option was purchasing the console online through websites such as eBay. This allowed the PS2 to tap the large install base established by the PlayStation – another major selling point over the competition, later, Sony added new development kits for game developers and more PS2 units for consumers. The PS2s built-in functionality also expanded its audience beyond the gamer and this made the console a low cost entry into the home theater market. The PS2 remained as the only active sixth generation console for over 6 months, before it would face competition from rivals, Nintendos GameCube and Microsofts Xbox. While the PlayStation 2 theoretically had the weakest specification of the three, it had a start due to its installed base plus strong developer commitment. Sony also countered the Xbox by temporarily securing PlayStation 2 exclusives for highly anticipated games such as the Grand Theft Auto series and Metal Gear Solid 2, Sons of Liberty. Sony cut the price of the console in May 2002 from US$299 to $199 in North America, making it the price as the GameCube. It also planned to cut the price in Japan around that time and it cut the price twice in Japan in 2003. In 2006, Sony cut the cost of the console in anticipation of the release of the PlayStation 3, Sony, unlike Sega with its Dreamcast, originally placed little emphasis on online gaming during its first few years, although that changed upon the launch of the online-capable Xbox

5.
North America
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North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea. North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers, about 16. 5% of the land area. North America is the third largest continent by area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. In 2013, its population was estimated at nearly 565 million people in 23 independent states, or about 7. 5% of the worlds population, North America was reached by its first human populations during the last glacial period, via crossing the Bering land bridge. The so-called Paleo-Indian period is taken to have lasted until about 10,000 years ago, the Classic stage spans roughly the 6th to 13th centuries. The Pre-Columbian era ended with the migrations and the arrival of European settlers during the Age of Discovery. Present-day cultural and ethnic patterns reflect different kind of interactions between European colonists, indigenous peoples, African slaves and their descendants, European influences are strongest in the northern parts of the continent while indigenous and African influences are relatively stronger in the south. Because of the history of colonialism, most North Americans speak English, Spanish or French, the Americas are usually accepted as having been named after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci by the German cartographers Martin Waldseemüller and Matthias Ringmann. Vespucci, who explored South America between 1497 and 1502, was the first European to suggest that the Americas were not the East Indies, but a different landmass previously unknown by Europeans. In 1507, Waldseemüller produced a map, in which he placed the word America on the continent of South America. He explained the rationale for the name in the accompanying book Cosmographiae Introductio, for Waldseemüller, no one should object to the naming of the land after its discoverer. He used the Latinized version of Vespuccis name, but in its feminine form America, following the examples of Europa, Asia and Africa. Later, other mapmakers extended the name America to the continent, In 1538. Some argue that the convention is to use the surname for naming discoveries except in the case of royalty, a minutely explored belief that has been advanced is that America was named for a Spanish sailor bearing the ancient Visigothic name of Amairick. Another is that the name is rooted in a Native American language, the term North America maintains various definitions in accordance with location and context. In Canadian English, North America may be used to refer to the United States, alternatively, usage sometimes includes Greenland and Mexico, as well as offshore islands

6.
Japan
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Japan is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea, the kanji that make up Japans name mean sun origin. 日 can be read as ni and means sun while 本 can be read as hon, or pon, Japan is often referred to by the famous epithet Land of the Rising Sun in reference to its Japanese name. Japan is an archipelago consisting of about 6,852 islands. The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, the country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions. Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost one, the population of 127 million is the worlds tenth largest. Japanese people make up 98. 5% of Japans total population, approximately 9.1 million people live in the city of Tokyo, the capital of Japan. Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period, the first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other regions, mainly China, followed by periods of isolation, from the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal military shoguns who ruled in the name of the Emperor. Japan entered into a period of isolation in the early 17th century. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan is a member of the UN, the OECD, the G7, the G8, the country has the worlds third-largest economy by nominal GDP and the worlds fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. It is also the worlds fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer, although Japan has officially renounced its right to declare war, it maintains a modern military with the worlds eighth-largest military budget, used for self-defense and peacekeeping roles. Japan is a country with a very high standard of living. Its population enjoys the highest life expectancy and the third lowest infant mortality rate in the world, in ancient China, Japan was called Wo 倭. It was mentioned in the third century Chinese historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms in the section for the Wei kingdom, Wa became disliked because it has the connotation of the character 矮, meaning dwarf. The 倭 kanji has been replaced with the homophone Wa, meaning harmony, the Japanese word for Japan is 日本, which is pronounced Nippon or Nihon and literally means the origin of the sun. The earliest record of the name Nihon appears in the Chinese historical records of the Tang dynasty, at the start of the seventh century, a delegation from Japan introduced their country as Nihon

7.
PAL region
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The PAL region is a television publication territory that covers most of Asia, Africa, Europe, South America and Oceania. It is so named because of the PAL television standard used in those regions, as opposed to the NTSC standard traditionally used in Japan. Most video games designated as part of the region will not play on NTSC-U/C or NTSC-J region consoles because of regional lockout, while this is the most common occurrence, some Xbox and Xbox 360 games are region-free encoded, since Microsofts policy is for publishers to decide. Sony has a policy for the PlayStation Portable, but most publishers choose not to encode a region on their UMD games. With the exception of Persona 4 Arena, PlayStation 3 Blu-ray Disc games are region-free, all Nintendo home consoles except for the Nintendo Switch have region locking either by software encoding or physical differences in media and consoles. Australia uses PAL version games only for the Wii, PlayStation 3, as most hand-held consoles use their own proprietary display system, incompatibilities of differing TV systems are not relevant. However, the regions often exist for localisation and distribution purposes. The scope of the PAL region varies with systems and publishers, the following countries and areas are normally included in a PAL region release, Along with other Middle Eastern, African, and European countries. Beginning with the Dreamcast and continuing through the generation of consoles. Games ported to PAL have historically been known for having game speed and this was especially prevalent during previous generations when 2D graphics were used almost exclusively. The gameplay of many games with an emphasis on speed, such as the original Sonic The Hedgehog for the Mega Drive, suffered in their PAL incarnations. Despite the possibility and popularity of 60 Hz PAL games, many games, particularly for the PS. Square Enix have long been criticised by PAL gamers for their poor PAL conversions, final Fantasy X runs in 50 Hz mode only, and 16. 7% slower and bordered that while prevalent in previous generations was considered inexcusable at the time of release. In stark contrast, the Dreamcast was the first system to feature PAL60, the Xbox too featured a system-wide PAL60 option in the Dashboard, with almost every game supporting PAL60. Seventh generation PAL consoles such as the Xbox 360 and Wii also feature system-wide 60 Hz support, nintendos Virtual Console service has been criticized due to PAL games running in 50 Hz only, despite the ability to run in 60 Hz mode. In recent years, few PAL releases have lacked the standard PAL mode and offered 60 Hz only, notably Metroid Prime 2, Echoes and Geist for the Nintendo GameCube, PAL NTSC Advanced Television Systems Committee standards SECAM Regional lockout

8.
Shoot 'em up
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Shoot em up is a subgenre of the shooter genre of video games. In a shoot em up, the character engages in a lone assault, often in a spacecraft or aircraft. There is no consensus as to design elements compose a shoot em up. Some restrict the definition to games featuring spacecraft and certain types of movement, others allow a broader definition including characters on foot. Shoot em ups call for fast reactions and for the player to memorize levels, bullet hell games feature overwhelming numbers of enemy projectiles. The genres origins can be traced back to Spacewar, one of the earliest computer games, developed in 1962 and eventually released in amusement arcades in the early 1970s. However, Tomohiro Nishikado, creator of Space Invaders, is credited with inventing the genre. Space Invaders premiered in Japanese arcades in 1978, shoot em ups were popular throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. In the mid-1990s, shoot em ups became a genre based on design conventions established in the 1980s. A shoot em up, also known as a shmup or STG, is a game in which the protagonist combats a large number of enemies by shooting at them while dodging their fire, the controlling player must rely primarily on reaction times to succeed. Beyond this, critics differ on exactly which design elements constitute a shoot em up, some restrict the genre to games featuring some kind of craft, using fixed or scrolling movement. Others widen the scope to include games featuring such protagonists as robots or humans on foot, as well as including games featuring on-rails, mark Wolf restricts the definition to games featuring multiple antagonists, calling games featuring one-on-one shooting combat games. Shoot em ups are a subgenre of shooter game, in turn a type of action game and these games are usually viewed from a top-down or side-view perspective, and players must use ranged weapons to take action at a distance. The players avatar is typically a vehicle under constant attack, thus, the players goal is to shoot as quickly as possible anything that moves or threatens him. In some games, the character can withstand some damage, in others. The main skills required in shoot em ups are fast reactions, some games feature overwhelming numbers of enemy projectiles and the player has to memorise their patterns to survive. These games belong to one of the video game genres. Large numbers of characters are typically featured

9.
Light gun
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A light gun is a pointing device for computers and a control device for arcade and video games, typically shaped to resemble a pistol. Modern screen-based light guns work by building an optical sensor into the gun, the first device of this type, the light pen, was used on the MIT Whirlwind computer. The first light guns appeared in the 1930s, following the development of light-sensing vacuum tubes and it was not long before the technology began appearing in arcade shooting games, beginning with the Seeburg Ray-O-Lite in 1936. These early light gun games, like laser tag, used small targets onto which a light-sensing tube was mounted. If the beam struck the target, a hit was scored and these games evolved throughout subsequent decades, culminating in Segas Periscope, the companys first successful game released in 1966, which required the player to target cardboard ships. Periscope was an early game, and the first arcade game to cost a quarter per play. Nintendo released the Beam Gun in 1970 and the Laser Clay Shooting System in 1973, followed in 1974 by the arcade game Wild Gunman, in 1975, Sega released the early co-operative light gun shooters Balloon Gun and Bullet Mark. The video game light gun is modeled on a ballistic weapon and is used for targeting objects on a video screen. With force feedback, the gun can also simulate the recoil of the weapon. The first gun for a console was in fact a big rifle, the Magnavox Odysseys Shooting Gallery. Many home Pong systems of the 1970s included a pistol or gun for shooting simple targets on screen, Nintendos NES Zapper for the NES, is the most popular example of the light gun, and Duck Hunt its most popular game. Traditional light guns cannot be used on the newer LCD and plasma screens, there are also light guns for Sega Saturn, Playstation and several other console and arcade systems. Recent light gun video games include Resident Evil, The Umbrella Chronicles, Time Crisis 4, Virtua Cop 3, and The House of the Dead, Overkill. In 2007, Nintendo released the Wii Zapper for the Wii, while it does not contain any traditional light gun technology, the peripheral makes use of the Wii Remotes built-in infrared tracking system to shoot targets that correspond on-screen. Its name is a reference to the classic NES Zapper for the Nintendo Entertainment System, sony have also released attachments that house the PlayStation Move motion controller in the form of a pistol and rifle, the latter named the Sharp Shooter. Namcos GunCon 3 also uses an optical sensor system similar to the Wii Remote. The light gun is named because it uses light as its method of detecting where on screen the user is targeting. The name leads one to believe that the gun itself emits a beam of light, all or part of the screen is painted white in a way that allows the computer to judge where the gun is pointing, based on when the diode detects light

10.
Time Crisis (series)
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Time Crisis is a first-person on-rails light gun shooter series of arcade video games by Namco. The first installment of the series was released in the arcades in 1995, the setting of each Time Crisis revolves around a serious threat to usually one nation. However, some games have involved a threat to either the world or the protagonist, a covert organization, must send in its highly skilled agents to eliminate any security threats. The first Time Crisis had three stages with four areas each, the second and third installments have three stages, each with three areas. The fourth installment adds a prologue for a total of 4 stages each with three areas, in the third and fourth installments, supporters from various organizations come in to assist the V. S. S. E. Agents, sometimes to aid them in their mission, sometimes to protect their own reputations, Crisis Zone has a different plot. It takes place in the United Kingdom and concerns the S. T. F, S attempt to destroy the U. R. D. A. Razing Storm and Time Crisis, Razing Storm, which place in the near-future. The first Time Crisis was released for arcades in 1995 and ported to the PlayStation in 1997 and it was the first game to support the GunCon light gun peripheral. A two-player sequel, titled Time Crisis II, featured two machines linked together, allowing players to each other. Each player dispatches enemies on slightly different routes, creating unique environments to defend themselves on and it was released for the arcades 1998 in and for the PlayStation 2 in 2001. It was the first game to support the GunCon 2 light gun peripheral, the spin-off to this game, Crisis Zone, was also produced. T. F. A follow-up, Time Crisis, Project Titan, was released in 2001 exclusively for the PlayStation and it serves as a side story to the first Time Crisis game. In 2003, Namco released a sequel called Time Crisis 3 for arcades. It granted four different weapons available at the start, the ammo of the latter three had to be recharged during play. The home version featured a new story in which you can use a sniper rifle during certain scenes. A PlayStation 3 version was released in 2007 in the United States and Japan and it was notable for introducing a first-person shooter mode to the series. Time Crisis Strike was released by Namco in January 2009 for iOS and it is a spin-off of Time Crisis 3, with a different story

11.
Guncon
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The Guncon, known as the G-Con in Europe, is a family of gun peripherals designed by Namco for the PlayStation consoles. The original controllers used traditional light gun technology, while newer controllers use LED tracking technology, the first Guncon NPC-103 was bundled with the PlayStation conversion of Time Crisis. A second version of the Guncon, known as the Guncon 2 NPC-106, was bundled with the PlayStation 2 conversion of Time Crisis II, Time Crisis 4 came out for the PlayStation 3 bundled with the Guncon 3 NC-109. In Japan, all three Guncon models were available for sale as a separate accessory outside of a game bundle. Prior to the Guncon, the Konami Justifier was the first light gun peripheral for the PlayStation, with the exception of the North American localization of Elemental Gearbolt and Maximum Force, games that support the Justifier are not compatible with the Guncon and vice versa. The Guncon controller uses the cathode ray timing method to determine where the barrel is aimed at on the screen when the trigger is pulled. It features a button below the barrel on either side of the gun for auxiliary in-game control, such as to take cover, the controller is released in black in Japan, and gray in both Europe and North America. The controller is compatible with some PlayStation 2 Guncon titles, but is not compatible with PlayStation 3 due to its lack of controller ports, many games that support it allow the A and B buttons to be swapped, making it comfortable for both right and left-handed players. Guncon 2 features a body, as well as a more rounded shape when compared with the original Guncon. The side buttons, A and B, have been moved rearward to a position directly above the trigger, two new smaller buttons, SELECT and START, have been added to the left side of the shaft. Prominent additions to this second Guncon model is a D-pad at the back of the gun barrel and these new buttons served to open new gameplay opportunities, such as character movement in Dino Stalker or the ability to use two guns at once in Time Crisis II. Unlike the previous controller, the gun uses a USB connection as opposed to a PlayStation controller port, the controller is released in black in Japan, blue in Europe, and orange in North America. It is not compatible with original PlayStation titles or PlayStation 3 titles, the Guncon 3 utilizes two infrared LEDs as markers, placed on the left and right sides of the screen. An image sensor in the tracks the markers as reference points for determining where the gun is pointing on the screen. As opposed to the Guncon and Guncon 2, which are compatible with CRT-based displays. The Guncon 3 features a sub-grip, mounted underneath the barrel, on the sub-grip is an analog stick and two shoulder buttons, like in a modern gamepad. At the back end of the gun barrel is another analog stick, another two buttons, C1 and C2, are placed along the left side of the barrel. The analog sticks allow the player to play shooting games with manual aiming/firing of the light gun

12.
Sega Dreamcast
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The Dreamcast is a home video game console released by Sega on November 27,1998 in Japan, September 9,1999 in North America, and October 14,1999 in Europe. It was the first in the generation of video game consoles, preceding Sonys PlayStation 2, Nintendos GameCube. The Dreamcast was Segas final home console, marking the end of the companys 18 years in the console market. In contrast to the hardware of the unsuccessful Sega Saturn, the Dreamcast was designed to reduce costs with off-the-shelf components, including a Hitachi SH-4 CPU. Sales did not meet Segas expectations despite several price cuts, after a change in leadership, Sega discontinued the Dreamcast on March 31,2001, withdrawing from the console business and restructuring itself as a third-party publisher. 9.13 million Dreamcast units were sold worldwide, although the Dreamcast had a short lifespan and limited third-party support, reviewers have considered the console ahead of its time. Its library contains many games considered creative and innovative, including Crazy Taxi, Jet Set Radio and Shenmue, the Dreamcast was also the first console to include a built-in modem for Internet support and online play. Released in 1988, the Sega Genesis was Segas entry into the generation of video game consoles. Selling 30.75 million units worldwide, the Genesis was the most successful console Sega ever released, the successor to the Genesis, the Sega Saturn, was released in Japan in 1994. Moreover, Segas early release was undermined by Sonys simultaneous announcement that the PlayStation would retail for US$299—compared to the Saturns initial price of $399. Nintendos long delay in releasing a competing 3D console and the damage done to Segas reputation by poorly supported add-ons for the Genesis allowed Sony to establish a foothold in the market. Losses on the Saturn hardware contributed to Segas financial problems, which saw the companys revenue decline between 1992 and 1995 as part of an industry-wide slowdown, furthermore, Segas focus on the Saturn over the Genesis prevented it from fully capitalizing on the continued strength of the 16-bit market. Due to long-standing disagreements with Sega of Japan, Sega of America CEO Tom Kalinske became less interested in his position. On July 16,1996, Sega announced that Shoichiro Irimajiri had been appointed chairman and CEO of Sega of America, bernie Stolar, a former executive at Sony Computer Entertainment of America, was named Sega of Americas executive vice president in charge of product development and third-party relations. Stolar did not support the Saturn due to his belief that the hardware was poorly designed, after the launch of the Nintendo 64, sales of the Saturn and Segas 32-bit software were sharply reduced. As of August 1997, Sony controlled 47 percent of the market, Nintendo controlled 40 percent. Neither price cuts nor high-profile games were proving helpful to the Saturns success, due to the Saturns poor performance in North America, Sega of America laid off 60 of its 200 employees in the fall of 1997. As a result of the deteriorating financial situation, Nakayama resigned as president of Sega in January 1998 in favor of Irimajiri

13.
Time Crisis
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Time Crisis is a first-person on-rails light gun shooter series of arcade video games by Namco. The first installment of the series was released in the arcades in 1995, the setting of each Time Crisis revolves around a serious threat to usually one nation. However, some games have involved a threat to either the world or the protagonist, a covert organization, must send in its highly skilled agents to eliminate any security threats. The first Time Crisis had three stages with four areas each, the second and third installments have three stages, each with three areas. The fourth installment adds a prologue for a total of 4 stages each with three areas, in the third and fourth installments, supporters from various organizations come in to assist the V. S. S. E. Agents, sometimes to aid them in their mission, sometimes to protect their own reputations, Crisis Zone has a different plot. It takes place in the United Kingdom and concerns the S. T. F, S attempt to destroy the U. R. D. A. Razing Storm and Time Crisis, Razing Storm, which place in the near-future. The first Time Crisis was released for arcades in 1995 and ported to the PlayStation in 1997 and it was the first game to support the GunCon light gun peripheral. A two-player sequel, titled Time Crisis II, featured two machines linked together, allowing players to each other. Each player dispatches enemies on slightly different routes, creating unique environments to defend themselves on and it was released for the arcades 1998 in and for the PlayStation 2 in 2001. It was the first game to support the GunCon 2 light gun peripheral, the spin-off to this game, Crisis Zone, was also produced. T. F. A follow-up, Time Crisis, Project Titan, was released in 2001 exclusively for the PlayStation and it serves as a side story to the first Time Crisis game. In 2003, Namco released a sequel called Time Crisis 3 for arcades. It granted four different weapons available at the start, the ammo of the latter three had to be recharged during play. The home version featured a new story in which you can use a sniper rifle during certain scenes. A PlayStation 3 version was released in 2007 in the United States and Japan and it was notable for introducing a first-person shooter mode to the series. Time Crisis Strike was released by Namco in January 2009 for iOS and it is a spin-off of Time Crisis 3, with a different story

14.
IEEE 1394 interface
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IEEE1394 is an interface standard for a serial bus for high-speed communications and isochronous real-time data transfer. It was developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s by Apple, the 1394 interface is also known by the brand i. LINK, and Lynx. The copper cable it uses in its most common implementation can be up to 4.5 metres long, power is also carried over this cable allowing devices with moderate power requirements to operate without a separate power supply. FireWire is also available in wireless, Cat 5, fiber optic, the 1394 interface is comparable to USB though USB requires a master controller and has greater market share. IEEE1394 replaced parallel SCSI in many applications, because of lower implementation costs, FireWire is Apples name for the IEEE1394 High Speed Serial Bus. IEEE1394 is a bus architecture for high-speed data transfer. FireWire is a bus, meaning that information is transferred one bit at a time. Parallel buses utilize a number of different physical connections, and as such are more costly and typically heavier. IEEE1394 fully supports both isochronous and asynchronous applications, Apple intended FireWire to be a serial replacement for the parallel SCSI bus while providing connectivity for digital audio and video equipment. Apples development began in the late 1980s, later presented to the IEEE, in 2007, IEEE1394 was a composite of four documents, the original IEEE Std. 1394-1995, the IEEE Std. 1394a-2000 amendment, the IEEE Std, 1394b-2002 amendment, and the IEEE Std. 1394c-2006 amendment. On June 12,2008, all these amendments as well as errata and some technical updates were incorporated into a superseding standard, Apple first included FireWire in some of its 1999 Macintosh models, and most Apple Macintosh computers manufactured in the years 2000 through 2011 included FireWire ports. However, in February 2011 Apple introduced the first commercially available computer with Thunderbolt, Apple released its last computers featuring FireWire late 2012. By 2014 Thunderbolt had become a feature across Apples entire line of computers effectively becoming the spiritual successor to FireWire in the Apple ecosystem. This style was added into the 1394a amendment. This port is sometimes labeled S100 or S400 to indicate speed in Mbit/s, the system was commonly used to connect data storage devices and DV cameras, but was also popular in industrial systems for machine vision and professional audio systems. Many users preferred it over the more common USB2.0 for its then greater effective speed, benchmarks show that the sustained data transfer rates are higher for FireWire than for USB2.0, but lower than USB3.0. Results are marked on Apple Mac OS X but more varied on Microsoft Windows, implementation of IEEE1394 is said to require use of 261 issued international patents held by 10 corporations

15.
Time Crisis 3
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Time Crisis 3 is the third installment of the Time Crisis arcade series. It was later ported to the PlayStation 2, only the handgun has unlimited ammunition, though players can shoot yellow-clad soldiers to gain ammunition for their other weapons. This feature was used in the port of Crisis Zone. The game also refines the crisis flash system which life-threatening shots are brighter and this title was later released for the PlayStation 2, together with a side story featuring Alicia Winston as a player, who is only an unplayable supporter in the arcade version of the game. Gameplay for Alicia is, for the most part, the same as the regular campaign, unlike Time Crisis and Time Crisis II, the home console port features plot elements, features, and weapons not found in its arcade counterpart. As with the PlayStation 2 version of Time Crisis II, players can access the Crisis Mission exercise menu through prolonged gameplay. Six years after Time Crisis II, Astigos, the largest island in the Mediterranean nation of Lukano, is invaded by forces from the neighboring Zagorian Federation. Led by dictator General Giorgio Zott, the invaders conquer 80% of Astigos in a matter of weeks despite international protests, meanwhile, the surviving Lukano defenders organize themselves into the Lukano Liberation Force under Daniel Winston. Learning that the Zagorian forces have set up a base in the abandoned Astigos State Observatory, Daniel and his lieutenant Jake Hernandez lead a force to infiltrate. Once inside, however, they are captured by waiting Zagorian troops, a week later, Daniels sister Alicia undertakes a solo mission to infiltrate a Zagorian bunker. Alicia transmits the info to her contact at the V. S. S. E, who in turn gets the agency to dispatch agents Alan Dunaway and Wesley Lambert to destroy the missiles. Posing as fishermen, Alan and Wesley launch an attack on Marano Beach but are cornered into a shipwreck by the Zagorian defenders. Their leader, Air Force Col. Victor Zahn, attacks them in his heavily armed gunship, Alicia manages to steal a jeep and rescue the agents, then helps them to shoot down Zahn. The three make their way to Astigos Town Center, where they are separated in a surprise attack, Wesley and Alan fight their way through town and the forest to reach a supply train heading up to Zotts compound. Meanwhile, Alicia is confronted by Jake, who is revealed to be the traitor who sold out Daniel, after running Jake out of town, Alicia links up with the agents at the trainyard. Randy Garrett, the head of Zotts Assassin Squad, leads them into an ambush, during which he destroys the bridge, causing the train to fall into the river. After finishing off Garrett and his men, Alicia, Wesley, and Alan approach the base, in the ensuing battle, Fang is apparently killed, but Dog once again commits suicide via explosives to evade capture. Zott prepares to execute Daniel in revenge, but Alicia shoots the pistol out of his hand with a sniper rifle, Alan and Wesley chase Zott into the compound while Alicia liberates Daniels men from captivity

16.
Time Crisis 4
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It was initially released as an arcade game in 2006, and was ported in 2007 for PlayStation 3, with the Guncon 3 light gun peripheral and features a new first-person shooter mode. It was later re-released as part of Time Crisis, Razing Storm with support for the PlayStation Move controller, the game opens in California, where intelligence officials from both the U. S. military and the paramilitary V. S. S. E. Organization learn about a top secret weapon targeted for terrorists smuggling, william Rush infiltrates a pier to gather more information, and finds that the enemy has already acquired the insect-like weapons. They escape the airport by helicopter only to find out one of the terrorists behind the weapons trade. Giorgio and Evan shoot the two rear tires of Marcus truck with a rifle and secure it from enemy attack before facing Marcus himself. After killing Marcus, they discover U. S. Army dog tags on the bodies, meaning that they are not terrorists. The terrorists are revealed to be the Biological Weapons Special Operations Unit, as Rush, Giorgio, and Evan invade there from the outside, a couple of Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles or U. C. A. V. s depart the base without warning. Rush decides to lead the Colorado National Guard toward an entrance while Giorgio and Evan try to take care of the UCAVs. They also encounter V. S. S. E. s old enemy Wild Dog in the base who, in addition to his hand gun, gatling gun and RPG, is now armed with a grappling hook. After a long battle, Giorgio and Evan defeat him, ending with Wild Dog detonating himself once again. Meanwhile, Rush encounters and defeats Wild Fang, Wild Dogs younger partner from the previous game, the game was first shown at E32006 prior to its recent final revision arcade release. One major change is the addition of the multi-screen or multi-hiding system, introduced in Time Crisis, unlike Project Titan, which players went on the offensive, players are placed on the defensive. In Project Titan, players had to hide and shoot arrows to switch screens, screen switching has been refined to allow the player to merely point the gun outside the screen to move around. The game also utilizes a new gun control with infrared emitters. Prior to this, all Namco light gun games used gun controllers that relied on cathode ray timing and this delayed the games release given past accuracy issues with IR light guns. The player can choose to customize gun calibration and/or turn the blowback on or off with a pre-game code explained in the cabinet, the game, like its predecessors is available either in a 29 standard twin cabinet or a 52 deluxe twin. On several occasions, the player is equipped with a gun with infinite ammo or a sniper rifle used to shoot the tires on a marauding truck. On multiple occasions, Rush appears onscreen, whether caught in a trap or attacking an enemy as a diversion and it also features a voice navigation system that guides players through different situations

17.
Communications satellite
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Communications satellites are used for television, telephone, radio, internet, and military applications. There are over 2,000 communications satellites in Earth’s orbit, Wireless communication uses electromagnetic waves to carry signals. These waves require line-of-sight, and are thus obstructed by the curvature of the Earth, the purpose of communications satellites is to relay the signal around the curve of the Earth allowing communication between widely separated points. Communications satellites use a range of radio and microwave frequencies. To avoid signal interference, international organizations have regulations for which frequency ranges or bands certain organizations are allowed to use and this allocation of bands minimizes the risk of signal interference. The concept of the communications satellite was first proposed by Arthur C. Clarke, building on work by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and on the 1929 work by Herman Potočnik Das Problem der Befahrung des Weltraums — der Raketen-motor, in October 1945 Clarke published an article titled Extraterrestrial Relays in the British magazine Wireless World. The article described the fundamentals behind the deployment of artificial satellites in geostationary orbits for the purpose of relaying radio signals, thus, Arthur C. Clarke is often quoted as being the inventor of the communications satellite and the term Clarke Belt employed as a description of the orbit. Decades later a project named Communication Moon Relay was a project carried out by the United States Navy. Its objective was to develop a secure and reliable method of communication by using the Moon as a passive reflector. The first artificial Earth satellite was Sputnik 1, put into orbit by the Soviet Union on October 4,1957, it was equipped with an on-board radio-transmitter that worked on two frequencies,20.005 and 40.002 MHz. Sputnik 1 was launched as a step in the exploration of space, while incredibly important it was not placed in orbit for the purpose of sending data from one point on earth to another. And it was the first artificial satellite in the leading to todays satellite communications. The first artificial satellite used solely to further advances in communications was a balloon named Echo 1. Echo 1 was the worlds first artificial communications satellite capable of relaying signals to other points on Earth and it soared 1,600 kilometres above the planet after its Aug.12,1960 launch, yet relied on humanitys oldest flight technology — ballooning. Launched by NASA, Echo 1 was a 30-metre aluminized PET film balloon served as a passive reflector for radio communications. The worlds first inflatable satellite — or satelloon, as they were informally known — helped lay the foundation of todays satellite communications, the idea behind a communications satellite is simple, Send data up into space and beam it back down to another spot on the globe. Echo 1 accomplished this by serving as an enormous mirror,10 stories tall

18.
Metacritic
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Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of media products, music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs, and formerly, books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged, Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc Doyle, and Julie Doyle Roberts. The site provides an excerpt from each review and hyperlinks to its source, a color of Green, Yellow or Red summarizes the critics recommendations and therefore the general appeal of the product to reviewers and, to a lesser extent, the public. It is regarded as the game industrys foremost review aggregator. Metacritics scoring converts each review into a percentage, either mathematically from the mark given, before being averaged, the scores are weighted according to the critics fame, stature, and volume of reviews. Metacritic was launched in July 1999 by Marc Doyle, his sister Julie Doyle Roberts, rotten Tomatoes was already compiling movie reviews, but Doyle, Roberts, and Dietz saw an opportunity to cover a broader range of media. They sold Metacritic to CNET in 2005, CNET and Metacritic are now owned by the CBS Corporation. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal wrote in September 2004, Mr. Doyle,36, is now a product manager at CNET. Speaking of video games, Doyle said, A site like ours helps people cut through. unobjective promotional language and he added that the review process was not taken as seriously when unconnected magazines and websites provided reviews in isolation. In August 2010, the appearance was revamped, reaction from users was overwhelmingly negative. Certain publications are given more significance because of their stature, games Editor Marc Doyle was interviewed by Keith Stuart of The Guardian to get a look behind the metascoring process. Stuart wrote, the phenomenon, namely Metacritic and GameRankings, have become an enormously important element of online games journalism over the past few years. The ranging of metascores is, Metacritic is regarded as the foremost online review site for the video game industry. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal has written that Metacritic influence the sales of games and he explains its influence as coming from the higher cost of buying video games than music or movie tickets. Many executives say that low scores can hurt the sales potential. He claimed that a number of businesses and financial analysts use Metacritic as an early indicator of a games potential sales and, by extension. In 2004, Jason Hall of Warner Bros. began including quality metrics in contracts with partners licensing its movies for games, if a product does not at least achieve a specific score, some deals require the publisher to pay higher royalties. In 2008, Microsoft began using Metacritic averages to de-list underperforming Xbox Live Arcade games and these are the top 10 individual games with the highest scores on the site as of 2 April 2017

19.
AllGame
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AllGame was a commercial database of information about arcade games, video games and console manufacturers. The AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com, All Media Network includes of the original founders of SideReel and Ackrell Capital investor Mike Ackrell. The AllGame section of the site was shut down on December 12,2014, AllMusic AllMovie SideReel All Media Network MobyGames, another online database of video games and developers

20.
Edge (magazine)
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Edge is a multi-format video game magazine published by Future plc in the United Kingdom, which publishes 13 issues of the magazine per year. It is known for its contacts, editorial stance, distinctive anonymous third-person writing style, yearly awards. The magazine was launched in October 1993 by Steve Jarratt, a video games journalist who has launched several other magazines for Future. The artwork for the cover of the magazines 100th issue was provided by Shigeru Miyamoto. The 200th issue was released in March 2009 with 200 different covers, each commemorating a single game,199 variants were in general circulation, only 200 magazines were printed with each cover, sufficient to more than satisfy Edges circulation of 28,898. In October 2003, the then-editor of Edge, João Diniz-Sanches, left the magazine along with deputy editor David McCarthy, after the walkout, the editorship of Edge passed back to Tony Mott, who had been editor prior to Diniz-Sanches. The only team member to remain was Margaret Robertson, who in 2006 replaced Mott as editor, in May 2007, Robertson stepped down as editor and was replaced by Tony Mott, taking over as editor for the third time. Between 1995 and 2002, some of the content from the UK edition of Edge was published in the United States as Next Generation, in July 2008, the whole site was rebranded under the Edge title, as that was the senior of the two brands. Edge has been redesigned three times since the magazine launched, the first redesign occurred in 1999, the second in 2004, and the third in 2011. The first redesign altered the dimensions to be wider than the original shape. The latest design changes the physical dimensions for the second time. Each issue includes a Making-of article on a game, usually including an interview with one of the original developers. Issue 143 introduced the Time Extend series of retrospective articles, like the making-of series, each focuses on a single game and, with the benefit of hindsight, gives an in-depth examination of its most interesting or innovative attributes. Since 2014, some contributed features are credited with a byline, the magazines regular columnists have been consistently credited throughout the magazines run. The current columnists are James Leach, Clint Hocking and Tadhg Kelly, in addition, several columnists appear toward the beginning of the magazine to talk about the game industry as a whole, rather than focusing on specific game design topics. They are Trigger Happy author Steven Poole, Leigh Alexander, and Brian Howe, previous columnists have included Paul Rose, Toshihiro Nagoshi of Segas Amusement Vision, author Tim Guest, NGai Croal, and game developer Jeff Minter. In addition, numerous columns were published anonymously under the pseudonym RedEye, James Hutchinsons comic strip Crashlander was featured in Edge between issues 143 and 193. Edge scores games on a ten-point scale, from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 10, and so on, a tongue-in-cheek reference to people who read too much into review scores

21.
Electronic Gaming Monthly
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Electronic Gaming Monthly was a monthly American video game magazine. It offered video game news, coverage of events, interviews with gaming figureheads, editorial content. The magazine was founded in 1988 as U. S. National Video Game Teams Electronic Gaming Monthly under Sendai Publications, in 1994, EGM spun off EGM², which focused on expanded cheats and tricks. It eventually became Expert Gamer and finally the defunct GameNOW, after 83 issues, EGM switched from Sendai Publishing to Ziff Davis publisher. Until January 2009, EGM only covered gaming on console hardware and software, in 2002, the magazines subscription increased by more than 25 percent. The magazine was discontinued by Ziff Davis in January 2009, following the sale of 1UP. com to UGO Networks, the magazines February 2009 issue was already completed, but was not published. In May 2009, EGM founder Steve Harris purchased the magazine, the magazine was relaunched in April 2010 by Harris new company EGM Media, LLC, widening its coverage to the PC and mobile gaming markets. k. a. Writers who also served stints as editor-in chief include Ed Semrad, Joe Funk, John Davison, the magazine is known for making April Fools jokes. Its April 1992 issue was the source of the Sheng Long hoax in Street Fighter II, games are reviewed by one member, except for the big games, which were reviewed by one of a pool of editors known as The Review Crew. They each assign a grade to the game and write a few paragraphs about their opinion of the game, the magazine makes a strong stance that a grade of C is average. The current letter grade system replaced a long-standing 0–10 scale in the April 2008 issue. In that system, Silver went to a game with a rating from 8 to 9, Gold to a game reviewed at 9 to 10. Until 1998, as a matter of policy, the reviewers rarely gave scores of 10. That policy changed when the reviewers gave Metal Gear Solid four 10 ratings in 1998, in addition, they gave the game with the highest average score for that issue a Game of the Month award. In 2002, EGM has also begun giving games that earned unanimously bad scores a Shame of the Month award, as there is not always such a game in each issue, this award is only given out when a game qualifies. Originally, a team of four editors reviewed all the games and this process was eventually dropped in favor of a system that added more reviewers to the staff so that no one person reviewed all the games for the month. Though the scores ranged from 0–10 on the numerical scale, the score of zero was almost never utilized, with notable exceptions being Mortal Kombat Advance, The Guy Game. EGM en Español was released in Mexico in November 2002 and it was published by Editorial Televisa and is edited by a different staff

22.
Eurogamer
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Eurogamer is a website and YouTube channel focused on video game news, reviews and other features. It is operated by Gamer Network Ltd. with headquarters in Brighton, East Sussex, the site primarily caters to a UK/Ireland audience, Gamer Network operates other sites using the Eurogamer brand that caters to other European countries. Most of its reviews are of European or PAL releases of the games, eurogamers current editor is Oli Welsh, who took over the role from Tom Bramwell in September 2014. The editor prior to Bramwell was Kristan Reed. biz editor Rob Fahey, Eurogamer founder Rupert Loman was interviewed in February 2007 by MCV magazine. He was also featured in the Sunday Telegraph on 19 August 2007, at the Games Media Awards, Eurogamer won the categories of Best Games Website – News, and Best Games Website – Reviews & Features in 2007. Deputy Editor Tom Bramwell won Best Writer in Specialist Digital Media, News editor Wesley Yin-Poole won Best News Writer in 2014. Rupert Loman was winner of Entrepreneur of the Year 2003 at the Sussex Business Awards and he was also selected as one of 30 Young Guns by Growing Business magazine in October 2008. At the Leipzig Games Convention in August 2006, Eurogamer launched their first non-English language site of the franchise, in April 2011, Eurogamer Netherlands and Eurogamer Belgium merged to form Eurogamer Benelux. Eurogamer Romania closed down in 2011, in November 2012, Eurogamer launched their first non-European site, Brasilgamer, and 2012–2013 also saw the launch of USgamer, Gamer Networks US flagship multi-format games website. Eurogamer has a site, GamesIndustry. biz, which reports on the global video games industry. In May 2008 the site launched the GamesIndustry. biz Network for industry professionals, Eurogamer has hosted the Digital Foundry channel since 2007. Digital Foundry evaluates video game hardware and software from a technical level, often comparing performances of the same game across different platforms

23.
Game Informer
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Game Informer is an American monthly video game magazine featuring articles, news, strategy, and reviews of video games and associated consoles. It debuted in August 1991 when FuncoLand started publishing a six-page magazine, the publication is owned and published by GameStop Corp. the parent company of the video game retailer of the same name, who bought FuncoLand in 2000. Due to this, an amount of promotion is done in-store, which has been attributed to the success of the magazine. Game Informer has since become an important part of GameStops customer loyalty program, Power Up Rewards, Game Informer debuted in August 1991 as a six-page magazine. It was published two months until November 1994, when the magazine began to be released monthly. Since 2001 Game Informer has been published by Cathy Preston, who has working as part of the production team since 2000. It was under her that the publication became a part of GameStops customer loyalty program. In 2010, Game Informer became the 5th largest magazine in the US with 5 million copies sold, ahead of popular publications like Times, Sports Illustrated, by 2011, Game Informer had become the 3rd largest magazine in the US topping 8 million copies circulated. However, in 2014 it had fallen to 4th place with 6.9 million copies sold, recent figures still place the magazine at 4th place with over 7 million copies sold. The success of Game Informer has been attributed to its relationship with publishers. In each years April edition, Game Informer includes Game Infarcer, on the cover is Worlds #1 Pretend Magazine where it would ordinarily say Worlds #1 Video Game Magazine, and the word Parody is written on the bottom of each page. Game Infarcer articles are accredited to the fictional editor-in-chief Darth Clark, the heated responses to parody articles are often featured in later Game Informer issues. Game Informer has included four Sacred Cow Barbecues, similar in style to a celebrity roast, the occasion is meant to knock some of gamings most revered icons off their high and mighty pedestals. The first Sacred Cow Barbecues featured in issue 158, other issues featuring Sacred Cow Barbecues are,183,211, and 261. Sacred Cow Barbecues articles are considered controversial among those gamers who arent amused with their games being mocked, Game Informer Online was originally launched in August 1996, and featured daily news updates as well as articles. Justin Leeper and Matthew Kato were hired on in November 1999 as full-time web editors, as part of the GameStop purchase of the magazine, the site was closed around January 2001. Both Leeper and Kato were eventually placed on the staff of the magazine. GI Online was revived in September 2003, with a redesign and many additional features, such as a review database, frequent news updates

24.
GamePro
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GamePro was an American multiplatform video game magazine media company that published online and print content covering the video game industry, video game hardware and video game software. The magazine featured content on various game consoles, PC computers. Gamepro Media properties included GamePro magazine and their website, the company was also a part subsidiary of the privately held International Data Group, a media, events and research technology group. Originally published in 1989, GamePro magazine provided feature articles, news, previews and reviews on various games, video game hardware. The magazine was published monthly with October 2011 being its last issue, gamePros February 2010 issue introduced a redesigned layout and a new editorial direction focused on the people and culture of its gaming. GamePro. com was launched in 1998. Updated daily, the content included feature articles, news, previews, reviews, screenshots and videos covering video games, video game hardware. The website also included content such as forums, reviews. In January 2010, the website was redesigned to reflect the new editorial changes being made in the print magazine. The website was based at Gamepros headquarters in San Francisco from 1998–2002 and then in Oakland, Gamepro. com also had international variants that have now outlasted their parent publication in countries such as Germany, and France. Gamepro was first established in Redwood City, California in late 1988 by Patrick Ferrell, his sister-in-law Leeanne McDermott, and the husband-wife design team of Michael and Lynne Kavish. The later addition of John Rousseau as publisher and editor-in-chief Wes Nihei, as well as renowned artist Francis Mao, established Gamepro as a large, profitable magazine worldwide publication. Francis Mao, acting in his role as art director for the nascent GamePro, over the years, the Gamepro offices have moved from Redwood City to San Mateo to San Francisco and lastly Oakland, their current and latest location. In 1993, the company was renamed from Gamepro Inc. to Infotainment World in reflection to its growing, the magazine was known for its editors using comic book-like avatars and monikers when reviewing games. As of January 2004, however, Gamepro has ceased to use the due to a change in the overall design. Meanwhile, editorial voices carry over to the redesigned and highly active community on its online sister publication. Gamepro was also most widely famous for its ProTips, small pieces of gameplay tips and it also features a special corner section known as Code Vault, where secret codes are all posted. These particular features have since gradually vanished, Code Vault was also published in print format and sold as a quarterly cheats and strategy magazine on newsstands

25.
Game Revolution
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Game Revolution or GR is a gaming website created in 1996. Based in Berkeley, California, the site includes reviews, previews, a gaming area, cheats, and a merchandise store, as well as webcomics, screenshots. Their features pages include articles satirizing Jack Thompson, E³, the surrounding the next-generation consoles. Cameo writing appearances include Brian Clevinger of 8-Bit Theatre and Scott Ramsoomair of VG Cats, the website has also participated in marketing campaigns for video games, including Gauntlet, Seven Sorrows. To date, it is one of the oldest remaining video game review, net Revolution, Inc. a California corporation was founded in April 1996 by Duke Ferris as a holding company and as publisher of the Game Revolution website. Ferris served as president of the company until it was acquired in 2005 stock purchase by Bolt Media, founded in 1996, GameRevolution claims hundreds of thousands of daily visitors to its site. The staff of Game Revolution are annual judges at the Electronic Entertainment Expo, Duke Ferris is a returning Judge for the 2010 show. Perhaps the most influential year for Game Revolution at E3 was in 2000 and they also bestowed Black & White the Best of E3 award. Following the bankruptcy of Bolt Media, Inc and it has since been integrated as part of the CraveOnline community while continuing to stand alone as a popular site. The purchase was announced February 25,2008, the feature section commonly includes articles about important gaming events as the Nintendo Summit and other developers personal and public congregations and displays. For a number of years it has contained the GR Awards for Best. There are also a number of bizarre and unique articles describing phenomena in the community, or simply. Sometime in August 2005, Jack Thompson contacted the Lou Kerner of Game Revolution, Kerner complied and had the offending icon removed immediately. However, Thompson saw the removal as an admission of guilt, however, no such action was taken. Duke Ferris, another employee of the site, wrote an article on the matter, to drive home this point, he even chose to present a primitively drawn image which had Thompson being devoured by a crocodile, and then challenged Thompson to go ahead and have him arrested. It is unknown if Thompson responded to the article

26.
GameSpot
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GameSpot is a video gaming website that provides news, reviews, previews, downloads, and other information on video games. The site was launched on May 1,1996, created by Pete Deemer, Vince Broady and it was purchased by ZDNet, a brand which was later purchased by CNET Networks. CBS Interactive, which purchased CNET Networks in 2008, is the current owner of GameSpot, in addition to the information produced by GameSpot staff, the site also allows users to write their own reviews, blogs, and post on the sites forums. In 2004, GameSpot won Best Gaming Website as chosen by the viewers in Spike TVs second Video Game Award Show, the domain gamespot. com attracted at least 60 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete. com study. GameSpot was founded by Pete Deemer, Vince Broady and Jon Epstein in San Francisco, CA, initially, GameSpot focused exclusively on PC games. Its sister site, VideoGameSpot. com, was launched in December 1996 to cover console games, in 1997, VideoGameSpot. com became VideoGames. com for a short period, and by 1998, the PC and console sections were united at GameSpot. com. On October 3,2005, GameSpot adopted a new design similar to that of TV. com, a new layout change was adopted on October 2013. GameSpot UK was started in October 1997 and operated until mid-2002, during this period, GameSpot UK won the 1999 PPAi award for best website, and was short listed in 2001. Following the purchase of ZDNet by CNET, GameSpot UK was merged with the main US site, on April 24,2006, GameSpot UK was relaunched. In a similar fashion, GameSpot AU existed on a scale in the late 1990s with Australian-produced reviews. When a local version of the main CNET portal, CNET. com. au was launched in 2003, the site was fully re-launched mid-2006, with a specialized forum, local reviews, special features, local pricings in A$, Australian release dates, and more local news. GameSpot Japan in its current form launched in 2007 and it provides Japanese video game industry news, previews, reviews, features, and videos as well as translated articles from the other GameSpot sites. Jeff Gerstmann, Editorial Director of the site, was fired on November 28,2007, Gerstmann had previously given Kane & Lynch a fair or undesirable rating along with critique. Both GameSpot and parent company CNET stated that his dismissal was unrelated to the review, a month after Gerstmanns termination, freelance reviewer Frank Provo left GameSpot after eight years stating that I believe CNET management let Jeff go for all the wrong reasons. I believe CNET intends to soften the tone and push for higher scores to make advertisers happy. GameSpot staffers Alex Navarro, Ryan Davis, Brad Shoemaker, Davis co-founded Gerstmanns subsequent project, Giant Bomb, and was later joined by Shoemaker and Caravella. Navarro later returned to Giant Bomb, where he works as a Senior Editor. On March 15,2012, it was announced that CBS Interactive, as part of the deal, the non-disparagement agreement between Gerstmann and CNET was nullified, allowing him to finally speak publicly about his termination over four years prior

27.
GameSpy
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GameSpy was a provider of online multiplayer and matchmaking middleware for video games. com. GameSpy merged with IGN in 2004, by 2014, its services had used by over 800 video game publishers and developers since its launch. In August 2012, the GameSpy Industries division was acquired by video game developer Glu Mobile. IGN retained ownership of the GameSpy. com website, in February 2013, IGNs new owner, Ziff Davis, shut down IGNs secondary sites, including GameSpys network. This was followed by the announcement in April 2014 that GameSpys service platform would be shut down on May 31,2014, Mark Surfas saw the need for hosting and distribution of these mods and created PlanetQuake, a Quake-related hosting and news site. The massive success of mods catapulted PlanetQuake to huge traffic and a position in the burgeoning game website scene. Quake also marked the beginning of the Internet multiplayer real-time action game scene, however, finding a Quake server on the Internet proved difficult, as players could only share IP addresses of known servers between themselves or post them on websites. To solve this problem, a team of three programmers formed Spy Software and created QSpy and this allowed the listing and searching of Quake servers available across the Internet. Surfas licensed QSpy and became the distributor and marketer while retaining the original programming team. QSpy became QuakeSpy and went on to be bundled with ids QuakeWorld update - an unprecedented move by a top tier developer, with the release of the Quake Engine-based game Hexen II, QuakeSpy added this game to its capabilities and was renamed GameSpy3D. In 1997 Mark Surfas licensed GameSpy 3D from Spy Software, in 1999, GameSpy received angel investment funding from entrepreneur David Berkus. The company released MP3Spy. com, a software browser allowing people to browse and connect to online radio feeds, the expanding of the companys websites included the games portal, GameSpy. It also included platform-specific sites, but these were consolidated into GameSpy. com, forumPlanet and FilePlanet were services offered by GameSpy, and were not part of the Planet Network. In 2000, GameSpy received additional investment funding from the Ziff Davis publishing division ZDNet. com and from Guillemot Corporation, GameSpy shut down its RadioSpy division, backing away from the online music market which was dominated by peer-to-peer applications such as Napster and Gnutella. In 2001, GameSpys corporate technology business grew to include software development kits and middleware for video game consoles, such as Sonys PlayStation 2, Segas Dreamcast and Microsofts Xbox. In March 2004, IGN and GameSpy Industries merged, and was known as IGN/GameSpy before formalizing their corporate name as IGN Entertainment. GameSpy Arcade was the companys flagship matchmaking software, allowing users to servers for different online video games. This software rivaled the other major voice chat software Ventrilo and Teamspeak, the companys Powered by GameSpy technology enabled online functionality in over 300 PC and console games

28.
IGN
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The website was the brainchild of media entrepreneur Chris Anderson and launched on September 29,1996. It focuses on games, films, television, comics, technology, the company is located in San Franciscos SOMA district in California, United States. Originally a network of websites, IGN is now distributed on mobile platforms, console programs on the Xbox and PlayStation, FireTV, Roku, and via YouTube, Twitch, Hulu. IGN was sold to publishing company Ziff Davis in February 2013 and now operates as a J2 Global subsidiary. com, PSXPower, Saturnworld, Next-Generation. com and Ultra Game Players Online. Imagine expanded on its owned-and-operated websites by creating a network that included a number of independent fansites such as PSX Nation. com, Sega-Saturn. com, Game Sages. In 1998, the network launched a new homepage that consolidated the individual sites as system channels under the IGN brand, the homepage exposed content from more than 30 different channels. Next-Generation and Ultra Game Players Online were not part of this consolidation, dissolved with the cancellation of the magazine, and Next-Generation was put on hold when Imagine decided to concentrate on launching the short-lived Daily Radar brand. In February 1999, Imagine Media incorporated a spin-off that included IGN and its channels as Affiliation Networks. In September, the newly spun-out standalone internet media company, changed its name to Snowball. com, at the same time, small entertainment website The Den merged into IGN and added non-gaming content to the growing network. Snowball held an IPO in 2000, but shed most of its properties during the dot-com bubble. In June 2005, IGN reported having 24,000,000 unique visitors per month, with 4.8 million registered users through all departments of the site, IGN is ranked among the top 200 most-visited websites according to Alexa. In September 2005, IGN was acquired by Rupert Murdochs multi-media business empire, News Corporation, IGN celebrated its 10th anniversary on January 12,2008. IGN was headquartered in the Marina Point Parkway office park in Brisbane, California, on May 25,2011, IGN sold its Direct2Drive division to Gamefly for an undisclosed amount. In 2011, IGN Entertainment acquired its rival UGO Entertainment from Hearst Corporation, ultimately, News Corp. planned to spin off IGN Entertainment as a publicly traded company, continuing a string of divestitures for digital properties it had previously acquired. Financial details regarding the purchase were not revealed, prior to its acquisition by UGO, 1UP. com had previously been owned by Ziff Davis. Soon after the acquisition, IGN announced that it would be laying off staff and closing GameSpy, 1UP. com, the role-playing video game interest website Vault Network was acquired by IGN in 1999. GameStats, a review website, was founded by IGN in 2004. GameStats includes a GPM rating system incorporates an average press score and average gamer score

29.
Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine
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Official U. S. PlayStation Magazine is a now-defunct monthly video game magazine, published by Ziff Davis Media. It was a publication of Electronic Gaming Monthly. The magazine focused exclusively on PlayStation hardware, software, and culture, covering the original PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, perhaps the most famous aspect of the magazine was the inclusion each month of a disc that contained playable demos and videos of PlayStation games. The magazine was produced for ten years, from October 1997 to the final issue in January 2007. Beginning with issue one, each came with a disc containing playable PlayStation game demos. Later, interviews, industry event coverage, and video walkthroughs of games would also be included on the discs, beginning with issue 49, the magazine came with a PlayStation 2 demo disc, though for a time it would still be alternated with original PlayStation demo discs. Issues 50,52, and 54 were the last issues to include discs for the original PlayStation. All of the discs were developed by LifeLike Productions, Inc. OPM had released one PlayStation Portable demo, Killzone Liberation and it was available only with the purchase of retail copies rather than subscription issues. The magazine was discontinued before making the transition to PlayStation 3 demo discs. Similar international editions of the magazine exist in Sweden, Finland, the United Kingdom, the Belgian edition is also published in the Netherlands. The Australian edition was published by Next Media bi-monthly. APC published the magazine after issue 18 and it is currently published by Derwent Howard and is edited by Narayan Pattison

30.
Maxim (magazine)
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Maxim has a circulation of about 9 million readers each month. Maxim Digital reaches more than 4 million unique viewers each month, Maxim magazine publishes 16 editions, sold in 75 countries worldwide. Maxim has expanded into other countries, including Australia. It contains content not included in the print version and focuses on the general topics, along with exclusive sections such as the Girls of Maxim galleries. Maxim Video contains video clips of interviews, music videos, photo shoots, on February 5,2005, Maxim Radio, featuring male-oriented talk programming, debuted on Sirius Satellite Radio. Following the Sirius-XM merger in late 2008, the Maxim brand was dropped, the land was sold to MGM Mirage. As of April 23,2009 Dennis Publishing has announced that it no longer continue producing a print edition of Maxim in the UK. In July 2009, Maxim partnered with the UFC for the first-ever Maxim UFC Octagon Girl Search at the UFC Fan Expo,40 girls participated in the contest, and the winner was Natasha Wicks. Quadrangle Group gave up on its investment in Alpha Media Group in August 2009, in 2013, Alpha announced the sale of Maxim to the newly created Darden Media Group, but Darden was unable to raise the money. Calvin Darden, Jr. was later charged with fraud relating to the transaction. Between 2010 and 2012, Maxim eliminated two issues, going from 12 issues a year to 10, and decreased its circulation numbers by 20%, maximum Warrior debuted in 2011, as an online reality competition that tests ten of Americas most elite military operators in ten military-inspired challenges. The videos are available online and on the Maxim app on Xbox Live, several episodes feature Dakota Meyer, Maxims Military Advisor. Maximum Warrior is produced by Grand Street Media, on February 27,2014, entrepreneur Sardar Biglari, the founder of Biglari Holdings and Biglari Capital, purchased Maxim. We plan to build the business on multiple dimensions, he said at the time, during Lanphears tenure, the September 2015 issue featured actor Idris Elba on its cover, marking the first time that the magazine didnt have a woman on the cover. Lanphear left the magazine in November 2015, at one point last year, the staffer said, he decided to throw out a nearly-complete version of the December issue in order to completely redesign the magazine. On January 13,2016 Gilles Bensimon joined Biglari as a creative director. What drew me to Maxim was Sardars vision for the brand, the Centre described Maxim as consisting of sexist bravado and racist imagery. In 2006, Alok Jha of The Guardian criticized Maxim for encouraging excessive alcohol consumption, in June 2007, Israeli diplomat David Saranga invited Maxim to the country

31.
Sega Rally 2
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Sega Rally 2 is an arcade racing game developed by Sega AM5 for the Model 3 arcade hardware. It is the sequel to 1994s Sega Rally Championship, the Sega Dreamcast version was released in Europe as a launch title on October 14,1999, and then in North America on November 27,1999. A PC version was released same year. Sega Rally 2 added new vehicles, new environment settings for the circuits, an updated version of the original games Desert track was also included. The Dreamcast and PC versions of the game included a 10-year championship mode. S. IGN scored the game 9 out of 10, praising both the gameplay and graphics while noting issues with the mutliplayer. GameSpot gave the game 8.8 out of 10, favourably citing the games replayability but disliking the issues surrounding the changes in framerate. Download PC demo at Sega. com Sega Rally 2 Manual

32.
Sega Bass Fishing
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Sega Bass Fishing, also known as Get Bass, is an arcade fishing video game developed in 1997 by Sega for the Sega Model 3 hardware. The game has since been ported to the Dreamcast, Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Bass Fishing is an arcade fishing game where players attempt to hook and reel in fish with different lures. Consisting of four stages at different times of the day, the game requires the player to catch a certain weight of fish within a limit in order to move onto the next stage. The final stage only for one fish to be captured. Fish are measured under four classes, Small One, Average, Big One. The game was a title on the Sega Dreamcast, and was compatible with the Sega Fishing Controller for more realistic play. The game struggled with critics due to its narrow nature, however, it did showcase the amazing graphical capabilities of the Sega Dreamcast with the fish moving fluidly to create a smooth fishing experience. It sold well and became one of the few Sega All Stars titles, the Sega Dreamcast port included a practice mode and a tournament mode, where players could unlock more lures. In addition to the games four stages, four new stages were also included. Each stage could now be played with different fishing conditions, such as the season, weather, the PC version of the game released in 2001 was based on the Dreamcast version. An enhanced port of the game was released for the Wii on February 26,2008, the game utilizes the motion controls of the Wii Remote and optionally the Nunchuck to replicate the Sega Fishing Controller. The games graphics have been enhanced and includes the modes, features, stages and unlockables found in the Dreamcast version, the Wii version also introduces seven more stages, bringing the number to fifteen. Arcade mode now consists of courses, with the final course unlocking the original four arcade stages, nature Trip mode is also introduced, allowing players to practice without the background music playing. Sega Bass Fishing received mostly positive reviews upon original release, the Xbox 360 and Wii ports received mediocre reviews. A sequel, Sega Bass Fishing 2 was released in 2001, the following year, Sega Bass Fishing Duel was released for the PlayStation 2, bringing multiplayer to the series. Sega Marine Fishing Sega Bass Fishing at MobyGames

33.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database

34.
MobyGames
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MobyGames is a commercial website which catalogs video games both past and present. As of October 2016, this includes over 200 gaming platforms and over 114,000 games, the site is supported by banner ads and by users paying to become patrons. The MobyGames database contains information on games and the people. Some individual developer profiles have biographical information, content is added on a volunteer crowdsourced basis, with all items tracked to a non-anonymous user account. The most commonly used sources are game packaging and manual or the game itself, registered users can rate and review any game entry, and the scores are aggregated into a single value. Users can create game have lists and want lists, which may be made public. This can generate another list of available for trade with other users. The site has an integrated forum, each listed game can have its own subforum. MobyGames was founded on March 1,1999, by Jim Leonard, Brian Hirt, Leonard had the idea of sharing information about electronic games with a larger audience. The database began with entries for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows games, on its second birthday, MobyGames started supporting other platforms, initially the leading consoles of the time such as the PlayStation, with older systems added later. MobyGames was nominated for a Webby Award for Best Games-Related Website by the International Academy of Digital Arts, in mid-2010, MobyGames was sold by its founders to GameFly for an undisclosed amount. As this was announced to the community post factum, a few major contributors left in protest. On December 18,2013, MobyGames was acquired by Jeremiah Freyholtz, owner of Blue Flame Labs, upon assuming control of the site, Blue Flame Labs reverted MobyGames interface to its pre-overhaul look and feel. Support for arcade coin-operated games was added in January 2014

35.
Bandai Namco Entertainment
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Bandai Namco Entertainment Inc. is an arcade, mobile and home video game publisher, based in Japan. The company also publishes video, music and other entertainment products related to its video game IPs and it is the product of a merger between the video game development divisions of Bandai and Namco. Originally referred to in the West as Namco Bandai Games, the company was renamed as Bandai Namco Games in January 2014. In December 2014, Bandai Namco Holdings announced that it would be changing its gaming division name from Bandai Namco Games to Bandai Namco Entertainment and it is the core company of Bandai Namco Groups Content Strategic Business Unit. In addition to its core operations in Japan, Bandai Namco Games publishes content worldwide through different entities. The company has its headquarters in Shinagawa, Tokyo, in early 2005, Namco Ltd. and Bandai Co. Ltd. announced plans to combine their operations. The merger took effect on September 29 of that same year, on March 31,2006, the video games division of Bandai was merged with Namco and renamed Namco Bandai Games. On January 2,2006, Namco Hometek and Bandai Games were merged and renamed, in the United States, on April 1,2008, Banprestos video game operations were absorbed by Namco Bandai Games. On April 1,2009, Bandai Networks, Namco Bandais mobile phone business, was dissolved and absorbed into Namco Bandai Games. In 2010, Namco Bandai Games entered the Guinness World Records for being the company released the most TV commercials for the same product. They created 100 versions of the ad as the game consists of 100 chapters, in early 2011, Namco Networks was absorbed to Namco Bandai Games America, effectively consolidating Namco Bandais American console, handheld and mobile video game development operations. On April 2,2012, Namco Bandai Games spun off its development operations into a new company called Namco Bandai Studios, the new company was spurred by Namco Bandais interest in faster development times and tighter cohesion between disparate development teams. It will comprise approximately 1,000 employees, who are part of Namco Bandai. In March 2013, Namco Bandai Games established two new game studios, the first, Namco Bandai Studios Singapore, will be Namco Bandais leading development center in Asia and develop game content for the Asia Pacific. On January 25,2014, Namco Bandai Games and Namco Bandai Studios announced that the companies would be known as Bandai Namco Games and Bandai Namco Studios worldwide, the change is intended to unify the brand internationally in order to increase the value and appeal of the name. In December 2014, the company announced in a release that the full company name will be changed to Bandai Namco Entertainment on April 1,2015. Bandai Namco Entertainment, plays the role of expanding the content business, both companies cooperate to provide products and services around the world. However, Bandai Namco Entertainment spun off its video games and related entertainment development to Bandai Namco Studios in April 2012, in addition to its core publisher operations in Japan, Bandai Namco Entertainment publishes content worldwide through different entities

36.
Crisis Zone
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Crisis Zone is a spin-off of the popular Time Crisis arcade shooters, released in 29 March 1999 in the arcades. In 2000, the Garland Corporation opens a new complex known as Garland Square on the outskirts of London, full of modern amenities, it is considered the future of urban living. A day before its opening, however, the entire complex is taken over by the United Resistance Defense Army. The terrorists have taken no hostages and made no demands upon takeover, making their way down to the control room, five kilometres below the complex, McGarren and his men defeat Lynchs troops before taking out the ringleader himself. McGarren shuts down and secures the nuclear reactor seconds before it melts down, after the S. T. F evacuate and enter a nearby lift, the control room explodes. With STF Director Grant Kesslers daughter Melissa as a hostage, Hunter demands that the surviving URDA members be released from custody in return for Melissas life, McGarren and Squad 1 are sent to rescue her. They fight their way through Grassmarket Street, defeating an experimental defense droid called the A-0940 in the process and they then storm the Belforte Hotel, where Melissa is held on the rooftop swimming pool. There, they are confronted by Hunter and his airborne attack squad, declaring his intent for revenge, Hunter engages and loses to Squad 1. He then attempts escape in a modified, heavily armed speedboat, McGarren and his men then take Melissa to safety, having ended the URDAs terror once and for all. In Crisis Zone, the controls the elite anti-terrorist Special Tactics Force leader. The game uses the same system to reload and hide, however, the player uses a machine gun, a customized Steyr Mannlicher TMP with a sight laser. Players take cover behind a portable ballistic shield that is strapped to the left arm. The crisis flash is replaced with a target icon to remind players to hide from a threatening shot. Crisis Zone is the first Time Crisis game to date to allow the player to select between three levels to play in any order, upon completion of all three of them, the player can then play the final level to beat the game. As with the PlayStation 2 version of Time Crisis II and Time Crisis 3, the US version of the PS2 remake is called Time Crisis, Crisis Zone. The 2004 remake received average reviews according to the aggregation website Metacritic. Official Japanese Page Time Crisis, Crisis Zone at MobyGames

37.
Time Crisis: Project Titan
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Time Crisis, Project Titan is a light gun shoot em up video game for developed by Flying Tiger Entertainment and published by Namco for the PlayStation in 2001. It is a spin-off of Namcos Time Crisis series, serving as a sequel to the PlayStation port of the original Time Crisis. Project Titan features the gameplay as the other Time Crisis games. It also retains the signature foot pedal, players by default are in hiding position. They are shielded from taking fire, but they fire back. In order to play, players must step on the pedal. Stepping off the pad also allows the player to reload the gun and this game introduces the a new gameplay mechanic that allows the player to move to multiple fixed locations, which are activated by shooting yellow arrows while the player is hiding. This feature was later reused in the version of Time Crisis 4. Several months after the events in Sercia, V. S. S. E, agent Richard Miller is informed by his superiors that Caruban president Xavier Serrano has been publicly assassinated by a man dressed like him. With no evidence to the contrary, V. S. S. E. is prepared to extradite Miller to Caruba to stand trial in 48 hours. With only that time to prove his innocence, Miller is alerted to the presence of an undercover agent codenamed Abacus who can help him obtain the information he needs. Meanwhile, Kantaris, the arms dealer Miller supposedly killed in a previous mission, unable to determine the extent of what she knows, Kantaris has Abacus taken onboard her private yacht to be interrogated by her new security chief Zeus Bertrand. Miller parachutes aboard and makes his way down to the crews quarters, locating Bertrand in the engine room, Miller takes him out and rescues Abacus, who reveals that a Caruban anti-government militant named Ricardo Blanco was the real killer. Escaping the yacht by chopper just as Kantaris destroys it with explosives, there, he fights his way through Blancos men until he gets picked up by Abacuss contact, who takes him to Blancos mansion. Blanco and his allies fight Miller in a pitched battle in the back. Wounded, he tries to escape, but is gunned down by Wild Dog, who survived his apparent death but lost his left arm. A dying Blanco reveals Dogs hideout is in a nuclear research station on Rio Oro island. Infiltrating Rio Oro and defeating Dogs men, Richard destroys a weaponized drilling machine sent to kill him and he then discovers Serrano is alive and well, having been kept by Dog as a bargaining chip after his death was faked

Namco
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Namco Limited is a Japanese corporation best known as a video game developer and publisher. Following a merger with Bandai in September 2005, the two companies game production assets were spun off into Bandai Namco Games on March 31,2006, Namco was re-established to continue domestic operation of video arcades and amusement parks. Its headquarters

1.
Namco Limited

Computing platform
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Computing platform means in general sense, where any piece of software is executed. It may be the hardware or the system, even a web browser or other application. The term computing platform can refer to different abstraction levels, including a hardware architecture, an operating system. In total it can be said to be the stage on which programs ca

1.
Android, a popular mobile operating system

Arcade game
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An arcade game or coin-op is a coin-operated entertainment machine typically installed in public businesses such as restaurants, bars and amusement arcades. Most arcade games are games, pinball machines, electro-mechanical games. While exact dates are debated, the age of arcade video games is usually defined as a period beginning sometime in the la

PlayStation 2
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The PlayStation 2 is a home video game console that was developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the successor to the PlayStation, and is the installment in the PlayStation lineup of consoles. It was released on March 4,2000 in Japan, October 26,2000 in North America, November 24,2000 in Europe and it competed with Segas Dreamcast, Microsoft

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The PS2's controller, the DualShock 2, had the same form factor as the PlayStation DualShock.

North America
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North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Car

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Map of North America, from 1621.

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North America

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The El Castillo pyramid, at Chichén Itzá, Mexico.

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Benjamin West 's The Death of General Wolfe (1771) depicting the Battle of the Plains of Abraham.

Japan
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Japan is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea, the kanji that make up Japans name mean sun origin. 日 can be read as ni and means sun while 本 can be read as hon, or pon, Japan is often referr

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The Golden Hall and five-storey pagoda of Hōryū-ji, among the oldest wooden buildings in the world, National Treasures, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site

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Samurai warriors face Mongols, during the Mongol invasions of Japan. The Kamikaze, two storms, are said to have saved Japan from Mongol fleets.

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Samurai could kill a commoner for the slightest insult and were widely feared by the Japanese population. Edo period, 1798

PAL region
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The PAL region is a television publication territory that covers most of Asia, Africa, Europe, South America and Oceania. It is so named because of the PAL television standard used in those regions, as opposed to the NTSC standard traditionally used in Japan. Most video games designated as part of the region will not play on NTSC-U/C or NTSC-J regi

1.
Television system by country. Countries using the PAL system are shown in blue.

Shoot 'em up
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Shoot em up is a subgenre of the shooter genre of video games. In a shoot em up, the character engages in a lone assault, often in a spacecraft or aircraft. There is no consensus as to design elements compose a shoot em up. Some restrict the definition to games featuring spacecraft and certain types of movement, others allow a broader definition in

1.
A screenshot from Project Starfighter, a side-scrolling shoot-'em-up video game

Light gun
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A light gun is a pointing device for computers and a control device for arcade and video games, typically shaped to resemble a pistol. Modern screen-based light guns work by building an optical sensor into the gun, the first device of this type, the light pen, was used on the MIT Whirlwind computer. The first light guns appeared in the 1930s, follo

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The NES Zapper, Nintendo's early light gun

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Sega Master System, Sega's The Light Phaser

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The Atari, Inc XG-1 Light Gun

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The black GunCon made by Namco for the PlayStation.

Time Crisis (series)
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Time Crisis is a first-person on-rails light gun shooter series of arcade video games by Namco. The first installment of the series was released in the arcades in 1995, the setting of each Time Crisis revolves around a serious threat to usually one nation. However, some games have involved a threat to either the world or the protagonist, a covert o

1.
GunCons were bundled with the console versions of Time Crisis. This is a GunCon for the original PlayStation.

Guncon
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The Guncon, known as the G-Con in Europe, is a family of gun peripherals designed by Namco for the PlayStation consoles. The original controllers used traditional light gun technology, while newer controllers use LED tracking technology, the first Guncon NPC-103 was bundled with the PlayStation conversion of Time Crisis. A second version of the Gun

3.
Guncon 2, Japanese domestic model: a d-pad has been added to the rear of the gun

Sega Dreamcast
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The Dreamcast is a home video game console released by Sega on November 27,1998 in Japan, September 9,1999 in North America, and October 14,1999 in Europe. It was the first in the generation of video game consoles, preceding Sonys PlayStation 2, Nintendos GameCube. The Dreamcast was Segas final home console, marking the end of the companys 18 years

Time Crisis
–
Time Crisis is a first-person on-rails light gun shooter series of arcade video games by Namco. The first installment of the series was released in the arcades in 1995, the setting of each Time Crisis revolves around a serious threat to usually one nation. However, some games have involved a threat to either the world or the protagonist, a covert o

1.
PlayStation cover art

IEEE 1394 interface
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IEEE1394 is an interface standard for a serial bus for high-speed communications and isochronous real-time data transfer. It was developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s by Apple, the 1394 interface is also known by the brand i. LINK, and Lynx. The copper cable it uses in its most common implementation can be up to 4.5 metres long, power is also

4.
A pair of 6-conductor alpha connectors on the edge of an expansion card

Time Crisis 3
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Time Crisis 3 is the third installment of the Time Crisis arcade series. It was later ported to the PlayStation 2, only the handgun has unlimited ammunition, though players can shoot yellow-clad soldiers to gain ammunition for their other weapons. This feature was used in the port of Crisis Zone. The game also refines the crisis flash system which

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Cover art

Time Crisis 4
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It was initially released as an arcade game in 2006, and was ported in 2007 for PlayStation 3, with the Guncon 3 light gun peripheral and features a new first-person shooter mode. It was later re-released as part of Time Crisis, Razing Storm with support for the PlayStation Move controller, the game opens in California, where intelligence officials

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European PlayStation 3 cover art

Communications satellite
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Communications satellites are used for television, telephone, radio, internet, and military applications. There are over 2,000 communications satellites in Earth’s orbit, Wireless communication uses electromagnetic waves to carry signals. These waves require line-of-sight, and are thus obstructed by the curvature of the Earth, the purpose of commun

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An Advanced Extremely High Frequency communications satellite relays secure communications for the United States and other allied countries.

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An Iridium satellite

Metacritic
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Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of media products, music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs, and formerly, books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged, Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc Doyle, and Julie Doyle Roberts. The site provides an excerpt from each review and hyperlinks to its source, a col

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Metacritic

AllGame
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AllGame was a commercial database of information about arcade games, video games and console manufacturers. The AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com, All Media Network includes of the original founders of SideReel and Ackrell Capital investor Mike Ackrell. The AllGame section of the site was shut down on December 12,2014, AllMus

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AllGame

Edge (magazine)
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Edge is a multi-format video game magazine published by Future plc in the United Kingdom, which publishes 13 issues of the magazine per year. It is known for its contacts, editorial stance, distinctive anonymous third-person writing style, yearly awards. The magazine was launched in October 1993 by Steve Jarratt, a video games journalist who has la

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The cover of Edge Issue 234 (December 2011)

Electronic Gaming Monthly
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Electronic Gaming Monthly was a monthly American video game magazine. It offered video game news, coverage of events, interviews with gaming figureheads, editorial content. The magazine was founded in 1988 as U. S. National Video Game Teams Electronic Gaming Monthly under Sendai Publications, in 1994, EGM spun off EGM², which focused on expanded ch

Eurogamer
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Eurogamer is a website and YouTube channel focused on video game news, reviews and other features. It is operated by Gamer Network Ltd. with headquarters in Brighton, East Sussex, the site primarily caters to a UK/Ireland audience, Gamer Network operates other sites using the Eurogamer brand that caters to other European countries. Most of its revi

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Kristan Reed served as Eurogamer's editor from 2002 to 2008.

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Tom Bramwell edited Eurogamer since the beginning of 2008 and worked on the site since 2000, leaving in 2014 to try a new career.

Game Informer
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Game Informer is an American monthly video game magazine featuring articles, news, strategy, and reviews of video games and associated consoles. It debuted in August 1991 when FuncoLand started publishing a six-page magazine, the publication is owned and published by GameStop Corp. the parent company of the video game retailer of the same name, who

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The July 2011 issue cover

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Game Informer covers circa 2005

GamePro
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GamePro was an American multiplatform video game magazine media company that published online and print content covering the video game industry, video game hardware and video game software. The magazine featured content on various game consoles, PC computers. Gamepro Media properties included GamePro magazine and their website, the company was als

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Gamepro magazine, May 2010 issue

Game Revolution
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Game Revolution or GR is a gaming website created in 1996. Based in Berkeley, California, the site includes reviews, previews, a gaming area, cheats, and a merchandise store, as well as webcomics, screenshots. Their features pages include articles satirizing Jack Thompson, E³, the surrounding the next-generation consoles. Cameo writing appearances

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Game Revolution

GameSpot
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GameSpot is a video gaming website that provides news, reviews, previews, downloads, and other information on video games. The site was launched on May 1,1996, created by Pete Deemer, Vince Broady and it was purchased by ZDNet, a brand which was later purchased by CNET Networks. CBS Interactive, which purchased CNET Networks in 2008, is the current

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GameSpot

GameSpy
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GameSpy was a provider of online multiplayer and matchmaking middleware for video games. com. GameSpy merged with IGN in 2004, by 2014, its services had used by over 800 video game publishers and developers since its launch. In August 2012, the GameSpy Industries division was acquired by video game developer Glu Mobile. IGN retained ownership of th

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GameSpy

IGN
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The website was the brainchild of media entrepreneur Chris Anderson and launched on September 29,1996. It focuses on games, films, television, comics, technology, the company is located in San Franciscos SOMA district in California, United States. Originally a network of websites, IGN is now distributed on mobile platforms, console programs on the

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IGN Entertainment's former headquarters in Brisbane, California.

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IGN Entertainment Inc.

Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine
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Official U. S. PlayStation Magazine is a now-defunct monthly video game magazine, published by Ziff Davis Media. It was a publication of Electronic Gaming Monthly. The magazine focused exclusively on PlayStation hardware, software, and culture, covering the original PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, perhaps the most famous aspect of the ma

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Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine

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The final issue of the OPM U.S.

Maxim (magazine)
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Maxim has a circulation of about 9 million readers each month. Maxim Digital reaches more than 4 million unique viewers each month, Maxim magazine publishes 16 editions, sold in 75 countries worldwide. Maxim has expanded into other countries, including Australia. It contains content not included in the print version and focuses on the general topic

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April 2014 Maxim cover

Sega Rally 2
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Sega Rally 2 is an arcade racing game developed by Sega AM5 for the Model 3 arcade hardware. It is the sequel to 1994s Sega Rally Championship, the Sega Dreamcast version was released in Europe as a launch title on October 14,1999, and then in North America on November 27,1999. A PC version was released same year. Sega Rally 2 added new vehicles, n

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Sega Rally 2

Sega Bass Fishing
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Sega Bass Fishing, also known as Get Bass, is an arcade fishing video game developed in 1997 by Sega for the Sega Model 3 hardware. The game has since been ported to the Dreamcast, Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Bass Fishing is an arcade fishing game where players attempt to hook and reel in fish with different lures. Consisting of fou

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North American Dreamcast cover art

IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data

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Internet Movie Database (IMDb)

MobyGames
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MobyGames is a commercial website which catalogs video games both past and present. As of October 2016, this includes over 200 gaming platforms and over 114,000 games, the site is supported by banner ads and by users paying to become patrons. The MobyGames database contains information on games and the people. Some individual developer profiles hav

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MobyGames' old official logo

Bandai Namco Entertainment
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Bandai Namco Entertainment Inc. is an arcade, mobile and home video game publisher, based in Japan. The company also publishes video, music and other entertainment products related to its video game IPs and it is the product of a merger between the video game development divisions of Bandai and Namco. Originally referred to in the West as Namco Ban

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The Bandai Namco Entertainment logo in-use since 2015

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BNEI Headquarters (formerly Shinagawa Panasonic Building)

Crisis Zone
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Crisis Zone is a spin-off of the popular Time Crisis arcade shooters, released in 29 March 1999 in the arcades. In 2000, the Garland Corporation opens a new complex known as Garland Square on the outskirts of London, full of modern amenities, it is considered the future of urban living. A day before its opening, however, the entire complex is taken

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Crisis Zone

Time Crisis: Project Titan
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Time Crisis, Project Titan is a light gun shoot em up video game for developed by Flying Tiger Entertainment and published by Namco for the PlayStation in 2001. It is a spin-off of Namcos Time Crisis series, serving as a sequel to the PlayStation port of the original Time Crisis. Project Titan features the gameplay as the other Time Crisis games. I