Phylum Zygomycota

Rhizopus stolonifer

Phylum ZygomycotaBlack bread mold

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Pilobolus crystallinus

Phylum ZygomycotaDung-loving (coprophilous)PhototrophicSpores are propelled off the hyphae as a single unit"shotgun fungus"

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Phylum Ascomycota

Sac FungiMany do not fit description but produce 4 or 8 haploid spores through meiosis kept in sac-like regions called ascuSpores are called ascosporesAsexual reproduction leads to spores called conidia formed on conidiophores.> 60,000 species foundmorels, truffles, yeasts

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Aspergillus

Phylum Ascomycotaknown to cause infections or allergic reactions in humans> 100 species identified

Symbiotic Associations of Fungi

ParasiticMutualisticCommensalistic

Mycorrhizae

Mutualistic association of fungi and plant rootsInclude a number of species from phyla Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Fungus = food through photosynthesisPlant = nutrients absorbed by fungus

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Lichens

Mutualistic association of fungi and algae or cyanobacteriaMainly species from phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Tend to look like one organism instead of two.> 25,000 species identifiedFungus = photosynthetic nutrientsAlgae = proper environment for growth

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Three types of Lichens

Foliose - leaf-likeCrustose - crust-likeFruticose - shrubby

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Foliose

Leaf-like appearance. Generally brown or golden in color. Tend to grow vertically and spread out along the surface they are attached to.

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Crustose

Crust-like appearance. Tend to grow flat along the surface of trees or rocks.

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Fruticose

Tend to have a cup- or club-shaped reproductive structure from ascomycetes or basidiomycetes involved in relationship. Tend to have branching and cylindrical appearance. Some are brightly colored.