cperez40-JP505

STUDY

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consists of strategic concepts and COAs directed toward securing the objectives of national and multinational policies and strategies through the synchronized and integrated employment of military forces and other instruments of national power

Theater strategy

CCDRs develop _________ after reviewing the operational environment, nature of anticipated operations, and national and multinational strategic direction.

strategic estimates

In the _________, commanders focus on the threat and consider other circumstances affecting the military situation as they develop and analyze COAs

strategic estimate

__________ allow for the employment of theater nuclear forces, conventional and special operations forces, space assets, military assistance from all Services, combat support agencies, and supporting commands, multinational forces, and interagency resources in each COA.

Theater strategic concepts

Theater strategic concepts determine when, where, and for what purpose major forces will be employed and consider the following:

) The law of war, implementation of national policies, and protection of US citizens, forces, and interests.(b) Integration of deterrence measures and transition to combat operations.(c) Adjustments for multinational, interagency, IGO, OGA or NGO circumstances.(d) Identification of potential military requirements across the range of military operations.(e) Support for security assistance or nation assistance.(f) Inputs to higher strategies or subordinate

How would you describe the major doctrinal categories and types of military operations?

Use of joint capabilities in ___________, _________, and _________ helps shape the operational environment and keep the day-to-day tensions between nations or groups below the threshold of armed conflict while maintaining US global influence.

military engagement, security cooperation, and deterrence activities

Individual ______ and _______ often contribute to a larger, long-term effort (e.g., Operation ENDURING FREEDOM [OEF], which is part of the GWOT).

major operations and campaigns

These ongoing and specialized activities establish, shape, maintain, and refine relations with other nations and domestic civil authorities (e.g., state governors or local law enforcement).

The general strategic and operational objective is to protect US interests at home and abroad.

- Military Engagement, - Security Cooperation, and - Deterrence

_________ is the routine contact and interaction between individuals or elements of the Armed Forces of the United States and those of another nation's armed forces, or foreign and domestic civilian authorities or agencies to build trust and confidence, share information, coordinate mutual activities, and maintain influence

Military engagement

____________ involves all DOD interactions with foreign defense establishments to build defense relationships that promote specific US security interests, develop allied and friendly military capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations, and provide US forces with peacetime and contingency access to a host nation (HN).

Security cooperation

_________ helps prevent adversary action through the presentation of a credible threat of counteraction.

Deterrence

A ___________ or ________ can be a single small-scale, limited-duration operation or a significant part of a major operation of extended duration involving combat.

crisis response or limited contingency operation

When required to achieve national strategic objectives or protect national interests, the US national leadership may decide to conduct a ________ involving large-scale combat, placing the United States in a wartime state

major operation or campaign

In a major operation or campaign, the general goal is _______ against the enemy as quickly as possible, conclude hostilities, and establish conditions favorable to the HN and the United States and its multinational partners.

to prevail

True or False

Some specific crisis-response or limited contingency operations may not involve large-scale combat, but could be considered major operations or campaigns depending on their scale and duration

How would you describe the overall effect on CCDR planning efforts when military operations occur simultaneously?

Major operations and campaigns can be initiated while security cooperation activities are ongoing in the same or another part of the theater (e.g., OEF during the enforcement of United Nations [UN] sanctions on Iraq).

Further, a crisis response or limited contingency operation may be initiated separately or as part of a campaign or major operation (e.g., the 1991 NEO in Somalia during Operation DESERT SHIELD).

GCCs should pay particular attention to synchronizing and integrating the activities of assigned, attached, and supporting forces through subordinate and supporting JFCs to achieve national, theater, and/or multinational strategic objectives.

True OR False

Some military operations may be conducted for one purpose. Often, military operations will have multiple purposes and be influenced by a fluid and changing situation.

Examples of Crisis response and limited contingency operations

employment of overwhelming force in PEO, a single precision strike, a NEO, or CS mission.

If the crisis is within US territory (e.g., natural or man-made disaster, deliberate attack), US joint forces will conduct _________ as directed by the President and SecDef.

CS/HD operations

If the crisis is caused by an internal conflict that threatens regional stability, US forces _____________ (e.g., Operation RESTORE DEMOCRACY, the 1994 intervention in Haiti).

may intervene to restore or guarantee stability

Crisis response and limited contingency operations are typically ________ and __________ in an operational area.

limited in scope and scale and conducted to achieve a very specific strategic or operational objective

How would you explain the importance of political objectives in termination planning? (p 255, 261)

Termination of operations must be considered from the outset of planning in a coordinated effort with relevant agencies, organizations, and multinational partners. The ability to understand how and when to terminate operations is instrumental to operational design.

First, having an understanding of the political objective helps avoid actions that may have adverse effects.

Secondly, commanders should remain aware of changes not only in the operational situation, but also to changes in political objectives that may warrant a change in military operations

operations directed by the DOS or other appropriate authority, in conjunction with the DOD, whereby noncombatants are evacuated from foreign countries when their lives are endangered by war, civil unrest, or natural disaster to safe havens or to the United States

NEOs

Pursuant to Executive Order 12656, the _______ is responsible for the protection and evacuation of American citizens abroad and for safeguarding their property

DOS

WHO is responsible for preparation of emergency action plans that address the military evacuation of US citizens and designated foreign nationals from a foreign country?

The US ambassador, or chief of the diplomatic mission,

The conduct of military operations to assist in the implementation of emergency action plans is the responsibility of the _________, as directed by SecDef.

GCC

How do NEOs are similar to a raid?

in that the operation involves swift insertion of a force, temporary occupation of physical objectives, and ends with a planned withdrawal

How do NEOs differ from a raid?

force used normally is limited to that required to protect the evacuees and the evacuation force

are multiagency and multinational operations involving all instruments of national power; including international humanitarian and reconstruction efforts and military missions; to contain conflict, redress the peace, and shape the environment to support reconciliation and rebuilding and facilitate the transition to legitimate governance

Peace Operations

are military operations undertaken with the consent of all major parties to a dispute, designed to monitor and facilitate implementation of an agreement (cease fire, truce, or other such agreements) and support diplomatic efforts to reach a long-term political settlement.

PKO (i.e. MNF Observers in the Sinai)

are the application of military force or threat of its use, normally pursuant to international authorization, to compel compliance with resolutions or sanctions designed to maintain or restore peace and order.

PEO

PEO may include:

- the enforcement of sanctions and exclusion zones, - protection of FHA, - restoration of order, and - forcible separation of belligerent parties or parties to a dispute.

Such actions are often taken under the authority of Chapter VI of the UN Charter

PKO

such operations do not require the consent of the states involved or of other parties to the conflict

PEO

consists of stability actions (predominantly diplomatic, economic, and security related) that strengthen and rebuild governmental infrastructure and institutions, build confidence, and support economic reconstruction to prevent a return to conflict

is the process of diplomacy, mediation, negotiation, or other forms of peaceful settlement that arranges an end to a dispute or resolves issues that led to conflict. It can be an ongoing process, supported by military, economic, and IO

PM

consists of diplomatic and other actions taken in advance of a predictable crisis to prevent or limit violence, deter parties, and reach an agreement before armed hostilities

Conflict prevention

operations relieve or reduce the impact of natural or man-made disasters or other endemic conditions such as human pain, disease, hunger, or privation in countries or regions outside the United States.

Foreign Humanitarian Assistance (FHA)

Within DOD, the ___________ has the overall responsibility for developing the military policy for international FHA operations.

Undersecretary of Defense for Policy

US military forces participate in three basic types of FHA operations—

- those coordinated by the UN, - those where the United States acts in concert with other multinational forces, or - those where the United States responds unilaterally.

Operation PROVIDE RELIEF and RESTORE HOPE

FHA; airlift of food/supplies for starving somali's; distribution was haphazard and subject to banditry; multinational humanitarian assistance, united task force (unitaf) somalia; uncertainty, instability, proliferation of weapons during civil war

Lessons Learned during Op ATLAS RESPONSE

- supporting the essentially civil-run operation and providing effective counsel worked far better than trying to control the operation as a supported commander

- civil-military operations center (CMOC) was key to working with the participating IGOs and NGOs

- early development of an exit strategy provided decision points with tangible measures

may be conducted to search for, locate, identify, recover, and return isolated personnel, sensitive equipment, items critical to national security, or human remains

Recovery Operations

actions taken to maintain or restore essential services and manage and mitigate problems resulting from disasters and catastrophes, including natural, man-made, or terrorist incidents

CM

_____ is the federal agency with lead responsibility for foreign CM and _____ is the "Primary Agency" for domestic CM.

DOS; DHS

are attacks conducted to damage or destroy an objective or a capability. May be used to punish offending nations or groups, uphold international law, or prevent those nations or groups from launching their own attacks

Strikes (i.e. Op EL DORADO CANYON)

operations to temporarily seize an area, usually through forcible entry, in order to secure information, confuse an adversary, capture personnel or equipment, or destroy an objective or capability

Raids (Operation URGENT FURY)

Operation ELDORADO CANYON

Strike; libya, gaddafi, < 12 minutes, 60 tones of munitions

the protection of US sovereignty, territory, domestic population, and critical defense infrastructure against external threats and aggression or other threats as directed by the President

HD

consists of DOD support to US civil authorities for domestic emergencies, and for designated law enforcement and other activities. Requests for federal assistance of this nature must be submitted to the DOD Executive Secretary

CS

When ordered to conduct HD operations within US territory, DOD will:

coordinate closely with OGAs

is the primary Federal mechanism through which DOD support is requested for domestic emergencies.

- describes the policies, planning assumptions, and a CONOPS that guide federal operations following a Presidential declaration of a major disaster or emergency.

The NRP,

is essential to supplement other forms of intelligence and information collection to produce the most accurate intelligence products

HUMINT

Where there is little USG or US military presence, _________ may be the best immediately available information to prepare US forces to operate in a foreign country

ensures the degree or state of being continuous in the conduct of functions, tasks, or duties necessary to accomplish a military action or mission in carrying out the national military strategy

Continuity of operations (COOP)

involves a coordinated effort within each USG branch (executive, legislative, and judicial) to ensure the capability to continue minimum essential functions and responsibilities during a catastrophic emergency

Continuity of government

means the identification, verification, inspection, limitation, control, reduction, or elimination of armed forces and armaments of all kinds under international agreement including the necessary steps taken under such an agreement to establish an effective system of international control, or to create and strengthen international organizations for the maintenance of peace

Arms control and disarmament

Types of Activities that Fall under Mil Engagement, Sec Coop, and Deterrence: (12)

- Emergency Preparedness- Arms control and disarmament - Combating Terrorism- DoD Support to Counterdrug Ops- Enforcement of Sanctions- Enforcing Exclusion Zones- Ensure Freedom of Navigation and Overflight- Nation Assistance is Civil or Mil Assistance- Protection of Shipping- Show of Force- Support of Insurgency- Counterinsurgency Ops

This effort involves actions taken to oppose terrorism from wherever the threat exists. It includes antiterrorism—defensive measures taken to reduce vulnerability to terrorist acts—and counterterrorism—offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, preempt, and respond to terrorism

Combat Terrorism

involves defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and property to terrorist acts, to include limited response and containment by local military forces and civilians

1st -- organizational rotations are not necessarily better than individual replacements at the higher levels2nd -- main goal of CENTCOM and CFLCC was to prevent an insurgency, not defeat one

Dr. Bensahel had three lessons that can be learned from the Iraq situation

- Post-war planning cannot be separated from war planning- Ground forces need to be prepared to take on stabilization and reconstruction tasks after the conflict- Effective civilian interagency preparations and planning are needed to increase the capacity to handle reconstruction roles