Hexanes

Rubus brasiliensis hexanic fraction induced anxiolysis in rodents, which was reversed by flumazenil, a specific GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor antagonist (Nogueira et al., 1998a,b). Then, we investigated if this hexanic fraction was able to induce hypnotic, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects, and the involvement of GABA(A)-system. The hexanic fraction (50, 100, 150 and 300 mg/kg, vo) was administered to male Swiss mice, 30 min before the tests.

The anxiolytic and sedative effects of Tilia americana L. var. mexicana (Schltdl.) Hardin inflorescence extracts and its acute toxicity were tested. Sodium pentobarbital (SP)-induced hypnosis potentiation (SPP), as well as ambulatory activity and anti-anxiety response in three different experimental models were evaluated with hexane and methanol extracts in mice.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the psychopharmacological effects in mice of the hydroethanolic extract (HE), aqueous, hexane and ethyl acetate (EA) fractions, and 6-methoxy-7-prenyloxycoumarin, three dihydrostyryl-2-pyrones and three styryl-2-pyrones isolated from Polygala sabulosa (Polygalaceae), a folk medicine used as a topical anesthetic. In the elevated plus-maze test (EPM), the HE of P.

The leaves of Cinnamomum tamala Linn (Lauraceae), component of Indian spices are associated with hypoglycemic property in Ayurveda; however, no report is available towards its immunomodulation property, which has been explored here. The dried powder of CT leaves was extracted with hexane and solvent free extract (CTH) was given orally to rats for 10 days, in various doses. Its effect was studied on peritoneal macrophage functions, and was compared with ascorbic acid (1,000 mg/kg, immune-stimulant) and cyclophosphamide (10 mg/kg, immune-suppressant).

The leaves of Cinnamomum tamala Linn. (CT) (Lauraceae) clinically used in Ayurveda as antidiabetic and diuretic, but no reports are available towards immunomodulating property. Its hexane fraction (CTH) was orally given to rats for 10 days and delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH), antibody production against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), mitotic index in bone marrow cells and concanavalin A (Con A) mediated proliferation of lymphocytes were assessed.

There is general belief that only pure phytomolecules may be used as molecular therapeutic agent through one to one action. However, the traditional systems of medicine e.g. Ayurveda, uses the crude extracts, mostly water decoctions and oils, as drug. A comparative study of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of N. Sativa seeds has been carried out on fresh rat-peritoneal-macrophage culture with reference to their role on various targets of lipopolysaccharide induced release of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression.

Natural forms of vitamin E are metabolized by omega-hydroxylation and beta-oxidation of the hydrophobic side chain to generate urinary-excreted 2-(beta-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman (CEHC) and CEHC conjugates (sulfate, glucuronide, or glucoside). We recently showed that sulfated long-chain carboxychromanols, the conjugated intermediate beta-oxidation products, are formed from tocopherols and tocotrienols in human cells and in rats. CEHC conjugates have been quantified after being converted to its unconjugated counterpart by sulfatase/glucuronidase.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with a high colon cancer risk. We have previously reported that American ginseng extract significantly reduced the inflammatory parameters of chemically induced colitis. The aim of this study was to further delineate the components of American ginseng that suppress colitis and prevent colon cancer. Among five different fractions of American ginseng (butanol, hexane, ethylacetate, dichloromethane, and water), a hexane fraction has particularly potent antioxidant and proapoptotic properties.

The number of endangered plant species in the U.S. is significant, yet studies aimed towards utilizing these plants are limited. Ticks and mosquitoes are vectors of significant pathogenic diseases of humans. Repellents are critical means of personal protection against biting arthropods and disease transmission. The essential oil and solvent extracts from Lindera melissifolia (Walt.) Blume (Lauraceae) (pondberry) drupes were gathered and analyzed by GC and GC-MS.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is debilitating and carries a high colon cancer risk. Apoptosis of inflammatory cells is a key mechanism regulating UC. We have recently shown that American ginseng (AG), and to a greater extent, a Hexane fraction of AG (HAG) can cause apoptosis and suppress mouse colitis through a p53-mediated mechanism. Here, we tested the hypothesis that HAG suppresses colitis through a p53 mechanism. We found only a limited impact of p53 in the ability of HAG to induce inflammatory cell apoptosis and suppress mouse colitis in vitro and in vivo.