It is a simple problem. .loc takes index labels or boolean list/Series. So this will work:

df.loc[(df.column_A < 10) & (df.column_A > 1), "column_A"] = 1

Note that I removed df. from the column index place.

df.loc[(1 < df.column_A < 10), "Column_A"] = 1

Will not work because the operation (1 < df.column_A < 10) seems logical, but tries to collapse the whole Series into one value. And since it does not know whether you want an and, or or some other combination, it raises that error.

df.loc[(df.column_A < 10) | (df.column_A > 1), "df.column_A"] = 1

Should not work either, because you are not referencing the columns correctly. It is funny that you are getting no errors. Perhaps you did something in your program earlier that saves you...

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