1. You can create calculated members in Tableau where you use a MDX function that returns the right time period. This blog post has a YoY example of this: http://www.kaviglobal.com/getting-tableau-work-ssas/ but you can use the same concept to return different time periods.

2. You can convert the data type in Tableau to 'Date':

Once you do that, you can then use relative date filters and select a time period: Quick Start: Relative Date Filters . With this approach, you'll probably need 3 sheets that you'd put together in a dashboard.