-John Russwurm, the first African American college graduate, received degree at Bowdoin

1827

-Freedom's Journal first African American newspaper is publish Mar. 16 in New York City

1830

-African American population is at 2,328,642(18.2%)

-James Augustine Healy first African American Roman Catholic bishop

1834

-David Rugles open first African American bookstore in New York City,white mobs burned down store next year

-Henry Blair first African-American to receive a patent, corn harvesting device, first time race of inventor noted

1835

-a convention in Philadelphia suggested blacks remove 'African' from the names of their institutions, many early black
institutions in America used the word 'African' to describe their organizations because many freed slaves had recollections of being in Africa

-Second Seminole War, blacks were with Seminoles on attack of Florida settlements, considered the largest slave revolt

1838

August, Mirror Liberty first African American magazine published by David Ruggles

1839

-Feb. 25, Seminoles and black allies shipped from Tampa Bay, Fl to West

-Nov. 13, Liberty Party formed, first political party whose main issue was the abolition of slavery

-George Latimer fugitive slave, captured triggering crisis between North and South over slavery

-Jul. 30, Lincoln issued "an eye for an eye" order, stipulating for every black POW killed, a rebel POW will be killed, for every
black POW enslaved, a rebel POW will get hard labor for life, diminishing the killing of black soldiers captured by the confederacy

1864

-Apr. 12, Fort Pillow in Tenn captured by majority Black regiment, was recaptured by Nathan Bedford Forrest, who massacred all blacks, whites, women and children

-Jun. 19, Joachim Pease, black sailor, won Congressional Medal of Honor, for service at sea in the battle between USS "Kearsage" and CSS "Alabama" off Cherbourg, France

-Jul. 15, General A.J. Smith defeats Nathan B. Forrest at Harrisburg near Tupelo, Miss.-a brigade of Black troops took part

-Jul. 30, Black soldiers saw battle at rebel lines near Petersburg, Ninth Corps had the largest casualty, the Forty-Third U.S.C.T. was the only success with capture of 200 rebels;Decatur Dorsey of the Thirty Nineth of the U.S.C.T. won Congressional Medal of Honor

-Aug. 5, John Lawson, black gunner, awarded Congressional Medal of Honor for courage in the Battle of Mobile Bay on the flagship of Admiral David Farragut

-Dec. 3, the Twenty-Fifth Corps, the largest all black unit the US army established

-Dec. 10-29, the Sixth and Fifth Cavalry saw battle under Major General George Stoneman in his invasion of southwest Va, the Sixth Cavalry served with distinction in Marion, Va

-Dec. 15-16, two brigades of black troops fought in the Battle of Nashville, help crush rebel troops. Black troop openned battle on the first day and engage the right of rebel line. Black brigades under Colonel Charles R. Thompson made ingenious charge up Overton Hill.

1865

Jan. 11, Robert E. Lee made recommendation for arming slaves, after numerous defeats

-Nov. 2, Conservatives wins Mississippi election using the Mississippi Plan, using riots, political assassination, massacres, and social intimidation to undo Reconstruction policy-similiar plans were used to overthrow Reconstruction policy in South Carolina and Louisiana

Nov. 11, World War I ends, 370,000 African American troops served and 1,400 commissioned officers, three African American regiments received the Croix de Guerre for valor(369th, 371st, 372nd regiments). The 369 was the first American unit to reach the Rhine. Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were the first soldiers in the American Army to be decorated by France.

African American population at 10,463,131 or 9.9% of the US population

Harlem Renaissance, a period of great achievements in the arts and outpouring of creativity lead by Claude McKay, with contributions from Jean Toomer, Alain Locke, Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, James Weldon Johnson