Fluency is the ability to read text effortlessly, allowing the reader to concentrate on meaning. Fluency includes reading accurately, quickly, and with prosody (appropriate phrasing, expression, and attention to punctuation).

The Texas Adolescent Academy Administrator Overview is designed to prepare school leaders to implement a schoolwide approach to reading intervention consistent with a response to intervention, or RtI, model.

Vocabulary knowledge is an essential component of comprehension, language proficiency, and reading growth for all students.These vocabulary activities are designed to enhance the instruction of all teachers of reading and to meet the learning needs of all students, as indicated by data.

Phonological awareness is the structure of oral language. It involves the awareness that oral language is comprised of sounds and the ability to manipulate these sound parts in various ways (blending, segmenting, deleting, adding, substituting).