IBM Sets Data Transfer Record in Multimode Optical Fiber

A record for data transmission over a multimode optical fiber has been set by IBM researchers. By sending data at a rate of 64 Gbit/s over a cable 57 meters long using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), the researchers achieved a rate that was around 14 percent faster than the previous record and about 2.5 times faster than the capabilities of typical commercial technology.

To send the data, the researchers used standard non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation. "Others have thought that this modulation wouldn't allow for transfer rates much faster than 32 Gbit/s," said researcher Dan Kuchta of the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center in New York. Many researchers thought that achieving higher transmission rates would require turning to more complex types of modulation, such as pulse-amplitude modulation-4 (PAM-4).

"What we're showing is that that's not the case at all," Kuchta said. Because he and his colleagues achieved fast speeds even with NRZ modulation, he added, "this technology has at least one or two more generations of product life in it."

Following this achievement it is expected that standard existing technology for sending data over short distances should be able to meet the growing needs of servers, datacenters, and supercomputers through the end of this decade.

To achieve such high speeds, the researchers used the VCSEL lasers developed at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden and custom silicon-germanium chips developed at IBM Research. "The receiver chip is a unique design that simultaneously achieves speeds and sensitivities well beyond today's commercial offerings," Kuchta explained. "The driver chip incorporates transmit equalization, which widens the bandwidth of the optical link. While this method has been widely used in electrical communication, it hasn't yet caught on in optical communication," he said.

"Researchers typically rely on a rule of thumb that says the usable data-transfer rate is about 1.7 times the bandwidth," Kuchta explained. "That means that with the VCSEL laser, which has a bandwidth of about 26 GHz, the rate would be only about 44 Gbit/s.

"What we're doing with equalization is we're breaking the historical rule of thumb," he said.

The fast speeds only worked for a distance of 57 meters, so this technology isn't designed for sending data across continents. Instead, it's most suitable for transmitting data within a building, he said. About 80% of the cables at data centers and most, if not all, of the cables used for typical supercomputers, are less than 50 meters long.