9780130156570

0130156574

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Summary

This anthology provides each of the major world religions with an opportunity to explain itself in its own terms, creating a sensitive and accurate picture of its teachings and beliefs. It allows readers to gain an "inside" understanding of origins, founders, and practices--and presents the religions as living faiths. Selected extracts relate religion to such current issues as gender, environment, and politics. Chapters explore indigenous sacred ways, Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Judaism, Christianity, and more. For individuals desiring to learn more about the major world religions, and their impact around the world today.

Table of Contents

The Religious Response

1

(33)

The Comparative study of religion

2

(3)

Interpreting the Sacred

2

(3)

William E. Paden

The phenomenology of religions

5

(2)

The Sacredness of Nature and Cosmic Religion

5

(2)

Mircea Eliade

Materialistic perspectives on religion

7

(4)

The Future of an Illusion

7

(2)

Sigmund Freud

Religion as the Opium of the People

9

(1)

Karl Marx

God is Dead

10

(1)

Friedrich Nietzsche

Religious points of view

11

(4)

The Oneness of the Divine

11

(1)

Abraham Heschel

The New Polytheism

12

(2)

David Miller

The Ground of Being

14

(1)

Tarthang Tulku

Scientific perspectives on religion

15

(5)

A Not-So-Random Universe

15

(3)

Patrick Glynn

Near-Death Experiences: Light in the Shadow of Death

18

(2)

Lee W. Bailey

Worship, symbol, and myth

20

(5)

Mandalas: Deity Unfolding in the World

20

(3)

Carl G. Jung

The Hero with a Thousand Faces

23

(2)

Joseph Campbell

Women and the feminine in religion

25

(4)

When God Was a Woman

25

(4)

Merlin Stone

The need for religion today

29

(2)

The Lost Dimension in Religion

29

(2)

Paul Tillich

Glossary

31

(1)

Review Questions

32

(1)

Information Resources

33

(1)

Indigenous Sacred Ways

34

(27)

African Sacred Ways

35

(12)

Of Water and the Spirit: An African Boy's Initiation

35

(6)

Malidoma Patrice Some

Women and Prayers in African Religion

41

(3)

John Mbiti

The Talking Drum: African Sacred Liturgy

44

(3)

Georges Niangoran-Bouah

Native North American sacred Ways

47

(10)

That Mountain Has Spirit by Southwest Indigenous Peoples

48

(1)

The Great Vision

48

(4)

Black Elk

Lakota Shaman

Basic Call to Consciousness by the Hau De No Sau Nee (Iroquois) Nation

52

(2)

The Essence of Cosmic Man

54

(1)

Tlakaelel (Mexica-Tolteca)

Seeing with a Native Eye

55

(2)

Barre Toelken

Glossary

57

(1)

Typical Indigenous Holy Days

57

(1)

Historical Outline

58

(1)

Review Questions

58

(1)

Information Resources

58

(3)

Hinduism

61

(31)

Sruti texts

62

(4)

Hymn to Agni, God of Fire from the Rig Vedas

62

(1)

Hymn on Creation from the Rig Vedas

63

(1)

You are That from the Upanishads

64

(1)

What Is the World but Spirit? from the Upanishads

65

(1)

Smrti texts

66

(10)

Devotion to the Lord from the Bhagavad Gita

66

(1)

Rama, Sita, and Lakshman Enter the Forest from the Ramayana

67

(2)

Duties of the Four Castes from the Manu smriti

69

(1)

The Faithful Wife from the Manu smriti

70

(1)

Desire to Know the Brahman

71

(1)

Sankara

Yoga Sutras

72

(2)

Patanjali

In Praise of Durga from the Siva Purana

74

(1)

The Way of Devotion from the Bhagavata Purana

75

(1)

Songs of the Saints

76

(3)

The World of Illusion

77

(1)

Ravi Das

Worship Him in Silence

78

(1)

Lalla

Without Krishna I Cannot Sleep

79

(1)

Mirabai

Three Poems

80

(2)

Kabir

Modern texts

82

(1)

Vision of the Mother

82

(1)

Paramahansa Yogananda

Contemporary issues

83

(5)

Untouchability

83

(2)

Mahatma Gandhi

Hindu-ness

85

(1)

V. D. Savarkar

A Paradigm Shift in Religious Cooperation

86

(2)

Swami Agnivesh

Glossary

88

(1)

Holy Days

89

(1)

Historical Outline

89

(1)

Review Questions

90

(1)

Information Resources

90

(2)

Jainism

92

(19)

Teachings of Mahavir

93

(2)

Mahavir's Stoicism from the Akaranga Sutra

93

(2)

Harmlessness

95

(2)

``On Non-Violence'' from Jain Sutras

95

(1)

``On Self-Restraint'' from Jain Sutras

96

(1)

Respect for Life from the Akaranga Sutra

96

(1)

Perfection of the soul

97

(2)

The Five Great Vows from the Akaranga Sutra

97

(2)

The principles of Anekantavada and Syadvada

99

(1)

Anekantavada (The Doctrine of Manifold Aspects)

99

(1)

Dr. L. M. Singhvi

The Blind Men and the Elephant: a traditional Jain fable

100

(1)

Renunciation

100

(7)

``Forsaking eternal bliss for a drop of honey'': a traditional Jain fable

101

(1)

The Renunciate Life of Sadhvi Vicaksana

102

(3)

N. Shanta

``The Righteous Path for Laity and Ascetics''

105

(2)

Acharya Kund-Kund

Jain ethics today

107

(2)

Non-violence: A Profile

107

(2)

Acharya Tulsi

Glossary

109

(1)

Holy Days

109

(1)

Historical Outline

109

(1)

Review Questions

110

(1)

Information Resources

110

(1)

Buddhism

111

(31)

The awakened one

112

(5)

Defeat of Mara and Enlightenment

112

(3)

Asvaghosha

Speculations Undeclared from the Culamalunkya Sutta

115

(2)

Theravada

117

(3)

The Fully Enlightened from the Dhammapada

117

(2)

Rejection of Birth Castes from the Vasettha Sutta

119

(1)

Mahayana

120

(6)

Emptiness

120

(1)

Nagarjuna

The Heart Sutra

121

(1)

Discovering Universal Emptiness

122

(1)

Dogen

Zen and Koans

123

(3)

Daisetz T. Suzuki

Nothing to Do with Rules

126

(1)

Bankei

Vajrayana

126

(4)

Love, Kindness, and Universal Responsibility

127

(3)

Dalai Lama

Living engaged Buddhism

130

(8)

Engaged Buddhism in Asia

130

(3)

Christopher Queen

Sallie King

Buddhism Comes Home

133

(3)

Jean Latz Griffin

Precepts for an Engaged Buddhism

136

(2)

Thich Nhat Hanh

Glossary

138

(1)

Holy Days

139

(1)

Historical Outline

140

(1)

Review Questions

140

(1)

Information Resources

141

(1)

Confucianism

142

(22)

The Confucian classics

143

(8)

The Analects of Confucius

143

(3)

Wing-tsit Chan

The Book of Mencius

146

(2)

D. C. Lau

The Doctrine of the Mean

148

(3)

Wing-tsit Chan

Scholars' commentaries

151

(4)

The Great Commentary on the Book of Changes

151

(3)

Richard Wilhelm

Principles for Women

154

(1)

Pan Chao

Neo-Confucianism

155

(3)

The Great Ultimate

155

(2)

Chou Tun-i

The Western Inscription

157

(1)

Chang Tsai

Living Confucianism

158

(3)

Confucianism and the Twenty-First Century

158

(3)

Xinzhong Yao

Glossary

161

(1)

Holy Days

162

(1)

Historical Outline

162

(1)

Review Questions

163

(1)

Information Resources

163

(1)

Taoism

164

(20)

The traditional canon

164

(7)

The Tao-te Ching

164

(3)

Lao-tzu

The Great and Venerable Teacher

167

(1)

Chuang Tzu

Heaven's Gifts

168

(3)

Lieh-tzu

Later developments

171

(10)

Communication of the Force of Life with Heaven from Huang Ti Nei Ching Su Wen