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IBM Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets

Lotus Symphony includes a spreadsheet application that
you can use to calculate, analyze, and manage your data. You can use
statistical and banking functions that create formulas to perform
complex calculations on your data.

Additional features in Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets make it easy
to work with and present data.

Arranging data With a few mouse-clicks, you can reorganize
your spreadsheet to show or hide certain data ranges, to format ranges
according to special conditions, or to quickly calculate subtotals
and totals.

Scenario calculations Lets you immediately
view the results of changes made to one factor of a calculation that
is composed of several factors. For instance, you can see how changing
the time period in a loan calculation affects the interest rate or
repayment amount. In addition, you can manage larger tables by using
different pre-defined scenarios.

Opening and saving Microsoft files Use filters to convert
Microsoft Excel files, or to open and save those files in a variety
of other formats.

Using Shortcut Keys
( Lotus Symphony Documents Accessibility)

Some of the shortcut keys may be assigned to your desktop system.
Keys that are assigned to the desktop system are not available to Lotus® Symphony™. Try to assign different
keys in your desktop system.

Press
the keys Alt+<underlined character> to open
a menu. In an open menu, press the underlined character to run a command.
For example, press Alt+I to open the Insert menu,
and then T to insert a table.

To open a context menu, press
Shift+F10. To close a context menu, press Escape.

Keyboard Navigation

You can use shortcut keys to perform common tasks in spreadsheets.
You can also use the general shortcut keys for Lotus Symphony.
However, some keyboard shortcut conflicts with a default Exposé key
assignment in Mac OS X version 10.6.3 or later. To use the shortcut
in Symphony, you must first turn off the Exposé keyboard shortcut
for this key.

Navigation keys for Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets

Action

Shortcut

Moves the cursor to the first cell
in the sheet (A1).

Ctrl+Home

Moves the cursor to the last cell
on the sheet that contains data.

Ctrl+End

Moves the cursor to the first cell
of the current row.

Home

Moves the cursor to the last cell
of the current row that contains data.

End

Moves the cursor to the left edge
of the current data range. If the column to the left of the cell that
contains the cursor is empty, the cursor moves to the next column
to the left that contains data.

Ctrl+Left Arrow

Moves the cursor to the right edge
of the current data range. If the column to the right of the cell
that contains the cursor is empty, the cursor moves to the next column
to the right that contains data.

Ctrl+Right Arrow

Moves
the cursor to the top edge of the current data range. If the row above
the cell that contains the cursor is empty, the cursor moves up to
the next row that contains data.

Ctrl+Up Arrow

Moves
the cursor to the bottom edge of the current data range. If the row
below the cell that contains the cursor is empty, the cursor moves
down to the next row that contains data.

Ctrl+Down Arrow

Selects
all cells containing data from the current cell to the end of the
continuous range of data cells, in the direction of the arrow pressed.
If used to select rows and columns together, a rectangular cell range
is selected.hh

Ctrl+Shift+Up/Down/Left/Right
Arrow

Moves
one sheet to the left. In Page Preview, moves to the previous print
page.

Ctrl+Page Up

Moves
one sheet to the right. In Page Preview, moves to the next print page.

Ctrl+Page Down

Moves
one page to the left.

Alt+Page
Up

Moves
one page to the right.

Alt+Page
Down

Selects
the data range that contains the cursor. A range is a contiguous cell
range that contains data and is bounded by empty rows and columns.

Ctrl+* -
where * is on the numeric keypad only. Many laptop computers may not
include a numeric keypad

Selects
the matrix formula range that contains the cursor.

Ctrl+/ -
where / is on the numeric keypad only. Many laptop computers may not
include a numeric keypad

Using shortcut keys with the DataPilot

Changes
the focus by moving forward through the areas and buttons of the window.

Tab

Changes
the focus by moving backward through the areas and buttons of the
window.

Shift+Tab

Moves
the focus up one item in the current window.

Up Arrow

Moves
the focus down one item in the current window.

Down Arrow

Selects
the first item in the current window.

Home

Selects
the last item in the current window.

End

Multiple
selection.

Ctrl+Click

Opens
the Layout menu.

Alt+L

Removes
the current field from the area.

Delete

Launch
filter window when focus on the field in the DataPilot table.

Ctrl+D

Select
the current item only In the filter window.

Ctrl+I

Clear
the current item only In the filter window.

Ctrl+Shift+I

Switch
between the DataPilot table and the DataPilot panel.

F6

Launch
field menu when focus on one field on the DataPilot panel.

Enter

Using keyboard navigation in the Outline window

Description

Shortcut

Gives focus
to the vertical or horizontal outline window.

F6 or Shift+F6

Cycles through
all visible buttons from top to bottom, or left to right..

Tab

Cycles through
all visible buttons in the opposite direction.

Shift+Tab

Shows all
levels up to the specified number, hiding all higher levels.

Ctrl+1 to Ctrl+8

Shows or
hides the focused outline group.

+ or -

Activates
the focused button.

Enter

Cycles through
all buttons in the current level.

Up/Down/Left/Right
Arrow

Cell selection mode

For text boxes that
have a button to minimize the window, press F2 to enter the cell selection
mode. Select any number of cells, then press F2 again to display the
window. In cell selection mode, you can use the common navigation
keys to select cells.

Working with spreadsheets

This section introduces how you can work with spreadsheets,
such as text formatting, working with cells and so on.

Assigning Formats by Formula

The STYLE()
function can be added to
an
existing formula in a cell. For example, together with the CURRENT
function, you can color a cell depending on its value. The formula
=...+STYLE(IF(CURRENT()>3; "Red"; "Green")) applies the cell
style "Red" to cells if the value is greater than 3, otherwise the
cell style "Green" is applied.

If you would like to apply a
formula to all
cells in a selected area, you can use the
Find and Replace dialog.

Select all the desired cells.

Select the menu command
Edit - Find and Replace.

For the
Search for term, enter: .*

".*" is a regular expression that designates
the contents of the current cell.

Enter the following formula in the
Replace with field:
=&+STYLE(IF(CURRENT()>3;"Red";"Green"))

The "&" symbol designates the current
contents of the
Search for field. The line must begin
with an equal sign, since it is a formula. It is assumed that the
cell styles "Red" and "Green" already exist.

All cells with contents that were included
in
the selection are now highlighted.

Click
Replace all.

Applying
Cell Formatting Conditions

Using
the menu command Layout - Cell Formatting Conditions, the dialog
allows you to define up to three conditions per cell, which must be
met in order for the selected cells to have a particular format.

To apply conditional formatting, Instant
Calculate must be
enabled. Choose Tools - Cell Contents - Instant Calculate (you
see a check mark next to the command when Instant Calculate is enabled).

With conditional formatting, you can, for
example, highlight the totals that exceed the average value of all
totals. If the totals change, the formatting changes correspondingly,
without having to apply other styles manually.

Select the cells to which you want
to apply a conditional style.

Choose
Layout
- Cell Formatting Conditions.

Enter the condition(s) into the dialog
box. The dialog is described in detail in Lotus Symphony Help, and
an example is provided below:

Example
of Cell Formatting Conditions: Generate Number
Values

You want to give certain
values in your tables particular emphasis. For example, in a table
of turnovers, you can show all the values above the average
in green and all those below the average in red. This is possible
with conditional formatting.

First
of all, write a table in which
a few different values occur. For your test you can create tables
with any random numbers:

In one of the
cells enter the formula =RAND(), and you will obtain a random number
between 0 and 1. If you want integers of between 0 and 50, enter the
formula =INT(RAND()*50).

Copy
the formula to create a row of
random numbers. Click the bottom right corner of the selected cell,
and drag to the right until the desired cell range is selected.

In the same way as described above,
drag down the corner of the rightmost cell in order to create more
rows of random numbers.

Example
of Cell Formatting Conditions: Define Cell
Styles

The next step is to apply
a cell style to all values that represent above-average turnover,
and one to those that are below the average. Ensure that the Style
List window is visible before proceeding.

Click in a blank cell and select the
command Text
and Cell Properties in the context menu.

In the Text and Cell Properties dialog on the Background tab, select a background color.
Click OK.

In the Style List window, click the
New icon.
Enter the name of the new style. For this example, name the style
"Above".

To define a second
style, click again
in a blank cell and proceed as described above. Assign a different
background color for the cell and assign a name (for this example,
"Below").

Example of Cell
Formatting Conditions: Calculate Average

In our particular example, we are calculating
the average of the random values. The result is placed in a cell:

Set the cursor in a blank cell, for
example, J14, and choose Create - Function.

Select the AVERAGE function. Use the
mouse to select all your random numbers. If you cannot see the entire
range, because Function is obscuring it, you can temporarily shrink
the dialog using the Shrink
/ Maximize icon.

Close
Function with OK.

Example of Cell Formatting Conditions:
Apply Cell
Style

Now you can apply the conditional
formatting to the sheet:

Select
all cells with the random numbers.

Choose the Layout - Cell Formatting Conditions command
to open the corresponding dialog.

Define
the condition as follows: If
cell value is less than J14, format with cell style "Below", and if
cell value is greater than or equal to J14, format with cell style
"Above".

Example of Cell Formatting
Conditions: Copy Cell Style

To apply
the conditional formatting to other
cells later:

Click one of the
cells that has been
assigned conditional formatting.

Copy
the cell to the clipboard.

Select
the cells that are to receive
this same formatting.

Choose
Edit -
Paste Special. The Paste Special dialog appears.

In the Selection area, check only the Formats box. All other boxes must be unchecked.
Click OK.

Undoing direct formatting in Spreadsheet

You can undo all formatting that
has not been made by styles in a few steps.

Direct
and Style Formatting

If
you format a document without Styles, it is referred to as "direct"
formatting. This means modifying text or other objects, such as frames
or tables, by applying various attributes directly. The format applies
only to the selected area and all changes must be made separately.
Styles, on the other hand, are not applied to the text directly, but
rather are defined in the Style List window and then applied. One
advantage is that when you change a Style, all parts of the document
to which that Style is assigned are modified at the same time.

You can remove direct formatting from your
document by selecting the entire text with the shortcut keys Ctrl+A
and then choosing Layout - Default Formatting.

Removing all Direct Formatting in a Lotus Symphony Documents

Press Ctrl+A to select the whole text.

Choose Layout - Default Formatting.

Removing all Direct Formatting in a Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets

While pressing the Shift key click
the first and then the last sheet tab to select all sheets.

Press Ctrl+A to select the whole text.

Choose Layout - Default Formatting.

Removing all Direct Formatting in a Lotus Symphony Presentations

Click the Outline tab to open outline view.

Press Ctrl+A to select the whole text.

Choose Layout - Default Formatting.

Copying to Multiple
Sheets

You can insert values, text, or formulas
that are simultaneously
copied to the identical positions in other selected sheets of your
document.

Select the
cells that you want to copy.

Select the sheets
by pressing the Shift or Ctrl key, and
clicking the corresponding sheet tabs at the bottom margin of the
workspace. All selected tabs are now white.

Click Edit > Paste,
the copied values, text, or formulas display in the
identical positions in the other selected sheets.

Selecting Multiple Cells

Select a rectangular range

With the mouse button pressed, drag from one
corner to the diagonally opposed corner of the range.

Mark a single cell

Do
one of the following:

Click, then Shift-click the cell.

Pressing the mouse button, drag a range
across two cells, do not release the mouse button, and then drag back
to the first cell. You can now move the individual cell by drag and
drop.

Select various dispersed cells

Mark at least one cell. Then while pressing
Ctrl, click each of the additional cells.

Switch marking mode

On
the status bar, click the box with the legend Standard / Extension
/ Addition to switch the marking mode:

Table 1. Marking mode options

Field contents

Effect of clicking the mouse

Standard

A mouse click selects the cell you have clicked
on. Unmarks all marked cells.

Extension

A mouse click marks a rectangular range from
the current cell to the cell you clicked.

Addition

A mouse click in a cell adds it to the already
marked cells. A mouse click in a marked cell unmarks it. Alternatively,
Ctrl-click the cells.

Merging and
Unmerging Sheet Cells

In IBM® Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets, you can
select adjacent
cells, then merge them into a single cell. Conversely, you can take
a large cell that has been created by merging single cells, and divide
it back into individual cells.

Merging
Cells

Select the adjacent
cells.

Choose Layout - Merge Cells.

Canceling the merging of cells

Place the cursor in the cell to be
split.

Choose Layout - Merge Cells.

Decimal Format

Set the cursor at the number and
choose Layout - Properties - Text
and Cells Properties to start the Format
Cells dialog.

On the Numbers
tab you will see a selection of predefined number formats. In the
bottom right in the dialog you will see a preview of how your current
number would look if you were to give it a particular format.

User-defined Number Formats

You can define your own number
formats to display numbers in Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets.

As an example, to display the number 10,200,000
as 10.2 Million:

Select the cells to which you want
to apply a new, user-defined format.

Choose Layout - Properties - Text and Cell Properties
- Numbers.

In the Categories list box select "User-defined".

In the Format code text box enter the following code:

0.0,, "Million"

Click OK.

The following table shows the effects
of rounding, thousands delimiters (,), decimal delimiters (.) and
the placeholders # and 0.

Table 2. Format codes and their effects

Number

.#,, "Million"

0.0,, "Million"

#,, "Million"

10200000

10.2 Million

10.2 Million

10 Million

500000

.5 Million

0.5 Million

1 Million

100000000

100. Million

100.0 Million

100 Million

Formatting Numbers as Text

You can format numbers as text in a spreadsheet. When numbers
are formatted as text, they cannot be used in calculations or formulas.

If you need to enter a number directly as text, enter an
apostrophe (') first. For example, to input years as text in column
headings, you can enter '1999, '2000 and '2001. The apostrophe is
not visible in the cell; it only indicates that the entry is to be
recognized as text. For example, use the apostrophe when you enter
a telephone number or postal code that begins with a zero (0), because
a 0 at the start of a sequence of digits is removed in normal number
formats.

Note: If you have already entered numbers in cells and, afterwards,
changed the format of the cells to Text, the numbers remain numbers
and are not converted. Only numbers entered after you specify that
they are text, or numbers which are edited, become text.

Select the cells in which you want numbers displayed as
text.

Click Layout > Properties > Text and Cell Properties.

In the Category area, select Text.
Any numbers subsequently entered into the formatted range are interpreted
as text. The display of these "numbers" is left-justified, just as
with other text.

Inserting and Editing Comments

You can assign a comment to each cell by choosing Create - Comment. The comment is
indicated by a small red square, the comment indicator, in the cell.

When you select the cell, you can choose Show Comment from
the context menu of the cell. Doing so keeps the comment visible until
you deactivate the Show Comment command
from the same context menu.

When you attach a comment to cell, a callout appears where
you can enter your text. A small red square marks the position of
a comment in a sheet. To view the comment, rest your mouse pointer
over the cell. Or in the comment-attached cell, right click to choose
Show Comment.

To edit a comment, click in the cell containing the comment,
and then select Create - Comment .Or in
the comment-attached cell, right click to choose Edit Comment.

To set the printing options for comments in your spreadsheet,
choose File - Page Setup... , and then
click on the Sheet tab.

Renaming Sheets

The name of a sheet is independent of the name of the spreadsheet
and you can rename the sheets. The name of a sheet can consist only
of letters and numbers. Spaces are also permitted.

You enter the spreadsheet name when you save it for the first
time as a file. The document can contain up to 256 individual sheets,
which can have different names.

You cannot rename the sheets when multiple sheets are selected.

Click the name of the sheet that you want to change.

Right-click the sheet to open the context menu and select Rename
Sheet, or double-click the name of the sheet. The Rename
Sheet window displays.

Enter a new name for the sheet and click OK.

Changing Row Height
or Column Width

You can change the height of a row
by dragging it or by
specifying its dimension. What is described here for rows and row
height applies accordingly for columns and column width.

To drag the row height or column
width:

Click the area of the headers
on the separator below
the current row, keep the mouse button pressed and drag up or down
to change the row height.

Select the
optimal height by double-clicking the separator
below the row.

Specify
the row height or column width.

Click
the row number so that the row is selected.

Right-click the row number to display the context menu.
Click Layout > Row > Height or Optimal
height. The Row Height window
allows you to change the height of the current row or the selected
rows. The Optimal height window allows you to
add the height to the current height.

Using Round Numbers

By default, all decimal numbers are displayed as round
numbers to two decimal places. You can change this option for selected
cells or for a whole spreadsheet. You can also make sure that calculations
are performed using round numbers.

In the Category field, select Number.
Under Options, change the number of decimal
places and click OK.

To permanently change this option everywhere

Click File > Preferences > Symphony > Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets.

Click Calculate. Modify
the number
of decimal places displayed and click OK.

To calculate with the rounded
numbers instead of the internal,
exact values

Click File > Preferences > Symphony > Lotus Symphony
Spreadsheets.

Click Calculate.
Select Precision
as shown and click OK.

Only Copy Visible Cells

Assume you have hidden a few rows
in a cell range. Now you want to copy, delete, or format only the
remaining visible rows.

Lotus Symphony behavior depends
on how the cells were made invisible, by a filter or manually.

Table 3. Cell behavior when being copied

Method and Action

Result

Cells
were filtered by instant filters, standard filters or special filters.

Copy, delete, move, or format a
selection of currently visible cells.

Only the visible cells of the selection are
copied, deleted, moved, or formatted.

Cells
were hidden using the Hide command in the context menu of the row
or column headers, or through an outline.

Copy, delete, move, or format a
selection of currently visible cells.

All cells of the selection, including the hidden
cells, are copied, deleted, moved, or formatted.

Copying formatting with duplicate formatting in Spreadsheets

You can use the Format
Paintbrush tool to copy formatting from a text selection
in Lotus® Symphony™ Documents or from an object and apply the formatting to another text selection or object.

Select the text or object whose formatting
you want to copy.

On the toolbar, click the Duplicate
Formatting icon.

If you want to apply the formatting to more than one selection,
double-click the Duplicate
Formatting icon . After you apply all the
formatting, click the icon again.

Select or click the text or object
that you want to apply the formatting to.

To exclude paragraph formatting, hold down Ctrl when you click.
To exclude character formatting, hold down Ctrl+Shift when you click.

The following table describes the formatting
attributes that the Duplicate
Formatting can copy:

Type of Selection

Comment

Nothing selected, but cursor is inside a text passage

Copies the formatting of the current paragraph and the character
formatting of the next character in the text flow direction.

Text is selected

Copies the formatting of the last selected character and of
the paragraph that contains the character.

Frame is selected

Copies the frame attributes that are defined in Layout - Properties
- Frame Properties. The contents, size, position, linking, hyperlinks,
and macros in the frame are not copied.

Object is selected

Copies the object formatting that is defined in the Layout
- Properties - Area/Line/Text Object Properties/Graphic Properties/Control
Properties/Form Properties. The contents, size, position, hyperlinks,
and macros in the object are not copied.

Form control is selected

Not supported

Drawing object is selected

Copies all formatting attributes. In Lotus Symphony Presentations, the text contents
of the object is also copied.

Text within drawing object or within Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets cells is selected

Not supported

Lotus Symphony Documents table
or cells are selected

Copies the formatting that is specified in Table, Text Flow,
Borders, and Background tab pages in the Table - Table Properties.
The paragraph and character formatting are also copied.

Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets table
or cells are selected

Copies the formatting that is specified in the Layout - Properties
- Text and Cell Properties dialog as well as the formatting of the
cell contents

Inserting
line breaks in cells

You can insert line breaks
in spreadsheet cells and document
tables.

To insert line breaks
in spreadsheet cells, press the
Ctrl+Enter or Alt+Enter keys. This will work only with the text edit
cursor inside the cell, not at the input line. So first double-click
the cell, then single-click at the text position where you want the
line break.

To format spreadsheet cells for
automatic line wrapping,

Select the cells
for which you want an automatic line
break.

Choose Layout > Properties > Text and Cell Properties > Alignment.

Select Wrap text automatically.

To insert line breaks in document
table cells, press the
Enter key. An automatic line break will be performed
while you type across the end of each cell.

Rotating text in Spreadsheets

Select the cells
whose
text you want
to rotate.

Choose Layout - Properties - Text and Cell Properties.
You will see the Text and Cell Properties dialog.

Click the Alignment tab.

In the Text orientation area use the mouse to select
in the preview wheel the direction in which the text is to be rotated.
Click OK.

In the Text orientation area, if you select Vertically
stacked, the text is written vertically in
the direction of the characters.

Writing Multi-line
Text

To
insert
a manual line
break, press the Ctrl+Enter or Alt+Enter keys. This shortcut only
works directly in the cell, not in the input line.

If you want the text to automatically break
at the right border of the cell, proceed as follows:

Select all the cells where you want
the text to break at the right border.

Text Superscript
/ Subscript

In the cell,
select the character that
you want to put in superscript or subscript.

If, for example, you want to write H20 with
a subscript 2, select the 2 in the cell (not in the input line).

Open the context menu for the selected
character and choose Text Properties. You will see the Text Properties dialog.

Click the Font Position tab.

Select the Subscript option and click OK.

Entering Values

Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets can
simplify entering
data and values into multiple cells. You can change some settings
to conform to your preferences.

To enter
values into a range of cells manually

There
are two features that assist you when
you enter a block of data manually.

Area
detection for new rows

In the row
below a heading row, you can advance
from one cell to the next with the Tab key. After you enter the value into
the last cell in the current row, press Enter. Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets positions the
cursor below the first cell of the current block.

Area
selection

Use
drag-and-drop to select the area where you want to input values. But
start dragging from the last cell of the area and release the mouse
button when you have selected the first cell. Now you can start to
input values. Always press the Tab key to advance to the next cell. You
will not leave the selected area.

To
enter values to a range of cells automatically

Entering Formulas Using the Formula Bar

You can use the formula bar to enter formulas into your
spreadsheets. You can also enter values and formulas directly into
cells. Formulas must always begin with an equal (=) sign.

File > Preferences > Symphony > Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets > View

Click the cell in which you want to enter the formula.

Click the Function icon on the formula bar. An equal (=)
sign displays in the input line and you can begin to input the formula.

After entering the required values, press the Enter key
or click Accept to insert the result in the
active cell. If you want to clear your entry in the input line, press
the Escape key or click Cancel.

Copying Formulas

There are various ways to copy
a formula. One
suggested method is:

Select the cell containing the formula.

Choose
Edit - Copy,
or press Ctrl+C to copy
it.

Select the cell into which you want the
formula
to be copied.

Choose
Edit - Paste,
or press Ctrl+V. The
formula will be positioned in the new cell.

If you want to copy a formula
into multiple
cells, there is a quick and easy way to copy into adjacent cell
areas:

Select the cell containing the formula.

Position the mouse on the bottom right of
the
highlighted border of the cell, and continue holding down the mouse
button until the pointer changes to a cross-hair symbol.

With the mouse button pressed, drag it down
or
to the right over all the cells into which you want to copy the
formula.

When you release the mouse button, the formula
will be copied into the cells and automatically adjusted.

If you do not want values and
texts to be
automatically adjusted, then hold down the Ctrl key when dragging.
Formulas, however, are always adjusted accordingly.

Adding a calculation

You can perform a calculation using formulas. The formulas
can contain numbers or text, and other data is also possible such
as format details. The formulas also contain arithmetic operators,
logic operators or function starts.

The basic arithmetic signs (+, -, *, /) can be used in
formulas using the rule Multiplication and Division before Addition
and Subtraction. Instead of writing =SUM(A1:B1) it is better to write
=A1+B1.

Parentheses can also be used. The result of the formula
=(1+2)*3 produces a different result than =1+2*3.

It is also possible to nest function in formulas, as shown
in the example. You can also nest functions within functions. The
following example of a calculation describes a percentage calculation
that you can perform in a spreadsheet:

Position the cursor in cell A3.

Enter the number 150 and press the
Enter key. The cursor then moves down to cell A4.

Enter the number 16 in cell A4.
This time, however, press the Tab key to move the cursor to the right
to cell B4.

Enter =A3*A4/100 in cell B4. When
you start the input with an equal sign (=), you are indicating that
you want to enter a formula. The formula displays in the input line
of the formula bar. .

Press Enter to finish the formula and see the result of
the calculation (16 percent of 150) in cell B4.

Click cell A3, enter 200, and press
the Enter key. Notice that the calculation result is adjusted automatically.

Click cell B4, and then click at the end of the formula
in the input line of the formula bar. A blinking text cursor indicates
that you can make a new entry.

Add + A3 to the formula and press
the Enter key. The newly calculated value of the formula displays
in cell B4: the previous 16 percent of A3 plus the contents of A3.

Calculating With
Dates and Times

In Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets, you can perform
calculations with current date and time values. As an example, to
find out exactly how old you are in seconds or hours, follow the following
steps:

In a spreadsheet, enter
your birthday
in cell A1.

Enter the following
formula in cell
A3: =NOW()-A1

After pressing
the Enter key
you will see the result in date
format. Since the result should show the difference between two dates
as a number of days, you must format cell A3 as a number.

Place the cursor in cell A3, right-click
to open a context menu and choose Text and Cell Properties.

The Text and Cell Properties dialog appears.
On the Numbers tab,
the Number category
will appear already highlighted. The format is set to "General", which
causes the result of a calculation containing date entries to be displayed
as a date. To display the result as a number, set the number format
to "-1,234" and close the dialog with the OK button.

The number of days between today's
date and the specified date is displayed in cell A3.

Experiment with some additional formulas:
in A4 enter =A3*24 to calculate the hours, in A5 enter =A4*60 for
the minutes, and in A6 enter =A5*60 for seconds. Press the Enter key after each formula.

The time since your date of birth
will be calculated and displayed in the various units. The values
are calculated as of the exact moment when you entered the last formula
and pressed the Enter key. This value is not automatically
updated, although "Now" continuously changes. In the Tools menu, the menu item Cell Contents - Instant Calculate is normally
active; however, automatic calculation does not apply to the function
NOW. This ensures that your computer is not solely occupied with updating
the sheet.

Calculating Time Differences

You can calculate time differences using a formula in a
spreadsheet.

This example shows the steps to calculate time differences
in the same night.

Enter the time 23:30 in A2 and press
the Tab key. The cursor moves to B2.

Enter the time 01:10 in B2 and press
the Tab key. The cursor moves to C2.

Enter the formula =(B2<A2)+B2-A2 in
C2. The later time is B2 and the earlier time is A2. The result of
the example is 01:40 or 1 hour and 40 minutes. In the formula,
an entire 24-hour day has a value of 1 and one hour has a value of
1/24. The logical value in parentheses is 0 or 1, corresponding to
0 or 24 hours. The result returned by the formula is automatically
issued in time format due to the sequence of the operands.

Entering Fractions

You
can enter a fractional number in a cell and use it for calculation:

Enter "0 1/5" in a cell (without the
quotation marks) and press the input key. In the input line above
the spreadsheet you will see the value 0.2, which is used for the
calculation.

If you enter
"0 1/2" Instant Corrections
causes the three characters 1, / and 2 to be replaced by a single
character. The same applies to 1/4 and 3/4. This replacement is defined
in Tools
- Instant Corrections - Replace tab.

If
you want to see multi-digit fractions such as "1/10", you must change
the cell format to the multi-digit fraction view. Open the context
menu of the cell, and choose Text and Cell Properties. Select "Fraction"
from the Category field,
and then select "-1234 10/81". You can then enter fractions such as
12/31 or 12/32 - the fractions are, however, automatically reduced,
so that in the last example you would see 3/8.

Entering
a Number with Leading Zeros

There are various ways to enter integers
starting with a zero:

Enter the number as text. The easiest way is to
enter the number starting with an apostrophe (for example,
'0987). The apostrophe will not appear
in the cell, and the number will be formatted as text. Because it
is in text format, however, you cannot calculate with this
number.

Format a cell with a number format such as
\0000. This format can be assigned in
the
Format code field under the
Layout - Properties - Text and Cell Properties - Numbers tab, and defines
the cell display as "always put a zero first and then the integer,
having at least three places, and filled with zeros at the left if
less than three digits".

If you want to apply a numerical format to a
column of numbers in text format (for example, text "000123"
becomes number "123"), do the following:

Select the column in which the digits are found
in text format. Set the cell format in that column as "Number".

Choose
Edit - Find and Replace

In the
Search for box, enter
^[0-9]

In the
Replace with box, enter
&

Check
Regular expressions

Check
Current selection only

Click
Replace All

Applying Multiple Sheets

By default IBM Lotus
Symphony displays one
sheet A, in each new spreadsheet.

Create sheet

You
can insert either a new sheet or an existing sheet from another file
by using the Create > Sheets... command or right-clicking a sheet and select Create
Sheet....

Select multiple sheets

You can select a
sheet or multiple sheets by using Edit > Sheet > Select command,
or simply clicking target sheets with holding Shift or Ctrl.

To
select all sheets, you can also right-click a sheet and select Select
All Sheets.

The sheet tab
of the current sheet is always visible in white in front of the other
sheet tabs. The other sheet tabs are gray when they are not selected.

Remove selection

Simply clicking any sheet
tab will remove the selection of other sheets.

To remove the selection of one of the multiple
sheets, click the very sheet tab with pressing the Ctrl key. The
sheet that is currently focused on cannot be removed from the selection.

Write values simultaneously to multiple sheets

If multiple sheets are selected, all values
entered into the active sheet are automatically inserted into the
other selected sheets. For example, data entered in Sheet 1, cell
A1 is automatically entered into the same cell in Sheet 2.

Calculate function across multiple sheets

As an example, enter the formula as follows:
=MEAN(Sheet1.A1:Sheet50.A1). In the formula cell the mean is now
shown across all the A1 cells of your 50 sheets.

Hiding Data Ranges

Filters and special filters let you ensure that only certain
rows (records) of a data range are visible.

The Instant Filter
function quickly restricts the display
to data ranges with identical entries in a data field.

In the Filter window, you can also
define ranges which contain the values in particular data fields.
You can use the standard filter to connect up to three conditions
with either a logical AND or a logical OR operator.

The Special filter exceeds the three condition limitation
and allows up to a total of eight filter conditions. With special
filters you enter the conditions directly into the sheet

If you select rows for filters and
then want to delete these, before deleting you must first click all
the rows visible after the filter individually while pressing the
Ctrl key. This action ensures that only these rows are selected and
then deleted.

Filter and Sorting

Filters

Filters
allow you to display only certain records which comply with your criteria.
In spreadsheet there are three kinds of filters including instant
filter, standard filter and special filter. The criteria you can set
in standard filter is more complicated than that in instant filter.
Special filter allows you to define special criteria for filter.

Sort lists

Sort
lists allow you to type one piece of information in a cell, then drag
it to fill in a consecutive list of items. This feature provides convenience
to input a list of consecutive items in spreadsheet.

Automatically Calculating Sequence

Enter a number in a cell.

With the mouse, drag the bottom right corner of the cell
downwards.

When you release the mouse button, the cells selected
in this manner are filled with numbers. The number you entered is
increased by 1 in each case.

If you have selected two or more
adjacent cells, that contain different numbers, and you drag these
together, any recognizable arithmetic pattern of the numbers is continued.

An example: If A1 contains the number 1 and
A2 the number 3, then joint copying of the two cells by dragging
downwards causes the sequence to continue with 5, 7, 9, 11 and so
on.

First select the range in the
table that you want to fill.

In the dialog, which you can
open by choosing Edit - Fill - Sequence,
select the type of sequence. For example, select 2 as the starting
value, 2 as the increment and Growth
as the Sequence type . The result
in this case is a list of the powers of 2.

You can also automatically fill in sequence
of dates. For example, to insert the first date of each month of
the year as row headers:

Enter a date, such as "1/1/03",
into a cell (without the quotation marks).

Select this cell and the 11
cells below it.

Choose Edit
- Fill - Sequence.

In the dialog, select Month under Time unit.
Click OK.

The first day of each
month automatically appears in the selected cells.

Filtering Cell Ranges

You can use several filters to
filter cell ranges in spreadsheets. A standard filter uses the options
that you specify to filter the data. An Instant Filter filters data
according to a specific value or string. An special filter uses filter
criteria from specified cells.

To Apply a Standard Filter to a Cell Range

Click in a cell range.

Choose Data - Filter - Standard Filter.

In the Standard Filter dialog, specify the filter
options that you want.

Click OK.

The records
that match the filter options that you specified are shown.

To Apply an Instant Filter to a Cell Range

Click in a cell range.

Choose Data - Filter - Instant Filter.

An arrow button is added to the head of each
column in the range.

Click the arrow button in the column
that contains the value or string that you want to set as the filter
criteria.

Select the value or string that you
want to use as the filter criteria.

The
records that match the filter criteria that you selected are shown.

To Remove a Filter From a Cell Range

Click in a filtered cell range.

Choose Data - Filter - Show All.

Applying Sort Lists

Sort
lists allow you to type one piece of information in a cell, then
drag it
to fill in a consecutive list of items.

For
example, enter the text "Jan" or "January" in an empty cell. Select
the cell
and click the mouse on the lower right corner of the cell border.
Then drag
the selected cell a few cells to the right or downwards. When you
release
the mouse button, the highlighted cells will be filled with
the names of the months.

The predefined series
can be found under File - Preferences - Symphony
- Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets -
Sort Lists .
You can also create your own lists tailored to your needs, such as
a list
of your company's branch offices. When you use the information in
these
lists later (for example, as headings), just enter the first name
in the list
and expand the entry by dragging it with your mouse.

Applying Instant Filter

The Instant Filter function inserts a combo box
on one or more data columns that lets you select the records (rows)
to be displayed.

Select the columns you want to use
Instant Filter on.

Choose Data - Filter - Instant Filter. The combo
box arrows are visible in the first row of the range selected.

Run the filter by clicking the drop-down
arrow in the column heading and choosing an item.

Only those rows whose contents meet the filter
criteria are displayed. The other rows are filtered. You can see if
rows have been filtered from the discontinuous row numbers. The column
that has been used for the filter is identified by a different color
for the arrow button.

You can instantly sort the data by selecting -Sort Ascending- or -Sort Descending- in the Instant Filter combo box. The -Sort Ascending- or -Sort Descending- operation has effect on all the data in the
column, but only the filtered data is displayed.

When you select a filter option in another
column of a filtered data range, the other combo box list only the
filtered data.

To display all records
again, select the -(All)- entry in the Instant Filter combo
box. If you choose -(Standard Filter...)-, the Standard Filter dialog appears, allowing you
to set up a standard filter. Choose -(Top 10)- to display the highest 10 values
only.

To stop using Instant Filter,
reselect all cells selected in step 1 and once again choose Data - Filter - Instant Filter.

To assign different instant filters to different sheets, you
must first define a range on each sheet.

The arithmetic functions also take account of the cells that
are not visible due to an applied filter. For example, a sum of an
entire column will also total the values in the filtered cells. Apply
the SUBTOTAL function if only the cells visible after the application
of a filter are to be taken into account.

Applying Special Filters

If the data you want to filter requires complex criteria
you can use the special filter. Defines a filter that can combine
up to eight different filter criteria.

Copy the column headers of the sheet ranges to be filtered
into an empty area of the sheet, and then enter the criteria for
the filter in a row beneath the headers. Horizontally arranged data
in a row is logically connected with AND, and vertically arranged
data in a column is logically connected with OR. Please refer to the
following example for instructions.

Create a table contains 3 columns, the headers are City,
Population and Average Salary. 3 rows in the table, Bei Jing, Tokyo
and Shang Hai. Refer to the following table:

Table 4. Sample table

City

Population

Average Salary

Bei Jing

17400000

5000

Toyko

10000000

7000

Shang Hai

19000000

6000

Copy the column headers into an empty area of the sheet,
they are column City, Population and Average Salary.

To filter the city name, e.g. target cities are in China,
input ="Bei Jing" in one row beneath City, press the accept button
on the formula toolbar. Input "=Shang Hai" in another row beneath
City, press the accept button on the formula toolbar.

To filter the city whose population is greater than
15,000,000 and Average Salary is less than 5000 RMB, input ">15,000,000"
in one row beneath Population, press the accept button on the formula
toolbar. Input ">5000" in the same row of ">15,000,000" and different
column, press the accept button on the formula toolbar.

After you have created a filter matrix, select the sheet
ranges to be filtered. Click Data > Filter > Special Filter, and define the filter conditions.

Click OK, and only the rows from
the original sheet whose contents have met the search criteria are
still visible. All other rows are hidden until you click Layout > Row > Show .

If you want a name to be automatically
recognized by Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets,
the name must
start with a letter and be composed of alphanumeric characters. If
you enter the name in the formula yourself, enclose the name in single
quotation marks ('). If a single quotation mark appears in a name,
you must enter a backslash in front of the quotation mark, for example,
'Harry\'s
Bar'.

Using Drag
and Drop to Create Cells References

With the help
of the Navigator, you can reference cells
from one sheet to another sheet in the same spreadsheet. The cells
can be inserted as a copy, link or hyperlink. The range to be inserted
must be defined with a name in the original file so that it can be
inserted in the target file.

Open the spreadsheet
that contains the source cells.

To set the
source range as the range, select the cells
and click Create > Name > Define. Save the source document,
and do not close it.

Open the sheet in which
you want to insert something.

Open the Navigator
by clicking View > Navigator.

Click plus(+) in front of Range
names and
select the source object.

Right-click and select Drag
Mode.
Then select the type of the reference that you want, a hyperlink,
link, or copy.

Drag the selected source object
into the cell of the current
sheet where you want to insert the reference.

Addresses
and References, Absolute and Relative

Relative Addressing

The cell in column A, row 1 is addressed as
A1. You can address a range of adjacent cells by first entering the
coordinates of the upper left cell of the area, then a colon
followed by the coordinates of the lower right cell. For example,
the square formed by the first four cells in the upper left corner
is addressed as A1:B2.

By addressing
an area in this way, you are
making a relative reference to A1:B2. Relative here means that the
reference to this area will be adjusted automatically when you copy
the formulas.

Absolute Addressing

Absolute references are the opposite of
relative addressing. A dollar sign is placed before each letter and
number in an absolute reference, for example, $A$1:$B$2.

Lotus Symphony can
convert the current reference, in which the cursor
is positioned in the input line, from relative to absolute and vice
versa by pressing Shift +F4. If you start with a relative address
such as A1, the first time you press this key combination, both row
and column are set to absolute references ($A$1). The second time,
only the row (A$1), and the third time, only the column ($A1). If
you press the key combination once more, both column and row
references are switched back to relative (A1)

Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets shows
the references to a formula.
If, for example you click the formula =SUM(A1:C5;D15:D24) in a
cell, the two referenced areas in the sheet will be highlighted in
color. For example, the formula component "A1:C5" may be in blue
and the cell range in question bordered in the same shade of blue.
The next formula component "D15:D24" can be marked in red in the
same way.

When to Use Relative and Absolute
References

What distinguishes a
relative reference?
Assume you want to calculate in cell E1 the sum of the cells in
range A1:B2. The formula to enter into E1 would be: =SUM(A1:B2). If
you later decide to insert a new column in front of column A, the
elements you want to add would then be in B1:C2 and the formula
would be in F1, not in E1. After inserting the new column, you
would therefore have to check and correct all formulas in the
sheet, and possibly in other sheets.

Fortunately, Lotus Symphony does this work for
you.
After having inserted a new column A, the formula =SUM(A1:B2) will
be automatically updated to =SUM(B1:C2). Row numbers will also be
automatically adjusted when a new row 1 is inserted. Absolute and
relative references are always adjusted in Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets whenever the
referenced area is moved. But be careful if you are copying a
formula since in that case only the relative references will be
adjusted, not the absolute references.

Absolute
references are used when a
calculation refers to one specific cell in your sheet. If a formula
that refers to exactly this cell is copied relatively to a cell
below the original cell, the reference will also be moved down if
you did not define the cell coordinates as absolute.

Aside from when new rows and columns are
inserted, references can also change when an existing formula
referring to particular cells is copied to another area of the
sheet. Assume you entered the formula =SUM(A1:A9) in row 10. If you
want to calculate the sum for the adjacent column to the right,
simply copy this formula to the cell to the right. The copy of the
formula in column B will be automatically adjusted to
=SUM(B1:B9).

Referencing URLs

Open a new, empty spreadsheet.

By way of example, enter the following
items
in cell A1 of Sheet1:

=Sheet2.A1

Click the Sheet
2 tab
at the bottom of the spreadsheet. Set the cursor in cell A1 there
and enter
text or a number.

If you switch back to Sheet1, you will
see the
same content in cell A1 there. If the contents of Sheet2.A1 change,
then
the contents of Sheet1.A1 also change.

Entering Matrix
Formulas

The following
is an example of how you can
enter a matrix formula, without going into the details of matrix
functions.

Assume you have entered 10
numbers in Columns
A and B (A1:A10 and B1:B10), and would like to calculate the sum of
each row in Column C.

Using the mouse, select the range C1:C10,
in
which the results are to be displayed.

Press F2, or click in the input line of
the
Formula bar.

Enter an equal sign (=).

Select the range A1:A10, which contains
the
first values for the sum formula.

Press the (+) key from the numerical
keypad.

Select the numbers in the second column
in
cells B1:B10.

End the input with the matrix key combination:
Shift+Ctrl+Enter.

The matrix area is automatically
protected
against modifications, such as deleting rows or columns. It is,
however, possible to edit any formatting, such as the cell
background.

Summarizing large amounts of data using DataPilot

A DataPilot table is an interactive table that provides
a summary of large amounts of data. It automatically extracts, organizes,
and summarizes your data. You can then rearrange the DataPilot table
to view different summaries of the data. For example, you can make
comparisons, analyze data relationships or analyze trends.

Working with a DataPilot table

To create a DataPilot table, you need select the data source
and choose the place to place the result. After you get an empty DataPilot
table, you can define the table structure you want and select different
functions to calculate the result. You can also calculate the subtotal,
sort for different fields easily.

Selecting Data Source and placing the result

When you create a DataPilot table, you can select the source
data and define where to place the result.

To select the data source and place the result in the area
that you want, complete the following steps:

Before filling values in an empty DataPilot table, you must
understand the concept of DataPilot areas.

Table 5. DataPilot
areas

Area

Definition

Page

The area that contains the source data that
you assign to a page (or filter) orientation in a DataPilot table.
Use a page area to filter the entire report based on the selected
item in the DataPilot table.

Column

The area that contains the source data that
you assign to a column orientation in a DataPilot table.

Row

The area that contains the source data that
you assign to a row orientation in a DataPilot table.

Data

Use a data area to display a summary of numeric
data.

Defining the fields in a DataPilot table

You can define the DataPilot table structure to display
and analyze the data in a format that you want.

To define the DataPilot structure, complete the following
steps:

To assign the fields to different areas, do one of the
following:

You can drag and drop the fields to page, row, column
or data area to define the DataPilot table structure.

Click the arrow on the field button on the DataPilot
panel and then select the appropriate item: Add to Page, Add
to Column, Add to Rows or Add
to Data by to place the field in a specific area.

Note: If you use drag and drop to assign fields to the data
area, the function is set to a default type. If you click Add
to Data by to assign fields, you need specify the functions
on the sub menu.

To remove the fields from an area, there are multiple ways
to do it, such as:

Click the arrow on the field button on the
DataPilot panel and select Remove from Areas.

Selecting the function and the display value

You can select the function and the display value that
you want to apply to the data area of a DataPilot table.

The function is determined by the data source, if the data
source is a number, then the field option is set to the Sum function
by default. If the data source is text or a date, the field option
is set to the Count function by default. The display value determines
the calculation type you want to use.

Select a DataPilot table.

Click the arrow on the field button or right-click the
field name in the data area on the DataPilot panel, and then select Field
Option.

Click one of the tabs on Data Field Option and
select the appropriate option:

Function – Select the function that
you want to apply to the data field.

Display Value:

Display the data value as: For each data
field, you can select the type of display. For some types you can
select additional information for a base field and a base item.

Base field – Select the field from which
the respective value is taken as base for the calculation.

Base item – Select the item of the base
field from which the respective value is taken as base for the calculation.

Click OK.

Using the field option

You can set the field display name, calculate subtotals,
and sort the values of page, column, or row areas in a DataPilot table
by setting the field option. The current field name is displayed in
the title of the window.

Select a DataPilot table.

In the DataPilot panel, click the
arrow on the field button in one of the areas: Page, Column and Row.
Select Field Option, and then the Field
Option window displays. You can also click to open the Field Option dialog box.

Optional: Put the cursor in the DataPilot table,
right-click Page, Column,
or Row, and select Field Option.

Click Field tab and specify the
field display name in the Display name field.
The display name is shown on the DataPilot table and areas in the
DataPilot panel. Select Show items without data if
you want the DataPilot table to include the empty columns and rows
in the result table.

Note: The display name cannot be duplicated.
If you enter the display name which already exists, a message box
opens and you must enter a new name.

Click Subtotals tab and select the
appropriate subtotals option:

Never – Does not calculate subtotals.

Automatically – Automatically calculates
subtotals.

Manually – Select this option, and
then specify the functions to calculate in the list.

Using Function – Click the functions
to calculate subtotals. This option is only available when the Manually option
is selected.

Click Sort tab and select the appropriate
sort option:

Manually (Select items in the table and drag to
organize them) – Sorts items manually by letting you drag
them in the table. Use Ctrl+Click to select a single item to drag.

Ascending – Automatically sorts the
values from the lowest value to the highest value.

Descending – Automatically sorts the
values from the highest value to the lowest value.

Using Field – Select the field to sort.

Click OK.

Updating changes from DataPilot panel to table

The changes are automatically applied to the DataPilot
table by default. But when you have a large amount of data, it is
recommended to manually update the changes from the DataPilot panel
to the DataPilot table.

To update the changes manually:

Clear the Automatically Update check
box and then click Update.

Changing the order of fields by moving fields within one area

To change the field order in the DataPilot table, you can
move the fields within one area.

Complete one of the following:

Click the button on field name in one of the areas, and
then select one of the following options:

Move up – Moves the field up one position
in the area.

Move down – Moves the field down position
in the area.

Drag one field and drop it to other places in the same
area.

Removing fields

You can remove the DataPilot fields to define your desired
data structure in DataPilot table.

Remove the fields from an area by doing one of the following:

Click the button on one of the fields or right-click one
of the fields, and select Remove from Areas.

Hiding the selected items

Right click the cell in the row or column field that you
want to hide, on the context menu, select Hide selected
items. The row or column is hidden.

To show the hidden items, click the arrow beside the row
or column, on the filter window, select the check boxes you want.

Using the DataPilot filter

You can use the DataPilot filter to display rows that meet
conditions that you set in a DataPilot table.

Displaying a subset of data by using page fields

If you have included a page field in the DataPilot table,
you can select different pages to display the corresponding subset
of data in the DataPilot table.

To select different pages, perform the following steps:

In the DataPilot table, click the page filter button on
the top. A new drop-down list displayed

In the drop-down list, click one item. Only
the rows that meet your selected criteria display.

Displaying or hiding items in a row or column

You can show or hide items in a row or column of a DataPilot
table.

To display or hide items in a row or column in a DataPilot
table, perform the following steps:

Click the arrow beside a field button in the DataPilot
table, and then a new window displays.

In the new window, select or clear the checkbox you want. Only the rows which meet the criteria you set are displayed.

To hide selected items in a DataPilot table, right-click
the cell hat you want to hide in the DataPilot table and select Hide
selected items.

To show the hidden items, click the arrow beside the row
or column in the DataPilot table to open the filter window.
In the filter window, and select the check boxes that you want.

Using the data source filter

If you want to filter the DataPilot table with complex
conditions, use the data source filter.

To use the data source filter, perform the following steps:

Click Data > DataPilot > Filter, the Filter window
displays.

Select one of the logical operators AND / OR for the operator.

Specify the field names from the current table to set them
in the argument for field names.

Specifies the comparative operators through which the entries
in the Field name and Value fields
can be linked for the condition.

Specify a value to filter the field.

Click OK. Only the rows that meet your criteria are displayed.

Displaying the top items in a field

You can display the top or bottom number of items in a
field.

To display a certain number of items in a field, perform
the following steps:

Click the arrow beside a field in the DataPilot table and
a new filter window displays.

Click Top n in the window, then
another new window displays.

Select Only display the top n items.

Set the number of items you want to display in Show area.

Select Top or Bottom.

Select one field in Using Field.

Click OK. Only
the rows that meet the criteria are displayed.

Manipulating DataPilot tables

You can customize the layout and structure of a DataPilot
table to show the data in the format that you want. You can also manipulate
the DataPilot table, such as resize, sort, filter the data and so
on.

Rearranging fields

You can rearrange fields to put them in different areas
or you can move fields to different position within one area.

To arrange the fields, do one of the following tasks:

Assign fields to different areas by clicking the arrow on
the field button in one of the areas on the DataPilot panel, and then
selecting one of the following options:

Move to Page – Moves the field to a page
area.

Move to Column – Moves the field to a column
area.

Move to row – Moves the field to a row
area.

Move to Data by – Moves the field to the
data area and selects the appropriate formula that is used to calculate
the data.

Move the fields within one area by clicking the arrow on the
field button in one of the areas on the DataPilot panel, and then
selecting one of the following options:

Move up – Moves the field up one position
in the area.

Move down – Moves the field down position
in the area.

Note: Drag and drop the field is a simple way to arrange
the fields too.

Displaying source data

You can see the related source data displayed on a new
sheet by double-clicking one of the cells in the DataPilot table.

To open the new sheet containing the related source data
in the DataPilot table, perform the following steps:

Select a DataPilot table.

Right-click the DataPilot table, and select DataPilot
Table Option.

Select Enable drill to details and
click OK.

Double click one of the cell in different area, there are
different output.

Double click a cell in a row or column, and the subtotal
for the same category is displayed. Other rows or columns are hidden
in the DataPilot table.

Double-click the cell in a data area and a new sheet
is created before the current DataPilot table. This sheet contains
the related source data. If you are using a filter in the DataPilot
table, the detailed data in the new sheet does not include the data
that is excluded by the filter rule.

Resizing the column widths automatically

The size of the columns in a DataPilot table can be changed
automatically when you update the contents of the table.

The column width is automatically resized to fit the
width of the contents when data is changed in the DataPilot table.
Actions that impact the column width include changing the DataPilot
table layout by adding, moving, or removing fields, changing the filter
rule to change the display range or changing the text length in the
source data.

Setting DataPilot table properties

You can set properties of a DataPilot table to ignore empty
rows, identify categories and calculate grand totals.

Click Data > DataPilot.

On the DataPilot menu, select DataPilot
Table Option. In the window, select one of the following
options:

Ignore empty rows – Ignores empty fields
in the data source.

Identify categories – Automatically
assigns an empty row with the values from the preceding row.

Total columns – Calculates and displays
the grand total of the column calculation.

Total rows – Calculates and displays
the grand total of the row calculation.

Enable drill to details – Double click
cells of row or column in DataPilot table, some data can be displayed
or hidden with this option enabled. Double click cells of data area
in DataPilot table, a new sheet which contains the related source
data is created with this option enabled.

Autoresize column width when update –
DataPilot table column width is auto-resized to fit the width of the
contents when data changed in the DataPilot table with this option
enabled.

Sorting DataPilot tables

You can sort the DataPilot table in ascending, descending,
or a self-defined order.

To sort the data in the DataPilot table, complete the following
steps.

Click the arrow on the field button in a page, row, or
column area on the DataPilot panel.

On the menu, select Field Option.

In the Field Option window, click
the Sort tab.

Select Ascending, Descending,
or Manually.

Select one of the fields in Using field,
and click OK.

If you selected to manually sort, drag the field and the
position that you want or cut and paste to organize the order.

Optional: Click in the DataPilot panel to sort the DataPilot
table in ascending order; click to sort in descending order.

Retrieving and refreshing the data

You can have the DataPilot table retrieve the new data
to display when the data source changes. If multiple DataPilot tables
share the same range of data source, then they are using the same
DataPilot cache. When one table is refreshed, the other tables are
refreshed at the same time

To refresh the DataPilot table, perform the following step:

Right-click one of the cells in the DataPilot table and
select Refresh Data. The DataPilot
table is refreshed with the latest data source.

Optional: Click in the DataPilot panel
to refresh the DataPilot table.

Using Variables in Equations

Using variables in equations, you can calculate
a value that, as part of a formula, leads to the result you specify
for the formula. You thus define the formula with several fixed values
and one variable value and the result of the formula.

You can
define a formula with several
fixed values and
one variable value and calculate the result of the formula. For example,
to calculate annual interest, create a table with the values for
the capital (C), number of years (n), and interest rate (i). The
formula is: I = C * n* i / 100.

You can also enter the formula
using the variable names as entered in the headings cells:

=
'Capital (C)' * 'Years (n)' * 'Interest rate (i)' / 100.

Each
name must be spelled in the formula exactly
as it is seen in the cell, and the name must be enclosed in single
quotes.

In this
example, the investment capital of $150,000 and
an interest rate of 7.5% is calculated to result in annual interest
income of $11,250. The cells are formatted after calculation.

Place the cursor in cell E5, and click Tools > Solve Equations. The correct cell is already entered
in the field Formula Cell.

Click Variable
Cell. In the sheet, click the cell (A5)
that contains the value to be changed.

Enter
the expected result of the formula in the Target
Value field. In this example, the value is 15,000. Click OK.

A window opens and the result is indicated. Click
Yes to
enter the result in cell A5.

Applying Multiple
Operations

Multiple Operations in Columns or Rows

The Data - Multiple Operations command provides
a planning tool for "what if" questions.In your spreadsheet, you enter
a formula to calculate a result from values that are stored in other
cells. Then, you set up a cell range where you enter some fixed values,
and the Multiple Operations command will calculate the results depending
on the formula.

In the Formula field, enter the cell reference to
the formula that applies to the data range. In the Column input cell/Row input cell field, enter
the cell reference to the corresponding cell that is part of the formula.

Multiple Operations Across Rows and Columns

Lotus Symphony allows you to carry
out joint multiple operations for columns and rows in so-called cross-tables.
The formula cell has to refer to both the data range arranged in rows
and the one arranged in columns. Select the range defined by both
data ranges and call the multiple operation dialog. Enter the reference
to the formula in the Formula field. The Row input cell and the Column input cell fields are used to enter
the reference to the corresponding cells of the formula.

Validity of Cell Contents

For each cell, you can define
entries to be valid. Invalid entries to a cell are rejected.

The validity rule is activated when a new value is entered.
If an invalid value has already been inserted into the cell, or if
you insert a value in the cell either with drag-and-drop or by copying
and pasting, the validity rule does not take effect.

You can choose Tools - Detective at any time and choose the
command Mark Invalid Data to display which
cells contain invalid values.

Using Cell Contents Validity

Select the cells for which you want
to define a new validity rule.

Select Data > Validity.

On the Criteria tab
page, enter the conditions for new values to be entered into cells.

In the Allow field,
select an option.

If you select Whole
numbers, values such as "12.5" are not allowed. Choosing Date allows
date information both in the local date format as well as in the form
of a serial
date. Similarly, the Time condition
permits time values such as "12:00" or serial time numbers. Text
length stipulates that cells are allowed to contain text
only.

Specify the allowed values. Select
condition in the Data field. Enter the value
allowed in the Value field.

If you select Cell
range in the Allow field, enter
a cell range such as "A1:B2" in the Source field.
Or you can click the Shrink button to temporarily
hide the tab page. Select a cell range in the sheet. Then click the Maximum button to
go back to the Criteria tab page. The selected
cell range is in the Source field.

If
you select List in the Allow field,
enter numbers or strings in the Entries field.
Strings and numbers can be mixed. Numbers evaluate to their value,
so if you enter the number 1 in the list, the entry 100% is also valid.

On the Input Help tab
page, enter the title and the text of the tip, which will then be
displayed if the cell is selected.

On the Error Alert tab
page, select the action to be carried out in the event of an error.

If you select Stop as
the action, invalid entries are not accepted, and the previous cell
contents are retained.

Select Warning or Information to
display a dialog in which the entry can either be canceled or accepted.

If you select Macro,
then by using the Browse button you can specify
a macro to be run in the event of an error.

After changing the action for a cell on the Error Alert tab page and closing the dialog
with OK, you must first select another cell before the change takes
effect.

Using Scenarios

A Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets scenario is a set
of cell values that can be used within your calculations. You assign
a name to every scenario on your sheet. Define several scenarios on
the same sheet, each with some different values in the cells. Then
you can easily switch the sets of cell values by their name and immediately
observe the results. Scenarios are a tool to test out "scenario" questions.

Creating Your Own Scenarios

To create a scenario, select all the cells
that provide the data for the scenario.

Select the cells that contain the values
that will change between scenarios. To select multiple cells, hold
down the Ctrl key
as you click each cell.

Choose Tools - Scenarios. The Create Scenario dialog appears.

Enter a name for the new scenario and
leave the other fields unchanged with their default values. Close
the dialog with OK. Your new scenario is automatically activated.

Using Scenarios

Scenarios
can be selected in the Navigator:

Press F5 to open the Navigator.

Click the Scenarios icon in
the Navigator.

In the Navigator, you see the defined
scenarios with the comments that were entered when the scenarios were
created.

Double-click a scenario name in the
Navigator to apply that scenario to the current sheet.

To delete a scenario, right-click
the name in the Navigator and choose Delete.

To edit a scenario, right-click the
name in the Navigator and choose Properties.

To hide the border of a set of cells
that are part of a scenario, open the Properties dialog for each scenario that affects
the cells and clear the Display border checkbox. Hiding the border
also removes the listbox on the sheet where you can choose the scenarios.

If you want to know which values in the scenario affect other
values, choose Tools
- Detective - Trace Dependents. You see arrows to the cells that
are directly dependent on the current cell.

Printing spreadsheets

You can print spreadsheets in IBM Lotus Symphony. This section provides you with
some instructions.

Defining Print
Ranges on a Sheet

You can define which range of
cells on a spreadsheet to print.

The
cells on the sheet that are not part of the defined print range are
not printed or exported.

To Define a
Print Range

Select the
cells that you want to
print.

Choose File > Print Ranges > Define.

To Add Cells to a Print Range

Select the cells that you want to
add to the existing print range.

Choose
File > Print Ranges > Add.

To Clear a
Print Range

Choose File > Print Ranges > Remove.

Using the Page Break Preview to Edit Print Ranges

In the Page Break Preview, print ranges as well as
page break regions are outlined by a blue border and contain a centered
page number in gray. Nonprinting areas have a gray background.

To define a new page break region, drag the
border to a new location. When you define a new page break region,
an automatic page break is replaced by a manual page break.

To View and Edit Print Ranges

Choose View - Page Break Preview.

To change the default zoom factor of
the Page
Break Preview, double click the percentage
value on the Status bar,
and select a new zoom factor.

Edit the print range.

To change the size of a print range, drag
a border of the range to a new location.

To delete a manual page break that is contained in a print
range, drag the border of the page break outside of the print range.

To clear a print range, drag a border of the
range onto the opposite border of the range.

To exit the Page Break Preview, choose View - Normal.

Printing Sheet Details

When printing a sheet you can
select which details are to be printed:

Row and column headers

Sheet grid

Comments

Objects and graphics

Charts

Drawing objects

Formulas

To choose the details proceed as follows:

Select the sheet you want to print.

Choose Layout - Properties - Page Properties.

The command is not visible if the sheet was
opened with write protection on. In that case, click the Edit File icon on the toolbar.

Select the Sheet tab. In the Print area mark the details to be printed
and click OK.

Print the document.

Defining Number of Pages for Printing a Speadsheet

If a sheet is too large for a
single printed page, Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets will print the current sheet evenly divided over several pages.
Since the automatic page break does not always take place in the optimal
position, you can define the page distribution yourself.

Go to the sheet to be printed.

Choose View - Page Break Preview.

You will see the automatic distribution
of the sheet across the print pages. The automatically created print
ranges are indicated by dark blue lines, and the user-defined ones
by light blue lines. The page breaks (line breaks and column breaks)
are marked as black lines.

You can move the blue lines with the
mouse. You will find further options in the Context menu, including
adding an additional print range, removing the scaling and inserting
additional manual line and column breaks.

Printing Sheets in
Landscape Format

In order to print a sheet
you have a number of
interactive options available under
View - Page
Break Preview. Drag the
delimiter lines to define the range of printed cells on each
page.

To print in landscape format,
proceed as
follows:

Go to the sheet to be printed.

Choose
Layout -
Properties - Page Properties.

The command is not visible if the sheet
has
been opened with write protection on. In that case, click the
Edit File icon
on the
toolbar.

Select the
Page tab.
Select the
Landscape paper
format and click OK.

Choose
File - Print.
You will see the
Print dialog.

Depending on the printer driver and the
operating system, it may be necessary to click the
Properties button
and to change your
printer to landscape format there.

In the
Print dialog
under the
Print heading,
select the sheets to be
printed:

All sheets -
All sheets will be
printed.

Selected
sheets - Only the selected
sheets will be printed. All sheets whose names (at the bottom on
the sheet tabs) are selected will be printed. By pressing Ctrl
while clicking a sheet name you can change this selection.

Selected
cells - All selected cells are
printed.

In the
Print dialog
under the
Print range heading,
from all the paper
pages that result from the above selection, you can select the
range of paper pages to be printed:

All pages -
Print all resulting
pages.

Pages -
Enter the pages to be printed.
The pages will also be numbered from the first sheet onwards. If
you see in the Page Break Preview that Sheet1 will be printed on 4
pages and you want to print the first two pages of Sheet2, enter
5-6 here.

If under
Layout -
Print ranges you have defined
one or more print ranges, only the contents of these print ranges
will be printed.

Printing Rows or
Columns on Every Page

If you have a sheet that is so large that
it
will be printed multiple pages, you can set up rows or columns to
repeat on each printed page.

As an example,
If you want to print the top
two rows of the sheet as well as the first column (A)on all pages,
do the following:

Applying a Background Color to a Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets Spreadsheet

Graphics in the Background of Cells

Choose Create - Graphic from File.

Select the graphic and click Open.

The graphic
is inserted anchored to the current cell. You can move and scale the
graphic as you want. In your context menu you can use the Arrange - To Background command to place this
in the background. To select a graphic that has been placed in the
background, use the Navigator.

Opening and Saving
Text CSV Files

Comma Separated Values (CSV) is
text file format that you can use to exchange data from a spreadsheet
between applications. Each line in a Text CSV file represents a row
in a spreadsheet. Each cell in a spreadsheet row is usually
separated by a comma. However, you can use other characters to delimit
a field, such as a tabulator character.

If
the content of a field or cell contains a comma, the contents of the
field or cell must be
enclosed by single quotes (') or double quotes (").

To Open a Text CSV File in Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets

Choose File - Open.

Locate the CSV file that you want
to open.

If the file has a *.csv extension,
select the file.

If the CSV file has
another extension, select the file, and then select "Text CSV" in
the File
type box

Click Open.

The Text Import dialog opens.

Specify the options to divide the
text in the file into columns.

You
can preview the layout of the imported data at the bottom of the Text Import dialog.

Right-click a column in the preview to set
the format or to hide the column.

If the CSV file uses a text delimiter
character that is not
listed in the Text
delimiter box, click in the box, and type the character.

Click OK.

To
Save a Sheet as a Text CSV File

When you export a spreadsheet
to CSV format, only the data
on the current sheet is saved. All other information, including formulas
and formatting, is lost.

Open the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets sheet that you
want to save as a Text CSV file.

Only the current sheet can be
exported.

Choose File - Save as.

In the File name box, enter a name for the file.

In the File type box, select "Text CSV".

(Optional) Set the field options for
the Text CSV file.

Select Edit filter settings.

In the Export of text files dialog, select the options
that you want.

Click OK.

Click
Save.

Importing and Exporting
CSV Text Files with Formulas

Comma separated
values (CSV) files are text
files that contain the cell contents of a single sheet. Commas,
semicolons, or other characters can be used as the field delimiters
between the cells. Text strings are put in quotation marks, numbers
are written without quotation marks.

Importing
a CSV File

Choose
File - Open.

In the
File type field, select the format "Text
CSV". Select the file and click
Open. When a file has the .csv extension,
the file type is automatically recognized.

You will see the
Import text files dialog. Click
OK.

If the csv file contains formulas, but you want to
import the
results of those formulas, then choose
File - Preferences - Symphony - Lotus Symphony
Spreadsheets - View and
clear the
Formulas check box.

Exporting Formulas and
Values as CSV Files

Click the sheet to be written as a csv
file.

If you want to export the formulas as formulas,
for example, in the form =SUM(A1:B5), proceed as follows:

If you want to export the calculation results
instead of the formulas, do not mark
Formulas.

Choose
File - Save as. You will see the
Save as dialog.

In the
File type field select the format "Text
CSV".

Enter a name and click
Save.

From the
Export of text files dialog that appears,
select the character set and the field and text delimiters for the
data to be exported, and confirm with
OK.

Caution: If the numbers use commas as decimal
separators or thousands separators, do not select the comma as the
field delimiter. If the text contains double quotation marks, you
must select the single quotation mark as separator.

If necessary, after you have saved, clear
the
Formulas check box to see the calculated
results in the table again.

Saving Spreadsheets in other formats

Choose
File - Save
as. You will see the
Save as dialog.

In the
Save as
type or
File type list
box, select the desired
format.

Enter a name in the
File name box
and click
Save.

If you want the file dialogs
to offer another
file format as default, select that format in
File - Preferences
- Symphony - Load and Save - General in
the
Standard
file format area.

Saving documents in other formats

Choose
File - Save
as. You will see the
Save as dialog.

In the
Save as
type or
File type list
box, select the desired
format.

Enter a name in the
File name box
and click
Save.

If you want the file dialogs
to offer another
file format as default, select that format in
File - Preferences
- Symphony - Load and Save - General in
the
Standard
file format area.

Common formatting methods in spreadsheets

This section describes the methods of formatting text,
numbers, cells, rows, columns and instant corrections in a spreadsheet.

Formatting a spreadsheet

Formatting Text in a Spreadsheet

Select the text you want to format.

Choose the desired text attributes
from the Toolbar.
You can also choose Layout > Properties > Text and Cell Properties. The Text and Cell Properties window will appear
in which you can choose various text attributes on the Font
and Effects tab page.

Formatting Numbers in a Spreadsheet

Select the cells containing the numbers
you want to format.

To format numbers in the default numbering
format, use the icons on the Toolbar. You can also choose Layout > Properties > Text and Cell Properties to open
the Text and Cell Properties window. You can
choose from the preset formats or define your own on the Numbers tab page.

Formatting Borders and Backgrounds for Cells

Select the cells that you want to format. For multiple selection,
hold down the Ctrl key when clicking.

Formatting A Sheet

To apply formatting attributes to an
entire sheet, choose Layout > Properties > Page Properties. You can define
headers and footers, borders and background, and other page properties
in the Page Properties window.

An image that you have loaded with Layout - Properties - Page Properties - Background is
only visible in print or in the print preview. To display a background
image on screen as well, insert the graphic image by choosing Create - Graphic from File and arrange
the image behind the cells by choosing Layout - Arrange - To Background. Use
the Navigator to
select the background image.

Freezing rows or columns as Headers

If you have long rows or columns of data that require scrolling,
you can lock a row or column as a heading to display as you scroll
through the rest of the data.

Select the row below or the column to the right of the
row or column that you want to freeze.

To freeze horizontally, select the row below the row that
you want to freeze.

To freeze vertically, select the column to the right of the
column that you want to freeze.

To freeze both horizontally and vertically, select the cell
that is below the row and to the right of the column that you want
to freeze.

The
cell number format is defined
in two parts. The format for positive numbers and zero is defined
in front of the semicolon; after the semicolon the formula for negative
numbers is defined. You can change the code (RED) under Format code. For example, instead of "RED,"
enter "YELLOW". If the new code appears in the list after clicking
the Add icon,
this is a valid entry.

Cells in
Currency Format

In Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets you can give numbers
any currency format. When you click the Currency icon in the toolbar to format a number, the cell is given the
default currency format set under File - Preferences - Language Settings - Languages.

Exchanging of Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets documents can lead
to misunderstandings, if your Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets document is loaded
by a user who uses a different default currency format.

In Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets you can define
that a number that you have formatted as "1,234.50" still remains
in euros in another country and does not become dollars.

You can change the currency format in the
Format
Cells dialog (choose Layout - Properties - Text and Cell Properties
- Numbers tab) by two country settings. In the Language combo box select the basic setting
for currency symbol, decimal and thousands separators. In the Format list box you can select possible variations
from the default format for the language.

For example, if the language is set
to "Default" and you are using a German locale setting, the currency
format will be "1.234,00 €". A point is used before the thousand digits
and a comma before the decimal places. If you now select the subordinate
currency format "$ English (US)" from the Format list box , you will get the following
format: "$ 1.234,00". As you can see, the separators have remained
the same. Only the currency symbol has been changed and converted,
but the underlying format of the notation remains the same as in the
locale setting.

If, under
Language,
you convert the cells to "English
(US)", the English-language locale setting is also transferred and
the default currency format is now "$ 1,234.00".

To adjust a word from the instant corrections list, take
the following steps:

Click Tools > Instant
Corrections.

Take one of the following actions:

To remove a word from the instant corrections list, click
the Replace tab. And then select the word
pair that you want to remove, and click Delete.

To stop replacing quotation marks as you type, click the Custom
Quotes tab and clear the Replace check
box.

To stop capitalizing the first letter of a sentence, click
the Options tab and clear the Capitalize
first letter of every sentence check box under Instant
correct options or Instantly correct while
typing.

To stop drawing a line after you type three identical special
characters and press Enter, click the Options tab
and clear the Apply border check box under Instantly
correct while typing.

Moving rows and columns by dragging

In spreadsheets, you can move rows and columns by dragging
the cell header bar.

To move rows and columns, follow these steps:

Click the header of the rows or columns that you want to
move to select them.

Drag the selected rows or columns to the position where
you want, and then release the mouse.

Applying Automatic
Formatting to a Selected Cell Range

You
can use the Instant Formatting feature to quickly
apply a format to a sheet or a selected cell range.

To apply an Instant Formatting to a sheet or selected
cell range

Select the cells, including the column
and row
headers, that you want to format.

Choose
Layout
- Instant Formatting.

To select which properties to include in
an
Instant Formatting, click
More.

Click
OK.

The format is applied to the selected range
of
cells.

If you do not see any change in color of the cell contents,
choose
View
- Value Highlighting.

To define an Instant Formatting for spreadsheets

You can define a new Instant Formatting that
is
available to all spreadsheets.

Format a sheet.

Choose
Edit
- Select All.

Choose
Layout
- Instant Formatting.

Click
Add.

In the
Name box
of the
Add Instant
Formatting dialog, enter a name for
the format.

Click
OK.

Consolidating
Data

The contents of the cells from several sheets
will be combined
in one place.

The text in the labels must be identical, so that rows
or columns can be accurately matched. If the row or column label does
not match any that exist in the target range, it is appended as a
new row or column.

The data from the consolidation ranges and
target range will be saved when you save the document. If you later
open a document in which consolidation has been defined, this data
will again be available.

Open the document
that contains the cell ranges to be consolidated.

Click Data > Consolidation.

In the Source data range field,
select a source cell range
to consolidate with other areas.

If the range
is not named, click the field next to the
Source data area. A blinking text cursor displayed. Type a reference
for the first source data range or select the range with the mouse.

Click Add to insert the selected
range in the Consolidation ranges field.

Select
additional ranges and click Add after
each selection.

Specify where you want to
display the result by selecting
a target range from the Copy results to field.

If the target range is not named, click the
field next
to Copy results to and enter the reference
of the target range. Alternatively, you can select the range using
the mouse or position the cursor in the top left cell of the target
range.

Select a function from the Function field.
The function specifies how the values of the consolidation ranges
are linked. The Sum function is the default setting.

Optional: If you prefer to retain links to
the source ranges instead of copies, or if you want to consolidate
ranges in which the order of rows or columns varies, click the More
button in the Consolidation window.

Click OK to consolidate the ranges.

To insert the formulas that generate the results
in
the target range, click Link to source data.
If you link the data, any values modified in the source range are
automatically updated in the target range.

The corresponding
cell references in the target range are inserted in consecutive rows,
which are automatically ordered and then hidden from view. Only the
final result, based on the selected function, is displayed.

If the cells of the source data range are
not to be
consolidated corresponding to the identical position of the cell in
the range, but instead according to a matching row label or column
label, click either Row labels or Column labels.

To
consolidate by row labels or column labels, the label must be contained
in the selected source ranges.

Pasting Contents in Special Formats

Contents
that are stored on the
clipboard can be pasted into your document using different formats.

Pasting clipboard contents using a dialog

Choose
Edit - Paste
special.

Select one of the options and click
OK.

If you are in a spreadsheet and
the
contents of the clipboard are spreadsheet cells, then a different
Paste Special dialog
appears. Use the
Paste Special dialog
to copy cells using basic or advanced options.

Transpose:
swaps the rows and the columns of the cell range to be pasted.

Link:
pastes the cell range as a link. If the source file changes, the pasted
cells change also.

The other options are explained in the
help, when you call the
Paste Special
dialog from within Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets.

Rotating Tables
(Transposing)

In Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets, there is a way
to "rotate" a
spreadsheet so that rows become columns and columns become
rows.

Select the cell range that you want to
transpose.

Choose
Edit - Cut.

Click the cell that is to be the top left
cell
in the result.

Choose
Edit - Paste
Special.

In the dialog, mark
Paste all and
Transpose.

If you now click OK the columns and rows
are
transposed.

User-Defined Functions

You can apply user-defined functions in Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets in the following
ways:

You can define your own functions using
Macros. This method requires a basic knowledge of programming.

You can program functions as add-ins. This method
requires an advanced knowledge of programming.

Defining A Function Using Macros

Select Tools > Macros > Macros.

Select My Macros - Standard - Module1 from
the Macro from field and then click the Edit button.
You will now see the Basic IDE.

Enter the function code. In this example,
we define a VOL(a; b; c) function
that calculates the volume of a rectangular solid with side lengths
a, b and
c:

Function
VOL(a, b, c) VOL = a*b*c End Function

Close the Basic-IDE window.

Your function is automatically saved in the
default module and is now available. If you apply the function in
a Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets document
that is to be used on another computer, you can copy the function
to the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets document
as described in the next section.

Copying a Function To a Document

In stage
2 of "Defining A Function Using Lotus Symphony Basic", in the Macro dialog you clicked on Edit . As the default, in the Macro from field the My
Macros - Standard - Module1 module is selected. The Standard library resides locally in your user
directory.

If you want to copy the user-defined function to
a Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets document:

Select Tools > Macros > Macros.

In the Macro
from field select My Macros - Standard
- Module1 and click Edit.

In the Basic-IDE, select the source
of your user-defined function and copy it to the clipboard.

Close the Basic-IDE.

Select Tools > Macros > Macros.

In the Macro
from field select (Name of the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets document) - Standard
- Module1. Click Edit.

Paste the clipboard contents in the
Basic-IDE of the document.

Applying a User-defined Function in Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets

Once
you have defined the function VOL(a; b;
c) in the Basic-IDE, you can apply it the same way as the built-in
functions of Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets.

Open a Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets document and enter
numbers for the function parameters a,
b, and c in
cells A1, B1, and C1.

Set the cursor in another cell and
enter the following:

=VOL(A1;B1;C1)

The function is evaluated and you will
see the result in the selected cell.

19xx/20xx Years

The
year in a date entry is often entered as two digits. Internally, the
year is managed by Lotus Symphony as
four digits, so that in the calculation of the difference from 1/1/99
to 1/1/01, the result will correctly be two years.

Under File - Preferences - Symphony - General you
can define the century that is used when you enter a year with only
two digits. The default is 1930 to 2029.

This means that if you enter a date
of 1/1/30 or higher, it will be treated internally as 1/1/1930 or
higher. All lower two-digit years apply to the 20xx century. So, for
example, 1/1/20 is converted into 1/1/2020.

Applying line styles using the Toolbar

You can select various settings to apply to lines and you
can load line style lists and arrow lists with various styles and
line ends.

Select the object that you want to apply a new line style
to. For example, open the Drawing toolbar and draw a line. After
drawing, the line is selected.

Right click and select Line....
Then click the Line tab.

You can select a line style and define the width. In the Color field,
you can select the color for a line and arrows.

You can define the ends of a line in Arrow styles field.
Select the desired arrow style in Begin style and End
style.

References

In Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets, you can
reference cells in other sheets and switch between sheets using the
sheet tabs.

Referencing Cells from One Sheet to Another

Use
the navigator toolbar to reference cells from one sheet
to another sheet in the same spreadsheet. The cells can be inserted
as copies of cells, as links from cells in the same sheet, or as hyperlinks
from cells in another sheet. The range to be inserted must be defined
with a name.

Open the spreadsheet
that contains the source cells and
select them.

Name the source range. Click Create > Names > Define.

Save the file, but do not close
it.

Open the target sheet in which you want
to link to something.

Click Edit > Navigator.

Expand Range names and
select the
source object.

Right-click and select Drag
Mode.
Then select the type of reference that you want: a hyperlink, link,
or copy.

Drag the selected source object into
the cell of the target
sheet where you want to insert the reference.

Navigating Through
Sheet Tabs

By default Lotus Symphony displays three sheets
"Sheet1" to "Sheet3", in each new spreadsheet. You can switch between
sheets in a spreadsheet using the sheet tabs at the bottom of the
screen.

Use the navigation buttons to
display all the sheets belonging to your document. Clicking the button
on the far left or the far right displays, respectively, the first
or last sheet tab. The middle buttons allow the user to scroll forward
and backward through all sheet tabs. To display the sheet itself click
on the sheet tab.

If there is insufficient space to display
all the sheet tabs, you can increase it by pointing to the separator
between the scrollbar and the sheet tabs, pressing the mouse button
and, keeping the mouse button pressed, dragging to the right. In doing
so you will be sharing the available space between the sheet tabs
and horizontal scrollbar.

Using formulas in calculations

In Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets, you can
use formulas to complete calculations.

Calculating With Formulas

All formulas begin with an equals
sign. The formulas can contain numbers, text, arithmetic operators,
logic operators, or functions.

Remember that the basic arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /) can
be used in formulas using the "Multiplication and Division before
Addition and Subtraction" rule. Instead of writing =SUM(A1:B1) you
can write =A1+B1.

Parentheses can also be used. The result of the formula =(1+2)*3
produces a different result than =1+2*3.

Protecting content in Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets

You can protect sheets or cells in a spreadsheet. This
section provides you with some instructions.

Protecting Cells
from Changes

You can protect cells from changes
by setting cell protection.
Cell protection is activated for all cells as the default and it is
only effective after you protect the sheet or the document.

You
can click Tools > Protect
Document to protect the
sheet or the document. The protection becomes active when you close
the dialog with OK, even if you do not specify a password. If you
enter a password and then later forget it, you will have no way to
deactivate the protection. If you merely want to protect the cells
from inadvertent changes, it is better not to enter a password.

Functions Tab

Category

Lists all the categories to which the different
functions are assigned. Select a category to view the appropriate
functions in the list field below.

Select "All" to view all
functions in alphabetical order, irrespective of category. "Last Used"
lists the functions you have most recently used.

Function

Displays the functions found under the selected
category. Double-click to select a function. A single-click displays
a short function description.

Array

Specifies that the selected function is inserted
into the selected cell range as an array formula. Array formulas
operate on multiple cells. Each cell in the array contains the formula,
not as a copy but as a common formula shared by all matrix cells.

The Array option is identical to the Ctrl+Shift+Enter
command, which is used to enter and confirm formulas in the sheet.
The formula is inserted as a matrix formula indicated by two braces
{ }.

The maximum size of an array range is 128 by 128 cells.

Argument Input Fields

When
you double-click a function, the argument input field(s) appear on
the right side of the dialog. To select a cell reference as an argument,
click directly into the cell, or drag across the required range on
the sheet while holding down the mouse button. You can also enter
numerical and other values or references directly into the corresponding
fields in the dialog. When using date entries, make
sure you use the correct format. Click OK to insert the result into
the spreadsheet.

Shrink
/ Maximize

Click the Shrink icon to reduce the dialog to the size
of the input field. It is then easier to mark the required reference
in the sheet. The icons then automatically convert to the Maximize icon. Click it to restore the dialog
to its original size.

The dialog
is automatically minimized when you click into a sheet with the mouse.
As soon as you release the mouse button, the dialog is restored and
the reference range defined with the mouse is highlighted in the document
by a blue frame.

Shrink

Maximize

Function Result

As
soon you enter arguments in the function, the result is calculated.
This preview informs you if the calculation can be carried out with
the arguments given. If the arguments result in an error, the corresponding
error code is
displayed.

The required arguments are
indicated by names in bold print.

f(x) (depending on the selected function)

Allows you to access a subordinate level of the
Function in
order to nest another function within the function, instead of a value
or reference.

The number of visible text fields depends on the
function. Enter arguments either directly into the argument fields
or by clicking a cell in the table.

Result

Displays
the calculation result or an error message.

Formula

Displays the created formula. Type your entries
directly, or create the formula using the wizard.

Back

Moves the focus back through the formula components,
marking them as it does so.

To select a single function from a complex formula consisting
of several functions, double-click the function in the formula window.

Next

Moves forward through the formula components in
the formula window. This button can also be used to assign functions
to the formula. If you select a function and click the Next button, the selection appears in the
formula window.

Double-click a function in the selection window to transfer
it to the formula window.

OK

Structure tab

If you start the Function while the cell cursor is positioned
in a cell that already contains a function, the Structure tab is opened and shows the composition
of the current formula.

Structure

Displays a hierarchical representation of the current
function. You can hide or show the arguments by a click on the
plus or minus sign in front.

Blue dots denote correctly entered arguments. Red dots indicate
incorrect data types. For example: if the SUM function has one argument
entered as text, this is highlighted in red as SUM only permits number
entries.

Functions by Category

This section
describes
the functions
of Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets. The various
functions are divided into categories in the Function Wizard.

IBM
Lotus Symphony internally handles a date/time value as a numerical
value. If you assign the numbering format "Number" to a date
or time value, it is converted to a number. For example,
01/01/2000 12:00 PM, converts to 36526.5. The value
preceding the decimal point corresponds to the date; the
value following the decimal point corresponds to the time.
If you do not want to see this type of numerical date or
time representation, change the number format (date or time)
accordingly. To do this, select the cell containing the date
or time value, call its context menu and select Cells . The Numbers tab page contains the functions
for defining the number format.

When entering
dates, slashes or dashes used as date separators may be interpreted
as arithmetic operators. Therefore, dates entered in this
format are not always recognized as dates and result in erroneous
calculations. To keep dates from being interpreted as parts
of formulas, place them in quotation marks, for example, "07/20/54".

WORKDAY

The result is a date number that can be
formatted as a date. You then see the date of a day that is a certain
number of Workdays away from the
Start date .

Syntax

WORKDAY (Start
date;Days;Holidays)

Start date : the date from when the calculation
is carried out. If the start date is a workday, the day is included
in the calculation.

Days : the number of workdays. Positive
value for a result after the start date, negative value for a result
before the start date.

Holidays : list of optional holidays. These
are non-working days. Enter a cell range in which the holidays are
listed individually.

Example

What date
comes 17 workdays after 1 December 2001? Enter the start date "12/1/2001"
in C3 and the number of workdays in D3. Cells F3 to J3 contain the
following Christmas and New Year holidays: "12/24/2001", "12/25/2001",
"12/26/2001", "12/31/2001", "1/1/2002".

=WORKDAY(C3;D3;F3;J3) returns 12/28/2001.
Format the serial date number as a date.

YEARFRAC

The result is a number between 0 and 1,
representing the fraction of a year between Start
date and End date .

Syntax

YEARFRAC
(Start date;End date;Basis)

Start date and end
date : two date values.

Basis : is chosen
from a list of options and indicates how the year is to be calculated.

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD),
12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number
of days in months, exact number of days in year

2

Exact number
of days in month, year has 360 days

3

Exact number
of days in month, year has 365 days

4

European method,
12 months of 30 days each

Example

What fraction
of the year 2001 lies between 1.1.2002 and 7.1.2001?

=YEARFRAC("1.1.2002"; "7.1.2002";1)
returns 0.495890.

DATE

This function converts a date written as
year, month, day to an internal serial number and displays it in
the cell's formatting. The default format of a cell containing
the DATE function is the date format, but you can format the cells
with the 0 number format, which
displays the internal serial number of the date as a number.

Syntax

DATE(year;
month; day)

Year is an integer between 1583 and 9956
or 0 and 99.

Month is an integer between 1 and 12 indicating
the month.

Day is a number between 1 and 31 indicating
the day of the month.

If
the values for month and day are higher, they are carried over to
the next digit. If you enter =DATE(00;12;31) the result will be
"12/31/00." If, on the other hand, you enter =DATE(00;13;31) the
result will be "1/31/01."

You
can enter dates directly into the DATE function either as arguments,
or range references.

Examples

YEAR2

Extracts
the year, an integer from 0 (the year 1900) through 8099 (the year
9999), from date-number.

Syntax

YEAR2(Date-Number;[Type])

Date-number is an integer, or the address or name
of a cell that contains an integer, from 1 (January 1, 1900) through
2958465 (December 31, 9999).

Type is the number
0 or 1. If type is 1, YEAR2 returns the year in four-digit form. If
type is 0 or omitted, YEAR2 returns the offset of the year from 1900
(for example, YEAR2 returns 123 to represent the year 2023).

NOW

Returns
the computer system date and time. The value is updated when you
recalculate the document or each time a cell value is modified.

Syntax

NOW()

Example

=NOW()-A1
returns the difference between the date in A1 and now. Format the
result as a number.

Examples

EOMONTH

Returns the date of the last day of a month
which falls Months away from the
Start date .

Syntax

EOMONTH (Start
date; Months)

Start date : calculated from this point
onwards.

Months : the number of months before (negative)
or after (positive) the Start Date.

Example

What is
the last day of the month that falls 6 months after September 14
2001?

=EOMONTH("9.14.2001";6)
returns 3.31.2002.

NETWORKDAYS

Returns the number of workdays between Start
date and End
date . Holidays can be deducted.

Syntax

NETWORKDAYS
(Start date;End date;Holidays)

Start date :
the date from when the calculation is carried out. If the start
date is a workday, the day is included in the calculation.

End
date : the date up until when the calculation is carried out.
If the end date is a workday, the day is included in the calculation.

Holidays
: optional list of holidays. These are non-working days. Enter a
cell range in which the holidays are listed individually.

Example

How many
workdays fall between 12/15/2001 and 1/15/2002? The start date is
located in C3 and the end date in D3. Cells F3 to J3 contain the
following Christmas and New Year holidays: "12/24/2001", "12/25/2001",
"12/26/2001", "12/31/2001", "1/1/2002".

=NETWORKDAYS(C3;D3;F3:J3) returns 17 workdays.

EASTERSUNDAY

Returns the date of Easter Sunday for the
entered year. Year is an integer between 1583 and 9956 or 0 and
99. You can also calculate other holidays by simple addition with
this date.

Easter Monday
= EASTERSUNDAY() + 1

Good
Friday = EASTERSUNDAY() - 2

Pentecost
Sunday = EASTERSUNDAY() + 49

Pentecost
Monday = EASTERSUNDAY() + 50

Examples

EASTERSUNDAY(2000)
returns 4/23/00

EASTERSUNDAY(2000)+49
returns the internal serial number 36688. If you use the MMDDYY
date format, the result is 06/11/00.

SECOND

Returns the second for the given time value.
The second is given as an integer between 0 and 59.

Syntax

SECOND(Number)

Number
, as a time value, is a decimal, for which the second is to be
returned.

DAYS

Calculates the difference between two date
values. The result is an integer and returns the number of days
between the two days.

Syntax

DAYS(Date_2;Date_1)

Date_1
is the start date, Date_2 is the
end date. If Date_2 is an earlier
date than Date_1 the result is a
negative number.

Examples

DAYS("1/1/2010";
NOW()) returns the number of days from today until January 1, 2010.

DAYS("10/10/1990";"10/10/1980")
returns 3652.

DAYS360

Returns the difference between two dates
based on the 360 day year used in interest calculations. The result
is an integer.

Syntax

DAYS360(Date_1;Date_2;Type)

If Date_2 is earlier than Date_1, the function
will return a negative number.

The optional
argument Type determines the type
of difference calculation. If Type = 0 or if the argument is missing,
the US method (NASD, National Association of Securities Dealers)
is used. If Type <> 0, the European method is used.

Examples

DAYS360("1/1/2000";NOW())
returns the number of interest days from January 1, 2000 until today.

WEEKDAY

Returns the day of the week for the given
date value. The day is returned as an integer between 1 (Sunday)
and 7 (Saturday) if no type or type = 1 is specified. If type=2,
numbering begins at Monday=1; and if type=3 numbering begins at
Monday=0.

Syntax

WEEKDAY(Number;
Type)

Number , as a date value, is a decimal for
which the weekday is to be returned.

Type determines
the type of calculation. For Type =1, the weekdays are counted starting
from Sunday (this is the default even when the Type parameter is
missing). For Type =2, the weekdays are counted starting from Monday
=1. For Type = 3, the weekdays are counted starting from Monday
= 0.

Examples

WEEKDAY("6/14/2000")
returns 4 (the Type parameter is missing, therefore the standard
count is used. The standard count starts with Sunday as day number
1. June 14, 2000 was a Wednesday and therefore day number 4).

WEEKDAY("7/24/1996";2) returns
3 (the Type parameter is 2, therefore Monday is day number 1. July
24, 1996 was a Wednesday and therefore day number 3).

WEEKDAY("7/24/1996";1) returns
4 (the Type parameter is 1, therefore Sunday is day number 1. July
24, 1996 was a Wednesday and therefore day number 4).

WEEKDAY(NOW()) returns the number
of the current day.

To
obtain a function indicating whether a day in A1 is a Business
day, use the IF and WEEKDAY functions as follows: IF(WEEKDAY(A1;2)<6;"Business
day";"Weekend")

Salvage is the salvage
value of the capital asset at the end of the depreciable life.

Period is the settlement period to be considered.

Rate is the rate of depreciation.

Basis is chosen from a list of options and
indicates how the year is to be calculated.

Table 7. Calculation
options in AMORDEGRC function

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD), 12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number of days in months, exact number
of days in year

2

Exact number of days in month, year has 360
days

3

Exact number of days in month, year has 365
days

4

European method, 12 months of 30 days each

AMORLINC

Calculates the amount of depreciation
for a settlement period as linear amortization. If the capital asset
is purchased during the settlement period, the proportional amount
of depreciation is considered.

Syntax

Settlement is the
date at which the interest accrued up until then is to be calculated.

Rate is the annual nominal rate of interest
(coupon interest rate)

Par is the
par value of the security.

Frequency is
the number of interest payments per year (1, 2 or 4).

Basis is chosen from a list of options and
indicates how the year is to be calculated.

Table 9. Calculation
options in ACCRINT function

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD), 12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number of days in months, exact number
of days in year

2

Exact number of days in month, year has 360
days

3

Exact number of days in month, year has 365
days

4

European method, 12 months of 30 days each

Example

A security is issued on 2.28.2001.
First interest is set for 8.31.2001. The settlement date is 5.1.2001.
The Rate is 0.1 or 10% and Par is 1000 currency units. Interest is
paid half-yearly (frequency is 2). The basis is the US method (0).
How much interest has accrued?

ACCRINTM

Calculates the accrued interest
of a security in the case of one-off payment at the settlement date.

Syntax

ACCRINTM(Issue;
Settlement; Rate; Par; Basis)

Issue is
the issue date of the security.

Settlement is
the date at which the interest accrued up until then is to be calculated.

Rate is the annual nominal rate of interest
(coupon interest rate).

Par is
the par value of the security.

Basis is
chosen from a list of options and indicates how the year is to be
calculated.

Table 10. Calculation options in ACCRINTM function

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD), 12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number of days in months, exact number
of days in year

2

Exact number of days in month, year has 360
days

3

Exact number of days in month, year has 365
days

4

European method, 12 months of 30 days each

Example

A security is issued on 4.1.2001.
The maturity date is set for 6.15.2001. The Rate is 0.1 or 10% and
Par is 1000 currency units. The basis of the daily/annual calculation
is the daily balance (3). How much interest has accrued?

=ACCRINTM("4.1.2001";"6.15.2001";0.1;1000;3) returns
20.54795.

RECEIVED

Calculates the amount received
that is paid for a fixed-interest security at a given point in time.

Syntax

RECEIVED("Settlement";
"Maturity"; Investment; Discount; Basis)

Settlement is
the date of purchase of the security.

Maturity is
the date on which the security matures (expires).

Investment is the purchase sum.

Discount is the percentage discount on acquisition
of the security.

Basis is chosen
from a list of options and indicates how the year is to be calculated.

PV

Returns the present value of an investment
resulting from a series of regular payments.

Use this function
to calculate the amount of money needed to be invested at a fixed
rate today, to receive a specific amount, an annuity, over a specified
number of periods. You can also determine how much money is to remain
after the elapse of the period. Specify as well if the amount is to
be paid out at the beginning or at the end of each period.

Enter
these values either as numbers, expressions or references. If, for
example, interest is paid annually at 8%, but you want to use month
as your period, enter 8%/12 under Rate and
Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets with automatically
calculate the correct factor.

Syntax

PV(Rate; NPer;
Pmt; FV; Type)

Rate defines the
interest rate per period.

NPer is
the total number of periods (payment period).

Pmt is the regular payment made per period.

FV (optional) defines the future value remaining
after the final installment has been made.

Type (optional)
denotes due date for payments. Type = 1 means due at the beginning
of a period and Type = 0 (default) means due at the end of the period.

In
the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets functions,
parameters marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter
follows. For example, in a function with four parameters, where the
last two parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter
4 or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone.

Example

What is the present value of an
investment, if 500 currency units are paid out monthly and the annual
interest rate is 8%? The payment period is 48 months and 20,000 currency
units are to remain at the end of the payment period.

=PV(8%/12;48;500;20000) = -35,019.37 currency
units. Under the named conditions, you must deposit 35,019.37 currency
units today, if you want to receive 500 currency units per month for
48 months and have 20,000 currency units left over at the end. Cross-checking
shows that 48 x 500 currency units + 20,000 currency units = 44,000
currency units. The difference between this amount and the 35,000
currency units deposited represents the interest paid.

If you
enter references instead of these values into the formula, you can
calculate any number of "If-then" scenarios. Please note: references
to constants must be defined as absolute references. Examples of this
type of application are found under the depreciation functions.

SYD

Returns the arithmetic-declining depreciation
rate.

Use this function to calculate the depreciation amount
for one period of the total depreciation span of an object. Arithmetic
declining depreciation reduces the depreciation amount from period
to period by a fixed sum.

Syntax

SYD(Cost; Salvage;
Life; Period)

Cost is the initial
cost of an asset.

Salvage is the
value of an asset after depreciation.

Life is
the period fixing the time span over which an asset is depreciated.

Period defines the period for which the depreciation
is to be calculated.

Example

A video system initially costing
50,000 currency units is to be depreciated annually for the next 5
years. The salvage value is to be 10,000 currency units. You want
to calculate depreciation for the first year.

=SYD(50000;10000;5;1)=13,333.33 currency
units. The depreciation amount for the first year is 13,333.33 currency
units.

To have an overview of depreciation rates per period,
it is best to define a depreciation table. By entering the different
depreciation formulas available in Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets next to each other,
you can see which depreciation form is the most appropriate. Enter
the table as follows:

Table 12. Depreciation table

A

B

C

D

E

1

Initial Cost

Salvage Value

Useful Life

Time Period

Deprec. SYD

2

50,000 currency units

10,000 currency units

5

1

13,333.33 currency units

3

2

10,666.67currency units

4

3

8,000.00 currency units

5

4

5,333.33 currency units

6

5

2,666.67 currency units

7

6

0.00 currency units

8

7

9

8

10

9

11

10

12

13

>0

Total

40,000.00 currency units

The formula in E2 is as follows:

=SYD($A$2;$B$2;$C$2;D2)

This formula
is duplicated in column E down to E11 (select E2, then drag down the
lower right corner with the mouse).

Cell E13 contains the formula
used to check the total of the depreciation amounts. It uses the SUMIF
function as the negative values in E8:E11 must not be considered.
The condition >0 is contained in cell A13. The formula in E13 is
as follows:

=SUMIF(E2:E11;A13)

Now
view the depreciation for a 10 year period, or at a salvage value
of 1 currency unit, or enter a different initial cost, and so on.

DISC

Calculates the allowance (discount)
of a security as a percentage.

Syntax

DISC("Settlement";
"Maturity"; Price; Redemption; Basis)

Settlement is
the date of purchase of the security.

Maturity is
the date on which the security matures (expires).

Price is the price of the security per 100
currency units of par value.

Redemption is
the redemption value of the security per 100 currency units of par
value.

Basis is chosen from a list
of options and indicates how the year is to be calculated.

Table 13. Calculation options in DISC function

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD), 12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number of days in months, exact number
of days in year

2

Exact number of days in month, year has 360
days

3

Exact number of days in month, year has 365
days

4

European method, 12 months of 30 days each

Example

A security is purchased on 1.25.2001;
the maturity date is 11.15.2001. The price (purchase price) is 97,
the redemption value is 100. Using daily balance calculation (basis
3) how high is the settlement (discount)?

DURATION_ADD

Calculates the duration of
a fixed interest security in years.

The functions whose names end with _ADD return the same results
as the corresponding Microsoft Excel functions. Use the functions
without _ADD to get results based on international standards. For
example, the WEEKNUM function calculates the week number of a given
date based on international standard ISO 6801, while WEEKNUM_ADD returns
the same week number as Microsoft Excel.

Basis is
chosen from a list of options and indicates how the year is to be
calculated.

Table 14. Calculation options in DURATION_ADD function

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD), 12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number of days in months, exact number
of days in year

2

Exact number of days in month, year has 360
days

3

Exact number of days in month, year has 365
days

4

European method, 12 months of 30 days each

Example

A security is purchased on 1.1.2001;
the maturity date is 1.1.2006. The Coupon rate of interest is 8%.
The yield is 9.0%. Interest is paid half-yearly (frequency is 2).
Using daily balance interest calculation (basis 3) how long is the
duration?

=DURATION_ADD("1.1.2001";"1.1.2006";0.08;0.09;2;3)

EFFECTIVE

Returns the net annual interest
rate for a nominal interest rate.

Nominal interest refers to
the amount of interest due at the end of a calculation period. Effective
interest increases with the number of payments made. In other words,
interest is often paid in installments (for example, monthly or quarterly)
before the end of the calculation period.

Syntax

EFFECTIVE(Nom;
P)

Nom is the nominal interest.

P is the number of interest payment periods
per year.

Example

If the annual nominal interest rate
is 9.75% and four interest calculation periods are defined, what is
the actual interest rate (effective rate)?

EFFECT_ADD

Calculates the effective annual
rate of interest on the basis of the nominal interest rate and the
number of interest payments per annum.

The functions whose names end with _ADD return the same results
as the corresponding Microsoft Excel functions. Use the functions
without _ADD to get results based on international standards. For
example, the WEEKNUM function calculates the week number of a given
date based on international standard ISO 6801, while WEEKNUM_ADD returns
the same week number as Microsoft Excel.

Syntax

EFFECT_ADD(NominalRate;
NPerY)

NominalRate is the annual
nominal rate of interest.

NPerY is
the number of interest payments per year.

Example

What is the effective annual rate
of interest for a 5.25% nominal rate and quarterly payment.

=EFFECT_ADD(0.0525;4) returns 0.053543 or
5.3534%.

DDB

Returns the depreciation of an asset
for a specified period using the arithmetic-declining method.

Use
this form of depreciation if you require a higher initial depreciation
value as opposed to linear depreciation. The depreciation value gets
less with each period and is usually used for assets whose value loss
is higher shortly after purchase (for example, vehicles, computers).
Please note that the book value will never reach zero under this calculation
type.

Syntax

DDB(Cost; Salvage;
Life; Period; Factor)

Cost fixes
the initial cost of an asset.

Salvage fixes
the value of an asset at the end of its life.

Life is the number of periods defining how
long the asset is to be used.

Period defines
the length of the period. The length must be entered in the same time
unit as life.

Factor (optional)
is the factor by which depreciation decreases. If a value is not entered,
the default is factor 2.

Example

A computer system with an initial
cost of 75,000 currency units is to be depreciated monthly over 5
years. The value at the end of the depreciation is to be 1 currency
unit. The factor is 2.

=DDB(75000;1;60;12;2) =
1,721.81 currency units. Therefore, the double-declining depreciation
during the first month after purchase is 1,721.81 currency units.

DB

Returns the depreciation of an asset
for a specified period using the double-declining balance method.

This
form of depreciation is used if you want to get a higher depreciation
value at the beginning of the depreciation (as opposed to linear depreciation).
The depreciation value is reduced with every depreciation period by
the depreciation already deducted from the initial cost.

Syntax

DB(Cost; Salvage;
Life; Period; Month)

Cost is the
initial cost of an asset.

Salvage is
the value of an asset at the end of the depreciation.

Life defines the period over which an asset
is depreciated.

Period is the length
of each period. The length must be entered in the same date unit as
the depreciation period.

Month (optional)
denotes the number of months for the first year of depreciation. If
an entry is not defined, 12 is used as the default.

Example

A computer system with an initial
cost of 25,000 currency units is to be depreciated over a three year
period. The salvage value is to be 1,000 currency units. One period
is 30 days.

=DB(25000;1000;36;1;6) =
1,075.00 currency units

The fixed-declining depreciation of
the computer system is 1,075.00 currency units.

IRR

Calculates the internal rate of return
for an investment. The values represent cash flow values at regular
intervals, at least one value must be negative (payments), and at
least one value must be positive (income).

Syntax

IRR(Values; Guess)

Values represents an array containing the
values.

Guess (optional) is the
estimated value. An iterative method is used to calculate the internal
rate of return. If you can provide only few values, you should provide
an initial guess to enable the iteration.

Example

Under the assumption that cell contents
are A1= -10000, A2= 3500,
A3= 7600 and A4= 1000,
the formula =IRR(A1:A4) gives a result
of 80.24%.

ISPMT

Calculates the level of interest
for unchanged amortization installments.

Syntax

ISPMT(Rate; Period;
TotalPeriods; Invest)

Rate sets
the periodic interest rate.

Period is
the number of installments for calculation of interest.

TotalPeriods is the total number of installment
periods.

Invest is the amount of
the investment.

Example

For a credit amount of 120,000 currency
units with a two-year term and monthly installments, at a yearly interest
rate of 12% the level of interest after 1.5 years is required.

Financial Functions Part Two

PPMT

Returns for a given period the payment on the principal
for an investment that is based on periodic and constant payments
and a constant interest rate.

Syntax

PPMT(Rate; Period;
NPer; PV; FV; Type)

Rate is the periodic interest rate.

Period is the amortizement period. P = 1 for
the first and P = NPer for the last period.

NPer is the total number of periods during
which annuity is paid.

PV is the present value in the sequence of
payments.

FV (optional) is the desired (future) value.

Type (optional) defines the due date. F =
1 for payment at the beginning of a period and F = 0 for payment at
the end of a period.

In the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets functions, parameters
marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter follows.
For example, in a function with four parameters, where the last two
parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter 4
or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone.

Example

How high
is the periodic monthly payment at an annual interest rate of 8.75%
over a period of 3 years? The cash value is 5,000 currency units and
is always paid at the beginning of a period. The future value is 8,000
currency units.

=PPMT(8.75%/12;1;36;5000;8000;1) = -350.99
currency units.

CUMPRINC

Returns the cumulative interest paid for an investment
period with a constant interest rate.

Syntax

CUMPRINC(Rate;
NPer; PV; S; E; Type)

Rate is the periodic interest rate.

NPer is the payment period with the total
number of periods. NPER can also be a non-integer value.

PV is the current value in the sequence of
payments.

S is the first period.

E is the last period.

Type is the due date of the payment at the
beginning or end of each period.

Example

What are
the payoff amounts if the yearly interest rate is 5.5% for 36 months?
The cash value is 15,000 currency units. The payoff amount is calculated
between the 10th and 18th period. The due date is at the end of the
period.

=CUMPRINC(5.5%/12;36;15000;10;18;0) = -3669.74
currency units. The payoff amount between the 10th and 18th period
is 3669.74 currency units.

CUMPRINC_ADD

Calculates
the cumulative redemption of a loan in a period.

The functions whose names end with _ADD return the same results
as the corresponding Microsoft Excel functions. Use the functions
without _ADD to get results based on international standards. For
example, the WEEKNUM function calculates the week number of a given
date based on international standard ISO 6801, while WEEKNUM_ADD returns
the same week number as Microsoft Excel.

Syntax

CUMPRINC_ADD(Rate;
NPer; PV; StartPeriod; EndPeriod; Type)

Rate is the interest rate for each period.

NPer is the total number of payment periods.
The rate and NPER must refer to the same unit, and thus both be calculated
annually or monthly.

PV is the current value.

StartPeriod is the first payment period for
the calculation.

EndPeriod is the last payment period for the
calculation.

Type is the maturity of a payment at the end
of each period (Type = 0) or at the start of the period (Type = 1).

Example

How much will you repay in the second year
of the mortgage (thus from periods 13 to 24)?

=CUMPRINC_ADD(0.0075;360;125000;13;24;0) returns
-934.1071

In the first month you will
be repaying the following amount:

=CUMPRINC_ADD(0.0075;360;125000;1;1;0) returns
-68.27827

CUMIPMT

Calculates the cumulative interest payments, that
is, the total interest, for an investment based on a constant interest
rate.

Syntax

CUMIPMT(Rate;
NPer; PV; S; E; Type)

Rate is the periodic interest rate.

NPer is the payment period with the total
number of periods. NPER can also be a non-integer value.

PV is the current value in the sequence of
payments.

S is the first period.

E is the last period.

Type is the due date of the payment at the
beginning or end of each period.

Example

What are
the interest payments at a yearly interest rate of 5.5 %, a payment
period of monthly payments for 2 years and a current cash value of
5,000 currency units? The start period is the 4th and the end period
is the 6th period. The payment is due at the beginning of each period.

=CUMIPMT(5.5%/12;24;5000;4;6;1) = -57.54
currency units. The interest payments for between the 4th and 6th
period are 57.54 currency units.

CUMIPMT_ADD

Calculates the accumulated interest for a period.

The functions whose names end with _ADD return the same results
as the corresponding Microsoft Excel functions. Use the functions
without _ADD to get results based on international standards. For
example, the WEEKNUM function calculates the week number of a given
date based on international standard ISO 6801, while WEEKNUM_ADD returns
the same week number as Microsoft Excel.

Syntax

CUMIPMT_ADD(Rate;
NPer; PV; StartPeriod; EndPeriod; Type)

Rate is the interest rate for each period.

NPer is the total number of payment periods.
The rate and NPER must refer to the same unit, and thus both be calculated
annually or monthly.

PV is the current value.

StartPeriod is the first payment period for
the calculation.

EndPeriod is the last payment period for the
calculation.

Type is the maturity of a payment at the end
of each period (Type = 0) or at the start of the period (Type = 1).

Redemption is the redemption value per 100
currency units of par value.

Frequency is the number of interest payments
per year (1, 2 or 4).

Basis is chosen from a list of options and
indicates how the year is to be calculated.

Table 15. Calculation
options in PRICE function

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD), 12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number of days in months, exact number
of days in year

2

Exact number of days in month, year has 360
days

3

Exact number of days in month, year has 365
days

4

European method, 12 months of 30 days each

Example

A security
is purchased on 1999-02-15; the maturity date is 2007-11-15. The nominal
rate of interest is 5.75%. The yield is 6.5%. The redemption value
is 100 currency units. Interest is paid half-yearly (frequency is
2). With calculation on basis 0, the price is as follows:

DURATION

Calculates the number of periods required by an
investment to attain the desired value.

Syntax

DURATION(Rate;
PV; FV)

Rate is a constant. The interest rate is to
be calculated for the entire duration (duration period). The interest
rate per period is calculated by dividing the interest rate by the
calculated duration. The internal rate for an annuity is to be entered
as Rate/12.

PV is the present (current) value. The cash
value is the deposit of cash or the current cash value of an allowance
in kind. As a deposit value a positive value must be entered; the
deposit must not be 0 or <0.

FV is the expected value. The future value
determines the desired (future) value of the deposit.

Example

At an interest
rate of 4.75%, a cash value of 25,000 currency units and a future
value of 1,000,000 currency units, a duration of 79.49 payment periods
is returned. The periodic payment is the resulting quotient from the
future value and the duration, in this case 1,000,000/79.49=12,850.20.

SLN

Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset
for one period.The amount of the depreciation is constant during
the depreciation period.

Syntax

SLN(Cost; Salvage;
Life)

Cost is the initial cost of an asset.

Salvage is the value of an asset at the end
of the depreciation.

Life is the depreciation period determining
the number of periods in the depreciation of the asset.

Example

Lotus Symphony equipment with an
initial cost of 50,000 currency units is to be depreciated over 7
years. The value at the end of the depreciation is to be 3,500 currency
units.

MDURATION

Calculates the modified Macauley duration of a
fixed interest security in years.

Syntax

MDURATION(Settlement;
Maturity; Coupon; Yield; Frequency; Basis)

Settlement is the date of purchase of the
security.

Maturity is the date on which the security
matures (expires).

Coupon is the annual nominal rate of interest
(coupon interest rate)

Yield is the annual yield of the security.

Frequency is the number of interest payments
per year (1, 2 or 4).

Basis is chosen from a list of options and
indicates how the year is to be calculated.

Table 18. Calculation
options in MDURATIONS function

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD), 12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number of days in months, exact number
of days in year

2

Exact number of days in month, year has 360
days

3

Exact number of days in month, year has 365
days

4

European method, 12 months of 30 days each

Example

A security
is purchased on 2001-01-01; the maturity date is 2006-01-01. The nominal
rate of interest is 8%. The yield is 9.0%. Interest is paid half-yearly
(frequency is 2). Using daily balance interest calculation (basis
3) how long is the modified duration?

NPV

Returns the present value of an investment based
on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate. To get the
net present value, subtract the cost of the project (the initial cash
flow at time zero) from the returned value.

Syntax

NPV(Rate; Value1;
Value2; ...)

Rate is the discount rate for a period.

Value1;... are up to 30 values, which represent
deposits or withdrawals.

Example

What is
the net present value of periodic payments of 10, 20 and 30 currency
units with a discount rate of 8.75%. At time zero the costs were payed
as -40 currency units.

NOMINAL

Calculates the yearly nominal interest rate, given
the effective rate and the number of compounding periods per year.

Syntax

NOMINAL(EffectiveRate;
NPerY)

EffectiveRate is the effective interest rate

NPerY is the number of periodic interest payments
per year.

Example

What is
the nominal interest per year for an effective interest rate of 13.5%
if twelve payments are made per year.

=NOMINAL(13.5%;12) = 12.73%. The nominal
interest rate per year is 12.73%.

NOMINAL_ADD

Calculates the annual nominal rate of interest
on the basis of the effective rate and the number of interest payments
per annum.

The functions whose names end with _ADD return the same results
as the corresponding Microsoft Excel functions. Use the functions
without _ADD to get results based on international standards. For
example, the WEEKNUM function calculates the week number of a given
date based on international standard ISO 6801, while WEEKNUM_ADD returns
the same week number as Microsoft Excel.

Syntax

NOMINAL_ADD(EffectiveRate;
NPerY)

EffectiveRate is the effective annual rate
of interest.

NPerY the number of interest payments per
year.

Example

What is
the nominal rate of interest for a 5.3543% effective rate of interest
and quarterly payment.

=NOMINAL_ADD(5.3543%;4) returns 0.0525 or
5.25%.

DOLLARFR

Converts a quotation that has been given as a decimal
number into a mixed decimal fraction.

Syntax

DOLLARFR(DecimalDollar;
Fraction)

DecimalDollar is a decimal number.

Fraction is a whole number that is used as
the denominator of the decimal fraction.

Example

=DOLLARFR(1.125;16) converts into sixteenths.
The result is 1.02 for 1 plus 2/16.

=DOLLARFR(1.125;8) converts into eighths.
The result is 1.1 for 1 plus 1/8.

DOLLARDE

Converts a quotation that has been given as a decimal
fraction into a decimal number.

Syntax

DOLLARDE(FractionalDollar;
Fraction)

FractionalDollar is a number given as a decimal
fraction.

Fraction is a whole number that is used as
the denominator of the decimal fraction.

Example

=DOLLARDE(1.02;16) stands for 1 and 2/16.
This returns 1.125.

=DOLLARDE(1.1;8) stands for 1 and 1/8. This
returns 1.125.

MIRR

Calculates the modified internal rate of return
of a series of investments.

Syntax

MIRR(Values; Investment;
ReinvestRate)

Values corresponds to the array or the cell
reference for cells whose content corresponds to the payments.

Investment is the rate of interest of the
investments (the negative values of the array)

ReinvestRate:the rate of interest of the reinvestment
(the positive values of the array)

Example

Assuming
a cell content of A1 = -5, A2 = 10, A3 = 15, and A4 = 8, and an investment value of 0.5 and a reinvestment
value of 0.1, the result is 94.16%.

Price is the price (purchase price) of the
security per 100 currency units of par value.

Redemption is the redemption value per 100
currency units of par value.

Frequency is the number of interest payments
per year (1, 2 or 4).

Basis is chosen from a list of options and
indicates how the year is to be calculated.

Table 19. Calculation
options in YIELD function

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD), 12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number of days in months, exact number
of days in year

2

Exact number of days in month, year has 360
days

3

Exact number of days in month, year has 365
days

4

European method, 12 months of 30 days each

Example

A security
is purchased on 1999-02-15. It matures on 2007-11-15. The rate of
interest is 5.75%. The price is 95.04287 currency units per 100 units
of par value, the redemption value is 100 units. Interest is paid
half-yearly (frequency = 2) and the basis is 0. How high is the yield?

Syntax

Price is the price (purchase price) of the
security per 100 currency units of par value.

Redemption is the redemption value per 100
currency units of par value.

Basis is chosen from a list of options and
indicates how the year is to be calculated.

Table 20. Calculation
options in YIELDDISC function

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD), 12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number of days in months, exact number
of days in year

2

Exact number of days in month, year has 360
days

3

Exact number of days in month, year has 365
days

4

European method, 12 months of 30 days each

Example

A non-interest-bearing
security is purchased on 1999-02-15. It matures on 1999-03-01. The
price is 99.795 currency units per 100 units of par value, the redemption
value is 100 units. The basis is 2. How high is the yield?

PMT

Returns the periodic payment for an annuity with
constant interest rates.

Syntax

PMT(Rate; NPer;
PV; FV; Type)

Rate is the periodic interest rate.

NPer is the number of periods in which annuity
is paid.

PV is the present value (cash value) in a
sequence of payments.

FV (optional) is the desired value (future
value) to be reached at the end of the periodic payments.

Type (optional) is the due date for the periodic
payments. Type=1 is payment at the beginning and Type=0 is payment
at the end of each period.

In the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets functions, parameters
marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter follows.
For example, in a function with four parameters, where the last two
parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter 4
or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone.

Example

What are
the periodic payments at a yearly interest rate of 1.99% if the payment
time is 3 years and the cash value is 25,000 currency units. There
are 36 months as 36 payment periods, and the interest rate per payment
period is 1.99%/12.

TBILLEQ

Calculates the annual return on a treasury bill
(). A treasury bill is purchased on the settlement date and sold
at the full par value on the maturity date, that must fall within
the same year. A discount is deducted from the purchase price.

Type is an optional parameter. Type = 1 means
a switch to linear depreciation. In Type = 0 no switch is made.

In the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets functions, parameters
marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter follows.
For example, in a function with four parameters, where the last two
parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter 4
or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone.

Example

What is
the declining-balance double-rate depreciation for a period if the
initial cost is 35,000 currency units and the value at the end of
the depreciation is 7,500 currency units. The depreciation period
is 3 years. The depreciation from the 10th to the 20th period is calculated.

=VDB(35000;7500;36;10;20;2) = 8603.80 currency
units. The depreciation during the period between the 10th and the
20th period is 8,603.80 currency units.

XIRR

Calculates the internal rate of return for a list
of payments which take place on different dates. The calculation
is based on a 365 days per year basis, ignoring leap years.

If the payments take place at regular intervals,
use the IRR function.

Syntax

XIRR(Values; Dates;
Guess)

Values and Dates refer to a series of payments and the
series of associated date values. The first pair of dates defines
the start of the payment plan. All other date values must be later,
but need not be in any order. The series of values must contain at
least one negative and one positive value (receipts and deposits).

Guess (optional) is a guess that can be input
for the internal rate of return. The default is 10%.

Example

The following
example shows the calculation of the internal rate of return for five
payments:

Table 26. Example of XIRR calculations

A

B

C

1

2001-01-01

- 10000

Received

2

2001-01-02

2000

Deposited

3

2001-03-15

2500

4

2001-05-12

5000

5

2001-08-10

1000

=XIRR(B1:B5; A1:A5; 0.1) returns 0.1828.

XNPV

Calculates the capital value (net present value)for
a list of payments which take place on different dates. The calculation
is based on a 365 days per year basis, ignoring leap years.

If the payments take place at regular intervals,
use the NPV function.

Syntax

XNPV(Rate; Values;
Dates)

Rate is the internal rate of return for the
payments.

Values and Dates refer to a series of payments and the
series of associated date values. The first pair of dates defines
the start of the payment plan. All other date values must be later,
but need not be in any order. The series of values must contain at
least one negative and one positive value (receipts and deposits)

Example

Calculation
of the net present value for the above-mentioned five payments for
a notional internal rate of return of 6%.

=XNPV(0.06;B1:B5;A1:A5) returns 323.02.

RRI

Calculates the interest rate resulting from the
profit (return) of an investment.

Syntax

RRI(P; PV; FV)

P is the number of periods needed for calculating
the interest rate.

PV is the present (current) value. The cash
value is the deposit of cash or the current cash value of an allowance
in kind. As a deposit value a positive value must be entered; the
deposit must not be 0 or <0.

FV determines what is desired as the cash
value of the deposit.

Example

For four
periods (years) and a cash value of 7,500 currency units, the interest
rate of the return is to be calculated if the future value is 10,000
currency units.

=RRI(4;7500;10000) = 7.46 %

The interest rate must be 7.46 % so that 7,500
currency units will become 10,000 currency units.

RATE

Returns the constant interest rate per period of
an annuity.

Syntax

RATE(NPer; Pmt;
PV; FV; Type; Guess)

NPer is the total number of periods, during
which payments are made (payment period).

Pmt is the constant payment (annuity) paid
during each period.

PV is the cash value in the sequence of payments.

FV (optional) is the future value, which is
reached at the end of the periodic payments.

Type (optional) is the due date of the periodic
payment, either at the beginning or at the end of a period.

Guess (optional) determines the estimated
value of the interest with iterative calculation.

In the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets functions, parameters
marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter follows.
For example, in a function with four parameters, where the last two
parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter 4
or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone.

Example

What is
the constant interest rate for a payment period of 3 periods if 10
currency units are paid regularly and the present cash value is 900
currency units.

=RATE(3;10;900) = -121% The interest rate
is therefore 121%.

INTRATE

Calculates the annual interest rate that results
when a security (or other item) is purchased at an investment value
and sold at a redemption value. No interest is paid.

Syntax

INTRATE(Settlement;
Maturity; Investment; Redemption; Basis)

Settlement is the date of purchase of the
security.

Maturity is the date on which the security
is sold.

Investment is the purchase price.

Redemption is the selling price.

Basis is chosen from a list of options and
indicates how the year is to be calculated.

Table 27. Calculation
options in INTRATE function

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD), 12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number of days in months, exact number
of days in year

2

Exact number of days in month, year has 360
days

3

Exact number of days in month, year has 365
days

4

European method, 12 months of 30 days each

Example

A painting
is bought on 1990-01-15 for 1 million and sold on 2002-05-05 for 2
million. The basis is daily balance calculation (basis = 3). What
is the average annual level of interest?

COUPNCD

Returns the date of the first interest date after
the settlement date. Format the result as a date.

Syntax

COUPNCD(Settlement;
Maturity; Frequency; Basis)

Settlement is the date of purchase of the
security.

Maturity is the date on which the security
matures (expires).

Frequency is number of interest payments per
year (1, 2 or 4).

Basis is chosen from a list of options and
indicates how the year is to be calculated.

Table 28. Calculation
options for COUPNCD function

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD), 12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number of days in months, exact number
of days in year

2

Exact number of days in month, year has 360
days

3

Exact number of days in month, year has 365
days

4

European method, 12 months of 30 days each

Example

A security
is purchased on 2001-01-25; the date of maturity is 2001-11-15. Interest
is paid half-yearly (frequency is 2). Using daily balance interest
calculation (basis 3) when is the next interest date?

=COUPNCD("2001-01-25"; "2001-11-15"; 2; 3)
returns 2001-05-15.

COUPDAYS

Returns the number of days in the current interest
period in which the settlement date falls.

Syntax

COUPDAYS(Settlement;
Maturity; Frequency; Basis)

Settlement is the date of purchase of the
security.

Maturity is the date on which the security
matures (expires).

Frequency is number of interest payments per
year (1, 2 or 4).

Basis is chosen from a list of options and
indicates how the year is to be calculated.

Table 29. Calculation
options in COUPDAYS function

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD), 12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number of days in months, exact number
of days in year

2

Exact number of days in month, year has 360
days

3

Exact number of days in month, year has 365
days

4

European method, 12 months of 30 days each

Example

A security
is purchased on 2001-01-25; the date of maturity is 2001-11-15. Interest
is paid half-yearly (frequency is 2). Using daily balance interest
calculation (basis 3) how many days are there in the interest period
in which the settlement date falls?

=COUPDAYS("2001-01-25";
"2001-11-15"; 2; 3) returns 181.

COUPDAYSNC

Returns the number of days from the settlement
date until the next interest date.

Syntax

COUPDAYSNC(Settlement;
Maturity; Frequency; Basis)

Settlement is the date of purchase of the
security.

Maturity is the date on which the security
matures (expires).

Frequency is number of interest payments per
year (1, 2 or 4).

Basis is chosen from a list of options and
indicates how the year is to be calculated.

Table 30. Calculation
options in COUPDAYSNC function

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD), 12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number of days in months, exact number
of days in year

2

Exact number of days in month, year has 360
days

3

Exact number of days in month, year has 365
days

4

European method, 12 months of 30 days each

Example

A security
is purchased on 2001-01-25; the date of maturity is 2001-11-15. Interest
is paid half-yearly (frequency is 2). Using daily balance interest
calculation (basis 3) how many days are there until the next interest
payment?

=COUPDAYSNC("2001-01-25"; "2001-11-15";
2; 3) returns 110.

COUPDAYBS

Returns the number of days from the first day of
interest payment on a security until the settlement date.

Syntax

COUPDAYBS(Settlement;
Maturity; Frequency; Basis)

Settlement is the date of purchase of the
security.

Maturity is the date on which the security
matures (expires).

Frequency is the number of interest payments
per year (1, 2 or 4).

Basis is chosen from a list of options and
indicates how the year is to be calculated.

Table 31. Calculation
options in COUPDAYSBS function

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD), 12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number of days in months, exact number
of days in year

2

Exact number of days in month, year has 360
days

3

Exact number of days in month, year has 365
days

4

European method, 12 months of 30 days each

Example

A security
is purchased on 2001-01-25; the date of maturity is 2001-11-15. Interest
is paid half-yearly (frequency is 2). Using daily balance interest
calculation (basis 3) how many days is this?

=COUPDAYBS("2001-01-25"; "2001-11-15"; 2;
3) returns 71.

COUPPCD

Returns the date of the interest date prior to
the settlement date. Format the result as a date.

Syntax

COUPPCD(Settlement;
Maturity; Frequency; Basis)

Settlement is the date of purchase of the
security.

Maturity is the date on which the security
matures (expires).

Frequency is the number of interest payments
per year (1, 2 or 4).

Basis is chosen from a list of options and
indicates how the year is to be calculated.

Table 32. Calculation
options in COUPPCD function

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD), 12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number of days in months, exact number
of days in year

2

Exact number of days in month, year has 360
days

3

Exact number of days in month, year has 365
days

4

European method, 12 months of 30 days each

Example

A security
is purchased on 2001-01-25; the date of maturity is 2001-11-15. Interest
is paid half-yearly (frequency is 2). Using daily balance interest
calculation (basis 3) what was the interest date prior to purchase?

=COUPPCD("2001-01-25"; "2001-11-15"; 2; 3)
returns 2000-15-11.

COUPNUM

Returns the number of coupons (interest payments)
between the settlement date and the maturity date.

Syntax

COUPNUM(Settlement;
Maturity; Frequency; Basis)

Settlement is the date of purchase of the
security.

Maturity is the date on which the security
matures (expires).

Frequency is the number of interest payments
per year (1, 2 or 4).

Basis is chosen from a list of options and
indicates how the year is to be calculated.

Table 33. Calculation
options for COUPNUM function

Basis

Calculation

0 or missing

US method (NASD), 12 months of 30 days each

1

Exact number of days in months, exact number
of days in year

2

Exact number of days in month, year has 360
days

3

Exact number of days in month, year has 365
days

4

European method, 12 months of 30 days each

Example

A security
is purchased on 2001-01-25; the date of maturity is 2001-11-15. Interest
is paid half-yearly (frequency is 2). Using daily balance interest
calculation (basis 3) how many interest dates are there?

=COUPNUM("2001-01-25"; "2001-11-15"; 2; 3)
returns 2.

IPMT

Calculates the periodic amortizement for an investment
with regular payments and a constant interest rate.

Syntax

IPMT(Rate; Period;
NPer; PV; FV; Type)

Rate is the periodic interest rate.

Period is the period, for which the compound
interest is calculated. Period=NPER if compound interest for the last
period is calculated.

NPer is the total number of periods, during
which annuity is paid.

PV is the present cash value in sequence of
payments.

FV (optional) is the desired value (future
value) at the end of the periods.

Type is the due date for the periodic payments.

Example

What is
the interest rate during the fifth period (year) if the constant interest
rate is 5% and the cash value is 15,000 currency units? The periodic
payment is seven years.

FV

Returns the future value of an investment based
on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate (Future
Value).

Syntax

FV(Rate; NPer;
Pmt; PV; Type)

Rate is the periodic interest rate.

NPer is the total number of periods (payment
period).

Pmt is the annuity paid regularly per period.

PV (optional) is the (present) cash value
of an investment.

Type (optional) defines whether the payment
is due at the beginning or the end of a period.

In the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets functions, parameters
marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter follows.
For example, in a function with four parameters, where the last two
parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter 4
or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone.

Example

What is
the value at the end of an investment if the interest rate is 4% and
the payment period is two years, with a periodic payment of 750 currency
units. The investment has a present value of 2,500 currency units.

=FV(4%;2;750;2500) = -4234.00 currency units.
The value at the end of the investment is 4234.00 currency units.

FVSCHEDULE

Calculates the accumulated value of the starting
capital for a series of periodically varying interest rates.

Syntax

FVSCHEDULE(Principal;
Schedule)

Principal is the starting capital.

Schedule is a series of interest rates, for
example, as a range H3:H5 or as a (List) (see example).

Example

1000 currency
units have been invested in for three years. The interest rates were
3%, 4% and 5% per annum. What is the value after three years?

=FVSCHEDULE(1000;{0.03;0.04;0.05}) returns
1124.76.

NPER

Returns the number of periods for an investment
based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate.

Syntax

NPER(Rate; Pmt;
PV; FV; Type)

Rate is the periodic interest rate.

Pmt is the constant annuity paid in each period.

PV is the present value (cash value) in a
sequence of payments.

FV (optional) is the future value, which is
reached at the end of the last period.

Type (optional) is the due date of the payment
at the beginning or at the end of the period.

In the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets functions, parameters
marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter follows.
For example, in a function with four parameters, where the last two
parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter 4
or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone.

Example

How many
payment periods does a payment period cover with a periodic interest
rate of 6%, a periodic payment of 153.75 currency units and a present
cash value of 2.600 currency units.

The data in the following table
serves as the basis for some of the examples in the function descriptions:

C

D

2

x value

y value

3

-5

-3

4

-2

0

5

-1

1

6

0

3

7

2

4

8

4

6

9

6

8

CURRENT

Calculates
the current value of a formula at the actual position.

Syntax

CURRENT()

Example

For example,
to assign the current value to the current cell:

Input number 1 in A1,and number 2 in
B1

enter a formula:=A1+B1+CURRENT()
in C1 and press Instant Pilot:Functions button and the value is
set as:

1+2+CURRENT()
yields 6 (1+2=CURRENT+CURRENT=6)

or you can try: 1+CURRENT()+2 yields 4 (1=CURRENT+CURRENT+2=4)

FORMULA

Displays
the formula of a formula cell at any position. The formula will
be returned as a string in the Reference
position. If no formula cell can be found,or if the presented
argument is not a reference, the error value #N/A is set.

Syntax

FORMULA()

Example

The cell
A8 contains the result of a formula having the value 23. You can
now use the Formula function in
cell A1 to display the formula in cell A8.

=FORMULA(A8)

ISREF

Tests if
the content of one or several cells is a reference. Verifies the
type of references in a cell or a range of cells.

If an error occurs, the function returns a logical or numerical
value.

Syntax

ISREF(value)

Value
is the value to be tested, to determine whether it is a reference.

Reference
(list of options) is the position of the cell to be examined. If
Reference is a range, the cell
moves to the top left of the range. If Reference
is missing, IBM Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets
uses the position of the cell in which this formula is located.
Microsoft Excel uses the reference of the cell in which the cursor
is positioned.

Logical Functions

This
category contains
the Logical functions.

To
access this command...

Create - Function -
Category Logical

AND

Returns TRUE if all arguments are
TRUE. If one of the elements is FALSE, this function returns the FALSE
value.

When a function expects a single value, but you entered a cell
range, then the value from the cell range is taken that is in the
same column or row as the formula.

If the entered range is outside of the current column or row
of the formula, the function returns the error value #VALUE!

Syntax

AND(LogicalValue1;
LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30)

LogicalValue1;
LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30 are conditions to be checked.
All conditions can be either TRUE or FALSE. If a range is entered
as a parameter, the function uses the value from the range that is
in the current column or row. The result is TRUE if the logical value
in all cells within the cell range is TRUE.

Example

The
logical values of entries 12<13;
14>12, and 7<6 are to be checked:

=AND(12<13;14>12;7<6) returns
FALSE.

=AND (FALSE;TRUE) returns
FALSE.

FALSE

Returns the logical value FALSE.
The FALSE() function does not require any arguments, and always returns
the logical value FALSE.

Syntax

FALSE()

Example

=FALSE() returns
FALSE

=NOT(FALSE()) returns TRUE

IF

Specifies a logical test to be performed.

Syntax

IF(Test; ThenValue;
"OtherwiseValue")

Test is any value
or expression that can be TRUE or FALSE.

ThenValue (optional)
is the value that is returned if the logical test is TRUE.

OtherwiseValue (optional) is the value that
is returned if the logical test is FALSE.

In the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets functions, parameters
marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter follows.
For example, in a function with four parameters, where the last two
parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter 4
or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone.

Examples

=IF(A1>5;100;"too
small") If the value in A1 is higher than 5, the value 100 is
entered in the current cell; otherwise, the text Ã¢â‚¬Å“too smallÃ¢â‚¬ï¿½
(without quotes) is entered.

NOT

Inverts the logical value.

Syntax

NOT(LogicalValue)

LogicalValue is
any value to be reversed.

Example

=NOT(A).
A=TRUE reverses to A=FALSE.

OR

Returns TRUE if at least one argument
is TRUE. This function returns the value FALSE, if all the arguments
have the logical value FALSE.

When a function expects a single value, but you entered a cell
range, then the value from the cell range is taken that is in the
same column or row as the formula.

If the entered range is outside of the current column or row
of the formula, the function returns the error value #VALUE!

Syntax

OR(LogicalValue1;
LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30)

LogicalValue1;
LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30 are conditions to be checked.
All conditions can be either TRUE or FALSE. If a range is entered
as a parameter, the function uses the value from the range that is
in the current column or row.

Example

The
logical values of entries 12<11;
13>22, and 45=45 are to be checked.

=OR(12<11;13>22;45=45) returns
TRUE.

=OR(FALSE;TRUE) returns
TRUE.

TRUE

The logical value is set to TRUE.
The TRUE() function does not require any arguments, and always returns
the logical value TRUE.

Syntax

TRUE()

Example

If
A=TRUE and B=FALSE the following
examples appear:

=AND(A;B) returns
FALSE

=OR(A;B) returns TRUE

=NOT(AND(A;B)) returns TRUE

Mathematical Functions

This category contains
the Mathematical functions for Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets. To open the Function Wizard, choose Create
- Function.

ABS

Returns the absolute value of a number.

Syntax

ABS(Number)

Number is the number whose absolute value
is to be calculated. The absolute value of a number is its value without
the +/- sign.

Example

=ABS(-56) returns
56.

=ABS(12) returns 12.

=ABS(0) returns 0.

COUNTBLANK

Returns the number of empty
cells.

Syntax

COUNTBLANK(Range)

Returns
the number of empty cells in the cell range Range.

Example

=COUNTBLANK(A1:B2) returns
4 if cells A1, A2, B1, and B2 are all empty.

ACOS

Returns the inverse trigonometric
cosine of a number.

Syntax

ACOS(Number)

This
function returns the inverse trigonometric cosine of Number, that is the angle (in radians) whose
cosine is Number. The angle returned is between 0 and PI.

To
return the angle in degrees, use the DEGREES function.

Example

=ACOS(-1) returns
3.14159265358979 (PI radians)

=DEGREES(ACOS(0.5)) returns
60. The cosine of 60 degrees is 0.5.

ACOSH

Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine
of a number.

Syntax

ACOSH(Number)

This
function returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of Number,
that is the number whose hyperbolic cosine is Number.

Number
must be greater than or equal to 1.

Example

=ACOSH(1) returns
0.

=ACOSH(COSH(4)) returns 4.

ACOT

Returns the inverse cotangent (the
arccotangent) of the given number.

Syntax

ACOT(Number)

This
function returns the inverse trigonometric cotangent of Number, that is the angle (in radians) whose
cotangent is Number. The angle returned is between 0 and PI.

To
return the angle in degrees, use the DEGREES function.

Example

=ACOT(1) returns
0.785398163397448 (PI/4 radians).

=DEGREES(ACOT(1)) returns
45. The tangent of 45 degrees is 1.

ACOTH

Returns the inverse hyperbolic cotangent
of the given number.

Syntax

ACOTH(Number)

This
function returns the inverse hyperbolic cotangent of Number, that is the number whose hyperbolic
cotangent is Number.

EUROCONVERT

Syntax

Value
is the amount of the currency to be converted. From_currency and To_currency
are the currency units to convert from and to respectively. These
must be text, the official abbreviation for the currency (for example,
"EUR"). The rates (shown per Euro) were set by the European Commission.
Full_precision is optional. If omitted or False, the result is rounded
according to the decimals of the To currency. If Full_precision is
True, the result is not rounded. Triangulation_precision is optional.
If Triangulation_precision is given and >=3, the intermediate result
of a triangular conversion (currency1,EUR,currency2) is rounded to
that precision. If Triangulation_precision is omitted, the intermediate
result is not rounded. Also if To currency is "EUR", Triangulation_precision
is used as if triangulation was needed and conversion from EUR to
EUR was applied.

Examples

EVEN

Rounds a positive number up to the
next even integer and a negative number down to the next even integer.

Syntax

EVEN(Number)

Returns
Number rounded to the next even integer
up, away from zero.

Examples

=EVEN(2.3) returns
4.

=EVEN(2) returns 2.

=EVEN(0) returns 0.

=EVEN(-0.5) returns -2.

GCD

Returns the greatest common divisor
of two or more integers.

The greatest common divisor is the
positive largest integer which will divide, without remainder, each
of the given integers.

Syntax

GCD(Integer1;
Integer2; ...; Integer30)

Integer1 To
30 are up to 30 integers whose greatest common divisor is to
be calculated.

Example

=GCD(16;32;24) gives
the result 8, because 8 is the largest number that can divide 16,
24 and 32 without a remainder.

=GCD(B1:B3) where
cells B1, B2, B3 contain 9, 12, 9 gives
3.

GCD_ADD

The result is the greatest common
divisor of a list of numbers.

The functions whose names end with _ADD return the same results
as the corresponding Microsoft Excel functions. Use the functions
without _ADD to get results based on international standards. For
example, the WEEKNUM function calculates the week number of a given
date based on international standard ISO 6801, while WEEKNUM_ADD returns
the same week number as Microsoft Excel.

Syntax

GCD_ADD(Number(s))

Number(s) is a list of up to 30 numbers.

Example

=GCD_ADD(5;15;25) returns
5.

ISEVEN

Returns TRUE if the value is an
even integer, or FALSE if the value is odd.

Syntax

ISEVEN(Value)

Value is the value to be checked.

If
Value is not an integer any digits after the decimal point are ignored.
The sign of Value is also ignored.

Example

=ISEVEN(48) returns
TRUE

=ISEVEN(33) returns FALSE

=ISEVEN(0) returns TRUE

=ISEVEN(-2.1) returns TRUE

=ISEVEN(3.999) returns FALSE

ISODD

Returns TRUE if the value is odd,
or FALSE if the number is even.

Syntax

ISODD(value)

Value is the value to be checked.

If
Value is not an integer any digits after the decimal point are ignored.
The sign of Value is also ignored.

Example

=ISODD(33) returns
TRUE

=ISODD(48) returns FALSE

=ISODD(3.999) returns TRUE

=ISODD(-3.1) returns TRUE

LCM

Returns the least common multiple
of one or more integers.

Syntax

LCM(Integer1;
Integer2; ...; Integer30)

Integer1 to
30 are up to 30 integers whose lowest common multiple is to be
calculated.

Example

If you enter the numbers 512; 1024 and
2000 in the Integer 1;2 and 3 text boxes,
128000 will be returned as the result.

LCM_ADD

The result is the lowest common
multiple of a list of numbers.

The functions whose names end with _ADD return the same results
as the corresponding Microsoft Excel functions. Use the functions
without _ADD to get results based on international standards. For
example, the WEEKNUM function calculates the week number of a given
date based on international standard ISO 6801, while WEEKNUM_ADD returns
the same week number as Microsoft Excel.

Syntax

LCM_ADD(Number(s))

Number(s) is a list of up to 30 numbers.

Example

=LCM_ADD(5;15;25) returns
75.

COMBIN

Returns the number of combinations
for elements without repetition.

Syntax

COMBIN(Count1;
Count2)

Count1 is the number of
items in the set.

Count2 is the
number of items to choose from the set.

COMBIN returns the number
of ordered ways to choose these items. For example if there are 3
items A, B and C in a set, you can choose 2 items in 3 different ways,
namely AB, AC and BC.

COMBIN implements the formula: Count1!/(Count2!*(Count1-Count2)!)

Example

=COMBIN(3;2) returns
3.

COMBINA

Returns the number of combinations
of a subset of items including repetitions.

Syntax

COMBINA(Count1;
Count2)

Count1 is the number of
items in the set.

Count2 is the
number of items to choose from the set.

COMBINA returns the
number of unique ways to choose these items, where the order of choosing
is irrelevant, and repetition of items is allowed. For example if
there are 3 items A, B and C in a set, you can choose 2 items in 6
different ways, namely AB, BA, AC, CA, BC and CB.

Syntax

Example

CEILING

Syntax

CEILING(Number;
Significance; Mode)

Number is the
number that is to be rounded up.

Significance is
the number to whose multiple the value is to be rounded up.

Mode is an optional value. If the Mode value
is given and not equal to zero, and if Number and Significance are
negative, then rounding is done based on the absolute value of Number.
This parameter is ignored when exporting to MS Excel as Excel does
not know any third parameter.

If both parameters Number and Significance are negative and
the Mode value is equal to zero or is not given, the results in Lotus Symphony and Excel will differ
after the import has been completed. If you export the spreadsheet
to Excel, use Mode=1 to see the same results in Excel as in Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets.

Example

=CEILING(-11;-2) returns
-10

=CEILING(-11;-2;0) returns
-10

=CEILING(-11;-2;1) returns
-12

PI

Returns 3.14159265358979, the value
of the mathematical constant PI to 14 decimal places.

Syntax

PI()

Example

=PI() returns
3.14159265358979.

MULTINOMIAL

Returns the factorial of
the sum of the arguments divided by the product of the factorials
of the arguments.

Syntax

MULTINOMIAL(Number(s))

Number(s) is a list of up to 30 numbers.

Example

=MULTINOMIAL(F11:H11) returns
1260, if F11 to H11 contain the values 2,
3 and 4.
This corresponds to the formula =(2+3+4)! / (2!*3!*4!)

POWER

Returns a number raised to a power.

Syntax

POWER(Base; Power)

Returns
Base raised to the power of Power.

The same result may be achieved
by using the exponentiation operator ^:

Example

ROUND

Syntax

Returns Number rounded to
Count decimal places. If Count is omitted
or zero, the function rounds to the nearest integer. If Ccunt is negative,
the function rounds to the nearest 10, 100, 1000, etc.

This
function rounds to the nearest number. See ROUNDDOWN and ROUNDUP for
alternatives.

Example

=ROUND(2.348;2) returns
2.35

=ROUND(-32.4834;3) returns
-32.483. Change the cell format to see all decimals.

=ROUND(2.348;0) returns 2.

=ROUND(2.5) returns 3.

=ROUND(987.65;-2) returns 1000.

ROUNDDOWN

Rounds a number down, toward
zero, to a certain precision.

Syntax

ROUNDDOWN(Number;
Count)

Returns Number rounded down
(towards zero) to Count decimal places.
If Count is omitted or zero, the function rounds down to an integer.
If Count is negative, the function rounds down to the next 10, 100,
1000, etc.

This function rounds towards zero. See ROUNDUP and
ROUND for alternatives.

Example

=ROUNDDOWN(1.234;2) returns
1.23.

=ROUNDDOWN(45.67;0) returns
45.

=ROUNDDOWN(-45.67) returns
-45.

=ROUNDDOWN(987.65;-2) returns
900.

ROUNDUP

Rounds a number up, away from
zero, to a certain precision.

Syntax

ROUNDUP(Number;
Count)

Returns Number rounded up
(away from zero) to Count decimal places.
If Count is omitted or zero, the function rounds up to an integer.
If Count is negative, the function rounds up to the next 10, 100,
1000, etc.

This function rounds away from zero. See ROUNDDOWN
and ROUND for alternatives.

Example

=ROUNDUP(1.1111;2) returns
1.12.

=ROUNDUP(1.2345;1) returns
1.3.

=ROUNDUP(45.67;0) returns
46.

=ROUNDUP(-45.67) returns -46.

=ROUNDUP(987.65;-2) returns 1000.

SIN

Returns the sine of the given angle
(in radians).

Syntax

SIN(Number)

Returns
the (trigonometric) sine of Number, the
angle in radians.

To return the sine of an angle in degrees,
use the RADIANS function.

Example

=SIN(PI()/2) returns
1, the sine of PI/2 radians.

=SIN(RADIANS(30)) returns
0.5, the sine of 30 degrees.

SINH

Returns the hyperbolic sine of a
number.

Syntax

SINH(Number)

Returns
the hyperbolic sine of Number.

Example

=SINH(0) returns
0, the hyperbolic sine of 0.

SUM

Adds all the numbers in a range of
cells.

Syntax

SUM(Number1; Number2;
...; Number30)

Number 1 to Number 30 are
up to 30 arguments whose sum is to be calculated.

Example

If you enter the numbers 2; 3 and 4 in the Number 1; 2 and 3 text boxes, 9
will be returned as the result.

=SUM(A1;A3;B5) calculates
the sum of the three cells. =SUM (A1:E10) calculates
the sum of all cells in the A1 to E10 cell range.

Conditions
linked by AND can be used with the function SUM() in the following
manner:

Example assumption: You have entered invoices into a
table. Column A contains the date value of the invoice, column B the
amounts. You want to find a formula that you can use to return the
total of all amounts only for a specific month, e.g. only the amount
for the period >=2008-01-01 to <2008-02-01. The range with the
date values covers A1:A40, the range containing the amounts to be
totaled is B1:B40. C1 contains the start date, 2008 -01-01, of the invoices to be included and
C2 the date, 2008 -02-01, that is no
longer included.

Enter the following formula as an array formula:

=SUM((A1:A40>=C1)*(A1:A40<C2)*B1:B40)

In
order to enter this as an array formula, you must press the Shift+
Ctrl+ Enter keys instead of simply pressing the Enter key to close
the formula. The formula will then be shown in the Formula bar enclosed in braces.

{=SUM((A1:A40>=C1)*(A1:A40<C2)*B1:B40)}

The
formula is based on the fact that the result of a comparison is 1
if the criterion is met and 0 if it is not met. The individual comparison
results will be treated as an array and used in matrix multiplication,
and at the end the individual values will be totaled to give the result
matrix.

SUMIF

Adds the cells specified by a given
criteria. This function is used to browse a range when you search
for a certain value.

The search supports regular expressions.
You can enter "all.*", for example to find the first location of "all"
followed by any characters. If you want to search for a text that
is also a regular expression, you must precede every character with
a \ character. You can switch the automatic evaluation of regular
expression on and off in Tools - Options
- Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets - Calculate.

Syntax

SUMIF(Range; Criteria;
SumRange)

Range is the range to
which the criteria are to be applied.

Criteria is
the cell in which the search criterion is shown, or the search criterion
itself. If the criteria is written into the formula, it has to be
surrounded by double quotes.

SumRange is
the range from which values are summed. If this parameter has not
been indicated, the values found in the Range are summed.

SUMIF supports the reference concatenation operator (~) only
in the Criteria parameter, and only if the optional SumRange parameter
is not given.

Example

To sum up only negative numbers:
=SUMIF(A1:A10;"<0")

=SUMIF(A1:A10;">0";B1:10) - sums values
from the range B1:B10 only if the corresponding values in the range
A1:A10 are >0.

See COUNTIF() for some more syntax examples
that can be used with SUMIF().

TAN

Returns the tangent of the given angle
(in radians).

Syntax

TAN(Number)

Returns
the (trigonometric) tangent of Number,
the angle in radians.

To return the tangent of an angle in degrees,
use the RADIANS function.

Example

=TAN(PI()/4) returns
1, the tangent of PI/4 radians.

=TAN(RADIANS(45)) returns
1, the tangent of 45 degrees.

TANH

Returns the hyperbolic tangent of
a number.

Syntax

TANH(Number)

Returns
the hyperbolic tangent of Number.

Example

=TANH(0) returns
0, the hyperbolic tangent of 0.

SUBTOTAL

Calculates subtotals. If a range
already contains subtotals, these are not used for further calculations.
Use this function with the instant filters to take only the filtered
records into account.

Syntax

SUBTOTAL(Function;
Range)

Function is a number that
stands for one of the following functions:

Table 34. Function
indexes and corresponding functions

Function Index

Function

1

AVERAGE

2

COUNT

3

COUNTA

4

MAX

5

MIN

6

PRODUCT

7

STDEV

8

STDEVP

9

SUM

10

VAR

11

VARP

Range is the range whose
cells are included.

Example

You have a table in the cell range
A1:B5 containing cities in column A and accompanying figures in column
B. You have used an Instant Filter so that you only see rows containing
the city Hamburg. You want to see the sum of the figures that are
displayed; that is, just the subtotal for the filtered rows. In this
case the correct formula would be:

=SUBTOTAL(9;B2:B5)

CONVERT

Converts old European national
currency to and from Euros.

Syntax

CONVERT(Value; "Currency1"; "Currency2")

Value is the amount of the currency to be
converted.

Currency1 and Currency2 are the currency units to convert
from and to respectively. These must be text, the official abbreviation
for the currency (for example, "EUR"). The rates (shown per Euro)
were set by the European Commission.

Examples

ODD

Rounds a positive number up to the
nearest odd integer and a negative number down to the nearest odd
integer.

Syntax

ODD(Number)

Returns
Number rounded to the next odd integer
up, away from zero.

Example

=ODD(1.2) returns
3.

=ODD(1) returns 1.

=ODD(0) returns 1.

=ODD(-3.1) returns -5.

FLOOR

Rounds a number down to the nearest
multiple of Significance.

Syntax

FLOOR(Number;
Significance; Mode)

Number is the
number that is to be rounded down.

Significance is
the value to whose multiple the number is to be rounded down.

Mode is an optional value. If the Mode value
is given and not equal to zero, and if Number and Significance are
negative, then rounding is done based on the absolute value of the
number. This parameter is ignored when exporting to MS Excel as Excel
does not know any third parameter.

If both parameters Number and Significance are negative, and
if the Mode value is equal to zero or is not specified, then the results
in Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets and Excel
will differ after exporting. If you export the spreadsheet to Excel,
use Mode=1 to see the same results in Excel as in Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets.

Example

=FLOOR(
-11;-2) returns -12

=FLOOR( -11;-2;0) returns
-12

=FLOOR( -11;-2;1) returns
-10

SIGN

Returns the sign of a number. Returns
1 if the number is positive, -1 if negative and 0 if zero.

Syntax

SIGN(Number)

Number is the number whose sign is to be determined.

Example

=SIGN(3.4) returns
1.

=SIGN(-4.5) returns -1.

MROUND

Returns a number rounded to the
nearest multiple of another number.

Syntax

MROUND(Number;
Multiple)

Returns Number rounded
to the nearest multiple of Multiple.

An
alternative implementation would be Multiple
* ROUND(Number/Multiple).

Example

=MROUND(15.5;3) returns
15, as 15.5 is closer to 15 (= 3*5) than to 18 (= 3*6).

=MROUND(1.4;0.5) returns 1.5 (= 0.5*3).

SQRT

Returns the positive square root
of a number.

Syntax

SQRT(Number)

Returns
the positive square root of Number.

Number
must be positive.

Example

=SQRT(16) returns
4.

=SQRT(-16) returns an invalid argument error.

SQRTPI

Returns the square root of (PI
times a number).

Syntax

SQRTPI(Number)

Returns
the positive square root of (PI multiplied by Number).

This
is equivalent to SQRT(PI()*Number).

Example

=SQRTPI(2) returns
the squareroot of (2PI), approximately 2.506628.

RANDBETWEEN

Returns an integer random
number in a specified range.

Syntax

RANDBETWEEN(Bottom;
Top)

Returns an integer random number between integers Bottom and Top (both
inclusive).

This function produces a new random number each
time Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets recalculates.
To force Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets to
recalculate manually press Shift+Ctrl+F9.

To generate random
numbers which never recalculate, copy cells containing this function,
and use Edit - Paste Special (with
Paste All and Formulas not marked and Numbers marked).

Example

=RANDBETWEEN(20;30) returns
an integer of between 20 and 30.

RAND

Returns a random number between 0
and 1.

Syntax

RAND()

This
function produces a new random number each time Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets recalculates.
To force Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets to
recalculate manually press Shift+Ctrl+F9.

To generate random
numbers which never recalculate, copy cells each containing =RAND(),
and use Edit - Paste Special (with
Paste All and Formulas not marked and Numbers marked).

Example

=RAND() returns
a random number between 0 and 1.

COUNTIF

Returns the number of cells that
meet with certain criteria within a cell range.

The search
supports regular
expressions. You can enter "all.*", for example to find the
first location of "all" followed by any characters. If you want to
search for a text that is also a regular expression, you must precede
every character with a \ character. You can switch the automatic evaluation
of regular expression on and off in Tools - Options
- Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets - Calculate.

Syntax

COUNTIF(Range;
Criteria)

Range is the range to
which the criteria are to be applied.

Criteria indicates
the criteria in the form of a number, an expression or a character
string. These criteria determine which cells are counted. You may
also enter a search text in the form of a regular expression, e.g.
b.* for all words that begin with b. You may also indicate a cell
range that contains the search criterion. If you search for literal
text, enclose the text in double quotes.

Example

A1:A10 is a cell range containing
the numbers 2000 to 2009. Cell B1 contains the number 2006. In cell B2, you enter a formula:

=COUNTIF(A1:A10;2006) - this returns 1

=COUNTIF(A1:A10;B1) - this returns 1

=COUNTIF(A1:A10;">=2006") - this returns
3

=COUNTIF(A1:A10;"<"&B1) -
when B1 contains 2006, this returns
6

=COUNTIF(A1:A10;C2) where cell
C2 contains the text >2006 counts
the number of cells in the range A1:A10 which are >2006

To
count only negative numbers: =COUNTIF(A1:A10;"<0")

Array Functions

This category contains
the array functions.

What is an Array?

An array is a linked range
of cells on a spreadsheet containing values. A square range of 3 rows
and 3 columns is a 3 x 3 array:

Table 35. A 3 x 3 array

A

B

C

1

7

31

33

2

95

17

2

3

5

10

50

The smallest possible array is a 1 x 2 or
2 x 1 array with two adjacent cells.

What is an array formula?

A formula in which the individual values in
a cell range are evaluated is referred to as an array formula. The
difference between an array formula and other formulas is that the
array formula deals with several values simultaneously instead of
just one.

Not only can an array formula
process several values, but it can also return several values. The
results of an array formula is also an array.

To multiply the values in the individual cells
by 10 in the above array, you do not need to apply a formula to each
individual cell or value. Instead you just need to use a single array
formula. Select a range of 3 x 3 cells on another part of the spreadsheet,
enter the formula =10*A1:C3 and confirm this entry using the
key combination Ctrl+Shift+Enter. The result is a 3 x 3 array in which
the individual values in the cell range (A1:C3) are multiplied by
a factor of 10.

In addition to multiplication,
you can also use other operators on the reference range (an array).
With Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets, you can
add (+), subtract (-), multiply (*), divide (/), use exponents (^),
concatenation (&) and comparisons (=, <>, <, >, <=, >=).
The operators can be used on each individual value in the cell range
and return the result as an array if the array formula was entered.

Comparison operators in an array formula treat
empty cells in the same way as in a normal formula, that is, either
as zero or as an empty string. For example, if cells A1 and A2 are
empty the array formulas {=A1:A2=""} and {=A1:A2=0} will both return a 1 column 2
row array of cells containing TRUE.

When do you use array formulas?

Use array formulas if you have to repeat calculations
using different values. If you decide to change the calculation method
later, you only have to update the array formula. To add an array
formula, select the entire array range and then make the required
change to the array formula.

Array formulas
are also a space saving option when several values must be calculated,
since they are not very memory-intensive. In addition, arrays are
an essential tool for carrying out complex calculations, because you
can have several cell ranges included in your calculations. Lotus Symphony has different math
functions for arrays, such as the MMULT function for multiplying two
arrays or the SUMPRODUCT function for calculating the scalar products
of two arrays.

Using Array Formulas in Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets

You can also create a "normal" formula in
which the reference range, such as parameters, indicate an array formula.
The result is obtained from the intersection of the reference range
and the rows or columns in which the formula is found. If there is
no intersection or if the range at the intersection covers several
rows or columns, a #VALUE! error message appears. The following example
illustrates this concept:

Creating Array Formulas

If
you create an array formula using the Function Wizard, you must mark the Array check box each time so that the results
are returned in an array. Otherwise, only the value in the upper-left
cell of the array being calculated is returned.

If you enter the array formula directly into
the cell, you must use the key combination Shift+Ctrl+Enter instead
of the Enter key. Only then does the formula become an array formula.

The cells in a results array are automatically
protected against changes. However, you can edit or copy the array
formula by selecting the entire array cell range.

Using Inline Array Constants in Formulas

Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets supports
inline matrix/array constants in formulas. An inline array is surrounded
by curly braces '{' and '}'. Elements can be each a number (including
negatives), a logical constant (TRUE, FALSE), or a literal string.
Non-constant expressions are not allowed. Arrays can be entered with
one or more rows, and one or more columns. All rows must consist of
the same number of elements, all columns must consist of the same
number of elements.

The column separator
(separating elements in one row) is the ';' semicolon. The row separator
is a '|' pipe symbol. The separators are not language and locale dependent.

Arrays can not be nested.

Examples:

={1;2;3}

An array with one row consisting of the three
numbers 1, 2, and 3.

To enter this array
constant, you select three cells in a row, then you type the formula
={1;2;3} using
the curly braces and the semicolons, then press Ctrl+Shift+Enter.

={1;2;3|4;5;6}

An
array with two rows and three values in each row.

={0;1;2|FALSE;TRUE;"two"}

A mixed data array.

=SIN({1;2;3})

Entered as a matrix formula, delivers the
result of three SIN calculations with the arguments 1, 2, and 3.

Editing Array Formulas

Select the cell range or array containing
the array formula. To select the whole array, position the cell cursor
inside the array range, then press Ctrl + /, where / is the Division
key on the numeric keypad.

Either press F2 or position the cursor
in the input line. Both of these actions let you edit the formula.

After you have made changes, press
Ctrl+Shift+Enter.

You can format the separate parts of an array. For example,
you can change the font color. Select a cell range and then change
the attribute you want.

Copying Array Formulas

Select the cell range or array containing
the array formula.

Either press F2 or position the cursor
in the input line.

Copy the formula into the input line
by pressing Ctrl+C.

Select a range of cells where you want
to insert the array formula and either press F2 or position the cursor
in the input line.

Paste the formula by pressing Ctrl+V
in the selected space and confirm it by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Enter.
The selected range now contains the array formula.

Adjusting an Array Range

If you want to edit the output array, do the
following:

Select the cell range or array containing
the array formula.

Below the selection, to the right,
you will see a small icon with which you can zoom in or out on the
range using your mouse.

When you adjust the array range, the array formula will not
automatically be adjusted. You are only changing the range in which
the result will appear.

By holding down the Ctrl key, you can create
a copy of the array formula in the given range.

Conditional Array Calculations

A conditional array calculation is an array
or matrix formula that includes an IF() or CHOOSE() function. The
condition argument in the formula is an area reference or a matrix
result.

In the following example, the >0
test of the {=IF(A1:A3>0;"yes";"no")} formula is applied to each
cell in the range A1:A3 and the result is copied to the corresponding
cell.

Table 36. Example of a conditional array calculation

A

B (formula)

B (result)

1

1

{=IF(A1:A3>0;"yes";"no")}

yes

2

0

{=IF(A1:A3>0;"yes";"no")}

no

3

1

{=IF(A1:A3>0;"yes";"no")}

yes

The following functions provide forced array
handling: CORREL, COVAR, FORECAST, FTEST, INTERCEPT, MDETERM, MINVERSE,
MMULT, MODE, PEARSON, PROB, RSQ, SLOPE, STEYX, SUMPRODUCT, SUMX2MY2,
SUMX2PY2, SUMXMY2, TTEST. If you use area references as arguments
when you call one of these functions, the functions behave as array
functions. The following table provides an example of forced array
handling:

Table 37. Example of forced array handling

A

B (formula)

B (result)

C (forced array formula)

C (result)

1

1

=A1:A2+1

2

=SUMPRODUCT(A1:A2+1)

5

2

2

=A1:A2+1

3

=SUMPRODUCT(A1:A2+1)

5

3

=A1:A2+1

#VALUE!

=SUMPRODUCT(A1:A2+1)

5

MUNIT

Returns the unitary square array of a certain size. The
unitary array is a square array where the main diagonal elements equal
1 and all other array elements are equal to 0.

Syntax

MUNIT(Dimensions)

Dimensions refers to the size of the array
unit.

You can find a general introduction to Array functions at the
top of this page.

Example

Select a
square range within the spreadsheet, for example, from A1 to E5.

Without deselecting the range, select the
MUNIT function. Mark the Array check box. Enter the desired dimensions
for the array unit, in this case 5, and click OK.

You can
also enter the =Munit(5) formula in the last cell of the
selected range (E5), and press Shift+Ctrl+Enter.

You now see a unit array with a range of A1:E5.

More explanations on top of this page.

FREQUENCY

Indicates the frequency distribution in a one-column-array. The
function counts the number of values in the Data array that are within
the values given by the Classes array.

Syntax

FREQUENCY(Data;
Classes)

Data represents the reference to the values
to be counted.

Classes represents the array of the limit
values.

You can find a general introduction to Array functions at the
top of this page.

Example

In the following
table, column A lists unsorted measurement values. Column B contains
the upper limit you entered for the classes into which you want to
divide the data in column A. According to the limit entered in B1,
the FREQUENCY function returns the number of measured values less
than or equal to 5. As the limit in B2 is 10, the FREQUENCY function
returns the second result as the number of measured values that are
greater than 5 and less than or equal to 10. The text you entered
in B6, ">25", is only for reference purposes.

Table 38. FREQUENCY function example

A

B

C

1

12

5

1

2

8

10

3

3

24

15

2

4

11

20

3

5

5

25

1

6

20

>25

1

7

16

8

9

9

7

10

16

11

33

Select a single column range in which to enter
the frequency according to the class limits. You must select one field
more than the class ceiling. In this example, select the range C1:C6.
Call up the FREQUENCY function in the Function Wizard. Select the Data range in (A1:A11), and then the Classes range in which you entered the class
limits (B1:B6). Select the Array check box and click OK. You will see the frequency count in the
range C1:C6.

More explanations on top
of this page.

MDETERM

Returns the array determinant of an array. This
function returns a value in the current cell; it is not necessary
to define a range for the results.

Syntax

MDETERM(Array)

Array represents a square array in which the
determinants are defined.

You can find a general introduction to using Array functions
on top of this page.

More explanations on top of this page.

MINVERSE

Returns the inverse array.

Syntax

MINVERSE(Array)

Array represents a square array that is to
be inverted.

More explanations on top
of this page.

Example

Select a
square range and select MINVERSE. Select the output array, select
the Array field
and click OK.

MMULT

Calculates the array product of two arrays. The
number of columns for array 1 must match the number of rows for array
2. The square array has an equal number of rows and columns.

Syntax

MMULT(Array; Array)

Array at first place represents the first
array used in the array product.

Array at second place represents the second
array with the same number of rows.

More explanations on top of this page.

Example

Select a
square range. Choose the MMULT function. Select the first Array, then select the second Array. Using Function Wizard, mark the Array check box. Click OK. The output array will appear in the first
selected range.

TRANSPOSE

Transposes the rows and columns of an array.

Syntax

TRANSPOSE(Array)

Array represents the array in the spreadsheet
that is to be transposed.

More explanations
on top of this page.

Example

In the spreadsheet,
select the range in which the transposed array can appear. If the
original array has n rows and m columns, your selected range must
have at least m rows and n columns. Then enter the formula directly,
select the original array and press Shift+Ctrl+Enter. Or, if you are
using the Function
Wizard, mark the Array check box. The transposed array appears
in the selected target range and is protected automatically against
changes.

LINEST

Returns a table of statistics for a straight line
that best fits a data set.

Syntax

LINEST(data_Y;
data_X; linearType; stats)

data_Y is a single row or column range specifying
the y coordinates in a set of data points.

data_X is a corresponding single row or column
range specifying the x coordinates. If data_X is omitted it defaults to 1, 2, 3, ..., n. If there is more than
one set of variables data_X may be a range with corresponding multiple
rows or columns.

LINEST finds a straight
line y
= a + bx that best fits the data, using linear regression (the
"least squares" method). With more than one set of variables the straight
line is of the form y = a + b1x1 + b2x2 ... + bnxn.

if linearType is FALSE the straight line found
is forced to pass through the origin (the constant a is zero; y =
bx). If omitted, linearType defaults to TRUE (the line is not
forced through the origin).

if stats is omitted or FALSE only the top line
of the statistics table is returned. If TRUE the entire table is returned.

LINEST returns a table (array) of statistics
as below and must be entered as an array formula (for example by using
Ctrl+Shift+Return rather than just Return).

In
the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets functions,
parameters marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter
follows. For example, in a function with four parameters, where the
last two parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter
4 or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone.

More explanations on top of this page.

Example

This function
returns an array and is handled in the same way as the other array
functions. Select a range for the answers and then the function. Select
data_Y.
If you want, you can enter other parameters. Select Array and click OK.

The results
returned by the system (if stats = 0), will at least show the slope of
the regression line and its intersection with the Y axis. If stats does not equal 0, other results are
to be displayed.

Other LINEST Results:

Examine
the following examples:

Table 39. LINEST function examples

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

1

x1

x2

y

LINEST value

2

4

7

100

4,17

3,48

82,33

3

5

9

105

5,46

10,96

9,35

4

6

11

104

0,87

5,06

#NA

5

7

12

108

13,21

4

#NA

6

8

15

111

675,45

102,26

#NA

7

9

17

120

8

10

19

133

Column A contains several X1 values, column
B several X2 values and column C the Y values. You have already entered
these values in your spreadsheet. You have now set up E2:G6 in the
spreadsheet and activated the Function Wizard. For the LINEST function to
work, you must have marked the Array check box in the Function Wizard. Next, select the following
values in the spreadsheet (or enter them using the keyboard):

data_Y is C2:C8

data_X is A2:B8

linearType and stats are both set to 1.

As soon as you click OK, Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets will fill the above
example with the LINEST values as shown in the example.

The formula in the Formula Bar corresponds to each cell of the
LINEST array {=LINEST(C2:C8;A2:B8;1;1)}

This represents the calculated LINEST values:

E2 and F2: Slope m of the regression line
y=b+m*x for the x1 and x2 values. The values are given in reverse
order; that is, the slope for x2 in E2 and the slope for x1 in F2.

G2: Intersection b with the y axis.

E3 and F3: The standard error of the slope
value.

G3: The standard error of the
intercept

E4: RSQ

F4: The standard error of the regression calculated
for the Y value.

E5: The F value from
the variance analysis.

F5: The degrees
of freedom from the variance analysis.

E6:
The sum of the squared deviation of the estimated Y values from their
linear mean.

F6: The sum of the squared
deviation of the estimated Y value from the given Y values.

More explanations on top of this page.

LOGEST

This function calculates the adjustment of the
entered data as an exponential regression curve (y=b*m^x).

Syntax

LOGEST(DataY;
DataX; FunctionType; Stats)

DataY represents the Y Data array.

DataX (optional) represents the X Data array.

FunctionType (optional). If Function_Type
= 0, functions in the form y = m^x will be calculated. Otherwise,
y = b*m^x functions will be calculated.

Stats (optional). If Stats=0, only the regression
coefficient is calculated.

In the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets functions, parameters
marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter follows.
For example, in a function with four parameters, where the last two
parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter 4
or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone.

More explanations on top of this page.

Example

See LINEST.
However, no square sum will be returned.

SUMPRODUCT

Multiplies corresponding elements in the given
arrays, and returns the sum of those products.

Syntax

At least one array must be part of the argument
list. If only one array is given, all array elements are summed.

Example

Table 40. SUMPRODUCT example

A

B

C

D

1

2

3

4

5

2

6

7

8

9

3

10

11

12

13

=SUMPRODUCT(A1:B3;C1:D3) returns 397.

Calculation: A1*C1 + B1*D1 + A2*C2 + B2*D2
+ A3*C3 + B3*D3

You can use SUMPRODUCT
to calculate the scalar product of two vectors.

SUMPRODUCT returns a single number, it is not necessary to
enter the function as an array function.

More explanations on top of this page.

SUMX2MY2

Returns the sum of the difference of squares of
corresponding values in two arrays.

Syntax

SUMX2MY2(ArrayX;
ArrayY)

ArrayX represents the first array whose elements
are to be squared and added.

ArrayY represents the second array whose elements
are to be squared and subtracted.

More
explanations on top of this page.

SUMX2PY2

Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding
values in two arrays.

Syntax

SUMX2PY2(ArrayX;
ArrayY)

ArrayX represents the first array whose arguments
are to be squared and added.

ArrayY represents the second array, whose
elements are to be added and squared.

More
explanations on top of this page.

SUMXMY2

Adds the squares of the variance between corresponding
values in two arrays.

Syntax

SUMXMY2(ArrayX;
ArrayY)

ArrayX represents the first array whose elements
are to be subtracted and squared.

ArrayY represents the second array, whose
elements are to be subtracted and squared.

More
explanations on top of this page.

TREND

Returns values along a linear trend.

Syntax

TREND(DataY; DataX;
NewDataX; LinearType)

DataY represents the Y Data array.

DataX (optional) represents the X Data array.

NewDataX (optional) represents the array of
the X data, which are used for recalculating values.

LinearType(Optional). If LinearType = 0, then
lines will be calculated through the zero point. Otherwise, offset
lines will also be calculated. The default is LinearType <>
0.

In the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets functions, parameters
marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter follows.
For example, in a function with four parameters, where the last two
parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter 4
or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone.

More explanations on top of this page.

Example

Select a
spreadsheet range in which the trend data will appear. Select the
function. Enter the output data or select it with the mouse. Mark
the Array field.
click OK.
The trend data calculated from the output data is displayed.

GROWTH

Calculates the points of an exponential trend in
an array.

Syntax

GROWTH(DataY;
DataX; NewDataX; FunctionType)

DataY represents the Y Data array.

DataX (optional) represents the X Data array.

NewDataX (optional) represents the X data
array, in which the values are recalculated.

FunctionType(optional). If FunctionType =
0, functions in the form y = m^x will be calculated. Otherwise, y
= b*m^x functions will be calculated.

In
the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets functions,
parameters marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter
follows. For example, in a function with four parameters, where the
last two parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter
4 or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone.

More explanations on top of this page.

Example

This function
returns an array and is handled in the same way as the other array
functions. Select a range where you want the answers to appear and
select the function. Select DataY. Enter any other parameters, mark
Array and
click OK.

Statistical Functions Part One

INTERCEPT

Calculates the point at which a line will intersect
the y-values by using known x-values and y-values.

Syntax

INTERCEPT(DataY;
DataX)

DataY is the dependent set of observations
or data.

DataX is the independent set of observations
or data.

Names, arrays or references
containing numbers must be used here. Numbers can also be entered
directly.

Example

To calculate
the intercept, use cells D3:D9 as the y value and C3:C9 as the x value
from the example spreadsheet. Input will be as follows:

=INTERCEPT(D3:D9;C3:C9) = 2.15.

COUNT

Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments. Text
entries are ignored.

Syntax

COUNT(Value1;
Value2; ... Value30)

Value1; Value2, ... are 1 to 30 values or
ranges representing the values to be counted.

Example

The entries
2, 4, 6 and eight in the Value 1-4 fields are to be counted.

=COUNT(2;4;6;"eight") = 3. The count of numbers
is therefore 3.

COUNTA

Counts how many values are in the list of arguments. Text
entries are also counted, even when they contain an empty string of
length 0. If an argument is an array or reference, empty cells within
the array or reference are ignored.

Syntax

COUNTA(Value1;
Value2; ... Value30)

Value1; Value2, ... are 1 to 30 arguments
representing the values to be counted.

Example

The entries
2, 4, 6 and eight in the Value 1-4 fields are to be counted.

=COUNTA(2;4;6;"eight") = 4. The count of
values is therefore 4.

B

Returns the probability of a sample with binomial
distribution.

Syntax

B(Trials; SP;
T1; T2)

Trials is the number of independent trials.

SP is the probability of success on each trial.

T1 defines the lower limit for the number
of trials.

T2 (optional) defines the upper limit for
the number of trials.

Example

What is
the probability with ten throws of the dice, that a six will come
up exactly twice? The probability of a six (or any other number) is
1/6. The following formula combines these factors:

=B(10;1/6;2) returns a probability of 29%.

RSQ

Returns the square of the Pearson correlation coefficient
based on the given values. RSQ (also called determination coefficient)
is a measure for the accuracy of an adjustment and can be used to
produce a regression analysis.

Syntax

RSQ(DataY; DataX)

DataY is an array or range of data points.

DataX is an array or range of data points.

Example

=RSQ(A1:A20;B1:B20) calculates the correlation
coefficient for both data sets in columns A and B.

BETAINV

Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta probability
density function.

Syntax

BETAINV(Number;
Alpha; Beta; Start; End)

Number is the value between Start and End at which to evaluate the function.

Alpha is a parameter to the distribution.

Beta is a parameter to the distribution.

Start (optional) is the lower bound for Number.

End (optional) is the upper bound for Number.

In the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets functions, parameters
marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter follows.
For example, in a function with four parameters, where the last two
parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter 4
or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone.

Example

=BETAINV(0.5;5;10) returns the value 0.33.

BETADIST

Returns the cumulative beta probability density
function.

Syntax

BETADIST(Number;
Alpha; Beta; Start; End)

Number is the value between Start and End at which to evaluate the function.

Alpha is a parameter to the distribution.

Beta is a parameter to the distribution.

Start (optional) is the lower bound for Number.

End (optional) is the upper bound for Number.

In the Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets functions, parameters
marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter follows.
For example, in a function with four parameters, where the last two
parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter 4
or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone.

Example

=BETADIST(0.75;3;4) returns the value 0.96

BINOMDIST

Returns the individual term binomial distribution
probability.

Syntax

BINOMDIST(X; Trials;
SP; C)

X is the number of successes in a set of trials.

Trials is the number of independent trials.

SP is the probability of success on each trial.

C = 0 calculates the probability of a single
event and C =
1 calculates the cumulative probability.

Example

=BINOMDIST(A1;12;0.5;0) shows (if the values
0 to
12 are
entered in A1) the probabilities for 12 flips of a coin that Heads will come up exactly the number of times
entered in A1.

=BINOMDIST(A1;12;0.5;1) shows the cumulative
probabilities for the same series. For example, if A1 = 4, the cumulative probability of the series
is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 times Heads (non-exclusive OR).

CHIINV

Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability
of the chi-squared distribution.

Syntax

CHIINV(Number;
DegreesFreedom)

Number is the value of the error probability.

DegreesFreedom is the degrees of freedom of
the experiment.

Example

A die is
thrown 1020 times. The numbers on the die 1 through 6 come up 195,
151, 148, 189, 183 and 154 times (observation values). The hypothesis
that the die is not fixed is to be tested.

The
Chi square distribution of the random sample is determined by the
formula given above. Since the expected value for a given number on
the die for n throws is n times 1/6, thus 1020/6 = 170, the formula
returns a Chi square value of 13.27.

If
the (observed) Chi square is greater than or equal to the (theoretical)
Chi square CHIINV, the hypothesis will be discarded, since the deviation
between theory and experiment is too great. If the observed Chi square
is less that CHIINV, the hypothesis is confirmed with the indicated
probability of error.

=CHIINV(0.05;5) returns 11.07.

=CHIINV(0.02;5) returns 13.39.

If the probability of error is 5%, the die
is not true. If the probability of error is 2%, there is no reason
to believe it is fixed.

CHITEST

Returns the probability of a deviance from a random
distribution of two test series based on the chi-squared test for
independence. CHITEST returns the chi-squared distribution of
the data.

The probability determined
by CHITEST can also be determined with CHIDIST, in which case the
Chi square of the random sample must then be passed as a parameter
instead of the data row.

Syntax

CHITEST(DataB;
DataE)

DataB is the array of the observations.

DataE is the range of the expected values.

Example

Table 42. CHITEST example

Data_B (observed)

Data_E (expected)

1

195

170

2

151

170

3

148

170

4

189

170

5

183

170

6

154

170

=CHITEST(A1:A6;B1:B6) equals 0.02. This is
the probability which suffices the observed data of the theoretical
Chi-square distribution.

CHIDIST

Returns the probability value from the indicated
Chi square that a hypothesis is confirmed. CHIDIST compares the
Chi square value to be given for a random sample that is calculated
from the sum of (observed value-expected value)^2/expected value for
all values with the theoretical Chi square distribution and determines
from this the probability of error for the hypothesis to be tested.

The probability determined by CHIDIST can
also be determined by CHITEST.

Syntax

CHIDIST(Number;
DegreesFreedom)

Number is the chi-square value of the random
sample used to determine the error probability.

DegreesFreedom are the degrees of freedom
of the experiment.

Example

=CHIDIST(13.27; 5) equals 0.02.

If the Chi square value of the random sample
is 13.27 and if the experiment has 5 degrees of freedom, then the
hypothesis is assured with a probability of error of 2%.

EXPONDIST

Returns the exponential distribution.

Syntax

EXPONDIST(Number;
Lambda; C)

Number is the value of the function.

Lambda is the parameter value.

C is a logical value that determines the form
of the function. C = 0 calculates the density function, and
C = 1 calculates
the distribution.

Example

=EXPONDIST(3;0.5;1) returns 0.78.

Statistical Functions Part Two

FINV

Returns
the inverse of the F probability
distribution. The F distribution is used for F tests in
order to set the relation between two differing data sets.

Syntax

FINV(Number; DegreesFreedom1;
DegreesFreedom2)

Number is
probability value for which the
inverse F distribution is to be calculated.

DegreesFreedom1 is
the number of degrees
of freedom in the numerator of the F distribution.

DegreesFreedom2 is
the number of degrees
of freedom in the denominator of the F distribution.

Example

=FINV(0.5;5;10) yields
0.93.

FISHER

Returns
the Fisher transformation for x and
creates a function close to a normal distribution.

Syntax

FISHER(Number)

Number is
the value to be
transformed.

Example

=FISHER(0.5) yields
0.55.

FISHERINV

Returns
the inverse of the Fisher transformation
for x and creates a function close to a normal distribution.

Syntax

FISHERINV(Number)

Number is
the value that is to undergo
reverse-transformation.

Example

=FISHERINV(0.5) yields
0.46.

FTEST

Returns
the result of an F test.

Syntax

FTEST(Data1;
Data2)

Data1 is
the first record array.

Data2 is
the second record array.

Example

=FTEST(A1:A30;B1:B12) calculates
whether
the two data sets are different in their variance and returns the
probability that both sets could have come from the same total
population.

FDIST

Calculates
the values of an F
distribution.

Syntax

FDIST(Number;
DegreesFreedom1; DegreesFreedom2)

Number is
the value for which the F
distribution is to be calculated.

degreesFreedom1 is
the degrees of freedom
in the numerator in the F distribution.

degreesFreedom2 is
the degrees of freedom
in the denominator in the F distribution.

Example

=FDIST(0.8;8;12) yields
0.61.

GAMMAINV

Returns
the inverse of the Gamma cumulative
distribution. This function allows you to search for
variables with different distribution.

Syntax

GAMMAINV(Number; Alpha; Beta)

Number is
the probability value for which
the inverse Gamma distribution is to be calculated.

Alpha is
the parameter Alpha of the Gamma
distribution.

Beta is
the parameter Beta of the Gamma
distribution.

Example

=GAMMAINV(0.8;1;1) yields
1.61.

GAMMALN

Returns
the natural logarithm of the Gamma
function: G(x).

Syntax

GAMMALN(Number)

Number is
the value for which the natural
logarithm of the Gamma function is to be calculated.

Example

=GAMMALN(2) yields
0.

GAMMADIST

Returns
the values of a Gamma
distribution.

Syntax

GAMMADIST(Number;
Alpha; Beta; C)

Number is
the value for which the Gamma
distribution is to be calculated.

Alpha is
the parameter Alpha of the Gamma
distribution.

Beta is
the parameter Beta of the Gamma
distribution

C =
0 calculates the density function
C =
1 the distribution.

Example

=GAMMADIST(2;1;1;1) yields
0.86.

GAUSS

Returns
the standard normal cumulative
distribution.

It is GAUSS(x)=NORMSDIST(x)-0.5

Syntax

GAUSS(Number)

Number is
the value for which the value
of the standard normal distribution is to be calculated.

Example

=GAUSS(0.19) =
0.08

=GAUSS(0.0375) =
0.01

GEOMEAN

Returns
the geometric mean of a sample.

Syntax

GEOMEAN(Number1;
Number2; ...Number30)

Number1,
Number2,...Number30 are numeric
arguments or ranges that represent a random sample.

Example

TRIMMEAN

Returns
the mean of a data set without the Alpha
percent of data at the margins.

Syntax

TRIMMEAN(Data;
Alpha)

Data is
the array of data in the
sample.

Alpha is
the percentage of the marginal
data that will not be taken into consideration.

Example

=TRIMMEAN(A1:A50;
0.1) calculates the
mean value of numbers in A1:A50, without taking into consideration
the 5 percent of the values representing the highest values and the
5 percent of the values representing the lowest ones. The
percentage numbers refer to the amount of the untrimmed mean value,
not to the number of summands.

ZTEST

Returns
the two-tailed P value of a z test with
standard distribution.

Syntax

ZTEST(Data;
Number; Sigma)

Data is
the array of the data.

Number is
the value to be tested.

Sigma (optional)
is the standard
deviation of the total population. If this argument is missing, the
standard deviation of the sample in question will be processed.

Example

=ZTEST(A1:A50;12) yields
the probability
that value 12 belongs to the standard distribution of the total
population of data in A1:A50.

HARMEAN

Returns
the harmonic mean of a data set.

Syntax

HARMEAN(Number1;
Number2; ...Number30)

Number1,Number2,...Number30 are
up to 30
values or ranges, that can be used to calculate the harmonic
mean.

Example

=HARMEAN(23;46;69) =
37.64. The harmonic
mean of this random sample is thus 37.64

HYPGEOMDIST

Returns
the hypergeometric distribution.

Syntax

HYPGEOMDIST(X;
NSample; Successes; NPopulation)

X is
the number of results achieved in
the random sample.

NSample is
the size of the random
sample.

Successes is
the number of possible
results in the total population.

NPopulation is
the size of the total
population.

Example

=HYPGEOMDIST(2;2;90;100) yields
0.81. If
90 out of 100 pieces of buttered toast fall from the table and hit
the floor with the buttered side first, then if 2 pieces of
buttered toast are dropped from the table, the probability is 81%,
that both will strike buttered side first.

Statistical Functions Part Three

LARGE

Returns
the Rank_c-th largest value in a data
set.

Syntax

LARGE(Data;
RankC)

Data is
the cell range of data.

RankC is
the ranking of the value.

Example

=LARGE(A1:C50;2) gives
the second
largest value in A1:C50.

SMALL

Returns
the Rank_c-th smallest value in a data
set.

Syntax

SMALL(Data;
RankC)

Data is
the cell range of data.

RankC is
the rank of the value.

Example

=SMALL(A1:C50;2) gives
the second
smallest value in A1:C50.

CONFIDENCE

Returns
the (1-alpha) confidence interval for a
normal distribution.

Syntax

CONFIDENCE(Alpha;
StDev; Size)

Alpha is
the level of the confidence
interval.

StDev is
the standard deviation for the
total population.

Size is
the size of the total
population.

Example

=CONFIDENCE(0.05;1.5;100) gives
0.29.

CORREL

Returns
the correlation coefficient between two
data sets.

Syntax

CORREL(Data1;
Data2)

Data1 is
the first data set.

Data2 is
the second data set.

Example

=CORREL(A1:A50;B1:B50) calculates
the
correlation coefficient as a measure of the linear correlation of
the two data sets.

COVAR

Returns
the covariance of the product of paired
deviations.

Syntax

COVAR(Data1;
Data2)

Data1 is
the first data set.

Data2 is
the second data set.

Example

=COVAR(A1:A30;B1:B30)

CRITBINOM

Returns
the smallest value for which the
cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a
criterion value.

Syntax

CRITBINOM(Trials;
SP; Alpha)

Trials is
the total number of trials.

SP is
the probability of success for one
trial.

Alpha is
the threshold probability to be
reached or exceeded.

Example

=CRITBINOM(100;0.5;0.1) yields
44.

KURT

Returns
the kurtosis of a data set (at least 4
values required).

Syntax

KURT(Number1;
Number2; ...Number30)

Number1,Number2,...Number30 are
numeric
arguments or ranges representing a random sample of
distribution.

Example

=KURT(A1;A2;A3;A4;A5;A6)

LOGINV

Returns
the inverse of the lognormal
distribution.

Syntax

LOGINV(Number;
Mean; StDev)

Number is
the probability value for which
the inverse standard logarithmic distribution is to be
calculated.

Mean is
the arithmetic mean of the
standard logarithmic distribution.

StDev is
the standard deviation of the
standard logarithmic distribution.

Example

=LOGINV(0.05;0;1) returns
0.19.

LOGNORMDIST

Returns
the cumulative lognormal
distribution.

Syntax

LOGNORMDIST(Number;
Mean; StDev)

Number is
the probability value for which
the standard logarithmic distribution is to be calculated.

Mean is
the mean value of the standard
logarithmic distribution.

StDev is
the standard deviation of the
standard logarithmic distribution.

Example

=LOGNORMDIST(0.1;0;1) returns
0.01.

Statistical Functions Part Four

MAX

Returns
the maximum value in a list of
arguments.

Returns 0 if no numeric value and no
error was
encountered in the cell range(s) passed as cell reference(s). Text
cells are ignored by MIN() and MAX(). The functions MINA() and
MAXA() return 0 if no value (numeric or text) and no error was
encountered. Passing a literal string argument to MIN() or MAX(),
e.g. MIN("string"), still results in an error.

Syntax

MAX(Number1; Number2; ...Number30)

Number1;
Number2;...Number30 are
numerical values or ranges.

Example

=MAX(A1;A2;A3;50;100;200) returns
the
largest value from the list.

=MAX(A1:B100) returns
the largest value
from the list.

MAXA

Returns
the maximum value in a list of
arguments. In opposite to MAX, here you can enter text. The value
of the text is 0.

The functions MINA() and MAXA() return
0 if no
value (numeric or text) and no error was encountered.

Syntax

MAXA(Value1; Value2;
... Value30)

Value1;
Value2;...Value30 are values or
ranges. Text has the value of 0.

Example

=MAXA(A1;A2;A3;50;100;200;"Text")
returns the largest value from the list.

=MAXA(A1:B100) returns
the largest value
from the list.

MEDIAN

Returns
the median of a set of numbers. In a set
containing an uneven number of values, the median will be the
number in the middle of the set and in a set containing an even
number of values, it will be the mean of the two values in the
middle of the set.

Syntax

MEDIAN(Number1;
Number2; ...Number30)

Number1;
Number2;...Number30 are values
or ranges, which represent a sample. Each number can also be
replaced by a reference.

Example

for an odd number:
=MEDIAN(1;5;9;20;21) returns
9 as the
median value.

for an even number:
=MEDIAN(1;5;9;20) returns
the average of
the two middle values 5 and 9, thus 7.

MIN

Returns
the minimum value in a list of
arguments.

Returns 0 if no numeric value and no
error was
encountered in the cell range(s) passed as cell reference(s). Text
cells are ignored by MIN() and MAX(). The functions MINA() and
MAXA() return 0 if no value (numeric or text) and no error was
encountered. Passing a literal string argument to MIN() or MAX(),
e.g. MIN("string"), still results in an error.

Syntax

MIN(Number1; Number2; ...Number30)

Number1;
Number2;...Number30 are
numerical values or ranges.

Example

=MIN(A1:B100) returns
the smallest value
in the list.

MINA

Returns
the minimum value in a list of
arguments. Here you can also enter text. The value of the text is
0.

The functions MINA() and MAXA() return
0 if no
value (numeric or text) and no error was encountered.

Syntax

MINA(Value1; Value2;
... Value30)

Value1;
Value2;...Value30 are values or
ranges. Text has the value of 0.

Example

=MINA(1;"Text";20) returns
0.

=MINA(A1:B100) returns
the smallest
value in the list.

AVEDEV

Returns
the average of the absolute deviations
of data points from their mean. Displays the diffusion in a
data set.

Syntax

AVEDEV(Number1; Number2; ...Number30)

Number1,
Number2,...Number 0 are values
or ranges that represent a sample. Each number can also be replaced
by a reference.

Example

=AVEDEV(A1:A50)

AVERAGE

Returns
the average of the arguments.

Syntax

AVERAGE(Number1;
Number2; ...Number30)

Number1;
Number2;...Number 0 are
numerical values or ranges.

Example

=AVERAGE(A1:A50)

AVERAGEA

Returns
the average of the arguments. The value
of a text is 0.

Syntax

AVERAGEA(Value1;
Value2; ... Value30)

Value1;
Value2;...Value30 are values or
ranges. Text has the value of 0.

Example

=AVERAGEA(A1:A50)

MODE

Returns
the most common value in a data
set. If there are several values with the same frequency, it
returns the smallest value. An error occurs when a value doesn't
appear twice.

Syntax

MODE(Number1; Number2; ...Number30)

Number1;
Number2;...Number30 are
numerical values or ranges.

Example

=MODE(A1:A50)

NEGBINOMDIST

Returns
the negative binomial
distribution.

Syntax

NEGBINOMDIST(X;
R; SP)

X represents
the value returned for
unsuccessful tests.

R represents
the value returned for
successful tests.

SP is
the probability of the success of
an attempt.

Example

=NEGBINOMDIST(1;1;0.5) returns
0.25.

NORMINV

Returns
the inverse of the normal cumulative
distribution.

Syntax

NORMINV(Number;
Mean; StDev)

Number represents
the probability value
used to determine the inverse normal distribution.

Mean represents
the mean value in the
normal distribution.

StDev represents
the standard deviation
of the normal distribution.

Example

=NORMINV(0.9;63;5) returns
69.41. If the
average egg weighs 63 grams with a standard deviation of 5, then
there will be 90% probability that the egg will not be heavier than
69.41g grams.

NORMDIST

Returns
the density function or the normal
cumulative distribution.

Syntax

NORMDIST(Number;
Mean; StDev; C)

Number is
the value of the distribution
based on which the normal distribution is to be calculated.

Example

=POISSON(60;50;1) returns
0.93.

PERCENTILE

Returns
the alpha-percentile of data values in
an array. A percentile returns the scale value for a data
series which goes from the smallest (Alpha=0) to the largest value
(alpha=1) of a data series. For
Alpha =
25%, the percentile means the
first quartile;
Alpha =
50% is the MEDIAN.

Syntax

PERCENTILE(Data; Alpha)

Data represents
the array of data.

Alpha represents
the percentage of the
scale between 0 and 1.

Example

=PERCENTILE(A1:A50;0.1) represents
the
value in the data set, which equals 10% of the total data scale in
A1:A50.

PERCENTRANK

Returns
the percentage rank of a value in a
sample.

Syntax

PERCENTRANK(Data;
Value)

Data represents
the array of data in the
sample.

Value represents
the value whose
percentile rank must be determined.

Example

=PERCENTRANK(A1:A50;50) returns
the
percentage rank of the value 50 from the total range of all values
found in A1:A50. If 50 falls outside the total range, an error
message will appear.

Syntax

Example

=QUARTILE(A1:A50;2) returns
the value of
which 50% of the scale corresponds to the lowest to highest values
in the range A1:A50.

Statistical Functions
Part Five

RANK

Returns the rank of a number in a sample.

Syntax

RANK(Value; Data;
Type)

Value is the value, whose rank is to be determined.

Data is the array or range of data in the
sample.

Type (optional) is the sequence order.

Type = 0 means descending from the last item
of the array to the first (this is the default),

Type = 1 means ascending from the first item
of the range to the last.

Example

=RANK(A10;A1:A50) returns the ranking of
the value in A10 in value range A1:A50. If Value does not exist within the range an
error message is displayed.

SKEW

Returns the skewness of a distribution.

Syntax

SKEW(Number1;
Number2; ...Number30)

Number1, Number2...Number30 are numerical
values or ranges.

Example

=SKEW(A1:A50) calculates the value of skew
for the data referenced.

FORECAST

Extrapolates future values based on existing x
and y values.

Syntax

FORECAST(Value;
DataY; DataX)

Value is the x value, for which the y value
on the linear regression is to be returned.

DataY is the array or range of known y's.

DataX is the array or range of known x's.

Example

=FORECAST(50;A1:A50;B1;B50) returns the Y
value expected for the X value of 50 if the X and Y values in both
references are linked by a linear trend.

STDEV

Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample.

Syntax

STDEV(Number1;
Number2; ...Number30)

Number1, Number2, ... Number30 are numerical
values or ranges representing a sample based on an entire population.

Example

=STDEV(A1:A50) returns the estimated standard
deviation based on the data referenced.

STDEVA

Calculates the standard deviation of an estimation
based on a sample.

Syntax

STDEVA(Value1;Value2;...Value30)

Value1, Value2, ...Value30 are values or ranges
representing a sample derived from an entire population. Text has
the value 0.

Example

=STDEVA(A1:A50) returns the estimated standard
deviation based on the data referenced.

STDEVP

Calculates the standard deviation based on the
entire population.

Syntax

STDEVP(Number1;Number2;...Number30)

Number 1,Number 2,...Number 30 are numerical
values or ranges representing a sample based on an entire population.

Example

=STDEVP(A1:A50) returns a standard deviation
of the data referenced.

STDEVPA

Calculates the standard deviation based on the
entire population.

Syntax

STDEVPA(Value1;Value2;...Value30)

Value1,value2,...value30 are values or ranges
representing a sample derived from an entire population. Text has
the value 0.

Example

=STDEVPA(A1:A50) returns the standard deviation
of the data referenced.

STANDARDIZE

Converts a random variable to a normalized value.

Syntax

STANDARDIZE(Number;
Mean; StDev)

Number is the value to be standardized.

Mean is the arithmetic mean of the distribution.

StDev is the standard deviation of the distribution.

Example

=STANDARDIZE(11;10;1) returns 1. The value
11 in a normal distribution with a mean of 10 and a standard deviation
of 1 is as much above the mean of 10, as the value 1 is above the
mean of the standard normal distribution.

NORMSINV

Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative
distribution.

Syntax

NORMINV(Number)

Number is the probability to which the inverse
standard normal distribution is calculated.

Example

=NORMSINV(0.908789) returns 1.3333.

NORMSDIST

Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution
function. The distribution has a mean of zero and a standard deviation
of one.

It is GAUSS(x)=NORMSDIST(x)-0.5

Syntax

NORMSDIST(Number)

Number is the value to which the standard
normal cumulative distribution is calculated.

Example

=NORMSDIST(1) returns 0.84. The area below
the standard normal distribution curve to the left of X value 1 is
84% of the total area.

SLOPE

Returns the slope of the linear regression line. The
slope is adapted to the data points set in the y and x values.

Syntax

SLOPE(DataY; DataX)

DataY is the array or matrix of Y data.

DataX is the array or matrix of X data.

Example

=SLOPE(A1:A50;B1:B50)

STEYX

Returns the standard error of the predicted y value
for each x in the regression.

Syntax

Example

VARPA

Calculates the variance based on the entire population.
The value of text is 0.

Syntax

VARPA(Value1;
Value2; ...Value30)

Value1,value2,...Value30 are values or ranges
representing an entire population.

Example

=VARPA(A1:A50)

PERMUT

Returns the number of permutations for a given
number of objects.

Syntax

PERMUT(Count1;
Count2)

Count1 is the total number of objects.

Count2 is the number of objects in each permutation.

Example

=PERMUT(6;3) returns 120. There are 120 different
possibilities, to pick a sequence of 3 playing cards out of 6 playing
cards.

PERMUTATIONA

Returns the number of permutations for a given
number of objects (repetition allowed).

Syntax

PERMUTATIONA(Count1;
Count2)

Count1 is the total number of objects.

Count2 is the number of objects in each permutation.

Example

How often
can 2 objects be selected from a total of 11 objects?

=PERMUTATIONA(11;2) returns 121.

=PERMUTATIONA(6;3) returns 216. There are
216 different possibilities to put a sequence of 3 playing cards together
out of six playing cards if every card is returned before the next
one is drawn.

PROB

Returns the probability that values in a range
are between two limits. If there is no End value, this function calculates the
probability based on the principle that the Data values are equal
to the value of Start.

Syntax

PROB(Data; Probability;
Start; End)

Data is the array or range of data in the
sample.

Probability is the array or range of the corresponding
probabilities.

Start is the start value of the interval whose
probabilities are to be summed.

End (optional) is the end value of the interval
whose probabilities are to be summed. If this parameter is missing,
the probability for the Start value is calculated.

Example

=PROB(A1:A50;B1:B50;50;60) returns the probability
with which a value within the range of A1:A50 is also within the limits
between 50 and 60. Every value within the range of A1:A50 has a probability
within the range of B1:B50.

WEIBULL

Returns the values of the Weibull distribution.

Syntax

WEIBULL(Number;
Alpha; Beta; C)

Number is the value at which to calculate
the Weibull distribution.

Alpha is the shape parameter of the Weibull
distribution.

Beta is the scale parameter of
the Weibull distribution.

C indicates the type of function. If C equals
0 the form of the function is calculated, if C equals 1 the distribution
is calculated.

ADDRESS

Returns a cell address (reference) as text,
according to the specified row and column numbers. Optionally,
you can determine whether the address is interpreted as an absolute
address (for example, $A$1) or as a relative address (as A1) or
in a mixed form (A$1 or $A1). You can also specify the name of the
sheet.

For interoperability the ADDRESS and INDIRECT functions
support an optional parameter to specify whether the R1C1 address
notation instead of the usual A1 notation should be used.

In
ADDRESS, the parameter is inserted as the fourth parameter, shifting
the optional sheet name parameter to the fifth position.

In
INDIRECT, the parameter is appended as the second parameter.

In
both functions, if the argument is inserted with the value 0, then
the R1C1 notation is used. If the argument is not given or has a value
other than 0, then the A1 notation is used.

In case of R1C1
notation, ADDRESS returns address strings using the exclamation mark
'!' as the sheet name separator, and INDIRECT expects the exclamation
mark as sheet name separator. Both functions still use the dot '.'
sheet name separator with A1 notation.

Syntax

ADDRESS
(row; column; abs; A1; sheet)

The row parameter represents the row
number for the cell reference

The column parameter represents the
column number for the cell reference (the number, not the letter)

The abs parameter
determines the type of reference:

1 or empty: absolute ($A$1)

2: row reference type is absolute; column reference is relative
(A$1)

3: row (relative); column (absolute) ($A1)

4: relative (A1)

The A1 parameter is optional. If this parameter
is set to 0, the R1C1 notation is used. If it is absent or set to
another value than 0, the A1 notation is used.

The sheet parameter represents the
name of the sheet. It must be placed in double quotes.

Example:

ADDRESS(1; 1; 2; "Sheet2") returns the following:
Sheet2.A$1

If the cell
A1 in sheet 2 contains the value -6, you can refer indirectly to
the referenced cell using a function in B2 by entering =ABS(INDIRECT(B2)).
The result is the absolute value of the cell reference specified
in B2, which in this case is 6.

Example

DDE

Returns
the result of a DDE-based link. If the contents of the linked range
or section changes, the returned value will also change. You must
reload the spreadsheet or choose Edit
- Links to see the updated links. Cross-platform links, for
example from a IBM Lotus
Symphony
installation running on a Windows machine to a document created
on a Linux machine, are not allowed.

Syntax

DDE(server;file;range;mode)

Server
is the name of a server application. Lotus Symphony applications have
the server name "soffice".

File is the complete file name, including
path specification.

Range is the area containing the data to
be evaluated.

Mode is an optional parameter that controls
the method by which the DDE server converts its data into numbers.

Mode

Effect

0 or missing

Number format
from the "Default" cell style

1

Data are always
interpreted in the standard format for US English

2

Data are retrieved
as text; no conversion to numbers

Example

=DDE("soffice";"c:\Lotus Symphony\document\motto.sxw";"Today's
motto") returns a motto in the cell containing this formula. First,
you must enter a line in the motto.sxw document containing the motto
text and define it as the first line of a section named Today's
Motto (in IBM Lotus Symphony
Documents
under Create - Section ). If the
motto is modified (and saved) in the Lotus Symphony Documents , the motto is updated
in all Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets
cells in which this DDE link is defined.

ERRORTYPE

Returns the number corresponding to an error
value occurring in a different cell. With the aid of this
number, you can generate an error message text.

If an error occurs, the function returns a logical or numerical
value.

The Status
Bar displays the predefined error code from Lotus Symphony if you click the
cell containing the error.

Syntax

ERRORTYPE(Reference)

Reference
contains the address of the cell in which the error occurs.

Example

If cell
A1 displays Err:518, the function =ERRORTYPE(A1) returns the number
518.

INDEX

INDEX
returns the content of a cell, specified by row and column number
or an optional range name.

Syntax

INDEX(reference;row;column;range)

reference
is a cell reference, entered either directly or by specifying a
range name. If the reference consists of multiple ranges, you
must enclose the reference or range name in parentheses.

row
(optional) represents the row number of the reference range, for
which to return a value.

column (optional) represents the column
number of the reference range, for which to return a value.

range
(optional) represents the index of the subrange if referring to
a multiple range.

Example

=INDEX(Prices;4;1)
returns the value from row 4 and column 1 of the range defined in
Data - Define as Prices .

=INDEX(SumX;4;1) returns the value from the
range SumX in row 4 and column
1 as defined in Create - Names - Define
.

=INDEX((multi);4;1)
indicates the value contained in row 4 and column 1 of the (multiple)
range, which you named under Create -
Names - Set as multi . The
multiple range may consist of several rectangular ranges, each with
a row 4 and column 1. If you now want to call the second block of
this multiple range enter the number 2 as the range
parameter.

=INDEX(A1:B6;1;1)
indicates the value in the upper-left of the A1:B6 range.

COLUMN

Returns the column number of a cell reference.
If the reference is a cell the column number of the cell is returned;
if the parameter is a cell area, the corresponding column numbers
are returned in a single-row array
if the formula is entered as
an array formula . If the COLUMN function with an area reference
parameter is not used for an array formula, only the column number
of the first cell within the area is determined.

Syntax

COLUMN(reference)

Reference
is the reference to a cell or cell area whose first column number
is to be found.

If no
reference is entered, the column number of the cell in which the
formula is entered is found. Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets automatically
sets the reference to the current cell.

Example

=COLUMN(A1)
equals 1. Column A is the first column in the table.

=COLUMN(C3:E3) equals 3. Column
C is the third column in the table.

=COLUMN(D3:G10) returns 4 because column D
is the fourth column in the table and the COLUMN function is not
used as an array formula. (In this case, the first value of the
array is always used as the result.)

{=COLUMN(B2:B7)} and =COLUMN(B2:B7) both
return 2 because the reference only contains column B as the second
column in the table. Because single-column areas have only one column
number, it does not make a difference whether or not the formula
is used as an array formula.

=COLUMN() returns 3 if the formula was entered
in column C.

{=COLUMN(Rabbit)}
returns the single-row array (3, 4) if "Rabbit" is the named area
(C1:D3).

VLOOKUP

Vertical search with reference to adjacent
cells to the right. This function checks if a specific value is
contained in the first column of an array. The function then returns
the value to the same line of a specific array column named by index.

. As soon as you have entered text, you can enter
"all.*", for example to find the first location of "all" followed
by any characters.

Syntax

=VLOOKUP(Search
criterion;array;index;sort order)

Search criterion
is the value searched for in the first column of the array.

array
is the reference, which is to comprise at least two columns.

index
is the number of the column in the array that contains the value
to be returned. The first column has the number 1.

Sort order
is an optional parameter that indicates whether the first column
in the array is sorted in ascending order. Enter the Boolean value
FALSE if the first column is not sorted in ascending order. Sorted
columns can be searched much faster and the function always returns
a value, even if the search value was not matched exactly, if it
is between the lowest and highest value of the sorted list. In unsorted
lists, the search value must be matched exactly. Otherwise the function
will return this message: Error: Value Not
Available .

Example

You want
to enter the number of a dish on the menu in cell A1, and the name
of the dish is to appear as text in the neighboring cell (B1) immediately.
The Number to Name assignment is contained in the D1:E100 array.
D1 contains 100, E1 contains the name Vegetable
Soup , and so forth, for 100 menu items. The numbers in column
D are sorted in ascending order; thus, the optional Sort order parameter is not necessary.

Enter the following formula
in B1:

=VLOOKUP(A1;
D1:E100; 2)

As soon
as you enter a number in A1 B1 will show the corresponding text
contained in the second column of reference D1:E100. Entering a
nonexistent number displays the text with the next number down.
To prevent this, enter FALSE as the last parameter in the formula
so that an error message is generated when a nonexistent number
is entered.

SHEET

Returns
the sheet number of a reference or a string representing a sheet
name. If you do not enter any parameters, the result is the sheet
number of the spreadsheet containing the formula.

Syntax

SHEET(Reference)

Reference
is optional and is the reference to a cell, an area, or a sheet
name string.

Example

=SHEET(Sheet2.A1)
returns 2 if Sheet2 is the second sheet in the spreadsheet document.

SHEETS

Determines
the number of sheets in a reference. If you do not enter any parameters,
it returns the number of sheets in the current document.

Syntax

SHEETS(Reference)

Reference
is the reference to a sheet or an area. This parameter is optional.

Example

=SHEETS(Sheet1.A1:Sheet3.G12)
returns 3 if Sheet1, Sheet2, and Sheet3 exist in the sequence indicated.

MATCH

Returns
the relative position of an item in an array that matches a specified
value. The function returns the position of the value found in the
lookup_array as a number.

Syntax

MATCH(search
criterion;lookup_array;type)

Search Criterion
is the value which is to be searched for in the single-row or
single-column array.

lookup_array is the reference searched.
A lookup array can be a single row or column, or part of a single
row or column.

Type may take the values 1, 0, or -1. If
Type = 1 or if this optional parameter is missing, it is assumed
that the first column of the search array is sorted in ascending
order. If Type = -1 it is assumed that the column in sorted in descending
order. This corresponds to the same function in Microsoft Excel.

If Type = 0, only exact matches
are found. If the search criterion is found more than once, the
function returns the first one found. Only if Type = 0 can you search
for regular expressions.

. As soon
as you have entered text, you can enter "all.*", for example to
find the first location of "all" followed by any characters.

If Type = 1 or the third
parameter is missing, the last value that is smaller or equal to
the search criterion is returned. This applies even when the search
array is not sorted. For Type = -1, the first value that is larger
or equal is returned.

Example

=MATCH(200;
D1:D100) searches the area D1:D100, which is sorted by column D,
for the value 200. As soon as this value is reached, the number
of the row in which it was found is returned. If a higher value
is found during the search in the column, the number of the previous
row is returned.

OFFSET

Returns
the value of a cell offset by a certain number of rows and columns
from a given reference point.

Syntax

OFFSET(reference;rows;columns;height;width)

Reference
is the cell from which the function searches for the new reference.

Rows
is the number of cells by which the reference was corrected up
(negative value) or down.

Columns is the number of columns by which
the reference was corrected to the left (negative value) or to the
right.

Height is the optional vertical height
for an area that starts at the new reference position.

Width
is the optional horizontal width for an area that starts at the
new reference position.

Example

=OFFSET(A1;
2, 2) returns the value in cell C3 (A1 moved by two rows and two
columns down). If C3 contains the value 100 this function returns
the value 100.

=SUM(OFFSET(A1;
2; 2; 5; 6)) determines the total of the area that starts in cell
C3 and has a height of 5 rows and a width of 6 columns (area=C3:H7).

LOOKUP

Returns
the contents of a cell either from a one-row or one-column range
or from an array. Optionally, the assigned value (of the same index)
is returned in a different column and row. As opposed to VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP , search and result vector may
be at different positions; they do not have to be adjacent. Additionally,
the search vector for the LOOKUP must be sorted, otherwise the search
will not return any usable results.

. As soon as
you have entered text, you can enter "all.*", for example to find
the first location of "all" followed by any characters.

Syntax

LOOKUP(Search
criterion;Search vector;result_vector)

Search criterion
is the value to be searched for; entered either directly or as a
reference.

Search vector is the single-row or single-column
area to be searched.

result_vector is another single-row or
single-column range from which the result of the function is taken.
The result is the cell of the result vector with the same index
as the instance found in the search vector.

Example

=LOOKUP(A1;
D1:D100;F1:F100) searches the corresponding cell in range D1:D100
for the number you entered in A1. For the instance found, the index
is determined, for example, the 12th cell in this range. Then, the
contents of the 12th cell are returned as the value of the function
(in the result vector).

STYLE

Applies
a style to the cell containing the formula. After a set amount of
time, another style can be applied. This function always returns
the value 0, allowing you to add it to another function without
changing the value. Together with the CURRENT function you can apply
a color to a cell regardless of the value. For example: =...+STYLE(IF(CURRENT()>3;"red";"green"))
applies the style "red" to the cell if the value is greater than
3, otherwise the style "green" is applied. Both cell formats have
to be defined beforehand.

Syntax

STYLE(style;time;style2)

Style
is the name of a cell style assigned to the cell. Style names
must be entered in quotation marks.

Time is an
optional time range in seconds. If this parameter is missing the
style will not be changed after a certain amount of time has passed.

Style2
is the optional name of a cell style assigned to the cell after
a certain amount of time has passed. If this parameter is missing
"Standard" is assumed.

Example

=STYLE("Invisible";60;"Default")
formats the cell in transparent format for 60 seconds after the
document was recalculated or loaded, then the Default format is
assigned. Both cell formats have to be defined beforehand.

CHOOSE

Uses an index to return a value from a list
of up to 30 values.

Syntax

CHOOSE(Index;
value1;...value30)

Index is a reference or number between
1 and 30 indicating which value is to be taken from the list.

Value1...Value30
is the list of values entered as a reference to a cell or as individual
values.

HLOOKUP

Searches for a value and reference to the
cells below the selected area. This function verifies if the first
row of an array contains a certain value. The function returns then
the value in a row of the array, named in the Index
, in the same column.

Syntax

ROW

Returns
the row number of a cell reference. If the reference is a cell,
it returns the row number of the cell. If the reference is a cell
range, it returns the corresponding row numbers in a one-column
Array if the formula is entered
as an array formula . If the ROW
function with a range reference is not used in an array formula,
only the row number of the first range cell will be returned.

Syntax

ROW(reference)

Reference
is a cell, an area, or the name of an area.

If you do not indicate a reference, the row
number of the cell in which the formula is entered will be found.
Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets automatically
sets the reference to the current cell.

Example

=ROW(B3)
returns 3 because the reference refers to the third row in the table.

=ROW(D5:D8) returns 5 because the ROW function
is not used as array formula and only the number of the first row
of the reference is returned.

{=ROW(A1:E1)} and =ROW(A1:E1) both return
1 because the reference only contains row 1 as the first column
in the table. (Because single-row areas only have one row number
it does not make any difference whether or not the formula is used
as an array formula.)

=ROW()
returns 3 if the formula was entered in row 3.

{=ROW(Rabbit)} returns the single-column
array (1, 2, 3) if "Rabbit" is the named area (C1:D3).

Syntax

Example

BASE

Converts
a positive
integer to a specified base into a text from the numbering system
. The digits 0-9 and the letters A-Z are used.

Syntax

BASE(Number;
Radix;
[Minimum length])

number is the positive integer to be converted.

radix
indicates the base of the number system. It may be any positive
integer between 2 and 36.

Minimum length (optional) determines the
minimum length of the character sequence that has been created.
If the text is shorter than the indicated minimum length, zeros
are added to the left of the string.

Example

DECIMAL

Converts text with
characters from a number system to a positive integer in the
base radix given. The radix must be in the range 2 to 36. Spaces
and tabs are ignored. The text field
is not case-sensitive.

If
the radix is 16, a leading x or X or 0x or 0X, and an appended h
or H, is disregarded. If the radix is 2, an appended b or B is disregarded.
Other characters that do not belong to the number system generate
an error.

Syntax

DECIMAL(Text;
Radix)

text is the text to be converted. To differentiate
between a hexadecimal number, such as A1 and the reference to cell
A1, you must to place the number in quotation marks, for example,
"A1" or "AFFE".

radix indicates the base of the number
system. It may be any positive integer between 2 and 36.

Example

DOLLAR

Converts a number
to an amount in the currency format, rounded to a specified decimal
place. In the value field enter
the number to be converted to currency. Optionally, you may enter
the number of decimal places in the decimals
field. If no value is specified, all numbers in currency format
will be displayed with two decimal places.

You set the currency format in your system
settings.

Syntax

DOLLAR(value;
decimals)

value is a number, a reference to a cell
containing a number, or a formula which returns a number.

Example

FIXED

Specifies
that a
number be displayed with a fixed number of decimal places and with
or without a thousands separator. This function can be used to apply
a uniform format to a column of numbers.

Syntax

FIXED(Number;
decimals; no thousands separators)

Number refers
to the number to be formatted.

Decimals refers
to the number of decimal places to be displayed.

No thousands separators
(optional) determines whether the thousands separator is used.
If the parameter is a number not equal to 0, the thousands separator
is suppressed. If the parameter is equal to 0 or if it is missing
altogether, the thousands separators of your current locale setting are displayed.

Syntax

Example

REPLACE

Replaces
part of
a text string with a different text string. This function can be
used to replace both characters and numbers (which are automatically
converted to text). The result of the function is always displayed
as text. If you intend to perform further calculations with a number
which has been replaced by text, you will need to convert it back
to a number using the VALUE function.

Any text containing numbers must be enclosed
in quotation marks if you do not want it to be interpreted as a
number and automatically converted to text.

Syntax

REPLACE(text;
position; length; new text)

text refers
to text of which a part will be replaced.

position refers
to the position within the text where the replacement will begin.

length
is the number of characters in text
to be replaced.

new text refers to the text which replaces
text .

Example

REPLACE("1234567";1;1;"444")
returns "444234567". One character at position 1 is replaced by
the complete new text .

Example

SEARCH

Returns
the position
of a text segment within a character string. You can set the start
of the search as an option. The search text can be a number or any
sequence of characters. The search is not case-sensitive.

Example

T

This function converts
a number to a blank text string.

Syntax

T(value)

value
is the value to be converted. Also, a reference can be used as a
parameter. If the referenced cell includes a number or a formula
containing a numerical result, the result will be an empty string.

Example

T(12345) becomes
an empty string "", if 12345 is formatted as a number. T("12345")
returns 12345.

Syntax

ROT13

Encrypts a character string by moving the characters
13 positions in the alphabet. After the letter Z, the alphabet
begins again (Rotation). By applying the encryption function again
to the resulting code, you can decrypt the text.

Syntax

ROT13(Text)

Text is the character string to be encrypted.
ROT13(ROT13(Text)) decrypts the code.

DAYSINYEAR

Calculates the number of days of the year in which
the date entered occurs.

Syntax

DAYSINYEAR(Date)

Date is any date in the respective year. The
Date parameter must be a valid date according to the locale settings
of Lotus Symphony.

Example

=DAYSINYEAR(A1)
returns 366 days if A1 contains 1968-02-29, a valid date for the year
1968.

DAYSINMONTH

Calculates the number of days of the month in which
the date entered occurs.

Syntax

DAYSINMONTH(Date)

Date is any date in the respective month of
the desired year. The Date parameter must be a valid date according
to the locale settings of Lotus Symphony.

Example

=DAYSINMONTH(A1)
returns 29 days if A1 contains 1968-02-17, a valid date for February
1968.

WEEKS

Calculates the difference in weeks between two
dates.

Syntax

WEEKS(StartDate;
EndDate; Type)

StartDate is the first date

EndDate is the second date

Type calculates the type of difference. The
possible values are 0 (interval) and 1 (in numbers of weeks).

WEEKSINYEAR

Calculates the number of weeks of the year in which
the date entered occurs. The number of weeks is defined as follows:
a week that spans two years is added to the year in which most days
of that week occur.

Syntax

WEEKSINYEAR(Date)

Date is any date in the respective year. The
Date parameter must be a valid date according to the locale settings
of Lotus Symphony.

Example

WEEKSINYEAR(A1)
returns 53 if A1 contains 1970-02-17, a valid date for the year 1970.

Add-ins through Lotus Symphony API

Add-ins can also be implemented through the Lotus Symphony API.

Add-in Functions,
List of Analysis Functions Part One

To
access this command...

Create - Function - Category Add-In

BESSELI

Calculates the modified Bessel function.

Syntax

BESSELI(X; N)

X is the value on which the function will
be calculated.

N is the order of the Bessel function

BESSELJ

Calculates the Bessel function (cylinder function).

Syntax

BESSELJ(X; N)

X is the value on which the function will
be calculated.

N is the order of the Bessel function

BESSELK

Calculates the modified Bessel function.

Syntax

BESSELK(X; N)

X is the value on which the function will
be calculated.

N is the order of the Bessel function

BESSELY

Calculates the modified Bessel function.

Syntax

BESSELY(X; N)

X is the value on which the function will
be calculated.

N is the order of the Bessel function

BIN2DEC

The result is the decimal number for the binary
number entered.

Syntax

BIN2DEC(Number)

Number is a binary number. The number can
have a maximum of 10 places (bits). The most significant bit is the
sign bit. Negative numbers are entered as two's complement.

Example

=BIN2DEC(1100100) returns 100.

BIN2HEX

The result is the hexadecimal number for the binary
number entered.

Syntax

BIN2HEX(Number;
Places)

Number is a binary number. The number can
have a maximum of 10 places (bits). The most significant bit is the
sign bit. Negative numbers are entered as two's complement.

Places means the number of places to be output.

Example

=BIN2HEX(1100100;6) returns 000064.

BIN2OCT

The result
is the octal number for the binary number entered.

Syntax

BIN2OCT(Number;
Places)

Number is a binary number. The number can
have a maximum of 10 places (bits). The most significant bit is the
sign bit. Negative numbers are entered as two's complement.

Places means the number of places to be output.

Example

=BIN2OCT(1100100;4) returns 0144.

DELTA

The result is TRUE (1) if both numbers, which are
delivered as an argument, are equal, otherwise it is FALSE (0).

Syntax

DELTA(Number1;
Number2)

Example

=DELTA(1;2) returns 0.

DEC2BIN

The result
is the binary number for the decimal number entered between -512 and
511.

Syntax

DEC2BIN(Number;
Places)

Number is a decimal number. If Number is negative,
the function returns a binary number with 10 characters. The most
significant bit is the sign bit, the other 9 bits return the value.

Places means the number of places to be output.

Example

=DEC2BIN(100;8) returns 01100100.

DEC2HEX

The result is the hexadecimal number for the decimal
number entered.

Syntax

DEC2HEX(Number;
Places)

Number is a decimal number. If Number is negative,
the function returns a hexadecimal number with 10 characters (40 bits).
The most significant bit is the sign bit, the other 39 bits return
the value.

Places means the number of places to be output.

Example

=DEC2HEX(100;4) returns 0064.

DEC2OCT

The result is the octal number for the decimal
number entered.

Syntax

DEC2OCT(Number;
Places)

Number is a decimal number. If Number is negative,
the function returns an octal number with 10 characters (30 bits).
The most significant bit is the sign bit, the other 29 bits return
the value.

Places means the number of places to be output.

Example

=DEC2OCT(100;4) returns 0144.

ERF

Returns values of the Gaussian error integral.

Syntax

ERF(LowerLimit;
UpperLimit)

LowerLimit is the lower limit of the integral.

UpperLimit is optional. It is the upper limit
of the integral. If this value is missing, the calculation takes places
between 0 and the lower limit.

Example

=ERF(0;1) returns 0.842701.

ERFC

Returns complementary values of the Gaussian error
integral between x and infinity.

Syntax

ERFC(LowerLimit)

LowerLimit is the lower limit of the integral

Example

=ERFC(1) returns 0.157299.

GESTEP

The result is 1 if Number is greater than or equal to Step.

Syntax

GESTEP(Number;
Step)

Example

=GESTEP(5;1) returns 1.

HEX2BIN

The result is the binary number for the hexadecimal
number entered.

Syntax

HEX2BIN(Number;
Places)

Number is a hexadecimal number. The number
can have a maximum of 10 places. The most significant bit is the sign
bit, the following bits return the value. Negative numbers are entered
as two's complement.

Places is the number of places to be output.

Example

=HEX2BIN(64;8) returns 01100100.

HEX2DEC

The result is the decimal number for the hexadecimal
number entered.

Syntax

HEX2DEC(Number)

Number is a hexadecimal number. The number
can have a maximum of 10 places. The most significant bit is the sign
bit, the following bits return the value. Negative numbers are entered
as two's complement.

Example

=HEX2DEC(64) returns 100.

HEX2OCT

The result is the octal number for the hexadecimal
number entered.

Syntax

HEX2OCT(Number;
Places)

Number is a hexadecimal number. The number
can have a maximum of 10 places. The most significant bit is the sign
bit, the following bits return the value. Negative numbers are entered
as two's complement.

IMABS

Syntax

Complex number:
the complex number is entered in the form "x + yi" or "x + yj"

Example

=IMABS("5+12j")
returns 13.

IMAGINARY

The
result is the imaginary coefficient of a complex number.

Syntax

IMAGINARY(Complex
number)

Complex number:
the complex number is entered in the form "x + yi" or "x + yj"

Example

=IMAGINARY("4+3j")
returns 3.

IMPOWER

The result
is the integer power of a complex number.

Syntax

IMPOWER(Complex
number;Number)

Complex
number: the complex number is entered in the form "x + yi" or "x
+ yj"

Number: the exponent.

Example

=IMPOWER("2+3i";2)
returns -5+12i.

IMARGUMENT

The
result is the argument (the phi angle) of a complex number.

Syntax

IMARGUMENT(Complex
number)

Complex number:
the complex number is entered in the form "x + yi" or "x + yj"

Example

=IMARGUMENT("3+4j")
returns 0.927295.

IMCOS

The result
is the cosine of a complex number.

Syntax

IMCOS(Complex
number)

Complex number:
the complex number is entered in the form "x + yi" or "x + yj"

Example

=IMCOS("3+4j")
returns -27.03-3.85i (rounded).

IMDIV

The result
is the division of two complex numbers.

Syntax

IMDIV(Numerator;Denominator)

Numerator, Denominator: the
complex numbers are entered in the form "x + yi" or "x + yj"

Example

=IMDIV("-238+240i";"10+24i")
returns 5+12i.

Syntax

IMEXP(Complex
number)

Complex number:
the complex number is entered in the form "x + yi" or "x + yj"

IMEXP

The result
is the power of e (the Eulerian number) and the complex number.

Example

=IMEXP("1+j")
returns 1.47+2.29j (rounded).

IMCONJUGATE

The
result is the conjugated complex complement to a complex number.

Syntax

IMCONJUGATE(Complex
number)

Complex number:
the complex number is entered in the form "x + yi" or "x + yj"

Example

=IMCONJUGATE("1+j")
returns 1-j.

IMLN

The result
is the natural logarithm of a complex number.

Syntax

IMLN(Complex
number)

Complex number:
the complex number is entered in the form "x + yi" or "x + yj"

Example

=IMLN("1+j")
returns 0.35+0.79j (rounded).

IMLOG10

The result
is the common logarithm of a complex number.

Syntax

IMLOG10(Complex
number)

Complex number:
the complex number is entered in the form "x + yi" or "x + yj"

Example

=IMLOG10("1+j")
returns 0.15+0.34j (rounded).

IMLOG2

The result
is the binary logarithm of a complex number.

Syntax

IMLOG2(Complex
number)

Complex number:
the complex number is entered in the form "x + yi" or "x + yj"

Example

=IMLOG2("1+j")
returns 0.50+1.13j (rounded).

IMPRODUCT

The
result is the product of up to 29 complex numbers.

Syntax

IMPRODUCT(Complex
number;Complex number 1;...)

Complex number: the complex numbers are
entered in the form "x + yi" or "x + yj"

Example

=IMPRODUCT("3+4j";"5-3j")
returns 27+11j.

IMREAL

The result
is the real coefficient of a complex number.

Syntax

IMREAL(Complex
number)

Complex number:
the complex number is entered in the form "x + yi" or "x + yj"

Example

=IMREAL("1+3j")
returns 1.

IMSIN

The result
is the sine of a complex number.

Syntax

IMSIN(Complex
number)

Complex number:
the complex number is entered in the form "x + yi" or "x + yj"

Example

=IMSIN("3+4j")
returns 3.85+27.02j (rounded).

IMSUB

The result
is the subtraction of two complex numbers.

Syntax

IMSUB(Complex
number 1;Complex number 2)

Complex
number: the complex numbers are entered in the form "x + yi" or
"x + yj"

Example

=IMSUB("13+4j";"5+3j")
returns 8+j.

IMSUM

The result
is the sum of up to 29 complex numbers.

Syntax

IMSUM(Complex
number 1;Complex number 2;...)

Complex number: the complex numbers are
entered in the form "x + yi" or "x + yj"

Example

=IMSUM("13+4j";"5+3j")
returns 18+7j.

IMSQRT

The result
is the square root of a complex number.

Syntax

IMSQRT(Complex
number)

Complex number:
the complex numbers are entered in the form "x + yi" or "x + yj"

Example

=IMSQRT("3+4i")
returns 2+1i.

COMPLEX

The
result is a complex number which is returned from a real coefficient
and an imaginary coefficient.

Syntax

COMPLEX(Real
num;I num;Suffix)

Real
num: the real coefficient of the complex number.

I num: the imaginary coefficient of
the complex number.

Suffix:
list of options, "i" or "j".

Example

=COMPLEX(3;4;"j")
returns 3+4j.

OCT2BIN

The result
is the binary number for the octal number entered.

Syntax

OCT2BIN(Number;Places)

Number: the octal number.
The number can have a maximum of 10 places. The most significant
bit is the sign bit, the following bits return the value. Negative
numbers are entered as two's complement.

Places: the number of places to be output.

Example

=OCT2BIN(3;3)
returns 011.

OCT2DEC

The result
is the decimal number for the octal number entered.

Syntax

OCT2DEC(Number)

Number: the octal number.
The number can have a maximum of 10 places. The most significant
bit is the sign bit, the following bits return the value. Negative
numbers are entered as two's complement.

Example

=OCT2DEC(144)
returns 100.

OCT2HEX

The result
is the hexadecimal number for the octal number entered.

Syntax

OCT2HEX(Number;Places)

Number: the octal number.
The number can have a maximum of 10 places. The most significant
bit is the sign bit, the following bits return the value. Negative
numbers are entered as two's complement.

Places: the number of places to be output.

Example

=OCT2HEX(144;4)
returns 0064.

CONVERT_ADD

Converts
a value from one unit of measure to the corresponding value in another
unit of measure. Enter the units of measures directly as text in
quotation marks or as a reference. If you enter the units of measure
in cells, they must correspond exactly with the following list which
is case sensitive: For example, in order to enter a lower case l
(for liter) in a cell, enter the apostrophe ' immediately followed
by l.

Examples:

=CONVERT_ADD(10;"km";"mi")returns,
rounded to two decimal places, 6.21. 10 Kilometers equal 6.21 miles.
The k is the permitted prefix character for the factor 10^3.

FACTDOUBLE

The
result is the factorial of the number with increments of 2.

Syntax

FACTDOUBLE(Number)

Number: if the number is
even, the following factorial is calculated: n*(N-2)*(n-4)*...*4*2.

If the number is uneven,
the following factorial is calculated: n*(N-2)*(n-4)*...*3*1.

Example

=FACTDOUBLE(6)
returns 48.

Operators in Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets

You can use the following operators
in Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets:

Arithmetical Operators

These
operators return numerical results.

Table 43. Arithmetical operators

Operator

Name

Example

+ (Plus)

Addition

1+1

- (Minus)

Subtraction

2-1

- (Minus)

Negation

-5

* (asterisk)

Multiplication

2*2

/ (Slash)

Division

9/3

% (Percent)

Percent

15%

^ (Caret)

Exponentiation

3^2

Comparative operators

These
operators return either true or false.

Table 44. Comparative operators

Operator

Name

Example

= (equal sign)

Equal

A1=B1

> (Greater than)

Greater than

A1>B1

< (Less than)

Less than

A1<B1

>= (Greater than or equal to)

Greater than or equal to

A1>=B1

<= (Less than or equal to)

Less than or equal to

A1<=B1

<> (Inequality)

Inequality

A1<>B1

Text operators

The
operator combines separate texts into one text.

Table 45. Text operators

Operator

Name

Example

& (And)

text concatenation AND

"Sun" & "day" is "Sunday"

Reference operators

These
operators return a cell range of zero, one or more cells.

Range has the highest precedence, then intersection,
and then finally union.

Table 46.

Operator

Name

Example

: (Colon)

Range

A1:C108

! (Exclamation point)

Intersection

SUM(A1:B6!B5:C12)

Calculates the sum of all cells
in the intersection; in this example, the result yields the sum of
cells B5 and B6.

~ (Tilde)

Concatenation or union

Takes two references and returns a reference
list, which is a concatenation of the left reference followed by the
right reference. Double entries are referenced twice. See note below
this table.

Reference concatenation using a tilde character is a new operator.
When a formula with the tilde operator exists in a document that is
opened in previous versions of the software, an error is returned.
A reference list is not allowed inside an array expression.

Menus and toolbars in Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets

This section provides detailed information about the main
menu entries and the toolbar icons.

Menus of Lotus Symphony Spreadsheets

The following section lists the help topics available
for menus and dialogs.

The window containing the document you want to work on must
be selected in order to use the menu commands. Similarly, you must
select an object in the document to use the menu commands associated
with the object.

The menus are context sensitive. This means that those menu
items are available that are relevant to the work currently being
carried out. If the cursor is located in a text, then all of those
menu items are available that are needed to edit the text. If you
have selected graphics in a document, then you will see all of the
menu items that can be used to edit graphics.

These commands apply to the current document, open a
new document, or close the application.

File menu in Spreadsheets

These commands apply to the current document, open a
new document, or close the application.

The Protect Document command prevents changes
from being made to cells in the sheets or to sheets in a document.
As an option, you can define a password. If a password is defined,
removal of the protection is only possible if the user enters the
correct password.