Every Full disk encryption program I tried only encrypts/decrypts thefirst (boot) disk at boot time.Drivecrypt Plus Pack can encrypt/decrypt other disks but you can only"mount" them in the application in Windows. They're not "mounted" atboot time like the first disk.

Is there a FDE program able to encrypt/decrypt multiple disks at boottime?

Post by Luca VillaEvery Full disk encryption program I tried only encrypts/decrypts thefirst (boot) disk at boot time.Drivecrypt Plus Pack can encrypt/decrypt other disks but you can only"mount" them in the application in Windows. They're not "mounted" atboot time like the first disk.Is there a FDE program able to encrypt/decrypt multiple disks at boottime?

PGP whole disk encryption. You can download it and try it for 30 days.After that it decrypts your disk so you can still use your data.

Post by Luca VillaEvery Full disk encryption program I tried only encrypts/decrypts thefirst (boot) disk at boot time.Drivecrypt Plus Pack can encrypt/decrypt other disks but you can only"mount" them in the application in Windows. They're not "mounted" atboot time like the first disk.

That's not true. DriveCrypt Plus Pack *will* mount other encrypteddrives / partitions at boot time if they have been encrypted with thesame key as the boot partition.

Post by Luca VillaSafeBoot and Anssi,does it decrypt every disk at (pre)boot time without further action?

Usually not as this would take a LONG time. Usually the disk(s) arekept encrypted all the time, and only reads from are decrypted intomemory. Any product which had to decrypt the whole disk when youlogged in and encrypted it all again when you shut down would be verytiresome indeed.

Post by Sebastian G.Which is exactly what he means: The key is provided and the encrypted disksare mounted.

Tiresome... Luca specifically said "does it decrypt every disk" - whoare we to second guess what he/she is thinking? Many people don'tunderstand the difference between media encryption and fileencryption- for all we know Luca may have been thinking that the driveis decrypted on boot, with all the risks therefore of leaving plaintext exposed if the machine is poorly shut down (battery dies forexample).

I meant: (assuming single-partitioned disks) does't it mount everyencrypted disk at boot time?I use Drivecrypt Plus Pack and, when I put my pre-boot password, itunfortunately only mounts my first encrypted disk, leaving the othersunmounted.To be able to read these other disks I have to wait for Windows toload, then open the Drivecrypt Plus Pack *application*, and from that,mount them.

Post by Luca VillaI meant: (assuming single-partitioned disks) does't it mount everyencrypted disk at boot time?I use Drivecrypt Plus Pack and, when I put my pre-boot password, itunfortunately only mounts my first encrypted disk, leaving the othersunmounted.To be able to read these other disks I have to wait for Windows toload, then open the Drivecrypt Plus Pack *application*, and from that,mount them.

Since you"re obviously not seriously concerned with security, why don't yousimple make up your made and simple leave the other disks unencrypted? Evenfurther, you could decrypt the primary disk as well. Saves you typing apassword, performance, a lot of struggle - with no reduction in security!

Post by Luca VillaI meant: (assuming single-partitioned disks) does't it mount everyencrypted disk at boot time?I use Drivecrypt Plus Pack and, when I put my pre-boot password, itunfortunately only mounts my first encrypted disk, leaving the othersunmounted.To be able to read these other disks I have to wait for Windows toload, then open the Drivecrypt Plus Pack *application*, and from that,mount them.

Since you"re obviously not seriously concerned with security, why don't yousimple make up your made and simple leave the other disks unencrypted? Evenfurther, you could decrypt the primary disk as well. Saves you typing apassword, performance, a lot of struggle - with no reduction in security!

I think Luca that Seb would rather you abandoned your computer andwrote everything in invisible ink encrypted with a one time pad onrice paper, then ate it.

yes Luca - with SafeBoot every disk/partition is available after youbooted your machine. You don't have to mount them one at a time - thatwould be very tiresome.

Post by Sebastian G.Since you"re obviously not seriously concerned with security, why don't yousimple make up your made and simple leave the other disks unencrypted? Evenfurther, you could decrypt the primary disk as well. Saves you typing apassword, performance, a lot of struggle - with no reduction in security!

I think Luca that Seb would rather you abandoned your computer andwrote everything in invisible ink encrypted with a one time pad onrice paper, then ate it.

Nonsense. I'd suggest he should use some serious encryption software, notthis proprietary, closed-source snakeoil from a vendor with a horriblesecurity history. Haing a disk encrypted with DCPP is no more secure thanwriting the password onto a sticker, sticking on the monitor.

Post by SafeBoot Simonyes Luca - with SafeBoot every disk/partition is available after youbooted your machine. You don't have to mount them one at a time - thatwould be very tiresome.

Post by Sebastian G.Since you"re obviously not seriously concerned with security, why don't yousimple make up your made and simple leave the other disks unencrypted? Evenfurther, you could decrypt the primary disk as well. Saves you typing apassword, performance, a lot of struggle - with no reduction in security!

I think Luca that Seb would rather you abandoned your computer andwrote everything in invisible ink encrypted with a one time pad onrice paper, then ate it.

Nonsense. I'd suggest he should use some serious encryption software, notthis proprietary, closed-source snakeoil from a vendor with a horriblesecurity history. Haing a disk encrypted with DCPP is no more secure thanwriting the password onto a sticker, sticking on the monitor.

1. an open-source full disk encryption solution doesn't exist

2. an open-source full disk encryption solution with pre-boot multi-disk mounting is even more far from existing

4. "open source" doesn't necessarily mean "more secure". It depends onwho make the updates. See the case of JAP where an update was done bythe police to intercept a person.An attacker can update a shared-source product much easier than aclosed-source product.

5. I bet $100000 on the falsity of your statement "Haing a diskencrypted with DCPP is no more secure than writing the password onto asticker, sticking on the monitor". Do you accept?

Let me lead you by the hand:https://www.pgp.com/downloads/sourcecode/srcrequest.html

You attempt to compile it and then tell me.

Post by Luca Villa- Truecrypt: it says "Release scheduled for: February 4, 2008" underthe "Future" page... Probably they use a time machine..Does it do pre-boot multi-disk mounting?

It now says Feb 5. In any case it seems clear its release is imminent.Your silly sarcasm in the face of generous gifts from others - theTruecrypt team - only makes you look an ungrateful churl.

As for the details of its capabilities, you can be the first to describeto the world the results of your investigations.

Post by Luca Villa- DiskCryptor: seems interesting but I'm not willing to risk all mydata with a "0.2.5 beta" FDE program...

It seems that there is no advantage so great that you cannot overcome itor find fault with it. However, since the code is open-source, feel freeto improve it to better suit your exquisitely discerning tastes.

Aside from it being the ultimate match for the crypto snake-oil FAQ, it hada very horrible security history. Not locking memory properly, weak entropycollection, insecure ACLs, privilege escalation vulnerabilities, ...

Nonsense. The security of open source crypto relies on the fact that you cancheck the implementation for sufficient correctness. For closed sourcecrypto, one should assume that the non-perfect programmers got at least oneimportant detail wrong.

Post by Luca Villa5. I bet $100000 on the falsity of your statement "Haing a diskencrypted with DCPP is no more secure than writing the password onto asticker, sticking on the monitor". Do you accept?

Post by Sebastian G.Aside from it being the ultimate match for the crypto snake-oil FAQ, it hada very horrible security history. Not locking memory properly, weak entropycollection, insecure ACLs, privilege escalation vulnerabilities, ...

Maybe you can give us some references? Some actual occurrences ofDCPP's security being broken?

Post by Sebastian G.Aside from it being the ultimate match for the crypto snake-oil FAQ, it hada very horrible security history. Not locking memory properly, weak entropycollection, insecure ACLs, privilege escalation vulnerabilities, ...

Maybe you can give us some references? Some actual occurrences ofDCPP's security being broken?

blessings,created the Jewish people in order to show that this was not owing to lackof power.

646. The Synagogue did not perish, because it was a type. But, because itwas only a type, it fell into servitude. The type existed till the truthcame, in order that the Church should be always visible, either in the signwhich promised it, or in substance.

647. That the law was figurative.

648. Two errors: 1. To take everything literally. 2. To take everythingspiritually.

649. To speak against too greatly figurative language.

650. There are some types clear and demonstrative, but others which seemsomewhat far-fetched, and which convince only those who are alreadypersuaded. These are like the Apocalyptics. But the difference is that theyhave none which are certain, so that nothing is so unjust as to claim thattheirs are as well founded as some of ours; for they have none sodemonstrative as some of ours. The comparison is unfair. We must not put onthe same level and confound things, because they seem to agree in one point,while they are so different in another. The clearness in divine thingsrequires us to revere the obscurities in them.

It is like men, who employ a certain obscure language among themselves.Those who should not understand it would understand only a foolish meaning.

651. Extravagances of the Apocalyptics, Preadamites, who would baseextravagant opinions on Scripture will, for example, base them

corrupt principles,in reigning power in them, and in full possession of them, that areseeds of hell fire. These principles are active and powerful, exceedingviolent in their nature, and if it were not for the restraining hand ofGod upon them, they would soon break out, they would flame out after thesame manner as the same corruptions, the same enmity does in the heartsof damned souls, and would beget the same torments as they do in them.The souls of the wicked are in scripture compared to the troubled sea,Isa. 57:20. For the present, God restrains their wickedness by hismighty power, as he does the raging waves of the troubled sea, saying,"Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further;" but if God should withdrawthat restraining power, it would soon carry all before it. Sin is theruin and misery of the soul; it is destructive in its nature; and if Godshould leave it without restraint, there would need nothing else to makethe soul perfectly miserable. The corruption of the heart of man isimmoderate and boundless in its fury; and while wicked men live here, itis like fire pent up by God's restraints, whereas if it were let loose,it would set on fire the course of nature; and as the heart is now asink of sin, so if sin was not restrained, it would immediately turn thes

obtaining converting grace, that they have neverdone yet. It may be they hope that they are something better than theywere; but then the pleasing dream all vanishes again. If they are toldthat they trust too much to their own strength and righteousness, theycannot unlearn this practice all at once, and find not yet theappearance of any good, but all looks as dark as midnight to them. Thusthey wander about from mountain to hill, seeking rest, and finding none.When they are beat out of one refuge, they fly to another; till they areas it were debilitated, broken, and subdued with legal humblings; inwhich God gives them a conviction of their own utter helplessness andinsufficiency, and discovers the true remedy in a clearer knowledge ofChrist and His gospel.

When they begin to seek salvation, they are commonly profoundly ignorantof themselves; they are not sensible how blind they are; and how littlethey can do towards bringing themselves to see spiritual things aright,and towards putting forth gracious exercises in their own souls. Theyare not sensible how remote they are from love to God, and other holydispositions, and how dead they are in sin. When they see unexpectedpollution in their own hearts, they go about to wash away their owndefilements, and make themselves clean; and they weary themselves invain, till God shows them that it is in vain, and that their help is notwhere they have sought it.

But some persons continue wandering in such a kind of labyrinth, tentimes as long as others, before their own experience will convince themof their insufficiency; and so it appears not to be their own experienceonly, but the convincing influence of God's Holy Spirit with theirexperience, that attains the effect. God has of late abundantly shownthat He does not need to wait to have men convinced by long and oftenrepeated fruitless trials; for in multitudes of instances He has made ashorter work of it.

of his wretchedness to the others, because the greater our fall,the more wretched we are, and vice versa. The one party is brought back tothe other in an endless circle, it being certain that, in proportion as menpossess light, they discover both the greatness and the wretchedness of man.In a word, man knows that he is wretched. He is therefore wretched, becausebe is so; but he is really great because he knows it.

417. This twofold nature of man is so evident that some have thought that wehad two souls. A single subject seemed to them incapable of such suddenvariations from unmeasured presumption to a dreadful dejection of heart.

418. It is dangerous to make man see too clearly his equality with thebrutes without showing him his greatness. It is also dangerous to make hissee his greatness too clearly, apart from his vileness. It is still moredangerous to leave him in ignorance of both. But it is very advantageous toshow him both. Man must not think that he is on a level either with thebrutes

And thus true believers have no pretext to follow that laxity, which is onlyoffered to them by the strange hands of these casuists, instead of the sounddoctrine which is presented to them by the fatherly hands of their ownpastors. And the ungodly and heretics have no ground for publishing theseabuses as evidence of imperfection in the providence of God over His Church;since, the Church consisting properly in the body of the hierarchy, we areso far from being able to conclude from the present state of matters thatGod has abandoned her to corruption, that it has never been more apparentthan at the present time that God visibly protects her from corruption.

For if some of these men, who, by an extraordinary vocation, have madeprofession of withdrawing from the world and adopting the monks' dress, inorder to live in a more perfect state than ordinary Christians, have falleninto excesses which horrify ordinary Christians, and have become to us whatthe false prophets were among the Jews; this is a private and personalmisfortune, which must indeed be deplored, but from which nothing can beinferred against the care which God takes of His Church; since

of the world in general are the same. Plerumque grataeprincipibus vices.[47]

355. Continuous eloquence wearies.

Princes and kings sometimes play. They are not always on their thrones. Theyweary there. Grandeur must be abandoned to be appreciated. Continuity ineverything is unpleasant. Cold is agreeable, that we may get warm.

Nature acts by progress, itus et reditus. It goes and returns, then advancesfurther, then twice as much backwards, then more forward than ever, etc.

The tide of the sea behaves in the same manner; and so, apparently, does thesun in its course.

356. The nourishment of the body is little by little. Fullness ofnourishment and smallness of substance.

357. When we would pursue virtues to their extremes on either side, vicespresent themselves, which insinuate themselves insensibly there, in theirinsensible journey towards the infinitely little; and vices presentthemselves in a crowd towards the infinitely great, so that we loseourselves in them and no longer see virtues. We find fault with perfectionitself.

358. Man is neither angel nor brute, and the unfortunate thing is that hewho would act the angel acts the brute.

359. We do not sustain ourselves in virtue by our own strength, but by thebalancing of two opposed vices, just as we remain upright amidst twocontrary gales. Remove one of the vices, and we fall into the other.

360. What the Stoics propose is so difficult and foolish!

The Stoics lay down that all those who are not at the high degree of wisdomare equally foolish and vicious, as those who are two inches under water.

361. The sovereign good. Dispute about the sovereign good.--Ut sis contentustemetipso et ex te nascentibus bonis.48 There is a contradi

162. He who will know fully the vanity of man has only to consider thecauses and effects of love. The cause is a je ne sais quoi (Corneille), andthe effects are dreadful. This je ne sais quoi, so small an object that wecannot recognise it, agitates a whole country, princes, armies, the entireworld.

Cleopatra's nose: had it been shorter, the whole aspect of the world wouldhave been altered.

163. Vanity.--The cause and the effects of love: Cleopatra.

164. He who does not see the vanity of the world is himself very vain.Indeed who do not see it but youths who are absorbed in fame, diversion, andthe thought of the future? But take away diversion, and you will see themdried up with weariness. They feel then their nothingness without knowingit; for it is indeed to be unhappy to be in insufferable sadness as soon aswe are reduced to thinking of self and have no diversion.

165. Thoughts.--In omnibus requiem quaesivi.21 If our condition were trulyhappy, we not need diversion from thinking of it in order to make ourselveshappy.

166. Diversion.--Death is easier to bear without thinking of it than is thethought of death without peril.

167. The miseries of human life has established all this: as men have seenthis, they have taken up diversion.

168. Diversion.--As men are not able to fight against death, misery,ignorance, they have taken it into thei

and made them the more earnest that they also might share in thegreat blessings that others had obtained.

This remarkable pouring out in the Spirit of God, which thus extendedfrom one end to the other of this county, was not confined to it, butmany places in Connecticut have partaken in the same mercy. Forinstance, the first parish in Windsor, under the pastoral care of theRev. Mr. Marsh, was thus blest about the same time as we in Northampton,while we had no knowledge of each other's circumstances. There has beena very great ingathering of souls to Christ in that place, and somethingconsiderable of the same work began afterwards in East Windsor, myhonored father's parish, which has in times past been a place favoredwith mercies of this nature, above any on this western side of NewEngland, excepting Northampton; there having been four or five seasonsof the pouring out of the Spirit to the general awakening of the peoplethere, since my father's settlement amongst them.

There was also the last spring and summer a wonderful work of Godcarried on at Coventry, under the ministry of the Rev. Mr. Meacham. Ihad opportunity to converse with some Coventry people, who gave me avery remarkable account of the surprising change that appeared in themost rude and vicious persons there. The like was also very great at thesame time in a part of Lebanon, called the Crank, where the Rev. Mr.Wheelock, a young gentleman, is lately settled: and there has been muchof the same at Durham, under the ministry of the Rev. Mr. Chauncey; andto appearance no small ingathering of souls there. Likewise amongst manyof the young people in the first precinct in Stratford, under theministry of the Rev. Mr. Gould; where the work was much promoted by theremarkable conversion of a young woman who had been a greatcompany-keeper, as it was here.

be gained, equals the finite goodwhich is certainly staked against the uncertain infinite. It is not so, asevery player stakes a certainty to gain an uncertainty, and yet he stakes afinite certainty to gain a finite uncertainty, without transgressing againstreason. There is not an infinite distance between the certainty staked andthe uncertainty of the gain; that is untrue. In truth, there is an infinitybetween the certainty of gain and the certainty of loss. But the uncertaintyof the gain is proportioned to the certainty of the stake according to theproportion of the chances of gain and loss. Hence it comes that, if thereare as many risks on one side as on the other, the course is to play even;and then the certainty of the stake is equal to the uncertainty of the gain,so far is it from fact that there is an infinite distance between them. Andso our proposition is of infinite force, when there is the finite to stakein a game where there are equal risks of gain and of loss, and the infiniteto gain. This is demonstrable; and if men are capable of any truths, this isone.

"I confess it, I admit it. But, still, is there no means of seeing the facesof the cards?" Yes, Scripture and the rest, etc. "Yes, but I have my handstied and my mouth closed; I am forced to wager, and am not free. I am notreleased, and am so made that I cannot believe. What, then, would you haveme do?"

True. But at least learn your inability to believe, since reason brings youto this, and yet you cannot believe. Endeavour, then, to convince yourself,not by increase of proofs of God, but by the abatement of your passions. Youwould like to attain faith and do not know the way; you would like to cureyourself of unbelief and ask the remedy for it. Learn of those who have beenbound like you, and who now stake all their possessions. These are peoplewho know the way which you would follow, and who are cured of an ill

A thought has escaped me. I wanted to write it down. I write instead that ithas escaped me.

371. When I was small, I hugged my book; and because it sometimes happenedto me to... in believing I hugged it, I doubted....

372. In writing down my thought, it sometimes escapes me; but this makes meremember my weakness, that I constantly forget. This is as instructive to meas my forgotten thought; for I strive only to know my nothingness.

373. Scepticism.--I shall here write my thoughts without order, and notperhaps in unintentional confusion; that is true order, which will alwaysindicate my object by its very disorder. I should do too much honour to mysubject, if I treated it with order, since I want to show that it isincapable of it.

374. What astonishes me most is to see that all the world is not astonishedat its own weakness. Men act seriously, and each follows his own mode oflife, not because it is in fact good to follow since it is the custom, butas

It would have been useless for Archimedes to have acted the prince in hisbooks on geometry, although he was a prince.

It would have been useless for our Lord Jesus Christ to come like a king, inorder to shine forth in His kingdom of holiness. But He came thereappropriately in the glory of His own order.

It is most absurd to take offence at the lowliness of Jesus Christ, as ifHis lowliness were in the same order as the greatness which He came tomanifest. If we consider this greatness in His life, in His passion, in Hisobscurity, in His death, in the choice of His disciples, in their desertion,in His secret resurrection, and the rest, we shall see it to be so immensethat we shall have no reason for being offended at a lowliness which is notof that order.

But there are some who can only admire worldly greatness, as though therewere no intellectual greatness; and others who only admire intellectualgreatness, as though there were not infinitely higher things in wisdom.

All bodies, the firmament, the stars, the earth and its kingdoms, are notequal to the lowest mind; for mind knows all these and itself; and thesebodies nothing.

All bodies together, and all minds together, and all their products, are notequal to the least feeling of charity. This is of an order infinitely moreexalted.

From all bodies together, we cannot obtain one little thought; this isimpossible and of another order. From all bodies and minds, we cannotproduce a feeli

element whichnow draws closest to us is that portion of the Orient with which theadventurer warred and sinned long ago, and which bears the deep scarsof sin and battle.

As the old hulk is moored alongside, in order that the man of Westernenterprise may cross with greater facility the gangplank and developlatent resources on the other side, the Easterner hurries across fromhis side to ours with no less eagerness, to pick up gold in a landwhere it seems so abundant to him. Almost unnoticed, the Orient istelescoping its way into the very heart of the Occident, and withfearful portent and peril, particularly to the Western woman.

This is not what is desired, but it will be inevitable. Exclusionlaws must finally give way before the pressure. Already the Orient isknocking vigorously at the door of the Occident, and unless admissionis granted soon, measures of retaliation will be operated to force anentrance. How to administer them the Orient already knows, for hasnot the door to his domicile been already forced open by the Westerntrader? The Orient is fast arming for the conflict.

The men of the days of sailing vessels, who went to the far East andmade sport of and trampled upon the virtue of the women of a weakernation, have not all died in peace, leaving their vices far offand gathering virtues about them to crown their old age withvenerableness. Some have lived to see that whatsoever man soweth thatshall he also reap. They have lived to see the tide setting in in theother direction, and the human wreckage of past vices swept by thecurrent of immigration close to their own domicile. Their own childrenare in danger of being engulfed in the polluting flood of Orientallife in our midst. After many days vices come home. Man sowed thewind; the

the United States, bythe Civil War, and we will have none of it again. It will never betolerated under the Stars and Stripes; and when you can think ofnothing else to do, you can always go aside and cry to the Judge ofall the earth to "execute righteousness and judgment for all that areoppressed," as He has promised to do, if we but call upon Him.

Now read on with a heart full of courage, not caring for the hauntingpain that will be left when you lay the book aside. What others havehad to suffer, you can at least endure to hear about, in order to puta check upon like suffering in the future, and in our own land, too.A country bathed in blood as ours has once been has met already itsterrible judgment for not throttling the monster, Slavery, in itsinfancy, before it cost so much blood and treasure. We will be wiseranother time, and refuse to trifle with such great wrongs. We cannotbrave the Omnipotent wrath in a second judgment for the same offense,lest He say to us: "Ye have not hearkened unto Me, in proclaimingliberty, everyone to his brother, and every man to his neighbor;behold, I proclaim a liberty unto you, saith

up. I thought I better get away beforeshe killed me. When she was having her hair washed and dressed Iran away. I had heard of the Mission, and inquired the way andcame to it. A white man brought me here. I am very happy now."While being brought to the Mission by this gentleman, she laidhold of his coat, and would not let go until she was safelyinside. It is significant that in this case and the following,methods of punishment allowed even unto death by Chinese law, areadministered by the mistresses of slaves in America.

No. 2. "One day I was playing in the street near my home inCanton, and a man kidnaped me. He said: 'Come with me; your mothertold me to take you to buy something for her, and you are to takeit back.' I have never seen my father and mother since. In 3 or 4days I was taken to the Hong Kong steamer. I dared not cry on thestreet, but on board the steamer I cried very much. The kidnapersaid: 'Don't you cry, or you will have the policeman after you,and they'll take you off to the foreign devils' prison.' At HongKong he sold me to a woman, and after staying at her house a fewdays she brought me to California. I had a yellow paper given me,but I don't know what it was. The woman told me I must say I wasborn in California. I came here last winter. I am 11 years old.I don't remember the name of the steamer. The woman sold me toanother woman.

San-Fat, petitioned the Colonial Secretary at Hong Kong in regard tothe custody of his little daughter, whom, "under stress of poverty,"he had given away to a man named Leung A-Tsit, the October previous,the understanding being that the latter should find her a husband whenshe grew up, and should not send her away to other ports. In May theparents learned from A-Sin, employed by Leung A-Tsit, that the latterwas going to take away the little girl to another place. After taxingthe man with this, and receiving only excuses in reply, the fatherpetitioned that Leung A-Tsit should be prevented from carrying outhis design. Leung A-Tsit filed a counter-petition, stating that TsangSan-Fat, being unable to support a family, handed over to him hislittle daughter, aged six years; that the little girl was to becomehis daughter and to be brought up by him, he paying $23 to theparents. He accused the father of trying to extort money from him, andappealed for "protection" from "impending calamities." Later, furtherfacts came out, showing that the father of the child had borrowed $5three years before from Leung A-Tsit, which, with interest at tencents per month for every dollar, now amounted to $23. The Septemberbefore, his creditor came and demanded payment, and when the fathertold him he had no money, and found it very difficult to providefor his family, Leung A-Tsit said: "Very well, you can give me yourdaughter instead, and when she is grown up I will find her a husband."It was finally agreed that he should have the little girl for $25,viz., the $23 already owing, an

of the better elements of Christiansociety at Singapore and Hong Kong, which could be played upon bytreacherous, corrupt officials by the flimsy device of calling theravishing of native women "protection," and the most brazen forms ofslavery "servitude." To this extent the individual Christians of thesecolonies are in many cases guilty of compromise with slavery; and tothis extent the title of this book applies to them.

The vices of European and American men in the Orient have not beenthe development of climate but of opportunity. It is not so easy inChristian lands to stock immoral houses with slaves, for the reasonthat the slaves are not present with which to do it. Women havefreedom and cannot be openly bought and sold even in marriage; womenhave self-reliance and self-respect in a Christian country; they havea clean, decent religion; women who worship the true God have Hisprotecting arm to defend themselves, and through them other womenwho do not personally worship God share in the benefits. If free,independent women of God were as scarce in America as in Hong Kong thesame moral conditions would prevail here, without regard to climate,for, _if women could be bought and sold and reduced by force toprostitution, there are libertines enough, and they have propensitiesstrong enough to enter at once upon the business, even in America_.That which has elevated women above this slave condition is thedevelopment of a self-respect and dignity born of the Christian faith.But let us take warni

-Ying cameand asked if she wanted two girls, as she had two who had comefrom Canton. "The girls were brought, and after being in the housea short time the Inspector came. I purposed having their namesentered on the following morning." The brothel-keeper was finedfive dollars for keeping an incorrect list of inmates. Ho-a-Yingwas convicted of giving false testimony, and fined fifty dollars;in default, three months' imprisonment. No information as to thedisposal of the girls, and no punishment for this bargaining inhuman flesh.

4. Six Chinese persons from licensed brothel No. 71, WellingtonStreet, were arraigned before the Registrar General, charged withbuying and selling girls for evil purposes, and also with sellinggirls to go to California, and with disturbing the peace. TheInspector described the house thus: "I found all the defendantson the first floor. I found six girls in the house and threechildren. The floor was very crowded ... four of the girls werein a room by themselves at the back of the house. They were allhuddled up together, and seemed frightened. The defendants werein the front part of the house. The girls at the back part of thehouse could not have got out without passing through the roomwhere the defendants were. This house has been known to me for along time as one where young girls were kept to be shipped off toCalifornia."

A watch-repairer and jeweler who had resided opposite this placefor three or four years decl

of Chinesewomen in 1899 to the public hospital at Singapore, besides numbersof other cases to private hospitals maintained by the keepers ofthe houses of ill-fame.

"Many passages in the correspondence give evidence of a continualimport traffic going on, which the head of the RegulationDepartment, the 'Protector of Chinese,' at Singapore, seems tohave made some effort to counteract. He speaks of ten girlsbetween 9 and 15 that he attempted to rescue from sale toa traveling dealer, but who were returned to their formersurroundings on a writ of _habeas corpus_ by the Supreme Court;but upon information in regard to this case reaching the Colonialoffice in London, correspondence ensued which resulted in Mr.Chamberlain directing an alteration of the law to meet the case ofthe prosecution which had so lamentably failed.

"The Protector of Chinese also tells of 'girls under ten years ofage who are bought and sold in the colony,' 'brought from Chinafor purposes of sale,' 'generally sold to inmates of brothels,'and of women who are 'in the habit of arriving from China withrelays of babies' for the same purpose. The Straits SettlementsGovernment thus attempts to cut off a twig here and there of thetree of this evil traffic, whilst leaving untouched the root andtrunk of the tree itself, the State protection of vice, by whichit is made practicable safely to invest large capital in this mostnefarious but lucrative traffic.

with him, and this Attorney General'slanguage betrays hot prejudice, lack of candor as regarded the facts,and insolence toward Sir John Smale.

The Attorney General has a fling at the Chief Justice as"impracticable," yet the only practical suggestion that the formermakes in his letter as to how to meet the conditions he seems to havetaken from Sir John Smale's own words upon which he was asked toexpress an opinion. The Chief Justice had said:

"I think the evils complained of might be lessened,--(1) By abetter registration of the inmates of brothels, and by frequentlybringing them before persons to whom they might freely speak as totheir position and wishes, and by such authoritative interferencewith the brothel-keepers as should keep them well in fear ofexercising acts of tyranny. (2) By a stringently enforced registerof all inmates of Chinese dwelling-houses, &c., (at least of allservants) with full inquiry into the conditions of servitude, andan authoritative restoration of unwilling servants to freedom fromservitude. This would apply to 10,000 (according to Dr. Eitel20,000) bond servants in Hong Kong."

The injustice of the attack of the Attorney General upon Sir JohnSmale was not ignored by Governor Hennessy, when he forwarded Mr.O'Malley's letter to London. He said:

"The apparent difference between Mr. O'Malley's views on brothelslavery and the views of Sir John Smale is due to the fact thatSir John Smale knew that the real brothel slavery exists in thebrothels where Chinese women are provided for European soldiersand sailors, whereas Mr. O'Malley, in discarding the use of theword slavery, does so on the assumption that all the Hong Kongbro

man who prostitutes the healing art to the service of libertines,in making it healthier, if possible, for them to defy the commandmentsof that same Divine Master. Such doctors are the offscouring of themedical profession.

A Chinaman one day entered Mr. Pickering's office at the Protectoratein Singapore, accused him of selling his brother into slavery, andtried to brain him with an axe. The blow was not fatal, but the"Protector," if living, is still in a mad house.

The attitude of the average official mind in this part of the world,among the British, as betrayed by innumerable expressions in their owndocuments, is perhaps most precisely put by Mr. Swettenham. BritishResident at Perak. Speaking of measures adopted to make vice morehealthy, he says: "As to the Chinese, the only question in the mindsof members (of the Council) was whether such an Order would not drivethe women from the state," and then he declares the measures wereintroduced cautiously and gradually ... "The steps already taken havebeen with the object of protecting Chinese women from ill treatmentand oppression in a state of life ... where the labour required iscompulsory prostitution for the benefit of unscrupulous masters ...and secondly, in the interest of public order and decency ..." "alwaysremembering that where the males so enormously outnumber the females,the prostitute is a necessary evil," "I have avoided any reference tothe moral question," continues Mr. Swettenham, "Morality is dependenton the influence of climate, religious belief, education, and thefeeling of society. All these conditions differ in different parts ofthe world."

work and worn out with crying, after the cruel punishment whichhad just been administered, the lonely little girl crawled on tothe hard wooden shelf which served as a bed, and with no coveringbut the dirty, forlorn garment worn through the day, had droppedoff to sleep. Thus she was easily captured and carried to theMission, where upon examination it was found that her head hadbeen severely cut from blows administered with a meat knife, thehair was matted with blood and the child's whole body was coveredwith filth, and showed signs of former punishments. After thefirst fears of "being poisoned" were allayed, Ngun Fah expressedherself as being very happy to be rescued from the sufferingand weariness of her life in Chinatown. Her master sent manyemissaries to the Home with offers of bribes, and many promisesof better treatment in the future, but all these overtures wererejected, and when at length the matter of guardianship came up,there was no one present to claim the child but her new friends atthe Mission Home.

No. 3. Suey Ying. Our dear baby was surely sent to dispel anyclouds of sadness which may be hovering round, for she takes allof life as a huge joke. And where did Suey Ying come from? From apart of Chinatown, dear friend, that you would not dare to enter,and the strangest thing about her coming is that she was carri

by purchase frombrothels, and as a consequence often have no children by them, hencethe high value of a child who can be purchased for a son. The realwife and family of the Chinese man generally remain in China, thematrimonial relations of the man in America being wholly spurious.This admixture of the brothel element with all Chinese home life inthe United States makes this country very undesirable as a residencefor virtuous Chinese women, and largely discourages the immigration ofrespectable Chinese wives, whose presence with their husbands mightgreatly tend to the uplifting of the entire Chinese community.

There are probably as many domestic slaves as brothel slaves among theChinese of the United States. Every well-to-do heathen Chinese familykeeps a slave or two, and the rich Chinese keep a large number.Polygamy is practiced, as at Hong Kong, to a larger extent thanprevails generally in China, and it is not uncommon to find a Chinesein California with from five to seven concubines. The Chinese manin the United States takes his domestic slave, if

such reports for the_Public_, and such an _Official Report_, "not _intended_ to be_published_"?

This same Dr. Murray's Annual Report for the _Public_ for1867, was _actually put in evidence before the House of Lords'Committee_ on venereal diseases--1868, page 135. "Venereal diseasehere has now become of _comparatively rare occurrence_." Yet the_Army_ Report for the previous year (1866, page 115) states that"the admissions to hospital for venereal disease were 281 per 1000men;" i.e., more than one man in four of the whole soldiery hadbeen in hospital for this "comparatively rare" disease.

As regards the Navy, Dr. Murray says, "the evidence of Dr.Bernard, the Deputy Inspector-General of Hospitals and Fleets, iseven more satisfactory. He writes (Jan. 27), 'I am enabled to saythat true syphilis is now rarely contracted by our men in HongKong.'" Yet the "China station," in which Hong Kong occupies soimportant a position, had at the time 25 per cent. more _secondary(true) syphilis than any other naval station in the world, exceptone (the S.E. American_); it had 101 of _primary (true) against68 in the North American_, 31 in the S.E. American, and 22 in theAustralian stations (_all unprotected_); and _gonorrhoea_ was_higher than in any other naval station in the world_. This_official_ misleading feature is to be found in other quartersthan Dr. Murray's Reports; for in the _Navy_ Report for 1873(p. 282), Staff Surgeon Bennett, medical officer of the shippermanently stationed in Hong Kong, says--"Owing to the excellentworking of the Contagio

still remains in the service of the Government,both at Singapore and at Hong Kong. By the ruse of denominating allthe tasks connected with the Government management of immoral housesat Singapore "protection," the Chief Inspector of brothels in thisplace holds a more honored place in the community than at Hong Kong.As to Mr. Scott's ironical questions in regard to that officer'srank, we cannot answer, nor whether he is invited to the Governor'sreceptions; but Mr. Scott would have been astounded, indeed, hadhe, like ourselves, first met the Chief Inspector of brothels at areception given to ministers of the Gospel and missionaries; had he,like ourselves, been introduced to the official by a minister of theGospel than whom none stands higher in British India, and that interms of eulogy of the Inspector's activity in Christian work. Howcan we explain such a state of affairs? Just as we would explain thereligiousness of early days of America and England associated with themonstrous cruelty of the slave traffic. There is often in connectionwith great human wrong great moral confusion, and without judging theindividuals living under such conditions, we can say emphatically,those conditions are most undesirable, and attended by moral peril,especially to the young. It is a truly lamentable thing when prolongedfamiliarity with vicious conditions leads to such lack of discernmentas to a man's true character, even among the best portion of acommunity. We do not wish such a state of things as this in America.

California does not lack in excellent laws (as they read, in theStatute Book), for the suppression of prostitution. There are lawsagainst procuring; against trading in Oriental women for evilpu

the case was reopened, and "evidence was givencalculated to throw the gravest doubts on the credibility of theinformers" against these five women. What was then done? Were theinformers punished for giving false evidence designed to workincalculable injury to five innocent women? Not at all. A few dayslater the same informers were employed again as witnesses, and securedthe conviction of three more women. In one case, in 1870, it wasproved that an informer had entered a house and made an indecentassault upon a woman, doubtless expecting to get his reward as usual.But he was fined ten pounds instead. But how many others may havedone the same thing under circumstances where a sufficient number ofwitnesses to the assault could not be produced. And then, the manwould be rewarded and the woman forced at once to take up herresidence in a licensed house of shame. The Acting Registrar Generalplayed the part of informer during 1870, and punished as judge thewoman he accused before himself,--for the law, as we have said, thatcame into force in 1867 gave the Registrar General both prosecutingand judicial powers. He probably also induced the woman on Governmentmoney to commit adultery with him. Then as the judge he wouldconfiscate the money again, and give her a fine of fifty dollarsinstead. We wonder if he likewise gave himself a "substantial awardfrom the bench," as the Registrar General was accustomed to give otherinformers when they succeeded in getting evidence sufficient forconviction. It is noticed by the Commission that one woman this sameyear escaped by the roof at the peril of her life. No one knows howmany more may have done the same.

An inspector, Peterson, and a constable, Rylands, each induced womenon the street to accept money of them, and these women were punishedas prostitutes in hiding and not registere

is under the age of sixteen years, may ... order suchgirl to be removed to a place of safety," etc., etc. The way seemedperfectly clear under such laws, to secure the safety of the children.

At the door of the Refuge we were glad to escape from our jinrikshasinto the cool shade of the house. The Matron seemed much troubled, andspoke of things that she had not understood previously, but now thatshe had learned many things from our investigations and from her ownquestioning of the girls, they had taken on a painful meaning to her.

Our hearts grew heavier and heavier as we talked together. TheMatron, said: "Why, I thought when I came here it was to do a regularChristian work for these girls. That was my purpose, but the more Iinquire into the matter, and study over the things I am expected to doand ask no questions, such as sending girls over to the Lock Hospitalat the Chief Inspector's request, the more I feel that I am beingworked for purposes of which I cannot approve. I cannot stay here."

At last we got to ask her about her talk with the Inspector. "Whatdid he say when you told him what we discovered the

would be the surest way ofallowing them to get quickly beyond control. "But you cannot make menmoral by act of parliament, and it is foolish to try; to put a man injail will not change him from a thief into an honest man." "But," youreply, "we do not punish men for stealing and for murder for their owngood, but for the good of the community at large." Certainly. Thenwhat becomes of the argument that because men will not become pure byact of parliament they are to be allowed to commit their depredationsunmolested? The primary object of law is not reformatory butprotective,--for the victims of lawlessness.

Our great Law-Giver, Jesus Christ, admitted a certain necessity ofevil, but He did not say, "therefore license it, to keep it withinbounds." He said, "It _must needs be_ that offenses come." But Hisremedy for keeping the offenses within bounds was, "woe to that man bywhom the offense cometh." As inevitably as the offense was committedso invariably must the punishment fall on the offender's head. Thatis the only way to keep any evil within bounds. This is the principlethat underlies all law.

These Hong Kong officials who believed in the licensing of brothelslavery and brought it about, have much to say about the "unfortunatecreatures" who were the victims of men. But if the advocate of licenseis self-deceived in his attitude towar

During this year, an inspector named Johnsonpresented a woman with a counterfeit dollar, and because she acceptedthe money she was condemned as a keeper of an unregistered house, andfined twenty-five dollars. This sum she would be less able to pay thanthe average American woman ten times as much, so low are wages in thatcountry.

In 1862, an inspector of brothels, a policeman, and the Bailiff ofthe Supreme Court, acted as informers; also in eleven cases Europeanconstables in plain clothes, and on two occasions a master of a ship.In 1863 the sworn belief alone of the inspector secured convictions in10 cases. In 1864, as far as the records show, public money was firstused by informers to induce women to commit adultery with them, inorder to secure their conviction, fine them, and enroll their abodesas registered brothels. Inspector Jones and Police Sergeant Daly,having spent ten dollars in self-indulgence in native houses, theGovernment reimbursed them and punished the women.

In 1865, on three separate occasions, the "Protector," (ActingRegistrar General Deane), "declared" houses, nine in number. Soon anysort of testimony was gladly welcomed, and Malays, East Indians andChinese all turned informers, and money was not only given them withwhich to open the way for debauchery, but awards upon conviction ofthe women with whom they consorted. "The Chinese used for this workwere chiefly Lokongs, [native police constables], Inspector Peterson'sservant and a cook at No. 8 Police Station. The depositions showthat in at least five cases the police and their informers receivedrewards. Three times their exertions were remunerated by sums oftwenty dollars, although in one of these instances the evidence wasapparently volunteered. Arch and Collins [Europeans] once got fivedollars each, and Chinese constables received similar amounts." Inmany of

proper exists. What I assert is that family life does not, in theproper Chinese sense, exist in Hong Kong, and that although, undercertain very restricted conditions, the buying and selling, andadopting and taking as concubines, boys and girls in China proper,is permitted as exceptions to the penalties inflicted by Chineselaw in China proper, these conditions do not exist in Hong Kong;and that the conditions necessary to these exceptions in theirfavor in the Chinese Criminal Code do not exist in Hong Kong,and that the penalties would apply, if in China, to all suchtransactions as I have denounced in Hong Kong, of that I have nodoubt. Dr. Eitel's vindication is of a system as recognized in anexpress exception to the Penal Code in China proper, which may,for aught I know, work well in China. What I have said is that thepractices in Hong Kong do not come within the cases which are onlythe exception to the penal enactments in the Chinese Code againstall such bondage in China. I have never said ... that all buyingand selling of children for adoption or domestic service iscontrary to Chinese law. What I have said is that all such buyingand selling of children as has come within my cognizance in HongKong is contrary to Chinese law; but I do think that buying andselling even for adoption and domestic servitude under the bestcircumstances, constitutes slavery; legal according to Chineselaw, but illegal according to British law. Reference is made toChinese gentlemen; I believe that not one of them has his 'house'in Hong Kong; the wife (small-footed) is kept at the family homein China. Each of them has his harem only in Hong Kong. There maybe an

new ones are gotfrom Canton. If these girls are not slaves in every sense of theword, there is no such thing as slavery in existence. If thisbuying and selling for the purpose of training female children upfor this life is not slave-dealing, then never was such a thingas slave-dealing in this world. There are 18,000 to 20,000prostitutes in Hong Kong to 4,000 or 5,000 respectable Chinesewomen.... Once in five years the stock has to be renewed. It isfor this purpose, and not for the legitimate or quasi-legitimatepurposes of Chinese adoption and Chinese family life, thatchildren and women are kidnaped and bought and sold ... Untilthis slave-holding and slave-dealing are entirely suppressed, thegrosser abuses arising out of it and incidental to it (kidnapingof women and children) can never be put an end to."

It was on May 20th, 1880, that the Secretary of State asked for thefirst statement of Sir John Smale's views as to kidnaping and domesticslavery. His reply is dated August 26th, and in it he refers toreasons for his delay in replying, of which the Governor is "wellaware." His supplementary letter enclosing the Memorandum of slaveryby Mr. Francis, was dated Nov. 24th, 1880. On April 2nd, 1881, hewrote a third time to the Colonial Secretary, from which we gatherthat even up to that time his explanations had not been forwarded toLord Kimberley, Secretary of State. Said he:

"I had hoped that these letters would have been forwardedlast year, in the belief that they might have induced a lessunfavorable view by Lord Kimberley of my judicial action as tothese matters, and with the more important object of presentingwhat appears to me to be the great gravity of the evils I havedenounced, as they affect the moral status of the Colony, in orderthat some remedy may be applied to them.... I am informed that HisExcellency the Governor ha

are on the inside track here, as to makingmoney through these slaves. The building has been erected and isowned by Americans, and one man of European name is a partner in theimmediate management of the place. On our first visit to this buildingwe were informed on reliable information that there were 125 Japaneseand over 50 Chinese girls in the place, and 100 more were expected toarrive within a few days. Besides these, there are also Chinese slavesin almost every Chinese settlement throughout the United States. InCalifornia, they are to be found largely at San Francisco, Oakland,Sacramento, Stockton, Fresno, Bakersfield, San Jose, Watsonville,Monterey and Los Angeles. Willing or unwilling, the Chinese prostituteis none the less a slave, bought and sold at pleasure from one toanother, earning wealth for others and never for herself. Recently,three girls who were taken from a den in San Francisco, declared thatthey had been sold for three thousand dollars apiece to the keeper,and that they were flogged when their earnings for the keeper fellbelow three hundred dollars each a month. If the prostitute were notwilling to be a slave, that would not procure her liberty,--it wouldonly procure her more abuse than the willing slave. On the shipcoming over, the slaves are well drilled in their task on arrival, ofswearing themselves into slavery, and well threatened if they dareto disobey. Then they are packed with stories as to the terriblecharacter of Americans, particularly the rescue workers. One Chinesegirl concluded she would take all the abuse of the rescue home ratherthan forego a chance for liberty, though she knew of no reason todisbelieve the fearful warnings she had received. On the first nightof her arrival she did not undress nor go to bed when the other girlsretired. Someone found her standing about, and asked her why shewas not off for bed. She replied p

infanticide will extremely increase beyond what it ever was. Theheinousness of the violation of the great Creator's benevolence,which constitutes infanticide, is beyond comparison with theindulgence granted to the system of buying and selling children toprolong their existence."

As though these benevolent persons only bought slaves for this onelaudable purpose, to preserve their lives! "As regards the buyers,they look upon themselves as affording relief to distressed people,and consider the matter as an act akin to charity," etc.

A flood of light is let in upon the matter of the reluctance ofBritish officials to move in the putting down of domestic slavery andthe buying and selling of boys among the natives, in the followingwell-deserved thrust at the weak point in the armor of the Britishofficials:

"The office of the Registrar-General was charged with thesuperintendence of prostitutes and the licensing of brothelsand similar affairs. But _from 80 to 90 per cent of all theseprostitutes in Hong Kong were brought into these brothels bypurchase, as is well known to everybody_. If buying and selling isa matter of a criminal character, the proper thing would be, firstof all, to abolish this evil (brothel slavery). But how comesit that since the first establishment of the Colony down to thepresent day the same old practice prevails in these licensedbrothels, and has never been forbidden or abolished?"

public could hardly have been devised, and it ispainful to reflect that the whole arrangement is the product ofWestern civilization, such scenes being utterly unknown in Chinaexcept in the treaty ports, where public prostitution has alsobeen introduced by Europeans.

Taking Singapore as a sample of the working of this system ofregulated vice in the Straits Settlements, we will now proceedto inquire into the means by which this army of prostitutes isrecruited. Out of the total of 1,800 prostitutes in Singapore theChinese women number on the average 1,600, and last year (1892) noless than 621 women entered brothels from China and Hong Kong, inspite of which the number of inmates fell from 1,657 in Januaryto 1,601 in December, so that it may fairly be inferred that morethan 650 women are required annually to fill up the vacancieswhich occur. In order to explain the manner in which this largenumber of girls and young women are obtained each year, it must bestated that all the affairs connected with the inmates of housesof ill-fame in the Straits Settlements are in the hands ofthe brothel-keepers. These persons in Penang have formed a"Brothel-keepers' Guild," which appears in the Report of theChinese Protectorate as one of the registered societies of thattown and boasts of 297 members. The brothel-keepers of Singaporeare probably banded together in the same way, and in proportion tothe numb

10 p.m. until 5 a.m., but failed in hiserrand. Why did she not turn him out of the house? Women werefrequently fined for daring to resent the aggressions of theseinformers. In one case a man was struck for trying to obstruct thearrest of a girl of 14, and later was punished. This girl was provedto be a virgin afterwards. Many women and girls, against whom therewas no sufficient evidence, were sent to the Lock Hospital forexamination in order to determine in that manner their character. Inhalf-a-dozen cases or so, it is recorded that the result determinedthe virginity of the person. But such a test as this rests upon theaccidental presence of an exceptional condition among even virgins,and what became of those who did not answer to the exceptional test,and yet were as pure as the rest? They would everyone of them beconsigned to the fate of a brothel slave.

One informer, "with the assistance of public money, and in theinterests of justice," according to the Commission's report, sinnedwith a child of fifteen in order to get her name on the register.Inspector Horton bargained for the deflowering of a virgin of 15, "inthe interests of justice," with the owner of the slave child. Thechild as well as the owner were then taken to the Lock Hospital, wherethe latter was proved to be a virgin. A Chinese informer consortedwith a girl named Tai-Yau "against her will, which led to his beingrewarded, and to her being fined one hundred dollars." She was unableto pay the fine, and sold her little boy in part payment for it, inorder to escape a life of prostitution.

But need we go into further painful details? There are hundreds moreof such cases of cruel wrong on record, and God alone knows how manythousands of cases there are that have never been put on record. Weonly aim to give a case here

office of the Protector of Chinese, to be questioned as to theirwillingness to lead a life of shame; but the value of thisinterrogation may be inferred from the fact that the subordinateofficer to whom this duty is generally assigned is not acquaintedwith the language spoken by the women. As a further precautionagainst the illegal detention of women and girls in brothels, aGovernment notice is posted in each of these houses, to the effectthat the inmates are perfectly at liberty to leave whenever theylike, but this is of little use, as hardly any of them can read,and it would be more to the purpose if the Government ordered theremoval of the bars from the doors and windows of the brothels.The fact is that these precautions against illegal detention arepractically useless, and this is admitted even by the editor ofsuch a paper as the _Hong Kong Daily Press_, who some time agodiscussed the question _apropos_ of the suicide of a Hong Kongprostitute who was desirous of being married. The man who wishedto marry her offered the pocket-mother a sum of $2,000, but shedemanded $2,300 and refused to part with the woman for less;whereupon she hung herself. The following comments on this caseare from the _Hong Kong Daily Press_:

"It would appear on the face of it that the efforts of theGovernment are absolutely impotent

but four weeks and five days old. Herparents being very poor and having several other children, she wasdisposed of to a man who was a friend of the father. The wife,however, was an inmate of an immoral house. Part of the time thechild was kept there and part of the time in a family house wherewe often saw her in our rounds of visiting prior to the earthquakeand fire. We did not know but that she belonged to the family inwhose care we saw her.

"After the fire the man returned to China, leaving the woman andchild. The woman took to abusing the child, and word was broughtto us of the condition of things. We appeared on the scene onemorning about 10 o'clock with an officer. Leaving him outside, weentered, and found the woman and child eating breakfast. Threeother women and two men soon came in. After talking for a while Isaw the woman was anxious to get the child away from the table, soI informed her we had come to take her, and proceeded to do so,catching the child up and darting into the street, leaving myinterpreter and the officer to follow. We ran several blocks,followed by the irate woman. Finally hailing a man with a horseand wagon, we sprang in and were driven away to where we couldtake the street cars for home. The child did some screaming andcrying, at first. But once we were seated in the street car, hertears were dried and her little tongue rattled along at a rapidrate; she was delighted to get away.

"The case was in court for some weeks, but the woman was afraidto appear, and had no one to assist her but the lawyer, and as hecould not prove any good reason why the child should remain withan immoral woman, we were given the guardianship."

No. 9. A young girl came to San Francisco from China as amerchant's wife, and missionaries used to visit her at he

woman.When the mother got better she worked two years and saved untilshe had enough money to buy the child back, but the cruel womanwho had got possession of it refused to give it up unless paidthree times as much as was originally borrowed. The mother couldnot do this, and finally, hearing of the Mission, reported thecase there. The baby was traced to a horrible den in Church alley,where it was in the possession of a notorious brothel-keeper. Themother secretly visited the Matron at the Mission, who had securedthe child, urging her to keep possession of the baby, saying shewould not dare testify against the woman on the witness stand, asit would cost her her life. The case was a long time in court, butafter six months the Judge committed the child to the Home, andthe mother was made very happy.

No. 6. She ran into the Mission leading her little son. She waschased to the very door of the Mission, but kept her pursuersat bay, by means of a policeman's whistle which she held in hermouth, walking backward and threatening to blow it if they daredtouch her child. She was a widow with this only child, and herrelatives were bound to se

to give himthe information that we held at that time, and hold to the presentday,--dozens of papers of committment to the Lock Hospital forcompulsory examinations both in his own handwriting and in that ofthe Protector. And some of these cases, as the records we have copiedshow, were those of perfectly innocent girls, acknowledged to bevirgins, until assaulted by these abominable medical officials androbbed of the fresh bloom of maidenly chastity.

The official spoke of the work of the Protectorate as "Rescue work,and that only," in so far as it dealt with women. But it must be bornein mind that the "Protector" of women and girls was likewise theRegistrar of brothels; and that the rules and regulations under theWomen and Girls' Protection Ordinance provided, in both Singapore andHong Kong, for every detail in the management of brothels, even to thegranting of a permit to keep a brothel, and the description of the"duties" of brothel-keepers. Surely this part of the Protector'swork cannot be called "Rescue work," as we are accustomed to use thephrase.

According to the Annual Report of the Protectorate for 1893, 1,183women and girls entered brothels with the sanction of the Protector;and quite apart from any discussion of whether this sanction shouldhave been given or not, it is quite apparent that this also was not"Rescue work."

During the same year 1,034 women and girls left the brothels ofSingapore, and it is apparent that we must look among these mainly forrescued cases. Of this 1,034 the following account is given:

We have an explanation in the Protector's own words of what is meantby a girl who has "absconded." "It is common now, when an ownernotices one of her girls contracting a continued intimacy with a malevisitor (and therefore to be suspected of an intention to appl

They had learned to love our Home life, had united with ourChristian Endeavor Society and had become interested in all ourwork, and we would be quite unreconciled to their departure did wenot know that our missionaries in Shanghai stand ready to receiveand care for them when they arrive.

No. 6. Seen Fah. The first beams of the rising sun shone brightand hopefully into a pleasant room in the Presbyterian MissionHome one morning last autumn. It threw its cheerful radiance overa group of three gathered there to plan an important undertaking,lighting the bright, eager faces of two young Chinese girls, andgiving renewed courage to the anxious heart of the Superintendent.What important event had to be discussed? What serious matterdecided? News had reached the Mission Home, a few hours before,of a young Chinese girl just landed in San Francisco and sold forthree thousand dollars. Plans to save this helpless and innocentchild, before it was too late, were the subject of discussion atthat early morning meeting. In such a serious undertaking everypossibility of failure must be carefully guarded against. Eachpossible device of the wily Highbinder slave-owner must heconjectured and frustrated. So the three planned this campaign:"When is Detective ---- coming?" asked Chan Yuen, as a step soundedon the quiet street below. "At six he promised to be here with oneof his trustiest men. It is best to reach Chinatown early, thatour coming may not be signaled by those on the streets at a laterhour. If the alarm is given, every slave den will be doubly boltedand barred; and perhaps little Seen Fah, whom we wish to save,will be spirited away beyond reach of help." Well did thequestio

to describe tothose who have not witnessed the same in China. Men bore aloft greatdragons and fishes innumerable, of all sizes and shapes, (but verytrue to life), given a natural color and lighted up within, likeChinese lanterns. These were held aloft on the ends of long poles, andas the men who carried them were invisible, because of the darkness,and trod noiselessly because of bare, or merely sandaled feet, theimpression was of an immense train of these creatures floating orswimming silently through the air.

The procession was made up of men of all sorts and kinds. Great fatmen with enormous fans panted along, and little boys ran by their sidewith stools upon which they gravely seated themselves wheneverthe line of march was halted for a moment. Little boys progressedpainfully along with the rest, walking on their hands, with their feetthrown up into the air, or spinning along on all fours like wheels,or going through various other antics. And, contrary to anything thatcould have happened away from the open ports of China, there were manywomen in the parade, and girls too. They were on horseback, in sedanchairs, borne on wheeled platforms, like our "Goddess of Liberty"representations on the Fourth of July; walking, and sometimes ridingon bullocks. We counted 150 women in all. These were dressed andpainted up in such a style that a single glance showed they belongedto the disreputable class, and their old "pocket-mothers,"

the Government is powerless to touch.Exeter Hall in possession of these facts would indeed have a themefor pious lucubrations."

Commenting upon the same case the _Singapore Free Press_ says:

"A recent investigation into a case of suicide in Hong Kong bringsinto strong prominence what is really a system of slavery of theworst kind, and which is not unknown in Singapore."

Such testimony is valuable from papers which have consistentlysupported the Contagious Diseases Ordinances and vilified theopponents of the State regulation of vice. There can be littledoubt that a large proportion of the girls and young women who arebrought to the Straits Settlements for immoral purposes have beensold in China to the brothel-keepers' confederates. In many casesgirls are thus sold by their parents for the payment of gamblingand other debts, and sometimes, alas, to provide money for thepurchase of opium. Surely it is a burning shame that BritishColonies should have become the market for the sale of Chinese

the family. An acquaintance there told herthat she could earn as much as thirty dollars a month at sewing inCalifornia, and he could secure her passage for her at economicalcost. She returned to her home and consulted her parents, and theythought the chance a good one, so bidding her little ones good bye,she returned to Hong Kong and paid for the ticket, being instructedthat a certain woman would meet her at the wharf at San Francisco whomshe must claim as her "mother," since the immigration laws were sostrict that she must pass herself off as the daughter of this woman(for this daughter, who was now in China, having lived in the UnitedStates was entitled to return to her mother). Reader, have you evertraveled on another's ticket? If so, or if you have known a professingChristian to have done so, do not be too harsh in your judgment ofthis heathen, and declare she deserved the terrible fate that overtookher. The "mother" met the sewing-woman, brought her to Oakland, andimprisoned her in a horrible den to earn money for her. With utmostcaution our missionary friend rescued her. The Captain of Police andother officers were

there of thetree of this evil traffic, whilst leaving untouched the root andtrunk of the tree itself, the State protection of vice, by whichit is made practicable safely to invest large capital in this mostnefarious but lucrative traffic.

"Page 4 of this Correspondence shows that an ordinance was passedin 1899, imposing very heavy fines and imprisonment on any keeperof a brothel who allowed any of the inmates suffering fromcontagious disease to remain in the house. This has led to asystem of private arrangements with medical men for the periodicalsanitary inspection and treatment of the inmates.

"At page 19 the Acting Colonial Surgeon says: 'A large number ofJapanese houses had some time before made private arrangementswith my partner, Dr. Mugliston and myself, for medical attendance,and the rumor regarding the intended legislation induced mostof the remainder to follow their example during the month ofSeptember. The increase of Japanese inmates

for large sums of money, which go to theirowners.... The regular earnings of the girls go to the samequarters, and the unfortunate creatures obviously form subjectsof speculation to regular traders in this kind of business, whoreside beyond our jurisdiction. In most of the regular houses, theinmates are more or less in debt to the keepers, and though suchdebts are not legally enforceable, a custom stronger than lawforbids the woman to leave the brothel until her debts areliquidated, and it is only in rare cases that she does so." "As tothe brothel-keepers, there is nothing known against them, and theyare supported by capitalists. Mr. Lister speaks of them as 'ahorrible race of cruel women, cruel to the last degree, who use aningenious form of torture, which they call prevention of sleep,'which he describes in detail.... It seems that although theBrothel Ordinances did not call into being this 'horrible,''cruel,' and 'haughty' race of women, they have armed them withob

informer had insinuated himself. The woman denied havingever accepted it of him, yet she was convicted on that evidence alone.With rewards offered to men of the lowest character, who would securethe conviction of women so that the latter could be forced into thelife of open prostitution, all the presumptive evidence should haveturned such a case as this against the informer. Many similar casesof the conviction of women of being keepers and inmates of secretbrothels, were secured on this sort of evidence. One young girl of 14was entrapped by marked money being found in her toilet table. Thecourt records showed that this was the second time she had beenentrapped in this manner. This second time she was convicted and sentto the Lock Hospital where, upon examination, exceptional conditionsdemonstrated beyond doubt that she was still a virgin. But what of themany young girls with whom exceptional conditions did not exist, when_they_ were brought to the examination table?

During the year 1873, two women were severely injured by jumping outof their windows to escape the informers. One fractured her leg.

The cook of Inspector King testified in the Registrar General's court:"Yesterday I received orders of Mr. King to go to Wanchai, and see ifI could catch some unlicensed prostitutes." This man was employed,and his employer orders him off to this wicked business, and he musteither obey or take his discharge. A Chinese servant ordered t

but he "did not seem disposed to enforce the rightsof the father, on the ground that he had sold the child." The Governorconcludes: "I did not agree with his view of the law."

The last case was referred back to the Acting Police Magistrate toknow why the woman, Leung A-Luk, was allowed to go unprosecuted. ThePolice Magistrate replied: "It appeared to me that 4th defendant(Leung A-Luk) being a well-to-do woman, and having no children of herown, had purchased the girl with a view to adopting her." He adds:"When Acting Superintendent of Police last year, I wished to prosecutea man for detaining a child ... but as it was shown that the boy hadbeen sold by his father some months previously, the Attorney Generalconsidered the purchaser was _in loco parentis_, [in the place of aparent] and could not be purchased."

On the two cases to which the attention of the Governor had beenbrought, the Attorney General reported:

"With the greatest respect for the Chief Justice, I doubt thepolicy of prosecuting the woman he refers to, having regard to thefact that the magistrate had discharged her for want of testimony,an

methods were declared unwise andunpractical, simply because his methods endangered prostitution in theform of brothel-slavery. Says Mr. Pickering in conclusion:

"I myself profess to be a Christian, and endeavor according to mylight, and as far as my nature will allow, to conform my conductto the standards of my religion; while holding these principles, Icertainly feel that I should not be acting in accordance with thewishes of my Master, were I not to advocate most strongly that healingshould be extended to the poor, the helpless, and afflicted, whetherthey be harlots or any other kind of sinners, who; unless theGovernment assist them by forced examinations, will suffer and oftendie in misery from the want of medical assistance." Perhaps the mostcharitable view to take of this creature is that suggested by himself.He was a Christian, he claims, "as far as my nature will allow." Hadhis nature only allowed him to see further, he would have perceiveda distance as wide as heaven is from hell between the conduct of theDivine Master who "went about healing all that were oppressed," andthe man who prostitutes the healing art to the service of libertines,in making it healthier, if possible, for them to defy the commandmentsof that same Divine Master. Such doctors are the offscouring of themedical profession.

A Chinaman one day entered Mr. Pickering's office at the Protectoratein Singapore, accused him of selling his brother into slavery, andtried to brain him with an axe. The blow was not fatal, but the"Protector," if living, is sti

in the following language: "The Colonial Government has not, I think,attached sufficient weight to the very grave fact that in a BritishColony large numbers of women should be held in practical slavery forthe purposes of prostitution, and allowed in some cases to perishmiserably of disease in the prosecution of their employment, and forthe gain of those to whom they suppose themselves to belong. A classof persons who by no choice of their own are subjected to suchtreatment have an urgent claim on the active protection ofGovernment."

Hong Kong, the British colony, had existed but fourteen years whenthis was written. Only a handful of fishermen and cottagers were onthe island before the British occupation. Its Chinese population hadcome from a country where, as we have seen, laws against the buyingand selling, detaining and kidnaping human beings were not unfamiliar.Only eleven years had elapsed since the Queen's proclamation againstslavery in that colony had been published to its inhabitants, and yet,during that time, slavery had so advanced at Hong Kong, againstboth Chinese and British law, as to receive this recognition andacknowledgment on the part of the Secretary of State at London:

1st, That it is a "grave fact that" at Hong Kong "large numbers ofwomen" are "held in practical slavery."

2nd, That this slavery is "for the gain of those to whom theysuppose themselves to belong."

3rd, That it is so cruel that "in some cases" they "perishmiserably ... in the prosecution of their employment."

the Po Leung Kuk, organized originally at Hong Kong andSingapore to put down kidnaping. The Inspector one day, January 4th,1894, sent a girl of fifteen over to the Refuge with a note to theMatron, and on the following morning, ordered her sent to theLock Hospital for examination. We saw the recorded result of thatexamination in the handwriting of the doctor at the hospital, and itwas to the effect that the girl was suffering from disease due tovice. After that the Matron got a note from the Inspector saying: "AhMoi can be written off your books, as she has been sent to hospital,and after she leaves hospital she intends going to a house ofill-fame."

Now the rules forbade all religious instruction, or any sort ofinstruction in this Refuge, since the Chinese men who contributedto its support were opposed to women being taught anything. But theMatron had threatened to leave if she could not teach and train thegirls. So she was allowed, out of her own slender salary, to hire ateacher on her own account, and this she did. The good Christian manwhom she had hired came and told her he had learned that Ah Moi wasa good girl, and was from a

she must end her life. Would the Mission try to save thispoor girl? We gladly promised what help we could give, and ourvisitor left as quickly and mysteriously as he came, only leavingfor our guidance a roughly sketched diagram of alley and housewhere the little captive could be found. There followed muchplanning and plotting. Our staunch friend, Sergeant Ross of theChinatown squad, was summoned and consulted. The place was adifficult one to reach, but at last satisfactory plans were made,the day and hour set. There were three officers and three Chinesegirls from the Mission. It was a good-sized rescue party anddivided into three companies, we guarded well the three exits fromthe low-roofed house on Spofford alley. With Sergeant Ross leadingand our courageous young interpreter at our side, we stealthilyascended the dark, narrow stairs to the second floor, where aheavy door barred the way, but for such obstacles our good officerwas prepared. A few blows of his strong hammer made bolts and barsyield. We passed through into a small dark passage. From therecould be heard on all sides sounds of excitement; light feetrunning hither and thither to places of escape, only to be turnedback by the sight of our guards, who stood on watch. As wecautiously felt our way further in we were met by the baffled andangry keeper of the den--a woman, but not worthy the name. Shefiercely demanded our business--there was no need to tell it,for she knew as well as we; but she wished

That "protected woman"extended his name as "protector" over the inmates of her secretbrothel; and into that house protected largely from officialinterference, purchased and kidnaped girls were introduced and rearedfor the trade in women. The sensitive point seems to have been thatan enforcement of the anti-slavery laws would have interfered in manyinstances with the illicit relations of the foreigner, exposing himto ignominy and sending the mother of his children to prison. It wassufficient for the "protected" woman to say, when the officer of thelaw rapped at her door, "This is not a brothel, but the privatefamily residence of Mr. So-and-So," naming some foreigner,--perhapsa high-placed official,--and the officer's search would proceed nofurther.

It was claimed that this slavery, and also domestic slavery, whichsprang up so suddenly after the settlement of Hong Kong by theBritish, was the outgrowth of Chinese customs, and could not besuppressed but with the greatest difficulty, and their suppressionwas an unwarrantable interference with Chinese customs, Sir CharlesElliott having given promise from the first that such customs shouldnot be interfered with. But, as we have shown, that promise was onlymade, "pending Her Majesty's pleasure," which had been very plainlyand pointedly expressed later as opposed to slavery.

As to the matter of "custom," Sir John Smale, Chief Justice ofHong Kong, said, in 1879, in the Supreme Court, on the occasion ofsentencing prisoners for slave trading and kidnaping:

"Can Chinese slavery, as it _de facto_ exists in Hong Kong, beconsidered a Chinese custom which can be brought within the intentand meaning of either of the proclamations of 1841 so as to besanctioned by the proclamations? I assert that it cannot.... Acustom is 'such a usage as by common consent and uniform practicehas become a law.' In 1841 there could have been no custom of

doubts by the action of these sameChinese as soon as Sir John Smale set to work in earnest toexterminate slavery, and declared in his court a year later than theformation of this Chinese Society:

"I was given to understand that buying children by respectableChinamen as servants was according to Chinese customs, and that toattempt to put it down would be to arouse the prejudices of theChinese.... Humanity is of no party, and personal liberty is to beheld the right of every human being under British law.... Whateverthe law of China may be, the law of England must prevail here. IfChinamen are willing to submit to the law, they may remain, buton condition of obeying the law, whether it accords with theirnotions of right or wrong or not; and if remaining they actcontrary to the law, they must take the consequences."

Sir John Smale's utterance created intense feeling among these Chinesemerchants, who at once called upon the Governor to represent theirviews and to protest. The Governor informed them that "slavery in anyform could not be allowed in the Colony." They protested that theirsystem of adoption and of obtaining girls for domestic purposes wasnot slavery; "an

861. The Church is in an excellent state when it is sustained by God only.

862. The Church has always been attacked by opposite errors, but perhapsnever at the same time, as now. And if she suffer more because of themultiplicity of errors, she derives this advantage from it, that theydestroy each other.

She complains of both, but far more of the Calvinists, because of theschism.

It is certain that many of the two opposite sects are deceived. They must bedisillusioned.

Faith embraces many truths which seem to contradict each other. There is atime to laugh, and time to weep, etc. Responde. Ne respondeas,215 etc.

The source of this is the union of the two natures in Jesus Christ; and alsothe two worlds (the creation of a new heaven and a new earth; a new life anda new death; all things double, and the same names remaining); and finallythe two natures that are in the righteous (for they are the two worlds, anda member and image of Jesus Christ. And thus all the names suit them:righteous, yet sinners; dead, yet living; living, yet dead; elect, yetoutcast, etc.).

There are then a great number of truths, both of faith and of morality,which seem contradictory and which all hold good together in a wonderfulsystem. The source of all heresies is the exclusion of some of these truths;and the source of all the objections which the heretics make against us isthe ignorance of some of our truths. And it generally happens that, unableto conceive the connection of two opposite truths, and believing that theadmission of one involves the exclusion of the other, they adhere to theone, exclude the other, and think of us as opposed to them. Now exclusion isthe cause of their heresy; and ignorance that we hold the other truth causestheir objections.

Hence it comes that men so much love noise and stir; hence it comes that theprison is so horrible a punishment; hence it comes that the pleasure ofsolitude is a thing incomprehensible. And it is, in fact, the greatestsource of happiness in the condition of kings that men try incessantly todivert them and to procure for them all kinds of pleasures.

The king is surrounded by persons whose only thought is to divert the kingand to prevent his thinking of self. For he is unhappy, king though he be,if he think of himself.

This is all that men have been able to discover to make themselves happy.And those who philosophise on the matter, and who think men unreasonable forspending a whole day in chasing a hare which they would not have bought,scarce know our nature. The hare in itself would not screen us from thesight of death and calamities; but the chase, which turns away our attention

--A God humiliated, even to the death on thecross; a Messiah triumphing over death by his own death. Two natures inJesus Christ, two advents, two states of man's nature.

766. Types.--Saviour, father, sacrificer, offering, food, king, wise,law-giver, afflicted, poor, having to create a people whom He must lead andnourish and bring into His land...

Jesus Christ. Offices.--He alone had to create a great people, elect, holy,and chosen; to lead, nourish, and bring it into the place of rest andholiness; to make it holy to God; to make it the temple of God; to reconcileit to, and, save it from, the wrath of God; to free it from the slavery ofsin, which visibly reigns in man; to give laws to this people, and engravethese laws on their heart; to offer Himself to God for them, and sacrificeHimself for them; to be a victim without blemish, and Himself thesacrificer, having to offer Himself, His body, and His blood, and yet tooffer bread and wine to God...

Ingrediens mundum.[154]

"Stone upon stone."

What preceded and what followed. All the Jews exist still and are wanderers.

767. Of all that is on earth, He partakes only of the sorrows, not of thejoys. He loves His neighbours, but His love does not confine itself withinthese bounds, and overflows to His own enemies, and then to those of God.

768. Jesus Christ typified by Joseph, the beloved of his father, sent by hisfather to see his brethren, etc., innocent, sold by his brethren for twentypieces of silver, and thereby becoming their lord, their sa

often gives them theadvantage in the opinion of the hearers, such favour have the imaginary wisein the eyes of judges of like nature. Imagination cannot make fools wise;but she can make them happy, to the envy of reason which can only make itsfriends miserable; the one covers them with glory, the other with shame.

What but this faculty of imagination dispenses reputation, awards respectand veneration to persons, works, laws, and the great? How insufficient areall the riches of the earth without her consent!

Would you not say that this magistrate, whose venerable age commands therespect of a whole people, is governed by pure and lofty reason, and that hejudges causes according to their true nature without considering those meretrifles which only affect the imagination of the weak? See him go to sermon,full of devout zeal, strengthening his reason with the ardour of his love.He is ready to listen with exemplary respect. Let the preacher appear, andlet nature have given him a hoarse voice or a comical cast of countenance,or let his barber have given him a bad shave, or let by chance his dress bemore dirtied than usual, then, however great the truths he announces, Iwager our senator loses his gravity.

If the greatest philosopher in the world find himself upon a plank widerthan actually necessary, but hanging over a precipice, his imagination willprevail, though his reason convince him of his safety. Many cannot bear thethought without a cold sweat. I will not state all its effects.

Every one knows that the sight of cats or rats, the crushing of a coal,etc., may unhinge the reason. The tone of voice affects the wisest, andchanges the force of a discourse or a poem.

Love or hate alters the aspect of justice. How much greater confidence hasan advocate, retained with a large fee, in the justice of his cause! Howmuch better does his bold manner make his case appear to the

they must necessarily become to the women oftheir own family and acquaintance! A young woman managed to get arequest for help sent to a rescue worker. The missionary respondedby a carefully arranged plot for the identification of the girl. Itincluded the understanding that when the rescuer with the officershould enter the place, she was to have in her hands, and to raiseto her lips a handkerchief which the missionary had managed to getconveyed to her. They entered, saw her with the handkerchief heldto her face, at the little soliciting window, but the poor girl hadendured so much that at the sight of friends she lost her nerve andpresence of mind, fluttered her handkerchief, and cried out, "Oh,teacher!" Alas! a locked door still separated her from her rescuers,and the plot was exposed. She was dragged back, and became lost to therescue party. Other girls who escaped from the den afterwards told ofthe rest of the scene. Kick upon kick fell upon her poor little body,and the enraged owner of the brothel never ceased until she was deadand mashed almost to a jelly before the eyes of the other inmates, toteach them a lesson of warning against trying to escape. Let us notmourn. It was better so than to have been left alive unrescued. Thepity is that the keepers and the "Watch-dogs" hold them alive to theirtask as long as they do. The angels of heaven, God's rescue party, arenot far off from such victims, nor His angels of wrath and

display of vice is practically unknown in regions of Chinauninfluenced by Western civilization. Almost any wicked man, anytourist who would pay well, man or woman, could enter this place.The "Watch-dogs" were kept merely to prevent the entrance of missionworkers to rescue slaves, and these "Watch-dogs" were, and always are,American, or, at least European men, not Chinese.

There were more "Watch-dogs" than those about Sullivan Place, beforethe earthquake in San Francisco,--they were to be found in manyparts, always for the one purpose,--to resist interference with theenforcement of brothel slavery upon Chinese women. American menundertook this part of the business, because a certain timidity inthe Chinese character when dealing with American women, and a fear ofarousing race-prejudice, unfitted the Chinaman for coping with theAmerican women,--Miss Culbertson, the pioneer, now sainted, Miss Lake,Miss Cameron and Miss Davis, who have fought their brave battles formany years, to deliver the captives from the hand of the spoilers,often at the risk of life, unaided for the most part, unappreciatedand unsympathized with, by a guiltily ignorant Christian public, andtoo often persecuted by corrupt officials. Yet they have never stoodalone, but have always had the presence of their Master, and thesympathetic co-operation of a few ardent supporters,--Christian women,lawyers, magistrates, and other officials.

One of the "Watch-dogs" struck Miss Lake on one occasion. On another,a "Watch-dog" went boldly up to two policemen to whom a fugitive slavehad appealed for help, seized his prey, and without resistance fromthe policemen, carried her bodily back to slavery along the publicstreet, in view of many spectators. At another time several of themrushed in upon a scene of rescue, overcame the police officer, andhurled him down stairs, dealt in the same manner with some men inthe rescue party, and then turned upon

confused idea, which hides itself from theirview in the depths of their soul, inciting them to aim at rest throughexcitement, and always to fancy that the satisfaction which they have notwill come to them, if, by surmounting whatever difficulties confront them,they can thereby open the door to rest.

Thus passes away all man's life. Men seek rest in a struggle againstdifficulties; and when they have conquered these, rest becomes insufferable.For we think either of the misfortunes we have or of those which threatenus. And even if we should see ourselves sufficiently sheltered on all sides,weariness of its own accord would not fail to arise from the depths of theheart wherein it has its natural roots and to fill the mind with its poison.

Thus so wretched is man that he would weary even without any cause forweariness from the peculiar state of his disposition; and so frivolous is hethat, though full of a thousand reasons for weariness, the least thing, suchas playing billiards or hitting a ball, is sufficient to amuse him.

But will you say what object has he in all this? The pleasure of braggingtomorrow among his friends that he has played better than another. So otherssweat in their own rooms to show to the learned that they have solved aproblem in algebra, which no one had hitherto been able to solve. Many moreexpose themselves to extreme perils, in my opinion as foolishly, in order toboast afterwards that they have captured a town. Lastly, others wearthemselves out in studying all these things, not in order to become wiser,but only in order to prove that they know them; and these are the mostsenseless of the band, since they are so knowingly, whereas one may supposeof the others that, if they knew it, they would no longer be foolish.

This man spends his life without weariness in playing every day for a smallstake. Give him each morning the money he can wi

of Chinese who came to this port last year, eitheras genuine immigrants or for transshipment to other ports, was122,029, which is actually more than the entire Chinese populationof the town. In connection with the immigration of this multitudeof men and women, speaking many dialects of a language which iswholly unknown to the officials of the British Government in theStraits, with the exception of perhaps half a dozen persons, itcannot be wondered at that many abuses arise, and the suspicionhas gained ground and is frequently given expression to, in thepublic press and elsewhere, that many of the immigrants do notcome to Singapore of their free will. Moreover, it cannot bedenied that the circumstances under which the Chinese come toSingapore and are forwarded to their destination lend colour tothis suspicion, so that it may fairly be inquired whether theefforts made by the Government of the Straits Settlements tocontrol the Chinese coolie traffic and to prevent a secret formof slavery have been attended with any success, or are at alladequate to the requir

"These posts, although fairly lucrative, do not seem to becoveted by men of very high class." For instance, we find in a reportdated December 11, 1873, by the captain superintendent of police, Mr.Dean, and the acting Registrar General, Mr. Tonnochy, that they werenot prepared to recommend anyone for an appointment to a vacancy whichhad just occurred, owing to the reluctance of the police inspectors toaccept "the office of Inspector of Brothels." Mr. Creagh says, thatthe post is not one "which any of our inspectors would take. They lookdown on the post." "They are a class very inferior to those whowould be inspectors with us. I don't believe anyone wishes it, butconstables, or perhaps sergeants, would take the post for the pay."Mr. Dean would also "object to its being made a part of the duty ofthe general police to enforce the Contagious Diseases Acts." "Myinspectors and sergeants," he says, "would so strongly object totaking the office that I should be unable to get anyone on whom Icould rely.... The Inspector of Police looks down on the Inspector ofBrothels." Dr. Ayres tells us: "You cannot get men fitted for the workat present salaries, and you have to put tremendous powers into thehands of men like those we have."

Yet into the hands of men lower in character than the lowest of thepolice force was committed, in large part, the operation of Ordinance12, 1857, recommended by Mr. Labouchere as a sort of benevolent schemefor the defense of poor Chinese slaves under the British flag, who had"an urgent claim on the protection of Government."

CHAPTER 3.

HOW THE PROTECTOR PROTECTED.

Dr. Bridges, the Acting Attorney General at Hong Kong, who had framedthe Contagious Diseases Ordinance of 1857, had given an assuranceconcerning it expressed in the fol

"encrypt it using dcpp. When the boot drive is running, theauthentication for this second drive is completely separate from thefirst. The added bonus uis the fact that the second drive looks towindows like it just hasn't been formatted, so the fact that it isencrypted is also hidden."