modes of acquiring territory in public international law: Cession By Hesham Elrafei
Cession
1 A territory, is the material evidence of state sovereignty , as its not possible to have a state without a land.
2 And it includes the land , the subsoil, the water, the seacoast , and the airspace over the land ,
3 and the territorial waters, which extends to almost 14 miles from the coast. baseline .
4 There are number of ways in which a territory can be acquired
5 Like the effective Occupation of a land, that belongs to no one, (V: terra nullius ) ,
6 The Incorporation , which means the whole of a State’s territory , becoming part of the territory of another State.
7 The annexation , where a territory is taken away from a State, without its approval.
8 The secession , where part of a country , separates itself and becomes an independent State.
9 a concession , where a part of a country , is administered by an entity other than the state , which holds sovereignty over it
10 and Cession , where the territory becomes part of an existing country,
11 by peacefully transferring its ownership , from one State to another , with the consent of both countries. ( based on mutual consent )
12 Cession can occur in exchange for a payment of money ,
13 like the louisiana purchase agreement , between france and the united states,
( like the US bought Louisiana from France, Alaska from Russia, and the Philippines from Spain ) ,
14 or in exchange for another piece of territory ,
Like when britain ceded Heligoland to Germany, in exchange for Zanzibar
15 In contrast, when a country leases territory from another, it only receives the right to exercise the territorial authority.
16 while full sovereignty remains with the original owner,
17 like in the case of Hong Kong , Macau, and Guantánamo Bay .
18 On the other hand, A cession requires the consent of both States involved,
19 including consent of the population affected by the transfer of territory, As part of people's right to self-determination ,
20 which is universally recognized as a jus cogens norm.
21 The process normally takes place by means of a treaty ,
22 and its effects are opposable to all third States .
23 However , certain parts of a State’s territory , by their nature, cannot be ceded
24 like the territorial sea , and the airspace above it
25
today, cession is mostly used as a technique of boundaries modification, between neighbouring States.
26 And its main legal effect, is the replacement of one State by another , in the rights and responsibility , of the territory in question.
27 therefore the grantee state is responsible toward other states , for everything that happens on the territory
28 That includes, any damage that may arise from acts , or the failure to act on that territory.
29 Like the Liability for Environmental Damage ,
30 or the obligation that the territory will not be used for private acts of violence or terrorism, against other States .
31 The legal effect of cession , also means the passing of State property , State debts and nationality of the population,
32 Of the predecessor to the successor State,

published:30 Aug 2017

views:4106

Max Levchin, CEO of Affirm and former CTO of PayPal, discusses the implications of a ruling on what access the government has to consumer data. The full interview airs on PBS on February 26, 2016.

published:26 Feb 2016

views:1650

States jurisdiction in international law : concept, types and examples.
By Hesham Elrafei
https://www.linkedin.com/in/heshamelrafei
State jurisdiction, reflects the international law general principles ,
of state sovereignty, equality of states , and non-interference in other states domestic affairs, and it means that a government and its courts , have general power to exercise authority, over all persons and things, within its territorial boundaries ,
however, there must be a link , between the individual , the offence
and the state court exercising jurisdiction over that person.
while it's primarily territorial, jurisdiction of states may be based on
other grounds, like national security , and citizenship of the victim or the offender, however , the enforcement of such jurisdiction, is restricted by territorial factors.
State jurisdiction, reflects the international law general principles ,
of state sovereignty,
equality of states ,
and non-interference in other states domestic affairs.
and it means that a government and its courts ,
have general power to exercise authority,
over all persons and things,
within its territorial boundaries ,
in relation to civil and criminal matters.
however, there must be a link ,
between the individual ,
the offence ,
and the state court exercising jurisdiction over that person.
while it's primarily territorial, jurisdiction of states may be based on
other grounds,
like national security ,
and citizenship of the victim or the offender,
however , the enforcement of such jurisdiction, is restricted by territorial factors
the first base of jurisdiction, is the territorial principle , and it means that the local court power, is geographically restricted, within the borders of that state.
However, As one offence may take place in more than one single country, the territorial jurisdiction is divided into 2 categories, subjective and objective.
the subjective principle, is exercised by the state in which the offence is started , while the objective principle, is exercised by the state in which the offence is completed.
For example, a fraud can be committed by someone in ireland,
against another in england. or a shooting incident , can take place on the borders of two countries,
on the other hand, the state power is not absolute within its territory , as certain persons, like diplomats. are immune, from the local courts jurisdiction, the nationality of the parties, is the second ground for state jurisdiction, as a state can exercise its jurisdiction, beyond its territory ( boundaries ) , regardless where the person is located, subject that the offender or the victim ( the passive personality ) is a national of the claimant country.
The 3rd ground is the protective or security principle, and it allows a State , to exercise jurisdiction over foreigners, outside its territory , regardless of their citizenship , when there is a threat to its national security.
And lastly, the universality principle , is the fourth ground for state jurisdiction, and it allows any state , to punish certain international offences abroad , like piracy, slavery , torture , crimes against humanity and genocide, whether committed by or against foreign nationals.

Pope Francis recently granted sainthood to two 19th centuryPalestinian nuns. So we were wondering what are the qualifications for becoming a saint?
» Subscribe to NowThis World: http://go.nowth.is/World_Subscribe
Learn More:
Pope Francis Is Making Saints Out Of Two Palestinian Nuns
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/13/pope-francis-saints-palestinian-nuns_n_7260252.html
"Pope Francis will bestow sainthood on two Palestinian nuns on Sunday (May 17), a move that's being seen as giving hope to the conflict-wracked Middle East and shining the spotlight on the plight of Christians in the region."
How does someone become a saint?
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27140646
"Pope John Paul II and Pope John XXIII are to be declared saints by the Catholic Church."
Is Mother Teresa's Miracle for Real?
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2003/10/is_mother_teresas_miracle_for_real.html
"On Sunday, Pope John Paul II beatified Mother Teresa of Calcutta, bringing her one step closer to sainthood."
_________________________
NowThis World is dedicated to bringing you topical explainers about the world around you. Each week we’ll be exploring current stories in international news, by examining the facts, providing historical context, and outlining the key players involved. We’ll also highlight powerful countries, ideologies, influential leaders, and ongoing global conflicts that are shaping the current landscape of the international community across the globe today.
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The U.S. is testing heavily armed autonomous drones for combat... and they're working. These computer controlled weapon carriers operate solely on their own and have already been used to attack targets abroad. Is this the future of war? Will soldiers soon be replaced by machines?
» Subscribe to NowThis World: http://go.nowth.is/World_Subscribe
Learn More:
How Drones are Redefining "Justice" in Warfare on HippoReads:
http://read.hipporeads.com/how-drones-redefine-justice-the-hidden-war-on-terror/
"Most opposition voices understand that drone technology itself is here to stay: it is the moral and legal basis for certain applications of the technology that has been called into question."
The Future Is Now: Navy's Autonomous Swarmboats Can Overwhelm Adversaries
http://www.onr.navy.mil/Media-Center/Press-Releases/2014/autonomous-swarm-boat-unmanned-caracas.aspx
Navy Unveils Self-Guided Drone Boats
http://nypost.com/2014/10/05/navy-unveils-self-guided-drone-boats/
Office of Naval Research: Autonomous SwarmVideo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITTvgkO2Xw4&feature=youtu.be
More Than 2,400 Dead as Obama's Drone CampaignMarksFive Years
http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2014/01/23/more-than-2400-dead-as-obamas-drone-campaign-marks-five-years/
Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies
http://www.cfr.org/wars-and-warfare/reforming-us-drone-strike-policies/p29736
Ethical and Methodological Issues in Assessing Drones' Civilian Impacts in Pakistan
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/10/06/ethical-and-methodological-issues-in-assessing-drones-civilian-impacts-in-pakistan/
Department of Justice: Lawfulness of a LethalOperation Directed Against a U.S. CitizenWho is a SeniorOperationalLeader of Al-Qa'ida or an Associated Force
http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/020413_DOJ_White_Paper.pdfWatch More:
Using Drones to Protect Nature
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szV-P__unmU
_________________________
NowThis World is dedicated to bringing you topical explainers about the world around you. Each week we’ll be exploring current stories in international news, by examining the facts, providing historical context, and outlining the key players involved. We’ll also highlight powerful countries, ideologies, influential leaders, and ongoing global conflicts that are shaping the current landscape of the international community across the globe today.
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http://www.youtube.com/nowthisworld

A tribe in Panama with strong roots in the rainforest is seeking a land title to secure their territory. And they’re protecting their borders with a surprising form of surveillance. Drones.
According to the World Bank, there are around 42 million indigenous people in Latin America. That accounts for about eight percent of the population. While most of the indigenous may still carry on customs that preserve their ancient culture, not all are living in the past.
One tribe in the rainforests of Panama who have been on a quest to obtain the legal rights to the land they have inhabited for generations, are embracing modern technology. They're using drones to help gather data that will help their case.
Correspondent Harris Whitbeck gives us a bird’s eye view of their efforts from outside Panama City.

published:23 Mar 2017

views:8693

In this video you can find seven little known facts about the British Indian Ocean Territories. Keep watching and subscribe, as more British territories will follow!
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1. The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is a British overseas territory of the United Kingdom situated in the Indian Ocean halfway between Tanzania and Indonesia. The territory comprises the seven atolls of the Chagos Archipelago with over 1,000 individual islands – many very small – amounting to a total land area of 60 square kilometres.
2. The only inhabitants are US and British military personnel and associated contractors, who collectively number around 2,500 (2012 figures).
3. The removal of Chagossians from the Chagos Archipelago occurred between 1968 and 1973. The Chagossians, then numbering about 2,000 people, were expelled by the British government to Mauritius and Seychelles to allow the United States to build a military base there. Today, the exiled Chagossians are still trying to return, arguing that the forced expulsion and dispossession was illegal. The islands are off-limits to Chagossians, casual tourists, and the media.
4. In 1965, the United Kingdom split the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius and the islands of Aldabra, Farquhar and Desroches (Des Roches) from the Seychelles to form the British Indian Ocean Territory. The islands were formally established as an overseas territory of the United Kingdom on 8 November 1965. On 23 June 1976, Aldabra, Farquhar and Desroches were returned to Seychelles as a result of its attaining independence. On 23 June 2017, the United Nations General Assembly voted in favour of referring the territorial dispute between Mauritius and the UK to the International Court of Justice in order to clarify the legal status of the Chagos Islands archipelago in the Indian Ocean.
5. As a territory of the United Kingdom, the head of state is Elizabeth II. There is no governor appointed to represent the Queen on the territory, as there are no longer any native inhabitants. The head of government is the commissioner and an administrator, all of whom reside in the United Kingdom. The laws of the territory are based on the constitution, which gives the Commissioner full powers to make laws for the territory. As almost all residents of the BIOT are members of the United States military, however, in practice crimes are more commonly charged under United States military law.
6. Camp Justice is a settlement within the US-UK Naval SupportFacility on Diego Garcia, a small, strategically located, isolated island in the Indian Ocean. It acts as the capital of the Overseas Territory. Starting as early as 2004 rumors began to surface that the United States had been using Diego Garcia as a black site for the detention and torture of individuals captured in the "Global War On Terror".
7. The territory is an archipelago of 55 islands, the largest being Diego Garcia, accounting for almost half of the total land area of the territory, which is 60 km². The terrain is flat and low, with most areas not exceeding 2 metres above sea level. The climate is tropical marine; hot, humid, and moderated by trade winds. In 2010 545,000 square kilometres of ocean around the islands was declared a marine reserve.
More Info:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory
Music:
• Aurora B.Polaris - Euphoria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HBacGsBl_U
https://auroraborealischill.bandcamp.com/album/aether-ep
https://open.spotify.com/album/4aJsVkbCovc5vBv7IYLDtq
https://www.facebook.com/AuroraBorealisOfficial
https://soundcloud.com/auroraborealismusic
https://auroraborealischill.bandcamp.com/releases
https://twitter.com/abofficialmusic
Images:
http://www.britainstreasureislands.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/BIOT-1-1.jpg
http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/military_service/Diego%20Garcia.jpg
http://www.minorityvoices.org/force_download.php?file=data/files/final/news_499/image007.jpg
https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/DatabaseImages/ESC/large/ISS006/ISS006-E-43826.JPG
By Barryob at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3837996
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/df/6f/d5/df6fd5d8aa495b54f5c697e28aae492c.jpg
https://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/military_service/Diego%20Garcia%20Base.jpg
IntroCreator:
Pushed to Insanity
http://pushedtoinsanity.com/portfolio-item/free-2d-outro-template-11/

Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or, depending on definition, by Antarctica. It is named after India. The Indian Ocean is known as Ratnākara (Sanskrit: रत्नाकर), "the mine of gems", in ancient Sanskrit literature and as Hind Mahāsāgar (Devanāgarī: हिन्द महासागर) in Hindi.

Indian Ocean (album)

Indian Ocean is the debut album from Indian Ocean. The band’s first album, recorded in just 10 days at HMV’s Dumdum studio, Calcutta, in December 92. Shaleen Sharma played the drums on this album. This is the only album in which Shaleen Sharma was present, later when Shaleen Sharma left the band he was replaced by Amit Kilam. Released only on cassette. Recording Engineer for this album was Raja Mukherjee. Cover concept was done by Manas Chakrabarti. The Graphic Design work was done by Navin Shiromani. The Durgapal family gave Indian Ocean all their time, patience and space while Indian Ocean prepared for this recording.

The largest and most southerly island is Diego Garcia, 44km2 (17sqmi), the site of a joint military facility of the United Kingdom and the United States. Following the eviction of the native population, the Chagossians, in the 1960s and '70s, the only inhabitants are US and British military personnel and associated contractors, who collectively number around 4,000 (2004 figures). The islands are off-limits to casual tourists, the media, and their former inhabitants.

Mauritius sought to resume control over the Chagos Archipelago which was split from its territory by the UK in 1965 to form the British Indian Ocean Territory. Between 1968 and 1973, the Chagossians, then numbering about 2,000 people, were expelled by the British government to Mauritius and Seychelles to allow the United States to establish a military base on the island. Today, the exiled Chagossians are still trying to return, claiming that the forced expulsion and dispossession was illegal (see Depopulation of Diego Garcia).

United Kingdom (album)

United Kingdom is the fourth album by American Music Club. It was recorded primarily for the UK, where the band had a larger following than in their native USA, and consists of a mixture of studio and live tracks. The LP was produced by Tom Mallon who also produced the band's previous three LPs, The Restless Stranger, Engine and California. United Kingdom contained the song "Kathleen", the most obvious of many that Mark Eitzel has composed about his long-term muse, Kathleen Burns.

Law of Territory

Cession , Acquisition of territory in International Law - Lex Animata - By Hesham Elrafei

Cession , Acquisition of territory in International Law - Lex Animata - By Hesham Elrafei

Cession , Acquisition of territory in International Law - Lex Animata - By Hesham Elrafei

modes of acquiring territory in public international law: Cession By Hesham Elrafei
Cession
1 A territory, is the material evidence of state sovereignty , as its not possible to have a state without a land.
2 And it includes the land , the subsoil, the water, the seacoast , and the airspace over the land ,
3 and the territorial waters, which extends to almost 14 miles from the coast. baseline .
4 There are number of ways in which a territory can be acquired
5 Like the effective Occupation of a land, that belongs to no one, (V: terra nullius ) ,
6 The Incorporation , which means the whole of a State’s territory , becoming part of the territory of another State.
7 The annexation , where a territory is taken away from a State, without its approval.
8 The secession , where part of a country , separates itself and becomes an independent State.
9 a concession , where a part of a country , is administered by an entity other than the state , which holds sovereignty over it
10 and Cession , where the territory becomes part of an existing country,
11 by peacefully transferring its ownership , from one State to another , with the consent of both countries. ( based on mutual consent )
12 Cession can occur in exchange for a payment of money ,
13 like the louisiana purchase agreement , between france and the united states,
( like the US bought Louisiana from France, Alaska from Russia, and the Philippines from Spain ) ,
14 or in exchange for another piece of territory ,
Like when britain ceded Heligoland to Germany, in exchange for Zanzibar
15 In contrast, when a country leases territory from another, it only receives the right to exercise the territorial authority.
16 while full sovereignty remains with the original owner,
17 like in the case of Hong Kong , Macau, and Guantánamo Bay .
18 On the other hand, A cession requires the consent of both States involved,
19 including consent of the population affected by the transfer of territory, As part of people's right to self-determination ,
20 which is universally recognized as a jus cogens norm.
21 The process normally takes place by means of a treaty ,
22 and its effects are opposable to all third States .
23 However , certain parts of a State’s territory , by their nature, cannot be ceded
24 like the territorial sea , and the airspace above it
25
today, cession is mostly used as a technique of boundaries modification, between neighbouring States.
26 And its main legal effect, is the replacement of one State by another , in the rights and responsibility , of the territory in question.
27 therefore the grantee state is responsible toward other states , for everything that happens on the territory
28 That includes, any damage that may arise from acts , or the failure to act on that territory.
29 Like the Liability for Environmental Damage ,
30 or the obligation that the territory will not be used for private acts of violence or terrorism, against other States .
31 The legal effect of cession , also means the passing of State property , State debts and nationality of the population,
32 Of the predecessor to the successor State,

Max Levchin, CEO of Affirm and former CTO of PayPal, discusses the implications of a ruling on what access the government has to consumer data. The full interview airs on PBS on February 26, 2016.

2:52

Jurisdiction of States explained | International Law | Lex Animata | Hesham Elrafei

Jurisdiction of States explained | International Law | Lex Animata | Hesham Elrafei

Jurisdiction of States explained | International Law | Lex Animata | Hesham Elrafei

States jurisdiction in international law : concept, types and examples.
By Hesham Elrafei
https://www.linkedin.com/in/heshamelrafei
State jurisdiction, reflects the international law general principles ,
of state sovereignty, equality of states , and non-interference in other states domestic affairs, and it means that a government and its courts , have general power to exercise authority, over all persons and things, within its territorial boundaries ,
however, there must be a link , between the individual , the offence
and the state court exercising jurisdiction over that person.
while it's primarily territorial, jurisdiction of states may be based on
other grounds, like national security , and citizenship of the victim or the offender, however , the enforcement of such jurisdiction, is restricted by territorial factors.
State jurisdiction, reflects the international law general principles ,
of state sovereignty,
equality of states ,
and non-interference in other states domestic affairs.
and it means that a government and its courts ,
have general power to exercise authority,
over all persons and things,
within its territorial boundaries ,
in relation to civil and criminal matters.
however, there must be a link ,
between the individual ,
the offence ,
and the state court exercising jurisdiction over that person.
while it's primarily territorial, jurisdiction of states may be based on
other grounds,
like national security ,
and citizenship of the victim or the offender,
however , the enforcement of such jurisdiction, is restricted by territorial factors
the first base of jurisdiction, is the territorial principle , and it means that the local court power, is geographically restricted, within the borders of that state.
However, As one offence may take place in more than one single country, the territorial jurisdiction is divided into 2 categories, subjective and objective.
the subjective principle, is exercised by the state in which the offence is started , while the objective principle, is exercised by the state in which the offence is completed.
For example, a fraud can be committed by someone in ireland,
against another in england. or a shooting incident , can take place on the borders of two countries,
on the other hand, the state power is not absolute within its territory , as certain persons, like diplomats. are immune, from the local courts jurisdiction, the nationality of the parties, is the second ground for state jurisdiction, as a state can exercise its jurisdiction, beyond its territory ( boundaries ) , regardless where the person is located, subject that the offender or the victim ( the passive personality ) is a national of the claimant country.
The 3rd ground is the protective or security principle, and it allows a State , to exercise jurisdiction over foreigners, outside its territory , regardless of their citizenship , when there is a threat to its national security.
And lastly, the universality principle , is the fourth ground for state jurisdiction, and it allows any state , to punish certain international offences abroad , like piracy, slavery , torture , crimes against humanity and genocide, whether committed by or against foreign nationals.

What Laws Apply In International Waters?

Pope Francis recently granted sainthood to two 19th centuryPalestinian nuns. So we were wondering what are the qualifications for becoming a saint?
» Subscribe to NowThis World: http://go.nowth.is/World_Subscribe
Learn More:
Pope Francis Is Making Saints Out Of Two Palestinian Nuns
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/13/pope-francis-saints-palestinian-nuns_n_7260252.html
"Pope Francis will bestow sainthood on two Palestinian nuns on Sunday (May 17), a move that's being seen as giving hope to the conflict-wracked Middle East and shining the spotlight on the plight of Christians in the region."
How does someone become a saint?
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27140646
"Pope John Paul II and Pope John XXIII are to be declared saints by the Catholic Church."
Is Mother Teresa's Miracle for Real?
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2003/10/is_mother_teresas_miracle_for_real.html
"On Sunday, Pope John Paul II beatified Mother Teresa of Calcutta, bringing her one step closer to sainthood."
_________________________
NowThis World is dedicated to bringing you topical explainers about the world around you. Each week we’ll be exploring current stories in international news, by examining the facts, providing historical context, and outlining the key players involved. We’ll also highlight powerful countries, ideologies, influential leaders, and ongoing global conflicts that are shaping the current landscape of the international community across the globe today.
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Check Lissette out on Twitter:https://twitter.com/lizzette

Who Owns Antarctica?

The U.S. is testing heavily armed autonomous drones for combat... and they're working. These computer controlled weapon carriers operate solely on their own and have already been used to attack targets abroad. Is this the future of war? Will soldiers soon be replaced by machines?
» Subscribe to NowThis World: http://go.nowth.is/World_Subscribe
Learn More:
How Drones are Redefining "Justice" in Warfare on HippoReads:
http://read.hipporeads.com/how-drones-redefine-justice-the-hidden-war-on-terror/
"Most opposition voices understand that drone technology itself is here to stay: it is the moral and legal basis for certain applications of the technology that has been called into question."
The Future Is Now: Navy's Autonomous Swarmboats Can Overwhelm Adversaries
http://www.onr.navy.mil/Media-Center/Press-Releases/2014/autonomous-swarm-boat-unmanned-caracas.aspx
Navy Unveils Self-Guided Drone Boats
http://nypost.com/2014/10/05/navy-unveils-self-guided-drone-boats/
Office of Naval Research: Autonomous SwarmVideo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITTvgkO2Xw4&feature=youtu.be
More Than 2,400 Dead as Obama's Drone CampaignMarksFive Years
http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2014/01/23/more-than-2400-dead-as-obamas-drone-campaign-marks-five-years/
Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies
http://www.cfr.org/wars-and-warfare/reforming-us-drone-strike-policies/p29736
Ethical and Methodological Issues in Assessing Drones' Civilian Impacts in Pakistan
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/10/06/ethical-and-methodological-issues-in-assessing-drones-civilian-impacts-in-pakistan/
Department of Justice: Lawfulness of a LethalOperation Directed Against a U.S. CitizenWho is a SeniorOperationalLeader of Al-Qa'ida or an Associated Force
http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/020413_DOJ_White_Paper.pdfWatch More:
Using Drones to Protect Nature
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szV-P__unmU
_________________________
NowThis World is dedicated to bringing you topical explainers about the world around you. Each week we’ll be exploring current stories in international news, by examining the facts, providing historical context, and outlining the key players involved. We’ll also highlight powerful countries, ideologies, influential leaders, and ongoing global conflicts that are shaping the current landscape of the international community across the globe today.
More from NowThis:
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A tribe in Panama uses drones to protect their territory

A tribe in Panama with strong roots in the rainforest is seeking a land title to secure their territory. And they’re protecting their borders with a surprising form of surveillance. Drones.
According to the World Bank, there are around 42 million indigenous people in Latin America. That accounts for about eight percent of the population. While most of the indigenous may still carry on customs that preserve their ancient culture, not all are living in the past.
One tribe in the rainforests of Panama who have been on a quest to obtain the legal rights to the land they have inhabited for generations, are embracing modern technology. They're using drones to help gather data that will help their case.
Correspondent Harris Whitbeck gives us a bird’s eye view of their efforts from outside Panama City.

6:50

7 Facts about the British Indian Ocean Territory

7 Facts about the British Indian Ocean Territory

7 Facts about the British Indian Ocean Territory

In this video you can find seven little known facts about the British Indian Ocean Territories. Keep watching and subscribe, as more British territories will follow!
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1. The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is a British overseas territory of the United Kingdom situated in the Indian Ocean halfway between Tanzania and Indonesia. The territory comprises the seven atolls of the Chagos Archipelago with over 1,000 individual islands – many very small – amounting to a total land area of 60 square kilometres.
2. The only inhabitants are US and British military personnel and associated contractors, who collectively number around 2,500 (2012 figures).
3. The removal of Chagossians from the Chagos Archipelago occurred between 1968 and 1973. The Chagossians, then numbering about 2,000 people, were expelled by the British government to Mauritius and Seychelles to allow the United States to build a military base there. Today, the exiled Chagossians are still trying to return, arguing that the forced expulsion and dispossession was illegal. The islands are off-limits to Chagossians, casual tourists, and the media.
4. In 1965, the United Kingdom split the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius and the islands of Aldabra, Farquhar and Desroches (Des Roches) from the Seychelles to form the British Indian Ocean Territory. The islands were formally established as an overseas territory of the United Kingdom on 8 November 1965. On 23 June 1976, Aldabra, Farquhar and Desroches were returned to Seychelles as a result of its attaining independence. On 23 June 2017, the United Nations General Assembly voted in favour of referring the territorial dispute between Mauritius and the UK to the International Court of Justice in order to clarify the legal status of the Chagos Islands archipelago in the Indian Ocean.
5. As a territory of the United Kingdom, the head of state is Elizabeth II. There is no governor appointed to represent the Queen on the territory, as there are no longer any native inhabitants. The head of government is the commissioner and an administrator, all of whom reside in the United Kingdom. The laws of the territory are based on the constitution, which gives the Commissioner full powers to make laws for the territory. As almost all residents of the BIOT are members of the United States military, however, in practice crimes are more commonly charged under United States military law.
6. Camp Justice is a settlement within the US-UK Naval SupportFacility on Diego Garcia, a small, strategically located, isolated island in the Indian Ocean. It acts as the capital of the Overseas Territory. Starting as early as 2004 rumors began to surface that the United States had been using Diego Garcia as a black site for the detention and torture of individuals captured in the "Global War On Terror".
7. The territory is an archipelago of 55 islands, the largest being Diego Garcia, accounting for almost half of the total land area of the territory, which is 60 km². The terrain is flat and low, with most areas not exceeding 2 metres above sea level. The climate is tropical marine; hot, humid, and moderated by trade winds. In 2010 545,000 square kilometres of ocean around the islands was declared a marine reserve.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory
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1:53

Why choose a State or Territory

Why choose a State or Territory

Why choose a State or Territory

If you liked this video and you would like to build a legal document, do so at our website here: http://www.legalconsolidated.com.au/
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LegalConsolidated Barristers & Solicitors provides cutting edge access to the Internet for accountants, financial advisers, lawyers, business owners and the community seeking to build legal documents online.
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You deal directly with a law firm's website, therefore you:
1. retain legal professional privilege,
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1:42

Do I Have to Choose a State or Territory

Do I Have to Choose a State or Territory

Do I Have to Choose a State or Territory

If you liked this video and you would like to build a legal document, do so at our website here: http://www.legalconsolidated.com.au/
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LegalConsolidated Barristers & Solicitors provides cutting edge access to the Internet for accountants, financial advisers, lawyers, business owners and the community seeking to build legal documents online.
Why choose our law firm:
You deal directly with a law firm's website, therefore you:
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Law of Territory

published: 28 Aug 2017

Cession , Acquisition of territory in International Law - Lex Animata - By Hesham Elrafei

modes of acquiring territory in public international law: Cession By Hesham Elrafei
Cession
1 A territory, is the material evidence of state sovereignty , as its not possible to have a state without a land.
2 And it includes the land , the subsoil, the water, the seacoast , and the airspace over the land ,
3 and the territorial waters, which extends to almost 14 miles from the coast. baseline .
4 There are number of ways in which a territory can be acquired
5 Like the effective Occupation of a land, that belongs to no one, (V: terra nullius ) ,
6 The Incorporation , which means the whole of a State’s territory , becoming part of the territory of another State.
7 The annexation , where a territory is taken away from a State, without its approval.
8 The secession , wh...

Max Levchin, CEO of Affirm and former CTO of PayPal, discusses the implications of a ruling on what access the government has to consumer data. The full interview airs on PBS on February 26, 2016.

published: 26 Feb 2016

Jurisdiction of States explained | International Law | Lex Animata | Hesham Elrafei

States jurisdiction in international law : concept, types and examples.
By Hesham Elrafei
https://www.linkedin.com/in/heshamelrafei
State jurisdiction, reflects the international law general principles ,
of state sovereignty, equality of states , and non-interference in other states domestic affairs, and it means that a government and its courts , have general power to exercise authority, over all persons and things, within its territorial boundaries ,
however, there must be a link , between the individual , the offence
and the state court exercising jurisdiction over that person.
while it's primarily territorial, jurisdiction of states may be based on
other grounds, like national security , and citizenship of the victim or the offender, however , the enforcement of such juris...

What Laws Apply In International Waters?

Pope Francis recently granted sainthood to two 19th centuryPalestinian nuns. So we were wondering what are the qualifications for becoming a saint?
» Subscribe to NowThis World: http://go.nowth.is/World_Subscribe
Learn More:
Pope Francis Is Making Saints Out Of Two Palestinian Nuns
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/13/pope-francis-saints-palestinian-nuns_n_7260252.html
"Pope Francis will bestow sainthood on two Palestinian nuns on Sunday (May 17), a move that's being seen as giving hope to the conflict-wracked Middle East and shining the spotlight on the plight of Christians in the region."
How does someone become a saint?
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27140646
"Pope John Paul II and Pope John XXIII are to be declared saints by the Catholic Church."
Is Mother Teresa's Mi...

Who Owns Antarctica?

The U.S. is testing heavily armed autonomous drones for combat... and they're working. These computer controlled weapon carriers operate solely on their own and have already been used to attack targets abroad. Is this the future of war? Will soldiers soon be replaced by machines?
» Subscribe to NowThis World: http://go.nowth.is/World_Subscribe
Learn More:
How Drones are Redefining "Justice" in Warfare on HippoReads:
http://read.hipporeads.com/how-drones-redefine-justice-the-hidden-war-on-terror/
"Most opposition voices understand that drone technology itself is here to stay: it is the moral and legal basis for certain applications of the technology that has been called into question."
The Future Is Now: Navy's Autonomous Swarmboats Can Overwhelm Adversaries
http://www.onr.navy.mil/Media...

A tribe in Panama uses drones to protect their territory

A tribe in Panama with strong roots in the rainforest is seeking a land title to secure their territory. And they’re protecting their borders with a surprising form of surveillance. Drones.
According to the World Bank, there are around 42 million indigenous people in Latin America. That accounts for about eight percent of the population. While most of the indigenous may still carry on customs that preserve their ancient culture, not all are living in the past.
One tribe in the rainforests of Panama who have been on a quest to obtain the legal rights to the land they have inhabited for generations, are embracing modern technology. They're using drones to help gather data that will help their case.
Correspondent Harris Whitbeck gives us a bird’s eye view of their efforts from outside Pana...

Why choose a State or Territory

If you liked this video and you would like to build a legal document, do so at our website here: http://www.legalconsolidated.com.au/
What we do:
LegalConsolidated Barristers & Solicitors provides cutting edge access to the Internet for accountants, financial advisers, lawyers, business owners and the community seeking to build legal documents online.
Why choose our law firm:
You deal directly with a law firm's website, therefore you:
1. retain legal professional privilege,
2. benefit from the law firm's PI insurance, and
3. receive legal advice from us.
We offer a 100% money back guarantee on every single document you build.

published: 25 May 2016

Do I Have to Choose a State or Territory

If you liked this video and you would like to build a legal document, do so at our website here: http://www.legalconsolidated.com.au/
What we do:
LegalConsolidated Barristers & Solicitors provides cutting edge access to the Internet for accountants, financial advisers, lawyers, business owners and the community seeking to build legal documents online.
Why choose our law firm:
You deal directly with a law firm's website, therefore you:
1. retain legal professional privilege,
2. benefit from the law firm's PI insurance, and
3. receive legal advice from us.
We offer a 100% money back guarantee on every single document you build.

Cession , Acquisition of territory in International Law - Lex Animata - By Hesham Elrafei

modes of acquiring territory in public international law: Cession By Hesham Elrafei
Cession
1 A territory, is the material evidence of state sovereignty , a...

modes of acquiring territory in public international law: Cession By Hesham Elrafei
Cession
1 A territory, is the material evidence of state sovereignty , as its not possible to have a state without a land.
2 And it includes the land , the subsoil, the water, the seacoast , and the airspace over the land ,
3 and the territorial waters, which extends to almost 14 miles from the coast. baseline .
4 There are number of ways in which a territory can be acquired
5 Like the effective Occupation of a land, that belongs to no one, (V: terra nullius ) ,
6 The Incorporation , which means the whole of a State’s territory , becoming part of the territory of another State.
7 The annexation , where a territory is taken away from a State, without its approval.
8 The secession , where part of a country , separates itself and becomes an independent State.
9 a concession , where a part of a country , is administered by an entity other than the state , which holds sovereignty over it
10 and Cession , where the territory becomes part of an existing country,
11 by peacefully transferring its ownership , from one State to another , with the consent of both countries. ( based on mutual consent )
12 Cession can occur in exchange for a payment of money ,
13 like the louisiana purchase agreement , between france and the united states,
( like the US bought Louisiana from France, Alaska from Russia, and the Philippines from Spain ) ,
14 or in exchange for another piece of territory ,
Like when britain ceded Heligoland to Germany, in exchange for Zanzibar
15 In contrast, when a country leases territory from another, it only receives the right to exercise the territorial authority.
16 while full sovereignty remains with the original owner,
17 like in the case of Hong Kong , Macau, and Guantánamo Bay .
18 On the other hand, A cession requires the consent of both States involved,
19 including consent of the population affected by the transfer of territory, As part of people's right to self-determination ,
20 which is universally recognized as a jus cogens norm.
21 The process normally takes place by means of a treaty ,
22 and its effects are opposable to all third States .
23 However , certain parts of a State’s territory , by their nature, cannot be ceded
24 like the territorial sea , and the airspace above it
25
today, cession is mostly used as a technique of boundaries modification, between neighbouring States.
26 And its main legal effect, is the replacement of one State by another , in the rights and responsibility , of the territory in question.
27 therefore the grantee state is responsible toward other states , for everything that happens on the territory
28 That includes, any damage that may arise from acts , or the failure to act on that territory.
29 Like the Liability for Environmental Damage ,
30 or the obligation that the territory will not be used for private acts of violence or terrorism, against other States .
31 The legal effect of cession , also means the passing of State property , State debts and nationality of the population,
32 Of the predecessor to the successor State,

modes of acquiring territory in public international law: Cession By Hesham Elrafei
Cession
1 A territory, is the material evidence of state sovereignty , as its not possible to have a state without a land.
2 And it includes the land , the subsoil, the water, the seacoast , and the airspace over the land ,
3 and the territorial waters, which extends to almost 14 miles from the coast. baseline .
4 There are number of ways in which a territory can be acquired
5 Like the effective Occupation of a land, that belongs to no one, (V: terra nullius ) ,
6 The Incorporation , which means the whole of a State’s territory , becoming part of the territory of another State.
7 The annexation , where a territory is taken away from a State, without its approval.
8 The secession , where part of a country , separates itself and becomes an independent State.
9 a concession , where a part of a country , is administered by an entity other than the state , which holds sovereignty over it
10 and Cession , where the territory becomes part of an existing country,
11 by peacefully transferring its ownership , from one State to another , with the consent of both countries. ( based on mutual consent )
12 Cession can occur in exchange for a payment of money ,
13 like the louisiana purchase agreement , between france and the united states,
( like the US bought Louisiana from France, Alaska from Russia, and the Philippines from Spain ) ,
14 or in exchange for another piece of territory ,
Like when britain ceded Heligoland to Germany, in exchange for Zanzibar
15 In contrast, when a country leases territory from another, it only receives the right to exercise the territorial authority.
16 while full sovereignty remains with the original owner,
17 like in the case of Hong Kong , Macau, and Guantánamo Bay .
18 On the other hand, A cession requires the consent of both States involved,
19 including consent of the population affected by the transfer of territory, As part of people's right to self-determination ,
20 which is universally recognized as a jus cogens norm.
21 The process normally takes place by means of a treaty ,
22 and its effects are opposable to all third States .
23 However , certain parts of a State’s territory , by their nature, cannot be ceded
24 like the territorial sea , and the airspace above it
25
today, cession is mostly used as a technique of boundaries modification, between neighbouring States.
26 And its main legal effect, is the replacement of one State by another , in the rights and responsibility , of the territory in question.
27 therefore the grantee state is responsible toward other states , for everything that happens on the territory
28 That includes, any damage that may arise from acts , or the failure to act on that territory.
29 Like the Liability for Environmental Damage ,
30 or the obligation that the territory will not be used for private acts of violence or terrorism, against other States .
31 The legal effect of cession , also means the passing of State property , State debts and nationality of the population,
32 Of the predecessor to the successor State,

Jurisdiction of States explained | International Law | Lex Animata | Hesham Elrafei

States jurisdiction in international law : concept, types and examples.
By Hesham Elrafei
https://www.linkedin.com/in/heshamelrafei
State jurisdiction, ref...

States jurisdiction in international law : concept, types and examples.
By Hesham Elrafei
https://www.linkedin.com/in/heshamelrafei
State jurisdiction, reflects the international law general principles ,
of state sovereignty, equality of states , and non-interference in other states domestic affairs, and it means that a government and its courts , have general power to exercise authority, over all persons and things, within its territorial boundaries ,
however, there must be a link , between the individual , the offence
and the state court exercising jurisdiction over that person.
while it's primarily territorial, jurisdiction of states may be based on
other grounds, like national security , and citizenship of the victim or the offender, however , the enforcement of such jurisdiction, is restricted by territorial factors.
State jurisdiction, reflects the international law general principles ,
of state sovereignty,
equality of states ,
and non-interference in other states domestic affairs.
and it means that a government and its courts ,
have general power to exercise authority,
over all persons and things,
within its territorial boundaries ,
in relation to civil and criminal matters.
however, there must be a link ,
between the individual ,
the offence ,
and the state court exercising jurisdiction over that person.
while it's primarily territorial, jurisdiction of states may be based on
other grounds,
like national security ,
and citizenship of the victim or the offender,
however , the enforcement of such jurisdiction, is restricted by territorial factors
the first base of jurisdiction, is the territorial principle , and it means that the local court power, is geographically restricted, within the borders of that state.
However, As one offence may take place in more than one single country, the territorial jurisdiction is divided into 2 categories, subjective and objective.
the subjective principle, is exercised by the state in which the offence is started , while the objective principle, is exercised by the state in which the offence is completed.
For example, a fraud can be committed by someone in ireland,
against another in england. or a shooting incident , can take place on the borders of two countries,
on the other hand, the state power is not absolute within its territory , as certain persons, like diplomats. are immune, from the local courts jurisdiction, the nationality of the parties, is the second ground for state jurisdiction, as a state can exercise its jurisdiction, beyond its territory ( boundaries ) , regardless where the person is located, subject that the offender or the victim ( the passive personality ) is a national of the claimant country.
The 3rd ground is the protective or security principle, and it allows a State , to exercise jurisdiction over foreigners, outside its territory , regardless of their citizenship , when there is a threat to its national security.
And lastly, the universality principle , is the fourth ground for state jurisdiction, and it allows any state , to punish certain international offences abroad , like piracy, slavery , torture , crimes against humanity and genocide, whether committed by or against foreign nationals.

States jurisdiction in international law : concept, types and examples.
By Hesham Elrafei
https://www.linkedin.com/in/heshamelrafei
State jurisdiction, reflects the international law general principles ,
of state sovereignty, equality of states , and non-interference in other states domestic affairs, and it means that a government and its courts , have general power to exercise authority, over all persons and things, within its territorial boundaries ,
however, there must be a link , between the individual , the offence
and the state court exercising jurisdiction over that person.
while it's primarily territorial, jurisdiction of states may be based on
other grounds, like national security , and citizenship of the victim or the offender, however , the enforcement of such jurisdiction, is restricted by territorial factors.
State jurisdiction, reflects the international law general principles ,
of state sovereignty,
equality of states ,
and non-interference in other states domestic affairs.
and it means that a government and its courts ,
have general power to exercise authority,
over all persons and things,
within its territorial boundaries ,
in relation to civil and criminal matters.
however, there must be a link ,
between the individual ,
the offence ,
and the state court exercising jurisdiction over that person.
while it's primarily territorial, jurisdiction of states may be based on
other grounds,
like national security ,
and citizenship of the victim or the offender,
however , the enforcement of such jurisdiction, is restricted by territorial factors
the first base of jurisdiction, is the territorial principle , and it means that the local court power, is geographically restricted, within the borders of that state.
However, As one offence may take place in more than one single country, the territorial jurisdiction is divided into 2 categories, subjective and objective.
the subjective principle, is exercised by the state in which the offence is started , while the objective principle, is exercised by the state in which the offence is completed.
For example, a fraud can be committed by someone in ireland,
against another in england. or a shooting incident , can take place on the borders of two countries,
on the other hand, the state power is not absolute within its territory , as certain persons, like diplomats. are immune, from the local courts jurisdiction, the nationality of the parties, is the second ground for state jurisdiction, as a state can exercise its jurisdiction, beyond its territory ( boundaries ) , regardless where the person is located, subject that the offender or the victim ( the passive personality ) is a national of the claimant country.
The 3rd ground is the protective or security principle, and it allows a State , to exercise jurisdiction over foreigners, outside its territory , regardless of their citizenship , when there is a threat to its national security.
And lastly, the universality principle , is the fourth ground for state jurisdiction, and it allows any state , to punish certain international offences abroad , like piracy, slavery , torture , crimes against humanity and genocide, whether committed by or against foreign nationals.

Pope Francis recently granted sainthood to two 19th centuryPalestinian nuns. So we were wondering what are the qualifications for becoming a saint?
» Subscribe to NowThis World: http://go.nowth.is/World_Subscribe
Learn More:
Pope Francis Is Making Saints Out Of Two Palestinian Nuns
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/13/pope-francis-saints-palestinian-nuns_n_7260252.html
"Pope Francis will bestow sainthood on two Palestinian nuns on Sunday (May 17), a move that's being seen as giving hope to the conflict-wracked Middle East and shining the spotlight on the plight of Christians in the region."
How does someone become a saint?
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27140646
"Pope John Paul II and Pope John XXIII are to be declared saints by the Catholic Church."
Is Mother Teresa's Miracle for Real?
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2003/10/is_mother_teresas_miracle_for_real.html
"On Sunday, Pope John Paul II beatified Mother Teresa of Calcutta, bringing her one step closer to sainthood."
_________________________
NowThis World is dedicated to bringing you topical explainers about the world around you. Each week we’ll be exploring current stories in international news, by examining the facts, providing historical context, and outlining the key players involved. We’ll also highlight powerful countries, ideologies, influential leaders, and ongoing global conflicts that are shaping the current landscape of the international community across the globe today.
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http://www.youtube.com/nowthisworld
Special thanks to LissettePadilla for hosting TestTube!
Check Lissette out on Twitter:https://twitter.com/lizzette

Pope Francis recently granted sainthood to two 19th centuryPalestinian nuns. So we were wondering what are the qualifications for becoming a saint?
» Subscribe to NowThis World: http://go.nowth.is/World_Subscribe
Learn More:
Pope Francis Is Making Saints Out Of Two Palestinian Nuns
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/13/pope-francis-saints-palestinian-nuns_n_7260252.html
"Pope Francis will bestow sainthood on two Palestinian nuns on Sunday (May 17), a move that's being seen as giving hope to the conflict-wracked Middle East and shining the spotlight on the plight of Christians in the region."
How does someone become a saint?
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27140646
"Pope John Paul II and Pope John XXIII are to be declared saints by the Catholic Church."
Is Mother Teresa's Miracle for Real?
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2003/10/is_mother_teresas_miracle_for_real.html
"On Sunday, Pope John Paul II beatified Mother Teresa of Calcutta, bringing her one step closer to sainthood."
_________________________
NowThis World is dedicated to bringing you topical explainers about the world around you. Each week we’ll be exploring current stories in international news, by examining the facts, providing historical context, and outlining the key players involved. We’ll also highlight powerful countries, ideologies, influential leaders, and ongoing global conflicts that are shaping the current landscape of the international community across the globe today.
More from NowThis:
» Subscribe to NowThis News: http://go.nowth.is/News_Subscribe
» Like NowThis World on Facebook: https://go.nowth.is/World_Facebook
» Connect with Judah: Follow @judah_robinson on Twitter – Facebook: http://go.nowth.is/LikeJudah
» Connect with Versha: Follow @versharma on Twitter – Facebook: http://go.nowth.is/LikeVersha
http://www.youtube.com/nowthisworld
Special thanks to LissettePadilla for hosting TestTube!
Check Lissette out on Twitter:https://twitter.com/lizzette

Who Owns Antarctica?

The U.S. is testing heavily armed autonomous drones for combat... and they're working. These computer controlled weapon carriers operate solely on their own and...

The U.S. is testing heavily armed autonomous drones for combat... and they're working. These computer controlled weapon carriers operate solely on their own and have already been used to attack targets abroad. Is this the future of war? Will soldiers soon be replaced by machines?
» Subscribe to NowThis World: http://go.nowth.is/World_Subscribe
Learn More:
How Drones are Redefining "Justice" in Warfare on HippoReads:
http://read.hipporeads.com/how-drones-redefine-justice-the-hidden-war-on-terror/
"Most opposition voices understand that drone technology itself is here to stay: it is the moral and legal basis for certain applications of the technology that has been called into question."
The Future Is Now: Navy's Autonomous Swarmboats Can Overwhelm Adversaries
http://www.onr.navy.mil/Media-Center/Press-Releases/2014/autonomous-swarm-boat-unmanned-caracas.aspx
Navy Unveils Self-Guided Drone Boats
http://nypost.com/2014/10/05/navy-unveils-self-guided-drone-boats/
Office of Naval Research: Autonomous SwarmVideo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITTvgkO2Xw4&feature=youtu.be
More Than 2,400 Dead as Obama's Drone CampaignMarksFive Years
http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2014/01/23/more-than-2400-dead-as-obamas-drone-campaign-marks-five-years/
Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies
http://www.cfr.org/wars-and-warfare/reforming-us-drone-strike-policies/p29736
Ethical and Methodological Issues in Assessing Drones' Civilian Impacts in Pakistan
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/10/06/ethical-and-methodological-issues-in-assessing-drones-civilian-impacts-in-pakistan/
Department of Justice: Lawfulness of a LethalOperation Directed Against a U.S. CitizenWho is a SeniorOperationalLeader of Al-Qa'ida or an Associated Force
http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/020413_DOJ_White_Paper.pdfWatch More:
Using Drones to Protect Nature
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szV-P__unmU
_________________________
NowThis World is dedicated to bringing you topical explainers about the world around you. Each week we’ll be exploring current stories in international news, by examining the facts, providing historical context, and outlining the key players involved. We’ll also highlight powerful countries, ideologies, influential leaders, and ongoing global conflicts that are shaping the current landscape of the international community across the globe today.
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The U.S. is testing heavily armed autonomous drones for combat... and they're working. These computer controlled weapon carriers operate solely on their own and have already been used to attack targets abroad. Is this the future of war? Will soldiers soon be replaced by machines?
» Subscribe to NowThis World: http://go.nowth.is/World_Subscribe
Learn More:
How Drones are Redefining "Justice" in Warfare on HippoReads:
http://read.hipporeads.com/how-drones-redefine-justice-the-hidden-war-on-terror/
"Most opposition voices understand that drone technology itself is here to stay: it is the moral and legal basis for certain applications of the technology that has been called into question."
The Future Is Now: Navy's Autonomous Swarmboats Can Overwhelm Adversaries
http://www.onr.navy.mil/Media-Center/Press-Releases/2014/autonomous-swarm-boat-unmanned-caracas.aspx
Navy Unveils Self-Guided Drone Boats
http://nypost.com/2014/10/05/navy-unveils-self-guided-drone-boats/
Office of Naval Research: Autonomous SwarmVideo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITTvgkO2Xw4&feature=youtu.be
More Than 2,400 Dead as Obama's Drone CampaignMarksFive Years
http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2014/01/23/more-than-2400-dead-as-obamas-drone-campaign-marks-five-years/
Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies
http://www.cfr.org/wars-and-warfare/reforming-us-drone-strike-policies/p29736
Ethical and Methodological Issues in Assessing Drones' Civilian Impacts in Pakistan
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/10/06/ethical-and-methodological-issues-in-assessing-drones-civilian-impacts-in-pakistan/
Department of Justice: Lawfulness of a LethalOperation Directed Against a U.S. CitizenWho is a SeniorOperationalLeader of Al-Qa'ida or an Associated Force
http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/020413_DOJ_White_Paper.pdfWatch More:
Using Drones to Protect Nature
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szV-P__unmU
_________________________
NowThis World is dedicated to bringing you topical explainers about the world around you. Each week we’ll be exploring current stories in international news, by examining the facts, providing historical context, and outlining the key players involved. We’ll also highlight powerful countries, ideologies, influential leaders, and ongoing global conflicts that are shaping the current landscape of the international community across the globe today.
More from NowThis:
» Subscribe to NowThis News: http://go.nowth.is/News_Subscribe
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http://www.youtube.com/nowthisworld

A tribe in Panama uses drones to protect their territory

A tribe in Panama with strong roots in the rainforest is seeking a land title to secure their territory. And they’re protecting their borders with a surprising ...

A tribe in Panama with strong roots in the rainforest is seeking a land title to secure their territory. And they’re protecting their borders with a surprising form of surveillance. Drones.
According to the World Bank, there are around 42 million indigenous people in Latin America. That accounts for about eight percent of the population. While most of the indigenous may still carry on customs that preserve their ancient culture, not all are living in the past.
One tribe in the rainforests of Panama who have been on a quest to obtain the legal rights to the land they have inhabited for generations, are embracing modern technology. They're using drones to help gather data that will help their case.
Correspondent Harris Whitbeck gives us a bird’s eye view of their efforts from outside Panama City.

A tribe in Panama with strong roots in the rainforest is seeking a land title to secure their territory. And they’re protecting their borders with a surprising form of surveillance. Drones.
According to the World Bank, there are around 42 million indigenous people in Latin America. That accounts for about eight percent of the population. While most of the indigenous may still carry on customs that preserve their ancient culture, not all are living in the past.
One tribe in the rainforests of Panama who have been on a quest to obtain the legal rights to the land they have inhabited for generations, are embracing modern technology. They're using drones to help gather data that will help their case.
Correspondent Harris Whitbeck gives us a bird’s eye view of their efforts from outside Panama City.

In this video you can find seven little known facts about the British Indian Ocean Territories. Keep watching and subscribe, as more British territories will follow!
You can now support this channel via Patreon, by accessing the link bellow. Thank you!
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------------------------------------------------
More information about the video content bellow:
1. The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is a British overseas territory of the United Kingdom situated in the Indian Ocean halfway between Tanzania and Indonesia. The territory comprises the seven atolls of the Chagos Archipelago with over 1,000 individual islands – many very small – amounting to a total land area of 60 square kilometres.
2. The only inhabitants are US and British military personnel and associated contractors, who collectively number around 2,500 (2012 figures).
3. The removal of Chagossians from the Chagos Archipelago occurred between 1968 and 1973. The Chagossians, then numbering about 2,000 people, were expelled by the British government to Mauritius and Seychelles to allow the United States to build a military base there. Today, the exiled Chagossians are still trying to return, arguing that the forced expulsion and dispossession was illegal. The islands are off-limits to Chagossians, casual tourists, and the media.
4. In 1965, the United Kingdom split the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius and the islands of Aldabra, Farquhar and Desroches (Des Roches) from the Seychelles to form the British Indian Ocean Territory. The islands were formally established as an overseas territory of the United Kingdom on 8 November 1965. On 23 June 1976, Aldabra, Farquhar and Desroches were returned to Seychelles as a result of its attaining independence. On 23 June 2017, the United Nations General Assembly voted in favour of referring the territorial dispute between Mauritius and the UK to the International Court of Justice in order to clarify the legal status of the Chagos Islands archipelago in the Indian Ocean.
5. As a territory of the United Kingdom, the head of state is Elizabeth II. There is no governor appointed to represent the Queen on the territory, as there are no longer any native inhabitants. The head of government is the commissioner and an administrator, all of whom reside in the United Kingdom. The laws of the territory are based on the constitution, which gives the Commissioner full powers to make laws for the territory. As almost all residents of the BIOT are members of the United States military, however, in practice crimes are more commonly charged under United States military law.
6. Camp Justice is a settlement within the US-UK Naval SupportFacility on Diego Garcia, a small, strategically located, isolated island in the Indian Ocean. It acts as the capital of the Overseas Territory. Starting as early as 2004 rumors began to surface that the United States had been using Diego Garcia as a black site for the detention and torture of individuals captured in the "Global War On Terror".
7. The territory is an archipelago of 55 islands, the largest being Diego Garcia, accounting for almost half of the total land area of the territory, which is 60 km². The terrain is flat and low, with most areas not exceeding 2 metres above sea level. The climate is tropical marine; hot, humid, and moderated by trade winds. In 2010 545,000 square kilometres of ocean around the islands was declared a marine reserve.
More Info:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory
Music:
• Aurora B.Polaris - Euphoria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HBacGsBl_U
https://auroraborealischill.bandcamp.com/album/aether-ep
https://open.spotify.com/album/4aJsVkbCovc5vBv7IYLDtq
https://www.facebook.com/AuroraBorealisOfficial
https://soundcloud.com/auroraborealismusic
https://auroraborealischill.bandcamp.com/releases
https://twitter.com/abofficialmusic
Images:
http://www.britainstreasureislands.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/BIOT-1-1.jpg
http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/military_service/Diego%20Garcia.jpg
http://www.minorityvoices.org/force_download.php?file=data/files/final/news_499/image007.jpg
https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/DatabaseImages/ESC/large/ISS006/ISS006-E-43826.JPG
By Barryob at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3837996
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/df/6f/d5/df6fd5d8aa495b54f5c697e28aae492c.jpg
https://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/military_service/Diego%20Garcia%20Base.jpg
IntroCreator:
Pushed to Insanity
http://pushedtoinsanity.com/portfolio-item/free-2d-outro-template-11/

In this video you can find seven little known facts about the British Indian Ocean Territories. Keep watching and subscribe, as more British territories will follow!
You can now support this channel via Patreon, by accessing the link bellow. Thank you!
https://www.patreon.com/7facts
Learn, Share, Subscribe
US States & Territories
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbZJ71IJGFRT2EjuHJUt4-YZ59SZNc8ch
206 Countries in One Series
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbZJ71IJGFRR54b-LlPPw6YcUFiBEEP6G
Social Media:
https://twitter.com/Sebastian2Go
https://www.facebook.com/official7facts
------------------------------------------------
More information about the video content bellow:
1. The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is a British overseas territory of the United Kingdom situated in the Indian Ocean halfway between Tanzania and Indonesia. The territory comprises the seven atolls of the Chagos Archipelago with over 1,000 individual islands – many very small – amounting to a total land area of 60 square kilometres.
2. The only inhabitants are US and British military personnel and associated contractors, who collectively number around 2,500 (2012 figures).
3. The removal of Chagossians from the Chagos Archipelago occurred between 1968 and 1973. The Chagossians, then numbering about 2,000 people, were expelled by the British government to Mauritius and Seychelles to allow the United States to build a military base there. Today, the exiled Chagossians are still trying to return, arguing that the forced expulsion and dispossession was illegal. The islands are off-limits to Chagossians, casual tourists, and the media.
4. In 1965, the United Kingdom split the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius and the islands of Aldabra, Farquhar and Desroches (Des Roches) from the Seychelles to form the British Indian Ocean Territory. The islands were formally established as an overseas territory of the United Kingdom on 8 November 1965. On 23 June 1976, Aldabra, Farquhar and Desroches were returned to Seychelles as a result of its attaining independence. On 23 June 2017, the United Nations General Assembly voted in favour of referring the territorial dispute between Mauritius and the UK to the International Court of Justice in order to clarify the legal status of the Chagos Islands archipelago in the Indian Ocean.
5. As a territory of the United Kingdom, the head of state is Elizabeth II. There is no governor appointed to represent the Queen on the territory, as there are no longer any native inhabitants. The head of government is the commissioner and an administrator, all of whom reside in the United Kingdom. The laws of the territory are based on the constitution, which gives the Commissioner full powers to make laws for the territory. As almost all residents of the BIOT are members of the United States military, however, in practice crimes are more commonly charged under United States military law.
6. Camp Justice is a settlement within the US-UK Naval SupportFacility on Diego Garcia, a small, strategically located, isolated island in the Indian Ocean. It acts as the capital of the Overseas Territory. Starting as early as 2004 rumors began to surface that the United States had been using Diego Garcia as a black site for the detention and torture of individuals captured in the "Global War On Terror".
7. The territory is an archipelago of 55 islands, the largest being Diego Garcia, accounting for almost half of the total land area of the territory, which is 60 km². The terrain is flat and low, with most areas not exceeding 2 metres above sea level. The climate is tropical marine; hot, humid, and moderated by trade winds. In 2010 545,000 square kilometres of ocean around the islands was declared a marine reserve.
More Info:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory
Music:
• Aurora B.Polaris - Euphoria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HBacGsBl_U
https://auroraborealischill.bandcamp.com/album/aether-ep
https://open.spotify.com/album/4aJsVkbCovc5vBv7IYLDtq
https://www.facebook.com/AuroraBorealisOfficial
https://soundcloud.com/auroraborealismusic
https://auroraborealischill.bandcamp.com/releases
https://twitter.com/abofficialmusic
Images:
http://www.britainstreasureislands.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/BIOT-1-1.jpg
http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/military_service/Diego%20Garcia.jpg
http://www.minorityvoices.org/force_download.php?file=data/files/final/news_499/image007.jpg
https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/DatabaseImages/ESC/large/ISS006/ISS006-E-43826.JPG
By Barryob at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3837996
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/df/6f/d5/df6fd5d8aa495b54f5c697e28aae492c.jpg
https://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/military_service/Diego%20Garcia%20Base.jpg
IntroCreator:
Pushed to Insanity
http://pushedtoinsanity.com/portfolio-item/free-2d-outro-template-11/

Why choose a State or Territory

If you liked this video and you would like to build a legal document, do so at our website here: http://www.legalconsolidated.com.au/
What we do:
Legal Consol...

If you liked this video and you would like to build a legal document, do so at our website here: http://www.legalconsolidated.com.au/
What we do:
LegalConsolidated Barristers & Solicitors provides cutting edge access to the Internet for accountants, financial advisers, lawyers, business owners and the community seeking to build legal documents online.
Why choose our law firm:
You deal directly with a law firm's website, therefore you:
1. retain legal professional privilege,
2. benefit from the law firm's PI insurance, and
3. receive legal advice from us.
We offer a 100% money back guarantee on every single document you build.

If you liked this video and you would like to build a legal document, do so at our website here: http://www.legalconsolidated.com.au/
What we do:
LegalConsolidated Barristers & Solicitors provides cutting edge access to the Internet for accountants, financial advisers, lawyers, business owners and the community seeking to build legal documents online.
Why choose our law firm:
You deal directly with a law firm's website, therefore you:
1. retain legal professional privilege,
2. benefit from the law firm's PI insurance, and
3. receive legal advice from us.
We offer a 100% money back guarantee on every single document you build.

Do I Have to Choose a State or Territory

If you liked this video and you would like to build a legal document, do so at our website here: http://www.legalconsolidated.com.au/
What we do:
Legal Consol...

If you liked this video and you would like to build a legal document, do so at our website here: http://www.legalconsolidated.com.au/
What we do:
LegalConsolidated Barristers & Solicitors provides cutting edge access to the Internet for accountants, financial advisers, lawyers, business owners and the community seeking to build legal documents online.
Why choose our law firm:
You deal directly with a law firm's website, therefore you:
1. retain legal professional privilege,
2. benefit from the law firm's PI insurance, and
3. receive legal advice from us.
We offer a 100% money back guarantee on every single document you build.

If you liked this video and you would like to build a legal document, do so at our website here: http://www.legalconsolidated.com.au/
What we do:
LegalConsolidated Barristers & Solicitors provides cutting edge access to the Internet for accountants, financial advisers, lawyers, business owners and the community seeking to build legal documents online.
Why choose our law firm:
You deal directly with a law firm's website, therefore you:
1. retain legal professional privilege,
2. benefit from the law firm's PI insurance, and
3. receive legal advice from us.
We offer a 100% money back guarantee on every single document you build.

Cession , Acquisition of territory in International Law - Lex Animata - By Hesham Elrafei

modes of acquiring territory in public international law: Cession By Hesham Elrafei
Cession
1 A territory, is the material evidence of state sovereignty , as its not possible to have a state without a land.
2 And it includes the land , the subsoil, the water, the seacoast , and the airspace over the land ,
3 and the territorial waters, which extends to almost 14 miles from the coast. baseline .
4 There are number of ways in which a territory can be acquired
5 Like the effective Occupation of a land, that belongs to no one, (V: terra nullius ) ,
6 The Incorporation , which means the whole of a State’s territory , becoming part of the territory of another State.
7 The annexation , where a territory is taken away from a State, without its approval.
8 The secession , where part of a country , separates itself and becomes an independent State.
9 a concession , where a part of a country , is administered by an entity other than the state , which holds sovereignty over it
10 and Cession , where the territory becomes part of an existing country,
11 by peacefully transferring its ownership , from one State to another , with the consent of both countries. ( based on mutual consent )
12 Cession can occur in exchange for a payment of money ,
13 like the louisiana purchase agreement , between france and the united states,
( like the US bought Louisiana from France, Alaska from Russia, and the Philippines from Spain ) ,
14 or in exchange for another piece of territory ,
Like when britain ceded Heligoland to Germany, in exchange for Zanzibar
15 In contrast, when a country leases territory from another, it only receives the right to exercise the territorial authority.
16 while full sovereignty remains with the original owner,
17 like in the case of Hong Kong , Macau, and Guantánamo Bay .
18 On the other hand, A cession requires the consent of both States involved,
19 including consent of the population affected by the transfer of territory, As part of people's right to self-determination ,
20 which is universally recognized as a jus cogens norm.
21 The process normally takes place by means of a treaty ,
22 and its effects are opposable to all third States .
23 However , certain parts of a State’s territory , by their nature, cannot be ceded
24 like the territorial sea , and the airspace above it
25
today, cession is mostly used as a technique of boundaries modification, between neighbouring States.
26 And its main legal effect, is the replacement of one State by another , in the rights and responsibility , of the territory in question.
27 therefore the grantee state is responsible toward other states , for everything that happens on the territory
28 That includes, any damage that may arise from acts , or the failure to act on that territory.
29 Like the Liability for Environmental Damage ,
30 or the obligation that the territory will not be used for private acts of violence or terrorism, against other States .
31 The legal effect of cession , also means the passing of State property , State debts and nationality of the population,
32 Of the predecessor to the successor State,

Jurisdiction of States explained | International Law | Lex Animata | Hesham Elrafei

States jurisdiction in international law : concept, types and examples.
By Hesham Elrafei
https://www.linkedin.com/in/heshamelrafei
State jurisdiction, reflects the international law general principles ,
of state sovereignty, equality of states , and non-interference in other states domestic affairs, and it means that a government and its courts , have general power to exercise authority, over all persons and things, within its territorial boundaries ,
however, there must be a link , between the individual , the offence
and the state court exercising jurisdiction over that person.
while it's primarily territorial, jurisdiction of states may be based on
other grounds, like national security , and citizenship of the victim or the offender, however , the enforcement of such jurisdiction, is restricted by territorial factors.
State jurisdiction, reflects the international law general principles ,
of state sovereignty,
equality of states ,
and non-interference in other states domestic affairs.
and it means that a government and its courts ,
have general power to exercise authority,
over all persons and things,
within its territorial boundaries ,
in relation to civil and criminal matters.
however, there must be a link ,
between the individual ,
the offence ,
and the state court exercising jurisdiction over that person.
while it's primarily territorial, jurisdiction of states may be based on
other grounds,
like national security ,
and citizenship of the victim or the offender,
however , the enforcement of such jurisdiction, is restricted by territorial factors
the first base of jurisdiction, is the territorial principle , and it means that the local court power, is geographically restricted, within the borders of that state.
However, As one offence may take place in more than one single country, the territorial jurisdiction is divided into 2 categories, subjective and objective.
the subjective principle, is exercised by the state in which the offence is started , while the objective principle, is exercised by the state in which the offence is completed.
For example, a fraud can be committed by someone in ireland,
against another in england. or a shooting incident , can take place on the borders of two countries,
on the other hand, the state power is not absolute within its territory , as certain persons, like diplomats. are immune, from the local courts jurisdiction, the nationality of the parties, is the second ground for state jurisdiction, as a state can exercise its jurisdiction, beyond its territory ( boundaries ) , regardless where the person is located, subject that the offender or the victim ( the passive personality ) is a national of the claimant country.
The 3rd ground is the protective or security principle, and it allows a State , to exercise jurisdiction over foreigners, outside its territory , regardless of their citizenship , when there is a threat to its national security.
And lastly, the universality principle , is the fourth ground for state jurisdiction, and it allows any state , to punish certain international offences abroad , like piracy, slavery , torture , crimes against humanity and genocide, whether committed by or against foreign nationals.

What Laws Apply In International Waters?

Pope Francis recently granted sainthood to two 19th centuryPalestinian nuns. So we were wondering what are the qualifications for becoming a saint?
» Subscribe to NowThis World: http://go.nowth.is/World_Subscribe
Learn More:
Pope Francis Is Making Saints Out Of Two Palestinian Nuns
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/13/pope-francis-saints-palestinian-nuns_n_7260252.html
"Pope Francis will bestow sainthood on two Palestinian nuns on Sunday (May 17), a move that's being seen as giving hope to the conflict-wracked Middle East and shining the spotlight on the plight of Christians in the region."
How does someone become a saint?
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27140646
"Pope John Paul II and Pope John XXIII are to be declared saints by the Catholic Church."
Is Mother Teresa's Miracle for Real?
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2003/10/is_mother_teresas_miracle_for_real.html
"On Sunday, Pope John Paul II beatified Mother Teresa of Calcutta, bringing her one step closer to sainthood."
_________________________
NowThis World is dedicated to bringing you topical explainers about the world around you. Each week we’ll be exploring current stories in international news, by examining the facts, providing historical context, and outlining the key players involved. We’ll also highlight powerful countries, ideologies, influential leaders, and ongoing global conflicts that are shaping the current landscape of the international community across the globe today.
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Who Owns Antarctica?

The U.S. is testing heavily armed autonomous drones for combat... and they're working. These computer controlled weapon carriers operate solely on their own and have already been used to attack targets abroad. Is this the future of war? Will soldiers soon be replaced by machines?
» Subscribe to NowThis World: http://go.nowth.is/World_Subscribe
Learn More:
How Drones are Redefining "Justice" in Warfare on HippoReads:
http://read.hipporeads.com/how-drones-redefine-justice-the-hidden-war-on-terror/
"Most opposition voices understand that drone technology itself is here to stay: it is the moral and legal basis for certain applications of the technology that has been called into question."
The Future Is Now: Navy's Autonomous Swarmboats Can Overwhelm Adversaries
http://www.onr.navy.mil/Media-Center/Press-Releases/2014/autonomous-swarm-boat-unmanned-caracas.aspx
Navy Unveils Self-Guided Drone Boats
http://nypost.com/2014/10/05/navy-unveils-self-guided-drone-boats/
Office of Naval Research: Autonomous SwarmVideo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITTvgkO2Xw4&feature=youtu.be
More Than 2,400 Dead as Obama's Drone CampaignMarksFive Years
http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2014/01/23/more-than-2400-dead-as-obamas-drone-campaign-marks-five-years/
Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies
http://www.cfr.org/wars-and-warfare/reforming-us-drone-strike-policies/p29736
Ethical and Methodological Issues in Assessing Drones' Civilian Impacts in Pakistan
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/10/06/ethical-and-methodological-issues-in-assessing-drones-civilian-impacts-in-pakistan/
Department of Justice: Lawfulness of a LethalOperation Directed Against a U.S. CitizenWho is a SeniorOperationalLeader of Al-Qa'ida or an Associated Force
http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/020413_DOJ_White_Paper.pdfWatch More:
Using Drones to Protect Nature
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szV-P__unmU
_________________________
NowThis World is dedicated to bringing you topical explainers about the world around you. Each week we’ll be exploring current stories in international news, by examining the facts, providing historical context, and outlining the key players involved. We’ll also highlight powerful countries, ideologies, influential leaders, and ongoing global conflicts that are shaping the current landscape of the international community across the globe today.
More from NowThis:
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A tribe in Panama uses drones to protect their territory

A tribe in Panama with strong roots in the rainforest is seeking a land title to secure their territory. And they’re protecting their borders with a surprising form of surveillance. Drones.
According to the World Bank, there are around 42 million indigenous people in Latin America. That accounts for about eight percent of the population. While most of the indigenous may still carry on customs that preserve their ancient culture, not all are living in the past.
One tribe in the rainforests of Panama who have been on a quest to obtain the legal rights to the land they have inhabited for generations, are embracing modern technology. They're using drones to help gather data that will help their case.
Correspondent Harris Whitbeck gives us a bird’s eye view of their efforts from outside Panama City.

7 Facts about the British Indian Ocean Territory

In this video you can find seven little known facts about the British Indian Ocean Territories. Keep watching and subscribe, as more British territories will follow!
You can now support this channel via Patreon, by accessing the link bellow. Thank you!
https://www.patreon.com/7facts
Learn, Share, Subscribe
US States & Territories
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbZJ71IJGFRT2EjuHJUt4-YZ59SZNc8ch
206 Countries in One Series
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbZJ71IJGFRR54b-LlPPw6YcUFiBEEP6G
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1. The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is a British overseas territory of the United Kingdom situated in the Indian Ocean halfway between Tanzania and Indonesia. The territory comprises the seven atolls of the Chagos Archipelago with over 1,000 individual islands – many very small – amounting to a total land area of 60 square kilometres.
2. The only inhabitants are US and British military personnel and associated contractors, who collectively number around 2,500 (2012 figures).
3. The removal of Chagossians from the Chagos Archipelago occurred between 1968 and 1973. The Chagossians, then numbering about 2,000 people, were expelled by the British government to Mauritius and Seychelles to allow the United States to build a military base there. Today, the exiled Chagossians are still trying to return, arguing that the forced expulsion and dispossession was illegal. The islands are off-limits to Chagossians, casual tourists, and the media.
4. In 1965, the United Kingdom split the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius and the islands of Aldabra, Farquhar and Desroches (Des Roches) from the Seychelles to form the British Indian Ocean Territory. The islands were formally established as an overseas territory of the United Kingdom on 8 November 1965. On 23 June 1976, Aldabra, Farquhar and Desroches were returned to Seychelles as a result of its attaining independence. On 23 June 2017, the United Nations General Assembly voted in favour of referring the territorial dispute between Mauritius and the UK to the International Court of Justice in order to clarify the legal status of the Chagos Islands archipelago in the Indian Ocean.
5. As a territory of the United Kingdom, the head of state is Elizabeth II. There is no governor appointed to represent the Queen on the territory, as there are no longer any native inhabitants. The head of government is the commissioner and an administrator, all of whom reside in the United Kingdom. The laws of the territory are based on the constitution, which gives the Commissioner full powers to make laws for the territory. As almost all residents of the BIOT are members of the United States military, however, in practice crimes are more commonly charged under United States military law.
6. Camp Justice is a settlement within the US-UK Naval SupportFacility on Diego Garcia, a small, strategically located, isolated island in the Indian Ocean. It acts as the capital of the Overseas Territory. Starting as early as 2004 rumors began to surface that the United States had been using Diego Garcia as a black site for the detention and torture of individuals captured in the "Global War On Terror".
7. The territory is an archipelago of 55 islands, the largest being Diego Garcia, accounting for almost half of the total land area of the territory, which is 60 km². The terrain is flat and low, with most areas not exceeding 2 metres above sea level. The climate is tropical marine; hot, humid, and moderated by trade winds. In 2010 545,000 square kilometres of ocean around the islands was declared a marine reserve.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory
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Why choose a State or Territory

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Do I Have to Choose a State or Territory

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Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or, depending on definition, by Antarctica. It is named after India. The Indian Ocean is known as Ratnākara (Sanskrit: रत्नाकर), "the mine of gems", in ancient Sanskrit literature and as Hind Mahāsāgar (Devanāgarī: हिन्द महासागर) in Hindi.

... of external affairs (MEA) in a release said, "Pakistan Government or judiciary have no locus standi&nbsp;on territories illegally and forcibly occupied by it. Any action to alter the status of these occupied territories by Pakistan has no legal basis whatsoever."....

"Pakistan Government or judiciary have no locus standi on territories illegally and forcibly occupied by it," the statement read. "Any action to alter the status of these occupied territories by Pakistan has no legal basis whatsoever," the statement added....

Do I Have to Choose a State or Territory...

Latest News for: Legal territory

... of external affairs (MEA) in a release said, "Pakistan Government or judiciary have no locus standi&nbsp;on territories illegally and forcibly occupied by it. Any action to alter the status of these occupied territories by Pakistan has no legal basis whatsoever."....

"Pakistan Government or judiciary have no locus standi on territories illegally and forcibly occupied by it," the statement read. "Any action to alter the status of these occupied territories by Pakistan has no legal basis whatsoever," the statement added....

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Yet this is precisely what Israel has done, first by maintaining its occupation post the 1967 Six Day War, and then in 1981 purporting to incorporate the Golan Heights into its own administrative territory...Even if Israel had legitimate self-defence concerns, occupying the territory of a neighbouring state is neither feasible nor legal....

The Bnei Brak municipality filed a petition Wednesday to the High Court against the Transportation Ministry and NETA (Urban transport routes), claiming that the state is acting to expropriate territory under their ownership of Bnei Brak, bypassing an agreement they signed with them not to work on their legalterritory on Shabbos ... PrintEmailGmail. ....

TORONTO, ON, Jan ... (CSE. TOKI; OTCPINK ... CBD&CBN is supported by Mr ... As additional territories follow the lead of the United States and legalize CBD hemp oil, the Company expects that additional consumers will discover its benefits ... “The rise in popularity has followed a loosening of legal restrictions around the world ... ABOUT TREE OF KNOWLEDGE ... ....