I
have taken this information from a number of sources that
I found available, including the catalogues of Scott's,
Gibbons, Michel, Szekely, etc., a large number of stamp
journals, and have also received invaluable information
from Bela Bauer, Ben Reeves, John Grafel, Doris and William
Stericker, and the Austro Hungarian Philatelic Society
members. I wish to thank all of them for their invaluable
aid, which has made this booklet a fund of information
which I hope you will find a worthy addition to your philatelic
library.

NOTES:
#1 to #6 are known to exist imperforate.
The 25 kr. stamp of 1871 (both lithographed and engraved)
was intended for the payment of money orders or for special
delivery letters. When used for the payment of money orders
the stamp shows the town cancellation with the word "PENZUTALVANY"
or "GELDANWEISUNG" both of which mean "money
order." Should the cancellation not show either of
the above words, the stamp was used for special delivery.
There are a few known covers showing the use of the stamp
for registration.
Mr. John Grafel, president of the Austro Hungarian Philatelic
society, explained the 10 types of this issue in the September,
1947 issue of the S.P.A. Journal as follows:

"There is no definite knowledge as to the method
used in printing the 1871 issue of the lithographed stamps.
The only information available is from older collectors,
who recalled seeing a full sheet of the 3 kr. value of
100 stamps in the famous Hungarian collection formed by
Lajos Richter. This sheet was sold to the Senf brothers
in Leipzig and is our only basis for assuming that the
stamps were printed in sheets of 100. This sheet never
appeared again and may have been broken up or destroyed.
"The method used in making the stone from which the
sheets of stamps were produced is in doubt, on account
of not having enough lithographed stamps, let alone pairs,
strips, or blocks, which are almost non existent. The
first attempt to determine the method of printing was
made around 1920 by Hugo Grieber, the great English philatelist,
who died in 1923. He was able to assemble enough 5 kr.
lithographed stamps to begin his work.
"Based on the process of lithography, during the
transfer of the subject from the master engraving to the
stone from which the 100 subject stamp sheets were produced,
some minute flaws naturally occurred. These included breaks
in lines, dots, spots, etc. A study of these flaws led
to the possibility of the existence of the types. With
the material on hand Hugo Grieber found that from the
master engraving ten impressions were made and transferred
to the stone and this was repeated nine times more to
give the 100 subjects for the stone from which the stamps
were produced.
"This gave the first impetus for further studies
and, soon after the establishment of the ten types and
the death of Hugo Grieber, the great Hungarian philatelist,
Miklos Redey, took up these for further study. He also
found ten types. However, he believed in the following
process:
From the master engraving five impressions were made on
transfer paper. This was repeated five times on to a stone
until a block of 25 was created. The block of 25 was then
transferred three more times, which gave the 100 subjects
to the stone.
"From both of these studies the existence of the
ten types of the 5 kr. lithographed stamps is an established
fact. The writer of this article also was able to work
out the ten types of the 10 kr. denomination. But it will
be extremely hard to work out the types of any other denomination,
because of the scarcity of these stamps.

Diagram Showing the Ten Types of the
5 Kr. Lithographed Stamps.

The
Ten Types of the 5 Kr. Lithographed Stamps '

Type
1.
(a). In the circular pearl frame around the head the
shading is missing in the pearl in line with the rear
lower head ribbon.
(b). Above the forehead, between the inner circular line
and the pearl frame, there are two colored dots Type 2.
(a). There is a double colored line in the elbow of "K."
(b). There are two colored dots on the outer frame line
at lower left.
(c). In white circular line above "r" there
is a colored dot.Type 3.
(a). The horizontal outer frame line at the bottom is
broken at the left.Type 4.
(a). There is a colored dot in the flag of the numeral
5.
(b). There is a triangular white spot in the bottom of
the vertical bar of "K."Type 5.
(a). A short line extends into the nose above the moustache.
(b). There is a colored line in the vertical bar of "r."
(c). The upper angular line of "K" is broken.Type 6.
(a). The horizontal upper frame line is broken at the
left.
(b). There is a white spot at the left of the figure 5.Type 7.
(a). There is a colored line at the left in the outer
white circle around the figure 5.
(b). There are two colored dots between the horizontal
frame line and the outer circular line around the head.Type 8.
(a). There is a small colored dot on the inner circular
line around the head at the right of the moustache.
(b). There is a small colored dot outside of the stamp
design at the right in line with the moustache.Type 9.
(a). There is a colored dot at the upper left hand corner
of the frame line.
(b). A line connects the Hungarian and Croatian coats
of arms.Type 10.
(a). In the upper right rosette one leaf at the right
is smaller. Otherwise this type does not show any of the
plate flaws described in the other nine types.

NOTES:
The 2, 3 and 5 are known in violet, blue green and a dull
red. The 5 is known imperf.
Although the official date of issue is October 1, 1874,
stamps were placed in general use on January 1, 1875,
except the 20 Kr, which was first used on June 6, 1876
according to the Austro Hungarian Philatelic society.

NOTES:
Collectors in Hungary naturally specialize in their own
stamps to a greater degree than do we over here. They
watch for inverted watermarks, either vertical or horizontal,
and make a very minute study of them. Do not think you
have something too special if you find that the watermark
is not in the natural position. They come all four ways.
However, those not normal are scarcer. The 2 is known
in rose lilac, also in slate, and the 3 is known in yellow
green. There are known covers with postmarks as early
as February, 1881, but the April date is the official
date.

NOTES:
In 1888 Hungary changed the design adopted in 1874 by
changing the colored numerals on the back of the envelope
in the design to black. In addition, fine colored lines
were used as a background over which the design was printed.
All the stamps except the 1 kr were produced in three
operations: (1) the colored background lines by the lithographic
process, (2) the stamp design was typographed, (3) the
numerals were typographed. Originally the 1 kr was produced
in two operations; no background lines were used, the
design was typographed and then the figure 1 was printed.
Only 4,500,000 were produced by this method. Later the
denomination (the numeral 1) was inserted in the plate
and the stamp printed in one operation. About 160,000,000
were so produced. There is a difference in the two printings
the intersecting lines portraying the flaps of the envelope
are complete on the first printing; the numeral 1 is seldom
placed in the center of the intersection of those lines.
While on the second type the intersecting lines have been
cleaned away to accommodate the insertion of the numeral
"1."
The 3 forint value comes perf 111½ only.

NOTES:
On January 1, 1898 the Department of Commerce announced
a competition for a design of a new Hungarian stamp. Specifications
were that the design should have a typical Hungarian motif
to show other nations the high standard of Hungarian art
and culture.
Fifty six artists competed submitting 166 designs. Some
of the designs won prizes but none were accepted for stamps.
Later two designs were selected from artists whose work
did not win any of the prizes.

NOTES:
The 1, 2, 3, 5, 20 and 1 kr are known to exist in horizontal
pairs, imperf between; the 3-20 and 1 kr. are known to
exist imperf all around.
If you are interested in the watermarks, the paper on
which the 1900 issue was printed was obtained from a paper
manufacturing plant located in the town of Nagyszlabos.
The watermark, consisting of intersecting circles each
containing a St. Stephen's crown, appears throughout the
sheet. The circles are 441½ to 46 mm. in diameter.
A star appears in every third space formed by the intersecting
circles. This star is the trade mark of the paper manufacturer.
Underneath, and in the next row of spaces of the intersecting
circles, there appears the Roman numeral IV. This is the
mark of the quality of the paper. The quality and trade
watermarks appear in four places in each sheet of 100
stamps. The position of the watermark depends upon the
method used to feed the paper into the press. Four different
positions may exist. These positions can be determined
from the position of the small cross on top of the crown
and the numeral IV.

NOTES:
Scott lists 2 types of watermarks # 134 two straight lines
or ribbons hanging from the crown, # 135 three lines each
ending in a semi circle suspended from the crown. The
Hungarian catalogues show the second watermark was used
in 1908, while a third watermark a very square crown rather
than round at the top was used from 1909 through 1913.
The stamps perf 15 are those with #135 and the unreported
watermark, while those with # 134 are perf 12 x 11½.
The 5 and 1k exist imperf and imperf between, and there
is one known error in the set, the 50f in magenta instead
of lake.

NOTES:
Again we find the watermark running vertical or horizontal
or vice versa in the stamps. There is one known error
the 35 cliche is found in the plate of the 50f, making
it a wrong color. Beware of stamp #97. In their zest to
find stamps with the watermark sideways, some have been
known to bleach the "salmon" No. 98 (which is
comparatively common with sideway watermark) to make it
be #97. One way to be sure you have a genuine No. 97 with
watermark sideways is the cancellation this should be
either in 1913 or the first two months in 1914. As is
usual with European countries, in the cancellation the
year is shown first, then the month, then the day of the
month, and lastly the hour of the date of posting.

No.
104-105

TYPE:
A 6, A 7
ISSUED: December 30, 1916
PROCESS: Engraved
PERF: 15
PAPER: Watermarked double cross
DESIGNER: Gyula Pethely
DESIGNS: King Karl (Charles I) Queen Zita
PURPOSE: In commemoration of the Coronation of Charles
I as King of Hungary and Emperor of Austria.
HISTORY: Charles I, born 1887, was the son of Archduke
Otto and Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony; grandson of
Francis Joseph I. Married Princess Zita of Bourbon Parma
on October 11, 1911. Succeeded to the throne of his grandfather
on November 21, 1916. Renounced participation in Austrian
affairs on November 11, 1918, and in Hungarian affairs
on November 13, 1918. Moved to Switzerland in 1919. Made
a futile attempt to regain the Kingdom of Hungary in 1921
and died in 1922.

NOTES:
Both are known to exist imperf.
Both were printed on the same sheet hence 104 and 105
exist setenant. There were two special post marks used
the day of the coronation one pictures two angels holding
up the Hungarian crown, the other the crown and ornaments;
but either is a splendid addition to any collection.

No.
106-107

TYPE:
A 8
ISSUED: November 1, 1915
PROCESS: Typographed
PERF: 15
PAPER: Watermarked double cross
DESIGNER: Edmund Tull
PURPOSE: New designs of regular postage since a new design
was about to be issued, and the 10 and 15 values were
needed they were issued before the balance of the set.
DESIGN: Harvesting wheat, symbolical of the fertile plains
of Hungary and their farm industry. White numerals.

No.
108-118

TYPE:
A 9
ISSUED: November 1, 1916 through the 40.
PROCESS: Typographed
PERF: 15
Same as above, except stamps have colored numerals.

NOTES:
Forty is known in a dark green.
Five and 15 are known on thick paper.

No.
119-126

TYPE:
A 10
ISSUED: January 18, 1917 and into 1918.
PROCESS: Typographed
PERF: 14½ x 14
PAPER: Watermarked double cross
DESIGNER: Vilmos Brandmayer
PURPOSE: Regular postage, high values
DESIGN: Parliament building at Budapest, on the Pest side
of the river. Work on the building stretched over a period
of 19 years and was finished soon after the beginning
of the 19th century.

NOTES:
Dark background behind white figures of value in lower
left and right corners. The entire set is known to exist
imperf. The 1k is known on a thick paper.

No.
127-132

TYPE:
A 11, A 12
ISSUED: Aug. 30, 1918
PROCESS: Typographed
PERF: 15
PAPER: Watermarked double cross
DESIGNER: Emery Foldes
PURPOSE: Regular postage
DESIGN: King Karl Queen Zita in royal robes
HISTORY: King Karl only reigned from 1918 until the beginning
of World War I. In 1918 the National council proclamed
Hungary a republic and elected Count Karolyi the Provisional
President.