物流在企业发展中的地位和作用：Status and role of SCM in the development of(3)

Chinas current logistics management , there are still Zhengqibufen phenomenon sector participation in railway logistics management system is Zhengqigeyi addition , other sectors such as civil aviation

China's current logistics management , there are still Zhengqibufen phenomenon sector participation in railway logistics management system is Zhengqigeyi addition , other sectors such as civil aviation , postal services, railways, ports , etc. and there are also different levels of government and enterprise regardless of the phenomenon . This phenomenon leads to between logistics enterprises and government departments dual defect logistics management roles . On the one hand : between government departments and logistics companies logistics management responsibilities boundary is not clear , they are both difficult to get rid of belonging to worry about the logistics of production and operation conditions, profitability , etc. , it is difficult to entirely from the perspective of the interests of society and the creation of a fair competitive environment starting to develop policies and supervise the logistics market , prone to the absence of government functions ; on the other hand , due to the administrative monopoly protection , railways, civil aviation , postal services, ports and other logistics enterprises generally lack the industry's competitive pressures , the lack of cost reduction , improve efficiency , the pursuit of technological progress and innovative power , the overall competitiveness of enterprises is not high , it is difficult to meet the needs of the current rapid development of the logistics industry .

International logistics is a modern logistics system has developed rapidly, a very large field of logistics , international logistics and support logistics activities associated with international economic relations , trade and other international exchanges occurred . Due to the rapid expansion of the last ten years, international trade, deepening international division , ending the Cold War between East and West , as well as Europe and other hot issues to accelerate the pace of integration , logistics has become a modern international logistics research.

Relative to international logistics , the logistics of a national scope , a city logistics, a logistics area are in the same economic laws, regulations, under the system are subject to the same cultural and social factors that are in basically the same technology level and the level of equipment being so , has its own unique characteristics, the region has its own characteristics . Logistics in each country to identify the difference and the difference lies, find out the connection point and the common factor , which is an important foundation for the study of international logistics . Logistics have in common , but different countries has its own characteristics, such as Japan, logistics , shipping is a very prominent feature of its Japanese homeland small , nationwide distribution system is also very characteristic. U.S. logistics , the role of large vehicles is very prominent , due to the integration process in Europe , countries are also prominent features of the division of labor and so on . This study is not only to understand the characteristics of each country 's logistics will be helpful , but also to promote mutual learning and promoting the development of a huge role . Japan is in the study of U.S. logistics based on the absorption , digestion, from the development of unique logistics . A key area of logistics research , urban logistics, developing countries in the world , a very important thing in common, is to strengthen the social division of labor , international cooperation , to cause a city and surrounding areas have gradually formed a small economic regions, which become important micro-foundation of social division , international division of labor . Development of urban economic regions depends on the establishment and operation of logistics systems. Urban Logistics to study a lot , for example , an urban development plan, not only to direct the planning of logistics facilities and logistics projects, such as construction of roads, bridges , building logistics group , the construction of warehouses , and the need to logistics constraints , to plan the entire urban area, such as factories, homes , railway stations , airports and so on. Logistics has become a focus of the world's major urban planning and construction to be studied . After the formation of the city , the city's economic activities , political activities , events and other activities are also the people to rely on the logistics , so urban logistics but also of urban production and living materials needed inflow of how , and how to more effectively supply to each form plants , waste every organ , every school and every family , the city formed a huge cost and how to organize the logistics and so on.

An important feature of the general logistics refers to the common and general logistics activities , logistics activities , involving the whole of society , companies , the establishment of the logistics system , the development of logistics activities must have general applicability . Basis points logistics system is also here , otherwise there will be a lot of logistics activity limitations, a small adaptation , the role of logistics activities on the national economy and society has greatly restricted the .

Specialized range of specialized areas , special industry in general to follow the law , based on the logistics with special constraints, specific application areas, special management, the special object of labor , machinery and equipment of special characteristics of the logistics , all belong to the scope of the special logistics . Produce specific logistics activities are deepening social division of labor , logistics activities and refined product rationalization , while maintaining universal, general logistics activities premise , and to be able to have the characteristics of the formation of scale , economies of scale can produce logistics will form itself the unique way of logistics activities and logistics . Research special role in promoting the development of the logistics of modern logistics is huge.

4 , characteristics and development trends of modern logistics现代物流的特征及发展趋势

With the advancement of social and economic development and electronic information , science and technology, content and scope of the logistics system to expand and extend continuously to achieve the transition to a modern logistics traditional logistics . Compared to traditional logistics, modern logistics has the following salient features :

Industrialization. The difference between the most modern logistics and traditional logistics lies in the nature of modern logistics presents the characteristics of industrialization . The emergence and development of logistics industry is to a certain stage of economic development , deepening social division of labor product . Traditional logistics activities are scattered in different sectors of the economy , as well as among different enterprise internal organization of different functions . With the rapid economic development , improving the level of science and technology and accelerate the process of industrialization , mass production , mass consumption makes the economy increasingly large -scale and complex logistics , traditional decentralized logistics activities has far can not meet modern economic development requirements, logistics activities inefficiencies and high costs , had an impact on economic efficiency and social reproduction constraints smoothly , and was regarded as " the dark continent 's economy ." Since the 1980s , some American , European countries began a variety of logistics functions to integrate elements of the "logistics revolution ." The first is internal logistics resource integration and integration , formed the core of enterprise logistics system , logistics management , and also will become a separate department within the functional areas of business . After consolidation and integration of logistics resources are no longer confined to the enterprise level , but transferred to the interconnectedness , the division of labor in the whole industry chain , formed the core of supply chain management , social logistics system, logistics activities gradual differentiation from the production , trade and consumption processes , and become a professional , new economic activities undertaken by independent economic organization . On this basis , developed economies appeared to businesses and consumers with specialized logistics services business, namely "Third Party Logistics " (Third one Party Logistics) business. In large numbers and trend of rapid development of various specialized logistics companies show that specialized logistics services as a new specialization in the field , has become an important part of an emerging industrial sector and the national economy.

Systematic. Logistics is the traditional way of looking at all aspects of isolated logistics , constitutes all aspects of logistics, lack of organic links, which will focus on the nature of modern logistics reduction of logistics, from a systems perspective into account all aspects of logistics , namely transport, storage storage, packaging , handling , distribution processing , distribution, logistics information. In addition, the range covered by traditional logistics usually refers to all aspects of the factory logistics . And modern logistics is extended to the two traditional logistics to make production in the field of logistics activities expanded to cover commodity production, use , disposal , recycling the entire cycle , so that the social enterprise logistics and logistics together organically . Because all aspects of the logistics system there is a " Trad " phenomenon , so the traditional logistics division to manage all aspects of activity often leads to neglect due attention to certain aspects of the overall efficiency of the logistics system . And because the full attention of modern logistics coordination of all aspects of the logistics operation , so you can make the whole logistics system to maximize the overall effectiveness of cost minimization .