Late stage assay provider results from the probe development effort to identify inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus 3C-like Protease (3CLPro): fluorescence-based biochemical dose-response assay for inhibitors of 3CLPro; Set 3

Name: Late stage assay provider results from the probe development effort to identify inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus 3C-like Protease (3CLPro): fluorescence-based biochemical dose-response assay for inhibitors of 3CLPro; Set 3. ..more

Late stage assay provider results from the probe development effort to identify inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus 3C-like Protease (3CLPro): fluorescence-based biochemical dose-response assay for inhibitors of 3CLPro

Late stage assay provider results from the probe development effort to identify inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus 3C-like Protease (3CLPro): fluorescence-based biochemical assay for inhibitors of 3CLPro

Late stage assay provider results from the probe development effort to identify inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus 3C-like Protease (3CLPro): fluorescence-based biochemical assay for inhibitors of 3CLPro: Set 2

Late stage assay provider results from the probe development effort to identify inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus 3C-like Protease (3CLPro): fluorescence-based biochemical dose-response assay for inhibitors of 3CLPro; Set 2

Late stage assay provider results from the probe development effort to identify inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus 3C-like Protease (3CLPro): fluorescence-based biochemical assay for inhibitors of 3CLPro: Set 3

Late stage assay provider results from the probe development effort to identify inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus 3C-like Protease (3CLPro): fluorescence-based biochemical dose-response assay for inhibitors of 3CLPro; Set 5

Late stage assay provider results from the probe development effort to identify inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus 3C-like Protease (3CLPro): fluorescence-based biochemical assay for inhibitors of 3CLPro: Set 5

Late stage assay provider results from the probe development effort to identify inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus 3C-like Protease (3CLPro): fluorescence-based biochemical assay for inhibitors of 3CLPro: Set 4

Late stage assay provider results from the probe development effort to identify inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus 3C-like Protease (3CLPro): fluorescence-based biochemical dose-response assay for inhibitors of 3CLPro; Set 4

Name: Late stage assay provider results from the probe development effort to identify inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus 3C-like Protease (3CLPro): fluorescence-based biochemical dose-response assay for inhibitors of 3CLPro; Set 3.

Description:

Coronaviruses are enveloped, large plus-strand RNA viruses that cause the common cold and other disorders such as lower respiratory tract infections and diarrhea (1). In 2003, the novel SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was identified (2, 3) as the etiological agent of the global epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), an atypical pneumonia that led to progressive respiratory failure in 8000 individuals and 800 deaths by July of that year (4). The SARS-CoV genome encodes a polypeptide that is proteolytically processed by two main proteases, one of which is the 3C-like protease (3CLpro). This chemotrypsin-like cysteine protease is essential for proteolytic processing of the coronavirus polyprotein and thus viral gene expression (5). The protein exists as a dimer/monomer mixture in solution and the dimer was confirmed to be the active species for the enzyme reaction (6). The current absence of a vaccine to prevent SARS infection, the possibility of future SARS epidemics, the recent cloning and expression of recombinant SARS 3CLpro (7), along with studies showing that 3CLpro is essential for viral life cycle, support a role for 3CLpro as an important pathogenic component of SARS-CoV. The identification of specific inhibitors of 3CLpro will add insights into the biology of SARS-CoV infection of avian and mammalian cells, and serve as valuable tools for inhibiting SARS-CoV replication.

Assay Overview:The purpose of this biochemical assay is to test the ability of a set of synthesized compounds to inhibit SARS-3CLpro-mediated peptide cleavage. In this assay, a fluorescent compound, HiLyte fluor TM 488, is attached at the N-terminus of a 3CLpro peptide substrate and is FRET quenched by a QXLTM520 moiety attached at the C-terminus. When the peptide is cleaved by SARS-3CLpro the fluorescent compound and quencher separate, leading to an increase in well fluorescence when measured at an excitation wavelength of 485 nm and an emission wavelength of 535 nm. As designed, compounds that inhibit 3CLpro activity will prevent cleavage of the labeled peptide substrate, thus leaving the fluorescent tag quenched on the peptide, resulting in no increase in well fluorescence. Compounds were tested in triplicate at 8 final concentrations (in serial dilution) from 100 to 0.39 uM.Protocol Summary:Prior to the start of the assay, 1 uL of test compound in DMSO or DMSO alone (1% final concentration) was added to the wells of a 96-well black flat-bottomed half-area plate. Next, 80 uL of 3CLpro enzyme (250 nM final concentration) in assay buffer (50 mM HEPES, 0.1 mg/ml BSA, 0.01% Triton-X 100, 2 mM DTT) at pH 7.5 was dispensed into each well. Negative control wells contained buffer without enzyme. The plates were then incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature. The assay was started by dispensing 20 uL of 3CLpro peptide substrate (2 uM final concentration) in 50 mM HEPES at pH 7.5 to each well. Well fluorescence was read continuously using fluorescein filters: excitation wavelength of 480 nm (with 20 nm bandwidth) and emission wavelength of 535 nm (with 20 nm bandwidth).The % inhibition for each well was then calculated as follows:% Inhibition = ( 1 - ( RFU_Test_Compound - Average_RFU_Low_Control ) / ( Average_RFU_High_Control - Average_RFU_Low_Control ) ) * 100Where:Test_Compound is defined as wells containing test compound and enzyme.High_Control is defined as wells containing DMSO and enzyme.Low_Control is defined as wells containing DMSO and no enzyme.The reported IC50 value was generated from a dose response curve.In several cases, the reported IC50s were low but artefactual due to limited solubility of the compound. This was shown for the compounds indicated by increasing the Triton X concentrations.PubChem Activity Outcome and Score:Compounds with an IC50 less than 10 uM were considered active.Any compound with a percent activity value < 50% at all test concentrations was assigned an activity score of zero. Any compound with a percent activity value >= 50% at any test concentration was assigned an activity score greater than zero.Activity score was then ranked by the potency of the compounds with fitted curves, with the most potent compounds assigned the highest activity scores.The PubChem Activity Score range for active compounds is 100-96, and for inactive compounds 90-0.List of Reagents:Recombinant SARS-3CLpro (supplied by Assay Provider)3CLpro peptide substrate: HiLyte Fluor 488-ESATLQSGLRKAK(QXL520)-NH2 (AnaSpec, part UIVT-3)96-well plates (Corning, part 3694)HEPES (Invitrogen, part 15630)Triton-X 100 (Fisher, part BP151-100)DTT (Fisher, part BP172-5)BSA (Sigma, part A35090)

Possible artifacts of this assay can include, but are not limited to: dust or lint located in or on wells of the microtiter plate, compounds that modulate well luminescence. This assay was performed by the assay provider, and submitted to PubChem by the Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (SRIMSC) on behalf of The Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center. The compounds tested in this assay were synthesized by The Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center.