This leaflet gives basic advice about the University’s
policies and procedure for dealing with incidents of
plagiarism and exam cheating. It should be read in
conjunction with the University of Bristol Exam Regulations:
bris.ac.uk/secretary/student-rules-regs

What is plagiarism?
Plagiarism can be defined as the unacknowledged inclusion of material from
another piece of work in your submission. Plagiarism can be both intentional
and unintentional. While intentional plagiarism involves deliberately submitting
someone else’s work as your own, plagiarism can also apply to unintentionally
failing to properly cite references for words and ideas taken from other sources.

Examples of plagiarism
•

Quoting someone else’s work word for word without placing the work into
quotation marks and providing a reference for that work (this can apply to
a mere sentence)

•

Using other material such as charts, diagrams, tables, coding, formulae and
figures without providing a reference for that material

•

Presenting another person’s work in your own words without reference to
the original source

•

Copying work from another student, with or without their consent

•

Collaborative work with another student if that work is presented as your
own

•

Submitting work that has been submitted to the University of Bristol or
elsewhere, in whole or in part, without referencing the earlier work. This
means that it is entirely possible to plagiarise yourself!

•

Buying or commissioning work and presenting it as your own

It is important to note that this list is
not exhaustive
As you can see, there are various ways to both
intentionally and unintentionally plagiarise. While
unintentional plagiarism may be dealt with more
leniently, it can still result in the full range of disciplinary
actions being taken against you and your work.

How can I avoid plagiarism?
As a student, you are expected to familiarise yourself with
different types of plagiarism and how to avoid it.
Your school or department may provide you with
specific guidance on referencing, and your tutor should
be able to help you with this too. You can also access
guidance on referencing at the library, and you may
be able to attend training sessions on academic writing
skills. Contact Just Ask for more information on what is
available.

How is plagiarism detected?
It is often obvious to academics when plagiarism has
occurred. However, as well as this, the University uses
plagiarism detection software called Turnitin to help
them to identify instances of plagiarism. This software
generates a report which gives a percentage â&#x20AC;&#x153;similarity
indexâ&#x20AC;? to other sources. This shows the amount of text
in the submission that is identical to text in books,
journals, internet sources, other studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s submissions,
etc. However, the report still has to be interpreted by
an academic to ascertain whether or not there are
plagiarism concerns.
If you reference correctly using quotation marks this text
will not be picked up by Turnitin. Nor will references and
bibliographies if they are appropriately labelled.

What happens if plagiarism is detected?
If it is suspected that your work contains plagiarism, your school will decide
whether it appears to be minor or serious plagiarism. Minor plagiarism is dealt with
at School level, whereas serious plagiarism must be considered at faculty level.
Not citing a reference correctly, or omitting to put a reference in the text of an
essay despite putting it in the bibliography may be considered minor plagiarism,
whereas a large chunk of text identical to another source which is not referenced
at all may be considered serious plagiarism. Also, if the piece of work carries a lot
of credit points, or if you are in your final year of study, it is likely that the incident
will be dealt with under the serious plagiarism provisions.
Whether minor or serious, the first thing that happens is that you will be informed
that there is a plagiarism concern and given details of the piece(s) of work
under consideration. At this point students are often sent a copy of the Turnitin
report so that they can see what parts of the text have been identified as
identical to other sources.

The interview

You will then be invited for an interview, called a Plagiarism Review Panel,
to discuss the allegations. You are entitled to bring an Adviser, friend or
representative along with you. A Just Ask Adviser may be able to attend with
you, depending on availability. Students are usually asked some or all of the
following questions, as well as questions specific to the particular piece(s) of
work:
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•
•
•
•
•
•
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What do you understand by the term plagiarism?
Have you considered the Turnitin report? How would you explain the level
of plagiarism highlighted by the Turnitin report?
How did you prepare for this assignment?
How did you organise and gather your information?
How did you write the assignment? Did you think about referencing?
Do you understand what is required in terms of referencing your
assignment?
Have you been given information or training about plagiarism by your
School?
Do you have any extenuating circumstances that you would like the panel
to consider?
Is there anything else you would like to add?

Plagiarism panel hearings usually last about 30 minutes. Notes will be taken
of the meeting, and sent to you a few days afterwards. You will have the
opportunity to read through the notes and check that the meaning of what
you said in the meeting is conveyed correctly. Once you have agreed that the
notes are an accurate record of the meeting, you will be told the penalty (if
any) which is to be applied.

No penalty - dismiss the case entirely
Refer case to unit director to be dealt with as poor academic practice
No penalty other than recording the case on your file for future reference
Resubmit the work for the full range of marks
Resubmit the work with the mark capped at the minimum pass mark
Award lower marks for the work, or award no marks without the opportunity
to submit another piece of work

If the potential plagiarism is being dealt with at faculty level, then possible
penalties include those above, but with the additional possibility of award lower
marks, or award no marks, for the entire unit of which the work was a part.
The Plagiarism Review Panel will normally recommend the penalty (if any) to the
Faculty Board of Examiners. However, if they feel it appropriate, they may refer
the matter to be dealt with under the Student Disciplinary Procedures.

Exam cheating

If you are caught cheating in an exam, this is also covered by the Exam
Regulations and is dealt with in a similar way to plagiarism. Examples of exam
offences include:
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•
•

Bringing unauthorised texts into the exam room, or making use of
unauthorised texts or items during an examination
Copying from the examination script of another candidate
Dishonestly giving or receiving help from another person during an
examination
Acting dishonestly in any way either before, during, or after an examination
in order to gain an unfair advantage for yourself or to assist another
candidate.

Invigilator reports are forwarded to your Faculty, and
you will then be invited to a Plagiarism Review Panel
hearing to explain what happened. Exam offences
are usually dealt with at faculty level, so the full range
of penalties are available to the panel. You are
entitled to bring an Adviser, friend or representative along with you. A Just Ask
Adviser may be able to attend with you, depending on availability. The panel
will ask questions about the incident so as to work out what happened and what
penalty is appropriate.
If the panel consider that the exam offence was a case of gross dishonesty
involving a substantial and premeditated attempt to gain unfair advantage,
or in cases where the Panel and the student cannot agree an account of
the incident, the matter can be referred to be dealt with under the Student
Disciplinary Procedures. This would then involve an initial interview with the Pro
Vice Chancellor who would then decide whether itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s possible to deal with the
matter summarily (only if the student agrees to this), or whether a full Disciplinary
Committee needs to be convened.

RIGHT OF APPEAL
Plagiarism meetings can happen at school or faculty level, and their
recommendations are confirmed at meetings of the school or faculty Board of
Examiners. Once a penalty has been confirmed by the appropriate board of
examiners, you have the right to appeal the decision. One of the permissible
grounds for appeal is if you think that a penalty for cheating or plagiarism is
wrong or disproportionate. Appeals must be submitted within 15 working days of
being informed of the Exam Board decision. Please see our Guide to Academic
Appeals for more information about this process.

If you are worried about plagiarism or
exam cheating, or would like any further
advice or information on anything
covered in this guide, contact Just Ask.
bristolsu.org.uk/justask
bristolsu-justask@bristol.ac.uk
0117 331 8634