During the past several decades, the rate of participation in the labor force among married women with children has increased steadily. This trend coincides with an increase in the rate of reported psychological distress among women and an increase in researchers' interest in the psychological consequences of married mothers in the work force. Black women have historically and in significant numbers worked outside the home. The authors discuss the major concerns of employed Black mothers, identify areas where mental health professionals might intervene and identify coping strategies for Black women managing multiple roles.