this is a bleeding disorder when blood starts to coagulate throughout the whole body, which depletes the body of platlets and coagulation factors which will increase the risk of hemorage

what does the black widow spider look like

orange hourglass marking on her black abdomen

what does the venom of the black widow spider cause

excessive neurotransmitter release at the synaptic junctions

Symptoms of a black widow spider bite

pain and redness and swelling
muscle spasms of all large muscle groups, siezures, paralysis and decreased LOC

what are a couple of good treatments for a black widow spider bite

Diazepam 2.5-10mg IV
or
Calcium gluconate 0.1/kg of 10% IV solution

what kind of scorpion can kill you

the bark scorpion

Symptoms of a scorpions attack

acts on the nervous system producing a burnign and tingling effect without much evidence of injury initially
progresses to numbness, slurred speech,twitching,

treatments for scorpions attack

constricting band no tighter than a watchband,
Do not use analgesics

what are the two family of snakes found in the US

Pit vipers and
coral snakes

name some common pit vipers

cottonmouths
rattlesnakes
copperheads

describe a corral snake

it is a small snake
round eyes and narrow head and not pit
has yellow banded red and black rings around its body

what is the mnemonic used to determine lethal coral snakes

red touch yellow kill a fellow
red touch black venom lack

what does the bite of a pit viper do to you

venom contains hydrolytic enzymes that destroy proteins
this may affect the blood clotting system and produce necrosis

what can a severe pit viper bite result in

death from shock in 30 min
but most deaths occure within
48 hours 90% anyway

what is the snake bite treatment for a pit viper

keep patient supine
immobilize the limb
maintain the extremity in a neutral position
O2 and fluid

what will a coral snake bite result in

its neurotoxin primarily effects the neruo tissue which results in respiratory and skelital muscle paralysis

what is the treatment for a coral snake bite

wash the wound with copious amounts of water and apply a compression bandage and keep the extremity at the level of the heart
imobolize O2 and IV

describe the poisonous toxins of marine animals

they are ustable and heat sensitive, heat will relieve the pain and inactivate the venom.

what is a huge consideration with marine animal attacks in the water

both fresh water and salt water containg a huge bacterial and viral population beware of maring aquired infections

drug overdose refers to what

poisoning from a pharmacological substance in excess of that usually prescribed or that the body cna tolerate

Benzodiazepines are used to treat what common drugs that are abused

Cocaine
Amphetamines
hallucinogens

what do you do for a benzodiazepine over dose

Flumazenil

alcohol over dose may require what

Thiamine and D50W for hypoglycemia

Alcohol causes what

CNS depression and slurred speech

barbiturates cause what

lethargy
respiratory depression and slurred speech

Cocaine causes what

Euphoria
Dialated pupils
Chest pain

Narcotics such as heroin and codeine cause

CNS depression
Constricted pupils
hypotension
respiratory depressoin

marijuana causes what

Euphoria
dry mouth
Dilated pupils

Amphetamines cause what

Exhilaration
Dilated pupils
Hypertension

Hallucinogens like LSD and PCP cause what

Psychosis and Dilated pupils
and hallucinations

Sedatives like valium cause what

Altered mental status adn hypotension
brady
respiratory depression

benzodiazepines cause what

Altered mental status
slurrd speech
Dysrhthmias

what is the most common substance of abuse in the us

alcohol

how many poisonings occur annually

4 million

what is the most common route of entry for toxic exposure

inhalation

In cases of poisoning a patient history is hard to obtain because of what

deliberate deception
patient misinformation
drug induced confusion

describe the epidemiology of toxic emergencys

The frequency of toxicological emergencies continues to increase
70% of acccidental poisonings occur among children 6 or younger
serious poisonings in older children may represent intentianil poisoning
Adult poisonings and OD account for 95% of fatalities in this category

In a toxic emergency should you delay transport or support to call poison control

NO

What is the most common route for a toxic substance

ingestion

What are the 3 principles of decontamination

reduction of intake of toxin into the body
reduction of absorption of toxin already in the body
Increase in elimination of toxin from the body

In a toxicological emergency
the physical exam has what two purposes

documenting physical evidence of intoxication
detect any underlying illness or condition that might affect either patients symptoms or outcome of exposure

what are the typical signs an symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning

headache
nausea and vomiting
confusion ans altered mental status

an external pacing device may be needed for what kind of overdose

cardiac medication

Describe MAO inhibitors

treat depression
narrrow index
do not eat cheese and wine
s/s may appear late in od

Describe DTs

develope 2 or 3 days after the last drink
decreased loc with hallucinations
Do not occure with binge drinking