This site provides background information on clean air legislation and related efforts to enforce a reduction of pollutants in our atmosphere. It also serves as an introduction to a threaded discussion group on this subject that is being conducted by the American Meteorological Society.

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This site focuses on the history of environmental legislation in the United States that sought to reduce airborne pollutants from motor vehicles, utilities, factories and other industrial sources. It begins with the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955 and follows clean air initiatives, including major legislation of 1963, 1970 and 1990, to the present day. The site has useful biographies of the various acts' congressional sponsors and scientific advisors, as well as notes on those who opposed the legislation. In addition, there are photographs and satellite images of smog over major cities in the United States and worldwide, a timeline of environmental activism since the second World War, links to the EPA and other sites, and excerpts from Senator Edmund S. Muskie's Archives at Bates College. The authors of the site also wish to expand the historical record by recording the personal recollections of those involved with the debate over clean air, as well as any documents or photographs they might have.

The purpose of the GATE experiment was to understand the tropical atmosphere and its role in the global circulation of the atmosphere. It was the first major experiment of the Global Atmospheric Research program, whose goal was to understand the predictability of the atmosphere and extend the time range of daily weather forecasts to over two weeks.

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This site, produced by the American Meteorological Society, examines the early years of research by GARP, the Global Atmospheric Research Program. GARP's Atlantic Tropical Experiment, also known as GATE, was a preliminary attempt in the 1970s to understand how the atmospheric patterns of the tropics affect the entire world's weather. The site includes the original research proposals and reviews of the program from the 1970s and early 80s, as well as maps of the GATE experiment zone near the Cape Verde Islands to the west of Africa. Moreover, the site collects and presents the personal recollections of the scientists and engineers who worked on GATE, and includes links to research produced by the experiment and its ongoing importance in meteorological science.

From 1965 to 1972 there were over a dozen balloon-borne experiments (mostly from New Mexico), including the first such to take place from Australia (1966), one in which hard X-ray emission was discovered (albeit with crude angular resolution) from a region towards the galactic center whose centroid is located among subsequently identified sources GX1+4, GX3+1, and GX5-1. A balloon-borne experiment in 1968 was based on the multi-anode multi-layer xenon gas proportional chamber that had recently been developed in our lab and represented the first use of such a high performance instrument for X-ray astronomy.

What is a polymerase? A polymerase is a naturally occurring enzyme, a biological macromolecule that catalyzes the formation and repair of DNA (and RNA). The accurate replication of all living matter depends on this activity -- an activity scientists have learned to manipulate. In the 1980s, Kary Mullis at Cetus Corporation conceived of a way to start and stop a polymerase's action at specific points along a single strand of DNA.

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This site covers the history of a critical technology for modern genetic and biological research. Polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, is a method for manipulating, splicing and replicating, in vast amounts, sequences of DNA and RNA. The author of the site, a professor at UCLA, has written an overview essay on the history of PCR in which he points to a wide array of advances and scientists who contributed to its creation. Supporting this essay is a bibliography linked to many of the groundbreaking articles relating to PCR from the latter part of the twentieth century, as well as its first uses in genome mapping, evolutionary biology and medical treatments. The site also includes an interview with Arthur Kornberg, a key figure in the history of recombinant DNA and biotechnology, and it asks for additional recollections from those who have been a part of the development of PCR and its many applications.

Whether you are an academic, family historian, collector, teacher or parent - welcome! All the worthwhile information about old maps can be found here, or from here. The 100 'pages' of this carefully organised site offer comment and guidance, and many, many links - selected for relevance and quality

This website contains material useful to people studying the history of the CA/T highway, especially the Charles River crossing part of the project. During 1998, we operated an interactive website for the purpose of collecting original material from people who were involved in planning the crossing. Some comments and articles contributed by people involved in the crossing design process are available on-line. Other material at this website includes a chronology of planning the crossing, a chronological bibliography of important transportation documents with links to some of these, and images. Hardcopy material pertaining to the crossing is available in the vertical file collection at M.I.T.'s Rotch Library.

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This site presents a historical overview of the Massachusetts Highway Department's Central Artery/Tunnel Project for downtown Boston, known commonly as the "Big Dig." In particular, the site focuses on the northern part of the project linking Cambridge and Charlestown with Boston over the Charles River. Documents surrounding the planning, testing, legal wrangling and execution of the project are listed chronologically. The site also includes maps and other images relating to the project's development, and several recollections by transportation engineers, civil engineers and others who worked on the project and had to accommodate the conflicting interests of residents, builders and government planners.

Founded in December 1904 by George Ellery Hale as one of the original scientific enterprises of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Mt. Wilson Observatory is completing its first century as one of the world’s premier astronomical observatories. During the first half of the twentieth century Mt. Wilson was successively home to the world’s two largest telescopes as well as the most powerful facilities in existence for studying the sun

This is an unmoderated mailing group for individuals with a serious interest in the history of mathematics. It deals with all aspects of the history of mathematics, including the following:
* Announcements of meetings on the history of mathematics.
* Information on new books and interesting journal articles.
* Discussion of the teaching of the history of mathematics.
* Using history in the classroom.
* Questions that you would like the answer to.
* and, hopefully, answers to those questions.
* Discussion of questions unsettled in the literature.

The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts is the most eminent scientific and art institution in Serbia. It was founded by Law of November 1, 1886 as the Serbian Royal Academy. SRA was the successor to the Serbian Learned Society with which it merged in 1892 and accepted its members as its own either regular or honorary members, its tasks and its place in scientific and cultural life. The same occurred several decades earlier when the Serbian Learned Society took over the place and functions of the Society of Serbian Letters, the first learned society in the Serbian Principality.

The Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS) is an independent public body based on the principle of self-government.
It is constituted by the members of the Academy - ordinary and corresponding as well as external and honorary members - and by those active representatives of science who hold a scientific degree (Ph.D. or D.Sc.).
At present the number of the ordinary members is 214, while the number of the corresponding members is 86. Academicians are elected by ordinary and corresponding members. The number of public body-members at present - with academicians - is 7030. They - other than academicians - exercise their rights through representation, electing 200 non-academician representatives to the General Assembly, the main organ of the Academy, for three years.