Add "-xkbmodel pc105 -xkblayout de" to the startup arguments in the Xming shortcut

+

Add "-xkbmodel pc105 -xkblayout de" to the startup arguments in the [[Xming]] shortcut

+

=== in terminal ===

=== in terminal ===

With "loadkeys de" you can set to german keyboard for the current session.

With "loadkeys de" you can set to german keyboard for the current session.

Line 23:

Line 24:

== save disk space ==

== save disk space ==

-

If you use the NTFS online compression you can save many HDD memory, because the disk images contains many unused Bytes. [http://www.andlinux.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=198 Discuss in our Forum].

+

If you use NTFS online compression you can save much hard disk space, because the disk images contains many unused Bytes. [http://www.andlinux.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=198 Discuss in our Forum].

-

+

== create a normal user ==

== create a normal user ==

-

use '''useradd -m ''username''''' to create a new non-root user, with a homedir.

+

Use '''useradd -m ''username''''' to create a new non-root user, with a homedir.

+

+

== Make a normal user the default user ==

+

The default andLinux user is a root account without password. The following shows how to make a normal user the default account.

+

+

=== Add passwords (optional) ===

+

If desired, use the "passwd" command directly on each account to set a password. If logged in as root, any account password may be changed using:

+

> passwd <username>

-

== change root to a normal user ==

=== Install sudo (if required) ===

=== Install sudo (if required) ===

-

sudo isn't installed on some andLinux installs. If it isn't then

+

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudo sudo] isn't always installed with andLinux. To be sure it's available log in as root and type:

> apt-get install sudo

> apt-get install sudo

-

will install it.

-

=== change to default user ===

-

edit '''/usr/bin/X11/startwindowsterminalsession''' and replace 'root' with you used username. Add this user to '''/etc/sudoers'''.

-

=== Change Launcher Port ===

+

=== Change the default user ===

+

#Edit '''/usr/bin/X11/startwindowsterminalsession''' and replace 'root' with your new username.

+

#Add this user to '''/etc/sudoers''', for example, supposing a username of "newuser" by typing "sudo visudo" in the terminal

+

# User privilege specification

+

root ALL=(ALL) ALL

+

'''newuser ALL=(ALL) ALL'''

+

+

====For the version 0.7.4 (Beta2 Final)====

+

+

* We can change the default user at "/etc/andlinux/xsession_cmd" file:

+

sux - <current_default_user> /usr/local/sbin/launcher.pl

+

by replacing <current_default_user> with whatever name we wish to use.

+

* For the sudoers case, as long as we add user to admin group, we can bypass modifying the "/etc/sudoers" file.

+

(For this version of andLinux, I've found cobuntu as a default user and all my xfce or kde programs are launched under the cobuntu name until I've change it to my username at the xsession_cmd file.)

+

+

=== Change Launcher Port ===

+

To change the launcher port, both the windows registry and launcher.pl within the andLinux root filesystem need editing. Here's how:

==== windows ====

==== windows ====

-

Non-root-users can't use ports <1024. The Launcher must use a port greater than 1024, e.g. 8081

+

Non-root-users can't use ports <1024. As we'll now be defaulting to a non-root user the launcher must use a port greater than 1024, e.g. 8081. To edit the windows registry to suit the new port number, first create a text file with the following content:

-

You can use this .reg file to change the Launchers:

+

-

'''andLinux Launcher.reg'''

+

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

-

<pre>

+

-

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

+

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\andLinux\Launcher]

+

"IP"="192.168.11.150"

+

"Port"=dword:'''00001f91'''

-

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\andLinux\Launcher]

+

then rename it to "Launcher.reg". Run this file to edit the registry. The Port number (shown in bold) is coded in HEX, and means 8081. If other values are required, windows calculator can be used in scientific mode to convert between hex and decimal.

-

"IP"="192.168.11.150"

+

-

"Port"=dword:00001f91

+

-

</pre>

+

-

The Port is coded in HEX. It means 8081.

+

Look also at [http://www.andlinux.org/faq.php FAQ - Changing the Launcher Port]

Normally the windows disk in is mounted as root, so a non root user is not allowed to write to the windows disk in /mnt/win.

Normally the windows disk in is mounted as root, so a non root user is not allowed to write to the windows disk in /mnt/win.

-

The mount options for cofuse are not documented very well, flowing line change the owner of /mnt/win to a non root user.

+

====Change cofuse permissions====

+

The mount options for cofuse are not documented very well. Here's how to edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> to make a non-root user the owner of /mnt/win.

'''/etc/fstab:'''

'''/etc/fstab:'''

-

<pre>

+

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.

-

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.

+

#

-

#

+

# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>

-

# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>

+

proc /proc proc defaults 0 0

-

proc /proc proc defaults 0 0

+

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

-

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

+

none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

-

none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

+

/dev/cobd0 / ext3 defaults 1 1

-

/dev/cobd0 / ext3 defaults 1 1

+

31 /mnt/and cofs defaults 0 0

-

31 /mnt/and cofs defaults 0 0

+

/dev/cobd1 none swap sw 0 0

-

/dev/cobd1 none swap sw 0 0

+

<s>/dev/cofs0 /mnt/win cofs defaults 0 0</s>

-

/dev/cofs0 /mnt/win cofs defaults,uid=1001,gid=100 0 0

+

<b>/dev/cofs0 /mnt/win cofs defaults,uid=1001,gid=100 0 0</b>

-

</pre>

+

-

the parameter uid in the last line is the important one. Put here the UID of the User you have created. As default it should be the 1001 for the first user.

+

The uid parameter in the last line is the important one and should be set to match the ID of the user needing write access to /mnt/win. By default the first user's id will be 1001, but to check use the "id" command:

+

> id <username>

+

for example, for a username of "newuser":

+

newuser@andLinux:~$ '''id newuser'''

+

'''uid=1001(newuser)''' gid=1001(newuser) groups=1001(newuser)

+

newuser@andLinux:~$

The mode option is not supported by the cofuse, so it is not possible to change the file permissions in general.

The mode option is not supported by the cofuse, so it is not possible to change the file permissions in general.

+

+

====Alternative approach====

+

In the event of difficulty changing permissions, and provided sudo has been set up, it's possible to simply prefix all commands which write to /mnt/win with "sudo" in order to use root privilege. In this way the default cofuse setup will still be sufficient, but normal operations can be performed with normal user privilege.

+

+

=== Change default shell ===

+

You may find that the default shell for the new user (/bin/sh) isn't the one you want. To change the shell, use the "chsh" program. Available shells are shown in <code>/etc/shells</code>. Bash is a popular choice, for example:

+

sh-3.2$ '''chsh'''

+

Password:

+

Changing the login shell for newuser

+

Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default

+

Login Shell [/bin/sh]: '''/bin/bash'''

+

sh-3.2$

+

Following this, the next terminal started will use bash:

+

newuser@andLinux:~$

== Alternative way of starting Linux programs ==

== Alternative way of starting Linux programs ==

-

XFCE panel and andLinux Launcher are nice, but I want as less special objects on my Windows desktop as possible. I just need a terminal emulator, as I can start all programs from the shell. The '''andCmd.exe''' binary comes in handy here. I have created two Windows batch files (for a root and a normal user shell):

+

XFCE panel and andLinux Launcher are nice, but I want the least possible number of special objects on my Windows desktop. I just need a terminal emulator, as I can start all programs from the shell. The '''andCmd.exe''' binary comes in handy here. I have created two Windows batch files (for a root and a normal user shell):

For the version 0.7.4 (Beta2 Final)

by replacing <current_default_user> with whatever name we wish to use.

For the sudoers case, as long as we add user to admin group, we can bypass modifying the "/etc/sudoers" file.

(For this version of andLinux, I've found cobuntu as a default user and all my xfce or kde programs are launched under the cobuntu name until I've change it to my username at the xsession_cmd file.)

Change Launcher Port

To change the launcher port, both the windows registry and launcher.pl within the andLinux root filesystem need editing. Here's how:

windows

Non-root-users can't use ports <1024. As we'll now be defaulting to a non-root user the launcher must use a port greater than 1024, e.g. 8081. To edit the windows registry to suit the new port number, first create a text file with the following content:

then rename it to "Launcher.reg". Run this file to edit the registry. The Port number (shown in bold) is coded in HEX, and means 8081. If other values are required, windows calculator can be used in scientific mode to convert between hex and decimal.

The uid parameter in the last line is the important one and should be set to match the ID of the user needing write access to /mnt/win. By default the first user's id will be 1001, but to check use the "id" command:

The mode option is not supported by the cofuse, so it is not possible to change the file permissions in general.

Alternative approach

In the event of difficulty changing permissions, and provided sudo has been set up, it's possible to simply prefix all commands which write to /mnt/win with "sudo" in order to use root privilege. In this way the default cofuse setup will still be sufficient, but normal operations can be performed with normal user privilege.

Change default shell

You may find that the default shell for the new user (/bin/sh) isn't the one you want. To change the shell, use the "chsh" program. Available shells are shown in /etc/shells. Bash is a popular choice, for example:

Alternative way of starting Linux programs

XFCE panel and andLinux Launcher are nice, but I want the least possible number of special objects on my Windows desktop. I just need a terminal emulator, as I can start all programs from the shell. The andCmd.exe binary comes in handy here. I have created two Windows batch files (for a root and a normal user shell):

C:\Programme\andLinux\Launcher\andCmd.exe xterm -bg orange

C:\Programme\andLinux\Launcher\andCmd.exe sudo su - ah -c xterm

Of course the chosen terminal emulator (as well as the background color of the root shell ;-) ) is a matter of taste.