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Ten Amazing facts about Mangalyan

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#1. Cheapest Mars Mission Ever. #2. Developed and deployed in just 15 months.#3. Cheapest, yes. Useless? No. For travelling to Mars, a rocket, when launched, must not point to the position of Mars as it was during the launch, but the craft should point to the position where Mars will be around the time the spacecraft reaches near the planet!#3. Launch a satellite = Gully Cricket; Moon mission = Ranji Cricket; Mars mission? International cricket. Second, while determining the position of Mars at a given time is not a huge problem, however, taking into account every factor that contributes to determination of the arrival time of the craft near the planet is definitely a problem. The most significant challenge for scientists is to consider fuel costs, and optimise the mission cost by launching the mission during a time when Earth & Mars are relatively close.Every 26 months, a phenomenon called Hohmann Transfer Orbit occurs when the distances between the two planets are relatively shorter, and the opportunity for a cheaper mission is for the taking. Mangalyaan indeed took the benefit of this transfer orbit that occurred in November 2013. The next similar transfer orbits will occur in 2016 and 2018, and ISRO has planned another Mars mission during the 2017-2020 window.Mangalyaan taking off in November 2013.#6. No country has ever had a successful Mars mission at the first attempt. Only 3 countries have sent successful Martian missions. India is the 4th. USA sent its first Mars mission in 1960, and then several others, all of which failed. In 1964, NASA’s Mariner’s 4 was the first successful man-made mission to Mars. The mission was just to perform a flyby. In contrast, in 1964, Independent India was only 17 years old, struggling to maintain its economy, and a year later in ’65, India would fight a war with Pakistan.In all, a total number of 51 Martian missions have been tried, and only 21 of them have been successful. This does not include India’s mission.#7. MOM to determine levels of water & methane in Martian atmosphere – both key elements for sustenance of life.The MOM is travelling with 5 indigenous instruments that include a photometer, a methane sensor, an instrument to analyse the Martian exosphere, a thermal infrared spectrometer and a colour camera. These instruments will enable MOM to fulfil its secondary objective that is to understand Mars’ surface features, morphology, mineralogy as well as Martian atmosphere. ISRO scientists are hoping to determine the quantities of water in Martian atmosphere that will help scientists around the world understand the history of Mars and how much water has been lost to Martian atmosphere in the past. The mission will also be to determine quantities of methane in the atmosphere, another key element for life.A close-up picture of the Martian surface taken by Curiosity Rover shows evidence of a stream of sorts that must be active in the past. Pebbles, which are seen around water bodies in Earth, can also be seen.#8. It takes 14 minutes for a signal to reach Mars!#9. NASA’s incredible support to the mission. #10. The Mars mission is helping Indian kids, our future, become more interested in Space Science.