15
Indirect Thermal Desorption Indirect Thermal Desorption applies heat to the contaminated soil while isolating the flame from the material. The contaminant vapor is isolated, so it can be recovered, condensed, and recycled, eliminating long- term liability. SLIDE NO. 15

16
P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 16 The cuttings are heated up indirectly in a large diameter, rotating dryer, with the contaminants being vaporized, as the cuttings move forward through the dryer to discharge. Indirect Thermal Desorption

17
P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 17 The vapors are pulled from the dryer and filtered, to remove the dust particulate. Vapors are then condensed to a liquid phase and are processed through an oil/water separation system. Indirect Thermal Desorption

18
P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 18 Recovered water is used to rehydrate the cleaned cuttings while the recovered oil is used in new mud or fuel in the burners. Indirect Thermal Desorption

25
P E T R O S A F E Biological Treatment of the OBM (Bioremediation) The concept of the bioremediation is similar to that of the indirect thermal treatment. However, the function of the bioremediation depends on exposing the OBM to the action of specific Bacteria digest the oil content in the mud converting it to simpler constitutes which are safe to the environment. SLIDE NO. 25

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SLIDE NO. 26 P E T R O S A F E

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SLIDE NO. 27 Environmental Monitoring & Measurements Environmental Monitoring Environmental Monitoring is the measurements of air pollutant and waste water effluents, where it defined as the main indicator of the environmental management system and considered as the main help meter to the management review concerning the environment.

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P E T R O S A F E Benefits of Environmental Monitoring Playing main indicator to Environmental Quality. Conserving the energy and fuel consumption Helping the facility to be comply with the environmental laws. SLIDE NO. 32

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SLIDE NO. 33 P E T R O S A F E

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SLIDE NO. 34 NORM Measurements NORM; or Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials is found almost everywhere. It is found in the air, in the soil, and even in radioactive potassium in our own bodies. It is found in public water supplies and foods.

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P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 36 NORM Measurements Uranium and Thorium are highly insoluble and therefore are not removed from the formation during the production process. However, Radium is relatively soluble element and material associated with produced water.

40
P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 40 NORM Hazards Alpha particle emissions are considered to be an internal hazard, meaning the travel distance and penetrating ability of the emitted particles are both very low, however, the alpha particles ability to cause significant damage to cells in soft tissue such as the lungs or stomach lining, are far greater than the hazard from gamma radiation.

41
P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 41 NORM Hazards Radium is considered a bone-seeking element, meaning the element Radium often migrates to the major blood producing organs such as the bone marrow. This has resulted in a direct link between chronic Radium exposure and bone cancer, leukemia, and other disorders.

42
P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 42 Benefits of NORM Measurements Comply with the Egyptian and International regulations like, the Egyptian law No 4 of the year 1994 concerning protection of the environment, and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP).

43
P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 43 Benefits of NORM Measurements Determine the areas that exceeded the radiation permissible limits, and give the recommendations for avoiding their hazard, and how to decontaminate them in a safe way.

44
P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 44 Benefits of NORM Measurements Determine the areas that may exceed the radiation permissible limits in the future, and give the recommendations for keeping them within the safe limits. Increase the efficiency of the workers by increasing the awareness, and assuring safe work environment.

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P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 46 Benefits of NORM Measurements Be able to detect the radiation level trend with time by making periodical (NORM) measurements.

47
P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 47 Benefits of NORM Measurements Protect the surrounding environment by making periodical (NORM) survey on the surrounding environment to avoid sudden increase in radiation levels which may affect the biological diversity and may lead to environmental catastrophes.

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P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 48 Benefits of NORM Measurements (NORM) measurements leading to a good reputation for the company (the site owner), then a competitive advantage in the market will be developed.

49
SLIDE NO. 49 P E T R O S A F E

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NORM Decontamination Some oil reservoirs may contain alpha particles in the formations layers. These particles, although existing in low levels, they accumulate by time on the internal surfaces of the drilling equipments, pipelines and storage tanks in the form of scales. SLIDE NO. 50

51
P E T R O S A F E NORM Decontamination These NORM contaminated- equipments become a headache for the companies, particularly in the maintenance periods. So, they obliged to convert them to scrap metal as they value becomes zero. SLIDE NO. 51

52
P E T R O S A F E NORM Decontamination Level NORM in the accumulated places cannot be guessed which resemble another problem. However, these NORM contaminated equipments may be de-contaminated and safely reused or even sell in a scrap metal form. SLIDE NO. 52

53
P E T R O S A F E The process of NORM decontamination takes the following stages: Disassembly of the NORM contaminated- equipments and subjecting them to a strong water stream to remove the accumulated radiating scales. Resulting from this stage completely clean and safe equipments. SLIDE NO. 53 NORM Decontamination

54
P E T R O S A F E The resulting water from the cleaning process which contains the radiating waste pass through a series of filters of pores sizes less that those pf alpha particles. These filters trap the particles and the water passed from the other side clean and can be reused in the cleaning process. SLIDE NO. 54 NORM Decontamination

55
P E T R O S A F E The problem now is restricted in the filter which contain the radiation waste, this filter is being disposed of by the Egyptian Atomic Energy Agency. SLIDE NO. 55 NORM Decontamination

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P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 56 Direct economic benefits: Reuse of the NORM decontaminated equipments. Utilization of the old stored equipments by selling them in the form of scrap metal. Benefits of NORM Decontamination

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P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 57 Increase the awareness and assure the safety of the work environment. Saving money, by saving the expense of medical insurance for workers from the hazards of radiation. Benefits of NORM Decontamination

58
P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 58 Protecting the soil and underground water from contamination by the accumulated equipments which suffer from NORM. Benefits of NORM Decontamination

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SLIDE NO. 59 P E T R O S A F E

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SLIDE NO. 60 Environmental Register Environmental Register The Environmental Register is the document that an establishment must keep to record the impact of its activities on the environment. In this register, the name of the establishment, its activities, the harmful emissions arising from the establishment must be recorded. Also, the monitoring plan for these emissions which control the periodic measurements for these emissions, sampling and analyses rates and tests results must be included in the register. The environmental register is a mandatory requirement by law No. 4 for the year of 1994, for all industrial enterprise and projects including oil and gas sector projects.

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P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 68 Benefits of EMS Legislative and regulatory advantages: Improved public relations. Assist in the identification of operational cost saving. Can lead to improvement in health and safety at the site.

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P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 70 Benefits of EMS Competitive benefit: Company that denoted comprehensive EMS may be complied to the international standards (ISO 14001) which give it competitive border in the market.

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SLIDE NO. 71 P E T R O S A F E

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SLIDE NO. 72 Waste Management Waste Waste is something that somebody no longer wants or needs and hence wishes to discard. Since there is no away, this means putting that waste someplace out of sight and out of mind, where it will not interfere with the daily living that produces still more waste.

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P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 75 Types of Waste Waste has a lot of types according to how it is classified. Waste can be classified into categories regarding the following aspects: Phase Phase: waste may be gas, liquid & solid. Degree of hazard Degree of hazard: waste is either hazardous or non-hazardous.

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P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 78 Reducemeans reduction at source. It can be achieved by either generating less waste through more efficient practices or by replacing hazardous materials with benign or less harmful materials thus improving the quality of waste. Waste Management Hierarchy

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P E T R O S A F E SLIDE NO. 79 Reusemeans re-using materials in their original forms; such as chemical containers which may be used for water. Waste Management Hierarchy