Animals and plants of Xiaogan can be divided into domestic livestock and poultry and wild animal, including pig, cow, sheep, chicken, duck, goose, rabbit, bee and pet bird; there are more than 40 kinds of wild animals in the area, of which there are Class II state-protected animals including giant salamander, eagle, owl, mallard, egret (winter bird) and provincial l protected animals including rana nigromaculata, rana limnocharis, zaocys dhumnade, coral snake, ring-necked pheasant, common cuckoo, myna, thrush, hog-nosed badger, paguma larvata and red fox and so on.

There are 772 kinds of plants which belong to 288 genera and 103 families. There are 2 kinds of Class I national protected species including maidenhair tree and emmenopetries henryi oliv and 6 kinds of second national protected species, including castor aralia, phoebe bournei, euommia umoides, linden, zelkova as well as 31 kinds of provincial rare and endangered tree species including cephalotaxus fortunei and magnolia officinalis.

Being in a subtropical monsoon climate, the annual average temperature of Xiaogan is 15.5-16.5℃ with the average temperature being 2℃~34℃ in winter (January) and temperature being 28℃~29℃in summer (July). Average daily temperature of Xiaogan is higher than 10℃. The extremely low temperature, -15℃, appeared in Yingcheng on January 31, 1969 and the extremely high temperature, 43.1℃, appeared in Dawu on August 23, 1959. The annual frost-free period is 225-257 days, which increased with the latitude. The fist frost of south is in the mid-to-late November and that of the north is in the last ten-day of March. The annual sunshine duration is 2020 hours to 2190 hours. The annual rainfall capacity is 1040 millimeters to 1230 millimeters, with 70% rainfall in April to September.