13
C. Silurian (443-417 mya) - inverts - plants - verts - Jawed Fishes (Gnathostomes) the oldest jawed fish fossils are Acanthodians... however, they are a group of bony fishes and it is likely that they were preceded by the cartilaginous Placoderms (which radiate in the Devonian)

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E. Carboniferous (359-300 mya) - inverts - plants The early Carboniferous saw a reduction in the Devonian forests and a dominance of small plants - lycopods and their kin. As the period proceeds, the giant lycopsid swamp forests evolve across the tropical continent of Euramerica. There was lots of photosynthesis, but this was not balanced by decomposition (because much of the biomass was preserved in sediment, not broken down by decay). So, oxygen production by photosynthesis exceeded oxygen consumption by decomposition... and oxygen levels were probably very high...this may have allowed the enormous size of invertebrates.

49
Temnospondyls a very diverse radiation of tetrapods, from alligator-like salamanders to large, scaled, frog-like creatures. Cowens places these ancestral to Amphibia only, but recent analyses put them as a sister clade to all crown tetrapods.

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Seymouriamorpha Radiate in Permian but earliest fossils from the Carboniferous... larvae have external gills, which pulls them out of the amniota...