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Pompeii test 2

This is for Tulane...you probably won't find it very useful

High priest of the College of Pontiffs in Rome. Until 254 AD. Had status as the most important religious figure. The Pope.

Flamines

A priest assigned to one of fifteen deities with official cults.

(Flamen Dialis

High Priest of Jupiter

Flamen Martialis

High Priest of Mars

Flamen Quirinalis

High Priest of Quirinus

rex sacrorum

The Flamines priest chosen by the pontifex maximus to be the leader of the all.

Vestal Virgins

Chast priestesses of Vesta, goddess of the hearth

Augurs

A basic priest

haruspex (pl. haruspices)

A man trained to practice haruspicy – a study of entrails of sacrificed animals

Venus

God of beauty/sex

Apollo

God of light/sun

Hercules

Demi-god known for his great strength

Bacchus

God of wine, and ecstasy

Capitoline Triad

Three dieties (Jupiter, Juno, Minerva) worshipped at Capitoline Hill

(Jupiter

King of the god/ god of lighting and thunder

Juno

Goddess of love, marriage, and fertility

Minerva

Goddess of medicine, commerce, magic, wisdom, and other dumb shit

Augustus/Augusta

First Emperor of the Roman Empire. Took rule in 27 BC. Declared a god after his death

divus / diva

A vote for the deceased by the senate to turn him into a god

apotheosis

The glorification of a subject to a divine level. Like Augustus did.

Heroon

A shrine dedicated to a ancient Greek or Roman hero and used for cult worship.

Augustales

Those who declared full respect and admiration to the Empire.

Lares Compitales

Guardian spirits of the cross-roads. In 7 BC, Augustus had alters built for them in all 265 streets of Rome.

Augustaeum

A temple or building dedicated to Emperor Augustus

Augustalium

A specific building found in Pompeii dedicated to Augustus.

Funeral of Julius Caesar

July 44 BC

Temple of Divus Julius built

29 BC

First cults of Augustus & Dea Roma established in Bithynia-Pontus

29 BC

Cult of Lares Augusti established at Rome

7 BC

Cult of the numen Augusti established at Rome

AD 6 - It just kinda did

Death and deification of Augustus

AD 14

First temple of Divus Augustus

AD 15 at Tarraco in Spain

vicus (city ward)

A small neighborhood in Rome. 265 existed. Each had an elected leader and a bit of power but not much. Also applied to small, unofficial towns which sprung up (mostly military camps).

vicani (residents of a ward)

Someone who lived in a viscus.

compitum (-a)

Crossroads. The section where two important Roman roads cross.

Lares Compitales

Dieties of Roman religion. Kind of like Saints. Cult statues of women who were held inside at important places…like compitums and people’s homes.

Vicomagistri

Each Viscus elected four local magistrate who ran the police and be involved in celebrations.

Forenses/Campaniense/salinienses/Urbulanenses…These are names of different groups within Pompeii. They all had different voting methods, showing that different viscus’ had different cultures and methods.

Crossroads. The section where two important Roman roads cross.

Cistern

Ancient tool used to collect rainwater. Basically a large box structure that caught it. Used in areas where water was sparse.

opus signinum

A building material made of broken tile, mixed with mortar/lime and then beaten down into a solid material. Even pottery has been found in the construction.

Compluvium

A hole in the roof of a big Roman building to let light/air in. Sloped downward to push rain away.

Impluvium

A floor gutter system to wash away the rain that got through the compluvium.

Aqueduct

A pipe or otherwise system to transfer water long distances to where it is needed.

specus (water channel in the aqueduct)

the type of stone tunnel used to carry water in Roman

castellum aquae (water distribution tank)

A holding spot in the aqueduct for water to collect before being released.

Standpipe

A pushy pipe to pull water from an aqueduct. Kind of like an old school drinking fountain.

balneum (-a)

A smaller scale bathing house that existed all throughout Rome.

therma (-ae)

Large, imperial bath houses. The cool ones we should know.

apodyterium (dressing room),

A giant changing room. Many different areas were available from here and there were places to sit.

palaestra (exercise grounds)

Games, weights, and discus

piscina/natatio (swimming pool),

Swimming pool

sudatorium (dry sauna),

Swimming pool

caldarium (hot room)

hot bath

tepidarium (warm room)

warm bath

frigidarium (cold room)

cold bath

hypocaust

A heating system in which a furnace made heat and traveled through thin walls with holes in them so as to heat the bath house.

tubulus (-i)

The type of walls used in the hypocaust

tegula mammata

A type of angled roof that allowed hot and cold air to more easily travel in the bathhouse.

Forum Baths

Called Forum bath because it was in the forums. Built in 80BC. Slaves and free men both used but the all had to pay for it.

Stabian Baths;

Built in 5th century BC, before the Romans showed up. At the junction of Pompeiis two biggest streets. Largest of the three baths. Badly damaged in 62 AD

Central Baths

; Intersection of Via Stabiana and Via di Nola. Built after 62 AD as part of a massive Urban renewal. State of the art

Suburban Baths

Public bath house built in 1st century BC. Notable for explicit sex art above lockers. Idea is that people remembered the sex scene to identify their lockers later. Also shows that erotic art not a big deal in Pompeii

Amphitheater Architecture

Cavea

Two things, where the animals were kept before entering the arena, and also the seating system where people sat based on their place in a social higherarchy.

Arena

Place where people fought and shit.

Podium

The seat of honor in an arena. Usually reserved for the emperor.

Hypogeum

Underground temple of tomb. Usually reserved for bishops-saints.

Velarium

A type of curtain awning hanging above the arena which protected spectators from harsh elements.

munera (gladiatorial events)

A work of obligation or duty. The most famous was gladiator contests which was a service or gift to the dead.

venationes (staged hunts)

Rome would bring in wild animals for dudes to fight. Lions were most popular. Used to showcase the great power of Rome because they could get wild animals from other countries and continents.

naumachiae (staged naval battles)

A sorta fake battle where slaves and POW would recreate naval battles,

ludi (gladiatorial schools)

Schools/ barracks or prisons for those waiting to fight. Over 100 schools throughout the empire.

lanista

(owner of a gladiatorial company)

Samnite

heavily armed man with helmet, large shield, short sword and high greave on left leg

Secutor

similar to the Samnite and seems to have replaced it by the imperial period

9-day fesival held in Feb (15-21) honoring family ancestors; official holiday though celebrated domestically with family; involves prayers, special offerings; no official business done during period

Lemuria

a feast in the Ancient Rome during which the Romans performed rites to exorcise the malevolent and fearful ghosts of the dead from their homes; may 9, 11, 13; instituted by Romulus (myth); made May unlucky month for marriage

Hospitium

concept of hospitality as a divine right of the guest and a divine duty of the host

Caupona

places intended for the consumption of food; many found in Pompeii on busy streets;

Stabulum

place where travelers could find shelter for themselves and their horses (sort of an ancient Roman motel? IDK);

Tabernae (thermopolium)

A single room shop covered by a barrell vault within great indoor markets of ancient Rome; each taberna had a window above it to let light into a wooden attic for storage and had a wide doorway; a “retail unit" within the Roman Empire where many economic

Popina

Ancient Roman wine bar where a limited menu of simple foods (olives, bread, stews) and selection of wines of varying quality were available; a place for plebians of the lower classes of Roman society (slaves, freedmen, foreigners) to socialise and in Roma

Dolium (pl. Dolia)

is a large earthenware vase or container used in ancient Rome for storage or transportation of goods; made of clay; lined with pitch or wax

Triclinium

formal dining room on Roman dwelling; included reclining couches where guests sat and were often served by slaves; common in wealthy homes

Lupanar

most famous brothel in Pompeii; known for its erotic wall paintings; “lupanar” simply means brothel (Lupanar of Pompeii is famous one); approximately two blocks east of the forum at the intersection of Vico del Lupanare and Vico del Balcone Pensile.

Cella Meretricia

room for a prostitute? All I could find.Fabula palliata

Fabula togata

type of Roman comedy to do with dressing like the Greeks; literally means “toga-clad-stories”

Fabula praetexta

genre of Roman tragedy; dealt with the themes of historical Roman figures

Ludi scaenici

theater of ancient Rome; ranging from festival performances of street theater, nude dancing, and acrobatics, to the staging of comedies, to the high-style, verbally elaborate tragedies of Seneca.

Theater (scanea, cavea, valva regia)

“scanea” refers to scenary in theater, often a large, decorated wall behind the stage; “cavea” refers to where spectators sat in theater based on social class; “valva regia” was cenral door located in scanea wall

Atellana

kind of comedy in Roman theater, sometimes involving improv and use of masks; included “stock characters” of the Clown, the Simpleton, the Old Fool, the Hunchback, and the Glutton

Mimus

musical-comedy genre or theater; different in that it was performed without masks, which allowed women to earn a living as professional entertainers

Odeum

small building in ancient Rome used for performances of music or poetry

Ludi (Romani, Megalenses, Apollinares, Plebeii, Ceriales)

“Ludi” were public games held for the benefit and entertainment of the Roman people; held in conjunction with Roman religious festivals;

Romani

September 4–19 in 44 BC, September 12–15 in the 4th century AD, established according to some legends in the 6th century BC in honor of Jupiter, and at first held occasionally, not annually.

Megalenses

April 4–10, established 204 BC in honor of the Magna Mater in conjunction with the Megalenesia

Apollinares

July 6–13, first celebrated in 211 BC in honor of Apollo to secure his aid against Hannibal, and made annual in 208 BC by decree.

Plebeii

originally November 13, on the Ides of Jupiter, and expanded to run November 4–17; established 216 BC and held in the Circus,

Ceriales

April 12–19, established 202 BC in conjunction with the Cerealia April 12

Theatrum Maius

I think this means “large theater”

Theatrum Tectum

and I think this means “small theater”

Plautus

Roman playwright in the Old Latin period; his comedies are the earliest surviving intact works in Latin literature; he wrote Palliata comoedia, the genre devised by the innovator of Latin literature, Livius Andronicus

Terence

playwirght of the Roman republic; N. African descent; slave freed by his master, a senator; wrote comedies; famous quote “I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me." Vestibulum

Fauces

an architectural term given for a narrow passages on either side of the tablinum, through which access could be obtained from the atrium to the peristylar court in the rear.

Atrium

the open central court from which the enclosed rooms led off

Testudinatum

this atrium had no opening in the roof at all and was only seen in small, unimportant houses

Tetrastyle

this type had one column at each corner of the impluvium

Tuscanic

this type had no columns. The weight of the ceiling was carried by the rafters. though expensive to build, this seems to have been the most widespread type of atrium in the Roman house.

Corinthian

this type was similar to the atrium tetrastylum but had a greater opening in the roof and a greater number of columns.

Displuviate

the roof actually sloped towards the side walls, a large rainwater therefore ran off into other outlets than the impluvium.

Impluvium

shallow pool sunk into the floor to catch the rainwater; the opening in the ceiling above the pool called for some means of support for the roof

Compluvium

central opening in the roof of the atrium that let in light and air

Tablinum

was the large reception room of the house; situated between the atrium and the peristylium; generally had no wall separating it from the atrium at all and little if any walls dividing it from the peristylium. It was only separated from the atrium by a cur

Ala (pl. Alae)

the open rooms on each side of the atrium; originally built to let in light, but with advent of the compluvium, these became obsolete; incorporated into houses based on tradition rather than function

Triclinium

the Roman dining room; with the introduction of the Greek practice of reclining when eating, the triclinium was set aside as a room especially for dining in; in many houses once would find several triclinia, rooms designated as dining areas, allowing the

Cubiculum

the bedroom of the Roman house; o the Romans these rooms were apparently of less importance than the other rooms of the house; the ceilings were vaulted and lower above the bed, often making the room appear a cramped and stuffy place

Hortus

small garden often near the back of the atrium

Peristyle

the garden of the house; it was incorporated into the house itself and was usually surrounded by columns supporting the roof; n it were grown herbs and flowers, particularly roses, violets and lilies it appears; small statues and statuettes and other orna

Taberna (pl. Tabernae)

a room in the Roman house which surrounded the atrium, but which had its own entrance from the outside and didn't lead into the interior of the house; these little rooms hence could be used as shops; usually there was a brick counter to display goods by t

Materfamilias

appears to be same as above, but with a woman

Imagines Maiorum

portraits of ones ancestors displayed in the home; meant to ensure family is remembered

Lectus Adversus

a symbol of the sanctity of marriage (the bride was splaced upon it by the groom as part of the marriage ceremony); served only symbolic use.

Symposium (Greek)

a drinking party; a forum for men of good family to debate, plot, boast, or simply to revel with others. They were frequently held to celebrate the introduction of young men into aristocratic society. Symposia were also held by aristocrats to celebrate ot

Convivium

according to wiki, the “equivilent to symposium” in Roman society

Artifact Assemblage

an archaeological term meaning a group of different artifacts found in association with one another; an assemblage is a "group of artifacts recurring together at a particular time and place, and representing the sum of human activities."