4
Neurotoxins Seven different types: A through G – Different types affect different species – All cause flaccid paralysis – Only a few nanograms can cause illness – Binds neuromuscular junctions Toxin: Destroyed by boiling Spores: Higher temperatures to be inactivated

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Infant Botulism Most common form in U.S. Spore ingestion – Germinate then toxin released and colonize large intestine Infants < 1 year old – 94% < 6 months old Spores from varied sources – Honey, food, dust, corn syrup

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Cattle and Sheep: Treatment Symptomatic and supportive Nutritional Ventilatory support, if needed Metronidazole Antitoxin, in early stages – Ineffective by the time clinical signs are present – Can block further uptake of toxin