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The contemporary world has undergone profound changes. The most striking are directly or indirectly linked to the technological advances that not only characterize as they end up defining the world today.
Progress in the area of ​​biotechnology is particularly striking. Take as an example the technology that allows bioimpression of functional human tissues. More than a promise, such technology is already available, and with the potential to produce a real revolution in human health.
As one of the most important human manifestations, sport is also strongly influenced by advances in technology. The case of South African athlete Oscar Pistorius represents an important example of how biotechnology can definitively change the direction of sport. Pistorius became an example by overcoming the bilateral amputation of his legs, suffered as a child, and becoming a notable prodigy of athletics. Due to its good sports performance, made possible by the use of high-tech carbon fiber prosthesis, the athlete pleaded for his participation in official competitions, a request denied by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). The IAAF alleged that the prostheses used by Pistorius enhanced their performance, a condition that would put them at an advantage over other competitors. Biomechanical parameters, obtained in laboratory tests, evidenced an increase in propulsive energy production due to the use of prostheses (Brüggermannet al., 2008), supporting the hypothesis of interference in yield. On appeal, the decision was subsequently reviewed by the Arbitral Tribunal of Sport. In 2012, at the London Olympics, Pistorius entered the sport's history by becoming the first Paralympic athlete to attend the Olympic Games. In 2012, advances in biotechnology have altered the history of sport.
Cases such as that of Pistorius have created new dilemmas for the sport. After all, how to define the limit of the insertion of biotechnology in sports competitions? How to ensure that biotechnology does not unfairly affect the maintenance of the necessary level playing field among athletes? Important questions, whose answers are not trivial.
Technological advances are not restricted to high-performance athletes. The suits used in swimming are a good example of this condition. The Sydney Olympics (2000) marked the heyday of technological outfits, whose use was motivated by a supposed ability to increase yield, by reducing the forces of resistance applied in the liquid medium (drag). At that time, 83% of the medals were won by swimmers who wore some kind of technological suit. The reduction of the drag force due to the use of the technological costumes and the consequent improvement in the performance, observed in some experimental studies (Chatard & Wilson, 2008), led to the prohibition of its use. In 2010, the International Swimming Federation (FINA) determined that no swimmer could use during an official competition any suit capable of conferring an additional advantage by reducing drag and / or enhancing buoyancy. The use of many of the most popular swimwear was made unfeasible by this standardization.