I had recently bought an original Gameboy DMG from Good Will for a whopping $5.00, condition unknown. Taking a gamble, I purchased it and took it home to find that it had severe damage caused by a battery that exploded and leaked all over the mainboard.

I had also recently started looking on eBay for the elusive Gameboy Light. It’s a system I have always wanted but could never allow myself to buy since they are pretty expensive on eBay. The Gameboy Light is the Gameboy Pocket with an Indiglo light and was only released overseas in Japan.

I had bought a Raspberry Pi a while back and really didn’t know what I wanted to do with it. At that moment, like a Reese’s Peanut Butter cup, it dawned on me – could the Raspberry Pi be used with a Gameboy?

The Raspberry Pi is a small ARM based computer that fits in the palm of a normal adult hand. The great thing about the Pi is that it has several ways to connect I/O for video, audio, network, USB as well as a direct I/O set of pins called the GPIO pins.

After doing some research, I came to the conclusion that this project might actually be conceivable. Everything I needed was there, it was a matter of getting things together and working out the hardware as well as software side of things. That’s where this guide comes in. It’s my attempt to pass on what I’ve learned as well as taking you through the various steps I took to make it a reality. First off, the parts…

The first thing that had to be done was to see if the Pi would even fit into the case. I found that the Pi sits almost perfectly on the back case of the Gameboy. The width of the Pi fits snug down the center of the case, but in order for it to fit, some modifications had to be done to the case itself.

Using a Dremel, I cut out a most of the battery compartment as well as some posts that on the case for the LCD that would no longer be needed. Doing so, the Pi sits flush with the back of the DMG case:

In the picture above, the battery compartment is on the left and the cartridge slot is on the right. I had to cut back the Cartridge slot as well in order to allow the GPIO pins to fit.

I had initially cut a slot on the left thinking I would add a wireless keyboard or network dongle which can still be added. This would use additional power which means more drain on the battery so those were left out.

LESSON LEARNED – given that, I probably should have de-soldered the Network and USB ports to slim up the Pi which would have allowed for more room to work with.

The Screen

The screen was the first challenge. The screen runs off 12V out of the box which wouldn’t work with the USB battery pack. The USB battery pack is rated at 5V, 1000mAH so the goal was go modify the screen to allow it to run at 5V.

Luckily, there is a great thread here: http://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=41&t=17651 which details how to modify the PCB for the screen to run at 5V instead of 12. The problem with these screens is that there seem to be several versions of the PCB controller boards which require different approaches.

For my particular setup, the board came with the 4 wires (yellow, white, black and red) all soldered onto the PCB. I found a board in the thread above that matched my board, but I still had some difficulties getting the board to run off of 5 volts.

I finally got it to work by removing the power converter chip as well as soldering a jumper between the + power in and the capacitor on the top right as seen below:

The next step was to hook a composite input to the screen PCB board. For this, I took a composite wire I had and stripped off the connector to create a smaller connector that would fit into the Pi’s female composite port. The Pi composite input could have been de-soldered, but I chose this approach to allow it to be unplugged from the Pi if needed.

The Yellow wire from the LCD Controller is soldered into the Composite input. The Black wire (ground) is soldered from the LCD Controller board as well and then wired to the male composite connector. You can see the connector on the left side of the image belowAfter this was completed, the screen and Pi were plugged into a 5V USB input and tested.

Success!

The next challenge was fitting the LCD and controller board to fin in the case. I initially wanted to keep the size of the original Gameboy window and add on a new screen protector. I tried orienting the screen in a portrait layout, but this proved problematic with Retropie.

Editing the root “config.txt”, you have the ability to rotate the screen as well as adjusting the overscan of the screen. The config.txt file can be edited directly from your SD card with any PC. Here is a handy guide to the various settings that can be tweaked and adjusted in the config.txt: http://elinux.org/RPiconfig

None of the adjustments made yielded a layout that would fit correctly within the Gameboy’s window. I made the decision to go ahead and cut out the window to allow the screen to be displayed.

This also meant that I would have to layout the screen in a landscape orientation. This would not work without some trimming of the LCD Controller board since it’s wider than the width of the Gameboy. The parts outlined in red below are what needed to be cut to get the board to fit.

After multiple cuts and trims, I found that I was able to BARELY fit the Controller Board into the case. It only fits because part of the controller board sits in the position where the original Gameboy Contrast knob used to sit. However, it does fit!

For the LCD, I used black electrical tape to cover up the silver border of the screen. Once this is done, I used some double sided stick padded tape and trimmed it to form a border around the LCD and then mounted it to the case.

The Controls

After getting the screen to work, the next step was to get the controls to work. I decided that I would try to use the Pi’s GPIO inputs instead of getting something like a Teensy board. Adding another board would mean that I would have to find room in the cramped DMG case and the GPIO pins are already there, waiting to be used!

I stumbled on a company that creates Controller boards for DMG Gameboy’s that works perfectly with this setup. Instead of having to take the original Gameboy PCB, cutting it and having to solder in wires, the Kitsch Bent PCB allowed me to solder directly to inputs built right into the PCB.

Below is the Controller PCB. The PCB screws into the existing Gameboy mounting posts so the original buttons and rubber fit right in like the stock board would fit. The arrow points to the solder points with each point clearly marked off with it’s respective control function. This makes it easy to associate a control to a solder point which was tied to a specific GPIO pin.

The other advantage of this was that the Kitsch Bent version uses a common ground. This meant that I only need one ground wire for all of the buttons.

Initially I had bought some wires with female to female connectors that I thought I could just plug into the GPIO pins with. This proved to be a failure since the wires sat too high and could not be bent. I decided to strip the wires and solder them directly to the GPIO pins. This proved to be a mistake that caused me unneeded work and issues when trying to assemble everything together.

LESSON LEARNED – I should have bought a GPIO ribbon cable similar to this: http://www.adafruit.com/products/1337. This would have been a simple plug and go solution instead of the pain of soldering the wires to the pins and having them pull off as I tried to work around things.

Once the pins were all soldered to each of the wires, it was time to setup the Retrogame program that would handle each of the input controls.

Once the program was updated, I compiled the updated version of the code and added the entry to autostart as the Pi booted. I had to make a couple of adjustments for the ESC key in Retropie and had to double map the A button to on the Gameboy to be an S on the keyboard as well since the PC Engine emulator seemed to want to use the keyboard S key as one of it’s buttons.

I also decided that I needed some extra controls since I intendedto run the Gameboy Advance emulator as well which would need shoulder buttons. I decided to mount to buttons I found at Radio Shack that would work.

The position of the buttons seems to work better than putting them on the side. My middle fingers fall onto these buttons with the natural grip of the DMG case which works great. These buttons also map to the Page Up/Page Down keyboard keys which I use for paging back and forward through the ROM lists.

For these buttons, these each needed their own ground so I used some of the free GPIO ground pins for each. You can see these in the GPIO mapping diagram above.

Audio

The first thing I had to do was figure out a way to connect to the Pi’s audio out port. I considered de-soldering, but utltimately found that I could just take an old pair of earphones and cut the Input Jack’s rubber shielding to expose a pin with 2 solder points that I could wire to. This allowed me to use an Earphone Jack to essentially plug into the Pi’s audio out jack without desoldering anything. Doing this, I wired directly to the speakers at first only to find that the sound was… lacking!

I ended up ordering an Audio Amplifier board from eBay (above) and connected it to the Pi’s Audio out. The Audio Amplifier requires 5 Volts of power to run, so I soldered wires from the LCD Controller Board’s Positve solder point to the +5V/Ground of the Audio Amplifier.

I wired in the wires from the Pi’s Audio out to the RIN/GND (bottom left of the Audio Amplifier board) and then wired the speaker to the R+/R- (top left of Audio Amplifer board). This drastically improves the loudness of the speakers.

I had originally wanted to use the Gameboy’s Sound Control potentiometer, but it was impossible to find a way to mount and I ended up just scrapping that idea.

Retropie includes a Volume adjustment bar in it’s menu so that’s how volume is controlled.

The Emulators

This was somewhat simple and can be summed up with one word – Retropie. You can download bootable image which can be written to an SD card which will provide you with the Raspian operating system as well as it auto booting to Retropie. Check out the Retropie forums for more details on installing, configuring and troubleshooting Retropie.

Wiring the Beast Together

Here is the wiring schematic for how everything was tied together:

The battery is connected to a Female Micro USB port that I hot glued into place. I modified the port where the Headphone jack was located widening it so that the Female Micro USB adapter would fit.

(1) The Female Micro USB Positive (RED) wired is then fed to the On/Off Switch. From the switch, the Positive (RED) wire is soldered to the positive solder point on the LCD Controller Board.

The Ground (BLACK) from he Micro USB port is wired directly to the negative solder point on the LCD Controller board.

(2) The Positive (RED) and Negative (BLACK) wires are then wired from the Positve/Negative points on the LCD Controller board and then wired to the Micro USB Male pin that is plugged into the PI.

The Audio Amplifier is also wired to the Positive/Negative points on the LCD Controller Board. The Positive (RED) wire is connected to the +5V solder point on the Audio Amplifier and the ground (BLACK) is wired to the GND right above the +5V solder point on the Audtio Amplifier. Since the LCD is power in runs through the switch, anytime the switch is flipped, the LCD, PI and Audio Amplifier are all turned on or off at the same time.

(3) For video, the positive Composite wire (YELLOW) is wired to the positive solder point on the Composite connection plug. A Negative (BLACK) wire is also soldered between the LCD Controller board and the solder point on the Composite connection plug.

(4) The audio Amplifier is connected to an Audio input jack by connecting the Positive (LIGHT BLUE) and Negative (BLACK) to the GND and RIN solder points on the Audio Amplifier.

(5) the R+ is wired (ORANGE) to one solder point on the speaker and the R- (GREEN) is wired to the other solder point on the speaker.

Overview Videos

Part 1:

Part2:

Final Thoughts…

I love my “Super Mega Ultra Pi Boy 64 Thingy”! It was a lot of fun to build and was well worth it. I recommend just taking your time and doing some research before just jumping in. I’ve tried to layout as much as I could above, but if you have any questions, please leave them in the comments below!

Also, if you build your own version of this project, I would love to see it as well!