Modern sequencing techniques have shown that bats can carry a bacterial species previously been shown to cause deadly human infections in the USA. When the research group of Dr. Arto Pulliainen at the Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland, analyzed an array of bat samples from Finland and the UK, one class of identified bacteria turned out to be exceptionally significant. Multilocus sequence analyses of clonal bat Bartonella isolates demonstrated that bats carry Bartonella mayotimonensis. This species has previously been shown to cause deadly human infections in the USA. “We have barely scratched the surface of bat pathogens. Our group and our collaborators are currently focusing on pathogen hunting, environmental toxicology, and bat immune responses. We have also identified a novel class of microbial toxins via our Bartonella studies and we are going to continue that line of research, too,” says Dr. Pulliainen. There are more than 1,100 species of bats on Earth. The numbers of bats are estimated to outnumber every other group of mammals. "Bats are also highly mobile and long-lived, so they are ideal as pathogen reservoirs. A plethora of pathogenic viruses such as Ebola are known to colonize bats," Dr. Pulliainen says. On the other hand, humans are extremely dependent on bats. Bats play a vital role in natural ecosystems. They pollinate flowers, disperse seeds, and eat pests that damage forests and crops. They also play an important role in arthropod suppression. So what to do when, for example, you have to move out a bat that has accidentally flown into your apartment? "Use thick leather gloves when carrying the bat out.