2014-06-28T07:11:02ZThe use of Raman spectroscopy for the intra-operative assessment of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancerhttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:443/handle/1826/7937
Title: The use of Raman spectroscopy for the intra-operative assessment of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer
Authors: Horsnell, Jonathan
Abstract: Breast cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Assessment of the axillary lymph nodes is part of the staging of the disease. Advances in surgical management of breast cancer have seen a move towards intra-operative lymph node assessment that facilitates an immediate axillary clearance if it is indicated. Raman spectroscopy, a technique based on the inelastic scattering of light, has previously been shown to be capable of differentiating between normal and malignant tissue. These results, based on the biochemical composition of the tissue, potentially allow for this technique to be utilised in this clinical context.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the facility of Raman spectroscopy to both assess axillary lymph node tissue within the theatre setting and to achieve results that were comparable to other intra-operative techniques within a clinically relevant time frame. Cont/d.2012-04-30T23:00:00ZHorsnell, JonathanAn investigation into the design of cultivation systems for inter- and intra-row weed controlhttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:443/handle/1826/7881
Title: An investigation into the design of cultivation systems for inter- and intra-row weed control
Authors: Home, Matthew.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the design of soil
engaging systems to mechanically control weeds between plants within the crop row
in widely spaced field vegetables. A mass flow soil dynamics model based on particle
dynamics was developed to aid designers in determining the lateral and forward
displacement of soil as it is undercut by shallow working wide blades. The model was
validated in soil bin laboratory experiments and used to design a novel mechanical
inter- and intra-row weeding system. Cont/d.2003-10-30T00:00:00ZHome, Matthew.Using a linked soil model emulator and unsaturated zone leaching model to
account for preferential flow when assessing the spatially distributed risk of
pesticide leaching to groundwater in England and Waleshttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:443/handle/1826/815
Title: Using a linked soil model emulator and unsaturated zone leaching model to
account for preferential flow when assessing the spatially distributed risk of
pesticide leaching to groundwater in England and Wales
Authors: Holman, Ian P.; Dubus, Igor G.; Hollis, J. M.; Brown, Colin D.
Abstract: Although macropore flow is recognized as an important process for the transport
of pesticides through a wide range of soils, none of the existing spatially
distributed methods for assessing the risk of pesticide leaching to groundwater
account for this phenomenon. The present paper presents a spatially distributed
modelling system for predicting pesticide losses to groundwater through micro-
and macropore flow paths. The system combines a meta version of the mechanistic,
dual porosity, preferential flow pesticide leaching model MACRO (the MACRO
emulator), which describes pesticide transport and attenuation in the soil zone,
to an attenuation factor leaching model for the unsaturated zone. The
development of the emulator was based on the results of over 4000 MACRO model
simulations. Model runs describe pesticide leaching for the range of soil types,
climate regimes, pesticide properties and application patterns in England and
Wales. Linking the MACRO emulator to existing spatial databases of soil, climate
and compound-specific loads allowed the prediction of the concentration of
pesticide leaching from the base of the soil profile (at 1 m depth) for a wide
range of pesticides. Attenuation and retardation of the pesticide during transit
through the unsaturated zone to the watertable was simulated using the substrate
attenuation factor model AQUAT. The MACRO emulator simulated pesticide loss in
10 of 12 lysimeter soil-pesticide combinations for which pesticide leaching was
shown to occur and also successfully predicted no loss from 3 soil-pesticide
combinations. Although the qualitative aspect of leaching was satisfactorily
predicted, actual pesticide concentrations in leachate were relatively poorly
predicted. At the national scale, the linked MACRO emulator / AQUAT system was
found to predict the relative order of, and realistic regional patterns of,
pesticide leaching for atrazine, isoproturon, chlorotoluron and lindane. The
methodology provides a first-step assessment of the potential for pesticide
leaching to groundwater in England and Wales. Further research is required to
improve the modelling concept proposed. The system can be used to refine
regional groundwater monitoring system designs and sampling strategies and
improve the cost-effectiveness of the measures needed to achieve “good status”
of groundwater quality as required by the Water Framework Direct2004-01-05T00:00:00ZHolman, Ian P.Dubus, Igor G.Hollis, J. M.Brown, Colin D.Development and application of a soil classification-based conceptual catchment-
scale hydrological modelhttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:443/handle/1826/1928
Title: Development and application of a soil classification-based conceptual catchment-
scale hydrological model
Authors: Marechal, David; Holman, Ian P.
Abstract: A conceptual, continuous, daily, semi distributed catchment-scale rainfall-
runoff model that has the potential to be ultimately used in ungauged catchments
is described. The Catchment Resources and Soil Hydrology (CRASH) model is
developed from the basis that the transformation of rainfall into simulated
river discharge can be parameterised using pre-existing national datasets of
soil, land use and weather; and that the spatial variability in soil properties
and land use are important to the hydrological response of a catchment and
should be incorporated into the catchment representation. Both infiltration-
excess and saturation-excess runoff mechanisms are simulated, with water
movement through each soil layer simulated using a capacitance approach limited
according to layer physical properties. The hydrological linkage between the
response unit and catchment is parameterised using the existing national
Hydrology of Soil Types (HOST) classification. The HOST classification groups
all UK soil types into one of 29 hydrological classes for which nationally
calibrated values of Base Flow Index and Standard Percentage Runoff are
provided. CRASH has been calibrated and validated for three catchments in
England with contrasting soil characteristics and meteorological conditions. The
model was successful at simulating time series and flow duration curves in all
catchments during the calibration and validation periods. The next development
stage will be to test CRASH for a large number of catchments covering a wider
range of soils, land uses and meteorological conditions, in order to derive a
set of regionalised model parameters based upon the HOST classification. The
successful cross-scale linkage between water movement through the response unit
and the catchment-scale hydrological response using the HOST classification,
which incorporates the scale effects between plot and catchment, suggests that
such national soil hydrological classifications may provide a sound and
consistent framework for hydrological modelling in both gauged and ungauged
catchments which should be extended to other regions.2005-10-01T00:00:00ZMarechal, DavidHolman, Ian P.