The population of Moroccan elders is in full increase; their requirements for quality and quantity of services are becoming increasingly important. On the basis of this, reality and extension of many major innovative projects in Morocco (industrial expansion plan, renewable energy stations, the road infrastructure network, rural electrification, drinking water, accelerated urbanization, globalization...) gain importance. Reflection on the design of a typical residence for the elderly has become an ambitious idea possessing all the chances of its success; it is also worth noting that it is a citizen opportunity to be seized by all political decision-makers for the promotion of health and the improvement of the quality of life of a growing category of the population. The typical residence of the elderly remains not only a place of life but also an environment of therapeutic care and at different levels of autonomy and dependence of our elders.

The population of Moroccan elders is in full increase; their requirements for quality and quantity of services are becoming increasingly important. On the basis of this, reality and extension of many major innovative projects in Morocco (industrial expansion plan, renewable energy stations, the road infrastructure network, rural electrification, drinking water, accelerated urbanization, globalization...) gain importance. Reflection on the design of a typical residence for the elderly has become an ambitious idea possessing all the chances of its success; it is also worth noting that it is a citizen opportunity to be seized by all political decision-makers for the promotion of health and the improvement of the quality of life of a growing category of the population. The typical residence of the elderly remains not only a place of life but also an environment of therapeutic care and at different levels of autonomy and dependence of our elders.

Hydatidosis or hydatid cyst is a prevalent zoonosis all over the world due to larval forms of the tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus. Echinococcus granulosus is the most frequent form of echinococcal infection in humans. The disease generally results from an oral ingestion of the parasite ova eliminated with feces of dogs leading to the emergence of hydatid cysts.Hydatidosis is a health problem that may remain asymptomatic for several years. This disease is endemic in Morocco and is recorded to be a serious problem that requires great caution.

Hydatidosis or hydatid cyst is a prevalent zoonosis all over the world due to larval forms of the tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus. Echinococcus granulosus is the most frequent form of echinococcal infection in humans. The disease generally results from an oral ingestion of the parasite ova eliminated with feces of dogs leading to the emergence of hydatid cysts.Hydatidosis is a health problem that may remain asymptomatic for several years. This disease is endemic in Morocco and is recorded to be a serious problem that requires great caution.

Objectives: The objective of this investigation was to assess the methods for the characterization of Salmonella isolates and to identify relationships of Salmonella isolates from human and food sources in northern Morocco. Methodology: Several Salmonella serotypes were isolated from human and food samples and were characterized using conventional culture methods, biochemical, serological, antimicrobial testing, and phage typing. Molecular analyses such as enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus(ERIC) - PCR, macrorestriction profiling by pulsed - field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and virulence gene analysis were also performed. Results: Sixteen Salmonella strains were isolated in our laboratory, serotyped and identified as S. Kottbus, S. Indiana, S. London, S. Typhi, S. Hadar, S. Corvallis, S. Mbandaka, S. Ouakam, S. Tm var. cop., S. Virchow, and S. Altona. The most common resistance profiles for the isolates was ATCFATSCGKSSS, belonging to phage type PT20, ATASCSS associated with strains DT104L/ad and ATATSS for isolates that were not type able. The PFGE patterns were different for each Salmonella serotype. All strains were negative for the virulence gene spvR. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first molecular characterization of Salmonella in food and humans from Morocco. Comparison of molecular techniques for differentiating between human and food isolates of Salmonella in north of Morocco shows that ERIC typing and PFGE were more discriminating than the other techniques used in this study.

Objectives: The objective of this investigation was to assess the methods for the characterization of Salmonella isolates and to identify relationships of Salmonella isolates from human and food sources in northern Morocco. Methodology: Several Salmonella serotypes were isolated from human and food samples and were characterized using conventional culture methods, biochemical, serological, antimicrobial testing, and phage typing. Molecular analyses such as enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus(ERIC) - PCR, macrorestriction profiling by pulsed - field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and virulence gene analysis were also performed. Results: Sixteen Salmonella strains were isolated in our laboratory, serotyped and identified as S. Kottbus, S. Indiana, S. London, S. Typhi, S. Hadar, S. Corvallis, S. Mbandaka, S. Ouakam, S. Tm var. cop., S. Virchow, and S. Altona. The most common resistance profiles for the isolates was ATCFATSCGKSSS, belonging to phage type PT20, ATASCSS associated with strains DT104L/ad and ATATSS for isolates that were not type able. The PFGE patterns were different for each Salmonella serotype. All strains were negative for the virulence gene spvR. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first molecular characterization of Salmonella in food and humans from Morocco. Comparison of molecular techniques for differentiating between human and food isolates of Salmonella in north of Morocco shows that ERIC typing and PFGE were more discriminating than the other techniques used in this study.

Educational use of digital video in the context of practical work in dentistry prospective evaluation survey of the optimal duration of educational films by second-year students of dentistry in Rabat / Anissa Regragui

The transmission of knowledge is a critical step that requires dedication and logistic assets to achieve the desired objective.Among these advantages is the online launch of educational films on the university's platform which aims at the improvement of understanding by students, and the information provided during practical work. For this, we have made three videos on the implementation of shaped clasps, while fixing the duration of the films successively at 8min50, 5min05 and 3min30. The videos were evaluated by the entire class through a questionnaire distributed to students who were present in the practical work training session. The biostatistical analysis revealed the preference to be for the 8min50 video with an initial viewing percentage of 59.3%. At a second and another viewing, preference was successively in favor of the 5min05 video (54.5%) and that of 3min 30 (43.4%). Furthermore, the students’ favorite videos were those with a time interval of 10 to 20 minutes (46.9%) for upcoming educational materials.

The transmission of knowledge is a critical step that requires dedication and logistic assets to achieve the desired objective.Among these advantages is the online launch of educational films on the university's platform which aims at the improvement of understanding by students, and the information provided during practical work. For this, we have made three videos on the implementation of shaped clasps, while fixing the duration of the films successively at 8min50, 5min05 and 3min30. The videos were evaluated by the entire class through a questionnaire distributed to students who were present in the practical work training session. The biostatistical analysis revealed the preference to be for the 8min50 video with an initial viewing percentage of 59.3%. At a second and another viewing, preference was successively in favor of the 5min05 video (54.5%) and that of 3min 30 (43.4%). Furthermore, the students’ favorite videos were those with a time interval of 10 to 20 minutes (46.9%) for upcoming educational materials.

Background: In the treatment of active tuberculosis, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is used to optimize dosing that maximizes therapeutic benefit while minimizing toxicity. In Morocco, TDM is not routinely used, yet low levels of anti-TB drugs can be associated with poorer treatment outcomes.Methods: We retrospectively checked our archives for patients with active TB for whom TDM was performed during 2014. Medical records were reviewed to abstract demographic, clinical, radiographic and microbiological data including time until smear and culture conversion. Then, we looked for cases with delay of TB conversion.Results: In total, 24 patients were identified, for whom TDM was performed, they all had low serum drug levels. Among them, 4 patients showed delayed bacteriological conversion.
Conclusions: Our study cases are showing the benefit of serum dosage in the follow-up of the patients showing a delay of sputum examination conversion,both direct and culture, during their evolutions. TDM is potentially useful for the treatment of active TB, but is currently underused in Morocco.

Background: In the treatment of active tuberculosis, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is used to optimize dosing that maximizes therapeutic benefit while minimizing toxicity. In Morocco, TDM is not routinely used, yet low levels of anti-TB drugs can be associated with poorer treatment outcomes.Methods: We retrospectively checked our archives for patients with active TB for whom TDM was performed during 2014. Medical records were reviewed to abstract demographic, clinical, radiographic and microbiological data including time until smear and culture conversion. Then, we looked for cases with delay of TB conversion.Results: In total, 24 patients were identified, for whom TDM was performed, they all had low serum drug levels. Among them, 4 patients showed delayed bacteriological conversion.
Conclusions: Our study cases are showing the benefit of serum dosage in the follow-up of the patients showing a delay of sputum examination conversion,both direct and culture, during their evolutions. TDM is potentially useful for the treatment of active TB, but is currently underused in Morocco.