KEYNOTE-021 is a multi-cohort Phase I/II study evaluating the safety and preliminary efficacy of pembrolizumab plus platinum-doublet chemotherapy (including pemetrexed), immunotherapy or EGFR-targeted therapy for advanced NSCLC. The ASCO presentation focused on Phase I evaluations of cohorts A-C, of which patients in cohort C receive pemetrexed (500 mg/m2), carboplatin AUC 5 and pembrolizumab (2 or 10 mg/kg) (randomized 1:1) as a front-line treatment every three weeks for four cycles, followed by pemetrexed and pembrolizumab for up to two years.

KEYNOTE-098

KEYNOTE-098 (I4T-MC-JVDF), is a Phase I study evaluating the safety and preliminary efficacy of the combination of ramucirumab with pembrolizumab in NSCLC, gastric/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma, and transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium (the most common type of bladder cancer). The primary safety and preliminary efficacy data being presented at ASCO this year are from cohort C, consisting of patients with NSCLC receiving treatment after prior therapy (ramucirumab 10 mg/kg plus pembrolizumab 200 mg every three weeks). This cohort included patients with nonsquamous and squamous forms of NSCLC.

In these preliminary results from KEYNOTE-098, there were no unexpected safety events reported and grade 3/4 toxicities were low (9%) in patients with NSCLC, gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma or urothelial carcinoma. A majority of cohort C (NSCLC) patients (20/25) experienced a decrease in target lesions; this group spanned the spectrum of PD-L1 status, from negative (40%) and not reported (25%) to weak-positive (5%) and strong-positive (30%). Patients in cohort C achieved an ORR of 26 percent, with one complete response and six partial responses to ramucirumab-pembrolizumab therapy. Responses were seen in both nonsquamous and squamous NSCLC patients. In addition, cohort C patients achieved a disease control rate (DCR) of 85 percent, and 59 percent of patients reported stable disease. The companies say these data support continued investigation of the combination of ramucirumab and pembrolizumab.