In the parliamentary election held in March 1999, the Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea (PDGE) gained another landslide victory. The opposition parties, having won only 5 of the 80 seats, protested unfairness in the process and demanded that the election be annulled. Pres. Obiang Nguema, who had first presented the PDGE’s triumph as evidence of the country’s political stability, in July gave in to pressure and agreed to form a government of national unity, including members of the opposition. The reality, however, was that he governed through a system of personal patronage. He unilaterally declared the country’s maritime borders in March, a step that threatened to open new disputes with Gabon and Nigeria because of the potential oil wealth in the waters that Equatorial Guinea claimed.

The expansion of oil production continued to transform what had been one of the poorest countries in Africa. By 1999 over 90,000 bbl of light crude a day were being produced, with 120,000 bbl a day expected by sometime in 2000. A small number of officials were the main beneficiaries of the new wealth. A vast palace of congresses outside Malabo and a $300 million methanol plant were among the new projects undertaken. France agreed to rebuild the airport terminal, but, sadly, the single aircraft operated by the state airline crashed in March.

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