MENAKAR SEJARAH TAFSIR MAQÄá¹¢IDÄª

Article Info

Publish Date 22 Jan 2018

Abstract

This article elaborate the historical root of tafsir maqasidi through these steps:1) describing the four periods of the history of tafsir; 2) deducing points, from each period, which could provide an idea on the history of tafsir maqashidi, either theoretically or practically; 3) and providing examples of tafsir maqashidi. This article is done by documentation, by searching, reading, and reviewing qualitative data to be collected and analyzed by deductive method. The results of the article show: 1) historical roots of tafsir maqa>s{idi> have an intertwined with the history of tafsir in general, namely: mará¸¥alat al-tasÄ«s, mará¸¥alat al-taá¹£Ä«l, mará¸¥alat al-tafrÄ«, and mará¸¥alat al-tajdi>d. 2) among the points that can be explained related to the historical roots of tafsir maqas{idi> that is: a) in the tasÄ«s period, there embryo maqÄá¹£id al-shari>âah. For example, there is a triple divorce in one majlis which is punishable by a single divorce at the time of the Prophet, during the time of Umar ra. punishable by three divorces, with consideration of urf, for the benefit; b) in the tafrÄ« period, born three maqÄá¹£id al-shari>âah theories. first, al-TÅ«fÄ« argues that the Shariah is none other than mas}lah}ah itself, so if nas} is contrary to mas}lah}ah then take precedence of mas}lah}ah (alÄ sabÄ«l al-takhá¹£Ä«á¹£); secondly, al-GazalÄ« states that "mas}lah}ah" is nothing but the Sharia itself, so the theory of mas}lah}ah is taken inductively from nas {{; Third, al-ShÄá¹­ibÄ« argues that mas}lah}ah and sharia are one unity, so if nas} that opposed to mas}lah}ah is qot}i> al-dalÄlah, then nas {is precedence, and if nas} that opposed to mas}lah}ah is dhanni> al-dalÄlah, then mas}lah}ah is precedence; c) in the tajdi>d period, classical maqÄá¹£id concepts that are protection and preservation, altered by some contemporary Muslims such as Jasser Auda into a new concept of development and rights. The idea of contemporaryization of this terminology was then rejected by many fuqaha. 3) an example of the application of tafsir maqÄá¹£idi> is the interpretation of the Quran surah al-Nu>r verse 2 in the context of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. In this case there is a taÄruá¸ between nas which enjoins the caning and "mas}lah}ah". The application of the Islamic Criminal law in Indonesia to date has not received sufficient political support, so it will lead to greater mafsadah. Therefore, mas}lah}ah takes precedence and is made as takhá¹£Ä«á¹£ above nas}.