New breakthrough in nanoscale circuitry

A University of Rochester researcher has controlled the charge through a circuit that is the width of a single molecule, an advance that brings nanoscale electronic circuitry a step closer.

‘Until now, scientists have been unable to reliably direct a charge from one molecule to another,’ said Alexander Shestopalov, an assistant professor of chemical engineering at the University of Rochester. ‘But that’s exactly what we need to do when working with electronic circuits that are one or two molecules thin.’

According to the University, Shestopalov worked with an OLED (organic light-emitting diode) powered by a microscopically small, simple circuit in which he connected a one-molecule thin sheet of organic material between positive and negative electrodes.

A single layer of organic molecules connects the positive and negative electrodes in a molecular-junction OLED

Research publications have shown that it is difficult to control the current travelling through the circuit from one electrode to the other in such a thin circuit. Shestopalov said in a paper published in Advanced Material Interfaces that this over overcome by adding a second, inert layer of molecules.

The inert layer is made of a straight chain of organic molecules. On top a layer of aromatic (ring-shaped) molecules act like a wire conducting the electronic charge. The inert layer, in effect, acts like the plastic casing on electric wires by insulating and separating the live wires from the surrounding environment. Since the bottom layer is not capable of reacting with the overlapping layer, the electronic properties of the component are determined solely within the top layer.

The bi-layer arrangement also gave Shestopalov the ability to fine-tune his control of the charge transfer. By changing the functional groups - units of atoms that replace hydrogen in molecules and determine a molecule’s characteristic chemical reactivity - he could more precisely affect the rate at which the current moved between the electrodes and the upper layer of organic molecules.

In molecular electronic devices, some functional groups accelerate the charge transfer, while others slow it down. By incorporating the inert layer of molecules, Shestopalov was able to reduce any interference with the top layer and, as a result, achieve the precise charge transfer needed in a device by changing the functional group.

While Shestopalov overcame a significant obstacle, more work needs to be done before bi-layer molecular electronic devices become practical.

‘The system we developed degrades quickly at high temperatures,’ Shestopalov said in a statement. ‘What we need are devices that last for years, and that will take time to accomplish.

Shestopalov’s research was funded by the US National Science Foundation and University of Rochester ChemE Startup.