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PDGF-AA induces Ezh2 expression and proliferation in juvenile islets but not in adult islets. Western immunoblots of indicated islet proteins from 3 week or 9 month-old WT islets 2 days after exposure to PDGF-AA alone, or PDGF-AA plus RTK inhibitors Sunitinib.

Nature 2011 478(7369):349-55. Sunitinib Malate purchased from Selleck

Assessment of effects on human juvenile or adult islets after exposure to PDGF-AA (50 ng/ml) for 2 days, with or without Sunitinib (2 uM) or U0126 (10 uM)co-treatment. Average percentage of BrdU+ insulin+ cells was morphometry from sectioned islets immunostained for insulin (green), glucagon (white) and BrdU (red). n = 3-6 independent experiments.

Nature 2011 478(7369):349-55. Sunitinib Malate purchased from Selleck

The inhibitor PD173074 (A) or PD184352 (B) was administered to one uterine horn of Hand2d/d mice on day 3 of pregnancy (n = 5). The other horn served as vehicle-treated control. Uterine horns were collected on the morning of day 4, and sections were subjected to IHC to detect p-FRS2, p-ERK1/2, and Ki-67. (C) IHC of pERa and Muc-1 in uterine sections of Hand2d/d mice treated with PD173074 or PD184352.

Science 2011 331(6019), 912-6. PD173074 purchased from Selleck

Erlotinib IC50 in HCC827 cell lines measured 48h after treatment with vehicle (control) or with erlotinib. Erlotinib IC50 is shown in parentheses. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments. Effects of treatment for 48h with a vehicle or the indicated doses of MP-470 in parental or ER1 and ER2 cell lines in the absence and presence of erlotinib on the indicated biomarkers.

For MTT assays, cells (2,000 ~ 5,000 cells/well) were subcultured into 96-well plates according to their growth properties. Cell proliferation was assayed at 72 hr after treatment of CP-724714 by adding 20 μl of 5 mg/ml 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) solution per 100 μl of growth medium. After incubating for 3-4 h at 37°C, the media were removed and 150 µl/well of MTT solvent (either absolute DMSO or isopropanol containing 4 μM HCl and 0.1% Nonidet-40) was added to dissolve the formazan.

Inhibition of FGFR signaling pathway by FGFR inhibitor PD173074 in mouse xenograft tumors. Bladder cancer SW780 cells were implanted in mice and treated with PD173074 after tumor formation as shown in B. Protein lysates of tumor tissues were prepared and immunoblotted with antibodies against phospho-ERK1/2, pan-ERK1/2, and γ-tubulin.

The inhibitor PD173074 (A) or PD184352 (B) was administered to one uterine horn of Hand2d/d mice on day 3 of pregnancy (n = 5). The other horn served as vehicle-treated control. Uterine horns were collected on the morning of day 4, and sections were subjected to IHC to detect p-FRS2, p-ERK1/2, and Ki-67. (C) IHC of pERa and Muc-1 in uterine sections of Hand2d/d mice treated with PD173074 or PD184352.

Rating

Source

Science, 2011, 331(6019), 912-6. PD173074 purchased from Selleck

Method

Immunohistochemistry

Cell Lines

uterine horn

Concentrations

Incubation Time

Results

The epithelia of vehicle-treated horn showed prominent expression of p-FRS2 and p-ERK1/2 (Fig. A, a and c). However, the levels of both p-FRS2 and p-ERK1/2 were reduced in the epithelia of PD173074-treated horn on day 4 of pregnancy (Fig. A, b and d). We also observed a marked decline in the proliferative activity of Hand2-null uterine epithelia, as indicated by decreased Ki-67 staining (Fig. A, e and f). Administration of either PD173074 (Fig. C, a to d) or PD184352 (Fig. C, e to h) to Hand2-null uterine horns blocked the phosphorylation of epithelial ER a at Ser118 and the expression of Muc-1.

Erlotinib IC50 in HCC827 cell lines measured 48h after treatment with vehicle (control) or with erlotinib. Erlotinib IC50 is shown in parentheses. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments. Effects of treatment for 48h with a vehicle or the indicated doses of MP-470 in parental or ER1 and ER2 cell lines in the absence and presence of erlotinib on the indicated biomarkers.

It sought to validate genetic findings using pharmacologic inhibitors of AXL. As expected, erlotinib decreased pEGFR, pERK, pAKT, pRelA and increased the levels of cleaved Parp in parental HCC827 cells irrespective of concurrent treatment with MP-470. In contrast, these effects of erlotinib treatment were observed only upon concurrent treatment with MP-470 in the HCC827 ER1 and ER2 cells.

For MTT assays, cells (2,000 ~ 5,000 cells/well) were subcultured into 96-well plates according to their growth properties. Cell proliferation was assayed at 72 hr after treatment of CP-724714 by adding 20 μl of 5 mg/ml 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) solution per 100 μl of growth medium. After incubating for 3-4 h at 37°C, the media were removed and 150 µl/well of MTT solvent (either absolute DMSO or isopropanol containing 4 μM HCl and 0.1% Nonidet-40) was added to dissolve the formazan.

We then treated mice bearing RCT-E565 tumor transplants with PF02341066, a c-Met inhibitor currently in clinical development. PF02341066 abrogated both p-Akt and p-S6RP signals as well as tumor growth.

The sensitivities of L1196M-driven Ba/F3 cell clones to PF-02341066 were lower, closely resembling that of the Ba/F3 parental cells. The therapeutic indexes of CH5424802 and PF-02341066, the IC50 ratio of EML4-ALK L1196M-driven cell clones to the parental cells, were 7- to 12-fold and 1- to 2-fold.

XL184 combined with PLX4720, compared to PLX 4720 alone, abrogated AXL-mediated induction of AKT phosphorylation and rescue of ERK phosphorylation but had no effect on AKT or ERK levels in A-375 cell lines.

Inhibition of FGFR signaling pathway by FGFR inhibitor PD173074 in mouse xenograft tumors. Bladder cancer SW780 cells were implanted in mice and treated with PD173074 after tumor formation as shown in B. Protein lysates of tumor tissues were prepared and immunoblotted with antibodies against phospho-ERK1/2, pan-ERK1/2, and γ-tubulin.