2004 Boxing Day Tsunami| Source 1| Source 2| Source 3| Source 4| Name of Topic| Tsunami Flash| The Tsunami Page| The Boxing Day 2006 Tsunami| 2004 Tsunami Disaster| Name of Author| The Age| Dr George P.C| Phil Cummins| Matthew Clieok| Address| http://www.theage.com.au/tsunamiflash/| http://www.drgeorgepc.com/Tsunami2004Indonesia.html| http://www.ga.gov.au/ausgeonews/ausgeonews200503/tsunami.jsp| http://www.ciolek.com/WWWVLPages/AsiaPages/Tsunami-Analyses.html| Notes| I believe that this was reliable because it was from a news website.| I believe that this reliable because it comes with a lot of info| I believe that this reliable because it is a government website.| I believe that this is reliable because it is a website|

Cause: The Cause of the Tsunami was because of a 9.3 earthquake. The earthquake was caused because of the collision of the Indian Plate and Burma plate. The Indian plate actually slipped under the Burma plate because of a fault line. Location: The Epicentre of the original earthquake was located in the Indian Ocean near Banda Acen in North Indonesia. Countries Affected: The Countries that were severely affected by the Tsunami were Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand and East Africa. Fatalities:

After Effects: After the Originally Earthquake hit it was followed by numerous aftershocks. On 1st January there was recorded to be 84 aftershocks with the magnitude that ranged from 5.0 to 7.0. There were also numerous diseases that were spread through water which caused more deaths such as malaria. Many people were also traumatised from the sudden flood.

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...The 2004 South Asia Tsunami
Introduction
26th of December 2004 saw one of the deadliest natural disasters in history; a tsunami killing more than 270,000 people in fourteen countries across two continents (The Bolton Council of Mosques 2007-2012). This essay will aim to address the following issues: the nature of the disaster, geographic and human factors that contributed to the disaster, the preparation involved, the recovery process and the limitations of the data.
Nature of the South Asia tsunami
An earthquake of magnitude 9.3 shook the Indian Ocean floor surrounding the island of Sumatra, in western Indonesia, when one tectonic plate moved under the other (Bungum et al. 2006) setting off a series of tsunamis towards the coasts of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, India and east coast of Africa (Cummins and Leonard, 2005). The subduction of plates caused the sea floor to rise and fall approximately 150 kilometres away towards land, resulting in the sea receding to the east, while the west coast was awash by a wave rising to a terrifying height of 30 metres (Paris et al. 2007).
Figure 1: Countries most affected by the Tsunami (Graphicmaps.com)
Preparation for the disaster
The sudden withdrawal of the sea gave Thailand some warning that a tsunami was coming whereas in Sri Lanka, the huge wave would have been the first thing they saw...

...Joseph Ritchie
2004BoxingDayTsunami
1. Explain the causes of the 2004boxingdayTsunami (6)
A Tsunami forms when energy from an earthquake vertically jolts the seabed by several metres, displacing hundreds of cubic kilometres of water. Large waves begin moving through the ocean, away from the earthquakes epicentre. In deep water theTsunami moves at great speeds. When it reaches shallow water near coastal areas, the Tsunami slows but increases in height.
Before the BoxingDayTsunami in 2004 the waterline suddenly retreated exposing hundreds of metres of beach and sea bed. The several waves of the Tsunami came of intervals of between 5 and 20 minutes.
Tsunamis occur when
* The earthquake measures more than 6.5 on the Richter scale
* The earthquakes focus is shallow beneath the earth’s surface
* The focus is also beneath the ocean
The BoxingDayTsunami was estimated between 9.0 and 9.3 on the Richter scale, the trust heaved the floor of the Indian Ocean towards Indonesia by about 15 metres and sent shock waves. Theses shock waves radiated out in a series of ripples moving unnoticed across oceans until they hit land. The longer and shallower the approach the more the...

...INTRODUCTION
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea mega thrust earthquake that occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on Sunday, December 26, 2004, with an epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The quake itself is known by the scientific community as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake.[3][4] The resulting tsunami is given various names, including the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, Asian Tsunami, Indonesian Tsunami.
CAUSES
The earthquake was caused by subduction and triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean, killing over 230,000 people in fourteen countries, and inundating coastal communities with waves up to 30 meters (100 feet) high.[5] It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. Indonesia was the hardest hit, followed by Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand.
With a magnitude of between 9.1 and 9.3, it is the third largest earthquake ever recorded on a seismograph. This earthquake had the longest duration of faulting ever observed, between 8.3 and 10 minutes. It caused the entire planet to vibrate as much as 1 cm (0.4 inches)[6] and triggered other earthquakes as far away as Alaska.[7] Its hypocenter was between Simeulue and mainland Indonesia.[8]
The hypocentre of the main earthquake was approximately 160 km (100 mi), in the Indian Ocean just north of Simeulue island, off...

...Tragedy stuck on BoxingDay of 2004, as the Indian Ocean earthquake reached a magnitude of 9.2, ultimately causing one of the most deadly Tsunami’s ever recorded (Cummins & Leonard 2005). This catastrophic event resulted in an estimated 230,000 people killed and 1.7million displaced. As the tsunami reached wave peaks of 30 metres, it destroyed everything in it’s path, including communities in Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India and as far away as the east coast of Africa (Cummins & Leonard 2005).
The BoxingDay earthquake occurred in the Sunda subduction zone, where the Indo-Australian plate is sliding beneath Sumatra. The seafloor rose near the plate boundary and subsided 100–200 kilometers landward of the boundary (Synolakis & Bernard 2006). This resulted in a wave traveling to the east whose leading edge was receding, causing the sea to withdraw, while to the west the leading edge inundated the coast (Synolakis & Bernard 2006).
Whilst this geographical zone is a permanent part of the Indian Ocean, there were also several human factors that conversely contributed to the outcome of the tsunami (Keys, Masterman-Smith & Cottle 2006). The Indonesians sewage, global warming and fishing ultimately destroyed the coral reefs, which during the tsunami could’ve acted as a barrier around the Surin Islands (Keys, Masterman-Smith & Cottle 2006).
Similarly, sand...

...BOXINGDAY
1. When is BoxingDay?
- In Britain, BoxingDay is usually celebrated on the following day after Christmas Day, which is 26 December.
- Like Christmas Day, BoxingDay is a public holiday. This means everybody doesn’t have to go to school or work on that day. If BoxingDay falls on Saturday or Sunday, the following Monday is the BoxingDay.
2. History of BoxingDay. Why is it called BoxingDay?
a) To protect ships:
- During the Age of Exploration, when the ships started to discover new land, a Christmas Box was used as a good luck symbol. It was a small thing placed on each ship. It was put by a priest, and to ensure a safety, the sailors would drop money into the box. After that, it was sealed up and kept on board for the entire trip.
- If the ship came home safely, the box was given to the priest. The priest would keep the box until Christmas when he would open it to share the contents with the poor. Therefore, BoxingDay is also called Christmas Box.
b) To help the poor:
- A box was placed in every church on Christmas Day and the worshippers placed a gift for the poor into it. These boxes were always opened the day...

...2014
2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
One of the many forms of natural disaster is an earthquake. An earthquake is a violent shaking of the ground due to the movements of tectonic plates under the sea. The edges of the tectonic plates are marked by faults and when the fault lines collide or slide past each other, an earthquake would occur. The arrival of an earthquake usually starts off on a location under the earth’s surface also known as the hypocenter. The location right above the hypocenter, which is above the earth’s surface, is called the epicenter. Earthquakes usually come in a series of phases and there are the smaller tremors that follow after the main tremor. The main tremor is called the mainshock while the small tremors are called the foreshocks. Foreshocks occur in the same place as the mainshock may continue for quite some time even after the mainshock subsided. The magnitude of an earthquake is measured using the Richter scale, a formula developed by Charles F. Richter in the 1930s. It is calculated by using the information gathered from the seismograph. The Richter scale ranges from 0-9, although there is no actual limit to how high it could be. The higher the number the Richter Scale shows, the stronger the earthquake. Logarithm is also used in determining the magnitude of an earthquake, which means that a whole number jump may indicate a ten-fold increase in the power of an earthquake.
On...

...The December 26, 2004 Sumatran Tsunami
[pic]
On the morning of December 26, 2004 a magnitude 9.3 earthquake struck off the Northwest coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The earthquake resulted from complex slip on the fault where the oceanic portion of the Indian Plate slides under Sumatra, part of the Eurasian Plate. The earthquake deformed the ocean floor, pushing the overlying water up into a tsunami wave. Thetsunami wave devastated nearby areas where the wave may have been as high as 25 meters (80 feet) tall and killed nearly 300,000 people from nations in the region and tourists from around the world. The tsunami wave itself also traveled the globe, and was measured in the Pacific and many other places by tide gauges. Measurements in California exceeded 40 cm in height, while New Jersey saw water level fluctuations as great as 34 cm. Eyewitness accounts, photos, and videos provided unprecidented documentation of the event. To prepare for future tsunamis, we encourage everyone to educate themselves about what they can do now, and in the event that they should ever be threatened by a tsunami.
Other links for the Sumatra Tsunami:
http://www.drgeorgepc.com/Tsunami2004Indonesia.html - Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis web page detailing the Sumatra tsunami. Well presented in easily readable terms with good graphics and...

...[pic]Tsunami
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For other uses, see Tsunami (disambiguation).
[pic]
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A destroyed town in Sumatra after being hit by a tsunami, caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
A tsunami (plural: tsunamis or tsunami; from Japanese: 津波, lit. "harbor wave";[1] English pronunciation: /suːˈnɑːmi/ soo-nah-mee or /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ tsoo-nah-mee[2]), also called a tsunami wave train,[3] and at one time referred to as a tidal wave, is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water, usually an ocean, though it can occur in large lakes. Tsunamis are a frequent occurrence in Japan; approximately 195 events have been recorded.[4] Owing to the immense volumes of water and the high energy involved, tsunamis can devastate coastal regions.
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides glacier calvings[5] and other mass movements, meteorite ocean impacts or similar impact events, and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.
The Greek historian Thucydides was the first to relate tsunami to submarine earthquakes,[6][7] but the understanding of a tsunami's nature remained slim until the 20th...