Other scientists and scholars' introductions, in full length,
as published in Ove von Spaeth's "The Enigmatic Son of Pharaoh's
Daughter", VOLUME 2
of the book-series "Assassinating Moses".
-
In addition, the table of Contents of Vol. 2.

1

LEO HJORTSOE: INTRODUCTION TO
VOLUME 2

This work by Ove von Spaeth reassesses Moses' historic situation, and - if
properly published and put into circulation - it could alter our current
view of this historic sequence of events in the Near East during the last
half of the second millennium BC.
This is a
well-articulated, thought-provoking text that is very enjoyable reading and
which should interest any avid reader of ancient history for scientific and
personal reasons alike.
The writer presents a
truthful, comprehensive presentation of his material - with no ulterior
motives. The primary sources used here go far beyond those used in
contemporary research; and his secondary sources, including the results of
modern research all the way up to the present, are applied and discussed to
an astonishing degree.
Ove von Spaeth's work -
the result of year-long efforts on partly unheeded problems up to now - not
only constitutes serious historical research, but is a vivid historiography
appealing both to scientific history research and ordinary readers interested in
history.

Leo Hjortsø, University Lecturer in Classical Philology, - of the
University of Copenhagen

A treatise by Ove von Spaeth, documenting an exact dating of the oldest
Egyptian star map - is described by BBC's Science editor, the British
astronomer Dr Sir Patrick Moore, as "... a major advance".
This special treatise was
published in "Centaurus International Magazine of the History of
Mathematics, Science and Technology" (vol. 42:3, July-August 2000, pp.
159-179) and is, by permission, published too in the Appendix of
Volume 2, presented here in an easy to read form in a Danish translation.
The following
experts have contributed with valuable corrective data and introduced their
input as follows:

"... The resulting date of Senmut's star map, objectively proven by the
author on an astronomical basis, adds, in my opinion, a considerable
contribution to the debate concerning the Egyptian chronology. ..."

Kr. Peder Moesgaard, D.Sc., Professor, History of Science
Department, Aarhus University; - Director of the Steno Museum, Denmark's
National Museum for the History of Science, Aarhus, Aarhus

_

"Without any knowledge of astronomy I am nevertheless convinced that from Egyptology's point of view the paper by Ove von Spaeth contains new and
valuable information concerning the date of Senmut's star map."

Erik Iversen, Dr.Phil.h.c., Egyptology, formerly of the University
of Copenhagen

P A R T 11: WHO WAS MOSES?11Background of the mystery. - The drama began in the royal family2: Revealing Moses' Identity 76Moses' royal ancestry. - The éminence gris behind Pharaoh's Daughter3: Moses Educated to Become a Pharaoh Prince
24Controversial archaeological find: entombment of Moses' wet nurse? 4: Moses' Astrological Burial Chamber 31The undiscovered message of the star charts: a key to Moses' Egyptian identity5: Moses - a Familiar Figure of Egyptian History
39The enigma of the Son of Pharaoh's Daughter. - Astonishing identical personal
relations

P A R T 26: SECRET ROYAL MARRIAGE - AND THE COUP53The beautiful royal princess. - Hatshepsut's coup. - Internal conspiracy against
Pharaoh7: Mystery of the Secret Tombs63The hidden royal tomb. - Grave site with the sacrificial killing of a substitute
king8: The Strategy of Magic Images and Names69Magic codes and magic names as a secret weapon9: The Power Struggle is Triggered with No Holds Barred77Assassination of the master key to Pharaoh's power.- And the murder of Moses'
wet nurse10: The Fateful Plot84The double-dealing of the high priest. - The brilliant protection scheme11: The Cunning Trap92The mysterious murder: was Moses guilty? - Moses is stripped of his royal symbol12: Role-switch Exploited in the Coup99The king's rejuvenation magic. - Moses as a stand-in royal sacrifice13: The Ritual Fratricide106Cosmic bad omen? - Fratricide in stand-in sacrifice? 14: Assassinating Moses111The sham execution where Moses cracks. - Magical invocation by blood

P A R T 315: THE ESCAPE119The mysterious death of the high priest. - The search party heads for Sinai16: The Most Extensive Eradication of Names in all history of
Egypt 126Name manipulation and destruction of images. - Was Moses' pharaoh-name stolen?
17: The Insidious Assumption of Power - and a Decisive Coup133"Pharaoh" as a royal designation was first used at the coup d'etat of Tuthmosis
III18: Words from the Tombs142The mysterious disappearance of Hatshepsut. - Manipulation of the list of kings19: Theft of Identity - Removing Traces of Moses 152Was Moses' knowledge used against him? - Disintegration by plagiarism20: Moses Rediscovered 160New knowledge about the first forty years of Moses' life. - The turning pointAPPENDICES: Blood and Magic 169 -
Star chart date 176 - Map 238

PREFACE BY AUTHOR: This re-evaluation of the time and status
of the historical Moses and the special inspirations behind his work - is based
on interdisciplinary scientific- and cultural historical research, connecting
archaeological findings, textual research, and astronomical dating - all being
evaluated in relation to the Bible, the Rabbinical Writings, and various
important authors of Antiquity.
Many handed-down sources
and findings have, for the first time, been put into a greater context all of
which should be judged in its entirety. The book is not based on
single sources or solitary decisions - rather,the focus is on the presentation
of a long string of clues and indications; these may be considered a "special
offer" to further research.
The book can be read
without previous scientific qualifications. It is not an attempt to present
Moses' "curriculum vitae", nor is it "documentary fiction", or a historical
account distributed in trendy reading form.
Annotations at the bottom
of pages or at special places have been left out in favour of coherence and
legibility. Instead, annotations have been continuously included in the
reading-matter. References of sources are given directly on the spot and may, as
you like, be passed over or used in further documentation just like summaries
and appendices. The intentional lack of other current annotation is compensated
for by a comprehensive bibliography with further substantiation of the
information given in the book. The bibliography has been divided into various
fields of subject matter in order to facilitate verification.
The British Egyptologist
Alan H. Gardiner's transcription of Egyptian names has been preferred.
Supplementary astronomical data are presented at the end of the book.

A number of researchers
and experts have from their separate fields of science most kindly contributed
with guidance, criticism, argumentation, and encouragement. Naturally, these
experts are not responsible for the way in which their information has been
used.

- New reality underlying the ancient traditions about Moses who was
originally an Egyptian pharaoh prince expelled as a claimant to the throne
and whose mysterious disappearance led to the ruin of his reputation ... Historians have
questioned how Moses could have left the Land of the Pharaohs without a
trace. Now, exciting new findings and substantial evidence indicate the
presence of Moses in Egypt 3,500 years ago.
New information, decoded
with the help of modern astronomical methods used on the world’s oldest star
map - found in 1927 in secret Egyptian burial facilities, at Luxor, -
presents accurate dating. This makes it possible to substantiate significant
material on Moses' existence in ancient Egypt during the 18th dynasty.
Moses was outmanoeuvred
by a well-planned ambush. Because of Moses' versatile brilliance and
personality he would probably have become one the greatest pharaohs of Egypt
- but another prince took power and systematically tried to destroy all
traces of his rival. Yet the subsequent absence of clues has caused
modern-day doubt and commotion about Moses' place in history.
The book is the first to
explore and develop the genuine Egyptian context with regard to Moses. Data
from archaeology, Egyptian astronomical records, and ancient inscriptions as
well as the Rabbinical Talmud texts show why the traditional concepts of
Moses' identity and fate need to be critically revised and re-examined. The
sources strongly indicate that Moses was a high-ranking leader among the
Egyptian elite - and offers a master key to uncover a large-scale political
intrigue at Pharaoh's court which led to Moses' exile. The "silent years" of
Moses' life can now be
revealed and heard.

In
the Volume 2 in the series on the historical Moses the events take
place at the golden era initiating when Pharaoh Tuthmosis I created the new
Greater Egypt - and at the pharaonic court Moses was brought up to be a
pharaoh later. This was the situation because he had a special status in
connection with important circumstances at his birth - in a far more unusual
way than hitherto assumed.
The findings from Ove von
Spaeth's thorough, detailed research demonstrate a new reality behind the
antiquity traditions of Moses: originally an Egyptian Pharaoh Prince with
whom everything finally went differently - because of the fact that Moses by
a coup was expelled as a candidate for the throne, and after his mysterious
disappearance his reputation became destroyed by enemies at court ... Later
he unsuccessfully tried to regain the throne and eventually became a leader
for the Hebrew immigrants now seeking new land.
The powerful priesthood
"removed" him as heir of the throne, he was made the great political
scapegoat, and a genuine mock execution of him was carried through, and
finally his name was ordered to disappear from the records, statues, etc.
Today, our enlarged
information basis making us able to know all this and on the basis of the
ancient sources of the 'Rabbinical Writings', now Moses has become further
identified as being the mightiest man in Egypt next to Pharaoh. Actually
Moses held the post of deputy, i.e. the Pharaoh's substitute and was given
also exactly all those high offices normally held by a crown prince/heir to
the throne.
New insights about Moses' identity and mystery:
On the improved base now
appears these essential questions:- Why had Moses disappeared many years
before the Exodus?
- Has Moses' secret burial chambers in Egypt been
found?
- Which high-ranking Egyptian had an identity like
Moses?
- Did Moses know about history's oldest known star
map?
- Which scriptures mention how the execution of
Moses was faked? The research
presented in the book builds upon more recent archaeological findings, in
conjunction with additional evidence from an array of sources.The contents
present data from archaeology, and results by improved reliability of dating
techniques achieved from Egyptian astronomical records, as well as
historical information in ancient Rabbinical Talmud texts - among others -
all of which strongly indicate that Moses was a high-ranking Egyptian from
the 18th dynasty.
The book offers a master
key to uncover a large-scale political intrigue at Pharaoh’s court which led
to Moses' exile from Egypt. The historical impact of this evidence is
considerable and needs now to be taken into account.
"The Enigmatic Son of
Pharaoh's Daughter" sheds more light on the Assassination of Moses: - Was
Moses a mythical figure, or did important elements of modern biblical
research 'murder history'? - A discovery of controversial information has
now revealed heretofore obscure evidence of Moses' historical existence and
new facts to explain his dramatic fate.

After the attempt: now a fabricated mythical figure Precedents show that when
the probable location of the ancient city of Troy was discovered by
Schliemann on the basis of clues in Homer's ancient texts, his assertion was
long regarded with suspicion by science and scholarship. This even though it
was possible to substantiate the accounts - that were widely regarded as
myths - with significant archaeological evidence to form a more tangible
historical perspective. This same type of reservation has long been
propounded against the Moses story.Assassinating Moses
- carried out by his peers within the Egyptian opposition, and later on
partly by Bible editors of ancient times - indeed seems to have been
repeated in modern times by certain new schools of research that have made
Moses a "fabricated mythical figure".
But the presented study's thoroughly argued verification precisely demonstrates that a
vast multitude of archaeological and textual hints, facts and evidence can
be presented and are "far greater than necessary for winning a lawsuit". For
example, data from the world's oldest star map and other more recent and
older finds contribute to a new perspective and to improving uncertain
dating techniques.
. . .
By tracing, compiling and
presenting exceptional knowledge from research, finds and archives, the
author produces important documents. They harbour a historically astonishing
Moses account, an account that has a different, more logical context than
previously assumed. A well documented drama of reality. A drama in which the
'scapegoat' syndrome, officially used in a ritualized version, emerges in
several historical circumstances.
The unique material is
made accessible in a form so it can be read without the need for scientific
qualifications.

Exciting documentation - for the first time in aggregate form The book provides
for the first time an entire documentation from ancient sources and the
material from archaeology presenting Moses as an Egyptian prince, actually
that he was the son of Pharaoh's Daughter and as such intended to be
Pharaoh.
His mother, the true
Pharaoh's Daughter, was the later Queen Hatshepsut - and the striking
evidence indicates that she gave him birth in February 1534 BC. She is
remarkable by managing to crown herself to be Pharaoh - obviously showing a
strong attempt to protect the son's candidacy for the pharaoh title.
The biblical character
Jethro who became Moses' father-in-law, was according to indications in the
'Rabbinical Writings' a senior member of the royal family and holding the
river-god title Iteru - he is the biblical Jethro. But Moses had a
half-brother whom his (step)father, Pharaoh Tuthmosis II, had with a harem
woman. The half-brother got Moses removed in order to make himself ruling,
later under the name of Tuthmosis (III).
However, this
Hatshepsut's outmanoeuvered son is not any longer known or as being
connected under the name of Moses. In the history of Egypt he is best known
as being named Senmut or Senenmut (Egyptian for "the mother's
brother") and seems to have been actually a polymath.
Very early he achieves
the high-level positions as a royal deputy and minister of finances and
taxes, and even an army general. But he is also a brilliant architect - all
of which the book has documented from investigations of the grandiose
buildings as well as inside the tomb constructions which Senmut had made
both for his mother (the queen) and for himself. (However, the other books
of the series can be read independently of these discoveries and without
perceiving Moses being in the described role of a crown prince).
. . .
The considerable number
of clues from the writers of antiquity and the greatly enhanced knowledge of
the archaeological findings significantly contributes to identify whom in
ancient Egypt could be the person who since became known as Moses. As will
be seen, a brilliantly intelligent person who's position was sabotaged by
envious persons - among which a very clever competitor, but the groups
apparently also counting a number of mediocrities - a problem well-known
through history.
The reader is presented
with an extensive series of specific parallels between Senmut and Moses,
which directly indicates that it could be one and the same person. The most
conspicuous point is that they disappear from Egyptian history at the very
same time. What happened? When the priesthood established a plot they found
a useful tool in the later Tuthmosis III who according to his inscriptions
had been a priest before he made his entry to the historical arena.

The ritual for royal infants Many interesting
traces point to the presence of a special ritual for royal infants, all of
which just seems fitting the case that the infant prince, Moses, had come
floating on the river, then to be placed in the care of a wet nurse at
court.
And actually, the one who
seems to have been Senmut/Moses' nurse was found as a mummy by Egyptologists
in 1936! Husband and wife were buried as royal foster parents.
In Senmut/Moses' own tomb
a valuable star map is found installed, it is unique in its specification of
the celestial bodies' arrangement, which directly leads to confirm also the
date on which Moses was born, all in accordance to Rabbinic ancient texts of
knowledge traditions.

Moses as a political refugee
Queen Hatshepsut who
proclaimed herself Pharaoh followed, in 1493 BC, the Hep Sed Festival
tradition as the Egyptian kings used to do by celebrating this so-called
renewal anniversary. The hostility of the priesthood culminated here. Moses,
now almost at the age of 40, was accused of murder. A brief version of this
intrigue is mentioned in the Bible (Exodus 2:11-14). However, the 'Rabbinical
Writings' show a fully prepared situation, a regular frame-up by which two
Hebrew men trapped Moses and testified against him.
First, both Moses' nurse
and foster-father are eradicated; and then the situation also hits Moses.
According to the Bible, Moses had to flee because of the apparent death of
an Egyptian 'slave bailiff' - it was the mentioned, arranged trap and in
Egypt there was death penalty for attacking a person who - according to
indications in the 'Rabbinical Writings' - was also pharaoh's herald. But the
assassination appears as fictitious; and so does the ritual execution of
Moses. Behind the events all this is naturally connected with the rituals
mainly dealing with the "king renewal magic through substitute victim".
Moses had, thus, in worst
case to be presented as substitute-sacrificed so that the king - the new
Pharaoh Tuthmosis III - could appear renewed, full of vigour. The ritual is
strengthened by also by being linked with the ritual fratricide with
references to both Cain-Abel and Osiris-Seth.
. . .
However, Moses'
precautionary measures against being killed had instead resulted in a
symbolic execution. Here he lost his high-ranking posts and was in fact
banned. This should hinder him from trying to resume of his candidacy to the
throne. He had to escape from Egypt immediately as outlawed, and his
official identity as a prince, the Son of Pharaoh's Daughter, and candidate
to the throne was destroyed as a consequence of the symbolic execution and
its attached magic curse. All traces of him were also to be deleted.
Senmut/Moses is then
fleeing - but not initially directly to the north as the impression the
Bible may offer. So, he did not immediately go to the Sinai but - according
to the 'Rabbinical Writings' - he escaped to Ethiopia/Nubia (Sudan) first. By
this he avoided the new pharaoh Pharaoh Tuthmosis (III)'s persecution
expedition at Sinai. In the south of Egypt he performed other heroic deeds,
while the same Tuthmosis was looking for him in the north. And then the
iconoclastic riot takes place: statues crushed - especially those depicting
Senmut, but then many of Hatshepsut - inscriptions are cut off and re-texted
now when Tuthmosis (III) had replaced the excluded prince, Moses.
Hatshepsut's powers were
partly taken over by young Tuthmosis III who was Moses' "half-brother".
Eventually - by a historically well-known coup in 1488/1487 BC - this new
Pharaoh seized the complete power from Hatshepsut, who was also his father's
sister, his mother-in-law, as well as his pro forma step-mother. She died at
some time later under strange and still unexplained circumstances.

Synthesis How will an acceptable
identification of Moses as a historical person be? After the long life and the
death of the real Moses, the long aftermath of his enormous efforts resulted
in his transformation among the later Jews to a heroic figure suitable for
their ideal. From this projection he later became a cliché among church
theologians – and again, later by present researchers he has been re-defined
to fit into a further alienated perception: in this was the historical Moses
became a “literary” Moses and eventually a non-existing Moses – according to
certain ideas.
The brilliant person was
displaced from Egypt, when he was 40, - and as much as possible were
destroyed of everything reminding of him: names, pictures, records. All in a
conspicuously, extensive amount. Information about him which only survived in
the Bible, is insufficient to disclose his Egyptian background. He had
really disappeared, and his identity had been destroyed to his surroundings
as if the magic curse of the symbolic execution had come true.
This dramatic change
seems to have been the very turning point in his life as well as in his
condition - and became a new starting point for his later deeds regarding
the Israelites' exodus from Egypt.
. . .
The extensive and exiting
material collected in the book makes it perfectly clear that point after
point of the biblical Moses narrative and its closely connected texts in the
'Rabbinical Writings' prove more plausible than previously to be considered
possible. In particular this is striking when the 'Rabbinical Writings' and
ancient writers' information about Moses are being analyzed and evaluated
together with finds and results from archaeology and Egyptology. In addition
astronomical dating based on information incorporated in the oldest Egyptian
star map even demonstrates the chronology to fit exactly in accordance with
Jewish sources.
The now disclosed
material leads directly into a surprisingly dramatic course: magic
protection strategies, secret tombs, substitute victims, liquidations,
executed statutes of kings, hidden name codes, coup d'états, poisonings, and
manipulations with the list of kings - and also with, consequently, the
perception of history ...

* *

- More about the contents:
Information points concerning this Volume
2 of the series
"Assassinating Moses"

Documentation of the dating of Senmut's star map. The scientific treatise by Ove
von Spaeth published in "Centaurus" (Vol.42;3, 2000, pp. 159-179) was later
re-edited to be used by readers without "professional" astronomical knowledge.
This to be presented in connection with Ove von Spaeth's Moses-research - then being added as a special Appendix to vol. 2 of his present book-series on
Moses.
From a hitherto unknown
level of the astronomical knowledge by ancient Egyptians, in a high-level era of
1550-1450 BC, an opportunity now turns out concerning the ability of discovering
new and surprising information contained in Egypt's oldest star map. The star
map in question constitutes the adornment of a tomb construction which belonged
to the grand vizier and calendar chief of Queen Hatshepsut, approx. 3,500 years
ago, under the 18th dynasty. Also, it is the world's oldest star map.
According to the
presented analysis, the star-map reveals to contain information of an actual
celestial event of its time. This recent discovery uncovers thus the earliest
exact scientific description of an otherwise rare but not unknown celestial
phenomenon. The findings can be exposed, for instance, as the following summary:

"The study concludes as follows: The Senmut map depicts an exceptional
event in the sky. This seems to have produced a prototype for all later
pictures of similar celestial events - but with one exception: In the
first depiction, in the time of Senmut, Mars is retrograde in the west
when the other planets assemble around Sirius in the east.
So far has been
demonstrated: 1) The Senmut maps contain a cosmological and
astro-mythological expression not only as decoration - as hitherto
assumed - but also as a picture of a particular and unique situation in the sky. - 2) This configuration of the sky can be exactly dated: 1534
BC.
In addition the star maps
may contribute to a much better dating of their creator Senmut and also
of the contemporary Egyptian pharaohs."

The further achievements of the research yields twofold:
a) presenting an
able method of dating other similar star maps produced through the ages of
Egypt;
b) the very
discovery that other star maps, too, e.g. by Ramses II, are constructed
according to similar systems containing information reflecting their exact
dating.
As an extra gain the
especially important era of ancient history (Egypt's 18th dynasty period) is now
to be set free of the limbo of non-fixation of its exact time.

By these results it is
our wish to offer special thanks for the consultations concerning original
corrections for respectively the astronomy concept and the Egyptian texts:
- Kristian Peder Moesgaard, D.Sc., Professor, History of Science Department,
Aarhus University; - Director of the Steno Museum, Denmark's National Museum for the History of Science, Aarhus;
and to:
- Erik Iversen, Dr.Phil.h.c., Egyptology, formerly of the University of
Copenhagen.

A special treasure of knowledge and wisdom
of Greece, Rome, and the Renaissance had originated in Ancient Egypt -
and was here known to connect also with the historical Moses' dramatic
fate and mystery.
Ove von Spaeth has
written an intriguing, new-orientating work presenting this still
influential background of our civilization. • His interdisciplinary
research on history, archaeology, and anthropology goes deeply into
Egyptian tradition, history of religion, initiation cults, star-knowledge,
and mythology - relating to biblical studies, the Rabbinical Writings,
and the authors of Antiquity. • Each volume offers unique insights not
presented before.
Special information is
presented by clicking on the individual cover illustrations: