5G : History, Background and Issues

The 5G is not yet defined and is not official, but the term is used to describe the next generation successor to 4G in some newspapers and documents. The 5G, as already mentioned by manufacturers of electronics, could emerge around 2020. A new mobile generation has appeared approximately every 10th year since the first 1G system since 1981.

Many issues are identified or approached, including:

Economic Issues

Many players see this as an emerging market, potentially rich new applications and opportunities; 5G for example, could allow new digital applications in various fields such as health (automatic or remote diagnosis, remote controlled surgery and medication), work (telework), the deployment of smart devices, sensors and sensors of e-commerce and of smart grids, artificial intelligence, security (remote protection, flow management, control of vehicles, food, goods and services in real time ) and access to information.

Ethical issues

Questions ethical news, and technical challenges and sustainability arise regarding the management and governance of the bandwidth, also possible adverse effects of very high speed can create issue in security in computer networks, financial flows, banking and stock management, information storage, which will tend to grow a lot or even become viral and the other part is privacy protection.

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Environmental issues

Some questions remain on uncertainties in terms of the effects of increasing the number and power of antennas and relay in terms of electromagnetic smog and environmental health and for possible effects of high-speed on the human psyche. An energy challenge is to achieve better energy efficiency. This implies the need of more intelligent, clean, safe and simple means to supply mobile devices for the entire Internet .

Technical challenges

Many challenges must be met, ranging from lower consumption, even of autonomy in the management of big data and a large number of IP.

Research & Development on 5G

All the major telecommunications operators interested in the subject as well as the large institutions and many nations – for example the European Union has financed major programs for 5G now. On 12 May 2013, Samsung announced that for the first time tested techniques successfully for 5G which they have plan to launch for 2020, with data handling rates from 1 Gb/s (1 gigabit per second) up to 10 Gb/s. In July 2014, Ericsson demonstrated a pre-release of the 5G technology. The telecommunication company had then reached a rate of 5Gb/s speed by that time.

In 2015, the Centre of the University of Surrey in Britain, announced that they have achieved a speed of 1 Tb/s (1 terabit per second) speed.

Large companies and networks of researchers trying to imagine and prefigure a green 5G, that will have less carbon footprint and environmentally friendly, technical progress has always been offset or exceeded by the “rebound effect” induced by the increase in uses and users and by the planned obsolescence of certain devices.