Putin unveiled the stunning catalogue of doomsday machines in his annual state-of-the-nation speech, saying that Russia had to build them to counter the potential threat posed by the U.S. missile defence system.

And in a touch of dark humour, he invited Russians to join a Defence Ministry contest to name some of the weapons.

It wasn’t immediately possible to assess whether the weapons could do what Putin said or how ready they are for deployment, but they would represent a major technological breakthrough that could dramatically bolster Russia’s military capability, boost its global position and trigger a new arms race.

Pentagon spokeswoman Dana White said the Defence Department isn’t surprised by Putin’s claims of new nuclear weapons, adding that the U.S. military is prepared to defend the nation.

White told Pentagon reporters that U.S. missile defence has never been about Russia.

Washington has consistently argued that missile defence systems in Europe aren’t aimed at Moscow but designed instead to defend against threats from Iran, North Korea and rogue threats.

Putin has shrugged off those arguments and said Thursday that the U.S. plans to develop its missile defence system would “eventually devalue the Russian nuclear arsenal if we sit with our arms folded.”

Russian President Vladimir Putin walks before his annual state of the nation address in Manezh in Moscow, Russia, Thursday, March 1, 2018. (Maxim Shemetov/Pool Photo via AP)

He said the U.S. has underestimated Russia’s ability to mount a response, aiming for a “unilateral military advantage that could eventually allow it to dictate its terms in other areas.”

The United States should now revise its Russia policy and engage in a serious dialogue on global security, he said.

"You will have to assess that new reality and become convinced that what I was said today isn't a bluff. It's not a bluff, you trust me." - Russian President Vladimir Putin

He said the creation of the new weapons has made NATO’s U.S.-led missile defence “useless,” putting an end to what he described as years of Western efforts to sidetrack and weaken Russia.

“I want to tell all those who have fueled the arms race over the last 15 years, sought to win unilateral advantages over Russia, introduced unlawful restrictions and sanctions aimed to contain our country’s development: All what you wanted to impede with your policies has now happened,” he said. “You have failed to contain Russia.”

Journalists watch as Russian President Vladimir Putin gives his annual state of the nation address in Manezh in Moscow, Russia, Thursday, March 1, 2018. (AP Photo/Alexander Zemlianichenko)

Putin’s dramatic announcement comes as he seeks another six-year term on March 18, an election he is expected to win easily.

His address was accompanied by videos and computer simulations of the new weapons, shown on giant screens at a conference hall near the Kremlin. The audience of senior officials and lawmakers broke into applause, giving him a standing ovation at one point.

“No one else in the world has anything like that,” Putin said. “It may appear someday, but by that time, we will develop something new.”

He said the nuclear-powered cruise missile, which was tested last fall, has a “practically unlimited” range, and its high speed and manoeuvrability allow it to pierce any missile defence.

The high-speed underwater drone also has an “intercontinental” range and is capable of slamming a nuclear warhead into both aircraft carriers and coastal facilities, he said. Its “very big” operational depth and a speed that is many times faster than any other vessel would make it immune to being intercepted by the enemy, he added.

Another new weapon, called Avangard, is an intercontinental hypersonic missile that would fly at 20 times the speed of sound and strike its targets “like a meteorite, like a fireball,” he said.

Russian President Vladimir Putin gives his annual state of the nation address in Manezh in Moscow, Russia, Thursday, March 1, 2018.

The weapon is capable of performing sharp manoeuvrs on its way to targets, making it “absolutely invulnerable for any missile defence system,” Putin added.

Robert Schmucker, a rocket scientist at the Technical University of Munich, voiced skepticism about Putin’s statement, saying in an interview that building nuclear-powered cruise missiles in particular would be technically difficult and basically pointless.

“Why make something complicated when you can make it easy?” he said, adding that he also doubts that Russia has succeeded in building hypersonic missiles.

"All what you wanted to impede with your policies have already happened. You have failed to contain Russia." - Russian President Vladimir Putin

Tom Plant, director of proliferation and nuclear policy at the defence think-tank RUSI, also said he was not sure how much of the announcement to believe.

Russian President Vladimir Putin gives his annual state of the nation address in Manezh in Moscow, Russia, Thursday, March 1, 2018. (Maxim Shemetov/Pool Photo via AP)

Plant added that while “Russia already has a ton of systems that can threaten and overwhelm U.S. missile defences,” Putin’s announcement reflects his country’s concern that the U.S. missile shield could grow powerful enough to become a game-changer.

“The Russians have a genuine worry from their perspective about where U.S. missile defence might go,” Plant said. “So it totally makes sense for them to try and find ways to defeat not what it is now, but what it may become.”

"No one has listened to us. You listen to us now." - Russian President Vladimir Putin

Putin said that Russia also tested a new heavy intercontinental ballistic missile, called Sarmat, which can fly over both the North and the South poles to reach any target. He said it can carry more warheads than the world’s heaviest ICBM, the Soviet-designed missile known in the West as Satan.

To complete the list, he mentioned a smaller hypersonic missile that is already operational and has a range of more than 2,000 kilometres (1,250 miles) and a new laser weapon.

Putin emphasized that the new weapons were designed in full compliance to the U.S.-Russian arms control agreements, adding that Russian military experts and diplomats would be ready to discuss new weapons systems with their U.S. counterparts.

“We aren’t threatening anyone, we aren’t going to attack anyone, we aren’t going to take anything from anyone,” he said. “The growing Russian military power will guarantee global peace.”