Caliph

The Caliph (خليفة‎; khalīfah) is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the IslamicUmmah (body of Muslim believers).

According to Islamic theology, the first four successors of Prophet Muhammad were the "Rightly-Guided Caliphs" (Khulafaa-e-Rashidun). They were all Sahabahs who were extremely close to Muhammad, and are therefore considered by Muslims to be model Islamic leaders who ruled in accord with the Qur'an and Sunnah.[1] The first four Caliphs were; Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali.