Carlisle played games against college football's "Big Four" (Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Penn) and nearly defeated Yale. The New York Times reported on a run by Isaac Seneca that nearly won the game against Yale:

"Seneca was given the ball to go through the centre. He got through with one or two Yale men hanging on to him. Then he squirmed and shook off the Yale men, dodged a man or two, and, making a splendid run down the field, made what was thought to be a touchdown. Nearly all on the grounds shouted themselves hoarse. Men waved their hats in the air, pretty gals clapped their hands ..."[1]

However, the referee waved off the touchdown, ruling that Seneca was "down" when the Yale players hung on to him. The New York Times wrote the next day that the referee had made the wrong call and that Carlisle had been robbed of a touchdown, but the game went into the record books as a 12–6 win for Yale.[1]

1.
Carlisle Indians football
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The Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in intercollegiate football competition. The program was active from 1893 until 1917, when it was discontinued, during the programs 25 years, the Indians compiled a 167–88–13 record and 0.647 winning percentage, which makes it the most successful defunct major college football program. During the early 20th century, Carlisle was a football powerhouse. Several notable players and coaches were associated with the team, including Pop Warner, the Carlisle Indian Industrial School was founded in 1879 by an American cavalry officer, Richard Henry Pratt, in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Its purpose was to facilitate the assimilation of the Native American population into mainstream American society, in 1893, the Indians played their first season recognized by the NCAA. The Indians were consistently outsized by the teams they scheduled, and they in turn relied on speed, carlisles playbook gave rise to many trick plays and other innovations that are now commonplace in American football. The overhand spiral throw and hand-off fake are both credited to Carlisle, other strategems caused the National Collegiate Athletic Association to institute rules specifically prohibiting them. In 1903, an Indian team coached by Pop Warner first employed its infamous hidden-ball play against heavily favored Harvard, Warner, as coach at Cornell, had already used it against Penn State in 1897, but it had not achieved much notice. Carlisle led Harvard at halftime, and hoping to keep the games momentum, Harvard executed the kick, and the Indians formed a circle around the returner. With the aid of a specially altered jersey, the ball was placed up the back of the returner, the Indians broke the huddle and spread out in different directions. Each player feigned carrying the ball, except Dillon, the man with the ball up the back of his jersey, the ruse confused the Crimson players, and they scrambled to find the ball carrier. Dillon, with both his hands free, was ignored by the searching Harvard players, and he ran unmolested into the end zone, with the score, Carlisle extended its lead to 11–0, but Harvard came back and eventually won 12–11. Nevertheless, the match, and trick play, resulted in national attention. Warner had learned the trick from John Heisman while facing Auburn in 1895 during his tenure as coach of the Georgia Bulldogs, in 1907, Jim Thorpe, undersized even for the Indians, persuaded Warner to allow him to try out for the team. Thorpe immediately impressed his coach and secured a position on the team. On October 26,1907, Jim Thorpe and Carlisle trounced a powerful University of Pennsylvania team, 26–6, after graduating from Carlisle, he went on to stardom in numerous athletic endeavors, including as an Olympic athlete and professional player in football, baseball, and basketball. In 1911, the Indians posted an 11–1 record, which included one of the greatest upsets in football history. Against Harvard, Thorpe scored all of the Indians points in an upset over the period powerhouse

2.
Bill Hickok (American football)
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William Orville Wild Bill Hickok III was an American football player and industrialist. After his athletic career, he became the president of his familys manufacturing business, Hickok was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, to William Orville Hickok, Jr. and Louisa Harrison Anderson Hickok. The family was prominent in Harrisburg civic life through his grandfathers machinery business, Bill played guard at Yale and was twice selected as an All-American. In addition, he set records in the put and hammer throw for the track team. After completing his studies, Hickok returned to Pennsylvania, in 1896 he was asked by another Yale graduate from Harrisburg, Vance McCormick, to coach the football team McCormick had organized at the nearby Carlisle Indian School. The team went 5-5 against a schedule that included the leading Ivy League powers. For the game against his alma mater, Hickok also served as a referee along with a provided by the Yale side. However, Hickok blew his whistle to call it back on the grounds that the play was dead prior to the handoff, one newspaper covering the contest would compare his action to that of a corrupt Indian agent. Other than serving as an assistant coach at Yale, Hickok spent most of his life in Harrisburg. He married Avis Cochran and eventually served as president of the Hickok Manufacturing Company, after his death in 1933, the position passed to his brother Ross. The Real All Americans, The Team That Changed a Game, a People, to correct the error copied from p.55 of Jenkins that the 1896 record was 6-4 when it was actually 5-5. Jenkins appears to have accepted the erroneous score of the 1896 Carlisle-Brown game on p.21 of Steckbeck, Hickok profile — College Football Hall of Fame Ross A. Hickok papers index — Pennsylvania State Archives

3.
Bemus Pierce
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Bemus Pierce was an American football player and coach. He played as a guard in the 1890s and 1900s and he also played for the All-Syracuse team in 1902, the first indoor professional football team. Pierce served as the football coach at the University of Buffalo in 1899, at the Carlisle Indian School in 1906. Bemus Pierce, a member of the Seneca nation, was born on February 23 or 28,1873 on the Cattaraugus Reservation, Erie County and he married Annie Gesis, a fellow Carlisle student, also from Cattaraugus, in April 1899 in the local Episcopal Church. He attended the Carlisle Indian School where he played on the first great Carlisle football teams from 1894 to 1897, Pierce was a large player for the 1890s at six-feet, one and one-half inches, and 225 pounds. He was selected as captain of the Carlisle football teams of 1895,1896 and he also became Carlisles first All-American as a lineman in 1896. In an 1896 game between Carlisle and Illinois played in Chicago, Pierce returned three kick-offs for touchdowns, at Carlisle, Pierce was teammates with his brother Hawley Pierce. The two brothers, each weighing over 200 pounds, were both among the best players of their day. In 1906, The Washington Post declared them the greatest pair of brothers in the history of the sport, But the greatest pair of brother linesmen were the Indians. Bemus Pierce and Hawley Pierce were right guard and left tackle in the Carlisle line in the old days when the redskin booters of the prolate had everything in the country scared, two hundred pounds apiece they weighed, and they won games for their team in 97. Tackle back and guard back for a half was the Indian play. Bemus was captain of the team and one of the best men on the football has seen. He could measure and place his kicks accurately and every red knew where the ball was going before it soared, during a game against Penn, Pierce faced off against Alfred E. Bull. Bull and Pierce faced each other on the line throughout the game, and on a late in the game Pierce sent Bull to the ground. After the play, Pierce cried out to the Penn players, Pierce played with his brothers, Jerry and Hawley, on the same team. Bemus Pierce scaled nearly 225 pounds, but he was tall, despite his great bulk he was fast as a streak, and no line player of recent years has shown more real ability. Bemus in the opinion of Princeton and Harvard opponents, was one of the greatest linemen that ever stood on a football field, Foster Sanford agrees with this and Foster knows a lineman when he sees one. Pierce went on to professional football in the early years of the sport

4.
Carlisle Indian Industrial School
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All of the school property, known as the Carlisle Barracks, is now a part of the U. S. Army War College. Founded in 1879 by Captain Richard Henry Pratt under authority of the US federal government, in this period, many people believed that Amerindians, a population that was numerically declining, were a vanishing race whose only hope for survival was rapid assimilation to American culture. After witnessing the success of the Indian students at Hampton Normal and Agricultural School, General Richard Henry Pratt decided to establish the first all Indian school, Carlisle. Carlisle was built out of a military barracks. Like Hampton, upon arrival at Carlisle students’ hair were cut, however, nlike Hampton, whose purpose was to return assimilated educated Indians to their people, Carlisle meant to turn the school into the ultimate Americanizer. At Carlisle, Pratt attempted to Kill the Indian, Save the Man through any means necessary, beyond a typical military regimen, Pratt was known to use corporal punishment on students who exhibited Native behaviors to help students become only dependent on themselves. Carlisle became the model for 26 Bureau of Indian Affairs boarding schools in 15 states and territories and it has been designated a National Historic Landmark. From 1879 until 1918, over 10,000 Native American children from 140 tribes attended Carlisle, however, according to one source, tribes with the largest number of students included the Lakota, Ojibwe, Seneca, Oneida, Cherokee, Apache, Cheyenne, and Alaska Native. The Carlisle Indian School exemplified Progressive Era values, some Native Americans believed Carlisle provided an excellent education. Since the 1970s, Native American nations have taken control of the education of their children and started their own schools. At the same time, more Native Americans are living in urban environments, Pratts Fort Marion experiment was becoming influential. Distinguished visitors began to visit from all over the country, Commissioner of education came to see firsthand what Pratt was doing, and so did the president of Amherst College. Pratts Fort Marion program convinced him that distant education was the way to totally assimilate the Indian. He wrote, the Indian is born a blank, like all the rest of us, transfer the savage born infant to the surroundings of a civilization and he will grow to possess a civilized language and habit. Witmer writes, If all men are created equal, then why were blacks segregated in separate regiments, why werent all men given equal opportunities and allowed to assume their rightful place in society. Race became a meaningless abstraction in his mind, Pratt believed an industrial school model similar to Hampton would be useful for educating and assimilating Native Americans. Give me three hundred young Indians and a place in one of our best communities, and let me prove it, Carlisle Barracks in Pennsylvania, has been abandoned for a number of years. It is in the heart of fine agricultural country, the people are kindly disposed, and long free from the universal border prejudice against Indians

5.
Isaac Seneca
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Isaac Seneca, Jr. was an All-American football player for the Carlisle Indian Industrial School. He was selected as an All-American halfback on the 1899 College Football All-America Team and he was the first Carlisle player and the first American Indian to be selected as an All-American. He was born in 1874 on the Cattaraugus Reservation in New York, Seneca was a member of the Seneca tribe who grew up on the Cattaraugus Reservation in western New York State. Seneca played football for Carlisle from 1896 to 1899 and 1901, the first Carlisle football team was formed in 1895, and Seneca was the schools first All-American—nearly a decade before Jim Thorpe began playing for the school. In 1896, Carlisle played games against college footballs Big Four, the New York Times reported on a run by Seneca that nearly won the game against Yale, Seneca was given the ball to go through the centre. He got through one or two Yale men hanging on to him. Then he squirmed and shook off the Yale men, dodged a man or two, and, making a run down the field, made what was thought to be a touchdown. Nearly all on the grounds shouted themselves hoarse, men waved their hats in the air, pretty gals clapped their hands. However, the referee waved off the touchdown, ruling that Seneca was down when the Yale players hung on to him. The New York Times wrote the day that the referee had made the wrong call and that Carlisle had been robbed of a touchdown. Isaac Senecas brother, Victor Seneca, also played for Carlisle, on the train returning from a game against the University of Pennsylvania in 1897, Victor was killed when he put his head out the window of the train and was struck by a telegraph pole. In 1899, Glenn Pop Warner was hired as the football coach. In Warners first season at Carlisle, the Carlisle team faced a schedule, playing games against top opponents and traveling to games in New York, Philadelphia, Phoenix. The 1899 Carlisle team posted an 8-2 record and was ranked fourth in the nation, Carlisle defeated Columbia 42-0 in a game played in Manhattan on Thanksgiving Day 1899 with 10,000 fans in attendance. Seneca was the star of the game, having two runs of 30 yards and another of 40 yards, a press account of the game said, The Indians were in prime physical condition and bore through the Columbia line and skirted the ends at will. At least eight times the Carlisle backs got around the ends for runs of thirty to sixty yards, most of these runs were made by Seneca and Miller. At the end of the 1899 season, Seneca was elected as captain of the 1900 team, after the regular season, the Carlisle team accepted an invitation to play the University of California in San Francisco on Christmas Day. He never had an idea that he would see the Pacific Ocean, in that trip he had learned more of the geography of the country than he could have learned from books

6.
Dickinson College
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Dickinson College is a private, residential liberal arts college in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, United States. They donated much of their personal libraries to the new college. With over 250 full-time faculty members and an enrollment of nearly 2,400 students, Dickinson has been recognized for its innovative curriculum and its approach to global education has received national recognition from the American Council on Education and NAFSA, Association of International Educators. The college was among six institutions profiled in depth in 2003 by NAFSA for Outstanding Campus Internationalization, in 2010, Dickinson received The Climate Leadership Award from the organization Second Nature for innovative and advanced leadership in education for sustainability…. Typically, Dickinson receives approximately 6,000 applications for its 615 spaces, upon successful completion of both portions of the program, students receive the B. S. degree from Dickinson in their chosen field and the B. S. in engineering from the engineering school. The Dickinson School of Law is located adjacent to the campus and was founded as its law department. It received an independent charter in 1890 and ended all affiliation with the college in 1917, in 2000 the Law School merged with the Pennsylvania State University. The Carlisle Grammar School was founded in 1773 as a frontier Latin school for males in western Pennsylvania. Within years Carlisles elite, especially James Wilson and John Montgomery, were pushing for development of the school as a college, as their conversation about founding a frontier college in Carlisle took place on his porch, Binghams Porch was long a rallying cry at Dickinson. Rush intended to name the college after the President of Pennsylvania John Dickinson and his wife Mary Norris Dickinson, proposing John, the Dickinsons had given the new college an extensive library which they jointly owned, one of the largest libraries in the colonies. The name Dickinson College was chosen instead, when founded, its location west of the Susquehanna River made it the westernmost college in the United States. For the first meeting of the trustees, held in April 1784, the trustees selected Dr. Charles Nisbet D. D. A Scottish minister and scholar, to serve as the Colleges first president and he arrived and began to serve on July 4,1785, serving until his unexpected death in 1804. A combination of financial troubles and faculty led to a college closing from 1816 to 1821. In 1832, when the trustees were unable to resolve a faculty curriculum dispute, the law school dates to 1833. It became a separate school 1890, although the law school, the law school is now affiliated with the Pennsylvania State University. Among the 18th-century graduates of Dickinson were Robert Cooper Grier and Roger Brooke Taney, who later became U. S. Supreme Court justices, during the 19th century, two noted Dickinson College alumni had prominent roles in the years leading up to the Civil War. They were James Buchanan, the 15th President of the United States, Taney led the Supreme Court in its ruling on the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision, which held that Congress could not prohibit slavery in federal territories, overturning the Missouri Compromise

7.
Carlisle, Pennsylvania
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Carlisle is a borough in and the county seat of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States. The name is pronounced as in British English with emphasis on the second syllable /kɑːrˈlaɪl/. Carlisle is located within the Cumberland Valley, a productive agricultural region. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,682. Including suburbs in the townships,37,695 live in the Carlisle urban cluster. Carlisle is an exurb of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, to the east, Carlisle is the slightly smaller principal city of the Harrisburg−Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Cumberland, Dauphin, and Perry counties in South Central Pennsylvania. In 2010, Forbes rated Carlisle and Harrisburg the second-best place to raise a family, the U. S. Army War College, located at the Carlisle Barracks, prepares high-level military personnel and civilians for strategic leadership responsibilities. Carlisle Barracks ranks among the oldest U. S. Army installations, Carlisle Barracks is home of the United States Army Military Heritage Museum. Carlisle also hosts Dickinson College and Penn State Dickinson School of Law, aholds U. S. headquarters are in Carlisle. American pioneer John Armstrong Sr. laid the plan for the settlement of Carlisle in 1751 and he fathered John Armstrong Jr. who was born in Carlisle in 1758. Scots-Irish immigrants settled in Carlisle and farmed the Cumberland Valley and they named the settlement after its sister town of Carlisle, Cumbria, England, and even built its former jailhouse to resemble The Citadel in Carlisle, Cumbria. In 1757, Colonel Commandant John Stanwix—for whom Fort Stanwix in upstate New York is named—–made his headquarters in Carlisle, Stanwix had sat in Parliament as Member for Carlisle during the 1740s. Later during the French and Indian Wars, the Forbes Expedition organized in Carlisle in 1758, and Henry Bouquet organized an expedition there for Pontiacs War, Carlisle served as a munitions depot during the American Revolutionary War. The depot was developed into the United States Army War College at Carlisle Barracks. Revolutionary War legend Molly Pitcher died in the borough in 1832, a hotel was built in her honor, called the Molly Pitcher Hotel, it has since been renovated to house apartments for senior citizens. Carlisle was incorporated as a borough a few years after the war on April 13,1782, a decade later, during the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794, the troops of Pennsylvania and New Jersey assembled in Carlisle under the leadership of President George Washington. While in Carlisle, the president worshiped in the First Presbyterian Church at the corner of Hanover Street, one of the colleges more famous alumni, the 15th U. S. president, James Buchanan, graduated in 1809. The Dickinson School of Law, founded in 1834 and affiliated then with Dickinson College, ranks as the fifth-oldest law school in the United States, a general borough law of 1851 authorized a burgess and a borough council to administer the government of the borough of Carlisle

8.
Duquesne Country and Athletic Club
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The Duquesne Country and Athletic Club was a professional football team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1895 until 1900. The team was considered one of the best, if not the best, however the team is most famous for being the first football franchise to be owned by an individual, William Chase Temple. The Duquesne Country and Athletic Club, started playing in 1895, however, after four games, before playing the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, they began hiring stars and soon became the most professional team in the city. Duquesne fielded the best team in Pittsburgh since 1895, in 1898 the Duquesnes decided to build an even better team. After the 1897 season, the club had signed a number of players to contracts for the next year. However at this time, many of the players went into the army in the spring to fight in the Spanish–American War and this led the Duquesnes to sign replacements for those players in the army. While this at first looked to be a bad sign for Duquesne for the 1898 season, many of replacement player that were signed proved to perform better than the originals. Then when the war ended in just a few months and the original players returned home. In fact it became apparent that the bench-warmers for the Duquesnes would actually be star players on lesser teams. Those players, tight end Tommy Randolph, offensive tackle Otto Wagonhurst, offensive guard John Wienstein, and running back Don McNeil would have been regulars for the rival Pittsburgh Athletic Club. At the end of the 1898 season, Dave Berry, the manager of the Latrobe Athletic Association came up with the idea fielding a team composed of best players and that team would then play the Duquesnes in an all-star game. Berry was able to get many of the players that he wanted for his all-star team, in Greensburg, local leaders urged players from the Greensburg Athletic Association not to play in the game. Also many other players had baseball to prepare for and did not bother with the game, however the game was a go and was arranged for Saturday, December 3 at Exposition Park. The Duquesnes would go on to win the game 16-0, when it became apparent around this time that the Duquesnes could not survive financially while paying its players, William C. Temple, its chairman, took over the team becoming the first known individual club owner. However, in days of professional football, the public wrongly viewed everyone who was playing for an athletic club. So the date of Temple becoming the first owner is still in question, several histories have tabbed the 1898 season, when the team was suddenly confronted with more players under contract than theyd expected. While others argue for 1899, when several new stars were hired to keep the team on top, the NFLs official chronology states that in 1900 Temple took over the D. C

9.
Pittsburgh
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Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County. The city proper has a population of 304,391. The metropolitan population of 2,353,045 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia, the second-largest in Pennsylvania, and the 26th-largest in the U. S. The city features 30 skyscrapers, two inclines, a fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers. Aside from steel, Pittsburgh has led in manufacturing of aluminum, glass, shipbuilding, petroleum, foods, sports, transportation, computing, autos, and electronics. For part of the 20th century, Pittsburgh was behind only New York and Chicago in corporate headquarters employment, Americas 1980s deindustrialization laid off area blue-collar workers and thousands of downtown white-collar workers when the longtime Pittsburgh-based world headquarters moved out. The area has served also as the federal agency headquarters for cyber defense, software engineering, robotics, energy research. The area is home to 68 colleges and universities, including research and development leaders Carnegie Mellon University, the region is a hub for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, sustainable energy, and energy extraction. Pittsburgh was named in 1758 by General John Forbes, in honor of British statesman William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham. The current pronunciation, which is unusual in English speaking countries, is almost certainly a result of a printing error in some copies of the City Charter of March 18,1816. The error was repeated commonly enough throughout the rest of the 19th century that the pronunciation was lost. After a public campaign the original spelling was restored by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1911. The area of the Ohio headwaters was long inhabited by the Shawnee, the first known European to enter the region was the French explorer/trader Robert de La Salle from Quebec during his 1669 expedition down the Ohio River. European pioneers, primarily Dutch, followed in the early 18th century, Michael Bezallion was the first to describe the forks of the Ohio in a 1717 manuscript, and later that year European fur traders established area posts and settlements. In 1749, French soldiers from Quebec launched an expedition to the forks to unite Canada with French Louisiana via the rivers, during 1753–54, the British hastily built Fort Prince George before a larger French force drove them off. The French built Fort Duquesne based on LaSalles 1669 claims, the French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years War, began with the future Pittsburgh as its center. British General Edward Braddock was dispatched with Major George Washington as his aide to take Fort Duquesne, the British and colonial force were defeated at Braddocks Field. General John Forbes finally took the forks in 1758, Forbes began construction on Fort Pitt, named after William Pitt the Elder while the settlement was named Pittsborough

10.
Princeton, New Jersey
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As of the 2010 United States Census, the municipalitys population was 28,572, reflecting the former townships population of 16,265, along with the 12,307 in the former borough. Princeton was founded before the American Revolution and is best known as the location of Princeton University, Princeton is roughly equidistant from New York City and Philadelphia. It is close to major highways that serve both cities, and receives major television and radio broadcasts from each. It is also close to Trenton, New Jerseys capital city, the governor of New Jerseys official residence has been in Princeton since 1945, when Morven in the borough became the first Governors mansion. It was later replaced by the larger Drumthwacket, a mansion located in the former Township. Morven became a property of the New Jersey Historical Society. Princeton was ranked 15th of the top 100 towns in the United States to Live, although residents of Princeton traditionally have a strong community-wide identity, the community had been composed of two separate municipalities, a township and a borough. The central borough was completely surrounded by the township, the Borough contained Nassau Street, the main commercial street, most of the University campus, and incorporated most of the urban area until the postwar suburbanization. The Borough and Township had roughly equal populations, the Lenni Lenape Native Americans were the earliest identifiable inhabitants of the Princeton area. Europeans founded their settlement in the part of the 17th century. The first European to find his home in the boundaries of the town was Henry Greenland. He built his house in 1683 along with a tavern, in this drinking hole representatives of West Jersey and East Jersey met to set boundaries for the location of the township. Originally, Princeton was known only as part of nearby Stony Brook, James Leonard first referred to the town as Princetown, when describing the location of his large estate in his diary. The town bore a variety of names subsequently, including, Princetown, Princes Town, although there is no official documentary backing, the town is considered to be named after King William III, Prince William of Orange of the House of Nassau. Another theory suggests that the name came from a large land-owner named Henry Prince, a royal prince seems a more likely eponym for the settlement, as three nearby towns had similar names, Kingston, Queenstown and Princessville. When Richard Stockton, one of the founders of the township, died in 1709 he left his estate to his sons, who helped to expand property, based on the 1880 United States Census, the population of the town comprised 3,209 persons. Local population has expanded from the nineteenth century, according to the 2010 Census, Princeton Borough had 12,307 inhabitants, while Princeton Township had 16,265. Aside from housing the university of the name, the settlement suffered the revolutionary Battle of Princeton on its soil

11.
Manhattan
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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city

12.
Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, and is a part of the Boston metropolitan area. According to the 2010 Census, the population was 105,162. As of July 2014, it was the fifth most populous city in the state, behind Boston, Worcester, Springfield, Cambridge was one of the two seats of Middlesex County prior to the abolition of county government in 1997, Lowell was the other. The site for what would become Cambridge was chosen in December 1630, because it was located safely upriver from Boston Harbor, Thomas Dudley, his daughter Anne Bradstreet, and her husband Simon, were among the first settlers of the town. The first houses were built in the spring of 1631, the settlement was initially referred to as the newe towne. Official Massachusetts records show the name capitalized as Newe Towne by 1632, the original village site is in the heart of todays Harvard Square. In the late 19th century, various schemes for annexing Cambridge itself to the city of Boston were pursued and rejected, in 1636, the Newe College was founded by the colony to train ministers. Newe Towne was chosen for the site of the college by the Great and General Court primarily—according to Cotton Mather—to be near the popular, in May 1638 the name of the settlement was changed to Cambridge in honor of the university in Cambridge, England. Hooker and Shepard, Newtownes ministers, and the colleges first president, major benefactor, in 1629, Winthrop had led the signing of the founding document of the city of Boston, which was known as the Cambridge Agreement, after the university. It was Governor Thomas Dudley who, in 1650, signed the charter creating the corporation which still governs Harvard College, Cambridge grew slowly as an agricultural village eight miles by road from Boston, the capital of the colony. By the American Revolution, most residents lived near the Common and Harvard College, with farms and estates comprising most of the town. Coming up from Virginia, George Washington took command of the volunteer American soldiers camped on Cambridge Common on July 3,1775, most of the Tory estates were confiscated after the Revolution. On January 24,1776, Henry Knox arrived with artillery captured from Fort Ticonderoga, a second bridge, the Canal Bridge, opened in 1809 alongside the new Middlesex Canal. The new bridges and roads made what were formerly estates and marshland into prime industrial and residential districts, in the mid-19th century, Cambridge was the center of a literary revolution when it gave the country a new identity through poetry and literature. Cambridge was home to some of the famous Fireside Poets—so called because their poems would often be read aloud by families in front of their evening fires, the Fireside Poets—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, James Russell Lowell, and Oliver Wendell Holmes—were highly popular and influential in their day. Cambridge was incorporated as a city in 1846, the citys commercial center began to shift from Harvard Square to Central Square, which became the downtown of the city around this time. The coming of the railroad to North Cambridge and Northwest Cambridge then led to three changes in the city, the development of massive brickyards and brickworks between Massachusetts Ave. For many decades, the citys largest employer was the New England Glass Company, by the middle of the 19th century it was the largest and most modern glassworks in the world

13.
Franklin Field
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Franklin Field is the home of the Penn Relays, and is the University of Pennsylvanias stadium for football, lacrosse and formerly for soccer, field hockey and baseball. It is also used by Penn students for recreation, and for intramural and club sports, including football and cricket. It is located in Philadelphia, at the edge of Penns campus. It was formerly the field of the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League. Franklin Field was built for $100,000 and dedicated on April 20,1895, deemed by the NCAA as the oldest stadium still operating for football, it was the site of the nations first scoreboard in 1895. Its location was given as 37th and Spruce. Permanent Franklin Field construction did not begin until after the turn of the century, weightman Hall gymnasium, the stadium, and permanent grandstands were designed by architect Frank Miles Day & Brother and were erected from 1903 to 1905 at a cost of $500,000. The field was 714 feet long and 443 feet wide, the site featured a ¼-mile track, a football field, and a baseball diamond. Beneath the stands were indoor tracks and indoor training facilities, plans called for a new train station called Union Station which would feature a Pennsylvania Railroad stop and a stop on a proposed elevated subway line connected to the Market–Frankford Line. Architecture firm Koronski & Cameron created a rendering but plans quickly collapsed, five years later, it was decided instead to expand Franklin Field. The current stadium structure was built in the 1920s, designed by Day & Klauder, after the wooden bleachers were torn down. The lower tier was erected in 1922, the old wood stands were razed immediately following the Penn Relays and the new concrete lower tier and seating for 50,000 were built. The second tier was added in 1925, again designed by Day & Klauder, the first football radio broadcast originated from Franklin Field in 1922. It was carried by Philadelphia station WIP and this claim is pre-empted by an earlier live radio broadcast emanating from Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, on October 8,1921, a full year before Franklin Fields claim to fame. Harold W. Arlin announced the live broadcast of the Pitt-West Virginia football game on October 8,1921, the first commercial football television broadcast in 1939 also came from Franklin Field. In the universitys football heyday — when Penn led the nation in attendance — the 65, today, Franklin Field, named after Penns founder, Benjamin Franklin, seats 52,958. Franklin Field switched from grass to AstroTurf in 1969 and it was the first National Football League stadium to use artificial turf. The stadiums fifth AstroTurf surface was installed in 1993, the current Sprinturf field replaced the AstroTurf in 2004

14.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland

15.
Cincinnati Bearcats football
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The Cincinnati Bearcats football program represents the University of Cincinnati in college football. They compete at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level as members of the American Athletic Conference and they have also earned a bowl berth every year, with only two exceptions since the 2006 season. The Bearcat football program is one of the nations oldest, having fielded a team as early as 1885, in 1888, Cincinnati played Miami in the first intercollegiate football game held within the state of Ohio. That began a rivalry which today ranks as the eighth-oldest and 11th-longest running in NCAA Division I college football, robert Burch served as Cincinnatis head coach from 1909-1911, compiling a record of 16–8–2. It was during his tenure that Cincinnati joined the Ohio Athletic Conference, in March 1927, George Babcock was hired as a professor of athletics and physical training at the University of Cincinnati. From 1927 to 1930, he was the football coach of the Bearcats football. Sid Gillman, a member of the College and National Football League hall of fame shrines, was the architect of one of the top eras of Cincinnati football history. He directed the Bearcats to three titles and a pair of bowl game appearances during his six seasons before leaving for the professional ranks. Cincinnati, with Gillman developing the passing offenses which would make him successful in the pro ranks, George Blackburn served as the Bearcats head coach from 1955-1960, compiling a 25–27–6 record. It was during Blackburns tenure, in 1957, that the Bearcats joined the Missouri Valley Conference, chuck Studley left UMass and became the Bearcats 25th head football coach. Under Studleys tutelage, the Bearcats won two championships in 1963 and 1964, However, Studleys teams struggled in his other four seasons. Oklahoma assistant coach Homer Rice was hired as Studleys replacement, after accepting the head coaching position at Cincinnati, Oklahomas coach Jim McKenzie died of a massive heart attack. Upon Jims death, Oklahomas athletic director and president called Homer Rice to request that he return to replace Jim as head coach at Oklahoma and he had already hired his staff at Cincinnati and turned down the Oklahoma job to stay committed to his staff at Cincinnati. Rice compiled an 8–10–1 record in his two seasons at Cincinnati, in 1968, the Bearcats were the nations top passing team. Quarterback Greg Cook was the NCAAs total offense leader with receiver/kicker Jim OBrien the national scoring champ, a year later, Cook earned Rookie of the Year honors as a Cincinnati Bengal. Two years later, OBrien kicked the field goal for the Baltimore Colts in the Super Bowl. Ray Callahan was promoted assistant coach to head coach after Rices departure. After a 4–6 campaign in his first season, Callahans Bearcats posted back to back 7–4 records in 1970 and 1971, However, a 2–9 season in 1972 ended his tenure at Cincinnati

16.
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
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Harrisburg is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and the county seat of Dauphin County. With a population of 49,673, it is the tenth-largest city in the Commonwealth and it lies on the east bank of the Susquehanna River,107 miles west of Philadelphia. The Harrisburg-York-Lebanon, PA Combined Statistical Area is made up of six counties in south central Pennsylvania, Harrisburg played a notable role in American history during the Westward Migration, the American Civil War, and the Industrial Revolution. The U. S. Navy ship USS Harrisburg, which served from 1918 to 1919 at the end of World War I, was named in honor of the city. The Pennsylvania Farm Show, the largest free indoor agriculture exposition in the United States, was first held in Harrisburg in 1917 and has held there every early-to-mid January since then. Harrisburg is also known for the Three Mile Island accident, which occurred on March 28,1979 near Middletown, in 2010 Forbes rated Harrisburg as the second best place in the U. S. to raise a family. Despite the citys recent financial troubles, in 2010 The Daily Beast website ranked 20 metropolitan areas across the country as being recession-proof, the financial stability of the region is in part due to the high concentration of state and federal government agencies. The finances of the city however, were poorly managed. Harrisburgs site along the Susquehanna River is thought to have been inhabited by Native Americans as early as 3000 BC, in 1719, John Harris, Sr. an English trader, settled here and 14 years later secured grants of 800 acres in this vicinity. In 1785, John Harris, Jr. made plans to lay out a town on his fathers land, in the spring of 1785, the town was formally surveyed by William Maclay, who was a son-in-law of John Harris, Sr. In 1791, Harrisburg became incorporated, and in October 1812 it was named the Pennsylvania state capital, the assembling here of the highly sectional Harrisburg Convention in 1827 led to the passage of the high protective-tariff bill of 1828. In 1839, Harrison and Tyler were nominated for President of the United States at the first national convention of the Whig Party of the United States, which was held in Harrisburg. Before Harrisburg gained its first industries, it was a scenic, pastoral town, typical of most of the day, compact, in 1822, the impressive brick capitol was completed for $200,000. It was Harrisburg’s strategic location which gave it an advantage over other towns. It was settled as a trading post in 1719 at an important to Westward expansion. The importance of the location was that it was at a pass in a mountain ridge, the Susquehanna River flowed generally west to east at this location, providing a route for boat traffic from the east. The head of navigation was a distance northwest of the town. Persons arriving from the east by boat had to exit at Harrisburg, Harrisburg assumed importance as a provisioning stop at this point where westward bound pioneers transitioned from river travel to overland travel

17.
Brown Bears football
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The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision and are members of the Ivy League. Browns first football team was fielded in 1878, the team plays its home games at the 20,000 seat Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island. The Bears are coached by Phil Estes, in the middle of the 1926 season, the “Iron Men” came into being when the same 11 players played against Yale for 60 minutes and a 7-0 win. The next week the same 11 players played without substitution against Dartmouth, two weeks later the Iron Men played 58 minutes against Harvard, but in the last two minutes the substitutes came in to earn their letters. Brown won all its games that year until the Thanksgiving game against Colgate ended in a 10-10 tie, in the 1948 season, Brown fans were the originators of the popular de-fense. Chant that spread to the NFL in the 1950s, Brown has 607 wins making them tied for 72nd all time in wins amongst division one football programs. John W. Heisman Tuss McLaughry Frederick D. Pollard Eddie N, the Bears have won the Ivy League title four times in their history. The Bears won their first Ivy League title in 1976, sharing it with Yale while finishing 8-1 on the season, in 1999, the Bears went 9-1, while beating Columbia 23-6 to share the Ivy League title with Yale. In 2005, the Bears finished 9-1, beating Columbia 52-21 in their game in order to clinch their first ever outright Ivy League title. In 2008, the Bears finished 7-3, beating Columbia 41-10 to clinch a share of the Ivy League title, their fourth conference title. The first game in the series occurred in 1893, browns record versus Harvard is 30-84-2. During recent decades the respective squads meet annually the first weekend of the Ivy League football season, Brown has a 31-57-4 record versus Dartmouth. Beginning in 2018 Brown will play New England Ivy League rival Dartmouth in their final game

18.
Chicago Coliseum
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The first Coliseum stood at State and Washington streets in Chicagos downtown in the late 1860s. The second, at 63rd Street near Stony Island Avenue in the south sides Woodlawn community, in the 1960s and early 1970s it served as a general admission venue for rock concerts, roller derbys and professional wrestling matches, it closed in 1971 and was demolished in 1982. The first Coliseum hosted horse shows, boxing matches, and circus acts beginning in 1866, typical of most 19th century cities, Chicago had a flourishing bachelor subculture, which made events at the Coliseum often rowdy affairs. The arenas history is hazy as there are no sources as to when it opened or closed. The second Coliseum, in the Woodlawn neighborhood on the south side, had a difficult history. Initial construction began early in 1895 on a 14-acre site of the Worlds Columbian Exposition, but on August 22, the structure collapsed. Construction of the 300-by-700 foot building entailed the use of 2.5 million pounds of steel,3.2 million feet of lumber, and 3 million bricks, and was finally completed in June 1896. The building was impressive in size for its day, twice as large as Madison Square Garden, the facility housed seven acres of interior floor space. In October 1896 the Coliseum hosted the Barnum and Bailey Circus, college football teams immediately saw the feasibility of playing indoor games in the Coliseum, and four big games took place, University of Michigan vs. University of Chicago, Thanksgiving Day, November 26,1896, won by Chicago, University of Wisconsin, December 19,1896, won by Carlisle, 18–8. University of Illinois, November 20,1897, won by Carlisle, University of Chicago, Thanksgiving Day, November 25,1897, won by Chicago, 21–12. The Carlisle games represented the first time the Carlisle Indian School played in the Midwest, in January 1897, the Coliseum hosted one of the largest trade shows in the country, the annual Bicycle manufacturers trade show. Another grand trade show took place in October, the Chicago Horse Show, the Coliseum by this time was hailed as a financial success. But all this would come to an end. Despite initial reports of deaths, only one fireman died. The building was destroyed, primarily when one of the 14 arches supporting the roof fell over to bring down all the other arches like a row of dominoes. The fire consumed the building within 20 minutes and this massive structure, one of the greatest indoor facilities of the 19th century, had a lifespan of only 19 months. Candy manufacturer Charles F. Gunther built the third Coliseum on Wabash Avenue and he purchased Libby Prison, a structure in Richmond, Virginia, constructed as a warehouse which became a Confederate prison during the Civil War

19.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage

20.
1906 Carlisle vs. Vanderbilt football game
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The 1906 Carlisle vs. Vanderbilt football game, played November 22,1906, was a college football game between the Carlisle Indians and Vanderbilt Commodores. The 1906 Vanderbilt team had one of the greatest seasons in school history, on November 11, Vanderbilt accepted a challenge of the Carlisle team for a game in Nashville. The Indians were given the choice of November 22,23, the Nashville Banner predicted it would be the greatest game the south ever saw. The game started forty-five minutes late to accommodate the large crowd, one source claims the Carlisle Indians failed to receive supplies on the trip to Nashville, including their receiving carboys emptied of water. The Indians had the poorest kind of accommodations at Nashville, frank Mount Pleasant had four field goal attempts, but missed them all. John Heisman wrote Manier bucked the Indians line, atlanta Constitution sporting editor A. W. Edwin Popes Footballs Greatest Coaches describes the game as the first intersectional triumph of the south. Vanderbilt running back Honus Craig called this his hardest game, giving praise to Albert Exendine as the fastest end I ever saw. The starting lineup for Vanderbilt was V. Blake, Pritchard, McLain, Stone, Chorn, E. Noel, Blake, Costen, D. Blake, Craig, Manier

21.
1899 Carlisle Indians football team
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The 1899 Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indians football team of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School during the 1899 college football season. The Indians were coached by Pop Warner in his 1st year as head coach, the team compiled a record of 9–2 and outscored opponents 383 to 46. Frank Hudson was the quarterback and drop-kicker for the 1899 Carlisle Indian team, in a 22-10 loss to Harvard, Hudsons kicking was again a featured attraction. The New York Times reported, And now came the feature of the game, the Indians advanced the ball to Harvards thirty-five-yard line, when Hudson dropped back for a goal from the field. A second later and the pigskin went straight through the goal posts, for the first time, Carlisle defeated one of the Big Four of college football, defeating Penn by a score of 16 to 5. The 1899 Carlisle team drew further acclaim after defeating Columbia, 45-0, Hudson drop-kicked four goals from touchdown and one field goal in the victory over Columbia. The New York Times cited Hudsons use of the drop kick technique as one of the features of the game, The other novelty was the way in which Hudson kicked goals. Instead of making a kick from a ball held by one of his eleven he chose to make all his tries for a goal by a drop kick. It was a new feature for a game, though frequently tried in practice. With 10,000 fans in attendance, Isaac Seneca was the star of the game, a press account of the game said, The Indians were in prime physical condition and bore through the Columbia line and skirted the ends at will. At least eight times the Carlisle backs got around the ends for runs of thirty to sixty yards, most of these runs were made by Seneca and Miller. At the end of the 1899 season, Seneca was elected as captain of the 1900 team, Seneca was also honored by being named a first team All-American—the first Carlisle player and the first American Indian to be so honored. With its only two losses having come to Harvard and Princeton, the 1899 Carlisle team was ranked No.4 in the country by Walter Camp

22.
1900 Carlisle Indians football team
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The 1900 Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indians football team of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School during the 1900 college football season. The Indians were coached by Pop Warner in his year as head coach. The team compiled a record of 6–4–1 and outscored opponents 207 to 92, in that game Virginias Bradley Walker once grabbed Hawley Pierce, Carlisles biggest player, and carried him ten yards with him dangling over his shoulder

23.
1901 Carlisle Indians football team
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The 1901 Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indians football team of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School during the 1901 college football season. The Indians were coached by Pop Warner in his year as head coach. The team compiled a record of 5–7–1, despite the 16 to 11 Carlisle victory, The Dickinsonian called it the greatest day in the football history of Dickinson. The national champion Michigan Wolverines defeated the Carlisle Indians, 22–0, the game was watched by a crowd of 8,000 spectators that included Chinas Minister to the United States, Wu Ting-Fan, occupying a box with former United States Secretary of War, Russell A. Alger. The Columbia Lions rolled up their largest score of the season and it was 40 to 0 until the final five minutes. Starring in the contest was Columbias backfield of Bill Morley, Harold Weekes, Dick Smith, and Chauncey L. Berrien

24.
1903 Carlisle Indians football team
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The 1903 Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indians football team of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School during the 1903 college football season. The Indians were coached by Pop Warner in his year as head coach. The team compiled a record of 11–2–1 and outscored opponents 274 to 62, in 1903, an Indian team coached by Warner first employed its infamous hidden-ball play against heavily favored Harvard. Warner, as coach at Cornell, had used it against Penn State in 1897. Carlisle led Harvard at halftime, and hoping to keep the games momentum, Harvard executed the kick, and the Indians formed a circle around the returner. With the aid of a specially altered jersey, the ball was placed up the back of the returner, the Indians broke the huddle and spread out in different directions. Each player feigned carrying the ball, except Dillon, the man with the ball up the back of his jersey, the ruse confused the Crimson players, and they scrambled to find the ball carrier. Dillon, with both his hands free, was ignored by the searching Harvard players, and he ran untouched into the end zone, with the score, Carlisle extended its lead to 11–0, but Harvard came back and eventually won 12–11. Nevertheless, the match, and trick play, resulted in national attention. Warner had learned the trick from John Heisman while facing Auburn in 1895 during his tenure as coach of the Georgia Bulldogs, quarterback and captain Jimmy Johnson was selected All-American by Walter Camp. Camp based his selection on a game he witnessed when Carlisle played Harvard. Johnson was small but fiery, and was a leader

25.
1907 Carlisle Indians football team
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The 1907 Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indians football team of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School during the 1907 college football season. The Indians were coached by Pop Warner in his year as head coach. The team compiled a record of 10–1 and outscored opponents 267 to 62, jim Thorpe, undersized even for the Indians, persuaded Warner to allow him to try out for the team. Thorpe immediately impressed his coach and secured a position on the team. End Albert Exendine was a consensus All-American, in the game against Chicago, fullback Pete Hauser threw a 40-yard pass to Exendine, who ran out of bounds, around spectators and players, and back on the field for the catch. Hauser became a star during the 1907 season, in an early game, he scored a touchdown and kicked a field goal in a 10–0 victory over Villanova. In October 1907, Hauser ran for a touchdown and kicked to goals after touchdown, scoring eight points, in November 1907, The New York Times wrote that Hauser handled kicking duties for Carlisle, returned punts, and was also the mainstay of the defense. That same month, Carlise defeated the Harvard football team, then one of the top teams in the country, by a 23–15 score in front of a crowd of 30,000 spectators in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The New York Times wrote that Hausers end runs were marvels, Carlisles 1907 season ended with an 18–4 victory over Amos Alonzo Staggs Chicago Maroons football team. Hauser was described as a wrecking crew against Chicago, as he kicked two field goals and an extra point and threw a 50-yard touchdown pass as well. On October 26,1907, Carlisle beat a Penn team that had won every game and was declared national champion. The national champions lost 26–6, before a crowd of 20,000 at Franklin Field. Hausers most historic moment in this game, at a time when forward passes were generally short tosses, Hauser threw a pass 40 yards, hitting his receiver in stride. Hausers secret was throwing the ball in a spiral, allowing it to travel farther downfield, Carlisle head coach, Pop Warner, said that Hauser was credited as the first football player to throw a spiral pass and could hit his ends on the dead run with uncanny accuracy

26.
1911 Carlisle Indians football team
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The 1911 Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indians football team of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School during the 1911 college football season. The Indians were coached by Pop Warner in his 10th year as head coach, the team compiled a record of 11–1, outscored opponents 298 to 49. The season included one of the greatest upsets in football history. Against Harvard, Jim Thorpe scored all of the Indians points in an upset over the period powerhouse. The only loss for Carlisle came at the hands of Syracuse the following week, walter Camp selected Thorpe first-team All-American. One source claims Thorpe was recognized as the greatest player of the year, college Football Hall of Fame members on the team include Thorpe, Gus Welch, and William Lone Star Dietz

27.
1912 Carlisle Indians football team
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The 1912 Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indians football team of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School during the 1912 college football season. The Indians were coached by Pop Warner in his 11th year as head coach, the team compiled a record of 12–1–1, outscored opponents 454 to 120, leading the nation in scoring. It featured the Hall of Famers Jim Thorpe, Joe Guyon, dwight D. Eisenhower was a halfback on the Army team defeated by Carlisle. The 1912 season included many changes such as the 100-yard field. The first six-point touchdowns were registered in Carlisles 50-7 win over Albright College on September 21

1852 Map of Boston area showing Cambridge and regional rail lines and highlighting the course of the Middlesex Canal. Cambridge is toward the bottom of the map and outlined in yellow, and should not be confused with the pink-outlined and partially cropped "West Cambridge", now Arlington.

The United States Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, generally known as Carlisle Indian Industrial …

Carlisle Indian School logo

Captain Pratt and Southern Plains veterans of the Red River War at Fort Marion, Florida, 1875. Several of these prisoners-of-war later attended college, including Carlisle

As a condition to enrollment of their children, Pratt promised to allow tribal leaders to inspect the school soon after it opened. The first group of inspectors, some 40 Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota chiefs representing nine Missouri River agencies, visited Carlisle in June, 1880. Chief Red Cloud, Oglala Lakota, at Carlisle, June 1880

Between 1899 and 1904, Carlisle issued thirty to forty-five degrees a year. "Educating the Indian Race. Graduating Class of Carlisle, PA." ca. 1890s