Properties of Liquids and solids

When students examine materials in the world around them, they become aware of a wide variety of similarities and differences in the properties of those materials, including how they look, feel, and change. Students will develop their understanding of the properties of materials through investigating familiar liquid and solid materials, including the different ways in which liquids and solids interact and the various uses of liquid and solid materials. When working with liquids and solids, it is important that students do so in a manner that ensures their personal safety and the safety of others. This includes understanding why they should never put any materials in their mouths unless told to do so by the teacher. Students should also understand why they should wash their hands after handling any materials. Connections can also be made with the topic in the following strand – Air and Water in the Environment.

Opaque

Viscosity

What is VISCOSITY?!Viscosity is the rate at which a liquid flows. When comparing two liquids, we can decide which liquid has a HIGH VISCOSITY in comparison to another liquid with a LOW VISCOSITY by seeing which flows more slowly or quickly.

High Viscosity

When a liquid has HIGH VISCOSITY, it will flow SLOWLY.Examples: honey, maple syrup, sunscreen, etc.

Low Viscosity

When a liquid has LOW VISCOSITY, it will flow fast.Examples: water, soft drink, oil, etc.

Density

What is DENSITY?!Everything is made up of matter which are tiny atoms floating together. If there are many atoms packed very tightly together, the object is very DENSE. If they are farther apart, it is less dense. If something has a high density, it is less likely to float. If it has a low density, it is more likely to float.

High Density

High Density means that the atoms are close together. This means that the material is not likely going to float. For example, honey is dense. It is more dense than water, it will sink below the water and the water will float. Another example of a dense material is a coin. A coin is more dense than water, so it will sink to the bottom!

low density

Low Density means that the atoms are farther apart from one another so the liquid or solid is more likely to float. For example, oil has a low density which allows it to float on water. Oil and Water both have a lower density than honey, which allows them both to float above it. Objects can have low density too, like a balloon which floats in the air.

Mixing Liquids and Solids: Dissolving

Some substances dissolve when you mix them with water. When a substance dissolves, it looks like it disappears. But in fact it has just mixed with the water to make a transparent (see-through) liquid called a solution. When you mix sugar with water, the sugar dissolves to make a transparent solution. Salt dissolves in water too. Heat can help some substances dissolve faster in water. Salt, for example, will dissolve quicker in hot water than in cold water.

substances that dissolve in water are called soluble substances.

Substances that do not dissolve in water are called insoluble substances.

3 States of Matter

Learning Goal: We are learning to explain changes in the state of matter.Success Criteria: I know I am successful when I can...

Explain when and how condensation happens.

Explain when and how evaporation happens.

Explain when and how freezing happens.

Key Words:

Evaporation: how a liquid changes to a gas.

Condensation: how a gas changes to a liquid.

Freezing: how a liquid changes to a solid.

Volume: the amount of space a substance takes up.

Matter: physical substance in general which takes up space.

Atom: an extremely small amount of matter.

GAs

A gas does not have a fixed shape or fixed volume. Since the atoms are very far apart from one another, it is hard to see and we can easily move through it (thinking of walking through air each day).

﻿liquid﻿

A liquid does not have its own shape, but does have a fixed volume. Since the atoms are not as tightly packed as in a solid, that is why we can move through liquid, but with some difficulty (think of swimming).

Solid

A solid has a fixed shape and volume. The atoms with solid matter are tightly packed together, which is why you cannot walk through solid matter.

evaporation

LIQUID -----------> GASHow does a liquid turn into a gas?ADD HEAT!Examples:

When boiling water for tea, a kettle will start to whistle because steam is being created. The steam doesn't turn into water in the air, it spreads out and becomes WATER VAPOUR in the air.

A puddle doesn't stay on the ground forever. Why? The sun's heat will slowly evaporate the water. This is how the water cycle begins.

condensation

GAS -----------> LIQUIDHow does a gas turn into a liquid?COOL IT DOWN!Examples:

When water vapour drifts higher into the air, the temperature begins to cool. As it cools, the water vapour begins to condense. This is how clouds are formed!

A lid on the top of a boiling pot of water, when removed, will drip water because the water vapour trapped on the surface will cool condense when flooded with fresh cool air.

freezing

LIQUID -----------> SOLIDHow does a liquid turn into a solid?FREEZE IT!Examples:

When wanting to freeze water, we don't put in a fridge which is cool. We put it in the freezer which is much colder than the fridge! As the water sits in the cold temperatures, it begins to freeze. Water freezes at a temperature of zero degrees celsius.

Buoyancy

Boats, canoes, ships, kayaks, and rafts all have one thing in common- they are used for transport on seas and rivers, because they float. It’s easy to figure out that if they are made out of wood they will float, because wood floats in water. However, when you see a huge cargo ship or a cruise-liner that looks like a floating building on the water, you can’t help but wonder why this massive chunk of metal doesn’t sink. In this part of our unit, students will learn about how the displacement of water, weight, and volume affect whether an object will float or sink.

Water Displacement

Water displacement is the amount of water which is moved out of the way of the object. It is equal in volume to the object being placed inside the water.

Weight

Weight is how heavy something is. If the object is heavier than the water is displaces, it will sink. If the displaced water is heavier, the object will float.

Volume

Volume is the amount of space and object takes up. Volume helps dictate how much water will be displaced and therefore impacts if it will float.

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