Appendices

APPENDIX 1

Definition of Terms

Blood Libel

Historically, blood libel has referred to centuries-old accusations that Jews killed Christian children to use their blood for rituals. Blood libel continues to be invoked today through accusations that Jews kidnap children to steal their organs. Blood libel is one example of traditional anti-Semitism.

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is an old Tsarist forgery allegedly revealing Jewish plans for world domination. The text was first published in the Russian Empire in 1903 and distributed around the world. TheProtocols continues to be widely distributed today as educational material.

Holocaust Relativism

Holocaust relativism occurs when governments, museums, academic researchers and others conflate the Holocaust with other terrible events that entailed great human suffering, like the Srebrenica and Rwandan genocides, the Dirty War or the Soviet regime. Grouping horrific chapters of history together is not only historically inaccurate, but also misses opportunities to learn important particular and universal lessons from each of these historic events.

Holocaust Denial

Holocaust denial involves denying the genocide of six million Jews during World War II. Holocaust denial also includes assertions that the Nazi death camps and gas chambers never existed and that the Nazi regime had no specific policy to exterminate the Jewish people. Holocaust denial is espoused by religious leaders, heads of state, and by academics; it is a standard on hateful websites and other media outlets.

Holocaust Glorification

Holocaust glorification glorifies Nazism. For example, parades honoring soldiers who fought in the Waffen SS glorifies Nazism under the guise of fighting the Soviets and obscures their role in the Holocaust. Holocaust glorification is especially virulent in Middle Eastern media which often calls for a new Holocaust to finish the job.

Zionism

Zionism is the national movement to return to the Jewish ancestral homeland and birthplace of the Jewish people, the land of Israel. While the biblical term Zion refers to the land of Israel, the term, Zionism, was coined in 1890 by Nathan Birnbaum. In 1897, Austrian journalist Theodor Herzl founded the political Zionist movement at the First Zionist Congress in Basle, Switzerland.

Appendix 2

Working Definition of Anti-Semitism

Adopted in 2005 by the European Monitoring Center on Racism and Xenophobia, now the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights

The purpose of this document is to provide a practical guide for identifying incidents, collecting data, and supporting the implementation and enforcement of legislation dealing with anti-Semitism.

Working definition:

“Anti-Semitism is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of anti-Semitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities.”

In addition, such manifestations could also target the state of Israel, conceived as a Jewish collectivity. Anti-Semitism frequently charges Jews with conspiring to harm humanity, and it is often used to blame Jews for “why things go wrong.” It is expressed in speech, writing, visual forms and action, and employs sinister stereotypes and negative character traits.

Contemporary examples of anti-Semitism in public life, the media, schools, the workplace, and in the religious sphere could, taking into account the overall context, include, but are not limited to:

Calling for, aiding, or justifying the killing or harming of Jews in the name of a radical ideology or an extremist view of religion.

Making mendacious, dehumanizing, demonizing, or stereotypical allegations about Jews as such or the power of Jews as a collective—such as, especially but not exclusively, the myth about a world Jewish conspiracy or of Jews controlling the media, economy, government or other societal institutions.

Accusing Jews as a people of being responsible for real or imagined wrongdoing committed by a single Jewish person or group, or even for acts committed by non-Jews.

Denying the fact, scope, mechanisms (e.g., gas chambers) or intentionality of the genocide of the Jewish people at the hands of National Socialist Germany and its supporters and accomplices during World War II (the Holocaust).

Accusing the Jews as a people, or Israel as a state, of inventing or exaggerating the Holocaust.

Accusing Jewish citizens of being more loyal to Israel, or to the alleged priorities of Jews worldwide, than to the interests of their own nations.

Examples of the ways in which anti-Semitism manifests itself with regard to the state of Israel taking into account the overall context could include:

Denying the Jewish people their right to self-determination, e.g., by claiming that the existence of a State of Israel is a racist endeavor.

Applying double standards by requiring of it a behavior not expected or demanded of any other democratic nation.

Using the symbols and images associated with classic anti-Semitism (e.g., claims of Jews killing Jesus or blood libel) to characterize Israel or Israelis.

Drawing comparisons of contemporary Israeli policy to that of the Nazis.

Holding Jews collectively responsible for actions of the state of Israel.

However, criticism of Israel similar to that leveled against any other country cannot be regarded as anti-Semitic.

Anti-Semitic acts are criminal when they are so defined by law (for example, denial of the Holocaust or distribution of anti-Semitic materials) in some countries.

Criminal acts are anti-Semitic when the targets of attacks, whether they are people or property—such as buildings, schools, places of worship and cemeteries—are selected because they are, or are perceived to be, Jewish or linked to Jews.

Anti-Semitic discrimination is the denial to Jews of opportunities or services available to others and is illegal in many countries.

Appendix 3

Global Anti-Semitism Review Act of 2004

October 8, 2004108th Congress of the United States2d SessionS. 2292

AN ACT

To require a report on acts of anti-Semitism around the world.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the “Global anti-Semitism Review Act of 2004.”

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress makes the following findings:

(1) Acts of anti-Semitism in countries throughout the world, including some of the world's strongest democracies, have increased significantly in frequency and scope over the last several years.

(2) During the last 3 months of 2003 and the first 3 months of 2004, there were numerous instances of anti-Semitic violence around the world, including the following incidents:

(A) In Putrajaya, Malaysia, on October 16, 2003, former Prime Minister Mahatir Mohammad told the 57 national leaders assembled for the Organization of the Islamic Conference that Jews “rule the world by proxy,” and called for a “final victory” by the world’s 1.3 billion Muslims, who, he said, “cannot be defeated by a few million Jews.”

(B) In Istanbul, Turkey, on November 15, 2003, simultaneous car bombs exploded outside two synagogues filled with worshippers, killing 24 people and wounding more than 250 people.

(C) In Australia on January 5, 2004, poison was used to ignite, and burn anti-Semitic slogans into, the lawns of the Parliament House in the state of Tasmania.

(D) In St. Petersburg, Russia, on February 15, 2004, vandals desecrated approximately 50 gravestones in a Jewish cemetery, painting the stones with swastikas and anti-Semitic graffiti.

(E) In Toronto, Canada, over the weekend of March 19 through March 21, 2004, vandals attacked a Jewish school, a Jewish cemetery, and area synagogues, painting swastikas and anti-Semitic slogans on the walls of a synagogue and on residential property in a nearby, predominantly Jewish, neighborhood.

(F) In Toulon, France, on March 23, 2004, a Jewish synagogue and community center were set on fire.

(3) Anti-Semitism in old and new forms is also increasingly emanating from the Arab and Muslim world on a sustained basis, including through books published by government-owned publishing houses in Egypt and other Arab countries.

(4) In November 2002, state-run television in Egypt broadcast the anti-Semitic series entitled “Horseman Without a Horse,” which is based upon the fictitious conspiracy theory known as the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. The Protocols have been used throughout the last century by despots such as Adolf Hitler to justify violence against Jews.

(5) In November 2003, Arab television featured an anti-Semitic series, entitled “Ash-Shatat” (or “The Diaspora”), which depicts Jewish people hatching a plot for Jewish control of the world.

(6) The sharp rise in anti-Semitic violence has caused international organizations such as the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) to elevate, and bring renewed focus to, the issue, including the convening by the OSCE in June 2003 of a conference in Vienna dedicated solely to the issue of anti-Semitism.

(7) The OSCE convened a conference again on April 28-29, 2004, in Berlin, to address the problem of anti-Semitism with the United States delegation led by former Mayor of New York City, Ed Koch.

(8) The United States Government has strongly supported efforts to address anti-Semitism through bilateral relationships and interaction with international organizations such as the OSCE, the European Union, and the United Nations.

(9) Congress has consistently supported efforts to address the rise in anti-Semitic violence. During the 107th Congress, both the Senate and the House of Representatives passed resolutions expressing strong concern with the sharp escalation of anti-Semitic violence in Europe and calling on the Department of State to thoroughly document the phenomenon.

(10) Anti-Semitism has at times taken the form of vilification of Zionism, the Jewish national movement, and incitement against Israel.

SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

It is the sense of Congress that:

(1) The United States Government should continue to strongly support efforts to combat anti-Semitism worldwide through bilateral relationships and interaction with international organizations such as the OSCE, the European Union, and the United Nations; and

(2) The Department of State should thoroughly document acts of anti-Semitism that occur around the world.

SEC. 4. REPORTS.

Not later than November 15, 2004, the Secretary of State shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives a one-time report on acts of anti-Semitism around the world, including a description of:

(1) Acts of physical violence against, or harassment of, Jewish people, and acts of violence against, or vandalism of, Jewish community institutions, such as schools, synagogues, or cemeteries, that occurred in each country;

(2) The responses of the governments of those countries to such actions;

(3) The actions taken by such governments to enact and enforce laws relating to the protection of the right to religious freedom of Jewish people;

(4) The efforts by such governments to promote anti-bias and tolerance education; and

(5) Instances of propaganda in government and nongovernment media that attempt to justify or promote racial hatred or incite acts of violence against Jewish people.

SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF OFFICE TO MONITOR AND COMBAT ANTI-SEMITISM.

The State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 is amended by adding after section 58 (22 U.S.C. 2730) the following new section:

SEC. 59. MONITORING AND COMBATING ANTI-SEMITISM.

(a) Office to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism

(1) ESTABLISHMENT OF OFFICE: The Secretary shall establish within the Department of State an Office to Monitor and Combat anti-Semitism (in this section referred to as the “Office”).

(2) HEAD OF OFFICE

(A) SPECIAL ENVOY FOR MONITORING AND COMBATING ANTI-SEMITISM: The head of the Office shall be the Special Envoy for Monitoring and Combating anti-Semitism (in this section referred to as the “Special Envoy”).

(B) APPOINTMENT OF HEAD OF OFFICE: The Secretary shall appoint the Special Envoy. If the Secretary determines that such is appropriate, the Secretary may appoint the Special Envoy from among officers and employees of the Department. The Secretary may allow such officer or employee to retain the position (and the responsibilities associated with such position) held by such officer or employee prior to the appointment of such officer or employee to the position of Special Envoy under this paragraph.

(1) Monitoring and combating acts of anti-Semitism and anti-Semitic incitement that occur in foreign countries;

(2) Coordinating and assisting in the preparation of that portion of the report required by sections 116(d)(7) and 502B(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151n(d)(7) and 2304(b)) relating to an assessment and description of the nature and extent of acts of anti-Semitism and anti-Semitic incitement for inclusion in the annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices; and

(3) Coordinating and assisting in the preparation of that portion of the report required by section 102(b)(1)(A)(iv) of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6412(b)(1)(A)(iv)) relating to an assessment and description of the nature and extent of acts of anti-Semitism and anti-Semitic incitement for inclusion in the Annual Report on International Religious Freedom.

(c) Consultations: The Special Envoy shall consult with domestic and international nongovernmental organizations and multilateral organizations and institutions, as the Special Envoy considers appropriate to fulfill the purposes of this section.

SEC. 6. INCLUSION IN DEPARTMENT OF STATE ANNUAL REPORTS OF INFORMATION CONCERNING ACTS OF ANTI-SEMITISM IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

(A) By redesignating paragraphs (8), (9), and (10), as paragraphs (9), (10), and (11), respectively; and

(B) by inserting after paragraph (7) the following new paragraph:

(8) Wherever applicable, a description of the nature and extent of acts of anti-Semitism and anti-Semitic incitement that occur during the preceding year, including descriptions of:

(A) Acts of physical violence against, or harassment of Jewish people, and acts of violence against, or vandalism of Jewish community institutions, including schools, synagogues, and cemeteries;

(B) Instances of propaganda in government and nongovernment media that attempt to justify or promote racial hatred or incite acts of violence against Jewish people;

(C) The actions, if any, taken by the government of the country to respond to such violence and attacks or to eliminate such propaganda or incitement;

(D) The actions taken by such government to enact and enforce laws relating to the protection of the right to religious freedom of Jewish people; and

(E) The efforts of such government to promote anti -bias and tolerance education;”; and

(2) After the fourth sentence of section 502B(b) (22 U.S.C. 2304(b)), by inserting the following new sentence: `Wherever applicable, a description of the nature and extent of acts of anti-Semitism and anti-Semitic incitement that occur, including the descriptions of such acts required under section 116(d)(8).'.

(b) Inclusion in Annual Report on International Religious Freedom- Section 102(b)(1)(A) of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6412(b)(1)(A)) is amended:

(1) In clause (ii), by striking “and” at the end;

(2) In clause (iii), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(3) By adding after clause (iii) the following new clause:

(iv) Wherever applicable, an assessment and description of the nature and extent of acts of anti-Semitism and anti-Semitic incitement that occur in that country during the preceding year, including--

(I) Acts of physical violence against, or harassment of, Jewish people, acts of violence against, or vandalism of, Jewish community institutions, and instances of propaganda in government and nongovernment media that incite such acts; and

(II) The actions taken by the government of that country to respond to such violence and attacks or to eliminate such propaganda or incitement, to enact and enforce laws relating to the protection of the right to religious freedom of Jewish people, and to promote anti -bias and tolerance education.'.

(c) Effective Date of Inclusions: The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) shall apply beginning with the first report under sections 116(d) and 502B(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151n(d) and 2304(b)) and section 102(b) of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6312(b)) submitted more than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Approved October 16, 2004.

Appendix 4

A Year in Review: Highlights from 2010-2011

A. SEAS ACTIVITES: The Special Envoy:

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Monitors anti-Semitic incidents and trends around the world in 199 countries and territories. The Special Envoy has identified and defined six trends of global anti-Semitism: traditional forms of anti-Semitism; Holocaust denial, glorification, and relativism; anti-Semitism relative to Israel including demonizing, delegitimizing and holding Israel to different standards; and the rise of nationalist movements espousing anti-Semitic, xenophobic and racist ideology.

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Initiated a virtual campaign jointly with Special Representative to Muslim Communities Farah Pandith called 2012 Hours Against Hate. The initiative aims to stop bigotry and promote pluralism and respect across lines of culture, religion, tradition, class, and gender. It asks young people around the world to pledge their time to stop hate—to do something for someone who doesn’t look, pray, or live like you.

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Engages with foreign governments and international organizations to discuss anti-Semitism, raise awareness, and initiate partnerships to speak out against anti-Semitism and adopt ways to combat it, including promoting Holocaust education.

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Provides training seminars on anti-Semitism for incoming Foreign and Civil Service personnel, as well as for interns and current personnel within the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. These programs include trips to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and discussions on identifying and responding to acts of anti-Semitism.

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Engages in public outreach through speaking engagements and attending conferences with youth, non-governmental organizations, Jewish organizations, and interfaith groups. These speaking engagements provide the opportunity to discuss global anti-Semitism, interfaith dialogue and cooperation, and cooperate with national and international civil society organizations, NGOs, and other government agencies to monitor and combat anti-Semitism.

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Supports programs outside of the U.S. Government which promote Holocaust education as well as media monitoring.

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Distributes a newsletter called the SEAS Monitor. The SEAS Monitor reports on the Special Envoy’s travel, conferences, and activities. The newsletter reaches 1500 individuals from civil society to governmental organizations around the world.

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Utilizes social media such as Facebook and Twitter to publicize policies and projects and encourage grassroots participation in the United States and abroad. The 2011 Hours Against Hate campaign has been widely publicized using social media. “Here’s What We’re Hearing” including “Global Trends in Anti-Semitism” and “Global Trends in the Jewish World” are posted weekly on Facebook.

6/20/11: Opening Remarks to the Second Annual European Jewish Press Conference
Brussels, Belgium

6/17/11: Remarks at“Training teacher-trainers: European Holocaust History, Human Rights, and Tolerance Today” organized by the U.S. Embassy in Vilnius, the Vilna Gaon Jewish State Museum, Vytautas Magnus University, and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Kaunas, Lithuania

4/27/10: Discussion with Students at the School of Political Science and Diplomacy, Vytautas Magnus University
Kaunas, Lithuania

12/16/09: “Global Forum for Combating Anti-Semitism” Hosted by the Government of Israel
Jerusalem, Israel

C. 2010-2011 HIGHLIGHTS IN PICTURES

CONFRONTING HOLOCAUST DENIAL

Trip with Eight Leading Imams to Auschwitz and Dachau

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Imams praying spontaneously during a tour of Dachau

Imams listening to a Holocaust survivor recount his experiences

Imams signing guest book after walking out of the gas chamber at Auschwitz to memorialize their bearing witness and bearing the burden of that witness

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Following their emotional and enriching experience, the Imams issued a statement condemning Holocaust denial and anti-Semitism in any form while pledging to make real “never again”

2011 HOURS AGAINST HATE

A virtual campaign to stop bigotry and promote respect

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Special Envoy Rosenthal and Special Representative Pandith discussing 2011 Hours Against Hate with journalists from Armenia, Spain, and Turkey at the Foreign Press Center in DC. On September 23, 2011, they engaged with online audiences during a CO.NX web chat.

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Special Envoy Rosenthal and Special Representative Pandith promote 2011 Hours Against Hate to foreign and domestic audiences, members of the press and engage virtually with online audiences

Spain, January 2011

Azerbaijan, February 2011

“IT’S A NOBLE JOB TO FIGHT HATRED”

Middle East Trip, June 2011

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During her visit to Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Lebanon, Special Envoy Rosenthal met with government officials, faith and women leaders, NGOs, and the media to discuss intolerance in textbooks, the need for Holocaust education, and 2011 Hours Against Hate

Lunch discussion with students from the University of Notre Dame, Beirut, Lebanon

PROGRAMMING AT THE STATE DEPARTMENT

Honoring those who combat hate

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Deborah Lipstadt, Dorot Professor of Modern Jewish History and Holocaust Studies at Emory University, speaking about the historic trial of Adolf Eichmann on the 50th anniversary of the start of the trial, at the Department of State on April 11, 2011

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In 2011, Special Envoy Rosenthal welcomed Dorot Professor of Modern Jewish History and Holocaust Studies Deborah Lipstadt and French Catholic Priest Father Patrick Desbois at the U.S. Department of State

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In 2010, Special Envoy Rosenthal hosted a film screening and panel discussion for “Among the Righteous: Lost Stories from the Holocaust’s Long Reach into Arab Lands” at the U.S. Department of State on June 1

Father Patrick Desbois, French Catholic Priest and founder of Yahad In Unum, accepting a Tribute of Appreciation Certificate on May 12, 2011.

INTERFAITH DIALOGUE

Engaging leaders across religious lines

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Panel discussion at the Islamic Society of North America on July 3, 2011: “Examining Muslim-Jewish Relations and Successful Interfaith Dialogue”

Special Envoy Rosenthal with Imam Magid, Congressman Ellison, at a Town Hall on anti-Semitism in Minneapolis attended by interfaith leaders and Jewish community leaders on May 18, 2011

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“Building partnerships and building bridges among ethnic and religious groups helps change a culture from fear and negative stereotyping to acceptance and understanding.” - Special Envoy Hannah Rosenthal

Delivering remarks at the American Islamic College Annual Conference "Islam and Muslims in America" on September 17, 2011

HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE EDUCATION

The importance of “never again”

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Special Envoy Rosenthal at the Kaunas seminar on Holocaust Education, June 2011, with Lithuanian government officials and teachers

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“The Holocaust forces us to question and discuss basic moral issues. It is a basis for understanding the foundations and consequences of prejudice, racism and stereotyping. It provides a context to study the nature of discrimination and the effects of extremist governments.” – Special Envoy Hannah Rosenthal

Delivering keynote remarks at a dinner for the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum on June 2, 2011 in New York City

Paying respects with Ambassador Moon to the remains of 613 victims of the Srebrenica genocide before burial on July 11, 2011

CONFERENCES

Promoting public discourse

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Addressing the European Jewish Press Conference in Europe in Brussels, Belgium on June 20, 2011.

Congressman Chris Smith, Ambassador Norman Eisen, Special Envoy Rosenthal, Ambassador Anne Derse, and Ambassador Ian Kelly at the OSCE conference on “Anti-Semitism in the Public Discourse” in Prague, Czech Republic on March 23, 2011

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Over the past two years, Special Envoy Rosenthal has been a featured speaker at numerous conferences on anti-Semitism, and invited to address Jewish and Muslim civil society groups to discuss anti-Semitism, intolerance, human rights, and Holocaust education.

CIVIL SOCETY

Building national and international coalitions

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