Textbook-Integrated Guide to Educational Resources

TIGER

Appreciating OxygenHilton M. WeissPhotosynthetic flora and microfauna utilize light from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen. While these carbohydrates and their derivative hydrocarbons are generally considered to be fuels, it is the thermodynamically energetic oxygen molecule that traps, stores, and provides almost all of the energy that powers life on earth.Weiss, Hilton M. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1218.

Bioenergetics |

Metabolism |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Photosynthesis |

Thermodynamics

Job's Analysis of the Range of the "Dalton Syringe Rocket"Natalie Barto, Brandon Henrie, and Ed VitzAn apparatus for safely igniting fuel gas/oxygen mixtures in a syringe and measuring the distance that the syringe is propelled is presented. The distance (range) is analyzed by the method of continuous variation (Job's Method) to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction.Barto, Natalie; Henrie, Brandon; Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1505.

The q/T Paradox: Which "Contains More Heat", a Cup of Coffee at 95°C or a Liter of Icewater?Ed Vitz and Michael J. SchumanIn this demonstration, heat is removed from 10 cm3 of water at ~95C and 42 cm3 of water at ~0C by adding each to a measured sample of liquid nitrogen. The heat removed from the water boils the N2(l), and the quantity of liquid nitrogen that is evaporated by boiling is determined. The quantity of heat that was absorbed is calculated from the heat of vaporization of liquid nitrogen and found to be about 10,000 J in the case of the hot water and 25,000 J in the case of the icewater.Vitz, Ed; Schuman, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 856.

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Heat Capacity |

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |

Thermodynamics

Teaching Entropy Analysis in the First-Year High School Course and BeyondThomas H. BindelA 16-day teaching unit is presented that develops chemical thermodynamics at the introductory high school level and beyond from exclusively an entropy viewpoint referred to as entropy analysis. Many concepts are presented, such as: entropy, spontaneity, the second law of thermodynamics, qualitative and quantitative entropy analysis, extent of reaction, thermodynamic equilibrium, coupled equilibria, and Gibbs free energy. Entropy is presented in a nontraditional way, using energy dispersal. Bindel, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 1585.

Why Chemical Reactions Happen (James Keeler and Peter Wothers)John KrenosBy concentrating on a limited number of model reactions, this book presents chemistry as a cohesive whole by tying together the fundamentals of thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, and quantum chemistry, mainly through the use of molecular orbital interpretations. Krenos, John. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 201.

Thermodynamics of Water Superheated in the Microwave OvenB. H. ErnéWater is conveniently heated above its normal boiling point in a microwave oven in a glass microwave oven teapot. Water stops boiling soon after heating is interrupted, but subsequently added rough particles can still act as nucleation centers for a brief, spectacular burst of steam bubbles. The heat to make those steam bubbles obviously comes from the water itself, so that one can conclude that the boiling water was superheated, which is confirmed with a thermometer.Erné, B. H. J. Chem. Educ.2000, 77, 1309.

The Thermodynamics of Drunk DrivingRobert Q. ThompsonBiological, chemical, and instrumental variables are described along with their contributions to the overall uncertainty in the value of BrAC/BAC. Thompson, Robert Q. J. Chem. Educ.1997, 74, 532.

Thermodynamics and the bounceCarraher, Charles E., Jr.Explaining the bouncing of a rubber ball using the laws of thermodynamics.Carraher, Charles E., Jr. J. Chem. Educ.1987, 64, 43.

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics and reactions in the dry wayTykodi, Ralph J.In dealing with reactions in the dry way, we can actually "see" in detail the workings of the thermodynamic machinery responsible for moving the reaction in the spontaneous direction. This note presents ideas at the general chemistry level.Tykodi, Ralph J. J. Chem. Educ.1986, 63, 107.

Le Châtelier's principle: the effect of temperature on the solubility of solids in liquidsBrice, L. K.The purpose of this article is to provide a rigorous but straightforward thermodynamic treatment of the temperature dependence of solubility of solids in liquids that is suitable for presentation at the undergraduate level. The present discussion may suggest how to approach the qualitative aspects of the subject for freshman.Brice, L. K. J. Chem. Educ.1983, 60, 387.

An alternative to free energy for undergraduate instructionStrong, Laurence E.; Halliwell, H. FrankIt is the purpose of this paper to question the usefulness of the Gibbs function for the student and to propose an alternative based on the use of entropy functions that help the student to focus more sharply on the features of a system that relate to its capacity to change.Strong, Laurence E.; Halliwell, H. Frank J. Chem. Educ.1970, 47, 347.

Thermodynamics

Our freshmen like the second lawCraig, Norman C.The author affirms the place of thermodynamics in the introductory chemistry course and outlines a presentation that has been used with students at this level.Craig, Norman C. J. Chem. Educ.1970, 47, 342.

Thermodynamics

Thermochemistry of hypochlorite oxidationsBigelow, M. JeromeStudents mix various proportions of aqueous sodium hypochlorite and sodium sulfite and plot the change in temperature to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction.Bigelow, M. Jerome J. Chem. Educ.1969, 46, 378.

Energy cyclesHaight, G. P., Jr.Points out limitations and potential pitfalls associated with the use energy cycles to show the atomic and molecular energy factors that may influence an observable chemical property.Haight, G. P., Jr. J. Chem. Educ.1968, 45, 420.

Thermodynamics

The use and misuse of the laws of thermodynamicsMcGlashan, M. L.Examines the first and second laws, the usefulness of thermodynamics, the calculation of equilibrium constants, and what entropy does not mean.McGlashan, M. L. J. Chem. Educ.1966, 43, 226.

Principles of chemical reactionSanderson, R. T.The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of chemical change in the hope of recognizing and setting forth the basic principles that help us to understand why they occur.Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ.1964, 41, 13.