..Because anxiety is often regarded as a precipitating factor in relapsing alcoholics, we decided to examine the consequences of stressing alcohol-preferring P rats on both voluntary alcohol drinking and withdrawal-induced anxiety...

..Together, these findings indicate that increased cytokine activity induces adaptive change that supports sensitization of ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety that may be linked to GABA(A)-receptor function...

The amygdala regulates the antianxiety sensitization effect of flumazenil during repeated chronic ethanol or repeated stress

..These results indicate that CRF released by stress acts on CRF-1 receptors within specific brain regions to produce a cumulative adaptation that sensitizes anxiety-like behavior during withdrawal from chronic ethanol exposure...

..While adolescent rats have differential responses to both acute and chronic ethanol treatments, the potential differences in the effects of repeated withdrawals in this population have yet to be determined...

Tiffany A WillsNeurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USAAlcohol Clin Exp Res 33:455-63. 2009

..Current experiments determined if adolescent rats exhibit sensitized anxiety-like behavior, the duration of this effect, if drug pretreatments blocked these effects, and if these effects differed from those seen in adults...

The alcohol deprivation effect in C57BL/6J mice is observed using operant self-administration procedures and is modulated by CRF-1 receptor signaling

..Therefore, we determined whether the ADE can be observed in C57BL/6J mice using operant self-administration procedures and if expression of the ADE is modulated by the corticotropin releasing factor-1 (CRF-1) receptor...

Effects of melanocortin receptor activation and blockade on ethanol intake: a possible role for the melanocortin-4 receptor

..Because anxiety may be a complicating factor in alcohol withdrawal and relapse, future studies of this type are needed to provide focus for the effort to define selective and novel antianxiety agents for these disorders...

..We determined whether high ethanol intake by the RIIbeta(-/-) mice on alternate genetic backgrounds is reliably predicted by high basal levels of anxiety or resistance to the sedative effects of ethanol...

..These findings indicate that the CRF system and CRF(1) receptors play key roles in the adaptive change responsible for the anxiety-like behavior induced by repeated withdrawals from chronic ethanol...

..Therefore, we determined whether the high ethanol consumption characteristic of RIIbeta(-/-) mice would be complemented by increased appetitive ethanol-seeking behavior in an operant paradigm...

The cytokine mRNA increase induced by withdrawal from chronic ethanol in the sterile environment of brain is mediated by CRF and HMGB1 release

Buddy A WhitmanBowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Department of Curriculum in Neurobiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North CarolinaAlcohol Clin Exp Res 37:2086-97. 2013

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Stress enhancement of craving during sobriety: a risk for relapse

George R BreeseBowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USAAlcohol Clin Exp Res 29:185-95. 2005

..Collectively, the presentations provided convincing support for an involvement of stress in the cause of relapse and continuing alcohol abuse and suggested novel pharmacological approaches for treating relapse induced by stress...

Involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in animal tests of anxiety and depression: evidence from genetic models

David H OverstreetBowles Center for Alcoholic Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599 7178, USAStress 6:101-10. 2003

..Further study with additional tests of anxiety are needed to confirm this intriguing relationship...

Sophia T PapadeasNeurobiology Curriculum, Department of Psychiatry and University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 7178, USAJ Neurosci 24:5863-76. 2004

..Ultimately, long-lasting phosphorylation of ERK and CREB in MPC may play a pivotal role in any permanent adaptive change(s) in these animals...

Integrative role for serotonergic and glutamatergic receptor mechanisms in the action of NMDA antagonists: potential relationships to antipsychotic drug actions on NMDA antagonist responsiveness