Bill of Rights/Amendments I–X

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion,2 or prohibiting the free exercise3 thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech,4 or of the press;5 or the right of the people peaceably to assemble,6 and to petition7 the Government for a redress of grievances.

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures14 , shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue15 , but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury,17except in cases arising in the land or naval forces,18 or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb;19nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself,20nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law;21nor shall private property be taken for public use,22 without just compensation.23

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy25 and public trial,26 by an impartial jury27of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed,28 which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation;29 to be confronted with the witnesses30 against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor,31 and to have the Assistance of Counsel32 for his defence.

In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury34 shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.35