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Historical Context Sojourner was born a slave and gained her freedom in 1827 Speech was made in response to a male audience member The speech was not generally accepted at the convention she spoke it at

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Speaker ¨ Sojourner Truth in ¨ Born in 1797, she had great presence as a result of her very low voice and tall height (5ft. 11). ¨ She was an ex-slave turned abolitionist. ¨ Truth spoke for African American rights, but was also an advocate for Womens rights.

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Purpose ¨ To gather women together for a common cause (their rights). ¨ To speak up for African American women.

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Argumentation ¨ “That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman?” (2 nd paragraph)

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Biblical Allusions ¨ “Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him.” (5 th paragraph) ¨ “If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone,” (6 th paragraph)

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Appeals Pathos Ethos Logos

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Pathos ¨ “Look at me Look at my arm! I have plowed and planted and gathered into barns and no man could head me...And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man--when I could get to it--and bear the lash as well and ain't I a woman? I have born 13 children and seen most all sold into slavery and when I cried out a mother's grief none but Jesus heard me...and ain't I a woman?” (2 nd paragraph) ¨ “If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down, all alone together women ought to be able to turn it rightside up again.” (5 th paragraph)

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Ethos ¨ “that little man in black there say a woman can't have as much rights as a man cause Christ wasn't a woman” (4 th paragraph)

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Logos ¨ “Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with him!” (4 th paragraph)

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Historical Context She traveled through the US and to Europe giving speeches a year for 45 years Anthony was one of seven children born in West Grove, Massachusetts She was born into a Quaker Society but left it as she saw hypocrisy in it Anthony joined with Stanton in organizing the first women's state temperance society in America after being refused admission to a previous convention on account of her sex in 1851

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Speaker ¨ Susan B. Anthony in ¨ Anthony was born in 1820 into a strict Quaker household. ¨ Began a public crusade on behalf of temperance.

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Purpose ¨ A persuasive and motivational speech arguing that women have just as much a right to vote as men do.

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Repetition ¨ Oligarchs--member of a small governing faction (ruling by a few). (5 th paragraph)

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Rhetorical Question ¨ “Are women persons?” (7 th paragraph)

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Appeals Logos Ethos Pathos

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Logos ¨ Susan B. Anthony primarily used logos in her work in order to support her opinion that women had just as much a right to vote as men did. ¨ “It shall be my work this evening to prove to you that in thus voting, I not only committed no crime, but, instead, simply exercised my citizen's rights, guaranteed to me and all United States citizens by the National Constitution, (1 st paragraph) beyond the power of any state to deny.” (1 st paragraph) ¨ “It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union.”(3 rd paragraph)

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Ethos ¨ “Friends and fellow citizens: I stand before you tonight under indictment for the alleged crime of having voted at the last presidential election, without having a lawful right to vote.” (1 st paragraph)

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Pathos ¨ “It is not a republic. It is an odious aristocracy; a hateful oligarchy of sex; the most hateful aristocracy ever established on the face of the globe; an oligarchy of wealth, where the rich govern the poor. An oligarchy of learning, where the educated govern the ignorant, or even an oligarchy of race, where the Saxon rules the African, might be endured; but this oligarchy of sex, which makes father, brothers, husband, sons, the oligarchs over the mother and sisters, the wife and daughters, of every household - which ordains all men sovereigns, all women subjects, carries dissension, discord, and rebellion into every home of the nation.” (5 th paragraph)

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Questions 1.What is one thing that Anthony references in her speech? 2.How many years did she give many speeches for? 3.What does she relate this discrimination to, and is also fighting for?

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4.Do you think this speech would have been as effective if she did not use anaphoras? 5.What does Anthony have against the government? 6.What are two rhetoric questions used in “Ain’t I a woman?”

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7.What do you think the purpose of the allusion is in “Ain’t I a woman?” 8.Why do you think Sojourner Truth uses repetition in her speech? 9.What is the main point that Sojourner is trying to make in her speech? 10. T / F Sojourner believes that woman can work just as hard as man.