Abstract:

A testing device applies a load controlled bending moment which is
constant along a length of an elongated member. The testing device also
includes a drive system which rotates the elongated member while the
bending load is applied to rapidly find defects which may only appear at
a particular rotational position to determine whether the bending
stiffness is uniform about the entire diameter of the elongated member.

Claims:

1. A constant moment testing device for an elongated member comprising:a
first support;a second support;a first holder pivotable relative said
first support, said first holder having a first opening to receive the
elongated member along an axis;a second holder pivotable relative said
second support, said second holder having a second opening to receive the
elongated member along the axis;an actuator system to apply a load to
said first holder and said second holder transverse to said axis; anda
controller operable to determine a radius of curvature of the elongated
member relative said axis.

2. The testing device as recited in claim 1, wherein said actuator system
includes a load cell.

3. The testing device as recited in claim 1, wherein said actuator system
includes a pneumatic actuator.

4. The testing device as recited in claim 1, wherein said actuator system
includes a hydraulic actuator.

5. The testing device as recited in claim 1, wherein said actuator system
includes a mass application system.

6. The testing device as recited in claim 1, further comprising a sensor
system in communication with said controller, said sensor system operable
to measure the radius of curvature.

7. The testing device as recited in claim 1, further comprising a bearing
within each of said first holder and said second holder to rotationally
support the elongated member.

8. The testing device as recited in claim 7, further comprising a drive
system to rotate the elongated member within the said first holder and
said second holder while said actuator system applies said load to said
first holder and said second holder.

9. A method of structural strength testing an elongated member comprising
the steps of:(A) locating an elongated member within a first holder and a
second holder along an axis;(B) applying a load to the first holder and
the second holder; and(C) determining a radius of curvature of the
elongated member relative said axis.

10. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein said step (A) further
comprises:(a) transiting the elongated member through the first holder
and the second holder to test discrete segments of the elongated member.

11. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein said step (B) further
comprises:(a) rotating the elongated member within the first holder and
the second holder while applying the load.

12. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein said step (B) further
comprises:(a) applying a load of a predetermined constant value.

13. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein said step (B) further
comprises:(a) applying a load of increasing value.

14. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein said step (B) further
comprises:(a) applying a load of increasing value until the elongated
member fails.

15. A method of structural strength testing an elongated member comprising
the steps of:(A) locating an elongated member within a first holder and a
second holder along an axis;(B) applying a load to the first holder and
the second holder;(C) rotating the elongated member within the first
holder and the second holder during said step (B); and(D) determining a
radius of curvature of the elongated member relative said axis.

16. A method as recited in claim 15, wherein said step (B) further
comprises:(a) applying a load of a predetermined constant value.

17. A method as recited in claim 15, wherein said step (B) further
comprises:(a) applying a load of increasing value.

18. A method as recited in claim 15, wherein said step (B) further
comprises:(a) applying a load of increasing value until the elongated
member fails.

19. A method as recited in claim 15, wherein said step (A) further
comprises:(a) continually transiting the elongated member through the
first holder and the second holder to sequentially test discrete segments
of the elongated member.

Description:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001]The present invention relates to a structural testing device, and
more particularly to a load controlled bending moment testing device
which applies a constant moment along an elongated member.

[0002]Conventional structural testing is often performed with a
three-point or four-point testing device as illustrated in FIG. 1A.
Performing such structural tests on elongated members may be complicated
as the elongated member tends to buckle at the discrete location of load
application. In the case of thin hollow-walled shaft members, the
concentrated shear loads (FIG. 1B) from such point bending testing may
also cause local damage while generally under predicting the actual
strength of the shaft.

[0003]Additionally, conventional point testing does not apply a constant
bending moment along the entire length of the elongated member. Should
the testing be structured as proof testing to eliminate flawed members,
such testing may not eliminate all flawed members since a length ramped
portion in FIG. 1C of the elongated member may not be subjected to the
desired proof bending stress (FIG. 1C).

[0004]Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a structural testing device
which determines nominal strength of an elongated member through
application of a constant moment along the length of the elongated member
without application of concentrated shear loads directly to the member.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005]The testing device according to the present invention applies a load
controlled bending moment which is constant along a length of an
elongated member. The load is applied to determine the nominal strength
of the elongated member from the radius of curvature of the elongated
member. The load can also be increased until the elongated member
fractures such that the ultimate bending moment and radius of curvature
are determined.

[0006]The testing device also includes a drive system which rotates the
elongated member while the bending load is applied to rapidly find flaws
or defects which may only appear at a particular rotational position and
determine if bending stiffness is uniform about the entire diameter of
the elongated member.

[0007]The present invention therefore provides a structural testing device
which determines nominal strength of an elongated member through
application of a constant moment along the length of the elongated member
without application of concentrated shear loads directly to the member.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008]The various features and advantages of this invention will become
apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed
description of the currently disclosed embodiment. The drawings that
accompany the detailed description can be briefly described as follows:

[0009]FIG. 1A is a schematic view of a PRIOR ART point testing device;

[0010]FIG. 1B is a graphically representation of a shear diagram provided
by the schematic view of a PRIOR ART point testing device of FIG. 1A;

[0011]FIG. 1C is a graphically representation of a moment diagram which
illustrates the non-constant moment provided by the schematic view of a
PRIOR ART point testing device of FIG. 1A;

[0012]FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a testing device which applies a load
controlled bending moment which is constant along a length of an
elongated member to be tested;

[0013]FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another testing device which applies a
load controlled bending moment which is constant along a length of an
elongated member to be tested;

[0014]FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the testing device applying a bending
load to the elongated member illustrating the radius of curvature in an
exaggerated fashion for illustrated purposes; and

[0015]FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another testing device with a
rotational drive system which rotates the elongated member while the
bending load is applied to detect flaws which may only appear at a
particular rotational position of the elongated member.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSED EMBODIMENT

[0016]FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a testing device 10 which applies a
load controlled bending moment which is constant along a length of an
elongated member M which is to be tested. The elongated member M may take
various forms but is typically a thin wall hollow metallic or composite
shaft or tube as well as other solid elongated members such as rods.
Still other elongated members may also be tested including beams and
members which are non-circular in cross-section.

[0017]The testing device 10 generally includes a first support 12 and a
second support 14 which both rest on a support surface 16. A first holder
18 rests upon the first support 12 and a second holder 20 rests on the
second support 14. The first holder 18 pivots upon the first support 12
about a first pivot axis P1 and the second holder 20 pivots upon the
second support 14 about a second pivot axis P2. It should be understood
that various pivot systems may be utilized to define the pivot axes P1,
P2.

[0018]The first holder 18 and the second holder 20 include a respective
opening 22, 24 which receives the elongated member M in a sliding
relationship. That is, each opening 22, 24 is sized to receive the
elongated member M such that the elongated member M is closely held but
may slide therethrough along an axis A.

[0019]Each holder 18, 20 is subjected to a bending load (illustrated
schematically by arrow L applied through an actuator system 26 such as a
pneumatic actuator, hydraulic actuator or a mass application system (FIG.
3). It should be understood that various actuator systems, load cells or
such like may be utilized to apply the load.

[0020]The load L is applied to generate a bending moment which results in
a radius of curvature of the elongated member M about the pivot axes P1,
P2 (FIG. 4). The radius of curvature (illustrated in an exaggerated form
in FIG. 4) is measured by a sensor system S (illustrated schematically)
and the nominal strength of the elongated member M is determined by a
controller C (illustrated schematically).

[0021]Referring to FIG. 3, the mass application system 26' in the
illustrated embodiment may include a system of pulleys 28A-28D. A cable
30 affixed to the first holder 18 passes around pulley 28A, around pulley
28B, around pulley 28C, then back around pulley 28B. Pulley 28C is
generally below pulley 28B relative the support surface 16. The cable 30
changes direction around pulley 28B to extend around pulley 28D where the
cable 30 is affixed to the second holder 20. A mass 30 is attached to
pulley 28C such that an equal load is applied to the first holder 18 and
the second holder 20 through the mass application system 26'.

[0022]The load applied by the mass 30 through the mass application system
26' may result in a radius of curvature of the elongated member M about
the pivot axes P1, P2 (FIG. 4). It should be understood that various mass
application pulley systems and the like may be usable with the present
invention. Notably, in addition to measurement of the radius of curvature
of the elongated member M curvature, any appreciable motion of the mass
may alternatively or additionally be measured by the sensor system S to
readily indicate non-symmetric stiffness or non-straightness.

[0023]Under a non-destructive proof test scenario, a predetermined load is
applied and the radius of curvature of the elongated member M under the
predetermined load is calculated to detect a flaw. That is, the
predetermined load is applied such that if the radius of curvature
remains below a predetermined value, the elongated member has
successfully passed the test. Such testing is readily applied to an
elongated member M of significant length which is continuously supplied
through the holders 18, 20 so that a predetermined length of the
elongated member is tested in an essentially continuous manner as the
elongated member M passes therethrough. Such testing is particularly
applicable during manufacture, for example, along an assembly line in
which lengths of elongated material M are communicated thereby.

[0024]Under a destructive test scenario, the load L is increased until the
elongated member fractures or buckles, at which time the ultimate bending
moment and radius of curvature is readily determined. That is, the
elongated member is tested to failure. The structural member M stress and
strain at various axial and radial positions may thereafter be determined
as generally understood.

[0025]Referring to FIG. 5, each holder 18, 20 further includes a bearing
32 which permits the elongated member M to rotate therein in response to
a drive system 34. The drive system 34 rotates the elongated member M
while the bending load is applied to rapidly find flaws or defects which
may only appear at a particular rotational position of the elongated
member M. Such testing readily facilitates determination of whether the
bending stiffness is uniform about the entire diameter of the elongated
member M.

[0026]Although particular step sequences are shown, described, and claimed
herein, it should be understood that steps may be performed in any order,
separated or combined unless otherwise indicated yet still benefit from
the present invention.

[0027]The foregoing description is exemplary rather than defined by the
limitations within. Many modifications and variations of the present
invention are possible in light of the above teachings. The disclosed
embodiments of this invention have been disclosed, however, one of
ordinary skill in the art would recognize that certain modifications
would come within the scope of this invention. It is, therefore, to be
understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention
may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described. For that
reason the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope
and content of this invention.