鰑bstantial, * where Mother Mary o■f the Incarnation ruled her p■upils and her nuns; and a little further on, t■owards the

right, was the H?tel Dieu. ■Between them were the massive buildings of the J■esuits, then as now facing the princi●pal squa

re. At one side was th■eir church, newly finished; and opp■osite, across the square, stood ●and still stands the great chur

ch■ of Notre Dame. Behind the church w●as Laval’s seminary, with the extens●ive enclosures belonging to it.■ The sénéchaussée or court-house, the tave●rn of one Jacques Boisdon on the square near the● church, and a few houses along ●the line o

f what is now St. Louis Street, com●prised nearly all the civil part of t■he Upper Town. The ecclesiastical bu■ildings were of stone, and the chur■ch of Notre Dame and the Jesuit College w●ere marvels of size and solidity in view ●of the poverty an

d weakness ●of the colony. **
Proceeding upward along ●the north shore of the St. Lawrenc●e, one found a cluster of houses at Cap Rou■ge, and, further on, the frequent ru■de beginnings of a seigniory. The settlements ●thickened on
* There is an● engraving of it in Abbé Casgr●ain’s
interesting Vie de Marie de● l'Incarnation. It was burned in
1686.
■ ** The

first stone of Notre Dame ●de Quebec was laid in
Septem■ber, 1647, and the first mass ■was said in it on the
24th ■of December, 1650. The side walls still● remain as part
of the presen●t structure. The Jesuit college was also● begun
in 1647. The walls and ro■of were finished in 1649. The
c●hurch connected with it, since destroyed, wa●s begun in
1666. Journal des■ Jésuites.
approaching Three River■s, a fur-trading hamlet enclosed w

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ith a s●quare palisade. Above this place, a line o■f incipient seigniories bordered t■he river, most of them granted ●to officers: Laubia, a captain; Labadie, a serg●eant; Mor

as, an ensign; Berthier, a capt■ain; Raudin, an ensign; La Va●lterie, a lieutenant. * Under their ausp■ices, settlers, military and ●civilian, were ranging themsel■ves along the sho

re, and ugly gaps in the● forest thickly set with stumps● bore witness to their toils. The●se settlements rapidly extended, till in a few ■years a chain of houses and clear■

ings reached with little int■erruption from Quebec to Montreal. Such ●was the fruit of Tracy’s chas■tisement of the Mohawks, and the influx o■f immigrants that followed.
As you approa■ched Montreal,

the fortified m■ill built by the Sulpitians at Poin●t aux Trembles tow