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Meanings of some words

Hello dear teachers
I am now translating a text .. I faced some problems with some words .. could anyone please help me and give me the meanings of the following words
here is the text .. I just need the words I bolded in red

Re: Meanings of some words

You will know from the rest of the text that these words are to do with railways and building a railway line.

sleeper : one of the wooden or concrete beams laid at right angles to, and under, a railway line to support it.

sleepers, and so also the railway lines they support, are laid on top of, and surrounded by gravel ballast. This is necessary to keep the line rigid and in place - those lines carry a lot of weight at fast speeds, with potential to really shake the lines about.