Akin Has Company: 5 Politicians Who Got the Science Wrong

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Rep. Todd Akin (R-Mo) is in hot water with the public — and his
own political party — for claiming that pregnancy from
"legitimate rape" is rare because "the female body has ways to
try to shut that whole thing down."

Akin's
extremely non-scientific beliefs (which he has since
recanted) put him in the company of a number of politicians who
have made scientific claims that don't quite stand up to
scrutiny. Here's a sample:

1. Rick Santorum's "tell that to a plant"

Former Pennsylvania senator Rick Santorum is an avid denier of
global warming, decrying warnings of climate change as a hoax. In
one of his more memorable comments, Santorum scoffed at fears of
carbon emissions in a speech at the Gulf Coast Energy Summit in
Biloxi, Miss.

"The dangers of carbon
dioxide ?" Santorum said on March 12, 2012. "Tell that to a
plant, how dangerous carbon dioxide is."

Santorum is not alone in his use of the "carbon is not dangerous"
talking point. Rep. Michele Bachmann (R-Minn.) has downplayed
human carbon emissions arguing that carbon dioxide is "natural,"
and saying, "life on planet Earth can't even exist without carbon
dioxide." [ Busted!
10 Climate Change Myths ]

Plants do require carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. But what's
the saying about too much of a good thing? In fact, too much CO2
can actually decrease photosynthesis in some plants, according to
a 1985 study published in the journal Photosynthesis Research.
Overdosing on CO2 can also prevent some grasses, including wheat,
from taking up nitrate, a crucial nutrient for plant growth,
according to research published in the journal Science in 2010.

More importantly, carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, meaning it
traps heat in our atmosphere. As such the gas can be very
dangerous if it means an increase in global average temperatures
that
melt ice caps, raise sea levels and cause more
extreme weather events.

2. Michele Bachmann's vaccine blunder

After a Republican debate in September 2011, then-presidential
nominee hopeful Rep. Michele Bachmann went on Fox News and NBC
with an anecdote warning against Gardasil, a vaccine that
protects against a virus that can cause cervical cancer.

"There’s a woman who came up crying to me tonight after the
debate," Bachmann told Fox's Greta Van Susteren. "She said her
daughter was given that vaccine. She told me her daughter
suffered mental retardation as a result of that vaccine. There
are very dangerous consequences."

Bachmann's comments reflect anti-vaccine
notions found on both the political right and left, but they
don't appear to reflect reality. The Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
keep a national database of adverse vaccine reactions. For
Gardasil, the most common problems are fainting (from the jab),
pain and redness at the site of the injection, and dizziness,
nausea and headache. There have not been reports of mental
retardation caused by the vaccine.

3. Christine O'Donnell and the mice with human
brains

Sometimes, political science-gaffes spring from misremembered
news bites. That seems to be the case for Christine O'Donnell, a
Tea Party favorite who, during an appearance on The O'Reilly
Factor in 2007, made a strange case against cloning and stem-cell
research.

"American scientific companies are cross-breeding humans and
animals and coming up with mice with fully functioning human
brains," O'Donnell said. "So they're already into this
experiment."

Not quite. It seems the research O'Donnell was referring to was a
2005 study in which fetal mice were injected
with human embryonic stem cells. The mice were born with
human brain cells in their skulls, but certainly not human brains
— and there was no "cross-breeding" involved. The mouse brains
were more than 99 percent mouse cells, and the interloping
neurons did not change the rodents' behavior. The ultimate goal
of the study was to develop stem-cell treatments for neurological
diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

"I thought I would share with you what science says today about
silicone breast implants," the Washington Post quotes Coburn
saying. "If you have them, you're healthier than if you don't.
That is what the ultimate science shows. … In fact, there's no
science that shows that silicone breast implants are detrimental
and, in fact, they make you healthier."

It's not entirely clear what health benefits Coburn was referring
to, though SourceWatch, a website run by the Center for Media and
Democracy, suggests that perhaps he meant to reference a 2005
study published in the journal Breast Cancer Research that found
that women who got breast implants after mastectomy from
early-stage cancer had less risk for later breast cancer
mortality than women who did not get them. The women with
implants were younger and less likely to have disease that had
spread than the women who did not get the implants, however.
[ Cleavage
Countdown: 8 Facts About Breasts ]

According to the National Cancer Institute, there is no
association between breast implants and later breast cancer. The
center did not, however, report any health benefits for a boob
job.

5. Barack Obama's autism waffling

During the presidential campaign of 2008, then-candidate Barack
Obama struggled with the science of vaccines and autism. At a
rally in Pennsylvania, Obama told the crowd, "We've seen just a
skyrocketing
autism rate. Some people are suspicious that it's connected
to the vaccines … The science right now is inconclusive, but we
have to research it."

While Obama avoided touting a link between
vaccines and autism, his statement on "inconclusive" research
doesn't pass muster. There is no evidence that vaccines cause
autism, despite multiple studies that attempted to find such a
link. In fact, the study that first touted this link was
retracted in 2010 by the journal The Lancet, after an independent
council concluded that the study was fatally flawed. For example,
the 12 children in the study were cherry-picked by the
researchers rather than being an arbitrary sample of patients as
the paper had claimed.