Charles Hoffner, age 22, opened the tournament with a 72 to take the first round lead,[6] but he fell off the pace with a 78 in the second round. Mike Brady carded consecutive rounds of 74 to take the 36-hole lead by two over Hoffner, with Walter Hagen in a group three back.[7] Brady shot 73 in the third round and opened up a commanding five-shot lead over Hagen; in the final round, he stumbled to an 80 for 301 total, allowing Hagen back into the championship. Hagen had a 10-footer (3 m) to win at the 18th, but his putt lipped out.[8]

In the playoff the next day, Hagen carried a two-stroke lead to the 17th but then bogeyed to see his lead cut to one, but both players made par on the 18th, giving Hagen the title. Hagen's victory in the playoff came after he partied with entertainer Al Jolson all night before showing up to play.

This was the first U.S. Open to be played over three days, with the first and second rounds played on the first two days and the third and final rounds played on the last day (Wednesday), it reverted to the two-day schedule the following year; the three-day schedule returned in 1926 and the four-day schedule began in 1965.

Willie Chisholm set an unfortunate tournament record in the first round at the par-3 8th hole. His approach shot landed in a rocky ravine and he took several shots to get out, he eventually settled for an 18 on the hole, a dubious record that would stand until a 19 was recorded in 1938.

1.
West Newton, Massachusetts
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West Newton is a village of the City of Newton, Massachusetts and is one of the oldest of the thirteen Newton villages. The postal code 02465 roughly matches the village limits, the West Newton train stop is located near a still-standing inn that served as a stagecoach stop. The station was destroyed in the construction of the Massachusetts Turnpike, West Newton Square, the town center of West Newton is home to many local businesses and venues. These include the historic West Newton Cinema, a theatre that shows independent films. Many popular restaurants are located in West Newton, ranging from the upscale French bistro Lumiere to Sweet Tomatoes Pizza, blue Ribbon Bar-B-Q is another local favorite, and attracts fans from far and wide. There are several buildings in West Newton Square. They include the Newton Police Department and the courthouse, both located on Washington Street, as well as the Chinese Community Center on Elm Street. The square once had a branch of the Newton Free Library as well as the Davis Elementary School on Waltham Street, both closed in the 1980s owing to municipal financial constraints. The library building on Chestnut Street is now a police annex, tony moved the business to a corner location out of the way of the turnpike, but to the detriment of the old-fashioned atmosphere. The new place was called the Newtondale Pharmacy, the Block - at Washington St. and Davis Court. 1st floor was store fronts, the floors were apartments. When you went around to the back you could see all the back porches which overlooked a lot with railroad cars, Davis Ct - still exists as completely commercial, however, the houses scattered on the land are all gone,5 Davis Court was a duplex. West Newton is served by the MBTA Commuter Rail and is one mile from the Woodland station on the Green Line D Branch. West Newton is also served by express buses 505,553,554 that provide service to Boston, West Newton also has easy access to the Massachusetts Turnpike and Route 128 /I-95. The Massachusetts Turnpike runs through West Newton, routes 30 and 16 also pass through the West Newton. Arthur F. Luke House —221 Prince St. Brae-Burn Historic District — Brae Burn and Windmere Rds. First Unitarian Society in Newton —1326 Washington St. Galen Merriam House —102 Highland St. George W. Eddy House —85 Bigelow Rd. House at 170 Otis Street —170 Otis St. Levi Warren Jr. High School —1600 Washington St. Nathaniel Topliff Allen Homestead —25 Webster St. Peirce School —88 Chestnut St. Railroad Hotel — 1273-1279 Washington St

2.
Brae Burn Country Club
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Brae Burn Country Club is a golf course located in West Newton, Massachusetts. Designed by Donald Ross, Brae Burn has hosted seven USGA Championships, including the 1919 U. S. Open, Brae Burn is most noted for its diabolical greens, and classic layout. Brae Burn Country Club is located in West Newton, at 326 Fuller Street, Day, along with his brother Frank A. Day, were active in founding the club. Henry also served as the president from 1921 to 1928. The original six-hole layout ran on both sides of Commonwealth Ave. using the home grounds and unoccupied land to lay out the course. The club was incorporated with a course in 1897, used until 1903. It was on this layout that Brae Burn received much notoriety for its layout, hosting the 1906 United States Women’s Amateur Champion, won by Harriot Curtis. In 1912, Scotsman Donald Ross underwent his first redesign of the original eighteen-hole layout, following the success of his restoration came Brae Burn’s second United States Golf Association Championship, the 1919 United States Men’s Open Championship. The event was won by the formidable Sir Walter Hagen, in 1928 Donald Ross made a return visit to Brae Burn to revamp the course for the club’s hosting of the 1928 United States Men’s Amateur Championship. A modification of the eighteenth hole included a tee, subsequently coined the “Jones Tee”. Since 1928, the course has remained the same, only a few alterations to tee boxes, Brae Burn continued to host national championships, including the Curtis Cup in 1958 and 1970, and the U. S. Women’s Amateur in 1975. In Brae Burn’s centennial year,1997, the U. S. Women’s Amateur returned, in which Italy’s first amateur champion, Silvia Cavalieri, defeated Robin Burke of the United States, 5&4. Today Brae Burn is a member of both the USGA and the Massachusetts Golf Association, and actively participates as a host club for various MGA events, Brae Burn Country Club, 1897–1997, Centenary, One Hundred Years of Golf and Family Life

3.
United States Golf Association
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The United States Golf Association is the United States national association of golf courses, clubs and facilities and the governing body of golf for the U. S. and Mexico. Together with The R&A, the USGA produces and interprets the rules of golf, the USGA also provides a national handicap system for golfers, conducts 13 national championships, including the U. S. Open, U. S. Womens Open and U. S. Senior Open, and tests golf equipment for conformity with regulations, in addition, the USGA is a leader in turfgrass research through its Green Section and it provides hundreds of grants to grass-roots programs through its Foundation in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The USGA Foundation has provided more than $60 million in grants to programs for underprivileged youth and it is the largest contributor to The First Tee program. The USGA is currently led by Executive Director Mike Davis, and President Thomas J. OToole Jr. and is headquartered at Golf House in Far Hills, the Bob Jones Award is the highest honor given by the United States Golf Association in recognition of distinguished sportsmanship in golf. The inaugural award was given in 1955, the USGA was originally formed in 1894 to resolve the question of a national amateur championship. Earlier that year, the Newport Country Club and Saint Andrews Golf Club, Yonkers, New York and that autumn, delegates from Newport, St. On December 22,1894, the Amateur Golf Association of the United States was officially formed, theodore Havemeyer was the first president, and the U. S. Amateur trophy is named in his honor. The first U. S. Amateur was held in 1895 at the Newport Country Club, the first U. S. Open was held the following day, almost as an afterthought. It was not until 1898 that the two events were held at separate clubs, today, the USGA administers 13 separate national championships, ten of which are expressly for amateurs. The USGA gradually expanded its membership from the five clubs. There were 267 club members in 1910, and 1,138 clubs by 1932, membership fell off during the Great Depression and World War II, but recovered by 1947. By 1980 there were over 5,000 clubs, and today membership exceeds 9,700. On September 17,1956, Ann Gregory began competing in the U. S. Womens Amateur Championship, the USGA organizes or co-organizes the following competitions, An open golf championship is one which both professionals and amateurs may enter. In practice, such events are won by professionals nowadays. The two leading opens in the U. S. are, U. S. Open – no age or gender restrictions, established in 1895, it is the second-oldest of the four major championships. U. S. Womens Open – females, no age restrictions, established in 1946 and administered by the USGA since 1953, it is the oldest of the five womens majors. The last win by an amateur at the U. S. Open was 84 years ago in 1933, the USGA also conducts the U. S

4.
United States dollar
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The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution. It is divided into 100 smaller cent units, the circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars. The U. S. dollar was originally commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain pure or 416 grain standard silver, the currency most used in international transactions, it is the worlds primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean, the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U. S. coins that can be used as payment in U. S. dollars. After Nixon shock of 1971, USD became fiat currency, Article I, Section 8 of the U. S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power To coin money, laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U. S. C. Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued and these coins are both designated in Section 5112 as legal tender in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar, the pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins and these other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar. The Constitution provides that a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and that provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the Statements are currently being expressed in U. S. dollars, the U. S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States. The word dollar is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution, there, dollars is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U. S. Congress passed a Coinage Act, Section 20 of the act provided, That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units. And that all accounts in the offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation. In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States, unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U. S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the form is significantly more common

5.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci

6.
Walter Hagen
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Walter Charles Hagen was an American professional golfer and a major figure in golf in the first half of the 20th century. His tally of 11 professional majors is third behind Jack Nicklaus, Hagen won the U. S. Open twice, and in 1922 he became the first native-born American to win the British Open, and won the Claret Jug three more times. He also won the PGA Championship a record-tying five times, Hagen totaled 45 PGA wins in his career, and was a six-time Ryder Cup captain. The Masters Tournament, the newest major, was established in 1934, born in Rochester, New York, Hagen came from a working-class family of German descent. His parents were William and Louisa Hagen, his father worked as a millwright, Walter was the second of William and Louisas five children and the only son. Hagen developed his game at the Country Club of Rochester, beginning as a caddy. He earned ten cents per round and was occasionally tipped another five cents, Hagen played golf at every chance he got, caddy access to the course was limited to off-peak times, as it was elsewhere in the U. S. during that era. He made his top-class professional debut at age 19 at the 1912 Canadian Open, placing 11th, a good showing. Hagen followed up with a surprise 4th place showing at the 1913 U. S. Open at Brookline where he stated that he was treated badly by the professionals who knew nothing about him. Hagen said they pushed me off the tee and told me I could practice when they were through and he vowed to play in the 1914 U. S. Open and win it, and he did exactly that. Hagen was also skilled at baseball, primarily as a pitcher. He canceled a 1914 tryout for the Philadelphia Phillies in order to play in a golf tournament, later that week, Hagen was the U. S. Open Champion, and his career was changed forever. Hagen was a key figure in the development of professional golf and he emerged in an era when the division between amateurs and professionals was often stark, with the amateurs having the upper hand in some sports, golf among them. This was especially true in the United Kingdom, which was the country in competitive golf when Hagen began his career. Golf professionals were not allowed to partake of the facilities of the clubhouse, on one occasion, at the 1920 British Open in Deal, Kent, Hagen hired a Pierce-Arrow car to serve as his private dressing room, because he was refused entrance to the clubhouse dressing room. He hired a chauffeur, and parked the car in the clubs driveway. On another occasion, he refused to enter a clubhouse to claim his prize because he had earlier been denied entrance. The 1920 U. S. Hagen represented the Country Club of Rochester early in his competitive career, he was well supported by its members

7.
Massachusetts
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It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston, over 80% of Massachusetts population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution, during the 20th century, Massachusetts economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance. Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, in 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of Americas most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials. In 1777, General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory, which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances, in 1786, Shays Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. In the 18th century, the Protestant First Great Awakening, which swept the Atlantic World, in the late 18th century, Boston became known as the Cradle of Liberty for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution. The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War, Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist, temperance, in the late 19th century, the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke, respectively. Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state, including the Adams, both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Massachusetts public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance, the official name of the state is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. While this designation is part of the official name, it has no practical implications. Massachusetts has the position and powers within the United States as other states. Massachusetts was originally inhabited by tribes of the Algonquian language family such as the Wampanoag, Narragansett, Nipmuc, Pocomtuc, Mahican, and Massachusett. While cultivation of crops like squash and corn supplemented their diets, villages consisted of lodges called wigwams as well as longhouses, and tribes were led by male or female elders known as sachems. Between 1617 and 1619, smallpox killed approximately 90% of the Massachusetts Bay Native Americans, the first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, arrived via the Mayflower at Plymouth in 1620, and developed friendly relations with the native Wampanoag people. This was the second successful permanent English colony in the part of North America that later became the United States, the event known as the First Thanksgiving was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World which lasted for three days

8.
U.S. Open (golf)
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The United States Open Championship, commonly known as the U. S. Open, is the annual open national championship of golf in the United States. It is the second of the four championships in golf. It is staged by the United States Golf Association in mid-June, scheduled so that, if there are no delays, the final round is played on the third Sunday. The U. S. Open is staged at a variety of courses, U. S. Open play is characterized by tight scoring at or around par by the leaders, with the winner usually emerging at around even par. A U. S. Open course is seldom beaten severely, some courses that are attempting to get into the rotation for the U. S. Open will undergo renovations to develop these features. Rees Jones is the most notable of the Open Doctors who take on these projects, as with any professional golf tournament, the available space surrounding the course and local infrastructure also factor into deciding which courses will host the event. The first U. S. Open was played on October 4,1895, on a course at the Newport Country Club in Newport. It was a 36-hole competition and was played in a single day, ten professionals and one amateur entered. The winner was a 21-year-old Englishman named Horace Rawlins, who had arrived in the U. S. in January that year to take up a position at the host club. He received $150 cash out of a fund of $335, plus a $50 gold medal, his club received the Open Championship Cup trophy. In the beginning, the tournament was dominated by experienced British players until 1911, American golfers soon began to win regularly and the tournament evolved to become one of the four majors. Since 1911, the title has been won mostly by players from the United States, since 1950, players from only six countries other than the United States have won the championship, most notably South Africa, which has won five times since 1965. A streak of four consecutive non-American winners occurred from 2004 to 2007 for the first time since 1910 and these four players, South African Retief Goosen, New Zealander Michael Campbell, Australian Geoff Ogilvy and Argentine Ángel Cabrera, are all from countries in the Southern Hemisphere. The U. S. Open is open to any professional, Players may obtain a place by being fully exempt or by competing successfully in qualifying. About half of the field is made up of players who are exempt from qualifying. Senior Open Top 10 finishers and ties from the previous years U. S, the exemptions for amateurs apply only if the players remain amateurs as of the tournament date. Before 2011, the sole OWGR cutoff for entry was the top 50 as of two weeks before the tournament. Through 2011, exemptions existed for leading money winners on the PGA, European, Japanese and these categories were eliminated in favor of inviting the top 60 on the OWGR at both relevant dates

9.
Boston
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Boston is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1,1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles with a population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area, this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon U. S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education, through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year, Bostons many firsts include the United States first public school, Boston Latin School, first subway system, the Tremont Street Subway, and first public park, Boston Common. Bostons economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, the city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings. Bostons early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the renaming on September 7,1630 was by Puritan colonists from England who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water. Their settlement was limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River. The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC, in 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colonys first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history, over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their Indian allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century, Bostons harbor activity was significantly curtailed by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812. Foreign trade returned after these hostilities, but Bostons merchants had found alternatives for their investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the economy, and the citys industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance by the mid-19th century. Boston remained one of the nations largest manufacturing centers until the early 20th century, a network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a network of railroads furthered the regions industry. Boston was a port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies

10.
Mike Brady (golfer)
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Michael Joseph Brady was an American professional golfer. Brady was born in Brighton, Massachusetts, Brady won nine PGA events between 1916 and 1926. He lost in a playoff to John McDermott in the 1911 U. S. Open. He lost to Walter Hagen in a playoff in the 1919 U. S. Open at the Brae Burn Country Club. Hagen promptly resigned his club pro job at Oakland Hills Country Club after winning, Brady subsequently won the 1922 Western Open at Oakland Hills. Brady died in Dunedin, Florida at the age of 85

11.
Men's major golf championships
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The mens major golf championships, commonly known as the Major Championships, and often referred to simply as the majors, are the four most prestigious annual tournaments in professional golf. In order of date, they are, April – Masters Tournament – hosted as an invitational by. June – U. S. Open – hosted by the United States Golf Association and played at various locations in the United States. July – The Open Championship – hosted by The R&A, an offshoot of The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, august – PGA Championship – hosted by the Professional Golfers Association of America and played at various locations in the United States. Alongside the biennial Ryder Cup and Presidents Cup team competitions, the majors are golfs marquee events, the top prizes are not actually the largest in golf, being surpassed by The Players Championship, three of the four World Golf Championships events, and some other invitational events. However, winning a major boosts a players career far more than winning any other tournament, if he is already a leading player, he will probably receive large bonuses from his sponsors and may be able to negotiate better contracts. If he is an unknown, he will immediately be signed up, perhaps more importantly, he will receive an exemption from the need to annually re-qualify for a tour card on his home tour, thus giving a tournament golfer some security in an unstable profession. Currently, the PGA Tour gives a five-year exemption to all major winners, three of the four majors take place in the United States. The Masters is played at the course, Augusta National Golf Club, every year. Each of the majors has a history, and they are run by four different golf organizations. As The Players has the largest prize fund of any golf event, the majors originally consisted of two British tournaments, The Open Championship and The Amateur Championship, and two American tournaments, the U. S. Open and the U. S. Amateur. It is difficult to determine when the changed to include the current four tournaments. The oldest of the majors is The Open Championship, commonly referred to as the British Open outside the United Kingdom, dominated by American champions in the 1920s and 1930s, the comparative explosion in the riches available on the U. S. Tour from the 1940s onwards meant that the overseas trip needed to qualify. Their regular participation dwindled after the war years, Ben Hogan entered just once in 1953 and won, but never returned. Sam Snead won in 1946 but lost money on the trip, Golf writer Dan Jenkins – often seen as the world authority on majors since hes attended more than anyone else – has noted that the pros didnt talk much about majors back then. I think it was Herbert Warren Wind who starting using the term and he said golfers had to be judged by the major tournaments they won, but its not like there was any set number of major tournaments. In 1960, Arnold Palmer entered The Open Championship in an attempt to emulate Hogans 1953 feat of winning on his first visit, though a runner-up by a stroke in his first attempt, Palmer returned and won the next two in 1961 and 1962

12.
World War I
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World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history and it was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. The war drew in all the worlds great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances, the Allies versus the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. These alliances were reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war, Italy, Japan, the trigger for the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. This set off a crisis when Austria-Hungary delivered an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia. Within weeks, the powers were at war and the conflict soon spread around the world. On 25 July Russia began mobilisation and on 28 July, the Austro-Hungarians declared war on Serbia, Germany presented an ultimatum to Russia to demobilise, and when this was refused, declared war on Russia on 1 August. Germany then invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg before moving towards France, after the German march on Paris was halted, what became known as the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition, with a trench line that changed little until 1917. On the Eastern Front, the Russian army was successful against the Austro-Hungarians, in November 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers, opening fronts in the Caucasus, Mesopotamia and the Sinai. In 1915, Italy joined the Allies and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers, Romania joined the Allies in 1916, after a stunning German offensive along the Western Front in the spring of 1918, the Allies rallied and drove back the Germans in a series of successful offensives. By the end of the war or soon after, the German Empire, Russian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, national borders were redrawn, with several independent nations restored or created, and Germanys colonies were parceled out among the victors. During the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties, the League of Nations was formed with the aim of preventing any repetition of such a conflict. This effort failed, and economic depression, renewed nationalism, weakened successor states, and feelings of humiliation eventually contributed to World War II. From the time of its start until the approach of World War II, at the time, it was also sometimes called the war to end war or the war to end all wars due to its then-unparalleled scale and devastation. In Canada, Macleans magazine in October 1914 wrote, Some wars name themselves, during the interwar period, the war was most often called the World War and the Great War in English-speaking countries. Will become the first world war in the sense of the word. These began in 1815, with the Holy Alliance between Prussia, Russia, and Austria, when Germany was united in 1871, Prussia became part of the new German nation. Soon after, in October 1873, German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck negotiated the League of the Three Emperors between the monarchs of Austria-Hungary, Russia and Germany

13.
Al Jolson
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Al Jolson was an American singer, film actor, and comedian. At the peak of his career, he was dubbed The Worlds Greatest Entertainer and his performing style was brash and extroverted, and he popularized a large number of songs that benefited from his shamelessly sentimental, melodramatic approach. Numerous well-known singers were influenced by his music, including Bing Crosby, David Bowie, Bob Dylan, Rod Stewart, Dylan once referred to him as somebody whose life I can feel. Broadway critic Gilbert Seldes compared him to the Greek god Pan, claiming that Jolson represented the concentration of our national health, in the 1930s, Jolson was Americas most famous and highest-paid entertainer. Between 1911 and 1928, Jolson had nine sell-out Winter Garden shows in a row, more than 80 hit records, and 16 national and international tours. Although he is best remembered today as the star of the first talking picture, The Jazz Singer, after the attack on Pearl Harbor, he was the first star to entertain troops overseas during World War II. After a period of inactivity, his stardom returned with The Jolson Story, for which Larry Parks played Jolson, the formula was repeated in a sequel, Jolson Sings Again. In 1950, he became the first star to entertain GIs on active service in the Korean War. He died just weeks after returning to the U. S. partly owing to the exertion of performing. Defense Secretary George Marshall posthumously awarded him the Medal of Merit, According to the St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, Jolson was to jazz, blues, and ragtime what Elvis Presley was to rock n roll. Being the first popular singer to make a spectacular event out of singing a song and his specialty was performing on stage runways extending out into the audience. According to music historian Larry Stempel, No one had heard anything quite like it before on Broadway, author Stephen Banfield agreed, writing that Jolsons style was arguably the single most important factor in defining the modern musical. Jolson also enjoyed performing in blackface makeup, a convention since the mid-19th century. With his unique and dynamic style of singing black music, such as jazz and blues, as early as 1911, he became known for fighting against black discrimination on Broadway. Al Jolson was born as Asa Yoelson in the Jewish village of Srednik now known as Seredžius, near Kaunas in Lithuania, then part of the Russian Empire. He was the fifth and youngest child of Moses Rubin Yoelson and Nechama Naomi Cantor, his four siblings were Rose, Etta, another sister who died in infancy, and Hirsch. Jolson claimed not to know when he was born, and later chose to claim he was born on May 26,1886. His one-time sister-in-law, Margaret Weatherwax, claimed Jolson was the age as their father, Ralph

14.
Chick Evans
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Charles E. Chick Evans, Jr. was an American amateur golfer of the 1910s and 1920s. Evans, who won the 1910 Western Open, became the first amateur to win both the U. S. Open and U. S. Amateur in one year, Evans won the U. S. Amateur again in 1920, and was runner-up three times. Selected to the Walker Cup team in 1922,1924, and 1928, Evans achieved all of this while carrying only seven hickory-shafted clubs. In addition to his career, Evans is known for founding the Evans Scholars Foundation. In 1960, Evans was voted the Bob Jones Award, the highest honor given by the United States Golf Association in recognition of distinguished sportsmanship in golf and he is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame. Born in Indianapolis, Indiana, Evans family moved to Chicago when he was eight years old, at the age of eight, he was first exposed to golf as a caddie at a Chicago course, the Edgewater Golf Club. He attended secondary school at the Evanston Academy, and won the 1907 and 1908 Western Interscholastic tournaments and he led in the founding of the Western Interscholastic Golf Association, and led Evanston Academy to the 1908 WIGA team championship. From these beginnings, Evans became one of the most acclaimed American amateur golfers of his time, the accomplishment that gave him the most contemporary publicity came in 1916, when he won both the U. S. Amateur and U. S. Open in the same year. Evans was the first person to accomplish this task, and only Bobby Jones has done it since, Evans also won the Western Open in 1910 by defeating George Simpson 6 and 5 in the 36-hole final. He was the amateur to do so until Scott Verplank in 1985. Simpson graciously praised Evans on his victory, saying “I’ve learned the greatest golf lesson of my life today. I consider it an honor to be beaten by the kind of golf you have played than to have remained out of the tournament because I did not fancy match play. ”Into the 1960s, Evans was an active participant in senior tournaments. Evans played his last rounds of golf in 1968, winning the Illinois Open that year. His last Western Amateur was in 1967, after his retirement, Evans continued to attend events as a spectator and converse with the fans and players. After his wins in 1916, Evans was given several thousand dollars in royalties for recording golf instructions for the Brunswick Record Company, if he had accepted this money Evans would have lost his amateur status. His mother suggested that he put the money to use by sponsoring a scholarship fund for caddies. He said his mother pointed out that the money came from golf, Evans went to the Western Golf Association, an organization that ran the golf championships in the Midwest, to get their support for his scholarship. By 1930, the Evans Scholars Foundation had formed and two caddies, Harold Fink and Jim McGinnis, were named the first two Evans Scholars, Chick Evans long friendship with Chicago tax attorney, Carleton Blunt, had proved to be the catalyst for launching the Evans Scholars Foundation

15.
Amateur sports
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Amateur sports are sports in which participants engage largely or entirely without remuneration. The distinction is made between amateur sporting participants and professional sporting participants, who are financially remunerated for the time they spend competing and training, the majority of worldwide sporting participants are amateurs. Modern organized sports developed in the 19th century, with the United Kingdom, sporting culture was especially strong in private schools and universities, and the upper and middle class men who attended these institutions played as amateurs. Opportunities for working classes to participate in sport were restricted by their long six-day work weeks, in the UK, the Factory Act of 1844 gave working men half a day off, making the opportunity to take part in sport more widely available. Working class sportsmen found it hard to top level sport due to the need to turn up to work. On occasion, cash prizes, particularly in competitions, could make up the difference. Proponents of the amateur ideal deplored the influence of money and the effect it has on sports, working class sportsmen didnt see why they shouldnt be paid to play. Hence there were competing interests between those who wished sport to be open to all and those who feared that professionalism would destroy the Corinthian spirit and this conflict played out over the course of more than one hundred years. Corinthian has come to describe the most virtuous of amateur athletes—those for whom fairness, to that end, club rules ensured that crews consisted of amateurs, while no professional or paid hand is allowed to touch the tiller or in any way assist in steering. The earlier origins of the term are somewhat murky, though it must certainly be linked to the Isthmian games of ancient Corinth, it more proximately originates from common slang usage in early 19th century England. The Seawhanaka Yacht Club—founded in 1874—added Corinthian to its name in 1881, the Corinthian Football Club was founded in 1882. The Corinthian Yacht Club was founded in 1886 in Tiburon, California in the United States, the Yale Yacht Club was renamed the Yale Corinthian Yacht Club in 1893. By the early 21st century the Olympic Games and all the team sports accepted professional competitors. However, there are some sports which maintain a distinction between amateur and professional status with separate competitive leagues. The most prominent of these are golf and boxing, in particular, only amateur boxers could compete at the Olympics up to 2016. This may jeopardise their status as amateurs, and if allowed to let slide, where professionals are permitted, it is hard for amateurs to compete against them. Whether this is a triumph of capitalism or an example of corruption depends on the viewers perspective, to some an amateur means an incompetent or also-ran, and to others it means an idealist. To say that the athlete should not be paid can prevent performances only possible for an athlete who is free to pursue the sport full-time without other sources of income, the term shamateurism is used to describe state-sponsored athletes

16.
Fred McLeod
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Frederick Robertson McLeod was a Scottish-American professional golfer who had a distinguished career in the United States, which included victory in the 1908 U. S. Open. He was born in Kirk Ports, North Berwick, East Lothian, mcLeods mother was from Bolton in East Lothian and his father Neil was from the Isle of Skye. His father was employed as the manager of a book stall. McLeod began his life as a postman at the age of fourteen. At seventeen he joined the Bass Rock Golf Club in North Berwick and it did not have its own course and the members played on a public links. S. Had no experienced local professionals on whom they could call and he quickly found employment at the Rockford Country Club in Illinois, and later worked at several other clubs. Despite not having been a player in Scotland, McLeod soon made a name for himself as a first rate tournament player in the U. S. He acquired the nickname the wasp from fellow American professionals and he entered his first U. S. Open within weeks of his arrival in America, and later that year he was fifth at the Western Open. He won the Riverside Open in 1905 and the Western PGA Championship in both 1905 and 1907, the principal achievement of his career was his victory in the 1908 U. S. Open at Myopia Hunt Club in South Hamilton, Massachusetts. He was level with Willie Smith after four rounds, but won the playoff by 77 shots to 83. McLeod was five feet four inches tall, and at the end of the tournament he was weighed at 7 stone 10 pounds and he competed in the U. S. Open twenty-two times and had eight top ten finishes. McLeod won several more tournaments, the 1909 and 1920 North and South Open at Pinehurst, the 1912 Shawnee Open, the 1924 St. Petersburg Open. In 1919 he was runner up to Jim Barnes in the PGA Championship, during this period McLeod wintered at Temple Terrace, Florida where he worked with James Thomson from North Berwick. It was in Florida that McLeod was involved in the first Professional Golf League in 1925, as the number of golf courses increased, many of top professionals were signed up in the winter months to represent the Florida clubs in a team competition. Although exhibition matches were still popular, this team format increased the earnings as they received 60% of the $2 entrance fee paid by spectators at the gate. He was a member of the group of senior professionals which established the division of the PGA of America in 1937. McLeod died in Washington, D. C. at the age of 94 and he was buried at the last club where he had worked as a professional, Columbia Country Club, in Chevy Chase, Maryland. Yellow background for top-10 North Berwick Golfers profile

17.
Scotland
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Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles, the Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707. By inheritance in 1603, James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland, Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. Within Scotland, the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles, titles, the legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland, Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law. Glasgow, Scotlands largest city, was one of the worlds leading industrial cities. Other major urban areas are Aberdeen and Dundee, Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third-largest city in Scotland, the title of Europes oil capital, following a referendum in 1997, a Scottish Parliament was re-established, in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members, having authority over many areas of domestic policy. Scotland is represented in the UK Parliament by 59 MPs and in the European Parliament by 6 MEPs, Scotland is also a member nation of the British–Irish Council, and the British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly. Scotland comes from Scoti, the Latin name for the Gaels, the Late Latin word Scotia was initially used to refer to Ireland. By the 11th century at the latest, Scotia was being used to refer to Scotland north of the River Forth, alongside Albania or Albany, the use of the words Scots and Scotland to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the Late Middle Ages. Repeated glaciations, which covered the land mass of modern Scotland. It is believed the first post-glacial groups of hunter-gatherers arrived in Scotland around 12,800 years ago, the groups of settlers began building the first known permanent houses on Scottish soil around 9,500 years ago, and the first villages around 6,000 years ago. The well-preserved village of Skara Brae on the mainland of Orkney dates from this period and it contains the remains of an early Bronze Age ruler laid out on white quartz pebbles and birch bark. It was also discovered for the first time that early Bronze Age people placed flowers in their graves, in the winter of 1850, a severe storm hit Scotland, causing widespread damage and over 200 deaths. In the Bay of Skaill, the storm stripped the earth from a large irregular knoll, when the storm cleared, local villagers found the outline of a village, consisting of a number of small houses without roofs. William Watt of Skaill, the laird, began an amateur excavation of the site, but after uncovering four houses

18.
Alec Ross
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Alexander Ross, generally known as Alec Ross and sometimes as Alex or Aleck, was a Scottish professional golfer. He was a native of Dornoch and learned his golf in his home country, while employed by the Brae Burn Country Club, near Boston, he won the 1907 U. S. Open at the St. Martins course at Philadelphia Cricket Club. He competed in the U. S. Open seventeen times in total and his other tournament wins include the North and South Open six times, the Massachusetts Open six times and the Swiss Open three times. Rosss brother Donald also moved to the U. S. and was one of the most celebrated of all golf course designers, Alec was the professional at the Detroit Golf Club in Detroit, Michigan for 31 years. Note, This list may be incomplete,1902 North and South Open 1904 North and South Open 1906 Massachusetts Open 1907 U. S. S. NT = No tournament DNP = Did not play CUT = missed the half-way cut T indicates a tie for a place Green background for wins, yellow background for top-10 List of golfers with most wins in one PGA Tour event FitzSimons, Peter. Article on early Scottish golfers in the U. S

19.
Francis Ouimet
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Francis DeSales Ouimet was an American amateur golfer who is frequently referred to as the father of amateur golf in the United States. He won the U. S. Open in 1913 and was the first non-Briton elected Captain of the Royal and he was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1974. Ouimet was born to Mary Ellen Burke and Arthur Ouimet in Brookline, Massachusetts and his father was a French-Canadian immigrant, and his mother was originally from Ireland. When Francis was four years old, his family purchased a house on Clyde Street in Brookline, the Ouimet family grew up relatively poor and were near the bottom of the economic ladder, which was hardly the position of any American golfer at the time. Ouimet became interested in golf at an age and started caddying at The Country Club at the age of 11. Using clubs from his brother and balls he found around the course and his game soon caught the eye of many country club members and caddie master Dan MacNamara. It wasnt long before Ouimet was the best high school golfer in the state, when he was a junior in high school, his father insisted that he drop out and do something useful with his life. Ouimet worked at a store before landing a job at a sporting goods store owned by future Baseball Hall of Famer George Wright. In 1913, Ouimet won his first significant title at age 20, the Massachusetts Amateur, an event he won five more times. He participated in the U. S. Amateur at the Garden City Golf Club in Long Island, New York in early September, losing in the quarterfinals to the eventual champion, Jerome Travers. Vardon had won the U. S. Open in 1900, Ray had won the Open Championship in 1912. The 1913 event was played at the course Ouimet knew best, The Country Club in Brookline, Ouimet originally declined to play, having just returned from an absence from work to play in the National Amateur. His participation in the Open was soon arranged, however, with the cooperation of his employer and it was Ouimets first appearance in the championship. Eddie Lowery was his ten year old caddie, after 72 holes of regulation play ended in a three-way tie, Ouimet, Vardon, and Ray engaged in an 18-hole playoff the next day in rainy conditions. Ouimet won the playoff at one-under-par for the day, beating Vardon by 5 strokes and his victory was widely hailed as a stunning upset over the strongly favored British, who were regarded as the top two golfers in the world. He was the first amateur to win the U. S. Open, the biggest crowds ever seen in American golf followed the playoff, and his achievement was front-page news across the country. Ouimets U. S. Open success is credited for bringing golf into the American sporting mainstream, before his win over Vardon and Ray, golf was dominated by British players. In America, the sport was restricted to players with access to private facilities, there were very few public courses Ten years after his 1913 victory, the number of American players had tripled and many new courses had been built, including numerous public ones

20.
1913 U.S. Open (golf)
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The 1913 U. S. Open was the 19th U. S. Open, held September 18–20 at The Country Club in Brookline, Massachusetts, a suburb southwest of Boston. Amateur Francis Ouimet, age 20, won his only U. S. Open title in an 18-hole playoff, five ahead of Britons Harry Vardon. The first two rounds were played Thursday and the two rounds on Friday. At the end of regulation, there was a three-way tie, Ouimet defeated Vardon and Ray in a Saturday playoff round. Ouimet won with a score of 72, Vardon was second with 77 and it was widely hailed as a stunning upset over the strongly-favored Britons and increased the popularity of the game in the United States. Ouimets victory was the first of eight times an amateur won the U. S. Open, Bobby Jones won four, all four events, except the 2013 U. S. Amateur, were won by Americans. Friday, September 19,1913 - amateur Saturday, September 20,1913 Source,1913 U. S. Open Results at USGA site USOpen. com –1913

21.
George Sargent (golfer)
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George Sargent was an English professional golfer. Sargent was born in Dorking, Surrey, England to William Henry Sargent and Amelia Jane Harkett, in 1900 he finished fourth at The Open Championship. Soon afterwards he moved to Canada, where he served as a professional at Royal Ottawa Golf Club and he married Beatrice Margaret Pearse in 1907 and fathered eleven children. Sargent won the 1909 U. S. Open at Englewood Golf Club in New Jersey and he set a new 72-hole scoring record for the tournament of 290. Opens in total, and finished in the six times. He also won the 1912 Canadian Open and the 1918 Minnesota State Open, Sargent became a member of the Professional Golfers Association of America at its inception in 1916, and served as president for five years. He is credited with introducing the use of pictures to study the golf swing. He is a member of the Georgia Golf Hall of Fame, as are his sons Harold, yellow background for top-10 Georgia Golf Hall of Fame profile

22.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years

23.
Louis Tellier (golfer)
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Louis Emile Auguste Tellier was a French professional golfer. He had five finishes in major championships. Tellier came to the United States to play in the 1913 U. S. Open at The Country Club in Brookline, Massachusetts. After a short visit to France, Tellier returned to the U. S. in 1914 to become head professional at Canoe Brook Country Club in Summit. He moved to The Country Club, site of the 1913 U. S. Open, in 1916 and to Brae Burn Country Club in West Newton, Telliers only significant win came at the 1921 Massachusetts Open a month before his death. On 3 November 1921, Tellier committed suicide at Brae Burn Country Club in West Newton and he was found hanging by a small rope in a shed on the golf course. The motive of the suicide was not known but family members told authorities that he had not been feeling well for some time. Fellow professional golfers Arthur Reid and Wilfrid Reid were Telliers brothers-in-law,1921 Massachusetts Open Note, the Masters Tournament was not founded until 1934

24.
France
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France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans 643,801 square kilometres and had a population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary republic with the capital in Paris. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse, during the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome, which held Gaul until 486, France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years War strengthening state-building and political centralisation. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a colonial empire was established. The 16th century was dominated by civil wars between Catholics and Protestants. France became Europes dominant cultural, political, and military power under Louis XIV, in the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire, whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War, the Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains to this day. Algeria and nearly all the colonies became independent in the 1960s with minimal controversy and typically retained close economic. France has long been a centre of art, science. It hosts Europes fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, France is a developed country with the worlds sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. In terms of household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, France remains a great power in the world, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a member state of the European Union and the Eurozone. It is also a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, originally applied to the whole Frankish Empire, the name France comes from the Latin Francia, or country of the Franks

25.
Jim Barnes
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James Martin Jim Barnes was a leading figure in the early years of professional golf in the United States. He is one of three native Europeans to win three different major professional championships, Barnes was born on April 8,1886 in Lelant, Cornwall. Barnes was like many golfers of his era, and worked as a caddie and he moved to the United States and turned professional in 1906, but never became an American citizen. He arrived in San Francisco, and later worked in Vancouver, British Columbia, Spokane, Washington, and Tacoma, Washington, in 1925–26 his good friend and fellow golfer Fred McLeod wintered with him and they worked with James Kelly Thomson from North Berwick. Barnes was also known as Long Jim for his height of 6 ft 4 in and he later moved west to the Oakland, California, area where he resided for many years. Barnes authored several books on technique, and died at age 80 in East Orange. His winning margin in the 1921 U. S. Open was nine strokes, Barnes was one of the most prolific tournament winners of the first few seasons of the PGA Tour, which was also founded in 1916. He won 21 times on the tour in total and he led the tournament winners list in four seasons,1916 with three,1917 with two,1919 with five and 1921 with four. In 1940, Barnes was honored as one of the 12 golfers to be inducted in the PGAs inaugural Hall of Fame, later he was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1989. S

26.
Tom McNamara (golfer)
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Thomas Lawrence McNamara, Sr. was an American professional golfer. McNamara was born in Brookline, Massachusetts to an immigrant Irish family and his parents were Thomas McNamara and Mariah McNamara née Curry. McNamara was the professional at Wollaston Golf Club. During the 1909 U. S. Open, McNamara became the first man ever to break 70 in a competitive American tournament, McNamara held a three-stroke lead in the 1909 U. S. Open heading to the back nine. Due to the hot temperatures, McNamara suffered a heatstroke on the 14th hole. After doctors treated him, he insisted on finishing the tournament and he succeeded in finishing, but his game collapsed down the stretch and finished second. The following year,1910, he served as the golf professional at the Fall River Country Club in Fall River. McNamara was considered one of Americans best homegrown professionals during the twentieth century. He was head professional at Siwanoy Country Club in Bronxville, New York and he proposed the idea of a national tournament to his boss, Rodman Wanamaker. McNamara was the manager of the department in Wanamakers New York City department store. Thus came the PGA Championship, first played in 1916 at Siwanoy Country Club, McNamara was born to Thomas McNamara and Mariah McNamara née Curry. McNamara and his wife Mary had seven children, McNamara died, from coronary thrombosis, at his home in Mount Vernon, New York on July 21,1939

27.
Jock Hutchison
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Jack Falls Jock Hutchison was a Scottish-American professional golfer. Hutchison was born in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, the son of William and his name was registered as John Waters Hutchison, Waters being the maiden name of Williams mother. He appears in the 1901 census as John Hutchison, golf caddie, Hutchison later moved to the United States and became a naturalized citizen in 1920. He was known there as Jack Falls Hutchison or John Falls Hutchison and he won two major championships, the PGA Championship in 1920 and the Open Championship at St Andrews in 1921. His 1921 victory was the first by a U. S. -based player, in 1937, Hutchison won the inaugural PGA Seniors Championship at Augusta National Golf Club, and in 1947 he won that event for a second time. Beginning in 1963, Hutchison was one of the two men who served as honorary starters for The Masters, until ailments prevented him from hitting one of the honorary tee shots in 1973. His death on September 27,1977 came just two days before Masters co-founder Clifford Roberts own death, Hutchison died at the age of 93 in Evanston, Illinois, he was elected to the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2010 and inducted in May 2011