Korean Translation of the Executive Summary of CSIRO Report Assessing atmospheric emissions from an amine-based CO2 post-combustion capture processes and their impacts on the environment: a case study.

This research project focuses on the development of the advanced aqueous ammonia based post combustion capture (PCC) technology. Two years into the project a novel process was proposed integrating CO2 and SO2 removal, flue gas cooling and ammonia recycle. Under the typical flue gas conditions, the proposed process has a SO2 removal efficiency of over 99.9% and ammonia reuse efficiency of 99.9%, which was confirmed by the experimental results. A rate based model was also developed for the aqueous ammonia based CO2 capture process and validated using the results from Munmorah Power Station pilot plant trials.

ANLEC R&D funded this CSIRO technical report that describes the development of a novel gas-liquid contactor aimed at reducing the capital and operating costs of Post Combustion Capture (PCC) commercial scale plants.

This project developed an innovative contactor which aimed to improve the economics of post combustion capture (PCC). The contactor design reduces the size of the column and eliminated the column packing, which enables an overall capital cost reduction of 30% and a power consumption reduction of 25%. Process optimisation in PCC deployment at scale will validate performance. However the concept has demonstrated excellent potential for cost savings and can be applicable to many existing technologies and processes.

A Day in the Life of a Carbon Atom. Starring: Adom is published with thanks to the students and staff at St Michael’s Catholic Primary School in Brunswick Junction, Western Australia Department of Mines and Petroleum, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and CarbonKids.

The illustrated children’s book was created by year six and seven students and highlights the carbon capture and storage (CCS) process. The book was launched at the 2014 National CCS Conference in Sydney, Australia.

The project was part of the CSIRO’s CarbonKids program which is also supported by the Global CCS Institute.

Post combustion capture of CO2 in power generation using commercial amines results in a significant efficiency loss (25-30%). Using an aqueous ammonia solvent can reduce this loss because it has nearly double the carrying capacity and 40% lower re-generation energy among other benefits. Realising this potential requires promoting the rate of absorption and optimising its performance by establishing fundamental kinetic relationships for the reactions. This report delivers the data for the use of piperazine and proline as promoters. Results to date are equivalent to - though have not yet exceeded the performance of benchmark MEA at the high CO2 loadings required for PCC. This project remains in progress.

Based on the Precipice sandstone of the Surat Basin, this CSIRO study looks at some of the errors generated in the numerical simulation of CO2 migration and dissolution that are caused by the necessity of using large grid blocks in the simulation of field size projects. In the injection stage of a simulation, large grid blocks will cause an overestimation of the amount of CO2 that will dissolve in the formation brine.

The study addresses some of the shortcomings in the scientific literature regarding the effects of coarse grids on the convective mixing process and proposes a scheme for correcting the observed error in the convection enhanced dissolution by using grid corrected fluid or reservoir properties.

This two volume study was commissioned by the Global CCS Institute to expand knowledge on the environmental impacts of the capture process of carbon capture and storage (CCS). The study measured actual emissions and explored a case study into air quality at the AGL Loy Lang PCC Plant in Victoria, Australia.

Executive Summary
This document summarises the major outcomes of the CSIRO-led investigation into the potential air quality impacts of amine-based post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) technology.

Volume 1. Measurement of emissions from a monoethanolamine-based post-combustion CO2 capture pilot plant
This report describes the comprehensive experimental investigation of emissions concentrations of selected PCC liquors and process gas streams at the AGL Loy Yang Power Station using the CSIRO Loy Yang pilot-scale post-combustion capture (PCC) plant (LYPP). The benchmark solvent, monoethanolamine (MEA), was used to capture CO2 from the process gas of the Loy Yang coal-fired power plant. The experimental study focused on applying, evaluating and, where required, further developing current stack sampling and analytical techniques to identify the major chemical components existing in the process.

Volume 2. Atmospheric chemistry of MEA and 3D air quality modelling of emissions from the Loy Yang PCC plant
This report describes an experimental and modelling study of the impact of ethanolamine (MEA) emissions from the CSIRO Loy Yang pilot scale PCC plant. A chemical transport modelling system was used to simulate the likely impact of retrofitting a PCC installation to Loy Yang power station. A representative month (March 2005) was selected on the basis of having many of the atmospheric process of relevance to the chemical transformation of MEA and near-source plume strikes from the power station.

This early progress report explores the opportunity to consider passive seismic monitoring for the South West Hub in the context of location specific variables.

Passive seismic monitoring is the science of recording and analysing natural or induced seismicity with surface or borehole sensor arrays, without the use of costly and disruptive man-made seismic energy sources. Scientists are seeking to use such signals to monitor an injected CO2 plume.

This project aims to develop a catalytic membrane reactor (CMR), which intensifies hydrogen production processes and could lead to near-complete hydrogen conversion, purification and pre-combustion CO2 capture in a single device.

During this reporting period, a membrane module with a surface area of 500 cm2 was designed, constructed and tested. This represents a 250 fold increase in membrane surface area since the beginning of the project. Hydrogen flux has been consistently achieved at 40% of the US DOE flux target. With a minimal Pd consumption, this represents a competitive flux per capital cost ratio. Ongoing developments are also reported in the embrittlement-resistant vanadium alloy and the surface preparation procedure.

The size and cost of a CO2 capture plant will be directly related to the absorption and separation properties of the capture solvent used. For power generation purposes, commercially available post combustion capture technology is currently considered using amine based solutions, which are estimated to result in about 10% efficiency loss from power plants. This project investigates the potential of using aqueous ammonia as a low energy consuming, high CO2 absorption capacity alternative, with several other associated benefits. Six (6) chemical promoters were tested and the preliminary results show that with the aid of the promoters the mass transfer coefficient of CO2 more than doubled.

The complexity of geological storage includes how carbon dioxide interacts with other resources - this will impact the ‘licence to operate’ a carbon dioxide geological storage site. In addition, the sensitivity to a ‘new player’ in the underground geological space has led to discussions around sub surface access priorities and potential resource conflicts. This two-part CSIRO report seeks to clarify the possible interactions in a range of potential geological settings as well as align ‘best in class’ international work to the Australian context to propose relevant ‘resource interaction’ decision flow charts.

Report Parts

Impacts of carbon dioxide storage [Executive Summary]

Part I: resource characterisation requirements and evaluation of containment risks at the basin-scale

Part II: Towards a workflow for the assessment of potential resource impacts for CO2 geosequestration projects

The report examines alternative geophysical methods to time-lapse seismic that might be deployed to monitor commercial volumes of stored CO2. It uses simple geological models for the South Perth and Gippsland basins to simulate the resolution of various techniques or combinations of techniques. Topics covered include lowering noise levels in data processing workflows, estimate noise in a time-lapse sense for shallow well receivers as well as ambient noise imaging for ocean bottom receivers. Whilst no alternative method or combination of methods appears to have the sensitivity to adequately replace a time-lapse seismic approach, the added information could greatly improve the resolution and sensitivity of time-lapse geophysical methods alone.

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