Physical properties of soils and their relationships to moisture, aeration, and temperature; plant-soil-atmospheric relationships; solute transport and soil salinity. Two lec and one 3-hr lab a wk. Recommended Preparation: Soil 205, 206, and Phys 111. Soil 415 is a cooperative course available to WSU degree-seeking students. (Alt/yrs, Fall)

Soil 416 Sustainable Small Acreage Farming and Ranching (3 cr)

Overview of small acreage production systems, evaluation of goals and resources, land evaluation, marketing options, and accessing community resources. Three field trips. This is a cooperative course available to WSU degree-seeking students.

Soil 417 Market Garden Practicum (1-6 cr)

Experiential learning based course that covers all aspects of running a small acreage vegetable farm. Topics include farm planning, crop rotation, soil fertility and testing, weed management and food systems. Students satisfy credit hours through participation in lecture/discussion, field work and field trips. Class meets at the Plant Science Farm. Recommended preparation: Soil 205. (Summer only)

Introduction to soil organisms including bacteria, fungi, and macroinvertebrates and the influence of their activities on soil processes. Two lec and one 3-hr lab a wk. Recommended Preparation: Soil 205 and MMBB 250. (Alt/yrs)

Morphology, genesis, and classification of soils; distribution of soils as related to environmental processes and factors. Two lectures and one 4-hr lab a week. Recommended Preparation: Soil 205 and Soil 206. This is a cooperative course available to WSU degree-seeking students.

Soil 456 North Idaho Field Trip (1 cr)

Soils and land use in northern Idaho ecosystems; emphasis on soil parent materials, soil formation and morphology, and soil-plant community relationships. Graded P/F. One 3-day field trip; additional class meetings and assignments before and after field trip.

Description and evaluation of soils; emphasis on morphological features and properties that influence land use. Graded P/F. Two-four hrs of lab a wk; one 3-day or one 6-day field trip. Recommended Preparation: Soil 205.

Distribution and significance of common soil minerals; weathering and general reactivity as related to mineral structures; techniques of mineral identification including x-ray diffraction, chemical dissolution procedures, optical and electron microscopy. One lec and one 3-hr lab a wk. This is a cooperative course available to WSU degree-seeking students. (Alt/yrs)

Philosophy of fertilizer recommendations based on soil and plant tissue testing; principles of fertilizer manufacture, placement, and use for improving plant growth. Recommended Preparation: Soil 446.

Soil 557 Advanced Soil Genesis and Classification (3 cr)

Processes of soil genesis as influenced by environmental factors; rationale and development of soil taxonomy; field study of pedological problems. Two lec and one 2-hr lab a wk; 1/2-day and 1-day field trips reqd. This is a cooperative course available to WSU degree-seeking students. (Alt/yrs)