Personality Psychology

Trait Descriptive Adjectives – Words that describe traits, attributes of a person that are reasonably characteristic of an individual and perhaps even enduring over time.

Personality – The set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that are organized and relatively enduring and that influence their interactions with and adaptations to, the environment (including intrapsychic, physical and social environment).

Psychological Traits – Characteristics that describe ways in which people are unique or different from or similar to each other.

Psychological Mechanisms – Similar to traits, except that mechanisms refer more to the processes of personality.

Within the Individual – The important sources of personality reside within the individual – that is, people carry the sources of their personality inside themselves – and hence are stable over time and consistent over situations.

Organized – The psychological traits and mechanisms for a given person are not simply a random collection of elements. Rather, personality is organized because the mechanisms and traits are linked to one another in a coherent fashion.

Enduring – The psychological traits are generally consistent over time, particularly in adulthood, and over situations.

Influential Forces – Personality traits and mechanisms influence people’s actions, views of self, views of the world, interactions with others, feelings, selection of environment, goals and desires, and how we react to our circumstances.

Selection – Describes the manner in which we choose situations – such as our friends, hobbies college classes, and careers.

Evocation – Refers to the reactions we produce in others, often quite unintentionally.

Manipulations – Refers to the ways in which we attempt to influence others.

Adaptation – Inherited solutions to the survival and reproductive problems posed by the hostile forces of nature. Environment – Environments can be physical, social, and intrapsychic (within the mind). Which aspect of the environment is important at any moment in time is frequently determined by the personality of the person in that environment.

Human Nature – The traits and mechanisms of personality that are typical of our species and are possessed by everyone or nearly everyone.

Individual Differences – Every individual has personal and unique qualities that make him or her different from others.

Differences between Groups – People in one group may have certain personality features in common, and these common features make them different from other groups.

Nomothetic – The study of general characters of people as they are distributed in the population, typically involving statistical comparisons between individuals or groups.

Idiographic – The study of single individuals, with an effort to observe general principles as they manifest in a single life over time.

Domain of Knowledge – A specialty area of science and scholarship, where psychologists have focused on learning about some specific and limited aspect of human nature, often with preferred tools of investigation.

Dispositional Domain – Deals centrally with the ways in which individuals differ from one another. As such, the dispositional domain connects with all the other domains. In the dispositional domain, psychologists are primarily interested in the number and nature of fundamental dispositions, taxonomies of traits, measurement issues, and questions of stability over time and consistency over situations.

Biological Domain – The core assumption of biological approaches to personality in that humans are, first and foremost,...

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9/23/2011 |
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The term personality in psychology is the sum total of the physical, mental, emotional and social characteristics of an individual. It can also be defined as the organised pattern of behavioural characteristics of the individual.
In psychology there are different approaches to personality and one is the ‘trait’ approach. The trait approach to personality is one of the major theoretical areas. The trait theory suggests that individual personalities are composed of different traits i.e. outgoing, kind etc. One psychologist who follows this approach is Hans Eysenck. Eysenck developed a personality model based upon just two universal traits.
These are as follows;
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2. Neuroticism/Emotional Stability
This allowed him to use EPI personality tests to establish different traits between people and the possible results looks like this:
In this investigation I will be testing the concepts of reliability and validity of the EPI.
What is Validity?
Validity refers to whether a test...

...Introduction:
Brand personality is the attribution of human traits and characteristics to the brand name, so as to relate the personality of brand with a prospective customer and thereby increase the brand equity. I have structured my assignment in the following manner:
In part one I would define and examine the concept of brand personality and the specific human traits that can be associated with a particular brand.
Second part will include the association and evaluation of traits with my chosen brand. And
Third part would be about the challenges faced by the marketer of my chosen brand.
Part one:
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“Personality” something attached to human beings refers to the combination of emotions, attitudes and behaviors that an individual attribute. While as “Brand” typically associated with the products or services means a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that differentiates one product or services from the other.
Brand personality thus may be defined as the way the brand behaves or represent itself. It means to associate the human personality traits and characteristics with the brand so as to achieve uniqueness. The attribution of personal nature or human characteristics to brand is brand personality. From a customer’s point of view it’s a way for them to express their personalities and determine and...

...to Mischel's cognitive/affective theory, an individual’s encodings, expectancies, affects, and goals and values are all considered
|a. |personality traits. |
|b. |self-actualizing tendencies. |
|c. |mutually-influencing factors of reciprocal determinism. |
|d. |cognitive person variables. |
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|a. |Anne, who has internalized many conditions of worth |
|b. |Betty, who has a high need for positive regard |
|c. |Corey, who is controlled by a deficiency orientation |
|d. |Dori, who always displays congruent behaviors |
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...Scientific Study of Personality Paper
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Psych/504
August 27, 2012
Shawn Davis
Scientific Study of Personality Paper
*
* Personality is what defines a person and each person has a different type of personality. Personality is not easy to define for each person has a different opinion of what personality means and what defines personality. Psychologist defines personality by using conceptions that each person has in his or her life. “Personality is made up of characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that make a person unique” (Cherry, 2012, p. 1) according to psychologist. Personality defines a person as a human being, it is one’s personal identity, which makes each person different from every other person.
The scientific study of personality involves a set of variables, and scientists have found that social attractiveness is only one aspect of personality. Therefore, the definition of personality in terms of social attractiveness is inadequate to use as a fundamental theory of personality. When psychologists study personality they look at a number of factors: social attractiveness may be one of those factors but personality is more than social attractiveness. Socially attractive people differ greatly in...

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...Maurice Kenny and Mary TallMountain led very similar lives, and both become writers. However, the way they became who they are today, took place on two very different parts of that path to become a writer. In Maurice Kenny’s “Waiting at the Edge: Words Towards a Life” and Mary TallMountain’s “You Can Go Home Again,” both authors illustrate their paths and at times they were inspired. Maurice Kenny’s past shows that he has a wandering personality, while Mary TallMountain is more driven toward her goals. These wandering and driven personalities are all expressed in both authors’ childhoods, their relationship with their fathers, and in their writing itself.
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