Black and Blue: Why bruising increases as we age

Wednesday

Bruises are formed when a blow breaks blood vessels near the surface of the skin. In seniors, however, fragile skin and blood vessels cause bruises to form more frequently and last longer.

“Seniors have very thin skin,” said Barbara B. Loeb, an internist and medical staff president at Advocate Good Samaritan Hospital in Downers Grove, Ill. In addition, many seniors have balance issues and may be more accident-prone. Certain medications and vitamin supplements can come into play as well, Loeb said.

Why do seniors tend to bruise more easily than younger people?

Bruises are formed when a blow breaks blood vessels near the surface of the skin. In seniors, however, fragile skin and blood vessels cause bruises to form more frequently and last longer.

“Seniors have very thin skin,” said Barbara B. Loeb, an internist and medical staff president at Advocate Good Samaritan Hospital in Downers Grove, Ill. In addition, many seniors have balance issues and may be more accident-prone. Certain medications and vitamin supplements can come into play as well, Loeb said.

What kind of medications may cause frequent bruising, and why?

Aspirin and other blood thinners could bring about bruising, and many seniors are on a regiment of daily aspirin. In addition, other pain-killers such as Aleve, Advil and Ibuprofen could interfere with platelet function, as may vitamin supplements such as vitamin E.

Medications should not be stopped, however, unless a doctor says so, Loeb said. In many cases, the problem the medication is meant to treat is more serious than the bruising, and quitting the medication could cause problems.

When should I visit my doctor?

Although bruising is often nothing to worry about, it could be an indication of a more serious problem, such as a blood or liver disease, Loeb said. Only a doctor will know for sure, so it is prudent to make an appointment as soon as the bruising is noticed.

“I think the most dangerous thing a person can do is self-diagnose and self-treat,” she said.

Is there any way to prevent bruising?

“The most obvious thing is, try to avoid skin trauma,” Loeb said. Staying well-hydrated also helps, as does following a healthy diet. In addition, vitamin supplements should only be taken with a doctor’s approval or recommendation.

Once a bruise forms, there is no way to make it go away faster, but in most cases, bruises are not painful; they just look bad.

What if I notice that a family member is getting more bruises than in the past?

Although in most cases frequent bruising can be easily explained, family members should make it a point to ask about medications, supplements and injuries. For those with loved ones in nursing homes, it is possible the person is being handled too roughly, so it is important to ask questions.

“We should always have an inquisitive mind and go down our list,” Loeb said.

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