This article is result of an research realized in Coatecas's community, located in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca's State in Mexico. It is a study of case that allows to understand how the contracting of workforce infantile that migrates with your family to the Mexican northwest is an important factor that foment to the social reproduction and subsistence of the indigenous peasant group, for which confront a diversity of environmental, social, economic, political, educational and cultural factors that influence and determine the conditions of life of the families (health, food, education). In this research were studied the relations among the commercial agriculture and the infantile work wage-earning as premise for the study of the population mobility of a peasant and indigenous environment to an agricultural environment articulated with the system of capitalist production, where the family workforce is considered how merchandise.