We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time.Find out moreJump to Content

Bruce McGregor and Harriet S. Meyer

A single index is the most convenient for the reader. However, separate author and subject indexes are common in biomedical publications, especially journals. Separate indexes should be “visually distinct”(p757) ... More

A single index is the most convenient for the reader. However, separate author and subject indexes are common in biomedical publications, especially journals. Separate indexes should be “visually distinct”(p757) and be distinguished typographically and by running headers or footers. ...Less

Stacy Christiansen

A table displays information arranged in columns and rows (Example and , Table Components) and is used most commonly to present numerical data. Each table should have a title, be numbered consecutively ... More

A table displays information arranged in columns and rows (Example and , Table Components) and is used most commonly to present numerical data. Each table should have a title, be numbered consecutively as referred to in the text, and be positioned as close as possible to its first mention in the text. Formal tables usually are set off from the text by horizontal rules, boxes, or white space. A tabulation is a brief, in-text table that may be used to set material off from text. Tabulations require the text to explain their meaning. They are placed directly in the text, ...Less

Annette Flanagin

The length of copyright protection in the United States depends on several factors: when the work was created (key dates are before or after January 1, 1978), the number of authors, and the type of work ... More

The length of copyright protection in the United States depends on several factors: when the work was created (key dates are before or after January 1, 1978), the number of authors, and the type of work (eg, work made for hire or owned by the federal government). See the Table for examples of types of works, conditions, and terms of copyright protection. To be protected by copyright law, a work must be original. For works created by a single author, copyright belongs to that author from the instant of its creation and for 70 years after the author’s death.(§302) Copyright ...Less

Typography is broadly defined as the composed arrangement and appearance of text and other elements on a surface that involves elements of design. The editor and graphic designer often cooperate ... More

Typography is broadly defined as the composed arrangement and appearance of text and other elements on a surface that involves elements of design. The editor and graphic designer often cooperate in the process of creating the typography and design for a book, monograph, or journal (in print or online), with the goal of achieving a balance of form and readability. According to typographer Edmund Arnold, good design and typography for English-language publications follow the linear flow of the Latin alphabet and support the act of reading. The English language is read from left to right and from top to bottom. According to Arnold, when a reader of such language begins to read a printed page, the eyes first fall naturally to the top left corner and then move across and down the page, first from left to right and then in a right-to-left sweep to the next line, until reaching the bottom right corner. Any design or typographic element that forces the reader to work against this natural flow (reading gravity) interrupts the reading rhythm and should be avoided...Less

In general, variables, unknown quantities, and constants (eg, x, y, z, A, B, C) are set in italics, while units of measure (eg, kg, mL, s, m), symbols (including Greek characters [see , Greek Letters]), and numbers are set roman. Also, subscripts or superscripts used as modifiers are set roman: Cin = clearance of inulin. Arrays (A) and vectors (V) should be set boldface. Mathematical functions, such as sin, cos, ln, and log, are set roman.V = oai+bj+ckA=[a11a12a13a21a22a23a31a32a33] For equations that are set off from the text, the words and letters should be set roman and the equation should be capitalized by ...Less

Margaret A. Winker

The abbreviation ul (for uniformly labeled) may be used without expansion in parentheses: [14C]glucose (ul) Similarly, terms such as carrier-free, no carrier added, and carrier added may be used. In general ... More

The abbreviation ul (for uniformly labeled) may be used without expansion in parentheses: [14C]glucose (ul) Similarly, terms such as carrier-free, no carrier added, and carrier added may be used. In general medical publications, these terms should be explained at first mention, since not all readers will be familiar with them. ...Less

The presentation of quantitative scientific information is an integral component of biomedical publication. Accurate communication of scientific knowledge and presentation of numerical data ... More

The presentation of quantitative scientific information is an integral component of biomedical publication. Accurate communication of scientific knowledge and presentation of numerical data require a scientifically informative system for reporting units of measure. The International System of Units (Le Système International d'Unités or SI) represents a modified version of the metric system that has been established by international agreement and currently is the official measurement system of most nations of the world.1 The SI promotes uniformity of quantities and units, minimizes the number of units and multiples used in other measurement systems, and can express virtually any measurement in science, medicine, industry, and commerce. In 1977, the World Health Organization recommended the adoption of the SI by the international scientific community. Since then, many biomedical publications throughout the world have adopted SI units as their preferred and primary method for reporting scientific measurements...Less

Stacy Christiansen

JAMA and the Archives Journals report laboratory values in conventional units (see , Abbreviations, Units of Measure, and , Units of Measure). In tables, units of measure, including the variability of ... More

JAMA and the Archives Journals report laboratory values in conventional units (see , Abbreviations, Units of Measure, and , Units of Measure). In tables, units of measure, including the variability of the measurement if reported, should follow a comma in the table column heading or stub. The following are examples of stub entries with units of measure: Age, mean (SD), y Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg Body mass index, median (IQR) Duration of hypertension, mean (SD) [range], y Change in rate, % (SE) JAMA and the Archives Journals use a conversion footnote to indicate how to convert values ...Less

Roxanne K. Young

JAMA and the Archives Journals report quantitative values in conventional units. See , Units of Measure, Conventional Units and SI Units in JAMA and the Archives Journals. Use the following abbreviations ... More

JAMA and the Archives Journals report quantitative values in conventional units. See , Units of Measure, Conventional Units and SI Units in JAMA and the Archives Journals. Use the following abbreviations and symbols with a numerical quantity in accordance with guidelines in , Units of Measure. See especially , Units of Measure, Conventional Units and SI Units in JAMA and the Archives Journals; Table in chapter , Selected Laboratory Tests, References Ranges with and Conversion Factors; and , Punctuation, Forward Slash (Virgule, Solidus). Exception: The following example is an acceptable format in table footnotes or figure legends: SI conversion factor: ...Less