Along with this goes the reification of consciousness: social atomization and individual alienation, where human beings lose a sense of an organic or coherent community or fellowship and the world appears as fragmentary and incoherent.

Indeed, for arts, as Adorno is never tired of repeating in Aesthetic Theory, the concepts and the form-giving power of spirit are crucial to maintain the freedom of the subject in art (freedom for art both from its pre-history in magic as well as from the spell of total reification in Capitalism, where Enlightenment has reverted to myth).

Nothing could be further removed from Mann's high modernism than these lowly commercial forms of mass literature, but Jenemann argues that pulp fiction and Mann's Doktor Faustus engage in the same modernist project of mapping the reification of subjectivity.

Second, Inclusion gives us a way to think about the reification of biological sex, which, as Epstein argues, we tend to accept much more uncritically than the reification of race even though its political implications are no less problematic.

Brown argues that Kane's novel, in its consideration of subjectivity, "embodies its own critique," because while it presents a utopian aesthetic ideal that is only reachable through reification, the ending of the novel points to the fact that the main character's solution is purely subjective, not applicable to anyone else, and can only be realized in the afterlife.

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