Note: Avoid room light exposure, and blue light (tv, phones, computers) before bedtime
as light is associated with a decrease in
melatonin
onset and duration, and negatively affects sleep, and the circadian system [, ].

At SelfHacked, it’s our goal to offer our readers all the tools possible to get optimally healthy. When I was struggling with chronic health issues I felt stuck because I didn’t have any tools to help me get better. I had to spend literally thousands of hours trying to read through studies on pubmed to figure out how the body worked and how to fix it.

That’s why I decided to create tools that will help others cut down the guesswork:

FDA Compliance

The information on this website has not been evaluated by the Food Drug Administration or any other medical body. We do not aim to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any illness or disease. Information is shared for educational purposes only. You must consult your doctor before acting on any content on this website, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition.

HOW WOULD YOU RATE THIS ARTICLE?

0

0

Submitted February 8, 2018 08:54AM

I would say that lack of motivation can be drived through anxiety or depression. I found that Creatine even in low dose acts stabilizing on my mood, and removes tiredness. It’s anti anxity effects were comperable to Niacin amide, but Creatine improves alertness, while Nacin amide were relaxing to the point of sleep promotion, definetaly not working for improving focus and motivation. Catuaba is a herb with caffeine like feel which is also a strong afrodisiac. I never tried it, but Qualia is advertised as an motivation supplement also.

Caffeine blocks adenosine receptors, which can interfere with dopamine signalling and its receptors. When caffeine blocks A2A receptors, it can enhance dopamine receptors because D2 receptors are now free. We added another reference that talks about this.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4462609/

Leave a Reply

JOE COHEN

CEO, SelfHacked

About Joe

At the age of 25, with lots of questions and very few satisfying answers, Joe decided to embark on a journey of self-experimentation - something that has since become known as "bio-hacking". He founded SelfHacked about 4 years ago and without any funds has transformed it to the fastest growing health website and the largest biohacking website, getting 1.5 million people visiting a month. He also founded SelfDecode which has become a leading platform for analyzing genetics for health information...

Creatine nitrate blends the benefits of dietary creatine and nitrates. It enhances exercise performance by increasing endurance, muscle mass gain, and fatigue resistance. Keep reading to find out more about the benefits and risks and to learn if this supplement can revolutionize your workouts.

Leaders can help employees be their best selves without changing the frames of their jobs. For example, in a
study
I conducted with colleagues, we found that asking new hires to write down and share stories about times they were at their best made them feel more comfortable about being themselves around co-workers, and that their unique strengths were valued. Results showed that newcomers onboarded this way made customers happier and were much less likely to quit in the future.

Employees want to be valued for the unique skills and perspectives they bring to the table, and the more you can re-enforce this, and remind them of their role in the company at large, the better. And it doesn’t take much. At both Make-A-Wish and Novant Health, for example, leaders encouraged employees to create their own
job titles
, a move which prompted people to highlight their unique contributions to their teams.

A second way to activate people’s seeking systems is to create an experimental “safe zone” that includes play and supportive social bonding. Play not only stimulates the seeking system, it also pushes anxiety and fear back into its place.

Positive emotions are important in their own right, of course. But it’s not just that play “feels good.” Experimental safe zones create intrinsic motivations, which are much more powerful than extrinsic motivations because they unleash creativity. Firms are more agile when they encourage employees to think up new approaches and try them out, and then get feedback about how the environment responded to their ideas.

The research
is clear that framing change and innovation as a chance to experiment and learn is better than framing it as a performance situation, which makes people anxious, risk-averse, and less willing to persist through difficulty. For example, employees in a white-goods manufacturing plant in Italy learned about lean manufacturing by playing with Legos rather than cooktops. They then experimented with transforming their own production line using the new techniques. In two weeks, the production team made lean manufacturing their own, reducing internal defects by 30% and improving productivity by 25%.

The feeling of purpose doesn’t only come from curing diseases and improving the world. The feeling of purpose also ignites when we can see the cause and effect between our inputs and our team’s progress. For example, sense of purpose soars when we can offer insights to our team about the environment and what might work better. Likewise, we feel a sense of purpose when we can experience firsthand how our unique contributions help other people and allow the team to progress.

For example, when leaders brought scholarship students into a call center to thank the fundraisers for the money they raised, the fundraisers became more persistent and made a lot more calls on their shifts. And, because they were more
personally connected
to the why of their work, each call was substantially more effective — they raised an average of $9,704.58 versus $2,459.44 for fundraisers who did not talk to a scholarship student.

Oral ingestion produces good non specific immune response and can be the most cost effective method with economically viable. It is mostly suited for extensive aquaculture system. Immunostimulants powders are mixed with feed using a fish oil coating. Now a day, bioencapsulation method is also followed to immunize the fish larvae during their early larval stages with live fed organisms.

The mode of action of immunostimulants is to activate the immune systems of organisms, to enhance the immunity level against invading pathogens. The approach is very diverse in nature or may be poorly understood and also depends on the type of immunostimulants, dose, route of administration, time and length of exposure.

In general immunostimulants enhance the phagocytosis and bacterial killing ability of macrophage, complements, lymphocytes and nonspecific cytotoxic cells, resulting in resistance and protection to various diseases and invading microorganisms.

Detection of immunostimulation

An increase in any characteristics such as phagocytosis, production of superoxide anions etc in treated fish and shellfish over controls is evidence of immunostimulation. Following are some of the methods of detection of immunostimulation.

1. Haematocrit and leucocyte count: Leucocytes mediate nonspecific immunity. So raised leucocytes count with an essentially unchanged haematocrit is an indication of immunostimulation.

Here, we will review the experimental and clinical evidence that ticagrelor increases the half-life and plasma concentration of adenosine, and critically evaluate whether this additional effect of ticagrelor may explain the drug’s clinical profile.

Formation of Adenosine and its Intracellular Uptake and Metabolism, Which Are Reduced by Ticagrelor Through Inhibition of ENT1

Adenosine is formed locally at sites of hypoxia and tissue damage through degradation of released adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) by CD39 and CD73 and is rapidly internalized by cells through equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1). Because adenosine degradation is primarily restricted to the intracellular space, inhibition of cellular uptake of adenosine via ENT1 effectively prolongs the half-life of adenosine, thereby increasing its extracellular concentration. As a consequence, ENT1 inhibition by ticagrelor results in enhanced responses to adenosine, mediated by interaction with the adenosine receptor subtypes AR, AR, AR, and AR, which are coupled to G or G proteins. AMP= adenosine monophosphate; cAMP= cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

Several studies provide evidence that ticagrelor inhibits cellular uptake of adenosine
(11,14,15)
. Ticagrelor inhibited adenosine uptake by washed human erythrocytes and by human, dog, and rat cell lines. Considering that the experiments were performed under sodium-free conditions and with cell lines that express ENT1 but not ENT2, it was assumed that ticagrelor inhibits sodium-independent ENT1
(14)
. The identity of the target transporter was recently confirmed with cells transfected with human transporters (ENT1, ENT2, CNT2, and CNT3). In these experiments, ticagrelor significantly inhibited adenosine uptake only in cells that expressed ENT1
(11)
. Compared with dipyridamole, an established ENT1 inhibitor
(16)
, ticagrelor displayed a lower affinity forthe transporter (
K
i
41 vs. 2.6 nmol/l). Other P2Y
12
antagonists, (cangrelor, elinogrel, and the active metabolites of clopidogrel and prasugrel) did not display any significant activity versus any of the transporters. The main metabolites of ticagrelor (AR-C124910XX, present in blood, and AR-C133913XX, present in urine) showed weak ENT1 inhibition and low affinity (
K
i
: 330 and 23,000 nmol/l, respectively). Finally, the main metabolite of cangrelor displayed very weakinhibition of adenosine uptake
(11)
. The 16-fold higher affinity of dipyridamole for ENT1 relative to ticagrelor is in line with the potency data obtained in the aforementioned invitro experiments
(14)
. The affinity of ticagrelor for P2Y
12
(
K
i
2 nmol/l or p
K
i
8.7)
(17)
is thus approximately 20-fold higher than for ENT1. Ticagrelor 1 μmol/l, but not the activemetabolite of prasugrel, significantly conserved adenosine in human whole blood invitro. Because the mean maximal plasma exposure after 90 mg of ticagrelor is 1.5 μmol/l
(15)
, these invitro data indicate a potential for clinical relevance. Importantly, it has been demonstrated that ticagrelor does not display relevant direct activity on adenosine receptors
(11,18)
and is not metabolized to adenosine
(19)
.