Cairo 1.12, let the releases roll!

18 months is a long time without an update. So why all the excitement now? Well it is a little story of one or two features and lots of performance…

First up, lets compare the relative performance of Cairo versions 1.10 and 1.12 on a recent SandyBridge machine, a i5-2520m, by looking at how long it takes to replay a selection of application traces.

The white line across the centre represents the baseline performance of cairo-1.10. Above that line and that backend is faster with cairo-1.12 for that application, below slower.

Across the board, with one or two exceptions, Cairo version 1.12 is much faster than 1.10. (Those one or two exceptions are interesting and quite unexpected. Analysing those regressions should help push Cairo further.) If we focus on the yellow bar, you can see that the performance of the baseline image backend has been improved consistently, peaking at almost 4 times faster, but on average around 50% faster. Note this excludes any performance gains also made by pixman within the same time frame. The other bars compare the other backends, the xlib backend using the SNA and UXA acceleration methods along with the pure CPU rasteriser (xvfb), and the OpenGL backend.

That tells us that we have made good improvements to Cairo’s performance, but a question that is often asked is whether using XRender is worthwhile and whether we would have better performance and more responsive user interfaces if we were just to use CPU rasterisation (using the image backend) and push those images to the X server, https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=738937 for instance. To answer that we need to look beyond the relative performance of the same backend over time, and instead look at the relative performance of the backends against image. (Note this excludes any transfer overhead, which in practice is mostly negligible.)

The answer is then a resounding no, even on integrated graphics, provided you have a good driver. And that lead will be stretched further in favour of using X (and thus the GPU) as the capabilities of the GPU grow faster than the CPU. Whilst we remain GPU bound at least! On the contrary, though it does say that without any driver it would be preferrable to perform client side rasterisation into a shared memory image to avoid he performance loss due to trapezoid passing in the protocol.

Given that we are forced by the XRender protocol to use a sub-optimal rendering method, we should do even better if we cut out the indirect rendering via X and rendered directly onto the GPU using OpenGL. What happens when we try?

Not only is the current gl backend overshadowed by the xlib backend, but it fails to even match the pure CPU rasteriser. There are features of the GPU that we are not using yet and are being experimented with, such as using multi-sample buffers and relying on the GPU to perform low quality antialiasing, but as for today it is applying the same methodology as the X driver uses internally and yet performs much worse.

The story is more less the same across all the generations of Intel’s integrated graphics.

Going back a generation to IronLake integrated graphics:

And for the netbooks we use PineView integrated graphics:

So the next time your machine feels slow or runs out of battery, it is more than likely to be the fault of your drivers.

On the last 2 images there are some huge regressions on UXA which is currently the default. Any hope on fixing those ?
Also what about other drivers (radeon, nouveau) ?Any chance you posting a comparison on those ?

Just to be clear, they are not regressions caused by a change in Cairo. They are caused by an inability of UXA to transform certain operations to fit within the limitations of the hardware. The fix is easier said than done since SNA was born out of the frustrations of trying to fix UXA in the first place.

I don’t have many cards (just one nouveau and one radeon box at the last count!), but I shall see if I can generate some interesting charts.

If you choose to target and optimize for the lowest common demoniator, you are then limiting everybody to that level and preventing opportunities for dramatic improvement. As demonstrated the issue is that the user experience is being impaired by the drivers, and by the acceptance of the status quo. In the case of UXA, we already have a viable replacement waiting to be rolled out.