Abstract

This work investigates the Bidirectional Scatter Distribution Function (BSDF) at incident
angles other than normal and at 544-nm wavelength of a Guided Mode Resonance Filter (GMRF)
Photonic Crystal (PC) structure designed for normally incident light at 532 nm. Strong
out-coupling of PC diffraction orders into both the transmitted and reflected hemispheres was
observed specifically at a 25.7° incidence angle, which we attribute to this incident
angle/wavelength pair being a good match to the ( ± 1, 0) PC grating mode. BSDF measurements at
incident angles of 15° and 35° also displayed some out-coupled diffraction, though much lower
in magnitude, and are also attributed to being a weaker match to the ( ± 1, 0) PC grating mode.
Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain Maxwell's equation simulations demonstrate that
since this GMRF was designed for complete destructive interference of the transmitted light
upon normal incidence, stronger out-coupling of the diffraction is expected for modal solutions
as the angle of incidence increases.

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