The procedures for using a caster-camber gaugefor measuring caster are as follows:With the vehicle centered on the turning radiusgauges, turn one of the front wheels inward untilthe turning radius gauge reads 20 degrees.Turn the adjustment knob on the caster-cambergauge until the bubble is centered on zero. Thenturn the wheel out 20 degrees.The degree marking next to the bubble will equalthe caster of that front wheel. Compare thereading to the manufacturers specifications andadjust as needed.Repeat this operation on the opposite side of thevehicle.The procedures for using a caster-camber gaugefor measuring camber are as follows:With the vehicle on a perfectly level surface, turnthe front wheels straight ahead until the turningradius gauges read zero.Read the number of degrees next to the bubbleon the camber scale of the caster-camber gauge.This will show camber for that wheel. If notwithin manufacturers specifications, adjust thecamber.Double-check the caster readings, especiallywhen an excessive amount of camberadjustment is required.NOTEIf shims are used to adjust camber, add orremove the same amount of shims from thefront and rear of the control arm. This willkeep the caster set correctly,.Tram GaugeThe tram gauge (fig. 8-57) is a metal rod or shaftwith two pointers, used to compare the distancebetween the front and rear of the tires of the vehicle fortoe adjustment. The pointers slide on the gauge so theycan be set to the distance between the tires. The tramgauge will indicate toe-out or toe-in in inches ormillimeters.The procedures for using a tram gauge formeasuring toe are as follows:Raise the front wheels of the vehicle and rub achalk line all the way around the center rib oneach tire.Figure 8-57.Tram gauge.With a scribing tool, rotate each tire and scribe afine line on the chalk line. This will give you avery thin reference line for measuring thedistance between the tires.Lower the vehicle back on the turning radiusgauges.Position the tram gauge at the back of the tires.Move the pointers until they line up with thescribe marks on the tires.Without bumping the tram gauge pointers,reposition the gauge to the front of the tires. Thedifference between the lines on the front and rearof the tires shows toe.If the lines on the front of the tires are closertogether than on the rear, the wheels are toed-in. If thelines are the same distance apart at the front and rear,toe is zero. Use the manufacturers service manual forspecifications and adjustment procedures.Q1.Q2.Q3.REVIEW 5 QUESTIONSDefine the term alignment.What are the six fundamental angles required forproper wheel alignment?What gauge is used to compare the distancebetween the front and rear of the tires of thevehicle for toe adjustment?BODY REPAIRLearning Objective: Describe the procedures forrepairing and refinishing automotive bodies. Explainthe Naval Construction Force (NCF) policy oncorrosion control.The automotive body provides protection for theengine, power train components, operator, and anycargo or passengers. At the same time, it adds strengthto the frame and provides adequate vision for theoperator. Last but not least, the body design provides apleasant outward appearance.8-47