Exotics - Poultry 1

Poultry

Question

Answer

(For my knowledge) What is a poult? What is a pullet?

A pullet is a young female laying hen less than 1 year typically, a poult is a young chicken/turkey/whatever poultry being raised for foodstuffs (just think that a poult is baby poultry that you're gonna eat. Whereas a pullet can pullet together & be other things than food (like a layer) )

What type of poultry production brings the greatest income to the US economy? (How much?)

Broilers 30 Billion (3 eats more meat than eggs)

How many eggs are consumed per capita in the US?

300 (3 loves making omlettes)

What species of poultry has the best feed efficiency – broiler or turkey?

Broilers almost 1:1 more like 2 lbs of food per 1 lb of meat (prolly why chicken more common)

Export of US poultry products is valued at what level?

4.2 billion (four & 2 discuss money)

In what species of growing poultry are the sexes raised together-pullet, poult, or broiler chick?

Broiler chick-it's hard to sex them & their gender doesnt matter w/ eating their meat like it does w/ laying eggs & you want them to breed I think. & turkeys kill each other.

Artificial insemination is a common practice w/ what species of poultry.

Turkeys (theyre just too big & raised separate)

Ninety-five percent of commercial layers are raised under what type of conditions?

Tiered cages

Nipple drinkers should not be used for which 1 of the following species: layer, broiler, turkey, duck?

Turkeys use plasson drinkers (theyre too dumb to figure it out)

What types of information in daily poultry records might help a veterinarian w/ a field investigation?

Why type of clothing is most appropriate for a veterinarian to wear upon entering a poultry facility?

CoverallsBouffants (Sx cap)Dust maskBootsGloves

What are the various methods for vaccinating poultry?

In ovo, spray, drinking water, wing web, eye drop, injxn

How are killed Vxs usually applied?

Injected but NOT broilers or growing turkeys only breeder broilers or layers-SQ neck or IM breast or thigh mm ((killed is only injected, bc it's dead

How are live Vxs applied?

Can be injected, spray, water, wing web, in ovo, eye drop (just like how a liver virus is live, it can get in different ways & move around for the immune system to find it)

What are examples of adverse effects of Vx?

Tissue rxn-adjuvants or transmit bacteria, exaggerated rxn in tissue or respiratory rxn-open mouth breathing-using fine spray that go down to lower resp tract, or strain too strong for age can actually get dz

Of the 4 possible sources of infxn what is the most common manner in which male turkeys contract Erysipelothrix infxn? What is 1 additional route in which turkey breeder hen can contract the infxn?

(REMEMBER TURKEYS are closer to pig size than chickens, so turkeys get Erysipelothrix) Fighting among Toms is major source of infxn bc are subclinical carriers. (Other modes are soil, swine, rats). Transmit to hens through semen via AI.

Do Pasteurella multocida & Erysipelothrix usually infect young (<5 weeks) or older (mature >10 weeks) birds? Which of these agents is Gram positive & which 1 is Gram negative?

What is the hallmark lesion of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infxn in turkeys & hence the dz name in turkeys? What is the anatomic site that is usually enlarged? Is the exudate associated w/ MG infxn in turkeys caseous, suppurative or seromucoid?

What Mycoplasma agent, in particular, is referred to as “venereal dz of tom turkeys” bc it has been xmitted to hens by artificial insemination?

Mycoplasma meleagridis (mel is greedy if she thinks she can have the babies of so many toms w/o getting an STD)

“Raccoon eye” is a prominent feature of what bacterial infxn of turkeys? Why is exudate also present on the shoulders of infected birds? What effect on the trachea can cz infected poults to have a high-pitched chirp & respiratory distress?

How is aspergillosis contracted? What is the hallmark lesion in the lung? Can it be xmitted from bird to bird?

Its contracted from the environment via spore inhalation-dusty litter or via contaminated eggs in incubator. Granulomatous pneumonia-yellow/grey nodules in lungs, air sacs, trachea. NOT xmitted from bird-bird (asparagus, when inhaled, will def cz nodules in your lungs. but another bird can't catch the asparagus in your lungs)

What husbandry practice is a common cz of overgrowth of Candida yeast in the crops of young birds.