Contents

Review of Molecular Biology

Table of Contents

Further Reading

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The bond between a phosphate group and the ribose sugar group in RNA is
called which of the following?

(A)
Phosphodiester linkage

(B)
Glycosidic bond

(C)
Peptide bond

(D)
Amide bond

Which of the following is does not play a role in DNA replication?

(A)
DNA polymerase

(B)
Helicase

(C)
Single-stranded binding protein

(D)
Guanyl transferase

Splicing is the process that does which of the following?

(A)
Remove introns and conserve exons

(B)
Remove exons and conserve introns

(C)
Remove mutated regions of primary transcript RNA

(D)
Add multiple adenosine bases to the end of a primary RNA transcript

Which of the following is not a characteristic of eukaryotic DNA
transcription?

(A)
Multiple RNA polymerases

(B)
TATA-binding protein

(C)
Strict promoter sequences

(D)
Transcription factors

Which of the following codons cannot be recognized by a tRNA molecule?

(A)
UAA

(B)
CGA

(C)
UUU

(D)
AUG

What is the rate of DNA translation?

(A)
80 nucleotides per second

(B)
200 nucleotides per second

(C)
60 nucleotides per second

(D)
40 nucleotides per second

Which of the following is not a common hydrogen bond acceptor?

(A)
A carbonyl

(B)
Primary amine

(C)
Hydroxyl

(D)
Tertiary amine

During DNA replication, the 3' OH of the growing DNA chain attacks which
phosphate of an incoming nucleotide?

(A)
Alpha

(B)
Beta

(C)
Gamma

(D)
Delta

The ideal spacing between the 10 and 35 regions of a prokaryotic promoter
is:

(A)
14

(B)
15

(C)
16

(D)
17

The 5' capping process creates what type of linkage?

(A)
5'-3'

(B)
3'-5'

(C)
5'-5'

(D)
3'-3'

Codons that code for the same amino acid are called:

(A)
Synonyms

(B)
Similar

(C)
Degenerates

(D)
Complements

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a tRNA molecule?

(A)
D arm

(B)
Beta arm

(C)
T arm

(D)
Anti-codon arm

Adenine and guanine are examples of what class of nitrogen base?

(A)
Large

(B)
Pyrimidines

(C)
Small

(D)
Purines

What is the rate of mammalian DNA replication?

(A)
500 nucleotides per second

(B)
100 nucleotides per second

(C)
50 nucleotides per second

(D)
10 nucleotides per second

What signals the end of transcription?

(A)
Stop codon

(B)
Terminator

(C)
The end of the DNA chain

(D)
RNA polymerase runs out

What is the function of the poly A tail?

(A)
Helps with recognition by ribosomes during translation

(B)
Eases transportation from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm

(C)
Prevents mutations

(D)
The function is unknown

Which of the following is not a name for newly synthesized eukaryotic RNA?

(A)
Mature RNA

(B)
Primary transcript RNA

(C)
Pre-mRNA

(D)
Transcript RNA

The start codon is:

(A)
AUU

(B)
UAA

(C)
AUG

(D)
UAG

How do the large and small subunits of a ribosome come together during
translation?

(A)
Self-assembly

(B)
With the aid of translation factors

(C)
By the hydrolysis of ATP

(D)
With the help of tRNAs

Which of the following is not a component of a nucleotide?

(A)
Phosphate group

(B)
Anti-codon

(C)
Ribose sugar

(D)
Nitrogen base

What is the rate of mutation per round of DNA replication?

(A)
1 in 1,000 base pairs

(B)
1 in 10,000 base pairs

(C)
1 in 1,000,000 base pairs

(D)
1 in 1,000,000,000 base pairs

Which of the subunits of RNA polymerase holoenzyme is responsible for
promoter recognition?

(A)
The beta subunit

(B)
The sigma subunit

(C)
The gamma subunit

(D)
The delta subunit

Which of the following is an example of a missense mutation?

(A)
UAC to UAG

(B)
AAA to UAA

(C)
UGC to UCC

(D)
UAA to UGA

The structure of tRNA resembles a(n):

(A)
Cloverleaf

(B)
L

(C)
A helix

(D)
B helix

Which of the following is not a DNA base?

(A)
Thymine

(B)
Uracil

(C)
Adenine

(D)
Guanine

What provides the energy that drives the addition of nucleotides to a growing
DNA chain during replication?

(A)
The release of a pyrophosphate

(B)
The hydrolysis of ATP

(C)
The hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate

(D)
The hydrolysis of GTP

Which of the following is the sequence of the 10 region of prokaryotic
promoters?

(A)
TATAAT

(B)
TTGACA

(C)
TATA

(D)
CAA

What is the name of the molecule that is added to the 5' end of eukaryotic
RNA transcripts?

(A)
ATP

(B)
SnRNP

(C)
GTP

(D)
Phosphate

According to the wobble hypothesis, a U in the 5' position of the anitcodon can
pair with:

(A)
U or C

(B)
A or G

(C)
A, C, or G

(D)
Only A

What is the name of the enzyme responsible for helping charge tRNA
molecules?

(A)
Guanyl transferase

(B)
Polymerase

(C)
Helicase

(D)
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthase

Which of the following is not an RNA base?

(A)
Adenine

(B)
Uracil

(C)
Thymine

(D)
Cytosine

The strand on which DNA replication is continuous is called the:

(A)
Leading strand

(B)
Lagging strand

(C)
Major strand

(D)
Minor strand

Which of the following is not characteristic of prokaryotic terminators?

(A)
Rho-independent terminators

(B)
Rho-dependent terminators

(C)
The TATA box

(D)
Hairpin loops

What is the sequence recognized by poly (A) polymerase?

(A)
TATAAA

(B)
CAA

(C)
CCCGAA

(D)
AAUAAA

What is the name of a mutation that changes the reading frame of an RNA
molecule?

(A)
Frameshift mutation

(B)
Missense mutation

(C)
Nonsense mutation

(D)
Change-frame mutation

The 3' end of a tRNA molecule contains which of the following sequences?

(A)
TATA

(B)
CAA

(C)
AUG

(D)
UAA

What is the name of the bond that links the nitrogen base and the ribose sugar
in a nucleotide?

(A)
Phosphodiester bond

(B)
5'-5' bond

(C)
Glycosidic bond

(D)
Amide bond

What is the enzyme responsible for stitching together Okazaki fragments?

(A)
Helicase

(B)
Single-stranded binding protein

(C)
Primase

(D)
Ligase

Which of the following sequences is not typical of a eukaryotic polymerase
II promoter?

(A)
TATAAAA

(B)
TTGACA

(C)
GCCCAATCT

(D)
GGGCG

How many base pairs make up a codon?

(A)
1

(B)
2

(C)
3

(D)
4

How many amino acids are there?

(A)
20

(B)
30

(C)
40

(D)
50

What is the name of the proteins that catalyze the release of the peptide
chain at translationtermination?

(A)
Terminators

(B)
Releasors

(C)
Rho

(D)
Release factors

How many hydrogen bonds are formed between one A:T base pair?

(A)
1

(B)
2

(C)
3

(D)
4

What is the name of the enzyme responsible for unwinding helical DNA for
replication?

(A)
Helicase

(B)
Polymerase

(C)
Ligase

(D)
Exonuclease

Which of the following is not involved in the splicing reaction?

(A)
5' splice site

(B)
Hairpin loops

(C)
Branch A point

(D)
3' splice site

Between which phosphate groups is the linkage between the GTP molecule and
RNA chain in the 5' cap?

(A)
Beta-beta

(B)
Alpha-gamma

(C)
Gamma-beta

(D)
Alpha-beta

How many nucleotides specify an amino acid?

(A)
3

(B)
6

(C)
9

(D)
12

What links codons and anti-codons together during DNA translation?

(A)
DNA ligase

(B)
Single-stranded binding protein

(C)
Complementary base pairing

(D)
GTP

Which of the following is not a source of DNA damage?

(A)
Chemical damage

(B)
Splicing

(C)
Attack by water

(D)
Radiation damage

At which position on the ribose ring is the base group attached to the nitrogen
base group?