Origins of the Surname

An
Introduction to the Surname

The practice of inherited family surnames began in England and France during the
late part of the 11th century. Surnames
were first utilized in the Germanic region of central Europe during the
second half of the 12th century. The
custom of taking on surnames began in the southern areas of Germany, and
gradually spread northward during the Middle Ages. It took
about three hundred years for this tradition to apply to most families and
become a constant part of one’s identity. With the passing of
generations and the movement of families from place to place many of the
original identifying names were altered into some of the versions that we are
familiar with today. Over the centuries, most of our European ancestors
accepted their surname as an unchangeable part of their lives. Thus people
rarely changed their surname. Variations of most surnames were usually the
result of an involuntary act such as when a government official wrote a name phonetically or made an
error in transcription.

Map of European
Languages

Research into the record of thisPINNELL family line indicates that the variations, meanings and history
of this surname are most likely linked to that area of Europe where English, Scots, and/or Irishlinguistic
traditions are commonly found.

Sources
and Meanings of the Surname

Most modern Germanic
and French family names are a means
conveying lineage. For the
most part,German surnames were developed
from four major sources: (1) Patronymic
& Matronymic
surnames most common in northern Germany are based on a parent’s first
name, such as Niklas Albrecht (Niklas son of Albrecht); (2) occupational surnames
are last names based on the person’s job or trade for example Lukas Fischer (Lukas
the Fisherman); (3) descriptive surnames are based on a unique
quality or physical feature of the individual like Karl Braun (Karl with
brown hair); (4) geographical surnames are derived from the
location of the homestead from which the first bearer and his family lived
such as Leon Meer (Leon from by the sea), or derived from the state,
region, or village of the first bearer's origin for example Paul Cullen (Paul
from Koeln/Cologne).

Most of the modern English,
Irish, Scottish, and Welsh family names throughout Great Britain have
originated as a result of the following circumstances: patronym or matronym, names
based on the name of one's father, mother or ancestor, (Johnson, Wilson).
Each is a means of conveying lineage;occupation
(i.e., Carpenter, Cooper, Brewer, Mason);habitational
(Middleton, Sidney, or Ireland) or topographical(i.e. Hill, Brook, Forrest, Dale);nicknames(i.e., Moody Freeholder, Wise, Armstrong); status (i.e. Freeman, Bond, Knight); and acquired ornamental
names that were simply made up.

According to theDictionary
of American Family Names the Pinnell surname is English
in origin.It is a diminutive of Pine. Pine is both English and French originating from Middle English pine
and Old French pin, a topographic name for someone who lived by a
conspicuous pine tree or in a pine forest. It may also be a Norman habitat
ional name from any of various places named with this word, such as Le Pin in
Calvados; in other cases it may originally have been a nickname for a tall
man, one thought to resemble a pine tree.

History of the
Surname

Most Germanic Surnames from Central Europe
have their roots in the Germanic
Middle Ages. The process of forming family names in what is present day
Germany began during Middle High Germanperiod in the history of the German
language from the early 12th Century
to the 16th
century. The
nobility and wealthy land owners were the first to begin using surnames.
Merchants and townspeople then adopted the custom, as did the rural
population. This process took two or three centuries. In most of the Germanic States of the Holy Roman
Empire, the practice of using
surnames was well established by the 1500s.

Surnames
of the British Isles as we know them today
were first assumed in Europe
from the 11th to the 15th century. They were not in use in England
or Scotland,
before the Norman
Conquest of 1066, and were first found in the Domesday Book
of 1086. The employment in the use of a second name was a custom that was
first introduced from the Normans
who had adopted the custom just prior to this time. Soon thereafter it
became a mark of a generally higher socio-economic
status and thus seen as disgraceful for a well-bred man to have only
one name. It was not until the middle of the 14th century that
surnames became general practice among all people in the British Isles

The concept of French
Surnames
come from the Medieval
French
word 'surnom' translating as "above-or-over name," surnames or
descriptive names trace their use back to 11th century France,
when it first became necessary to add a second name to distinguish between
individuals with the same given name. The custom of using surnames did not
become common for several centuries, however.

EARLY
HISTORY OF THE SURNAME

Although this is an English surname, it may in some cases
have an ultimate French origin. According to the famous Victorian
etymologist Canon Charles Bardsley, it has two possible sources both from
personal names. The first is a metronymic and derives from the female name of
Petronella or Petronilla, both quite popular in the Middle Ages. This was a
name which was either introduced by the Normans after the Conquest of 1066,
or possibly by the Crusaders returning from the Holy Land in the 12th
century, while the second is as a diminutive of the pre-7th century Olde
English name Payne, to which has been added a short form of the word
"little" to give "Payn-el" or son of Payne. However later
research suggests yet a third option, in this case locational from a place
called Penn Hall formerly Penehull, in the county of Worcester. In this case
Alredus de Penhull is recorded in the Assize Rolls of Worcester in the year
1221, when it appears that he may not have paid his taxes. This is clearly a
locational recording, but that of William Pennel, recorded in Colchester,
Essex in 1377, suggests a development from a personal name. Other early
recordings include Anne Pennyale at St Margarets, Westminster, in 1571,
Thomas Pernell of St Columb Major in Cornwall in 1580, Elizabeth Penniall who
married Robert Wood at St Margarets, Westminster in 1640, and Samuel Pennell,
at St Mary Aldermanry, in the city of London in 1671.

More About
Surname Meanings & Origins

GERMAN
SURNAMES

Many German names have
their roots in the Germanic
Middle Ages. The process of forming family names began early in the 12th Century
and extended through the 16th century.
All social classes and demographic strata aided in the development of names.
First Names (Rufnamen) identified specific persons. Over time the
first name began to be applied to the bearer's whole family. At first
through verbal usage, family names (Familiennamen) were later fixed
through writing. Until the 17th century,
first names played a more important role. The earliest family names derived
from the first name of the first bearer (Patronym). Later names derived
from the place of dwelling and location of the homestead. If a person of
family migrated
from one place to another they were identified by the place they came from.
Of more recent origin are names derived from the vocation of profession of
the first bearer. These names comprise the largest group and the most easily
recognizable, for they tell what the first bearer did for a living. Another
group are names derived from a physical or other characteristic of the first
bearer. Finally, there are names that tell you the state or region a first
bearer and his family came from; the age old division in tribes and regions (Low German,
Middle
German and Upper German)
is often reflected in names.

BRITISH
SURNAMES

Although the Domesday Bookcompiled
by William the
Conqueror
required surnames, the use of them in the British Islesdid
not become fixed until the time period between 1250 and 1450. The broad
range of ethnic and linguistic roots for British surnames
reflects the history of Britain as an
oft-invaded land. These roots include, but are not limited to, Old English, Middle English, Old French, Old Norse, Irish, Gaelic, Celtic, Pictish, Welsh, Gaulish, Germanic, Latin, Greek and Hebrew.
Throughout the British Isles, there are basically five types of native
surnames. Some surnames were derived from a man's occupation (Carpenter,
Taylor, Brewer, Mason), a practice that was commonplace by the end of the
14th century. Place
names reflected a location of residence and were also commonly used (Hill,
Brook, Forrest, Dale) as a basis for the surname, for reasons that can be
easily understood. Nicknames that stuck also became surnames. About
one-third of all surnames in the United Kingdom are patronymic in origin,
and identified the first bearer of the name by his father (or grandfather
in the case of some Irish names). When the
coast of England was invaded by William The Conqueror in the year 1066, the
Normans brought with them a store of French personal names, which soon, more
or less, entirely replaced the traditional more varied Old English personal
names, at least among the upper and middle classes. A century of so later,
given names of the principal saints of the Christian church began to be used.
It is from these two types of given name that the majority of the English
patronymic surnames are derived and used to this day. Acquired
ornamental names were simply made up, and had no specific reflection on the
first who bore the name. They simply sounded nice, or were made up as a means
of identification, generally much later than most surnames were adopted. Source:
http://www.obcgs.com/LASTNAMES.htm

FRENCH
SURNAMES

Suffixes & Prefixes - While not in
common use as in Italy or Sweden, some French surnames
are formed by the addition of various prefixes and suffixes. A variety of
French suffixes including -eau, -elet, -elin, -elle, and -elot, mean
"little son of" and can be found attached to a given name to form a
patronym. Prefixes of French surnames also have specific origins. The
prefixes "de," "des," "du," and "le"
each translate as "of" and may be found used in patronymic and
geographical French surnames. Some French-Normanpatronymic surnames
will have the prefix "fritz," from the Old French for
"son of" (Fitzgerald - son of Gerald).

Alias Surnames or
Dit Names
- In
some areas of France, a second surname may have been adopted in order to
distinguish between different branches of the same family, especially when
the families remained in the same town for generations. These alias surnames
can often be found preceded by the word "dit." Sometimes an
individual even adopted the dit name as the family name, and dropped the
original surname. This practice was most common in France among soldiers and
sailors.

Germanic Origins of
French Names
-As
so many French surnames are derived from first names, it is important to know
that many common French first names have Germanic origins, coming into
fashion during German invasions into France. Therefore, having a name with
Germanic origins does not necessarily mean that you have German ancestors!

Variations of the Surname

Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have
continued to unfold and expand often leading to an overwhelming number of
variants.As such one can
encounter great variation in the spelling of surnames because in early times,
spelling in general and thus the spelling of names was not yet standardized.
Later on spellings would change with the branching and movement of families. The
complexity of researching records is compounded by the fact that in many
cases an ancestors surname may have been misspelled. This is especially true
when searching census documents.

Spelling variations of
this family name include: Penell,Pennel,Pennall,Pennells,Penal,Pennell, Peniall, Penniall, Pnnel(dialectal), Penniell, Pernell, and many more, (as noted below).

Spelling variations of this family
name may be ascertained through the utilization of several systems developed
over the years. The most prominently known are Soundex, Metaphone,
and the NameX systems. Of the three we recommend NameX as the
most accurate for family historians.

Click
on the button to find the variants of this or any other surname by utilizing The
Name Thesaurus a ground-breaking technology for
finding Surname and Forename variants.

This useful
genealogy research tool has identified 385 million variants for
5,929,000 Surnames and 26 million variants for 1,246,000 Forenames, as well
as gender identification for more than 220,000 Forenames.

NameX matched 172 spelling
variations of the PINNELL surname. The top 20
are:

Metaphone is a phonetic
algorithm, first published
in 1990, for indexing words by their English pronunciation. It fundamentally
improves on the Soundex algorithm by using information about variations and
inconsistencies in English spelling and pronunciation to produce a more
accurate encoding. Later a new version of the
algorithm named Double Metaphone was created to take into account spelling
peculiarities of a number of other languages. In 2009 a third version, called
Metaphone 3, achieves an accuracy of approximately 99% for English words,
non-English words familiar to Americans, and first names and family names
commonly found in the U.S. The Metaphone Code for PINNELL
is PNL. There are 643other surnames sharing this code.

Surname

Match Score

Surname

Match Score

Pinell

99

Pinneall

99

Pinnel

99

Pinnelle

99

Pinniell

99

Pinnill

97

Pinnle

97

Pinnele

97

Pinneal

97

Pinneil

97

Pinnall

97

Piniell

97

Pinelle

97

Pineall

97

Pineell

97

Pynnell

97

Pinel

96

Pinnella

96

Pinnelli

96

Pinnello

96

The
Soundex System was developed in an effort to assist with
identifying spelling variations for a given surname. Soundex is a method of
indexing names in the 1880, 1900, 1910, and 1920 US Census, and can aid
genealogists in their research. The
Soundex Code for PINNELL is P540. There are 1340
other surnames sharing this Code.

If The
Name Thesaurus doesn’t adequately address the name you are looking for
check out the following link:

Locations of
the Surname

Locational
Distribution of This Surname

Knowing the geographical areas where
the surname you are researching is clustered and distributed is an
indispensable tool in deciding where to focus your research. We believe that
the “Public Profiler” website will open up to you a wide range of solutions
which implement current research in spatial analysis. This site provides an
array of local spatial information tools useful to the genealogist.

The information presented herein
shows where the PINNELLsurnameis distributed within North America as well as in Europethe location
of origin for this surname. Statistics show that the country were this
surname is the most highly clustered is the United
Kingdomwith
approximately 15.79persons per million of
population. The density of population in the within
the United States is7.52persons
per million of population. The top region in the World where this
surname is the most highly clustered is Wiamate
District, New Zealand with 1370.33 persons per million, andBristol,
England
is the top city where this surname is found.

North America

Europe

Click on
thumbnail for larger image

Click on the LINK to the right to
see more information about the World distribution of a surname. You can

get greater
detail for any of the following maps by clicking on the area, i.e state,
county that you are interested in.

Historical
Distribution of this Surname

The main value in historical surname distribution databases
and maps is that they enable genealogists to pinpoint the predominant
location of a surname. This can quickly narrow down your search for a BDM
certificate. Knowing where to look is half the battle to finding ancestry
records; if you can narrow down the search field it can save you a lot of
time and trouble. The core of historical surname distribution is that most
people stayed within a fairly close locale. Concentrations of surnames are
clearly visible on Surname Distribution Maps, and name distribution tables
(along with an atlas) make it quite likely that the origin of that name is
from the area of its highest concentration.

Armorial
Bearings, Mottoes & Symbols

An
Introduction To European Heraldry

The art
of designing, displaying, describing, and recording arms is called heraldry. The use of
coats of arms by countries, states, provinces, towns and villages is called
civic heraldry. A coat of arms, more properly called an armorial
achievement, armorial bearings or often just arms for short. A Coat of Arms is defined
as a
group of emblems and figures (heraldic bearings) usually arranged on and
around a shield and serving as the special insignia of some person, family,
or institution. Except for a few cases, there is really no such thing as a
standard "coat of arms" for a surname. The rules and traditions
regarding Coats of Arms vary from country to country. Therefore a Coat of
Arms for an English family would differ from that of a German family even
when the surname is the same.

The
seeds of heraldic structure in personal identification can be detected in the
account in a contemporary chronicle of Henry
I of England,
on the occasion of his knighting his son-in-law Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou, in 1127.
He placed to hang around his neck a shield painted with golden lions. The
funerary enamel of Geoffrey (died 1151), dressed in blue and gold and bearing
his blue shield
emblazoned with gold lions, is
the first recorded depiction of a coat of arms.

By the
middle of the 12th century, coats of arms were being inherited by the
children of armigers (persons
entitled to use a coat of arms) across Europe. Between 1135 and 1155, seals
representing the generalized figure of the owner attest to the general
adoption of heraldic devices in England, France, Germany, Spain, and Italy. By the
end of the century, heraldry appears as the sole device on seals. In
England, the practice of using marks of cadency arose to
distinguish one son from another: the conventions became standardized in
about 1500, and are traditionally supposed to have been devised by John Writhe.

In the
Germanic areas of Central Europe heraldry spread to the German burgher class in the 13th century, and even
some peasants used arms in the 14th century. A German
coat of arms is usually referred to by any of the following terms; Wappen,
Familienwappen, Blasonierung, Heraldik, or Wappenschablonen.

Although heraldry in France and the lowlands of Belguim and Holland had a
considerable history, like England, existing
from the eleventh
century,
such formality has largely died out in these locations. The role of the herald (héraut)
in France declined in the seventeenth
century.
Many of the terms in international heraldry come from French.

Gallery of
Images

Our galleries contain full-sized images of Coats-of Arms that
pertain to the surnames of our direct ancestral lineage. As most
surnames have many variant spellings we suggest that you also view the
galleries of our other two sub-sites as they make have a surname that is
similar or has a slightly different spelling that the one you are researching

Use this LINK to find images of many unique coat-of-arms in a
wide

variety of surnames many of
them not found anywhere else on the internet.

Crest - The word crest
is often mistakenly applied to a coat of arms. The crest was a later
development arising from the love of pageantry. Initially the crest
consisted of charges painted onto a ridge on top of the helmet.

Wreath or Torse – The torse is a twist of
cloth or wreath underneath and part of a crest. Always shown as six twists,
the first tincture being the tincture of the field,
the second the tincture of the metal, and so on.

Mantling – The mantling is a drapery
tied to the helmet above the shield. It forms a backdrop for the shield.

Helm or Helmet - The helmet or
helm is situated above the shield and bears the torse and crest. The style of
helmet displayed varies according to rank and social status, and these styles
developed over time, in step with the development of actual military helmets.

Shield or Arms - The basis of
all coats of arms. At their simplest, arms consist of a shield
with a plain field on which appears a geometrical shape or object. The items
appearing on the shield are known as charges.

Motto - The motto was originally
a war cry, but later mottoes often expressed some worthy sentiment. It may
appear at the top or bottom of a family coat of arms.

When reading
the following descriptions of these armorial bearings you may come across a
term that you would like to know more about.

As such we
recommend you utilize this LINK BUTTON to locate additional information
within the classic resource book originally published by James Parker and
Company in 1894.

In addition to an image of the selected Armorial
Bearings, presented below, we have divided each into three specific areas of
content. They are:

About the
Proprietor:A coat-of-arms design is usually granted only
to a single person not to an entire family or to a particular surname. Coats of
arms are inheritable property, and they generally descend to male lineal
descendents of the original arms grantee. Therefore the descriptive
narratives below generally refer to this person as the “proprietor”. The
information given within the category primarily focuses upon the name of the
proprietor, when the armorial bearings were granted, and by whom, as well as
where he was seated.

Blazoning the
Arms:In heraldry a blazon is a formal description of the
coat
of arms, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate
image. Primarily our blazons will focus upon a description of the shield, crest
and mantling,
as well as a motto, if known. We attempt to construct our blazons utilizing
current-day terminology for better comprehension.

Interpreting
the Arms:Heraldry
symbols such as the colors, lines and shapes found on coats-of-arms are
generally referred to as charges.
Although there is some debate over whether or not the charges have any
universal symbolism many persons do believe they may represent an idea or
skill of the person who originally had the armorial bearings created. If
this assumption has any validity charges may provide clues to early family
history of that person.

Panneel
of Flanders

About the Proprietor:
These arms belonged to a Panneel of Flanders. Historically, Flanders referred to a region located in the north-western part of
present-day Belgium
and adjacent parts of France and the Netherlands.

Blazoning the Arms: A blue shield
with a silver fesse. Three gold stars, two in chief and one in base. Any crest
or motto that might be associated with these arms is unknown. The
specific colors of the mantling are not known.

Interpreting
the Arms: The color blue
signifies truth
and loyalty. The utilization of silver or white represents peace and
sincerity. The starssymbolize
honor, achievement and hope.

Pannell
of Lincolnshire

About the Proprietor:
The spelling of the proprietor’s surname associated with these arms may be
either Pannal, Pannel, or Pannell of Lincolnshire as well as Yorkshire. Places named Pannal and Pannal Ash are located in
North Yorkshire, and the Pannell spelling is prominent in Lincolnshire.

Blazoning the Arms: A silver shield
with a black bend. Any crest or motto that might be associated
with these arms is unknown. The specific colors of the mantling are
not known.

Interpreting the Arms:
In heraldry the bend represents the scarf or shield suspender of a
knight commander; signifies defense or protection. The color black represents
constancy or grief.

Blazoning the Arms: A red shield
with two white chevrons. Any crest or motto that might be
associated with these arms is unknown. The specific colors of the mantling
are not known. Another version of this design adds an engrailed border to
the white chevrons.

Interpreting
the Arms: The utilization of the color red
usually represents a warrior
or martyr. It may also signify military strength and magnanimity. The chevron generally means protection and is
commonly used by builders or others who have accomplished some work of
faithful service.

Blazoning the Arms:A silver
or white shield holds two red lions (passant guardant) each
with a blue crown. Any crest or motto that might be
associated with these arms is unknown. The specific colors of the mantling
are not known.

Interpreting the Arms:The lionhas always held a high place in
heraldry as the emblem of deathless courage, and, hence, that of a valiant
warrior. It is said to be a lively image of a good soldier, who must be
‘valiant in courage, strong of body, politic in council and a foe to fear’. Passant
is a word used to express the position of a beast walking past, most
frequently applied to the Lion. Guardant means that the lion’s face
is turned towards the spectator.

Pennell
of Cheshire

About the Proprietor: This coat-of-arms has been
associated with a Pennell of Cheshire. Cheshire aka. as Chester is
archaically the County Palatine of Chester. Cheshire is located in the North
West of England.
The western edge of the county forms part of England's border with Wales.
Similar arms dating back to 1634, but without this crest, have been
attributed to a Penell of Woodstone in Lindridge, Worchestershire.

Blazoning the Arms:A silver or white shield
with a red fesse on which are three wheat sheaves. The crest
features and ostrich’s head (couped). Any motto that might be
associated with these arms is unknown. The specific colors of the mantling
are not known. According to Burke another version associated with Pennell of
Cheshire has a red shield with two white chevrons.

Interpreting
the Arms:The wheat-sheaf (garb) signifies plenty and commendable
hospitality in the bearer. It may also mean that the harvest of the bearer’s
hopes is secured. One of the earliest appearances of garbs in heraldry was
on the seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester who died in 1232. Garbs became
identified thereafter with the Earldom of Chester, though they also appear in
the arms of other families, some with a distant connection to the Earls and
some without.

Pennell
of Great Britain

About
the Proprietor: These armorial bearings are listed in Burke’s
General Armoire as belonging to a Pennell of the British Isles.

Blazoning the Arms:An ermine shield
with a red bend surmounted by a gold fesse. The crest shows an arm in
armor, couped at the shoulder, and holding a scimetar. Any motto that
might be associated with these arms is unknown. The specific colors of the mantling
are not known.

Interpreting
the Arms:The swordis said to be the emblem of military honor and
should incite the bearer to a just and generous pursuit of honor and virtue.
It is symbolic of liberty and strength. A scimitar is a backsword
or sabre with a
curved blade, originating in the Middle
East. Ermine in heraldry is a
"fur", or varied tincture, consisting of a white background
with a pattern of black shapes representing the winter coat of the stoat. The ermine
spot, the conventional heraldic representation of the tail, has had a
wide variety of shapes over the centuries; its most usual representation has
three tufts at the end (bottom), converges to a point at the root (top), and
is attached by three studs. The ermine spot (so specified), however,
may also be used singly as a mobile charge, or as a mark of cadency signifying
the absence of a blood relationship.

Pennell
of Surry

About the Proprietor: This coat-of-arms was granted to William
Pennell, Esq., born 1765, was residing at East
Mousley, Surry, England at the time of his death in 1860. He was a
Consul-General to the Empire of Brazil.

Blazoning the Arms:A silver shield
is charged with a black saltire (engrailed) on which are five golden
mullets. The crest features a griffin (sejant). Any motto
that might be associated with these arms is unknown. The specific colors of
the mantling are not known.

Interpreting the Arms: A saltire is an heraldic symbol
in the form of a diagonal cross, like the shape of the letter X in Roman type.
Saint
Andrew is said to have been martyred on such a cross. This type of heraldic charge
generally signifies “resolution”. The cross in these arms is engrailed.
The engrailed lines refer to the land or earth. The
griffin is a mythical creature, with the head, wings and talons of an
eagle and the body and hind legs of a lion. It is thus composed of the most
royal of the birds and the beasts. The griffin was thought to find and guard
mines of gold and hidden treasures.

Pinel
de Golleville

About the Proprietor:
The Pinel family of Golleville
in Normandy were among
the oldest in the province going back to the 13th century. The
Pinel nobility was obtained in 1666, and these arms were registered in 1696.
It is most probable that these arms belonged to Francois-Adrien
Pinel, Lord of Golleville.

Blazoning
the Arms:A gold shield with a red bend
surmounted by a black lion (rampant). Any crest or motto
that might be associated with these arms is unknown. The specific colors of
the mantling are not known.

Interpreting
the Arms: In heraldic terms the color gold
means generosity and elevation of the mind. The use of red
represents a warrior or martyr as well as military strength and
magnanimity. In ancient times when animals were
defined in by the position that they were in, the lion held the
position of rampant, as is seen in these arms. A walking cat was
originally called a leopard, so the lions of England can probably be more
accurately called leopards, but the popularity of thelionled
to its acquiring many more positions, and thus the development of a
terminology was necessary to describe them all.

Blazoning the Arms: The
shield is blue and portioned quarterly. In the 1st and 4th
quarters is a golden harp with white strings. The 2nd and 3rd
quarters contain a silver palm leaf each accompanied by three crosses
arranged two on the sides and one at the bottom. Surmounting all is a gold
shield inescutcheon with a blue chief. A green oak tree on a green terrace
is contained on the shield and three silver stars on the chief. The motto associated with these arms is MIHI FIDELITASDECUS. Any crest or the specific colors of the mantling
are not known.

Interpreting
the Arms: The harp represents a well-composed person of tempered
judgment who also values the time and efforts of contemplation. The harp
also symbolizes the mystical bridge between heaven and earth. The palm
signifies righteousness and resurrection.

Pinel
du Feucochart

About the Proprietor:
These arms were most likely granted during the 15 century to Jean Pinel
Lord of Feucochart. The Pinels of Feucochart were seated in Brittany, cultural region in the north-west of France.

Blazoning the Arms: A blue shield is charged
with three golden pine cones. Any crest or motto
that might be associated with these arms is unknown. The specific colors of
the mantling are not known.

Interpreting the Arms:
The pine cone is said to represent life. In this case it may have
been utilized to represent the Pinel surname. The color gold
symbolizes generosity and elevation of the mind, the color blue signifies
the qualities of truth and loyalty.

Blazoning the Arms: A silver or white shield
charged with a green pine tree. Any crest or motto that might
be associated with these arms is unknown. The specific colors of the mantling
are not known.

Interpreting
the Arms:Pine is said to
symbolize death
and eternal life thereafter. With regard to theses arms one might
surmise that it may have been utilized to represent the Pinel surname. In
heraldry the color silver or white is referred to as argent thus it is
not possible to determine which was used. Argent represents peace and
sincerity.

Blazoning the Arms:The shield
is partitioned per pale white and gold holding an eagle (displayed)
standing on a blue billet (raguly). Any crest or motto that might be
associated with these arms is unknown. The specific colors of the mantling
are not known.

Interpreting the Arms:The eaglewas a symbol born by men of
action, occupied with high and weighty affairs. It was given to those of
lofty spirit, ingenuity, speed in comprehension, and discrimination in
matters of ambiguity. The wings signify protection, and the gripping talons
symbolize ruin to evildoers. As a Christian symbol, the eaglerepresents
salvation, redemption and resurrection. The billet
represents one who obtained credence, knowledge, and faith in his words and
deeds; one who is secret in one's affairs. The raguly borders of the
billet speak of difficulties that have been encountered.

Heraldry as a Family History Research Tool

Wondering whether you are descended of the nobility*? Are
you aware of an ancestor who held a prominent political position or had a
title such as Sir, or Esquire? If so you just might be descended
from royalty. If you are of European descent, you
are probably a descendant of Charlemagne. Once you
are able to prove your line of descent from him, you will then find thousands
of links to other royalty in your list of relatives. It is rare
indeed that the genealogy of a person of European
descent, when traceable, doesn’t hit nobility somewhere. And
once it hits one European noble, whether you like it or not, hundreds of new
names will become a part of your family.

*The nobility is a class of people who had special
political and social status. Nobility is inherited or granted by the Crown as
a reward to people who perform a heroic deed, achieve greatness in some
endeavor, or hold a prominent government position.

If you
have an elementary knowledge of heraldry you may
wish to use this practice to trace your founding forefather. If you know the
geographical place (country, county, city) where the family coat-of-arms was
first identified, you may well search its history for the family name in
question in order to find your direct ancestor. Remember
that most noble European family pedigrees have been thoroughly researched and
published. By putting together the family surname with the known location
you may find a treasure trove of valuable information about your ancestors.
Upon pursing your research you should be aware of the possibility of
variant spellings of the surname. See Variations
of the Surname for more information about variant spellings of
the surname.

Many
family historians who have not connected with a noble ancestor may
just want to know what their family coat-of-arms looks like. If this is the
situation you must know that except for a few cases, there is
really no such thing as a standard "coat of arms" for a surname. A
coat of arms is a design usually granted only to a single person not to an
entire family or to a particular surname. Coats of arms are inheritable
property, and they generally descend to male lineal descendents of the
original arms grantee. As a result you are advised to seek out a
coat-of-arms for the locale where your ancestor resided.

For example: we have
an Arnold ancestor who is known to have emigrated to America from the town of
Erlangen,
in Bavaria,
Germany. Current research shows Erlangen is located in the area of Bavaria
known as Middle
Franconia. Upon review of the historic locations for Arnold as
noted in one source of armorial bearings we find places in Germany, Austria,
Switzerland, The Netherlands and others. One coat-of-arms is listed as
belonging to an Arnold of Franconia, Bavaria. As such we may conclude that
this is the coat-of-arms having some relevance to our ancestor. He may well
be a blood relative of the aforementioned noble Arnold. He or his ancestor
may have been employed by or a serf of the noble Arnold family of that
locale. In some cases the name of the noble family becomes the name of the
locale resulting in the ancestor appropriating it a as surname, see Sources and Meanings of the Surname
to ascertain whether the surname you are interested in is a locational name.

If you are interested in the
armorial bearings of a particular surname we strongly advise that you utilize
the resources provided within this area of our web page. If you have any
questions or need any assistance with regard to using heraldry as a means to
further or widen your family history research you are welcome to contact us,
see About This
Webpage.

Mottoes of this Surname

Mottoes
associated with this surname

British Isles

A motto is a word or sentence usually written upon a scroll and
generally placed below the shield, but sometimes, especially in Scotland,
above the crest. Many ancient mottoes were war-cries
such as the Douglas motto of “Forward.” Many mottoes refer to
the name of the bearer, for example “cole regem” for Coleridge. In general
most mottoes convey a sentiment, hope, or determination, such as the
Cotter motto “Dum spiro spero” where the meaning is “While I have breath I
hope“. Mottoes are often used by several successive
generations, but may be changed at any time by the grantee. The languages
most in use are Latin, French, and English. Exceptions are seen in Scotland
where they are often in the old Lowland dialect, and in Wales, often in the
language of the principality.

Germany

It
is unusual to find a motto associated with the coat-of-arms of a noble of the
European continent especially a German family. This does not necessarily
mean that the Germanic culture is devoid of mottos. For example, the
national motto of Germany is “Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit”, meaning Unity
and Justice and Freedom. The German word for motto is “Wahlspruch.”
Some of the more well known German mottoes are as follows: Alte Wunden bluten
leicht – Old wounds readily bleed anew; Blut und Eisen – Blood
and iron; Das beste is gut genug – The best is good enough; Ein’
feste Burg is unser Gott – Our God is a strong tower of defense; Ewigkeit
– Eternity; Für Gott und Iht – All for God and her; Gott is
überall – God is over all; Gott mit uns – God is with us; Ich
dien – I serve; Krieg – War; Mehr Licht! – More light!;
Nichts zoviel – Nothing in excess; Prosit! – Good luck!; Vaterland
– Fatherland; Vertrau’ auf Gott – Put your trust in God; Vorwärts!
– Forward!; Zu dienen – At your service.

France

French phrases adopted
as mottos, have a certain air of chivalry and perhaps a distinctly feudal
sense of duty and allegiance. French mottos are more indicative of the
warrior culture of the Middle Ages. Some of these phrases, however, are
translations of better known Latin mottos, such as Toujours fidèle for Semper
fidelis. Some of these phrases are often found in Old French spelling.
Examples of some well known French mottoes are as follows: Aimez loyaulté - Love loyalty; Boutez en avant - Push forward; C’est
la seule vertu qui donne la noblesse - Virtue alone confers nobility; Droit
à chacun - To each his right; En Dieu est ma foy - In God is my
faith; Foypour devoir - Faith for duty; Garde la foy - Keep the
faith; Inébranlable - Not to be shaken; J’ai bonne cause - I
have good reason; Loyauté sans tache - Loyalty without defect; Maintien
le droit - Support the right; Ni dessus, ni dessous - Neither above
nor below; Oublier ne puis - I cannot forget; Parle bien ou parle
rien - Speak well or say nothing; Rien sans Dieu - Nothing
without God; Suivez raison - Follow reason; Tachez surpasser en
vertue - Strive to surpass in virtue; Un Dieu, un roy, un foy
- One God, one king, one faith; Veilliez et ne craignez pas - Watch
and fear not.

Searching
for more information about heraldry?Click
on the button at the right to look at our webpage featuring links to websites
with

a wide variety of arms, crests, and
badges. They may also feature additional heraldry resources as noted in the
accompanying descriptions.

Web resources

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Our Ancestral Lineage

Family
History

We
have traced our Pinnell roots back to the State of South Carolina. It is
not known whom the first Pinnell was to come to America, although he could be
a Thomas Pannell who came to the Virginia colony sometime between 1643 and
1653.

We have a clear lineage back to our 4th
great-grandfather, Peter Pinnell. Peter was born in 1755 near that part of
South Carolina that would eventually become the Camden District in 1769 and
York County in 1785. He married Ann (aka Nancy) Yarborough in 1777 when he
was 22 years old. Peter and Ann lived in and around York, Greenville and
Spartanburg Counties, all located in northwest South Carolina.

Peter is recognized as a Patriot of the American
Revolution having served in the South Carolina State Militia from 1781 to the
end of the war in 1783.

Peter and his family left South Carolina
sometime between 1801 and 1804. They moved on to Livingston County, in
southwestern Kentucky, which is now part of Caldwell County. In 1804 Peter
purchased 400 acres of land in Livingston County south of the Green River on
Flynn Fork. He and his family lived in this location up until about 1830 when
he moved on to Crawford County in Missouri. Peter died in Crawford County in
1845 at the ripe old age of 90. He is buried in Pinnell Cemetery located in
Crawford County, Missouri.

Asa Pinnell, eldest son Peter Pinnell, was born
at Greenville County, South Carolina in 1792. At the age of about 20 years he
married Miss Elizabeth Clemens in Christian County, Kentucky. In 1813
the young couple struck out for Missouri, reaching it that same year.
Although Asa and Elizabeth eventually settled east of Lanes Prairie in what
is now Maries County the Pinnell family name is well represented in Crawford
County as well. The fact that he came to Maries County a short time after
coming to Missouri is definitely known. The date is most likely between 1815
and 1818. It is most probable that he pushed other early settlers such as
the Johnson and Snodgrass families hard for the honored place as the
"first settler", and if he did not win the race, he undoubtedly ran
a close second.

Asa was one of the first justices of the peace
of Crawford County. Asa also followed in the footsteps of his father Peter as
a minister in the Methodist Church. It was in this capacity that he
performed the first recorded wedding in the county, in 1824. He was also a
member of the first Crawford County Grand Jury in 1831, and Presiding Judge
of the County Court in 1835.

Asa was quite active in public affairs during his
long life right up until his death in 1871 when he was 78 years of age.

On January 27, 1824 William Lewis Pinnell,
the third and last son produced by Asa and Elizabeth Pinnell, was born in
that part of old Gasconade County that eventually became a part of present
day Maries County. William married Mary Johnson, the daughter of Disbury
Johnson, in what is now Maries County on August 13, 1844. On January 1, 1851
William was appointed the first Postmaster at Lanes Prairie in Maries
County. William was primarily a farmer but he did practice law in addition
to being a schoolteacher and a preacher. In fact his house known as
"Double Chimneys" was the home of Methodism in the east end of the
Maries County.

During his lifetime William fathered at least
five (5) children. He lived his entire life in what is now Maries county
Missouri, and died there as the age 63 on July 17, 1887. His tombstone
located at the Bowles Chapel cemetery in Jefferson Township, prominently
notes his association with the Masonic Order.

Our great-grandmother, Mary Etta Pinnell was
born in 1863. She was the daughter of William Lewis and Mary Johnson
Pinnell. Mary Etta married Jeremiah E. Moreland in 1883. Five children (four
sons and one daughter) were produced of this marriage. After marrying
Jeremiah, the couple moved from Missouri to Kansas where sons Guy and John
Earl were born. It is most probable that they lived in this location up to
1893 or 1894. Eventually Mary and her family moved on to Texas and then
Woodward county in the Oklahoma (Indian) Territory. In 1901 her husband
Jeremiah E. passed away leaving Mary alone with at least four children to
raise.

Mary married a second time in 1905 to her
neighbor Edwin T. Loyd. It doesn't appear that the marriage lasted long
perhaps a dozen years or so. Around 1915, Mary and her son Jeremiah Floyd
left Oklahoma, perhaps with the Loyd and Thomason families and moved on to
Denver, Colorado and eventually California. It is quite probable that Mary
separated from Edwin Loyd while in Colorado. By 1920 Etta and son Jeremiah
Floyd were living in California near her brother William B. Pinnell and his
family who were living in the Tule River Township area of Tulare County. Her
sons Guy and John Earl were also living in this area of California at this
time.

She passed away in California in 1929 at the age of 66. Mary
Etta was laid to rest at the Home of Peace Cemetery, in Porterville, on March
26, 1929.

Ancestral Lineage

Additional
information about the persons in our database as well as a complete
listing of

individuals
with this surname may be reviewed by clicking on this LINK.

PETER1 PINNELLwas born
on 20 May 1755 in Camden District, South Carolina (Catawba, York Co.). He
died on 03 Jun 1845 in Oak Hill, Crawford Co., Missouri. He married Ann
"Nancy" Yarborough, daughter of Ambrose Yarborough and Mary
Humphrey about 1787 in Union County?, South Carolina. She was born about 1770
in Virginia. She died on 20 Jan 1843 in Brush Creek Twp., Gasconade Co.,
Missouri.

Peter Pinnell and Ann "Nancy"
Yarborough had the following children:

i.CASSIE2
PINNELL was born on 16 Feb 1788 in Union County?, South Carolina. She married
WILLIAM HOLLOMAN.

ii.NANCY
MARGARET PINNELL was born on 08 Apr 1790 in Union County?, South Carolina.
She died on 28 Sep 1855 in Eldorado, Saline Co., Illinois. She married Samuel
Elder on 13 Jun 1808 in Christian County, Kentucky. He was born on 03 Nov
1790 in Spartanburg, Spartanburg Co., South Carolina. He died on 14 Jan 1878
in Eldorado, Saline Co., Illinois.

iii.ASA
PINNELL was born on 12 Dec 1792 in Union County?, South Carolina. He died on
27 Jul 1871 in Jefferson Twp., Maries Co., Missouri. He married Elizabeth
Clemmons, daughter of Joseph Clemmons and Nm. Unk. Clemmons (nee?) in 1812 in
Christian County, Kentucky. She was born about 1799 in Kentucky. She died
about 1896 in Maries County, Missouri.

iv.HIRAM
PINNELL was born on 25 Aug 1794 in Union County?, South Carolina. He died
about 1865 in Bosque County, Texas. He married Phoebe Bolin on 24 Sep 1816 in
Caldwell County, Kentucky.

v.DORCAS
PINNELL was born on 16 Apr 1796 in Union County?, South Carolina. She died in
Mar 1867 in Sullivan, Franklin Co., Missouri. She married Stephen Sullivan on
02 Oct 1816 in Caldwell County, Kentucky.

vi.WILLIAM
WILEY PINNELL was born on 30 Jul 1798 in Union County?, South Carolina. He
died on 16 Jan 1843 in Hermann, Gasconade Co., Missouri. He married MATILDA
HUFF.

vii.LEWIS
PINNELL was born on 20 Sep 1801 in Union County?, South Carolina. He died in
1864 in Crawford County, Missouri. He married (1) MARGARET SIGLER, daughter
of Jacob Siegler on 01 Nov 1825 in Caldwell County, Kentucky. She was born
about 1806 in Kentucky. She died about 1853 in Crawford County, Missouri. He
married (2) CELIA PARR on 01 Oct 1853 in Crawford, Missouri. He married (3)
SARAH GOODMAN on 14 Sep 1863 in Crawford Co., Missouri.

viii.MARY
M. PINNELL was born on 20 Sep 1803 in Union County, South Carolina. She died
after 18 Aug 1892 in Crawford County, Missouri ?. She married John Taylor
Hyde on 14 Aug 1823 in Missouri.

ix.JEREMIAH
PINNELL was born on 30 Sep 1805 in Union County?, South Carolina. He died
before 1870 in Illinois. He married Annie Crow on 26 Jul 1836 in Crawford
Co., Missouri.

x.JANE
PINNELL was born on 14 Jul 1807 in Union County?, South Carolina. She married
JOHN KIMBERLAIN.

xi.WESLEY PINNELL was born on 03 Feb 1810 in Christian Co.,
Kentucky. He died on 02 Jun 1892 in Crawford Co., Missouri. He married (1)
MARIA C . MARQUIS on 23 Jan 1831 in Washington County, Missouri. She was born
in 1813 in Missouri. She died in 1852 in Crawford County, Missouri ?. He
married (2) MARGARET HAMILTON on 28 Oct 1852 in Crawford Co., Missouri.

xii.RICHARD
PINNELL was born on 05 Mar 1812 in Christian County, Kentucky. He died in
1848 in Boone Twp., Crawford Co., Missouri. He married Artimisia M. Williams
on 27 Jun 1833 in Washington County, Missouri.

ASA2 PINNELL(Peter1)
was born on 12 Dec 1792 in Union County?, South Carolina. He died on 27 Jul
1871 in Jefferson Twp., Maries Co., Missouri. He married Elizabeth Clemmons,
daughter of Joseph Clemmons and Nm. Unk. Clemmons (nee?) in 1812 in Christian
County, Kentucky. She was born about 1799 in Kentucky. She died about 1896 in
Maries County, Missouri. .

Asa Pinnell and Elizabeth Clemmons had the
following children:

i.LUNSFORD LANE3 PINNELL was born on 23 Mar
1813 in Christian County, Kentucky. He died on 09 Aug 1865 in Jefferson Twp.,
Maries Co., Missouri.

ii.AUGUSTUS
PINNELL was born on 03 Jun 1818 in Missouri. He died on 21 Feb 1900 in Maries
County, Missouri. He married Emilia E. Sheperd on 15 Jan 1839 in Crawford
County, Missouri. She was born in 1817 in Maries County, Missouri. She died
on 12 Feb 1903 in Maries County, Missouri.

iii.WILLIAM
LEWIS PINNELL was born on 27 Jan 1824 in Missouri. He died on 17 Jul 1887 in
Maries County, Missouri. He married Mary Vinnell Johnson, daughter of Disbury
Johnson and Nancy Lucynthia Gardner on 22 Jan 1845 in Osage Co., Missouri.
She was born on 17 Nov 1827 in Tuscarawas County, Ohio. She died on Jul 1906
in Baucum, Jackson, Oklahoma, USA.

WILLIAM LEWIS3 PINNELL(Asa2,
Peter1) was born on 27 Jan 1824 in Missouri. He died on 17
Jul 1887 in Maries County, Missouri. He married Mary Vinnell Johnson,
daughter of Disbury Johnson and Nancy Lucynthia Gardner on 22 Jan 1845 in
Osage Co., Missouri. She was born on 17 Nov 1827 in Tuscarawas County, Ohio.
She died on 15 Jul 1906 in Baucum, Jackson, Oklahoma, USA.

William Lewis Pinnell and Mary Vinnell Johnson
had the following children:

I.ASA
DISBURY4 PINNELL was born on 20 Jul 1845 in Lanes Prairie,
Jefferson Twp., Osage Co., MO. He died on 30 Mar 1931 in Glenrio, Quay Co.,
New Mexico. He married Francis Permelia Hawkins, daughter of Thomas Hawkins
on 11 Nov 1867. She was born on 04 Aug 1852 in St. James, Phelps Co.,
Missouri. She died on 28 Aug 1896 in Altus, Jackson Co., Oklahoma.

II.LUNSFORD
LANE PINNELL was born on 03 Feb 1848 in Lanes Prairie, Jefferson Twp., Osage
Co., MO. He died on 29 Jan 1931 in Kansas City, Missouri. He married (1)
MARTHA ELLEN OLIVER on 01 Feb 1866. She was born about 1852 in Kentucky. She
died in Feb 1883 in Missouri. He married (2) VIENNA SKAGGS, daughter of
George Skaggs on 01 Mar 1885 in Maries County, Missouri. She was born on 14
Jul 1859 in Missouri. She died on 27 Feb 1923 in Joplin, Jasper Co.,
Missouri.

III.IDA LEORA MAY
PINNELL was born on 19 May 1861 in Jefferson Twp., Maries Co., Missouri. She
married James Adolphus Lovelace, son of Thomas Jones Lovelace and Mary
Susannah Holeman on 03 Jun 1888 in Lanes Prairie, Maries Co., Missouri. He
was born on 14 Jan 1856 in North Carolina, USA. He died in Oakland, Arkansas.

IV.MARY ETTA PINNELL
was born on 26 Apr 1863 in Jefferson Twp., Maries Co., Missouri. She died on
16 Mar 1929 in Tulare County, California. She married (1) JEREMIAH E.
MORELAND, son of John P. Moreland and Lydia Ann Brown on 31 Jan 1883 in Lanes
Prairie, Maries Co., Missouri. He was born on 30 Aug 1858 in Lanes Prairie,
Jefferson Twp., Maries Co., Missouri. He died on 20 Nov 1901 in Woodward
County, Oklahoma. She married (2) EDWIN TEETER LOYD, son of William Clayton
Loyd and Nancy Angeline Ogden on 29 Nov 1905 in Tangier, Woodward Co.,
Oklahoma. He was born on 01 Jun 1862 in Charleston, Coles County, Illinois.
He died on 20 Apr 1950 in Denver, Colorado.

V.WILLIAM BOWLES
MCCLELLAN PINNELL was born on 29 Jan 1866 in Jefferson Twp., Maries Co.,
Missouri. He died on 30 Apr 1941 in Porterville, Tulare Co., California. He
married Sarah Ann Schockley, daughter of Vincent Schockley and Louvica Arnett
on 24 Dec 1887 in Vichy Springs, Maries Co., Missouri. She was born on 05 Nov
1868 in Ozark, Christian Co., Missouri. She died on 15 Feb 1947 in
Porterville, Tulare Co., California.

MARY
ETTA4 PINNELL(William
Lewis3, Asa2, Peter1)
was born on 26 Apr 1863 in Jefferson Twp., Maries Co., Missouri. She died on
16 Mar 1929 in Tulare County, California. She married (1) JEREMIAH E.
MORELAND, son of John P. Moreland and Lydia Ann Brown on 31 Jan 1883 in Lanes
Prairie, Maries Co., Missouri. He was born on 30 Aug 1858 in Lanes Prairie,
Jefferson Twp., Maries Co., Missouri. He died on 20 Nov 1901 in Woodward
County, Oklahoma. She married (2) EDWIN TEETER LOYD, son of William Clayton
Loyd and Nancy Angeline Ogden on 29 Nov 1905 in Tangier, Woodward Co.,
Oklahoma. He was born on 01 Jun 1862 in Charleston, Coles County, Illinois.
He died on 20 Apr 1950 in Denver, Colorado.

Jeremiah E. Moreland and Mary Etta Pinnell had
the following children:

i.PEARL5 MORELAND was born on 07 Dec 1879 in
Jefferson Twp., Maries Co., Missouri. She died on 07 Oct 1909 in Woodward
County, Oklahoma. She married Wesley A. Thomason on 09 Jan 1898 in Muskogee
County, Oklahoma, USA. He was born in Mar 1870 in Arkansas. He died in
Denver, Colorado.

iii.GUY
HURST MORELAND was born on 16 Aug 1886 in Kansas, USA. He died on 14 Nov 1935
in California, USA. He married Mabelle W. Moreland (nee?) about 1918 in
California ?. She was born on 29 Sep 1886 in California, USA. She died on 03
Oct 1974 in Stanislaus County, California.

iv.JOHN EARL MORELAND was born on 15 Nov 1890 in Galena,
Cherokee, Kansas, USA. He died on 12 Jun 1968 in Kern County, California. He
married Mattie Martha

James on 28 Aug 1912 in Los Angeles, Los
Angeles Co., California. She was born on 01 Jan 1895 in California, USA. She
died on 29 May 1971 in Kern County, California.

v.LUCY
MAY MORELAND was born on 24 May 1896 in Woodward County, Oklahoma. She died
on 04 Apr 1900 in Woodward County, Oklahoma.

vi.JERRE'
FLOYD MORELAND was born on 25 Jun 1899 in Woodward County, Oklahoma. He died
on 30 May 1971 in Hightstown, Mercer Co., New Jersey. He married (1) ELLA
PEARL SCRUGGS, daughter of John Eldridge Scruggs and Minnie V. McVicker on 17
Feb 1923 in Los Angeles County, California. She was born on 12 Dec 1901 in
Poplar, Tulare Co., California. She died on 24 Oct 1957 in Burlington County,
New Jersey. He married (2) LILLIAN CAINE, daughter of Edward W. Caine and
Belle E. Caine (nee?) about 1960. She was born on 28 Oct 1898. She died in
Nov 1976 in Mercer Co., New Jersey.

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Source
documents

The documents contained within this
“Source Documents Archives” have been located during our research of this
family, and used as evidence to prove many of the facts contained
within the database of this family’s record. We have source documents
related to the following persons within our database with this surname.

·Andrew B. Pinnell - Hist. of Crawford Co., MO, p.1054-55

·Asa D. Pinnell - 1870 U.S. Census

·Asa D. Pinnell - 1880 U.S. Census

·Asa D. Pinnell - 1910 U.S. Census

·Asa D. Pinnell - 1920 U.S. Census

·Asa D. Pinnell - 1930 U.S. Census

·Asa Pinnell - 1850 U.S. Census

·Asa Pinnell - 1860 U.S. Census

·Asa Pinnell - 1870 U.S. Census

·Asa Pinnell – headstone

·Augustus & Milly Pinnell – headstone

·Augustus Pinnell - 1850 U.S. Census

·Cyrena PINNELL Taylor - Biographical Sketch

·Elizabeth CLEMENS Pinnell - 1880 Census

·Elizabeth PINNELL Fritts - 1917 death cert.

·Ethan Allen Pinnell – Biography

·Ethan Allen Pinnell - Hist. of Crawford Co., MO, p.1054

·Hiram Pinnell - 1830 U.S. Census

·Hiram Pinnell - 1840 U.S. Census

·Lester E. Pinnell – gravestone

·Lester E. Pinnell - Veterans grave plaque

·Lunsford L. Pinnell - 1870 U.S. Census

·Lunsford L. Pinnell - 1880 U.S. Census

·Lunsford L. Pinnell - 1920 U.C. Census

·Lunsford L. Pinnell - 1931 Death Certificate

·Lunsford Pinnell - 1880 Census

·Lunsford S. Pinnell – headstones

·Mary Etta Pinnell - J.E. Moreland Marriage App. 1883

·Mary Etta PINNELL Moreland - 1920 U.S. Census

·Mary Etta PINNELL Moreland - 1929 Obituary Info.

·Mary Etta PINNELL Moreland- Edwin Lloyd Marriage 1905

·Mary Etta PINNELL Moreland Loyd - 1910 U.S. Census

·Mary V. JOHNSON Pinnell - Headstone

·Nancy M. PINNELL Elder – gravestone

·Nancy M. PINNELL Elder gravestone 2009

·Peter Pinnell - Biography, 1892

·Peter Pinnell - DAR and SAR plaques

·Peter Pinnell - History of Crawford Co., MO

·Peter Pinnell - military headstone

·Peter Pinnell - Revolutionary War Pension App.

·Peter Pinnell – tombstone

·Peter Pinnell (1831-78) – headstone

·Peter Pinnell Family - Ancestors of Ronald Murray

·Peter Pinnell Monument and Dedication

·Pinnell - Burial Sites, Tulare Co. CA

·Pinnell - Census Info., Tulare Co., CA

·Pinnell - History of Maries Co., MO (pp.650-656)

·PINNELL - Land Records

·Pinnell - Missouri Cemetery Burials

·Pinnell - Obituaries, Tulare Co., CA

·Pinnell Family 1910 - by Lunsford L. Pinnell

·Ralph E. Pinnell – gravestone

·William B.M. Pinnell - 1900 U.S. Census

·William B.M. Pinnell – gravestone

·William L. Pinnell - 1850 U.S. Census

·William L. Pinnell - 1860 U.S. Census

·William L. Pinnell - 1870 U.S. Census

·William L. Pinnell - 1880 U.S. Census

·William L. Pinnell - headstone

This Link will take you to our

archive of source documents.

Most
of these documents can be considered as primary or secondary evidence. Primary
evidenceis usually defined as the best available to prove
the fact in question, usually in an original document or record. Secondary
evidence is in essence all that evidence which is inferior in its
origin to primary evidence. That does not mean secondary evidence is always
in error, but there is a greater chance of error. Examples of this type of
evidence would be a copy of an original record, or oral testimony of a
record’s contents. Published genealogies and family histories are also
secondary evidence.

Classifying
evidence as either primary or secondary does not tell anything
about its accuracy or ultimate value. This is especially true of secondary
evidence. Thus it is always a good idea to ask the following questions: (1)
How far removed from the original is it, (when it is a copy)?; (2) What was
the reason for the creation of the source which contains this evidence?; and
(3) Who was responsible for creating this secondary evidence and what
interest did they have in its accuracy?

You
are welcome to download any of the documents contained within this archive
that does not cite a copyright. Should you encounter a problem obtaining a
copy you may get in touch with us via the contact information found at the
end of this web-page.

Migration
routes

Tracing our own family’s paths of migration can prove crucial in identifying
previous generations and eventually, figuring out where and how they arrived
in the “New World” as well as where they eventually settled. Knowing the
network of trails American pioneers traveled can help you guess where to
start looking. The trail map(s) provided below may assist you in
understanding the routes that our direct ancestors of this family may have
taken to find new homes and opportunities in the vast area now encompassed by
the United States.

During the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries
hundreds of thousands of Europeans made the
perilous ocean voyage to America. For many
it was an escape from economic hardship and religious persecution. For most
it was an opportunity to start over, own their own land, and make a better
future for their descendents.

Immigration records show a number of
people bearing the name of PINNELL, or
one of its variants, as arriving in North America between the 17th
and 20th centuries. Some of these immigrants were: George Pennell settled in Virginia 1655; Abell Pinnell
came to South Carolina in 1738; Thomas Pennell settled in New England in
1740.

South Carolina to Kentucky c.1808

In 1803-04 Peter Pinnell traveled
to Livingston
County, Kentucky
to search for a new home for his family on the western frontier. He may have
made the journey on the advice of either a possible kinsman Edward Pannell
who had purchased land in this area in April 1803, or Stephan Sullivan friend
and neighbor from South Carolina who, in 1799, had first purchased land in Christian
County, Kentucky.
Around this time the lands in western Kentucky were being taken from the
Native-American Chickasaw
tribe and opened for settlement by European settlers. The attraction of
cheap land and new economic prospects were probably the reason why he decided
embark on a 500 mile journey west to Kentucky. On April 17, 1804 Peter purchased 400 acres of land
in Livingston County south of the Tradewater River
on Flynn Fork.
This location which became a part of Caldwell County
in 1809 is located approximately 9 miles northeast of Princeton,
Kentucky.

click on this thumbnail for larger image

Peter Pinnell and his wife Ann
“Nancy” Yarborough lived in the area of Union County, South Carolina until
about 1808. It was most likely during the spring or early summer of 1808
when Peter and Ann along with 10 of their children their left friends and
family in South Carolina. The probably traveled along the “Saluda Road”,
which follows closely to the path of present day U.S. Route 25 through the Saluda Gap into North Carolina. Early pioneers who sought to use this
route in 1793 "had carried
up their four-wheel wagon across the Saluda Gap, … and is probably the old
road from Columbia, South
Carolina, which passed through Newberry and Greenvilledistricts," and yet known in
upper South Carolina as the old State or Buncombe road. This route would later be known as the “South Carolina
State Road” and in North Carolina Buncombe
Turnpike as many families from the
coastal area of South Carolina would through the Saluda Gap to reach their summer
vacation destinations in the mountains of North Carolina. After traveling
about 75 miles they would arrive in Asheville, North Carolina. The town was formed only fifteen years
earlier at the junction of two Native-American trails and islocated in the Blue Ridge Mountains at the confluence of the Swannanoa
River and the French Broad River. In 1795 a plans were
created to survey and build a road from Asheville (aka. Buncombe court house) into Tennessee. By 1800
a crude road was opened from North
Carolina to Tennessee, via Warm Springs, following the right bank of the French Broad River
to Hot Springs. There is little doubt that Pinnell family
followed this route to cross the Blue Ridge Mountains and enter Tennessee.

From Asheville they traveled 120 miles west over many tall mountains
and deep rivers, and reached
Knoxville, Tennesseewhich at that time was a
thriving a way station for travelers and migrants heading west because of its
situation at the confluence of three major rivers in the Tennessee
Valley. In 1808 Knoxville served as capital of the territory
south of the Ohio River and as
capital of Tennessee (admitted as a state in 1796). Early Knoxville has been
described as an "alternately quiet and rowdy river town.” Early issues
of the Knoxville Gazette are filled with accounts of
murder, theft, and hostile Cherokee attacks.

From Knoxville the Pinnell family
joined the throngs of pioneers heading west along the Nashville
Road. This wagon road,
built in 1788, started in Knoxville, Tennessee and traveled across the Cumberland Plateau
west some 180 miles to Nashville.
Old U.S. Route
70 follows much of this passageway. Upon reaching Nashville they found only a tiny settlement in a vast wilderness was.
It would be almost 30 years more years before Nashville would be selected as
the permanent capital of Tennessee.

The final part of their migratory
journey from South Carolina to Western Kentucky would begin at Nashville and
end in the newly created Livingston County,
Kentucky a distance of about 100 miles. It is probable that the
family initially settled on the aforementioned property purchased in 1804.
It is believed that they lived here between 1808 and 1810*. On 12 May 1810, Peter purchased 275 acres of
land** in Christian County on the waters of
the Muddy Fork
of Little River and the waters of Montgomery’s Fork
of the Tradewater
River.

* The
1810 census for Livingston County shows only one Pinnell that being a
“Pennell family living at Smithland, the county seat.

* * this may be two separate pieces of
property

Kentucky to Missouri c. 1818

In 1812, Asa Pinnell, (our 3rd
great-grandfather), the eldest son of Peter Pinnell and Ann Yarbrough married
Elizabeth Clemens in Christian County. The next year, 1813, the young couple
struck out for Missouri, reaching it that same year. Peter Pinnell may have
been contemplating following Asa to Missouri as he sold his land in Christian
County in October 1813. Land Records show that Peter and Ann were still
living in Christian county through 1816 when they began to sell parts of the
aforementioned Caldwell County property on Flynn Fork of
the Tradewater
River.

Peter and Ann migrated to Missouri in 1817-18
along with several of their children as well as their daughter Dorcas and
son-in-law Stephan Sullivan who had recently married in 1816. It is most
probable that the Pinnell/Sullivan group traveled mostly on a water route

click on this thumbnail for larger image

from Christian County to Missouri. If this is true
they likely floated down the Muddy Fork Little River to the Cumberland River at Smithland, Kentucky
a distance of about 75 miles. Here they would enter the Ohio Riverand
travel another 60 miles down river to the southernmost tip of Illinois near
the present day city of Cairo.
From here the trip would continue up the Mississippi River. It is probable that theparty left the great river
at Ste.
Genevieve located 120 miles up river from Cairo. Ste. Genevieve, founded
in 1750, was the first
European settlement west of the Mississippi River in present-day Missouri. By 1818 a new wagon road was opened between Ste.
Genevieve to Potosi
and then on to Boonslick(Boone’s Lick) on the Missouri River. Most
of this route has become obscured over time but part of the old road still
follows State Route
185. As such it is most probable that if they departed the river at Ste.
Genevieve they then traveled along the wagon road to Potosi then towards the
aforementioned Boonslick. It appears that their purpose was not to travel
any further than 30 miles northwest of Potosi to the wild and unbroken
territory around the Meramec River
then located in St. Louis County,
68 miles southwest of the city of St. Louis.
Apparently they were the first settlers in this part of Missouri. According
to the history of Sullivan, Missouri, the area was founded in the early
1800's, by Stephen Sullivan who with his wife Dorcas had accompanied Daniel
Boone on his return trip from Kentucky to secure settlers to populate lands
around the Meramec River. Upon entering the area now known as the Meramec State Park, Boone
remarked, "Sullivan, this is the region that I was telling you about.
In these hills you will find copper, lead and game in abundance." It is
doubtful that Stephen and Dorcas Pinnell Sullivan came with Daniel Boone to this
area. It is more probable that it was Stephan’s uncle also named Stephan
Sullivan (1768-1857), who actually accompanied Boone from Kentucky in 1799.
From historical records we see that this Stephan Sullivan was more of a
contemporary to Daniel Boone and was in western Kentucky as early as 1799.
Therefore it is most probable that the Pinnell/Sullivan family eventually
settled on the Meramec River because of Daniel Boone’s recommendation via
Stephen Sullivan to his nephew Stephan, the son-in-law of our Peter Pinnell.

In 1819 the property along the Meramec became
a part of the newly formed Franklin County.
In 1825 it then became a part of Washington
County. In 1826 The Peter Pinnell sold the remainder of his
Caldwell County, Kentucky property. These documents show him as a resident
of Washington County, Missouri. In 1830
Peter and Ann Pinnell were living in Meramec
Township, then in Franklin County along with their son Lewis,
daughter Mary “Polly” and her husband John Hyde, as well as Stephan and
Dorcas Sullivan. It wasn’t until 1845 that Peter Pinnell’s original
Missouri homestead along the Meramec became a part of Crawford
County. When the railroad finally reached the homestead, now a
tiny settlement, in 1858 Stephan and Dorcas donated their land for the depot
grounds and Stephan built the depot himself. Soon a town was laid out that
the railroad company appropriately named "Sullivan."

In the spring of 1838, Peter and Ann moved to
a farm on Brush Creek.
It was here that Ann passed away in 1843 at the age of about 75 years. An elderly
Peter now in his late 80’s then moved to the nearby farm of his son Hiram
Pinnell located near Oak
Hill in Crawford County. He lived here for the remainder of his life
passing away in 1845.

Missouri to Oklahoma: 1885 - 1899

Sometime around 1885,
Peter Pinnell’s great-granddaughter Mary Etta Pinnell and her husband
Jeremiah E. Moreland, moved a distance of 200 miles from Maries County, to
Kansas. It is believed that they lived at Galena located in Cherokee County,
Kansas. They probably followed a wagon trail that would become the
famous U.S. Route 66
some forty years later. Galena began as a boomtown for miners because of
lead deposits discovered there in 1877. By the time the Jeremiah Moreland
had arrived the town probably has 15 to 20 thousand inhabitants.

It is most likely that they
lived in Galena, Kansas up to 1893 or 1894. It is possible that Mary Etta
and Jeremiah moved their family to the area around Muskogee eastern
Oklahoma and resided there for a few years before moving into the western
panhandle of Oklahoma. Although there is no information that Jeremiah and
Mary Etta Moreland actually participated in the famous Oklahoma Land Rush
of September 16, 1893 it is most probable that he was greatly influenced by
this event. We know that by 1899 they were living in a part of the 226-mile
tract known as the Cherokee
Strip near the town of Woodward, Oklahoma.
As such there is no disputing the fact that the appearance of the Moreland
family in this part of Oklahoma followed very closely upon the heels of the
settlers who participated in the Land Rush. If the Moreland Family had
moved directly from Galena to Woodward County they may have taken the
railroad as it had reached the county by the 1890s. If Mary Etta and
Jeremiah had travelled west from Muskogee he would have probably taken a road
that travelled along the North Canadian River
to Woodward a distance of about 300 miles.

Oklahoma to California: 1915-1920

Mary Pinnell Moreland, widow of Jeremiah E. Moreland
married a second time in 1905 to her neighbor Edwin T. Loyd. By 1909 all
of her children had either died or left for California leaving only Mary and
her youngest son Jerre’ F. Moreland. Her only means of support at this time
were her son-in-law Wesley Thomason and husband Edwin Loyd. Around 1915, Mary
and her son, and most likely the left Woodward County
moved on to Denver,
Colorado. They surely made this trip on the railroad. It appears that
Mary divorced Edwin Loyd. Where upon she and son Jerre’ moved on west to
California to be near her brother William B. Pinnell and his family who were
living in the Tule River Township area of Tulare County.
Her sons Guy and John Earl were

click on this thumbnail
for larger image

also
living in this area of California at this time. By 1920 Mary Etta Pinnell
and her son Jeremiah “Jerre” Floyd Moreland were settled in the Tulare County
community of Porterville.
With this move the Pinnell family’s 112 year odyssey from the eastern coast
of the United States to the western coast was finished.

Use
the following links to find more early
immigrants with this surname:

It is understood
that in many if not all cases we do not know exactly what routes our
ancestors took as they migrated throughout the United States. As such
certain assumptions have been utilized to re-create the migration path
presented above. With regard to 18th and 19th century
land routes we assume that they travelled along few trails and roads that
were in existence at the time. Research shows that a great many of these old
paths and trails are today designated as U.S. Highway
Routes. For example, a major east-west
route of migration known as the National Road
is now U.S. Route 40,
and a primary north-south migration route of the 18th century
followed the Great Indian
War and Trading Path is now U.S. Route 11.
In some situations the re-created migration route may travel along state
routes that connect or run through the seat of a county as that populated
place is probably the oldest settlement in the area. The use of water as a
migration route is also likely. For example, during the late 18th
and early 19th centuries many families travelled west on the Ohio Riveras
they moved on the new lands in Missouri
or the Old Northwest
Territory. As such when applicable water
routes have been included as the possible migration route.

Ancestral
locations

Researching the locations where our ancestors
lived has provided us with valuable evidence needed to fill in the gaps in
our family trees. It has also led us to many interesting facts that enhance
the overall picture of each family group.

The
names of states and counties on the following list were derived from the
known places where the Direct Ancestors in the “Ancestral
Lineage”
(see above) were born, married, and / or died.

UNITED STATES

CALIFORNIA

Tulare Co.

MISSOURI

Crawford
Co., Maries Co., Osage Co.

KENTUCKY

Christian
Co.

SOUTH CAROLINA

Greenville
co., York Co.

Use this LINK to find out more about this

ancestral family and the
locations listed above.

Where are my

Resources which enhance our knowledge
of the places inhabited by our ancestors are almost as important as their
names. The LINK to the right will take you to Maps, Gazetteers, and other helpful resources

that will
assist in discovering Ancestral Locations. These web sites comprise only a
small portion of what is available for researchers
interested in learning more about where their ancestors lived.

Images gallery

During our research we have
collected images and photographs that are of general interest to a particular
family. Some of them are presented on this website because we believe they
tend to provide the reader with additional information which may aid in the
understanding of our ancestors past lives. We have images related to the
following persons within our database with this surname.

·Mary E. PINNELL Moreland - unmarked grave plot

·Mary Etta Pinnell

·Peter Pinnell – Cemetery

·Peter Pinnell Cemetery - Crawford Co., MO

·Peter Pinnell Cemetery - Entrance

This Link will take you to our

collection of family images.

Use
the power of Google™ to find more interesting images about this topic. This
button will link you to the Google Images Search page. Enter
the topic you are

searching
in the box and click “Search Images”. At the “Images” display page you
will see the image, as well as the website of which it is associated.