Leaders of the Senate Renan Calheiros and Lower House Eduardo Cunha are in the 54-name list. So is former president Collor and currently a Senator (photo)

Rousseff's former chief of staff Gleisi Hoffman; former Energy Minister Edison Lobao; and Antonio Palocci, a former finance and first chief of staff.

Brazil's Supreme Court late Friday approved an investigation of dozens of top politicians, including a former president and leaders of congress, for alleged connections to what they call the biggest graft scheme ever uncovered in the country which has the largest economy in Latin America.

In total, 54 people are to be investigated by the attorney general, including 21 federal deputies and 12 senators, though that figure is expected to grow as evidence is gathered on corruption involving the state energy company Petrobras.

The investigations and any possible trials will take years to play out, but the action throws the young second term of President Dilma Rousseff into further disarray as she faces dueling political and economic crises. She is not being investigated despite serving as chairwoman of the Petrobras board for several years as the kickback scheme played out.

Experts say the investigations could create further gridlock in congress just as Brazil and its sputtering economy desperately need fiscal and political reform measures passed. But the investigation is widely viewed as a necessary evil for the nation's democracy to advance and shake off deep-rooted impunity for the rich and powerful.

Before this week, federal investigators focused efforts on big construction and engineering firms that allegedly paid over 800 million dollars in bribes and other funds during the decade-long scheme. The money purportedly won them inflated contracts with Petrobras, and prosecutors say some of that cash flowed into the campaign coffers of the president's Workers' Party and its allies.

Among those the high court said would be investigated are former president and current senator Fernando Collor, who was forced from the presidency by a corruption scandal in 1992 before making a political comeback in recent years.

Also to be investigated are Senate leader Renan Calheiros and Eduardo Cunha, who is the leader of the lower house. Both are members of the powerful Brazilian Democratic Movement Party, part of the governing coalition led by the Workers' Party. Both have already shown they are ready to create serious gridlock in congress because of the investigation.

Also on the investigation list are Rousseff's former chief of staff and current senator, Gleisi Hoffman; Rousseff's former Energy Minister Edison Lobao; and Antonio Palocci, a former finance minister under the previous president, Lula da Silva, and who was Rousseff's first chief of staff.

Under Brazilian law, the Supreme Court must approve any investigation of legislators or top officials in the executive branch. Any criminal charges or trials of such figures must also must be approved and judged by the top court.

The investigation, bringing of any charges and eventual trials are expected to take several years.

The scandal has seriously damaged the reputation of Petrobras, Brazil's largest company. It is responsible for tapping upward of 100 billion barrels of offshore oil found in recent years, wealth that leaders have repeatedly said they view as the nation's passport to achieving developed-world status.

But the debt-plagued company is struggling, recently downgraded to junk status by Moody's Investors Service, said this week it would sharply cut back investment and sell off assets.

Top Comments

One of the first whistleblowers categorically stated that Dilma AND Lula were aware of the corruption scheme in Petrobrás... the notorious fact that Dilma is controlled by Lula, may end up being a plausible defense against criminal charges, but not eventual impeachment ; but Lula no doubt, was who gave the go ahead to all politicians now accused, as well as to the PB directors appointed by the PT and the PMDB... the fun is just beginning.