After escort and screening duty along the east coast and to the Caribbean, Dyson sailed from New York 14 May 1943 for the Pacific. She joined TF 36 at Noumea, and served from this base and Espiritu Santo in support of the consolidation of the Solomons, patrolling, and escorting convoys. In August she began operating in the Solomons themselves. On the night of 3-4 September in company with Pringle (DD-477) she intercepted and sank two barges and damaged another between Choiseul and Kolombangara while patrolling to block Japanese movements by water. Later that month on a similar sweep, she fired on an unidentified ship which burned and disappeared from sight.

Returning to Espiritu Santo in October 1943, Dyson with the other ships of famed Destroyer Squadron 23; sailed to cover the landings at Cape Torokina, Bougainville, and on 1 November made an attack on airfields in the Buka-Monis area and the Shortland Islands to deny their use by the Japanese to attack the Allied landings. That night in the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, TF 39 intercepted and turned back a Japanese force sailing to attack the transports in the bay. The torpedo attacks and gunfire of Dyson and the other destroyers were a significant factor in sinking a Japanese cruiser and destroyer, and damaging four other enemy ships.

Dyson saw action in the bombardment of Buka Airdrome 17 November, and on the night of 24-26 November, took part in the classic destroyer action, the Battle off Cape St. George in which Captain A. A. Burke's destroyers sank three Japanese destroyers and severely damaged two more which were attempting to evacuate aviation personnel from the doomed Buka area to New Britain. The "Little Beavers" of Destroyer Squadron 23 won this striking victory without a casualty.

Dyson remained in the Solomons until March 1944. She continued to harass the coast of Bougainville and patrol the shipping lanes to Rabaul to prevent Japanese reinforcements from reaching the northern Solomons. In February she joined the support force for the invasion of Green Island, then made two sweeps off New Ireland hunting Japanese shipping and bombarding Kavieng. On the second of these, on 22 February the destroyers sank two cargo vessels, a destroyer minelayer, a patrol craft and two barges, and Dyson captured 31 of the 73 prisoners of war taken from Claudia Maru. On the 23d of February she pounded shore targets on Duke of York Island, and in March joined TF 31 to cover the invasion of Emirau.

Dyson joined TF 58, 26 March 1944 and screened the fast carriers during the raids on Palau, Yap, Ulithi and Woleai of 30 March to 1 April, the Hollandia operations from 21 to 23 April; and the strikes on Truk, Satawan and Ponape from 29 April to 1 May. After replenishing at Majuro, she sortied with TF 58 again in June for preinvasion strikes on Saipan and Pagan and diversionary raids on the Bonins, screened the carriers during the Battle of the Philippine Sea, then began direct participation in the capture of the Marianas. She hunted Japanese shipping off Guam and Rota, bombarded gun emplacements and fired on barges.

After a west coast overhaul, Dyson joined TF 38 at Ulithi in November and took part in the strikes on Luzon, Formosa, the China coast, and the Nansei Shoto coordinated with the battle for Leyte and the invasion of Luzon. Reporting to TF 78 for duty in February 1945, she escorted convoys from San Pedro Bay to Subic Bay and patrolled and bombarded troop concentrations in the capture of Corregidor. When Saunter (AM-295) was damaged by a mine 26 February, Dyson took off her wounded and aided in the salvage operations. The destroyer continued to serve in the Philippines, taking part in the landings on Panay, Los Negros, and Mindanao Islands.

On 16 May 1945 Dyson arrived at Okinawa for patrol, radar picket, local escort, and air-sea rescue duty until the end of the war. She sailed for the States 10 September, arriving at Washington, D.C., 17 October. Two days later Secretary of the Navy, J. V. Forrestal presented Destroyer Squadron 23 with the Presidential Unit Citation for their outstanding performance in action in the Solomons in 1943-44.

Reporting to the Naval Base at Charleston, S.C., Dyson furnished electrical power for a group of decommissioned destroyers until placed out of commission in reserve 31 March 1947. On 17 February 1960, Dyson was lent to the Federal Republic of Germany, with whose navy she serves as Z-5.

In addition to her Presidential Unit Citation, Dyson received 11 battle stars for World War II service.