Researchers use math to whittle away at jet lag

WASHINGTON – Lots of apps claim they can help you fight jet lag. Now researchers say that mathematical formulas suggest it is possible to adjust to new time zones a bit faster than previously thought, and they created their own free app to help.

Doctors have long said that exposure to light is key. But how much, and when?

“If you get light in the wrong time or wrong way, it’ll send you the wrong direction,” said University of Michigan math professor Daniel Forger, who led the research.

A master biological clock, called the circadian rhythm, regulates when we become sleepy and when we are more alert. Travel across time zones and the body clock has to reset itself.

Light is that clock’s strongest regulator. In a study partly funded by the air force, the Michigan team used two equations that can predict someone’s circadian rhythm, and with computer modeling calculated different schedules of light exposure for more than 1,000 possible trips.

It is possible to customize a block of time each day when you should be in light — the brighter the better — and another when you should avoid it, Forger’s team reported in the journal PLOS Computational Biology.

Generally, it is thought to take a day per time zone to fully adjust. But if you, say, cross five zones from Detroit to London, arriving at 11 a.m. London time, the study suggests only a three-day adjustment schedule: On the day after arrival, get light from 7:40 a.m. to 9 p.m.; on the second day, get light from 6:20 a.m. to 7:40 p.m.; and on the third day get it from 5 a.m. until 7:20 p.m.

A free iPhone app named Entrain does the calculations. Stay indoors or stay up later, and it adjusts the advice.

The app hasn’t been tested with travelers to see whether it really helps more than general advice, such as to seek morning light when traveling eastward. But those who do use it will be given the option of submitting their data to a University of Michigan study.

“Before we really believe it, it has to go through testing,” cautioned sleep-medicine specialist Dr. Steven Altchuler, an assistant professor of psychiatry at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, who wasn’t involved in the project. But “there’s very little risk of harm if someone wants to try these things.”

Most people adjust fine with general advice, but adjusting faster may be more important if travelers need to be at their best for, say, sports competitions or a business negotiation, Altchuler added.

“I think it makes sense,” said Dr. Charles Bae of the Cleveland Clinic’s sleep disorder center. “Anything you could do to optimize your adjustment is welcome, without medications.”