MOVEMENT

, a term often used in the same sense
with Automaton. The most usual Movements for
keeping time, are Clocks and Watches: the latter are
such as shew the parts of time by inspection, and are
portable in the pocket; the former such as publish it
by sounds, and are fixed as furniture.|

Movement

, in its popular use, signifies all the inner
works-of a clock, watch, or other machine, that move,
and by that motion carry on the design of the instrument.
The Movement of a clock, or watch, is the
inside; or that part which measures the time, and
strikes, &c; exclusive of the frame, case, dial-plate, &c.

The parts common to both of these Movements are,
the Main-spring with its appurtenances, lying in the
spring box, and in the middle of it lapping about the
spring-arbor, to which one end of it is fastened. A-top
of the spring-arbor is the Endless screw, and its wheel;
but in spring clocks this is a ratchet-wheel with its
click, that stops it. That which the main-spring
draws, and round which the chain or string is wrapped,
is called the fusee: this is mostly taper; in large
works, going with weights, it is cylindrical, and is called
the barrel. The small teeth at the bottom of the fusee
or barrel, which stop it in winding up, is called the
Ratchet; and that which stops it when wound up,
and is for that end driven up by the spring, the Gardegut.
The Wheels are various: the parts of a wheel
are, the Hoop or Rim; the Teeth, the Cross, and the
Collet, or piece of brass soldered on the arbor or spindle
on which the wheel is riveted. The little wheels,
playing in the teeth of the larger, are called Pinions;
and their teeth, which are 4, 5, 6, 8, &c, are called
Leves; the ends of the spindle are called Pivots;
and the guttured wheel, with iron spikes at bottom, in
which the line of common clocks runs, the Pulley.

Theory of Calculating the Numbers forMovements.

1. It is first to be observed, that a wheel, divided
by its pinion, shews how many turns the pinion has to
one turn of the wheel.

2. That from the fusee to the balance the wheels
drive the pinions, consequently the pinions run faster, or
make more revolutions, chan the wheel; but it is the
contrary from the great wheel to the dial-wheel.

3. That the wheels and pinions are written down
either as vulgar fractions, or in the way of division in
common arithmetic: sor example, a wheel of 60, moving
a pinion of 5, is set down either thus 60/5, or
thus 5)60, which is better. And the number of turns the
pinion has in one turn of the wheel, as a quotient, thus
5) 60 (12. A whole Movement may be written as
follows:

4 )

36

(9

5 )

55

( 11

5 )

45

( 9

5 )

40

( 8

17

where the uppermost number expresses the pinion of
report 4, the dial-wheel 36, and the turns of the
pinion 9; the second, the pinion and great wheel;
the third, the second wheel &c; the sourth, the contrate
wheel; and the last, 17, the crown-wheel.

4. Hence, from the number of turns any pinion
makes, in one turn of the wheel it works in, may be
determined the number of turns a wheel or pinion has
at any greater distance, viz, by multiplying the quotients
together; the product being the number of turns.
Thus, suppose the wheels and pinions as in the case
above; the quotient 11 multiplied by 9, gives 99, the
number of turns in the second pinion 5 to one turn of
the wheel 55, which runs concentrical, or on the same
spindle, with the pinion 5. Again, 99 multiplied by 8,
gives 792, the number of turns the last pinion has to
one turn of the first wheel 5. Hence we proceed to
find, not only the turns, but the number of beats of
the balance, in the time of those turns. For, having
found the number of turns the crown-wheel has in one
turn of the wheel proposed, those turns multiplied by
its notches, give half the number of beats in that one
turn of the wheel. Suppose, for example, the crownwheel
to have 720 turns, to one of the first wheel;
this number multiplied by 15, the notches in the crownwheel,
produces 10800, half the number of strokes of
the balance in one turn of the first wheel of 80 teeth.

The general division of a Movement is, into the
clock, and watch parts.

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