全国工商管理硕士研究生考试英语模拟试题

The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than
others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But
Gregory Cochran is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a
secientist who works independently of any institution. He helped
popularize tha idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a
bacterail cause were actually infections ,which aroused much controversy
when it was first suggested.

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank
and mark A, B, C or D onANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Even he, however,might tremble at the thought of what he is about to
do.

The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others
is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory
Cochran is to say it anyway. He is that bird, a scientist who works
independently any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some
diseases not thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections,
which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested。

●高频搭配

he, however, might tremble at the of what he is about to do. Together
with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only
that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but
explains the process that has brought this about. The group in are a
particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural
selection。

不敢公开：Dare not speak its name

This group generally do well in IQ test, 12-15 points above the value of
100, and have contributed to the intellectual and cultural life of the
West, as the of their elites, including several world-renowned
scientists, . They also suffer more often than most people from a number
of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, , have
previously been thought unrelated. The former has been to social
effects, such as a strong tradition of education. The latter was seen as
a (an) of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence
and diseases are intimately . His argument is that the unusual history
of these people has them to unique evolutionary pressures that have
resulted in this state of affairs。

不依附于任何机构：Work indipendently of any institution

1.[A] selected[B] prepared[C] obliged[D] pleased

帮助普及该观点：Help popularize the idea

2.[A] unique[B] particular[C] special[D] rare

引起了很大的争议：Arouse much controversy

3.[A] of[B] with[C] in[D] against

一想到……就害怕的身体颤抖：Tremble at the thought of

4.[A] subsequently[B] presently[C] previously[D] lately

与众不同，出类拔萃的人：Rare bird

5.[A] Only[B] So[C] Even[D] Hence

由细菌引起的：Have a bacterial cause

6.[A] thought[B] sight[C] cost[D] risk

●巩固习题

7.[A] advises[B] suggests[C] protests[D]澳门网赌网址， objects

He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not previously
thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections , which
aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.

8.[A] progress[B] fact[C] need[D] question

结构提示：that some diseases 是前面 the idea 的同位语从句，not
previously thought to have a bacterial
cause做后置定语修饰前面的diseases,主干是some diseases were actually
infections.

9.[A] attaining[B] scoring[C] reaching[D] calculating

参考译文：他帮助普及这样一个观点，即以前认为不是由细菌引起的某些疾病实际上就是传染病，该观点第一次提出来的时候，引起了很大的争议。

10.[A] normal[B] common[C] mean[D] total

真题段落二：

11.[A] unconsciously[B] disproportionately

They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty
genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts , however, social
effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education. The latterwas
seen as a consequence of genetic isolation .Dr.Cochran suggests that the
inteligence and diseases are intimately linked. His argument is that the
unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique
evolutionary pressures that have reasulted in this paradoxical state of
affairs.

[C] indefinitely[D] unaccountably

●高频搭配

12.[A] missions[B] fortunes[C] interests[D] careers

遭受一些令人难受的遗传性疾病

13.[A] affirm[B] witness[C] observe[D] approve

以前被认为是不相关的have previously been thought unrelated

14.[A] moreover[B] therefore[C] however[D] meanwhile

归因于社会影响 have been put down to social effects

15.[A] given up[B] got over[C] carried on[D] put down

高度重视教育的传统a strong tradition of valuing education

16.[A] assessing[B] supervising[C] administering[D] valuing

被看做基因隔离的结果 be seen as a consequence of genetic isolation

17.[A] development[B] origin[C] consequence[D] instrument

密切相关 be intimately linked

18.[A] linked[B] integrated[C] woven[D] combined

使他们承受独特的进化力量have subjected them to unique evolutionary
pressures

19.[A] limited[B] subjected[C] converted[D] directed

矛盾的状态 paradoxical state of affairs

20.[A] paradoxical[B] incompatible[C] inevitable[D] continuous

●巩固习题

Section Ⅱ Reading comprehension (50 points)

Dr.Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are
intimately linked.

The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the
classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the
problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making
a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision.
Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives
rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of
interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity,
inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the
process of thinking。

Generations of writers on management have recognized that some
practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such
writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the
opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for
capriciousness。

Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers
reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior
managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they
intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on
intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This
intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of
painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third
function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and
practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha！ experience.
Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more
rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal
decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic
methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions
suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the
correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass
in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution.
Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process
in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns。

One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management
is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know
what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently
act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in
thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their
companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and
then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert。

Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they
face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn
more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop
a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of
thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the
problem, not just of implementing the solution。

According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the
following ways EXCEPT to

[A] speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem。

[B] identify a problem。

[C] bring together disparate facts。

[D] stipulate clear goals。

The text suggests which of the following about the writers on
management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2？

[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical
rational model of decision analysis。

[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample
of actual managers。

[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say
rather than on what managers do。

[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making
business decisions。

It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would
most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who
uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal
decision analysis？

Which of the following best describes the organization of the first
paragraph of the text？

[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given。

[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced。

[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized。

[D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated。

Text2

Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the
United States by applying new social research findings on the
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of
pre-industrial North America. His approach rests on four separate
propositions。

The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved
regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World was simply
a natural spillover. Although at first the colonies held little positive
attraction for the English — they would rather have stayed home — by the
eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they
regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that,
contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history
textbooks, there was never a typical New World community. For example,
the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied
considerably。

Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns prevailing among
the many thousands of migrants: one group came as indentured servants,
another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, Bailyn suggests that those
who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of
transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine
the social character of people who came to pre-industrial North America.
At first, thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s,
however, American employers demanded skilled artisans。

Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to
insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. But to
divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, as Bailyn
does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true, as
Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in
England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, where the settlers
created effective laws, built a distinguished university, and published
books？ Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However,
the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had
powerful effects on North American culture。

Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of
indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails
to link their experience with the political development of the United
States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a
connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the
period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It
is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up
good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal
independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a
peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who were
suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic。

Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North
America is supported by information in the text？

[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as
indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring land。

[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more
successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans。

[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during the
seventeenth century。

[D] By the 1730’s,migrants already skilled in a trade were in more
demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers。

The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to

[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political
interdependence of the colonies and England。

[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds
preserved their culture in the United States。