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1 Name: ate: 1. Missing from the diagram of this ecosystem are the 5. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.. biotic factors and decomposers. abiotic factors and decomposers. autotrophs, only. heterotrophs, only What is an appropriate title for this diagram?. Energy Flow in a ommunity. Ecological Succession. iological Evolution 2. Which group would most likely be represented in a food chain?. Food hain. biotic factors. abiotic factors. inorganic compounds 6. The diagram below represents a food web.. finite resources 3. relationship between a consumer and producer is best illustrated by a. snake eating a bird. tree absorbing minerals. fungus breaking down wastes. deer eating grass 4. The greatest number of relationships between the organisms in an ecosystem is best shown in. a food chain. an energy pyramid. a food web Two of the herbivores represented in this food web are. toads and snakes. deer and mice. wolves and raccoons. grasshoppers and toads. an ecological succession diagram page 1

2 7. Which ecological term best describes the polar bears in the cartoon? 9. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the passage below and on your knowledge of biology. Keystone Species keystone species is one whose presence contributes to the diversity of life and whose extinction would lead to the extinction of other forms of life. keystone species helps to support the ecosystem of which it is a part. n example of what can happen when a keystone species is removed occurred when fur hunters eliminated sea otters from some Pacific Ocean kelp beds. Otters eat sea urchins, which eat kelp. With its major predator gone, sea urchin populations exploded and consumed most of the kelp. Fish, snails, and other animals associated with the kelp beds disappeared.. herbivores. parasites. carnivores. producers The grizzly bear is another example of a keystone species. Grizzlies transfer nutrients from the ocean ecosystem to the forest ecosystem. The first stage of this transfer is performed by salmon that swim up rivers, sometimes for hundreds of miles. Salmon are rich in nitrogen, sulfur, carbon, and phosphorus. The bears capture the salmon and carry them onto dry land, scattering nutrient-rich feces (wastes) and partially eaten salmon carcasses. It has been estimated that the bears leave up to half of the salmon they harvest on the forest floor. Which organism is most likely not functioning as a keystone species in its ecosystem? 8. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram of a food web and on your knowledge of biology.. beaver transforms its territory from a stream to a pond or swamp, maintaining the habitat for a variety of native species. elephant destroys trees, making room for grass species and preventing the environment from becoming a woodland. black-tailed prairie dogs burrows act as homes to other creatures, including burrowing owls, badgers, rabbits, snakes, salamanders, and insects. zebra mussels compete with native species, reducing the biodiversity of the Great Lakes ecosystem If the population of mice is reduced by disease, which change will most likely occur in the food web?. The cricket population will increase.. The snake population will increase.. The grasses will decrease.. The deer population will decrease. 10. Environmentalists are hoping to protect endangered organisms by calling for a reduction in the use of pesticides, because loss of these organisms would. increase the mutation rate in plants. cause pesticides to become more toxic to insects. reduce biodiversity in various ecosystems. decrease the space and resources available to other organisms page 2

3 11. Over a long period of time, the stages represented in the diagram below were each present in a particular ecosystem. Stages in an Ecosystem 13. Scientists have been concerned about the reduction of shark populations due to overfishing off the east coast of the United States. Sharks feed on rays, which feed on scallops. Scallops feed on microscopic algae, which they filter from seawater. Without sharks, the rays consume and eliminate scallop beds, harming the scallop fishing industry. This situation demonstrates that. sharks are not important for the stability of this ecosystem. reducing the shark population increases the quantity of scallops that can be harvested. humans can upset ecosystem stability by removing species fter a forest fire, what is the most likely order in which these stages appeared?. humans improve ecosystem diversity by removing predators The diagram below represents a cycling of materials. Which row in the chart below shows the substances represented by X and Y? Row X Y (1) oxygen carbon dioxide (2) glucose oxygen (3) carbon dioxide oxygen (4) amino acids carbon dioxide 14. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the data table below and on your knowledge of biology. The data table shows the number of breeding pairs of bald eagles in New York State from 1991 to Year Number of reeding Pairs of ald Eagles in New York State from 1991 to 2003 Number of reeding pairs In which time period did New York State see the largest increase in breeding pairs of bald eagles? (1). (2). (3). (4) page 3

4 15. The chart below shows three ecological terms used to describe levels of organization on Earth. 18. What is the primary source of energy for all the organisms in the ecosystem represented below? ecosystem population biosphere Which diagram best represents the relationship of these ecological terms?... photosynthesis in the producers. respiration in the heterotrophs. light energy from the Sun... minerals from the rocks 16. The diagram below represents many species of plants and animals and their surroundings. 19. diagram frequently used in ecological studies is shown below. The diagram best represents. a population. a community. an ecosystem. the biosphere This diagram can be used to represent the. dependency of animal survival on physical conditions in an ecosystem. loss of energy from various groups of organisms in an ecosystem 17. Why is a mushroom considered a heterotroph?. It manufactures its own food.. competition among species in an ecosystem. mechanisms that maintain homeostasis in the plants in an ecosystem. It divides by mitosis.. It transforms light energy into chemical energy.. It obtains nutrients from its environment. page 4

5 20. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the energy pyramid below and on your knowledge of biology. 23. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the graph below on your knowledge of biology. The graph shows the size of a population over time. Which level includes organisms that receive their energy from level?.... Which term best identifies line in the graph?. niche of the species in the environment. biodiversity in the environment 21. The diagram below represents a pyramid of energy that includes both producers and consumers.. carrying capacity of the environment. number of populations in the environment The greatest amount of available energy is found at level Four students each drew an illustration to show the flow of energy in a field ecosystem. Which illustration is most accurate?.... page 5

6 24. The graph below shows the growth of a field mouse population in an ecosystem over time. 26. Which term refers to the ecological niche of many bacteria and fungi in an ecosystem?. decomposer. herbivore. producer. scavenger The dashed line indicating the carrying capacity for the mouse population is correctly shown on which graph? 27. The diagram represents the changes in an area over time.. This series of changes in the area over hundreds of years is known as. evolution.. feedback. ecological succession. direct harvesting. 28. Which concept is best represented in the diagram below?.. random mutations. ecological succession. genetic engineering. direct harvesting 25. Which row in the chart below best identifies the relationship between the mice and the wheat? Row Role of Mice Role of Wheat (1) producer consumer (2) predator host (3) host predator (4) consumer producer 29. serious threat to biodiversity is. habitat destruction. maintenance of food chains. competition within a species. a stable population size. (1). (2). (3). (4) page 6

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