Abstract: Background. Knowledge about vertical transmission of
HCV is still limited. In this study we followed up the virological
status of a series of offspring born to anti-HCV positive, anti-HIV
negative mothers.

Methods. Between January 1993 and January 1995, 5000
consecutive, anti-HIV negative pregnant women were screened for
anti-HCV (ELISA III) and all positive samples were confirmed by
RIBA III and analyzed for HCV-RNA by polymerase chain reaction
(PCR), Babies born to anti-HCV positive mothers were followed from
birth to two years by testing for ALT levels, anti-HCV antibodies
and HCV-RNA,

Conclusion. Mother-to-infant transmission of HCV is possible
only in the case of HCV-RNA positive mothers. In our study the rate
of transmission is 3.6% (2/56 babies with HCV-RNA positive
mothers). HCV transmission may occur without evident association
with breastfeeding or vaginal delivery.