served as a Union Army general during the Civil War
Radical Republican & Carpetbagger
Military governor, Senator and civilian governor in Reconstruction in Mississippi
US Army general during the Spanish-American War

AA newspaper editor in N. Carolina
Wilmington Daily Record- only AA owned newspaper at the time
denounced lynching & anit-black scare tactics during 1898 elections
his office was destroyed in the Wilmington Race Riot where he was forced to flee

Republican Rutherford B. Hayes wins election & ends Reconstruction
won with understanding of removal of troops where Republican support was essential to survive
many white Republicans also left & Democrats took their control "Redeemers"
construction of transcontinental RR to help South recover economically

Credit system used by farmer's in the South
merchants provided food & supplies all year long on credit; when the cotton crop was harvested farmers turned it over to the merchant to pay back their loan
merchants would charge farmers interset since they themselves had to borrow $ to buy farmers supplies [ended up suffering from loss when crops were low]

First national labor strike [start of labor unionization]
wage cuts, distrust of capitalists & poor working conditions led to a number of railroad strikes that prevented the trains from moving
no strikes in South; Reconstruction shifted to industrial/economic concern
start of repression of organized labor by businessmen & federal gov't
troops sent to end strikes

Violent disturbances due to working-class discontent by Congress passing laws to draft men to fight Civil War
Irish men in particular who were low in social hiearchy & couldn't afford to pay for a subsitute such as the rich did
military troops had to control people
citizenship links to freedom --> freedom links to race

Essentially made Cuba a US colony
US had right to intervene to protect Cuban Independence
needed US consent to sign treaties
required to provide land for US military (99yr lease of naval base Guantanamo)
set up sanitation programs to protect their people & make island more attractive for US investors

Andrew Johnson- Southern Democrat former slave-holder who opposed black suffrage; Pro-Union for state's rights; wanted to pardon Confederates if they took an oath of loyalty towards the Union; free slaves...that's all
Lincoln- 10% Plan: state can re-enter Union when 10% of voters in state took an oathe of allegiance towards emancipation [didn't go well]; didn't want to punish Confederates & wanted to respect their land

Add on to Monroe Doctrine [end of colonization in W. Hemisphere]
US declares it's hold unilateral right to intervene in affairs of all W. Hemisphere countries
international police power
prepared to ensure that all W. nations act civilied

poem by Rudyard Kipling
mixed exhortation to empire with sober warnings of the costs involved, characterization for imperialism that justified the policy as a noble enterprise
rhetorical command to white men to colonize and rule other nations for the benefit of those people
proposes that white people consequently have an obligation to rule over