Bransford Chapter 4

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Transcript of Bransford Chapter 4

Intelligence is a fixed property vs. Intelligence is malleable Importance of shared social and situational contextsCHAPTER 4How Children LearnZ .P.D."Children lack knowledge and experience but not reasoning"Active role of learners in their social environmentImportance of shared social and situational contexts competence motivationTHE ZONEMultiple IntelligencesChildren can learn almost anything through will and effortEntity TheoristsSelf-DirectedOther-DirectedLearningFlexible learning strategiesVS.Incremental TheoristsKEANperform wellGOOD JUDGMENTSNO ASSESSMENTSDifferent strategies work for different students based on their knowledge of their own learning.---- KaitlinPredisposition to learnsome things over otherslearners can navigate with aid from a supportive context (Natalie)"Don't expose my failure!!!!"Young children are actively engaged in making sense of their worlds.mnemonics, clustering (organizing knowledge into meaningful chunks)- KaitlinCommunication - behavior that is appropriate & effective for a given situation

intelligence can be improved by effort AND WILL!!!!S.G.Katie HockemaS.G.Infants are not blank slates as previously believed; they have inherent, requisite knowledge-- C.W.Prior successS.G.LeaUpper boundaries change as learners acquire knowledge and competence"challenge me"Privileged domain- young children already begin to have learning biases C.W.Children lack knowledge and experience but not reasoning ability. (Natalie)Learners Potential with Capable People The roles of more capable peers, parents, and other partners are an important part of developing, challenging, and extending a child's efforts to understand the world around themChildren's biology and ecologyS.G.Kaitlinhigh persistenceEncompasses the area between what students can do on their own (actual developmental level) and what they can do with guidance from adults or peers--Entity theories vs. Incremental theories Verbal vs. NonverbalS.G.KaitlinInternal rewardsExternal rewardsKEANC.W.S.G.S.G.Leaprivileged domains center on broadly focused categoriesphysical and biologicalcausalitynumberlanguageScaffoldingyoung children’s learning capacities o Early predisposition to learn about some things but not otherso Strategies and metacognition Theories of mindo Some theorists argue that there is more than one way to learn, more than one way to be “intelligent.”o Children and community

 Vygotsky’s “communities of learners”FOUR MAJOR AREASS.G.CommunicationS.G.LizardC.WLearning is influenced by social interactions Without these shared social experiences, language acquisition cannot take place because these experiences play a major role in helping children discover the meaning of words and sentence structure. (p. 94)---KaitlinLeaShould each intelligence be nurtured in curricula or specific ones?The way parents set up a child's environment affects their learning& how many verbal/ nonveral cues they pick-up Natalie made thisLanguage spoken in the house"Children are both problem solvers and problem generators; they not only attempt to solve problems presented to them, but they also seek to create novel challenges"

When a child has previous experience with certain situational contexts and environments their behavior is more likely to transfer to a similar situational context in a productive way. The environment can "prompt" behaviors if there is previous thinking about the action/behavior.S.G.Specifically in special education, community based learning in specific situational contexts is beneficial because it helps students learn and understand specific skills in an actual realistic environment related to that skill.-- Kaitlin K.H.QuestioninglizardObserving/ Eavesdropping- how children who are not directy in conversation wittheir parents learnthorugh observing adults & creating own understanding p.102C.W.various learning strategies : Rehearsal-repeating items over and over, improving recall Elaboration-improving retention of more meaningful concepts Summarization-increasing retention and comprehension Clustering-organizing knowledge Chunking effectNatalieC.W.C.WLeaMost children fall on the continuum or may be simultaneous in various subject matterC.W.(internal motivation vs. external motivation)Language development depends on the situation and environment that children are exposed to; affects their biological predispositions-- Kaitlininternal motivations can foster metacognitionWithin reach, you can teachdeveloping metacognitive strategiesHard-wired to learn language,but you have to be around people to development