NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Crafty is a chess "engine". That is, the program concerns itself with
playing chess and not with providing a graphic user interface. Thus
Crafty is commonly invoked indirectly via XBoard, and current versions
of these programs generally work very well together. Some noteworthy
features of Crafty are:
* Source code, provided, is unusually deserving of study. The author
has sought to provide a starting point for others writing chess-
playing programs, leading to clean and portable code. Another
objective has been to maintain a state-of-the-art chess engine, with
the result that some parts of the source code may be challenging to
understand.
* Flexible and powerful command-line interface. About the only thing
that can not be done within the CLI is changing various paths
determining where Crafty reads and writes various files. This
manual page focuses on explaining these paths.
* Easy graphic user interface via xboard(6).
* Informative log files. Writes "game.nnn" file storing current game
in PGN format, and also writes "log.nnn" file recording what the
engine was "thinking".
* Intelligent opening play. Crafty learns from experience, and makes
appropriate modifications to its opening book. The "book" command
allows generation of an opening book (from PGN data), and
customization of how it is used. The learning facilities synthesize
several different approaches, and allow various ways for the user to
customize and follow what is being learned. Additional commands
allow easy creation of files to customize how Crafty plays the
opening against humans and against other computer programs.
* Uses endgame tablebases. Precompiled tablebases in the appropriate
format are freely downloadable from ftp://ftp.cis.uab.edu/hyatt/TB.
* Polished and powerful facilities for Internet play (for which the
program continues to be extensively used). Note that the licencing
forbids concealing Crafty under another name, or unauthorized entry
of it in a tournament in which other computer programs have been
invited to compete.
* Annotation. Generates either PGN or HTML files, in a manner made
very flexible by choosing appropriate aptions to the "annotate |
annotateh" command.

OPTIONS

In the command line arguments, <directory-spec> is a path to a
directory, whereas <directory-list> is a non-empty sequence of paths to
directories. For portability, several different characters are taken
as path separators: the colon (:), the semicolon (;), and the comma
(,).
There are actually four of these: bookpath is where Crafty seeks its
opening books and writes learned knowledge; logpath is where Crafty
normally writes a pair of files "game.nnn" and "log.nnn" for each game
it plays; rcpath is where Crafty looks for a run control file to be
read only; and tbpath is where Crafty looks for endgame tablebase files
to be read only.
The four path specifications have a number of things in common: each
has a default value set when Crafty is compiled, which can then be
modified by the appropriate environment variable, and can then again be
modified by an invocation argument, but can not be modified after the
engine has been initialized (thus, in particular, it is not possible to
modify the paths by editing a run control file). Possibly the best
procedure is to avoid the invocation options, experiment with the
environment variables, and then perhaps recompile the program with
different defaults. Note that if the program is compiled "out of the
box" then all four values default to "./" (the directory in which
Crafty has been launched).
Crafty can be invoked with other arguments (such as "xboard" to
indicate that Crafty is being invoked through xboard(6)) which would
not usually be used directly.

COMMANDS

Crafty’s extensive command-line interface is defined in "option.c",
discussed in "crafty.doc", and briefly described by the command "help".

FILES

Runcontrol
Crafty tries to read a run control file rcpath/.craftyrc. (On a non-
Unix system, ".craftyrc" changes to "crafty.rc".) Such a file should
contain a sequence of valid Crafty commands, terminated by the command
"exit" to restore standard input to the keyboard. See crafty.rc(5) for
a skeletal example.
Logging
When a game is played, Crafty normally writes "logpath/game.<nnn>" and
"logpath/log.<nnn>". Details of what is written are modifiable by the
‘log’ command. Because $CRAFTY_LOG_DIR defaults to "./" (the directory
in which Crafty is launched), trouble can occur if the program is
launched in a directory to which it is unable to write. Note that the
"log.<nnn>" file normally contains all output that would be visible if
Crafty were run from the command line but is usually hidden when it is
run from a GUI.
Openingbooks
Crafty is designed to maintain its chess opening knowledge in a file
"book.bin", and to modify this file as it learns from its mistakes.
Refer to the documentation for the "book" command for information on
generating and customizing usage of "book.bin".
Further, files "books.bin" and "bookc.bin" allow easy customization of
Crafty’s opening play (against humans and computer, respectively). See
the documentation for the "books" command.
Finally, there are several files "*.lrn" for synopses of what Crafty
has been learning. See the documentation for the "learn" command.
Endgametablebases
When normally configured, Crafty reads late endgame knowledge from
"*.emd" files, which are distance-to-mate tablebases. See the
documentation for the "egtb" command.

ENVIRONMENTVARIABLES

CRAFTY_BOOK_PATH
If $CRAFTY_BOOK_PATH is set, it overrides the compiled value of
bookpath, the path to directory containing "book.bin" and friends.
Unless learning has been disabled, Crafty will be writing in this
directory.
CRAFTY_LOG_PATH
If $CRAFTY_LOG_PATH is set, it overrides the compiled value of logpath,
the path to directory for writing, but not reading, the log files.
CRAFTY_RC_PATH
If $CRAFTY_RC_PATH is set, it overrides the compiled value of rcpath,
the path to directory for reading, but not writing, a run control file
(".craftyrc" or "crafty.rc").
CRAFTY_TB_PATH
If $CRAFTY_TB_PATH is set, it overrides the compiled value of tbpath,
the sequence of paths to directories for reading, but not writing,
endgame tablebase files.

SEEALSO

HISTORY

Crafty is the son of CrayBlitz, also written by Bob Hyatt. The
subsequent history of Crafty is detailed in the source file "main.c".
Opening books appeared in version 1.9. log files in 1.11, endgame
tablebases in 8.24, run control files in 9.22, and environment
variables in 16.5.

BUGS

In the interests of portability, Crafty deals with files in a simple
manner, at the cost of robustness. Very long or incorrect paths may
result in a "segmentation fault" when a file writing operation fails.
This manual page itself will probably always be flagrantly incomplete
in that many essential, powerful, and interesting aspects of Crafty are
not even mentioned.