In section 2.1 "Well-Formed XML Documents", [1] defines "document" as consisting of
prolog element Misc*
In section 2.8 "Prolog and Document Type Declaration", [22] defines "prolog" as consisting of
XMLDecl? Misc* (doctypedecl Misc*)?
Since it is legitimate for "prolog" to consist of nothing, it would seem more appropriate to define [1] as
prolog? element Misc*
for the following reason: If nothing is there, how can "prolog" be said to be there?