PART I
Policies to Govern Joint Action of the Army and the Navy

The text below is the 1935 revision. Paragraphs which have been
amended by subsequent changes are noted by "[‡]". Clicking
on this link will take you to the first change. If there
are subsequent changes, the changed paragraph will be linked
to the next change, allowing one to follow the evolution of the
doctrine.

Chapter IPolicy Governing the Respective Functions of the Army and of the Navy

Purpose of statement of policy.--

The purpose of this statement
of policy is to distinguish between the functions of the Army
and the Navy in such a manner as to establish an authoritative and
adequate basis for development, planning, procurement, and training
of each service; and for their guidance in joint operations.

Constitutional basis.

The Army and Navy are maintained to secure the objectives
stated in the Preamble to the Constitution:

* * * to insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence,
promote the general Welfare * * *

They are required by the national need for political and territorial
security; for the support of our national policies; and for the assurance
of the supply of materials vital to the existence of the Nation.

The Army and the Navy together constitute the Nation's military
power of which, under the Constitution, the President is the
Commander in Chief; therefore their acts derive authority from the
direction of the president, either expressed or implied, and are
directed to a common end.

Common mission of Army and Navy.--

Conjointly and in
cooperation, to defend the territory of the United States against all
enemies, foreign or domestic; to protect and promote the interests
and policies of the United States in peace and in war.

General functions of the Army and the Navy.

Top accomplish the above mission, the Army performs functions
that normally pertain to land operations, the Navy performs functions
that normally pertain to sea operations. The air forces of the
Army are an integral part of the land forces. The air forces of the

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Navy are an integral part of the sea forces. The Marine Corps i
likewise an integral part of the sea forces. Land and sea operations
each include air operations connected and coordinated therewith.
The President has the poser to make exceptions to any general allocation
of functions; and, in some cases, due to the nature of the forces
available, the functions of one service may be performed temporarily
by the other service; but sea operations by the Army are proper only
when immediately auxiliary to or in support of normal Army functions,
and, similarly, land operations by the Navy are proper only
when immediately auxiliary to or in support of normal Navy functions.

The Army and the Navy have joint responsibilities in joint
operations. In such operations, it is the duty of the commander of
the service which is not invested with the primary responsibility for
the conduct of an operation, to render every possibly assistance to the
commander of the service which is invested with such primary responsibility,
to the end that ultimate success will rest with our arms.
The spirit of this paragraph should also govern in the preparation of
war plans.

In order that the most effective cooperation may be attained,
the following general principles will govern:

Neither service will attempt to restrict in any way the
means and weapons used by the other service in carrying out
its functions.

Neither service will attempt to restrict in any way the
area of operations of the other service in carrying out its functions.

Each service will lend the utmost assistance possible to
the other service in carrying out its functions.

General functions of the Army.

General functions of the Army in peace and war.

To provide for and to prepare the land forces necessary
for the effective prosecution of war to include provisions for
the expansion of the peace components of the land forces to
meet the needs of war.

To defend the continental United States and its overseas
possessions, to include the defense of all permanent naval bases.

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To support the national policies of the United States
and to furnish land forces for the occupation of foreign
territory in protection of the interests of the United States.

To protect the United States from internal disorder or insurrection.

Additional general functions of the Army in war.

To conduct effective military operations.

To conduct operations in support of the Navy for the
establishment and defense of naval bases.

To provide such forces as may be necessary for joint
overseas expeditions.