Was on a workstation that should have been backing up nightly via Veeam yet I saw the error below. Hasn't backed up since 7/2. I checked the destination and there are no permissions issues. Any ideas why it would fail all of a sudden?

That's what I did. Submitted a ticket via the application and a tech replied within the hour. Had to set the reg key below to 1 to do a fresh backup if that helps anyone else.

That is done through adding a registry key and restarting the server.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Veeam\Veeam Endpoint Backup
ReCreateDatabase REG_DWORD Boolean 0 Yes Defines whether EP database is re-created on the next initialization of Veeam EP Service.