Senate

Sample Letter #12- Global Warming

Your Address
Your City ST 12345

Dear Representative/Senator:
I am writing to express my concern about the threat to our nation and our civilization posed by global warming.
More than 2,000 scientists in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have reported to the United Nations that the planet is warming as a result of human activities. The buildup of “greenhouse gases” in the atmosphere, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels such as oil and gas and from the destruction of our forests, is trapping the sun’s energy, with potentially catastrophic consequences.

The certain impacts of global warming are rising sea levels, more extensive droughts, and an increase in floods and severe storms. Glaciers are melting, the deep oceans are warming, many species are threatened and major infectious diseases are spreading to new areas.

The IPCC has made it clear that cuts of at least 50% to 70% in global greenhouse gas emissions are necessary to allow our climate to restabilize itself. Meeting in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997, the governments of the industrialized countries agreed to reduce their emissions by a meager 5.5% by 2012, but over the period of the agreement global emissions are projected to increase by 30%. When our governments meet again for climate negotiations this October in Bonn, Germany, it is vital that they take far more aggressive action.

A solution to the problem must include a global transition to renewable energy technologies like solar and wind power. To begin the transition our government, together with others, should:

Redirect government support that is currently given for fossil fuels-which now amounts to about US$300 billion globally—to renewable energy (and to retraining oil and coal workers).

Create a global fund to finance renewable energy in developing nations and the protection of forests. One possible funding source—a levy of a quarter of a cent per US dollar on international currency transactions—would generate over $200 billion a year.

Negotiate an agreement to rapidly reduce global greenhouse gas emissions to a safe level.
The longer we delay, the greater the risk of catastrophic consequences.

KEYWORDS:
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US, United StatesFind Government Benefits, Shop Government Websites, Apply for
Government Jobs, Get a Passport Application, Social Security. Vote on a
resolution authorizing the United States to overthrow the government of Iraq
by military force. Its passage, we read on all sides, is a foregone conclusion,
as if what the country now faces is not a decision but the disclosure of a
fate. The nation marches as if in a trance to war. opposition to the war.
In the Senate, Robert Byrd has mounted a campaign against the version of the
resolution already proposed by the Bush Administration. He has said that the
resolution's unconstitutionality will prevent him from voting for it. But I am
finding, he adds, that the Constitution is irrelevant to people of this
Administration. The Joint Chiefs of Staff, according to the Washington Post,
oppose the war. Polls and news stories reveal a divided and uncertain public. Yet debate in
your chambers is restricted to peripheral questions, such as the timing of the
vote, or the resolution's precise scope. You are a deliberative body, but
you do not deliberate. You are representatives, but you do not represent.
The silence of those of you in the Democratic Party is especially troubling.
You are the opposition party, but you do not oppose. Raising the subject of
the war, your political advisers tell you, will distract from the domestic
issues that favor the party's chances in the forthcoming Congressional election.
In the face of the Administration's pre-emptive war, your leaders have resorted
to pre-emptive surrender. For the sake of staying in power, you are told,
you must not exercise the power you have in the matter of the war. What, then,
is the purpose of your re-election? If you succeed, you will already have
thrown away the power you supposedly have won. You will be members of Congress,
but Congress will not be Congress. Even the fortunes of the domestic causes
you favor will depend far more on the decision on the war than on the outcome
of the election. Immigration, Benefits and Grants, Defense and International,
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ALRepresentative_Jo_Bonner,ALRepresentative_Terry_Everett,ALRepresentative_Mike
_Rogers,ALRepresentative_Robert_Aderholt,ALRepresentative_Robert_Cramer,
ALRepresentative_Spencer_Bachus,ALRepresentative_Artur_Davis,
Don_Young,ARRepresentative_Marion_Berry,ARRepresentative_Vic_Snyder,
John Boozman,ARRepresentative_Mike_Ross,AZRepresentative_Rick_Renzi,
AZRepresentative_Trent_Franks, Ed Pastor,AZRepresentative_Jeff_Flake,
John_Shadegg, AZRepresentative_Jim_Kolbe,AZRepresentative_J.D._Hayworth,
AZRepresentative_Raul_Grijalva, CARepresentative_Mike_Thompson,CARepresentative_Wally_Herger,
Doug_Ose, John Doolittle, Robert Matsui,
Lynn_Woolsey, CARepresentative_George Miller,
Nancy_Pelosi, CARepresentative_Barbara Lee,CARepresentative Ellen Tauscher,
Richard_Pombo, CARepresentative Tom Lantos, Fortney Stark,
Anna_Eshoo,CARepresentative_Michael_Honda,CARepresentative_Zoe_Lofgren,
Sam_Farr, Dennis_Cardoza, Calvin Dooley,
Devin_Nunes, William_Thomas,CARepresentative_Luis_Capps,
Elton_Gallegly, Howard_McKeon,CARepresentative_Howard_Berman,
Brad_Sherman,CARepresentative_David_Dreier,CARepresentative_Henry_Waxman,
Xavier_Becerra, Hilda_Soliz,CARepresentative_Adam_Schiff,
Diane_Watson, Lucille_Roybal-Allard,
CARepresentative_Maxine_Waters,CARepresentative_Jane_Harman,
Juanita_Millender-McDonald,CARepresentative_Grace_Napolitano,
CARepresentative_Linda_Sanchez,CARepresentative_Edward_Royce,CARepresentative_Jerry_Lewis,
CARepresentative_Gary_Miller,CARepresentative_Joe_Baca,CARepresentative_Ken_Calvert,
CARepresentative_Mary_Bono,CARepresentative_Dana_Rohrabacher,CARepresentative_Loretta_Sanchez,
CARepresentative_Christopher_Cox,CARepresentative_Darrell_Issa,CARepresentative_Bob_Filner,
CARepresentative_Randy_Cunningham,CARepresentative_Duncan_Hunter,CARepresentative_Susan_Davis,
CORepresentative_Diana_DeGette,CORepresentative_Mark_Udall,CORepresentative_Scott_McInnis,
Marilyn_Musgrave,CORepresentative_Joel_Hefley,CORepresentative_Thomas_Tancredo,
Bob_Beauprez,CTRepresentative_John_Larson,CTRepresentative_Rosa_DeLauro,
Christopher_Shays,CTRepresentative_Nancy_Johnson,CTRepresentative_Rob_Simmons,
Eleanor_Norton,DERepresentative_Michael_Castle,FLRepresentative_Jeff_Miller,
Allen_Boyd, Corrine Brown,FLRepresentative_Ander_Crenshaw,
FLRepresentative_Ginny_Brown-Waite,FLRepresentative_Clifford_Stearns,FLRepresentative_John_Mica,
Ric_Keller,FLRepresentative_Michael_Bilirakis,FLRepresentative_C._Young,
FLRepresentative James_Davis, Adam_Putnam,FLRepresentative_Katherine_Harris,
Porter_Goss, Dave Weldon,FLRepresentative_Mark_Foley,
Kendrick Meek, FLRepresentative_Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen,
Robert Wexler, Peter_Deutsch,FLRepresentative_Lincoln_Diaz-Balart,
FLRepresentative_E.Shaw,FLRepresentative_Alcee_Hastings,FLRepresentative_Tom_Feeney,
FLRepresentative Mario Diaz-Balart, GARepresentative_Jack_Kingston,GARepresentative_Sanford_Bishop,
Jim_Marshall, GARepresentative_Denise_Majette,GARepresentative_John_Lewis,
Johnny Isakson, Mac Collins, Phil Gingrey,
Nathan Deal,GARepresentative Charles Norwood,GARepresentative_John_Linder,
GARepresentative_Max_Burns, David_Scott,HIRepresentative_Neil_Abercrombie,
HIRepresentative_Ed_Case,IARepresentative_James_Leach,IARepresentative_Jim_Nussle,
IARepresentative_Leonard_Boswell,IARepresentative_Steve_King,
IARepresentative_Tom_Latham,IDRepresentative_Butch_Otter,IDRepresentative_Michael_Simpson,
ILRepresentative_Bobby_Rush,ILRepresentative_Jesse_Jackson,ILRepresentative_William_Lipinski,
ILRepresentative_Luis_Gutierrez,ILRepresentative_Rahm_Emanuel,ILRepresentative_Henry_Hyde,
ILRepresentative_Danny_Davis,ILRepresentative_Philip_Crane,ILRepresentative_Janice_Schakowsky,
ILRepresentative_Mark_Kirk,ILRepresentative_Gerald_Weller,ILRepresentative_Jerry_Costello,
ILRepresentative_Judy_Biggert,ILRepresentative_J._Hastert,ILRepresentative_Tim_Johnson,
ILRepresentative_Donald_Manzullo,ILRepresentative_Lane_Evans,ILRepresentative_Ray_LaHood,
ILRepresentative_John_Shimkus,INRepresentative_Peter_Visclosky,INRepresentative_Chris_Chocola,
INRepresentative_Mark_Souder,INRepresentative_Stephen_Buyer,
INRepresentative_Dan_Burton,INRepresentative_Mike_Pense,INRepresentative_John_Hostettler,
INRepresentative_Baron_Hill,INRepresentative_Julia_Carson,KSRepresentative_Jerry_Moran,
KSRepresentative_Jim_Ryun,KSRepresentative_Dennis_Moore,KSRepresentative_Todd_Tiahrt,
KYRepresentative_Edward_Whitfield,KYRepresentative_Ron_Lewis,KYRepresentative_Anne_Northup,
KYRepresentative_Ken_Lucas,KYRepresentative_Harold_Rogers, KYRepresentative_Ernie_Fletcher,
LARepresentative_David_Vitter, LARepresentative_William_Jefferson,LARepresentative_W.Tauzin,
LARepresentative_James_McCrery,LARepresentative_Rodney_Alexander,LARepresentative_Richard_Baker,
LARepresentative_Christopher_John, MERepresentative_Thomas_Allen,MERepresentative_Michael_Michaud,
MARepresentative_John_Olver,MARepresentative_Richard_Neal,
MARepresentative_James_McGovern,MARepresentative_Barney_Frank,MARepresentative_Martin_Meehan,
MARepresentative_John_Tierney, MARepresentative_Edward_Markey,MARepresentative_Michael_Capuano,
MARepresentative_Stephen_Lynch, MARepresentative_William_Delahunt,MDRepresentative_Wayne_Gilchrest,
MDRepresentative_Dutch_Ruppersberger,MDRepresentative_Benjamin_Cardin,MDRepresentative_Albert_Wynn,
MDRepresentative_Steny_Hoyer, MDRepresentative_Roscoe_Bartlett,MDRepresentative_Elijah_Cummings,
MDRepresentative_Chris_Van_Hollen,MIRepresentative_Bart_Stupak,MIRepresentative_Peter_Hoekstra,
MIRepresentative_Vernon_Ehlers,MIRepresentative_Dave_Camp,MIRepresentative_Dale_Kildee,
MIRepresentative_Fred_Upton,MIRepresentative_Nick_Smith,MIRepresentative_Mike_Rogers,
MIRepresentative_Candice_Miller,MIRepresentative_Joe_Knollenberg,
MIRepresentative_Sander_Levin,MIRepresentative_Thaddeus_McCotter,MIRepresentative_John_Conyers,
MIRepresentative_Carolyn_Kilpatrick,MIRepresentative_John_Dingell,
MNRepresentative_Gil_Gutknecht,MNRepresentative_John_Kline,MNRepresentative_Jim_Ramstad,
MNRepresentative_Betty_McCollum,MNRepresentative_Martin_Sabo,MNRepresentative_Mark_Kennedy,
MNRepresentative_Collin_Peterson,MNRepresentative_James_Oberstar,MORepresentative_William_Clay,
MORepresentative_Todd_Akin,MORepresentative_Richard_Gephardt,MORepresentative_Ike_Skelton,
MORepresentative_Karen_McCarthy,MORepresentative_Sam_Graves,MORepresentative_Roy_Blunt,
MORepresentative_Jo_Ann_Emerson,MORepresentative_Kenny_Hulshof,MSRepresentative_Roger_Wicker,
MSRepresentative_Bennie_Thompson,MSRepresentative_Charles_Pickering,
MSRepresentative_Gene_Taylor,MTRepresentative_Dennis_Rehberg,NCRepresentative_Frank_Ballance,
NCRepresentative_Bob_Etheridge,NCRepresentative_Walter_Jones,NCRepresentative_David_Price,
NCRepresentative_Richard_Burr,NCRepresentative_Howard_Coble,NCRepresentative_Mike_McIntyre,
NCRepresentative_Robin_Hayes,NCRepresentative_Sue_Myrick,NCRepresentative_Cass_Ballenger,
NCRepresentative_Charles_Taylor,NCRepresentative_Melvin_Watt,NCRepresentative_Brad_Miller,
NDRepresentative_Earl_Pomeroy,NERepresentative_Doug_Bereuter,NERepresentative_Lee_Terry,
NERepresentative_Tom_Osborne,NHRepresentative_Jeb_Bradley,NHRepresentative_Charles_Bass,
NJRepresentative_Robert_Andrews,NJRepresentative_Frank_LoBiondo,NJRepresentative_Jim_Saxton,
NJRepresentative_Christopher_Smith,NJRepresentative_Scott_Garrett,NJRepresentative_Frank_Pallone,
NJRepresentative_William_Pascrell,NJRepresentative_Steve_Rothman,NJRepresentative_Donald_Payne,
NJRepresentative_Rodney_Frelinghuysen,NJRepresentative_Rush_Holt,NJRepresentative_Robert_Menendez,
NJRepresentative_Mike_Ferguson,NMRepresentative_Heather_Wilson,NMRepresentative_Stevan_Pearce,
NMRepresentative_Tom_Udall,NVRepresentative_Jon_Porter,NVRepresentative_James_Gibbons,
NVRepresentative_Shelly_Berkley,NYRepresentative_Tim_Bishop,NYRepresentative_Steve_Israel,
NYRepresentative_Peter_King,NYRepresentative_Carolyn_McCarthy,NYRepresentative_Gary_Ackerman,
NYRepresentative_Gregory_Meeks,NYRepresentative_Joseph_Crowley,NYRepresentative_Jerrold_Nadler,
NYRepresentative_Anthony_Weiner,NYRepresentative_Edolphus_Towns,NYRepresentative_Major_Owens,
NYRepresentative_Nydia_Velazquez,
NYRepresentative_Vito_Fossella,NYRepresentative_Carolyn_Maloney,NYRepresentative_Charles_Rangel,
NYRepresentative_Jose_Serrano,NYRepresentative_Eliot_Engel,NYRepresentative_Nita_Lowey,
NYRepresentative_Sue_Kelly,NYRepresentative_John_Sweeney,NYRepresentative_Michael_McNulty,
NYRepresentative_Sherwood_Boehlert,NYRepresentative_John_McHugh,NYRepresentative_James_Walsh,
NYRepresentative_Maurice_Hinchey,NYRepresentative_Thomas_Reynolds,NYRepresentative_Louise_Slaughter,
NYRepresentative_Jack_Quinn,NYRepresentative_Amory_Houghton,OHRepresentative_Steve_Chabot,
OHRepresentative_Rob_Portman,OHRepresentative_Michael_Turner,OHRepresentative_Michael_Oxley,
OHRepresentative_Paul_Gillmor,OHRepresentative_Ted_Strickland,OHRepresentative_David_Hobson,
HRepresentative_John_Boehner,
OHRepresentative_Marcy_Kaptur,OHRepresentative_Dennis_Kucinich,
OHRepresentative_Stephanie_Tubbs_Jones,OHRepresentative_Sherrod_Brown,OHRepresentative_Patrick_Tiberi,
OHRepresentative_Deborah_Pryce,OHRepresentative_Ralph_Regula,OHRepresentative_Tim_Ryan,
OHRepresentative_Robert_Ney, OHRepresentative_Steve_LaTourette, OKRepresentative_John_Sullivan,
OKRepresentative_Brad_Carson,O KRepresentative_Tom_Cole,OKRepresentative_Ernest_Istook,
OKRepresentative_Frank_Lucas, ORRepresentative_David_Wu,ORRepresentative_Greg_Walden,
ORRepresentative_Earl_Blumenauer,ORRepresentative_Peter_DeFazio,ORRepresentative_Darlene_Hooley,
PARepresentative_Robert_Brady,PARepresentative_Chaka_Fattah,PARepresentative_Melissa_Hart,
PARepresentative_John_Peterson, PARepresentative_Jim_Gerlach,PARepresentative_Curt_Weldon,
PARepresentative_James_Greenwood,PARepresentative_Bud_Shuster,PARepresentative_Don_Sherwood,
PARepresentative_Paul_Kanjorski, PARepresentative_John_Murtha,PARepresentative_Joseph_Hoeffel,
PARepresentative_Patrick_Toomey,PARepresentative_Joseph_Pitts,PARepresentative_Tim_Holden,
PARepresentative_Michael_Doyle,PARepresentative_Tim_Murphy,PARepresentative_Todd_Platts,
PARepresentative_Phil_English,RIRepresentative_Patrick_Kennedy,RIRepresentative_James_Langevin,
SCRepresentative_Henry_Brown,SCRepresentative_Joe_Wilson,SCRepresentative_Gresham_Barrett,
SCRepresentative_Jim_DeMint,SCRepresentative_John_Spratt,SCRepresentative_James_Clyburn,
SDRepresentative_William_Janklow,TNRepresentative_William_Jenkins,TNRepresentative_John_Duncan,
TNRepresentative_Zach_Wamp,TNRepresentative_Lincoln_Davis,
TNRepresentative_Jim_Cooper,TNRepresentative_Bart_Gordon,TNRepresentative_Marsha_Blackburn,
TNRepresentative_John_Tanner,TNRepresentative_Harold_Ford,TXRepresentative_Max_Sandlin,
TXRepresentative_Jim_Turner,TXRepresentative_Sam_Johnson,TXRepresentative_Ralph_Hall,
TXRepresentative_Jeb_Hensarling,TXRepresentative_Joe_Barton,TXRepresentative_John_Culberson,
TXRepresentative_Kevin_Brady,TXRepresentative_Nick_Lampson,TXRepresentative_Lloyd_Doggett,
TXRepresentative_Chet_Edwards,TXRepresentative_Kay_Granger,TXRepresentative_William_Thornberry,
TXRepresentative_Ron_Paul,TXRepresentative_Ruben_Hinojosa,TXRepresentative_Silvestre_Reyes,
Charles_Stenholm,TXRepresentative_Sheila_Jackson_Lee,
Randy_Neugebauer,
TXRepresentative_Henry_Gonzalez,TXRepresentative_Lamar_Smith,TXRepresentative_Tom_DeLay,
TXRepresentative_Henry_Bonilla,TXRepresentative_Martin_Frost,TXRepresentative_Chris_Bell,
Ciro Rodriguez,TXRepresentative_Solomon_Ortiz,TXRepresentative_Gene_Green,
TXRepresentative_Eddie_Johnson,TXRepresentative_John_Carter,TXRepresentative_Pete_Sessions,
Rob_Bishop,UTRepresentative_Jim_Matheson,UTRepresentative_Christopher_Cannon,
VARepresentative_JoAnn_Davis,VARepresentative_Edward_Schrock,VARepresentative_Robert_Scott,
Randy_Forbes, Virgil_Goode,VARepresentative_Bob_Goodlatte,
Eric_Cantor, James_Moran, Rick_Boucher,
Frank_Wolf, Thomas_Davis,VTRepresentative_Bernard_Sanders,
Jay Inslee,WARepresentative_Rick_Larsen,WARepresentative_Brian_Baird,
Richard Hastings,WARepresentative_George_Nethercutt,
Norman Dicks,WARepresentative_Jim_McDermott,WARepresentative_Jennifer_Dunn,
WARepresentative_Adam_Smith,WIRepresentative_Paul_Ryan,WIRepresentative_Tammy_Baldwin,
Ron_Kind,WIRepresentative_Gerald_Kleczka,WIRepresentative_Thomas_Petri,
David_Obey,WIRepresentative_Mark_Green,WIRepresentative_F._Sensenbrenner,
Alan_Mollohan,WVRepresentative_Shelley_Capito,WVRepresentative_Nick_Rahall,
WYRepresentative_Barbara_Cubin,ALSenator_Richard_Shelby,ALSenator_Jeff_Sessions,
AKSenator_Ted_Stevens,AKSenator_Lisa_Murkowski,ARSenator_Blanche_Lincoln,ARSenator_Mark_Pryor,
AZSenator_John_McCain,AZSenator_Jon_Kyl,CASenator_Dianne_Feinstein,CASenator_Barbara_Boxer,
COSenator_Ben_Campbell,
COSenator_Wayne_Allard,CTSenator_Christopher_Dodd,CTSenator_Joseph_Lieberman,DESenator_Thomas_Carper,
DESenator_Joseph_Biden,FLSenator_Bob_Graham,FLSenator_Bill_Nelson,GASenator_Saxby_Chambliss,
Zell_Miller,HISenator_Daniel_Inouye,HISenator_Daniel_Akaka,
IASenator_Charles_Grassley,IASenator_Tom_Harkin,IDSenator_Larry_Craig,
Michael_Crapo,ILSenator_Peter_Fitzgerald,ILSenator_Richard_Durbin,
INSenator_Richard_Lugar,INSenator_Evan_Bayh,KSSenator_Pat_Roberts,KSSenator_Sam_Brownback,
KYSenator_Jim_Bunning,KYSenator_Mitch_McConnell,LASenator_John_Breaux,
Mary_Landrieu,MASenator_Edward_Kennedy,MASenator_John_Kerry,MDSenator_Paul_Sarbanes,
Barbara_Mikulski,MESenator_Susan_Collins,MESenator_Olympia_Snowe,
MISenator_Carl_Levin,MISenator_Debbie_Stabenow,MNSenator_Norm_Coleman,
Mark_Dayton,MOSenator_Christopher_Bond,MOSenator_James_Talent,
Thad_Cochran,MSSenator_Trent_Lott,MTSenator_Max_Baucus,
MTSenator_Conrad_Burns,NCSenator_Elizabeth_Dole,NCSenator_John_Edwards,
NDSenator_Kent_Conrad,NDSenator_Byron_Dorgan,NESenator_Ben_Nelson,
NESenator_Chuck_Hagel,NHSenator_John_Sununu,NHSenator_Judd_Gregg,
NJSenator_Frank_Lautenberg,NJSenator_Jon_Corzine,NMSenator_Pete_Domenici,
NMSenator_Jeff_Bingaman,NVSenator_Harry_Reid,NVSenator_John_Ensign,
NYSenator_Charles_Schumer,NYSenator_Hillary_Clinton,OHSenator_George_Voinovich,
OHSenator_Mike_DeWine,OKSenator_Don_Nickles,OKSenator_James_Inhofe,ORSenator_Ron_Wyden,
ORSenator_Gordon_Smith,PASenator_Arlen_Specter,PASenator_Rick_Santorum,RISenator_Lincoln_Chafee,
RISenator_Jack_Reed,SCSenator_Lindsey_Graham,SCSenator_Ernest_Hollings,
SDSenator_Thomas_Daschle,SDSenator_Tim_Johnson,TNSenator_Lamar_Alexander,TNSenator_Bill_Frist,
TXSenator_John_Cornyn,TXSenator_Kay_Hutchison,UTSenator_Orrin_Hatch,UTSenator_Robert_Bennett,
VASenator_John_Warner,VASenator_George_Allen,VTSenator_James_Jeffords,VTSenator_Patrick_Leahy,
WASenator_Maria_Cantwell,WASenator_Patty_Murray,WISenator_Herb_Kohl,WISenator_Russell_Feingold,
WVSenator_Robert_Byrd,WVSenator_John_Rockefeller,WYSenator_Craig_Thomas,WYSenator_Michael_Enzi,
The public's increasing use of e-mail plus anthrax anxiety pushed the volume of e-mail going to
Congress up by 50 percent during 2001, according to the Congressional Management Foundation. House
and Senate offices received about 120 million e-mail messages this year, up from 80 million in 2000,
according to a survey by the foundation and the Congress Online Project.
Because of the discovery of anthrax in Capitol Hill offices and mail rooms, delivery of U.S. mail to all
House office buildings was temporarily suspended. All incoming mail to the Capitol complex now undergoes
irradiation for possible contaminants, a process which slows the delivery of mail.That means that any
constituent who sends a letter to my Washington office may experience a significant delay in response.
Anyone who would like to contact me may do so via phone, email or through one of my district offices.Be
advised that mail coming to my Washington D.C. office will have delays, as our mail continues to be
screened due to last year's anthrax letters. If you need immediate assistance please contact my District
Offices.The enacting clause was prescribed by law in 1871 and is identical in all bills,
whether they originate in the House of Representatives or in the Senate. Bills may originate in either
the House of Representatives or the Senate with one notable exception provided in the Constitution.
of the Constitution provides that all bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of
Representatives but that the Senate may propose or concur with amendments. By tradition, general
appropriation bills also originate in the House of Representatives.There are two types of bills -- public and private.
A public bill is one that affects the public generally. A bill that affects a specified individual or a private
entity rather than the population at large is called a private bill. A typical private bill is used for relief i
n matters such as immigration and naturalization and claims against the United States.
A bill originating in the House of Representatives is designated by the letters "H.R." followed by a
number that it retains throughout all its parliamentary stages. The letters signify House of Representatives and
not, as is sometimes incorrectly assumed, House resolution. A Senate bill is designated by the letter S. followed
by its number. The term companion bill is used to describe a bill introduced in one House of Congress that is
similar or identical to a bill introduced in the other House of Congress.A bill that has been agreed to in
identical form by both bodies becomes the law of the land only after --Presidential approval; or failure by
the President to return it with objections to the House in which it originated within 10 days while Congress is in session;
or the overriding of a presidential veto by a two-thirds vote in each House.Congressional Record.