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5:06 am

Sat September 8, 2012

Looking To 'Future,' Ga. Schools Require Mandarin

Instructor Huiling Li encourages second-grader Trinity Faulkner on the first day of Mandarin Chinese classes at Brookdale Elementary School in Macon, Ga.

Adam Ragusea for NPR

Public schools in Macon, Ga., and surrounding Bibb County have a lot of problems. Most of the 25,000 students are poor enough to qualify for free and reduced lunch, and about half don't graduate.

Bibb County's Haitian-born superintendent Romain Dallemand came into the job last year with a bag of changes he calls "The Macon Miracle." There are now longer schools days, year-round instruction, and one mandate nobody saw coming: Mandarin Chinese for every student, pre-K through 12th grade.

"Students who are in elementary school today, by 2050 they'll be at the pinnacle of their career," Dallemand says. "They will live in a world where China and India will have 50 percent of the world GDP. They will live in a world where, if they cannot function successfully in the Asian culture, they will pay a heavy price."

This school year, Dallemand is rolling out Mandarin in stages, a few sessions a week, with the youngest kids starting first. In three years, it will be at every grade level.

Chinese Isn't Just For High Achievers

Instructors and other young teachers from China are being provided to Bibb County schools by a nearby Confucius Institute, one of a number of nonprofit cultural centers partially funded by the Chinese government. Beijing wants to spread Mandarin abroad, and at just $16,000 per instructor per year, the price is right for Dallemand.

"Well, it's a win-win for everyone," he says.

But not everyone in Bibb County sees it that way.

Some parents see a Communist regime enacting its geopolitical agenda on their children. The more common critique, however, is not political. It is the practical concern.

"Bibb County is not known for producing the highest-achieving graduates," says Macon resident Dina McDonald. "You'll see that many of them can't even speak basic English."

McDonald herself has a ninth-grader in the public schools and says she can imagine some students going into fields where Mandarin could be useful, like international business, technology or law. But with lower achievers, she says, "Do you want to teach them how to say, 'Do you want fries with that?' in Mandarin?"

Dallemand would rather ask what kind of education should be provided for every single student — not just some of them.

"We believe that every child can be successful if the adults around them create the conditions for them to be successful," he says.

Why Not Spanish?

Brazilian-born Marina Spears and her husband, Eric, are also Bibb County parents, and they agree that fluency in the languages of emerging economies is important. Their kids already speak Portuguese at home.

"We are obviously for a foreign language," Marina Spears says. "[But] I think in a perfect world, we would have been given the choice."

If parents insist, there is an opt-out provision for the Mandarin curriculum, but that's not the kind of choice they're talking about.

"While we do know that Mandarin is a critical language, another critical language here in the United States is Spanish," Eric Spears says.

Bibb high schools will continue to offer Spanish and French on top of Mandarin, but for most of the elementary kids, it's Chinese or nothing. Considering the Hispanic population doubled in Georgia over the last census period, the "Why not Spanish?" question is one Dallemand gets a lot.

"My wife is a Latina, and so I fully understand," he says. But "it is important for communities to educate our children for their future, not our past."

For that future, Dallemand says, there is no choice but Mandarin Chinese.

As the world changes, so have the foreign language offerings at U.S. schools. It's not just German, Spanish and French anymore. Increasingly, it's Mandarin Chinese, and that makes sense. No language on earth has more native speakers. But this fall, administrators at one public school system are requiring Mandarin instruction for each and every student. From Georgia Public Broadcasting, Adam Ragusea reports.

ADAM RAGUSEA, BYLINE: Public schools in Macon, Georgia and surrounding Bibb County have a lot of problems. Most of the 25,000 students are poor enough to qualify for free and reduced lunch, half don't graduate. Enter Romain Dallemand, Bibb County's Haitian-born superintendent who came into the job last year with a bag of reforms he calls the Macon Miracle. Longer schools days, year-round instruction, and the one nobody saw coming - Mandarin Chinese for every student, pre-K through 12th grade.

ROMAIN DALLEMAND: Students who are in elementary school today, by 2050 they'll be at the pinnacle of their career. They will live in a world where China and India will have 50 percent of the world GDP. They will live in a world where if they cannot function successfully in the Asian culture, they will pay a heavy price.

HUILING LI: Oh, yes. All of them. And...

RAGUSEA: This school year, Dallemand starts rolling out Mandarin in stages, a few sessions a week, with the youngest kids starting first. In three years it'll be at every grade level.

LI: Zai.

GROUP: Zai.

LI: Zai.

GROUP: Zai.

RAGUSEA: Instructor Huiling Li stands in front of wide-eyed second graders, confidently slashing the air to indicate a falling tone.

GROUP: Zai jian.

LI: Zai jian.

GROUP: Zai jian.

LI: And zai jian means?

GROUP: Goodbye.

LI: Goodbye, yes, goodbye.

RAGUSEA: Li and other young teachers from China are being provided to Bibb County schools by a nearby Confucius Institute, non-profit cultural centers partially funded by the Chinese government. Beijing wants to spread Mandarin abroad, and at just $16,000 per instructor per year, the price is right for Superintendent Dallemand.

DALLEMAND: Well, it's a win-win for everyone.

RAGUSEA: Though not everyone here sees it that way. Some parents see a communist regime enacting its geopolitical agenda on their children. The more common critique however is not political. It's the practical concern Dina McDonald shares from her front porch in Macon.

DINA MCDONALD: Bibb County is not known for producing the highest achieving graduates. You'll see that many of them can't even speak basic English.

RAGUSEA: McDonald herself has a 9th grader in the public schools and says she can imagine some students going into fields where Mandarin could be useful.

MCDONALD: In international business or technology or law.

RAGUSEA: But with lower achievers...

MCDONALD: Do you want to teach them how to say do you want fries with that in Mandarin?

DALLEMAND: The question is, what kind of education should we provide every single one of our students?

RAGUSEA: Again, Superintendent Dallemand.

DALLEMAND: Not some, but all of our students. We believe that every child can be successful if the adults around them create the conditions for them to be successful.

MARINA SPEARS: (Foreign language spoken)

RAGUSEA: Brazilian-born Marina Spears and her husband Eric are also Bibb County parents, and they agree: fluency in the languages of emerging economies is key. Their kids already speak Portuguese at home.

SPEARS: We are obviously for a foreign language. I think in a perfect world, we would have been given the choice.

RAGUSEA: If parents insist, there is an opt-out provision for the Mandarin curriculum, but that's not the kind of choice they're talking about.

ERIC SPEARS: While we do know that Mandarin is a critical language, another critical language here in the United States is Spanish, with our changing demographics.

RAGUSEA: And Bibb high schools will continue to offer Spanish and French on top of the Mandarin, but for most of the elementary kids, it's Chinese or nada. Considering the Hispanic population doubled in Georgia over the last census period, the why not Spanish question is one Superintendent Dallemand gets a lot.

DALLEMAND: My wife is a Latina, and so I fully understand.

RAGUSEA: But he responds with a sentiment borrowed from former World Bank president James Wolfensohn.

DALLEMAND: It is important for communities to educate our children for their future, not our past.

RAGUSEA: And for that future, Dallemand says there is no choice but Mandarin Chinese.