Decolonizing Methodologies : Research and Indigenous Peoples

9781856496247

1856496244

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Summary

From the vantage point of the colonized, the term 'research' is inextricably linked with European colonialism; the ways in which scientific research has been implicated in the worst excesses of imperialism remains a powerful remembered history for many of the world's colonized peoples. Here, an indigenous researcher issues a clarion call for the decolonization of research methods. The book is divided into two parts. In the first, the author critically examines the historical and philosophical base of Western research. Extending the work of Foucault, she explores the intersections of imperialism, knowledge and research, and the different ways in which imperialism is embedded in disciplines of knowledge and methodologies as 'regimes of truth'. Providing a history of knowledge from the Enlightenment to Postcoloniality, she also discusses the fate of concepts such as 'discovery, 'claiming' and 'naming' through which the west has incorporated and continues to incorporate the indigenous world within its own web. The second part of the book meets the urgent need for people who are carrying out their own research projects, for literature which validates their frustrations in dealing with various western paradigms, academic traditions and methodologies, which continue to position the indigenous as 'Other'. In setting an agenda for planning and implementing indigenous research, the author shows how such programmes are part of the wider project of reclaiming control over indigenous ways of knowing and being. Exploring the broad range of issues which have confronted, and continue to confront, indigenous peoples, in their encounters with western knowledge, this book also sets a standard for truly emancipatory research. It brilliantly demonstrates that 'when indigenous peoples become the researchers and not merely the researched, the activity of research is transformed.'

Author Biography

Linda Tuhiwai Smith is an Associate Professor in Education and Director of the International Research Institute for Maori and Indigenous Education at the University of Auckland.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements

ix

Introduction

1

(18)

Imperialism, History, Writing and Theory

19

(23)

Imperialism

20

(5)

On being human

25

(3)

Writing history and theory

28

(1)

Is history important for indigenous peoples?

29

(4)

Contested histories

33

(2)

Is writing important for indigenous peoples?

35

(2)

Writing theory

37

(5)

Research Through Imperial Eyes

42

(16)

The cultural formations of Western research

43

(2)

The intersections of race and gender

45

(2)

Conceptualizations of the individual and society

47

(3)

Conceptions of space

50

(3)

Conceptions of time

53

(5)

Colonizing Knowledges

58

(20)

Establishing the positional superiority of Western knowledge

59

(6)

Colonizing the disciplines

65

(3)

Disciplining the colonized

68

(1)

Colonialism and `Native' intellectuals

69

(3)

The `authentic, essentialist, deeply spiritual' Other

72

(6)

Research Adventures on Indigenous Lands

78

(17)

They came, They saw, They named, They claimed

80

(3)

On the road to ... research

83

(2)

Organizing research

85

(3)

Trading the Other

88

(2)

Defining the indigenous `problem'

90

(5)

Notes from Down Under

95

(12)

The end of one part the beginning of another

95

(2)

The new language of imperialism

97

(2)

Ten ways to be researched (colonized)

99

(4)

The new millenium

103

(4)

The Indigenous People's Project: Setting a New Agenda

107

(16)

The social movement of indigenous peoples

108

(4)

International mobilization

112

(3)

An agenda for indigenous research

115

(3)

Ethical research protocols

118

(5)

Articulating an Indigenous Research Agenda

123

(19)

Community research

125

(3)

Tribal research

128

(1)

The case study of an indigenous research initiative

129

(5)

Training indigenous researchers

134

(3)

Insider/Outsider research

137

(5)

Twenty-five Indigenous Projects

142

(21)

The Projects

143

(18)

Claiming

143

(1)

Testimonies

144

(1)

Story-telling

144

(1)

Celebrating survival

145

(1)

Remembering

146

(1)

Indigenizing

146

(1)

Intervening

147

(1)

Revitalizing

147

(1)

Connecting

148

(1)

Reading

149

(1)

Writing

149

(1)

Representing

150

(1)

Gendering

151

(1)

Envisioning

152

(1)

Reframing

153

(1)

Restoring

154

(1)

Returning

155

(1)

Democratizing

156

(1)

Networking

156

(1)

Naming

157

(1)

Protecting

158

(1)

Creating

158

(1)

Negotiating

159

(1)

Discovering

160

(1)

Sharing

160

(1)

Summary

161

(2)

Responding to the Imperatives of an Indigenous Agenda: A Case Study of Maori