Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 calls on the global community to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all by 2030. Savings from the reform of inefficient fossil fuel subsidies could invested to get on target for many development goals—not least, those on energy access. This paper by IISD’s Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) reviews the financial implications of fossil fuel subsidies and takes a closer look at how reforming fossil fuel consumption subsidies could interact with the energy access goal. The report is available to download on the IISD website.