LUBBOCK – Water is a continuous concern for dairy producers, whether used for cows or crops, and management information was shared with those attending the recent High Plains Dairy Conference in Lubbock.

Too much rain or too little can affect drylot dairies that offer shade for the cows but also open corral areas. (Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter)

“Our dairy producers are very concerned about how much water they use, both for the cows and the crops they produce,” said Dr. Ellen Jordan, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service dairy specialist in Dallas and coordinator of the program.

The High Plains Dairy Conference was open to dairy producers from Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma and New Mexico, in addition to Texas, Jordan said. Approximately 280 people attended this year’s conference.

“These dairy producers are looking for ways to conserve water throughout their facilities and farmland,” she said. “They are also very interested in the weather and forecast, not only for their crops but so they can manage the environment for the comfort of their cows.”

Dr. Dana Porter, AgriLife Extension agricultural engineering water management specialist in Lubbock, told the crowd the first thing they need to do is familiarize themselves with all of the water information resources, including the Texas Water Development Board, local groundwater districts, the U.S. Geological Society or their state Extension service.

Water is important for both crops and cows on a dairy. (Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter)

These are good sources for information concerning water supply, demand, development, saturated thickness, water quality and the history for water on any given property, Porter said.

“They can let you see if salinity is likely to be a problem, and what the alternate sources of water might look like in secondary aquifers,” she said. “Just remember these local, regional, state and federal resources have a lot of answers for you.”

Porter also talked about managing their water through irrigation technologies.

“What fits best and what works best depends on each operation,” she said.

Key concerns when selecting the right irrigation system, Porter said, will be water capacity, field layout, crop rotation, management and labor, energy availability and economic feasibility.

“The challenge is to maintain productivity or increase it with limited water resources,” she said. “Advanced technology is available, but it is important to understand the best management practices to help mitigate the effects of declining water resources and adoption of the appropriate technologies.

“Regardless of our tool selection, we want to make sure we manage and maintain our irrigation system well, and have accurate knowledge of crop water requirements and soil-water-atmosphere relationships,” Porter said.

Additionally, dairy producers, especially in the High Plains, need to know what alternative water sources they have, such as the Dockum aquifer, and be able to address the salinity concerns that may come with using that water.

They will need to know about salt-tolerant crops and protecting equipment from chemical precipitation and corrosion, she said, as well as the drinking water quality for the animals and concerns if there is too much salt content.

Overall, she said, a lot of resources are dedicated to collecting and disseminating information about water supplies. Producers should take advantage of the information available.

John Nielsen-Gammon’s message to the dairy producers was one of “what’s next” in the way of weather. Nielsen-Gammon is the state climatologist and Regents Professor at Texas A&M University, College Station.

“We have lots of people asking what happened to El Nino,” Nielson-Gammon said. “We’ve had areas that have been extremely wet while others have been dry and spotty. Kansas and Colorado along with parts of Oklahoma are extremely dry. It’s been a quite variable year.”

The current El Nino is the third strongest on record. But he pointed out that what has happened with the strongest two El Ninos is not the same as if the top 12 are averaged.

Looking back at past El Ninos, the two stronger ones were both associated with wetter than normal conditions along the coasts and drier conditions through the middle of the U.S. Others were associated with much wetter conditions across Texas and the surrounding states.

The top 12 strongest show that moisture typically begins picking up in March in this region, Nielson-Gammon said. It will vary from month to month on any given El Nino, but most follow a similar pattern.

“We never really get a super wet January or February,” he said. “In the overall pattern going forward, we’re not sure which category this El Nino is going to fall into. We can expect an average of an additional inch or so of rainfall when you look at the top 12.”

Computer models at this time are indecisive, not showing any area particularly wetter or drier than normal, Nielson-Gammon said, “So there’s equal chances it could go either way.”

“Right now,” he said, “there are no good useful forecasts of summer rainfall. It looks like we can expect much of the nation to be warmer than normal. Summer, therefore, is a toss-up.”

Jordan said producers watch both short and long-term forecasts to know how to allocate their labor and corral management.

For more information regarding news from the Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, please contact Maggie Tucker at maggie.tucker@tamu.edu or (979) 845-1542.