Windows by default are vulnerable to several vulnerabilities that could allow an attacker to execute malicious code in order to abuse a system. From the other side patching systems sufficiently is one of the main problems in security. Even if an organization has a patching policy in place if important patches are not implemented immediately this can still give short window to an attacker to exploit a vulnerability and escalate his privileges inside a system and therefore inside the network.

This article will discuss how to identify missing patches related to privilege escalation and the necessary code to exploit the issue.

Discovery of Missing Patches

The discovery of missing patches can be identified easily either through manual methods or automatic. Manually this can be done easily be executing the following command which will enumerate all the installed patches.

wmic qfe get Caption,Description,HotFixID,InstalledOn

The output will be similar to this:

Enumeration of Installed Patches

The HotFixID can be used in correlation with the table below in order to discover any missing patches related to privilege escalation. As the focus is on privilege escalation the command can be modified slightly to discover patches based on the KB number.

Alternatively this can be done automatically via Metasploit, Credential Nessus Scan or via a custom script that will look for missing patches related to privilege escalation.

Metasploit

There is a Metasploit module which can quickly identify any missing patches based on the Knowledge Base number and specifically patches for which there is a Metasploit module.

post/windows/gather/enum_patches

Metasploit – Patches Enumeration

Windows Exploit Suggester

Gotham Digital Security released a tool with the name Windows Exploit Suggester which compares the patch level of a system against the Microsoft vulnerability database and can be used to identify those exploits that could lead to privilege escalation. The only requirement is that requires the system information from the target.

Windows Exploit Suggester

PowerShell

There is also a PowerShell script which target to identify patches that can lead to privilege escalation. This script is called Sherlock and it will check a system for the following:

MS10-015 : User Mode to Ring (KiTrap0D)

MS10-092 : Task Scheduler

MS13-053 : NTUserMessageCall Win32k Kernel Pool Overflow

MS13-081 : TrackPopupMenuEx Win32k NULL Page

MS14-058 : TrackPopupMenu Win32k Null Pointer Dereference

MS15-051 : ClientCopyImage Win32k

MS15-078 : Font Driver Buffer Overflow

MS16-016 : ‘mrxdav.sys’ WebDAV

MS16-032 : Secondary Logon Handle

CVE-2017-7199 : Nessus Agent 6.6.2 – 6.10.3 Priv Esc

The output of this tool can be seen below:

Sherlock – Missing Patches

Sherlock – Identification of Privilege Escalation Patches

Privilege Escalation Table

The following table has been compiled to assist in the process of privilege escalation due to lack of sufficient patching.