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In vivo dGEMRIC was validated in two ways: First, patients were imaged
before total knee replacement surgery; the joint was then obtained for
ex-vivo dGEMRIC (already validated against histology), and then with
histology directly. An example is shown in Figure 1. Secondly, a dGEMRIC
image was taken with the regular Gd(DTPA)2- contrast agent, and then
repeated (within a week or so) with a non-ionic contrast agent GdHPDO3A.
The two contrast agents have similar MW. The uniform distribution of the
non-ionic contrast agent provides further evidence that the non-homogeneous
distribution of the ionic contrast agent (Figure 2) is due to the
distribution of charge, or GAG concentration in the tissue.