The gonadal arteries are paired vessels that usually originate from the abdominal aorta at the level of second lumbar vertebra. In 5-20% of cases, the gonadal artery has a high origin (superior to L2) and in 5-6% of cases it originates from the main or accessory renal artery. The latter ...

Mild renal insufficiency is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both a decline in GFR and (micro)albuminuria are associated with greater cardiovascular mortality. In ESRD, arterial stiffness, an important cause of CVD, is known to be greater, but few data exist in individuals with mild renal insufficiency or microalbuminuria. ...

The optimal management of patients with combined ischemic and/or valvular heart disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm is still a matter of debate. A 60-year-old woman presented with a large infra-renal aortic aneurysm. Preoperative workup revealed ischemic cardiomyopathy and aortic regurgitation. She was submitted to one-stage aneurysm repair and complex heart ...

Suprarenal fixation by means of proximal bare stent may help prevent endograft migration and proximal endoleak. It seems not to compromise renal perfusion and function; however, it is still unclear whether its presence is in conflict with stenting of the renal arteries to treat associated renal stenosis. We report five ...

Fibromuscular dysplasia typically occurs in young women and most commonly presents with hypertension, transient ischemic attack, stroke, or an asymptomatic cervical bruit. The disease is nonatherosclerotic and noninflammatory and most often affects the renal and carotid arteries, although almost any artery can be involved. On angiography, affected blood vessels characteristically ...

Renal artery stenosis is a consequence of generalized atherosclerosis and many specialists perform routine selective renal angiography to detect and treat renal artery stenosis. The incidence of clinically important renal artery stenosis is not well defined in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. The purpose of this study was to ...

Renal artery aneurysm is a rare condition, but its incidence has increased through discovery because of improved imaging techniques. However, a therapeutic approach for renal artery aneurysm has not been established. We report the case of a 58-year-old female who had developed hypertension at 52 years of age and was ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the tardus-parvus pattern between atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS) and to explore the causes of these differences. METHODS: In 81 patients, including a nonatherosclerotic group (29 cases of Takayasu arteritis and 22 cases of fibromuscular dysplasia) ...

Renal artery occlusion after blunt trauma is a rare occurrence, and the optimal treatment for this condition has not been established. To our knowledge, endovascular repair for blunt renal artery occlusion in a solitary kidney has not been described in the literature. This case report describes a 42-year-old woman with ...

A circulation model was created in 6 nonaneurysmal human cadavers to evaluate the deliverability, deployment, and acute performance of a modular branched endograft system for treatment of aortic aneurysms containing essential branch vessels. Two fenestrations were created in an appropriately sized aortic main endograft. Under fluoroscopic guidance, the main endograft ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of renal artery aneurysms, and to assess the value of multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) in diagnosing renal artery aneurysms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Altogether, 862 patients underwent arterial-phase contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen in the period November 2003 to October 2005. A search for renal ...

The management of renal artery stenosis in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms continues to be complex and technically challenging despite advances in endovascular therapy. There is growing concern about the durability of renal artery stents in the setting of transrenal abdominal aortic endografts. This study reports a single-center experience of ...

We wanted to determine whether transcatheter Ethiodol-based capillary embolization in combination with carboplatin could improve the efficiency of a 1:1 Ethiodol-ethanol mixture (EEM) to ablate kidneys that been inoculated with VX-2 carcinoma. The right kidney in 34 New Zealand white rabbits were inoculated with fresh VX-2 tumor fragments. One week ...

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory vascular disease. FMD of the renal arteries is one of the leading causes of curable hypertension. The simultaneous occurrence of FMD and renal artery aneurysm has been described previously. In this case, we present a fibrodysplastic lesion and an aneurysm in a renal ...

Aneurysms of the renal artery are rare and have an estimated incidence of 0.09% in the general population. They may be diagnosed incidentally or during the evaluation of related symptoms. They may be followed up or treated either surgically or endovascularly. We present a successful percutaneous treatment of a renal ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) has emerged as a minimally invasive treatment for small renal masses. The most common complications include hemorrhage and urinary-fistula formulation. Renal-artery pseudoaneurysm has been described after open nephron-sparing surgery. We present two cases of renal-artery aneurysm following LPN. CASE REPORTS: Two patients with ...

Renal artery stenosis is a common cause (1-6%) of secondary hypertension. Renal artery stenting has recently been employed as an adjunct to antihypertensive medication. We evaluated 92 patients who underwent renal angiography of whom 30 were stented. There was a reduction (p < 0.01) in blood pressure immediately post renal ...

Our aim was to treat a clinically silent renal artery aneurysm. The patient was a 76-year-old man with elevated prostate-specific antigen and prostate biopsies with a grade II-III adenocarcinoma who was incidentally found to have an aneurysm in his right renal artery. We performed a successful transcatheter embolization of the ...

Renovascular disease is an important cause of secondary hypertension in children. In contrary to the adult patients whose major cause of renal artery stenosis (RAS) is atherosclerosis, fibromuscular dysplasia is responsible for the renovascular hypertension in most children. Mid-aortic syndrome (MAS) is a rare abnormality referring to an isolated disease ...

BACKGROUND: In order to successfully perform aggressive cytoreductive surgery for patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer, resection of retroperitoneal disease in close proximity to major vessels is often required. CASE: We describe a case of a 44-year-old female patient with a history of Stage IV carcinoma of the ovary, who ...

Although intraoperative hemorrhage is a well-recognized complication of open partial nephrectomy, postoperative hemorrhage caused by a renal artery pseudoaneurysm (RAP) after open partial nephrectomy is rare. We presented a case of RAP occurring in an 84-year-old man 3 weeks after right open partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. The pseudoaneurysmal ...

We describe the case of a 40-year-old woman who presented with a pararenal hyaline-vascular type Castleman's disease that had an arterial supply from the renal artery and a draining vein as showed by multidetector CT. Identification of the renal artery relationship to the feeding vessel of the mass is critical ...

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound evaluation of the abdominal aorta and its branches is usually performed transabdominally. Not infrequently, the image quality is suboptimal. Recently, an intracardiac echocardiography probe has become commercially available. These probes are usually inserted intravenously and advanced to the right heart for diagnostic and monitoring purposes during procedures such ...

We report an infant with known unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) who underwent renal ultrasonography and Doppler spectral waveform analysis for investigation of hypertension. A tardus-parvus waveform was demonstrated in the renal artery on the normal side suggesting either renal artery or more proximal stenosis. Coarctation of the aorta was ...

Renovascular hypertension is defined as hypertension caused by renal artery stenosis. The two main etiologies are atherosclerosis and fibromuscular dysplasia. Fibromuscular dysplasia in an accessory renal artery as a cause of renovascular hypertension is uncommon. In this report, we present a relatively uncommon case of renovascular hypertension in a 35-year-old ...

A case of giant renal artery aneurysm in a 63-year-old man is presented. Renal artery aneurysms are rare (incidence of <1%) and this case is one of the largest giant renal artery aneurysms recorded in the literature. This case also demonstrates the value of multidetector spiral CT renal angiography (CTA) ...

According to general knowledge, the suprarenal gland is supplied by three sources: the phrenic artery, the abdominal aorta and the renal artery. Since the gland lacks a hilus, and particularly because of its clinical importance, anatomical arterial sources and branching is still not uniform and it needs to be determined ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Multidetector CT angiography (MDCTA) is being used increasingly to evaluate vascular anatomy prior to donor nephrectomy. To improve the ability of MDCTA to predict donor renal anatomy, a novel protocol including four-phase imaging with three-dimensional reconstruction and maximum intensity projections (MIPs) was incorporated into the standard donor ...

The aortic aneurysm is a dilatation of the aortic wall which occurs in the saccular and fusiform types. The aortic aneurysms can rupture, if left untreated. The renal stenosis occurs when the flow of blood from the arteries leading to the kidneys is constricted by atherosclerotic plaque. This narrowing may ...

Although vascular involvement in type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) is rare, it may lead to renal artery stenosis and renovascular hypertension (RVH). RVH may be treated using antihypertensive drugs, percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA), surgical reconstruction of the renal artery, or nefrectomy. In NF1 the results of PTRA are less predictable ...

BACKGROUND: Aorta Coarctation (AC) is uncommon condition that in most adult patients is asymptomatic. Diagnosis of AC is made during routine physical examination by detection of Blood Pressure (BP) difference between arm and leg. AIM: To describe a novel renal artery Doppler flow pattern pathognomonic of aortic coarctation. METHODS: We ...

Relaxin is emerging as a hormone with important vascular actions. Much of our recently gained knowledge of relaxin in this context has stemmed from investigations of maternal vascular adaptations to pregnancy in which the hormone is turning out to be an important mediator. This chapter is separated into three parts. ...

Variations in the origin of arteries in the abdomen are very common but with the invention of new operative techniques within the abdominal cavity, the anatomy of abdominal vessels has assumed much more clinical importance. During routine dissection of the abdominal cavity, we came across multiple arterial anomalies involving testicular ...

During a gross anatomy course at Kurume University School of Medicine in 2001, an anomaly of the kidneys was found. The lower ends of the kidneys were fused by a renal substance and formed a horseshoe kidney located ventral to the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. Both renal hila ...

The current observations have documented rare vascular anomalies in the right and left kidneys from a male and female cadaver, respectively. In the female left kidney in addition to being supplied by the normal renal artery and vein it contained a left lower polar renal artery and vein. The polar ...

A 57-year-old woman was hospitalized with a left renal artery aneurysm (RAA). The aneurysm measured 35 mm in diameter and was located at the renal artery bifurcation. We performed a laparoscopic nephrectomy using a retroperitoneal approach and performed an ex vivo repair of the renal artery. The reconstructed kidney was ...

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), formerly called fibromuscular fibroplasia, is a group of nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory arterial diseases that most commonly involve the renal and carotid arteries. The prevalence of symptomatic renal artery FMD is about 4/1000 and the prevalence of cervicocranial FMD is probably half that. Histological classification discriminates three main subtypes, ...

Renal infarction is a rare cause of acute abdominal and flank pain. Whether it occurs due to thrombosis or embolism, the occlusion of the renal arteries always results in renal infarction. Cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for arterial thrombosis. Both vasoconstrictor and pro-thrombotic effects of smoking lead to ...

We present a case of a 38-year-old Japanese man with Wegener's granulomatosis complicated with pulmonary-renal syndrome, i.e., diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage and rapidly progressive renal glomerulonephritis. As this is a life-threatening condition, we promptly initiated plasma exchange with intravenous methylprednisolone therapy. Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage and renal failure were markedly improved. This ...

We report the surgical repair of a case of mid-aortic syndrome (MAS) in a 17-year-old female patient. She was initially diagnosed with renovascular hypertension at the age of 12 years. Aortitis syndrome was suspected, and she has been treated with antihypertensive drugs since then. Angiography revealed severe stenosis of the ...

PURPOSE: To determine angiographically the origins and variations of renal arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 855 consecutive patients (163 females, 692 males; mean age, 61 years) living in the Cukurova region of Turkey, who underwent either aortofemoropopliteal (AFP) angiography for the investigation of peripheral arterial disease, or renal ...

The knowledge of vascular variations like other anatomical variations, is important during the operative, diagnostic, and endovascular procedures in abdomen. This report describes multiple variations in the upper abdominal vessels as found during the routine dissection in a 60-year-old male cadaver. The variations found were; presence of a celiaco-mesenterico-phrenic trunk, ...

Fibromuscular dysplasia is a noninflammatory vascular disease that commonly affects the distal two thirds of the renal artery and branch vessels, but occasionally involves other arteries. Progression of stenosis occurs in 16%-38% of renal arteries. Although the etiology is unknown, genetic studies suggest a relationship to the angiotensin-converting enzyme I ...

Relaxin is a 6 kDa protein hormone produced by the corpus luteum and secreted into the blood during pregnancy in rodents and humans. Growing evidence indicates that circulating relaxin causes vasodilatation and increases in arterial compliance, which may be among its most important actions during pregnancy. Here we investigated whether ...

Reno-vascular disease, along with diabetes mellitus, is the leading cause of dialysis in the elderly population, accounting for 50-66% of cases in patients above 65 years of age. Reno-vascular disease is a broad term, which includes renal artery stenosis, ischemic nephropathy, such as atherosclerotic obstruction, thrombo-embolic phenomenon, nephrosclerosis secondary to ...

Dissection of a renal artery is rare and, in most cases, associated with underlying arterial diseases. Spontaneous renal artery dissection (RAD) is exceptional. We report the case of a young and otherwise healthy man with an isolated dissection of the right renal artery without any obvious origin. Diagnosis was made ...

Surgical treatment of pararenal aortic aneurysms, if compared to open surgical repair of infrarenal aneurysms, is technically more demanding and characterized by problems related to organ ischemia. To better define challenges, risks, and results, we analyzed our experience with the treatment of pararenal aortic aneurysms. Between January 1993 and March ...