...from Hell is a one-hour ITV documentary shown in the United Kingdom on a semi-regular basis. It discusses and shows real-life footage of the experiences that people (mainly the British public) have witnessed on the subject of programme. For example, Weddings from Hell.

The programme began on 14 July 1997 with Neighbours from Hell. This was originally a one-off documentary to compete against the BBC with their current boom of docusoaps including Airport and The Cruise. This was soon followed up with the popular Holidays from Hell. The two aforementioned programmes are the most well known of the series.

The documentary was originally best noted for its dramatic 'flame-filled' title sequence, indicating a situation that could have originated literally 'from hell'.

These programmes first aired on ITV Network and some are often broadcast each year. They are occasionally repeated on ITV2. American versions of the show were shown on The Learning Channel in 2001 and 2002.

1.
From Hell letter
–
The From Hell letter is a letter that was posted in 1888, along with half a human kidney, by a person who claimed to be the serial killer known as Jack the Ripper. The exact number of victims has never been proven. Postmarked on 15 October 1888, the letter was received by George Lusk, the chairmen of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee, the message was accompanied by a preserved section of a human kidney, the letters writer claimed to have eaten the other half of the organ. Opinions on the matter have remained divided, several fictional works have referred to the Lusk letter, an example being the thriller novel Dust and Shadow. The text of the reads, From hell. Mr Lusk, Sor I send you half the Kidne I took from one woman and prasarved it for you tother piece I fried and ate it was very nise. I may send you the bloody knif that took it out if you only wate a whil longer signed Catch me when you can Mishter Lusk Tother is a grammatically-substandard, regional expression meaning the other. The original letter, as well as the kidney that accompanied it, have subsequently been lost along with items that were originally contained within the Ripper police files. The image shown here is from a photograph taken before the loss, the grotesque mutilation of Nichols and later victims were generally described as involving their bodies ripped up and residents spoke of their worries of a ripper or high rip gang. However, the identification of the killer as Jack the Ripper did not take place until after 27 September, when the offices of Central News Ltd received the Dear Boss letter. The messages writer listed Jack the Ripper as his name and vowed to continue killing until arrested. While the newsmen considered the letter a mere joke, they decided after two days to notify Scotland Yard of the matter, the double murder of Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes took place the night that the police received the Dear Boss letter. The Central News people received a second communication known as the Saucy Jacky postcard on 1 October 1888, the day after the murder. Copies of both messages were posted to the public in the hopes that the writing style would be recognised. Its author did not sign it with the Jack the Ripper pseudonym, distinguishing it from the earlier Dear Boss, the handwriting of the earlier two messages mentioned are also similar to each other while being dissimilar to the one made From Hell. The From Hell letter is written at a much lower literacy level than the other two, featuring several errors in spelling and grammar. Scholars have debated whether this is a deliberate misdirection, as the author observed the silent k in knif, opinions of those that have looked into the case are divided. Scotland Yard had reason to doubt the validity of the latter yet ultimately did not take action against suspected reporters

2.
From Hell
–
From Hell is a graphic novel by writer Alan Moore and artist Eddie Campbell, originally published in serial form from 1989 to 1996 and collected in 1999. Set during the Whitechapel murders of the late Victorian era, the novel speculates upon the identity, the novel depicts several true events of the murders, although portions have been fictionalised, particularly the identity of the killer and the precise nature and circumstances of the murders. The title is taken from the first words of the From Hell letter, the collected edition is 572 pages long. The 2000 and later editions are the most common prints, the comic was loosely adapted into a film of the same title, released in 2001. From Hell was originally serialized as one of features in Taboo. After running in Taboo #2–7, Moore and Campbell moved the project to its own series, published first by Tundra Publishing, then by Kitchen Sink Press. The series was published in ten volumes between 1991 and 1996, and an appendix, From Hell, The Dance of the Gull-catchers, was published in 1998, knights theories have been described as a good fictional read whose conclusions have been disproved numerous times. Moore and Campbell conducted significant research to ensure plausibility and verisimilitude, Moores opinions on the reliability of those references are also listed. Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence, also known as Prince Eddy, marries and fathers a child with Annie Crook, Prince Eddy had visited the area under an assumed name and Annie is unaware of her husbands royal position. Queen Victoria becomes aware of the marriage and has Albert separated forcibly from his wife, Victoria then instructs her royal physician Sir William Gull to impair Annies sanity, which he does by damaging or impairing her thyroid gland. The princes daughter is taken to Annie Crooks parents by the painter Walter Sickert, Crooks father believes the child to be his through an incestuous relationship with his daughter. Sickert reluctantly leaves the child with Crooks parents, after Queen Victoria learns of the blackmail attempt, Gull is once again enlisted, this time to silence the group of women who are threatening the crown. The police are complicit in the crimes — they are granted prior knowledge of Gulls intentions, Gull, a high-ranking Freemason, begins a campaign of violence against the five women, brutally murdering them with the aid of a carriage driver, John Netley. While targeting Mary Kelly, Gull also kills Catherine Eddowes, who was using Kellys name as an alias, as the killings progress, Gull becomes more and more psychologically unhinged, until he finally has a full psychic vision of the future while murdering Mary Kelly. The story also serves as a character study of Gull, exploring his personal philosophy and motivation. Gull takes Netley on a tour of London landmarks, expounding on their hidden mystical significance, later, Gull forces the semi-literate Netley to write the infamous From Hell letter which lends the work its title. Following this, several people write letters to the police claiming to be the murderer, Gull has a number of transcendent experiences in the course of the murders, culminating with a vivid vision of what London will be like a century after the last murder. It is implied that, through his activities, male dominance over femininity is assured

3.
Andrew Sachs
–
Andrew Sachs was a British actor. Born in Berlin, Germany, he and his emigrated to London in 1938 to escape persecution under the Nazis. He made his name on British television and rose to fame in the 1970s for his portrayals of the comical Spanish waiter Manuel in Fawlty Towers and he went on to have a long career in acting and voice-over work for TV, film and radio. In his later years, he continued to have success with roles in such as Quartet. Sachs was born in Berlin, Germany, the son of Katharina, a librarian, and Hans Emil Sachs and his father was Jewish and his mother was Catholic, and of half-Austrian descent. He left with his parents for Britain in 1938, when he was eight years old and they settled in north London, and he lived in Kilburn for the rest of his life. In 1960, Sachs married Melody Lang, who appeared in one episode of Fawlty Towers, Basil the Rat and he adopted her two sons from a previous marriage, John Sachs and William Sachs, and they had one daughter, Kate Sachs. Sachs began in acting with theatre and made his West End debut as Grobchick in the 1958 production of the Whitehall farce Simple Spymen. He made his debut in 1959 in the film The Night We Dropped a Clanger. He then appeared in numerous TV series throughout the 1960s, including appearances in ITC productions such as The Saint and Randall. Sachs is best known for his role as Manuel, the Spanish waiter in the sitcom Fawlty Towers, during the shooting of the Fawlty Towers episode The Germans, Sachs was left with second degree acid burns due to a fire stunt. He was hit with a faulty prop on the set of the show by John Cleese, Sachs recorded four singles in character as Manuel, the first was Manuels Good Food Guide in 1977, which came in a picture sleeve with Manuel on the cover. Sachs also had a hand in writing the lyrics and this was followed in 1979 by O Cheryl with Ode to England on the B side. This was recorded under the name Manuel and Los Por Favors, Sachs shares the writing credits for the B side with B. Wade, who wrote the A side. In 1981, Manuel released a version of Joe Dolces UK number one Shaddap You Face, with Waiter. Sachs also adapted Shaddap You Face into Spanish, but was prevented from releasing it before Dolces version by a court injunction, when finally released it reached 138 in the UK Chart. He also narrated several audio books, including C. S and he provided the voice of Puzzle the Donkey in the Focus on the Family production of The Last Battle by C. S. Lewis

4.
Ross Kemp
–
Ross Kemp is an English actor, author and BAFTA award-winning investigative journalist. He rose to prominence in the role of Grant Mitchell in the BBC soap opera EastEnders, since 2004, Kemp has received international recognition as an investigative journalist for his critically acclaimed and award-winning documentary series. After training at Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art, Kemp received his Equity card when appearing alongside John Thaw and Richard Wilson at the Palace Theatre and he went on to feature in training films for the Ministry of Defence and the ITV soap opera Emmerdale Farm as Graham Lodsworth. Guest appearances in Londons Burning and Birds of a Feather followed, kemps best-known role to date is that of hardman Grant Mitchell in the BBC soap opera EastEnders. Kemp announced in April 1999 that he would be leaving the later that year after nearly a decade. His exit was aired in October 1999 when his character moved to Brazil after surviving a car crash, Kemp refused to rule out an eventual return to EastEnders, and various media reports over the next few years speculated that he would be returning to the series at some stage. In early 2005, the BBC confirmed that Kemp would be returning to EastEnders later that year after six years away and it was co-star Barbara Windsor who convinced him to go back for a brief period. His first comeback lasted just a few weeks from the autumn of 2005. Kemp has won awards for his portrayal of Grant. In January 2016 it was confirmed that Kemp would make a return to the show for the death of Grants on-screen mother, Peggy Mitchell. He later filmed a further three weeks and returned again for brief stints from 4 July to 9 September 2016, following his initial departure from EastEnders, Kemp moved from the BBC to ITV for a reported £1.2 million two-year deal. Kemps first role for ITV was in Hero of the Hour, during its filming, on 27 October 1999, Kemp required hospital treatment after being shot in the face when a stunt went wrong. He suffered cuts to his chest and face after safety glass shattered and he was treated at the scene by paramedics, but made a full recovery. He also starred as the lead in ITVs Christmas edition of A Christmas Carol and he continued to appear in this role until 2006. He also gained the role of Cirra in the 2004 TV film, Kemp appeared in the 4th episode of Series 14 of BBCs motoring show Top Gear. He was the Man in Boot of a Renault Twingo Sport being tested by Jeremy Clarkson, the test ended with Clarkson driving the car off the quayside of Belfast Harbour, after which Clarkson joked that Kemp was killed. Initially focusing on tie-ins to his various TV documentaries,2011 saw the publication of his first fictional story, a novel, Moving Target, was released in summer 2012. Kemp was succeeded by Greg Hemphill, in 2011, he wrote an article in The Sun outlining his opposition to the alternative vote in the 2011 referendum on the subject

5.
Stephen Tompkinson
–
He won the 1994 British Comedy Award for Best TV Comedy Actor. He also starred in the films Brassed Off and Hotel Splendide, Tompkinson was born in Stockton-on-Tees, County Durham. Tompkinsons first lead was as a red admiral butterfly in The Plotters of Cabbage Patch Corner and he went on to train at the Central School of Speech and Drama in London, alongside James Nesbitt and Rufus Sewell, and graduated in 1988. Tompkinsons acting career began straight out of drama school, during his last year at the London School of Speech and Drama he won the 1987 Carleton Hobbs Bursary Award and had roles in radio dramas. Along with Ewan Bailey, he performed a radio drama titled Say What You Want to Hear, written by Tim Wright. His narrated radio documentaries include Brass Britain, which aired in 2008 and was reprised in 2010 on BBC Radio 2, in 1988, Tompkinson appeared with Ken Goodwin and Freddie Davies in a Channel 4 short titled Treacle. It received a 1988 BAFTA nomination in the category of Best Short Film, during the next few years he was cast in several single-episode parts on All at No 20, Shelley, After Henry, Casualty, Made in Heaven, and Boon. He also played in three episodes of The Manageress, three episodes of Tales of Sherwood Forest, nine episodes of Chancer, and nine episodes of Minder, also in 1989 he appeared in his first full-length made-for-TV movie. Based on a 1977 play by C. P, Taylor, And a Nightingale Sang was a romantic comedy-drama adapted for television by Jack Rosenthal. It received the 1990 Prix Europa Special award for the film in the category TV Fiction, between 1990 and 1998, Tompkinson starred in 66 episodes of the satirical comedy Drop The Dead Donkey. He played the ambitious but unethical reporter Damien Day, and won the 1994 British Comedy Awards Best TV Comedy Actor award. In 1994, he was Private Simon Spock Matlock, a teacher and intellectual in BBC comedy drama All Quiet on the Preston Front, written by Tim Firth. Alistair McGowan replaced him after the first series because Tompkinson had other commitments and that same year he was in Downwardly Mobile – a Yorkshire Television sitcom about a group of Yuppies – aired for one season but failed to make an impression and was not recommissioned. From 1996 to 1998 he portrayed, in the popular Ballykissangel, in 1998 he starred as Jim Harper in the three-part ITV psychological thriller Oktober, about a naive English teacher at a posh school in Switzerland. His character becomes a guinea pig in the trials of a new mind-altering drug and he says that I grabbed this project because Id never been asked to do anything like this before. And the chance to do stunts was one reason it was so appealing, Tompkinsons performance was praised by James Rampton of The Independent, It is Tompkinson who – despite having the less showy part – really catches the eye. In the shadow of a more successful brother and a wife, he precisely captures an air of despondent. Like Eeyore, he seems to be pursued by his own personal raincloud, Tompkinson is an actor whos become a winner by playing the loser. Trevor can be added to the actors growing gallery of characters whom viewers watch and think, I know that bloke

6.
Richard Armitage (actor)
–
Richard Crispin Armitage is an English film, television, theatre and voice actor. He received notice in the UK with his first leading role as John Thornton in the British television programme North & South, but it was his role as dwarf prince and leader Thorin Oakenshield in Peter Jacksons film trilogy adaptation of The Hobbit that first brought him international recognition. After graduating from the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art and he turned to film and television roles when he noticed that leading stage roles went to actors with name recognition who could bring in patrons to fill venues. After twelve years away and having earned that recognition, Armitage returned to the stage in 2014 taking his first leading role in a major production. He played John Proctor in the successful and critically acclaimed production of The Crucible at The Old Vic. One of Armitages trademarks is his voice, which he has employed as a voice actor since 2006. While working on the TV series Robin Hood, he was asked to record audiobooks for the first season of that series, since then, Armitage has recorded many notable audiobooks and has worked as a narrator on many TV and radio shows and adverts. Armitage was born in Leicester, England, the son of Margaret, a secretary, and John Armitage. Richard has a brother named Chris. He attended Huncote Community Primary School in Huncote, Blaby District, Leicestershire and began school at the local comprehensive school. At Brockington, Armitage pursued his interest in music - playing the cello in school and local orchestras, Armitage was also pursuing acting in dramatic theatre productions, including The Real Thing, Six Degrees of Separation and Death of a Salesman. By 1992, he began to doubt if musical theatre was the career path. I needed to do something a bit more truthful than musical theatre, for me it was a bit too theatrical and all about standing on stage and showing off. I was looking for something else, so that’s why I went back to drama school, in 2002 he starred in the Charm Offensives production of Use Me As Your Cardigan. That same year Armitage appeared in his first major television role and it was the first time I went to an audition in character. It was a role but it was something I really got my teeth into. I knew I had to approach everything the same way, after this he took supporting roles in the TV productions of Between the Sheets, Cold Feet, and Ultimate Force. In Spring 2004, Armitage landed his first leading role as textile mill owner John Thornton in the BBC adaptation of Elizabeth Gaskells North & South, the director and producers took a chance casting a little-known actor for their leading man, but their instincts proved correct

7.
ITV Studios
–
ITV Studios is a television production company owned by the British television broadcaster ITV plc. It is primarily based in Greater Manchester and London in the United Kingdom and it was formerly ITV Productions, and originally Granada Productions. ITV Studios not only makes programmes primarily for its parent company ITV plc, the division is also responsible for ITVs production facilities The London Studios, 3SixtyMedia, and location hire company ProVision. ITV Studios Global Entertainment is responsible for sales of finished programmes, formats, programmes on non-ITV channels retained the Granada brand until 2009. Many of the programmes shown on ITV network show the end-board featuring the ITV Studios logo after the credits as of 2009, ITV Studios is a major commercial TV producer in the UK, creating over 3,500 hours of original programming each year across all genres except news. Its network programmes include Coronation Street, Emmerdale, Heartbeat, Marple and Agatha Christies Poirot, Brainiac, Science Abuse, parkinson, Ant & Decs Saturday Night Takeaway, Tonight, The Jeremy Kyle Show and This Morning. ITV Studios also produces programmes for other UK broadcasters outside of its own network and these include the BBC, Channel 4, Channel 5 and BSkyB. ITV Studios is based in London and Manchester, with the centre in Leeds now only home to Emmerdale, the production centres in Bristol and Norwich closed in 2006 and 2012 respectively. ITV Studios also owns So Television after acquiring Graham Nortons production company in 2012, on 22 April 2013, ITV announced they had acquired production company The Garden for £18 million, which is best known for producing Channel 4 series 24 Hours in A&E. In 2013, ITV launched a new company named Potato. 2016 sees ITV Studios secure a four-year British horse racing deal which will see the Cheltenham Festival, since 14 January 2013, the ITV logo has been added to the opening credits of the majority of ITV Studios-produced shows airing on ITVs channels, similar to the BBC. In 2004, a duopoly had formed, and Granada owned six franchises, Granada bought a 64% controlling stake and took over Carlton in 2004 with the amalgamation of ITV. Consequently, programmes produced by all divisions were referred to as A Granada Manchester Production, A Granada London Production, in 2006, Granada, in association with FremantleMedia North America, produced Gameshow Marathon, an American version of Ant & Decs Gameshow Marathon for CBS. The company was formerly Granada America but was re-branded in May 2009, ITV announced on 7 May 2014, the acquisition of Leftfield Entertainment Group, which produces shows such as Pawn Stars, Counting Cars and American Restoration. The company has its origins in production company Artist Services, a company formed in 1989 by a group of investors including Steve Vizard, producing many classic shows. Half of the company was sold to John Fairfax Holdings in 1995 for A$9 million, in 1998, the entire company was acquired by Granada for A$25 million. The company rebranded as ITV Studios Australia in January 2013, with the first program carrying the new branding being the season of ABC comedy program Shaun Micallefs Mad as Hell. ITV Studios Germany programmes include Ich bin ein Star – Holt mich hier raus, Star Duell and Deutschlands Beste Doppelgänger for RTL, and East-West German comedy Ei Verbibbsch for Sat.1

8.
ITV (TV channel)
–
ITV is a commercial television channel in the United Kingdom. Previously a network of regional television channels, ITV currently operates in England, Wales, Scotland, the Isle of Man. From 2001 until 2013, the channel was called ITV1, in 2004, Granada Television acquired Carlton Communications to form ITV plc. ITV is the biggest and most popular television channel in the United Kingdom. ITV and its channels have contended with BBC One for the status of the UKs most watched television channel since the 1950s. However, in line with other channels, ITVs audience share has fallen in the era of multi-channel television. Following the creation of the Television Act 1954, the establishment of a television service in the UK began. The Independent Television service, or ITV, was made up of regions, the three largest regions were subdivided into weekday and weekend services, with a different company running each. ITV existed in a form from its inception to the 2000s. ITV1 became the generic brand name used by the twelve franchises of the ITV Network in the United Kingdom. The brand was introduced in 2001 by Carlton- and Granada-owned franchises, however, it became the sole on-air identity in 2002 when the two companies decided to create a single unified playout of the channel, with regional references only used prior to regional programming. Carlton and Granada went on to merge in 2004, creating ITV plc which now owns thirteen of the fifteen regional ITV licences. The ITV1 name was used in England, Wales, Southern Scotland and Isle of Man until Channel Television adopted the name in January 2006. It should be noted, however, that as national continuity is used on Channel Television. ITV Wales & West was the exception, using the name ITV1 Wales at all times for the Welsh part of its broadcast area as it has a higher regional commitment. Latterly the ITV1 Wales name was used on breakbumpers and regionally advertised programmes till 2013. Non ITV plc-owned licencees on the network generally did not refer to the ITV name, the network production arms of the ITV-plc owned licencees have been gradually combined since 1993 to eventually form ITV Studios. ITV was formed by the unification of eleven of the ITV licences, the Broadcasting Act 1990 changed many of the rules regulating the ITV Network, which most notably relaxed franchise ownership and hours of production

9.
STV (TV channel)
–
STV is a television channel serving the majority of Scotland. It operates the two ITV licensees in northern and central Scotland, formerly known as Grampian Television and Scottish Television, the brand was adopted on Tuesday 30 May 2006 replacing both franchises identities. In 2013, STV won licences to launch local TV channels in Glasgow, STV Glasgow launched on 2 June 2014, with STV Edinburgh following on 12 January 2015. In spring 2017, the city channels are to be rebranded as STV2 and operated in combination with new franchises centred on Aberdeen, Dundee, there is no STV South as Southern Scotland is part of the ITV Border region and programmes are presented there under the ITV Border brand. Emphasising the fact that STV is essentially one channel across the two regions, there is a director of channels, and a single head of news. Terms in the renewed licences for both STV Central and STV North also mean that regional non-news programmes are shared across both licences. Although the stations are required to produce 1.5 hours a week of regional non-news programmes, the chief executive of STV Group plc. Today, news and current affairs forms the bulk of STVs regular programming on Channel 3, on a network scale, one of STVs most famous exports is the long-running crime drama Taggart, set in Glasgow. The networks range of programmes was dramatically expanded during the 1990s under director Alistair Moffat, another of the stations best-known programmes, Scotsport, ran continuously for 51 years until May 2008 and remains one of the worlds longest-running television sports programmes. ITVs coverage of the FA Cup was also dropped, ITV plc claimed that STV were in breach of their network agreements by making this decision and sued STV for £38 million. STV launched its own legal action against ITV plc, claiming the company was owed money, the then executive chairman of ITV plc, Michael Grade claimed his company was the victim in the ongoing dispute. The company pledged to continue with its plan to more regional programming. On 27 April 2011, ITV plc and STV settled their legal dispute, the programming rights payment is capped at a maximum of £15 million. In addition, STV will receive £2.4 million of credit for programme opt outs in 2011, STV said it believed it was in the best interests of shareholders to end the long period of uncertainty. The parties have agreed the basis of a collaborative relationship for the future. The deal would see STV and UTV become affiliates of the network, at the time, the licence holders paid a percentage of the Channel 3 network costs based on their share of qualifying revenue. On 23 August 2012 STV confirmed the new agreement with ITV was in operation. The STV studios in Glasgow were originally located in the former Theatre Royal in the Cowcaddens area of the city, the first programme broadcast by STV from the Theatre Royal studios was This is Scotland on 31 August 1957

10.
UTV (TV channel)
–
UTV is a commercial television broadcaster in Northern Ireland owned and operated by ITV plc as part of the ITV Network. Formed in November 1958 and appointed as contractor for the Independent Television Authority soon after. UTV was sold by UTV Media plc to ITV plc in February 2016, each transmitter has a series of relay stations. UTV was the last of the ITV stations to cease broadcasting on analogue transmitters, the analogue signal was closed at just after 11,35 pm on Tuesday 23 October 2012. The ITA eventually persuaded both applicants to merge their bids to obtain the new franchise, on the provision that a stake of investment in the station was offered to Catholic sources. Ulster Television went on air at 4. 45pm on Saturday 31 October 1959, the stations opening was overseen by Lord Wakehurst, then Governor of Northern Ireland, and Sir Laurence Olivier introduced the opening ceremony. Sir Laurence Olivier delivered the stations first epilogue, an excerpt from Joseph Addisons The Spacious Firmament, the following evening, UTV contributed a play to the Armchair Theatre series, A Shilling for the Evil Day, produced in association with ABC Television. Initially, Ulster Televisions programmes would only be available to viewers located within range of the Black Mountain transmitter near Belfast. On the stations first night of programmes however, it was reported that residents of Dublin. Coverage of UTV spread to Western areas of Northern Ireland when the Strabane transmitter opened in February 1963, Ulster Televisions UHF PAL colour service was launched with the opening of the UHF transmitter Divis in September 1970. This was followed by two transmitters at Limavady and Brougher Mountain. In October 1988, the station began 24-hour broadcasting - the last station in the ITV network to do so. UTV was originally scheduled to take a provided by Central in Birmingham. At the companys annual meeting in Belfast on 26 May 2006. The company believed that the name no longer reflected the full scope of the companys business. UTV Ltd. – the original Ulster Television Limited, now a wholly owned subsidiary of UTV Media – returned to being solely the operating company for the ITV franchise. On 19 October 2015, UTV Media announced that it would sell its ITV franchise, ITV CEO Adam Crozier welcomed the news by saying, The acquisition, finalised the following February, left STV Group as the only remaining independent owner of ITV franchises. ITV plans to retain the UTV brand in Northern Ireland, on 11 July 2016, ITV plc announced that it would sell the UTV Ireland service to Virgin Media Ireland

11.
ITV (TV network)
–
ITV is a commercial TV network in the United Kingdom. Since the passing of the Broadcasting Act 1990 its legal name has been Channel 3, to distinguish it from the analogue channels at the time, namely BBC1, BBC2. ITV is a network of channels that operate regional television services as well as sharing programmes between each other to be displayed on the entire network. In recent years, several of companies have merged so currently the fifteen franchises are in the hands of two companies. With the exception of Northern Ireland, the ITV brand is the used by ITV plc for the Channel 3 service in these areas. In Northern Ireland, ITV plc uses the brand name UTV, STV Group plc, uses the STV brand for its two franchises of central and northern Scotland. The origins of ITV lie in the passing of the Television Act 1954, the act created the Independent Television Authority to heavily regulate the industry and to award franchises. The first six franchises were awarded in 1954 for London, the Midlands, the first ITV network to launch was Londons Associated-Rediffusion on 22 September 1955, with the Midlands and North services launching in February 1956 and May 1956 respectively. Following these launches, the ITA awarded more franchises until the country was covered by fourteen regional stations. Following the 1993 changes, ITV as a network began to consolidate with several companies doing so to save money by ceasing the duplication of services present when they were all separate companies. The ITV Network is not owned or operated by one company, since 2016 the fifteen licences are held by two companies, with the majority held by ITV Broadcasting Limited, part of ITV plc. The network is regulated by the media regulator Ofcom who is responsible for awarding the broadcast licences, the last major review of the Channel 3 franchises was in 1991, with all operators licences having been renewed between 1999 and 2002 and again from 2014 without a further contest. However, due to amalgamation of several of companies since the creation of ITV Network Limited. Approved by Ofcom, this results in ITV plc commissioning and funding the network schedule, all licensees have the right to opt out of network programming, however many do not due to pressures from the parent company or because of limited resources. The network also needs to produce accessible output containing subtitles, signing, in exchange for this programming, the ITV network is available on all platforms free to air and can be found at the top of the EPG of all providers. Since the launch of the platform in 1998, all of the ITV licensees have received gifted capacity on the terrestrial television platform. At present, the companies are able to broadcast additional channels and all choose to broadcast the ITV plc owned ITV2, ITV3, ITV4 and CITV in their region. UTV and STV previously broadcast their own services – UTV2 in Northern Ireland and S2 in central and northern Scotland – until 2002, the broadcasters all make use of the Digital 3&4 multiplex, shared with Channel 4

12.
United Kingdom
–
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state‍—‌the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government

13.
Reality television
–
It differs from documentary television in that the focus tends to be on drama, personal conflict, and entertainment rather than educating viewers. The genre has various standard tropes, including confessionals used by cast members to express their thoughts, an early example of the genre was the 1991 Dutch series Nummer 28, which was the first show to bring together strangers and record their interactions. It then exploded as a phenomenon in the late 1990s and early 2000s with the success of the series Survivor, Idols. These shows and a number of others became global franchises, spawning local versions in dozens of countries, Reality television as a whole has become a fixture of television programming. There are grey areas around what is classified as reality television, Reality television has faced significant criticism since its rise in popularity. Much of the criticism has centered on the use of the word reality, Television formats portraying ordinary people in unscripted situations are almost as old as the television medium itself. Precedents for television that portrayed people in unscripted situations began in the late 1940s, queen for a Day was an early example of reality-based television. The 1946 television game show Cash and Carry sometimes featured contestants performing stunts, debuting in 1948, Allen Funts hidden camera show Candid Camera broadcast unsuspecting ordinary people reacting to pranks. In 1948, talent search shows Ted Macks Original Amateur Hour and Arthur Godfreys Talent Scouts featured amateur competitors, in the 1950s, game shows Beat the Clock and Truth or Consequences involved contestants in wacky competitions, stunts, and practical jokes. Confession was a show which aired from June 1958 to January 1959. The radio series Nightwatch tape-recorded the daily activities of Culver City, the series You Asked for It incorporated audience involvement by basing episodes around requests sent in by postcard from viewers. First broadcast in the United Kingdom in 1964, the Granada Television documentary Seven Up, broadcast interviews with a dozen ordinary 7-year-olds from a broad cross-section of society and inquired about their reactions to everyday life. Every seven years, a film documented the life of the same individuals during the period, titled the Up Series, episodes include 7 Plus Seven,21 Up. The program was structured as a series of interviews with no element of plot, however, it did have the then-new effect of turning ordinary people into celebrities. The first reality show in the modern sense may have been the series The American Sportsman, Another precursor may be considered Mutual of Omahas Wild Kingdom which aired from 1963 through 1988. This show featured zoologist Marlin Perkins traveling across the globe and illustrating the variety of animal life on the planet. Though mostly a travelogue, it was popular in syndication and new episodes were produced through the eighties. The 12-part 1973 PBS series An American Family showed a nuclear family going through a divorce, unlike many later reality shows, it was more or less documentary in purpose and style

14.
Airport (TV series)
–
Airport is a British documentary television series based at London Heathrow Airport, the worlds busiest international airport, broadcast by the BBC and syndicated to Dave, part of the UKTV network. The airlines and staff featured tend to change from series to series, however, certain staff feature in multiple series. The first series of Airport aired on BBC Two in 1996, originally intended to be a low-key behind-the-scenes documentary, the emergence of several memorable recurring characters gave the show a docusoap feel. As a result, the series was transferred to a primetime BBC One slot the following year, special fame was gained by Jeremy Spake, an Aeroflot employee, whose flamboyance earned him a series of short bumpers on UKTV People explaining how to best use airports. There have also several special Airport programmes over the years featuring airports other than Heathrow, such as Frankfurt. The opening titles and music were given a make over for the start of the 7th series in 2002, from the 7th series onwards, incidental music was added over the scenes shown on screen. The title music was again revamped for the 10th series in 2005. In addition, Liza Tarbuck replaced John Nettles as the narrator for series 10. Princess Diana also makes an appearance in one of the episodes as a ghost. In one Airport episode, a BA staff member gets arrested by the police for impersonating someone else. He is arrested on board a flight and is led away by un-uniformed officers. John Cull, Qantas Airport Manager, appears in 17 episodes of the series, Jeremy Spake, Aeroflot Airlines Manager makes frequent appearances in the series. Maria Demetriou of Cyprus Airways appears in many shows, animal Health Officer Stuart King, Royal Suite manager Anita Newcourt and journalists Russell Clisby and Steve Meller all contribute in many of the series. These include, - Repeats of Airport have been shown on Dave and UKTV People, Repeats have also be seen on BBC One, although less frequently. There was a new series broadcast in the first half of 2005, several episodes were broadcast, before a gap of about a month, then the rest of the series was shown. It is not yet known if another series will be produced, Airport is also shown once a week on the Australian Lifestyle channel, a feature channel on Australias Foxtel Digital network and also screens on the AUSTAR cable/satellite network. It is also aired on free-to-air network the Nine Network, on 14 July 2008, the BBC broadcast a new 5-part series titled Return to. The show featured interviews with stars of the series and behind the scenes recollections from cast members

15.
Hell
–
Hell, in many mythological, folklore and religious traditions, is a place of torment and punishment in an afterlife. Religions with a divine history often depict hells as eternal destinations while Religions with a cyclic history often depict a hell as an intermediary period between incarnations. Typically these traditions locate hell in another dimension or under the Earths surface, other afterlife destinations include Heaven, Purgatory, Paradise, and Limbo. Hell is sometimes portrayed as populated with demons who torment those dwelling there, many are ruled by a death god such as Nergal, Hades, Hel, Enma or Satan. Subsequently, the word was used to transfer a pagan concept to Christian theology, Some have theorized that English word hell is derived from Old Norse hel. However, this is unlikely as hel appears in Old English before the Viking invasions. Furthermore, the word has cognates in all the other Germanic languages and has a Proto-Germanic origin, Hell appears in several mythologies and religions. It is commonly inhabited by demons and the souls of dead people, a fable about hell which recurs in folklore across several cultures is the allegory of the long spoons. Hell is often depicted in art and literature, perhaps most famously in Dantes Divine Comedy, punishment in Hell typically corresponds to sins committed during life. In many religious cultures, including Christianity and Islam, Hell is often depicted as fiery, painful and harsh, despite these common depictions of Hell as a place of fire, some other traditions portray Hell as cold. Buddhist - and particularly Tibetan Buddhist - descriptions of hell feature a number of hot. Among Christian descriptions Dantes Inferno portrays the innermost circle of Hell as a lake of blood. At death a person faced judgment by a tribunal of forty-two divine judges, if they had led a life in conformance with the precepts of the Goddess Maat, who represented truth and right living, the person was welcomed into the Two Fields. If found guilty the person was thrown to a devourer and would be condemned to the lake of fire, the person taken by the devourer is subject first to terrifying punishment and then annihilated. These depictions of punishment may have influenced medieval perceptions of the inferno in hell via early Christian, purification for those considered justified appears in the descriptions of Flame Island, where humans experience the triumph over evil and rebirth. For the damned complete destruction into a state of non-being awaits but there is no suggestion of eternal torture, the weighing of the heart in Egyptian mythology can lead to annihilation. The Tale of Khaemwese describes the torment of a man, who lacked charity. Divine pardon at judgement always remained a concern for the Ancient Egyptians

16.
Fawlty Towers
–
Fawlty Towers is a BBC television sitcom first broadcast on BBC2 in 1975 and 1979. The show was created and written by John Cleese and Connie Booth and they were married at the time of series 1, but divorced before recording series 2. One of the best loved shows in British popular culture, it was ranked No.1 on a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000. The series is set in Fawlty Towers, a hotel in the seaside town of Torquay — pronounced taw-key in the English vernacular — on the English Riviera. In May 1970 the Monty Python team stayed at the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay while filming on location, John Cleese became fascinated with the behavior of the owner, Donald Sinclair, whom Cleese later described as the rudest man Ive ever come across in my life. Sinclair justified his actions by claiming the hotel had staff problems and he also criticised the American-born Terry Gilliams table manners for not being British. Cleese and Booth stayed on at the hotel after filming, furthering their research of the hotel owner, Cleese later played a hotel owner called Donald Sinclair in the 2001 movie Rat Race. At the time, Cleese was a writer on the 1970s British TV sitcom Doctor in the House for London Weekend Television, an early prototype of the character that became known as Basil Fawlty was developed in an episode of the third Doctor series. In this edition, the character checks into a small town hotel, his very presence seemingly winding up the aggressive. The show was broadcast on May 30,1971, Cleese parodied the contrast between organizational dogma and sensitive customer service in many personnel training videotapes issued with a serious purpose by his company, Video Arts. Cleese said in 2008 that the first Fawlty Towers script he, and Jimmy himself said, Youre going to have to get them out of the hotel, John. You cant do the thing in the hotel. Whereas, of course, its in the hotel that the pressure cooker builds up. Cleese was paid £6,000 for 43 weeks work and supplemented his income by appearing in television advertisements. He said that when he read the first scripts he could see nothing funny in them and he said the commercial channels, with their emphasis on audience ratings, never would have let the program get to the production stage on the basis of the scripts. Although the series is set in Torquay in Devon, no part of it was shot in Southwest England, for the exterior filming, the Wooburn Grange Country Club in Buckinghamshire was used instead of a hotel. In several episodes of the series the entrance gate at the bottom of the states the real name of the location. This listed building later served for a time as a nightclub named Basils after the series ended

17.
ITV2
–
ITV2, is a 24-hour, free-to-air entertainment television channel in the United Kingdom, Isle of Man and the Channel Islands owned by ITV Digital Channels Ltd, a division of ITV plc. It was launched on 7 December 1998 and is available digitally via satellite, cable, IPTV, prior to the launch of Channel 4 in 1982, the name ITV2 had sometimes been used to refer informally to an envisioned second commercial network in the UK. However, the name resurfaced in the late 1990s for very different reasons, whilst free-to-air, it was marketed alongside their own subscription based ONdigital platform. Other ITV licensees, SMG, UTV and GMTV launched their own services in the space, while ITV2 is now a popular entertainment channel, at its launch in 1998 it was a mixed genre channel. Much of the content in its launch schedule was current affairs related programming fronted by ITV newscasters. Other programmes included Midsomer Murders, Inspector Morse, Judge Judy, omnibus editions of ITV soaps Emmerdale and Coronation Street, and a Saturday football results service. In June 2004, ITV plc announced that they were going to double the channels programme budget, on 1 November 2004, in an attempt to launch ITV3 on Sky, ITV2 moved from 175 to 118 on Sky after ITV plc bought GSkyB for £10 million. As a result, Plus was permanently closed down, with its EPG slot taken by ITV3, ITV plc launched a one-hour timeshift channel of ITV2 on Monday,30 October 2006. The company is looking to its channels to shore up revenues as the ITV Network suffers a decline in viewers. ITV3 +1 was launched on the same day, ITV2 and its one-hour timeshift channel began broadcasting 24 hours a day on 17 March 2008. From 11 January 2011, ITV2 +1 on the Freeview platform has changed its hours to 7,00 p. m. until 4,00 a. m. On 1 June 2011, an hour was added in England, Northern Ireland and Scotland. On 2 August 2011, ITV2 +1 began to broadcast 24 hours a day on Freeview across the UK, using an eleventh stream created on mux A. As part of the changes, ITV2 +1 swapped slots on Skys electronic programme guide with Men & Motors, gMTV2 programming moved from ITV2 to ITV4. The strand continues to be simulcast on the CITV channel, on 20 August 2008, ITV2 unveiled a new look. The logo was given a 3D look, with three new idents, ITV2 was launched on UPC Ireland in the Republic of Ireland on 4 January 2010, marking the first time the channel has been officially available in the country. The channel had already been available to Irish viewers on free-to-air satellite for some time, on 1 April 2011, ITV2 was removed from UPC Ireland along with ITV3 and ITV4 due to the expiry of a carriage agreement between UPC and ITV. Conversely, UPC Ireland also claims to have been in discussions right up to the last moment in order to continue broadcasting the channels, ITV2, ITV3 and ITV4 were restored to the UPC Ireland line-up on 20 December 2011

18.
Documentary film
–
A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record. Documentary has been described as a practice, a cinematic tradition. Polish writer and filmmaker Bolesław Matuszewski was among those who identified the mode of documentary film and he wrote two of the earliest texts on cinema Une nouvelle source de lhistoire and La photographie animée. Both were published in 1898 in French and among the written works to consider the historical. Matuszewski is also among the first filmmakers to propose the creation of a Film Archive to collect, the American film critic Pare Lorentz defines a documentary film as a factual film which is dramatic. Others further state that a documentary stands out from the types of non-fiction films for providing an opinion. Documentary practice is the process of creating documentary projects. Documentary filmmaking can be used as a form of journalism, advocacy, early film was dominated by the novelty of showing an event. They were single-shot moments captured on film, a train entering a station and these short films were called actuality films, the term documentary was not coined until 1926. Many of the first films, such as made by Auguste and Louis Lumière, were a minute or less in length. Films showing many people were made for commercial reasons, the people being filmed were eager to see, for payment. One notable film clocked in at over an hour and a half, using pioneering film-looping technology, Enoch J. Rector presented the entirety of a famous 1897 prize-fight on cinema screens across the United States, in May 1896, Bolesław Matuszewski recorded on film few surigical operations in Warsaw and Saint Petersburg hospitals. In 1898, French surgeon Eugène-Louis Doyen invited Bolesław Matuszewski and Clément Maurice and they started in Paris a series of surgical films sometime before July 1898. Until 1906, the year of his last film, Doyen recorded more than 60 operations, Doyen said that his first films taught him how to correct professional errors he had been unaware of. These and five other of Doyens films survive, all these short films have been preserved. I must say I forgot those works and I am thankful to you that you reminded them to me, unfortunately, not many scientists have followed your way. Travelogue films were popular in the early part of the 20th century

ITV is a commercial TV network in the United Kingdom. Launched in 1955 as Independent Television under the auspices of …

The London Studios near Waterloo was originally the base for the ITV London weekend contractor LWT but is now ITV's main London headquarters.

Granada Studios was the oldest TV studios in the UK, having been built in 1954 to house the broadcaster of the same name. The studios were closed in June 2013. Granada is the only franchise to remain an ITV contractor since creation in 1954.