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The US Senate voted on Wednesday to end their support for Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen, defying President Donald Trump to act in response to the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi.

The Senators agreed by a vote of 63-37 to allow debate to proceed on the resolution, after Mike Pompeo, the secretary of state, and Jim Mattis, defence secretary, failed to sway undecided senators to continue the military support for the war coalition.

The debate, which may take place next week, would centre on a measure to restrict US support for the Saudi military campaign against Houthi rebels in Yemen, where a humanitarian disaster is unfolding.

“There will be another opportunity next week to decide whether we proceed to it," Senate Foreign Relations Chairman Bob Corker said on the floor.

He said he hopes the administration “will figure out a way to bring American interests and American values into balance and they can cause a Saudi Arabian government to take appropriate ownership over what has happened in the killing of this journalist."

“Any key vote, anything that you need me for to get out of town, I ain’t doing it until we hear from the CIA,” Mr Graham said. The CIA reportedly has said it had “high confidence” the crown prince ordered the murder.

Senator Lindsey Graham Credit:
LEAH MILLIS/Reuters

Mr Pompeo wouldn’t answer reporters’ questions about why Ms Haspel didn’t take part in the morning briefing. Some senators said the White House blocked her participation.

“Nobody was happy that she wasn’t there,” Republican Senator Jeff Flake of Arizona told reporters. Senator Bob Menendez of New Jersey, the top Democrat on the Foreign Relations Committee, said it was a “coverup” not to have the CIA director take part.

One Republican emerged from the briefing calling for new sanctions on Saudi Arabia over Khashoggi’s murder.

“This is the kind of behaviour we expect from Russia and North Korea,” Oklahoma Senator Jim Lankford said. “So we do need to confront them.”

The frustration seemed to give the Yemen war resolution, introduced by independent Senator Bernie Sanders, more momentum.

Mr Corker said senators would have a chance to vote to proceed to the resolution next week as well as vote on amendments. Such resolutions only need a simple majority to advance.

There’s no indication that the Republican-controlled House has plans to take up a Saudi resolution, however, and the White House has indicated Mr Trump would veto the version offered by Mr Sanders.

Ahead of Wednesday’s briefing, Mr Mattis and Mr Pompeo argued that Saudi Arabia is far too important a partner in the fight against Islamic State, pushing back on Iran and upholding democracy in Iraq to give up on.

“I must note we are seldom free to work with unblemished partners,” Mattis told lawmakers, according to prepared remarks released as the briefing was underway. “Long-standing relationships guide but do not blind us. Saudi Arabia, due to geography and the Iranian threat, is fundamental to maintaining regional and Israeli security, and to our interest in Mid-East stability.”

Mr Pompeo struck a far more combative tone in an opinion piece published on Wednesday morning in the Wall Street Journal. The former CIA director and four-term congressman from Kansas derided “the Capitol Hill caterwauling and media pile-on” over Khashoggi’s killing, arguing that “degrading US-Saudi ties would be a grave mistake for the national security of the US and its allies.”

The statements signalled that the Trump administration’s support for Saudi Arabia implies support for Prince Mohammed.

Mr Trump has been dismissive of his intelligence community’s assessment that Prince Mohammed is responsible for the killing. He’s said repeatedly that Saudi Arabia’s spending billions of dollars on US weapons and its role as an ally and major oil producer are too crucial to let go.

Congressional leaders have been far more critical of Saudi Arabia than the Trump administration, threatening a new round of sanctions against the leadership and warning they may try to block weapons sales to the country. They have also sought to shine a spotlight on the humanitarian crisis in Yemen.

In his prepared remarks, Mattis argued that pulling back what he called “limited” US military support and weapons sales would be the wrong move ahead of “promising initial negotiations” spearheaded by United Nations special envoy Martin Griffiths.

“It took us too long to get here, but at this key juncture, a change in our approach would work against Martin’s efforts by breathing new life into the Houthis’ combat operations, just when they are reluctantly engaging with the UN interlocutor,” Mattis was to say.