In this study, the author can point out the following issues ; (1) endemic species, Takakia lepidozioides, inhabiting high altitude places, has rather low genetic variabilities within and among populations in Japan and Malaysia. It is interesting that we can detect genetic variablity within population, even if very low, in Takakia lepidozioides, because this species is only known for male plants, and therefore it can not reproduce sexually. In addition, one plants collected at Mt. Kinabalu shows gene duplication in pgm2. (2) we studied other three lowland species which growing vegetatively. These species also show low genetic variabilities within and among populations. Riccia fluitans, however, show high genetic difference among population. Examing its outer morphology, we can detect more than two cryptic species in Riccia fluitans, and by this reason the false high genetic difference among populations were caluculated.