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.D MONSEÑOR AGUSTÍN GUTIERREZ
NIVELACIÓN PRIMER PERIODO
Docente: Gina Moreno
Grado: ONCE
2015
Temática:
 ING AND INFINITIVE VERBS FORMS USE.
 United states holidays
 Reading in present and past simple, present and past progressive and present perfect.
Indicaciones:
Este trabajo debe ser entregado en hojas blancas legajado, en carpeta de presentación y diligenciado a
mano por el estudiante dentro de las fechas correspondientes.
GERUND (ING) OR INFINITIVE FORM ( TO___)
El uso del infinitivo (I would like to travel) y del gerundio (I like travelling) en inglés es una fuente habitual
de problemas entre los estudiantes. Probablemente porque las dos estructuras se traducen en castellano con la
misma estructura (me gustaría viajar / me gusta viajar), por lo tanto la tendencia natural de los estudiantes
consiste en sobre-utilizar el infinitivo en inglés. El otro problema es que el uso de una forma o de otra
depende, en grande medida, del tipo de verbo al que acompañan (would like + infinitivo; like + gerundio) y
para eso existe una lista de verbos que exigen un infinitivo y verbos que exigen un gerundio que se tiene que
memorizar.
El infinitivo
Se utiliza:
1. Después de algunos verbos como: would like, agree, decide, choose, plan, refuse, hope, want, manage etc.
I want to become a teacher.
2. Después de adjetivos:
I’m happy to see you again.
3. Para expresar un objetivo o el porqué estamos haciendo una acción:
I’m here to study English. // I have come to help you.
Recordad que NO es correcto decir *I’m here for to study English.
Importante:
La forma negativa del infinitivo es “not + infinitivo”: I’m happy not to see you again.
El gerundio
Se utiliza:
1. Después de algunos verbos: deny, avoid, can’t help, like, dislike, enjoy, mind, keep on, suggest, finish etc.
He finished doing his homework.
2. Después de un preposición (normalmente se trata de verbos o adjetivos con preposición obligatoria):
I’m interested in learning English. // I’m fond of playing tennis.
Recordad que en esta categoría entra también la típica fórmula del final de un email o de una carta: I’m
looking forward to hearing from you soon. En esta construcción, “to” es una preposición.
3. Cuando el verbo es el sujeto de la frase:
Smoking is dangerous for your health.
Importante:
La forma negativa del gerundio es “not+gerundio”:
I enjoy not doing anything on holiday.
ACTIVIDADES
1.
Completa las frases con la forma de infinitivo o de gerundio de los verbos entre paréntesis.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
I don't mind _______ (work) in an open-space office.
He promised _________ (help) me with the project.
He is worried about ______ (lose) his job.
__________ (study) for exams is very tiring.
I'm saving money ________ (buy) a new car.
She managed _____ (not laugh) when he came in.
I enjoy ______ (not go) shopping on Saturdays.
I'm looking forward to ______ (see) you again soon.
She is afraid of _____ (fly).
_______ (read) is relaxing.
I've come ______ (visit) my grandmother.
2.
Completa el texto con la forma de infinitivo o de gerundio de los verbos entre paréntesis.
A. If you are a beginner, you need ________ (use) a biligual dictionary. Bilingual dictionaries
are good not just for _____ (translate) but also for _______ (compare)
B.
Spend time _____ (study) - if you don't study regularly, you won't become fluent.
C. Don't be afraid of mistakes - every time you are wrong, you are also able ____ (learn)
something
D. Don't translate! It's easier ______ (learn) English if you can think in English.
E. Grammar isn't boring. ____ (learn) English grammar will help you understand the
language.
F.
Find a friend ____ (practice) with! ____ (share) your learning adventure is a great way to
go further and to have some fun along the way.
G. A qualified teacher is the best person ____ (help) you learn English
H. Remember _____ (do) things that you enjoy in English. If you are interested in gardening,
read about it in English.
3.
1.
2.
3.
I.
Try _____ (practice) all the areas of English: listening, reading, writing and speaking.
J.
Remember that ____ (learn) a language is not like cycling: if you don't use it, you lose it!
Completa el siguiente cuadro con los aspectos más importantes de cada festividad celebrada en
estados unidos
WHAT?
WHERE?
WHEN?
HOW?
WHY?
SAINT VALENTINE´S
DAY
UNITED
STATES AND
ENGLAND
FEBRUARY
14TH
Giving presents
as chocolates,
flowers and
romantic letters
called
VALENTINES
to the lovers.
In honor to
saint
valentine,
who was a
Cristian
Martyr,
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
READING
“MAGICIAN OF THE SEA” By Kelly Hashway
What do three hearts, eight arms and one huge brain add up to? An octopus, a creature that can
do amazing things.
Octopuses are extremely intelligent. They have even learnt a few tricks to get them out of
sticky situations, as for example, when it is afraid of a predator. As octopuses don’t have teeth or sharp
claws to defend themselves, they hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor. Do you
want to know how they do that? Well, the octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of
its skin to match the sand. This color change happens in less than a minute.
Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks and coral. Because
octopuses are invertebrates, they can squeeze themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get
out of reach of predators. Another way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink. An octopus uses a part of
its body called a siphon to shoot ink into the water. The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus. It’s
like a magician doing a vanishing act.
If an octopus is being attacked, it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea snake. It will
bury itself in the sand, keeping two arms visible. It will change the color of those arms to match a sea
snake. But if there’s no time to hide? If an octopus is in trouble, it can break off one of its arms. The
arm will then change colors and squirm around the water to distract the predator while the octopus
swims away to safety. Don’t worry though. The octopus’s arm will grow back.
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense. The blue-ringed octopus is tiny;
it could fit in the palm of your hand. Predators might think this size makes the octopus a great snack,
but they know to stay away. The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can kill predators much larger
than it, including humans.
Answer the following questions:
1)
What is special about the octopus’ body? ______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2)
Why are octopuses intelligent? _____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3)
What happens to an octopus if it breaks off one of its arms? ______________________
____________________________________________________________________
4)
How do blue-ringed octopuses defend themselves? ______________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Complete the graphic organizer: Include its habitat, abilities, likes, and the four ways it defends
itself.
Octopus