Did You Know? Blue Supergiant Stars

Blue supergiant stars are unique, in the sense that they are amongst the most luminous stars, and yet short-lived. These stars can transform into red supergiant stars before eventually exploding during the supernova event.

Blue supergiant stars are amongst the largest and brightest stars in the world. They are characterized by high temperatures ranging from 20,000 – 50,000 kelvin (35,540.3 – 89,540.3 °F). These bright and hot stars are roughly the size of 20 solar masses. However, their size can vary a lot.

A blue supergiant star can be as big as 1,000 solar masses. So, Here are few interesting facts about blue supergiant stars:

1

Blue supergiant stars are known for the fast stellar winds which blow on their surfaces. However, these winds, although fast, occur sparsely

2

These stars have short lifespans in comparison to most stars; which is why they are found in cosmic structures such as spiral galaxies and open clusters. These structures are younger in comparison to other cosmic structures

3

Blue supergiant stars are of rare occurrence in comparison to other kinds of stars. However, the luminosity of these stars makes them easily visible

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Scientists assume Bok globules are ‘proto-protostars’ in the process of formation which is hard to support since Bok globules are the coldest objects in the natural Universe, so maybe we’re looking at them through the wrong end of the telescope—

What if Bok globules condensed a majority of the matter in the early Universe following the Dark Ages by phase-change nucleations in galaxy-sized atomic-hydrogen aggregates, endothermically clamping the temperature as atomic hydrogen reverted to plasma, promoting gas densification into globules.

As the coldest objects in the sky, Bok globules are invisible and thus dark except when highlighted inside glowing nebulae or when they sprout cometary tails evaporated by nearby OB supergiants.

And the largest 100 – 300 solar-mass globules spontaneously collapsed into Population III stars while smaller 2 – 50 stellar-mass globules survived to the current era where they’re essentially invisible except where contrasted against bright nebulae or outgassing as cometary globules.

Then cometary globules are evaporating Bok globules exposed to super-intense OB supergiant radiation, and OB supergiants condense from shock-wave compression of globules by nearby OB-supergiant supernovae in an endless cycle.

Finally, since gas pressure likely supported the primordial galactic-sized gas accumulations, many of the Population III star black holes would have had very little angular momentum, causing them to fall to the center to rapidly form supermassive black holes.

This has all the hallmarks of a good theory which ties together many phenomena, including:
– Dark matter
– (Cometary) Bok globules,
– OB supergiants,
– Population III stars,
– the reionization of the Universe following the ‘Dark Ages’,
– Spiral-galaxy shape
– (Giant) molecular clouds
– T-Tauri stars and their widely-varying metallicities,
– Supermassive black holes and quasars

By comparison, the competing theories are ad hoc, explaining nothing more than the (apparent) excess dark-matter mass.

What I’ve been reading is that starts “light up” at approx. one solar mass. Since, when a star lights up it’s stellar wind begins to blow excess material away, there shouldn’t be any stars much larger than one solar mass. So my question is, how do super giants form? Obviously they can’t form by the simple process of accretion, they need some other mechanism to get around the one solar mass limit.

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