Pavlovsky Posad, city, Moscowoblast (region), western Russia, on the Klyazma River. It grew from a monastic village and, in the 18th century, was a centre of peasant silk weaving. In 1844 it became an industrial centre (posad) with other villages and had nine silk and three paper factories, employing 2,000 workers. It now has cotton, woolen, clothing, and ceramic industries. Pop. (2006 est.) 61,293.

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oblast (region), western Russia. The oblast surrounds and includes the city of Moscow, the capital of Russia. Moscow oblast was formed in 1929. The main feature of its relief is the Klin-Dmitrov Ridge, which stretches roughly east-west across the oblast, north of Moscow city. The ridge, a line of...

country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. Once the preeminent republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.; commonly known as the Soviet Union), Russia became an independent country after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991.