(a) The city council hereby finds and declares that it is the right of every person, regardless of race, color, creed, religion, national origin, sex, age, or disability to be secure and protected from fear, intimidation and physical harm caused by the activities of violent groups and individuals. It is not the intent of this article to interfere with the exercise of the constitutionally protected rights of freedom of expression and association. The city council hereby recognizes the constitutional right of every citizen to harbor and express beliefs on any lawful subject whatsoever, to lawfully associate with others who share similar beliefs, to petition lawfully constituted authority for a redress of perceived grievances, and to participate in the electoral process.

(b) The city council finds, however, that certain neighborhoods and public places throughout the city are negatively impacted by street gangs.

(c) The council further finds that it is prudent to institute reasonable laws so as to make it a violation of a city ordinance to solicit or recruit; conspire to solicit or recruit a juvenile as a member of a criminal street gang or to deter a juvenile from leaving a criminal street gang.

(Ord. of 12-11-2003, § 1)

Article IV. Anti-Gang Recruitment Ordinance
Sec. 32-114. Prohibition.

(a) A person who solicits, recruits, entices, or intimidates a minor to join a street gang commits a violation of this article.

(b) A person who conspires to solicit, recruit, entice or intimidate a minor to join a street gang commits a violation of this article.

(c) A person who solicits, recruits, entices or intimidates a minor to join a street gang or conspires to do so repeatedly from the same location commits a violation of this article.

(d) A person who expressly or impliedly threatens to do bodily harm to a minor or to that minor's family or use any other unlawful means to deter any person from leaving a street gang commits a violation of this article.

(Ord. of 12-11-2003, § 1)

Article IV. Anti-Gang Recruitment Ordinance
Sec. 32-115. Penalty.

(a) Any person who is found responsible for violating any of the provisions of this article shall be liable for a noncriminal fine of not less than $100.00 and not more than $300.00.

(b) If the minor is solicited, recruited, enticed, coerced, threatened or intimidated to join a criminal street gang within 1,000 feet of a school, then the penalties for any person found guilty of violating this provision shall be doubled.

Hamilton Township, New Jersey

Sec. 86-21. Gang-Free School Zones; Penalties.

(a) No individual shall solicit or recruit another person to join or actively participate in a criminal street gang on, or within 2,500 feet of, school property or any township park.

(b) "Criminal street gang" shall have the meaning as set forth in N.J.S.A. 2C:44-3(h), as same may be amended.

(c) Subsection (a) shall be enforced by the administrative officials of the school districts and/or school facility where such prohibited activities are undertaken. The Hamilton Township Police Department shall also have the authority to enforce subsection (a).

(d) Any person violating this section shall, upon conviction, be subject to the penalties set forth in section 1-3, as same may be amended.

ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO

CHAPTER 11, ARTICLE 9: ANTI-GANG RECRUITMENT

§ 11-9-1. INTENT

The purpose of this article is to empower police officers with legal authority
to cite persons who are found to be recruiting juveniles to participate in criminal
gang activities.

(Ord. 35-1996)

§ 11-9-2. SHORT TITLE

This article may be cited as the "Anti-Gang Recruitment Ordinance."

(Ord. 35-1996)

11-9-3. LEGISLATIVE FINDINGS

(A) The City Council hereby finds and declares that it is the right of every
person, regardless of race, color, creed, religion, national origin, sex, age,
or disability to be secure and protected from fear, intimidation and physical
harm caused by the activities of violent groups and individuals. It is
not the intent of this article to interfere with the exercise of the constitutionally
protected rights of freedom of expression and association. The City Council
hereby recognizes the constitutional right of every citizen to harbor and express
beliefs on any lawful subject whatsoever, to lawfully associate with others
who share similar beliefs, to petition lawfully constituted authority for a
redress of perceived grievances, and to participate in the electoral process.

(B) The City Council finds, however, that neighborhoods and schools throughout
the city are being terrorized and plundered by street gangs.

(C) The Council further finds that it is prudent to institute reasonable laws
so as to make it a violation of a city ordinance to solicit or recruit; conspire
to solicit or recruit a juvenile as a member of a criminal street gang or to
deter a juvenile from leaving a criminal street gang. (Ord. 35-1996)

11-9-4. DEFINITIONS

CRIMINAL STREET GANG. Any ongoing organization, association in
fact, or group of three or more persons, whether formally or informally organized,
or any sub-group or affiliated group thereof, having as one of its primary activities
the commission of one or more criminal acts or illegal acts, which has an identifiable
name or identifying sign or symbol, and whose members individually or collectively
engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity for a one-year
period.

PATTERN OF CRIMINAL GANG ACTIVITY. The commission, attempt to
commit, conspiring to commit, or solicitation of two or more predicate gang
crimes, provided the criminal acts were committed on separate dates or by two
or more persons who are members of, or belong to, the same criminal street gang
within a one-year period.

PREDICATE GANG CRIME.

1) A state offense:

(a) Involving a controlled substance (as defined in Section 30-31-2 NMSA 1978,
as amended, and/or Section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802))
for which the maximum penalty is imprisonment for not less than five years.

(b) That is a felony crime of violence that has an element the use or attempted
use of physical force against the person on another; or

(2) Any federal or state felony offense that by its nature involves a substantial
risk that physical force against the person of another may be used in the course
of committing the offense, including:

a) Assault with a deadly weapon;

(b) Aggravated battery;

(c) Intimidation;

(d) Compelling organizational membership;

(e) Homicide or manslaughter;

(f) Shooting at an occupied dwelling or motor vehicle;

(g) Kidnapping;

(h) Car jacking;

(i) Robbery;

(j) Residential burglary;

(k) Drive-by shooting;

(l) Unlawful use or possession of weapons;

(m) Bribery;

(n) Tampering with or retaliating against a witness, victim, informant, or
juror;

(o) Rape;

(p) Torture; and

(q) Arson; or

(3) Any federal or state offense involving:

(a) Money laundering;

(b) Felony vandalism;

(c) Unlawful sale of a firearm; or

(d) Obstruction of justice.

(Ord. 35-1996)

§ 11-9-5. PROHIBITION

A) A person who solicits, recruits, entices, or intimidates a minor to join
a criminal street gang commits a violation of this article.

(B) A person who conspires to solicit, recruit, entice or intimidate a minor
to join a criminal street gang commits a violation of this article.

(C) A person who solicits, recruits, entices or intimidates a minor to join
a criminal street gang or conspires to do so repeatedly from the same location
commits a violation of this article.

(D) A person who expressly or impliedly threatens to do bodily harm to a minor
or to that minor’s family or use any other criminally unlawful means to deter
any person from leaving a criminal street gang commits a violation of this article.

(Ord. 35-1996) Penalty, see § 11-9-99

§ 11-9-6. FORFEITURE PENALTY

Any vehicle used for the purpose of recruiting or conspiring to recruit a minor
to join a criminal street gang is declared a public nuisance and subject to
forfeiture pursuant to the following procedures:

(A) Motor vehicles subject to forfeiture under this article may be seized by
any police officer of the city upon an order issued by the District Court.

(B) Seizure without such an order may be made if seizure is incident to an
arrest of the driver of the vehicle for criminal gang recruitment.

(C) A vehicle taken or detained under this article shall not be subject to
replevin, but is deemed to be in the custody of the Police Department seizing
it subject only to the orders and decrees of the District Court. The police
officer may take custody of the vehicle and remove it to an appropriate and
official location within the District Court’s jurisdiction for disposition in
accordance with this article.

(D) In the event of seizure pursuant to division (B) of this section, proceedings
for an order for forfeiture shall be instituted promptly and not later than
30 days after seizure. Any person who, pursuant to the records of the Motor
Vehicle Division of the State Taxation and Revenue Department, has an ownership
or security interest in the subject motor vehicle shall be served with notice
of the forfeiture proceedings.

(E) When property is forfeited pursuant to this article, the Albuquerque Police
Department shall sell the motor vehicle and the proceeds shall revert to the
general fund of the city.

(Ord. 35-1996) Penalty, see § 11-9-99

(Ord. 35-1996)

§ 11-9-99. PENALTY

(A) Any person convicted of violating this article shall, upon conviction,
be sentenced as follows:

(1) A first conviction under this article shall be punished by a fine of not
more than $500 or by imprisonment not exceeding 90 days, or both.

(2) A second conviction under this article shall be punished by a mandatory
fine of not less than $100 but not more than $500 or by mandatory imprisonment
for not less than ten days but not exceeding 90 days, or both.

(3) A third or subsequent conviction under this article shall be punished by
a mandatory fine of not less than $250 but not more than $500, or by mandatory
imprisonment for not less than 25 days but not exceeding 90 days, or both.

Cherokee Indians Eastern Band, North Carolina

It shall be unlawful for a person to intentionally cause, encourage, solicit, or recruit another person to join a criminal street gang that requires as a condition of membership or continued membership the commission of any crime. Adult persons subject to the provisions of this article shall be subject to punishment by imprisonment for up to one year and/or a fine of $5,000.00 to be used by Tribal Council to fund gang prevention or enforcement programs. In the case of juvenile offenders the disposition may include, but is not limited to:

(1) Probation for a period of six months to one year;

(2) Performance of community service hours;

(3) Restitution to victims/community members;

(4) Placement in behavior management facilities until completion/graduation from school or a court ordered program;

(5) Counseling; and,

(6) Placement in detention facilities for a period of time to be determined by the presiding judge.

All profits, proceeds, and instrumentalities of criminal street gang activity or recruitment and all property used or intended or attempted to be used to facilitate the criminal activity or recruitment of any criminal street gang or of any criminal street gang member, are subject to seizure and forfeiture, with proceeds of said forfeiture to be used by Tribal Council to fund gang prevention or enforcement programs.