"One of the great disciples of the Buddha. Anuruddha was a cousin of the Buddha. Having often fallen asleep in the presence of the Buddha， he vowed one day that he would never sleep again. He eventually lost his eyesight， but acquired 'the miraculous eye，' one of the six supernormal powers， which enabled him to see intuitively."

There are two kinds of arhats， namely， the Sound-hearing arhat （Sravaka） and the Enlightened-to-condition arhat （Praetyka-Buddha）. The former attains the wisdom to understand the Four Noble Truth， while the latter attains the wisdom to understand the Law of Dependent Origination or the Twelve Links of Dependent Origination. They represent two vehicles， who "comprehend for their own sake". As they pay attention to themselves and not to others， they are incapable of genuine and equal enlightenment.

"This word appears frequently in Mahayana texts， often in the negative form. It denotes the appearance， production， or coming into being of a thing or event. According to the emptiness （sunyata） view， that which arises from dependent generation is by nature empty; hence all arising things are illusory （maya）."