See the
exam handout for more information about
exams. Revised 10/27/10.

***Extra
credit terms from last exam:
Bandura's model of reciprocal determinism (be able to apply) vs.
environmental determinismgoodness of fit and role of environment, parenting (Belsky study)
in temperament

- quality of care effects
- characteristics of high quality care (process/structure
variables)
- family factors associated with alternate care
- problems with early studies of the effects of daycare,
especially on attachment
- NICHD study – how it’s an improvement over previous
research and recent findings)

Aggression
(Ch. 9)Theories of aggression and
implications for reducing aggression (see class handout; be able to
compare and contrast these theories) + criticisms for theories
developmental trends in aggression (e.g., changes in form and amount of
aggression)
hostile vs. instrumental aggression
retaliatory aggressionsex differences in (overt) aggression
stability of aggression
reasons for decline in aggression with age
relational aggression - Crick and Grotpeter (1995) - relational
aggression and adjustment
conflict (destructive vs. constructive) vs. aggression
functions of conflict in social-cognitive development
role of culture in aggression/cultural variations
family effects, parent effects on aggression (e.g., power-assertion)bully/victims -
incidence, types of victims (provocative, passive)
Patterson - how coercive family environments and negative reinforcement
contribute to delinquency
The effectiveness of catharsis, creating nonaggressive environments,
eliminating payoffs, social cognitive interventions in reducing
aggression
Social cognition and aggression

Essay
Questions:

ONE
of the following questions will be on the exam.

(1)
Compare and contrast the behaviorist
and the ethological accounts
of attachment.Which
account best explains attachment and why?Be sure to support your answer with examples and a well thought
out evaluation of the theories, as well as some discussion of Harlow's
work.

(2)
What does it mean to take a cognitive-developmental (Piagetian) approach
to social development? Describe how a cognitive-developmentalist might
explain attachment andgender-role
development (provide
examples).

(3) Compare
and contrast TWO of the following approaches to aggression:
Instinct (Psychoanalytic and/or Ethological), Frustration-Aggression,
Social-Learning, Social Information Processing. How do these TWO
approaches differ with respect to: a) the causes of aggression and b)
what one would have to do to reduce aggression? Next, evaluate
these theories. Which is the better model of aggression and why
(support your answer)?