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Health Information

Definition

Homocystinuria is a disorder of metabolism. It causes low levels of a specific enzyme. These enzymes normally help to break down the amino acids methionine and homocysteine.
This causes the buildup of these amino acids.

Causes

The most common form of homocystinuria is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme cystathionine beta-synthase.

Homocystinuria is a genetic disorder. Both parents must have the defective gene in order for the child to develop the condition. A number of genes have been identified such as CBS, MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, and MMADHC.

Risk Factors

Homocystinuria is more common in New South Wales, Australia, and Ireland.

Diagnosis

Early treatment is important. Many states require that newborns be screened for homocystinuria. The test usually looks for high levels of methionine. If the test is positive, blood or urine tests can be done to confirm the diagnosis. These tests can detect high levels of methionine, homocysteine, and other sulfur-containing amino acids. Tests to detect an enzyme deficiency may be done as well.

Prenatal diagnosis of homocystinuria is available. It is done with samples taken during an amniocentesis or chorionic villi sample.

To look for potential complications, the following tests may also be done:

Treatment

There is no specific cure for homocystinuria. Treatment is focused on managing the levels of methionine. It should begin as early as possible. Treatment may include medication and/or a special diet.

Medication

Many people respond to high doses of
vitamin B6.
The supplement will be needed for the rest of your life.
A normal dose of
folic acid
supplement is helpful.
Other medications may also be occasionally needed.

Special Diet

A special diet may help people who don't respond to or don't respond fully to vitamin B6 treatment. Starting the diet early in life can help prevent intellectual disability and other complications. In general, the diet:

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.