Critical review of diverse methods that shows the strengths and limitations of a wide range of research approaches

Includes a quick-reference appendix to guide readers in the selection of research strategies

Q-Squared

Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches in Poverty Analysis

Paul Shaffer

Description

This book examines the underlying assumptions and implications of how we conceptualise and investigate poverty. The empirical entry point for such inquiry is a series of research initiatives that have used mixed method, combined qualitative and quantitative, or Q-Squared ( Q2) approaches, to poverty analysis. The Q2 literature highlights the vast range of analytical tools within the social sciences that may be used to understand and explain social phenomena, along with interesting research results. This literature serves as a lens to probe issues about knowledge claims made in poverty debates concerning who are the poor (identification analysis) and why they are poor (causal analysis). Implicitly or explicitly, questions are raised about the reasons for emphasising
different dimensions of poverty and favouring different units of knowledge, the basis for distinguishing valid and invalid claims, the meaning of causation, and the nature of causal inference, and so forth. Q2 provides an entry point to address foundational issues about assumptions underlying approaches to poverty, and applied issues about the strengths and limitations of different research methods and the ways they may be fruitfully combined. Together, the strands of this inquiry make a case for methodological pluralism on the grounds that knowledge is partial, empirical adjudication imperfect, social phenomena complex, and mixed methods add value for understanding and explanation. Ultimately, the goals of understanding and explanation are best served if research questions dictate the
choice of methodological approach rather than the other way around.

Q-Squared

Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches in Poverty Analysis

Paul Shaffer

Table of Contents

Part 1: Introduction 1. Q-Squared: Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches to poverty analysisPart 2: Identification: Who are the poor and what are their characteristics? 2. Foundations: Epistemology3. First Generation Q2: Exploring differences4. Second Generation Q2: Addressing comparability and validityPart 3: Causal Analysis: Why are people poor? 5. Foundations: Causation and causal inference6. Q2 Causal Analysis: Exploring the drivers of poverty status and dynamics7. Q2 Impact Assessment: Evaluating the poverty impact of programs and projectsPart 4: Conclusion 8. ConclusionAppendix: Q2 research designs and methodsA.1. Identification: Who are the poor and what are their
characteristics?A.2. Causal analysis of poverty status and dynamicsA.3. Causal analysis in impact assessment

Q-Squared

Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches in Poverty Analysis

Paul Shaffer

Author Information

Paul Shaffer is a professor of international development studies at Trent University, Canada. He has conducted research, and worked on applied poverty issues, in around twenty five countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. His publications have appeared in top international development journals such as World Development and the Journal of Development Studies. Shaffer was the recipient of the 2010 Symons Award for Excellence in Teaching, Trent University's highest teaching honour. He holds a DPhil from the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex.