Software-defined wireless networking (SDWN) is an emerging paradigm in the era of the Internet of Things. In cloud-based SDWNs, resource management is separated from the geo-distributed cloud, forming a virtual network topology in the control plane. Thus, a centralized software program is able to control and program the behavior of the entire network. In our work, we focus on resource management in cloud-based SDWNs, and discuss the competition and cooperation between cloud service providers.
We present a Nash bargaining game approach to process the resource trading activity among cloud service providers in cloud-based SDWNs. Utility functions have been specifically considered to incorporate operation cost and resource utilization. Illustrative results indicate that cooperation is able to generate more benefits than competition. Moreover, resource sharing among cloud service providers has great significance in efficiently utilizing limited resources and improving quality of service.

Fig. 1 SDWN architecture.

Fig. 2 Resource sharing among CSPs.

■ Integrated Energy and Spectrum Harvesting in 5G Systems

Two important issues have arisen in 5G wireless communications: spectral efficiency and energy efficiency. The existing wireless communication architectures and technologies may not be able to address these two issues at the same time for 5G multi-tier networks where users in different tiers have different priorities for channel access. In our work, we first present the motivation for our proposal of a new paradigm of integrated spectrum and energy harvesting for 5G wireless networks, in which spectrum and energy resources are efficiently collected and intelligently managed. Then we present an integrated spectrum and energy harvesting 5G architecture for dealing with current challenges. After that, based on the proposed architecture, we provide integrated spectrum and energy control mechanisms for typical 5G networks. Finally, we propose a cooperative medium access control scheme for heterogeneous 5G networks that attracts cooperative sensing participants with heterogeneous energy harvesting capabilities. Illustrative results demonstrate significant energy and spectrum efficiency for 5G wireless networks.

Fig. 3 The Scenario of Integrated Energy and Spectrum Harvesting in 5G System.