Background*

Mr. Julio Esteban Linares López was the Chief Operating Officer of Telefónica, S.A. from December 19, 2007 to September 17, 2012. Mr. López was the Chief Executive Officer of Telefonica SA. Since April 1990, he served as General Manager of Telefónica Investigación y Desarrollo. Mr. López served as Deputy General Manager of Marketing and Development of Telefónica Services in the commercial area since December 1994 and its Assistant Managing Director of Business Marketing. ... He served as the Chief Operating Officer of Telefónica Multimedia. He served as the Chief Executive Officer at Telefónica Multimedia since July 1997. Mr. López served as the President of Telefónica Cable and Producciones Multitematicas since July 1997. He served as the Chief Executive Officer of Telefónica de España S.A.U. since 2000. From May 1998 to January 2000, he served as General Manager of Strategy and Technology of Telefónica S.A.'s Corporate Centre. He has been the Chairman at Teleinformatica y Comunicaciones, S.A. since January 2000. Mr. López served as the Executive Chairman at Telefonica de Espana S.A.U from January 2000 to December 2005. He served as the Chairman and Directorof Telefónica de España, S.A.U. He served as the Chairman of Telefónica Cable and Producciones Multitemáticas. He served as the Chairman of Supervisory Board at Telefónica Czech Republic AS since June 2005 and as its Vice Chairman of Supervisory Board since April 2006. He served as the Chairman of Supervisory Board of Telefonica O2 Czech Republic, A.S from June 2005 to April 2006 and its Vice Chairman of Supervisory Board since April 2006. He has been a Vice Chairman of Telefónica, S.A. since September 17, 2012. He has been an Executive Director at Telefónica, S.A. since December 21, 2005. Mr. López has been a Non-Executive Director of Telefónica Europe plc since January 2006. He has been a Director of Telefónica Latinoamérica. He has been a Director of Telefonica Emisiones, S.A.U. since 2005. He serves as a Director of Telefónica Móviles España, S.A.U., Telefónica Data Corp., Gsma Ltd. and Telefónica de España, S.A.U. He served as a Director of Telecom Italia S.p.A. from November 8, 2007 to December 13, 2013. He served as a Director of Telecom Italia Mobile SpA since November 8, 2007. He served as a Non Executive and Proprietary Director at PRISA Televisión, S.A.U from March 21, 2006 to May 2008. He served as a Director of Telefónica Sistemas, Telefónica Investigación y Desarrollo and Vía Digital. He served as a Director of Sogecable SA from March 21, 2006 to May 2008. He served as a Director of Hispasat S.A. He serves as a Member of the Board of The Social Council, Complutense University of Madrid and Member of the Advisory Scientific Council of Telefónica I+D and Counselor representing innovating companies in the Science and Technology Advisory Board. He served as a Member of Supervisory Board at Telefónica Czech Republic AS from June 2005 to April 21, 2008. He served as a Member of Supervisory Board of Telefonica O2 Czech Republic, A.S from June 2005 to April 21, 2008. He holds a degree in Telecommunications Engineering from the Polytechnic University of Madrid.

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