Android (5.0+): In Lollipop, Google introduced a new style of tab management that treats individual Chrome tabs like distinct apps. If you have on-screen buttons, you can switch between related tabs by swiping along the navigation bar.

As Android Police demonstrates above, Chrome creates "sibling tabs" when you're browsing, that get grouped together in the task-switching menu. You can switch between these tabs by pressing on either the Back or Multitasking buttons in the on-screen navigation bar and swiping to the other side. It's a little unintuitive, and it only works on these sibling tabs (so you can't swipe back to older tabs or into other apps), but it's a nice quick way to navigate between tabs in a single browsing session.