CIVIL
APPEALS NOS. 3041-43 OF 1983 These appeals are directed against the judgment of
the Rajasthan High Court dated November 29, 1979, whereby the Writ Petitions
filed by the respondents have been allowed and the notice issued under Section
147(b) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (hereinafter referred to as `the Act') have
been quashed.

C.A.
No. 3041 of 1983 arises out of Writ Petition No. 1177 of 1974 filed by Purushottam
Das Bangur, respondent No. 1. it relates to the assessment of the said
respondent for the assessment year 1969-70. During the accounting year relevant
to the said assessment year the assessee claimed that he had suffered long term
capital loss on scale of shares of Maharaja Shree Umaid Mills Ltd. during the
period March 5, 1969 and March 30, 1969 at the price quoted in the Official
Report and quotations of the Calcutta Stock Exchange Association. According to
the assessee, he had incurred a loss of Rs. 1,57,792/-. The said claim of the assessee
was accepted by the Income Tax Officer, `C' ward, Jodhpur while making the assessment and the
same was affirmed in appeal by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner.

Subsequently,
the Income Tax Officer received a letter dated March 21, 1974 from Shri S.M. Bagai,
Deputy Director, Directorate of Inspector (Investigation), Special Cell, New
Delhi, wherein it was stated that on information obtained from the Bombay Stock
Exchange Directory the book value per equity share of Maharaja Shree Umaid
Mills Ltd, rose form Rs. 318,55 for the year ending December 21, 1965 to Rs. 401/-
for the year ending December 31, 1970 and the earning per share rose from Rs.
8.37 per share to Rs. 44/- per share during the abovementioned period and that
the dividend percentage also rose from 2% to 10% for the same period, but the
quotations of the shares in Calcutta Stock Exchange fell from Rs. 168/- to
Rs.85/- per share during this period. In the said letter of Shri Bagai it was
stated that it was clear from these facts that the quotations appearing are as
a result of certain manipulated transactions between the group and in cannot be
said that to reflect the fair market value of the company. Alongwith the said
letter Shri Bagai had annexed the information which was gathered by him on the
basis of the Bombay Stock Exchange Directory and other information. The said
letter of Shri Bagai was received by the Income Tax Officer on March 26, 1974. On March 27, 1974, he issued a
notice under Section 147(b) of the act whereby the assessee was informed that
the Income Tax Officer had the reason to believe that assessee's income
chargeable to tax for the assessment year 1969-70 had escaped assessment and,
therefore, the assessing authority proposed to reassess the income for the said
assessment year and the assessee was required to deliver to him a return in the
prescribed form of his income for the said year. Feeling aggrieved by the said
notice, the assessee filed Writ Petition No. 1177 of 1974 in the Rajasthan High
Court.

Similar
notices under Section 147(b) of the Act were issued to respondent No. 2, Rang Lal
Bangur, in respect of the assessment year 1969-70 and 1971-72 which were
challenged by him by filing Writ Petitions Nos. 1182 of 1974 and 57 of 1975
before the Rajasthan High Court.

All
the three Writ Petitions have been decided by the High Court by a common
judgment dated October 26, 1979 whereby the High Court has held that in the
facts and in the circumstances of the case, it could not be said that the
Income Tax officer had in his possession information in consequence of which he
could have reason to believe that income chargeable to tax had escaped
assessment for the relevant assessment years. The said decision of the High
Court has been assailed by the Income Tax Officer by filing these appeals.

Section
147(b) of the Act, as it stood at the relevant time, provided as follows :-
"147. If - (a) (Omitted) (b) notwithstanding that there has been no
omission or failure as mentioned in clause (a) on the part of the assessee, the
Income Tax Officer has in consequence of information in his possession reason
to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment for any
assessment year, he may subject to the provisions of sections 148 to 153,
assess or reassess such income or recompute the loss or the depreciation
allowance, as the case may be, for the assessment year concerned (hereinafter
in sections 148 to 153 referred to as the relevant assessment year)." A
perusal of clause (b) of Section 147 shows that for taking action under the
said provision what was required was that (i) the Income Tax Officer has
received information and (ii) in consequence of such information he has reason
to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment for any
assessment year. The question is whether in the present case after he had
completed the original assessment the Income Tax Officer had received
information on the basis of which he could have reason to believe that the
income chargeable to tax had escaped assessment.

Shri
D.R. Gupta, Income Tax Officer, `B' Ward, Jodhpur, who was the assessing
authority and who had issued the impugned notice, filed his counter affidavit
in reply to the Writ Petition wherein he stated that during the assessment
proceedings it was represented to him on behalf of the assessee that the shares
of Maharaja Shree Umaid Mills Ltd.

were
regularly quoted in the stock exchange and that the sale was affected by the assessee
at the prevalent market rate. A share quotation list was also shown to him and
in these circumstances, he accepted the version given by the assessee without
making any further inquiry regarding the market rates of the shares, as, at
that time, there was no material before him to suspect that the fair market
value of the shares was higher than the sale price given out by the assessee.
He has further stated that on March 26, 1974, he received a letter through Shri
C.S. Jain, inspecting Assistant Commissioner, Jodhpur Range, Jodhpur from Shri
S.M. Bagai, Deputy Director, Directorate of Inspection (Investigation), Special
Cell, New Delhi, dated March 21, 1974, along with some annexures and also a
telegram by Shri Bagai from Calcutta giving certain information regarding the
shares of Maharaja Shree Umaid Mills Ltd., Pali, which had been collected by
the said Director Shri S.M. Bagai. The telegram by Shri Bagai from Calcutta
indicated that on inquiries he had found that the shares of the said Company
were not regularly quoted in the Stock Exchange, Shri Gupta further stated that
he applied his mind to the aforesaid information and it appeared to him that
the quotation of the shares of the Mills at Calcutta Stock Exchange was a
result of certain manipulated transactions between the Bangur Group itself, ad
he, therefore, calculated the fair market value of the share at Rs.250/-, per
share on the relevant dates as against Rs. 84/-, and Rs. 85/-, per share. His
case was that it was in consequence of the aforesaid information received by
him on March 26, 1974, that he formed the reasonable belief that the fair
market value of the shares was far more than the sale price and the so-called
market quotations shown by the assessee at the time of the original assessment,
were manipulated ones, as a result of which the income chargeable to tax had
escaped assessment.

It
would thus appear that the impugned notice was issued by the Income Tax Officer
on the basis of the letter dated March 21, 1974 from Shri S.M. Bagai to Shri C.S. Jain.

The
said letter was as under :- "My dear Jain, Sub : Maharaja Shree Umaid
Mills Ltd., Pali I have received your D.O.No. C- Misc.(56)/73-74/229 dated 19th March, 1974 today through a special messenger
enclosing a statement regarding transfer of shares of the captioned company and
also statement regarding shareholding of that company on various dates. You
have just confirmed to me on telephone that you have retained a copy of the
statements for your own record.

2. I
am enclosing herewith a statement containing certain financial information
regarding the captioned company which has been extracted from this statement
the paid up equity capital of the company is Rs. 72,00,000/- divided into
72,000 shares of Rs. 100/- each, the equity share data at page 2 of the
enclosed statement indicates that the book value per equity share rose from Rs.
318.55 for the year ending 21st December, 1965 to Rs. 401/-, for the year
ending 31st December, 1970. The earning per share rose from Rs. 8.37 per share
to Rs. 44/- per share during the above mentioned period. The dividend
percentage also rose from 2% to 10% for the same period. In spite of all these
facts, the quotation of the shares in the Calcutta Stock Exchange fall from Rs.
168/- per share to Rs. 85/- per share during this period.

3. It
is clear from these facts that the quotations appearing are as a result of
certain manipulated transactions between the group itself and cannot be said to
reflect the fair market value of the company, the extract of which you have
given, shows transfer of a very small number of shares compared to 72,000
equity shares of the company.

4. The
statements sent by you contain the names of several shareholders both corporate
as well as non-corporate of Didwana and Pali, who appear to have been
transferring the shares of this company at values far below the market value of
the share. it would be worthwhile examining the asstt. record of their cases in
order to consider the feasibility of action u/s 52(2) of the Income Tax Act/4
of the Gift Tax Act.

5. The
equity shareholders list sent by you also gives the names of certain
shareholders of Didwana, Pali and Jodhpur. The Wealth Tex asstt. records of these persons will have to be
examined to consider whether the value of shares returned by them for the
purpose of their wealth tax assessment is really the open market value of the
shares at the relevant time. I shall be grateful if the information sent by me
is passed on to the concerned WTOS, ITOS and GTOs, so that they may apply their
mind to the facts of each individual case and lake such appropriate action
under the W.T. Act, I.T. Act and G.T. Act as they may deem fit.

6. I
am also enclosing herewith a copy of D.O. addressed to I.A.C.

Bikaner, who I believe has jurisdiction
over Didwana. This may kindly be sent by special messenger to him. I am also
sending one copy to him direct by post.

7. I
am proceeding to Calcutta on the evening of 22nd and in case
I got a some more relevant information, I shall send the same to you and
I.A.C., Bikaner directly. Meanwhile I would request
you to kindly obtain the value of the shares of the company as on 31.3.1969 by
the break-up method and by the maintainable profit method. These two values may
be worked out on the basis of Circular No. 2 (W.T.) of 1967 and communicated lome
telegraphically C/o Shri Subramanyam, I.A.C. Range XXI, Aayakar Bhawan, P-7 Chowringhes
Square, Calcutta, You may also convey this information to the CIT, Rajasthan
and IAC, Bikaner so that the information reaches the concerned Wealth Tax
Officers, Income tax Officers and Gift Tax Officers, who would be concerned
with the case of the other shareholders in Rajasthan.

With
regards, Your sincerely, Sd/- (S.M. Bagai)" In the second paragraph of his
letter Shri Bagai has referred to the statement containing certain financial
information regarding Maharaja Shri Umaid Mills Ltd. which he had extracted
from the Bombay Stock Exchange Directory and which he had forwarded as an
annexure along with the said letter. The said information was to the effect
that the paid up capital of the company was Rs. 72,00,000/- divided into 72,000
shares of Rs. 100/- each; the equity share data at page 2 of the enclosed
statement indicated that the book value per equity share rose from Rs. 318.55 for
the year ending December 21, 1970 to Rs. 401/- for the year ending December 31,
1970, the earning per share rose from Rs.8.37 per share to Rs. 44/- per share
during the abovementioned period and the dividend percentage also rose from 2%
to 10% for the same period. But in spite of all these facts, the quotation of
the shares in the Calcutta Exchange fell from Rs. 168/- per share to Rs. 85/-
per share during the said period. In the third paragraph of his letter Shri Bagai
has, on the basis of these facts, expressed the opinion that the quotations
appearing in the Calcutta Stock Exchange were as a result of the certain
manipulated transactions between group itself and cannot be said to reflect the
fair market value of the company. In the other paragraphs of his letter Shri Bagai
had suggested steps to be taken for further investigation in the matter.

The
High Court has proceeded on the basis that the aid letter of Shri Bagai did not
contain any information and that there was neither evidence of manipulation nor
evidence of collusive transactions referred to in the letter and that no
inquiries were made by the Income Tax Officer after the receipt of the letter
so as to constitute information. We are unable to agree with the said view of
the High Court.

The
contents of paragraph 2 of the letter of Shri Bagai refer to the statement
containing financial information regarding Maharaja Shree Umaid Mills Ltd.
which was annexed to the letter of Shri Bagai. The said statement contained
information derived from the Bombay Stock Exchange Directory about the
financial condition of Maharaja Shree Umaid Mills Ltd. during the period
1965-70 which indicated that during this period the company has prospered and
that the book value per equity share had arisen from Rs. 318.55 for the year
ending December 31, 1965 to Rs. 401/- for the ending December 31, 1970, the
earning per share rose from Rs. 8.37 per share to Rs. 44/- per share and that
dividend percentage had also risen from 2% to 10% for the same period.

On the
basis of the information contained in the letter of Shri Bagai and the
documents annexed to it, the Income Tax Officer could have had reason to
believe that the fair market value of the shares was far more than the sale
price and the market quotations from Calcutta Stock Association shown by the assessee
at the time of original assessment were manipulated ones and as a result income
chargeable to tax had escaped assessment. It could not be said that the
information that was contained in paragraph 2 of the letter of Shri Bagai was
not definite information and it could not be acted upon by the Income Tax
Officer for taking action under Section 147(b) of the Act.

Ms. Gauri
Rasgotra, the learned counsel appearing for the respondents, has urged that the
letter of Shri Bagai was received by the Income tax Officer on March 26, 1974
and on the very next day, that is, on March 27, 1974, he issued the impugned
notice under Section 147(b) of the Act and that he did not have conducted any
inquiry or investigation into the information sent by Shri Bagai. Merely
because the impugned notice was sent on the next day after receipt of the
letter of Shri Bagai does not mean that the Income Tax Officer did not apply
his mind to the information contained in the said letter of Shri Bagai. On the basis
of the said facts and information contained in the said letter, the Income Tax
officer, without any further investigation, could have formed the opinion that
there was reason to believe that the income of the assessee chargeable to tax
had escaped assessment. The High Court, in our opinion, was in error in
proceeding on the basis that it could not be said that the Income Tax Officer
had in his possession information on the basis of which he could have reasons
to believe that income of the assessee chargeable to tax had escaped assessment
for the relevant assessment years. For the reasons aforementioned, we are
unable to uphold the impugned judgment of the High Court. The appeal is,
therefore, allowed, the impugned judgment of the High Court is set aside and
the Writ Petitions filed by the respondents are dismissed. No order as to
costs.

CIVIL
APPEALS NOS. 3234-35 OF 1983 These appeals are directed against the judgment of
the High Court of Rajasthan dated November 26, 1979 whereby the High Court has
allowed Writ Petitions Nos. 1178 and 1181 of 1974 filed by the respondents and
has quashed the notices dated March 27, 1974 issued under Section 17 of the
Wealth Tax Act, 1957. This judgment of the High Court is based on its judgment
in D.B. Writ Petition No. 1177 of 1974 and connected Writ Petitions wherein the
High Court had quashed the notices issued by the Income Tax Officer under
Section 147(b) of the Act. For the same reasons the High Court has quashed the
notices under Section 17 of the Wealth Tax Act in these cases. The said
judgment of the High Court in D.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 1177 of 1974 and
connected Writ Petitions, titled Purshottam Das Bangur v. Wealth Tax Officer
& Ors., has been set aside in the judgment delivered in Civil Appeals Nos.
3041-43 of 1983. For the same reasons the impugned judgment of the High Court
cannot be upheld and has to be set aside. the appeals are accordingly allowed,
the impugned judgment of the High Court is set aside and the Writ Petitions
Nos. 1178 and 1181 of 1974 filled by respondents are dismissed. No order as to
costs.