Poverty in Scotland

Published:28 Jun 2016

ISBN:

9781786523310

An easy-read summary of statistics on poverty in Scotland. This has been developed jointly with the Poverty Truth Commission (PTC) and includes the main statistical headlines alongside contributions from people with experience of living in poverty.

Contents

Poverty in Scotland

When people in poverty are listened to, change
happens.

Introduction

This booklet sets out the latest poverty statistics for Scotland
in a simple way that we hope is easy to understand.

For the second year running, the Poverty Truth Commission has
helped us put the numbers into a real life context, asking people
with experience of poverty to talk about what it’s really
like to live on not much money.

In this booklet, you can read what they say on the biggest
poverty myths, the worst thing about living on a low income, and
how to get out of poverty.

You can find out more about the Commission at the end of this
report.

What is poverty?

In simple terms, living in poverty means being on a low income,
compared to the average family in Scotland.

If you live on your own or have a small family, you probably
need less money to get by than a larger family. That’s why
the ‘poverty line’ is different for different family
types.

We’ve shown below what the poverty line is for different
types of family. If your family has less than this amount each
week, after you’ve paid for your housing costs, you can be
said to be living in poverty.

Two Adults£243(£12,700 per year)

A couple with two children£393(£20,500 per year)

A single parent with two children£291(£15,200 per year)

A single person£141(£7,300 per year)

What is the worst thing about living in poverty?

We asked commissioners at the Poverty Truth Commission what the
worst thing was about living in poverty.

"Hard choices. And other people questioning those choices.
It can make you feel isolated."

"A lot of people might not particularly focus on what
they’ve not got as they have a happy family life. It’s
when folks discriminate against you that it hurts."

"Being a young person and growing up in
poverty."

"Stigma."

"Hiding it."

"Not being able to afford things."

"Living with it every day."

Poverty before housing costs

In 2014-15, 800,000 people(15%)were living in poverty in Scotland. That’s 70,000
more people than the year before.

Of the 800,000, 160,000 were children, 470,000 were
adults of working age and 160,000 were pensioners1.

Children -160,000(17%)

Working Age Adults - 470,000(15%)

Pensioners -160,000(15%)

1 Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Poverty after housing costs

We also measure how much poverty there is once people have paid
for their housing. This is important as housing costs are, for most
of us, unavoidable - we have to pay for somewhere to live. Some
people argue that this is a more accurate way of looking at
poverty, so the rest of this booklet focuses on this ‘after
housing costs’ measure of poverty.

In 2014-15, around 940,000 people(18%)were living in poverty in Scotland -the same number as 2013-14.

Of the 940,000, 220,000 were children, 600,000 were
adults of working age and 120,000 were pensioners.

Children -220,000(22%)

Working Age Adults - 600,000(19%)

Pensioners -120,000(12%)

What’s the biggest myth about poverty?

We asked commissioners at the Poverty Truth Commission what was
the biggest myth about poverty.

"We’re all skivers and scroungers."

"That we all live in rough areas and are
uneducated."

"That you can’t be in poverty if you are
working."

"The way we are represented on some programmes on the
TV. That we can all afford
luxuries and are having a great life."

"My life is nothing like that."

"That you can’t manage money properly."

"You bring it on yourself."

"That it’s your fault."

Changes in poverty over time

After housing costs, poverty remained at the same level for all
groups in 2014/15, compared to the previous year. Over the decade,
child poverty has fallen but the rates remain high. In the latest
year, more than one in five children lived in poverty.

In recent years, more people are in employment, especially those
in low income households. However, in 2014/15 the jobs they went
into tended to be part time, meaning they were likely to stay in
poverty even though they were working.

Welfare reform has meant benefits for working age people have
not increased at the same rate as earnings. For many low income
families, household income is not enough for them to escape poverty
despite being in employment.

In-work poverty is increasing

In 2014-15, more than half of working-age adults in poverty
(58%) lived in families where someone was in work. And two-thirds
of children in poverty (66%) also lived in families where someone
was working. This rate of ‘in-work poverty’ has been
steadily increasing for several years. This is partly due to more
people finding employment, which is good news, but low pay and
reductions in social security payments mean that people don’t
necessarily move out of poverty.

Even full-time employment is not enough - nearly a third of
households in working poverty had at least one person in full-time
employment.

58% of working age adults in poverty and 66% of children
in poverty lived in households where someone was in
work.

One woman’s experience

One commissioner at the Poverty Truth Commission told us
about her experience of working her way out of poverty but then
having to lose that job when her hours changed:

"I was working as a carer looking after two men, two brothers,
and I absolutely loved the job. After being unemployed for a long
time, it was like winning the lottery. I absolutely loved it, it
was perfect, a 9 to 5 job, Monday to Friday. Just perfect when
you’ve got kids.

But after four years, a new manager came in and said that they
would have to look at the hours of the job, and that I would
probably have to work at night time and weekends.

I panicked. I couldn’t do that, because I’ve got a
young child, and I had no one to look after her. In the end I got
paid off, because they didn’t have any other nine to five
jobs in the organisation so they paid me off. And there I was,
unemployed again."

Child material deprivation

The Scottish Government reports on the number of children who
are living on low incomes and experiencing material deprivation.
This means doing without items the majority of the population think
are basic necessities, because you can’t afford them. This is
a more direct way of measuring living standards, recognising that
parents might do without basic items themselves to make sure their
children can have them.

In 2014-15, around one in eight children (12%) were
living on low income after housing costs, and going without
necessities. Child material deprivation had been increasing in
recent years, but fell in 2014-15.

"My last holiday was 13 years ago when my youngest was two years
of age. It’s hard to explain to them during school holidays
when their friends are talking excitedly about going abroad and
they cannot join in the conversation. I try to protect my boys from
the sacrifices I make by not buying for myself or having a night
out with friends because I would rather give to them than to
myself. Our lives are not extravagant, and living like this is not
a choice."

Pensioner material deprivation

The Scottish Government also reports on material deprivation for
pensioners. This is another way of measuring living standards - and
simply asks whether pensioners have a set of basic items or can use
an essential service.

Pensioners might be materially deprived because they can’t
afford to do something; but they might also be deprived because
they are too ill; or they might be disabled and the service they
need might not be accessible; or they might not have enough
support.

This helps to think about material deprivation in a broader way
- that people might be deprived for a whole range of reasons, not
just income.

Around one in fourteen pensioners (7%) were materially
deprived

"We might not have this or that, but we can fight for it.
I’m proud of myself and the strength I’ve shown in
growing from the wee lassie that couldn’t speak at
school… I’m proud of the groups I’ve been
involved in and the places I’ve spoken.

“I meet some of my family and they say, ‘What are
you doing today? Going to another meeting?’ And I say
‘Aye, we’ve got to make things better for the
children.’ I’ve got six great-grandchildren. I want to
see a different future. One where everyone believes in themselves.
And I will keep working for it."

What’s the best way to get out of poverty?

We asked commissioners at the Poverty Truth Commission what was
the best way out of poverty.

"Joining in with other people. It can be hard to do this.
People in poverty are often too stressed and isolated to think or
pluck up the courage to speak out."

"Credit unions to help you with sudden bills."

"The Living Wage. And as long as there are zero hour
contracts, we’ll never get out of it."

"Decent wages."

"Have the right company around you. Good people who you
journey with. To reassure you and give you security."

"Solidarity and social justice."

The Poverty Truth Commission

The Poverty Truth Commission brings together two groups of
people who rarely get the chance to work together. People whose
professional lives affect those living in poverty, and people
actually experiencing poverty. We believe we cannot understand
poverty, let alone address it, until those who live with its
reality every day, are at the heart of the process for change.

Over the last seven years we have brought together some of
Scotland’s best known leaders and some of our economically
poorest citizens. Currently gathering commissioners for a fourth
round, we have focused our conversations and listening on subjects
(among others) such as kinship care, food poverty, welfare cuts and
the cost of school.

The Poverty Truth Commission is not like many other commissions.
We are not simply interested in gathering information, evidence and
proposing what needs to change. Whilst we present clear challenges
and call for change, we are primarily committed to being that
change, seeking to demonstrate the approach and culture shift we
advocate. We take what we learn and use it in our communities and
organisations. We are clear. Unless the people who experience
poverty are able to shape the solutions, and not just be the
recipients of the uninformed ideas of others, then nothing will
really alter. This is about all of us. When people in poverty are
listened to, change happens.

Relative Poverty in Scotland 2014/15

"Nobody knows what life is like till they’ve been in that
person’s shoes."

"At times I feel socially excluded - out of everything. I feel
like people look down on me. But I am still a human being. Every
time I get up, get a shower in the morning; get ready to go out,
every day is a battle. Poverty really affects your mental health.
The most important thing I’ve learnt is never to give up on
yourself. If you give up on yourself, what chance have you
got?"