Textbook-Integrated Guide to Educational Resources

TIGER

Molecules and Medicine (E. J. Corey, Barbara Czakó, and László Kürti)Robert E. BuntrockLooking for a book on common drugs and pharmaceuticals? On diseases and medical conditions? On pharmacology? In addition, do you need some background in chemistry to handle all of this information? If you want all of this, and in addition want it under one cover, then this is the book for you.Buntrock, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1495.

Bioorganic Chemistry |

Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Proteins / Peptides |

Synthesis |

Toxicology

Frank Westheimer's Early Demonstration of Enzymatic SpecificityAddison AultReviews one of the most significant accomplishments of one of the most respected chemists of the 20th centurya series of stereospecific enzymatic oxidation and reduction experiments that led chemists to recognize enantiotopic and diastereotopic relationships of atoms, or groups of atoms, within molecules. Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1246.

Asymmetric Synthesis |

Bioorganic Chemistry |

Catalysis |

Chirality / Optical Activity |

Enantiomers |

Enzymes |

Isotopes |

Nucleophilic Substitution |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Stereochemistry

"As Simple as Possible, but Not Simpler"—The Case of Dehydroascorbic AcidRobert C. KerberTextbooks routinely assign dehydroascorbic acid a tricarbonyl structure that is highly improbable in aqueous solution and inconsistent with its colorless appearance. Studies of oxidized forms of ascorbic acid are summarized here, and a plea is entered for accurate descriptions of chemical structures in this and other cases, even at the cost of some simplicity. Kerber, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1237.

Bioorganic Chemistry |

Free Radicals |

Natural Products |

NMR Spectroscopy |

Vitamins

Simple Potentiometric Determination of Reducing SugarsHenry Moresco, Pedro Sanson, and Gustavo SeoaneDescribes a potentiometric method for reducing sugar quantification. Its advantages include simplicity, low cost, and the ability to be conducted in colored and turbid samples. This analysis is also safer than the standard LaneEynon method for the determination of reducing sugars.Moresco, Henry; Sanson, Pedro; Seoane, Gustavo. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1091.

Carbohydrates |

Potentiometry |

Quantitative Analysis

Converting Municipal Waste into Automobile Fuel: Ethanol from NewspaperMark Mascal and Richard ScownIn this experiment, waste newspaper is pulped with acid and its cellulose hydrolyzed to produce glucose syrup that is fermented and distilled to yield ethanol. In doing so, students are introduced to carbohydrate chemistry and the use of fermentation in organic synthesis.Mascal, Mark; Scown, Richard. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 546.

Acids / Bases |

Alcohols |

Applications of Chemistry |

Biotechnology |

Carbohydrates |

Qualitative Analysis |

Synthesis |

Thin Layer Chromatography

Six Pillars of Organic ChemistryJoseph J. MullinsThis article focuses on a core set of conceptselectronegativity, polar covalent bonding, inductive and steric effects, resonance, and aromaticitythe proper application of which can explain and predict a wide variety of chemical, physical, and biological properties of molecules and conceptually unite important features of general, organic, and biochemistry.Mullins, Joseph J. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 83.

Bioorganic Chemistry |

Covalent Bonding |

Hydrogen Bonding |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Reactive Intermediates |

Resonance Theory

Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Salts of Tricyclic Cationic Drugs: A One-Pot Synthesis for the Bioorganic Chemistry LaboratoryLinda S. Brunauer, Abid C. Mogannam, Won B. Hwee, and James Y. ChenDescribes a one-pot conversion of tricyclic cationic drugs to their quaternary ammonium forms for a widely used bioactive drug, chlorpromazine, a phenothiazine-based antipsychotic. The conversion of parent drug to the methylated form was evaluated by qualitatively measuring its ability to induce alterations in the shape of mammalian erythrocytes.Brunauer, Linda S.; Mogannam, Abid C.; Hwee, Won B.; Chen, James Y. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1992.

Structures for the ABO(H) Blood Group: Which Textbook Is Correct?John M. RisleySix textbooks and two Internet sites show different structures for the A, B, and O(H) antigens of the ABO(H) blood group, but none of them are correct. This article emphasizes the correct molecular structures because it is important to distinguish between those carbohydrates that make up the antigens and those that are not part of the antigenic structures.Risley, John M. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1546.

Bioorganic Chemistry |

Carbohydrates |

Natural Products |

Molecular Properties / Structure

The A1c Blood Test: An Illustration of Principles from General and Organic ChemistryRobert C. KerberThe glycated hemoglobin blood test is a key measure of the effectiveness of glucose control in diabetics. The chemistry of glucose in the bloodstream, which underlies the test and its impact, provides an illustration of the importance of chemical equilibrium and kinetics to a major health problem.Kerber, Robert C. . J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1541.

Applications of Chemistry |

Bioinorganic Chemistry |

Carbohydrates |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Proteins / Peptides |

Bioorganic Chemistry

Synthesis of Anomeric Methyl Fructofuranosides and Their Separation on an Ion-exchange ResinErkki Nurminen, Päivi Poijärvi, Katja Koskua, and Jari HovinenTreatment of d-fructose with methanol in the presence of acid as a catalyst gives a mixture of methyl--d-fructopyranoside, methyl-a-D-fructofuranoside, and methyl--d- fructofuranoside, which are separated on an ion exchange column and characterized polarimetrically.Nurminen, Erkki; Poijärvi, Päivi; Koskua, Katja; Hovinen, Jari. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1480.

Carbocations |

Chirality / Optical Activity |

Chromatography |

Ion Exchange |

NMR Spectroscopy |

Synthesis |

Thin Layer Chromatography |

Carbohydrates

Synthesis of Plant Auxin Derivatives and Their Effects on Ceratopteris richardiiCorey E. Stilts and Roxanne FisherIn this experiment, organic chemistry students synthesize derivatives of their own design of the plant auxins indole-3-acetic acid and 1-naphthalene acetic acid. Biochemistrycell biology students then examine the development of Ceratopteris richardii gametophytes on medium containing auxin derivatives synthesized in the organic chemistry lab.Stilts, Corey E.; Fisher, Roxanne. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 999.

Chemical Aspects of General Anesthesia: Part II. Current PracticesRobert Brunsvold and Daryl L. OstercampWith the basic elements of balanced general anesthesia in place by the 1950s, the focus turned to developing safer and more effective agents and to improving procedures. During the last half-century a new generation of intravenous induction anesthetics, inhalational anesthetics, and muscle relaxants has emerged.Brunsvold, Robert; Ostercamp, Daryl L. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1826.

Bioorganic Chemistry |

Chirality / Optical Activity |

Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |

Medicinal Chemistry |

Synthesis

Chemical Aspects of General Anesthesia: Part I. From Ether to HalothaneRobert Brunsvold and Daryl L. OstercampSummarizes general anesthesia from 1846 to 1956. Events leading up to the adoption of a "balanced" approach, where a sequence of individual compounds is used rather than a single agent, are described.Brunsvold, Robert; Ostercamp, Daryl L. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1821.

Acids / Bases |

Bioorganic Chemistry |

Chirality / Optical Activity |

Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |

Medicinal Chemistry |

Synthesis

Chemical Aspects of Local and Regional AnesthesiaRobert Brunsvold and Daryl L. OstercampThe chemistry that underlies the development of local and regional anesthesia is explored. Emphasis is placed upon the importance of acidity constants and lipophilic versus hydrophilic character in interpreting what affect a particular compound has upon biological processes.Brunsvold, Robert; Ostercamp, Daryl L. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1816.

Nature's Way To Make the LantibioticsHeather A. Relyea and Wilfred A. van der DonkThis article focuses on one class of antimicrobial compounds, the lantibiotics, and discusses their biosynthetic pathways as well as their molecular mode of action. In the course of the review, the meaning of the terms regio-, chemo-, and stereoselectivity are discussed.Relyea, Heather A.; van der Donk, Wilfred A. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1769.

Applications of Chemistry |

Bioorganic Chemistry |

Biotechnology |

Biosynthesis |

Catalysis |

Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |

Proteins / Peptides

Molecular Model of Creatine SynthesisWilliam F. ColemanThe Featured Molecules for this month come from the synthesis of creatine and illustrate some of the limitations associated with the computation of molecular structure. Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1657.

The Chemistry of Popcorn: Polymers of GlucoseWilliam F. ColemanThe Featured Molecules this month are all polymers of glucose and include cellobiose, maltose, 10-mer of cellulose, 40-mer of amylose, and an amylopectin fragment.Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 413.

Molecular Modeling |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Carbohydrates

Glycosyltransferases A and B: Four Critical Amino Acids Determine Blood TypeNatisha L. Rose, Monica M. Palcic, and Stephen V. EvansHuman A, B, and O blood type is determined by the presence or absence of distinct carbohydrate structures on red blood cells. In this review the chemistry of the blood group ABO system and the role of glycosyltransferase A, glycosyltransferase B, and the four amino acids critical to determining blood group status are discussed. Rose, Natisha L.; Palcic, Monica M.; Evans, Stephen V. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1846.

Demonstrating Encapsulation and Release: A New Take on Alginate Complexation and the Nylon Rope TrickAndrienne C. Friedli and Inge R. SchlagerThree variations on a classroom demonstration of the encapsulation of droplets and evidence for release of the interior solution are described. The first two demonstrations mimic biocompatible applications of encapsulation. A third encapsulation exercise exploits the irreversible interfacial polymerization of diamine and diacid chloride to form membranes and illustrates the detection of diamine release from the capsule using an indicator. Friedli, Andrienne C.; Schlager, Inge R. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1017.

Volatile Organic Sulfur Compounds of Environmental Interest: Dimethyl Sulfide and Methanethiol. An Introductory OverviewThomas G. Chasteen and Ronald BentleyVolatile organic sulfur compounds and their degradation products play important environmental roles in global warming, acid precipitation, and cloud formation. Two important members of this group, dimethyl sulfide, DMS, and methanethiol, MT, are formed by living organisms as well as by abiotic processes. The chemical reactions responsible for the biosynthesis of DMS and MT are emphasized here, as well as means for their degradation. Since sulfur compounds are often ignored in normal course work, this article provides a basic foundation for an understanding of these interesting and environmentally significant compounds. Chasteen, Thomas G.; Bentley, Ronald. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 1524.

Inverting Organic and Biochemistry: A Curriculum Tweak That Benefits AllI. David ReingoldThis article makes the case for re-ordering the material currently taught in sophomore organic chemistry and junior biochemistry courses, so that most of the biochemistry appears in the sophomore course and some of the more esoteric organic chemistry material is postponed until junior year.Reingold, I. David. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 470.

Administrative Issues |

Bioorganic Chemistry |

Learning Theories

Food: The Chemistry of Its Components, 4th Edition (T. P. Coultrate)Richard PagniThe book begins with an extensive discussion of the major constituents of food: sugars and their polymers, lipids, and amino acids and their polymers. This is followed by fascinating chapters on colors and flavors, the ingredients that do so much to make food enjoyable.Pagni, Richard. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 39.

Application of Datalogger in Biosensing: A Glucose BiosensorMartin M. F. Choi and Pui Shan WongUsing an eggshell as a platform for the immobilization of glucose oxidase while determining glucose concentration through the depletion of oxygen as measured by an oxygen sensor and datalogger.Choi, Martin M. F.; Wong, Pui Shan. J. Chem. Educ.2002, 79, 982.

Carbohydrates |

Enzymes |

Instrumental Methods |

Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |

Qualitative Analysis |

Quantitative Analysis

Carbohydrate Analysis: Can We Control the Ripening of Bananas?S. Todd Deal, Catherine E. Farmer, and Paul F. CerpoviczProcedure to determine the carbohydrate composition of bananas at various stages of ripeness and testing various methods of storage for their effectiveness in preserving desirable qualities.Deal, S. Todd; Farmer, Catherine E.; Cerpovicz, Paul F. J. Chem. Educ.2002, 79, 479.

Factors Affecting Reaction Kinetics of Glucose OxidaseKristin A. JohnsonDemonstration based on a biochemical kinetics experiment in which the rate of reaction varies with the enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, substrate used in the reaction, and temperature. Johnson, Kristin A. J. Chem. Educ.2002, 79, 74.

A Chemical-Medical Mystery: Gold Jewelry and Black Marks on SkinBarbara B. KebbekusGold jewelry at times makes a black mark or smudge on skin. This may be caused by abrasive powders on the skin (e.g. zinc oxide) but the phenomenon may also be caused by other skin conditions, possibly the presence of chloride ion, acidity, or sulfur-containing amino acids.Kebbekus, Barbara B. J. Chem. Educ.2000, 77, 1298.

Bioorganic Chemistry |

Geochemistry |

Hormones |

Metals |

Solids |

Applications of Chemistry

Two Faces of AlkaloidsJirí DostálThe article discusses and compares the salts and free bases of six well-known alkaloids: nicotine, morphine, cocaine, sanguinarine, allocryptopine, and magnoflorine. Relevance for the biological and medical uses of these compounds is emphasized. Dostál, Jirí. J. Chem. Educ.2000, 77, 993.

SOS: A Mnemonic for the Stereochemistry of GlucoseRonald StarkeyThe mnemonic SOS (Same, Opposite, Same) can be helpful to recall the stereochemistry in either D-glucose or L-glucose. It refers to the configurations of C-2, C-3, and C-4 relative to that of C-5 in an aldohexose. Starkey, Ronald. J. Chem. Educ.2000, 77, 734.

Identifying Softwoods and Hardwoods by Infrared SpectroscopyBrady Barker and Noel L. OwenInfrared spectra of 45 softwoods and hardwoods have been recorded. The wavenumber values of the carbonyl stretching vibration and one of the ring-breathing modes of lignin are used to distinguish softwoods from hardwoods. The differences between the absorption bands for the softwoods and hardwoods in each instance are shown to be statistically significant. Barker, Brady; Owen, Noel L. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 1706.

Carbohydrates |

Instrumental Methods |

IR Spectroscopy |

Plant Chemistry |

Molecular Properties / Structure

Demonstration of Optical Rotatory Dispersion of SucroseS. M. Mahurin, R. N. Compton, and Richard N. ZareA method for demonstrating and measuring the optical activity of chiral molecules in solution is described in which the rotation of linearly polarized light is directly observed at right angles to the propagation of light in the liquid. Mahurin, S. M.; Compton, Robert N.; Zare, Richard N. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 1234.

Instrumental Methods |

Lasers |

Spectroscopy |

Carbohydrates

A New Method To Convert the Fischer Projection of Monosaccharide to the Haworth ProjectionQing-zhi Zhang and Shen-song ZhangThe D,L-configuration of a sugar in Haworth projection can be directly determined by designating the R,S-configuration of the highest-numbered asymmetric carbon; that is, the most distant carbon from the anomeric carbon. The R-configuration at this carbon corresponds to the D-family, and S- to the L-family. Zhang, Qing-zhi; Zhang, Shen-song. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 799.

A Simple Method To Demonstrate the Enzymatic Production of Hydrogen from SugarNatalie Hershlag, Ian Hurley, and Jonathan WoodwardIn the experimental protocol described here, it has been demonstrated that the common sugar glucose can be used to produce hydrogen using two enzymes, glucose dehydrogenase and hydrogenase. No sophisticated or expensive hydrogen detection equipment is required-only a redox dye, benzyl viologen, which turns purple when it is reduced. The color can be detected by a simple colorimeter. Hershlag, Natalie; Hurley, Ian; Woodward, Jonathan. J. Chem. Educ.1998, 75, 1270.

Enzymes |

Kinetics |

UV-Vis Spectroscopy |

Carbohydrates |

Applications of Chemistry

Working with Enzymes - Where Is Lactose Digested? An Enzyme Assay for Nutritional Biochemistry LaboratoriesSandi R. Pope, Tonya D. Tolleson, R. Jill Williams, Russell D. Underhill, and S. Todd DealAn enzyme assay utilizing lactase enzyme from crushed LactAid tablets and a 5% lactose solution ("synthetic milk"). In the experiment, the students assay the activity of the enzyme on the "synthetic milk" at pHs of approximately 1, 6, and 8 with the stated goal of determining where lactose functions in the digestive tract. The activity of the lactase may be followed chromatographically or spectrophotometrically. Pope, Sandi R.; Tolleson, Tonya D.; Williams, R. Jill; Underhill, Russell D.; Deal, S. Todd. J. Chem. Educ.1998, 75, 761.

Enzymes |

Carbohydrates |

Catalysis |

Chromatography |

Spectroscopy |

Nutrition

Kinetic Demonstration of Intermolecular General Acid (GA) Catalysis in Thiolysis of 9-Anilinoacridine Mohammad Niyaz KhanAfter nearly five decades of active research and numerous publications on GA-GB catalysis, introduction of an experiment on GA for students majoring in enzymology/physical organic chemistry at advanced undergraduate/postgraduate level is appropriate. A kinetic experiment involving the reaction of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) with 9-anilinoacridine (9-ANA) is designed to demonstrate intermolecular GA catalysis. Khan, Mohammad Niyaz. J. Chem. Educ.1998, 75, 632.

Bioinorganic Chemistry |

Bioorganic Chemistry |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Catalysis |

Acids / Bases |

Kinetics

A Mini-Qualitative Carbohydrate Analysis SessionJohannes S. Malherbe and Cornelius J. MeyerA qualitative analysis scheme for a limited selection of carbohydrates (i.e. some mono- and disaccharides) using a flowchart approach. Procedures, for the preparation of all reagents, the tests and a brief description of the results are detailed. Malherbe, Johannes S.; Meyer, Cornelius J. J. Chem. Educ.1997, 74, 1304.

Carbohydrates |

Qualitative Analysis |

Nonmajor Courses

Protecting Groups in Carbohydrate ChemistrySigthór PéturssonThe most important protecting groups in carbohydrate chemistry are reviewed. The paper is aimed at those beginning to specialize in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry and at teachers with other specialties who wish to go beyond the content of general organic chemistry textbooks.Petursson, Sigthor. J. Chem. Educ.1997, 74, 1297.

Carbohydrates |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Synthesis

Iron as Nutrient and PoisonN. M. Senozan and M. P. ChristianoIron containing compounds of the body and the ingestion and elimination of iron, the function and transport of this metal among different sites and substances of the body, and biochemical defects and nutritional habits that lead to excessive accumulation of iron and some unexpected consequences of this accumulation are described.Senozan, N. M.; Christiano, M. P. J. Chem. Educ.1997, 74, 1060.

Bioinorganic Chemistry |

Bioorganic Chemistry |

Food Science |

Metals |

Vitamins |

Toxicology |

Nutrition |

Applications of Chemistry |

Descriptive Chemistry

Laser-Based Liquid Prism Sucrosemeter - A Precision Optical Method to Find Sugar ConcentrationV. Anantha Narayanan and Radha NarayananA hollow prism was used in the minimum deviation position to investigate the refraction in a series of aqueous solutions of varying sucrose content. The 6328 A red line of the He-Ne 1 mW laser was used as the light source. Calibration graph of % weight of sucrose vs minimum linear deviation between incident and refracted rays is given. Sources of errors are discussed. The calibration graph was tested with success on three control sugar solutions. Narayanan, V. Anantha; Narayanan, Radha. J. Chem. Educ.1997, 74, 221.

Carbohydrates |

Lasers

Following Microscale Organic Reactions Using FT-IRJanice Ems-WilsonThis article describes an experiment that encourages discussion of carbohydrate chemistry in terms of reaction mechanisms, conformational analysis, and spectroscopy. The specific experiment involves the preparation of the bis(acetonide) of D-(+)-mannose.Ems-Wilson, Janice. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, A170.

Microscale Lab |

Carbohydrates |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Conformational Analysis |

Spectroscopy |

Synthesis |

Aldehydes / Ketones |

Alcohols

Elements of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Ninth Editionreviewed by John GanchoffThe audience for this text includes students in the health sciences (other than physicians) and nonscience students with an interest in the molecular nature of matter. The text can be used for a one-term course and does not have any chemistry prerequisites. Ganchoff, John. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, A135.

Bioorganic Chemistry |

Nonmajor Courses

The Use of a "Qual" Centrifuge for Greatly Simplifying and Speeding the Study of MilkQuentin R. PetersenLaboratory study of the constituents of milk is almost always slowed by difficult separation of relatively large amounts of curd and whey by filtration. In the two-and-one-half hour experiment described, only 5 mL of skim milk is used and the curd is separated from the whey by using a simple "qual" centrifuge.J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, 848.

Inclass interactive worksheets for organic chemistryOstercamp, Daryl L.The author has designed two in-class worksheets for use near the end of a two semester organic chemistry course, one dealing with mono- and disaccharides and the second dealing with alpha-amino acids and dipeptides.Ostercamp, Daryl L. J. Chem. Educ.1992, 69, 318.

Carbohydrates |

Amino Acids |

Proteins / Peptides

Teaching bioorganic chemistry: An introductory courseDugas, HermannBioorganic chemistry could be defined as a discipline that is essentially concerned with using the tools of organic chemistry to understand biochemical processes.Dugas, Hermann J. Chem. Educ.1992, 69, 268.

Bioorganic Chemistry |

Catalysis |

Biological Cells |

Proteins / Peptides |

Medicinal Chemistry

The conversion of chemical energy: Part 2. Biochemical examplesWink, Donald J.Biological systems regulate energy transfer reactions through enzymes that permit a spontaneous reaction to go faster through a mechanism that also accomplishes work instead of, or in addition to, releasing energy as heat.Wink, Donald J. J. Chem. Educ.1992, 69, 264.

Carbohydrate stereochemistryShallenberger, Robert S.; Wienen, Wanda J.A progress in the development of general stereochemical principles has been significantly influenced by studies that led to determination of the crystalline and solution structures of sugars, the subject of carbohydrate chemistry is developed here in historical fashion.Shallenberger, Robert S.; Wienen, Wanda J. J. Chem. Educ.1989, 66, 67.

Carbohydrates |

Stereochemistry

The biochemistry of brewing Bering, Charles L.There are few topics that hold the attention of students as much as the one presented in this paper.Bering, Charles L. J. Chem. Educ.1988, 65, 519.

Biological Cells |

Carbohydrates |

Applications of Chemistry |

Alcohols |

Metabolism |

Enzymes |

Biotechnology |

Molecular Biology |

Consumer Chemistry

A laboratory exercise in the determination of carbohydrate structuresWhite, Bernard J.; Robyt, John F.A laboratory exercise in the determination of carbohydrate structures that introduces students to important aspects of science, such as designing experiments, making observations, and testing hypotheses.White, Bernard J.; Robyt, John F. J. Chem. Educ.1988, 65, 164.

A correction on the Benedict testHill, William D., Jr.Sodium hydroxide is also needed for the formation of copper(I) oxide in the identification of carbohydrates.Hill, William D., Jr. J. Chem. Educ.1982, 59, 334.

The metabolism of carbohydratesTraces the metabolism of carbohydrates and the flow of materials among the various resource pools in living systems.J. Chem. Educ.1979, 56, 534.

Carbohydrates |

Metabolism |

Bioenergetics

Salt effects on the hydrolysis of sucroseDordick, Robert S.; Clarke, George A.Under the appropriate conditions, the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose follows pseudo-first order kinetics.Dordick, Robert S.; Clarke, George A. J. Chem. Educ.1979, 56, 352.

The use of talc as a tlc adsorbentWalsh, Brother Joseph M.Describes the use of talc as a thin layer chromatography adsorbent, particularly with respect to the separation of flavonoids, sugars, and proteins.Walsh, Brother Joseph M. J. Chem. Educ.1967, 44, 294.

Letter to the editorGarrigan, George A.Comments on the teaching potential of an earlier published experiment involving the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose.Garrigan, George A. J. Chem. Educ.1966, 43, 681.

Evidence for the configuration on carbon 1 of d-glucoseSickels, Jackson P.; Schultz, Harry P.The pyranose forms of alpha- and beta-D-glucose, because of the cyclohexane conformations of their six-membered rings, do not explain the results of the conductivity of these sugars in boric acid.Sickels, Jackson P.; Schultz, Harry P. J. Chem. Educ.1964, 41, 343.

A chart of the stereochemical relationships of the aldosesNelson, Peter F.Provides a chart of the stereochemical relationships of the aldoses that allows students to review and visualize the Rosanoff classification by comparing the D and L enantiomeric forms.Nelson, Peter F. J. Chem. Educ.1957, 34, 179.