viability via blocking cell cycle and progressing apoptosis. The apoptosis was partially dependent upon caspase-8 concomitant with attenuated NF-kappa B survival signal due to stimulus of TNF-alpha. It suggests that PAK4 as target is a switch between caspase-8 apoptosis and NF-kappa B survival signals induced by TNF-alpha in hepatocarcinoma cells.

in patients with coronary artery disease and without acute myocardial infarction leptin may represent a potential mechanism of adverse cardiac remodeling. Resistin and TNF-alpha might not be involved in ventricular remodeling in these patients.

Meta-analysis of 25 studies examining TNF-alpha (G308A) and IL-6 (C174G) gene mutation and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) risk. According to the results of subgroup analysis of ethnicity, it suggested that TNF-alpha (G308A) polymorphism was not significantly associated with CHD risk under all models in Asians; no connected of IL-6 C174G polymorphism with CHD risk under all models in Caucasians.

The TNF-alpha concentration and its polymorphic variability in the promoter region may indicate genetic susceptibility and mildly influence the risk for Plasmodium vivax infection during pregnancy and in women with malaria.

The results strongly suggest that the integrated pathway of TGF-beta/Snail with TNFalpha/NF-kappaB may be the principal axis that links cancer cells to their microenvironment during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process and results in poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients.

Higher TNF-alpha levels were associated with poor outcomes 1 year after stroke in the presence of the -850T and -308A alleles, and IL-1beta levels were associated with poor 1-year stroke outcomes in the presence of the -511T and +3953T alleles

A significant association of rs6265 AA+AGxrs1799964 CC+CT with schizophrenia was observed (OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.02-1.27; P=.02). There were significant differences in the RBANS attention and total scores between the patients with rs6265A and rs1799964C alleles and those without these two alleles (P=.03 and P=.03 after Bonferroni correction, respectively).

Genetic predisposition to rheumatoid arthritis in Russian population in the Republic of Karelia is associated with the presence of the GG TNF-alpha genotype.

Mouse (Murine) Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) interaction partners

In addition to highlighting the importance of TNF in CD8(+) T cell- and NK cell-mediated killing of tumor cells, our study also provides a comprehensive picture of the roles of the TNF, IFN, and antigen presentation pathways in immune-mediated tumor surveillance.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-6 were upregulated during BCG infection but downregulated by Rv2346c.

TNF-alpha induced autophagy in cementoblasts was dependent, or partially dependent on the activity of Stat3 signaling pathway.

Although IL-1beta is a proinflammatory cytokine, its effects on aneurysm formation and macrophage polarization differ from TNF-alpha. The differential effects of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha inhibition are related to M1/M2 macrophage polarization

Following Unfolded Protein Response activation during autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa progression, secrete TNFalpha and signal a self-destructive program to the cones, resulting in their cell death.

In a hypercaloric environment, persistent elevation of microglial reactivity and consequent TNFalpha secretion induces mitochondrial stress in POMC neurons that contributes to the development of obesity. Specific disruption of the gene expressions of TNFalpha downstream signals TNFSF11A or NDUFAB1 in the mediobasal hypothalamus of diet-induced obese mice reverses mitochondrial elongation and reduces obesity.

persistent stimulation with titanium particles may lead to a consistent release of TNF-alpha and IL-6 via SPHK-2 activity, which may lead to aseptic implant loosening

macrophage-TNF-induced AKT/beta-catenin signalling in Lgr5(+) hair follicle stem cells has a crucial role in promoting hair follicle cycling and neogenesis after wounding

Transmembrane TNF, TNFR2 and TNFR1 (indirectly) are critical for preventing inflammation during BCG-induced pleurisy in mice.

findings demonstrate a new role for TNFalpha as a key regulator of neutrophil trafficking into and within lymphatic system in vivo.

Our work suggested that TNF-alpha and TNF-R1 are the major contributors of TNF signaling pathway in anesthesia-induced spinal cord neurotoxicity. Targeting TNF-alpha / TNF-R1, not TNF-R2 signaling pathway may be the key component to rescue or prevent anesthesia-induced apoptotic injury in spinal cord neurons.

observation from the present research work reveals that Quercetin suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines at different levels, such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and inhibits the activation of I-kappaB phosphorylation, whereas the total content was not affected.

this is the first evidence to suggest that TET2 mutations promote clonal dominance with aging by conferring TNFalpha resistance to sensitive bone marrow progenitors while also propagating such an inflammatory environment.

These data may indicate that insulin resistance in Adp(-/-) mice is likely caused by an increase in concentrations of TNFalpha and FFA via downregulation of PPARalpha.

Cow (Bovine) Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) interaction partners

Data suggest that luteolytic factors (such as TNFa, interferon gamma, and PGF2a) control expression of MMP1, other matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase in cultured luteal cells.

These results suggest that polymorphism of the TNFalpha-824 A>G gene and mTNFalpha protein expression play an important role in the pathogenesis of enzootic bovine leukosis.

These results suggest that the endometrium might lower the TNF concentration in the blastocyst by (1) regulating TNF secretion into the uterine fluid and (2) inducing decreased TNF and TNFR2 mRNA transcription in the embryo.

There was a significant association between the proviral load and a low frequency of the G/G genotype of TNF-alpha at position -824.

Studied genotypic and expression profiling of partial TNF-alpha gene and its association with mastitis susceptibility in 129 crossbred cattle.

Messenger RNA and protein levels of prostaglandin (PG) E synthase (PGES), PGF2alpha receptor (PGFR), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and Fas were found to be higher in the corpus luteum of pregnancy than in corpus luteum of the cycle.

These results provide evidence for a high prevalence of subclinical endometritis in repeat breeding cows as well as the involvement of TNFalpha and iNOS pathways in the regulation of this pathological condition.

Exposure to follicular fluid transiently increased the transcript levels of IL8 and PTGS2, and decreased the expression of SOD2, GPX3, DAB2, and NR3C1. TNF and IL6 levels were also decreased while those of NAMPT were unaffected.

the effects of lysophopatidic acid on TNFalpha and IFNgamma - induced decrease of progesterone synthesis and on the cytokine - induced apoptosis of the cultured luteal cells.

potential DNA markers in the improvement of immunity to mastitis

A role for TNFalpha in intervertebral disc degeneration: a non-recoverable catabolic shift.

The differences in genetic polymorphism of TNFalpha between dairy dairy cattle herds infected and not infected with the bovine leukemia virus are reported.

These results suggest that TNF-alpha sources include immune cells, as well as large and small luteal cells, and that TNF-RI and TNF-RII are present in the luteal cells of the bovine corpus luteum.

Role of TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha in IL-1beta mediated activation of proMMP-9 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells: involvement of an aprotinin sensitive protease.

Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha response to either of two lipopolysaccharide challenges was lower in progesterone-treated than in 17beta-estradiol-treated steers. Xanthine oxidase response to either challenge was greater for estradiol-treated steers.

The expression and cellular localization of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and its receptors (TNFRI and TNFRII) mRNAs and proteins, were determined.

Gene expression changes were observed, but there were no changes in TNFalpha concentrations, which may indicate its local involvement in catabolic adaptation of adipose tissue.

Pig (Porcine) Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) interaction partners

these findings provide the direct evidence that ADAM17 cleaves porcine TNFalpha, which represents a new view for identifying potential therapeutic targets in anti-porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus therapy

TNF-alpha induced MMP-13 expression by condylar cells might be involved in the degradation of the juvenile condyle.

TNF-alpha was able to promote theca interna cell proliferation. Our results suggest that TNF-alpha might play a role in hyperandrogenism, cortex thickness, and the increased ovary volume observed in polycystic ovaries.

This study showed that the -791(C-->T) mutation of the TNF-alpha gene could be considered an important potential genetic marker of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18 resistance.

Both Nsp1beta and Nsp11 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus were demonstrated to be responsible for the inhibitory effect on TNF-alpha production in pulmonary alveolar macrophages.

Study presents evidence demonstrating a single species of exotoxin ApxI, derived from A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 10, induces the expression and production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-8 and TNF-alpha in porcine alveolar macrophages.

the role of miR-181a in adipocyte differentiation by regulation of TNF-alpha

The NOS inhibitor, L-NMMA, significantly suppressed the combined effects of HT and CORM-2 on TNFalpha-triggered NFkappaBp65 phosphorylation as well as decreased cell viability.

High-volume hemofiltration improves hemodynamics and heart dysfunction in septic shock pigs, which may be attributed to reduction of TNF-alpha in myocardium but not in circulation.

Data show that all five molecules, BNP, ICAM-1, TNF-alpha, VCAM-1 and IL-6, quickly and reliably signaled adverse interactions.

These results suggest that trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid can modulate TNF-alpha production and NF-kappa B expression by a PPARgamma-dependent pathway in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Retinal ischemia results in increased expression of TNF-alpha and its receptors (TNF-R1 and TNF-R2).

increased plasma levels during recovery from cardiac arrest are associated with left ventricle dysfunction

Zebrafish Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) interaction partners

Mecp2 is required for tnfa expression during zebrafish development and inflammation.

Using in vivo, time-lapse imaging we show that as centrally-projecting pioneer axons from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) enter the spinal cord, they initiate expression of the cytokine TNFalpha. This induction coincides with ensheathment of these axons by associated glia via a TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2)-mediated process.

The results reveal a crucial role for TNFalpha/TNFR2 axis in the protection of the skin against DUOX1-mediated oxidative stress.

Antisense knockdown of tnfa rescued hepatic steatosis and liver degeneration in dtp larvae, whereas the overexpression of tnfa and the hepatic phenotype were unchanged in dtp larvae.

TNF is not required for tuberculous granuloma formation, but maintains granuloma integrity indirectly by restricting mycobacterial growth within macrophages and preventing their necrosis.

The main proinflammatory effects of fish TNF-alpha are mediated through the activation of endothelial cells and point to the complexity of the evolution that has taken place in the regulation of innate immunity by cytokines.

Rhesus Monkey Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) interaction partners

These interactions result in the induction of the TNF signaling pathway, activation of apoptosis, and DNA-damage stress response.

The contribution of bronchial epithelium to airway inflammation, with focus on mRNA and protein expression of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha, in horses with recurrent airway obstruction during exacerbation and in remission is reported.

The effects of semen extender and seminal plasma on the expression of inflammatory modulators in the endometrium of mares are reported.

Rabbit Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) interaction partners

TUNEL staining was positively correlated with TNF-a protein expression. Our findings suggest that apoptosis can be induced in the vocal fold epithelium after 120min of modal intensity phonation. In contrast, shorter durations of vibration exposure do not result in apoptosis signaling.

Inflammatory factors such as TNF-alpha can stimulate MMP-2/9 activity in corneal epithelium cells. This may be a potential manipulating mechanism of MMP expression in the pathogenesis of corneal diseases.

The JNK pathway plays an important role in mechanical ventilation-stimulated TNF-alpha expression in alveolar macrophages, but the injury-stimulated IL-8 expression may be regulated by other signaling pathways.

Cynomolgus Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) interaction partners

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Antigen Profile

Antigen Summary

This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It can bind to, and thus functions through its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. Knockout studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine.