All around the world, especially in the developing parts, there are widespread instances of children being used as an informal labor force across industrial sectors. According to surveys, countries like Sudan, Congo, Zimbabwe, Pakistan and Ethiopia have consistently ranked high on the child labor employment charts. But it is India, the largest democratic republic nation in the world that has the dubious distinction of being regarded as the worst of the lot.>

The actual numbers vary since there is no real consistency on the statistical data gathering process. From the official estimates to the numbers put forward by non-governmental organizations and unofficial guesstimates, the numbers fluctuate wildly, going from 10 million children being employed to the high numbers breaching the 100 million mark.

Certain types of industries and occupations have also traditionally lent themselves to employing children out of choice. Examples include: Fireworks industry, Jari work, artificial jewelry units, textile units, etc. Moreover, the entire small and medium scale industry framework has also been at the risk of employing child laborers. Apart from these, ship building yards, scavenging and informal recycling networks, food service industries, etc. too have found to be significantly involved in contributing to the employment of children.

In most instances, the murky world of child trafficking has spread its deadly tentacles by preying on the circumstances and compulsions of people that are already suffering from the scourge of severe poverty conditions. But, child labor in India is not simply a poverty problem. There are other factors involved that include societal attitudes towards children, family driven negligence, and a medieval mindset that believes in practices such as bonded labor and so on.

A close examination of the reasons behind these developments by experts has revealed that they do not really work on their own. In almost all the cases, close interdependencies have been discovered between the key reasons.

At the top of this list is poverty and this is often endemic, running through the fabric of the family or community on the whole. Lack of access to a quality education is another contributing factor, with school dropout rates being higher than the general average in regions where child labor is rampant. There are also high incidences of gender discrimination with girls being consistently worse off than boys in this regard. Natural or man-made disasters often leave children at a considerable disadvantage and expose them to the risk of exploitation.

On-the-whole however, it is society that is largely responsible for this scourge. The demand for cheap labor and the subsequent exploitation of kids are both, the result of societal conditions and it is therefore necessary for the thought process to change, before we see the effects in the actual world.

About The Author

CRY America works to eliminate child labor in India with their various projects supporting children rights. Let us together initiate positive steps and promote the well-being of Indian children.

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No great idea in its beginning can ever be within the law. How can it be within the law? The law is stationary. The law is fixed. The law is a chariot wheel which binds us all regardless of conditions or place or time. ” Emma Goldman in her book Anarchism and other essays define law as statutory but stationary.

No doubt, the study of law is amongst the most tedious yet coveted courses in India asserted by the fact; we have the world”s largest constitution. The national law school is the first preference of the students who wish to study law in India. We have seen great lawyers in the country and witnessed a long list of lawyers turning into politicos. Youngsters from across the country look forward to get best practical knowledge while he/she study law in India, because court room is entirely different from the books that one needs to mug up before being called a proficient and efficient lawyer. In India, to attract employers’ attention, national law schools are throwing out decades of tradition by replacing textbook courses with classes that teach more practical skills.

What makes the study of law in India a renowned and prosperous avenue for students? Answer might be many but a few personalities in Indian judiciary never fail to impress and fascinate students to learn and follow the prodigy of these great lawyers of our country. The first that comes in the countdown of great lawyers is Mr. Nariman, better known as the wise man of the Bar. His stature allows him to be blunt in court. He lets his displeasure be known when a judge fails to understand a point “” “No, no, that’s not what I mean.”Nariman, 81, has aged yet bold and skeptical about everything he doesn”t sympathizes to. His voice has turned metallic over the years, but it still booms in the biggest courtroom of all “” the chief justice of India”s, with its 40-feet high ceiling.

Another personality that makes it look really is Sorabjee. He loves to be referred to as the former Attorney General, for it brought him great glory. As AG, he successfully defended India against Pakistan in the Atlantique downing case in an international court. The study of law in India is not easy but these gentlemen”s make a daunting note of that and make the youngsters believe if you can go through the avid books and all the court room sessions a blissful life awaits you.

These individuals in some part of their lives have been a part of best law institutes in the India i.e national law school. This makes it evident that study law in India and that too in these institutes might not be easy but it”s the quality education in these institutes that transforms an individual into a successful legal instructor or lawyer.

For some, entering college is hard enough but with all financial obligations you and your family have been going through, there is no doubt that entering college is much more difficult.

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Currently fewer Canadian children are being diagnosed with asthma, due to reduced number of smokers and consequently because of reduced exposure to second hand smoke, according to statistics.

In more than a decade rates of the chronic inflammatory disease dropped to substantially reduced levels among children aged two to seven.

“A variety of environmental factors, as for example reduced exposure to cigarette smoke contributed significantly to these statistics,” the study declares.

Canada’s national statistical agency (Statscan) showed that 9.8% of children aged two to seven were diagnosed with asthma in 2008-09, significantly lower than 13.2 % in 2000-01.
This drop occurred mainly because fewer Canadian children live in families where adults smoke, according to study.

About 6% of children aged 11 and under were regularly exposed to second hand smoke at their homes in 2008, if compared with 24% in 2000. As about teenagers 13% aged 15 and older smoked regularly in 2008, dropping from 19% in 2000.

In present a few parents smoke because there were no statistically proved differences in asthma rates between children in smoking and non-smoking families between 2006-07 and 2008-09.

“This data shows that adult smoking rates dropped significantly, thus parental smoking is not seen as the leading cause of asthma in young children,” declared the representative of Statscan.

This link between reduced smoking and fewer cases of asthma are not unique only for Canada. For example, after Scotland prohibited smoking in public places, serious cases of asthma fell among preschool and school-aged children.

For instance researches from western countries discovered that asthma rates among children rose steadily for several decades before decreasing.

Statscan declared that reduced disease rates might also be due to changes in the population structure, changes in diagnostic methods, decline in the predominance of respiratory allergies, advances in air quality and changes in hygiene practices.

As well as asthma, ear infections are related to exposure to second hand smoke.

Canadas national statistical agency found out that asthma predominance decreased in the Atlantic Provinces, Ontario and Quebec, but remained quite stable in the West. This survey also discovered that the number of children who had had an asthma attack in the past 12 months dropped to 36 % in 2008-09 from 53 % in 1994-95.

The give study is based on data presented by the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, a long-term study that capture information from thousands of families. The survey has been led every two years since 1994-95.

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