Properties of Matter 2.1 Matter has observable properties. 2.2

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1 Properties of Matter 2.1 Matter has observable properties. 2.2CHAPTERProperties of Matterthe BIG ideaMatter has properties that can be changed by physical and chemical processes.2.1Matter has observable properties.2.2Changes of state are physical changes.2.3Properties are used to identify substances.CHAPTER OUTLINE

2 Matter has observable properties.2.1Matter has observable properties.• Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance.physical property• Physical changes can change some physical properties but do not change the substance.densityphysical changechemical propertychemical changeSECTIONOUTLINE

3 Matter has observable properties.2.1Matter has observable properties.• Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance.physical property• Physical changes can change some physical properties but do not change the substance.densityphysical change• Chemical properties describe how substances form new substances.chemical property• Chemical changes create new substances.chemical changeSECTIONOUTLINE

4 2.1 physical property Matter has observable properties.densityphysical changeA characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.chemical propertychemical changeKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

6 2.1 physical change Matter has observable properties.physical propertyphysical changedensityphysical changeA change in a substance that does not change the substance into a different one.chemical propertychemical changeKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

7 2.1 chemical property Matter has observable properties.physical propertychemical propertydensityphysical changeA characteristic of a substance that describes how it can form a new substance.chemical propertychemical changeKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

9 Changes of states are physical changes.2.2Changes of states are physical changes.Matter is commonly found in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.meltingmelting pointmeltingfreezingfreezing pointSolidLiquidevaporationfreezingsublimationboilingevaporation, boilingboiling pointcondensationLiquidGascondensationSECTIONOUTLINE

10 2.2 melting Changes of states are physical changes.melting pointfreezingThe process by which a substance changes from its solid state to its liquid state.freezing pointevaporationsublimationboilingboiling pointcondensationKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

11 2.2 melting point Changes of states are physical changes.freezingThe temperature at which a substance changes from its solid state to its liquid state through melting.freezing pointevaporationsublimationboilingboiling pointcondensationKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

12 2.2 freezing Changes of states are physical changes.meltingfreezingmelting pointfreezingThe process by which a substance changes from its liquid state into its solid state.freezing pointevaporationsublimationboilingboiling pointcondensationKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

13 2.2 freezing point Changes of states are physical changes.meltingfreezing pointmelting pointfreezingThe temperature at which a substance changes from its liquid state to its solid state through freezing.freezing pointevaporationsublimationboilingboiling pointcondensationKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

14 2.2 evaporation Changes of states are physical changes.meltingevaporationmelting pointfreezingA process by which a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state by random particle movement. Evaporation usually occurs at the surface of a liquid over a wide range of temperatures.freezing pointevaporationsublimationboilingboiling pointcondensationKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

15 2.2 sublimation Changes of states are physical changes.meltingsublimationmelting pointfreezingThe process by which a substance changes directly from its solid state to its gas state without becoming a liquid first.freezing pointevaporationsublimationboilingboiling pointcondensationKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

16 2.2 boiling Changes of states are physical changes.meltingboilingmelting pointfreezingA process by which a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state. The liquid is heated to a specific temperature at which bubbles of vapor form within the liquid.freezing pointevaporationsublimationboilingboiling pointcondensationKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

17 2.2 boiling point Changes of states are physical changes.meltingboiling pointmelting pointfreezingThe temperature at which a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state through boiling.freezing pointevaporationsublimationboilingboiling pointcondensationKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

18 2.2 condensation Changes of states are physical changes.meltingcondensationmelting pointfreezingThe process by which a gas changes into a liquid.freezing pointevaporationsublimationboilingboiling pointcondensationKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

19 Properties are used to identify substances.2.3Properties are used to identify substances.Physical properties that can be used to identify substances include:• density• heating properties• solubility• electric properties• magnetic propertiesMixtures can be separated by using the properties of the substances they contain.SECTIONOUTLINE

21 Changes of states are physical changes.2.2Changes of states are physical changes.II. Changes of states are physical changes.meltingA. Matter can change from one state to another.melting pointB. Solids can become liquids, and liquids can become solids.freezingfreezing point1. Meltingevaporation2. FreezingsublimationC. Liquids can become gases, and gases can become liquids.boilingboiling point1. Evaporationcondensation2. Boiling3. CondensationKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

22 Properties are used to identify substances.2.3Properties are used to identify substances.III. Properties are used to identify substances.A. Substances have characteristic properties.1. Identifying Unknown Substances2. Properties Used for Identifying SubstancesB. Mixtures can be separated by using the properties of the substances in them.KEY CONCEPTSUMMARY