Christoffersen, M. N. (1998).
Growing up with dad: A comparison of children aged 3-5 years old living
with their mothers or their fathers. Childhood, 5(1), 41-54. This Danish
study used a scientific sample, drawn from national birth records, of
478 single fathers and 532 single mothers, including situations that
can be classified as joint physical custody. Results indicated that
children fared better with single fathers, possibly as a result of greater
contact with the other parent (i.e. joint physical custody with mother),
economic stability of fathers, and more social support, including greater
contact with grandparents.