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Piper Creations

CHADD False Advertising / Education: A House
of Mirrors #2 is now at http://ThePiedPiper.tripod.com/EdFalseAdvertising.html
-Issue: Association - physical problems being defined
as mental problems.
last update Nov 18, 2001 at 11:47 am central standard time - Texas, USA -- 442
hits from 28 Oct 2001 to 09 March 2002
Events primarily of the 1980's, and 1990's that are here for keywords per my
disclaimer.

All words are the property of their original owners and require that you
contact the owner.
This page is speculation and the citations that I am using to speculate with.

*Global Warming*
In reality it seems as if the issues of Global Warming are from increased
salinity on almost all crop lands from irrigation, overuse of aquifers,
and from the scarcity of the micro organisms that normally filter groundwater
and reserve rainwater
Not from increasing ocean levels. When the micro organisms that deposit
and work new top soil are killed the top soil may be subject to erosion.

*Greenhouse Gasses*

*Global distalation*

*Red Tides*

nitrogen acidifies the soil

New Knowledge:1) Humans have a gut brain that controls digestive
functions semi-independently2) importance of acidophilus / probiotics in health, 3) antibiotics kill probiotics and allow digestive
fermentation resulting in methane gas, 4) males have three types of sperm (killers, blockers,
and go getters) - could be because some sperm could be fungal coated and
the killer sperm goes after them or any other abnormalities, 5) human brains are part of the CNS (central nervous
system) have stem cells and regenerate like other organs of the body, 6) many degenerative diseases happen because of an
enzyme or nutritional deficiency, even if the person needs medicine it
seems as if certain foods or supplements are capable of helping nutrition
and the immune system of these people.7) it appears that some areas have fish with diper rash8) Algal Blooms/Eutrophication/Hypoxia/Plankton/Algal Species New Uses for old knowledge9) vericomposting - for sewage sludge and household organics
- reduces/eliminates pathogens.
vertical unit prototype [Florida] 1997, Oct 1998 in Maine a full size
unit to process septic sludge, 1999 10)11)NoTill
- nightcrawlers go down 5ft
.

1990's landfills, recycling, search for crops and
animals that have drought and salinity tolerance, manure spills with pharmesudicals
in them, pathogens in manure, decreased nutrician and health of crops,

2000's looking at crops like sugar cane that seem
to require a lot of fresh water, looking at countries that seem to promote
increased pollution, manufacturing which has a high employment rate per
profit compared to pharmesudical companies that have a low employment
rate per profit, manufacturing which can be territorial and interested
in employees having businesses on the side, compared to pharesudical companies
which may switch areas dependent on the areas solely based on political
/ economic status.
-- vericomposting has the potential of taking a lot of land but the worm
gin is a vertical system http://gnv.fdt.net/~windle/neal/index.htm
that has already been used in Florida and other areas to convert pathogenic
sewage sludge => midnight soil => compost => to worm castings
that have benificial micro-organisms for the plants.

These are links for vermicomposting systems that are small
enough for a house as well as systems that can take on the sewage sludge
of a city. Worms can apparently take sewage sludge with human pathogens
and leave a end product that has the potential of being pathogen free.
There are links on this page to show some of the tests that have been
done but there do not seem to be any tests that show what percentage
of pharmesudicals (antibiotics, ect.) are left if any after vermicomposting.
Early articles are sceptical of vermicomposting as a way to reduce pathogens
and later ones have actual studys on pathogen reduction.

As a general rule, plants that have
low drought tolerance will have low salinity tolerance.

The external links on this page are for citations only
and 1959 Nuclear -- agreement between the International
Atomic Energy Agency and World Health Organization that prohibited the
WHO from publishing statistics of nuclear problems without IAEA consent. 1961 Berlin Wall [Iron Curtain] August 13, 1961 --
19901972 Boston, Massachusetts -- New England massive
red tide [toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium (Gonyaulax) tamarense] next
major USA event
seems to be in 19861974 HAB - First International Conference on Toxic
Dinoflagellate Blooms which was held in Boston, Massachusetts1978 HAB - Second International Conference on Toxic
Dinoflagellate Blooms held in Miami, Florida in 1978 1980's Biogas plants that use manure and plant culls
for methane ** biogas plants have been operating in Denmark and
Germany since
1980's. after fermentation the liquid and solid residue left over is used
as fertilizer. 1980's
-- major work resumed Tigris and Euphrates which meet at the Shatt Al
Arab,
South Iraqi Shias including the Marsh Arabs, - Ma'dan people,
([ http://www.american.edu/ted/MARSH.HTM
] Iraq's majority Sunni government is attempting to weaken
the Ma'dan because they are Shiite Muslims, maintaining religious links
with Iran's Shiite leadership. They
have also been accused by the government of harboring refugees from oppression
in Baghdad.
...The salinization of hte land is polluting formerly good agricultural
areas, such as the land surrounding the
'Amara Marsh.)
[ http://www.iraqifd.org/indict_saddam/indict-links.html
]1980, ADD the third edition of the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) [American Psychiatric
Association
(APA) childhood disorder that had previously been called "hyperkinesis"
or "hyperactivity" was replaced with the term "attention deficit
disorder" (ADD) and two subgroups were defined as ADD with hyperactivity
(ADDM) and ADD without hyperactivity
(ADD/WO).1985 HAB - Third International Conference on Toxic
Dinoflagellate Blooms which was held in St Andrews, Canada
1985 a1986 Chernobyl reactor four exploded 1986 April 26th
-
bioremediation - [ http://www.epa.gov/swertio1/download/citizens/bioremediation.pdf
] 1986-87 -- major fish kills and red tides **
these eb and flow (on a global scale) even to the present day.
possible reasons:
Ballist picked up in one port being discharged in another port -- that
may have radiation contaiminated salt water organisms, 1987 ADD - 1987 revision of the DSM-III (DSMIII-R;
APA 1987) excluded ADD/WO all together. Instead, the idea of a single
type of ADD was
reestablished and the term "Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder"
(ADHD) was introduced. 1987 CHADD was formed in the town of Plantation,
Florida during 1987 (toxic aerosols that can result in symtoms of ADD
and ADHD.)1990 Berlin Wall [Iron Curtain] -- On July 1 1990,
an economic, monetary and social union between East and West Germany was formed,
and all restrictions concerning travels were dropped. 1990 Caspian Sea caviar-producing sturgeon as one
bellwether (legal catches declined 78 percent between 1990 and 1994 1990 Iraq ** 1990 - 1991 [Gulf War, Persan Gulf War]1995 Massachusetts Law
Library - Title V the state environmental code governing septic systems keywords:
grey water, black water, composting toilets, zero-discharge, Massachusetts
Title 5,
approved alternatives to septic and holding tanks,
gray water systems, recirculating sand filters, package aerobic treatment
plants, Wisconsin elevated sand mounds, composting
toilets, vermicomposting, vermicomposting toilets,
EPA - [ http://www.epa.gov/region01/steward/ceitts/wastewater/techs/washwater.html
] 1995 ADD - New York State educational law, (School Law 1995
p.289) students with disabilities may be disciplined, except for misconduct resulting
from the disability it is illegal for school officials to remove an identified
student from school for infractions resulting from an
attention deficit disability. Disruptive classroom behavior is listed
as a direct manifestation of the hyperactive and attention
deficit disabilities. [ http://www.acalogic.com/adhd_research.htm
]1999 Kosovo ** March 24
2001 Private Prisons
-- [ news 1
] Sodexho Alliance, which recently bought out food service company Sodexho
Marriott Services, sold off its
8
percent stake in Corrections Corporation of America on May 30. This company
has had numerous complaints yet
was
still providing food service for Universities, Colleges, and public schools.
[ news
2 - LaVega
]
2002 Fungus -- "Backfence:
There's a fungus among us; it's called Quorn" Mar 6, 2002; James
Lileks; Star Tribune. "...But what is it?
Well,
another page identifies Quorn as fermented myco-protein, which puts my
mind at ease. Drunken Fungus sounds
like a better description,..."Quorn
is made by Marlow Foods a subsidiary of AstraZeneca ... In 1985 Quorn
was launched."
More
information at [http://ThePiedPiper.tripod.com/EdFalseAdvertising.html#fungus]
about the mega company that
calls it's self ** Novartis / AstraZeneca / Marlow Foods / Syngenta /
Sandoz / Ciba-Geigy / Gerber Baby products /...**

What makes me wonder is why Clinton did
not support vermicomposting like Canada has? Bacteria and earthworms are
some of the ways that radionuclides are being neutralized and removed from
the contaminated soil. Even though earthworms may not be a cure all Clinton
seems to be supporting a earth biospere that will be benificial to ants
like the Tentative hypotheses' for causes of Red Tides
are - ballast water being transported globally, Sahara dust storms that
rise to the atmosphere and travel with the weather fronts, chemicals killing
micro-organisms, side effects of fish having ammonia "diaper rash" over
their whole bodies and the red tides are just opportunistic, and - or manure
decomposing in water and utilizing the available oxygen. One thing that
does not seem to be in doubt, is that the killer conditions produced can
result in toxic aerosol capable of creating dermatitis, amnesia, respiratory,
and behavior problems.

[ http://www.mrdowling.com/608-ottoman.html
]the Turkish Ottoman Empire ruled for almost 600 yearsWorld War I broke out in 1914. Britain, France,
the United States, and Russia were united as the Allied forces. Central Powers
of Germany Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Turkish sultans.[ http://www.caabu.org/education/chronologypart2.html
]1912
-- Morocco becomes a French protectorate; Arab Nationalism and opposition
to Ottoman rule begin to develop.1914
-- Ottoman Empire enters World War One as an ally of Germany1918
-- End of Ottoman rule in Arab lands.

Iraq -- [ http://www.xrefer.com/entry/217664
]1948
-- State of Israel in 19481979
-- Iran - discriminatory legislation against women was been proposed,
adopted, and enforced1979 July 16 -- President
Bakr resigned (Iraqi) [ http://www.emergency.com/hussein1.htm
]1979 July 22 -- Saddam Hussein
took over (Iraqi) officials and military not of Saddam's party were killed1980-1988 -- Kuwait
supports Iraq in the First Persian Gulf War with Iran.[ http://www.historyguy.com/GulfWar.html
]1980's
-- major work resumed Tigris and Euphrates which meet at the Shatt Al
Arab,
South Iraqi Shias including the Marsh Arabs, - Ma'dan people,
([ http://www.american.edu/ted/MARSH.HTM
] Iraq's majority Sunni government is attempting to weaken
the Ma'dan because they are Shiite Muslims, maintaining religious links
with Iran's Shiite leadership. They
have also been accused by the government of harboring refugees from oppression
in Baghdad.
...The salinization of hte land is polluting formerly good agricultural
areas, such as the land surrounding the
'Amara Marsh.)
[ http://www.iraqifd.org/indict_saddam/indict-links.html
]1986 April 26th -- Chernobyl, reactor four exploded1986-87
-- major fish kills and red tides ** these eb and flow globally even to
the present day.1987
-- CHADD was formed in the town of Plantation, Florida during 19871990-91
-- Saddam Hussein and the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
-- Operation Desert Storm
-- Gulf War Syndrome.1997
-- Bioremediation and Vitrification of Radionuclides1998 Aug
-- Árpád Pusztai2001 Sept 11 -- Two planes crash into
the world trade center and the Pentagon -
terrorist leader Osama bin Laden,
Camp X-Ray in Cuba,2002 April 4 -- [ http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0404/p01s03-uspo.html
] Abu Zubaydah
Palestinian operative captured last week in Pakistan, considered Osama
bin Laden's No. 2 or No. 3
lieutenant, is believed to have been active in directing Al Qaeda cells,*********
-- Osama bin Laden, Al Qaeda, Abu Zubaydah, and the Taliban2001
-- Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable
[ http://www.frtr.gov/matrix2/section1/toc.html
]
[http://www.frtr.gov/demonstration.html]
[ http://www.epa.gov/etv ]

Citations that show some of the history and comparison of the amount of nuclear material from 1986 Chernobyl reactor four exploding, GulfWar
(1990), Kosovo - US involvment (1999), map of Isreal[http://info.jpost.com/C001/Supplements/MapCenter/]** the map and information of the British Empire[ http://freespace.virgin.net/andrew.randall1/mideast.htm
] the British Empire Iraq
Silent Hiroshima Culls A Nation's Children[ http://www.iacenter.org/rc12600.htm
]Ramsey Clark: Report to UN Security Council re: Iraq
-- January 26, 2000dropping 88,500 tons of explosives, the equivalent of 7 l/2
Hiroshima bombs.[Shipton's note only about 320 tons would have been DU the
rest would have been conventional muntitions.]-The Oil for Food Program

Depleted Uranium
How the Pentagon Radiates Soldiers & Civilians with DU Weapons[ http://www.iacenter.org/depleted/dietz.htm
] May, 199720| DU Spread and Contamination of Gulf War Veterans
and Others (excerpt) The fallout range of airborne DU aerosol
dust is virtually unlimited. These micro-particles can be inhaled and ingested
easily and that makes them dangerous to human health.*** Leonard
A. Dietz[ http://www.iacenter.org/depleted/dietz.htm
] We review estimates of the tonnage of DU
munitions fired during the Gulf War. Even if only one or two percent
of a low estimate of 300 metric tons of DU fired had burned up, this would
have produced 3,000-6,000 kg of DU aerosols.

[ http://www.antenna.nl/wise/uranium/dgvd.html
]Contamination of Persian Gulf War Veterans and
Others by Depleted Uranium -- by Leonard A. Dietz July 19, 1996 (last updated Feb. 21, 1999)We review estimates of the tonnage of DU munitions fired
during the Gulf War. Even if only one or two percent of a low estimate of 300 metric tons
of DU fired burned up, this would have produced 3000-6000 kg of DU aerosols.

Persian Gulf War also called Iraq, Desert
Storm or simply Gulf War [ http://www.gulflink.osd.mil/du_ii/du_ii_tabf.htm
][Shipton's note: total amount of DU would approximate 860,502
rounds of variaing amounts of DU approximate total of 320 tons]
PBS [Persian Gulf War or Desert Storm]
[ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/
] serbia Kosovo war timeline[ http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1998/10/kosovo/timeline/
]1991 Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia-Herzegovina declare independence
from Yugoslavia1999 March 24 -- NATO launches airstrikes.Depleted uranium "threatens Balkans cancer epidemic"
-- 07/30/99:by Environment Correspondent Alex Kirby (BBC) July 30, 1999[ http://www.softmakers.com/fry/du.htm
] Using calculations based on the Pentagon's
statement that one in five of the rounds fired by its A-10 aircraft over
Kosovo were DU munitions, Mr. Coghill estimates that more than 500,000 DU
rounds were fired, of which half detonated. He says that would have resulted
in the release of about one thirty-thousandth of the amount of radiation
released at Chernobyl in 1986. "But that was in the form of caesium on the
ground. This is free-floating particulate matter."Making the Harm Visible -- Global Sexual Exploitation
of Women and GirlsSpeaking Out and Providing Services Iranian Women and Girls - Victims of Exploitation and
Violence, Sarvnaz Chitsaz and Soona Samsami[http://www.uri.edu/artsci/wms/hughes/mhviran.htm]These blatantly prejudiced views shed light on how discriminatory
legislation against women has been proposed, adopted, and enforced in Iran
since 1979.
**** Lanning~Shipton's note: From Murmansk (North-East
Russia) to UK Russian nuclear dustbin threats[ http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/europe/newsid_607000/607175.stm
] Monday, 14 August, 2000, 13:49 GMT 14:49Murmansk: World's biggest nuclear dustbin By James Robbins
in Murmansk Russia has the world's largest
stockpile of nuclear weapons. However, it is the risk of
an accident with ageing nuclear reactors from obsolete Soviet submarines
which is causing most concern. A fifth of all the world's
reactors and nuclear fuel is concentrated around the Kola Peninsula, home
to Russia's Northern Fleet of submarines. UK Whistleblower clears last hurdle ---- [Russian Nuclear][ http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/europe/newsid_922000/922843.stm
] Wednesday, 13 September, 2000, 09:50 GMT 10:50 Alexander Nikitin: Victory after five years of
court battles The Russian Supreme Court has completely
exonerated a former naval officer, who had been charged with treason for
passing information about Russian nuclear pollution to a Norwegian environmental
group. ...Mr Nikitin was arrested in 1996 after he contributed to
a report by the Norwegian environmental group Bellona on the dangers posed
by radioactive pollution in the Arctic seas. ...In addition to his revelations about radioactive pollution,
Mr Nikitin also provided Bellona with information about safety systems for
naval nuclear reactors and details of Soviet nuclear submarine accidents. Prosecutors say this amounted
to high treason, but Mr Nikitin and Bellona say the information was of environmental
importance, and not subject to Russian secrecy laws. Citations: Biogas and other composting methodsMethane (Biogas) from Anaerobic Digesters --- This brief was
updated in February 2001[ http://www.eren.doe.gov/consumerinfo/refbriefs/ab5.html
]In the United States, the availability of inexpensive fossil
fuels has limited the use of digesters solely for biogas production. However,
the waste treatment and odor reduction benefits of controlled anaerobic
digestion are receiving increasing interest, especially for large-scale
livestock operations such as dairies, feedlots, and slaughterhouses. Where
costs are high for sewage, agricultural, or animal waste disposal, and the
effluent has economic value, anaerobic digestion and biogas production can
reduce overall operating costs. Biogas production for generating cost effective
electricity requires manure from more than 150 large animals. Citations: Russia, nuclear pollutionNuclear Age Has Claimed Billions of Lives - Russian
Ecologist Interfax News Agency, May 22, 2000 [ http://cci.glasnet.ru/news/MAY00/00052905.TXT
] The nuclear age has claimed more
than 2.33 billion lives, Russian ecologist Alexei Yablokov, a corresponding
member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, has said. .....Asked why the statistics have never been seen in the
open press, the ecologist cited a 1959 agreement between the International
Atomic Energy Agency and World Health Organization that prohibited the WHO
from publishing such statistics without IAEA consent. Caspian Sea Region -- February 2002 -- has a great
maps[ http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/caspian.html
]Caspian Sea Region: Environmental Issues United States Energy Information Administration -- April 2000[ http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/caspenv.html
]...Untreated waste from the Volga River, into which half the
population of Russia--and most of its heavy industry--drains its sewage,
empties directly into the Caspian Sea. Oil extraction and refining complexes
in Baku and Sumgayit in Azerbaijan are major sources of land-based pollution,
and offshore oil fields, refineries, and petrochemical plants have generated
large quantities of toxic waste, run-off, and oil spills. In addition, radioactive
solid and liquid waste deposits near the Gurevskaya nuclear power plant
in Kazakhstan are polluting the Caspian as well.Turkey: Environmental Issues United States Energy Information Administration -- March 2000 [ http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/turkenv.html#MARINE_POLLUTION
]Introduction Turkey's economic emergence has brought with
it fears of increased environmental degradation. As Turkey's economy experienced
high levels of growth in the mid-1990s, the country's boom in industrial
production resulted in higher levels of pollution and greater risks to the
country's environment. With domestic energy consumption on the rise, Turkey
has been forced to import more oil and gas, and the resultant increase in
oil tanker traffic in the Black Sea and Bosporus Straits has increased environmental
threats there. Iran: Environmental Issues United States Energy Information Administration -- March 2000[ http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/iranenv.html#AIR
POLLUTION ]... The city's air pollution recently reached a crisis stage
in December when high levels of carbon monoxide and other pollutants engulfed
the capital for several weeks. With a cloud of smog hovering over Tehran,
Iranian authorities shut down elementary schools and closed off the city
center to motorists for several days. Iranian-state radio urged Tehran's
residents to stay indoors, and many who did venture outdoors resorted to
wearing face masks and breathing through wads of cloth. The polluted air
was blamed for causing several deaths, as well as causing problems for people
with asthma, heart, and skin conditions. ...... Alternative Energy Sources Iran's renewable energy
consumption is low. With 9% of the world's oil reserves and 15% of its natural
gas reserves (80% of which have not been developed), Iran has an abundant
supply of fossil fuel resources, which tends to discourage the pursuit of
alternative, renewable energy sources. Iran's 1997 renewable energy consumption--including
hydropower, solar, wind, tide, geothermal, solid biomass and animal products,
biomass gas and liquids, and industrial and municipal wastes--totaled 106
trillion Btu, a 6% increase over the previous year. ...Why Socialism Causes Pollution Posted on February 13,
2002 by Thomas J. DiLorenzo [ http://www.fee.org/vnews.php?nid=183
] Corporations are often accused of
despoiling the environment in their quest for profit. Free enterprise is
supposedly incompatible with environmental preservation, so that government
regulation is required. Such thinking is the basis for current
proposals to expand environmental regulation greatly. So many new controls
have been proposed and enacted that the late economic journalist Warren
Brookes once forecast that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
could well become "the most powerful government agency on earth, involved
in massive levels of economic, social, scientific, and political spending
and interference. But if the profit motive is the primary
cause of pollution, one would not expect to find much pollution in socialist
countries, such as the former Soviet Union, China, and in the former Communist
countries of Eastern and Central Europe. That is, in theory. In reality
exactly the opposite is true: The socialist world suffers from the worst
pollution on earth. Could it be that free enterprise is not so incompatible
with environmental protection after all?
....

Top
Constitution article XIV power of congress to remove disabilities of United States
officials for Rebellion

Hillary Clinton was one of 43 lawyers on the House Judiciary Committee's
special impeachment inquiry staff. Boyfriend Bill Clinton, her schoolmate
at Yale, turned down a chance to join the team and headed home to Arkansas
to run for Congress.

Impeachments fall into three broad areas of conduct, the report concluded:
"1) Exceeding the constitutional bounds of the powers of the office ...
2) Behaving in a manner grossly incompatible with the proper function
and purpose of the office; and 3) Employing the power of the office for
an improper purpose, or for personal gain."

300 cases of school violence

For families that have heard Tipper Gore and who advocates drugs as a
part of mental health in the same way that some have advocated that inhibitions
can only be lost by alcohol. She may have been raised in a social level
or generation that believed control was won or lost by external stimulants
(chemical or physical) but the majority of the American people have self
control that the Clinton's and Gore's have not shown. For Tipper Gore
to advocate a certain standard has children and people think that if it
does not work for them that they are not socialy acceptable and the potential
of children becoming depressed since they can not keep up with the (Jones)
Gore's.
The Clinton's and Gore's have
made it seem as if America is insensitive to the affairs of the rest of
the world and mentally unbalanced. They have managed make it seem socially
acceptable (for those that believe them) to not have self control, and
by not allowing .

Gulf War -- enough information about pollutants
/ pfilestria toxins in water / fog / rain to speculate about Gulf War
Illness being from a combination of immunizations and evaporation. With
the amount of pollution from the Red Sea / Tigris River / Shatt-al waterway
flowing into the Arabian Gulf, to know that concentrations caused by evaporation
should be
winds blow its toxic aerosol onshore Karenia breve exposure should be
brief except when the immune system has other factors to deal with, but
pfiesteria has the potential of causing long term reactions.
Mental Health - June 7, 1999 White House Conference
Tipper makes not meantion of nutrician
and uses the CHADD
HMO party line in that you should
see a doctor and and the specialist
that you need [advocates a mental health professional]
but makes no meantion that many people never get
approval from thier HMOs to see the specialist that they need
- be it a ENT, Dietician, or mental health professional.
Considering that Al Gore wanted
to be president it makes him appear
to be particularly incompetent because St.
JudesChildren's
Hospital is in Tennessee and they advocate that nutrician
plays a important role in health, with Tipper Gore's "degree"
she should know that nutrician would be required for any
type of health and should have advised the Clinton's not to take
money from CHADD or Novartis / Gerber who seem say
that nutrician does not seem to be important
for health.
1992 Al Gore, Earth in the Balance; Ecology and the Human Spirit (Houghton
Mifflin, 1992)

Clinton / Gore -- Whine about education problems, even when the United
States has a educational system that attempts to educate all it's citizens,
compared to countries that shuttle many of their kids to tech schools
and do not have all citizen attempt to earn a high school diploma. The
countries that they compare the United States to are smaller than the
United States, have local and central government close togeater and do
not have the need to teach some of those courses as intestivly as the
United States does.
Also, some Democrates whine about the drop out rate when the schools which
can imply that other countries have perfect students, when the school
have already culled and done their own droping out. Thier education systems
may work for them what I take exception to is that the Democrates do not
have full discloser of their facts, if they do know them.
Allows National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) to dictate,
even when "New Math" did not work in the sixties and seventies.
These people apparently review the books and not the actual facts of which
schools are actually getting scores and what books they are using.

Whine about mental health but support HMO and parity act that does not
require counseling in fact at times the doctor is required to make a desion
and is not allowed to recomend a specialist.
Some of the biggest whiners Kennedy, Hillary Clinton, Gore

EPA -- The Harmful
Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act of 1998, Title VI
of Public Law 105-383, section 604(b), enacted on November 13, 1998.Total Maximum Daily Load Level
(TMDL) for the EPA
***Whine about pollution and water -- but do not have government agencies
post what research is being done. Clinton also does not address those
issues in his state of the union address.
***issue Salinity - instead refers to ocean levels dropping and gives
support to Canola (low low erucic acid rapeseed) a oil plant that can
handle salinty while the government also dumps on plants that can not
handle salinity like tobacco under the guise of health. Some other plants
that have been clear cultivated (erosion problems), have low salt tolerance,
and require water are cotton, peanuts,
Tocopherols (Vitamin E)
Tobacco, peanuts, cotton, Clean Cultivated Fields, NoTill,
Erosion, earthworms,

promotes plants that produce their own pesticides and may contribute to
erosion by killing worms in fields and in vermicultues.

Compared to Canola
"Because of its tolerance to salinity, canola has been used as the
first crop on newly drained dikes in the Netherlands. Canola requires
approximately 16 to 18 inches of water through its growing season, with
8 to 8.3 inches used by annual varieties in July near flower and pod fill.

George W. Bush
Jr.from1994-2001
46th Governor of the State of Texas. November 8, 1994, with 53.5 percent
of the vote. In an historic re-election victory, he became the first Texas
Governor to be elected to consecutive four-year terms on November 3, 1998,
winning 68.6 percent of the vote.
-- Saturday, 20 January, 2001, 21:37 GMT President Bush sworn in
*** John Ellis "Jeb" Bush Governor
of Florida
Jeb Bush, Florida's 43rd Governor Elected: November 1998

“A Brain In The Gut.” NISE. [Online] Retrieved December 4, 2000. http://whyfiles.org/026fear/physio1.html
(Note: Two brains are better than one, especially if you're hungry)

Gershon, Michael D. “The Enteric Nervous System: A Second Brain.” (1999.)
McGraw-Hill. [Online] http://www.hosppract.com/issues/1999/07/gershon.htm
(Note: Once dismissed as a simple collection of relay ganglia, the enteric
nervous system is now recognized as a complex, integrative brain in its
own right.)

“Private Papers of Nobel Scientist Joshua Lederberg Added to "Profiles in
Science" Web Site.” [Online] Retrieved http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/mar99/nlm-02.htm
(Lederberg won the Nobel Prize in Medicine at age 33 for scientific work
started at age 20, which showed that bacteria can in fact, reproduce through
sexual recombination. Although Lederberg was "astonished" to receive the
prize, his diary entry for October 26, 1958, the day he heard he had won
it, also records some of his fears: "On the whole I'm a little afraid the
fuss and bother more than outweigh the egotistic satisfactions, the cash
and the prestige factors that might help in getting my lab going.")

1995 -- Texas and Florida -- states that are doing something about education.

May 22, 1997 HMO Liability Bill Becomes Law
Senator David Sibley R. TX paves the way for HMO's to be accountable by
passing a bill allowing patients to question an HMO's desion and ask for
meditation - if that does not work then they are allowed to sue. Few lawsuits
have had to be instituted though, because mediation has worked, like theripy
would probly have worked for many of thos children in other states.

2001 Florida tests vermiculture for pathogen reduction. pdf --- magizine
review
Worms seem capable of converting sewage sludge, human wastes of many types,
animal manure and much more. Most pathogens do not like oxygen and vermiculture
or cold composting uses oxygen and worms as bioreactors which seem to get
rid of all pathogens without creating greenhouse gasses like methane.
Organic waste can take a lot of oxygen to decompose and causes detrimental
conditions in water, what worm do is to convert the waste into non-pathogenic
topsoil that is ready for plants

"On the discussion of using tillage to remove deep compaction I've
seen tightly compacted soil down as deep as 5 feet. Nightcrawlers will burrow
down 8 feet and are the only way to restore the soil structure in these
areas. Areas that have silted in are a perfect example. Below is a terrace
that silted in over a period of 15 years of tillage. The soil is densely
packed by years of silting and driving on it when wet."
Night Crawlers and No Till -- Link
1, Link 2.

Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) seem to
have proliferated but
Fish Ulcerative Dermatitis can happen because of nutritional problems
which mean that ulcers on fish do not necessarily mean a HAB.

I
am not affiliated with or endorsed by any of these,
All words and logos belong to the original holders,
this is just a list of places that you may go to find citations.
keywords: Algal Blooms/Eutrophication/Hypoxia/Plankton/Algal
Species,
Fish that have low body fat, in poor health, in Ammonia / Nitrogen water
-- do they have a colossal case of diper rash all over their bodies?
Do algal blooms cause fish kills or are they a after effect?
Bilge water / blow the ballist organisms carried from port to port in
ballast water
Global Distiation / NASA photos --
Atmosphere > Aerosols > Dust/Ash
worms take energy of bacteria and use probiotics to convert that energy
into another form that does not give pathogens food.
earthworms can tie up radionuclides and have been proposed for the Chernobyl
radionuclides
Austrilia has a picture of soil that has gone saline
[Topline] most
green waste can be reduced by about 90% in volume (one ton, 2000 lbs,
reduces to about 200 lbs of worm castings).
A family of four produces about seven pounds of organic or food waste
per week.
Converting 7lb of waste to less than one pound of worm castings.
Vermicomposting generates water as the water of the organic mater is released
"one pound of worms can convert one pound of pig manure to compost in
48 hours!"
earthworms compost faster than windrow or invessel composting and produces
a high quality compost" .

Fish kills can occur naturally or due to man-made disturbances, such as
pollution of water quality and excessive land clearing. More research is
needed on the causes of fish kills in northern Australia

exerts
from the Bay Journal [http://www.bayjournal.com/update/99-02/menhdn.htm]
"...had little, or no fat in the body cavity and exhibited signs of
poor nutrition and starvation; approximately 12 percent of these fish had
visual external lesions, ulcers or sores.

"Atlantic menhaden are an extremely important link in the coastal marine
food chain, transferring enormous amounts of nutrients into forage biomass,
while at the same time improving water quality - they have the potential
to consume up to 25 percent of the Bay's nitrogen."
[Shipton's note: the way this is described leads me to associate it with
diper rash - could the water have a ammonia problem and the fish have a
bad case of external diper rash?]

Australia:
Welcome to the 9th International Conference on Algal Blooms. Research on
Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) first emerged as a discipline in its own right
at the First International Conference on Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms which
was held in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1974. Of major concern at that time
was the massive 1972 New England red tide caused by the toxic dinoflagellate
Alexandrium (Gonyaulax) tamarense. This successful meeting was followed
by two further International Conferences on Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms
held in Miami, Florida, in 1978 and in St Andrews, Canada, in 1985, respectively.
[http://www.utas.edu.au/docs/plant_science/HAB2000/]

[http://www.wormdigest.org/articles/index.cgi?read=64]Written
By: Ted Leischner Posted On: Sunday, 17 December 2000
These species of worms can vermicompost organic
wastes such as sewage biosolids, agricultural wastes like animal manures
and coffee pulp, municipal food waste, brewery and paper pulp and cardboard
recycling wastes.
Some of the notable projects she highlighted include
Medical University of South Carolina, processing 100 lbs. of cafeteria food
waste per day, Sampson Correctional Institute, feeding 30 lbs. of food waste
and office paper daily to worms and New York Hospital, using eight Worm
Wigwams to handle 60-140 lbs. per day. This is eight tonnes of food waste
per year. But, then there is Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington,
with a low-tech system with the ability to transform 300 lbs./day (35-tons/year)
into valuable castings.
Composting worms move feedstock around more
and have grinding gizzards like chickens to produce a superior textured
product, free of harmful salts and of a lower pH (5.8-7.2) that is more
favourable for plant growth. Because of the unique microbiology of vermicomposting,
nitrification and humification is more complete with levels of plant nutrients
in a form more available to plants. This means nitrogen is stored in a form
that will not pollute water and no researcher or grower present could cite
an example where the use of earthworm castings has ‘burned’ plants.

I have not won any of these awards (yet) they are
just here as guides for people that are intrested.
(added March 20, 2002)

[http://www.gov.state.mo.us/kids/
games/who/jp.html]
Joseph Pulitzer (Born 1847; died 1911) Pulitzer made his way from his birthplace
in Mako, Hungary to St. Louis in 1865, a city he called home for nearly
two decades. In 1878, Pulitzer purchased the bankrupt St. Louis Dispatch
and merged it with the unprofitable St. Louis Post-a combiantion that produced
the city's leading newspaper. His sensationalistic approach to covering
news, dubbed "yellow journalism" was fully developed upon his move to New
York, where he purchased the New York World and became known as a world-renowned
publisher. The coveted Pulitzer Prize for journalists is named for him.

Mark Twain, 1835–1910 (Nov. 30, 1835
- April 21, 1910)
Samuel Clemens, more commonly known as Mark Twain was born in Florida,
Missouri on Nov. 30, 1835
"Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear--not absence of fear."
"A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is still putting
on its shoes."
'Keep away from people who try to belittle your ambitions. Small people
always do that, but the really great make you feel that you too can become
great."
[http://www.boondocksnet.com/twainwww/]
[http://www.kyrene.k12.az.us/schools/brisas/sunda/great/2jon.htm]

JOSEPH PULITZER, 1847–1911
Pulitzer summarized his credo: "Our Republic and its press will rise or
fall together. An able, disinterested, public-spirited press, with trained
intelligence to know the right and courage to do it, can preserve that
public virtue without which popular government is a sham and a mockery.
A cynical, mercenary, demagogic press will produce in time a people as
base as itself. The power to mould the future of the Republic will be
in the hands of the journalists of future generations."
[http://www.pulitzer.org/History/history.html#bio]

Some of my standards, whether I get there or not.
I am not endorsing any organization by having these here, but they do
show where someone could go if motivated.

[http://floriculture.osu.edu/archive/apr98/vermicom.html]
Ohio Floriculture at Ohio State University"one
pound of worms can convert one pound of pig manure to compost in 48 hours!"By Dr. Jim Metzger Professor and D.C. Kiplinger Chair References: Drs. Clive Edwards and Scott Subler from the Entomology
Department at The Ohio State University.

Evaluation of High Tunnel Strawberry
Production for Southern Ohio, 2000

"A Comparison Of Vermicomposting And Composting" What are the
similarities and differences in composting systems that can be operated
in open or in-vessel systems - with or without worms? J. Dominguez, C.
A. Edwards and S. Subler Reprinted by permission from BioCycle April 1997,
pages 57-59

Digest
Vermicomposting for pathogen stabilization. Vermicomposting is the practice
of using worms to convert solid waste into a soil amendment. A pilot project
at the City of Ocoee (FL) wastewater treatment facility had shown that red
wigglers reduced four pathogen indicators in wastewater biosolids (sludge):
enteric virus, fecal coliform, helminth ova, and Salmonella spp. A full
scale project aimed at demonstrating a three- to fourfold reduction of pathogen
indicators to produce Class A stabilized biosolids (acceptable to EPA) was
undertaken. The results show that earthworms do reduce pathogen indicators
and can quickly accomplish the EPA standard of a three- to fourfold decrease.
The study also shows that using traditional thermal precomposting to destroy
pathogens prior to treatment with earthworms is unnecessary. --Water Environment
& Technology May 2000.
12 pg paper. A field experiment tested the feasibility of vermicomposting
as a method for eliminating human pathogens to obtain United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) Class A stabilization in domestic wastewater residuals
(biosolids).

[http://gnv.fdt.net/~windle/refrence/april97.htm]
"Preliminary data, obtained in small-scale vermicomposting systems,
indicate that human pathogens may not survive vermicomposting. After 60
days of vermicomposting, fecal coliform bacteria in biosolids dropped from
39,000 MPN/g to 0 MPN/g. In that same time period, salmonella sp. dropped
from <3 MPN/g to <1 MPN/g."

[http://www.irishearthworm.com/vcomp2.html]
6.2 Rate of organic matter decomposition The rate of organic matter decomposition
in the vermicomposting process is significantly higher than that in conventional
composting. Experimental trials at the State University of New York, found
decomposition and breakdown of aerobic sewage sludge to be three times as
rapid by vermicomposting as it was by composting.

Laura's note - competitive exclusion seems to
be a word that could be used when you use worms as bioreactors since they
work with thier own probiotics and enzymes.
It seems as if many pathogenic bacteria are
anaerobic and probiotics are benificial bacteria that can fight these
pathogens. Using worms is a type of cold composting using aerobic conditions
and allowing the gut bacteria of the worms to take care of items that
the human gut bacteria did not want.

Probiotics is a general term that
refers to the natural bacteria normally found in the stomach or intestine
of healthy animals. When an animal becomes sick, disease-causing bacteria
called pathogens replace the normal bacteria, Morishita said. "By treating
animals with probiotics, the goal is to have normal bacteria colonizing
all the intestinal sites within the animal, so bad bacteria can't attach
and cause disease," she said. "This concept is called competitive exclusion."
Probiotics are most often used in animals just born or hatched. Young animals
have no intestinal bacteria, so treating with probiotics -- the earlier
the better -- helps establish a good set of bacteria before pathogens arrive,
Morishita said. This treatment also is recommended during times of stress
for the animal, such as during vaccination or after the outbreak of a disease.
"Probiotics are not a wonder drug. They are a preventive medicine step,"
Morishita said. "Disease can still occur despite their use, and if it does,
an antibiotic would likely be needed to kill the pathogens. Then normal
bacteria could be reestablished to reduce the possibility of future illnesses."
But the use of probiotics early on should lessen the potential for invasion
of harmful bacteria.

Lactobacillus acidophilus is one type of bacteria normally found in the
gut of animals. It gives off a substance that makes the stomach and intestines
more acidic and less environmentally friendly to pathogens. The use of natural,
nonharmful bacteria to prevent pathogens is not a new idea. The concept
has been around for more than 30 years, but it has become more effective
in recent years, Morishita said. "The key is using specific bacteria isolated
for use with specific species of animals," she said. "In the past, probiotic
use had variable results because the host specificity had not been totally
worked out yet. Now that it's been determined which bacteria work best for
each type of animal, they are more effective, and probiotic use is picking
up." More stable forms of packing also have made probiotics more effective.
They usually come in a freeze-dried form and are given to animals by either
mixing them with water or incorporating them into feed, Morishita said.
--Morishita et al (1997) Avian Dis 41, 850

[http://vermico.com/speakers.html]
keywords: canadian, vermicomposting
Albert Eggen holds three international patents,
including one for the self-harvesting Vermi-Organic Digester, an in-vessel
vermicomposting system currently in use at the Brockville Psychiatric Hospital
(Ontario, Canada), Metro Hall (the seat of the city’s administrative and
mayor’s offices in Toronto, Canada), at Arnold Air Force Base in Tennessee,
and in other institutional settings. Eggen’s Vermi-Organic Digesters are
ideally suited for on-site processing of organic waste, generated by hospitals,
military bases, schools, prisons, hotels, and other institutions wanting
to minimize collection and hauling costs of organic residuals while producing
a valuable soil amendment for landscaping needs.
Albert is the co-author of three books on
vermicomposting, two of which are college course manuals. A fourth book
is entitled The Canadian Vermicomposting Guide. Since 1990, his Toronto-based
firm, Original Vermitech Systems Limited, has put more than 50 million Eisenia
fetida earthworms to work processing household, institutional, and even
industrial waste throughout the United States and Canada.

[Topline]
most green waste can be reduced by about 90% in volume (one ton, 2000 lbs,
reduces to about 200 lbs of worm castings).

[Shipton's note: these do not
mention using earthworms but the rest of the information seems top notch.]

GREYWATER
What it is ... ways to treat it ...
ways to use it.

[http://www.greywater.com/samples.htm]
Beautiful pictures of
Sample soil beds for greywater irrigation and infiltration
[http://www.greywater.com/]
Organisms adversely affecting human health do not grow outside of the body
(unless incubated and with rare exceptions) but are capable of surviving
especially if hosted in human feces.
[http://www.greywater.com/pollution.htm]
Urine is sterile save in exceptional circumstances (e.g., grave urinary
tract infections). In households with infants in diapers, fecal matter can
enter the laundry water, mainly through washing machines that has a pathogen
killing effect in themselves by breaking the encapsulation and exposing
potential pathogens to detergnets.

[http://www.can-o-worms-alaska.net/vermcompfacts.html]
Earthworms are secondary decomposers, that
is, they eat the microbes which eat the decaying food. Those microbes are
bacteria, mold, fungi, protozoa and other organisms which are too small
to see. Their enzyme activity physically changes the food waste to a sludge
or slurry, which the earthworms suck through their mouth. Microbes also
break large particles into their chemical components, releasing heat, air,
water and humus
Compost can be formed in four weeks in heated
piles, and takes six months to cure. Vermicompost is a rich, black, small
particle ready in four to six weeks and does not need a curing stage. .

[http://www.env.duke.edu/cee/ecofoot/vermicomposting.html]
Your worms can eat anything that you do (and some things you wouldn’t touch!).
I would, however, avoid adding meat and dairy products to your bin until
you are comfortable managing the air and water requirements. Meat and
dairy consume oxygen quickly, so they have high potential for producing
both heat and bad odors. You should also avoid feeding your worms foods
that are high in salt. If you pay attention though, you can feed your worms
anything that is organic.

Terra-Firma Biotechnologies (S) Pte Ltd

VERMICOMPOSTING

{go to the site for more information}

[http://terrafirma.hypermart.net/vermicomposting.htm]
Wormcastings consists of organic matter that has undergone physical and
chemical breakdown through the muscular gizzard which grinds the material
to a particle size of 1-2 microns. Nutrients present in wormcastings are
readily soluble in water for uptake by plants.

Earthworm bioreactors have in-house supply of various enzymes such as protease,
lipase, amylase, cellulase, lichenase and chitinase. Hence earthworms can
biodegrade complex biomolecules into simple compounds which can be utilised
by the symbiotic gut microflora.

Earthworms encourage the growth of microorganisms in their gut by providing
ideal conditions therein. Bacteria and actinomycetes which are important
in waste degradation increase exponentially along the length of the tubular
bioreactor, reaching densities about 1000 greater than in the surrounding
soil. However, E. coli, salmonella and other pathogens are destroyed
due to competition from the active microflora and intestinal secretions.
Most of the human pathogens are anaerobic and cannot survive in the highly
aerobic micro-environment created by the earthworms.

Earthworms produce castings with balanced plant nutrients. Vermicastings
also have immobilised microflora which continue their function in the soil.
Vermicastings are rich in vitamins, enzymes, antibiotics and growth hormones.

[USCC] A letter to the Peoria County
Board

[http://mailman.cloudnet.com/pipermail/compost/2001-December/003374.html]
The lowering of the organic matter percentage of the topsoil each year has
the effect of reducing earthworm populations, thereby reducing the porosity
and tilth of the soil. Compacted and less friable soils have the effect
of increasing stormwater run-off, decreasing water percolation in the soil,
and promoting erosion. Composting reverses the slow process of topsoil loss.
Soils with more organic matter simply hold moisture better.
-- resource recovery,

MO. [http://www.dnr.state.mo.us/alpd/swmp/wormlist.htm]
MO. [Show Me Worms
Eating Food Waste We Will Show You Solid Waste Reduction]
"The worms bunch together if it gets
cold and scatter to the sides of the bin if it gets too hot. Too cold is
40 degrees or below and too hot is anything above 90 degrees. We had noted
that the expert worm wranglers who offer written and Web site advice say
to stay away from dairy products, creams and meats. This is due to potential
odors and another problem, composting temperatures. We remained in our show
me mode and fed the worms a healthy meal of pork bones, used paper dinner
napkins, sauces and vegetables. The meal was probably healthy for the people
who dined on it, but the worms were not happy with the heat generated by
those particular food scraps.
It took a few days for the core temperature
to drop below 100 degrees, but once things cooled down, the worms made up
for lost time. All we can find of that feast are a few thin bone scraps.
We have seen a few potato peelings try to send up new shoots, but the worms
and their micro-buddies break it all down and eat it up." [http://www.dnr.state.mo.us/magazine/2000_summer/Worm_Feature.htm]
It is important not to overfeed the herd because the excess food might create
an acid or caustic environment that could be harmful. Weigh the food with
the help of a scale to make sure the worms are getting the right amount
of feed.

[http://www.rco.on.ca/factsheet/fs_e05.html]
Canadian VERMICOMPOSTING
[http://perc.ca/PEN/1992-10/5r.html]
5 r's --
"5 R's Update Vermicomposting: Let the Worms Do It! by Hazel Jack"
According to Christa Pettingill of the Recycling Council of Ontario, residential
waste comprises about 40 percent of garbage. About 30 percent of residential
waste is organic material that could theoretically be food for worms.
PERC's own worms If you would like to see vermicomposting in action, drop
around to the PERC office. We have two active composters with worms quietly
munching away, turning coffee grounds, banana peels and apple cores into
lovely rich dark brown compost. The little wrigglers are so quiet and
well-behaved that most of the time we forget they are there.

[http://recycle.utoledo.edu/ktlcb/EducationalMaterials/library/curriculum_guides.html]11.
Worms Eat Our Garbage K-6 Written by Mary Appelhof, this guide explains
how to manage a worm bin in a school setting. The book integrates earthworm
activities with soil science, plant growth studies, mathematics, and language
arts.
12. Worms Go To School 1-6 Environmental Science activities to accompany
a class vermicomposting project and help students become interested in
the environment. Developed by David J. Smith and Albert Eggen, President
of Original Vermicomposter.

[http://www.teckcominco.com/enviro/vcr.html]Canada's
Climate Change Voluntary Challenge and Registry sponsored by the Canadian
Industry Program for Energy Conservation and Natural Resources Canada,
is a program that challenges Canadian organizations to voluntarily limit
or reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels. Teck Cominco supports
voluntary initiatives as an effective means to achieve environmental goals,
while allowing the flexibility necessary for companies to remain competitive.
1998 Report of Results: Teck - December 1998 (77 KB) 1998 Report of Results:
Cominco - September 1999 (148 KB) Further information about the VCR Program
can be found at the VCR website.

Vermico
- Califormia

[http://vermico.com/index.html]
nice opening articleworkshops, tour of Yelm Earthworm & Castings farm
-
Has large composters too
[http://vermico.com/speakers.html]
keywords: canadian, vermicomposting
Albert Eggen holds three international patents,
including one for the self-harvesting Vermi-Organic Digester, an in-vessel
vermicomposting system currently in use at the Brockville Psychiatric Hospital
(Ontario, Canada), Metro Hall (the seat of the city’s administrative and
mayor’s offices in Toronto, Canada), at Arnold Air Force Base in Tennessee,
and in other institutional settings. Eggen’s Vermi-Organic Digesters are
ideally suited for on-site processing of organic waste, generated by hospitals,
military bases, schools, prisons, hotels, and other institutions wanting
to minimize collection and hauling costs of organic residuals while producing
a valuable soil amendment for landscaping needs.
Albert is the co-author of three books on
vermicomposting, two of which are college course manuals. A fourth book
is entitled The Canadian Vermicomposting Guide. Since 1990, his Toronto-based
firm, Original Vermitech Systems Limited, has put more than 50 million Eisenia
fetida earthworms to work processing household, institutional, and even
industrial waste throughout the United States and Canada.

[http://www.saskpower.com/pdf/99Envirorev.pdf]o

Reference to
Organic Recyclers Anonymous (ORA)

[http://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/small_compost_systems.html]
Under a County contract, Organic Recyclers Anonymous (ORA) provides technical
assistance to school that want to set up diversion systems for food scraps.
For information on financial or technical assistance for food scrap diversion
contact: Karin Grobe Organic Recyclers Anonymous Phone: (831) 427-3452
E-mail: kgrobe@pacbell.net

The following group had saving without worms, think what
could be done with worms
[http://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/summary_report.html]
* Educational and Environmental Benefits of the Project The environmental
benefits of the project are indisputable. Food scraps
were diverted from the County landfill, extending the landfill's
life.
* The environmental impacts of hauling tons of food scraps to the
County landfill-air pollution, transportation congestion,
depletion of fossil fuels-were avoided. The resulting compost
was used to improve local soils.
* In Santa Cruz County, food is the largest component of the waste stream
for food stores and restaurants. The project was a vehicle
for educating business owners about food scrap diversion.
Outreach efforts succeeded in attracting the attention of managers of
local restaurants, grocery stores, hospitals, conference
centers, public schools and retirement homes.
* The Grey Bears outreach efforts educated many community members about
commercial food scrap diversion. To the extent that
the public understands that food scrap diversion is
important and recognizes that businesses are working on solutions, they
will be more willing to compost their own food scraps
at home.
[http://www.steiny.com/sc/orgs/greybears/]

Eutrophication - Having waters rich in mineral and organic
nutrients that promote a proliferation of plant life, especially algae,
which reduces the dissolved oxygen content and often causes the
extinction of other organisms. Used of a lake or pond.
-- definition from [Dictionary.Com]

Another issue is How Much Water does a plant
or animal take? Cattle use the waste products from plants straw,
and seed that does not certify for human consumption by pasing through
the stomach of a ruminant animal like deer, cattle, sheep, goats,
manatees - sirenians -- ungulates like deer
or cattle who are browsing or grazing animals
vermicompost has already been through Aerobic (oxygen) cold composting
that making it a fertilizer that (if it runs off into water) should not
create oxygen depleted zones in the water.
Meat and dairy consume oxygen quickly, so they have high potential for
producing both heat and bad odors - these items (and manure) are very
diverse in organic materials and could help a depleted, saline crop field.

No Till / erosion managment

[Shipton's note:
I have not found anything about North American earthworms eating seeds,
unless the seed is decomposing - it seems as if seeds are too big for an
earthworm to eat.]

[http://pionet.net/~bluebro/worm.htm]
On the discussion of using tillage to remove deep compaction I've seen tightly
compacted soil down as deep as 5 feet. Nightcrawlers will burrow down 8
feet and are the only way to restore the soil structure in these areas.
Areas that have silted in are a perfect example. Below is a terrace that
silted in over a period of 15 years of tillage. The soil is densely packed
by years of silting and driving on it when wet. Once nightcrawlers get established
you'll notice rainwater won't stand on the surface but soak in at these
areas.

published by Focus, P.O. Box 369, Newburyport MA 01950-1469. Contact Ron
Pullins, Voice: (508) 462-7288 or Focus Publishing to order a copy. The
cost is $28.95 plus $4.50 shipping. Specific citations to over 250 references
are given in the book version but not in the HTML version of this document.

[http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/sustainable/peet/soil/bio_char.html]
... In addition, other soil bacteria (denitrifiers) reduce
nitrates to elemental nitrogen or nitrous oxide which are lost into the
atmosphere as they are volatilized. Denitrification is most likely to occur
in poorly drained soils where oxygen levels are low (anaerobic conditions).
Not only do naturally occurring microorganisms play an
essential role in the nitrogen cycle, they have also been reported to decrease
some populations of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. For example, the fungus
Gliocladium virens, which tends to increase with increased levels of organic
matter, controls damping-off pathogens. G. virens is also available commercially.
Agrobacterium, a naturally occurring soil microorganism, reportedly restricts
growth of Fusarium, a fungal pathogen causing a number of diseases in vegetable
crops. Beneficial microorganisms in the root zone, particularly species
of Pseudomonas, have been associated with a decrease in take-all decline
of wheat. Over time, two species of soil-dwelling amoebae in Canada reduced
populations of two root pathogens.
Earthworms ...

Washington State University

[http://www.wsu.edu/NIS/Universe/adventures.html]
| U N I V E R S E M A G A Z I N E - F A L L 1 9 9 7 |
THE SMELL OF FRESHLY PLOWED SOIL:
A Natural History of the Underground
ADVENTURES IN THE RHIZOPHERE
How do we increase agricultural productivity
without creating a further threat to the environment and human health?
In an unsettling 1995 essay, "Vanishing Knowledge,"
biologist David Ehrenfeld contemplates the eclipse of vital knowledge about
the natural world by academic reductionism and high-tech specialization.
He recalls, for example, Darwin's observations on the relationship between
earthworms and soil fertility. Different species of earthworms play different
roles in the intricate ecology of soil. Currently, writes Ehrenfeld, there
is a "potentially momentous battle" being waged in North America between
native earthworm species and invasive European and Asian species.

Rancho Mondo Compost Manual

[http://www.ranchomondo.com/compost/earthwrm.htm]
Earthworms and Compost
The finest compost made is by earthworms.
Their castings contain 5 times the nitrate, 7 times the available phosphorus,
11 times the potassium, 3 times the exchangeable magnesium, and 1 1/2 times
the calcium that occurs in the top 6" of uneaten soil. Earthworms derive
nutrition from the organic content of the soil by eating it. In its passage
through the worm, the mineral subsoil undergoes changes that make it immediately
available for plants. While earthworms inhabit the surface layers of soil,
they commonly burrow deep into the earth (as deep as 8 feet), honeycombing
the soil.
They come to the top to deposit castings
in the loose surface layers of the soil, bringing the subsoil to the top
and mixing it with the topsoil. The aerating tunnels greatly increase the
air capacity of the soil (in some cases increasing 60-75%). Water penetration
into the soil is much improved, being quickly absorbed instead of pooling
or running off. Earthworms produce a topsoil that is nearly a neutral humus.
Wormcasts in acid soil are much less acid (sometimes 75%); and alkaline
soils are made less alkaline.
[http://www.ranchomondo.com/compost.htm]

[http://www.can-o-worms-alaska.net/Castings.html]
Earthworms Castings are an excellent source of nutrients for plants, providing
minerals, nitrogen, enzymes, and more in a form roots can easily take up
into the system. Unlike fresh compost, fresh worm castings will not "burn"
the plants and turn the leaves yellow. The following abstract is from research
into soil health and nitrogen cycling enabled by earthworms which feed on
surface waste matter.

MICROBIAL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS IN EARTHWORM BURROWS
Author(s):
PARKIN TIMOTHY B
BERRY EDWIN C
Interpretive Summary:
Earthworms play an important role in soil. Earthworms move
and degrade crop residues, releasing nutrients back into the soil. Through
their burrowing activities, earthworms can improve soil aeration and water
infiltration. Past research has shown that earthworm castings are enriched
in the plant-required nutrients, nitrate and ammonium. Earthworm casts also
have been observed to have elevated populations of bacteria involved in
nitrogen cycling reactions. This study was done to see how nitrogen cycling
bacteria in the lining of the earthworm burrows would affect nitrate concentrations.
We found high concentrations of nitrogen cycling bacteria in the soil lining
the earthworm burrows. The activities of these bacteria caused the burrow
lining to be high in nitrate. The significance of this work lies in the
fact that although it may be suspected that the nitrate in the burrow lining
is susceptible to leaching, past work indicates that worm burrows transmit
a relatively small percentage of the total areal rainfall. Thus, we conclude
that most of the inorganic nitrogen formed in the earthworm burrow will
not be lost from the rooting zone, but rather it will be available for crop
use. These results highlight the importance of earthworms to soil health
and should encourage farmers to adopt practices that facilitate the development
of earthworm populations.
Keywords: nutrient use structure organic matter cycling soil
quality index nitrogen
Contact:
SOIL & WATER QUALITY RES
2150 PAMMEL DRIVE
AMES
IA 50011 FAX: (515)294-8125
Email: Parkin@nstl.gov

ARS Report Number: 0000085188
Approved Date: 1997-09-18

United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library
Technology Transfer Information Center
For comments and questions, contact ttic@nal.usda.gov
Updated: 1997-09-27

[http://www.ncsu.edu/sciencejunction/depot/experiments/water/lessons/np/]
Water What-ifs Water Quality and Nitrates & Phosphates
As decomposition of plant and animal material occurs,
dissolved oxygen levels decrease and nitrate levels increase. In addition,
bacteria break down large protein molecules into ammonia which combines
with oxygen to form nitrates and nitrites. Of these, nitrate is usually
the most important to consider when determining water quality. Normally
only small amounts are found naturally, but an increase in nitrate levels
can come from many man-made sources such as septic systems, fertilizer runoff
and improperly treated wastewater. As nitrates increase, they act as a plant
nutrient and cause an increase in plant growth. As the plant material dies
and decomposes, dissolved oxygen levels decrease.
An increase in nitrates may be followed by an increase
in phosphates. As phosphates increase and the growth of aquatic plants is
encouraged, algal blooms can occur. With the increase in algae growth and
decomposition, the dissolved oxygen levels will decrease.

The Global Water Sampling Project
Dissolved Oxygen

[http://k12science.ati.stevens-tech.edu/curriculum/waterproj/oxygen.html]
The Global Water Sampling Project
Dissolved Oxygen
Low DO levels may be found in areas where organic material (dead plant and
animal matter) is decaying. Bacteria require oxygen to decompose organic
waste, thus, deplete the water of oxygen. Areas near sewage discharges sometimes
have low DO levels due to this effect. DO levels will also be low in warm,
slow moving waters. Dissolved oxygen
This project is developed and managed by the Center for Improved Engineering
and Science Education (CIESE)

[http://www.ldd.go.th/article/article01.html]
Farmers can screen salt tolerant crops themselves
for growing in saline soil area. They can grow some crops like tomato, garlic,
watermelon, luffa, asparagus, lettuce, cowpea, celery, pepper, acacia and
cauliflower in medium saline soil.
For northeast saline soil, farmers have to
flood the farm in order to leach salts until the water become pale brown
and drain it. Do like this 2-3 times and add organic fertilizer such as
compost, animal manure or grow plants like S. Speciosa and Sesbania rostrata
to make green manure.

Fur the recyclable wearable

conditions that could make cotton less costly to grow.

keywords: bear deer carcass caching
decomposing - Bears are omnivores that eat a large amount of plant mater
but protein sources like insects, deer, and fish are relished. Even though
bears do not seem to eat rotting flesh they do something called caching
(covering the carcass with leaves, twigs, and brush) and will return.It appears that many meat eaters will eat the stomach for
the beneficial bacteria and enzymes, these microorganisms help the omnivores
digestion. Another parts of the animal (like the fish head) have bones and
cartilage that are beneficial to animals that are capable of digesting them.

Cotton is not highly tolerant of soil salinity, has had erosion problems,
fertilizer problems and has needed chemicals to help with pests (especially
in detrimental conditions) that runoff into water.
Granted earthworms that go down 8 feet into the soil could help keep more
of the rainfall and allowing roots to go deeper - no till and earthworms
could help rain fall sink in instead of causing erosion - worm castings
are great fertilizer - healthier plants require less fertilizer / chemicals
...

US fur commision

many fur animals are scavengers
and their [poop] end result of their food requirements are suitable --
[http://www.furcommission.com/video/Chow.htm]
food for vermicomposting which could make wearing recycled fish heads look
even better.Many countries have escalating rodent problems
and loose much of the grain in fields and storage to rodents.

ARUSHA, October 2001:

Dutch Fur

[http://www.furcommission.com/news/newsF02y.htm]DUTCH FUR BREEDERS ASSOCIATION PRESS RELEASE, MAY 16, 2001 "EU Member States Stand Behind Mink Farmers in the Nederasselt:
Four member states of the European Union (France, Spain, Finland, and Greece)
have made a formal protest to the European Commission concerning the intention
of minister L.J. Brinkhorst to ban mink farming in the Netherlands on moral
grounds. The protests result in an automatic delay."
Netherlands -- E-mail: info@nfe.nl; www.nfe.nlPiper's
comment: considering

[http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~macer/india/bii97.html]
Bioethics in India: Proceedings of the International Bioethics Workshop
in Madras: Biomanagement of Biogeoresources, 16-19 Jan. 1997, University
of Madras; Editors: Jayapaul Azariah, Hilda Azariah, & Darryl R.J. Macer,
Copyright Eubios Ethics Institute 1997. http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~macer/index.html
97. Vermiculture and vermicomposting of non-toxic organic solid waste applications
in aquaculture. Arunabha Mitra Aquacultural Engineering section, Agricultural
and Food Engineering Dept., Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721
302
Vermicasting is a rich source of macro and
micronutrients, vitamins, enzymes, antibiotics, growth hormones and immobilised
microflora. Vermicompost refers to an organic manure produced by earthworms.
It is a mixture of worm castings (faecal excretions), organic material including
humus, live earthworms, their cocoons and other organisms. Vermicomposting
is an appropriate technique for the disposal of non-toxic solid and liquid
organic wastes. It helps in cost effective and efficient recycling of animal
wastes (poultry, horse, piggery excreta and cattle dung), agricultural residues
and industrial wastes using low energy (Jambhekar,1992).
Applications of vermiculture and vermicomposting
in aquaculture The most common method of solid waste disposal is land spreading
which causes pollution of soil as well as surface and ground water resulting
in mortality of aquatic organisms. Vermicomposting of wastes controls the
pollution of soil and water, thus ensures the survivality and growth of
fish, prawn and other aquatic organisms. The application of vermicastings
which is a high grade organic fertilizer, to the aquaculture ponds reduces
the input cost making the aquaculture production process more profitable
and it also helps in controlling the harmful effects of chemical fertilizer
application. Deolalikar and Mitra (1996) have used vermicompost prepared
from paper mill solid waste for fertilizing aquacultural tanks and found
an increase in net primary productivity from 32.08 to 220.83 mgC/m /h. Vermicompost
application also showed better growth of rohu fish (Labeo rohita) when compared
with other commercially available organic manures (Deolalikar and Mitra,
1997). There is an increasing demand for protein-rich raw materials in fish
and other animal feed industry. Fish meal is the main protein component
of fish feed. Earthworm is generally used as bait by the anglers. But large
scale vermiculture has the potential of supplying earthworm meal as a substitute
of fish meal. The earthworm meal contains all the essential amino acids
required in fish feed. The methionine and lysine availability are higher
than that of fish meal.

[http://www.gpc.peachnet.edu/~cgelbaum/ESchapter13.htm]
Salinization
Accumulation of salts in the topsoil as a result
of irrigation.
Reduces crop growth hence yields.
Can be reversed by taking land out of production
By applying a large amount of water to flush salts
- wasteful
Fertilization by organic or inorganic mineral fertilizers
organic fertilizers: animal manure, green manure
(plant derived) and compost. Adds microorganisms, helps retain water, aerates
soil.
Inorganic fertilizers: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus are added to soil
as minerals which do not add to the structure or
water holding capacity of soil.
Can runoff into streams causing eutrofication of lakes Desertification
productive potential of arid or semiarid land drops by 10% or more. Area
becomes more arid. Caused by:
overgrazing
deforestation without reforestation
surface mining without reclamation
some irrigation methods
farming on marginal land
compaction by farm machinery and animals results in:
worsening drought
famine
declining living standards copy; Aquascope
2000 Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory, Strömstad,
Sweden
What is eutrofication?
[http://www.vattenkikaren.gu.se/fakta/ovrigt/eutrofie/eutr09e.html
]

SUDHARA PLUS is a vermiculture concentrate

use Explorer to open these pages

1) and 2) [http://members.tripod.com/eco_logic/twodecades.htm]2) [http://members.tripod.com/eco_logic/faq.htm]"SUDHARA PLUS is a tool for effective solid waste management.
1 kg of SUDHARA PLUS can process upto 5 kg of organic waste each day per
m2 of land area. This area should have some vegetation because the earthworms
need plant roots nearby in order to function. Earthworms also need a supply
of rock dust for their food-grinding activity and for pH control. An acidic
pH, indicated by acid-loving animals such as ants or rats is a signal to
feed the rock dust.

[http://www.naturewatch.ca/english/wormwatch/cool/recipes.html]
Earthworm Cookery Although most people use
the term insects to refer to all sorts of creatures, it really only applies
to a particular animal group: the six-legged arthropods. Earthworms are
legless and therefore are not insects.
Earthworms have received considerable attention
in the press recently as an excellent and potentially economical source
of human food. From all accounts, they are a nutritious addition to human
diets. Besides being high in protein, they are entirely edible, with no
bone or gristle to throw away, and their subtle, earthy flavour lends itself
well to all sorts of delightful dishes.
How to Clean and Prepare Earthworms (from
Entertaining with Insects, 1976)Entertaining with
Insects, 1976

Coastal
San Luis Resource Conservation District
CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS (CCC) IN 1935 SOIL CONSERVATION Work done in
Rural Arroyo Grande By Ella Honeycutt
The devastation caused by erosion,
floods and the dust storms of the 1930’s, led to the passage of the Federal
Soil Conservation Act of 1935. The Federal legislation enabled states to
act locally, and to provide conservation assistance and introduce new farming
methods to ranchers, farmers and other landowners. The history books teach
about the Dust Bowl in the Midwest but few people today realize the extent
of erosion damage to the hillside farmland on the central coast of California.
The Civilian Conservation
Corps (CCC) and the WPA were very active in Arroyo Grande in 1935 at the
bottom of the Depression. A Soil Survey Report prepared by the USDA Soil
Conservation Service (SCS) describes the conditions of the eroded land in
the Carpenter Canyon-Poorman Canyon area. The CCC was brought into the area
to stabilize the hills, which had lost their fertile soil due to erosion
and poor farming practices. The CCC camp was located where the Arroyo Grande
Women’s Club is today.
--- “Growing sugar peas on the hills near Arroyo Grande started about 1910.
During the First World War a boom in agriculture took place on the central
coast. High prices caused the available hillside land into use. The mild
climate was just right for growing early winter peas for eastern and foreign
markets and the high prices reached a peak in 1927–1928. Many small farmers
made big profits without a large capital investment. They grew small beans
and peas year after year and did not rotate the crops with sugar beets or
barley. The decline was very rapid and many fields were left without a cover
crop. In 1910 they harvested 500 crates per acre and twenty years later
they were lucky to harvest 100 crates per acre,” according to retired SCS
District Conservationist, Clark Moore. keywords: Erosion, Federal Soil Conservation Act
of 1935, world War, Mud Slids, Calfornia, saline soil

Keywords for toxic and non-toxic
organisms in the water and on land.

** use these keywords to search
with, Pfiesteria, dinoflagellates, Aspergillus, Aspergillus fumigatus,
Stachybotrys atra, Stachybotrys chartarum (atra), saprophytic, epizootic
infections,Chytrid, A. sydowii, chytridiomycosis, Phytophthora cinnamomi,
Candida albicans, Neuse - River, Red Tide, Great Lakes plankton, * Stachybotrys
chartarum (atra) is capable of producing several toxins including macrocyclic
trichothecenes (satratoxins H, G, F, roridin E, verrucarin J, and Trichoverrols
A and B). protozoan, water, Florida, GymnodiniumBreve, KareniaBrevis,
mycoplasma, Tigris River, Euphrates River, Gulf War, Evaporation, Oil
fire, Red Sea, >Lyngbya
majuscula algae blooms in Florida- May 2000
While a variety of this species has been associated with contact dermatitis,
"swimmer's itch", in Hawaii, Japan and Australia, there is no evidence
that the blooms in Florida are capable of inducing skin irritation or
other human health effects. <
>1999
The algae in Tampa Bay has been identified as Lyngbya majuscula, a blue-green
algae that is found worldwide. L. majuscula also appears in scientific
literature as Microcoleus lyngbyaceus
It is important to distinguish between the blue-green algae, Lyngbya,
and a similarly named marine slime mold, Labyrinthula <
aquifers, microbes, resource recovery, leachate, Vermicomposting
**** hypoxic waters
Generally, excess nutrients lead to increased algal production and increased
availability of organic carbon within an ecosystem, a process known as
eutrophication.
Venice, Italy - Ulva rigida algal
****
Saline - Soil, Sodic => Of or pertaining to sodium; containing sodium.
Tobacco, peanuts, cotton, Clean Cultivated Fields, Water requirements,
salinity tolerance =>
NoTill farming, Erosion, --
salinity tolerance in some crop plants (e.g. barley & sugar beet)
Aerobic vs. Anaerobic activity: Aerobic activity means activity done with
oxygen, anaerobic means without oxygen --
aeration, Anaerobic organisms can grow without the presence of oxygen,
- Earthworms are bioreactors without the methane.
- probiotics/competitive exclusion
****
Pollutants >> Eutrophication >> Municipal wastewater
treatment
phytoremediation - a promising new pollution cleanup method using plants.
****
cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV35S), plant virus, recombinant DNA,
****
canola, selenium, toxic cleanup, salt tolerance, poison, erucic acid,
tocopherols,
canola oil a common name for low erucic acid rapeseed oil (LEAR oil) (less
than 2 percent) and glucosinolates (less than 30 micromoles per gram of
oil-free meal).
Two plants in the mustard family are called Canola -- Brassica campestris,
called Polish turnip rape, and Brassica napus, known as Argentine rape.
****
Low phytic acid corn and phytase feed enzymes
**** synthetic chemical inputs such NPK, pesticides,
fungicides, herbicides and insecticides
*** leachate
A product or solution formed by leaching, especially a solution containing
contaminants picked up through the leaching of soil.
--Laura's note =>this word is also used in relation to landfillsBioreactors
from Dictionary.com
An apparatus, such as a large fermentation chamber, for growing organisms
such as bacteria or yeast that are used in the biotechnological production
of substances such as pharmaceuticals, antibodies, or vaccines, or for
the bioconversion of organic waste.
[http://mailman.cloudnet.com/pipermail/compost/2001-December/003374.html]
Bioreactors, however, are unlike other forms of renewable energy technologies
such as conventional methane recovery, ethanol, methanol, and fiber fuel
cultivation systems that return nutrients to the soil and often produce
animal feed and other beneficial byproducts. Bioreactors are horribly
inefficient methane producers. In addition, they produce no feed, fertilizers,
fiber or other valuable byproducts. They only produce contaminated garbage-dirt
that has to remain in the landfill forever. The methane, in addition,
is a dirty fuel in that more methane is lost to the atmosphere than will
be recovered since bioreactors, at best, are only 50% efficient.
--Laura's note =>Earthworms are bioreactors without the methane.

To take a asset like a chick or a plant and by taking care of it gains
in value.capitalize
To supply with capital or investment funds: capitalize a new business.
Principle
Of, relating to, or being financial principal, or a principal in a financial
transaction. Assets
The entire property of all sorts, belonging to a person, a corporation,
or an estate; as, the assets of a merchant or a trading association; --
opposed to liabilities. Note: In balancing accounts the assets are put
on the Cr. side and the debts on the Dr. side. Interest
A charge for a loan, usually a percentage of the amount loaned. b.An excess
or bonus beyond what is expected or due.

++ From a post on a list, I have
not checked these out yet.
fusarium oxysporum was very easy to find on google.com, pleospora papavarecea
not found, pleospora found, pleospora papav not found, pleospora var ecea
not found. Lots of pleospora "var." variants found.

When Your Child is too Sick
to go to School
Dr. Sally Robinson and Dr. Keith Bly. Robinson of UTMB.

Antibiotic resistance spreads quickly. Between 1979 and 1987, for example,
only 0.02 percent of pneumococcus strains were penicillin-resistant. A report
in The Journal of the American Medical Association in June 1994 indicated
that 6.6 percent of pneumococcus strains were antibiotic resistant. In 1992,
13,300 hospital patients died of bacterial infections against which the
current regimen of antibiotics proved ineffective.

CHADD
from Plantation, Florida -- started in 1987

CHADD has it's starts from meetings
in Plantation, Florida a town about 5 miles from Ft. Laurderdale and close
to the Florida everglades.

[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/medicating/interviews/parker.html]
["Let's talk a bit about CHADD, and how that was started. Perhaps you
can give me an anecdote, because I have no idea how this all began. Who
thought of CHADD, and how did it begin?
CHADD started in 1987 in southern Florida.
It was the result of an effort by a couple of parents and myself to provide
information to people in our community about ADHD. You see, at the time,
there were thousands of research articles in scientific journals about attention
deficit disorders. But parents were totally confused. School districts knew
nothing about ADHD. And there were only maybe three or four books written
about ADHD that were available to people.
So we got the idea of having a little support
group meeting--an informational meeting, if you will--at a local private
school, in Plantation. And we were surprised that over a hundred people
showed up, and fit into a tiny little classroom to learn about ADHD. So
we said, "Well, it seems like there's a need for this," and we decided to
have a second meeting, in a hotel a month later. And 200 parents show up.
Gradually, more and more people found out about these meetings, and we decided
to write a little newsletter, and we gave a name to the organization. The
name was Children and Adults with Attention Deficit Disorders, CHADD. "]
.

[http://www.flaquarium.net/habitats.htm]
Habitats Water. It's as plentiful as sunshine in the Sunshine State. Surrounded
on three sides by ocean, no part of the Florida peninsula is more than 60
miles from salt water. Florida's vast landscape encompasses 58,560 square
miles, 4,308 of which are water. Waves lap at 1,000 miles of the state's
most famous attraction -- its beaches. Join us as we celebrate natural Florida
by exploring water's precious role in our lives and in the state's fragile
ecosystems.

Fresh water goes salty
PETA
Worm recipes as a replacment for meat
Deer teeth by 9-1/2yrs worn close or to gum line
No Till farming -- EarthWorms
99 low water Gaza aquifer, Tigris and Euphrates
America into mental hypercontriacs
Learning Styles
5 Factors of Education
Vericomposting

Ciba-Geigy gave substansal contributions
to CHADD, this was made public in the USA by PBS
1PBS 2 airing
the Merrow Report
October 20, 1995
By 1996 Ciba-Geigy had merged with Sandoz to create the company called Novartis
and since neither Clinton, the FDA or anyone else had made enough of an
issue about the contributions by 1996 The National Alliance for the Mentally
Ill (NAMI) seems to have jumped on the band wagon by taking money for pharmesudical
companys too, Eli Lilly and Co. - makers of Prozac and Novartis makers of
Ritalin.
[ http://www.resultsproject.net/writing_on_the_wall.html
]
So, once they drum down US education and American Democracy to the point
that enough businesses and educated people leave America who will be running
America and will they finally make the fact that pharmesudicals pollute
the water public? Same control even without drugs?

Deer Teeth

HOW TO TELL THE AGE OF DEER
[http://www.conservation.state.mo.us/hunt/deer/age/]
imgDeer, Too, Get Long in the Tooth [http://www.montana.edu/wwwpb/reso/agedeer.html]
Whitetail Ageing How to Age Deer? [http://www.kerrlake.com/deer/teeth.htm]
img
.5-1/2; Years and Older: In most hunted deer populations, less than two
percent of the animals are more than five years of age. Accurately aging
these deer by tooth wear is usually more of a guessing game than a science.
In general, deer close to 5-1/2; years of age will show considerable wear
on the premolars, and the first cusp of the fourth cheek tooth (first molar)
will be dished out or show signs of "cupping."
9-1/2; Years: By 9-1/2; years, all cheek teeth are cupped and worn nearly
to the gum line.

Alliance For The Chesapeake Bay
Bay Journal
The Chesapeake Bay Newspaper
Vol 8 - Number 10 January - February 1999

"...had little, or no fat in the body cavity and exhibited
signs of poor nutrition and starvation; approximately 12 percent of these
fish had visual external lesions, ulcers or sores.

"Atlantic menhaden are an extremely important link in the coastal marine
food chain, transferring enormous amounts of nutrients into forage biomass,
while at the same time improving water quality - they have the potential
to consume up to 25 percent of the Bay's nitrogen."

[http://www.bayjournal.com/update/99-02/menhdn.htm]
Research examines ecological impact of menhaden
By Jim Price
The high percentage of Chesapeake Bay striped
bass in poor nutritional condition raises concern about the declining forage
base for all predator species using the Bay, including the common loon.
During 1997 and 1998, more than 60 percent of the striped bass from Maryland's
portion of the Bay that were examined by the Chesapeake Bay Acid Rain Foundation
(CBARF) had little, or no fat in the body cavity and exhibited signs of
poor nutrition and starvation; approximately 12 percent of these fish had
visual external lesions, ulcers or sores.
This ulcerative dermatitis in Bay striped
bass was first reported to the Maryland Department of Natural Resources
in September 1994, after poor recruitment for the 1993 year class of Atlantic
menhaden within the
Chesapeake. During the fall and winter, when the water temperatures decrease
and forage becomes more available, the condition of the striped bass population
improves, with most of the lesions and sores healing, indicating that the
chronic outbreak of various skin anomalies may be related to poor nutrition
coupled with peak late summer water temperatures. The CBARF is working with
officials from the University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Chesapeake Bay
Program, Maryland DNR, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and the National Marine
Fisheries Service to investigate what effects reduced numbers of Atlantic
menhaden have on the diet and health of fish and bird populations in the
Bay and along the coast.
Atlantic menhaden are an extremely important
link in the coastal marine food chain, transferring enormous amounts of
nutrients into forage biomass, while at the same time improving water quality
- they have the potential to consume up to 25 percent of the Bay's nitrogen.
No other fish has the capability to replace this unique species. Historically,
during their residence in the Bay, a healthy population of Atlantic menhaden
had the capacity, in less than two days, to filter a volume of water equal
to the entire Chesapeake Bay.

Fish Lesions in The Chesapeake
Bay: Pfiesteria-like Dinoflagellates and Other Etiologies

[Shipton's note: if these fish were human, one might think that they had
d

[http://aquaticpath.umd.edu/mmj/]
Discussion
The gross lesions observed on menhaden collected
from the Chicamacomico River are consistent with lesions previously described
from fish collected from other environmental kills (11,12). Although there
was a prevalence of lesions near the anus, the location of lesions on the
fish was variable. The extent of the lesions ranged from an area of reddening
to deep penetrating ulcers (Figure 1). The annular lesion at the base of
the dorsal fin noted on the striped bass in the present study appeared similar
to lesions observed on Pfiesteria-exposed hybrid striped bass (M. saxatilis
x M. chrysops) as described by Burkholder et al. (3).
Three potentially toxic Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates
(Pfiesteria piscicida, Gyrodinium galatheanum, Cryptoperidiniopsis spp.)
have been identified from the Chicamacomico River in 1997 (13). Limited
laboratory experiments with striped bass exposed to a sublethal concentration
of Pfiesteria toxin demonstrated chronic ulcer initiation (14). So far,
however, there has been no field validation to definitively demonstrate
ulcerative lesion initiation due to exposure to toxic dinoflagellates.
...To date, there is no evidence that live fish with lesions harbor Pfiesteria-like
organisms or their toxin(s). Further, there are no current data to support
that these fish lesions are a source of infection for human dermal pathologies
(as described by Shoemaker (21) and Lowitt (22)). From a more general perspective,
however, whole (healthy) fish have been known to cause acute contact dermatitis
in humans and asthma-like symptoms (23,24). It appears that some human hypersensitivity
reactions may be related to a glycoprotein component of the outer protective
mucus coat covering fish epithelium (25,26).

[http://www.charleston.net/fish/microbe1.html]
Sunday, September 1, 1996
Scientists track the 'phantom' By TONY BARTELME Of The Post and Courier
staff
Howard Glasgow and JoAnn Burkholder
In 1993, the year Howard Glasgow "went down," as his colleagues say, he
and Burkholder knew as much as anyone about pfiesteria (pronounced fee-steer-ee-uh).
In fact, several years before, it was Burkholder and researchers at N.C.
State's veterinary school who discovered it. Ed Noga, a fish pathologist,
and a grad student, Steve Smith, walked into their lab one morning and found
the fish belly up. Noga put more fish in, but they died too.

In January 1993, she poured samples into beakers the size of an egg shell.
It was a tricky operation. "I was pouring it right up against my face. I
was doing that for about four hours. I can tell you that I was very lucid
when I walked in the lab, but I don't remember much for about eight days
afterward."

"The trouble was that there were no federal regulations or guidelines on
working with toxic phytoplankton," Burkholder said. Pfiesteria

[http://www.mote.org/~mhenry/WREDTIDE.phtml]
Florida Red Tide Changes its Name!!!
Recently, the Florida red tide Gymnodinium breve, or G. breve was reclassified
in the taxonomy of dinoflagellates. Its new name is Karenia brevis, or K.
brevis. Karenia was chosen in honor of Dr. Karen Steidinger, a prominent
red tide scientist from the Florida Marine Research Institute in St. Petersburg,
FL. Our congratulations go to Dr. Steidinger for this honor. We will be
updating our web pages for the change to K. brevis. Please forgive us if
you occasionally still see a G. breve!
keywords: Gymnodinium breve, Karenia brevis, dinoflagellates, red tide

History of the Florida Marine Research Institute
[http://www.floridamarine.org/
about/history.asp]
FMRI History, Part 1 The Florida Marine Research Institute began as a small
field station founded by the University of Florida in March 1955 at the
Maritime Training Base on Bayboro Harbor in St. Petersburg. The laboratory
was established to conduct research on red tides, which had plagued Florida's
west coasts during the 1940's and 1950's.

Ciguatera
is more famous in Pacific waters; however, in Florida, the Red Tide organism,
Karenia brevis, a one-celled dinoflagellate, and shellfish exposed to blooms
of this organism, reportedly have a ciguatera-like toxin that can cause
human suffering. Ciguatera poison is thought to originate at the base of
the food chain and in Pacific waters it has been traced to toxic blue-green
algae that are eaten by small fishes and in turn are eaten by larger fishes.
It is through the food chain that the toxin is taken in and accumulated.
The most toxic marine poison known is 160,000
times more potent than cocaine and is produced by several dinoflagellates
common to the shores of Washington, Canada and Alaska. They produce a toxin
known scientifically as saxitoxin or paralytic shellfish poison (PSP). The
name saxitoxin has its origin from the Alaska butter clam, Saxidomas, which
has caused shellfish poisoning in humans. Again, the association and resultant
human distress is through the food chain.
...One product of marine seaweeds, although not of a poisonous nature, deserves
attention because of its potential anti-tumor and anti-leukemia activities
in animals exposed to radiation. Sodium alginates of seaweeds tend to inhibit
the absorption of radioactive strontium in the blood stream and bone tissue
of rats by 75
...To cite examples of potential uses for poisons or toxins often involves
using the effect of the poison as the cure. For example ciguatera poison,
which affects the neuromotor system, can relax spasms when administered
in small doses. Another poison isolated from an electric eel shows potential
as an antidote for pesticide poisoning.

1986
Status of the Fishery -- 1994*** *** Report prepared for 74th legislature,
January 1995. Reflects regulations in place at the time.

[http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/fish/geninfo/txfinsta.htm]
Nature has also played a major role in fish mortality during the last twelve
years. The freeze of winter 1983-84, the red tide of 1986 and the freezes
of February and December 1989 were some of the worst natural disasters affecting
saltwater fish in Texas' recent history. Emergency regulations were adopted
immediately following the 1983-84 freeze to help rebuild the resource.

1986
COASTAL SERVICES July/August 1999
Toxic Tides: Planning is Coastal Managements' Best Prevention
"A lot of states never experienced a red tide before the last 10 years.
It's been a very alarming decade." Carmelo Tomas, Florida Marine Research
Institute

[http://www.csc.noaa.gov/newsletter/back_issues/julaug99/toxictides.html]
The State of Florida, which has documented
harmful algal blooms since the 1940s, estimates the economic impact of just
one bloom in the millions. "If even one area of Florida's coast is affected
by a red tide bloom, the impact can be millions of dollars for the tourism
and fishing industry that year," says Carmelo Tomas, research scientist
for the Florida Department of Environmental Protection's Florida Marine
Research Institute. "It wouldn't take much for a state to sit down and look
at what attracts visitors to their state and what the impact of a red tide
would mean."
The most common cause of toxic red tides in
Texas and Florida is Gymnodinium breve, a marine dinoflagellate. Florida
has experienced a Gymnodinium breve red tide 23 out of the past 24 years.
This species of red tide has been experienced at least once by all the Gulf
of Mexico states and has been transported up the Atlantic coast all the
way to North Carolina.
"A lot of states never experienced a red tide
before the last 10 years. It's been a very alarming decade," Tomas says.
"The impression is that red tide is spreading and becoming more common,
not only in the U.S., but on a global scale."
Texas was caught off guard in 1986 when the
state experienced its first Gymnodinium breve bloom in 30 years. According
to Dave Buzan, chief of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Coastal Conservation
Branch, when the bloom occurred there was "almost a complete loss of historic
perspective in the state about red tide and how to respond. It took a long
time, relatively speaking, for us to understand that what we had was a red
tide incident going on."
For more information on the Texas Red Tide
Contingency Plan, contact Cindy Contreras at (512) 912-7095, or e-mail her
at cindy.contreras@tpwd.state.tx.us. For more information on red tide research
and planning in Florida, contact Karen Steidinger at (727) 896-8626, or
e-mail steidinger_k@dep.state.f1.us. For more information on national red
tide efforts, point your browser to www.redtide.whoi.edu/hab/.

1986
Red Tide by Tony Reisinger Cameron County Marine Extension Agent

last update 16 Oct 2000 hockaday@panam.edu)

[http://www.panam.edu/dept/csl/redtide.html]
Discolored water and dead fish in the Gulf
of Mexico indicated something was mysteriously wrong. The date of this observation
was 1530 aboard a Spanish vessel. This is the first reported incident of
what may have been red tide in the gulf. We've had over a dozen blooms in
Texas the last 60 years. Most of them have been minor compared to those
in 1935 and 1986. The first documented Texas outbreak was in 1935 when a
massive fish kill accompanied an aerosol that caused coughing, sneezing
and watery red eyes in September off Corpus Christi. The fish kill associated
with that incident was much greater than the 1986 occurrence which is estimated
to have taken over 22 million fish. In 1935 people speculated the dead fish
and noxious gases were the result of an underwater volcano in the gulf.
It was not until 1947 when scientists figured the event was caused by a
small single cell microorganism or dinoflagellate called Gymnodinum breve.
When conditions are right, it can multiply to enormous numbers sufficient
enough to discolor water, kill fish and release an irritating aerosol into
the air. The organism is one of two species that cause red tides in Texas
waters but the only one that produces an aerosol.
One thing we are sure of is the red tide resulting
from this small microorganism has a definite impact on fish and people.
This is because of a neurotoxin present in the cells called brevetoxin which
is actually a soup of five different toxins. When red tide cells burst in
surf or over a fishes gills, this toxin is released and available for uptake
into a fishes bloodstream via gills, or into the air via water particles
(aerosol) released by waves. In a fish the toxin is deadly and cell concentrations
of 250 cells in one milliliter (1/30 of an ounce) of water kill fish. Wave
action, wind and cell concentrations determine the strength of the aerosol
and its effect on people. Concentrations of 400 per milliliter in heavy
surf with moderate wind can be just as irritting as cell counts of 40,000
cells per milliliter in light surf. and little wind. People with asthma
should avoid the aerosol since their condition can be aggravated. Contact
dermatitis has been reported as a symptom of exposure to red tide. Sore
throat, coughing, sneezing and watery or itchy eyes are the most common
symptoms.

[http://aquaticpath.umd.edu/toxalg/nsp.html]
Throughout the Gulf of Mexico and the U.S. South Atlantic Bight, G. breve
is found in low background concentrations (1-1,000 cell/l) except in areas
off the west Florida and Texas coasts where local circulation may play a
role in concentrating cells. While G. breve blooms have occurred in many
different areas within the Gulf of Mexico, from Yucatan in the south, along
the Tamaulipas and Texas coasts, and recently to Alabama, Mississippi and
Louisiana waters, they are most frequent along the west coast of Florida.
Blooms there are especially frequent from Clearwater to Sanibel Island,
occurring in 21 of the last 22 years. These blooms on the southwest Florida
shelf served as a source for cells inoculating the U.S. South Atlantic Bight
(Florida east coast and North Carolina) in 1987-88 (Tester et al. 1991).

1986
Captain's Logbook

keywords: 1986 red tide florida ft lauderdale

[http://www.flseagrant.org/science/library/fathom_magazine/volume-6_issue-4/logbook.htm]Red Tide May Have Been Ancient Killer Researchers at the University
of Florida's Museum of Natural History report that the thousands of seabird
bones found fossilized in 1989 near Sarasota may have been killed by a red
tide. The birds, including 137 cormorants, died 2 million to 2.5 million
years ago and researchers believe they were poisoned by a red tide that
sent toxic algae through the local food chain. A key piece of evidence pointing
to red tide as the cause of death was the tens of thousands of microscopic
spheres found in the sediment containing the fossils. The spheres are actually
shells that protect algae while they are in hibernation on the seafloor.
In this case, the shells are from a type of algae that is known to produce
red tides.

photo: taken on September 12, 1995
at North Lido Beach by Robert Myers

[http://www.lib.noaa.gov/edocs/synthesis/e2ba2.htm]294. Pierce, R.H. 1986. Red tide (Ptychodiscus brevis) toxin aerosols:
A review. Toxicon 24 (10): 955-965. This review summarizes current knowledge
of the characterization, effect, and production of red tide toxin aerosols,
with emphasis on the Florida red tide organism, Ptychodiscus brevis. Insight
into the chemical characterization and toxic effects of aerosolized toxins
is provided from investigations of toxins extracted from natural blooms
and from laboratory cultures. The production of aerosolized toxins is examined
through studies of jet drop aerosol formation from bursting bubbles. Available
information suggests that aerosolized red tide toxins may be the same chemicals
as those extracted from laboratory cultures, with one of the toxins having
a greater respiratory effect than others.301. Tester, P.A. and Fowler, P.K. 1990. Brevetoxin contamination
of Mercenaria and Crassostrea virginica: A management issue. Fourth International
Conference on Toxic Marine Phytoplankton, Lund (Sweden), 26-30 Jun. 1989.
In: Toxic Marine Phytoplankton. Graneli, E., Sundstroem, B., Edler, L.,
Anderson, D.M. (ed.). pp. 499-503. The first red tide (Ptychodiscus brevis)
bloom ever recorded along the North Carolina coast was both massive and
persistent. Between 2 Nov. 1987 and 21 Jan. 1988, 145,280 hectares of shellfish
harvesting areas were closed. This caused severe economic loss to coastal
communities and was especially devastating to the clam fishery. The authors
examine factors affecting the toxicity of clams and oysters in the field
and comment on existing guidelines which govern the reopening of the shellfish
harvesting areas after a red tide bloom.

[http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/climatechange01/FinalArticles/
GlobalClimateChangeAffect.html]Results: Overview
The Florida Everglades are one of the most unique wetland areas in North
America.
Historically, they used to be fifty miles wide, and extend from Lake Okeechobee
southward 100 miles to the southern tip of the Florida peninsula. In 1947,
the
southern most portion of the Everglades was established by Congress as the
Everglades National Park to help protect and preserve this unique area.
The
Seminole Indians called the Everglades Pahhayokee or "grassy waters," since
there is an almost unnoticeable sheet flow of fresh water beneath a sea
of sawgrass
prairies traveling south, which empties into the Florida Bay and the Gulf
waters.
Only a few inches deep and supplied solely by the rain that falls on it,
this natural
water supply is the lifeline of the Everglades which supports rare and endangered
species of plants and animals, including the American alligator and Florida
panther.
Everglades National Park contains 1.5 million acres and is located just
to the west
of the densely populated city of Miami, and within close proximity of Ft.
Lauderdale,
and West Palm Beach. Over the last few decades, the development of South
Florida
has pitted the people and the Everglades as competitors for a finite water
supply
which has already been reduced dramatically from extensive canal and levee
systems designed for flood control and agricultural use
(http://www.eng.fiu.edu/evrglads/introenp/introeve.html).

Still Making a Splash
After 35 years, more than 2,000 graduates and millions of dollars in research,
the Department of Marine and Environmental Systems (DMES) has made a difference
in Florida and around the country.

keywords: Global Distiation,
African sandstorms dust from these sandstorms can be in the US within a
day.

[http://www.fit.edu/newsroom/FloridaTechTodayOnline/splash.html]
Student-run research holds equal importance to faculty research. For example,
students monitoring air quality are interested in a link between African
dust and red tide. “Most people wouldn’t even think that we’d be affected
by a sandstorm in the Sahara, but students working at our air-quality monitoring
station have shown us that the atmosphere is a global concern,” said Maul.

Maryland Sea Grant:
Pfiesteria Biology

red tide
Pfiesteria
Gymnodinium breve
Karenia breve
dinoflagellate

[http://www.mdsg.umd.edu/pfiesteria/biology.html]
Pfiesteria piscicida and Pfiesteria-like Organisms
Pfiesteria Biology
The release of bioactive substances (that may be toxic) by Pfiesteria appears
to differ from many "red tide" organisms. Common red tide dinoflagellates,
such as Karenia brevis (formally Gymnodinium breve) release endotoxins when
their fragile cells are disrupted by turbulance. Pfiesteria appears to release
exotoxins, and based on laboratory studies, JoAnn Burkholder and colleagues
argue that Pfiesteria releases toxins more proactively to stun prey items.
Other studies have demonstrated that Pfiesteria-like organisms are attracted
to fish and can attach to their skin. In large numbers these dinoflagallates
may be capable of causing severe mechanically stress to fish as well. red
tide
Pfiesteria
Gymnodinium breve
Karenia breve
dinoflagellate

[http://www.habhrca.noaa.gov/habdraft.html]
NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS
developed for The National Science And Technology Council Committee On Environment
And Natural Resourcs Task Force On Harmful Algal Blooms And Hypoxia Draft
June 1999

Letter from Environmental Defense
and Concerned Scientists Calling for Action on the Polluted Dead Zone in
the Gulf of Mexico April 12, 2001

[http://environmentaldefense.org/documents/122_DeadZone_letter.htm]
The Dead Zone is caused by excessive nutrients
-- particularly nitrogen - that pollute the waters in the Gulf of Mexico
downstream from the Mississippi River, triggering excess growth of algae.
When the algae die and decompose, dissolved oxygen levels plunge. The resulting
condition known as "hypoxia" creates an area in which few organisms can
survive. In recent years, the Dead Zone has grown in area to more than 20,000
km2, an area equivalent in size to the State of New Jersey.
Many of these improvements will be addressed
in upcoming pieces of legislation, including the Farm Bill, Conservation
Reserve Program, Wetlands Reserve Program, Environmental Quality Incentives
Program, Swampbuster, CZMA, and 404 program reauthorization.

[http://www.pulitzer.org/year/1997/public-service/works/2-1/]
THE DEAD SEA Is it possible to kill 7,000
square miles of the Gulf of Mexico? Alarmed scientists are beginning to
think it is more than a possibility; it's increasingly likely. Already,
the dead zone, a seasonal area rendered almost lifeless byvast amounts of
pollution pumped into the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River, is
expanding. Without action, it may become permanent.
Fertilizer, sewage brew dead zone By Mark
Schleifstein, Staff writerDay Two: Monday, March
25, 1996
Fertililizer, sewage brew dead zone

National Ocean Service | National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | U.S. Department of Commerce

National Centers for Coastal
Ocean Science Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Assessment HYPOXIA IN THE GULF OF MEXICO
[http://www.nos.noaa.gov/products/pubs_hypox.html]
Generally, excess nutrients lead to increased algal production and increased
availability of organic carbon within an ecosystem, a process known as eutrophication.
extra link [http://www.accessnoaa.noaa.gov/may0301/happenings.html]
Either flee or perish is the fate of animals living in a smothering layer
near the bottom of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Stretching for about 7,000
square miles off of Louisiana's coast, this hypoxic, or dead zone, lacks
oxygen because of pollutants flowing into the gulf from the Mississippi
River. Anything that can't move out eventually dies. The size of the zone
fluctuates. Right now, it's the size of New Jersey. {keywords: mississippi
zone size rhode island }

[http://www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/000403/gut.htm]
[Note: In 1917 A Gernam scientist Paul Trendelenburg found out about a self-contained,
self-regulating nervous system that operates independently of the cranial
brain or spinal cord, embedded in the wall of the gut. By the year 2000
it was found out that there are mast cells embedded in the lining of the
gut, and that the gut brain has at least 30 neurochemicals that are the
same as the ones in the crainial brain. IBS is not imagined, or a psychosomatic
cranial mental problem but can be caused by the “little brain” causing chronic
abdominal pain, discomfort, and irregular bowel movements to the nerves
or little brain in the gut. ] [For reasons that still mystify researchers
today, the stunning results of this experiment went into hibernation for
nearly half a century and are only now receiving fresh validation. Indeed,
no one in medicine paid attention again until a fledgling neurobiologist
began touting its clinical value in 1965. "The idea that the gut can be
operating its own nervous system was shocking," recalls Michael Gershon,
now chair of the department of anatomy and cell biology at Columbia University
and author of The Second Brain, a 1998 account of the acceptance of this
scientific idea. Since the 1980s, Gershon's colleagues have zealously embraced
the notion of "the little brain in the gut," as it's affectionately known.
"What Mother Nature had done, rather than packing all of those neurons in
the big brain in the skull and sending long lines to the gut, is distribute
the microcomputer, the little brain, right along with the gut," says Jackie
Wood, a neurobiologist at Ohio State University.] Printed 2 pgs. (Note:
Those butterflies in your stomach are not just in your mind)

My take on this is that – an
individual mother that uses cloth dipers is also paying the city she lives
in for whatever power and water is used, by buying the disposables she is
giving the manufacturing money and the utility money to another “entity”
that may not even bank in the city that the manufacturing plant is in. Diaper
links with the hazards that disposables can have are below.

The ecological debate: cloth vs. disposable
[http://www.perc.flora.org/waste-line/articles/diaper.html]
So in the 1980s, the ecological debate began. As the pro-cotton crowd pointed
to the extreme numbers trees and plastics being used to make disposables,
disposable diaper companies brought up the pesticide use in growing cotton.
(although unbleached, organic cotton diapers are now available.) When the
disposable companies mentioned that pollution is created in harvesting and
transporting cotton to be made into diapers, the pro-cotton crowd pointed
out that pollution is created in the manufacturing of disposables and their
transport to the stores. And, when the disposable companies stated that
human waste of babies was dumped into the local water supply through laundering,
cotton proponents replied that laundered baby human waste goes where adult
human waste goes: into the sewage system (which currently is our best choice
of breaking down municipal waste and reusing our water resource) And what
about the water used to launder cotton diapers? The amount of water to wash
diapers is about the same as it is for a potty trained child or adult flushing
the toilet.

Diapers! Disposable or Cotton? Plus… How to set up a cloth diaper system
[http://www.ecobaby.com/cloth.htm]
Your baby will spend about 25,000 hours in diapers and need about 6,000
diaper changes during the first years of life. Your decision to use disposable
or cloth diapers, will have a great impact on your baby’s comfort and health,
and on your peace of mind and finances. The 90’s cloth diaper systems are
so easy to use (no soaking, no pins).

[http://www.ecomall.com/greenshopping/motherc2.htm]
Sodium polyacrylate is the same substance that was removed from tampons
in 1985 because of its link to toxic shock syndrome. 7) No studies have
been done on the long-term effects of this chemical being in contact with
a baby's reproductive organs 24 hours a day for upwards of two years.

[http://infoventures.com/e-hlth/answers/ants.html]
Repellents: Ants can be repelled by vinegar,
cayenne pepper, citric extracts, bone meal, cinnamon, cream of tartar, salt,
and perfume. You will have to keep trying different repellents to find the
one your ants aren't willing to tolerate. Place lines of the selected repellent
at points of entry and at various points along their path.
Insecticides: There are two ways to kill
ants. The first is to dehydrate them by laying out piles of instant grits
( a corn product usually located in the cereal section of the grocery store)
at the point of entry and along their trail. They will think of the grits
as a food source and consume the pellets. The grits will in turn absorb
moisture from the ant's body, thus killing it (instant grits are specially
formulated to absorb water more rapidly that regular grits, thus they are
more effective). The second method to kill ants is to feed them a mixture
of 1 part active dry yeast, 2 parts molasses, and 1 part sugar. They will
be attracted to the sugar in the mixture and will eat it readily. Once consumed
the yeast will produce gas in the ant, and because they can't expel the
gas, it will kill them.
Another method of elimination involves the
elimination of the nest. If you can find the nest, you can try pouring boiling
water over the nest. If that isn't sufficient, you can try adding cayenne
pepper to the boiling water, or using citrus extracts. If you have multiple
nests, you could dig up a bucket of ants from one nest and dump it on another
nest. Ants are very territorial, and they will readily hunt and kill invading
colonies.

[http://www.biospheres.com/closedsys.html]
The name Biospherics was agreed upon as the name for this new science
by those gathered at the Second International Conference on Biospherics
in Krasnoyarsk, Siberia, Russia, September, 1989, which was co-sponsored
by the Institute of Biophysics (Russia) and the Institute of Ecotechnics
(UK).

Biosphere 2
[http://www.roadtripusa.com/us93/arizona.html]
One of the most ambitious, controversial,
and just plain bizarre schemes to hatch in recent years, Biosphere II stands
in the Arizona desert at the northern foot of Mount Lemmon. Developed by
a new-age group called "Synergia Ranch," and funded by the Texas billionaire
Ed Bass, Biosphere II was originally intended to simulate the earth's entire
ecosystem, in order to test the possibility of building self-sustaining
colonies on other planets. A crew of four "biospherians" spent two not entirely
self-sustained years sealed inside, emerging in 1993, when another crew
took their place.
Amidst allegations of corruption and deceit,
the founders of Biosphere II were unceremoniously fired by Mr. Bass in 1994,
and the project has since been redirected to focus on pure research—though
the Biosphere II is still a sealed system, there are no longer any people
locked inside, and scientists study the affects of "greenhouse gases" and
other ecosystem changes. Media attention and tourist traffic have died down
considerably, but you can still visit the very pretty site and take a self-guided
tour (daily 9 AM-4 PM; $11.95).

Columbia University Names NSF's
William Harris New Director of Biosphere 2 Center

Biosphere [http://www.bio2.edu/visitor/visitor_faq.htm]
Q: Are people still living inside Biosphere 2? Top
A: No one lives inside Biosphere 2 any longer. The first crew of biospherians
(four women and four men) entered Biosphere 2 on September 26, 1991. The
object of the sealed experiment was to assess the operations of the technical
and biological systems. The crew members remained inside for two years despite
various problems, including limited agricultural productivity and emerged
on September 26, 1993. After a six month transition period, a second crew
of seven biospherians (five men and two women) entered Biosphere 2. They
remained inside for six and a half months, emerging on September 17, 1994.

Q: I heard the first crew of biospherians didn't have enough oxygen. What
caused the problem? Top
A: On the Earth, oxygen measures almost 21% of our atmosphere. During the
first closure, oxygen levels dropped to almost 14% which was dangerous to
the residents. Dr. Wally Broeker from Columbia University was among those
called upon to solve the problem. Dr. Broeker discovered that the soils
were too rich in organic materials with too many microbes taking up the
oxygen. Researchers were puzzled to know where the abundant carbon dioxide
that these organisms were producing was going. Investigations revealed that
the newly formed cement used to construct Biosphere 2 was absorbing the
carbon dioxide. Oxygen had to be injected through the west lung in order
to ensure that the biospherians remained in good health. This marked the
beginning of a close association between Biosphere 2 and Columbia University.

Q: What are "crazy ants" and what problems do they cause?
A: Paratrechina longicornis, commonly referred to as crazy ants, are found
on every continent except Antarctica. They are blamed for decreases in butterflies,
moths, beetles, plants and plant pollinators. No toxic fertilizers or insecticides
are allowed inside Biosphere 2 and a large population of crazy ants developed.
Among other problems, the ants clog sensors and electrical outlets inside
Biosphere 2.

Ants

ARGENTINE
ANT Iridomyrmex humilis
"Argentine ants have a lot of queens, as many as eight for every 1,000
workers."...Argentine ants do not fight each other over territory.
They will allow each other to pass freely across all their areas. Therefore,
Argentine ants are called polydomous.
...The Argentine ant first arrived in the United States sometime before
1891. Scientists who study insects, entomologists, watched these ants travel
to California in 1905.
...What do they eat? Like so many pests, or nuisances, the Argentine ant
is omnivorous. Argentine ants will eat not only crumbs, but termites and
flea eggs (larva). They will also eat insects, earthworms, baby field mice,
and candy bars. ...Because the Argentine ant likes honeydew so much, it
may be possible to get rid of most of them. If everyone in the whole neighborhood
would put Vaseline around the trunks of trees and bushes where aphids live,the
ant will get trapped and many will go away because they can not get to their
favorite food. The other choice would be to spray the entire neighborhood
with bug spray or pesticide which will kill all the insects, not just the
Argentine ant. What would happen to an ecosystem if all of the first order
consumers were destroyed?

What is real is that earthworms can help remove radionuclides from the
soil.

Joint U.S. and Eastern European Research on Control of Biofouling by Dreissena
Spp. (Zebra Mussels).

keywords:
chernobyl radionuclides biological remove .

[http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9604/04/cnnp_chernobyl/]
CNN Presents Chernobyl: Legacy of a Meltdown
April 4, 1996 Web posted at: 5:30 p.m. EST (2230 GMT) From Special Reports
Correspondent Larry LaMotte
CHERNOBYL, Ukraine (CNN) -- In 1986, an explosion ripped through Reactor
4 of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine. It was the world's worst
nuclear accident.
Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev broke the news: "Good evening, comrades.
All of you know that there has been an incredible misfortune -- the accident
at the Chernobyl nuclear plant. It has painfully affected the Soviet people,
and shocked the international community. For the first time, we confront
the real force of nuclear energy, out of control."
Ten years later, the radiation remains. It's there in the soil; in the animals;
in the people.

[http://www.istc.ru/] The International
Science and Technology Center (ISTC) promotes the nonproliferation of weapons
technology of mass destruction.

[http://www.tech-db.ru/istc/db/pra.nsf/pran/2070]
-Full Title: Development of Biological Methods for the Remediation of Soil
Contaminated with Radionuclides
"That is why biological methods may become the most prospective methods
for soil remediation. Briefly: biological methods are methods using biological
objects, such as earthworms, which remove radionuclides from the soil, as
well as biosorbents (biohumus - active biological organic fertilizers, bentonitic
clay, etc.) which bind residual amounts of radionuclides and toxic substances
in the soil."

1994 [[http://www.ornl.gov/ORNLReview/rev25-34/net925.html]
A team of Environmental Sciences and Chemical Technology researchers sought
to use microorganisms in bioreactors to rid the environment of PCBs and
other toxic wastes. Experiments along Bear Creek in Oak Ridge indicated
that aerating and watering PCB-contaminated soil encouraged growth of micro-
organisms that could digest PCBs and convert them into less toxic substances.
This success led to additional investigations into bacterial capabilities
for digesting and converting other toxic materials. For many years, researchers
in the Health and Safety Research Division analyzed the accuracy of personnel
dosimeters for the Laboratory and outside agencies. Other agencies mailed
dosimeters to the Laboratory, and the devices were checked by exposure to
measured radiation at the Health Physics Research Reactor. In 1989, the
Laboratory opened the Radiation Calibration Laboratory for checking dosimeters,
radiobiological experiments, and related purposes. This laboratory helped
fill the research needs stymied by closure of the Health Physics Research
Reactor. ]

[http://wings.buffalo.edu/faculty/research/iucb/EasternEuropeFinal.htm]
Project Activities and Findings:
..... As in most pioneering research, it turned
out that neither hypothesis was validated. Instead, it was discovered that
[3] the high level of water pollution in Central and Eastern Europe is the
most probable factor keeping the rate of proliferation of zebra mussels
to controllable levels there, and [4] the protective 'periphytic' environment
of slimy biofilms was probably critical to the persistence of these zebra
mussels in such polluted waters. Follow-up research with colleagues in Belarus,
Ukraine, and Russia is now proposed to [5] use the amazing pollution-filtering
and removal capabilities of the surface biofilm-bound zebra mussels to clean
up trace contaminants (including radionuclides from the Chernobyl reactor
fallout in Central Europe) in lakes and lagoons, and [6] control the biofilm-forming
qualities inside ballast water tanks of commercial vessels to minimize the
possibilities for future exotic hitchhikers' to be transported around the
world in protected slime layers that discharge to new harbors.
Book(s) and other one-time publications:
... Diggins TP and Baier RE., "Zebra Mussel
Filtration to Remove Trace Radionuclides from Contaminated Lakes.", (1999).
Abstracts Volume, Published Bibliography. Lake Ecosystems: biological processes,
anthropogenic transformation, water quality, International Sci. Conf. on
Lake Ecosystems, September 20-25, 1999, Minsk-Naroch, Belarus, page 85.
Description:
... --The IRCOMS (International Research Consortium
on Molluscan Symbionts) website highlights the network of scientists and
students from seven countries who collaborate on studying the fundamental
biology and ecology of molluscan symbionts. Founded in 1993 by the New York
State Museum (D.P. Molloy, Coordinator), this 1995-1999 NSF grant on zebra
mussels was a major factor in fostering the growth and productivity of the
research consortium. The funding provided by NSF is acknowledged on the
web page. This webpage is very active.

METAL-MUNCHING PLANTS Rutgers University's Phytoremediation ILYA RASKIN
"METAL-MUNCHING PLANTS Rutgers University's Phytoremediation ILYA RASKIN
Last year in Ukraine, not far from the site of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster,
an unusual garden bloomed. On a pond contaminated with the highly radioactive
metals cesium and strontium, sunflowers floated on small Styrofoam rafts
and sent their roots into the deadly waters. Despite the poisons, the plants
thrived, and as they grew, they absorbed large amounts of cesium and strontium
into their roots and stems. These sunflowers herald a new and cheaper way
to clean up water and soil contaminated by heavy metals. "Phytoremediation"-from
the Greek word phyton, for "plant"-is the brainchild of Ilya Raskin, a plant
biologist at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. In 1989, Raskin
worked down the hall from a scientist studying the use of bacteria to break
down contaminants in soil and water, as was done after the Exxon Valdez
oil spill. His colleague complained about the limitations of bacterial cleanup-"There's
nothing they can do with metals," Raskin recalls him saying. ..."

[http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov:8080/c95a1-10.html]
keywords: chernobyl fluoride bacteria cleanup
The International Congress on Hazardous Waste: Impact on Human and Ecological
Health Atlanta Marriott Marquis Hotel Atlanta, Georgia June 5-8, 1995
***
[http://www.nexusmagazine.com/fluoridebomb.html]
Human exposure to fluoride has mushroomed
since World War II, due not only to fluoridated water and toothpaste but
to environmental pollution by major industries, from aluminium to pesticides,
where fluoride is a critical industrial chemical as well as a waste by-product.
"PROGRAM F": SECRET FLUORIDE RESEARCH A
secret memo (2 May 1946) to General Groves from Manhattan Project Lt Colonel
Rhodes states: "Because of complaints that animals and humans have been
injured by hydrogen fluoride fumes in [the New Jersey] area, although
there are no pending suits involving such claims, the University of Rochester
is conducting experiments to determine the toxic effect of fluoride."

[about a 1944 incident]
***
[http://www.sonic.net/kryptox/history/hodge2.htm]
To the majority of U.S. residents, bombarded with television commercials
for fluoride dental products, fluoride means good dental health -- and
that's all. Very few people are aware of its use in pesticides, drugs,
common cleaning agents, and other everyday household products. Even fewer
realize that the deadly nerve gas, Sarin, owes its toxicity to fluorine.
***
[http://www.sonic.net/kryptox/history/hodge2.htm]
Individuals are now ingesting fluoride from a growing number of everyday
sources including water, food, dental health products, medicines, as well
as insecticide, pesticide and fertilizer residues, and even the air they
breathe. ..
***
[http://www.fluoridealert.org/f-pollution.htm]
Phosphate
***
Fluoride:: aluminum smelters, phosphate fertilizer, ceramics, steel, glass
industries. -- insecticide, pesticide and fertilizer residues
***
Al Gore

Bush
hits Gore on environment ALIQUIPPA, Pa.
(AP) 04/03/00- Updated 10:43 PM ET
Bush said developers often ignore polluted industrial sites because they
don't want to deal with government cleanup rules. ''Instead of hassling
with sites that might be the subject of Superfund liability lawsuits, developers
simply move on to pristine sites farther out in the country on the suburban
fringe,'' he told a group of plant construction workers wearing hard hats.
''Brownfields get passed over, while greenfields get paved over, furthering
what's now known as urban sprawl.''

March 21, 1998 - Drugged
Waters by Janet Raloff* Regulators have attempted to cope
with this problem by asking manufacturers to model a new drug's projected
concentration in public water supplies, based on what was known about
company projections for how much of the compound might be sold, the quantities
of lake and stream water into which the excreted drug would be flushed,
and laboratory information on the rate at which it would break down in
the environment. They were also asked to predict its accumulation in wildlife.* In the United States, an environmental
assessment containing such estimates would be submitted to the Food and
Drug Administration as part of the approval process for a new drug. If
such an assessment suggested that worrisome levels of a drug might build
up, a manufacturer would have to prepare a more detailed investigation.
Such an environmental impact statement might even explore possible mitigation measures, explains Daniel C. Kearns
of FDA in Rockville, Md. * So seldom did an environmental
assessment for a new drug suggest a hazard, however, that the FDA decided
last July to reduce a manufacturer's environmental reporting requirements.
The agency concluded that excreted drugs "are probably not having a significant
environmental effect," Kearns says. "So unless modeling data suggest
a drug's concentrations would reach 1 ppb, a manufacturer no longer must
submit an environmental assessment.* "We've never seen a situation
where we believe you would have an actual impact upon the environment
if [drug] concentrations were under that," he told Science News.* Though modeling provided a useful
surrogate for water monitoring when laboratory analyses were too crude to detect low drug concentrations in the environment,
chemists today routinely detect parts per trillion (ppt) of many waterborne
pollutants.* When asked whether FDA requires
any monitoring of water supplies to see whether concentrations in the
real world match the predictions of drug manufacturers' models, Kearns
said no.* If they had, many German chemists
now believe, regulators might have received a rude awakening -- as Thomas A. Ternes did.

Jan 30, 1999Marine
epidemiology comes of age. by Janet Raloff, Science News. Over the
past 15 years, for instance, "there hasbeen a very striking increase in the frequency and extent
of harmful algal blooms,"

03 Apr 1999It's
raining pesticides by Pearch, Fred and Debora Mackenzie - "a new study
reveals that much of the precipitation in Europe contains such high levels
of dissolved pesticides that it would be illegal to supply it as drinking
water." Has Novartis' weedkiller Target and Monsanto's Glyphosate herbicide
round-Up on it.

06/12/00 - When
Water KillsThe dangerous consequences of factory farming are being
felt all across the country BY ANDREW NIKIFORUK

11/08/00Drugs
found in tap water By Kathleen Fackelmann, USA TODAY17 year old Ashley Mulroy finds antibiotics in public supplies.
Ashley Mulroy from Wheeling, W.Va won the Stockholm Junior Water Prize,
an international science competition sponsored by ITT Industries.For information on the Stockholm Junior Water Prize, see
the Web site of the Water Environment Federation:http://www.wef.org/publicinfo/stockholm/index.jhtml

June 7, 2001Teen
achieves research landmarkBy Terry Rice - A 17-year-old student from Halifax, Nova
Scotia created a media fury last week becoming the youngest woman in 90
years to have an article published in the Canadian Medical Association
Journal (CMAJ). Lindsey Edmunds has won a Faculty of Science Entrance
Scholarship and a scholarship from the Canadian Merit Scholarship Foundation,
which will cover the full cost of her undergraduate degree. ".Edmunds was introduced
to probiotics, when her sister Andrea developed a bowel infection after
taking antibiotics which destroyed the beneficial bacteria in her intestinal
tract while destroying the disease-producing bacteria causing her sinus
problem. She began researching probiotics (microbial supplements that
help replenish the body's friendly bacteria) for a science fair project
when she was just 15 in grade 10."

Raining chemicals world
wide.investing in America as a world wide bread basket would still
leave those chemicals in the investing countries.

Those chemicals are traveling world wide and have showed
up in the food chain (in measurable levels) for over ten years.

Manufacturing
chemicals blamed
requiring that they buy
more pollution credits
With pharmesudical
chemicals killing the bacteria
that normally keep major
reactions from happening,
the illnesses get blamed on manufacturing chemicals
that humans are normally
able to shrug
off.

to add insult to injury the manufacturing companies
may be required to pay for
mental insurence that
wasn't needed before.

[http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/
official_report/wa-01/wa0822.htm]Written Answers Wednesday 22 August 2001 Scottish Executive
Agriculture ...Holding answer issued: 10 August 2001 (S1W-16993) Rhona
Brankin: The Scottish Executive recognises the seriousness of the impact
of endocrine disrupters and dioxins on human health. The risk of direct
exposure through air, water and soil is very limited, and the majority of
human exposures to dioxins arise through the consumption of food. Measures
are therefore in place to limit the amount of dioxins reaching the food
chain. Pollution control legislation, including the Environmental Protection
Act 1990 and the Municipal Waste Incinerators Directives, which came into
force in the UK in December 1996 has greatly reduced emissions of dioxins
and other endocrine disrupting chemicals in the UK. The provisions of the
new Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations 2000 will continue
this trend. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) include conditions
within Consents to Discharge under the Control of Pollution Act 1974 that
limit discharges of certain endocrine disrupting compounds into the aquatic
environment.

The endocrine disruptors
that are in pesticides also had the potential of signaling a death toll
to some that are in pharmesudical drugs. At this time pharmesudical drugs
do not require enviromental impacts or pollution credits. Many manufacturing
chemicals can biodegrade with the help of micro-organisms, pharmesudical
drugs can kill those micro-organisms. Hard for detergent to be bio-degradable
when the bio has been killed by pharmesudicals.

Bayer, for example has six sectors of business activity:
agricultural produce, organic products, pharmaceutical products, industrial
products, polymers and information techniques. The same holds for Sanofi
and most of the other major concerns, such as Ciba-Geigy, Hoffman-Laroche,
Hoechst and others.[http://www.antivivisezione.it/the%20pharmacol%20pollution.html]This information is from 'Anti-Vivisection Scientific Committee',
great information until you realized that once animals have that many
rights what is to keep someone from clonning a dog that can stand up-right
and has hands.

Conspiracy? Not
when a company has control of Ritalin and Baby food. Novartis has
Ritalin and also owns Gerber. All of Novartis' incarnations seem to
give money to the Clinton's, as long as the Clinton's and Gore's support
the idea of America having mental problems.

Antibiotics

http://www.kidsgrowth.com/resources/advicedetail.cfm?id=30 upper respiratory infection(Doctors have since learned that colds and most other infections
are caused by viruses, and viruses are not destroyed by antibiotics.)
Therefore, a penicillin shot became the standard treatment for colds, sore
throats, ear infections, and pneumonia.

it is hard to be socialized to others when you
are not socialized to your own body. Constant ear infections can cause learning
delays and frustrations. The late 1950's and 1960's, upon the advent of
synthetic antibiotics

Alarms
rang 50 years ago
[http://www.guardian.co.uk/antibiotics/Story/0,2763,202004,00.html]
Scientists warned 30 years ago that overuse of medicines in animals would
eventually affect humans Links, reports and background: more about antibiotics
in food James Meikle and Paul Brown Tuesday September 7, 1999 The Guardian "Alarm bells started ringing over the widespread
use of antibiotics in agriculture almost as soon as they made their entry
into livestock farming in the US 50 years ago. By 1969 scientists in Britain
were warning of the "real and potential danger" that overuse in animals
would help speed the rate at which bacteria in humans developed resistance
to the medicines""Today nearly all UK broilers are given
these drugs to feed Britain's hunger for cheap meat. In the last week
Britain's biggest producer has recanted on accepted practice and decided
to phase out growth promoters by the end of the year. Most pigs are routinely
fed antibiotics too. Their use has been common in the US since 1949 and
Britain since 1953." "The committee disputed claims by some farmers,
vets and drug industry representatives, that there was still no compelling
evidence of drug resistance in livestock, and asserted "that resistant
bacteria in food animals have arisen as a consequence of the use of antibiotics
in the farm environment and current husbandry practice". That meant, it said, that there should be less use
of all antibiotics, not just growth promoters. Committee members were
particularly worried by the agricultural use of flouroquinolones, synthetic
antibiotics often used in severe cases of human infections such as E.
coli, salmonella and typhoid."

Bayer's
Ag Sales of Anthrax Antibiotic Threaten Public Health November 3,
2001 What If Cipro Stopped Working? By ELLEN K. SILBERGELD and POLLY WALKER The New York Times Cipro, despite its current fame for preventing
and treating anthrax, is in danger of becoming a casualty of what might
be called the post-antibiotic age. Bayer, the maker of Cipro, also sells
a chemically similar drug called Baytril, which is used in large-scale
poultry production worldwide. The widespread use of Baytril in chickens
has already been shown to decrease Cipro's effectiveness in humans for
some types of infections.

[ http://www.njinsider.com/largestemployers04.htm
]US subsidiary of company formed 1997 as a result of merger
of former Sandoz and Ciba-Geigy pharmaceutical firms, both based in Switzerland,
employs about 85,000 people and operates in over 100 countries> Summit
facility, former Ciba-Geigy national headquarters for pharmaceutical division,
became corporate headquarters of US operations, headquarters of Consumer
Health Division, includes Gerber Products Company infant nutrition products,
Novartis OTC (over-the-counter medicines) and Medical Nutrition; other
operations include healthcare sectors, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Geneva
Pharmaceuticals and CIBA Vision; Novartis Agribusiness, growing and enhancing
crops, vegetables and flowers, sustaining animal health, Novartis Seeds
produces high-quality crop, flower and vegetable seeds, Novartis Crop
Protection world leader in herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides; also
makes parasite-control products and medicines for pets and farm animals>
Consumer trademarked brands include Ascriptin, Desenex, Doan's, Ex-Lax,
Gas-X, Habitrol (nicotine transdermal system), Maalox, Tavist-D, Theraflu,
and Triaminic> Former Sandoz facility in East Hanover became headquarters
of Novartis pharmaceutical business with 4,600 employees of 7,000 in US;
announced decision 1999 to consolidate Summit operations in East Hanover
following construction of expanded facilities to be completed 2003> Other
facilities in NJ include distribution center in West Caldwell, advertising
and sales training in Florham Park, and over-the-counter business in Parsippany>
Sandoz US operation established 1919, one of early dyestuff suppliers
to Paterson silk factories.

[ http://www.etenengenen.nl/files/reader.doc
]"Marker-assisted selection is the first choice if we can solve the problem,"
said Wally Beversdorf, head of plant science and agribusiness for Syngenta,
which was formed by the merger of the agricultural businesses of Novartis
and AstraZeneca. While Syngenta is still committed to genetic engineering,
Dr. Beversdorf said, it is applying that technique "where we have to,
where there is no opportunity for marker-assisted breeding."

1998 -http://ThePiedPiper.tripod.com/gm0001.htmThe 69-year-old Hungary-born Pusztai, who had been working
at the RRI for 36 years, was removed from service, his research papers
were seized, and his data confiscated; and he was prohibited from talking
to anyone about his research work. All this for having spoken - "all of
150 seconds," he says - in a programme called World in Action on Granada
TV in August 1998, about his findings on the effects of GM foods that
ran counter to the prevalent scientific dogma that they were safe. He
had also expressed concern that the testing procedures to establish the
safety of GM foods may not be adequate.

[ http://www.thecampaign.org/newsupdates/august.htm
] August 1999 headlines and summariesIn a report sent to several thousand of the world's large
institutional investors, including British pension funds, Deutsche Bank
says that "growing negative sentiment" is creating problems for the leading
companies, including Monsanto and Novartis. "We note that Monsanto has
spent more than $1.5m (#1m) to persuade English consumers of the rectitude
of their position, but alas, to no avail. Monsanto is little match for
Prince Charles, an anti-GMO advocate, when it comes to sensitivity for
the English people's desires," says the report. "More broadly speaking,
it appears the food companies, retailers, grain processors, and governments
are sending a signal to the seed producers that 'we are not ready for
GMOs'." ...The report is a serious embarrassment to the Labour party
because its pension fund has large investments in two leading GM companies,
AstraZeneca and Novartis, both of which are reportedly considering selling
their GM divisions after years of heavy investments but few returns.

Drainage schemes in Iraq are destroying
the vast Mesopotamian marshes. The projects, initiated by the Iraqi
government, have resulted in the diversion of virtually the entire Euphrates
River into the so-called "Third River."
Along with canalization and drainage work on the Tigris River, the projects
prevented water from reaching
two-thirds of the delta marshes in 1993. A study by the University of
Exeter indicated that this is an ecological
catastrophe of a scale not seen in recent times. Conditions are worsened
by the huge Ataturk Dam upstream on
the Euphrates River in Turkey. These factors not only threaten this region’s
freshwater and marine systems, they
are also destroying the way of life of the Madan people, the so-called
"Marsh Arabs." In a deliberate campaign of
genocide, Sadaam Hussein has ordered that the marshes be burned. Large
fires in the marshes are clearly visible
on satellite photos.

-- I have not had time to confirm all of these but they do seem worthwhile
checking --
4/99--------->>
The aquifer under coastal Israel and Gaza has been overpumped... This
over-pumping lowered the water table, allowing the sea water to seep in.
In Gaza they now drink what they call "salt tea". The Gaza aquifer
is
unrecoverable. The taste of salt is not uncommon in many villages
in the
southern part of the [Gaza] Strip... the drinking water, which flows only
a few hours each day, tastes like brine...
<<------------ -------->>
The "sea of Sodom" is also known as the Dead Sea and the Salt Sea.
Because of the extreme concentration of salt, nothing except algae and
microscopic bacteria can live in the actual "sea of Sodom."
<<-------- --------->>
KHARTOUM, March 31, 1999 (Reuters) - Villagers in southern Sudan's largest
town have been prohibited from eating fish from the Nile after the river
was clogged with the carcasses of fish, hippos and crocodiles which died
mysteriously...

"The whole thing started last Friday (March 26) when
the fish started
jumping up and down. Then they started to die."
<<------------ ------------->>
4/16/99, (AP) -- About 500,000 West Coast spiny rock lobsters have
stranded themselves on a South African beach...160 miles north of Cape
Town... The small lobsters, also know as crayfish, were forced to flee
a
"red tide" which occurs when weather conditions cause rapid growth of
a
species of algae that lowers oxygen levels and stains the sea red.
<<---------- From "Earth's sick oceans ominous harbinger," The Toronto
Star, 7/19/98:
----------->>
* The cod are disappearing from the Atlantic;
* The Atlantic salmon are disappearing from Canadian rivers;
* Pacific salmon stocks are collapsing or in danger of collapse;
* The American eel is disappearing from the Great Lakes;
* The Arctic char, a staple of Inuit life, is in trouble.
* At the mouth of the Mississippi river, agricultural runoff has created
a
biological "dead zone" the size of the state of New
Jersey.
* Along the California coast, there has been a 70 per cent decline in
zooplankton, a major link in the food chain.
* As far north as Alaska, the fur seal, sea lions and other populations
of
marine mammal have been decimated.
* Nearly 60 per cent of the coral on the Great Barrier Reef - the great
living wonder that stretches 2,000 kilometres along
Australia's northeast
coast - shows signs of bleaching from warm water and
fresh water flooding.
It is not known if bleached coral will continue to support life.
* Roughly 10 per cent of the world's coral has been destroyed, another
30
per cent threatened. One of every 10 fish is caught
near coral reefs, the
"rain forests of the ocean."
* The sturgeon of the Caspian Sea, source of the world's best caviar,
are
threatened by raw sewage pouring in from the Volga,
the Ural, the Samur,
the Kura and the Terek rivers and by a mad rush to divide
up undersea oil
riches.
* The nearby Aral Sea is now part desert. Short-sighted planners diverted
the rivers that feed it to farming. This has turned
the Aral from the
fourth largest lake on earth to a salt pond a quarter
its former volume.
* Half of the stocks of the Akoya oyster - mainstay of the Japanese pearl
industry - have been lost because of warm water, the
toxic algae bloom
known as "red tide," and a mysterious virus.
* Half of the fish bred in Hong Kong coastal waters - 1,500 tonnes - were
wiped out in a few days in April by the red tide.
<<------------- -------->>
BAGHDAD, Iraq (AP) 4/19/99 -- ...what could be the worst drought in 50
years... Water levels in the Tigris and Euphrates rivers have dropped
so
much this year that people can cross them on foot, according to farmers
and residents in northern Iraq...
<<-------------

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Piper Creations - Purest - not Puritanas a coder -- not as a writer[Purist refers to precise usage or purity in language.]Do not look for that here. My current intrest is in thecoding, and attempting to get concepts across. Thisweb site(of over 400 pages) is devoted to research and development.ThePiedPiper
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