*****Because of this, patients should be started on Heparin & then given warfarin i.e. Lovenox (low molecular weight heparin)

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What is Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia?

This is a potential complication of heparin therapy that leads to a prothromic state, even in the face of thrombocytopenia & heparin. - More common with unfractionated heparin than low molecular weight heparin- Immune system forms antibodies against heparin and Platelet Factor 4 (the receptor for heparin on platelets)/ Heparin complexes, which has three effects: 1) Platelet activation 2) Platelet aggregation 3) Platelet consumption

Thus, a thrombocytopenia (low platelets) develops from platelet consumption & a prothrombic state is developed . Can lead to extensive venous thrombosis, venous limb gangrene, and secondary skin ulcer

How is Hemophilia treated?

Recombinant factor

What are the complications of Hemophilia?

What is DIC?

"Disseminated Intravasulcar Coagulation"

Systemic activation of the coagulation system that leads to widespread fibrin thrombi in the microcirculation - Of note, this widespread thrombosis causes platelet & coagulation protein CONSUMPTION-->bleeding catastrophe

*****This is referred to as a "consumptive coagulopathy"m

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What is a consumptive coagulopathy?

Depletion of platelets & coagulation factors that causes the patient to be at an increased risk of bleeding

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Outline the pathophysiology of DIC.

N/A

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How is DIC diagnosed?

D-dimer

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What is a D-Dimer?

D-dimer is an assay that measures plasmin-cleaved insoluble cross-linked fibrin