Abstract

Most information systems - including current ICT projects - in developing countries fail either totally or partially. This paper develops a model which explains those high rates of failure. The model is based on the notion of design-reality gaps: the match or mismatch between IS designs and local user reality. It helps identify three high risk archetypes that affect IS projects in developing countries: country context gaps, 'hard-soft' gaps and private-public gaps. The model explains the ways in which these gaps can be reduced through local improvisations in developing countries. It therefore provides guidance on generic ways in which the success rates of IS projects in developing countries can be increased.