The latest diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in the management of coronary artery dis‐
ease by coronary artery bypass graft surgery and by percutaneous coronary intervention
with stenting and in the interventional management of other atherosclerotic vascular disease
have led to a reduction in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. This book entitled Artery
Bypass provides an excellent update on these advances which every physician seeing pa‐
tients with atherosclerotic vascular disease should be familiar with.

In addition to local periodontal tissue involvement, chronic infection of the periodontium
together with continuous up-regulation of pro-inflammatory responses and immune
mediators may contribute to systemic sequel including diabetes, preterm delivery of lowweight
birth babies, lung inflammation, arthritis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Since its introduction in the early 1970s, computed tomography (CT) has become a
robust modality to evaluate extracranial, thoracic, and abdominal vascular distributions.
It has become a gold standard to non-invasively image the aorta, pulmonary arteries,
great vessels, renal and peripheral arteries. However, cardiac anatomy evaluation with
this modality was not possible, due to rapid cardiac motion and slow image acquisition
times.

Atherothrombosis describes the occurrence of both
atherosclerosis and thrombosis in an artery, a
common feature of peripheral arterial disease.1
It is estimated that 1 in 16 U.S. residents who were
at least 40 years of age in 2000 (approximately 8.5
million persons) had peripheral arterial disease.

This book aims to provide a brief overview of conventional open vascular surgery, endovascular surgery and pre- and post-operative management of vascular patients. The collections of contributions from outstanding vascular surgeons and scientists from around the world present detailed and precious information about the important topics of the current vascular surgery practice and research. I hope this book will be used worldwide by young vascular surgeons and medical students enhancing their knowledge and stimulating the advancement of this field....

Metabolic Acidosis
Metabolic acidosis can occur because of an increase in endogenous acid production (such as lactate and ketoacids), loss of bicarbonate (as in diarrhea), or accumulation of endogenous acids (as in renal failure). Metabolic acidosis has profound effects on the respiratory, cardiac, and nervous systems. The fall in blood pH is accompanied by a characteristic increase in ventilation, especially the tidal volume (Kussmaul respiration). Intrinsic cardiac contractility may be depressed, but inotropic function can be normal because of catecholamine release.

(BQ) Part 1 book "Surface and living anatomy" presents the following contents: Bony features of the upper limb, joints of the upper limb, muscles of the upper limb, arterial pulses of the upper limb, peripheral nerves of the upper limb, bony features of the lower limb, joints of the lower limb,...

After completing this unit, you should be able to: Define shock, outline factors necessary to achieve adequate tissue oxygenation, describe how the diameter of resistance vessels influences preload, calculate mean arterial pressure when given a blood pressure, outline changes in the microcirculation during the progression of shock,...