Previously, we have talked about how skin cancer can happen at any age, and not just for individuals over the age of 50. In fact, many of you responded with what age you were diagnosed, and quite a few were young adults in their early twenties. However, this post is about understanding children and young teens affected by Melanoma.

Although rare, Pediatric Melanoma is on the rise in recent years. It accounts for 2% of all childhood cancers. Unfortunately, much like adult skin cancers, fair-skinned and light-eyed children are at a higher risk than others of developing PM. Pediatric Melanoma still remains somewhat of an enigma in the medical world, as the exact causes are not entirely known. Some children may be genetically predisposed to genetic mutations that cause PM, however it is extremely difficult to pinpoint the exact reason.

In fact, a recent 2015 study published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology suggests that UV exposure is indeed more of a culprit than previously thought.

So what kind of Pediatric Melanoma is there? According to the Melanoma Research Foundation, there are 3 main types of pediatric Melanoma to look out for:

Conventional Melanoma (CM): Rarely diagnosed before puberty. Similar to Melanoma found in adults, CM includes evidence of UV-induced DNA damage and similar UV-induced mutations (such as the BRAF mutation).

Congenital Melanocytic Nevus (CNM): A CNM is a large, pigmented mole or birthmark that is present at birth. Current research suggests approximately 5-10% of CNM cases develop into melanoma.

Of course while some cases are cleared, there is an increased chance of Melanoma appearing later on in the child’s lifetime. This yields to a life of skin exam checks, sun anxiety, and scarring in excision zones from an early age.

While many strides have been made in the treatment of Pediatric Melanoma, the best chance of living a healthy life lies in strong prevention tactics. In order to prevent Melanoma, and other skin cancers, please remember to protect children and especially babies from direct sunlight.

Be aware of UV exposure every day of the year, and encourage sun-smart behaviour in children. Do not encourage or support teen sunbed usage or tanning, and remain vigilant with sun protection techniques like 30+ SPF sunscreen and UV protective gear.