Part 2. Reading (10 points)

Read Green economy and decide if the following statements 11–20 are true (T), false (F) or not stated in the text (NS). Choose the correct answer.

Green Economy

The green economy is an emerging marketplace and a new growing billiondollar sector. It includes things such as organic produce and products, theconstruction of ‘green buildings’ and alternatively-fuelled vehicles. It also includesrenewable energy sources such as wind and electricity, and so represents an economicmodel in contrast to the more traditional model based on fossil fuels (coal, petroleumand natural gas).

The idea of the green economy is based on the awareness of the independenceof human economic activities and ecosystems and the terrible impact that theseactivities can have on climate change and global warming. The green economy seeksto optimize the synergy between three of values: social, environmental and financial.This is most commonly referred to as the ‘triple bottom line’. Furthermore, this typeof economy is environmentally sustainable and is based on the belief that ourbiosphere is a closed system with finite resources and a limited capacity for selfregulation and self-renewal. We depend on the Earth’s natural resources, andtherefore we must create a different economic system that respects the integrity of theEarth’s ecosystems.

According to reports by the ILO (International Labour Organization) and UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), changing patterns of employment and investment resulting from efforts to reduce climate change and its effects are already generating new ‘green jobs’ in many sectors and economies. Millions more could be created in both developed and developing countries. Unfortunately, at the moment too few green jobs are being created where they are most needed, for the 1.3 billion working poor (43% of the global workplace) in the world. The report focuses on ‘green jobs’ in agriculture, industry, services and administration that contribute to preservation or restoring the quality of the environment. It also calls for measures to ensure that these jobs constitute ‘decent work’. In other words, jobs that do not exploit people for example with long hours and low pay.

T

F

NS

11

Cars that use alternative fuels are part of the green economy.

12

Examples of fossil fuels are coal, petroleum and natural gas.

13

The green economy is only interested in human economic activities.

14

Traditional economy sees natural fossils as endless resources.

15

The green economy recognizes that the Earth’s biosphere has natural resources that will run out.

16

The ILO and UNDP say that efforts to reduce climate change will create green jobs in the future.

17

All the green jobs are in the developing countries.

18

Over 40% of the world’s workplace is poor.

19

Heavy industry may promote green working zones as well.

20

‘Decent work’ means jobs that respect people’s working conditions.

Part 3. Use of English (45 points)

Time: 45 minutes

Task 1. Items 21–35 (15 points)

For questions 21–35, read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Music

Nobody knows for certain what the (0) _______ of music was. Music is certainly older than poetry and painting but as early man had no way of (21) _______ it, we can only (22) _______ what it sounded like. Watching a child (23) _______ on a drum with his hands or a (24) _______ of wood, it is easy to see that this is the simplest of instruments. It does not (25) ____ much effort to produce a rhythm on it.

Wall paintings show what some of the instruments (26) _______ like. Early civilizations had already discovered the three basic (27) _______ of producing music: blowing into a tube, striking an object, and scraping a string. We know that western music comes from the (28) _______ Greeks. The musical scales we use now are (29) _______ on certain sequences of notes which the Greek used to create a particular (30) _______.

Until the sixteenth century, most players of instruments were (31) _______ performers, but as music became more (32) _______, orchestras and musical groups began to (33) _______. This (34) _______ about the writing of music to be played by several musicians at one time. This can certainly be (35) _______ the birth of modern music.

A

B

C

D

0

origin

age

spring

growth

21

recording

playing

producing

performing

22

think

reckon

guess

realise

23

hitting

knocking

crashing

banging

24

slice

point

piece

shape

25

make

call

take

do

26

looked

appeared

felt

sounded

27

forms

manners

systems

ways

28

ancient

old

aged

antique

29

raised

based

established

supported

30

spirit

temper

mood

humour

31

separate

lonely

unique

single

32

widespread

enlarged

expanded

extended

33

turn

appear

spring

be

34

produced

affected

caused

brought

35

appointed

called

decided

named

Task 2. Items 36–45 (10 points)

For the questions 36–45, read the text below. Use the words given in the capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example: 0 punctuality

On Time

For many people, (0) punctuality is a big issue. Parents are often keen to impress upon their children the (36) __________ of being punctual because they see it as an aspect of (37) ________ and consideration for others. It is also a quality that (38) ________ regard as a very positive, and those who are (39) ________ unpunctual may end up being (40) ________ in their careers as a result. It may be, however, that less punctual people have chosen a more (41) ________ lifestyle than those who always arrive on time. They may find it (42) _________ when so much emphasis is placed on timekeeping. Indeed, if others get (43) _________ when they are late for (44) __________, this may not seem (45) _________ to them.

PUNCTUAL IMPORTANT POLITE

EMPLOY USUAL SUCCESS RELAX

STRESS PATIENCE APPOINT REASON

Task 3. Items 46–55 (10 points)

For questions 46–55 complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence/s, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Please mind both grammar and spelling. Here is an example (0).

Example: 0 It was the most relaxing holiday I ever had.

I have never ___________________holiday.

SUCH

0

had such a relaxing

I’ve never met such an interesting person before.

He is the most ___________________________________ met.

EVER

Father made me clean my room.

I __________________________________________ my room.

MADE

It isn’t necessary for Mum to cook tonight.

Mum ________________________________________ tonight.

HAVE

The fact that the job was poorly paid was the reason why she turned it down.

Audioscripts

Task 1

Listen to three short recordings. In each recording 1–3, a waiter is giving instructions to some guests. What restaurant, A–H, is the waiter in? You will hear the recording only ONCE.

You now have 15 seconds to look at task 1.

(пауза 15 секунд)

Now we are ready to start.

One.

Waitress 1:

Hi. How are you? Just before I take you to your table, put on these gloves and snow boots. Children, don’t touch the walls please! OK, follow me. Here’s your table. I’ll bring you some hot soup while you look at the menu.

Two.

Waiter:

Here’s the bill. I hope you enjoyed your meal, sir. And remember – bring your friends with you next time – but, don’t tell your enemies where we are – it’s a secret!

Three.

Waitress 2:

Go over to the butcher’s table. Choose a steak. The butcher will weigh it for you. Take your steak to the barbecue and tell the chef how you’d like your meat. Don’t touch the grill or you’ll burn yourself.

Task 2

You will hear Louise Bright telling some students about her work as a clothes designer. For each question 4–10, choose the correct letter A, B or C.

You now have 30 seconds to look at the questions.

(пауза 30 секунд)

Now we are ready to start. Listen carefully. You will hear the recording twice

Louise:

I’ve worked as a sportswear designer for a big store for four years now, but I haven’t always worked in fashion. When I left school I worked as a secretary for a couple of years, and then became a bank clerk before getting a job in a travel agency. But I always dreamt about working in fashion, and I used to spend a lot of time staring out of the window and drawing clothes!

So, when I was 25, I went to college – the London School of Fashion, and did a four-year course there. You don’t learn how to actually design and make clothes until the second year – the first year is spent looking back at the fashions of the past. In the third year you work in a big store, looking at clothes made by all the famous fashion names.

I enjoyed the last year of the course most, because each student designs seven sets of clothes for the final fashion show. All the students at the school come to the final show, and you can invite other friends as well. But for me, the best thing was that my Mum and Dad could come and see what I’d done. Of course, people who are really well-known in the fashion trade often come too.

I loved the final show. The things I designed were all sports clothes. The shape of these clothes is really quite simple, so it’s sometimes hard to make them look new and interesting. But I particularly like the materials you use because they feel soft when you’ve got them on.

I was very lucky to get work as a fashion designer as soon as I’d finished college. A few students from my course were offered work by really famous fashion designers, but I was offered permanent work by the store I’d worked for as a student, and I’m now designing a special range of clothes for the store. In fact, most of the other students on my course aren’t designing at all – they’re working in advertising for the fashion industry.

I really love my work, but I intend to have my own business in the end – I’d like to design children’s sports clothes, and sell them on the internet. I don’t expect to be fantastically successful, but if I could earn enough to live on, that would be great.

Now you have 15 seconds to answer the questions, then you will hear the recording again.