CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-101 Official Cert Guide, Academic Edition

Why Rent from Knetbooks?

Because Knetbooks knows college students. Our rental program is designed to save you time and money. Whether you need a textbook for a semester, quarter or even a summer session, we have an option for you. Simply select a rental period, enter your information and your book will be on its way!

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-101 Official Cert Guide, Academic Edition is a comprehensive textbook and study package for a beginner-level networking course. This book has been completely revised to align to Cisco's new CCENT 100-101 ICND1 exam. Material is presented in a concise manner, focusing on increasing student's retention and recall of exam topics. The book is printed in four color, allowing students to benefit from carefully crafted figures that utilize color to convey concepts. Students will organize their study through the use of the consistent features in these chapters, including:

• Foundation Topics — These sections make up the majority of the page count, explaining concepts, configurations, with emphasis on the theory and concepts, and with linking the theory to the meaning of the configuration commands. • Key Topics — Inside the Foundation Topics sections, every figure, table, or list that should absolutely be understood and remembered for the exam is noted with the words “Key Topic” in the margin. This tool allows the reader to quickly review the most important details in each chapter. • Chapter-ending Summaries — These bulleted lists provide a quick and concise review of the key topics covered in each chapter.• Chapter-ending Review Questions — Each chapter provides a set of multiple choice questions that help student’s test their knowledge of the chapter concepts, including answers and full explanations.• Chapter-ending Exercises — Each chapter concludes with a series of exercises designed to help students increase their retention of the chapter content including key term reviews, key topic tables, command review exercises, and memory table exercises.• Part Reviews — This new edition includes a new part review feature that helps students consolidate their knowledge of concepts presented across multiple chapters. A new mind mapping exercise helps students build strong mental maps of concepts. A new exam bank of part review questions helps students test themselves with scenario-based questions that span multiple topics.

In addition to these powerful chapter learning, review, and practice features, this book also contains several other features that make it a truly effective and comprehensive study package, including:

• A Getting Started chapter at the beginning of the book offer terrific advice for how to use the book features and build an effective study plan. • The DVD contains over 90 minutes of video mentoring from the author on challenging topics such as CLI navigation, router configuration, switch basics, VLANs, and subnetting.• The book comes complete with the CCENT/CCNA ICND1 Network Simulator Lite software, providing students with the opportunity to practice their hands-on command line interface skills with Cisco routers and switches. The 13 labs included for free with this product cover a range of IP addressing configuration and troubleshooting exercises.• The Pearson IT Certification Practice Test software that comes with the book includes 4 full ICND1 exams and 4 full CCNA exams, providing tons of opportunities to assess and practice. Including the book review questions and part review questions, the exam bank includes more than 600 unique practice questions. • This book also comes with a free version of the Premium Edition eBook, allowing students to access the digital copy in PDF, EPUB, or Kindle format on their computer or mobile device.• A Final Preparation Chapter helps students review for final exams and prepare to take the official Cisco CCNA exams, if they want to achieve that certification.• A Study Plan Template is included on the DVD to help students organize their study time.

Wendell Odom, CCIE No. 1624, has been in the networking industry since 1981. He has worked as a network engineer, consultant, systems engineer, instructor, and course developer; he currently works writing and creating certification tools. He is author of all the previous books in the Cisco Press CCNA Official Certification Guide series, as well as the CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide, the QoS 642-642 Exam Certification Guide, coauthor of the CCIE Routing and Switch Official Certification Guide, and several other titles. He is also a consultant for the CCNA 640-802 Network Simulator from Pearson and for a forthcoming replacement version of that product. He maintains study tools, links to his blogs, and other resources at www.certskills.com.

Introduction xxxi

Getting Started 3

Part I: Networking Fundamentals 12

Chapter 1 The TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models 15

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 15

Foundation Topics 18

Perspectives on Networking 18

TCP/IP Networking Model 19

History Leading to TCP/IP 20

Overview of the TCP/IP Networking Model 21

TCP/IP Application Layer 23

HTTP Overview 23

HTTP Protocol Mechanisms 24

TCP/IP Transport Layer 25

TCP Error Recovery Basics 25

Same-Layer and Adjacent-Layer Interactions 26

TCP/IP Network Layer 26

Internet Protocol and the Postal Service 27

Internet Protocol Addressing Basics 28

IP Routing Basics 29

TCP/IP Link Layer (Data Link Plus Physical) 30

TCP/IP Model and Terminology 32

Comparing the Original and Modern TCP/IP Models 32

Data Encapsulation Terminology 32

Names of TCP/IP Messages 34

OSI Networking Model 34

Comparing OSI and TCP/IP 34

Describing Protocols by Referencing the OSI Layers 35

OSI Layers and Their Functions 36

OSI Layering Concepts and Benefits 37

OSI Encapsulation Terminology 38

Exam Preparation Tasks 40

Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Ethernet LANs 43

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 43

Foundation Topics 46

An Overview of LANs 46

Typical SOHO LANs 46

Typical Enterprise LANs 47

The Variety of Ethernet Physical Layer Standards 48

Consistent Behavior over All Links Using the Ethernet Data Link Layer 49

Building Physical Ethernet Networks with UTP 50

Transmitting Data Using Twisted Pairs 50

Breaking Down a UTP Ethernet Link 51

UTP Cabling Pinouts for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T 53

Straight-Through Cable Pinout 54

Crossover Cable Pinout 55

Choosing the Right Cable Pinouts 56

UTP Cabling Pinouts for 1000BASE-T 57

Sending Data in Ethernet Networks 57

Ethernet Data Link Protocols 58

Ethernet Addressing 59

Identifying Network Layer Protocols with the Ethernet Type Field 60

Error Detection with FCS 61

Sending Ethernet Frames with Switches and Hubs 62

Sending in Modern Ethernet LANs Using Full-Duplex 62

Using Half-Duplex with LAN Hubs 63

Exam Preparation Tasks 65

Chapter 3 Fundamentals of WANs 67

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 67

Foundation Topics 70

Leased Line WANs 70

Positioning Leased Lines with LANs and Routers 70

Physical Details of Leased Lines 71

Leased Line Cabling 72

Building a WAN Link in a Lab 73

Data Link Details of Leased Lines 74

HDLC Basics 74

How Routers Use a WAN Data Link 75

Ethernet as a WAN Technology 77

Ethernet WANs that Create a Layer 2 Service 78

How Routers Route IP Packets Using Ethernet Emulation 79

Accessing the Internet 80

The Internet as a Large WAN 80

Internet Access (WAN) Links 81

Digital Subscriber Line 82

Cable Internet 84

Exam Preparation Tasks 86

Chapter 4 Fundamentals of IPv4 Addressing and Routing 89

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 89

Foundation Topics 92

Overview of Network Layer Functions 92

Network Layer Routing (Forwarding) Logic 92

Host Forwarding Logic: Send the Packet to the Default Router 93

R1 and R2’s Logic: Routing Data Across the Network 94

R3’s Logic: Delivering Data to the End Destination 94

How Network Layer Routing Uses LANs and WANs 94

IP Addressing and How Addressing Helps IP Routing 95

Routing Protocols 97

IPv4 Addressing 97

Rules for IP Addresses 98

Rules for Grouping IP Addresses 98

Class A, B, and C IP Networks 99

The Actual Class A, B, and C IP Networks 101

IP Subnetting 103

IPv4 Routing 105

IPv4 Host Routing 105

Router Forwarding Decisions and the IP Routing Table 106

A Summary of Router Forwarding Logic 106

A Detailed Routing Example 107

IPv4 Routing Protocols 109

Other Network Layer Features 111

Using Names and the Domain Name System 111

The Address Resolution Protocol 112

ICMP Echo and the ping Command 113

Exam Preparation Tasks 115

Chapter 5 Fundamentals of TCP/IP Transport and Applications 117

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 117

Foundation Topics 120

TCP/IP Layer 4 Protocols: TCP and UDP 120

Transmission Control Protocol 121

Multiplexing Using TCP Port Numbers 122

Popular TCP/IP Applications 125

Connection Establishment and Termination 126

User Datagram Protocol 127

TCP/IP Applications 128

QoS Needs and the Impact of TCP/IP Applications 128

Defining Interactive and Batch Applications 129

Real-Time Voice and Video Applications 129

The World Wide Web, HTTP, and SSL 130

Uniform Resource Locators 131

Finding the Web Server Using DNS 131

Transferring Files with HTTP 133

Exam Preparation Tasks 135

Part I Review 136

Part II: Ethernet LANs and Switches 140

Chapter 6 Building Ethernet LANs with Switches 143

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 143

Foundation Topics 146

LAN Switching Concepts 146

Historical Progression: Hubs, Bridges, and Switches 146

Switching Logic 148

The Forward-Versus-Filter Decision 149

How Switches Learn MAC Addresses 150

Flooding Frames 151

Avoiding Loops Using Spanning Tree Protocol 152

Internal Processing on Cisco Switches 153

LAN Switching Summary 154

Design Choices in Ethernet LANs 155

Collision Domains, Broadcast Domains, and VLANs 155

Collision Domains 155

Broadcast Domains 156

The Impact of Collision and Broadcast Domains on LAN Design 157

Virtual LANs (VLAN) 158

Choosing Ethernet Technology for a Campus LAN 159

Campus Design Terminology 160

Ethernet LAN Media and Cable Lengths 161

Autonegotiation 162

Autonegotiation Results When Only One Node Uses Autonegotiation 164

Autonegotiation and LAN Hubs 165

Exam Preparation Tasks 166

Chapter 7 Installing and Operating Cisco LAN Switches 169

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 169

Foundation Topics 172

Accessing the Cisco Catalyst 2960 Switch CLI 172

Cisco Catalyst Switches and the 2960 Switch 172

Switch Status from LEDs 173

Accessing the Cisco IOS CLI 176

Cabling the Console Connection 176

Configuring the Terminal Emulator for the Console 177

Accessing the CLI with Telnet and SSH 179

Password Security for CLI Access 179

User and Enable (Privileged) Modes 180

CLI Help Features 182

The debugand showCommands 184

Configuring Cisco IOS Software 185

Configuration Submodes and Contexts 185

Storing Switch Configuration Files 187

Copying and Erasing Configuration Files 190

Initial Configuration (Setup Mode) 191

IOS Version and Other Reload Facts 192

Exam Preparation Tasks 195

Review All the Key Topics 195

Chapter 8 Configuring Ethernet Switching 199

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 199

Foundation Topics 202

Configuration of Features in Common with Routers 202

Securing the Switch CLI 202

Securing Access with Simple Passwords 203

Securing Access with Local Usernames and Passwords 206

Securing Access with External Authentication Servers 207

Configuring Secure Shell (SSH) 207

Encrypting and Hiding Passwords 210

Encrypting Passwords with the service password Command 210

Hiding the Enable Password 212

Hiding the Passwords for Local Usernames 214

Console and vty Settings 214

Banners 214

History Buffer Commands 216

The logging synchronous and exec-timeout Commands 216

LAN Switch Configuration and Operation 217

Enabling IP for Remote Access 217

Configuring IPv4 on a Switch 219

Verifying IPv4 on a Switch 220

Configuring Switch Interfaces 221

Port Security 223

Configuring Port Security 224

Verifying Port Security 226

Port Security Actions 227

Securing Unused Switch Interfaces 228

Exam Preparation Tasks 229

Chapter 9 Implementing Ethernet Virtual LANs 235

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 235

Foundation Topics 238

Virtual LAN Concepts 238

Creating Multiswitch VLANs Using Trunking 239

VLAN Tagging Concepts 240

The 802.1Q and ISL VLAN Trunking Protocols 241

Forwarding Data Between VLANs 242

Routing Packets Between VLANs with a Router 243

Routing Packets with a Layer 3 Switch 245

VLAN and VLAN Trunking Configuration and Verification 246

Creating VLANs and Assigning Access VLANs to an Interface 246

VLAN Configuration Example 1: Full VLAN Configuration 247

VLAN Configuration Example 2: Shorter VLAN Configuration 250

VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) 251

VLAN Trunking Configuration 252

Controlling Which VLANs Can Be Supported on a Trunk 257

Exam Preparation Tasks 260

Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Ethernet LANs 265

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 265

Foundation Topics 269

Perspectives on Network Verification and Troubleshooting 269

Preparing to Use an Organized Troubleshooting Process 269

Troubleshooting as Covered in This Book 272

Analyzing LAN Topology Using Cisco Discovery Protocol 272

Examining Information Learned by CDP 273

Examining the Status of the CDP Protocols 276

Analyzing Switch Interface Status 277

Interface Status Codes and Reasons for Nonworking States 277

Interface Speed and Duplex Issues 279

Common Layer 1 Problems on Working Interfaces 282

Predicting Where Switches Will Forward Frames 284

Predicting the Contents of the MAC Address Table 284

Analyzing the Forwarding Path 286

Port Security and Filtering 287

Analyzing VLANs and VLAN Trunks 288

Ensuring That the Right Access Interfaces Are in the Right VLANs 288

Access VLANs Not Being Defined 289

Access VLANs Being Disabled 290

Check the Allowed VLAN List on Both Ends of a Trunk 291

Mismatched Trunking Operational States 292

Exam Preparation Tasks 294

Part II Review 298

Part III: IP Version 4 Addressing and Subnetting 302

Chapter 11 Perspectives on IPv4 Subnetting 305

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 305

Foundation Topics 308

Introduction to Subnetting 308

Subnetting Defined Through a Simple Example 308

Operational View Versus Design View of Subnetting 309

Analyze Subnetting and Addressing Needs 310

Rules About Which Hosts Are in Which Subnet 310

Determining the Number of Subnets 311

Determining the Number of Hosts per Subnet 313

One Size Subnet Fits All–Or Not 314

Defining the Size of a Subnet 314

One Size Subnet Fits All 315

Multiple Subnet Sizes (Variable-Length Subnet Masks) 316

This Book: One Size Subnet Fits All (Mostly) 316

Make Design Choices 317

Choose a Classful Network 317

Public IP Networks 317

Growth Exhausts the Public IP Address Space 318

Private IP Networks 319

Choosing an IP Network During the Design Phase 320

Choose the Mask 320

Classful IP Networks Before Subnetting 321

Borrowing Host Bits to Create Subnet Bits 321

Choosing Enough Subnet and Host Bits 322

Example Design: 172.16.0.0, 200 Subnets, 200 Hosts 323

Masks and Mask Formats 324

Build a List of All Subnets 325

Plan the Implementation 326

Assigning Subnets to Different Locations 327

Choose Static and Dynamic Ranges per Subnet 328

Exam Preparation Tasks 329

Chapter 12 Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks 331

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 331

Foundation Topics 334

Classful Network Concepts 334

IPv4 Network Classes and Related Facts 334

Actual Class A, B, and C Networks 335

Address Formats 336

Default Masks 337

Number of Hosts per Network 337

Deriving the Network ID and Related Numbers 338

Unusual Network IDs and Network Broadcast Addresses 340

Practice with Classful Networks 341

Practice Deriving Key Facts Based on an IP Address 341

Practice Remembering the Details of Address Classes 342

Additional Practice 343

Exam Preparation Tasks 344

Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 345

Chapter 13 Analyzing Subnet Masks 349

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 349

Foundation Topics 352

Subnet Mask Conversion 352

Three Mask Formats 352

Converting Between Binary and Prefix Masks 353

Converting Between Binary and DDN Masks 354

Converting Between Prefix and DDN Masks 356

Practice Converting Subnet Masks 357

Identifying Subnet Design Choices Using Masks 358

Masks Divide the Subnet’s Addresses into Two Parts 359

Masks and Class Divide Addresses into Three Parts 360

Classless and Classful Addressing 361

Calculations Based on the IPv4 Address Format 361

Practice Analyzing Subnet Masks 363

Exam Preparation Tasks 365

Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 366

Chapter 14 Analyzing Existing Subnets 369

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 369

Foundation Topics 372

Defining a Subnet 372

An Example with Network 172.16.0.0 and Four Subnets 372

Subnet ID Concepts 374

Subnet Broadcast Address 375

Range of Usable Addresses 375

Analyzing Existing Subnets: Binary 376

Finding the Subnet ID: Binary 376

Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Binary 378

Binary Practice Problems 379

Shortcut for the Binary Process 380

Brief Note About Boolean Math 382

Finding the Range of Addresses 382

Analyzing Existing Subnets: Decimal 382

Analysis with Easy Masks 383

Predictability in the Interesting Octet 384

Finding the Subnet ID: Difficult Masks 385

Resident Subnet Example 1 386

Resident Subnet Example 2 387

Resident Subnet Practice Problems 387

Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Difficult Masks 388

Subnet Broadcast Example 1 388

Subnet Broadcast Example 2 389

Subnet Broadcast Address Practice Problems 390

Practice Analyzing Existing Subnets 390

A Choice: Memorize or Calculate 390

Additional Practice 391

Exam Preparation Tasks 392

Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 393

Part III Review 396

Part IV: Implementing IP Version 4 400

Chapter 15 Operating Cisco Routers 403

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 403

Foundation Topics 406

Installing Cisco Routers 406

Installing Enterprise Routers 406

Cisco Integrated Services Routers 408

Physical Installation 409

Installing Internet Access Routers 409

A SOHO Installation with a Separate Switch, Router, and Cable Modem 409

A SOHO Installation with an Integrated Switch, Router, and DSL Modem 411