In this age of globalization, the eighteenth-century priest and abolitionist Henri Grégoire has often been called a man ahead of his time. An icon of anti-racism, a hero to people from Ho Chi Minh to ...
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In this age of globalization, the eighteenth-century priest and abolitionist Henri Grégoire has often been called a man ahead of his time. An icon of anti-racism, a hero to people from Ho Chi Minh to French Jews, Grégoire has been particularly celebrated since 1989, when the French government placed him in the Pantheon as a model of ideals of universalism and human rights. In this biography, based on newly discovered and previously overlooked material, we gain access to the full complexity of Grégoire's intellectual and political universe as well as the compelling nature of his persona. His life offers an extraordinary vantage from which to view large issues in European and world history in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and provides provocative insights into many of the prevailing tensions, ideals, and paradoxes of the twenty-first century. Focusing on Grégoire's idea of “regeneration,” that people could literally be made anew, the book argues that revolutionary universalism was more complicated than it appeared. Tracing the French Revolution's long-term legacy, it suggests that while it spread concepts of equality and liberation throughout the world, its ideals also helped to justify colonialism and conquest.Less

The Abbe Gregoire and the French Revolution : The Making of Modern Universalism

Alyssa Goldstein Sepinwall

Published in print: 2005-03-28

In this age of globalization, the eighteenth-century priest and abolitionist Henri Grégoire has often been called a man ahead of his time. An icon of anti-racism, a hero to people from Ho Chi Minh to French Jews, Grégoire has been particularly celebrated since 1989, when the French government placed him in the Pantheon as a model of ideals of universalism and human rights. In this biography, based on newly discovered and previously overlooked material, we gain access to the full complexity of Grégoire's intellectual and political universe as well as the compelling nature of his persona. His life offers an extraordinary vantage from which to view large issues in European and world history in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and provides provocative insights into many of the prevailing tensions, ideals, and paradoxes of the twenty-first century. Focusing on Grégoire's idea of “regeneration,” that people could literally be made anew, the book argues that revolutionary universalism was more complicated than it appeared. Tracing the French Revolution's long-term legacy, it suggests that while it spread concepts of equality and liberation throughout the world, its ideals also helped to justify colonialism and conquest.

In her own day, Ana Pauker was named “The Most Powerful Woman in the World” by Time magazine. Today, when she is remembered at all, she is thought of as the puppet of Soviet communism in Romania, ...
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In her own day, Ana Pauker was named “The Most Powerful Woman in the World” by Time magazine. Today, when she is remembered at all, she is thought of as the puppet of Soviet communism in Romania, blindly enforcing the most brutal and repressive Stalinist regime. This biography changes the picture dramatically, revealing a woman of remarkable strength, dominated by conflict and contradiction far more than by dogmatism. Telling the story of Pauker's youth in an increasingly anti-Semitic environment, her commitment to a revolutionary career, and her rise in the Romanian Communist movement, this book makes no attempt to whitewash Pauker's life and actions, but rather explores every contour of the complicated persona found expressed in masses of newly accessible archival documents.Less

Ana Pauker : The Rise and Fall of a Jewish Communist

Robert Levy

Published in print: 2001-03-22

In her own day, Ana Pauker was named “The Most Powerful Woman in the World” by Time magazine. Today, when she is remembered at all, she is thought of as the puppet of Soviet communism in Romania, blindly enforcing the most brutal and repressive Stalinist regime. This biography changes the picture dramatically, revealing a woman of remarkable strength, dominated by conflict and contradiction far more than by dogmatism. Telling the story of Pauker's youth in an increasingly anti-Semitic environment, her commitment to a revolutionary career, and her rise in the Romanian Communist movement, this book makes no attempt to whitewash Pauker's life and actions, but rather explores every contour of the complicated persona found expressed in masses of newly accessible archival documents.

Many think of Muslims in Europe as a twentieth-century phenomenon, but this book brings to life a lost community of Arabs who lived through war, revolution, and empire in early nineteenth-century ...
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Many think of Muslims in Europe as a twentieth-century phenomenon, but this book brings to life a lost community of Arabs who lived through war, revolution, and empire in early nineteenth-century France. The book uncovers the surprising story of the several hundred men, women, and children—Egyptians, Syrians, Greeks, and others—who followed the French army back home after Napoleon's occupation of Egypt. Based on research in neglected archives, on the rediscovery of forgotten Franco-Arab authors, and on a diverse collection of visual materials, the book builds a rich picture of the first Arab France—its birth, rise, and sudden decline in the age of colonial expansion. As it excavates a community that was nearly erased from the historical record, the book offers a new account of France itself in this pivotal period, one that transcends the binary framework through which we too often view history by revealing the deep roots of exchange between Europe and the Muslim world, and showing how Arab France was in fact integral to the dawn of modernity.Less

Arab France : Islam and the Making of Modern Europe, 1798-1831

Ian Coller

Published in print: 2010-11-16

Many think of Muslims in Europe as a twentieth-century phenomenon, but this book brings to life a lost community of Arabs who lived through war, revolution, and empire in early nineteenth-century France. The book uncovers the surprising story of the several hundred men, women, and children—Egyptians, Syrians, Greeks, and others—who followed the French army back home after Napoleon's occupation of Egypt. Based on research in neglected archives, on the rediscovery of forgotten Franco-Arab authors, and on a diverse collection of visual materials, the book builds a rich picture of the first Arab France—its birth, rise, and sudden decline in the age of colonial expansion. As it excavates a community that was nearly erased from the historical record, the book offers a new account of France itself in this pivotal period, one that transcends the binary framework through which we too often view history by revealing the deep roots of exchange between Europe and the Muslim world, and showing how Arab France was in fact integral to the dawn of modernity.

Looking at a neglected period in the social history of modernization, this book investigates the centuries that followed the year 1000, when a new kind of society emerged in Europe. New commercial ...
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Looking at a neglected period in the social history of modernization, this book investigates the centuries that followed the year 1000, when a new kind of society emerged in Europe. New commercial routines, new forms of agriculture, new methods of information technology, and increased population densities all played a role in the prolonged transition away from antiquity and toward modernity. The book highlights both “top-down” and “bottom-up” changes that characterized the social experience of early modernization. In the former category are the Gregorian Reformation, the imposition of feudalism, and the development of centralizing state formations. Of equal importance to this book's portrait of the emerging social order are the bottom-up demographic relations that structured everyday life, because the making of the modern world, in the book's view, also began in the decisions made by countless men and women regarding their families and circumstances. The book ends its story with the cataclysm unleashed by the Black Death in 1348, which brought three centuries of growth to a grim end.Less

At the Dawn of Modernity : Biology, Culture, and Material Life in Europe after the Year 1000

David Levine

Published in print: 2001-02-19

Looking at a neglected period in the social history of modernization, this book investigates the centuries that followed the year 1000, when a new kind of society emerged in Europe. New commercial routines, new forms of agriculture, new methods of information technology, and increased population densities all played a role in the prolonged transition away from antiquity and toward modernity. The book highlights both “top-down” and “bottom-up” changes that characterized the social experience of early modernization. In the former category are the Gregorian Reformation, the imposition of feudalism, and the development of centralizing state formations. Of equal importance to this book's portrait of the emerging social order are the bottom-up demographic relations that structured everyday life, because the making of the modern world, in the book's view, also began in the decisions made by countless men and women regarding their families and circumstances. The book ends its story with the cataclysm unleashed by the Black Death in 1348, which brought three centuries of growth to a grim end.

This book ties the German discourse on nervousness in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to Berlin's transformation into a capital of the second industrial revolution. Focusing on ...
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This book ties the German discourse on nervousness in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to Berlin's transformation into a capital of the second industrial revolution. Focusing on three key groups—railway personnel, soldiers, and telephone operators—the book traces the emergence in the 1880s and then later decline of the belief that modernity caused nervous illness. During this period Berlin became arguably the most advanced metropolis in Europe. A host of changes, many associated with breakthroughs in technologies of transportation, communication, and leisure, combined to alter radically the shape and tempo of everyday life in Berlin. The resulting consciousness of accelerated social change and the shocks and afflictions that accompanied it found their consummate expression in the discourse about nervousness. This book offers a wealth of new insights into the nature of the modern metropolis, the psychological aftermath of World War I, and the operations of the German welfare state. The book also explores cultural attitudes toward electricity, the evolution of psychiatric thought and practice, and the status of women workers in Germany's rapidly industrializing economy. Ultimately, it argues that the backlash against the welfare state that occurred during the late Weimar Republic brought about the final decoupling of modernity and nervous illness.Less

Berlin Electropolis : Shock, Nerves, and German Modernity

Andreas Killen

Published in print: 2006-01-16

This book ties the German discourse on nervousness in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to Berlin's transformation into a capital of the second industrial revolution. Focusing on three key groups—railway personnel, soldiers, and telephone operators—the book traces the emergence in the 1880s and then later decline of the belief that modernity caused nervous illness. During this period Berlin became arguably the most advanced metropolis in Europe. A host of changes, many associated with breakthroughs in technologies of transportation, communication, and leisure, combined to alter radically the shape and tempo of everyday life in Berlin. The resulting consciousness of accelerated social change and the shocks and afflictions that accompanied it found their consummate expression in the discourse about nervousness. This book offers a wealth of new insights into the nature of the modern metropolis, the psychological aftermath of World War I, and the operations of the German welfare state. The book also explores cultural attitudes toward electricity, the evolution of psychiatric thought and practice, and the status of women workers in Germany's rapidly industrializing economy. Ultimately, it argues that the backlash against the welfare state that occurred during the late Weimar Republic brought about the final decoupling of modernity and nervous illness.

One hundred years after the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute was established, this book recovers the cultural and intellectual history connected to this vibrant organization and places it alongside ...
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One hundred years after the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute was established, this book recovers the cultural and intellectual history connected to this vibrant organization and places it alongside the London Bloomsbury group, the Paris Surrealist circle, and the Viennese fin-de-siècle as a crucial chapter in the history of modernism. Taking us from World War I Berlin to the Third Reich and beyond to 1940s Palestine and 1950s New York — and to the influential work of the Frankfurt School — the book traces the network of artists and psychoanalysts that began in Germany and continued in exile. Connecting movements, forms, and themes such as Dada, multi-perspectivity, and the urban experience with the theory and practice of psychoanalysis, it illuminates themes distinctive to the Berlin psychoanalytic context such as war trauma, masculinity and femininity, race and anti-Semitism, and the cultural avant-garde. In particular, it explores the lives and works of Alfred Döblin, Max Eitingon, Georg Groddeck, Karen Horney, Richard Huelsenbeck, Count Hermann von Keyserling, Ernst Simmel, and Arnold Zweig.Less

Veronika Fuechtner

Published in print: 2011-01-09

One hundred years after the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute was established, this book recovers the cultural and intellectual history connected to this vibrant organization and places it alongside the London Bloomsbury group, the Paris Surrealist circle, and the Viennese fin-de-siècle as a crucial chapter in the history of modernism. Taking us from World War I Berlin to the Third Reich and beyond to 1940s Palestine and 1950s New York — and to the influential work of the Frankfurt School — the book traces the network of artists and psychoanalysts that began in Germany and continued in exile. Connecting movements, forms, and themes such as Dada, multi-perspectivity, and the urban experience with the theory and practice of psychoanalysis, it illuminates themes distinctive to the Berlin psychoanalytic context such as war trauma, masculinity and femininity, race and anti-Semitism, and the cultural avant-garde. In particular, it explores the lives and works of Alfred Döblin, Max Eitingon, Georg Groddeck, Karen Horney, Richard Huelsenbeck, Count Hermann von Keyserling, Ernst Simmel, and Arnold Zweig.

A surprising number of Jews lived, literally and figuratively, “beyond the Pale” of Jewish Settlement in tsarist Russia during the half-century before the Revolution of 1917. Thanks to the ...
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A surprising number of Jews lived, literally and figuratively, “beyond the Pale” of Jewish Settlement in tsarist Russia during the half-century before the Revolution of 1917. Thanks to the availability of long-closed Russian archives, along with a wide range of other sources, this book reinterprets the history of the Russian-Jewish encounter. In the wake of Russia's “Great Reforms”, it states, a policy of selective integration stimulated social and geographic mobility among the empire's Jews. The reaction that culminated, toward the turn of the century, in ethnic restrictions on admission to universities, the professions, and other institutions of civil society reflected broad anxieties that Russians were being placed at a disadvantage in their own empire.Less

Beyond the Pale : The Jewish Encounter with Late Imperial Russia

Benjamin Nathans

Published in print: 2002-08-29

A surprising number of Jews lived, literally and figuratively, “beyond the Pale” of Jewish Settlement in tsarist Russia during the half-century before the Revolution of 1917. Thanks to the availability of long-closed Russian archives, along with a wide range of other sources, this book reinterprets the history of the Russian-Jewish encounter. In the wake of Russia's “Great Reforms”, it states, a policy of selective integration stimulated social and geographic mobility among the empire's Jews. The reaction that culminated, toward the turn of the century, in ethnic restrictions on admission to universities, the professions, and other institutions of civil society reflected broad anxieties that Russians were being placed at a disadvantage in their own empire.

This book presents an interpretation of attitudes and mentalities that informed the Weimar Republic by a scholar well known for his profound knowledge of this period. The book tells of “cool conduct” ...
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This book presents an interpretation of attitudes and mentalities that informed the Weimar Republic by a scholar well known for his profound knowledge of this period. The book tells of “cool conduct” as a cultivated antidote to the heated atmosphere of post-World War I Germany, as a way of burying shame and animosity that might otherwise make social contact impossible.Less

Cool Conduct : The Culture of Distance in Weimar Germany

Helmut Lethen

Published in print: 2002-03-27

This book presents an interpretation of attitudes and mentalities that informed the Weimar Republic by a scholar well known for his profound knowledge of this period. The book tells of “cool conduct” as a cultivated antidote to the heated atmosphere of post-World War I Germany, as a way of burying shame and animosity that might otherwise make social contact impossible.

This book investigates a rarely considered yet critical dimension of anti-Semitism that was instrumental in the conception and perpetration of the Holocaust: the association of Jews with criminality. ...
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This book investigates a rarely considered yet critical dimension of anti-Semitism that was instrumental in the conception and perpetration of the Holocaust: the association of Jews with criminality. Drawing from a rich body of documentary evidence, including memoirs and little-studied photographs, the author traces the myths and realities pertinent to the discourse on “Jewish criminality” from the eighteenth century through the Weimar Republic, into the complex Nazi assault on the Jews, and extending into postwar Europe.Less

The Crime of My Very Existence : Nazism and the Myth of Jewish Criminality

Michael Berkowitz

Published in print: 2007-03-09

This book investigates a rarely considered yet critical dimension of anti-Semitism that was instrumental in the conception and perpetration of the Holocaust: the association of Jews with criminality. Drawing from a rich body of documentary evidence, including memoirs and little-studied photographs, the author traces the myths and realities pertinent to the discourse on “Jewish criminality” from the eighteenth century through the Weimar Republic, into the complex Nazi assault on the Jews, and extending into postwar Europe.

The Palestinian national movement gestated in the early decades of the twentieth century, but it was born in the Great Revolt of 1936–39, a period of sustained Arab protest against British policy in ...
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The Palestinian national movement gestated in the early decades of the twentieth century, but it was born in the Great Revolt of 1936–39, a period of sustained Arab protest against British policy in Palestine. In this book, Matthew Kraig Kelly makes the novel case that the key to understanding the rebellion lies in the "crimino-national" domain—a hitherto neglected area of overlap between criminological and nationalist discourses, and the primary terrain upon which the war of 1936–39 was fought. As Kelly elaborates, apart from national autonomy, the Palestinian rebels’ primary objective was to repudiate the British framing of their national movement as a criminal enterprise. The rebels therefore appropriated the institutions and even the aesthetics that betokened London’s legal title to Palestine, donning rank-specific uniforms and erecting their own postal, prison, and justice systems. In thus establishing the rudiments of a state, Palestinians shifted the criminal mantle onto their opponents: the British and the Zionists. Crime, in this sense, was the central preoccupation of the Palestinian national project, as it likely was of other such projects on the fringe of empire. Kelly's analysis amounts to a new history of the rebellion, and it offers important lessons for studies of interwar nationalism and insurgency more broadly.Less

Crime of Nationalism : Britain, Palestine, and Nation-Building on the Fringe of Empire

Matthew Kraig Kelly

Published in print: 2017-10-03

The Palestinian national movement gestated in the early decades of the twentieth century, but it was born in the Great Revolt of 1936–39, a period of sustained Arab protest against British policy in Palestine. In this book, Matthew Kraig Kelly makes the novel case that the key to understanding the rebellion lies in the "crimino-national" domain—a hitherto neglected area of overlap between criminological and nationalist discourses, and the primary terrain upon which the war of 1936–39 was fought. As Kelly elaborates, apart from national autonomy, the Palestinian rebels’ primary objective was to repudiate the British framing of their national movement as a criminal enterprise. The rebels therefore appropriated the institutions and even the aesthetics that betokened London’s legal title to Palestine, donning rank-specific uniforms and erecting their own postal, prison, and justice systems. In thus establishing the rudiments of a state, Palestinians shifted the criminal mantle onto their opponents: the British and the Zionists. Crime, in this sense, was the central preoccupation of the Palestinian national project, as it likely was of other such projects on the fringe of empire. Kelly's analysis amounts to a new history of the rebellion, and it offers important lessons for studies of interwar nationalism and insurgency more broadly.

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