Pallet assembly equipment offered by suppliers to the pallet industry varies widely but offers many benefits to pallet manufacturing companies, both large and small.

Suppliers of nailing equipment have steadily improved their products. Some pallet assembly systems now can use either new or recycled lumber, for example. Highly automated machines offer high-speed production and other benefits. Modern nailing equipment allows greater consistency and better quality in pallet assembly.

Whatever the degree of complexity, however, from semi-automated nailing systems to high-production machines, pallet manufacturers and recyclers can realize increased production, lower labor costs, reduced worker fatigue and stress and other benefits compared to old-fashioned methods of assembling pallets by hand.

Pallet assembly systems, whether high-tech or simple, are designed for pallets of different sizes. Suppliers may offer services to customize equipment to allow assembly of unusually large pallets. In addition, some systems are designed primarily for either stringer pallets or block pallets while others allow nailing of both kinds.

Pallet assembly equipment can be categorized generally as those that utilize bulk pallet nails and those that utilize collated fasteners. A third type utilizes bulk wire to make fasteners ‘on the fly.’

Based on standards for nail performance developed by the Virginia Tech pallet and container research laboratory and approved by the National Wooden Pallet and Container Association, bulk nails are more resistant to pallet joint separation. The bulk nail has a larger head, is slightly longer, and — unlike collated nails — has continuous, deeper spirals. In addition, pneumatically powered nailing tools cannot consistently countersink nails. Their high nail insertion speeds also destroy wood fiber around the nail, which impairs holding power. Hydraulically powered nailing systems completely countersink nails and push them into the wood in a way that promotes the effect of screwing the nail into the wood, which minimizes damage to wood fiber and increases holding power. And the cost of bulk nails is significantly less than collated fasteners.

Pallet nailing systems that use bulk nails generally -- but not universally -- are heavy-duty machines offer varying levels of sophistication and automation. Nails are driven by hydraulics, and a system may have one or two nailing stations. Those with two are referred to as tandem nailing machines. Tandem nailers fasten the lumber for one side of the pallet, and the pallet is advanced and turned over before entering the second nailing station, where the other side is completed.

Depending on the level of sophistication, a machine may have features to automatically feed pallet parts, advance the pallet in or out of the nailing station, turn the pallet over to complete the other side, and stack finished pallets. Some machinery suppliers offer systems that are so automated that they also cut pallet parts and feed the components directly into the nailing line. Standard or optional equipment may include in-line systems to chamfer deck boards, trim corners, and brand the finished pallet.

Computerized systems or programmable logic controls may guide many automated functions. Many modern systems, for example, have a ‘memory’ that can store numerous pallet sizes and designs that ‘tell’ the machines where nails are to be driven.

Pallet assembly systems that utilize bulk nails may be further categorized into one of two types: beam-type pallet nailing systems or stitch-type nailing machines. In beam-type nailers, the pallet is oriented so that the stringer is presented parallel to the line of nail chucks. The machine drives at one time all the nails required to fasten all the deck boards to the stringer, and the pallet advances to the next stringer. In stitch-type nailing systems, the pallet is oriented so that the deck boards are parallel to the line of nail chucks. The machine drives the nails required for a single deck board — driving one nail at a time per stringer — and advancing the pallet one deck board or one nailing location at a time.

Systems utilizing bulk nails, both beam nailers and stitch nailers, are available with a number of different features and options and varying levels of automation that make them suitable for both high-production pallet manufacturers and mid-size or smaller pallet companies. Some nailing systems are designed in modular fashion so that they can be modified or expanded later as a company grows. Some suppliers also provide services to customize equipment for particular applications.

Assembly systems utilizing bulk wire offer additional savings on fastener costs. They are designed for high-speed, high-volume production of pallets, skids, crates, containers, tops, bases, and other products. Like other assembly systems, they have varying capacities, options and features.

Nailing systems utilizing collated fasteners generally are of more light-weight construction and offer less sophistication, but they may be more economical in terms of capital investment. Fasteners are driven with pneumatic nailing tools, and the systems may have one nailing station or two. These nailing systems also may offer varying levels of automation, such as flipping the pallet and stacking.

A number of suppliers also offer semi-automated nailing systems. These are essentially work stations with jigs for assembling pallets of new or used lumber, and they may have a number of features to make manual pallet assembly faster and easier.

The nailing stations usually are designed on an incline to make it easier for the worker to place lumber into the jig and nail them together; the incline makes the work area more accessible. The power nailing tool may be suspended overhead on a balancer, a retractable cord that makes it easier to get and use. The worker may be required to manually turn the pallet over to finish the assembly job; some work stations are mounted on swivels so that the pallet can be readily turned over. The nailing station also may be coupled with a stacker on the back end.

Semi-automated nailing stations, which obviously are priced much lower than high-production nailing machines, nevertheless provide numerous benefits. They can be changed over quickly to different pallet sizes, help achieve uniformity in pallet dimensions, increase production and reduce worker fatigue and stress.

Whatever your level of production and whatever your requirements might be, the pallet industry is served by a number of suppliers who offer assembly equipment. In addition, in recent years the industry has seen some of the leading machinery makers enter markets for smaller, low-cost equipment and systems, while suppliers of more economical systems have begun to offer more sophisticated equipment.

Bronco Offers Automated, Semi-Automated Systems

Bronco Pallet Systems offers automated and semi-automated equipment and systems for pallet recycling and new pallet assembly. The company offers custom design and manufacturing services.

The company’s Mustang 4000 automatic pallet nailing system, which uses collated fasteners, features a powered nailing gantry that moves from side to side. The gantry nails the pallet bottom on its first pass, hesitates while the operator turns the pallet and positions the top boards, and then nails the top as it returns to the original home position.

The power nailing tools are always firing when the gantry is in motion. The machine holds coils of 3,000 collated nails, which means less time is spent reloading nails.

The Mustang 4000 is adjustable for different size pallets and skids, including wing pallets and pallets made of three or four stringers. Finished pallets are stacked automatically when the operator activates a foot-controlled switch. A Rollout Modification and Accumulator Table reduces demand on the forklift operator and causes less interruptions to the operator of the pallet assembly machine. The Mustang requires only 110 volts ac and 120 psi air.

The Bronco model 2001 and model 2003 nailing systems can be used by one worker to assemble stringer or block pallets ranging from 32x32 to 52x52. The angled work table makes it easier for the worker to place pallet parts and nail them together. The power nailing tool is suspended on a retractable cord from an overhead rail; the feature keeps it within easy reach, eliminating the need to pick up and set down the nailing tool.

The Bronco model 2001 and model 2003 nailing systems may be used with either new or used pallet parts. They can be changed over quickly to a different pallet size. Finished pallets are stacked automatically with the aid of a foot-operated switch. Both models use 110 volt ac and 90-120 psi of air; they require minimal operating space.

The Bronco Model 2003 nailing system also is equipped with the above-mentioned power roll-out and accumulator. It also comes with optional powered board spacers that snap in place with a switch.

Bronco offers similar nailing systems for custom, over-size pallets. They can be designed and built to assemble pallets specified by a customer. They are similarly equipped but come with automatic posi-track stacking

Bronco also offers a system for assembling corrugated pallets. It features an air-powered gate, 360-degree rotating table, and an automatic stacker. The system can be used to assemble two pallets at once and easily adapted for various pallet sizes.

Bronco nailing systems are backed by a five year warranty.

For more information, contact Bronco Pallet Systems at (800) 458-5462, fax (979) 244-1935, e-mail Bronco@broncosys.com, or visit the Web site at www.broncosys.com.

Fastec Expanding into Pallet Recycling

Fastening Technologies Company, which trades as Fastec, continues to expand its presence and role in the pallet and container industry.

Fastec’s line of equipment can be used in the assembly of pallets, skids, crates, containers, tops and bases, and other value-added wood products. Unlike pallet nailing machines, the Fastec line of equipment manufactures fasteners ‘on the fly’ from bulk wire; this capability can save companies 20% or more on their fastener costs, according to Fastec.

Fastec equipment is designed and built for high-speed, high-volume production; for example, it can produce 600 to 800 pallet mats or tops in one hour.

Fastec recently expanded into the pallet recycling area. It is introducing a new line of low-cost, manually-operated and semi-automated equipment that will assemble or repair pallets made of new or recycled lumber. The Fastec Manual Pallet Assembly System consists of a metal table work station with jig. It is adjacent to a Fastec Pallet Stacker, allowing a worker to slide the finished pallet directly into the stacker. The Fastec Manual Pallet Assembly System with Fastec Pallet Stacker can be used to assemble or repair pallets made of new or recycled lumber.

Add a Fastec Panel Ease-L for a system for block pallet assembly. The Fastec Ease-L is an A-frame type jig that allows for easy nailing of tops for block pallets. It also can be used to assemble panels for crates, tops, bases, and other value-added wood products.

The line of Fastec equipment can be changed over quickly to accommodate short runs and custom designs. The equipment can be easily integrated into repair lines and is priced economically to fit every budget.

Fastec also named Clarence Leising to its staff as a consultant and recycling specialist; he will play an integral role in the company’s entry into the pallet recycling machinery market. Clarence previously was employed by Bronco Pallet Systems and has been a regular speaker at NWPCA and CWPCA seminars and a contributing author to Pallet Enterprise.

Late last year the company tapped another pallet industry and fastening equipment veteran when it tapped Bob Dickinson as director of operations to oversee manufacturing, material management and customer service. Bob has 17 years of experience serving the pallet industry and previously held various positions in sales, customer service and materials and project management for Viking Engineering & Development.

Fastec was formed last year as a joint venture of Leggett & Platt Inc. and Stapling Machines Co. to design, manufacture and market equipment for the wood fastening industry. Leggett & Platt is a Fortune 500 manufacturer of various engineered products while Stapling Machine Co. is a leading manufacturer of equipment to produce wirebound boxes.

For more information on Fastec or its equipment, contact the company at (800) 432-5909, fax (973) 627-5355, or visit the Web site at www.fasteningtechnologies.com.

GBN a Leader in Bulk Nail Pallet Assembly

GBN Machine & Engineering Corp. is a leader in bulk nail pallet assembly systems, both stringer and block. No matter what your production level -- 300 or 3,000 pallets per shift -- GBN has a system to meet your requirements. The GBN team is large enough to serve you well and small enough to want to, and GBN systems have a strong track record for production, ease of maintenance, service, range of versatility and return on investment.

GBN offers a number of different beam-type nailing machines. The company manufactures nailing machines in simple push-pull configurations for smaller users or custom pallets. It also makes a variety of larger, semi-automatic and fully automatic systems (including nailers, feeds and stackers) for mid- to high-volume pallet operations. GBN's line of pallet nailing systems can manufacture a wide variety of pallets and sizes, including both stringer and block styles, as well as mats. All GBN systems use bulk nails and drive them with hydraulic power, either electric or diesel.

In beam-type pallet nailing systems, the pallet is oriented so that the stringer is presented parallel to the line of nail chucks. The machine drives at one time all the nails required to fasten all the deck boards to the stringer, and the pallet advances to the next stringer, automatically. (In some other pallet nailing systems, the pallet is oriented so that the deck boards are parallel to the line of nail chucks; the machine drives the nails required for a single deck board - driving one nail at a time per stringer - and advances the pallet one deck board at a time.)

GBN’s systems include three manual nailers, Models 60, 72 and 100, with stringer lengths up to 100 inches and 42 nail feeds.

In semi-automated and automated systems, the GBN Patriot is a single nailer with a stacker for automatic nailing of deck boards that are positioned by hand; the Patriot is also available in a version that can assemble both block and stringer pallets as well as decks or top mats.

The GBN Explorer is also a single nailer. It is the only single nailer system that has flow-through assembly and automatic turning of the pallet for fast cycle time.

The GBN Trailblazer is an entry-level system featuring two nailers in-line; the first nailer builds the bottom of the pallet and the second assembles the top. The Trailblazer, which has a fast change-over time, has a turner and stacker for high production; it is available in systems to nail both block and stringer pallets. The Trailblazer uses a reciprocating jig or fixture to assemble the block pallet through the first nailer. While it is a more economical machine for producing block or stringer pallets, the Trailblazer uses the same nailers, turners, stackers, power units and parts as other GBN pallet assembly systems. The Trailblazer can assemble 1,200 to 1,500 block pallets per shift, according to GBN. When equipped with optional deck board feeders and set up for stringer pallets, the Trailblazer has the same production cycle time as the Excalibur.

GBN's top-of-the-line pallet assembly system, the Excalibur, is a fully automated, high-production machine that is available in both standard and block pallet configurations. It features fully automated feeding of stringers and deck boards for high production. The Excalibur has a fast cycle time - eight seconds for a stringer pallet and 10 seconds for a block pallet.

The Excalibur is equipped with features that are common for GBN nailing machines and systems: countersunk nails using Tru-Driver™ compensating nail chucks, top of the line pallet stackers, computerized diagnostic system that troubleshoots the machine via telephone, and sensors to detect missing nails. An optimizing system allows the Excalibur to control a pallet's size from all directions for consistent dimensions even if stringer thickness varies by a ½-inch; the optimizing feature is also available on other GBN nailing machines.

GBN nailing systems can 'grow' in modular fashion to fit a company's needs as it changes and grows.

GBN, which is owned and operated by three partners, Rod Gray, Paul Bailey and Raj Nainani, also offers services to customize its machines for specific applications. GBN nailing systems are designed to accommodate modifications that will allow assembly of pallets of unusual configurations. With custom modifications, GBN machines can assemble virtually any type of pallet.

The GBN team has a long history in pallet nailing systems and considerable experience and expertise in engineering, and it strives to build high quality nailing systems and to provide strong service to its customers.

Every GBN machine is thoroughly tested prior to delivery. Pallets are assembled on each nailing system to help ensure smooth, trouble-free installation.

Contact any member of the GBN team, Paul, Rod or Raj, at 800-446-9871 or (804) 448-2033, fax (804) 448-2684 or e-mail gbnmach@bealenet.com.

Macon Machine Automates Older Nailers

Macon Machine provides a service to automate certain older Viking nailing machines and also supplies service and parts for other Viking pallet assembly equipment.

The company’s specialty is Auto Pallet, a computerized control system that will transform any Viking Duo-Matic® nailing machine into an automated pallet assembly system.

Auto Pallet upgrades a Duo-Matic, replacing mechanical controls with programmable logic control. The plc is combined with an encoder that tells the machine where the conveyor is and also a proximity sensor that signals the machine to begin on a new pallet. Auto Pallet is integrated with the machine’s existing electro-mechanical relays.

Macon Machine’s Auto Pallet improves the speed of the Duo-Matic. More importantly, it significantly reduces the amount of time required to change over the Duo-Matic to a different pallet — saved time that can be used for production time. Auto Pallet, which has enough memory to store 50 different pallet configurations, also improves nailing accuracy.

Auto Pallet allows a company to convert the machine back to mechanical nail cams by simply turning a switch and replacing the cams. In fact, operators can troubleshoot the plc system while the machine continues to nail pallets in the mechanical mode. Auto Pallet does not eliminate relays or timers; it operates without some of them in plc mode but still uses them in cam mode.

Macon Machine has expanded operations to include full service and parts for Viking pallet assembly equipment. Parts include chucks, electrical components, plc, pneumatics, flight bars, hydraulics, chains and springs.

Upgrades include Fast Mechanical Set-up, fourth stringer, lead board locator, air rails, and new pump packages.

Macon also specializes in custom conversions of Viking nailing machines to build special products, such as long pallets, five-stringer pallets, and skids.

For more information, contact Macon Machine at (662) 726-5101, fax (662) 726-9239, e-mail info@autopallet.com, or visit the Web site at

Morgan Gage Services Old Nailing Equipment

Morgan Gage Co. specializes in servicing nailing machinery, particularly old Morgan nailing machines and other brands that are no longer manufactured. The company also manufactures custom nailing equipment for assembling pallets and reels and offers complete rebuilding services and used machinery for sale.

Owner Cliff Gage has been involved in the pallet industry since the mid-1950s. When Morgan exited the machinery business in 1982, Cliff purchased the blueprints, records and patents for Morgan pallet nailing machines.

In addition to supplying parts and service for Morgan nailing machines, Morgan Gage also supplies parts and service for other machines, such as Doig and FMC.

Morgan Gage also can make custom modifications to these old nailing machines in order to improve performance.

For more information, contact Morgan Gage at (518) 747-7850 or fax (518) 747-3418.

Pallet Chief Focus Simple Mechanical Design

Pallet Chief Manufacturing offers four standard nailing machine models and also manufactures special or custom nailing equipment. The company’s machines use collated nails and feature simple mechanical design with no programmable logic controls or computer components.

Pallet Chief nailers range in potential production speeds from one pallet in two minutes to two pallets per minute. The machines, along with stackers of various configurations, offer versatility and production.

Pallet Chief nailing machines feature one-man or two-man operation, fast set-up time and low maintenance. The machines are of simple yet rugged design and require only 110 volts and an air compressor.

The standard Pallet Chief IV can build pallets ranging from 34x34 to 48x48 and comes standard with a right-angle stacker. The company will supply other versions to accommodate different pallet sizes.

The Pallet Chief IV can assemble two pallets per minute with two operators. Like other Pallet Chief systems, it uses a gantry system that holds power nailing tools driving collated nails; the new model features a two-gantry system that can hold up to eight nailing tools. Assembling three-stringer pallets, the Pallet Chief IV can drive 18,000 nails before reloading.

The Pallet Chief IV nails the bottom deck boards with the first gantry, automatically flips the partly-assembled pallet and sends it to the second gantry, which nails the top deck boards. An operator at each gantry inserts pallet parts into the machine.

The company’s other models, the Pallet Chief I, II and III, are less automated. They can be used to assemble pallets ranging from 48x48 to 58x58. They are equipped with either a standard stacker, a deluxe in-line stacker, or a right or left angle stacker. Standard models are for nailing pallets made with three stringers. Options allow nailing pallets made with four stringers and wing pallets.

For more information, contact Pallet Chief at (800) 339-2925, fax (256) 249-4975, e-mail palletchiefsales@palletchief.com, or visit the Web site at www.palletchief.com.

Storti Offers Two Automated Pallet Nailing Systems

Storti is a well known European manufacturing company that produces automated pallet assembly systems and sawmill equipment. The company, based in Italy, entered the North American pallet and sawmill industry market last year, retaining G. Wine Sales as its exclusive agent and representative in North America.

Storti manufactures two heavy-duty, automated pallet nailing systems; both are beam-type, tandem nailing machines that use hydraulic power to drive bulk nails. The Storti nailing systems can assemble pallets containing two to five stringers and wing pallets, and they can build pallets as large as 59x59.

They are being marketed in North America under the model names Flex 2200 and Flex 2600. "They are flexible," explained Greg Wine, president of G. Wine Sales. "You can build stringer or block pallets on the same line." The Storti systems can include in-line equipment for automatic chamfering, corner-trimming and branding, or they can be added later.

The Storti machines assemble block and stringer pallets at a rate of about six or seven pallets per minute. "They are consistent and smooth-running, and they have very accurate board placement," said Greg. The number of operators required varies, depending on the machine model, optional equipment, and the type of pallet that is being assembled.

The Storti nailing systems are equipped with video cameras and monitors that enable the operators to see the pallet on the other side of the nailing station that was just assembled or partly assembled. The machines are equipped with sensors that automatically detect if a nail was missed, and the operator will be alerted at the monitor. A unique feature of the Storti system is a powered steel bed outfeed conveyor behind the pallet stacker at the end of the line.

Storti nailing systems are equipped with a unique self-diagnostic feature at the control panel. "If the machine stops running, the operator can hit a button, and it will diagnose the problem," said Greg.

The information systems on the Storti nailing line are bi-lingual; the monitor on the control panel can communicate with the operator in five different languages, including Spanish.

Pallet companies in the U.S. and Canada that buy Storti equipment will be able to get parts and technical assistance from a North American-based service company that will supply parts within 24 to 48 hours via overnight shipment.

For more information about Storti or its products, contact G. Wine Sales at (540) 644-9220, fax (540) 663-4081, visit its Web site at www.palletmachinery.com, or e-mail palletmachinery@hotmail.

Trace Supplies Economical Jigs

Trace Equipment supplies two economical set-ups or jigs to aid in manual assembly of pallets made with new or used lumber.

The Nail-Ease nailing station is of sturdy steel construction and holds pallet parts at an incline to allow for easier nailing. It has a unique hold-down system. The Nail-Ease is easily adjusted for different pallet sizes and also is quickly changed for three-stringer pallets or four-stringer pallets. Support frame and balancer for power nailing tool are optional.

The Nail-Ease can be used to assemble pallets up to 50x50; it can be supplied in a larger frame size to accommodate larger pallet specifications. The Nail-Ease can be used to assemble 30 or more pallets per hour.

Trace Equipment also supplies a nailing station for large, over-size pallets. It can be used to assemble pallets up to 64 inches wide and virtually any length. It features a unique swivel system so the pallet may be turned over easily to finish assembling the other side. A grapple, which may be operated manually or attached to a shop hoist system, is an option.

Viking Engineering and Development is a leading manufacturer and supplier of automated pallet assembly systems. The company was founded in 1975 when it introduced its Duo-Matic tandem pallet nailing system. It later improved on this machine with the Duo-Max and the Turbo-Max.

Viking, a 100% employee-owned company, now manufactures four principal nailing systems. The Turbo 505 is Viking’s largest and most efficient nailer. This tandem nailing machine can assemble pallets made with three or four stringers and up to 72 inches long. Features include programmable controller, high-efficiency hydraulics, automatic board feeder lubrication, automatic pneumatic filter drains, electronic variable-drive star turner, and software that allows the design, storage and recall of hundreds of pallet sizes and styles.

Viking made a number of improvements to its Champion automated pallet assembly system and gave the upgraded model a new name, the Champion QC305. The improvements are aimed at allowing pallet manufacturers to have high levels of system up-time. The Champion QC305 can be changed over faster from one pallet footprint to another — QC stands for quick change-over — and operates at a faster pace.

The Champion QC305 is a mid-volume nailer with advanced precision. The Champion QC305, which can be operated by one worker, can assemble pallets made of two, three and four stringers and up to 72 inches long. Features include programmable controller, memory for 40 pallet sizes and designs, quick change stringer rails and side load stringer feeder, and more.

The Viking tandem Explorer machine is designed for high-volume production of block pallets and can also nail stringer pallets. It features two powerful hydraulic nailing stations and servo-motor technology to accurately place each nail in the desired location. Patented hydraulics and chucks are designed to drive three different nail types per pallet, including clinch nails. The computer-controlled automation has a touch screen operator interface.

The Viking Sentinel, introduced in 1998, is affordably designed to automate low-volume stringer pallet assembly with capabilities to increase pallet volume and quality. With one operator it can assemble about 300 new pallets per day. The Sentinel can assemble pallets up to 60x60 using bulk nails and new or used lumber that may not be suitable for other systems. The footprint of the Sentinel is small, fitting into a 9-foot by 26-foot area, including stacked pallets. The Sentinel can enable a pallet manufacturing company to automate assembly operations with only one operator and also reap the benefits of bulk nails.

Viking also designs and builds special or custom systems. In addition to new machinery, Viking rebuilds and updates older Viking systems and sells used equipment, providing complete nailing machine service.

All Viking nailing machines use bulk nails, and Viking guarantees that its own brand of Super Stock pallet nails will run smoothly in every system it builds. Viking sells stiff stock and hardened steel bulk nails to provide a more complete nailing service.

The company’s nail picking system and compensating chucks are focal points of Viking nailing systems. Viking offers staggered nailing as an option for those who need it, and recessed nails from compensating chucks have been a Viking trademark.

Viking promotes several advantages of bulk nails. Based on standards for nail performance developed by the Virginia Tech pallet and container research laboratory and approved by the National Wooden Pallet and Container Association, bulk nails are more resistant to pallet joint separation. The bulk nail has a larger head, is slightly longer, and — unlike collated nails — has continuous, deeper spirals. In addition, pneumatically powered nailing tools are not capable of consistently countersinking nails; their high nail insertion speeds also destroy wood fiber around the nail, which impairs holding power. Hydraulically powered nailing systems completely countersink nails and push them into the wood in a way that promotes the effect of screwing the nail into the wood, which minimizes damage to wood fiber and increases holding power. And the cost of bulk nails is significantly less than collated fasteners.

Viking offers a complete line of other machinery to complement the nailing function: turners, stackers, branders, board feeders, cant feeders, material handling equipment, and anything needed to make a nailing system run.

The service department will respond to any questions customers may have regarding a machine as well as installation, and ordering parts. Parts may be ordered online at any time via the Internet. Ordering is quick, parts go out on time, and the Web site is up and running 24 hours daily, seven days per week.

Viking representatives are available to discuss your company’s needs and the equipment most suited for your operation, and Viking Financial Services personnel will be happy to answer lease-financing questions and needs on all equipment.

For more information, contact Viking at (800) 328-2403, fax (763) 586-7379, e-mail sales@vikingeng.com, or visit the Web site at www.vikingeng.com.

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