Although classical, including Etruscan, collections had been donated to the University of Pennsylvania Museum since the early
1890s it was in 1896 that the Museum formally authorized excavations in Italy and the acquisition of Etruscan tomb groups,
as well as individual objects, for the Museum. Professor Arthur L. Frothingham of Princeton, then Secretary of the American
School of Classical Studies in Rome, was commissioned to represent the Museum in Italy. Most of the tomb groups which Frothingham
obtained are from Narce and Vulci, although there are objects from many other sites including Cerveteri, Orvieto, and Civita
Castellana. The textual records from the excavations in Italy consist of one linear foot of correspondence, notes, financial
accounts, and photographs related to the excavation of Etruscan tombs through which the Museum obtained the majority of its
Etruscan collections.

Although classical, including Etruscan, collections had been donated to the University of Pennsylvania Museum since the early
1890s it was in 1896 that the Museum formally authorized excavations in Italy and the acquisition of Etruscan tomb groups,
as well as individual objects, for the Museum. Professor Arthur L. Frothingham of Princeton, then Secretary of the American
School of Classical Studies in Rome, was commissioned to represent the Museum in Italy. Most of the tomb groups which Frothingham
obtained are from Narce and Vulci, although there are objects from many other sites including Cerveteri, Orvieto, and Civita
Castellana. The textual records from the excavations in Italy consist of one linear foot of correspondence, notes, financial
accounts, and photographs related to the excavation of Etruscan tombs through which the Museum obtained the majority of its
Etruscan collections.

The Asian Section collection includes correspondence and receipts all dealing with the donation or sale of artifacts to the
Penn Museum from 1890 to 1969. Artifacts are mostly from China, Korea, and Japan. Notable donors include Stewart Culin, William
Pepper, Phoebe Hearst, and Worch of Paris, C.T. Loo, and Yamanaka and Co.

title

Asian Section

creator

Culin, Stewart, 1858-1929 Gordon, G. B. (George Byron), 1870-1927

id

PU-Mu. 0543

repository

University of Pennsylvania Penn Museum Archives

extent

1.6 linear feet

inclusive date

1890-1969

bulk date

abstract/scope/contents

The Asian Section collection includes correspondence and receipts all dealing with the donation or sale of artifacts to the
Penn Museum from 1890 to 1969. Artifacts are mostly from China, Korea, and Japan. Notable donors include Stewart Culin, William
Pepper, Phoebe Hearst, and Worch of Paris, C.T. Loo, and Yamanaka and Co.

William Pepper, originally a Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, was the visionary behind the establishment of the
University Archaeological Association in 1889, and the Department of Archaeology and Paleontology in 1891, the precursors
to the University Museum. The groups were composed of wealthy Philadelphians, interested in the ancient world, and capable
of soliciting subscriptions to the Associations from their friends and colleagues. The University's sponsorship of an expedition
to Nippur, Babylonia in 1887, financed by private funds was the impetus for Pepper to work toward the establishment of organizations
to support exploration and house artifacts from the ancient world. With the need for a fire-proof building to house the finds,
supported by the Trustees, College Hall was designated as the first repository in response to a request from William Pepper.
By 1892, the Department of Archaeology and Paleontology, affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania, was operating under
an independent Board of Managers whose first President was Joseph Leidy. Pepper himself became President of the Department
in 1894, working tirelessly along with Sara Yorke Stevenson, toward the funding and building of the Free Museum of Science
and Art. Toward this goal, the American Exploration Society was created an an independent funding organization for the recovery
of artifacts and the establishment of a museum of archaeology. The Board of Managers records consists of seven boxes of correspondence
and financial records spanning the creation of the University Archaeological Association, the Department of Archaeology and
Paleontology, the American Exploration Society and the Museum. The records are organized first by the entities that preceeded
the museum and contributed to its creation. The next group of records are organized by the tenure of the Presidents of the
Board of Managers.

William Pepper, originally a Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, was the visionary behind the establishment of the
University Archaeological Association in 1889, and the Department of Archaeology and Paleontology in 1891, the precursors
to the University Museum. The groups were composed of wealthy Philadelphians, interested in the ancient world, and capable
of soliciting subscriptions to the Associations from their friends and colleagues. The University's sponsorship of an expedition
to Nippur, Babylonia in 1887, financed by private funds was the impetus for Pepper to work toward the establishment of organizations
to support exploration and house artifacts from the ancient world. With the need for a fire-proof building to house the finds,
supported by the Trustees, College Hall was designated as the first repository in response to a request from William Pepper.
By 1892, the Department of Archaeology and Paleontology, affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania, was operating under
an independent Board of Managers whose first President was Joseph Leidy. Pepper himself became President of the Department
in 1894, working tirelessly along with Sara Yorke Stevenson, toward the funding and building of the Free Museum of Science
and Art. Toward this goal, the American Exploration Society was created an an independent funding organization for the recovery
of artifacts and the establishment of a museum of archaeology. The Board of Managers records consists of seven boxes of correspondence
and financial records spanning the creation of the University Archaeological Association, the Department of Archaeology and
Paleontology, the American Exploration Society and the Museum. The records are organized first by the entities that preceeded
the museum and contributed to its creation. The next group of records are organized by the tenure of the Presidents of the
Board of Managers.

Charles H. Rosher was a trained engineer who worked with W.M. Flinders Petrie on archaeological sites in Egypt. Flinders Petrie's
recommendation of Rosher as a capable engineer to the Penn and Cairo Museums resulted in his employment to remove several
monuments from a site in Tanis. As a part of his duties, Rosher was charged with obtaining a permit for the work. As the permit
did not materialize, Sara Yorke Stevenson of the Egyptian section of the museum traveled to Cairo to expedite the process.
The diplomacy required to obtain the necessary permits and approvals from the Egyptian governing authorities proved too difficult
for even Mrs. Stevenson. While embroiled in the process however, she dismissed Rosher to work for three months with Flinders
Petrie to gain basic archaeological skills. As fate would have it, due to delays, Petrie was not able to meet with Rosher
nor to train him. Rosher did perform some work at Dendereh and surveyed at the Tanis site. A dispute over his request for
more money from the museum led to Penn accepting Rosher's resignation. The permit was never issued to Penn to excavate or
remove monuments at Tanis. The Charles S. Rosher collection consists of two drawings from his time in Egypt. These tiems are
oversize and kept in the map case. The first drawing, done in 1898 for the American Exploration Society shows "Details of
some of the Tombs Excavated at Dendera." It is a reproduction of an ink drawing on paper. There are two small copies of the
larger work that have been encapsulated. The second drawing is "Dendera Sketch Map of the Ancient Cemetery excavated by W.M.Flinders
Petrie on behalf of the Egypt Exploration Fund". The drawing was completed by Rosher from "surveys by himself and W.M. Flinders
Petrie" during the years 1897-1898. This map is also a reproduction of an ink drawing on paper.

title

Charles H. Rosher Dendereh records

creator

Rosher, Charles H.

id

PU-Mu. 1007

repository

University of Pennsylvania Penn Museum Archives

extent

01 linear foot

inclusive date

1897-1898

bulk date

abstract/scope/contents

Charles H. Rosher was a trained engineer who worked with W.M. Flinders Petrie on archaeological sites in Egypt. Flinders Petrie's
recommendation of Rosher as a capable engineer to the Penn and Cairo Museums resulted in his employment to remove several
monuments from a site in Tanis. As a part of his duties, Rosher was charged with obtaining a permit for the work. As the permit
did not materialize, Sara Yorke Stevenson of the Egyptian section of the museum traveled to Cairo to expedite the process.
The diplomacy required to obtain the necessary permits and approvals from the Egyptian governing authorities proved too difficult
for even Mrs. Stevenson. While embroiled in the process however, she dismissed Rosher to work for three months with Flinders
Petrie to gain basic archaeological skills. As fate would have it, due to delays, Petrie was not able to meet with Rosher
nor to train him. Rosher did perform some work at Dendereh and surveyed at the Tanis site. A dispute over his request for
more money from the museum led to Penn accepting Rosher's resignation. The permit was never issued to Penn to excavate or
remove monuments at Tanis. The Charles S. Rosher collection consists of two drawings from his time in Egypt. These tiems are
oversize and kept in the map case. The first drawing, done in 1898 for the American Exploration Society shows "Details of
some of the Tombs Excavated at Dendera." It is a reproduction of an ink drawing on paper. There are two small copies of the
larger work that have been encapsulated. The second drawing is "Dendera Sketch Map of the Ancient Cemetery excavated by W.M.Flinders
Petrie on behalf of the Egypt Exploration Fund". The drawing was completed by Rosher from "surveys by himself and W.M. Flinders
Petrie" during the years 1897-1898. This map is also a reproduction of an ink drawing on paper.

Extent: 0.4 linear foot (the records of the egypt exploration fund fill one archival box of correspondence and financial records)

Amelia B. Edwards, a novelist and travel writer, traveled in Egypt from 1873 to 1874 to escape bad weather in her native England.
Her stay in Egypt inspired the book, A Thousand Miles Up the Nile. A best seller at the time, Edwards story presented a view
of nineteenth century Egypt along with descriptions of the previously unknown antiquities of the ancient civilization. After
returning to England, Edwards and Reginald Stuart Poole of the Department of Coins and Metals of the British Museum co-founded
the Egypt Exploration Fund. Its 1882 mission was to "explore, survey and excavate ancient sites in Egypt and Sudan and publish
the results of this work." The work of W.M. Flinders Petrie was of great interest to the amateur Egyptologist Edwards, and
she supported Flinders Petrie's appointment as successor to Edouard Naville in Egypt. Petrie arrived in Egypt in 1884 with
funds from University College, London. He later became the first Edwards professor of Egyptology at the University of London.
Subscriptions to the Fund came from all over the world. An office was founded in Boston to do the work of the fund in the
United States. Organizations such as the Free Museum of Science and Art who subscribed to the fund were able to share in the
artifacts recovered by Flinders Petrie's work. The Egypt Exploration Fund records fill one archival box. There are seven folders
of correspondence and financial records including several circulars from the London and Boston offices of the Fund.

title

Egypt Exploration Fund

creator

id

PU-Mu. 0032

repository

University of Pennsylvania Penn Museum Archives

extent

0.4 linear foot (the records of the egypt exploration fund fill one archival box of correspondence and financial records)

inclusive date

1888-1926

bulk date

abstract/scope/contents

Amelia B. Edwards, a novelist and travel writer, traveled in Egypt from 1873 to 1874 to escape bad weather in her native England.
Her stay in Egypt inspired the book, A Thousand Miles Up the Nile. A best seller at the time, Edwards story presented a view
of nineteenth century Egypt along with descriptions of the previously unknown antiquities of the ancient civilization. After
returning to England, Edwards and Reginald Stuart Poole of the Department of Coins and Metals of the British Museum co-founded
the Egypt Exploration Fund. Its 1882 mission was to "explore, survey and excavate ancient sites in Egypt and Sudan and publish
the results of this work." The work of W.M. Flinders Petrie was of great interest to the amateur Egyptologist Edwards, and
she supported Flinders Petrie's appointment as successor to Edouard Naville in Egypt. Petrie arrived in Egypt in 1884 with
funds from University College, London. He later became the first Edwards professor of Egyptology at the University of London.
Subscriptions to the Fund came from all over the world. An office was founded in Boston to do the work of the fund in the
United States. Organizations such as the Free Museum of Science and Art who subscribed to the fund were able to share in the
artifacts recovered by Flinders Petrie's work. The Egypt Exploration Fund records fill one archival box. There are seven folders
of correspondence and financial records including several circulars from the London and Boston offices of the Fund.

The textual records from the excavations of Gournia and the papers of Harriet Boyd Hawes consist of one linear foot of correspondence,
financial records, field notes and drawings, drafts of lectures and materials for publication, and research notes. The records
have been compiled from several sources, none of which contributed a significant original order. Sources of the records include
the files of the American Exploration Society, the records of University of Pennsylvania Museum Mediterranean Section Curator
Sara Yorke Stevenson, and the papers of Harriet Boyd Hawes, contributed to the Archives on two occasions (in 1973, by her
son Alexander Hawes, and in 1993 by her daughter Mrs. Mary Allsebrook via researcher Dr. Vasso Fotou.

The textual records from the excavations of Gournia and the papers of Harriet Boyd Hawes consist of one linear foot of correspondence,
financial records, field notes and drawings, drafts of lectures and materials for publication, and research notes. The records
have been compiled from several sources, none of which contributed a significant original order. Sources of the records include
the files of the American Exploration Society, the records of University of Pennsylvania Museum Mediterranean Section Curator
Sara Yorke Stevenson, and the papers of Harriet Boyd Hawes, contributed to the Archives on two occasions (in 1973, by her
son Alexander Hawes, and in 1993 by her daughter Mrs. Mary Allsebrook via researcher Dr. Vasso Fotou.

The curatorial files encompass the period from the Section's inauguration by Museum President William Pepper in 1894 to the
1970s. While the material in the Mediterranean curatorial files dates from 1895 to 1979, the bulk of the collection dates
to the earlier years (1895-1949) and within that period, the majority relate to Edith Hall Dohan.

The curatorial files encompass the period from the Section's inauguration by Museum President William Pepper in 1894 to the
1970s. While the material in the Mediterranean curatorial files dates from 1895 to 1979, the bulk of the collection dates
to the earlier years (1895-1949) and within that period, the majority relate to Edith Hall Dohan.

Sara Yorke Stevenson was closely involved with creating both the University Archaeological Association and the Department
of Archaeology and Paleontology, the two organizations that merged and eventually became the Penn Museum. In 1891, she accepted
an appointment as curator of the Egyptian Section; in 1892, she also became curator of the Mediterranean Section. In addition
to her curatorial responsibilities, she succeeded Stewart Culin as secretary of the Board of Managers in 1894 and served as
secretary until 1904, when she became president and chairman. In early 1905, however, she resigned both from the Board and
as curator. The textual records comprising the Sara Yorke Stevenson curatorial subgroup consist primarily of correspondence
about developing the Mediterranean collection. These records are divided into two series. Series 1 includes correspondence
about acquiring potential collections; Series 2 contains documentation about collections that have been acquired.

title

Mediterranean Section Sara Yorke Stevenson

creator

Stevenson, Sara Yorke, 1847-1921

id

PU-Mu. 0060

repository

University of Pennsylvania Penn Museum Archives

extent

0.4 linear foot

inclusive date

1875-1904

bulk date

abstract/scope/contents

Sara Yorke Stevenson was closely involved with creating both the University Archaeological Association and the Department
of Archaeology and Paleontology, the two organizations that merged and eventually became the Penn Museum. In 1891, she accepted
an appointment as curator of the Egyptian Section; in 1892, she also became curator of the Mediterranean Section. In addition
to her curatorial responsibilities, she succeeded Stewart Culin as secretary of the Board of Managers in 1894 and served as
secretary until 1904, when she became president and chairman. In early 1905, however, she resigned both from the Board and
as curator. The textual records comprising the Sara Yorke Stevenson curatorial subgroup consist primarily of correspondence
about developing the Mediterranean collection. These records are divided into two series. Series 1 includes correspondence
about acquiring potential collections; Series 2 contains documentation about collections that have been acquired.

William N. Bates (1867-1949) was born and educated in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Bates curated the Mediterranean Section of
the Penn Museum from 1904 to 1911. In 1940, the University of Pennsylvania awarded him an honorary doctorate. The William
N. Bates curatorial subgroup consists of two folders of general correspondence from 1904 to 1915.

title

Mediterranean Section William N. Bates

creator

Bates, William Nickerson, 1867-1949

id

PU-Mu. 0071

repository

University of Pennsylvania Penn Museum Archives

extent

1.6 linear foot

inclusive date

1904-1938

bulk date

abstract/scope/contents

William N. Bates (1867-1949) was born and educated in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Bates curated the Mediterranean Section of
the Penn Museum from 1904 to 1911. In 1940, the University of Pennsylvania awarded him an honorary doctorate. The William
N. Bates curatorial subgroup consists of two folders of general correspondence from 1904 to 1915.

Charles Custis Harrison was Provost at the University of Pennsylvania 1894-1910, a time of expansive growth for the University,
especially in the number of buildings added to the campus. Using his extensive personal contacts from his business and political
associates, Harrison raised funds (making large contributions himself) for dormitories as well as Houston Hall, the University
Museum, the Medical Laboratory, the Law, Engineering, and Dental School buildings from the wealthy of Philadelphia society.
The Charles Custis Harrison Files of the Office of the Provost Records document his activities as Provost of the University
of Pennsylvania and as Vice President and President of the Board of Directors of the University Museum. This collection though
part of the Office of the Provost Records, includes material from almost all aspects of Harrison's career with the University
of Pennsylvania.

title

Office of the Provost Records. Charles C. Harrison Administration

creator

University of Pennsylvania. Office of the Provost.,

id

PU-Ar.UPA 6.2H

repository

University of Pennsylvania University Archives and Records Center

extent

5.5 cubic feet

inclusive date

1854-1943

bulk date

1891-1927

abstract/scope/contents

Charles Custis Harrison was Provost at the University of Pennsylvania 1894-1910, a time of expansive growth for the University,
especially in the number of buildings added to the campus. Using his extensive personal contacts from his business and political
associates, Harrison raised funds (making large contributions himself) for dormitories as well as Houston Hall, the University
Museum, the Medical Laboratory, the Law, Engineering, and Dental School buildings from the wealthy of Philadelphia society.
The Charles Custis Harrison Files of the Office of the Provost Records document his activities as Provost of the University
of Pennsylvania and as Vice President and President of the Board of Directors of the University Museum. This collection though
part of the Office of the Provost Records, includes material from almost all aspects of Harrison's career with the University
of Pennsylvania.

Sara Yorke Stevenson, the first curator of the Egyptian section of the Free Museum of Science and Art, was a vital force in
the creation and success of the museum. Along with William Pepper, Stevenson worked tirelessly through the Department of Archaeology
and Paleontology and the American Exploration Society to gain subscriptions, build the Museum and acquire a collection of
antiquities. In addition to being the first curator of the Egyptian Section, Stevenson was the Secretary of the Board of Managers
and of the American Exploration Society. She served as President of the Board from 1904 to 1905. While Stevenson was performing
the dual role of Secretary of the Board of Managers and Curator, the museum relied on the London-based Egypt Exploration Fund
to provide a share of the findings of archaeologist W.M. Flinders Petrie to the museum. Stevenson cultivated a relationship
with Flinders Petrie and well connected Egyptians such as Yacoub Artin Pasha. Mrs Stevenson traveled to Egypt in 1898 cementing
connections and investigating other possible sites for exploration. The Egyptian Section Sara Yorke Stevenson records consist
of two archival boxes of correspondence, collection information and financial records.

Sara Yorke Stevenson, the first curator of the Egyptian section of the Free Museum of Science and Art, was a vital force in
the creation and success of the museum. Along with William Pepper, Stevenson worked tirelessly through the Department of Archaeology
and Paleontology and the American Exploration Society to gain subscriptions, build the Museum and acquire a collection of
antiquities. In addition to being the first curator of the Egyptian Section, Stevenson was the Secretary of the Board of Managers
and of the American Exploration Society. She served as President of the Board from 1904 to 1905. While Stevenson was performing
the dual role of Secretary of the Board of Managers and Curator, the museum relied on the London-based Egypt Exploration Fund
to provide a share of the findings of archaeologist W.M. Flinders Petrie to the museum. Stevenson cultivated a relationship
with Flinders Petrie and well connected Egyptians such as Yacoub Artin Pasha. Mrs Stevenson traveled to Egypt in 1898 cementing
connections and investigating other possible sites for exploration. The Egyptian Section Sara Yorke Stevenson records consist
of two archival boxes of correspondence, collection information and financial records.

Sara Yorke Stevenson, the first curator of the Egyptian section of the Free Museum of Science and Art, was a vital force in
the creation and success of the museum. Along with William Pepper, Stevenson worked tirelessly through the Department of Archaeology
and Paleontology and the American Exploration Society to gain subscriptions, build the Museum and acquire a collection of
antiquities. In addition to being the first curator of the Egyptian Section, Stevenson was the Secretary of both the Board
of Managers and the American Exploration Society. She served as President of the Board from 1904 to 1905. While Stevenson
was performing the dual role of Secretary of the Board of Managers and Curator, the museum relied on the London-based Egypt
Exploration Fund to provide a share of the findings of archaeologist W.M. Flinders Petrie to the museum. Stevenson cultivated
a relationship with Flinders Petrie and well connected Egyptians such as Yacoub Artin Pasha. Mrs Stevenson traveled to Egypt
in 1898 cementing connections and investigating other possible sites for exploration. The Sara Yorke Stevenson papers consist
of seven folders in one archival box of correspondence, family history, writings and lectures.

Sara Yorke Stevenson, the first curator of the Egyptian section of the Free Museum of Science and Art, was a vital force in
the creation and success of the museum. Along with William Pepper, Stevenson worked tirelessly through the Department of Archaeology
and Paleontology and the American Exploration Society to gain subscriptions, build the Museum and acquire a collection of
antiquities. In addition to being the first curator of the Egyptian Section, Stevenson was the Secretary of both the Board
of Managers and the American Exploration Society. She served as President of the Board from 1904 to 1905. While Stevenson
was performing the dual role of Secretary of the Board of Managers and Curator, the museum relied on the London-based Egypt
Exploration Fund to provide a share of the findings of archaeologist W.M. Flinders Petrie to the museum. Stevenson cultivated
a relationship with Flinders Petrie and well connected Egyptians such as Yacoub Artin Pasha. Mrs Stevenson traveled to Egypt
in 1898 cementing connections and investigating other possible sites for exploration. The Sara Yorke Stevenson papers consist
of seven folders in one archival box of correspondence, family history, writings and lectures.

In 1896 the University of Pennsylvania Museum sponsored its first expedition to Russia. The Museum sent Zelia Nuttall (now
remembered mainly for her work in the area of Mexican studies) as its representative on a trip to establish cordial relations
and a system of exchanges and cooperation, and to obtain archaeological and ethnological specimens by gift or exchange. Nuttall
traveled to Moscow, Kiev, Troitzkoi, Rostov, Nijni-Novgorod, and Riga. She also attended ceremonies for the coronation of
Nicholas II and there acquired commemorative prints which she donated to the Museum and to Mrs. Hearst. The collection consists
mainly of correspondence from Nuttall to William Pepper and Sara Yorke Stevenson, inventories of objects acquired, and images
collected at the Pan-Russian Industrial and Art Exhibition at Nijni-Novgorod (modern Gorki).

title

Zelia Nuttall papers

creator

Nuttall, Zelia, 1858-1933

id

PU-Mu. 1056

repository

University of Pennsylvania Penn Museum Archives

extent

1 linear foot

inclusive date

1893-1903

bulk date

1896-1897

abstract/scope/contents

In 1896 the University of Pennsylvania Museum sponsored its first expedition to Russia. The Museum sent Zelia Nuttall (now
remembered mainly for her work in the area of Mexican studies) as its representative on a trip to establish cordial relations
and a system of exchanges and cooperation, and to obtain archaeological and ethnological specimens by gift or exchange. Nuttall
traveled to Moscow, Kiev, Troitzkoi, Rostov, Nijni-Novgorod, and Riga. She also attended ceremonies for the coronation of
Nicholas II and there acquired commemorative prints which she donated to the Museum and to Mrs. Hearst. The collection consists
mainly of correspondence from Nuttall to William Pepper and Sara Yorke Stevenson, inventories of objects acquired, and images
collected at the Pan-Russian Industrial and Art Exhibition at Nijni-Novgorod (modern Gorki).