1. This Form 3 is filed jointly by Raging Capital Fund, LP ("Raging Capital Fund"), Raging Capital Fund (QP), LP ("Raging Capital Fund QP"), Raging Capital Management, LLC ("Raging Capital") and William C. Martin (collectively, the "Reporting Persons"). Each of the Reporting Persons may be deemed to be a member of a Section 13(d) group that collectively owns more than 10% of the Issuer's outstanding shares of Common Stock. Each of the Reporting Persons disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares of Common Stock reported herein except to the extent of his or its pecuniary interest therein. The Reporting Persons became 10% owners of the shares of Common Stock solely as a result of the Issuer reporting a reduction in the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding.

2. Represents shares of Common Stock owned directly by Raging Capital Fund QP. As the general partner of Raging Capital Fund QP, Raging Capital may be deemed to beneficially own the shares of Common Stock owned directly by Raging Capital Fund QP. As the managing member of Raging Capital, Mr. Martin may be deemed to beneficially own the shares of Common Stock owned directly by Raging Capital Fund QP.

3. Represents shares of Common Stock owned directly by Raging Capital Fund. As the general partner of Raging Capital Fund, Raging Capital may be deemed to beneficially own the shares of Common Stock owned directly by Raging Capital Fund. As the managing member of Raging Capital, Mr. Martin may be deemed to beneficially own the shares of Common Stock owned directly by Raging Capital Fund.