This [new] government is to possess absolute and uncontrollable powers, legislative, executive and
judicial, with respect to every object to which it extends, for by the last clause of section eighth,
article first, it is declared, that the Congress shall have power "to make all laws which shall be necessary and
proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government
of the United States, or in any department or office thereof." And by the sixth article, it is declared, "that this Constitution,
and the laws of the United States, which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and the treaties made, or which shall be made, under
the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land.....

Anti Federalist 18-20

What Does History Teach?

March 17, 1788 [A NEWPORT MAN] (excerpt)

The Newport Mercury:

But there is nothing within the compass of possibility of which I am not perfectly sure, that I am more fully persuaded of than I am, that the British will never relinquish the posts in question until compelled by force; because no nation pays less regard to the faith of treaties than the British. Witness their conduct to the French in 1755, when they took a very great number of men of war and merchant ships before war was declared, because the French had built some forts on the south side of an imaginary line in the wilds of America; and again, the violation of the articles by which the people of Boston resigned their arms; and the violation of the capitulation of Charles Town. Again we are told that Congress has no credit with foreigners, because they have no power to fulfill their engagements. And this we are told, with a boldness exceeded by nothing but its falsehood, perhaps in the same paper that announces to the world the loan of a million of Holland gilders-if I mistake not the sum....

Anti-Federalist 18-20

What Does History Teach?

March 17, 1788 [A NEWPORT MAN] (excerpt)

The Newport Mercury:

. . . - I perceive in your last [issue a] piece signed "A Rhode-Island Man," it seems wrote with an air of confidence and triumph; he speaks of reason and reasoning-I wish he had known or practised some of that reasoning he so much pretends to; his essay had been much shorter. We are told in this piece, as well as others on the same side, that an ability given to British subjects to recover their debts in this country will be one of the blessings of a new government, by inducing the British to abandon the frontiers, or be left without excuse. But the British have no other reason for holding the posts, after the time named in the treaty for their evacuation, than the last reason of Kings, that is, their guns. And giving them the treasure of the United States is a very unlikely means of removing that. If the British subject met with legal impediments to the recovery of his debts in this country, for [the] British government to have put the same stop on our citizens would have been a proper, an ample retaliation....

Anti Federalist 18-20

What Does History Teach?

March 17, 1788 [A NEWPORT MAN] (excerpt)

The Newport Mercury:

We are told that so long as we withhold this power from Congress we shall be a weak, despised people. We were long contending for Independence, and now we are in a passion to be rid of it. But let us attempt to reason on this subject, and see to which side that will lead us. Reason is truly defined, in all cases short of mathematical demonstration, to be a supposing that the like causes will produce the like effects. Let us proceed by this rule. The Swiss Cantons for a hundred years have remained separate Independent States, consequently without any controlling power. Even the little Republic of St. Marino, containing perhaps but little more ground than the town of Newport, and about five thousand inhabitants, surrounded by powerful and ambitious neighbors, has kept its freedom and independence these thirteen hundred years, and is mentioned by travellers as a very enlightened and happy people. If these small republics, in the neighborhood of the warlike and intriguing Courts of Paris, Vienna, and Berlin....