posted 22. July 201701:19 PM
DID AFRICAN SLAVES BRING THE Y-CHROMOSOMES R1CLADES TO THE AMERICAS?

*Clyde Winters

ABSTRACTPrevious studies of the genetic structure of Afro-Americans have observed a considerable presence ofEuropean haplotype R1, among Afro-Americans in North America and the Caribbean. Researchers haveassumed that these European genetic signals were probably the result of European males mating withSub-Saharan African (SSA) females during the Atlantic Slave Trade. Even though this is the usualexplanation for the presence of European clades carried by Afro-Americans (AA), recent studies show ahigh frequency of R haplogroup ancestry among SSAs in West Africa. This study illustrates that theexistence of Y-chromosome R1a, and R1b (M-269 and V88) among Afro-Americans may be derivedfrom SSAs instead of Europeans.

posted 23. July 201707:28 PM
DID AFRICAN SLAVES BRING THE Y-CHROMOSOMES R1 CLADES TO THE AMERICAS?

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"Information on the frequency of R haplogroups carried by Afro-Americans in the United States, has mainly been recorded by Forensic scientist, rather than population geneticists. Hammer et al., (2006), and Vallone and Butler (2004) presented interesting statistics on the frequency of R1 among Afro-Americans.In the Vallone and Butler (2004) study AAs carried around 0.3% R-M207, and 23% R1b (Figure 1). The frequency of R1 among AAs in North America are similar to the frequency of this Y-chromosome in Haiti and Jamaica.Hammer et al., (2007) has also examined the frequency of R1 among AAs in North America. Hammer et al., (2007) found that the second most frequent Y-chromosome among Afro-Americans is R1b. In Table 2, we see a comparison of Native American and Afro-American Y-Chromosomes."

posted 11. August 201707:49 PM
DID AFRICAN SLAVES BRING THE Y-CHROMOSOMES R1 CLADES TO THE AMERICAS?

"Information on the frequency of R haplogroups carried by Afro-Americans in the United States, hasmainly been recorded by Forensic scientist, rather than population geneticists. Hammer et al., (2006), andVallone and Butler (2004) presented interesting statistics on the frequency of R1 among Afro-Americans.In the Vallone and Butler (2004) study AAs carried around 0.3% R-M207, and 23% R1b (Figure 1). Thefrequency of R1 among AAs in North America are similar to the frequency of this Y-chromosome inHaiti and Jamaica. "