that the “invisible hand” of the free market was more effective and fair than government intervention in the economy.

Phillis Wheatley is celebrated in American history as:

a published poet and slave.

The decline of indentured servitude and apprenticeship had many causes. Which of the following was not one of these causes?

Increased use of African slaves

Who wrote that he hoped to erect a “wall of separation” between church and state:

Thomas Jefferson

In 1776, the slave population of the United States was:

20 percent

Which of the following was not an effect of the struggle for independence on economic thought and policy in America?

The estates of wealthy landowners were appropriated by Congress and redistributed among the rural poor.

Which of the following was not a course adopted by African-Americans to advance the cause of emancipation during the revolutionary era?

assassination of pro-slavery public figures

Who developed the state constitution that gave the governor an effective veto over laws passed by the legislature, included a two-chamber legislature and powerful judiciary, and was subsequently an important model for the U.S. Constitution?

John Adams

For most free Americans in the new republic, equality meant:

equal opportunity rather than equality of condition.

The daughter of a Massachusetts farmer who disguised herself as a man and fought in the Continental Army during the American Revolution was:

Deborah Sampson.

The first antislavery tract in America was

The Selling of Joseph.

The first time in recorded human history that slavery was eradicated by legislative power of government was:

in the United States when, between 1777 and 1804, every state north of Maryland took steps toward emancipation.

Which was not the case for Indians following the War for Independence?

Indians were incorporated as citizens within the new republic.

Which of the following was not an effect of the struggle for independence on the relative status of men and women in America?

the elimination of legal inequality between husband and wife

Who, out of the following, dressed in men’s clothes to fight in the American Revolution?

Deb

Which of the following defines republican motherhood?

training sons to be future citizens

Three months after independence was declared in 1776, which state adopted a new state constitution with only a one-house legislature?

Penn

The estimated percentage of free Americans who remained loyal to the British during the Revolution was:

20 to 25 percent.

Members of which of the following groups were not subject to arrest by the Pennsylvania government because of refusal to participate in the American Revolution?