Almost half—47 percent—of internet users have experienced some form of harassment online, according to a study released this week. Many young people, queer people, women, and people of color surveyed in the study, conducted by research nonprofits Data & Society and the Center for Innovative Public Health Research, self-censor—or cease posting altogether—in response to being harassed, fearing that speaking out further could lead to more harassment or worse.

Men and women responded equally that they had been on the receiving end of harassment in the 3,002-person phone survey, but women reported a more diverse range of types of harassment out of the options of Direct (person-to-person), Invasion of privacy (being hacked or doxxed), and Denial of access (being mass reported or "technical attacks).

Data & Society/Center for Innovative Public Health Research

"If women, people of color, and LGB internet users are shying away from contributing because of well-founded fears of retaliation, their voices will be missing from this important civic sphere," Data & Society's Alice Marwickwrote on Quartz Thursday.