The main objective of this research to study carcinogenic effects of 17β-estradiol in mice by studying on haematological parameters (Hb, PCV, RBC, WBC and DWBC), mitotic index and histopathological changes of ovary, uterus and mammary gland. The following results which obtained from the current research: The effects of 17β-estradiol for six months on blood picture had no-significant differences on the blood haemoglobin (Hb) (11.55 and 11.69 gm/dl), total number of red blood cells (RBC) counts in the peripheral blood. RBC counts were 7.48 and 6.98 × 106/mm3 for the two groups respectively. Basophiles percent (3.40 and 3.54%) also (8.68 and 8.09%) for Monocytes percent for the two experimental groups respectively. Significant decrease (P˂0.05) in PCV% were noticed between the control and treated group (37.40and 31.28 %) respectively, and Lymphocyte percent (49.00 and 46.03%). Also significant increases (P˂0.05) were observed in the WBC count between the control and the second group (7.05 and 9.43 109/l), and the Neutrophil percent (35.52 and 37.35%) respectively, also significant increases (P˂0.05) in the Eosinophil percent (3.40 and 4.99 %) respectively. The results of carcinogenic effects on cytogenic study showed a significant increase (P˂ 0.05) in mitotic index for mice treated with17β-estradiol in comparison to control group. While the histopathological changes, in ovary: In mice treated with 17β-estradiol revealed immature development of follicles that primordail and primary follicles can be detect while secondary follicle was noted without ova and no griffin follicle can be seen. The histopathological study of uterus: In mice treated with 17β-estradiol showed dilatation of endometrial glands with hyperplasia of epithelial cells lining uterus and there is compact hypercellular stroma. While the histopathological changes, in mammary gland: The mammary gland of treated mice with 17-β estradiol showed pleomorphic hyperchromatic malignant cells in addition somewhere arranged as glandular structure, but the gross appearance of mammary gland adenocarinoma gives enlargement with irregular shape.

BackgroundThyroid cancer is more common in subjects with blood group A and O. Estrogenic receptors in some cases of goiter were observed. Obesity is associated with increased risk of thyroid carcinoma possibly by mechanism of production of estrogenic steroids by adipose tissue. ObjectiveThis study was done to determine and compare the progesterone and estradiol in sera and tissue of female patients with various thyroid disorders.MethodsIn this prospective study, Serum and thyroid tissue homogenate were analyzed by measuring progesterone and estradiol in fifty normal healthy women volunteers as a control, in addition to ten patients with malignant thyroid nodules proved by histopathology, and thirty seven patients with benign thyroid nodules from March 2008 to August 2009 in Al-Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital and Al-Dirgham private hospital in Baghdad.ResultsSerum estradiol and progesterone levels for both malignant and benign thyroid nodules patients were less than noticed in healthy control, while tissue estradiol and progesterone levels in malignant thyroid tumor were significantly higher than those in benign thyroid nodules.ConclusionTissue estradiol and progesterone levels can be used in the diagnosis and differentiation between malignant and benign thyroid nodules.Key word: progesterone, estradiol, Thyroid nodules

The present study aimed to determine some of reproductive values of water buffaloes in marshes of Iraq which may be used as a primary values for assaying the reproduction and production of water buffaloes. The study performed on immature male and female water buffaloes. Estradiol and progesterone hormones were determined. The results showed effect of sex on the levels of estradiol and progesterone of male and female buffaloes. The age was effective in estradiol and progesterone levels of female buffaloes, while it was no effective on estradiol and progesterone levesl of male water buffaloes.

The study was conduct to determine the effect of exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) during gestation on serum reproductive hormones levels (Estradiol" E2", Luteinizing Hormone "LH" and follicle- stimulating Hormone" FSH"), age and weight at vaginal opening onset as well as reproductive efficacy in F1 female offspring.Thirty six pregnant female rats (F0) were gavage three doses of BPA suspended in corn oil (50 μg, 50 mg, 250 mg/kg/BW) or corn oil only as control group from gestational day (GD) 6 till gestation day (GD) 21. After delivery, twelve female pups of each group were hold for three months; However, Female rats' offspring, after weaning, were weighed and checked for vaginal opening (VO) every day until completion, then at postnatal day (PND) 90, blood samples were collected from six F1 female of each group to perform hormonal tests and other six females were mated with untreated male rat in a separate cage for 14 days in order to evaluate fertility efficacy. The results showed significant increased (P<0.05) in serum E2 levels, and decrease in LH level, but FSH levels were unchanged in all treated groups compared with control group. The results also revealed significant decrease age at VO onset in all treated groups compared with control group , while body weight at age of VO onset was non-significantly differ between all groups.Fertility rate, number of birth and implantation sites were reduced and resorption sites were elevated in F1 female rats that gestationally exposed to deferent levels of BPA in comparison with control group. From the present study it has been revealed that the BPA exposures during pregnancy adversely affect F1 female reproduction and caused early puberty onset.

Background: Estrogen and progesterone are ovarian hormones that can be used as oral contraceptive pills (in combined formula) in addition to their use ashormonal replacement therapy in menopause.Methods: A sample of 30 animals having an estrous cycle of 4 days period was used. The animals were divided into 2 main groups; a control group (6 rats) and treated group which further divided into 3 subgroups; T I, T II and T III (8 rats for each) according to the dose of Estradiol which was given in three different dosages (1, 4 and10 µg/day) for a period of two successive estrous cycles (i.e. 8 days).The Progesterone hormone was given in a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight, for all the 3 subgroups, on the third and fourth days of the two successive estrous cycles. Immunohistochemical study was done through the applicationof Vimentin and Desmin markers.Staining procedure: (using Labelled Strept-Avidin Biotin LSAB™+/HRP kit, code number K0697 detection system). Aperio Positive Pixel Count Algorithm software (modified) was employed, in the studyResults:The demonstration of desmin was apparent mainly in the smooth muscle cells of the oviductal wall and highest immunoreactivity was found to be in the proestrous phase.In the treated group; high decline in the staining reactivity was found, especially in T I group.The demonstration of vimentin reaction was evident mainly in the lamina propria stromal cells and the tunica muscularis of the rat oviduct. The immunoreactivity was found to be high in the proestrous phase.In the treated group; profound reduction in the staining reactivity of the lamina propria and smooth muscle cells was found,especially in T Igroup and little immunoreactivity for vimentin receptors in treated groups. This due to effect of combine hormonal therapy(estrogen and progesterone) on alternation immunogenic configuration of vimenin and desmin intermediate filaments of rat oviduct cells.Conclusion:The combined therapy reveals thatdesmin and vimentin are essential for cell integrity and apply as indicator for metaplastic activity of cells.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of human chorionic gonadotophic (HCG), 17β-estradiol and hydrocortisone on some blood parameters and body weight in female rabbits. Twenty local rabbits were subdivided randomly and equally into four groups . The1st group used as control . The 2nd group was injected daily (30 IU /kg B.W) HCG intramuscularly . The 3rd group was injected subcutaneously daily with 0.1 mg /kg B.W s/c 17 β-estradiol and the 4th group was injected daily 0.1 mg /kg B.W intramuscularly hydrocortisone. After five weeks blood serum was tested for total Cholesterol, HDL(height density lipo-protein), LDL (low density lipo- protein),TG (triglycerides), total protein and pH. Body weight was taken dialy from first day . The results showed that the administration of HCG raised high significantly LDL(p>0.01) while total Cholesterol , TG, glucose failed to reach the significant level, .However HCG significantly lowered HDL (p>0.01) Total protein and body weight were decreased with no change in blood pH compared with the control group. The treatment with 17β-estradiol decreased the level of cholesterol , , TG and lowered significantly HDL(p 0.05 >and increased significantly LDL (p > ( 0.05. Glucose and total protein were increased with no significant effect on body weight and pH compared with the control group. While hydrocortisone increased ,HDL ,TG ,LDL and glucose and decreased cholesterol and total protein level moreover body weight and pH did n,t effected

This study aimed to evaluate serum levels of steroid hormones and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone in preeclamptic Iraqi pregnancies compared to those of healthy pregnancies.This study enrolled 120 pregnant women, divided into four groups:1.30 healthy pregnant women.2.37 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia3.53 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia4.90 pregnant women with preeclampsia Preeclamptic women and their severe cases but not mild cases had significantly (P<0.01) increased levels of serum hCG as compared with healthy pregnancies. By contrast, sera levels of estradiol were significantly (P<0.01) decreased in total preeclamptic groups and their severe cases but not in mild group as compared to healthy pregnant women (controls) , while there were no significant differences in the levels of serum progesterone in all preeclamptic groups as compared with controls.This study that concludes Preeclampsia is associated with increased levels of hCG hormone and decreased levels of estradiol hormone and these support the suggestion of the role of hormones in preeclampsia.

Objective: The study was designed to correlate the residual beta cell secretary capacity with the ovarian function in Iraqi diabetic women.Setting: Department of physiology, Medical College of Al-Mustansiriyah University in cooperation with the Iraqi National Diabetes Center (NDC) of Al- Mustansiriyah University in Baghdad from November 2004 till November 2005.Outcomes measures: Residual Beta cell function was estimated by measuring C-peptide level by radioimmunoassay technique while ovarian function was estimated by measuring serum levels of FSH, LH, Progesterone and Estrogen using enzymatic Link Fluorescent assay technique.Results: Data showed that the C-peptide level in type 1 diabetic subjects was significantly lower than the control subjects (p <0.0001).C-peptide was significantly correlated to glycemic control expressed by HbA1c while it was not significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose.Also C-peptide showed no significant correlation with the, FSH, LH, progesterone, and estradiol levels in diabetic subjects and the healthy control group.Conclusions: The present data reflects the deleterious effect of beta cell secretary capacity dysfunction on hyperglycemia and emphasizes that this decrease in beta cell capacity had no effect on ovarian function except for Progesterone.Keywords: C-peptide, FSH, LH, progesterone, estradiol.

Background: Leptin, the product of the ob gene, is a hormone secreted by adipocytes. Animals with mutations in the ob gene are obese, leptin affects not only nutritional homeostasis but also reproductive events. A prospective study was done to investigate serum leptin ,estradiol and testosterone levels in 100 fertile healthy women with regular cycle aged(18-45) years with different weights and to see the influence of obesity on these parameters , the correlation of leptin with body mass index ,waist hip ratio , estradiol and testosterone level was determined. Methods fasting blood samples were obtained for the measurement of all studied parameters. serum concentrations of leptin was measured using ( ELISA) , estradiol and testosterone concentrations measured by ( ELFA ) technique (enzyme linked fluorescent assay)by mividus, the body-mass index was deﬁned as the weight in kilo-grams divided by the square of the height in meters. Results: according to the body mass index (BMI), the women were divided in to 3 groups: Group (1) normal weight(30 women) with BMI≤24.9 kgm2 , group( 2) Overweight(30 women) with BMI=25-29.9 kgm2 , group ( 3) obese (40 women) with BMI≥ 30 kgm2. The mean value ±SD of the weight in normal weight group was (53±5)kg , of overweight group was(65.8 ± 4.7) and of obese group was(91.6±16) so there was a highly significant difference between the 3 groups (p-value=0.000) , the Mean ± SD of waisthip ratio in normal, over weight and obese groups were (0.79 ± 0.06, 0.81 ± 0.03 and 0.84 ± 0.05) respectively and there was significant difference between the 3 groups(p-value=0.04), the leptin mean ± SD of normal ,overweight and obese groups were(12.4±6.7, 18.2±5.8 and 24.4±16.4) respectively, and p-value =0.000. Estradiol mean±SD of normal ,overweight and obese groups were (46.2±30.2 ,54.6±25 and79.9 ±52.7)respectively ,p-value =0.03,Testosterone mean±SD of normal, overweight and obese groups were (0.14±0.06, 0.16±0.07 and 0.2±0.09)respectively, p-value =0.00. Conclusions. Leptin correlate significantly with BMI, WH ratio and estradiol level, the women with higher BMI(obese) has higher level of leptin, estradiol and testosterone so the leptin clearly appears to be linked to the reproductive system .

This study was conducted on 28 recipient local mares after synchronizing and recovery of embryos of Arabian mares (donor mares) and transferring them to recipients on day 7 post ovulation, all mares were raised in the studs of police academy –Cairo Egypt under same circumstances in the breeding season from February till may of 2013. Seventeen recipient mares were pregnant and 9 mares were non pregnant when ultrasound pregnancy check was done on day 21 post ovulation, blood samples were taken on days 11,12 and 13 to detect the steroidal hormonal profile (estrogen and progesterone) via Elisa technique of the recipient mares plasma steroid level and its role in early pregnancy and maternal recognition. The results were significantly higher (P≤0.05) between pregnant (n=17) and non pregnant (n=9) recipient mares in the plasma progesterone concentrations which were 10.99±0.16 vs 9.59±0.11, 12.69±0.16 vs 11.79±0.22 and 14.4±0.15 vs 13.78±0.23 ng/ml on days 11,12 and 13 post ovulation respectively, significant difference(P≤0.05) was observed when comparison between pregnant mare’s plasma progesterone concentrations on days 11,12 and 13 post ovulation. Plasma estrogen concentration were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in non pregnant and pregnant mares which were15.17±0.18 vs 14.84±0.14, 14.74±0.27 vs13.94±0.12 and 14.14±0.3 vs13.12±0.16 pg/ ml on days 11,12 and respectively, on the other hand when comparison between days11,12 and 13 plasma estrogen levels were significantly different (P≤0.05) in pregnant mares while no significant difference was found in the same days between non pregnant mares, thus might be the main reason for early embryonic death when detected in early pregnancy check via ultrasonography in 21 days post ovulation.