The picture shows a map of the Carolingian Empire with its borders: 1st after the treaty of Verdun (843 A.C.) and 2nd after the treaty of Meersen (879 A.C.) In the Treaty of Verdun the sons of Louis II and the grandsons of Charlemagne agreed on the division of the territoriy of Francia into three parts: 1. The Western Frankish Realm of Charles the Bald (Neustria, Aquitaine), 2. the Central Frankish Realm of Lothar I (Burgundy, Provence, Austrasia), and 3. the Eastern Frankish Realm of Louis the German (Frisia, Saxony, Alemannia, Bavaria). With the Treaty of Meersen the territory of Lotharingia was divided between Charles the Bald and Louis the German. Until World War II this treaty remained a matter of conflict between Germany and France.