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P RESENTATION O BJECTIVES To explain key features of the Vacuum wet press kerb making process To provide a basic guidance with regards to types and selection of Kerbstones To explain the kerbstone options offered by VYARA To aid in the designing process

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“ K ERBS - A BRIEF HISTORY …A LONG FUTURE ” Pre-cast Concrete Kerbs are the unsung heroes of our roads and streets, ensuring the safety of our pedestrians, and contributing to the paved environment. They help a). shape the street scene b). in protecting the highways.

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They mark the changes between road and footway, providing a visual warning to pedestrians and drivers. Precast concrete kerbs, channels and edgings can be used where a pavement edge restraint or drainage channel is required, including: pedestrian areas, domestic drives, public, private and commercial footways, school playgrounds, pedestrian precincts and industrial pavements. Precast concrete kerbs are specifically used on highway and other heavily trafficked areas to Provide additional strength to the edge of the carriageway. They prevent vegetation encroaching onto the road Act as a demarcation line between road and footway Deter traffic from mounting the footway Provide a barrier to divert water run-off into the gullies Prevent the surfacing materials on the road from spreading under load. SHAPING THE STREET SCENEPROTECTING THE HIGHWAY

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A BOUT THE NEW RANGE OF K ERBS FROM VYARA- FIRST IN I NDIA Vyara has recently introduced kerbstones conforming to European norms. The Kerbs conforming to EN 1340 (mandated in some Western European Countries) are manufactured using a Vacuum wet press process with extremely high Hydraulic pressure and simultaneous vacuuming. In this process of manufacture, the wet concrete is pressed by force of over 400 tons and at the same time the water that's not necessary for the proper curing of the cement is eliminated by vacuum. The WCR of the concrete is by that reduced to 0.4 which gives the cured flag excellent physical properties. The wide range of products and accessories being introduced enables designers to provide excellent urban design solution to their clients.

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C HARACTERISTICS OF THESE K ERBS CharacteristicsBenefits Very High StrengthLong life and value retention of the project. Allows vehicles to climb over Large SizesFewer joints -- better looks Extremely good finishBetter aesthetics High abrasive resistanceLower need for repair and replacement Low water absorptionMuch reduced blackening and maintenance of kerbs Extremely wide range of products Allows for most of the details to be catered to

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T YPES OF K ERBS There are 4 basic profiles to the most common road kerbs used: Half Batter (HB) Bull Nose (BN) Splay (SP) Square (SQ) Then there are also other supporting types of kerbs like Transition Kerbs (Left hand and Right hand) Dropper Kerbs (Left hand and Right hand) Offlet Kerb Angle Kerbs or Corner Kerbs (Internal and external) Radius Kerbs (Internal and external) Quadrant Kerb which when used together, offer a fairly complete solution to the kerbing needs, whether in the neighborhood, streets or in highways.

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H ALF B ATTER (HB) (S TANDARD ) P ROFILE The half battered shape is the most elegant and commonly used shape. The main purpose of the shape is to deflect the traffic back on to the carriage way and protect the pedestrians. This shape normally forms the bulk of the kerbstones used. The 'sloping back' profile enables road rollers to operate right up to the edge of the pavement without scratching or damaging the kerb face when the surfacing is laid. They are normally used where a footpath is provided adjacent to the carriageway. These provide an element of check sufficient to warn motorists that they are dangerously close to the edge of the carriageway.

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45 O S PLAY (SP) P ROFILE The purpose of the splayed blocks is to allow access to vehicular traffic over itself. These are typically used to access is to given for demarcated parking spaces, or where vehicles may need to climb on to verges in case of emergencies. For safety reasons, these are not used when a footpath is present.

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B ULL N OSE (BN) P ROFILE Bull nosed Kerbs are used to provide access to vehicles from carriageways to a private driveway or an access point across pedestrian footpath crossing. These allow for vehicles to cross over most easily.

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A CCESSORY K ERBS - T RANSITION K ERB Very few pieces of these Kerbs are used normally to link two different kerb profiles. In case of transition from HB to bull nose, the Dropper kerbs are used as shown on next slide Splay Kerb Left hand Transtion Kerb HB to SP Half Batter Kerb Transition Kerb HB to SP (Right Hand)

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A CCESSORY K ERBS - R ADIUS K ERBS The radius is specified in metres and it represents what the radius would be if a complete circle was made with the kerbs. To calculate the radius of the bend (and hence what kerbs we need) the formula used is Radius = (L/2) 2 + B 2 2B where points 1 and 2 are where the bend starts and stops. Points 1 and 2 are always taken from the face of kerb