Grape (Vitis spp.) is a culturally and economically important crop plant that has
been cultivated for thousands of years, primarily for the production of wine. Grape
berries accumulate a myriad of phenylpropanoid secondary ...

Niagara Peninsula of Ontario is the largest viticultural area in Canada.
Although it is considered to be a cool and wet region, in the last decade many water stress events
occurred during the growing seasons with negative ...

Fire blight is an economically important disease of apples and pears that is caused by the
bacterium Erwinia amylovora. Control of the disease depends on limiting primaly blosson1
infection in the spring, and rapidly ...

Large carpenter bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopa) have traditionally been
thought of as exhibiting solitary or occasionally communal colony social organization.
However, studies have demonstrated more complex fonns ...

Activity has been suggested as an important behaviour that is tightly linked with
predator avoidance in tadpoles. In this thesis I examine predator-prey relationships using
wood frog tadpoles {Rana sylvaticd) as prey and ...

Flavour is a combination of taste, odour, and chemesthetic sensations. Close associations exist
between these sensory modalities, and thus, the overall flavour of a food or beverage product can
change when the intensity ...

Photosynthesis in general is a key biological process on Earth and Photo system II (PSII)
is an important component of this process. PSII is the only enzyme capable of oxidizing water
and is largely responsible for the ...