WHAT WE ARE ??
I career plus is a monthly magazine, published in English/Hindi language.
The Magazine endeavours to enable its readers to face the challenges
of globalization economy. It provides in -depth information and career
guidance.
I career plus will also provide regarding general knowledge, solution
, questionnaires , entertainment , sports updates, crimeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, national /
international news
etc.. to help you achieve career dreams.

(All information in ICP is obtained from source that the management consider
reliable, and is disseminated to readers without any responsibility on our
part . Any opinions or views on any contemporary or past topics, issues or
developments expressed by third parties, whether in abstract or in interviews,
are not necessarily shared by us. Copyrights reserved throughout the world.
Reproduction of any material of this magazine in whole, or in part(s), in any
manner, without prior permission, is totally prohibited .The publisher accepts
no responsibility for any material lost or damaged in transit. The publisher
reserves the right to refuse, without or there wise deal with any advertisement
without explanation. All disputes are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of
competent courts in New Delhi only.)
Name of the Printing Press
M/S. BHARAT GRAPHICS
C-83, OKHALA IND AREA, PHASE-I
NEW DELHI-110020
Notes:In this magazine all content’s are being collected from various sources, if in any case any content is similar to anyone,
in that case we are highly apologized and intentionally we are not doing this.

2014

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Executive Team

Today is the world of competition every person is involving
to prepare any competition for achieving a reputed place in
the society, thus education of each and every person was also
dependent upon the scope and demand of industries as well as
the government. Nowadays, the education scenario those jobs
and courses which were not popular in ten years ago, are in boom
now which require hardcore study material for understanding
and advance techniques to solve them.
This magazine has been designed with a view to giving and
outlook of various career options available in today’s competitive
era. Our endeavor has been to educate the students of various
sections starting from the aspirants of civil services, banking
sectors, staff selection commission jobs, or even for the students
preparing for various entrance examinations of management,
law, mass communication and hotel management .
We will be grateful to you if you give us your valuable suggestions
to improve the magazine further.
Anticipating your positive feedback
Sincerely yours
Editor in chief
Dr. S.K.Singh
“If you have Knowledge, There is no Dearth of jobs for you”

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HELP LINE : 011-22043114
When life is busy, or all your energy
is focused on a special project, it’s all
too easy to find yourself off balance,
not paying enough attention to
important areas of your life. While
you need to have drive and focus
if you’re going to get things done,
taking this too far can lead to
frustration and intense stress.

The Wheel of Life...

That’s when it’s time to take a
“helicopter view” of your life, so
that you can bring things back into
balance.
This is where the Wheel of Life® (or
Life Wheel) can help. Commonly
used by professional life coaches,
it helps you consider each area of
your life in turn and assess what’s off

balance. As such, it helps you identify
areas that need more attention.
Figure 1 below shows an example
wheel of life with example
“dimensions” (we’ll explain how
to choose the right areas of life or
dimensions for you below).

Wheel of Life Example
The Wheel of Life is powerful
because it gives you a vivid visual
representation of the way your life
is currently, compared with the
way you’d ideally like it to be. It is
called the “Wheel of Life” because
each area of your life is mapped on
a circle, like the spoke of a wheel.
The concept was originally created
by Paul J. Meyer, founder of Success

Motivation® Institute, Inc.
Using the Tool
There are two ways you can use this
tool. One is to use our interactive
Wheel of Life tool below (click on the
diagram to activate it).
Alternatively, use the following steps
to create your Wheel of Life and
assess your balance. (This allows you
to define your own dimensions.)

Wheel of Life Template
1. Brainstorm Life Areas
Start by brainstorming the 6 to
8 dimensions of your life that
are important for you. Different
approaches to this are:
•The roles you play in life, for
example: husband/wife, father/
mother, manager, colleague, team
member, sports player, community
leader, or friend.
•Areas of life that are important to
you, for example: artistic expression,
positive attitude, career, education,
family, friends, financial freedom,
physical challenge, pleasure, or
public service.

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•Your own combination of these (or
different) things, reflecting the things
that are your priorities in life.
2. Write These Down on the Wheel
Write down these dimensions on the
Wheel of Life diagram, one on each
spoke of the life wheel.
3. Assess Each Area
This approach assumes that you will
be happy and fulfilled if you can find
the right balance of attention for
each of these dimensions.

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How to Live the Best Life You Can :
1 Start off by looking at yourself.
Not in comparison to anyone else, but just look at yourself. Ask yourself these
questions.
• Who am I ?
• Where do I currently stand in my life ?
• What role do I play in others lives? (Sister, mother, friend, role model, teacher,
partner, etc..)
• Am I living to my fullest potential ?
• Am I happy? Fulfilled? At peace ?
• Why, or why not ?

Key Points
The Wheel of Life is a great tool to
help you improve your life balance.
It helps you quickly and graphically identify the areas in your life to
which you want to devote more energy, and helps you understand where
you might want to cut back.
The challenge now is to transform
this knowledge and desire for a more
balanced life into a positive program
of action

2 One huge mistake :
One huge mistake people make in their lives is sheltering themselves from pain.
Hiding from the truth. Denying reality. DEATH exists. Become at peace with that.
MURDERS and RAPE and DISEASES happen. Accept it. Once you face the facts that
life isn’t all rainbows and butterflies, you will be more prepared to handle tough
situations, and you won’t take disappointment as such a shock.

3 Determine which people in your life :
Determine which people in your life are actually worth your care. Eliminate all
the fake friends and the users from your list, and list only those who make you
feel happy when you’re around them. Now make an effort to spend more time
around those people, and less time around the people who do no good for you
or your life. It’s okay to be a little selfish in this sense every once in a while. Just
be sure you give back an equal amount to what you take (and that doesn’t only
mean physical things, but emotional needs, as well).

Brief summery in next edition………

2014

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6

Non-profit Company- The creation of Article 19(1)(c) of the Constitution
An association can be formed under Article 19 (1)(c) of the Constitution
of India. A Non Profit Organization can 2013be registered in India as
a Society, under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 or as a Trust, by
making a Trust deed. A third option is registration as a section 8 of the
Companies Act, 2013 w.e.f. FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 2013( old section-25 of
the Companies Act, 1956 ).
Whether a trust, society or section-8
company, the Income Tax Act, 1961
gives all categories equal treatment, in terms of exempting their
income and granting 80G certificates, whereby donors to
non-profit organizations may
claim a rebate against donations made. Foreign contributions to non-profits are
governed by FC(R)A regulations and the Home
Ministry. For an organization to be termed as
Charity it requires Income tax clearances under 12 A Clause of Income
Tax Act. Section 2(15) of the Income
Tax Act defines ‘charitable purpose’ to include‘relief of the poor,
education, medical relief and the advancement of any other object of
general public utility’. A purpose that relates exclusively to religious
teaching or worship is not considered as charitable.

REGISTRATION
Registering a Non Profit association in India can be done in a total of
four ways:
• Trust ( both Central and State Acts like the Bombay Public Trusts
Act, 1950 )
• Society ( both Central and State Acts )
• Company under Section-8 of the Companies Act, 2013 ( old section-25 of the Companies Act, 1956 )
• Special Licensing Society: Charitable societies, military orphan
funds or societies established at the several presidencies of India,
societies established for the promotion of science, literature, or
the fine arts, for instruction, the diffusion of useful knowledge, the
diffusion of political education, the foundation or maintenance of
libraries or reading rooms for general use among the members or
open to the public, or public museums and galleries of paintings
and other works of art, collection of natural history, mechanical
and philosophical inventions, instruments or designs
In addition to registration, a non-profit engaged in certain activities
might also require special license/permission.
Some of these include (but are not limited to):
1. A place of work in a restricted area (like a tribal area or a border area
requires a special permit – the Inner Line
PERMIT – usually issues either by the Ministry of Home Affairs or by the
relevant local authority (i.e., district magistrate).

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2. To open an office and employ people, the NGO should be registered
under the Shop and Establishment Act.
3. To employ foreign staﬀ, an Indian non-profit needs to be registered
as a trust/society/company, have FCRA registration and also obtain a No
Objection Certificate. The intended employee also needs a work visa.
4. A foreign not-for-profit may be registered as a branch,
liaison or project office [and not necessarily as an Indian entity] after the requisite permission has
been granted by the RBI. Upon receipt of
approval from the RBI, the foreign office
must within 30 days seek registration
under the Companies Act, 1956. Alongside of these permissions, the office
must acquire tax registrations.
The Doctrine of basic structure:
NON-PROFIT COMPANY is
unique creature of the
Companies Act but the
Constitution of India has
the over riding effect upon it. The
salient feature of the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the
Company comprising TWO ORGANS such as Managing Committee (
Governing body ) and Board of Directors ( ornamental body ) or vice
versa, being basic structure cannot abolish each other by any special
resolution, nor Ministry of Corporate Affairs, nor Parliament can abolish
it.
THE DOCTRINE OF ULTRA VIRES TO COMPANY:
Any amendment made in the Memorandum and Articles of Association
without the prior sanction of the Government or without obtaining the
fresh incorporation certificate from the Registrar of Companies is ultra
vires to the Company, hence, null and void. The Companies Act, 2013
Section 8(4) (i) A company registered under this section shall not alter
the provisions of its memorandum or articles except with the previous
approval of the Central Government.
PENAL PROVISION:
The Companies Act, 2013 section 8 (11) If a company makes any default
in complying with any of the requirements laid down in this section, the
company shall, without prejudice to any other action under the provisions of this section, be punishable with fine which shall not be less
than ten lakh rupees but which may extend to one crore rupees and
the directors and every officer of the company who is in default shall be
punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three
years or with fine which shall not be less than twenty-five thousand rupees but which may extend to twenty-five lakh rupees, or with both:
Provided that when it is proved that the affairs of the company were
conducted fraudulently, every officer in default shall be liable for action
under section 447.
CONCLUSION:
The incorporation certificate granted by the Registrar of Companies is
birth certificate of the Company and the Company is always the Dominus Litis, juristic person with perpetual succession and common seal.

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7

Right to Information Act 2005
India’s right to Information
Enacted on 15th June 2005.
Substantively comes into effect on 12th October 2005 .
Covers the whole of India except the State of J&K.
Covers entire Central / State
Government / Public Sector.
(Including Government funded organizations / institutions,
Schools, hospitals, NGOs.)
Why right to information?
Right to Information is a Fundamental Right and guaranteed as per Article 19 and 21 of
the Constitution of India.
It is part of the Fundamental
Right to Freedom of Speech
and Expression recognized by
the Constitution and various
Supreme Court decisions.
Spirit of Disclosure
To generally provide all information to the public.
Information which cannot be denied to Parliament will not be
refused to a citizen.
Even the decisions of the Cabinet and basis thereof are to be
made public.
Even exempted information to be disclosed if in “public interest” or if public
Interest outweighs loss to private interest.
Preparation Manuals
i The particulars of its organizations functions and duties.
ii The powers and duties of its officers and employees.
iii The procedure followed in its decision making process, including channels of supervision and accountability.
iv The norms set by it for the discharge of its functions.
v The rules, regulations, instructions, manuals and records
used by its employees for discharging its functions.
vi A statement of the categories of the documents held by it
or under its control.
vii The particulars of any arrangement that exists for consultation with or representation by the members of the public, in
relation to the formulation of policy or implementation there
of.
viii A statement of the boards, councils, committees and other bodies consisting of two or more persons constitute by it.
Additionally, information as to whether the meetings of these
are open to the public or the minutes of such meeting are accessible to the public.
ix A directory of its officers and employees.
x The monthly remuneration received by each of its officers
and employees, including the system of compensation as provided in its regulations.

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xi The budget allocated to each of its agency indicating the
particulars of all plans, proposed expenditure and reports on
disbursements made.
xii The manner of execution of subsidy programmes, including the amounts allocated and the details and beneficiaries of
such programmes.
xiii Particulars of recipients of
concessions, permits or authorizations granted by it.
xiv Details of the information
available to, or held by it reduced
in an electronic form.
xv The particulars of facilities
available to citizen for obtaining
information, including the working hours of a library or reading
room, if maintained for public use.
xvi
The names, designation
and other particulars of the Public
Information Officers.
Salient Features of the Act
As per Sec.2(i) the Public can
get information on the following
which includes records, documents, memos, e mails, opinions,
advices, press releases, circulars, orders, log books, contracts,
reports, samples, models, data/material in electronic form.
As per Sec.3 of the Act the citizens shall have the right to information.
Appointment of Public Information Officer/Assistant Public
Information Officer.
As per Section 5(i) every Public authority shall designate PIO
in all administrative Unit / Offices as may be necessary with
the following.
a Set up their Front Offices
b Give them Facilities
c Computer, Net-working, Staff to afford assistance to Public.
Sec.5(2) provides powers to AIPOs to receive application from
the public and to forward it to PIO. Senior-most Officer shall be
appointed as AIPO.
Sec.5(3) 1 To receive applications from Public for information
or appeals under this Act.
2 To deal with requests of persons seeking information and
render reasonable assistance to the persons seeking information.
3 Forward the same to PIO/Appellate Authority / Commission
(Central/State), as the case may be.
4 Applications pertaining to other Public Authority shall also
have to be accepted vide Sec.6(3).
5 To dispose off requests by written orders (Sec.7).
6 To render reasonable assistance to persons seeking information.
Brief summery in next edition……….5(4)

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2014

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Top 10 Tips on Writing a Good Resume
All of us study for almost half of our lives just with the aim to do
something big in the life ahead. We nurture for ourselves some
dreams and ambitions keeping in mind which we struggle all
our childhood and most of our youth. The success of a person
and caliber of his abilities
is judged on the basis of
the work he does and the
progress he has made. Getting a good job remains the
primary concern for every
graduate be it from any field. Your
job decides your fate from there on.
Most of the people these days are
in through the campus interviews
while some go for walk in interviews after checking vacancies
in the firm they desire. Some
employers even publish ads
in newspapers for recruitmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s So opportunities are
many it simply depends on
your ability to capture it. Yes it is important to have good quali-

fications but it is also equally important to know how to present
and portray your potential. The first step on your quest to bag a
job is the CV or Resume. The CV sets your first impression on the
interviewer way before than you can actually see him or her. Thus
having a great CV and understanding the needs
of the job profile you are
applying for is important.
Thus you need to know
what kind of resume you
should make so as to bag an interview and make
the
interviewer consider you. The resume must be elaborate , up to
the point , crisp and comprehensive. It must give
the piece of information that is needed by the employer for that job. So no matter how well you can
speak what determines
your fate is how well you
write your CV. There are
a few guidelines that you
should keep in mind. The
following are 10 tips that can help you make a concrete CV and

1.Pro help

3. Over writing

hen you write your CV make sure you have a properly
A pro is a professional. Since CVâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s are so important in the com- W
planned format and the matter to be included ready with you.

petitive world there is a whole new department where in there
are people who are professionals in CV writing. These experts
know how to write and what to write depending upon your
need. When you not sure about how to go about with your CV
seek their help. They will charge you of course but it is worth an
investment if it can assure your entry into your dream company.

2. Highlight

This is a very important practice because as I mentioned ear-

lier your employers are very busy and do not have whole day
to read the CVâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. So you need some way to get their attention.
Highlight certain area of your CV that is most important. Use
bullets or underline them. For example if you were promoted in
your last job so mention that and underline that or use a slightly bigger font there or use some bullet there that directly takes
his attention there. Use such tricks to make them see what you
want them to see.

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Do not be into practice that your are thinking and writing your
CV like some essay. Keep a note ready that has all the points to
be included mentioned on it. After you have included all the
details go ahead and cross check that all the points on the note
are covered in the CV. Read your CV at least 3 times in detail to
check any possible error. Check your personal info and make
sure your e mail and phone number are mentioned correctly.
Only then finalize the CV and get it printed. Never over write
the CV. Any error go ahead and correct the hard copy and get a
new print out.

4. Condition
I

t is not only the lay out of your CV and its presentation that
is important but also the state or condition in which it reaches
the interviewer is important. If you are sending your application
by post then make sure the CV reaches in a crisp condition. Use
A4 envelopes to post your CV. Do not fold your CV. If you going

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5. Choose wisely

There are hundreds of vacancies out there. It also depends how
you choose an employer. When you planning to apply check
very well what are the requirements of that position and do
you have all that is required. Once you sure than apply there.
While adding descriptions on the CV choose wisely which
experience or skill of yours is suitable for that position and
emphasis on that. Like if you applying for marketing job emphasis on your communication
skill and influencing ability. Give
your past sale experiences.

6. Be honest

Always try to give a detailed in
sight of your qualification. But
do not randomly go on stating
anything to set an impression.
Remember you are required to
present all the documents to
the company if you get hired.
So never write any lie in the resume. If you do not have a particular qualification then just
forget about it. Do not give
wrong details nor go for forged
documents. The employers are way smarter than you think. Be
honest and if you do not have some required qualification on
certificate then use some of your past experience relative to it
as a substitute.

7. Job experience

This is definitely the most important part on your resume. The
employer is the most interested in finding out what have you
done earlier and how well were you in your job. When you write
about your job experience mention the profile very well. The
status of your work there. Use positive and assertive language
and mention your achievements throughout your stay there. If
you were involved with some other activities in the company
than state that. Mention your recent experience with most detailing as it determines a lot about the offer that you might get.

8. Presentation

the resume sets your impression. It shows how well you plan
you plan things and can take care of. Always have a printed resume. Make sure that the font is even and big enough to be
read without any burden on the eye. Do not use colours on the
resume nor use a colored paper. Do not add your picture unless
and until specified. Try to keep it as professional as possible. If
you want to add to the presentation use a font that you think
adds to the style. Make a great looking yet formal resume.

9. Correct order

Just presenting a piece of paper
that has your information is not
enough. You need to know how
to present the information. The
pattern in which you write the
CV is very important. The first
thing that any employer would
want to know is your name and
probably the age etc. Include
your personal info followed by
your qualifications and then
your work experiences. Write in
ascending order with the latest
work experience in the last and
more elaborated than the rest as
it is what interests them the most- your current status. Have
a crisp format which makes going through your information
easier.

10. Not lengthy

Remember this thing that the people you are forwarding your
resume to are really busy people and the position you are aiming for is the target for many. So there will be many resumes
reaching your employer along with yours. He or she obviously
does not have the time to go through the entire lot reading
each and every detail. So they already are in need of reasons
to reject CV’s. When you present a CV that is 4 pages long it is a
perfect reason for them to avoid it. Include all your information
but make sure your CV is not more than 2 pages. Try to shortlist
your qualifications and include only those that are required for
that particular job.

Brief summery in next edition………

Like your appearance and personality makes an impact on the
interviewer the same is applicable to your resume. The look of

2014

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11

CA (Chartered Accountancy)

Careers in finance and accounts have gained tremendous popularity in the last decade. In accountancy the most prestigious career
option is that of a Chartered Accountant. Chartered Accountants
hold key position in firms. Moreover under the Company’s Act,
only CA’s are entitled to be appointed as auditors in companies.
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) is a statutory body that was set up to regulate the profession of chartered
accountants.

The Route to CA - Step-by-Step

Under the existing chartered accountancy scheme of education,
training and examination, the requirements for becoming a chartered accountant are as follows:

FAQ CPT (Common Proficiency Test)

•CPT is an entry level test of four subjects i.e. Accounting,
Mercantile Laws, General Economics and Quantitative Aptitude.
Examinations are conducted in June and December.
•Enroll with the Institute for Common Proficiency Test (CPT)
after passing class 10th examination conducted by an examining
body constituted by law in India or an examination recognized by
the Central Government as equivalent thereto.
•Appear in CPT after appearing in the senior secondary examination (10+2 examination) conducted by an examining body
constituted by law in India or an examination recognized by he
Central Government as equivalent thereto and after completion of
specified period (60 days)from the date of registration for CPT

Intermediate (IPC)

This is first stage of CA curriculum wherein only working
knowledge of core and allied subjects to accountancy profession is
covered. The subjects of IPCC are classified into two groups which

2014

a student can study and appear in the examination group-wise or
both the groups together.
•After passing CPT, enrol for Group I or Group II or for both
Group I and Group II of Integrated Professional Competence (
IPC) Course. ( Please note that B.Com/M.Com with 55% marks
and non-commerce Graduates/Post Graduates with 60% marks
will get Direct Entry to IPCC without the need for appearing for
CPT Exam)
•Appear and pass Group I as well as Group II of Integrated Professional Competence Examination (IPCE). Group I is composed
of four papers and Group II is composed of three papers.
Register as Articled Assistant for a period of 3 years, on passing
either Group I or both the Groups of IPCE.

CA Final

CA Final covers advanced application knowledge of core subjects
like financial reporting, strategic financial management, advanced
management accounting, advanced auditing and professional
ethics and information systems control and audit
•After passing Intermediate (IPC), Register for CA Final Course
and prepare for CA Final Examination.
•Complete 3 years period of articled training.
•Appear in the Final Examination on completion of the practical
training or while serving last 6 months of articled training on or
before the last day of the month preceding the month in which
the examination is to be held.
•Pass final examination and complete GMCS, if not completed
earlier.
•Enroll as a member of ICAI and designate as “Chartered Accountant”.
For more details visit the official site of ICAI

www.icai.org
HELP LINE : 011-22043114

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12

HELP LINE : 011-22043114
CS (Company Secretary)

With the increasing importance of Corporate Governance, the role
of a company secretary has become even more prominent over the
past couple of years. Any company/organization that has a paid-up
capital that exceeds Rs. 5 crores requires a company secretary to
administer legal matters of that company. This norm has been laid
down by the Companies Act.
A company secretary is one of the main officers on the board
members of any company. In order to pursue a company secretary
career, there are certain aspects that aspiring company secretaries
should be aware of. Few such aspects include- the eligibility conditions or who can pursue a career in this field, the types of company secretary courses offered, institutes extending these academic
programs, admission procedure, time of entrance examination
and finally the job prospects. Information about these important
aspects has been dealt with in this write up. Read on to know more
about each.

The Route to CS - Step-by-Step

The Institute of Company Secretaries of India or ICSI conducts the
company secretary course in 3 parts, namely, Foundation course,
Executive course, and Professional course.
Foundation Course

Foundation course.

Eligibility for Final/ Professional Course
After having qualified in the Executive course, a student is eligible
to study the final course.

Company Secretary Training

A Student has to undergo 15 months Management Training in
Companies sponsored by the Institute after passing the Executive
or Professional Programme or under the guidance of a Company
Secretary in Practice.
After qualifying Professional Examination and on successful completion of training a candidate is admitted as an Associate Member
of the ICSI and can use the letters ACS after his/her name i.e. Associate Company Secretary.
Admission to the CS Course is open throughout the year. Examinations are held twice a year in June & December.

New Syllabus ( 2013)

Students who register now onwards will have to write the exam
under the New Syllabus ( 2013).
For more details please visit the oďŹ&#x192;cial site of ICS1 www.icsi.edu

The minimum educational qualification required to apply for a
company secretary foundation course is 10+2 in any stream. Students who have appeared in their class XII exam and are waiting
for their results are also eligible for the course. However, the final year students have to produce pass certificate within 6 months
from the time of admission. After completing the Foundation
course, the students can apply for the Executive course. Examinations are conducted in June and December.

Executive Course

Graduates of all streams except Fine Arts are eligible for a company secretary executive course. Candidates who are qualified in
Foundation course and are below 17 years of age can also apply for
executive program.
ICAI and ICWAI students, graduates, post graduates can take direct admission into Executive without having the need to complete

The Route to CMA / ICWA - Step-by-Step
The Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India ( Now The
Institute of Cost Accountants of India) conducts the exam for the
ICWAI qualification. The foundation course of the ICWAI qualification is open to students completing the class 10+2 equivalent
examination in any discipline, once they complete 17 years of age.

There are three stages to pursue Cost
Accountant course :

FOUNDATION COURSE
Foundation course is an entry level exam of four subjects i.e. Accounting, Mercantile Laws, General Economics and Quantitative
Aptitude.
Minimum qualification is 10+2 examination or any examination
equivalent thereto, recognized by the Institute. Examinations are
conducted in June and December.

2014

Final Course

A student who have passed Intermediate Examination of the Institute are eligible for admission to Final Course.
New Syllabus ( 2012)
Students who register now onwards will have to write the exam
under the New Syllabus ( 2012).
For more details please visit the official site of CMA

HELP LINE : 011-22043114

A Cost Accountant (CMA/ICWA) is a professional accountant by
virtue of his/her being a member of the professional body of accountants conducting the cost accountancy course. The Institute
of Cost Accountants of India (ICAI/ICWAI) is a statutory body
that was set up to regulate the profession of cost accountants.
Cost accountants enjoy good employability across all industies, in
the private sector and the public sector and in the public sector, in
the government, in the financial services sector, in consulting, and
in academia. A cost accountant may also build up his own practice
by obtaining a license from the institute, which would enable him
to practice as a cost accountant.

any discipline other than Fine Arts/ Foundation (Entry Level) Part
I Examination of CAT of ICWAI/ Foundation (Entry Level) Part I
Examination and Competency Level Part II Examination of CAT
of ICWAI. Age-your age should be not be less than 18 years.

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14

PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
1.What is Capital?
Ans: The excess of assets over outsider liabilities of an enterprise
can be termed as capital.
2.Define Debtor?
Ans: A person, who owes money to business, due to any sales
made to him previously, is called debtor.
3.Define Creditor?
Ans: A person to whom business owes money, due to any purchase made from him previously, is called creditor.
4.A-L=C, stands for what?
Ans: This is an accounting
equation where
A stands for assets of entity
L stands for liabilities of
entity and
C stands for capital.
5.What is contra entry?
Ans: When both debit and
credit aspect of a transaction are recorded in the
same account but in different columns, each entry, whether in the debit
side/in the credit side shall
be deemed to be the contra entry of the other.
6.What is trial balance?
Ans: At the end of the financial year the balance of all the ledger accounts are extracted and a schedule is prepared to test
whether in fact, the total debit equals to total credit. This schedule of balances is called a trial balance.
7.What are the causes of depreciation?
Ans: The principal causes of depreciation are as followsWear and tear use
Effluxion of time
Depletion
Obsolescence
8.What is Re order level?
Ans: Re order Level is the quantity for a stock item. When Stockin-hand- reaches the quantity, you should place order for suppliers.
9.What stands for TDS?
Ans: TDS stands for Tax Deducted at Sources.
10.What are fictitious assets?
Ans: Fictitious assets are assets which are not visible, they are
imaginary assets, and they are not real.
13.What is discount?
Ans: A deduction made from the normal cost or purchase price
is called discount.
14.What is Intangible asset?
Ans: Intangible assets are defined as those non-monetary assets
that cannot be seen, touched or physically measured and which

2014

are created through time and/or effort.
15.What is EMI? How is it calculated?
Ans: EMI stands for Equated Monthly Installment. This installment comprises both interest and principal components.EMI
would be calculated depending on the tenure chosen to repay
loan. The EMI would be higher if you choose to repay within
shorter period as against a longer term loan.
16.What is overdraft?
Ans: When the account holder can withdraw more money from
a bank account than has been deposited,
it is called overdraft.
17. What do you mean by Flexi –Accounts?
Ans: Flexi-Accounts are nothing but a
combination of Fixed deposit and Savings deposit.
18. What is term loan?
Ans: Where a loan is generated for a fixed
period exceeding one year and is repayable according to a schedule of repayment as against on demand and at time
is known as a term loan.
19. What is Acid-Test Ratio?
Ans: Quick Assets/Quick Liabilities is
called Acid Test Ratio, where Quick Assets
mean current assets minus inventory and
Quick Liabilities means current liabilities
minus bank overdraft.
20. What is Debt/Equity Ratio?
Ans: This ratio indicates the proportion of debt to equity. In other words it is the relationship between borrowed loan and own
fund.
21.What is Proprietary Ratio?
Ans: It is the ratio of funds belonging to proprietors to the total
assets of the company.
22.What are the different modes of securities?
Ans: Banks provide credit on the basis of the following modes
of security:.a) Hypothecationb) Pledge.
24.What is D.D?
Ans:A Demand Draft is an instrument most banks in India use
for effecting transfer of money.
25.What are the reasons for dishonor of a cheque?
Ans: There can be various reasons for the dishonor of a cheque,
e.g.—
Insufficiency of funds in drawer’s account
Payment stopped by the drawer.
Discrepancies in the cheque.
Lapse of time.
Overwriting or crossing on the cheque.

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15

17. The builders receive non-refundable deposits and other
charges under the agreement such as electricity deposit, water charges, legal charges, development charges etc. Whether
such receipts will also form part of sale price for VAT?
Ans: The amounts which are received as deposits will be a
deduction to the extent
such amounts are actually
paid to other authorities.
18. In under construction
flats, the amounts are
received in installments.
How the sale price will
be determined? Whether
the actual receipts will
be taken as sales or the
whole of the agreement
value will be taken as sale
at the time of execution
of the agreement, even
though the amount is yet
to be received?
Ans: Received or receivable. Receivable means
due and payable.
19. Can the VAT applicable in above cases be collected by
raising a debit note or the same should be mentioned in the
agreement itself? Whether VAT should be collected on each
installment or at one go upon execution of the agreement?
Ans: Yes. It can be collected by raising a debit note. Specific
mention in the agreement is a choice of the contracting parties.
It will be payable on the installments received.
20. Whether any interest or penalty will be attracted for
non-registration with sales tax authorities under VAT and
non-submission of VAT returns for the transactions executed
for sale of flats / shops under construction between intervening
period i.e.20.06.2006 to 07.02.2007?
Ans: Please refer to circular 14T of 2012 Dt. 6th August, 2012.
21. What will be the VAT implications where mere advances are
received from buyers and agreement for sell is not executed
with the buyer?
Ans: There is no tax liability.
22. If a project based partnership firm is created for the project
which commenced in the year 2006 and completed in the year
2008 and stands dissolved as on today and the bank account is
also closed as of now, then what would be the legal implications
of producing the partnership deed that is already dissolved for
obtaining MVAT registration?
Ans: The developers have to provide evidence for the period
when the firm was in existence. The necessary instructions have
been issued to the registration authorities. Dealer may contact
to respective registration authority in this regard.
23. Whether a possession letter or letter from architect can be
termed as completion of building. Who is the proper authority
to grant the completion letter? Sometimes application for completion is made but completion is granted much later in such
case whether date of application is considered to be the date of
completion?
Ans: Whether sale is of a completed flat is to be ascertained
from books of accounts. Necessary clarification had been issued

2014

in Trade Circular 12 T of 2007 dt. 7/2/2007.
24. In the event where an agreement entered into is cancelled
and said flat is sold to someone else and the agreement is again
entered. What would be the VAT implication for the first sale
and the second one?
Ans: If the first sale of flat is cancelled
then the subsequent sale of the same
flat by the developer is taxable. The
tax paid on first sale can be adjusted
towards subsequent sale.
25. If builder constructs the flat on the
land which is owned by landowner
and out of the constructed flats some
flats are given to landowner and other
flats are sold by builder to prospective
buyer. Landowner sales the flat afterwards to buyers. In such instance what
will be the point of taxation? Whether
landowner is liable to pay the VAT on
sales of flats which were handed over
to him by builder?
Ans: Builder is liable to pay tax only in
respect of sale of flats to prospective
buyers. The flats which are given to landowners will not be taxable. The landowner when subsequently sales the flat will not
liable to pay any tax as he is not a dealer.
26. Out of the three different methods of tax working, the
builders/developers are given option to choose a method of
their choice with a restriction that method should be applied
to whole of the project concerned and no deviation is permitted. It may happen that in a project having execution period
of more than 2 years, there may be possibility that some flats
may have been sold before 31.03.2010 and some may be sold
after 31.03.2010. In that scenario, whether the flat purchasers
who have entered into an agreement after 31.03.2010 will be
entitled to pay VAT to the developers @ 1% of Agreement Value?
Ans: The composition scheme of 1% is applicable in respect of
agreement registered on or after 1st April 2010, irrespective of
the method adopted for periods prior to 01/04/2010. However,
set-off or deductions earlier claimed in respect of such agreements will have to be reversed.
27. Most of the development / redevelopment projects involve
purchase of Transferable Development Rights (TDR) as these
are related to land only, the cost of TDR should also be available
as deduction from sale price, along with cost of land.
Ans: Yes, the cost of TDR will be available for deduction from
sale price along with cost of land.

Brief summery in next editionâ&#x20AC;Śâ&#x20AC;Śâ&#x20AC;Ś

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16

About UPSC Civil Service Examination Schedule
•UPSC Advertise normally in the month of November / December in EMPLOYMENT NEWS December/
January/ February
•Preliminary Examination of objective type held every year between May and August.
•Preliminary examination result - July -October.
•Mains Examination Descriptive type test held in - November - December.
•Mains Examination result - MARCH
•Oral Interview (viva - voce ) APRIL-MAY at New Delhi.
•Final Result – MAY

HELP LINE : 011-22043114
2014

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HELP LINE : 011-22043114
2014

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18

HELP LINE : 011-22043114

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS [FAQs] ON TAXATION OF DEVELOPERS

Career in Commerce
It is the most popular career options in India. Commerce is

exchange of items of value and products between persons or
companies and any such exchange money for a product or service
is considered a deal of commerce. It is of one of the three fundamental academic streams, the other two being humanities and
science. While pursuing a course in the field of commerce, one
acquires the knowledge of business or trade, nature and fluctuations in market, basics of economics, fiscal policies, industrial
policies etc.
The concept of commerce consists of a wide range of interdisciplinary branches including Accountancy, Business Administration, E-Commerce, Finance, Economics and Marketing. Since the
Indian economy is one of the fastest growing economies among
the third world countries, the need for talented professionals, who
can contribute towards the growth of the economy, is i ncreasing. To serve the purpose, many commerce colleges in India are
imparting quality education. A commerce aspirant can pursue
course related to the field at any of the colleges and work in organizations that deal with finance and commerce.

→ Course Details

Several commerce colleges and institutes in India are imparting courses in the field of commerce at the undergraduate and
postgraduate levels. At the undergraduate level, one can pursue
Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com), a three-year full time program
and Master of Commerce (M.Com), at the postgraduate level. To

2014

be eligible for undergraduate course, the candidates have to pass
10+2 level examination in commerce stream, from any recognized
state/national Board. For the PG level program, one should have
done Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com), from any statutory University/Institute.

→ Career Prospects

After completing course in the field of commerce, a student can
join any private or government organization as a specialist in any
of the streams of commerce, such as economics, accountancy
or work as management executive, accounts executive, junior
accountant or pursue a career in auditing or banking.

→ Institutes Offering

Some of the top commerce colleges in India are Shri Ram College
of Commerce (SRCC) Delhi, Loyola College (Chennai), St Xavier’s College (Kolkata), Presidency College (Chennai), Symbiosis
Society’s College of Arts & Commerce (Pune), St. Joseph’s College
Bangalore, Narsee Monjee College, BM College of Commerce
(Pune) and St. Xavier’s Mumbai.

REMUNERATION
Remuneration in the field of commerce largely depends upon
the standard of organizations and the area of specialization.
Private and government organizations have their own policies
regarding salary of professionals working in the field of commerce..

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19

NOW, familiarise yourself with lucrative career options available for you after 12th for science, commerce and arts stream
and find out the best options that will suit your interests. There
are a variety of courses that are available out there for you
which can get you a good job with a comfortable pay scale
and perks, thereby enhancing your lifestyle. Below are some of
the best courses you can choose from.
RETAIL/ TELECOM SKILLS FOR JOBS COURSE

Skills for jobs (www.iasamgroup.com ) is the quickest way to
get a job in the retail and telecommunication sector after
your 10th/12th, by accessing training by experts on
your mobile phone/desktop. You get the freedom
to learn when you want. On
course completion, you get
a certification from Government of India. Complete
the course in a month and
get a job in best of retail
brands in less than two
months! Course details:
www.iasamgroup.com.

CHARTERED ACCOUNTANCY

Chartered Accountancy is an extremely admirable stream that
a 12th pass out commerce student can opt for. The Institute of
Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) regulates the enrolment
and certification of CA’s in India. After completion of the CA
program, aspirants can seek for jobs in big corporate houses
and hi-tech companies. There are various institutions which
conduct training for clearing exams for CA and CFA. If you
have an aptitude and interest in statistics accounts, this could
be the best career path for you.

LAW

Law is also one of the most popular and sought after careers.
The legal profession demands
within it a host of qualities
which are extremely essential for becoming a successful lawyer. After completion
of LLB/LLM courses you can
work as lawyers or legal consultants. You can also join judicial services by qualifying
competitive exams conducted by public service commissions. Lawyers can also work
independently as consultants in legal matters. Remuneration in legal professions
can also be quite attractive if a
firm base is laid out.

MANAGEMENT

For pursuing a management
course, you can go for BBA after
12th. Management courses are one
of the best courses to opt for as it provides the highest packages if you do it from a reputed college and have an aptitude for
it. A good management college will groom you for high paid
jobs which require a lot of responsibility and dedication.

IT SECTOR

IT sector is one of the most sought after sectors today and it
is one of the best careers to choose from after 12th. The salary perks and increment associated with this sector is increasing exponentially with each year. The academic programs for
such fields are BE in computers after your 12th in science. After
completion of an engineering course from a good college, you
can always get placed in a reputed IT company and kick start a
fruitful career in the sector.

MEDICAL

The medical field is one of the most popular and sought after
career after 12th. The fields of Medical studies have diﬀerent
branches and each branch has it specialization. You have the
choice of medicine, surgery, dental, ENT, cancer specialist,
Aids, brain, cardiac, neurology and lots more. Each branch is rewarding and has its own recognition. Getting through the top
medical colleges of India would require you to give entrances
which are extremely competitive and require utmost dedication. This is a vast area but the basic requirement is a professional degree from a reputed educational medical institute.

2014

JOB OPTIONS AFTER 12TH

Iasam group is offering short term job oriented courses after
12th. On completion of these courses, students will get a certification from iasam group and an opportunity to get a job in
different companies.
Students will also get access to free study material. Iasam
group will also provide free 3G/2G internet access so that students can access these courses even on their mobile phones
from any place. Not just this, there will also be a focus on personality development of the candidate and they would be exposed to systematic working strategies.
For those of you who want to try something other than the
medical and engineering field can consider the following options:
1. Career in Forensic Science
2. Career in Bio Technology
3. Career in Geology
4. Career in Zoology
5. Career in Food Technology
6. Career in Microbiology
7. Career in Textile
8. Career in Architecture
Have you found what you were looking for? We have something which may interest you, looking at growing queries we
are scheduling a FREE career counseling conference where
you can talk directly with expert on call and clear your doubts.
IF YOU ARE INTERESTED THEN SEND ‘CAREER’ TO 09268972567. We will
get back to you with conference date and time details.

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20

MEANING OF COMMERCE

Commerce is a branch of
business. It is concerned
with the exchange of
goods and services. It includes all those activities, which directly
or indirectly facilitate that exchange.
Commerce looks after the distribution aspect of the business.
Whatever is produced it must be consumed, to facilitate this
consumption there must be a proper distribution channel. Here
comes the need for commerce which is concerned with the
smooth buying and
selling of goods and
services.
Definition of Commerce
According to James
Stephenson,
“Commerce is an
organized
system
for the exchange of
goods between the
members of the industrial world.”
In a broader sense,
“Commerce is that
part of business
which is concerned
with the exchange of
goods and services
and includes all those
activities which directly or indirectly facilitate that exchange.”
Importance of Commerce
The importance of trade and commerce are mentioned in following points :1. Commerce tries to satisfy increasing human wants
Human wants are never ending. They can be classified as ‘Basic
wants’ and ‘Secondary wants’. Commerce has made distribution
and movement of goods possible from one part of the world
to the other. Today we can buy anything produced anywhere in
the world. This has in turn enabled man to satisfy his innumerable wants and thereby promoting social welfare.
2. Commerce helps to increase our standard of living
Standard of living refers to quality of life enjoyed by the members of a society. When man consumes more products his standard of living improves. To consume a variety of goods he must
be able to secure them first. Commerce helps us to get what we
want at right time, right place and at right price and thus helps
in improving our standard of living.
3. Commerce links producers and consumers
Production is meant for ultimate consumption. Commerce
makes possible to link producers and consumers through retailers and wholesalers and also through the aids to trade. Consumers get information about different goods through advertisements and salesmanship. The manufacturers are regularly

2014

informed about the likes
and dislikes of the consumers through marketing research. Thus commerce creates contact between the centers of production and consumption and links them.
4. Commerce generates employment opportunities
The growth of commerce, industry and trade bring about the
growth of agencies of trade such as banking, transport, warehousing, advertising, etc.
These agencies need people
to look after their functioning. Increase in production
results in increasing demand, which further results
in boosting employment
opportunities. Thus development of commerce generates more and more employment opportunities for
millions of people in a country.
5. Commerce increases national income and wealth
When production increases,
national income also increases. In a developed country,
manufacturing
industries
and commerce together accounts for nearly 80% of total national income. It also helps to
earn foreign exchange by way of exports and duties levied on
imports. Thus, commerce increases the national income and
wealth of a nation.
6. Commerce helps in expansion of aids to trade
With the growth in trade and commerce there is growing need
for expansion and modernization of aids to trade. Aids to trade
such as banking, communication, advertising and publicity,
transport, insurance, etc., are expanded and modernised for the
smooth conduct of commerce.
7. Commerce helps in growth of industrial development
Commerce looks after the smooth distribution of goods and services made available by the industry. Without commerce, industry will find it diﬃcult to keep the pace of production. It helps to
increase demand for goods on one hand and on the other hand
it helps industries by getting them the necessary raw materials
and other services. Hence, commerce helps in attaining better
division of labour and industrial progress.
8. Commerce encourages international trade
Through commerce we can secure a fair and equitable distribution of goods throughout the world. With the help of transport
and communication development, countries can exchange
their surplus commodities and earn foreign exchange, which is
very useful for importing machinery and sophisticated technology. It ensures faster economic growth of the country.

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9. Commerce benefits underdeveloped countries
Underdeveloped countries can import skilled labour
and technical know-how from developed countries.
While the advance countries can import raw materials
from underdeveloped countries. This helps in laying
down the seeds of industrialization in the underdeveloped countries.

Basic Accounting
Accounting Introduction & Definition : Accounting is recording
Financial transaction Summarizing them and communicating
the Financial information to users the proprietors, Creditors, investors, Government agencies, employees, etc. it is called the
language of Business.
According to the (AICPA) Accounting is the out of recording,
Classifying and summarizing in a Significant mann or and in
terms of money transaction and averts which are in a part at
least of a Financial character and interpreting the result there of.
Advantage of Accounting:
1.Financial information about Business : Financial Performance
during the accounting decide profit or cors and also the Financial position at the end of the accounting period is known
through accounting.
2.Assistance to Management : the management makes officers
on the Basic of accounting information.
3.Replaces Memory: A, Systematic and timely recording of transaction obviates. The necessity to remember the transactions.
The accounting record provides the necessary Information.
4.Facilitates Settlement of tax Liabilities : A systematic Accounting record immensely helps settlement of Income tax, Sale tax,
VAT, and excise duty liabilities since. It is a goods evidence of the
correctness of transaction.
5.Facilitates Coons : Coans is granted by the beach and Financial
institution on the basic of growth potential which is supported
by the performance accounting makes available the information

2014

10. Commerce helps during emergencies
During emergencies like floods, earthquakes and wars,
commerce helps in reaching the essential requirements
like foodstuff, medicines and relief measures to the
affected areas

with respect to performance.
6.Evidence in Court : Systematic record of transaction is often accepted by the courts as good evidence.
Users of Accounting
Users of Accounting information may be categorized into internal users. And external users.
Internal Users:
Owners: Owners. Contribute capital in the Business and thus
are exposed to maximum risk. Naturally they are interested in
knowing the profit earned or loss suďŹ&#x20AC;ered by the Business besides. The safety of their capital. The financial Statements gives
the information about profit or loss and financial position of the
Business.
Managements : The managements makes extensive use of accounting information to are risk at informed Decision such as
determination of selling Price. Cost Control and reduction investment in to new projects etc.

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Employee and works: Employee and works are entitle to bonus
at the year end, which is Linked to profit earned by an enterprises. Therefore the employees and workers are interested in
financial statemants.
External Users
Batch and Financial
Institutions: Bank and
Financial institutions
are an essential part
of any Business as they
Provide Loans to the
Busineses.
Investors and Potential
Investors : Investment
investors risk and also
the investors do not
have direct control
over the Business affairs therefore they
rely on the accounting
information available
to them and seek answers to the question
such as what is the
earning capitally of the
enterprises and how safe is their investment ?
Creditors : Creditors are those parties who supply goods or services on credit it is a common. Business Practice that a large
amount of suppliers. Remains invested in credit sales- Before
granting credit, creditors, stisfy themselves about the credit
worthiness of Business. The financial statement help them immensely in making such as assessment.
Researchers : Researchers use accounting information In their
research work.
Public : They want to see the Business running since it makes
substaintial contribute to the economy in many weys. Employment of people patronage to suppliers etc thus financial information to various users group for Decision making.
Accounting Principles:
1.
Accounting Entity or Business Entity Principle : According to the Business entity Principal, Business is considered
to be separate and district from its owners. Business transaction therefore are recorded in the books of accounts. From the
Business paint of view and not owners. Owners being considered separate and district from business they are considered
creditors of the Business to the extent of their capital.
2.
Money Measurement Principal : According to the
money measurement Principal transaction and event that can
be measured in money terms are recorded in the books of account of the extended in the other words money is the common denominator in recording and reporting all transactions.
Consider that enterprise has Rs. 10,000 cash 6, tones of raw material 6 tracks and 10000 sq. yards cand. These assets. Cannot
be added and shown in the financial statements unless their
monetary value is ascertained.

2014

3.
Accounting Desired Principal : According to the accounting desired principle the life of enterprise are maintained
following the gaing concern concepts.
4.
Materiality Principle : The materiality Principle refers.
To the relative importance of an
item or an event according to the
American accounting association,
an item should be regarded as material if share is a reason to belive
that knowledge of it would influence. The decision of an internal
investor.
5.
Prudence or conservation
Principal: the prudence Principal in
mony a times described using the
phrase donat anticipate a profit
but provide for all possible cases
the application of this concept for
all possible ensure that the financial statement present a realistic
picture of the state of affairs. Of the
enterprise and do not paint a better picture than what actually is for
example closing stach. Is valued at
lower of cost or net realizable value
or making the provision for doubtful
debts and Discount on debtors is anticipation of actual bad
debts and Discounts.
6.
Cost concept or historical cost: According to the cost
concept an assets is recorded in the boods of account at the
price paid to acquire it and the cost is sthe basic for all subsequent accounting of the assets.
Accounting Process : Based on the main attributes of accounting we may list the step accounting process as fallows.
(1)
Financial transaction
(2)
Recording
(3)
Classifying
(4)
Summarising
(5)
Analysing and interpretig
(6)
Communicating
(i)Financial transaction if should be
(ii)Recorded
(a)
Cash book
(b)
Parchase Book
(c)
Sales Book
(d)
Purchase Retern Book
(e)
Sales Retern Book
(f )
Bills Payable Book
(g)
Bills recivable book
(h)
Journal Proper
(iii)
Classifying (Poshing into Cedger)
(iv)
Summarising
Trail Balance
Trading & Profit & Loss A/c
Balance Sheet
(v)
analysis and interpretation
(vi)
Communicating to the users

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INFORMATION ON GRAMMAR PERTAINING TO ENGLISH

In order to obtain English fluency for

ESL students, studying grammar can slow your progress down significantly. Basic grammar is a necessity, but focusing on grammar
will prevent you from being able to speak English fluently in a reasonable time frame. Grammar is most effective to improve communication and writing skills, but this only pertains to those who
have a solid foundation in English fluency.
If you are studying for an exam or want to learn the details of grammar rules, you can study our grammar section at English Grammar
Basics.
One commonality among everyone in the whole world is that they
learned to speak before they learned grammar. Speaking is the
first step for any English learner. So if you are a novice at English,
please focus on your speaking and listening skills prior to studying
grammar. After being able to speak English fluently, you will realize
how much easier grammar is. But it does not work the other way
around. Being fluent in English speaking will help you with your
grammar studies, but studying grammar will NOT help you with
your speaking.
In this article, the four most basic grammar topics are explained,
which consists of 1) subject, 2) predicate, 3) verb, and 4) article.
This is the absolute minimum you should know. After you become
comfortable with speaking, then you can study more advanced
grammar topics. For now, please review and study the four items
described below.

What is a subject?

The subject in a sentence is “who” or “what” you are talking about.
Every sentence needs a subject. If you don’t have a subject, then the
sentence is incorrect and nobody will understand what you are

2014

talking about.
In other languages, the subject is not always required. Verbally, the
person listening to you will understand what you are talking about,
so a subject is not required. In English, a subject is always required.
Here are examples of small sentences with the subject underlined.
“I am hungry”
“My brother is very smart”
“That computer is very expensive”
“We are going to the store now”
“My sister and I will be waiting here”
“The building is very big”
“When are you going to eat lunch?”
“Why are they waiting in line?”
“Who is going to take you to the store?”

What is a predicate?

The predicate in a sentence is the section that informs the person
what the subject is or what it is doing. It is a phrase that contains a
verb. The verb is always in the predicate.
Let’s look at the sentences we used in the subject lesson to identify
the predicates. They will be underlined.
“I am hungry”
“My brother is very smart”
“That computer is very expensive”
“We are going to the store now”
“The building is very big”
In the above short sentences, we have identified the subject and
predicate. In the most basic sentences, you need a subject and an
action associated with the subject. Let’s go on to verbs to understand this in more detail.

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24

What is a verb?

used.

A verb is an action, existence, or occurrence. In the simple sentences we used so far, the verb is mostly in the existence form.
They are “am”, “is”, and “are”.

“A” and “An” have the same meaning. They are both indefinite articles. They are only different depending on what word or sound
is following. Here is a brief explanation.
You should use “A” when the following word starts with a consonant.

Other types of verbs are action verbs such as:
Wash,Run,Walk,Throw,Jump,Dance,Laugh,Learn,Teach
There are many action verbs, but I only listed a few to let you
know what I am referring to. Here are some sentences to help
you understand.
“I need to wash my face”
“Jane taught Jill”
“Mike is laughing”
A verb can also start at the beginning of the sentence.
“Throw the ball at the catcher”
“Run towards the finish line”
It is important to understand the verb, but having just a subject
and a verb is not sufficient. For example, “Jill run” is not a complete sentence. Although Jill can be the subject, and “run” is the
verb, this is not a complete sentence. That is why the previous
lesson on predicate is important. With the predicate, we can turn
the sentence into a proper sentence. “Jill is running”

What is an Article?

“A dog...”
“A boy...”
“A building...”
“A hamburger...”
You should use “An” when the following starts with a vowel
sound.
“An eagle...”
“An umbrella...”
“An elephant...”
“An awesome book...”
“The” is a definite article. The diﬀerence is if the noun or subject
you are talking about is specific or not. Examples are the best
way to understand the difference, so let’s take a look.
If you say, “I am going to a library to study”, then the person you
are speaking with does not know which library. If you say, “I am
going to the library to study”, then the person you are speaking
with knows the specific library you are going to.

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graduate socially responsible future technologists and business leaders with good
communications skills, problem solving
skills and an entrepreneurial spirit with a
commitment to economic development.
With a strong multidisciplinary knowledge
base, graduates of GU will be well prepared
to succeed in an increasingly competitive
global economy.
With a focus on multidisciplinary research
and education and a learning model that
emphasizes active learning, GU aspires to be
globally known for innovation at the intersection of disciplines. GUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bold vision builds
upon over a decade of excellence of Galgotias Institutions in engineering and business
education. Galgotias Institutions have been
nationally ranked by India Today, Business
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was recently recognized by Dun and Bradstreet as a leading business school in India.
With a 100% placement record for the last
four years supported by multinational firms
like Accenture, Hewitt, IBM, Infosys, Nokia,
and Samsung, Galgotias Institutions have
earned the respect of top performers in the
industry.
We invite you to visit our campus in Greater
Noida and inquire about the programs
and activities that interest you.

2014

www.newsexplanation.com

28

FORM HANDLING IN SERVLET
Most of web applications are used to handle the incoming request of user through a client i.e. web browser. Request generated
from browser is a standard HTTP protocol request. Browser renders a request according to HTTP protocol and sends request to
server. Request contains header and data that is processed by server. Server that handles request has inbuilt capability to understand HTTP request and server starts to parse it. When server processes any request, it gets header and data and intercepts them
properly. Server implements a procedure that is used to accept the request and to create response for that request.
One of the nice features of Java servlets is that all of this form parsing is handled automatically. You simply call the getParameter
method of the HttpServletRequest, supplying the parameter name as an argument. Note that parameter names are case sensitive.
You do this exactly the same way when the data is sent via GET as you do when it is sent via POST. The return value is a String coresponding to the uudecoded value of the first occurrence of that parameter name. An empty String is returned if the parameter
exists but has no value, and null is returned if there was no such parameter. If the parameter could potentially have more than one
value, as in the example above, you should call getParameterValues instead of getParameter. This returns an array of strings. Finally,
although in real applications your servlets probably have a specific set of parameter names they are looking for, for debugging purposes it is sometimes useful to get a full list. Use getParameterNames for this, which returns an Enumeration, each entry of which
can be cast to a String and used in a getParameter call.

Computer Tips & Tricks Everyone Should Know
Many hardcore computer users might think themselves above learning new tricks, but there’s always new things to
learn that will help improve your skills. Our bet: you will find at least one useful thing here that you didn’t know
before.
Inspired and with the help of this Ask Reddit discussion, we’ve compiled some of the most handy computer tricks
you might not be taking advantage of. Our ultimate goal is to help you become more productive by shaving valuable seconds off your workflow. Of course, you can always pass along these tips to your not-so-savvy friends and
family members to help them become better PC users as well.
General Tricks
Windows hidden “god mode” folder Windows offers a centralized Control Panel for all of the OS settings, which makes it easy
for users to tweak everything from desktop background to setting up a VPN. To enter this mode, create a new folder with this
exact name (copy and paste it): God Mode.{ED7BA470-8E54465E-825C-99712043E01C}. The folder icon will change to a
Control Panel-style icon, and you will be able to jump in and
change all kinds of settings. Note: Don’t try this on Windows
Vista 64-bit as it’s known to cause a reboot loop.

Dropbox, Google Drive, or any of the other popular cloud storage solution which will do the legwork for you on the background. Of course, you can also throw the files on a thumb
drive or external HDD just to be safe but backing up to the
cloud can be done seamlessly which is twice the advantage.

Use Problem Steps Recorder This handy tool automatically records any mouse clicks and takes screenshots for you. If you
need tech assistance with your computer, go to Run by typing
Windows + R, and then type “psr.” Use the tool and by the time
you are finished, you can send this information, neatly compiled automatically, to the person helping you with the issue.
It will make the process of finding the problem much easier for
them, which means you will be able to get your system up and
running faster.

Move Cursor to beginning of the next or previous word Moving the cursor around manually while typing is a great way to
make your work take longer than it needs to. To speed of the
process, move the cursor around with keyboard shortcuts. To
move it to the beginning of the previous word, use CTRL + Left
Arrow. To move it to the beginning of the next word, use CTRL
+ Right Arrow. In OS X you can accomplish the same using the
Option key.

Find/Delete large files wasting space A handy tool called
WinDirStat (Windows Directory Statistics) can be used to easily find which files and folders are taking up the most space on
your drive. From there, you can delete them and open up a ton
of storage space.
Reduce the number of programs running at startup If your PC
is taking too long to boot, it’s probably because you have far
too many programs running at startup. Reducing this is easy,
it will make your PC launch noticeably faster and lighter upon
first load. To change the items running at startup, go to Run using the hotkey Windows key + R, and type “msconfig.” A small
window will appear (see the screen shot below), select the
Startup tab. From here you will be able to turn off many startup programs, which can shave several seconds (or minutes) off
your boot time. (Note Windows 8 has moved this functionality
to the Task Manager). Try to make sure you research what you
are turning off as some processes might be needed by third
party programs or drivers you have installed.
Cloud backup important files If you’re working on a critical paper for school, work, or any other major project, make sure you
are backing up the file not just locally. You can use services like

2014

Typing Tricks
Delete an entire word Instead of deleting a single letter, pressing CTRL + BKSP will delete the entire word behind the cursor.
This makes deleting text quicker if you screw up a whole word.

Making sub and superscript text If you need to make sub or
superscript text (think exponents for superscript), press CTRL +
= for subscript and CTRL + SHIFT + = for superscript.
Paste plain text of what was copied When you copy text from
any source, programs will usually copy any formatting that
comes with it. To paste this as plain text, press CTRL + Shift +
V instead of the standard CTRL + V, and the system will paste
unformatted text.
Note that many programs follow this parameter (Chrome, Firefox, etc.) but not all, particularly Microsoft programs like Word
or Outlook. For those there’s a few alternatives that go beyond
copying and pasting in Notepad: 1) CTRL + ALT + V will show
a ‘paste special’ dialog box. 2) CTRL + Spacebar will remove
formatting in already pasted text. 3) Download Puretext and
choose a hotkey to always paste plain text with it.
Keyboard Shortcuts
Copy only active window to clipboard Normally, the Print
Screen key copies the entire display (or two displays if you
got them), ALT + Print Screen only copies the currently active
window to the clipboard. Whether taking a screenshot to diagnose a problem, or just because you want to show something
to a friend, this will come in handy.

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31

Fix those little mistakes Did you know you can undo almost any
action? CTRL + Z is the ultimate hot key, and for sure you knew
about it already, however note that undo doesn’t just apply to typing. If you accidentally delete or move a file, you can hit CTRL + Z
to bring it right back to where it was. In Chrome and Firefox you
can also undo closing a tab using CTRL + SHIFT + T.
Cycle through open windows Pressing ALT+TAB allows you to
cycle through currently open windows. This makes switching back
and forth between running processes quick and painless. If you
want a more stylish method of cycling through open programs,
Windows + TAB will do the job for you.
Interrupt all processes CTRL + ALT + Delete is one of the most
common PC shortcuts, and one almost everyone is familiar with.
The important thing to note is that it interrupts all processes,
including the one that is bogging down your system, which can
mean the difference between needing to restart or not.
Close the current program Typing ALT + F4 will close the program that is running. This is useful as it saves you time mousing
over the “X” and clicking. People will often use this as a joke, telling you to press ALT + F4 to fix a problem. Don’t fall for it unless
you want to close what you are doing.
Minimize all windows Sometimes you have a bunch of stuﬀ running, and you want it all to go away so you can get to the desktop.
Simply pressing Windows + D will minimize everything you have
up, which will save you some time pressing the minimize button
for each window. It should be noted that Windows + M offers similar functionality, but there is no undoing, so Windows + D is the
more favorable approach.
Open the task manager directly If you want to bypass the interrupt
that happens when pressing CTRL + ALT + DEL and jump right to
the task manager, typing CTRL + Shift + ESC launches it directly.
Close the current window/tab Stick of moving all the way to that
X button? Press CTRL + W and the current window will close.
(Don’t do it now, or you will miss the rest of the tricks!)
Bring up the system information window This is so much quicker
than digging this out the traditional way... Just press Windows +
Pause/Break and the System Information panel will be ready to go.
This might be the only use for the Pause/Break key you will ever
find, so enjoy it!
Better multiple monitor control There are several useful keyboard
shortcuts for controlling open windows on multiple monitors.
Pressing the Windows Key + Arrow Keys will cause a window to
quickly snap to each side of either monitor. Alternatively, hitting
Shift + Windows Key + Arrows will cause the window to jump to
the other monitor. Lastly, pressing Windows + P will allow you to
quickly set up a second display or projector.
Web Browsing Tricks
Automatically add www. and .com to a URL You can shave oﬀ a
couple of seconds typing in a URL by simply click CTRL + Enter
after you type the name of the site. Need .net instead of .com, press

2014

CTRL + Shift + Enter instead.
Jump to address bar There are a number of ways to jump right to
the address bar from anywhere in browser. Pressing CTRL + L, F6,
and ALT + D all accomplish this goal.
Bring back a closed tab We covered this already, but it’s super useful. Accidentally closed a tab? Simply press CTRL + Shift + T to
reopen the most recently closed tab and get back to what you were
doing.
Use private browsing The uses for not having cookies and history
saved are obvious for certain activities, you know, like shopping
for gifts on a shared computer (of course!). Pressing CTRL + Shift
+ N will launch a new private in Chrome, CTRL + Shift + P will do
it in Firefox and Internet Explorer.
Cycle through open tabs Pressing CTRL + TAB while in a browser
will flip between each one. This can be much faster than moving
the mouse and clicking on a tab. CTRL + NUM (1, 2, 3, 4, n..) will
also take you to certain tab in that numeric order.
File Management Tricks
Rename a file quickly Right-clicking and selecting rename is not
very efficient. Instead, simply press F2 while a file is selected to
change its name. To alter the name of another file, type TAB without deselecting the current file.
Rename files sequentially in Windows You actually don’t need to
download any programs to perform a batch file rename in Windows. Instead, you can select all the files you want to change, rightclick the first one in the list, select rename (or use F2), and type in
the name. This will automatically change all the other files with the
same root name with a suffix: (1), (2), and so on.
Select multiple files using the keyboard To select a bunch of files
using your keyboard, you can press Shift + down arrow to select
a single file or Shift + Page Down to select a large group of files at
one time.
Security Tips
Run programs on an infected PC Often times, malware will prevent a computer from running certain programs. Changing the
name of the .exe file can often override this. If that doesn’t work,
changing the extension to .com is another useful alternative, and
the program will still be able to run in spite of the extension change.
Read installers Even major programs can install toolbars and other
unwanted pieces of software during installation. Take a few seconds to read each step to make sure you are not agreeing to install
something other than the program you were actually seeking. Far
too often people just push next over and over, and end up with a
browser covered in various search bars that just aren’t needed. In
the worst of scenarios, these can have nefarious intentions.
Lock your computer if you get up Sick of your “friends” going onto
your computer at work or home and posting things on your Facebook/Twitter page on your behalf? It’s certainly an annoyance, but
an easy one to prevent. Windows + L will lock your system right
away, requiring a password (if you’ve set one) to log in again.

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32

What is Science’s Definition ?
The word science comes from the Latin “scientia,” meaning
knowledge.

sified along two major lines:

How do we define science? According to Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary, the definition of science is “knowledge at-

Natural sciences, the study of the natural world, and
Social sciences, the systematic study of human behavior and
society.

tained through study or practice,” or “knowledge covering general truths of the operation of general laws, esp. as obtained
and tested through scientific method [and] concerned with the
physical world.”

The Different Fields of Science

What does that really mean? Science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge. This system uses observation and experimentation to describe and explain natural phenomena.
The term science also refers to the organized body of knowledge people have gained using that system. Less formally, the
word science often describes any systematic field of study or
the knowledge gained from it.
What is the purpose of science? Perhaps the most general description is that the purpose of science is to produce useful
models of reality.
Most scientific investigations use some form of the scientific
method. Find out more about the scientific method.
Science as defined above is sometimes called pure science to
differentiate it from applied science, which is the application of
research to human needs. Fields of science are commonly clas-

2014

This is just a partial listing of some of the many, many different
possible fields of study within science. Many of the fields listed
here overlap to some degree with one or more other areas.

Environmental Science Meteorology
Geodesy
Oceanography
Geography
Paleontology
Geology
Seismology
of particles ranging in size from quarks to
stars and at times scales from femtoseconds to millions of years.

Knowledge

So what does all this mean? It means
that science does not presently, and
probably never can, give statements of
absolute eternal truth - it only provides
theories. We know that those theories
will probably be refined in the future, and
some of them may even be discarded in
favor of theories that make more sense
in light of data generated by future scientists. However, our present theories
are our best available explanations of the
world. They explain, and have been tested against, a vast amount of information.
Consider some of the information against
which we’ve tested our theories:
We’ve examined the DNA, cells, tissues,
organs, and bodies of thousands if not
millions of species of organisms, from
bacteria to cacti to great blue whales, at
scales from electron microscopy to global ecology.
We’ve examined the physical behaviour

2014

Nuclear physics
Optics

We’ve characterized the 90 or so chemical elements that occur naturally on earth
and several more that we’ve synthesized.
We’ve poked at nearly every rock on the
earth’s surface and drilled as much as six
miles into the earth to recover and examine more.
We’ve used seismology to study the
earth’s internal structure, both detecting
shallow faults and examining the behavior of the planet’s core.
We’ve studied the earth’s oceans with
dredges, bottles, buoys, boats, drillships,
submersibles, and satellites.
We’ve monitored and sampled Earth’s
atmosphere at a global scale on a minute-by-minute basis.

We’ve personally explored the surface of
our moon and brought back rocks from
there, and we’ve sampled a huge number
of meteorites to learn more about matter
from beyond our planet.
We will do more in the centuries to come,
but we’ve already assembled a vast array
of information on which to build the theories that are our present scientific understanding of the universe.
This leaves people with a choice today.
One option is to accept, perhaps with
some skepticism, the scientific (and only
theoretical) understanding of the natural
world, which is derived from all the observations and measurements described
above. The other option, or perhaps an
other option, is to accept traditional understandings3 of the natural world developed centuries or even millennia ago
by people who, regardless how wise or
well-meaning, had only sharp eyes and
fertile imaginations as their best tools.

We’ve scanned outer space with telescopes employing radiation ranging in
wavelength from infrared to X-rays, and
we’ve sent probes to examine both our
sun and the distant planets of our solar
system.

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34

Time and Distance Questions

80%

1. How many minutes does Aditya take to cover a distance of
400 m, if he runs at a speed of 20 km/hr
115min
215min
315min
415min
2. A cyclist covers a distance of 750 meter in 2 minutes 30 seconds. What is the speed in km/hr of cyclist
16 km/hr
17 km/hr
18 km/hr
19 km/hr
3. A car moves at 80 km/hr. What is the speed of the car in meters per second ?
2029msec
2229msec
2429msec
2629msec
4. An athlete runs 200 meters in 24 seconds. His speed is ?
10 km/hr
17 k/hr 27 km/hr
30 km/hr
5. A person crosses a 600 meter long street in 5 minutes. What
is the speed in Km/hr
6.2 km/hr
7.2 km/hr
8.2 km/hr
9.2 km/hr
6. A man is walking at the rate of 5 km/hr crosses a bridge in 15
minutes. The length of the bridge is
1000 meters
1050 meters
1200 meters 1250 meters
7. A train covers a distance in 50 minutes, if it runs at a speed of
48kmph on an average. Find the speed at which the train must
run to reduce the time of journey to 40 minutes.
50 km/hr
60 km/hr
65 km/hr
70 km/hr

BAR CHARTS QUESTIONS

The bar graph given below shows the foreign exchange reserves of a country (in million US $) from
1991-92 to 1998-99

90%

100%

110%

3. For which year, the percent increase of foreign exchange reserves over the previous year is the highest
?
1994-95
`1995-96
1998-99
1992-93
4. The foreign exchange reserves in 1996-97 were
approximately what percent of the average foreign
exchange reserves over the period under review ?
80%
100%
125%
130%
5. The ratio of the number of years, in which the foreign exchange reserves are above the average reserves, to those in which the reserves are below the
average is:
3:5
2:3
4:7
3:7

Pipes and Cisterns Questions

1. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 20 and 30 minutes respectively. If both the pipes are used together,
then how long it will take to fill the tank ?
10 mins
12 mins
15 mins
20 mins
2. A cistern can be filled by a tap in 4 hours while it can
be emptied by another tap in 9 hours. If both the taps
are opened simultaneously, then after how much time
cistern will get filled ?
7 hours
7.1 hours
7.2 hours
7.3 hours
3. A tap can fill a tank in 6 hours. After half the tank is
filled then 3 more similar taps are opened. What will
be total time taken to fill the tank completely.
2 hours 30 mins 2 hours 45 mins 3 hours 30 mins
3 hours 45 mins

1. The foreign exchange reserves in 1997-98 was how
many times that in 1994-95
1.5
2
3.5
2.6
2. What was the percentage increase in the foreign
exchange reserves in 1997-98 over 1993-94 ?

2014

4. A water tank is two-fifth full. Pipe A can fill a tank
in 10 minutes and pipe B can empty in 6 minutes. If
both the pipes are open, how long will it take to empty
or fill the tank completely ?
6 min to empty 7 min to full 6 min to full 7 min to
empty
5. Pipe A can fill a tank in 5 hours, pipe B in 10 hours
and pipe C in 30 hours. If all the pipes are open, in how
many hours will the tank be filled ?
2.5 hours
2 hours
3.5 hours
3 hours

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35

Geography Questions

1. Study of the Universe is known as ?
Sociology
Cosmology Universology Petology

4. Indus people were first to produce cotton in the
world ?
TRUE
FALSE

1. Rivers Tigris and Euphrates are associated with ?
Mesopotamian Civilization Egyptain Civilization
Harappan Civilization
Chinese Civilization
2. Which is considered as oldest civilization of the
world ?
Mesopotamian Civilization Egyptain Civilization
Harappan Civilization
Chinese Civilization
3. Which among following is called â&#x20AC;&#x153;Gift of the Nileâ&#x20AC;? ?
China
India
Iraq
Egypt
4. Who is considered as the master of Greek comedy ?
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Aristophanes Philip

6. Who is known as the father of Modern Medicine ?
Euclid Pythagoras
Hippocrates Erastosthenes
7. Rome was founded around ?
1000 BC
1200 BC
1400 BC

1600 BC

2. Which was the largest site of Indus Civilization ?
Mohenjodaro
Lothal
Chanhudaro
Dholavira
3. Which was the largest Indian site of Indus Civilization ?
Mohenjodaro
Lothal
Chanhudaro
Dholavira
2014

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36

Statement and Arguments Questions

Each of the following questions consists of a statement
followed by two arguments I and II.
(A) If only argument I is strong
(B) If only argument II is strong
(C) If either I or II is strong
(D) If neither I nor II is strong and
(E) If both I and II are strong.
1. Statement: Should the railways immediately stop
issuing free passes to all its employees?
Arguments:
I. No. The employees have the right to travel free.
II. Yes. This will help railways to provide better facility.
Only argument I is strong
Only argument II is strong
Either I or II is strong
Neither I nor II is strong
Both I and II are strong
2. Statement : Should number of holidays of government employees be reduced ?
Arguments : I. Yes. Our government employees are
having maximum number of holidays among the other countries of the world.
II. Yes. It will lead to increased productivity of government offices.
Only argument I is strong
Only argument II is strong
Either I or II is strong
Neither I nor II is strong
Both I and II are strong
3. Statement : Should there be reservation of seats and
posts on communal basis ?
Arguments :
I. Yes. It will check most of the inter-communal biases.
II. No. Ours is a secular state.
Only argument I is strong
Only argument II is strong
Either I or II is strong
Neither I nor II is strong
Both I and II are strong
4. Statement : Should government stop spending huge
amounts of money on international sports ?
Arguments :
2014

I. Yes. This money can be
utilised for poor.
II. No. Sports-persons will be frustrated and will not
get international exposure.
Only argument I is strong
Only argument II is strong
Either I or II is strong
Neither I nor II is strong
Both I and II are strong
5. Statement : Should education be made compulsory
for all children up to the age of 14 ?
Arguments :
I. Yes. This will help to eradicate the system of forced
employment of children.
II. Yes. This would increase the standard of living.
Only argument I is strong
Only argument II is strong
Either I or II is strong
Neither I nor II is strong
Both I and II are strong
6. Statement : Should the tuition fees in all post graduate courses be hiked considerably ?
Arguments :
I. Yes. This will bring some kind of seriousness among
the students and will improve quality.
II. No. This will force the meritorious poor students to
stay away from post-graduate courses.
Only argument I is strong
Only argument II is strong
Either I or II is strong
Neither I nor II is strong
Both I and II are strong
7. Statement: Should students union in universities be
abolished ?
Arguments :
I. Yes. Students can pay full attention to their career
development.
II. No. All the great leaders had been students union
leaders.
Only argument I is strong
Only argument II is strong
Either I or II is strong
Neither I nor II is strong
Both I and II are strong

Ram Vilas Paswan, BJP seal deal, change Bihar
NEW DELHI: BJP and LJP leader Ram Vilas Paswan sealed a
seat-sharing pact in Bihar that will see Paswan’s group contesting
seven Lok Sabha seats, a development that marks the much-travelled politician’s return to the NDA-fold.
Paswan surfaced on Wednesday after keeping Congress, RJD and
BJP on tenterhooks for the last few days and announced that his
options are open. “Opinion in LJP is not against going with BJP. In
our party’s interests we need to take tough decisions,” he said.
The nitty gritty of the pact saw Paswan agree to contest on seats
that are not currently being held by the BJP. The decision is bound
to cause heart burn among BJP hopefuls, but the party is pleased
with the bargain.
Paswan is seen to command the loyalty of a dalit community that
is assertive and can add three-four per cent votes to BJP’s base that
includes upper castes and some middle castes as well.
Paswan prepared the ground for breaking with Congress and RJD
by saying he was made a measly offer of a few seats. But his decision
to make up with BJP after having quit the NDA cabinet over the
Gujarat 2002 riots seems driven by the assessment that saﬀron PM
hopefulNarendra Modi is gaining traction in Bihar.
Paswan’s switch helps BJP counter criticism that Modi’s projection
as PM has isolated the party as sources point to Asom Gana Parishad leader Prafulla Mahanta’s statement on Wednesday that he does
not rule in or rule out a tie-up with BJP.
Mahanta along with BJD leader Naveen Patnaik stayed away from
a third front inaugural on Tuesday and the Odisha CM’s posture is
seen to reflect a convergence with BJP on seeing Congress as the
common enemy.

2014

“There is no seat sharing with BJD, but we can work in our own
ways to contain Congress,” said a BJP leader about the Odisha
scene.
BJP leaders feel the party has a satisfactory understanding with
Paswan, and talks have centred around the need to select “clean”
candidates. Though CBI is threatening to question Paswan in an
appointments scam, the process will not be complete until the elections.
In Tamil Nadu, BJP is striving to stitch up an alliance with smaller
parties like PMK and DMDK besides MDMK leader Vaiko who is
already in NDA.
Paswan’s return is significant as he had quit the NDA over the Gujarat 2002 riots, although he was also unhappy over being removed
from the telecom ministry when he was in the Vajpayee government.
A party leader close to Paswan said, “We have reached an understanding but have had to cede the choice to BJP. It’s a last minute
alliance and BJP has already finalised candidates for more seats. We
did not have much room to negotiate on the choice of seats. But we
are not disappointed, the allocation is respectable.”
Sources, however, said there is an agreement on LJP contesting
from Vaishali, Hajipur, Jamui, Samastipur and Khagaria.
Paswan’s son Chirag who is also the chairman of party’s Parliamentary board, said, “LJP Parliamentary Board has passed a resolution
that all steps, even if they are strong ones, should be taken in the
interest of the party and if an alternative alliance is to be firmed up,
party chief Ram Vilas Paswan should take the decision.”

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41

SAHARA INDIA PARIWAR’S SUBRATA ROY SURRENDERS OVER REPAYMENT
OF LOANS

Subrata Roy, owner of the financial services group Sahara India Pariwar, surrendered to police after India’s top
court issued a warrant in a probe into over whether he failed to refund 240 billion rupees (HK$30 billion) to his depositors.
Roy, 65, was co-operating with the court’s directive, his son Seemanto Roy said in New Delhi yesterday. The financier defied a summons and failed to appear in court on Wednesday, prompting a non-bailable arrest warrant. In a statement issued yesterday, Roy
cited the need to be at his ailing mother’s bedside.
Roy, who began operations in 1978 by going door to door to collect small cash deposits, is seeking to convince the top court that
Sahara has complied with an order to refund the loans to 30 million depositors.
In June 2011, India’s market regulator alleged two of his companies sold convertible debt without approval.
The financier, who calls himself “Sahara Sri”, is part of the US$670 billion shadow banking industry in Asia’s third-largest economy.
Roy earlier dismissed reports in newspapers that he was evading arrest after police, seeking to serve the warrant, could not find
him at his house. “I am not that human being who will abscond,” Roy said yesterday in a media statement, explaining he had left
his house in Lucknow to consult doctors on his mother’s medical reports when the police were looking for him. “I’ve started hating
myself. Now, I can’t handle this level of agony and humiliation. They are bullying and indulging in character assassination.”
Sahara says the 31,675 cartons of documents in 128 trucks it had sent to the Securities and Exchange Board of India proved it had
repaid the money. Lawyers for the market watchdog have told the court the paperwork was muddled and the paper trails often led
nowhere.
In his statement, Roy said he had sought house arrest until Monday, which is the next hearing date.
Over the past 35 years, Roy has built an empire that at the end of 2012 was valued at US$11 billion by collecting amounts as small as
32 US cents from rickshaw pullers and laundry washers.

2014

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42

NAVY CHIEF DK JOSHI RESIGNS AFTER INS SINDHURATNA FIRE
New Delhi: Navy Chief Admiral DK Joshi on Wednesday resigned taking “moral responsibility” over the spate
of mishaps involving naval warships in the last seven months. Joshi, who had about 15 months more left in
service, submitted his resignation hours after submarine INS Sindhuratna had a mishap in which seven sailors
were taken seriously ill and two officers were missing. After quitting Joshi said, “I accept all moral responsibility for all the incidents and accidents that happened in the last few months. Former Indian Navy chief
Admiral DK Joshi. Image courtesy PIB The defence ministry immediately accepted his resignation and ordered
that Vice Chief of Naval Staff Vice Admiral RK Dhowan should take over as the Acting Chief till regular Chief
is appointed. “Taking moral responsibility for the accidents and incidents which have taken place during the
past few months, the Chief of Naval Staff Admiral DK Joshi today resigned from the post of Navy Chief,” defence ministry said. “The Government has accepted the resignation of Admiral Joshi with immediate effect,”
it said. This would be the first time in the last 15 years that a Naval chief has had to leave office in controversial circumstances after Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat was sacked by the NDA Government in 1998 when George
Fernandes was the defence minister. Reflecting the gravity of the mishap, Defence Minister AK Antony briefed
President Pranab Mukherjee, who is also the Supreme Commander of Armed Forces, and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on the accident. There have been 10 reported incidents involving naval assets in the last seven
months involving the INS Sindhuratna mishap early today in which two officers are missing and seven sailors
were affected severly due to smoke inhalation. The biggest mishap occured when the INS Sindhurakshak sank
inside the Mumbai harbour killing all 18 personnel on board on 14 August. Earlier this month, INS Airavat, an
amphibious warfare vessel, ran aground after which the commanding officer was stripped of his command
duties. After the sinking of the INS Sindhurakshak, one of the mishaps involved INS Betwa which was damaged
after probably hitting some underwater object. India’s leading minesweeper, the INS Konkan that was undergoing repairs in Vizag, also caught fire and suffered major damage to its interiors. The Pondicherry-class minesweeper was getting a refit at a dry dock when the incident occurred. The naval headquarters is concerned
over the spate of mishaps in the Western Command and had even summoned Western Naval Commander Vice
Admiral Shekhar Sinha on the issue. The Western Command headquarters was damaged when Naval Armament Depot personnel misfired a heavy-calibre gun at it while checking it.

2014

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43

IPL 2014 AUCTION HIG LIGHTS:

YUVRAJ SINGH, DINESH KARTHIK AND KEVIN PIETERSEN STEAL THE SHOW ON DAY 1
Yuvraj Singh fetches the highest price in the auction with Rs 14
crore, while England’s Kevin Pietersen went for Rs 9 crore. Catch
all the live updates from the IPL auctions here. (Full player list)
# So that concludes an exciting day of IPL player auctions. A lot of
action took place early on in the day when the likes of Yuvraj and
Dinesh Karthik were fought hard for and some very strategic utilization of the right-to-match card was also seen. Most teams seem
to have built a majority of their side. Here’s acomplete list of players
who were bought today.
It will be interesting to see how the action pans out tomorrow with
a lot of young, uncapped Indian players up for grabs. How the franchises plan out their remaining budget and approach will be the
deciding factor for their squad. The following is the budget remaining at the disposal of all eight teams:
CSK - Rs 3.20 crore, DD - Rs 8.60 crore, KXIP - Rs 14.20 crore, MI
- Rs 5.15 crore, RR - Rs 12.10 crore, RCB - Rs 1.80 crore, SRH - Rs
8.40 crore, KKR - Rs 9 crore.

# England veteran Simon Jones up for grabs at Rs 30 Lakh. No bids
for him. UNSOLD!
# Sri Lanka’s Nuwan Kulasekara, a former CSK bowler, is also UNSOLD!
# Former DC and KXIP player Juan Theron is up next. Base price
of Rs 30 Lakh. No bids again.UNSOLD!
# New Zealand’s comeback man Kyle Mills is up for Rs 50 Lakh. No
bids for him either. UNSOLD!
# West Indian Jerome Taylor is up next at Rs 30 Lakh base price. No
bids again. UNSOLD!
# England’s Jade Dernbach is up next at Rs 50 Lakh. No takers.
UNSOLD!
# West Indian pacer Tino Best is next. The base price is Rs 30 Lakh.
No bids again. UNSOLD!

# The last player up for grabs of the day, Sri Lanka’s Isuru Udana for
Rs 30 Lakh. No takers for him.UNSOLD!

# SOLD! CSK break the deadlock and bid Rs 30 Lakh. They get him
for that amount.

# Indian pacer Aavishkar Salvi is up next for Rs 30 Lakh. No takers
for him. UNSOLD!

# New Zealand’s Matt Henry is up next at Rs 30 Lakh.

# New Zealand’s Ian Butler is available at Rs 30 Lakh. None of the
teams are bidding. UNSOLD!
# Shamiga Eranga is the first in the list at a base price of Rs 30 Lakh.
UNSOLD!
# Final set of the day coming up

2014

# Ben Laughlin from Australia is next at Rs 30 Lakh. The drought
continues. No bids. UNSOLD!
# New Zealand’s Mitchell McClenaghan is up next. His base price
is Rs 30 Lakh. No bids. UNSOLD!
# South Africa’s medium pacer Merchant de Lange comes up. Rs
30 Lakh his base price but none of the sides interested. UNSOLD!

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44

The Sochi 2014
Winter Olympics

Each Russian medalist at the Sochi Games rewarded with a Mercedes-Benz
Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev has given a Mercedes-Benz to each Olympic
medallist from the host country
of the 2014 Sochi Games.
Russian Prime Minister Dmitry
Medvedev speaks with Russian
Olympic figure skating champion Julia Lipnitskaia, sitting in
her new Mercedes-Benz in Red
Square. All Russian medallists
were given similar vehicles as a
reward. (Feb. 27, 2014)
MOSCOW—Russian
Prime
Minister Dmitry Medvedev has
given a Mercedes-Benz to each
Olympic medallist from the host

2014

country of the 2014 Sochi Games.
Russia topped the Sochi medal
standings with 33 medals, including 13 gold, 11 silver and 9
bronze medals.
T white Mercedes-Benz cars
were decorated with the Russian Olympic team logo. While
some of Russia’s star athletes, like
15-year-old figure skater Julia
Lipnitskaia or 17-year-old teammate Adelina Sotnikova, don’t
even have their licenses yet, Medvedev found a way around that
problem by providing a driver —
all services paid.
After an embarrassing sixthplace finish in the medals table
at the 2010 Vancouver Olympics,
Russia finished at the top in Sochi.
Medvedev says that it is important for the government to continue supporting athletes financially.

Delhi is known for
many things.
There is the chaotic traffic, the stunning Mughal-era monuments,
the street food, the burgeoning cultural scene that sees a steady
stream of European designers and artists heading east in search
of inspiration. There is poverty, of course, and the hubris that is
the right of every emerging power. And then there is ONE THING
THAT WE CANNOT FORGET IS DELHI POLICE. Delhi Police is the
biggest metropolitan police in the world with 149 Police stations
with its headquarter at Indraprastha Estate.

Delhi Police is composed of the
following personnels:

• 3 Special Commissioners
• 17 Joint Commissioners
• 7 Additional Commissioners
• 74 Deputy Commissioners
• 272 ACPs
Delhi is the capital of India and is the centre of wide range of political, cultural,
social and economic activities. The Delhi police have to play a number of roles
so far maintenance of law and order is concerned. Delhi Police is considered
to be having the most advanced administrative system in India. It believes in
the principle of ‘Citizen First’. Traffic control is very important in order to avoid
accidents and in this field Delhi police is taking strong measures to assure
safety to the people.