He was the brother of Gaston Calmette (1858-1914), the editor of Le Figaro who was murdered in 1914 by Henriette Caillaux, socialite wife of Finance Minister Joseph Caillaux.

Calmette, L.C.A. The treatment of animals poisoned with snakevenom by the injection of anti-venomous serum.

en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Albert_Calmette (758 words)

Pioneers in Med Lab Science(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)

Calmette soon found that the work of the Lille Insatute, and his research into the development of attenuated live vaccine in accordance with Pasteur's practice, required the services of a trained veterinarian for the maintenance of a stock of experimental animals, mostly bovine.

Leon Charles AlbertCalmette was born in Nice in 1863, the son of a lawyer.

Calmette did not abandon his ambition to enter the navy and after a period of recuperation was accepted for training as a naval physician.

Calmette's foremost accurate work, which was to buck him common honor und her compellation permanently sumed to the bygone times of medicine was the attempt to mellow a vaccine against tuberculosis, which, at the time, was a giant killer disease.

In 1895, now in Lille at the second daughter institute that he established, Calmette produced anticobra serum for therapeutic use that was to revolutionize the treatment of snakebite worldwide.

In response, firstly he organized an antituberculous dispensary to provide assistance to the sick and help limit the spread of the disease by improving social hygiene and secondly he devoted himself, with the assistance of Camille Guerin, to obtaining an attenuated live strain of tubercle bacilli with fixed biological characteristics for use as a vaccine.

Because he had not been entirely unsympathetic to the revolutionary movement of 1821 in Sardinia, Charles Albert developed an ambiguous political reputation prior to acceding to the throne in 1831.

Reviled by the Milanese for his failures, and under strong political pressure from the Italian nationalists in Turin, Charles Albert denounced the armistice and, with an army of 80,000 men, attacked the Austrians in Mar., 1849.

It is also all those scientists who, after having trained at the Pasteur Institute, were scattered across the globe to study the most widely differing diseases in the field, and who, on the spot, established centres which operated according to the principles they had been taught in Paris.

Calmette was director of the Pasteur Institue in Lille from 1895 to 1919.

This is what Calmette said on the subject: "During the month of October 1891, in the rainy season, the Bac Lien village, which lies in lower Cochinchina, was attacked by a swarm of venomous reptiles belonging to a species known as the Capel Cobra.

At the same time, a senior colonial physician, AlbertCalmette*, follows lectures on microbiology given at the Pasteur Institute by Emile Roux.

When in 1880 AlbertCalmette* began his studies at the Naval School of Medicine in Brest, it was still thought that diseases such as Malaria and Yellow Fever that he, helpless and disappointed, had to contend with on board the Hospital Ship Alceste, in the remote countryside of Gabon, had a telluric origin.

July 12 - Today In Science History(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)

Using a formula he derived, Dushman calculated the conductances for cylindrical tubes based on their measured dimensions and produced the table which he included in the book that is still used to design a vacuum system.

In 1921, at the end of sixteen years of research, bacillus-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) of AlbertCalmette and Camille Guerin, the Pasteur Institute, is used by Benjamin Weill-Hallé to vaccinate the first human baby by oral way.

In 1927, Calmette affirms a mortality of 0,8% of mortality in the vaccinated children, against 24% at not-vaccinated between 0 and 1 year.

Major Greenwood, professor of epidemiology at the university of London, and Arvid Wallgren, professor of pediatry in Stockholm, dispute the mortality of 24% which seems exorbitant, and suppose that the mortality of 0,8% is codéterminée by other factors, like the insulation of the children of their family lasting at least a month.

In 1893, Calmette came down with severe dysentery and had to leave his unfinished task to Alexandre Yersin who discovered the Liangbiang Plateau and founded the Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang.

During his stay in Vietnam, Calmette had successfully developed vaccines for smallpox and rabies, sterilized the city’s water supply and was working to make a serum for copperhead poisoning under the most difficult of circumstances.

Tow sculptures of Pasteur and Calmette solemnly stand amid the carefully trimmed green garden in the institute today, and documents show that the two Pasteur institute in Saigon and Nha Trang were most active in protecting people’s health in Indochina.