Types of multiple sclerosis

There are 4 main types of multiple sclerosis (MS). Each type has different features and prognosis:

Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS): This type shows clearly defined relapses (attacks) with partial or complete recovery. It affects around 85% of all people with MS.

Secondary progressive MS (SPMS): Within 10 years, about half of patients with relapsing-remitting MS will go on to develop secondary progressive MS. Due to a steady increase in disability, people with this form of MS experience less distinct relapses over time. They may experience periods of worsening and improvement, but their disability steadily worsens.

Primary progressive MS: This type shows no clear relapses, but over a period of years, there is gradual loss of physical and cognitive (thinking, memory, and planning) functions. This form of MS affects about 10% of all people with MS.

Progressive-relapsing MS: This type has relapses with or without some recovery and steadily worsens over time. It affects about 5% of people with MS.