The articles presented in this document provide a framework for examining concepts of educational modernization in Europe. The document is organized into three parts. Part 1 "European Perspectives" includes: (1) What Is Implied by a "European curriculum"? Issues of Eurocentrism, Rationality, and Education (Sven Erik Nordenbo); and (2) Modern Education as Perception Control (Stephan Sting). Part 2 "Issues of the Modernization Process" includes the following papers: (1) Modernity, Family and Childhood in the Netherlands (Caroline Hetterschijt, Ilonka Sinkeldam, Astrid Valkenburg); (2) History of Child Day Care (Ilse Godtschalk, Mechel Mangelmans); (3) The Garden-City as Educational Climate: Children as Co-designers of Their Own Education (Jeroen Knigge); (4) On Modernization Theories: On Racism and the Role of Education (Ineke van der Valk); and (5) Germans and Other Strangers (Matthias Blum, Anja Kaplyta, Melanie Schmitt, Elke Weiber). Part 3 "Aspects of Schooling and Modernization" provides a discussion of the school systems of Sweden, Denmark, Hungary, Italy, and Greece and contains the following papers: (1) Curriculum Modernization in Sweden (Aadu Ott); (2) The Spirit and Values in the Danish Educational System (Annemarie D. Molina); (3) The Comprehensive School in Denmark (Dorte Madsen); (4) The Free Schools in Denmark (Hanne Hansen); (5) Adult Education in Denmark (Trine Ingeberg); (6) Actual Trends in Danish Educational Policy (Inge Pallesen); (7) Recent Problems in Hungarian Educational Policy (Eva Szabolcs); (8) Education and Modernization in Greece (Z.K. Palios); (9) Technical and Vocational Education in Greece (M. Polychronski); (10) Is the Italian School System Able To Cope with Complexity? Intercultural Exchanges as a Case Study (Andrea Vargiu); and (11) The Italian School System (Edoardo Batrini, Paola Guglielmi, Anna Chiara Lugarini, Marco Solinas). (LL)