Top subcategories

Top subcategories

... Hydrogen production using electrolysis of
water powered by renewable energy is not yet costcompetitive with hydrogen from fossil fuels, such as
natural gas, and so has been responsible for only 4% of
current hydrogen production.
...

... A chemical reaction, also called a chemical change, is material changing
from a beginning mass to a resulting substance. The process involves one
or more reactants yielding one or more products different from the
reactants. The characteristic of a chemical reaction is that new material or
materials ...

... First Law of Thermodynamics
• You will recall from Chapter 5 that
energy cannot be created nor
destroyed.
• Therefore, the total energy of the
universe is a constant.
• Energy can, however, be converted
from one form to another or transferred
from a system to the surroundings or
vice versa.
Chemica ...

... The General Requirements of a DOS
The members of a DOS library should be diverse in both the
appendages they display and also in the three-dimensional
orientations and locations of these appendages.12 Thus, in
designing a DOS, strategies to incorporate the four key types
of diversity must be include ...

... by both enthalpy and entropy.
• Gibb’s Free Energy is a thermodynamic
function that combines enthalpy and entropy.
• For a reaction occurring at constant pressure
and temperature, the sign of Gibb’s Free
Energy relates to the spontaneity of the
...

... The earliest affinity table was that published by E.F. Geoffroy in 1718 (4). This
table consists of sixteen columns. At the head of each column there is the traditional symbol of a substance (or a group of substances). Below it, the symbols for
the substances with which it reacts are arranged in ord ...

... First Law of Thermodynamics
• You will recall from Chapter 5 that
energy cannot be created nor
destroyed.
• Therefore, the total energy of the
universe is a constant.
• Energy can, however, be converted
from one form to another or transferred
from a system to the surroundings or
vice versa.
Chemica ...

... for performing the lesson or similar lessons. They also
introduce ways to expand on the content topics presented
and think beyond those topics. Use the following
examples, or have a discussion to generate other ideas as
a class.
• Ask the students what they would expect to happen if
the amount of ba ...

... Physical properties of gases can be described by motion of
individual gas atoms/molecules
Assumptions:
1) each macroscopic and microscopic
particle in motion holds an kinetic
energy according to Newton’s law
2) They undergo elastic collisions
3) They are large in number and are
randomly distributed
...

... • List three observations that suggest that a chemical
reaction has taken place.
• List three requirements for a correctly written
chemical equation.
• Write a word equation and a formula equation for a
given chemical reaction.
• Balance a formula equation by inspection.
...

... mimic the movement of real fish and are equipped with chemical
sensors to sniff out potentially hazardous pollutants, such as
leaks from vessels or underwater pipelines.
They will transmit the information back to shore using Wi-Fi
technology.
Unlike earlier robotic fish, which needed remote controls ...

... compounds can be released into the environment, including cadmium, arsenic,
sulphur dioxide, and mercury, all of which can endanger the health and safety
of local populations.
Sample questions: What are some chemical reactions used in the manufacture
of paper? How might the reactants or products of ...

... environment while adding carbon dioxide and water. Plants use these to carry out
photosynthesis, while releasing oxygen and water again out of their leaves. The ph of various
things in the home have to do with chemistry from the acidic orange juice to the alkaline
bleach. When you eat foods, hydroly ...

... • Because there are about 115 known
elements, there are about 115 different
types of atoms.
• Each type of atom contains a different
number of protons in its nucleus. The
number of protons in an atom is the
atomic number of the element.
...

... 1. Chemical and allied Industry have first rank among all manufacturing industry both in capital assets and
importance to the country economy.
2. Chemical Industry plays important role in every part of life. For example foods, drugs, petroleum, and
fertilizer industry
3. Chemical Industry is differe ...

... are never lost or gained in a chemical reaction, they
are just rearranged. Every atom in the reactants
becomes part of the products.
• When writing a chemical equation, make sure the
number of atoms of each element in the reactants
equals the number of atoms of those same elements
in the products. T ...

... cooking: a) the food darkens, or b)
bubbles form in boiling water?
 Which of the following is used for
chemical symbols today: a) letters, or b)
drawings?
 When an iron nail is ground into powder,
its mass ____.
–Stays the same
...

... • When a substance changes color, the chemical composition of
the substance may have changed (for example, iron turns to a
reddish-brown when it rusts, clothes change color when
bleach is added, apples turn brown when they react with
oxygen in the air, or marshmallows turn black when burned).
• It i ...

... •When pieces of matter come together or break
apart, it is called a reaction.
•The law of conservation of matter states that
matter can not be created or destroyed.
•In any reaction, you must have the same
amount of each part before and after the
reaction happens.
•We show how reactions become balan ...

... what is occurring in the lab.
How has the sugar changed? (asked after the physical AND chemical change)
Is the sugar still present?
How are the physical and chemical changes different?
How would you classify a physical change? What about a chemical change?
I want to discuss and ask a question also a ...

Chemical warfare

Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons. This type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare and biological warfare, which together make up NBC, the military acronym for nuclear, biological, and chemical (warfare or weapons), all of which are considered ""weapons of mass destruction"" (WMDs). None of these fall under the term conventional weapons which are primarily effective due to their destructive potential. With proper protective equipment, training, and decontamination measures, the primary effects of chemical weapons can be overcome. Many nations possess vast stockpiles of weaponized agents in preparation for wartime use. The threat and the perceived threat have become strategic tools in planning both measures and counter-measures.