Benign Crystal Protein Brings Hope for Billions of Hookworm Sufferers

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A new study suggests that a benign crystal protein, produced naturally by bacteria and used as an organic pesticide, could be a safe, inexpensive treatment for parasitic worms in humans and provide effective relief to over a billion people around the world.

Benign Crystal Protein Brings Hope for Billions of Hookworm Sufferers

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Hookworms, and other intestinal parasites known as helminths infect more than 1 billion people in poverty-stricken, tropical nations, sucking the vitality from the body, and leaving hundreds of millions of children physically and mentally stunted.

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Current drugs are insufficiently effective, and resistance is rising, but little effort has been made to develop better drugs because the relevant populations do not represent a profitable market for drug companies.

"The challenge is that any cure must be very cheap, it must have the ability to be mass produced in tremendous quantities, safe, and able to withstand rough conditions, including lack of refrigeration, extreme heat, and remote locations," Raffi Aroian, a researcher on the study, said.

In earlier research, Aroian and his collaborators described a protein, Cry5B, that can kill intestinal nematode parasites-such as human hookworms-in infected test animals (hamsters).

Cry5B belongs to a family of proteins that are generally accepted as safe for humans.

These proteins are produced naturally in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a bacterium which is applied to crops as a natural insecticide on some organic farms, and CryB proteins have been engineered into food crops such as corn and rice, to render them pest resistant.

As shown for the first time in this paper, Cry5B can also be expressed in a species of bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, which is closely related to Bacillus thuringiensis, and which is also related to bacteria which are present in some probiotics, says Aroian.

In the current research researchers showed that a small dose of Cry5B, expressed in this bacterium can achieve a 93 percent elimination of hookworm parasites from infected hamsters.

That, Aroian said, is substantially better than current drugs.

The study is set to be published in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

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