sábado, 24 de agosto de 2013

Why Chesterton Will Be a Saint - by Dale Ahlquist

A review of Father Robert Wild’s The Tumbler of God: Chesterton as Mystic

Not every saint is a mystic. Not
every mystic is a saint. And not every 300-pound, cigar-smoking journalist is
both a saint and a mystic. But I’m quite sure at least one of them is. And I’m
not alone in that opinion.

Father Wild’s book is especially
well-timed. I was recently taken to task by a reviewer because I had suggested
in my book The Complete Thinker that
G.K. Chesterton is a mystic. And so it is convenient to have suddenly at my
disposal an entire book written in defense of that one statement. But the book
is well-timed for another reason. Father Wild not only argues quite
convincingly that Chesterton is a mystic, but by the end of the book he also
makes the case that Chesterton is a saint. Things appear to be heating up in
that regard, too. And Father Wild is not just blowing holy smoke. He knows what
the Church requires for sainthood. He is the postulator in the cause for
Catherine de Houck Dougherty, who, incidentally, was also a mystic.

Like any good writer, including
like Chesterton himself, Father Wild takes the trouble to define his terms. He
surveys the work of the leading writers on mysticism and shows how they
converge but also where they part ways. Mysticism has to do with a direct
experience of the divine truth, an “acute awareness” not only of the Creator
but of his creation. Certainly the mistake about mysticism is that we associate
it with remoteness from the rest of us, a hermit in a cave, or a prophet on a
mountain top. Mysticism may make a stop there, but it does not stay there. For
almost every reason, Chesterton damages most of our preconceptions about
mysticism, even going so far as to say that the common man is a mystic, because
mysticism is sane. It grasps reality. It rejoices in the sunlight. It knows the
balance and proportion of things, including the importance of important things
and the unimportance of unimportant things. Or to put it in Chesterton’s own
words (in a passage which unfortunately does not appear in the book):

The common man is a mystic. Mysticism is only a transcendent form of
common sense. Mysticism and common sense alike consist in a sense of the
dominance of certain truths and tendencies which cannot be formally
demonstrated or even formally named. Mysticism and common sense are like
appeals to realities that we all know to be real, but which have no place in
argument except as postulates.

Chesterton tells us the things we
already know, only we did not know that we knew them. The difference between
him and us is that he is trying to give us the same vision he has, what Father
Wild calls his “contagious happiness and inner peace…he was imbued with a kind
of unpretentious beatitude that tended to convey itself to those around him.”
He is trying to share his sense of wonder, his thankfulness, his joy. And the
source of all these things is God.

Indeed, Robert Hugh Benson, whose
too-short life and writing career just overlapped with Chesterton’s, perceived
as early as 1905 that Chesterton was a mystic because of his joy, his
confidence, and his common sense. It would be almost another 20 years before
Chesterton would become Catholic. The odd thing about Chesterton’s conversion
is how little his perspective changed, and how little his writing changes. He
knows he is finally at home in the Church, but it is, in one sense, merely
taking the official position of all the things he has been defending all along.
He knew he had ceased being a Protestant many years before, and he admitted
that he was even standing at the door of the Church ushering other people in
without having entered himself. Still, the final step was an extremely
difficult one. He had to do it alone, without the accompaniment of his beloved
helpmate, his wife Frances (who would take another four years to cross the
threshold.) But how is it that Chesterton can think like a Catholic, write like
a Catholic, fight like a Catholic (and eat, drink, and smoke like a Catholic!)
without being a Catholic? Credit his mysticism.

Hugh Kenner, a great American man
of letters who wrote his first book on Chesterton, says that Chesterton has a
“comprehensive intuition of being.” He does not fumble to reach a position. He
simply “occupies a central position all the time.”

The transition from non-Catholic
to Catholic was much less dramatic than an earlier experience that Chesterton
went through as a young man. He suffered a very dark period where he first had
to come face-to-face with the blankness of non-existence before coming
face-to-face with God. It was something similar to what St. Francis of Assisi
went through (which Chesterton writes about in his book on that saint), passing
through the “moment when there is nothing but God.” And what arises from this
abyss is “the noble thing called Praise.” The endless thankfulness for the
unexpected, undeserved gift of existence. Father Wild surmises that it was in
coming through experience that Chesterton received a mystical grace.

Astonishment has consequences.
Chesterton not an ascetic mystic who gains his spiritual insight through the
exceptional self-denial that is associated with those who embrace the religious
life. He is a lay mystic who has gained his amazing insight through an “acute
awareness” of God himself and an appreciation of God’s good gifts. Even in a
cloud of cigar smoke, he can still see clearly, perhaps more clearly because he
knows how to make each pleasure part of his praise. We recite in the Mass that
it is right and just always and everywhere to give God thanks, that it is our
duty and our salvation. We say those words. We hear those words. But here is
someone who lives out those words, someone whose childlike wonder fills his
words, fills the room, who tosses off the line, buried like a gem deep in a
paragraph about history: “Thanks is the highest form of thought.”

Father Wild’s great Chestertonian
insight: “Reason alone is capable of such mysticism.” Or as Chesterton says,
“If you think wrong, you go wrong.” The corollary is that if you think right,
you go right. Right reason leads to mystical insight. What does mystical
insight lead to?

Contrast Chesterton’s view with
that of Plotinus, for whom the mystical goal is “to be alone with the alone.”
Chesterton’s mystical insight fills him with a deep and joyful compassion; he
says he wants to throw a party and invite the whole world. And he realizes that
one of his tasks is to teach the world “how to enjoy enjoyment.”

Father Wild builds his case for
Chesterton’s mysticism by getting us to take another look at his most familiar
books. Any Chesterton book can be re-read with great benefit. In fact, the main
purpose of reading a Chesterton book the first time is so you can read it
again. There is simply no way to read a book like Orthodoxy too many times. It always yields more fruit. Father Wild
demonstrates this by getting us to see new things in the text, things that have
always been there but now jump off the page completely new. He is simply using
the Chestertonian technique of getting us to see the familiar things with a
fresh set of eyes and the wonder of welcome.

Chesterton says in Orthodoxy, “What we want is not the
universality that is outside all normal sentiments; we want the universality
that is inside all normal sentiments.” This points to his thesis that mysticism
is actually a normal condition. It is the sane condition of man. It is simply
the ability to see what is really there, the glory of creation but also its
strangeness. It is the loss of mysticism that leads to insanity. Modern
philosophy is off kilter because it is detached from reality. Though Orthodoxy is a recognized tour de force of philosophical argument
and intellectual fireworks, the great effectiveness of the book is that
Chesterton constantly appeals to life; he takes his proofs from actual
experience. It is a truth we can touch.

But then Chesterton plunges deep,
contrasting Christianity with Buddhism, with Islam, with explanations of God
that are too shallow, too simple. The Trinity is not a simple idea, but it is
an essential one. The cross may be a simple symbol, but the contradiction at
its center represents the collision of time and eternity, of life and death.

The theme of seeing familiar
things as if for the first time continues in The Everlasting Man, where we encounter Christ, not as we have in
our Christian and post-Christian civilization, encumbered with our pre-conceptions,
but as he must have appeared when he stepped onto the stage, the most
extraordinary character in history, appearing at the precise intersection of
the great cultures of the world. And Father Wild points out a truth so obvious
that we have missed it: if ever there has been a model mystic, it is Christ. He
refers to things unseen, but his reality is enfleshed. He is a constant
revelation. Chesterton says: “The moral of all this is an
old one; that religion is revelation. In other words, it is a vision, and a
vision received by faith; but it is a vision of reality. The faith consists in
a conviction of its reality.”

The image of “the tumbler of God” comes from Chesterton’s book on
St. Francis of Assisi, in the chapter, “Le Jongleur de Dieu.” St. Francis, in
his humility, is not only willing to be a fool for Christ, but an acrobat. The
mystical experience, the pure encounter with God, is akin to being turned
upside down, and seeing everything upside down, giving the shocking perspective
that everything is hanging on the mercy of God, but then landing on one’s feet
with a new appreciation of things, including of one’s feet. Francis goes from
poet to saint. Both the poet and the saint have a universal vision and both
tell truth, but Chesterton makes the distinction between the two: “For one the
joy of life is the cause of faith, for the other a result of faith.” Faith sees
things in their proper perspective and their proper proportion. It is a vision
informed by overflowing joy and bottomless thankfulness.

It is one thing to have a
mystical encounter with truth. It is quite another to explain it to someone who
has not had it. But this is what the real mystic tries to do. He does not keep
the truth to himself. He does not speak in riddles that only he understands.
The true mystic, says Chesterton, does not conceal mysteries; he reveals them.
Chesterton’s entire life as a writer is a constant outpouring of his powers of
expression to make the truth understandable. He makes it surprising with his
paradoxes, he makes it delicious with his epigrams, he makes it wonderful with
his poetry and even his poetic prose. He also makes it uncomfortable with his
cries for justice and inescapable with his relentless reason.

It is safe to say, though it is
still sounds surprising to say it, that Chesterton could not write about the
mystical vision of St. Francis without being a mystic himself. He writes not as
a mere appreciative spectator. He writes as an insider. But he also writes
about St. Francis’ holiness. He even muses that perhaps only a saint can write
about a saint. This is only his humility speaking and his sense of inadequacy.
But he has ironically told the truth.

Father Wild says he wrote this
book because there is no book about the most important thing about Chesterton:
his friendship with God. He is a model of lay spirituality, but also of lay
mysticism. The main argument of the book is that Chesterton is a mystic. But
the ultimate argument is that he is a saint.

Father Wild is one of many of a
growing number of people who believe that G.K. Chesterton should be raised to
the altars. And yes, I have been active in this movement. We think he is a
saint for our times, who epitomizes his own line from The Everlasting Man: “A dead thing goes with the stream, only a
living thing can go against it.” Chesterton is an eloquent voice against
everything that is wrong in the world. But even better, he is a joyful voice in
defense of what is right. What draws people to Chesterton and what changes
their lives is his goodness.

I have been petitioning the bishop
of Northampton for years to open Chesterton’s cause. And after a series of very
interesting events in the past few months, not the least of which was the
election of Pope Francis, who happens to be a big Chesterton fan, I had the
privilege of making the following announcement at our national Chesterton
Conference on August 1: The Rt. Rev. Peter Doyle, the Bishop
of Northamptonhas given us permission to say that he “is sympathetic to our
wishes and is seeking a suitable cleric to begin an investigation into the
potential for opening a cause for Chesterton.”

And nothing pleased me more than
the fact that Father Robert Wild was in the audience when I made the
announcement and no doubt lent his voice to the loud cheering that followed.
It was a mystical moment.

The Tumbler of God: Chesterton as Mystic
By Father
Robert Wild
Angelico Press, 2013
Paperback
228 pages