India is one of the fastest growing economy in the world.The customs tariff rate are falling.Many items are attracting Anti-dumping duty.Issue of country of origin ,valuation, classification and other non-tariff barriers are becoming more important in globalised economy.The service-tax is emerging as new source of revenue for the nation.The valuation is central to all the tax activity.

Thursday, March 15, 2007

what is export valuation in India

There is no law on export valuation in India and other foreign countries. In global economy, the export is valuable source of foreign exchange earning source for all nations, Whether it is poor, developing and developed nation. The opinion of the Law Ministry “It may be stated that if the exporter is able to bring in foreign exchange equivalent to the value declared, it may be difficult for the concerned authorities to prove that it was a case of over-valuation. [Commissioner Conference decision]

Therefore, presumption that the exporter would not bring foreign exchange equivalent to declared value export cargo, at the stage of examination / assessment will be contrary to the opinion of Ministry of Law.

Ministry of Finance Instructed that the Custom Officers are authorized to verify the PMV of an export product but are not authorized to reduce FOB value.

It is stated that the FOB value may be higher, as per the contract between the exporter and Foreign Buyer, ( depending on various factors) but the “Present Market Value” of the goods is an index of their local )wholesale/retail) price inclusive of excise duty, Sales Tax and other local taxes plus cost of transportation. [Ministry of Finance FM 605/51/97-DBK (Circular No:89/97 – Cus dated 08.12.1997]

The PMV of the goods can be many multiple of the FOB.

The above Ministry’s Instruction is in line with Rules of valuation contemplated in World Trade Organization (WTO/World Customs Organization (WCO). There are two type of value, one is for foreign exchange or Government Statistics and other is for assessment of duty for Customs Purpose. The First value is corresponds to FOB and letter to the PMV.

WTO valuation

It is accepted practice in course of assessment of value for important goods to reject declared value in suspected under invoicing. The valuation is done as per WTO valuation Rules with Customs valuation Rules 1988. The goods are adjudicated on account of under invoicing of value and higher duty amount is realized on the increased value. But the Indian Importer only remit the foreign remittance as per the Invoice raised by the foreign supplier and Not the enhanced value determined by the customs. Normally in Import case, there is under invoicing and over invoicing in case of export case. As discussed for Import case, if there is higher PMV value declared by the exporter, then the customs department can re-asses the PMV. The goods can be adjudicated under section 113 and 114 of Custom Act 1962 for claiming higher drawback based on higher export price. But the exporter had to receive foreign exchange from the buyer, as declared in the G.R.Form as per Foreign Exchange Regulation Act 1974. The Foreign buyer would not remit Less foreign exchange corresponding to reduce FOB determined by the Customs authorities for the purpose of determining drawback eligibility. As stated earlier and above, the customs authorities only can determine PMV and not FOB.

What is FOB

FOB: The International Chambers of Commerce has defined FOB at relevant time of export as [ INCOTERMS 1990] “Free on Board means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the good have passed over the ship’s rail at the named post of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.The buyer must pay the price as provided in Contract of Sale. The FOB is a International Terms of Sale Contract, under such term of sale, the sellers bears all the expenses prior to placing on Board. Thereafter the property usually vests in the buyer.

How to price Export :

Price is an index of the value of a product. Rather, it represents besides value, its quality, durability and many other attributes like ego satisfaction or status consciousness. The price depends on cost, competition and demand. International markets are considered to be more competitive than domestic markets, because competition in export markets, originate from three quarters Viz .Competing domestic producers in the export markets;Producers in other competing supplying countries; and Competing domestic producers in one’s own country. Similarly, demand in international markets is subject to a number of factors, which are different from those operating in domestic markets.

A Product has to adapted to meet the special requirement of foreign buyers, which arises from different tastes, habits and customs.The produced may have to be tailored according to the requirements of the overseasconsumers and their capacity to pay for it.

The other factors, which affect pricing are: Lower price for short deliveries and higher price for long deliveries. Price on credits are higher than the cash. To capture market, offering goods at low price. Fluctuation in foreign currency on account of devaluation or appreciation. Interest rate Inflation Inventory cost. allowance for wastage & shrinkage Price of any product depends on cost of product, cost of distribution, cost of marketing support, supply and demand factors, price level and margins, competition etc.,

Charges if any, on account of: Overseas distributors / agents commissions. Cost of providing after sales service. Cost of spare parts Financing charge if exporting on credit terms. Direct administrative and selling expenses. Congestion surcharge. Bank Charges, etc Profit margin The above price element in FOB are only illustrative and not are exhaustive. The price of goods varied from buyer to seller and form market to market.

If the export price are under priced of a good then importing country may counter by Imposing anti-dumping duty Counter vailing or safeguard duty. High import duty License condition

2 comments:

Was reading and researching on the possibilities of setting up a small shop in which i want to sell iphone ( 5or 7 in a month) and electronic items imported from my overseas associate/an electronic company registered in canada.

Want to know what will be the custom duty & other things i have to pay if the shipment is coming from courier (first flight, dhl etc.) and is there any concession in the duty if the same shipment comes via cargo or sea.

And if you can send me useful resource to conclude with.

Thanks in advance. Looking forward to your reply.

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