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Please explain fully what has occurred - what does "placed a HD in the desktop" mean? How is it connected? Is it new, blank, already partitioned, something should be on it? Does it work correctly connected to another computer?

I connected an (old) HD with text in(side) the computer. It's the new system. It did correctly work before with this computer, but since I have changed my Windows 7 to 10 and back again it doesn't work, so it doesn't show itself in the Computer-list.

I guess you mean the drive is connected to an internal interface, probably SATA, and contains some documents you'd like to access? Can you hear it operating?

If that's so, besides Computer, there are two places you should be able to see a reference to the drive. One is in Device Manager, where if it is functioning, it should be listed by type under Disk drives.

If it shows there, it should also come up in Disk Management further down in Computer Management, and any partitions it contains should appear with descriptions.

Please confirm if this is so, and if partitions show up in Disk Management but do not have a drive letter on them, a screenshot would be very useful.

So the 160GB C: drive and the 2TB E: drive are the drives normally in the system, and the device called ATA Device is the drive you've connected up? In that case the drive is not being ID'd correctly, it may have an electrical fault. What brand and model of drive is it?

That doesn't sound good. If it had a problem and now can't be ID'd, that would lead us to suspect a fault in its controller board. If you right click on it in Device Manager, choose Properties and select the Details tab, in the Property dropdown, do the Hardware Ids or Friendly name categories show anything relating to Western Digital? (You could see what to expect by doing the same for the other drives.)

As a double check, you could try things like attaching it to a different computer just to be sure there isn't something weird going on with yours, or accessing it through a different interface such as a SATA to USB adapter.

Also, you can try diagnosing the drive with the Western Digital Data Lifeguard Diagnostics that can be downloaded from the Western Digital support website, or using a general diagnostic like TestDisk, which is about the best Open Source drive testing tool I've found.

In cases where the drive contents are valuable and worth trying to recover, sometimes people have been able to get an identical drive and swap the controller board for long enough to copy off what they want. It's possible though that a fault like that can be caused by degradation of the platter surface or failure of a read head, so that the drive's operating firmware cannot be loaded from the platter. In that case it can't be accessed using another board.