Topology

Topology is a modern branch of mathematics which formalizes the processes of stretching and deforming without tearing, as well as of cutting and pasting to construct new spaces, new geometries. It is called the treatise of position and continuous phenomena. Popularizations of topology have described it as rubber-sheet-geometry, where the concept of position is key, instead of distance.

The term topology refers also to the configuration of objects (and gives information) which helps to determine better stages for functioning.
In informatics it is common to hear about the topology of a network of computers. Modern abstract work with sophisticated application to physics, are -for example- knot theory and 3-manifolds.