107Araucaria araucana entrearbustos recortados juntoal Templo Dórico o casa deVerano de Brodsworth Hall.Centennial Monkey Puzzletree across clippedshrubberies towards theDoric Temple or SummerHouse at Brodsworth Hall.Foto/photoRichard Ducker eldom does a pair of Monkey Puzzle trees (Araucaria araucana) take such a leading role in a garden. The two trees align with a central fountain, like living columns, thereby complementing the geometrical design of the Formal Garden of Brodsworth. The Formal Gardens are unusual in Great Britain, as the English style is characterized by a natural reproduction of the landscape, avoiding geometry, a trend more common to Italian and French gardens. The garden’s history has some curiosities: since the 16th century it belonged to the Counts of Kinnoul, who in 1790 sold it to Peter Thellusson, a wealthy businessman from the tobacco and sugar industries, who was also the director of the Bank of England. Upon his death, his will established that his fortune would remain untouchable until the third generation of descendants. Therefore only in 1859, after seventy two years, his two great grandchildren received the inheritance. Half of this amount, which included the property of Brodsworth, fell to Charles Sabine Augustus Thellusson. In 1860 the existing home was demolished and the current construction was commissioned to the young architect Phillip Wilkinson (26), who gave it an Italian style, both for the home as well as the garden. In 1863 the formal garden where the two Monkey Puzzle trees sit was finished. In Brodsworth gardens there are four Monkey Puzzle on site, besides the two in the flower garden, there is one next to the Target House and one in the Porte Cochere bed. The place has been conserved with few changes until the family donated it in 1990 to English Heritage, which until now has taken charge of conserving the property and facilitating its access by the public. Brodsworth Hall & Gardens, located in the surroundings of Doncaster, in the south of Yorkshire, stands out as one of the best examples of a country residence from the Victorian age.

125 ITALIA ITALY a Región de la Toscana, protege a los árboles ince 2008, the Region of Tuscany by law Florencia vista desde el área donde de valor (por ley desde 2008) y los designa protects high value trees and designates “Green se encuentra la Palma Chilena “Gigantes Verdes” según su edad y tamaño. Giants” according to their age and size. In theEn la ciudad de Florencia la Palma Chilena city of Florence a Chilean Palm ( Jubaea chilensis) Florence as seen from the area(Jubaea chilensis) destaca en el cuarto lugar de stands out in fourth place on the list of these giants. which is home to the Chilean palmestos Gigantes. La palma se ubica en los jardines The palm is located in the gardens of the Ruscianode la Villa Rusciano, a poca distancia de la Plaza Villa, a short distance from the Plaza Michelangelo Foto/photo GurgenbMichelangelo en los márgenes de la ciudad. La on the edge of the city of Florence. The RuscianoVilla Rusciano tomó protagonismo en el siglo XIV Villa gained notoriety in the fourteenth centurycuando Luca Pitti compró el lugar y encargó su when Luca Pitti purchased it and tapped Filipporestauración a Filippo Brunelleschi (conocido por Brunelleschi (known for the steeple of the Florencela cúpula de la catedral de Florencia). A fines del Cathedral) for its restoration. At the end of thesiglo XV fue residencia del general de las fuerzas fifteenth century it was the residence of the generalarmadas florentinas Federico III da Montefeltro, of the Florentine Armed Forces Federico II daDuque de Urbino. Algunos afirman que el propio Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino. It also is said thatMiguel Ángel (Michelangelo Buonarroti) habría Miguel Angel (Michelangelo Buonarroti) himselftrabajado allí. had worked there.En el siglo diecinueve residió allí la familia Fenzi, In the nineteenth century, it was the residence of thea quienes se les atribuye la plantación de la palma. Fenzi family, who are believed to have planted theEl parque donde se ubica la Jubaea chilensis sigue palm. The park where the Jubaea chilensis is locatedsiendo uno de los pulmones verdes de Florencia. continues to be one of the green lungs of Florence.

126 Sobrevivientes de Guerra Araucarias sobrevivientes de los bombardeos de Holanda War Survivors Survivor,s Monkey Puzzle trees of the bombing of Netherlands

127HOLANDA NETHERLANDS Conjunto de Araucarias en el Set of Monkey Puzzle trees in parque Volkspark de la ciudad the Volkspark Park in the city of Enschede, Holanda Enschede, Holland Foto/photo Maarten Windemuller

131 Araucarias en el parque de la casa Landgoed Rhederoord, De Steeg, Holanda Monkey Puzzle trees in theLandgoed Rhederoord, De Steeg, Netherlands Foto/photo Leo GoudzwaardThe Monkey Puzzle trees were more than seventy In Holland there are other centennial Monkey Nearby there is the “Vaalserberg” hill (321 meters),years old during the war and probably served as Puzzle trees, such as the one in the garden of the the highest point of the Netherlands and thea refuge for the inhabitants when their elegant Vaalsbroek de Vaals Castle, in the province of convergence point of the borders of Holland, Belgiumresidences on Stadsmatenstraat Street were Limburg. The first mention of the castle dates to and Germany.bombed. Since 1952 the homes were replaced by the 1420, but its era of glory started in 1761 when theWilhelmina apartment building, serving residents cloth manufacturer Johann Arnold von Clermont The longest living Monkey Puzzle trees (Araucariawho frequently walk and play in the Volkspark. built the current building. The arrival of von araucana) of Holland appear to be this set in Clermont to Vaals led to the construction of other Landgoed Rhederoord in De Steeg, close to Arnhem.Enchede has around one hundred thousand large residences in the sector. The most recent owner They were planted in 1868, with the biggestinhabitants, some make use of the pine nuts of the of the Vaalsbroek Castle was the Von der Molen measuring 22.6 meters in height and 2.15 metersAraucaria araucana of the Volkspark and have Massenbach family, who stayed there until 1944. girth in the trunk.managed to grow them in their own gardens. Currently it is the site of a luxury hotel, Kasteel Vaalsbroekde of the Bilderberg chain. The Monkey Puzzle trees are located in the twelve hectare park of Landgoed Rhederoord. Its owner William Reynier Brantsen built this house in 1746 and commissioned the garden design by landscape designer Jacob Marot, who implemented a geometrical style of French influence. At the end of the Eighteenth Century the park was expanded, applying the fashionable English style (grass and large trees, as in nature). Complementing this style, in the middle of the Nineteenth Century, many exotic conifers were introduced, with the Araucaria araucana probably being the most curious addition to the park.

137 INGLATERRA ENGLAND Nik Gruber, Jefe de Bosques del Parque Nacional New Forest, junto a su propia Araucaria araucana Nik Gruber, Senior Officer from the New Forest National Park, with his own Monkey Puzzle n the small village of Lyndhurst, two of Chile’s The Chilean Larch (Fitzroya cupressoides) can live The Monkey Puzzle tree is a male specimen, giants, a Fitzroya or Chilean Larch (Fitzroya over 3,600 years, being the second oldest living nevertheless, it also produces some female cones, a cupressoides) and a Monkey Puzzle (Araucaria species in the world. It is on the international quality that in Araucaria araucana rarely occursaraucana) grow just six hundred meters apart. The list of threatened species of flora and fauna. Chile when the tree is isolated from others of its kind.village, with around three thousand inhabitants, declared the tree a \"Natural Monument\" in 1977. With the seeds of the Monkey Puzzle tree in Forestis the administrative capital of the New Forest Since then, cutting down any living specimen in Cottage, some nearby residents have grown newDistrict, in Hampshire County, England. Chile is strictly prohibited. Along these same lines, plants. the Monkey Puzzle (Araucaria araucana) is Chile’sA Chilean Larch (Fitzroya cupressoides) grows national tree, and the cutting or sale of its wood is A connoisseur and neighbor of this region is Nikin Bolton's Bench Cemetery, in the village of also forbidden. Gruber, the Senior Officer of the New ForestLyndhurst, New Forest, Hampshire England. The National Park. Mr. Gruber was the first to confirmgraveyard was named in memory of Duke of Bolton. The Monkey Puzzle tree (Araucaria araucana) that that the strange tree at Bolton Cemetery befittedThe cemetery began in 1885, when the tree was most stands on High Street, the main street of Lyndhurst, a Chilean Larch (Fitzroya cupressoides). And ofprobably planted. grows in the garden of Forest Cottage. The origins course, the Monkey Puzzle tree in Forest Cottage is of the house date to around 1700, then in 1850, a tree present in his daily life, when he drives by onIn 1916, Bolton’s Bench Cemetery was the meeting the house was remodeled, and the Monkey Puzzle High Street and serves as an inspiration to growpoint of the fifteeen thousand men of the 7th was probably planted during that overhaul. The one in his own garden.Infantry Division, before leaving for the Battle of house has had several owners and uses; in the earlythe Somme (one of the longest and bloodiest of World twentieth century it functioned as tearoom and sinceWar I). Then, during World War II, the area was a 1986 is occupied by the Fowler family.hive of activity when the American troops enteredin Lyndhurst. On both occasions, the shadow ofFitzroya cupressoides must have served the soldiersas a safe haven.

145 Una de las dos Araucarias del Jardín Botánico de Bratislava One of the two Monkey Puzzle trees in Bratislava Botanical Garden Foto/photo Martin Miklanek l Jardín Botánico de Bratislava, capital de Eslovaquia, fue he Bratislava Botanical Garden in the capital of Slovakia, el primero de su tipo en el país. Este jardín pertenece a la was the first of its kind in the country. This garden belongs Universidad Comenius de Bratislava y es uno de los paseos to the Comenius University in Bratislava and is one of thepredilectos de los habitantes y visitantes de la ciudad. El Jardín favorite leisure spots for the city’s residents and visitors. The BotanicalBotánico tiene una superficie de ocho hectáreas y es el hogar de Garden has a surface area of eight hectares and is home to aroundalrededor de cinco mil plantas, muchas de zonas exóticas, como los five thousand plants, many from exotic areas such as the two Monkeydos ejemplares de Araucaria araucana. Puzzle trees (Araucaria araucana).Eslovaquia formó parte del Reino de Hungría desde la llegada de Slovakia formed part of the Hungarian Kingdom from the arrivallos húngaros en 895 hasta el fin de la Primera Guerra Mundial of the Hungarians in 895 until the end of the First World War inen 1918, en donde pasó a formar parte de Checoslovaquia. En 1918, when it became a part of Czechoslovakia. In 1993 it regained1993 recuperó su autonomía como Eslovaquia y en mayo de 2004 its autonomy as Slovakia and in May 2004 become a member of these convirtió en miembro de la Unión Europea. La ciudad de European Union. The city of Bratislava is seated on the shores of theBratislava está situada a orillas del rio Danubio y se ubica próxima Danube River and is located near to the boarders of Austria anda las fronteras con Austria y Hungría. Hungary.Detalle tronco Araucariaaraucana joven, Jardín Botánicode BratislavaMonkey Puzzle trunk detail,Bratislava Botanical GardenFoto/photo Martin Miklanek