Rogolnika, (Ingerish: [English pronunciation:[rɒˈgɒlːnɪkɑː]]) officially the United Rogolnikan Federation, is a sovereign state in the northern part of Archanta. It is bordered by AR052a to the north, AR047 to the west, AR061 to the south, and the Drull Free State and Gulf of Archanta to the east. Its capital and largest city is Ergolanyum, located in the eastern part of the country.

The oldest recorded human settlement in the present-day Rogolnikan territory dates back around 1,000 B.C.E. Colonized by the Ingerish people in the mid-16th century, Rogolnika achieved its independence in 1727 after a 4-year war of independence, and became a kingdom. For the next 118 years, the territories of the Kingdom of Rogolnika were united together under a single monarch. It flourished and prospered as a significant maritime nation in the Archantian continent, utilizing the wealth generated from trade with foreign nations. In 1845 a liberal constitution was ratified that allowed a more democratic ruling of the monarchy. After a period of political and societal decline, the country was declared a republic in 1886, and a civil war followed that engulfed the country for the next 4 years. Reconstruction began afterwards and Rogolnika gradually developed into a wealthy nation throughout the early 1900s to the 1930s.

In the 1940s, political instability became rampant and the suffering of economic sectors led to an economic decline. A dictatorship rose to power in 1952 to fix the country's problems. It lasted until 1979 when a military government was installed that promised to provide peace, order and the reorganization of the nation's political system. In 1982 democratic rule was restored once again.

Etymology

The name "Rogolnika" came from the Ridollani word "rogolni" which means "land". The prefix -ka was added by the Ingerish to assign a 'collective name' for the land of their subjects, so the name became Rogolnika. Since the land was settled by three groups: the Ridollanians, Sontriannis and Romaldegans, the Ingerish colonists did not want to divide them and name the land to a specific group of people, so they chose a neutral name for the land. They realized that it would be difficult to rule their subjects if they are divided.

Geography

Rogolnika has an area of approximately 110,000 km2. It is bordered by AR052a to the north, AR047 to the west, AR061 to the south, and the Drull Free State and Gulf of Archanta to the east. The country is divided into four geographical regions. The mountainous areas are situated at the western and southern region, while the central areas are densely forested. The northern part is mostly flat and it is were most farmlands are located. Coastal areas are situated further south and through the easternmost part of the country.

Climate

History

Prehistory

The ancient Rogolnikans were a group of nomadic tribes that migrated south from the Greater Commonian mainland around the year 900. The present-day Rogolnika is where they settled and formed their own societies. During the excavations in the city of Merkali in the mid-1980s, stone tools and a massive burial site that contained 70 individuals were unearthed in an area near the Merkali City Hall. Carbon-dating experiments proved that these were estimated to be at least 10,000 years old.

In the 1100s, several bands formed together and established chiefdoms along the coastal areas of the Rogolnikan land. The inland ethnic groups also established the same pattern of society, and traded with each other for a long time.

Colony

The Ingerish people discovered Rogolnika in the year 1540. Ingerish accounts documented that the land was governed by petty chiefs with no official king. It was a society of farmers and fishermen that relied on barter for trade.

However, permanent colonization began after 1559 because the natives rejected the foreign colonization of the land at the time.

After the long battles against the foreign invaders, the native Rogolnikans surrendered. The Ingerish colonists made treaties with the native leaders of the chiefdoms to protect the land from the incursions of other chiefdoms and rogue tribes from the northern nations. They also convinced the native leaders that the land would be united together as a single colony, in which the Rogolnikans agreed to end all petty conflicts within the land. In 1560 the Rogolnikan land (a collective of chiefdoms from Ridollan, Naghezdan, Romaldego and Sontrian) was declared as a the "Ingerish Colony of Rogolnika", thereby uniting all native chiefdoms into one single colonial administration.

This colonization allowed the introduction of the Christic faith, and more importantly, the Ingerish language. Native names were mostly replaced by Ingerish names, but not all of the Rogolnikans adopted the name change and still retained their native last names. Though reluctant at first, the native Rogolnikans decided to adopt the Ingerish language as a vehicular language or lingua franca. One of the reasons was to be able to properly communicate with the Ingerish people and other chiefdoms throughout the colony. The process of language assimilation in the indigenous population continued for more than one hundred years, gradually spreading throughout the colony. By 1685 most of the Rogolnikan people spoke the Ingerish language.

At the beginning of the 1700's, Ingerland was ruled by a ruthless king, and a lot of things changed. Slavery and oppression was imposed, huge taxation of products (Rogolnikan materials that would be manufactured elsewhere), the depletion of the forests, and the massive influx of Ingerish people within the Rogolnikan colony. The Rogolnikans also witnessed the destruction of their traditional political system.

In the late 1710s to early 1720s the Kingdom of Ingerland was engulfed in a civil war. The Wiwaxian colony was declared a kingdom in 1722. Inspired by these radical changes, the Rogolnikans proclaimed their land as an independent kingdom in 1723. The Ingerish people retaliated, and a revolution began. From 1723 to 1727 the Rogolnikan War of Independence took place. The Ingerish and Rogolnikans waged war for control of Rogolnika, which resulted in a Rogolnikan victory with the aid of the nomadic Kiolaris settling in the midwestern part of the land.

Unlike other Ingerish colonies who were granted independence or home rule, Rogolnika was one of the only colonies to break away from Ingerland by means of war.

Kingdom

After the war of independence, the Kingdom of Rogolnika was proclaimed in 1727, with King Thomas I as its first king. From 1727 onward, the Rogolnikan kingdom faced a lot of problems. First were the incursions from the marauding armed groups from AR052a; second was the displacement of the Ingerish immigrants who stayed in Rogolnika, and the last were rogue pirates who occasionally plundered Rogolnikan trading ships, thus significantly weakening the maritime trade of the new kingdom. King Thomas needed funds to build a maritime trading route. He used most of the treasures and knowledge left by the Ingerish people to fund his maritime trade.

Unification

...more text...

It was during the monarchical era that Rogolnika gradually developed into a stable kingdom and it paved the way for growth and expansion of the cities, as well as the creation of settlements inward the land. In 1735, the territory of the Kiolari people was annexed to protect it against the invaders from the northern nations. The Rogolnikans also annexed the mountainous region of Eguliarka, inhabited by the Eguliarkan people.

King Thomas died in 1768, and his son King Martin I was crowned king. A fairly peaceful reign was evident in his rule, which was later interrupted in the early 1770s.

In April 1772 a war with neighboring AR052a broke out. The cities of Garnein and Merkali were ransacked and burned as the army from AR052a attempted to occupy both cities. They were met by a violent counterattack as thousands of Rogolnikan soldiers and distraught civilians reoccupied the two badly destroyed cities between May 17 to June 05, 1772. As a result, the Rogolnikan army successfully defended the established northern borders, but both sides suffered staggering losses.

In 1793, the Territories of Kiolar and Gadzon rebelled against the rising price of rice due to additional taxes implemented by the King. In August 4, the farmers of Kiolar rioted in Kiolar City and they were met with violence as the soldiers attempted to stabilize the farmers' riots. Other cities such as Merkali and Neiardel were also affected; however, the citizens never revolted.

By the 1800s the Rogolnikan Kingdom became a stable monarchy as it successfully managed the trade of its main tropical resources (rice, corn, pineapple, coconut, timber, etc.) to nations in South Archanta (specifically Vega), Karolia and other parts of the continent.

In 1816 a foreign delegation was sent to Zylanda as part of the Rogolnikan diplomatic relations. ...text...

In 1824 King Martin I was succeeded by his son King Antony. From 1824 to 1836 he controlled Rogolnika in an another peaceful reign. Several major banking institutions, most importantly the Royal Bank of Meridonia, was built in 1834 in Ergolanyum. He also managed to fund the creation of coal power plants in Kiolar City, Ethenrul and Merkali. New roads leading to towns were cemented and city roads were rebuilt.

In the year 1836, King Antony died. As he did not have a son, his nephew, the powerful Duke of Romaldego Charles Reigenshar assumed the regency and was named the Regent of Rogolnika. He tried to negotiate the political conflicts in the Duchy of Sontrian, but he failed to pacify them. In 1838 the eastern part of Sontrian seceded and was named Gromnard in honor of the rebel Duke Leion Gromnard. By 1838, violent riots engulfed the cities of Ethenrul, Domkarad and Toularek against total political control from the dictatorial rule of their counties. Regent Charles ordered the aggressive dispersal of city riotings. A similar riot was later held in Ergolanyum due to the violence in the central cities, which were also met with similar fates. He soon ordered violent riotings to be illegal.

In February 1839 Regent Charles' son Prince Albert was crowned as King Martin II. He was also a dictatorial figure, much like his father. From June 1839 to March 1840 he ordered the expansion of the town of Dagiryan to make it a city. Farmers began revolting in the town of Garomalyi at around this time. The Duke of Garomalyi ordered the suppression of these revolts by brutally arresting the farmers. He continued the illegal rioting policy and by 1841 Rogolnika was considered as a police state. In Ergolanyum, several nobles associated with Duke Andrew Murzennik of Ridollan planned the assassination of King Martin II, and in Jan. 7, 1844, a group of nobles successfully assassinated the king. They soon proclaimed Andrew Murzennik as King of Rogolnika on January 8th. His first royal decree as a king was to declare civilian protests and mass gatherings as legal, and ordered the city rulers and nobles to listen and negotiate to their people's demands. He ended the declaration of a police state on Jan. 11, 1844.

Constitutional Monarchy

As the kingdom grew into prosperity and success, political changes took place. In October 4, 1845 King Andrew finally changed the absolutist monarchy to a constitutional monarchy, and the peerage titles were abolished. A constitution, which was written by himself, was implemented, which gave the king fifty percent of the decision-making in the political process. The other fifty percent would be handled by the 'politicians', the name given to the nobles whose titles were revoked. It was also during his reign (1844-1851) that new and modern infrastructures were built, and new shipping routes were created. New warships were built to improve the Navy and to protect trading ships travelling to other foreign lands. Hundreds of millions of rundels were invested in these new developments.

...text...

In the 1880, a strong storm brought damage to the major cities of Ergolanyum, Ethenrul, Boulterhand and Southeast Harbour, and thousands of people died. Hunger and starvation followed due to the destruction of farmland.

...more text...

Civil War

After a long period of economic stagnation, continuation of monarchical absolutism and political instability, a military coup took place in Ergolanyum on December 5, 1886, and Rogolnika was proclaimed a republic. King Martin III was deposed and the leader of the military coup, General Mateaz Nagherulean, was proclaimed as its first president.

As the Rogolnikan Kingdom opened its borders to international trade and commerce, the flow of liberal, radical and nationalist ideas spread throughout the country. In the years leading to the coup, anarchists and liberals conspired together to help the generals of the royal army, of which they were guaranteed power if they successfully removed the king from the throne. The Rogolnikans too were unhappy that the economic situation was declining due to the expensive lifestyle of the king and his cronies, and that the trade to other nations went into a grinding halt by the interfering barbaric pirates in southern Archanta. The constitutional monarchy that was promised by the former King Andrew was ignored by Kings Bernard and Martin III.

As the coup in the capital progressed, the aggravated King Martin fled to Eguliarka to assemble troops (of mostly civilian population) to retaliate against the rebel troops in Ergolanyum. The peaceful people's gathering in the public square was later filled with gunshots as the monarchist troops entered the capital.

By 1887, the violent riots in the capital escalated to other cities, which then led to a full-scale civil war. Ergolanyum was burned to the ground, and it was named "the Great Fire of 1887". The capital burned for six days by the Ergolanyumans to prevent the monarchists from gaining ground in the capital. Ergolanyumans were evacuated to Ethenrul, the new capital of the republic, and other northern cities.

King Martin, however, still fully recognized his power to the Rogolnikan throne. By mid-1887 the cities of Bilarzem, Tomagherul and Neiardel deployed troops to the capital, and as they went through Ridollan, they were met with heavy fighting against their own compatriots.

Northern sentiment

Like many Rogolnikans in the north, the Kiolari people were divided and did not express any support to the monarchists, and some Kiolaris joined the civil war to fight the monarchists in the south. Drought affected the farmlands in the Province of Kiolar, and several hundreds have died due to malnutrition. When the Kiolari governor campaigned for the abolition of the monarchy, he was almost assassinated by rogue conspirators. After that the Kiolari people rallied in support of the civil war. Parun Legireyu, the Kiolari governor, said that the people of Kiolar and Gromnard fully support their Rogolnikan brothers in the south, and will provide help when needed.

In Gromnard the civil war was virtually non-existent, and the citizens argued that fighting against their own countrymen will put more instability to the country. On April 10, 1887, more than 2,900 workers (mostly men) in Garnein rallied against the provincial government, telling the governor that they will stop working if any Gromnardi men were to be conscripted and sent to the battlefields in the south.

By 1888, almost half of Ridollan was destroyed by warfare. In the south, Naghezdan supported their Ridollanian neighbors, of which the province was subjected to destruction by the civilians of Nayarmun. The citizens of Romaldego also helped to destabilize the monarchists in the south. The Province of Gadzon was forced to arm themselves in the conflict. With the help of Romaldego they protected the border against the invading monarchist civilians. The heavy fighting went on for eight months from March to November 1888. Both sides received heavy casualties in the process.

From 1889 to 1890, the Gadzonis battled against the Eguliarkan monarchists, of which they were able to capture the cities of Gima, Tyrambek and Toularek. The fighting continued and each of the southwestern cities were either destroyed, or occupied by the revolutionary forces. Both fronts suffered major losses. In January 1890 the city of Domkarad fell to the revolutionaries after a 20-day battle (Jan. 7-27, 1890).

On July 5, 1890 King Martin III was abducted in Domkarad by the revolutionary forces, and he was detained in the Durgenn concentration camp. Here, the military generals offered him to be exiled to another country, of which he declined, saying that it was better for him to die in Rogolnika. General Nagherulean offered him to renounce his kingship and be an ordinary citizen, of which he declined too. The dialog became an infuriating sight, of which King Martin refused to accept to the offerings of his former generals. His reason for keeping himself in power was because his distant family united the country for a long time. Violently removing him from power will signify disunity and chaos throughout the country, as was exhibited by the civil war. The generals argued to him that his kingship was no longer valid, as the Rogolnikans were not contented by the slavery caused their king, and the promised constitutional monarchy having never been made, as the royal family simply expanded their political power and ignored the constitutional laws. After a week of negotiation and embitterment, the former King Martin III agreed for an exile and a safe departure in the Principado de Vega, in which he spent spent his final years.

The fighting continued for another four months, until the monarchists flew the white flag in the city of Domkarad on November 14, 1890. Almost half a million Rogolnikans died in the conflict, including civilians. The reason that the civil war never escalated outside of Rogolnika is because the Navy protected its maritime borders and they ensured that no occupying forces will intervene in the national conflict.

Republic

Democracy (1886-1952)

The 'Rogolnikan Republic' existed immediately after the downfall of the monarchy and continued onward as the civil war took place. King Martin III did not really declare a separate country, since he still fully acknowledges Rogolnika as a kingdom. As the disastrous civil war ended in 1890, slow progress took place in the country but it was nevertheless effective, as the politicians focused mainly on rebuilding the nation instead of the problems that caused the civil war. The subsequent governments afterwards focused greatly on rebuilding the country's damaged infrastructure and resuming diplomatic relations to rich countries such as Meridonia and Vega, among others.

In the early 20th century, technological advancements, modernization, and tourism began to take place throughout Rogolnika. New universities and schools were built to facilitate the growth of education and literacy. New towns were built to alleviate the overpopulation in the cities, and new hospitals were constructed to cure the ailing citizens and sick people. Immigration from other countries were encouraged, although only small foreign communities settled in.

During this era, the political power was held by the Conservatives and the Nationalists, while the opposition parties are the Socialists and the radical left People's Radical Union. The Conservatives and Nationalists alternately governed the nation, though the more favored by the people was the Nationalists, as the Conservatives are made up of the rich ruling class. The People's Radical Union was mainly an opposition political party of the workers and also represents the poor people. In 1914, Nationalist President Markus Mintraze (1913-1916) enacted the law about lowering the male voting age to 18 from the age 21 and he also provided financial funding for small businesses and local rural farmers. In 1916, Conservative President Paul Migheral (1916-1921) granted the vote for women. By the late 1920's, most of the intensive manual-labor manufacturing industries soon became mechanized to reduce expensive operating costs.

From early 1930's to the 1940's, capitalism and "business as usual" became the official policy throughout Rogolnika. Foreign investments came in and more people became wealthy, especially the ruling class. Corporations became wealthier, and as a result, workers demanded more rights and privileges to their employment. This became a problem as the 'ruling class' managed to lobby their political and personal interests, while the people, especially the workers, became marginalized. More people were laid off of work as the mechanization of industries became the norm. This resulted in the rise of workers joining the labour unions, the ever growing gap between the rich and poor, and the spread of socialism, progressivism, and anarchism emerged. Political infighting between the ruling class and opposition groups led to the furtherance of instability in the government. During the presidencies of Mikhel Gauralde (1940-45) and Harold Roandimar (1945-50) opposition demonstrations and reforms were ignored and were met with extreme opposition and violence. Due to the scarcity of employment opportunities, unemployed people resorted to joining criminal organizations just to earn money. Economic hardship and political corruption by the Conservative ruling class became the legacy of their administration.

Global War

...more text...

In the 1950 national elections, opposition leader Mario Golmerxan of the Nationalist Party won the presidency and gained a 54% of the overall national vote. He promised to bring changes and peace in the government and throughout the country. After two years he made sweeping changes to the government, and he sought the support of the Conservatives and the opposition groups in governing the nation.

Dictatorship (1952-1979)

Golmerxan became the dictator of Rogolnika and ruled with an iron fist from 1952 to 1979. He abolished the Constitution, along with constitutional freedoms and rights, civil liberties, political criticism and opposition party members. He even banned the ruling class from opposing him and they were also jailed. Censorship was implemented and a state-run propaganda media was enforced. When Parmatanya seceded from Sontrian in 1952 due to economic reasons, he congratulated the Parmatanyan leaders and blamed the Sontrian government for maladministration. He expelled all the corrupt Sontriani leaders from their power. Throughout the dictatorship the secret police (called 'People's Security Agency' or PSA), separate from the national police, participated in torture and intimidation through fear to eliminate dissent and opposition against the government.

As an authoritarian dictator, he created a lot of public programs that somehow benefited the Rogolnikan people, especially the creation of major infrastructures and public works. He modernized, reorganized the army hierarchy and upgraded the army hardware, invested heavily on renewable energy programs, and the creation of the said facilities throughout the nation to meet Rogolnika's energy needs. He made a compromise to the CEOs of major national corporations and oil companies to either support him, leave the country, or be jailed for opposing him. Most corporation CEOs unanimously supported his government just to avoid losing profits. From 1955 to 1974, the Rogolnikan government borrowed a total of 19 billion Karolian Koronas from Meridonia as a foreign loan to fund all his public programs. Three years later an additional 5 billion Koronas were borrowed.

To tackle the growing unemployed population, he wanted all Rogolnikan citizens who were capable of work to be employed. An employment law was enacted in April 1971, stating that every Rogolnikan men and women over the age of 17 must work and be employed, and all unemployed or poor citizens must be given work or perish in the concentration camps. Those who are against the new law were met with violence. Clashes occurred between the youth, workers and police just six months after the law was signed, which resulted in the arrest of 205 people and 165 people were killed. The law was abandoned in Jan. 27, 1972.

Golmerxan demanded that all Rogolnikans must pledge loyalty to the Nationalist government, i.e. his government. He was a very ambitious leader and he knew very well that if the Rogolnikans rebel against him, he will not be able to rule for a long time, which is clearly his main goal in life. So, he pacified the people by not imposing a totalitarian form of government. All he ever wanted was the total control of the government and the nation, and not the adulation of his own people.

Throughout his regime, he ordered the imprisonment of political activists and tortured a lot of people. He also commanded the reconstruction of old concentration camps to keep his prisoners "entertained". He sent out spies against his political enemies and ordered them to be tortured, or even killed. Most of all, kidnappings became rampant throughout the country. Most victims are: civilians, opponent politicians, criminals, cripples/invalids, homosexuals, undocumented foreign immigrants and absolutely no one was spared. Every citizen is a target; paranoia and mistrust reigned throughout the country. Rogolnikan historians believe that he polarized the people to rule them easily. He encouraged people to be apathetic so the possibility of protesting would be slim. Over time, Rogolnikans became disillusioned with their government that they fled to other neighboring countries.

In the 1970's Golmerxan became fearful and paranoid that foreign nations will be concerned of what is happening inside the country, that Rogolnika was just a facade of great progress but its society is completely repressed. He limited the foreign relations of Rogolnika and ordered the closure of all borders to neighboring and diplomatic countries beginning in 1965. AR009 became very concerned about the horrible situation that is happening inside Rogolnika that they sent spies to check the situation in the country. Other foreign relations were strained as the diplomatic embassies were closed.

As the citizens became fearful of their government, so as the military. Plans for the assassination of Golmerxan were carried out in 1973 and in 1977, in which both attempts failed to kill him. After those events, he ordered all assassins and conspirators to be caught, tortured and killed immediately by the secret police. Even military leaders involved in the assassination were stripped of their titles and killed. Finally, in October 9, 1979 he was successfully assassinated by conspirators while attending the opening of a new retail market in Ethenrul. Celebrations throughout the major cities began after news of Golmerxan's death. To prevent a power vacuum, the military rule assumed power at the same day, as announced by local radio stations throughout the country. The police force soon swore allegiance to the new government. In Ergolanyum, the secret police (PSA) clashed against the army for five days straight (October 12 to 17) to retake control of the capital. Chaos began and many civilians were injured and killed. They finally surrendered on October 17, hereby ending the 27-year dictatorship.

Military Rule (1979-1982)

In October 1979, the army generals, led by Generals Romo Zellenkor, Nelson Peyragan and Anthony Melzer, overthrow the dictatorship of Golmerxan and established the "National Military Council", and declared that they would rule for three years to return the country to democracy. The new leaders immediately set to reorganize the administration and bring back the democratic government, release all innocent civilians, political prisoners and put to exile all the remaining supporters of the dictator. Gen. Zellenkor ordered every citizen to hand in their leaders who are deemed 'corrupt and untrustworthy, and are still loyal to the dictator', and that they must be deported outside of Rogolnika. The military junta declared martial law, and asked for the full support and cooperation of the Rogolnikan people. Any opposition to the military government will be punished by indefinite imprisonment.

From November 1979 to May 1980, the military leaders brought back the Constitution, held a constitutional referendum and made a decision to abolish the presidential system and make the country into a parliamentary republic, headed by a Prime Minister of the government and a ceremonial President. In this way political gridlocks, abuse of power and instability can be prevented. Also, this was done so that the people can approve or disapprove significant changes that will be made in the constitution. On February 12, the referendum took place: 75% of the population approved the new changes. 19% said no to changes while 6% didn't vote. Three days later, on February 15, a new constitution was set in Rogolnika.

While the Constitutional Referendum is taking place, in February 1980 Zellenkor ordered the release of all political prisoners, dissidents and innocent civilians (except for the criminals), brought them back to their respective constituencies and then let the people decide which individuals will run for the national elections. On July 16, national elections for deputy members began. It was the first time in more than two decades that national elections took place again in the land. The election went in a smooth manner, and by August 1980 more than 200 members made up the new Chamber of Deputies. The Progressive Party (former Socialist Party) won the majority government, and Felip Koudro, a former opponent of the dictator, automatically became the Prime Minister of the nation.

Since the constitution took place, Prime Minister Koudro worked well with the military leaders, to help the victims of the dictatorship, bring justice to the innocent people and held hearings and investigations against the cronies and loyalist of the Golmerxan government. To prevent hero worship and idolatry to the former dictator, the government buried Golmerxan and dedicated a simple burial in a secret place deep in the forests of Romaldego.

Modern Times (1982-present)

In October 1982, the President of the country (Gen. Zellenkor) resigned, thus ending the three-year military government. Koudro remained the Prime Minister and he appointed his loyal confidant Karo Amalgin, as President.

During this era the Progressives dominated the national government, with a few alternate governments held by National Democratic League. Rogolnika at this point achieved a fairly stable economy, with less political strife and a peaceful life for its citizens.

Civil rights

In the 1980s during the post-dictatorship era, the civil liberties movement grew, and the Progressive government implemented many laws protecting human rights, the right to religion and belief and the right to free speech. Discrimination among Rogolnikans and other foreign minorities, regardless of ethnic background and nationality, were outlawed.

...more text in the future...

On July 15, 2015 national elections took place and National Democratic leader Edward Raheli became the prime minister, hereby ending the 10-year Progressive government of Mitragany.

Government and Politics

National Level

Rogolnika's government is a parliamentary republic, as stated in the recent 1980 Rogolnikan Constitution. The former presidential system of government that turned into an authoritarian dictatorship was abolished by the military in 1979. Under the military rule a Constitutional referendum took place, and military leaders chose the parliamentary system of government.

The government has three branches:

Executive

The Prime Minister (PM) is the Head of the Government and he/she appoint ministers to the Ministerial Council to direct the administration of the country. Usually, he/she is the leader of the majority party in the Chamber of Deputies and also responsible for directing the government affairs and overseeing the whole governance of his party's platforms. Since mid-2015 the current Prime Minister is Edward Raheli from the National Democratic League.

The President on the other hand, is the Head of State. His/her role is purely ceremonial and has no real political power. He is appointed by the Prime Minister and should belong to the same political party as the Prime Minister. He/she can call early elections if the PM resigns or dies, and his term will only end at the appointment of a new President. The current President is Oliver Saldiyu.

Legislative

This branch is called the Parliament and is made up of two parts: Higher Council (upper house) and the Chamber of Deputies (lower house), headed by Higher Council Chairman and the Chamber Speaker, respectively. There are 195 members for the Chamber of Deputies, coming from all the county deputies elected in each Province, while there are 32 Members (2 Members each Province) makes up the Higher Council. These politicians elected in the Chamber proposes the bills that would then be examined and debated by the Higher Council members. These bills would become the laws of the land after the approval of the Prime Minister. If the Prime Minister loses the support of more than half of the deputy members, then the PM must resign.

Judiciary

The National Court of Justice is the highest court of the land, headed by the Chief Justice, who is appointed by the Prime Minister based on the suggestion of the President. The NCJ settles all major disputes and issues, mostly of national importance.

Sub-National Level

Each Province is governed by a Governor, which then appoints his/her Representative in the Provincial Legislatures or Assemblies. Every Province also has their own Provincial and local courts.

Municipal/City Government

Every city elects their own Prime Councillor (Mayor), which is the head of the City Government Council (CGC). The CGC is the main council that governs the city.

Political Parties

List of political parties in Rogolnika and their political philosophies:

Note: Currently the anarchists (People's Radical Anarchist Union) and the far-right nationalists (Rogolnikan Patriotic Union) are barred from participating in parliamentary elections as they represent hateful and extremist values of the right-wing and left-wing ideologies.

Relations with Belphenia

During Belphenia's First Leader Reiko Beard's visit to Rogolnika on late March 2015, she and Prime Minister Mitragany agreed to a foreign humanitarian aid for the homeless people in Rogolnika affected by floods and landslides. The agreement states the gradual deployment of 130,000 Belphenian workers to Rogolnika to build houses for the affected people. Belphenian workers have a fixed contract of one year to build houses in the Rogolnikan territory.

The foreign aid will still continue even after a new government is elected to power on July 2015.

Armed Forces

The Rogolnikan Armed Forces is the organization responsible for the protection and defense of the national and domestic security of Rogolnika. It is composed of three branches: the Army, Navy and the Air Force, and are all coordinated under the Ministry of National Defense. The Prime Minister of Rogolnika is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and holds all the power and decision-making for the country's defense.

Conscription is mandatory for all men starting at the age of 19. Some people may consider a military career as a way to improve themselves and to serve the country. The Armed Forces also has volunteer reserves for peacekeeping missions to the volatile areas around the world, particularly in Commonia. Since the country has never been engaged in a foreign war other than the civil war, most soldiers mainly guards and secures the territorial borders of the country and cracking down illegal and criminal activity together with the help of local police forces. Other soldiers also help and volunteer to local communities and towns for construction and labor jobs while also training in camps outside the cities for two weeks in a month.

Another branch separate from the military but under the Ministry of National Defense is the Internal Armed Forces, and is made up of the Rogolnikan Police Force, Coast Guard, Border Security and Airport Police, all of which manages security measures and combat criminal activities in local areas within State boundaries.

The country also manufactures heavy machinery equipment, computer spare parts, clothing, food and many others.

Demographics

Ethnicity

...more text in the future...

Languages

Ingerish and Kiolari are the official languages spoken in Rogolnika. In the west and southwestern part of the country, Eguliarkan is spoken in the Provinces on Eguliarka and Nayarmun. However, it is only a regional language. These area uses Ingerish to communicate to people in the northern parts of the country.

Rogolnikan Ingerish is almost the same as Ingerish but the words are slightly different.

Ingerish/Rogolnikan-Ingerish

Post office

Mail office

Public toilet

Comfort room

Railway carriage

Train wagon

Car Park

Parking area

Garbage Can

Trash bin

Power Socket

Electric outlet

trainers

running shoes

Petrol

Gas

Density

Religion

Culture

The two official languages of Rogolnika are Ingerish and Kiolari. Both languages are used in television and radio programs, universities and for everyday life. Christic belief, influenced by the Ingerish colonists, is the main religion of the country, while ethnic Kiolaris and Eguliarkan people practice animism belief, shamanism and nature worship. The literacy rate of Rogolnika is is 90.7%.

Music

Clothing

Sport

Cuisine

Film and media

Attitudes and values

National Character

Here are some stereotypes about the Rogolnikan people:

Rogolnikans living in the EAST = modern, liberal, workaholic, driven by passion/ambition and success, open-minded, more technologically inclined, both Christian and non-religious

However, these stereotypes may not always be true and accurate, since people are always constantly moving throughout the country.

Flag

Holidays

The 'Holidays' are the days that are designated for special, national, provincial, cultural and significant events. If a date is considered a National Holiday, most Rogolnikans are not obligated to work, except for the military. Provincial Holidays, as the name implies, are only holidays that are celebrated in a specific province/s. It depends on each province whether the citizens will work or stay at home during provincial holidays. Statutory Holidays (also called Working Holidays) are holidays that are observed nationally but are not national holidays, and Rogolnikans must work on these days.

The following dates are holidays observed in Rogolnika:

Date

Holiday

Type of Holiday

Notes

January 1

New Year's Day

National

Beginning of the year

April 5-7

Shamanic Celebrations

Provincial; Statutory on other Provinces

Observed only in the Provinces of Gadzon and Kiolar; focused on spiritual & psychological healing

May 2

Labour Day

National

Holiday for all workers & employees

May 12

Independence Day

National

Commemorates the independence of Rogolnika from the Ingerland

June 3 & 4

Harvest Festival

National

Local harvests are displayed on parades in all cities

July 17

Family Day

Statutory

Day of celebration between families and friends and spending time with each other.

September 4

Flag Day

Statutory

Day of commemoration for the recent flag

October 9

Revolution Day

National

Day of the victorious military coup that ousted the dictatorship

December 5

Republic Day

National

Day in which the democratic rule was declared in Rogolnika

Infrastructure

Roads

...more text in the future...

Rail

...more text in the future...

Air transport

The national airline and flag carrier of the country is the Rogolnikan Airways, which travels to a lot of major cities around the world. Its office is located at the Ergolanyum International Airport (EIA). Other important airlines are KiolAir, which is a regional airline, and the low-cost ViewAir.

Other important airports are Domkarad International Airport (DIA) and Felip Koudro International Airport (FKIA) (named after the first Prime Minister). Both airports act as gateways of Rogolnika and serves as support in handling international air traffic together with the main airport at Ergolanyum.