We should celebrate. The gender war is over. In the UK, equal opportunity policies for women in the labour market have been remarkably successful. For the first time in our history, women are now free to take up any occupation or career on the same basis as men. Today, there are more female students than male students. The pay gap (at 10% of median earnings) is now marginal. In this and countless other ways, women and men enjoy comparable career opportunities in the UK.

But we are not celebrating this good news. Indeed, too many politicians still seem to be fighting the last war, inspired by a series of feminist myths, most of which have been discredited by the latest academic research. As I explain in my new report published by the Centre for Policy Studies, too many people assume that differences in men and women’s attainment of top jobs are treated as self-evident proof of widespread sex discrimination and sex-role stereotyping rather than the result of personal choices and preferences.

Thus, we hear calls to smash the glass ceiling, to eliminate the pay gap and to end sex differentials. Such calls are not only made by Harriet Harman and various Guardian journalists but have also been echoed in recent Conservative documents such as its 2010 manifesto supplement, A Contract for Equalities. This suggested that government imposition of quotas on corporate boards could help to tackle the gender pay gap. And in the autumn the Coalition invited Lord Davies of Abersoch to develop proposals for women on company boards.

The simple truth is that, despite feminist claims to the contrary, most men and women have different career aspirations and priorities.