Background: This is an unusual book that could have been published
only early in the Nazi period. It has a wide variety of unflattering cartoons
about Adolf Hitler, with commentaries explaining how false they were in
light of Hitlerís success. The Nazis were in high spirits, and took pleasure
in looking back on the insults they had suffered (and triumphed over).
Once Hitler was established as the all-powerful dictator, such a book
would have been an encouragement to critical views. A later edition of
the book, with fresh cartoons, appeared later in 1933. And a final edition,
with no new cartoons, appeared in 1938. Interestingly, Ernst Hanfstaengl,
the editor, had since fled the country, and his name was removed. He was
an early, Harvard-educated supporter of Hitler.

Books of cartoons after 1933 made little mention of Hitler.
For example, Ernst Herbert Lehmannís Mit
Stift und Gift. Zeitgeschehen in der Karikatur (Berlin:
Carl Stephenson Verlag, 1939) contained many cartoons caricaturing
foreign leaders, but had no pictures at all of Hitler. A pamphlet
titled Unser aller Hitler, published
by the Propaganda Ministry in 1940, did include several Hitler
caricatures, though this was aimed at residents of parts of France
incorporated into Germany.

The book was popular. The copy I am working from brought the
total in print to 40,000. There are a total of about 75 cartoons
in the book. I provide here the ones I find most interesting.

Immediately after the war, a pamphlet titled Hitler, wie ihn die Welt sah was published in the Soviet occupied zone. It printed about a dozen cartoons, some this book, but with a different purpose. It stated: “Germans! When you look at these cartoons, you will know why the Hitler state was destroyed!”

Hitler in Caricature

Title: April First

What they wrote: This cartoon was published on 1 April
1924 while Hitler was in the Landsberg Prison. It presents Hitlerís
triumphant entry through the Brandenburg Gate as a silly April
Foolís idea. However, on 30 January 1933...

What happened: ...it came true.

Title: None

What they wrote: Simplicissimus (a satirical
magazine) suggested in January 1928 that the NSDAP would split
so often that in the end only Hitler would be left.

What happened: The NSDAP did not split, but Hitler
was in fact left alonebut in an entirely different sense. Today
in Germany there are no parties or party leaders other than Hitler.

Title: Adolf

What they wrote: In testimony before the National Court
on 25 September 1930, Hitler declared that after a seizure of
power by National Socialism “heads would roll” in Germany.
The magazine Ulk found that the occasion for this truly
revolting cartoon.

What happened: After taking power Hitler did let a
large number of earlier “heads” roll into concentration
camps. This was because he was determined to be a generous victor
and because he wanted to spare the healthy and constructive population
the horror of a violent reckoning with his opponents.

Title: Hitler Advances

What they wrote: On 14 September 1930, the National
Socialist Party increased its number of seats in the Reichstag
from 12 to 107. New rules made its work almost impossible, so
the National Socialist faction stayed away. The cartoonist used
this situation to suggest that the party was going backwards
like a lobster, and would never reach a dictatorship in such
a manner.

What happened: Events turned out entirely differently.
Hitler and his National Socialist lobster moved forward so quickly
that the opponents not only had to retreat, but committed suicide.

Title: How Hitler says “legal”

What they wrote: The cartoon suggests that Hitler will
break his promise to follow a legal path and will misuse the
S.A. to gain power.

What happened: On 25 September 1930 Hitler testified
to the National Court in Leipzig:

The National Socialist movement will seek to reach its goals
through legal means. The law provides the means, but not the
goal. We will seek to gain a decisive majority in the lawmaking
bodies, and at the moment in which we succeed we will give the
state a form corresponding to our ideas.

Hitler kept his promise! With the “decisive majority”
that the National Socialist German Workers’ Party won in the
“lawmaking bodies” Hitler took power legally on 30
January 1933, and then “gave the state the form” that
corresponded to the ideas of National Socialism.

Title: Hitlerís Dream

What they wrote: The cartoonist in this March 1932
cartoon presents Hitlerís dream as laughable...

What happened: But on 21 March 1933 in Potsdam it became
most dignified truth.

What they wrote: The wish is the father to the thought
in this cartoon. To the annoyance of his opponents, Hitler consistently
refused to make election promises.

What happened: But within a few months of his takeover
of power, he fulfilled more of the hopes of his German comrades
than his opponents found pleasant.

Title: The Result of Voting for Hitler

What they wrote: The rule of the swastika would destroy
Germany.

What happened: Since the establishment of the “rule
of the swastika” in Germany, the German Reich is stronger
than ever before, and Hitler has powers as chancellor that no
German monarch or chancellor ever had before him.

Title: None

What they wrote: The actions of the Social Democrats
have pinched the Nazis (September 1932)

What happened: Before these laughable Socialist pliers
could squeeze the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, Hitlerís
hammer had destroyed the SPD.

Title: The Führerís Complaint: “How can I
become a dictator if no one helps!”

What happened: Hitlerís successes since the takeover
of power, which are recognized by the entire world, answer the
cartoonist: Either Hitlerís successes are his alone, or he had
help. If the first is true, he needs no help, and if the second
is true, he had help.

Title: A hot seat is sometimes uncomfortable...!

What they wrote: The cartoon suggests that the men
who created the November Democracy will make it impossible for
Hitler to stay in power.

What happened: Hitlerís power is firmer today than
ever. He dealt with the problem by getting rid of these November
Men. He is sitting much more comfortably than they are.

Title: A cartoon from “The Nation” in New
York (5 April 1933)

What they wrote: The cartoon suggests that Hitler wants
war.

What happened: On 15 July 1933 Germany signed the “Four Power
Pact” in Rome, which guarantees peace between England, France, Italy,
and Germany for the next ten years.