The University of Brasília (UNB) is one of the most important institutions of higher education in Brazil. Founded in 1962, its campus is located in the main central area of the capital city and occupies 395 hectares. It consists of 25 institutes and colleges, 25 specialized research centers and 1,900 teachers.

Today, UNB has over 27,000 students in 103 undergraduate, 24 and 14 nighttime distance, divided into four campuses throughout the Federal District: Pilot Plan, Planaltina, Ceilândia and Gamma.

The teaching, research and extension are developed in an integrated way, influencing the process of educating students and the production of knowledge. The 64 options for master and 45 doctoral bring together more than 5000 students graduate. Researchers at UNB have 400 labs, University Hospital, two veterinary hospitals, Central Library, Editora UnB, Computer Center, in addition to the Clean Water Farm, which has an area of about four thousand acres.

The University of Brasilia was inaugurated on April 21, 1962. It currently has more than 1,900 teachers and around 2,525 servers. The UNB offers 103 undergraduate, 64 masters, 45 PhD and 73 specializations. The agencies further assist students in developing teaching jobs, research and extension. They are: the University Hospital of Brasília, the Central Library, the Clean Water Farm, the Computer Center, the TV and Editora UnB UnB.

Creation
Brasilia was two years old when he won his official federal university. Inaugurated on April 21, 1962, the University of Brasilia (UNB) worked from the beginning of that month, the Ministry of Health Day on April 9 marked the beginning of classes for 413 students who had provided the first college entrance examinations, with him, the very institution that was to become one of the most renowned in Brazil.

This path, however, required efforts. Although the original design of Brasilia already provide a space for UNB - between the North Wing and Lake Paranoá - the struggle for the construction was great. All because of the proximity to the Presidential Palace, Congress and even the Esplanade. Some authorities did not want students to interfere in the political life of the city. Finally, after intense negotiations, on December 15, 1961, the then President Joao Goulart 3998 signed legislation authorizing the establishment of the university.

Anthropologist Darcy Ribeiro, creator, founder and first president of UNB, dreamed of an institution devoted to the transformation - unlike the traditional model created in the 1930s. In Brazil, it was the first to be divided into central institutes and colleges. From this perspective, the courses were created stem, in which the students had basic training and after two years, followed for the institutes and colleges. The first three courses were stem: Law, Administration and Economy, Brazilian Literature, and Architecture.

The inauguration of Brasilia, at 10 am that April 21, 1962, resembled much to their own capital. Almost everything was a construction site, very few buildings were ready. The Two Candangos Auditorium where the ceremony occurred, was terminated 20 minutes before. Its name honors the builders Expedito Gedelmar Marques Gomes and Xavier, who died buried in an accident during construction.

The institution was then 13 thousand square meters of building area spread over nine buildings, 35 times lower than in 2006 (464 thousand square meters), according to the Department of Planning, UnB. Earlier, only students of Architecture and Urbanism attended class on campus under construction, so they could practice. The other courses were taught in the 9th floor of the Ministry of Health Administration and the rectory occupied part of the Ministry of Education.

Democratization
The early 1980s were marked by the attempted democratization of the university. In May 1984, Professor Cristovam Buarque was the first president to be elected by the community college, taking the rectory on July 26, 1985. Cristovam symbolically reincorporated teachers who participated in the collective resignation in 1965.

In March 1989, created the first evening course at UNB, the Administration. The institution would adapt to a new profile of university students. The need to work during the day leaving many potential scientists and researchers outside the only public university in Brasilia. Until then, private colleges were taking over the space left by UNB.

Thereafter, during the 1990s, were created over 13 courses at night. In the 2nd half of 2006, almost 20% of students were enrolled in the round, 4,269 students in 15 courses available.

Growth
The social commitment of the university has also increased in other fronts. Starting with the expansion of the number of students enrolled. According to the SPL, in 2002, UNB had 21,734 students enrolled in regular undergraduate courses, 32% over 1998 and almost 53 times the number of students from the first entrance exam in 1961.

At the postgraduate level, the increase in the number of students was also significant. Between 1998 and 2002, an increase of students in master's of 37% (from 668 to 915) and the PhD from 67% (from 605 to 1013 students). This phenomenon also reflects the level of teachers. In 2002, the SPL data showed that of 1,297 teachers of UNB, 67% were doctors and 26% masters. With the growth of the university, there was the need to increase the supply of courses. In 1961, there were five courses, courses that were part of the stem, in 2006, that figure rose to 63, 15 at night and two in the distance.
The university is a living organism. Not only by size but by the entire infrastructure. On campus, there are banks, post office, gas station, convenience store, barber shop and shoe shop, stationery, photocopiers, bookstore, restaurants, cafeterias, etc..

SPL data show that in 2004, UNB had 396 laboratories, 51 departments, 22 colleges and institutes, 14 centers, five deaneries, the additional five (Central Library, Computer Centre, Centre for Cultural and Educational Production, Editor University Brasilia, Clean Water Farm and University Hospital), three offices and a veterinary hospital, with two units: one small and one large.

The Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro - the name given in honor done in February 1995, two years before the death of the creator of UNB - has 3.95 million square meters (395 ha), equivalent to 33 stadiums the Maracanã, the largest stadium the world. Of these, 463 thousand square meters are building area. For the next year, at least four buildings will be erected, the Institutes of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration, Accounting and Information Science and Documentation Centre and Selection, Promotion and Events (CESP).

Raids
In 1964, the dictatorship installed by the military coup would difficult years for UNB. Indeed, the institution was already taken by brasiliense extrauniversitários sectors as a focus of leftist thought, a view that only intensified with the military. And, to be closer to power, was one of the hardest hit. And university professors have been billed as subversives or communists. Commented that there was a Marxist tendency in Brasilia, led by the young and idealistic teacher.

The campus was invaded and surrounded by military police and army several times during the year. On October 18, 1965, after the resignation of 15 teachers accused of subversion, 209 professors and instructors have signed collective resignation in protest against the repression suffered at the university. At one time, the institution has lost 79% of its faculty.

That was not the only year in which the lessons were interrupted by intruders. The 1968 was marked by demonstrations and protests against the military regime. The students wanted to show the company what happened at UnB. In August, the then president Benjamin Caio Dias called the police action to defend the heritage of the university, claiming he could not control the students. The second invasion, considered the most violent, the use of weapons, equipment destruction and arrests, was triggered by the death of a high school student Edson Luis de Lima Souto, dead at age 20 in Rio de Janeiro when the PM has invaded the restaurant Dungeon.

At UNB, about three thousand students gathered to protest the killing and give the name of Edson in the square located between the College of Education and the basketball court. That was the trigger for the decree of the arrest of seven students, among them Honestino Guimaraes, arrested only in 1973 in Rio de Janeiro, where he lived in hiding. Today is part of the list of missing political. With the decree, police officers Military, Civil, Political (Dops) and the Army invaded the UNB and detained over 500 people on the basketball court. In all, 60 of whom were eventually arrested and Waldemar Alves student was shot in the head and spent months in hospital in serious condition.

After this most turbulent period, on March 25, 1971, teacher and researcher Amadeu Cury took over the rectory with a proposed restructuring of the university. This started in the stage of academic and physical consolidation of UNB. A less confrontational attitude of the administration won government funding for the institution. In the 1970s, were created 14 new courses, an increase of 82% compared to 1962. But the climate reconstruction and calm lasted only a few years. With the inauguration of Professor, Doctor of Physics and naval officer, Jose Carlos de Almeida Azevedo, in May 1976, demonstrations resumed.

A year after the change in the rectory, multiplied the protests of students against poor quality of education, idle in laboratories, lack of teachers, among others.

The political crisis of UNB exceeded the bounds of campus. The Senate created a committee to interfere in the conflict. About 150 teachers came as mediators between the rectory and students. Again, on June 6, 1977, troops stormed the UNB, trapping students and notifying faculty and staff.

Innovations
To assess the students on Higher Education, from 1996 to 2003, the Ministry of Education (MEC) launched the National Course Examination, the General Test. There was a trial year for graduates of some courses. The results were given by concepts - the best universities earned 20% A, 20% worse, E, and the rest were distributed among B, C and D. During the lifetime of the examination, the UNB won 75% 13% grades A and B.

In 1996, UNB established the Serial Evaluation Program (SBP) as an alternative to college. It consists of tests given at the end of each year of high school. The best placed at the end of the three steps are automatically approved for the university. The intent of the SBP is to encourage schools to better prepare students with denser content from the first year of high school.

In the first ten years of the program in 2006, more than 50 000 students participated in the SBP. Of these, 8,547 have become freshmen at UnB. It requires dedication over the three years of high school and not just in preparation for the exam, the performance among these students is better compared to others. The first students entered the university in the first half of 1999. PAS is open to all students in the country.

Another significant change occurred in 2004. The second year's entrance examination, held on 26 and 27 June, was the first to adopt the system of quotas for blacks, approved in June 2003 by the Board of Education, Research and Extension (ECE) University, which also approved the same day, the inclusion of the Indians (twice a year, about 10 openings are available to members of indigenous communities). The program provides 20% reservation of seats for students who declare themselves black at the registration and choose the quota system. In all, 4,173 candidates had their applications approved by the new regime. And 378 were approved.

The measure was controversial, but the UnB - the first university to adopt the federal system - sought to assume its role in the struggle for a project to combat racism and social exclusion. In the same direction, they signed the agreement with the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI). In 2006, only 0.36% of the Indians, who according to a survey done in 2000 was 368 000, enrolled in higher education. The idea is that the natives return to their villages and applying knowledge to improve the quality of life of their peoples, without this meaning acculturation. The test for admission has the same characteristics as proof of shipment and the candidate must achieve a minimum score. The agreement was signed on March 12, 2004. The UNB is one of the universities that interact more with the community. In 2005, according to the Service Agreements and Contracts (SCO), 296 agreements were between the UNB and public and private companies in Brazil and abroad.