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Introduction to Linux - A Hands on Guide

This guide was created as an overview of the Linux Operating System, geared toward new users as an exploration tour and getting started guide, with exercises at the end of each chapter.
For more advanced trainees it can be a desktop reference, and a collection of the base knowledge needed to proceed with system and network administration. This book contains many real life examples derived from the author's experience as a Linux system and network administrator, trainer and consultant. They hope these examples will help you to get a better understanding of the Linux system and that you feel encouraged to try out things on your own.

Sorry for the noob question here, I'm just getting started with scripting, and I need a simple result. I just want grep to take a directory path from $1 and cut the directory name off the end of it in the script. So

If the variable contains "/home/czarherr" then last_component is "czarherr" and directory_component is "/home". As another example, if the variable was "/usr/local/share/themes/" then last_component is "themes" and directory_component is "/usr/local/share"

There are ways to do the same thing with sed, awk, and others, but this is probably what you're looing for.