Wholetone D Flat to D Flat

Broken Chords C to E Flat

Arpeggios ascending

Arpeggios descending

Again, there are no hard and fast rules about how to use them. Try using vowel sounds on their own or single syllables like lah, loo, maw, me, ( pew is always useful!).

Breathe comfortably to begin with - and take a breath wherever you have to. You'll find you can take fewer breaths as your control increases, until as with the other scales, you can do the whole exercise in one breath.

Practice singing them smoothly (legato) or make each note detached (staccato). Have fun making up your own exercises.

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