Criminal justice

2. The basic
concepts of American law enforcement and criminal justice originated in:

A) New England

B) Texas

C) New York

D) England

D) England p. 146

3.

3. Under the tithing
system, groups of 10 families (or a tithing) would follow three of
the principles listed below. Which one does NOT belong?

A) Agree to
follow the law

B) Keep the
peace in their areas

C) Select one man from each parish as chief
peacekeeper

D) Bring law
violators to justice

C) Select one man from each parish as chief
peacekeeper P.146

4.

4. The
Statute of Winchester
formalized the ____ system of protection.

A) shire reeve

B) constable-watch

C) tithing

D) hue and cry

B) constable-watch

5.

5. According
to Peel, the main function of the police was to ____ by ____ of the community.

A) solve
crime; active investigation

B) prevent crime; preventive patrol

C) solve
crime; preventive patrol

D) prevent
crime; active investigation

B) prevent crime; preventive patrol

6.

6. Earlier in
American history, two forms of police protection began to evolve—the ____ in
the villages, towns, and cities; and the ____ in the rural areas,
unincorporated areas, and counties.

A) sheriff;
tithing system

B) sheriff;
constable-watch system

C) constable-watch system; sheriff

D) constable-watch
system; tithing system

C) constable-watch system; sheriff p.149

7.

7. Early
American citizens ____ the formation of the first police departments.

A) resisted

B) encouraged

C) controlled

D) privately
funded

A) resisted p.149

8.

8. Which was
the first American city to create a paid and unified municipal police force?

A) Boston

B) Chicago

C) Philadelphia

D) New
York

D) New
York p.149

9.

9. After the
Civil War, municipal police officers began to take on the characteristics of
today's police. Three of these characteristics are listed below. Which one does
NOT belong?

A) They began
to carry nightsticks

B) They began
to carry firearms

C) They began
to wear uniforms

D) They began to form posses

D) They began to form posses

10.

10. Which of
the following statements is NOT true of the first black police officers?

A) they were
“free men of color”

B) they were slaves

C) they were
hired around 1805 to serve as members of the New Orleans city watch system

D) they were
hired primarily because other people did not want the job

B) they were slaves

11.

11. Following
the backlash to Reconstruction and the loss of jobs of black police officers,
during which of the following periods were black police officers hired again in
most southern cities?

A) 1890s and
1900s

B) 1920s and
1930s

C) 1940s and 1950s

D) 1960s and
1970s

C) 1940s and 1950s

12.

12. In the
South, the earliest form of policing was the:

A) slave patrols

B) hue and cry

C) sheriff and
posse

D) constable-watch
system

A) slave patrols

13.

13. The slave
codes held slaves responsible for their crimes and other acts that were not
crimes if committed by free persons. Three typical restrictions against slaves
are listed below. Which one does NOT belong?

A) Enslaved
people could not hold meetings.

B) Enslaved
people could not learn to read and write.

C) Enslaved people could not learn skilled
trades.

D) Enslaved
people could not carry a firearm.

C) Enslaved people could not learn skilled
trades.

14.

14. One
similarity between the slave patrols and the constable-watch system was that:

A) people could hire others to perform
their duties for them.

B) citizens
resented their use of firearms.

C) they had many
of the trappings of today's police.

D) they
developed into today's sheriffs’ departments.

A) people could hire others to perform
their duties for them.

15.

15. The idea of
____ remains very popular in the South and the West.

A) federal
police protection

B) police
commissioners

C) self-protection

D) mounted
militia units

C) self-protection p.152

16.

16. August
Vollmer advocated three principles to professionalize American policing. Which
of the following does NOT belong?

A) He
advocated training as a key ingredient in professionalizing policing.

B) He believed that citizens needed
training in methods of self-policing.

C) He believed
strongly that the police should stay out of politics and that politics should
stay out of policing.

D) He
advocated education as a key ingredient in professionalizing policing.

B) He believed that citizens needed
training in methods of self-policing.

17.

17. At various
times in American history, local police have acted in several different roles.
Three of the roles listed in your textbook are below. Which one does NOT
belong?

A) Social
workers

B) Firefighters

C) Public
servants

D) Peacekeepers

B) Firefighters p.155

18.

18. By the
1970s, research began to show three of the following findings. Which one does
NOT belong?

A) Unattended
disorderly behavior in neighborhoods is a signal to more serious criminals that
residents do not care what goes on in their community and that the criminals
can move in and operate with impunity.

B) A rapid
response to crime does not necessarily lead to more arrests.

C) Having more
police officers using methods made popular under the professional or reform
model does not significantly reduce crime.

D) Neighborhood-based policing projects had
high success rates because of low costs, administrative efficiency, and high
citizen interest.

D) Neighborhood-based policing projects had
high success rates because of low costs, administrative efficiency, and high
citizen interest.

19.

19. Three
emphasis areas of community policing are listed below. Which one does NOT
belong?

A) Fighting
crime

B) Delivering
social services

C) Eradicating the causes of crime in a
community

D) Keeping
peace

C) Eradicating the causes of crime in a
community

20.

20. Approximately
how many local, state, and federal public law enforcement agencies operate in
the United States?

A) 1

B) 9,000

C) 18,000

D) 36,000

C) 18,000

21.

21. State-level
law enforcement officers include three of the following groups. Which one does
NOT belong?

A) Highway
patrols

B) Watercraft
officers

C) Park
rangers

D) Sheriffs

D) Sheriffs

22.

22. In 2000,
____ of American local police departments required a high school diploma or
higher educational achievement.

A) 14 percent

B) 83 percent

C) 99
percent

D) 51 percent

C) 99
percent

23.

23. One general
grouping in your textbook lists four categories of local duties. Three are
listed below. Which is NOT one of the duties discussed in your text?

A) Public education

B) Service

C) Information
gathering

D) Peacekeeping

A) Public education

24.

24. Breaking up
a fight, holding back a crowd at a sporting event, or intervening in a domestic
dispute before it gets violent are examples of which of the following local
police duties?

A) law
enforcement

B) order maintenance or peacekeeping

C) service

D) information
gathering

B) order maintenance or peacekeeping p.178

25.

25. Taking
people to the hospital, escorting funeral processions, delivering mail for city
officials, or chasing bats out of a caller's house are examples of which of the
following local police duties?

A) law
enforcement

B) order
maintenance or peacekeeping

C) service

D) information
gathering

C) service

26.

26. In which of
the following years was the first woman elected to the position of sheriff in
the United States?

A) 1868

B) 1916

C) 1972

D) 1992

D) 1992 p.182

27.

27. Which of
the following is usually NOT a county law enforcement function?

A) protecting the governor and the capitol
grounds and buildings

B) serving
summonses, warrants, and various writs

C) providing courtroom
security and confine and transport prisoners

D) investigating
crimes and enforcing the criminal and traffic laws of the state

A) protecting the governor and the capitol
grounds and buildings p.182

28.

28. Three of
the following statements describe how politics affects the role of sheriff in
most counties. Which one does NOT belong?

A) The
authority to appoint special deputies and to award patronage jobs contribute to
the sheriff's power and influence in a county.

B) The
sheriff's office is limited to counties that vote to approve it.

C) Local
politics governs the operation of the sheriff's department.

D) The sheriff must operate as a partisan
politician to remain in office.

D) The sheriff must operate as a partisan
politician to remain in office.

29.

29. Which of
the 50 United States
does not have a state policing agency?

A) Hawaii

B) Alaska

C) Montana

D) Idaho

A) Hawaii
p.183

30.

30. There are
three major differences between federal law enforcement and local and state
police agencies. They are listed below. Which one does NOT belong?

A) Federal
agencies such as the FBI operate across the entire nation and even have agents
serving abroad.

B) Some
federal law enforcement agencies have extremely narrow jurisdictions.

C) A significant function performed by a
special category of federal law enforcement officers is university or campus
policing.

D) Federal
police agencies do not, as a rule, have the peacekeeping or order maintenance
duties typical in local policing.

C) A significant function performed by a
special category of federal law enforcement officers is university or campus
policing.

31.

31. Among
federal law enforcement agencies in 2002, the ______ employed the largest
percentage of women, while the ______employed the smallest percentage of women.

A) Federal
Bureau of Investigation-Federal Bureau of Prisons

B) U.S. Marshals
Service-U.S. Secret Service

C) Internal
Revenue Service-Drug Enforcement Agency

D) U.S. Customs
Service-Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms

C) Internal
Revenue Service-Drug Enforcement Agency

32.

32. Where is
the current headquarters of the Federal
Law Enforcement
Training Center
located?

A) Quantico,
Virginia

B) Glenn County,
Georgia

C) Washington, DC

D) Charleston, South
Carolina

A) Quantico,
Virginia

33.

33. According
to the Homeland Security Act of 2002, which of the following agencies or
organizations has “primary responsibility for investigating and prosecuting
acts of terrorism”?

A) the Department of Homeland Security

B) the
U.S.military

C) federal,
state, and local law enforcement agencies

D) the CIA

A) the Department of Homeland Security

34.

34. Which of
the following is the largest directorate in the Department of Homeland
Security?

A) Border and
Transportation Security

B) Emergency
Preparedness and Response

C) Science and Technology

D) Information
Analysis and Infrastructure Protection

C) Science and Technology

35.

35. With which
of the following agencies are permanent legal attaches or “legats” associated?

A) the CIA

B) the FBI

C) the U.S.
Secret Service

D) the Bureau
of Immigration and Customs Enforcement

B) the FBI

36.

36. What is
currently the top priority of the FBI?

A) being a
federal police agency

B) protecting
the president and other government leaders

C) being an intelligence and
counterterrorism agency

D) enforcement
of the country's immigration laws

C) being an intelligence and
counterterrorism agency

37.

37. A number of
factors have triggered the growth of private security in the United States.
Three are listed below. Which one does NOT belong?

A) Fewer
constitutional limitations

B) Lowered citizen contact

C) Better
control and attention to the problem

D) Declining
revenues for public policing

B) Lowered citizen contact

38.

38. ______
refers to protective services that a private security firm provides to people,
agencies and companies that do not employ their won security personnel or that
need extra protection, while ______ refers to in-house protective services that
a security staff provides for the entity that employs it.

A) proprietary
security-contract security

B) external
security-internal security

C) contract security-proprietary security

D) internal
security-external security

C) contract security-proprietary security

39.

39. Your
textbook lists four unresolved problems and issues relating to private
security. Three are listed below. Which one does not belong?

A) Public
policing in a private capacity

B) Diminished
public responsibility

C) Qualifications
and training

D) Political corruption from patronage jobs

D) Political corruption from patronage jobs

40.

40. _____ is a
model of state law enforcement services in which the agency and its officers
have the same law enforcement powers as local police, anywhere within the
state.

A) state
police model

B) highway patrol model

C) constable-watch
system

D) slave
patrols

B) highway patrol model

41.

41. _____ is a
technological and management system that aims to make the police better
organized and more effective crime fighters.

A) Compstat

B) Community
policing

C) Tithing

D) Constable-watch

A) Compstat

42.

1. For most
people, the only personal experience they have with the criminal justice
process is contact with a:

A) Federal
police officer

B) courtroom

C) correctional
institution

D) local police officer

D) local police officer

43.

2. Your
textbook describes four characteristics that generally define the role of the
police. Three are listed below. Which one is NOT described in your textbook?

A) The police perform ongoing educational
roles in the community.

B) The police
are community leaders in public safety.

C) The police
occasionally serve in a hostile or dangerous environment.

D) The police
solve sociological and technological problems for people on a short-term basis.

A) The police perform ongoing educational
roles in the community.

44.

3. In 2002,
how many police officers were feloniously killed in the line of duty?

A) 0

B) 22

C) 56

D) 142

D) 142

45.

4. John
Broderick classified police officers by their degree of commitment to
maintaining order and their respect for due process. Three of these
classifications are listed below. Which one does NOT belong?

A) enforcers

B) punishers

C) idealists

D) optimists

B) punishers

46.

5. Which of
the following is unquestionably the most time-consuming and resource-intensive
task of any police agency?

A) patrol

B) investigation

C) DNA
profiling

D) field
interrogation

A) patrol

47.

6. Patrols
that are “systematically unsystematic” and observant in an attempt to both
deter and ferret out crime on their beats are known as random or ____ patrol.

A) foot

B) directed

C) preventive

D) aggressive

C) preventive p.213

48.

7. In ____
patrol, officers are given guidance on how to use their patrol time, which is
often based on the results of crime analyses that identify problem areas.

A) directed

B) preventive

C) aggressive

D) foot

A) directed

49.

8. When an
entire patrol section is instructed to make numerous traffic stops and field
interrogations, the practice is referred to as ____ patrol.

A) foot

B) aggressive

C) directed

D) preventive

B) aggressive

50.

9. Your
textbook names five roles that investigators may play in a police department.
Three are listed below. Which one does NOT belong?

C) Uniformed police officers conducting
field interrogations and other types of aggressive patrol.

51.

10. Criminal
investigation has been defined as a lawful search of people and things to
achieve three of the following goals. Which of the following is NOT one of the
goals of criminal investigation?

A) Apprehend
or determine the guilty party

B) Reconstruct
the circumstances of an illegal act

C) Aid in the
state's prosecution of the offender

D) Conduct preventive patrol to ferret out
crime

D) Conduct preventive patrol to ferret out
crime

52.

11. Police
detectives seem to have a number of advantages over patrol officers, and seven
of these advantages are listed in your textbook. Three are listed below. Which
is NOT one of these advantages?

A) They have
offices and desks.

B) They enjoy
more freedom than patrol officers do from the police radio and geographical
boundaries.

C) They often move on to patronage jobs.

D) In many
agencies, they receive higher compensation and hold a higher rank.

C) They often move on to patronage jobs.

53.

12. Your
textbook gives three reasons why, despite low crime-solving rates by
detectives, many police departments continue to employ them. Three are listed
below. Which one does NOT belong?

A) Detectives
have interrogation and case presentation skills that assist in prosecution.

B) Detectives have wider jurisdiction than
patrol officers do, and can arrest and book some suspects that other police
officers cannot.

C) Law
enforcement executives can assign detectives to a major, high profile case to
demonstrate to the public that they are committing resources to the matter.

D) Technical
knowledge, such as knowing about burglary tools, does help in some
investigations and prosecutions.

B) Detectives have wider jurisdiction than
patrol officers do, and can arrest and book some suspects that other police
officers cannot.

54.

13. With DNA
profiling, a unique genetic profile can be derived from ____ found at the scene
of a crime or on a victim.

A) hair

B) semen

C) blood

D) all of the above

D) all of the above p.219

55.

14. Your
textbook names three distinct functions of DNA profiling. They are listed
below. Which of the following is NOT one of these distinct functions?

A) Collecting samples from all people at
birth, so that a complete DNA database can be compiled.

B) Clearing
innocent people convicted of rape and murder years after they began serving
their sentences.

C) Linking or
eliminating identified suspects to a crime.

D) Identifying
"cold hits" where a sample from a crime scene is matched against
numerous cases in a DNA database and a positive match is made.

A) Collecting samples from all people at
birth, so that a complete DNA database can be compiled.

56.

15. Your
textbook names three reasons why many victims of cybercrime fail to report
these crimes to authorities. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons listed
in your textbook?

A) The fear of
being implicated in the crime

B) The shame
of not providing adequate security to protect trusted assets

C) The fear of
losing public confidence as a result of being a victim

D) The attention to their vulnerability that
a crime report would attract

D) The attention to their vulnerability that
a crime report would attract

57.

16. The
knowledge to carry out cybercrimes is readily available at hacker:

A) chat rooms

B) message
boards

C) web sites

D) all of the above

D) all of the above

58.

17. Your
textbook describes several ways in which cybercriminals can illegally access,
manipulate, or steal computer data. Three of these ways are listed below. Which
is NOT one of the ways listed in your textbook?

C) to educate motorists
in a community about traffic safety and proper driving procedures.

D) all of the above

D) all of the above p.222

61.

20. The
professional model of policing, which police followed in the decades before
community policing, rested on three foundations. They are listed below. Which
of the following is NOT one of these three foundations?

A) preventive
patrol

B) proactive patrol

C) follow-up
investigation

D) quick
response time

B) proactive patrol

62.

21. Researchers
discovered that ____ of citizens wait 5–10 minutes to call the police, which
prevents police from catching the criminal at the scene.

A) 25 percent

B) 5 percent

C) 62 percent

D) 90
percent

D) 90
percent

63.

22. One of the
interesting findings of foot patrol research was that foot patrol officers were
better able to deal with:

24. Following
are three parts of the acronym SARA, which some community policing
advocates recommend as a four-step problem-solving process. Which of the
following is NOT one of the components of SARA?

A) Arrival—determining the
situation's timeliness

B) Assessment—determining
the solutions' effect

C) Response—developing
and implementing solutions

D) Scanning—identifying
problems

A) Arrival—determining the
situation's timeliness

66.

25. The crime
triangle is a view of crime and disorder as an interaction among three
variables, which are:

A) preventive
patrol, investigation, and follow-up

B) citizens,
police, and criminals

C) urban,
suburban, and rural locations

D) victim, offender, and location

D) victim, offender, and location

67.

26. The most
widely used crime-mapping application is probably ______.

A) crime scene
investigations

B) the
determination of gunshot origins

C) resource allocation

D) CompStat

C) resource allocation

68.

27. Which of
the following is currently the most complete DNA database?

A) CompStat

B) CODIS

C) GIS

D) GPS

B) CODIS

69.

28. Which of
the following agencies has the largest AFIS?

A) the Florida
Department of Law Enforcement

B) the New
York City Police Department

C) the U.S.
Secret Service

D) the FBI

D) the FBI

70.

29. Which of
the following drug enforcement strategies accounts for the greatest number of
drug arrests and seizures?

A) street-level enforcement

B) mid-level
investigations

C) major
investigations

D) drug demand
reduction

A) street-level enforcement p.225

71.

30. Which of
the following reasons accounts for the relative ineffectiveness of marijuana
eradication strategies?

B) community
policing may increase public support for drug enforcement efforts by
encouraging citizens to report drug crimes and identify drug dealers

C) community organizing
may empower citizens to resist drug dealers and drug abusers who invade their
communities

D) all of the above are ways

D) all of the above are ways

73.

32. Which of
the following is NOT true about civil asset forfeiture as a tool in drug
enforcement?

A) it is the
preferred tool in drug enforcement

B) the
government only has to have probable cause to seize a person's property

C) an owner
must be proactive to get his or her property back

D) the state must only prove by a
preponderance of evidence that the property was used in a crime

D) the state must only prove by a
preponderance of evidence that the property was used in a crime

74.

33. Which of
the following is NOT a criticism of civil asset forfeiture laws?

A) civil asset
forfeiture laws place the burden of proof on the property owner to show that
the property seized was not used in a drug-related crime

B) the costs
involved in a civil asset forfeiture proceeding can be prohibitively high

C) the standard of proof in civil asset
forfeiture cases is too high

D) innocent
owners can lose their property when someone else uses it without their
permission or knowledge to commit a drug crime

C) the standard of proof in civil asset
forfeiture cases is too high

75.

34. Which of
the following is NOT true about the War on Drugs, at least according to its
critics?

A) abuse or misuse of illegal drugs has
contributed to more deaths annually than either alcohol or tobacco

B) the drug
war is racist

C) the drug
war is hugely expensive

D) the
government has exaggerated the dangers of illegal drug use

A) abuse or misuse of illegal drugs has
contributed to more deaths annually than either alcohol or tobacco

76.

35. In 2001,
approximately ______ percent of federal prisoners and ______percent of state
prisoners were incarcerated for drug offenses.

A) 10; 5

B) 55; 20

C) 20; 55

D) 5; 20

B) 55; 20

77.

36. Which of
the following is NOT true about terrorism?

A) it is one
of the oldest forms of human conflict

B) it has been
used by both right-wing and left-wing political organizations, by ethnic and
nationalistic groups, by revolutionaries, and by the armies and secret police
of established governments

C) the modern era of terrorism began with
the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941,
according to the FBI

D) the
terrorist acts of 9/11 constituted the bloodiest day on American soil since the
Civil War

C) the modern era of terrorism began with
the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941,
according to the FBI

78.

37. Which of
the following is the FBI's definition of terrorism?

A) the
unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or
coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in
furtherance of political or social objectives

B) the systematic use of terror or
unpredictable violence against governments, publics, or individuals to attain a
political objective

D) the
unlawful use, or threatened use, of force or violence by a group or individual
based and operating entirely within the United States or its territories
without foreign direction committed against persons or property to intimidate
or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in
furtherance of political or social objectives

B) the systematic use of terror or
unpredictable violence against governments, publics, or individuals to attain a
political objective

79.

38. According
to FBI estimates, approximately what percent of international terrorist
incidents that occur annually in the United
States and abroad are directed at U.S. interests?

A) 1-5

B) 5-10

C) 20-30

D) 50-60

C) 20-30

80.

39. Which of
the following is NOT one of President Bush's general policy principles that
guide law enforcement personnel in dealing with terrorists?

A) only grant concessions to terrorists if U.S.
citizens are held hostage and no viable alternative exists

B) bring
terrorists to justice for their crimes (no matter how long it takes)

C) isolate and
apply pressure on states that sponsor terrorism to force them to change their
behavior

D) bolster the
counterterrorist capabilities of those countries that work with the United States
and require assistance

A) only grant concessions to terrorists if U.S.
citizens are held hostage and no viable alternative exists p.242

81.

1. What
percent of blacks believe that police brutality against blacks happens
occasionally or more often in their communities?

A) 15%

B) 33%

C) 60%

D) 80%

D) 80%

82.

2. Following
are the three I's of police selection. Which one of these does NOT
belong?

A) Intuition

B) Interaction
skills

C) Integrity

D) Intelligence

A) Intuition

83.

3. According
to your text, three highly important qualities for police are:

A) the three I's of police selection,
common sense, and compassion.

B) strength,
endurance, and compassion.

C) Strength,
common sense, and the three I's of police selection.

D) The three
I's of police selection, appearance, and compassion

A) the three I's of police selection,
common sense, and compassion.

84.

4. Police
work is intrinsically satisfying because it is:

A) generally
outdoors

B) nonroutine

C) people-oriented

D) all of the above

D) all of the above

85.

5. Failure to
fairly represent all genders and races within police departments has led to
several negative consequences. Which of the following is NOT one of the
negative consequences listed in your textbook?

A) Expensive
lawsuits

B) Court-ordered
quotas to achieve the desired diversity

C) Consent
decrees

D) Sensational publicity

D) Sensational publicity p.258

86.

6. Three
successful police recruiting practices are listed below. Which of the following
does NOT belong?

7. Your
textbook names three successful police recruitment programs, which are listed
below. Which of the programs listed below is NOT one of these programs?

A) Public
safety officer programs

B) High school
tech prep programs

C) Police
Cadet programs

D) Police Athletic Leagues

D) Police Athletic Leagues

88.

8. A merit
system of police employment is established when an independent civil
service commission, in cooperation with the city personnel section and the
police department, sets standards for three of the following issues. Which of
the following is NOT set by a merit system?

A) Employment
qualifications

B) Recruitment criteria

C) Discipline
procedures

D) Performance
standards

B) Recruitment criteria

89.

9. Your
textbook names some of the characteristics of a police chief's job. Three are
listed below. Which of the following is NOT listed in your textbook?

A) A typical
police chief rarely serves longer than 10 years.

B) Police chiefs must be long-term
(preferably lifetime) local residents in order to fully understand the needs of
the community.

C) Police
chiefs must be politically savvy in order to survive.

D) Much of the
political controversy and many of the social problems in major cities and
counties end up involving the police department and its chief.

B) Police chiefs must be long-term
(preferably lifetime) local residents in order to fully understand the needs of
the community.

90.

10. Your
textbook names three of the characteristics of a typical sheriff. They are
listed below. Which of the following is NOT listed in your textbook?

A) Sheriffs sometimes have statewide
jurisdiction, especially in states with smaller populations.

B) Sheriffs
often have a strong idea of the priorities of a community.

C) Sheriffs
wield more influence with prosecutors and in the legislature than do chiefs of
police.

D) Sheriffs
must be good politicians

A) Sheriffs sometimes have statewide
jurisdiction, especially in states with smaller populations.

91.

11. The
movement to limit the discretion of police officers is the result of:

A) increased
police-community relations.

B) lowered
crime rates.

C) abuses of that discretion.

D) positive
publicity about lowered discretion

C) abuses of that discretion.

92.

12. Police
officers cannot make an arrest for every violation of law—that is, they cannot
provide:

A) limited
discretion

B) selective
enforcement

C) high
discretion

D) full enforcement

D) full enforcement

93.

13. The
practice of relying on the judgment of the police leadership and rank-and-file
officers to decide which laws to enforce is referred to as:

A) limited
discretion

B) selective enforcement

C) high
discretion

D) full
enforcement

B) selective enforcement

94.

14. For most
violations of the law, a police officer can usually exercise a number of
options. Five are listed in your textbook, and three of these are listed below.
Which of the following is NOT one of the options listed in your textbook?

16. The ____
the complainant, the more likely a patrol officer is to use formal procedures
to report and investigate a crime.

A) poorer

B) younger

C) more affluent

D) older

C) more affluent

97.

17. For a long
time, police looked at domestic violence calls as ____ when, in fact, they
should have been treated as ____.

A) criminal
matters; routine service calls

B) peacekeeping activities; criminal
matters

C) misdemeanors;
felonies

D) assault
offenses; sexual offenses

B) peacekeeping activities; criminal
matters

98.

18. Approximately
____ women are victims of domestic violence each year.

A) 50,000

B) 100,000

C) 1 million

D) 5 million

C) 1 million

99.

19. Which of
the following has/have always made the police the major respondents to domestic
violence calls?

A) Ongoing
police interest

B) High
concern for women’s safety

C) Referrals
from other agencies

D) The availability of 24-hour service

D) The availability of 24-hour service

100.

20. Police have
responded to domestic violence in three distinct ways, which are listed in your
textbook. Which of the following is NOT one of these three ways?

A) Arrest both the perpetrator and the
victim

B) Separate
domestic partners in minor disputes

C) Mediate the
dispute

D) Arrest the
perpetrator of the assault

A) Arrest both the perpetrator and the
victim

101.

21. Racial profiling
often occurs during ____, where police justify stopping a car because of minor
equipment or moving traffic violations that might otherwise be ignored.

A) random
patrol

B) pretext stops

C) full
enforcement

D) selective
enforcement

B) pretext stops

102.

22. Your
textbook lists several methods that have been prescribed to stop racial
profiling. Three are listed below. Which of the following is NOT one of the
methods listed in your textbook?

A) Having
police officers distribute business cards to all motorists and pedestrians they
stop

B) Racial and
cultural diversity training for police personnel

C) Arresting all perpetrators regardless of
race

D) Videotaping
all traffic stops

C) Arresting all perpetrators regardless of
race

103.

23. Which of
the following is defined as the harmful physical and emotional outcomes that
occur when the requirements of a job do not match the capabilities, resources,
or needs of the employee?

A) Racial
profiling

B) Stress
management

C) Organizational
change

D) Job stress

D) Job stress

104.

24. Most
people's definitions of brutality include three of the following, according to
your textbook. Which of the following is NOT included in your book's definition
of brutality?

A) Unnecessary
stopping, questioning, and searching of pedestrians or those in vehicles

B) Full enforcement

C) Verbal abuse

D) Threats of
force

B) Full enforcement

105.

25. Which of
the following is a measure of coercion beyond what is necessary to control
participants in a conflict?

A) Deadly
force

B) Job stress

C) Excessive force

D) Harassment

C) Excessive force

106.

26. Approximately
what percent of the public rates the police “excellent” or “very good” at
responding quickly to calls for help and assistance, preventing crime, solving
crime, being helpful and friendly, treating people fairly, and not using
excessive force?

A) between 10
and 20

B) between 30
and 40

C) between 60 and 70

D) between 80
and 90

C) between 60 and 70

107.

27. Approximately
what percent of the public has “a great deal” or “quite a lot” of confidence in
the police's ability to protect it from violent crime?

A) 20

B) 40

C) 60

D) 80

A) 20

108.

28. In 2001,
what was the average beginning salary for police officers in cities of 10,000
or more persons?

A) $19.500

B) $32,500

C) $46,000

D) $60,000

B) $32,500

109.

29. Approximately
what percent of the sworn officers in the nation's police departments are white
males?

A) 40

B) 60

C) 80

D) 95

C) 80

110.

30. What is the
average level of education in policing today?

A) a high
school diploma

B) nearly two
years of college

C) a 2-year college degree

D) a 4-year
college degree

C) a 2-year college degree

111.

31. Which of
the following is an advantage of hiring college-educated police officers?

A) better
written reports

B) enhanced
communication with the public

C) fewer
citizen complaints

D) all of the above

D) all of the above

112.

32. Which of
the following programs is intended to (1) address violent crime by increasing
the number of police with advanced education and training on community patrol
and (2) provide educational assistance to law enforcement personnel and
students who possess a sincere interest in public service in the form of law
enforcement?

A) the Police Corps

B) the Public
Safety Officer Program

C) the Police
Cadet Program

D) the High
School Tech Prep Program

A) the Police Corps

113.

33. When did
the systematic psychological testing of police officers begin?

A) 1950s

B) 1960s

C) 1970s

D) 1980s

A) 1950s

114.

34. Approximately
what percent of recruits in police academy classes fail to complete the
program?

A) 0

B) 10

C) 30

D) 50

B) 10

115.

35. According
to available research on the subject, which of the following factors does NOT
influence the exercise of discretion on the part of police patrol officers?

A) nature of
the crime

B) departmental
policies

C) amount of
evidence

D) personal characteristics of officers

D) personal characteristics of officers

116.

36. Which of
the following is a way to control the amount of discretion exercised by police
officers?

A) close
supervision by a police agency's management

B) department
directives or policies

C) decisions
of the United States Supreme Court

D) all of the above

D) all of the above

117.

37. Which of
the following U.S. Supreme Court decisions severely restricted the police use
of deadly force?

A) Furman v. Georgia

B) Tennessee
v. Garner

C) Escobedo v.
Illinois

D) Woodson v. North Carolina

B) Tennessee
v. Garner

118.

38. Which of
the following is NOT a type of police misconduct identified by Ellywn Stoddard?

A) chiseling

B) extortion

C) bribery

D) all of the above are types of police
misconduct

D) all of the above are types of police
misconduct

119.

39. _____ are
officers who actively seek ways to make money illegally while on duty.

A) Meat eaters

B) Grass
eaters

C) Vegans

D) Carnivores

A) Meat eaters

120.

40. In which of
the following decades were police departments required to engage in affirmative
action efforts in the hiring process?