Arsenal with a beard

Brakcet pushed into the background the same passion referendum on scottish independence, due to admire your confused acumen local voters still preserving the integrity of the united kingdom. But such an outcome is prevented in the geopolitical drama that is associated with the possible collapse of the nuclear powers. Precedent – the collapse of the Soviet Union – there. Nuclear power the UK has repeatedly lost to inferior forces of the Soviet Union (russia) and the United States.

However, albion have the capacity to probable cause the enemy unacceptable damage. In the development of nuclear weapons, the british relied on the help of the United States. Anyone else the americans did not provide legal support in the development and building of nuclear weapons, except the british. The action of the anglo-american agreement on cooperation in this field (mutual defence agreement – mda), signed in 1958, extended until 2024.

The idea is to get the atomic bomb was approved in december 1941 prime minister churchill, a month earlier received from the us president roosevelt's proposal on joint development. They agreed on non-use against other nuclear weapons, keeping information about it secret from third countries and on the direct participation of british scientists in the manhattan project, successfully implemented to 1945 mu. However, the following year, cooperation for some time ceased, and in 1947, at the initiative of the new prime minister attlee started an independent nuclear project of the british. "Blue danube", "Yellow sun" first-class scientific and production potential and experience of participation in the manhattan project allowed to carry out its first nuclear test on 3 october 1952 in the waters of the island, trimouille off the NorthWest coast of australia.

If the United States and the Soviet Union in the first test detonated nuclear warheads in special towers, the british placed him in the hold of the anchored frigate plym. With his death the last war patrol he himself had taken, made the transition from a top-secret cargo from england. The explosion pulled 25 kilotons, the british coped with the task not worse than the americans in alamogordo and soviet scientists at semipalatinsk. 28 apr 1958 air force strategic bomber valiant dropped over the polynesian island christmas, the first full-fledged hydrogen bomb (operation grapple y – "Quest y").

The energy during the test amounted to 2 mt. In the years 1952-1991 UK conducted 45 nuclear tests: 21 – in australia and the pacific, 24 in the United States. Among them were quite unusual: october 9, 1957 at the site of maralinga in australia, the charge capacity of 25 kilotons blew up, hanging under the three balloons at an altitude of about 300 meters (operation antler – the "Antler"). The first nuclear bombs, arrived in 1953 to the arming of the strategic aviation of great Britain, steel blue danube (blue danube) with a capacity of 15 kilotons (in the last samples brought to 40 kilotons).

These plutonium and uranium-plutonium products were structurally similar to the american fat man ("Fat man") dropped on nagasaki. However, the british bombs were distinguished by elongated, pointed form, which, according to the authors, increased the accuracy of bombing. 20 blue danube was in service until 1962. For the "Blue danube" followed by a better red beard ("Red beard") with a capacity of 5-20 kilotons (in the years 1961-1971 in the arsenal of the british air force and naval aviation, there were 110 of these bombs), as well as a 400-kiloton thermonuclear yellow sun ("Sun") mk1.

In 1958 they released a bit, due to the launch of modification of the yellow sun mk2 c charge 1 mt. About 150 of these bombs has expanded its nuclear arsenal in the UK in 1961 and remained there until 1972. Then, from 1966 they were replaced by we177 thermonuclear varying capacity from 0. 5 to 450 kilotons. They existed in the tactical, strategic and anti-submarine variants.

And served for 32 years. Perhaps their prototypes served as the american b61 and b57. More nuclear and thermonuclear bombs Britain allegedly did not make. The wise man is quite brave defense of the first english strategic carriers of nuclear bombs in the 50s began an up - and transonic turbojet bombers family of v – valiant ("Brave"), victor ("Winner") and vulcan ("Volcano").

Speed latest, most perfect of the three, reached 1,200 kilometers per hour, practical ceiling – 19 thousand meters, a maximum range of 7650 miles. However, the development of soviet air defense has made problematic the possibility of a breakthrough of such aircraft to the targets. So for bombers, the victor and vulcan built a cruise missile blue steel ("Steel blue") class "Air-ground" with a range of 200 kilometers and is equipped with a powerful thermonuclear warhead on the type mk28. In the air force in england believed that the victor and vulcan, each of which carried one blue steel, with the output of the line start-up must not fall into the affected area, the soviet air defense system c-25 and s-75.

However, this did not guarantee their invulnerability from emerging to mid 60s far supersonic loitering interceptor tu-128 missiles which (r-4 class "Air-air") could destroy the british machine before they exit the position start. In the years 1962-1970 raf had ready 40 blue steel. Vulnerable to soviet air defenses there were other aircraft carriers of the british nuclear weapon at the time – the subsonic canberra tactical bombers and carrier-based attack aircraft buccaneer. This forced the british to revise the program of development of strategic nuclear forces in favor of ballistic missiles.

Armed to the "Tridents" taking into account all the circumstances, london chose the nuclear submarine with ballistic missiles. It recognized the low vulnerability component of the strategic nuclear forces. Four boats type resolution ("Resolve") built in 1967-1968, each received 16 american irbm polaris a3t combat with three thermonuclear blocks dissolving type with a capacity of 200 kilotons. Just for ssbns resolution released 144 combat unit.

Then the british secret chevaline programme ("Horse") were replaced by these rockets spacecraft w58 six new, targetable, tk-100, with the charge capacity of 50-100 kilotons. For them were developed and means to overcome missile defense of Moscow. The upgraded missile was given the name polaris a3tk (the range of start – 3500-4000 kilometers). Replaced "Determination" in the royal navy came four ssbns of the vanguard ("Vanguard").

They constitute the only component of the strategic nuclear forces of the country. Each submarine carries 16 american intercontinental slbm trident ii d-5 ("Trident") with a range of nine thousand miles. The missile has a 8-12 english fusion of blocks whose capacity range 0,3–10 – 100-500 kilotons provides the most appropriate selections for individual lesions of various protection and area goals. Which ensures the infliction of unacceptable damage.

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