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The 1960s The 1960’s Luke Laubaugh 3-11-99 research paper rough draft The 1960’s was a decade that forever changed the culture and society of America. The 1960’s were widely known as the decade of peace and love, not because the world had become a utopia but, in my opinion, because of the heavy use of the popular hallucinogenic drugs by the American youth. In reality minorities were struggling to gain freedom from segregation and thousands of American soldiers and Vietnamese civilians were being killed i

Anxiety And Depression In Afro-Americans Anxiety And Depression In Afro-Americans A major cause of mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety in individuals is stress. Defined stress is an internal response caused by the application of a stressor or anything that requires coping behaviour. For example the pressure of a job, supporting a family or getting an education are stressors that can result in depression and anxiety. Individuals and groups that have numerous resources or other coping mechanisms are better suited for

Ballad of Birmingham Ballad of Birmingham In the poem Ballad of Birmingham, by Dudley Randall, written in 1969, Mr. Randall uses of irony to describes the events of the mothers decision, and also her concern for the welfare of her darling little child. It seems odd that this child would even know what a freedom march is, but this would be considered normal back in the early 1960's, when Mr. Martin Luther King Jr. had rallies and freedom marches to free the African American people from discrimination and segregation

Black and White Black and White Following the Civil War, just prior to the turn of the century, many American novelist were writing more freely of the previous slave culture. Two of these writers being Mark Twain and Charles Chesnutt. Mark Twain was a popular “white” author by this time. Charles Chesnutt, the son of free blacks, decided to pursue a dream of becoming an author in order to remove the spirit of racism. By studying these authors in particular, the views of a white raised in the slave holding south

Black Like Me Black Like Me Black Like Me by John Howard Griffin is a Multicultural story set in the south around the late 1950's in first person point of view about John Griffin in 1959 in the deep south of the east coast, who is a novelist that decides to get his skin temporarily darkened medically to black. What Griffin hopes to achieve is enough information about the relationships between blacks and whites to write a book about it.The overall main obstacle is society, and the racial divide in the south w

Blacks Prison And Institutional Racism Blacks, Prison, And Institutional Racism Description: The title pretty much says it all in this one. This paper addresses the issue of blacks in prison and explores the socio-economic causes and solutions. This paper uses many govermentally commissioned reports. Blacks, Prison, and Institutional Racism Introduction Criminal justice and security is one of the largest industries in the United States. Such a statistic is (and rightly so) of great concern to Afro-Americans because a disproportionat

The Effects of Race on Sentencing in Capital Punishment Cases The Effects of Race on Sentencing in Capital Punishment Cases Throughout history, minorities have been ill-represented in the criminal justice system, particularly in cases where the possible outcome is death. In early America, blacks were lynched for the slightest violation of informal laws and many of these killings occurred without any type of due process. As the judicial system has matured, minorities have found better representation but it is not completely unbiased. In the past twenty yea

A Study of the Negro Policeman Book Review A Study of the Negro Policeman: Book Review by Nicholas Alex Appleton-Century-Crofts Copyright 1969 210 pages Intro. Criminal Justice December 2, 1996 Nicholas Alex, assistant professor of sociology at The City University of New York, holds a Ph.D. from the New School for Social Research and a B.S. from the Wharton School. He was formerly a research assistant with the Russell Sage Foundation, an instructor at Adelphi University, and has had working experience in his academic specialty-the socio

The Conflicts of the Black Race Delayed Economic and Educational Progr The Conflicts of the Black Race: Delayed Economic and Educational Progress 4/4/97 In the 1960's, blacks, led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., fought for their civil rights and equal opportunities. Although they had only been out of slavery for less than a century, they felt the time was way past due for them to receive the same treatment as other American citizens. Our people struggled to receive decent education programs for their youth for the right to earn a decent living, and to receive respe

Incidents in the Life Of A Slave Girl Incidents in the Life Of A Slave Girl Linda Brent CHAPTER I The conditions of this master-slave relationship are that the slave (Linda) is there to do work for her mistress, or master, which is now her sister' s daughter. Linda is supposed to take care her new owner's five year old daughter, help plant things, take care of any animals and anything else she is told. As a slave, she should also do everything else she is told by her master. “After a brief period of suspense, the will of my mistres

Middle Class Blacks' Burden Middle Class Blacks' Burden Today in America there are many who assume that racism does not exist as it did in the forties, fifties, and sixties. Racism today is not as dangerous as it once was, but that does not mean that it does not hurt people just as much. There are many who think we have solved our racial problems and that African Americans live freely. However, there are many African Americans who work extremely hard to benefit society and all some people still see is their skin color. Ma

Native Son Reviews Native Son: Reviews Native Son, by Richard Wright, was hailed by reviewers as an instant classic upon its release in 1940. The novel was an instant bestseller, having been included in the book-of-the-month-club. Due to its proto revolutionary themes it was the subject of many reviews. Two such reviewers are Clifton Fadiman and Malcolm Cowley. Clifton Fadiman, writer for The New Yorker declared that Native Son was the most powerful American novel since the Grapes of Wrath. He is positive that an

Creative Writing Destroying Racism Creative Writing: Destroying Racism As the snow covered the house that my grandma occupies, I looked out the window to the neighbor's front door, their mailbox, and the circular driveway they had. It was just another home, where kids could build a snowman or throw snowballs on the front lawn. But there where no children or snowmen here. And beneath the snow, the word N-I-G-G-E-R was written in the grass. A family- a home- where they had bothered no one. One night someone decided to take weed

Racism In America Racism In America In America there seems to be a major problem. It has hindered this country since America was founded. It has been used against Native Americans, Japanese, and Black Americans. The problem is racism. If this country wants to become truly great racism must be eliminated. Racism began when someone thought they were better than someone else. One source said, “ Racism began during the Enlightenment Period in Europe” ( D' Sourza 87). Now organizations like the Ku Klux Klan and the I

Republiacns Unfavorable Acts Caused The Rise of The KKK Republiacns! Unfavorable Acts Caused The Rise of The KKK The years after the civil war were frustrating times for the Americans. New laws and rules were posted for which to abide by and due to the outcome of the civil war, the people from the south had now to accept the new slavery laws issued by the political parties and congress. This created turmoil amongst both northerners, who mostly were against slavery, and southerners. This was also true for both political parties that consisted of the

Stephen Bantu Biko Stephen Bantu Biko Stephen Biko is known internationally as the founder of the South African Students' Organization (SASO), and a leading force in the South Africa Black Consciousness movement. He fought against the separation between black and whites, called apartheid (the Afrikaans term for separateness). His childhood experiences and character, lead him to became a powerful leader. Steve Biko was born on December 18, 1946, in King William's Town, South Africa. He father was a clerk and his m

Why The End of Integration Why The End of Integration? After four decades of school integration America has given up, and the question is: Why?. I believe the answer is because absolutely nothing worked! Bussing was a hassle, most magnet schools were set up for false reasons, and everything was very costly. With everything they tried there were still no significant changes in the test scores of the minority students. So now here we are in the late 21st century and it can all be summed up with what Chris Hansen of the A

The Influence of Black Slave Culture on Early America The Influence of Black Slave Culture on Early America The Black slaves of colonial America brought their own culture from Africa to the new land. Despite their persecution, the slave culture has contributed greatly to the development of America's own music, dance, art, and clothing. Music It is understandable that when Africans were torn from their homes and families, lashed into submission , and forced into lifelong slave labor, they would be, on the most part, resentful and angry. Various f

All-American Boy All-American Boy By: Eng. 102 Section 5541 Crapsi Combination Outline Introduction Revue of Sources Body: Thesis: Ronald Dutch Reagan is an elite kind of person that believed in perseverance and hard work and doing what had to be done, even if it meant a low approval rating. I. From Dutch to Ronald II. Hollywood to Governor III. Reaganomics Response Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Somewhere at sometime a philosopher once said, The world is divided into two kinds of people: those who are

The People of the Kalahari Desert Part One Introduction Location andThe People of the Kalahari Desert Part One Introduction, Location and EnvironmentThe people of the Kalahari desert are extraordinary people. For centuries their hunting and food gathering techniques have enabled them to survive in the difficult environment of the dry, hot and barren Kalahari desert. They are known as the Bushmen. Or the Kung or the Gikwe since Bushmen is rather discriminating because the Bushmen live among shrubs and trees and sand and such. The people of Kalahari Desert live

Have you ever seen anything in your life that just seemed to good to b Have you ever seen anything in your life that just seemed to good to be true? Have you ever saw something at a restaurant menu that looked like a double dose of all that but it turned out to be toe up from the floe up. The point that I am trying to reach is that western expansion was not good for America. The reason why I say this is because a lot of people got caught up in the western myth. The western myth is a belief that all will profit, all would be equal, and all will be free. Hays Ja

Critic On Huckleberry Finn Critic On Huckleberry Finn I felt that this novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain is appropriate and necessary to illustrate the attitudes of pre-Civil war Americans. To me, this book just shows the life of two runaway people and their life along the Mississippi River. The first time I read this book, I really did not realize that Mark Twain was discriminating blacks. I think that the NCAAP is too worried about literature. Mark Twain probably wrote this book and used terms su

The Struggle for Individuality The Struggle for Individuality Richard Wright was a young man of extreme intelligence and openness to speak his mind. Richard’s writings in Black Boy are a collection of his alienation, not only from white society, but from his own people. In Richard’s boyhood there was virtually no chance for a personality such as his to develop freely. Everything conspired against personal freedom, not only the white social structure, but the black as well. Richard was treated brutally and tyrannically at

To Kill A Mockingbird To Kill A Mockingbird In the classic novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, there are two families that are textbook examples of complete opposites on the moral ladder, and in the community. The Cunninghams and the Ewells have two distinctly different reputations. The Cunninghams, although extremely poor, are highly respected throughout Maycomb County. The Ewells, being just as poor as the Cunninghams, are deeply despised. The Cunninghams are very respected by the citizens of Maycomb. They

Mark Twain Mark Twain In his famed novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain writes a classic American adventure story, complete with moral dilemmas, the theme of an individual against society, and the proverbial journey into maturity. However, the focus of his book is not on the adventure itself, but rather on the pseudo father-son relationship that springs up between Jim and Huck during their pilgrimage down the Mississippi. Huck, an uncivilized, pragmatic child, has had little if any contro

The Modern KKK The Modern KKK Although the modern Ku Klux Klan, or KKK, is not the same group that terrorized African - Americans in the late 1800s and early 1900s, they still have the same basic goals and ideas. There are many local and regional KKK groups such as the Oregon Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and the New Order Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan is the national and largest organization, but the only one seeking a political agenda. They are the group that claims they are kee

Affirmative ActionTreating people differently because of the color ofAffirmative Action Treating people differently because of the color of their skin used to be called discrimination, but today it’s called affirmative action (Amselle 177). Affirmative action today, is considered to be one of the most controversial dilemma facing our equal status of individual rights. As we all know, affirmative action was implemented with the idea and hope that America would finally become truly equal. So far, it has lasted for thirty years and had not solved any of our curren

Affirmative Action Affirmative Action Thesis: Although many people believe that affirmative Action is a form of racism, it is actually used to help minorities find employment in an otherwise racist world. “In the United States, equality is a recurring theme. It has flared into a fervent moral issue at crucial stages of American history: The revolutionary and Jacksonian Period, and the New Deal. In each era, the legitimacy of American society is challenged by some set of people unhappy with the degree of equality”

The Failures of Affirmative Action The Failures of Affirmative Action Audience: US Congress Once upon a time, there were two people who went to an interview for only one job position at the same company. The first person attended a prestigious and highly academic university, had years of work experience in the field and, in the mind of the employer, had the potential to make a positive impact on the companies performance. The second person was just starting out in the field and seemed to lack the ambition that was visible in his

Discrimination Discrimination The struggle for social and economic equality of Black people in America has been long and slow. It is sometimes amazing that any progress has been made in the racial equality arena at all; every tentative step forward seems to be diluted by losses elsewhere. For every Stacey Koons that is convicted, there seems to be a Texaco executive waiting to send Blacks back to the past. Throughout the struggle for equal rights, there have been courageous Black leaders at the forefront of

RacismRacism Racism is an evil that can destroy socitiy. America is a nation of immigrants and, as such it¹s a diverse society where racism and prejudice have no place. Everyone came here from somewhere. Our country is based on the phrase, ³All men are created equal.² We are a diverse nation where racism and prejudice are unwarranted. Racism hurts people. Racism has been present in our world for more than 3,000 years. Take African-Americans, before the Million Man March, Martin Luther King and the civ

Maya AngelouMaya Angelou A poet, an author, a play-write, an actress, a mother, a civil-rights activists, historian and most important a survivor. Perhaps Maya Angelou, award winning author of many books is one of the most influential African Americans in American history. I believe that she rates at the top of the list of American authors, with Hemingway, Hawthorne, and Voight. I believe through my research and reading of Maya Angelou that she should be among the members of The American Authors Hall of Fam

Capital Punishment AgainstCapital Punishment: Against More money is spent executing humans than keeping them in a penitentiary for life. Compared to capital punishment, life in prison is far worse. Mistakes may be made and no one can bring another human back to life. Juries are often white and this may lead to racial decisions. Of the 144 executions since the 1976 reinstatement of the death penalty in the U.S., not one white person has been executed for killing a black. Of the 16,000 executions in U.S. history, only 30 c

Capital Punishment Should It Or Should It Not Be Used In Today's CrimiCapital Punishment, Should It Or Should It Not Be Used In Today's Criminal Judging System While Capital Punishment has been one of the most feared things of our time, it is still being questioned if it is unconstitutional. The Death Penalty is being enforced in more than 100 countries in the world and are usually in used in politically-related cases. Although it has been the case in many countries throughout the world it has been said that the Death Penalty is cruel and unusual punishment whic

Jury Nullification and Its Effects on Black AmericaJury Nullification and Its Effects on Black America It is obvious that significant improvements have been made in the way that the criminal justice system deals with Blacks during the history of the United States. Blacks have not always been afforded a right to trial, not to mention a fair one. Additionally, for years, Blacks were unable to serve on juries, clearly affecting the way both Blacks and whites were tried. Much of this improvement has been achieved through various court decisions, and

The Effects of Race on Sentencing in Capital Punishment CasesThe Effects of Race on Sentencing in Capital Punishment Cases Throughout history, minorities have been ill-represented in the criminal justice system, particularly in cases where the possible outcome is death. In early America, blacks were lynched for the slightest violation of informal laws and many of these killings occured without any type of due process. As the judicial system has matured, minorities have found better representation but it is not completely unbiased. In the past twenty years

Affirmative ActionAffirmative Action Affirmative Action as defined by the Meriam Webster's Dictionary is an active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups or women. In 1961 John F.Kennedy issued an executive order calling for Affirmative Action as a means to promote equal opportunity for racial minorities, in hiring by federal contractors. This was the first official use of the term by the Federal Government. Eight years later Nixon as President beefed up the Of

Affirmative Action Public OPinion vs PolicyAffirmative Action: Public OPinion vs. Policy When Justin Ketcham, a white college student from the suburbs, thinks about affirmative action, he thinks about what happened when he sent out letters seeking scholarships so he could attend Stanford University after being accepted during his senior year of high school.The organizations that wrote back told him their money was reserved for women or minorities. To Americans like Ketcham, it's a matter of fairness. The average white male will claim tha

All Men Created EqualAll Men Created Equal America has undergone incredible hardships as a nation. No issue has had more impact on the development of the American definition of freedom than the issue of slavery. Did the Constitution specify which men were created equal? Surprisingly enough the phrase all men are created equal with certain inalienable rights did not mean what it does today. The nation was divided on the issue of slavery and the rights of the black man in its early stages as a growing republic. Abra

Capital Punishment Costs of The Death PenaltyCapital Punishment: Costs of The Death Penalty Let us suppose that killing as a form of punishment is a moral and universally accepted practice. Would it then be acceptable to issue this irreparable sanction to a select few while allowing others, equally accountable, to avoid it? It is acceptable to our criminal justice system for it seems to be standard operating procedure. Many embrace the death penalty based on the eye for an eye concept. There is certainly some merit to this argument and i

Martin Luther King and Patrick Henry Cry for FreedomMartin Luther King and Patrick Henry: Cry for Freedom Robert Hernandez English 11 Moore-4 October 4, 1996 Although Patrick Henry and Martin Luther King, Jr. are both skilled orators and use similar rhetorical devices to appeal to their audiences, they call for freedom for two totally different kinds of people. Both Patrick Henry and Martin Luther King, Jr. show their strengths as speakers through their use of these rhetorical devices. Among these are parallelism, allusions, metaphors, and rhetor

Cultural Diversity in Local PoliticsCultural Diversity in Local Politics Overview This paper explores the limits and potentials of ethnic and racial coalition building in Los Angeles. The demographic changes that have occurred in Los Angeles during the past twenty years have been extraordinary, both in scope and diversity. The area has witnessed a literal boom in population growth, increasing from 7 million in 1970 to 8.8 million in 1990. (US Bureau of the Census) However, it is the dramatic change in ethnic and racial diversity o

Freedom Through The PressFreedom Through The Press Tears streamed down a broken face That stared to the ground where his father lay At lexington was he dying this day For a battle lost, and a war begun. In a young boys hand, A father lifted his head To look at a son, so confused and afraid Who understood not, for what his father bled Why he would fight, What reason for death. And so as they looked eye to eye The boys innocent lips formed the question, why? Then With inhuman strength, A father lifts dying fingers to sky

Lipset's American CreedLipset's American Creed Liberty. Egalitarianism. Individualism. Populism. Laissez-faire. These five concepts embody the American creed as described by author Seymour Martin Lipset. Lipset feels that this American creed is representative of an ideology that all Americans share. Lipset's argument is on shaky ground, however, when scrutinized under the microscope of race. Racial relations in this country do much to undermine the validity of Lipset's argument, especially the concepts of egalitar

The Effect of Third Party Candidates in Presidental ElectionsThe Effect of Third Party Candidates in Presidental Elections Although citizens of the United States have the opportunity to vote for many different offices at the national, state, and local levels, the election of the president of the United States every four years is the focal point of the American political process. The American political system has maintained a two- party system since its inception. Political scientists argue that a two-party system is the most stable and efficient means of

Freedom through ChristianityFreedom through Christianity What do people look for in religion? Do they look for guidance, beliefs, reason, or do they look for help? African-Americans have looked for all of these for many years. They found all of these in Christianity. Christians believe in one God who they worship, trust, and look up to. Since Christianity was first intorduced in the early Colonial Period, African-Americans have used their Christian beliefs to fight horrible things that have gone on in America such as slave

Prejudice is defined in the dictionary as hatred or unfair treatment o Prejudice is defined in the dictionary as hatred or unfair treatment of a particular group, such as members of a race or religion. Although prejudice has a definite definition in the dictionary, the novel;To Kill A Mockingbird teaches us that there are many diferent form of prejudice. In the novel, Harper Lee used many different types of prejudice such as stereotyping, racism, and segregation. During the novel, Harper Lee uses segregation as a form of prejudice. One of the many examples of segr

The Different Conceptions of the Veil in The Souls of Black Folk The Different Conceptions of the Veil in The Souls of Black Folk For now we see through a glass, darkly -Isiah 25:7 W.E.B. Du Bois's Souls of Black Folk, a collection of autobiographical and historical essays contains many themes. There is the theme of souls and their attainment of consciousness, the theme of double consciousness and the duality and bifurcation of black life and culture; but one of the most striking themes is that of the veil. The veil provides a link between the 14 seeming

Political and social effects that shaped the 60s generationPolitical and social effects that shaped the 60s generation Massive black rebellions, constant strikes, gigantic anti-war demonstrations, draft resistance, Cuba, Vietnam, Algeria, a cultural revolution of seven hundred million Chinese, occupations, red power, the rising of women, disobedience and sabotage, communes & marijuana: amongst this chaos, there was a generation of youths looking to set their own standard - to fight against the establishment, which was oppressing them, and leave their ma