Madagascar is home to a striking collection of biodiversity, filled with species found nowhere else in the world. In 25 years of conservation investment and development work, an impressive network of national parks has been formed, the rate of deforestation has been slowed, and the knowledge and understanding of Madagascar’s environment has greatly increased. However, much work remains. A 2009 coup has resulted in the withdrawal of U.S. Government support (and with it many international NGOs working there) and widespread humanitarian and economic decline. At the same time, environmental destruction has been on the rise, including unsustainable logging and bushmeat hunting. This meeting will feature the results of a 25-year review of USAID environmental work in Madagascar and the current situation, as well as exploring several scenarios for future interventions there.