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Tøjhuset was built from 1593-1604 as an arsenal, part of a new naval harbour constructed by Christian IV. It is 163 metres long and built around a central harbour basin. The building served as an arsenal well into the 19th century but already from the 1680s, it also housed historic collections. In the 1880s the building had become too small and a new arsenal was constructed in what is now known as the district Islands Brygge. In 1926 the current museum was founded in the building.

The collections of weapons are some of the most extensive in the world,[1] with more than 100,000 in their collection.[2] More than 8000 swords, pistols, armours, machine guns and other weapons and military attributes are displayed in the museum's Great Gallery and the Canon Galley boasts more than 300 canons dating from the 16th century to present days.