The mission of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller) is to formulate, submit, and defend the United States Army's budget to the United States Congress and the American public; to oversee the proper and effective use of appropriated resources to accomplish the Army's assigned missions; to provide timely, accurate, and reliable financial information to enable leaders and managers to incorporate cost considerations into their decision-making; to provide transparent reporting to Congress and the American public on the use of appropriated resources and the achievement of established Army-wide performance objectives; and manage and coordinate programs for the accession, training, and professional development of Army resource managers.[2]

List of Assistant Secretaries of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller), 1954—Present (incomplete)[edit]

1.
George H. Roderick
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George H. Roderick was an official in the United States Department of the Army during the Eisenhower Administration. Roderick was educated at the University of Michigan, where he wrote the music for the 1920 college musical, in the 1950s, Roderick was active in the Rotary Club in Grand Rapids, Michigan. In 1954, President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed Roderick Assistant Secretary of the Army, Eisenhower then named Roderick Assistant Secretary of the Army, and Roderick held this office from August 26,1954 until February 29,1957. In 1957, Roderick resumed his office of Assistant Secretary of the Army

2.
United States Department of the Army
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The Department of the Army is one of the three military departments within the Department of Defense of the United States of America. The Secretary of the Army is an official appointed by the President. The highest-ranking military officer in the department is the Chief of Staff of the Army, by amendments to the National Security Act of 1947 in 1949, the Department of the Army was transformed to its present-day status. The Department of the Army is a Military Department within the United States Department of Defense, the Department is headed by the Secretary of the Army, who by statute must be a civilian, appointed by the President with the confirmation by the United States Senate. The Department of the Army is divided between its Headquarters at the Seat of Government and the organizations of the Army. Only the Secretary of Defense has the authority to transfer of forces to. The Office of the Secretary and the Army Staff are organized along lines, with civilians. The Army Staff is led by the Chief of Staff of the Army, a general who is the highest-ranking officer in the Army. The Chief of Staff is assisted in managing the Army Staff by the Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army, the Army Staff is divided into several directorates, each headed by a three-star general. A key official within the Army Staff is the Director of the Army Staff, the Director is responsible for integrating and synchronizing the work of the Office of the Secretary and the Army Staff so that they meet the goals and priorities of the Secretary of the Army. Army Regulation 10–87, Accessed on 2011-08-04, Army. mil Department of the Army in the Federal Register HQ DA organization

3.
United States Secretary of the Army
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The Secretary of the Army is nominated by the President and confirmed by the U. S. Senate, the Secretary of the Army is a non-Cabinet position serving under the Secretary of Defense. Robert M. Speer took office as Acting Secretary on January 20,2017 and he will perform his duties until the U. S. Senate confirms a new Army Secretary, Karl M. Schneider will perform the duties of Undersecretary of the Army. Mr. Speer was formerly Assistant Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Army is in effect the chief executive officer of the Department of the Army, and the Chief of Staff of the Army works directly for the Secretary of the Army. The Secretary presents and justifies Army policies, plans, programs, and budgets to the Secretary of Defense, other executive branch officials, the Secretary also communicates Army policies, plans, programs, capabilities, and accomplishments to the public. As necessary, the Secretary convenes meetings with the leadership of the Army to debate issues, provide direction. The Secretary is a member of the Defense Acquisition Board, other offices may be established by law or by the Secretary of the Army. No more than 1,865 officers of the Army on the active-duty list may be assigned or detailed to permanent duty in the Office of the Secretary of the Army and on the Army Staff

4.
Robert T. Stevens
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Robert Ten Broeck Stevens was a US businessman and former chairman of J. P. Stevens and Company, which was one of the most established textile manufacturing plants in the US. He served as the Secretary of the Army between February 4,1953 until July 21,1955, Stevens was born on July 31,1899 in Fanwood, New Jersey to John Peters Stevens and Edna Ten Broeck. He attended Phillips Academy and graduated in 1917 and he became president of J. P. Stevens and Company in 1929. It is now part of a conglomerate—WestPoint Home and he served as chairman of The Business Council, then known as the Business Advisory Council for the United States Department of Commerce in 1951 and 1952. Stevens came into conflict with Senator Joseph McCarthy over a series of issues that led to the Army-McCarthy hearings of 1954. In the fall of 1953, McCarthy began an investigation into the United States Army Signal Corps laboratory at Fort Monmouth, McCarthys aggressive questioning of army personnel was damaging to morale, but failed to reveal any sign of the dangerous spies that McCarthy alleged to exist. Next McCarthy investigated the case of Irving Peress, an Army dentist who had refused to answer questions in a loyalty-review questionnaire, during the hearings, McCarthy questioned Stevens for several days. Although Stevens is generally considered to have handled the hearings poorly, the exposure before a television audience of McCarthys methods and manners during the hearings are credited with playing a major role in his ultimate downfall. Stevens wanted to resign after the incident but Vice-President Richard Nixon convinced him not to, Robert T. Stevens had a fifty-year career with J. P. Under John Peter Stevens it became one of the largest textile companies in the United States with mills in the North and South, by the age of thirty Robert T. Stevens was president of the company. During his tenure it was one of the worlds largest, most diversified textile organizations and he left Stevens for two-years to serve as Secretary of the Army and by July 1955 he returned to Stevens where he remained until his retirement. He became director emeritus in 1974, like many other companies in post-World War II United States, Stevens moved the company south specifically because he wanted to pay lower wages and avoid unions. By 1963 Stevens was the second-largest company in the United States with 36,000 employees—mainly in the Southern states, for that reason it was selected by the union as the target of a major organizing campaign. Stevenss employees earned wages that were well below the manufacturing average, Stevens resented his company being singled out by the union, and made an aggressive stand. From 1963 to 1980 the company and the union entered into a struggle that became known as the J. P. Stevens campaign or controversy. His children include Bob Stevens from Helena, Montana, J. Whitney Stevens from New York, the family still owns an est. 45, 000-acre cattle ranch called the American Fork in Two Dot and he died on January 30,1983 in Edison, New Jersey

5.
United States Army
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The United States Army is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, the United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775. As a uniformed service, the Army is part of the Department of the Army. As a branch of the forces, the mission of the U. S. The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States, the United States Army serves as the land-based branch of the U. S. Section 3062 of Title 10, U. S, the army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, a number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught Prussian Army tactics and organizational skills. The army fought numerous pitched battles and in the South in 1780–81 sometimes used the Fabian strategy and hit-and-run tactics, hitting where the British were weakest, to wear down their forces. Washington led victories against the British at Trenton and Princeton, but lost a series of battles in the New York and New Jersey campaign in 1776, with a decisive victory at Yorktown, and the help of the French, the Continental Army prevailed against the British. After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates, State militias became the new nations sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Points arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The War of 1812, the second and last war between the United States and Great Britain, had mixed results. After taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the U. S. Army seized parts of western Upper Canada, burned York and defeated Tecumseh, which caused his Western Confederacy to collapse. Following U. S. victories in the Canadian province of Upper Canada, British troops, were able to capture and burn Washington, which was defended by militia, in 1814. Two weeks after a treaty was signed, Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and Siege of Fort St. Philip, U. S. troops and sailors captured HMS Cyane, Levant, and Penguin in the final engagements of the war. Per the treaty, both sides, the United States and Great Britain, returned to the status quo. Both navies kept the warships they had seized during the conflict, the armys major campaign against the Indians was fought in Florida against Seminoles. It took long wars to defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma

6.
United States Congress
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The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington, D. C, both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment. Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party, Congress has 535 voting members,435 Representatives and 100 Senators. The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members and these members can, however, sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation. Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency, known as a district. Congressional districts are apportioned to states by using the United States Census results. Each state, regardless of population or size, has two senators, currently, there are 100 senators representing the 50 states. Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a term, with terms staggered. The House and Senate are equal partners in the legislative process—legislation cannot be enacted without the consent of both chambers, however, the Constitution grants each chamber some unique powers. The Senate ratifies treaties and approves presidential appointments while the House initiates revenue-raising bills, the House initiates impeachment cases, while the Senate decides impeachment cases. A two-thirds vote of the Senate is required before a person can be forcibly removed from office. The term Congress can also refer to a meeting of the legislature. A Congress covers two years, the current one, the 115th Congress, began on January 3,2017, the Congress starts and ends on the third day of January of every odd-numbered year. Members of the Senate are referred to as senators, members of the House of Representatives are referred to as representatives, congressmen, or congresswomen. One analyst argues that it is not a solely reactive institution but has played a role in shaping government policy and is extraordinarily sensitive to public pressure. Several academics described Congress, Congress reflects us in all our strengths, Congress is the governments most representative body. Congress is essentially charged with reconciling our many points of view on the public policy issues of the day. —Smith, Roberts, and Wielen Congress is constantly changing and is constantly in flux, most incumbents seek re-election, and their historical likelihood of winning subsequent elections exceeds 90 percent

7.
President of the United States
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The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-in-chief of the worlds most expensive military with the second largest nuclear arsenal and leading the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP. The office of President holds significant hard and soft power both in the United States and abroad, Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president is responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of the party to which the president is a member. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the United States, since the office of President was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. However, nine vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having elected to the office. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits anyone from being elected president for a third term, in all,44 individuals have served 45 presidencies spanning 57 full four-year terms. On January 20,2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th, in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. The new states, though independent of each other as nation states, desiring to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy, Congress negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish a weak alliance between the states. Out from under any monarchy, the states assigned some formerly royal prerogatives to Congress, only after all the states agreed to a resolution settling competing western land claims did the Articles take effect on March 1,1781, when Maryland became the final state to ratify them. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies, with peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. Prospects for the convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washingtons attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. It was through the negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the U. S. The first power the Constitution confers upon the president is the veto, the Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options, Sign the legislation, the bill becomes law. Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections, in this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation

8.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
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Dwight David Ike Eisenhower was an American politician and Army general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a general in the United States Army during World War II. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43, in 1951, he became the first Supreme Commander of NATO. Eisenhower was of mostly Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry and was raised in a family in Kansas by parents with a strong religious background. He graduated from West Point in 1915 and later married Mamie Doud, after World War II, Eisenhower served as Army Chief of Staff under President Harry S. Truman and then accepted the post of President at Columbia University. Eisenhower entered the 1952 presidential race as a Republican to counter the non-interventionism of Senator Robert A. Taft, campaigning against communism, Korea and he won in a landslide, defeating Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson and temporarily upending the New Deal Coalition. Eisenhower was the first U. S. president to be constitutionally term-limited under the 22nd Amendment, Eisenhowers main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits. He ordered coups in Iran and Guatemala, Eisenhower gave major aid to help the French in the First Indochina War, and after the French were defeated he gave strong financial support to the new state of South Vietnam. Congress agreed to his request in 1955 for the Formosa Resolution, after the Soviet Union launched Sputnik in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the space race. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, Eisenhower condemned the Israeli, British and French invasion of Egypt and he also condemned the Soviet invasion during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 but took no action. Eisenhower sent 15,000 U. S. troops to Lebanon to prevent the government from falling to a Nasser-inspired revolution during the 1958 Lebanon crisis. Near the end of his term, his efforts to set up a meeting with the Soviets collapsed because of the U-2 incident. On the domestic front, he covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking executive privilege and he otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon. Eisenhower was a conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security. Eisenhowers two terms saw considerable economic prosperity except for a decline in 1958. Voted Gallups most admired man twelve times, he achieved widespread popular esteem both in and out of office, since the late 20th century, consensus among Western scholars has consistently held Eisenhower as one of the greatest U. S. Presidents. The Eisenhauer family migrated from Karlsbrunn in the Saarland, to North America, first settling in York, Pennsylvania, in 1741, accounts vary as to how and when the German name Eisenhauer was anglicized to Eisenhower. Eisenhowers Pennsylvania Dutch ancestors, who were farmers, included Hans Nikolaus Eisenhauer of Karlsbrunn

9.
Charles C. Finucane
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Finucane was a government official, and banking and investments executive. Finucane was born in Spokane, Washington and attended the Taft School in Watertown and he received an engineering degree in 1928 from Sheffield School, Yale University. He served as vice-president and then president of Sweeny Investment Company while also serving as an officer in the U. S. Navy Reserve, from 1936-1938 he was vice-president of the Sunshine Consolidated Mining Co. and majority floor leader of the Washington State Legislature in 1939. In 1946 he served as director for both the Spokane and Eastern Division of the Seattle First National Bank and the James Smyth Plumbing and Heating Company of Spokane. He was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Army for Financial Management in 1954, the Under Secretary of the Army in 1955, finucane owned a summer home in Hayden, ID

10.
Wilber M. Brucker
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Wilber Marion Brucker was an American Republican politician. Born in Saginaw, Michigan, he served as the 32nd Governor of Michigan from 1931 to 1933, Brucker was born in Saginaw, Michigan, the son of Democratic U. S. He attended Officer Training Camp at Fort Sheridan, Illinois, and was commissioned a second lieutenant, Brucker served in France during World War I with the 166th Infantry, 42d Division, in the Château Thierry, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne operations, 1917–1918. He received the Silver Star and Purple Heart, and remained a member of the Officer Reserve Corps until 1937, a Republican, after the war, Brucker was assistant prosecuting attorney of Saginaw County from 1919 to 1923, and then prosecuting attorney from 1923 to 1927. He married Clara Hantel in 1923 and he served as assistant attorney general of Michigan, 1927–1928, and as Michigan Attorney General, 1928–1930. In 1930 he was elected as Michigans 32nd Governor, serving one term until being defeated in 1932 by Democrat William Comstock, during his two years in office, the police force in Michigan increased and a new state police headquarters in Lansing was authorized. Also Michigan enacted legislation that allowed grand juries to investigate allegations of municipal government fraud, in 1936, Brucker defeated incumbent U. S. Senator James Couzens in the Republican primary elections, but lost to Democrat Prentiss M. Brown in the general election. He was a member of the law firm of Clark, Klein, Brucker, and Waples, 1937–1954, and served as General Counsel of the Department of Defense from 1954 to 1955, during the Army-McCarthy Hearings. In 1955, Brucker was appointed by U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower as Secretary of the Army, Brucker returned to legal practice in Detroit with the firm of Brucker and Brucker, 1961–1968, and was a member of the Board of Directors of Freedoms Foundation. He died in Detroit on October 28,1968, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Brucker Hall at Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall is named for him. National Governors Association Wilber M. Brucker Papers at the Bentley Historical Library Autobiography of Clara H. Brucker, wife of Wilber M. Brucker To Have Your Cake and Eat It

11.
John F. Kennedy
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Kennedy was a member of the Democratic Party, and his New Frontier domestic program was largely enacted as a memorial to him after his death. Kennedy also established the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963, Kennedys time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states. He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower, in Cuba, a failed attempt was made at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro in April 1961. He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain approval for a war against Cuba. After military service in the United States Naval Reserve in World War II and he was elected subsequently to the U. S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated Vice President, and Republican presidential candidate, Richard Nixon in the 1960 U. S, at age 43, he became the youngest elected president and the second-youngest president. Kennedy was also the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president, to date, Kennedy has been the only Roman Catholic president and the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, on November 22,1963, Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested that afternoon and determined to have fired the shots that hit the President from a sixth floor window of the Texas School Book Depository. Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby fatally shot Oswald two days later in a jail corridor, then-Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson succeeded Kennedy after he died in the hospital. The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin, the majority of Americans alive at the time of the assassination, and continuing through 2013, believed that there was a conspiracy and that Oswald was not the only shooter. Since the 1960s, information concerning Kennedys private life has come to light, including his health problems, Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians polls of U. S. presidents and with the general public. His average approval rating of 70% is the highest of any president in Gallups history of systematically measuring job approval and his grandfathers P. J. Kennedy and Boston Mayor John F. Fitzgerald were both Massachusetts politicians. All four of his grandparents were the children of Irish immigrants, Kennedy had an elder brother, Joseph Jr. and seven younger siblings, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, Jean, and Ted. Kennedy lived in Brookline for ten years and attended the Edward Devotion School, the Noble and Greenough Lower School, and the Dexter School through 4th grade. In 1927, the Kennedy family moved to a stately twenty-room, Georgian-style mansion at 5040 Independence Avenue in the Hudson Hill neighborhood of Riverdale, Bronx and he attended the lower campus of Riverdale Country School, a private school for boys, from 5th to 7th grade. Two years later, the moved to 294 Pondfield Road in the New York City suburb of Bronxville, New York. The Kennedy family spent summers at their home in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, in September 1930, Kennedy—then 13 years old—attended the Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut. In late April 1931, he required an appendectomy, after which he withdrew from Canterbury, in September 1931, Kennedy attended Choate, a boarding school in Wallingford, Connecticut, for 9th through 12th grade

12.
Elvis Jacob Stahr, Jr.
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Elvis Jacob Stahr Jr. was an American government official and college president and administrator. After graduating from the University of Kentucky in 1936 as a member of Sigma Chi and Pershing Rifles and he served as lieutenant colonel in the U. S. Army during World War II. He returned to the University of Kentucky and became a professor and then dean of the College of Law and he served as the United States Secretary of the Army between 1961 and 1962 and served as president of Indiana University from 1962 to 1968. He was the president of the National Audubon Society from 1968 until 1981, Stahr was born in 1916 in Hickman, Kentucky to Hon. Elvis Stahr, a Fulton County, Kentucky judge and his wife Mary McDaniel Stahr. At age 16, he entered the University of Kentucky, where he achieved the highest academic average in the history of the university and he was known at Oxford as the Colonel and resisted assuming British affectations. He practiced law in New York, then studied Chinese at Yale University and he served in combat units in China during World War II as a United States Army lieutenant colonel. Stahr practiced law in New York after the war, and in 1946 married Dorothy Howland Berkfield, in 1947 he became a law professor at the University of Kentucky. He was named dean of the University of Kentucky College of Law, with University President and Justice Thurgood Marshall, he helped desegregate the law school. During the Korean War, he took a 16-month leave of absence to serve as assistant to Secretary of the Army Frank Pace Jr. In 1956, Stahr was staff director of President Dwight D. Eisenhowers Commission on Education Beyond High School. Stahr served as Secretary of the Army in 1961 and 1962, during the Berlin crisis, a major reorganization plan was launched, combat division structure was reorganized, special warfare forces community relations were expanded, and the Army was strengthened during the Berlin Crisis. Stahr also mobilized the Alabama National Guard in 1961, when the Kennedy Administration undertook desegregating of the University of Alabama, in 1962 Stahr resigned to become President of Indiana University. He was the twelfth president. Stahr retired from Indiana University in 1968, accepting the presidency of the National Audubon Society, under Stahrs leadership, the Audubon Society undertook a campaign to increase its influence and membership, which in 10 years more than quadrupled to almost 400,000. S. Tax laws to allow organizations to lobby on public policy issues. He retired from Audubon in 1981, in the years following, he practiced law in Washington, D. C. and New York, lobbying for environmental issues. He had served on corporate boards of directors, including Chase Manhattan Corp. In his life he earned more than 27 honorary degrees from colleges and universities

13.
Cyrus Vance
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Cyrus Roberts Vance was an American lawyer and United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1980. Prior to that position he was the Secretary of the Army, as Secretary of State, Vance approached foreign policy with an emphasis on negotiation over conflict and a special interest in arms reduction. In April 1980, Vance resigned in protest of Operation Eagle Claw and he was succeeded in the position by Edmund Muskie. Vance was the cousin of 1924 Democratic presidential candidate and lawyer John W. Davis and he is the father of Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus Vance, Jr. Vance was born on March 27,1917, in Clarksburg, West Virginia. He was the son of John Carl Vance II and his wife Amy Roberts Vance, following Vances birth, his family relocated to Bronxville, New York, so that his father could commute to Manhattan, where he was an insurance broker. Vances father was also a landowner and worked for a government agency during World War I and he died unexpectedly of pneumonia in 1922. Vances mother was Amy Roberts Vance, who had a prominent family history in Philadelphia and was active in civic affairs, following her husbands death, she moved her family to Switzerland for a year, where Vance and his brother learned French at LInstitut Sillig in Vevey. Vances cousin John W. Davis, an Ambassador to the United Kingdom and 1924 United States presidential candidate, became his mentor and adopted him. Vance graduated from Kent School in 1935 and earned a degree in 1939 from Yale University. He also earned three varsity letters in ice hockey at Yale and he graduated from Yale Law School in 1942. Vance entered the US military during World War II, serving in the Navy as an officer on the destroyer USS Hale until 1946. Upon returning to life he joined the law firm Simpson Thacher & Bartlett in New York City. At the age of 29, Vance married Grace Elsie Gay Sloane on February 15,1947 and she was a Bryn Mawr College graduate and was the daughter of the board chairman of the W. & J. Sloane furniture company in New York City. They had five children, Elsie Nicoll Vance Amy Sloane Vance Grace Roberts Vance Camilla Vance Holmes Cyrus R. Vance, professional snowboarder Kevin Pearce is one of his grandsons. Vance was general counsel of the Defense Department and then the Secretary of the Army during the John F. Kennedy administration. He was secretary when Army units were sent to northern Mississippi in 1962 to protect James Meredith, in 1968 he served as a delegate to peace talks in Paris. He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969, Vance also pushed for closer ties to the Soviet Union, and clashed frequently with the more hawkish National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski. He argued for strong condemnation of Soviet activity in Africa and in the Third World as well as lobbying for normalized relations with the Peoples Republic of China in 1978

14.
Lyndon B. Johnson
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A Democrat from Texas, he previously served as a United States Representative from 1937 to 1949 and then as a United States Senator from 1949 to 1961. He spent six years as Senate Majority Leader, two as Senate Minority Leader, and two more as Senate Majority Whip, Johnson ran for the Democratic nomination in the 1960 presidential election. Although unsuccessful, he was chosen by then-Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts to be his running mate and they went on to win a close election over Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. Johnson was sworn in as Vice President on January 20,1961. Two years and ten months later, on November 22,1963 and he successfully ran for a full term in the 1964 election, winning by a landslide over Republican opponent Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona. He is one of four people who have served as President, Vice President, Senator. Johnson was renowned for his personality and the Johnson treatment. Assisted in part by an economy, the War on Poverty helped millions of Americans rise above the poverty line during his administration. With the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, Johnson escalated American involvement in the Vietnam War. In 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which granted Johnson the power to use force in Southeast Asia without having to ask for an official declaration of war. The number of American military personnel in Vietnam increased dramatically, from 16,000 advisors in non-combat roles in 1963 to 550,000 in early 1968, American casualties soared and the peace process bogged down. Growing unease with the war stimulated a large, angry antiwar movement based especially on university campuses in the U. S. and abroad. Johnson faced further troubles when summer riots broke out in most major cities after 1965, while he began his presidency with widespread approval, support for Johnson declined as the public became upset with both the war and the growing violence at home. In 1968, the Democratic Party factionalized as antiwar elements denounced Johnson, Republican Richard Nixon was elected to succeed him, as the New Deal coalition that had dominated presidential politics for 36 years collapsed. After he left office in January 1969, Johnson returned to his Texas ranch, historians argue that Johnsons presidency marked the peak of modern liberalism in the United States after the New Deal era. Johnson is ranked favorably by some historians because of his policies and the passage of many major laws, affecting civil rights, gun control, wilderness preservation. Lyndon Baines Johnson was born on August 27,1908, near Stonewall, Texas, in a farmhouse on the Pedernales River. Johnson had one brother, Sam Houston Johnson, and three sisters, Rebekah, Josefa, and Lucia, the nearby small town of Johnson City, Texas, was named after LBJs cousin, James Polk Johnson, whose forebears had moved west from Oglethorpe County, Georgia. Johnson had English, German, and Ulster Scots ancestry and he was maternally descended from pioneer Baptist clergyman George Washington Baines, who pastored eight churches in Texas, as well as others in Arkansas and Louisiana

15.
Stephen Ailes
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Stephen Ailes was a prominent member of the District of Columbia Bar and a partner in the firm of Steptoe & Johnson. He served as the United States Under Secretary of the Army from February 9,1961 to January 28,1964 and he received his undergraduate education at Princeton University, and attended the law school of West Virginia University, where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity. Stephen was born in Romney, West Virginia, on May 25,1912 and he attended the Scarborough School in New York with his brother, and later attended Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia and graduated in 1929. He graduated from Princeton University in 1933 and received his law degree from West Virginia University in 1936 and he was admitted to the West Virginia bar in 1936. He was appointed assistant professor of law at West Virginia University,1937 –1940 and he was prevented from military service due to color blindness, but later he was hired at the Office of Price Administration in 1942 until 1946. He served as counsel to the American Economic Mission to Greece in 1947, Ailes served as Under Secretary of the Army,9 February 1961 until 28 January 1964 and he was then promoted to Secretary of the Army until 1 July 1965. He is oft credited as the force for the creation of the United States Army Drill Sergeant program. The Training and Doctrine Commands annual Drill Sergeant of the Year award is named after Ailes, Ailes testified that the plan would cost $31,300,000 in its first year in 1965 dollars, the equivalent of $235 million fifty years later. He died on June 30,2001 from a stroke at his home in Bethesda and he is buried in his home town of Romney at Indian Mound Cemetery. Media related to Stephen Ailes at Wikimedia Commons Stephen Ailes at West Virginia University

16.
Ronald Reagan
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Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who was the 40th President of the United States, from 1981 to 1989. Before his presidency, he was the 33rd Governor of California, from 1967 to 1975, after a career as a Hollywood actor and union leader. Raised in a family in small towns of northern Illinois, Reagan graduated from Eureka College in 1932. After moving to Hollywood in 1937, he became an actor, Reagan was twice elected President of the Screen Actors Guild, the labor union for actors, where he worked to root out Communist influence. In the 1950s, he moved into television and was a speaker at General Electric factories. Having been a lifelong Democrat, his views changed and he became a conservative and in 1962 switched to the Republican Party. In 1964, Reagans speech, A Time for Choosing, in support of Barry Goldwaters foundering presidential campaign, Building a network of supporters, he was elected Governor of California in 1966. Entering the presidency in 1981, Reagan implemented sweeping new political, in his first term he survived an assassination attempt, spurred the War on Drugs, and fought public sector labor. During his re-election bid, Reagan campaigned on the notion that it was Morning in America, foreign affairs dominated his second term, including ending of the Cold War, the bombing of Libya, and the Iran–Contra affair. Publicly describing the Soviet Union as an empire, and during his famous speech at the Brandenburg Gate. Jack, a salesman and storyteller, was the grandson of Irish Catholic immigrants from County Tipperary, Reagan had one older brother, John Neil Reagan, who became an advertising executive. As a boy, Reagans father nicknamed his son Dutch, due to his fat little Dutchman-like appearance and Dutchboy haircut, Reagans family briefly lived in several towns and cities in Illinois, including Monmouth, Galesburg, and Chicago. In 1919, they returned to Tampico and lived above the H. C, Pitney Variety Store until finally settling in Dixon. After his election as president, residing in the upstairs White House private quarters, for the time, Reagan was unusual in his opposition to racial discrimination, and recalled a time in Dixon when the local inn would not allow black people to stay there. Reagan brought them back to his house, where his mother invited them to stay the night and have breakfast the next morning, after the closure of the Pitney Store in late 1920 and the familys move to Dixon, the midwestern small universe had a lasting impression on Reagan. Reagan attended Dixon High School, where he developed interests in acting, sports and his first job was as a lifeguard at the Rock River in Lowell Park in 1927. Over a six-year period, Reagan reportedly performed 77 rescues as a lifeguard and he attended Eureka College, a Disciples-oriented liberal arts school, where he became a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity, a cheerleader, and studied economics and sociology. While involved, the Miller Center of Public Affairs described him as an indifferent student and he majored in economics and sociology, and graduated with a C grade

17.
Frank Carlucci
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Frank Charles Carlucci III served as the United States Secretary of Defense from 1987 to 1989 in the administration of President Ronald Reagan. Carlucci was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the son of Roxanne and Frank Charles Carlucci and his father was of Italian and Swiss descent. He graduated from Wyoming Seminary in 1948 and Princeton University in 1952, where he roomed with Donald Rumsfeld and he was a Naval officer from 1952-54. He joined the Foreign Service, working for the State Department from 1956 until 1969, in 1961 he participated in a CIA mission to Congo. Since Carlucci was suspected to be one of the CIA officials who oversaw the murder of Lumumba, kennedy first responded Who the hell is Carlucci. and then sent Dean Rusk to find him. In the year 2000, a film called Lumumba portrayed him as being involved during his service in Congo in the murder of Congolese independence leader Patrice Lumumba. Carlucci furiously denied the charges, and successfully went to court to prevent being named in the film when it was released in the United States, during the early 1970s, Carlucci became Donald Rumsfelds protege as Rumsfeld showed him the ropes. Carlucci was Undersecretary of Health, Education and Welfare when Caspar Weinberger was secretary during the Nixon administration, Carlucci became Ambassador to Portugal, and served in this position from 1974 until 1977. He is still fondly remembered in Portugal among the winners of the November 25 Coup dÉtat. The Carlucci American International School of Lisbon is named for him, Carlucci was Deputy Director of the CIA from 1978–1981, under CIA Director Stansfield Turner. He was reportedly less hard-line in policies toward the Soviet Union than Weinberger and he served as Secretary of Defense until the end of the Reagan administration on January 20,1989. On January 5,2006, he participated in a meeting at the White House of former Secretaries of Defense, Carlucci served as chairman of the Carlyle Group from 1992–2003, and chairman emeritus until 2005. He also has interests in the following companies, General Dynamics, Westinghouse, Ashland Oil, Neurogen, CB Commercial Real Estate, Nortel, BDM International, Quaker Oats. Carlucci is Chairman of Environ USA, and former director of Wackenhut and he is a co-founder and senior member of the Frontier Group, a private equity investment firm co-founded by David Robb and to which Sanford McDonnell and Norm Augustine are senior advisors. Frontier Group is the investor in Utopia Residences, which has ordered the Utopia ocean liner. Carlucci is an Advisory board member of G2 Satellite Solutions and the Chairman Emeritus of Nortel Networks and he is affiliated with the Project for the New American Century, a conservative think tank. He formerly sat on the Board of Directors of the Middle East Policy Council and he is Chairman Emeritus of the US-Taiwan Business Council. Carlucci is a member of the Board of Trustees of the RAND Corporation and he is also a member of the Honorary Board of the Drug Policy Alliance, a group which advocates drug legalization

18.
Ken Kramer
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For the stand-up comedian and Seinfeld character inspiration, see Kenny Kramer. Kenneth Bentley Ken Kramer is a former Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Colorado, born February 19,1942, in Chicago, Kramer grew up in the citys suburb of Skokie, Illinois. He attended the University of Illinois, and after earning his degree, entered Harvard University, in 1966, he was admitted to the bar, and by 1970, he had risen to the position of assistant district attorney for the states Fourth Judicial District. In 1972, Kramer was elected to the Colorado House of Representatives and that year, he was elected to represent the states 5th congressional district, filling the vacancy left by U. S. Senator-elect William Armstrong. Kramer held the seat for eight years, in 1986, he retired to run for the United States Senate, but lost the election to Democrat Tim Wirth. Kramer returned to Colorado Springs, Colorado to be an attorney in private practice, since retiring, Kramer has held several positions. President Ronald Reagan nominated Kramer to be Assistant Secretary of the Army on June 10,1988 and he was nominated by President George H. W. Bush and appointed as a Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims in 1989. He was chief judge for the court until he retired in 2004, biographical Directory of the United States Congress

19.
Douglas A. Brook
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Douglas Alan Brook was United States Assistant Secretary of the Army from 1990 to 1992 and Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 2007 to 2009. Brook was born in Chicago and raised in East Detroit, Michigan and he was educated at the University of Michigan, receiving a bachelors degree in Political Science in 1965 and a Master of Public Administration degree in 1967. After college, he served in the United States Navy from 1968 to 1970, after completing the Executive Education Program at the Darden Graduate School of Business Administration in 1977, Brook joined Libbey–Owens–Ford in 1976 as Vice President of Government Affairs. He left Libbey-Owens-Ford in 1982 to found Brook Associates, Inc. a public affairs consulting business serving corporate, during this time, he lived in Vienna, Virginia and served two elected terms on the Vienna Town Council. In 1990, President of the United States George H. W. Bush nominated Brook to be Assistant Secretary of the Army and, after Senate confirmation and he also served as Acting Director of the United States Office of Personnel Management in 1992. Brook left government service in 1992, becoming Vice President of Government Affairs for Ling-Temco-Vought and he held this position until the liquidation of Ling-Temco-Vought in 2002. In 2002, he became Dean of the Graduate School of Business & Public Policy at the Naval Postgraduate School and he stepped down as dean in 2005, but remained a professor of public policy at the Naval Postgraduate Schools Center for Defense Management Reform. In 2007, President George W. Bush nominated Brook to be Assistant Secretary of the Navy and he was also Acting Under Secretary of Defense from 2008 to 2009. Currently, Brook sings tenor with the Front Street United Methodist Church Chancel Choir in Burlington, North Carolina, under the direction of Choirmaster, profile from Dept. of the Navy Vita from the Naval Postgraduate School

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George H. W. Bush
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George Herbert Walker Bush is an American politician who was the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 and the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Republican Party, he was previously a congressman, ambassador, and he is the oldest living former President and Vice President. Prior to his sons presidency, he was referred to as George Bush or President Bush. Bush was born in Milton, Massachusetts, to Prescott Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Bush postponed his university studies, enlisted in the U. S. Navy on his 18th birthday and he served until the end of the war, then attended Yale University. Graduating in 1948, he moved his family to West Texas and entered the oil business, Bush became involved in politics soon after founding his own oil company, serving as a member of the House of Representatives and Director of Central Intelligence, among other positions. He failed to win the Republican nomination for President in 1980, but was chosen as a mate by party nominee Ronald Reagan. During his tenure, Bush headed administration task forces on deregulation, in 1988, Bush ran a successful campaign to succeed Reagan as President, defeating Democratic opponent Michael Dukakis. Foreign policy drove the Bush presidency, military operations were conducted in Panama and the Persian Gulf, the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, and the Soviet Union dissolved two years later. Domestically, Bush reneged on a 1988 campaign promise and, after a struggle with Congress and his presidential library was dedicated in 1997, and he has been active—often alongside Bill Clinton—in various humanitarian activities. Besides being the 43rd president, his son George also served as the 46th Governor of Texas and is one of only two other being John Quincy Adams—to be the son of a former president. His second son, Jeb Bush, served as the 43rd Governor of Florida, George Herbert Walker Bush was born at 173 Adams Street in Milton, Massachusetts, on June 12,1924, to Prescott Sheldon Bush and Dorothy Bush. The Bush family moved from Milton to Greenwich, Connecticut, shortly after his birth, growing up, his nickname was Poppy. Bush began his education at the Greenwich Country Day School in Greenwich. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, Bush decided to join the US, Navy, so after graduating from Phillips Academy in 1942, he became a naval aviator at the age of 18. He was assigned to Torpedo Squadron as the officer in September 1943. The following year, his squadron was based on USS San Jacinto as a member of Air Group 51, during this time, the task force was victorious in one of the largest air battles of World War II, the Battle of the Philippine Sea. After Bushs promotion to Lieutenant on August 1,1944, San Jacinto commenced operations against the Japanese in the Bonin Islands, Bush piloted one of four Grumman TBM Avenger aircraft from VT-51 that attacked the Japanese installations on Chichijima

21.
William J. Clinton
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William Jefferson Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the Presidency he was the 40th Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, before that, he served as Arkansas Attorney General from 1977 to 1979. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was ideogically a New Democrat, Clinton is married to Hillary Clinton, who served as United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 and U. S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, and served the Democratic nominee for President in 2016, Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham both earned degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the states education system, Clinton was elected President of the United States in 1992, defeating incumbent George H. W. Bush. At age 46, he was the third-youngest president and the first from the Baby Boomer generation, Clinton presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history and signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement. After failing to pass health care reform, the Democratic House was ousted when the Republican Party won control of the Congress in 1994. Two years later, in 1996, Clinton became the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to be elected to a second term, Clinton passed welfare reform and the State Childrens Health Insurance Program, providing health coverage for millions of children. Clinton was acquitted by the U. S. Senate in 1999, the Congressional Budget Office reported a budget surplus between the years 1998 and 2000, the last three years of Clintons presidency. In foreign policy, Clinton ordered U. S. Clinton left office with the highest end-of-office approval rating of any U. S. President since World War II, since then, Clinton has been involved in public speaking and humanitarian work. He created the William J. Clinton Foundation to address international causes, such as the prevention of AIDS, in 2004, Clinton published his autobiography, My Life. In 2009, Clinton was named the United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti, since leaving office, Clinton has been rated highly in public opinion polls of U. S. Presidents. Clinton was born on August 19,1946, at Julia Chester Hospital in Hope, Arkansas and he was the son of William Jefferson Blythe Jr. a traveling salesman who had died in an automobile accident three months before his birth, and Virginia Dell Cassidy. His parents had married on September 4,1943, but this later proved to be bigamous. Soon after their son was born, his mother traveled to New Orleans to study nursing, leaving her son in Hope with her parents Eldridge and Edith Cassidy, who owned and ran a small grocery store. At a time when the Southern United States was segregated racially, in 1950, Bills mother returned from nursing school and married Roger Clinton Sr. who owned an automobile dealership in Hot Springs, Arkansas, with his brother and Earl T. Ricks. The family moved to Hot Springs in 1950, although he immediately assumed use of his stepfathers surname, it was not until Clinton turned fifteen that he formally adopted the surname Clinton as a gesture toward his stepfather. In Hot Springs, Clinton attended St. Johns Catholic Elementary School, Ramble Elementary School, and Hot Springs High School—where he was a student leader, avid reader

22.
Sandra L. Pack
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Sandra Lee Sandy Pack was United States Assistant Secretary of the Army from 2001 to 2003 and Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Management & Chief Financial Officer from 2005 to 2006. Sandy Pack was educated at the College of Notre Dame of Maryland, after college, she worked at the accounting firm of Ernst & Young. In February 1999, Pack became Director of Treasury / Chief Financial Officer for George W. Bushs 2000 presidential campaign, reporting to campaign manager Joe Allbaugh. In December 2003, Pack resigned from her office in the United States Department of the Army to become CFO of George W. Bushs 2004 presidential campaign, reporting to campaign manager Ken Mehlman. After Bushs victory in the 2004 U. S. presidential election, Pack subsequently held this office from August 2005 to December 2006. From December 2006 to December 2008, Pack was the CFO of the Rudy Giuliani U. S. presidential campaign, from April 2008 to September 2009, she was the John McCain presidential campaigns Senior Advisor to Treasury and Accounting. Since September 2009, Pack has been the Chief Audit Executive of the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Packs profile on LinkedIn The Bush Appointees, from restoringsanity. com 2001 Hearings on Packs Nomination as Assistant Secretary of the Army

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George W. Bush
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George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000 and he is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives shortly thereafter. He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election and he is the second president to assume the nations highest office after his father, following the lead of John Quincy Adams. He is also a brother of Jeb Bush, a former Governor of Florida who was a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in the 2016 presidential election, the September 11 terrorist attacks occurred eight months into Bushs first term as president. Bush responded with what became known as the Bush Doctrine, launching a War on Terror, a military campaign that included the war in Afghanistan in 2001. He also promoted policies on the economy, health care, education, Social Security reform and his tenure included national debates on immigration, Social Security, electronic surveillance, and torture. In the 2004 Presidential race, Bush defeated Democratic Senator John Kerry in another close election. After his re-election, Bush received increasingly heated criticism from across the spectrum for his handling of the Iraq War, Hurricane Katrina. Amid this criticism, the Democratic Party regained control of Congress in the 2006 elections, Bush left office in 2009, returning to Texas where he purchased a home in Crawford. He wrote a memoir, Decision Points and his presidential library was opened in 2013. His presidency has been ranked among the worst in historians polls published in the late 2000s and 2010s. George Walker Bush was born on July 6,1946, at Grace-New Haven Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut, as the first child of George Herbert Walker Bush and his wife, the former Barbara Pierce. He was raised in Midland and Houston, Texas, with four siblings, Jeb, Neil, Marvin, another younger sister, Robin, died from leukemia at the age of three in 1953. His grandfather, Prescott Bush, was a U. S and his father, George H. W. Bush, was Ronald Reagans Vice President from 1981 to 1989 and the 41st U. S. President from 1989 to 1993. Bush has English and some German ancestry, along with more distant Dutch, Welsh, Irish, French, Bush attended public schools in Midland, Texas, until the family moved to Houston after he had completed seventh grade. He then spent two years at The Kinkaid School, a school in Houston. Bush attended high school at Phillips Academy, a school in Andover, Massachusetts

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Thomas E. White
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In 1963 White graduated from Cass Technical High School in Detroit. He was a part of the JROTC program at Cass Tech, in 1967, White graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point with a Bachelor of Science degree and was commissioned in the United States Army. In 1974, he received a Master of Science degree in research from the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey. In 1984, he attended the United States Army War College, Carlisle, in July,1990 White retired from the Army with the rank of Brigadier General. In 1990 White entered the sector as Vice-Chairman of Enron Energy Services. White also served as a member of Enrons Executive Committee and was Chairman, White was a controversial choice for Government service despite his long military service due to his most recent position as an executive with the Enron Corporation. U. S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld however had decided to make corporate experience one of the key requirements in his appointees, White was immediately embroiled in controversy regarding his previous employment with Enron and what he may have known about some of Enrons questionable business practices. His retention of an amount of Enron stock fueled the perception of a conflict interest. In 2002, White became involved with a dispute with Donald Rumsfeld over the cancellation of the Armys Crusader artillery project. White supported the Army view that the Crusader was vital to the Armys future, however, Rumsfeld decided it was not suited for wars of the future and eventually canceled the program. White resigned on April 25,2003, Enron had been the only bidder for this deal after White had controversially used his government and military contacts to secure key concessions. Shortly after the calls were made, White unloaded 200,000 Enron shares for $12 million and my response in both cases was that I had suffered significant personal losses but that I would persevere. The New York Times reported that in late January 2002, Rep. Henry Waxman requested a meeting with White regarding the military contracts, stating “you are in a unique position because you are the person in government who has the most intimate knowledge of Enron”. This earned him a rebuke from Sens, carl Levin and John Warner of the Senate Armed Services Committee. He was also accused in the Washington Post of Misuse of Government Property, by using military jets for personal trips for himself. In July, following reports of the company’s involvement in the 2000-2001 California electricity crisis

25.
Valerie L. Baldwin
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Valerie Lynn Baldwin was United States Assistant Secretary of the Army from 2004 to 2006. Valerie L. Baldwin received a degree from Wichita State University, a graduate degree from the London School of Economics, and, in 1991. After law school, Baldwin worked as a lawyer for the United States Department of Housing. She later served as a Congressional aide, including as counsel for the United States House Committee on Financial Services. In 2004, President of the United States George W. Bush nominated Baldwin to be Assistant Secretary of the Army, since leaving government service, Baldwin has served on the Board of Directors of DataPath, Inc. a subsidiary of Rockwell Collins

26.
Francis J. Harvey
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Francis Joseph Harvey served as the 19th Secretary of the United States Army from November 19,2004 to March 9,2007. Harvey was born and raised in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, as of 2013, he and his wife of 48 years, Mary, have two children and five grandchildren. He was involved in over 20 major defense programs across the spectrum from undersea to outer space, including tanks, missiles, submarines, surface ships, aircraft. In addition, he was a member of the Army Science Board in the late 1990s, traveling to numerous U. S. Army installations, and participated in early studies that helped define the Future Combat System. Harvey also served for one year as a White House Fellow and assistant in the office of the Secretary of Defense, Harold Brown. In addition, he was a member of the boards of other corporations. Harvey was nominated to be Secretary of the United States Army on September 15,2004 by President George W. Bush. In this position, Harvey served as the civilian official within the Department of the Army.5 billion and over one million soldiers, personnel. In his memoirs, Gates cited Harveys appointment of Army Surgeon-General Kevin C and this appointment was greeted with dismay by many wounded warriors and their families because many of these problems arose during Kileys previous command of the hospital. Gates also cited Harveys unconscionable attempt to blame the problems on some NCOs who werent doing their job, Gates described Harvey as a good man who had rendered distinguished service to the country. I fired him because once informed of the circumstances at Walter Reed, there is an alternative explanation of why Harvey was asked to resign as outlined in the book Leadership Lessons of the White House Fellows by Charles P. Garcia. In the preface of the book, it states that he was forced to resign allegedly for his handling of incidents at Walter Reed. Leadership Lessons of the White House Fellows, Learn How to Inspire Others, Achieve Greatness, ISBN0071598480 Francis J. Harveys federal campaign contributions

27.
Nelson M. Ford
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Nelson McCain Ford was United States Under Secretary of the Army from 2007 to 2009. Nelson M. Ford was educated at Duke University and the University of Delaware, in the 1970s, Ford was Executive Secretary of the Health Care Financing Administration and worked in the Office of Management and Budget on health care policy issues. He later joined Coopers & Lybrand and became a consultant to health care companies, in the 1990s, he became Chief Operating Officer of the Georgetown University Medical Center. In 1997, he became President and CEO of Clinipad, a manufacturer of medical products. Ford joined the United States Department of Defense in 2002 as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, in 2005, he became Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army, and the next year President of the United States George W. Bush named Ford full Assistant Secretary of the Army. In 2007, President Bush nominated Ford as United States Under Secretary of the Army, Ford held this post until 2009. Ford is currently President & CEO of LMI, a government consulting firm based in McLean. Biography from the Dept. of the Army

28.
Pete Geren
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Preston Murdoch Geren, III, known as Pete Geren served as the 20th United States Secretary of the Army from July 16,2007 to September 16,2009. He is a Democratic former member of the United States House of Representatives from Texass 12th congressional district and he is currently president of the Sid W. Richardson Foundation in Fort Worth. Geren was born in Fort Worth, Texas and he attended Georgia Tech in Atlanta, Georgia, from 1970 to 1973, where he was the starting center for the football team. He received his Bachelor of Arts from the University of Texas in 1974 and his older brother, Charlie Geren, is a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 99 in Tarrant County. Prior to entering service, Geren was an attorney and businessman in Fort Worth. From 1983 to 1985 he was an aide to Democrat U. S, from 1989 until 1997, Geren served for four terms in the United States House of Representatives. He was first elected in an election to succeed former Speaker of the House Jim Wright. He narrowly defeated Republican candidate, well known Fort Worth allergist Bob Lanier, Geren was re-elected for three more terms, but opted not to run in 1996. He was succeeded by Kay Granger, while in Congress, Geren was credited with coining the term Blue Dog Democrat. Moderate and conservative Democrats in Congress chose to name their group after this term, Geren opined that the members had been choked blue by extreme Democrats from the left. It is related to the political term Yellow Dog Democrat, a reference to southern Democrats said to be so loyal they would vote for a yellow dog if it were labeled a Democrat. On July 29,2005, Bush appointed Geren the acting United States Secretary of the Air Force, a position he served in until the confirmation of his successor Michael Wynne in November 2005. Geren was the 28th Undersecretary of the Army, a post he assumed on February 21,2006, following his nomination by President George W. Bush, as the Undersecretary, Geren was the Armys No.2 civilian leader. He served as the deputy and senior advisor to the Secretary of the Army and was Acting Secretary in the absence of the Secretary, on July 16,2007, the Senate confirmed Geren as Secretary of the Army. This Gansler Commission was named after its chair, Jacques S. Gansler. We as an Army failed in our duty to the Tillman family, the duty we owe to all the families of our soldiers, Give them the truth. Weve doubled the funding in the budget for Family programs over the last year and were continuing to have that funding and this is a tough time for the Army. But our Soldiers and Families are extraordinarily selfless, mission-focused folks and it is an honor to be around them, and its our responsibility to take care of them

29.
Mary Sally Matiella
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Mary Sally Matiella was a United States Assistant Secretary of the Army, holding office from February 16,2010 until February 27,2014, when she resigned. She was succeeded by Mr. Robert M. Speer, mary Sally Matiella was educated at the University of Arizona, receiving a B. A. in 1973 and an M. B. A. in 1976. In 1980, Matiella began a career as a civilian employee of the United States Armed Forces. From 1995 to 1998, she was Director of Accounting at the DFAS office in San Bernardino and she then moved to Washington, D. C. to become a staff accountant in the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense, a position she held until 2001. Matiella became a member of the Senior Executive Service in December 2001, there, she oversaw a $4 billion annual budget. She later served as Assistant Chief Financial Officer for Accounting for the United States Department of Housing, on November 23,2009, President of the United States Barack Obama nominated Matiella to be Assistant Secretary of the Army. After Senate confirmation, she was sworn into office by United States Under Secretary of the Army Joseph W. Westphal on February 16,2010, profile from the Dept. of the Army Story re

30.
Barack Obama
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Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. He is the first African American to have served as president and he previously served in the U. S. Senate representing Illinois from 2005 to 2008, and in the Illinois State Senate from 1997 to 2004. Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, two years after the territory was admitted to the Union as the 50th state and he grew up mostly in Hawaii, but also spent one year of his childhood in Washington State and four years in Indonesia. After graduating from Columbia University in 1983, he worked as a community organizer in Chicago, in 1988 Obama enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was the first black president of the Harvard Law Review. After graduation, he became a civil rights attorney and professor, Obama represented the 13th District for three terms in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004, when he ran for the U. S. Senate. In 2008, Obama was nominated for president, a year after his campaign began and he was elected over Republican John McCain, and was inaugurated on January 20,2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, during his first two years in office, Obama signed many landmark bills. Main reforms were the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, after a lengthy debate over the national debt limit, Obama signed the Budget Control and the American Taxpayer Relief Acts. In foreign policy, Obama increased U. S. troop levels in Afghanistan, reduced nuclear weapons with the U. S. -Russian New START treaty, and ended military involvement in the Iraq War. He ordered military involvement in Libya in opposition to Muammar Gaddafi, after winning re-election over Mitt Romney, Obama was sworn in for a second term in 2013. Obama also advocated gun control in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, and issued wide-ranging executive actions concerning climate change and immigration. In foreign policy, Obama ordered military intervention in Iraq in response to gains made by ISIL after the 2011 withdrawal from Iraq, Obama left office in January 2017 with a 60% approval rating. He currently resides in Washington, D. C and his presidential library will be built in Chicago. Obama was born on August 4,1961, at Kapiʻolani Maternity & Gynecological Hospital in Honolulu and he is the only President to have been born in Hawaii. He was born to a mother and a black father. His mother, Ann Dunham, was born in Wichita, Kansas, of mostly English descent, with some German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss and his father, Barack Obama Sr. was a married Luo Kenyan man from Nyangoma Kogelo. Obamas parents met in 1960 in a Russian language class at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, the couple married in Wailuku, Hawaii on February 2,1961, six months before Obama was born. In late August 1961, Obamas mother moved him to the University of Washington in Seattle for a year

31.
John M. McHugh
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In June 2009, President Barack Obama nominated McHugh to the position of United States Secretary of the Army. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate and he took office on September 21,2009, in July 2015, McHugh announced his intent to resign by November 2015. He retired on November 1,2015 after more than six years of service, on September 18,2015, President Obama nominated Eric Fanning to be his replacement. McHugh was born in Watertown, New York and he graduated from Watertown High School in 1966 and attended Syracuse University, in 1970 he graduated from Utica College with a B. A. in political science. He later went on to receive a Master of Public Administration degree from the Nelson A. Rockefeller Graduate School of Public Affairs at the State University of New York at Albany in 1977. Though he was of age during the Vietnam War, McHugh did not serve in the military. He served as an aide to State Senator H. Douglas Barclay from 1977 to 1984, McHugh was a member of the New York State Senate from 1985 to 1992, sitting in the 186th, 187th, 188th and 189th New York State Legislatures. This part of Upstate New York has historically been very Republican at the congressional level, the district had been in Republican hands continuously since 1871, and some parts of the district had been represented by a Democrat since 1851. McHugh was reelected eight times with no opposition, running unopposed in 2002. McHugh was a member of the Board of Directors of the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York for 14 years, McHugh was the ranking Republican on the House Armed Services Committee, and was also a senior member of the Oversight and Government Reform Committee. He was a member of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence from 2005 to 2009, McHugh defeated his Democratic opponent, Dr. Robert J. Johnson, in 2004 and again in 2006. During the campaign, Dr. Johnson found himself unable to fly due to his appearing on the No Fly List. At the time, Johnson speculated that he was added to the list because of his anti-war views, a later CBS News investigation discovered that the name Robert Johnson appeared on the list due to its use as an alias by a man convicted of plotting bombings in Toronto. Several other men named Robert Johnson were affected by its inclusion, McHugh was the only one of New Yorks eight Republican incumbents to win by more than 60% of the vote in 2006. The other seven were either defeated or were held below 60% by their Democratic challengers, McHugh defeated Democrat Mike Oot in 2008, garnering 65. 3% of the vote. McHugh is a moderate Republican, which is typical for Republicans from New York and he has a lifetime rating of 83% from the American Conservative Union. McHugh voted yes along with only 7 other Republicans for the American Clean Energy Act on June 26,2009, on June 2,2009, McHugh was nominated to the position of Secretary of the Army, by President Barack Obama. He was confirmed by the Senate in a vote on September 16,2009

George H. Roderick
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George H. Roderick was an official in the United States Department of the Army during the Eisenhower Administration. Roderick was educated at the University of Michigan, where he wrote the music for the 1920 college musical, in the 1950s, Roderick was active in the Rotary Club in Grand Rapids, Michigan. In 1954, President of the United States Dwigh

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George H. Roderick in 1960.

United States Department of the Army
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The Department of the Army is one of the three military departments within the Department of Defense of the United States of America. The Secretary of the Army is an official appointed by the President. The highest-ranking military officer in the department is the Chief of Staff of the Army, by amendments to the National Security Act of 1947 in 194

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Emblem of the Department of the Army

United States Secretary of the Army
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The Secretary of the Army is nominated by the President and confirmed by the U. S. Senate, the Secretary of the Army is a non-Cabinet position serving under the Secretary of Defense. Robert M. Speer took office as Acting Secretary on January 20,2017 and he will perform his duties until the U. S. Senate confirms a new Army Secretary, Karl M. Schneid

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Eric K. Fanning, the acting 22nd Secretary of the Army

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Emblem of the Department of the Army

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Kenneth Claiborne Royall

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Gordon Gray

Robert T. Stevens
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Robert Ten Broeck Stevens was a US businessman and former chairman of J. P. Stevens and Company, which was one of the most established textile manufacturing plants in the US. He served as the Secretary of the Army between February 4,1953 until July 21,1955, Stevens was born on July 31,1899 in Fanwood, New Jersey to John Peters Stevens and Edna Ten

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Mr. Thomas E. Hawley is performing the duties of the Under Secretary of the United States Army, effective November 03, 2015, official photo attached. (U.S. Army photo by Alfredo Barraza/Released)

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Flag of the Under Secretary of the Army

United States Army
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The United States Army is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, the United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception f

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Storming of Redoubt #10 in the Siege of Yorktown during the American Revolutionary War prompted the British government to begin negotiations, resulting in the Treaty of Paris and British recognition of the United States of America.

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Emblem of the United States Department of the Army

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General Andrew Jackson stands on the parapet of his makeshift defenses as his troops repulse attacking Highlanders during the defense of New Orleans, the final major battle of the War of 1812

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The Battle of Gettysburg, the turning point of the American Civil War

United States Congress
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The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington, D. C, both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a

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United States Congress

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In 1868, this committee of representatives prosecuted president Andrew Johnson in his impeachment trial, but the Senate did not convict him.

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George Washington presiding over the signing of the United States Constitution.

President of the United States
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The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-

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Incumbent Barack Obama since January 20, 2009 (2009-01-20)

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Presidential Seal

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Obama signing legislation at the Resolute desk

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Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, successfully preserved the Union during the American Civil War

Dwight D. Eisenhower
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Dwight David Ike Eisenhower was an American politician and Army general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a general in the United States Army during World War II. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43, in 1951, he became the first S

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Dwight D. Eisenhower

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The Eisenhower family home, Abilene, Kansas.

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Eisenhower (2nd from left) and Omar Bradley (2nd from right) were members of the 1912 West Point football team.

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Eisenhower (far right) with three unidentified people in 1919, four years after graduating from West Point.

Charles C. Finucane
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Finucane was a government official, and banking and investments executive. Finucane was born in Spokane, Washington and attended the Taft School in Watertown and he received an engineering degree in 1928 from Sheffield School, Yale University. He served as vice-president and then president of Sweeny Investment Company while also serving as an offic

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Charles C. Finucane

Wilber M. Brucker
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Wilber Marion Brucker was an American Republican politician. Born in Saginaw, Michigan, he served as the 32nd Governor of Michigan from 1931 to 1933, Brucker was born in Saginaw, Michigan, the son of Democratic U. S. He attended Officer Training Camp at Fort Sheridan, Illinois, and was commissioned a second lieutenant, Brucker served in France duri

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Brucker as Secretary of the Army by Charles J Fox

John F. Kennedy
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Kennedy was a member of the Democratic Party, and his New Frontier domestic program was largely enacted as a memorial to him after his death. Kennedy also established the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963, Kennedys time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states. He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vi

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John F. Kennedy

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The Kennedy family at Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, in 1931 with Jack at top left in white shirt. Ted was born the following year.

Elvis Jacob Stahr, Jr.
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Elvis Jacob Stahr Jr. was an American government official and college president and administrator. After graduating from the University of Kentucky in 1936 as a member of Sigma Chi and Pershing Rifles and he served as lieutenant colonel in the U. S. Army during World War II. He returned to the University of Kentucky and became a professor and then

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Elvis Jacob Stahr by Leo Fox

Cyrus Vance
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Cyrus Roberts Vance was an American lawyer and United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1980. Prior to that position he was the Secretary of the Army, as Secretary of State, Vance approached foreign policy with an emphasis on negotiation over conflict and a special interest in arms reduction. In April 1980, Vance r

Lyndon B. Johnson
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A Democrat from Texas, he previously served as a United States Representative from 1937 to 1949 and then as a United States Senator from 1949 to 1961. He spent six years as Senate Majority Leader, two as Senate Minority Leader, and two more as Senate Majority Whip, Johnson ran for the Democratic nomination in the 1960 presidential election. Althoug

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Johnson in 1964

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Lyndon Johnson with his trademark cowboy hat—age seven

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Johnson's boss, U.S. Rep. Richard Kleberg

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LCDR Johnson, March 1942

Stephen Ailes
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Stephen Ailes was a prominent member of the District of Columbia Bar and a partner in the firm of Steptoe & Johnson. He served as the United States Under Secretary of the Army from February 9,1961 to January 28,1964 and he received his undergraduate education at Princeton University, and attended the law school of West Virginia University, where he

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Stephen Ailes

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Gravestone at the interment site of Stephen Ailes and his wife Helen Wales Ailes at Indian Mound Cemetery in Romney, West Virginia.

Ronald Reagan
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Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who was the 40th President of the United States, from 1981 to 1989. Before his presidency, he was the 33rd Governor of California, from 1967 to 1975, after a career as a Hollywood actor and union leader. Raised in a family in small towns of northern Illinois, Reagan graduated from Eureka Col

Frank Carlucci
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Frank Charles Carlucci III served as the United States Secretary of Defense from 1987 to 1989 in the administration of President Ronald Reagan. Carlucci was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the son of Roxanne and Frank Charles Carlucci and his father was of Italian and Swiss descent. He graduated from Wyoming Seminary in 1948 and Princeton Universit

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Frank Carlucci

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Secretary Carlucci at a press conference, 1988

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Secretary of State

Ken Kramer
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For the stand-up comedian and Seinfeld character inspiration, see Kenny Kramer. Kenneth Bentley Ken Kramer is a former Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Colorado, born February 19,1942, in Chicago, Kramer grew up in the citys suburb of Skokie, Illinois. He attended the University of Illinois, and after earning his

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Ken Kramer

Douglas A. Brook
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Douglas Alan Brook was United States Assistant Secretary of the Army from 1990 to 1992 and Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 2007 to 2009. Brook was born in Chicago and raised in East Detroit, Michigan and he was educated at the University of Michigan, receiving a bachelors degree in Political Science in 1965 and a Master of Public Administratio

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Douglas A. Brook

George H. W. Bush
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George Herbert Walker Bush is an American politician who was the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 and the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Republican Party, he was previously a congressman, ambassador, and he is the oldest living former President and Vice President. Prior to his sons presidency, he wa

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George H. W. Bush

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George Bush in his TBM Avenger on the carrier USS San Jacinto in 1944

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Bush with President Dwight D. Eisenhower

William J. Clinton
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William Jefferson Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the Presidency he was the 40th Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, before that, he served as Arkansas Attorney General from 1977 to 1979. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was ideogically a New Democrat,

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Bill Clinton

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William Jefferson Blythe III, in 1950 at age four

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Clinton's boyhood home in Hope, Arkansas

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Clinton ran for President of the Student Council while attending the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University.

Sandra L. Pack
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Sandra Lee Sandy Pack was United States Assistant Secretary of the Army from 2001 to 2003 and Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Management & Chief Financial Officer from 2005 to 2006. Sandy Pack was educated at the College of Notre Dame of Maryland, after college, she worked at the accounting firm of Ernst & Young. In February 1999, Pack beca

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Sandra L. Pack

George W. Bush
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George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000 and he is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, Bush married Laura Welch in 1977

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George W. Bush

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Lt. George W. Bush while in the Texas Air National Guard

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Governor Bush (right) with father, former president George H. W. Bush and wife, Laura, in 1997

Thomas E. White
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In 1963 White graduated from Cass Technical High School in Detroit. He was a part of the JROTC program at Cass Tech, in 1967, White graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point with a Bachelor of Science degree and was commissioned in the United States Army. In 1974, he received a Master of Science degree in research from the Nav

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Thomas E. White, Jr.

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White as brigadier general, 1989.

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Secretary Thomas E. White visits Fort Campbell, KY

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Secretary Thomas E. White at press conference

Valerie L. Baldwin
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Valerie Lynn Baldwin was United States Assistant Secretary of the Army from 2004 to 2006. Valerie L. Baldwin received a degree from Wichita State University, a graduate degree from the London School of Economics, and, in 1991. After law school, Baldwin worked as a lawyer for the United States Department of Housing. She later served as a Congression

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Valerie L. Baldwin

Francis J. Harvey
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Francis Joseph Harvey served as the 19th Secretary of the United States Army from November 19,2004 to March 9,2007. Harvey was born and raised in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, as of 2013, he and his wife of 48 years, Mary, have two children and five grandchildren. He was involved in over 20 major defense programs across the spectrum from undersea to outer

Nelson M. Ford
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Nelson McCain Ford was United States Under Secretary of the Army from 2007 to 2009. Nelson M. Ford was educated at Duke University and the University of Delaware, in the 1970s, Ford was Executive Secretary of the Health Care Financing Administration and worked in the Office of Management and Budget on health care policy issues. He later joined Coop

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Nelson M. Ford

Pete Geren
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Preston Murdoch Geren, III, known as Pete Geren served as the 20th United States Secretary of the Army from July 16,2007 to September 16,2009. He is a Democratic former member of the United States House of Representatives from Texass 12th congressional district and he is currently president of the Sid W. Richardson Foundation in Fort Worth. Geren w

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Pete Geren

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Geren awarding the Distinguished Service Cross to 1LT Jackson.

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Geren at a press conference in 2007.

Mary Sally Matiella
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Mary Sally Matiella was a United States Assistant Secretary of the Army, holding office from February 16,2010 until February 27,2014, when she resigned. She was succeeded by Mr. Robert M. Speer, mary Sally Matiella was educated at the University of Arizona, receiving a B. A. in 1973 and an M. B. A. in 1976. In 1980, Matiella began a career as a civ

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United States Under Secretary of the Army Joseph W. Westphal swears in Matiella as Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller) on February 16, 2010.

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Mary Sally Matiella

Barack Obama
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Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. He is the first African American to have served as president and he previously served in the U. S. Senate representing Illinois from 2005 to 2008, and in the Illinois State Senate from 1997 to 2004. Obama was born in Honolulu,

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Obama and others celebrate the naming of a street in Chicago after ShoreBank co-founder Milton Davis in 1998

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Obama in his official portrait as a member of the United States Senate

John M. McHugh
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In June 2009, President Barack Obama nominated McHugh to the position of United States Secretary of the Army. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate and he took office on September 21,2009, in July 2015, McHugh announced his intent to resign by November 2015. He retired on November 1,2015 after more than six years of service, on S