However, no existing applica-ble technologies are availablefor diesel engines. There aresome conventional dieseldual fuel (DDF) technologies,but the replacement ratio ofnatural gas of these technologies is lower than 50% of diesel fuel and they faceissues of engine efficiency and exhaust emissions.

PTT DIESEL CNG has three components to convert OEM diesel engines to
DDF: The DIESEL CNG ECU controller, the connection box and the harness.

◗ PTT Public Co. Ltd., www.pttplc.com/en/

No Overcharging Here

Lithium-ion batteries are a widely
adopted power source for electric
vehicles (EV). While having many
advantages, the issue of safety continues to plague this technology, particularly of the battery’s inherent flammability, which can be exacerbated by
overcharging during use.

Methods for overcharge protection
have been sought for decades, using
cell chemistry instead of electronics. The goal has been to develop a
substance that dissolves in the electrolyte of a Li-ion cell, remains inert during
normal operation, becomes activated as overcharging begins and curtails the
overcharging process by removing excess charges as they arrive at the cathode.
Efforts at devising such a material that satisfies the requirements for use in practical Li-ion battery cells designed to power electric vehicles have met with limited
success, until Argonne National Laboratory’s breakthrough in synthesizing
1,3-di-tert-butyl- 2,4-bis(methoxyethoxy)benzene—ANL-RS2.

Thorough testing by A123 Systems LLC has shown that ANL-RS2 Advanced
Redox Shuttle Additive is a highly reliable and high-performance electrolyte
additive for EV battery cells using LiFePO4 as the cathode material. When dissolved in the electrolyte of a LiFePO4-based Li-ion battery cell, ANL-RS2 remains
inert until the potential of the cell increases from 3. 6 to 3. 9 V during an overcharging event. At that point, ANL-RS2 becomes activated and is able to accept
excess charges from the cathode and transport them to the anode, thereby accomplishing efficient overcharge protection by providing an internal electrical path
for the excess charges arriving at the cathode.

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