The goal of Cityscape is to bring high-quality original research on housing and community development issues to scholars, government officials, and practitioners. Cityscape is open to all relevant disciplines, including architecture, consumer research, demography, economics, engineering, ethnography, finance, geography, law, planning, political science, public policy, regional science, sociology, statistics, and urban studies.

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The 2000 Housing Discrimination Study (HDS2000) documented substantial declines in
discrimination between HDS1989 and HDS2000, and the most recent study (HDS2012)
tends to mirror HDS2000 in its findings. The results of HDS2000 led to considerable
debate about whether paired-testing studies of the type conducted in HDS2000 understate
the extent of housing discrimination. Using data from HDS2012 and earlier evidence, this
article considers three of the significant concerns raised regarding paired-testing studies of
housing discrimination: (1) exclusion of minority homeseekers during the process of setting
up appointments, (2) the net measure of adverse treatment understating discrimination
because some housing units are systematically not shown to White testers, and (3) the use
of metropolitanwide advertisements that may systematically underrepresent neighborhoods
where discrimination is higher. HDS2012 directly addresses the first concern, finding at most
very low levels of discrimination in obtaining an appointment over the phone. The evidence
for the second concern is mixed. Steering persisted against both Black and Asian homeseekers
in owner-occupied housing. On the other hand, the levels of equal treatment in HDS2012 in
terms of basic access were quite high, leaving little room for the systematic exclusion of White
homeseekers from specific housing units. Further, three-person tests in HDS2000 involving
same-race pairs did not suggest that the net measure was biased. To partially address the third
concern, this article conducts a new empirical analysis in which we measure the availability of
rental and owner-occupied housing in each broad neighborhood represented in HDS2012 and
reweight the tests to represent the spatial availability of housing across each metropolitan site.
Although the reweighting substantially changed the weights on individual tests, the average
attributes of the neighborhoods represented by those tests experienced only modest changes
from reweighting, and the estimated measures of adverse treatment were unchanged.