According to the EIU report, sponsored by Swiss Re, the renewable energy sector faces an uncertain future due to increasing operational risks, and government funding cuts in the current economic environment.

Cuts in government expenditures for the sector call into question the sustainability of public financial support for renewable energy developments, especially in Europe. Here, cuts in solar feed-in tariffs range from 15% in Germany to 70% in the UK.

Investors in renewable energy worry that some of the other 100 or so governments supporting clean-energy investments will cut this support as part of austerity measures, the report suggests.

"Additional investments into renewable energy are needed to achieve the transition to a low-carbon economy," said Agostino Galvagni, chief executive officer at Swiss Re Corporate Solutions. "Risk management measures such as insurance will be key to encourage further private sector investment."

A major issue in renewable energy projects is their costliness in the early stages. The projects are often capital-intensive and highly leveraged, with up to 70-80% financed through debt. As companies seek to scale up investments, overcoming financial risks is one of the biggest challenges, according to 76% of the survey respondents. Beyond financial risk, a significant concern for plant investors, owners and operators is political and regulatory risk (62%) while weather-related volume risk comes in third for wind power producers (66%). These risks increase further as projects grow in scale and complexity.

Despite this, only 50% of respondents said they are successful at transferring risks, for example through insurance. Many retain the risks related to renewable energy assets on their balance sheets - for instance weather-related volume risk - due to the limited availability of suitable risk transfer mechanisms.

"New technologies and innovation in renewable energy will be the only possibilities left should a global policy regime to reduce carbon emission not materialise," says Andreas Spiegel, Swiss Re's Senior Climate Change Adviser. "This is why Swiss Re is investing a great deal of research to better understand how insurance can mobilise financing for renewable energy projects and identify the most cost-effective ways to reduce risks, such as construction and operational risks as well as risks related to the intermittent nature of renewable energy production."

60% of respondents said they already use insurance to transfer risks. As the demand for insurance grows, new products, including alternative risk transfer solutions, are starting to appear on the market. The use of solutions such as weather-based financial derivatives is slowly picking up, but still only 4% of wind power producers apply them to their projects.

Many solutions on the market today are unsuitable for small-scale projects. Executives say they would transfer more risk if suitable risk transfer products become more widely available in the future, particularly more standardised and cost-effective products.