- Portland, Ore. had the biggest increase in value among the largest housing markets, growing 13.4 percent in 2016.

SEATTLE, Dec. 30, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- The total value of the U.S. housing stock grew to a record-high $29.6 trillion in 2016, according to a new Zillow® analysis. The housing market saw a strong year of appreciation, growing 5.7 percent in value, or $1.6 trillion.

The U.S. housing market has regained all the value lost during the housing crisis. The cumulative value of all homes in the U.S. declined by $6.4 trillion between 2006 and 2012 as the housing market collapsed.

A home is typically the biggest part of an individual or family's wealth, and the cumulative value of the U.S. residential housing stock is similarly significant to the national economy. The U.S. GDP is an estimated $18.7 trillioni, nearly $10 trillion less than the value of all homes in the country.

Los Angeles and New York metros hold the highest shares of the country's overall housing value, at 8.6 percent and 8 percent, respectively. The next most valuable metro is San Francisco, worth 4.2 percent of the overall housing value.

While several markets are now more valuable than they were at the height of the housing bubble, about 60 percent of the markets in the U.S. are still below the maximum values reached during the bubble years. For example, Chicago is still about $134 billion below the highest value it reached in 2006.

"Housing is incredibly important to us personally and to the economy as a whole," said Zillow Chief Economist Dr. Svenja Gudell. "The U.S. housing stock is worth more than ever, which is a sign of the ongoing housing recovery. As buying a home gets more expensive, affordability remains a concern for many, and these numbers highlight just how much people are spending on housing. The total value of the housing stock grew nearly 6 percent this year, a pace that will likely mean some American families are priced out of homeownership."

Renters this year paid $478.5 billionii, a $17.7 billion increase from 2015. About 635,000 new renter households formed in 2016, contributing to the amount of rent spent even as rent appreciation slowed. Apartment renters spent nearly $50 billion more than renters of single-family homes, as more multifamily construction became available this year.

Renters in the New York/Northern New Jersey metro paid the most this year, spending nearly $55 billion on rent.

Metropolitan Area

Total Home Value, Year-End 2016

Total Rent Paid, Year-End 2016

United States

$29.6 trillion

$478.5 billion

New York/Northern New Jersey

$2.4 trillion

$54.6 billion

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA

$2.5 trillion

$38.6 billion

Chicago, IL

$772.7 billion

$14.9 billion

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX

$456.9 billion

$11.1 billion

Philadelphia, PA

$589.2 billion

$8.5 billion

Houston, TX

$373.2 billion

$10.5 billion

Washington, DC

$975.1 billion

$14.4 billion

Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL

$818.8 billion

$12.3 billion

Atlanta, GA

$413.6 billion

$8.4 billion

Boston, MA

$672.7 billion

$10.3 billion

San Francisco, CA

$1.3 trillion

$15.8 billion

Detroit, MI

$288.7 billion

$4.9 billion

Riverside, CA

$440 billion

$7.2 billion

Phoenix, AZ

$441.5 billion

$7.1 billion

Seattle, WA

$571.4 billion

$8.8 billion

Minneapolis-St Paul, MN

$332.5 billion

$5.1 billion

San Diego, CA

$596 billion

$9.6 billion

St. Louis, MO

$192 billion

$3 billion

Tampa, FL

$254.7 billion

$5 billion

Baltimore, MD

$287.9 billion

$4.3 billion

Denver, CO

$377.5 billion

$5.8 billion

Pittsburgh, PA

$148 billion

$2.3 billion

Portland, OR

$286.6 billion

$4.5 billion

Charlotte, NC

$186.1 billion

$3.2 billion

Sacramento, CA

$269.4 billion

$4.4 billion

San Antonio, TX

$116.4 billion

$3 billion

Orlando, FL

$187.5 billion

$3.8 billion

Cincinnati, OH

$128.6 billion

$2.4 billion

Cleveland, OH

$116.8 billion

$2.3 billion

Kansas City, MO

$129.7 billion

$2.7 billion

Las Vegas, NV

$175.9 billion

$4 billion

Columbus, OH

$132.9 billion

$2.7 billion

Indianapolis, IN

$111.7 billion

$2.4 billion

San Jose, CA

$636.2 billion

$6.3 billion

Austin, TX

$161.4 billion

N/A

Zillow

Zillow® is the leading real estate and rental marketplace dedicated to empowering consumers with data, inspiration and knowledge around the place they call home, and connecting them with the best local professionals who can help. In addition, Zillow operates an industry-leading economics and analytics bureau led by Zillow's Chief Economist Dr. Svenja Gudell. Dr. Gudell and her team of economists and data analysts produce extensive housing data and research covering more than 450 markets at Zillow Real Estate Research. Zillow also sponsors the quarterly Zillow Home Price Expectations Survey, which asks more than 100 leading economists, real estate experts and investment and market strategists to predict the path of the Zillow Home Value Index over the next five years. Zillow also sponsors the bi-annual Zillow Housing Confidence Index (ZHCI) which measures consumer confidence in local housing markets, both currently and over time. Launched in 2006, Zillow is owned and operated by Zillow Group (NASDAQ:Z and ZG), and headquartered in Seattle.

Zillow is a registered trademark of Zillow, Inc.

ihttps://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/gdp/2016/pdf/gdp3q16_3rd.pdfii To calculate the total rent paid, we estimated the number of renter households in each metro area based on the U.S. Census Bureau's 2005 through 2015 American Community Surveys (ACS), and households counts and metro-level homeownership rates from the Current Population Survey/Housing Vacancy Survey (CPS/HVS). ACS microdata files were downloaded from the University of Minnesota, IPUMS-USA. We then summed the monthly Zillow Rental Indexes (ZRI) for each year, including a forecast for November and December 2016 ZRI. (Actual November December 2016 data were unavailable at the time of the analysis). Finally, we took the product of the estimated number of renter households and the summed ZRIs for each metro, and scaled the results by a rental stock adjustment factor, which controls for differences in the footprint of the rental stock and the total housing stock. The rental stock adjustment factor was derived from the historical and recent relationship between ZRI and monthly contract rents reported in the 2015 ACS for each geography. Either the most recent year's adjustment factor or the historical average adjustment factor was applied to 2016 data depending on the model cross sectional performance.