Myo Electric Prosthetic Limb

Arbab Shahid,Abdul Mannan ,Ali Zahab, HamzaAzam,Umar Shahbaz &Javeid Iqbal National University of Science & Technogy (NUST) College of E&ME. Rawalpini Pakistan Abstract: Prosthesis is an synthetic device that substitutes a missing body part. When a limb has been amputated, the motor and sensory nerves that used to serve it are still purposeful up to the point of amputation. If an interface can be made between these nerves and man-made electrical components, then the control signals that come from the brain to the limb could be used to control a mechanical auxiliary for the missing limb. The process uses active electrodes to get the signal from the muscles. Active electrodes contain a high input impedance electronics amplifier in the same housing as the detection surfaces. The amplifier used processes it to be measured using a Pico scope and interfaced on the computer. The voltage signal would be amplified and handled by the help of ADS-1298. This IC is fundamentally an ADC (24-bit) that processes the signal. The signal output from the ADC is then used to drive the motor.

Key words: EMG (Electro MYO Graph)

Introduction

Prosthesis is an emerging field of bio-mechatronics which replaces the missing body part, lost during trauma or accident, using an artificial limb. It uses either the muscles or movement of the body parts to drive or assist motor control [1]. The key purpose of a prosthetic limb is to mimic the appearance and to replace the functionality of the missing hand. The beauty of the project is in creating a balance in managing the cosmetic appearance and functionality of the arm. As such, there is a wide spectrum of specialized prosthetics that range from the purely cosmetic (which are inert) to the primarily functional (whose appearance is obviously mechanical). The MYO Electric prosthetic limb is the technology which practically blends both the requirements of the prosthesis. It does not compromise any of the requirements and is the future of the prosthesis [1]. There are two main camps in the prosthesis functionality. The first one is body powered which uses the movement of the Arm or shoulder using a cable or harness to drive the artificial prosthesis. It has got only one advantage over the MYO ELECTRIC limb that is low cost and easy mechanical design. This has been established studying the previous designs and work done by the students previously working on the project in the department. The MYO electric limb uses EMG sensors along with an electrical system for control to drive the motor and a battery to power the limb. This avoids the physical exhaustion that the patient goes through in the mechanical arm. Even after the arm has been amputated, the nerves in the muscles are either fully functional or partially functional and if an interface can be achieved using an EMG electrode the signals from the brain can be used to control the motor driving the artificial limb. The user can even control the strength and speed of the limb’s movements and grip by varying his or her muscle intensity. A proper threshold can be attained using some training and rehearsal. Moreover, the acute sensors and motorized controls enable greater dexterity. The main advantage of this limb is that it functions almost exactly as the real limb using stimulus from the brain and does not require any straps or wires to function [2]. The working of MYO Electric Prosthesis is simple: once it is attached, the prosthetic uses electronic sensors to detect minute muscle, nerve, and EMG activity. It then translates this muscle activity (as triggered by the user) into information that its electric motors use to control the artificial limb’s movements. Signal acquisition, one of the main aspects of this limb, is done using surface mounted EMG electrodes. The functionality and usage of these sensors is very simple: it captures electrical signals generated in the nerves using surface...

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

...﻿
ProstheticLimbs, The Past, The Present, The Future
Prostheticlimbs have been used for centuries. The long and winding road to the computerized leg began about 1500 B.C. and has been evolving ever since. There have been many refinements to the first peg legs and hand hooks that have led to the highly individualized fitting and casting of today's devices. But to appreciate how far the prosthetics field has come, we must first look to the ancient Egyptians. The first prostheticlimbs are believed to be pioneered by the Egyptian Empire during 4000 B.C. Their rudimentary, prostheticlimbs were made of fiber and it is believed that they were worn more for a sense of “wholeness” than function. However, scientists recently discovered what is said to be the world's first prosthetic toe from an Egyptian mummy and it appears to have been functional. In the past materials such as steel, iron, bronze, and copper were all sued to replace limbs. Throughout history as bronze, iron, copper and steel were discovered they were correspondingly used to make limbs.
The evolution of prosthetics is a long and storied history, from its primitive beginnings to its sophisticated present, to the exciting visions of the future. As in the development of any other field, some ideas and inventions have...

...Andrew Lustig
Professor Mallard
ECE 101
24 October 2012
Can Anybody Lend A Hand?
Prostheticlimbs all started with a very simple problem. Do you just give up hope when you lose an arm or a leg, or is there some other way to make the best of a situation? Hope was not given up by us persistent human beings and that is how artificial limbs were thought of. Instead trying to get around, we thought of artificial legs to help those who have lost them. Instead of only having one arm, we thought of artificial arms to be able to have two again. Prosthesis not only brought hope to those who were seriously injured and lost their limbs, but it helped these people bring their lives back to as normal as it could be. Of course prosthesis did not start off as being perfect and high tech, but they slowly progressed throughout thousands of years to the technology we have today, as well as the ideas we have for the future.
Artificial limbs date back all the way to the times of the ancient Egyptians. These were very basic prosthetics and were made from the materials they had readily available such as wood, iron or leather. Alan J. Thurston discusses the early Egyptian prosthetic,
“One of the earliest examples comes from the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt in the reign of Amenhotep II in the fifteenth century BC when members of an Egyptian–German mission working in the Sheikh Abdel-Gurna...

...Many types of prosthetic hand designs have limited usability but technology and its advancement has made functions like being able to grip and hold possible. A lot of daily functions like being able to hold pens, cups, and moving in the same manner a human hand would have been able to be recreated with prosthetics. With the different prosthetics and materials available, people are able to adapt to their lives much more easily.
There are few types of solutions for prosthetics, one of which being a simple artificial hand called static prostheses, which has been around for years. This prosthetic cannot be controlled by any user, and is most likely to have no function. Its purpose is to help with the overall appearance of a person and help build their self-confidence. There are static prosthetics that when made, can hook up to a person's shoulder and allows the person to at least be able to grasp certain objects. The design is very simple, but they have close to no functionality at all. People may choose to opt for a better prosthetic type if it is within their budget because without good hand-eye coordination, they seem to just get in the way.
A passive prosthetics is realistic in how they look and they are somewhat functional. They are made when a person is feeling unsure about their appearance and the weight of the prosthetic. They are made from a...

...Cogburn
English IV, 6
May 15, 2012
Prosthetics: A New Hope
How would you feel if you lost a limb and were given the chance to receive a similar limb back? I researched prostheticlimbs for their profound nature and their interesting uses in improving lives that have been dramatically altered. People who are in need of prostheticslimbs today should feel grateful of the technology provided for them. Long ago compared to modern day, prostheticslimbs were made out of wooden pegs to hop on. Today, the artificial limbs look similar to something coming off a robot. Prosthetics has a rich history of ups and downs, it started in about 500 B.C., this ignited to change lives by giving people the ability to do thing they couldn't before.
Prosthetics are a growing part of todays technology. “An artificial substitute for a missing part,” (“Prosthetics”) of the body can be used for cosmetic or functional reasons. Artificial limbs can help someone who is unable to accomplish everyday tasks like a normal human being would be able to do. This is why prostheticlimbs are a growing part of todays technology, and it will continue to increase in society as a whole.
The history of prosthetics dates as far back to 500 B.C by a Greek historian...

...Group C: Maciej Kepinski, Aaron Grote, Michael Kacanowski, Kendra Williams,
Kim Spencer, and Christine Lyu
FINAL: Technology related to Prosthetics
Team Assignment
Team Leader: Christine Lyu
DeVry University
Introduction
An analysis was done on how technology affects prosthetic use and its challenges across the globe. In this paper, we begin to look at description of the technology, the historical development and context of the technology, political and legal influences, economic questions and considerations, psychological considerations and sociological effects, and moral and ethical implications. Many people who have a need for prosthetic use have a challenge to adjust or even obtaining prosthetics. Prosthetics technology has improved very much and now we have a challenge and social responsibility on how to accept these new technology with our ongoing society. The life of a prosthetic user is to receive one if economically feasible, to adjust to the social and lifestyle adjustments and to properly educate the industry of moral and ethical implications of using prosthetics. Prosthetist, and Orthotist should have an yearly education on the ongoing and fast approaching technology with the use of prosthetics and how to deal with life challenging use of prosthetics. The users should go through the education process with their own...

... Prosthetic devices simulating limbs attached to a person’s body date back to thousands of years ago. Obviously, you will never be able to compare the efficiency a limb that was created two thousand years ago with a modern, present-day limb. Anyways, the purpose of a prosthetic device being attached to your body is to replace a limb of your body. Most of the times, these limbs were cut, injured, or amputated. Even though the prosthetic device would only work as a small support, scientists today are working harder and harder to develop a prosthetic device that is able to perform the same functions as the natural limb. As a matter of fact, artificial limbs are very advanced today both in the way they look and the functions they perform.
There is controversy to which was the first prosthesis made in the history of humans. Myths recall old warriors who lost a limb during battle. After replacing their lost limb with an artificial one, the warriors went back to war. These myths portrayed the warriors as heroes who never gave up. Going back to war with a limb that doesn’t have any movement probably requires some guts! Indeed all these myths, the idea of prostheses has been around for a long time now.
The late 1500s was the time when the idea of amputation and artificial prostheses...

...Jose Armenta
Professor Threat
MGMT 330
September 5, 2013
War’s Impact On The Prosthetic Industry
The nation's military hospitals are experiencing a surge of patients returning home from service in Iraq and Afghanistan in need of prosthetics. As of January 2012, more than 1,400 service members required major limb amputations due to wounds sustained in combat. Nearly one in four service members incurred the loss of multiple limbs. The increase in on-the-ground operations and exposure to IEDs has resulted in an increase in the number of bilateral amputations. The connection between armed conflict and major advances in medical device engineering is hardly new. The medical and prosthetic industry is no different then any other in that it is susceptible to its external environment. Today's situation recalls trends of 153 years ago, when the brutality of the civil war conflict spawned a revolution in the design and mass production of artificial limbs. Recognizing the alarming number of amputations resulting from combat, the U.S. government unveiled the "Great Civil War Benefaction," a commitment to provide prosthetics to all disabled veterans. With the lure of government support, entrepreneurs began competing for a share of the growing prosthetics market, fast forward till today and the U.S. government has investing over $30 million in the research directed at...

...it is extremely sustainable in saving electricity and also producing a lot less Carbon dioxide into our atmosphere.
In conclusion I think that the Robomaid RM-770 is a advancement in human technology to help everyday families for easier cleaning and live more of a relaxed and comfortable life, with advanced technology programmed into the robot it is a high powered cleaning robot but also at the same time saves 3 times more electricity and produces 20 times less carbon dioxide into our atmosphere.
Bibliography
Robomaid Australia: frequently asked questions, 2010, viewed 7th August 2013
http://www.robomaid.com.au/faq/
Neto Robotics: Robomaid 770, 2013, Viewed 8th August 2013
http://www.neatorobotics.com/the-lab/
Electrics: Robomaid 770 robot, 2008, viewed 8th August 2013
http://www.myshopping.com.au/PR--380143_Robomaid_RM_770_Robot_Vacuum_Cleaner
Google image: Robomail 770, 2007, viewed 8th August 2013
http://www.google.com.au/imgres?q=Robomaid+RM-770&um=1&safe=active&sa=N&biw=1366&bih=587&hl=en&tbm=isch&tbnid=3QHC568yciHD9M:&imgrefurl=http://www.robomaid.com.au/&docid=BMN6Fm4VfU5sjM&imgurl=http://www.robomaid.com.au/templates/__custom/images/roboImg/surfaces.jpg&w=293&h=182&ei=PWEAUtKIEc6ukgXp44CIDw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=1085&vpy=300&dur=343&hovh=145&hovw=234&tx=193&ty=52&page=4&tbnh=145&tbnw=234&start=91&ndsp=9&ved=1t:429,r:99,s:0,i:382...