3.2 Propose structures for simple molecules that contain the following functional groups:

Solutions: (a). H 3C
CH3

OH

(b).

O(c). H3C (d). H 3C (e). (f). 3.3 Identify the functional groups in the following model of arecoline, a veterinary drug used to control worms in animals. Convert the drawing into a line-bond structure and a molecular formula.

3.8 Identify the carbon atoms in the following molecules as primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary: Solution: (a) 1

CH3 H3C
1

C H
3

H2 C
2

H2 C
2

1

CH3

(b)
3 1

H3C H3C
1

H C C H
3

1

CH3 H2 C
2

H2 C
2

CH3
1

(c)

1

1

CH3 H3C
1

CH3 H2 C
2

C H
3

C
4

CH3
1

CH3
1

3.9 Identify the hydrogen atoms on the compounds shown in Problem 3.8 as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Solution: The hydrogen in red is primary hydrogens; in blue is secondary hydrogens; in green is tertiary hydorgens (a) (b) CH3

CH3CHCH2 CH2 CH3 H3CCHCH3

CH3CH2CHCH2CH3

(c)

CH3

CH3

CH3CHCH2CCH3
CH3

3.10 Draw structures of alkanes that meet the following descriptions: (a) An alkane with two tertiary carbons (b) An alkane that contains an isopropyl group (c) an alkane that has one quaternary and one secondary carbon CH3 3 CH Solution: (a) CH3CHCHCH3

YOU MAY ALSO FIND THESE DOCUMENTS HELPFUL

...Experiment #2: Stereochemistry of Alkenes and Molecular Modeling
By: Nouhad Mokdad
Section: 53
TA’s: Sheida and Ryan Mills
Lab Partner: David Wilson
Date of Experiment: October 7th, 2008
Purpose:
The purpose is to study the difference between the stereochemistry of the two isomers, maleic and fumaric acid. The first part of the experiment called for the conversion of maleic acid into fumaric acid with the addition of a proton using the acid-catalyzed isomerisation, vacuum filtration, and reflux processes. The second part of the experiment was intended for using the molecular modelling kits as a way to visualize the differences between such isomers.
Discussion:
Organiccompounds and their three-dimensional shapes can be represented through diagrams. Two particular methods of illustrations are the sawhorse representation and the Newman projection. An example of both these methods is seen in figure 1. (1)
|
| |
Sawhorse
projection | Newman
projectionFig. 1 |
The sawhorse representation examines a carbon-carbon bond from a certain angle, so that one is able to visualize the molecule as a whole. The bonds in the plane of the main chain are demonstrated by solid lines, bonds away from the viewer are represented by hatched lines, and bonds coming straight towards the viewer are drawn as solid wedges. The Newman projection views the carbon-carbon bond from front to back; the front carbon...

...Maria Charles
Bio Lab 110
June 17, 2013
Lab Report: OrganicCompoundOrganiccompound contains carbon, and is used to be thought that only living things could synthesize the complicated carbon compounds found in cells. It can be created by non- organic means. The organiccompounds give protoplasm its characteristic nature; these compounds fall into four categories; protein (enzyme, catalyzes reactions, and structure), lipids (fat in cell membrane, storage of energy insulation), and carbohydrate (produces energy). Carbohydrates may exist as small as single independent units or building blocks called monomers. Carbohydrates monomers are called monosaccharides (ex; fructose, and galactose). Carbohydrates with two monomers linked together are called disaccharides (ex; maltose, sucrose, and lactose). Polysaccharides are composed of many glucose monomers (ex; starch, glycogen and cellules).
Monosaccharides
When testing the five different solutions for the presence of reducing sugars using the Benedicts reagent the first step is to place water filled by a large beaker half full on a hot plate and heat the water as you prepare the rest of the experiment. Next, using a small rules, mark six test tubes (at 1 cm and 3 cm levels) and label the test tubes 1-6. Fill test tube 1 up to the 1cm mark with distilled water only. Add onion solution to test...

...Organiccompound
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Methane is one of the simplest organic compoundsAn organiccompound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon such as diamond and graphite, are considered inorganic. The distinction between "organic" and "inorganic" carbon compounds, while "useful in organizing the vast subject of chemistry... is somewhat arbitrary".[1]
Organic chemistry is the science concerned with all aspects of organiccompounds. Organic synthesis is the methodology of their preparation.
Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Vitalism
1.2 Modern classification
2 Classification
2.1 Natural compounds
2.2 Synthetic compounds
3 Nomenclature
4 Databases
5 Structure determination
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
[edit] History
[edit] Vitalism
The name "organic" is historical, dating back to the 1st century.[citation needed] For many centuries, Western alchemists believed in vitalism. This is the theory that certain compounds could...

...﻿
Everyday OrganicCompounds Laboratory Report
INTRODUCTION: To investigate household products made from organiccompounds. The IV in this experiment was the household products because I am constantly changing them. The DV would be if it is soluble or not because that is what I am measuring. The control variable would be, the liquid because if I were to change water to another liquid then the data would no longer be correct. The techniques that I used was measuring each product and liquid to be the same amount so that my data was correct, by measuring in a measuring cup each liquid and each product at half a cup each. In my lab I used olive oil, nail polish remover, vinegar, and sugar as my house hold products and mixed each one with a liquid, which I used water for my experiment in order to see which products were soluble or not.
HYPOTHESIS: I predicted in my experiment that olive oil and water will not be soluble, but every other household product that I chose will be soluble. I believe this because, oil is made up of non-polar molecules, and water is made up of polar molecules making their chemical compositions not alike. As well as, oil is made of long non-polar hydrocarbons as it experiences weaker forces of attraction, while water has one positive and one negative charged end.
MATERIALS:
1. Olive oil
2. Vinegar
3. Nail polish remover
4. Sugar
5. Clear glass bowl
6....

...OrganicCompounds
Marilena Tagritzis
11-A
Mr. Daniel Chemistry
May 10, 2011
OrganicCompounds
An organiccompound belongs to gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. Some types of carbon that contain compounds such as carbides, carbonates, and oxides of carbon and cyanides are sometimes classified as inorganic. AllotropesHYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_carbon" of carbon such as diamond and graphite may also be classified as inorganic. The difference between "organic" and "inorganic" carbon compounds, even though they are useful in organizing the area of chemistry it somewhat doesn’t make sense. Organic chemistry is the science that deals with all aspects of organiccompounds. Organic synthesis is the procedure of their preparation.
The present meaning of organiccompound contains a significant amount of carbon even though many of the "organiccompounds" today have no association with any substance found in living organisms. There is no official meaning of an organiccompound. Some books and others define an organiccompound as something that contains one or more C-H bonds; others include C-C bonds...

...Analysis of Oxygen-bearing OrganicCompounds
Marie Loriele C. Achas, Marianne Angelica C. Alvarez *, Keithy Angela O. Bangot, Kate P. Bayani
Department of Biology, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
Abstract
The experiment dealt with differentiating the various types of oxygen-bearing organiccompounds through several tests, namely Dichromate Test, Tollen’s Test, DNPH Test, Iodoform Test, and Lucas Test. It was through the use of different reagents and techniques that the characteristics of each standard compounds were observed and distinguished. After the reactions have been noted, it was compared to the reactions with that of the unknown.
Introduction
The Analysis of Oxygen-bearing OrganicCompounds was used to identify the kind of alcohol, whether primary, secondary, or tertiary, or functional group present in the mixture. This experiment focused on distinguishing the several kinds of functional groups from each other. Standard compounds were used to identify the characteristics of each group present. The following reagents were used as standards:
Primary Alcohol:
Figure 1
Primary (1º) alcohol (Figure 1) has a characteristic where a carbon atom with the hydroxyl group has at least two hydrogens and any organic group (represented as R) attached on it. The Carbon atom and R form an alkyl group.
Secondary Alcohol:...

...﻿Physical properties of organiccompound
Low boiling point group: alkane, alkene, alkyne and ether
Boiling point is the exact temperature that the state of compound change from liquid to gas, which need to break the intermolecular forces. The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the boiling point. Since straight chain alkane, alkene and alkyne only experience dispersion forces, thecompound with more carbons have higher boiling point as more carbons contribute more forces. Branched chain alkanes have lower boiling point than the straight chain alkanes because the branched alkane have a shorter chain length, which makes it pack not as close as straight alkane.
For ether, it has one oxygen; there are polar bonds. However, since the functional group is R-O-R’,for oxygen the VSEPER shape is linear so that the polarity canceled out. The compound is still non-polar, and there is only dispersion force. Ether has higher boiling point than alkane, alkene and alkyne because oxygen has higher electron negativity.
Cis and Trans: cis usually have higher boiling point because the side chain may have dipole (polar bond) which makes the molecule experience dipole-dipole forces; Trans also have polar bond, but due to its structure, the polarity may canceled out.
Alkane<alkene<alkyne<ether...