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This randomized phase III trial studies how well crizotinib works in treating patients with stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer that has been removed by surgery and has a mutation in a protein called anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Mutations, or changes, in ALK can make it very active and important for tumor cell growth and progression. Crizotinib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking the ALK protein from working. Crizotinib may be an effective treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer and an ALK fusion mutation.

Overall survival (OS) [ Time Frame: The time from randomization to death from any cause, assessed up to 10 years ]

Distribution will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards models will be used to estimate the treatment hazard ratios. The primary comparison will use a logrank test stratified on the randomization stratification factors with a one-sided type I error rate of 5%. Other comparisons of groups will be made using the logrank test and Cox modeling. Estimate will be accompanied by the corresponding 90% confidence intervals.

Secondary Outcome Measures :

Disease free survival (DFS) [ Time Frame: The time from randomization to the earliest event defined as: disease recurrence confirmed by biopsy, any new lung cancer (even in the opposite lung) confirmed by biopsy, or death from any cause at any known point in time, assessed up to 10 years ]

Distribution will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards models will be used to estimate the treatment hazard ratios. Estimate will be accompanied by the corresponding 90% confidence intervals.

Toxicity rates, determined using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0 [ Time Frame: Up to 10 years ]

Toxicity rates will be compared using Fisher?s exact tests with a one-sided type I error rate of 5%; multivariable logistic regression modeling will be used to adjust for the effect of any covariates that are associated with these categorical outcomes.

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Layout table for eligibility information

Ages Eligible for Study:

18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients must have undergone complete surgical resection of their stage IB (>= 4 cm), II, or non-squamous IIIA NSCLC per American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th edition and have had negative margins; N3 disease is not allowed

Baseline chest computed tomography (CT) with or without contrast must be performed within 6 months (180 days) prior to randomization to ensure no evidence of disease; if clinically indicated additional imaging studies must be performed to rule out metastatic disease

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1

Patients must be registered to the ALCHEMIST-SCREEN (ALLIANCE A151216) trial prior to randomization

Positive for translocation or inversion events involving the ALK gene locus (e.g. resulting in echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 [EML4]-ALK fusion) as determined by the Vysis Break Point fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay and defined by an increase in the distance between 5? and 3? ALK probes or the loss of the 5? probe; this must have been performed:

By a local Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certified laboratory: report must indicate the results as well as the CLIA number of the laboratory which performed the assay; tissue must be available for submission for central, retrospective confirmation of the ALK fusion status via ALCHEMIST-SCREEN (ALLIANCE A151216) OR

Patient registered to and the ALK fusion status performed centrally on the ALCHEMIST-SCREEN (ALLIANCE A151216)

Women must not be pregnant or breast-feeding

All females of childbearing potential must have a blood or urine pregnancy test within 72 hours prior to randomization to rule out pregnancy; a female of childbearing potential is any woman, regardless of sexual orientation or whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: 1) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 2) has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)

Women of childbearing potential and sexually active males must be strongly advised to practice abstinence or use an accepted and effective method of contraception

Patients must have completed any prior adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy 2 or more weeks (6 or more weeks for mitomycin and nitrosoureas) prior to randomization and be adequately recovered at the time of randomization

NOTE: Patients taking low dose methotrexate for non-malignant conditions and other cytotoxic agents for non-malignant conditions are allowed to continue treatment while on study

NOTE: Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy for the resected lung cancer is not permitted

Prior to randomization patients with any non-hematologic toxicity from surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation must have recovered to grade =< 1 with the exception of alopecia and the criteria outlined

Patients must not have any history of locally advanced or metastatic cancer requiring systemic therapy within 5 years from randomization, with the exception of in-situ carcinomas and non-melanoma skin cancer; patients must have no previous primary lung cancer diagnosed concurrently or within the past 2 years

Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents while on study