Combinatorial knockdown of NF1 and C-RAF abrogates NF1-mediated resistance to B-RAF inhibition at the level of ERK phosphorylation. A375 cells were infected with NF1 shRNA and treated with either DMSO or PLX4720 for 16 h. Cell lysates were analyzed for the indicated proteins.

Raf265 inhibited the kinase activity of B-Raf but not of Raf-1 in Pkd2cKO cholangiocytes. Cells were treated for 30 min with different concentrations of Raf265. B-Raf and Raf-1 were immunoprecipated as described in the methods section and a kinase assay in vitro was performed using MEK as a substrate. The kinase activity of Raf was assessed by immunoblot analysis and quantified as optical density of pMEK with respect to untreated cells. In WT cholangiocytes (A) Raf265 inhibited both B-Raf and Raf-1 kinase activity. In Pkd2cKO cholangiocytes (B), Raf265 inhibited only B-Raf while a biphasic effect was found in Raf-1 with a significant increase at doses from 0.001 to 1 uM and a significant inhibition at 10 uM. Blots are representative of four different experiments. (*p<0.05 vs controls; **p<0.001 vs controls).

A375 cells were infected with the indicated shRNAs/ORFs. In parallel to the above, cells were also treated with 0.2 uM AZ628 for 16 h, cell lysates were analyzed by Western blotting for the indicated proteins.

Whole cell lysates from NRAS- or BRAF-mutant melanoma cells treated with encorafenib or/and binimetinib or DMSO as a control for 24 h were subjected to Western blot analysis to detect pERK, ERK and β-Actin. Experiment shown is a representative of three independent experiments.

(a) INA-6, MM.1S, KMS11 or U266 cells were treated for 24 h either with 50 μm of the pan-Raf inhibitor MLN-2480, or 20 μm (INA-6 and MM.1S) or 25 μm (KMS11 or U266) of the pan-Raf inhibitor LY3009120 before western analyses of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 activation with phosphorylation-specific antibodies.

Combinatorial knockdown of NF1 and C-RAF abrogates NF1-mediated resistance to B-RAF inhibition at the level of ERK phosphorylation. A375 cells were infected with NF1 shRNA and treated with either DMSO or PLX4720 for 16 h. Cell lysates were analyzed for the indicated proteins.

Raf265 inhibited the kinase activity of B-Raf but not of Raf-1 in Pkd2cKO cholangiocytes. Cells were treated for 30 min with different concentrations of Raf265. B-Raf and Raf-1 were immunoprecipated as described in the methods section and a kinase assay in vitro was performed using MEK as a substrate. The kinase activity of Raf was assessed by immunoblot analysis and quantified as optical density of pMEK with respect to untreated cells. In WT cholangiocytes (A) Raf265 inhibited both B-Raf and Raf-1 kinase activity. In Pkd2cKO cholangiocytes (B), Raf265 inhibited only B-Raf while a biphasic effect was found in Raf-1 with a significant increase at doses from 0.001 to 1 uM and a significant inhibition at 10 uM. Blots are representative of four different experiments. (*p<0.05 vs controls; **p<0.001 vs controls).

A375 cells were infected with the indicated shRNAs/ORFs. In parallel to the above, cells were also treated with 0.2 uM AZ628 for 16 h, cell lysates were analyzed by Western blotting for the indicated proteins.

Whole cell lysates from NRAS- or BRAF-mutant melanoma cells treated with encorafenib or/and binimetinib or DMSO as a control for 24 h were subjected to Western blot analysis to detect pERK, ERK and β-Actin. Experiment shown is a representative of three independent experiments.

(a) INA-6, MM.1S, KMS11 or U266 cells were treated for 24 h either with 50 μm of the pan-Raf inhibitor MLN-2480, or 20 μm (INA-6 and MM.1S) or 25 μm (KMS11 or U266) of the pan-Raf inhibitor LY3009120 before western analyses of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 activation with phosphorylation-specific antibodies.