Not quite sure I follow. What exactly "will stop working whenever [you] go beyond 1 or -1 on any axis"? How/where do you even go beyond 1 or -1? What do you mean by "absolute Value"? Input.GetAxis for Joysticks (per the docs) returns a smoothed value indicating current state. Input. Input.GetAxisRaw will return non-smoothed values.

Have you tried setting the position and rotation rather than calculating a translation (transform.position = joyTrans translateSpeed;transform.eulerAngles = joyRotate rotateSpeed;) to visualize how your axes are positioned? This should accomplish the same as your translation/rotation etc.

The docs say "Note also that the Input flags are not reset until "Update()", so its suggested you make all the Input Calls in the Update Loop." Perhaps because you put the call in Start(), it did not perform as you expected? ResetInputAxes will set the axes to 0 for one frame only and, with the code above, the object would translate to mimic the position of the joystick as the code would have it do normally as the delta from 0 to the current position will be the current position.