UN Independence of the Judiciary

“In addition to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the United Nations has set forth a set of standards known as the Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary. Adopted in 1985, the Principles envisage judges with full authority to act, free from pressures and threats, adequately paid and equipped to carry out their duties. Although this set of standards does not carry the force of law, it offers models for lawmakers everywhere, who are encouraged to write them into their national constitutions and to enact them into law. Many countries have formally adopted the Principles and report regularly to the United Nations on their progress and problems, sometimes seeking help with legal education or the monitoring of procedures.”