the Catholic Archbishop of Owerri, is one of Africaís
foremost theologians and scholars. Born on June 26, 1946
in Emekuku (near Owerri), and educated at St. Peter
Claver Seminary, Okpala (near Aba),
and Bigard Memorial Seminary, he was ordained a Roman Catholic priest on April 19, 1972. Obinna
graduated with First Class Honours in Divinity, from the Bigard Memorial Seminary, an affiliate of the Pontifical
Urban University, Rome. He left
for Rome for a Masters Degree in Theology, and then for the United States for another Masters in Religious Studies,
concentrating on Religion and Culture, and then a PhD in Education and Theology.

A former lecturer in the Religious Studies Department of the Alvan Ikoku College of Education, Owerri,
Archbishop Obinna is the current Chair of the Education Committee of the Catholic Bishopís Conference of Nigeria
(CBCN). He was ordained a Bishop on September 4, 1993,
and became the first Archbishop of the Catholic Archdiocese of Owerri when it was created in 1994.

In this interview with UGOCHUKWU EJINKEONYE, Archbishop Obinna canvasses
an attitudinal change, which he hopes will help steer Nigeria out of its present political, moral, and economic
descent, and reroute it to the path of progress and lasting development.

THE INTERVIEW

Q. Your Grace, do you
think we can in all honesty say that we have freedom of worship in Nigeria today?

A. Well, constitutionally there is freedom of worship. So, to some extent, it is possible to say:
yes,

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Nigerians worship as they choose. But we have had problems in certain parts of our country, where people were prevented
from worshipping, as they desire. There have been attempts to muzzle Christians in some parts of the country, and
that goes to show that the freedom of worship enshrined in the constitution is not given its full play. In the
more Christian-dominated areas, I believe that there is no prevention of anybody from being a Moslem, from worshipping
God. But in some areas of our country, there have been churches that were bulldozed, and land allocations have
been refused to Christian worshippers.

Given the pluralistic nature of our society, we cannot force everybody to become either
Christian or Moslem. So, what this calls for is openness of mind, accommodation and tolerance so that people are
free to worship as they wish. Of course, freedom of religion cannot be interpreted in an anti-human way. If a religion
teaches people to kill either members of the same religion or non-members, the laws of the land that forbids murder
must be respected. To kill in the name of God is outrageous murder; whether a person kills in the name of Christ
or in the name of Mohammed, or even in the name of the Pope, it must be clear that any killing of a human being
is outrageous in the sight of God. You cannot steal in the name of God or Allah. Our freedom of worship does not
give us the leeway to do what we like in the name of religion. Religion has to be practiced with responsibility.
It ought, also, to be accountable; in theory, it may claim to be peaceful, but in practice the record can be bloody
and terrible.

Q. What should be the relationship between religion and the state?

A. Religion, with its structures,

Archbishop AJV Obinna of Oweri during the interview

constitutes an institution in the society, the same way the state with its own structures constitutes another institution.
We have here two very important units with clearly defined roles. But since those who come into religion belong
to every strata of society, including the government, it is expected that they should let the moral principles
derived from their religion govern their attitude to work.

There is absolutely no need for the state and religion to merge. If the governor or
commissioner is a Christian or Moslem, heís not expected to turn his office into a mosque or church. The state
is a public apparatus. What one is expected to do is to infuse the passion for truth, justice and fair play imbibed
from oneís religion into governance. Whether he is at the Legislative or Executive arm of government, such a person
should ensure that what is legislated or executed are right and just. The same thing applies to those at the Judiciary.

But trouble ensues when a governor or president goes ahead to plant his or her religious
leader at the seat of power, and state apparatus suddenly assumes the nature of a religious system. Sometimes,
religion can be politicized and manipulated. And so you get palace clergymen who only pray according to the intentions
of the leader. And this may create incidences of conflict for the state and religion, especially in a situation
where a particular priest, pastor or bishop in a state may become too friendly with the governor or the president
as to now subject his religious work to government authority. One way or the other, the religious leader can capitulate,
become a tool and slave to government. But if the religious leader is the prophetic type, his calling will even
compel him to periodically critique the government so as to rouse the conscience of public officers to the expectation
of the people towards them.

What is required is for religion and the state to complement each other.We need religious people to pray and maintain
the banner of righteousness. We also need the government to use the resources of the nation in an upstanding way.
So, if God is the owner of both religion and government, He would expect that uprightness should reign in both
very vital segments of the society.

Q. In his widely quoted pre-conclave homily, the head of the Roman Catholic Church,
Pope Benedict VXI (then Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger), came down hard on what he called the ďdictatorship of relativism.Ē
Were you worried by the harsh reactions of the Western press to that sermon?

A. No, I wasnít surprised at all, because Iím very familiar with the Western world, having lived in
Europe and America. I have also studied Western culture to
the point of exhaustion. There are two sides to Western culture. One is underscored by the Greek world of rationalism,
of reason, which in its more refined dimension has ended up as naturalism and materialism that excludes the spiritual
element in the long run.

But there is also the other side of Western culture; built up from the religious side,
particularly from Israel -- Moses to Christ-- down to the apostles that gave birth to Christianity. So, in the
Western world, we have these two forces; the religious force on the one hand, and the naturalist and rational forces
on the other hand. Those who have immersed themselves in pure naturalism and rationalism perceive everything as
relative. But those who cling to the Christian tradition respect the human being and creation as gifts of God.
They want to bring divine principles to rule human life.

So, if you understand this background, you can then appreciate the reaction of the
Western Press -- which is largely secularistic, atheistic, anti-Christ, anti-God. And anybody trying to remind
them of God is often attacked. For them, the Pope is touching on what has become a sensitive point. So, Iím not
surprised. You can even see that in the Anglican community, there is now a split between the African Anglicans
and the Western or American Anglicans, because a number of the Anglicans have followed the way of naturalism, homosexuality,
lesbianism and anything goes.

So, this dictatorship of relativism is what the Western media is trying to spread
across the world. But the Pope, even though he comes from the Western world, has imbibed a different kind of orientation,
and now propagates a healthier tradition, the tradition of God. And to that tradition I belong, even though I am
very familiar with the Western secular world.

Q. Are you worried
by the growing culture of indecent and even weird dressing among many Nigerians, especially, the youth? Men are
even perforating their ears, noses and all that?What do you think accounts for this penchant to copy only the worst, and the most horrible, from
the Western world?

A. Well, we havenít
quite fully recovered from the old indoctrination that everything from Europe or America is the best. Nigerians would have done better, but for the fact that we had people
who were not properly educated leading us, and putting undue emphasis on everything Western. But when you study
the Western culture as a real scholar, like some of us have done, you would discover that there is really nothing
to get excited about. I have seen Europe
and America, seen the white man, black man, yellow man, and all that. I have rediscovered myself.
Indeed, when you have not rediscovered yourself, you will continue to look up to the Western world to define yourself.
Thatís why I define myself much more locally. Iíve found joy, learning and speaking the Igbo language. And that
is why, in part, I started the Odenigbo Lecture Series.

The lecture series are conducted in my
Igbo language; that every one in the village can understand. And I have discovered that it gives my people a great
sense of joy, because I am helping them rediscover their identity, and to know that Igbo language is as good as
English, French or any other, and never a mark of stupidity if you speak only Igbo. That there are very brilliant
people who speak only Igbo because, after all, it was through the natural talents of farmers, fishermen and traders
who never went to school, and what they cultivated, that their children were able to become trained as engineers
and scientists. Indeed, many children of farmers, wine-tappers and wrestlers, have turned out to be excellent role
models, because it is the practical knowledge of our people that laid the foundation for further intellectual or
mental development of the later generation.

So, until we become re-orientated with and appreciative of the things around us, we
shall always run after the white man. Now, although the white man has accomplished a great many good things, his
society is far from perfect. Much of the present preoccupations of Western society do not seem to give its people
joy. So, they end up being confused, and unhappy, and that is what some our people are running after.

So, I think itís a matter of mis-education and misguidance by people who donít have
real values. They are living by what we call popular values; popular culture. Cars, dresses, shoes and what they
can wear on their eyes and noses are more important to them. At a time, our children didnít wear clothes until
a certain age; yet it did not create any moral confusion. Now, people are exhibiting thighs and breasts when decency
demands that they should cover them up.

I used to tell my students when I was lecturing at Alvan Ikoku College of Education,
Owerri that instead of retouching their brain, all they do is retouch their hair! So, we are no longer touching
up the brain for higher things. It is unfortunate. We have shifted emphasis to less-inspiring and unedifying habits.

Q. Harmful practices
like prostitution, cultism, robbery and violence are on the rise, especially among young people, and it does seem
that efforts to combat this are progressively sabotaged by television. How do we come out of this?

Well, this is an area
where the government of our country with their policies have proved unhelpful, and shown that they donít understand
the psychology of the young. They are unaware that young peopleís minds can be destroyed and distorted as early
as the age of ten. Because some of our leaders have also bought into these superficial, artificial values, they
have no understanding of the need for screening, and instead allow the airing of unsuitable television content
at periods of the day when children can watch them. And these unscrupulous adults may not even be around to combat
the fallout of these experiences when the children are now tempted to practice what they picked up from the videos
they watch.

So, it requires a leadership
that understands the sensitivity and importance of forming children with important values, even before they are
ten and twelve years. Because, at that point, children are immensely impressionable. We had to make a public statement last week about the introduction of Sex Education
in schools, which I personally believe is corrupting to the children. These people are just importing Western values,
and so, our women, thanks be
to God, have risen. They have gone to the Federal Ministry of Education to protest against this corrupting influence.
But the way to effectively fight it is to provide alternative programmes, especially on television, that will give
more positive orientation to our children, and I think licenses should be given to responsible religious bodies
to do this.

You know the government has been very reluctant to give out licenses to religious
bodies. Of course, it is true that some of the religious bodies have proved to be part of the destroyers of the
society, but government could exercise the right to restrict, and not completely ban religious bodies like ours.I, for one, wouldnít want to present a
programme that will distort the minds of the people. I am an educationist, a religionist and social leader. And
I am concerned about the future of the children. So, if government would open up the channels to allow more responsible
television programming by religious bodies with excellent educational track records, we can turn the tide.

When I switch on the television today, what do I see? Murder, bloodshed, violence,
immoralityÖhey! So, an alternative to this is a more positive, healthy approach that does not promote violence,
immorality, and seduction. Thatís the only way.

Q. You donít think
that government should introduce some form of censorship, as in the past, and even extend it to the pornographic
magazines that fill our newsstands these days?

A. As I said earlier, if we have leaders
who are concerned about the future of this nation, a lot of things will be done right. It is my observation that
the Western world is in a state of confusion. And because we have also inherited aspects of Western culture, we
have also inherited the confusion that comes with it. But if we had a more spiritual, moral, serious and sensitive
leadership in this country, it would address these issues. And the people will share that sense of responsibility,
you know, to restrict the kind of things that they read and watch, in order to promote a more positive culture. Indeed, there is a need for censorship of what we
take in, and the earlier the relevant authorities and bodies respond adequately to this challenge, the better for
our society.

Q. The rate at which
HIV/AIDS is spreading is alarming. But some of us are seriously questioning the intentions behind campaigns deployed
to combat it that seem, in actual fact, to aid in the erosion of the moral foundation of our society. When hopefully
a vaccine is found and the scourge is over, how will the moral reclamation of society begin?

A. Well, I have spoken to various audiences
in the church and outside about this matter of promiscuity, immorality and diseases. Of course, there is human
weakness all over the world, and when people indulge their weaknesses, they are vulnerable to contracting diseases
one way or the other. As you rightly pointed out, the manner the situation is being handled cannot lead to the
discipline that should have been established in the first place. Rather when you say: well people are bound to
have sex, so make it easy for them, give them condoms, give them contraceptives, human beings being what they are
would sometimes not want the condoms, the contraceptives, or even worse, these things may fail. Indeed, it has
to be clear that those bringing in contraceptives and condoms might just want to promote promiscuity simply to
provide a market for these products.

But I also want everyone
to note that Western societies have a low birth rate, and there is the fear that Africans might continue to multiply,
and prove to be a global force to contend with like China has proved. So, there is a certain fear about the black populace. Anything to stop
the Africans, create more confusion, so that our stable families would go the way of other societies is welcome.
So, there is a certain ideological war in it. That is why our government needs to be more serious.

Thanks be to God that the Moslems, as well, joined in the visit to the Federal Ministry of Education to protest
against the promotion of immorality. Imagine exposing children of nine and ten years to ideas about homosexuality,
masturbation, lesbianism and how to enjoy sex. Instead of raising their ideals they fill them with pernicious knowledge
which would awake in them emotions they are incapable of handling.

So, it requires courage
to go against the current. We have to teach people that it is possible to be chaste. It is possible to be self-controlled.
If you can be self-controlled for one day, you can as well be for one month. If you can be controlled for a month,
you can as well do it for one year or two years. This is important, so we can get healthy marriages, that will
not produce contaminated, sick children, and those that will be weak specimens. So, our mission is to promote chastity,
to call also to conversion those who have made mistakes.

God doesnít want the loss of anyone. He
says Heís not interested in the death of the sinner but that the sinner should repent and live. But the trouble
comes when we begin to declare by words or actions that there is no more sin. No, we must take the necessary precautions
ourselves so that we donít make the situation worse. It is because we recognize our weakness as human beings that
we cling to Christ and the Word of God. My help is in the name of the Lord who made heaven and earth. The nearer
I am to God, the stronger I am. But if a person becomes careless and lives only with people who are promiscuous,
who are immoral, even if he was strong, he may begin to decay and degenerate.

Corruption and Political Ineptitude

Q.
Not too long ago, the Berlin-based Transparency International (TI) awarded Nigeria the number three position in the corruption index globally.(Nigeria is now in the sixth position) Did you celebrate it?

A. Well, I donít really give too much attention
to the placement of Nigeria with regard to corruption. I know that America is corrupt, Europe is also corrupt. My worry is that our own people collude with others to rip us off.
These foreigners are too eager to collude with our people, because they believe we have so much money stolen from
Nigeria, and stashed in either Switzerland or New York or other Western nations. So, when you
say Nigerians are corrupt, look very well, and you will see that there are always some white people out there helping
them to perpetrate the corruption. So, I refuse to take such categorizations from them.

In fact some years ago, while I was in Washington, just at the time I was appointed bishop, I was trying to get some help for a project
in my archdiocese. When I mentioned it to some white man in a certain Foundation, he said: well we would have loved to help you, but
your country is so corrupt.
I became very angry. I said: Gentleman, if we start tracing the roots of corruption in my country, you will be
implicated, because colonialism, including its neo reconstruction, is a massive act of fraud; yes, massive act
of corruption imposed on our people. But, of course, that doesnít exonerate us from our collusion. But the world
is such, nowadays, that there is a whole syndicate, a huge collaboration, that it is almost impossible to carry
out corruption all alone, in oneís own country.

There are, however,
people who are working to make things worse for us in Nigeria. Nigeria has great potential. In the past, Nigeria was rated so high in the world that wherever
her citizens walked, in the 50s, 60s, or even in the early 70s, they were welcomed as great minds and great workers.
Thatís why many received scholarships from international organizations and institutions in the past. The politicians
and the military have not been kind to us; they have led us into a tragic quagmire. It is therefore the issue of
trying to move ahead that we are confronted with. Other countries have also been where we are today, however they
worked hard to transcend it. We are faced with what is particularly a human condition, and therefore can be changed.

Q. Do you think the
present government is helping to bring about the desired change?

A. Well, this present government is a kind
of conundrum. It is not a straightforward arrow. It is mixed music, with several tunes. We are still looking forward.
The rhetoric is good, the language is correct; but the action is dubious. Nothing is transparent, beginning with
the elections. We had hoped that, after late Gen. Sani Abacha and Gen. Abdulsalami Abubakar, we would have been
able to begin on a clean slate; but, how the country ended up under a military man, I still canít explain. Indeed,
I believe that this is part of the problemwe are still facing. However, certain credit was given to the present leadership,
initially. And this is because, we had believed that under a President who had experienced imprisonment, there
would have been a revolutionary change. Unfortunately, this did not happen. Under this current leadership, the
same problems have continued to emerge. The expectation had been that a realistic action-plan would have been put
in place, which would, much more than EFCC, ICPC and other agencies, help us track the porous ways through which
Nigeria is losing its money.

So, although the leadership has spoken a very good language, we still seem to be where
we were. I think it was Marx who said: ďwell the philosophers have interpreted the situation correctly, but the
important thing is to change itÖĒ

Q. Is there something
about the Nigerian environment that provides incentive for cutting corners? The same Nigerian who endeavours to
keep rules in other countries would be quick to try and beat the system here?

A. Yes, here, we have what is called the
ďbig man syndrome.Ē Some people consider themselves ten or even hundred times more important than the rest. But
I know that in spite of my being a Bishop, Iím just a commoner, my blood is as common as any other blood. There
is nothing like royal blood. Itís the same ordinary
blood that flows in me that flows in the president or governor or traditional ruler. So, there is an illusion about
our personalities that makes some of us unable to accept ourselves as ordinary people; maybe, because of the titles
we have or the position we occupy in society. And some people now define themselves more in terms of their titles,
qualifications or ranks, wanting to bulldoze their way through society, and encourage others to do so as well.

So, itís a kind of
psychic disease akin to pomposity, which I call pomposis. You may not find it in the dictionary but it has to do with excessive obsession with pomp and
pageantry. Such a person comes across as an inflated balloon. Every other person has to give way when a ďbig manĒ
is passing. And if you delay, his men could push you into the gutter.

Q. But why do Nigerians
manifest such behaviour only when they are in Nigeria? They donít misbehave even in Ghana, for instance.

A. No, they cannot, because the people there
have deflated themselves. Even in America or Europe,
I mean the president is just ordinary Mr. President.

Q. Even governors,
in some countries, use the same buses as regular people as they go to work in the morning.

A. Well, in Nigeria, what appears more important is the kind
of voluminous clothing that we encumber ourselves with. We want to be as big as the hippopotamus. And we think
that when we are like that, other people in the world become like mosquitoes before us. So, itís a problem of the
psyche. Itís a spiritual, moral and intellectual decline. And unless you and I deflate ourselves, we cannot relate
on a simple ground with the rest of humanity. So, Nigeria has a very big disease, the disease of pomposis.

Q. What is your message
to Nigerians on corruption?

A. I cannot give any message to Nigerians
in general. I can only give a message to the leaders, because the people are either good or bad followersdepending, to a large extent, on who is
leading them. So, my message is not for the poor man who has reached a point of frustration ĖI can only sympathize
with him, and tell him to be patient, that things will certainly get better.

My message is more
for the leaders, and I am telling them to deflate themselves, and realize that they are ordinary mortals like every
other person. The poor people they despise today may be the ones to carry their corpses tomorrow; so, I am pleading
with them, and praying that the Lord touches their minds and hearts. Our elites must realize that until they destroy
this sense of elitism, and tell themselves that even Christ Himself came into this life to identify with the lowliest
human being, nothing can change for the better.

So, my challenge is
to the leaders is this: Let us commit class suicide. I am ready to commit class suicide any time. I am trying everyday, to ensure I donít
feel that I am more important than others, because I happen to be an Archbishop. Itís just a service that I am
rendering; I know that somebody else can as well do it, even better than I can. Why then should I hold on to the
illusion that I am the most important man in the land?

On Nigeria

Q. Would you mind naming
a particular phenomenon that greatly tasks your faith in the Nigerian system?

A. Well, itís like coming back to the same
issue of leadership and its dislocation of the entire social system; there is disarray in the system. Anytime you
ply our roads -- whether it is the Owerri-Port-Harcourt Road or the Onitsha-Owerri Road -- once you become stuck in a muddy pothole capable of swallowing up a tanker, for
instance, then you see Nigeria in its stark reality; you see a clear case of disorganization. And the dislocation
we are talking about here is a direct consequence of bad leadership and the attitudes it encourages. So, Nigeria is really a disorganized society; and
one cannot get certain important things done without having to cut corners. And that puts a lot of people off.
Thatís why certain people are reluctant to contest as leaders, because they can be crushed in the process; the
terms of the game are never really known.

We tend to do things
haphazardly. There is no longer a sense of thoroughness and excellence. Yet, the country is considered to be very
rich, and this is a problem. What you see is a symptom of bad leadership. It creates decay and disorganization.
There is little expectation that things will happen the way they ought to happen.

Q. There is the suspicion
that Nigeria was probably poisoned in the womb; that it may have been born with inherent contradictions
perennially hindering its capacity for success. Do you share that view?

A. Well, every nation was born with certain,
inherent, contradictions. All that is required is bracing up, working hard, getting a common vision, and deciding
to put the vision into effect. But what happens in Nigeria is that usually not many people are committed to the vision. In fact, there is an
absence of commitment in almost anything they profess to do. There is no sense of a national consciousness.

We are not yet one
people. The concept of one Nigeria is a forced arrangement. Indeed, the patriotism that ought to go with oneness is
yet to emerge in Nigeria. It is not something peculiar to Nigeria that we have people of varying ethnic
communities, even though what we have here is quite an enormous example. But if we had had more of a patriotic
leadership where oneís word was their bond, if there had been transparency and honesty in the lives of the leaders,
then the nation would have changed.

Take a person like
Nelson Mandela, for instance. For 25 years, he fought and remained committed to a cause; he suffered and was imprisoned.
But from all this he emerged the president of South

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Africa. And in four years, he did something for which the whole world still regards him as the most respectable
personality among statesmen today. He is a black man like you and me. So, thereís nothing strange about him. We
still have the opportunity to effect changes here. There is nothing inherently wrong with Nigeria. I canít blame God. God has in fact given
us abundant resources, human and natural. But those who happen to occupy the positions of leadership have not yet
embraced the self-sacrifice, the self-discipline that can help lead the nation out of the woods.

The case of Mahatma Gandhi comes to mind here. He had trained as a lawyer in London, and then went to South Africa to work. While he was there, he saw apartheid at close quarters, and his mind was stirred. Right from South Africa, he began to fight racial discrimination,
carrying the struggle back to India where he initiated what I would call class suicide. In fact he divested himself of
Western attitudes and culture, and re-embraced the essence of the ordinary Indian.

He did this to give
a boost to production of textile material in India, from local resources, boycotting whatever could be boycotted, although, not just
theoretically like Late Mbonu Ojike did here, but on a more radical note. He welded the people together, and fought
the caste system in India, to give every human being back his or her sense of dignity. Even though he got killed
in the process, his was the best example of what leadership should be. He didnít become anything. He was neither
prime minister nor president. He just remained Mahatma Gandhi.

And because of this,
the Indians can look back today and say: Oh! Thanks be to God for a man like Gandhi. He gave them the fighting spirit, the spirit to excel; today, even
in science and technology, India is hailed across the world. Formerly, Nigeria was even more successful than India. Look at the case of Malaysia; they are now the greatest producers of
palm products. But these people were coming to this country some forty years ago to source the self-same commodity.
So, itís a question of the calibre of who is leading us.

Q. Okay, but it appears
we lack a somewhat perennial capacity to get it right. In Nigeria and several other African countries, we are confronted daily with reports of massive
corruption, underdevelopment, military coups, election rigging, sit-tightism
by leaders, etc. What is your feeling on this?

A. Well, someone just came back from Ghana, and wrote me a lovely article about what
is happening in that country; how its people are working very hard. And, indeed, when I was in Ghana last year, I was really impressed with
what I saw. Even though that country lacks the kind of resources we have in Nigeria, you can see where discipline, hard work
and responsible leadership have combined to achieve amazing results.

When President John
Kufour visited us -- that is, the Catholic Bishops of West Africa -- where we were meeting in the Volta Region,
it was a very simple visit. We didnít see any army and police escorts shouting at or intimidating and harassing
anybody. That was the first thing that struck us there. So, Ghana is moving on. Nigerians are taking their
children over there to get a good education. So, something good is happening there.

Q. Industries are relocating
to Ghana due to the availability of functional amenities that are lacking in Nigeria.

A. Well, you are telling me. For the past
seven or eight years now, Ghanaians have been working hard. When I was in Accra a little while ago, they told me that
their best engineers were brought together in the spirit of patriotism to make sure that Ghana performs successfully. We have thousands
of Nigerian professionals abroad. They have not been brought home and challenged. And even if these professionals
were asked to come home, some selfish conditions would be put before them Ė like asking them to first undertake
some projects in the villages of the officials organizing the programme. So, it is this selfishness that prevents
people from thinking about the benefits of the people in general. Thatís the problem. But there are countries that
are moving on; I mean,
itís not only Ghana. You go to some French speaking countries in Africa, and there is discipline and dedication in those places. I was in Ivory Coast not too long ago, and I was very impressed.
In spite of the civil war there, their pleasant environment was very much in evidence, and there are clear signs
that things are still working.

Iíve not been to South Africa, but it boasts an African leadership now,
and the story coming from there is highly encouraging. Julius Nyerere in Tanzania was, as well, hailed by the world when
he was alive. He lived very simply. He wore only safari suits, and worked very hard. He did not squander the resources
of his country nor build any extra-ordinary mansions. So, there are people like that who have done very impressive
work.

And in America, as far as I am concerned, Martin Luther
King is the greatest American. Because he did what no other person did in America; he fought racism, and gave blacks the
opportunity to recover their dignity. In the process, he helped the people realize that we are all children of
God. So, the Blackman has really done some things that are highly commendable.Often, it depends on who is doing the evaluation, and who is passing the judgment. We simply need capable leaders in this country, thatís all.

On Security

Q: There is an alarming state of insecurity in the land.Nigerians have never felt so unsafe, whether on the highways or at home. Even the
churches have not been spared. Only recently, a number of Roman Catholic parishes and even a nunnery were invaded
by hoodlums. In one particular case, a priest was killed; what are your thoughts on this?

A:Well,
the simple reason is greed; the

Archbishop AJV Obinna of Oweri during the interview

greed of the leaders of our nation. This greed fuels disparity, because some people have accumulated too much
of the commonwealth for themselves. So, due to the economic disparity engendered by this situation, an invitation
seems to have been thrown to the impatient among us to take their turn at becoming rich. Some vicious ones are
using guns to shoot their way into power and money while others have used their influence and connections to corner
some part of it. Now, not everybody is in a position to shoot his way to power or manipulate and steal the votes
of the peopleÖto acquire and hold on to power illegitimately.

So, those who have no patience now say:well, we also have to survive; how can all these people be millionaires and billionaires while we
remain Ďnothingnairesí? So, this is what has caused the problem.
But if we had a more equitable society, we would not be having all these problems. People, you know, become more
relaxed when there is merited wealth; however, when there are people visibly stinking with riches and others stinking
with wretchedness, then we can expect these things.

I am not surprised that the church is also being visited by marauders, because, on
the one hand, the church by nature is a vulnerable institution. We are not guarded by the army or police. Anybody
can visit me. Some years back, I was visited by armed robbers, right in my bedroom. I lost two cars to them.This experience made me realize that our
people are really suffering. If it could happen to the Bishop, priests and the church, then we have to know that
the matter is really serious. It shows the amount of violence being visited on our people everyday. It helps the
church to realize that our people are really suffering, and that the suffering has now overflowed into the Bishopís
house, into the priestís house.

I donít go about with soldiers or policemen. This helps me realize that my life is
just in Godís hands. And anybody can shoot me any time. So, I donít worry about security; rather, I share the vulnerability
of my people. It is those who are hiding from the people, who have stolen wealth, that build barricades around
themselves. I have no big barricade. I can be captured any day.

Q. The problem is even
more complex. It is like those who are able to escape armed robbers still face the grave danger posed by flying
police bullets.

A. Well, it all goes back to the issue of
leadership. If we are blessed with a leadership that identifies with the frustrations of the people, leaves itself
vulnerable, a leadership that is made to account for its deeds, then things will definitely change. If people see
that the commissioners, governors, House members, etc., are not living above their earnings, and showing off illicitly
acquired cars and mansions, or flying out of the country to put away stolen money in foreign banks, when they see
that their leaders live close to them, instead of hiding in fortresses or expensive hotels to squander the nationís
resources, the frustrations that give rise to these problems will abate. Peace and safety will take the place of
violence. So, our problem is basically that of leadership. Achebe said it, long ago, that the trouble with Nigeria is the problem of leadership.

Elections and the Electorate

Q. Now, you have witnessed
several elections in Nigeria; do you share the frustration of a growing number of Nigerians with the various electoral
bodies that have overseen these elections?

A. Yes, indeed. This is a matter that I have
been closely involved with. Having lived during colonialism, witnessed the period of the crisis in Nigeria in the
1960s, experienced the Nigerian-Biafra War, survived detention in a Nigerian military camp, and the war itself,
and by Godís grace, joined the rest of surviving Nigerians or Biafrans, at the time, to say -- Well, thanks be
to God, we are still alive -- I had looked forward to better days, especially, under the slogan, ďNo Victor, No
Vanquished.Ē We believed that Nigeria was now set to begin a new term of life, but the ďNo Victor, No VanquishedĒ thing
was unrealistic, because at the time it was declared our people were deprived. The Igbo were deprived of their
earnings under the influence of the victorious forces.

So, there were indeed,
the ďvictorsĒ and the ďvanquished.Ē Then during the 1979 elections, there seemed to have been some semblance of
equity. Though, as had happened in the 50s and the 60s, there were still cases of violence. But somehow Nigeria managed to transit into a new democracy.
Sadly, the 1983 elections were something else, from the reports I read. I was away in America at the time, and people were having ďlandslideĒ
victories without any basis. It was such that, based on what I read, particularly from the journal, West Africa, I had predicted in the course of writing
my doctoral dissertation that maybe before I end my studies, there wouldbe another coup in Nigeria. Those were my thoughts, because I was writing on the Foundations for
Teaching Moral and Religious Values in Pluralistic Nigeria.

So, I was monitoring the political and economic developments in Nigeria, and, as I wrote my thesis, agonizing
about our country. Unfortunately, what I suspected eventually happened; I picked up the news from Radio Nigeria one night while I was tuning in from America. I wanted to find out what was going on,
and lo and behold, there was the news that there had been a coup in Nigeria! I was not surprised, at all. Indeed,
that development was partly due to widespread electoral malpractices and the insistence of certain politicians
to come back to power whether the people wanted them or not. And from there, of course, the military returned with
the dilly-dallying of Gen Ibrahim Babangida and late Gen Sani Abacha. 1999 came with all its intrigues too.

In 1999, we thought that, finally, we were exiting the military era; but what happened
in 2003, before my very eyes, was most unexpected. The situation was such that, after casting my vote here in Owerri,
the INEC official there said to me: Look, Archbishop, I know you have voted, but you have to stand here and guard
this ballot box. Because once you leave, it will be stolen and taken away from here. I said waoh! Has it really come to this -- an official of the electoral commission deploying
me to guard the ballot box? I said to him: well, you people can do whatever you want, but the consequences will
surely come. And just as he said, an hour later, as I heard, the ballot boxes were indeed stolen by thugs of the
party on ground. Up until now, those results have not been released. So, if any ďresultsĒ were released, we donít
know where they have come from.

This clearly shows that we do not yet have the spirit of love for our people, and
for the development of our country. It demonstrates that there is massive greed and selfishness surrounding our
electoral process. And until this massive greed, individual or corporate, is removed, we shall not succeed with
elections. Our democracy and the development of the people will continue to stagnate. Sadly, thereís no sign yet
that things will improve in this regard. Perhaps, the elections in 2007 will give us the final verdict? Either
we get it right this time around, or we simply forget about it.

Q. How, in your view,
should INEC be constituted and funded to rise above the manipulations of the government and influential people
in the polity?

A. Well, the first thing would be to create
an understanding, the awareness that any money used in servicing public institutions is public money. It belongs
neither to the president nor the governor. I think that this is the first thing that must be clearly emphasized
to those in positions of leadership; they must resist the temptation of claiming ownership of public funds. One
example would be instances where a governor takes credit for any donation of state funds. The money does not belong
to him; the donation is on behalf of the state that he serves! And until that spiritual, moral exercise is successfully
accomplished, it will be difficult to talk about the independence of INEC.

So, when the people in public office purge themselves of the delusion that public
fundsbelong to them, simply
because they are the ones disbursing it, when there isan accompanying passion to have free and fair elections by all stakeholders, everything will be
in place to make the INEC chairman truly independent. And I think Iíve heard it mentioned often that we need to
adopt a policy whereby, about three months to elections, the president and governors would vacate their offices
and hand over to the chief judge or whosoever the law prescribes. We have discovered from experience the unworkablity
of allowing leaders at different levels to retain powers they may use to influence elections in which they are
participating. The independence of INEC would be truly ensured when this is done. At least, we would now know who
to actually hold responsible when elections are mismanaged; but right now, there is so much confusion. Are we really
going to hold the INEC chairman, the governor or president responsible? Who really is calling the shots during
elections? Thatís the problem.

Q. But what part, Your Grace, does poverty actually
play in electoral process in this country? There is the belief that if the majority of Nigerians can at least afford
their daily meals, they would not be easily manipulated by politicians during elections.

A. Well, poverty by itself is not a vice.
There are many poor people who remain honest even when they know that others have much more materially than they
do. So, itís not poverty that is the problem. The issue is that we have people from poor backgrounds who also happen
to be greedy. Indeed, not every person has the same level of resistance towards bribes, and that is why there are
people who would be willing to accept inducements to vote for the wrong people. Unfortunately, these people may
not even be aware that by these actions they are mortgaging their own future.

The politicians, therefore,
go all out to exploit these greedy, naïve poor. Not too long ago, during the 2003 elections, as politicians
brought food items to win the hearts of the electorate, a poor old woman was able to stand up in the market place
and declare: look, it is this stockfish, rice and soft drinks these people are bringing that will spoil this election!
The voice of this woman was able to dissuade some people with conscience from collecting those items, while the
greedy ones still went ahead to collect.So, poverty, by itself, is not our problem, but rather the greedy politicians who come to find the
greedy poor and use them to introduce confusion.

Q. Any message to the
electorate?

A. Well, I have composed a prayer for upright voting and honest counting in view of the 2007 elections. I hope to launch this prayer on the 27th of November, which will be the beginning of the new church year for us in the Catholic
Church. I am hoping that the chairman of INEC will be at that mass. It will be a way of helping him and challenging
our people to take this election seriously and move towards upright voting and the honest counting of our votes. These are the two key issues. Let the process be transparent and honest. Whatever
votes any candidate or party gets should be credited to him. If the process of voting is made free and fair, then
weíll have upright voting. And if the votes are counted honestly, then weíll get honest results. Whoever is going
to occupy a position will know that he truly has the peopleís mandate, not a stolen one.

The
Collapse of the Educational Sector

Q: When was the
last time you revisited your oldprimary and secondary schools? Has anything changed in terms of the quality of infrastructure
and staff? Do you think todayís public schools or even the so-called private schools, are capable of producing
someone of your calibre?

A: Well, I started off in a primary school
in Umuahia, continued in Enyiogugu, Mbaise, and then in Ikeduru. I have revisited some of them, and in fact they
made me sad. The fields, the grounds, and the farms we had in those days -- because we had an all round type of
formation in the primary schools -- everything that was capable of developing a person, intellectually, spiritually,
morally, physically, has changed. One of the schools I see quite often has become an eyesore compared to what it
was in those days.

In some places, the
government has done one thing or the other, but mainly tokenisms; not the real revolutionary change that these
schools require and yearn for. So, when I compare some of the primary schools that I see in Europe and America with what we have here, or even some of our universities and colleges of education
and polytechnics, I see nothing to write home about. There is clearly a lack of cleanliness and decency. Individuals
do not learn only within the four walls of the classroom; beautiful environments, well laid out gardens, farms
with crops growing properly provide students with an aesthetic, and the imprint of excellence they need. It gives
them, as well, a sense of accuracy in measuring, and in the process, some knowledge of Mathematics, Geometry, Poetry
or Geography, even before they are studied as actual subjects emphasized in the classroom.

So, that is why I feel very sad. But, thanks be to God; we still have a few places,
mainly private or mission schools and even a few government schools, federal or state government-owned, that we
can say are measuring up. Indeed, for us as a church, fulfillment comes from the completeness of every part; environment,
classrooms, dormitories, kitchen, toilets, etc. Every part is essential for the proper education of a human being.

Q: So what is the way out?

A: Well, the Saint Christopherís Group in
America often says itís better to light a candle
than to curse the darkness. So, on our part, here, we are beginning once again to build up schools of quality.
I have a secondary school in Emekuku (near Owerri). Each time I visit, I am thrilled and fascinated. Itís called
FatherCloonanMemorialSecondary
School. The children look decent, and the environment is neat and appealing. Not too long ago, I went
there with the Imo State Commissioner for Education, and she marveled at what she saw. I am building a few other
schools, like the HolyRosaryInternationalCollege. All this is costing me quite a lot, but I am determined to build model secondary
schools. And this has already started. In October 2005, we moved over to the permanent site. And even though the
school isnít yet completed, it is well planned and well structured; a model of what a secondary school should be.
I am doing a little here, a little there, while other people in the Catholic Church or in the Anglican Church are
also thinking of building quality schools.

Q: So, all hopes should now be focused on the private sector?

A:It does appear so; but hope has to be focused on both the public and private, because we need to
complement each other. We cannot have everybody attending only church schools or private schools. We need government
schools of excellent quality. Of course, in the past, we had more mission schools than government schools. And
the products of these schools excelled in all fields. In any proper society, you need the services of both parties,
and it makes for healthy competition.

Unfortunately, the monopolization syndrome has ensured that we donít get any subsidies
or grants. Because education should really be a corporate enterprise, those of us who are not earning salaries
need the support of the government and foundations to help us build quality schools. Iím really, as it were, using
my teeth, as the Igbo people would say, to string out, you know, money to build these schools. But youíll be impressed
with what weíve accomplished, because our children now have access to a healthy environment that allows them to
optimize their learning. So there is hope; itís coming, but itís going to take some time. After long years of devastation,
to heal is a very slow process. It is easier to destroy than to build up. And the military and their political
cohorts destroyed so much.

The Odenigbo Lecture Series, Literature and saving the Igbo Language

Q:The 2005 OdenigboLectures
has taken place.
What do you aim to achieve by these lectures?

A:Well, the lecture is part of a larger mission
I have in the Church, Igboland, Nigeria, and Africa.
It seeks to expand the evangelical, redemptive mission that I have embraced as a Catholic Christian. So, I use
the lectures to carry out the mission of transforming the world. It is a multi-dimensional Lecture Series, in that
it touches the spiritual, the moral, the social, the scientific, and the philosophical. So, it is my way of orchestrating
the good news of God, manifest in creation and redemption. Indeed, it is part of my mission, and I believe yours
too, to renew the face of the earth to the glory of God and the good of humanity. This is what the Odenigbo Lecture Series is all about.

And the 2005 version was particularly significant, since it was given by an environmental
engineer, Professor Victor Okereke, who focused on what we can do through agriculture, to get food on peopleís
tables, and really get back the original steam of fantastic agricultural development that we had in the days of
M.I. Okpara and Akanu Ibiam (former premier and governor of the defunct Eastern Region). It is interesting that
this young man himself got involved in agriculture as a young schoolboy, and God has blessed him with fantastic
scientific knowledge, to enable us get back to the creativity that made Eastern Nigeria a great agricultural region. Thatís the whole idea.

Q. You must be aware
of the serious threat to the Igbo language. Readership for materials written in Igbo has dropped to almost zero.
As a promoter of this language, do you have any programmes to help recover the situation?

A. Well, yes... Since I started the Odenigbo Lecture Series, there has been a certain revival of interest,
definitely, in the Igbo language. Just before last yearís Odenigbo Lecture, I went live on radio, on the FRCN,
in Igbo language. It was a phone-in programme, and I was fascinated by the encouraging calls and conversations
that took place in Igbo. Some of the callers, in fact, said that since the commencement of the Odenigbo Lectures,
they have learned to speak, read, and write Igbo. It gave me great joy to hear this. So, through the Odenigbo Lectures
and the Ozisa newspaper that we are still running --
even though it is a quarterly publication that comes out four times a year -- people are able to read Igbo the
more. I felt that it wasnít enough simply to have the annual Odenigbo Lecture Series, that it would be nice also
to have a newspaper. It may not be that popular, but people know that it exists.

I was in London not too long ago, and the two masses I celebrated there were in Igbo language. I
did this in New York, some years ago. I am glad too that the children there are being taught Igbo. There are those employed
to teach Igbo to children in America Ė New York, Los Angeles, and other places. So, through these activities and some others that will be coming,
we hope to see the language further advanced. Iíve been in touch with the National Institute of Nigerian Languages,
which gave me a Fellowship as a member of the Linguistic Association of Nigeria. We are also planning to have a
big conference on the Igbo language, hopefully in the not too distant future.

Iím hoping somewhat
that we will create a learning centre for Ndiigbo who really want to pick up the Igbo language. And I discovered
that since I dove into Igbo -- because I didnít study it in the School Certificate or G.C.E -- my English has improved.
I have found that I think in Igbo and also in English, and sometimes translate ideas from Igbo to English. But
some expressions are more powerful in the Igbo language. So, I now move from the Igbo language into the English
language. However, my efforts will require the encouragement of other people too. The government sends delegations
once in a while, and we can see that even in ImoState, there has been more use of the language by the governor, the deputy governor, and
some others, in addressing our people, more than at any other time.

The influence of Odenigbo in AnambraState has been tremendous Ė in fact, they have made Igbo language compulsory in the General
Studies Programme. So, Odenigbo is stimulating the revival and appreciation of the Igbo language. I do hope that,
maybe, with more interest building up, others will come on board and we can produce programmes in Igbo language
that are of high class quality; debates in Igbo, communications in Igbo, that will teach people how to treasure
the Igbo language. Because there is literally nothing that cannot be expressed in the Igbo language, we have to
be more creative with it, just as the Japanese, Koreans, Indians and Chinese are doing with their own languages.
In fact, creativity comes more from your own mother tongue than from an imported language.

I canít be as creative
as the English are with their language. And whatever I create in English is only a small addition to their repertoire.
But when I dig into the Igbo language and produce new concepts and new words, I enrich myself and the entire Igbo
world.

Q: I was wondering whether you are a poet,
as well, because, recently, I listened to you, on the Carolina Catholic Electronic Media, relive what you referred
to as your ďannunciation experienceĒ which occurredin1988; there was
so much poetry in your style of rendition.

I am not a poet by profession; but, now and again, God gives me messages that come
across poetically. I am essentially a theologian; a scholar in the field of religion, education and the social
sciences. But I like to combine these various dynamics, because I believe that God fulfils Himself in so many ways.
Through religion, poetry, literature, and science, God fulfils Himself.

Q: Who are your favourite
authors?

A: Well, at this point in time, I have a lot of books. Itís just that any book that comes across my
way, I will read it, and if I enjoy it, I may keep going back to it. Well, of course, you might wish to know that
Achebe is one of my favorite authors.

Q: He once delivered the Odenigbo Lecture.

A: Yes, but even before then Ö because, for my doctoral dissertation, I studied Things Fall Apart and Arrow of God very intensively. I used them, in fact, as background material for the kind of work
I was doing as an educationist and theologian. And I continuously refer back to Achebe, because I see Things Fall Apart and Arrow of God as the Old and New Testaments of Igbo culture. Each time I want to understand the
dynamics of Igbo culture, of the African world in its primal situation, I go to Achebe.

Of
course, beyond Achebe, having been exposed to the East and West, there are authors that I have also enjoyed reading;
they are too many to mention, but I cannot fail to mention, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, the Russian writer. There are two books he wrote, little nuggets, you know; each
time I go back to them, I find them very illuminating. There was a letter he wrote to Soviet leaders in 1973, for
which he was suddenly removed. He had told them: Look, forget about all this Marxism, and Communism, because, it
is only God in Christ that can redeem Russia! Marxism, he said, was just a husk, totally empty. So, I find him very interesting,
because he ends up warning that unless we become more spiritual, all the material achievements will simply lead
us astray. And moreover, it has led us into the situation of weapons of mass destruction! So, he has that prophetic
streak.

I also enjoy reading the French-American writer, ReneGirard, who was a
professor of comparative literature, at the JohnHopkinsUniversity. At a time, he was a leftist intellectual, but after years of toiling in the pursuit
of the secularist and atheist agenda, he suddenly decided to go back to church, and became a Christian. And he
wrote a book that so fascinates me called, I See Satan Fall Like Lightening. There are just too many books I read -- Thomas Merton, and, of course, Mahatma Gandhi,
who is a great friend and mentor, and Martin Luther King, a great friend too. The Bible, of course... So, itís
a vast world.

Q: Are you worried
about the extremely poor reading culture in Nigeria today?

A: Well, I think we are in a transition from what you might call the book culture to the video culture;
the new world of CDs and everything that comes through the internet. But, there is still a lot of reading taking
place, although not so much through books, as through the internet. Indeed, you can almost go to the internet and
read up anything. I can read the New York Times right here in my room. So, the book culture hasnít died. Itís just that it is now coming in a new
package.

Q: In Nigeria, today, it is practically impossible for anyone to make a living from a writing career.
In several other nations, people rush into bookshops to grab new publications on the shelves. Enthusiasm towards
reading seems to be totally lacking in this country.What do you think accounts for this?

A: Well, this is part of the devastation
of the intellectual culture by the military in our country. You know, in the past, to become a soldier was like:
well what else can I do if I canít go to school? So,

such a person joins the army. The soldiers were generally seen as people that swaggered and made a lot of noise
that lacked substance. When then the military grabbed power, they grabbed literally everything, and almost succeeded
in devastating the [intellectual] culture. They devastated the universities, the schools, promoted the wielding
of raw power, and glorified money and all that. Of course, you know that the military seems to be made up of mostly
people who lack refinement. Once they got hold of the gun, they felt they had become almighty and also omniscient.
But we have all since realized that this wasnít the way to go.

Unfortunately, some
of our great intellectuals capitulated to the intimidation and power wielded by these riffraff. That is why people
like Ofia Nwali and Ukpabi Asika, operating
under the aegis of the military, helped to devastate our schools, a situation we are yet to recover from. As you
might recall, at some point, due to the commander-in-chief syndrome introduced by the army, young people even began to imitate the-commanders-in-chief. On
the campuses, they were no longer interested in acquiring knowledge that came from reading books. Lecturers began
to relax; incidents of cultism increased. And the head of the cult became more important than the head of the department
or even the vice-chancellor. People were intimidated, because one cannot fight people wielding guns and knives.
You canít fight them with ideas they canít understand.

So, this is what happened;
the projection of the roughshod military as a model for Nigerians caused a great erosion, a real hemorrhage, in
our value system. Instead of reading books, for instance, people preferred to count money, even if ill gotten,
wield guns about, purchase cars and flashy gadgets. Even ď419Ē fraudsters have members of the military guarding
them. This is to show that they indeed Ďhave arrived.í
So, intellectualism began to be considered as something that needed to be done away with.

On Himself

Q. How would you describe
Archbishop Obinna?

A. Archbishop Obinna is just an ordinary
human being, created in the image and likeness of God, like you and the rest of mankind, who has been given this
privilege of coming to be in a position of service to God and humanity. So, Iím just a servant of God, seeking
by Godís grace and the help of my brothers and sisters to do my little bit to fulfill the will of God and make
my world, the place where I live and work, a better place for all of us, as much as lies in my power. There are
no illusions about who I am. I am just a servant who is asking the Lord constantly to help me to live up to expectation
and not be a disappointment, so that others can find encouragement from my service to also do the will of God and
help the world to be a better place.

Hobbies

Q.What are your hobbies?

A. My hobbies? Well reading, reading and
reading!!! Now and again I take a walk because to keep alive is also part of my hobby; to take a walk around my
surroundings, look up to the skies and admire the beauty of creation, listen to the birds. I no longer have enough
time now, but there was a time I used to listen to the birds sing, and from that, I would pick up the melody and
turn it into words. I just love Godís creation. So, itís part of my joy. Thinking is both a serious preoccupation
and hobby for me. You know, jotting a few things down, now and again. But it has suffered too. I used to play soccer
and tennis. My table tennis board is equally suffering. Each time, I am sure it laments the lack of my regular
company any more. I just love the world, everything around me. So, my hobby is to be appreciative of the universe
and people; to do whatever I can to make people happy and relaxed, and to share life with people.

On The Interview Series

Q. Thank you very much,
Your Grace. I am sure you would want to share with us your feeling about the Chinua Achebe Foundation interview
project.

Well, Iím excited about it and Achebe being
the Iroko of a man that he is, a man who responded to my call to give the Odenigbo Lecture in 1999, Iíve been very much delighted that he continues to push ideas and to sustain
this elevation of the mind beyond the decay around us. So, he is a man to whom the Igbo world, the African world,
and, in fact, humanity at large owe so much to, so, I believe in these causes that Achebe continues to pilot and
espouse. So, Achebe continues to fly. And I pray the Lord to bless him, so that he would continue to soar and attract
the best minds, hoping that this gingering of Nigerian minds will lead to eventual transformation, because that
has always been his desire -- the writer as a reformer, thinker and moral persuader. So, I pray the Lord to bless
him and bless the Series. I must say that I am delighted to be part of it. I donít know what credentials enabled
me to be part of it, but in any case, it is an honour for me to be part of this Chinua Achebe Foundation Interview
Series. And God bless you for coming.

Q. Thank you very much,
Your Grace; I highly appreciate the time you
gave us.

Disclaimer: The views expressed in the interview are not necessarily those of the Chinua Achebe Foundation.
The Chinua Achebe Foundation, an intellectual and cultural organization, believes in the right of every Nigerian
to express their opinion.