The question of “which differences make a difference” is being radically redefined by algorithmic logics and machine learning technologies. This project plans to take a leading role in reshaping thought around social difference in the digital age, informing the powerful work of computer scientists, engineers, and statisticians by engaging participation of historians, sociologists, philosophers, critical theorists, and others trained in exploring questions of social difference and justice, while developing critical tools for intervention in research, public policy, and activism.