The materialized_view_optimization option lets you specify the circumstances under which the optimizer can use stale materialized
views.

Data in a materialized view becomes stale when data in any of the base tables referenced by the materialized view is updated.
You should consider the acceptable degree of data staleness when deciding the refresh frequency for the materialized view,
and the time it takes to refresh the view, since the view is not available for querying during the refresh process. You should
also consider whether it is acceptable for the database server to return results that may not reflect the current state of
the database. You can choose from the following settings for this option:

Disabled
Do not use materialized views for query optimization.

Fresh
Use a materialized view only if it is fresh (data in underlying tables has not been modified since the view was last
refreshed).

Stale
Use materialized views even if they are stale. This is the default setting.

N { Minute[s] | Hour[s] | Day[s] | Week[s] | Month[s] }
Use fresh and stale materialized views, as long as the stale materialized views have been refreshed within the specified
time period. Values specified in minutes must be less than 231 minutes. The database server treats a week as 7 days and a month as 30 days.

When a query directly references a materialized view, the view is used regardless of staleness; the materialized_view_optimization
option has no effect in this case.