Regional and Field Offices

New England Region

New England Regional Office (Region I) (ME, VT, NH, MA, CT, RI)

New England Region Case Highlights

Groton, Connecticut

Near the end of the 2012 school year, the city of Groton, Connecticut, announced the closure of several inner-city middle schools, as well as the consolidation of a number of others, due to budgetary constraints. Students who attended the affected schools were reassigned to other educational institutions, which were located in suburban communities. The schools to be closed or consolidated were primarily attended by African American and Latino American youth, while the suburban schools served predominantly Caucasian communities. Community tension increased as a result of the impending demographic changes, and, in May 2012, a local community organization and school district officials requested CRS's assistance in reducing the tension and fostering an atmosphere of respect and acceptance for all students, regardless of race, color or national origin. In October 2012, several weeks after the 2013 school year began, CRS conducted a Student Problem Identification and Resolution of Issues Together (SPIRIT) program at one of the impacted schools. The SPIRIT aided students in recognizing issues related to differences in race, color, and national origin, and assisted them in developing long-term solutions. In addition, the SPIRIT provided students with a forum to communicate with the school administrators about relevant school district policies.

Boston, Massachusetts

On April 15, 2013, two bombs exploded during the running of the annual Boston Marathon in Boston, Massachusetts. Three people were killed, and hundreds of bystanders were injured. The incident was determined to be a terror attack by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and several days later, two brothers of Muslim descent were publicly identified as suspects. On April 18, shortly after the release of the suspects' photographs, the brothers allegedly killed a security guard at a local university and exchanged gunfire with police offices in Watertown, Massachusetts. During the firefight, one of the suspects was killed. On April 19, 2013, the city of Boston and the surrounding communities were placed under an unprecedented lockdown, as authorities searched for the remaining brother. By the end of the day, the second suspect had been found and taken into police custody. The Boston Marathon Bombing, and the subsequent manhunt, sparked fear of reprisal attacks among Muslim and Sikh communities, not only in the greater Boston area, but nationwide.

In the New England Region, CRS services were requested by national Muslim organizations, that expressed concerns regarding possible reprisal attacks against their members. In response to the request, CRS monitored reports of hate crimes against Muslim and Sikh community members. The Agency also performed outreach to other Muslim organizations and Sikh Gurdwaras to listen to community concerns and to ensure that community members knew how and who to contact at local law enforcement agencies. In addition, CRS facilitated a dialogue with the United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and local Arab, Muslim, and Sikh communities to discuss the events surrounding the bombings, as well as the communities' subsequent concerns. Several months after the bombings, CRS convened a meeting, at the request of the Boston Police Commissioner, with law enforcement and local Islamic leaders, in order to increase communication and trust between the police and community members. The United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts and the FBI Special Agent in Charge of the FBI's Boston Office also attended the meeting.

In Des Moines, Washington, CRS assisted the Ahmadiyya Muslim community in organizing a blood drive to improve relations with law enforcement and other area communities. Local Arab and Muslim communities experienced an increase in hate crimes in the wake of September 11, 2001, and the communities feared they would suffer similar reprisal actions following the Boston Marathon Bombing. CRS developed a working group with the United States Attorney's Office for the Western District of Washington, area law enforcement, members of a local blood center, and leaders of the Ahmadiyya Muslim community. The event was titled "Muslims for Life" and was held in September 2013.

In addition to the greater Boston area and Des Moines, Washington, CRS also conducted outreach and responded to requesets for assistance in New Jersey, Maryland, and Colorado. The Agency met with local, state, and federal law enforcement in the states, as well as facilitated dialogues and convened meetings with Muslim community members. The Agency also provided best practices to law enforcement on engaging Arab, Muslim, and Sikh community members and training on preventing racial profiling.

Dover, New Hampshire

In May 2013, the New Hampshire Branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) requested CRS services, in response to complaints the organization had received regarding alleged racial conflicts at a local correctional facility. The altercations reportedly occurred not only between inmates and correctional officers, but also among the staff members themselves, and involved the use of racial slurs toward African American and Latino individuals. CRS met with facility officials and members of the NAACP, and conducted an on-site assessment at the prison. The Agency then facilitated several dialogues that resulted in an agreement to have CRS provide several Cultural Awareness and Professionalism Programs for the entire prison staff, including nursing, maintenance, and administrative personnel. CRS services improved trust and opened communication among the facility's correctional officers, and prison officials committed to collaborating with community stakeholders in resolving future conflicts.

East Haven, Connecticut

In January 2013, a federal investigation against the East Haven Police Department, concluded in the arrest of four officers. The officers were accused of violating the civil rights of minority communities, including profiling and assaulting members of the Latino American community. In addition to the arrests, the investigation resulted in a Settlement Agreement between the town of East Haven and the East Haven Police Department, that addressed community perceptions of discrimination and bias on the part of law enforcement. The United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division asked CRS to assist in implementing several provisions within the Agreement, including providing training for law enforcement officers. In response to the request, CRS conducted a series of all-day Anti-Racial Profiling and Bias-Based Policing Trainings for the entire staff of the Police Department, as well as a series of Cultural Awareness and Competency Programs for officers. CRS services resulted in improved understanding by law enforcement of what constitutes racial profiling and bias-based policing, as well as better understanding and communication between the Police Department and the communities it serves.

Northeastern Region

Northeastern Regional Office (Region II) (NY, NJ, VI, PR)

Northeastern Region Case Highlights

New York & New Jersey

Following the landfall of Hurricane Sandy, CRS's Northeastern Regional Office fully deployed throughout New York and New Jersey to provide emergency service referrals and facilitate dialogues stemming from allegations about the disparate provision of services in areas most affected by the storm. In New York, CRS met with leaders of the Shinnecock Indian Nation in Southampton, New York. Although electricity had been restored to their community, the Nation expressed concern that they had not received adequate information from the Southampton Office of Emergency Management (OEM) during the storm preparation phase. CRS conveyed this concern to local law enforcement, as well as the Suffolk County Office of Emergency Management, to improve communication between the parties in the event of future disasters. CRS also met with the Unkechaug Indian Nation in Mastic, New York. Like the Shinnecock Nation, the Unkechaug leaders felt they had not received sufficient informtion prior to Hurricane Sandy's arrival. In addition, they had experienced extensive property damage and had a great need for recovery services. CRS worked with the Unkechaug Nation and the local Office of Emergency Management to ensure that the community had access to relief services, and to address the need for improved communication for future disaster relief and preparation. In New Jersey, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) asked for CRS's assistance in reaching out to communities in affected areas that, due to cultural or language barriers, might be reticent to ask for assistance. CRS worked closely with specialists from FEMA to identify community leaders, contact grassroots organizations, and inform communities of available resources.

Long Island, New York

In 2013, CRS responded to community tensions in the Shinnecock Indian Nation, stemming from concerns that law enforcement officials were not responding to an increase in reported crime and related public safety concerns. In particular, the Shinnecock National Board of Trustees expressed anxiety about the reported proliferation of illegal guns on the reservation, which, according to community leaders, were being utilized to intimidate members of the Nation. CRS facilitated the creation of a federal law enforcement working group with the Shinnecock Nation, whic included the United States Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of New York, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Suffolk County District Attorney's Office, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF). The working group regularly convened meetings to share information and develop strategies for ensuring the policing needs of the Shinnecock Indian Nation were being met. In addition, representatives from the working group held public community forums, allowing members of the Nation the opportunity to express their concerns and hear what actions law enforcement was taking to resolve the issues. The New York State Police later joined the group in an effort to build stronger relationships with Shinnecock Nation leaders. As a result of CRS's involvement, public safety concerns of Nation members have decreased, and police-community relations have improved. The parties continue to collaborate independently on resolving community concerns.

Brooklyn, New York

In March 2013, the fatal shooting of an African American youth by members of the New York Police Department (NYPD) resulted in high tension between the African American and Caribbean American communities and law enforcement, in the East Flatbush neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. During the ensuing weeks, tension escalated among various community stakeholders, including local city officials, law enforcement representatives, community members, and local and national civil rights advocacy groups. CRS met with African American clergy, elected officials, and local community leaders to provide conciliation services and assist in reducing tensions throughout the East Flatbush community. In addition, during a tense week of marches, demonstrations and vigils by local youth, community members, and local and national civil rights organizations, CRS was onsite to provide self-marshaling training to organizers and share best practices for ensuring the accurate and timely dispersal of information to community leaders, law enforcement, and city officials. CRS services helped ease community tension and improved communication between law enforcement and the communities in East Flatbush.

New York, New York

In the Spring of 2013, CRS was approached by local African American community leaders to provide consultation services on developing and implementing a multi-ethnic, community-based, anti-violence program, to combat alleged multi-racial youth violence and strained police-community relations in Harlem, New York. The community leaders envisioned a program founded on the University of Chicago Cure Violence model, which approaches community violence as a learned behavior that can be prevented by the utilization of disease control methods. In response to the request, CRS facilitated several meetings with the community leaders, local clergy, civil rights organizations, and other interested stakeholders. As a result of their meetings, the parties agreed to create a Memorandum of Understanding that would outline the role each party would play in the program. In collaboration with leaders from Man Up in Harlem, a faith-based anti-violence program; Harlem Congregations for Community Improvement, a faith-based housing corporation; and community advocates from Cure violence, CRS structured a Memorandum that addressed issues including funding, organization, daily operations, and the locations of program centers. CRS services led to increased communication between the parties and local law enforcement, as well as the development of new collaborations to prevent and respond to future community conflicts.

San Juan, Puerto Rico

In fiscal year 2013, CRS was contacted by Dominican community leaders in San Juan, Puerto Rico, who alleged that Dominican community members were frequently racially profiled and discriminated against by the San Juan Municipal Police Department (SJMPD). The community leaders further claimed that individuals of Dominican descent frequently experienced stigmatization, stereotyping, prejudice, and exclusion by other San Juan communities, due to their African origins. They asked that CRS assist their community in improving its relations with law enforcement and ensuring the safety and security of its members. After communicating with the parties, CRS facilitated a Racial Profiling Training for Dominican community members, representatives of the Dominican Consulate, and 35 law enforcement officers in the SJMPD, including high ranking officials and the newly-assigned Community Affairs officers. During the training session, the parties agreed to create a Memorandum of Understanding, aimed at increasing communication, cooperation, and collaboration between the Dominican community and the SJMPD. The Memorandum helped establish a strong working relationship between the parties, and they continue to work together to address issues and concerns.

Syracuse, New York

In May 2013, CRS was contacted by the Syracuse Chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and local African American community leaders regarding perceived disparities in the suspension and expulsion rates of African American and Latino American students in a Syracuse school district. The community's concerns were furthered by the results of a study conducted by the University of California, Los Angeles, which reported that African American students were suspended at an average rate more than seven times greater than that of Caucasian students in the same school districts. In response to the request, CRS facilitated dialogues with school district officials, the NAACP, community leaders, and the National Action Network, a non-profit, civil rights organization. As a result of the meetings, the school officials commissioned their own study of suspension and expulsion rates within the district, in order to determine the veracity of the allegations. CRS also provided district officials and law enforcement with information and best practices on instating a School Resource Officers (SRO) Program in the district. As a result of CRS services, tension in the community decreased and the parties continued to collaborate toward establishing a SRO program in the district.

Mid-Atlantic Region

Mid-Atlantic Regional Office (Region III) ( DC, DE, MD, PA, VA, WV)

Mid-Atlantic Region Case Highlights

Laurel, Maryland

In August 2012, an officer with the Laurel Police Department was filmed striking a restrained, African American male. The incident resulted in tension among community leaders, who viewed the beating as an excessive use of force. CRS met with members of the African American community, representatives from the Prince George's County Chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), city officials, and law enforcement to discuss not only the incident, but also long-standing community perceptions of poor police-community relations. In January 2013, CRS facilitated a mediation between city law enforcement officials and the Prince George's NAACP, which resulted in a Mediated Agreement. The Agreement contained numerous policy changes that were to be enacted, a strategy for improved communication and collaboration between the NAACP and law enforcement, and suggested trainings for both parties. CRS services resulted in decreased community tension, renewed trust in law enforcement, and continued collaboration among community stakeholders to resolve future conflicts.

Charlottesville, Virginia

In August 2012, CRS was contacted by the Charlottesville Human Relations Task Force for assistance in the creation of a Human Relations Commission (HRC). CRS facilitated dialogues with city officials, community leaders, and civil rights organizations to establish a consensus on the components and structure of the HRC, as well as its role in the community. In addition, CRS helped mediate community disagreement over the enforcement power of the Commission. In May 2013, the City of Charlottesville, Virginia, signed into law a new ordinance establishing the Charlottesville Human Rights Commission.

East Norriton, Pennsylvania

In March 2013, the newly-formed East Norriton Human Relations Commission (HRC) asked CRS to perform a Train-the-Trainer program on racial profiling for its newly-appointed commissioners, the township's law enforcement, and neighboring human relations commissions' representatives. The East Norriton Human Relations Commission requested the training, in order to establish its own training service for the commissioners and law enforcement officials, on issues related to racial-profiling and community-based policing. East Norriton and the surrounding communities were experiencing large-scale, demographic changes, and community members expressed concern that tension between law enforcement and Hispanic and Latino community members in a neighboring town would impact East Norriton residents. In April 2013, CRS conducted a Train-the-Trainer Hate program on "Responding to Allegations of Racial Profiling: Building Trust Between the Police and the Community." Attendees included members of the HRC, the Chief of Police, ranking law enforcement officers, the town's manager, the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and a neighboring town's HRC. In addition to the program, CRS provided information on the Agency's services, listened to the issues and concerns voiced by the participants, and shared best practices and resources for reducing community tension. As a result of CRS involvement, the commissioners have more access to available resources to prevent and respond to community tension.

Washington, DC

In July 2013, CRS received a request from the National Action Network, a civil rights organization, to conduct a CRS Self-Marshal Training for organizers of the 50th Anniversary of the March on Washington. In response to the request, CRS provided multiple sessions of the training to event organizers, and was on-site during the event to serve as a liaison between organizers, participants, and local and federal law enforcement. The commemoration march proceeded without incident.

Southeastern Field Office

Southeastern Region Case Highlights

Sanford, Florida

On February 19, 2012, Trayvon Martin, a teenager visiting his father in Sanford, Florida, was shot and killed by George Zimmerman, a neighborhood watch volunteer. Immediately following the shooting, Zimmerman was questioned by members of the Sanford Police Department, who declined to charge him in Martin's death.

Martin was a 17-year old African American male; Zimmerman was an adult male of Caucasian and Peruvian descent. These differences, combined with other details in the case, resulted in considerable tensions between the local African American community and the Sanford Police Department. Extensive national media coverage spurred public demonstrations and tensions in communities across the country. Individuals and organizations, intent on influencing the situation or bringing attention to their causes, descended on Sanford, placing the city at the center of a national race-based controversy.

In the aftermath of the shooting, CRS dispatched a team of Conciliation Specialists to Sanford to work with national and local civil-rights leadership, community members, the U.S. Attorney for the district, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and city, state, and local law enforcement to prevent violence, reduce tensions, and build local capacity to address the underlying sentiments about race that some community members believe contributed to the delay in charging Zimmerman with Martin's death. CRS also worked with national and local leaders and police officials, including the FBI, to ensure a coordinated response to three large marches and demonstrations, and negotiated a peaceful end to a student-led sit-in in front of Sanford Police Headquarters. In addition, CRS facilitated discussions between city officials and demonstrators; established an alliance of clergy leaders to help bring the city's communities together; implemented rumor-control measures; and consulted with local officials to determine best practices.

During George Zimmerman's trial in 2013, CRS worked with the Sanford Police Department and the Seminole County Sheriff to ensure protests and demonstratiosn were peaceful. CRS also facilitated community education sessions to inform community members on the judicial process, and met with visiting pastors and community leaders who desired to attend the trial. In addition, CRS conciliators opened lines of communication between religious leaders, law enforcement officials and local government officials in other key communities in Florida to assess tension and the potential for conflict during the trial and after the verdict.

Following the acquittal of George Zimmerman in July 2013, CRS facilitated a community event at a local house of worship, that gave community members an opportunity to express their feelings about the verdict. CRS continues to work with Sanford city officials and community and religious leaders to hold community dialogues on race and establish a Community Relations Board.

Brookhaven, Mississippi

In 2012, the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the parents of African American students, and leaders of various community organizations alleged disparate treatment toward African American students in a Brookhaven school district. The allegations included a disproportionate discipline rate, lack of cultural sensitivity among teachers and administrators, low academic achievement by minority students, and the underrepresentation of people of color in the school district staff. In response to the perceived inequities, CRS faciliated a community forum at a local church. Over 200 people attended, including the Superintendent of the school district, NAACP representatives, the Chief of Police, and the County Sheriff. In addition, CRS assisted the NAACP and the school district in developing a Memorandum of Understanding, addressing complaints by the African American community and ensuring equal treatment and access to resources to all students, regardless of race or color. The Memorandum was signed at a school district meeting in October 2012.

Raleigh, North Carolina

In the Autumn of 2012, the Raleigh Police Department's Crisis Intervention Team asked CRS for assistance in improving the Department's cultural sensitivity to minority communities, in an effort to improve police-community relations and prevent conflict. The inquiry was in response to increasing tension between law enforcement and Latino, African American, Sikh, Muslim, and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) communities. In November, CRS facilitated a dialogue with the Crisis Intervention Team, the local Human Relations Commission, and several LGBT advocacy organizations, during which the Agency shared best practices regarding the correct language and terminology to use when interacting with LGBT communities. In addition to the dialogue, CRS also provided an Arab, Muslim, and Sikh (AMS) Cultural Awareness Program for the Crisis Intervention Team, as well as trainings on racial profiling and cultural professionalism. As a result of CRS services, there is increased police department awareness of the cultural norms of various communities, and a reported reduction in tension between law enforcement and the transgender community. In addition, CRS provided many officers with their first opportunity to have a question and answer session with a member of the LGBT community.

Port Orange, Florida

In February 2013, a Sikh man was shot, allegedly at random, in Port Orange, Florida. Following the shooting, the local Sikh and Hindu communities expressed fear that acts of violence against their community members would increase if the incident was not investigated by law enforcement as a hate crime. National Sikh advocacy organizations and the Interfaith Council of Central Florida mobilized to work with the Port Orange Police Department, school district and local businesses, as well as Sikh and Hindu communities, in implementing a community-based mechanism for preventing further bias-based violence. CRS provided technical assistance and consultation services to the parties in developing action plans, as well as facilitated a dialogue between local and national Sikh community leaders; local, state and federal law enforcement; and school district administrators. Additionally, in response to a request by the Sikh Foundation in Central Florida, CRS facilitated a Hate Crimes Prevention Act forum, which included panelists from various national Sikh advocacy organizations. The forum was attended by 125 people, including a Congressional representative. As a result of CRS services, the parties implemented a multi-agency action plan to help reduce fear in reporting bias-based incidents, as well as a rumor control mechanism. CRS services also opened lines of communication between law enforcement and Sikh and Hindu community members, and increased the communities' access to victim advocacy programs.

Marshall County, Tennessee

During the summer of 2013, community tension rose in Lewisburg, Tennessee, due to allegations by the Marshall County Branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) of disparate treatment towards African American students. The NAACP's accusations included: teachers, administrators, and counselors lacked cultural sensitivity; African American students were wrongly placed in special education programs; African American male students were more harshly disciplined than Caucasian students; African American students were not placed in advanced placement programs; school teachers did not address reports of racial slurs against African American students; and school district administrators did not hire a diverse work force. In July, CRS met with members of the NAACP and the Marshall County School District, and conducted a community forum that was attended by approximately 70 community members, including city officials and representatives from national civil rights organizations. The discussion and forum allowed community members and leaders the opportunity to voice their anxieties and identify their primary issues of concern. In September, CRS facilitated a mediation session between the NAACP and representatives from the Marshall County School District. Through the mediation, the parties came to a mutual agreement on seven key issues they believe would help address allegations of race discrimination, disparate treatment of African American students, cultural sensitivity, and disproportionate suspension rates of African American students. These issues were included in a Memorandum of Understanding that was signed by the parties. CRS also conducted a Cultural Professionalism and Conflict Resolution Training for the school district's principals, vice principals, and administrative staff.

Midwestern Field Office

Midwestern Region Case Highlights

Saginaw, Michigan

In July 2012, a 49-year old African American male died after being shot 40 times by Saginaw police officers. The incident led to several months of escalating tension between various community stakeholders, including local city officials, law enforcement representatives, African American community members, inter-faith leaders, and heads of national and local civil rights advocacy organizations. During the fall and winter of 2012, CRS convened a series of conciliation meetings among all the parties, which resulted in formal mediation sessions between members of the African American community and the Saginaw Police Department. In April 2013, the mediation sessions culminated in a Mediated Agreement, which formalized the creation, scope, and structure of a Citizen's Police Advisory Committee, as part of a long-term strategy to build community capacity and strengthen police-community relationships. The Citizens' Police Advisory Committee is comprised of community and law enforcement leaders committed to working proactively to address perceptions of police bias and excessive use of force, and will provide training for both law enforcement officers and community members. CRS services led to decreased community conflict and tensions, renewed trust between law enforcement and the African America community, and a mechanism for continued collaboration among community stakeholders to resolve future conflicts and tension.

Oak Creek, Wisconsin

In August 2012, an alleged white supremacist shot and killed six worshippers when he attacked a Sikh Gurdwara in Oak Creek, Wisconsin. In the immediate aftermath of the shooting, CRS contacted local and national Sikh organizations, Offices for the United States Attorneys, and numerous federal and local officials to facilitate communication between Sikh communities and law enforcement.

In fiscal year 2013, CRS continued to work with Arab, Muslim, and Sikh communities to ease tension following the shootings at the Gurdwara. In Oak Creek, CRS facilitated a six-month follow-up meeting with Sikh community leaders, local and federal law enforcement, emergency response agencies, school officials, and the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Wisconsin to assess continued community needs and tensions. CRS also provided conciliation services and technical assistance for vigils and commemorative events that marked the one year anniversary of the shooting in both Oak Creek and Milwaukee. In addition, the Agency facilitated dialogues with leaders of various faith communities and law enforcement to address concerns leaders had expressed for their community members' safety. The dialogues led to a commitment from the religious leaders to provide cultural competency training on their customs and norms to law enforcement and city officials.

Also in 2013, CRS worked with other religious communities who expressed fear that attacks similar to the Oak Creek shooting could occur in their community. For example, in Milwaukee, CRS services were requested by the Milwaukee Police Department, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the Coptic Church of Milwaukee, in response to community concerns regarding alleged threatening activity against the Coptic congregation. The incidents reportedly included anonymous emails warning of violence against the community and the inclusion of a congregation member's name on a "hit list" for his work in allegedly converting individuals to the Coptic faith. In response to the community's apprehension, CRS convened an interfaith security forum with members of over 50 congregations, including the Amish, Rastafarian, Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, and Hindu faiths. Representatives from the FBI, the United States Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Wisconsin, and local law enforcement also attended. The purpose of the forum was to provide communities with information on law enforcement services and best practices for houses of worship in ensuring safety and responding to hate incidents and threats.

Detroit, Michigan

In 2012, the closing of the only school for deaf children in Detroit, Michigan, sparked tension and protestes among various community stakeholders, including the parents of disabled and special needs children, Detroit Public School's law enforcement officers, and disability advocacy organizations. CRS facilitated several discussions between parents, disability and special needs advocacy organizations, school district officials, and a representative from the State of Michigan Disability Council, which ultimately resulted in a mediated agreement between the represented parties to formalize a Task Force. The Task Force was designed to ensure the parties worked together to address concerns about placing students with special needs in the general school population would leave them susceptible to bullying, harassment, and violence.

Corydon, Indiana

In October 2012, a biracial, high school student in Corydon, Indiana, discovered a noose hanging in her school locker. The two students determined to be responsible for the offensive object were suspended by school administrators, and it was alleged that one of the suspended students had used racial epithets with the female student on previous occasions. After the incident, the biracial student's mother started a community petition demanding that racial discrimination in schools be addressed. In response to the petition, the school district's Superintendent requested CRS's assistance in addressing perceived racial discrimiantion and animus in the student body. In January 2013, CRS conducted a two-day Student Problem Identification and Resolution of Issues Together (SPIRIT) program for over 20 student participants from two area high schools. On the first day of the program, students identified over 44 concerns or problem areas with the school district. The nine issues identified by the students as being of highest concern were addressed on the second day of the SPIRIT. As a result of the program, race relations in the school district were improved, and tension was reduced among area high school students.

Appleton, Wisconsin

In May 2013, CRS was contacted by members of the Hmong 18 Clan Council of Wisconsin, regarding alleged reports from Hmong hunters and fisherman of harassment, intimidation, and threats by Caucasian individuals and hunting clubs. They were worried that the rising tension between the Hmong and white community members would develop into violence if left unchecked. The Council convened its Council of Elders in order to address the above concerns in preparation for the upcoming hunting season, and to equip Hmong community members with the information necessary to diffuse and avoid tension with the predominantly Caucaisan hunting and fishing clubs. In July 2013, CRS facilitated a race dialogue with Hmong elders from the Hmong 18 Clan Council. The discussion focused on the need for training on conflict-resolution and non-directive mediation models for Clan Elders who determine dispute outcomes and provide guidance for the Hmong community on conflicts between Hmong Clan groups. Participants also discussed the need for expanded dialogue with Caucasian hunting and fishing clubs, in order to build trust and prevent confrontations in the fall and winter hunting and fishing seasons.

In addition, CRS aided the Hmong communities and Appleton officials in coordinating the annual Midwestern Hmong Tournament, a traditional gathering of Hmong Clans across the Midwest, during which clans compete in athletic events including football, soccer, and volleyball, as well as engage in hunting, fishing, and dancing. CRS provided consultation services to local officials in the form of best practices and contingency planning, to ensure adequate police presence for accommodating traffic and crowds. The Agency also facilitated a separate dialogue with Hmong leadership, local law enforcement, and conservation groups, during which the parties discussed poaching, licensing requirements, and hunting and fishing safety during the events. In addition, CRS coordinated a dialogue with the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Wisconsin, who provided opening remarks at the Tournament, and contacted a local diversity council to notify community members of the event. An estimated 4,000 participants attended the Tournament.

Southwestern Field Office

Southwestern Region Case Highlights

Arlington, Texas

In February 2012, the Chief of the Arlington Police Department requested CRS assistance in addressing heightened tension between law enforcement and minority communities. The tension was reportedly caused by perceived poor police-community relations and allegations of excessive use of force by officers against members of the African American community. In response to the request, during fiscal years 2012 and 2013, CRS conducted four Train-the-Trainer programs for law enforcement, addressing how to hold race relations dialogues in communities. The Arlington Police Department then partnered with a ministerial alliance representing various faiths, and together the parties conducted 12 dialogues throughout the city. The purpose of the discussions was to identify and gather information related to community concerns. Using the information garnered through the dialogues, the parties then created an action plan to address the identified issues. In addition, CRS provided mediation services that resulted in a signed proclamation between the Chief of Police and concerned clergy, addressing the development of the newly established community partnership.

New Orleans, Louisiana

Over the past three years, CRS has provided consultation, training, and facilitated dialogue services to city and law enforcement officials in New Orleans, in accordance with a Department of Justice consent decree, requiring the city to create Public Community Advisory Boards (PCABs). Through the efforts of CRS, city officials and the United States Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Louisiana, eight seven-member Boards were developed, along with a policy manual outlining the mission, goals, and objectives of the PCABs. In July 2013, CRS assisted government officials in conducting the third in a series of training sessions for district commanders, community outreach officers, and PCAB volunteers, to ensure a full understanding of the newly developed manual. Each PCAB was created to facilitate interaction between the New Orleans Police Department and a committee of citizens, which is representative of a cross-section of the community. The Boards will assist the Police Department in establishing the highest standards of police accountability and reestablishing the public's trust in law enforcement.

Marion, Texas

In February 2012, a noose and a note containing racial slurs were allegeldy found near the car of an African American high school student. Leaders of the local African American community voiced concerns about the incident, as well as other previous perceived occurences of racism and bullying in the school district. From the end of fiscal year 2012, into the beginning of fiscal yar 2013, CRS facilitated dialogues between the school district officials and representatives from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The dialogues resulted in a resolution to apply a standard of equitable practices and fair treatment toward every individual, regardless of his or her race, color, national origin, gender, religion, or disability.

Kyle, Texas

In Kyle, Texas, tension levels rose in the African American community, following the arrest of a Hispanic and a Caucasian high school student, in fiscal year 2013. The students were accused of writing racially-charged graffiti on the classroom door of the sole African American teacher in the high school. District administrators contacted CRS and requested conflict resolution services. CRS facilitated discussions with school district officials, which resulted in an action plan to provide a Cultural Competency Training for district employees, as well as Train-the-Trainer sessions for school counselors. As a result of CRS services, the school board created a new policy, requiring all individuals employed by the school district to participate in Cultural Competency trainings.

Jonesboro, Arkansas

In August 2012, the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Arkansas and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) requested CRS's assistance in addressing heightened tension between law enforcement and the African American community, after an African American man allegedly committed suicide while in police custody. According to reports, the individual was arrested, placed in the back of a police vehicle, and then fatally shot himself in the head. African American community members expressed outrage and suspicion over the man's death. CRS facilitated a community dialogue forum and several meetings between the NAACP, religious leaders, local and federal law enforcement, and community members. The parties subsequently agreed to create a community coalition, consisting of the United States Attorney's Office, local judges, school officials, ministers, community leaders, the NAACP, and city officials, to address the community tension in a collaborative manner. The coalition drafted a proclamation, signed in February 2013, in which the parties agreed to work together to overcome perceptions of inequitable treatment against minorities in the future.

Palestine, Texas

In February 2013, CRS's services were requested by the City Manager of Palestine, to reduce tension in the African American community, following an announcement by the Sons of the Confederacy of its intention to construct a memorial near the site where African Americans were lynched during the Civil War. CRS facilitated dialogues with the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Texas, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), city and state officials, African American community leaders, law enforcement, and members of the Sons of the Confederacy, and provided self-marshaling training for community members, religious leaders, and representatives from the NAACP. In addition, CRS monitored a demonstration, which included protesters and counter-protesters, during the dedication of the memorial. The parties agreed to continue to work together to improve relations between the Sons of the Confederacy and the local African American community.

Dallas, Texas

In April 2013, CRS was asked by several Hispanic civil rights organizations to provide self-marshaling training and technical assistance during an immigration reform rally in Dallas. CRS convened the parties and provided consultation services to assist law enforcement officials and event organizers in ensuring open and effective communication, both before and during the rally. CRS was also on-site the day of the event, to conduct self-marshaling training, provide a federal presence, and monitor for jurisdictional conflicts. Between 5,000 and 6,000 people are estimated to have attended the rally, including Hispanic; African American; Anglo; Asian; Arab, Muslim and Sikh (AMS); and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community members. State and local government officials, including a member of Congress, were also present. The event proceeded without incident.

Central Region

Central Regional Office (Region VII) (IA, KS, MO, NE)

Central Region Case Highlights

Noel, Missouri

In 2012, rapidly changing demographics caused community tension to rise in Noel, Missouri, as numerous Somali, Hispanic, Asian, and Pacific Islander individuals moved to the predominantly Caucasian area in search of job opportunities. In July 2012, CRS met with city officials, business owners, and school district representatives, as well as leaders of the Hispanic and Somali communities, to identify issues and concerns. Initially, CRS determined that an Arab, Muslim, and Sikh (AMS) training program would benefit the community by providing an understanding of cultural and religious differences; however, tumultuous political changes altered the Agency's approach. In June 2013, CRS facilitated a meeting between city officials and Somali community members, and coordinated a civil rights training provided by the United States Attorney's Office for the Western District of Missouri and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), to address discrimination and hate crime prevention. Almost 100 Somali residents and other Noel community members attended the program, which was held in the local Somali Community Center. The training addressed community concerns regarding the meaning and protection of civil rights, and informed participants of possible resources to utilize in resolving the related issues and concerns. As a result of CRS efforts, communication between the parties improved.

Waterloo, Iowa

In November 2012, a Waterloo, Iowa, police officer responded to a call reporting gunfire at a night club and observed an African American male pointing a gun at a crowd. The man reportedly ignored the officer's demands to surrender the firearm, and was subsequently shot and killed by law enforcement. Prior to the shooting, several complaints had been filed by African American community members against the police department, alleging misconduct on the part of law enforcement. Many community members believed that these complaints had never been satisfactorily addressed. Due to the perceived history of inaction by law enforcement, community leaders feared that police would not conduct a fair investigation into the shooting, and that the town's elected and civic leaders would not address their concerns about racial profiling and bias-based policing. In February 2013, CRS facilitated the development of a Collaborative Action Plan between the City of Waterloo, the Waterloo Human Rights Commission, and leaders from the local branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The plan addressed the perceived disparate treatment and excessive force complaints, and provided for the parties to continue to work together to address perceptions of bias-based policing.

Sidney, Nebraska

In March 2013, the prosecutor for Cheyenne County, Nebraska, charged a male individual with assaulting another man, based on the alleged victim's sexual orientation. After news of the charges was publicized, the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community in western Nebraska expressed concern that its members might be targeted for further bias-based assaults. CRS collaborated with a regional LGBT organization to sponsor a Hate Crimes/Bias Incident Forum between law enforcement and leaders of communities protected under the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act. The CRS facilitated forum ultimately led to the United States Attorney for the District of Nebraska to convene a Hate Crimes Task Force to enhance reporting, investigation and prosecution of hate crimes, coordinate communities' responses, and provide better victim support services. As a result of CRS's work, community members reported a decrease in fear and tension and a renewed trust in law enforcement.

Lincoln, Nebraska

In May 2013, tension rose in the Latino communities of Lincoln and Omaha, Nebraska, after a Latino male died while in police custody. The man was found deceased in a Lancaster County jail cell after being arrested two days earlier on suspicion of public intoxication. Latino community leaders requested more information on the circumstances surrounding the individual's death, but allegedly received no response from law enforcement. They then held a press conference, not only alleging a cover-up by the Lincoln Police Department and the Lancaster County Corrections Department, but also demanding that their inquiries be addressed. CRS was contacted by a Hispanic advocacy organization to assist in facilitating a dialogue between community members and law enforcement officials. During the dialogue, law enforcement clarified its policies, procedures, and protocols related to the death of a person in custody, and dispelled reported rumors concerning why the Department had refused to provide the requested information. CRS services helped decrease community tension and repaired trust between the Latino community and police. In addition, the parties have agreed to collaborate on initiatives to prevent and respond to future conflicts.

Hutchinson, Kansas

In January 2013, CRS received a request from the Assistant City Manager of Hutchinson, Kansas, asking for training for the city's Human Relations Commission (HRC). The request was in response to concerns voiced by African American community leaders and representatives from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), that training provided by the Hutchinson HRC was outdated. In addition, the NAACP and community leaders believed that the HRC needed to bolster its effectiveness in addressing minority and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities. In June 2013, CRS provided its Human Relations Commission Training for the parties, incorporating the concerns expressed by the NAACP and community members. As a result of the training, relations between the parties improved.

Coralville, Iowa

In July 2013, Coralville law enforcement responded to a disturbance at a local business, and allegedly encountered a Hispanic male acting violently and destroying property. The Coralville police reported that the individual was sweating profusely, his eyes were dilated, he was speaking incoherently and he appeared to be having seizures during the officers' interaction with him. In an effort to subdue the individual, law enforcement tasered the man twice. Shortly thereafter, the individual stopped breathing. The officers were able to revive him through CPR, but, after being transported to an area hospital, the man passed away. Representatives from two Iowa Chapters of the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) requested CRS's assistance in voicing their communities' concerns that excessive use of force had been used by the police. CRS was able to facilitate a discussion between the community leaders and the Chief of Police, which ultimately led to a Mediated Agreement. The Mediated Agreement provided for ongoing community dialogues and a collaborative partnership between the civil rights organization and the county's prosecuting attorney.

Rocky Mountain Region

Rocky Mountain Regional Office (Region VIII)(CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY)

Rocky Mountain Region Case Highlights

Fort Morgan, Colorado

In the summer of 2013, CRS services were requested by the City of Fort Morgan, several local non-profit organizations, and various service providers to facilitate problem-solving sessions between city officials and community leaders. The sessions were aimed at identifying issues and concerns related to the integration of Somali, East African, Latino, and Muslim refugee communities. The parties also asked CRS to aid the existing Human Relations Commission (HRC) working group in establishing a commission for the city. In response to the requests, CRS arranged for HRC experts from nearby communities to provide overviews of the missions, goals, objectives, and structures of their respective HRCs. CRS then facilitated meetings between the working group and members of the Latino, East African, and Muslim communities. During the meetings, the members discussed their concerns and the issues impacting their communities, including: language barriers, crime, access to health care, equal employment opportunities, and perceptions of racial, cultural, and religious bias and discrimination by law enforcement and city officials. Following the meetings, CRS assisted the working group in developing an action plan to address community relations, communication, and system-related concerns. The Agency also helped the parties in developing an action report that not only detailed the actions of the parties, but also listed the recommendations they had developed. CRS then assisted the stakeholders in drafting a city resolution, creating a Community Relations Commission for the city.

Durango, Colorado

In December 2012, three male high school students allegedly left a Confederate Flag and a derogatory, homophobic message in the classroom of an openly gay educator. In reponse, the school banned all "hate symbols," including the Confederate Flag, from school grounds. The incident and the school's subsequent reaction, led to increased tension and conflict in both the school district and the Dolores community at large. In January 2013, CRS facilitated a two-day Student Problem Identification and Resolution of Issues Together (SPIRIT) program, with approximately 30 student leaders, at the local high school. The program assisted the students in identifying issues and concerns raised by the incident, and resulted in the development of written collaborative action plans, to improve trust and communication between members of the school community.

Riverton, Wyoming

In March 2013, a Wind River Indian Reservation youth was allegedly assaulted by a non-tribal individual in Riverton, Wyoming. The youth sustained severe head injuries during the altercation, that resulted in hospitalization. Following the incident, tribal officials expressed concern, and voiced their beliefs that the assault was race-based and, therefore, a hate crime. Tensions further escalated when law enforcement declined to charge the non-tribal individual reportedly involved in the incident. The tribal community perceived this decision to be a result of bias-based policing and nepotism between the person accused of the assaulting the youth and the police department. At the request of Wind River Indian Reservation leaders, CRS worked with tribal members to identify their concerns and the underlying issues. The Agency then convened a meeting with law enforcement and the Native American community to discuss the case and police-community relations. As a result of the meetings, law enforcement agreed to review the charges against the non-tribal individual and interview other possible witnesses to the altercation. Both parties also agreed to hold a broader dialogue, including the wider Riverton community, and to facilitate cross-cultural exchanges. In addition, the leaders of the Wind River Indian Reservation assigned Tribal Liaisons to work with the Riverton Police Department in strengthening Native American and Law Enforcement relations.

Tremonton, Utah

In April 2013, CRS received requests for services from a Utah legislator and the Director of Proyecto Latino, a Latino civil rights organization, concerning alleged comments made by the leadership of a women's domestic violence shelter, that were perceived as racist and discriminatory by the Latino community. The legislator and the Director feared the statements would erode trust between the Latino community and the shelter, and that Latina victims would subsequently stop seeking the shelter's services. In June, CRS convened a meeting of Latino, municipal, and community leaders to discuss the incident, as well as additional Latino community relations regarding equal access to education, employment, and municipal resources. As a result of the discussion, participants agreed to: hold a community resource fair, establish education collaborations between the Utah State University Program for Latino communities and the Tremonton schools, and work collaboratively in increasing Latino youth participation in the Youth City Council. In addition, the City of Tremonton committed to exploring additional options to support the Latino community, which was included in a city proclamation entitled "Encouraging an Inclusive Community in Tremonton City."

Salt Lake City, Utah

In August 2013, CRS was contacted by leaders of the Pacific Islander community in Salt Lake City, regarding concerns of racial-profiling of its youth by law enforcement. Community leaders were particularly concerned about the arreset and prosecution of several youths under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), a federal law providing for harsher penalties for violations of certain criminal and civil laws committed as part of an ongoing unlawful organization. Community members believed the youths were charged under RICO due to their race. They requested CRS's assistance in communicating their concerns to law enforcement and the Salt Lake City Metropolitan Gang Task Force. CRS facilitated the dialogue with various local police departments, the Metropolitan Gang Task Force, and Pacific Islander community leaders. Community leadership relayed concerns regarding law enforcement's use of force on juveniles, barriers to reporting racial profiling, and community fears and perceptions regarding contact with law enforcement. The parties agreed to work together toward strengthening law enforcement and Pacific Islander relations, by providing community education about what to do during police stops, holding a police roll call training on Pacific Islander Community and Culture, and extending an invitation to impacted family members to meet privately with police administrators regarding their individual concerns. Following the dialogue, Pacific Islander leaders formed the Social Justice Coalition, a formal organization that has conducted outreach to local law enforcement officials, provided community information sessions on RICO prosecutions, met with the United States Attorney's Office for the District of Utah, developed a law enforcement training program on Pacific Islanders, and implemented community-building efforts to support youth and their families and deter young people from committing crimes.

Western Field Office

Western Region Case Highlights

Tucson, Arizona

In 1974, a desegration order was imposed on the Tucson Unified School District. Enforcement of this order in July 2012 resulted in the suspension of the district's Mexican American Studies program. The suspension of the program initiated a period of extended contention and protests by Latino students and community members. In February 2013, a federal court issued a decision requiring the provision of "culturally relevant curricula" in school districts. In response to the 2013 order, CRS provided technical assistance and facilitated dialogue services in conducting multiple public hearings, with a court-appointed Special Master, to receive community input on how to improve city-minority community relations and what constitutes culturally-relevant curricula. As a result of CRS collaboration with the court-appointed Special Master, a guiding document to address discrimination issues was issued by the court in an updated order.

Phoenix, Arizona

During the summer of 2013, a federal civil court found the Maricopa County Sheriff's Office guilty of violating the civil rights of Latino community members. The trial had become a symbol for many Latino Americans of their community's concerns regarding racial discrimintion, profiling, and immigration reform. Following the verdict, Latino organizations and minority advocacy groups staged rallies and protests on county property. In response to the community tension, CRS facilitated meetings with county officials to discuss contingency plans and also shared best practices on how to engage demonstration organizers and participants. As a result of CRS services, there was open communication between demonstration organizers and Phoenix officials, and the events were held without conflict.

California

In February 2013, Christopher Dorner, a former member of the Los Angeles Police Department, reportedly attacked several police officers and their families over the course of several weeks, before committing suicide after an extensive manhunt and a police standoff. The attacks left four people dead and three police officers injured. According to a manifesto Dorner posted on a media source, the spree was in retaliation for his recent termination from his job as a law enforcement officer. Dorner blamed systemic racial discrimiantion against African Americans in the Los Angeles Police Department for his firing. His claim led to tension in the African American community, which were further exacerbated when two Latino individuals were injured by law enforcement officials during the manhunt. Community tension continued even after Dorner's suicide, as several communities expressed regret that his allegations regarding the Los Angeles Police Department's treatment of minority communities would never be investigated. During and after the manhunt, CRS provided law enforcement officials and community members with technical assistance related to community information session, rapid crowd growth potential, and historic or symbolic locations. CRS also shared tools and resources to identify and clarify concerns related to the communites' bias-based policing concerns.

Kern County, California

In the spring of 2013, tension rose among members of the Latino community, after a Latino male died while in police custody. The incident received significant media attention, particularly after it was alleged by some witnesses that law enforcement had attempted to retrieve cell phones containing video taken of the incident. In addition, minority community members alleged a long history of tense race relations, dating back to the 1900s, when there was a strong Ku Klux Klan presence. Compounding the problem was the fact that the Kern County Human Relations Commission (HRC) had mostly new members, and had very limited experiences in addressing the community's concerns. During the summer of 2013, CRS facilitated meetings with the HRC to provide technical assistance in addressing community concerns and police-community relations. The Agency also met with the Kern County Sheriff's Office, and convened a dialogue between the HRC and the Sheriff's Office. In the August meeting of the HRC, a motion was passed, mandating the creation of an ad hoc committee, whose purpose was to create a framework aimed at educating law enforcement on cultural norms and traditions, as well as create a process through which community members could voice their concerns with law enforcement. CRS reached out to interested parties throughout Kern County and the surrounding areas and encouraged them to join the committee and work towards improving race relations.

Northwestern Region

Northwestern Regional Office (Region X) (AK, ID, OR, WA)

Northwestern Region Case Highlights

Anchorage, Alaska

In the summer and fall of 2012, tension between the Samoan community and local law enforcement greatly increased in Anchorage, Alaska, as a result of two separate incidents. In July, a Samoan man was killed by police after threatening an officer with a strick. Several weeks later, law enforcement responded to reports of a fight at a public park, and the subsequent interaction between Samoan community members and police led to near riotous conditions. In September 2012, CRS convened a community dialogue with the Anchorage Equal Rights Commission; federal, state and local law enforcement; and leaders from local minority communities, during which the parties discussed their concerns and established both a phone tree and a rumor control mechanism. CRS also conducted a Racial Profile Training for both law enforcement professionals and Samoan community leaders. CRS services led to a decrease in law enforcement-community tension and an increase in trust and communications between the parties.

Vancouver, Washington

In July 2012, CRS was asked to provide a Cultural Competency Training for members of the United States Forestry Service in Vancouver, Washington. The training was requested as a result of several incidents involving Latino men, the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and the Department of Homeland Security U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Latino community leaders and non-governmental organizations perceived that the Forest Service requested assistance from Customs and Border Patrol whenever an incident involved a member of the Latino community, in order to search for illegal immigrants. This practice allegedly caused several clashes, including one in which a Latino community member drowned while trying to flee from officials. In February 2013, CRS provided a Cultural Competency Training, which was supplemented by law enforcement programs provided by the United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division and the United States Attorney's Office for the Western District of Washington. As a result of CRS services, members of the Forest Service reported enhanced cultural competency.

Olympia, Washington

In November 2012, CRS services were requested by the Executive Director of the State of Washington Commission on Asian Pacific American Affairs regarding the perceived lack of communication between law enforcement and Asian Pacific American communities during times of emergency preparation. The request rose out of an incident in 2006 during which numerous members of the African and Southeast Asian communities died during a winter storm due to carbon monoxide poisoning. The communities felt that crucial information regarding heat sources and their toxic byproducts were not successfully translated into African and Southeast Asian languages before the storm. In response to the request, CRS developed a working group, comprised of the Executive Director of the Washington State Commission on Asian Pacific American Affairs, the Executive Director of the Washington State Human Rights Commission, and the Executive Director of the Washington State Office of Minority and Women's Business Enterprises. CRS then aided the working group in drafting a Memorandum of Understanding that included proactive measures the parties would take in responding to the needs of the African and Southeast Asian communities. CRS's services resulted in increased lines of trust and communication between the communities and the parties to the working group.

Port Angeles & Bellingham, Washington

In 2012, CRS services were requested by several officers within the Department of Homeland Security to facilitate conversations between leaders of the local Latino community, religious officials, immigrant rights organizations, and municipal representatives of Port Angeles and Bellingham. The Latino community leaders felt that the United States Border Patrol was using the provision of translation services for local law enforcement as a pretext for checking individuals' immigration statuses. CRS assisted in developing a plan for outreach to the Latino community, and facilitated discussions regarding the allegations of racial profiling. Throughout February 2013, CRS facilitated a series of dialogues regarding Department of Homeland Security standard operating procedures, and discussed an updated Department of Homeland Security policy prohibiting the use of U.S. Customs and Border Patrol by local law enforcement solely as interpreters during routine stops.