Increased in renal disease and dehydration; decreased in liver damage and malnutrition

Carbon dioxide (CO2) (includes bicarbonate)

23-30 mmol/L

Useful to evaluate acid-base balance by measuring total carbon dioxide in the blood: Elevated in vomiting and pulmonary disease; decreased in diabetic acidosis, acute renal failure, and hyperventilation

Chloride (Cl)

98-106 mEq/L

Increased in dehydration, hyperventilation, and congestive heart failure; decreased in vomiting,diarrhea, and fever

Creatinine

0.6-1.2 mg/dL

Produced at a constant rate and excreted by the kidney; increased in kidney disease

Glucose

Fasting: 70-110 mg/dL Random: 85-125 mg/dL

Increased in diabetes and severe illness; decreased in insulin overdose or hypoglycemia