Ashe was a no. 1 ranked professional tennis player and the only African-American male ever to win the US Open, the Australian Open, and Wimbledon. In 1979, despite his active lifestyle style and high level of fitness as an athlete, Ashe suffered a heart attack and underwent quadruple-bypass surgery. He continued to suffer from chest pain for many years and had a second bypass surgery in 1983, during which he received a blood transfusion to expedite the recovery process. Sadly, it was through this transfusion that Ashe contracted the HIV virus, which was later confirmed in 1988 after tests revealed he had a bacterial infection called toxoplasmosis. Ashe announced his illness publicly in 1992 and would spend the last year of his life as an AIDS activist, raising awareness about AIDS and its victims. Ashe died of AIDS-related pneumonia in 1993 at the age of 49.