Our Time Has Come How India is Making Its Place in the World

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In the last 25 years, India--soon to be the most populous nation in the world--has experienced explosive economic growth that has vaulted it into the ranks of the world's emerging major powers. Long plagued by endemic poverty, until the 1990s the Indian economy was also hamstrung by a burdensome regulatory regime that limited its openness and competitiveness in an increasingly globalized world. Since then, however, the Indian government gradually opened up the economy, moving away from a quasi-socialist import substitution model. The results have been stunning: the middle class has grown by leaps and bounds, Fortune 500 CEOs visit regularly, and the country now occupies an increasingly prominent place on the global stage. From world trade to climate change to democratization, India's position now matters.

Yet India has not entirely abandoned its past policies. It remains protectionist in comparison to many other emerging economies and has not fully abandoned its adherence to the foreign policy doctrine of non-alignment. Most experts agree that India is on its way to becoming a great power, but what kind of great power it wants to be remains a mystery.

In Our Time Has Come, India specialist Alyssa Ayres looks at how the tension between India's closed and inward looking past and its ongoing integration into the global economy will shape its trajectory in the foreseeable future. The sheer scale of India-its huge population and $2 trillion economy-means its decisions will have a major global impact. These decisions, though, are not easy to predict. Unlike China, India is a vibrant democracy whose vast array of parties champion dizzyingly disparate policies. Nor is India easily susceptible to foreign influence. As a proud and increasingly assertive nation, it guards against perceptions that it is succumbing to international pressure--especially from the United States.

For all of these reasons, India tends to move cautiously and deliberately in the international sphere, always prioritizing its autonomy and independence (behavior that can be attributed, in part, to its long history as a colony of Britain). In Our Time Has Come, Ayres considers the role India is likely to play in global affairs as its prominence grows, taking stock of the risks and opportunities for the U.S. and other nations as the world's largest democracy defines its place in the world. Given that it breaks the mold of the typical "ally" and emerges as a unique power all its own, there is much to consider as America and the world attempt to make sense of India's rise.

Dr. Alyssa Ayres is senior fellow for India, Pakistan, and South Asia at the Council on Foreign Relations. She served previously as deputy assistant secretary of state for South Asia during 2010-2013, and her more than twenty-five years' experience in India and South Asia crosses the government, nonprofit, and private sectors. She has co-edited three books on India and Indian foreign policy, and her book on nationalism in Pakistan, Speaking Like a State, was published by Cambridge University Press in 2009.

PrologueChapter 1: IntroductionChapter 2: How India Sees ItselfChapter 3: Shaking Off the Socialist PastChapter 4: The Proud PowerChapter 5: The Cautious PowerChapter 6: The Indian Power of TomorrowChapter 7: Working with India