Pope Clement VIII issues the papal bull Cum saepe accidere forbidding Jews in Avignon from selling new goods. This imposes a serious disadvantage on Jewish merchants, but Christian leaders who have closed most other occupations to Jews don't like the way Jews are nevertheless able to make money and having a comfortable living through trade.

Jews' success in fields like banking and trade give rise to the popular anti-Semitic belief that Jews don't really work for a living and instead simply live as leeches off of Christians, sucking the dry and leaving them with nothing to show for their labor. Beliefs such as this will provide useful to the Nazis when they institute laws destroying Jewish businesses and taking away all their property.