Comparative method

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adaptation

The comparative method, using comparisons across species that have evolved independently, is an effective means for studying historical and physical constraints. This approach involves using statistical methods to account for differences in size (allometry) and evolutionary trees (phylogenies) for tracing trait evolution among lineages.

animal behaviour studies

…is what Darwin called the comparative method, which takes advantage of the thousands of “natural experiments” that have occurred over evolutionary time (that is, throughout the formation of new species and the evolution of their special characteristics). Here again, specific hypotheses regarding how natural selection has shaped a behaviour are…

philosophy of biology and natural selection

The “comparative method,” which involves considering evidence drawn from a wide range of similar organisms, was used in a study of the relatively large size of the testicles of chimpanzees as compared to those of gorillas. The adaptive hypothesis was that, given that the average female…