If the speed of the object is lesser than the speed of the sound then its called subsonic speed

v = 330 ms⁻¹

Mach = object/sound

Say object speed v = 10 ms⁻¹

mach = 10 ms⁻¹/300 ms⁻¹

mach < 1

Sonic Speed

If the speed of the object is equal to the speed of sound then it is called as sonic speed.

mach = 1

Supersonic speed

If the speed of the object lies between 1 to 5 time of sound then it is called as supersonic speed

330 × (1-5)times

mach(1-5)

Hyper sonic speed

If the speed of the object lies between 5 to 10 times of the speed of the sound then it is called as hyper sonic speed 330 × (5-10) times

India want to develop Brahmos II of 6 – 7 mach speed

High hyper sonic speed

If the speed of the object is more than 10 times of the speed of sound then it is called as high hyper sonic speed. 330 × 10 times

Characteristics of sound

1 Intensity 2 Pitch 3 Quality

Intensity

I α a²

a = amplitude

Units of intensity is Bell

1/10th of Bell is Decibel(db)

Intensity of sound is independent of frequency and it is measured by Sound-meter or Noise-meter.

Pitch

It is the frequency of sound wave

n = hz

Either Increasing or decreasing of amplitude, the frequency will not changed

Frequency is measured by Tanometer

Pitch of sound is independent of amplitude of sound.

Quality

The Ability of Eardrum to identify the source of sound when multiple sounds are received simultaneously is called as quality or timber

It depends on the sensitivity of hearing of sound of the person.

Note

The tone of female, children, mosquito, amplitude is less and frequency is more,they contain shrillness.

Doppler’s Effect

The comparison of velocity of a body with another body is called as the relative velocity.

The relative velocity of the two bodies in the same directions

v = v₁ ∽ v₂

and the relative velocity of approach v = v₁ + v₂

The apparent frequency of sound received by the observer due to relative motion between the source of the sound and observer is called as Doppler Effect.

It can be applied in all most all the types of waves including the sound and light.

Applications of speed of sound

1 The sonar works on the principle of Doppler effect and it is use to locate the position of submarine in the sea. 2 RADAR. 3 To find the speed of vehicle the instrument namely speed gun is used in which low energy laser rays are used. 4 To hear the heart beat of fetus, the Doppler approach is used. 5 Doppler color photo instrument used to find the defect in the blood circulation of human beings. 6 Doppler effect is used to detect the direction of self rotation of sun. 7 To study the properties of the binary stars or double stars. 8 To study the colored rings present around the planet. 9 Doppler cyclone detecting radars are used to produce predicts the formulation of cyclone in sea. 10 To determine the radius of the orbit and range of an artificial satellite the Doppler effect is used.

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