A SPEECH GIVEN BY PHIL GRIES AT THE BRITISH LIBRARY IN LONDON ENGLAND ON SEPTEMBER 25, 2001 TO AN AUDIENCE OF AUDIO ARCHIVISTS, MEMBERS OF ARSC (ASSOCIATION FOR RECORDED SOUND COLLECTIONS), AND IASA (INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOUND AND AUDIOVISUAL ARCHIVES). Subject of the conference: "WHY COLLECT?: THE PURPOSE OF AUDIOVISUAL ARCHIVES AND COLLECTIONS."

During the week long conference, my invitation to address the conference's central theme provided me the opportunity to address and expound on my archive, revealing its genesis, its 43 years of development, providing personal anecdotes, and playing samples of one-of-a-kind television audio airchecks from ARCHIVAL TELEVISON AUDIO's peerless collection. My central theme was to remind all those in attendance, from around the world, the lasting importance and historical significance of early television audio airchecks - representing the only broadcast record of a "lost," erased, destroyed or never recorded original television program (1946 through the 1970s).
Complete collections of television archives I have "rescued," over the years, were also discussed.

The following is an edited transcript of that speech and my introduction.
HOST:

"Our next speaker is Phil Gries, from New York, and representing his archive, ARCHIVAL TELEVISION AUDIO. He started his collection at the age of 15, and he will tell you about his one-of-a-kind television programs which survive today only as audio."

PHIL GRIES:
"It is a great pleasure for me to be here. I have come from New York, and it's not often that I get a chance to address an audience of really passionate collectors and archivists who deal with sound. Accepting the invitation to speak here at the ARSC/IASA conference at the British Library in London, and realizing the purpose of being here, to address the subject 'Why Collect?: The Purpose Of Audio Visual Archives,' is a pleasure. However, I would like to restructure the theme title to be a little more precise, regarding my archive to 'Why Collect?: The Purpose Of Audio Archives When The Visual No Longer Exists.'

Approximately 43 years ago, I began to record reel to reel 1/4" audiotape of the sound coming from my television set. I had a vintage 16 1/2" Andrea 1949 television console, and I took off the back of the set and attached alligator clips to the wire leads to the speaker, and had a phone jack plug placed into the input of my 1958/1959 Webcor Stereophonic 1/4" tape recorder which was a gift to me, from my parents, on my birthday, February 2nd. And, from that time on I really became hooked to audio recording television soundtracks.

Today, I believe that I have the largest and most comprehensive TV audio aircheck library in the United States. I have approximately 15,000 hours of material which encompasses approximately 12,000 different broadcasts, and they date back primarily to the 1950s, the 1960s, and the 1970s. We all know that during those first three decades of television broadcasting archiving was kind of an arcane pursuit. Very little was saved, and I began to realize just how little was saved when in 1987, I approached the Museum of Television and Radio inquiring as to what TV holdings existed at that time. It made me more aware of how many broadcasts were not present at the Museum which I had as audio. I realized that my TV soundtracks represented the only broadcast record.

Incredibly, more than half of television's first 30 years of live and videotaped television broadcasting, 1947 through 1976, has been lost, has been damaged, has been erased, has been deteriorating, beyond repair. The 12,000 TV audio airchecks in the Archival Television Audio archive encompass every genre. I recorded variety programs, sports, interviews, talk, specials, news, public affairs, and even news bulletins."

THE AUDIENCE LISTENS TO THE TV SOUNDTRACK OF DON PARDO'S NATIONAL NBC BULLETIN ANNOUNCING THE ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY & A PORTION OF THE LOST 3 MINUTES AND 53 SECONDS OF NBC COVERAGE RELATED TO THE ASSASSINATION BY BILL RYAN, CHET HUNTLEY & FRANK McGEE (NBC TV) November 22, 1963.

"If I personally had not audiotaped the first two NBC bulletins, the television bulletins by Don Pardo, and the first 3 minutes and 53 seconds of initial coverage by Bill Ryan, Chet Huntley and Frank McGee, one of the most historic television broadcast moments would have been lost forever! NBC never recorded these first moments and no other TV audio aircheck has ever surfaced. I might add that NBC did record approximately 70 and 1/2 hours of their television coverage subsequent to the first 5 minutes of broadcasting. One of the reasons why they did not record the first initial minutes was due to a technical reason. In those days, in 1963, a television camera had to 'heat up' for a dozen minutes before it became 'active.'

So, Don Pardo appeared on TV, not live, seeing him, but with an NBC LOGO CARD on the screen, just the sound, and I just happened to be tuned to NBC TV at the right time, at the right moment with a tape recorder turned on, and I recorded those initial moments.

Today, and I know Sam Brylawski would concur, even the granddaddy of television archives, The Library of Congress in Washington D.C., has just a fraction of broadcasts from television's first three decades of broadcasting. I'd like to quote from the Library of Congress' 1989 published reference work, THREE DECADES OF TELEVISION, compiled by Sarah Rouse and Katharine Loughney. 'In television's first decades, programs were generally perceived as ephemeral material. Television was a disposable medium. Television had an image problem in the academic community. It hardly seemed necessary to preserve a medium which was available in huge quantities, popular with the masses, and very prosperous. Furthermore, the quantity of programming aired annually, 23,000 hours, from the four networks alone, made the task of judging the merits of individual programs and series an arduous one. So, it is not surprising that few archives were collecting and preserving TV programs. Through the 1960s, television preservation was an arcane pursuit.'

I must credit a number of other individuals, living and deceased, who also recorded the sound from their television set, and whose archives, in part or in whole, have been acquired by me, over the years.

On October 8th, 1958, NBC broadcast the premiere of MILTON BERLE STARRING IN THE KRAFT MUSIC HALL. From the Lee Hoffman collection of TV audio recordings, the essence and excellent audio quality of that premiere show survives."

THE AUDIENCE LISTENS TO AN EXCERPT FROM THE TV SOUNDTRACK "MILTON BERLE STARRING IN THE KRAFT MUSIC HALL" (NBC-TV ) - October 8, 1958.

"I donated this tape to Uncle Miltie, and a few years ago I received a lovely letter of appreciation from him stating that he would be adding this soundtrack to his own archive. A very quick anecdote of how I got this tape. It was among hundreds of other tapes recorded off the air by Lee Hoffman. In 1997 I had gotten a call from The Museum of Television & Radio in New York; they typically do not accept TV audio. They accept kinescopes, videotapes, but not audio only! Because of a relationship I had in the past I was asked by one of the head archivists, Alan Glover, at the Museum of Radio and Television if I was interested in a collection of audio, stored in a California warehouse. The son of the late Lee Hoffman, who had recorded hundreds of reel to reel 1/4" tapes from 1956 thru 1979, needed to disperse this material. I paid a $950 freight charge for the 1000 pound crate to be delivered to my home, not knowing exactly what I would find. When it arrived by truck, I felt like I was in a candy shop. I took a crowbar, and with my 7 year old son, Ethan, we opened the crate. We stared at 1300 reel to reel 7 1/2" audiotapes! A thousand of these tapes were of little interest to me, mostly music LP's transferred to audiotape. However, there were 232 reel to reel tapes which were related to television audio.

From the collection of another gentleman, George Vlasto, a former biology professor who audiotaped his television and radio...a lost NBC TV broadcast which aired on July 21st, 1963. This aircheck profiles a 21 year old Cassius Clay, later to rename himself Muhammad Ali, along with his 19 year old brother Rudolph. They are both interviewed by Brian O'Doherty."

THE AUDIENCE LISTENS TO AN EXCERPT FROM THE TV SOUNDTRACK "DIALOG" (NBC-TV) - July 21, 1963.

"To the best of my knowledge, this is the earliest broadcast record of a sit down interview with a young Cassius Clay and his brother Rudolph.

From a youthful Muhammad Ali to an aging Buster Keaton. Listen to this lost broadcast on which Keaton is interviewed, over 40 years ago, on August 10th 1961. I personally audiotaped this TV broadcast which was originally produced and aired by NBC for the series HERE'S HOLLYWOOD. A wonderful moment with Buster Keaton."

THE AUDIENCE LISTENS TO AN EXCERPT FROM THE PROGRAM "HERE'S HOLLYWOOD" (NBC-TV) - August 10, 1961.

"In TV GUIDE, issue April 13th 1968, it was reported that over a million composite USA hours of television broadcasts, since 1947, have been labeled 'whereabouts unknown.' Even in the late 60's, fabulous 'Specials' were subsequently erased. One in particular which I would like to have you hear, a musical which appeared on NBC TELEVISION on March 19, 1967, Irving Berlin's ANNIE GET YOUR GUN, starring Ethel Merman, who performed in this color videotaped television revival of her original Broadway 1946 production, and a previous revival in 1966, when she performed at Lincoln Center." Only this television broadcast audio track survives.

THE AUDIENCE LISTENS TO AN EXCERPT FROM THE PROGRAM "ANNIE GET YOUR GUN" (NBC-TV) - March 9, 1967.

"This past May there was an article in many newspapers with the headlines stating, 'Where's Johnny?' Quoting from one of those articles, 'Hidden away behind locked doors recorded on more than 4000 tapes stored in fireproof and earthquake proof rooms, where the temperature stays between 68 and 70 degrees, are more than two decades of laughter, smiles, and double takes. The underground vaults and storage facility is home to the archive of THE TONIGHT SHOW STARRING JOHNNY CARSON, who hosted the show from 1962 to 1992. Almost all of the episodes of the show's last 20 years, believed to be one of the largest single television libraries in the world, are being preserved at this facility.' However, THE TONIGHT SHOW early episodes are lost. As stated in a recent article, and I quote, 'Most of the footage of the first 10 years of the Carson era were accidentally destroyed when NBC used the tapes for other shows. We may have only one dozen TONIGHT SHOWS, and mostly excerpts from those first 10 years of broadcasting.' I have hundreds of them. One of the much cherished archival audio airchecks in my archive is from the very first show. The premiere show aired on October 1, 1962."

THE AUDIENCE LISTENS TO AN EXCERPT FROM THE PREMIERE BROADCAST OF "THE TONIGHT SHOW" (NBC-TV) - October 1, 1962.

"One anecdote, in particular I have to mention. It's another example of how today there's little awareness and little knowledge as to what I consider is great value regarding these television audio airchecks which represent lost broadcasts...the only broadcast record of an original television program. Most of my archive represents pristine sound quality tracks since most of the archive was originally recorded by direct line and not via microphone.

An example of how I have acquired other collections with pristine direct line TV audio recordings occurred about five years ago when an article about me appeared in The New York Daily News (January 1, 1996). Because of the publicity from that article, regarding my archive, I received a phone call from a custodian, Clarence Hall, who mentioned he worked at The Helen Keller Institute for the Blind. He had come across a complete room full of 1/4" reel to reel audiotapes labeled TV audio. He told me that this room was being emptied in one week and the contents were going to be discarded to create space for used clothing donations. This custodian had just read the article about my archive. He called me and wanted to know if I was interested in buying these tapes which he would keep instead of putting them into the dumpster. It turned out to be an unbelievable collection of variety television audio airchecks totaling 850 1/4" reel to reel boxes of tape, containing over 4,300 programs, recorded between 1960 and 1982. I paid $11,000 for these tapes. Through some detective work on my own, I later learned that the man who recorded all of this material, who passed away in 1982 at the age of 67, lived in Floral Park N.Y. and used six reel to reel tape recorders, taping every night, every day, every week, every month, recording variety shows, including THE JIMMY DEAN SHOW, THE DON KNOTTS SHOW, and THE DANNY KAYE SHOW. Many of the variety shows he taped were complete runs of a series.

I know that the BBC has Richard Dimbleby's coverage of Sir Winston Churchill's death and funeral, but there are a number of broadcasts aired in the United States which do not fare as well and not having this original coverage available."

THE AUDIENCE LISTENS TO THE TV SOUNDTRACK FROM "FRIENDS OF MR. CHURCHILL" (CBS-TV) - January 25, 1965.

"One of the most lost broadcast TV genres from the 1950s and 1960s are the daily news broadcasts, local and network. Television airchecks prior to August 5th, 1968 are almost non-existent. I would like to play a brief moment from one of the many thousands of TV audio aircheck news broadcasts contained in my archive."

THE AUDIENCE LISTENS TO THE TV SOUNDTRACK FROM "CBS EVENING NEWS WITH WALTER CRONKITE" (CBS-TV) - August 6, 1962 (Reporting on the death of Marilyn Monroe).

"In conclusion, there have been so many different individuals in all realms of show business, sports, and politics...people who have approached me. People who have requested certain material not in their own archive. Material which is totally lost. I have given Woody Allen, to date, 26 TV audio airchecks, and I have in turn received letters from him, 17 to date, mostly hand written. There have been many people, who I don't have time to mention, who have been interested in my archive. My hope is that others will contact me. I'm always interested in finding out about other people who have done the same thing in terms of audio recording their TV set, especially from the early years, the 1950s and 1960s. Anyone who knows of such material should please contact me.

I would just like to conclude by stating that if it weren't for a handful of recordists who personally recorded television audio, thousands of lost TV shows would be completely lost forever. And when only the audio aircheck remains we still have an opportunity to at least be in touch with our nostalgic past, our memories, the political and social events of our time, our heritage, in a form still revealing and memorable. It is illustrated radio with the visuals left to our own imagination. Now as the 21st century unfolds, most of our early surviving kinescopes and videotapes will be accounted for and circulated. Maybe then, perhaps, inquisitive minds will come to recognize and revere the treasures which remain and which have been overlooked - the audio track links to a bygone era representing the golden and silver age of television.

I would be very remiss if I didn't mention a few of the friends and associates of other people who have in the past been passionate about taping their own TV, including David Goldin, Bill Mackie, Steve Tompkin, John Furman, Fred Berney, Don Chichester, Bill Anthony and Vince DiPalma, who co-founded with me and who is the editor of a quarterly publication called SAAR, The Society of Audio Aircheck Recordists. Thank you for your kind attention." __________________________________________________

AN INTERVIEW WITH PHIL GRIES

On
Wednesday, December 2, 1998, the Society of Audio AircheckRecordists Newsletter interviewed Phil Gries, the founder of this Society.

Mr. Gries discussed such topics as his early days of
TV audio recording, what motivated him to record TV soundtracks, what
soundtracks he decided to tape and the size of his TV audio collection. We found it to be a fascinating
interview.

SAAR

Phil, where and when did you first start taping and collecting TV
soundtracks?

PG

I was born on February 2,
1943.For my 16th birthday, my
parents gave me a Webcor stereophonic reel to reel
tape recorder, 3 3/4 inch, 7 1/2 inch speed, 2 track mono.The first TV soundtrack I ever
recorded off the air was June 7, 1959, a Steve Allen show.It was an open microphone recording,
which of course is a tape I still have.It was a 5-minute excerpt and Ingemar
Johansson, who was the heavyweight champion of the world, was the guest.I wanted to record for prosperity this
meeting between Allen and Johansson.My first direct line off the air recording was game 6 of the 1959
World Series between the LA Dodgers and the Chicago White Sox.I recorded the final inning, which was
called by Jack Brickhouse and the post-game, locker
room interviews with Vin Scully.That recording made me realize that
attaching alligator clips to the speaker leeds on
my television was a far superior way of recording television
soundtracks.What also made this
first direct line recording so special was that it was the final year in which
the Gillette Safety Razor Company used their musical sign-off in a World
Series telecast.I’ll
always remember the date, October 8, 1959.

SAAR

What motivated you to start collecting?Were you thinking in terms of
archiving material then or did you start collecting just for your own personal
enjoyment?

PG

What motivated me to tape off
the air was pure personal enjoyment. I wanted to have a record of particular
programs I liked.Back in the
1950s and 1960s, before VCR’s became available to the public, recording
TV soundtracks was the only way of keeping a record of a TV show.If I couldn’t watch again, I
wanted to at least listen again.Filmed series would usually be shown again, but live and taped
programming was generally shown just one time and never seen again.It was the live and taped programming
that I wanted to capture on audiotape.

SAAR

During the time you were taping TV soundtracks,
did you ever give any thought to erasing any of the material that you taped?

PG

I never erased any
material.If I did, I certainly
don’t have any recollection of it.

SAAR

Can you remember the first type of reel to reel audiotape you ever
purchased?

PG

It was Irish Brand, 2400 feet,
7 1/2 inch reel to reel audiotape. At 3 3/4 speed,
this allowed me hours of playing time, 2 hours on each track.I also remember they were pretty
expensive, about $5.00 apiece.

SAAR

What types of TV soundtracks interested you the most?

PG

Talk has always been my
favorite type of programming, so of course the live and taped interview shows
were always my favorites.I
believe I have the largest collection in the country of David Susskind’s “Open End” programs.The Susskind
show was syndicated across the country.Most of his shows, which ran from 1958-1974, did not survive.I have a very special “Open
End” show from December 24, 1961, which happened to be the first
notable television appearance of Woody Allen, who at that time was relatively
unknown.Other personalities who
appeared on that show were Mickey Rooney, who I loved watching as a child,
Jack Carter, Dave Astor and Johnny Carson, before he made his debut on the
“Tonight Show.”Other
talk shows which I recorded were local New
York favorites like Hy
Gardner, Joe Franklin and Les Crane, who I believe had the first live
television phone-in show.Celebrities like Bobby Darin, Dave Garroway,
Jack E. Leonard and Joanne Woodward would take live calls on the air from
callers.This was in 1963, before
Crane went national with a live late night talk show on ABC competing with
Johnny Carson’s “Tonight Show.”I also have a “Campy’s Corner” from WPIX-TV in 1960 in which
Roger Maris made his first notable New York television
appearance.This was before he
ever played his first game as a Yankee.“Campy’s Corner” was a
local New York
show, which was hosted by Roy Campanella and
co-hosted by Chris Schenkel.Needless to say this is another
example of a local show which I believe is lost.I also have shows like
“Here’s Hollywood,” Merv Griffin daytime shows and early Carson “Tonight” shows.

SAAR

Why didn’t you tape the filmed TV series?

PG

I really don’t have a
concrete answer for that.The
only thing I can think of is that a filmed show would usually be seen again,
a live or taped show usually would not.I wanted to make sure I had a personal record of the programming I
liked that wouldn’t be shown again.

SAAR

At the time you were taping TV soundtracks, were you ever in contact
with any other tapers of the day?

PG

No, never.Later on, after I finished recording
TV soundtracks, I became aware of six other TV audio recordists,
4 of whom are now deceased.

SAAR

Why did TV soundtracks interest you more than radio soundtracks?

PG

In September of 1949, my
parents purchased a gorgeous 16 1/2 inch Andria
Television set.It was a wooden
console with an AM-FM radio.I
was brought up with early television and don’t really remember early
radio.So, naturally TV was
always my first love.

SAAR

What was your last TV audio recording?

PG

I made it a habit to tape the
last inning of all World Series games starting in 1959.I continued taping the Series until
about 1988.I would say the
‘88 series represents the end of my TV soundtracks.

SAAR

Your soundtracks have no commercials included in them.Why didn’t you tape commercials
for historical value?

PG

I just didn’t have any
interest in commercials.I
didn’t want to interrupt the flow of the program, so I eliminated
them.Also, the economic factor
was involved in my decision not to tape commercials.Currently, in the archives, thousands
of TV shows exist with original commercials which I have acquired over the
years.

SAAR

In your opinion, do most individuals retain more by just listening to
a TV program rather than watching it?

PG

Radio is theater of the
mind.TV audio is theater of the
mind as well.I like to refer to
my soundtracks as audio television or television without pictures.When we listen, our imagination runs
rampant.I believe that because
we live in a society which relies so heavily on visual content, we’re
not given enough opportunity to exercise our imaginations.Radio and audio television allows for
this process.Listening to a
great quality TV audio track is, I believe, far superior than watching a poor
quality black and white film or kinescope of a program.

SAAR

Have you donated any of your TV soundtracks to institutions?

PG

Yes, institutions such as the
Library of Congress, the Museum
of Television and Radio,
and the UCLA Archives were thrilled to receive the television soundtracks
I’ve donated to them.In
addition, I have sent soundtracks to celebrities such as Woody Allen, Don Pardo, Milton Berle and Johnny
Carson.I recently presented to
Don Pardo the first NBC news bulletins of the JFK
assassination, which I recorded.He was amazed that they still existed.It was a special treat for me to
present him with this tape for his 80th birthday.

If the VCR was never invented, would you still be recording TV soundtracks to this day?

PG

I think I would still be taping
sporadically, but certainty not in the great volume I did in the 1960s and
1970s.Ninety percent of what is
on television today is not of interest to me.

SAAR

We live in a fast-paced, high tech society.There’s satellite television,
cable, computers, and the Internet.Do you think listening to old TV soundtracks will catch on in such a visually
dependent society?

PG

I believe today’s baby
boomers will look back on these old TV soundtracks with great pleasure
because they would remember these shows which first aired during the days of
their youth.I would say that
anyone who is around 45 and up today will have some recollection of 60’s
and 70’s TV programming.

SAAR

How do we educate the public to the great benefits of TV soundtracks?

PG

The way to benefit from TV
soundtracks is to just listen to them.Once you listen, it’s easy to become hooked; especially if the
sound quality is pristine.

SAAR

What do you envision for the future of your TV audio archive?

PG

I see a whole new concept beginning.The idea of TV audio is still foreign
to many people.However, since
old time radio is starting to wane in popularity as people from that era
begin to die off, the next big wave of popularity will lie in listening to
old TV soundtracks that no longer exist as video.Certainly, early television is
beginning to replace OTR in nostalgic value as today’s baby boomers who
don’t recall OTR replace
the older population that has left us.Listening to these TV soundtracks will not only be nostalgic and
entertaining, they will also greatly benefit researchers, scholars and
institutions alike in the study and preservation of early television, the so
called golden age of the medium.It’s an exciting concept to me and I believe it’s a
concept that will catch on in time, given a chance.

SAAR

You also mentioned the fact that
you have a huge TV Guide
collection.How many guides do you have?

PG

I have a collection of 1,500 TV
Guides that go back to pre-national before 1953.In those days I would get the TV
Guide, thumb through it and make a mental notation of a TV program I would
want to tape.I would also tape
spontaneously, if I came across a show not originally scheduled, or a
celebrity who was not originally scheduled to appear.Those kinds of situations added to the
excitement of my TV audiotaping and collecting.

SAAR

Phil, it was a pleasure talking with you.Hopefully you’ve enlightened our readers in regard to the past,
present and future of television
soundtracks.