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How to Play Blackjack
by Henry Tamburin

Blackjack is an easy game to learn how to play. We'll assume you've never
done any black jack gambling before and go over the basics.
Before you sit down at a blackjack betting table, glance
at the sign that sits on the table because it will tell you the minimum
amount you must bet per hand for black jack wagering. If you are a $5 per
hand player than you want to locate a table that allows $5 minimum bets
per hand.

When you take a seat at a black jack betting table, you need to convert
your cash into casino chips. Just wait until the dealer completes the hand
in progress and place your cash on the table in front of you preferably
outside of the betting box (otherwise the cash could be mistaken for a bet
on the next hand). The dealer will exchange your cash for an equivalent
amount of casino chips. Place the chips in front of you. You are now ready
to make your first bet but first let's make sure you understand the playing
rules.

The objective of black jack betting is to beat the dealer's hand by either
1) having a total that exceeds the dealer's total or 2) by not going over
21 when the dealer does.
Exceeding a total of 21 is known as 'busting". The casino's edge comes
from the fact that players must go first and when they bust their hand they
automatically lose even if the dealer subsequently busts.

All cards count their face value in blackjack betting. Picture cards count
as 10 and the ace can count as either a 1 or 11. Card suits have no meaning
in blackjack. The total of any hand is the sum of the card values in the
hand. A hand containing a 4, 5 and 8 totals 17. Another containing a queen
and 5 totals 15. It is always assumed that the ace counts 11 unless your
total exceeds 21 in which case the ace reverts to a value of 1. For example,
Ace, 5 is a 16. If a player draws a 9 the total is now 15. Generally hands
which contain an ace that counts as 11 are known as soft hands (i.e. ace,
7 is a soft 18 hand). A hard hand is any hand that either does not contain
an ace of if it does it counts as 1 (i.e. 10, 8 and 5, ace, 10, 2 are hard
18 hands).

Prior to the deal of the cards, all players must make a bet by placing
chips in their respective betting boxes. Every player and the dealer will
receive two cards. One of the dealer's card (known as the dealer's upcard
or face card) is dealt up so that players can see its value. The other dealer's
card (known as the dealer's downcard or hole card) is unseen. The two player
cards can be either dealt face up, face down, or sometimes one up and one
down. In general, games that are dealt from dealing shoes (normally containing
4, 6 or 8 decks of cards ) the player's cards are dealt face up. In this
case you should not handle the cards. In games in which the dealer deals
from the hand by pitching the cards to the players (single or double deck
games) the player cards are usually dealt both face down (or sometimes one
up and one down). In these games it is permissible for the player to handle
the cards (with one hand only and the cards must always be above the table).

After the player looks at his initial two cards and sees the value of one
of the dealer's two cards, the player must make a playing decision. This
includes the following:

Hit. This means you want the dealer to give you another card to your hand.
In shoe games, indicate to the dealer that you want a hit by making a beckoning
motion with your finger or tapping the table behind your cards with your
finger. In hand held games, scratch the edges of the cards in your hand
lightly on the felt.

Standing. This means you are satisfied with the total of the hand and want
to stand with the cards you have. In shoe games, indicate that you want
to stand by waving your hand over the cards. In hand held games, tuck your
cards under the chips that you have in the betting box.

Pair Splitting. If you have two like cards (e.g. a pair of 6's or aces),
you could excersise the option to split. When you split you must make another
bet equal to your original bet (just place your chip next to the original
chip bet on the hand). By pair splitting you play each card as a separate
hand and you can draw as many cards as you like to each hand (except split
aces-most casinos will only allow one draw card to each ace). For example
if you were dealt a pair of 8's (16) and split, you would have two separate
hands containing an 8. You would be required to play out one of the split
hands first before the other. In shoe games you indicate that you want to
split by placing another chip next to the original chip. For hand held games
toss your cards on the table and then make the secondary wager. Most casinos
will also allow players to split all 10 value cards such as a jack and ten
or queen and king.

Doubling down. This playing option allows you to double your bet in return
for receiving one and only one draw card. In most casinos you can only double
down after you receive your first two cards and before drawing another card.
To signal the dealer that you want to double down just place your chip next
to the original chip bet on the hand (shoe games) or toss your cards on
the table face-up in hand held games and then make the secondary bet.

Surrender. This playing option is sometimes permitted. It allows a player
to forfeit the hand with an automatic loss of half the original bet. Player's
can surrender their initial two card hand only after the dealer has checked
his cards for a blackjack. Once a player draws a card the surrender option
is no longer available. If the dealer has a blackjack hand, then surrender
is not available. When a player surrenders (to do so tell the dealer "surrender")
the dealer will remove the player's card from the table and place one half
of the players bet in the chip rack. The player is no longer involved in
that round.

The above rule is known as late surrender. In some casinos players can
surrender before the dealer checks his cards for a blackjack. This form
of surrender is much more player favorable than late surrender but it is
rarely offered.

Insurance. When the dealer's upcard is an ace, the dealer will ask players
if they want to make the insurance wager. It is a side bet in which players
are betting that the dealer's hole card will be a ten-value card. Players
can make an insurance bet equal to one half of the initial bet made on the
hand. To make the insurance bet you simply place your chips on the insurance
line, which is located right above the player betting box. You win your
insurance bet if the dealer has a ten-value card in the hole. A winning
insurance bet pays off at 2 to 1 odds.

Even Money. When the player has a blackjack hand and the dealer has an
ace showing the dealer will ask the player if he wants "even money".
Even money means the dealer will automatically give you a 1 to 1 (or even
money) payoff on your bet before he checks his downcard for a potential
blackjack. Taking even money yields the same result as making an insurance
bet on your blackjack hand.

Unlike players, the dealer in blackjack has no playing option. Casino rules
specify that a dealer must draw when the dealer's hand totals less than
17 and stand when the total is 17 to 21. In some casinos, dealer's must
stand on soft 17 and in others they must hit (it's better for the player
if the rules specify the dealer must stand on soft 17).

If the player's hand exceeds a total of 21 the player automatically losses.
If the player's hand exceeds the total of the dealer's hand, the player
wins the hand and is paid at 1 to 1 odds. If the player and dealer have
the same total, the hand is a tie or push and the player retains his bet.

In most European casinos, the dealer will give himself only one face card
and wait until all the players play out their hands before dealing his second
card. This is widely known as the European No-Hole card rule and it can
change a player's strategy slightly.

Always remember that when you play blackjack it's you against the dealer.
The two variables that determine how you should play your hand are the dealer's
upcard and your hand. With more experience, you'll also be able to use the
information of all the cards that you see on the table (yours, the dealer
and your fellow players) to make a more informed decision on how much to
bet and how to play the hand.