The objective of this study was to gain information about the toxigenic Aspergillus species present in a wide survey of retail samples of paprika and chilli collected in Spain. Detection of these mycotoxigenic species was performed with an optimized protocol for paprika and chilli which includes a set of species-specific PCR assays. Occurrence of toxigenic Aspergillus species was higher in paprika than in chilli samples (83.9% and 64.5%, respectively). Paprika showed also the highest percentage of co-occurrence of two or more different species (43.6%) in comparison with chilli (35.5%). The most common aspergilli were Aspergillus niger aggregate (67.7%), followed by Aspergillus flavus (49.5%). Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus steynii were detected at lower frequency (1.1%). The high co-occurrence of Aspergillus species able to produce ochratoxin A and aflatoxins, particularly in paprika, suggested the need of a more efficient control during processing and storage to reduce fungal contamination, and additional legislation to consider the simultaneous presence of both toxins in these matrices. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL 2007-66416-C05-02 and -03), the Catalonian Government (XaRTA - Reference Network on Food Technology) and by the UCM-BSCH (GR58/08). J. Gil-Serna and N. Sardinas were supported by FPU fellowships by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.