On the frigates of project 22350М in light of recent news

The day of the great Victory he gave us not only a festive mood, but good news for everyone who is interested in modern state of the fleet. We are talking about TASS, according to which existing plans of rearmament of the Navy require the construction of 12 frigates of project 22350М, that is, "advanced pots".

Probably one of the preliminary "sketches" of the frigate project 22350М

Specifics, alas, not as much as I would like, but nevertheless States that:

1. The technical design for the new ship will be developed by the end of 2019.

2. The construction of the head of the frigate to be completed in 2027.

3. The construction of the following 11 production vehicles will be completed later, in the next state armaments programme.

4. And finally, "the icing on the cake" — the displacement of the ship will be 7 000 tons, armament will be increased to 48 missiles "Onyx"/"Calibre"/"Zircon", and the ammunition anti-aircraft missiles will be up to 100 missiles of complex "Polyment-Redoubt".As you can see, information we do not indulge: but what has been said, inspires cautious optimism.

Prospects for the construction

They are, oddly enough, quite transparent and clear. Still the white frigate of our shipbuilding programs were shattered in the face of the three cliffs, which are:

1. Insufficient financing from the state budget;

2. The inability of domestic industry to produce the right type of vehicle (equipment) in time;

3. The inability to calculate the cost of the finished product.

I Foresee unhappy with replicas of some readers saying that since the beginning of 2010-ies of the country's armed forces are not funded much better than it was before, about a lack of money may be involved? But the fact is that, as you know, the program of military shipbuilding for 2011-2020 we failed miserably: the reasons for this were many, but one of them is the curtailment of funding of public procurement of the arms relative to the target figures.

As you know, GPV 2011-2020 was planned to allocate 20 trillion. RUB, However, to allocate these funds was planned to be on the rise. So, according to the Center for analysis of strategies and technologies, targets spending on procurement and R & d in 2011-2015 was supposed to be a little more than 5.5 trillion. RUB Respectively other nearly 14.5 trillion. RUB it was supposed to be spent in the period 2016-2020 it is Difficult to say to what was expected by the government, creating almost a three-fold increase in the cost of the "second five-year plan" of GPV and where it was going to seek such funds, but our financial crisis has led to the fact that it became clear – to increase three times, but to keep military spending at current levels is quite problematic. Thus, even if there was no breakup with the German suppliers of diesel engines, with Ukraine, our enterprise was working as a Swiss chronometer, weapons and units just – in-time shipbuilding program under GPV 2011-2020 still could not be performed.

Now, the new SAP 2018-2027. much less ambitious than the previous one. Although its funding will have to find about 19 trillion. RUB, but that's not the same, even the pre-crisis rubles. Inflation between 1 January 2011 and 1 January 2018 amounted to 63,51%, that is, new TAG can be (very relatively, of course) to rate 11.6 trillion. those rubles, which was estimated GPV 2011-2020

On the one hand, of course, this reduction in planned defence spending very upsetting. But every barrel of tar, you can find a spoonful of honey: apparently, the new LG is much more realistic previous, and the allocation of funds in the specified amounts of our budget still in power. This means that the chance that the purchase of equipment and R & d will not be disrupted due to lack of funding, much more than in previous years. The new program, of course, more modest previous one, but at the same time much more realistic. And if so – and its plans for the design and construction of frigates of project 22350М much more realistic than the plans for the construction of their "younger brothers" 22350 in GPV 2011-2020

The Second is about the inability of our shipbuilding industry something to build on time. Unfortunately, this is the scourge of modern and efficient market economy. We train our leadership abroad, we implement 3D modeling a corporate information system ERP-standard, is able to automatically "sort" the process of creating the finished product down to specific instructions to the ordinary procurement Manager and issue shift-day job separate master in the shop. We build technology "lean production", developing the newest systems of quality control, staff motivation... But, alas, we lose the ability to design and mass-produce complex engineering objects, such as a warship. The shortfall in the skills possessed by the "antediluvian" of the USSR.

If we look at the pace of construction of the us nuclear submarine "Los Angeles", founded in the 80-ies, we see that the average term of construction of one boat was 43 months. The Soviet equivalent of the "Los Angeles", multi-purpose nuclear submarines "Pike-B", founded in the same 80-ies, was based on the average 35 months, and this despite the fact that a number of ships of this type were completed in the "wild 90s". Today 5 the entering into operation of the serial corvettes, not counting the head "Keepers", we have built an average of 100 months. each.

Corvette of the project 20380 "Loud"

For comparison: the Americans a monstrous statistically "Gerald R. Ford" mastered slightly less than 91 months.

All built warships in the Russian Federation can be divided into 2 parts. The first of these is the ships which are built for enterprises that have not engaged in the serial construction of the last, and then, in terms of everything really bad. Others are those who in sad 90s and early 2000s was built abroad – they still managed to largely keep what they owned once. If shipyard "Yantar" has built vdcs of project 11356 for the Indian Navy, and the creation of frigates for the Russian Navy he did well – except, of course, loaded with the engines, which arose for reasons beyond CVD reasons. And "Admiralty shipyards" built "Varshavyanka" first to China, then to Vietnam, Algeria and India, were able to deliver six diesel-electric submarines of project 636.3 for the black sea fleet in a more or less acceptable terms.

In this case, experience means a lot, but not less important, and the perfected contractors ' supplies. Here take the head frigate of the project 22350 "Admiral Gorshkov". We have managed to build up nearly 12.5 years, but does blame "Severnaya Verf", which he created? There was a lot of issues with the engine and with a 130-mm gun mount A-192M, and about the sad story (though with a happy ending) "Poliment-Redut" today even know is very far from Navy people. And we can only guess how many problems in the construction of this ship was lost on the media and the General public. But for the 636.3 diesel-electric submarines and frigates of the "Admiral" series of problems almost was not, because their range of weapons and equipment was at the time of their construction it is worked out a trade.

So, from this perspective, the program of construction of frigates of project 22350М also look quite rosy. Presently "Severnaya Verf" is building 6 project 22350 frigates, and, obviously, their serial production will be well established. At the same time 22350М are, in fact, enlarged 22350 with increased ammunition, giving us reason to hope that the relatively rapid pace of construction of new frigates.

And finally, the third is the difficulty of determining the price of the finished product. Naturally, the cost of construction had a great influence compliance with contractual deadlines of the ship fleet for a long time, of course, more expensive. But then, as we have said above, frigates 22350М all pretty good. The second reason was that, as a rule, the ships was not used in mass production, if not created samples of arms and equipment that cost a lot more planned prices. But here the project 22350М full order, as the main types of weapons and equipment has already gone into serial production of project 22350 frigates.

In view of the above, the chances of execution of the program of the construction of a dozen frigates 22350М significantly higher than in previous programmes "privatizatsii" or "conversatio" of our Navy.

Weapons

Of Course, to increase the main armament of the ship, that is, the extra cells universal launchers ZS-14 UCSC, so the ammunition of cruise and anti-ship missiles will increase from 16 to 48 units, will delight anyone. And professionals and fans to measure the combat capability of the ship missiles "Calibre", it established.

But here's the thing – it's quite possible and very likely that in the relatively near future already UCSC designed today for missiles families "Caliber"/"Onyx"/"Zircon" will be able to use heavy anti-aircraft missiles.

"Almaz-Antey", in the section "Information for media" there is a small note of February 11, 2019, is entitled "what the latest ship air defense complex "Polyment-Redoubt"". It is reported that currently only has SAM missiles near-and medium-range missiles capable of hitting aerial targets at a distance up to 150 km, But it is also argued that in the coming years, this complex needs to get adopted sverdlovskoy missiles with a range of up to 400 km, which are now created "on the basis of the ordnance ground systems 40N6 s-400 and s-500".

As you read this newsletter, the author has any doubts about the validity of this information. The fact that 40N6 represents the latest development, which is to miniaturise without losing fighting qualities simply unrealistic. This, of course, 40N6 is much larger than the range used SAM Redut missiles. The largest medium-range missile has a length of 5.6 m and diameter of 240 mm and weight of about 600 kg. How to push in a cell for such missiles 40N6 — munition with a length of 8.7 m, with a diameter of 575 mm and weight of about 1,900 kg (according to other sources – 2.5 tons)? Is launcher SAM "Redoubt" has the stock dimensions?

However, the answer is all in the same note, which literally says the following:

Apparently, it is just talking about a new long range missiles. The fact that, first, today, SAM "Redoubt" uses its ownthe launcher, nothing to do with UCSC does not have. And secondly, according to some (possibly unreliable) modern UCSC unable to apply modern anti-aircraft missiles, because such a requirement before the designers never intended. That is, today, UCSC is not able to use anti-aircraft missiles, and, perhaps, "the ammunition on the basis of the 40N6" just adapts to UCSC?

Again, I must say that the accuracy of all the above information can be questioned the fact that the cited author of the note is in the section "Information for media" and the subsection "media reports" is not a direct interview with an officer of "Almaz-Antey" (although the words about the creation of a 400-km missiles for "Poliment-Redut" belonged to the commander of the Navy). But you have to understand that such publications usually appear in the data provided to the media by the developer, manufacturer, and it is impossible to imagine that "Almaz-Antey" would publish on its official website the data with which he disagrees.

But because the author of this article believes that in the foreseeable future, ships of our Navy will be able to use heavy missiles sverdlovskiye cell ZS-14 UCSC, is still able to apply only cruise and anti-ship missiles, as well as plourac'h. And, if so, what benefits can be derived from this new frigates of project 22350М?

Let's look at possible ammunition 22350М compared to its predecessor. Suppose we prepare the ship for campaign and fight against the enemy fleet. In this case, the ships of the "Gorshkov" will be able to take on Board a maximum of 16 anti-ship missiles, and air defense can be arranged by placing, for example, 24 cells air defense system "Redoubt" 24 medium-range missiles in the remaining 8 cells (32) – 32 missiles short range 9М100, which, due to its small dimensions, you can set four in one cell.

However, the "Gorshkov" is completely absent air defense in the far zone, and virtually no anti-submarine weapons, because its "Package-NK" not primarily anti-submarine and torpedo complex.

But on the new frigate 22350М can accommodate 8 plourac'h family "Caliber" — rocket-torpedo, capable of hitting enemy submarines at a distance of 40-50 kilometers. And yet — 16 long-range missiles, capable if not to disrupt, it is extremely difficult to "correct" the air RAID carried out by several groups, because a ship gets enough "long arm" in order to "unseat from heaven," the "brain" of the air strike group – AWACS aircraft. And yet – with the same number of missiles and medium-range, and "Gorshkov". And yet, 16, and 24 of RCC, and this is serious. Because in this case striking power of the ship increases by 1.5 times, as might seem from a simple ratio of the number of missiles and much higher.

There is such concept – "saturation air defense ship/orders", which refers to this. A modern ship has a variety of active and passive air defense systems, including SAMS, rapid-fire artillery, stations warfare, traps etc. They are able to intercept a certain number of anti-ship missiles that attack the ship, or the order in which the ship is. It is clear that much depends on different kinds of accidents, but all the same for each ship or group can bring a certain amount of PKR, the more they reject and destroy will not be able even in the most successful conditions. This number of missiles is considered to be sufficient to saturate air defense vehicle/connection.

So, if, for example, to saturate the defenses of a certain ship group will need 12 anti-ship missiles "Calibre", it means that the ship type is "pots", having spent all the ammunition load of 16 missiles, will achieve 4 hits RCC at enemy ships. But attacking in the same conditions the frigate project 22350М with 24 RCC Board will achieve already not 4, but 12 hits: 24 SIC 12 will go to the saturation of air defense, and the remaining 12 will strike the target. In our example, we see that the increase of ammunition only 1.5 times capable in certain conditions to provide three times the effect!

Of Course, the author of this article is not aware of the performance characteristics of the RCC "Zircon", but he has great doubts that even full-blooded Aug US will be able to survive a volley of 48 hypersonic missiles, produced by the frigate project 22350М from position tracking during military service. It does not, of course, one of our ships is equal to the Aug according to his ability, but in fact the frigate project 22350М will be Aug sample 2030 the risk greater than imagined Soviet missile cruiser "Atlant" for Aug sample 1980 And those frigates we have planned to build 12 pieces.

At the same time frigates of project 22350М should be no less universal than the American destroyers "Arleigh Burke". Unfortunately, it was not clear what displacement was referring to the sources, calling the figure of 7 thousand tons – standard or full? Really possible and the other option, but even if this figure is still a standard displacement (which is somewhat doubtful – it turns out that the frigates of project 22305 "got fat" by almost 60%), and even then it will be about on par with "Arleigh a Burke" series II-A, having a standard displacement of 7 061 tonnes, the ships have a comparable number of ammunition.

The American destroyers with the "birth" and to this day have 96 cells in universal launchers MK.41. Our frigateproject 22350М will have launchers for 48 "heavy" and a 32 "light" missiles, for a total of 80 cells. And this is in fact the case that the expansion of the UCSC, up to 48 missiles will be the only innovation of the project. However, if we assume that the standard displacement of our frigates will increase from 4 400 to 7 000 t, you should assume that the number of launchers SAM "redoubt" will be increased to 8 or 16 launchers. In this case, the total ammunition equal to "Arleigh Burke". If 7 000 tons – still the total displacement of the new ship, and the number of cells for SAM "Polyment-Redoubt" will not be increased, the frigate project 22350М, of course, will be slightly inferior in ammunition "Arleigh Burke", but he himself will be much smaller – it is unlikely in this case, the standard displacement of the ship will exceed 6 000 t.

Unfortunately, the lack of understanding of the size of the ship gives us the opportunity to present possible changes in the composition of the rest of the weapons. Artillery "weapons" is likely to remain the same odnorodnoi 130-mm A-192M. Other artillery as likely to be represented by ZACK "the Broadsword", which at the design stage "laid" collaboration "Poliment-Redut", though, if the standard displacement of the ship will reach 7 000 tons, it is possible the number of installations will be increased. 533-mm torpedo tubes clearly no one on the frigate to put will not, and "Package-NK" so obviously will continue.

As for the radar, sonar and other equipment for a new frigate, here, most likely, he will have to adopt exactly the same than had the project 22350 frigates. It is possible, of course, that will modernize and that, for example, the same "Poliment" will have the opportunity to accompany and simultaneously attacked more goals than before. But we hope that the upgrades will stop: the most disgusting thing that can happen to the frigates of project 22350М is "stuck" on the slipway or in the completion of waiting for some "unmatched" sonar complex, or something else.Of Course, new developments are necessary and important, the armed forces in General and Navy in particular needs to the best of everything. But let's put the new equipment on ships, when it is the equipment is ready, and while it has not – let's not wait for the sea weather, but older, providing the possibility of replacing in the future, say, in the course of the overhaul.

In General about the weapons you can say the following – frigate 22350М will have between 80 and 96 missile cells, 130-mm artillery system, 2 or more ZACK and 324 mm torpedoes and one or two helicopters. That is, the composition of weapons it will be extremely similar to the American destroyers, which gives us reason to call the frigate project 22350М "Russian "Arleigh Burke"".

Mysterious suspension

But the power plant of the frigate 22350М promising, to date, is that still a mystery. The fact that the ships of the "pots" as such had two diesel-gas turbine unit М55Р. Each of them were equipped diesel 10Д49, power 5 200 HP and a gas turbine engine М90ФР capacity of 27 500 HP

Two such units sufficient to inform "the Admiral of fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov" speed economic speed of 14 knots and a top speed of 29 KTS. But the installation of the same units on the project 22350М is not the best solution. Let's start with the fact that even if 7 000 t represent the total displacement of the new frigates, and in this case its speed can be reduced approximately to 13.2 uz. economic and 27.4 ties. full speed, and this is unlikely to be deemed sufficient for a ship of the far sea zone. However, perhaps it will be slightly above these figures, if the ratio "length/width" of the frigate 22350М will substantially exceed the one used for ships of the type "pots". But in General I would like to note that 14 knots economic range – it is very small, the same "Arleigh Burke" has a similar figure of 18 knots. And because so far the main means to project power remains for us naval support groups potential enemy, the gap in this parameter is very desirable.

In addition, diesel-gas turbine Assembly for us is bad because it contains domestic diesels that are, to put it mildly, does not differ in quality. What exits are there from this situation?

It is with great difficulty mastered independent production gastrobereich engines М90ФР, and to get into the adventure of creation and serial production of the new engine for us seems excessive and wasteful, not to mention the fact that possible delays in its creation and development will simply paralyze the program of construction of new frigates. There are only 2 options – either to use on the new ships, not two, but three М55Р unit or upgrade the unit by turning it into a gas-gas. That is saving as the main engine М90ФР, but as an engine of economic progress to use the newly created gas turbine, more power than the current diesel 10Д49. However, this is only speculation, and that will be actually – will show the future.

Current status

In the meantime, the process of creating a frigate 22350М can be described as: "everything is going according to plan." As you know, the contract for preliminary design of a new vehicle was signed with the Northern design Bureau 28 December 2018 And is 17 March 2019 TASS was "authorized to declare" that the preliminary design of the frigate 22350М completed and PKBstarted development of design documentation. We can only wish them every success, we take this opportunity and do!

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