AUCS 340: Ethics in the Professions Homework Assignment: International and US Health Care Systems The following homework assignment will help you to discover some of the differences between the administration of health care in the United States and internationally. This is a research based assignment; remember the use of Wikipedia.com is not an acceptable reference site for this course. You must include a references cited page for this assignment; correctly formatted APA or MLA references are acceptable (simply stating s web address is NOT a complete reference). The answers should be presented in paragraph formation. Staple all pages together for presentation. The first question refers to a country other than the United States of America 1) Socialized Medicine – provide a definition of the term socialized medicine and discuss a country that currently has a socialized medicine system to cover all citizens; this discussion should include the types of services offered to the citizens of this country. When was this system first implemented in this country? What is the name of this country’s health insurance plan? Compare the ranking for the life expectancy for this country to that of the United States. Which is higher? Why? Compare the cost of financing healthcare in this country to the United States in comparison to the amount of annual funding in dollars and the percentage of gross domestic product spent on health care for each country. What rank does this country have in comparison to the United States for overall health of its citizens? (This portion of the assignment should be approximately one page in length and graphic data is acceptable to support some answers, however, graphic information should only be used to explain your written explanation not as the answer to the question.) Bonus: Is this country’s system currently financially stable? Why or why not? The following questions refer to the delivery of healthcare in the United States of America, as it was organized prior to the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The ACA is currently being phased into coverage. It is estimated that the answers to the following questions will result in an additional two to three pages of written text in addition to the page for question number one. 2) Medicare – when was it enacted? Who does it cover? Who was President when Medicare was originally passed? What do the specific portions Part A, Part B and Part D cover? When was Part D enacted? Who was President when Part D was enacted? Is the Medicare system currently financially stable? Why or why not. Compare the average life expectancy for males and females when Medicare was originally passed and the average life expectancy of males and females as of 2010; more recent data is acceptable. Bonus: What does Part C cover and when was it enacted? 3) Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) – Define the term health maintenance organization. When did this type of health insurance plan become popular in the United States? How does this type of system provide medical care to the people enrolled? This answer should discuss in network versus out of network coverage. 4) Medicaid- when was it enacted? Who does it cover? Who was President when this insurance plan was enacted? Are the coverage benefits the same state to state? Why or why not? Is the system currently financially stable? Why or why not. What effect does passage of the ACA project to have on enrollment in the Medicaid system? Why? 5) Organ Transplants – What is the mechanism for placement of a patient’s name on the organ transplant list? What is the current length of time a patient must wait for a heart transplant? Explain at least one reason why transplants are considered an ethical issue. How are transplants financed? Give at least one example of how much any type of organ transplant would cost. 6) Health Insurance/Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) – When was it enacted? Who was President when this legislation as passed? What is the scope of this legislative for the medical community and the general community? (Hint: There are actually two reasons for HIPAA legislation; make sure to state both in your response) 7) Death with Dignity Act – what year was the Oregon Death with Dignity Act passed? What ethical issue is covered by the Death with Dignity Act? List the factors that must be met for a patient to use the Death with Dignity Act. List two additional states that have enacted Death with Dignity Acts and when was the legislation passed in these states? 8) Hospice – what is hospice care? When was it developed? What country was most instrumental in the development of hospice care? Do health insurance plans in the United States cover hospice care? What types of services are covered for hospice care? Grading: 1) Accuracy and completeness of responses = 60% of grade 2) Correct use of sentence structure, spelling and grammar = 30% of grade 3) Appropriate use of references and citations = 10% of grade Simply stating a web page is not an appropriate reference This assignment is due on the date published in the course syllabus.

Journal #2 Points Possible: 40 Due: __________________ Read: Chapter 1 of A Crime So Monstrous: Face-to-Face With Modern-Day Slavery by E. Benjamin Skinner Reminder: • Type and print your paper in black ink (do not submit your work in any other color). • Use Arial or Times New Roman font, 12 point. • Use 1 inch margins. • Double space your paper. • Number your pages. • Turn in a HARD COPY your paper at the beginning of class (do not email your work to me unless you are following the Sick Policy). • No two papers look the same! If you work with a friend on an assignment, your answers must be different or you will both receive no credit for the journal. • Write in your own words the answers to the questions below. • Turn in your paper to Safe Assignment. o It is due by Midnight on the day it is due in class. o If you fail to submit your paper by the deadline, then you will receive 0 points on the assignment. o If you turn in your paper to the wrong folder in Safe Assignment, then you will receive a 20% deduction to your grade. You must alert me immediately so you will be able to submit your paper into the correct folder. o If you are having Safe Assign problems: You have 3 days from the due date to alert me if you are having problems with your Safe Assign submission. Refer to the packet I distributed in class on how to check if your work was submitted correctly. After this time period, if you fail to let me know you will receive a 0 on your assignment. • No late work is accepted unless you have a documented emergency that I approve. • Number your answers. (If you fail to number your answers you will receive a deduction to your grade.) • When I ask for at least a paragraph, ½ page, or 1 page response: o Students who want a grade of an A or B must write more than the “at least” amount required. o Make sure that it is the length I require based on 1 inch margins. o If you do not know how to set up your numbers on the 1 inch margin, and your computer indents your responses in more than 1 inch, then provide more than a paragraph, ½ page, or 1 page to make it the appropriate length. • Question #9: You must include citations. Chapter 1 Questions: The Riches of the Poor 1. Google E. Benjamin Skinner. Include at least 7 characteristics about this author. (This question is worth 2 points.) Example: E. Benjamin Skinner a. educated from…. b. et cetera 2. How does Benjamin Skinner define slavery? 3. Tell me about the HIV infection in Haiti. 4. Describe what the slaves look like. 5. Tell me about the 1999 case (provide a few sentences in your own words). (This question is worth 2 points.) 6. What are the colonial effects of the French in Haiti? Include at least ½ a page double spaced to answer this question. (This question is worth 5 points.) 7. What happened to the sex slave that Nicholas Kristof bought and freed? 8. When Ben Skinner got malaria, who nursed him back to health? 9. Discuss the impact of the modern day slave trade in Haiti. Include at least 2 pages double spaced. You may only include examples from the book. (This question is worth 15 points.) a. You must include citations with #9. Epilogue: Read pages 294-295 to answer #10 (begin at “Writing to a friend” on page 294) 10. According to Skinner, what are some of the things that you can do to help alleviate the slave trade in the world? What will you do? 11. What will you do to help alleviate the problem of slavery in our world? What will you do in your personal life? Include organizations that do work to help end slavery. Please provide at least 1 page double spaced. (This question is worth 10 points.) Citation guidelines for Question #9 Failure to provide citations will result in a grade of a D or lower. Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation • If you summarize the author’s work (write the author’s idea into your own words): include the page number at the end of the paragraph. o Example: A summary would include a few sentences and at the end you would include the citation like this. Kevin Reilly, a professor at Raritan Valley College, discussed yada yada yada. Blah blah blah. Yada yada blah blah (12). o If you don’t say the author’s name in the sentence and you summarize their work it would look like this (Reilly 12). • If you paraphrase the author’s work (write the author’s idea into your own words): include the page number at the end of what you paraphrased. o Example: Your paraphrasing of Ben Skinner’s work is usually one sentence and it would look like this (32). o If you don’t say the author’s name in the sentence and you summarize their work it would look like this (Skinner 32). • If you include a quote: include the page number in parenthesis at the end of the sentence. o Example: According to Skinner, “your quote here” (12). o If you don’t say the author’s name in the sentence and you summarize their work “it would look like this” (Skinner 12). To learn more about citations, go to: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/02/

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4/5/2017 Research Paper https://slcc.instructure.com/courses/394610/assignments/3541294 1/4 Research Paper Due Saturday by 11:55pm Points 80 Submitting a text entry box or a file upload Available until Apr 9 at 11:59pm Submit Assignment Your research paper topic will be chosen from a disease that runs in your family. Genetics contribute to our risk of developing certain diseases and disorders. Researchers have found a genetic influence in many common disorders including heart disease, diabetes, depression, asthma, alcoholism, and certain forms of cancer. Knowing that a specific disease runs in your family allows you to watch for early warning signs and get screening tests more often than you otherwise would. Looking at your family health history can help you make important decisions about behaviors such as diet, maintaining a healthy weight, moderate alcohol consumption, and keeping physically active. For example, an individual with a family health history of high cholesterol and early heart disease can increase physical activity and pay special attention to certain aspects of their diet. Generally, the more relatives with a genetically linked disease and the closer they are related to you, the greater your risk of having the disease. Keep this in mind when choosing your research paper topic. If you do not use proper documentation (MLA or APA format look these up if you do not know what to do!) you will lose 25 points. Grading criteria is given below. Follow the steps below to help you complete the requirements for your research paper. 1. The content of your paper should include the following information about the disease, disorder, healthrelated condition or habit. Description Cause(s) Treatment Prevention Effect(s) of diet Effect(s) of activity/exercise 1. Use a minimum of five reliable sources. It is NEVER enough to simply put a URL or web link as a source on a Works Cited page. You must include titles of articles, names of authors and websites, dates of publication and/or dates you retrieved information, etc. Books Professional journals Personal interviews Reputable Internet sites Research articles ***See “Web Sites: Tips for Finding Reliable Health Information” at the bottom of this document. 3. You must document your research. Parenthetical citations must be used throughout your paper. You should put into your own words the information you learn from your research. Then, you must document from whom and where you found the information. This is done, for APA format, by putting the author’s name at the end of a sentence or paragraph with the date of the published information and enclosing it in parentheses. An example of this would be as follows: The six classes of nutrients are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water (Wardlaw, 2010). I found the information in our textbook and used it in my research paper. I must give Wardlaw credit for the information and tell the reader where they can find the information. 4. Write your paper in MLA or APA format. If you are not familiar with either of these writing styles, you can go online to a search engine like Google or www.ask.com (http://www.ask.com/) and type in either MLA or APA format. This will give you several documents that will help you with proper documentation and format and will give you some examples. 5. The minimum length of your paper is six pages, doublespaced; 12 font with 1” margins. The minimum length does not include a Title page or the Works Cited/Reference page. 6. Write your paper using a word doc., double spaced and a 12 pt. font with 1” margins. 7. Submit your research paper. NOTE: Attachments submitted in a format other than .doc; docx (Microsoft Word) or .rtf (rich text format) cannot be read. The criteria below will be used to grade your research paper. The research paper is worth 80 points. 4/5/2017 Research Paper https://slcc.instructure.com/courses/394610/assignments/3541294 2/4 40 points for Format Doublespaced 12 point font Correct margins Parenthetical citations with correct punctuation MLA/APA documentation – consistent, complete, correct Proper format for Works Cited/Reference page 40 points for Content Introduction Covers the 6 content topics listed above Attracts interest States thesis – may indicate a “plan of development” Sticks to the purpose of the paper Meets criteria of 5 reliable sources Meets criteria for length (6 pages) Clear method of organization, correct sentence structure, readability and sentence length, uses transitions when appropriate and helpful Grammar, spelling and punctuation Conclusion – brings paper to a natural and graceful end Web Sites: Tips for Finding Reliable Health Information: The following suggestions may help when you are surfing the Web for health information. Domain names Choose sites with domain names that end in .gov or .edu, whenever possible. Many sites with a domain name ending in .org also are good sources of information. Although many domains ending with .com are reliable sources of information, this varies widely by site, and consumers should use good judgment when determining the validity and accuracy of information found on these sites. Mission statements Look for a mission statement that describes the organization and what its values are. Credentials and affiliations Look for the author’s credentials. Registered dietitians (RDs) are the best sources of nutrition information. People with the designations of master of public health (MPH) or certified health education specialist (CHES) also are reliable sources of information. Note that the designation “nutritionist” varies by state and does not always imply a formal education. Also research the author’s affiliations to determine if any conflict of interest exists. Updates Look for a recent date of last update to ensure that the information is timely. Peerreviewed content Look for peerreviewed information. This means that the article was checked for accuracy by a team of other welleducated professionals. Contact us Reliable Web sites will provide an email address for questions and feedback. References Articles should include references, as well as other reliable sources of information. Claims Beware of unrealistic claims, and remember that if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Never trust a Web site that implies that you can replace the nutrition of whole foods with supplements. Do not believe any claims that ask you to eliminate an entire group of food from your diet (eg, all carbohydrates or all dairy). Suggested Web sites 4/5/2017 Research Paper https://slcc.instructure.com/courses/394610/assignments/3541294 3/4 www.americanheart.org (http://www.americanheart.org/) : Provides nutrition and lifestyle advice to prevent and treat heart disease. Includes sections for patients, caregivers, health care professionals, researchers, and scientists. www.cancer.org (http://www.cancer.org/) : Offers information about the prevention and treatment of cancer. Features a Great American Eat Right Challenge section, including cooking and shopping tips, weight control guidance, and recipes. www.cspinet.org (http://www.cspinet.org/) : Features useful consumer information through the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a consumer advocacy organization with twin missions—“to conduct innovative research and advocacy programs in health and nutrition, and to provide consumers with current, useful information about their health and wellbeing.” www.diabetes.org (http://www.diabetes.org/) : Includes diabetes research and information about the disease and treatment. Also provides information about preventing diabetes, special sections for parents and kids, and advocacy tips and resources. www.eatright.org (http://www.eatright.org/) : Contains nutrition information, nutritionrelated legislation, and a tool for locating a dietitian in your geographical location. www.fda.gov (http://www.fda.gov/) : Listsinformation from the US Food and Drug Administration about food safety, including food recalls, food additives, dietary supplements, and special interest areas broken down by age and sex. www.foodallergy.org (http://www.foodallergy.org/) : Provides information about common food allergies, anaphylaxis, advocacy, and research, as well as recipes and articles written specifically for the newly diagnosed, schools, and child care. www.mayohealth.org (http://www.mayohealth.org/) : Offers comprehensive guides on hundreds of conditions and a symptom search tool, as well as information on prescription and overthecounter drugs, medical tests and procedures, and tools for healthy living. www.ncahf.org (http://www.ncahf.org/) : Contains evaluations or food and nutrition fads and fallacies, provided by the National Council Against Health Fraud. www.niddk.nih.gov (http://www.niddk.nih.gov/) : Features information about diabetes, digestive health, and kidney disease, including nutrition tips, current research, and treatment options. Owned by the National Institutes of Health, the site offers quizzes to test your knowledge base, tutorials, slide shows, videos, podcasts, lesson plans, and classroom activities. www.nutrition.gov (http://www.nutrition.gov/) : Lists information on nutrition and dietary guidance from multiple government agencies, including the US Dept of Agriculture and the US Dept of Health and Human Services. http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/ (http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/) : Includes information from the National Institutes of Health about metabolic bone diseases, including osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other disorders. www.usda.gov (http://www.usda.gov/) : Provides information on food safety, MyPlate guidelines, child nutrition programs, and other information. Also on the Food and Nutrition Page, you can access the What’s in the Foods You Eat search tool, which allows you to view nutrient profiles for 13,000 foods commonly eaten in the United States. www.vrg.org (http://www.vrg.org/) : Offers vegetarian recipes and nutrition information. Others Sports Nutrition www.ais.org.au/nutrition/ (http://www.ais.org.au/nutrition/) www.gssiweb.org (http://www.gssiweb.org/) www.sportsnutritionsociety.org (http://www.sportsnutritionsociety.org/) www.extension.iastate.edu/nutrition/sport (http://www.extension.iastate.edu/nutrition/sport) www.scandpg.org (http://www.scandpg.org/) http://nutrition.arizona.edu/new/publications (http://nutrition.arizona.edu/new/publications) www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/hsnut (http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/hsnut) Eating Disorders www.anred.com (http://www.anred.com/) 4/5/2017 Research Paper https://slcc.instructure.com/courses/394610/assignments/3541294 4/4 www.edap.com (http://www.edap.com/) www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/eatingdisorders.cfm (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/eatingdisorders.cfm) Dietary Supplements http://abc.herbalgram.org (http://abc.herbalgram.org/) http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010301/913.html (http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010301/913.html) http://www.consumerlab.com/ (http://www.consumerlab.com/) http://www.supplementwatch.com/ (http://www.supplementwatch.com/) www.naturaldatabase.com (http://www.naturaldatabase.com/) www.ncaa.org (http://www.ncaa.org/) www.drugfreesport.com (http://www.drugfreesport.com/) http://dietarysupplements. nih.gov/ (http://dietarysupplements. nih.gov/) Exercise www.aahperd.org (http://www.aahperd.org/) www.acefitness.org (http://www.acefitness.org/) www.acsm.org (http://www.acsm.org/) www.ideafit.com (http://www.ideafit.com/) www.nata.org (http://www.nata.org/) www.nscalift. org (http://www.nscalift. org/) www.physsportsmed.com (http://www.physsportsmed.com/) http://exerciseismedicine.org/ (http://exerciseismedicine.org/) www.humankinetics.com (http://www.humankinetics.com/)

In making ethical decision, mental health counselors should abide by all but which if these principles ? a) Beneficience and nonmaleficence b) Justice and fidelity c) Common sense and autonomy d) Personal gain

1 ACTIVITY PURPOSE The purpose of this activity is to give you practice preparing a four-week work schedule. PROCESS Follow the steps listed below to prepare a schedule. 1. Read the Information Sheet: Scheduling Employees. 2. The pay week for this medical record service runs Sunday – Saturday. The pay period is two pay weeks. Each full-time employee cannot work more than 40 hours per pay week, or 80 hours per pay period. Each part-time employee works 20 hours per pay week – 40 hours per pay period. 3. The first Friday of the four – week period is a holiday. 4. The medical record service has 24 hour coverage, seven days a week. All full-time employees work a five day pay week, eight hours per day, with rotating weekend coverage. Part-time employees work four hours Monday – Friday, except for their rotation weekend. On those days they work an eight hour shift. Remember to adjust their time accordingly. 5. The Assistant Director and all supervisors, except the Tumor Registry Supervisor, should be scheduled for rotating weekend coverage. 2 6. All employees, except the Tumor Registry employees, should be scheduled on a rotating basis for weekend coverage. 7. For weekend and holiday coverage, there needs to be at least two clerks and one transcriptionist on days and evenings, one clerk and one transcriptionist at night. 8. The Department Director has scheduled a two – week vacation for the first two full weeks of the four – week schedule. 9. Employees who work holidays must take the holiday time within the pay period in which the holiday occurs. 10.Use the following marks on the schedule: X – work eight hours V – vacation H – holiday D – day off 4 – hours for part-time employees 3 PERSONNEL OF HUFFMAN MEMORIAL MEDICAL RECORD DEPARTMENT DAYS (7:00 A.M. – 3:30 P.M.) Director Diane Lucas Assistant Director JoAnn DeWitt Coding 1 Supervisor – Nina Long 3 Coding/PAS Clerks – Cheryl Newman Pam Rogers Janet Bennett Transcription 1 Supervisor – 6 Transcribers – Jessica DuBois Eileen Andrews Iris Williams Diane Henderson Vivian Thomas Lois Fisher Emma Daily Filing/Retrieval 1 Supervisor – 4 Clerks – 1 Part-time Clerk – Bill James Darlene Cook Janice Stivers Larry Patterson Don Williamson Susan Evanston Tumor Registry 1 Supervisor – 1 Clerk – 1 Part-time Clerk – Mabel Smith Pauline Erskine Suzanne Chapman EVENING (3:00 P.M. – 11:00 P.M.) Transcription 1 Part-time – Beth Richman Filing/Retrieval 1 Supervisor – 2 Clerks – 1 Part-time Clerk – Daniel Johnson Harry Skinner Matthew Scott Anne Madison NIGHTS (11:00 P.M. – 7:00 A.M.) Transcription 3 Transcribers – Louise Wilson Jane Matters Nancy Lipman Filing/Retrieval 2 Clerks – Lily Jamison Helen Benson 4 INFORMATION SHEET SCHEDULING EMPLOYEES In addition to the planning, organizing and controlling of a medical record service, managers must accurately plan the work pattern for employees. This plan must insure that all duties are adequately covered, all shifts have sufficient numbers of people to perform duties, and employees are given appropriate days off. Scheduling encompasses both short term and long term plans. Short term scheduling involves planning work on a daily and/or weekly basis. Long term scheduling generally covers a four – to six – week time period, as well as yearly planning for holidays. In larger health care facilities with the medical record service providing 24 hour service, seven days a week, advanced planning is a requisite to a smooth operation. In smaller facilities with shorter hours of service, the schedule is less complex. The number of employees needed for weekend work for those facilities open on weekends is totally dependent upon the weekend workload. A volume of seventy (70) to ninety (90) discharges per day generally requires two (2) medical record clerks to process those discharges, as well as to perform the other daily responsibilities of the medical record service. It is also advisable to schedule a supervisor during the weekend in the event that any problems arise which a clerk might not be able to handle (i.e. medico-legal questions, irate patients or physicians). If you work in a department that has an active work 5 measurement program, valuable scheduling information can be obtained from the data reported. In planning for holidays, it is important to remember to: 1. obtain employee preferences for which holidays they might choose to work; 2. keep track of who has worked which holidays; 3. if a holiday occurs on a Friday or a Monday and the employee must work on the holiday, try to give them a Friday or Monday off to compensate. It is important for you to be fair in terms of assigning employees weekend work and scheduling Holidays. Everyone should share the responsibility equally. If you have all supervisors work one weekend per month, then that schedule should be followed. If you have clerks working every other weekend, then that pattern should be followed consistently. When preparing a schedule it is best to put in all the “givens” first. For example, if you have vacations scheduled for the four weeks you’re preparing, then those should be marked in first. Also included in this category would be employees who do not work weekends (i.e. personnel in the Tumor Registry). Once all work times have been scheduled, you must be certain that an employee receives two (2) days off for every seven (7) days. If an employee works more than forty (40) hours in one (1) week, the facility must pat time-an-a-half for all hours over forty. Some facilities are experimenting with a variety of scheduling techniques: flex time and the four-day work week. Both techniques have been 6 heavily debated. The final questions regarding these nontraditional alternatives end up being: 1. Are your employees willing to try it? 2. Are you ready to handle the extra planning these alternatives may warrant? 3. Do you have the necessary resources, including equipment, to accommodate a nontraditional scheduling alternative? 4. Will administrator of the facility support your proposal? Once you have established answers to those questions you are ready to embark on a new technique of scheduling. Scheduling employees can be one of the most challenging tasks that a manager faces. Whether you elect to try one of the nontraditional alternatives or use the five-day work week, the manager must: 1. be fair; 2. apply all guidelines to every employee consistently 3. utilize all available data to arrive at appropriate numbers for weekend and holiday staffing requirements; and 4. maximize the utilization of equipment and resources.

A factor that positively affected the state of women’s health care is: Question 3 options: the entry of women into the workforce during World War II Political attempts to control the distribution of information about reproductive options the treatment of menopause as an “illness” the different treatments for men and women suffering from heart disease

Which of following is an accurate statement if a mental health counselor is having feelings towards a clients a) Automatically means that the helper is having countertransference reactions b) May be an indicator that the helper is feeling deep empathy and compassion for the client c) Indicates that a referral may be in order d) Is dysfunctional and creates problems in the counseling process that need to be addressed e) Means that the helper is over-identifying with the client’s issues.