Antibiotics are specific metabolic products that have high physiological activity towards the specific groups of organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and malignant tumours, while inhibiting their growth or destroying them. The most common groups of antibiotics that are used in veterinary medicine are tetracyclines, β-lactams, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, oxazolidinones and phenicols. Screening and confirmation methods are used for determination of antibiotic residues. Thermal treatment can affect the stability and degradation of antibiotics in food. The main concerns related to antibiotic residues in food are potential selection and spreading of antibiotic resistant genes among bacteria that are transmitted by food, disruption of intestinal homeostasis of human microflora, and possible allergic reactions. Current knowledge about the impact of antibiotic residues in food on humans is not sufficient to confirm with certainty in which ways these residues may affect human health.