Arch Linux is an independently developed, [[Wikipedia:P6 (microarchitecture)|i686]]/[[Wikipedia:x86-64|x86-64]] general purpose GNU/Linux distribution versatile enough to suit any role. Development focuses on simplicity, minimalism, and code elegance. Arch is installed as a minimal base system, configured by the user upon which their own ideal environment is assembled by installing only what is required or desired for their unique purposes. GUI configuration utilities are not officially provided, and most system configuration is performed from the shell and a text editor. Based on a rolling-release model, Arch strives to stay bleeding edge, and typically offers the latest stable versions of most software.

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== What is Arch Linux? ==

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== History ==

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Arch Linux is an independently developed i686/x86-64 optimized community distribution, based on a rolling-release package model and targeted at competent GNU/Linux users. Development focuses on a balance of minimalism, elegance, code correctness and modernity. Version 0.1 (Homer) was released March 11, 2002.

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:''Main article: [[History of Arch Linux]]''

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== Advantages ==

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Arch Linux was founded by Canadian programmer Judd Vinet. Its first formal release, Arch Linux 0.1, was on March 11, 2002. Although Arch is completely independent, it draws inspiration from the simplicity of other distributions including [http://slackware.com Slackware], [http://www.crux.nu CRUX] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution BSD]. In 2007, Judd Vinet stepped down as Project Lead to pursue other interests and was replaced by American programmer Aaron Griffin who continues to lead the project today.

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Arch provides a minimal environment upon installation, (no GUI), already compiled and optimized for i686/x86-64 architectures. Arch is lightweight, flexible and simple. Its design philosophy and implementation makes it easy to extend and mold into whatever kind of system you're building- from a minimalist console machine to the most grandiose and feature rich desktop environments available. Rather than tearing out unneeded and unwanted packages, Arch offers the power user the ability to build up from a minimal foundation without any defaults chosen for them. It is ''the user'' who decides what Arch Linux will be.

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== Simplicity ==

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Following [[The Arch Way]] philosophy, Arch Linux is lightweight, flexible, simple and aims to be very UNIX-like. A minimal environment (no GUI) compiled for i686/x86-64 architectures is provided upon installation: rather than tearing out unneeded and unwanted packages, the user is offered the ability to build up from a minimal foundation without any preemptively-chosen defaults. Arch's design philosophy and implementation make it easy to extend and mold into whatever kind of system is required, from a minimalist console machine to the most grandiose and feature-rich desktop environments available: it is ''the user'' who decides what his Arch system will be.

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== Modernity ==

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== Unique Package Management ==

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Arch Linux strives to maintain the latest stable release versions of its software as long as systemic package breakage can be reasonably avoided. It is based on a [[Wikipedia:Rolling release|rolling-release]] system, which allows a one-time installation with continuous upgrades, without ever having to reinstall and without having to perform the elaborate procedures involved in system upgrades from one release version to the next. By issuing one command, an Arch system is kept up-to-date and on the bleeding edge.

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Arch is backed by an easy-to-use binary package system - [[pacman]] - that allows you to upgrade your entire system with one command. Pacman is coded in '''C''' and designed from the ground up to be lightweight, simple and very fast. Arch also uses a ports-like package build system ([[ABS - The Arch Build System|Arch Build System]]) to make it easy to build and install packages from source, which can also be synchronized with one command. You can even rebuild your entire system with one command. Everything is done quite simply and transparently.

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The rolling release model allows one-time installation and continuous seamless upgrades, without ever having to reinstall or perform elaborate system upgrades from one version to the next.

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== Modernity==

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Arch incorporates many of the newer features available to GNU/Linux users, including the [[systemd]] init system, modern filesystems (Ext2/3/4, Reiser, XFS, JFS, BTRFS), LVM2/EVMS, software RAID, udev support and initcpio (with [[mkinitcpio]]), as well as the latest available kernels.

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Arch Linux strives to maintain the latest stable version of its software, based on a rolling-release system. We currently support a streamlined core package set for the minimal i686 and x86-64 base systems, thousands of additional, high-quality binary packages among both developer and user maintained repositories, and many thousands of PKGBUILD scripts, for building and packaging from source. Arch provides non-patched, vanilla software; packages are offered from pure upstream sources, how the author originally intended it be distributed. Patching only occurs in extremely rare cases, to prevent severe breakage in the instance of version mismatches that may occur within a rolling release model.

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Arch incorporates many of the newer features available to GNU/Linux users, including modern filesystems (Ext2/3, Reiser, XFS, JFS), LVM2/EVMS, software RAID, udev support and initcpio, as well as the latest available kernels.

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== Simplicity ==

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== Software Packaging ==

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[[The Arch Way]] is a philosophy aimed at keeping it simple. The Arch Linux base system is quite simply the minimal, yet functional GNU/Linux environment; the Linux kernel, GNU toolchain, and a handful of optional, extra command line utilities like '''links''' and '''Vi'''. This clean and simple starting point provides a rock solid base for expanding the system into whatever the user requires.

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Arch is backed by [[pacman]], an easy-to-use binary [[Wikipedia:Package manager|package manager]] that allows you to upgrade your entire system with one command. Pacman is coded in ''C'' and designed from the ground up to be lightweight, simple and very fast. Arch also provides the [[Arch Build System]], a ports-like system to make it easy to build and install packages from source, which can also be synchronized with one command. You can even rebuild your entire system with one command.

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Supporting i686 and x86-64 architectures, Arch's [[Official Repositories]] provide several thousands of high-quality packages to meet your software demands. In addition, Arch encourages community growth and contribution by offering the [[Arch User Repository]], which contains many thousands of user-maintained PKGBUILD scripts for compiling installable packages from source using the ''makepkg'' application. It is also possible for users to easily build and maintain their own custom repositories.

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== Source Integrity ==

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Arch's simple init system is heavily inspired by the *BSD way of incorporating calls from a ''single file'', (etc/rc.conf), rather than a convoluted directory structure containing symlinks for each runlevel.

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Arch provides non-patched, vanilla software; packages are offered from pure [[Wikipedia:upstream (software development)|upstream]] sources, how the author originally intended it to be distributed. Patching only occurs in extremely rare cases, to prevent severe breakage in the instance of version mismatches that may occur within a rolling release model.

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System configuration is achieved through editing simple text files.

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== Community ==

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The Arch community is very dependable, lively and welcoming: all ''Archers'' are encouraged to participate and contribute to the distribution, be it helping with the development of the core software, maintaining packages, reporting or fixing [https://bugs.archlinux.org/ bugs], improving the [[Main Page|ArchWiki documentation]], helping other users solving problems or just exchanging opinions in the [https://bbs.archlinux.org/ forums], [https://mailman.archlinux.org/mailman/listinfo/ mailing lists], [[IRC Channels]], or sharing one's knowledge or even self-developed applications. Arch Linux is the operating system of choice for many people around the globe, and there exist several [[International Communities|international communities]] that offer help and provide documentation in many different languages.

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See [[Getting Involved]] if you feel you want to become an active member of the community.

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== Further Reading ==

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== Summary ==

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Arch's home page is at http://www.archlinux.org/ where you can also find links to the user forums, official documentation, and everything else that is Arch. You can also read [[The Arch Way]] for a bit more insight in case you missed it here.

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To summarize: Arch Linux is a versatile and simple distribution designed to fit the needs of the competent Linux&reg; user. It is both powerful and easy to manage, making it an ideal distro for servers and workstations. Take it in any direction you like: if you share this vision of what a GNU/Linux distribution should be, then you are welcomed and encouraged to use it freely, get involved, and contribute to the community. Welcome to Arch!

Revision as of 00:08, 6 December 2012

zh-CN:Arch Linuxzh-TW:Arch Linux
Arch Linux is an independently developed, i686/x86-64 general purpose GNU/Linux distribution versatile enough to suit any role. Development focuses on simplicity, minimalism, and code elegance. Arch is installed as a minimal base system, configured by the user upon which their own ideal environment is assembled by installing only what is required or desired for their unique purposes. GUI configuration utilities are not officially provided, and most system configuration is performed from the shell and a text editor. Based on a rolling-release model, Arch strives to stay bleeding edge, and typically offers the latest stable versions of most software.

Contents

History

Arch Linux was founded by Canadian programmer Judd Vinet. Its first formal release, Arch Linux 0.1, was on March 11, 2002. Although Arch is completely independent, it draws inspiration from the simplicity of other distributions including Slackware, CRUX and BSD. In 2007, Judd Vinet stepped down as Project Lead to pursue other interests and was replaced by American programmer Aaron Griffin who continues to lead the project today.

Simplicity

Following The Arch Way philosophy, Arch Linux is lightweight, flexible, simple and aims to be very UNIX-like. A minimal environment (no GUI) compiled for i686/x86-64 architectures is provided upon installation: rather than tearing out unneeded and unwanted packages, the user is offered the ability to build up from a minimal foundation without any preemptively-chosen defaults. Arch's design philosophy and implementation make it easy to extend and mold into whatever kind of system is required, from a minimalist console machine to the most grandiose and feature-rich desktop environments available: it is the user who decides what his Arch system will be.

Modernity

Arch Linux strives to maintain the latest stable release versions of its software as long as systemic package breakage can be reasonably avoided. It is based on a rolling-release system, which allows a one-time installation with continuous upgrades, without ever having to reinstall and without having to perform the elaborate procedures involved in system upgrades from one release version to the next. By issuing one command, an Arch system is kept up-to-date and on the bleeding edge.

Arch incorporates many of the newer features available to GNU/Linux users, including the systemd init system, modern filesystems (Ext2/3/4, Reiser, XFS, JFS, BTRFS), LVM2/EVMS, software RAID, udev support and initcpio (with mkinitcpio), as well as the latest available kernels.

Software Packaging

Arch is backed by pacman, an easy-to-use binary package manager that allows you to upgrade your entire system with one command. Pacman is coded in C and designed from the ground up to be lightweight, simple and very fast. Arch also provides the Arch Build System, a ports-like system to make it easy to build and install packages from source, which can also be synchronized with one command. You can even rebuild your entire system with one command.

Supporting i686 and x86-64 architectures, Arch's Official Repositories provide several thousands of high-quality packages to meet your software demands. In addition, Arch encourages community growth and contribution by offering the Arch User Repository, which contains many thousands of user-maintained PKGBUILD scripts for compiling installable packages from source using the makepkg application. It is also possible for users to easily build and maintain their own custom repositories.

Source Integrity

Arch provides non-patched, vanilla software; packages are offered from pure upstream sources, how the author originally intended it to be distributed. Patching only occurs in extremely rare cases, to prevent severe breakage in the instance of version mismatches that may occur within a rolling release model.

Community

The Arch community is very dependable, lively and welcoming: all Archers are encouraged to participate and contribute to the distribution, be it helping with the development of the core software, maintaining packages, reporting or fixing bugs, improving the ArchWiki documentation, helping other users solving problems or just exchanging opinions in the forums, mailing lists, IRC Channels, or sharing one's knowledge or even self-developed applications. Arch Linux is the operating system of choice for many people around the globe, and there exist several international communities that offer help and provide documentation in many different languages.

See Getting Involved if you feel you want to become an active member of the community.

Summary

To summarize: Arch Linux is a versatile and simple distribution designed to fit the needs of the competent Linux® user. It is both powerful and easy to manage, making it an ideal distro for servers and workstations. Take it in any direction you like: if you share this vision of what a GNU/Linux distribution should be, then you are welcomed and encouraged to use it freely, get involved, and contribute to the community. Welcome to Arch!