Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is a growing threat globally. The large TB by treating all patients as in-patients in a specialized tuberculosis (TB) hospital. The clinics, increase in the incidence ...

Introduction: In-house contamination of drinking water stored in wide-mouthed buckets (even with lids) has been widely reported in epidemiologic investigations as vehicles for diarrhoea disease transmission. The long handled ...

Background: Namibia is one of the sub-Saharan African countries where diabetes mellitus ranks among the top ten health conditions contributing to the disease burden and among the top 15 in-patient causes of death. An ...

Teenage childbearing interferes with girls' educational attainment in many settings, as it frequently marks the end of their schooling. While the right to education is guaranteed in the Constitution and its Education Act ...

It is well documented that mortality rates have decreased and the survival of HIV and AIDS patients has been prolonged since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996. Although HAART has ...

Background: Zimbabwe has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in sub-Saharan Africa, with the adult prevalence rate at 15%. The HIV prevalence is highest among adult women, at 18%. Mother-to-child transmission is the ...

Background: HIV has reached epidemic proportions globally with Sub-Saharan Africa carrying the greatest burden (71%). It is estimated that there are 37 million people world-wide infected with HIV, and an estimated 6.8 ...

Introduction: Despite overwhelming evidence about benefits of early initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV-exposed children in terms of reducing their morbidity and mortality, there are children in Uganda and ...

Kanyerere, Joyce Robertson Ng'oma(University of the Western Cape, 2016)

Background: Millennium Development Goal 7 was to ensure environmental sustainability by aiming to halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic sanitation and safe drinking water by the year 2015. The ...

Since the introduction in 2005 of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services in Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria the PMTCT programme has faced several challenges including that of poor male participation ...

Background: Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in low and middle-income countries. Traffic police reports indicate that RTAs are amongst the commonest ...

Background: Botswana has one of the highest TB incidence rates in the world. Tuberculosis in those without HIV infection accounts for 13% of adult mortality and in those living with TB and HIV in Botswana account for 40% ...

Background: The incidence of tuberculosis in South Africa last measured at 834 in 2015 as reported by the World Bank. Out of these cases, only 54% cured and 13% of patients stop taking treatment. In Pretoria, Gauteng, ...

Dual protection is protection against unwanted pregnancy, HIV and other sexually
transmitted infections and a means of achieving safer sex and birth control (WHO, 2012). It is one of the essential tools promoted by the ...

Ensuring that routine health information systems provide good quality information for informed decision making and planning in health systems remain a major priority in several countries and health systems. The lack of use ...

India has the highest prevalence of child malnutrition in the world and is ranked among the worst performing Commonwealth countries in terms of child undernutrition. This poor performance is despite the implementation of ...

Introduction: Health Sector Reform was initiated as a component of the Structural
Adjustment Policies that were imposed on the developing countries by the
international monetary organizations such as the International ...

Introduction: The Universal Safety Precautions (USP) are a set of principles including practices and protocols, which is meant to reduce or prevent occupational exposures to blood borne pathogens among health care workers ...