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Early retina cell changes in glaucoma identifiedGlaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness, usually stems from elevated eye pressure, which in turn damages and destroys specialized neurons in the eye known as retinal ganglion cells. To better understand these cellular changes and how they influence the progression and severity of glaucoma, researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and Shiley Eye Institute turned to a mouse model of the disease. Their study, published Feb. 10 in The Journal of Neuroscience, reveals how some types of retinal ganglion cells alter their structures within seven days of elevated eye pressure, while others do not.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-02-early-retina-cell-glaucoma.html
NeuroscienceWed, 11 Feb 2015 17:08:27 ESTnews342896901Development of four early retinal cell types integral to normal visionUniversity at Buffalo researchers have discovered what regulates generation of the early neurons in the retina during embryonic development. The findings provide clues to how cellular diversity is created in the central nervous system.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-10-early-retinal-cell-vision.html
Medical researchThu, 30 Oct 2014 07:30:04 ESTnews333871589Getting rid of old mitochondria: Some neurons turn to neighbors to help take out the trashIt's broadly assumed that cells degrade and recycle their own old or damaged organelles, but researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Kennedy Krieger Institute have discovered that some neurons transfer unwanted mitochondria – the tiny power plants inside cells – to supporting glial cells called astrocytes for disposal.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-06-mitochondria-neurons-neighbors-trash.html
NeuroscienceMon, 16 Jun 2014 16:49:15 ESTnews322156139Making artificial vision look more naturalIn laboratory tests, researchers have used electrical stimulation of retinal cells to produce the same patterns of activity that occur when the retina sees a moving object. Although more work remains, this is a step toward restoring natural, high-fidelity vision to blind people, the researchers say. The work was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-06-artificial-vision-natural.html
NeuroscienceThu, 05 Jun 2014 12:00:09 ESTnews321188203JHU biologists identify new neural pathway in eyes that aids in visionA type of retina cell plays a more critical role in vision than previously known, a team led by Johns Hopkins University researchers has discovered.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-05-jhu-biologists-neural-pathway-eyes.html
NeuroscienceWed, 21 May 2014 14:16:24 ESTnews319900567New technique classifies retinal neurons into 15 categories, including some previously unknown typesAs we scan a scene, many types of neurons in our retinas interact to analyze different aspects of what we see and form a cohesive image. Each type is specialized to respond to a particular variety of visual input—for example, light or darkness, the edges of an object, or movement in a certain direction.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-03-technique-retinal-neurons-categories-previously.html
NeuroscienceMon, 24 Mar 2014 08:26:19 ESTnews314868366Team finds a new structure in dogs' eye linked to blinding retinal diseasesIn humans, a tiny area in the center of the retina called the fovea is critically important to viewing fine details. Densely packed with cone photoreceptor cells, it is used while reading, driving and gazing at objects of interest. Some animals have a similar feature in their eyes, but researchers believed that among mammals the fovea was unique to primates—until now.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-03-team-dogs-eye-linked-retinal.html
OphthalmologyThu, 06 Mar 2014 01:23:15 ESTnews313291369Research maze puts images on floor, where rodents lookA rodent in a maze is a staple—even a stereotype—of experimental psychology research. But the maze in the lab of Rebecca Burwell, professor of cognitive, linguistic, and psychological sciences at Brown University, is not your grandfather's apparatus. In a new video article published in the Journal of Visualized Experiments, Burwell's research group demonstrates in full detail how the maze can be used to perform automated visual cognitive research tasks with great efficiency.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-02-maze-images-floor-rodents.html
NeuroscienceWed, 26 Feb 2014 14:50:14 ESTnews312648597Photopharmacology: Optoswitches turn pain off and sight onPhotoreactive compounds developed by scientists of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU) in Munich directly modulate nerve-cell function, and open new routes to the treatment of neurological diseases, including chronic pain and certain types of visual impairment.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-02-photopharmacology-optoswitches-pain-sight.html
OphthalmologyWed, 26 Feb 2014 14:04:28 ESTnews312645849Cells from the eye are inkjet-printed for the first time(Medical Xpress)—A group of researchers from Cambridge have used inkjet printing technology to successfully print cells taken from the eye for the very first time.The breakthrough, which has been detailed in a paper published in IOP Publishing's journal Biofabrication, could lead to the production of artificial tissue grafts made from the variety of cells found in the human retina and may aid in the search to cure blindness.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-01-cells-eye-inkjet-printed.html
Medical researchTue, 07 Jan 2014 07:45:37 ESTnews308303125Cells from the eye are inkjet printed for the first timeA group of researchers from the UK have used inkjet printing technology to successfully print cells taken from the eye for the very first time.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-12-cells-eye-inkjet.html
Medical researchTue, 17 Dec 2013 19:00:01 ESTnews306509906Can the eyes help diagnose Alzheimer's disease?An international team of researchers studying the link between vision loss and Alzheimer's disease report that the loss of a particular layer of retinal cells not previously investigated may reveal the disease's presence and provide a new way to track disease progression.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-11-eyes-alzheimer-disease.html
Alzheimer's disease & dementiaWed, 13 Nov 2013 11:29:58 ESTnews303564584Scientists shed light on brain computations(Medical Xpress)—University of Queensland (UQ) scientists have made a fundamental breakthrough into how the brain decodes the visual world.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-10-scientists-brain.html
NeuroscienceWed, 30 Oct 2013 08:50:02 ESTnews302340164Scientists discover previously unknown requirement for brain developmentScientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies have demonstrated that sensory regions in the brain develop in a fundamentally different way than previously thought, a finding that may yield new insights into visual and neural disorders.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-06-scientists-previously-unknown-requirement-brain.html
NeuroscienceFri, 21 Jun 2013 09:02:41 ESTnews291024154Stem cell research could expand clinical use of regenerative human cellsResearch led by a biology professor in the School of Science at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) has uncovered a method to produce retinal cells from regenerative human stem cells without the use of animal products, proteins or other foreign substances, which historically have limited the application of stem cells to treat disease and other human developmental disorders.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-03-stem-cell-clinical-regenerative-human.html
Medical researchTue, 19 Mar 2013 16:05:28 ESTnews282927852Cell death in retina helps tune our internal clocks(Medical Xpress)—With every sunrise and sunset, our eyes make note of the light as it waxes and wanes, a process that is critical to aligning our circadian rhythms to match the solar day so we are alert during the day and restful at night. Watching the sun come and go sounds like a peaceful process, but Johns Hopkins scientists have discovered that behind the scenes, millions of specialized cells in our eyes are fighting for their lives to help the retina set the stage to keep our internal clocks ticking.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-03-cell-death-retina-tune-internal.html
NeuroscienceTue, 05 Mar 2013 17:56:25 ESTnews281728538The end of a dogma: Bipolar cells generate action potentialsTo make information transmission to the brain reliable, the retina first has to "digitize" the image. Until now, it was widely believed that this step takes place in the retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons of the retina. Scientists in the lab of Thomas Euler at the University of Tübingen, the Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and the Bernstein Center Tübingen were now able to show that already bipolar cells can generate "digital" signals. At least three types of mouse BC showed clear evidence of fast and stereotypic action potentials, so called "spikes". These results show that the retina is by no means as well understood as is commonly believed.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-12-dogma-bipolar-cells-action-potentials.html
Medical researchWed, 19 Dec 2012 09:23:27 ESTnews275131395Like coffee, blue light keeps night drivers alert(Medical Xpress)—Researchers from the Université Bordeaux Segalen, France, and their Swedish colleagues have recently demonstrated that constant exposure to blue light is as effective as coffee at improving night drivers' alertness. Based on tests conducted in real driving conditions, the results have been published in the journal PLoS One. They could pave the way for the development of an electronic anti-sleep system to be built into vehicles. Before then, the scientists will be testing this equipment in a broader range of situations.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-11-coffee-blue-night-drivers.html
OtherFri, 23 Nov 2012 06:27:19 ESTnews272874384Chronic exposure to light at night causes depression, learning issues, research showsFor most of history, humans rose with the sun and slept when it set. Enter Thomas Edison, and with a flick of a switch, night became day, enabling us to work, play and post cat and kid photos on Facebook into the wee hours.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-11-chronic-exposure-night-depression-issues.html
Medical researchWed, 14 Nov 2012 13:00:13 ESTnews272112010Burst of fetal neural activity necessary for vision(Medical Xpress)—A sudden and mysterious burst of activity originating in the retina of a developing fetus spurs brain connections that are essential to development of finely-tuned sight, Yale researchers report in the journal Nature. Interference with this spontaneous wave of activity could play a role in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, the scientists speculate.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-10-fetal-neural-vision.html
NeuroscienceThu, 11 Oct 2012 07:06:30 ESTnews269157982Targeted X-ray treatment of mice prevents glaucomaJackson Laboratory researchers have demonstrated that a single, targeted x-ray treatment of an individual eye in young, glaucoma-prone mice provided that eye with apparently life-long and typically complete protection from glaucoma.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-03-x-ray-treatment-mice-glaucoma.html
OphthalmologyMon, 19 Mar 2012 12:00:08 ESTnews251374828Stress pathway identified as potential therapeutic target to prevent vision lossA new study identifies specific cell-stress signaling pathways that link injury of the optic nerve with irreversible vision loss. The research, published by Cell Press in the February 9 issue of the journal Neuron, may lead to new strategies that will help to protect vulnerable neurons in the retina after optic nerve damage and diseases.http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-02-stress-pathway-potential-therapeutic-vision.html
NeuroscienceWed, 08 Feb 2012 12:00:01 ESTnews247918616