Keywords: Spain, Catalonia, open economy, net export, foreign investmentsOne of the key events in Europe today is the discussion regarding the results of Catalonia's independence referendum and the following possible scenarios. In this context, it is very important to analyze and identify the role and importance of Catalonia in the Spanish economy. This article analyzed and compared a number of Spanish and Catalonian economic indicators based on which Catalonia's weight was revealed in the Spanish economy, as well as number of positive and negative factors were presented that could influence on Catalonia in case of getting independence.