Water Purification System

MEDIA FILTER

The Media filter is used for the filtration from water of visible dirt of suspended matter (turbidity) due to silt, sand, organic matter, and rust type particles. These units use silica sand or gravel as the filter media and are effective in removing sediment and cloudiness from water. Media filters must be back washed periodically to clean the suspended matter from the filter media and flush it down the drain.

A media filter is a type of filter that uses a bed of Silica Sand, crushed granite or other material to filter water for drinking, swimming pools, aquaculture, irrigation, stormwater management and other applications.

One design brings the water in the top of a container through a "header" which distributes the water evenly. The filter "media" start with fine sand on the top and then graduatingly coarser sand in a number of layers followed by gravel on the bottom, in gradually larger sizes. The top sand physically removes particles from the water. The job of the subsequent layers is to support the finer layer above and provide efficient drainage.

WHAT IS SILICIA SAND

The most common constituent of sand, in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings, is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO2), usually in the form of quartz, which, because of its chemical inertness and considerable hardness, is the most common mineral resistant to weathering.

ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER

Activated carbon filters are primarily used to remove objectionable tastes and odors from water, and are effective in removing chlorine. These filters contain activated carbon, a form of charcoal with high absorptive qualities, as water is brought into contact with these activated carbon particles. The taste and odor constituents are retained in the carbon resulting in a taste and odor free water. The granulated filters must be periodically back washed. And the carbon cleaned and replaced from time to time.

ACTIVATED CARBON

Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal or activated coal, is a form of carbon that has been processed to make it extremely porous and thus to have a very large surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. [1] The word activated in the name is sometimes substituted by active. Due to its high degree of microporosity, just one gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess of 500 m² (or about 2 tennis courts), as determined typically by nitrogen gas adsorption. Sufficient activation for useful applications may come solely from the high surface area, though further chemical treatment often enhances the adsorbing properties of the material. Activated carbon is usually derived from charcoal.

GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON (GAC)

Granular activated carbon has a relatively larger particle size compared to powdered activated carbon and consequently, presents a smaller external surface. Diffusion of the adsorbate is thus an important factor. These carbons are therefore preferred for all adsorption of gases and vapours as their rate of diffusion are faster. Granulated carbons are used for water treatment, deodourisation and separation of components of flow system. GAC can be either in the granular form or extruded.

ULTRAVIOLET LAMPS

Ultraviolet Water Purifiers are used to effectively get bacteria free water. It utilizes germicidal ultraviolet lamps that produce short wave radiation lethal to bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms present in water UV Purifies offer repaid water treatment without heat of dangerous chemicals- often for the lowest cost available by any means.

The method of ultraviolet germicidal light being used in purification and disinfection of water, air and surface is a unique and rapid method, without the use of heat or chemicals.

The germicidal ultraviolet lamps utilized produce short wave radiation lethal to bacteria, virus and other microorganisms. Throughout the years ultraviolet technology has become well established as a method of choice for its effectiveness, economy, safety, speed, ease of use, and because the process is free of by-products. Germicidal lamps is at the mercury resonance line of 254 nanometers. This wavelength is in the region of maximum germicidal effectiveness and is highly lethal to virus, bacteria and mold spores.

Wave Lenght

Nanometer (nm), millimicron (mµ) and the Angstrom unit (A) are all units of length used to describe ultraviolet wavelengths. Nanometer and millimicron are synonymous and equal to a billionth of a meter. An Angstrom unit is one tenth as long; therefore 2540 A =254 mµ = 254 nm.

ULTRA FILTRATION MEMBRANE

Ultrafiltration or UF is a pressure driven membrane separation process that separates particulate matter from soluble components in the carrier fluid (such as water). UF membranes typically have pore sizes in the range of 0.01 - 0.10 µm and have a high removal capability for bacteria and most viruses, colloids and silt (SDI). The smaller the nominal pore size, the higher the removal capability.