Health Researcher and Article Writer. Master in Mathematics and BA in World Literature and Literary criticism. All articles written by Kyle J. Norton are for information & education only, please consult your Doctor & Related field specialist before applying

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal

Obese? Overweight?

Wednesday, 5 February 2014

Breast cancer in Vitamin C's Point of View

By Kyle J. Norton

Vitamin C, also known as L-ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin,
found in fresh fruits, berries and green vegetables. It is best known
for its free radical scavengers activity and regenerating oxidized vitamin
E for immune support.
Epidemiological studies linking vitamin C in
reduced risk of breast cancer may be inconclusive(1)(1a)(1b), but no
doubt in acceptance of improved quality of life(2).
Macro nutrients intake may form an important parts in breast cancer
patients in providing vital support for treatment.(3). There was a
report of intake of supplementation of multiple vitamin, beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc in postmenopausal women for 10 or more years may protect women from developing breast cancer(3a). Women with breast cancer in the Indian population, were found to have a lower levels of mean vitamin C, vitamin E and selenium than controls. if the levels of mean vitamin C, vitamin E and selenium increased by 1 unit, the risk of breast cancer was reduced by 7%(3b).
In breast cancer survival, dietary vitamin C intake before breast cancer diagnosis may be associated with breast cancer survival. but not in post-diagnosis(4). High intake of ascorbic acid was in associated to reduce risk of breast cancer incidence in overweight women and women with high consumption of linoleic acid (average consumption of more than 6 grams of linoleic acid per day)(5) and insignificant risk in other breast cancer patients(6). On inflammation in cancer patients, high dose intravenous ascorbic acid
therapy, decreased the levels of C-reactive protein thus reduced
inflammation correlated with decreases in tumor marker levels(7). Vitamin C
supplements and Anthocyanin (Ixor®) at a dose of 2 tablets/day,
starting from 10 days before the radiation treatment until 10 days after
the end of treatment was found to be protective against skin damage to
patient undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy(8).In estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis, vitamin C
(Vit C) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) found to be effective in
inhibition of 17β-estradiol (E2)-mediated oxidative stress and oxidative
DNA damage by preventing the decreasing NRF2(antioxidant response
pathway) and OGG1(base excision repair.) levels(9). In the study of the
same but in MCF-10A cells, the combination also decreased E2-mediated
increase in 8-OHdG(Marker detected in cancer patients) levels in the
mammary tissues, induced SOD3 (Extracellular superoxide dismutase
[Cu-Zn]) through NRF2 Pathway to defense against oxidative stress and in
the prevention of estrogen-mediated breast cancer(10). An increased expression of the miR-93(Regulate
Expression of Tumor Suppressor Gene) was found in 17β-estradiol
(E2)-treated mammary tissues and in human breast
cell lines, treatment with vitamin C reverted E2-mediated increase in
miR-93 levels by upregulating expression NRF2 antioxidant response
pathway(11). In 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitamin C-deficient mice, Ascorbic
acid delayed the progress of metastasis, tumor growth and inflammatory
cytokine secretion (decreased serum inflammatory cytokine interleukin
(IL)-6) as well as enhanced encapsulation of tumors(12). In
L-ascorbate (L-ascorbic acid, vitamin C), increasing the concentration exhibited the autophagic damage to functional SVCT-2(antibody) sensitizes breast cancer
cells(13). In B16F10, L-ascorbate also caused induction of a prooxidant
state, subsequent reduction in mitochondrial membrane
potential to induced apoptosis in a caspase-8(Cell
apoptosis)-independent manner(14). In the usage of glucan, resveratrol
and vitamin C, the combination showed the strongest activator of phagocytosis (immune cell activation) and antibody formation to suppress the growth of breast
and lung tumors, through stimulation of apoptosis(15). In 4T1 cancer
cell line, combined with ascorbate, Mn(III)N-alkylpyridylporphyrins
(MnPs) inhibited cancer cells via
peroxide produced outside of the cell through enhancing tumour oxidative
stress and tumor growth suppression(16). In Ataxia telangiectasia
mutated (ATM) diplotype on the breast cancer,
vitamin C enhanced the increase of ATM to reduce the risk of breast
cancer.(17). In E(2) metabolism and oxidant stress in involved in
estrogen-induced breast cancer development, vitamin C
reducesd the incidence of estrogen-induced mammary tumors, increased
tumor latency and decreases oxidative stress in vivo(18). In SK-BR3 and
Hs578T breast cancer cell lines, Vitamin C treatment induced
AIF(apoptosis-inducing factor) mediation of cell death pathway of the
breast cancer cell lines independent to caspase pathway(19).In human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, combination of Retinoic acid and ascorbic acid inhibited the proliferation of human breast cancer cells through altering their gene expression related to antioxidation processes and the proliferation inhibitory pathway(20).Taking
all together, without going into reviews, vitamin C is found to be
effective in reduced risk and a potent agent for treatment of breast
cancer. Daily ingestion of high-dose vitamin C
may be considered safe, but in rare incidence, overdoses in a prolonged
period of time, may cause intra-renal oxalate crystal deposition, a
fatal nephrotoxicity(21)(22).

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About Me

Health Researcher and Article Writer. Master in Mathematics and BA
in World Literature and Literary criticism. All articles written by
Kyle J. Norton are for information & education only, please consult
your Doctor & Related field specialist before applying