The Indian Herbalogy book speaks of Ligustrum vulgare and amurense, noting that vulgare is hardy in the north, from New England to Virginia. This species uses the leaves but the book notes that the bark is thought to be as effective. It does not speak of its immune system effects, so it was not used as a primary source for this plant profile, just mentioned here in the notes. I actually couldn’t find Ligustrum in most of my herbal references, and I have A LOT of them!

Consequentially, this was a hard materia medica to do. I needed to rely on some additional online sources. David Hoffman’s book only mentions the plant in his section on the immune system, but no dosages or constituents. Those came from Michael Tierra’s book and the Naturopathy Digest link.