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Abstract:

A system for moving an object in one axis that creates highly dispersed
but precisely controlled mechanical force to support, manipulate, and
maintain an object, tool or application in precise alignment or
orientation with respect to a stationary or moving target is disclosed.
The system includes one or more fluid containers within a cylindrical
enclosure or drum, and a shaft running through longitudinal axis of the
drum. The shaft is coupled to the drum by rotating assemblies so that the
drum may rotate around the shaft or the draft may rotate inside the drum.
The fluid inflatable containers are arranged in a inside the drum around
the shaft so that each container exerts expansive force between a vane
fixed to the drum and a vane fixed to the shaft. A volume of the fluid
may be placed in the one or more fluid containers by control systems. By
changing the volume of fluid in the one or more containers, forces are
exerted on the vanes and the object is moved.

Claims:

1. A system for moving an object in one axis relative to a reference,
comprising: an enclosure having an inside and an outside, wherein the
enclosure is operatively connected to the reference; one or more vanes
fixed to the enclosure; one or more vanes operatively connected to the
reference; a first fluid inflatable container located inside the
enclosure such that pressurizing the first fluid inflatable container
exerts a force upon at least one of the one or more vanes fixed to the
enclosure and at least one of the one or more vanes connected to the
reference; a fluid mover operably connected to the fluid container for
moving fluid into the fluid container so that the fluid container is
pressurized; and a fluid pressure control for controlling the pressure of
fluid in the fluid container, wherein by changing the pressure of the
fluid in the fluid container, the object is moved relative to the
reference.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a connector for connecting
the object to the enclosure.

3. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a connector for connecting
the object to the reference.

4. The system of claim 3, further comprising: a central support structure
operatively fixed to the bottom side of the enclosure.

5. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a second fluid inflatable
container operatively connected to one or more control valves, wherein
the second fluid inflatable container is pressurized by the compressed
fluid; and wherein the forces imposed by pressurizing the first fluid
inflatable container against the vanes are opposed by the compressive
forces imposed by the second fluid inflatable container.

6. A system for moving an object in one axis relative to a reference,
comprising: a connector for the object; a drum operatively connected to
the reference, wherein the drum has an inner wall, pivot axis and an
outer surface; wherein the reference is a shaft, having an outer surface,
positioned axially through the pivot axis of the drum; one or more
rotating assemblies supporting the shaft such that the shaft may turn
within the drum; one or more vanes fixed to the shaft, miming
longitudinally along the shaft and extending radially to the inner wall
of the drum; one or more vanes fixed to the drum, running longitudinally
along the inner wall of the drum and extending radially to the outer
surface of the shaft; a first fluid inflatable container placed inside
the drum between one of the one or more vanes fixed to the drum and one
of the one or more vanes fixed to the shaft such that expansion of the
first fluid inflatable container exerts force simultaneously upon the
vane fixed to the drum and the vane fixed to the shaft; one or more
control valves, operatively connected to the first fluid inflatable
container, to assist in pressurizing and de-pressurizing the first fluid
inflatable container; and a source of compressed fluid connected
operatively to the one or more control valves for pressurizing the first
fluid inflatable container; wherein the system for moving an object in
one axis is able to orient the object through a variety of positions by
systematic pressurization and depressurization of the first fluid
inflatable container.

7. The system of claim 6, further comprising: a second fluid inflatable
container operatively connected to one or more control valves, wherein
the second fluid inflatable container is pressurized by the compressed
fluid; and wherein the forces imposed by pressurizing the first fluid
inflatable container against the vanes are opposed by the compressive
forces imposed by the second fluid inflatable container.

8. The system of claim 6, wherein the drum is operatively connected to
the connector.

9. The system of claim 6, wherein the connector is operatively connected
to the shaft.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the rotating assemblies include three
or more casters mounted directly or indirectly on the enclosure for
supporting the reference and allowing the reference to freely rotate
within the drum.

11. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a shock absorbing device
for preventing damage to system components; and a locking device
including a drift pin.

12. The system of claim 6, further comprising at least two drums.

13. The system of claim 6, further comprising: a central support
structure located beneath the object; an electronic pressure sensor
connected to the first fluid inflatable container; electronic actuators
for the one or more control valves for pressurizing and de-pressurizing
the first fluid inflatable container; electronic level sensors or
rotational position encoders for determining an altitude, azimuth, and
pitch of the object; and a computer that controls the motion of the
object to maintain optimal solar energy collection by electronically
actuating the one or more control valves in response to signals received
from the electronic pressure sensor and the electronic level sensors.

14. The system of claim 6, further comprising: one or more torsion
springs configured to resist the movement of the object from a neutral
position.

15. The system of claim 10, wherein each caster is adjustable for
creating a tolerance between the caster and the shaft and each caster is
mounted to a rotating assembly with one or more bolts.

16. The system of claim 6, further comprising: a positioning system; a
compressor mounted on the positioning system; an electronic pressure
sensor connected to the first fluid inflatable container; electronic
actuators for the one or more control valves for pressurizing and
de-pressurizing the first fluid inflatable container; electronic level
sensors for determining an altitude, azimuth, and pitch of the object;
rotational position encoders to encode the rotational position of the
drum or the shaft; and a computer that controls motion of the object to
maintain optimal solar energy collection by electronically actuating the
one or more control valves in response to signals received from the
electronic pressure sensor, the rotational position encoders and the
electronic level sensors.

17. The system of claim 6, further comprising: a positioning system; a
compressor mounted on the positioning system; an electronic pressure
sensor connected to the first fluid inflatable container; electronic
actuators for the one or more control valves for pressurizing and
de-pressurizing the first fluid inflatable container; electronic level
sensors for determining an altitude and azimuth of the object; and a
computer capable of communicating output values of the electronic
pressure sensor and the electronic level sensors, and positions of the
one or more control valves through electromagnetic signals.

18. The system of claim 6, further comprising: a positioning system; a
compressor mounted on the positioning system; an electronic pressure
sensor connected to the first fluid inflatable container; electronic
actuators for the one or more control valves for pressurizing and
de-pressurizing the first fluid inflatable container; electronic level
sensors for determining an altitude and azimuth of the object; and a
computer integrated with the connector that communicates output values of
the electronic pressure sensor and the electronic level sensors, and
positions of the one or more control valves through electromagnetic
signals, the computer receiving and executing commands to reposition the
solar energy collecting surface through electromagnetic signals.

19. The system of claim 6, further comprising: a positioning system; a
compressor mounted on the positioning system; an electronic pressure
sensor connected to the first fluid inflatable container; electronic
actuators for the one or more control valves for pressurizing and
de-pressurizing the first fluid inflatable container; electronic level
sensors, integrated with the support structure, for determining an
altitude and azimuth of the object; a computer integrated with the
connector; and a photovoltaic power source that powers the electronic
pressure sensor, the electronic level sensors, the compressor, the one or
more control valves, and the computer.

20. The system of claim 6, further comprising: a positioning system; a
compressor mounted on the positioning system; an electronic pressure
sensor connected to the first fluid inflatable container; electronic
actuators for the one or more control valves for pressurizing and
de-pressurizing the first fluid inflatable container; electronic level
sensors for determining an altitude and azimuth of the object; a computer
with wireless communication capabilities integrated with the connector;
and a photovoltaic power source to power the electronic pressure sensor,
the electronic level sensors, the compressor, the one or more control
valves, and the computer, wherein the computer regularly transmits a
status of the first fluid inflatable container and outputs values of the
electronic pressure sensor, the electronic actuators, the electronic
level sensors, and the photovoltaic power source to an external control
system.

21. The system of claim 6, wherein the fluid is a solid at ambient
temperature and may be heated by a heating device and transformed to a
liquid to move the object, wherein after the object is in place, the
liquid may be cooled to ambient temperature and transformed back to a
solid fluid.

22. A method for moving an object in one axis using pressurized fluid
comprising: providing a guidance system that senses a need for a change
in position and generates a data signal; providing a control system that
receives the data signal from the guidance system, interprets the data
signal, and converts the data signal into pressure changes or fluid
volume changes; wherein the control system activates one or more pumps to
change a volume of pressurized fluid in a first fluid container, wherein
the first fluid inflatable container exerts a force upon at least one of
the one or more vanes fixed to the enclosure and at least one of the one
or more vanes connected to the reference; and wherein the change in the
volume of the pressurized fluid moves the object.

23. A method for moving an object in one axis using pressurized fluid
comprising: changing the pressure in a first fluid inflatable container
using a fluid volume control, wherein pressurizing the first fluid
inflatable container exerts a force upon at least one of the one or more
vanes fixed to an enclosure containing the first fluid inflatable
container and at least one of one or more vanes connected to a reference;
and wherein the change in the volume of the pressurized fluid moves an
object that is directly or indirectly connected to the enclosure.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the enclosure is a drum and the drum
rotates when the pressure is changed.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein the reference is a shaft and the
shaft rotates when the pressure is changed.

26. The method of claim 22, wherein the step of changing the pressure
changes the pressure in two or more fluid inflatable containers.

Description:

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The technical field relates to methods and systems for moving an
object in one axis as well as supporting and moving an object in one
axis. The system for supporting and moving an object in one axis may be
applied to any of a wide variety of fields as a complete replacement for
older technologies, mechanisms, and methods for moving, driving,
positioning, or actuating objects or loads in precise or non-precise
single-axis orientation. The system and method may also be applied to
multi-axis positioning when deployed as a pair of actuators such as for
the positioning of heliostats, solar and satellite tracking systems,
electromagnetic radiation antennas, infrared optical sensors, advertising
materials, hoists and cranes, weapons, and machines and equipment for
maintenance and repair, and for the manipulation of remote tools or
surgical implements, among many applications from large scale to small
scale.

DISCUSSION

[0002] Current actuators manipulate and position objects in single axis
and multiple axes of orientation, altitude, and azimuth in various fields
such as solar power, astronomy, satellite communications, RADAR, thermal
imaging, construction, weapon deployment, and advertising. With respect
to large scale or heavy equipment applications, current actuators employ
gear drives, planetary gears, hydraulic pistons, pneumatic pistons, screw
drives, and various clockwork machinery to position large and heavy
objects around stationary mounts. Due to their reliance on electrical
motors and various hydraulic means to move heavy and large objects,
current actuators require large numbers of precision-engineered parts and
significant electrical power supply. Current actuators also require
multiple heavy connections between structural members and actuators to
support and position heavy and large objects. Hydraulic and electric
drives require expensive hoses and cabling to transmit power. The
heaviness and the precision metal-to-metal gearing and mechanics of
current actuators dictate that normal metal fatigue, operational
wear-and-tear and external stress, dust, contaminants, foreign objects,
lubrication problems, and even minor operator errors and omissions create
significant use-related damage, chattering, free play, and consequent
degradation in accuracy and durability. Such actuators, which are also
known as "clockwork" actuators, necessitate high costs of inspection,
maintenance, repair, and replacement of precision-machined components,
and consequent downtime from productive operations. The clockwork
actuators also do not provide a smooth tracking motion, but a periodic
stepping motion common to the motorized systems.

[0003] Some examples of single axis actuators are fluid pressure lifting
jacks. The use of fluid pressure lifting jacks is common, some examples
of which are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,745,959 and 5,492,300. These
lifting devices produce large amounts of motive force as they expand. A
typical application is the exhaust powered automobile lifting jack
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,495,092. Similarly, U.S. Pat. Nos.
6,286,812, 6,918,575 and 5,651,155 disclose using such jacks for leveling
surfaces in one axis with a fixed pivot at one or another end.

[0004] Actuators are used in the collection of solar energy. Solar energy
can be collected through the concentration of sunlight by aiming an array
of mirrors such that they reflect sunlight into a single fixed receiver
to produce concentrated heat for steam production. For an example of such
a power plant see U.S. Pat. No. 6,957,536. The motion of the earth in
rotation and around the sun in orbit necessitates a mechanism for
aligning the mirrors or panels in a position relative to the sun as it
moves across the sky on a daily basis and relative to the horizon on a
seasonal basis so that solar energy is continuously reflected onto the
receiver. Examples of solar collectors that provide single-axis tracking
are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,135,493 and U.S. Patent Application
2008/0128017. Other solar collectors track the sun's motion in multiple
axes. In practical terms, devices to constantly orient a collector or
mirror toward the sun must provide a means for continuously adjusting
azimuth (rotation around the horizon line) and altitude (rotation from
the horizon to a position directly overhead) to continuously track the
apparent motion of the sun through the sky.

[0005] Current solar energy collectors include devices that rotate in a
single axis and multiple axes to maintain the desired orientation of a
panel of solar cells and solar thermal collectors or mirrors throughout
the day and year. These devices are referred to as "heliostats" or
"positioning systems." Thus far, current positioning systems are complex
and expensive. Particularly as the size of the of the mirrors and
photovoltaic panels increase to over 100 m2 on a single tracker, the
complex precision gear drives and powerful motors required to maneuver
and stabilize the panels (particularly in high wind conditions) have
emerged as the largest single cost barrier in pursuing large scale solar
power generation. These clockworks are delicate and prone to mechanical
failure or degradation under normal and abnormal operating conditions.
These and other limitations of current heliostat technology are among
chief barriers to lowering the cost of electrical generation via solar
thermal or concentrated solar energy to equal or below cost of
electricity from coal and natural gas-fired generating plants.

[0006] Other typical examples of the current heliostat technology include
U.S. Pat. No. 3,070,643 disclosing a closed loop servo system for
continuously pointing a solar cell directly toward the sun by sensing the
sun's position and selectively driving the solar cell support about one
or the other of a pair of axes. This patent discloses a complicated
gearing system with a single drive motor and an electrically operated
clutch to permit selective dual-axis drive. Another system, disclosed in
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,998,206 and 3,996,917, employs separate drive motors for
obtaining dual-axis movement. The use of motor drives and gear reduction
adds significantly to the cost of initial installation and maintenance of
a sun tracking apparatus. In addition, the power required to drive the
powerful motors creates a parasitic power drain on the operation of the
solar power plant. The use of gear and motor drives is typical of the
current actuators as disclosed in, by way of example, U.S. Pat. No.
6,440,019.

[0007] Another disadvantage of the current heliostat technology is its
reliance, in most cases, on external sources of power. The current
actuators require the provision of electrical or hydraulic power to
orient the application. This generates a parasitic power drain on the
installation, and also requires complicated and expensive electrical or
hydraulic power distribution systems using cables or hoses for their
operation. By their nature, heliostat arrays often cover many square
kilometers, and thus, over a large installation, the provision of
external power through cables to an array of thousands of heliostats adds
to major capital and maintenance expense. The current actuators fail to
achieve a low cost means of providing multi-axis sun tracking with
minimal power requirements. Accordingly, there is a need for a cost and
power efficient single and multi-axis actuator for use in small to large
scale applications.

SUMMARY

[0008] An embodiment of a system for moving an object in one axis includes
a fluid and one or more fluid containers within a cylindrical enclosure
or drum, and a shaft running axially through the center of the drum and
coupled to the drum by rotating assemblies so that the drum may rotate
around the shaft. The system further includes one or more vanes running
longitudinally and extending radially from the shaft to the inner surface
of the drum, and one or more vanes running longitudinally and extending
radially from the inner surface of the drum to the surface of the shaft.
The object to be moved may be connected directly or indirectly to either
the shaft or to the drum. The one or more fluid inflatable containers are
arranged inside of the enclosure or drum around the shaft so that each
container exerts expansive force between a vane fixed to the drum and a
vane fixed to the shaft. A volume of the fluid is placed in the one or
more fluid inflatable containers. The system further includes a fluid
mover operably connected to the one or more fluid inflatable containers
for moving the fluid into the one or more containers. The system further
includes a fluid volume control for controlling the volume of fluid in
the one or more fluid inflatable containers. By changing the volume or
pressure of fluid in the one or more fluid inflatable containers, the
object is moved.

[0009] In an embodiment, the object or application may be a photovoltaic
panel, a solar reflecting mirror, a satellite dish, an infrared imaging
sensor, an electromagnetic radiation antenna or emitter, a telescope, a
sensor array, a detector, a weapon or weapons system, a thermal weapons
system, a targetable weapon, a medical device, a medical robotics
actuator, a diagnostic machinery and robot, an external or internal
prostheses or prosthetic implant, a surgical or micro-manipulation tool
or device, an advertising material, signage, construction equipment, a
patio umbrella, and a sun shade. The combination of more than one of such
embodiments permits multi-axis motion of the object or application. PCT
application number PCT/US2008/006660, filed May 23, 2008, and U.S.
Provisional application No. 61/136,964 filed on Oct. 17, 2008 are hereby
incorporated by reference.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] FIG. 1A-1B shows perspective views of a single embodiment of the
system for moving an object in one axis with three vanes and two vanes,
respectively.

[0011]FIG. 2 shows a side view of a single embodiment of the system for
moving an object one axis.

[0012]FIG. 3 shows a perspective view an embodiment of the system for
moving an object in one axis including three drums arranged to provide
multi-axis tracking.

[0013]FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of three embodiments of the system
for moving an object in one axis including two drums arranged to provide
multi-axis tracking, while the object is mounted on a shaft.

[0014]FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of three embodiments of the system
for moving an object in one axis arranged to provide multi-axis tracking,
with the object moved to a full-range elevation position perpendicular to
the ground.

[0015]FIG. 6 shows a side view of three embodiments of the system for
moving an object in one axis arranged to provide multi-axis tracking with
all of the ancillary command and control systems shown.

[0016]FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the system for
moving an object in one axis arranged to provide single axis tracking for
a parabolic solar collecting trough.

[0017]FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the system for
moving an object in one axis arranged to provide single axis tracking for
a solar photovoltaic panel.

[0018]FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the system for
moving an object in one axis arranged to provide single axis tracking for
a Fresnel solar collecting trough.

[0019] FIGS. 10A-10B shows side and frontal views respectively, of an
exemplary rotating assembly for use in an embodiment of the system for
moving an object in one axis.

[0020] FIG. 11 shows a flow-chart of an embodiment of a method for moving
an object in one axis.

[0021] Before one or more embodiments of the system for moving an object
in one axis are described in detail, one skilled in the art will
appreciate that the system for moving an object in one axis is not
limited in its application to the details of construction, the
arrangements of components, and the arrangement of steps set forth in the
following detailed description or illustrated in the drawings. The system
for moving an object in one axis is capable of other embodiments and of
being practiced or being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be
understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the
purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Described herein are embodiments of a system and method for moving
an object in a one axis. Embodiments of the system and method for moving
an object in one axis are useful in various applications, such as in
solar tracking applications, for example.

[0023] Referring now to FIG. 1A, shown is a perspective view of a single
embodiment of the system 100 for moving an object in one axis. The system
100 shown comprises an enclosure 2, a reference or shaft 3, two fluid
inflatable containers 6 and three vanes 5. The three vanes 5 are
positioned longitudinally along the longitudinal axis.

[0024] In various embodiments, the system 100 includes at least one fluid
container, also referred to as a fluid inflatable container 6 and an
enclosure, which may be a drum 2. In the embodiment shown, the drum 2
extends circumferentially from the point of contact of each vane 5 fixed
to the drum 2 to the point of contact of another vane 5 fixed to the drum
2. The vanes 5 may be fixed to the shaft 3 or to the enclosure 2. In one
embodiment, one vane 5 is fixed to the shaft 3 and two vanes 5 are fixed
to the enclosure 2. The system 100 shows one vane 5 extending from the
shaft 3, clearing the drum 2 without making contact with the drum 2. The
clearance between the vanes 5 and the shaft 3 or the vane 5 and the drum
2 is small enough to the prevent fluid inflatable containers 6 from
moving under the vanes 5 in operation. Typically, the clearance will be
slightly smaller than a single wall thickness of a fluid inflatable
container 6. The vanes 5 may be constructed from steel of a thickness
required to prevent deformation at the maximum force required to rotate
the moving element of a drive. For example, a vane 5 will not deform if a
large amount of moment is required to rotate the moving element of the
drive. The geometry of a vane 5 may be a plate welded onto the drum 2 or
shaft 3, or it may be a plate reinforced with gussets or ribs or other
stiffening and strengthening structures, for example. Various materials
may be used such as steel or plastic. In another embodiment, the drum 2
extends circumferentially from the point of contact of a vane 5 fixed to
the drum 2 to a point of where a vane 5 fixed to shaft 3 clears the drum.

[0025] With continuing reference to FIG. 1A, the fluid inflatable
containers 6 are shown positioned between the inner surface of the drum 2
and the outer surface of the shaft 3 and between one of the vanes 5 fixed
to the drum 2 and one of the vanes 5 fixed to the shaft 3. In an
embodiment of the system 100, either the drum 2 or shaft 3 may be fixed
while the other rotates. The enclosure or drum 2 may be any apparatus for
containing fluid inflatable containers and may be formed of a variety of
shapes and materials. The shape of the enclosure 2 is not limited to a
cylinder. For example, the enclosure 2 may be a triangular shape. The
enclosure 2 may also have removable end caps or other removable portions
for access to the inside of the enclosure. The end caps would have
apertures for allowing the shaft 3 to go through them. Pipes, shafts or
other fixed structures may be used as the reference 3 with the system
100. The fluid container 6 is further charged with varying amounts of
non-volatile gas or fluid. In an embodiment, the fluid may be air, water,
gas, oil, high density fluid, electro-reactive fluid, high viscosity
fluid, or a solid at ambient temperature. For example, when the object 1
or application needs to be moved, the solid fluid may be heated by a
heating device and transformed to a liquid. After the object or
application is in place, the liquid may be cooled to ambient temperature
and transformed back to a solid fluid.

[0026] Referring now to FIG. 1B, shown is a perspective view of a single
embodiment of the system 100 for moving an object in one axis. In this
embodiment, two vanes 5 are shown running longitudinally along the shaft
3. Pressurizing all of the fluid inflatable containers 6 in the
illustrated embodiment to equilibrium of pressure and volume will orient
the object 1 in a horizontal level position, referred to as the neutral
or "stow" position. A connector 44 (not shown) for connecting the object
1 to either the shaft 3 or the drum 2 may also be locked in this neutral
or stow position during installation, maintenance or disassembly if one
or more manually or mechatronically activated drift pins 8 are used. The
drift pins 8 lock the drum 2 and shaft 3 in a fixed position. The drift
pins 8 allow the system 100 to be stabilized independently of the fluid
inflatable containers 6 and the object 1 to be stowed or locked in a
secure configuration, such as may be required at the time of installation
or during periods of maintenance work, which may include the deflation
and repair or replacement of the fluid inflatable containers 6 or other
components of the application. The system 100 may be locked in a
low-profile, wind-stow position for extended periods of inclement weather
including hurricanes in the area of a solar power plant or antenna array
or other outdoor application subject to weather related stress.

[0027] The fluid inflatable containers 6 are preferably arranged inside of
the drum 2 and, in one embodiment, run axially along the full length of
the drum 2. The drum walls contain and channel the force generated by
inflation or pressurization of the fluid inflatable containers 6. When
pressurized with fluid, the fluid inflatable containers 6 seek to enlarge
in volume, expanding with tremendous uniformly dispersed mechanical force
equal to the surface area of the fluid inflatable container 6 in contact
with the vanes 5 multiplied by the pressure introduced.

[0028] Movement of the connector 44 (not shown) to any position within at
least a 180° range of elevation may be accomplished by
systematically pressurizing and de-pressurizing the fluid inflatable
containers 6 by use of the pressure control valve(s) 10 operatively
connected to each fluid inflatable container 6. When changing position,
the fluid inflatable container(s) 6 positioned opposite the direction of
movement are depressurized to allow the pressure of the fluid inflatable
container 6 opposite the direction of movement to force the object 1 into
the desired position. When the object 1 is in the desired position, all
of the fluid inflatable containers 6 will be pressurized to exert equal
pressure and hold the object 1 rigidly in position. The speed of the
desired movement is controlled by the speed of the pressure changes.

[0029] In an embodiment, fluid inflatable containers 6 exert force against
another fluid inflatable container 6 and/or against a spring such as a
torsion spring. In an embodiment one or more fluid inflatable containers
6 occupy less than the entire inner volume of the drum 2, with areas
between fixed vanes 5 attached to the inner surface of the drum 2
allowing smaller fluid inflatable containers 6. The fluid inflatable
containers 6 may be connected to each other and/or to a fluid mover with
a tube to pass fluid. In another embodiment, a chemical reaction may be
used to create gas or create pressure either in a storage tank or within
a fluid inflatable container 6.

[0030] Referring now to FIG. 2, shown is an embodiment of system 100 with
two fluid inflatable containers 6. One fluid inflatable container 6 is
shown fully retracted or deflated and another is shown fully extended or
inflated. One or more vanes 5 are shown running longitudinally along the
inner surface of the drum and extending radially inward to the surface of
the shaft. One or more vanes 5 also run longitudinally along the outer
surface of the shaft 3 and extend radially inward to the inner surface of
the drum. At least one, or in this example two fluid containers 6 form an
annulus around the shaft and impinge against a vane 5 extending radially
from the drum 2 and a vane 5 extending radially from the shaft 3. The
fully inflated fluid inflatable container 6 is shown rotating the drum
90° from its neutral position (shown in FIGS. 1A-1B).

[0031] Referring to FIG. 3, shown is a perspective view of an embodiment a
system 100 for moving an object in one axis including three drums 2, 2'
and 2,'' arranged to provide multi-axis tracking by rotating an object 1,
shown as a heliostat mirror application, in a horizontal axis. An
embodiment of a system 100 for moving an object in one axis includes the
object to be manipulated or positioned (the "application") 1 which is
operatively coupled to a shaft or pipe 3 running longitudinally through
the center of the drums 2' and 2.'' In an embodiment, the object 1 is
mounted on drums 2' and 2'' by a connector 44. Rotating assemblies 4 hold
the shaft 3 in a central axial position within the drums 2' and 2.'' In
this embodiment, the shaft 3 is connected to the drums 2' and 2'' by a
rotating assembly 4, (not shown) which maybe a thrust bearing or other
type of bearing, and a second bearing (not shown) which may be a plain
contact, ball or other bearing suitable for carrying the weight and
forces produced by wind loading on the application. The vanes 5 may be
arranged in the drum 2 to provide a range of motion of slightly more than
180° such that, when coupled to an elevation drive, the heliostat
provides full multi-axis motion to point the application at any selected
point. In this embodiment, the shaft 3 is fixed to a central support
structure, or pedestal 40. The shaft 3 may be rotated in one axis by the
drums 2' and 2'' while being rotated in another axis by another drum 2
acting as an azimuth drive. In this embodiment, a drums 2' and 2''
together may act as an elevator drive. Other enclosures may be used in
place of the drums 2, 2' and 2.''

[0032] Referring now to FIG. 4, shown is a perspective view of the system
100 for moving an object in one axis including two drums 2 and 2'
arranged to provide multi-axis tracking. In the arrangement shown in FIG.
4, the object 1 may be mounted to the shaft or pipe 3 while the drum 2
remains fixed. In other embodiments, the object 1 may be mounted to a
connecting structure such as the connector 44 shown that connects the
object 1 reference or shaft 3. In this embodiment, the drum 2 is fixed
upon a pedestal 40, but may be fixed upon any structure, including the
ground. The drum 2 rotates upon the pedestal 40. Further, in this
embodiment, the drum 2 may act as an azimuth drive coupled to another
drum, drum 2,' acting as an elevator drive. In some embodiments, the
connector 44 forms an integral part of the drum 2 or the shaft 3. In an
embodiment of system 100, the connector may be bolts that connect the
object 1 to the shaft 3 or drum 2. In another embodiment of system 100,
the connector 44 may be a support structure for the object 1. FIGS. 1 and
2 show that more than one drum 2 may be combined to form a heliostat for
multi-axis tracking of the sun with the elevation drive being coupled to
the azimuth drive at right angles to one another. The provision of a
second elevation drive ensures a fully redundant system for achieving
wind stow in the event of a single elevation drive failure. The second
elevation drive is optional and may be removed.

[0033] Referring now to FIG. 5, shown is a perspective view of a system
100 acting as an azimuth drive employed to rotate a heliostat mirror
application 31 in a horizontal axis. The object 1 is shown moved to a
full-range elevation position perpendicular to the ground. In this
embodiment, the system 100 is fixed to a pedestal 40 while the shaft 3
freely rotates within the drum 2. The object 1 is coupled to the shaft 3
which is running axially through the center of the drum 2 and is held in
place by one or more rotating assemblies 4. A power supply 24 is shown on
the object 1.

[0034] Referring now to FIG. 6, shown is a side view of a system 100
acting as an azimuth drive employed to rotate a heliostat mirror
application 31 in a horizontal axis. In this embodiment, the inner shaft
3 is fixed to the pedestal 40 and connected to the drum 2 by a rotating
assembly 4 (not shown). The rotating assembly 4 may be a thrust bearing,
or a slewing bearing, and a second bearing may be a plain contact, ball
or other type of bearing suitable for carrying the weight and forces
produced by wind loading on the application or object 1. The vanes 5 may
be arranged in the drum 2 to provide a range of motion of slightly more
than 180° such that, when coupled to an elevation drive, the
heliostat provides full multi axis motion to point the application at any
selected point. In an embodiment for each fluid inflatable container 6, a
coupling may be provided to one or more motorized or computer controlled
valve actuators 11 and control valves 10 to allow robotic control of the
position of the application. The system for moving an object in one axis
further includes a stop 7 or other shock absorbing surface or device to
prevent damage to un-inflated fluid inflatable containers 6 or the vanes
5 within the drum. This embodiment of system 100 is shown with a locking
device, such as a manually or mechatronically deployed drift pin 8 and a
manifold 35 of air or fluid tubes connected to control valves 10 for
pressurizing and de-pressurizing each fluid containers. This embodiment
of the system 100 further includes electronic valve actuators 11 for
activating the control valves 10, a source of compressed air or other
fluid such as a compressor 12, hoses 20 to connect the fluid inflatable
containers 6 to the control valves 10, compressor 12, and an optional
storage tank for pressurized fluid 13. The computer 14, by processing
information from the electronic pressure sensors 21, the ambient
temperature sensor 25, the rotational position encoders 9 and/or the
electronic level sensors 26, may calculate the present position of the
application, determine the air volume and pressure changes necessary to
effect within each fluid inflatable container 6 to actuate, drive, or
move the object 1 or application to the desired position to maintain
optimal orientation with respect to the target. The computer 14 may then
activate the valve actuators 11 and activate the compressor 12 or the
pressurized fluid storage system 13 to release compressed fluid into the
hoses 20 attached to those fluid inflatable containers 6. The computer 14
may direct the inflation and deflation of the fluid inflatable containers
6 in order to actuate, drive, or otherwise move the object 1 or
application to the desired position while simultaneously comparing and
correcting the motion of the object 1 by evaluating the feedback obtained
from the electronic level sensors 26 and/or the rotational position
encoders 9. In some embodiments, these steps or activities do not occur
simultaneously but in serial or within an accepted time frame depending
upon the industry application.

[0035] The system 100 for moving an object in one axis embodied in FIG. 6
may include a laser positioning system as either a primary or secondary
guidance system or positioning feedback system. The positioning system
shown in this embodiment includes laser emitters 15 and laser receivers
19. The object 1 or application is fitted with a laser beam emitter 15
that emits a laser beam from the object 1 or application surface at a
known angle relative to the object 1 or connector 44 (not shown). The
laser beam is sensed by a laser sensor 19 shown in FIG. 6 positioned at
the top of a solar receiver tower 16. The computer 14, by processing
information electronically received from the laser sensor, may then
orient the connector 44 and/or object 1 or application in the most
advantageous position for insolating the target, in this case a solar
thermal receiver 27. Also shown are power supplies such as a photovoltaic
power source 24 and cables for the compression and control system 23. The
manifold 35 may include one or more tubes inside of the larger manifold
35 and electronic pressure sensors 21 to monitor the pressure within the
fluid containers and other parts of the pressurized fluid system. The
system 100 further includes level sensors for elevation 26 (which may be
mounted within or on the application or connector 44), electronic
rotational position encoders 9, an ambient temperature sensor 25.

[0036] Additionally, the system for moving an object in one axis may be
deployed in a solar power plant where solar radiation from the sun 18 is
focused on a solar energy receiver 27, mounted on a solar tower 16, by an
array of heliostats each containing multiple embodiments of the system
for moving an object in one axis. These heliostats may include sensors
and guidance system such as rotational position encoders 9 and computer
hardware and software 14 for directing the actuators and movement as
appropriate to the specific application, one or more laser emitters 15
mounted on the application or solar tower and one or more laser receivers
19 mounted on the solar tower 16 and a power supply 24 which may be a
photovoltaic panel or other power source to supply power to the
pressurized fluid system, the sensors and guidance systems, and a
wireless or wired central array controller 22.

[0037] The computer 14, by processing information from the electronic
pressure sensors 21, the ambient temperature sensor 25, the rotational
position encoders 9 and/or the electronic level sensors 26, may calculate
the present position of the application, determine the air volume and
pressure changes necessary to effect within each fluid inflatable
container to actuate, drive, or move the object or application to the
desired position to maintain optimal orientation with respect to the
target. The computer may then activate the valve actuators 11 and
activate the compressor 12 or the pressurized fluid storage system 13 to
release compressed fluid into hoses attached to those fluid inflatable
containers 6 that need to inflate and simultaneously release fluid out of
those fluid inflatable containers that need to deflate in order to
actuate or drive or otherwise move the object or application to the
desired position while simultaneously comparing and correcting the motion
of the object 1 by evaluating the feedback obtained from the electronic
level sensors 26 and/or the rotational position encoders 9. In some
embodiments, these steps or activities do not occur simultaneously but in
serial or within an accepted time frame depending upon the industry
application.

[0038] Generally, there will be one inflation hose source per fluid
inflatable container 6 or sealed sub chamber therein. The manifold 35 in
an embodiment will usually have a pressure transducer port, an exhaust
valve port and an inflation valve port. A single three-port valve could
provide inflation and deflation with half the valves (1 valve per
container). Examples of suitable valves that may be used in an embodiment
are twelve-volt solenoid actuated gas valves and three-way servo actuated
valves. Closed or open inflation systems may be used. Embodiments may be
based on excess fluid upon deflation being bled into the atmosphere or
being bled from one container into another or into a holding tank.
Applications in the upper atmosphere, space, and underwater applications
may need to reuse all available fluid in a closed system.

[0039] The system 100 for moving an object in one axis is able to provide
highly dispersed but precisely controlled mechanical force to cause
movement and precision positioning through the differential systematic
pressurization and depressurization of the fluid inflatable containers 6.
To perform their function, the fluid inflatable containers 6 require
modest pressure, depending among other factors on the size of the
application to be moved, external forces impinging on the application
that must be countered (such as maximum wind load), the number of fluid
inflatable containers 6, and the fluid inflatable container 6 surface
contact area on the vanes 5 within the drum 2. In many applications or
installations, a pressure range of approximately 8 psi to 150 psi, may be
used. The compressor may be coupled to a pressurized fluid storage
container 13 which allows the run time of the compressor to be reduced
and provides a reserve supply of pressurized fluid for operation at low
power during periods of external power interruption.

[0040] The fluid inflatable containers 6 are unaffected by normal and
abnormal external stresses, vibration, or shaking applied to the object
or application during operation. The force of pressure inside the fluid
inflatable containers 6 is magnified by the surface area over which the
fluid inflatable containers 6 apply force against the vanes 5 to move the
object 1, and this distributed force allows them to easily absorb inertia
or momentum created by the object itself (which may be exceedingly heavy
and massive, far more massive than with current actuators) or exerted by
externalities acting upon the object. The fluid inflatable containers 6
may be made of almost any of multiple conventional expandable or
non-expandable inflatable materials, from natural or synthetic elastomers
such as rubber or silicone, to coated nylon fabrics typical of "Zodiac"
pontoon boats to coated fabric bladders typically used for fuel cells in
auto racing, aviation, and in shipping for ballast and dunnage.

[0041] In an embodiment, the object 1 being moved is counterbalanced by a
weight. This weight may be placed on the opposite side of the drum 2 and
shaft 3 from the object 1. The counterbalance or weight may be used to
reduce the amount of force needed to move the object. Ultimately, the
weight can be used to bias the system 100 or object into a stowed
position in the event of a failure of the fluid system.

[0042] With continuing reference to FIG. 6, the system 100 for moving an
object in one axis may be stabilized in a stow or other desired position
by means of a drift pin 8 which will positively lock the system in
position during installation or any period when the parts of the system
100 for moving an object in one axis are removed or replaced and the
object 1 or has no fluid inflatable containers 6 control its position.

[0043] The system 100 may move an object or application in a stop-and-go
fashion or in a continuous, smooth motion without a stepping function,
unlike electric stepper motors. Sudden stops and changes in momentum of
even heavy applications are easily borne by the system 100 for moving an
object in one axis without damage, since the mechanism naturally
disperses and absorbs shocks as elastic rather than inelastic impacts or
collisions.

[0044] Referring now to FIG. 7, shown is a perspective view of the system
100 for moving an object in one axis arranged to provide single axis
tracking for a solar collecting trough 28 by tracking the sun's apparent
motion across the sky during the course of a day.

[0045] Referring now to FIG. 8, shown is a perspective view of the system
100 for moving an object in one axis arranged to provide single axis
tracking for a solar photovoltaic panel 29 to increase the efficiency of
the panel by tracking the Sun's 18 apparent motion across the sky during
the course of a day.

[0046] Referring now to FIG. 9, shown is a perspective view of the system
100 for moving an object in one axis may be arranged to provide single
axis tracking to a single flat mirror segment 30. The system 100 thereby
concentrates the sun's energy onto a fixed receiver pipe in a Fresnel
type trough solar collector.

[0047] Referring now to FIG. 10A-10B, shown are side and frontal views of
an exemplary rotating assembly 4 for use in an embodiment of the system
for moving an object in one axis, respectively. Referring to FIG. 10B,
shown are three or more casters 40 mounted on the drum 2 and arranged
such that the shaft 3 is supported and can freely rotate in the center of
the drum 2. Each of the casters 40 is attached to the rotating assembly 4
with one or more bolts 42. Each of the casters 40 is directly or
indirectly attached to the drum 2. The rotating assembly 4 may be mounted
outside of the drum 2, on an outside surface such as an end cap of a drum
2. The rotating assembly 4 may also be mounted inside the drum 2 on the
inside of an end cap of the drum 2, for example. The rotating assembly 4
may also be connected to the drum 2 by a frame holding the rotating
assembly 4 in place. The casters 40 may be easily removed for field
service. A caster 40 can be replaced when it is not in contact with the
shaft 3. In one embodiment, one or more casters 40 is adjustable so that
it may be moved away from the shaft to create a small tolerance within
which the shaft 3 may be moved radially away from each of the casters 40.
In this manner, casters 40 may be may be replaced one at a time. In
another embodiment, the shaft 3 is moved by employing a conventional
hydraulic or mechanical jack. The jack can be removed once a caster 40 is
replaced and the one or more adjustable casters are tensioned to firmly
hold the shaft 3 in position. The shaft 3 typically runs radially through
the central axis of the drum 2. The casters 40 can be replaced without
"dismasting" or removing the shaft 3 and without removing other casters
40

[0048] Note that "up," "down," "upper," "lower," and "central" are all
relative and may be inverted or oriented or characterized differently in
some applications.

[0049] Several elements of the embodiments may vary significantly while
not changing the essential function or mechanism of action of the system
for moving an object in one axis. In one embodiment of the system 100,
one or more spring-loaded tensioning cables or other elastic tensioning
devices for moving an object, such as compression or torsion springs, may
be substituted for one or more fluid inflatable containers 6, or may be
used in conjunction to stabilize the object 1 or application during
installation, maintenance, replacement or operation. The embodiment may
include the use of stacked, nested, folding, accordion, or leaf-shaped or
configured fluid inflatable actuators. Springs may be added inside the
fluid inflatable containers 6. Springs may be used inside the enclosure
2. The specific shape of a fluid inflatable container 6 may vary widely,
and may change during operation, such that they resemble wedges, cones,
cylinders, pontoons, arcs, or crescents. Torsion or other types of spring
devices may also be used to apply a force on the drum 2 or on the shaft
3. The shape of the enclosure 2 for enclosing the fluid inflatable
container 6 may vary widely and may resemble a wedge, oval, cone or
cylinder, for example. Typically, the shaft 3 would pass through the
enclosure 2 but may be located outside the enclosure 2.

[0050] Multiple embodiments of the system 100 for moving an object in one
axis may be attached together for certain applications that may require
multi-axis movement. In this "two axis configuration" the structure of
one actuator assembly attaches indirectly or directly to the structure of
another actuator assembly such that each actuator provides motion in one
axis. Such a configuration is shown in FIGS. 3-6.

[0051] Finally, in many of the embodiments of the system 100 for moving an
object in one axis, the motive force for the system 100 may be provided
by one or more small and efficient air compressors. A small solar panel
or battery may provide sufficient power to position the entire surface,
and also power the control and communications unit. Alternatively, one or
more large industrial compressor and storage tank may be situated and
connected to provide pressurized fluid to many fluid inflatable
containers within an installation of many such systems for moving an
object in one axis such as a parabolic trough solar collector array or a
radio-telescope array.

[0052] The various systems 100 shown for moving an object in one axis are
new types of rotary drive mechanisms. The systems can be embodied in a
wide variety of uses or applications requiring single axis control and
orientation of large or small, light or heavy objects. The embodiments
are particularly suited to manipulation of large and heavy objects under
external stresses, where other mechanisms would be too delicate,
fault-prone, and/or costly. The system may also be used on small or even
micro-scale where other mechanisms would be too intricate and costly, or
would be otherwise less suited to the application.

[0053] The system and 100 for moving an object in one axis also stabilizes
large, and heavy objects in a variety of wind conditions by using a
balance of forces produced by the strategic placement and pressurization
of fluid inflatable containers and the static force of a fixed mooring.
This is an improvement over the current actuators because the massive
pressures in balance keep the system stable in very high winds, allowing
use in conditions that would otherwise be difficult or very expensive.
Additional dynamic tuning may be accomplished by coupling a torsion
spring to the shaft 3 and the drum 2, thus adding a predictable spring
constant to the system's dynamic behavior.

[0054] The system and method for moving an object in one axis may be used
to construct a multi-axis positioning system that may be remotely
controlled without requirement of external control cabling.

[0055] The system for moving an object in one axis may use either or both
wired and wireless control systems the latter of which provide simplified
central operation of one or more units. Various wireless control systems
may be used.

[0056] The system 100 for moving an object in one axis may also be
integrated into a dual-axis tracker that may support a variety of objects
including antennae, advertising billboards, video screens, hoisting
equipment and other items. The system 100 may also be integrated into a
dual-axis positioning system characterized by an ease of installation,
simplicity of construction, and which may be sold and installed and
repaired at moderate expense.

[0057] Referring now to FIG. 11, shown is a flow-chart of an embodiment of
a method 200 for moving an object in one axis. The exemplary method
includes providing at least one fluid container 6, providing a guidance
system that detects a need for a change in position 205 and sends a data
signal 210 to a control system or computer 14. The guidance system may
include a laser positioning system as either a primary or secondary
guidance system. The laser positioning system includes a laser beam
emitter 15 that emits a laser beam from the surface of the object 1 at a
known angle relative to the object 1 or connector 44. The laser beam is
sensed by a laser sensor 19 (that resides on a solar tower, for example)
that sends a data signal to the computer 14. Other components of a
guidance system (FIG. 6) are described above. The computer 14 interprets
the data signal and converts the data signal into commands for pressure
changes or fluid volume changes 215. The computer 14 activates one or
more pumps via signals to change the volume and pressure 220 of the
fluids in one or more of the fluid inflatable containers 6. The change of
the volume in one or more of the fluid containers 6 moves the object 255.
As a result, the object 1 is moved as directed by the guidance system.

[0058] It should be noted that the embodiments of the system for moving an
object in one axis are not limited to the above explanation. The objects,
advantages, features and uses of the system for moving an object in one
axis will be more apparent from the following detailed description in
reference to the accompanying drawings. Various modifications all reside
in the scope of the embodiments.

[0059] In the foregoing detailed description, systems and methods in
accordance with embodiments of the system for moving an object in one
axis are described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments.
Accordingly, the present specification and figures are to be regarded as
illustrative rather than restrictive. The scope of the system for moving
an object in one axis is to be further understood by the numbered
examples appended hereto, and by their equivalents.

[0060] Further, in describing various embodiments, the specification may
present a method and/or process as a particular sequence of steps.
However, to the extent that the method or process does not rely on the
particular order of steps set forth herein, the method or process should
not be limited to the particular sequence of steps described. As one of
ordinary skill in the art would appreciate, other sequences of steps may
be possible. Therefore, the particular order of the steps set forth in
the specification should not be construed as limitations on the claims.
In addition, the claims directed to the method and/or process should not
be limited to the performance of their steps in the order written, and
one skilled in the art may readily appreciate that the sequences may be
varied and still remain within the spirit and scope of the various
embodiments.