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SS 10: Geography

Ch 10 Geological History

A theory stating that the earth's outer shell is made up of about twenty plates.

Erosion

The wearing down of the Earth's surface by natural means.

Fossils

The remains or impression of a plant or animal hardened in rock.

Geologic Time

The timing and relationships between the events that have occurred during the history of the earth. The earth is 4.6 billion years old.

Eras

represents a time of major sediment deposition and earth movement.

Canadian Shield

Only region of Canada existing during Precambrian Era. Some of its mountains were 12 000 meters, taller than any that are around today.

Folding

When the land is under huge force and is up lifted and the earth buckles (also forms mountains)

Faulting

When the earth's surface cracks due to pressure (also forms mountains)

Igneous rock

When liquid magma rises from the mantel and cools and hardens

Metamorphic Rock

Occurs when sedimentary or igneous rock is changed due to temperature and pressure.

Sedimentary Rock

When rock is broken down and is transported by water. It is laid down in layers.

Glaciers

Huge masses of ice.

Ice Age

A period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's climate

seismologist

Scientist that studies earthquakes and the effects of them.

Wegener

In 1915 came up with the theory of continental drift.

Cenozoic

"The Age of Mammals", began 65 million years ago (still going on), Continents drifted to current position, Alps, Himalayas, & Andes were folded.

Mesozoic Era

Middle life that spanned 180 million years. Known as the age of reptiles. It has three periods: Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous. Events of this era include Pangea starts to break apart, dinosaurs were alive and died, Rocky Mtns were formed.

Pangaea

All the continents put together to form a super-continent

Precambrian

Time period that spans around 4,500 million years ago when the earth was created to the evolution of abundant macroscopic hard-shelled animals