Anatomically, the prostate can be subdivided in two ways: by zone or zokson prostata lobe. The prostate also contains some smooth muscles that also help expel semen during ejaculation. The function of the prostate is to secrete a fluid which contributes to the volume of the semen. The prostatic fluid is expelled in the first part of ejaculatetogether with most of the sperm.

In comparison with the few spermatozoa expelled together with mainly seminal vesicular fluid, those in prostatic fluid have better motilitylonger survival, and better protection of genetic material. Disorders of the prostate include enlargement, inflammationinfection, and cancer. The classical description of a healthy human male prostate portrays it as slightly larger than a walnut.

A study stated that prostate volume among patients with negative biopsy is related significantly with weight and height body mass indexso it is necessary to control for weight. One can sub-divide the prostate in two ways: by zone or by lobe.

The "lobe" classification is more often used in anatomy. The prostate is incompletely divided into five lobes:. The "zone" classification is more often used in pathology. John E.

McNeal first proposed the idea of "zones" in McNeal found that the relatively homogeneous cut surface of an adult prostate in no way resembled "lobes" and thus led to the description of "zones". The prostate gland has four distinct glandular zokson prostata, two of which arise from different segments of the prostatic urethra:.

The secretory epithelium is mainly pseudostratified, comprising tall columnar cells and basal cells, zokson prostata are supported by a fibroelastic stroma — containing randomly oriented smooth-muscle bundles — that is continuous with the bladder. The epithelium is highly variable and areas of low cuboidal or squamous zokson prostata are also present, with transitional epithelium in the distal regions of the longer ducts.

Three histological types of cells are present in the prostate gland: glandular cells, myoepithelial cells, and subepithelial interstitial cells. The prostatic part of the urethra develops from the pelvic middle part of the urogenital sinus endodermal origin. Endodermal outgrowths arise from the prostatic part of the urethra and grow into the surrounding mesenchyme.

The glandular epithelium of the prostate differentiates from these endodermal cells, and the associated mesenchyme differentiates into the dense stroma and the smooth muscle of the zokson prostata. Condensation of mesenchymeurethraand Wolffian ducts gives rise to the adult prostate zokson prostata, a composite organ made up of several tightly fused glandular and non-glandular components. During male seminal emission, sperm is transmitted from the vas deferens into the male urethra via the ejaculatory ducts, which lie within the prostate zokson prostata.

Ejaculation is the expulsion of semen from the urethra. It is possible for some men to zokson prostata orgasm solely through stimulation of the prostate gland, such as zokson prostata massage or anal intercourse. Prostatic secretions vary among species. They are generally composed of simple sugars and are often slightly alkaline. The secretions zokson prostata contain zinc with a concentration —1, times the concentration in blood.

To function properly, the prostate needs male hormones androgenswhich are responsible for male sex characteristics. The main male hormone is testosteronewhich is produced mainly by the testicles. It is dihydrotestosterone DHTa metabolite of testosterone, that predominantly regulates the prostate. Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland. It can be caused by infection with bacteria, or other noninfective causes. Inflammation of the prostate can cause painful urination or ejaculation, groin pain, difficulty passing urine, or constitutional symptoms.

A culprit bacteria may grow in a urine culture. Acute prostatitis and chronic zokson prostata prostatitis are treated with antibiotics.

More recently, a combination of trigger zokson prostata and psychological therapy has proved effective for category III prostatitis as well. Benign prostatic hyperplasia zokson prostata to a non-malignant enlargement hyperplasia of the prostate that is very common zokson prostata older men. Symptoms include needing to urinate often frequencyor taking a while to get started hesitancy.

If the prostate grows too large, it may constrict the urethra and impede the flow of urine, making urination difficult and painful and, zokson prostata extreme cases, completely impossible, causing urinary retention. BPH can be treated with medication, a minimally invasive procedure or, in extreme cases, surgery that removes the prostate. In general, treatment often begins with a alpha antagonist medication such as tamsulosinwhich reduces the tone of the smooth muscle found zokson prostata the ureter that passes through the prostate, making it easier for zokson prostata to pass through.

In TURP, an instrument is inserted through the urethra to remove prostate tissue that is pressing against the upper part of the urethra and restricting zokson prostata flow of urine. Older men often have corpora amylacea [30] amyloiddense accumulations of calcified proteinaceous material, in the ducts of their prostates. The corpora amylacea may obstruct the lumens of the prostatic ducts, and may underlie some cases of BPH.

Urinary frequency due to zokson prostata spasm, common in older men, may be confused with prostatic hyperplasia. Statistical observations show conflicting effects of diet and alcohol consumption.

Life-style changes to zokson prostata the quality of urination include urinating in the sitting position. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers zokson prostata older men in developed countries and a significant cause zokson prostata death for elderly men. Screening for prostate cancer may be in the form of a physical rectal examination or measurement of prostate specific antigen PSA level in the blood.

However, given the zokson prostata risk of overdiagnosis with widespread screening in the general population, prostate cancer screening is controversial. The prostate is found as a male accessory gland in all placental mammals excepting edentateszokson prostatabadgers and otters.

Zokson prostata gland is zokson prostata well developed in dogs, foxes and boars, though in other mammals, such as bulls, it can be small and inconspicuous. They excrete this fluid along with their urine to mark their territory. This mixes with and coagulates semen during copulation to form zokson prostata mating plug that temporarily prevents further copulation. The zokson prostata gland originates with tissues in the urethral wall. This means the urethraa compressible tube used for urination, runs through the middle of the prostate.

This leads to an evolutionary design fault for some mammals, including human zokson prostata. The prostate zokson prostata prone to infection and enlargement later zokson prostata life, constricting the urethra so zokson prostata becomes slow and painful.

Skene's gland is found in both female humans and rodents. Historically it was thought to be a vestigial organ, but recently it has been discovered that it produces the same protein markers, PSA and PABas the male prostate.

Monotremes and marsupial moles lack prostates, instead having simpler cloacal glands that carry their function. A prostate gland also occurs in some invertebrate species, such as gastropods. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is the latest accepted revisionreviewed on 12 October This article is about the male prostate gland. For the equivalent female prostate gland, see Skene's gland.

For the "prostrate" body position, see Prostration. For the journal, see The Prostate. Prostate with seminal vesicles and seminal ductsviewed from in front and above. Main zokson prostata Prostate massage. Main article: Prostatitis.

A digital rectal examinations may be performed to investigate how large a prostate is, or if a prostate is tender which may indicate inflammation.

A diagram of prostate cancer pressing on the urethra, which can cause symptoms. Micrograph showing an inflamed prostate gland, the histologic correlate of prostatitis. A zokson prostata non-inflamed prostatic gland is seen on the left zokson prostata the image. Micrograph showing normal zokson prostata glands and glands of prostate cancer prostatic adenocarcinoma — right upper aspect of image.

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Henry Am J Physiol. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases. Clinical Anatomy. Urology Match. The Journal of Urology. Archived from the original on Gray's Anatomy. Human Sexuality: From Cells to Society. Cengage Learning.

What is involved in the study? What is a Phase III clinical trial? You or your insurance will be charged for standard of care costs, such as the radiation, but you will not be charged for the research components of this study that are not covered by third-party payers, such as your insurance or Medicare. You may experience certain side effects zokson prostata a result of the experimental treatment. These are usually not serious, and your doctor will carefully explain them to you.

In earlier trials, involving approximately patients, ProstAtak has been very well tolerated. As zokson prostata any course of treatment, experimental or otherwise, there also may be other side effects or risks that cannot be predicted. It's important to understand that you may spend time, undergo injections and biopsy procedures zokson prostata incur side zokson prostata, all without aiding the treatment of your disease.

While there is reason to believe that the experimental protocol may be effective zokson prostata ProstAtak would not have been granted Fast-Track status if preious studies had not demonstrated its potential effecacy - there zokson prostata no guarantee. Your participation may or may not enhance the effects zokson prostata your radiation therapy.

There is sufficient scientific evidence to believe that ProstAtak may help reduce the risk of your cancer coming back several years down the road, but we do not know for sure. One thing is certain: Whether you directly benefit from the drug or not, by participating in this study you will be making an important and meaningful contribution towards conquering the disease.

Only you can decide. But if you think the potential benefits are worth the possible risks and inconvenience of taking part in this study, you are invited to join the teeam of men in the zokson prostata to defeat prostate cancer. ProstAtak is a new prostate cancer treatment trial for localized prostate cancer using gene therapy. This new cancer treatment trial is now available at our facilities and we are one of only two medical centers in zokson prostata Houston area that offer this treatment trial.

Contact us today about participation in this new cancer treatment trial - If you have been diagnosed with early or intermediate stage prostate cancer, there is every reason to be optimistic.

Thanks to early testing, most prostate cancers are now found before symptoms appear, and treatment by radiotherapy or surgery will, in the majority of cases, lead to a cure. Sometimes, however, the cancer comes back, even years after the initial treatment.

At that point it may have spread beyond the prostate; treatment includes medical castration with hormones and chemotherapy, and the risk of treatment failure is considerably higher than before.

Today, doctors have a better understanding of cancer than ever before, and medical research is exploring new ways to prevent recurrence. For prostate cancer, a new drug candidate called ProstAtak has proven to be especially promising in early trials. The ProstAtak treatment works something like a vaccine.

Based on an innovative technique known as gene transfer technology, it is used in conjunction with standard radiation therapy. The idea, basically, is to "jump-start" the body's own immune system so it can detect and destroy remaining or recurring cancer cells. ProstAtak is not the only cancer vaccine, but at present it is the only zokson prostata product in development for preventing recurrence in newly diagnosed, localized prostate cancers.

Like yours. While the typical drug approval process can zokson prostata many years, even decades, ProstAtak is already in its final stage of evaluation. If the outcome of zokson prostata study is positive, ProstAtak is likely to be approved - the first drug ever with zokson prostata stage prostate cancer as its primary indication.

We're ready to get going. Now zokson prostata only obstacle to completing this potentially life-saving study is finding qualified patients to participate.

Because you have prostate cancer, you may qualify to take part in this research study. Your doctor will discuss the details of the experimental treatment, which is done in addition to and together with your standard radiation therapy. It is important to remember that if you participate, you will receive the same standard of zokson prostata treatment as you would if you do zokson prostata participate.

The only difference is the addition of the study drug being evaluated to prevent cancer recurrence. There's one other thing to remember. Everybody will receive the standard radiation therapy and two out of three men in this study will receive a ProstAtak; the other one-third will receive a placebo zokson prostata addition to radiation therapy.

Selection is random, and neither you, nor your doctor nor the sponsor of the study will know zokson prostata you are receiving ProstAtak or the placebo. If you are able to participate, you will receive the same care as otherwise - plus, there is a two-to-one chance you will be receiving ProstAtak. Are there any extra costs? Are there any risks? What zokson prostata the possible benefits?