Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers

Wikia is not accessible if you’ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected.

Has first discovered transiting planet which was nicknamed Osiris due to the comet-like tail detected and the first exoplanet around a normal star to have its mass directly measured. The planet may be losing its outer atmosphere, or magnetism may prevent the ions from escaping. They detected water in its atmosphere (they had failed earlier), the first time this has been done for any exoplanet. 2nd Exoplanet with detected organic compounds; like HD 189733b, it has water and carbon dioxide, but it has a lot more Methane. Tracking carbon molecules with dopplar spectrometry caused it to be the first exoplanet detected to have winds, which are raging at 5,000 to 10,000 km/h. This is believed to cause hotspots to appear at terminators rather than at the star-ward facing point.

Aug 2004 - Planet found in TrES-1 System found. It has about the same mass as HD 209458b and similar irradiation, but for unknown reason, is considerably smaller. HD 209358 will remain the only "puffed up" planet known for a while.

Oct 2004 - Spitzer detects Infrared emitted by TrES-1b

Dec 2004 - Spitzer detects Infrared emitted by HD 209458b

Mar 2005 - Infrared radiation from this planet and TrES-1b detected for first time using Spitzer Space Telescope

Sep 2006 - Second "Inflated Hot Jupiter" in HAT-P-1 System thought to be discovered (but later turned out to not be so puffed up)

Jan 2006 - MOST observations show no habitable Earth-like planets in the system by attempting to detect gravitational effects on transit timing of any nearby planet

Jan 2007 - Temperature found to be uniform on day and night side, indicating supersonic winds go from hot side to the cold side

Feb 2007 - Richardson/Seager (Goddard) and Swain's (JPL) teams fail to detect water, methane, or carbon using Spitzer Space Telescope. Richardson's team only detected sandy Silicate Clouds, thought to be hiding the water (looked just before planet disappears behind star)

Apr 2007 - Barman's study detects water in the atmosphere (looked during transit)

May 2007 - Surface Gravity found to be near Earth's, leading insight into escape velocity

Dec 2008 - Water detected before, during, and after transit by a team (Demen commented, but wasn't part of it), confirming water's presense

Oct 2009 - Carbon Dioxide and Methane detected by Swain's team, who had earlier detected them in the HD 189733 System.

Jan 2010 - Temperature variations (weather) found on dark side of planet, but not day side.

Jun 2010 - Carbon Monoxide movements detected revealing supersonic winds. Orbital speed calculated, yielding exact mass for the first time for any exoplanet(before it was based on inferred stellar mass).

Firsts:

First planet detected with the transit technique

First planet found with Dopplar Spectrometry that was confirmed with a transit

First visual evidence for an exo-planet

First visual evidence for Hot Jupiters

First Hot Jupiter shown to have the predicted bloatedness

First planet to have its temperature measured

First transiting planet and hot Jupiter close enough to make good observations

First exoplanet proven to be gaseous rather than solid

First planet whose transit detected by amateur astronomers

First planet whose molecules in its atmosphere are detected

First planet found to have Sodium, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Water

First evaporating planet found

First exoplanet to have its mass directly measured (via orbit speed measurements)

At first, thought to be 1.6 RJ, which confirmed theories that hot Jupiters would be "puffed up"

Found to be 20% larger than models predicted in 2003 report, prior to discovery of any other transiting exoplanets

Radius reduced to 1.3 RJ eventually, but other planets were found to not be as puffed up. Why was it so much bigger than the 7 other known transiting planets, including TrES-1, which had similar temperature and mass.

Orbit confirmed to be circular via transit techniques, so an explanation that it was eccentric and thus stressed more went out the window

Second "puffed up planet" HAT-P-1 was thought to be found in 2006, but turned out to be not so puffed up

Outer Envelope (Full Extended Upper Atmosphere):

Contains an outer envelope of atomic Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, and theoretically heavier atoms like Iron in an extended gas envelope

This envelope is being ripped away at speeds of 35,000 km/h

Envelope is 3 times the planet's diameter

Envelope trails off into a tail

Envelope and tail are both completely transparent

Eventually, the planet may be stripped bare, leaving only a 10 Earth Mass core in orbit (a "Cthonian planet")

Hydrogen boiling off at rate of 10,000 tons a second

Tail extends 125,000 miles

Hydrogen moving quickly relative to planet, therefore it is escaping

Escaping Hydrogen is "blowing off" the Oxygen and Carbon, which are too heavy to leave the planet by themselves

It will take 5 Billion years for the atmosphere to be completely lost

Upper Atmosphere

A transition area where gas escapes into the hydrogen envelope

Outer atmosphere starts at 1,000K to 15,000K (hotter than the surface of the Sun) observed via effects of starlight passing through it

Hot Hydrogen detected

Observed by Gilda E. Ballester

Lower Atmosphere

Hydrogen was detected in it

Heat Distribution

Temperature found to be the same on the day side as the night side in 2007, constrasting to the hot/cold atmosphere in the Upsilon Andromedae System

Supersonic winds proposed to explain uniform day/night temperatures

Temperature near terminator varies by 20% over time

Location of coldest spot varies by 20 degrees, occasionally appearing west of the anti-solar point

In 2010, wind speed was measured by measuring flow of Carbon Monoxide, at 7,000 km/hour

Elements Detected:

Sodium: First element detected. As it has a strong signature, it was the first element to be searched for and found. Finding it proved the planet had an atmosphere, the first time that was done. Had slightly less Sodium than predicted, perhaps hinting at clouds blocking some of it. A rare element, but easy to detect.

Hydrogen: Second element detected. First observed in an envelope of escaped Hydrogen. Hydrogen is moving so fast that it pushes heavier elements off the planet into the envelope. Also observed in a tail. Hydrogen also observed in the lower atmosphere. Also observed in the upper atmosphere, where it is "evaporating".

Oxygen: First planet where Oxygen was detected. Found being "blown off" the upper atmosphere and into the envelope.

Carbon: First planet where Carbon was detected. Also "blown off" the upper atmosphere into the envelope. Atmosphere found to be carbon-rich, similar to Jupiter and Saturn, suggesting it was formed similarly to those planets, and then migrated inward.

Water: At first, water was not detected by two studies and a third around another study. It was later detected over a transit (rather than from behind the star like the other studies). Many were still not convinced, so another study confirmed its presence before, during, and after an eclipse.

Carbon Dioxide: Detected by the same team who had earlier found it around another star.

Methane: Detected by the same team who had earlier found it around another star.

Carbon Monoxide: Detected and tracked to determine the speeds of the winds ("poisonous winds"), which blow over 10 times as fast as a tornado from the day side to the night side.

Statistics:

Mass = 0.63 Jupiter

Radius 1.35 Jupiter

Density = 370 kg/m3

Surface gravity = 9.39 m/s² (0.96 g)

Surface Temperature = 1,130 K

Distance from Earth = 150 ly

Orbit Period = 3.5 days

Distance = 0.045 AU

Eccentricity = 0.014

Surface Gravity = 9.28 ms-2 (Earth is 9.8, Jupiter is 24.8)

Other:

Marcy wanted to name it "Shadow" or "Silhouette"

Later nicknamed "Osiris"

Observers:
Marcy team {announced discovery} -

Geoffrey Marcy (professor at Berkeley in California) - head of those who first detected wobble

Paul Butler (Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution) - one of those who first detected wobble

Steve Vogt (of University of California, Santa Cruz, and Lick Observatory) - one of those who first detected wobble

Greg Henry (an astronomer at the Tennessee State University) - first detected transit

American-Swiss Team {first observed planet, but didn't announce it} -

David Charbonneau (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Massachusetts) - first to detect transit, but didn't announce findings. first used HST to detect its atmosphere and found Carbon