Table 3-6: "Religious Profiles of Selected Metropolitan Areas ". Based on self-identification, phone interviews, conducted by Graduate School of the City University of New York, 1990. Total area pop: 3.2 million.

Table: "Gay Neighborhoods Around the Country "; "In many large cities, there are neighborhoods where gay people live, own businesses, or just hang out. Each has its own local designation "; Winter Park, Orlando

"ALBIGENSES: CHRISTIAN HERETICAL SECT named after the City of Albi in the South of France. It arose in the eleventh century, flourishing in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries before being brutally suppressed by the INQUISITION. It professed a FORM of MANICHAEAN DUALISM which regarded CHRIST as an ANGEL with a phantom body, proclaimed that the ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH was corrupt, and taught a form of ESOTERIC and OCCULT knowledge as the means of SALVATION. "

Albigensianism

France

-

-

-

-

1200 C.E.

Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996), pg. 326-327.

"By the late 1600s a group of Swiss Anabaptists emigrated northward from Switzerland to the Alsace region, which lies in present-day France, between the Rhine River and the Vosges Mountains. A bitter controversy erupted between the Alsatian immigrants and those who remained in Switzerland. The quarel came to a head in 1693 and gave birth to the Amish church... The decisive issue, however, that polarized the Swiss and Alsatian Anabaptists was the treatment of excommunicated members. Following the teaching of the Dutch Anabaptists, Ammann taught that expelled members should not only be banned from communion but also shunned in normal social relations... secondary issues, such as the excommunication of liars and the salvation of Anabaptist sympathizers, also hovered ove the dispute. However, the shunning of excommunicated members drove the final wedge between the Swiss and Alsatian Anabaptists in 1693. "

Table: weekly church attendance in various nations. "Source: Based on latest avail. data from... World Values surveys. Results with an asterisk are from the 1990-1991 survey; all others are from 1995-1997 survey. "

attendance - weekly

France

-

21.00%

-

-

1997

"Religious Spirit " in American Demographics (Aug. 1998), pg. 62.

Survey question: "attend church once a week, excluding funerals and christenings. " National sample of adults in 60 countries by Diane Swanbrow at University of Michigan.

"World Values Survey conducted in 60 countries and directed by the University of Michigan... attended church once a week, a figure that doesn't count attendance at weddings, funerals, christenings and baptisms... 21% of those surveyed in France "

"...according to a worldwide study based at the University of Michigan. Fully 44% of Americans attend church once a week, not counting funerals, christenings and baptisms, compared with 27% of people in Great Britain, 21% of the French, 4% of Swedes and 3% of Japanese. "

"Figures are for BWA affiliated conventions/unions only (no independents included). "; Table with 3 columns: Country, "Churches ", & "Members "; "1997/1998 Totals "; [BWA stats. in individual countries are sum of figures for member bodies of BWA in the countries.]; [County population figures for 1998 from United Nations data available here.]

Most of France's 600,000 Buddhists are of Asian origin, "but millions are influenced by Buddhism, particularly in professional and intellectual circles, " said the report.; over 200 Zen, Tibetan and other Buddhist meditation centers have opened since 1960

"The name Camisards was given to the Calvinist peasantry of the Cevennes and Bas-Languedoc regions of southern France, who at the beginning of the 18th century waged partisan warfare against the armies of Louis XIV. The word Camisard derives from camisa, meaning 'shirt' in the local dialect. It has been suggested that the Camisards may have changed their shirts frequently, to symbolize purity... The men would take up arms to attack a Catholic village or castle... The revolt of the Camisards broke out on the night of 24 July 1702... it is likely that the number involved never exceeded 4,000, or the number under arms at any one time 1,500. But these small, temporary units were supported by a population of some 200,000... "

Cathars

France

-

-

-

-

1200 C.E.

Malcom, Noel. Bosnia: A Short History. Washington Square, NY: New York University Press (1994), pg. 28.

"A similar structure developed among the Cathars of southern France in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, whose heresy was directly influenced by Bogomil teachings. "

Cathars

France

-

-

-

-

1200 C.E.

Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996), pg. 326-327.

"Albigensianism. Named for the town of Albi in southern France where it originated in the 11th century, this sect held doctrine that was basically Manichaean; as in many heretical sects, its members railed against the vices and worldliness of the clergy. The church's organized persecutions of them in the 13th century are legendary for their mercenary cruelty. Crusaders were offered the confiscated lands of the heretics, whom they mutilated, tortured, and slaughtered by the thousands. "

"Religions: The government does not officially recognize any church, but the largest is the Roman Catholic Church, which had an estimated 45.3 million members in the mid-1970s, though less than one-fifth were regular church attenders. "

"The official religion in France is Roman Catholicism. Around 90% of the French people are Catholics by birth... The Catholic religion requires its members to attend mass once a week on Sundays. In modern times this is lapsing and the churches are no longer as full as they used to be... A large number of young people do not get married in church any longer, and attend just the ceremony at the registrar's office. This is all part of the ever-changing trend of the modern world. "

"...figures given in the latest edition of the Church's Statistical Yearbook for 1997... Brazil is the country with the largest number of dioceses or ecclesiastical districts (262), while France is the country with the largest number of parishes (27,862). "

"Religions: The government does not officially recognize any church, but the largest is the Roman Catholic Church, which had an estimated 45.3 million members in the mid-1970s, though less than one-fifth were regular church attenders. "

"Location: France; Population: About 57 million "; "About 80% of the French population is Roman Catholic, although fewer than one-fifth of Catholics attend church regularly. "

Catholic - Carthusian

France

-

-

-

-

1084 C.E.

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 157.

"Carthusians. Roman Catholic religious order of contemplative monks started (1084) by St. Bruno in the French Alps. The monks pray, eat, and sleep in solitary huts, coming together for community worship and one weekly conversation period. "

Christianity

France

44,150,000

-

-

-

1997

Ash, Russell. The Top 10 of Everything, DK Publishing, Inc.: New York (1997), pg. 160-161.

"Francois de Paris... died in 1727.... On the day of the funeral, an old woman... was cured on touching the bier. Other miraculous cures were reported... during the next four years. But it was in... 1731 that... Visitors to the tomb of St. Medard began to be seized with convulsions... The Church of St. Medard had Jansenist connections, situated as it was near Port-Royal [France] which was a renowned centre of Jansenist scholars. When the cult of Francois de Paris grew, the adherents who became known as Convulsionaries were a group of Jansenists... "

"...in January 1732 the cemetary was closed by royal decree... But although the focus of the convulsionary movement was thus removed, neither the healings nor the convulsions were thereby brough to an end. Evidently the connection with the tomb of Francois de Paris was incidental, rather than essential. The movement spread into the provinces. Significantly, it found support among the aristocracy, and even Voltaire's brother, Armand Arouet, counted himself among its adherents. "

"The fame of St. Medard spread and the number of visitors multiplied. However, not all those who came did so for worthy reasons; on 7 August 1731 a certain widow Delorme came to the cemetary to scoff, and was paralysed for her impudence... Public opinion was still further roused, for political issues were involved; near-riots ensued, and in January 1732 the cemetary was closed by royal decree. "

"If we ask what the Convulsionaries actualy did to provoke those extreme judgements, the account of an interview which took place in 1758 between Lieutenant Bertin of the Frenc Police and a certain Dr. Dubourg of Paris is illuminating. Dubourg's testimony was restrained and factual. He was privately convinced that although the practices of the Convulsionaries were odd and indeed repugnant, there was no question of imposture or trickery... "; "...the Jansenist origins of the movement introduced a political element... and as a result the authorities adopted repressive measures. Thousands of Convulsionaries were imprisoned. This had the effect of driving the movement underground, where it later gave rise to competing sects before disappearing completely. "

"The Bretons have a strong Druid and Arthurian tradition from classical and medieval times; there were the famous prophesying 'Druidesses' on the Ile de Seine, and the enchantments of the Forest of Broceliande, near Rennes, where Merlin was imprisoned in a tree by the enchantress Vivien. It was only at the beginning of the present century, however, that Druidry became an organized force in Brittany. For several years now the annual August Eisteddfod has been held beside the beautiful lake at Paimpont, in the midst of the old forest area of Broceliande. "

"One of the most surprising features of Speculative Freemasonry's early history is the Craft's vigorous and speedy expansion in Europe. An English Lodge was founded in Paris in 1732... "

Gurdjieff

France

-

-

-

-

1949

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 287.

"Gurdjieff, Georges Ivanovitch (1872-1949). Founder of the Institute for the Harmonious Development of Man in Fountainbleau, France, where, through calisthenics and music he helped his followers to higher planes of consciousness. He claimed to base his teachings on those of a 'hidden brotherhood' in Central Asia. "

"A 1992 French study reported 1.1 percent of men and 0.3 percent of women having had same-sex relations in the previous year, 1.4%/0.4% in the previous five years, and 4.1%/2.6% ever. "; Pg. 197: "This study involved 20,055 subjects. "

"Huguenots: French Protestants of the 16th and 17th centuries who were branded as heretics and subjected to severe persecution by the Catholic authorities: defiantly resisting their oppressors in the wars of religion which ravaged France in the late 16th century, they were rewarded in 1598 with the Edict of Nantes which granted Huguenots freedom of conscience and full civil rights; the Edict was revoked in 1685 by Louis XIV and many Huguenots fled to England and Prussia. "

Huguenots

France

300,000

-

-

-

1598 C.E.

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 330.

"Huguenot... The Edict [of Nantes] was revoked by Louis XIV in 1685, leading to a great exodus, estimated as more than 300,000, of Huguenots from France. A later edict gave freedom to Protestants in 1787. "

Huguenots

France

-

10.00%

-

-

1598 C.E.

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 330.

"Huguenot. A name of uncertain origin applied to the Reformed French Protestants... In 1598 [Henry IV] granted the Edict of Nantes that provided limited toleration for the Reformed, who probably numbered 10 percent of the population at that time. "

Huguenots

France

-

-

-

-

1600

Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996), pg. 347.

"HUGUENOTS: French PROTESTANTS who followed John CALVIN. They suffered constant persecution and over 10,000 were slaughtered in the SAINT BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY MASSACRE. Later many more were expelled from France after the Edict of Nantes, which gave them religious FREEDOM, was revoked in 1685. Leaving their homeland, they made significant contributions to many countries where they found refuge. "

Table with following columns: Movement; Total Membership; Full-Time Members; P/T Members; Sympathizers.; For this study Clarke "approached researchers & observers in the field of new religions [& org./church reps.] to obtain their opinions & any hard... data "

"Muslims have organized their Belgian Community " from Le Monde, "reputed as the most serious newspaper in France, Luc, ROSENZWEIG "; posted to by Roger Gonnet.

"It has been necessary for Belgians to organize some balance between the Muslim religion's different tendencies to be able to get a valuable vote. France has never been able to get this done, into its 4 millions Muslims community. "

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