Constitution, Miranda, and Constelation Class

There are also those small squarish fixtures at the upper corners of the bow shuttlebay - properly visible basically only in that Picard Maneuver image. They look like phaser emitters, but they aren't painted yellow. Proper size for a torp tube..

Memory Alpha shows at least one (CGI) Miranda firing forward torps from the usual place, although I can't place the shot in any specific episode. And "What You Leave Behind" has the cute scene of one poor Miranda desperately dodging and weaving, under pursuit from a Breen ship, and IIRC firing at least one aft torpedo before the Breen turns away and retreats to defend Cardassia Prime.

Constitution = Cruiser
Miranda = Frigate
Constellation = Destroyer

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The Constellation is a "star cruiser" in "Peak Performance"...

The Miranda is never anything verbally, not even "Miranda".

Perhaps, although if those features are around the other doors...

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...Then they are tractor beams, plain and simple.

The Miranda has similar things on the upper corners of her bays, but those are in triangular rather than square indentations.

this is a better-lit image
[LEFT]http://tng.trekcore.com/hd/albums/1x09/thebattle_hd_429.jpg
Doesn't look like there is any photon hardware but as blssdwlf said, could be doors. Could be that Constellations had them when they were new but the launcher guts were removed as the tech obsolesced and the space repurposed.
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Umm, look at the image again, the torp deck is at the bottom of the lower pylon, right there, same as the Conny refit type.

this is a better-lit image
[LEFT]http://tng.trekcore.com/hd/albums/1x09/thebattle_hd_429.jpg
Doesn't look like there is any photon hardware but as blssdwlf said, could be doors. Could be that Constellations had them when they were new but the launcher guts were removed as the tech obsolesced and the space repurposed.
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Umm, look at the image again, the torp deck is at the bottom of the lower pylon, right there, same as the Conny refit type.

Well, 33 years ago, it looked great! It's just the wear and tear of packing and unpacking, repainting, and handling over the years has done a number on it. Plus I doubt many of the materials and paints used were meant to last that long.

Just look around on http://www.ex-astris-scientia.org
The Constellations have two TMP style photorp launchers each just underneath the horizontal nacelle pylons, every version of the ship has those even the yellow desktop model.

...And let's clarify that this "covering up" is due to the fact that the muzzles of the torp tubes are separate plastic bits that need to be glued onto the smooth forward ends of the torpedo deck pieces, but were left out in the construction of both the photographic model and the yellow desktop model.

So we aren't really talking about Starfleet in-universe installing shutters on a launcher type lifted directly from the Constitution refit, but about Starfleet possibly completely removing such launchers and plating over the holes, or possibly installing new and more compact launchers that have hinged cover plates. Canonically, the muzzle bits were never there, but Sternbach's own art shows them in place - so I'd like to think Starfleet removed the Constitution style tubes at some point after the 23rd century and installed all-new weapons in roughly the same location, with single tubes that we can see in the form of those tubular greeblies atop the top launcher deck and below the bottom one.

Ok, now because I have already have understand about Miranda, Constitution and Constellation ; what about Ambassador and Excelsior? As we already know, Ambassador is newer than Excelsior, but we see more Excelsior than Ambassador in DS9 and TNG. Even Galaxy Class has more screen time in DS9. So what happen to the Ambassador Class? Is it a failed design or what?

I wouldn't call it a failed design, but TPTB have always been weird when it comes to how they use some models. There was only one Intrepid class vessel seen on DS9 (or outside of VOY for that matter), because VOY was still running then and for some reason they don't like to use other ships of the same class as a protagonist ship. I don't think it makes much difference to viewers myself.

Ok, now because I have already have understand about Miranda, Constitution and Constellation ; what about Ambassador and Excelsior? As we already know, Ambassador is newer than Excelsior, but we see more Excelsior than Ambassador in DS9 and TNG. Even Galaxy Class has more screen time in DS9. So what happen to the Ambassador Class? Is it a failed design or what?

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The real reason why we never saw the Ambassador class more than a handful of times was because the filming model was damaged and wasn't used again after the first episode of DS9. Conversely, the Excelsior model (and the Reliant model as well) survived long enough to be scanned into a CGI model, which is why we see tons of them in later DS9 in CGI-heavy space battle scenes.

The in-universe reason? The one that gets bandied about the most is that the Ambassadors were built for long-range deep space exploration, and we don't see much of them simply because none are anywhere close by. There's certainly no indication whatsoever that it was a failed design. If you think it was a failed design simply because we didn't see it much, then by that logic the 20-odd conjectural designs must also be failed, because we didn't see them even once. Or the BoBW kitbashes...or the DS9 kitbashes...or heck, even the Sovereign and Intrepid classes...

The Excelsior-class model was damaged when modifications were made to it for an appearance in Generations, yet the producers elected to pay for a new model. There had to be another reason why the Ambassador-class model wasn't used again.

Ambassadors are stil around, but probably built in small numbers like the Galaxies. How can you expect to see them in the same numbers as Excelsiors, when Ambassadors are right up there in sheer size behind Galaxy and Nebulas?
If a few of them were destroyed during Dominion War, they would be almost extinct by the end of it.