Wednesday, November 30, 2016

“He gazed up at the enormous face. Forty years it had taken him to learn what kind of smile was hidden beneath the dark moustache. O cruel, needless misunderstanding! O stubborn, self-willed exile from the loving breast! Two gin-scented tears trickled down the sides of his nose. But it was all right, everything was all right, the struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother”

George Orwell, 1984

By Gary;

I am cutting The Donald a lot of slack on Cabinet appointments and other assorted Administration building efforts.

Let him build his team and then come next summer we will see what he does.

To avoid a Congress that hates him and his policies I suspect much of the action on immigration and trade will all be by executive order. Cool. No argument from me.

But perhaps the most serious issue of all is Trump following the standard GOP-Democrat line and growing the 1984 Police Surveillance State through his appointments and policies.A first challenge for privacy advocates comes this week: A new rule is set to go into effect on Dec. 1 letting the FBI get permission from a judge in a single jurisdiction to hack into multiple computers whose locations aren’t known.“Under the proposed rules, the government would now be able to obtain a single warrant to access and search thousands or millions of computers at once; and the vast majority of the affected computers would belong to the victims, not the perpetrators, of a cybercrime,” Senator Ron Wyden, an Oregon Democrat who serves on the Intelligence Committee, said in a statement.

1984 - Trump Hires Big BrotherTrump picked Rep. Mike Pompeo (R-Kan.) to run the Central Intelligence Agency. Said Pompeo: "It's absolutely the case that we have not been able to secure all the American information that we needed to . . . " and Pompeo and a co-author wrote in a Wall Street Journal commentary in January. “Legal and bureaucratic impediments to surveillance should be removed.”"Congress should pass a law re-establishing collection of all metadata, and combining it with publicly available financial and lifestyle information into a comprehensive, searchable database," Pompeo wrote.

New Attorney General Jeff Sessions has opposed restraints on NSA surveillance and said in June that he supported legislation to expand the types of internet data the FBI can intercept without warrants.

This is not an attack on Trump. Of all the candidates in both parties only Rand Paul stood up against the NSA Police State. But on other vital issues like immigration and trade Paul was pure open borders.

Almost no one appears to care about the Bill of Rights. So what does a Constitutional Federalist do? At this point all we can do is be watchful.

I really do not want to sound like an elitist, but where in the Hell does the GOP dig up these simple minded retards to represent the party?

We are not electing a Pope. So what does Christ have to do with anything?

(Snopes) - A Republican elector from Texas announced that he was giving up his position because of what he described as religious objections to supporting Donald Trump. Media outlets picked up on Art Sisneros' decision, which he explained in a lengthy blog post on 26 November 2016:

I do not see how Donald Trump is Biblically qualified to serve in the office of the Presidency. Of the hundreds of angry messages that I have received, not one has made a convincing case from scripture otherwise. If Trump is not qualified and my role, both morally and historically, as an elected official is to vote my conscience, then I can not and will not vote for Donald Trump for President. I believe voting for Trump would bring dishonor to God. The reality is Trump will be our President, no matter what my decision is.

Sisneros argued that the nature of the Electoral College itself has been compromised, since electors are required by their parties to vote for their respective presidential candidates. (This is somewhat inaccurate, as electors voting outside party consensus, also known as "faithless electors," can receive penalties — typically a fine or a misdemeanor charge — but Texas has no laws on the books stating that electors have to vote in line with the state's population.)

Sisneros also accused the state GOP of acting against the principles stated in its own platform:

The law of nature’s God give clear principles for electing civil leaders. The original intent of the Constitution gives a specific method that to apply those principles. The Republican party of Texas declares their #1 principle is to honor God and original intent of the Constitution. They then force Electors to make a pledge that is contrary to both. To point out this discrepancy is treasonous.

Instead of acting as a "faithless elector" and voting against Trump, however, Sisneros said he would leave his position and allow the party to install someone who would vote for Trump.

A burka was placed on a statue of former Empress of Austria Maria Theresa.

Saying NO to Islamization

(Breitbart London) - The hipster-right Identitarian youth movement has placed a full face veil on one of Vienna’s most well known statues to protest what they see as the Islamisation of Austria.

According to a press release put out by the group, the action took place in the early hours of Tuesday morning and required heavy duty equipment to accomplish as seen in the groups photos on their Facebook account.

The full face veil was placed on the 65 foot high statue to protest, what the group says in the growing Islamisation of Austria and included a sign at the foot of the statue reading, “Islamisation? No thanks!”

The burka was placed on a statue of former Empress of Austria Maria Theresa who is still much revered in the country for her stewardship and reforms in education and agriculture. She was also well known during her reign for her devout Catholic faith and attempts to convert those of other beliefs to Catholicism.“If the politicians keep silent about Islamization, we need to draw attention to them all the more clearly! Every day our country is a bit more Islamized,” the group wrote, adding that “in Muslim kindergartens, jihad against unbelievers is called for, individual offenders perform assassinations while screaming “Allahu Akbar!” in Austria. Meanwhile, state-legitimate Islamic experts know that all this has nothing to do with Islam and that Islamization does not take place.”The assassinations mentioned likely refer to the Graz killer and a Vienna Muslim who attempted to copy his crime by running over pedestrians with his car in the style of the Nice attacks in France earlier this year. “We therefore demand a remigration of all the illegal and those Muslims who reject our social order,” they write and go on to say, “furthermore, the political persecution of those people who are concerned about the future of Austria and the fact of the Islamization of our country must cease.”

First lady Michelle Obama wears a hijab while President Obama visits Istiqlal Mosque in Jakarta in 2010 (Photo: Screenshot/CNN Turk)

Kissing the Ass of Islamic Oppression

(World Net Daily) - Just hours before a Muslim jihadist stabbed Ohio State University students with a butcher knife and plowed into them with his car, a CNN host suggested Americans should wear Islamic head coverings to show “solidarity” with Muslims who fear for their safety in the U.S.

“Maybe there will be a movement where people wear the head scarf in solidarity. You know, even if you’re not Muslim,” suggested CNN anchor Alisyn Camerota on CNN’s “New Day.”

“Maybe it’s the way people shave their heads, you know, sometimes in solidarity with somebody who is going through something,” she said.

Camerota made her comments following a news segment on Muslims who say they fear they will be attacked for wearing a religious head covering, or hijab, in public.

However, as WND has reported, some claims are suspect. In one case, a female Muslim student at University of Louisiana accused a Trump-supporting man of attacking her and ripping off her hijab, but she later admitted she made up the story.

In the CNN package, a Muslim woman named Marwa Abdelghani told the network: “I hope I can wear it one day again. I hope I can feel safe enough to do so.”

Russian ice dancer Tatyana Navka, who won Olympic gold in the winter of 2006, is the wife of Dmitry Peskov, who has been Putin’s top spokesman since 2012.

Navka competed with her partner Andrew Burkovsjy on the Russian television show Ice age, the Daily Mailreported. Ice age is a celebrity competition show on the Kremlin-owned broadcaster Channel One.

The dancing pair donned striped pajamas with yellow Star of David patches during the ice-dancing routine. The Nazis forced Jews to put yellow Star of David patches on their clothes during the Holocaust to identify them as Jewish, and prisoners in concentration camps often had to wear striped pajamas as their uniform.

Hitler on Ice

The performance was meant to directly reference the Holocaust, according to the Daily Mail.

The Saturday night peak time Nazi-themed item was said to be based on the Italian movie Life is Beautiful, a 1997 tragicomedy about an Italian-Jewish man’s fight to survive in a Nazi concentration camp.

Navka posted images of the performance on her Instagram account and wrote that she hoped to pay remembrance to the Holocaust so future generations would never have to experience anything so terrible.

Many people expressed outrage at Navka’s decision to invoke the Holocaust, including numerous social media users such as comedian Sarah Silverman.

This is not the first time this year a dancing performance in Russia has used the Holocaust as its theme. On Russia’s equivalent of Dancing With The Stars, one performance featured an SS Guard trying to find a young Jewish girl.

Retard Alert - Old geezers like Mark Hamill tend to get early Alzheimer's and lash out at innocent people.

For reasons I can't understand this retard has no trouble with the corruption in Comrade Obama's Justice Department or the Hildabeast selling her office for cold hard cash. But to his troubled mind new cabinet members who are innocent of any crime are "despicable".

"I’m glad I have [the show] to take my mind off what’s going on," the actor who plays Luke Skywalker in the "Star Wars" film franchise continued. "Because if you look at what’s being assembled for our government it’s like,yikes. It’s a who’s who of really despicable people."

Hamill,an outspoken Democrat and Trump critic, said that he hopes the the positive messages of "Star Wars" still resonate with young fans.

"It sounds corny, but the 'Star Wars'films were incredibly optimistic films,” he told The Daily Beast. “They talked about doing good just because it helps others and being selfless and understanding your place in the universe. Beyond being entertaining, I hope that’s a message that kids still respond to. Because I still believe that. I still believe all those tenets of ‘treat others the way you want to be treated’ and so forth."

(AFP) - An Indonesian woman screamed in agony Monday as she was caned in Aceh, the latest in a growing number of women to be publicly flogged for breaking the province's strict Islamic laws.

Aceh is the only province in the world's most populous Muslim-majority country that imposes sharia law. People can face floggings for a range of offences -- from gambling, to drinking alcohol, to gay sex.

In the latest caning, five people -- two women and three men -- were flogged in front of a cheering crowd at a mosque in the provincial capital Banda Aceh.

The 34-year-old woman who yelled in pain had been found guilty of spending time in close proximity with a man who was not her husband in contravention of Aceh's Islamic regulations.

She was lashed seven times with a rattan cane by a man wearing long robes and a hood, with just slits for the eyes.

"It hurts so bad," the woman said, raising her arms into the air, as she was beaten.

The 32-year-old man with whom she was caught was also flogged seven times.

Two university students, both 19, received 100 lashes of the cane after they confessed to sex outside marriage. They stared at the ground as they were flogged, showing little emotion.

A man found guilty of sex outside marriage was flogged 22 times although his partner, who is two-months pregnant, is still waiting to learn her fate after facing trial at an Islamic court.

However Aceh authorities typically spare pregnant women from canings.

Aceh, on Sumatra island, began implementing sharia law after being granted special autonomy in 2001, an attempt by the central government in Jakarta to quell a long-running separatist insurgency.

Islamic laws have been strengthened since the province struck a peace deal with Jakarta in 2005, and there has been a particular increase in the number of women being caned in recent times.

The Religion of Peace™Lady Gaga canceled her sold-out show in Indonesia over security concerns after Muslim hard-liners threatened violence if the pop diva went ahead with her “Born This Way Ball”..The Islamic Defenders Front said Lady Gaga’s sexy clothes and provocative dance moves would corrupt youth in the world’s most populous Muslim country.(Associated Press)

Meanwhile back in the sane world

Let the Muslims have their moronic Sharia Law. The rest of us will continue to enjoy the many pleasures of the female body.

(Campus Reform) - Students at Gettysburg College recently held a days-long protest in an effort to put an end to the “mental and emotional abuse of hate speech” apparently found on campus.

In a statement obtained by The Gettysburgian, protest organizer Joseph Recupero explains that students “can no longer face the mental and emotional abuse of hate speech,” noting that they “should not have to fear walking across campus at night” in the wake of Donald Trump’s election.

“We are here for an education, but how can we focus on learning when we are constantly looking over our shoulders?” Recupero asks in a statement promoting the November 17 protest. “So let’s make something happen. Together. This is a time for all of us to unite under an understanding that hate is a poison that we will not swallow.”

The demonstration, which started that Thursday afternoon, continued well into the following day as protesters garnered the support of their school’s president, who met with several of the organizers of the demonstration and even encouraged other students at the college to support the movement.

In fact, in a campus-wide email sent out by President Janet Morgan Riggs, she explains that she was “personally moved” by the demonstration and advised her students to stop by to show their support.

“The group of students continued their sit-in overnight…they plan to continue today,” she writes. “I encourage you to stop by to show your support, share perspectives, and engage in discussion...As we consider next steps, I ask each member of this community to show more kindness, compassion, and appreciation for one another.”

Monday, November 28, 2016

(The Daily Sheeple) - More than half of all New Yorkers don’t have enough money saved
to cover them in the event of a lost job, medical emergency, or other
disaster, according to a new report by the Association for Neighborhood & Housing Development.

As The Gothamist reports, nearly 60
percent of New Yorkers lack the emergency savings necessary to cover at
least three months’ worth of household expenses including food,
housing, and rent, but that statistic isn’t spread evenly across the five boroughs.

The Bronx has the highest rate of families without adequate emergency savings:
in Mott Haven, Melrose, Hunts Point, Longwood, Highbridge, South
Concourse, University Heights, Fordham, Belmont, and East Tremont, 75
percent of families have inadequate emergency savings. The Staten Island
neighborhoods of Tottenville and Great Kills have the lowest rate, with
just 41 percent of families lacking the funds necessary to cover three
months’ worth of expenses.

Without these savings, families who face emergencies could be at risk
of eviction, foreclosure, damaged credit, and even homelessness.

In Brooklyn, families in Brownsville (70%), Bed-Stuy
(67%), Bushwick (68%), East New York (67%), and South Crown
Heights/Prospect Heights (67%) are the most at-risk—in Manhattan, an average of 67 percent of families in Harlem, Washington Heights, and Inwood lack necessary savings.

In Queens, the neighborhoods with the highest
percentage of these households were Elmhurst/Corona (64%),
Rockaway/Broad Channel (60%), Sunnyside/Woodside (59%), and Jackson
Heights (59%).Read more here…

As The ANHD report above shows, there are a litany of other
statistics that, when looked at together, paint a picture of a
neighborhood’s potential (or lack of it) for economic opportunity:
incarceration, unemployment, poverty rates for each neighborhood are
included, as are each neighborhood’s percentage of small businesses,
percentage of households without internet, and percentage of
rent-burdened households.

Now the question is – is this fake news? is this peddling fiction?
Since it sure doesn’t add up to the utopia that Clinton/Obama/Dems have
spewed to their identity-divided supporters.

Comrade Obama's bipartisan unconstitutional Syrian war goes on and on. Note how the "pro-Constitution" GOP eagerly helps Obama arm Islamists to overthrow a foreign government that has NOT attacked the U.S.

(RT News) - US Secretary of State John Kerry has significantly intensified
contacts with Russia on Syria, the Kremlin has confirmed, substantiating
a report that Kerry wants to seal a deal with Moscow before Donald
Trump assumes the US presidency in January.

The report by Washington Post columnist Josh Rogin saysKerry
is making a last-ditch effort to stop the Syrian operation in eastern
Aleppo, because the Trump administration may end up being “squarely on the side of dictator [Syrian President] Bashar al-Assad.”

Russian
presidential aide Yury Ushakov confirmed that Kerry has intensified
contacts with his Russian counterpart, Sergey Lavrov, to discuss the
situation in Syria as of late.

“This [effort] could be called unbelievable, in terms that there
have never been so many phone calls between the Secretary of State and
Russia’s FM which were focused on discussing a single issue – Syria,” he told journalists. Ushakov refrained from commenting on whether there was had been any progress.

According
to the Post piece, which cites four unnamed US officials with the
knowledge of the situation, Kerry hopes to secure a localized ceasefire
in Aleppo by offering to separate members of the so-called moderate
opposition from terrorist groups like Jabhat Fatah al-Sham (formerly
Al-Nusra Front). The report says that Kerry has brought in other
nations, including Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and, at times, Iran, in a
bid to seal the deal.

“Officials acknowledge that a
frustrated Kerry still has not been given authority by the White House
to bring any meaningful pressure to bear against Assad or Russia,
placing him in a weak negotiating position. The prospect of Hillary
Clinton being elected president gave Kerry some leverage, because she
was expected to pursue a more hawkish Syria policy,” Rogin wrote.

Sunday, November 27, 2016

Being a rabid fan is a strange thing. With one of my sons it is all things Metallica. With others it might be The Beatles or Beyoncé. For me it has always been Gordon Lightfoot. Why? I do not have a clue. Music speaks to us all in ways we cannot understand.While trying not to feel too old, here is my 40th Anniversary tribute to Gordon's Summertime Dream album. The album is a perfect 70s blend of folk, country and rock music. A best seller the album went platinum.I have not attended his concerts for years. It is too painful. Gord's voice went long ago. A reminder that we are all getting old.

Summertime Dream

The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald

A tribute to the 29 men who died November 10, 1975, aboard

the Edmund Fitzgerald in Lake Superior.

.

In the US, the song peaked at #2 on the Billboard chart and #50 on the country chart.

The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald

Never Too Close

Race Among the Ruins

Gordon Lightfoot (left) and Bob Dylan about 1974..“I can't think of any Gordon Lightfoot song I don't like. Everytime I hear a song of his, it's like I wish it would last forever. "- Bob Dylan

From day one of the invasion of Iraq by the Moron Bush I screamed that were were deliberately taking out the major enemy of Iran and recreating a new Persian Empire. It is a burden to be right 98.7% of the time, but I have learned to live with it.

(AP) — Rekindling sectarian rivalries at a sensitive time, Iraq's parliament on Saturday voted to fully legalize state-sanctioned Shiite militias long accused of abuses against minority Sunnis, adopting a legislation that promoted them to a government force empowered to "deter" security and terror threats facing the country, like the Islamic State group.

The legislation, supported by 208 of the chamber's 327 members, was quickly rejected by Sunni Arab politicians and lawmakers as proof of the "dictatorship" of the country's Shiite majority and evidence of its failure to honor promises of inclusion.

"The majority does not have the right to determine the fate of everyone else," Osama al-Nujaifi, one of Iraq's three vice presidents and a senior Sunni politician, told reporters after the vote, which was boycotted by many Sunni lawmakers.

"There should be genuine political inclusion. This law must be revised."

Another Sunni politician, legislator Ahmed al-Masary, said the law cast doubt on the participation in the political process by all of Iraq's religious and ethnic factions.

"The legislation aborts nation building," he said, adding it would pave the way for a dangerous parallel to the military and police.

According to a text released by parliament, the militias have now become an "independent" force that is part of the armed forces and report to the prime minister, who is also the commander in chief.

The new force would be subject to military regulations, except for age and education requirements — provisions designed to prevent the exclusion of the elderly and uneducated Iraqis who joined the militias. The militiamen would benefit from salaries and pensions identical to those of the military and police, but are required to severe all links to political parties and refrain from political activism.

The Shiite militias, most of which are backed by Iran, have been bankrolled and equipped by the government since shortly after IS swept across much of northern and western Iraq two years ago. Many of them existed long before IS emerged, fighting American troops in major street battles during the U.S. military presence in Iraq between 2003 and 2011. Their ranks, however, significantly swelled after Iraq's top Shiite cleric, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, called for jihad, or holy struggle, against IS in June 2014.

They now number over 100,000 men and fight with heavy weaponry, including tanks, artillery and rocket launchers. The larger militias have intelligence agencies and run their own jails. Since 2014 they have played a key role in the fight against IS, checking its advance on Baghdad and the Shiite holy cities of Samarra and Karbala and later driving the militants from areas to the south, northeast and north of Baghdad.

Their heavy battlefield involvement followed the collapse of security forces in the face of the 2014 IS blitz, but their role has somewhat diminished in recent months as more and more of Iraq's military units regained their strength and chose to distance themselves from the occasionally unruly militiamen.

(Stars and Stripes) - Nearly 300 Marines came home from their seven-month deployment to Central America this week. They have a few things in tow — wood carvings from local artisans and the grit of experience responding to Hurricane Matthew, among the world’s worst recent natural disasters.

But the reservists returned without something that most were counting on: seven months of GI Bill benefits.

A relatively new and obscure deployment code, a measure the Pentagon created in 2014 to scale back spending on benefits, is the reason. By law, reservists involuntarily mobilized under Title 10, section 12304b, do not receive credit for the GI Bill while they are activated.

The Post-9/11 GI Bill is paid out by the amount of active-duty time racked up. Reservists say deployments are in high demand in part because education benefits will grow much faster than relying on drill time.

Nearly a million reservists have deployed since Sept. 11, 2001, according to data from the Pentagon’s Defense Manpower Data Center.

Marine Sgt. William Hubbard is one of nearly 600 Marine reservists affected since 2014. He deployed to Honduras in May as part of the Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force, a rapid-response unit based in Honduras to strengthen security in the region and respond to natural disasters, like Hurricane Matthew in October.

His civilian job lends him a special perspective on restricting access to the GI Bill.

He is the vice president of government affairs at Student Veterans of America, a national veterans advocacy group that focuses on education policy.

Hubbard said fellow Marines in Honduras are stunned as the word has slowly spread through the ranks. Most incorrectly believed they would receive seven to nine months’ worth of credit for GI Bill benefits, including Hubbard, a benefits legislation expert.

“Reservists serve their country like any other component, and they have to balance civilian employment, education and the military,” Hubbard said. “And to say they don’t rate the full benefit? It doesn’t add up.”

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GEORGE WASHINGTON

Founder of our Federal Republic

John Adams

Founding Federalist President

Federalist Party

For a stong, but limited Constitutional Republic

Jonathan Dayton, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Captain in the Continental Army. Battles of Brandywine Creek, Germantown and Yorktown. Continental Congressman, Constitutional Convention, Federalist Speaker of the House of Representatives and U.S. Senator from New Jersey. Dayton was falsely arrested for treason by order of a power mad Thomas Jefferson in the phony show-trial of Aaron Burr.

Daniel Morgan, Federalist

Brigadier General in the Continental Army, Battles of Quebec, Freeman's Farm, Bemis Heights, Cowpens, and the Whiskey Rebellion. Federalist Congressman from Virginia. Disgusted with Jeffersonian Democrat-Republicans he called them "a parsall of egg-sucking dogs."

Thomas Mifflin, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Major general in the Continental Army, First Quartermaster General, Continental Congressman, President of the Continental Congress, President of the United States in Congress Assembled, Constitutional Convention, President of Pennsylvania, Federalist Governor of Pennsylvania.

Samuel Chase, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Member of the Continental Congress, signed the Declaration of Independence. Chief Justice of the Maryland General Court. Appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court. Impeached by order of a power mad Thomas Jefferson in an attempt to intimidate the independent Federal Courts. Found innocent in a Senate trial fairly presided over by Vice President Aaron Burr.

Edmund Randolph, Federalist

Joined the Continental Army as aide-de-camp to General George Washington. Continental Congress. Introduced the Virginia Plan at the Constitutional Convention. 1st United States Attorney General and 2nd United States Secretary of State under Washington. Governor of Virginia. Defense counsel for Vice President Aaron Burr in the phony treason trial ordered by a power mad Thomas Jefferson.

Theodore Sedgwick, Federalist

Major in the Continental Army, Battle of White Plains and the Invasion of Canada. Federalist Speaker of the House of Representatives, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts. Early anti-slavery activist.

About Me

"Stood in firelight, sweltering. Bloodstain on chest like map of violent new continent. Felt cleansed. Felt dark planet turn under my feet and knew what cats know that makes them scream like babies in night.
Looked at sky through smoke heavy with human fat and God was not there. The cold, suffocating dark goes on forever and we are alone. Live our lives, lacking anything better to do. Devise reason later. Born from oblivion; bear children, hell-bound as ourselves, go into oblivion. There is nothing else.
Existence is random. Has no pattern save what we imagine after staring at it for too long. No meaning save what we choose to impose. This rudderless world is not shaped by vague metaphysical forces. It is not God who kills the children. Not fate that butchers them or destiny that feeds them to the dogs. It is us. Only us.
Streets stank of fire. The void breathed hard on my heart, turning its illusions to ice, shattering them. Was reborn then, free to scrawl own design on this morally blank world. Was Rorschach."
- - - Rorschach, Watchmen (1986)

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, FEDERALIST

Federalist Party Senator from Massachusetts (1803 - 1808). Ambassador to the Netherlands, Prussia, Russia and the United Kingdom. Secretary of State. Congressman. 6th President of the United States. In 1841, Adams had the case of a lifetime, representing the defendants in United States v. The Amistad Africans in the Supreme Court of the United States. Adams won their freedom.

Thomas Pinckney, Federalist

Commissioned as captain in the 1st South Carolina Regiment of the Continental Army. After seeing much action, he became an aide-de-camp to General Horatio Gates. He was captured by the British at the disastrous Battle of Camden in 1780. After recovering from his wounds, he was released in a prisoner exchange. In 1781 he fought under Lafayette in Virginia. Appointed by President George Washington to be the U.S. minister to Great Britain served as Envoy Extraordinary to Spain. The Federalist Party made him a candidate in the 1796 presidential election as the intended running-mate of John Adams. Served as Congressman and Governor of South Carolina. Served as a major general in the Army during the War of 1812.

Arthur St. Clair, Federalist

Major General U.S. Army. Battles of the Plains of Abraham, Trois-Rivières, Trenton, Siege of Fort Ticonderoga, Yorktown, Battle of the Wabash, President of the Continental Congress, Federalist Governor of the Northwest Territory.

Henry Lee III, Federalist

Major General "Light-Horse Harry" Lee fought at the battles of Paulus Hook, Guilford Court House, Eutaw Springs, Yorktown and the Whiskey Rebellion. Federalist Congressman from Virginia, Governor of Virginia. Father of Robert E. Lee. In 1812 Lee was attacked by a Jeffersonian mob of Democratic-Republicans while defending a Federalist newspaper from attack. Lee and the other Federalists were beaten and tortured by the mob over the next three hours. Lee was left partially blinded after hot wax was poured into his eyes. The men were left for dead. All were severely injured, and one Federalist, General James Lingan, died.

Timothy Pickering, Federalist

Colonel in the Continental Army, served as Adjutant General and Quartermaster General. Postmaster General, Secretary of War, Secretary of State, Federalist Congressman and U.S. Senator from Massachusetts. Pickering and a band of Federalists attempted to gain support for the secession of New England from the Jeffersonian United States.

James Buchanan, Federalist

Buchanan began his political career in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1814–1816, serving as a Federalist. Buchanan went on to be elected as a Federalist Congressman from Pennsylvania 1821-1825. He served as Minister to Russia, Britain, US Senator, Secretary of State and President of the United States.

Roger Taney, Federalist

As a young attorney he organized the Federalist Party of Maryland to better reach out to the mass of voters with committees, mass meetings, barbecues and a Federalist newspaper. Taney's organizing paid off with his election as a Federalist to Maryland's House of Delegates. He went on to serve as Secretary of War, of the Treasury, US Attorney General and Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court.

Fisher Ames, Federalist

A Harvard educated attorney, Ames was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He was then elected to the 1st US Congress defeating Sam Adams for the post. He became an important thinker and leader of the Federalist Party. Ames feared for the future of an America under Jeffersonian politicians pandering to the mob to buy votes in order to gain personal power. He said, "I fear Federalism will not only die, but all remembrance of it will be lost."

Francis Scott Key, Federalist

Key was a Maryland attorney and Federalist Party opponent of the War of 1812. He wrote the U.S. national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner" during the Battle of Baltimore. Key opened a law office with fellow Federalist Roger Taney, a future U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice. He also practiced law with his uncle, Federalist Congressman Philip Barton Key.

James Schureman, Federalist

In the Revolution he raised a volunteer company in New Brunswick, New Jersey and led it as Captain. Fought in the Battle of Brooklyn where he was captured. Held as a prisoner of war until early in the spring of 1777 when he escaped to rejoin the Continental Army. Served in Continental Congress and as a Federalist in both the Congress and in the U.S. Senate from New Jersey.

John Sullivan, Federalist

Major General Continental Army. Commander in Quebec invasion. Battles of Trois-Rivières, Long Island, Trenton, Princeton, Staten Island, Brandywine, Germantown and Rhode Island. Commanded the Sullivan Expedition against the Iroquois. Member of the Continental Congress; Attorney General of New Hampshire; President of New Hampshire. Appointed by President Washington judge of the United States District Court of New Hampshire. Governor of New Hampshire.

Philip Schuyler, Federalist

Major General of the Continental Army. General Schuyler took command of the Northern Department, and planned the Invasion of Canada (1775). He was active in preparing the defense against British invasion in the Saratoga Campaign (1777). Twice elected Federalist U.S. Senator from New York.

Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., Federalist

Served in the Continental Army as a paymaster; comptroller of the treasury 1778-1779; appointed secretary and aide-de-camp to General George Washington in 1781. 2nd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. United States Senator from Connecticut. Federalist Governor of Connecticut (1796 - 1809).

Frederick Frelinghuysen, Federalist

In the War of Independence he served in the New Jersey militia as an artillery captain, seeing action at Trenton and Monmouth. Attained the rank of colonel. Member of the Continental Congress. Served in the New Jersey General Assembly. Member of the New Jersey convention that ratified the United States Constitution in 1787. President George Washington appointed him as brigadier general in the United States Army for the 1790 campaign against the western Indians. Commissioned major general in the New Jersey militia in 1794, during the Whiskey Rebellion. Elected to the United States Senate.

Daniel Webster, Federalist

Federalist Party office holder until 1828. Congressman from New Hampshire (1813 - 1817), Congressman from Massachusetts (1823 - 1827), U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, Secretary of State under three Presidents.

Stephen Van Rensselaer, Federalist

Van Rensselaer served in the New York Assembly and Senate. He served as the Federalist Lt. Governor under John Jay. In 1786, Van Rensselaer was made a major of the militia. As a Major General in the War of 1812 he led an army in an invasion of Canada and fought at the Battle of Queenston Heights. In 1813 Van Rensselaer was the Federalist candidate for Governor of New York earning 48% of the vote. A shift of only 1,800 votes would have made him Governor. In 1822 he was elected to Congress as a Federalist serving until 1829.

WILLIAM PATERSON, Federalist

During the Revolutionary War, Paterson served as an officer with the Somerset County Minutemen. Delegate to the Provincial Congress of New Jersey in 1775 and to the State Constitutional Convention in 1776. After helping draft the New Jersey Constitution, he became Attorney General. Delegate to the US Constitutional Convention of 1787. US Senator in the First Federal Congress. Governor of New Jersey. President George Washington nominated Paterson to the US Supreme Court in 1793.

James Hillhouse, Federalist

Hillhouse served as captain in Governor's Foot Guards in the Revolutionary War. He was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives, Congressman from Connecticut at-large, 1791–96, and a Federalist Party U. S. Senator from Connecticut, 1796–1810. He was the anti-slavery leader of the Congress in the early days of the Republic. After the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, Hillhouse fought to bar the importation of slaves into the Louisiana Territory. "I consider slavery as a serious evil," he proclaimed, "and wish to check it wherever I have authority." Two of Hillhouse's amendments restricting slavery passed the Congress and were signed into law.

John Hoskins Stone, Federalist

Colonel, 1st Maryland Regiment of the Continental Army. Battles of Brooklyn, White Plaines, Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth and Stony Point. Wounded at Germantown and as a result was lame for the rest of his life. Seriously wounded at Stony Point and resigned his commission. Governor of Maryland.

Benjamin Tallmadge, Federalist

William Richardson Davie, Federalist

Rising to the rank of Colonel, Davie raised and commanded cavalry units in the Revolution. Seriously wounded at the Battle of Stono Ferry outside Charleston. Fought at the Battle of Charlotte. Served as Commissary-General. Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. President John Adams appointed him a Brigadier General in the U.S. Army. Federalist Governor of North Carolina.

Oliver Ellsworth, Federalist

In 1777 he was chosen as one of Connecticut's representatives in the Continental Congress. Served at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia as a delegate from Connecticut. On June 20, 1787 he proposed the use of the name the United States to identify the nation under the authority of the Constitution. United States Senator from Connecticut. Ellsworth was the principal exponent in the Senate of Alexander Hamilton's economic program. In 1796 Ellsworth was appointed by President George Washington to be Chief Justice of the United States. Served as United States Envoy Extraordinary to the Court of France. Ellsworth was a candidate in the 1796 United States Presidential election, receiving eleven votes in the electoral college.

Winthrop Sargent, Federalist

Enlisted as Lieutenant, Gridley's Regiment of Massachusetts Artillery on July 7, 1775. Served in the Siege of Boston, as well as the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth. He was wounded twice at the Battle of the Wabash, on November 4, 1791. He also served in the Indian wars of 1794 - 1795 and became Adjutant General. Final rank Lieutenant Colonel. Federalist Governor of the Mississippi Territory.

William Moultrie, Federalist

Colonel of the 2nd South Carolina Regiment. Battle of Sullivan's Island, Siege of Savannah, Siege of Charles Town. Prisoner of war for two years. Promoted to Major General. Governor of South Carolina.

Robert Goodloe Harper, Federalist

At the age of fifteen, Harper joined a volunteer corps of Cavalry and served in the American Revolutionary Army. Harper was elected as a Federalist Congressman from South Carolina (1795 - 1801). In 1798 at a dinner in Philadelphia honoring John Marshall, a group of U.S. Congressmen were discussing a recent demand made by the government of France. French vessels had been plundering US ships in a piratical manner. French foreign minister Talleyrand said the attacks would be stopped if the US paid him $250,000 and gave France 50,000 pounds sterling and a $100 million loan. As toasts were made, Harper sent his own defiant reply to the French with this toast: “Millions for defense but not one cent for tribute.” Harper served in the War of 1812, attaining the rank of major general. He moved to Maryland and was elected as a Federalist to the US Senate. He was an unsuccessful Federalist candidate for Vice President in the 1816 election. He also received one electoral vote for Vice President in the 1820 election.

Caleb Strong, Federalist

Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Elected the first US Senator from Massachusetts. Twice elected Governor of Massachusetts as the nominee of the Federalist Party (1800 - 1807). Strong took a principled stand against the War of 1812 and ran again for Governor opposing "Mr. Madison's War". He served as an anti-war Governor from 1812 - 1816.

Jacob Read, Federalist

Studied law and was admitted to the bar; studied in England 1773-1776; joined other Americans in London in 1774 in a petition against the Boston port bill. Returned to the United States and served South Carolina in various military and civil capacities during the Revolutionary War. Sent with other Americans as a prisoner of the British to St. Augustine 1780-1781. Member of the Continental Congress from South Carolina 1783-1785. Elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate.

General Epaphroditus Champion, Federalist

Champion helped his father gather a herd of cattle and drive them to Valley Forge. He was later named the first Commissary General of the Continental Army. Champion served as captain in the 24th Regiment of the Connecticut State militia rising to brigadier general of the Seventh Brigade from 1800 to 1803. He worked as a merchant, shipowner, exporter and importer. Champion served as a Federalist Congressman from Connecticut 1807 - 1817.

Samuel Huntington, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Huntington was an outspoken critic of the Coercive Acts of the British Parliament. Signer of the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation. Served as President of the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1781. Chief Justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1784 to 1785. Governor of Connecticut from 1786-1796.

Alexander Contee Hanson, Federalist

Member of the Maryland House of Delegates. Editor of the "Federal Republican", a Federalist Party newspaper in Baltimore. Four days after the beginning of the War of 1812 a mob of pro-war Democrat-Republicans destroyed his newspaper office. The paper moved to another building where Hanson was joined by a group of armed allies. When that building was besieged by another mob, Hanson and his group fired, killing two. Hanson and his group surrendered to the militia and were escorted to jail. That evening yet another mob stormed the jail. Hanson was beaten and left for dead. Hanson was elected as a Federalist to Congress in 1812 and 1814. In 1816 he was elected as a Federalist to represent Maryland in the U.S. Senate until his death in 1819 at the age of 33.

William Bingham, Federalist

As a merchant he brought full loads of munitions & guns for the war. Served as a diplomat for Congress to France. Bingham marshaled the Second Troop of Philadelphia Light Horse. He served in the Continental Congress, 1st Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, State Senator, and US Senator. Federalists agreed to hold preliminary votings at the Bingham Estate before propositions were brought before Congress publicly, thus creating unanimity among party lines. Alexander Hamilton sought Bingham as his mentor in managing taxes, tariffs, and in constructing a national bank.

Charles Goldsborough, Federalist

In 1790, Goldsborough was admitted to the bar, and early on held several local political offices. He was also a member of the Maryland State Senate from 1791 to 1795 and later from 1799 to 1801. He was elected as a Federalist to Congress, serving from 1805 to 1817. He also acted as Federalist Party floor leader in the House. He later served as Governor of Maryland in 1818 and 1819.

Ezekiel Whitman, Federalist

Whitman practiced law in New Gloucester, Maine and in Portland, Maine (both communities a district of Massachusetts until 1820). In 1808 Whitman was elected as a Federalist Congressman from Massachusetts and served one term. In 1816 he was again elected as a Federalist to the US House serving from 1817 to 1821. In 1819 he was a delegate to the convention that prepared the constitution which led to Maine's statehood. In 1820 he was elected as a Federalist Congressman from the new state of Maine serving until 1822. Chief Justice of the Maine Supreme Court from 1841 to 1848.

William Hunter, Federalist

Federalist U. S. Senator from Rhode Island from 1811 to 1821. Appointed by Andrew Jackson to be the U.S. representative to the Empire of Brazil. He served in this position for 9 years until 1845.

William North, Federalist

Entered the Continental Army in 1775. Served under Benedict Arnold in the invasion of Canada. Captain in Henry Jackson's 16th Massachusetts Regiment, with which he participated in the Battle of Monmouth. 1779 he became aide-de-camp to Baron Steuben and was present at Yorktown. Adjutant General of the United States Army with the rank of brigadier general. Speaker of the New York State Assembly. Federalist U.S. Senator from New York.

David Cobb, Federalist

Cobb studied medicine in Boston and practiced in Taunton, Massachusetts. He was a member of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress in 1775; lieutenant colonel of Jackson’s regiment in 1777 and 1778, serving in Rhode Island and New Jersey; was aide-de-camp on the staff of General George Washington; appointed major general of militia in 1786. Fought in the New York and New Jersey Campaign, the Battles of Springfield, Monmouth, Rhode Island and Shay's Rebellion. He served the Federalist Party as Lt. Governor of Massachusetts, President of the State Senate and Congressman.

Jared Ingersoll, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Federalist Party nominee for Vice President in 1812. Delegate to the Second Continental Congress from Pennsylvania. Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Attorney General of Pennsylvania. United States District Attorney for Pennsylvania.

John Cotton Smith, Federalist

Smith was a Federalist, serving as Speaker of the Connecticut House of Representatives (1800, 1806–1807, 1807–1809), as Congressman and Federalist Party floor leader in the House from 1800–1806, the seventh Lieutenant Governor (1811–1812), and finally as the last Federalist Governor of Connecticut from 1812 to 1817.

Josiah Parker, Federalist

In 1775 Parker enlisted in the Continental Army. He was commissioned a major in the 5th Virginia Regiment in 1776 and became its colonel in 1778. His regiment served in Virginia under General Charles Lee and was transferred to George Washington. The regiment thereafter saw action at the Battles of Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth and the Siege of Charleston. During Cornwallis's Virginia campaign in 1781, the notorious Colonel Tarleton ransacked his home. He was elected to the First US Congress from Virginia serving for twelve years.

Daniel Cady, Federalist

Cady was a member of the New York State Assembly, District Attorney, Judge and Federalist Party Congressman from New York. As a lawyer he worked cases with Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr and Abraham Lincoln. In 1856, Cady was a presidential elector on the Republican John C. Fremont ticket. He was the father of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, an abolitionist and leading figure of the early women's rights movement.

Louis McLane, Federalist

During the War of 1812 McLane joined the Wilmington Artillery Company serving as a 1st Lieutenant. McLane was elected as a Federalist to the U.S. House of Representatives from Delaware (1817 to 1827). He served for four years as the Federalist Party floor leader in the House. He went on to be US Senator representing the National Republican Party (Adams). McLane also was Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of State and Minister to the United Kingdom.

William Stephens Smith, Federalist

Smith married Abigail "Nabby" Adams, the daughter of President John Adams, and so was a brother-in-law of President John Quincy Adams, and an uncle of Charles Francis Adams. Served in the Revolutionary Army as aide-de-camp to General John Sullivan. Fought in the Battle of Long Island, was wounded at Harlem Heights, Battle of White Plains, was promoted to lieutenant colonel at the Battle of Trenton, fought at the Battle of Monmouth and Newport. He was on the staff of General Lafayette, became an adjutant in the Corps of Light Infantry, then transferred to the staff of George Washington. Elected as a Federalist Congressman from New York.

Timothy Pitkin, Federalist

Pitkin served in the State Legislature of Connecticut in 1790, 1792, and 1794‑1805, and as Speaker 1803‑1805. He was elected as a Federalist to the United States Congress serving from 1805 to 1819. He acted as Federalist Party floor leader in the House for eight years. During his leadership the Federalist Party grew in strength adding 32 new Congressmen in the 1812 elections by opposing "Mr. Madison's War."

Oliver Wolcott, Jr., Federalist

Wolcott was appointed Secretary of the Treasury by George Washington in 1795 to succeed Alexander Hamilton. He continued at Treasury under John Adams until 1800. President John Adams appointed him as a Federal judge on the United States Circuit Court. His judgeship was abolished by Jeffersonian Republicans in an attempt to intimidate the independent Federal Courts. In 1817 he was elected Governor of Connecticut as a member of the new Toleration Republican Party.

John Rutledge, Jr., Federalist

Rutledge served as Congressman from South Carolina. A passionate Federalist, he supported Aaron Burr against Jefferson, founding the Charleston Courier (predecessor of the Post and Courier) to support his causes. Joining the South Carolina Militia in 1799, Rutledge served as commander of the Twenty-eighth Regiment in the War of 1812. He subsequently commanded the Seventh Brigade from 1816 until his death. Rutledge's life was fraught with controversy. Catching his wife (mother to his nine children) in a "clandestine visit" with Dr. Horace Senter, Rutledge challenged him to a duel, fatally wounding the doctor.

John Sergeant, Federalist

Member of the Pennsylvania state house of representatives 1808-1810; elected as a Federalist to Congress and served from 1815, to 1823. Sergeant was a strong backer of Henry Clay's American System and the Second Bank of the United States, and even traveled to Europe to negotiate loans to the Bank. He was a strong opponent of slavery who voted against the Missouri Compromise. In 1826 he was an envoy to the Panama Congress. Elected to Congress as an Adams candidate 1827 to 1829. Failing re-election he became legal counsel to the Bank of the United States. Sergeant was the Vice Presidential running mate in Henry Clay's campaign on the National Republican ticket in 1832. Elected as a Whig to Congress serving from 1837 to 1841.

John Laurance, Federalist

Born in England, he emigrated to the United States in 1767 and settled in New York City. Laurance received an officer's commission in the First New York regiment. He was appointed aide-de-camp to Washington in 1777. He presided over the spy trial of Major André. Served in the Continental Congress, the New York State Assembly, State Senate and the 1st United States Congress. Appointed by George Washington to the Federal bench. Elected as a Federalist US Senator from New York.

William Loughton Smith, Federalist

In 1774 he studied law in London, England. Practiced law in Charleston. Elected from South Carolina as a Pro-Administration candidate to the 1st, 2nd and 3 Congresses. Re-elected as a Federalist to the 4th and 5th Congresses. Appointed by John Adams as United States Minister to Portugal and Spain. Commissioned Minister to the Ottoman Porte on February, 1799.

Thomas Forrest, Federalist

During the American Revolutionary War Forrest was commissioned a captain in Colonel Thomas Proctor's Pennsylvania Artillery Battalion in 1776. He led a 52-man company of artillery at the Battle of Trenton. He ended his service at a Lieutenant Colonel. He was elected as a Federalist Congressman from Pennsylvania from 1819 to 1823.

Philip Barton Key, Federalist

Key had been a Loyalist in the American Revolution. He served in the Maryland Loyalists Battalion as a captain. Key fought with the British Army from 1777 to 1781, until he was captured by the Spanish in Pensacola, Florida with the rest of his battalion. After the war he served as Mayor of Annapolis & member of the Maryland House of Delegates. Appointed a Federal Judge by John Adams. He was a Counsel to Justice Samuel Chase during Chase's Jefferson ordered impeachment show-trial in 1805. Elected as a Federalist to Congress from Maryland (1807 - 1813). Francis Scott Key was his nephew.

Aaron Ogden, Federalist

Lieutenant in the 1st New Jersey Regiment, rising to the rank of brigade major. Wounded at the siege of Yorktown in 1781. Federalist U.S. Senator and Governor of New Jersey.

CHARLES POLK, FEDERALIST

Federalist Governor of Delaware. The Federalist Party selected Polk as their candidate for Governor in 1826. After a hard fought campaign he was narrowly elected. Polk is the last known major officeholder representing the Federalist Party. He left office January 19, 1830.

Alexander Hamilton, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Co-Author of the Federalist Papers. Founder and leader of the Federalist Party. Enlisted in the Revolution as Lieutenant of New York Provincial Company of Artillery rising to the rank of Major General in 1799. Fought in the Battles of Harlem Heights, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Monmouth and Yorktown. Served with General Washington in the Whiskey Rebellion. Appointed by John Adams Commander of a new army in the Quasi-War. Elected in 1782 to the Congress of the Confederation as a New York representative. Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. President George Washington appointed Hamilton as the first United States Secretary of the Treasury.

Charles Pinckney, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. 1804 and 1808 Federalist Party nominee for President. Joined the Continental Army in 1775 as Captain of the elite Grenadiers of the 1st South Carolina Regiment. Served in the Battle of Sullivan's Island rising to the rank of Colonel. Fought at the battles of Brandywine, Germantown, Alligator Bridge, the Siege of Savannah and American expedition attempting to seize British East Florida. In 1780 with the surrender of the American Army at the Siege of Charleston, Pinckney became a POW. Upon his release two years later he was commissioned a brevet Brigadier General. Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Served as George Washington's United States Minister to France (1796 - 1797). Pinckney was the Federalist Party candidate for Vice President in the election of 1800. Pinckney famously said, "If I had a vein that did not beat with the love of my Country, I myself would open it. If I had a drop of blood that could flow dishonorable, I myself would let it out."

Rufus King, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. 1816 Federalist Party nominee for President. In 1778 King volunteered for militia duty in the Revolution. Appointed a major and served in the Battle of Rhode Island. Member of the Continental Congress from Massachusetts 1784-1787. Delegate to the Constitutional Convention where he worked closely with Alexander Hamilton on the Committee of Style and Arrangement to prepare the final draft. United States Senator from New York in 1789; re-elected in 1795 and served from July, 1789, until May 1796, when he resigned to become Minister to Great Britain (1796-1803). Federalist Party candidate for Vice President of the United States in 1804 and in 1808. Again elected as Federalist United States Senator from New York in 1813; re-elected in 1819 and served to 1825. Appointed by John Quincy Adams as United States Minister to Great Britain (1825-1826). Anti-slavery activist.

John Eager Howard, Federalist

1816 Federalist Party candidate for Vice President. Commissioned a Captain at the beginning of the Revolutionary War, Howard rose to the rank of Colonel in the Continental Army. Fought in the Battle of White Plains and in the Battle of Monmouth. He was awarded a silver medal by Congress for his leadership at the Battle of Cowpens, during which he commanded the 3rd Maryland Regiment, Continental Army. Elected to the Continental Congress in 1778. Governor of Maryland. Elected as a Federalist in 1796 to the United States Senate. Received 22 electoral votes for Vice President as the running mate of Federalist Rufus King.

John Jay, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Co-Author of the Federalist Papers. Secretary to the New York Committee of Correspondence, where he represented the conservative faction that was interested in protecting property rights and in preserving the rule of law. Delegate to the First Continental Congress in 1774. United States Minister to Spain (1779 - 1782). Diplomat with Benjamin Franklin in Paris to end the war with Britain. United States Secretary for Foreign Affairs under the Confederation. Appointed 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States by George Washington. Minister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain. Federalist Governor of New York (1795 - 1801). Anti-slavery activist. In 1799 as Governor he signed a bill into law for the emancipation of slaves in New York.

Dr. John Brooks, Federalist

Brooks began his medical practice in Reading, where he became the Captain of the Reading Minutemen. He led them in the Battle of Concord and at Bunker Hill. He accepted a commission as Captain in the Continental Army and took part in battles in White Plains, and Long Island. Wintered with General Washington at Valley Forge. Appointed Major General of the Middlesex Militia in 1786, which he led in suppressing Shays' Rebellion. He was appointed Adjutant General (1812–1816). He won the governorship of Massachusetts with the Federalist Party in 1816.

John Marshall, Federalist

Marshall served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. Lieutenant in the Culpeper Minutemen from 1775 to 1776, and went on to serve as a Lieutenant and then a Captain in the Eleventh Virginia Continental Regiment from 1776 to 1780. Marshall endured the brutal winter conditions at Valley Forge (1777–1778). Special Commissioner to France in 1797 - 1798. Elected as a Federalist Congressman from Virginia. United States Secretary of State for John Adams. Appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1801 - 1835).

Gouverneur Morris, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Delegate to the Continental Congress. He was a signatory to the Articles of Confederation. Pennsylvania delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. Morris was elected to serve on a committee of five which drafted the final language of the proposed constitution. But it was his pen that was responsible for most of the draft, as well as its final polished form. Morris is widely credited as the author of the Constitution's preamble. Morris thought that common people were incapable of self-government because he feared that the poor would sell their votes to the rich. (Time has proven him right.) Gouverneur Morris was one of the few delegates at the Philadelphia Convention who spoke openly against slavery. Served as Minister Plenipotentiary to France from 1792 - 1794. Elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate from New York. - . . . . . . . "The proudest empire in Europe is but a bubble compared to what America will be, must be, in the course of two centuries, perhaps of one." - - - - Gouverneur Morris (Author of the Constitution of the United States)

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