Abstract

Introduction. Purposeful selection work with the breed and its improvement is possible only if the formation of the genealogical structure that is constantly in motion is made. Over time, the formed units of the breed (lines, families) pass the way from the factory to the genealogy, and their place is more progressive, bearing the impetus of high productivity, which is realized under optimal paratypical conditions. The presence of type, regional lines and families provides dynamic development and progress of the breed.

Our researches have suggested materials for the evaluation of economic characteristics, the genealogical structure of the breeding stock of interbreed type and regional types in domestic Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle.

The aim of the research was to carry out a phenotypic description of the gene pool of the breeding stock of the central interbreed type of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle.

Materials and methods of research. The research was carried out on the breeding stock of 43 herds of the central interbreed type of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle of six regions of Ukraine, including: 9 breeding farms of Kyiv, 6 Chernihiv and 15 Cherkasy regional types and 13 herds of Poltava, Sumy, Zhytomyr and Odessa areas. Data on milk yield, live weight of cows of the last complete lactation, number of livestock population and its belonging to bulls were taken from the comprehensive evaluation of pedigree animals in the form of 7-mol as of January 1, 2017.

The results of research. The genealogical structure of the central interbreed type of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle is represented by the livestock population, which originates from the bulls of five breeds of the milk production direction. The broodstock has 22,730 heads, among which 84% are from the bulls of the Holstein breed of red suit. Of the 246 bulls, 76% belong to the improvement breeds (Holstein, Simmental, Jersey and Montbéliard).

The genealogical structure of herds in breeding farms is represented by a wide variety of lines of Holstein breed and by the constriction of the use of domestic bulls. In the 21st breeding farm there are no animals of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle. It should be noted the breeding farm AFC "Minich" in which in selection and breeding work do not use bulls Holstein breed of red suit.

It was established that 77% of the breeding stock of the central interbreed type of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle belongs to the three largest genealogical groups of Holstein breed lines.

The breeding value of the bulls in the quality of the offspring are used in the coupling campaign on the breeding stock of the central type does not have high limits for the differentiation by breed, while the intrabred values of the variation range vary considerably. So, if in the average bulls of the Holstein breed the bogs of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle and Simmental breeds predominate at 225 and 366, then within the limits of the Holstein breed the limit values are at the level of 4253 units, while Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle and Simmental, respectively, 2390 and 1889.

Conclusion. The phenotypic characteristic of the central interbreed type of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle has a high differentiation both in terms of the number of breeds (four) that involve the improvement of breeding grounds and the number of lines in each of them. Bulls used in the breeding head of the central type have both breeding and pedigree-index with wide borders. Among the received fresh cows are high-yielding, the level of which is more than 8 tons of milk, which, on the one hand, demonstrates the implementation of the genetic potential of milk production, and with another stable rate of progress of the breed.

In addition to evaluating bulls by breeding index, an important link is the production of firstborns that are significantly higher than average values per population. So, from bull Chicago NL 372009881 Starbucks line 352790, the firstborns of which combine high yield (8 thousand kg and above) and fat content in milk (4% and above). The highest yield (12255 kg containing the fat 3,76%) were obtained from the firstborn of the Nevistka 4600474126 (father bull Bukmen SA 7355185, Starbuck line 352790), owned by the FLLC AF “Mayak” of Cherkassy region.

Conclusion. The phenotypic characteristic of the central interbreed type of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle has a high differentiation both in terms of the number of breeds (four) that involve the improvement of breeding grounds and the number of lines in each of them. Bulls used in the breeding head of the central type have both breeding and pedigree-index with wide borders. Among the received fresh cows are high-yielding, the level of which is more than 8 tons of milk, which, on the one hand, demonstrates the implementation of the genetic potential of milk production, and with another stable rate of progress of the breed.