Canada and the Turks & Caicos: The Full Story

Few Canadian parliamentarians remain unaware of the much-discussed issue of Canada forming some type of Association with the Turks & Caicos Islands, a British Crown Colony immediately south of the Bahamas, composed of some 40 islands and cays.

At the time this article was written, Mr. Stuart was Vice-President of the Turks & Caicos Development Organization of Canada.

On March 3, 1988, the people of the Islands went to the polls and gave an overwhelming majority to a new Government.
The People's Democratic Movement (PDM) under the Honourable Oswald O. Skippings, former Leader of the Opposition,
won 11 of the 13 voting districts, sweeping all the Islands except South Caicos, a traditional stronghold of the Progressive
National Party (PNP) who formed the previous Government. The new Government, under Mr. Skippings, stated that one of its
first priorities will be a close examination of the relationship between Canada and the Turks & Caicos Islands, and, provided
Britain agrees, within the next few months, major steps towards forming some type of Association between the two countries is
a very real possibility. In the meantime, Canadians continue flowing into the Islands in record numbers, buying property,
building retirement homes, establishing businesses and making investments. The economy of the Turks & Caicos clearly is
benefitting even from the idea of the proposed partnership.

Christopher Columbus first discovered the Turks and Caicos archipelago in 1492. In fact the well-substantiated "Link" theory
pinpoints the capital island of Grand Turk as the explorer's first landfall in the New World, regardless of the claim by National
Geographic that the site was Samana Cay in the Bahamas. Re-discovered by Ponce De Leon on an expedition from Puerto
Rico, the islands remained uninhabited until Britain, France and Spain fought over them in the battle between the great
European powers for the riches of the West Indies. They finally wound up in British hands, and have remained a British
possession ever since.

For hundreds of years, the Turks & Caicos were the principal Salt Islands. The once-dubbed "white gold" was produced by
solar evaporation in vast salinas by generations of back-breaking labour. But this industry collapsed in the mid-sixties, forcing
the Islands to follow the rest of the Caribbean and reorient themselves to a future in tourism, the building of winter homes and
retirement communities for affluent North Americans, the modernization and expansion of the fishing industry (with special
reference to mariculture) and the development of an offshore financial centre based on a tax-free economy.

The idea of union with this second largest cluster of islands in the Western Hemisphere was first suggested by Canadian Prime
Minister Borden in 1917, but not until the 1970s did it receive serious attention when - at the urging of Islanders - Max
Saltsman, an NDP Member of Parliament, initiated a debate in the House of Commons through a Private Member's Bill.
Although the Government of the day rejected the concept, it has remained an issue of perennial popularity.

When Mr. Saltsman died, the torch was passed to Conservative MP Dan McKenzie (Winnipeg-Assiniboine), and in April
1986, the next generation of Islanders joined with him to make it a major issue in Canada once again. Ralph Higgs and Dalton
Jones arrived in Ottawa as a two-man contingent from the Turks & Caicos Development Organization, a group of private
citizens drawn from a wide cross section of the Turks & Caicos community, their primary goal being to "forge a link with
Canada". They had commissioned an independent survey (the first ever taken in the Islands) and discovered that over 90% of
the people indeed favoured some kind of Association with Canada. Higgs and Jones addressed the Progressive Conservative
Caucus Sub-Committee on External Affairs chaired by David Daubney, MP (Ottawa West), and their visit received national
television and print media coverage, underlining the popular appeal the concept seems to generae in Canada.

There was a substantial wait for the results of the "Daubney Report", which concluded that it would be inappropriate for
Canada to unilaterally institute formal talks with the Turks & Caicos when an election was imminent in the Islands, and Canada
could not be seen to be interfering in the internal, free democratic process in another country. But the Committee did suggest
that Canada should enter into talks with the newly elected Turks & Caicos Government (a ministerial system somewhat similar
to Canada's) after the elections provided the new Government asked for such talks and the permission of the British
Government was given. The Committee also made two additional recommendations. The first was that Canada should increase
its foreign aid to the Turks & Caicos, given the extraordinary degree of good will involved, and that the Canadian private sector
should consider investing in the Islands.

These two recommendations were major steps forward and Mr. Higgs' returned to Canada in October 1987 and joined with
Mr. McKenzie and other interested Canadians to form the Turks & Caicos Development Organization of Canada, a non-profit
organization that allows Canadians to become directly involved in the process of bringing the two Commonwealth neighbours
together. With donations from Cabinet Ministers, Members of Parliament and private citizens, the Organization became active
in November 1987, and now has hundreds of members from across Canada, including all ten provinces, both territories, and
even the United Kingdom and the United States.

The concept of union with Canada is one that fires the popular imagination in Canada and offers none to Islanders seeking a
better future. There are several forms the relationship might take. It might be economic, political or both. It might be a tri-partite
arrangement with the United Kingdom. It might mean entry into the Canadian Confederation as the 11th province or the third
territory. It might be based on relationships such as those between New Zealand and th Cook Islands, Australia and the Cocos
Islands, or the United States and some of its Trust Territories in the Pacific. It might, instead, mimic the relationship France has
with Monaco or Martinique, or that between the Netherland Antilles and the Netherlands. Perhaps Commonwealth status might
be chosen, such as the plan selected by the people of Puerto Rico in their deal with the United States. Whatever form the
relationship takes, Mr. Higgs and his sister organizations feel that it should not be pre determined. "We have never tried to
second-guess the politicians as to what form of Association should be negotiated, even if we might prefer that of Associated
States" he says.

Our role is to bring the two Governments to the table, make sure all the options are on that table, and leave them to negotiate
the deal they believe is in the best interests of the Islanders and Canadians alike.

There are clear advantages for both countries in the proposed Association. As long as Canada is a northern nation faced with
an oppressive winter there will always be the need for a psychological and physiological "break" in the winter months for an
escape "into the Sun". In almost all cases, Canadians must convert their currency at a substantial loss when taking that winter
vacation. Considering that some 474,000 Canadians annually go to the Caribbean and spend about 30 million dollars in the
process, the loss to Canadians and the Canadian economy is enormous. Association with these Islands would give Canadian
vacationers a "home away from home" in the near-Caribbean (closer to Ottawa than Calgary) where their currency would be
accepted at par. Canadians would also acquire a retirement haven in the sun for those who would rather live in the Islands than
on the U.S. mainland. Association with the Turks & Caicos would provide a sense of security and stability for Canadian
investors. They would quickly develop new hotels, inns, villas, condominiumsand retirement communities in the Islands.
Canadian money would go into Canadian banks and back into the Canadian economy. Yet another advantage would be the
dramatic increase in Canadian export sales. The Islands currently import about 27 million dollars a year, and over 20 million of
that goes to the United States market. Canadian suppliers sell the Turks & Caicos a paltry $30,000 a year. With Association,
almost all food stuffs, consumer goods and building materials would come from Canada, and, as the economy grows, this figure
would escalate.

The Islands have a strategic position in a marketplace of many millions of people. The Turks & Caicos would become not only
a sales centre for Canadian business people supplying products to the Caribbean, but an excellent trans shipment point for
Canadian goods sent into the area.

The Turks & Caicos are at that stage of development where they offer Canadian entrepreneurs innumerable opportunities in a
wide range of businesses yet to be introduced to the economy. While tourism, construction and fishing are currently the big
industries, a whole array of support businesses and services are needed to supply the existing population (currently 14,000) and
a steadily expanding number of tourists (currently 40,000). It is significant that the largest hotel development on the Islands
other than the recently built "Club Med" is a Canadian Sheraton project financed by Canadians.

You cannot go to the Turks & Caicos without bumping into a Canadian, and it is reasonable to assume - given the special
interest in these Islands by Canadians - that they will soon be the largest expatriate group in the Turks & Caicos. "Every Turks
& Caicos Islander knows a Canadian" is a common saying in the Islands. Perhaps the problem is that every Canadian does not
know a Turks & Caicos Islander.

The Islands would benefit from Association as well. They would reach self-sufficiency almost immediately and have no further
need of a British Grant-in-Aid. The increased development wold allow them to quickly rise to the level of their more developed
Caribbean neighbours. Association would offer expanded educational opportunities and a higher standard of living for the
people. With the direct import of Canadian goods, the cost of living would go down (they now have to buy in Miami at U.S.
dollar rates) and exports would increase as Canada becomes their largest and best market for seafood and future agricultural
products coming from a place which has perpetual sunshine. Canadian investment and expertise can take advantage of the fact
that these Islands are the best location for mariculture in the entire Caribbean, (according to the Mariculture Institute of the
Smithsonian Institution) and Canadians become actively involved in "farming" the sea. The current economy lacks light
manufacturing, assembly and processing industries. With Canadian initiative and capital flowing into the Islands, these are
beginning to follow, creating a large number of potential jobs for Islanders.

Private business would thrive as Islanders have access to Canadians looking for local business partners, and are able to start
their own businesses. Canadians retiring to the Islands would bring professional and technical skills that can be passed along to
the next generation of Islanders.

Of course any grand project such as Association is not without its problems and drawbacks. But these should be seen as
merely challenges to be overcome. If the political will exists on both sides, and the United Kingdom agrees, there is no reason
why the two parties cannot have a unique, historical Association enacted into law by 1990. If they do, it will open up a whole
new window on the future for both nations.