The ancients said this stone radiated a native light without reflection.
They ranked it fifth behind diamonds, emeralds, opals, and pearls. It is
described among the gems ruled by the sun, and possesses both male and female
properties--the former distinguished by the brightness that appears to be
burning from within, while the latter expels the brightness. It barrows
no color from any other gem, but instead imparts its own. The virtues of
the carbuncle are dispelling poisonous air, releasing luxury, preserving
health of the body, and reconciling differences among friends. A.G.H.