6 People Gregory the Great Charlemagne (540 – 604) PopeOrganized the Roman Catholic Church including choosing a body of canonized chantsCharlemagne(742 – 814)Holy Roman EmperorUnified Western and Central Europe

7 William the Conqueror Joan of Arc (1028 – 1087) King of NormandyKing of EnglandJoan of Arc(1412 – 1431)Led the French army during the Hundred Years WarMartyred

15 Vocal Music Sacred chant Purpose: to serve in liturgy during the MassTexture: MonophonicRhythm: UnmeteredHarmony: ModalMelody: Small range and mostly stepwise movementsForm: Could have utitlized a three-part form ( Holy Trinity)Dynamics: Blocked or TerracedTimbre: Vocal (male)Sung in LatinPurpose: to serve in liturgy during the Mass

16 Mass Ordinary Texts: sung or spoken at every Mass Proper TextsKyrie Lord Have Mercy, Christ have Mercy, Lord Have MercyGloria Glory to God in the highestCredo I believe in GodSanctus Holy, Holy, HolyAgnus Dei Lamb of GodProper TextsDiffered according to the Christian Year

28 Roman Catholic Counter-ReformationA period of Catholic revival following the Protestant Reformation (1545 – 1648)Begins with the Council of Trent (1545 – 1563)Reforms include: church structure, religious orders and political dimensions

66 George Frideric HandelOratorioA sacred, large-scale operaAlways based on a biblical storyNo staging or costumesLarger role for the chorusUses opera forms (recitative, aria, chorus)Messiah, 1741Recitative: The Voice of HimAria: Every Valley Shall Be ExaltedGeorge Frideric Handel( )

67 Instrumental Genres Dance Suite Suite No. 3 in D Major, 1729-1731Originally a series of dances played for dancingBy the Baroque, suites became independent instrumental pieces no longer intended for dancingUsually contained four dancesOften unified by keyDiffered by tempo and international backgroundUsed binary formSuite No. 3 in D Major,AirBouréeGigueJ.S. Bach

69 Concerto Grosso “friendly contention”Contrasts a larger ensemble (ripieno or tutti) with a solo group (concertino)Three movements: fast, slow, fastOften uses ritornello formSpring Concerto The Four Seasons, 1725First Movement: AllegroSpring has come, and joyfully,The birds greet it with happy song.And the streams, fanned by gentle breezes,Flow along with a sweet murmur.Covering the sky with a black cloak,Thunder and lightning come to announce the season.When these have quieted down, the little birdsReturn to their enchanting song.Antonio Vivaldi( )