Select a Picture Mode
HCW chapter 2; DVE title 7, chapter 4
This may also be called “color mode,” and it should include choices
like day, night, dynamic, theater, or standard. Each of these modes has
preset video adjustments that tailor the image to accommodate a
specific viewing environment: brighter during the day, darker at night.
Unless your TV is placed in a light-controlled theater room, you likely
have to deal with both bright and dark environments, depending on when
you watch TV. HCW suggests that you choose one picture mode for daytime
viewing and one for nighttime viewing, which means you’ll want to run
through the set-up disc twice. (Some TVs can only save one set of
adjustments per input, so you’ll have to settle on one picture mode for
a bright and dark room.)

If you use the DVE disc, you may notice that the narrator tells you not
to use settings like day, fleshtones, or sports. These modes tend to
exaggerate the picture to make it more visible in a bright room. DVE
wants you to start with a more accurate picture mode and go from there.

Once you’ve selected a preset picture mode, you can fine-tune the
individual video adjustments like brightness, contrast, etc. Some TV
manufacturers allow you to make these adjustments within the picture
mode you’ve selected. Others will automatically default to a preference
or memory mode once you try to change the other settings. If that
happens, just make sure that your TV is set to the preference mode from
this point on (it shouldn’t change unless you unplug the TV or lose
power). Some TVs store your adjustments automatically; others require
that you save them to a memory setting. If you make different
adjustments for daytime and nighttime viewing, you should save each one
in the memory so you can easily switch between them. Check your owner’s
manual for instructions.

Select a Color Temperature
DVE title 7, chapters 10 and 11
Color temperature describes the color of gray. In a video signal, the
black and white portion contains most of the picture information, with
color added afterwards. That’s why it’s important to set the color of
gray correctly; an inaccurate gray will affect the entire picture. HCW
doesn’t address this setting, but DVE provides a great explanation of
color temperature and how TV manufacturers derive the names for the
various choices in this menu, such warm, standard and cool. Some
manufacturers use numerical settings, like 7500, 6500 and 5500.

If you look at the choices, you’ll notice that the TV takes on a
different color palette in each mode. This is particularly evident if
you have a white image on the screen. The cool setting (or higher
numerical values) will look blue, while the warm setting (or lower
numerical values) will look yellow. The human eye gravitates toward the
bluer image because it seems brighter, so manufacturers usually select
the cool setting as the default. In truth, though, the warm or 6500
setting is usually the most neutral and is the one I recommend.

Adjust Brightness
HCW chapter 3; DVE title 7, chapter 2
This may also be called black level, and it adjusts the level of the
dark portions of an image. You don’t want to set the brightness control
so high that blacks look gray and washed out, but you also don’t want
to set it so low that you lose picture information in a dark image. Our
test DVDs make it much easier to set brightness, because the test
patterns include an image that is actually below the reference standard
for video black. Reviewers often refer to this as the PLUGE pattern or
below-black signal. When setting your brightness control, you should
lower the setting to the point at which that below-black image
disappears. If you go lower, blacks may look deeper, but you lose
picture information in the process.

Adjust Contrast
HCW chapter 4: DVE title 7, chapters 3 and 8
This may also be called white level or picture. While the brightness
control adjusts the dark portion of the image, the contrast control
sets the distance between the darkest black and the brightest white in
the image. Obviously, brightness and contrast are intimately related,
so you may have to readjust the brightness setting if you make changes
to the contrast control. Most manufacturers set the contrast very high
out of the box, so you’ll likely need to turn it down. This is
especially important with a plasma TV; leaving the contrast at a very
high setting can contribute to image burn-in over the long term. It’s
worth noting that DVE’s explanation for setting contrast in a flat
panel or other fixed-pixel display is difficult to understand. The HCW
test is much more user-friendly.

Adjust Color
HCW chapter 5; DVE title 7, chapter 4
This may also be called saturation or chroma, and it adjusts the
intensity of color. You want colors to be vibrant but not exaggerated.
One sure-fire way to spot exaggerated colors is to look at skin tones;
if they are overly red, try turning down the color setting. HCW uses
skin tones in its test pattern to help you with color, while DVE
provides color filters and shows you how to adjust color with a special
test pattern. Both can be tricky and you should trust your eyes here.
You will know if the color is too high or too low for your taste.

Adjust Tint
DVE title 7, chapter 5
This may also be called hue, and it adjusts the type of color. Like
brightness and contrast, color and tint are related, and you may have
to readjust color if you make changes here. Some TVs don’t let you
adjust tint through certain inputs, so you have to hope the
manufacturer set it correctly. HCW suggests that you leave tint at the
factory setting, because using a color filter like the one DVE provides
is really the best way to precisely adjust tint. In most cases, the
factory setting is close enough.

Adjust Sharpness
HCW chapter 6; DVE title 7, chapter 6
This may also be called detail or edge enhancement; it increases the
visibility of fine detail in the picture. This sounds like a good
thing, but it really isn’t. Increasing the sharpness control may give
the illusion of improved detail, but it adds unwanted information to
the picture. Both test DVDs provide good patterns to adjust sharpness.
When in doubt, just turn it all the way down.

Select a Picture Size
HCW chapter 7; DVE title 7, chapter 12, and title 12, chapters 18 and 19
During the transition from SDTV to HDTV, displaying video signals in
the proper shape and size is more challenging. Most SDTV material is
still shot in a square, 4:3 aspect ratio, while HDTV has a rectangular
(widescreen) 16:9 aspect ratio. The movie on a DVD may be in a
widescreen format, while the bonus content may still be in a 4:3 shape.

Many new TVs have a feature called automatic aspect ratio detection. As
the name suggests, in this mode, the TV automatically determines what
shape the picture should be. Your TV remote probably has a button
labeled “picture size” or “aspect ratio.” Scroll through the options
and select auto if available. If not, you’ll have to change the aspect
ratio manually, depending on the material you’re watching, and every
manufacturer seems to use different names to describe each picture
size, for example, 4:3, standard and natural for a square picture and
16:9, widescreen, or full for HDTV.

With a 4:3 TV, widescreen material will have bars at the top and
bottom. With a 16:9 TV, standard-definition material will have bars to
the sides. These bars allow you to see the image as it was filmed, with
all of the information that the director intended. Most TVs offer
picture sizes that zoom in on or stretch the image to get rid of the
bars. As a home theater buff, I just can’t bring myself to condone the
use of these settings, since they distort the picture’s geometry or cut
off part of the image to fill the screen. But hey, that’s just me. If
you really hate the bars, it’s your call.

One last note: when watching a DVD, if the picture shape looks wrong
and you can’t fix it using the TV’s aspect-ratio buttons, your DVD
player may be set up incorrectly. The DVD player’s set-up menu should
include a setting for TV shape, which you want to use to select the
shape that matches your TV, either 4:3 or 16:9. Both HCW and DVE
include patterns that help you correctly set the size and shape of your
picture.