Students with physical or mental disabilities can face academic hurdles for a variety of reasons, so it's important for teachers to be familiar with federal laws and educational plans that help ensure their special needs are met.

Section 504 of the U.S. Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is designed to help parents of students with physical or mental impairments in public schools, or publicly funded private schools, work with educators to design customized educational plans. These 504 plans legally ensure that students will be treated fairly at school. 504 plans level the playing field, enabling students with special needs to get the accommodations needed to access curricula at the same level as their classmates.

To help students with disabilities succeed in school, teachers may need to modify the classroom environment, adjust their teaching strategies, or make other adjustments. Other tasks include assessing students' progress and communicating effectively with parents. 504 plans legally require teachers to make the accommodations as specified in the plans, as well as monitor and participate in plan reviews.

504 Plan Basics

Students can qualify for 504 plans if they have physical or mental impairments that affect or limit any of their abilities to:

walk, breathe, eat, or sleep

communicate, see, hear, or speak

read, concentrate, think, or learn

stand, bend, lift, or work

Examples of accommodations in 504 plans include:

preferential seating

extended time on tests and assignments

reduced homework or classwork

verbal, visual, or technology aids

modified textbooks or audio-video materials

behavior management support

adjusted class schedules or grading

verbal testing

excused lateness, absence, or missed classwork

pre-approved nurse's office visits and accompaniment to visits

occupational or physical therapy

The goal of 504 plans is for students to be educated in regular classrooms along with the services, accommodations, or educational aids they might need. If students with these plans can't achieve satisfactory academic success, as is determined by the school, then alternative settings in the school or private or residential programs can be considered.

504 Plans vs. IEPs

A 504 plan is different from an individualized education program (IEP). The main difference is that a 504 plan modifies a student's regular education program in a regular classroom setting. A 504 plan is monitored by classroom teachers. A student with an IEP, as part of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA 2004), may receive different educational services in a special or regular educational setting, depending on the student's need. IEP programs are delivered and monitored by additional school support staff.

Also, parental approval and involvement is required for an IEP, but not for a 504 plan. Full parental participation in the 504 plan process, however, is important for the student's academic success.

It's important to note that students with IEPs are also entitled to the additional protections and services offered by 504 plans. Students with IEPs might benefit from a 504 plan, for example, if they're moving from a special education setting to a regular classroom. It's up to the classroom teacher to become familiar with the 504 plan before such students enter the classroom.

Evaluation and Referral

A 504 plan should be considered when a student isn't benefiting from instruction due to a physical or mental impairment. The issue can be raised by a parent or legal guardian, teacher, physician, or therapist.

A 504 plan can help when a student returns to school after a serious injury or illness, or when a student isn't eligible for special education services or an IEP, but still needs extra services to succeed academically. Once an educational concern is raised, the school principal or other academic advisor sets up a meeting of a 504 planning team. The team usually consists of the principal, classroom teachers, other school personnel (such as the school nurse, guidance counselor, psychologist, or social worker), and the parents.

After reviewing academic and medical records and interviewing the student and parents, the 504 team determines if the child is eligible to have a 504 plan put in place. Sometimes school officials and parents disagree about eligibility. Disagreements also can arise about details within the 504 plan itself. In these cases, parents can make written appeals to the school district or the U.S. Office for Civil Rights.

Reviewing the 504 Plan

Once the plan is developed by the team, all the student's teachers are responsible for implementing the accommodations in the plan, as well as participating in plan reviews.

The 504 plan should be reviewed at least annually to determine if the accommodations are up to date and appropriate, based on the student's needs. Any 504 plan team member, including the student's teacher, may call for a 504 plan review at any time if there is an educational concern or change in the student's needs.

The plan can be terminated if the 504 team determines that the student:

is no longer disabled

no longer requires any special accommodations or services to meet the identified needs

Legal:

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