..We conclude that for spatially localized analyses, such as searchlight and region of interest, multiple classification approaches should be compared in order to match fMRI analyses to the properties of local circuits...

Nucleus accumbens mediates relative motivation for rewards in the absence of choice

..These results demonstrate that neural idiosyncrasies in reward efficacy exist even in the absence of explicit choices, and extend the role of NAcc as a critical brain region for such choice-free motivation...

..g., fewer articles plot the timing of activation). And, as event-related methods have become ubiquitous, they no longer represent a distinct category of fMRI research. In a real sense, event-related fMRI has now become, simply, fMRI...

Identity economics and the brain: uncovering the mechanisms of social conflict

..Reward delivery, in comparison with omission, evoked increased activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens. We conclude that distinct brain systems are recruited for the resolution of different forms of risk...

The BOLD fMRI refractory effect is specific to stimulus attributes: evidence from a visual motion paradigm

..We conclude that the fMRI refractory effect predominantly reflects local stimulus-specific neuronal or neurovascular adaptation and is unlikely to be a nonspecific response of large vessels that support broad functional regions...

Linking hemodynamic and electrophysiological measures of brain activity: evidence from functional MRI and intracranial field potentials

..We conclude that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is associated with dynamic changes in the mapping of stimuli to responses (e.g. response strategies), independently of any changes in behavior...

Dissociating the neural mechanisms of visual attention in change detection using functional MRI

..These results indicate that there are differences in the patterns of brain activation evoked by risky and intertemporal choices, suggesting that the two domains utilize at least partially distinct sets of cognitive processes...

The effects of single-trial averaging upon the spatial extent of fMRI activation

..These data indicate that LPFC responses reflect the number of executed criterial classifications or judgments, independent of the number of competing stimuli and the overt response demands of the decision task...

..Thus, longitudinal research requires a careful analysis of sample size and choice of segmentation method combined with a consideration of the brain structure(s) of interest and the magnitude of the anticipated effects...

..The authors conclude that under conditions that equate the physical structure of individual displays, top-down attentional guidance can be at least as effective for older adults as for younger adults...

Processing speed and memory mediate age-related differences in decision making

..We discuss these results as a possible link between recent human research reporting hippocampal activation in spatial tasks and animal work showing sex differences in both spatial ability and hippocampal development...

..It is due to how subjects process successive stimulus differences. We call for more frequent reports of sequential analyses, because these can reveal information that is not available from data averages...

..There are only a few studies, however, investigating potential mechanisms for the improvements in aerobic fitness. Our study suggests that greater aerobic fitness may be related to greater WM integrity in select brain regions...

..Better understanding of this brain-behavior relation could lead to interventions or clinical advances that remediate problems with decision making in the elderly, resulting in benefits to public health. ..