April 05, 2010

Alaska-Yukon Expedition: The Modernization of Life in Rural Alaska - Is it Sustainable?

Follow adventurer Andrew Skurka as he skis, hikes, and rafts 4,720 miles through eight national parks, two major mountain ranges, and some of North America's wildest rivers in Alaska and the Yukon from March to October. Read his blog updates here.

April 1, Day 19, Mile 500.8 Posted from Ruby, Alaska

To travel between Kotzebue and the Alaska Range, I'm using snowmachine trails, which are hands-down the most practical way to get around terrain that is either swampy and buggy or covered in snow and ice. The snowmachine trails "connect the dots" of bush villages in rural Alaska. These villages are not connected to a road system and have populations of 100 to 1,000 (mostly of indigenous origin). Basic services include a school, health clinic, post office, small store, and airstrip. While the passing through villages such as Buckland, Kaltag, and Ruby a few times a week has hindered the "wilderness" aspect of this trip so far, it's provided a different kind of redeeming experience and learning.

These villages are in a period of tremendous transition. The eldest of elders grew up very differently than today's village youth. They used dog teams instead of snowmachines, poled up the Yukon instead of using motorized boats, rotated among seasonal camps—each optimized for the hunting and gathering of the particular season—instead of residing year-round in one place. They heated their homes with wood instead of oil and hauled their water from the local river instead of having a village-wide water/sewer system. Village life today may be simple, but it's shockingly modern. Homes have flat-screen TVs and X-Boxs. Cheerios and Fruit Loops can be found at the village store ($7 a box) and powerful snowmachines and 4-wheelers are parked at every house (fueled by $5 a gallon gas). Teenagers wear Under Armour clothing. Children get picked up at state-of-the-art schools by parents on snowmachines. (I guess that even Alaska has seen the disappearance of schools that are ten snow-covered miles away, uphill, both ways.)

What is worrisome about today's village life is that it does not seem sustainable. I have to wonder about what will become of these villages in 25 to 100 years. The economic base in these villages is virtually non-existent. Outside of small-scale seasonal commercial fishing, I don't see much happening. There is money to be made if one is willing to leave the village. Options included wokring in oil and gas on the North Slope, mining at Red Dog Mine, fire-fighting in the summer. But just bringing money *back* to the villages is not a long-term solution. Creating it *in* the villages is. And, yes, overall the cost of living here is pretty low. Real estate is cheap (if you are actually allowed to buy it) and the hunting/fishing potential is tremendous. What's more, you don't need to earn much if you don't spend much.

Yet money is spent in these villages in a way that suggests a very different economic story—there seems to be a significant gap between the economic value actually produced by these economies and the value that would be expected of an ecomony that affords the goods and services found here. Currently this gap is closed by myriad government programs—the Alaskan Permanent Fund Dividend, the native coporation dividend, Housing and Urban Development, health subsidies, heating assistance, welfare, etc.

Given Alaska's dependence on finite oil and the federal goverment's escalating financial problems—which probably will result in some combination of tax increases and spending cuts—there is reason to think these villages may be in their prime: living a modern existence without their own economic base to support it. If this system were to ever fail, village youth may find themselves relearning their lost skills, working dog teams and harvesting berries—or heading to Anchorage or Fairbanks and leaving the villages to fade in the wind.

Economy that affords the goods and services found here. Currently this gap is closed by myriad government programs—the Alaskan Permanent Fund Dividend, the native corporation dividend, Housing and Urban Development, health subsidies, heating assistance.

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everyone should spend time in remote Alaskan villages, yes many have TV and internet but most have only 1 or 2 faucets in town and "honey buckets " for toilets, dumped into shallow lagoons. You have been to many of the nicer ones, go thru some of the poorer ones and you will see third world living conditions in the USA.

Life in rural Alaska ever has been unfaithful. I think it is easy when we sit 100 or 1,000 of miles away, to feel detached from the problems of a small Alaskan village. The most important thing that we think about how solve this problems.

That depopulation you speak of (youth heading to Anchorage and Fairbanks) is already a huge issue in many rural communities.

It's a difficult problem to solve, and it can only really be solved by the people living in these places. However, rural Alaska is blessed with any number of good starts to the future - sustainable sources of food, healthy fish runs, and a glut of renewable energy potential that may eventually offset the difficulty of long-distance transport. And modern communications reach everywhere, making work over the internet a possibility for educated rural residents.