On June 7th, 2015,
Mexico is scheduled to hold its mid-term congressional elections.Analysis of the Mexican
Congress is important to any serious study of Mexican politics.

The Mexican political system runs on
a six-year schedule, in contrast to the U.S.A., which runs on a four-year cycle.

In the U.S. there
are presidential elections every four years, the latest having been in 2012 and the next scheduled for 2016.At
the halfway point between each presidential election, congressional mid-term elections are held, the last ones having been
in 2014.

In Mexico, the president is elected every six years, the last election having been held in
2012 and the next one scheduled for 2018. Mexican mid-term congressional elections are thus held at the
halfway-point between presidential elections, three years after the previous one and three years before the next.

Thus 2015 is the year to hold mid-term elections for the lower house of Congress, which are scheduled for June 7th.In Mexico, elections are held on Sundays, whereas in the U.S. they are on Tuesdays.

This
mid-term vote can be considered a referendum on the administration of President Enrique Peña Nieto.Working
with the current Congress, his administration has accomplished several reforms, including the energy reform, but it is under fire for its handling of the Iguala Atrocity and other issues.

There are ten Mexican political parties involved in the forthcoming mid-term
elections. They are:

1.Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI, Peña
Nieto’s party)

2.Partido Acción Nacional (PAN, the party of previous
presidents Calderon and Fox)

Like the United States, Mexico has a two-chamber (bicameral) Congress. The
upper chamber is the Senado, equivalent to the U.S. Senate. The lower chamber is the Cámara de Diputados,
equivalent to the U.S. House of Representatives.

While the U.S. Congress has 100 senators
and 435 representatives, the Mexican Congress is actually larger (in both chambers).There are 128 senadores
in the Senado, and 500 diputados in the Cámara de Diputados.

In
the Cámara de Diputados, 300 of the 500 diputados are directly elected by districts.The other 200, however, are selected by proportional representation, with seats allocated based on the percentage of
votes received by the political party in the circunscripción electoral in which the state is located. (Mexico
is divided into five divisions called circunscripciones electorales.)

In the Mexican Senado
the selection process is even more complicated.Each of Mexico’s 31 states, plus the Federal District,
sends three senators to the Congress.

Candidates from each political party run in pairs.The pair winning the most votes is elected to the Senado to represent their particular state. The
state's other senador is from the political party that came in second in that state's senatorial election.

That accounts for 96 senators. The other 32 are selected by proportional representation, bringing it to a total of
128.

However, in 2015 no senadores will be elected.Unlike
the U.S., where senator’s terms are staggered, with a third up for reelection each two years, in Mexico the entire Senate
is elected the same year, and that was in 2012.

In the Mexican Congress, senators and representatives are
barred from immediate reelection, though they can return for a later term and stand for reelection.Since
the diputados have three-year terms, and the senadores have six-year terms, that means the entire Cámara
de Diputados is replaced every three years, and the entire Senado every six years. Thus the
entire Congress is replaced every six years.

That however is in the process of being changed.Constitutional reforms passed in late 2013 and early 2014 make it possible for future diputados and senadores
to be reelected, to serve a maximum of 12 consecutive years (two terms for senadores and four terms for diputados).

That change doesn’t come into effect for this election, however.So, in 2015 nobody can
yet be reelected. However they can be in 2018. So that means some of the diputados and senadores
elected in 2015 may be the first to be reelected in 2018.

The new diputados, to be elected in June, are
scheduled to take office on September 1st.