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Through the U.S. Department of Education, created in 1979, the federal government has incrementally increased its role in education over the last 30 years, totaling $76 billion in 2012. In his 2013 State of the Union address, Obama proposed to make public school pre-K universal for all children, at an estimated cost of $9.84 billion per year. However, Head Start enrollment has fallen in nearly every state that implemented universal kindergarten funding initiatives after 1960. No Child Left Behind mandated that 100 percent of all students must reach proficiency by 2014, but this goal was not met.