The synthesis of formyl-methanofuran and the reduction of
the heterodisulfide (CoM-S-S-CoB) of coenzyme M
(HS-CoM) and coenzyme B (HS-CoB) are two crucial,
H2
-dependent reactions in the energy metabolism of meth-anogenic archaea. The bioenergetics of the reactionsin vivo
were studied in chemostat cultures and in cell suspensions of
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicusmetabolizing at
defined dissolved hydrogen partial pressures (pH2
).

Cytochromes of thec-type contain hemes covalently attached via one or,
more generally, two thioether bonds between the vinyls of hemeband the
thiols of cysteine residues of apocytochromes. This post-translational modi-fication relies on membrane-associated specific biogenesis proteins, referred
to as cytochrome c maturation systems.

The author describes methods of reproductive function regulation: from choosing an appropriate diet — to methods of psychic selfregulation, including work with chakras and meridians. A significant part of the book is dedicated to bioenergetic aspect of sexual interaction, sexual psychology and ethics,

uclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can now be used to investigate the biochemical energetics of human tissues and organs noninvasively. The method already has increased our understanding of some muscle diseases, has provided information from muscle metabolism about whole-body functions, control, and hormonal status, has helped in the elucidation of hitherto unrecognized causes of disease, and yielded new ideas about the control of bioenergetics in vivo. Studies on the biochemistry of human brain, liver, heart, and kidney are just beginning.

Nevertheless, vitalism continued to find its way into the description of life
processes. For instance, Pasteur writing about his discovery of the importance of
oxygen availability for sugar fermentation by yeast, to be later known as the Pasteur
effect, argued for the exclusive dependency of intact cell structure, a variant of cell
theory postulated by Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and their predecessors,
and “ferments”, a set of biocatalysts represented as vital forces.

T he science of human nutrition and its applications to health promotion continue to gain momentum. In
the relatively short time since the release of the first edition of this Encyclopedia, a few landmark
discoveries have had a dramatic multiplying effect over nutrition science: the mapping of the human genome,
the links between molecular bioenergetics and lifespan, the influence of nutrients on viral mutation, to name
a few.

Histones are proteins that protect DNA from restriction enzymes and also act as bolsters
in chromosome condensation, (Ito, 2007). A “Histone Core”, made of nine types of histone
proteins, is attached to DNA molecules whose length varies from 146bp to 148bp. In the
histone core, a combination of modifications, within specific amino acids in each histone
subtype leads to gene expression or inactivation, (Kouzarides, 2007).

T he science of human nutrition and its applications to health promotion continue to gain momentum. In
the relatively short time since the release of the first edition of this Encyclopedia, a few landmark
discoveries have had a dramatic multiplying effect over nutrition science: the mapping of the human genome,
the links between molecular bioenergetics and lifespan, the influence of nutrients on viral mutation, to name
a few.

The specificity of the Spodoptera frugiperda digestive
b-glycosidase (Sfbgly50) for fucosides, glucosides and
galactosides is determined by noncovalent interactions of
glycone6-OHandglycone 4-OHwith the active-site residues
Q39andE451.Site-directedmutagenesisandenzymesteady-state kinetics were described, showing that replacement of
E451 with glutamine increased the preference of Sfbgly50
for glucosides in comparison to galactosides, whereas
replacing E451 with serine had the opposite effect.

Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biology, University of Bari, Italy; 2Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Histology and Comparative Anatomy, University of Bari, Italy; 3Center for the Study of Mitochondria and Energy Metabolism (CNR) Bari, Italy
Mitochondrial bioenergetic impairment has been found in the organelles isolated from rat liver during the prereplicative phase of liver regeneration.

Describing the molecular details of the multidrug efflux process of ABCB1,
in particular the interdomain communication associated with bioenergetic
coupling, continues to prove difficult. A number of investigations to date
have implicated transmembrane helix 12 (TM12) in mediating communica-tion between the transmembrane domains and nucleotide-binding domains
(NBDs) of ABCB1.

Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a complex, progressive disease that involves
neurological and developmental impairment and premature aging. The
majority of CS patients have mutations in theCSBgene. The CSB protein
is involved in multiple DNA repair pathways and CSBmutated cells are
sensitive to a broad spectrum of genotoxic agents.

Twin-arginine translocase (Tat) is involved in the translocation of fully
folded proteins in a process that is driven by the proton motive force. In
most prokaryotes, the Tat system transports only a small proportion of
secretory proteins, and Tat substrates are often cofactor-containing
proteins that require folding before translocation.

(BQ) Part 1 book "Harper’s illustrated biochemistry" presents the following contents: Structures and functions of proteins and enzyme; bioenergetics and the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids; metabolism of proteins and amino acids.

(BQ) Part 1 book "Textbook of biochemistry with clinical correlations" presents the following contents: Eukaryotic cell structure, composition and structure, structure—function relationships in protein families, classification, kinetics and control, structure and membrane transport, bioenergetics and oxidative metabolism, major metabolic pathways and their control.