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K to 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – CORE SUBJECT
Grade: 11/12
Core Subject Title: Earth and Life Science
Academic Year: 1
No. of Hours: 80 hours (20 Weeks)
Pre-requisite (if needed):
Core Subject Description: This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents the history of
the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns, and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also
included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and
ecosystem levels.
GRADE 11
FIRST QUARTER
DADSDADCONTENT
I. ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE
OF THE EARTH
A. Universe and Solar System
B. Earth and Earth Systems
CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate an
understanding of:
1. the formation of the
universe and the solar
system
2. the subsystems (geosphere,
hydrosphere, atmosphere,
and biosphere) that make
up the Earth
3. the Earth’s internal
structure
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learners shall be able to:
1. Conduct a survey to assess
the possible geologic
hazards that your
community may
experience. (Note: Select
this performance standard
if your school is in an area
near faultlines, volcanoes,
and steep slopes.)
2. Conduct a survey or design
a study to assess the
possible
hydrometeorological
hazards that your
community may
experience. (Note: Select
this performance standard
if your school is in an area
K to 12 Senior High School Core Curriculum – Earth and Life Science May 2016
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
The learners:
1. State the different hypotheses
explaining the origin of the
universe.
2. Describe the different hypotheses
explaining the origin of the solar
system.
3. Recognize the uniqueness of
Earth, being the only planet in the
solar system with properties
necessary to support life.
4. Explain that the Earth consists of
four subsystems, across whose
boundaries matter and energy
flow.
5. Explain the current
advancements/information on the
solar system
6. Show the contributions of
personalities/people on the
understanding of the earth
systems
7. Identify the layers of the Earth
(crust, mantle, core).
CODE
S11/12ES-Ia-e1
S11/12ES-Ia-e2
S11/12ES-Ia-e3
S11/12ES-Ia-e4
S11/12ES-Ia-e5
S11/12ES-Ia-e6
S11/12ES-Ia-e7
Page 1 of 10
K to 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – CORE SUBJECT
CONTENT
II. EARTH MATERIALS AND
PROCESSES
A. Minerals and Rocks
B. Exogenic Processes
C. Endogenic Processes
CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate an
understanding of:
1. the three main categories
of rocks
2. the origin and environment
of formation of common
minerals and rocks
3. geologic processes that
occur on the surface of the
Earth such as weathering,
erosion, mass wasting, and
sedimentation (include the
role of ocean basins in the
formation of sedimentary
rocks)
4. geologic processes that
occur within the Earth
5. the folding and faulting of
rocks
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
that is frequently hit by
tropical cyclones and is
usually flooded.)
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
8. Differentiate the layers of the
Earth.
The learners:
1. identify common rock-forming
minerals using their physical and
chemical properties
2. classify rocks into igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic
3. describe how rocks undergo
weathering
4. explain how the products of
weathering are carried away by
erosion and deposited elsewhere
5. make a report on how rocks and
soil move downslope due to the
direct action of gravity
6. describe where the Earth’s
internal heat comes from.
7. describe how magma is formed
(magmatism)
8. describe what happens after the
magma is formed (plutonism and
volcanism)
9. describe the changes in mineral
components and texture of rocks
due to changes in pressure and
temperature (metamorphism)
10. compare and contrast the
formation of the different types of
igneous rocks
11. describe how rocks behave under
different types of stress such as
compression, pulling apart, and
shearing
K to 12 Senior High School Core Curriculum – Earth and Life Science May 2016
CODE
S11/12ES-Ia-e8
S11/12ES-Ia-9
S11/12ES-Ib-10
S11/12ES-Ib-11
S11/12ES-Ib-12
S11/12ES-Ib-13
S11/12ES-Ib-14
S11/12ES-Ic-15
S11/12ES-Ic-16
S11/12ES-Ic-17
S11/12ES-Ic-18
S11/12ES-Ic-19
Page 2 of 10
K to 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – CORE SUBJECT
CONTENT
D. Deformation of the Crust
E. History of the Earth
CONTENT STANDARD
6. plate tectonics
7. how the planet Earth
evolved in the last 4.6
billion years (including the
age of the Earth, major
geologic time subdivisions,
and marker fossils).
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
12. explain how the continents drift
13. cite evidence that support
continental drift
14. explain how the movement of
plates leads to the formation of
folds and faults
15. explain how the seafloor spreads
16. describe the structure and
evolution of ocean basins
17. describe how layers of rocks
(stratified rocks) are formed
18. describe the different methods
(relative and absolute dating) to
determine the age of stratified
rocks
19. explain how relative and absolute
dating were used to determine
the subdivisions of geologic time
20. describe how marker fossils (also
known as guide fossils) are used
to define and identify subdivisions
of the geologic time scale
21. describe how the Earth’s history
can be interpreted from the
geologic time scale
III. NATURAL HAZARDS,
MITIGATION, AND
ADAPTATION
A. Geologic Processes and
Hazards
The learners demonstrate an
understanding of:
1. the different hazards
caused by geological
processes (earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions, and
landslides)
K to 12 Senior High School Core Curriculum – Earth and Life Science May 2016
CODE
S11/12ES-Id-20
S11/12ES-Id-21
S11/12ES-Id-22
S11/12ES-Id-23
S11/12ES-Id-24
S11/12ES-Ie-25
S11/12ES-Ie-26
S11/12ES-Ie-27
S11/12ES-Ie-28
S11/12ES-Ie-29
The learners:
1. describe the various hazards that
may happen in the event of
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions,
and landslides
S11/12ES-If-30
Page 3 of 10
K to 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – CORE SUBJECT
CONTENT
B. Hydrometeorological
Phenomena and Hazards
C. Marine and Coastal
Processes and their
Effects
CONTENT STANDARD
2. the different hazards
caused by
hydrometeorological
phenomena (tropical
cyclones, monsoons, floods,
and tornadoes or ipo-ipo)
3. the different hazards
caused by coastal
processes (waves, tides,
sea-level changes, crustal
movement, and storm
surges)
K to 12 Senior High School Core Curriculum – Earth and Life Science May 2016
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
3. using hazard maps, identify areas
prone to hazards brought about
by earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, and landslides
4. give practical ways of coping with
geological hazards caused by
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions,
and landslides
5. identify human activities that
speed up or trigger landslides
6. suggest ways to help lessen the
occurrence of landslides in your
community
7. describe the various hazards that
may happen in the wake of
tropical cyclones, monsoons,
floods, or ipo-ipo
8. using hazard maps, identify areas
prone to hazards brought about
by tropical cyclones, monsoons,
floods, or ipo-ipo
9. give practical ways of coping with
hydrometeorological hazards
caused by tropical cyclones,
monsoons, floods, or ipo-ipo
10. describe how coastal processes
result in coastal erosion,
submersion, and saltwater
intrusion
11. identify areas in your community
prone to coastal erosion,
submersion, and saltwater
intrusion
12. give practical ways of coping with
coastal erosion, submersion, and
saltwater intrusion
CODE
S11/12ES-If-31
S11/12ES-If-32
S11/12ES-If-33
S11/12ES-Ig-34
S11/12ES-Ig-35
S11/12ES-Ig-36
S11/12ES-Ih-37
S11/12ES-Ih-38
S11/12ES-Ii-39
S11/12ES-Ii-40
Page 4 of 10
K to 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – CORE SUBJECT
CONTENT
I. INTRODUCTION TO LIFE
SCIENCE
CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate an
understanding of:
1. the historical development
of the concept of life
2. the origin of the first life
forms
3. unifying themes in the
study of life
II. BIOENERGETICS
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learners shall be able to:
value life by taking good care
of all beings, humans, plants,
and animals
The learners demonstrate an
The learners shall be able to:
understanding of:
make a poster that shows the
complementary relationship of
photosynthesis and cellular
respiration
1. the cell as the basic unit of
life
2. how photosynthetic
organisms capture light
energy to form sugar
molecules
3. how organisms obtain and
utilize energy
K to 12 Senior High School Core Curriculum – Earth and Life Science May 2016
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
13. cite ways to prevent or mitigate
the impact of land development,
waste disposal, and construction
of structures on control coastal
processes
The learners:
1. explain the evolving concept of
life based on emerging pieces of
evidence
2. describe classic experiments that
model conditions which may have
enabled the first forms to evolve
3. describe how unifying themes
(e.g., structure and function,
evolution, and ecosystems) in the
study of life show the connections
among living things and how they
interact with each other and with
their environment
The learners:
1. explain how cells carry out
functions required for life
2. explain how photosynthetic
organisms use light energy to
combine carbon dioxide and
water to form energy-rich
compounds
3. trace the energy flow from the
environment to the cells.
4. describe how organisms obtain
and utilize energy
5. recognize that organisms require
energy to carry out functions
required for life
CODE
S11/12ES-Ii-41
S11/12LT-IIa-1
S11/12LT-IIa-2
S11/12LT-IIa-3
S11/12LT-IIbd4
S11/12LT-IIbd5
S11/12LT-IIbd6
S11/12LT-IIbd7
S11/12LT-IIbd8
Page 5 of 10
K to 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – CORE SUBJECT
CONTENT
III. PERPETUATION OF LIFE
CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate an
understanding of:
1. plant and animal
reproduction
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learners shall be able to:
conduct a survey of products
containing substances that
can trigger genetic disorders
such as phenylketonuria
2. how genes work
3. how genetic engineering is
used to produce novel
products
IV. HOW ANIMALS SURVIVE
The learners demonstrate an
understanding of:
1. nutrition: getting food to
cells
2. gas exchange with the
environment
3. circulation: the internal
transport system
4. the need for homeostasis
5. salt and water balance and
waste removal
6. the immune system:
defense from disease
7. how hormones govern body
activities
8. the nervous system
9. the body in motion
K to 12 Senior High School Core Curriculum – Earth and Life Science May 2016
The learners shall be able to:
make a presentation of some
diseases that are associated
with the various organ
systems
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
The learners:
1. describe the different ways of
how plants reproduce
2. illustrate the relationships among
structures of flowers, fruits, and
seeds
3. describe the different ways of
how representative animals
reproduce
4. explain how the information in
the DNA allows the transfer of
genetic information and synthesis
of proteins
5. describe the process of genetic
engineering
6. conduct a survey of the current
uses of genetically modified
organisms
7. evaluate the benefits and risks of
using GMOs
CODE
S11/12LT-IIej13
S11/12LT-IIej14
S11/12LT-IIej15
S11/12LT-IIej16
S11/12LT-IIej17
S11/12LT-IIej18
S11/12LT-IIej19
The learners:
8. explain the different metabolic
processes involved in the various
organ systems
9. describe the general and unique
characteristics of the different
organ systems in representative
animals
10. analyze and appreciate the
functional relationships of the
different organ systems in
ensuring animal survival
S11/12LT-IIIaj20
S11/12LT-IIIaj21
S11/12LT-IIIaj22
Page 6 of 10
K to 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – CORE SUBJECT
CONTENT
V. HOW PLANTS SURVIVE
CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate an
understanding of:
1. plant form and function
2. plant growth and
development
VI.
THE PROCESS OF EVOLUTION
The learners demonstrate an
understanding of:
1. the evidence for evolution
2. the origin and extinction of
species
VII.
INTERACTION AND
INTERDEPENDENCE
The learners demonstrate an
understanding of:
1. the principles of the
ecosystem
2. biotic potential and
environmental resistance
3. terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems
4. how human activities affect
the natural ecosystem
K to 12 Senior High School Core Curriculum – Earth and Life Science May 2016
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learners shall be able to:
design a setup on propagating
plants using other methods
such as hydroponics and
aeroponics
The learners shall be able to:
Design a poster tracing the
evolutionary changes in a crop
plant (e.g., rice or corn) that
occurred through
domestication
The learners shall be able to:
prepare an action plan
containing mitigation
measures to address current
environmental concerns and
challenges in the community
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
The learners:
11. describe the structure and
function of the different plant
organs
12. explain the different metabolic
processes involved in the plant
organ systems
CODE
S11/12LT-IVae23
S11/12LT-IVae24
The learners:
13. describe evidence of evolution
such as homology, DNA/protein
sequences, plate tectonics, fossil
record, embryology, and artificial
selection/agriculture
13. explain how populations of
organisms have changed and
continue to change over time
showing patterns of descent with
modification from common
ancestors to produce the
organismal diversity observed
today
14. describe how the present system
of classification of organisms is
based on evolutionary
relationships
The learners:
15. describe the principles of the
ecosystem
16. categorize the different biotic
potential and environmental
resistance (e.g., diseases,
availability of food, and
predators) that affect population
explosion
17. describe how the different
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
are interlinked with one another
S11/12LT-IVfg25
S11/12LT-IVfg26
S11/12LT-IVfg27
S11/12LT-IVhj28
S11/12LT-IVhj29
S11/12LT-IVhj30
Page 7 of 10
K to 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – CORE SUBJECT
GLOSSARY
Absolute Dating
The process of determining an approximate computed age in archaeology and geology
Artificial Selection
The process in the breeding of animals and in the cultivation of plants by which the breeder chooses to perpetuate only those forms having
certain desirable traits or characteristics
Bioenergetics
Energy transformations and energy exchanges within and between living things and their environments
Calvin Cycle
The term for the cycle of dark reactions in photosynthesis
Embryology
The study of organisms at their early stages of development
Endogenic
Refers to internal processes and phenomena that occur beneath the Earth's surface, or any other celestial body’s
Genetic Engineering
The deliberate and controlled manipulation of genes in an organism, with the intent of making that organism better in some way
Genetically Modified
Organism
An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Organisms that have been genetically modified
include micro-organisms such as bacteria and yeast, insects, plants, fish, and mammals
Geologic Process
A natural process whereby geological features are modified
Homology
The study of likeness in structure between parts of different organisms (e.g., the wing of a bat and the human arm) due to evolutionary
differentiation from a corresponding part in a common ancestor
Hydrometeorological
Hazards
The process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic nature that may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage
Metamorphism
The process of dramatic changes in body form in the life cycle of some animals
Physiology
The study of the functions of living things and their parts
Plate Tectonics
The branch of geology that studies the folding and faulting of the Earth’s crust
Plutonism
The formation of intrusive igneous rocks by solidification of magma beneath the earth's surface
Relative Dating
A technique used to determine the age of fossils by comparing them with other fossils in different layers of rock
K to 12 Senior High School Core Curriculum – Earth and Life Science May 2016
Page 8 of 10
K to 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – CORE SUBJECT
Code Book Legend
Sample: S11/12ES-Ia-e-1
LEGEND
Learning Area and
Strand/ Subject or
Specialization
Science
Grade Level
Grade 11/12
Domain/Content/
Component/ Topic
CODE
Earth Science
ES
Life Science
LT
S11/12
First Entry
Uppercase Letter/s
DOMAIN/ COMPONENT
SAMPLE
Earth Science
ES
-
Roman Numeral
*Zero if no specific quarter
Quarter
First Quarter
I
Week
Weeks one to five
a-e
Lowercase Letter/s
*Put a hyphen (-) in between
letters to indicate more than a
specific week
Arabic Number
Competency
State the different
hypotheses explaining
the origin of the universe
K to 12 Senior High School Core Curriculum – Earth and Life Science May 2016
1
Page 9 of 10
K to 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – CORE SUBJECT
References:
Alberts, Bruce et. al. Molecular biology of the cell. (5th ed.). New York: Garland Publishing, 2007.
Reece, Jane. B. et. al. Campbell Biology (9th ed.). Boston: Pearson, 2011.
K to 12 Senior High School Core Curriculum – Earth and Life Science May 2016
Page 10 of 10