The Fifth Amendment

The Grand Jury has to confirm the trial to be legitimate before the person can be tried. Also, nothing can be taken from you without due process. You are innocent until proven guilty.You cannot be forced to be a witness against yourself. You have the right to remain silent. You cannot be tried for the same crime more than once.

Tariffs

Kansas Nebraska Act

Repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether or not the states would allow slavery through popular sovereignty. Extremists on both sides, abolitionist and pro-slavery, people together to sway the vote. This lead to Bleeding Kansas.

Bleeding Kansas

John Brown, an extreme abolitionist, and his sons broke into the home of a pro-slavery family and killed five people with hatchets. The north praised his actions, while the south viewed him as a murderer.

Charles Sumner

White Massachusetts senator that had made a speech criticizing slavery and specific other senators. Because of this, Preston Brooks, a southern senator's nephew and member of the house or representatives, beat Charles Sumner on the senate floor with a cane. The south applauded Sumner, while the north abhorred Brooks's actions

Dred Scott

An enslaved man that was taken into Missouri, filled suit against his owner because he had been taken to a state where slavery was illegal, and because of this, he was free. The Supreme Court ruled 7 to 2 against him, because blacks did not have the right to sue, and since slaves were property, it did not matter where slaves were taken, they would not become free.

Harper's Ferry

John Brown had planned to seize weapons from a southern arsenal to distribute to slaves to cause a massive, crippling slave revolt. Just after capturing the arsenal however, Robert E. Lee and some of his soldiers surrounded the arsenal and forced Brown to surrender. Brown was charged with treason and was hanged. Brown became a martyr for abolitionists, and southerners began to militarize.

The Election of 1860

Abraham Lincoln won the election, but was distrusted by the south and was not even on the ballot in 10 southern states. Between when he was elected in November and inaugurated in May, a total of seven states had seceded from the Union. Soon after he took office, four more state seceded.