Daltonia is characterized by the small to somewhat medium sized tufted plants; ovate or oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate leaves; entire or rarely serrulate, weakly to strongly bordered margins that are plane or recurved; rather thick-walled, often oval or fusiform, rarely subquadrate upper cells; differentiated basal and insertion cells; and the roughened to papillose, rarely smooth seta. Daltonia seldom forms abundant populations; rather these inconspicuous plants occur as a few individuals or small tufts on bamboo nodes or on twigs and branches. It is rather common to find two or three species growing intermixed, e.g. D. gracilis and D. longifolia. Daltonia contains some 60 species primarily pantropical in distribution; ca. 22 species in the Neotropics. The tropical Andes is one of the major centers of diversity for this genus. Daltonia remains poorly collected in the tropical Andes largely due to the small plant stature and equally small population size. Keys adapted and modified from Bartram (1931). Ten species recorded for Bolivia. Daltonia peruviana Mitt. may be expected for Bolivia from the Yungas montane forest; this species is known from Central America and elsewhere in the tropical Andes (Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru). The report of Daltoniairrorata Mitt. (= Daltonia lindigiana Hampe) by Williams (1909: 245) is tentatively excluded; no collection was cited by Bartram for Bolivia (1931). A synopsis of the revision by Majestyk (2011) will be provided in the future with regard to the Bolivian species of Daltonia.