The establishing shot for the restaurant where Erlich and Jian Yang met up with Ed Chen was shot at the Forbidden Island Tiki Lounge, 1304 Lincoln Ave, Alameda, CA. (Google) The interior scene was shot at Damon's Steak House (Google) at 317 N. Brand Blvd., Glendale, CA.

The exterior shot of the supermarket where Monica and Richard chatted was taken at Trag's Market, 303 Baldwin Ave, San Mateo, CA. (Google) The interior scene was shot elsewhere.

The outdoor shots at "Hooli" were taken at the Cal State Los Angeles campus, 5154 State University Drive, Los Angeles CA, in front of the Student Union Building.

The scene where Big Head goes to class at Stanford was filmed at the California Institute of Technology in Noyes 153 (Sturdivant Lecture Hall). (Photos)

The establishing shot of the restaurant exterior for the scene where Dinesh and Mia are on a date was taken at Local Union 271, 271 University Ave, Palo Alto, CA. (Google) The interior scene was shot elsewhere.

The scene at the marketing agency was filmed at the real agency "Wpromote" located at 2100 East Grand Avenue, El Segundo, CA 90245

The bike ride sequence near the end was filmed in Mumbai, India. (Reference)

The Bangladesh-based click farm was created from a rather pristine-looking National Guard Warehouse which was converted into a space that was more run-down looking. The production team covered windows, adding holes and splits to obtain fragment lighting , and cabling was added throughout, along with a random collection of tables and chairs. Computer monitors that were at least ten years old were added to complete the transition.
(Reference)

The scene where Russ Hanneman tells Richard that he has to drive a Maserati because he could no longer afford his McLaren 650S Spider was filmed at the Rosewood Sand Hill, 2825 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, a real-life Silicon Valley hotel popular with VC's and investors.

The basketball court near where Richard originally met Russ Hanneman in front of "Hooli" headquarters are located in the "Silicon Beach" area of Los Angeles at 12025 Waterfront Drive, Los Angeles, CA. (Google Street View)

The establishing shot of the outside of the hotel where Gavin Belson gave the bad interview with Walter Mossberg and Kara Swisher was taken at the Omni San Francisco, 500 California St, San Francisco, CA.

The establishing shot of the restaurant exterior taken where the "Bro" crowdfunding event takes place was shot at The Rose & Crown, 547 Emerson St, Palo Alto, CA. It was digitally renamed "The Ox & Bull". The interior scenes were shot in studio in Los Angeles.

The final scene at the Mexican restaurant was filmed at El Compadre, 7408 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, California.

The Stern Taylor party at the baseball field was actually fimed at AT&T Park, the home of the San Francisco Giants.

The establishing shot of the restaurant exterior taken when Richard meets Javeed for drinks was taken at Reposado, 236 Hamilton Ave, Palo Alto, CA. The interior scenes were shot in studio in Los Angeles.