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NW ordinance of 1787

congress's ordinance to govern the land west of the app. mtns and east of the miss. river had to have 60,000 people in an area to start a state, the states were state governing but still had the civil rights that people living in the colonies had

Articles of Confederation

first government of the u.s. unsuccessufl but a start in the right direction, could only ask for money and soldeirs from the states and not demand, also needed to pay off money from the war and started printing their own money and caused inflation

Battle of Yorktown

general cornwallis came in and tried to take out the cont. army and then the french cornered them from behind andn the army attacked them from land

Battle of Saratoga

got assistance from the french, they took out the british because they did not know that they were going to have to go through lakes and rivers

Battle of Bunkerhill

series of battle around boston, colonists won two battles, and on one of them the ammo arrived from fort tinconderoga and forced the brits to retreat out of the area

Fort Ticonderoga

famous battle in upstate new york, important to the colonists because they got allsorts of ammo and weapons from the siezed fort, led by Ethan Allen a sneak attack

Lexington and Concord

where we live, the first battle of the american revolution, great success, used guerrila warfare

Benedict Arnold

American General that was bribed into joining forces with the brits, gave away info to them

General Howe

commanding general of the british army during the american rev

The Decleration of Independence

jefferson was apointed to do this, his job was to get people to support independence from the king of england

Thomas Paine

published a pamphlet called common sense in january of 1776, which urged for a revolution against britain he said "everything that is rught or reasonable pleads for seperation... 'TIS TIME TO PART!"

British Army

-very strong compared to the continental army, outnumbered them 3-1 at certain points- main general was General Howe

Patriots Vs. Loyalists

patriots- wanted a revolution from britain loyalists- sided with the british

The Continental army

an army of colonists that was set up in order to fight the British, it was led by George Washington, small but successful compared to the british army

Shot Heard Around The World

the battle of con. and lex.

First Continental Congress

started in 1774 when delegages from all the colonies gatherd in phili to discuss their thoughts about loyalty to the brits

Intolerable Acts

laws that were established to punish the massachussets residents, also used it to enforce control over colonies

Boston Tea Party

a boycott that the colonists in MA started against tea imported into boston harbor, they revolted and dumped 900,000 lbs of tea into the harbor

Boston Massacre

two bostonians died, a way for the colonists to show that the brits shouldnt be there

Sons of Liberty

John Adams, Samue Adams, Patrick Henry, George Washington

Townshend Acts

law made by parliament of britain, placed taxes on any goods that were imported tothe colonies

New Spain

- Was the Province around Mexico and also into the southern United States. Colonists took charge and created a local government since they were so far away from their homeland.

New Netherlands

- The Dutch had ownership to this land, NYC prior to the English and gave it up with out even a battle. This was huge because now NYC is the biggest city in America.

New France

- Was the province west of the 13 colonies, this land was later bought by the United States from France, and later expanded on this land.

Treaty of Paris

- Agreement signed by Great Britain and the U.S. granting the U.S. independence, territory and fishing rights

Ben Franklin

was on the committee to draft Declaration of Independence and was a diplomat to France.

French and Indian War

- A territorial conflict between France and Great Britain over Native American lands in which France lost most of its North American holdings

George Washington

First president of the United States and the commander of the continental army

William Penn

Was a peaceful Quaker, that started the state of Pennsylvania where he hoped that people could live together peacefully even though they were from different nations and of different nationalities.

George Whitefield

preached to congregations in the large settlements from Georgia to New England.

Puritans

- Were Protestants that wanted to purify the church of England and of all of the Catholic traditions

Burgess

the assembly of representatives in colonial Virginia.

Charter

- Legal document giving certain rights to a person or company

Columbian Exchange

- Transfer of people, ideas, plants, animals, and diseases among the Americas, Europe, Asia and Africa; initiated by Columbus’s voyages

Mayflower Compact

Document that established Plymouth Colony as a self-governing colony based on the majority rule of male church members

Separatists

- Radical English Puritans who broke with the Church of England

Pilgrims

-Settlers that came to the Americas in search of religious freedom, made friendships with the Native Americans, and started the practice of “Thanksgiving”

Protestant Reformation

Religious upheaval in Europe begun by Martin Luther in 1517 to protest corruption in the Roman Catholic Church

Shay's Rebellion

after the american revolution the farmers were hit the hardest, daniel shay led a rebeillion and attacked an arsenal, by doing this it showed the country that the AOC could not handle civil unrest

Alexander Hamilton

30 year old lawyer from new york, helped write the constitution, elitest, thought that the gov't should be strong and natural

James Madison

he was a delegate from virginia, helped write the constitution, came up with the virginia plan, 4th pres. of the us

The VA Plan

edmund randolph and james madison came up with it, designed to shift power away from states and to central gov't, he wanted a legislative house that had representation based on population

The NJ Plan

Devised by William Paterson, proposed that every state gets one vote in the legislature and the reps would be elected by state gov'ts, a three house system

House of Reps

the house in the legislature that representation is based on population size.

The Senate

The part of the legislature where each state has equal representation no matter how big the state is

The Great Compromise

AKA the CT plan, incorporated both the VA plan and the NJ plan, two houses, the house of reps, and the senate

The 3/5ths compromise

decided that slaves count as 3/5 of a person for their representation in the house of reps

Slave Trade Compromise

Stated that slave states could continue slavery but must end the slave trade in 20 years

For Knox, Kentuky

vault where all of the gold that the u.s used to back the money was kept

Preamble

part before the constitution is an overview of what the constitution states

Amendments

parts of the constitution that are added or deleted that take place after the original signing

Congress

The legislative part of the federal gov't, comprised of the house of representatives and the senate

Electoral College

system that we use to vote for the president, each state gets a certain amount of votes based on their population, each congressmen and sentator votes based on how on their state voted

Bill

a proposed law that someone in the cong. comes up with then it goes to the other house and needs a majority, then goes to the pres. and if he vetos it then the legislature needs a 2/3 majority vote

Federalsim

system of govt where power is devided among different parts of the govt, also the central govt that all the state and local gov'ts base themselves off of

William Randolph Hearst

editor from the NY journal , used yellow journalism, which over dramatized the war to sell more copies of his newspaper

Jose Marti

he was a poet from cuba at the time of the Spanish American War, he was exiled from cuba to NYC, then went back to cuba and joined other exiles and fought against american troops, he died fighting, and became known as a martyr

President McKinley

inaugerated on march 4, 1897, he was a vet from the civil war and didnt want the country to go to war until we were absolutly forced to

The Spanish American War

started on cuba, then the us fougt cuba on the islands of the philipenes

Emilio Aguinaldo

U.S troops needed assistance from filipino rebels to attack the islands, they were lead by Aguinaldo

Teller Amendment

stated that the us claimed no sovereignty jursidictionn or control over cuba, once cuba won its independence from spain, and promised the us would leave the control over cuba to the people there

Puerto Rico

now a u.s. province, before the war was owned by the spanish

Guam

island 3500 miles sw of hawaii took this islnad on our way to the philipenes

Theodore Roosevelt

presidnet of the U.s during the later part of the SA War, he was a tough guy

Dollar Diplomacy

taft's idea to get more involved economically with the latin american countries, wanted to replace european loans with american ones

Big Stick Diplomacy

Theodore roosevelts idea to carry a big stick, and be very authoritative in latin america

The roosevelt Corollary

plan to maintain peace "on our half of the globe"

The Platt Amendment

limited cubas freedom to make treaties with other countries, authorized the us to intervene with cuban affairs with other countries, required cuba to sell land to the us for naval bases

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

leader of austria before wwi started, he was shot and the whole war was declared because of this

Militarism

the idea of building of arms, when countries wanted to proove their superiorority over other countries through war, contributed to going to wwi

nationalism

believed in ones nation, and felt they were superior

tripple alliance

in 1882 it was Germany, Austria Hungry and later on italy

tripple entente

UK france, and russia

Allied Powers

FR, UK, USSR, ITALY, and later on the US

Central Powers

GER, AUS-HUN, OTTOMAN EMPIRE, Bulgaria

Woodrow Wilson

the us pres at the start of wwi presented th 14 pts. wanted to start a league of nations, which would ally countries together

Bolsheviks

first communist party that came to power in russia, their leader was Vladimir Ilich Lenin, he strongly opposed war, they signed the treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany to keep them out of war

Zimmerman note

the intercepted telegraph that germany sent to mexico, saying that they wouldsupply them with weapons and stuff if the U.S. went to war with germany

Weapons of War

germans- machine guns, british-tanks, and poison gas

Battle of Somme

took place in NE france in one day the brits lost 60,000 men to the germans, by the end of the battle, 3 million people died all together

Battle of Verdun

from feb 21 to dec 18 1916 the germans plan was to get the french to keep putting more and more men here and killing them all french were outnumbered 5-1 in one week 50% of their army mobilized here had died

Western front

trenches ran along this front of germany, lots of people died here, most horrible part of war

John J. Pershing

General of us troops in france during wwi, when they arrived they were warmly welcomed by the people of france

Selective Service Act

may 18 1917, stated that all men between 21-30 had to register with a draft board, by the end of the war 24 million men had resigered and 2.8 million had been drafted

Espionage and Sediction acts

created a law that no acts of treason may be committed and people cant go against the country in any way

The league of nations

a peace treaty among the allied nations at the time, created new countries in europe, the congress didnt like it because it took away their right to declare war

Fourteen Points

"peace with out victory, came up with by wilson, wanted to show how europeans could have everlasting peace, he was backed by the big four

Treaty of Versailles

treaty that was signed in versailles forced the germans to sign it and pay off war debt, new nations were born

Balfour Declaration

the idea to create a jewish homeland, backed by the brits

New Countries after WWI

czechoslovakia, finland, estonia, latvia, lithuania, poland,

Red Scare

the fear of communism in the us during the 20s

flappers

the "new women" of the 1920s in the us. rebels, went against traditional women behaviors

the new deal

FDR's plan to get rid get the us out of the great depresion, started abunch of relief programs

Opposers to the New Deal

Francis townshend(give 200 bucks to the old), father coughlin(anti semitest),Huey long(thought no one should have more than a million $)

Washington Confrence Agreement

5-5-3 japan had 3/5 the amount of tonage for their navy

Kellogg-Briand pact

inbetween the us and france at first to outlaw war betwn the two but then 62 nations signed it, never really worked

Manchurian Crisis

when japan invaded manchuria, first test to the k-b pact, showed that it wouldnt work

Mussolini

ruler of italy during wwii he was on hitlers side, he hated communists, was killed and hung in the middle of rome

Munich Conference

where they decided hitler could go into the sudatenland

Blitzkrieg

the germans plan for wwii that it would be quick and they would take russia and all of europe quickly