What is the definition of Telangiectasis?What is their gross appearance?

Presence of focal areas in which sinusoids are dilated and filled with blood.

What are the mechanisms of hepatic lipidosis? (5)

1. Excessive entry of fatty acids into the liver: as a consequence of excessive dietary intake of fat or increased mobilization of fat from adipose tissue due to increased demand (lactation, starvation, and endocrine abnormalities).2. Decreased oxidation of fatty acids within hepatocytes that arises as a consequence of abnormal hepatocyte function and leads to accumulation of triglycerides within hepatocytes.3. Increased esterification of fatty acids to triglycerides.4. Decreased apoprotein synthesis and subsequent decreasedproduction and export of lipoprotein from hepatocytes.5. Impaired secretion of lipoprotein from the liver.

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What does the liver look like with hepatic lipidosis?

Enlarged, heavy, uniform light yellow or orange that cuts with ease and is greasy when severed. The edges are rounded and the surface is smooth the tissue will float in water or fixative.

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What is the significance of hepatic lipidosis?

*depends on the cause, severity and duration.– Lesion is reversible in mild cases, but could lead to hepatic necrosis, fatty cysts, fat embolism and liver rupture with internal hemorrhage.– Fatty livers are also more susceptible to toxic damage and traumatic injury.

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When are you more likely to see a fatty liver?

In late pregnancy, heavy lactation, or simple dietary excess. Fasting in obese animals is followed by a heavy demand on that source, since the liver must provide lipoproteins to other tissues. The synthesis and transport of low-density lipoprotein acts as a bottleneck in the movement of lipid through hepatocytes and triglyceride accumulates.

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When would you expect to see ketosis?S

Occurs following excessive fat metabolism during peak lactation in cattle or twin pregnancy in ewes.

*Also related to the added stimulus for fatty acid oxidation caused by the drain of heavy pregnancy or lactation.

Percute, subacute, cute, chronic, chronic active.

What are the classifications of hepatitis according to location? (2)

What are liver abscess is a result of?

What is the most common animal this is seen in?

Seen in many species as a result of hematogenous infection or secondary to omphalophlebitis

Cattle as a complication of chemical rumenitis or traumatic reticulitus.

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What bacterial flora can cause abscesses, and which lobe is more frequently affected?

Abscesses may be few or many and are usually caused by mixed bacterial flora including Fusobacterium necrophorus, Trueperella pyogenes (formerly known as Arcanobacter pyogenes), Streptococci and Staphylococci. The left lobe is more frequently affected.

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What does granulomataus hepatitis occurs secondary to?

Occurs secondary to fungal infections (Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis), and some bacterial diseases such as tuberculosis.