[ANGLÈS] Since the mid-1990's, the field of genomic signal processing has exploded due to the development of DNA microarray technology, which made possible the measurement of mRNA expression of thousands of genes in parallel. Researchers had developed a vast body of knowledge in classification methods. The scientific community has developed a broad knowledge of the individual parts involved in the operation of a cell, but we still do not understand how these individual parts interact. For this reason a new type of analysis of the microarray data called Pathways analysis has been developed. This approach considers that genes work together in cascades and do not act for themselves in a biological system. The activity of the genes in a cell is controlled by the gene regulatory networks, which consist of the union and interconnection of the various pathways. This thesis is placed in the field of computer systems and signal processing applied to biology and aims to study and develop methods to infer the relationship of genes in a large-scale gene network topology where regulation is not known, and must be inferred from experimental data. First, we present a review and a comparison of the different methods in the state of the art that have tried to solve this challenge with different approaches: Gene networks based in co-expression, information-theoretic approach, bayesian networks, and finally the one based on differential equations. Secondly, we present an exhaustive study of two selected techniques, the Z-score and Zavlanos algorithms, in order to analyze their strengths and drawbacks. The chosen methods have been tested on two public datasets: the SOS pathway and a synthetic dataset simulated by computer. The proposed approach obtains good identification results, confirming the goodness of the approach. And finally, we present an analysis of the ability of the inferred network to predict the behavior of the system to an external perturbation. Also a new approach to boost the identification performance is presented. It is based on an ensemble decision paradigm. It is a preliminary idea but even though, we have found some promising results that demonstrate the potential of the approach.