The Richard Rodgers Theatre is a Broadway theater located at 226 West 46th Street, between Broadway and 8th Avenue, in New York City, the theatre was built by Irwin Chanin in 1925 and was originally called Chanin's 46th Street Theatre. Chanin almost immediately leased it to the Shuberts, who bought the building outright in 1931 and renamed it the 46th Street Theatre; in 1945, the theatre was taken over by Robert W. Dowling.[1] In 1960, it was purchased by the producer Lester Osterman.,[2] who sold it to producers Stephen R. Friedman and Irwin Meyer in 1978;[3] in 1981, it was purchased and renovated by the Nederlander Organization, who in 1990 changed the house's name in memory of the composer Richard Rodgers.[4]

The theatre currently holds the distinction of having housed the greatest number (eleven) of Tony Award-winning Best Plays and Best Musicals, more than any other theatre on Broadway.[5]

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The Richard Rodgers Theatre is notable in that it was the first to feature Chanin's 'democratic' seating plan; in most earlier Broadway theatres, patrons seated in the cheaper balcony and mezzanine sections utilized separate entrances from patrons who had purchased the more expensive orchestra section seats. Instead, all patrons entered the new theatre through the same doors, and a series of steps inside the house led to the upper seating areas.

Hamilton achieved the box office record for the Richard Rodgers Theatre. The production grossed $3,335,430 for the week ending January 1st, 2017 with a top ticket price at $998 and 105.887% of the theatre's gross potential.[6]

1.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange

2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation

3.
Nederlander Organization
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The Nederlander Organization, founded in 1912 by David T. Nederlander and based in Detroit, Michigan, is one of the largest operators of legitimate theatres and music venues in the United States. Its first acquisition was a lease on the Detroit Opera House in 1912, the building was demolished in 1928. It later operated the Shubert Lafayette Theatre until its demolition in 1964, mechanic Theatre – Baltimore National Theatre – Washington, D. C.5 million. In January 2014, Nederlander settled a suit with the U. S. Attorneys Office over violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Under the consent decree, Nederlander agreed to make alterations within three-years to nine of its theatres in New York to make more accessible. The case was one in a series filed by the U. S. Attorney against a number of venues in the city

4.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women

5.
Seating capacity
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Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The International Fire Code, portions of which have adopted by many jurisdictions, is directed more towards the use of a facility than the construction. It specifies, For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms and it also requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including details of the means of egress, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating. Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the size of the venue. For sports venues, the decision on maximum seating capacity is determined by several factors, chief among these are the primary sports program and the size of the market area. Seating capacity of venues also plays a role in what media they are able to provide, in contracting to permit performers to use a theatre or other performing space, the seating capacity of the performance facility must be disclosed. Seating capacity may influence the kind of contract to be used, the seating capacity must also be disclosed to the copyright owner in seeking a license for the copyrighted work to be performed in that venue. Venues that may be leased for private functions such as ballrooms and auditoriums generally advertise their seating capacity, seating capacity is also an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas. The seating capacity for restaurants is reported as covers, a restaurant that can seat 99 is said to have 99 covers, seating capacity differs from total capacity, which describes the total number of people who can fit in a venue or in a vehicle either sitting or standing. Use of the term public capacity indicates that a venue is allowed to more people than it can actually seat. Again, the total number of people can refer to either the physical space available or limitations set by law

6.
Hamilton (musical)
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Hamilton, An American Musical is a sung-through musical about the life of American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, with music, lyrics and book by Lin-Manuel Miranda. The show, inspired by the 2004 biography Alexander Hamilton by historian Ron Chernow, the musical made its Off-Broadway debut at The Public Theater in February 2015, where its engagement was sold out. The show transferred to Broadway in August 2015 at the Richard Rodgers Theatre, on Broadway, it received enthusiastic critical reception and unprecedented advance box office sales. The prior off-Broadway production of Hamilton won the 2015 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical as well as seven other Drama Desk Awards out of 14 total nominated categories, the Chicago production of Hamilton opened at the PrivateBank Theatre in September 2016. The first U. S. national tour of the show began performances in March 2017, a production of Hamilton will open in the West End in November 2017 at the Victoria Palace Theatre. A second U. S. tour is set to begin performances in early 2018. Upon Mirandas discovery he began a project entitled The Hamilton Mixtape, on May 12,2009, Miranda was invited to perform music from In the Heights at the White House Evening of Poetry, Music and the Spoken Word. Instead, he performed the first song from The Hamilton Mixtape and he spent a year after that working on My Shot, another early number from the show. Miranda performed in a production of the show, then titled The Hamilton Mixtape. The workshop production was directed by Thomas Kail and musically directed by Alex Lacamoire, the workshop consisted of the entirety of the first act of the show and three songs from the second act. The workshop was accompanied by Lacamoire on the piano, of the original workshop cast, only three principal cast members played in the Off-Broadway production, Miranda, Daveed Diggs, and Christopher Jackson. Most of the original Off-Broadway cast moved to Broadway, except Brian dArcy James, the musical begins with the company summarizing Alexander Hamiltons early life as an orphan in the Caribbean. Hamilton was born out of wedlock in the West Indies—his father abandoned him at an early age, by nineteen, Hamilton has made his way to the American colonies, a dedicated supporter of American independence. In the summer of 1776 in New York City, Hamilton seeks out Aaron Burr, Burr advises the overenthusiastic Hamilton to talk less, smile more. Hamilton is unable to understand why Burr would rather exercise caution than fight for his beliefs, Hamilton bonds with three fellow revolutionaries, abolitionist John Laurens, the flamboyant Frenchman Marquis de Lafayette, and the tailors apprentice Hercules Mulligan. Hamilton dazzles them with his skills and they dream of laying down their lives for their cause. Meanwhile, the wealthy Schuyler sisters—Angelica, Eliza, and Peggy—wander the streets of New York, samuel Seabury, a vocal Loyalist, preaches against the American Revolution, and Hamilton refutes and ridicules his statements. A message arrives from King George III, reminding the colonists that he is able, the revolution is underway, and Hamilton, Burr, and their friends join the Continental Army

7.
Richard Rodgers
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Richard Charles Rodgers was an American composer of music for more than 900 songs and for 43 Broadway musicals. He also composed music for films and television and he is best known for his songwriting partnerships with the lyricists Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II. His compositions have had a significant impact on popular music up to the present day and he has also won a Pulitzer Prize, making him one of two people to receive each award. Richard began playing the piano at age six,10, Townsend Harris Hall and DeWitt Clinton High School. Rodgers spent his teenage summers in Camp Wigwam where he composed some of his first songs. Rodgers, Lorenz Hart, and later collaborator Oscar Hammerstein II all attended Columbia University, at Columbia, Rodgers joined the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity. In 1921, Rodgers shifted his studies to the Institute of Musical Art, Rodgers was influenced by composers such as Victor Herbert and Jerome Kern, as well as by the operettas his parents took him to see on Broadway when he was a child. In 1919, Richard met Lorenz Hart, thanks to Phillip Leavitt, Rodgers and Hart struggled for years in the field of musical comedy, writing several amateur shows. They made their debut with the song Any Old Place With You. Their first professional production was the 1920 Poor Little Ritz Girl and their next professional show, The Melody Man, did not premiere until 1924. When he was just out of college Rodgers worked as director for Lew Fields. Among the stars he accompanied were Nora Bayes and Fred Allen, Rodgers was considering quitting show business altogether to sell childrens underwear, when he and Hart finally broke through in 1925. They wrote the songs for a show presented by the prestigious Theatre Guild, called The Garrick Gaieties. Only meant to run one day, the Guild knew they had a success, the shows biggest hit — the song that Rodgers believed made Rodgers and Hart — was Manhattan. The two were now a Broadway songwriting force, throughout the rest of the decade, the duo wrote several hit shows for both Broadway and London, including Dearest Enemy, The Girl Friend, Peggy-Ann, A Connecticut Yankee, and Present Arms. Their 1920s shows produced standards such as Here in My Arms, Mountain Greenery, Blue Room, My Heart Stood Still, with the Depression in full swing during the first half of the 1930s, the team sought greener pastures in Hollywood. Rodgers also wrote a melody for which Hart wrote three consecutive lyrics which either were cut, not recorded or not a hit, the fourth lyric resulted in one of their most famous songs, Blue Moon. In 1935, they returned to Broadway and wrote an almost unbroken string of hit shows that only with Harts death in 1943

8.
Tony Award
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The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony

9.
DuBarry Was a Lady
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Du Barry Was a Lady is a Broadway musical, with music and lyrics by Cole Porter, and the book by Herbert Fields and B. G. The musical starred Bert Lahr, Ethel Merman and Betty Grable, the musical was made into a 1943 Technicolor film, DuBarry Was a Lady, starring Red Skelton, Lucille Ball, and Gene Kelly. A washroom attendant, Louis Blore, has won a sweepstakes and he is in love with the nightclub singer May Daly, but she is in love with Alex Barton. Alex is the brother of her friend Alice, who is in love with Harry Norton, meanwhile, Alex is unhappily married to Ann. Charley, Louiss replacement, suggests that Louis slip Alex a Mickey Finn, while trying to do so, Louis inadvertently drinks the Mickey Finn, falls asleep, and dreams he is King Louis XV of France, and that May is Madame du Barry. In his dream, Charley becomes the Dauphin and Harry becomes the captain of the guard, with Ann as Du Barrys lady-in-waiting, eventually after various entanglements, Louis wakes up and realises that Alex is the man for May. He uses the last of his winnings to pay for Alexs divorce from Ann, the musical opened on Broadway at the 46th Street Theatre on December 6,1939, transferred to the Royale Theatre on October 21,1940 and closed December 12,1940, after 408 performances. It was directed by Edgar MacGregor, choreographed by Robert Alton, with the orchestrations of Robert Russell Bennett and Ted Royal. The cast featured Bert Lahr as Louis Blore, Ethel Merman as May Daly, Betty Grable as Alice Barton, Benny Baker as Charley, Ronald Graham as Alex Barton, gypsy Rose Lee and Frances Williams later played the part of May Daly. The show opened in the West End at Her Majestys Theatre on 22 October 1942 and it was directed by Richard Bird. The cast featured Arthur Riscoe as Louis Blore, Frances Day as May Daly, Frances Marsden as Alice Barton, Jacky Hunter as Charley, Bruce Trent as Alex Barton, the show has been produced in concert form several times, in both the US and the UK. The two UK productions, in 1993 and 2001, were by the Discovering Lost Musicals Charitable Trust and featured Louise Gold as May Daly with Barry Cryer as Louis in 1993, the May 1993 production was at the Barbican Centre. The November 2001 concert was at Her Majestys Theatre, recorded for radio by the BBC, presented a staged concert in February 1996 with Robert Morse and Faith Prince. The song Give Him the Ooh-La-La was performed by Carol Burnett in one of her earliest TV appearances in 1956, the show later appeared on the BBC Radio with Louise Gold and Desmond Barrit singing the lead roles. In an early shared credit, the duo of Hugh Martin. Brooks Atkinson wrote in the New York Times review, Although Miss Merman is jaunty and Mr. Lahr is funny, the authors have struck a dead level of Broadway obscenity that does not yield much mirth. As the music-maker Mr. Porter has written a number of accomplished tunes in the idiom and one excellent romantic song. But the lyrics are no more inspired than the book, they treat all humor as middling, the performers supply more pleasure than the authors and composer

10.
Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre
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Jacobs Theatre, formerly called the Royale Theatre and the John Golden Theatre, is a Broadway theatre located at 242 West 45th Street in midtown Manhattan. Designed by architect Herbert J. Krapp, it opened as the Royale Theatre on January 11,1927, friedlander, Piggy had a weak script, but the popular comedian Sam Bernard played the starring role and carried the show for 79 performances. Bernard died soon after the show closed, producer John Golden leased the theatre and renamed it for himself from 1932 to 1937. The Shubert Organization then assumed ownership and initially leased the theatre to CBS Radio, in 1940, the Royale was restored to use as a legitimate theatre under its original name. On May 9,2005, it was renamed for longtime Shubert Organization president Bernard B, the production grossed $1,447,598 over nine performances, for the week ending December 30,2012. Jacobs Theatre at the Internet Broadway Database Bernard B, jacobs Theatre | PlaybillVault. com New York Theatre Guide

11.
Finian's Rainbow
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Finians Rainbow is a musical with a book by E. Y. Harburg and Fred Saidy, lyrics by Harburg, and music by Burton Lane, produced by Lee Sabinson. The original 1947 Broadway production ran for 725 performances, while a version was released in 1968. Finian moves to the southern United States from Ireland with his daughter Sharon, to bury a stolen pot of gold near Fort Knox, a leprechaun follows them, desperate to recover his treasure before the loss of it turns him permanently human. Complications arise when a bigoted and corrupt U. S, Senator gets involved, and when wishes are made inadvertently over the hidden crock. The Irish-tinged music score includes gospel and R&B influences, the play opens in Rainbow Valley, Missitucky, near Fort Knox, home of a mixture of black and white tobacco sharecroppers. The local sheriff and Buzz Collins, front man for local senator Billboard Rawkins, the sharecroppers want to wait for Woody Mahoney, their union leader. Woodys mute sister Susan the Silent, who communicates by dancing, with Henry, the Sheriff begins the auction, but the Sharecroppers refuse to listen and drag him and Collins off to meet Woody. As they leave, Finian McLonergan, an elderly Irishman, arrives with his daughter Sharon and they have come looking for Rainbow Valley, but Sharon misses their home in Ireland. Finian explains to Sharon that American millionaires convert their wealth into gold and he concludes it is the soil in Fort Knox that makes the USA rich, and reveals that he has a crock of gold stolen from a leprechaun, which he intends to bury. Woody and the sharecroppers reenter, and when Woody doesnt have enough money, Finian and Sharon are welcomed by the sharecroppers. Sharon explains her fathers philosophy of following the dream and that night, Finian buries the gold and marks the spot, only to be met by Og, the leprechaun he stole from. Without his gold, Og is slowly becoming mortal, and needs it back, Sharon and Woody come looking for Finian, but are soon distracted by the moonlight and each other. Senator Rawkins is buying up land to fight progressive developers and he is not upset with losing Rainbow Valley until two geologists arrive to tell him gold has been detected on it. He vows to drive Finian and the sharecroppers off, the next morning, Og meets Sharon and shyly confesses his feelings for her. Sharon is in love with Woody, however, and Finian slyly prevents Woody from leaving for New York by making him jealous, the sharecroppers celebrate their unofficial betrothal. Og arrives and tells Finian he loves Sharon and he also warns Finian not to make wishes near the gold - after three wishes, the gold will vanish forever. Og enlists the local children to find his gold, promising to get them anything from a magical catalogue. As the sharecroppers sort the tobacco leaves, Maude, one of their leaders, Senator Rawkins arrives informing Finian and the sharecroppers that, by living with black people, they are breaking the law and must leave

12.
Guys and Dolls
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Guys and Dolls is a musical with music and lyrics by Frank Loesser and book by Jo Swerling and Abe Burrows. The premiere on Broadway was in 1950 and it ran for 1200 performances and won the Tony Award for Best Musical. The musical has had several Broadway and London revivals, as well as a 1955 film adaptation starring Marlon Brando, Jean Simmons, Frank Sinatra, Guys and Dolls was selected as the winner of the 1951 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Guys and Dolls was conceived by producers Cy Feuer and Ernest Martin as an adaptation of Damon Runyons short stories and these stories, written in the 1920s and 1930s, concerned gangsters, gamblers, and other characters of the New York underworld. Runyon was known for the dialect he employed in his stories, mixing highly formal language. Frank Loesser, who had spent most of his career as a lyricist for movie musicals, was hired as composer, George S. Kaufman was hired as director. When the first version of the book, or dialogue, written by Jo Swerling was deemed unusable, Feuer. Loesser had already much of the score to correspond with the first version of the book. Burrows would recall as follows, Frank Loessers fourteen songs were all great, later on, the critics spoke of the show as integrated. The word integration usually means that the composer has written songs that follow the story line gracefully, well, we accomplished that but we did it in reverse. The character of Miss Adelaide was created specifically to fit Vivian Blaine into the musical, when Loesser suggested reprising some songs in the second act, Kaufman warned, If you reprise the songs, we’ll reprise the jokes. A pantomime of never-ceasing activities depicts the hustle and bustle of New York City, three small-time gamblers, Nicely-Nicely Johnson, Benny Southstreet, and Rusty Charlie, argue over which horse will win a big race. The band members of the Save-a-Soul Mission, led by the pious and beautiful Sergeant Sarah Brown, call for sinners to Follow the Fold, Nicely and Bennys employer, Nathan Detroit, runs an illegal floating crap game. Due to local policeman Lt. Brannigans strong-armed police activity, he has only one likely spot to hold the game. However, the owner, Joey Biltmore, requires a $1,000 security deposit, Nathan hopes to get $1,000 by winning a bet against Sky Masterson, a gambler willing to bet on virtually anything. Nathan proposes a bet which he believes he cannot lose, Sky must take a doll of Nathans choice to dinner in Havana, Sky agrees, and Nathan chooses Sarah Brown. At the mission, Sky claims he wants to be saved and he offers Sarah a deal, He will bring the mission one dozen genuine sinners if she will accompany him to Havana the next night. Sarah rebuffs him, telling him that she plans to fall in love with an upright, Sky replies that he plans on being surprised when he falls in love

13.
Eugene O'Neill Theatre
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The Eugene ONeill Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 230 West 49th Street in Midtown Manhattan. Designed by architect Herbert J. Krapp, it was built for the Shuberts as part of a complex named for 19th century tragedian Edwin Forrest. It opened on November 24,1925, with the musical Mayflowers as its premiere production, the venue was renamed the Coronet in 1945, with renovations by architects Walker & Gillette, then in 1959 rechristened the ONeill in honor of the American playwright by then-owner Lester Osterman. It later was purchased by playwright Neil Simon, who sold it to Jujamcyn Theaters in 1982,2011,8 2011–, The Book of Mormon The Book of Mormon achieved the box office record for the Eugene ONeill Theatre. The production grossed $2,161,225 over nine performances, Jujamcyn Theaters Eugene ONeill Theatre at the Internet Broadway Database

14.
Damn Yankees
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Damn Yankees is a musical comedy with a book by George Abbott and Douglass Wallop, music and lyrics by Richard Adler and Jerry Ross. The story is a retelling of the Faust legend set during the 1950s in Washington. It is based on Wallops novel The Year the Yankees Lost the Pennant, the show ran for 1,019 performances in its original 1955 Broadway production. Adler and Rosss success with it and The Pajama Game seemed to point to a future for them. The producers Frederick Brisson, Robert E. Griffith and Harold S, prince had decided that the lead actress for the part of Lola had to be a dancer. They offered the role to both the movie actress Mitzi Gaynor and ballet dancer Zizi Jeanmaire, each of whom turned down the role, although Gwen Verdon had sung just one song in her previous show, the producers were willing to take a chance on her. She initially refused, preferring to assist another choreographer, but finally agreed, choreographer Bob Fosse insisted on meeting her before working with her, and after meeting and working for a brief time, they each agreed to the arrangement. The show opened on Broadway at the 46th Street Theatre on May 5,1955, transferred to the Adelphi Theatre on May 17,1957, a West End production played at the London Coliseum beginning on March 28,1957, where it played for 258 performances. It starred Olympic skater Belita as Lola, but the Fosse choreography was alien to her style and it also starred Bill Kerr as Applegate, and Ivor Emmanuel as Joe Hardy. In the mid-1970s, Vincent Price starred as Applegate in summer stock productions of the show, in the late 1970s and early 1980s film actor Van Johnson did so in productions throughout the U. S. A. In July,1981, a production was performed at the Jones Beach Marine Theater in Wantagh and it was notable due to former New York Jets quarterback Joe Namath being cast in the role of Joe Boyd. A Broadway revival opened at the Marquis Theatre on March 3,1994, featured were Bebe Neuwirth as Lola and Victor Garber as Applegate. Garber was succeeded by Jerry Lewis, making his Broadway debut, on March 12,1995, jack OBrien directed, with choreography by Rob Marshall, assisted by his sister, Kathleen. OBrien is also credited with revisions to the book, the 1994 revival production opened in the West End at the Adelphi Theatre on June 4,1997 and closed on August 9,1997. Jerry Lewis reprised his role as Applegate, a revival was produced by the City Center Encores. Summer Stars series from July 5 to July 27,2008 and it starred Jane Krakowski as Lola, Sean Hayes as Applegate, Randy Graff as Meg, Megan Lawrence as Gloria Thorpe, PJ Benjamin as Joe Boyd, and Cheyenne Jackson as Joe Hardy. John Rando directed and the original Fosse choreography was reproduced by Mary MacLeod, given the substantial changes in the 1994 revival, this is considered by some the first authentic revival of the original production. Note, This is the plot of the 1994 Broadway revival of the show, for the film version, see Damn Yankees

15.
Adelphi Theatre (New York City)
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The Adelphi Theatre, originally named the Craig Theatre, opened on December 24,1928. The Adelphi was located at 152 West 54th Street in Manhattan, the theater was taken over by the Federal Theater Project in 1934 and renamed the Adelphi. The theater was renamed the Radiant Center by The Royal Fraternity of Master Metaphysicians in 1940 and it was then the Yiddish Arts Theater, and renamed the Adelphi Theater on April 20,1944, when it was acquired by the Shuberts. It became a DuMont Television Network studio, known as the Adelphi Tele-Theatre in the 1950s, the Classic 39 episodes of The Honeymooners were filmed in this facility by DuMont using their Electronicam system for broadcast on CBS later during the 1955–56 television season. The theater returned to use in 1957, was renamed the 54th Street Theater in 1958. The building was razed in 1970, after hosting several expensive flops, Hilton New York owned the property immediately west of the hotel and held it for expansion. In 1989 an office tower 1325 Avenue of the Americas was built on the site, the building uses its Hilton Sixth Avenue address although it is closer to Seventh Avenue. The two buildings are connected via a walkway, in popular culture the building is used for the exterior shot of Elaines office in Seinfeld. Revolt of the Beavers On the Town Around the World Street Scene The Honeymooners Damn Yankees Bye Bye Birdie 13 Daughters No Strings What Makes Sammy Run, any Wednesday Wait Until Dark Darling of the Day Musical theater star William Gaxton referred to it as the dump of dumps. It was usually the house that long-running Broadway hits moved to for the weeks or months of their runs. The last musical to play there was the one-performance flop Gantry starring Robert Shaw & Rita Moreno, No Strings and On The Town moved to more centrally located theaters as soon as possible

16.
Redhead (musical)
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Redhead is a musical with music composed by Albert Hague and lyrics by Dorothy Fields, who with her brother, Herbert, along with Sidney Sheldon and David Shaw wrote the book/libretto. Set in London in the 1880s, around the time of Jack the Ripper, Herbert and Dorothy Fields wrote the musical, then titled The Works for Beatrice Lillie. When Sidney Sheldon joined the team, it was rewritten for Gwen Verdon. Verdon took the lead on the condition that Bob Fosse would be the director as well as choreographer, according to Stanley Green, Verdon was at the time contracted with producers Robert Fryer and Lawrence Carr to appear in a musical written by David Shaw. The producers resolved this conflict by producing Redhead and bringing Shaw in as one of the writers, Redhead opened on Broadway at the 46th Street Theatre on February 5,1959, and closed on March 19,1960, after 452 performances. Production design was by Rouben Ter-Arutunian and lighting design was by Jean Rosenthal, the cast starred Verdon and Richard Kiley. The show won the Tony Award for Best Musical, the musical ran in a brief US tour after closing on Broadway, starring Verdon and Kiley. The tour started at the Shubert Theatre, Chicago in March 1960 and ended at the Curran Theatre, San Francisco, California, the Costa Mesa Playhouse in Costa Mesa, California known for mounting lesser-known, unique, and obscure musicals presented Redhead in June 1981. The musical revival group 42nd Street Moon in San Francisco, presented a concert of Redhead from September 2 to 20,1998. The Goodspeed Opera House, Connecticut, presented the musical from September to December 1998, directed by Christopher Ashley, the cast featured Valerie Wright as Essie, Timothy Warmen, Marilyn Cooper, and Carol Morley. In late January and early February 2015, Theatre West in Hollywood, California presented benefit concert performances of Redhead and they show the murder of Ruth LaRue, an American chorus girl, at the museum. They are visited by the murdered womens co-workers and by Inspector White of Scotland Yard, notable among them is Tom Baxter, a Strong Man. Essie, attracted to Tom, makes up a story about knowing who the killer is and she hides in Toms show, and is turned into a Redhead

17.
1776 (musical)
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1776 is a musical with music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards and a book by Peter Stone. The story is based on the surrounding the signing of the Declaration of Independence. It dramatizes the efforts of John Adams to persuade his colleagues to vote for American independence and it premiered on Broadway in 1969, earning warm reviews, and ran for 1,217 performances. The production was nominated for five Tony Awards and won three, including the Tony Award for Best Musical, in 1972 it was made into a film adaptation. It was revived on Broadway in 1997, in 1925, Rodgers and Hart had written a musical about the American Revolution, called Dearest Enemy. Edwards recounted that I wanted to show at their outermost limits and these men were the cream of their colonies. They disagreed and fought each other. But they understood commitment, and though they fought, they fought affirmatively, producer Stuart Ostrow recommended that librettist Peter Stone collaborate with Edwards on the book of the musical. Stone recalled, The minute you heard, you knew what the show was. You knew immediately that John Adams and the others were not going to be treated as gods or cardboard characters, chopping down trees and flying kites with strings. It had this very affectionate familiarity, it wasnt reverential, Adams, the outspoken delegate from Massachusetts, was chosen as the central character, and his quest to persuade all 13 colonies to vote for independence became the central conflict. Stone confined nearly all of the action to Independence Hall and the debate among the delegates, after tryouts in New Haven, Conn. and Washington, the show opened on Broadway at the 46th Street Theatre on March 16,1969. NOTE, The show can be performed in one or two acts, on May 8,1776, in Philadelphia, as the Second Continental Congress proceeds with its business. John Adams, the widely disliked delegate from Massachusetts, is frustrated, the other delegates, too preoccupied by the rising heat, implore him to sit down. Adams response is that Congress has done nothing for the last year and he reads the latest missive to his loving wife Abigail, who appears in his imagination. He asks if she and the women are making saltpeter for the war effort but she ignores him and states the women have a more urgent problem. They bicker about it until Adams gives in and they pledge their love to each other, later that day, Adams finds delegate Benjamin Franklin outside. Adams bemoans the failure of his arguments for independence, Franklin suggests that a resolution for independence would have more success if proposed by someone else

18.
St. James Theatre
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The St. James Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 246 W. 44th St. in New York City. It was built by Abraham L. Erlanger, theatrical producer and it opened in 1927 as The Erlanger. Upon Erlangers death in 1930, control of the venue was taken over by the Astor family, the Astors renamed it the St. James Theatre. The theatre was taken over by the Shuberts in 1941 and they were forced to sell it to William L. McKnight in 1957 following the loss of an antitrust case. McKnight renovated the St. James and reopened it in 1958, in 1970, McKnight then transferred the theatre to his daughter Virginia and her husband James H. Binger, who had formed Jujamcyn Theaters. The St. James Theatre is expected to undergo renovations to extend its stage by 10 feet into the alley between the Helen Hayes Theatre and the St. James and this is part of a surge in Broadway theatre renovations. The bigger stage is expected to accommodate the 2018 Broadway run of the Disney musical Frozen, merry Malones - Inaugural Production 1931–33,1942 and 1951 seasons of Gilbert and Sullivan Thumbs Up. The King and I The Pajama Game Lil Abner Flower Drum Song Becket Do Re Mi Hello, two Gentlemen of Verona Vieux Carré On the Twentieth Century Carmelina Barnum Rock N Roll. The First 5,000 Years My One and Only The Secret Garden The Whos Tommy A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum High Society Swing, the Producers Dr. Seuss How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Present Laughter Frozen In April and May,2013, film director Alejandro González Iñárritu spent 30 days shooting his film Birdman almost entirely within the St. James Theatre and its environs. The film depicts the production of a Broadway show during its preview nights and premiere, and utilizes the theatres stage, lobby, the theatre features in the opening montage of Woody Allens Manhattan, his love letter to New York City. St. James Theatre is also shown in the season 4 finale of Curb Your Enthusiasm when Larry David and David Schwimmer star in the Broadway version of The Producers. There is also a scene on the street in front of the theatre in which Larry David gets into a confrontation with a tourist played by Stephen Colbert, the Theatre is also referenced and used in NBCs Smash in a number of episodes. Jujamcyn Theaters St. James Theatre at the Internet Broadway Database Telecharge. com - Official Ticket Website NYC Theatre - Unofficial Ticket Website St. James Theatre Unofficial Site

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Majestic Theatre (Broadway)
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The Majestic Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 245 West 44th Street in midtown Manhattan. It is one of the largest Broadway theatres with 1,645 seats, among the notable shows that have premiered at the Majestic are Carousel, South Pacific, The Music Man, Camelot, A Little Night Music, and The Wiz. It was also the home of 42nd Street and the third home of 1776. The theatre has housed The Phantom of the Opera since it opened on January 26,1988, with a record-breaking 12,139 performances to date, it is currently the longest-running production in Broadway history. Designed by architect Herbert J. Krapp, the present-day Majestic was constructed by the Chanin Brothers as part of an entertainment complex including the John Golden Theatre, jacobs Theatre, and the Milford Plaza hotel. It opened on March 28,1927 with the musical Rufus LeMaires Affairs, the Majestic was purchased by the Shubert brothers during the Great Depression and currently is owned and operated by the Shubert Organization. Both the interior and exterior were designated New York City landmarks in 1987, the Magnificent Musical Magic Show, Brigadoon 1981, 42nd Street 1988, The Phantom of the Opera The Phantom of the Opera achieved the box office record for the Majestic Theatre. The production grossed $1,843,296 over nine performances, for the week ending December 29,2013, New York, Dover Publications ISBN 0-486-40244-4 Official website New York Theatre Guide Majestic Theatre at the Internet Broadway Database Postcard pictures of the Majestic Google Maps

20.
Raisin (musical)
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Raisin is a musical theatre adaptation of the Lorraine Hansberry play A Raisin in the Sun, with songs by Judd Woldin and Robert Brittan, and a book by Robert Nemiroff and Charlotte Zaltzberg. The story concerns an African-American family in Chicago in 1951, the musical was nominated for nine Tony Awards, winning two, including Best Musical, and the Broadway production ran for 847 performances. In Chicago in 1951, an African-American family, Ruth Younger, her husband Walter Lee Younger, their son Travis, Walter is a chauffeur but thinks that his fathers life insurance policy proceeds will buy a way to a better life. He plans on buying a liquor store, but his mother Mama Lena Younger is against the selling of liquor, tensions arise as Walter tries to convince Mama Lena to forget her dream of buying the family its own small house. Walter decides to make the deal for the store and signs the papers with his partners Bobo Jones. Beneatha Younger, Walters sister, is in college and is involved with an African exchange student. When Walter comes home drunk he joins Beneatha in a celebratory dance, Ruth and Walter fight about their future but they reconcile. Mama arrives to announce that she has bought a house in the neighborhood of Clybourne Park. Walter has not returned home and Mama finds him in a bar and she apologizes and gives him an envelope filled with money. She asks him to deposit $3,000 for Beneathas college education, as the family packs to move, a representative of Clybourne Park, Karl Lindner, arrives and offers to buy back the house. Walter, Ruth and Beneatha mockingly tell Mama of the attitude of their new neighbors. Just then Bobo arrives to tell the family the bad news that Willie has run off with the money and this forces Walter to contact Lindner and accept the offer to buy back the house. Although Beneatha berates her brother for not standing up for principles, Mama shows compassion, when Lindner arrives, Walter announces that the family will, after all, move to the new house. Ruth Younger — Ernestine Jackson Travis Younger — Ralph Carter Mrs. C and it premiered on Broadway at the 46th Street Theatre on October 18,1973, transferred to the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on January 13,1975, and closed on December 8,1975 after 847 performances. Johnson, and Ted Ross as Bobo, capers later starred in the national tour. The production won the Tony Award for Best Musical, the Long Beach Performing Arts Center in Long Beach, California presented the musical in February and March 2003. The Court Theatre in Chicago staged the musical from September 14 through October 22,2006, the cast included Ernestine Jackson, who formerly had played Ruth, in the role of Lena Younger. In reviewing a performance in Washington, Clive Barnes of The New York Times called it a warm, in his review of the Broadway production, Barnes noted that the book of the musical is perhaps even better than the play

21.
Chicago (musical)
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Chicago is an American musical with music by John Kander, lyrics by Fred Ebb, and a book by Ebb and Bob Fosse. Set in Prohibition-era Chicago, the musical is based on a 1926 play of the name by reporter Maurine Dallas Watkins about actual criminals. The story is a satire on corruption in the administration of criminal justice, the original Broadway production opened in 1975 at the 46th Street Theatre and ran for 936 performances until 1977. Bob Fosse choreographed the production, and his style is strongly identified with the show. Following a West End debut in 1979 which ran for 600 performances, Chicago was revived on Broadway in 1996, the Broadway revival holds the record as the longest-running musical revival and the longest-running American musical in Broadway history. It is the second longest-running show in Broadway history, behind only The Phantom of the Opera, having played its 7, 486th performance on November 23,2014, surpassing Cats. The West End revival ran for nearly 15 years, becoming the longest-running American musical in West End history, the 2002 film version of the musical won the Academy Award for Best Picture. In the early 1920s, Chicagos press and public became riveted by the subject of homicides committed by women, several high-profile cases arose, which generally involved women killing their lovers or husbands. These cases were tried against a backdrop of changing views of women in the Jazz age, a lore arose that, in Chicago, feminine or attractive women could not be convicted. The Chicago Tribune generally took a pro-prosecution hang-them-high stance, while presenting the details of these womens lives. Regardless of stance, the press covered several of these women as celebrities, Annan, the model for the character of Roxie Hart, was 23 when she was accused of the April 3,1924, murder of Harry Kalstedt. The Tribune reported that Annan played the foxtrot record Hula Lou over and over for two hours before calling her husband to say she killed a man who tried to love to her. She was found not guilty on May 25,1924, Velma Kelly is based on Gaertner, who was a cabaret singer, and society divorcée. The body of Walter Law was discovered slumped over the wheel of Gaertners abandoned car on March 12,1924. Two police officers testified that they had seen a woman getting into the car, a bottle of gin and an automatic pistol were found on the floor of the car. Gaertner was acquitted on June 6,1924, lawyers William Scott Stewart and W. W. OBrien were models for a composite character in Chicago, Billy Flynn. Watkins sensational columns documenting these trials proved so popular that she decided to write a play based on them, the show received both popular and critical acclaim and even made it to Broadway in 1926, running for 172 performances. DeMille produced a silent film version, Chicago, starring former Mack Sennett bathing beauty Phyllis Haver as Roxie Hart and it was later remade as Roxie Hart starring Ginger Rogers, but, in this version, Roxie was accused of murder without having really committed it

22.
The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas
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The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas is a musical with a book by Texas author Larry L. King and Peter Masterson and music and lyrics by Carol Hall. It is based on a story by King that was inspired by the real-life Chicken Ranch in La Grange, the Best Little Whorehouse in Texas opened on Broadway at the 46th Street Theatre on June 19,1978 and ran for 1,584 performances. The production was directed by Peter Masterson and Tommy Tune and choreographed by Tune, the opening cast included Carlin Glynn, Henderson Forsythe, Jay Garner, Joan Ellis, Delores Hall, and Pamela Blair. Glynn was replaced by Fannie Flagg and Anita Morris later in the run, alexis Smith starred as Miss Mona in the National Company, which toured major cities for more than a year, ending with a seven-month run in Los Angeles. In what was described as an engagement, the show opened on Broadway at the Eugene ONeill Theatre on May 31,1982. The cast featured Glynn and Hall, the West End production opened at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on February 26,1981, again starring Glynn and Forsythe. A short-lived sequel entitled The Best Little Whorehouse Goes Public was staged on Broadway in 1994, the Aggie Song was performed on the Tony Awards broadcast, but was heavily censored because of the nature of the lyrics and choreography. A U. S. National Tour starring Ann-Margret opened on February 14,2001, a benefit concert took place on October 16,2006, to benefit the Actors Fund. The concert was directed by Mark S. Hoebee and choreographed by Denis Jones, the cast included Terrence Mann, Emily Skinner, and Jennifer Hudson. Ensemble members included Jarred Page, Sasi Strallen, Katy Streader, Frankie Jenna, Patrick George, the production was directed by Paul Taylor-Mills. A Broadway revival, with direction and choreography from Rob Ashford, was reportedly in the works in 2015 and it is the late 1970s, and a brothel has been operating outside of fictional Gilbert, Texas, for more than a century. It is under the proprietorship of Miss Mona Stangley, having left to her by the original owner. While taking care of her girls, she is also on good terms with the local sheriff, when crusading television reporter Melvin P. Thorpe decides to make the illegal activity an issue, political ramifications cause the place to be closed down. Vocal selections from The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, King, Larry L. and Masterson, Peter. The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, music and lyrics by Carol Hall. New York, N. Y. S. French,1978, ISBN 0-670-15919-0 The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, original cast. Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, New cast recording, Best Little Whorehouse in Texas at the Internet Broadway Database Licensing Information from Samuel French, Inc. Plot summary & character descriptions from StageAgent. com The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas at the Internet Movie Database

23.
Nine (musical)
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Nine is a musical, initially created and written by Maury Yeston as a class-project in Lehman Engels BMI Music Theatre Workshop in 1973. It was later developed with a book by Mario Fratti, and then again with a book by Arthur Kopit, music, the story is based also on Federico Fellinis semi-autobiographical film 8½. The original Broadway production opened in 1982 and ran for 729 performances, the musical won five Tony Awards, including Best Musical, and has enjoyed a number of revivals. Yeston began to work on the musical in 1973, as a teenager, he had seen the Fellini film and was intrigued by its themes. I looked at the screen and said Thats me, I still believed in all the dreams and ideals of what it was to be an artist, and here was a movie about an artist in trouble. It became an obsession, Yeston told the New York Times and he would go on to say Nine was the thing I really desperately wanted to write—never thinking for a minute that it would ever be produced. The movie had a impact on me when I saw it as a teenager when it first came out. I was fascinated with Guido who was going through a second adolescence when I was going through my first, as I grew I began to realize that there was room to explore the reactions of the inner workings of the women in Guido’s wake. I think that’s what opened the gateways of creativity for Nine—to hear from these extraordinary women. The great secret of Nine is that it took 8 1/2 and became an essay on the power of women by answering the question, “What are women to men. ”And Nine tells you, they are our mothers, our sisters, our teachers, our temptresses, our judges, our nurses, our wives, our mistresses, our muses. Kopits new book, along with Yestons now completed score, became the script that was produced on Broadway in 1982. Fellini had entitled his film 8½ in recognition of his body of work. Yestons title for the adaptation adds another half-credit to Fellinis output. Yeston called the musical Nine, explaining that if you add music to 8½, as it turns out, it is the same crisis. Luisas efforts to talk to him seem to be drowned out by voices in his head, voices of women in his life, speaking through the walls of his memory, insistent, flirtatious, irresistible, potent. And these are the women Guido has loved, and from whom he has derived the entire vitality of a creative life, as Guido struggles to find a story for his film, he becomes increasingly preoccupied—his interior world sometimes becoming indistinguishable from the objective world. And all the while, Luisa watches, the resilience of her love being consumed by anxiety for him, back into the present, Guido is on a beach once more. With him, Claudia Nardi, a star, muse of his greatest successes, who has flown from Paris because he needs her

24.
Fences (play)
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Fences is a 1985 play by American playwright August Wilson. Set in the 1950s, it is the sixth in Wilsons ten-part Pittsburgh Cycle, like all of the Pittsburgh plays, Fences explores the evolving African-American experience and examines race relations, among other themes. The play won the 1987 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and the 1987 Tony Award for Best Play, the play was first developed at the Eugene ONeill Theater Centers 1983 National Playwrights Conference and premiered at the Yale Repertory Theatre in 1985. The focus of Wilsons attention in Fences is Troy, a 53-year-old head of household who struggles with providing for his family, the play takes place in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, although never officially named it makes mention of several key locations in Pittsburgh. Troy was an excellent player in Negro league baseball in his younger days, because the color barrier had not yet been broken in Major League Baseball, Troy was unable to get into that league to make good money or to save for the future. He now lives a menial, though respectable life of trash collecting, later in the play, he crosses the race barrier. Troy lives with his wife, Rose, his son, Cory, and his younger brother Gabriel, Gabe had received $3000 from the government, and Troy took this money to purchase a home for his family, including a room for Gabe. A short time before the opening, Gabriel has rented a room elsewhere. Lyons is Troys son from a marriage, and lives outside the home. Bono is Troys best friend and co-worker, the play begins on payday, with Troy and Bono drinking and talking. Troys character is revealed through his speech about how he went up to their boss, Mr. Rand, and asked why black men are not allowed to drive garbage trucks, Rose and Lyons join in the conversation. Lyons, a musician, has come to borrow money from Troy, confident that he will receive it, and promises to pay him back because his girlfriend Bonnie just got a job. Troy, who is a believer in responsibility, belittles his son because he refuses to find a real job as Troy did rather than pursuing his dream of becoming a musician. Cory tells Troy and Rose about an opportunity for a football scholarship. Troy tells Cory he will not let his son play football for fear of racial discrimination, father and son argue about Troys actions, but Troy stubbornly does not back down from his argument and sends Cory to his room. Later on, it is discovered that Troy told Corys coach that his son is no longer to play football, when Cory discovers of this, he and Troy get into a fight resulting in Troys kicking Cory out of his house. Later, it is revealed that Cory enlisted in the military after this event, Troy admits to Rose that he has been having an affair and that his mistress, Alberta, is pregnant. Troy brings his baby daughter Raynell home, and Rose agrees to raise the girl as her own and she remains in the family home but the couple are estranged, she refuses to accept Troy back into her life

25.
Lost in Yonkers
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Lost in Yonkers is a play by Neil Simon. The play won the 1991 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, brooklyn,1942, Evelyn Kurnitz has just died following a lengthy illness. After a threat by Bella, she lets them stay without ever saying they could stay, into their collective lives returns one of Eddie and Bellas other siblings, Louie Kurnitz, a henchman for some gangsters. He is hiding out from Hollywood Harry, who wants what Louie stole and is hiding in his black bag. Jay and Artys mission becomes how to make money fast so that they can help their father and move back in together, and Louies mission is to survive the next couple of days. Jay, He is fifteen and a years old. He insists on the and a half, the death of his mother forces him to be more mature than he is ready to be when his father leaves him and his younger brother with his family so he can sell scrap iron during World War Two. The play tells his coming-of-age story, originally played on Broadway by Jamie Marsh. Arty, Jays younger brother, he is 13 and a years old. More of an observer than the rest of his family, he goes with the flow of things. Originally played on Broadway by Danny Gerard and she is sometimes a bit off-center and is mentally challenged, but despite this she is also loving and protective of her nephews. Much of the half of the play focuses on her attempts at independence from her stern mother. Originally played on Broadway by Mercedes Ruehl, Louie, Jays flamboyant, jovial uncle, in his late 30s, who comes to live with the family when he is hiding from the local mob. He is considered by Grandma Kurnitz to be the survivor of the family and he has a strong, mercurial nature, and a certain underlying dark side, which the kids uncover in the second act of the play. He works as a bag-man for the mob, originally played on Broadway by Kevin Spacey. A very old and stern woman, an immigrant from Germany, owing to her harsh childhood, she has always been very intolerant of what in others she calls weaknesses. She is blunt, sometimes even in a way. Originally played on Broadway by Irene Worth, after the death of his wife, he is forced to send his two sons to live with their grandmother, while he repays his large financial debts

26.
Shubert Theatre (New York City)
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The Shubert Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 225 West 44th Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Designed by architect Henry Beaumont Herts, it was named after Sam S. Shubert and it shares a Venetian Renaissance facade with the adjoining Booth Theatre, which was constructed at the same time, although the two have distinctly different interiors. The two theatres are connected by a private road/sidewalk, Shubert Alley and it opened on October 2,1913 with Hamlet, starring Sir John. Forbes-Robertson followed by the October 21,1913 opening of the George Bernard Shaw play, Caesar and Cleopatra, the theatres longest tenant was A Chorus Line, which ran for 6,137 performances from 1975 to 1990 and set the record for longest running show in Broadway history. Later long runs have included Crazy for You, Chicago, Spamalot, Memphis, the theatre has also been a recurring venue for the Tony Awards. The top floor of the houses the offices of the Shubert Organization. The theatres auditorium and murals were restored in 1996 and it has been designated a New York City landmark. The Pajama Game, Bells Are Ringing 1959 Take Me Along 1961, Bye Bye Birdie 1962, I Can Get It for You Wholesale, Stop the World - I Want to Get Off 1963, Heres Love 1964, Oliver. The theatre is featured in the 1950 Academy Award winning film All About Eve. In the 2005 film version of Mel Brookss The Producers, the musicals Funny Boy, Springtime for Hitler, in the NBC show Smash, the show Heaven On Earth is playing at the Shubert Theater. In the Family Guy episode Brians Play, Stewie Griffins play, Shubert Theatre at the Internet Broadway Database The Shubert Organization Broadway Show Guide

27.
Ambassador Theatre (New York City)
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The Ambassador Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 219 West 49th Street between Broadway and 8th Avenue in Midtown Manhattan. Designed by architect Herbert J. Krapp for the Shuberts, the structure is noteworthy in that it is situated diagonally on its site to fit the maximum number of seats possible. Its external appearance, indistinguishable from many other Broadway houses, does not hint at the unusual layout within, the building has been designated a New York City landmark. The theatre opened on February 11,1921, with the musical The Rose Girl, in 1956, the Shuberts assumed ownership again and returned it to strictly legitimate use. Morgan 2001, A Class Act, Hedda Gabler 2002, Topdog/Underdog 2003–current, Chicago Media related to Ambassador Theatre at Wikimedia Commons Ambassador Theatre at the Internet Broadway Database

28.
Steel Pier
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The Steel Pier is a 1, 000-foot-long amusement pier in Atlantic City, New Jersey, across The Boardwalk from Trump Taj Mahal. Begun in 1898, it has one of the most popular entertainment venues in the United States for the first seven decades of the twentieth century, with concerts, exhibits. It billed itself as the Showplace of the Nation and at its peak measured 2,298 feet, the pier was owned by Trump Entertainment Resorts for two decades until 2011, when it was sold to the Catanoso Family under the Steel Pier Associates, LLC name. The Catanosos previously leased the pier to operate the amusement park before the sale, Steel Pier continues to operate as an amusement pier, and is one of the most successful family-oriented attractions in the city. The pier was built by the Steel Pier Company and opened on June 18,1898 and it was built on iron pilings, using a concrete understructure with steel girders. In 1904, a washed away part of Steel Pier. Future mayor of Atlantic City Edward L. Bader, and his company and his success with that job led to more work for him in Atlantic City. In 1924, a fire caused significant damage to the pier, frank Gravatt purchased the pier the following year and renovated it. He was called the salt water Barnum by the local newspaper, the pier hosted dance bands, three movie theaters, exhibits, operas, childrens shows, a water circus, stunts and other attractions. He signed John Philip Sousa for a series of annual concerts, the General Motors Exhibit opened in 1926, continuing through 1933, when it was replaced by Ford. From 1935 through 1938, Steel Pier was where Miss America was crowned and it was described as An Amusement City at Sea and A Vacation in Itself. Diana Ross and The Supremes played week-long engagements during the summer in 1965,1966 and 1967, to business in the Steel Piers Music Hall Theater. Theres Always a Good Show on Steel Pier was another phrase used to describe the venues varied entertainment, in 1945, the pier was purchased by George Hamid, who operated the competing Million Dollar Pier. He brought popular and rock and roll music to the pier starting with Bill Haley, parts of the pier were damaged or lost during the Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962. The Beatles were booked in 1964, but overwhelming demand for tickets forced them to move to Boardwalk Hall, the pier used to be much longer, but a December 1969 fire six months before the opening of the 1970 season shortened its size by about a third. By the end of the 1960s, the pier was feeling the effects of declining tourism in Atlantic City, the pier was sold to a group of local businessmen in 1973. After gambling was legalized, a developer proposed turning the pier into a hotel-casino, however, the necessary governmental approvals could not be obtained, and the pier was sold to Resorts International in 1978, which mainly used the pier for storage. The original wooden pier with steel underpinnings was destroyed in a 1982 fire, Trump Entertainment acquired ownership of the pier when it acquired the Trump Taj Mahal in the late 1980s

29.
Side Show
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Side Show is a musical by Bill Russell and Henry Krieger based on the lives of Daisy and Violet Hilton, conjoined twins who became famous stage performers in the 1930s. The musical opened on Broadway on October 16,1997, Robert Longbottom directed and choreographed, and the cast starred Emily Skinner as Daisy and Alice Ripley as Violet. Despite receiving some positive reviews, the show closed on January 3,1998 after 91 performances, the show has been revived in many regional productions. Side Show was revived on Broadway during the 2014–2015 season, closing on January 4,2015. The Boss, the ringmaster of a sideshow, introduces the exhibits, the lady, a geek, the Cannibal King, the seraglio of a Hashemite sheik, and, lastly, his star attraction. Buddy Foster, a musician, brings Terry Connor, a talent scout for the Orpheum Circuit, to see the Siamese twins. Coerced ominously in by the Boss, Buddy thinks he could help create an act. The two men interrupt a birthday party for the girls, Terry asks their names and they respond, Im Daisy and Im Violet. He then asks them their dreams, Violet, the gentler of the two, wants a life of a husband and home, Daisy, on the other hand, seeks fame. Terry tells them he wants to help their dreams come true, after the Boss rudely refuses Terrys offer to be cut in on the twins potential vaudeville career, Terry devises a scheme whereby Buddy will teach the girls a song. Two weeks later, Terry returns to see the twins perform, before their secret late-night performance, the twins confess to each other how infatuated they are with the two men whove come into their lives. The Hilton Sisters secret debut is a great success, but the Boss discovers the subterfuge and physically threatens the twins when they tell him theyre leaving the sideshow. Jake comes to their rescue and the other attractions threaten to leave also, Daisy, Violet and Jake, whom Terry has invited to help backstage on the twins tour, bid farewell to their sideshow family. Its time for the twins first public performance, and Terry invites a group of reporters together before the show, before their vaudeville debut, the twins argue about their different ways of expressing interest in men. Onstage they sing We Share Everything in a number featuring them as queens of ancient Egypt. After the twins performing triumph, Terry and Buddy shower them with kisses, hostile reporters ask tough questions about the girls love life. Terry and Buddy deny any romantic inclinations, leaving the twins to wonder if they ever find romantic fulfillment. The second act opens with the Hilton Sisters at the height of their success - a Follies-style production number, daisys dream of stardom has come true but Violet seems no closer to her dream of finding a husband

30.
Footloose (musical)
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Footloose is a 1998 musical based on the 1984 film of the same name. The music is by Tom Snow, the lyrics by Dean Pitchford, Ren McCormack, an ordinary city teenager, is in a dance club in Chicago, dancing off his stresses born of his long and arduous eight-hour work day. Once there, Ren and Ethel attend church and get their first glimpse of the minister Shaw Moore a conservative minister who is a big authority figure in the town. While they embrace, Moore shows up and catches Chuck with his hands around his daughter, Ren tells Willard about the dancing he used to do in Chicago. Willard defends Ren, saying that he is new in town, after the principal leaves, Rusty, who is madly in love with Willard, tells him how brave he is to have stood up to the principal on Rens behalf. They then warn him to lie low unless he wants to get even more trouble than he already is. Ariel returns home to a disgruntled Shaw, who ignores her despite her repeated attempts to engage conversation with him. Exasperated, she leaves the room in a huff, leaving Moore and Vi, his wife, Ethel, fed up with the groundless suspicion that Ren is forced to suffer as the new kid, commiserates alongside Vi. They are joined by Ariel, and lament how no one listens to them. After school that day, several of the go to the Burger Blast. Ariel, Rusty and their friends are doing homework at a table while Willard talks to Ren, when Ren takes Ariels order, she flirts with him. Willard warns Ren that Chuck Cranston would not be happy if Ren were to become involved with Ariel, Ren then proceeds to question Willard about his relationship with Rusty, to which Willard proclaims that he thinks she is very good-looking, but is confused by her non-stop talking. Ariel is talking with her friends about how she wants to find a decent guy, Chuck shows up in a fury and starts to yell at Ariel. Ren and Willard come to her defense, but it is Betty Blast, the owner of the restaurant, after Ren gets off work, Ariel takes him to her secret place beneath the train tracks where she discusses her hatred of Bomont. Unbeknownst to them, Chuck witnesses the pair together, afterwards, Ren walks her home, catching Moore and Vi by surprise, as they had believed that Ariel was at home in her room all the while. An irritated Shaw then sternly orders Ariel to cease her visits with him, at school the next day, Ren shows up late to gym class with Ariel and Willard and explains to the teacher that he was jumped by Chuck, but the teacher wont listen. Ren laments that the citizens of Bomont are so wound up, muttering that at least in Chicago, Willard tells Ren that he is insane, but Ren wont listen and reveals his plan to all of the students, eventually winning them over. Word catches on to Moore, who, as the one responsible for banning it to begin with, is determined to do anything within his power to ensure that it not happen

31.
Seussical
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Seussical is a musical by Lynn Ahrens and Stephen Flaherty based on the stories of Dr. Seuss that debuted on Broadway in 2000. The plays story is an amalgamation of many of Seusss most famous books. After a Broadway run, the production spawned two US national tours and a UK tour and it has become a beloved classic for schools, communities, and regional theatres. In a reading in New York City, Eric Idle played the Cat in the Hat, in the Toronto workshop in 1999, coordinated by Livent Inc. Andrea Martin played the Cat in the Hat, direction was by Frank Galati with choreography by Kathleen Marshall. The musical had its tryout in Boston, Massachusetts at the Colonial Theatre in September 2000. Seussical opened on Broadway at the Richard Rodgers Theatre on November 30,2000, directed by Frank Galati with choreography by Kathleen Marshall, though uncredited, Kathleen Marshalls brother Rob Marshall was hired to direct the show when it returned from Boston to Broadway. The original Broadway cast included David Shiner as the Cat in the Hat, Kevin Chamberlin as Horton, throughout the run, there were many celebrity Cat in the Hat replacements, including Rosie ODonnell and Cathy Rigby. The production received lukewarm reviews, with focusing on the huge cast of characters. The Broadway production closed on May 20,2001, after 198 performances and 34 previews, following the Broadway production, there were two US National tours. The first, in 2002–03, starred Cathy Rigby, and the second toured in 2003–04, the script for the first tour was extensively reworked after the poor showing on Broadway. This resulted in the removal or reworking of several songs, the biggest change involves Jojo, who is initially an anonymous boy who thinks up The Cat in the Hat when he finds a strange hat at center stage. The Cat helps the boy create the Seussian universe and the rest of the story, the Cat later shoves the boy into the story, making him play the role of Jojo. There is also additional dialogue, as well as the deletion of some songs and it is this version of the musical that is currently rented by the leasing company, and has enjoyed some success in regional and childrens theater companies. This production was downscaled for the National Tour, which took its bow in Spring 2014. Seussical opened on the West End at the Arts Theatre on December 4,2012, by Sell a Door Theatre Company based in Greenwich, London. Produced by David Hutchinson and Phillip Rowntree and directed by Phillip Rowntree, designed by Richard Evans and it has been announced that Seussical will once again return to the Arts Theatre in the Christmas of 2013, once again produced by Sell A Door Theatre Company. A production of the musical, directed by Thom Allison, was staged at the Young Peoples Theatre in November,2016

32.
Private Lives
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Private Lives is a 1930 comedy of manners in three acts by Noël Coward. It concerns a couple who, while honeymooning with their new spouses. Despite a perpetually stormy relationship, they realise that they still have feelings for each other and its second act love scene was nearly censored in Britain as too risqué. Coward wrote one of his most popular songs, Some Day Ill Find You, after touring the British provinces, the play opened the new Phoenix Theatre in London in 1930, starring Coward, Gertrude Lawrence, Adrianne Allen and Laurence Olivier. A Broadway production followed in 1931, and the play has been revived at least a dozen times each in the West End. Directors of new productions have included John Gielgud, Howard Davies, the play was made into a 1931 film and has been adapted several times for television and radio. Coward was in the middle of an extensive Asian tour when he contracted influenza in Shanghai and he spent the better part of his two-week convalescence sketching out the play and then completed the actual writing of the piece in only four days. He immediately cabled Gertrude Lawrence in New York to ask her to keep autumn 1930 free to appear in the play. After spending a few more weeks revising it, he typed the final draft in the Peninsula Hotel in Kowloon and sent copies to Lawrence and his producer and manager, wilson, with instructions to cable him with their reactions. Coward received no fewer than 30 telegrams from Lawrence about the play and she first said that she had read the play and there was nothing wrong with it that cant be fixed. Coward wired back curtly that the thing that was going to be fixed was her performance. Lawrence was indecisive about what to do about her previous commitment to André Charlot, Coward finally responded that he planned to cast the play with another actress. By the time he returned to London, he found Lawrence not only had cleared her schedule but was staying at Edward Molyneuxs villa in Cap-dAil in southeastern France learning her lines, Coward joined her, and the two began rehearsing the scenes they shared. At the end of July they returned to London where Coward began to direct the production, Coward played the part of Elyot Chase himself, Adrianne Allen was his bride Sybil, Lawrence played Amanda Prynne, and Laurence Olivier was her new husband Victor. Coward wrote Sybil and Victor as minor characters, extra puppets, lightly wooden ninepins, only to be knocked down. Rehearsals were still under way when the Lord Chamberlain took exception to the second act love scene, the play contains one of Cowards most popular songs, Some Day Ill Find You. The Noël Coward Societys website, drawing on performing statistics from the publishers, act 1 Following a brief courtship, Elyot and Sybil are honeymooning at an hotel in Deauville, although her curiosity about his first marriage is not helping his romantic mood. In the adjoining suite, Amanda and Victor are starting their new life together, Elyot and Amanda separately beg their new spouses to leave the hotel with them immediately, but both new spouses refuse to co-operate and each storms off to dine alone

33.
Movin' Out (musical)
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Movin Out is a jukebox musical featuring the songs of Billy Joel. Conceived by Twyla Tharp, the tells the story of a generation of American youth growing up on Long Island during the 1960s. The principal characters are drawn from those who appeared in various Joel tunes, high school sweethearts Brenda and Eddie, James, Judy, and Tony. The show is unusual in that, unlike the musical, it essentially is a series of dances linked by a thin plot. All the vocals are performed by a pianist and band suspended on a platform above the stage while the act out the songs dialogue, making the show, in essence. The show started in pre-Broadway try-outs at the Shubert Theatre in Chicago from June 25,2002 through September 1,2002. It premiered on Broadway at the Richard Rodgers Theatre on October 24,2002, the first national tour of Movin Out ran for three years, opening on January 27,2004 and ending on January 21,2007 after 1,111 performances. The tour also played to generally excellent reviews and full houses in 82 U. S. cities and it featured numerous dancers from the original Broadway production, who rotated in and out as schedules allowed. Darren Holden was the primary lead Piano Man for the run of the tour, joined by Matt Wilson, Charlie Neshyba-Hodges, James Fox. Holly Cruikshank, in the role of Brenda, won the 2005 Helen Hayes Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Non-Resident Production. The West End production opened on April 10,2006, at Londons Apollo Victoria Theatre where, despite receiving mostly solid reviews, James Fox and Darren Reeves were the leads, alternating as The Piano Man. Situated across from Victoria Station, away from the hub of theatre activity, and with more than 2500 seats. The show played Tokyo, Japan in the summer of 2006, with many of the first national tours performers, Darren Holden, a second national tour opened in Atlantic City on June 14,2007 with Matthew Friedman and Kyle Martin in the lead role of Piano Man. A third National Tour opened in La Crosse, Wisconsin on November 4,2008 with Matthew Friedman, Kyle Martin, on October 15,2002, a live cast recording was released featuring the 2002 original Broadway cast. It was a single CD featuring 30 tracks, Movin Out at the Internet Broadway Database Movin Out plot and production at guidetomusicaltheatre. com

34.
Tarzan (musical)
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Tarzan is based on the Walt Disney Animation Studios film of the same name. The songs are written by Phil Collins with a book by David Henry Hwang, the musical mostly follows the plot of the Disney film, Tarzan is raised by gorillas, meets Jane, a young English naturalist, and falls in love. Janes entourage plans to kill the gorillas, and Tarzans loyalties are tested, the original Broadway production opened in 2006, directed and designed by Bob Crowley with choreography by Meryl Tankard. The production ran for 35 previews and 486 performances, subsequently, the show has been staged in several other countries and by regional theatres. A workshop was held in 2004, with Daniel Manche as the Child Tarzan, Matthew Morrison as the Adult Tarzan, Adam Pascal as Tarzan Storyteller and Laura Bell Bundy as Jane. Bob Crowley designed the sets and costumes and directed the original Broadway production, choreography was by Meryl Tankard, danton Burroughs, grandson of Edgar Rice Burroughs, attended the opening night party, as did Phil Collins. The production was nominated for a Tony award for Best Lighting Design of a Musical, due to poor ticket sales, the show closed on July 8,2007 after 35 previews and 486 performances. The musical follows the plot of the Disney film, with a few minor changes, Terk, who was a female in the film, is a male in the musical. The major character of Tantor the elephant is cut from the musical. Off of the West African coast, a young English couple and their newborn son barely survive a shipwreck and they construct a tree house for their son before being killed by a leopard. In the African Jungle, Kerchak, the leader of a tribe of gorillas admires his new infant son with his mate, the leopard suddenly appears and kidnaps the newborn baby gorilla. Kala goes off to find her son but finds the boy instead. She mothers him and raises him despite Kerchaks refusal to treat Tarzan as his son, Tarzan cannot keep up with the tribe and Kerchak views him as a threat. Tarzan is befriended by the lighthearted Terk, a gorilla who teaches him the ways of the gorillas. Kerchak finds Tarzan constructing a spear and he exiles him from the gorilla tribe, Kala worries for him and goes off to find him. She discovers him despairing by the waters edge, Kala tells him that even though they look different, underneath the skin, they are just the same. Years pass and the boy grows into a young man, athletic. Kala tries to convince Kerchak to accept Tarzan, Kerchak wont change his mind until Tarzan kills the leopard that has been terrorizing the tribe

35.
Cyrano de Bergerac (play)
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Cyrano de Bergerac is a play written in 1897 by Edmond Rostand. Although there was a real Cyrano de Bergerac, the play is a fictionalization of his life follows the broad outlines of it. The entire play is written in verse, in rhyming couplets of twelve syllables per line, very close to the classical alexandrine form, but the verses sometimes lack a caesura. It is also researched, down to the names of the members of the Académie française. The play has been translated and performed many times, and is responsible for introducing the word panache into the English language, Cyrano is in fact famed for his panache, and the play ends with him saying My panache just before his death. The two most famous English translations are those by Brian Hooker and Anthony Burgess, hercule Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac, a cadet in the French Army, is a brash, strong-willed man of many talents. In addition to being a remarkable duelist, he is a gifted, however, he has an extremely large nose, which causes him to doubt himself. The play opens in Paris,1640, in the theatre of the Hôtel Burgundy, members of the audience slowly arrive, representing a cross-section of Parisian society from pickpockets to nobility. Christian de Neuvillette, a new cadet, arrives with Lignière. Lignière recognizes her as Roxane, and tells Christian about her, meanwhile, Ragueneau and Le Bret are expecting Cyrano de Bergerac, who has banished the actor Montfleury from the stage for a month. After Lignière leaves, Christian intercepts a pickpocket and, in return for his freedom, Christian departs to try to warn him. The play Clorise begins with Montfleurys entrance, Cyrano disrupts the play, forces Montfleury off stage, and compensates the manager for the loss of admission fees. Roxanes duenna then arrives, and asks where Roxane may meet Cyrano privately, Lignière is then brought to Cyrano, having learned that one hundred hired thugs are waiting to ambush him on his way home. Cyrano, now emboldened, vows to take on the entire mob single-handed, the next morning, at Ragueneaus bake shop, Ragueneau supervises various apprentice cooks in their preparations. Cyrano arrives, anxious about his meeting with Roxane and he is followed by a musketeer, a paramour of Ragueneaus domineering wife Lise, then the regular gathering of impoverished poets who take advantage of Ragueneaus hospitality. Roxane and Cyrano talk privately as she bandages his hand, she thanks him for defeating Valvert at the theater, and talks about a man with whom she has fallen in love. Cyrano thinks that she is talking about him at first, and is ecstatic, but Roxane describes her beloved as handsome, Roxane fears for Christians safety in the predominantly Gascon company of Cadets, so she asks Cyrano to befriend and protect him. After she leaves, Cyranos captain arrives with the cadets to congratulate him on his victory from the night before and they are followed by a huge crowd, including De Guiche and his entourage, but Cyrano soon drives them away

36.
In the Heights
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In the Heights is a musical with music and lyrics by Lin-Manuel Miranda and a book by Quiara Alegría Hudes. The story is set over the course of three days, involving characters in the largely Dominican-American neighborhood of Washington Heights in New York City, after productions at the Eugene ONeill Theater Center in Connecticut and Off-Broadway, the show opened in a Broadway production in March 2008. This production was nominated for thirteen Tony Awards, winning four, Best Musical, Best Original Score, Best Choreography and it won a Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album. It was also nominated for the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, Miranda wrote the earliest draft of In the Heights in 1999, his sophomore year of college. After the show was accepted by Wesleyan Universitys student theater company Second Stage, Miranda worked on adding freestyle rap. bodegas and it played from April 27 to April 29,2000. In 2002, Miranda and Mailer worked with director Kail and wrote five separate drafts of In the Heights. Directed by Thomas Kail, with choreography by Andy Blankenbuehler and music direction by Alex Lacamoire, it was produced by Jill Furman, Kevin McCollum, Jeffrey Seller and Sander Jacobs. The Off-Broadway production was nominated for nine Drama Desk Awards, winning two, as well as winning the Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Musical. The musical premiered on Broadway, starting in previews on February 14,2008, with an opening on March 9,2008. The Broadway production was directed and choreographed by Kail and Blankenbuehler. The producers announced on January 8,2009, that the show had recouped its $10 million investment after 10 months, the Broadway production celebrated its 1000th performance on August 2,2010. The Broadway production closed on January 9,2011, after 29 previews and 1,184 regular performances, the final cast starred Lin-Manuel Miranda, Arielle Jacobs, Marcy Harriell, Shaun Taylor-Corbett, Olga Merediz, Andréa Burns, Christopher Jackson, Tony Chriroldes and Priscilla Lopez. Jon Rua starred as Graffiti Pete and understudied for the roles of Usnavi, the first national tour of In the Heights began on October 27,2009, in Tampa, Florida. The musical ran in San Juan, Puerto Rico in November 2010, librettist Hudes and songwriter-star Miranda are both of Puerto Rican descent. The tour closed on April 3,2011, at the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts in Miami, at the time of its closing, the tour starred Joseph Morales as Usnavi. The international premiere ran in Manila, Philippines from September 2 to September 18,2011, the show had a repeat run in March 2012. A non-Equity United States national tour of In The Heights ran from October 17,2011, the tour played in Chicago in January 2012, with Virginia Cavaliere as Nina, Presilah Nunez as Vanessa, Kyle Carter as Benny, and Perry Young as Usnavi. Jose Pepe Casis was the director, who also played the part of Piragua Guy

37.
Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo
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Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo is a play by Rajiv Joseph. The show is about a tiger that haunts the streets of present day Baghdad seeking the meaning of life, as he witnesses the puzzling absurdities of war, the tiger encounters Americans and Iraqis who are searching for friendship, redemption, and a toilet seat made of gold. A tiger lives in the Baghdad Zoo and he tells the audience that most of the animals have fled to freedom because of the Iraq Invasion, only to be shot dead by soldiers. That night, United States soldiers come to guard the zoo, the tiger, driven by fear and hunger, bites off the hand of Tom, a soldier. Kev, another soldier, shoots the tiger, mortally wounding him, Kev finds himself haunted by the ghost of the tiger, who wanders about Baghdad. Due to an outburst while searching an Iraqis home, Kev is sent to the hospital, back in Baghdad with a prosthetic hand, Tom pays a visit to Kev less out of compassion for a broken-minded buddy than for a more practical purpose. It is revealed that the gun Kev used to shoot the tiger was taken from the palace of the late Uday Hussein. Tom wants the gun back so he can start a new life in the United States by selling not only the gold-plated gun, but a solid gold toilet seat. During the exchange, however, the gun falls into the hands of Udays former gardener, Musa and he is visited repeatedly by Udays ghost. The rest of the show involves the characters interacting with the dead ones as the war happens around them. The play debuted at the Kirk Douglas Theatre in Culver City, California and it ran from May 10,2009, to June 7,2009. The creative team included sets by Derek McLane, costumes by David Zinn, another production ran at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles from April 14,2010, to May 30,2010. Kevin Tighe starred as the Tiger, a Broadway production opened at the Richard Rodgers Theatre on March 31,2011, following previews from March 11. The show played a limited engagement until July 3,2011. Robyn Goodman, Kevin McCollum, and Jeffrey Seller produced this production along with the Center Theatre Group, the New York Times estimated that Bengal Tiger was expected to cost at least $3 million. The production marked Williams final Broadway appearance and his performance in a play on Broadway before his death in 2014. He had previously appeared on Broadway in a stand-up comedy engagement, Bengal Tiger had its southeast regional premiere at Carolina Actors Studio Theatre in Charlotte, North Carolina on October 11,2012. In San Francisco the play premiered at San Francisco Playhouse in October 2013 where it received rave reviews, the Broadway production received mixed to positive reviews

38.
Porgy and Bess
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Porgy and Bess is an English-language opera composed in 1934 by George Gershwin, with a libretto written by DuBose Heyward and Ira Gershwin from Heywards novel Porgy and later play of the same title. Porgy and Bess was first performed in Boston on September 30,1935, Gershwin read Porgy in 1926 and proposed that he should collaborate with Heyward on Porgy and Bess. In 1934, Gershwin and Heyward began work on the project by visiting the authors native Charleston, Gershwin explained why he called Porgy and Bess a folk opera in a 1935 New York Times article, Porgy and Bess is a folk tale. Its people naturally would sing folk music, when I first began work in the music I decided against the use of original folk material because I wanted the music to be all of one piece. Therefore I wrote my own spirituals and folksongs, but they are still folk music – and therefore, being in operatic form, Porgy and Bess becomes a folk opera. The libretto of Porgy and Bess tells the story of Porgy and it deals with his attempts to rescue Bess from the clutches of Crown, her violent and possessive lover, and Sportin Life, her drug dealer. Where the earlier novel and stage-play differ, the opera follows the stage-play. In the years following Gershwins death, Porgy and Bess was adapted for smaller performances and was later adapted into a film in 1959. Some of the songs in the opera, such as Summertime, became popular, in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the trend has been towards reproducing a greater fidelity to Gershwins original intentions although other smaller-scale productions continued to be mounted. A complete version of the score was released in 1976, since then, in the fall of 1933 Gershwin and Heyward signed a contract with the Theatre Guild to write the opera. In the summer of 1934 Gershwin and Heyward went to Folly Beach, South Carolina and he worked on the opera there and in New York. Ira Gershwin, in New York, wrote lyrics to some of the classic songs. Most of the lyrics, including Summertime, were written by Heyward, Gershwins first version of the opera, running four hours, was performed privately in a concert version in Carnegie Hall, in the fall of 1935. He chose as his choral director Eva Jessye, who directed her own renowned choir. During rehearsals and in Boston, Gershwin made many cuts and refinements to shorten the running time, the run on Broadway lasted 124 performances. The production and direction were entrusted to Rouben Mamoulian, who had directed the Broadway productions of Heywards play Porgy. The music director was Alexander Smallens, the leading roles were played by Todd Duncan and Anne Brown. The influential vaudeville artist John W. Bubbles created the role of Sportin Life, after the Broadway run, a tour started on January 27,1936, in Philadelphia and traveled to Pittsburgh and Chicago before ending in Washington, D. C. on March 21,1936

39.
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
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Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a play by Tennessee Williams. One of Williamss best-known works and his favorite, the play won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1955. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof features several recurring motifs, such as social mores, greed, superficiality, mendacity, decay, sexual desire, repression, dialogue throughout is often rendered phonetically to represent accents of the Southern United States. The original production starred Barbara Bel Geddes, Burl Ives, the play was adapted as a motion picture of the same name in 1958, starring Elizabeth Taylor and Paul Newman as Maggie and Brick, with Burl Ives and Madeleine Sherwood recreating their stage roles. Williams made substantial excisions and alterations to the play for a revival in 1974 and this has been the version used for most subsequent revivals, which have been numerous. The party is to celebrate the birthday of patriarch Big Daddy Pollitt, the Deltas biggest cotton-planter, all family members are aware of Big Daddys true diagnosis, he is dying of cancer. Maggie, determined and beautiful, has escaped a childhood of poverty to marry into the wealthy Pollitts, the family is aware that Brick has not slept with Maggie for a long time, which has strained their marriage. Brick, a football hero, infuriates her by ignoring his brother Goopers attempts to gain control of the family fortune. Bricks indifference and his drinking have escalated with the suicide of his friend Skipper, Maggie fears that Bricks malaise will ensure that Gooper and his wife Mae end up with Big Daddys estate. Through the evening, Brick, Big Daddy and Maggie—and the entire family—separately must face down the issues which they have bottled up inside, Big Daddy attempts a reconciliation with the alcoholic Brick. Brick explains to Big Daddy that Maggie was jealous of the friendship between Brick and Skipper because she believed it had a romantic undercurrent. He states that Skipper took Maggie to bed to prove her wrong, Brick believes that when Skipper couldnt complete the act, his self-questioning about his sexuality and his friendship with Brick made him snap. Brick also reveals that, shortly before he committed suicide, Skipper confessed his feelings to Brick, disgusted with the familys mendacity, Brick tells Big Daddy that the report from the clinic about his condition was falsified for his sake. Big Daddy storms out of the room, leading the party gathered out on the gallery to drift inside, Maggie, Brick, Mae, Gooper, and Doc Baugh decide to tell Big Mama the truth about his illness and she is devastated by the news. Gooper and Mae start to discuss the division of the Pollitt estate, Big Mama defends her husband from Gooper and Maes proposals. Big Daddy reappears and makes known his plans to die peacefully, attempting to secure Bricks inheritance, Maggie tells him she is pregnant. Gooper and Mae know this is a lie, but Big Mama, when they are alone again, Maggie locks away the liquor and promises Brick that she will make the lie true. Mendacity is a theme throughout the play

The Rascals (initially known as The Young Rascals) were an American rock band, formed in Garfield, New Jersey in 1965. …

The band in 1966. Standing in back: Dino Danelli. Sitting in front (L-R): Felix Cavaliere, Eddie Brigati and Gene Cornish

The Rascals performing "Groovin'" during one of their 2013 Once Upon a Dream shows. The large video screen helped accentuate song themes and also showed interviews with members and re-enactments of the group's history. Left to right, Gene Cornish, Felix Cavaliere, Dino Danelli, Eddie Brigati, and various supporting players and singers.