The recipients were being marginalized by their society, alienated in their relationships, and threatened with—if not experiencing—a loss of honor and socioeconomic standing (and possibly worse )

the overall pastoral strategy in 1 Peter (Sect. 15).

The author encourages a transformed understanding of Christian self-identity that redefines how one is to live as a Christian in a world that is hostile to the basic principles of the gospel. Thus the experience of harassment is endurable and its avoidance disadvantageous (1:6-7; 2:21-25; 3:18-22; 4:1-6, 12-19; 5:8-10).

the overall pastoral strategy in 1 Peter (Sect. 15).

The author exhorts the readers to engage the world as foreigners and resident aliens, having a healthy respect for the society and culture in which they live while at the same time maintaining an appropriate separation from it. It is as foreigners and resident aliens that Peter’s readers are to abstain from carnal desires that, even though perhaps socially acceptable, war against the soul, while at the same time living good lives among the Gentiles (2:11-20; 3:1-16).

the overall pastoral strategy in 1 Peter (Sect. 15).

“The more I study it (1Peter), the more alien it seems to the interests and projects of mainstream Christianity” (J. H. Elliott 1998: 179).

the overall pastoral strategy in 1 Peter (Sect. 15).

Match arguments as either for Petrine authorship of 1 Peter or for pseudonymous authorship (Sect. 16).

*Accepted without serious debate in early church

. Explicit claim to Petrine authorship

Match arguments as either for Petrine authorship of 1 Peter or for pseudonymous authorship (Sect. 16).

Broad awareness of Jesus sayings

. Explicit claim to Petrine authorship

Match arguments as either for Petrine authorship of 1 Peter or for pseudonymous authorship (Sect. 16).

Possible awareness of traditions in which Peter himself played a role.

Explicit claim to Petrine authorship

Match arguments as either for Petrine authorship of 1 Peter or for pseudonymous authorship (Sect. 16).

*Peter’s level of education (cf. Acts 4:13)

Evidence suggesting possible pseudonymity

Match arguments as either for Petrine authorship of 1 Peter or for pseudonymous authorship (Sect. 16).

*The author’s use of the Septuagint

Evidence suggesting possible pseudonymity

Match arguments as either for Petrine authorship of 1 Peter or for pseudonymous authorship (Sect. 16).

*The absence of any personal reminiscences of Jesus

Evidence suggesting possible pseudonymity

Match arguments as either for Petrine authorship of 1 Peter or for pseudonymous authorship (Sect. 16).

*Affinities with Pauline letters

Evidence suggesting possible pseudonymity

Match arguments as either for Petrine authorship of 1 Peter or for pseudonymous authorship (Sect. 16).

*Rome as “Babylon” (a post-70 CE phenomenon?)

Evidence suggesting possible pseudonymity

Match arguments as either for Petrine authorship of 1 Peter or for pseudonymous authorship (Sect. 16).