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Since 1987 - Covering the Fastest Computers in the World and the People Who Run ThemFri, 09 Dec 2016 14:11:16 +0000en-UShourly1https://wordpress.org/?v=4.760365857Full Details Uncovered on Chinese Top Supercomputerhttps://www.hpcwire.com/2013/06/02/full_details_uncovered_on_chinese_top_supercomputer/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=full_details_uncovered_on_chinese_top_supercomputer
https://www.hpcwire.com/2013/06/02/full_details_uncovered_on_chinese_top_supercomputer/#respondSun, 02 Jun 2013 07:00:00 +0000http://www.hpcwire.com/?p=4030With help from a draft report from Jack Dongarra of the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, who also spearheads the process of verifying the top of the pack super, we are able to share the full processor, Xeon Phi coprocessor, custom interconnect, storage and memory, as well as power and cooling information. The supercomputer out of China will be...

]]>At the end of May, an international group of high performance computing researchers gathered at the International HPC Forum in Changsha, China. One of the talks detailed the specs for the new Tianhe-2 system, which as we reported last week, is expected to rather dramatically top the Top500 list of the world’s fastest supercomputers.

Artist’s rendering of the system as it will look once finally implemented at its final destination.

As noted previously, the system will be housed at the National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou and has been aimed at providing an open platform for research and education and to provide a high performance computing service for southern China.

Dr. Jack Dongarra from the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Lab, one of the founders of the Top500, was on hand for the event in China and shared a draft document that offers deep detail on the full scope of the Tianhe-2, which will, barring any completely unexpected surprises, far surpass the Cray-built Titan.

The 16,000-node Inspur-built Tianhe-2 is based on Ivy Bridge (32,000 sockets) and 48,000 Xeon Phi boards, meaning a total of 3,120,000 cores. Each of the nodes sports 2 Ivy Bridge sockets and 3 Phi boards.

According to Dongarra, there are some new and notable LINPACK results:

I was sent results showing a run of HPL benchmark using 14,336 nodes, that run was made using 50 GB of the memory of each node and achieved 30.65 petaflops out of a theoretical peak of 49.19 petaflops, or an efficiency of 62.3% of theoretical peak performance taking a little over 5 hours to complete.The fastest result shown was using 90% of the machine. They are expecting to make improvements and increase the number of nodes used in the test.

This certainly seems to confirm that this will indeed be the top system on this June’s list. But let’s take a closer look at some architectural elements to put those numbers in context…

Interestingly, each of the Phi boards have 57 cores instead of 61. This is because they were early in the production cycle at the time and yield was an issue. Still each of the 57 cores can boast 4 threads of execution and each thread can hit 4 flops per cycle. By Dongarra’s estimate, the 1.1 GHz cycle time produces a theoretical peak of 1.003 teraflops for each Phi element.

Each of the nodes is laden with 64 GB of memory, each of the Phi elements come with 8 GB of memory for a total of 88 GB of memory per node for a total of full system memory at 1.404 petabytes. There is not a lot of detail about the storage infrastructure, but there is a global shared parallel storage system sporting 12.4 petabytes.

According to Dongarra, there are “2 nodes per board, 16 boards per frame, 4 frames per rack, and 125 racks make up the system.” He says that the compute board has two compute nodes and is composed of two halves—the CPM and APM. The CPM portion of the board contains the 4 Ivy Bridge processors, memory and 1 Xeon Phi board while the CPM half contains the 5 Xeon Phi boards.

There are also 5 horizontal blind push-pull connections on the edge; connections from the Ivy Bridges to each of the coprocessors are made via PCI-E 2, which has 16 lanes and are 10 Gbps each. Dongarra points out that the actual design and implementation of the board is for PCI-E 3.0 but the Phi only supports PCI0E 2. There is also a PCI-E connection to the NIC.

We already knew that this was a system from the Chinese IT company, Inspur. According to Dongarra, “Inspur contributed to the manufacturing of the printed circuit boards and is also contributing to the system installation and testing.” At this point, the system is still being assembled and tested at the National University of Defense Technology before being installed at its permanent home.

As we know from the original Tianhe-1A system, NUDT has been hard at work on their own interconnects. On the TH-2, they are using their TH Express-2 interconnect network, which taps a fat tree topology with 13 switches, each with 576 ports at the top level.

As Dongarra notes, “This is an optoelectronics hybrid transport technology and runs a proprietary network. The interconnect uses their own chip set. The high radix router ASIC called NRC has a 90 nm feature size with a 17.16×17.16 mm die and 2577 pins.”

He says that “the throughput of a single NRC is 2.56 Tbps. The network interface ASIC called NIC has the same feature size and package as the NIC, the die size is 10.76×10.76 mm, 675 pins and uses PCI-E G2 16X. A broadcast operation via MPI was running at 6.36 GB/s and the latency measured with 64K of data within 12,000 nodes is about 85us.

Dongarra says that the 720 square meter footprint means a rather confined space and isn’t optimally laid out. However, this is just temporary since when it arrives in its permanent home in Guangzhou it will be laid out more efficiently, as seen in the artist’s rendering of the system at the top of the article.

The peak power consumption under load for the system is 17.6 MWs, but this is just for the processors, memory and interconnect network. When the closely-coupled chilled water with customized liquid water cooling unit operations are added in, the total consumption is 24 MWs. Dongarra says that it has a high cooling capacity of 80 KW and when installed at its home site, it will use city water as its source. Power load is monitored by a series of lights on the cabinet doors.

For far more details about these and other aspects of the Tianhe-2 system, check out Dr. Dongarra’s extensive report…

]]>https://www.hpcwire.com/2013/06/02/full_details_uncovered_on_chinese_top_supercomputer/feed/04030Details Emerge About China’s 50+ Petaflop Chart-Topperhttps://www.hpcwire.com/2013/05/29/details_emerge_about_china_s_50_petaflop_chart-topper/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=details_emerge_about_china_s_50_petaflop_chart-topper
https://www.hpcwire.com/2013/05/29/details_emerge_about_china_s_50_petaflop_chart-topper/#respondWed, 29 May 2013 07:00:00 +0000http://www.hpcwire.com/?p=4069We have some new details that filtered in with some credible community input through the night about China's 50+ petaflop system. We have been able to confirm a number of the points of speculation and rumor, including the vendor, the exact Linpack results, the location of the system, and the fact that it is a MIC....

from a draft document via Oak Ridge National Lab including full interconnect, processor, benchmark and more via Dr. Jack Dongarra.

Yesterday, we took the plunge and reported on the pervasive rumor that a MIC-based Chinese system had been validated by Top 500 brass in person—proving dramatic LINPACK performance against the Titan and the rest of the leaders of the supercomputing pack.

There is currently a team from the Top500 in China and they have reported that they’ve examined the system and that indeed, its performance parallels the early reports.

This morning we’ve been able to confirm a number of details about the system, which for the sake of brevity, we’ll present here in rather short form. Before doing so, thanks to all of you who scurried around to send us emails late last night with confirmation, further details, and insight about the new top super.

The reported performance (we have four highly credible sources confirming) is between 53-55 peak and between 27-29 LINPACK sustained performance. This is actually better than we were led to believe yesterday when it felt a little wrong to make the “50 petaflop” claim, despite our best sources telling us it was so.

The odd thing is that this is the famed Tianhe-2 system—yes, the one that wasn’t even supposed to be completed until 2015. Further, the system’s grand unveiling was going to unleash 100 petaflops onto the world. While we’re still working on understanding the odd timing on this, the fact remains that there’s nothing on the horizon that is going to be able to touch it unless there are some major surprises, which sources emphatically say there will not be.

“This will be the second time that China win the first chair of of Top500 after 3 years of Tianhe-1A. This based the continuous improvement of Chinese HPC industry, that Chinese ‘hard power’ is one of the largest in the world like HPC R&D and construction, etc. Meanwhile, the Chinese ‘soft power’ include HPC application and talents catches up on the advanced level in the world.”

They conclude their hard/soft power statement with the claim that, “The worldwide HPC distribution maybe is changing.”

And for those who are saying this is a “stunt system” we should note that we’re trying to drill down on just what applications this big maw will be crunching. We are also trying to get a handle on how many MICs they’re wrangling—the reports (too early for now) are simply staggering—this will make one hell of a programming article when we’re on hand at ISC.

This is a MIC-only system from what we understand—no GPU acceleration thrown in for added fire, which was what gave the Tianhe-1A its chart-topping power.

What a stellar year for Intel…we’re also lining up some commentary from their end, although there’s little chance they’ll speak on record about the specs until the list is formally announced.