In fiqh all things are considered pure unless there is evidence otherwise.

1. Human urine and faeces

They are impure

Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri has said:

“The Messenger of Allaah (sallallaahu `alaihi wa sallam) prayed with us one day. Whilst he was engaged in the prayer he took off his shoes and placed them on his left. When the people saw this, they took off their shoes. When he finished his prayer he said, Why did you take your shoes off? They said, `We saw you taking your shoes off, so we took our shoes off.’ He said, Verily Jibreel came to me and informed me that there was dirt – or he said: something harmful – (in another narration: filth) on my shoes, so I took them off. Therefore, when one of you goes to the mosque, he should look at his shoes: if he sees in them dirt – or he said: something harmful – (in another narration: filth) he should wipe them and pray in them.

(by the way Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alaihi wasalam used to pray with his shoes on in the masjid. At that time masjid has no carpet like how we have nowadays. And the floor is probably soil.

A Bedouin came and passed urine in one corner of the mosque. The people shouted at him but the Prophet stopped them till he finished urinating. The Prophet ordered them to spill a bucket of water over that place and they did so.

The fact that in both hadith the filth is told to be washed, this indicates that these are impure.

2. Al Madhi and Al Wadi

Excrement that comes out from your peeing area. Sometimes (more for the teenagers and adults) we have some liquid coming from or private parts. It is not like your pee. It is thick and white and sticky. This is najis. You must wash like you wash when you pee and retake your wudhu’.

I used to get emotional urethral discharge frequently. Being the son-in-law of the Prophet I requested a man to ask him about it. So the man asked the Prophet about it. The Prophet replied, “Perform ablution after washing your organ (penis).”

I felt greatly distressed by the frequent flowing of prostatic fluid. For this reason I used to take a bath very often. I asked the apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) about this. He replied: Ablution will be sufficient for you because of this. I asked: Apostle of Allah, what should I do if it smears my clothes. He replied: It is sufficient if you take a handful of water and sprinkle it on your clothe when you find it has smeared it.

The Prophet went out to answer the call of nature and asked me to bring three stones. I found two stones and searched for the third but could not find it. So took a dried piece of dung and brought it to him. He took the two stones and threw away the dung and said, “This is a filthy thing.”

A woman asked Allah’s Apostle, “O Allah’s Apostle! What should we do, if the blood of menses falls on our clothes?” Allah’s Apostle replied, “If the blood of menses falls on the garment of anyone of you, she must take hold of the blood spot, rub it, and wash it with water and then pray in (with it).”

Narrated by Abu Hurayrah that Khawlah bint Yasaar said, “O Messenger of Allah! I have only one garment and when I have my menstrual period I get blood on it, so what should I do? He sallallahu alaihi wasalam replied: “Once you have cleansed yourself from your period, wash the place where the blood was and then pray in it.” She said, ‘Even if the traces of it are not removed, O messenger of Allah. He sallallahu alaihi wasalam said, “The water is sufficient for you and the traces will not harm you.”

Menstrual blood is impure. Thus try to wash as much as you can but sometimes blood can be a bit stubborn. Thus the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wasalam said, the traces of blood will not harm you.

4. Dog saliva

The Book of Purification (Kitab Al-Taharah)
Muslim :: Book 2 : Hadith 549

Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: The purification of the utensil belonging to any one of you, after it is licked by a dog, lies in washing it seven times, using sand for the first time.

If a dog licks your utensil, you need to wash it seven times and the first one to use dust. This utensil is the one that you would use for ablution.

5. Dead animals.
Dead animals that die a natural death without being slaughtered are not halal to eat according to syariah. But there are exceptions

i. Dead fish and locusts

Ibn Umar radiallahhu anhu said, “Prophet sallallahu alaihi wasalam said,
“Two dead things and two kinds of blood have been permitted to us: As for two dead things, they are fish and locusts. And as for two kind of blood, they are liver and spleen. (Bahyaqi)

The Prophet said “If a house fly falls in the drink of anyone of you, he should dip it (in the drink), for one of its wings has a disease and the other has the cure for the disease.”

This indicates that fly is not najis.

iii. The bones, horns, claws, hair and feathers of dead things

hadeeth of Al-Bukhaari, narrated in a mu’allaq [12] form proves it; he said: “Az-Zuhri said, concerning the bones of dead creatures, such as elephants and the like: “I have seen some people from among the scholars of the Salaf combing their hair with (combs made from) them and writing upon them and they see no objection to it.” And Hammad said: “There is nothing wrong with using the feathers of a dead (bird).”

Someone came to Allah’s Apostle and said, “The donkeys have been (slaughtered and) eaten. Another man came and said, “The donkeys have been destroyed.” On that the Prophet ordered a caller to announce to the people: Allah and His Apostle forbid you to eat the meat of donkeys, for it is impure.’ Thus the pots were turned upside down while the (donkeys’) meat was boiling in them.

Wild donkeys are permissible though. This ruling is meant for domesticated donkeys.

The slave-mother of Ibrahim ibn AbdurRahman ibn Awf asked Umm Salamah, the wife of the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him): I am a woman having a long border of clothes and I walk in filthy place; (then what should I do?). Umm Salamah replied: The Apostle of Allah ( peace be upon him) said: What comes after it cleanses it.

So do not worry too much on the dust and slight dirt on your abaya until of course some foul smell of clear najis can be seen on it.

Allah has three Names that are similar to Malik: Maleek (مليك) and Maalik (مالك). The meaning for all three names is: One who possesses the attribute of Mulk. What is Mulk? Kingdom, dominion, power, authority. Mulk has three meanings:

1) Possession and ownership (لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ To Him belongs the Ownership of the heavens and earth 2:107)

2) Control and authority (لَكُمُ الْمُلْكُ الْيَوْمَ For you in the authority this day 40:29)

3) Ability and power (لاَ يَمْلِكُونَ They do not possess ability 13:16)

We are living in one biiiigg kingdom. This big kingdom encompasses the whole of earth, the whole space, known and unknown. The whole of heaven and the whole of earth. A kingdom so big, even bigger than what you can imagine.

And the King of this Kingdom is Allah – Al Malik – the King of All Kings!

Allah is the King of heavens and earth, their owner, the only Owner, and the only Ruling Judge on the Day of Recompense.

Al Mu’minoon 23: 16
So Exalted is Allâh, the True King, Lâ ilâha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He), the Lord of the Supreme Throne!

Al Jumuah 62: 1
Whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is on the earth glorifies Allâh, the King (of everything), the Holy, the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.

An Nas 114: 1-2
Say: “I seek refuge with (Allâh) the Lord of mankind, (1) “The King of mankind

Al Qamar 54: 55
In a seat of truth (i.e. Paradise), near the Omnipotent King (Allâh the one, the All-Blessed, the Most High, the Owner of Majesty and Honour).

2. Allah is the only King on the Day of Resurrection

AL fatihah 1: 4

The Only Owner (and the Only Ruling Judge) of the Day of Recompense (i.e. the Day of Resurrection.

Al Infitar 82: 18-19

(It will be) the Day when no person shall have power (to do) anything for another, and the Decision, that Day, will be (wholly) with Allâh. (19)

Allah will change heaven and earth to something different. This is a reminder to YOU that the heavens and earth belong to Allah, the Owner of everything.

All that we hown now is temporary. either we lose them first or we die first. In the end, on the day of resurrection we will own nothing.
Al AnAm 6: 73
Al Mu’minoon 25:26

But Allah owns everything!!

We are owned by Allah. You are my children but I do not own you. This is what we must remember that one day we will all return to Him. I do not own you my children and neither do you own me. Remember this when Allah decreed teh time for either of us to return back to Allah.

Allah is the ONLY King on the Day of resurrection
Al Fatihah 1: 4
مَـٰلِكِ يَوۡمِ ٱلدِّينِ
The Only Owner (and the Only Ruling Judge) of the Day of Recompense (i.e. the Day of Resurrection)

On doomsday Allah asks Al Ghafir 40: 16

The Day when they will (all) come out, nothing of them will be hidden from Allâh.

لِّمَنِ ٱلۡمُلۡكُ ٱلۡيَوۡمَۖ
Whose is the kingdom this Day?
لِلَّهِ ٱلۡوَٲحِدِ ٱلۡقَهَّارِ
(Allâh Himself will reply to His Question): It is Allâh’s the One, the Irresistible!

Imagine this day

Az Zumar 39: 67

They made not a just estimate of Allâh such as is due to Him. And on the Day of Resurrection the whole of the earth will be grasped by His Hand and the heavens will be rolled up in His Right Hand. Glorified is He, and High is He above all that they associate as partners with Him!

Abdullah bin Umar narrated that the Messenger of Allah said, “On the Day of Resurection, Allah rolls up the heavens and grasps them by His Right Hand and then says: I am the King. Where are the compellers? Where are the arrogants, high and mighty people?”

(Muslim)

Think about it, Allah the King of the World, the King of Kings will also be the King in yaumul akhirah. The King who own everything. The King who has authority. The King who will judge. The king who knows everything thus you cannot lie!

Do what the King wants now. What does the King want us to do?
The King, Allah, wants us to worship Him alone!

Slaves of Allah glorify Him by His name “The King”

Al Mulk 67: 1
تَبَـٰرَكَ ٱلَّذِى بِيَدِهِ ٱلۡمُلۡكُ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىۡءٍ۬ قَدِيرٌ
Blessed is He in Whose Hand is the dominion, and He is Able to do all things.

In this verse Allah glorifies Himself in order to teach His slaves how to glorify him and o admit that he has the power over the slaves and creatures and He can do whatever he wishes with them.

Allah alone has the right to be worshipped because he is the King. Other than him is invalid because they do not rule or possess

Other gods are created and owned.Without Allah the gods have no power and own nothing.

Al Maidah 5: 76
Say (O Muhammad SAW to mankind): “How do you worship besides Allâh something which has no power either to harm or to benefit you? But it is Allâh Who is the All¬Hearer, All¬Knower.”

Allah dislike those who called themselves the King of the Kings.

When you realise that Allah is the King, you must humble yourself.

Allah detests names
king of kings
ruler of rulers
sultan of sultans

Allah own everything and controls everything. he can do whatever He wills but Allah is Most Merciful. He does not do something except from His Great Wisdom. When He afflicts tests on you is to only increase your status (if you are patient). If He withholds your du’a it is only because He is keeping something that is better for you.

Say: “The angel of death, who is set over you, will take your souls, Then you shall be brought to your Lord.” (as Sajda 32: 11)

It is wrong to call the Angel of Death by the name of “Izraeel” as people do because it is not mentioned in the Quraan and Sunnah.

Some stories in the quran and hadith concerning the Angels of Death

The angel of death ask permission to take the souls of the Prophets. Sometimes they appear in the form of man

Funerals (Al-Janaa’iz)

Bukhari :: Book 2 :: Volume 23 :: Hadith 423

Narrated Abu Huraira:

The angel of death was sent to Moses and when he went to him, Moses slapped him severely, spoiling one of his eyes. The angel went back to his Lord, and said, “You sent me to a slave who does not want to die.” Allah restored his eye and said, “Go back and tell him (i.e. Moses) to place his hand over the back of an ox, for he will be allowed to live for a number of years equal to the number of hairs coming under his hand.” (So the angel came to him and told him the same). Then Moses asked, “O my Lord! What will be then?” He said, “Death will be then.” He said, “(Let it be) now.” He asked Allah that He bring him near the Sacred Land at a distance of a stone’s throw. Allah’s Apostle (p.b.u.h) said, “Were I there I would show you the grave of Moses by the way near the red sand hill.”

Many angels of death when death approaches

When we are nearing death there will be many angels accompanying the Angel of Death when he takes the souls from the bodies. They will come with him when a person is close to death.

Surah Al An’aam 6: 61

He is the Irresistible, Supreme over His slaves, and He sends guardians (angels guarding and writing all of one’s good and bad deeds) over you, until when death approaches one of you, Our Messengers (angel of death and his assistants) take his soul, and they never neglect their duty.

Two types of angels of death : Angels of mercy and angels of punishment

Virtues and Merits of the Prophet (pbuh) and his Companions
Bukhari :: Book 4 :: Volume 56 :: Hadith 676

Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri:

The Prophet said, “Amongst the men of Bani Israel there was a man who had murdered ninety-nine persons. Then he set out asking (whether his repentance could be accepted or not). He came upon a monk and asked him if his repentance could be accepted. The monk replied in the negative and so the man killed him. He kept on asking till a man advised to go to such and such village. (So he left for it) but death overtook him on the way. While dying, he turned his chest towards that village (where he had hoped his repentance would be accepted), and so the angels of mercy and the angels of punishment quarrelled amongst themselves regarding him. Allah ordered the village (towards which he was going) to come closer to him, and ordered the village (whence he had come), to go far away, and then He ordered the angels to measure the distances between his body and the two villages. So he was found to be one span closer to the village (he was going to). So he was forgiven.”

Angels of mercy
They come to the believers at the time of death in a kind manner. they remove the soul kindly and tell them their great rewards in Jannah

Surah Al Fussilat 41: 30-32

Verily, those who say: “Our Lord is Allâh (Alone),” and then they stand firm, on them the angels will descend (at the time of their death) (saying): “Fear not, nor grieve! But receive the glad tidings of Paradise which you have been promised! (30) “We have been your friends in the life of this world and are (so) in the Hereafter. Therein you shall have (all) that your inner-selves desire, and therein you shall have (all) for which you ask. (31) “An entertainment from (Allâh), the Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” (32)

Angels of Punishment
The angels of punishment come to the disbelievers at the time of death in a cruel and horrible manner. They tear out the souls and beat them hard

Surah Muhammad 47: 27

Then how (will it be) when the angels will take their souls at death, smiting their faces and their backs? (27)

Lessons

1. We believe that there is Angel of death.

2. Angel of death will come when we die with his assistants

3. Angel of mercy will come to the believers. They will be kind and tell us our reward.

4. Angel of punishment will come to the disbelievers and beat their faces and back.

5. Death is guaranteed to all of us. We ask Allah that the angel who come to us to take our souls away would be the angel of mercy.

Alhamdulillah we enjoyed doing this session tremendously. We discussed in more details on our daily timetable and identified what is the crtical time that we need to pay attention to. We also identified how we can improve our routine to include more good deeds.

My children are in the range of age 12, 10 and 6 currently. So for this surah our main focus is managing our time. I shared my aspiration and the activities that I would love them to do with me. And they lovethe idea and agreed to be more discipline so we can incorporate more things.

I also shared them the values that I am trying to nurture in them. They must help me to help them, bi idznillah.

We’ll see how much they can adhere. But like all of us, they all need constant reminder. And by introducing the quran and the sunnah, insya Allah the reminder is easier.

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By Al-‘Asr (the time). (1)
Verily, man is in loss, (2)
Except those who believe (in Islâmic Monotheism) and do righteous good deeds, and recommend one another to the truth (i.e. order one another to perform all kinds of good deeds (Al-Ma’ruf) which Allâh has ordained, and abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds (Al-Munkar) which Allâh has forbidden), and recommend one another to patience (for the sufferings, harms, and injuries which one may encounter in Allâh’s Cause during preaching His religion of Islâmic Monotheism or Jihâd). (3)

This is a Makki Surah. It has three verses and it is surah no 103

Allah begins this surah by swearing on one of His creation – the time.

In the Qur’an, there is a relationship between oaths and what follows the oaths. When Allah ta’ala swears by something, it shows the importance of the object He is swearing by and that object will be elevated. Furthermore, whatever comes after the oath is very important as well.

Imam ibnul Qayyim wrote about aqsaam (plural of qasm) in the Qur’an and he mentioned that there is a reason for the oaths that are mentioned in one surah. He mentions that aqsaam:

a) begin the surah in a powerful way; a powerful introduction to the subject and how the whole surah is tied to the oath.

b) every oath is an evidence, worldly or religious, that one could see if they reflect upon it.

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We should refrain the habit of swearing and making swearing a casual remark of exclamation, like Wallahi!. You are swearing on Allah’s name, thus you must be very aware that you are speaking the whole truth. On the other hand we are not allowed to make an oath on other things than Allah. This is SHIRK.!

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Let us look on what people celebrate birthdays about. Birthday is the celebration that someone has increased another year of their life. A popular belief is that Man struggles against nature to live as long as possible and to enjoy as much as possible. That’s why birthdays are celebrated. It’s one more year that a person has “beat Mother Nature.”

In Islam, it is not about how long you manage to live, not about how you can survive the world – because our lifespan has been predetermined. If you think about it, we are essentially living on a timer counting down. Time is slipping away at each second we are living. It is not about increasing age, but rather counting down to the end. Except that we do not know when the timer ends. But it will surely end.

Allah swears on this time that is fleeting away from you. To tell you how important this time is.

We know how time is important. Should we not give full attention to how we use it. Let us discuss a schedule of our daily life so we can make sure we are fully using time to something good and that Allah is pleased with.

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We can never hold the time we have now. It slips away in every second. Every second, we are counting down our life. And Allah says in this verse, by starting in the previous verse making an oath on time, that we, the humankind are all at loss.

Are we all at loss? Do be alert when Allah says that we are all at loss! Be scared and worried and ponder why we are all at loss. Because Allah is talking to YOU!

We have already loss of so much opportunity that comes with time.

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Allah starts verse 3 with the word“except” which refers to the verse previously; when Allah says that we are all at loss. Allah says there is an exception for some of us. Alhamdulillah!

If we were panic earlier that we are at loss, we should now be eager to know who are those that Allah has given exception to. Not all of mankind is at loss. Then Allah proceeded describing who among us that is not among the losers.

They are

1. Those who believe.

Believe in what?

2. Do righteous deeds

Can you list some of the righteous deeds that you can do

3. Advise one another to the truth

You should try to do this if you have not already. Calling people to do good things. Here are some suggestions that you can do

4. Advise one another to patience.

This means giving advice and forbidding bad things that people do. The key word is also patience for it is not easy to do this. People might not like you and you may lose some friends.

To fulfil all these you need to have knowledge. With knowledge you will know what is to advise to good and what nasiha to give when people do evil. With knowledge you will learn to be wise, Insya Allah.

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Lessons from this surah:

The importance of time for man’s salvation

Mankind is actually in the state of loss.

To not be among the loss we must believe, do righteous deeds, calling people to good and forbidding evil.