enSun, 15 Sep 2019 07:34:23 +0000Thu, 09 May 2019 00:54:55 +000060etherealmatters.org/article/mass-electromagnetic-force
It is known that there are two…]]>Thu, 09 May 2019 00:54:55 +0000
I am new of this forum.
I am thinking about electromagnetic mass.
Considering the mass where the neutron is a composite particle of proton and electron.

Think about only electrons. When a force is applied to an electron, a magnetic field is generated in the rear. The magnetic field attracts electrons in the opposite direction to the force applied to the electrons. In other words, applying force to an electron generates a magnetic field, which creates resistance. The same thing happens with protons. Resistance is generated in the direction opposite to the applied force when viewed from the whole substance. The generated magnetic field is canceled out by protons and electrons and it does not come out.
Is this resistance similar to mass? Electromagnetic mass is a phenomenon considered at the beginning of the 20th century, but it disappeared from main stream because it can not explain neutrons. However, we now know that neutrons are protons + electrons. It is reasonable to explain mass by electromagnetic force.
The following are my guesses. Electromagnetic mass is the principle of EM drive. EM drive irradiates microwave inside the metal tube, but the metal tube is shaped like a cone cut. Microwave is reflected internally. Thrust is generated toward the large area surface
[Blocked Image: https://etherealmatters.org/sites/default/files/styles/960x720/public/image/2018-05/EM_bias2.jpg?itok=B7IJhSMs]

add bias voltage to chamber

When microwaves are reflected inside the metal pipe, electromagnetic masses are generated toward the incoming direction. Then it will be in the same state as when a force is applied from the outside with a large face and a small face. Therefore, large surface - small surface force will be generated. When thinking more carefully, when the microwave is hit by an electron, the direction of the electric field is random. The direction of the generated electromagnetic mass should also be random. In order to explain the generation of force by electromagnetic mass, it is necessary to align the electric field on only one side in some way.
In order to align the electric field, it is possible to create a coherent microwave, precisely adjust it and irradiate it to electrons. But this method is not realistic. The other way is to apply a positive bias voltage to the irradiated metal and shake the electric field of the microwave to the minus side. In this case it is possible to add a negative electric field even if the direction of the electric field is different. The thrust can be reversed by changing the polarity of the bias.]]>youtube.com/watch?v=VYdebV9YlnI&feature=youtu.be
Michael McCulloch endorsed it as "great" on Twitter, sot it seems correct.]]>Thu, 21 Feb 2019 12:31:18 +0000

Alan Smith wrote:

And another paper on EmDrive... Carmine Cataldo et al ."Towards a New Concept of Closed System: From the Oscillating Universe to the EM-Drive". International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science(ISSN : 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)),vol 6, no. 2, 2019, pp.043-052 AI Publications, doi:10.22161/ijaers.6.2.7

ABSTRACT

The EM-Drive, as long as it is considered a closed system, explicitly violates the conservation of momentum and Newton's well-known third law: however, it would appear, according to several tests to date, that the device may concretely deliver a certain thrust without a detectable exhaust. The question is: can the EM-Drive be actually regarded as a closed system? We have elsewhere tried to provide a qualitative answer by resorting to a theory based, amongst other hypotheses, upon the existence of a further spatial (hidden) dimension. In this paper, the whole revised theory is step-by-step expounded, avoiding, for the sake of brevity, some aspects that, notwithstanding their undeniable relevance, do not concretely contribute to the achievement of our main goal. We consider a Universe belonging to the so-called oscillatory class. Firstly, we formally show that, as it is well known, a simple-harmonically oscillating Universe is fully compatible with General Relativity. Then, we carry out an alternative deduction of the mass-energy equivalence formula as well as of the Friedmann–Lemaître equations. Finally, by resorting to an opportune writing of the conservation of energy (carried out by taking into account the alleged extra spatial dimension), we implicitly obtain a new definition of closed system, so providing an answer to the question previously posed.

Abstract
A new model for inertial mass, quantised inertia, that predicts galaxy rotation without dark
matter, also predicts that a highly-accelerated system surrounded by an asymmetric conductor
will feel thrust in a new way, without having to store and expel propellant. This may already
have been seen in the emdrive, which quantised inertia predicts quite well. Here it is shown
that thrust effects from asymmetric capacitors (including the Woodward effect) can also be
predicted to the right order of magnitude. The lack of a need to store heavy propellant implies
much lighter launch systems and the possibility of interstellar travel.
Keywords: propellant-less propulsion, quantised inertia

fromtwitter.com/memcculloch/status/1075033517799673861]]>sci-news.com/physics/tractor-beam-atoms-06569.html
Well this is interesting. they are now able to attract atoms in a device with a artificial empty chamber much like space.
But my question is: Will this light be able to do the opposite too? repel a…]]>Tue, 06 Nov 2018 13:49:38 +0000sci-news.com/physics/tractor-beam-atoms-06569.html

Well this is interesting. they are now able to attract atoms in a device with a artificial empty chamber much like space.

But my question is: Will this light be able to do the opposite too? repel a object way from stray atoms!]]>digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/vie…cle=3772&context=smallsat
Im not sure if this was published here , but its good reading.. ]]>Thu, 17 May 2018 14:54:16 +0000digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/vie…cle=3772&context=smallsat

Im not sure if this was published here , but its good reading.. ]]>iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1209/0295-5075/118/34003
Quote from M. E. McCulloch: “Testing quantised inertia on emdrives with dielectrics
M. E.…]]>Fri, 06 Apr 2018 08:54:18 +0000iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1209/0295-5075/118/34003

Truncated-cone–shaped cavities with microwaves resonating within them (emdrives) move slightly towards their narrow ends, in contradiction to standard physics. This effect has been predicted by a model called quantised inertia (MiHsC) which assumes that the inertia of the microwaves is caused by Unruh radiation, more of which is allowed at the wide end. Therefore, photons going towards the wide end gain inertia, and to conserve momentum the cavity must move towards its narrow end, as observed. A previous analysis with quantised inertia predicted a controversial photon acceleration, which is shown here to be unnecessary. The previous analysis also mispredicted the thrust in those emdrives with dielectrics. It is shown here that having a dielectric at one end of the cavity is equivalent to widening the cavity at that end, and when dielectrics are considered, then quantised inertia predicts these results as well as the others, except for Shawyer's first test where the thrust is predicted to be the right size but in the wrong direction. As a further test, quantised inertia predicts that an emdrive's thrust can be enhanced by using a dielectric at the wide end.

Tajmar is a very good speaker and a very congenial person.
You can feel his enthusiasm and that this research is his life.

He first gave a general introduction about gravity and masses, and that it is actually possible to get some type of mass (piezo crystalls) to "behave like negative mass" which resulted in a working lab prototype of theMach effect thruster (guess you heard about it [Blocked Image: https://www.lenr-forum.com/images/smilies/emojione/263a.png] ).
He said that a new paper about his Mach effect thruster prototype, which was already replicated by several labs all over the world, is currently in the process of peer review of a major science journal and should be released "within a year".

He also talked about the EM Drive and his findings which were published a while ago. He said that his theory about the EM Drive effect is, that it is also a Mach effect, but on the electromagnetic level (he compared electomagnetism vs. gravitoelectromagnetism).

Here it became (obviously) interesting, because he said that he has "very promising" new findings and results, but he is yet not allowed talk about them because he's currently working on a new peer reviewed paper covering this new data.
He said it should be published within a year and we can expect that space exploration will totally change over the next 10 - 20 years.

It is also possible that some experiments be wrong, some be good, and theory be bad.
I remember that Michael McCulloch was interested by some rotating disk experiments, trying to explain the results with MiHsC...

Don't remember that the first atomic theories by Rutherford were totally wrong, yet he discovered the electrons without mistake.]]>arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1202/1202.4611.pdf
Quote from Alexander A Martins: “The purpose of the present work is to trace parallels between the known inertia forces in fluiddynamics with the inertia…]]>Sun, 21 May 2017 19:16:49 +0000arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1202/1202.4611.pdf

The purpose of the present work is to trace parallels between the known inertia forces in fluiddynamics with the inertia forces in electromagnetism that are known to induce resistance forces onmasses both due to acceleration and at constant velocity. It is shown that the force exerted on aparticle by an ideal fluid produces two effects: i) resistance to acceleration and, ii) an increase ofmass with velocity. These resistance forces arise due to the fluid dragged by the particle, where thebare mass of the particle at rest changes when in motion (“dressed” particle). It is demonstratedthat the vector potential created by a charged particle in motion acts as an ideal space flow thatsurrounds the particle. The interaction between the particle and the entrained space flow gives riseto the observed properties of inertia and the relativistic increase of mass. Parallels are madebetween the inertia property of matter, electromagnetism and the hydrodynamic drag in potentialflow. Accordingly, in this framework the non resistance of a particle in uniform motion through anideal fluid (D’Alembert’s paradox) corresponds to Newton’s first law. The law of inertia suggeststhat the physical vacuum can be modeled as an ideal fluid, agreeing with the space-time ideal fluidapproach from general relativity.

The present invention relates to a new form of aerial, terrestrial, underwater or space propulsion, achieved through the manipulation (or engineering) of the vacuum with the proper electromagnetic interactions. This vacuum manipulation will allow the use of a new form of propulsion, and has applications in energy production and on the change of the time decay of radioactive elements. Opposing magnetic or electric fields create a mass repelling force, while attracting magnetic or electric fields create a mass attracting force. In particular, this vacuum manipulation process can be used to propel a mass (6) that contains the field sources that perturb the vacuum. One possible application is the creation of a repulsion point (48) in space through the interference of two or more longitudinal electrodynamic wave beams (46), which cause a repulsion force on mass (6).

Claims

1. Device for vacuum manipulation (antigravity propulsion through the repulsion or attraction of a mass like planet Earth (7) or a general mass (6)), characterized by a geometric (or not geometric) arrangement of at least one pair (two magnets or any other number) of magnets (20) with the north pole or the south pole in opposition (disposed in the same parallel plane, or at a perpendicular plane, or at any desired angle or angles) ; or were the magnets are arranged symmetrically (circular, hexagonal or any other) or asymmetrically (semicircular, conic, pyramidal, or any other) ; or by the magnets being disposed in a way to oppose the magnetic vector potential component (with magnetic poles face to face, or side to side, or at any other angle) in order to stress the vacuum and create a gravitational repulsive force on nearby masses (if the mentioned magnets are disposed with the magnetic vector potentials in attraction, with their vectors in the same direction, then they would generate an attractive gravitational force instead) ; or by the possibility of using a grid of multiple repelling (or attracting) magnets (20) with (or without) coil or coils (14) wrapped around them (each magnet or the whole or partial assembly of magnets) ; or by one or more magnets being wrapped by one or more coils (14) .
...

I find it quite weird, but some thinks it may be related to EmDrive. Maybe someone can explain the possible parallels.
I don't understand enough to have a serious opinion ]]>spacefellowship.com/news/art50…ek-on-the-space-show.html
Quote from Klaus Schmidt : “The Space Show, hosted by David Livingston at TheSpaceShow.com, will have the following guests this week:
1. Monday, March 6, 2017, 2-3:30 PM PST (22-23:30…]]>Wed, 08 Mar 2017 17:02:58 +0000spacefellowship.com/news/art50…ek-on-the-space-show.html

The Space Show, hosted by David Livingston at TheSpaceShow.com, will have the following guests this week:

1. Monday, March 6, 2017, 2-3:30 PM PST (22-23:30 GMT)
EmDrive analysis with Dr. M.E.(Mike) McCulloch.
School of Marine Science and Engineering (Faculty of Science & Environment).
Lecturer in geomatics (the maths of positioning in space), with research interests in physics. Author of Physics from the Edge

]]>Fri, 06 Jan 2017 13:56:35 +0000
<br/>
Early life[edit]<br/>
Jennison was born in Grimsby, England, in 1922. His education was at Clee Grammar School for Boys.[1] He was commissioned from RAF aircrew to the Technical Branch-Signals, where he developed radar and microwave systems using the Magnetron.<br/>
<br/>
Radio astronomy[edit]<br/>
In the 1950s he developed a new observable for obtaining information about visibility phases in an interferometer when delay errors are present called the closure phase.[2][3] He performed the first measurements of closure phase at optical wavelengths. Jennison saw greater potential for his technique in radio interferometry, and proposed that it should be tested on a three-element radio interferometer at Jodrell Bank. In 1958 he successfully demonstrated its effectiveness at radio wavelengths, but it only became widely used for long baseline radio interferometry in 1974. A minimum of three antennas are required. This method was used for the first VLBI measurements, and a modified form of this approach ("Self-Calibration") is still used today at radio, optical and infrared wavelengths.<br/>
<br/>
Academic career[edit]<br/>
Jennison was appointed to the University of Kent at Canterbury in 1965 and was the first Professor of Physical Electronics at the University. Within a year he established the Electronics Laboratory (later Department of Electronics and now School of Engineering and Digital Arts) at the University. Prior to his appointment at Kent he was Senior Lecturer in Radio Astronomy at Jodrell Bank Observatory and Senior Lecturer in Physics, Manchester University.<br/>
<br/>
His research interests extended to relativity, studying paths of light in rotating systems, and also to studying ball lightning and water divining.</t>]]></s>Next Big Future recently relayed<e></e></URL> an <URL url="https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.00454"><s></s>arxiv article about Mbelek and Lachièze-Rey scalar…]]>Thu, 05 Jan 2017 08:50:11 +0000</s>Next Big Future recently relayed<e></e></URL> an <URL url="https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.00454"><s></s>arxiv article about Mbelek and Lachièze-Rey scalar tensor theory of gravitation<e></e></URL>, that try to explains the thrust of Emdrive-ike devices :
<QUOTE author="F. O. Minotti"><s>

F. O. Minotti wrote:

</s>
<B><s></s>Revaluation of Mbelek and Lachièze-Rey scalar tensor theory of gravitation to explain the measured forces in asymmetric resonant cavities<br/>
<e></e></B><br/>
<I><s></s>F. O. Minotti<e></e></I><br/>
<br/>
The scalar-tensor theory of gravitation proposed by Mbelek and Lachièze-Rey has been shown to lead to a possible explanation of the forces measured in asymmetric resonant microwave cavities. However, in the derivation of the equations from the action principle some inconsistencies were observed, like the need no to vary the electromagnetic invariant in a scalar source term. Also, the forces obtained were too high, in view of reconsideration of the experiments originally reported and of newly published results. In the present work the equations are re-derived using the full variation of the action, and also the constant of the theory re-evaluated employing the condition that no anomalous gravitational effects are produced by the earth's magnetic field. It is shown that the equations originally employed were correct, and that the newly evaluated constant gives the correct magnitude for the forces recently reported
<e>

</e></QUOTE>

Yet another theory.<br/>
<br/>
NextbigFuture explains that the theory was invented as an evolution of GR to explains the galacy rotation anomalies (like what MoND and MiHsC try)
<QUOTE author="NextBigFuture"><s>

NextBigFuture wrote:

</s>The scalar-tensor (ST) gravitational theory of Mbelek and Lachièze-Rey (MLR), has the allows electromagnetic (EM) fields to modify the space-time metric far more strongly than predicted by General Relativity and standard ST theories.<br/>
The theory was applied in cosmological and galactic contexts, and it was used to explain the discordant measurements of Newton gravitational constant as due to the effect of the earth’s magnetic field. It was further shown that a ST theory of the MLR type could explain the unusual forces on asymmetric resonant cavities reported at that time.<e>