Defending Bowe Bergdahl

U.S. Army Lt. Col. Frank Rosenblatt '06 says he always found military justice — with its uniforms and traditions carried over from 18th-century England — exciting because it offered the drama of real-world events played out in a courtroom.

That drama was kicked up a notch when Rosenblatt was assigned to defend Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl against charges of desertion and misbehavior before the enemy.

"It's been an interesting and complex case," Rosenblatt said. "The level of animosity towards Sgt. Bergdahl has been extraordinary."

Bergdahl left his combat outpost in Afghanistan's Paktika province June 30, 2009, and was quickly captured by the Taliban. He was a prisoner of the Taliban for five years before he was freed through a controversial swap with Guantanamo Bay prisoners May 31, 2014. Questions soon arose over why Bergdahl left his post and the consequences for his fellow soldiers, however. The former POW is now scheduled to face a court martial starting Aug. 8.

Even as he confronts a potential life sentence, Bergdahl is telling his story on the second season of "Serial," the Peabody Award–winning podcast that last year focused on a murder case and featured UVA Law's Innocence Project Clinic. The publicity surrounding Bergdahl's case has grown further since presidential candidate Donald Trump called him a "no-good traitor" who should be executed.

"We want Sgt. Bergdahl to have a fair trial," Rosenblatt said.

Now deputy chief of the U.S. Army Trial Defense Service in Fort Belvoir, Virginia, Rosenblatt joined the military through ROTC while studying at James Madison University, to help pay for college. After college he served for five years as an Army officer in South Korea, the Balkans and eventually with the 82nd Airborne Division as it pushed into Iraq in 2003.

On the Move, But Keeping UVA Law Connections

Though "I never really have a boring day," Rosenblatt said, one universal challenge of military life is moving frequently.

"When I move to a place my job is waiting for me and I can hit the ground running," he said. It's a lot tougher for his wife, who has been able to maintain a career in civil litigation through taking multiple bar exams and dedication. "I've definitely got the easier end of the bargain."

Rosenblatt praised his wife's efforts, as well as the work of Eleanor Magers Vuono '95, founder and president of the Military Spouse J.D. Network. The organization works with states to ease bar requirements for J.D.-holding spouses, as well as provides networking opportunities.

Even several years after graduation, Rosenblatt kept up his connections to UVA Law professors. Anne Coughlin "was a force to behold," both as a teacher and in her work with the Molly Pitcher Project, a group of students who helped challenge the military's ban on women in combat, which was lifted late last year. Rosenblatt advised Coughlin on a conference Coughlin organized at West Point on the subject and related matters.

For UVA Law students or young alums who might be considering the JAG Corps, Rosenblatt pointed out that a job as a military lawyer doesn't require a long-term commitment. And "you're instantly put in positions of responsibility where you can help soldiers with their legal issues or assist commanders with planning military operations or hone advocacy skills at courts-martial and administrative hearings. The work is very satisfying."

Rosenblatt added that UVA Law is strongly represented in the Army's JAG leadership, with three of eight generals holding degrees from the Law School: Brig. Gens. Charles N. Pede '87, commander/commandant of the Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School; Paul S. Wilson '89, commander of the Army's Legal Services Agency and chief judge of the U.S. Army Court of Criminal Appeals; and Richard Gross '93, legal counsel to the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

The Army would pay for Rosenblatt's dream of going to law school if he committed to the Judge Advocate General's Corps for six more years, a deal he was happy to take. At UVA Law, he was president of the Human Rights Study Project, leading a small team of students to Syria and Lebanon to study human rights, coincidentally as early signs of the 2005 Arab Spring were emerging. But he found his calling in criminal law during his first year after a "wonderfully creative and historically rich" lecture on Rex v. Manley by Professor John Jeffries.

"UVA ably prepared me for the craft of the legal profession," Rosenblatt said. "What I enjoyed most was law school as a creative outlet: being around professors and students who were coming up with new ways of thinking about old problems, such as my classmate Leslie Kendrick's work on criminally instructive speech." (Kendrick is now a professor at the school.)

In his years as a JAG lawyer after law school, Rosenblatt was stationed in Fort Carson, Colorado, where he prosecuted crimes by service members, including war crimes and felonies committed at home and abroad; spent a year in Charlottesville to earn an LL.M. in criminal law; served as a lawyer for a combat brigade in Fort Bliss, Texas; and then returned to Iraq in 2011, where he and others helped manage the military's withdrawal. With the U.S. military’s mandate in Iraq soon to expire, one challenge, he said, was what to do with people who were captured in the act of attacking U.S. forces. The people of Kirkuk were willing to help, though.

"We brought cases against insurgents to the local courts, alleging violations of Iraqi laws such as assault, conspiracy, attempted murder and murder," he said. "We had several good results in Kirkuk, in no small part because of the courage and ability of local judges. Their work was a statement that Kirkuk was a city with a normal civic life, not a war zone.”

The process of trying insurgents in local courts, which Rosenblatt called "the Kirkuk method," originated with his predecessors in Iraq, including Majs. Kate Gowel '06 and Chris Hartley LL.M. '12.

Following a year in the Army's Command and General's Staff College, he spent two years in Hawaii working as a legal adviser for the military’s Special Operations Command for the Asia-Pacific Region. Rosenblatt, who is married to classmate Alexandra Rodu Rosenblatt '06, moved with his family to Arlington last summer to take on his current post supporting 150 defense attorneys around the world.

"Military defense attorneys are independent from the chain of command, which means they're often by themselves at an installation without a lot of local support nearby," he said. "We try to support defense attorneys throughout the Army so they can do their jobs effectively and zealously, which in turn gives soldiers confidence that they will receive fair treatment in the military justice process."

Rosenblatt said the twists and turns in his career, whether changing from prosecution to defense, or working at home or abroad, are not unusual for a military lawyer.

"I’ve enjoyed all of my jobs," he said. "Military attorneys are rotated frequently so that they become broadly skilled in different areas of the law. This is thought to increase their effectiveness during military operations."

Though based in Northern Virginia, he often makes trips to Fort Bragg, North Carolina, for hearings and trials, including Bergdahl's pretrial hearings. In that case, he serves with civilian lawyer Eugene Fidell, a Yale Law School lecturer and well-known military law expert. Fidell and Rosenblatt are working together on a military justice casebook, along with Dwight H. Sullivan '86, with the Defense Department's Office of General Counsel, and UC-Hastings College of the Law dean Elizabeth L. Hillman.

The defense team faced a setback in December when an Army general sent the case to a general court martial, where Bergdahl faces the possibility of a life sentence, rather than a special court martial, in which the maximum sentence would be a year in prison. An investigating officer and preliminary hearing officer had each previously recommended that Bergdahl’s case did not merit jail time.

"The convening authority did not follow the advice of the preliminary hearing officer who heard the witnesses," Fidell said in a statement about the general court martial decision. The defense team "hoped the case would not go in this direction."

That decision came days after Bergdahl's first interview on "Serial" was released. In the podcasts, Bergdahl has detailed the torture and arduous conditions he faced during captivity.

An independent Army psychiatry board that reviewed Bergdahl's case said he had a "severe mental disease or defect" at the time he left the outpost.

"We are grateful for the many military service providers and professionals who, after he was returned, have assisted him in getting things back together," Rosenblatt said. "I like Sgt. Bergdahl, I enjoy working for him, and I respect him."