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You tend to worry…… and you cannot get the worrisome thoughts out of your mind.

You leave the house, but go back again and again to check whether you locked the door….. turned off the gas burner…… left the iron on and so on

You save years and years of old magazines and news papers because some day you might need the article.

You repeat certain numbers or words in your head to feel “good” or “safe”.

You need to arrange objects- like things on a shelf or in a drawer- in a certain way or in a special pattern.

You won’t use a public bathroom because you might become contaminated.

You get upset if other people touch your things.

If so, then you might be suffering from an obsessive- compulsive disorder!!!!

The human beings are the only species on this earth with the capacity to look at themselves and think about how things should be around them. That is why the curse of endless worrying has been with us since the beginning of humankind. Under normal circumstances this can lead to great achievements, but occasionally the ability to wonder, to want, to plan, to feel, becomes an affliction.

We have a perception of world that it cannot be completely safe and perfect. From time to time, each of us goes through days in which we become excessively preoccupied about failing, about losing the things or people we love, about the pressures of responsibility. Eventually we accept that we are not perfect, that it is ok to make mistakes that we cannot expect to control the future. On the inside everyone is extremely anxious because we are unable to tolerate uncertainty and imperfection and this need to ensure certainty, safety, and perfection has turned into a continuous nightmare. For the past thirty years psychologists and psychiatrists have been researching how to effectively help people stop such needless worries and compulsions, and thousand around the world have participated in these studies, with great success. The good news is that many people who worry and repeat unnecessary behaviors can now find an easy way out and begin to enjoy life in our imperfect world.

What is obsessive compulsive disorder?

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by unwanted thoughts or behaviors that seem impossible to stop or control. If you have OCD, you may be troubled by obsessions, such as a recurring worry that you forgot to turn off the oven or that you might hurt someone. You may also suffer from uncontrollable compulsions, such as washing your hands over and over, often plagues a person with persistent, unwelcome thoughts or images, or by the urgent need to engage in certain rituals.

Obsessions are the impulses people have which reoccur over and over again. Feeling excessively worried about the hands being dirty for example are obsessive feelings. In order to make the obsessive feelings go away the compulsions are performed. Excessively washing the hands are compulsions. Some common OCD's are touching, nail biting, excessive double-checking, counting, hand washing, cleaning, hoarding, praying and ordering/arranging. Sufferers ofObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) experience repetitive, intrusive and unwelcome impulses and doubts which they find hard to ignore., they tend to perform what are seen as bizarre rituals such as frequently washing hands and clothes, obsessive checking and counting, and refusing to throw anything away. These symptoms can be both obsessive and compulsive.

OCD sufferers often feel that they need to perform these rituals to release a buildup of anxiety and to be able to get through their daily lives, despite the fact that they cause a good deal of distress to both themselves and the people around them, but these rituals are actually coping mechanisms for most sufferers. Fortunately there is a cure for this disorder.

You need to realize that OCD is not a mental problem but simply a behavioral one that can be easily cured. Every person has obsessive thoughts and these thoughts are generated by the general perceptions of the world that it the world is not a completely safe and perfect place. Everyone knows that keeping house not properly locked may lead to theft, forgetting to switch off a gas stove shall result in devastating fire in the house, and such things happen every day , every one takes care with necessary precautions. Checking locks before leaving the house is a normal activity but repeatedly checking it number of times indicate disorder. Similarly checking if the gas stove is properly switched off is a normal activity but doing so repeatedly shows symptoms of OCD.

Excessive Repetitions And Anxiety Which Interferes With Your Daily Functioning Becomes A Problem And The Disorder Needs Expert Medical Advice And Treatment.

Obsessions

Obsessive behavior is a key part of obsessive compulsive disorder. Obsessive behavior can take several forms, including:

Recurrent negative thoughts, impulses and images that invade the mind, and persistently cause anxiety and discomfort.

The attempted suppression of these thoughts, impulses and images.

Unlike general anxiety disorder, these negative thoughts are more than simply an exaggerated form of everyday worries. Sufferers will invariably spend a considerable amount of time trying to quash them (to no avail), which causes significant distress and anxiety.

Worry and Obsession

Worries involve thoughts that produce distress and anxiety but the specific uncomfortable thoughts involved in worrying change from one day to the next. For instance, your boss passes you in the corridor without smiling at you, you may worry, “may be he is angry at me.” This thought may trouble you for hours that day. But the next day you forget this worry and may move to another one.

Obsessions, on the other hand, are relatively stable worries: The same negative thoughts, images, or impulses come again and again and are distressing, frightening, and often sham producing. The individual’s attempts to dismiss them are mostly unsuccessful.

The content of obsession varies from one individual to another. Some obsessions are persistent worries about becoming sick. Others are about neglecting one’s responsibilities and thus causing harm: failing to turn off gas burner and setting the house on fire, or forgetting to lock the house at night and fear of theft. More severe forms of obsessions are about contamination, such as contact with germs through picking up objects or touching someone. Still others involve concern about unwillingly committing violent acts, such as poisoning someone or stabbing someone’s child.

No one wants to remain anxious with negative thoughts and seek ways to get relief from worrying and obsessing. We hope to undo the obsessions and prevent the terrible, feared consequence from occurring and adopt certain behavior or thoughts called compulsions, or rituals, to gain relief. Although such behavior can be persistent, repetitious, unwanted and hard to resist, these are the ways one learns by oneself to control the worry. So each time the worries begin, you feel an urge to repeat the learnt behavior and perform the ritual. Simply put, obsessions are thoughts or images that produce your distress; compulsions are any actions or thoughts that reduce this distress.

Compulsions

OCD sufferers are prone to compulsive behavior. This can occur in conjunction with obsessive behavior, or it may exist alone. As with obsessions, compulsive behavior is intended to counteract the fear of a specific event happening.

google_protectAndRun("ads_core.google_render_ad", google_handleError, google_render_ad); For example, many OCD sufferers believe that if they do not go through their compulsive rituals, something bad will undoubtedly happen as a direct result. Because of this, compulsive behavior can cause much distress, and it is very uncommon for it to cause any degree of pleasure to the sufferer. Compulsive behavior can include:

Repeatedly checking behavior, such as frequently washing your hands and clothes (for fear of contamination), checking the lights are switched off, electrical appliances are turned off and that the doors are locked. In many cases, this can involve several trips back to make sure that the switch was definitely flipped or that the door was definitely locked, just to make doubly sure

The cause or causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are still not fully understood. There is, however, some evidence that abnormal functioning of the brain's circuitry may be one of the potential causes of the condition. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is not caused by family problems or by attitudes learned in childhood, such as an inordinate emphasis on cleanliness or a belief that certain thoughts are dangerous or unacceptable.

Understanding the Brain and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

There is growing evidence that obsessive-compulsive disorder represents unbalance of brain chemistry, probably involving a part of the brain called the striatum. Brain imaging studies using a technique called positron emission tomography (PET) have compared people with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder. Those with the condition have patterns of brain activity that differ from people with other mental illnesses or from people with no mental illness at all. In addition, PET scans show that in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder, both behavioral therapy and medication produce changes in the striatum.

Common Symptoms

Anxious thoughts or rituals you feel you can't control

Persistent, unwelcome thoughts or images

An urgent need to engage in certain rituals

Obsession with germs or dirt so that you wash your hands over and over

Feeling filled with doubt

Feeling the need to check things repeatedly

Frequent thoughts of violence

Fear that you will harm people close to you

Long periods of touching things or counting

Preoccupation with order or symmetry

Persistent thoughts of performing sexual acts that are repugnant to you

Being troubled by thoughts that are against your religious beliefs.

Causes Of OCD

There has been a good deal of research carried out over the past few years regarding the causes of OCD. It has been speculated that there might be several kinds of OCD and that, in particular, OCD that starts in childhood may be different from that which begins in adulthood.

Chemical and brain dysfunction

One cause that is gaining ground concerns the probability that there is a level of brain dysfunction in many OCD sufferers. This does not mean that people with this problem have damaged brains or that their reasoning functions are inferior to those who do not have OCD.

The chemical messenger- Serotonin seems to be heavily involved. Serotonin is a chemical called a neurotransmitter that allows nerve cells to communicate with each other by working in the space between nerve cells, called the synaptic cleft. According to research, Serotonin is involved with biological processes such as mood, aggression, sleep, appetite and pain. It also seems that Serotonin is capable of connecting to nerve cells in the brain in many different ways and so can cause many different responses. It is not yet fully established if it is all or part of the Serotonin chemical or another chemical entirely acting on it or a malfunction in one or more of the receptors in the brain that Serotonin attaches to that causes the OCD problems.

Brain scans have also shown that people with OCD often have abnormalities within the brain, particularly in the orbital cortex (the part of the brain above the eyes) and in deeper structures such as the Basal Ganglia and Thalmus. This research suggests that the communication between these parts of the brain does not function correctly. Basically, when anxiety rises in the OCD sufferer, a circuit of inappropriate response happens between these parts of the brain.

As the deeper, primitive part of the brain is not the part that is involved with reasoning, it is not possible to ‘talk yourself’ out of an over response. As the various parts of the brain have different levels of priority and urgency, the ‘message’ being sent can cause great confusion to the reasoning brain, “the Cortex”. For example, the Thalmus processes sensory images coming to the brain from the rest of the body, while the Caudate Nucleus, part of the Basal Gangli in the centre of the brain controls and sorts sensory information and does thought filtering, when these messages are being misinterpreted, ‘misfiring’, the thinking part of the brain is naturally confused and is responding chemically to a threat perceived by the primitive, non-reasoning part of the brain with rational doubt of the threat’s danger, but a major need to response as if the danger is real. In effect, the Caudate Nucleus is letting unnecessary thoughts and impulses through to the Cortex where the thoughts and emotions combine; and an over active Cingulate Nucleus at the brain’s centre, which helps shift attention from one thought or behaviour to another, becomes over active and gets stuck on certain behaviours, thoughts or ideas. The Cingulate is that part of the brain which tells the OCD sufferer that something terrible will happen if the compulsions are not carried out…………………………………..

So, with the Thalmus sending messages that makes this person (probably very uncomfortable) aware of everything around him or her and the Caudate Nucleus opening the floodgates to intrusive thoughts, the Cortex is perceiving major problems that feed in to the ‘fight or flight’, or major danger response. The Cingulate Gyrus then demands that compulsions are carried out to relieve the terrible anxiety feelings.

It can be seen from this that, trying to ‘think’ oneself free of OCD within the problem and using the problem’s own parameters, is not a reasonable option.

It is important to be able to differentiate between what the primitive and rational brains are saying to understand the true situation.

Bear in mind that the part of the brain responsible for OCD, functions very much on the same emotional level as that of a two year old. Reasoned argument is, therefore, pointless.

Genetics

Many studies show that OCD sufferers have a family member with the problem or with one of the other ‘OCD –Spectrum’ of disorders. These are, excessive concern about minor or imagined defects in appearance, fear of having a serious disease despite tests and reassurance by medical professionals, binge eating, and behavior such as pulling out scalp hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, body hair, even that of others such as children or pets. However the possibility that it is inherited genetically is not yet conclusive.
Some other studies show that a sufferer of OCD had a member of the immediate family with the problem or with obsessive symptoms. Other studies tend to suggest that if one parent has OCD the chances of the child having it are between 2% and 8%. Here again, if the parent has family members with the problem, the chances of the child contracting it increase and if the parent has no family history of OCD, they decrease. A point to bear in mind concerning children is that OCD can involve increased stress and poor eating habits, particularly if the problem relates to food. Children with OCD might then not do too well physically and be prone to stress related problems like headache and upset stomach.

Psychodynamic Theories

Psychodynamic theories of OCD explain that obsessions and compulsions are signs of unconscious conflict that you might be trying to suppress and resolve or cope with. These conflicts arise when an unconscious wish (usually related to a sexual or aggressive urge) is at odds with socially acceptable behavior. It has been suggested that when these conflicts are extremely repulsive or distressing, you can only deal with them indirectly by transferring the conflict to something more manageable such as hand-washing, checking or ordering. Although it has been suggested that making the person aware of these conflicts can reduce symptoms of OCD, there is little scientific evidence that this actually works. These theories are not given much weight nowadays, although it is always useful to be aware of the role of guilt feelings in OCD.

Life

Guilt and shame seem to occur strongly in some people’s OCD, particularly that of young people. ‘Tendency’ also seems to play a large part in this disorder, as in children inheriting a disposition towards OC problems or learning anxiety and guilt from parents or ‘significant other’ people in their lives. Why some people have a tendency towards neurosis and others don’t is very difficult to say. Children tend to feel guilty about their natural needs from a very early age and it can be said that guilt and feeling over-responsible is endemic to obsessive people of our culture.

The cause of OCD is probably a mix of many factors described above, including neurobiological, environmental influences and the way we think.

WHAT CAN BE DONE ABOUT IT

Obsessive-compulsive disorder treatment can be difficult. However, OCD treatment can help you bring symptoms under control so that they don't rule your daily life.
The two main treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder are:

Psychotherapy and behavior modification using different techniques to reprogram the subconscious mind.

Medications

Which option is best for you depend on your personal situation and preferences often, treatment is most effective with a combination of psychotherapy and behavior modification using different techniques to reprogram the subconscious mind?

However there are some medications which can help you. These are very effective for some people, and less so for others. One of the main worries with OCD medications is that they can lead to undesirable side effects. These drugs will often suppress underlying problems, only to find when the patient stops taking the drug, the symptoms re appear again. There is a higher relapse rate from medication treatments for OCD than from using an alternate therapy. Medication cannot teach coping and problem solving skills, or protect against reoccurrence of obsession and compulsion. However, it would be unfair to say that nobody gets relief from medication, and in some instances it is definitely required.

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