Although police have cautioned that they are yet to establish the circumstances or motive behind Mohammed Abu-Khder's murder, many quickly jumped to conclude that the killing was the work of Jewish extremists "avenging" the murders of three Israeli teens Eyal Yifrah, Gilad Sha'ar and Naftali Frenkel. Speculation that the killing was a "revenge attack" - first raised by Jerusalem Mayor Nir Barkat - was soon repeated by Arab leaders, and helped sparked riots throughout Beit Hanina and Shuafat.

In two of the videos, seen below, rioters can be launching potentially-lethal fireworks and firebombs at riot police.

Apart from hurling rocks, firebombs and other projectiles at police, rioters also destroyed portions of Jerusalem's light rail, causing substantial damage which could take months to fix and leaving several Jerusalem suburbs without little or no public transport.

But soon after the speculation over the murder began, doubts have been raised over the "revenge" theory. Most recently, a Channel Two report claimed that Abu-Khder's parents had given conflicting testimony to police over a previous alleged attempted kidnapping of their younger son. Mohammed's mother had claimed that "settlers" had attempted to snatch the boy, while the father insisted he was certain that the would-be kidnappers were in fact Arabs.

Apart from the violence itself, protesters can be heard chanting anti-Semitic slogans, including the Islamist war cry "Khyber Khyber ya-Yahud, Jaish el-Muhammed Soufa ya'ud / Remember Khyber oh Jews! The army of Mohammed will return!" The chant is a reference to the indiscriminate slaughter and enslavement of the Jewish city of Khyber by Muslim armies under the command of the founder of Islam, and often used by Muslim extremists as a rallying cry (see below).