The decomposition of cyclohexane (c-C(6)H(12)) was studied in a shock tube using the laser-schlieren technique over the temperature range 1300-2000 K and for 25-200 Torr in mixtures of 2%, 4%, 10%, and 20% cyclohexane in Kr. Vibrational relaxation of the cyclohexane was also examined in 10 experiments covering 1100-1600 K ...

Optical conductivity [sigma(omega)] of YbS has been measured under pressure up to 20 GPa. Below 8 GPa, sigma(omega) is low since YbS is an insulator with an energy gap between a fully occupied 4f state and an unoccupied conduction (c) band. Above 8 GPa, however, sigma(omega) increases dramatically, developing a ...

This work describes the first example to demonstrate the enhancement of performances of composite highly energetic materials by mean of employing standard CuO nano-powder as burning rate catalyst in comparison to micro-fillers. The solid composite propellants with CuO microparticles are less stable due to oversensitivity to pressure variations, but the ...

While a variety of in-vitro models have been employed to investigate the response of load-bearing tissues to hydrostatic pressure, long-term studies are limited by the need to provide for adequate gas exchange during pressurization. Applying compression in vitro may alter the equilibrium of the system and thereby disrupt the gas ...

Novel experimental techniques are developed to measure the rapid changes in specimen dimensions during dynamic triaxial experiments. A capacitance gage is designed and constructed to measure the diameter change of the specimen inside the pressure chamber at both low and high rates. The length change is determined by a linear ...

The fourteen kinds of pressure-transmitting media were evaluated by the ruby fluorescence method at room temperature, 77 K using the diamond anvil cell (DAC) up to 10 GPa in order to find appropriate media for use in low temperature physics. The investigated media are a 1:1 mixture by volume of ...

High pressure homogenization (HPH) at 300 MPa in apple juice provides more than 5-log kill of ascospores of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, conidiospores of filamentous fungi, and sporulated black yeasts. HPH and heat treatment were more effective against vegetative cells than against the spores of yeasts used in this study. Ascospores of ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Modern computed tomographic scanners and examination protocols often require high injection rates of iodinated contrast media (CM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the maximum injection pressures (MIPs) with different CM at different temperatures in the most common intravenous cannula (IVC) sizes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ...

The interplay between superconductivity and the charge-density wave (CDW) state in pure 1T-TiSe(2) is examined through a high-pressure study extending up to pressures of 10 GPa between sub-Kelvin and room temperatures. At a critical pressure of 2 GPa a superconducting phase sets in and persists up to pressures of 4 ...

Mechanical conditioning represents a potential means to enhance the biochemical and biomechanical properties of tissue-engineered cell constructs. Bioreactors that can simulate physiologic conditions can play an important role in the preparation of tissue-engineered constructs. Although various forms of bioreactor systems are currently available, these have certain limitations, particularly when these ...

The ternary iron chalcogenide, Fe(1.03)Se(0.57)Te(0.43) is a member of the recently discovered family of Fe-based superconductors with an ambient pressure T(c) of 13.9 K and a simple structure comprising layers of edge-sharing distorted Fe(Se/Te)(4) tetrahedra separated by a van der Waals gap. Here we study the relationship between its structural ...

We present a systematic study of the temperature and pressure dependence of the growth rate of vertically aligned small diameter (single- and few-walled) carbon nanotube forests grown by thermal chemical vapor deposition over the temperature range 560-800 degrees C and 10(-5) to 14 mbar partial pressure range, using acetylene as ...

We report on small-angle x-ray scattering measurements on liquid water aimed at characterizing the pressure evolution of its large-scale structure. Diffraction profiles have been fitted assuming a Lorentzian dependence on the exchanged momentum. As a result, we observe an anomalous behavior of the diffracted intensity that tends to disappear, increasing ...

The deuterated homopolymers and their corresponding polystyrene-block-polybutadiene and polystyrene-block-polyisoprene copolymers require lower cloud pressures than their hydrogenous analogues to dissolve in a compressible alkane solvent, such as propane. For symmetric diblocks, deuteration reduces the micellization pressure. By contrast, for asymmetric diblocks with a long diene block relative to the styrene ...

In this study, we investigated further the large increases in retention with pressure that we observed previously in RP-LC especially for ionised solutes. These findings were initially confirmed on a conventional silica C(18) column, which gave extremely similar results to the hybrid C(18) phase originally used. Large increases in retention ...

Mechanical effects have been demonstrated to activate periprosthetic osteoclasts and hence to promote bone resorption. However, the periprosthetic mechanical effect on osteoblast function is not clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the high pressure on bone caused by a prosthesis affects periprosthetic osteoblast function. We ...

Alfalfa sprouts contaminated with Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 have been implicated in several outbreaks of foodborne illnesses in recent years. The seed used for sprouting appears to be the primary source of pathogens. Seed decontamination prior to sprouting presents a unique challenge for the sprouting industry since cells of ...

Application of physical pressure to a ferromagnetic bisdiselenazolyl radical leads to a decrease in pi-stack slippage. Initially, this leads to an increase in the ferromagnetic ordering temperature T(C), which reaches a maximum of 21 K near 1 GPa. At higher pressures, as the pi-stacks become more nearly superimposed, the value ...

We present a theoretical and experimental study on sensitivity enhancement of a fiber-loop cavity ring-down pressure sensor. The cladding of the sensing fiber is etched in hydrofluoric acid solution to enhance its sensitivity. The experimental results demonstrate that the pressure applied on the sensing fiber is linearly proportional to the ...

As the simplest stable boron hydride in its condensed phase, diborane exhibits an interesting structural chemistry with uniquely bridged hydrogen bonds. Here we report the first room-temperature infrared (IR) absorption spectra of solid diborane compressed to pressures as high as 50 GPa using a diamond anvil cell. At room temperature ...

Experimental conditions can affect the outcome of bacterial stress-tolerance assays. Growth conditions that optimize microbial recovery should be established to help evaluate the effectiveness of treatment conditions for food safety. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of growth and recovery temperatures on pressure resistance of early ...

Murine norovirus-1 (MNV) is currently the most suitable surrogate for human norovirus. The mechanism of MNV-1 inactivation by high pressure processing (HPP) was investigated. HPP-treated MNV could not bind to its target receptor and therefore could not initiate infection of mouse RAW cells. The integrity of the capsid was not ...

Single-crystal samples of the 1:1 adduct between cyanuric acid and melamine (CA.M), an outstanding case of noncovalent synthesis, have been studied by Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell up to pressures of 15 GPa. The abrupt changes in Raman spectra around 4.4 GPa have provided ...

Novel inactivation methods are needed to control the spread of foodborne viruses responsible for nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. The advent of high-pressure homogenization combining high pressure, shear stress, and cavitation provides the opportunity to evaluate this technology for viral inactivation in fluid foods under continuous processing conditions. Our objective was to ...

BACKGROUND: Cooler temperature dialysate (TD) has gained in popularity in the treatment of hypotension during hemodialysis (HD). In this study we verified the hypothesis of an eventual involvement of cytokines. METHODS: Four patients on regular HD underwent two 4-hour HD sessions once at 37 degrees C TD and once at ...

We hypothesized that chloroplast energy imbalance sensed through alterations in the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, measured as excitation pressure, governs the extent of variegation in the immutans mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. To test this hypothesis, we developed a nondestructive imaging technique and used it to quantify ...

The deepest rocks known from within Earth are fragments of normal mantle ( approximately 400 km) and metamorphosed sediments ( approximately 350 km), both found exhumed in continental collision terranes. Here, we report fragments of a highly reduced deep mantle environment from at least 300 km, perhaps very much more, ...

We have studied the spectroscopic properties of OLED materials Alq(3), Gaq(3) and Inq(3) (q = 8-hydroxyquinoline) under pressure. We discuss the results in terms of the influence of structural modifications, the isomeric state and the enhancement of the intermolecular interaction. As-grown Alq(3), Gaq(3), Inq(3) containing meridional (mer) isomer experience a ...

In the epithelia and endothelia, tight junctions regulate the movement of several substances through the paracellular pathway, maintaining several gradients between apical and basal compartments including osmolality and hydrostatic pressure. In this study, we show that the change of hydrostatic pressure gradient affected tight junctions as well as actin cytoskeleton, ...

OBJECTIVES: To test a hypothesis that bladder smooth muscle cells (BSMCs) shift their phenotype from contractile to synthetic in response to elevated hydrostatic pressure. Although mechanical stimuli are needed for development of the bladder, the exact mechanisms for this process are poorly understood. METHODS: Rat BSMCs were exposed to 7.5 ...

High pressure can induce profound changes in solids. A significant barrier to new alloys and ceramics, however, is that targeted starting materials may not react with each other, even with the help of pressure. We use nitrogen, in a new capacity, to incorporate two otherwise unreactive elements, Re and Zn, ...

This study presents a novel extraction technique, ultrahigh pressure extraction, to obtain major catechins from green tea leaves. The effects of various high pressure level (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 MPa) on the extract are examined. HPLC chromatographic analyses determine the concentration of four major catechins and caffeine. The ...

Due to the relationship between compressibility and volume fluctuations, high-pressure studies provide vital insight into protein dynamics and function. Most high-pressure experiments were performed on small and fast folding proteins or model peptides. Here we show that a detailed kinetic study is necessary to extract reliable information from the high-pressure-induced ...

Nitride coatings are increasingly demanded in the cutting- and machining-tool industry owing to their hardness, thermal stability and resistance to corrosion. These properties derive from strongly covalent bonds; understanding the bonding is a requirement for the design of superhard materials with improved capabilities. Here, we report a pressure-induced cubic-to-orthorhombic transition ...

Methods for fine structural and functional analyses of complex and dynamic cell compartments must ensure high temporal resolution together with an excellent fine structural preservation. High-pressure freezing followed by freeze-substitution, and resin embedding is state of the art but its use is limited in combination with preembedding cytochemical techniques. Here ...

The molecular mechanisms underlying pressure-induced protein denaturation can be analyzed based on the pressure-dependent differences in the apparent volume occupied by amino acids inside the protein and when they are exposed to water in an unfolded conformation. We present here an analysis for the peptide group and the 20 naturally ...

The transition from hadronic to quark matter at high density is a strong first order phase transition if the surface tension between the two phases is large. While this implies a constant-pressure mixed phase in cold neutron star matter this is not the case for the hot and lepton rich ...

Monte Carlo simulations combined with the parallel tempering technique are used to study the freezing of Ar, CH(4), and their mixtures in a slit graphite nanopore. For all systems, the solid/liquid coexistence line is located at higher temperature than that for the bulk phase, as expected for fluids for which ...

Vacuum-packaged cooked poultry meat was treated at a range of pressures (400-600 MPa) and hold times (1, 2 and 10 min), followed by storage at 4 degrees , 8 degrees or 12 degrees C for up to 35 days. Weissella viridescens was found to be the dominant microorganism in the ...

A new dual luminescent sensitive paint for barometric pressure and temperature (T) is presented. The green-emitting iridium(III) complex [Ir(ppy)(2)(carbac)] (ppy=2-phenylpyridine; carbac=1-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5,5-dimethylhexane-2,4-dione) was applied as a novel probe for T along with the red-emitting complex [Ir(btpy)(3)], (btpy=2-(benzo[b]thiophene-2-yl)pyridine) which functions as a barometric (in fact oxygen-sensitive) probe. Both iridium complexes were dissolved ...

As a classical electron-deficient molecule with unique hydrogen bridge bonding, diborane has created considerable interest in the structural chemistry. We report here the first evidence of pressure-induced structural transformations of diborane probed by in situ Raman spectroscopy. At pressures around 4 GPa, diborane undergoes a liquid-solid phase transformation to a ...

It has recently been demonstrated that pressure induces folding of the alpha-helix of an alanine-based peptide (AK20), which is a monomer in water (Imamura and Kato, Proteins 2009;76:911-918). The present study focused on a coiled coil peptide GCN4-p1, the alpha-helices of which associate via a hydrophobic core, to examine whether ...

The high temperature and high pressure Brillouin scattering studies of liquid ammonia have been performed in a diamond anvil cell. Acoustic velocity, refractive index, adiabatic bulk modulus, and the equation of state of liquid ammonia were determined at temperatures up to 410 K and at pressures up to the solidification ...

The inactivation of Salmonella typhimurium inoculated into acidified carrot juice subjected to dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) was investigated. The pressures in the study were 10, 20 and 30 MPa, the temperatures were 32, 37 and 42 degrees C, and the treatment time was 5-90 min. The inactivation effect of ...

The combination effects of pressure (200 to 500 MPa) and temperature (20, 40, and 50 degrees C) on the water uptake and gelatinization characteristics of japonica rice (Tainung 71) grains were investigated. Pressure greater than 200 MPa at all temperatures increased the moisture content and volume of rice grains; meanwhile, ...

We introduce the design and capabilities of a resistive heated diamond anvil cell that can be used for side diffraction at simultaneous high pressure and high temperature. The device can be used to study lattice-preferred orientations in polycrystalline samples up to temperatures of 1100 K and pressures of 36 GPa. ...