Last Refuge From Taliban for Afghans May Prove No Refuge at All

KABUL, Afghanistan — Fleeing the encroaching front line in the embattled southern Helmand Province, Haji Abdul Qudus has moved his family many times this year, ending up at a rented home in Lashkar Gah, the provincial capital.

But his family of nine, and the thousands of others from across the province who have been displaced to the small bastion, fear for the worse: what if Lashkar Gah also falls?

For months, a resurgent Taliban, which is making gains across several districts in Helmand, has been holed up in Lashkar Gah’s suburb of Babaji.

The embarrassing prospects of another urban center falling to the insurgents, after the northern city of Kunduz earlier this year, has drawn Afghan reinforcements as well as NATO troops back to Helmand to assist in the operations. The coalition forces also cannot afford the loss of Lashkar Gah for its symbolic value: Helmand was at the heart of President Obama’s surge of troops and resources, and there were more coalition casualties than any other Afghan province.

Helmand, the country’s largest province, is a hub of opium production and offers a strategic advantage because of its location on the border with Pakistan, where the Taliban leadership council is based. Control of the area would give the militants supremacy in the drug business and a sanctuary from which to fight the central government.

The insurgents kept their pressure on Helmand for most of the fighting season this year. When NATO troops declared combat over and made the transition to a smaller training and advising mission, the Afghan government was sidetracked by the surprise intensity of fighting in the north of the country. As Kunduz city fell and several other urban centers in the north came under fire, resources had to be transferred to meet the insurgency’s shift in geographical focus.

But in recent months, the Taliban have once again mounted a bold offensive across Helmand, overrunning or contesting several districts that had been cleared of their presence, though only after many casualties. The Taliban control the districts of Musa Qala, Nawzad, Baghran, and Disho, according to Mohammad Karim Attal, the chief of the Helmand Provincial council. The districts of Sangin, Marja, Khanishin, Nad Ali, and Kajaki have also experienced sustained fighting.

“Overall, two districts of Helmand remain safe with no ongoing fighting, which are the districts of Garmsir and Nawa,” Mr. Attal said. “The rest of the districts have either fallen or under threat.”

The fighting in Helmand has displaced more than 7,000 families this year, according to Ghulam Farooq Noorzai, who leads the refugees and repatriation department. In the last two months alone, the fighting in the Lashkar Gah suburb of Babaji and the districts of Nad Ali and Marja has forced 1,879 families to resettle in Lashkar Gah. More than 5,000 other families, many of them from the northern districts that have seen heavy fighting, settled largely in Gereshk District, but the uptick in violence in Gereshk is forcing them on the move again.

“There is no work opportunity in Laskhar Gah and people are living with their relatives and they are becoming a burden,” Mr. Noorzai said. “And people are worried and not feeling safe even in Lashkar Gah because the battle is getting closer. We have problems in Babaji, which is a suburb that has turned into a frontline for one-and-a-half months, and the situation is not changing for the better.”

Much of the government’s focus in recent weeks has been Mr. Qudus’s home district of Sangin, which has largely been overrun by the Taliban. After days of Taliban control over the district center, Afghan commandos finally seem to be making progress, officials and local residents said Sunday.

“The Sangin situation is a little bit improved,” Mr. Attal said. “The commandos are now fighting with the Taliban and have pushed them out of district compounds.”

After months of surrounding the Sangin district, at the crossroads of the lucrative drug trade, the Taliban last week overwhelmed it as the police forces and the civilian government retreated to an army base and remained besieged there for days. British forces, in addition to the American Special Operations forces already in Helmand, rushed to support the Afghan troops. The United States also conducted airstrikes to prevent the Taliban from taking the last base in the district, where hundreds of Afghan forces were reportedly located.

Bahaulddin Khan, a wounded local police commander who was airlifted from the siege by Afghan commandos on Wednesday, said the noose around the district had tightened over the last three months. The commandos struggled to land at the base because of Taliban fire, succeeding only on their third attempt.

“We were fighting with lack of ammunition and on empty stomachs,” said Mr. Khan, who lost 18 men. “Our police were really committed to their jobs and were defending the district, but one post fell after another because of a lack of attention and finally Taliban got the courage to attack the bazaar.”

At first, the Taliban pushed the police from their posts to the police headquarters, but the insurgents also managed to climb the security towers at the headquarters from where they could easily target the police, inflicting heavy casualties.

“We did not even have first-aid medication — just bandage to wrap the wounds,” Mr. Khan said, “I saw six police die before us due to bleeding.”

In another brutal twist to the long war, four fighters affiliated with the Islamic State were beheaded in eastern Afghanistan by a militia belonging to a powerful Afghan lawmaker, local officials in Nangarhar Province said Sunday.

Nearly 200 militiamen belonging to Hajji Zaher Qadir, who serves as the deputy speaker of the Afghan Parliament, have been fighting ISIS-affiliated groups that control large parts of Achin district in Nangarhar. The government in Kabul has denounced the militia’s actions as illegal.

On Saturday, both sides had taken hostages, and the ISIS group beheaded Mr. Qadir’s fighters first. As an act of retaliation, Mr. Qadir’s militia decapitated four ISIS hostages, all believed to be from the Pakistani tribal areas. Pictures circulating on social media showed the heads on piles of rocks at the side of a road.

Human rights activists expressed outrage at the act and called for an investigation.

“This was clearly a deliberate murder in Nangarhar, where people exploited the absence of legal organs and committed this act,” said Rafiullah Bedaar, a spokesman for the Afghan human rights commission. “It is crime and murder.”

A version of this article appears in print on , on Page A9 of the New York edition with the headline: As Taliban Surge, Last Refuge for Afghans May Prove No Refuge at All. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper | Subscribe