2.
Outline of this PresentationOutline of this Presentation
 Why is Agriculture so Important for Poverty Reduction and SustainableWhy is Agriculture so Important for Poverty Reduction and Sustainable
Rural Development?Rural Development?
 General Principles for Sustainable DevelopmentGeneral Principles for Sustainable Development
 What are objectives?What are objectives?
 How to best accomplish them?How to best accomplish them?
 Principles for effective public interventionsPrinciples for effective public interventions
 Five Dimensions of Sustainable NRM & DevelopmentFive Dimensions of Sustainable NRM & Development
 Reducing land degradation
 Improving water management
 Sustainable forestry
 Sustainable fisheries
 Incorporating global warming into development planning
 The Role of Trade in Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentThe Role of Trade in Agriculture and Rural Development

4.
Why is sustainable agriculture so importantWhy is sustainable agriculture so important
forfor
developing countries and the rural poor?developing countries and the rural poor?
 63 percent63 percent of population liveof population live
in rural areasin rural areas
 73 percent73 percent of poor live inof poor live in
rural areasrural areas
 Agriculture and agro-Agriculture and agro-
processing account forprocessing account for 30-6030-60
percentpercent of GDP inof GDP in
developing countries, and andeveloping countries, and an
even larger share ofeven larger share of
employmentemployment
 Even with rapidEven with rapid
urbanization,urbanization, more than 50%more than 50%
of the poor will be in ruralof the poor will be in rural
areas by 2035, and dependareas by 2035, and depend
significantly on agriculturesignificantly on agriculture

14.
The poor generally settle on the most
fragile land with meager and/or highly
variable water resources

15.
Irrigation has been successful in lifting manyIrrigation has been successful in lifting many
rural poor out of poverty…trick is to do it in arural poor out of poverty…trick is to do it in a
sustainable mannersustainable manner
Average income levels & irrigation
intensity in India

17.
Challenges in water managementChallenges in water management
 Small stocks of water infrastructure in developingSmall stocks of water infrastructure in developing
countries compared to those in climatically similarcountries compared to those in climatically similar
industrial countriesindustrial countries
 Simultaneous need for institutional solutions/ reformsSimultaneous need for institutional solutions/ reforms
 Pricing for fiscal sustainability and to encouragePricing for fiscal sustainability and to encourage
conservation (agriculture uses about 70% of water,conservation (agriculture uses about 70% of water,
and is very wasteful)and is very wasteful)
 Ownership and devolution of managementOwnership and devolution of management
responsibilityresponsibility
 Urgency in developing an integrated package ofUrgency in developing an integrated package of
structural and non-structural tools which respond tostructural and non-structural tools which respond to
the imbalances by human demand and hydrologicthe imbalances by human demand and hydrologic
patterns accentuated by global changespatterns accentuated by global changes

18.
Making Forestry more SustainableMaking Forestry more Sustainable

19.
Forests are especially important toForests are especially important to
the poor…the poor…
 1.6 billion rural people are dependent upon forests to some extent.1.6 billion rural people are dependent upon forests to some extent.
 1 billion out of 1.2 billion extremely poor depend on forest resources for part1 billion out of 1.2 billion extremely poor depend on forest resources for part
of their livelihoodsof their livelihoods
 350 million people are highly dependent on forests.350 million people are highly dependent on forests.
 60 million indigenous people are almost wholly dependent on forests.60 million indigenous people are almost wholly dependent on forests.
Source: World Bank Forests Strategy and Policy, 2002.Source: World Bank Forests Strategy and Policy, 2002.
CountryCountry Forest Dependent PopulationForest Dependent Population
IndiaIndia 275 million275 million
CongoCongo 62.6 million62.6 million
IndonesiaIndonesia 40-70 million40-70 million
MyanmarMyanmar 25 million25 million
VietnamVietnam 20 million20 million
TurkeyTurkey 8 million8 million
Source: APFSOS, WP/27Source: APFSOS, WP/27

20.
…… and to the global economy…and to the global economy…
Production of wood and manufactured forest products contribute moreProduction of wood and manufactured forest products contribute more
than US$450 billion to the world market economy.than US$450 billion to the world market economy.
The annual value of internationally traded forest products totalsThe annual value of internationally traded forest products totals
US$150-200 billion.US$150-200 billion.
Globally, forest based industries provide about 47 million full time jobsGlobally, forest based industries provide about 47 million full time jobs..

21.
…… and the environmentand the environment
Forest destruction is responsible for globalForest destruction is responsible for global
biodiversity losses of 2-5% per decade;biodiversity losses of 2-5% per decade;
Forest destruction (especially though burning) isForest destruction (especially though burning) is
estimated to contribute between 10 and 30% ofestimated to contribute between 10 and 30% of
all carbon gas emissions into the atmosphere;all carbon gas emissions into the atmosphere;
slowing deforestation and restoring forests areslowing deforestation and restoring forests are
important elements of a strategy for slowingimportant elements of a strategy for slowing
global carbon emissions.global carbon emissions.

23.
Fighting PovertyFighting Poverty
 Supporting policy, institutional and legal frameworksSupporting policy, institutional and legal frameworks
for forest development and to ensure rights offor forest development and to ensure rights of
forest-dependent peoples;forest-dependent peoples;
 Promoting the scaling up of collaborative forestPromoting the scaling up of collaborative forest
management;management;
 Integrating forest, agro-forestry, and smallIntegrating forest, agro-forestry, and small
enterprises into rural development strategies.enterprises into rural development strategies.

24.
Making forestry sustainableMaking forestry sustainable
 Supporting the development of policies andSupporting the development of policies and
projects for sustainable forest management andprojects for sustainable forest management and
conservation;conservation;
 Building capacity for improved governance;Building capacity for improved governance;
 Supporting the containment of illegal activities;Supporting the containment of illegal activities;
 Addressing fiscal and trade issues related to forestAddressing fiscal and trade issues related to forest
sector and products;sector and products;
 Proactively promoting catalytic investments in forestProactively promoting catalytic investments in forest
management and conservationmanagement and conservation..

28.
Protecting local and global valuesProtecting local and global values
 Build markets for international public goods such asBuild markets for international public goods such as
carbon;carbon;
 Build national markets for environmental services;Build national markets for environmental services;
 Strengthen policies and investments inStrengthen policies and investments in
conservation and protected areas;conservation and protected areas;
 Assure that investments and programs do no directAssure that investments and programs do no direct
or indirect harm to the permanent forest estate.or indirect harm to the permanent forest estate.

29.
Effective certification requiresEffective certification requires
 compliance with relevant laws;compliance with relevant laws;
 recognition of and respect for any legally documented orrecognition of and respect for any legally documented or
customary land tenure and use rights as well as the rights ofcustomary land tenure and use rights as well as the rights of
indigenous peoples and workers;indigenous peoples and workers;
 measures to maintain or enhance sound and effective communitymeasures to maintain or enhance sound and effective community
relations;relations;
 conservation of biological diversity and ecological functions;conservation of biological diversity and ecological functions;
 measures to maintain or enhance environmentally sound multiplemeasures to maintain or enhance environmentally sound multiple
benefits accruing from the forest;benefits accruing from the forest;
 prevention or minimization of the adverse environmental impactsprevention or minimization of the adverse environmental impacts
from forest use;from forest use;
 effective forest management planning;effective forest management planning;
 active monitoring and assessment of relevant forest managementactive monitoring and assessment of relevant forest management
areas; andareas; and
 the maintenance of critical forest areas and other critical naturalthe maintenance of critical forest areas and other critical natural
habitats affected by the operation.habitats affected by the operation.

30.
Sustainable FisheriesSustainable Fisheries

31.
Why are fisheries so important toWhy are fisheries so important to
developing countries?developing countries?
Trade and incomeTrade and income
generation on national andgeneration on national and
global levels :global levels :
 Global trade of US$ 55-66 billionGlobal trade of US$ 55-66 billion
annually, with 50 per cent of tradeannually, with 50 per cent of trade
from developing countriesfrom developing countries
 A Major Source of Income and
Export for developing countries: at
least 13 developing countries where
fisheries is more than 5 percent of
GDP, e.g. Ghana; Senegal;
Namibia;
 License fee income.License fee income.

32.
And important for poverty reductionAnd important for poverty reduction
 A Source of Livelihoods &
Income for 30 million poor
fishers and their families,
employing an additional 150
million people in developing
countries in associated sectors,
e.g. marketing, boat-building,
etc.;
 A Critical Source of Food
Security for 400 million poor
people;
 Potential source of
alternative employment for
rural poor through aquaculture.

36.
Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF)Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF)
Recognizing that global warming will have the greatestRecognizing that global warming will have the greatest
impact on its client countries, on July 20th, 1999 theimpact on its client countries, on July 20th, 1999 the
Executive Directors of the World Bank approved theExecutive Directors of the World Bank approved the
establishment of the PCF, with the operationalestablishment of the PCF, with the operational
objective of mitigating climate change. This aspires toobjective of mitigating climate change. This aspires to
promote the Bank's tenet of sustainable development,promote the Bank's tenet of sustainable development,
to demonstrate the possibilities of public-privateto demonstrate the possibilities of public-private
partnerships, and to offer a 'learning-by-doing'partnerships, and to offer a 'learning-by-doing'
opportunity to its stakeholders.opportunity to its stakeholders.

38.
The Role of Trade in AgricultureThe Role of Trade in Agriculture
and Rural Developmentand Rural Development

39.
The Role of TradeThe Role of Trade
 Agriculture (including fisheries and forestryAgriculture (including fisheries and forestry
products) is a highly tradable sectorproducts) is a highly tradable sector
 Trade is the best lever for agricultural growthTrade is the best lever for agricultural growth
 Raising incomes mitigates pressure on theRaising incomes mitigates pressure on the
environmentenvironment
 Not all increases in trade are environmentallyNot all increases in trade are environmentally
benign, but….benign, but….
 The best solution is generally to target theThe best solution is generally to target the
problem directly by adopting appropriateproblem directly by adopting appropriate
environmental policies, not to restrict trade,environmental policies, not to restrict trade,
and…and…
 Trade gives consumers a powerful lever toTrade gives consumers a powerful lever to
effectuate change in the supplying country (faireffectuate change in the supplying country (fair
trade, certification)trade, certification)