The assemblage of small mammals from Sabuncubeli is of special interest because: 1) it is the first from the Early Miocene of Anatolia that occurs associated with a set of large mammal remains, 2) it is only the second from Anatolia representing MN3, 3) it has a composition that is essentially different from the one from Keseköy, the other MN3 assemblage from Anatolia.Some of the genera and species that are common in Keseköy are either very rare or absent in Sabuncubeli: i.e. the insectivores Galerix uenayae and Theratiskos and the rodents Debruijnia, Vallaris, Sayimys and Enginia. Others, such as Schizogalerix evae, Steneofiber eseri, Palaeosciurus fissurae and Eumyarion orhani occur in Sabuncubeli, but not in Keseköy. The new species Schizogalerix evae and Eumyarion orhani are known from Sabuncubeli only.The differences in fauna composition between the two Anatolian assemblages of approximately the same age are possibly the result of differences in environment. A lacustrine deposit formed on a plateau in the case of Keseköy, a fluviatile deposit in a lowland setting in the case of Sabuncubeli.