Latin America

1:52 pm

Mon February 27, 2012

Violence Exposes Crisis In Latin American Prisons

In Honduras, female relatives of inmates killed during a fire at a prison argue with soldiers as they try to enter the morgue in Tegucigalpa, the Honduran capital, on Feb. 20. The fire at Comayagua prison on Feb. 14 killed more than 300 inmates.

In northern Mexico, relatives of inmates at Apodaca prison outside Monterrey attack the security fence, Feb. 21. Violence at the prison on Feb. 19 left 48 inmates dead; the transfer of three prisoners to another criminal center prompted more violence two days later.

The warden and guards of the Apodaca prison are escorted away after a press conference in Monterrey, Mexico, Feb. 22. The director, deputy director and the chief of security along with 26 guards are under arrest for allegedly assisting members of the Zetas drug cartel orchestrate an escape and the killing of members of the rival Gulf cartel.

Daniel BecerrilReuters/Landov

A series of fatal riots inside Mexican prisons last week and a deadly blaze at a penitentiary in Honduras are prompting calls for major penal reform in Central America.

Violence at three different penitentiaries in Mexico last week left 48 inmates dead, while the inferno in Honduras earlier this month killed 360 prisoners.

These deadly events underscore the problems of corruption, overcrowding, prison gangs and crumbling infrastructure that prisons face throughout the region.

The recent television images from Mexico and Honduras were strikingly similar, showing women clashing with police in riot gear outside prisons in both countries.

The women in front of the Apodaca prison, outside Monterrey in northern Mexico, hurled rocks at police, scaled a chain link fence, and chanted "We want justice." They demanded to know whether their loved ones inside were dead, alive or injured after a burst of violence inside the facility on Feb. 19.

According to state security officials, members of the Zetas gang massacred members of the Gulf cartel to create cover for a jailbreak. The two crime organizations are engaged in a bloody turf war in northern Mexico.

Overcrowded, Corrupt System

Last week, the state security spokesman for Nuevo Leon state, Jorge Domene Zambrano, announced the arrest of the warden and 28 guards from Apodaca for alleged involvement in the plot. Domene says it appears some guards gave keys to the Zetas so they could enter other cellblocks and attack their rivals.

The drug war has also placed new strains on what were already corrupt, crumbling prisons. Apodaca was built to hold 1,500 inmates but it currently holds 2,700.

The prison in Honduras that caught fire on Feb. 14 was packed to more than twice its original capacity.

He says prisons throughout Latin America are underfunded, overcrowded and often controlled by the criminals inside their walls.

Twenty years ago, most human-rights abuses in Latin American jails were committed by guards, but not anymore, Vivanco says.

"Today, most of the abuses are from prisoners against other prisoners," he says.

Prisons have become lucrative postings for civil servants, Vivanco says. They collect bribes from the inmates they're supposed to control. A recent raid on a prison in Acapulco uncovered not only some inmates enjoying cells with flat-screen TVs but contraband ranging from firearms, drugs and in-house prostitutes to fighting roosters and even a flock of peacocks.

Human-rights activists say prison guards — underpaid and facing dangerous work conditions — are susceptible to bribery as well. Even those who aren't corrupt may still be coerced into acquiescing to inmates' demands, given the cartels' power to threaten, kidnap or kill guards and their family members. Already, several prison officials have been murdered, it's believed, on cartel orders.

Vivanco say throughout much of Latin America, governments have given up trying to rehabilitate or even control inmates. The main goal now is simply to contain the violence inside an institution's walls.

Tentative Solutions

But after two violent riots at Apodaca and deadly incidents at two other Mexican state penitentiaries in January and February, authorities are clearly worried that the entire prison system could be about to explode.

President Felipe Calderon's interior minister pledged to make the full force of the federal government available to states as they attempt to deal with the surging prison violence. Calderon himself said the problem is a direct result of his administration's fight against organized crime.

Calderon said that to address the current crisis, his administration is building nine new federal prisons. Overcapacity at existing federal prisons has led to the incarceration of cartel members at state facilities such as Apodaca, which weren't necessarily intended for this kind of inmate.

In addition, federal authorities have started transferring what they say are some of the most violent members of the Zetas out of Apodaca to a maximum security facility in southern Mexico. They also plan to subject the remaining staff at the institution to "confidence" tests to try to weed out corrupt guards.

Copyright 2012 National Public Radio. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.

Transcript

ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST:

You're listening to ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News.

There are calls for reform after a string of deaths at prisons in Mexico and Honduras. Last week, riots inside three Mexican prisons left 48 inmates dead. And earlier this month, a fire in a Honduran prison killed 360 people.

JASON BEAUBIEN, BYLINE: The television images were from two different countries, but the pictures were strikingly similar: outside prisons in Honduras and Mexico, women clashed with police in riot gear. The women in front of the Apodaca prison in northern Mexico hurled rocks at police, scaled a chain-link fence, chanted we want justice and demanded to know whether their loved ones inside were dead, alive or injured. According to state security officials, members of the Zetas gang massacred members of the Gulf Cartel to create cover for a jailbreak. Last week, the state security spokesman for Nuevo Leon, Jorge Domene Zambrano, announced that the warden from Apodaca, along with 26 guards, are under arrest for alleged involvement in the plot.

JORGE DOMENE ZAMBRANO: (Foreign language spoken)

BEAUBIEN: Domene says it appears some guards gave keys to the Zetas so they could enter other cellblocks and kill their rivals. The drug war has also placed new strains on what were already corrupt, crumbling prisons. Apodaca was built to hold 1,500 inmates, but it currently holds 2,700. The prison in Honduras that caught fire on February 14th was packed to more than twice its original capacity.

JOSE MIGUEL VIVANCO: For at least two decades, governments in the region has virtually abandoned the prison system.

BEAUBIEN: Jose Miguel Vivanco, the director of Human Rights Watch's Americas Division, says prisons throughout Latin America are underfunded, overcrowded and often controlled by the criminals inside their walls. Vivanco says, 20 years ago, most human rights abuses in Latin American jails were committed by guards but not anymore.

VIVANCO: Today, most of the abuses are from prisoners against other prisoners.

BEAUBIEN: He says prisons have become lucrative postings for civil servants who collect bribes from the inmates they're supposed to control. A recent raid on a prison in Acapulco uncovered not only some inmates enjoying cells with flat-screen TVs but also firearms, drugs, in-house prostitutes, fighting roosters and even a peacocks. Vivanco says throughout much of Latin America, governments have given up trying to rehabilitate or even control inmates. The main goal now is simply to contain the violence inside the institution's walls.

But after two violent riots at Apodaca and deadly incidents at two other Mexican penitentiaries, authorities here are clearly worried that the entire prison system could be about to explode. President Felipe Calderon's interior minister pledged to make the full force of the federal government available to states as they attempt to deal with the surging prison violence. President Calderon himself said the problem is a direct result of his administration's fight against organized crime.

PRESIDENT FELIPE CALDERON: (Foreign language spoken)

BEAUBIEN: Calderon said that in order to address the current crisis, his administration is building nine new prisons. In addition, federal authorities have started transferring what they say are some of the most violent members of the Zetas out of Apodaca to a maximum security facility in southern Mexico. They also plan to subject the remaining staff at the institution to confidence tests to try to weed out corrupt guards. Jason Beaubien, NPR News, Mexico City. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright National Public Radio.