Biennial report of the Department of Conservation and Development of the State of North Carolina

THE LIBRARY OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF
NORTH CAROLINA
THE COLLECTION OF
NORTH CAROLINIANA
C550
N87r
1954-/56
UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL
00033966192
This book must not
be taken from the
Library building.
1
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No^ Ommmi
ONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT
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in 2011 with funding from
Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access (NC-LSTA)
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. f
To His Excellency
The Honorable Luther H. Hodges
Governor of North Carolina
In compliance with the Statutes of North Car-olina,
I am transmitting herewith the report of the
Department of Conservation and Development for
the biennium ending June 30, 1956.
Respectfully,
WILLIAM P. SAUNDERS,
Director
lh\s report is printed on paper
manufactured in North Caro-lina
by the Champion Paper
& Fibre Co., Canton. Cover is
80 lb Kromkote. Inside stock
70 lb. Falcon enamel.
BOARD OF CONSERVATION
& DEVELOPMENT
Governor Luther H. Hodges, Chairmen
Miles J. Smith, Salisbury Walter J. Damtoft, Asheville
1st Vice Chairman 2nd Vice Chairman
Charles S. Allen, Durham Charles H. Jenkins, Ahoskie
W. B. Austin, Jefferson Amos R. Kearns, High Point
H. C. Buchan, Jr., N. Wilkesboro Cecil Morris, Atlantic
F. J. Boling, Siler City Hugh M. Morton, Wilmington
Scroop W. Enloe, Jr., Spruce Pine W. Eugene Simmons, Tarboro
Robt. M. Hones, Winston-Salem T. Max Watson, Spindale
Leo H. Harvey, Kinston
DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION
& DEVELOPMENT
W. p. Saunders, Director J. Edgar Kirk, Ass't. Director
Evelyne Yelverton, Administrative Ass't.
DIVISIONS AND DIVISION HEADS
Advertising Charles J. Parker
Commerce & Industry A. H. Grant
Commercial Fisheries C. G. Holland
Forestry F. H. Claridge
Mineral Resources Jasper L. Stuckey
State Parks Thomas W. Morse
Water Resources, Inlets & Coastal Waterways B. C. Snow
Auditor W. Ray Bishop
CONTENTS
The Board & Divisions 2
Foreword 4
Advertising 6
Commerce and Industry 8
Commercial Fisheries 14
Forestry 19
Mineral Resources 27
State Parks 33
Water Resources, Inlets and Coastal Waterways 45
Department Personnel 56
The Budgets 64
Foreword
The mission of the Department of Conservation and Development
is to conserve and develop the natural resources of North Carolina
for the common good of all her people.
This report is an account of the department's stewardship for the
biennium ending June 30, 1956.
In the interest of readability, much detail has been omitted.
Those persons wishing more information about specific phases of
the department's program, need only to contact the Department
or the Division directly concerned.
GOVERNOR
BOARD OF CONSERVATION fc DEVELOPMENT
COMMERCE k INDUSTRY FORESTRY
DIRECTOR
New Industries
Industrial Expansion & Forest Fire Control
Improvement 1
Forest Management
Industrial Surveys Forest Nurseries
Site Studies ASSISTANT DIRECTOR Reforestation
Industrial Building State Forests '
1
Inventories Education
Statistics fc Industrial Law Enforcement
Analyses Insect b Disease
Small Industries
1
ADMINISTRATION
1
Supervision Audit & Accounting
STATE ADVERTISING Personnel Special Pi-ojects
Purchasing Mail & Multilith
Budgeting Public Information
Coordination of activities of all
STATE PARKS
Travel News h divisions in cooperating with other Operation for Public
Features state, federal, municipal, indus- Use
Photographs trial and other private enterprises Maintenance
Television in conservation and development of Interpretative b Public
Radio natural resources. Use Programs
Motion Pictures Protection & Law En-
Booklets, Pamphlets forcement
Display Advertising
Tourist Information
Business Management
Information and
Service Education
Travel Statistics Personnel Administra-
Display Material tion
Convention Services Planning, Construction
Homeseeker fc Re- t Development
tirement Services Cooperation with other
Agenci
1
1
'
WATER RESOURCES
INLETS &
MINERAL RESOURCES COASTAL WATERWAYS COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
Mineral Studies Stream Gaging Supervision of Fisheries
Geologic Mapping Water Analysis Law Enforcement
Identification Stream Pollution h Statistics
Laboratory Analysis Beach Erosion Marine Research
Mineral Fuels Control Surveys
Ground Water Plood Control Shellfish Culture t
Topographic Mapping Inlet 8, Waterway
Projects
Sanitation
Irrigation Permits
Advertising
New approaches to presenting North Carolina to the world as a
fine and progressive place to live, work and play were developed
during the biennium by the State Advertising Division.
As competition from other states and abroad grew more intense,
costs of everything in advertising and informational services increas-ed.
North Carolina's own rapid growth and multiplying attractions
cut out a constantly more complex and expensive pattern of pub-licizing
the State. Procedures were revised accordingly.
A major change was the transfer on July 1, 1955, of the Tourist
Bureau, including home-seeker and retirement information services,
from the Division of Commerce & Industry to the Advertising Di\ 'sion.
Another significant change included concentration of photographic
operations in a separate section with responsibility for production of
all types of pictures—motion and still, color and black & white, TV
and graphic displays. Progress was also made in utilization of photo-graphic
services of regional organizations and private photographers.
New patterns were devised for travel promotion to maintain North
Carolina's leadership in that field.
A new look was developed for publications.
The display advertising approach was overhauled drastically, and
a beginning made toward heavier impact advertising through use of
color and larger space.
The five bulletins produced by the Division increased their stature
as bulwarks of tourist promotion and development. The "State Ad-vertising
Bulletin", going not only to editors but to chambers of com-merce
and tourist facilities of all kinds, is the only publication touch-ing
upon all aspects of State promotion on a state-wide basis. "North
Carolina Travel Notes" is the only comprehensive guide to current
tourist attractions for editors, travel counselors, and tourists in the
U. S. and abroad. The two "Coming Events" bulletins, one compre-hensive,
the other a digest, ore the only listings of crowd-gathering
events compiled on a state-wide basis. The "Property Wanted" bul-letin
is indispensable to supporting advertising depicting North Caro-lina
as a place to live—actively and in retirement.
During the biennium 1,354,619 copies of promotional and infor-mational
bulletins were produced. Photographic files were increased
to over 55,000 negatives. More than 2,000 showings of Noi-*"h Caro-lina
movies were made. Dozens of staff writers, photograph ers and
travel counselors were escorted over the State. Nearly 3,U00 in-formational
outlets throughout the world were opened to North
Carolina promotional literature.
Fitting these improved procedures into on efficient, closely-knit
organization carrying out the functions assigned by G.S. 113-15, as
amended in 1953, involved organization of the Advertising Division
into four coordinated sections. These are; Advertising & Publications
Section, Tourist Inquiry Section, Photographic Section, and the Travel
News Section.
Requirements of State promotion other than display advertising
increased sharply during the biennium. This was reflected strikingly
in publications and special project enterprises. Experience indicated
that provision should be made in future advertising contracts for
broader participation by the contractor and use of funds appropriated
for direct advertising over a much wider promotional front than for
display advertising alone.
Details of operations of the four sections of the Advertising Divi-sion
are always available in permanent files.
Commerce and Industry
The accelerated industrial development program for North Caro-lina
was begun a little over three years ago. It is probable that a
similar period of time will have elapsed before positive evaluation
of all phases of the program and measurements of their general
effectiveness can be made.
The statistical data on new plants, capital invested, added in-dustrial
workers and wages will represent only a part of the advances
to date under this stepped-up effort. Additional time will ba required
before appreciable results in terms of economic gains can je realized
from such new development aids as the Business Development Cor-poration
of North Carolina, the Governor's Small Industries Plan, The
Research Triangle, and the contemplated improvement of the State's
Vocational Trade and Technical Education program.
The following tabulations show developments during the past two
years and comparisons with the previous Biennial Report.
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
New Capital Invested New Employees New Payroll
1954-56 280 ' $106,277,000 18,553 $50,756,600
1952-54 340 $101,000,000 26,000 $66,000,000
Expansions
1954-56 380 $133,107,500 15,982 $41,055,900
1952-54 173 $ 68,000,000 9,000 $23,000,000
New and Expansions
1954-56 660 $239,384,500 34,535 $91,812,500
1952-54 513 $169,000,000 35,000 $89,000,000
The 280 new plants for 1954-56 were dispersed in some 130 cities
and communities throughout the State. The Piedmont Region ob-tained
60 /r of the total new plants, the Coastal Plain counties 30'!V,
and the Mountain Area 10"^^ .
Some of the outstanding firms represented in new industries gain-ed,
included two General Electric Company units and new facilities
by International Paper, Ronson, Douglas Aircraft, Kearfott, and
Borden Company.
The number of plant expansions and total capital invested in these
additions for the Biennium represent the highest recorded since the
Division started compiling general total industrial development figures
for the State.
Of special significance is the fact that while textile operations
led all others in the number of new plants (67), the manufacture of
electrical machinery and equipment led in the amount of capital
8
invested, new employees, and in added payroll. The two industrial
classifications for the Bienniunn may be compared as follows:
Electrical Machinery and
Textiles Equipment
Number New Plants 67 8
Capital Invested $15,807,000 $44,828,000
New Employees 3,817 4,133
New Payroll $ 9,600,200 $14,000,000
The above breakdown dees not include apparel manufacture under
textiles. To include apparel would boost textiles by 27 plants, 3,956
new employees, $3,859,000 capital investment, and $8,606,000 new
payroll.
Noteworthy gains were also made in the following: 27 new
operations in furniture and fixtures, representing an investment of
$3,647,000; 16 chemical and allied product plants, with on invest-ment
of $5,138,000; 18 factories making fabricated metal products,
with an investment of $2,320,000; 17 machinery plants, with an in-vestment
of $3,000,000; and 24 food and kindred operations, with
an investment of $3,769,000.
In addition to the above new industries and expansions, utility
companies, including power, gas and telephone, invested over $205
million in North Carolina expansions during this Biennium.
FIELD ACTIVITIES
Early in the Biennium two moves were initiated to increase the
effectiveness of field work. Specific territories, both inside and out-side
the State, were assigned the Field Engineers. As applied this has
not restricted personnel, whenever demands require their services,
from working in all territories. It has, however, helped to expedite
field work generally because assigned representatives have become
familiar through visits from time to time with company officials in
out-of-state territories, with Chamber of Commerce personnel and
industrial development committees at the local level in North Caro-lina.
During this period the Division, through the above arrangement,
made its first consistent solicitation of prospects in the North Central
and upper Mid-Western states—Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Min-neapolis,
St. Paul, Cincinnati, Erie, Syracuse, Buffalo and other cities
were placed on regular call for the first time. Results of these solicita-tions
have been satisfactory and it is contemplated that additional
visits will be made to these cities.
After heavy mail circularization and directed national advertising,
a number of special promotional projects were undertaken by the
Field Force during the Biennium. These included emphasis on elec-tronics
and electrical machinery and equipment, woolen and worsted
manufacture, textile dyeing and finishing, machinery and metal parts
manufacture, paper and paper products, and chemicals.
RESEARCH AND STATISTICS
Near the close of the Biennium an effort was begun to improve
and enlarge the services of this activity in the Division. While current
needs for data, surveys, reports, etc., still constitute the major work,
some beginnings have already been made ti //ards an improved system
of collecting, cataloguing, and presenting reoource data and statistics
for use by the Field Force. Added emphasis is being placed on usable
plant sites and potential industrial areas throughout the State.
Under the direction of Paul Kelly, now on leave of absence, an
outstanding study was prepared on the Cotton Textile Tariff, especial-ly
as new revisions of the Tariff Act relate to a possible influx of
cheap Japanese cotton goods. This study has been widely distributed
in this and other states.
A second study has just been completed and copies given to the
Industrial Committee of the Board. This report covers various forms of
inducements offered new industries in some 20 odd states, including
several of our chief competitors for industry.
The Division has experienced an unusually heavy demand in the
past several years for comparatively large amounts of process water —both ground and surface—and for locations to accommodate dis-posal
of industrial wastes. The pulp and paper industry is presently
in a period of large-scale expansion.
The problem of obtaining sufficient water supplies for "wet" in-dustries
is serious in some areas of the State. However, waste dis-posal
has become critical in virtually all sections, not only for the
pulp and paper industry, but also for textile dyeing and finishing,
certain chemical industry processes, and for metalworking where
plating is required.
COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES
During the Biennium an additional number of communities or-ganized
local development groups to pre mote industries for their
areas. This was particularly noticeable in the Eastern counties, as
business leaders there sought new income sources to bolster feared
losses from diminished agricultural operations.
The Division was called upon for advice and assistance in connec-tion
with these new organizations, in addition to attending numerous
meetings with established groups. Just prior to the close of 1955, the
Division called for a general meeting in Raleigh of all persons in-terested
in industrial promotion from all parts of the State. Some
300 persons attended this meeting at which the full work of the
Division was explained. The general feeling after this meeting was
that other similar conferences should be held, at which time specific
10
problems and procedures might be discussed with members of the
Division.
The trend toward obtaining trained personnel to direct local de-velopment
programs continued in the larger cities and towns as
Greensboro, Monroe, Wilmington, Goldsboro, Kinston, Farmville,
Lumberton, and others began such programs during the past several
years.
SMALL INDUSTRIES
At the time the lost biennial report was issued, the Home Industries
Section was without any personnel and there was some question as
to its future. Up to that time most of its efforts had been spent in
promoting what was known as "Rural Industries."
While the disposition of the Section was under consideration,
G. F. Albright, a Development Engineer in the Commerce and In-dustry
Divisicn, approached the Chief Development Engineer as the
champion of Home Industries—industries organized and established
by local communities with local capital and local management. He
took the position that a Home Industry Section, efficiently and ag-gressively
operated, had a tremendous potential to provide the follow-ing
advantages:
1. Increased industrial payrolls.
2. Additional use of the State's raw materials and natural re-sources.
3. Local uses for investment capital.
4. Retention of industry profits within the State.
5. Development of native management and technical skills.
6. Recapture of native management and technical skills now lost
to other states.
7. Stabilization of future economy of the State.
After several conferences between the Chief Development Engi-neer
and the Director, Mr. Albright was put in charge of the Home
Industries Section, effective September 1, 1954.
His first efforts were exerted in searching out the potential market
in North Carolina to determine what products were most needed by
the industries that already operate in the State. He sent letters to a
thousand manufacturers in the State asking them to advise the Sec-tion
what raw materials, supplemental parts, and operating supplies
they purchased from outside the State which they believed could be
economically produced in the State. Their general comments on our
program were invited. As replies came in the results were tabulated.
These replies listed several hundred products.
A little later a letter was sent to all Chamber of Commerce execu-tives
in North Carolina telling them something of the Section's
program and to which was attached a form for listing the manu-facturing
facilities in their respective communities.
11
The Public Information Officer was kept informed of the activities
and purposes of the Section and every possible effort was made to let
the people know of the services available in the Home Industries Sec-tion.
The Head of the Section accepted invitations from all sections of
the State to speak to civic clubs and industrial development groups
about the work of the Section. Soon inquiries were pouring in from
communities wanting to know how they could start a Home Industry.
Early in 1955 the name of the Section was changed to Small In-dustries
Section and a little later the Governor's Small Industries
Plan was started in operation. From that point the work of the Section
and of the Governor's Small Industries Plan have complemented and
supplemented each other. The publicity which attended the launch-ing
of the Governor's Small Industries Plan stimulated interest in
the promotion of community industries to the extent that so many
inquiries came frcm so many communities that it was physically im-possible
to personally appear in all of them to explain the procedure
for establishing a Small Industry.
In July 1955, the Section prepared a multilithed "Guide for Com-munity
Development of Small Industries" which set forth the same
things that had been told to industrial development groups in per-sonal
appearances. The Guide proved its worth when several com-munities
using it, organized and started small industries without
personal guidance from the Section.
Early in 1956 the Governor's Small Industries Plan published "An
Approach to Community Development of Small Industries" which set
forth more elaborately and in more detail about the same information
that the Guide contained. The Section collaborated in preparation
of the "Approach."
The variety of inquiries received by the Section and the variety of
services rendered by it are so large that no list can be submitted that
would include all of them. The inquiries ange from those from per-sons
with strange and unusual patents who have for years been
searching for an "angel" to finance the making and marketing of
their product to those from communities with nothing but a desire
for an industry.
The Section receives many inquiries from outside the State from
persons and firms who have a product and a market and want to be
put in touch with a firm in North Carolina who con manufacture
the product for them. The Section has been able to do this in numer-ous
cases thereby adding to North Carolina production and employ-ment.
The Section also assists and advises as to methods and sources of
financing for new, small industries or for the expansion of existing
operations. The Section frequently acts as a liaison between the new
industry and its lending agency.
12
The Small Industries Section constantly adds to its library of infor-mation
on building and equipment prices, market surveys, cost data,
investment and personnel requirements, etc. to be used by prospec-tive
new small industries in the State.
The Section has in several cases been instrumental in putting new
industry in touch with needed management and technical personnel
to run their business. The Section is being contacted more and more
by ambitious young men who are looking to improve their position
and who want managerial and executive positions.
Reactivation of the Small Industries Secticn has been amply justi-fied
by concrete results. Since its reactivation September 1, 1954,
there have been 41 new small industries started in operation in the
State either through the personal guidance of Section personnel or
through use of the Guide published by the Section. It is interesting
to note that the first plants established required that the personnel
of the Section lead the promoters through each step until the plant
was operating. After the Guide was issued, several of the small in-dustries
were organized and started operation with almost no personal
guidance from the Section.
These 41 industries that have been started in the past 22 months
cover a wide variety of diversified products such as molded plastic
items, wall plaster, processed and canned foods, tobacco curers,
aluminum and zinc die castings, portable decorative fountains, auto
parts, garage equipment, industrial gears, machine parts, childrens'
apparel, toys, radiant heating pads, men's leather work shoes, char-coal,
steel doors and frames, chemicals, plastic bags, plastic clothes
pins, aluminum windows and screens, cotton fabrics, wood preserving,
kitchen cabinets, plywood, telephone cross arm pins, window clean-er,
paper products and dehydrated alfalfa meal.
These plants are dispersed from the Atlantic coast to as far west as
Bakersville and Asheville in the western North Carolina mountains.
Ten of them are in the Eastern part of the State.
The Section at present has about fifty prospects in various phases
of development. Some of them may never reach the operational stage
and some of them may establish plants in the very near future.
13
Commercial Fisheries
Commercial fishing has for the first time come in for its share
of attention from the session of Congress just recently closed. For the
past two years import duties on seafood products up to three million
dollars have turned over to t'r.e Fish and Wildlife Service for Fisheries
Research and seafood market development.
The Payne Fisheries Education bill has been given favorable con-sideration.
This bill is a long range program to educate young people
desiring to make a career of the fishing industry. Also, the Magnuson-
McCormack bill intended to elevate commercial fisheries within the
Department of the Interior. The Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956
authorized the making of loans at three per cent interest to mature
in not more than ten years for "financing and refinancing of opera-tions,
maintenance, replacement, repairs, and equipment of fishing
gear and vessels and for research into the basic problem of fisheries."
The fishing people owe to our able Congressman, Herbert Bonner, a
vote of thanks for his great interest in our fisheries, both on a na-tional
and a local level.
The interest in coastal North Carolina of Governor Luther Hodges
and the Board of Conservation and Development, directed by William
P. Saunders, has done much to focus State and National attention
on our problems.
One of the major concerns of this Division is the increasing num-ber
of pleasure boats using our commercial fishing waters with no
supervision except where we have limited Coast Guard service.
INCREASE IN BOATS
Due to the change in our tax law and strict enforcement, sport
fishermen using commercial fishing equipment have registered with
our Department by proper license on their boats. This has increased
our licensed boats to appro.ximately 4,000 during 1956. This is an
increase of 1,200 over 1955. Also, many new shrimp trawlers have
been added to our fleet.
The Fisheries Commissioner believes there is cause to be optimistic.
Under the 1956 budget set-up, we have the personnel and the physi-cal
equipment in the way of boats, etc., to render the State and public
a real service. A more complete patrol of our waters can be main-tained
and better supervision over our public oyster grounds can be
made. This biennium our boats planted hundreds of thousands of
bushels of oysters and shells, all of which, it is true, was financed
by the Shellfish Division except for $9,863 but the supervision of
the work was done by the Division of Commercial Fisheries and the
actual planting was done by its personnel and boats. We are hopeful
14
that the 1957 Legislature will enable us to do much more of this kind
of work to build up the oyster industry of the State than we have been
able to do in the past. Except for a barge, we have all the physical
equipment necessary to expand this work very greatly.
FISHERIES' RESEARCH
It would not be fair to close this report without mentioning the
valuable service of the University of North Carolina, Institute of
Fisheries Research, directed by Dr. A. F. Chestnut. He has recom-mended
a program for rehabilitating our natural oyster grounds
which should revolutionize the oyster industry in our State. This pro-gram
in North Carolina is well behind those of our neighboring
states. The Institute, working in close harmony with the Department,
is rendering a needed service to the fisheries of North Carolina.
Attachd is a table of statistics which give the production of finfish
and shellfish by species during this period. Except for oysters, the
statistics reflect a healthy condition. Also, attached is a sanitation
report on shellfish sanitation.
SHELLFISH SANITATION REPORT
Mr. C. G. Holland
Fisheries Commissioner
North Carolina Department of
Conservation and Development
Morehead City, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Holland:
I have the pleasure of submitting a brief report of the activities
and observations of the office of Shellfish Sanitation of the North
Carolina State Board of Health during the biennium ending June 30,
1956.
This was a biennium for destructive hurricanes along the North
Carolina coast. Great damage was done to the shellfish industry.
Fourteen plants were destroyed and thirty-four were damaged with
losses estimated at $120,000.00. However, technical assistance has
been given to eleven new plants built at an estimated cost of
$213,000.00. Our policy of assisting dealers toward full compliance
with shellfish sanitation standards has minimized revocation of cer-tificates.
The yearly average of certificates of inspection issued to approved
shellfish dealers were: Crustacea meat, 18; shucking plants, 52; and,
shellstock dealers, 87. The two district sanitarians assigned to the
15
shellfish sanitation program made 1,775 inspections of these plants.
Collected and examined in the shellfish bacteriological laboratory
were 150 shellfish samples and 868 water samples. Plans were pre-pared
and furnished gratis for new shellfish plants.
The oyster shucking plants have been unable to obtain a supply
of legal size oysters sufficient to provide continuous operation. This
was due to both a scarcity of oysters and a reduction of harvester
effort. The inability of dealers to fill orders promptly and consistently
has long retarded economic progress in the shellfish industry.
There has been a marked increase in the production of cooked
crab meat in spite of the difficulty of full compliance with the ques-tionable
bacteriological standards of northern markets. Meetings
have been held with the National Fisheries Institute, Inc. and with
control agencies of producing and receiving states in attempts to
unify crab meat standards. Most plants are well constructed and
equipped but if this industry is to survive and prosper new techniques
of production and marketing must be developed.
Sanitary and bacteriological surveys of four shellfish growing areas
were completed during the biennium and findings reported to the
Division of Commercial Fisheries. Further surveys are in progress.
Each year dangerous pollution has reduced the acres of clean waters
for shellfish harvesters and has made necessary the increased ex-pense
of posting and constant patrolling of closed areas.
In 1955 North Carolina's shellfish sanitation program was eval-uated
by the United States Public Health Service and received a
rating of 96.1 %. With few exceptions the co-operation of our plant
operators has again been excellent.
In concluding this brief report, I wish to express my appreciation
for the co-operation and assistance you and your staff have extended
me and my co-workers in the performance of our duties.
' Respectfully submitted,
N. McKeithen Caldwell
Shellfish Sanitarian
N. C. State Board of Health
16
KIND, QUANTITY AND VALUE OF FISH TAKEN IN
WATERS OF NORTH CAROLINA
For the period July 1, 1954 to June 30, 1956
Kinds of Fish Price per Pound No. of Pounds Value to Fishermen
Herring 1 cent
Blue Fish 12
Bow Fin 6
Butters 10
Carp 3
Catfish 8 -
Croakers 6
Black Drum 6
Red Drum 10
Eels (Common) 5
Flounders 12
Star Butters 8
Hickory Shad 6
King Mackerel 20
Sea Mullet 7
Mullet 10
Hog Fish 3
Pike 13
Pompano 30
Porgy or Bream 7
Sea Bass 1 1
Shad 25
Sheephead 8
Snapper (Red) 20
Spanish Mackerel 15
Spot 10
Striped Bass 15
Sturgeon 20
Suckers 7
Sunfish 3
Swell Fish 3
Trout (Gray) 10
Trout (Spotted) 30
White Perch 8
Yellow Perch 7
Total of Food Fin Fish
Menhaden (No. of Fish)
25,062 932
753 271
9 039
104 295
797 256
2,056 331
5,030 025
58 858
324 386
167 880
2,268 755
1,055 800
508 912
13 992
3,266 364
3,654 571
588 511
1 400
7 693
113 631
101 230
1,404 964
22 212
41 954
516 567
3,578 614
1,516 717
20 611
825
2 500
436 768
3,539 124
869 424
2,339 858
91 092
60,326, 862
482,148, 569
$ 250,629
90,393
542
10,430
23,918
164,506
301,802
3,531
32,438
8,394
272,251
84,464
30,535
2,798
228,680
365,457
17,655
182
2,308
7,954
11,135
351,241
1,777
8,391
77,485
357,861
227,508
4,122
58
75
13,103
353,912
260,827
187,189
6,376
$3,759,927
4,045,821
$7,805,748
17
Shellfish
Oysters 244,381 (Bu. tubs) 5 pk $ 672,048
Clams 22,092 (bushels) 59,648
Soft Shell Crabs .. 20,062 (dozen) 30,093
Escallops 18,766 (gallons) 75,064
Hard Crabs 14,713,680 (pounds) 441,410
Shrimp 10,530,881 (pounds heods off) .... 4,212,352
Total Value of Shellfish $5,490,615
Value of Fin Fish $ 7,805,748
Value of Shellfish 5,490,615
Total Value of Water Products $13,296,363
18
Forestry
The Forestry Division, often called the State Forest Service is
designated by State law to "have charge of the work of forest main-tenance,
forest fire prevention, reforestation, and the protection of
lands and water supplies by the preservation of forests, etc." The
State law also carries specific authorization "to arrange for and
accept such aid and cooperation from the several United States
Government Bureaus and other source as may assist in carrying out
the objectives of the Department." This forestry program covers the
following broad activities:
1. Forest Fire Control—Administered by the Forestry Division in
financial cooperation with the several counties and the U. S. Forest
Service. Currently, 88 of the 100 counties are thus under cooperative
fire protection by the State. The Division conducts the work in the
counties through its salaried full-time County Ranger or County
Forester, who reports directly to one of 12 District Foresters. The
Division owns and operates 129 forest fire lookout towers, two air-planes,
its own radio communication net, and a considerable amount
of forest fire fighting equipment, consisting of tractors, fire plows,
specially equipped trucks, etc.
2. Forest Management Advice and Service—The Division has a cur-rently
authorized strength of 56 trained Foresters. Some are assigned
largely to the fire control program, some to the forest nurseries-reforestation
and some to forest management service. But all foresters
of the Division are available for the vital work of advice and service,
under certain conditions, to forest owners and operators in the man-agement
of forest land. All Forest Rangers of the Division are like-wise
available as sources of information on both forest management
and reforestation.
3. Forest Tree Nurseries and Reforestation—The Division operates
four State forest tree nurseries, one in Johnston County, one in Hen-derson
County, one in Wayne County, and one in Burke County. The
new Burke County nursery on the outskirts of the City of Morganton
is under a long-time lease from the Duke Power Company. This
nursery should be in production for certain species in 1957.
The forest tree distribution for the 1955-56 planting season was
36 million seedlings. These seedlings are sold for forest and wind-break
planting at varying prices, $4.00 per thousand f.o.b. destination
for the several species of pine.
4. Information and Education—There is available considerable
literature on forestry, most of which is free upon request to the In-
19
formation Office of the Deportment. This literature is particularly
valuable to teachers, pupils, etc.
5. Administration of Stote Forests—Thus far, the State owns and
operates only one State Forest, the 36,000 acre Bladen Lakes State
Forest in Bladen County. It is administered by the Division and is an
excellent example of the management of low value land under good
forestry practices.
6. Forest Tree Insect and Disease Control—This branch of the
Division is actively engaged in the control of forest tree insects and
diseases. Outbreaks of southern pine beetle in western North Carolina
and the oak wilt disease in North Carolina are being controlled by
crews working under the supervision of the pest control forester of
the Division.
GENERAL
In the spring of 1955 occurred one of the most disastrous fire
seasons in the memory of living inhabitants in eastern North Caro-lina.
A prolonged dry spell with high winds mode the forest areas
tinder dry. In many instances the swamps and boys were so dry that
fires burned in the ground for long periods and were most difficult
to control. The largest fire started near Lake Phelps in an inaccessi-ble
area and burned 175,000 acres before it was controlled. Con-siderable
credit is due the splendid cooperation during this entire
period by industry. Army, Navy, Coast Guard, Marines, and National
Guard for use of men and equipment on several of the large fires.
As a result of the serious losses of forest resources by these fires
a number of conferences were held with the Governor, representatives
of timber land holdings. Federal agencies, and State agencies. From
these conferences there was evolved by the Division a comprehensive
and detailed Forest Fire Plan for the State and each of the 12 forestry
districts.
The scope of this plan with the many agencies involved can be
judged by noting that the State Plan alone contains 79 pages. Mutual
Aid Agreements have been signed with the States of Tennessee, South
Carolina and Georgia under the Southeastern Interstate Forest Fire
Protection Compact Low which was passed by the 1955 North Caro-lina
Legislature. These agreements should greatly facilitate forest
fire control measures during hazardous periods.
The phenomenal growth of the demand for forest tree seedlings
will be further greatly stimulated by the conservation reserve features
of the Federal Soil Bank Act. This anticipated demand has necessi-tated
plans for the expansion of existing nursery facilities and the
}
establishment of a new nursery in Burke County near Morganton on
property under long time lease from the Duke Power Co. This new
20
nursery should alleviate the continuing shortage of white pine seed-lings
for western North Carolina.
Vigorous and continuing action is being taken to control an
epidemic of Southern pine beetles in the mountain region of the
State and also the location and control of the Oak Wilt disease
which is present in three western counties.
The personnel situation in regard to technically trained foresters
to carry out the responsibilities of the Division is critical. There were
twelve forester vacancies at the end of the biennium, almost entirely
due to the much higher salaries offered by industry and other
agencies.
FOREST MANAGEMENT
Expanding the forest management services to the timber land-owners
of the State with already existing budget and facilities is the
chief aim of the Forest Management Division.
Management services ore now available in 71 counties and limited
management services in the remaining 29 counties.
The outstanding feature of this activity is that the private land-owner
is given in-the-woods advice and services on how best to
manage and market his timber.
Ten Service Foresters ore at present employed to give tree marking
service, forest management advice, and forest planting assistance
to landowners. Currently over 25 million board feet of timber are
marked annually for cutting on individual landowners' tracts by
these Service Foresters and other forestry personnel. This is about
two per cent of the timber cut annually in North Carolina. However,
the demand for this service of tree marking is expanding and each
year will find more and more marked timber cut. Effective July 1,
1956 a nominal charge was imposed for the marking service.
PROGRESS IN FOREST MANAGEMENT SERVICE TO LANDOWNERS
Prior During Total
io this Biennium To Date
Biennium 1954-56
No. of Examinations Made 6,511 2,260 8,771
Total Woodland
Acres Examined 1,590,785 182,085 1,772,870
No. of Tracts Marked 2,673 1,087 3,760
Acreage Marked 74,740 22,590 97,330
Board Feet Marked 185,915,000 54,856,000 240,771,000
Cords Marked 61,373 24,857 86,230
Applications Not
Acted Upon 331
Acres Given
Planting Assistance 3,454 4,742 8,196
21
NURSERIES
With the establishment of the forest tree nursery in Burke County,
the State will have in operation four forest tree nurseries, one in
Johnston, one in Wayne County, one in Henderson and one in Burke
County. The new Burke County nursery was established primarily to
supply the demand for white pine and yellow poplar seedlings for
the mountain area. Under the provisions of the Federal Soil Bank
considerable Federal assistance is being obtained for the establish-ment
of this new nursery. When in peak production, the 4 nurseries
should have a maximum capacity of 100 million seedlings annually.
The tree seedings are sold for windbreaks, erosion control, and re-forestation
at varying prices, $4.00 per thousand f.o.b. destination
for the several species of pine. Over 50 million seedlings are available
for planting season 1956-57. . ,
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS BY SPECIES
Species 1952-53 1953-54 1954-55 1955-56
Black Locust
Black Walnut
Loblolly Pine
Longleaf Pine
Red Cedar
Shortleaf Pine
Slash Pine
Yellow Poplar
White Pine
Miscellaneous
Totals:
30,525
7,850
6,787,550
418,850
618,500
822,850
1,189,000
226,650
1,272,400
28,530
11,402,705
25,800
10,627
9,700,760
789,487
626,910
749,600
2,625,750
277,300
1,924,800
45,150
16,776,184
19,900
6,600
14,915,250
768,712
839,183
483,400
3,298,300
466,750
3,491,475
113,075
24,402,645
25,500
4,175
16,981,656
863,906
391,575
1,518,250
13,193,206
283,800
1,749,900
897,110
35,909,087
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS BY CLASS
OF COOPERATORS
Class of
Cooperators Biennium 1954-56 Cumulative Grand Total
No. of No. of No. of No. of
Cooperator! Trees Cooperators Trees
Farmers 7,270 20,868,186 26,134 64,730,110
Industries 120 31,535,700 437 63,354,649
Schools 121 346,275 655 2,589,559
State 15 853,000 198 4,173,786
Club & Organizations 54 138,650 2,656 698,053
Municipalities 14 3,409,950 64 3,856,074
Federal Agencies 23 2,181,137 90 10,332,367
Others 145 978,825 589 7,315,738
Totals: 7,762 60,311,723 30,823 157,050,336
22
FOREST INSECT & DISEASE CONTROL
This branch of the Forestry Division which was formed under the
law passed by the 1953 General Assembly and has been very active
during the biennium. An epidemic of the southern pine beetle in
Cherokee County has been controlled by the crews of this branch.
Crews are now operating on an outbreak of this pest in the Asheville
Basin in Buncombe County. These ore cooperative projects under
the Federal Forest Pest Act.
A survey of the Oak Wilt infested trees in western North Carolina
with the eradication of those trees found is continuing. This consists
of air survey and ground checking for the disease which has caused
serious damage in the mid-western states and has been found in
Buncombe, Haywood and Madison Counties in western North Caro-lina.
PUBLICATIONS
In August, 1955, there was published "Buyers of Forest Products
in North Carolina." This 93 page booklet contains the names of
purchasers of forest products obtained by a county by county survey.
It is extremely useful to farmers and other landowners in marketing
products from their timberland.
FOREST FIRE CONTROL
The Federal Government, under the provision of Section 2 of the
Clark McNary Law continues its financial cooperation with the State.
The amount of funds made available to the State, under the provision
of this law, is based largely upon the actual State appropriation for
forest fire control and need.
Supervisory Personnel
A fairly heavy turn-over in all grades of supervisory personnel con-tinued
during the past two years.
Present- Organization
As of June 30, 1954, there were 88 counties cooperating with the
Division of Forestry in forest fire control.
County Cooperation
Work has been continued in financial cooperation with the 88
counties under forest fire control, with work being based on the
county as a unit. This form of cooperation has met widespread sup-port
from the various counties. The Department cooperates with the
various counties on the basis of their ability to pay as indicated by
each county's taxable wealth. The counties pay from 25 to 40 per
cent of the total cost of fire protection within the county.
23
As of June 30, 1954, there were 12 counties, representing
1,267,896 acres in the State still without any form of forest fire
control.
Private Cooperation
Financial cooperation was continued with private forest owners
who agree to pay an annual amount used to supplement other avail-able
funds to provide more intensified fire protection to their lands.
Detection System
The Division now operates 129 lookout towers. In addition to the
State-operated towers, there are 42 Federally-owned towers which
cooperate with the State in reporting fires. The operation of two
State owned airplanes has supplemented the tower network and aided
the ground crews materially.
Forestry Division Communication
The Division now owns and operates 468 two-way radios and in
oddition owns a considerable mileage of telephone lines.
Permanent Improvements
A new district warehouse, district office, oil and tire house and
grease rack were constructed at New Bern. A new District office
was constructed at Fayetteville. Four steel and one treated wood forest
fire towers were purchased and erectd during the two year period.
An observation cab was constructed on the Jefferson Standard build-ing
in Greensboro making an excellent lookout point. (Building 17
stories high). Two equipment shelters for plowing units were con-structed
at Scotland Neck and Lower Grove. A total of seven small
buildings were constructed at remote towers for storage of tools and
supplies and overnight sleeping for tower operators.
Forest Fire Statistics
The forest fire statistics for the past four years are shown in the
statistical chart. In evaluating these statistics, the following factors
must be kept in mind:
1. Climatic conditions which are all important in the actual sup-pression
of forest fires.
2. Funds available represented about one-half the amount needed
for adequate protection.
Conclusion
The goal of State-wide forest fire protection has yet to be accom-plished.
The increased support of the general public, however, has
indicated the very real progress made by forest fire prevention and
control.
24
FOREST FIRE STATISTICS FOR STATE PROTECTED AREAS
BY CALENDAR YEARS
1952
Area under Protection—Acres 1 5,553, 1 46
Number of Fires 3,768
Causes of Fires
1. Campers and Hunters .. 339
2. Brush Burning 1,343
3. Incendiary 661
4. Lightning 96
5. Logging 125
6. Railroads 93
7. Smokers 831
8. Miscellaneous 280
Total 3,768
Area Burned:
Forest Land 231,994
Open Land 66,050
Total 298,044
Damage:
Forest Land $323,436
Other 426,581
Total $750,017
Law Enforcement:
No. Fires Resulting in
Law Enforcement Action .... 926
Finances—Fiscal years 1952-53
Appropriation by Counties $221,709
Appropriation by
Private Owners 25,203
Appropriation by State 528,184
Transfer from
Preceding Year
Rentals from Employees 5,063
Appropriation, Federal
Government 278,676
Presuppression Fire Lines .... 3,912
Total Appropriations $1,062,747
Available Funds:
Per Acre Protected 6.8 cents
1953 1954 1955
5,566,788 15,615,501 15,696,980
3,143 4,164
433 330 259
951 1,369 1,338
491 700 563
47 105 61
137 157 129
60 141 108
723 866 806
301 496 425
3,143 4,164 3,689
131,077
22,459
193,666
14,334
548,009
32,094
153,536 208,000 580,103
$1,051,050
193,704
$1,317,451
53,189
$4,481,637
22,815
$1,244,754 $1,370,640 $4,504,452
638 866 895
1953-54 1954-55 1955-56
$263,976 $253,135 $267,828
29,874
572,243
33,101
649,929
36,465
665,193
5,375 5,780 6,038
293,977
3,997
1,169,442
293,966
3,643
$1,239,554
321,589
2,660
$1,299,773
7.5 cents 7.9 cents 8.2 cents
BLADEN LAKES STATE FOREST
This 36,000 acre State Forest continues to be an outstanding
example of forest management in the State.
25
This area which was leased from the Federal Government in 1939
was deeded to the State in October, 1954, and is now in complete
control of the State with the exception of certain mineral rights.
A variety of activities are carried on in this area, as is noted from
the table of receipts acquired this biennium. The most unique feature
about this area is that it is self-supporting. In fact, excess receipts
over expenditures are shown at the end of each year's operation.
Money is paid in lieu of taxes to the County of Bladen each year
from these excess receipts, and averages yearly about $4,500.
SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS—BLADEN LAKES STATE FOREST
July 1, 1954—June 30, 1956
3,663,546 Board Feet Rough Green Lumber $140,646.64
1,407 Board Feet Pine Stumpage 28.14
7,753.74 Cords Pulpwood 24,962.09
52.42 Cords Oak Wood 690.40
28:50 Cords Oak Wood Stumpage 26.25
54,357 Pounds Charcoal 1,730.14
54,777 Treated Pine Posts 23,667.57
14 Loads Cypress Poles 350.00
139,400 Tobacco Sticks 144.95
1,636 Treated Sign Posts for Fire Control 1,558.15
1,955 Board Feet Logs 52.89
180,650 Shingles 875.17
Timber Trespass 540.71
Custom Treating 1,279.65
Deer Hunts 1,770.00
House Rent 144.00
Miscellaneous 236.60
$198,703.35
Appropriations 280. 1
Transferred from Previous Fiscal Years 17,630.00
Rental from Employees 1,372.80
Total Receipts 217,986.25
Total Expenditures 188,848.25
Balance Unexpended " $ 29,138.00
26
Mineral Resources
The Division of Mineral Resources is the official representative
of the Department of Conservation and Development in the fields
of geology, mineral resources, mining, and treatment of minerals.
It corresponds to the geological survey of most states. Its work is
to collect, tabulate, and evaluate information concerning the min-eral
resources of the State and to make this information available
to the public in useful form. Its objective is to improve the general
welfare of North Carolina through a more thorough understanding
and better use of its geology and mineral resources. The activities
and services of the division may be summarized, as follows:
1. The division, through its own personnel and in cooperation with
the United States Geological Survey and other agencies, carries
out systematic surveys of the geology and mineral resources of spe-cific
areas which may be treated as units. Such work includes de-tailed
topographic and geologic mapping, controlled sampling, pet-rographic
study, and a general appraisal of the geology and mineral
resources of each area surveyed.
2. The division carries out, in cooperation with various state and
federal agencies and industrial concerns, a wide range of mineral
investigations restricted to the study of a specific mineral or mineral
resource. Individual deposits and prospects are studied, mapped, and
sampled. Mineralogical and petrographic studies are carried out,
and a general appraisal is made of each deposit and the resource
as a whole.
3. There is being carried out, in cooperation with the United
States Geological Survey, a detailed investigation of the ground-water
resources of the State. This type of investigation includes geo-logic
mapping as well as hydrologic studies and chemical analyses
on ground (subsurface) waters to determine the type, quality, quan-tity,
and availability of such waters in the State and how they may
be used to the best advantage.
4. The division cooperates with landowners, prospectors, small
miners, and other citizens of the State by identifying and reporting
on specimens of rocks and minerals sent in for examination. Also,
information is furnished on specific mineral deposits and mineral
resources where it appears that the furnishing of such information
will advance the general welfare of the State. The office of the Di-vision
of Mineral Resources serves as a clearing house for this infor-mation
through the publication of reports designated as bulletins,
economic papers, information circulars, and reports of investiga-tion.
27
WORK OF DIVISION
During the biennium 1954-1956, there was more interest on the
part of industry in the mineral resources of North Carolina than dur-ing
any like period in the history of the State. In the summer of 1953,
Ventures, Limited, a Canadian corporation, began core drilling at
Ore Knob, Ashe County. This drilling was a success from the begin-ning,
and during the biennium 1954-1956 more than a million tons
of 3-per cent copper ore were blocked out. A shaft has been sunk
to a depth of a thousand feet, and a plant has been built to con-centrate
the ore. The success of this venture has created new interest
in copper, lead, and zinc prospects, and three or four major com-panies
are now interested in developing these minerals in the State.
As a result of this increased interest in copper, personnel of the
division mapped and studied a 50-square-mile area in Chatham
County in which two potential copper-producing prospects are located.
A report, including a detailed geologic mop of the area, has been
completed and is on file in division offices.
Increased demands for lithium and the success of Foote Mineral
Company in its mining operations at Kings Mountain have created
new interest in the spodumene (lithium) deposits of the Kings Moun-tain
district. Foote Mineral Company of Philadelphia began mining
and concentrating spodumene for its lithium content at Kings Moun-tain
in 1951. The success of this venture and the circulation of
reports that the spodumene deposits of the Kings Mountain district
contain approximately ninety per cent of the lithium reserves of the
United States created intense interest in the area. In 1954, Lithium
Corporation of America acquired property and began construction
of a plant near Bessemer City, Gaston County. Production began
early in 1955. At the same time, other potential producers began
acquiring property and exploring for spodumene. While the construc-tion
of additional plants has not begun, five major companies are
carrying out active exploration with considerable success. Due to the
lack of detailed information on the deposits and the many requests
received in this office, a study of the area was begun in the summer
of 1955. A report. Information Circular 15, "Lithium Resources of
North Carolina," has been prepared and published by the division.
This report indicated that the major deposits which are favorable for
mining contain 41,500,000 tons of ore to a depth of 300 feet, which
averages 15 per cent to 20 per cent spodumene and should produce
55,030,00 units of lithium oxide. There is probably an equal amount
in tonnage of ore below the depth of 300 feet and in deposits not
now considered favorable for mining.
NEW METALS DEVELOPED
The use of titanium oxide as a pigment together with new uses
for titanium metal in jet engines and for other high-temperature
28
requirements caused a renewed interest in the rutile and ilmenite
deposits of the State. The rutile deposits of Clay County were re-studied,
and two leases were granted by the Board of Conservation
and Development for the prospecting of ilmenite sands in the sounds
in the eastern part of North Carolina. Responsive to this renewed
interest, the division made a detailed study of the terrace formations
of Sampson County and prepared two reports, which are on file in the
office of the division. One of these is entitled, "Petrography of the
Sampson County, North Carolina, Pleistocene Formations." The other
is entitled, "Geomorphology of Sampson County, North Carolina."
Sampson County was selected for study because it is more than fifty
miles long and lies across four of the Pleistocene terraces of the
State. The terraces were mapped in detail, and some 84 selected
samples of the Pleistocene sand were collected. Twenty-four of the
samples which were most characteristic of the terraces were care-fully
concentrated, and heavy-fraction studies with a petrographic
microscope were made to determine the amount of ilmenite present
and its distribution through the county. Ilmenite was found in all
the samples, but the study indicated that commercial deposits may
be expected in the Coastal Plain only at points favorable for ilmenite
concentration.
Tungsten Mining Corporation practically doubled the capacity of
its plant at Townsville, Vance County, and active exploration for
tungsten ore in Cabarrus County was started by Carolina Tungsten
Company. There was increased interest in asbestos and kyanite, and
the production of pyrophyllite, mica, kaolin, feldspar, stone and
other minerals was stepped up by new developments and the ex-pansion
of existing plants. Several areas containing asbestos, kyanite,
and other nonmetallic minerals were examined, and information of
value was collected and made available to potential producers. The
value of the mineral production of the State is increasing at the rate
of approximately ten per cent each year.
STUDIES AND REPORTS
A study of miscellaneous rocks of value, such as quartzites,
gneisses, unakite, and sandstone, was made, and a report. Informa-tion
Circular 13, entitled, "Petrography and Economic Aspects of
the Miscellaneous Commercial Rocks of North Carolina," was pub-lished.
This report completed the studies began in 1942 on the com-mercial
rocks (excluding limestone) in North Carolina. Previously
published was Bulletin 67, "The Commercial Granites of North Caro-lina,"
and Information Circular 12, "Commercial Rocks of the Vol-canic-
Slate Series, North Carolina."
The discovery, in 1954, of uranium minerals in geologic formations
other than pegmatite dikes created nuclear interest in the possibility
of finding commercial deposits of uranium in the State. As a result,
29
several major groups are actively exploring for uranium in the upper
Piedmont and Mountain Counties. In order to keep abreast of this
interest in and prospecting for uranium minerals and furnish some
of the information being requested, a general reconnaissance was
mode of the more important areas, and a report, Information Circular
14, "Radioactive Minerals of North Carolina," was prepared for
distribution. This report contains descriptions of the more important
radioactive minerals known to occur in the State, indicates the areas
where these minerals occur, and outlines prospecting procedures.
Economic Paper 66, "The Mining Industry in North Carolina from
1946 through 1953," was prepared and published. In addition to a
detailed summary and review of the mining industry in North Caro-lina
for the years indicated, this report contains a brief review of the
State's mining for the past fifty years and presents information of
value on the geology and potential mineral resources of the State.
The first report on the mining industry in North Carolina covered
the year 1900 and was published in 1901. The present report, there-fore,
is a sort of golden anniversary volume. It furnishes information
that was badly needed, and it has been well received by representa-tives
of the mining industry and the public generally.
GEOLOGIC MAPPING
Geologic mapping was renewed during the biennium, and several
counties in which such work had not been done previously were
mapped. These included portions of Ashe and Caldwell and all of
Alleghany, Alexander, Surry, Wilkes, Yadkin, and Granville. In addi-tion,
an area in the Slate Belt near Albemarle, Stanly County, was
mapped, and a report, entitled, "The Carolina Slate Belt near Albe-marle,
North Carolina," was prepared. This report is on file in the
office of the division.
In March 1956, Governor Luther H. Hodges authorized the prepara-tion
of a new geologic mop of the State and made available $25,000
to carry out the mapping in several counties necessary for the pro-duction
of such a map. Three field parties began geologic mapping
in June and two more in July. It is expected that the map will be
completed and published during the calendar year 1957.
The United States Geological Survey continued to show an active
interest in the geology and mineral resources of the State. An im-portant
report. Professional Paper 246, "The Geology of the Deep
River Coal Field, North Carolina," was published by that organiza-tion.
This report contains some 158 pages, 10 maps, and a complete
description of the area, including the coal. In continuation of our
program of cooperative work with the Survey and following comple-tion
of studies in the Spruce Pine district and in the Homme Tungsten
district of Vance County, mapping was begun in the Fairgrove and
Lexington quadrangles of Davidson County. This area was selected
30
because it is in the Carolina Slate Belt, which is attracting consider-able
attention as a possible source of strategic minerals.
GROUND WATER STUDIES
Ground water in the Coastal Plain continued to be an item of
major importance. Real progress has been made in our cooperative
work with the United States Geological Survey in this field, as follows:
Fieldwork has been completed in the Southern Pines area, and a
report, "Ground-Water Resources of the Southern Pines Area, North
Carolina," is being reviewed and edited for publication. The counties
covered by this report are: Harnett, Lee, Moore, Montgomery, Rich-mond,
Hoke, Scotland, Robeson, and Cumberland. "Stratigraphic
Revision Concerning the Trent Marl of North Carolina" is another
report that has been prepared and is is now being reviewed by the
Geological Society of America, having in mind its publication in the
journal of that society. "Well Logs of the Coastal Plain of North
Carolina," which should be of real value to the well driller, prospec-tive
well owner, and persons interested in the geology of the Coastal
Plain, has been prepared and will soon be ready for publication. A
report, "Upper Cretaceous Ostracoda from North Carolina," has
reached final stages in its preparation for publication and will be
valuable to geologists and others interested in the geological forma-tions
and ground-water resources of the eastern part of our State.
Considerable work has been done and reports should be completed
in about a year in two other areas. One of these covers Lenoir, Craven,
Carteret, Duplin, Jones, Pender, Onslow, and New Hanover Counties
and bears the title, "Geology and Ground-Water Resources of the
Wilmington-New Bern Area, North Carolina." The other study covers
Hertford, Gates, Bertie, Martin, Beaufort, Chowan, Greene, and Pitt
Counties and will be entitled "Geology and Ground-Water Resources
of the Greenville Area, North Carolina." All of this ground-water
work is of considerable importance to the industrial development of
the Coastal Plain, since much of the water needed in that area will
come from the ground.
Another report resulting from cooperative work with the Survey,
"Ground-Water Resources in North Carolina," was published in Feb-ruary
1956 as our Bulletin 69. This report summarizes in nontechnical
language the ground-water resources of the State and furnishes in-formation
which may be applied in a general way to all sections of
the State.
COOPERATIVE SERVICES
During the biennium, at least a hundred well sites were located
for towns, schools. State institutions, and industries. The division
cooperated with landowners, prospectors, small miners, and people
interested in the geology and mineral resources of the State by ren-
31
dering services not otherwise available. Information was furnished
on asbestos, kyanite, pyrophyllite, uranium, and other minerals.
Approximately 1,500 rock and mineral specimens were examined
for citizens of the State and information furnished as to their identity
and value. Hundreds of letters were written in reply to requests for
general information on the mineral resources of the State and in
response to requests for specific information with respect to the value
or availability of different properties. In addition, many copies of the
division's publications were sent to interested persons.
The following publications were issued by the Division of Mineral
Resources during the biennium:
Bulletin No. 69, "Ground-Water Resources in North Carolina,"
by H. E. LeGrand.
Economic Paper No. 66, "The Mining Industry in North Carolina
from 1946 through 1953," by Sam D. Broadhurst.
Information Circular No. 13, "Miscellaneous Commercial Rocks
of North Carolina," by Richard J. Councill.
Information Circular No. 14, "An Introduction to Radioactive
Minerals in North Carolina," by Richard J. Councill.
Information Circular No. 15, "Lithium Resources of North Caro-lina,"
by Sam D. Broadhurst.
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State Parks
THE ROLE OF STATE PARKS IN CONSERVATION
Today, we depend on natural resources for far more than just our
material and economic needs. We depend upon our natural resources
to satisfy other needs as well. That we depend so much on our natural
resources for the fulfillment of needs beyond material needs is one
of the indicators of our present economic status and way of life. A
part of our natural resources should, in fact must, be used without
actually being consumed and for purposes other than direct dollars
and cents gains.
The ability of the average person to satisfy his or her non-material
needs has been increasing rapidly because of three relatively recent
developments: (1) increased leisure time, (2) higher income, and (3)
greater mobility. The present trend in each of these is upward. This
is especially true of leisure time. It is now widely predicted that the
forty hour week will be replaced by the thirty hour week.
CONSERVING HUMAN RESOURCES
These factors make it mandatory that our conservation program
—
our program for the wise use of natural resources—include adequate
provision for the recreational use of natural resources so that we may
meet both our material and our non-material needs. No conservation
program—state, national or local—can possibly be successful unless
it places the same emphasis on recreational use of natural resources
as on forest management, wildlife protection, water conservation and
intelligent practices in harvesting natural resources.
In this phase of wisely using natural resources, the state park sys-tem
plays a very important part
—
a part that is doubly important
since the state parks make possible the use of natural resources to
conserve human resources. State parks provide a broad range of op-portunities
for wise and wholesome use of leisure time and thus
provide lasting social benefits. State parks bring mental health,
spiritual strength and the growth of aesthetic appreciation by bring-ing
people into close contact with the beauties and the mysteries of
the natural world. They promote physical fitness through providing
for a wide range of physical activities from swimming to hiking. They
help develop increased appreciation of man's place in nature through
the opportunities they offer for the study of natural history. State
parks help build the ability to work with others for the common
good through such programs as youth camping and family camping.
The Division of State Parks has but cne purpose: TO SERVE
PEOPLE:
33
In the conservation work of striving to assure for the people of
North Carolina adequate provision for recreational use of natural
resources, the Division of State Parks serves people in three ways:
1. By preserving and protecting natural areas of unique or ex-ceptional
scenic value for the use, enjoyment and benefit of not only
the present generation but of generations to come. This is the basic
service of state parks; we must never lose sight of it.
2. By providing opportunities for recreational use of natural re-sources
and for outdoor recreation and outdoor living in natural
surroundings. Recreation that makes use of natural resources in
the outdoors is a definite responsibility of any state park system.
Opportunities for camping, fishing, boating, swimming, picnicking
and simliar types of recreation are a major concern of state park
systems. State parks should provide facilities and opportunities pri-marily
for recreational use of the great outdoors and should leave
the more highly organized and intensive recreational pursuits to
municipal and other agencies.
3. By portraying and explaining plant and animal life, geology
and all other natural features included in the various areas in the
state park system. In an age when we are faced with ever-dwindling
natural resources, this service is very important, because an enlighten-ed
public is essential for intelligent use of natural resources.
The major phases of the work of the Division of State Parks are:
1
.
Operation for Public Use
2. Maintenance
3. Interpretive and Public Use Programs
4. Protection and Law Enforcement
5. Business Management
6. Information and Education
7. Personnel Administration
8. Planning, Development and Construction
9. Cooperation with and Services to Other Agencies
A summary of accomplishments in each of these phases of work
follows:
1. OPERATION FOR PUBLIC USE
State Parks
All records in state park use were broken during this biennium.
State park attendance of 3,042,331 was larger than the attendance
during any previous biennium. It exceeded attendance for the bien-nium
ending June 30, 1954 by 12.5 per cent; attendance for the
biennium ending June 30, 1952 by 24.7 per cent; and attendance
for the biennium ending June 30, 1950 by 85.5 per cent. State park
34
attendance of 1,548,897 for the fiscal year July 1, 1954-June 30,
1955 was the greatest for any single fiscal year since the first state
park was estabilshed. State park attendance of 1,483,434 for the
fiscal year July 1, 1955-June 30, 1956, although somewhat reduced
by adverse weather conditions and hurricanes, was greater than for
any single fiscal year in any previous biennium. These increases in
state park use were spread throughout the state park system—every
state park experienced an increase in public use.
Even more impressive than mere attendance figures, and actually
more important, is the fact that an ever-increasing percentage of
those who come to the state parks are park users instead of being
merely park visitors. This is one of several clear indications of the
constantly growing recreational use being made of natural resources
and very vividly emphasizes the necessity for an adequate, well-rounded
state park system.
The uses made of state parks were many and varied. Among the
outdoor activities in which state park users engaged were picnicking,
swimming, tent camping, trailer camping, wilderness camping, or-ganized
camping by youth groups, boating, fishing, hiking, nature
study and vacationing in state park cabins. One striking feature of
this use is that it is predominantly family use. By far the largest
percentage of those using the state parks do so in family groups.
Two outstanding special events took place during this biennium.
The first of these was the dedication to public use of the swimming
facilities at Cliffs of the Neuse State Park on June 4, 1955 by Gov-ernor
Hodges. The other special event was the dedication of the
William B. Umstead State Park at 5:00 p.m. on August 28, 1955, at
which time the name of the park was officially changed from Crab-tree
Creek State Park. The dedication program, at which Governor
Hodges delivered the principal address, was attended by upwards
of 4,000 people. Special guests included Mrs. William B. Umstead,
who responded on behalf of the Umstead family, and Miss Merle
Bradley Umstead, daughter of former Governor Umstead, who un-veiled
the entrance markers.
New facilities placed in operation during this biennium included
the swimming facilities at Cliffs of the Neuse State Park consisting
of bathhouse and lake, the new park road system and parking areas
at William B. Umstead State Park, the restaurant and observation
lounge at Mount Mitchell State Park, and boat rental facilities at
Morrow Mountain and Pettigrew State Parks.
State Lakes
The Division of State Parks administers the seven State Lakes. Four
of these lakes are within the boundaries of state parks and are ad-ministered
as state park areas. These four lakes are Singletary Lake,
which is a part of the Singletary Lake Group Camp area; Lake Phelps,
35
which is a part of Pettigrew State Park; and Jcnes and Salters Lakes,
which are within the boundaries of Jones Lake State Park. As Black
Lake is adjacent to Bladen Lakes State Forest, it is handled in a
similar fashion.
Because the State owns no land around the remaining two lakes
—
Lake Waccamaw in Columbus County and White Lake in Bladen
County—the administration of these two bodies of water presents
many problems. These problems were complicated by the very low
water level of White Lake and Lake Waccamaw, as well as of the
other lakes in Bladen and Columbus Counties, during all of 1954 and
the first eight months of 1955. Careful geological investigation
revealed that the major cause of the extremely low water level was
the prolonged drought. The rains brought by the hurricanes of
August and September, 1955, raised the water of these lakes to
practically normal full level and the lakes continued full or nearly
full throughout the remainder of the biennium. To partially alleviate
the handicap this low water level placed on the users of White Lake,
the State Lakes Regulations were amended to permit lengthening of
piers and docks. In addition to low water in 1955, White Lake suffer-ed
from a recurrence of the algae condition that occurred in 1950.
More dock, pier and boat permits were issued at both White Lake
and Lake Waccamaw than in any previous biennium.
2. MAINTENANCE
Hurricane Hazel, which struck the State on October 15, 1954,
caused severe damage at many state parks. Heavy damage to build-ings
and natural features occurred at Fort Macon State Park and
heavy damage occurred to natural features at Cliffs of the Neuse,
Jones Lake and William B. Umstead State Parks and at Singletary
Lake Group Camp. The damage caused to natural features, involving
as it did the blow-down of thousands of mature hardwoods, was
irreparable. Damages to structures at Fort Macon State Park were
repaired with a special $25,000 fund made available for this purpose
by Governor Hodges. Extensive building repairs, as well as repairs to
parking areas and utilities, were required. In September, 1955, Hur-ricane
lone did considerable damage at Fort Macon State Park and
relatively slight damage to other state parks. Damages at Fcrt Macon
State Park were corrected by an allotment of approximately $9,000
from the Contingency and Emergency Fund.
The severe drought conditions of 1954, and preceding years, af-fected
several state parks. The two most adverse effects were the near
failures of the water supply systems at Hanging Rock, William B.
Umstead and Reedy Creek State Parks, and the serious effect the
drought had on the vegetative covering of many state parks. Emer-gency
measures had to be taken to avoid closing to public use those
state parks having serious water supply problems.
36
The extra repair and maintenance work made necessary by the
hurricanes and severe drought complicated the maintenance problem.
Personnel of the Division of State Parks are responsible for main-taining
several million dollars worth of property. This property in-cludes,
in addition to land, a large number of buildings of various
types and sizes, roads, parking areas, trails, water supply systems,
sewer systems, telephone lines, power lines, a variety of public use
areas, and operating and maintenance equipment. Despite the com-plications
of emergency repair and maintenance work required be-cause
of the hurricanes and the drought, regular maintenance of the
state parks was carried on during the biennium. Several major and
scores of minor maintenance jobs were completed. In addition to
repair of hurricane damages, major maintenance projects have in-cluded
extensive repairs to the group camp lake dam at William B.
Umstead State Park, major overhaul of the water supply system at
Cliffs of the Neuse State Park, and extensive repairs to park road
systems.
The increase made in appropriations for state park maintenance
by the 1955 General Assembly made possible some maintenance
gains. Nevertheless, state park maintenance is still not up to first-class
standard and additional funds will be required to reach this
standard. Ever-increasing public use of the state parks automatically
brings with it increasing wear and tear on the facilities so that main-tenance
work increases in direct proportion to public use.
3. INTERPRETIVE AND PUBLIC USE PROGRAMS
Increasing emphasis was given to the program of assisting state
park users to use and enjoy the natural features of state parks more
fully and thus secure greater benefits from them. At five state parks —Cliffs of the Neuse, Hanging Rock, Morrow Mountain, Mount
Mitchell and William B. Umstead State Parks—naturalists were em-ployed
during the summer months to carry on such activities as con-ducted
nature hikes, nature lectures, laying out and maintaining self-guided
nature trails and similar activities. Public demand for these
services is almost as great in the fall and spring months as in the
summer months and, to meet this demand, the naturalist at William
B. Umstead State Park was employed on a part-time basis during the
spring of 1956. The program included regularly scheduled nature
hikes each Saturday and Sunday during the spring months and illus-trated
talks to groups. This experiment of extending naturalist serv-ices
beyond the summer season was very successful and received
much favorable comment.
Much more emphasis should be placed on interpretive programs.
These programs include portraying and explaining such natural fea-tures
as geology, plants, animals and natural processes and are both
37
recreational and educational. Such programs are among the most
lasting and beneficial public services offered by the state parks.
Public use programs included teaching swimming and life saving
classes in cooperation with the American Red Cross and assisting a
large number of groups to plan and carry out day outings in the
state parks.
4. PROTECTION AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
The park superintendents and park rangers continued to do a good
job of maintaining law and order in the state parks; protecting the
state parks from fire, vandalism and trespass; and protecting the
animal and plant life in the state parks. This work has involved many
different jobs, including patrol and fire prevention measures; bound-ary
surveys and marking; educational contacts with park neighbors;
and cooperation with other agencies. In cooperation with the Divi-sion
of Forestry, written fire control plans for several state parks
have been prepared.
Only three fires occurred within the state park system during the
biennium despite the highly hazardous conditions brought on by long
drought periods. One fire occurred at William B. Umstead State Park
and burned only one-quarter acre. Two fires, one covering one acre
and one covering two acres, occurred at Reedy Creek State Park. This
excellent protection record was due entirely to the vigilance of the
park superintendents and park rangers and the extra patrol duty they
performed during severe drought periods.
Use of the state parks continued to be orderly because of the
good protection and law enforcement carried on by the park superin-tendents
and pork rangers. The educational work carried on by the
Division and the vigilance of field personnel have somewhat reduced
vandalism in the state parks.
5. BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Business management is a very important part of the varied and
complex state park program. Accounting for expenditures and re-ceipts;
specifying and requisitioning a wide variety of supplies, ma-terials
and equipment; property inventorying and accounting; prep-aration
of payrolls; keeping fiscal, equipment, operation and cost
records are only a part of business management of the state parks.
Upon the prompt and efficient execution of business management
activities depends much of the success of the state park program.
Among the activities carried on in this phase of state park work
during this biennium were periodical physical inventories of non-expendable
property at each state park, frequent merchandise inven-tories,
and revision of parts of the Forms and Reports Manual.
Earned receipts frcm the operation of state park facilities during
the biennium July 1, 1954-June 30, 1956 reached an all-time high
38
of $220,128.44—an increase of 20.1 per cent over the previous
biennium. These earned receipts amounted to 38.5 per cent of the
total operating and maintenance expenditures.
6. INFORMATION AND EDUCATION
The volume of inquiries for information on state parks increased
sharply during the biennium. This increase in volume of inquiries
for state pork information is another demonstration of the popularity
of state parks. The brochure, NORTH CAROLINA STATE PARKS,
continued to make possible a far better job of answering these thou-sands
of inquiries. By use of this brochure, state pork inquiries were
fully answered. In addition, thousands of requests for information on
state parks were handled verbally at the individual state parks.
Personnel of the Division made numerous talks to a variety of
groups and organizations and also participated in radio and TV pro-grams.
News stories and feature articles on state parks appeared in
newspapers throughout the state during the biennium. Features also
appeared in a number of periodicals, particularly in the company
publications of several large industrial firms.
Roadside directional signs were erected within a 25-mile radius of
both Morrow Mountain and Hanging Rock State Parks. These signs,
which give the distances and directions to these state parks, have
been most useful to the public.
In addition to the interpretive programs, educational activities
have included school camps for grammar school children during the
school years, trips to state parks by various school groups for field
study, and use of the state porks as laboratories by both public
schools and colleges.
7. PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION
The successful operation of the state pork system and the quality
and quantity of services the state parks render to the public depends
entirely upon the number and quality of the state pork employees.
Planning, building, administering, operating and maintaining a sys-tem
of state parks requires trained, efficient and experienced person-nel.
Personnel training has, therefore, continued to be the most im-portant
phase of state park personnel administration throughout this
biennium. Training to increase the knowledges and skills of state
park workers continued to be emphasized through the semi-annual
park superintendents' meetings, staff conferences, training sessions
on specific phases of state pork work, on-the-job training and home
study. As a further step in increasing the efficiency and productive-ness
of state park employees, a study has been started to secure the
data necessary to completely detail and organize the operating duties
of each employee at each state park.
39
During this biennium, the effectiveness of the state park program
has been hampered and personnel administration has been made
difficult by a large number of resignations. Resignations occurred
throughout the biennium but reached a peak during the first six
months of 1955 when one-third of the permanent positions in the
Division were vacated. This heavy turn-over in state park personnel
appears to be caused by two factors: (1) the lure of higher salaries
in other fields, and (2) the long work days and weeks required of
state park personnel. In many state parks, park use has more than
doubled in the last ten years but there has been no increase in em-ployees.
As a result, many state park employees are compelled to
work six- and seven-day weeks as well as to work overtime each day
through the summer months. This situation will, unfortunately, con-tinue
to exist so long as the present number of field employees is
so disproportionately small in comparison with the volume of public
use.
An important and time-consuming part of personnel administration
work is the selection of over 60 temporary employees each summer.
8. PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION
A. Permanent Improvements
The following permanent improvements projects were completed
during this biennium:
Cliffs of the Neuse State Park: Swimming facilities, including con-crete
diving tower, grading and sanding of protected swimming area
and grading of beach. A refreshment stand was built through the
generosity of numerous business concerns in Wayne and adjoining
counties who donated money and materials to this project.
Mount Mitchell State Park: Restaurant and Observation Lounge
Building.
The State Highway and Public Works Commission, with a special
allotment made by Governor Hodges, carried on extensive roadside
improvement work both within Mount Mitchell State Park and on the
road joining Mount Mitchell State Park with the Blue Ridge Parkway.
Work done so far has very much improved the appearance of both
the park and the connecting road.
In addition, a new sewage disposal system to serve developments
near the summit of Mount Mitchell was completed.
Mount Jefferson Area: Construction of outdoor fireplaces, tables
and benches and the erection of directional signs.
Pettigrew State Park: Reconstruction of the original Overseer's
House. This building serves the dual purpose of being a restoration
of one of the original plantation buildings and of providing quarters
for the park ranger.
40
William B. Umstead State Park: A complete park road system and
three parking areas. Governor Hodges made this project possible
by making a special allotment of $50,000. Completion of this project
not only provides all weather access to all public use facilities but,
of equal importance, it provides control of vehicular traffic into the
park, thus making possible much better protection of the park.
In addition, the Division of State Parks cooperated in the following
construction:
Tryon Palace: Restoration of the west wing of the Palace and the
construction of a replica of the east wing of the Palace were practical-ly
completed during the biennium. The contracts for the restoration
of the main building were awarded in March, 1955. All of this work
is being financed from the bequest made by the late Mrs. Maude
Moore Latham for the restoration of Tryon Palace.
Museum of North Carolina Minerals: The Division of State Parks
cooperated with the National Park Service and other State agencies
in the construction of the Museum of North Carolina Minerals which
was dedicated to public use on June 17, 1955.
B. Acqirisition of New Areas
Tryon Palace: Two tracts of land for the Tryon Palace project were
purchased with state funds. Eleven tracts were purchased with funds
from Mrs. Latham's bequest.
C. Planning
One of the most important achievements in state park planning
was the adoption by the Board of Conservation and Development in
January, 1955, of PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE ESTABLISHMENT,
EXTENSION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE PARK SYSTEM
OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA. This basic planning tool was
carefully studied by the Committee on State Parks before being pre-sented
to the Board for adoption. These principles set forth basic
planning criteria essential to a sound state park program.
In addition to carrying out the preparation of plans and specifica-tions
for all state park permanent improvements projects completed
during the biennium, the staff of the Division has planned and car-ried
out a number of major repair jobs, planned and constructed in-formation
exhibits, worked on the preparation of detailed drawings of
water systems, sewer systems and other utilities, continued work on
the preparation of master plans and master plan reports, and com-pleted
a number of field surveys.
9. COOPERATION WITH AND SERVICES TO OTHER AGENCIES
The Division of State Parks cooperated in a variety of projects
41
with other agencies and rendered a number of consultation and other
services to various public and private agencies during the biennium.
At the request of the School of Education of North Carolina State
College of Agriculture and Engineering, the Superintendent of State
Parks worked with college authorities in planning a four-year curricu-lum
in park administration. The Superintendent of State Parks also
helped plan and carry out a two-week short course in park administra-tion
at the University of Mississippi and a two-day workshop at North
Carolina State College. Cooperative services were rendered to the
National Park Service in connection with the Cape Hatteras National
Seashore Recreational Area and the Museum of North Carolina
Minerals; to the Tryon Palace Commission in connection with the
restoration of Tryon Palace; the Wildlife Resources Commission in
connection with research projects; and to a number of other State,
Federal and local agencies.
In turn, State and Federal agencies hove given much assistance
to the state park program. Appreciation is especially due to the State
Highway and Public Works Commission which has given valuable
assistance on a number of state park road and parking area projects
and to the National Park Service which has rendered valuable advice
and assistance on a number of state park problems and projects.
LEGISLATION
The only legislation, other than that connected with the budget,
concerning the Division of State Parks was the enactment of the bill
to rewrite and revise Chapter 121 of the General Statutes of North
Carolina pertaining to the Department of Archives and History. This
bill provides that the preservation of historic sites shall be the re-sponsibility
of the Department of Archives and History. Pursuant to
this bill, the Directors of these two departments jointly submitted a
report to the Governor recommending that the following historic sites
be transferred immediately to the Department of Archives and His-tory:
(1) Town Creek Indian Mound, Montgomery County.
(2) Battle of Alamance State Historical Park, Alamance County.
(3) Old Brunswick Town, Brunswick County.
(4) James Iredell House, Edenton, Chowan County.
(5) Charles B. Aycock Birthplace, Wayne County (when its re-construction
has been completed by the Charles B. Aycock
Birthplace Commission and when it is ready to be turned
over by that Commission for administration by the State.)
Further study is being given to the question of transferring the
historic portions of Fort Macon and Pettigrew State Parks and all of
Rendezvous Mountain State Historical Park to the Department of
Archives and History.
42
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER PROGRESS
A. Provide the Increased State Park Budgets Needed to Improve
Operations, Public Use Programs, and Maintenance at Existing
State Parks.
State park budgets and state park personnel are now and have
always been insufficient to adequately operate and maintain the
existing state parks. Public use increases at a greater rate than
budgets and personnel. Much more emphasis should be placed on
programs to provide for public use of the natural features of the
parks. Only by providing adequate funds and personnel can these
improvements be brought about.
Of especial importance is the provision of additional park personnel
to meet the greatly increased work load caused by very heavy increase
in public use of state parks.
B. Provide Funds Necessary to Complete Developments and Land
Purchase at Existing State Parks.
Additional facilities are needed at all state parks to meet public
demand and to carry out the basic purposes and objectives of the
state park program. Public use of many of the existing facilities is
beyond the capacity of these facilities.
C. Provide Additional Technical Personnel for Comprehensive Ad-vance
Planning of the State Park System.
An adequate staff of competent technical personnel should be
employed to prepare detailed plans for improvement of the state
park system well in advance of actual construction. Such advance
planning always saves time and money.
D. Continue to Raise State Park Personnel Standards.
In-service training should be increased and every advantage should
be taken of short courses and other training courses to increase the
knowledge and ability of state park personnel. Job descriptions and
salary scales should be re-examined in the light of present day re-quirements.
E. Provide a Land Purchase Fund for Acquisition of New State Parks.
Prepare and finance a comprehensive plan for additions to the
state park system.
The present number of areas in the state park system are too few
to render reasonable service to the people of North Carolina. Addi-tional
areas are needed if the basic purposes and objectives of the
state park program are to be achieved. These areas are necessary for
three reasons: (1) to bring state park services to all sections of North
43
Carolina; (2) to preserve certain areas for their greatest public bene-fit;
and (3) to prevent the overuse and consequent deterioration of
existing state parks. There are many gaps in the state park system
that must be filled.
F. Provide Funds for Building Public Use Facilities on New State
Parks.
Once they are acquired, roads, parking areas, sanitary facilities
and a number of public use facilities will be needed in new state
parks.
All of these recommendations should be carried out in strict accor-dance
with Principles Governing the Establishment, Extension and
Development of the State Park System of the State of North Carolina
and Park, Parkway and Recreational Area Study of North Carolina.
44
Water Resources,
Inlets and Coastal
Waterways
The functions of this division, in accordance with the provisions of
Sections 113-3, 113-8, 113-8.1, 113-27, and 143-213, General Stat-utes
of North Carolina, as amended, are as follows:
(a) To collect and classify the facts derived from investigations of
surface waters and to make these facts known to the citizens of the
State and to the public generally;
(b) To arrange and classify the facts derived from investigations of
water supplies and water powers, cooperating with other departments
and agencies of the State and providing a general source of informa-tion
in regard to the water resources of the State;
(c) To prepare, for the signature of the Director of the Department
of Conservation and Development, permits to use surface waters for
irrigation;
(d) To investigate, and cause investigations to be made of, the
coasts, ports and waterways of North Carolina, cooperating with
agencies of the Federal and State Governments and other political
subdivisions in making such investigations; and
(e) To cooperate in the pollution-abatement program of the State.
The activities of the Division during the 1954-56 Biennium, in
accomplishing the functions indicated above, ore set forth below.
INVESTIGATIONS OF SURFACE WATERS
The District Engineer, North Carolina District, Geological Survey,
U. S. Department of the Interior, pursuant to a cooperative agreement
between the Director of the Geological Survey and the Director of
the Department of Conservation and Development, operates, and
collects statistics from, stream-gaging stations throughout the state;
makes miscellaneous stream-flow measurements at various places;
determines the magnitude, duration, and frequency of selected low
flows; and provides detailed analyses and presentations of stream-flow
data. The statistics, measurements, and data are transmitted to
the Division of Water Resources, Inlets and Coastal Waterways, which
makes them, and other data derived therefrom, available to the Com-merce
and Industry Division, Department of Conservation and De-velopment,
in connection with attraction of new industries, and to
45
municipalities, industries, and individuals which may desire them.
The Department published hydrologic data on North Carolina river
basins as follows:
Names of basins and periods of data
Year of Publication
Cape Fear, 1820-1945 1947
Yadkin-Pee Dee, 1866-1945 1948
Catawba and Broad, 1872-1945 1949
Neuse, 1866-1945 1950
French Broad, 1857-1945 1950
Roanoke and Tar, 1871-1945 1952
Records of maximum mean weekly, minimum mean weekly, maxi-mum
daily, mean doily, and minimum daily discharges since 1945,
both in million gallons per day and cubic feet per second, at gaging
stations in the streams in the seven river basins indicated above,
have been, and are being, prepared by personnel of the Division from
data furnished by the Geological Survey and are maintained in the
office of the Division. They are available to the persons indicated
above and are frequently used In inventories of the water resources
of North Carolina river basins being prepared by the Division (see
"Investigations of Water Supplies and Water Powers", below), refer-ences
are being mode to hydrologic data as previously published and
records indicated in the first sentence of this paragraph are being
incorporated.
The District Chemist, North Carolina District, U. S. Geological
Survey, pursuant to a similar cooperative agreement, operates sampl-ing
stations and makes laboratory analyses of samples to evaluate the
suitability of surface waters for domestic, industrial, and agricultural
use; to plan the conservation and development of water supplies; to
evaluate the potential utility of surface waters on the basis of ma-terials
in solution or suspension; to determine the extent of salt-water
intrusion in streams in Eastern North Carolina; to determine the
quantity and characteristics of sediments in streams; and to prepare
an annual report entitled "Chemical and Physical Character of Sur-face
Waters of North Carolina", to be published by the Department
of Conservation and Development.
During the 1954-56 Biennium, the Department published Volumes
9 and 10, Bulletin 52, "Chemical and Physical Character of Surface
Waters of North Carolina", 1952-53 and 1953-54, respectively. The
chemical-analysis year extends from October 1 to September 30, in-clusive.
Volume I of Bulletin 52 covered the chemical-analysis year
1944-45. Volume 10 contains chemical analyses, average composi-tion
of dissolved solids, water temperatures, and relation of doily
specific conductance to stream flow for 6 doily-sampling stations,
chemical analyses for 7 monthly-sampling stations, chemical analyses
46
of miscellaneous streams in 10 major river basins, and sediment and
size analyses for the daily station on the Yadkin River at Yadkin
College.
The cooperative agreements, referred to above, include provisions
for matching, by the Federal Government, of North Carolina funds.
For example, the value of services provided by the U. S. Geological
Survey, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1956, amounted to
approximately $206,000, of which approximately $100,000, $97,000,
and $6,000, were contributed by the Federal Government, the State
of North Carolina, and North Carolina industries, respectively.
Budget recommendations of the Department of Conservation and
Development for the biennium ending June 30, 1959 includes in-creases
in the amount of $44,500 for cooperation with the Geological
Survey, U. S. Department of the Interior, to supplement the stream-gaging
program at fixed stations by operation of short-term movable
stations, develop data on minimum dependable surface-water yields,
establish long-term sampling stations to follow alterations in the
chemical and physical characteristics of streams in the future as a
result of increased utilization and to determine effects of additional
waste waters normally resulting from an increase in density of popu-lation
and industry, expand studies of the extent of salt-water intru-sion
to include at least two additional river basins in Eastern North
Carolina, and provide information on quantity and characteristics of
sediment in streams other than the Yadkin River. Information regard-ing
sediment in the Yadkin River is contained in Volumes 8, 9, and 10
of Bulletin 52, Department of Conservation and Development.
INVESTIGATIONS OF WATER SUPPLIES AND
WATER POWERS
The Council of State, on October 1 1, 1954, upon recommendations,
approved by the Governor, of the Advisory Water Resources Com-mittee
established by the Governor in January 1954 pursuant to a
resolution adopted by the Board of Conservation and Development,
authorized an inventory of water resources of North Carolina and
allocated $25,000 therefor to the Department of Conservation and
Development from the Contingencies and Emergency Fund.
The Department published "Water Resources of North Carolina",
"Water Resources of North Carolina, Neuse River Basin", "Water
Resources of North Carolina, Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin, and "Water
Resources of North Carolina, Chowan River Basin", in 1955, and
"State and Federal Water Laws and Considerations Affecting Future
Legislation" in January, 1956. Preparation of "Water Resources of
North Carolina, Roanoke River Basin", "Water Resources of North
Carolina, French Broad River Basin", and "Water Resources of
North Carolina, Cape Fear River Basin" is substantially completed.
It is expected that the first two inventories will be published by the
47
end of the calendar year 1956 and that the inventory of water re-sources
of the Cape Fear River Basin will be published during the
latter part of the calendar year 1957. Since June 30, 1955, when
approximately one-fourth of the funds, provided by the Council of
State, lapsed, preparation and publication of inventories of water
resources of the State hove been accomplished by funds in the budget
of the Department of Conservation and Development for the biennium
ending June 30, 1957.
In providing a general source of information in regard to the water
resources of the State, the Division has obtained information from
State departments and agencies including the Department of Labor,
the Board of Health, the Recreation Commission, the Wildlife Re-sources
Commission, the State Stream Sanitation Committee, the
Highway and Public Works Commission, and the Divisions of State
Parks and Mineral Resources, Department of Conservation and De-velopment,
and from Federal agencies including the Geological Sur-vey,
the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, the Soil Conservation Serv-ice,
and the Farmers Home Administration.
PERMITS FOR IRRIGATION
The 1951 General Assembly enacted a law, incorporated as Section
113-8.1 in General Statutes of North Carolina, as amended, which
provides that any person, before utilizing surface waters of North
Carolina for irrigation in such an amount as to substantially reduce
the volume or flow thereof, shall make application to the Director of
the Department of Conservation and Development for a permit for
such use. The Director was thereby authorized to investigate a pro-posed
irrigation plan and survey, filed with the Department, as to
safety and public interest and to approve plans and specifications
and issue permits.
As of September 14, 1954, the Director had issued only four per-mits.
At an irrigation conference in Raleigh on August 9, 1954, it
was stated that the number of acres of tobacco irrigated in North
Carolina increased from 500 acres in 1951 to 6,000 acres in 1954.
This apparent lack of non-compliance with the law was probably
caused by very little publicity having been given to its enactment
and by the fact that it is not punitive. The Director issued Permit No.
783 on August 8, 1956.
In preparing these permits for signature by the Director, the Divi-sion
of Water Resources, Inlets and Coastal Waterways, bearing in
mind the words "safety and public interest", contained in the law
and comprising the only criteria for investigating the proposed irriga-tion
plan and survey, takes every possible precaution to insure that
diversion of the flow specified in the permit will not infringe upon the
riparian rights of persons downstream from the point of diversion.
No complaint has been received by the Director regarding any permit
48
which has been issued. It appears, however, that at some future time
the steadily increasing use of water for irrigation in North Carolina
will require revision of the law to resolve inevitable conflicts in storage
and water rights and to provide security of investments in water
development and land.
INVESTIGATIONS OF COASTS, PORTS AND WATERWAYS
The Division operated a Disaster Relief Office in Wilmington from
December 1, 1954 to June 30, 1955, inclusive, cooperating with the
State Director of Civil Defense and assisting county governments
and incorporated communities in preparing applications to the Fed-eral
Civil Defense Administration for funds under the provisions of
Public Law 875, 81st Congress, to relieve damages caused by Hurri-cane
Hazel and in preparing documentation required for Federal
funds expended for such relief.
The Chief Engineer of the Division, acting in his capacity as mem-ber
of the Board of Directors of the American Shore and Beach
Preservation Association, represented the Department at annual meet-ings
of the Association at Miami Beach and New Orleans in April
1955 and April 1956, respectively. The Association, organized ap-proximately
at the same time as the Department, was instrumental
in establishment of the Beach Erosion Board, which performs, for the
Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, approximately the same
functions in connection with prevention of beach erosion as are
performed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors in con-nection
with navigation and flood control projects. The Association
and the Beach Erosion Board have been helpful to the State and to
incorporated communities thereof with regard to erosion of the coasts
of North Carolina.
The Chief Engineer of the Diivision serves as Chairman of the
Committee on Hurricane Rehabilitation, appointed by the Governor
simultaneously with the Citizens Advisory Panel to provide advice
regarding recommendations in the report entitled "North Carolina
Hurricane Project". The Committee, at their meeting on May 1 , 1 956,
unanimously passed a motion that the Governor be advised that the
Committee favors the proposed method of procedure to effect the
recommendations indicated in the preceding sentence and recom-mends
its adoption.
The Division prepared a plan for work to reduce damages expected
to be caused by future hurricanes and to relieve damages caused by
Hurricanes Hazel, Connie, Dianne, and lone, which was presented by
the Governor to North Carolina Members of Congress on February
28, 1956. The Division has cooperated with the Director of Hurricane
Rehabilitation, Office of the Governor, since assumption of his re-sponsibilities
on April 2, 1956. The Division assisted the Boards of
County Commissioners of 15 counties in Eastern North Carolina in
49
preparing applications to the Federal Civil Defense Administration
for funds to remove trees, debris, and other obstructions to streams
for the purpose of draining agricultural lands and eliminating mos-quitoes.
The Chief Engineer of the Division serves as Secretary to the North
Carolina Delegation to Annual Conventions of the National Rivers
and Harbors Congress, an organization which assists proponents of
navigation and flood control projects in obtaining authorizations, by
the Congress of the United States, of projects which have been in-vestigated
by the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, and in obtaining
appropriations for projects which hove been authorized for construc-tion.
He assisted the Director of the Department, a member of the
delegation, in guilding their activities at the annual conventions in
May 1955 and May 1956, and assisted members of the Delegation,
who were proponents of projects, in preparing, and presenting to the
Projects Committee of the National Rivers and Harbors Congress,
applications for classifications of the projects which would advance
their progress toward authorization. He also assisted the Regional
Director, South Atlantic Region, National Rivers and Harbors Con-gress,
in arranging for, and conducting, the First South Atlantic
Region Conference, held in the Hall of the House of Representatives
on February 10, 1956.
Appropriations for North Carolina navigation and flood control
projects during the 1954-1956 Biennium have been made as follows;
Construction in Fiscal Year 1955-1956
Clearing and snagging in New River between
Jacksonville and the Intracoastal Waterway $ 18,000
Enlarging channel from Back Sound to Lookout Bight 70,000
Enlarging width and depth of channel in Taylors Creek .... 83,000
Channel from Manteo-Oregon Inlet Channel in Roanoke
Sound to wharves in Mill Creek near Wanchese,
Roanoke Island 70,000
3.6 miles of dike and closure structures
in Pasquotank River 120,000
2 rubble-mound breakwaters for Rollison
Channel at Hatteras 138,000
Breakwater for channel in Smith Creek at Oriental,
Pamlico County 82,000
Channel, 10 feet deep, in Smith Creek and
basin same depth at Oriental 20,000
Provision of depth of 10 feet in Wallace Channel,
Pamlico Sound 63,000
Increasing channel depth in Cape Fear River to 34
feet between inner end of Ocean Bar Channel
and Castle Street at Wilmington 523,476
50
7 miles of dike on Eagle Island, Wilmington Harbor 75,000
Total $1,262,476
Construction in Fiscal Year 1956-1957
Increasing depth of channel from Pamlico Sound to about
200 feet below highway across Far Creek at Engelhard,
Hyde County, and of basin thereat $ 179,000
14-ft. channel from the ocean over the bar and through
Oregon Inlet and 1 2-ft. channel thence to that depth
in Pamlico Sound 570,000
Completion of providing depth of ocean-bar channel,
mouth of Cape Fear River, at 35 feet and of depth
of river channel to Wilmington Harbor at 34 feet 1,443.000
Total $2,192,000
Pursuant to resolution of the Committee on Water Resources, Inlets
and Coastal Waterways, adopted by the Board of Conservation and
Development on July 3, 1956, the Division is arranging for presenta-tions,
to be made to the Chief of Engineers and the Federal Bureau of
the Budget, of North Carolina navigation and flood control projects
desired to be included in the budget of the President of the United
States for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1958.
The Director of the Department, acting for the Governor, in ac-cordance
with provisions of Public Law 534, 78th Congress, and
Public Law 732, 79th Congress, concurred in proposed reports of
the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, recommending the
deepening of channels and basin in the Morehead City Harbor
Project from 30 to 35 feet and improvement of about 15.2 miles
of stream channels and canals in Pantego Creek and Cucklers Creek
for flood control and major drainage, and urged that these projects
be constructed at the earliest practicable date. They were included
in the Fiscal Year 1957 Public Works Authorizations Act, which
was vetoed by the President. It is understood that this action was
taken because, although most of the projects included in the act
are worth-while and eligible for authorization, a considerable num-ber
of them were approved by the Public Works Committees of
the Senate and House of Representatives toward the end of the
session after inadequate consideration, some of which lack conomic
justification. The presentations, indicated in the preceding para-graph,
will express the regret of the State that the two North Caro-lina
projects have not been authorized because of the veto and,
consquently, cannot be included in the Fiscal Year 1958 Budget,
and the hope that initiation of construction of them will not be de-layed
more than one year.
Several meetings of representatives of the State Stream Sanita-tion
Committee, the Wildlife Resources Commission, the Department
51
of Conservation and Development, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, and the Charleston District, Corps of Engineers were held
during the first half of the calendar year 1956 to consider the de-sign
of the flood-control reservoir which has been authorized for
construction at a site on the Yadkin River about 6 miles upstream
from Wilkesboro. As a result of information furnished by State
agencies, it is understood that the definite project report on this
reservoir, forwarded to the Chief of Engineers, Department of the
Army, about the middle of June 1956, provides for three pools as
follows:
(a) A conservation pool, elevation—1,000 feet above mean sea
level, surface area—about 880 acres, and capacity—11,000 acre-feet,
with provision for draining this permanent pool when neces-sary
in the interest of fish management.
(b) A flow-regulation pool in the interest of abatement of stream
pollution, top elevation—1,020 feet, surface area—about 1,325
acres, and capacity—22,000 acre feet.
(c) A flood-control pool, top elevation—1,070 feet, surface area
—
about 3,700 acres, and capacity—112,000 acre feet.
It is further understood that care has been taken in the proposed
design of the reservoir to insure that the top elevation of the flood-control
pool will not back water up into Caldwell County.
It was stated, at a meeting of the Seven-Cities Water Committee
in Winston-Salem on May 28, 1956, that the Committee is consider-ing
construction of a water-supply reservoir on the Yadkin River
about 13 miles west of Winston-Salem, the height of which will be
determined by the approved height of the Wilkesboro Reservoir.
The 1957 Fiscal Year Appropriation Act includes funds in the
amount of $25,000 to initiate the detailed design of the Wilkesboro
Reservoir.
ABATEMENT OF STREAM POLLUTION
The Chief Engineer of the Division serves as an ex-officio mem-ber
of the State Stream Sanitation Committee, which, during the
1954-56 Biennium, has taken the following actions:
(a) Effectuation of final adoption and assignment of classifica-tions
to the waters of the Yadkin, White Oak, and Chowan River
Basins;
(b) Completion of field and laboratory studies for, and preparation
of comprehensive reports on, the Roanoke and French Broad River
Basins;
(c) Completion of field and laboratory studies for the Cape Fear
River Basin;
(d) Substantial completion of field and laboratory studies for the
Neuse River Basin; and
52
(e) Initiation of field and laboratory studies for the Catawba
River Basin.
It is expected that the Committee will take the following actions
during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1957:
(a) Effectuation of final adoption and assignment of classifica-tion
to the waters of the Rcancke River Basin by the end of the
calendar year 1956:
(b) Publication of the comprehensive report on the French Broad
River Basin by the end of the calendar year 1956, and holding of
public hearings thereon during the spring of the calendar year 1957;
(c) Publication of the comprehensive report on the Cape Fear
River Basin by the end of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1957; and
(d) Completion of field and laboratory studies for the Neuse River
Basin during the fall of the calendar year 1956.
The Chief Engineer of the Division serves as a member of the
Steering Committee, Roanoke River Studies, organized on May 24,
1955 for the purpose of effecting a long-range solution of the prob-lems
involved in provision of adequate flows in the Roanoke River
at Weldon to conserve the striped bass during their annual migration
from Albemarle Sound to their spawning grounds and return, abate-ment
of stream pollution in the Roanoke River below the Roanoke
Rapids Reservoir, and provision of water supplies suitable for muni-cipalities,
industries, and agriculturists. Members of this committee
include representatives of the State Stream Sanitation Committee,
the Wildlife Resources Commission, the Department of Conserva-tion
and Development, the U. S. Public Health Service, the U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, the
Southeastern Power Administration, Halifax Paper Company, Vir-ginia
Electric and Power Company, the general public, sport fish-ermen,
and commercial fishermen.
The Chief Engineer of the Division also serves as a member of
the Committee's Subcommittee for Operations and Special Com-mittee
on Water Economics and as Chairman of the Committee's
Task Force III. The Executive Secretary, State Stream Sanitation
Committee, and the Chief, Fish Division, Wildlife Resources Com-mission,
serve as Chairman, Task Force I and Task Force II, re-sectively.
Task Force I is responsible for determination of the quantity, na-ture
and pattern of discharges of pulp-mill wastes and municipal
sewage, evaluation of the resultant effects of these discharges upon
water quality in the river, determination of the influence of im-poundment
and flow releases upon the physical and chemical quali-ties
of the water, and determination of the influence of impound-ment
and flow releases upon suitability of the water as a waste di-lutant
and vehicle.
53
Task Force II is responsible for conduct of bioossay studies on
striped bass, determination of the survival of eggs and fry under
experimental dilution of pulp-mill wastes, and evaluation of other
species as indicator fish suitable for use at other seasons.
Task Force III is responsible for locating spawning areas, de-termining
survival, following growth and migrations, making hydro-graphic
and productivity studies, and assessing populations and
the impact of fish harvest upon them.
It is expected that performance of the functions of the three task
forces will lead to recommendations of flows required to prevent
deterioration of water quality, the quality and quantity of water
necessary to protect the striped bass, and fishing regulations and
habitat improvements needed to conserve the fishery.
It is further expected that the Committee will complete their
studies by the end of the calendar year 1958.
The Committee held meetings on July 7, 1955, November 29,
1955, and May 23, 1956. At the meeting on July 7, 1955, the Com-mittee
approved plans for operations of the three task forces and
adopted a recommended schedule of minimum flow requirements
in the Roanoke River at Weldon during the interim period between
initiation of the studies of the Committee and action by the Con-gress
of the United States on recommendations contained in the
Committee's report on their studies.
At the meeting on November 29, 1955, the Committee approved
the composition and responsibilities of their subcommittee for Oper-ations,
Field Representative, and Task Forces; received reports of
progress of the task forces since the meeting on July 7, 1955; and
approved the detailed plans, presented by the chairmen of the task
forces, for future activities pertaining to Lower Roanoke River
Studies.
The Subcommittee for Operations, at a meeting on November 30,
1955, approved, for recommendation to the Steering Committee,
types of reports considered necessary to record the work of all parti-cipants
in the studies. The Subcommittee for Operations, at meet-ings
on January 10 and 1 1, 1956, reaffirmed the flow recommenda-tions
adopted by the Steering Committee on July 7, 1955 and adopted
the following recommendations;
(a) That proper steps be taken to minimize deviation from the
recommended schedule.
(b) That, during the interim period of the studies, temporary
measures be taken in order to provide the flows recommended by
the Steering Committee.
(c) That action be taken to accomplish the recommendations in
the Joint Resolution of the 1955 Session of the General Assembly
54
of North Carolina pertaining to flows required to meet the needs of
the striped bass and the necessity for maintaining acceptable water-quality
standards.
At the meeting on May 24, 1956, the Committee received re-ports
of activities of the task forces since the meeting on November
26, 1956; heard statements of flows provided during the 1956
striped-bass-spawning season; heard statements indicating that this
season was generally successful; received and discussed a proposal
from Virginia Electric and Power Company as a basis for licensing
the Gaston Reservoir Project, presently under consideration by the
Federal Power Commission; and organized a special committee to
consider, and make recommendations to the Committee concerning,
matters pertaining to the generation of hydroelectric power by use
of water in the lower Roanoke River. This special committee con-sists
of one representative each of the Norfolk District, Corps of
Engineers (Chairman), Southeastern Power Administration, Virginia
Electric and Power Company, Wildlife Resources Commission, State
Stream Sanitation Committee, Department of Conservation and De-velopment,
U. S. Public Health Service, and Halifax Paper Company.
The Subcommittee for Operations, at a meeting on May 24, 1955,
discussed in detail the proposal of Virginia Electric and Power Com-pany,
which was referred to the Special Committee on Water Econo-mics
for consideration and recommendations; and discussed matters
pertaining to the activities of the task forces during the remainder
of the calendar year 1956.
55
Department Personnel
ADMINISTRATION
Wm. P. Saunders Director
J. Edgar Kirk Assistant Director
Evelyn G. Yelverton Administrative Assistant
Mrs. John C. Bogiey Accounting Clerk
W. Ray Bishop Auditor and Personnel Officer
Willa M. Bolton Accounting Clerk
Herman Hinton Janitor Messenger
Betty B. Hodge Stock Clerk
Eula Lincoln Accounting Clerk
Wade H. Lucas Public Information Officer
Harold McCloin Duplicating Machine Operator
Frances J. Parrish Stenographer Clerk
Susan K. Robertson , Typist Clerk
Dorothy P, Starling Accounting Clerk
Patricio J. Thaxton Clerk
Stewart B. Tucker, Jr Duplicating Machine Operator
DIVISION OF STATE ADVERTISING
Charles J. Parker State Advertising Director
Sylvia L. Alford Typist Clerk
A. Evelyn Covington Administrative Assistant
Helen B. Dowdy Stenographer Clerk
Mildred D. Fowler Typist Clerk
William E. Gulley Public Information Officer
Norma B. Moore Typist Clerk
Miriam G. Rabb Public Information Officer
Jean C. Richardson Stenographer Clerk
Mildred B. Turner Typist Clerk
DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
C. G. Holland Fisheries Commissioner
T. A. Bosnight Patrol Boot Captain
Walter E. Cullipher Patrol Boat Crewman
Tilton Davis Patrol Boat Captain
Lyeurgus C. Dickinson .....Patrol Boat Engineer
Charles C. Edwards Patrol Boat Crewman
Nolie G. Fulcher Inspector
Samuel A. Gerock Inspector
Glen L. Harris Inspector
Cage W. Hayman Patrol Boat Captain
F. E. Hopkins Law Enforcement Supervisor
Ralph L. Jones Inspector
Arvin L. Lewis Patrol Boat Crewman
Rosabell Longest Stenographer Clerk
Wiley T. Mason Patrol Boat Captain
Alton A. McLowhon Inspector
Willis G. Mobley Law Enforcement Supervisor
Cecil W. Phelps Building Custodian
T. M. Poperville Inspector
56
Daniel E. Sadler > Patrol Boat Engineer
Herbert Salter Patrol Boat Captain
Roma G. Salter Inspector
C. L. Sawyer Patrol Boat Captain
Joseph L. Simmons, Jr Inspector
Silas V. Sneeden Inspector
WaIter H . Stowe I nspector
Frank Taylor Inspector
Leon K. Thomas Law Enforcement Supervisor
John W. Ward Patrol Boat Crewman
Larry E. Warrington Inspector
Norman R. Webb Accounting Clerk
Carl P. White Inspector
Ruth R. Walker Stenographer Clerk
R. Clifton Wilson Inspector
David 0. Williams Patrol Boat Crewman
William R. Willis Patrol Boat Engineer
U. G. Wise Inspector
DIVISION OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY
Alfred H. Grant Industrial Devel. Administrator
Gerald F. Albright .. Industrial Devel. Representative
Alice E. Alderman Stenographer Clerk
Patricia T. Allen Stenographer Clerk
Cecil E. Bell Instrial Devel. Representative
Bertrum L. Branson, Jr Research Analyst
Audrey E. Brown Stenographer Clerk
William C. Guthrie industrial Devel. Representative
Walter W. Harper Industrial Devel. Representative
Edward E. Huffman Industrial Devel. Representative
Anne L. Johnson Stenographer Clerk
C. D. Kirkpatrick Industrial Devel. Representative
Gladys B. Merritt Stenographer Clerk
Edna I. Mewborn Stenographer Clerk
Elena G. Pope Stenographer Clerk
Herbert N. Robertson industrial Devel. Representative
Lois C. Sandlin Stenographer Clerk
DIVISION OF FORESTRY PERSONNEL
CENTRAL OFFICE:
F. H. Cloridge State Forester
P. W. Tillman Assistant State Forester in Charge of Fire Control
P. A. Griffiths Assistant State Forester in Charge of Nurseries & Management
Joyce Basden Stenographer Clerk
M. M. Carstarphen Forest Law Enforcement Officer
W. J. Clork Forester
O. C. Goodwi n Forester
Keith L. Gordon Radio Technician
H . J . Green Forester
Lyell E. Hicks Forester
James B. Hubbard Forester
Joyce E. Johnson Stenographer Clerk
William L. Johnson Carpenter Foreman
Annie L. Jones Stenographer Clerk
57
Grace W. Prevost Accounting Clerk
Mildred G. Sadler Accounting Clerk
Bernard E. Sonford Radio Communication Engineer
Betsy H. Shearin Accounting Clerk
H. L. Terry Forester
Barbara J. Thomas Stenographer Clerk
Nancy W. Tilley Accounting Clerk
Carrie Lee Walters Accounting Clerk
Ralph C. Winkworh Forester
Mabel D. Young Stenographer Clerk
FIELD PERSONNEL—COUNTIES:
Guy W. Alexander Forest Ranger
Laster T. Baker Forest Ranger
Harvey C. Barron Forest Protection Towerman
B. Frank Batten Forest Ranger
Thurmon W. Bonnsr Forest Ranger
Henry C. Bottoms Forest Ranger
Frank H. Bryant Forest Ranger
J. Fred Bryson Forest Ranger
Edward R. Buckner Forester
Jodie J. Burgess Forest Protection Towerman
J. Ellis Byrd Forest Ranger
R. E. Caldwell Forest Ranger
Robert G. Carney Forester
James M. Costelloe Forest Fire Equipment Operator
James V. Costeen Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Roy H. Chambers Forest Ranger
James M. Chandler Forest Ranger
Adolphus B. Clark Forest Ranger
Joseph F. Clayton Forester
Simon B. Conley Forest Ranger
D. C. Critcher Forest Ranger
R. E. Cromer Forest Ranger
Robert B. Culbreth Forest Protection Towerman
R. C. Daniel Forest Ranger
S. F. Darden Forest Ranger
R. L. Davenport Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Wilbur F. Davis Forest Ranger
Dover J. Dean Forest Ranger
Raymond E. Denton Forest Ranger
Donald D. Dewey Forester
Lester L. Edwards ^ Forest Ranger
John C. English Forest Ranger
Charles Evans Forest Ranger
Archie C. Farrell Forest Ranger
W. B. Planner, Jr Forest Ranger
Edmund M. Foreman Forest Ranger
Arlie R. Foster Forest Ranger
Rober F. Freemon Forest Ranger
Homer H. Greshman Forester
58
Graham C. Harris Forest Ranger
Harold E. Hatchett Forest Ranger
Herbert E. Hathawoy, Jr Forest Ranger
Granville L. Hawkins Forest Ranger
Clifton Heath Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Frank T. Hemilright Forest Ranger
Robert B. Hendrix Forest Fire Equipment Operator
W. E. Herring Forest Ranger
J. C. Horton Forest Ranger
T, E. House Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Macon O. Howard Forest Fire Equipment Operotor
John L. Ives Forest Ranger
O. D. Jenkins Forest Ranger
Joe F. Johnson Forest Ranger
Jordan W. Johnson Forest Ranger
Kenneth D. Johnson Forest Ranger
John R. Jordan Forest Ranger
William H. King Forest Ranger
Robert H. Kinsey Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Jimmie E. Kirby Forest Fire Equipment Operator
William G. Lackey Forest Ranger
Marion B. Lane Forest Ranger
Joseph E. Lanier Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Harry L. Langston, Jr Forest Ranger
M. H. Leggett Forest Ranger
Guy M. Long Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Wesley H. Long Forest Fire Equipment Operator
William T. Lowrimore Forest Ranger
Monroe U. Marlowe Forest Ranger
D. L. Mercer Forest Ranger
James Milligan Forest Protection Towermon
W. Colvin Morris Forest Ranger
Kelly Morton Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Charles G. Motteler Forest Fire Equipment Operator
C. F. McBryde Forest Ranger
V. E. McCrimmon Forest Protection Towermon
W. G. McCrimmon Forest Fire Equipment Operator
B. E. McDaniel Forest Ranger
J. B. McDowell Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Edwin H

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THE LIBRARY OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF
NORTH CAROLINA
THE COLLECTION OF
NORTH CAROLINIANA
C550
N87r
1954-/56
UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL
00033966192
This book must not
be taken from the
Library building.
1
-\
No^ Ommmi
ONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2011 with funding from
Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access (NC-LSTA)
http://www.archive.org/details/biennialcoserv19541956
. f
To His Excellency
The Honorable Luther H. Hodges
Governor of North Carolina
In compliance with the Statutes of North Car-olina,
I am transmitting herewith the report of the
Department of Conservation and Development for
the biennium ending June 30, 1956.
Respectfully,
WILLIAM P. SAUNDERS,
Director
lh\s report is printed on paper
manufactured in North Caro-lina
by the Champion Paper
& Fibre Co., Canton. Cover is
80 lb Kromkote. Inside stock
70 lb. Falcon enamel.
BOARD OF CONSERVATION
& DEVELOPMENT
Governor Luther H. Hodges, Chairmen
Miles J. Smith, Salisbury Walter J. Damtoft, Asheville
1st Vice Chairman 2nd Vice Chairman
Charles S. Allen, Durham Charles H. Jenkins, Ahoskie
W. B. Austin, Jefferson Amos R. Kearns, High Point
H. C. Buchan, Jr., N. Wilkesboro Cecil Morris, Atlantic
F. J. Boling, Siler City Hugh M. Morton, Wilmington
Scroop W. Enloe, Jr., Spruce Pine W. Eugene Simmons, Tarboro
Robt. M. Hones, Winston-Salem T. Max Watson, Spindale
Leo H. Harvey, Kinston
DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION
& DEVELOPMENT
W. p. Saunders, Director J. Edgar Kirk, Ass't. Director
Evelyne Yelverton, Administrative Ass't.
DIVISIONS AND DIVISION HEADS
Advertising Charles J. Parker
Commerce & Industry A. H. Grant
Commercial Fisheries C. G. Holland
Forestry F. H. Claridge
Mineral Resources Jasper L. Stuckey
State Parks Thomas W. Morse
Water Resources, Inlets & Coastal Waterways B. C. Snow
Auditor W. Ray Bishop
CONTENTS
The Board & Divisions 2
Foreword 4
Advertising 6
Commerce and Industry 8
Commercial Fisheries 14
Forestry 19
Mineral Resources 27
State Parks 33
Water Resources, Inlets and Coastal Waterways 45
Department Personnel 56
The Budgets 64
Foreword
The mission of the Department of Conservation and Development
is to conserve and develop the natural resources of North Carolina
for the common good of all her people.
This report is an account of the department's stewardship for the
biennium ending June 30, 1956.
In the interest of readability, much detail has been omitted.
Those persons wishing more information about specific phases of
the department's program, need only to contact the Department
or the Division directly concerned.
GOVERNOR
BOARD OF CONSERVATION fc DEVELOPMENT
COMMERCE k INDUSTRY FORESTRY
DIRECTOR
New Industries
Industrial Expansion & Forest Fire Control
Improvement 1
Forest Management
Industrial Surveys Forest Nurseries
Site Studies ASSISTANT DIRECTOR Reforestation
Industrial Building State Forests '
1
Inventories Education
Statistics fc Industrial Law Enforcement
Analyses Insect b Disease
Small Industries
1
ADMINISTRATION
1
Supervision Audit & Accounting
STATE ADVERTISING Personnel Special Pi-ojects
Purchasing Mail & Multilith
Budgeting Public Information
Coordination of activities of all
STATE PARKS
Travel News h divisions in cooperating with other Operation for Public
Features state, federal, municipal, indus- Use
Photographs trial and other private enterprises Maintenance
Television in conservation and development of Interpretative b Public
Radio natural resources. Use Programs
Motion Pictures Protection & Law En-
Booklets, Pamphlets forcement
Display Advertising
Tourist Information
Business Management
Information and
Service Education
Travel Statistics Personnel Administra-
Display Material tion
Convention Services Planning, Construction
Homeseeker fc Re- t Development
tirement Services Cooperation with other
Agenci
1
1
'
WATER RESOURCES
INLETS &
MINERAL RESOURCES COASTAL WATERWAYS COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
Mineral Studies Stream Gaging Supervision of Fisheries
Geologic Mapping Water Analysis Law Enforcement
Identification Stream Pollution h Statistics
Laboratory Analysis Beach Erosion Marine Research
Mineral Fuels Control Surveys
Ground Water Plood Control Shellfish Culture t
Topographic Mapping Inlet 8, Waterway
Projects
Sanitation
Irrigation Permits
Advertising
New approaches to presenting North Carolina to the world as a
fine and progressive place to live, work and play were developed
during the biennium by the State Advertising Division.
As competition from other states and abroad grew more intense,
costs of everything in advertising and informational services increas-ed.
North Carolina's own rapid growth and multiplying attractions
cut out a constantly more complex and expensive pattern of pub-licizing
the State. Procedures were revised accordingly.
A major change was the transfer on July 1, 1955, of the Tourist
Bureau, including home-seeker and retirement information services,
from the Division of Commerce & Industry to the Advertising Di\ 'sion.
Another significant change included concentration of photographic
operations in a separate section with responsibility for production of
all types of pictures—motion and still, color and black & white, TV
and graphic displays. Progress was also made in utilization of photo-graphic
services of regional organizations and private photographers.
New patterns were devised for travel promotion to maintain North
Carolina's leadership in that field.
A new look was developed for publications.
The display advertising approach was overhauled drastically, and
a beginning made toward heavier impact advertising through use of
color and larger space.
The five bulletins produced by the Division increased their stature
as bulwarks of tourist promotion and development. The "State Ad-vertising
Bulletin", going not only to editors but to chambers of com-merce
and tourist facilities of all kinds, is the only publication touch-ing
upon all aspects of State promotion on a state-wide basis. "North
Carolina Travel Notes" is the only comprehensive guide to current
tourist attractions for editors, travel counselors, and tourists in the
U. S. and abroad. The two "Coming Events" bulletins, one compre-hensive,
the other a digest, ore the only listings of crowd-gathering
events compiled on a state-wide basis. The "Property Wanted" bul-letin
is indispensable to supporting advertising depicting North Caro-lina
as a place to live—actively and in retirement.
During the biennium 1,354,619 copies of promotional and infor-mational
bulletins were produced. Photographic files were increased
to over 55,000 negatives. More than 2,000 showings of Noi-*"h Caro-lina
movies were made. Dozens of staff writers, photograph ers and
travel counselors were escorted over the State. Nearly 3,U00 in-formational
outlets throughout the world were opened to North
Carolina promotional literature.
Fitting these improved procedures into on efficient, closely-knit
organization carrying out the functions assigned by G.S. 113-15, as
amended in 1953, involved organization of the Advertising Division
into four coordinated sections. These are; Advertising & Publications
Section, Tourist Inquiry Section, Photographic Section, and the Travel
News Section.
Requirements of State promotion other than display advertising
increased sharply during the biennium. This was reflected strikingly
in publications and special project enterprises. Experience indicated
that provision should be made in future advertising contracts for
broader participation by the contractor and use of funds appropriated
for direct advertising over a much wider promotional front than for
display advertising alone.
Details of operations of the four sections of the Advertising Divi-sion
are always available in permanent files.
Commerce and Industry
The accelerated industrial development program for North Caro-lina
was begun a little over three years ago. It is probable that a
similar period of time will have elapsed before positive evaluation
of all phases of the program and measurements of their general
effectiveness can be made.
The statistical data on new plants, capital invested, added in-dustrial
workers and wages will represent only a part of the advances
to date under this stepped-up effort. Additional time will ba required
before appreciable results in terms of economic gains can je realized
from such new development aids as the Business Development Cor-poration
of North Carolina, the Governor's Small Industries Plan, The
Research Triangle, and the contemplated improvement of the State's
Vocational Trade and Technical Education program.
The following tabulations show developments during the past two
years and comparisons with the previous Biennial Report.
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
New Capital Invested New Employees New Payroll
1954-56 280 ' $106,277,000 18,553 $50,756,600
1952-54 340 $101,000,000 26,000 $66,000,000
Expansions
1954-56 380 $133,107,500 15,982 $41,055,900
1952-54 173 $ 68,000,000 9,000 $23,000,000
New and Expansions
1954-56 660 $239,384,500 34,535 $91,812,500
1952-54 513 $169,000,000 35,000 $89,000,000
The 280 new plants for 1954-56 were dispersed in some 130 cities
and communities throughout the State. The Piedmont Region ob-tained
60 /r of the total new plants, the Coastal Plain counties 30'!V,
and the Mountain Area 10"^^ .
Some of the outstanding firms represented in new industries gain-ed,
included two General Electric Company units and new facilities
by International Paper, Ronson, Douglas Aircraft, Kearfott, and
Borden Company.
The number of plant expansions and total capital invested in these
additions for the Biennium represent the highest recorded since the
Division started compiling general total industrial development figures
for the State.
Of special significance is the fact that while textile operations
led all others in the number of new plants (67), the manufacture of
electrical machinery and equipment led in the amount of capital
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invested, new employees, and in added payroll. The two industrial
classifications for the Bienniunn may be compared as follows:
Electrical Machinery and
Textiles Equipment
Number New Plants 67 8
Capital Invested $15,807,000 $44,828,000
New Employees 3,817 4,133
New Payroll $ 9,600,200 $14,000,000
The above breakdown dees not include apparel manufacture under
textiles. To include apparel would boost textiles by 27 plants, 3,956
new employees, $3,859,000 capital investment, and $8,606,000 new
payroll.
Noteworthy gains were also made in the following: 27 new
operations in furniture and fixtures, representing an investment of
$3,647,000; 16 chemical and allied product plants, with on invest-ment
of $5,138,000; 18 factories making fabricated metal products,
with an investment of $2,320,000; 17 machinery plants, with an in-vestment
of $3,000,000; and 24 food and kindred operations, with
an investment of $3,769,000.
In addition to the above new industries and expansions, utility
companies, including power, gas and telephone, invested over $205
million in North Carolina expansions during this Biennium.
FIELD ACTIVITIES
Early in the Biennium two moves were initiated to increase the
effectiveness of field work. Specific territories, both inside and out-side
the State, were assigned the Field Engineers. As applied this has
not restricted personnel, whenever demands require their services,
from working in all territories. It has, however, helped to expedite
field work generally because assigned representatives have become
familiar through visits from time to time with company officials in
out-of-state territories, with Chamber of Commerce personnel and
industrial development committees at the local level in North Caro-lina.
During this period the Division, through the above arrangement,
made its first consistent solicitation of prospects in the North Central
and upper Mid-Western states—Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Min-neapolis,
St. Paul, Cincinnati, Erie, Syracuse, Buffalo and other cities
were placed on regular call for the first time. Results of these solicita-tions
have been satisfactory and it is contemplated that additional
visits will be made to these cities.
After heavy mail circularization and directed national advertising,
a number of special promotional projects were undertaken by the
Field Force during the Biennium. These included emphasis on elec-tronics
and electrical machinery and equipment, woolen and worsted
manufacture, textile dyeing and finishing, machinery and metal parts
manufacture, paper and paper products, and chemicals.
RESEARCH AND STATISTICS
Near the close of the Biennium an effort was begun to improve
and enlarge the services of this activity in the Division. While current
needs for data, surveys, reports, etc., still constitute the major work,
some beginnings have already been made ti //ards an improved system
of collecting, cataloguing, and presenting reoource data and statistics
for use by the Field Force. Added emphasis is being placed on usable
plant sites and potential industrial areas throughout the State.
Under the direction of Paul Kelly, now on leave of absence, an
outstanding study was prepared on the Cotton Textile Tariff, especial-ly
as new revisions of the Tariff Act relate to a possible influx of
cheap Japanese cotton goods. This study has been widely distributed
in this and other states.
A second study has just been completed and copies given to the
Industrial Committee of the Board. This report covers various forms of
inducements offered new industries in some 20 odd states, including
several of our chief competitors for industry.
The Division has experienced an unusually heavy demand in the
past several years for comparatively large amounts of process water —both ground and surface—and for locations to accommodate dis-posal
of industrial wastes. The pulp and paper industry is presently
in a period of large-scale expansion.
The problem of obtaining sufficient water supplies for "wet" in-dustries
is serious in some areas of the State. However, waste dis-posal
has become critical in virtually all sections, not only for the
pulp and paper industry, but also for textile dyeing and finishing,
certain chemical industry processes, and for metalworking where
plating is required.
COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES
During the Biennium an additional number of communities or-ganized
local development groups to pre mote industries for their
areas. This was particularly noticeable in the Eastern counties, as
business leaders there sought new income sources to bolster feared
losses from diminished agricultural operations.
The Division was called upon for advice and assistance in connec-tion
with these new organizations, in addition to attending numerous
meetings with established groups. Just prior to the close of 1955, the
Division called for a general meeting in Raleigh of all persons in-terested
in industrial promotion from all parts of the State. Some
300 persons attended this meeting at which the full work of the
Division was explained. The general feeling after this meeting was
that other similar conferences should be held, at which time specific
10
problems and procedures might be discussed with members of the
Division.
The trend toward obtaining trained personnel to direct local de-velopment
programs continued in the larger cities and towns as
Greensboro, Monroe, Wilmington, Goldsboro, Kinston, Farmville,
Lumberton, and others began such programs during the past several
years.
SMALL INDUSTRIES
At the time the lost biennial report was issued, the Home Industries
Section was without any personnel and there was some question as
to its future. Up to that time most of its efforts had been spent in
promoting what was known as "Rural Industries."
While the disposition of the Section was under consideration,
G. F. Albright, a Development Engineer in the Commerce and In-dustry
Divisicn, approached the Chief Development Engineer as the
champion of Home Industries—industries organized and established
by local communities with local capital and local management. He
took the position that a Home Industry Section, efficiently and ag-gressively
operated, had a tremendous potential to provide the follow-ing
advantages:
1. Increased industrial payrolls.
2. Additional use of the State's raw materials and natural re-sources.
3. Local uses for investment capital.
4. Retention of industry profits within the State.
5. Development of native management and technical skills.
6. Recapture of native management and technical skills now lost
to other states.
7. Stabilization of future economy of the State.
After several conferences between the Chief Development Engi-neer
and the Director, Mr. Albright was put in charge of the Home
Industries Section, effective September 1, 1954.
His first efforts were exerted in searching out the potential market
in North Carolina to determine what products were most needed by
the industries that already operate in the State. He sent letters to a
thousand manufacturers in the State asking them to advise the Sec-tion
what raw materials, supplemental parts, and operating supplies
they purchased from outside the State which they believed could be
economically produced in the State. Their general comments on our
program were invited. As replies came in the results were tabulated.
These replies listed several hundred products.
A little later a letter was sent to all Chamber of Commerce execu-tives
in North Carolina telling them something of the Section's
program and to which was attached a form for listing the manu-facturing
facilities in their respective communities.
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The Public Information Officer was kept informed of the activities
and purposes of the Section and every possible effort was made to let
the people know of the services available in the Home Industries Sec-tion.
The Head of the Section accepted invitations from all sections of
the State to speak to civic clubs and industrial development groups
about the work of the Section. Soon inquiries were pouring in from
communities wanting to know how they could start a Home Industry.
Early in 1955 the name of the Section was changed to Small In-dustries
Section and a little later the Governor's Small Industries
Plan was started in operation. From that point the work of the Section
and of the Governor's Small Industries Plan have complemented and
supplemented each other. The publicity which attended the launch-ing
of the Governor's Small Industries Plan stimulated interest in
the promotion of community industries to the extent that so many
inquiries came frcm so many communities that it was physically im-possible
to personally appear in all of them to explain the procedure
for establishing a Small Industry.
In July 1955, the Section prepared a multilithed "Guide for Com-munity
Development of Small Industries" which set forth the same
things that had been told to industrial development groups in per-sonal
appearances. The Guide proved its worth when several com-munities
using it, organized and started small industries without
personal guidance from the Section.
Early in 1956 the Governor's Small Industries Plan published "An
Approach to Community Development of Small Industries" which set
forth more elaborately and in more detail about the same information
that the Guide contained. The Section collaborated in preparation
of the "Approach."
The variety of inquiries received by the Section and the variety of
services rendered by it are so large that no list can be submitted that
would include all of them. The inquiries ange from those from per-sons
with strange and unusual patents who have for years been
searching for an "angel" to finance the making and marketing of
their product to those from communities with nothing but a desire
for an industry.
The Section receives many inquiries from outside the State from
persons and firms who have a product and a market and want to be
put in touch with a firm in North Carolina who con manufacture
the product for them. The Section has been able to do this in numer-ous
cases thereby adding to North Carolina production and employ-ment.
The Section also assists and advises as to methods and sources of
financing for new, small industries or for the expansion of existing
operations. The Section frequently acts as a liaison between the new
industry and its lending agency.
12
The Small Industries Section constantly adds to its library of infor-mation
on building and equipment prices, market surveys, cost data,
investment and personnel requirements, etc. to be used by prospec-tive
new small industries in the State.
The Section has in several cases been instrumental in putting new
industry in touch with needed management and technical personnel
to run their business. The Section is being contacted more and more
by ambitious young men who are looking to improve their position
and who want managerial and executive positions.
Reactivation of the Small Industries Secticn has been amply justi-fied
by concrete results. Since its reactivation September 1, 1954,
there have been 41 new small industries started in operation in the
State either through the personal guidance of Section personnel or
through use of the Guide published by the Section. It is interesting
to note that the first plants established required that the personnel
of the Section lead the promoters through each step until the plant
was operating. After the Guide was issued, several of the small in-dustries
were organized and started operation with almost no personal
guidance from the Section.
These 41 industries that have been started in the past 22 months
cover a wide variety of diversified products such as molded plastic
items, wall plaster, processed and canned foods, tobacco curers,
aluminum and zinc die castings, portable decorative fountains, auto
parts, garage equipment, industrial gears, machine parts, childrens'
apparel, toys, radiant heating pads, men's leather work shoes, char-coal,
steel doors and frames, chemicals, plastic bags, plastic clothes
pins, aluminum windows and screens, cotton fabrics, wood preserving,
kitchen cabinets, plywood, telephone cross arm pins, window clean-er,
paper products and dehydrated alfalfa meal.
These plants are dispersed from the Atlantic coast to as far west as
Bakersville and Asheville in the western North Carolina mountains.
Ten of them are in the Eastern part of the State.
The Section at present has about fifty prospects in various phases
of development. Some of them may never reach the operational stage
and some of them may establish plants in the very near future.
13
Commercial Fisheries
Commercial fishing has for the first time come in for its share
of attention from the session of Congress just recently closed. For the
past two years import duties on seafood products up to three million
dollars have turned over to t'r.e Fish and Wildlife Service for Fisheries
Research and seafood market development.
The Payne Fisheries Education bill has been given favorable con-sideration.
This bill is a long range program to educate young people
desiring to make a career of the fishing industry. Also, the Magnuson-
McCormack bill intended to elevate commercial fisheries within the
Department of the Interior. The Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956
authorized the making of loans at three per cent interest to mature
in not more than ten years for "financing and refinancing of opera-tions,
maintenance, replacement, repairs, and equipment of fishing
gear and vessels and for research into the basic problem of fisheries."
The fishing people owe to our able Congressman, Herbert Bonner, a
vote of thanks for his great interest in our fisheries, both on a na-tional
and a local level.
The interest in coastal North Carolina of Governor Luther Hodges
and the Board of Conservation and Development, directed by William
P. Saunders, has done much to focus State and National attention
on our problems.
One of the major concerns of this Division is the increasing num-ber
of pleasure boats using our commercial fishing waters with no
supervision except where we have limited Coast Guard service.
INCREASE IN BOATS
Due to the change in our tax law and strict enforcement, sport
fishermen using commercial fishing equipment have registered with
our Department by proper license on their boats. This has increased
our licensed boats to appro.ximately 4,000 during 1956. This is an
increase of 1,200 over 1955. Also, many new shrimp trawlers have
been added to our fleet.
The Fisheries Commissioner believes there is cause to be optimistic.
Under the 1956 budget set-up, we have the personnel and the physi-cal
equipment in the way of boats, etc., to render the State and public
a real service. A more complete patrol of our waters can be main-tained
and better supervision over our public oyster grounds can be
made. This biennium our boats planted hundreds of thousands of
bushels of oysters and shells, all of which, it is true, was financed
by the Shellfish Division except for $9,863 but the supervision of
the work was done by the Division of Commercial Fisheries and the
actual planting was done by its personnel and boats. We are hopeful
14
that the 1957 Legislature will enable us to do much more of this kind
of work to build up the oyster industry of the State than we have been
able to do in the past. Except for a barge, we have all the physical
equipment necessary to expand this work very greatly.
FISHERIES' RESEARCH
It would not be fair to close this report without mentioning the
valuable service of the University of North Carolina, Institute of
Fisheries Research, directed by Dr. A. F. Chestnut. He has recom-mended
a program for rehabilitating our natural oyster grounds
which should revolutionize the oyster industry in our State. This pro-gram
in North Carolina is well behind those of our neighboring
states. The Institute, working in close harmony with the Department,
is rendering a needed service to the fisheries of North Carolina.
Attachd is a table of statistics which give the production of finfish
and shellfish by species during this period. Except for oysters, the
statistics reflect a healthy condition. Also, attached is a sanitation
report on shellfish sanitation.
SHELLFISH SANITATION REPORT
Mr. C. G. Holland
Fisheries Commissioner
North Carolina Department of
Conservation and Development
Morehead City, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Holland:
I have the pleasure of submitting a brief report of the activities
and observations of the office of Shellfish Sanitation of the North
Carolina State Board of Health during the biennium ending June 30,
1956.
This was a biennium for destructive hurricanes along the North
Carolina coast. Great damage was done to the shellfish industry.
Fourteen plants were destroyed and thirty-four were damaged with
losses estimated at $120,000.00. However, technical assistance has
been given to eleven new plants built at an estimated cost of
$213,000.00. Our policy of assisting dealers toward full compliance
with shellfish sanitation standards has minimized revocation of cer-tificates.
The yearly average of certificates of inspection issued to approved
shellfish dealers were: Crustacea meat, 18; shucking plants, 52; and,
shellstock dealers, 87. The two district sanitarians assigned to the
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shellfish sanitation program made 1,775 inspections of these plants.
Collected and examined in the shellfish bacteriological laboratory
were 150 shellfish samples and 868 water samples. Plans were pre-pared
and furnished gratis for new shellfish plants.
The oyster shucking plants have been unable to obtain a supply
of legal size oysters sufficient to provide continuous operation. This
was due to both a scarcity of oysters and a reduction of harvester
effort. The inability of dealers to fill orders promptly and consistently
has long retarded economic progress in the shellfish industry.
There has been a marked increase in the production of cooked
crab meat in spite of the difficulty of full compliance with the ques-tionable
bacteriological standards of northern markets. Meetings
have been held with the National Fisheries Institute, Inc. and with
control agencies of producing and receiving states in attempts to
unify crab meat standards. Most plants are well constructed and
equipped but if this industry is to survive and prosper new techniques
of production and marketing must be developed.
Sanitary and bacteriological surveys of four shellfish growing areas
were completed during the biennium and findings reported to the
Division of Commercial Fisheries. Further surveys are in progress.
Each year dangerous pollution has reduced the acres of clean waters
for shellfish harvesters and has made necessary the increased ex-pense
of posting and constant patrolling of closed areas.
In 1955 North Carolina's shellfish sanitation program was eval-uated
by the United States Public Health Service and received a
rating of 96.1 %. With few exceptions the co-operation of our plant
operators has again been excellent.
In concluding this brief report, I wish to express my appreciation
for the co-operation and assistance you and your staff have extended
me and my co-workers in the performance of our duties.
' Respectfully submitted,
N. McKeithen Caldwell
Shellfish Sanitarian
N. C. State Board of Health
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KIND, QUANTITY AND VALUE OF FISH TAKEN IN
WATERS OF NORTH CAROLINA
For the period July 1, 1954 to June 30, 1956
Kinds of Fish Price per Pound No. of Pounds Value to Fishermen
Herring 1 cent
Blue Fish 12
Bow Fin 6
Butters 10
Carp 3
Catfish 8 -
Croakers 6
Black Drum 6
Red Drum 10
Eels (Common) 5
Flounders 12
Star Butters 8
Hickory Shad 6
King Mackerel 20
Sea Mullet 7
Mullet 10
Hog Fish 3
Pike 13
Pompano 30
Porgy or Bream 7
Sea Bass 1 1
Shad 25
Sheephead 8
Snapper (Red) 20
Spanish Mackerel 15
Spot 10
Striped Bass 15
Sturgeon 20
Suckers 7
Sunfish 3
Swell Fish 3
Trout (Gray) 10
Trout (Spotted) 30
White Perch 8
Yellow Perch 7
Total of Food Fin Fish
Menhaden (No. of Fish)
25,062 932
753 271
9 039
104 295
797 256
2,056 331
5,030 025
58 858
324 386
167 880
2,268 755
1,055 800
508 912
13 992
3,266 364
3,654 571
588 511
1 400
7 693
113 631
101 230
1,404 964
22 212
41 954
516 567
3,578 614
1,516 717
20 611
825
2 500
436 768
3,539 124
869 424
2,339 858
91 092
60,326, 862
482,148, 569
$ 250,629
90,393
542
10,430
23,918
164,506
301,802
3,531
32,438
8,394
272,251
84,464
30,535
2,798
228,680
365,457
17,655
182
2,308
7,954
11,135
351,241
1,777
8,391
77,485
357,861
227,508
4,122
58
75
13,103
353,912
260,827
187,189
6,376
$3,759,927
4,045,821
$7,805,748
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Shellfish
Oysters 244,381 (Bu. tubs) 5 pk $ 672,048
Clams 22,092 (bushels) 59,648
Soft Shell Crabs .. 20,062 (dozen) 30,093
Escallops 18,766 (gallons) 75,064
Hard Crabs 14,713,680 (pounds) 441,410
Shrimp 10,530,881 (pounds heods off) .... 4,212,352
Total Value of Shellfish $5,490,615
Value of Fin Fish $ 7,805,748
Value of Shellfish 5,490,615
Total Value of Water Products $13,296,363
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Forestry
The Forestry Division, often called the State Forest Service is
designated by State law to "have charge of the work of forest main-tenance,
forest fire prevention, reforestation, and the protection of
lands and water supplies by the preservation of forests, etc." The
State law also carries specific authorization "to arrange for and
accept such aid and cooperation from the several United States
Government Bureaus and other source as may assist in carrying out
the objectives of the Department." This forestry program covers the
following broad activities:
1. Forest Fire Control—Administered by the Forestry Division in
financial cooperation with the several counties and the U. S. Forest
Service. Currently, 88 of the 100 counties are thus under cooperative
fire protection by the State. The Division conducts the work in the
counties through its salaried full-time County Ranger or County
Forester, who reports directly to one of 12 District Foresters. The
Division owns and operates 129 forest fire lookout towers, two air-planes,
its own radio communication net, and a considerable amount
of forest fire fighting equipment, consisting of tractors, fire plows,
specially equipped trucks, etc.
2. Forest Management Advice and Service—The Division has a cur-rently
authorized strength of 56 trained Foresters. Some are assigned
largely to the fire control program, some to the forest nurseries-reforestation
and some to forest management service. But all foresters
of the Division are available for the vital work of advice and service,
under certain conditions, to forest owners and operators in the man-agement
of forest land. All Forest Rangers of the Division are like-wise
available as sources of information on both forest management
and reforestation.
3. Forest Tree Nurseries and Reforestation—The Division operates
four State forest tree nurseries, one in Johnston County, one in Hen-derson
County, one in Wayne County, and one in Burke County. The
new Burke County nursery on the outskirts of the City of Morganton
is under a long-time lease from the Duke Power Company. This
nursery should be in production for certain species in 1957.
The forest tree distribution for the 1955-56 planting season was
36 million seedlings. These seedlings are sold for forest and wind-break
planting at varying prices, $4.00 per thousand f.o.b. destination
for the several species of pine.
4. Information and Education—There is available considerable
literature on forestry, most of which is free upon request to the In-
19
formation Office of the Deportment. This literature is particularly
valuable to teachers, pupils, etc.
5. Administration of Stote Forests—Thus far, the State owns and
operates only one State Forest, the 36,000 acre Bladen Lakes State
Forest in Bladen County. It is administered by the Division and is an
excellent example of the management of low value land under good
forestry practices.
6. Forest Tree Insect and Disease Control—This branch of the
Division is actively engaged in the control of forest tree insects and
diseases. Outbreaks of southern pine beetle in western North Carolina
and the oak wilt disease in North Carolina are being controlled by
crews working under the supervision of the pest control forester of
the Division.
GENERAL
In the spring of 1955 occurred one of the most disastrous fire
seasons in the memory of living inhabitants in eastern North Caro-lina.
A prolonged dry spell with high winds mode the forest areas
tinder dry. In many instances the swamps and boys were so dry that
fires burned in the ground for long periods and were most difficult
to control. The largest fire started near Lake Phelps in an inaccessi-ble
area and burned 175,000 acres before it was controlled. Con-siderable
credit is due the splendid cooperation during this entire
period by industry. Army, Navy, Coast Guard, Marines, and National
Guard for use of men and equipment on several of the large fires.
As a result of the serious losses of forest resources by these fires
a number of conferences were held with the Governor, representatives
of timber land holdings. Federal agencies, and State agencies. From
these conferences there was evolved by the Division a comprehensive
and detailed Forest Fire Plan for the State and each of the 12 forestry
districts.
The scope of this plan with the many agencies involved can be
judged by noting that the State Plan alone contains 79 pages. Mutual
Aid Agreements have been signed with the States of Tennessee, South
Carolina and Georgia under the Southeastern Interstate Forest Fire
Protection Compact Low which was passed by the 1955 North Caro-lina
Legislature. These agreements should greatly facilitate forest
fire control measures during hazardous periods.
The phenomenal growth of the demand for forest tree seedlings
will be further greatly stimulated by the conservation reserve features
of the Federal Soil Bank Act. This anticipated demand has necessi-tated
plans for the expansion of existing nursery facilities and the
}
establishment of a new nursery in Burke County near Morganton on
property under long time lease from the Duke Power Co. This new
20
nursery should alleviate the continuing shortage of white pine seed-lings
for western North Carolina.
Vigorous and continuing action is being taken to control an
epidemic of Southern pine beetles in the mountain region of the
State and also the location and control of the Oak Wilt disease
which is present in three western counties.
The personnel situation in regard to technically trained foresters
to carry out the responsibilities of the Division is critical. There were
twelve forester vacancies at the end of the biennium, almost entirely
due to the much higher salaries offered by industry and other
agencies.
FOREST MANAGEMENT
Expanding the forest management services to the timber land-owners
of the State with already existing budget and facilities is the
chief aim of the Forest Management Division.
Management services ore now available in 71 counties and limited
management services in the remaining 29 counties.
The outstanding feature of this activity is that the private land-owner
is given in-the-woods advice and services on how best to
manage and market his timber.
Ten Service Foresters ore at present employed to give tree marking
service, forest management advice, and forest planting assistance
to landowners. Currently over 25 million board feet of timber are
marked annually for cutting on individual landowners' tracts by
these Service Foresters and other forestry personnel. This is about
two per cent of the timber cut annually in North Carolina. However,
the demand for this service of tree marking is expanding and each
year will find more and more marked timber cut. Effective July 1,
1956 a nominal charge was imposed for the marking service.
PROGRESS IN FOREST MANAGEMENT SERVICE TO LANDOWNERS
Prior During Total
io this Biennium To Date
Biennium 1954-56
No. of Examinations Made 6,511 2,260 8,771
Total Woodland
Acres Examined 1,590,785 182,085 1,772,870
No. of Tracts Marked 2,673 1,087 3,760
Acreage Marked 74,740 22,590 97,330
Board Feet Marked 185,915,000 54,856,000 240,771,000
Cords Marked 61,373 24,857 86,230
Applications Not
Acted Upon 331
Acres Given
Planting Assistance 3,454 4,742 8,196
21
NURSERIES
With the establishment of the forest tree nursery in Burke County,
the State will have in operation four forest tree nurseries, one in
Johnston, one in Wayne County, one in Henderson and one in Burke
County. The new Burke County nursery was established primarily to
supply the demand for white pine and yellow poplar seedlings for
the mountain area. Under the provisions of the Federal Soil Bank
considerable Federal assistance is being obtained for the establish-ment
of this new nursery. When in peak production, the 4 nurseries
should have a maximum capacity of 100 million seedlings annually.
The tree seedings are sold for windbreaks, erosion control, and re-forestation
at varying prices, $4.00 per thousand f.o.b. destination
for the several species of pine. Over 50 million seedlings are available
for planting season 1956-57. . ,
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS BY SPECIES
Species 1952-53 1953-54 1954-55 1955-56
Black Locust
Black Walnut
Loblolly Pine
Longleaf Pine
Red Cedar
Shortleaf Pine
Slash Pine
Yellow Poplar
White Pine
Miscellaneous
Totals:
30,525
7,850
6,787,550
418,850
618,500
822,850
1,189,000
226,650
1,272,400
28,530
11,402,705
25,800
10,627
9,700,760
789,487
626,910
749,600
2,625,750
277,300
1,924,800
45,150
16,776,184
19,900
6,600
14,915,250
768,712
839,183
483,400
3,298,300
466,750
3,491,475
113,075
24,402,645
25,500
4,175
16,981,656
863,906
391,575
1,518,250
13,193,206
283,800
1,749,900
897,110
35,909,087
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS BY CLASS
OF COOPERATORS
Class of
Cooperators Biennium 1954-56 Cumulative Grand Total
No. of No. of No. of No. of
Cooperator! Trees Cooperators Trees
Farmers 7,270 20,868,186 26,134 64,730,110
Industries 120 31,535,700 437 63,354,649
Schools 121 346,275 655 2,589,559
State 15 853,000 198 4,173,786
Club & Organizations 54 138,650 2,656 698,053
Municipalities 14 3,409,950 64 3,856,074
Federal Agencies 23 2,181,137 90 10,332,367
Others 145 978,825 589 7,315,738
Totals: 7,762 60,311,723 30,823 157,050,336
22
FOREST INSECT & DISEASE CONTROL
This branch of the Forestry Division which was formed under the
law passed by the 1953 General Assembly and has been very active
during the biennium. An epidemic of the southern pine beetle in
Cherokee County has been controlled by the crews of this branch.
Crews are now operating on an outbreak of this pest in the Asheville
Basin in Buncombe County. These ore cooperative projects under
the Federal Forest Pest Act.
A survey of the Oak Wilt infested trees in western North Carolina
with the eradication of those trees found is continuing. This consists
of air survey and ground checking for the disease which has caused
serious damage in the mid-western states and has been found in
Buncombe, Haywood and Madison Counties in western North Caro-lina.
PUBLICATIONS
In August, 1955, there was published "Buyers of Forest Products
in North Carolina." This 93 page booklet contains the names of
purchasers of forest products obtained by a county by county survey.
It is extremely useful to farmers and other landowners in marketing
products from their timberland.
FOREST FIRE CONTROL
The Federal Government, under the provision of Section 2 of the
Clark McNary Law continues its financial cooperation with the State.
The amount of funds made available to the State, under the provision
of this law, is based largely upon the actual State appropriation for
forest fire control and need.
Supervisory Personnel
A fairly heavy turn-over in all grades of supervisory personnel con-tinued
during the past two years.
Present- Organization
As of June 30, 1954, there were 88 counties cooperating with the
Division of Forestry in forest fire control.
County Cooperation
Work has been continued in financial cooperation with the 88
counties under forest fire control, with work being based on the
county as a unit. This form of cooperation has met widespread sup-port
from the various counties. The Department cooperates with the
various counties on the basis of their ability to pay as indicated by
each county's taxable wealth. The counties pay from 25 to 40 per
cent of the total cost of fire protection within the county.
23
As of June 30, 1954, there were 12 counties, representing
1,267,896 acres in the State still without any form of forest fire
control.
Private Cooperation
Financial cooperation was continued with private forest owners
who agree to pay an annual amount used to supplement other avail-able
funds to provide more intensified fire protection to their lands.
Detection System
The Division now operates 129 lookout towers. In addition to the
State-operated towers, there are 42 Federally-owned towers which
cooperate with the State in reporting fires. The operation of two
State owned airplanes has supplemented the tower network and aided
the ground crews materially.
Forestry Division Communication
The Division now owns and operates 468 two-way radios and in
oddition owns a considerable mileage of telephone lines.
Permanent Improvements
A new district warehouse, district office, oil and tire house and
grease rack were constructed at New Bern. A new District office
was constructed at Fayetteville. Four steel and one treated wood forest
fire towers were purchased and erectd during the two year period.
An observation cab was constructed on the Jefferson Standard build-ing
in Greensboro making an excellent lookout point. (Building 17
stories high). Two equipment shelters for plowing units were con-structed
at Scotland Neck and Lower Grove. A total of seven small
buildings were constructed at remote towers for storage of tools and
supplies and overnight sleeping for tower operators.
Forest Fire Statistics
The forest fire statistics for the past four years are shown in the
statistical chart. In evaluating these statistics, the following factors
must be kept in mind:
1. Climatic conditions which are all important in the actual sup-pression
of forest fires.
2. Funds available represented about one-half the amount needed
for adequate protection.
Conclusion
The goal of State-wide forest fire protection has yet to be accom-plished.
The increased support of the general public, however, has
indicated the very real progress made by forest fire prevention and
control.
24
FOREST FIRE STATISTICS FOR STATE PROTECTED AREAS
BY CALENDAR YEARS
1952
Area under Protection—Acres 1 5,553, 1 46
Number of Fires 3,768
Causes of Fires
1. Campers and Hunters .. 339
2. Brush Burning 1,343
3. Incendiary 661
4. Lightning 96
5. Logging 125
6. Railroads 93
7. Smokers 831
8. Miscellaneous 280
Total 3,768
Area Burned:
Forest Land 231,994
Open Land 66,050
Total 298,044
Damage:
Forest Land $323,436
Other 426,581
Total $750,017
Law Enforcement:
No. Fires Resulting in
Law Enforcement Action .... 926
Finances—Fiscal years 1952-53
Appropriation by Counties $221,709
Appropriation by
Private Owners 25,203
Appropriation by State 528,184
Transfer from
Preceding Year
Rentals from Employees 5,063
Appropriation, Federal
Government 278,676
Presuppression Fire Lines .... 3,912
Total Appropriations $1,062,747
Available Funds:
Per Acre Protected 6.8 cents
1953 1954 1955
5,566,788 15,615,501 15,696,980
3,143 4,164
433 330 259
951 1,369 1,338
491 700 563
47 105 61
137 157 129
60 141 108
723 866 806
301 496 425
3,143 4,164 3,689
131,077
22,459
193,666
14,334
548,009
32,094
153,536 208,000 580,103
$1,051,050
193,704
$1,317,451
53,189
$4,481,637
22,815
$1,244,754 $1,370,640 $4,504,452
638 866 895
1953-54 1954-55 1955-56
$263,976 $253,135 $267,828
29,874
572,243
33,101
649,929
36,465
665,193
5,375 5,780 6,038
293,977
3,997
1,169,442
293,966
3,643
$1,239,554
321,589
2,660
$1,299,773
7.5 cents 7.9 cents 8.2 cents
BLADEN LAKES STATE FOREST
This 36,000 acre State Forest continues to be an outstanding
example of forest management in the State.
25
This area which was leased from the Federal Government in 1939
was deeded to the State in October, 1954, and is now in complete
control of the State with the exception of certain mineral rights.
A variety of activities are carried on in this area, as is noted from
the table of receipts acquired this biennium. The most unique feature
about this area is that it is self-supporting. In fact, excess receipts
over expenditures are shown at the end of each year's operation.
Money is paid in lieu of taxes to the County of Bladen each year
from these excess receipts, and averages yearly about $4,500.
SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS—BLADEN LAKES STATE FOREST
July 1, 1954—June 30, 1956
3,663,546 Board Feet Rough Green Lumber $140,646.64
1,407 Board Feet Pine Stumpage 28.14
7,753.74 Cords Pulpwood 24,962.09
52.42 Cords Oak Wood 690.40
28:50 Cords Oak Wood Stumpage 26.25
54,357 Pounds Charcoal 1,730.14
54,777 Treated Pine Posts 23,667.57
14 Loads Cypress Poles 350.00
139,400 Tobacco Sticks 144.95
1,636 Treated Sign Posts for Fire Control 1,558.15
1,955 Board Feet Logs 52.89
180,650 Shingles 875.17
Timber Trespass 540.71
Custom Treating 1,279.65
Deer Hunts 1,770.00
House Rent 144.00
Miscellaneous 236.60
$198,703.35
Appropriations 280. 1
Transferred from Previous Fiscal Years 17,630.00
Rental from Employees 1,372.80
Total Receipts 217,986.25
Total Expenditures 188,848.25
Balance Unexpended " $ 29,138.00
26
Mineral Resources
The Division of Mineral Resources is the official representative
of the Department of Conservation and Development in the fields
of geology, mineral resources, mining, and treatment of minerals.
It corresponds to the geological survey of most states. Its work is
to collect, tabulate, and evaluate information concerning the min-eral
resources of the State and to make this information available
to the public in useful form. Its objective is to improve the general
welfare of North Carolina through a more thorough understanding
and better use of its geology and mineral resources. The activities
and services of the division may be summarized, as follows:
1. The division, through its own personnel and in cooperation with
the United States Geological Survey and other agencies, carries
out systematic surveys of the geology and mineral resources of spe-cific
areas which may be treated as units. Such work includes de-tailed
topographic and geologic mapping, controlled sampling, pet-rographic
study, and a general appraisal of the geology and mineral
resources of each area surveyed.
2. The division carries out, in cooperation with various state and
federal agencies and industrial concerns, a wide range of mineral
investigations restricted to the study of a specific mineral or mineral
resource. Individual deposits and prospects are studied, mapped, and
sampled. Mineralogical and petrographic studies are carried out,
and a general appraisal is made of each deposit and the resource
as a whole.
3. There is being carried out, in cooperation with the United
States Geological Survey, a detailed investigation of the ground-water
resources of the State. This type of investigation includes geo-logic
mapping as well as hydrologic studies and chemical analyses
on ground (subsurface) waters to determine the type, quality, quan-tity,
and availability of such waters in the State and how they may
be used to the best advantage.
4. The division cooperates with landowners, prospectors, small
miners, and other citizens of the State by identifying and reporting
on specimens of rocks and minerals sent in for examination. Also,
information is furnished on specific mineral deposits and mineral
resources where it appears that the furnishing of such information
will advance the general welfare of the State. The office of the Di-vision
of Mineral Resources serves as a clearing house for this infor-mation
through the publication of reports designated as bulletins,
economic papers, information circulars, and reports of investiga-tion.
27
WORK OF DIVISION
During the biennium 1954-1956, there was more interest on the
part of industry in the mineral resources of North Carolina than dur-ing
any like period in the history of the State. In the summer of 1953,
Ventures, Limited, a Canadian corporation, began core drilling at
Ore Knob, Ashe County. This drilling was a success from the begin-ning,
and during the biennium 1954-1956 more than a million tons
of 3-per cent copper ore were blocked out. A shaft has been sunk
to a depth of a thousand feet, and a plant has been built to con-centrate
the ore. The success of this venture has created new interest
in copper, lead, and zinc prospects, and three or four major com-panies
are now interested in developing these minerals in the State.
As a result of this increased interest in copper, personnel of the
division mapped and studied a 50-square-mile area in Chatham
County in which two potential copper-producing prospects are located.
A report, including a detailed geologic mop of the area, has been
completed and is on file in division offices.
Increased demands for lithium and the success of Foote Mineral
Company in its mining operations at Kings Mountain have created
new interest in the spodumene (lithium) deposits of the Kings Moun-tain
district. Foote Mineral Company of Philadelphia began mining
and concentrating spodumene for its lithium content at Kings Moun-tain
in 1951. The success of this venture and the circulation of
reports that the spodumene deposits of the Kings Mountain district
contain approximately ninety per cent of the lithium reserves of the
United States created intense interest in the area. In 1954, Lithium
Corporation of America acquired property and began construction
of a plant near Bessemer City, Gaston County. Production began
early in 1955. At the same time, other potential producers began
acquiring property and exploring for spodumene. While the construc-tion
of additional plants has not begun, five major companies are
carrying out active exploration with considerable success. Due to the
lack of detailed information on the deposits and the many requests
received in this office, a study of the area was begun in the summer
of 1955. A report. Information Circular 15, "Lithium Resources of
North Carolina," has been prepared and published by the division.
This report indicated that the major deposits which are favorable for
mining contain 41,500,000 tons of ore to a depth of 300 feet, which
averages 15 per cent to 20 per cent spodumene and should produce
55,030,00 units of lithium oxide. There is probably an equal amount
in tonnage of ore below the depth of 300 feet and in deposits not
now considered favorable for mining.
NEW METALS DEVELOPED
The use of titanium oxide as a pigment together with new uses
for titanium metal in jet engines and for other high-temperature
28
requirements caused a renewed interest in the rutile and ilmenite
deposits of the State. The rutile deposits of Clay County were re-studied,
and two leases were granted by the Board of Conservation
and Development for the prospecting of ilmenite sands in the sounds
in the eastern part of North Carolina. Responsive to this renewed
interest, the division made a detailed study of the terrace formations
of Sampson County and prepared two reports, which are on file in the
office of the division. One of these is entitled, "Petrography of the
Sampson County, North Carolina, Pleistocene Formations." The other
is entitled, "Geomorphology of Sampson County, North Carolina."
Sampson County was selected for study because it is more than fifty
miles long and lies across four of the Pleistocene terraces of the
State. The terraces were mapped in detail, and some 84 selected
samples of the Pleistocene sand were collected. Twenty-four of the
samples which were most characteristic of the terraces were care-fully
concentrated, and heavy-fraction studies with a petrographic
microscope were made to determine the amount of ilmenite present
and its distribution through the county. Ilmenite was found in all
the samples, but the study indicated that commercial deposits may
be expected in the Coastal Plain only at points favorable for ilmenite
concentration.
Tungsten Mining Corporation practically doubled the capacity of
its plant at Townsville, Vance County, and active exploration for
tungsten ore in Cabarrus County was started by Carolina Tungsten
Company. There was increased interest in asbestos and kyanite, and
the production of pyrophyllite, mica, kaolin, feldspar, stone and
other minerals was stepped up by new developments and the ex-pansion
of existing plants. Several areas containing asbestos, kyanite,
and other nonmetallic minerals were examined, and information of
value was collected and made available to potential producers. The
value of the mineral production of the State is increasing at the rate
of approximately ten per cent each year.
STUDIES AND REPORTS
A study of miscellaneous rocks of value, such as quartzites,
gneisses, unakite, and sandstone, was made, and a report. Informa-tion
Circular 13, entitled, "Petrography and Economic Aspects of
the Miscellaneous Commercial Rocks of North Carolina," was pub-lished.
This report completed the studies began in 1942 on the com-mercial
rocks (excluding limestone) in North Carolina. Previously
published was Bulletin 67, "The Commercial Granites of North Caro-lina,"
and Information Circular 12, "Commercial Rocks of the Vol-canic-
Slate Series, North Carolina."
The discovery, in 1954, of uranium minerals in geologic formations
other than pegmatite dikes created nuclear interest in the possibility
of finding commercial deposits of uranium in the State. As a result,
29
several major groups are actively exploring for uranium in the upper
Piedmont and Mountain Counties. In order to keep abreast of this
interest in and prospecting for uranium minerals and furnish some
of the information being requested, a general reconnaissance was
mode of the more important areas, and a report, Information Circular
14, "Radioactive Minerals of North Carolina," was prepared for
distribution. This report contains descriptions of the more important
radioactive minerals known to occur in the State, indicates the areas
where these minerals occur, and outlines prospecting procedures.
Economic Paper 66, "The Mining Industry in North Carolina from
1946 through 1953," was prepared and published. In addition to a
detailed summary and review of the mining industry in North Caro-lina
for the years indicated, this report contains a brief review of the
State's mining for the past fifty years and presents information of
value on the geology and potential mineral resources of the State.
The first report on the mining industry in North Carolina covered
the year 1900 and was published in 1901. The present report, there-fore,
is a sort of golden anniversary volume. It furnishes information
that was badly needed, and it has been well received by representa-tives
of the mining industry and the public generally.
GEOLOGIC MAPPING
Geologic mapping was renewed during the biennium, and several
counties in which such work had not been done previously were
mapped. These included portions of Ashe and Caldwell and all of
Alleghany, Alexander, Surry, Wilkes, Yadkin, and Granville. In addi-tion,
an area in the Slate Belt near Albemarle, Stanly County, was
mapped, and a report, entitled, "The Carolina Slate Belt near Albe-marle,
North Carolina," was prepared. This report is on file in the
office of the division.
In March 1956, Governor Luther H. Hodges authorized the prepara-tion
of a new geologic mop of the State and made available $25,000
to carry out the mapping in several counties necessary for the pro-duction
of such a map. Three field parties began geologic mapping
in June and two more in July. It is expected that the map will be
completed and published during the calendar year 1957.
The United States Geological Survey continued to show an active
interest in the geology and mineral resources of the State. An im-portant
report. Professional Paper 246, "The Geology of the Deep
River Coal Field, North Carolina," was published by that organiza-tion.
This report contains some 158 pages, 10 maps, and a complete
description of the area, including the coal. In continuation of our
program of cooperative work with the Survey and following comple-tion
of studies in the Spruce Pine district and in the Homme Tungsten
district of Vance County, mapping was begun in the Fairgrove and
Lexington quadrangles of Davidson County. This area was selected
30
because it is in the Carolina Slate Belt, which is attracting consider-able
attention as a possible source of strategic minerals.
GROUND WATER STUDIES
Ground water in the Coastal Plain continued to be an item of
major importance. Real progress has been made in our cooperative
work with the United States Geological Survey in this field, as follows:
Fieldwork has been completed in the Southern Pines area, and a
report, "Ground-Water Resources of the Southern Pines Area, North
Carolina," is being reviewed and edited for publication. The counties
covered by this report are: Harnett, Lee, Moore, Montgomery, Rich-mond,
Hoke, Scotland, Robeson, and Cumberland. "Stratigraphic
Revision Concerning the Trent Marl of North Carolina" is another
report that has been prepared and is is now being reviewed by the
Geological Society of America, having in mind its publication in the
journal of that society. "Well Logs of the Coastal Plain of North
Carolina," which should be of real value to the well driller, prospec-tive
well owner, and persons interested in the geology of the Coastal
Plain, has been prepared and will soon be ready for publication. A
report, "Upper Cretaceous Ostracoda from North Carolina," has
reached final stages in its preparation for publication and will be
valuable to geologists and others interested in the geological forma-tions
and ground-water resources of the eastern part of our State.
Considerable work has been done and reports should be completed
in about a year in two other areas. One of these covers Lenoir, Craven,
Carteret, Duplin, Jones, Pender, Onslow, and New Hanover Counties
and bears the title, "Geology and Ground-Water Resources of the
Wilmington-New Bern Area, North Carolina." The other study covers
Hertford, Gates, Bertie, Martin, Beaufort, Chowan, Greene, and Pitt
Counties and will be entitled "Geology and Ground-Water Resources
of the Greenville Area, North Carolina." All of this ground-water
work is of considerable importance to the industrial development of
the Coastal Plain, since much of the water needed in that area will
come from the ground.
Another report resulting from cooperative work with the Survey,
"Ground-Water Resources in North Carolina," was published in Feb-ruary
1956 as our Bulletin 69. This report summarizes in nontechnical
language the ground-water resources of the State and furnishes in-formation
which may be applied in a general way to all sections of
the State.
COOPERATIVE SERVICES
During the biennium, at least a hundred well sites were located
for towns, schools. State institutions, and industries. The division
cooperated with landowners, prospectors, small miners, and people
interested in the geology and mineral resources of the State by ren-
31
dering services not otherwise available. Information was furnished
on asbestos, kyanite, pyrophyllite, uranium, and other minerals.
Approximately 1,500 rock and mineral specimens were examined
for citizens of the State and information furnished as to their identity
and value. Hundreds of letters were written in reply to requests for
general information on the mineral resources of the State and in
response to requests for specific information with respect to the value
or availability of different properties. In addition, many copies of the
division's publications were sent to interested persons.
The following publications were issued by the Division of Mineral
Resources during the biennium:
Bulletin No. 69, "Ground-Water Resources in North Carolina,"
by H. E. LeGrand.
Economic Paper No. 66, "The Mining Industry in North Carolina
from 1946 through 1953," by Sam D. Broadhurst.
Information Circular No. 13, "Miscellaneous Commercial Rocks
of North Carolina," by Richard J. Councill.
Information Circular No. 14, "An Introduction to Radioactive
Minerals in North Carolina," by Richard J. Councill.
Information Circular No. 15, "Lithium Resources of North Caro-lina,"
by Sam D. Broadhurst.
32
State Parks
THE ROLE OF STATE PARKS IN CONSERVATION
Today, we depend on natural resources for far more than just our
material and economic needs. We depend upon our natural resources
to satisfy other needs as well. That we depend so much on our natural
resources for the fulfillment of needs beyond material needs is one
of the indicators of our present economic status and way of life. A
part of our natural resources should, in fact must, be used without
actually being consumed and for purposes other than direct dollars
and cents gains.
The ability of the average person to satisfy his or her non-material
needs has been increasing rapidly because of three relatively recent
developments: (1) increased leisure time, (2) higher income, and (3)
greater mobility. The present trend in each of these is upward. This
is especially true of leisure time. It is now widely predicted that the
forty hour week will be replaced by the thirty hour week.
CONSERVING HUMAN RESOURCES
These factors make it mandatory that our conservation program
—
our program for the wise use of natural resources—include adequate
provision for the recreational use of natural resources so that we may
meet both our material and our non-material needs. No conservation
program—state, national or local—can possibly be successful unless
it places the same emphasis on recreational use of natural resources
as on forest management, wildlife protection, water conservation and
intelligent practices in harvesting natural resources.
In this phase of wisely using natural resources, the state park sys-tem
plays a very important part
—
a part that is doubly important
since the state parks make possible the use of natural resources to
conserve human resources. State parks provide a broad range of op-portunities
for wise and wholesome use of leisure time and thus
provide lasting social benefits. State parks bring mental health,
spiritual strength and the growth of aesthetic appreciation by bring-ing
people into close contact with the beauties and the mysteries of
the natural world. They promote physical fitness through providing
for a wide range of physical activities from swimming to hiking. They
help develop increased appreciation of man's place in nature through
the opportunities they offer for the study of natural history. State
parks help build the ability to work with others for the common
good through such programs as youth camping and family camping.
The Division of State Parks has but cne purpose: TO SERVE
PEOPLE:
33
In the conservation work of striving to assure for the people of
North Carolina adequate provision for recreational use of natural
resources, the Division of State Parks serves people in three ways:
1. By preserving and protecting natural areas of unique or ex-ceptional
scenic value for the use, enjoyment and benefit of not only
the present generation but of generations to come. This is the basic
service of state parks; we must never lose sight of it.
2. By providing opportunities for recreational use of natural re-sources
and for outdoor recreation and outdoor living in natural
surroundings. Recreation that makes use of natural resources in
the outdoors is a definite responsibility of any state park system.
Opportunities for camping, fishing, boating, swimming, picnicking
and simliar types of recreation are a major concern of state park
systems. State parks should provide facilities and opportunities pri-marily
for recreational use of the great outdoors and should leave
the more highly organized and intensive recreational pursuits to
municipal and other agencies.
3. By portraying and explaining plant and animal life, geology
and all other natural features included in the various areas in the
state park system. In an age when we are faced with ever-dwindling
natural resources, this service is very important, because an enlighten-ed
public is essential for intelligent use of natural resources.
The major phases of the work of the Division of State Parks are:
1
.
Operation for Public Use
2. Maintenance
3. Interpretive and Public Use Programs
4. Protection and Law Enforcement
5. Business Management
6. Information and Education
7. Personnel Administration
8. Planning, Development and Construction
9. Cooperation with and Services to Other Agencies
A summary of accomplishments in each of these phases of work
follows:
1. OPERATION FOR PUBLIC USE
State Parks
All records in state park use were broken during this biennium.
State park attendance of 3,042,331 was larger than the attendance
during any previous biennium. It exceeded attendance for the bien-nium
ending June 30, 1954 by 12.5 per cent; attendance for the
biennium ending June 30, 1952 by 24.7 per cent; and attendance
for the biennium ending June 30, 1950 by 85.5 per cent. State park
34
attendance of 1,548,897 for the fiscal year July 1, 1954-June 30,
1955 was the greatest for any single fiscal year since the first state
park was estabilshed. State park attendance of 1,483,434 for the
fiscal year July 1, 1955-June 30, 1956, although somewhat reduced
by adverse weather conditions and hurricanes, was greater than for
any single fiscal year in any previous biennium. These increases in
state park use were spread throughout the state park system—every
state park experienced an increase in public use.
Even more impressive than mere attendance figures, and actually
more important, is the fact that an ever-increasing percentage of
those who come to the state parks are park users instead of being
merely park visitors. This is one of several clear indications of the
constantly growing recreational use being made of natural resources
and very vividly emphasizes the necessity for an adequate, well-rounded
state park system.
The uses made of state parks were many and varied. Among the
outdoor activities in which state park users engaged were picnicking,
swimming, tent camping, trailer camping, wilderness camping, or-ganized
camping by youth groups, boating, fishing, hiking, nature
study and vacationing in state park cabins. One striking feature of
this use is that it is predominantly family use. By far the largest
percentage of those using the state parks do so in family groups.
Two outstanding special events took place during this biennium.
The first of these was the dedication to public use of the swimming
facilities at Cliffs of the Neuse State Park on June 4, 1955 by Gov-ernor
Hodges. The other special event was the dedication of the
William B. Umstead State Park at 5:00 p.m. on August 28, 1955, at
which time the name of the park was officially changed from Crab-tree
Creek State Park. The dedication program, at which Governor
Hodges delivered the principal address, was attended by upwards
of 4,000 people. Special guests included Mrs. William B. Umstead,
who responded on behalf of the Umstead family, and Miss Merle
Bradley Umstead, daughter of former Governor Umstead, who un-veiled
the entrance markers.
New facilities placed in operation during this biennium included
the swimming facilities at Cliffs of the Neuse State Park consisting
of bathhouse and lake, the new park road system and parking areas
at William B. Umstead State Park, the restaurant and observation
lounge at Mount Mitchell State Park, and boat rental facilities at
Morrow Mountain and Pettigrew State Parks.
State Lakes
The Division of State Parks administers the seven State Lakes. Four
of these lakes are within the boundaries of state parks and are ad-ministered
as state park areas. These four lakes are Singletary Lake,
which is a part of the Singletary Lake Group Camp area; Lake Phelps,
35
which is a part of Pettigrew State Park; and Jcnes and Salters Lakes,
which are within the boundaries of Jones Lake State Park. As Black
Lake is adjacent to Bladen Lakes State Forest, it is handled in a
similar fashion.
Because the State owns no land around the remaining two lakes
—
Lake Waccamaw in Columbus County and White Lake in Bladen
County—the administration of these two bodies of water presents
many problems. These problems were complicated by the very low
water level of White Lake and Lake Waccamaw, as well as of the
other lakes in Bladen and Columbus Counties, during all of 1954 and
the first eight months of 1955. Careful geological investigation
revealed that the major cause of the extremely low water level was
the prolonged drought. The rains brought by the hurricanes of
August and September, 1955, raised the water of these lakes to
practically normal full level and the lakes continued full or nearly
full throughout the remainder of the biennium. To partially alleviate
the handicap this low water level placed on the users of White Lake,
the State Lakes Regulations were amended to permit lengthening of
piers and docks. In addition to low water in 1955, White Lake suffer-ed
from a recurrence of the algae condition that occurred in 1950.
More dock, pier and boat permits were issued at both White Lake
and Lake Waccamaw than in any previous biennium.
2. MAINTENANCE
Hurricane Hazel, which struck the State on October 15, 1954,
caused severe damage at many state parks. Heavy damage to build-ings
and natural features occurred at Fort Macon State Park and
heavy damage occurred to natural features at Cliffs of the Neuse,
Jones Lake and William B. Umstead State Parks and at Singletary
Lake Group Camp. The damage caused to natural features, involving
as it did the blow-down of thousands of mature hardwoods, was
irreparable. Damages to structures at Fort Macon State Park were
repaired with a special $25,000 fund made available for this purpose
by Governor Hodges. Extensive building repairs, as well as repairs to
parking areas and utilities, were required. In September, 1955, Hur-ricane
lone did considerable damage at Fort Macon State Park and
relatively slight damage to other state parks. Damages at Fcrt Macon
State Park were corrected by an allotment of approximately $9,000
from the Contingency and Emergency Fund.
The severe drought conditions of 1954, and preceding years, af-fected
several state parks. The two most adverse effects were the near
failures of the water supply systems at Hanging Rock, William B.
Umstead and Reedy Creek State Parks, and the serious effect the
drought had on the vegetative covering of many state parks. Emer-gency
measures had to be taken to avoid closing to public use those
state parks having serious water supply problems.
36
The extra repair and maintenance work made necessary by the
hurricanes and severe drought complicated the maintenance problem.
Personnel of the Division of State Parks are responsible for main-taining
several million dollars worth of property. This property in-cludes,
in addition to land, a large number of buildings of various
types and sizes, roads, parking areas, trails, water supply systems,
sewer systems, telephone lines, power lines, a variety of public use
areas, and operating and maintenance equipment. Despite the com-plications
of emergency repair and maintenance work required be-cause
of the hurricanes and the drought, regular maintenance of the
state parks was carried on during the biennium. Several major and
scores of minor maintenance jobs were completed. In addition to
repair of hurricane damages, major maintenance projects have in-cluded
extensive repairs to the group camp lake dam at William B.
Umstead State Park, major overhaul of the water supply system at
Cliffs of the Neuse State Park, and extensive repairs to park road
systems.
The increase made in appropriations for state park maintenance
by the 1955 General Assembly made possible some maintenance
gains. Nevertheless, state park maintenance is still not up to first-class
standard and additional funds will be required to reach this
standard. Ever-increasing public use of the state parks automatically
brings with it increasing wear and tear on the facilities so that main-tenance
work increases in direct proportion to public use.
3. INTERPRETIVE AND PUBLIC USE PROGRAMS
Increasing emphasis was given to the program of assisting state
park users to use and enjoy the natural features of state parks more
fully and thus secure greater benefits from them. At five state parks —Cliffs of the Neuse, Hanging Rock, Morrow Mountain, Mount
Mitchell and William B. Umstead State Parks—naturalists were em-ployed
during the summer months to carry on such activities as con-ducted
nature hikes, nature lectures, laying out and maintaining self-guided
nature trails and similar activities. Public demand for these
services is almost as great in the fall and spring months as in the
summer months and, to meet this demand, the naturalist at William
B. Umstead State Park was employed on a part-time basis during the
spring of 1956. The program included regularly scheduled nature
hikes each Saturday and Sunday during the spring months and illus-trated
talks to groups. This experiment of extending naturalist serv-ices
beyond the summer season was very successful and received
much favorable comment.
Much more emphasis should be placed on interpretive programs.
These programs include portraying and explaining such natural fea-tures
as geology, plants, animals and natural processes and are both
37
recreational and educational. Such programs are among the most
lasting and beneficial public services offered by the state parks.
Public use programs included teaching swimming and life saving
classes in cooperation with the American Red Cross and assisting a
large number of groups to plan and carry out day outings in the
state parks.
4. PROTECTION AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
The park superintendents and park rangers continued to do a good
job of maintaining law and order in the state parks; protecting the
state parks from fire, vandalism and trespass; and protecting the
animal and plant life in the state parks. This work has involved many
different jobs, including patrol and fire prevention measures; bound-ary
surveys and marking; educational contacts with park neighbors;
and cooperation with other agencies. In cooperation with the Divi-sion
of Forestry, written fire control plans for several state parks
have been prepared.
Only three fires occurred within the state park system during the
biennium despite the highly hazardous conditions brought on by long
drought periods. One fire occurred at William B. Umstead State Park
and burned only one-quarter acre. Two fires, one covering one acre
and one covering two acres, occurred at Reedy Creek State Park. This
excellent protection record was due entirely to the vigilance of the
park superintendents and park rangers and the extra patrol duty they
performed during severe drought periods.
Use of the state parks continued to be orderly because of the
good protection and law enforcement carried on by the park superin-tendents
and pork rangers. The educational work carried on by the
Division and the vigilance of field personnel have somewhat reduced
vandalism in the state parks.
5. BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Business management is a very important part of the varied and
complex state park program. Accounting for expenditures and re-ceipts;
specifying and requisitioning a wide variety of supplies, ma-terials
and equipment; property inventorying and accounting; prep-aration
of payrolls; keeping fiscal, equipment, operation and cost
records are only a part of business management of the state parks.
Upon the prompt and efficient execution of business management
activities depends much of the success of the state park program.
Among the activities carried on in this phase of state park work
during this biennium were periodical physical inventories of non-expendable
property at each state park, frequent merchandise inven-tories,
and revision of parts of the Forms and Reports Manual.
Earned receipts frcm the operation of state park facilities during
the biennium July 1, 1954-June 30, 1956 reached an all-time high
38
of $220,128.44—an increase of 20.1 per cent over the previous
biennium. These earned receipts amounted to 38.5 per cent of the
total operating and maintenance expenditures.
6. INFORMATION AND EDUCATION
The volume of inquiries for information on state parks increased
sharply during the biennium. This increase in volume of inquiries
for state pork information is another demonstration of the popularity
of state parks. The brochure, NORTH CAROLINA STATE PARKS,
continued to make possible a far better job of answering these thou-sands
of inquiries. By use of this brochure, state pork inquiries were
fully answered. In addition, thousands of requests for information on
state parks were handled verbally at the individual state parks.
Personnel of the Division made numerous talks to a variety of
groups and organizations and also participated in radio and TV pro-grams.
News stories and feature articles on state parks appeared in
newspapers throughout the state during the biennium. Features also
appeared in a number of periodicals, particularly in the company
publications of several large industrial firms.
Roadside directional signs were erected within a 25-mile radius of
both Morrow Mountain and Hanging Rock State Parks. These signs,
which give the distances and directions to these state parks, have
been most useful to the public.
In addition to the interpretive programs, educational activities
have included school camps for grammar school children during the
school years, trips to state parks by various school groups for field
study, and use of the state porks as laboratories by both public
schools and colleges.
7. PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION
The successful operation of the state pork system and the quality
and quantity of services the state parks render to the public depends
entirely upon the number and quality of the state pork employees.
Planning, building, administering, operating and maintaining a sys-tem
of state parks requires trained, efficient and experienced person-nel.
Personnel training has, therefore, continued to be the most im-portant
phase of state park personnel administration throughout this
biennium. Training to increase the knowledges and skills of state
park workers continued to be emphasized through the semi-annual
park superintendents' meetings, staff conferences, training sessions
on specific phases of state pork work, on-the-job training and home
study. As a further step in increasing the efficiency and productive-ness
of state park employees, a study has been started to secure the
data necessary to completely detail and organize the operating duties
of each employee at each state park.
39
During this biennium, the effectiveness of the state park program
has been hampered and personnel administration has been made
difficult by a large number of resignations. Resignations occurred
throughout the biennium but reached a peak during the first six
months of 1955 when one-third of the permanent positions in the
Division were vacated. This heavy turn-over in state park personnel
appears to be caused by two factors: (1) the lure of higher salaries
in other fields, and (2) the long work days and weeks required of
state park personnel. In many state parks, park use has more than
doubled in the last ten years but there has been no increase in em-ployees.
As a result, many state park employees are compelled to
work six- and seven-day weeks as well as to work overtime each day
through the summer months. This situation will, unfortunately, con-tinue
to exist so long as the present number of field employees is
so disproportionately small in comparison with the volume of public
use.
An important and time-consuming part of personnel administration
work is the selection of over 60 temporary employees each summer.
8. PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION
A. Permanent Improvements
The following permanent improvements projects were completed
during this biennium:
Cliffs of the Neuse State Park: Swimming facilities, including con-crete
diving tower, grading and sanding of protected swimming area
and grading of beach. A refreshment stand was built through the
generosity of numerous business concerns in Wayne and adjoining
counties who donated money and materials to this project.
Mount Mitchell State Park: Restaurant and Observation Lounge
Building.
The State Highway and Public Works Commission, with a special
allotment made by Governor Hodges, carried on extensive roadside
improvement work both within Mount Mitchell State Park and on the
road joining Mount Mitchell State Park with the Blue Ridge Parkway.
Work done so far has very much improved the appearance of both
the park and the connecting road.
In addition, a new sewage disposal system to serve developments
near the summit of Mount Mitchell was completed.
Mount Jefferson Area: Construction of outdoor fireplaces, tables
and benches and the erection of directional signs.
Pettigrew State Park: Reconstruction of the original Overseer's
House. This building serves the dual purpose of being a restoration
of one of the original plantation buildings and of providing quarters
for the park ranger.
40
William B. Umstead State Park: A complete park road system and
three parking areas. Governor Hodges made this project possible
by making a special allotment of $50,000. Completion of this project
not only provides all weather access to all public use facilities but,
of equal importance, it provides control of vehicular traffic into the
park, thus making possible much better protection of the park.
In addition, the Division of State Parks cooperated in the following
construction:
Tryon Palace: Restoration of the west wing of the Palace and the
construction of a replica of the east wing of the Palace were practical-ly
completed during the biennium. The contracts for the restoration
of the main building were awarded in March, 1955. All of this work
is being financed from the bequest made by the late Mrs. Maude
Moore Latham for the restoration of Tryon Palace.
Museum of North Carolina Minerals: The Division of State Parks
cooperated with the National Park Service and other State agencies
in the construction of the Museum of North Carolina Minerals which
was dedicated to public use on June 17, 1955.
B. Acqirisition of New Areas
Tryon Palace: Two tracts of land for the Tryon Palace project were
purchased with state funds. Eleven tracts were purchased with funds
from Mrs. Latham's bequest.
C. Planning
One of the most important achievements in state park planning
was the adoption by the Board of Conservation and Development in
January, 1955, of PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE ESTABLISHMENT,
EXTENSION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE PARK SYSTEM
OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA. This basic planning tool was
carefully studied by the Committee on State Parks before being pre-sented
to the Board for adoption. These principles set forth basic
planning criteria essential to a sound state park program.
In addition to carrying out the preparation of plans and specifica-tions
for all state park permanent improvements projects completed
during the biennium, the staff of the Division has planned and car-ried
out a number of major repair jobs, planned and constructed in-formation
exhibits, worked on the preparation of detailed drawings of
water systems, sewer systems and other utilities, continued work on
the preparation of master plans and master plan reports, and com-pleted
a number of field surveys.
9. COOPERATION WITH AND SERVICES TO OTHER AGENCIES
The Division of State Parks cooperated in a variety of projects
41
with other agencies and rendered a number of consultation and other
services to various public and private agencies during the biennium.
At the request of the School of Education of North Carolina State
College of Agriculture and Engineering, the Superintendent of State
Parks worked with college authorities in planning a four-year curricu-lum
in park administration. The Superintendent of State Parks also
helped plan and carry out a two-week short course in park administra-tion
at the University of Mississippi and a two-day workshop at North
Carolina State College. Cooperative services were rendered to the
National Park Service in connection with the Cape Hatteras National
Seashore Recreational Area and the Museum of North Carolina
Minerals; to the Tryon Palace Commission in connection with the
restoration of Tryon Palace; the Wildlife Resources Commission in
connection with research projects; and to a number of other State,
Federal and local agencies.
In turn, State and Federal agencies hove given much assistance
to the state park program. Appreciation is especially due to the State
Highway and Public Works Commission which has given valuable
assistance on a number of state park road and parking area projects
and to the National Park Service which has rendered valuable advice
and assistance on a number of state park problems and projects.
LEGISLATION
The only legislation, other than that connected with the budget,
concerning the Division of State Parks was the enactment of the bill
to rewrite and revise Chapter 121 of the General Statutes of North
Carolina pertaining to the Department of Archives and History. This
bill provides that the preservation of historic sites shall be the re-sponsibility
of the Department of Archives and History. Pursuant to
this bill, the Directors of these two departments jointly submitted a
report to the Governor recommending that the following historic sites
be transferred immediately to the Department of Archives and His-tory:
(1) Town Creek Indian Mound, Montgomery County.
(2) Battle of Alamance State Historical Park, Alamance County.
(3) Old Brunswick Town, Brunswick County.
(4) James Iredell House, Edenton, Chowan County.
(5) Charles B. Aycock Birthplace, Wayne County (when its re-construction
has been completed by the Charles B. Aycock
Birthplace Commission and when it is ready to be turned
over by that Commission for administration by the State.)
Further study is being given to the question of transferring the
historic portions of Fort Macon and Pettigrew State Parks and all of
Rendezvous Mountain State Historical Park to the Department of
Archives and History.
42
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER PROGRESS
A. Provide the Increased State Park Budgets Needed to Improve
Operations, Public Use Programs, and Maintenance at Existing
State Parks.
State park budgets and state park personnel are now and have
always been insufficient to adequately operate and maintain the
existing state parks. Public use increases at a greater rate than
budgets and personnel. Much more emphasis should be placed on
programs to provide for public use of the natural features of the
parks. Only by providing adequate funds and personnel can these
improvements be brought about.
Of especial importance is the provision of additional park personnel
to meet the greatly increased work load caused by very heavy increase
in public use of state parks.
B. Provide Funds Necessary to Complete Developments and Land
Purchase at Existing State Parks.
Additional facilities are needed at all state parks to meet public
demand and to carry out the basic purposes and objectives of the
state park program. Public use of many of the existing facilities is
beyond the capacity of these facilities.
C. Provide Additional Technical Personnel for Comprehensive Ad-vance
Planning of the State Park System.
An adequate staff of competent technical personnel should be
employed to prepare detailed plans for improvement of the state
park system well in advance of actual construction. Such advance
planning always saves time and money.
D. Continue to Raise State Park Personnel Standards.
In-service training should be increased and every advantage should
be taken of short courses and other training courses to increase the
knowledge and ability of state park personnel. Job descriptions and
salary scales should be re-examined in the light of present day re-quirements.
E. Provide a Land Purchase Fund for Acquisition of New State Parks.
Prepare and finance a comprehensive plan for additions to the
state park system.
The present number of areas in the state park system are too few
to render reasonable service to the people of North Carolina. Addi-tional
areas are needed if the basic purposes and objectives of the
state park program are to be achieved. These areas are necessary for
three reasons: (1) to bring state park services to all sections of North
43
Carolina; (2) to preserve certain areas for their greatest public bene-fit;
and (3) to prevent the overuse and consequent deterioration of
existing state parks. There are many gaps in the state park system
that must be filled.
F. Provide Funds for Building Public Use Facilities on New State
Parks.
Once they are acquired, roads, parking areas, sanitary facilities
and a number of public use facilities will be needed in new state
parks.
All of these recommendations should be carried out in strict accor-dance
with Principles Governing the Establishment, Extension and
Development of the State Park System of the State of North Carolina
and Park, Parkway and Recreational Area Study of North Carolina.
44
Water Resources,
Inlets and Coastal
Waterways
The functions of this division, in accordance with the provisions of
Sections 113-3, 113-8, 113-8.1, 113-27, and 143-213, General Stat-utes
of North Carolina, as amended, are as follows:
(a) To collect and classify the facts derived from investigations of
surface waters and to make these facts known to the citizens of the
State and to the public generally;
(b) To arrange and classify the facts derived from investigations of
water supplies and water powers, cooperating with other departments
and agencies of the State and providing a general source of informa-tion
in regard to the water resources of the State;
(c) To prepare, for the signature of the Director of the Department
of Conservation and Development, permits to use surface waters for
irrigation;
(d) To investigate, and cause investigations to be made of, the
coasts, ports and waterways of North Carolina, cooperating with
agencies of the Federal and State Governments and other political
subdivisions in making such investigations; and
(e) To cooperate in the pollution-abatement program of the State.
The activities of the Division during the 1954-56 Biennium, in
accomplishing the functions indicated above, ore set forth below.
INVESTIGATIONS OF SURFACE WATERS
The District Engineer, North Carolina District, Geological Survey,
U. S. Department of the Interior, pursuant to a cooperative agreement
between the Director of the Geological Survey and the Director of
the Department of Conservation and Development, operates, and
collects statistics from, stream-gaging stations throughout the state;
makes miscellaneous stream-flow measurements at various places;
determines the magnitude, duration, and frequency of selected low
flows; and provides detailed analyses and presentations of stream-flow
data. The statistics, measurements, and data are transmitted to
the Division of Water Resources, Inlets and Coastal Waterways, which
makes them, and other data derived therefrom, available to the Com-merce
and Industry Division, Department of Conservation and De-velopment,
in connection with attraction of new industries, and to
45
municipalities, industries, and individuals which may desire them.
The Department published hydrologic data on North Carolina river
basins as follows:
Names of basins and periods of data
Year of Publication
Cape Fear, 1820-1945 1947
Yadkin-Pee Dee, 1866-1945 1948
Catawba and Broad, 1872-1945 1949
Neuse, 1866-1945 1950
French Broad, 1857-1945 1950
Roanoke and Tar, 1871-1945 1952
Records of maximum mean weekly, minimum mean weekly, maxi-mum
daily, mean doily, and minimum daily discharges since 1945,
both in million gallons per day and cubic feet per second, at gaging
stations in the streams in the seven river basins indicated above,
have been, and are being, prepared by personnel of the Division from
data furnished by the Geological Survey and are maintained in the
office of the Division. They are available to the persons indicated
above and are frequently used In inventories of the water resources
of North Carolina river basins being prepared by the Division (see
"Investigations of Water Supplies and Water Powers", below), refer-ences
are being mode to hydrologic data as previously published and
records indicated in the first sentence of this paragraph are being
incorporated.
The District Chemist, North Carolina District, U. S. Geological
Survey, pursuant to a similar cooperative agreement, operates sampl-ing
stations and makes laboratory analyses of samples to evaluate the
suitability of surface waters for domestic, industrial, and agricultural
use; to plan the conservation and development of water supplies; to
evaluate the potential utility of surface waters on the basis of ma-terials
in solution or suspension; to determine the extent of salt-water
intrusion in streams in Eastern North Carolina; to determine the
quantity and characteristics of sediments in streams; and to prepare
an annual report entitled "Chemical and Physical Character of Sur-face
Waters of North Carolina", to be published by the Department
of Conservation and Development.
During the 1954-56 Biennium, the Department published Volumes
9 and 10, Bulletin 52, "Chemical and Physical Character of Surface
Waters of North Carolina", 1952-53 and 1953-54, respectively. The
chemical-analysis year extends from October 1 to September 30, in-clusive.
Volume I of Bulletin 52 covered the chemical-analysis year
1944-45. Volume 10 contains chemical analyses, average composi-tion
of dissolved solids, water temperatures, and relation of doily
specific conductance to stream flow for 6 doily-sampling stations,
chemical analyses for 7 monthly-sampling stations, chemical analyses
46
of miscellaneous streams in 10 major river basins, and sediment and
size analyses for the daily station on the Yadkin River at Yadkin
College.
The cooperative agreements, referred to above, include provisions
for matching, by the Federal Government, of North Carolina funds.
For example, the value of services provided by the U. S. Geological
Survey, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1956, amounted to
approximately $206,000, of which approximately $100,000, $97,000,
and $6,000, were contributed by the Federal Government, the State
of North Carolina, and North Carolina industries, respectively.
Budget recommendations of the Department of Conservation and
Development for the biennium ending June 30, 1959 includes in-creases
in the amount of $44,500 for cooperation with the Geological
Survey, U. S. Department of the Interior, to supplement the stream-gaging
program at fixed stations by operation of short-term movable
stations, develop data on minimum dependable surface-water yields,
establish long-term sampling stations to follow alterations in the
chemical and physical characteristics of streams in the future as a
result of increased utilization and to determine effects of additional
waste waters normally resulting from an increase in density of popu-lation
and industry, expand studies of the extent of salt-water intru-sion
to include at least two additional river basins in Eastern North
Carolina, and provide information on quantity and characteristics of
sediment in streams other than the Yadkin River. Information regard-ing
sediment in the Yadkin River is contained in Volumes 8, 9, and 10
of Bulletin 52, Department of Conservation and Development.
INVESTIGATIONS OF WATER SUPPLIES AND
WATER POWERS
The Council of State, on October 1 1, 1954, upon recommendations,
approved by the Governor, of the Advisory Water Resources Com-mittee
established by the Governor in January 1954 pursuant to a
resolution adopted by the Board of Conservation and Development,
authorized an inventory of water resources of North Carolina and
allocated $25,000 therefor to the Department of Conservation and
Development from the Contingencies and Emergency Fund.
The Department published "Water Resources of North Carolina",
"Water Resources of North Carolina, Neuse River Basin", "Water
Resources of North Carolina, Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin, and "Water
Resources of North Carolina, Chowan River Basin", in 1955, and
"State and Federal Water Laws and Considerations Affecting Future
Legislation" in January, 1956. Preparation of "Water Resources of
North Carolina, Roanoke River Basin", "Water Resources of North
Carolina, French Broad River Basin", and "Water Resources of
North Carolina, Cape Fear River Basin" is substantially completed.
It is expected that the first two inventories will be published by the
47
end of the calendar year 1956 and that the inventory of water re-sources
of the Cape Fear River Basin will be published during the
latter part of the calendar year 1957. Since June 30, 1955, when
approximately one-fourth of the funds, provided by the Council of
State, lapsed, preparation and publication of inventories of water
resources of the State hove been accomplished by funds in the budget
of the Department of Conservation and Development for the biennium
ending June 30, 1957.
In providing a general source of information in regard to the water
resources of the State, the Division has obtained information from
State departments and agencies including the Department of Labor,
the Board of Health, the Recreation Commission, the Wildlife Re-sources
Commission, the State Stream Sanitation Committee, the
Highway and Public Works Commission, and the Divisions of State
Parks and Mineral Resources, Department of Conservation and De-velopment,
and from Federal agencies including the Geological Sur-vey,
the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, the Soil Conservation Serv-ice,
and the Farmers Home Administration.
PERMITS FOR IRRIGATION
The 1951 General Assembly enacted a law, incorporated as Section
113-8.1 in General Statutes of North Carolina, as amended, which
provides that any person, before utilizing surface waters of North
Carolina for irrigation in such an amount as to substantially reduce
the volume or flow thereof, shall make application to the Director of
the Department of Conservation and Development for a permit for
such use. The Director was thereby authorized to investigate a pro-posed
irrigation plan and survey, filed with the Department, as to
safety and public interest and to approve plans and specifications
and issue permits.
As of September 14, 1954, the Director had issued only four per-mits.
At an irrigation conference in Raleigh on August 9, 1954, it
was stated that the number of acres of tobacco irrigated in North
Carolina increased from 500 acres in 1951 to 6,000 acres in 1954.
This apparent lack of non-compliance with the law was probably
caused by very little publicity having been given to its enactment
and by the fact that it is not punitive. The Director issued Permit No.
783 on August 8, 1956.
In preparing these permits for signature by the Director, the Divi-sion
of Water Resources, Inlets and Coastal Waterways, bearing in
mind the words "safety and public interest", contained in the law
and comprising the only criteria for investigating the proposed irriga-tion
plan and survey, takes every possible precaution to insure that
diversion of the flow specified in the permit will not infringe upon the
riparian rights of persons downstream from the point of diversion.
No complaint has been received by the Director regarding any permit
48
which has been issued. It appears, however, that at some future time
the steadily increasing use of water for irrigation in North Carolina
will require revision of the law to resolve inevitable conflicts in storage
and water rights and to provide security of investments in water
development and land.
INVESTIGATIONS OF COASTS, PORTS AND WATERWAYS
The Division operated a Disaster Relief Office in Wilmington from
December 1, 1954 to June 30, 1955, inclusive, cooperating with the
State Director of Civil Defense and assisting county governments
and incorporated communities in preparing applications to the Fed-eral
Civil Defense Administration for funds under the provisions of
Public Law 875, 81st Congress, to relieve damages caused by Hurri-cane
Hazel and in preparing documentation required for Federal
funds expended for such relief.
The Chief Engineer of the Division, acting in his capacity as mem-ber
of the Board of Directors of the American Shore and Beach
Preservation Association, represented the Department at annual meet-ings
of the Association at Miami Beach and New Orleans in April
1955 and April 1956, respectively. The Association, organized ap-proximately
at the same time as the Department, was instrumental
in establishment of the Beach Erosion Board, which performs, for the
Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, approximately the same
functions in connection with prevention of beach erosion as are
performed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors in con-nection
with navigation and flood control projects. The Association
and the Beach Erosion Board have been helpful to the State and to
incorporated communities thereof with regard to erosion of the coasts
of North Carolina.
The Chief Engineer of the Diivision serves as Chairman of the
Committee on Hurricane Rehabilitation, appointed by the Governor
simultaneously with the Citizens Advisory Panel to provide advice
regarding recommendations in the report entitled "North Carolina
Hurricane Project". The Committee, at their meeting on May 1 , 1 956,
unanimously passed a motion that the Governor be advised that the
Committee favors the proposed method of procedure to effect the
recommendations indicated in the preceding sentence and recom-mends
its adoption.
The Division prepared a plan for work to reduce damages expected
to be caused by future hurricanes and to relieve damages caused by
Hurricanes Hazel, Connie, Dianne, and lone, which was presented by
the Governor to North Carolina Members of Congress on February
28, 1956. The Division has cooperated with the Director of Hurricane
Rehabilitation, Office of the Governor, since assumption of his re-sponsibilities
on April 2, 1956. The Division assisted the Boards of
County Commissioners of 15 counties in Eastern North Carolina in
49
preparing applications to the Federal Civil Defense Administration
for funds to remove trees, debris, and other obstructions to streams
for the purpose of draining agricultural lands and eliminating mos-quitoes.
The Chief Engineer of the Division serves as Secretary to the North
Carolina Delegation to Annual Conventions of the National Rivers
and Harbors Congress, an organization which assists proponents of
navigation and flood control projects in obtaining authorizations, by
the Congress of the United States, of projects which have been in-vestigated
by the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, and in obtaining
appropriations for projects which hove been authorized for construc-tion.
He assisted the Director of the Department, a member of the
delegation, in guilding their activities at the annual conventions in
May 1955 and May 1956, and assisted members of the Delegation,
who were proponents of projects, in preparing, and presenting to the
Projects Committee of the National Rivers and Harbors Congress,
applications for classifications of the projects which would advance
their progress toward authorization. He also assisted the Regional
Director, South Atlantic Region, National Rivers and Harbors Con-gress,
in arranging for, and conducting, the First South Atlantic
Region Conference, held in the Hall of the House of Representatives
on February 10, 1956.
Appropriations for North Carolina navigation and flood control
projects during the 1954-1956 Biennium have been made as follows;
Construction in Fiscal Year 1955-1956
Clearing and snagging in New River between
Jacksonville and the Intracoastal Waterway $ 18,000
Enlarging channel from Back Sound to Lookout Bight 70,000
Enlarging width and depth of channel in Taylors Creek .... 83,000
Channel from Manteo-Oregon Inlet Channel in Roanoke
Sound to wharves in Mill Creek near Wanchese,
Roanoke Island 70,000
3.6 miles of dike and closure structures
in Pasquotank River 120,000
2 rubble-mound breakwaters for Rollison
Channel at Hatteras 138,000
Breakwater for channel in Smith Creek at Oriental,
Pamlico County 82,000
Channel, 10 feet deep, in Smith Creek and
basin same depth at Oriental 20,000
Provision of depth of 10 feet in Wallace Channel,
Pamlico Sound 63,000
Increasing channel depth in Cape Fear River to 34
feet between inner end of Ocean Bar Channel
and Castle Street at Wilmington 523,476
50
7 miles of dike on Eagle Island, Wilmington Harbor 75,000
Total $1,262,476
Construction in Fiscal Year 1956-1957
Increasing depth of channel from Pamlico Sound to about
200 feet below highway across Far Creek at Engelhard,
Hyde County, and of basin thereat $ 179,000
14-ft. channel from the ocean over the bar and through
Oregon Inlet and 1 2-ft. channel thence to that depth
in Pamlico Sound 570,000
Completion of providing depth of ocean-bar channel,
mouth of Cape Fear River, at 35 feet and of depth
of river channel to Wilmington Harbor at 34 feet 1,443.000
Total $2,192,000
Pursuant to resolution of the Committee on Water Resources, Inlets
and Coastal Waterways, adopted by the Board of Conservation and
Development on July 3, 1956, the Division is arranging for presenta-tions,
to be made to the Chief of Engineers and the Federal Bureau of
the Budget, of North Carolina navigation and flood control projects
desired to be included in the budget of the President of the United
States for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1958.
The Director of the Department, acting for the Governor, in ac-cordance
with provisions of Public Law 534, 78th Congress, and
Public Law 732, 79th Congress, concurred in proposed reports of
the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, recommending the
deepening of channels and basin in the Morehead City Harbor
Project from 30 to 35 feet and improvement of about 15.2 miles
of stream channels and canals in Pantego Creek and Cucklers Creek
for flood control and major drainage, and urged that these projects
be constructed at the earliest practicable date. They were included
in the Fiscal Year 1957 Public Works Authorizations Act, which
was vetoed by the President. It is understood that this action was
taken because, although most of the projects included in the act
are worth-while and eligible for authorization, a considerable num-ber
of them were approved by the Public Works Committees of
the Senate and House of Representatives toward the end of the
session after inadequate consideration, some of which lack conomic
justification. The presentations, indicated in the preceding para-graph,
will express the regret of the State that the two North Caro-lina
projects have not been authorized because of the veto and,
consquently, cannot be included in the Fiscal Year 1958 Budget,
and the hope that initiation of construction of them will not be de-layed
more than one year.
Several meetings of representatives of the State Stream Sanita-tion
Committee, the Wildlife Resources Commission, the Department
51
of Conservation and Development, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, and the Charleston District, Corps of Engineers were held
during the first half of the calendar year 1956 to consider the de-sign
of the flood-control reservoir which has been authorized for
construction at a site on the Yadkin River about 6 miles upstream
from Wilkesboro. As a result of information furnished by State
agencies, it is understood that the definite project report on this
reservoir, forwarded to the Chief of Engineers, Department of the
Army, about the middle of June 1956, provides for three pools as
follows:
(a) A conservation pool, elevation—1,000 feet above mean sea
level, surface area—about 880 acres, and capacity—11,000 acre-feet,
with provision for draining this permanent pool when neces-sary
in the interest of fish management.
(b) A flow-regulation pool in the interest of abatement of stream
pollution, top elevation—1,020 feet, surface area—about 1,325
acres, and capacity—22,000 acre feet.
(c) A flood-control pool, top elevation—1,070 feet, surface area
—
about 3,700 acres, and capacity—112,000 acre feet.
It is further understood that care has been taken in the proposed
design of the reservoir to insure that the top elevation of the flood-control
pool will not back water up into Caldwell County.
It was stated, at a meeting of the Seven-Cities Water Committee
in Winston-Salem on May 28, 1956, that the Committee is consider-ing
construction of a water-supply reservoir on the Yadkin River
about 13 miles west of Winston-Salem, the height of which will be
determined by the approved height of the Wilkesboro Reservoir.
The 1957 Fiscal Year Appropriation Act includes funds in the
amount of $25,000 to initiate the detailed design of the Wilkesboro
Reservoir.
ABATEMENT OF STREAM POLLUTION
The Chief Engineer of the Division serves as an ex-officio mem-ber
of the State Stream Sanitation Committee, which, during the
1954-56 Biennium, has taken the following actions:
(a) Effectuation of final adoption and assignment of classifica-tions
to the waters of the Yadkin, White Oak, and Chowan River
Basins;
(b) Completion of field and laboratory studies for, and preparation
of comprehensive reports on, the Roanoke and French Broad River
Basins;
(c) Completion of field and laboratory studies for the Cape Fear
River Basin;
(d) Substantial completion of field and laboratory studies for the
Neuse River Basin; and
52
(e) Initiation of field and laboratory studies for the Catawba
River Basin.
It is expected that the Committee will take the following actions
during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1957:
(a) Effectuation of final adoption and assignment of classifica-tion
to the waters of the Rcancke River Basin by the end of the
calendar year 1956:
(b) Publication of the comprehensive report on the French Broad
River Basin by the end of the calendar year 1956, and holding of
public hearings thereon during the spring of the calendar year 1957;
(c) Publication of the comprehensive report on the Cape Fear
River Basin by the end of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1957; and
(d) Completion of field and laboratory studies for the Neuse River
Basin during the fall of the calendar year 1956.
The Chief Engineer of the Division serves as a member of the
Steering Committee, Roanoke River Studies, organized on May 24,
1955 for the purpose of effecting a long-range solution of the prob-lems
involved in provision of adequate flows in the Roanoke River
at Weldon to conserve the striped bass during their annual migration
from Albemarle Sound to their spawning grounds and return, abate-ment
of stream pollution in the Roanoke River below the Roanoke
Rapids Reservoir, and provision of water supplies suitable for muni-cipalities,
industries, and agriculturists. Members of this committee
include representatives of the State Stream Sanitation Committee,
the Wildlife Resources Commission, the Department of Conserva-tion
and Development, the U. S. Public Health Service, the U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, the
Southeastern Power Administration, Halifax Paper Company, Vir-ginia
Electric and Power Company, the general public, sport fish-ermen,
and commercial fishermen.
The Chief Engineer of the Division also serves as a member of
the Committee's Subcommittee for Operations and Special Com-mittee
on Water Economics and as Chairman of the Committee's
Task Force III. The Executive Secretary, State Stream Sanitation
Committee, and the Chief, Fish Division, Wildlife Resources Com-mission,
serve as Chairman, Task Force I and Task Force II, re-sectively.
Task Force I is responsible for determination of the quantity, na-ture
and pattern of discharges of pulp-mill wastes and municipal
sewage, evaluation of the resultant effects of these discharges upon
water quality in the river, determination of the influence of im-poundment
and flow releases upon the physical and chemical quali-ties
of the water, and determination of the influence of impound-ment
and flow releases upon suitability of the water as a waste di-lutant
and vehicle.
53
Task Force II is responsible for conduct of bioossay studies on
striped bass, determination of the survival of eggs and fry under
experimental dilution of pulp-mill wastes, and evaluation of other
species as indicator fish suitable for use at other seasons.
Task Force III is responsible for locating spawning areas, de-termining
survival, following growth and migrations, making hydro-graphic
and productivity studies, and assessing populations and
the impact of fish harvest upon them.
It is expected that performance of the functions of the three task
forces will lead to recommendations of flows required to prevent
deterioration of water quality, the quality and quantity of water
necessary to protect the striped bass, and fishing regulations and
habitat improvements needed to conserve the fishery.
It is further expected that the Committee will complete their
studies by the end of the calendar year 1958.
The Committee held meetings on July 7, 1955, November 29,
1955, and May 23, 1956. At the meeting on July 7, 1955, the Com-mittee
approved plans for operations of the three task forces and
adopted a recommended schedule of minimum flow requirements
in the Roanoke River at Weldon during the interim period between
initiation of the studies of the Committee and action by the Con-gress
of the United States on recommendations contained in the
Committee's report on their studies.
At the meeting on November 29, 1955, the Committee approved
the composition and responsibilities of their subcommittee for Oper-ations,
Field Representative, and Task Forces; received reports of
progress of the task forces since the meeting on July 7, 1955; and
approved the detailed plans, presented by the chairmen of the task
forces, for future activities pertaining to Lower Roanoke River
Studies.
The Subcommittee for Operations, at a meeting on November 30,
1955, approved, for recommendation to the Steering Committee,
types of reports considered necessary to record the work of all parti-cipants
in the studies. The Subcommittee for Operations, at meet-ings
on January 10 and 1 1, 1956, reaffirmed the flow recommenda-tions
adopted by the Steering Committee on July 7, 1955 and adopted
the following recommendations;
(a) That proper steps be taken to minimize deviation from the
recommended schedule.
(b) That, during the interim period of the studies, temporary
measures be taken in order to provide the flows recommended by
the Steering Committee.
(c) That action be taken to accomplish the recommendations in
the Joint Resolution of the 1955 Session of the General Assembly
54
of North Carolina pertaining to flows required to meet the needs of
the striped bass and the necessity for maintaining acceptable water-quality
standards.
At the meeting on May 24, 1956, the Committee received re-ports
of activities of the task forces since the meeting on November
26, 1956; heard statements of flows provided during the 1956
striped-bass-spawning season; heard statements indicating that this
season was generally successful; received and discussed a proposal
from Virginia Electric and Power Company as a basis for licensing
the Gaston Reservoir Project, presently under consideration by the
Federal Power Commission; and organized a special committee to
consider, and make recommendations to the Committee concerning,
matters pertaining to the generation of hydroelectric power by use
of water in the lower Roanoke River. This special committee con-sists
of one representative each of the Norfolk District, Corps of
Engineers (Chairman), Southeastern Power Administration, Virginia
Electric and Power Company, Wildlife Resources Commission, State
Stream Sanitation Committee, Department of Conservation and De-velopment,
U. S. Public Health Service, and Halifax Paper Company.
The Subcommittee for Operations, at a meeting on May 24, 1955,
discussed in detail the proposal of Virginia Electric and Power Com-pany,
which was referred to the Special Committee on Water Econo-mics
for consideration and recommendations; and discussed matters
pertaining to the activities of the task forces during the remainder
of the calendar year 1956.
55
Department Personnel
ADMINISTRATION
Wm. P. Saunders Director
J. Edgar Kirk Assistant Director
Evelyn G. Yelverton Administrative Assistant
Mrs. John C. Bogiey Accounting Clerk
W. Ray Bishop Auditor and Personnel Officer
Willa M. Bolton Accounting Clerk
Herman Hinton Janitor Messenger
Betty B. Hodge Stock Clerk
Eula Lincoln Accounting Clerk
Wade H. Lucas Public Information Officer
Harold McCloin Duplicating Machine Operator
Frances J. Parrish Stenographer Clerk
Susan K. Robertson , Typist Clerk
Dorothy P, Starling Accounting Clerk
Patricio J. Thaxton Clerk
Stewart B. Tucker, Jr Duplicating Machine Operator
DIVISION OF STATE ADVERTISING
Charles J. Parker State Advertising Director
Sylvia L. Alford Typist Clerk
A. Evelyn Covington Administrative Assistant
Helen B. Dowdy Stenographer Clerk
Mildred D. Fowler Typist Clerk
William E. Gulley Public Information Officer
Norma B. Moore Typist Clerk
Miriam G. Rabb Public Information Officer
Jean C. Richardson Stenographer Clerk
Mildred B. Turner Typist Clerk
DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
C. G. Holland Fisheries Commissioner
T. A. Bosnight Patrol Boot Captain
Walter E. Cullipher Patrol Boat Crewman
Tilton Davis Patrol Boat Captain
Lyeurgus C. Dickinson .....Patrol Boat Engineer
Charles C. Edwards Patrol Boat Crewman
Nolie G. Fulcher Inspector
Samuel A. Gerock Inspector
Glen L. Harris Inspector
Cage W. Hayman Patrol Boat Captain
F. E. Hopkins Law Enforcement Supervisor
Ralph L. Jones Inspector
Arvin L. Lewis Patrol Boat Crewman
Rosabell Longest Stenographer Clerk
Wiley T. Mason Patrol Boat Captain
Alton A. McLowhon Inspector
Willis G. Mobley Law Enforcement Supervisor
Cecil W. Phelps Building Custodian
T. M. Poperville Inspector
56
Daniel E. Sadler > Patrol Boat Engineer
Herbert Salter Patrol Boat Captain
Roma G. Salter Inspector
C. L. Sawyer Patrol Boat Captain
Joseph L. Simmons, Jr Inspector
Silas V. Sneeden Inspector
WaIter H . Stowe I nspector
Frank Taylor Inspector
Leon K. Thomas Law Enforcement Supervisor
John W. Ward Patrol Boat Crewman
Larry E. Warrington Inspector
Norman R. Webb Accounting Clerk
Carl P. White Inspector
Ruth R. Walker Stenographer Clerk
R. Clifton Wilson Inspector
David 0. Williams Patrol Boat Crewman
William R. Willis Patrol Boat Engineer
U. G. Wise Inspector
DIVISION OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY
Alfred H. Grant Industrial Devel. Administrator
Gerald F. Albright .. Industrial Devel. Representative
Alice E. Alderman Stenographer Clerk
Patricia T. Allen Stenographer Clerk
Cecil E. Bell Instrial Devel. Representative
Bertrum L. Branson, Jr Research Analyst
Audrey E. Brown Stenographer Clerk
William C. Guthrie industrial Devel. Representative
Walter W. Harper Industrial Devel. Representative
Edward E. Huffman Industrial Devel. Representative
Anne L. Johnson Stenographer Clerk
C. D. Kirkpatrick Industrial Devel. Representative
Gladys B. Merritt Stenographer Clerk
Edna I. Mewborn Stenographer Clerk
Elena G. Pope Stenographer Clerk
Herbert N. Robertson industrial Devel. Representative
Lois C. Sandlin Stenographer Clerk
DIVISION OF FORESTRY PERSONNEL
CENTRAL OFFICE:
F. H. Cloridge State Forester
P. W. Tillman Assistant State Forester in Charge of Fire Control
P. A. Griffiths Assistant State Forester in Charge of Nurseries & Management
Joyce Basden Stenographer Clerk
M. M. Carstarphen Forest Law Enforcement Officer
W. J. Clork Forester
O. C. Goodwi n Forester
Keith L. Gordon Radio Technician
H . J . Green Forester
Lyell E. Hicks Forester
James B. Hubbard Forester
Joyce E. Johnson Stenographer Clerk
William L. Johnson Carpenter Foreman
Annie L. Jones Stenographer Clerk
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Grace W. Prevost Accounting Clerk
Mildred G. Sadler Accounting Clerk
Bernard E. Sonford Radio Communication Engineer
Betsy H. Shearin Accounting Clerk
H. L. Terry Forester
Barbara J. Thomas Stenographer Clerk
Nancy W. Tilley Accounting Clerk
Carrie Lee Walters Accounting Clerk
Ralph C. Winkworh Forester
Mabel D. Young Stenographer Clerk
FIELD PERSONNEL—COUNTIES:
Guy W. Alexander Forest Ranger
Laster T. Baker Forest Ranger
Harvey C. Barron Forest Protection Towerman
B. Frank Batten Forest Ranger
Thurmon W. Bonnsr Forest Ranger
Henry C. Bottoms Forest Ranger
Frank H. Bryant Forest Ranger
J. Fred Bryson Forest Ranger
Edward R. Buckner Forester
Jodie J. Burgess Forest Protection Towerman
J. Ellis Byrd Forest Ranger
R. E. Caldwell Forest Ranger
Robert G. Carney Forester
James M. Costelloe Forest Fire Equipment Operator
James V. Costeen Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Roy H. Chambers Forest Ranger
James M. Chandler Forest Ranger
Adolphus B. Clark Forest Ranger
Joseph F. Clayton Forester
Simon B. Conley Forest Ranger
D. C. Critcher Forest Ranger
R. E. Cromer Forest Ranger
Robert B. Culbreth Forest Protection Towerman
R. C. Daniel Forest Ranger
S. F. Darden Forest Ranger
R. L. Davenport Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Wilbur F. Davis Forest Ranger
Dover J. Dean Forest Ranger
Raymond E. Denton Forest Ranger
Donald D. Dewey Forester
Lester L. Edwards ^ Forest Ranger
John C. English Forest Ranger
Charles Evans Forest Ranger
Archie C. Farrell Forest Ranger
W. B. Planner, Jr Forest Ranger
Edmund M. Foreman Forest Ranger
Arlie R. Foster Forest Ranger
Rober F. Freemon Forest Ranger
Homer H. Greshman Forester
58
Graham C. Harris Forest Ranger
Harold E. Hatchett Forest Ranger
Herbert E. Hathawoy, Jr Forest Ranger
Granville L. Hawkins Forest Ranger
Clifton Heath Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Frank T. Hemilright Forest Ranger
Robert B. Hendrix Forest Fire Equipment Operator
W. E. Herring Forest Ranger
J. C. Horton Forest Ranger
T, E. House Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Macon O. Howard Forest Fire Equipment Operotor
John L. Ives Forest Ranger
O. D. Jenkins Forest Ranger
Joe F. Johnson Forest Ranger
Jordan W. Johnson Forest Ranger
Kenneth D. Johnson Forest Ranger
John R. Jordan Forest Ranger
William H. King Forest Ranger
Robert H. Kinsey Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Jimmie E. Kirby Forest Fire Equipment Operator
William G. Lackey Forest Ranger
Marion B. Lane Forest Ranger
Joseph E. Lanier Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Harry L. Langston, Jr Forest Ranger
M. H. Leggett Forest Ranger
Guy M. Long Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Wesley H. Long Forest Fire Equipment Operator
William T. Lowrimore Forest Ranger
Monroe U. Marlowe Forest Ranger
D. L. Mercer Forest Ranger
James Milligan Forest Protection Towermon
W. Colvin Morris Forest Ranger
Kelly Morton Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Charles G. Motteler Forest Fire Equipment Operator
C. F. McBryde Forest Ranger
V. E. McCrimmon Forest Protection Towermon
W. G. McCrimmon Forest Fire Equipment Operator
B. E. McDaniel Forest Ranger
J. B. McDowell Forest Fire Equipment Operator
Edwin H