Incan Empire (1)

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Transcript of Incan Empire (1)

Incan Empire Kabihasnan sa Timog Amerika Inca Empire (Inka Empire) > largest empire in pre- Columbian America > administrative, political, and military center ay nasa Cusco ng ngayo'y mas kilala bilang Peru > ang sibilisasyon ng Inca ay nanggaling sa matataas na lugar sa Peru noong 13th century > maraming pamamaraan ng pagsamba ngunit ang mga pinuno ng imperyo ay naghikayat sa buong imperyo na sambahin si Inti, ang diyos ng araw> ikinokonsidera ng mga Inca na ang kanilang hari, si Sapa Inca, ay anak ni Inti Official Language >Quechua >maraming dayalekto at linggwaheng Quechua Tawantinsuyu ang tawag nila sa kanilang empire na nangangahulugang The Four Regions o The Four United Province Etymology >tawa= apat; ntin= grupo; suyu= probinsiya/ rehiyon > ang imperyo ay nahahati sa apat na suyu o probinsiya kung saan ang mga corners ay nagsasalubong sa Cusco> Inka= tagapamuno, lord, tawag sa namumunong pamilya o emerador ng imperyo Relihiyon Origin Incan oral history mentions three possible places of origin of their people. Three caves near Pacariqtambo (a place 33 km (21 mi) away from Cuzco), Lake Titicaca, or a place known as Tambo. Pacariqtambo, which means "the dawn tavern" or "the place of origin", was a place of three caves. The center cave, Tambo Tocco, was named for Capac Tocco. The other caves were Maras Tocco and Sutic Tocco. Four brothers and four sisters stepped out of the middle cave. They were: Ayar Manco, Ayar Cachi, Ayar Auca, Ayar Uchu, and Mama Ocllo, Mama Raua, Mama Huaca, Mama Cora. Out of the side caves came the people who were to be the ancestors of all the clans of the Inca people. Heograpiya Ayar Manco carried a staff made of the finest gold. Where this staff landed, the people would all live there. They travelled for a very, very long time. On the way, Ayar Cachi went too far boasting about his great strength and power, and his siblings tricked him into returning to the cave to get a sacred llama. When he went into the cave, they trapped him inside. Ayar Uchu decided to stay somewhere on the top to look over the Incan people. The minute he proclaimed that, he turned to stone. They built a shrine around the stone and it became a sacred object. Ayar Auca also grew tired of all these and decide to travel alone. Only Ayar Manco and his four sisters remained. Finally, they reached Cuzco. The staff sank into the ground. Before they reached here, Mama Ocllo had already bore Ayar Manco a child, Sinchi Roca. The people who were already living in the valley fought hard to keep their land, but Mama Huaca was a good fighter. When the enemy attacked, she threw her bolas—several stones tied together that spun through the air when thrown—at a soldier, or gualla, and killed him instantly. Mama Huaca ripped out his lungs and squeezed them until they exploded. The other people were so scared, they ran away. After that, Ayar Manco became known as Manco Cápac, the founder of the Inca. It is said that he and his sisters built the first Inca homes in the valley with their own hands. When the time came, Manco Cápac turned to stone like his brothers before him. His son, Sinchi Roca, became the second emperor of the Inca. Kabihasnan sa Timog America: Incan Empire Four Suyus of the Empire > Chinchay Suyu (NW)> Anti Suyu (NE)> Kunti Suyu (SW)> Qulla Suyu (SE) Laws >walang kodigo > may legal na pwersang tinatawag na tokoyrikoq na nangangahulugang "he who sees all" o mga inspektor para sa mga heretic Economy > high degree of central planning > traditional na ekonomiya kung sean ang mga lalaking pinuno ng panilya ay kinakailangang magbayad ng buwis sa pamamagitan ng palay, textiles, at maging pagiging parte ng hukbong militar at mit'a corvee (mandatory publis service) > may sistemang barter> bilang ganti, ang gobyerno ay nagbibigay ng seguridad at ng pagkain tuwing tag gutom> umaasa sa vertical archipelago at sa pundasyong kultural ng ayni, o reciprocal exchange Ideolohiya Sapa Inca - pinuno ng gawaing pangrelihiyon - descendant ni Inti - ipinapakasala ang mga magkakapatid na babae at lalaki dahil sa dugong imperial o dahil sa paging in tip churn (children of the sun)- tinawag ang geographical center na "the navel of the universe" Willaq-Umu -pangalawang emperador - chief priest Oracle - pagbabasa ng hinaharap at nagaganap sa mga buto ng hayop at mga bagay - ginagamit sa Pachacamac sa Peruvian coast