With U.S. Looking Other Way, Asia Goes Its Own Way : Bloc: Malaysia suggests forming an economic system without America, paving the way for Japan to dominate the Pacific region.

February 17, 1991|Joel Kotkin | Joel Kotkin is an international fellow at Pepperdine University School of Business and Management and a senior fellow at the Center for the New West

TOKYO — During the past year, U.S. attention has principally focused on the economic integration of Western Europe, the collapse of the Soviet empire and now the Persian Gulf War. However deserving, these preoccupations may also be contributing to a critical loss of U.S. influence in the Asia-Pacific theater, a region whose long-term potential for the United States outweighs that of both the Middle East and Europe.

Perhaps the most chilling sign of this possible loss was a recent proposal by Malaysian officials for a new Pacific economic bloc that would exclude the United States, Canada and Australia. The suggestion, if realized, would effectively hand over the world's fastest-growing and most populous region to Japanese domination.

The plan's architect, Lim Kang Yaik, Malaysia's minister of primary industries, envisions his new Pacific bloc--most of East Asia--as an alternative to the European Economic Community and the proposed U.S.-Canada-Mexico free-trade zone. With North America and Australia on the economic sidelines, such a bloc would clearly be dominated by Japan, whose economy is almost twice as large as the rest of the Asia-Pacific region combined. Japanese officials have so far politely rejected the idea.

Still, the notion of Japan as the focal point and natural "leader" of Asia is prominent in the writings of such modern-day nationalists as Shintaro Ishihara, author of "A Japan That Can Say No." It also enjoys strong support among industrialists with close ties to Asian countries.

This role, rarely talked about in polite public discourse, becomes more menacing when Japan's increasing dominance of both investment and trade flows within the Asia-Pacific region is considered. During the past few years, Japan's export trade with the other capitalist Asian nations has overtaken that with Europe. From affluent Taipei to impoverished rural Thailand, Japanese-made appliances, computers and, increasingly, automobiles dominate the marketplace--often without serious challenge from U.S. or European companies.

Japan's rush into the Asian markets will likely accelerate. Japanese investments in the region are three times greater than those of the United States, and increasing at a far faster rate. In rapidly growing, oil-rich Indonesia, Japanese direct investment outpaces that of the United States and Europe combined.

By contrast, U.S. and European business investors, particularly since the collapse of Eastern Europe and the approach of West Europe's economic integration in 1992, are hapless. During the first half of 1990, for example, Europe consumed almost half of all U.S. manufacturing investments, two times the number in Asia.

The feeling of abandonment among Asians is particularly marked in Hong Kong--the Japanese now account for more new manufacturing investments than the Americans, long the colony's leading supplier of industrial capital. "It seems that Europe and America are abandoning us to save Eastern Europe and get ready for 1992," lamented one top Hong Kong trade official. "You are leaving us to the Japanese."

Tragically, the Japanese Asian strategy may well reflect economic reality far more than the current U.S. enthusiasm for Europe's long-term prospects. Despite a brief uptick in 1989 and 1990, European growth rates, including Germany's, during the '80s have been less than half that of the Asian nations.

Nor is there any reason to expect the Asian trend to diminish in the next decade. The economies of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, once seen as the bright new markets of the future, are now on the verge of collapse, with heavy debt loads and horrific infrastructural, ethnic and environmental problems. Even Germany's short-term future now seems less imposing, as problems with the absorption of the former East Germany continue to mount. Perhaps even more important, the continent's aging demographics point to a gradual decline both in Western Europe's consumer base and work force.

Asia's future as the focal point of the 21st Century world economy rests upon something more than hype. With a population that accounts for roughly half of humanity, its overseas trade already exceeds that of Europe and is growing far more rapidly. At the same time, both its work force and consumer base are expanding at an impressive rate, particularly in such countries as Malaysia, Thailand, Taiwan, Indonesia and Korea.

The emerging Asian countries are also beginning to outpace Europe in many critical technological industries. Taiwan, for instance, already produces more personal computers than any European state. Together, the newly industrializing Asian countries account for a full quarter of world PC production. These countries will also invest more this year in semiconductor plants and equipment than the Europeans, while production should soon start outpacing the old continent.