Benzene (C6H6) is the most basic type of aromatic hydrocarbon.
Some field specialists may call it "benzol" instead, with a more German flavor.
"Benzine" and "benzene" are homophones, but they represent completely different substances.
As a functional group, benzene is called a "phenyl group".
Phenyl groups are usually abbreviated as "Ph".
An aromatic hydrocarbon functional group is called an "aryl group",
both the phenyl group and the naphthalene group belong to the aryl group.
In benzene, six carbon atoms are arranged in a tortoise shell shape (hexagon),
and each carbon takes on sp2 hybridization for its electron orbitals.
In resonance, benzene's carbon atoms appear to alternate between double and single bonds,
but in reality, the π electrons are delocalized and do not belong to any specific bond.
Moreover, all bonds in a benzene molecule are equivalent and do not vary according to resonance.
To emphasize the delocalization of the electrons,
it's often to draw a benzene ring as a hexagon with a circle enclosed inside.
Benzene is a basic substance in the chemical industry represented by petrochemistry,
and the following four chemicals, similar in structure and properties,
benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, are often called by their initial letters "BTEX".