Globalization:
Transnationals decr nat'l loyalty
Incr privtzatn those who can opt out
values from global media
Decr in other knowledge sources (social-friends, etc.)
We're all in front of computers
isolating

On Democracy & Econ dev:
EAsia: suspension of dem for dev
Part in PubAffairs not corr with GNP
Need to deconstruct "national" identity (by language 200 Cos become 5000)

Becker
Family Economics and Macro Behavior

Family Economics
Capital is spent on child rearing, personal consumption, transfer to children
Social Sec sys decr demand for children
HC stock in US is 50-90%
intergenerational transfers of wealth:
poor underinvest in children (large families, unstable marriages, no bequests)
Rich invest in children(small family, bequests)
poverty persists b/c lack of bequests
Regression to the mean: poor earn more than previous gen, rich earn less

Four norms (USAI) give psychological capacity to function & occupy social position
Universality: everyone judged by same standard
Specificity: grouped for comparison
Achievement: judged according to performance, not intention
Independence: you are accountable for own actions

Geographic dualism
Base for dependency, but focuses only on limits of neo-classical
Core/periphery is international and intranational
Multiplier effects remain local
Migratory, capital and trade flows exacerbate inequality

Islamic culture is seen as monolithic and static, global flows originate in West
Islamic cultural flows have been rendered invisible within the world system.
Globalization is homogenizing Islamic customs
As villagers migrate to cities or to Saudi Arabia, fundamentalism trickles down
New understandings of what it is to be Sudanese, Arab, Muslim
Women as ultimate consumers (no access to own capital, get through male family)
Islam is associated with West, not opposed to it
Tradition is constantly reinvented

Bernal (1997) rural Sudan
Heirarchical Tensions:

Formal schooling privileged over local knowledge
Scripturalist over local practice
Arab over African
Men over women

Institutionalization/Professionalization no longer cultural but scientific
Regimes of truth (UN/lending orgs)
Discursive practice: who can speak, from what point of view, etc.
Homogenization
Othering (Bhaba, 1990) for discrimination, inferiority
Indigenous need to be modernized, women become invisible as producers