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How to Make Bread

Making bread from scratch is one of my most favourite baking things in the world. It’s an all or nothing kind of activity – you’re either pounding away at the dough or you’re letting the yeast or the oven do its magical thing while you recover from your kneading exertions.

I think it’s the frantic activity that puts a lot of people off, or the (sometimes) temperamental nature of yeast. Plus the actual time it takes with all the proving stages. But the aroma that fills the house while the bread is baking is one of THE finest smells ever to grace my nose.

So let’s talk about the ingredients and why they’re there.

Flour – STRONG flour. All wheat flour contains gluten and it’s the stretching of these gluten strands that you do during all that kneading that ‘develops’ the gluten making it become elastic, allowing the moisture to expand the dough and form air pockets that gives the bread that open texture rather than the solid texture of pastry. Strong flour has a higher gluten content than plain flour.

Salt – because flavour. That’s it. However, too much salt will kill the yeast and your bread will not rise no matter how long you leave it to prove.

Sugar – yeast kneads (sorry I HAD to, please don’t stop reading) 3 things for it to go from being just the powdery stuff in a packet (or the weird cakey stuff if you’re lucky enough to get your hands on fresh yeast!) to the thing that makes your dough into bread and not just a house brick that even the birds won’t eat – warmth, moisture and food (could be talking about Phil here too). Sugar provides the yeast with the food – it’s kind of like an alarm clock to the yeast. If the yeast relied solely on the flour for food it would have to break down the starch in the flour into sugar. Giving the yeast actual sugar makes it get up and get on with it all the more sooner.

Pretty sure I was yeast in a former life.

Liquid – usually milk or water which should be tepid. This means heated to blood temperature – while you’re heating put your finger in the liquid if it feels neither hot nor cold (in fact you can’t even tell your finger is in the liquid!) then it’s just right. Too cold and it will take even longer for your yeast to activate and start its proving thing. Too hot and you’re in danger of killing the yeast. And we’re back to inedible bricks again.

Extras – these can be anything from oats and butter to fruit, nuts, vegetables and more and are sometimes added after the dough is made and even after the first prove … like these Teacakes

Ready to go?

Get your yeast off and running by adding it to your tepid liquid along with whatever sweetener you’re using (here we’re using honey rather than sugar) and giving it a quick whisk. If you’re using fresh yeast simply crumble it into the liquid and rub it between your thumb and fingers till it becomes creamy and blends into the liquid. Leave it to stand for 10-15 minutes until it becomes foamy on top.

Next stir in the dry ingredients and any extras like the melted butter we’re using here, then mix together till a dough starts to form.

Next tip the whole lot onto your work surface and start kneading. You want to try and literally stretch the dough, holding one end with one hand and stretching the dough away from you with the other. You’ll need to do this with some vigour for at the very least 5 minutes but a good 10 minutes will give you an even better finished texture. And unless you’re a weights fanatic at the gym and have exceptionally well developed biceps this is quite hard work. If it’s not hard work you’re not doing it right and need to step up the pace *cracks whip* 😉

Then you put it back into your bowl (that you’ve given a light coating of olive oil to), cover with a clean cloth and leave in a warm place until the dough has roughly doubled in size. How long this will take totally depends on how warm your house is where you leave it. If you have the oven on anyway, near there is great. If you have a sunny window and enough space to fit your bowl that’s great too! Generally I find in normal ambient temperature it takes around an hour to an hour and a half. Just keep an eye on it and once it’s doubled in size you can start phase 2 of the kneading/proving process. If you forget about it and the dough overproves your bread will most likely sink upon baking .. boooo 🙁 Like I said, just keep an eye on it.

Phase 2 is where you shape your dough into whatever it’s going to be once baked – loaves, individual rolls, pizza base and so on. So, start by tipping it out of the bowl onto your work surface. Kneading and proving for a second time results in a smaller crumb and helps prevent those huge gaping air pockets in your cooked bread.

You don’t need to knead (again, sorry) quite so vigorously the second time though, just knock all the air out of your dough, shape, put on your tray/in your tin and leave to prove back under the clean t-towel again until roughly doubled in size.

Once you put the bread in the oven the yeast will get a surge of heat, giving it a final shove in proving and will then be killed (I’m starting to feel like I’m writing a horror novel here with the amount of times I’ve written killed!) So you want to make sure your 2nd prove dough is as close to the final size you want as possible before baking.

To test if your bread is cooked through simply carefully lift it up and tap the bottom – it should make a hollow sound. If you find the top is colouring too dark before your bread is baked (this is sometimes a hazard when cooking larger loaves) simply reduce the temperature and cook until the tapping becomes hollow.