Posted!

A link has been posted to your Facebook feed.

Buy Photo

A visitor to Overton Park pushes a stroller to her car in the Memphis Zoo's overflow parking in 2013. The field, now known far and wide as the greensward, has become a battleground and the subject of tense public, private and social media gatherings. Brandon Dill / Special to The Commercial Appeal

July 19, 2016 - Community activist Mary Wilder claps while sitting next to fellow Greensward supporters: former senator Beverly Marrero, left, and Emily Carothers, right, during a City Council meeting on Tuesday. Members of the City Council voted unanimously for a plan to end parking on the Overton Park greensward. (Yalonda M. James/The Commercial Appeal) Yalonda M. James, The Commercial Appeal

March 5, 2016 - Eric Gottlieb (right) talks to MPD officers at the scene as a group of protesters gather on the Greensward Saturday in opposition of a City Council decision this week to turn the Greensward over to the Memphis Zoo for parking. Overflow parking took over a quarter of the Greensward, a typical turn out for a warm Saturday.(Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber, Jim Weber

May 30, 2016 - Maureen Spain is arrested by Memphis officers during an act of civil disobedience at Overton Park. A crowd of protesters gathered in opposition to the continued use of the Greensward by the Memphis Zoo for overflow parking where two people were arrested. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal) Jim Weber, Jim Weber

January 16, 2016 - Participants plant new trees during the "Take Back Our Greensward!" demonstration at Overton Park. Hosted by Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, the event featured a New Orleans-style jazz "funeral," held for dozens of trees removed from the Overton Park Greensward by the Memphis Zoo, which uses the lawn for overflow parking. More than one hundred people attended the event, marching to the music of The Mighty Souls Brass Band, and replanting three new trees where the others were removed. (Brandon Dill/Special to The Commercial Appeal) Brandon Dill

March 26, 2016 - Bill Stegall offers himself up to be arrested Saturday afternoon as Memphis Police try to work with demonstrators on the Greensward to try to keep from having to make any arrests while a large crowd gathers to protest parking in Overton Park. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal) Jim Weber, Jim Weber

January 16, 2016 - The Mighty Souls Brass Band leads a procession of participants during the "Take Back Our Greensward!" demonstration at Overton Park. Hosted by Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, the event featured a New Orleans-style jazz funeral held for dozens of trees removed from the Overton Park Greensward by the Memphis Zoo, which uses the lawn for overflow parking. More than one hundred people attended the event, marching to the music, and replanting three new trees where the others were removed. (Brandon Dill/Special to The Commercial Appeal) Brandon Dill

March 1, 2016 - Concerned citizen Sam Warren, center, attends the Memphis City Council meeting to show his concern over the future of the Overton Park Greensward. (Nikki Boertman/The Commercial Appeal) Nikki Boertman, The Commercial Appeal

April 5, 2016 - Zoo goers cross the busy intersection at McLean and Galloway on the first free Zoo day in April. Memphis Mayor Jim Strickland announced that city crews will add 200 parking spaces along part of North Parkway, closing the southern lane close to the zoo, and the Memphis Zoo has agreed to reconfigure its parking lot to add 50 to 125 new spaces. The 325 additional parking spaces will relieve parking on the Overton Park greensward. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber, Jim Weber

July 19, 2016 - Caipora, the Memphis Zoo's spotted jaguar watched visitors drifting by on a hot slow day in the Zoo's Cat Country exhibit. After a compromise was reached between the Overton Park Conservancy and the Memphis Zoo, The Memphis City Council could vote today to resolve the Overton Park greensward crisis. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber

April 9, 2016 - Protesters gather along a barrier erected through the Overton Park Greeensward to seperate protesters from parkers as a parking attendant with the zoo (left) prepares to roll their overflow parking into the field Saturday morning. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber, Jim Weber

May 4, 2016 - Crews work to restripe North Parkway to include parking spaces as well as bike lanes on the east and westbound lanes. Memphis Mayor Jim Strickland announced last week that the city and the Memphis Zoo will create up to 325 new parking spaces near Overton Park, giving the zoo more than half the spaces it needs to stop parking in the greensward.
(Brad Vest/The Commercial Appeal) (Brad Vest/The Commercial Appeal, (Brad Vest/The Commercial Appeal

March 5, 2016 - Matthew Montgomery, 8, leaps parking cones as a group of protesters gather on the Greensward Saturday in opposition of a City Council decision this week to turn the Greensward over to the Memphis Zoo for parking. Overflow parking took over a quarter of the Greensward, a typical turn out for a warm Saturday.(Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber, Jim Weber

March 26, 2016 - Memphis Police try to work with demonstrators on the Greensward Saturday afternoon to try to keep from having to make any arrests while a large crowd gathers to protest parking in Overton Park. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal) Jim Weber, Jim Weber

March 1, 2016 - Concerned citizens stand to show their numbers to the Memphis City Council as the council listens to public comment before they vote on a resolution regarding the future of the Overton Park Greensward. (Nikki Boertman/The Commercial Appeal) Nikki Boertman, The Commercial Appeal

May 24 2014 - Memphis Zoo goers make their way towards the zoo entrance after parking on the green space of Overton Park.(William DeShazer/The Commercial Appeal) William DeShazer, The Commercial Appeal

February 3, 2016 - Rain fills a puddle in an eroded section of the Greensward in Overton Park where the Memphis Zoo has parked traffic on busy days. The heavy use is taking a toll on the North Side of the Greensward a dirt road now fades into the grassy area. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber

February 3, 2016 - A park goer reads near the line of parked cars on the Greensward in Overton Park Saturday afternoon where the Memphis Zoo has allowed traffic to overflow on busy days. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal) Jim Weber

March 1, 2016 - Concerned citizens attend the Memphis City Council meeting to voice their concerns over the future of the Overton Park Greensward. (Nikki Boertman/The Commercial Appeal) Nikki Boertman, The Commercial Appeal

March 1, 2016 - Madeline Lareau holds a handmade sign in support of the preservation of the Overton Park Greensward as the Memphis City Council listens to concerned citizens voice their concerns over the future of the Overton Park Greensward. (Nikki Boertman/The Commercial Appeal) Nikki Boertman, The Commercial Appeal

March 2, 2016 - Brittany Cooper of Midtown plays with her dog, Abbey, at Rainbow Lake in Overton Park Wednesday. "We come to the park everyday," Cooper said. "This is one of the most important parts of Midtown, not just for us, but for our friends and our family as well." The Memphis City Council has voted to give greenward control to Memphis Zoo. A resolution was amended by District 5 council member Worth Morgan to remove the playground and nearby Rainbow Lake from the zoo's control. "It's a neat thing the community is coming together to fight this," Cooper stated. (Yalonda M. James/The Commercial Appeal) Yalonda M. James, The Commercial Appeal

March 5, 2016 - Harry Ortkiese,4, crowns Kay Pattat with one of the parking cones as a group of protesters gather on the Greensward Saturday in opposition of a City Council decision this week to turn the Greensward over to the Memphis Zoo for parking. Overflow parking took over a quarter of the Greensward, a typical turn out for a warm Saturday.(Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber

January 16, 2016 - Participants plant new trees during the "Take Back Our Greensward!" demonstration at Overton Park. Hosted by Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, the event featured a New Orleans-style jazz "funeral," held for dozens of trees removed from the Overton Park Greensward by the Memphis Zoo, which uses the lawn for overflow parking. More than one hundred people attended the event, marching to the music of The Mighty Souls Brass Band, and replanting three new trees where the others were removed. (Brandon Dill/Special to The Commercial Appeal) Brandon Dill

February 28, 2016 - On the final Sunday of February I was in Overton Park where the Greensward was packed with people enjoying the lovely weather. I witnessed Michael Belue and his 11-year-old daughter Poppy sprawled out enjoying the green space, then the gate opened. In about 20 minutes they went from relaxing in a park to being surrounded by a parking lot as a steady stream of cars and a cloud of dirt flowed past them. Two days later the Memphis City Council, in a shady and short-sighted move quickly ceded control of even more of our historic park to the zoo. We have a first-class zoo with lovely facilities and an exceptional and dedicated keeper staff. It's too bad I can't say the same of the board or executive staff who have left me scratching my head time and again over the past few years with the handling of their parking problem. I love our zoo and have been a member for nearly a decade, but my family's membership will no longer be renewed until the zoo's leadership shows the citizens of Memphis and our park the respect we deserve. I hope that happens sooner than later. (Mike Brown/The Commercial Appeal) MIKE BROWN, The Commercial Appeal

March 23, 2016 - Annie Hulett is given a dandelion by her one-year-old daughter Beatrice while they stroll across the Greensward at Overton Park Wednesday morning as it begins to fill up with overflow parking from the Memphis Zoo. Hulett said that she would normally be spending spring break with her family at the zoo, but despite having an active membership is boycotting until the parking issue is resolved. (Mike Brown/The Commercial Appeal) MIKE BROWN, The Commercial Appeal

July 1, 2016 - A woman walks through the parking lot at the city of Memphis general services facility on East Parkway. Memphis mayor Jim Strickland announced today a plan to resolve the ongoing dispute over usage of the grassy area at Overton Park, commonly known as the Greensward, as overflow parking for the Memphis Zoo. The plan includes the construction of a new parking lot at the general services location. (Brandon Dill/Special to The Commercial Appeal) Brandon Dill

March 23, 2016 - A Memphis Zoo employee who declined to be identified helps direct traffic across the Greensward as park users pass behind him. The overflow parking now extends the south end of Rainbow Lake. (Mike Brown/The Commercial Appeal) MIKE BROWN, The Commercial Appeal

March 23, 2016 - Rogerio Lima measures from the edge of the zoo overflow parking on the Greensward in Overton Park to make sure he has enough space for a soccer exhibition during the Latino Memphis Festival that will take place on May 7. (Mike Brown/The Commercial Appeal) MIKE BROWN, The Commercial Appeal

March 26, 2016 - Memphis Police try to work with demonstrators on the Greensward Saturday afternoon to try to keep from having to make any arrests while a large crowd gathers to protest parking in Overton Park. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal) Jim Weber, Jim Weber

April 5, 2016 - Laura Lanier with the Free Parking Brigade waves to passing cars at the intersection of McLean and Galloway to help direct Memphis Zoo traffic away from Overton Park on the first free Zoo day in April. A parking study by the Overton Park Conservancy outloines several alternative to Greensward parking including the creation of a parking lane on Galloway. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber, Jim Weber

April 5, 2016 - Susan Tulino with the Free Parking Brigade posts signs at the intersection of McLean and Galloway to help direct Memphis Zoo traffic away from Overton Park on the first free Zoo day in April. A parking study by the Overton Park Conservancy outloines several alternative to Greensward parking including the creation of a parking lane on Galloway. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber, Jim Weber

April 5, 2016 - Laura Lanier with the Free Parking Brigade passes out stickers to Zoo goers who parked in the neighborhood nearby on the first free Zoo day in April. A parking study by the Overton Park Conservancy outloines several alternative to Greensward parking including the creation of a parking lane on Galloway. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber, Jim Weber

April 5, 2016 - Susan Tulino with the Free Parking Brigade posts signs at the intersection of McLean and Galloway to help direct Memphis Zoo traffic away from Overton Park on the first free Zoo day in April. A parking study by the Overton Park Conservancy outloines several alternative to Greensward parking including the creation of a parking lane on Galloway. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber, Jim Weber

May 4, 2016 - Riley Taylor, 5, from Fayette County, follows fish around in the hippo enclosure at the Memphis Zoo's new Zambezi River Hippo Camp. Memphis Mayor Jim Strickland announced last week that the city and the Memphis Zoo will create up to 325 new parking spaces near Overton Park, giving the zoo more than half the spaces it needs to stop parking in the greensward.
(Brad Vest/The Commercial Appeal) (Brad Vest/The Commercial Appeal, (Brad Vest/The Commercial Appeal

May 17, 2016 - Abigail Gill, 11, Audrey McDonnell, 12, and Sophie Chertow, 13, show their support for the Greensward during the Memphis City Council Meeting. (Nikki Boertman/The Commercial Appeal) Nikki Boertman, The Commercial Appeal

May 30, 2016 - Maureen Spain and her two sons Calvin Whitt (left) and Gus Whitt (front row) sit with fellow demonstrator Ceylon Mooney during an act of civil disobedience blocking the Greensward parking area at Overton Park. A crowd of protesters gathered in opposition to the continued use of the Greensward by the Memphis Zoo parking where two people were eventually arrested. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber, Jim Weber

May 30, 2016 - Maureen Spain is arrested by Memphis officers during an act of civil disobedience at Overton Park. A crowd of protesters gathered in opposition to the continued use of the Greensward by the Memphis Zoo for overflow parking where two people were arrested. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber, Jim Weber

May 30, 2016 - Maureen Spain and her two sons Calvin Whitt (left) and Gus Whitt (front row) sit with fellow demonstrator Ceylon Mooney during an act of civil disobedience blocking the Greensward parking area at Overton Park. A crowd of protesters gathered in opposition to the continued use of the Greensward by the Memphis Zoo parking where two people were eventually arrested. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber, Jim Weber

May 30, 2016 - Major Anthony W. Rudolph (center) issues a final warning to protesters on the Greensward near the Memphis Zoo Parking lot during an act of civil disobedience at Overton Park. A crowd of protesters gathered in opposition to the continued use of the Greensward by the Memphis Zoo for overflow parking where two people were arrested. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber, Jim Weber

May 30, 2016 - Fergus Nolan is arrested by Memphis officers during an act of civil disobedience at Overton Park. A crowd of protesters gathered in opposition to the continued use of the Greensward by the Memphis Zoo for overflow parking which eventually led to the arrest of two people. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber, Jim Weber

June 30, 2016 - A police sky-cam stands watch on Thursday in the Greensward in Overton Park. An announcement by Mayor Jim Strickland to resolve the Memphis Zoo's parking problems and prevent further use of the Overton Park greensward for overflow parking is expected Thursday or Friday at the latest. The zoo and greensward activists and representatives for the park have evidently been unable to reach an agreement through mediation, so the mayor is expected to split the baby in some fashion. (Stan Carroll/The Commercial Appeal)
Stan Carroll, The Commercial Appeal

June 30, 2016 - Parking is not an issue for this cyclist visiting Overton Park on Thursday morning. An announcement by Mayor Jim Strickland to resolve the Memphis Zoo's parking problems and prevent further use of the Overton Park greensward for overflow parking is expected Thursday or Friday at the latest. The zoo and greensward activists and representatives for the park have evidently been unable to reach an agreement through mediation, so the mayor is expected to split the baby in some fashion. (Stan Carroll/The Commercial Appeal)
Stan Carroll, The Commercial Appeal

July 1, 2016 - A "Save the Greensward" sign is posted near the WWI memorial at Overton Park. Memphis mayor Jim Strickland announced today a plan to resolve the ongoing dispute over usage of the grassy area at Overton Park, commonly known as the Greensward, as overflow parking for the Memphis Zoo. (Brandon Dill/Special to The Commercial Appeal) Brandon Dill

July 1, 2016 - Visitor parking spaces sit empty at the city of Memphis general services facility on East Parkway. Memphis mayor Jim Strickland announced today a plan to resolve the ongoing dispute over usage of the grassy area at Overton Park, commonly known as the Greensward, as overflow parking for the Memphis Zoo. The plan includes the construction of a new parking lot at the general services location. (Brandon Dill/Special to The Commercial Appeal) Brandon Dill

January 16, 2016 - Roy Barnes (front) carries a tree as he and other members of Citizens To Preserve Overton Park lead a New Orleans-style jazz "funeral" procession with music from The Mighty Souls Brass Band during the "Take Back Our Greensward!" demonstration at Overton Park. Hosted by CPOP, the observance was held in response to the removal of dozens of from the Overton Park Greensward by the Memphis Zoo, which uses the lawn for overflow parking. More than one hundred people attended the event, marching to the music, and replanting three new trees where the others were removed. (Brandon Dill/Special to The Commercial Appeal) JOHN R. FULTON Jr.

July 2 , 2016 - Larry Smith puts up banners on the Greensward outside of parking barricades erected by the Memphis Zoo. After a failed mediation attempt, the plan announced by Mayor Jim Strickland via Facebook Friday is already generating a reaction from the Save-the-Greensward crowd and the people who back the Zoo’s position to have patrons park on the Greensward. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal) Jim Weber

July 5, 2016 - Save the Greensward supporter Vincent Pellicciotti, 19, sits in a corner of City Hall with a sign as he waits on an ordinance designating and approving various uses for Overton Park during a City of Memphis Council meeting on Tuesday. He came to the meeting to "show support for a cause I believe is right," Pellicciotti said. (Yalonda M. James/The Commercial Appeal) Yalonda M. James, The Commercial Appeal

July 5, 2016 - Save the Greensward supporter Katherine Blalock holds a Kermit the Frog doll in City Hall while people tell City Council members the Memphis Zoo doesn't need Overton Park's green space for parking during a City of Memphis Council meeting on Tuesday. (Yalonda M. James/The Commercial Appeal) Yalonda M. James, The Commercial Appeal

July 5, 2016 - Save the Greensward supporter Katherine Blalock holds a Kermit the Frog doll in City Hall while people tell City Council members the Memphis Zoo doesn't need Overton Park's green space for parking during a City of Memphis Council meeting on Tuesday. (Yalonda M. James/The Commercial Appeal) Yalonda M. James, The Commercial Appeal

July 19, 2016 - Peggy Askew, third from left, watches the City Council meeting unfold with fellow Memphis Zoo supporters on Tuesday. Members of the City Council voted unanimously for a plan to end parking on the Overton Park greensward, perhaps resolving a decades-long controversy over the zoo using the greensward for overflow parking. (Yalonda M. James/The Commercial Appeal) Yalonda M. James, The Commercial Appeal

July 19, 2016 - Worth Morgan speaks during a City Council meeting where fellow City Council members voted unanimously for a plan to end parking on the Overton Park greensward. (Yalonda M. James/The Commercial Appeal) Yalonda M. James, The Commercial Appeal

July 19, 2016 - Orissa, the Memphis Zoo's white Bengal tiger takes a dip to keep cool in the Zoo’s Cat Country exhibit. After a compromise was reached between the Overton Park Conservancy and the Memphis Zoo, The Memphis City Council could vote today to resolve the Overton Park greensward crisis. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber

July 19, 2016 - Davanee Farley (center) gets a tickle from the stingrays while feeding them in Stingray Bay with her mother Annastacia Farley (right) and her brother Alex Farley during a summer trip to the Memphis Zoo. After a compromise was reached between the Overton Park Conservancy and the Memphis Zoo, The Memphis City Council could vote today to resolve the Overton Park greensward crisis. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
Jim Weber, Jim Weber

Memphis Police Department Director Michael Rallings appeared as a witness in the federal ACLU trial Tuesday, saying that for a long time, he had little knowledge of the 1978 consent decree against political surveillance that’s at the center of the legal controversy.

“Prior to the lawsuit, I had a vague knowledge of the consent decree,” said Rallings.

The city government in 1978 had reached a formal legal agreement, or consent decree, with a local branch of the American Civil Liberties Union not to gather intelligence on non-criminals.

Answering questions from ACLU attorney Thomas H. Castelli, Rallings said he wasn't sure what the police department teaches new police recruits about the 1978 decree.

He said he wasn't aware of any ongoing training given to existing officers about the decree, and he said he couldn’t remember receiving training in the consent decree himself.

Rallings joined the police department in 1990, became interim police director in early 2016 and officially became police director in August 2016.

He said information about political surveillance and the 1978 consent decree is made available to police. The city has said this information is on a kiosk system available to all officers.

The ACLU of Tennessee says MPD has used social media monitoring, undercover officers and other tactics to monitor activists with Black Lives Matter and other groups, stifling rights to free speech and assembly.

The organization has asked for court-ordered monitoring of the Memphis Police Department and wants the department to give officers additional training on citizens' rights, especially the right to protest and peacefully assemble.

The city says those steps aren't necessary and wants to revise the 1978 consent decree or do away with it altogether. The department says the consent decree is outdated, given modern realities such as social media that can lead to fast-moving public events that can spiral out of control.

Rallings said the police department had begun reviewing its procedures for civil disturbances in 2014 following unrest in Ferguson, Missouri, over the police shooting of a black man.

The police department created a guidance document that calls for police officials to minimize use of force, avoid arresting people if possible, and to avoid taking provocative measures. For instance, Rallings said the department tries to avoid sending officers to protests in riot gear because it appears aggressive and can provoke violence.

Rallings also said he asks commanders to write a report after every major incident to discuss what they could have done better.

Rallings' testimony lasted roughly 30 minutes. As Rallings was discussing those reports, U.S. District Judge Jon P. McCalla called a break in testimony shortly after 5 p.m. and asked Rallings to return by 8:30 a.m. on Wednesday.

Fergus Nolan is arrested by Memphis officers on May 30, 2016, during an act of civil disobedience at Overton Park. A crowd of protesters gathered in opposition to the continued use of the Greensward by the Memphis Zoo for overflow parking which eventually led to the arrest of two people.(Photo: Jim Weber, Jim Weber)

The day had begun with MPD Sgt. Timothy Reynolds on the stand. He is the primary officer who controlled the "Bob Smith" social media account that gathered information on protests and activists.

Reynolds described how Rallings filed a complaint with his own department in September 2016 that someone had created a Twitter account using his name, MPD_Rallings. That account has since been suspended.

Reynolds said investigators believed Paul Garner, an activist with the Mid-South Peace and Justice Center, was running the MPD_Rallings account.

According to records shown on a screen in court, investigator David Palmer subpoenaed Twitter and learned than on 26 occasions, the Rallings impersonator account was used at the same time, date, location and IP address as the handle @aktionkat, which is associated with Garner.

Garner was one of the original plaintiffs in the police surveillance lawsuit, though he and others were dismissed after the judge ruled they lacked legal standing. He's still scheduled as a witness in the case.

Reached Tuesday, Garner said attorneys have advised him not to give media statements until the trial is over.

Earlier, the police detective had described gaining access to a private group in which Fergus Nolan and other activists considered actions against the Memphis Zoo in a conflict over parking on the Overton Park greensward.

Documents were shown on a screen in the courtroom. "(Name redacted) also knows a hacker and if we can get into the Zoo’s system we can download their general ledger and figure out their accounts," Nolan wrote. "I am an old time corporate programmer and can figure out their system if we can get inside."

In a recent interview, Nolan said the hacking idea didn't go anywhere. Reynolds confirmed that, saying that he asked the zoo if they'd noticed any problems with their system.

“He told me there hadn’t been but there had been some suspicious activity on the e-commerce side ... I took that information and reported it back and the zoo fixed the problem and this case kind of went dormant," Reynolds said.

May 30, 2016 - Major Anthony W. Rudolph (center) issues a final warning to protesters on the Greensward near the Memphis Zoo Parking lot during an act of civil disobedience at Overton Park. A crowd of protesters gathered in opposition to the continued use of the Greensward by the Memphis Zoo for overflow parking where two people were arrested. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
(Photo: Jim Weber, Jim Weber)

Taking friendly questions from Buckner Wellford, a lawyer representing the city, Reynolds repeatedly said his motivation for monitoring protests and other events was to ensure public safety.

That point was echoed by another witness, police Maj. Stephen Chandler, who had been the sergeant's supervisor. He said the police don't care about the points of view expressed in a protest, only about safety.

McCalla has already ruled that the city carried out political surveillance in violation of the 1978 consent order. A bench trial is continuing as he makes determinations on other issues in the case.

Reach reporter Daniel Connolly at 529-5296, daniel.connolly@commercialappeal.com, or on Twitter at @danielconnolly.