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May 14, 1963
J. C. BOLLlER
TRANSMISSION
Filed Oct. 12, 1959
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3,089,348
3,089,343
Patented May 14, 1963'
2
3,089,348
TRANSMESSÍÜN
.laccio C. Bellier, 1925 W. Barker Ave., Peoria, lill.
Filed Get. 12, 1959, Ser. N0. 345349
3 Claims. (Qi. ‘7d-_683)
This invention relates -to a transmission and more par
ticularly to a mechanical, variable speed drive.
The mechanical transmission disclosed herein provides
automatically and continuously variable torque and speed
drive shaft 13 and driven shaft 28. One-way mecha
nism 27 permits the transfer of power from carrier ex
tension 26 to driven shaft 28 only in the clockwise direc
tion, and the carrier turns freely if its rotation is counter
clockwise relative to the rotation of the driven shaft.
Rin-g gear 30 of the planetary gear systeml forms a
portion of the second mechanical interconnection be
tween- drive shaft 13 and driven shaft-28. Ring gear 301
One 4feature of the invention is the provision in a trans
is on the inner surface of a sleeve 31 which hasa splined
driving connection 32 at one end thereof with a one-way
mechanicalY drive 34 which transmits power to an auxili
ary member 33 when the sleeve 31 rotates in a. counter
clockwise direction, as will appear. A ring gear 35
mission having drive and driven elements of two mechani
cal interconnections between them, preferably with dif
ferent drive ratios and arranged so that the power de
is formed on the inner surface of auxiliary drive member
33 and engages a pinion 36 rotatably mounted on end
member 10a of »the transmission housing and the pinion
livered to the driven element is transmitted in the proper
in turn engages a central gear 37 which has an exten
from a drive element to a driven element, dependent on
the requirements of the load connected with the driven
element and within the capabilities of the drive source.
sion portion 3S connected with driven shaft 28 through a
ratio through the two connections, resulting in the pro
pair »of one-way drive mechanisms 39 arranged to trans
vision of continuously variable torque and speed to the
20 mit power to driven element 28 in the clockwise direc
driven element.
tion of rotation. Y
Another feature is that the drive and driven elements
The operation of the transmission in delivering power
are interconnected through a planetary gear system .hav
from drive shaft 1‘3 to driven shaft 28 through a con
ing at least three elements, one of which is connected
tinuous range of speeds and torque will now be con
with the drive element and the other ltwo of which are
connected with the driven element, and more specifically 25 sidered. When clutch piston y19 is actuated sun gear eX
tension 22 is connected with and rotated by drive shaft
the drive element is connected with the sun gear of the
`llîi. The rotation of sun gear 23 has a tendency to ro
planetary system while two drive connections with the
tate the entire planetary system. However, the load con
driven element include the planet carrier and ring gear.
nected with driven shaft 2S requires a certain amount of
The torque requirements of the load cause a reaction
through the mechanical interconnections which deter 30 torque to overcome its inertia and friction, causing a
mines the path through which power is delivered.
Still another feature is the inclusion in the transmis
sion of a hydraulic torque converter connected between
the drive element and one of the mechanical intercon
reaction transmitted through one-way drive mechanism
27 to the planet carrier 2S. Considering first the situa
tion where the torque required to turn driven shaft 28
is greater than that available with a direct drive connec
nections to the driven element, through which a retarding 35 tion, planet carrier 25 will remain stationary and the
rotation of sun gear 23 will cause rotation of planet gears
force may be applied to the ring gear of the planetary
Z4, turning ring gear 30 and sleeve 31 in a counterclock
system.
wise direction. This rotation is transmitted through one
Further features and advantages of the invention will
way drive mechanism 34 to auxiliary element 33 and
readily be apparent from the following specification and
from the drawing, which is a sectional view partially 40 through ring gear 35, idler pinion 36 and central gear
diagrammatic in form, through a transmission embody
37 to one-way drive mechanisms ’39 and driven shaft' 28.
The drive ratio of the gearing in this second interconnec
ing the invention.
tion between the drive and driven shafts is such that the
Variable speed mechanical transmissions, as distin
torque delivered to the driven shaft through this connec
guished from fluid transmissions, require the shifting of
gears, either' physically or through the adjustment of 45 tion is greater than that delivered directly through the
brakes or the like associated with various el-ements of
the system and controlled -either manually by the operator
or through speed sensing devices, and do not provide
planetary gear system and turns the shaft at a slower
speed. As the driven shaft 2d begins to turn, planet
carrier 25 also turns, and a portion of the torque re
quired for the load is supplied directly from the sun gear
energy to a load with smooth, continuously variable
torque and speed. These objections are overcome by 50 to the planet carrier and through one-way drive mecha
nism 237 to the driven element. As the load speed in
the transmission of this invention.
creases and the torque requirement decreases the speed
Turning now to the drawing a housing ld encloses a
of rotation of planet carrier 25 increases and the counter
mechanical transmission 11 and an auxiliary hydraulic
rotation of sleeve 31 decreases. The torque of the power
torque convertor 12. A drive element or shaft 13 is con
nected with a suitable prime mover as an internal com 55 supplied to the load depends upon resistance encountered
and is coupled to the load through two parallel mechani
bustion engine (not shown) and rotates in the direction
shown by arrow 13a which will be considered the clock
cal connections, with the division between the connec
tions being made automatically by the nature of the op
wise direction for the purposes of the discussion herein.
eration of the planet system.
Drive shaft 13 is connected directly with the inner hous
At a point in the acceleration of the system sleeve 31
ing member 14 forming a part of hydraulic torque con 60
comes to a standstill and then reverses in direction. With
vertor 12 which has secured to it a thrust plate 15. A
hydraulically -actuated fric-tion clutch arrangement in
the sleeve 31 at a standstill, an intermediate speed and
torque ratio is provided.
cludes a -driven plate 18 and a clutch piston 19 movable
As the speed of rotation of the transmission increases
axially of the transmission under the iniiuence of the
pressure of hydraulic fluid introduced through the bore 65 further, the direction of rotation of sleeve 31 and ring
gear 30 reverse and begin to increase in the clockwise
20 extending through several of the elements of the sys
direction. When the ring gear speed reaches that of sun
tem. Driven plate 1S is secured on an extension 22 of
gear 23, the entire planetary set rotates as a single ele
the hub of sun gear 23, part of a planetary gear system.
ment and power is delivered directly from drive shaft t13
Planet gear 24 is rotatably mounted on a carrier 25 which
has an axial extension 26 engageable through a one-way 70 to driven shaft 28 in a one-to-one ratio of speed and
torque.
mechanical drive 27 with the driven element or shaft >28
An auxiliary power delivery and control arrangement
providing a first mechanical interconnection between the
3,089,348
3
4
said second one-way clutch mechanism and said driven
element.
3. In a continuously variable mechanical transmission:
a drive element; a driven element; a planetary gear system
is provided by the hydraulic torque convertor 12. Im
peller blades 40 are connected with rotating convertor
housing 14, while turbine blades 41 are connected with
an extension of sleeve 31. The interior of torque con
vertor is connected through suitable passageways with
hydraulic fluid control passageway Ztl so that the pres
having a sun gear, a planet gear mounted on a carrier
and a ring gear, the planet gear being in mesh with the
sun and ring gears; means operatively connecting said
sun gear with said drive element; first interconnecting
sure on the fluid in the torque convertor itself may be
varied by an external control (not shown).
means operatively connecting said carrier mechanically
.Returning now to the previously described sequence
of operation of the transmission, it will be recalled that 10 with said driven element; and second interconnecting
means, operable simultaneously and in parallel with said
with a load requiring a high degree of torque, sleeve ele
first interconnecting means, operatively connecting said
ment 31 initially rotates in a direction opposite the direc
ring gear mechanically with said driven element, includ
tion of rotaton of drive shaft 123i. Thus, turbine blades
ing further gear means having one gear element con
41 rotate in a direction opposite the direction of rotation
of impeller 49. This counterrotation of torque convertor 15 nected with said ring gear and -another gear element
operatively connected with said one gear element and
elements impedes the counter-rotation of sleeve -311 and,
connected with said driven element.
at least in the initial stages of operation, may be mini
4. The transmission of claim 3 wherein a fluid cou
mized by reducing the pressure on the hydraulic fluid in
pling is operatively connected between said drive element
the torque convertor. As the load speed increases, the
tendency of sleeve 31 to slow down and reverse its direc 20 and one of said interconnecting means.
5. The transmission of claim 1 wherein a fluid cou
tion of rotation may be increased by increasing either the
pling `is operatively connected between said drive element
speed of the prime mover connected with drive shaft 13
and the ring gear of said planetary gear system.
or the pressure of the hydraulic fluid in the system. After
6. The transmission of claim 3 wherein said first and
the turbine blades have reversed their direction of ro
tation, so that sleeve 51 rotates in the same direction as 25 second interconnecting means have different drive ratios.
7. In a continuously variable mechanical transmission:
sun gear 23, the power from drive shaft .13 is coupled to
a drive element; a driven element; a planetary gear sys
the driven shaft 28 through two parallel paths, one through
tem having a sun gear, a planet gear mounted on a car
the clutch mechanism and sun gear 23 and the other
rier and a ring gear, the planet gear being in mesh with
through the torque convertor and ring gear 30.
-In summary, the mechanical transmission 1\1 provides 30 the sun and ring gears; means operatively connecting said
sun gear with said drive element; first interconnecting
for delivery of power from a drive shaft to a driven shaft
means operatively connecting said carrier mechanically
through a continuous range of torque and speed, within
with said driven element and including a first one-way
the capabilities of the prime mover and without manual
~ clutch mechanism; and second interconnecting means,
or automatic shifting of gears or brake bands. Torque
operable simultaneously and in parallel with said first
convertor 12 provides an auxiliary drive arrangement,
interconnecting means, operatively connecting said ring
the characteristics of which may be varied as desired
gear mechanically with said driven element, including
through control of the pressure of the hydraulic fluid.
a second one-way clutch mechanism, a second ring gear
While I have shown and described certain embodi
connected with the first-mentioned ring gear through said
ments of my invention, it is to be understood that it is
capable of many modifications. Changes therefore, in
the construction and arrangement may bemade without
40
departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as
disclosed in the appended claims.
second one-way clutch mechanism, iixedly mounted pin
ions and a central gear connected withsaid driven ele
ment and through said pinion-s with said second ring gear,
said second interconnecting means providing a drive
path from. the drive element to the driven element with
l. In a continuously variable mechanical transmis 45 a drive ratio different from the drive ratio of the drive
I claim:
,
sion: a drive element; a driven element; a planetary
gear system having a sun gear, a planet gear mounted
on a carrier and a ring gear, the planet gear being in
mesh with the sun and ring gears; means operatively con
path provided by said first interconnecting means, deliv
ering high torque to the driven member at low speeds.
connecting means operatively connecting said carrier
land a ring gear, the planet gear being in mesh with the
sun and ring gears; means operatively connecting one of
8. In a continuously variable mechanical transmission:
a drive element; a driven element; a planetary gear sys
necting said sun gear with said drive element; ñrst inter 50 tem having a sun gear, a planet gear mounted on a carrier
mechanically with said driven element and including a
first» one-way clutch mechanism; and second intercon
said'gears with said drive element; first interconnecting
means operatively connecting another of said gears me
with said first interconnecting means, operatively con 55 chanically with said driven element and including a
first one-way clutch mechanism', and second intercon
necting said ring gear mechanically with said driven
nectin'g means, operable simultaneously and in parallel
element, including a second one-way clutch mechanism,
with said ñrst interconnecting means, operatively con
a second ring gear connected with the first-mentioned
necting the third of said gears mechanically with said
ring gear through said second one-way clutch mechanism,
fixedly mounted pinions and a central gear connected with 60 driven element and including a second one-way clutch
mechanism, said first and second interconnection means
said driven element 'and through said pinions with said
having different drive ratios, delivering torque to said
second ring gear.
2. In a continuously variable mechanical transmission:
driven element in diíîerent proportions at different speeds.
a drive element; -a driven element; a planetary gear sys
References Cited in the tile of this patent
tem having a sun gear, »a planet gear mounted on a cal“ 65
UNITED STATES PATENTS
rier and a ring gear, the planet gear being in mesh with
1,923,995
Nock ________________ __ Aug. 22, 1933
lthe sun and ring gears; means operatively connecting
necting means, operable simultaneously and in parallel
said sun gear with said drive element', first intercon
necting means operatively connecting said carrier me
chanically with said driven element and including a first 70
one-way clutch mechanism; and second interconnecting
means, operable simultaneously and in parallel with said
first interconnecting means, operatively connecting said
ring gear mechanically with said driven element, includ
ing a second one-way clutch mechanism connected with 75
said ring gear and further gear means connected between
2,383,980
Lysholm ____________ __ Sept. 4, 1945
2,693,721
2,728,247
2,804,780
Forster ______________ __ Nov. 9, 1954
Synder ______________ __ Dec. 27, 1955
Gerst _______________ __ Sept. 3, 1957
2,933,936
McClelland __________ __ Apr. 26, 1960
191,267
399,155
Austria ____________ __ Aug. 10, 1957
Great Britain ________ __ Sept. 19, 1933
FOREIGN PATENTS