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- - Office Name and State goes here Environmental AssessmentSandHills Wind Energy Facility Albany County, Wyoming May 2011 High Desert District Rawlins Field Office The BLM's multiple-use mission is to sustain the health and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations. The Bureau accomplishes this by managing such activities as outdoor recreation, livestock grazing, mineral development, and energy production, and by conserving natural, historical, cultural, and other resources on public lands. BLM/WY/PL-11/035+1430 WY-030-EA09-314 Contents Chapter Page Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................. ix

The Bureau of Land Management, with DOE’s Western Area Power Administration as a cooperating agency, is preparing this EA to evaluate the environmental impacts of a proposal to construct, operate, and maintain the SandHills Wind Energy Facility on private and federal lands in Albany County, Wyoming. If the proposed action is implemented, Western would interconnect the proposed facility to an existing transmission line.

81: SandHills Wind Project, Wyoming 81: SandHills Wind Project, Wyoming EA-1581: SandHills Wind Project, Wyoming Location of the proposed SandHills Wind Project, near Laramie, Wyoming Location of the proposed SandHills Wind Project, near Laramie, Wyoming Summary The Bureau of Land Management, with DOE's Western Area Power Administration as a cooperating agency, is preparing this EA to evaluate the environmental impacts of a proposal to construct, operate, and maintain the SandHills Wind Energy Facility on private and federal lands in Albany County, Wyoming. If the proposed action is implemented, Western would interconnect the proposed facility to an existing transmission line. Public Comment Opportunities No public comment opportunities available at this time. List of Available Documents

Diagnostics with an X-ray Laser? Lessons from the First Diagnostics with an X-ray Laser? Lessons from the First Nanoscale Imaging of Airborne Particles Mike Bogan Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 SandHill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA What does airborne particulate matter look like? How do we develop quantitative descriptors for particles of complex morphology? These challenges were highlighted in the NIST workshop report "Aerosol Metrology Needs for Climate Science" (Dec, 2011). Sure, we can capture aerosol particles on surfaces - removing them from their airborne state - and probe them with high resolution optical and chemical imaging tools, but what information do we lose about the airborne particles? How can we follow dynamics? In this talk we will explore these very basic questions and their importance to combustion

Abstract Sand encroachment is a significant environmental hazard prevailing across the western fringes of the Nile Valley and Delta due to the occurrence of many dune fields in the adjacent Western Desert. Climatic data acquired from five meteorological stations were used to assess drifting sand and dune activity along this heavily populated and cultivated region. Dune forms and rates of dune advance were extracted from remotely sensed images. Results showed that wind environment and topography are the significant factors for the distribution of aeolian deposits. Wind energy and sand drift are maximum in the Middle Egypt and minimum west of the Nile Delta. Transverse (barchan) dunes are the dominant throughout the study area. Nevertheless, longitudinal (linear) dunes are observed west of the Nile Delta. The southern one-third of the study area is bordered by an elevated plateau from the west that hinders significant dune clusters from reaching the Nile Valley. Development projects in the contiguous fringes west of the Nile Valley would respond negatively to sand encroachment.

A method for treating a tar sands formation includes providing heat to at least part of a hydrocarbon layer in the formation from a plurality of heaters located in the formation. The heat is allowed to transfer from the heaters to at least a portion of the formation. A viscosity of one or more zones of the hydrocarbon layer is assessed. The heating rates in the zones are varied based on the assessed viscosities. The heating rate in a first zone of the formation is greater than the heating rate in a second zone of the formation if the viscosity in the first zone is greater than the viscosity in the second zone. Fluids are produced from the formation through the production wells.

In 1978, the water cleaning system for the KE Basin was upgraded by adding a sand filter and ion exchange columns. Basin water containing finely divided solids is collected by three surface skimmers and pumped to the sand filter. Filtrate from the sand filter is further treated in the ion exchange modules. The suspended solids accumulate in the sand until the pressure drop across the filter reaches established operating limits, at which time the sand filter is backwashed. The backwash is collected in the NLOP, where the solids are allowed to settle as sludge. Figure 2-1 shows a basic piping and instrumentation diagram depicting the relationship among the basin skimmers, sand filter, and NLOP. During the course of deactivation and decommissioning (D&D) of the K-Basins, the sand filter and its media will need to be dispositioned. The isotopic distribution of the sludge in the sand filter has been estimated in KE Basin Sand Filter Monolith DQO (KBC-24705). This document estimates the sand filter contribution to the KE hazard categorization using the data from the DQO.

The objective of this study was to determine if oil sands wastewater had an effect on the general health and condition of hatchery raised rainbow trout (200 to 400 g). Effects were assessed based on a battery of physiological and biochemical indices and the physical condition of the fish. The trout were exposed to tailings water in the field and in a flow through system under laboratory conditions. The field tests were conducted in 1992 and 1993 in experimental ponds at Syncrude which contained fine tails covered with surface water, fine tails covered with tailings water, and a surface water control pond. The laboratory treatments included Mildred Lake tailings water, dyke drainage water, fractionated tailings pond water (acid fraction containing naphthenic acids), sodium naphthenate, recycle water from Suncor`s tailings pond, and a laboratory control. All body condition factors and blood parameters were normal in the field and laboratory exposed fish and there were no apparent differences between the fish exposed to the tailings water and controls.

The mining and extraction of petroleum products from oil-sands involves large areas of land and produces enormous volumes of tailings. One possible land reclamation option is to incorporate fine-tailings material into the bottoms of constructed lakes capped with natural surface water. The wet landscape method represents potential risk to aquatic biota-naphthenic acids and PAHs elute from pore water contained in the fine-tailings substrate. In spring 1995 yellow perch were stocked into a large-scale (5ha) experimental pond that consisted of fine-tailings capped with natural water as well as into two other reclaimed ponds that were constructed with oil-sands overburden material. Prior to stocking of perch, ponds had colonized with cyprinids, macrophytes and benthic invertebrates over a two year period. Perch were sampled in fall 1995 for age, condition factor, liver size, gonad size, fecundity, stomach contents, liver mixed-function oxygenase activity (MFO), bile PAH metabolites and plasma steroid hormones. When compared to the source lake, perch in the DP did not show reduced reproductive potential. Perch in all of the reclaimed ponds demonstrated exposure to organic compounds as indicated by marginally induced MFO activity and increased liver size. Exposure to naphthenates and PAHs in water as well as ecological environmental factors will be discussed.

81: Draft Environmental Assessment 81: Draft Environmental Assessment EA-1581: Draft Environmental AssessmentSandHills Wind Energy Facility Albany County, Wyoming WindEnergy, Inc. (SWE or applicant) submitted a request to the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Rawlins Field Office for a right-of-way (ROW) on BLM-administered lands (Proposed Action). SWE proposes to construct, operate, and maintain the SandHills Wind Energy Facility (Facility) in Albany County, Wyoming. The Facility, which would be located approximately 30 miles west of Laramie, would have an aggregate nominal nameplate generating capacity of up to 50 megawatts (MW) of electricity and would include up to 25, 2.0-MW wind turbines.This Environmental Assessment (EA) has been prepared to analyze the

DOE proposes to conduct a variety of post-sale site remediation activities, such as characterization, assessment, clean-up, and formal closure, at a number of inactive waste sites located at Elk Hills. The proposed post-sale site remediation activities, which would be conducted primarily in developed portions of the oil field, currently are expected to include clean-up of three basic categories of waste sites: (1) nonhazardous solid waste surface trash scatters, (2) produced wastewater sumps, and (3) small solid waste landfills. Additionally, a limited number of other inactive waste sites, which cannot be typified under any of these three categories, have been identified as requiring remediation. Table 2.1-1 presents a summary, organized by waste site category, of the inactive waste sites that require remediation per the PSA, the ASA, and/or the UPCTA. The majority of these sites are known to contain no hazardous waste. However, one of the surface scatter sites (2G) contains an area of burn ash with hazardous levels of lead and zinc, another surface scatter site (25S) contains an area with hazardous levels of lead, a produced wastewater sump site (23S) and a landfill (42-36S) are known to contain hazardous levels of arsenic, and some sites have not yet been characterized. Furthermore, additional types of sites could be discovered. For example, given the nature of oil field operations, sites resulting from either spills or leaks of hazardous materials could be discovered. Given the nature of the agreements entered into by DOE regarding the required post-sale clean-up of the inactive waste sites at Elk Hills, the Proposed Action is the primary course of action considered in this EA. The obligatory remediation activities included in the Proposed Action are standard procedures such that possible variations of the Proposed Action would not vary substantially enough to require designation as a separate, reasonable alternative. Thus, the No Action Alternative is the only other option considered in this EA.

The Bunker Hill site is listed, by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), on the National Priorities List (NPL). The 21 square-mile site includes the Bunker Hill mining and smelting complexes and the communities of Pinehurst, Page, Smelterville, Kellog, and Wardner, Idaho. Mining and smelting operations have occurred in the area (Silver Valley) since the 1880's. The Bunker Hill smelter discontinued operation in 1982. The former milling and smelting operation at the Bunker Hill Complex has left behind contaminated soils and deposits of slag, mine tailings, and other process residuals. Based upon the information reviewed, ATSDR has concluded that this site is of public health concern because of the risk to human health caused by the probable human exposure to hazardous substances at concentrations that may result in adverse health effects. Human exposure to heavy metals is probably occurring via ingestion, dermal, or inhalation exposure to contaminated surface soils, mine wastes and tailings, surface waters, or contaminated foodstuffs.

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The socioeconomic aspects of the tar sands recovery were investigated by Diversified Petroleum Recovery, Inc. Mineral Resources Institute at the University of Alabama conducted characterization and beneficiation studies on Alabama tar sands. Two sources in the state were identified, namely, Black Wax Hill and Spring Creek. Samples were obtained, beneficiated, then shared with the University of Arkansas. The University of Arkansas conducted research in three areas, namely, solvation and characterization of the tar sands phase equilibria as well as the design and operation of a bench-scale batch model. In the solvation studies, the results indicate that grinding the tar sands too fine results in downstream processing problems. Also, preliminary indications are that the beneficiation step may not be necessary in the solvation of the bitumen. The phase equilibria of the heptane/brine/isopropyl alcohol/XTOL{trademark} system is very complex. The salt concentration of the brine is significant in the partitioning of the isopropanol and heptane. Equilibrium data for some of the various combinations of chemical constituents have been obtained. Also included are appendices: statistical data on highways; petrography; Dean-Starke technique; FTIR and NMR spectra; FORTRAN computer program for GC; simulation of flash behavior for IPA/brine/fatty acid/N-C{sub 7} mixture; and previous progress reports. 32 figs., 28 tabs.

ponderosa pine forests, and watershed management of the Black Hills. Keywords: Black Hills, silviculture of the Black Hills National Forest. The authors are grateful for the insightful and helpful reviews, and members of the Black Hills National Forest. We are thankful for Bob Hamre's editing of the manuscript

Tar Sands Tar Sands Jump to: navigation, search More info on OpenEI Oil and Gas Gateway Federal Environmental Statues Federal Oil and Gas Statutes Oil and Gas Companies United States Oil and Gas Boards International Oil and Gas Boards Related Reports Keystone Pipeline System Canada's Oil Sands Royal Society of Canada: Environmental and Health Impacts of Canada's Oil Sands Industry Dictionary.png Tar Sands: A resource, found in particular abundance in Canada, where viscous petroleum is mixed in with a layer of sand, clay, and water. The form of petroleum is often referred to as "bitumen". The resource has only recently been considered part of the world's oil reserves Other definitions:Wikipedia Reegle Tarsands1.png About Tar Sands The Tar Sands, also referred to as Oil Sands, or Bitumen Sands, are a

For those who support U.S. oil sands development, the Canadian oil sands industry is often identified as a model the U.S. might emulate, yielding financial and energy security benefits. For opponents of domestic oil sands development, the Canadian oil sands experience illustrates the risks that opponents of development believe should deter domestic policymakers from incenting U.S. oil sands development. This report does not seek to evaluate the particular underpinnings of either side of this policy argument, but rather attempts to delve into the question of whether the Canadian experience has relevance as a foundational model for U.S. oil sands development. More specifically, this report seeks to assess whether and how the Canadian oil sands experience might be predictive or instructive in the context of fashioning a framework for a U.S. oil sands industry. In evaluating the implications of these underpinnings for a prospective U.S. oil sands industry, this report concentrates on prospective development of the oil sands deposits found in Utah.

Site CH2M Hill Plateau Site CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company - November 2012 Independent Oversight Review, Hanford Site CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company - November 2012 November 2012 Review of the Hanford Site CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company Implementation Verification Review Processes This report documents the independent review of implementation verification review (IVR) processes at the Hanford Site CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company that were conducted by the Office of Enforcement and Oversight (Independent Oversight), which is within the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Health, Safety and Security (HSS). The onsite review was performed by the HSS Office of Safety and Emergency Management Evaluations from August 13 to17, 2012. The objective of this assessment was to evaluate

(Wikipedia) Size variation from 1m to icebergs Food grains, sand, coal etc. Powders Â­ can be suspended in gas May 6, 2009 5 #12;What are Granular materials? Can exist similar to various forms of matter Gas/Liquid Â­ powders can be carried by velocity fields Sandstorms Liquid/Solid Â­ similar to liquids embedded

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Conservation Assessment for Bloodroot in the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota and Wyoming Forest Service Rocky Mountain Region Black Hills National Forest Custer, South Dakota April 2003 #12;Species Assessment of Bloodroot in the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota and Wyoming J. Hope

Conservation Assessment for the Autumn Willow in the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota Forest Service Rocky Mountain Region Black Hills National Forest Custer, South Dakota April 2003 #12;Species Assessment of Autumn willow in the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota and Wyoming J. Hope

Abstract This paper examines the techno-economic viability of hydrogen production from underground coal gasification (UCG) in Western Canada, for the servicing of the oil sands bitumen upgrading industry. Hydrogen production for bitumen upgrading is predominantly achieved via steam methane reforming (SMR); which involves significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions along with considerable feedstock (natural gas) cost volatility. UCG is a formidable candidate for cost-competitive environmentally sustainable hydrogen production; given its negligible feedstock cost, the enormity of deep coal reserves in Western Canada and the favourable CO2 sequestration characteristics of potential UCG sites in the Western Canadian sedimentary basin (WCSB). Techno-economic models were developed for UCG and SMR with and without CCS, to estimate the cost of hydrogen production including delivery to a bitumen upgrader. In this paper, at base case conditions, a 5% internal rate of return (IRR) differential between UCG and SMR was considered so as to account for the increased investment risk associated with UCG. The cost of UCG hydrogen production without CCS is estimated to be $1.78/kg of H2. With CCS, this increases to range of $2.11–$2.70/kg of H2, depending on the distance of the site for CO2 sequestration from the UCG plant. The SMR hydrogen production cost without CCS is estimated to be $1.73/kg of H2. In similar fashion to UCG, this rises to a range of $2.14 to $2.41/kg of H2 with the consideration of CCS. Lastly, for hydrogen production without CCS, UCG has a superior cost competitiveness in comparison to SMR for an IRR differential less than 4.6%. This competitive threshold rises to 5.4% for hydrogen production with CCS.

Granular particles undergo translation and rolling when they are sheared. This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) experimental assessment of fabric evolution of sheared sand at the particle level. F-75 Ottawa sand specimen was tested under an axisymmetric triaxial loading condition. It measured 9.5 mm in diameter and 20 mm in height. The quantitative evaluation was conducted by analyzing 3D high-resolution x-ray synchrotron micro-tomography images of the specimen at eight axial strain levels. The analyses included visualization of particle translation and rotation, and quantification of fabric orientation as shearing continued. Representative individual particles were successfully tracked and visualized to assess the mode of interaction between them. This paper discusses fabric evolution and compares the evolution of particles within and outside the shear band as shearing continues. Changes in particle orientation distributions are presented using fabric histograms and fabric tensor.

The Fox Hills Formation (Maestrichtian), representing part of a regressive wedge deposited during the withdrawal of the sea from the Western Interior at the close of the Cretaceous, consists of marginal marine strata transitional between the offshore deposits of the underlying Pierre Shale and the terrestrial deltaic and coastal deposits of the overlying Hell Creek Formation. An investigation of outcrops of the Fox Hills Formation along the western and southern flanks of the Williston basin and study of over 300 oil and gas well logs from the central part of the basin indicate that the formation can be divided both stratigraphically and areally. Stratigraphically, the Fox Hills can be divided into lower and upper sequences; the lower includes the Trail City and Timber Lake Members, and the upper sequence includes the Colgate Member in the west and the Iron Lightning and Linton Members in the east. Areally, the formation can be divided into a northeastern and western part, where the strata are 30-45 m thick and are dominated by the lower sequence, and into a southeastern area where both the lower and upper sequences are well developed in a section 80-130 m thick. Typically, the lower Fox Hills consists of upward-coarsening shoreface or delta-front sequences containing hummocky bedding and a limited suite of trace fossils, most notably Ophiomorpha. In the southeast, however, these strata are dominated by bar complexes, oriented northeast-southwest, composed of cross-bedded medium to very fine-grained sand with abundant trace and body fossils. The upper Fox Hills represents a variety of shoreface, deltaic, and channel environments. The strata of the Fox Hills Formation exhibit facies similar to those reported for Upper Cretaceous gas reservoirs in the northern Great Plains.

Conservation Assessment for Great-spurred Violet in the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota Forest Service Rocky Mountain Region Black Hills National Forest Custer, South Dakota April 2003 #12. Reyher, and Carolyn Hull Sieg J. Hope Hornbeck is a Botanist with the Black Hills National Forest

Conservation Assessment for Groundcedar and Stiff Clubmoss in the Black Hills National Forest South Department of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Region Black Hills National Forest Custer, South J. Hope Hornbeck is a Botanist with the Black Hills National Forest in Custer, South Dakota. She

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Beacon Hill, U.K., 1972-1973 Beacon Hill, U.K., 1972-1973 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: General view of study site in 1973 (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Williamson, P., and J. Pitman. 1998. NPP Grassland: Beacon Hill, U.K., 1972-1973. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of a chalk grassland was studied from 1972 to 1973 at Beacon Hill, West Sussex, U.K. Measurements of above-ground live biomass and total dead matter were made approximately bi-monthly. Above-ground net primary production was estimated by several methods, including peak live biomass, peak total live and dead, and accounting for turnover determined from

and CH2M and CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company and Mission Support Alliance - April 2012 Independent Oversight Review, Richland Operations Office and CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company and Mission Support Alliance - April 2012 April 2012 Review of Richland Operations Office and CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company and Mission Support Alliance Conduct of Operations The purpose of this independent oversight review by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Enforcement and Oversight, within the Office of Health, Safety and Security (HSS), was to observe and shadow1 a DOE Richland Operations Office (DOE-RL) assessment of its contractors at the Hanford Site. The HSS reviewer observed the implementation and effectiveness of the DOE-RL assessment of two of the contractors (CHPRC and

Richland Operations Office and CH2M Richland Operations Office and CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company and Mission Support Alliance - April 2012 Independent Oversight Review, Richland Operations Office and CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company and Mission Support Alliance - April 2012 April 2012 Review of Richland Operations Office and CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company and Mission Support Alliance Conduct of Operations The purpose of this independent oversight review by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Enforcement and Oversight, within the Office of Health, Safety and Security (HSS), was to observe and shadow1 a DOE Richland Operations Office (DOE-RL) assessment of its contractors at the Hanford Site. The HSS reviewer observed the implementation and effectiveness of the DOE-RL assessment of two of the contractors (CHPRC and

The long history of mineral extraction in the Coeur d’Alene Basin has left a legacy of heavy metal laden mine tailings that have accumulated along the Coeur d’Alene River and its tributaries (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2001; Barton, 2002). Silver, lead and zinc were the primary metals of economic interest in the area, but the ores contained other elements that have become environmental hazards including zinc, cadmium, lead, arsenic, nickel, and copper. The metals have contaminated the water and sediments of Lake Coeur d’Alene, and continue to be transported downstream to Spokane Washington via the Spokane River. In 1983, the EPA listed the Bunker Hill Mining and Metallurgical Complex on the National Priorities List. Since that time, many of the most contaminated areas have been stabilized or isolated, however metal contaminants continue to migrate through the basin. Designation as a Superfund site causes significant problems for the economically depressed communities in the area. Identification of primary sources of contamination can help set priorities for cleanup and cleanup options, which can include source removal, water treatment or no action depending on knowledge about the mobility of contaminants relative to water flow. The mobility of contaminant mobility under natural or engineered conditions depends on multiple factors including the physical and chemical state (or speciation) of metals and the range of processes, some of which can be seasonal, that cause mobilization of metals. As a result, it is particularly important to understand metal speciation (National Research Council, 2005) and the link between speciation and the rates of metal migration and the impact of natural or engineered variations in flow, biological activity or water chemistry.

Bonneville Power Administration is preparing an EA to assess potential environmental impacts of the proposed rebuild of its 26-mile 115 kilovolt (kV) wood-pole Hills Creek-Lookout Point transmission line, which is generally located between Lowell and Oakridge, in Lane County, Oregon.

Definition Definition Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon Â» Definition: Tar Sands Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Tar Sands A resource, found in particular abundance in Canada, where viscous petroleum is mixed in with a layer of sand, clay, and water. The form of petroleum is often referred to as "bitumen". The resource has only recently been considered part of the world's oil reserves View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Oil sands, tar sands or, more technically, bituminous sands, are a type of unconventional petroleum deposit. The oil sands are loose sand or partially consolidated sandstone containing naturally occurring mixtures of sand, clay, and water, saturated with a dense and extremely viscous form of petroleum technically referred to as bitumen (or colloquially tar due to

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Geological and geophysical analyses of the Big Hill Salt Dome were performed to determine the suitability of this site for use in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). Development of 140 million barrels (MMB) of storage capacity in the Big Hill Salt Dome is planned as part of the SPR expansion to achieve 750 MMB of storage capacity. Objectives of the study were to: (1) Acquire, evaluate, and interpret existing data pertinent to geological characterization of the Big Hill Dome; (2) Characterize the surface and near-surface geology and hydrology; (3) Characterize the geology and hydrology of the overlying cap rock; (4) Define the geometry and geology of the dome; (5) Determine the feasibility of locating and constructing 14 10-MMB storage caverns in the south portion of the dome; and (6) Assess the effects of natural hazards on the SPR site. Recommendations are included. (DMC)

Results of recent flow testing at Fenton Hill, New Mexico, have been examined in light of their applicability to the development of commercial-scale hot dry rock (HDR) reservoirs at other sites. These test results, obtained during the cumulative 11 months of reservoir flow testing between 1992 and 1995, show that there was no significant production temperature drawdown during this time and that the reservoir flow became more dispersed as flow testing proceeded. Based on these test results together with previous HDR research at Fenton Hill and elsewhere, it is concluded that a three-well geometry, with one centrally located injection well and two production wells-one at each end of the pressure-stimulated reservoir region-would provide a much more productive system for future HDR development than the two-well system tested at Fenton Hill.

Sand filters are beds of granular material, or sand, drained from underneath so that pretreated wastewater can be treated, collected and distributed to a land application system. This publication explains the treatment, design, operation...

sand, the gas permeability of the sand with hydrate, and thefor gas and water through methane hydrate-bearing sand. X-hydrate dissociation and making a single-phase (gas or water) permeability measurement of the sand

Methods for treating a tar sands formation are described herein. The tar sands formation may have one or more karsted zones. Methods may include providing heat from one or more heaters to one or more karsted zones of the tar sands formation to mobilize fluids in the formation. At least some of the mobilized fluids may be produced from the formation.

Recommended practices for testing sand used in hydraulic fracturing operations are outlined as developed by the Task Group on Evaluation of Hydraulic Fracturing Sand under the API Subcommittee on Evaluation of Well Completion Materials. The tests recommended were developed to improve the quality of frac sand delivered to the well site, and are for use in evaluating certain physical properties of sand used in hydraulic fracturing operations. The tests suggested enable users to compare physical characteristics of various sands and to select materials most useful for such applications. Parameters to be tested include turbidity, clay and soft particle content, crush resistance, and mineralogic analysis.

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In an earlier paper Tanner and Berry (1985) considered the decay of a disturbance to an otherwise uniform thin oil film. This was followed analytically using the Navier-Stokes equation, and optically by interferometry. Solutions were obtained in the form of a series of three-dimensional hills and of two-dimensional ridges, decaying with time in a self-similar manner. The present work extends this in several ways. By better control of the applied disturbance, more of the original series are produced and illustrated. The original hill series is extended to a doubly-infinite one, providing the possibility, as with the ridges, of different time decay rates for each azimuthal structure. Negative j values, giving either vertical growth or static vertical heights, are considered and in a few cases produced experimentally. Finally nonlinear peaks, cliffs and ravines having self-similar scaling properties are studied. In all cases, good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained.

LIQUEFACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF A FINE SAND A Thesis by DONALD TIMOTHY BRANDON Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 1974 Major Subject...: Civil Engineering LIQUEFACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF A FINE SAND A Thesis by DONALD TIMOTHY BRANDON Approved as to style and content by: airman o Commi ee) ead of Depar ent) (Member) ( ber) ABSTRACT LIQUEFACTION CEARACTERISTICS OF A FINE SAND...

Settles Elk Hills Equity Claims Settles Elk Hills Equity Claims DOE Settles Elk Hills Equity Claims April 22, 2011 - 4:58pm Addthis The Department of Energy announced today that it has settled a longstanding dispute over equity rights to the Naval Petroleum Reserve-1 (commonly referred to as "Elk Hills") located in Bakersfield, California. Under the agreement, Chevron U.S.A., Inc. has agreed to pay $108 million to the United States to resolve all outstanding equity claims. From World War II to 1998, the United States and Chevron (along with its predecessor Standard Oil of California) operated their respective interests in the Elk Hills oil field as a single unit. The Department sold its interest in Elk Hills in 1998. However, an agreement between Chevron and the Department allowed for equity interests in the field to be redetermined

Black Hills Energy - Solar Power Program Black Hills Energy - Solar Power Program Black Hills Energy - Solar Power Program < Back Eligibility Commercial Fed. Government General Public/Consumer Industrial Local Government Nonprofit Residential Schools State Government Savings Category Solar Buying & Making Electricity Program Info Start Date 7/1/2006 State Colorado Program Type Performance-Based Incentive Rebate Amount Systems up to 10 kW: $0.1267/kWh (only for first 5 kW) Systems larger than 10 kW up to 100 kW: $0.16/kWh Provider Black Hills Energy Black Hills Energy has a performance-based incentive (PBI) for photovoltaic (PV) systems up to 100 kilowatts (kW) in capacity. In exchange for these incentives, Black Hills Energy earns the right to the renewable energy credits (RECs) associated with the PV-generated electricity for a period of

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This report, the last of a four part series assessing unconventional gas development in the US, examines the state of the tight gas sands industry following the 1992 expiration of the qualification period for the Sec. 29 Nonconventional Fuels Tax Credit. Because tight gas sands were the most mature of the unconventional gas sources and received only a modest tax credit, one would not expect much change when the tax credit qualification period ended, and post-1992 drilling and production data confirm this. What the overall statistics do not show, and thus the main substance of this article, is how rediscovered tight gas plays and the evolution in tight gas exploration and extraction technology have shifted the outlook for tight gas drilling and its economics from a low productivity, marginally economic resource to a low cost source of gas supply.

The effects of clays on the hydraulic conductivity of a sandstone are analyzed by considering a simple clay coating structure for the sand grains. In the model, silicate insulating nuclei are uniformly surrounded by charged clay particles. The total charge on the clays is compensated by a counterion density Q{sub v}. Assuming a capillary flow regime inside this granular model a Kozeny-Carman type equation has been derived, expressing its intrinsic permeability k in terms of a porosity-tortuosity factor {phi}{sup (m{minus}0.5)} and of the parameter Q{sub v}. The power-law derived expression shows that k decreases with the amount of clay, not only because a high Q{sub v} implies a narrowing of the pore channels, but also because it modifies the hydraulic tortuosity of the medium. This new equation has been statistically tested with extensive petrophysical laboratory data for different types of shaly sandstones.

, or the green point threshold required. Thank you for considering Morgan Hill's Sustainable Building Ordinance Street Sacramento, Ca 95814-5514 Re: City of Morgan Hill Sustainable Building Ordinance and the Building staff presented the Sustainable Building Ordinance and the Energy Cost Effective Study to the City

ANC Gas Hills Site - 040 ANC Gas Hills Site - 040 FUSRAP Considered Sites Site: ANC Gas Hills Site (040) Designated Name: Alternate Name: Location: Evaluation Year: Site Operations: Site Disposition: Radioactive Materials Handled: Primary Radioactive Materials Handled: Radiological Survey(s): Site Status: The ANC Gas Hills site is a Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Title II site located in Gas Hills, Wyoming. UMTRA Title II sites are privately owned and operated sites that were active when the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act was passed in 1978. The majority of the milling conducted at these sites was for private sale, but a portion was sold to the U.S. Government. After the owner completes U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission license termination, the Department of EnergyÂ¿s

Town of Chapel Hill - Energy Conservation Requirements for Town Town of Chapel Hill - Energy Conservation Requirements for Town Buildings Town of Chapel Hill - Energy Conservation Requirements for Town Buildings < Back Eligibility Construction Local Government Savings Category Heating & Cooling Home Weatherization Construction Commercial Weatherization Commercial Heating & Cooling Design & Remodeling Solar Lighting Windows, Doors, & Skylights Heating Water Heating Program Info State North Carolina Program Type Energy Standards for Public Buildings Provider Town of Chapel Hill The Town of Chapel Hill's energy-conservation ordinance requires that all town-owned buildings be designed to achieve a goal of achieving a Silver level certification as defined by the Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program.

Rock Hill Utilities - Water Heater and Heat Pump Rebate Program Rock Hill Utilities - Water Heater and Heat Pump Rebate Program Rock Hill Utilities - Water Heater and Heat Pump Rebate Program < Back Eligibility Residential Savings Category Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Heat Pumps Appliances & Electronics Water Heating Program Info State South Carolina Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Water Heater: up to $275 Heat Pump Replacement: $400 Provider Rock Hill Utilities Through the SmartChoice program, Rock Hill Utilities offers rebates for water heater and heat pump replacements. Information on financing for heat pumps can also be found on the web site listed above. If both the water heater and heat pump are purchased then the customer may qualify for the Great Rate program. The Great Rate program will add a 25% discount to a

4 4 FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY LOAN GUARANTEE TO RECORD HILL WIND LLC FOR CONSTRUCTION OF A WIND ENERGY PROJECT IN ROXBURY, MAINE U.S. Department of Energy Loan Guarantee Program Office Washington, DC 20585 July 2011 DOE/EA-1824 i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is proposing to issue a loan guarantee to Record Hill Wind LLC (Record Hill) for the construction of a 50.6 megawatt (MW) wind energy project located in Roxbury, Maine. 1 DOE has prepared this Final Environmental Assessment (EA) in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) (42 United States Code [USC] 4321, et. seq.) Council on Environmental Quality regulations for implementing NEPA (40 Code of Federal Regulations

Gas hydrate formation from two types of dissolved gas (methane and mixed gas) was studied under varying thermodynamic conditions in ... Sea. The testing media consisted of silica sand particles with diameters of ...

The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) provided technical support for ongoing environmental remediation activities at the Shepley’s Hill remediation site, near Devens, MA. The technical support included the completion of a radiation survey of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) at Shepley’s Hill, Shepley’s Hill landfill cover, and Red Cove areas. The objective of the radiation survey was to assess the ability of the INL backpack sodium iodide spectroscopy (BaSIS) system to detect elevated levels of NORM that may be associated with radon-222 emanation from near surface and subsurface fractures in the area. It is postulated that these fracture zones provide subsurface conduits for the transport of environmental contaminants. As such, location of these fracture sets will proved EPA Region 1 with the means for completing the development of an accurate site conceptual model. The results of the radiological survey show that some of the radiological anomalies correlate with currently mapped rock outcrops; however, not all of the rock outcrops in the surveyed area have been mapped. As such, it is not conclusive that all of the radiological anomalies correspond with surface rock outcrops. EPA Region 1 intends to perform a more comprehensive correlation of the radiation data collected with the BaSIS system with additional data sets such as detailed bedrock structural mapping, 2-dimensional resistivity profiling, and high-resolution topographic mapping. The results of this effort will be used in consideration of designing a potential follow-on effort for mapping of radon.

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Hill Air Force Base, Utah Hill Air Force Base, Utah Case Study - Hill Air Force Base, Utah October 7, 2013 - 2:00pm Addthis Overview Energy savings performance contracting at Hill Air Force Base generated much interest during a recent training session on energy management that downlinked 12 Department of Defense sites. Energy systems in 940 buildings on the Base will be upgraded under an 18-year ESPC between the Government and the energy service company, CES/Way. Improvements are distributed over five task orders that will be completed in five years, with CES/Way providing $2.5 million in up-front costs for the first two task orders. Utah Power & Light will provide $8 million in rebates to help cover the contractor's initial investment, maintenance services, and interest costs.

CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company The Office of Hea1th, Safety and Security's Office of Enforcement and Oversight has evaluated the facts and circumstances of a series of radiological work deficiencies at the Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) and the 105 K-East Reactor Facility (105KE Reactor) by CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company (CHPRC). The radiological work deficiencies at PFP are documented in the April 29, 2011, Department of Energy Richland Operations Office (DOE-RL) Surveillance Report S-11-SED-CHP~C-PFP-002, Planning and Execution of Radiological Work. S-11-SED-CHPRC-PFP-002 documented four examples where inadequate hazard analysis resulted in airborne radioactivity that exceeded the limits of the controlling radiological work permit.

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EA-1849: Final Environmental Assessment EA-1849: Final Environmental Assessment EA-1849: Final Environmental Assessment Tuscarora Geothermal Power Plant, Elko County, Nevada; Jersey Valley Geothermal Project, Pershing County, Nevada; and McGuiness Hills Geothermal Project, Lander County, Nevada Ormat Nevada Inc. (ORMAT), through its subsidiaries, proposes to construct and operate three geothermal power production facilities and associated power transmission lines in northern Nevada. The power production facilities include the Tuscarora Geothermal Power Plant Facility (Tuscarora Facility) in Elko County, the Jersey Valley Geothermal Development Facility (Jersey Valley Facility) in Pershing County, and the McGinness Hills Geothermal Facility (McGinness Hills Facility) in Lander County (Figure 1).

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Fenton Hill Hdr Fenton Hill Hdr Area (Laughlin, Et Al., 1983) Exploration Activity Details Location Fenton Hill Hdr Area Exploration Technique Compound and Elemental Analysis Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes Thin sections were prepared of the different lithologies from each core. Standard petrographic techniques were used to identify constituent minerals and to obtain modal analyses. The number of points counted varied from about 500 to several thousand, depending upon the grain size of the rock. Whole-rock chemical analysis was performed by John Husler, University of New Mexico, using a variety of techniques (Laughlin and Eddy, 1977). The precision for SiO2 is + 1% relative; for the other oxides it is + 2% relative. Accuracy was monitored by using USGS standard rock samples. Where

Results of recent flow testing at Fenton Hill, New Mexico, have been examined in light of their applicability to the development of commercial-scale hot dry rock (HDR) reservoirs at other sites. These test results, obtained during the cumulative 11 months of reservoir flow testing between 1992 and 1995, show that there was no significant production temperature drawdown during this time and that the reservoir flow became more dispersed as flow testing proceeded. Based on these test results together with previous HDR research at Fenton Hill and elsewhere, it is concluded that a three-well geometry, with one centrally located injection well and two production wells -- one at each end of the pressure-stimulated reservoir region -- would provide a much more productive system for future HDR development than the two-well system tested at Fenton Hill.

6, 2007 6, 2007 Mr. John Fulton Chief Executive Officer CH2M Hill Hanford Group, Inc. 2440 Stevens Drive Richland, Washington 99352 Dear Mr. Fulton: The Department of Energy (DOE) held an Enforcement Conference on August 29, 2006, with CH2M Hill Hanford Group (CHG) to discuss potential violations of nuclear safety requirements described in our Investigation Summary Report dated July 26, 2006. At that time, DOE elected to defer a decision on a potential quality improvement violation related to recurring radiological events and deficiencies in the identification and control of radiological hazards at the Tank Farms. This decision was based upon the fact that CHG senior management had initiated radiological work improvements but insufficient data was available to assess their effectiveness. On July 12, 2007, Office of Enforcement

Definitions of the extent of the Loess Hills of the Missouri River valley have become smaller over the last century. The reduced extent of the Hills, as represented in both promotional and scientific literature, no longer accurately reflects...

Between 1975 and 1977, the Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB) carried out a study of the overspeed effect over a hill in the surface boundary layer. The hill in question was situated in open c...

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SAND95-2448C SAND95-2448C eddfigt6qI7-*+ To be presented at the 32"d AIANASMEISAEIASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, Lake Buena Vista, FL, July 1-3, 1996 A SURVEY OF COMBUSTIBLE METALS, THERMITES, AND INTERMETALLICS FOR PYROTECHNIC APPLICATIONS* S. H. Fischer and M. C. Grubelich Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, NM 87185-1453 ABSTRACT Thermite mixtures, intermetallic reactants, and metal fuels have long been used in pyrotechnic applications. Advantage of these systems typically include high energy density, impact insensitivity, high combustion temperature, and a wide range of gas production. They generally exhibit high temperature stability, and possess insensitive ignition properties. In this paper, we review the applications, benefits, and characteristics

Macrodispersion in sand-shale sequences is investigated by a series of numerical tracer tests. Hydraulic conductivity is modeled as a binary, spatially correlated random function. Realizations of the random conductivity field are simulated on a nodal grid discretizing the heterogeneous formation. Corresponding realizations of the random velocity field are obtained by solving the equation for saturated steady state flow. Particle tracking, with flux-weighted tracer injection and detection, is used to generate experimental residence time distributions (RTDs). Moments of the RTD are used to characterize longitudinal tracer spreading. Results show that macrodispersive transport in sand-shale sequences cannot be represented by a Fickian model. RTDs display a bimodal structural caused by the fast arrival of particles traveling along preferential sandstone and shale. The relative importance of channeling and tortuous flow transport mechanisms is determined by sand-shale conductivity contrast, shale volume fraction, and conductivity spatial correlation structure. Channeling is promoted by high conductivity contrasts, low shale fractions, and flow parallel to bedding in anisotropic media. Low contrasts, high shale fractions, and flow perpendicular to bedding act to break up channels and to enhance tracer spreading.

of recent flow testing at Fenton Hill, New Mexico, have been examined in light of their applicability and elsewhere, it is concluded that a three-well geometry, with one centrally located injection well and two production wells -- one at each end of the pressure-stimulated reservoir region -- would provide a much more

The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) recently provided technical support for ongoing environmental remediation activities at the Shepley’s Hill remediation site near Devens, MA (Figure 1). The technical support was requested as follow-on work to an initial screening level radiation survey conducted in 2008. The purpose of the original study was to assess the efficacy of the INL-developed Backpack Sodium Iodide System (BaSIS) for detecting elevated areas of natural radioactivity due to the decay of radon-222 gases emanating from the underlying fracture sets. Although the results from the initial study were mixed, the BaSIS radiation surveys did confirm that exposed bedrock outcrops have higher natural radioactivity than the surficial soils, thus a high potential for detecting elevated levels of radon and/or radon daughter products. (INL 2009) The short count times associated with the BaSIS measurements limited the ability of the system to respond to elevated levels of radioactivity from a subsurface source, in this instance radon gas emanating from fracture sets. Thus, it was postulated that a different methodology be employed to directly detect the radon in the soil gases. The CR-39 particle track detectors were investigated through an extensive literature and technology search. The relatively long deployment or “detection” time of several days, as well as the sensitivity of the measurement and robustness of the detectors made the CR-39 technology promising for deployment at the Shepley’s Hill site.

84: Final Environmental Assessment 84: Final Environmental Assessment EA-1584: Final Environmental AssessmentSand Point Wind Installation Project Sand Point, Alaska Based on an action by the U.S Congress, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has funding available to support the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA)'s Alaska Wind Energy Program. AEA proposes to provide funding received from DOE to Aleutian Wind Energy, LLC (AWE) to support the installation of a wind power generation system at the existing Tanadgusix Corporation (TDX) Power generation facility in Sand Point, Alaska. Environmental Assessment for Sand Point Wind Installation Project Sand Point, Alaska, DOE/EA -1584 (September 2009) More Documents & Publications EA-1584: Finding of No Significant Impact EA-1280: Final Environmental Assessment

We present experimental results for the penetration of a solid sphere when released onto wet sand. We show, by measuring the final penetration depth, that the cohesion induced by the water can result in either a deeper or shallower penetration for a given release height compared to dry granular material. Thus the presence of water can either lubricate or stiffen the granular material. By assuming the shear rate is proportional to the impact velocity and using the depth-averaged stopping force in calculating the shear stress, we derive effective viscosities for the wet granular materials.

Methods for treating a tar sands formation are described herein. Methods may include heating at least a section of a hydrocarbon layer in the formation from a plurality of heaters located in the formation. A pressure in the majority of the section may be maintained below a fracture pressure of the formation. The pressure in the majority of the section may be reduced to a selected pressure after the average temperature reaches a temperature that is above 240.degree. C. and is at or below pyrolysis temperatures of hydrocarbons in the section. At least some hydrocarbon fluids may be produced from the formation.

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Methods for treating a tar sands formation are described herein. Methods may include heating at least a section of a hydrocarbon layer in the formation from a plurality of heaters located in the formation. The heat may be controlled so that at least a majority of the section reaches an average temperature of between 200.degree. C. and 240.degree. C., which results in visbreaking of at least some hydrocarbons in the section. At least some visbroken hydrocarbon fluids may be produced from the formation.

The author examines induction log responses to a thinly laminated sand/shale sequence in a deviated borehole for arbitrary deviation (or dip) angle and sand/shale composition. He found that the induction log responses in a thinly laminated sand/shale sequence are the same as they would be if the tool is placed in a homogeneous but anisotropic formation with the horizontal and vertical conductivities given respectively by the parallel and the series conductivities of the sequence. Conversely, a thinly laminated sand/shale sequence can be identified as an anisotropic formation by induction logs. He discusses three methods to identify an anisotropic formation using induction-type logs alone.

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About 2 billion bbl of oil-in-place are present in the massive diatomite deposits of California's Lost Hills field, about 45 miles north-west of Bakersfield, Calif. Massive hydraulic fracturing treatments, 2,500-3,000 lb of proppant/net perforated ft, are an integral part of developing these reserves. An exclusive fracturing alliance initiated in 1990 between Chevron U.S.A. and Schlumberger Dowell has improved profitability of the Los Hills field. the paper describes the geology, the field before 1987, the 1987--90 period when hydraulic fracturing stimulation was found to be very costly, and after 1990 when the alliance was formed. The paper also describes the fracturing fluid, proppants, engineering evaluation, and execution of the job.

SANDIA SANDIA REPORT SAND93-1076 * u_qo UnlimitedRelease 1 Pdnted November 1993 :ii l Standard Testing Procedures for Optical Fiber and Unshielded Twisted Pair at Sandia National Laboratories R. L. Adams Pe,_e,d by Sand!a Nm#ocml L.abomlodN Albuquerque, NewMexlooI71U and Uvermore,California$M860 for the UnitedStatesDepartment ofEnergy underContract DE.ACOI-MALIIf_D SF2900Q(8-81 } _IITRIEIUTION OF THiS DGCU,VltZNT 18 UNLIMITED k Issued by Sandia National Laboratories, operated for the United States Department of Energy by Sandia Corporation. NOTICE. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their c_ntractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability

Aeolian sand beds exhibit regular patterns of ripples resulting from the interaction between topography and sediment transport. Their characteristics have been so far related to reptation transport caused by the impacts on the ground of grains entrained by the wind into saltation. By means of direct numerical simulations of grains interacting with a wind flow, we show that the instability turns out to be driven by resonant grain trajectories, whose length is close to a ripple wavelength and whose splash leads to a mass displacement towards the ripple crests. The pattern selection results from a compromise between this destabilizing mechanism and a diffusive downslope transport which stabilizes small wavelengths. The initial wavelength is set by the ratio of the sediment flux and the erosion/deposition rate, a ratio which increases linearly with the wind velocity. We show that this scaling law, in agreement with experiments, originates from an interfacial layer separating the saltation zone from the static sand bed, where momentum transfers are dominated by mid-air collisions. Finally, we provide quantitative support for the use the propagation of these ripples as a proxy for remote measurements of sediment transport.

The microstructure of oil sand samples extracted at a depth of 75 m from the estuarine Middle McMurray formation (Alberta, Canada) has been investigated by using high resolution 3D X-Ray microtomography ($\\mu$CT) and Cryo Scanning Electron Microscopy (CryoSEM). $\\mu$CT images evidenced some dense areas composed of highly angular grains surrounded by fluids that are separated by larger pores full of gas. 3D Image analysis provided in dense areas porosity values compatible with in-situ log data and macroscopic laboratory determinations, showing that they are representative of intact states. $\\mu$CT hence provided some information on the morphology of the cracks and disturbance created by gas expansion. The CryoSEM technique, in which the sample is freeze fractured within the SEM chamber prior to observation, provided pictures in which the (frozen) bitumen clearly appears between the sand grains. No evidence of the existence of a thin connate water layer between grains and the bitumen, frequently mentioned in th...

Screening tests of Sand Mantis candidate materials selected for erosion resistance have been completed. The results of this testing identified that over a relatively short period of operation (<1 hour), measurable erosion will occur in each of the candidate zoom tube materials given equal operating exposure. Additionally, this testing has shown that erosion of the rubber discharge hose directly downstream of the vehicle could be expected to limit the service life of the discharge hose. On the basis of these test results, SRNL recommends the following; {lg_bullet} redesign of critical system components (e.g., zoom tube, discharge hose) should be conducted to improve system characteristics relative to erosion and capitalize on the results of this testing, {lg_bullet} continued efforts to deploy the Sand Mantis should include testing to better define and optimize operating parameters, and gain an understanding of system dynamics, {lg_bullet} discontinue wear testing with the selected materials pending redesign of critical system components (1st recommendation) and inclusion of other candidate materials. The final selection of additional candidate materials should be made following design changes, but might include a Stellite alloy or zirconia.

In August 2005, the U.S. Congress enacted the Energy Policy Act of 2005, Public Law 109-58. In Section 369 of this Act, also known as the 'Oil Shale, Tar Sands, and Other Strategic Unconventional Fuels Act of 2005', Congress declared that oil shale and tar sands (and other unconventional fuels) are strategically important domestic energy resources that should be developed to reduce the nation's growing dependence on oil from politically and economically unstable foreign sources. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is developing a Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) to evaluate alternatives for establishing commercial oil shale and tar sands leasing programs in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah. This PEIS evaluates the potential impacts of alternatives identifying BLM-administered lands as available for application for commercial leasing of oil shale resources within the three states and of tar sands resources within Utah. The scope of the analysis of the PEIS also includes an assessment of the potential effects of future commercial leasing. This Class I cultural resources study is in support of the Draft Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resource Management Plan Amendments to Address Land Use Allocations in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming and Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement and is an attempt to synthesize archaeological data covering the most geologically prospective lands for oil shale and tar sands in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. This report is based solely on geographic information system (GIS) data held by the Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming State Historic Preservation Offices (SHPOs). The GIS data include the information that the BLM has provided to the SHPOs. The primary purpose of the Class I cultural resources overview is to provide information on the affected environment for the PEIS. Furthermore, this report provides recommendations to support planning decisions and the management of cultural resources that could be impacted by future oil shale and tar sands resource development.

Abstract A better understanding of seismic wave attenuation in hydrate-bearing sediments is needed for the improved geophysical quantification of seafloor methane hydrates, important for climate change, geohazard and economic resource assessment. Hence, we conducted a series of small strain (hydrate-bearing sands under excess-water seafloor conditions. The results show a complex dependence of P- and S-wave attenuation on hydrate saturation and morphology. P- and S-wave attenuation in excess-water hydrate-bearing sand is much higher than in excess-gas hydrate-bearing sand and increases with hydrate saturation between 0 and 0.44 (the experimental range). Theoretical modelling suggests that load-bearing hydrate is an important cause of heightened attenuation for both P- and S-waves in gas and water saturated sands, while pore-filling hydrate also contributes significantly to P-wave attenuation in water saturated sands. A squirt flow attenuation mechanism, related to microporous hydrate and low aspect ratio pores at the interface between sand grains and hydrate, is thought to be responsible for the heightened levels of attenuation in hydrate-bearing sands at low hydrate saturations (<0.44).

mines, but Western Colorado sand and gravel mining is also discussed. The similarities and differencesSAND AND GRAVEL MINING IN COLORADO RIPARIAN HABITATS Ma rk A. He i fner Supervising Mined Land Reclamation Specialist Colorado Division of Mined Land Reclamation 723 Centennial Building 1313 Sherman

...surface as an oil sands reservoir, which facilitates...the base (2). Porosity in the cleaner sands...and so on), the porosity or permeability patterns in the reservoir can be viewed as...University ofPittsburgh rock magne-tism laboratory...

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Given the high cost to drill and complete tight gas sand wells, advances in drilling and completion technology that result in even modest cost savings to the producer have the potential to generate tremendous savings for the natural gas industry. The Gas Research Institute sponsored a study to evaluate drilling and completion costs in selected tight gas sands. The objective of the study was to identify major expenditures associated with tight gas sand development and determine their relative significance. A substantial sample of well cost data was collected for the study. Individual well cost data were collected from nearly 300 wells in three major tight gas sand formations: the Cotton Valley sand in East Texas, the Frontier sand in Wyoming, and the Wilcox sand in South Texas. The data were collected and organized by cost category for each formation. After the information was input into a data base, a simple statistical analysis was performed. The statistical analysis identified data discrepancies that were then resolved, and it helped allow conclusions to be drawn regarding drilling and completion costs in these tight sand formations. Results are presented.

Department of Justice: CH2M Hill Hanford Group Inc. Admits Criminal Department of Justice: CH2M Hill Hanford Group Inc. Admits Criminal Conduct, Parent Company Agrees to Cooperate in Ongoing Investigation and Pay $18.5 Million to Resolve Civil and Criminal Allegations Department of Justice: CH2M Hill Hanford Group Inc. Admits Criminal Conduct, Parent Company Agrees to Cooperate in Ongoing Investigation and Pay $18.5 Million to Resolve Civil and Criminal Allegations March 7, 2013 - 12:00pm Addthis The Justice Department, in conjunction with the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Washington, announced today that Colorado-based CH2M Hill Hanford Group Inc. (CHG) and its parent company, CH2M Hill Companies Ltd. (CH2M Hill) have agreed that CHG committed federal criminal violations, defrauding the public by engaging in years of widespread time

CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company for Plateau CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company for Plateau Remediation Contract at its Hanford Site DOE Selects CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company for Plateau Remediation Contract at its Hanford Site June 19, 2008 - 1:29pm Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced that CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company has been selected as the plateau remediation contractor for DOE's Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State. The contract is a cost-plus award-fee contract valued at approximately $4.5 billion over ten years (a five-year base period with the option to extend it for another five years). CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company is a limited liability company formed by CH2M Hill Constructors, Inc. The team also includes AREVA Federal

A method and apparatus for utilizing tar sands having a broad range of bitumen content is disclosed. More particularly, tar sands are pyrolyzed in a cyclone retort with high temperature gases recycled from the cyclone retort to produce oil and hydrocarbon products. The spent tar sands are then burned at 2000/degree/F in a burner to remove residual char and produce a solid waste that is easily disposable. The process and apparatus have the advantages of being able to utilize tar sands having a broad range of bitumen content and the advantage of producing product gases that are free from combustion gases and thereby have a higher heating value. Another important advantage is rapid pyrolysis of the tar sands in the cyclone so as to effectively utilize smaller sized reactor vessels for reducing capitol and operating costs. 1 fig., 1 tab.

A method and apparatus for utilizing tar sands having a broad range of bitumen content is disclosed. More particularly, tar sands are pyrolyzed in a cyclone retort with high temperature gases recycled from the cyclone retort to produce oil and hydrocarbon products. The spent tar sands are then burned at 2000.degree. F. in a burner to remove residual char and produce a solid waste that is easily disposable. The process and apparatus have the advantages of being able to utilize tar sands having a broad range of bitumen content and the advantage of producing product gases that are free from combustion gases and thereby have a higher heating value. Another important advantage is rapid pyrolysis of the tar sands in the cyclone so as to effectively utilize smaller sized reactor vessels for reducing capitol and operating costs.

Silicon, in the form of silica and silicates, is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust. However the synthesis of silicones (scheme 1) and almost all organosilicon chemistry is only accessible through elemental silicon. Silicon dioxide (sand or quartz) is converted to chemical-grade elemental silicon in an energy intensive reduction process, a result of the exceptional thermodynamic stability of silica. Then, the silicon is reacted with methyl chloride to give a mixture of methylchlorosilanes catalyzed by cooper containing a variety of tract metals such as tin, zinc etc. The so-called direct process was first discovered at GE in 1940. The methylchlorosilanes are distilled to purify and separate the major reaction components, the most important of which is dimethyldichlorosilane. Polymerization of dimethyldichlorosilane by controlled hydrolysis results in the formation of silicone polymers. Worldwide, the silicones industry produces about 1.3 billion pounds of the basic silicon polymer, polydimethylsiloxane.

The particle volume and particle mass production rate of particulate solids entrained in fluid flowstreams such as formation sand or fracture proppant entrained in oil and gas production flowstreams is determined by a system having a metal probe interposed in a flow conduit for transmitting acoustic emissions created by particles impacting the probe to a sensor and signal processing circuit which produces discrete signals related to the impact of each of the particles striking the probe. The volume or mass flow rate of particulates is determined from making an initial particle size distribution and particle energy distribution and comparing the initial energy distribution and/or the initial size distribution with values related to the impact energies of a predetermined number of recorded impacts. The comparison is also used to recalibrate the system to compensate for changes in flow velocity.

Logging-while-drilling data acquired during the 2009 Gulf of Mexico (GoM) Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II program combined with features observed in seismic data allow assessment of the depositional environment, geometry, and internal architecture of gas-hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs from three sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM): Walker Ridge 313, Alaminos Canyon 21, and Green Canyon 955. The site descriptions assist in the understanding of the geological development of gas-hydrate-bearing sands and in the assessment of their energy production potential. Three sand-rich units are described from the Walker Ridge site, including multiple ponded sand-bodies representing turbidite channel and associated levee and terminal lobe environments within the Terrebonne basin on the lower slope of the GoM. Older units display fewer but greater-reservoir-quality channel and proximal levee facies as compared to thinner, more continuous, and unconfined sheet-like sands that characterize the younger units, suggesting a decrease in depositional gradient with time in the basin. The three wells in the Green Canyon 955 site penetrated proximal levee sands within a previously recognized Late Pleistocene basin floor turbidite-channel-levee complex. Reservoirs encountered in GC955 exhibit thin-bedded internal structure and complex fault compartmentalization. Two wells drilled in the Alaminos Canyon 21 site tested a large, shallow, sand unit within the Diana mini-basin that exhibits steep lateral margins, non-sinuous elongate form, and flat base with hummocky upper surface. These features suggest deposition as a mass-transport deposit consisting of remobilized sand-rich turbidites or as a large basin-floor fan that was potentially eroded and buried by later-stage, mud-prone, mass-transport deposits.

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As North American oilfield operations mature, there is a perceptible loosening of the autocratic ties between oil companies and contractors. They are being replaced by alliances or partnerships designed to minimize cost while improving profitability of the companies involved. Many papers have been written concerning alliance theory, but little documentation exists detailing actual performance. This paper evaluates a mature alliance, its implementation, structure and results. In Lost Hills, California, the diatomite formation requires hydraulic fracturing to allow oil recovery at profitable production rates. Because hydraulic fracturing is approximately two-thirds of the total well cost, it is imperative that fracturing investments be optimized to allow field development to proceed at optimum levels. Therefore, in 1990, a fracturing alliance (the first of its kind) was initiated between Chevron and Schlumberger Dowell. Over 1 billion lbm of sand has been successfully placed during approximately 2,000 fracture stimulation jobs. Through this prototype fracturing alliance, many major accomplishments are being achieved. The most notable are the hydraulic fracturing costs that have been reduced by 40% while improving the profitability of both companies. This paper illustrates the benefits of an alliance and justifies the change in management style from a low-bid operating strategy to a win-win customer/supplier attitude.

Microwave Pickup on the Crawford Hill 7-meter Telescope Jeff McMahon Project Advisor: Suzanne-Meter Telescope The Crawford Hill 7-meter telescope located at Bell labs in Holmdel, New Jersey is being considered for use in the CapMAP project. This antenna is a 7-meter offset Cassegrain reflector antenna

Foredunes are formed and developed in association with vegetation. A bare sand area has been viewed as a measure of dune mobility or activity and researched in association with climate controls: particularly wind power, annual mean precipitation...

Experiments were carried out to observe the formation and decomposition of hydrocarbon gas hydrates in an unconsolidated sand pack 4.4 cm in diameter and ... 43 bars and 5 to 10°C; gas used was 90% methane and 10...

Large quantities of oil-contaminated sands resulted from the destruction of oil wells and the formation of oil lakes in Kuwait at the end of the Gulf Wa/r. A laboratory testing program was carried out to determine the geotechnical properties of this material and the effect of aging on their properties. Tests included direct shear, triaxial, and consolidation tests on clean and contaminated sand at the same relative density. The influence of aging was examined by testing uncontaminated sand after aging for one, three, and six months in natural environmental conditions. The results indicated increased strength and stiffness due to aging and a reduction of the oil content due to evaporation of volatile compounds. The factors that influence the depth of oil penetration in compacted sand columns were also examined including the type of oil, relative density, and the amount of fines.

Turkey Hill Dairy: Where Energy is Not Left Flapping in the Wind Turkey Hill Dairy: Where Energy is Not Left Flapping in the Wind Turkey Hill Dairy: Where Energy is Not Left Flapping in the Wind December 21, 2011 - 11:26am Addthis These two General Electric wind turbines, erected in January 2011 on the Frey Farm landfill adjacent to Turkey Hill Dairy's ice cream and sweet iced tea plant in Lancaster County, Penn., are expected to produce 7.5 million kWh of electricity annually. | Photo courtesy of Lancaster County Solid Waste Management Authority. These two General Electric wind turbines, erected in January 2011 on the Frey Farm landfill adjacent to Turkey Hill Dairy's ice cream and sweet iced tea plant in Lancaster County, Penn., are expected to produce 7.5 million kWh of electricity annually. | Photo courtesy of Lancaster County Solid

Town of Kill Devil Hills - Wind Energy Systems Ordinance Town of Kill Devil Hills - Wind Energy Systems Ordinance Town of Kill Devil Hills - Wind Energy Systems Ordinance < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Industrial Institutional Local Government Nonprofit Residential Schools Savings Category Wind Buying & Making Electricity Program Info State North Carolina Program Type Solar/Wind Permitting Standards Provider Kill Devil Hills Planning and Inspections In October 2007, the town of Kill Devil Hills adopted an ordinance to regulate the use of wind-energy systems. The ordinance directs any individual or organization wishing to install a wind-energy system to obtain a zoning permit from the town planning board. '''Size Requirements:''' Wind turbine towers are restricted to a height of 80 feet with a maximum rotor size of 23 feet in diameter. The combined

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An advanced logging research program is one major aspect of the Western Tight Sands Program. Purpose of this workshop is to help BETC define critical logging needs for tight gas sands and to allow free interchange of ideas on all aspects of the current logging research program. Sixteen papers and abstracts are included together with discussions. Separate abstracts have been prepared for the 12 papers. (DLC)

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON RELATIVE PERMEABILITY OF UNCONSOLIDATED SAND A Thesis By SIMON YSRAEL Submitted to the Graduate College of the Texas A%M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE.... Summary of Water Flood at 150 F VII. Summary of Water Flood at 293 F 48 49 50 ABSTRACT The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of temperature on relative permeability of unconsolidated sand. The present work was performed...

Methods for treating a tar sands formation are disclosed herein. Methods for treating a tar sands formation may include providing heat to at least part of a hydrocarbon layer in the formation from one or more heaters located in the formation. Pressure may be allowed to increase in an upper portion of the formation to provide a gas cap in the upper portion. At least some hydrocarbons are produced from a lower portion of the formation.

Donoghue et al.1 MODEL FOR IDENTIFYING AND CHARACTERIZING OFFSHORE SAND SOURCES USING of offshore sand bodies. Such sand bodies might be suitable as borrow sand for renourishment projects, an interpretation of the regional patterns in offshore sediment characteristics, and a knowledge of the regional sea

Abstract Two kinds of silica sand powder with different particle size were used to investigate the phase behavior of methane hydrate bearing sediment. In coarse-grained silica sand, the measured temperature and pressure range was (281.1 to 284.2) K and (5.9 to 7.8) MPa, respectively. In fine-grained silica sand, the measured temperature and pressure range was (281.5 to 289.5) K and (7.3 to 16.0) MPa, respectively. The results show that the effect of coarse-grained silica sand on methane hydrate phase equilibrium can be ignored; however, the effect of fine-grained silica sand on methane hydrate phase equilibrium is significant, which is attributed to the depression of water activity caused by the hydrophilicity and negatively charged characteristic of silica particle as well as the pore capillary pressure. Besides, the analysis of experimental results using the Gibbs–Thomson equation shows that methane hydrate phase equilibrium is related to the pore size distribution of silica sand. Consequently, for the correct application of phase equilibrium data of hydrate bearing sediment, the geological condition and engineering requirement should be taken into consideration in gas production, resource evaluation, etc.

Final Environmental Assessment Final Environmental Assessment EA-1824: Final Environmental Assessment Loan Guarantee to Record Hill Wind, LLC for Construction of a Wind Energy Project in Roxbury, Maine The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is proposing to issue a loan guarantee to Record Hill Wind LLC (Record Hill) for the construction of a 50.6 megawatt (MW) wind energy project located in Roxbury, Maine. DOE has prepared this Final Environmental Assessment (EA) in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) (42 United States Code [USC] 4321, et. seq.) Council on Environmental Quality regulations for implementing NEPA (40 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] Parts 1500-1508) and DOE NEPA regulations (10 CFR Part 1021). The EA examines the potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed action, as well as alternatives

and The Hill Forest/Slocum Camp for the evening of April 29, and morning of April 30. I live in an assisted of discharged veterans appeared at the Hill Forest. Most of us had about 1-2 years of college before the call of the faculty in May. Dean Hofmann strongly advised me to attend the Hill Forest Camp before entering classes

a medieval forest and an Iron Age hill fort, covers 10,000 hectares on the Devon/Somerset border. The area and programmes of events. Â· Forest School: expanding the Blackdown Hills Forest School to provide outdoorNeroche Enhancing and celebrating the Blackdown Hills objectives The Neroche Scheme, named after

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The Portland metropolitan area historically is the most seismically active region in Oregon. At least three potentially active faults are located in the immediate vicinity of downtown Portland, with the Portland Hills Fault (PHF) extending directly beneath downtown Portland. The faults are poorly understood, and the surface geologic record does not provide the information required to assess the seismic hazards associated with them. The limited geologic information stems from a surface topography that has not maintained a cumulative geologic record of faulting, in part, due to rapid erosion and deposition from late Pleistocene catastrophic flood events and a possible strike-slip component of the faults. We integrated multiple high-resolution geophysical techniques, including seismic reflection, ground penetrating radar (GPR), and magnetic methods, with regional geological and geophysical surveys to determine that the Portland Hills Fault is presently active with a zone of deformation that extends at least 400 m. The style of deformation is consistent with at least two major earthquakes in the last 12–15 ka, as confirmed by a sidehill excavation trench. High-resolution geophysical methods provide detailed images of the upper 100 m across the active fault zone. The geophysical images are critical to characterizing the structural style within the zone of deformation, and when integrated with a paleoseismic trench, can accurately record the seismic history of a region with little surface geologic exposure.

The Fox Hills Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maestrichtian) was investigated where it crops out along the southern flank of the Williston basin and in the subsurface over the central portion of the basin, using 300 well logs. The formation is conformable and gradational with the underlying Pierre formation and can be either conformable or unconformable with the overlying Hell Creek Formation. The Fox Hills Formation is younger, thicker, and stratigraphically more complex to the east and is comprised of marginal marine sediments deposited during the final Cretaceous regression. To the west, the Fox Hills Formation is an upward-coarsening unit generally 30 to 45 m thick and usually contains three members: from the base, Trail City, Timber Lake, and Colgate. The lower Fox Hills (Trail City, Timber Lake) is generally dominated by hummocky bedding and contains a variety of trace fossils, most notably Ophiomorpha. The upper Fox Hills (Colgate), where present, is characterized by cross-bedding. To the east, including the type area, the section is generally 80 to 100 m thick and contains four members: from the base, Trail City, Timber Lake, Iron Lightning (Colgate and Bullhead lithofacies), and Linton. In contrast to the section in the west, this section is as much as three times thicker, contains abundant body fossils, generally lacks hummocky bedding, and contains the Bullhead and Linton strata. In the west, the strata represent lower shoreface deposits, predominantly of storm origin (lower Fox Hills), overlain by upper shoreface and fluvial deposits (upper Fox Hills). In the east, the lower Fox Hills contains deposits of the lower shoreface (Trail City) and a barrier bar complex (Timber Lake), overlain by the deltaic deposits of the upper Fox Hills (Iron Lightning, Linton).

9: Final Environmental Assessment 9: Final Environmental Assessment EA-1849: Final Environmental Assessment Tuscarora Geothermal Power Plant, Elko County, Nevada; Jersey Valley Geothermal Project, Pershing County, Nevada; and McGuiness Hills Geothermal Project, Lander County, Nevada Ormat Nevada Inc. (ORMAT), through its subsidiaries, proposes to construct and operate three geothermal power production facilities and associated power transmission lines in northern Nevada. The power production facilities include the Tuscarora Geothermal Power Plant Facility (Tuscarora Facility) in Elko County, the Jersey Valley Geothermal Development Facility (Jersey Valley Facility) in Pershing County, and the McGinness Hills Geothermal Facility (McGinness Hills Facility) in Lander County (Figure 1). The Hot Sulphur Springs Transmission Line (Transmission Line) would connect

Large quantities of oil-contaminated sands resulted from exploded oil wells, burning oil fires, the destruction of oil storage tanks, and the formation of oil lakes in Kuwait at the end of the Gulf War. An extensive laboratory testing program was carried out to determine the geotechnical characteristics of this material. Testing included basic properties, compaction and permeability tests, and triaxial and consolidation tests on clean and contaminated sand at the same relative density. Contaminated specimens were prepared by mixing the sand with oil in the amount of 6% by weight or less to match field conditions. The influence of the type of oil, and relative density was also investigated by direct shear tests. The results indicated a small reduction in strength and permeability and an increase in compressibility due to contamination. The preferred method of disposal of this material is to use it as a stabilizing material for other projects such as road construction.

Abstract An improved cleaning system has been developed that uses electrostatic force to remove sand from the surface of solar panels. A single-phase high voltage is applied to parallel wire electrodes embedded in the cover glass plate of a solar panel. It has been demonstrated that more than 90% of the adhering sand is repelled from the surface of the slightly inclined panel after the cleaning operation. The performance of the system was further improved by improving the electrode configuration and introducing natural wind on the surface of the panel, even when the deposition of sand on the panel is extremely high. The power consumption of this system is virtually zero. This technology is expected to increase the effective efficiency of mega solar power plants constructed in deserts at low latitudes.

Wind River Resources Corporation (WRRC) received a DOE grant in support of its proposal to acquire, process and interpret fifteen square miles of high-quality 3-D seismic data on non-allotted trust lands of the Uintah and Ouray (Ute) Indian Reservation, northeastern Utah, in 2000. Subsequent to receiving notice that its proposal would be funded, WRRC was able to add ten square miles of adjacent state and federal mineral acreage underlying tribal surface lands by arrangement with the operator of the Flat Rock Field. The twenty-five square mile 3-D seismic survey was conducted during the fall of 2000. The data were processed through the winter of 2000-2001, and initial interpretation took place during the spring of 2001. The initial interpretation identified multiple attractive drilling prospects, two of which were staked and permitted during the summer of 2001. The two initial wells were drilled in September and October of 2001. A deeper test was drilled in June of 2002. Subsequently a ten-well deep drilling evaluation program was conducted from October of 2002 through March 2004. The present report discusses the background of the project; design and execution of the 3-D seismic survey; processing and interpretation of the data; and drilling, completion and production results of a sample of the wells drilled on the basis of the interpreted survey. Fifteen wells have been drilled to test targets identified on the North Hill Creek 3-D Seismic Survey. None of these wildcat exploratory wells has been a dry hole, and several are among the best gas producers in Utah. The quality of the data produced by this first significant exploratory 3-D survey in the Uinta Basin has encouraged other operators to employ this technology. At least two additional 3-D seismic surveys have been completed in the vicinity of the North Hill Creek Survey, and five additional surveys are being planned for the 2004 field season. This project was successful in finding commercial oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production on a remote part of the Uintah & Ouray Reservation. Much of the natural gas and natural gas liquids are being produced from the Wingate Formation, which to our knowledge has never produced commercially anywhere. Another large percentage of the natural gas is being produced from the Entrada Formation which has not previously produced in this part of the Uinta Basin. In all, at least nine geologic formations are contributing hydrocarbons to these wells. This survey has clearly established the fact that high-quality data can be obtained in this area, despite the known obstacles.

With the exception of Sand Springs in Williamstown, Massachusetts, there are no identifiable hydrothermal geothermal resources in the New England region. The radioactive plutons of the White Mountains of New Hampshire do not, apparently, contain sufficient stored heat to make them a feasible target for an induced hydrothermal system such as exists at Fenton Hill near Los Alamos, New Mexico. The only potential source of low grade heat is the large volume of ground water contained within the unconsolidated sediments related to the Pleistocene glaciation of the region. During the course of the survey an unusual and unexplained thermal anomaly was discovered in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, which is described.

The inspection of pipelines by guided wave testing is a well-established method for the detection of corrosion defects in pipelines, and is currently used routinely in a variety of industries, e.g. petrochemical and energy. When the method is applied to pipes buried in soil, test ranges tend to be significantly compromised because of attenuation of the waves caused by energy radiating into the soil. Moreover, the variability of soil conditions dictates different attenuation characteristics, which in-turn results in different, unpredictable, test ranges. We investigate experimentally the propagation and attenuation characteristics of guided waves in pipes buried in fine sand using a well characterized full scale experimental apparatus. The apparatus consists of an 8 inch-diameter, 5.6-meters long steel pipe embedded over 3 meters of its length in a rectangular container filled with fine sand, and an air-bladder for the application of overburden pressure. Longitudinal and torsional guided waves are excited in the pipe and recorded using a transducer ring (Guided Ultrasonics Ltd). Acoustic properties of the sand are measured independently in-situ and used to make model predictions of wave behavior in the buried pipe. We present the methodology and the systematic measurements of the guided waves under a range of conditions, including loose and compacted sand. It is found that the application of overburden pressure modifies the compaction of the sand and increases the attenuation, and that the measurement of the acoustic properties of sand allows model prediction of the attenuation of guided waves in buried pipes with a high level of confidence.

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Kaiser-Hill Company - August 12, 2004 Kaiser-Hill Company - August 12, 2004 Enforcement Letter, Kaiser-Hill Company - August 12, 2004 August 12, 2004 Enforcement Letter issued to Kaiser-Hill Company, LLC related to a Water Treatment System Breach and Foam Fire at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site The Office of Price-Anderson Enforcement (OE) has reviewed the details and circumstances regarding two recent site events: the Building 771 unauthorized breach of the Water Treatment System in December 2003; and the February 2004 Building 991 foam fire. Both of these events represent significant breakdowns in your safety programs. Additionally, the general failure to adequately recognize hazards and implement effective controls observed in association with the Building 991 foam fire was an underlying deficiency in the 2003 Building

Finalizes $102 Million Loan Guarantee to Finalizes $102 Million Loan Guarantee to Record Hill Wind, LLC for Maine Wind Project Department of Energy Finalizes $102 Million Loan Guarantee to Record Hill Wind, LLC for Maine Wind Project August 15, 2011 - 11:08am Addthis Project Expected to Fund Approximately 200 Jobs and Provide Improvements to Wind Turbine Performance Washington D.C. - U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu today announced the Department of Energy finalized a $102 million loan guarantee to Record Hill Wind, LLC. The loan guarantee, in conjunction with an investment by the Yale University Endowment, will support the Record Hill wind project, which consists of a 50.6 megawatt wind power plant, an eight mile transmission line and associated interconnection equipment near the town of Roxbury,

LLC - LLC - EA-1999-06 Preliminary Notice of Violation, Kaiser-Hill Company,LLC - EA-1999-06 August 18, 1999 Preliminary Notice of Violation issued to Kaiser-Hill Company, LLC, related to the Procurement of Waste Containers at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, August 18, 1999 This letter refers to the Department of Energy's (DOE) evaluation of a number of deficiencies related to the procurement, design control, work processes, and quality improvement aspects of nuclear waste containers and nuclear waste components during 1997 and 1998. Kaiser-Hill Company, L.L.C. (KHLL) procured many of these items for initial use at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site and for eventual shipment to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Preliminary Notice of Violation, Kaiser-Hill Company,LLC - EA-1999-06

Fenton Hill Hdr Geothermal Area (Laughlin, Et Al., Fenton Hill Hdr Geothermal Area (Laughlin, Et Al., 1983) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Petrography Analysis At Fenton Hill Hdr Geothermal Area (Laughlin, Et Al., 1983) Exploration Activity Details Location Fenton Hill Hdr Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Petrography Analysis Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes Thin sections were prepared of the different lithologies from each core. Standard petrographic techniques were used to identify constituent minerals and to obtain modal analyses. The number of points counted varied from about 500 to several thousand, depending upon the grain size of the rock. Whole-rock chemical analysis was performed by John Husler, University of New Mexico, using a variety of techniques (Laughlin and Eddy, 1977). The

engineers and support staff members, the client's representatives, and representatives of two other consulting engineering firms working on the project. Thus, the internship position at CH?M HILL provided considerable experience...

LOS ALAMOS, N.M. – Supporting future land use for the U.S. Forest Service, Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Corrective Actions Program (CAP) completed sampling soil at Fenton Hill in the Jemez Mountains this month.

for Violating Nuclear Safety Rules for Violating Nuclear Safety Rules DOE Cites CH2M Hill Hanford for Violating Nuclear Safety Rules March 10, 2005 - 10:44am Addthis Hanford Tank Farm Contractor Faces Fine of more than $300,000 WASHINGTON, DC - The Department of Energy (DOE) today notified the CH2M Hill Hanford Group, Inc. (CH2M Hill) - that it will fine the company $316,250 for violations of the department's nuclear safety requirements. CH2M Hill is the department's contractor responsible for storage of highly radioactive and hazardous liquid waste at the Hanford Tank Farms near Richland, Wash. The Preliminary Notice of Violation (PNOV) issued today, cites four events that took place in 2003 and 2004. These events include the contamination of several workers while removing equipment from a valve pit

sands have been proposed in the petroleum literature. Kuuskraa, V.A. and Haas, M.R. proposed that “tight gas is merely an arbitrary delineation of a natural geologic continuity in the permeability of a reservoir rock. The dominant characteristic...-situ permeability as low as 0.001 mD”6. 10 Misra, R. proposed that “tight gas sands are reservoirs that have low permeability (< 0.1 mD) and which cannot be produced at economic flow rates or do not produce economic volumes without the assistance from...

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sands have been proposed in the petroleum literature. Kuuskraa, V.A. and Haas, M.R. proposed that ?tight gas is merely an arbitrary delineation of a natural geologic continuity in the permeability of a reservoir rock. The dominant characteristic...-situ permeability as low as 0.001 mD?6. 10 Misra, R. proposed that ?tight gas sands are reservoirs that have low permeability (< 0.1 mD) and which cannot be produced at economic flow rates or do not produce economic volumes without the assistance from...

Results obtained from a program designed to locate a low- or moderate-temperature geothermal resource that might exist beneath Hill Air Force Base (AFB), Ogden, Utah are discussed. A phased exploration program was conducted at Hill AFB. Published geological, geochemical, and geophysical reports on the area were examined, regional exploration was conducted, and two thermal gradient holes were drilled. This program demonstrated that thermal waters are not present in the shallow subsurface at this site. (MHR)

The bistatic scattering characteristics of two geologically distinct abyssal hills located on the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge known as B ? and C ? are experimentally compared using data acquired with low-frequency towed-array systems at 1 2 convergence zone (?33 km) stand-off. The comparison is significant because the abyssal hills span the two classes of elevated seafloor crust that cover the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The highly lineated B ? feature is representative of abyssal hills composed of outside corner crust the most commonly occurring category whereas the domed C ? promontory is representative of the rougher low-aspect-ratio abyssal hills composed of inside corner crust. The latter are less common and usually restricted to segment valley margins. The mean biazimuthal scattering distributions of the two abyssal hills each exhibit Lambertian behavior with comparable albedos suggesting that the distinction between abyssal hills composed of differing crust is not significant in modeling long-range reverberation. The adverse effect of using bathymetry that undersamples seafloor projected area in scattering strength analysis is also quantified with data from the B ? ridge. Specifically the use of undersampled bathymetry can lead to significant overestimates in the strength of seafloor scattering.

Baylor University Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR) has conducted a phased, comprehensive evaluation of Lake Whitney to determine its suitability for use as a regional water supply reservoir. The area along the Interstate 35 corridor between Dallas / Fort Worth Metroplex and the Waco / Temple Centroplex represents one of the fastest growth areas in the State of Texas and reliable water supplies are critical to sustainable growth. Lake Whitney is situated midway between these two metropolitan areas. Currently, the City of Whitney as well as all of Bosque and Hill counties obtain their potable water from the Trinity Sands aquifer. Additionally, parts of the adjoining McLennan and Burleson counties utilize the Trinity sands aquifer system as a supplement to their surface water supplies. Population growth coupled with increasing demands on this aquifer system in both the Metroplex and Centroplex have resulted in a rapid depletion of groundwater in these rural areas. The Lake Whitney reservoir represents both a potentially local and regional solution for an area experiencing high levels of growth. Because of the large scope of this project as well as the local, regional and national implications, we have designed a multifaceted approach that will lead to the solution of numerous issues related to the feasibility of using Lake Whitney as a water resource to the region. Phase IA (USEPA, QAPP Study Elements 1-4) of this research focused on the physical limnology of the reservoir (bathymetry and fine scale salinity determination) and develops hydrodynamic watershed and reservoir models to evaluate how salinity would be expected to change with varying hydrologic and climatic factors. To this end, we implemented a basic water quality modeling program in collaboration with the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality to add to the developing long-term database on Lake Whitney. Finally, we conducted an initial assessment of knowledge of watershed and water quality related issues by local residents and stakeholders of Lake Whitney and design an intervention educational program to address any deficiencies discovered. Phase IA was funded primarily from EPA Cooperative Agreement X7-9769 8901-0. Phase IC (USEPA, QAPP Study Element 5) of this research focused on the ambient toxicity of the reservoir with respect to periodic blooms of golden algae. Phase IC was funded primarily from Cooperative Agreement EM-96638001. Phase 1B (USDOE, Study Elements 6-11) complemented work being done via EPA funding on study elements 1-5 and added five new study elements: 6) Salinity Transport in the Brazos Watershed to Lake Whitney; 7) Bacterial Assessment; 8) Organic Contaminant Analysis on Lake Whitney; 9) Plankton Photosynthesis; 10) Lake Whitney Resident Knowledge Assessment; and 11) Engineering Scoping Perspective: Recommendations for Use.

A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of sand burial on seed germination and seedling emergence of Cirsium pitcheri, a threatened species along Lake Huron sand dunes. In October 1996, seeds...

Nitrate-Cancrinite Precipitation on Quartz Sand in Simulated Hanford Tank Solutions B A R R Y R . B minerals at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford site in Washington. Nitrate-cancrinite began's (DOE) Hanford Site in southeast Washington since the late 1950s (1). To predict the fate

Water distribution measurement in sand using sound vibration and SLDV T. Sugimotoa , Y. Nakagawaa vibrator is used as a sound source. SLDV measures the vibration of ground surface. The propagation velocity between vibrator and measuring point is used to estimate the water distribution. Also, the soil

to determine how trees affect the behavior of these nutrients in soil water, both during growth and afterTree Harvest in an Experimental Sand Ecosystem: Plant Effects on Nutrient Dynamics and Solute Sciences/US Department of Agriculture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA; 4 USDA

The first commercial production of hydrocarbons from the Jurassic Haynesville Formation in southwestern Alabama was from the Frisco City field. The field currently produces 57.8{degree} API gravity oil on 160-ac well spacing from a depth of approximately 12,000 ft. Perforations are in the Frisco City sand interval, in the lower part of the Haynesville Formation. Average porosity is 15% and average permeability is 45 md. Currently, the field has two producing wells with cumulative production of over 138,876 bbl of oil and 213,144 mcf of gas. The hydrocarbon trap in the Frisco City field is a combination structural-stratigraphic trap. The Frisco City sand reservoir is located on a faulted anticline. The stratigraphic trap is produced by a permeability barrier near the crest of the structure and termination against a basement high. The lower part of the Haynesville Formation in this area is comprised of (in ascending order) the Buckner Anhydrite Member, the Frisco City sand, and interbedded shale and anhydrite. Sandstones of the Frisco City sand interval were deposited in a shallow marine setting and have a sheetlike morphology. The sandstones are poorly to moderately sorted, angular to rounded arkose, and contain angular to rounded pebbles. The sandstones are interbedded with thin, sandy, mudstones that contribute, along with patchy carbonate and anhydrite cement, to considerable reservoir heterogeneity. Porosity is predominantly primary intergranular with a small amount of framework grain dissolution and decementation.

University of Minnesota UMore Park Sand and Gravel Resources Final Environmental Impact Statement has prepared a Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the establishment of new aggregate mines and Gravel Resources Project Final EIS Â­ October, 2010 Page i Executive Summary The University of Minnesota

Upper Miocene Potter sands in the northern part of the Midway-Sunset field were analyzed extensively using detailed electric-log correlations. Structural and stratigraphic cross sections and subsurface mapping demonstrate variations across four general areas in T31S, R22E, referred to as west (parts of Secs. 16, 17, 21), north (parts of Secs. 15, 16), east (part of sec. 14), and south (within Sec. 27). Potter sands deposited in the west area represent the oldest strata of the Potter sequence because they unconformably overlie older silts, diatomaceous shales, and isolated sand channels believed to be part of the Antelope Shale Member. These sands are interpreted to represent massive debris flow/grain flows deposited in a proximal channel-trough system that carried sediments from west to east, toward the low point of the Midway syncline. In the north area, Potter sands change abruptly from massive sands in the eastern part of Sec. 16 to thinner sand channels with more correlative and continuous silt interbeds in Sec. 15. The massive sands are stratigraphically equivalent, if not slightly younger than, sands in the west. However, at the base, these sands depositionally onlap onto the southwest flank of the globe anticline. The Potter sand channel packages thin in Sec. 15, which represents lateral facies changes within the system as the sand to silt ratios become lower and the silts become more continuous. Potter sands in the east area are the uppermost and youngest strata encountered in the study area. Although massive sand channel packages are common, they show better lateral continuity and exhibit lower sand to silt ratios than the north sequences. In the south area, Potter sands are interbedded with continuous silt units that can be mapped over much of the section.

development phase of a major project to develop a novel sand control technique that could overcome the technical and economic limitations associated with existing methods of sand control. The novel technique, the various process-controlling parameters were optimized to yield consolidated sand with the highest possible

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The processing of oil sands generates large volumes of slurry, known as tailings, that is impounded in tailings ponds. Oil sands operators are committed to develop reclamation plans to ensure that the mine site is restored to a natural or economically ... Keywords: Integer programming, Mine planning, Oil sands, Open-pit mining, Reclamation planning, Strategic planning, Tailings management

The Mars Hill Terrane (MHT) in the Appalachian Blue Ride Belt is bordered by complex, locally reactivated thrust and strike-slip faults. On the east, the MHT is bounded by the allochthonous, ensimatic Toe Terrane (TT) across the diachronous, ductile Holland Mountain-Soque River Fault System. The MHT is separated on the northwest from ensialic Laurentian basement (LB), by the Fries-Hayesville Fault System. On the south, the MHT is truncated by the Shope Fork Fault. The MHT is characterized by migmatitic biotite-pyroxene-hornblende gneiss, but contains 1--1.8 b.y. old quartz-feldspar gneisses, plus ultramafic rocks, calc-silicate rocks, mica schists and gneisses, and Neoproterozoic Bakersville gabbros. This rock assemblage contrasts with that of the adjoining terranes. The only correlative units between the MHT and adjoining terranes are Neoproterozoic gabbro, Ordovician-Devonian granitoid plutons, and ultramafic rocks. Gabbro links the MHT with LB rocks. Apparently similar calc-silicate rocks differ petrographically among terranes. During Taconic or Acadian events, both the TT and MHT reached amphibolite to granulite metamorphic grade, but the LB did not exceed greenschist grade. The data conflict. The O-D plutons, ultramafic rocks, and metamorphic histories suggest that the TT had docked with the MHT by Ordovician time. The premetamorphic character of the Holland Mtn.-Soque River Fault System supports that chronology. Neoproterozoic gabbros suggest a MHT-LB link by Cambrian time, but the LB experienced neither O-D plutonism nor Paleozoic amphibolite-granulite facies metamorphism.

Gas hydrates represent a potential future energy source as well as a considerable geohazard. In order to assess both the benefits and risks that gas hydrate bearing sediments pose, fundamental information about their physical properties is required. In this study, the undrained shear strength of methane hydrate bearing sand was investigated. The experimental program required modifications to an existing triaxial apparatus and accurate determination of the hydrate saturation lead to the use of two methods for comparison of the saturation calculations. Strength results indicated that the presence of gas hydrate will increase the sediment's undrained shear strength and corresponding stiffness. The relative contribution of cohesion and friction angle was observed to be a function of the hydrate saturation, for this particular hydrate formation methodology.

surveys at Klamath Falls and Honey Lake: Group SevenKlamath Falls gravity lineament which manifests itself in Figure 8 lineament as well. GroupKlamath Falls "steamer This can be Seen in Figures 10 and 11. on Group

SAND97-8490 UC-404 SAND97-8490 UC-404 Unlimited Release Printed March 1997 J Mechanical Properties and Energy Absorption Characteristics of a Polyurethane Foam S. H. Goods, C. L. Neuschwanger, C. Henderson, D. M. Skala DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as a n account of work sponsored by a n agenq of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warrantyy express or impIied, or assumes any legal liabili- ty or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, appa- ratus, product, or process disdased, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necrsariiy constitute or

Two courses focused on assessing the demographics, economics, environment, aesthetics, land use, transportation, and city history. Newspaper articles, maps, Census Data, field trip, examination of the city budget, planning efforts, and zoning were...

Group Inc, - September 6, Group Inc, - September 6, 2007 Enforcement Letter, CH2M Hill Hanford Group Inc, - September 6, 2007 September 6, 2007 Enforcement Letter issued to CH2M Hill Hanford Group, Inc., related to Quality Improvement Deficiencies at the Hanford Tank Farms The Department of Energy (DOE) held an Enforcement Conference on August 29, 2006, with CH2M Hill Hanford Group (CHG) to discuss potential violations of nuclear safety requirements described in our Investigation Summary Report dated July 26, 2006. At that time, DOE elected to defer a decision on a potential quality improvement violation related to recurring radiological events and deficiencies in the identification and control of radiological hazards at the Tank Farms. This decision was based upon the fact that CHG senior management had initiated radiological work

source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon Â» Geology Of The Fenton Hill, New Mexico, Hot Dry Rock Site Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Geology Of The Fenton Hill, New Mexico, Hot Dry Rock Site Details Activities (4) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: The Phase I prototype hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal system was developed in Precambrian basement rocks at Fenton Hill, New Mexico. Core and cuttings samples from the four deep wells indicate that the reservoir of this Phase I HDR system lies within a homogeneous biotite granodiorite body of very low permeability. Natural fractures, although present, are

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A Touch of Green for Des Moines' Sherman Hill A Touch of Green for Des Moines' Sherman Hill A Touch of Green for Des Moines' Sherman Hill November 3, 2011 - 4:47pm Addthis This 1930s grocery store is currently under renovation by the Green & Main initiative. When complete in Spring 2012, the previously abandoned building will be LEED Platinum certified and feature a green roof and 54 original windows retrofitted to achieve high energy efficiency standards. | Photo courtesy of Green & Main. This 1930s grocery store is currently under renovation by the Green & Main initiative. When complete in Spring 2012, the previously abandoned building will be LEED Platinum certified and feature a green roof and 54 original windows retrofitted to achieve high energy efficiency standards. | Photo courtesy of Green & Main.

Inc. - April 24, 2001 Inc. - April 24, 2001 Enforcement Letter, CH2M Hill Hanford Group, Inc. - April 24, 2001 April 24, 2001 Enforcement Letter issued to CH2M Hill Hanford Group, Inc., related to Nuclear Safety Management at the Hanford Site Tank Farms This letter refers to a recent investigation by the Department of Energy (DOE), regarding potential noncompliances with the requirements of 10 CFR 830, "Nuclear Safety Management," occurring at the Hanford Tank Farms. The investigation reviewed three issues that were reported into the Noncompliance Tracking System (NTS) by CH2M Hill Hanford Group, Inc. Two of the NTS reports involve the failure to perform the Technical Safety Requirement (TSR) for [ ] gas monitoring. The initial potential noncompliance occurred in January 2000, in which a Zip Cord was installed

This report addresses recent well integrity issues related to cavern 114 at the Big Hill Strategic Petroleum Reserve site. DM Petroleum Operations, M&O contractor for the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve, recognized an apparent leak in Big Hill cavern well 114A in late summer, 2012, and provided written notice to the State of Texas as required by law. DM has since isolated the leak in well A with a temporary plug, and is planning on remediating both 114 A- and B-wells with liners. In this report Sandia provides an analysis of the apparent leak that includes: (i) estimated leak volume, (ii) recommendation for operating pressure to maintain in the cavern between temporary and permanent fixes for the well integrity issues, and (iii) identification of other caverns or wells at Big Hill that should be monitored closely in light of the sequence of failures there in the last several years.

The mechanical properties of methane hydrate?bearing sand were investigated by low temperature and high confining pressure triaxial testing apparatus in the present study. The specimens were prepared by infiltrating the methane gas into partially saturated sand specimen under the given temperature and stress condition which is compatible with the phase equilibrium condition for the stability of methane hydrate. The tests were firstly performed to investigate the effect of temperature on the shear behaviour of the specimen. Then the effect of backpressure was investigated. The strength of methane hydrate bearing sand increased as the temperature decreased and the back pressure increased. The bonding strength due to methane hydrate was dependent on methane hydrate saturation temperature and back pressure but independent of effective stress. Dissociation tests of methane hydrate were also performed by applying the temperature to the specimen at the various initial stress conditions. The marked development of shear and volumetric strains were observed due to dissociation of the methane hydrate in the specimen corresponding to the initial stress conditions.

. Compared to other eco-regions in Texas, the Hill Country, located predominantly in the Edwards Plateau, ranked second in the loss of farmlands between 1992 and 2001 (Wilkins et al., 2003b). The 2005 Land and Water Resources Conservation and Recreation... the dissolution of limestone substrate and shallow soils on plateaus and hills, and deeper soils on plains and valleys (Griffith et al., 2004). Eight counties in the region are designated as the contributing and recharge zones of the Edwards Aquifer, a crucial...

148 USDA Forest Service RMRS-P-53CD. 2008. The Hill Plots: A Rare Long-Term Vegetation Study by regulating when, where, and how they were conducted. In 1910, Robert R. Hill, a U.S. Forest Service (USFS Jonathan D. Bakker, College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Margaret M. Moore

MULTISCALE RESOURCE SELECTION OF RUFFED GROUSE IN THE BLACK HILLS NATIONAL FOREST OF SOUTH DAKOTA) in the Black Hills National Forest (BHNF). Due to this status the U.S. Forest Service and the South Dakota and Parks, United States Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, South Dakota State University

A mobile thermal foundry sand reclamation unit was designed and constructed. This unit consisted of thermal and mechanical sand reclamation equipment installed on the bed of a 50 foot low-boy trailer. It was transported to a number of Midwest foundries for on-site demonstration of the sand reclamation process. This allowed participating foundries to have their own refuse sand (10-100 tons) processed and then reused in production for evaluation. The purpose for building the unit was to demonstrate to foundries through ``hands on`` experience that refuse sands can be reclaimed and successfully reused particularly in regard to product quality. Most of the participating foundries indicated a high level of satisfaction with the reclaimed sand. Laboratory testing of samples of the used sand, before and after processing by the demonstration unit, verified the usability of the reclaimed sand. One of the foundries participating was a brass foundry, the sand from this foundry contained lead and is classified as a hazardous material. After reclamation the sand was no longer hazardous and could also be reused in the foundry.

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Anomalous electron density events in the quiet summer ionosphere at solar minimum over Millstone region ionosphere over Millstone Hill with calculations from the IZMIRAN model for solar minimum layer. This phenomenon occurs frequently in the quiet ionosphere at solar minimum during summer

get concepts from something that's not concepts. Suppose we get concepts from other concepts, that is the goal of a blank slate, we need to show that it's possible to derive concepts from something thatConcept Acquisition: How to get something from nothing Dan Ryder, UNC Â­ Chapel Hill [Blank overhead

We Did Not Know How Bad It Was: Connecticut's Great Recession: a Steeper Hill to Climb The Connecticut Economic Outlook: August 2012 Peter E Gunther, Senior Research Fellow William E. Waite, Manager Research Projects Fred Carstensen, Director Connecticut Center of Economic Analysis School

Active folding of fluvial terraces across the Siwaliks Hills, Himalayas of central Nepal J. LaveÂ´1 of central Nepal, south of the Kathmandu Basin. The Main Frontal Thrust fault (MFT), which marks the southern analysis, complemented by geological investiga- tions in central Nepal. Active deformation in the Himalaya

Issued to Kaiser-Hill Company, LLC for violations of 10 C.F.R. Parts 830 and 835 associated with a March 2003 radioactive material uptake, a March 2003 building airflow reversal event, a May 2003 glovebox fire, and Basis for Interim Operation/Technical Safety Requirements issues at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site.

Abstract The ability to consistently and cost-effectively reduce nitrate-nitrogen loads in effluent from recirculating aquaculture systems would enhance the industry's environmental stewardship and allow improved facility proximity to large markets in sensitive watersheds. Heterotrophic denitrification technologies specifically employing organic carbon found in aquaculture system waste offer a unique synergy for treatment of land-based, closed-containment production outflows. For space-efficient fluidized sand biofilters to be used as such denitrification reactors, system parameters (e.g., influent dissolved oxygen and carbon to nitrogen ratios, C:N) must be evaluated to most effectively use an endogenous carbon source. The objectives of this work were to quantify nitrate removal under a range of C:Ns and to explore the biofilter bacterial community using three replicated fluidized sand biofilters (height 3.9 m, diameter 0.31 m; fluidized sand volume plus biofilm volume of 0.206 m3) operated at a hydraulic retention time of 15 min and a hydraulic loading rate of 188 L/min m2 at The Conservation Fund Freshwater Institute in Shepherdstown, West Virginia, USA. Nitrate reduction was consistently observed during the biofilter study period (26.9 ± 0.9% removal efficiency; 402 ± 14 g NO3-N/(m3 biofilter d)) although nitrite-N and total ammonium nitrogen concentrations slightly increased (11 and 13% increases, respectively). Nitrate removal efficiency was correlated with carbonaceous oxygen demand to nitrate ratios (R2 > 0.70). Nitrate removal rates during the study period were moderately negatively correlated with influent dissolved oxygen concentration indicating it may be possible the biofilter hydraulic retention time was too short to provide optimized nitrate removal. It is reasonable to assume that the efficiency of nitrate removal across the fluidized sand biofilters could be substantially increased, as long as organic carbon was not limiting, by increasing biofilter bed depths (to 6–10 m), and thus hydraulic retention time. These findings provide a low-cost yet effective technology to remove nitrate-nitrogen from effluent waters of land-based closed-containment aquaculture systems.

Emissions of Carbon Dioxide from Tar Sands Plants in Canada ... When the CO2 emissions from the production of synthetic crude, refining, and utilization of fuels are combined, the emissions from utilization account for about 80 and about 70% of the emitted CO2 when fluid coking and delayed coking processes are considered, respectively. ... The combined production of 1 million barrels a day of synthetic crude would emit ?46 million tonnes of CO2 annually, which accounts for less than 8% of the Canadian CO2 emissions. ...

A system for treating a tar sands formation is disclosed. A plurality of heaters are located in the formation. The heaters include at least partially horizontal heating sections at least partially in a hydrocarbon layer of the formation. The heating sections are at least partially arranged in a pattern in the hydrocarbon layer. The heaters are configured to provide heat to the hydrocarbon layer. The provided heat creates a plurality of drainage paths for mobilized fluids. At least two of the drainage paths converge. A production well is located to collect and produce mobilized fluids from at least one of the converged drainage paths in the hydrocarbon layer.

A method for treating a tar sands formation includes providing heat to at least part of a hydrocarbon layer in the formation from a plurality of heaters located in the formation. The heat is allowed to transfer from the heaters to at least a portion of the formation. Fluids are produced from the formation through at least one production well that is located in at least two zones in the formation. The first zone has an initial permeability of at least 1 darcy. The second zone has an initial of at most 0.1 darcy. The two zones are separated by a substantially impermeable barrier.

Configuration 3 Location of Compressive Strength and Permeability Cores for Offset Configuration 4 Profile of Resin Composition Page 10 20 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Results of a Single Stage, Low Rate Sand Consolidation Treatment Page 12 2 Results of a... in the surface equip- ment. The problem of sand production results in the petro- leum industry spending millions of dollars a year in search of a solution. ~ Epoxy resin sand consolidation methods are complicated by high permeability streaks in the reservoir...

INVESTIGATION OF THE THERNAL CONDUCTIVITY OF UNCONSOLIDATED SAND PACKS CONTAINING OIL, WATER, AND GAS A Thesis David E. Gore Submitted to the Graduate School of the Agricultural and Nechanical College oi' Texas in Partial fulfillment.... EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURE All tests were performed on unconsolidated sand packs containing either one, two, or three saturating fluids, Phys- ical properties of the sand and saturating fluids are shown in Tables I and II in the Appendix...

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, with 140-160 cm mean annual rainfall and dark heavy mineral sand, 4) eastern Veracruz, Tabasco, and western Campeche, with 170-260 cm mean annual rainfall and tan quartz sand, 5) Laguna de Terminos, and the remaining three sectors for the Peninsula... in Veracruz or in Tabasco and Campeche, and 7) species common to the Caribbean and the Mexican Gulf Coast. Moreno-Casasola (1988) found these patterns of distribution mainly correlated with: first, variation in sand dune composition (light...

Oil shales or tar sands are extracted under non-thermally destructive conditions with a solvent liquid containing a compound having the general formula: R(N)-M(=O)(-R1)-N(-R2)-R3 where M is a carbon, sulfur or phosphorus atom, R/sup 2/ and R/sup 3/ are each a hydrogen atom or a lowe alkyl group, R and R/sup 1/ are each a lower alkyl group, another -N(-R2)-R3 group, a monocyclic arom group, or R/sup 1/ can be another -N(-R3)-M(=O)(-R1)-R(N) group or R/sup 1/ and R/sup 2/ together can represent the atoms necessary to close a heterocyclic ring, and n=1 where M=phosphorus and is otherwise 0, to substantially remove the non-fixed carbon content of the oil shale or tar sands, leaving a solid residue of fixed carbon, ash minerals, and non-extractable matter.

Baseline measurements were made of the amount and weight of beached marine debris on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, June 2008–July 2010. On 23 surveys, 32,696 total debris objects (identifiable items and pieces) were collected; total weight was 740.4 kg. Seventy-two percent of the total was pieces; 91% of the pieces were made of plastic materials. Pieces were composed primarily of polyethylene and polypropylene. Identifiable items were 28% of the total; 88% of the identifiable items were in the fishing/aquaculture/shipping-related and beverage/household products-related categories. Identifiable items were lowest during April–August, while pieces were at their lowest during June–August. Sites facing the North Pacific Gyre received the most debris and proportionately more pieces. More debris tended to be found on Sand Island when the Subtropical Convergence Zone was closer to the Atoll. This information can be used for potential mitigation and to understand the impacts of large-scale events such as the 2011 Japanese tsunami.

Artificial Sand Pictures - A Complex Systems Simulation Brad Pearce and Ken Hawick Computer Science and layering in materials science. We con- struct a lattice-based simulation of a sand picture based around scheme is used to update pairs of neighboring cells using a Boltzmann like energy controlled probability

Effects of wastewater from an oil-sand-refining operation on survival, hematology, gill histology the effects of various types of wastewater produced in oil-sand-refining on the survival, hematology, gill. In con- trast, all fish did not survive a 28-day period in any of the wastewaters tested and, in some

Advisor/Dean Approval Form (For UNC-Chapel Hill undergraduate students who are academically ineligible or not currently attending) Complete this form with the signature of your academic advisor or dean_________________ Alternate 2___________________ Alternate 3_________________ Advisor/Dean signature

We show that the transformations J. M. Hill and B. J. Cox introduce between inertial observers moving faster than light with respect to each other are consistent with Einstein's principle of relativity only if the spacetime is 2 dimensional.

Group, Inc. for Price-Anderson Group, Inc. for Price-Anderson Violations DOE Cites CH2M Hill Hanford Group, Inc. for Price-Anderson Violations June 5, 2008 - 12:51pm Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - The Department of Energy (DOE) today issued a Preliminary Notice of Violation (PNOV) to CH2M Hill Hanford Group, Inc. (CHG) for nuclear safety violations. CHG is the tank operations contractor for the tank farms located at DOE's Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State. The PNOV cites a series of violations that occurred on July 27, 2007, when waste being pumped out of tank S-102 spilled in the vicinity of the tank's retrieval pump. During waste transfer operations, a supply line became over-pressurized with tank waste, causing a rupture in the dilution water supply line and resulted in a spill of approximately 85 gallons of

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96-04 96-04 Preliminary Notice of Violation, Kaiser-Hill Company, LLC - EA-96-04 October 7, 1996 Preliminary Notice of Violation issued to Kaiser-Hill Company, LLC related to Radiological and Work Control Deficiencies associated with Two Radiological Release Events at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, (EA-96-04) This letter refers to the Department of Energy's (DOE) evaluation of the circumstances surrounding a number of radiological and work control deficiencies associated with two incidents: one in [a building] on March 4, 1996, and the other in [a different building] on April 18, 1996. The evaluation also considered a substantial number of other recent failures to adhere to your established worker radiological protection program requirements. On June 5-7, 1996, the DOE Office of Enforcement and

Group for Price-Anderson Violations Group for Price-Anderson Violations DOE Cites CH2M Hill Hanford Group for Price-Anderson Violations November 17, 2006 - 9:25am Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - The Department of Energy (DOE) today notified CH2M Hill Hanford Group (CHG) that it will fine the company $82,500 for violations of the Department's nuclear safety requirements. CHG is the prime contractor responsible for managing the storage and retrieval of highly radioactive and hazardous waste at the DOE Hanford Tank Farm site. The Preliminary Notice of Violation (PNOV) issued today cited a series of violations associated with two separate events involving the radioactive contamination of multiple CHG employees. The first event occurred on September 21, 2005, during disassembly and removal of auxiliary equipment

Company - August 12, 2004 Company - August 12, 2004 Enforcement Letter, Kaiser-Hill Company - August 12, 2004 August 12, 2004 Enforcement Letter issued to Kaiser-Hill Company, LLC related to a Water Treatment System Breach and Foam Fire at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site The Office of Price-Anderson Enforcement (OE) has reviewed the details and circumstances regarding two recent site events: the Building 771 unauthorized breach of the Water Treatment System in December 2003; and the February 2004 Building 991 foam fire. Both of these events represent significant breakdowns in your safety programs. Additionally, the general failure to adequately recognize hazards and implement effective controls observed in association with the Building 991 foam fire was an underlying deficiency in the 2003 Building

The multipole acoustic logging tool (MPAL) was tested in the heavy oil sand reservoirs of Canada. Compared with near shales the P-wave slowness of heavy oil sands does not change obviously with the value of about 125?s/ft; the dipole shear slowness decreases significantly to 275?s/ft. The heavy oil sands have a Vp/Vs value of less than 2.4. The slowness and amplitude of dipole shear wave are good lithology discriminators that have great differences between heavy oil sands and shales. The heavy oil sand reservoirs are anisotropic. The crossover phenomenon in the fast and slow dipole shear wave dispersion curves indicates that the anisotropy is induced by unbalanced horizontal stress in the region.

of Madison cap hills of Chugwater (Triassic redbeds) to Carter Mountain on the south where he mapped Madison resting on Fort Union. The eastern- most exposure, Heart Mountain itself, Dake described as consisting of several hundred feet of Madison...THE NATURE OF THE HEART MOUNTAIN FAULT IN THE VICINITY OF DEAD INDIAN HILL, PARK COUNTY, WYOMING A Thesis by EUGENE DONALD SUNGY Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirement...

The McGinness Hills geothermal system lies in a ~8.5 km wide, north-northeast trending accommodation zone defined by east-dipping normal faults bounding the Toiyabe Range to the west and west-dipping normal faults bounding the Simpson Park Mountains to the east. Within this broad accommodation zone lies a fault step-over defined by north-northeast striking, west-dipping normal faults which step to the left at roughly the latitude of the McGinness Hills geothermal system. The McGinness Hills 3D model consists of 9 geologic units and 41 faults. The basal geologic units are metasediments of the Ordovician Valmy and Vininni Formations (undifferentiated in the model) which are intruded by Jurassic granitic rocks. Unconformably overlying is a ~100s m-thick section of Tertiary andesitic lava flows and four Oligocene-to-Miocene ash-flow tuffs: The Rattlesnake Canyon Tuff, tuff of Sutcliffe, the Cambell Creek Tuff and the Nine Hill tuff. Overlying are sequences of pre-to-syn-extensional Quaternary alluvium and post-extensional Quaternary alluvium. 10-15º eastward dip of the Tertiary stratigraphy is controlled by the predominant west-dipping fault set. Geothermal production comes from two west dipping normal faults in the northern limb of the step over. Injection is into west dipping faults in the southern limb of the step over. Production and injection sites are in hydrologic communication, but at a deep level, as the northwest striking fault that links the southern and northern limbs of the step-over has no permeability.

The Cherokee tight gas sands of Oklahoma remain an attractive play because of improvements in drilling and completion practices and actions by the Oklahoma Corporation Commission (OCC) that allow separate allowables for new wells. The expired federal tax credits for tight gas wells have not been the only reason for increased activity. Since decontrol of most regulated gas pricing and since 1986, the number of wells drilled and gas production per well have been increasing in the cherokee area while overall drilling in Oklahoma has decreased. These conclusions are based on wells as categorized by permit date and not by the spud, completion, or first production date. A few wells outside but adjacent to the Cherokee area may have been included, although, their impact on the conclusions is considered nominal. The paper discusses the tight gas credit, proration units, the concept of separate allowables, costs, completion efficiency, and the economic outlook for this area.

The relative permeability to fluids in hydrate-bearing sediments is an important parameter for predicting natural gas production from gas hydrate reservoirs. We estimated the relative permeability parameters (van Genuchten alpha and m) in a hydrate-bearing sand by means of inverse modeling, which involved matching water saturation predictions with observations from a controlled waterflood experiment. We used x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning to determine both the porosity and the hydrate and aqueous phase saturation distributions in the samples. X-ray CT images showed that hydrate and aqueous phase saturations are non-uniform, and that water flow focuses in regions of lower hydrate saturation. The relative permeability parameters were estimated at two locations in each sample. Differences between the estimated parameter sets at the two locations were attributed to heterogeneity in the hydrate saturation. Better estimates of the relative permeability parameters require further refinement of the experimental design, and better description of heterogeneity in the numerical inversions.

The relative permeability to fluids in hydrate-bearingsediments is an important parameter for predicting natural gas productionfrom gas hydrate reservoirs. We estimated the relative permeabilityparameters (van Genuchten alpha and m) in a hydrate-bearing sand by meansof inverse modeling, which involved matching water saturation predictionswith observations from a controlled waterflood experiment. We used x-raycomputed tomography (CT) scanning to determine both the porosity and thehydrate and aqueous phase saturation distributions in the samples. X-rayCT images showed that hydrate and aqueous phase saturations arenon-uniform, and that water flow focuses in regions of lower hydratesaturation. The relative permeability parameters were estimated at twolocations in each sample. Differences between the estimated parametersets at the two locations were attributed to heterogeneity in the hydratesaturation. Better estimates of the relative permeability parametersrequire further refinement of the experimental design, and betterdescription of heterogeneity in the numerical inversions.

The Athabasca Oil Sands, located in northeastern Alberta, Canada, were for many years anomalous. Two oil sands operators developed their extraction techniques for 30 years, refining their technology before production became ...

This report summarizes recent reviews, observations, and analyses believed to be imperative to our understanding of the recent two million cubic feet salt fall event in Big Hill Cavern 103, one of the caverns of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). The fall was the result of one or more stress driven mechanical instabilities, the origins of which are discussed in the report. The work has lead to important conclusions concerning the engineering and operations of the caverns at Big Hill. Specifically, Big Hill, being the youngest SPR site, was subjected to state-of-the-art solutioning methods to develop nominally well-formed, right-circular cylindrical caverns. Examination of the pressure history records indicate that operationally all Big Hill SPR caverns have been treated similarly. Significantly, new three-dimensional (3-D) imaging methods, applied to old (original) and more recent sonar survey data, have provided much more detailed views of cavern walls, roofs, and floors. This has made possible documentation of the presence of localized deviations from ''smooth'' cylindrical cavern walls. These deviations are now recognized as isolated, linear and/or planar features in the original sonar data (circa early 1990s), which persist to the present time. These elements represent either sites of preferential leaching, localized spalling, or a combination of the two. Understanding the precise origin of these phenomena remains a challenge, especially considering, in a historical sense, the domal salt at Big Hill was believed to be well-characterized. However, significant inhomogeneities in the domal salt that may imply abnormalities in leaching were not noted. Indeed, any inhomogeneities were judged inconsequential to the solution-engineering methods at the time, and, by the same token, to the approaches to modeling the rock mass geomechanical response. The rock mass was treated as isotropic and homogeneous, which in retrospect, appears to have been an over simplification. This analysis shows there are possible new opportunities regarding completing an appropriate site characterization for existing operating cavern fields in the SPR, as well as expansion of current sites or development of new sites. Such characterization should first be consistent with needs identified by this report. Secondly, the characterization needs to satisfy the input requirements of the 3-D solutioning calculational methods being developed, together with 3-D geomechanical analyses techniques which address deformation of a salt rock mass that contains inhomogeneities. It seems apparent that focusing on these important areas could preclude occurrence of unexpected events that would adversely impact the operations of SPR.

' this fact, the f1ne yecxk was chosen as the aggregate to be used in all sand. -asphalt miztures tested 1n this pro/oct. It must be emphasise4. , that no sand sample, Lxas tested, mox ~ than ) " x i x . . y . * once during ths analpsis of the sands... shearing strength increases as the amount of mineral filler increases, thu ~ confirming the theory that the increase 1n surface area of the aggregate caused by the addition of dust must be taken ~ care of by an increase 1n the amount of bitumen used...