01901cam a22002537 4500001000600000003000500006005001700011008004100028100002200069245012300091260006600214490004100280500001900321520078400340530006101124538007201185538003601257690009601293690006701389710004201456830007601498856003701574856003601611w9490NBER20150303174117.0150303s2003 mau||||fs|||| 000 0 eng d1 aSachs, Jeffrey D.10aInstitutions Don't Ruleh[electronic resource]:bDirect Effects of Geography on Per Capita Income /cJeffrey D. Sachs. aCambridge, Mass.bNational Bureau of Economic Researchc2003.1 aNBER working paper seriesvno. w9490 aFebruary 2003.3 aIn a series of papers, my colleagues and I have demonstrated that levels of per capita income, economic growth, and other economic and demographic dimensions are strongly correlated with geographical and ecological variables such as climate zone, disease ecology, and distance from the coast. Three recent papers purport to show that the role of geography in explaining cross-country patterns of income per capita operates predominantly or exclusively through the choice of institutions, with little direct effect of geography on income after controlling for the quality institutions. This note shows that malaria transmission, which is strongly affected by ecological conditions, directly affects the level of per capita income after controlling for the quality of institutions. aHardcopy version available to institutional subscribers. aSystem requirements: Adobe [Acrobat] Reader required for PDF files. aMode of access: World Wide Web. 7aO11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development2Journal of Economic Literature class. 7aP16 - Political Economy2Journal of Economic Literature class.2 aNational Bureau of Economic Research. 0aWorking Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research)vno. w9490.4 uhttp://www.nber.org/papers/w949041uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9490