Fascism is something that might appear to be a long
way away for people, even now. It is worth understanding how fascism came into
being in both Japan and Germany, to a lesser extent Italy, where the terror was
more random. But in Japan and Germany, fascism came about in considerable
measure by the systematic assassination of the legitimate political leadership
of those countries. In Germany, underground units of the German army that were
originally put together above ground to combat the abortive socialist revolution
in Germany, they remained intact below ground and they became known as the
so-called Black Reichswehr (sp). They were composed of the Freikorps (sp) or Free
Corps, the Walvater (?) (sp) and Zeitfreiwillegen-verbande (sp).

All three
organizations put together of German army world war one veterans, they were put
together by the defense minister of the Weimar Republic, a fellow named Gustav
Noske (sp) and they were put together to combat communism, to put down a
socialist revolution in Germany, which they did. As I said, they then remained
intact and proceeded to systematically assassinate not only socialists and
communists but the legitimate political leadership of Weimar Germany. That was
one of the reasons that Adolph Hitler's rise to power was as relatively smooth
as it was.

Likewise, in Japan, the so-called patriotic or
ultra-nationalist
societies, which were like crosses between organized crime syndicates, religious
groups, and nationalist societies. They systematically dispatched the legitimate
democratic leadership of Japan and paved the way for the rise of fascism in
Japan. The main organization involved there was the Black Dragon Society, named
after the Ahmoor (sp) river, or Black Dragon River, which at the time
constituted the border between Russia and China, and the main name behind the
Black Dragon Society was a fellow named Mitsouru Toyama (sp). The patriotic
societies were directed by the Japanese general staff as were the Freicorps, Eine
Vonevaren, and Zeitfreiwillegen-verbaende (sp)., even when they remained
underground illegally, and in this country, we are now faced with the results of
an analogous program, just as the German and Japanese military organizations
felt it necessary to begin using deadly force and covert action in their own
countries in order to eliminate individuals and institutions that they
considered to represent enemies at home.

So in the 1960s and '70s, in the United
States, our national security establishment or significant elements of it began
to use the same kind of deadly force and covert action at home that they had
been using abroad for decades in order to maintain the strategic situation of
not only our national security establishment, but more importantly the
preeminent position of American based multinational corporations in many parts
of the world. In the 1940s and 1950s, deadly force was used in a covert way in
places like Iran and places like Guatemala, and in other parts of the third
world in particular. By the 1960s, what I like to sum up in the old street
expression "what goes around comes around", well what had been going
around in fact came around for the United States. The most significant element
of this assassination program was the assassination of president Kennedy in
which the national security establishment of this country removed the legitimate
constitutional authority, the legitimately elected constitutional representative
of the people, and they then installed their own selectee, so to speak, Lyndon
Johnson.

Kennedy had placed the weight of the Oval Office against many of the
policies which were permitting the ongoing coups in places like Guatemala when
Jacobo Arbenz (sp) was overthrown, under the auspices incidentally of fighting
communism, Jacobo Arbenz had made it very clear when he took office in Guatemala
that what he sought to do was to bring Guatemala up as a modern capitalist
democracy. He sought simply to eliminate Guatemala as a feudal society, which
was what it was, and to bring it into the 20th century as an upbeat,
upper-middle-class capitalist country and he was explicitly capitalist but
because that would have threatened the profit margins of United Fruit and other
corporations who benefited from the feudal conditions in Guatemala, he was
deemed a communist and overthrown under that rationalization.

Because John
Kennedy refused to follow U.S. national security policy in a number of areas
such as Vietnam, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, and Guatemala, all of
which had coups or attempted coups, Kennedy refused to go along with those
coups, it was deemed necessary in the eyes of the powers that be in this country
to eliminate, to use the same kind of deadly force at home that they had long
been using abroad. If you sit back and take a look at what happened to the
progressive political leadership in the United States over the 1960s and '70s,
thinking about progressive leaders ranging from political liberals like John and
Robert Kennedy, all the way on over to people who would be classified on the
political left, such as members of the Black Panthers or perhaps Malcolm X.

What
happened, for example to Medgar Evers (sp), field secretary of the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People--shot to death in 1963. What
happened to president John F. Kennedy--shot to death in 1963. What happened to
Malcolm X--shot to death in 1965. What happened to Martin Luther King--shot to
death in 1968. What happened to Robert Kennedy--shot to death in 1968. What
happened to Fred Hampton, a very prominent member of the Black Panthers who had
been very successful in organizing a free breakfast and lunch program for ghetto
school children in Chicago--shot to death in 1969. What happened to Jonathan and
George Jackson, the two members of the so- called Soledad Brothers--shot to
death in 1970, I believe, and 1971 respectively. I may be wrong about the dates.
What happened to Faye Stender (sp) who was George Jackson's attorney--shot and
critically wounded and permanently disabled in 1979. What happened to George
Mosconi, the liberal mayor of San Francisco--shot to death in 1978. What
happened to Harvey Milk, the first gay city councilman in San Francisco--shot to
death in 1978.

Well, at a certain point, you would begin to think that people
would catch on to what was going on in this country. Apparently, though,
Americans have chosen to ignore the obvious and because we have chosen as a
people to ignore the obvious, we are now faced with exactly what the German and
Japanese people and ultimately the whole world were faced with after far too
many of them ignored the assassination programs in Japan and Germany. And those
assassination programs led directly to the rise of fascism in those countries
and the rise of fascism led directly to the second World War with all its
attendant horrors.

We here in this country have ignored a similar process and
this evening, by way of helping to raise support for KFJC, and by way of helping
to document a critical element of American history, we are going to be observing
Black History Month by discussing the assassinations of Martin Luther King and
Malcolm X, arguably the greatest black leaders in American history.

We should
remember as we listen to the accounting of events this evening that these are
not things which took place in the past. The same forces which destroyed Martin
Luther King and Malcolm X are with us today and they are still operating in the
same fashion.

Leaving aside for the moment the bombing in New York City on
Friday and during the question and answer session, I would be more than willing
to entertain whatever questions you have. It should be noted that in 1991 we had
a chilling reminder that a political assassination in America is not a past
activity when journalist Daniel Casalero (sp) was found, supposedly a suicide,
in Martinsburg, West Virginia, in his hotel room. Danny Casalero had been
investigating many of the same elements that I talk about on One Step Beyond,
that I talk about in my lectures and he had come very close to unearthing some
critical information about the intersecting activities of a number of different
national security institutions. He had been warned that his activities could get
him killed. He had been getting death threats for quite some time. After, after
Danny Casalero was clinically determined to have been dead, many hours
afterward, his housekeeper got a phone call in which an unidentified male caller
said "You're dead, you son of a bitch" and hung up. When the truth
eventually came out, it was learned that not only did Danny Casalero have a
number of bruises that had not been reported initially, but that three of his
fingernails had been pulled out and that yet, most of the institutions in this
society, including a lot of so-called progressive media organizations and
individuals labeled Danny Casalero a suicide. Well, that is one hell of a
suicide. Three fingernails pulled out suggests much more like Danny Casalero
prior to being murdered had been tortured.

So, as I indicated at the beginning
of the talk tonight, sooner or later what goes around comes around and as we
observe the closing of February which is Black History Month, remember that what
eventually came around for Martin Luther King and Malcolm X is going to be
coming around for many of us sooner or later.

Now, to begin, I am going to
discuss the assassination of Martin Luther King and eventually we will move on
to Malcolm X. With the Spike Lee film about Malcolm X still somewhat in the
public eye, Malcolm's assassination has received more attention than it has
received in the past, there's a very good book out called *The Judas Factor* by
a fellow named Carl Evanzz, which in my opinion is the best work done to date on
the assassination of Malcolm X.

Much of the information that I am going to be
presenting about the Malcolm X killing this evening comes from that book. It is
currently available. It is put out by Thunder's Mouth Press and I strongly
recommend it to any and all interested parties. Now the best hard information
about what actually did happen vis-a- vis the assassination of Martin Luther
King and what I am going to be talking about this evening is also what didn't
happen, namely Martin Luther King was not killed by James Earl Ray, who was a
poor dumb cracker who couldn't knock off a liquor store in Missouri without
getting caught and yet he supposedly assassinated one of the most famous people
in the world and conducted a very sophisticated and largely successful
international flight using techniques that would be available in all likelihood
only to an experienced intelligence agent with considerably more resources at
his disposal than James Earl Ray had.

I am going to be talking about how history
has come to accept what I guess we could call the 32-blows-to-the-head version,
the suicide version, of Martin Luther King's assassination. Namely that some
poor dumb cracker, again another lone nut named James Earl Ray, shot Martin
Luther King. James Earl Ray not only didn't act alone to kill Martin Luther
King, James Earl Ray did not act at all and I am going to be talking about how
he came to be framed for the killing.

The best account, though, of what did
happen in the assassination of Martin Luther King, comes from a fellow named
Robert Byron Watson. Watson was an employee at the Magellan Art Gallery in
Atlanta, Georgia and while at that art gallery, he learned information about a
drug and gold smuggling ring that was being operated by a faction of U.S.
intelligence using the Magellan Art Gallery as its operational base. This
particular ring, again, operated on behalf of a faction of U.S. intelligence and
they were smuggling drugs out of Southeast Asia in hollowed-out teak logs. They
were also doing a great deal of gold smuggling as well. Watson overheard these
individuals discussing the upcoming assassination of Martin Luther King. He also
heard them discussing what happened vis-a-vis the King assassination afterward
and he presented his information to law enforcement authorities despite
considerable pressure that was brought to bear both on him and his mother.

Both
Watson and his mother were threatened by death, both before and after the actual
assassination of Martin Luther King. Robert Byron Watson then went ahead and
submitted his affidavit. Law enforcement, to the extent that it was pursued,
found it to be accurate, yet they never were able to act on it past a point. The
main names associated with this particular gold and drug smuggling ring, and
again bear in mind this was operated on behalf of U.S. intelligence, one of the
main names was that of former Georgia congressman Larry McDonald, a national
head of the John Birch Society, also a head of a private right-wing intelligence
organization called Western Goals. Larry McDonald is perhaps best known for
having gone down on the Korean Airlines flight 007 which went down under
mysterious circumstances over the Soviet Union in September of 1983.

That
incident one of the more dramatic incidents of the cold war in the early 1980s.
In addition to that of Larry McDonald, another important name associated with
this drug and gold smuggling ring was that of Faud Habash (sp). Faud Habash is
the brother of George Habash, one of the best known Palestinian leaders and the
head of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. Not, by the way, the
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine General Command, elements of which
have been implicated in the bombing of PanAm 103. They are distinct
organizations. Habash, himself, has very strong connections, George Habash that
is, to the fascist Third Position.

He also has very strong operational links to
U.S. intelligence and while there was a Soviet intelligence, he also had
operational links to the Soviets, as well. An interesting fellow. His brother
was one of the main functionaries in this drug and gold smuggling ring that was
involved at the operational level in the assassination of Martin Luther King.

Now the other name that we want to know vis-a-vis this drug and gold smuggling
ring, and again these were the actual gunsuls, these were the um-de-nam (sp),
these were the hands-on individuals, the hurt-ya kind of guys who were involved
in killing Dr. King according to Robert Byron Watson and other independent
investigations. Among the people involved with this organization was a fellow
who used the name Herman Jackson. That was the name he used when working on
behalf of this drug smuggling ring. His actual name, or at least as far as we
have able to tell, was a fellow named Jack Youngblood.

Jack Youngblood was a
longtime U.S intelligencer. He had worked with, among others, Frank Fiorini, who
later changed his name to Frank Sturgis and became known as one of the Watergate
burglars. He worked directly with Frank Fiorini in the 1954 coup that overthrew
Otto Benz in Guatemala. He then, like Frank Fiorini, aka Frank Sturgis, went to
work for other U.S. intelligence operations and apparently one of those
operations was the assassination of Martin Luther King.

Now, James Earl Ray, the
patsy for the assassination, who by the way was never actually convicted in a
trial per se, he confessed to the assassination of Martin Luther King and then
later reversed his confession. But James Earl Ray was offered a lot of money,
now bear in mind this was a poor individual, an individual who had no money, a
lengthy criminal record, and basically stood more to gain from pleading guilty
than he did from remaining innocent, but he agreed to plead guilty in exchange
for a large portion of the rights to a book offered by a fellow named William
Bradford Huie. Huie wrote a book called *He Slew the Dreamer*. He coughed up a
large section of the proceeds for that book and that was basically James Earl
Ray's incentive for pleading guilty. Later when Ray reversed his guilty plea and
began to spill the beans about what really happened, Ray said that he had been
trafficked around by a mysterious individual that he met called Raoul. And Raoul,
he identified, interestingly enough as being part of a smuggling ring. He never
knew who they were connected with, but one of his main jobs had been to help
smuggle arms across the Canadian/American and Mexican/American borders in
conjunction with Raoul who was his contact. It would appear in this regard that
Ray was being manipulated and set up to be a patsy by Raoul, who was in all
probability was acting in behalf of some faction of U.S. intelligence, if not in
fact the same gold and drug smuggling ring that Robert Byron Watson had
identified.

Raoul was the individual who told James Earl Ray where to go and
what to do and appears to have basically been his intelligence handler. Law
enforcement authorities have checked out Robert Byron Watson's claims to a
considerable extent. They have found them credible, yet this has never resulted
in any kind of serious investigation beyond the lick-and-a-promise that the
Robert Byron Watson affidavit was given by law enforcement. To this day, it
remains the end of the trail, so to speak, of the hard investigative pathway
into Martin Luther King's assassination.

Now, Jack Youngblood's name also crops
up in addition to the Robert Byron Watson affidavit, Jack Youngblood's name
crops up in connection with the assassination of Martin Luther King because the
actual shooter, and I am going to talk about the framing of James Earl Ray, but
the actual shooter in the Martin Luther King assassination, appears to have been
an individual who has become known in the literature as the "Eggs and
Sausages" man. Now there was a cafe near the rooming house that James Earl
Ray supposedly was living, well he was living there--at least he was booked
there. Near the rooming house from which James Earl Ray supposedly fired the
shot that killed Martin Luther King, there was a cafe called Jowers' Cafe. It
was run by a fellow named Lloyd Jowers and for some time prior to the
assassination of Martin Luther King, an individual who had previously not been a
regular at Jowers' Cafe, and generally the clientele there was composed of
regulars, this was an individual who had not been seen there before and began
showing up shortly before the assassination of Martin Luther King, and he always
ordered eggs and sausages.

He became known as a result as the "eggs and
sausages man" and has gone down in history as such. One day this strange
individual came in and sat down and placed his usual order, namely eggs and
sausages, he finished his order, paid his tab, and then went outside and shortly
after he went outside, the patrons of Jowers Cafe heard an enormous explosion
like the report of a high-powered rifle.

Later, the "eggs and sausages
man" was picked up by police because the members of the clientele of Jowers'
Cafe id'd this individual as the "eggs and sausages" man. He never,
however, was booked on suspicion of having killed Martin Luther King, as a
Memphis journalist named Wayne Chastain (sp), who wrote for the Memphis Press
Scimitar noted when he interviewed the individuals at the prison.

The individual
in question, the "eggs and sausages" man, made one call to a party or
parties unknown and was released by the Memphis police without any questioning
whatsoever. As the individual noted, he must have some powerful connections to
be able to just walk out of jail free like that.

Later, an individual who
identified himself as Jack Youngblood, and who also identified himself as a
long-time U.S. intelligence operative, and incidentally an individual operating
out of Denver, Colorado, he sought out Wayne Chastain, again of the Memphis
Press Scimitar, and expressed the fear that he might be mistaken for the
individual who assassinated Martin Luther King and said that the actual assassin
was his Denver, Colorado roommate. When shown pictures, and by the way, that is
about where the "eggs and sausages" man's trail leads off, when shown
pictures of Jack Youngblood, James Earl Ray identified him as an individual that
he had seen trailing him for several days prior to the assassination of Martin
Luther King. There are a number of other indications that James Earl Ray and
Martin Luther King were maneuvered into place and that the assassination was set
up in advance by the authorities.

The place where Martin Luther King was staying
was supposed to have been a secret. Eventually it came out courtesy of the FBI.
Now the FBI had at this time been not only monitoring Martin Luther King very
closely, but it had been for some time engaged in a counterintelligence program
against black activist groups ranging from militant black-power activists, all
the way through mainstream civil rights activists, this intelligence program
became known as the COINTELPRO program, short for counterintelligence.

It was
also utilized against elements of the anti-Vietnam War movement as well. When
FBI people learned that Martin Luther King was going to be staying at a
white-owned business in Memphis, Tennessee where he had gone to help negotiate a
strike between largely-black sanitation workers and the city of Memphis, the FBI
leaked the information to the press about the fact that Martin Luther King was
going to be staying at a white-owned business. This obviously was bad PR for
Martin Luther King and so his reservations were then switched to the black-owned
Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, and that information was published in the
Memphis press so it became a matter of public record to anyone who would or
wanted to read a newspaper as to where Martin Luther King was going to be
staying in Memphis, Tennessee.

Prior to Martin Luther King's arrival, a
mysterious individual showed up at the Lorraine Motel, identified himself a
"an advance man" for Martin Luther King and when noting where Dr. King
was scheduled to book into, he said, "Oh, no this won't do. Dr. King always
likes to have a room on the second floor overlooking the swimming pool". It
was from just such a room to which he was switched that Martin Luther King was
ambushed and I will talk more about the physical circumstances in a couple of
minutes.

Suffice it to say that one of the employees of the motel voiced the
opinion at the time that this individual was not a black man at all, but rather
a white man wearing black-face makeup. It should be noted that it later came out
that among the many stratagems used by U.S. intelligence at the operational
level to disrupt both the black-power movement and the antiwar movement was the
utilization of white men in black-face, basically to simulate black people to
perform acts either of stealth intelligence or acts of provocation which would
them discredit blacks because they would be taken as being black people.

Whatever the true situation vis-a-vis the advance man, it certainly was not Dr.
King's advance man because Dr. King very simply did not use advance men at all.
Eye witnesses to Dr. King's assassination, both people who were on the street
and people who were with Dr. King on the balcony of his second floor motel room,
and it was on that balcony that Dr. King walked out onto to talk to his
chauffeur, who was on the ground, and it was in that position that he was
assassinated. Eye witnesses to the assassination believed that the shot was not
fired from the second floor of the rooming house that James Earl Ray was staying
at, but rather was fired from ground level.

This was described both by people
who were sitting near a clump of bushes underneath the window on the second
floor that James Earl Ray supposedly used to shoot Martin Luther King, also
people standing both on the ground looking up at Dr. King, such as his
chauffeur, and people on the balcony with Dr. King testified that he appeared,
Dr. King that is, appears to have been lifted physically off of the ground. The
shot caught him in the neck and traveled upwards back through the back of Dr.
King's head. The bullet was traveling upward rather that across or downward as
it would have been had it been fired from a second floor window which James Earl
Ray supposedly did.

At James Earl Ray's trial, incidentally, a former FBI
ballistics expert named Hubert McConnell (sp) testified that for James Earl Ray
to have fired the shot from the position he supposedly fired the shot, the butt
of his rifle would have to had stuck 6 inches into the wall. I'll leave it to
your discretion as to whether you think James Earl Ray actually did that or
whether perhaps he was set up.

The prosecution then replied to the testimony of
Hubert McConnell by stating that James Earl Ray twisted himself into a contorted
position around the bathtub and that was how he was able to fire the shot that
he supposedly fired to kill Martin Luther King. Now the "evidence"
implicating James Earl Ray is about as flimsy as anything could possibly be. A
rifle was found wrapped in a blanket on the ground floor outside the rooming
house where James Earl Ray was staying. It was not actually found where James
Earl Ray supposedly fired the shot. The rifle has never been absolutely traced
to James Earl Ray. Ray claims that he was being followed around and that this
rifle was probably left by Raoul or by Jack Youngblood, the individual he
identified as following him around. But, the only "evidence" that has
ever been cited or ever been mobilized in order to link James Earl Ray with the
crime that he supposedly committed, was the "testimony" of a fellow
named Charles Q. Stevens (sp).

Charles Q. Stevens was a career drunkard and a
doctrinaire racist who was also a tenant at the rooming house that James Earl
Ray was staying in where he supposedly killed Martin Luther King. A cab driver
who had been called to the rooming house to pick up Charles Q. Stevens testified
that Charles Q. Stevens was too drunk to be taken out in his cab and that he was
actually passed out and had to be awakened from a couch. This was at the time
that he was supposedly id'ing James Earl Ray.

For two days after the
assassination of Martin Luther King, Charles Q. Stevens did not identify James
Earl Ray as having been the assassin of Martin Luther King. On the contrary, he
issued a number of statements to various people which have been cross-verified
that "I'd never testify against the man who killed Martin Luther Koon, even
if it were a nigger who had done it". Basically, he was saying for 48 hours
that a black man had killed Martin Luther King and that he would not id him in
any case because he hated Martin Luther King too much. However, eventually the
FBI began to baby-sit Charles Q. Stevens. They footed some $30,000 in bar tabs
for Charles Q. Stevens.

This was in 1968 and this was an individual who had a
career rap sheet of some 130 some-odd arrests for public drunkenness. The FBI
then paid for $30,000 in bar tabs for Charles Q. Stevens and whether it was
perhaps a refreshment of memory or perhaps the pliant effects of all that
liquor, miraculously, eventually Charles Q. Stevens changed his testimony and
said yes, by God, he could identify James Earl Ray as the individual who was
running down the hall and had shot Martin Luther King. That is the only witness
ever cited to link Ray with the place from which he supposedly slew Dr. King.
The only one. And, again, $30,000 in bar tabs in 1968 was a lot of booze. A
dollar was worth a lot more then than it is now and $30,000 in bar tabs is a
considerable amount of booze today and this again for an individual with a
career rap sheet of some 130-odd arrests for public drunkenness. His, that is to
say, Charles Q. Stevens' common-law wife, a woman named Grace Walden or Grace
Stevens, about whom I'll have more to say in a little bit, has contradicted the
testimony of Charles Q. Stevens. She has stated that she indeed did see an
individual wearing a khaki field jacket running down the hall of the rooming
hall after she heard the shot but that it was not James Earl Ray that in fact it
was a man considerably shorter than James Earl Ray. She saw the man, her
common-law husband was passed out on a couch drunk when a cab driver was called
to pick him up, went to pick him up, and it was Grace Stevens or Grace Walden
who said that no indeed it was not James Earl Ray who was running down the hall
of that motel room.

We are going to talk about what happened to her in just a
minute. It should be noted that the summer after Martin Luther King was killed,
his brother was drowned under suspicious circumstances in the swimming pool of
his home. A neighbor recalls hearing someone scream and heard splashing and then
silence and that eliminated Dr. King's brother.

A couple of years later, his
mother was shot and killed as well by some lone nut who went walking into a
church and blew away his mother for reasons that have never been satisfactorily
explained. Suffice it to say that two of the people closest to Martin Luther
King were also dead under strange or downright hostile circumstances within a
short time of Dr. King having been assassinated. And bear in mind that King was
assassinated at a period in time in which it is a matter of public record that
of the U.S. national security establishment or elements thereof, notably the
FBI, were actively engaged in a frustrating of the civil rights and black power,
and anti-Vietnam war movements as a matter of public record.

We are going to
talk about the cover-up and how that was effected in just a couple of minutes,
but one of the main things to understand too as we examine what is obviously
fallacious history, and history has recorded it that James Earl Ray killed
Martin Luther King. One of the interesting things about James Earl Ray's
situation is the individuals who have represented James Earl Ray over the years.

Now, James Earl Ray's first attorney was a fellow named Arthur Haynes (sp),
specifically Arthur Haynes, Sr., because there is also an Arthur Haynes, Jr.

Arthur Haynes had been the mayor of Birmingham, Alabama in the early 1960s. He
was a former FBI agent and former CIA contract agent who not only was not
sympathetic to Dr. Martin Luther King, but who had viewed the American black
civil rights movement as a communist conspiracy, in that regard, his views
coincided very closely with to the views of, among others, J. Edgar Hoover,
America's best-known, though not necessarily best-loved closet queen at the
time.

Now, again, note that Arthur Haynes, a "former" FBI agent
believed that the American black civil rights movement was a communist
conspiracy. He also had been involved in the Bay of Pigs invasion as a CIA
contract agent. Now, I should note that a contract agent is not an agent who
does "contracts', i.e., assassinations in mob parlance. A contract agent is
an individual who goes to work for the CIA for a particular purpose as opposed
to a career operative. He literally signs a contract to do this, that, or the
other thing and he does it. The concept of him eventually severing contacts with
the agency is a dubious one.

Arthur Haynes, Arthur Haynes, Sr., I should say,
was a member of the Alabama Air National Guard, which in the early 1960s, and
specifically in 1960 and 1961 was one of the only American air unit still
utilizing the B-26 Marauder bomber. That was a World War Two propeller driven
medium bomber which was utilized for the Bay of Pigs invasion by the CIA. A
number of B-26s were outfitted with large numbers of 50 caliber machine guns so
they could by used against ground targets in support of the Bay of Pigs invasion
and Arthur Haynes was used by the CIA to train pilots, Cuban exiles, to fly the
B-26s which provided the air support for the Bay of Pigs invasion.

Arthur Haynes
pursued his avid, or he activated I should say, his deep hatred for the civil
rights movement in the 1960s. He was noted for having unleashed John
"Bull" Connor, the brutal sheriff of Birmingham, Alabama on civil
rights demonstrators in the early 60s. "Bull" Connor unleashed fire
hoses and police dogs on civil rights demonstrators and much of the footage that
you will see from that time period of civil rights demonstrators being hosed
down and being beaten and attacked by police dogs comes from Birmingham, Alabama
and the individuals who were meting out the punishment are the deputies of John
"Bull" Connor, who was sheriff of Birmingham and he in turn was acting
on behalf of Arthur Haynes, Sr., the first attorney representing James Earl Ray.

Arthur Haynes also, incidentally, was the defense counsel for four Ku Klux
Klansmen who were eventually convicted of the 16th Street Baptist Church
bombing. The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing was one of the most notorious
incidents of violence in the civil rights struggle in the South in the early
60s. A very powerful bomb went off in a church in Birmingham, Alabama on a
Sunday morning, killing four young black girls and injuring a number of other
people.

The crime outraged the public as a whole. Eventually, four Ku Klux
Klansmen were convicted of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing, their defense
counsel for quite some time was Arthur Haynes, Sr. Later, they were represented
by Arthur Haynes, Jr., his son, who turned out to be a chip off the old
blockhead, so to speak, and basically continued to activate the sort of racist
viewpoints which Arthur Haynes, Sr. had held and put into effect.

After Arthur
Haynes, Sr. had represented James Earl Ray, James Earl Ray was represented by a
Texas attorney named Percy Foreman, who had previously represented among others,
Jack Ruby, for a short period of time. One of a number of evidenciary
tributaries which connect the various American political assassinations and
attempted assassinations of the early 60s and 1970s.

Now following Percy
Foreman's resignation, the next attorney who represented James Earl Ray was a
fellow named Jesse B. Stoner, or JB Stoner as he was usually called.

JB Stoner
was the head of the National States Rights party, which was a doctrinaire racist
and fascist political party which had most of its strength in the south and its
main plank or the main plank in its political platform was its diehard
opposition to the black civil rights.

Incidentally, there was, now bear in mind
that this guy was representing James Earl Ray, none of these individuals, we can
certainly say that Arthur Haynes and JB Stoner would be two of the last
individuals who would like to see the truth brought out concerning any
possibility of a conspiracy behind the assassination of America's foremost civil
rights leader.

By the way, we should note that Dr. King's assassination came in
a time period in which he was turning much of his attention from the civil
rights movement per se to active opposition to the United States' war and
involvement in Vietnam. This is worth noting because as we compare some of the
strategic circumstances in the assassinations of Martin Luther King and Malcolm
X, it is to be noted that the careers of both men were taking very sharp turns
and they had both undertaken some very significant and radical departures from
their past political activities.

In the case of Dr. King, he was moving to
anti-Vietnam war activism, activism vis-a-vis American foreign and military
policy as opposed to just civil rights and in the case of Malcolm X as we will
get to in a short period of time, Malcolm X had dramatically changed his
viewpoints as well. He had broken very sharply with the Nation of Islam, the
so-called Black Muslims, over a number of things, and we will talk about that.

He had notably, radically changed his opinions concerning the viability of black
people and white people working together for social justice. One of the main
ideological tenets of the Nation of Islam under Elijah Muhammed had been that
black people should not work with white people in a political context and indeed
the Nation of Islam itself was largely kept from overt political activities,
fund-raising being a notable exception.

Dr. King, again, was cut down and among
the people representing the guy who supposedly killed him was Arthur Haynes, a
man with documented connections to the intelligence community and a well
documented hatred of black people and an active self-congratulatory racism, so
to speak, Jesse Stoner even more so.

Jesse Stoner was the head of an explicitly
racist and fascist political party, again, the National States Rights Party. Now
interestingly enough, on November 10th, 1963, twelve days before the
assassination of president Kennedy, a Georgia-based representative of the
National States Rights Party, a fellow named Joseph Adams Miltier (sp) was taped
by an undercover Miami police informant who was basically wearing a
"wire".

In this conversation, and again Miltier was a representative
of the NSRP headed up by James Earl Ray defense counsel JB Stoner. Miltier
described a couple of things, actually he described three things of note for us
under the circumstances. First of all, he described a plan to assassinate John
Kennedy by ambushing him from a high-rise office building using a high-powered
rifle. This on November 10th, 1963.

He also described plans to do the same thing
to Martin Luther King and he linked both of these incipient assassinations, both
of which later came to be under circumstances remarkably similar to those
described by Joseph Adams Miltier on November 10th.

He also linked both crimes
with the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963. And
it was the people convicted of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing who were
represented by Arthur Haynes, Sr. and it was Arthur Haynes, Sr. again who was
James Earl Ray's first defense counsel.

Now obviously evidenciary tributaries
running between the assassinations of John Kennedy and Martin Luther King such
as those do not automatically prove that both assassinations were the results of
the activities of the same forces. There are such things as coincidences and
some of the evidenciary tributaries connecting our political assassinations may
be just that. They may be coincidental. Yet, at the same time, I think you would
have to be an idiot to assume that all of them are coincidental.

The last
attorney for James Earl Ray, at least as of this time, is to my way of thinking
the most interesting of all and that was an individual named Mark Lane, who has
become very well known for his supposed investigations into assassinations.

Now
Mark Lane has written about the assassinations of John Kennedy and Martin Luther
King and he has correctly linked both with the U.S. intelligence operate,
however, he has also refused to go as far into either investigation as the
public record itself already reveals. Why Mark Lane chooses to pull punches
remains a matter of conjecture but it should be noted that Mark Lane has stopped
far short in his various books, and *Rush to Judgement*, by the way, his first
book on the John Kennedy assassination, is one of the better early Warren
Commission critiques, but Mark Lane himself has stopped far short of the public
record, what can be reliably placed on the public record in his writings about
the assassinations of both John Kennedy and Martin Luther King.

Significantly,
Mark Lane became, eventually, an attorney for the Liberty Lobby. The Liberty
Lobby is an explicitly anti-semitic {1} and pro-Nazi right wing organization in
this country, best known for publishing a newspaper which, disturbingly at least
to me, is growing in popularity. That newspaper is called "The
Spotlight", and if you haven't come across it yet, you will probably at some point in the not-too-distant future. "The Spotlight" does
publish some good articles, which is disturbing because some of the good
reportage in "The Spotlight" is then juxtaposed alongside "No
Holocaust" theory and other original, if not terribly substantive,
journalistic and historical viewpoints, and I am afraid it may give some of
those viewpoints historical credibility as a result.

The founder of the Liberty
Lobby is a fellow named Willis Carto, who has been quite explicit about the fact
that not only did the Holocaust not happen, but that the United States was on
the wrong side in World War II. And it was Mark Lane who was among the defense
counsels for the Liberty Lobby.

Interestingly enough, at the same time that Mark
Lane was representing James Earl Ray, he also was the attorney representing
"The People's Temple" of the Reverend Jim Jones.

Now the People's
Temple appears to have been a U.S. intelligence operation. There are a number of
indications concerning that, as ridiculous as that will seem to some people, I
refer interested listeners to Radio Free America programs #6, Radio Free America
#7. RFA #8 also talks about some of the connections that I am going to be
detailing this evening. I also refer listeners to a miscellaneous archive show
dealing with Dan White, Jonestown, and the Mosconi-Milk killings.

Tape One Side 2

In the
first place, one of the major intelligence connections to Jonestown concerns the
Layton family, and if I seem to be getting a little bit far afield, I am going
to be tying Jonestown and the People's Temple massacre in Guiana with
circumstances surrounding the investigation into the assassination of Martin
Luther King, so bear with me for a short period of time.

Now, one of the main
connections we want to know vis-a-vis Jonestown, is the Layton family.

Now the
Layton family were inextricably linked with the People's Temple. In the first
place, Dr. Lawrence Layton, Sr. was one of the main financial contributors to
Jonestown and Dr. Lawrence Layton, Sr. had previously been in charge of research
and development for the United States Army's Dugway proving ground, one of the
top chemical and biological warfare research centers for the United States Army.

He had also held a key position in the U.S. Navy's rocketry fuel development
program in Maryland and the family itself was very prominent, a prominent
southern family who had had ancestors fighting for the Confederate Army and the
Layton family had a number of interesting connections to the national security
establishment.

The most interesting being Lawrence Layton, Sr.

Now Lawrence
Layton, Sr. had a number of children. Lawrence Layton, Jr. was one of them and
it was Larry Layton, Jr. who led the firing squad which executed Representative
Leo Ryan and others. Congressman Leo Ryan and a number of other people at the
Port Kituma (sp) airstrip in Guiana.

His sister was named Debra Layton Blakey
(sp) and she was married to a fellow named George Phillip Blakey.

George Phillip
Blakey had been the individual who placed the down payment on the property in
Guiana which was purchased by Jim Jones and the People's Temple.

He had
previously been a contract agent for the Central Intelligence Agency in Angola
where the CIA was conducting a massive covert operation and the evidence
suggests that among the purposes of Jonestown was the training of black
Brazilian mercenaries to fight for the CIA in Angola.

Brazil has a large black
population, Portuguese is the native tongue of Brazil as it is in Angola. Both
of them were formerly Portuguese colonies. A large number of black mercenaries
were trained for the Angolan operation.

Jonestown and George Phillip Blakey
appear to have been two of the main connections involved with that training.

The
CIA chief-of-mission, a fellow named Richard Dwyer was present at the massacre
at Jonestown. In fact, Jim Jones can be heard on a tape shouting "get Dwyer
out of here, get Dwyer out of here". Again the Dwyer that Jim Jones was
referring to as the massacre was occurring was Richard Dwyer, CIA
chief-of-station for Guiana.

By the way, it should be noted that the People's
Temple members at Jonestown had been very active on behalf of president Forbes
Burnham (sp) of Guiana, or perhaps it is prime minister, I am not sure which.
Anyway, Forbes Burnham was the head of state of Guiana and was a CIA protégé,
quite openly.

The People's Temple worked on behalf of Forbes Burnham in Guiana.
It is also believed by many and I subscribe to this viewpoint, that among the
motivations for the establishment of Jonestown was that Jonestown was being used
as an extension of the CIA's mind-control programs that I discussed in Radio
Free America shows five, six, and seven, as well as several miscellaneous
archive shows.

The people at the Jonestown site had a huge and very
sophisticated hospital, at least for such a small community and the people there
were given a medical examination every day. Large numbers of psychiatric drugs
were found at the Jonestown site and if you look at photographs that came out of
the People's Temple massacre, supposedly it was a mass suicide, but Dr. Moto
(sp), the chief medical examiner who oversaw the investigation, Dr. Moto has
testified that most of the people were killed either by injection or by gunshot.

They were murdered, they did not commit suicide. If you look at the photographs
at the massacre site, not only will you find that most of the bodies are face
down. Whereas people are dying of cyanide poisoning, they are going to die under
more or less random positions. Some are going to be face up, some face down,
some on their side. The vast majority of them, not all of them, but the vast
majority of them are face down.

Beyond that, you will find that most of the ones
that are visible in the clear photographs have identification tags either around
their wrists or ankle or both, similar to the id tags that are used to identify
patients in hospitals. I would also note that the military commander of the U.S.
troops that were involved in investigating or getting the bodies out of
Jonestown, he has testified that he was called by Robert Pastor, who was
Zbigniew Bryzinski's (sp) top aide on the National Security Council and was
ordered directly to stop identifying the bodies at Jonestown and that is a very
unusual thing, particularly when taken in light of the other activities at the
People's Temple.

I would note too, that Leo Ryan, who was killed at Jonestown
when he went down to investigate the People's Temple, Leo Ryan had been coauthor
of the Hughes-Ryan amendment which obliged the CIA to give congress prior
notification of covert operations, something the CIA was not particularly crazy
about.

One of the most interesting aspects of Jonestown concerns the bodies
themselves and the number of people that were found there. Initially, the news
reports described the People's Temple encampment at Jonestown as having 1100
people. There were references to 1100 American passports that belonged to people
who went down to Jonestown. Then after the massacre, the number 900 began to get
kicked around, 200 suddenly dropped off.

It is the opinion of many that those
200 were the elite guard that surrounded Jim Jones. Although the People's Temple
was overwhelmingly black, all of Jones top lieutenants, between 120 and 200 of
them, were almost all white. Not exclusively, but almost all of them.

It is the
opinion of many that have studied the Jonestown situation critically that the
People's Temple leadership, the all-white leadership of this predominantly black
organization were the passports that immediately dropped from view when news of
the massacre first hit the American media.

I would encourage people that are skeptical about some of the things I am saying to go back to the newspaper
accounts at the time. The People's Temple massacre happened on November 18th,
1978. That was a Saturday night and for some four or five days the American
newspapers, such as the New York Times, our newspaper of record, all the major
dailies were saying that the authorities in Guiana could account for 400 bodies
and there was widespread speculation about what had happened to the other 500
bodies.

Now, again, initially there was a description of 1100 passports for
passageto Jonestown. That dropped by 200 and for four or five days, the media
were engaging in speculation about where the other 500 people were. After some
four or five days, and the military commander at Jonestown has testified that he
was ordered to stop identifying the bodies at Jonestown, after four or five days
the media suddenly accepted the official version which was that they had figured
out where the missing 500 bodies were. They were really under the other 400 the
whole time, they just hadn't been noticed. You know, it sounds funny, but this
is the actual official explanation: After four or five days of turning bodies
over, they said "Oh, here are those other 500 bodies we couldn't find, they
were under the first 400 all along, we just didn't notice". This is the
actual official explanation, of course. The problem is people don't pay much
attention to public news events in this country. Roughly three percent of the
American people read newspapers, 15% of the American people read books, 97% of
the American now list the television as their primary information source and
interestingly enough, the American people read an average of one book per person
per lifetime. That is an average.

So, the absurd, no it is true, it is kind of
depressing, too. Which means you have got somebody like myself who has read
hundreds of books, that averages out to an awful lot of "dumbkopfs" who haven't
read any because it is an average of one book per person per lifetime in the
United States and that's not too good.

All you see on television is an image,
you get an image. Reading permits the simultaneous integration of concepts and I
think it is a sad thing that we have turned away from the printed word and one
of the things that I try to do on my broadcasts is to perhaps forge an effective
synthesis between the electronic media and the printed word.

But, suffice it to
say that is the version of Jonestown that has gone down in history, namely that
the other 500 bodies, no mention about the other 200 who just disappeared, they
were under the first 400 all along, but "we just didn't notice". And
again, go back and look at the pictures of the People's Temple massacre site
where you can damn bloody-well see that there aren't some 500 bodies under the
other 400. It is quite evident that this was not the case. People have
speculated, and again we do not have the definitive answer, people have
speculated that what was going on was that a lot of people had run away from the
massacre site and were being hunted down, killed, and brought back to the site.
We will never know for sure, but it is a cinch that the other 500 bodies were
not just hidden under the first 400 for four or five days.

Now interestingly
enough, it was reported that there was a death squad associated with the
People's Temple, that the people who had been enemies of the People's Temple
would be disposed of by a People's Temple death squad which had been put
together and survived the massacre.

It should also be noted that a number of
People's Temple dissidents, disaffected members, died under strange
circumstances, automobile accidents, etc., prior to the move down to Guiana.

It
should be noted that although there has always been an official disclaimer that
a People's Temple death squad existed, there are some interesting pieces of
information that perhaps that analysis was premature.

The first person on the
People's Temple death list, the first individual to be disposed of, by the
People's Temple was mayor George Mosconi of San Francisco, who was shot to death
nine days after the People's Temple massacre. George Mosconi's campaign in San
Francisco had been liberally aided by People's Temple members. Jim Jones had
been named by George Mosconi as head of the San Francisco Housing Authority and
it should be noted that Harvey Milk also had his campaign liberally assisted by
the People's Temple.

Harvey Milk was also disposed of, obviously, by Dan White,
who many feel may have been a programmed assassin. I personally subscribe to
that theory and we can talk about Dan White if you like during the question and
answer session, but again, despite official denials of the existence of a
People's Temple death squad, the first individual on the People's Temple hit
list, was shot dead nine days after the massacre.

Number Two on the People's
Temple hit list was a woman named Jeannie Mills, who along with her husband, Al
Mills, wrote a book, she was a former People's Temple aide who wrote a book
called *My Six Years With God*, which was fiercely critical of the People's
Temple. And Jim Jones had placed her name right behind that of George Mosconi on
the People's Temple hit list.

In the summer of 1979, some nine or ten months
after the Jonestown massacre, Jeannie Mills, her husband Al, and her daughter
were found shot to death in their Berkeley home. The police were seen carrying a
bullet-riddled door out of the home. Their son, who was watching television in
another room, never even heard any shots, suggesting either that he was drugged
and/or perhaps that silenced weapons were utilized. Whatever the case may be,
the murders of Jean and Al Mills and their daughter, I believe her name was
Daphne, I am not sure, but in any case, the Mills family assassination remains
unsolved to this day. Again, they were shot to gristle in Berkeley. The killing
has never been solved and they were number two on the People's Temple hit list.

Suffice it to say that although official disclaimers have been issued that no
such hit squad existed, I think you would have a difficult time convincing
George Mosconi and Jean and Al Mills of that under the circumstances.
Unfortunately, you will not have the opportunity to try. I mention all of this
background concerning the People's Temple, and bear in mind too, that when the
U.S. national security establishment decides to move in any given significant
direction, they do so when to move in that direction will scratch a number of
different itches at different strategic levels simultaneously.

Now among the
people who would have been at the People's Temple massacre had Liberty Lobby and
People's Temple attorney Mark Lane had his way was Grace Stevens or Grace
Walden, the common-law wife of Charles Q. Stevens, the career drunkard who had
been plied with liquor by the FBI in order to come up with his testimony that
yes, by golly, he did see James Earl Ray running down the rooming house hall
from which he supposedly fired the shot that supposedly killed Martin Luther
King.

Now, Mark Lane, at the time that he was serving as the People's Temple
attorney, was maneuvering with Terry Buford (sp), another top Jones aide, to
have Grace Stevens transferred down to Jonestown, where had she been
transferred, she would have died during the massacre.

At the same time that he
was doing this, Mark Lane was also serving as James Earl Ray's defense counsel
while the House Select Committee on Assassinations was conducting its badly
compromised investigation into the assassinations of John Kennedy and Martin
Luther King.

That investigation was, as I have said, badly compromised. Despite
that, not even this badly compromised investigation could avoid the conclusion
that there was a 95% probability of a conspiracy behind both the assassinations
of Martin Luther King and John F. Kennedy and interestingly enough, one of the
people that the House Select Committee on Assassinations was focusing on, a St.
Louis based organized crime figure, was literally blown to bits by a car bomb
shortly after the House Select Committee concluded its investigation.

Well, had
Mark Lane had his way, Grace Stevens or Grace Walden, would have been present at
the People's Temple massacre and would have been eliminated during the course of
that massacre. Fortunately, she did not go down there, but this is as Mark Lane
is serving as James Earl Ray's defense counsel, and you have got to think that
if what Mark Lane was really interested in was justice for his client, James
Earl Ray, then he would have been undertaking to get Grace Walden or Grace
Stevens down to testify either before congress or before a court of law where
her testimony could be used to exonerate his client, rather than going down to
Jonestown, where she would have been exterminated in what was already known to
be a very, shall we say, creative community, in which the possibility of a
massacre was recognized by all parties concerned, including Mark Lane, to hear
his later testimony.

Now, it should be noted too, that Mark Lane at the time
that he was representing James Earl Ray and the People's Temple, was going
around, particularly in the Bay Area, and giving radio interviews, notably on
KGO among other institutions that the People's Temple was "a paradise on
earth". That was his assessment of the People's Temple.

On Friday, November
17th, 1978, as the House Select Committee on Assassinations public hearings were
drawing to a close, some of the most dramatic testimony was given on the floor
of congress concerning the assassination of Martin Luther King.

This came from a
former FBI agent, I believe operating off the top of my head, that his name was
Mertagh (sp), but in any event whether or not that was his name, and I am pretty
sure about that, this former FBI agent assigned at the time of Martin Luther
King's assassination, to the Atlanta, Georgia FBI office, now bear in mind
according to Robert Byron Watson and his legal affidavit has been endorsed by
those law enforcement officials who have bothered to investigate it, according
to Robert Byron Watson, the people used at the operational level to kill Martin
Luther King were people from this U.S. intelligence gold and drug smuggling
operation based at the Magellan Art Gallery in Atlanta, Georgia, involving,
among others, Larry McDonald, and again, this fellow Jack Youngblood, aka Herman
Jackson, who appears to have [been] the "eggs and sausages" man that I
spoke about earlier.

Now, Mertagh testified in the public hearings stemming out
of the House Select Committee's investigation that when news came over the radio
that Dr. Martin Luther King had been shot, the FBI's Atlanta office broke into
cheers and a fellow agent said "they got him, they got Zorro" which
was the FBI's code name for Martin Luther King. "I hope he dies, the son of
a bitch". And as Mertagh said this on the floor of congress, he broke down
in tears on the floor of congress. It was one of the most dramatic moments in
the admittedly tepid House Select Committee on Assassinations investigation.

This took place on Friday, November 17th. On Saturday, November 18th, late in
the evening, the news reports began to come in about the People's Temple
massacre. Whatever attention people may have been paying to the House Select
Committee on Assassinations investigation on Friday November 17th, when Arthur
Mertagh gave the dramatic testimony concerning the cheers in the Atlanta FBI
field office, oh, by the way in addition to the cheers that came out when they
heard King had been shot, when he was confirmed as having died, there were more
cheers and again Mertagh broke down in tears again while describing this.

This
was very, very dramatic testimony, but by the following Monday when the work
week resumed, and when the hearings resumed, nobody was thinking about the House
Select Committee's hearings. Everybody was taking a look at the horrible
pictures of bodies that were coming in out of Guiana.

The public hearings on the
House Select Committee's investigation were totally eclipsed after the Jonestown
incident happened.

Beyond that, Mark Lane had been going around saying that
James Earl Ray was innocent. He had also been going around saying that the
People's Temple was a paradise on earth and, of course, he looked like God's own
ass after that and was completely discredited, thereby discrediting by
association in the minds of those who were interested, his assertion, a correct
one, that James Earl Ray was demonstrably innocent under the circumstances.

And,
again, bear in mind that it was Mark Lane who was working to get Grace Stevens
down to Jonestown at the time that he should have been getting her to testify
before the House Select Committee on Assassinations. In my opinion, a number of
different itches were scratched with the Jonestown operation. First of all, mind
control experiments may very well have been conducted. It was used to train
mercenaries for the CIA's Angola operation. It was used to provide political
support for CIA protégé Forbes Burnham in Guiana. It was also used to eliminate
CIA opponent Leo Ryan, another one of the people who was shot to death, another
progressive political leader who was shot to death.

It served to completely
eclipse the House Select Committee's hearings. It completely discredited Mark
Lane and by association, anyone who was claiming that James Earl Ray was
innocent, and bear in mind the message too, that must have been sent to people
in congress, saying "hey, folks, you are looking into some of our domestic
operations, here. We don't like that and we will show you what happens if you
continue these investigations".

Let's take a look at Leo Ryan. Again, Leo
Ryan was coauthor of the Hughes-Ryan amendment which obliged the CIA to give
congress prior notification of impending covert operations and these were some
of the things which, in my opinion, were achieved as a result of the Jonestown
massacre. Now, again bear in mind, that in this time period, the FBI is noted to
have been operating actively against Martin Luther King. We know this for a
fact. We also know this for a fact that in this same time period, the FBI was
operating openly against the Nation of Islam, and Malcolm X.

I see the telltale
sign that it is time for me to give people a break and it is time for people to
get enough rest to allow their cerebral cortices to get back into function, and
to perform necessary biological functions. I see people beginning to slump in
their chairs and make exits for strategic visits to wherever out back, so I
think I am going to allow people to make those strategic visits and still not
miss any of the lecture at this time.

Break---

Alright, well, suffice it to say
that at the same time that Martin Luther King and the more mainstream elements
of the black civil rights movement were as a matter of public record under
investigation and destabilization by the intelligence services, so the more
militant elements of the black civil rights movement and black power movement
were also being destabilized.

What happened to the Black Panthers for example,
is largely a matter of public record.

The Nation of Islam, popularly known as
the Black Muslims, were also under infiltrations/destabilization at this same
period of time.

It should be noted that one of the main strategic vehicles used
by the FBI in the COINTELPRO program was to infiltrate organizations and to
plant agents to promote active hostility among various organizations, hopefully
mortal activity and hostility that would have mortal results.

There is a fellow
who has become quite well known in connection with the Kwanza (sp) holiday, for
example, a guy named Ron Karenga (sp) in southern California, who according to
many sources, was actively involved as an FBI agent and was involved in
stimulating hostility between his organization called US or United Slaves, and
the Black Panthers in Los Angeles.

He has since become something of a guiding
light in the black community, but a number of sources who have never been
impeached, including former FBI informants involved with COINTELPRO, have
identified Ron Karenga as one of the main operatives in COINTELPRO in southern
California.

Now, the Black Muslims were as a matter of public record, under
infiltration at this period of time and there were some of the same elements
involved with infiltrating and destabilizing the Black Muslims or the Nation of
Islam as were involved with other aspects of COINTELPRO, including the
activities directed against Martin Luther King.

The Division Five of the FBI,
which is the internal security division, almost like a separate agency, put
pressure on an organization called BOSSI to infiltrate both the Nation of Islam
and Malcolm X's breakaway organization called the Organization of Afro-American
Unity, we are going to talk about that organization in a minute.

The institution
that they utilized to do that was called BOSSI, which was the New York City
organized crime or anti- organized crime and anti-red squad. They were a lot
better against "reds" than they were against organized crime. What is
worth noting is that the head of BOSSI at this time was a fellow named Anthony
Ulazowitz (sp).

Anthony Ulazowitz later emerged into the public view during the
Watergate scandal when it came out that he and one of his top aides in BOSSI, a
fellow named John Caulfield, had been two of the main operatives of Richard
Nixon's dirty tricks operation against his political opponents. Both John
Caulfield and Anthony Ulazowitz were actively involved with infiltrating both
the Nation of Islam and the Organization of Afro-American Unity, on behalf of
Division Five of the FBI.

Incidentally, John Caulfield, his name surfaces in
connection with a Warren Commission document in which he was recruited by the
Warren Commission to look into the activities of the DRE in the New York area.
The DRE was the Directorio Revolutionario Estudiantil that was the Students
Revolutionary Directorate, as one of the anti-Castro organizations that was
placed under the umbrella group, the CRC, the umbrella organization overseeing
all anti-Castro Cuban activities on behalf of CIA.

And, it is worth noting that
the BOSSI placed a number of agents, they were very successful at infiltrating
both the Nation of Islam and the Organization of Afro-American Unity.

One of the
most famous pictures of Malcolm X's assassination was a picture of the fallen,
in fact this appeared in Life magazine, of the fallen Malcolm X having
artificial resuscitation administered by one of his bodyguards, a fellow named
Gene Roberts, or Brother Gene.

In fact, Brother Gene was an undercover agent for
BOSSI.

And it is worth noting that the activity that he was engaged in, at the
time, administering artificial resuscitation, is contraindicated, no pun
intended, for someone suffering a chest wound because what it does is, it puts
air bubbles into the blood stream, which when they reach the heart can cause a
cardiac arrest and death. So, you do not administer artificial resuscitation or
CPR to someone with a chest wound, and Malcolm X had massive chest wounds. He
would have died anyway, but had there been any possibility of his surviving,
Brother Gene might very well have cut that short with the activities that he was
supposedly was engaging in to save Malcolm X's life.

It is also worth noting,
that in a picture that was also taken right after the assassination, there is a
curious bulge in Brother Gene's pockets and a very obvious bullet hole in his
jacket. It is unclear just how he got the bullet hole in his jacket. He
supposedly was one of Malcolm's bodyguards, but he did not do a very good job of
protecting Malcolm X.

Now, I mentioned that Dr. King was assassinated with a
year of the time in which he had switched or altered, I should say, his
political activities from being "simply" a civil-rights activist to
being an anti-Vietnam war activist as well.

Dr. King had correctly perceived
that the growing costs, both economically and politically, of the Vietnam war
was detracting from the effort that the nation could put into redressing the
past grievances against Afro-Americans, so he saw the Vietnam war as a major
impediment, not only to civil rights for colored people in this country, people
of color, but also as representing an extension of racial oppression, the kind
of racial oppression that had been directed against blacks and others in this
country, as representing an extension of that same racist ethic to the
activities of the United States vis-a-vis people of color in other countries.

This was similar in some ways to the kinds of activities that Malcolm X had
begun engaging in prior to his assassination. Malcolm X had been the top
spokesperson and the most trusted lieutenant for Elijah Muhammed, the head of
the Nation of Islam, popularly known as the Black Muslims.

However, he had
parted very sharply with Elijah Muhammed and ultimately broke completely with
the Nation of Islam over a number of different things. For one thing, the Nation
of Islam had historically been against political cooperation between black
people and white people, in fact, it was one of the main tenets of the Nation of
Islam that black people should not engage in political activities in conjunction
with white people. When Malcolm X took a tour of Africa, he was particularly
impressed with his visit to South Africa in which he noted very close and
successful cooperation between blacks and whites in South Africa against the
apartheid regime, and this among other things lead him to some sharp revisions
in his political outlook.

Among the major things that Malcolm broke with Elijah
Muhammed over was his decision that in fact black/white political cooperation
was not only viable but in fact necessary if ultimately the liberation of people
of color and ultimately of white people too, was to be achieved in the United
States and elsewhere. This ran directly counter to the teachings of the Nation
of Islam, which even advocated abstinence from political activity of the
conventional sort by black people, having nothing to do with their involvement
with white people.

It is also worth noting that Malcolm X had broken with Elijah
Muhammed over Elijah Muhammed's own personal ethical behavior. Elijah Muhammed
advocated strict celibacy or strict moral behavior, shall we say, for all of the
people in his organization and yet he had impregnated a number of his own
secretaries who then bore children out of wedlock and then were then fined and
otherwise censored by the organization for their alleged immoral behavior, not
mentioning that the father of the children was actually Elijah Muhammed himself.
This appalled Malcolm X who also took great issue, one of the main sources of
the break between Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammed was something which also
reflects on the infiltration of the Nation of Islam, and their use, by the FBI
as a vehicle for agitation and provocation.

It developed that Elijah Muhammed
and the Nation of Islam was receiving large amounts of money from none other
than H.L. Hunt, the right-wing Texas oil billionaire. This was covered in *The
Judas Factor* by Karl Evanz that I discussed at the beginning of the lecture
this evening.

Now, H.L. Hunt was one of the main financiers of the far right in
this country. His family's name crops up in a number of different contexts in
connection with the assassination of president Kennedy and it is more than a
little interesting to find H.L. Hunt, who is an avowed racist, funding the
Nation of Islam. It would appear, and this is speculative, but it would appear
that the main motivation for H.L. Hunt's funding of the Nation of Islam, leaving
aside the possibility that his funding may have supported the Division Five of
the FBI's infiltration and subversion of the organization.

H.L. Hunt was very
vocal with his viewpoint that all African-Americans should, in fact, cease to be
African-Americans and go back to Africa, a viewpoint that was also being
promulgated by the Nation of Islam.

It should be noted that Aryan Nations
elements today have found common cause with Lewis Farakhan, the ostensible successor to Malcolm X, actually, I believe, the successor to Elijah
Muhammed.

We are going to talk about Farakhan later on, but both Robert Miles, a Michigan
Ku Klux Klansman who was sentenced to prison for firebombing school buses in
order to oppose forced busing in the state of Michigan and Tom Metzger, the
director of White Aryan Resistance and a former Klan leader himself, have worked
actively with Lewis Farakhan in recent years, in the 1980s.

There is an
historical parallel, I think, between the functioning of the Nation of Islam and
a wing of the Zionist movement in the 1930s. That is not as well known or not as
well recognized by history that prior to Hitler's so-called final solution to
the Jewish question, i.e., his extermination of European Jewry, there was what
we might term the not-so-final solution to the "Jewish Problem" and
that before the Nazis began actively liquidating the Jewish population of
Europe, they actively promoted Jewish emigration to Palestine and in so doing,
they found common cause with significant elements of the Zionist movement who
for a time, at any rate, actively collaborated with Amt4B (sp) of the SS
intelligence service which was in charge with all "Jewish matters".

The head of Amt4B was Adolph Eichmann and the Zionist movement in the 1930s was
seeking to promote Jewish emigration to Palestine to build up the Jewish
population of Palestine. The Nazis, by the same token, were looking to make
Europe "Judenrein" (sp), or Jew free, and so for a period of time, they actually
collaborated actively.

In fact, the head of, at one point, of the Hagana (sp),
the Palestinian self-defense organization and the precursor to the Mossad, was a
fellow named Fivel Polkes, a Polish-born Jew, who was actually serving as an
agent of the SS intelligence service, in order to promote Jewish emigration to
Palestine.

There also was a branch of the Zionist movement which was explicitly
fascist. The Zionist, like other political movements, is by no means monolithic
and in addition to more liberal elements of the Zionist movement, there was a
branch of the Zionist movement which was explicitly and avowedly fascist. That
movement was called the Betar, or the Betarim, and in the 1930s and '40s, there
were actually pitched battles in the streets of Tel Aviv between the ranks of
the Betar and socialist-Zionists.

The best known graduate of the Betarim
movement was Menachem Begin, who later went on to become, of course, prime
minister of Israel. The leader of the Betarim was a fellow named Vladimir
Yabotinski (sp), who once described Menachem Begin as "screeching like an
old door", but Yabotinski had an article in the Italian Zionist publication
Le Deias Unistica (sp), in which he made it very clear that the collaboration
between the Betarim and Mussolini, a very active collaboration, was not merely a
marriage of convenience for the Betarim, but that they ideologically supported
fascism and agreed with what Mussolini was doing.

The Betarim also received
military training at Mussolini's Naval Cadet School. I think that elements of
the Nation of Islam and Farakhan's organization today could be compared with the
more reactionary elements of the Zionist movement, who at least for a period of
time, found common cause with those who ultimately advocated the extermination
of world Jewry and they worked for a time together in order to promote Jewish
emigration to Palestine.

By the same token, even though the Aryan Nations
portray black people as cannibals in black skirts with bones through their
noses, cooking up missionaries in a pot and are very explicit about their
viewpoint that blacks are genetically inferior to whites, yet, there was a
pattern of cooperation between Elijah Muhammed's organization and people like
George Lincoln Rockwell, the fuhrer of the American Nazi Party, who was an
enthusiastic supporter of Elijah Muhammed and the Nation of Islam, as was H.L.
Hunt, who also was an avowed racist who sought the return of all blacks to
Africa.

It is worth noting that George Lincoln Rockwell's name, phone number,
and Arlington, Virginia address were in the address book of self-proclaimed
Marxist Lee Harvey Oswald at the time of his arrest at the Texas theater in
Dallas, Texas. Ultimately, of course, George Lincoln Rockwell himself as well as
a fellow named Burrows, Daniel Burrows, another American Nazi, who name,
address, and phone number were in Oswald's address book, Burrows supposedly
committed suicide, George Lincoln Rockwell was assassinated in 1967, supposedly
by a rival Nazi leader who was eventually convicted of the crime.

It is worth
noting that he was assassinated just as Jim Garrison's investigation was gaining
steam in New Orleans. Daniel Burrows, one of the other American Nazis whose name
and address were in Oswald's address book, supposedly committed suicide in 1965
at the home of Ku Klux Klansman Roy Frankhauser (sp), who later went to work as
a contract agent for the CIA.

It is worth noting, though, as Frankhauser put it,
the alleged suicide of Daniel Burrows, "bad case of suicide, three
bullets", still, that's what they said though. Again, a three bullet
suicide was a very bad case of suicide, almost a bad as Danny Casalero.

But,
again, at this period of time, there are indications that in addition to being
used as a vehicle for infiltration, elements of the racist and fascist movements
in this country found common cause with the Nation of Islam because they
basically sought to make America a white country and the Nation of Islam proved
to be a usual tool, at least to a certain extent, in their view, in promoting
this end.

It is worth noting that it is a matter of public record that the
infiltration of the Nation of Islam reached a very high, very successful level.

The treasurer of the Nation of Islam was a fellow named John Ali, like Muhammed
Ali, and it has now been established from freedom-of-information act documents
and other information that John Ali was a very highly placed informant for the
FBI and following the discreditation of one of Elijah Muhammed's sons as a
result of a drug conviction, John Ali, for a period of time, became the most
powerful member of the Nation of Islam.

Incidentally, the work of John Ali for
the FBI was first revealed by journalist Louis Lomax, who had done a lot of work
on the assassinations of both Martin Luther King and of Malcolm X and wrote a
book about both of their assassinations called *To Kill a Black Man*. He had won
a contract to make a motion picture about the assassination of Malcolm X in
which he was going to implicate the intelligence community. While he was on his
way to the set, during one of the early days of shooting, the brakes on his car
failed and he was killed in a one-car automobile accident and that eliminated
Louis Lomax, one of a number of suspicious deaths in connection with the
investigations into the assassinations of King and Malcolm X.

In addition to
breaking with the Nation of Islam, in addition to breaking with the Nation of
Islam over the moral conduct of Elijah Muhammed, in addition to breaking with
the Nation of Islam over their prohibition of black/white political cooperation,
Malcolm X had perhaps most notably drawn fire from the reactionary forces in
this country and from the intelligence services in particular by actively
forming political alliances with blacks and people of color in other parts of
the world, specifically, Malcolm X took a tour of Africa in which he was very
well received by black African leaders, and he was working on a petition with
leaders of African nations to have the United States and South Africa condemned
for their racist policies at the United Nations.

Now this would, of course, have
been a tremendous blow to the international prestige of the United States,
particularly in the eyes of third world countries, and it is a matter of public
record from declassified documents, that this was a source of great
consternation to the State Department and to the Central Intelligence Agency.

Richard Helms, director of the CIA at the time, was very concerned over the
activities of Malcolm X and had instructed the CIA to do everything they could
to "monitor" the activities of Malcolm X. One of the great euphemisms
in intelligence parlance is the word "monitor". It could mean anything
from surveillance to termination with extreme prejudice, i.e., assassination.

It
is noted too, that there are indications that the word was out in the
international intelligence community that Malcolm X was going to be
assassinated.

Malcolm X, while on a tour of Egypt, narrowly escaped death. He
was poisoned, a number of white Europeans or Americans in suits, it was never
established, were seen following Malcolm X around. Whenever he would stop at a
restaurant, they were at the next table. He almost died of poisoning in Egypt.
He somehow got something in his food and he narrowly escaped death.

Later, when
he wanted to visit France, he was turned away by the French authorities at Orli
(sp) Airport, which was also very strange. Not only had Malcolm X had no problem
getting into France previously, but France had a notably liberal attitude toward
political dissidents from other countries and in fact has long been viewed by
political exiles as a safe haven from oppression. So, their curious behavior in
refusing to allow Malcolm X even to get off the plane. He not only was not
allowed to visit France, he was not even allowed to disembark from his plane,
has suggested to many observers, and I agree with this analysis, that the
French, specifically the SDECE, the Service Directoire d'Espionage et
Contrespionage (sp), the French intelligence service, already had word that
Malcolm X was targeted, that the CIA and or FBI was going to get him and they
did not want his assassination occurring on French soil, so they refused to even
let him disembark.

Tape Two Side One ---

It's worth noting too, that Malcolm was
on the receiving end of a number of hostile activities a few nights before he
was assassinated. He was assassinated on February 21st of 1965. About a week
before, maybe as much as eight or nine days before, his home, Malcolm X's home
in New York was firebombed. Eye witnesses saw a policeman walking into his house
and the police later claimed that Malcolm X firebombed his own home in an
attempt to create the notion that somebody was actively opposing him and a
firebomb was found, I believe it was on his wife's dresser, and the claim was
then bandied about by the authorities that Malcolm X had firebombed his own
home.

It is also worth noting that there appears to have been a dress rehearsal
of Malcolm X's assassination a few days before he was actually assassinated. In
a rehearsal for an address in New York City, there was a disturbance in the
audience and a fellow said "nigger, get your hand out of my pocket",
and there was then a scuffle and Malcolm X broke up the scuffle. Nothing much
came of that.

Later on, however, those exact same words led to a scuffle which
appears to have been the cue to the assassins to open fire on Malcolm X.

It is
worth noting that John Ali was present at this particular address in which what
appears to have been a dress rehearsal for Malcolm's assassination took place.

Now when Malcolm X was assassinated, he was giving a speech at the Audubon
Ballroom in New York City. One of the interesting aspects of his assassination
was that all of the speakers who were scheduled to appear at this event
cancelled at the last minute.

Malcolm X was there, but somehow it appears that
the word got out that this was not going to be a place to be. But for whatever
reason, all of the scheduled speakers but Malcolm X cancelled the day of his
assassination.

Again, bear in mind that there was at least one active BOSSI and
FBI agent present on Malcolm's security staff at the Audubon Ballroom, the
aforementioned Gene Roberts or Brother Gene, and that he was operating at the
behest of Anthony Ulazowitz (sp) and John Caulfield, later key Watergate
operatives on behalf of Richard Nixon, that they at the time were working with
the BOSSI, the New York City Anti-Organized Crime and Red Squad, tabbed by
Division Five of the FBI to work against both the Nation of Islam and Malcolm
X's Organization of Afro-American Unity.

Now in the audience when Malcolm got up
to speak, there was this same disturbance that had taken place a few days
earlier. A guy said "Nigger, get your hand out of my pocket", and
there was a scuffle in the audience. Malcolm said "Cool it brothers, cool
it".

At that point, one of the two combatants pulled a German Luger out of
his pocket and began opening fire at Malcolm X. Another man in the audience
pulled out a sawed-off shotgun and fired and struck Malcolm X at virtually
point-blank range. The assassins then exited out one of the side doors, firing
at Malcolm X the whole time and holding most of the audience at bay.

Malcolm's
own security people fired and wounded one of the assassins as they were
escaping. Now that night there was a fire at Mosque Seven in Harlem, which had
been founded by Malcolm X and eventually the leadership of Mosque Seven was
taken over by Lewis X, as he was calling himself at the time, now Lewis Farakhan,
who incidentally had publically called for Malcolm X's death following Malcolm's
break with and condemnation of Elijah Muhammed.

But the night Malcolm X was
assassinated, Mosque Seven had a very serious fire. The same evening,
interestingly enough, there was a very mysterious fire at the apartment of
Muhammed Ali, the famed prize fighter, also perhaps the best known member of the
Nation of Islam and for a long time a very close political supporter and
personal friend of Malcolm X.

The fire at Muhammed Ali's apartment was a rather
strange one. No one knew that Muhammed Ali and his wife at the time were going
to be at this restaurant, yet they got a call at the restaurant telling them
that their apartment was on fire. Many people have raised questions about this.
It is also worth noting that within a few days of Malcolm's assassination, of
the mysterious fire at the Mosque Seven, the mysterious fire at Muhammed Ali's
apartment, the law offices of Percy Sutton, a New York City councilperson,
actually, I believe, later a congressional representative, Percy Sutton's law
offices were vandalized a few days later and also the New York offices of the
Organization of Afro-American Unity, Malcolm's organization, were vandalized a
few days later.

It is worth noting again that Lewis Lomax, who had investigated
the assassinations of both Martin Luther King and Malcolm X, concluded that the
intelligence community was behind it.

He had, as I said, landed a movie contract
about the assassination of Malcolm X, which implicated the intelligence
community. While driving to the set one day, the brakes on his car failed and he
was killed in an accident. He also, Lomax that is, was pursuing leads in
Louisiana which would have connected the assassination of Martin Luther King
with that of John F. Kennedy and specifically, he was looking into the
activities of the people surrounding the 544 Camp Street, 531 Lafayette Place
address that was run as the Guy Bannister Detective Agency.

Guy Bannister,
former head of the FBI Chicago office, also a former Office of Naval
Intelligence operative, as accurately portrayed in the movie "JFK". In
addition to operating on behalf of the CIA's anti-Castro Cuban efforts, the
Bannister Detective Agency was also very active against the civil-rights
movement and they put out a racist publication called "Louisiana
Intelligence Digest" which maintained that the black civil-rights movement
was part of the international communist conspiracy. Something that both J. Edgar
Hoover and Arthur Haines, Sr., James Earl Ray's first attorney, were also
advocating at this time and Louis Lomax had developed some contacts in Louisiana
and had been pursuing evidenciary tributaries leading in the direction of
Bannister and company when he was killed in this one-car automobile accident.

A
few days after Malcolm X was killed, one of his top aides in the Organization of
Afro-American Unity, a fellow named Leon 4X Ameer, (by the way, the Xs in the
names of the Nation of Islam, the Black Muslims, as they are popularly referred
to, that reference, and you will see, you know, John 23X, Louis 14X, and so
forth. When an African-American joined the organization, he traditionally
retained his first name, X was put, basically, in place of his last name to
indicate that this was a slave name and that at some point, he had a different
name, but that this had become lost to history and depending on when you joined
the organization, that determined the number before your "X".

For
example, if you were the fifth member of the Nation of Islam named John, you
were John 5X. If you were the 14th named Louis, you were Louis 14X, etc. That is
what those Xs refer to).

But one of Malcolm's top aides, Leon 4XAmeer, went to
the FBI, about, I think it was ten days after Malcolm was killed, and indicated
that he felt that there were elements not only within the Nation of Islam
proper, but within the US government that were behind Malcolm's assassination.

He then was found dead, himself, a few days later at the age of 32 in his
apartment in Boston. Initially, they said it was suicide, then they changed that
to a drug overdose, but the final disposition of the case was that he died of
natural causes, despite the fact that he was in good health at the age of 32. It
is worth noting that Ameer took his wife and child and relocated them from
Boston prior to his death, because he felt that his life was in danger and he
did not want his wife and child to die if and when the assassins came for him.

That is still the official version of the death of Leon Ameer, namely, natural
causes at the age of 32 within ten days of (actually it was about a week) having
visited the FBI and voiced his suspicions about U.S. governmental involvement in
the assassination of Malcolm X.

It is worth noting that the Socialist Workers
Party, elements of which had been very close to the Nation of Islam, were also
the targets of COINTELPRO disruption at this time, and that freedom of
information act documents that have been declassified in the interim, have
revealed that in no uncertain terms, the friction that grew between the
Socialist Workers Party and the Nation of Islam, and in particular, the
Organization of Afro-American Unity, were as the result of agitation by the FBI.

James Chabaz (sp), who was Malcolm X's successor, in the Organization of
Afro-American Unity, was himself assassinated a few years after Malcolm X.

And
it is worth noting that one of Elijah Muhammed's sons was arrested and convicted
on a drug charge. This officially discredited him and for a period of time, the
most powerful man in the Nation of Islam became John Ali, who was, again, a
documented FBI informant.

It is also worth noting that John Ali was around many
of the areas where Malcolm X was prior to his assassination. Malcolm was going
to disembark, for example, at the Los Angeles airport. Some of his security
people noted that John Ali was present when Malcolm X was going to land at the
Los Angeles airport. Because of his stated hostility to Malcolm X, this was
after Malcolm's break with Elijah Muhammed, the plane of Malcolm X was rerouted
to another terminal and law enforcement was alerted.

Again, John Ali was
physically present at this what appears to have been a dress rehearsal for
Malcolm X's assassination. Oh, another detail that I forgot, concerning the
circumstances of Malcolm's death, the Audubon Ballroom where he was killed, is
directly across the street from Columbia Presbyterian Hospital in New York City,
one of the finest medical institutions in the city. The hospital was called and
they were asked to rush medical assistance over to Malcolm X, who was only
across the street and no medical assistance was forthcoming. It took a long time
and finally, Malcolm's aides got a stretcher from the hospital and put him on it
and carried him over to the hospital. But that is again among the strange
circumstances surrounding his assassination, was that for some reason, the
people at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital were unable to dispatch an emergency
unit across the street. It was so bad that his aides went across the street, got
a stretcher, and wheeled him across the street to the hospital. The hospital
proffered no assistance whatsoever.

Now again, after one of Elijah Muhammed's
sons was arrested and convicted on a drug charge, John Ali, documented FBI
informant, became the most powerful member of the Nation of Islam.

Eventually
the organization was taken over by Wallace Muhammed, another of Elijah
Muhammed's sons, who promptly undertook to reform the organization along the
lines that Malcolm X, himself, had advocated.

In the first place, Wallace
Muhammed lifted the edict against black-white political cooperation, one of the
main sources of the break between Malcolm and Elijah Muhammed. He, that is to
say, Wallace Muhammed, also changed the ideology and the theology of the Nation
of Islam. One of the aspects of the Nation of Islam's philosophy or political
viewpoint, which had also alienated Malcolm X, was the explicit doctrine of the
Nation of Islam that the white race was created by a mad scientist named Yakob
(sp). That was an official element of their doctrine. That obviously worked to
the disadvantage of black people and actually worked to the advantage of people
like the Aryan Nations, part of whose racist ideology is that black people are
genetically and intellectually inferior to white people.

The tenet of the Nation
of Islam that the white race was created by a mad scientist named Yakob (sp), in
my opinion, was very much to the liking of people like Robert Miles and Tom
Metzger and George Lincoln Rockwell and H.L. Hunt, because it would tend to
discredit black people intellectually.

That was one of the things that Wallace
Muhammed dispensed of when he took over the leadership of the Nation of Islam.
And no sooner did Wallace Muhammed put these reforms into effect than Lewis
Farakhan, as he was calling himself then, formally Lewis X, head of the Boston
Mosque of the Nation of Islam, who had publicly called for Malcolm X's death
as a result of his hostility or his opposition to Elijah Muhammed, who
eventually succeeded Malcolm X as the head of Mosque Seven, who was reportedly
in the Newark, New Jersey mosque at the time of Malcolm's assassination.

At
least one of the convicted assassins has stated that the assassination of
Malcolm was planned at the Newark mosque and some of the people convicted were
security people from the Newark mosque.

Lewis Farakhan broke away from Wallace
Muhammed and set up his own organization, the Nation of Islam, which he is the
head of to this day.

He then reinstated the prohibition on black-white political
cooperation, which was one of the things Malcolm X broke with Elijah Muhammed
over, he reinstated the preposterous tenet that the white race was created by in
a laboratory by a mad scientist named Yakob (sp), another of the things that
Malcolm X opposed. And apparently, the opposition on the part of Farakhan and
his organization to black-white political cooperation did not apply to
cooperation between himself and his organization and a doctrinaire white
supremacist like Tom Metzger and Robert Miles. Make of that what you will.

We
will talk about Jesse Jackson in a couple of minutes, but it is worth noting too
that Lewis Farakhan has been very active in promoting dissension in the
progressive political community.

He has achieved a lot of publicity in
connection with some of his statements about Jews and Judaism. Traditionally,
blacks and Jews have been two of the pillars of the progressive political
community in the United States. There is now a great deal of friction between
them, although some of that undoubtedly applies to Israeli support for, or is
justified by and stems from, Israeli support for South Africa.

At the same time,
I suspect that a lot of that is being actively promoted by the forces of
reaction in this country, who would like nothing better than to see blacks and
Jews going after one another, because divide and conquer is an old, tried and
true tactic.

It is worth noting, too, just as there are questions concerning
Lewis Farakhan and his succession of Malcolm X, and it is interesting that it
was not Wallace Muhammed who revised the Nation of Islam, and reformed it along
the lines advocated by Malcolm X, but it is Lewis Farakhan, who again called for
the Malcolm X's death, and who then broke from Wallace Muhammed when he put into
effect reforms advocated my Malcolm, he is now the individual who wears Malcolm
X's mantle.

He also is an individual who has been actively collaborating with
some of the white-supremacist elements that Malcolm had devoted his life to
working against.

There are similar question about Jesse Jackson and the
assassination of Martin Luther King as well. Jesse Jackson drew a lot of fire,
or a lot of flak, I should say. I should watch my use of words under the
circumstances, but Jesse Jackson drew a lot of flak from the people surrounding
Martin Luther King for his behavior around the time of Martin Luther King's
assassination.

It is a matter of public record that Martin Luther King was at
least considering breaking with Jesse Jackson. Martin made a number of
statements to some of his aides that "he felt it was time for him to make
his mark and Jesse to make his own mark" then when Martin Luther King was
assassinated, Jesse Jackson showed up at a press conference shortly afterward
with a bloodied shirt and claimed that he had cradled the dying Dr. King's head
and this was one of the things that boosted Jesse into the public eye.

Many of
Martin's close associates were outraged over what they viewed as
self-aggrandizement and exploitation of Martin's death by Jesse Jackson and they
claim that, in fact, Jesse Jackson was not cradling the dying Dr. King's head at
all.

Later, after years of hostility between people like Coretta King, who as
late as 1984, was unwilling to endorse Jesse Jackson for president, Jesse
admitted this on the Phil Donahue show, on a national television audience, that
he had been lying for 20 years about his behavior vis-a-vis the assassination of
Martin Luther King.

I had always wondered how Jesse Jackson got that bloodied
shirt, because if he was not cradling King's head, and he later eventually
admitted that he had been lying about that, where did he get the bloody shirt?
It indicates at least the possibility of foreknowledge.

The question is whose
blood or the blood of what was on that shirt and where did Jesse get it? Now, on
the Phil Donahue show, Jesse admitted that he had been lying, that he had not
actually cradled the dying Dr. King's head, but he said there was so much blood
where Dr. King fell that this was how he got the blood on his shirt. Well, there
was certainly a lot of blood on the ground where Dr. King was lying. There also
would have been some blood on the back wall where the round penetrated Dr.
King's head, but there would not have blood all over the apartment and again one
wonders how Jesse Jackson came up with that bloody shirt.

Beyond that,
regardless of how he actually came up with the shirt, the fact that he would lie
for twenty years about his behavior vis- a-vis the assassination of the man
whose mantle he now wears, and you take a look at anything that comes up in the
news concerning black people in this country or just about anyplace else in the
world, and you see how long it takes for Jesse Jackson to appear in the camera.

Jesse is a real good guy at garnering publicity. He is almost ubiquitous, but
the fact that Jesse would lie for twenty years, to me, disqualifies him as any
kind of political leader.

Beyond that, and even more alarmingly, aside from the
fact that he admitted that he lied about cradling King's head, shortly after
George Bush was elected in 1988, after having run his campaign along explicitly
racist lines with the Willy Horton ploy, Jesse and George Bush gave a press
conference in which they agreed to, George challenged him, he said we've worked
together on a number of policy issues in the past and he challenged Jesse to
deny that and Jesse did not deny it then both Jesse and George Bush stated that
they felt that James Earl Ray should not be paroled.

Well, Jesse has been quite
vocal in other contexts about hardly his opinion that there was more to the
assassination of Martin Luther King than just some lone racist, and yet he at a
press conference with George Bush, former director of the CIA and
president-elect, he stated that he was opposed to releasing James Earl Ray.

That
also raises some very, very serious questions about Jesse Jackson. Jesse also
has made some comments which have tended to promote friction between the black
and Jewish communities in this country. Whatever Jesse's intention, that
certainly works to the benefit of the forces of reaction.

It should be noted
that when a coup d'etat is staged, in the viewpoint of the coup plotters, it is
not only necessary to destroy the target, but to replace the target with a
substitute whose political interests are at one with one's own.

Now in this
case, in this context I should say, we can view the assassinations of both
Malcolm X and Martin Luther King as, in effect, a coup d'etat. In effect, a blow
at a nation within a nation, namely the black community in the United States,
and with such a coup having apparently been executed, it would have been
essential to replace the two target individuals, namely Martin Luther King and
Malcolm X, with individuals whose viewpoints and activities would be suitable to
the people who had staged the coup.

Although we do not have definitive
information, and I do not mean the things that I am saying to be viewed as
definitive about either Jesse Jackson or Lewis Farakhan, at the same time, there
are enough questions about the activities of both men to lead to a serious
investigation as to whether or not Lewis Farakhan was perhaps designated as the
LBJ to Malcolm X's JFK and that Jesse Jackson may very well have been tabbed as
a similar successor to Martin Luther King as well.

There is an odd postscript to
the assassinations of both Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. A few days, in fact
four days, after Malcolm X was assassinated, that was February 21st, 1965, there
was an abortive attempt to assassinate Martin Luther King as well.

Martin Luther
King was attending a movie in Los Angeles and police received a tip and they
discovered a large dynamite bomb at the theater, which had it gone off, would
have certainly killed Dr. King and virtually anyone else in that theater.
Eventually an American neo-Nazi named Keith Gilbert, was convicted of this
assassination attempt on Martin Luther King. Gilbert maintained that while in
prison, he was receiving support from very powerful forces.

It later came to
light that he was receiving money and that the individual he was receiving money
from was a fellow named Loren Eugene Hall, himself a paramilitary white
right-winger and white-supremacist who had been one of the main informants for
then Reagan legal-counselor Edwin Meese concerning the case of Edgar Eugene
Bradley.

Edgar Eugene Bradley was sought by Jim Garrison in New Orleans in
connection with the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Edgar Eugene Bradley was a
resident of the state of California. Garrison filed an extradition request, then
deputy state attorney general Charles A. O'Brien (sp) reviewed the Garrison
extradition request, recommended that it be granted.

Activity on the Garrison
extradition request for Bradley was delayed by then-governor Reagan until after
Richard Nixon was elected president and then was turned down without comment.
The Edgar Eugene Bradley extradition request was handled for Reagan by then
Reagan legal advisor, legal counsellor Edwin A. Meese, who later, of course,
became attorney general of the United States and who also was a highly ranked
intelligence officer with the Army reserve, both then and now.

The guy who Ed
Meese dealt with primarily was a former CIA operative in connection with the
anti-Castro Cuban activities and a white-supremacist named Loren Eugene Hall,
who in 1989 incidentally, was indicted for running a methamphetamine ring in
Oklahoma.

His son, Loren, Jr., who was also indicted and named in the
indictment, stated at a press conference that the entire methamphetamine ring
was being used to channel funding to the contras. That, by the way, from the
Dallas Morning News of September 13th of 1989.

It was this guy who was providing
financial support to Keith Gilbert while he was in prison for having placed this
huge dynamite bomb in an L.A. theater four days after Malcolm X was assassinated
in New York.

Now Keith Gilbert eventually became one of the top lieutenants for
Richard Gernt (sp) Butler, the head of the Aryan Nations compound at Hayden
Lake, Idaho.

Later Keith Gilbert broke with Butler and established his own
compound a few miles down the road. Interesting enough, Keith Gilbert was linked
to a fellow named Michael Wayne.

Michael Wayne's name came up in connection with
the assassination of Robert Kennedy in Los Angeles. A Michael Wayne was known to
have been at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, asking what route senator
Kennedy was going to take to exit from his press conference.

Michael Wayne was
also a very, very close, not a double, but he resembled very closely Sirhan
Sirhan, the patsy in the Robert Kennedy assassination.

The individual generally
cited by most investigators as actually having pulled the trigger on Robert
Kennedy was a white supremacist named Thane Eugene Caesar who worked for
Lockheed's Burbank facility, and specifically worked in the top secret area
associated with the CIA's U-2 project.

Oswald also was affiliated with the U-2.
Caesar was working as a security guard for a security service in the Ambassador
Hotel the night of the shooting. He was a documented white-supremacist and,
again, he worked in the Lockheed Burbank facility and another engineer in
Lockheed Burbank was Richard Gernt Butler, one of whose top lieutenants was
Keith Gilbert, whose name was linked in L.A.P.D. files to Michael Wayne, a
Sirhan double, who was in the Ambassador Hotel.

And again, it was Keith Gilbert
who was convicted of this attempt on the life of Martin Luther King four days
after Malcolm was killed. Not that that necessarily proves anything, but when
you take those coincidences in combination with the enormous number of
evidenciary tributaries linking various aspects of our assassinations and
political assassinations, it is pretty clear that this is more than just
coincidence, and I personally have always felt that the Keith Gilbert-Richard
Gernt Butler-Thane Eugene Caesar, Malcolm X assassination-Martin Luther King
assassination-Robert Kennedy assassination link has never been properly
investigated.

It is also worth noting that the people who brought the Sirhan
family into the United States were college friends and political associates of
Richard Nixon, who was a prime beneficiary of the assassination of Robert
Kennedy and the director for security for Richard Nixon's 1968 campaign was a
fellow named James Golden, who was on leave from his position as director of
security for the Lockheed Corporation, at which Thane Eugene Caesar was
employed.

And again, that does not prove anything either, but when you examine
this country's political assassinations, be it the assassinations of the Kennedy's or Martin Luther King, or Malcolm X, Incidentally there is an echo
which comes forward right to this day.

One of the main civil rights leaders of
the early '60s, Medgar Evers (sp) the field secretary for the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People, he was assassinated in 1963,
a few months before Kennedy was assassinated.

A white-supremacist named Byron de
La Beckwith (sp) has been indicted for his assassination and is going to stand
trial. He has been able to wiggle out of this so far. When Byron de La Beckwith
was seeking to avoid indictment for the assassination of Medgar Evers, much of
his political support came from former Major General Edwin Walker.

Edwin Walker
had been a divisional commander in Germany and was replaced by John Kennedy
because Edwin Walker was violating Army regulations by obliging his troops to
study the "Blue Book" of the John Birch Society. It is a violation of
U.S. military regulations to force your troops to study political doctrine.

Edwin Walker was fired by John Kennedy. He then came to the Dallas-Ft. Worth
area where he became a protégé of H.L. Hunt and in the fifth volume of the 26
volumes of Warren Commission testimony and exhibits, it is revealed, or it is
documented that, Edwin Walker's John Birch Society cell was used as a vehicle
for bringing military intelligence agents over from Munich, Germany to operate
at the field level in the assassination of John Kennedy.

It is also worth
noting, too, that one of the things cited by the Warren Commission to prove that
Lee Harvey Oswald was not a politically-motivated assassin, (he wasn't an
assassin at all, he was a patsy) but the Warren Commission stated that Lee
Harvey Oswald had previously tried to assassinate Major General Edwin Walker,
who was an ultra-right winger.

Therefore, since he tried to shoot a right-winger
and he wound up shooting a liberal, he was not politically motivated. This
information first surfaced, according to the Warren Commission investigation or
cover-up, on December 3rd 1963, when Marina Oswald revealed this to the FBI
during an interrogation.

The FBI then notified the Warren Commission. However,
this does not explain why on November 29, 1963, a Nazi newspaper in Munich,
Germany, named the Deutsche Soldaten Zeitung, published by a guy named Gerhard
Frey (sp), still active on the German Nazi scene, and having a number of
highly-ranked SS officers and former officials from Goebbels' propaganda ministry
on its editorial staff, that newspaper revealed the information that Oswald had
shot at Walker on November 29, 1963, based on an interview with Edwin Walker,
that Edwin Walker gave by telephone to Gerhard Frey on November 23, 1963 which
was a full eleven days before Marina Oswald supposedly revealed that to the
world.

Now, you do not have to be Columbo or Sherlock Holmes to figure out that
that throws serious doubt on the validity of the Warren Commission's
investigation, but that is just one of many evidenciary tributaries leading
between our various assassinations and attempted assassinations.

That does not
mean that, yes, Major General Edwin Walker and the Hunt organization were
connected to Byron de La Beckwith and the assassination of Medgar Evers, yet at
the same time when we see so many of the same elements and the same names
cropping up in connection with our political assassinations, supposedly
unconnected, and supposedly not having any serious political ramifications, I
think we are in a position to stand back and take a look at these killings and
to view them in much the same light as the assassination program conducted in
Germany in the 1920s, long before the world became familiar with the name of
Adolph Hitler, long before National Socialism took over in Germany and helped
plunge the world into war, that there were a series, as I said, of
assassinations conducted in Germany which paved the way for the rise of fascism
in that country.

But in addition to the leaders of the German revolution, such
as Karl Liebknecht (sp) and Rosa Luxembourg (sp), doctrinaire communists
themselves, democratic leaders ranging from Kurt Eisler (sp), Karl Guirise (sp),
Gustav Landauer (sp), Walter von Rathenau (sp), these are names that history has
not remembered and they should have.

As we look at our assassinations and our
attempted assassinations, I think it is important that we clear away the
obfuscation, that we learn to see the forest despite the trees that have been
placed in our way, because in my opinion, and I think the evidence argues very
strongly in that regard, we here in the United States went through a similar
historical event to the assassination programs in Germany and Japan that paved
the way for the rise of fascism in those countries. And, if we do not recognize
the facts concerning our own history and understand what happened and why it
happened, we ourselves are going to ultimately face results as devastating as
what eventually stemmed from the assassination programs in those countries as
well. That basically concludes the main body of the lecture this evening.

TAPE
TWO-SIDE TWO

Question and Answer Period

Q: In January there was a talk by
Socialist Action in San Francisco on the assassination of Malcolm X and two
eyewitnesses spoke and they made some very dramatic points which you did not
mention. One being that every time Malcolm X spoke, usually there were twenty
policemen around, and the day of the murder or assassination, there weren't any,
or maybe there was one or two token.

The other point that they made was in the
actual, immediately after the assassination, the crowd captured the two guys,
the one that was wounded and another one, and the one that was wounded was
documented, etc., but the other one, the police got him and he never showed up
in jail. He was never booked or anything like that. And they also went into the
cover-up and in the cover-up, the three guys who were on trial said they were
part of the Black Muslims. Even at the trial, they testified that there were
five people. That was one of the things that was completely covered up by the
prosecution, etc., in the official story, and I was just wondering did that
escape your notice?

A: I have heard that. I do not recall seeing that in any
printed sources. I am not casting aspersions on what they were saying. I recall
hearing that in discussions with other researchers. I, myself, have not read
that, that I can recall. It should be noted I don't present either of these
discussions as having all of the information about the assassinations of King or
Malcolm X. There are other things to go into. With Martin Luther King, for
example, I haven't talked about James Earl Ray's flight, which was one of the
very interesting things, aspects of it. Ray was able to successfully elude an
international manhunt in which he utilized evasion techniques which appear to be
far more sophisticated than what he had been able to do.

As I say, he previously
couldn't knock over a liquor store in Missouri without getting apprehended, and
yet he was able to elude an international manhunt, in which among other things,
he used fake id using the names of real people who were deceased, all of whom
lived within a short distance of each other in Canadian cities and who bore a
physical resemblance to James Earl Ray.

That is a very sophisticated technique
usually used by intelligence agencies alone because they are the only ones that
have the resources, or somebody with considerably resources. James Earl Ray
utilized those techniques. That strongly suggests that he was being aided in
doing that. There are other aspects, to both assassinations, that I have not
covered. I am trying to give people a basic grasp of what happened with each and
also relating them to the political directions being undertaken by both men and
the political environment in which they existed at the time. Namely the Civil
Rights movement, the anti-Vietnam-War movement, and in particular to indicate
the forces that killed them and how they relate to what we face today.

Q: Also,
I have been in contact with the political prisoners in the United States. There
is still a large number who were put behind bars by the COINTELPRO efforts and
they are still rotting in prison and, you know, there is dire action needed on
the public's part to try to help them get out and receive justice. So if anyone
wants any information on that, they can contact me.

A: Alrighty. Thanks for your
contribution.

Q: Okay. I've got a couple of, I want your opinion on a couple of
things. Recently, on the line of assassinations, the CIA killings in the
morning, the people going to work in the CIA, gunned down by a supposedly
Pakistani with an AK-47. Also, the day before the trials beginning in Los
Angeles, two police officers were shot, apparently in the head, before they
could take their weapons out, smacks of some type of assassination, and also, in
the paper there has been reported a theft of a large number of handguns from Los
Angeles, attributed probably to gangs, but I think it amounted to like 5000
handguns turned up missing in Los Angeles.

A: That's a lot of guns. It may be
the city of Angels if those things get, would be used.

Q: It all smacks of some
type of indication of some provocation on whoever's part. If you know anything
about that, any comments.

A: No, I am aware of all the things you talk about
except not the handguns missing. That I have not come across. Now I think there
are a lot of things we have to watch out for. You can't say for sure, yes, this
is part of a program of provocation. At the same time, though, the things you
have talked about are symptomatic of a program of provocation and there are some
pretty firm historical indications, not only that the LAPD, or elements thereof,
have worked with the intelligence community in the past on provocations and
specifically vis-a-vis the Afro-American community in Los Angeles.

But, there
are some very serious questions about the rioting in Los Angeles. In weeks to
come, I am going to be talking about that history and in particular the
disclosures or at least statements made by a guy named Frederick Salani (sp),
who was the defense counsel for Damion Williams, who has been on trial now in
the Denny beating case, and Salani claims, I don't know how accurate his claims
are, he claims that his organization, it was something like the Center for
Constitutional Law, or something, I have forgotten its name off the top of my
head, but that it was basically an intelligence front that Damion Williams'
confession was obtained by drugging him and getting him to confess and also
Salani claimed that the rioting in Los Angeles was started by government agents,
which some eyewitnesses have stated, in fact.

I warned, in a live talk on KPFK,
there's a guy at KPFK, the Pacifica station in Los Angeles, who airs my program
on late night during the week and I do a live talk down there via phone hookup
the first Wednesday of each month, and when the officers were indicted, I warned
about the possibility of a generated disturbance because the LAPD does have a
history of doing that kind of thing. With the tensions in the community down
there as ripe as they were for that kind of explosion, I've just felt that the
situation was ripe for exploitation and it would have worked very nicely to the
benefit of George Bush and also could have been used as the pretext for
beginning to establish martial law.

And then eventually, courtesy of Harry
Martin, who first revealed the information on "One Step Beyond", I now
have it confirmed from two published sources. One of them, by the way, an
article in the January, 1993 issue of *The Atlantic*, the orders issued to the
military and to the National Guard in the Los Angeles disturbances were marked
"Garden Plot" and it was operation "Garden Plot/Cable Splicer"
which in the 1960s and '70s provided for the coordination of the military, the
civilian and military intelligencies, and state and local law enforcement to
combat both the antiwar movement and the civil rights and black power movement,
and it was while working on operation "Cable Splicer and Garden Plot"
that Lewis Euphreda (sp) and Frank Salcedo (sp), then working for the California
Specialized Training Institute in San Luis Obispo, developed the contingency
plans which became the seed for the Rex '84 Operation Night Train Martial Law
Contingency Plan.

And that was based on a contingency plan to round up upwards
of twenty million black Americans and put them in "detention centers"
in the event of a disturbance by "black militants", which LAPD
intelligence community were perfectly capable of producing, so I do think we
have to be very careful about another explosion in Los Angeles and it would not
surprise me if the authorities would like to trigger something like that.

I see
a lot of very dangerous signs in connection with what is happening with Bill
Clinton. The authorities in this country don't like him and I think some fairly
direct signals are being sent to Clinton that if he doesn't basically stay the
course vis-a-vis national security matters, then he could be disposed of.

I was
very disturbed by the bombing yesterday in New York and there are a number of
other things that I think bode very poorly for the future so I share your
concern and I think it is important that you noted those things. And certainly,
police with two officers having been killed, there is nothing that sets off a
cop like another cop getting killed, which I can understand.

I have some friends
in law enforcement and it is an embattlement almost like being in the military.
It is very much an "us and them" mentality and when another officer
gets killed, there is nothing that sets off police sentiments, and there is also
a very strong white-supremacist presence in the LAPD. A lot of Nazi and Klan
organizations penetrated LAPD and there are elements of the LAPD that work with
the intelligence community, so we've got to be careful and I don't know if we
can...inaudible....

Q: Inaudible.....

A: Yeah, there are a number of things that
I am going to be discussing in weeks to come. I would note also that the
attorney general, well let's just say the justice department, which under George
Bush, was headed up by William Barr (sp), a "ex" CIA operative who had
left the CIA in early '77 when Jimmy Carter was conducting a house cleaning
with, among others, George Bush, he headed up the justice department and the
justice department released a prosecution memo to the officers defense counsel,
which is strange behavior. I would also note that William Barr, after retiring
from Justice went to work for the law firm representing Earl Bryan (sp), one of
the people implicated by many in both October Surprise and the Inslaw case, so a
strange situation.

Q: Yeah, I was wondering if you could comment on the
programming you mentioned Purdy, the programming techniques used for setting up
patsies like Oswald and the way that they coincided with, say, the setting up of
Van der Lubbe (sp) with the Reichstag and how that pertains to the Nazi
intelligence agencies being absorbed into the CIA after World War II.

A: Yeah,
as far as actual mind control, that has been developed by a number of
intelligence services and it was under development during World War II by
others. It's never been clear whether Lee Harvey Oswald was programmed in any
way. He didn't kill president Kennedy. There have been allegations that he was
programmed. I cannot either confirm those or deny them. There is some discussion
of that in Radio Free America #5.

Patrick Edward Purdy, on the other hand, does
appear to have been programmed. We can't say for sure, but the circumstances
surrounding his activities before and immediately prior to, just before the
shooting, suggest he may have been a mind control patsy. He did too much
travelling and bought too many things for the resources available to him and he
looks to me like he probably was. With regard to the incorporation of much of
The Third Reich's intelligence system into this country at the end of the war,
that helps to promote the use by the U.S. of what I would call the Scorzeni (sp)
methodology in which a small incident involving a relatively small number of
people can be manipulated strategically to produce a result that normally would
have been achievable only with a commitment of a large number of resources.

Yesterday's bombing, for example, at the World Trade Center, whatever it turns
out to be, I suspect that it was a provocation, and I suspect elements
associated with the Eustaze (sp) as having been involved. But if you look at the
actual number of people that were involved, it was relatively small, what, five,
maybe seven people were killed and a couple of hundred injured, and yet that
incident has absolutely transfixed the attention of this entire country and yet
it really only involved a small number of people. That is in Radio Free America
#22, which I recently replayed by way of providing some background material to
RFA #38 that I am doing now.

The Scorzeni methodology, the influence of SS
Colonel Otto Scorzeni on the development of world terrorism, both in terms of
methodology and in terms of operational connections was discussed and in my
opinion, the archetypal incident, the seminal incident for generating the
methodology of modern terrorism was the capture of Miki Horte (sp) during the
closing stages of World War II.

Miki Horte was the playboy son of Hungarian
head-of-state Admiral Nicholas Horte. Hungary was one of Germany's wartime
allies and was the last of Germany's allies to desert it, other than Japan, and
the Horte government was conducting secret negotiations with the Soviet Union
and basically the Hungarian troops were getting sick and tired of being
chewed-up and they wanted to switch sides and then turn against the Nazis.

This
obviously would have collapsed the Nazi front, the Third Reich front. So what
Scorzeni did was, he kidnapped Admiral Horte's son and held him for ransom, and
only when Horte broke off negotiations with the Soviets was Miki Horte released.
Only a very small number of people were involved as combatants. A few Hungarians
and a few Nazis were killed and the kidnapped son was held and ultimately
released and through this one incident, though, Scorzeni was able to keep
Hungary in the war on Germany's side to the very end, until Soviet troops
completely overran the country.

That in many ways was the seminal incident, the
methodological archetype for modern terrorism where we see a relatively small
number of individuals being killed or kidnapped or whatever and yet the
attentions of an entire nation or the entire world can be transfixed by such an
incident, yet the actual number of people involved and the commitment of
resources was relatively modest for a relatively large effect.

Q: Very briefly,
yesterday on the Larry King show, Jimmy Breslin of New York City said that it
was foreigners and that it was terrorism. Now, just for the record because
you've said something about the Eustase, I would like you to kind of clarify,
which I suspect, that you would agree that it's very hard to distinguish the
Eustase from the CIA from a number of other organizations, so, when you say
that, make real clear to all of us that it is not necessarily foreigners and
what it might appear to be, some kind of terrorism from abroad.

A: Well, that is
why I said that in my opinion it was a provocation. The Eustase have worked in
conjunction with U.S. intelligence. I talked about that in Radio Free America
#36 and touched on it again in #37. I've talked about it in Radio Free America
show #15 and I am going to be coming back to it, not only in conjunction with
discussion about the World Trade Center bombing which initially Croatian
extremists took credit for but also eventually the assassination of Olaf Palme
which may very well have been connected to a number of things Palme was doing in
opposition to U.S. national security policy, including closing down all of the
Iran-Contra Arms pipelines.

So, I think your comment is well taken in that one
should not use that incident like that to become xenophobic. The Eustase are
able to operate in this country and on behalf of this country only because they
do so with official sanction. One of the keys, vis-a-vis the media handling of
the World Trade Center bombing has been the statements by "terrorist
experts" about how easy something like this is to do. "Why anybody can
just pack a car up with explosives and drive it in and park it".

Yes, it is
real easy to do that but it is not easy to know how to hook up plastic
explosive. The percentage of our population that knows how to rig up a
successful car bomb is relatively small and access to C4 or any plastic
explosive is really difficult. You might be able to get your hands on a stash of
C4, but right after you have taken possession of it, either ATF or FBI or
somebody else is going to swoop down and pick you up. From what I know from my
own contacts, journalistic and professionals in the intelligence community, it
is really difficult to get hold of plastic explosives. The government monitors
that sort of thing very carefully. You don't just get hold of a carload of
plastic explosive. It is not like bathroom caulking, it's different.

Q: I want
to know if you think it is possible or likely that the current U.S. military
operation in Somalia was developed or conceived as possibly a readiness exercise
in anticipation of future riots in the urban ghetto, especially in the wake of
the riots in L.A.

A: Well, one of the things that I've emphasized over the
years, and I will reiterate it again is that when our national security
establishment decides to move in any given direction, they do so when to make
that move will satisfy a number of different strategic considerations at
different levels.

Now with regard to Somalia, I think there is a distinct
possibility that that may be a preconceived covert operation. Certainly it is in
a strategic part of the world and whatever the political makeup opposed U.S
occupation in Somalia, that occupation is going to have a great deal to do with
determining what happens. You have a country where starvation is rampant, the
people that are going to survive are the people who have access to the food and
we are now in a position to determine that.

It is a matter of public record that
we helped to arm many of the warlords. According to a professional contact in
the intelligence community, we've controlled all of those warlords. U.S.
intelligence has controlled all of those bastards for a long time. I don't
present that as objective fact, that comes from someone who was very reliable in
the past and he said flat out when I asked him, he said "look, we have
controlled all those guys all along." And it is a matter of public record,
in fact I discussed it in Radio Free America #20 and came back to it in #25,
that the Siadberre (sp) government was armed in part by the U.S. intelligence
community, utilizing in part, the Stebom (sp) arms-for drugs ring which figures
in Iran-Contra and in shooting the pope and a number of other things.

Now, we
know that the current U.S. ambassador to Somalia is Robert Oakley, who was one
of the state department collaborators with Oliver North in the Contra support
effort.

I talked about, last week, the infrastructures that grew out of the
vice-president's task force on counter-terrorism. Oakley is one of the main
operatives of that group.

We also know that much of the "missionary"
work that is being done in Somalia is being done by World Vision and that World
Vision has served as a vehicle for U.S. intelligence activities in the past both
in Central America and Southeast Asia. Whether or not it is doing so in Somalia
is anybody's guess, however, certainly a possibility that I think has to be
seriously considered, I would also note that U.S. oil companies have secured the
rights to what are apparently considerable petroleum reserves in Somalia and
that in fact, I believe that one of Conoco's buildings has actually served as
the operational headquarters for coordinating the U.S. military effort there.

And I would also note, too, that as you pointed out, first of all it should be
stated that the Somalia mission is tremendous PR for the military which now has
to justify its large budgets in the post-cold war period and to present itself
as a world-peace keeper and civic organization and in fact this is tremendous PR
for the post-cold war military.

I would also note that enlistments soared as a
result of the Somalia mission. But, hell, you're a young dude, what do you want
to do, you want to join the military, see the world, you want to have all kinds
of people hail you as some sort of saviour. It is a 19-year-old male's fantasy
to be seen as a knight in shining armor. It's great.

It's also doing really
nicely in helping to forestall post-cold war budget cuts for the military. I
would also note that it is, as you very perceptively pointed out, whether or not
it was intended this way, to give the military practice in helping to keep in
line civilian population.

And also, I would note whether or not there is any
connection, I have noted a similarity in the way the Somalia situation has been
portrayed in the media and the way the situation in many or our inner cities is
being portrayed.

In other words, there was a lot of publicity about this drug
called khat which apparently is a narcotic that is widely used in Somalia and
khat is being blamed for much of the country's problems and apparently the flow
of this drug is being regulated in part by the warlords that are also in control
of things. And I have noted a similarity in the portrayal of the warlords khat-crazed,
khat-dealing, warlords, armed to the teeth, these gangs of rowdy, radical,
uncontrollable people, basically a sort of anarchy, an armed, drug-crazed
anarchy that prevails in Somalia and of the media handling of much of the
inner-city areas too, where crack cocaine-crazed, you know, armed to the teeth,
gangs are portrayed as being in possession of our inner cities and I can see
very easily how in the minds of the average "cracker" American, a
connection could be made between what we are doing in Somalia and "by God,
what we got to do there in Los Angeles, get troops in there, kick a little ass
and teach them niggers a lesson they are never going to forget".

I am not
trying to offend anybody, but let's face it, a lot of people in this country
think that way and I can very easily see Joe and Jane SixPack making that sort
of an equation by watching what is going on in Somalia. "By God, we handle
the niggers over there, we will handle the niggers here too". Seriously,
that is the way a lot of people in this country think.

Q: As we sit there and
watch all this stuff roll out before our eyes, if you could look into your
picture of it, where do you think we go from here and what is it going to look
like in the next six years?

A: It is going to get worse, I think, much worse.
You know, as far as where we are going now, I am afraid that the Clinton
administration is simply a hiatus, it's a respite.

I think Clinton is already
being handed signs of destabilization and unless people recognize the lessons of
history, he is going to be destabilized. I seriously wonder about what sorts of
signals might be being sent behind the scenes to Clinton. I mean, here, the area
that the Secret Service used to store its vehicles has just been utilized to
plant a major bomb. Who knows what was behind that.

I've noted too, and I have
more questions than answers about a lot of things, but I noted that in the
1980s, there was a lot of discussion about a proposal about gene splicing, an
experiment in which e-coli, the bacterium that is implicated in this food
poisoning in the Jack-in- the-Box restaurant, there was a genetic engineering
experiment in which the gene which produced diphtheria toxin was going to be
introduced into e-coli.

There was a tremendous uproar over this because e-coli
is the most omnipresent microorganism in the world. Every human, in fact
virtually every mammal has large, copious quantities of e-coli in their
intestines. It is all throughout the sewer system and if a genetically
engineered variation of e-coli, featuring the diphtheria genes were unleashed
into the population, this could produce havoc.

There may be no connection
whatsoever, but I noted that recently in this Jack-in-the-Box poisoning with e-
coli that was implicated. And I noted that whatever this was, it was different
than the usual food poisoning. I have worked in the restaurant business as a manager, a
cook, a waiter, and food poisoning isn't contagious and some of these kids
contracted this disease from other people who had eaten at the restaurants.

And
just stop and think for a minute what well-known political figure generates a
lot of publicity in recent weeks over his trips to fast food restaurants. I
wonder whether they may be sending a message to Bill Clinton. I note that in the
summer of 1979, Jimmy Carter was considering a complete revamp of his
administration and a complete readjustment of his policy and he made some public
statements to the effect that he thought there was a conspiracy behind the
assassination of president Kennedy.

One thing I really noted, it got very little
publicity, but he said "We are going to have to go all the way back to the
assassination of president Kennedy to get this country right." That was an
extraordinary thing for a seated president to say. No sooner was Jimmy Carter
doing that than in May, it actually began before the summer of 1979, but on a
trip to Los Angeles there was an aborted attempt on Jimmy Carter's life.

Two
gunmen that had come up from Mexico, named Ray Lee Harvey and Oswaldo Ortiz, in
other words, Ray as in James Earl Ray and Lee Harvey as in Lee Harvey Oswald and
Oswaldo Ortiz were arrested for stalking Jimmy Carter with a rifle. They just
seem to have disappeared. There was no follow-up on the prosecution or anything
like that. I suspect that a message was being sent to Jimmy Carter, and I
wonder, and I am not saying this is the case, but among the questions I have, I
never..the e-coli outbreak at Jack-in-the-Box.

I just wonder if Bill Clinton
might be getting told something today. "Listen Bill, you know, lot of kids
eat at fast-food restaurants and if you don't want anything to happen to
Chelsea, you know, or something to happen to Hillary, or something to happen to
you, you better shape up.

And it may be that all he has to do is avoid
prosecuting the numerous scandals or avoid investigation of numerous scandals.
But I am concerned about what I see. I also look at the juxtaposition of
articles in the newspaper talking about Bill Clinton as the next Jimmy Carter.
One Sunday edition of the Mercury, there was a big article talking about already
it looks like Clinton is going to be the next Jimmy Carter, which is what I
said, by the way, the week after Clinton got elected.

Somebody accused me of
fatalism, but right next to that, the Secret Service is really worried about how
folksy Bill Clinton is and how he is really exposing himself to assassination by
another one of our lone nuts. The two were juxtaposed. I didn't like the
juxtaposition of those articles.

Again, I am not saying this is, these are not
statements I am making, they are questions I am asking. There are an awful lot
of weird things happening and I wonder about the shooting at CIA headquarters.

I
wonder whether messages are being sent to Bill Clinton. Who the hell knows what
he gets told late at night. A White House phone rings and someone says
"Listen, Billy Baby, you see that shooting down at CIA headquarters?, well,
a lot of shooting is going to happen at a lot of headquarters. You just stay the
course, you don't look into this Iran-Contra, or Inslaw, or any of this other
things too closely, or by God, you know, you are going to have an eternal flame
at Arlington Cemetery yourself bucko, so watch your step."

I noted, whether
there is any connection or not, you know Bill Clinton visited, had actually met
JFK when he was a youngster and he visited Kennedy's grave, the eternal flame,
and knelt in silent prayer. I don't know if anybody noted what he brought to the
grave site (a white rose).

George Bush's intelligence nickname was "The
White Rose" and Clinton delivered a white rose to the grave of John F.
Kennedy. I don't know, it might have been just coincidence, there are
coincidences. It may have been somebody was making a statement. It may be that
Clinton had no idea but one of his intelligence people said, "Hey Bill, why
don't you bring this to Kennedy's grave" knowing that it had a larger
significance. May be complete BS, but again those are the things I wonder about,
because I am convinced at this point there is a whole stratum of communication
which the general public doesn't see. You know, these people talk to each other
and I strongly suspect that Bill Clinton has had some cold water splashed in his
face and this may be a component of communication. On the other hand, it may not
be, it may be just coincidence.

Q: I am 36 years old now and I grew up right
here in this town, I served in the Vietnam war in the Marine Corps. My father
was a Navy officer and I look back at all the things that have happened in the
last 25 years and I wonder what the real motivations were and I actually think
it goes before Kennedy. So could you possibly address what you think the
motivations, the real motivations are for this. What has happened to us in the
last 25 years. There has to be more to it than just greed and killing and money
and power. I think there is a bigger picture there.

A: Well, in terms of
answering your question, I can't give you a quick answer in the course of the
discussion this evening because really the answer to that question is the
substance of my whole life's work and in turn I have incorporated the research
of an awful lot of other people over the decades and attempted to display the
spectrum of antifascist research. I am an antifascist researcher. The best that
I could do for you would be to refer you to Radio Free America #37. Hardly a
short answer, but that particular effort, which to date I consider my best piece
of work and most important piece of work, really goes to explain the flow of
history in the 20th century.

That work is already making some waves in a number
of different quarters. But the overall explanation is not a short one or a brief
one. It is something that I have tried to portray in the other archive shows. In
the next few weeks, I am going to be doing a program which is specifically going
to be intended as an introduction or an epilogue to Radio Free America #37, in
which I am going to explain some of the premises that I am operating on and I
hope that will answer your question.

But what I am going to be doing as the main
element of that is to read the speech that Adolph Hitler gave before the
Industry Club of Dusseldorf in 1931. It was that speech that won many of
Germany's top industrialists over to Hitler's side.

There were a number of
reactionary political parties in Weimar Germany. The Nazi party became,
ultimately, the choice of the industrialists for a variety of reasons.

One of
the main ones was that Hitler's speech before the Industry Club of Dusseldorf
won them over, and to make a long story short, that speech basically maintained
that democracy was inherently subversive and equated democracy with communism
because, according to Hitler, if you allowed people political freedom, political
democracy, they would use that to effect a redistribution of wealth, which
Hitler said was counter- evolutionary, not counterrevolutionary, but
counter-evolutionary, because, as Hitler put it, those who enjoy superior
positions in society, wealthy industrialists and financiers, enjoy those
positions because they are themselves superior and they have used their superior
abilities to gain a superior position in society and that is a just situation.

Sort of social Darwinism. He maintained it was subversive to allow democracy
because if you allow democracy to people, they will use their political
democracy to effect a redistribution of wealth and that is counter-evolutionary
because it allows inferior people to gain a superior position in society and, of
course, the top industrialists and financiers ate that up. That was just what
they wanted to hear. That is as close as I could come to giving you an answer to
your question. Yeah, it really is about greed and money and power.

Q: I hope to
hear more from you on Majestic 12 in the future.

A: We are going to be moving in
that direction. That is a UFO disinformation group and we are going to be
talking about the whole UFO question as it relates to a lot of these things.
Political and sociological implications of the UFO phenomenon and the ET myth in
weeks to come.

Q: I take it that you think that "they" are fascist
elements and that they have garnered enough power to be able to call the
president of the United States at night and threaten him?

A: This is one of the
questions that I have. I suspect, yes. I am convinced that they do send
messages. How explicit this is, I can only guess. In other words, I wonder. The
statements that I made, I want to make very clear, as I went into the discussion
of the White Rose, etc., those things, yes I wonder what goes on outside of the
public viewpoint, you know, when someone like Bill Clinton, who really was out
of the loop, so to speak, even though some of the Contra support operation did
happen in Arkansas on his watch, he is clearly not a national security insider
ala George Bush.

When you get a guy like that or a guy like Jimmy Carter, and
Clinton had been backed by the same faction of the national security
establishment that Carter was backed by, but it does not appear to be a
controlling faction. Although one which has sufficient power to frustrate some
of the designs of the dominant elements, which are exclusively fascist.

It is a
question I have again, the facts, you know, where Jimmy Carter says we better go
back to the assassination of president Kennedy and then two lone nuts named Ray
Lee Harvey and Oswald Ortiz show up and the thing that struck me as so unusual
about that was that that case disappeared from the news. I do not know what
happened to those guys, and nobody I know knows what happened to those guys. It
was a big story one or two days and then that was it.

I wonder whether Carter
was being told "listen you stupid jerk, you want to go back to the
assassination of president Kennedy, we will take you back, Cracker, we will take
you all the way back".

Q: I am just curious because I am a new listener to
your radio program and this is the first of your public appearances that I have
been at and if there is such a clear connection between the assassination of
Kennedy and Martin and Malcolm (and Robert Kennedy and the shooting of George
Wallace), then there has to be an equally clear group.

If those incidences are
interrelated and interconnected, there must be one source you are tracing this
back to and so you are saying that there is a fascist element.

A: Yes, and a
dominant one at this point. That is why I talked about the parallels between
what happened in Germany and Japan with the assassination programs of the Black
Reichswehr and the Patriotic Societies and compared that to the assassinations in
the United States.

Q: Just a reminder to people, it seems like every time a
really top-notch black person stands up and become a national figure, they get
undercut. I would remind people that it is not just Malcolm X and it isn't, you
know, Martin Luther King.

We are talking about Barbara Jordan. Something
happened to her and I would sure like to know what it was. You know, she is not
dead, but she is out of the picture.

A: She was very against Robert Bork when he
was being nominated to be Chief Justice.

Q: Barbara Jordan was absolutely
brilliant and she had all the makings of being a really significant world leader
and now she doesn't because of this incident that happened in the swimming pool,
we don't know what it was.

In addition to that, Harold Washington, something
happened to him, something like Phil Burton. You know, we are talking about, I
think, a real plan to make sure that there are no black leaders and, you know,
we need to be aware that every time they stand up, they get undercut or killed
or something happens.

A: Yes, and not just black leaders, but progressive
leaders of all types. In the beginning of the discussion this evening, I talked
about the ones that had been shot to death. There are many other very curious
deaths.

Vernon Jordan, a member of Clinton's transition team, left from his
position as head of the Urban League after being shot and critically wounded by
a white supremacist.

His predecessor, Whitney Young drowned while on a trip to
Africa. There are a lot of very questionable deaths, ones we cannot say
"yes, ipso facto, this is an assassination", but about which that
question should be asked.

I have a lot of questions about the death of Mickey
Leland, the congressman from Texas, who had been very active on behalf of famine
relief in Africa, which did not sit too well with some elements of our national
security establishment. Even more importantly, Mickey Leland was chairman of the
House Postal Oversight committee and had been very vocal in protest over the
awarding of the contract to fly the Express Mail to Evergreen Airlines, which is
a CIA-connected airline which bought out Intermountain Aviation, a CIA-Air
proprietary.

They were awarded the contract to fly the Express Mail despite the
fact that they were not low bidder on the contract. Mickey Leland was outraged
by this and was calling for a congressional investigation of how this happened.
Unfortunately, that investigation never took place because Mickey Leland himself
was express mailed over Ethiopia and died in the crash of a private plane there.
Incidentally, Mickey Leland's death and disappearance were used to conduct the
largest out-of-country search operation that the U.S. military air wings have
ever been engaged in.

At the time, whether or not there is a connection, at the
time, Ethiopia was a Marxist country and obviously as such a target of U.S.
covert operations. Again, bear in mind that when our national security
establishment decides to move in any given direction, they do so when to move in
that direction will scratch a number of different itches at different levels,
simultaneously.

That concludes the prepared portion of this broadcast. Now all
of our archived broadcast shows are on permanent file with a tape duplication
company. The name of that company is Archives on Audio. They are located at P.O.
Box 170023, San Francisco, CA 94117. The phone number is (415) 346-1840. I
should also mention that neither myself nor this station makes any money off of
this announcement. This is FYI. This is Dave Emory (sp) thanking all the
listeners for their contributions and encouraging them to tune in again for the
next broadcast. Until then, take care.

I encourage
distribution of "Conspiracy Nation." If you would
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THE
MURDER OF DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.--Unspoken Details--PART ONE

by Sherman H.
Skolnick

Over a period of more than
four decades, my associates and I have learned a lot about two activities in
particular. About reporters and journalists in the mass media. And about various
movements and persons supposedly promoting equal rights.

Self-taught in Law and legal
research, but not comfortable to become a member of the Bar, I became widely
known in the 1960s. In Illinois, in the federal courts, I brought and won a
whole series of voting cases to re-do malapportioned voting districts. Some
voting districts had 50 per cent more people than other districts, diluting
their vote. Although not an attorney, I was grudgingly allowed to represent the
entire class of aggrieved voters. Because of various court hearings, I was often
for a minute or so on the evening TV local news.

I constantly risked jail for
so-called "contempt of court". Why? I often put the judges' financial
corruption in their faces in Court. I documented, for example, how the Chief
District Judge in one of my numerous voting cases, was an official of a
so-called "foundation" set up as a money laundry by a known hoodlum
and thus, the Chief Judge was subject to blackmail. [The Albert Parvin
Foundation, of which a U.S. Supreme Court Justice, William O. Douglas, was the
President.] When I confronted the Chief Judge in Court, he had two Court
bailiffs suddenly grab my wheelchair and try to turn it upside down. This was
witnessed by 18 news reporters in Court for the voting case. Their stories about
this, if any, never got on the air or in print. My suit against the bailiffs for
assault and battery was torpedoed by the banker-judges in Chicago's federal
appeals court.They alleged in their published ruling [Skolnick vs. Guadagno et
al.] that the Law does not permit damage cases against court personnel.

I became known as "Mr.
One Man, One Vote", a take-off on the slogan for reapportionment. In those
days this type of case required a special three-judge panel in the U.S. District
Court. With such cases, I tied up 24 judges, more than all they had in the
courthouse. The Judges were sore at me. Media types, who I got to know by way of
such cases, seeing I am an independent, surviving on a shoe-string, and not tied
to corporate interests, confided in me. In effect, I became their "Father
Confessor". They knew I would risk jail but would never give out their
identity in their lifetime. They communicated with me on the sly, sometimes at
an out-of-the-way, all night eatery. I found out and fingered: 1. A CBS Network
bigshot with a sideline of illegally selling babies from Europe to couples in
the U.S. who could not have children. 2. An NBC Network Vice-President in the
dope traffic. Hushed up, it was publicly instead blamed onto a lower level
technician who was railroaded into prison as a scapegoat. 3. Hot items reporters
are working on which they know endanger their jobs and their career in the
media. They knew and know, that off-the-record, I will aid them in some way. 4.
The buying and selling ot TV jobs. One TV reporter, with a three-year contract,
said he cannot be fired but was. "I bought my job, it is mine, dammit.
Don't you know of a lawyer that will sue?" He thus protested to me.
Sensitive to his plight, I quietly told him such suits are not allowed, being
against Public Policy. Sort of like a bank robber himself robbed by corrupt
police on the way from the stick-up; he cannot sue for theft. As I found out
from him and others, it is a wide-spread media policy: you have to pay 15 per
cent in front in cash, of the first year's contract. One-third goes to the union
business agent. One-third goes to the "celebrity" lawyer specializing
in arranging such deals. [I fingered six such lawyers in Chicago.] And one-third
of the bribe goes to the station manager or news director. The IRS is well aware
of all this but uses the details as blackmail to get the mass media to say nice
things about America's fearful Gestapo, the IRS.

In 1988, I got into a big
ruckus with "60 Minutes" CBS Program boss Don Hewitt by confronting
him with the details. His team vowed to keep me off the air forever and to shut
me up. [Without public access Cable TV I would not be seen "on the
air".]

An honest, hard-hitting
reporter, Ted Smart, I knew from NBC's Chicago outlet, WMAQ-TV, Channel 5.
"I got the goods, Sherman. I can prove it. The FBI was implicated in the
assassination of Dr.King" he confided to me. "Ted, it's a death
warrant and you know it. Cool it." I responded. My pal, Ted Smart, was
murdered on the night before July 4, 1970. Another journalist, Louis Lomax, on
the track of the same data, was murdered about three weeks later.

Playing an evil role as to
the murder of Dr. King and its aftermath, was Rev. Jesse Jackson. He falsely
claimed he had been up on the motel balcony and that Dr. King died in his arms.
In 1975, Barbara Reynolds, a reporter for the Chicago Tribune, wrote a book
about Rev. Jackson, "The Man, The Myth, and the Movement". It was
loaded with eye-opening details. It surely painted Jesse as a charlatan and
scoundrel. Such as, the tricks he used to reportedly put the arm on local
businesses. The tricks he used to replace Dr. King. Some claim the reputed Dr.
King blood on Jesse's shirt was actually chicken blood.

As the book was coming out,
I spoke to Barbara Reynolds. She met me at a restaurant near Tribune Tower. She
kept looking apprehensively at the door. "Jesse is going to run me out of
this town. I can't stay here anymore" she told me. Someone came to the door
and looked right at her. Frightened, she fled our table. Three weeks after the
publication of her book, it was withdrawn. I have one of the few copies of the
original book. In the early 1990s, Barbara Reynolds finally went public with
what happened to her and her long-suppressed book. The Establishment had been
plainly protecting their man, Rev. Jackson. She told of her plight while on
"Tony Brown's Journal" TV Program. About that time her book was
re-issued but not widely mentioned.

A former U.S. Justice
Department official, who once held a key position, responded to my questions
about the Rev. Jesse Jackson. "I examined Jesse's secret file locked up in
our office. I shouldn't be talking about this", he leaned over and spoke in
a low voice. "It was a stack of paper several feet high", he added.
Impatient, I asked, "So what did it show?" And he confirmed what I
found out from other sources over the years,"Jesse has been an FBI
informant most of his adult life". "So he's a government fink" I
added. "Absolutely. My boss knew, I knew it" he said as he cut-off the
discussion.

Starting about 1970, my
associates and I became very knowledgeable about the financial dirty business of
Rev.Jackson. We had volunteered as consultants to a group made up of 25 thousand
would-be home owners, Afro-Americans. They called themselves the South Side
Contract Buyers League. In those years, mortgage companies "red-lined"
certain neighborhoods, such as where blacks lived. No mortgages were to be
issued in such areas. So, desperate to live in their own home instead of an
apartment, the blacks were forced to buy "on contract". An examination
of the area and the contracts showed the blacks were paying TWICE THE MARKET
PRICE for the homes they were occupying. It was blatant racial discrimination.

The South Side Contract
Buyers League had an office a few feet away from Jesse Jackson's office which
was an abandoned movie theater. For a while Jesse paid no attention to them. He
failed their repeated requests for aid. The Buyers League members organized a
payment boycott. One morning the Cook County Sheriff, Joe Woods [brother of Rose
Mary Woods, Nixon's secretary that reportedly doctored up the mysterious 18-1/2
minute Watergate tape] was set to evict Buyers League members, all at once, for
engaging in a payment boycott. For that purpose, the Sheriff arranged with the
phone company and the electric company to shut off the entire area so blacks
would have no lights and could not communicate with each other about the mass
eviction. Residents in the area who were not even members of the group also had
their phones and electric all cut off. After the eviction, the whole area looked
like a war zone. Household goods scattered on the street. Fronts of houses
crashed in. Windows and doors smashed, all around the house.

The leaders of the Buyers
League found out that my associates and I were investigating and researching the
lawyers who sold them out in Court, the banker-judges trying to control the
blacks, and such. So I was invited to be the guest speaker at a huge mass
meeting in a large Church. There was about 650 people packed in there. I
detailed to them the dirty financial forces and public officials that were their
sworn enemies, and what I suggested be done.

As I continued to make
suggestions and show up at most every session in Court, Rev. Jesse Jackson
pulled a trick on the leaders of the Buyers League, to get them falsely jailed.
He had a group of ruffians, he called "Black Men Moving", who filled
up the Courtroom and shouted slogans and would not be still, and stood next to
the leaders of the Buyers League. Instead of blaming Jesse who was present, the
Judge arrested the leadership and had them locked up in the basement of the
Courthouse. At that point, Jesse crossed the street to the Mayor's office
apparently to work a deal to take over the Buyers League now that the leaders
were jailed.

A group of Buyers League
women showed up as I was sitting in front of Jesse in the Mayor's outer office.
"Rev.Jackson, you do not represent the Buyers League". Jesse must have
thought I was just another wilted, foolish "liberal", and snarled at
me and shouted, "What are you doing here white face?" Although angered
how he was trying to psych me out with black-white slogans, I simply said,
"Rev. Jackson, the leaders have told me that you repeatedly refused to help
them. Why?"

Jesse went into the Mayor's
inner office as the women, by now alarmed, pounded on the Mayor's office door,
"Jesse, come out of there! YOU are NOT our leader!" they screamed at
the door. As Jesse came out, he walked past me, and with a vicious look, turned
to me, "I am going to get you for this!" Little if anything about this
was mentioned in print or on the air. But my confronting Jesse on his trick
apparently got the Buyers League leaders released from the court basement jail.

The various strategies that
I suggested resulted in the Buyers League members being issued mortgages at half
the price of the contracts. That is, a mortgage for the true, not inflated,
value of the homes.

Resentment built up,
however, against Rev. Jesse Jackson in the black community. Well-informed black
business people began meeting me on the sly. I became an authority on Jesse's
rise to be a multi-millionaire. We compiled files with details. The Federal
Government apparently gave him a 16-room house to live in a swank neighborhood
not far from the University of Chicago. The pressfakers often said Jesse lives
in the "ghetto". They never showed a picture of his mansion.

Jesse reportedly owned a
private garbage truck business, Cross City Scavengers. The traditional mafia
apparently made a deal with him, allowing him to horn in on their trade. They
reportedly allowed him to empty off his garbage trucks in dumps under the
control of the Mob. Jesse reportedly shook down a major food store chain in
Chicago, claiming "discrimination". They apparently set him up in
numerous businesses as a pay-off, concealed from the IRS. He reportedly got a
major interest in a dairy that supplied--now get this--Grade "B" milk
instead of Grade "A", foisted by strong-arm methods on certain stores
and restaurants. He likewise used his gangster-like methods to reportedly force
his orange juice company products on various stores.

As a mobster-type shakedown,
Jesse began marching his troops on a near lakefront restaurant that had a black
cook who was QUITE SATISFIED, WELL-PAID, and had no grievance. Jesse demanded
the restaurant owner use his Grade "B" milk which the owner refused.
Jesse demanded that the owner use Jesse's garbage removal services at TWICE THE
RATE PER BARREL as charged by others in the industry. Jesse demanded that the
restaurant use his pesticide services.

The restaurant owner told me
how he got rid of Jesse's shakedown. He matter-of-factly pointed out, "The
owner of this building where I lease space for my restaurant is a known hoodlum.
He threatened to have Jesse's office bombed. You know, gangster versus gangster,
stay out of my territory, you understand."

That ended the problem. A
gangster firm itself took over the restaurant later and the nearby motel.

A downtown bank that had
Jesse's secret accounts interested me, Amalgamated Bank and Trust. They are a
long-time highly-political, reputed mob front. At great risk to themselves and
their jobs, some of the bank clerks, on the sly, informed us of how Jesse pulls
up in his Rolls Royce, is taken downstairs by a Bank Director especially
assigned to reportedly hide Jesse's transactions, and everyone that works at
that Bank is warned that they see nothing.

A small, elite team of
federal agents were interested in all these financial rackets. About 1972, using
our numerous details and witnessess, they got Rev.Jesse Jackson indicted on
federal criminal charges of massive tax evasion and extortion done in the name
of human rights. Jesse's cronies reportedly paid 850 thousand dollars to the
Nixon White House to secretly quash the indictment. The money reportedly was
conveyed through an Indiana GOP National Committeeman. The Chief Federal
Prosecutor set to proceed with the prosecution, was forced out of his office.

I and two friends of mine in
the media came to a secret meeting. A former member of the elite federal team
ticked off to us how they got Jesse indicted, how he corruptly squelched the
charges, and how the matter was covered up. One of the media people got himself
a good job with the Wall Street Journal and never wrote what he found out. Do
some get their jobs by blackmailing others? The other reporter, from ABC
Network, died in a sabotaged plane crash enroute to a Mid-East assignment. His
friends are mad how he was steered onto that doomed plane. And I dare mention
all of this.

In session 1975-76, was the
House Subcommittee on Assassinations, delving into the murders of President
Kennedy and Dr. King. A staff member who I knew told me of records they had
which will be locked up and not included in the Subcommittee's Report. The
records show, he said, that the FBI hand-picked Rev. Jesse Jackson to replace
Dr. King BEFORE King was assassinated BY THE FBI. That Dr. King opposed the Viet
Nam War and was threatening to interfere with U.S. foreign policy. Dr. King in a
speech he made exactly one year prior to his death said he planned to go to Viet
Nam to tell black GIs they should not be killing yellow-skinned people in
someone else's civil war. The staff member led me to understand that the records
take the position that Rev. Jesse Jackson is acceptable to Federal agencies like
the FBI and CIA, and Dr. King, perceived as a national security risk, was not.
These bombshell disclosures will not be publicly divulged for thirty years, he
told me.

So, was the late Ted Smart,
a murdered reporter, correct? What did Louis Lomax. another murdered reporter,
find out? Oh, so you are naive and you think reporters are only murdered in
Mexico and Third World countries. Is Barbara Reynolds correct in her book? Rev.
Jesse Jackson has plenty to consider and plenty to conceal. Reports are
circulating that a key Chinese witness is set to testify that the Clinton White
House demanded he come up with several million dollars from Bejing, for the
political ambitions of Jesse's son, Jesse Jackson, Jr., a U.S. Congressman from
Chicago's south side. Junior before becoming a Congressman, worked for the
mafia-linked Hotel Workers Union. When grilled on this, on a radio show, Jesse
Jr. said he never heard of the mobster who headed the Union for which Junior
worked. Yet Junior was paid 59 thousand dollars a year as an alleged
"organizer". Some contend Junior performed little, if any work.

The bottom line: was reputed
FBI stool pigeon, Rev. Jesse Jackson, complicit in the murder of Dr. King, whose
position Jesse coveted? Stay tuned. More details in further stories on this
subject.

Memphis
jury finds that a conspiracy led to Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination

By Helen Halyard
17 December 1999

On December 8 a jury in Memphis, Tennessee returned
a verdict that civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. was the victim of an
assassination conspiracy and did not die at the hands of a lone gunman.

The verdict followed a three-week trial of a
wrongful death lawsuit which the King family filed last year against former
Memphis cafe owner Loyd Jowers. According to the suit, Jowers was part of a plot
to murder the civil rights leader. King was shot and killed at the Lorraine
Motel on April 4, 1968.

In a 1993 television interview with ABC News, Jowers,
now 73, reported that mobsters offered him $100,000 to have King killed. Since
the interview Jowers has changed his story several times. He was unable to
testify at the trial due to illness. His attorney, Lewis Garrison, told the
jurors they could reasonably conclude King was the victim of a conspiracy in
which his client was involved, but that his role was minor.

At the end of the trial a number of jurors commented
that they were convinced by the evidence that there was a conspiracy. Summing up
the sentiment of the jurors, one remarked, “We all thought it was a kind of
cut and dried case and that there were a lot of people involved.”

The major news media paid scant attention to the
trial and portrayed the verdict as having little significance. Reports on the
outcome of the trial appearing in the New York Times, for example, have
been dismissive of theories of a broad conspiracy involving government agencies.

A column by Nathan Lewin in the December 11 issue of
the Times, entitled “Putting History On Trial,” denounced civil
trials as a means of judging history. Lewin, now a Washington attorney, was
deputy assistant attorney general in the civil rights division of the Justice
Department at the time of King's assassination.

While Lewin and others in the political
establishment flatly reject conspiracy theories in the King assassination, a
majority of the American population are inclined to believe that more than one
gunman was involved, and many give credence to allegations of complicity on the
part of government agencies.

Attorney William Pepper, former lawyer of James Earl
Ray, who was sentenced to prison as the lone gunman in the King murder, has
investigated the circumstances behind the assassination for the past 20 years.
In 1995 he published the book Orders to Kill, which alleges involvement
by the Mafia, the FBI, the CIA and the military in the assassination.

Whether or not one accepts Pepper's theories, to
rule out a priori some form of conspiracy, including one involving
elements within the state apparatus, is, at the very least, no more objective
than the various conspiracy theories that have been advanced. An investigation
into the killing by the House Select Committee on Assassinations in 1978
concluded that while Ray was the gunmen, there was a 95 percent probability that
others were involved.

The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. took
place in the midst of mass social protests and urban upheavals involving working
people, youth and students who opposed racial discrimination, poverty and
America's involvement in the Vietnam war. Shortly before King was killed he
publicly denounced the war and began to address social issues, such as poverty,
that went beyond the pervasive discrimination that confronted African Americans.
He was in Memphis in 1968 to lead a march of 1,300 sanitation workers on strike
for better working conditions, wages and benefits.

James Earl Ray was picked up in London several
months after King's assassination and returned to the United States. He
confessed to the crime in March 1969 and received a 99-year sentence. He
recanted his confession three days after he made it, and for the next 29 years
fought to rescind his guilty plea. State and federal courts upheld the plea on
eight separate occasions. Ray met with Martin Luther King, Jr.'s son Dexter in a
prison hospital shortly before he died of liver disease in 1998 and told the son
of the civil rights leader that he was not responsible for his father's death.

After Ray's death William Pepper joined forces with
the King family to file the wrongful death suit. Since Jowers had stated that he
hired a man to do the killing, the liability charges were filed against him.

In the course of the trial 70 witnesses were
presented by the defense. Among them were members of King's family; the brother
of James Earl Ray; Walter Fauntroy, formerly a member of the House Select
Committee on Assassinations; and New York-based attorney and media expert
William Schapp.

Much of the testimony focused on the extent of
operations carried out by the FBI against King and those involved in civil
rights struggles. On August 25, 1967, FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover approved a major
counterintelligence program, Cointelpro, to disrupt and discredit left-wing
organizations, civil rights demonstrators and anti-war protesters. Hoover
directed operations against King in an effort to discredit his leadership and
break up the movement.

Convinced that King was a communist, Hoover
described him as “the most dangerous man in America, and a moral
degenerate,” and was obsessed with following King's activities. Dozens of
internal FBI memoranda document the surveillance and harassment of King. In one
incident King's alleged “sexual escapades” were used in an attempt to
blackmail him. Shortly before the assassination Hoover distributed an internal
memo to the FBI calling for King's “removal from the national scene.”

At the trial Fauntroy testified that while he
believed Ray was the shooter, he felt that Ray did not act alone. Fauntroy
expressed dissatisfaction with the investigation carried out by the House Select
Committee, noting that it was denied access to FBI files on the King murder and
was unaware that US Army operatives had King under surveillance at the time of
his death.

Following the issuance of the House Select
Committee's final report in 1979, Committee Chairman Louis Stokes and Chief
Counsel G. Robert Blakey ordered that all of the backup records, documents,
unpublished transcripts and investigative data be locked up for the next 50
years.

Jurors saw the videotaped deposition of Jack Terrel,
formerly of the US military, who testified that he had a conversation with a
military operations specialist who told him that he was assigned to a triangular
shoot team that had a special mission in Memphis around the time of King's
death. Terrel stated that the specialist was never told about the specifics of
the mission, and that the team was pulled out of Memphis at the last minute.

Attorney William Schaap explained how the media has
been used historically by the government to disseminate information, or, more
precisely, misinformation. According to Schapp, the FBI under Hoover's direction
infiltrated newspapers around the world and persuaded them in the 1960s to run
stories that discredited King. Schaap commented on the lack of media attention
to the wrongful death suit, saying, “It's amazing how much psychological power
the dissemination of false information has after 30 years.”

Following the verdict the King family told a press
conference that they were satisfied with its results. The youngest son, Dexter
King, remarked, “This is what we have always wanted. This is history.”

Deputy Attorney General Eric Holder told the press
that the Memphis verdict would have no impact on an ongoing Justice Department
review of the King assassination. The Justice Department, which initiated a
review of the case last year at the request of King's widow Coretta Scott King,
is expected to issue its report shortly. According to Holder it is very unlikely
that criminal charges will be brought or that the government will alter its
position James Earl Ray was the lone gunman and that there was no governmental
conspiracy involved in the King assassination.

Thirty years since
the assassination of Martin Luther King

By Helen Halyard
4 April 1998

Thirty years ago, on April 4, 1968, Martin Luther
King, Jr. died after being shot by an assassin in Memphis, Tennessee.

King was unquestionably one of the most powerful
orators of twentieth century America and a man of great personal courage. He was
able to give voice to the passionate strivings of millions of people to throw
off the shackles of racial discrimination. Unlike those within today's official
civil rights leadership who seek to cash in on his memory, King was an honest
man who was not driven by financial gain.

Three decades after his assassination there are no
shortage of tributes in the news media and on television, but during King's
lifetime he was reviled, spied upon and ultimately targeted for murder. Today,
the same forces that sought to undermine his struggle and, directly or
indirectly, bear responsibility for his assassination, seek to transform him
into a harmless icon.

Workers, students and young people should not allow
themselves to be taken in by the hypocritical tributes that the government
organizes in King's name. Today they present the martyred civil rights leader as
a "great African-American," with the aim of covering up the continued
racial discrimination that exists in capitalist society. They celebrate
precisely the weakest side of King's legacy, his religious pacifism, in an
attempt to promote the passive acceptance of social inequality, not only for
black workers, but for the working class as a whole.

For the working class and oppressed masses
internationally, this anniversary must serve as the occasion to soberly analyze
the lessons of the movement which King led in order to prepare for the struggles
to come.

Heroic sacrifices

Masses of people participated in the movement for
civil rights, the great majority of them black workers and youth, but they
included thousands of all races, especially young people, who were inspired by
the goals of integration, racial equality and democratic rights for all. They
stood up to enormous odds and made heroic sacrifices. Many were killed, and many
more were beaten, jailed and victimized.

The leadership of this movement, however, was petty
bourgeois in its class makeup and thoroughly reformist in its political outlook
and program. King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference based itself on the
perspective that racial equality and social and economic justice for black
people could be achieved without challenging the existence of capitalist
property relations and the present government institutions. From the Montgomery
bus boycott through to the marches into Cicero, Illinois, the strategy of King
and the SCLC was to mobilize nonviolent demonstrations and acts of civil
disobedience for the purpose of pressuring the government into enacting reforms.

Why was it that the struggle against racial
inequality developed under the leadership of reformists and Baptist preachers,
rather than more radical and revolutionary forces? Much of the answer lies in
the bankruptcy of the official labor movement.

The CIO of the 1930s was able to build mass
industrial unions only through a bitter battle against the attempts by the
employers to pit white workers against black. This struggle produced real gains,
in terms of economic conditions, racial equality and working class solidarity.

But this movement was aborted by its bureaucratic
and Stalinist leadership and brought under the domination of the capitalist
state and the Democratic Party. The trade union leaders with assistance from the
Stalinists of the Communist Party sought at all costs to prevent the working
class from breaking with the capitalist parties and establishing an independent
mass party of labor.

In 1955, the year Martin Luther King led the
Montgomery bus boycott, the CIO merged with the AFL to form the pro-capitalist
bureaucratic apparatus known as the AFL-CIO. Just as the craft union bureaucrats
of the old AFL saw the industrial worker of the 1930s as "the garbage at
labor's doorstep," so the Meany leadership of the AFL-CIO bureaucracy
treated the black worker with open disdain. Racial discrimination was widely
practiced in the unions themselves, and the entire bureaucracy supported the
Democratic Party, the pillar of segregation in the South.

Under these conditions the struggle for civil rights
developed outside of and apart from the trade union organizations, which at that
time embraced nearly 35 percent of the work force. The program of the civil
rights movement remained on the level of bourgeois democratic demands.

Following the social struggles of the 1960s,
legislation was drafted to formally dismantle the hated system of Jim Crow
segregation and legally sanctioned discrimination. The concept of "separate
but equal" education was struck down. Voting rights were established for
all. Formal equality was guaranteed by law.

However, in drawing up a balance sheet 30 years
after King's assassination, the limitations of the victories achieved by the
movement he led are more apparent then ever. An objective assessment points to
the necessity of critically examining the political program that guided his
movement.

Essential problems unresolved

Separating the struggle for legal equality from a
fight against the capitalist system responsible for racial discrimination and
oppression could at best produce reforms that left the essential problems
unresolved. It was impossible to attain social equality under conditions of
capitalist private ownership and gross economic inequality.

Official legal barriers to equality were dismantled,
making it possible for a thin layer of black politicians, professionals and
administrators to rise into positions of influence and privilege. This top 5
percent of America's black population has been deliberately cultivated by the
ruling class--thriving under the banner of "affirmative action." But
this was the slogan of Richard Nixon, not Martin Luther King.

This privileged layer has been promoted as another
line of defense for capitalism against the increasingly impoverished masses.
Such is the essential role played by the black elected officials, police chiefs
and administrators who have taken office in one after another of the country's
biggest cities.

While the proportion of black families earning
$75,000 and above grew significantly from 1970 to 1997, during this same time
the number living in extreme poverty also increased. Half of black women in
America are heads of households, and 50 percent of these live with their
children in conditions of abject poverty. There are more black youth in
America's jail cells than there are attending college.

Martin Luther King, Jr. stood head and shoulders
above Jesse Jackson and other charlatans who, in the name of "civil
rights," seek privileged positions as advisers and spokesmen for corporate
America. Nonetheless, there was a logic to his class program and outlook which
led inexorably from the idealism of the 1950s to the political skullduggery of
the Al Sharptons of today. In different forms, similar processes of decay have
affected not only the civil rights movement, but the trade unions, the feminist
and women's groups, and all those organizations which sought to make the profit
system more democratic while accepting its basic structure.

Given this experience, what is the road forward
today in the fight against racial discrimination, as well as the economic and
social deprivation facing growing numbers of workers, black and white? The road
of King's movement--of appeals for legal remedies and political reforms under
capitalism--is clearly a blind alley.

American capitalism's decline

It was possible for the civil rights movement to win
significant gains in the 1950s and 1960s, despite its reformist program, because
American capitalism was enjoying the heyday of the post-World War II economic
boom. This made it possible to extend concessions to even the most impoverished
sections of the working class.

But such reforms and concessions are today beyond
the reach of the ruling class. The economic position of the United States has
deteriorated over the past 30 years. Globalized production has intensified the
struggle between the United States and its capitalist rivals for control of
markets and cheap sources of labor.

In country after country social welfare programs,
public education and basic democratic rights are being systematically destroyed.
Within this context, the capitalist class foments racial poison to divide
workers and justify the conditions of mass poverty and oppression which its
system creates.

The bankruptcy of reformism and the inability of
capitalism to solve any of the fundamental problems facing masses of people have
led to the growth of right-wing and nationalist politics all over the world. In
the United States sections of the black middle class promote cultural
nationalism, "black capitalism" and the demand for "black control
of the black community."

Founded on the acceptance of racial divisions, this
ideology defends the interests of a privileged stratum of the black petty
bourgeoisie. Under conditions of growing social inequality affecting broad
masses of workers, black nationalist politics serve to split the working class.
Ultimately, the realization of the nationalists' program would yield the same
bloody results in America that the politics of ethno-communalism have produced
in the former Yugoslavia.

The overriding lesson which must be drawn from the
fate of the civil rights movement is the necessity to revive the workers
movement on the basis of socialist internationalism and establish its political
independence from the capitalist class. It is in this way that genuine social
and economic equality for all workers, as well as legal equality, can be
achieved. Different sections of the working class--white, black, Hispanic and
immigrant--must not fight each other over jobs, schools and housing. Rather they
must unite to reorganize society on socialist foundations so that decent and
ever-improving living standards can be provided for all.

Taken From WSWS:

Malcolm
X Assassination: The Disappearing Suspect

>>> From The
Assassination of Malcolm X (third edition) by George Breitman, Herman Porter,
and Baxter Smith (Pathfinder Press, 1991):

Certain things seem agreed upon by
everybody: The Organization of Afro-American Unity had scheduled a rally on
Sunday afternoon, February 21, at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem. This was one
week after Malcolm's home was fire-bombed and he and his family narrowly escaped
injury or death. People entering the rally were not searched. On the other hand,
they were all scrutinized by OAAU aides as they entered the hall.

Malcolm had just begun to speak when
two men began a scuffle deliberately designed to distract the attention of
Malcolm's guards. Three men rushed toward Malcolm, opening fire and wounding him
mortally; they then ran out of the ballroom, pursued by several of Malcolm's
supporters.

Police said that one of the three,
identified later as Talmadge Hayer, twenty-two, of Paterson, New Jersey, had
received a bullet in the leg by the time he got to the exit of the building. The
police also alleged that he had been wounded by Reuben Francis, a Malcolm guard.
Hayer was seized outside the building by the people pursuing him. So was another
man. The people began to beat and kick Hayer and the second man. Police arrived
and rescued the two being beaten, taking them away from the crowd. The third man
got away. He got away because the crowd did not catch him. Hayer and the second
man also would have got away if the crowd hadn't caught and held them until the
police showed up.

Now let us turn to the New York Herald
Tribune dated Monday, February 22 [1965]. This is a morning paper, which means
that the first edition of the paper dated Monday actually appeared Sunday
evening, a few hours after the killing. The top headline in the first (city)
edition reads: "Malcolm X Slain by Gunmen as 400 in Ballroom Watch."
The subhead, over the lead article by Jimmy Breslin, reads: "Police Rescue
Two Suspects."

Breslin's story in this edition reports
that Hayer was "taken to Bellevue Prison Ward and was sealed off by a dozen
policemen. The other suspect was taken to the Wadsworth Avenue precinct, where
the city's top policemen immediately converged and began one of the heaviest
homicide investigations this city has ever seen."

Next we turn to a later (late city)
edition of the same paper for the same day. The top headline is unchanged. But
the subhead is different. This time it reads, "Police Rescue One
Suspect." The "second" suspect has dropped not only out of the
headline, but out of Breslin's story too. Nothing about his being caught and
beaten by the crowd, nothing about his being rescued by the police, nothing
about his being taken to the Wadsworth station, nothing about the city's top
police converging on that station. Not only does he disappear from Breslin's
story in the late city edition, but he disappears from the Herald Tribune
altogether from that date to this.

Perhaps the whole thing never happened?
Perhaps Breslin, in the heat of the moment, had in his first story reported a
mere rumor as a fact, and, being unable to verify it, decided not to repeat it
in later editions?

But there are three morning papers in
New York, and in their first editions they all said it happened.

For example, let us examine the first
(city) edition of the New York Times for February 22. The subhead is very clear:
"Police Hold Two for Questioning." From the Times's city edition, we
even learn the name of the cop who captured the "second" man. It is
Patrolman Thomas Hoy, who is quoted as saying he had "grabbed a
suspect" being chased by some people.

But when we turn to the late city
edition of the same Times, printed only a few hours later, we find that its
subhead, too, has changed. It now reads: "One Is Held in Killing." But
the story hasn't yet been changed altogether. Patrolman Hoy still remains in the
story , and so does the "second" man who has dropped out of the
subhead. In fact, the story has more about Hoy than it had in the city edition.

This time the Times reports: "'As
I brought him to the front of the ballroom, the crowd began beating me and the
suspect,' Patrolman Hoy said. He said he put this man--not otherwise identified
later for newsmen--into a police car to be taken to the Wadsworth Avenue
station." Then Hoy's captive disappears from the Times as completely and as
permanently as he did from the Herald Tribune, and from all the other daily
papers. But there cannot be any doubt in the mind of anyone reading the accounts
I have cited that a second man was captured and taken away by the police.

Who was he?

Why did the press lose interest in him
so suddenly, at a time that it was filling its pages with all kinds of material
about the murder, including the silliest trivialities and wildest rumors?

Perhaps the lesson of the King
assassination is that our government understands the power of
nonviolence better than we do, or better than we want to. In the
spring of 1968, when Martin King was marching (and Robert Kennedy
was campaigning), King was determined that massive, nonviolent civil
disobedience would end the domination of democracy by corporate and
military power. The powers that be took Martin Luther King
seriously. They dealt with him in Memphis.
Thirty-two years after Memphis, we know that the government
that now honors Dr. King with a national holiday also killed him. As
will once again become evident when the Justice Department releases
the findings of its "limited re-investigation" into King's death,
the government (as a footsoldier of corporate power) is continuing
its cover-up -- just as it continues to do in the closely related
murders of John and Robert Kennedy and Malcolm X... Read this
extensive article at :
http://www.ratical.org/ratville/JFK/MLKconExp.html

Martin Luther King Assassination, New Evidence

Martin Luther King Jr Assassination - New
Evidence of a Government Conspiracy-
A mix of clips