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1 Our support, our lives: joining up the public services used by disabled people Alissa Davies March 2015

2 About Scope Scope exists to make this country a place where disabled people have the same opportunities as everyone else. Until then, we ll be here. We provide support, information and advice to more than a quarter of a million disabled people and their families every year. Being able to choose where and how you live has an enormous impact on your quality of life, your sense of independence and your self-esteem. Yet often disabled people struggle to find and afford the support they need to enjoy an independent life. This makes it harder for disabled people to access education and employment, as well as opportunities to develop wider friendships and social lives, or become leaders in their communities. Joined up support is crucial in overcoming these barriers and ensuring independence is achievable for all disabled adults. 2

3 In this report 1. Executive summary 4 2. Methodology 6 3. Why it is important that integrated care 7 works for disabled adults 4. Existing integrated care initiatives are 16 not going far enough 5. How the next Government can realise 21 the full potential of integrated care 6. Towards a wider integrated support agenda 27 Appendix A: Further evidence 34 Appendix B: Scope s analysis of existing 35 integration initiatives 3

4 1. Executive summary Joined up support can make it easier for working-age disabled people to live independently to enjoy family life fully, participate in and contribute to their community, access education and training opportunities, find and stay in employment. Integrated care for disabled adults is possible. Many of the structures and processes needed already exist. Nationally and locally these structures are starting to transform support for older people. Is it right that when we talk about integrated care, we think primarily sometimes exclusively of older people, 1 and of how to meet rising demand and support people better in later life? Working-age disabled people under 65 are a third of social care users 2 and are likely to be more intensive users of health services than the general population. 3 Public awareness of the relationship between the NHS and social care is growing. All political parties have pledged to bring health and social care closer together, and some initiatives to incentivise this are already in place. The full potential of integrated support is yet to be realised for disabled adults. Scope believes this is an opportunity the next Government cannot afford to miss. Where integration between different public services happens, it s crucial that it reflects the needs of the 6.1 million working-age disabled adults in the UK. 4 About this report Our interest is in how service integration can improve the quality of support disabled people get. Sections 3, 4 and 5 of this report look at how health and social care integration can work better for working-age disabled people in the care system. Although better coordination across health and social care may deliver efficiencies, this is unlikely to address the significant underfunding of social care. 5 Section 6 of this report applies key lessons and themes from integrated care and disabled people s definitions of independent living to a wider range of public services (including employment support). 4 1 For example and 2 HSCIC: Community Care Statistics 2013/14 3 The NHS does not collect data on how disabled people use health services, but local evidence suggests that disabled adults are intensive users of health services. See Appendix A. 4 DWP: Family resources survey 2013/13. https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/ family-resources-survey--2 5 LGA and ADASS (2014): councils face a 4.3bn funding gap for social care funding by

5 Integrated support from health and social care services Poor co-ordination across health and social care makes it harder for disabled adults to live independently, participate in society or contribute to the economy Yet disabled adults are not seen as a priority in current integrated care initiatives, or identified as a key group for future integration plans Existing integrated care initiatives have massive untapped potential in relation to disabled adults There is a financial, demographic and socio-economic case for making sure integrated care works for disabled adults The next Government can realise the full potential of integrated care through: A national strategy on independent living for all disabled adults with a strong focus on joined up support New incentives which reward councils and Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) that transform support for disabled adults A longer-term approach to the benefits of supporting disabled adults to live independently throughout their lives Integrated support beyond health and social care Integrated support for disabled people throughout their lives means they can learn, work, thrive and fulfil their potential. Integrated support for disabled adults needs to reflect all the barriers to living independently this means looking beyond health and social care and towards a wider range of services and transformation models across national and local government (including councils, CCGs and other local agencies). Disabled adults have diverse needs, aspirations and expectations from services, and different definitions of independent living from, for example, older people. This means disabled adults will not always automatically benefit from solutions designed for other groups. Equally there are big differences between different disabled adults which suggests that sophisticated solutions are needed. Scope has developed ten principles for integrated support to help national and local services make sure integration proposals work for disabled adults. Throughout 2015 Scope will be running a series of roundtables to inform Government thinking about how to deliver integrated support for disabled adults. 5

6 2. Methodology For this report, Scope carried out desktop analysis of the impact of current integrated care initiatives on working-age disabled people, based on a qualitative review of: National planning guidance and Department of Health data on the Better Care Fund Local Better Care Fund Plans, local Joint Strategic Needs Assessments and local Joint Health and Wellbeing Strategies Local Government Association profiles of the Integrated Care Pioneers The national prospectus for Integrated Personal Commissioning Scope ran interviews and two focus groups with disabled adults in early 2015, exploring their experiences of coordination across health and social care services. This analysis forms the basis of a series of recommendations on how the next Government can realise the full potential of integrated care for disabled adults. It has also been used to identify a number of key issues and areas for further exploration across the wider integrated support agenda. Additionally, this report draws on Scope s Better Care Project research 6, a year-long study conducted between April 2014 and March 2015, funded by the Department of Health. The research provides a detailed picture of working-age disabled people s (aged 18-64) recent experiences of the social care system, and how far services support disabled people to live, work and participate in their communities. The project included two focus groups with younger and older disabled adults, 15 in depth interviews with social care users and a survey with over 500 responses. Relevant key quantitative findings on integration from the research are included in this report on page 11, and have informed our recommendations. Many of the quotes in this report come from this research. 6 6 Grayston (2015): Better Care Project research (unpublished)

7 3. Why it is important that integrated care works for disabled adults Moves by national and local government to integrate care are driven by three main factors. First, to make better use of public resources in the context of rising demand for health and social care. Second, to improve outcomes for people who use services. 7 Third, to address the incompatibility of a health system that is free at the point of use with a social care system that is rationed and means-tested. 8 Integrated care must work for disabled adults if these objectives are to be achieved. We cannot afford a poorly joined up care system that creates barriers to disabled people participating in their communities or contributing to the economy. The number of disabled adults needing care and support is growing and demand is rising. Addressing this is a financial imperative for local authorities and Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs), particularly in the wider context of pressures on their budgets. Until now, the drivers behind integration have mostly been considered in the context of the ageing population. The needs of working-age disabled people have largely not been seen as central to the debate. This is partly because health data on disabled adults is comparatively weak. However, disabled adults are a demographic group who do not always have the same needs and life goals as older people. While there is a lack of robust health data, the evidence which is available primarily demographic, financial and socio-economic strongly indicates that disabled adults should become a priority group for integrated care, alongside older people. The number of disabled adults who need care and support is growing The numbers of disabled adults needing care and support is growing in two directions. Firstly, more disabled children with complex needs are living into adulthood due to medical advances and improved access to health services. 9 Secondly, adult life expectancy is growing for some groups Kings Fund (2014): 8 Barker Commission (2014): A new settlement for health and social care: sites/files/kf/field/field_publication_file/commission20final2020interactive.pdf 9 CeDR (2009): Estimating future numbers of adults with profound multiple learning disabilities in England 10 Life expectancy for people with Downs Syndrome doubled from 20 in 1980 to 49 in Life expectancy for people with Cystic Fibrosis increased from 14 in the 1980s to 50 in

8 The number of disabled adults needing social care is projected to rise by 9.2 percent between 2010 and This includes disabled adults whose parents can no longer support them because of an increase in their own health and social care needs, and disabled adults who are experiencing early symptoms of ageing. 12 I depend on my parents for a lot more than your average twentysomething year old would. I do dread the day their own ailing health gets the better of them. Caitlin, 26 A financial imperative for local authorities and the NHS More disabled adults needing care and support, in a climate of shrinking budgets and short-term funding settlements, presents significant financial challenges for local authorities and the health service. Since 2010 social care spending has fallen by 3.5bn (14 percent), but the number of people needing support has grown by 12 percent. 13 Tackling this gap is an immediate and pressing need for councils and Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs). Average social care spending per head is higher for disabled adults than it is for older people. Disabled adults are a third of social care users and their support already represents just under half of all social care expenditure. 14 Data on health spending on disabled adults is limited and disabled adults come into contact with the health service in different ways (see page 10). However, data from areas that have analysed total costs across health and social care suggests this pattern of higher spending per head is also true for health services. Detailed modelling of annual costs across the whole care system in Hammersmith and Fulham found that spending per head was highest for disabled people under 75 with learning disabilities and physical disabilities. 15 Disabled adults are a third of social care users Their support is just under half of all social care expenditure 8 11 Based on estimations in Tables 10 and 11 in Personal Social Services Research Unit (2013): Implications of setting eligibility criteria for adult social care at moderate needs level. 12 For example, adults with Downs Syndrome are more likely to develop younger-onset Alzheimer s. 13 ADASS Budget Survey (2014): 14 HSCIC: Community Care Statistics 2013/ McKinsey analysis (2014): integrated data sets for Hammersmith and Fulham.

9 Given that reducing costs is a key driver of integrated care, it is essential that national and local government understand the full picture of spending and patterns of demand for all their service users. Otherwise, we risk creating a joined up care system that is not financially sustainable. The fact that the number of disabled adults is growing and growing due to improved life expectancy also creates a much longer-term financial challenge. Young disabled adults are likely to use health and social care services throughout their lifetime. The real benefits (and savings) from a joined up care system therefore only become clear when you look at support for disabled adults throughout their lives. Recommendation Councils and CCGs model how disabled adults use health and social care services over their whole life to understand the short-term and long-term financial pressures, benefits and incentives. This should be supported by a national framework and guidance from the Department of Health (DH), the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) and NHS England. What is living independently? Independence is about living life to the full and making the most of what I have. Living life and being part of it, not watching life pass by because of a lack of support. That is not living, it is existing. Katy, 43 Independence isn t doing everything for myself but is being in control of how I live and what I do, whether that s at home or work or out and about. Elizabeth, 34 9

10 Pen portraits: how disabled people use care and support 16 Amy I m single and in my early 40s. I ve been blind since childhood. Then I became deaf in my late twenties. I went to a good university and have had a successful career. Now I own my own home in London a long way away from my family in the North East. For the last 20 years I ve employed a range of Personal Assistants who can give me the tailored support I need to live independently. The people I ve employed over the years have changed as my work, social and personal care needs have changed. At the minute I m working long hours and travelling a lot so I need a PA who is prepared to do that. I need support to communicate and with personal care. My condition also causes me to lose balance and that means sometimes I have accidents at home and at work. I don t think I see my GP as often as I should it s usually not the same person, they often talk like I m not there and it feels like a waste of time repeating the same information again and again. As I get older, I ll start to need more support from the NHS and care services. Recently I developed a thyroid problem that isn t yet under control. This leaves me very tired and makes things difficult at work. I m determined to stay in my own home though. Charlotte and Mandy My sister Mandy is in her late 50s. Mandy has Downs Syndrome and autism. Sometimes Mandy s behaviour requires active management and support especially when she s scared, upset or things change suddenly without any notice. Throughout her life Mandy has been in and out of residential care homes and in-patient hospitals, mostly paid for by the NHS. That s not ideal because Mandy is scared of doctors, hospitals and care workers. Mandy tells me that she would really like to live with family. That hasn t been possible since our parents got older and died. I live far away, have my own children living at home and don t have the time, space or money to support her properly. That makes me feel really guilty. Mandy has a limited social life and only occasionally gets taken out by staff. I see Mandy as often as I can but she lives on the other side of the country These pen portraits have been developed based on interviews and focus groups with disabled people with a range of different impairments.

11 John I m 23 and I left [residential college] last summer. I have Cerebral Palsy, use a powered wheelchair that I control with my left hand. I can t speak so I use my ipad to communicate. At college I got lots of support from staff who showed me that with the right support I could be in control. They helped me learn, provided personal care and helped me take my medication and go to doctors appointments. That s really important for me as I get lots of chest infections. Everything was joined up around me. I started planning what would happen when I left college in my first year. I knew I wanted to live in a house with friends, away from home, and see if I could find a job like everyone else my age! The college staff and my mum tried to work with social services and the NHS to get me into supported living. But there wasn t anything suitable back home and they refused to look at things near college. I ended up having to choose between living with my parents or going into a care home for older people. The thought of a care home terrifies me, so I went home. I m not leading the life I want. I m isolated, angry and I can t get out of the house except with my parents. It s making me depressed and my chest infections are getting worse. I want to be independent, but it just doesn t feel like the care system is set up for people like me. Not supporting disabled adults to live independently costs money The country as a whole will face even greater costs if the care system fails to support disabled adults to fulfil their potential in society. When the right support is not provided or support is not joined up, disabled adults find it much harder to work, learn, volunteer, build and maintain relationships and save for older age. Scope s Better Care research asked over 500 disabled adults about what independence means to them and the role of support in helping them live independently. While disabled adults all have different definitions of independence, consistent themes emerged as key features of independent 11

12 living, including: choice and control, family life, relationships, participating in society, working, learning, and overall wellbeing. Disabled adults have very high aspirations around independence and see support as central to achieving these aspirations. Two-thirds (66 percent) of disabled adults surveyed said that social care is very important for work, job seeking, volunteering and study. Sixty nine percent of disabled adults aged said that social care is important for building new relationships and meeting new people and 50 percent said they need support working and looking for work. The care system is not doing enough to help disabled adults achieve these aspirations. Just 18 percent of disabled adults surveyed said that social care supports them to live as independently as possible and 55 percent said social care never supports their independence. As a society we do not usually expect 20 year olds to want the same things from life as 80 year olds. A one-size-fits-all approach to integrated care which assumes the same solutions work for all groups is unlikely to succeed, given the range and breadth of disabled adults aspirations. Recommendation The next Government makes better support for disabled adults to live independently a key priority for councils and the NHS throughout the next parliament. This could be achieved immediately by: Adding an explicit objective on independent living for disabled adults to the NHS Mandate for 2015/ This would introduce a specific requirement for NHS England to promote independent living for disabled adults. Strengthening the national outcomes frameworks for health and social care 18 (see page 23) so the performance of councils and NHS services is measured based on how well disabled adults are supported to live independently Revising the national policy framework for the Better Care Fund and any future integrated care initiatives (see section 5) so they provide clearer incentives for councils and NHS services to support disabled adults to live independently NHS Mandate 2015/16: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nhs-mandate-2015-to National Outcomes Frameworks for Adult Social Care, the NHS and Public Health: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/health-and-social-care-outcomes-frameworks

13 Ben s story I live with my parents I always have apart from the few years I was at college. I ve wanted to live independently for a long time. I spoke to my social workers about this repeatedly. I was on the council s housing list for about 12 years and in 2013 I finally found a flat. I contacted social services and asked how I could change my support. I d tried doing it before I found somewhere, but they said you can t until you find somewhere to live. Eventually they assessed me and came up with a care package that was, just, utterly ridiculous. They were only going to fund an hour in the morning to get me up nothing during the day at weekend, nothing in the evenings, nothing overnight. So lots of arguments ensued. The council wouldn t help me. They shunted me onto the NHS. The NHS turned me down for continuing healthcare. Now they ve changed their mind, but I still don t know when I m going to be able to move in. I ve been paying for a flat for over a year that I haven t even slept in. The attitude of social services was well, this is the support you ve got and you ve just got to make do get on with it. And when you re in chronic pain, holding down a job, facing the biggest change of your life starting to live on your own, the last thing you want to be doing is spending your time arguing about the support you need. It s had a massive impact not just on me, but on the people I care about. I m on anti-depressants. I was off work with depression, I ve nearly lost my job. I ve ended a relationship as a result. I ve had screaming rows with my parents because I was so stressed. If I d known what it would do, I wouldn t ever have started down that road. I can absolutely see why so many disabled people end up in residential care or living with their parents. I never thought living independently would be this hard in a million years. 13

14 Disabled adults need a joined up care system that supports independent living From the perspective of the health and care system, disabled adults who use services fall into two broad groups: those who use social care services on an ongoing basis but rarely use health services, and those who regularly use both types of services. Joined up care needs to work for both groups. The care system must focus on making it easier to live independently as well as on improving health outcomes and making savings. Care which is poorly joined up has a negative impact on the lives of disabled adults who regularly use health and social care services. Our research uncovered numerous examples of disabled adults who are unable to access services as a result of poor join up across health and social care. Both health and social care professionals and disabled adults find the differences between health and social care confusing and sometimes get caught in the middle of disputes over who is responsible for arranging and paying for their care. There seems to be a big mix up in what you can have, and you can t buy NHS services with a social care package. That s out of the question. They saw bipolar as the mental health condition that health should deal with and Lupus as a social care element that I needed care for. They couldn t bring the two together as a package. Reagan Time and again disabled adults are repeatedly asked to give the same information to different professionals. This is frustrating and disempowering. Disabled adults highlighted waste and unnecessary duplication in the care system, for example in assessments and care planning across social care and NHS continuing healthcare. Different people phone up and ask exactly the same question that someone asked you three weeks ago. And it s like talk to each other! I shouldn t be sitting there and telling person B that person A has already come and done the assessment. That s not my responsibility. Ben 14

15 Delays putting social care support in place create avoidable demand for the NHS particularly for mental health services and other services like the criminal justice system. 57 percent of disabled adults surveyed told us they need social care services to better support their mental health and emotional wellbeing. If my social worker is not available then the police take up the slack, and that may mean being put into a police cell for many hours, making you feel like a criminal and ultimately making your suicidal crisis worse, and then you lose hope in the system and then you may not ask for help the next time you need it. Sophie, 45 Sometimes disabled adults end up accepting support that is not appropriate for their age, needs or aspirations because it is a struggle to get any support agreed at all. Inappropriate or insufficient support has a negative impact on disabled people s mental health. This is a particular issue during the transition from children s to adults services and makes it harder for young disabled people to plan for the future, and achieve their aspirations. Some of the services when moving from child to adult services were very difficult to understand, with each service blaming the other for a lack of information. Now in adult services it feels like if we don t accept one of the limited choices, then it s a case of take it or leave it. We re not offered a resource that is more suited to us. Mhairi, 19 Many young disabled people told us they felt the care system was not set up to meet their needs or support them to achieve their goals. More than half of social care users surveyed who were aged said they want help with working or job-seeking, but only around one in seven are currently getting support for these activities. Disabled adults need a joined up care and support system that supports them to live fulfilling lives rather than acting as a barrier to living independently, participating in society and contributing to the economy. 15

16 4. Existing integrated care initiatives are not going far enough Three major initiatives for joining up health and social care services already exist the Better Care Fund, Integrated Care Pioneers and Integrated Personal Commissioning (see below). These initiatives have created new structures, mechanisms and ways of working that are essential building blocks for a joined up care system. Alongside this, the Care Act 2014 has put independence at the heart of the social care system through the wellbeing principle. Whenever they make decisions, councils are legally required to promote the wellbeing of adults, including their ability to contribute to society and the economy. 19 Better Care Fund 20 National 1 year for 2015/ areas Pooled budgets Focused on reducing hospital admissions Integrated Care Pioneers 21 Local 14 areas since new areas from 2015 Individual personal budgets for health and care 3 years from April 2015 Testing and gathering evidence on new ways of coordinating care around people s needs Integrated Personal Commissioning 22 8 demonstrator sites Testing new financial incentives The Care Act 2014: section NHS England (2014): Better Care Fund revised planning guidance.http://www.england.nhs.uk/ wp-content/uploads/2014/07/bcf-rev-plan-guid.pdf 21 NHS England: Integrated Care Pioneers. https://www.england.nhs.uk/2013/11/01/ interg-care-pioneers/ 22 NHS England: Integrated Personal Commissioning

17 While these changes could radically transform the care system for disabled adults, Scope s analysis indicates that much more needs be done. Full details of our analysis of the programmes can be found in Appendix B. Current integrated care initiatives can do more to improve outcomes for disabled adults So far the biggest focus has been on joining up services for older people who are at risk of needing acute health services. However, the Better Care Fund and Integrated Care Pioneers have significant untapped potential in relation to disabled adults. Integrated Personal Commissioning is also a substantial opportunity for disabled people to have more choice and control over their support. The Department of Health and NHS England should grasp these opportunities and extend the benefits of existing integrated care initiatives to disabled adults by: revising the national policy framework for the Better Care Fund; using Integrated Care Pioneers and Integrated Personal Commissioning to test different ways of supporting disabled adults to live independently. The Better Care Fund Scope s analysis of the Better Care Fund s national policy framework 23, guidance 24 and the 91 local Better Care Fund plans approved in October indicates that the fund is largely focused on reducing hospital admissions for older people. This is particularly problematic given that Disabled Facilities Grant funding and Care Act implementation funding for all social care users is included in the Better Care Fund. Only 14 of the 91 local Better Care Fund Plans approved in October 2014 include schemes that are specifically aimed at disabled adults. 26 The majority of these 14 schemes focus on adults with learning disabilities the second highest demographic group in terms of social care spending 27 with barely any focus across the schemes on adults with physical impairments or mental health conditions. 23 LGA: Better Care Fund information: / /ARTICLE 24 NHS England (2014): Better Care Fund revised planning guidance. 25 Scope analysis of data provided by the Department of Health. See Appendix B. 26 Scope analysis of Department of Health data: Oldham, Sheffield, Stockport, Sunderland, Bath and North East Somerset, Bristol, Swindon, Wiltshire, Barnsley, Durham, Havering, Islington, Norfolk and Rutland. 27 HSCIC: Community Care Statistics 2013/14 32 of national social care expenditure is on support for adults with learning disabilities. 17

18 The focus on older people is driven by the national policy framework, guidance and payment by results metric on non-elective hospital admissions. The Better Care Fund is a one year programme for 2015/16 and local areas were asked to provide evidence of annual savings. This makes it harder for local areas to focus on the longer-term benefits of joined up care for disabled adults. Only 14 of 91 local Better Care Fund Plans include schemes that are specifically aimed at disabled adults Local plans mainly focus on outcomes that are more relevant to older people such as reducing hospital admissions and preventing delays in people leaving hospital. 28 This reflects the national supporting metrics and recommended local metrics. Two of the four national supporting metrics for the Better Care Fund 29 (on admissions to residential care and nursing homes and hospital discharges) only apply to older people. Only three of the nine recommended local metrics 30 for the Better Care Fund are relevant to disabled adults. Some disabled adults are still likely to benefit from new types of universal services being used to supplement formal care packages, for example electronic health monitoring devices. However often services that support disabled adults to live independently (such as education, employment support and travel) have not been included in local Better Care Fund schemes, are not age-appropriate or are simply unavailable. This is a missed opportunity more can be done to promote the wellbeing and independence of disabled adults Public Accounts Committee (2015): Planning for the Better Care Fund, pg See Appendix B. NHS England (2014): Technical Guidance for the Better Care Fund 30 Ibid: see Appendix B

19 Integrated Care Pioneers Scope s analysis of the first wave of Integrated Care Pioneers revealed a similar focus on transforming support for older people. Only one of the 15 Integrated Care Pioneers has a specific scheme to improve support for disabled adults. 31 Only four of 15 local Better Care Fund Plans in Integrated Care Pioneer areas include schemes to improve support for disabled adults. 32 As with the Better Care Fund, adults with learning disabilities are almost universally seen as a higher priority than other groups of disabled adults, such as adults with physical impairments or mental health conditions. This is surprising given that six of the Pioneers identify disabled adults as a priority in their Joint Health and Wellbeing Strategies 33 and eight Pioneers highlighted disabled adults as a key demographic in their Joint Strategic Needs Assessment. 34 The narrow focus on older people could be easily addressed: seven of the 15 Integrated Care Pioneers have schemes that could benefit disabled adults but do not yet apply to disabled adults, 35 for example around personal budgets. Only one of 15 Integrated Care Pioneers has a specific scheme to improve support for disabled adults Seven of 15 Integrated Care Pioneers have schemes that could benefit disabled adults but do not yet apply to disabled adults 31 Worcestershire 32 Barnsley, Stoke and North Staffordshire, Waltham Forest and West Norfolk. Local plans for Stoke and North Staffordshire and Waltham Forrest were not included in Department of Health data on the 91 plans approved by October Cornwall and Isles of Scilly, Islington, Kent, South Devon and Torbay, Southend on Sea and Stoke and North Staffordshire 34 Barnsley, Kent, Leeds, Southend on Sea, South Tyneside, Stoke and North Staffordshire, Waltham Forest, East London and the City and West Norfolk. 35 Barnsley, Cheshire, Greenwich, Islington, Kent, Leeds, North West London and Southend on Sea. 19

20 Integrated Personal Commissioning Scope s analysis of the national prospectus 36 and eight demonstrator sites 37 suggests Integrated Personal Commissioning has real potential to improve support for disabled adults who regularly use health and social care services. Four of the eight demonstrator sites will develop blended personal budgets for young disabled people and disabled adults across health and social care funding. 38 This shows that with the right national incentives and support councils and CCGs can and do focus on joining up support for disabled adults. Four of the eight demonstrator sites will develop blended personal budgets for disabled people across health and social care funding The care model outlined in the national prospectus for Integrated Personal Commissioning includes a number of approaches that disabled adults see as essential for choice and control, including holistic (or whole life ) care plans, personalised support planning, independent advocacy, peer support and brokerage. The financial model also aims to align financial accountability to the outcomes that matter to people so commissioners and providers are rewarded based on what works for individuals. 39 To ensure the success of Integrated Personal Commissioning it is crucial that these outcomes are defined in terms of independent living for disabled adults rather than benefits for the care system NHS England (2014) Integrated Personal Commissioning Prospectus. 37 NHS England: Integrated Personal Commissioning programme https://www.england.nhs.uk/commissioning/ipc/ 38 Cheshire West and Chester, Tower Hamlets, Hampshire and the South West Consortium. 39 NHS England: Integrated Personal Commissioning programme. https://www.england.nhs.uk/commissioning/ipc/

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