Tuesday, June 7. 2011

The next stop on our trip was Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар), the capital of Mongolia. Mongolia is the most sparsely populated country in the world and about one third of the population lives in Ulaanbaatar. Large parts of the city consist of ger districts - a ger is a typical mongolian nomadic tent. In those districts, people live very dense either in gers or in very simple wood houses.

Ulaanbaatar is a growing city. The ger districts still grow and in the southern part, a lot of apartment buildings are built. I haven't checked this with other sources, but two people from Ulaanbaatar told me that these constructions are mostly illegal, because they are in a nature reservate where only tourist ger camps are allowed, but corruption allows the constructinos to happen anyway.

The car traffic is very extreme in Ulaanbaatar. Most of the time there's a lot of traffic jam. Many car drivers seem to think that tooting a lot helps in the traffic jam. Very dangerous driving habits are common (this was also the case in russia, but much less extreme).

We wanted to visit the Terelj national park near Ulaanbaatar, but that failed because the bus times we got from the Internet were probably wrong (there is no bus at 11:00, no matter what the Internet tells you). Instead, we made a tour to the mountains south of the capital, which was also quite nice and interesting nature.

We visited the Naran Tuul, which is a big market (REALLY big). You can get there just about anything, clothes, bicycles, food, solar cells, satellite dishes, ... We were warned a lot from pickpocketing in Ulaanbaatar in general and especially on the Naran Tuul, but we never had any problems with that.

One evening we visited the Tengis cinema, which I found a quite interesting experience. Movies there run in english with mongolian subtitles. The movie (Thor) was not so good (Pirates of the caribbean sadly wasn't running there yet). The cinema itself had much more atmosphere than the cinemas I'm used to from Germany. Below the cinema is an arcade - some crazy teenagers played a dance dance revolution-alike game in really unbelivable speed.

Monday, May 30. 2011

All russian cities we visited had a very well working public transport system. It consists of metros, trams, busses, trolleybusses and minibusses.

On the metro, you pay for a coin (Yekaterinburg) or ticket (Moscow) before entering the area.

On Trams, you usually just get on the tram and there's a person where you can buy a ticket in the tram. It has a fixed price, which is usually between 10 and 20 rubels (about 0.25 to 0.50 €), if you need to switch the tram, you pay again. On busses, it's sometimes the same, if there's no person collecting ticket fees, you pay to the driver when leaving the bus. Same with trolleybusses and minibusses.
As long as you know which line to take, this is quite convenient. Usually, all lines come quite frequently, you only wait some minutes if you miss one. There was only one occasion where we had to take a taxi in Russia (to get the ferry to Port Baikal in time - the ferry itself worked like the trams, you pay on the ferry).

In Ulaanbaator, we found it a bit harder, mainly because we never really found out which bus to take (no tram or metro here). The ticket system is the same (you pay to a ticket seller on the bus). The busses here are often very overcrowded. Taxis here are really cheap, so that's what many people use.

Saturday, May 28. 2011

Ulan-Ude (Улан-Удэ) was our last stop in Russia, afterwards we took the bus to Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар), the capital of Mongolia.

I don't know why, but the mongolian part of the transsiberian railway is significantly more expensive than the russian part. The bus is a cheap alternative for the first part and it's also twice as fast (12 hours compared to 24 hours with the train). It costs 1000 rubels (about 25 €). We got the ticket through our hostel, so I can't tell where you can regularly buy it. (For the Mongolia-China part, there's also a cheap alternative, I'll write about that later.)

We started at 7 in the morning in Ulan-Ude. I'm usually a bit uncomfortable with long bus trips, especially if they go on curvy roads. Mongolia has nothing like motorways, so the whole ride goes on bumpy roads through the step.

Arriving at the russian-mongolian border, we had a bad feeling, because our migration card for russia was wrong. We got it at the border to Belarus and we didn't know that it's the migration card for both Belarus and Russia - so we only entered the dates and visa number for Belarus and realized that this was wrong when we entered Russia without a second border check. But it turned out our fear was unneccessary - the staff at the border called a colleague to look at the issue, but shortly afterwards we could go on without any more hassle.

Right at the border, we already noticed that in Mongolia, english was much more common than in Russia. Unlike on the russian side, some of the mongolian border officers were able to speak english. After the border, we stopped at a restaurant for a while.

Driving through the mongolian steppe, I felt that the main part of our journey really begins here: The landscape looked very different from everything I am used to and I found it quite exciting. Several times, the bus had to stop or horn for cows crossing the street.

Thursday, May 26. 2011

Ulan-Ude (Улан-Уд) is the city where the trans-Mongolian route of the transsiberian Train goes off the main route. Else, it's main sight is probably the big Lenin head statue, the biggest one in whole Russia.

Ulan-Ude is the capital of Buryatia. Buryats are people close to Mongolians, which one can easily see as many people look very different from most other russians.

We didn't do much there, except staying a night in a hostel and then leaving with a bus to Mongolia. So there is not much more to say about it.

Tuesday, May 24. 2011

After being in Irkutsk, we headed on to lake Baikal. Although we heared that it's worthwile to visit the nature reserves in the north of the lake, we decided against it, as all options to get there would've involved quite long bus trips.

Listwjanka (Листвянка) is a very tourist oriented village where the Angara River goes into lake Baikal. However, we were there completely out of season. I don't know if there was anyone else in the cheap Hotel we stayed, at least we saw noone else and the older couple running the Hotel seemed to be quite happy with having guests. This was the first time I stayed in a Hotel without any language communication possible.

Listwjanka is connected with Port Baikal at the other side of the Angara with a ferry. Listwjanka is not very big, but it's spread several kilometers on the lake's shore. The ferry terminal was somewhat special. I wouldn't have noticed it as being in operation if I hadn't known exactly where it was. There was an old place to board the ferry where already some holes where in the ground and a big rock prevented any cars from getting on it. The ferry just boarded right beside that place. The timetable consisted of a piece of printed paper in plastic.

Port Baikal is really small. It wasn't even possible to get a coffee there, it only has some small shops (where we got some very good baked sweets). It is the starting point of the circum baikal railway line. We had to stay several hours, because the ferry only goes a few times a day. Port Baikal gave us a feeling of seeing Russian live in a small village. Some cows were just walking on the "streets" (no paved roads here). I assume Port Baikal has no water supply, as many people were getting water from a pump near the train station.

I'm still lagging behind a lot with blogging my trip. So I'll try to keep up a bit.

After Yekaterinburg and a more than two day long train trip, we arrived in Irkutsk (Иркутck) near lake Baikal. Irkutsk is a much more tourist dominated city, which you suddenly notice by the larger number of english speaking people.

What I found noteworthy: At the beginning of our trip, I didn't see much of extreme poverty. This changed in Irkutsk. Large parts of the city are very small houses often in very bad shape. There are very rough breaks - in the same street, you see very modern buildings and a few meters further you see barracks. Also, there were a lot of burned down houses.

I took the opportunity in Irkutsk to visit the water power plant. It seems not many people consider it an interesting sight, as i was completely alone when I walked on and beside the dam.

A nice thing to visit was the market in Irkutsk, however, one should be prepared to be spoken to permanently by people trying to sell something to you.

After a short stay in Irkutsk, we went on to lake Baikal and the village Listvijanka (Листвянка).

Saturday, May 21. 2011

Large parts of our trip to Asia is on the famous Trans-Siberian Railway. It goes from St. Petersburg in the north-west of Russia to Vladivostok in the far south-east and has several sideways like the Trans-Mongolian line and the Trans-Mandshurian line to China. I started my Transsib-trip in Moscow and am currently in Ulan-Ude (Улан-Удэ).

Travelling in middle-Europe, one is usually not used to several-day long train tips. On our trip, we used only Platzkart (плацкарт), which is the 3rd and cheapest class which has a bed (on some parts you can get seat only tickets, which are even cheaper, but we always travelled over night, so this was no suitable option). Platzkart means that you're not travelling in small compartments, the whole carriage is one compartment with several beds in it. Although we read in several travelling guides that it's an uncommon option for European travellers, we found it quite satisfying.

Every carriage has usually two train conductors. Something common on russian trains is that you can always get hot water to make tea or packet soup. I read in advance that there are a lot of food facilities on the stations, but this turned out to be much less of an option than thought. There are usually only small kiosks which all have more or less the same offerings.

Our longest train-trip was from Yekaterinburg to Irkutsk, which took us more than two days. It was very exhausting and we plan to avoid any more train trips longer than 24 hours for the rest of our journey. We also had some unpleasant experiences with drunken fellow passengers.

Update: What I forgot to mention that's very noteworthy: On our trip, the transsiberian train was always very sharp on its schedule, at maximum it was only minutes behind. Very remarkable for several day long train trips.

Monday, May 16. 2011

I am a bit behind with blogging my trip - not enough time, and if there's enough time, theres often not enough electricity or internet.

We stayed for two days in Yekaterinburg (Екатеринбу́рг), which is the first big asian city if you travel from Europe to Russia. Yekaterinburg is probably a place where international visitors rarely drop by.

We stayed at two couchsurfers who operate a vegetarian shop in an area where vegetarism is barely known at all. So if you are ever in Yekaterinburg and need some tofu or soy milk, be sure to visit their shop.

The most relevant and unpleasant event during our stay was our attempt to get a ticket for our further route. I first thought that this wouldn't be a big issue, as we can order online tickets. But, as I already mentioned before, this is not an option here. For reasons unknown to me, this only works if you board the train at its starting point. So we went to the train station to try to get a ticket. Without much knowledge of Russian language, this was a really tough task and took us several hours. We wrote down the train we wanted to take and some Russian sentences we took from a travel guide. We were sent from one counter to the other, several times the ticket counter closed or made a "15 minute" pause (which in fact were more like 45 minutes) just in front of us. All in all I don't really know when we started this, so I don't know how long it took, but after all, we had the tickets we wanted in our hands - and they were significantly cheaper than any online offer we saw.

Beside the ticket buying, which took us half a day and limited the time we had to see the city, some interesting places worth mentioning:
- Yekaterinburg has a very geekish sight: A keyboard monument (some websites like Wikitravel call it the QWERTY monument, but I don't know if that's its official name) - a big keyboard made of stones (map link).
- We were shown an old hospital that was closed about 10 years ago and is now a place where adventurous people do urban exploration and locals tell horror stories about hidden subfloors. Most of the building is in very bad shape and some fountains around it give it a very special atmosphere. A small part of the building however is still operational (I don't know the exact place, but it must be around here).

A common thing to see in Yekaterinburg are trolley busses - busses that uses overhead wires.

What I experienced the first time here was a kind of real-world spam that seems to be common in Russia: In the pedestrian area, many shops used sound systems for advertisement. So you hear a lot of music and loudspeakers telling you the latest cheap offers all the time. Very disturbing.

Wednesday, May 11. 2011

After a 30 hour train trip, we arrived at Moscow Belorussky Terminal (Москва́ Белорусский вокзал). We stayed with some very nice Couchsurfers.

We stayed in Moscow for about two days. It'll mainly leave me with two impressions. First, Moscow is the most car-dominated city I've ever been (I've always considered Stuttgart and Berlin to be very car-dominated, but it doesn't compare). Big roads everywhere, loud and smoggy.

We stayed in Moscow at the 9th may, which is the most important holiday in Russia. It is the day that is known in middle europe as the 8th may due to timezone shift - the day the red army finally defeated Nazi-Germany. Since a few years, in Moscow there's a big military parade, which ends with a presentation of Russia's nuclear missiles. It gave me very mixed feelings. It's probably the best reason to celebrate that one can think of, though it seems wrong to me to celebrate nuclear missiles.

I read a lot that it's difficult for foreigners without russian language skills to get tickets at the station's offices. The offers you'll get if you book through travel agencies in Germany are usually totally overpriced and it's often impossible to book the 3rd class at all. We booked our tickets through Real Russia, a UK-based company selling tickets online. It's webpage is very useful, you can check train tables, fares and free space. We had no need to go anywhere or get the tickets via mail, as they just register our passport number and the train staff has a list with them, so your passport is your ticket. However, it seems this only worked for the first train and they don't offer that for the further trains.

Then we headed for the first part of the Transsiberian Railway - a 25 hour trip to Yekaterinburg (Екатеринбу́рг). While you can read in many travel guides that middle european tourists usually don't travel in the 3rd class, I was positively surprised by the quality. Everything was clean and nice. The only drawback: The bed was a bit short for my long legs. Luckily, I had the opportunity to get some more hours of sleep in a bed with an open end. Language was difficult: It seems nobody on the train was able to speak English or German. Everything went smooth, so there was no need for communication, but it may become difficult when problems arise.

Friday, May 6. 2011

Ever since I heared that it's possible to take a train from Москва́ (Moscow) as far as 北京 (Beijing), I knew that one day I wanted to do that trip. Today is that day. I'll head off for a trip on the landway to China.

Beside finishing my studies, the last months were filled with preparations for the trip. Getting a proper bag, deciding what to take and what not, vaccinations and getting all the Visa ready - which was the most tiring part, maybe I'll write in detail about that later.

I hope I'll find time to write some blogposts and post pictures (you'll find them here as soon as I made some).

Wednesday, May 4. 2011

The thesis summarizes several months of investigation of the Probabilistic Signature Scheme (PSS). Traditionally, RSA signatures are done by hashing and then signing them. PSS is an improved, provable secure scheme to prepare a message before signing. The main focus was to investigate where PSS is implemented and used in real world cryptographic applications with a special focus on X.509.

During my work on that, I also implemented PSS signatures for the nss library in the Google Summer of Code 2010.

The thesis itself (including PDF and latex sources), patches for nss and everything else relevant can be found athttp://rsapss.hboeck.de.

Monday, May 2. 2011

I have a magnet plate hanging over my desk. Usually, the normal magnets for that purpose you can buy in shops are of very low quality and not very strong and fail to hold more than a few pieces of paper.

I recently discovered a way to get much better magnets almost for free: From old harddisks. To open a harddisks, you will usually need some kind of Torx screwdriver. Inside, you will find one or two very strong neodym magnets, which were originally used to move the read head.

Thursday, April 21. 2011

https is likely the most widely used cryptographic protocol. It's based on X.509 certificates. There's a living debate how useful this concept is at all, mainly through the interesting findings of the EFF SSL Observatory. But that won't be my point today.

Pretty much all webpage certificates use RSA and sadly, the vast majority still use insecure hash algorithms. But it is rarely known that the X.509 standards support a whole bunch of other public key algorithms.

I'd be very interested to get some feedback. If you happen to have some interesting OS/Browser combination, please import the root certificate and send me a screenshot where I can see how many green ticks there are (post a link to the screenshot in the commends or send it via email).

Wednesday, March 23. 2011

Pioneer One is a science fiction series. What's special about it: It's completely supported by donations and it's distributed via BitTorrent. It comes under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license.

I read about the first episode a while back, but I forgot about it. Recently, I stumbled upon it again and took the opportunity to watch it. Up until now, just two episodes are completed, Episode three is announced for 28th of March and Episode four is in production. Further episodes will depend on the donations they get.

The rough story: A space ship is coming down over Montana and lands in Canadian territory. It spreads radiation, so the first suspicion is that it might be a terrorist attack. They find a probably russian human inside the ship, unconscious, with signets from the Sovjet Union. Their suspicion: The Sovjet Union has sent humans to settle on Mars and this one is a child coming back. The case is investigated by members of the US department of homeland security.

I found it pretty good. You can see overall that it's an independent production (for example the offices just don't look like offices from the US department of homeland security), but that makes no odds. The storyline is exciting, the actors do their job pretty well, the characters are interesting. My favorite character until now is Zachary Walzer, a scientist who's been endorsing Mars missions to the US authorities for a long time.

From the story concept, I'm not sure how this will make a very long series. At the moment it sounds like at some point they know what's going on and then it may not be interesting any more. Though there were some hints in which direction it might get to continue the story after that. I'm looking forward to see more.