This e-book is a complete and optimistic examine of the distinct trend of China's industrialization and financial improvement, masking the entire appropriate, major regulations (more than 100) from 1949 to the twenty-first century.

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329–31. Note: the state commercial sector includes the state-owned companies and SMCs. • Expanding interchange of urban and rural products This movement aimed to expand sales of rural agricultural and subsidiary products and also to promote urban industrial products. On 15 November 1950, Chen Yun pointed out, The measures to increase state revenue determined in this conference, such as the increase of tax grain attached, the increases of some goods tax and import and export tax, will levy an additional several billion Shifting in the Land Reform Campaign 21 catties of millet.

Therefore, in June 1950, the state carried out a commercial adjustment. a) Reducing the retail business scope and variety of state-owned companies The retail business for state companies was only six kinds of daily necessities (grain, coal, gauze, cooking oil, table salt and petroleum). Private ﬁrms would be engaged in the retail of other commodities. b) Stipulating the purchase scope of state-owned companies The state-owned companies could purchase main agricultural products, export commodities and a part of the main agricultural sideline products only.

To maintain and transform handicrafts Although the object of national industrialization was to develop modern industry, the state also adopted a policy to assist, transform and maintain 36 China’s Rural Industrialization Policy handicrafts for changing them from old and obsolete productions to a modern ones. • Assisting and maintaining Although handicrafts held a very large share in national economy for a very long time, some had already been replaced by modern industry by 1949. The state still wanted to assist and maintain handicrafts because “its declination would not only inﬂuence the life of handicraftsmen and increase unemployment, but would affect farmers’ production, then also the commercial market greatly” (CPCCC, 31 March 1953).