Ethiopia dragged reluctantly back into Somalia conflict

Richard Lough
Ethiopia is being sucked back into Somalia to open another front against Islamist rebels battling Kenyan forces but even a military victory is unlikely to end two decades of anarchy unless the country’s feuding politicians and clans want peace.

A small Ethiopian contingent rolled across the border on November 19 and 20, although Addis Ababa has publicly denied its troops are there. They have revived bases used during its ill-fated 2006-2009 campaign to rid the anarchic country of hardline Islamist rebels.
Regional leaders were meeting in the Ethiopian capital on Friday to discuss ways of supporting Kenya’s campaign. Mogadishu has said it would welcome an Ethiopian force if there was an official mandate.

Kenya has leaned heavily on Ethiopia to send a much larger force to join the assault against the al Qaeda-linked al Shabaab rebels. But Ethiopian troops are unlikely to stray far this time, aware that their last intervention was a rallying call for rebels, who portrayed Ethiopia as Christian invaders in a Muslim country.

Kenya too has stressed it will leave Somalia once it has dismantled al Shabaab’s network and seized strongholds that provide the insurgents a financial lifeline, potentially leaving a void for former warlords to step into.

Somalia is a hotspot in the global war against militant Islam. But in the two decades since warlords and then Islamist insurgents reduced its government to impotence, a string of foreign forces, including American, have failed to bring order.

“The Ethiopians can be none too happy with the state of affairs,” said J. Peter Pham, Africa director with U.S. think-tank the Atlantic Council.”The Kenyans, having foolishly charged in with apparently little thought as to realistic strategic objectives… are now bogged down and need an additional front opened against al Shabaab to relieve the pressure on themselves,” he said.

Kenyan forces crossed into Somalia nearly six weeks ago in an incursion designed to dismantle the militants’ network.

While they initially advanced smoothly on rebel strongholds in southern Somalia, the Kenyan campaign has stalled as al Shabaab fighters melt into the population, while heavy rains and muddy terrain swamp its forces.Ethiopian Foreign minister Hailemariam Desalegn said this week any measures against the rebels would be taken jointly with other members of the region’s IGAD bloc and the African Union.

Ethiopia is reviled across much of Somalia.
With tacit US backing, and at the invitation of the beleaguered Somali government, Ethiopia blitzed its way through Somalia in late 2006 and 2007 to rout another Somali Islamist administration from de facto power.

Washington said the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) had ties to al Qaeda. It now backs a government led by a former ICU boss.

Al Shabaab rose from the broken ICU, its ranks swollen by a deep resentment at the perception of Ethiopia as a Christian invader in a Muslim country. “The Ethiopians understand all too well that their presence, as a Christian nation, in Somalia could be propaganda for al Shabaab,” said an African Union official in Addis Ababa.

“They’re not going to repeat that mistake twice,” the official said on condition of anonymity. “They will back up ASWJ, equip them, train them and not stray too far,” referring to the pro-Mogadishu Sufi militia group, Ahlu Sunna Waljamaca, which is also closely allied to Ethiopia.

A second AU official said Ethiopian troops might push as deep as Baidoa, about 250 km (155 miles) northwest of Mogadishu with an airport, to stretch rebel lines and cut off some supply routes.

An Ahlu Sunna commander said the militia expected Ethiopia to train 4,000 fighters.Kenya boasts it could seize Kismayu, a nerve-centre for rebel operations and prized Kenyan target, any time it chooses.The advance on the port city was still on and the country’s navy has blockaded the sea port, a Kenyan military source said. Kenya hopes to starve the militants of huge revenues on inflows of smuggled contraband and charcoal exports to the Gulf.

The lack of a significant blow to the rebels so far, though, has raised questions about Kenya’s troops numbers and strategy.In 2006, against Ethiopia, a military giant in the region, the insurgents squared up to the offensive and suffered.”This time, they faded among the population … even as they draw (Kenya) deeper into Somalia, extending their lines of communication and supply and allowing them to get bogged down in the unforgiving terrain,” Pham said.

Some Western diplomats believe Kismayu will fall, but acknowledge there are few answers to the question: What next? “I don’t think even within the political and military circles anyone can tell you the end game, the exit plan,” Ndung’u Wainaina, head the Nairobi-based think-tank International Centre for Policy and Conflict said.

Kenyan troops might seek to switch berets and join an African peacekeeping force. That, though, would require the United Nations to extend the force’s mandate beyond Mogadishu and raise the ceiling on troop numbers from the current 12,000.

Western powers — most likely the United States and European Union — would also need to stump up more cash.”It’s difficult to see how that could happen anytime soon given that the salaries of the soldiers are paid for by the West. There’s no stomach for giving any more money to AMISOM,” said a Western diplomat working in the region.Even if Kenya and its regional allies crush the rebels, military force at best provides breathing space.
The writer filed this analysis from Nairobi