Similarly, it was suggested that elevated S100Blevels are involved in the development of Down's syndrome and AD [61]; its expression was also correlated with the density of dystrophic neuritis with overexpressed A?

To assess the functional state of astrocytes after traumatic brain injury, we analyzed the expression of two glutamate transporters, glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1/EAAT2), the glutamate transaminase, glutamine synthetase (GS) and the calcium regulatory protein S-100B.

Axons are the most susceptible to ischemic or toxic damage in different brain areas, and axonal injury detected by elevated CSF levels of tau protein and S-100B (markers of axonal damage) were observed during cerebral malaria in Kenyan children [25].