Controlling
Salmonella enteritidiS -
from floCk to food
The U.S. poultry industry loses $330
million annually due to Salmonella
enteritidis contamination in egg and
meat products. During a S. enteritidis
outbreak, poultry producers undergo
severe financial losses due to product
recalls, production losses, legal settlements, and brand-tarnishing1.
While most foodborne illnesses have
shown a decrease in occurrences
since 2008, Salmonella has increased;
it's the most common infection for
people (1.2 million U.S. illnesses annually)2.
Given potential health threats, operators
are keenly aware of how vital it is
to have a strong, FDA-compliant
S. enteritidis control program in place,"
says Charles Broussard, D.V.M, MAM,
Merck Animal Health. "Vaccinating
with SE Guard™ protects flock health
while protecting producers' operations,
profitability and future."
leSSened floCk and human riSk.
"Because it's anticipated being
easy on the bird, our customers are
excited about this product," explains
Dr. Broussard. "The emulsification
process we use to make the vaccine
produces a product undemanding on birds.
We've seen this in Bron-Newcavac™-SE
and expect the same result in SE Guard."
Convenient vaCCination
adminiStration.
With flexible administration timing
options, SE Guard is easily incorporated
into any comprehensive S. enteritidis
protection program. Maternal antibodies
protect pullets with a single vaccination
beginning at 10 weeks of age. A second
vaccination is recommended at least 6
weeks following initial vaccination.
to learn more about Se guard and
S. enteritidis poultry vaccination visit
www.merck-animal-health-usa.com
or contact a merck animal health
representative by calling 800-211-3573.
Fink et al. FNR Is a Global Regulator of Virulence and
Anaerobic Metabolism in Salmonella enterica Serovar
Typhimurium. J.Bacteriology, 2007.
1
"Trends in Foodborne Illness in the United States"
-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011.
12 ❙ WATT POULTRY USA
■ FEED COSTS
Zilberman, Department of Agricultural
and Resource Economics, University
of California - Berkeley, and his coresearchers have proposed cellulosic
biofuel systems that involve coproducing animal feeds and double cropping
corn and soybean acres.
Double cropping and coproduction
The report contemplates as much
as one-third of U.S. corn and soybean
land being used to produce a winter
double crop with a total biomass
(grain plus cellulosic biomass) increased 2.5 times over current levels.
The biomass could include corn stover
to feed cellulosic processes or grasses
and legumes in the early spring to
produce leaf protein concentrate for
animal feed. The residual cellulosic
fiber left behind after the protein is
removed would be suitable for animal
feed or biofuel production.
"Additional feed protein also may
be readily coproduced with biofuels
via the spent yeast cell mass following the fermentation to produce fuels,"
the researchers claim. "Therefore, it is
likely that increased cellulosic biofuel
production will be accompanied by
large increases in quantities of ruminant
animal feeds, leading to an increase in
both protein and digestible energy."
The approach would decrease total
U.S. GHG emissions, they calculate,
by approximately 700 teragrams
carbon dioxide equivalents per year,
roughly 10 percent of the total U.S.
GHG emissions.
Policy commitments required
The biofuel systems described in
the report are not simple and smack of
centralized economic planning-the
kind of thinking behind the RFS.
"With investment in technology and
policy commitments, adaptation of the
agricultural system to produce food,
animal feed and sustainable biofuels is
possible," the report reads. To garner
the environmental benefits, it concludes,
"it is necessary to think of the whole
system and work to improve its overall
performance rather than focusing exclusively on small pieces of the system."
The researchers make the following statement: "The analysis of this
paper shows that the United States can
produce very large amounts of biofuels, maintain domestic food supplies,
continue the contribution to international food stock, increase soil fertility
and significantly decrease CHG emissions." That's a lot to promise.
Freedom from oil imports?
The report, in fact, envisions a U.S.
economy free of imported oil. "In the
United States alone, there is sufficient
cellulosic biomass to produce enough
ethanol to replace all imported oil
rather easily," the report says.
That's an appealing alternative to
the economic prospect described in
the report: "The balance between oil
supply and oil demand is tight enough
that economic growth will put steady
pressure on oil prices, magnifying any
effects of speculation and threatened
or actual loss of supply.
"Unfortunately, it may be that low
oil prices will remain low only during
a recession. Thus, we arrive at a potentially grim future described by the
2
www.WATTAgNet.com ❙ May 2013

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