Similar

The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics is the first comprehensive and systematic reference on clinical research ethics. Under the editorship of experts from the U.S. National Institutes of Health of the United States, the book's 73 chapters offer a wide-ranging and systematic examination of all aspects of research with human beings. Considering the historical triumphs of research as well as its tragedies, the textbook provides a framework for analyzing the ethical aspects of research studies with human beings. Through both conceptual analysis and systematic reviews of empirical data, the contributors examine issues ranging from scientific validity, fair subject selection, risk benefit ratio, independent review, and informed consent to focused consideration of international research ethics, conflicts of interests, and other aspects of responsible conduct of research. The editors of The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics offer a work that critically assesses and advances scholarship in the field of human subjects research. Comprehensive in scope and depth, this book will be a crucial resource for researchers in the medical sciences, as well as teachers and students.

A step-by-step guide to conducting research in medicine, public health, and other health sciences, this clear, practical, and straightforward text demystifies the research process and empowers students (and other new investigators) to conduct their own original research projects.

Recent scandals and controversies, such as data fabrication in federally funded science, data manipulation and distortion in private industry, and human embryonic stem cell research, illustrate the importance of ethics in science. Responsible Conduct of Research, now in a completely updated second edition, provides an introduction to the social, ethical, and legal issues facing scientists today.

The startling new science behind sudden acts of violence and the nine triggers this groundbreaking researcher has uncovered

We all have a rage circuit we can’t fully control once it is engaged as R. Douglas Fields, PhD, reveals in this essential book for our time. The daily headlines are filled with examples of otherwise rational people with no history of violence or mental illness suddenly snapping in a domestic dispute, an altercation with police, or road rage attack. We all wish to believe that we are in control of our actions, but the fact is, in certain circumstances we are not. The sad truth is that the right trigger in the right circumstance can unleash a fit of rage in almost anyone.

But there is a twist: Essentially the same pathway in the brain that can result in a violent outburst can also enable us to act heroically and altruistically before our conscious brain knows what we are doing. Think of the stranger who dives into a frigid winter lake to save a drowning child.

Dr. Fields is an internationally recognized neurobiologist and authority on the brain and the cellular mechanisms of memory. He has spent years trying to understand the biological basis of rage and anomalous violence, and he has concluded that our culture’s understanding of the problem is based on an erroneous assumption: that rage attacks are the product of morally or mentally defective individuals, rather than a capacity that we all possess.

Fields shows that violent behavior is the result of the clash between our evolutionary hardwiring and triggers in our contemporary world. Our personal space is more crowded than ever, we get less sleep, and we just aren't as fit as our ancestors. We need to understand how the hardwiring works and how to recognize the nine triggers. With a totally new perspective, engaging narrative, and practical advice, Why We Snap uncovers the biological roots of the rage response and how we can protect ourselves—and others.

The practice of modern medicine and biomedical research requires sophisticated information technologies with which to manage patient information, plan diagnostic procedures, interpret laboratory results, and carry out investigations. Biomedical Informatics provides both a conceptual framework and a practical inspiration for this swiftly emerging scientific discipline at the intersection of computer science, decision science, information science, cognitive science, and biomedicine. Now revised and in its third edition, this text meets the growing demand by practitioners, researchers, and students for a comprehensive introduction to key topics in the field. Authored by leaders in medical informatics and extensively tested in their courses, the chapters in this volume constitute an effective textbook for students of medical informatics and its areas of application. The book is also a useful reference work for individual readers needing to understand the role that computers can play in the provision of clinical services and the pursuit of biological questions. The volume is organized so as first to explain basic concepts and then to illustrate them with specific systems and technologies.

This book highlights the challenges facing quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) in today's biopharmaceutical environment and presents the strategic importance and value generated by QA/QC for their involvement in control of manufacturing. It will put into perspective the need for a graded approach to QA/QC from early clinical trials through market approval. Since the first edition published in 2004, there have been more than 50 new regulatory guidances released by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA) and ICH that affect the CMC regulatory compliance of biopharmaceuticals; also the application of biosimilars has been developed in Europe and is under development in the USA. The revised update will be broadened to include not only biopharmaceuticals (biotech drugs) but also other biologics (vaccines, cell therapy, plasma-derived proteins, etc.)

PDQ Statistics, Third Edition offers an expert overview of all major statistical methods, giving the reader a thorough understanding of statistics and how they are used in research articles. The book covers the major categories - variable and descriptive statistics, parametric statistics, non-parametric statistics, and multivariate statistics. The explanations are clear, succinct, and loaded with practical examples. This third edition includes new chapters on hierarchical and logistic regression, path analysis, and structural equation modeling. PDQ Statistics, Third Edition also helps the reader identify those statistical analyses with basic flaws in design or research. The book's attractive design and humorous writing style make the subject matter accessible and engaging. **Please note that this title is no longer accompanied by CD.

In 1973, as the Watergate scandal was becoming public knowledge, CIA Director Richard Helms ordered that major documents relating to President Nixon's 'War on Cancer' be collected and destroyed. There was something in these documents dealing with the "formulation, the development and the retention of" illegal biologicals that were used to wage war and experiment widely on Third World populations, that must be hidden from the world.

It is now evident that the "illegal biologicals" he referred to included the pathogenic agents which have led to the AIDS epidemic and other world health crisis.

In The Extremely Unfortunate Skull Valley Incident the authors trace history of the secret war against and the terrible experiments performed upon their own citizens as well as the Third World populations. But Skull Valley does more than that. In their research the father-son team discovered the links between AIDS and many other diseases now increasing dramatically worldwide. Chief among these is myalgic encephalomyelitis/fibromyalgia dismissively labelled " chronic fatigue syndrome" by the government researchers.

In addition to AIDS and ME/FM the Scotts also demonstrate the etiological links to other neurosystemic degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, diabetes, schizophrenia, Crohn's-colitis, etc. All are said to be "of no known cause and having no known cure". Researchers Donald and William Scott have discovered that there is a "known cause" and there may well be a cure.

The cause is a little known organism called the "mycoplasma" which has the capacity to access genetically pre-disposed cells and to destroy them by up-taking pre-formed sterols. This process is the "degeneration" which characterizes all of the diseases under study. When the cells of the endocrine system are destroyed by a sufficient concentration of mycoplasmas, the balance of the physiological balance is altered and the immune system loses its ability to defend the infected victim, and co-factors such as the human immune-deficiency virus (HIV), and those with cause pneumonia, are free to have their way, leading to full-blown AIDS.

Science is on the cusp of a revolutionary breakthrough. We now understand more about aging—and how to prevent and reverse it—than ever before.

In recent years, our understanding of the nature of aging has grown exponentially, and dramatic life extension—even age reversal—has moved from science fiction to real possibility.

Dr. Michael Fossel has been in the forefront of aging research for decades and is the author of the definitive textbook on human aging. In The Telomerase Revolution, he takes us on a detailed but highly accessible scientific journey, providing startling insights into the nature of human aging.

Twenty years ago, there was still considerable debate of the nature of human aging, with a variety of competing theories in play. But scientific consensus is forming around the telomere theory of aging. The essence of this theory is that human aging is the result of cellular aging. Every time a cell reproduces, its telomeres (the tips of the chromosomes) shorten. With every shortening of the telomeres, the cell’s ability to repair its molecules decreases. It ages. Human aging is the result of the aging of the body’s trillions of cells.

But some of our cells don’t age. Sex cells and stem cells can reproduce indefinitely, without aging, because they create telomerase. Telomerase re-lengthens the telomeres, keeping these cells young.

The Telomerase Revolution describes how telomerase will soon be used as a powerful therapeutic tool, with the potential to dramatically extend life spans and even reverse human aging. Telomerase-based treatments are already available, and have shown early promise, but much more potent treatments will become available over the next decade.

The Telomerase Revolution is the definitive work on the latest science on human aging, covering both the theory and the clinical implications. It takes the reader to the forefront of the upcoming revolution in human medicine.

Researchis rooted in philosophical beliefs about values, concepts, and the nature ofknowledge. In order to appreciate thesephilosophical beliefs, several key concepts and terms require consideration andunderstanding.Complicating the noviceresearcher’s understanding of these ideas is the unfortunate reality thatexisting definitions can be confusing. Thissituation can leave students feeling overwhelmed and confused.

Thepurpose of this book is to provide an overview of major inquiry or researchparadigms in a simplified way. The termsdiscussed in this book include, but are not limited to:

Keep in mind that the terms covered in this bookare often debated, understood, and communicated in multiple “correct” ways. Also, due to the evolving nature of knowledgeand diverse perspectives within the literature, this book serves as anintroduction to research terminology that will help you understand, follow, andeven participate in this debate. Thisbook will be particularly useful to nursing studentswho are learning about nursing inquiry. Nursing is a field in which inquiry skills are integral to thedevelopment of best evidence and furthering of the profession as a whole.

This book is a comprehensive compilation of over 100 natural and alternative cancer treatments. It is a result of extensive research of the methods cancer victors have used to make themselves cancer free. Read their stories which is a directory of over 3,000 people who beat their cancer using the treatments described in this book. The objectives of the book are to: Encourage you to be open-minded and seek ALL the information about your choices of treatments Be a starting point for your discussions with your doctor or with the qualified, licensed physicians who use these treatments in their practices, or your chosen natural therapist. Please do not delay in consulting a licensed physician for an opinion if you suspect you have cancer. Be a starting point for your own research so you can make the best-informed decisions about your treatment plan. The consensus of the majority of alternative cancer therapists is that, the chance of full recovery using alternative therapies is almost 100%. with a newly diagnosed condition of early cancer, before any traumatic or toxic treatments have been received. Unfortunately, by the time most patients consider alternative treatments, they have already undergone other treatments. The e-book does not advise you which treatments to choose. It simply provides you with information that you are unlikely to obtain from your doctor, or find by yourself. You can make use of the information in discussion the experts who developed these treatments, and with the qualified, licensed physicians, therapists and clinics who use them in their practices.

Group Work With Populations at Risk, Third Edition is a fundamental resource for practitioners in health and mental health settings and a comprehensive guidebook of group work skills. Geared toward students and professionals gaining a beginning understanding of groups, this volume describes how to work with vulnerable populations that include returning war veterans, Latino and Latina immigrants, women and men who were abused as children, children of divorce, and people struggling with substance abuse, AIDS, cancer, or chronic mental illness. Each chapter describes the population and reviews the relevant literature, identifies themes and practice principles, presents a case illustration, provides evaluation guidance, and refers readers to key references and web resources. Each one is designed to stand alone for easy reference, and overviews of skill building and evidence-based practice make this a timely, comprehensive resource for group leaders regardless of specialty.

With 42 chapters authored by leading international experts, Swine Nutrition: Second Edition is a comprehensive reference that covers all aspects of the nutrition of pigs. It is equally suitable as an advanced undergraduate and graduate textbook as well as a reference for anyone working in any aspect of pig production.

The book begins with a general coverage of the characteristics of swine and the swine industry with emphasis on the gastrointestinal tract. It then describes the various classes of nutrients and how these nutrients are metabolized by swine and the factors affecting their utilization. The next section covers the practical aspects of swine nutrition from birth through gestation and lactation in sows and to the feeding of adult boars. The nutritional aspects of the various feedstuffs commonly fed to swine are covered in the following section. The final chapters of the book are devoted to coverage of various techniques used in swine nutrition research.

This issue of Clinics in Plastic Surgery offers the plastic surgeon (and facial plastic surgeon, reconstructive surgeon, burn surgeon, any surgeon working with face or body reconstruction or rejuvenation) an intensive review of all aspects of working with fat. The title succinctly sums it up that clinical applications, currently known concepts, and future expectations of working with fat for reconstructive or cosmetic surgery are presented here. The Editors and their selected are peerless in the field that focuses on biology of fat, adipose derived stem cells, and growth factors; harvesting, processing, and storage of harvested fat; how to maximize the results of fat grafting; and safety issues with fat grafting and growth factors. Practical clinical applications, currently known concepts, and future expectations of working with fat for reconstructive or cosmetic surgery are presented here. Because of the depth and comprehensiveness of the material presented by the experts in this field, this issues is presented in two parts; Part 1 topics include: Adipose Tissue and Stem/Progenitor Cells: Discovcery and Development; Cryopreservation of Adipose Tissue and Adipose Derived Stem Cells; Adipose Stem Cells: Biology, Safety, Regulation, and Regenerative Potential; History and Development of Fat Grafting: from Ram Fat to Stem Cells; Condensation of Tissue and Stem Cells for Fat Grafting; Can We STtandardize the Techniques for Fat Grafting; How Fat Survives and Remodels after Grafting; The Role of Fat Grafting in Facial Rejuvenation; Gluteal Augmentation with Fat Grafting-the "Brazilian Buttock Technique:" 30 Years' Experience; Fat Grafting for Treatment of Burns, Burn Scars, and other Difficult Wounds.

Sample size calculation plays an important role in clinical research. It is not uncommon, however, to observe discrepancies among study objectives (or hypotheses), study design, statistical analysis (or test statistic), and sample size calculation. Focusing on sample size calculation for studies conducted during the various phases of clinical research and development, Sample Size Calculation in Clinical Research explores the causes of discrepancies and how to avoid them.

This volume provides formulas and procedures for determination of sample size required not only for testing equality, but also for testing non-inferiority/superiority, and equivalence (similarity) based on both untransformed (raw) data and log-transformed data under a parallel-group design or a crossover design with equal or unequal ratio of treatment allocations. It contains a comprehensive and unified presentation of statistical procedures for sample size calculation that are commonly employed at various phases of clinical development. Each chapter includes, whenever possible, real examples of clinical studies from therapeutic areas such as cardiovascular, central nervous system, anti-infective, oncology, and women's health to demonstrate the clinical and statistical concepts, interpretations, and their relationships and interactions.

The book highlights statistical procedures for sample size calculation and justification that are commonly employed in clinical research and development. It provides clear, illustrated explanations of how the derived formulas and/or statistical procedures can be used.

When it comes to obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and depression, everything you believe is a lie.

With research gleaned from the National Institutes of Health, T.S. Wiley and Bent Formby deliver staggering findings: Americans really are sick from being tired. Diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and depression are rising in our population. We’re literally dying for a good night’s sleep.

Our lifestyle wasn’t always this way. It began with the invention of the lightbulb.

When we don’t get enough sleep in sync with seasonal light exposure, we fundamentally alter a balance of nature that has been programmed into our physiology since day one. This delicate biological rhythm rules the hormones and neurotransmitters that determine appetite, fertility, and mental and physical health. When we rely on artificial light to extend our day until 11 p.m., midnight, and beyond, we fool our bodies into living in a perpetual state of summer. Anticipating the scarce food supply and forced inactivity of winter, our bodies begin storing fat and slowing metabolism to sustain us through the months of hibernation and hunger that never arrive. Our own survival instinct, honed over millennia, is now killing us.

Wiley and Formby also reveal: -That studies from our own government research prove the role of sleeplessness in diabetes, heart disease, cancer, infertility, mental illness, and premature aging -Why the carbohydrate-rich diets recommended by many health professionals are not only ridiculously ineffective but deadly -Why the lifesaving information that can turn things around is one of the best-kept secrets of our day.

Since publication of the first edition of Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, it has become recognized throughout the world as the principal monographic work in the field of prokaryotic biology. Like a dictionary to a writer, the Manual is usually the first reference that a microbiologist consults when questions arise regarding the characteristics of an unfamiliar species or an unknown strain that bears some similarity to a more familiar one. While the first edition has served the community well for many years, it has become outdated. As a result, the editorial board of Bergey’s Manual Trust, in collaboration with more than 500 of the world’s leading authorities in prokaryotic systematics, is in the process of revising Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology so that it reflects current thinking and advances in the field.

Background

Rapid advances in DNA sequencing technology have led to a major change in the way that prokaryotes are classified. Sequence analysis of highly conserved regions of the bacterial genome, such as the small subunit rRNA gene, now provide us with a universal method of estimating the evolutionary relationships among all organisms. Such gene-based phylogenetic classifications have led to many new discoveries about prokaryotes that were not reflected in the classification used in the first edition of the Manual. We now know that the prokaryotes fall into two broad domains: the Archaea and the Bacteria. Whereas the Archaea were once thought of as the more primitive of the prokaryotic lineages, we now realize that they are more closely related to the eukaryotes than to the Bacteria by this measure. We have come to realize that many taxa based on shared phenotypic features may be quite distinct from one another based on phylogenetic evidence. The Chromatium, a genus of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria are more closely related to E. coli than to some other lineages of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria; Mycoplasma and other cell-wall deficient species are members of the Gram-positive clade; the medically important Chlamydia are aligned with the Planctomyces; and the Clostridium, which form a phenotypically coherent group, fall into more than a dozen phylogenetically disparate groups of Gram-positive bacteria. We have also come to realize that prokaryotes represent one of the major sources of biodiversity in nature and play a major role in the functioning of all ecosystems.

In addition to such fundamental revelations, the widespread application of new methods of classifying prokaryotes has led to an explosive growth in the number of validly published species and higher taxa. Since completion of the first edition of the Manual, the number of published species has more than tripled and has been accompanied by numerous taxonomic realignments that take into consideration newly published findings.

Phylogenetic classification is now broadly accepted as the preferred method of representing taxonomic relationships among prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike. While the evolutionary history of the prokaryotes is far from complete, there is already sufficient data to provide a reasonable view of the major lines of descent of the cultivable species. Although the second edition of the Manual retains it’s unique and highly structured style of presentation of information along genus and species lines, the arrangement of content is along the phylogenetic lines of the small subunit rRNA gene, so that the reader is presented with the information in a more natural, biological perspective. The second edition of the Manual also contains more in-depth ecological information about individual taxa and many new introductory essays.

In the preface to the first edition of Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, published in 1923, one of the stated goals of that work was to "stimulate efforts to perfect the classification of bacteria..." The editors of the first edition regarded the Manual as "a progress report leading to a more satisfactory classification in the future" rather than a definitive classification. Bergey’s Manual Trust continues in this tradition and recognizes that, for the Manual to remain scientifically meaningful and useful to the scientific community, it is time for the new edition.

Overview of the second edition of the Manual

As before, the Manual is subdivided into multiple volumes and each genus occurs as a separate chapter with introductory text provided at higher taxonomic levels. The second edition differs from the first in that clinically relevant species are not grouped together into two volumes. Rather, these taxa appear in their proper phylogenetic place. The text is arranged to follow the lineages defined by the large-scale phylogenetic trees maintained by the Ribosomal Database Project and the ARB Project to which a formalized, hierarchical taxonomy and nomenclature have been applied. As volume 2 goes to press, the taxonomy encompasses 6466 species that are assigned to 26 phyla, 41 classes, 88 orders, 240 families and 1194 genera. Each volume contains a collection of introductory essays on the history and use of the Manual; a detailed discussion of the prokaryotic domains; overviews of the classification, identification, and naming of prokaryotes; prokaryotic ecology and phylogeny; the role of culture collections in microbiology; and intellectual property of prokaryotes. Each volume also includes taxon specific essays and a detailed road map that presents the reader with a broad view of how the entire edition will be arranged, a mapping of phylogenetic groups to the phenotypic groups used in the first edition (Volume 1), or an update of newly published taxa and combinations appearing in print since the preceding volume (Volumes 2-5). The details of each volume in print (Volume 1), in press (Volume 2) or in preparation (Volumes 3-5) follow.

Volume 1 "The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria" (2001) David R. Boone and Richard W. Castenholz (Volume Editors), George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief) with contributions from 105 colleagues. 742 pages with 320 figures and 95 tables. The volume provides descriptions of 413 species in 165 genera that are assigned to the phyla Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, Aquificae, Thermatogae, Thermodesulfobacteria, "Deinococcus-Thermus", Chrysiogenetes, Chloroflexi, Thermomicrobia, Nitrospira, Deferribacteres, Cyanobacteria, and Chlorobi. In addition, the volume contains an introductory chapter to nonoxygenic, phototropic species of Bacteria belonging to the Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, which will be repeated in more detail in subsequent volumes.

Volume 2 "The Proteobacteria." (2004) Don J. Brenner, Noel R. Krieg, James T. Staley (Volume Editors), and George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief) with contributions from 339 colleagues. The volume provides descriptions of more than 2000 species in 538 genera that are assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria. This volume is subdivided into three parts. Part A, The Introductory Essays (332 pgs, 76 figures, 37 tables); Part B, The Gammaproteobacteria (1203 pages, 222 figures, and 300 tables); and Part C The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria (1256 pages, 512 figures, and 371 tables).

Long acting injections and implants improve therapy, enhance patient compliance, improve dosing convenience, and are the most appropriate formulation choice for drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism or that exhibit poor oral bioavailability. An intriguing variety of technologies have been developed to provide long acting injections and implants. Many considerations need to go into the design of these systems in order to translate a concept from the lab bench to actual therapy for a patient. This book surveys and summarizes the field.

This volume provides essential information for experienced development professionals but was also written to be useful for scientists just beginning work in the field and for others who need an understanding of long acting injections and implants. This book will also be ideal as a graduate textbook.

Discover the latest ICH news from international experts in the pharmaceutical industry, academia, and regulatory bodies.

The recent International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) revisions of regulatory requirements for quality, nonclinical, and clinical pharmaceutical product registration are the focus of this timely update.

This cutting-edge resource includes the major headings in the modular structure of the Common Technical Document (CTD), which is now the agreed format for product information submission. The format, specification, and technical requirements of the e-CTD, the electronic version of CTD, are also thoroughly discussed.

Far from the line drawings and black-and-white photos of the past, Infectious Diseases and Pathology of Reptiles features high-quality, color photos of normal anatomy and histology, as well as gross, light, and electron microscopic images of pathogens and diseases. Many of these images have never before been published, and come directly from the esteemed editor’s collection documenting more than 30 years in the research of infectious diseases and veterinary care of reptiles. A comprehensive reference, the book includes definitive information on every aspect of the anatomy, pathophysiology, and differential diagnosis of infectious diseases affecting reptiles. Beginning with a thorough review of the biology, anatomy, and histology of reptiles, the introductory chapters cover all major systems and provide the most complete single source for color images of reptile histology. It addresses the mechanism of reptile immunology and the response to pathogens, and explains how immunological response is key to differential diagnosis. Given the difficulty in isolating certain pathogens for identification, the book provides an overview of electron microscopy, complete with electron micrographs of reptile pathogens, and introduces the necessity of molecular methods for diagnosis. The text outlines serodiagnostics and the development and use of immunological reagents specifically designed for reptiles in tests such as indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Finally, the book devotes several chapters to the viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases known to reptiles and methods for isolating these pathogens. With up-to-the-minute data, a never-before-seen collection of images, and a stellar panel of contributors, Infectious Diseases and Pathology of Reptiles is the definitive resource forveterinarians, biologists, and researchers involved in the study of pathogens infecting reptiles.

We are standing at the threshold of a new and exciting medical era-an era of regeneration, rejuvenation, and renewal in which stem cells will set the stage for healing and, in some cases, the restoration of injured, diseased, and debilitated tissues and organs. While stem cell therapy is still in its infancy, the field is rich with promise.The debate over the use of embryonic stem cells and the questionable effectiveness of adult stem cells have led many scientists and clinicians to concentrate their energies on umbilical-cord-derived stem cells from healthy newborn babies. While these cells are technically classified as "adult stem cells," they appear to have greater restorative and regenerative potential than stem cells derived from adult tissues due to their young age.Human umbilical-cord stem cells (hUCSCs) have demonstrated great efficacy in promoting the healing of many conditions. In the last decade or so, pure cord-blood stem cells have been used by physicians to treat a multitude of intractable diseases such as progressive multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, certain degenerative eye disorders, stroke, diabetes, and various forms of heart disease. While certainly no cure all, umbilical-cord stem cell therapy appears to be amassing a respectable track record in terms of both safety and clinical utility.In Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Therapy: The Gift of Healing from Healthy Newborns, Drs. Steenblock and Payne share some of the science that underlies stem cell therapy and put a human face on this field with accounts of people who have benefited from hUCSC treatments. And, in providing this information, they encourage readers to take that bold first step into this vast and wondrous medical frontier.

Bringing together leading statisticians, scientists, and clinicians from the pharmaceutical industry, academia, and regulatory agencies, Multiple Testing Problems in Pharmaceutical Statistics explores the rapidly growing area of multiple comparison research with an emphasis on pharmaceutical applications. In each chapter, the expert contributors describe important multiplicity problems encountered in pre-clinical and clinical trial settings.

The book begins with a broad introduction from a regulatory perspective to different types of multiplicity problems that commonly arise in confirmatory controlled clinical trials, before giving an overview of the concepts, principles, and procedures of multiple testing. It then presents statistical methods for analyzing clinical dose response studies that compare several dose levels with a control as well as statistical methods for analyzing multiple endpoints in clinical trials. After covering gatekeeping procedures for testing hierarchically ordered hypotheses, the book discusses statistical approaches for the design and analysis of adaptive designs and related confirmatory hypothesis testing problems. The final chapter focuses on the design of pharmacogenomic studies based on established statistical principles. It also describes the analysis of data collected in these studies, taking into account the numerous multiplicity issues that occur.

This volume explains how to solve critical issues in multiple testing encountered in pre-clinical and clinical trial applications. It presents the necessary statistical methodology, along with examples and software code to show how to use the methods in practice.

(abridged and revised) This reference grammar offers intermediate and advanced students a reason ably comprehensive guide to the morphology and syntax of educated speech and plain prose in Spain and Latin America at the end of the twentieth century. Spanish is the main, usually the sole official language of twenty-one countries,} and it is set fair to overtake English by the year 2000 in numbers 2 of native speakers. This vast geographical and political diversity ensures that Spanish is a good deal less unified than French, German or even English, the latter more or less internationally standardized according to either American or British norms. Until the 1960s, the criteria of internationally correct Spanish were dictated by the Real Academia Espanola, but the prestige of this institution has now sunk so low that its most solemn decrees are hardly taken seriously - witness the fate of the spelling reforms listed in the Nuevas normas de prosodia y ortograjia, which were supposed to come into force in all Spanish-speaking countries in 1959 and, nearly forty years later, are still selectively ignored by publishers and literate persons everywhere. The fact is that in Spanish 'correctness' is nowadays decided, as it is in all living languages, by the consensus of native speakers; but consensus about linguistic usage is obviously difficult to achieve between more than twenty independent, widely scattered and sometimes mutually hostile countries. Peninsular Spanish is itself in flux.

Dr. Michael Pinsky has assembled an expert team of authors on the topic of Hemodynamic Monitoring. Articles topics include: The interface between monitoring and physiology at the bedside; Defining goals of resuscitation in the critically ill; Minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring; Bedside ultrasound for the intensivist; Invasive hemodynamic monitoring; Functional hemodynamic monitoring; Using what you get: dynamic physiological signatures of critical illness; and Effect of organizational issues on resuscitation effectiveness.

Mammalian cell lines command an effective monopoly for the production of therapeutic proteins that require post-translational modifications. This unique advantage outweighs the costs associated with mammalian cell culture, which are far grater in terms of development time and manufacturing when compared to microbial culture. The development of cell lines has undergone several advances over the years, essentially to meet the requirement to cut the time and costs associated with using such a complex hosts as production platforms.

This book provides a comprehensive guide to the methodology involved in the development of cell lines and the cell engineering approach that can be employed to enhance productivity, improve cell function, glycosylation and secretion and control apoptosis. It presents an overall picture of the current topics central to expression engineering including such topics as epigenetics and the use of technologies to overcome positional dependent inactivation, the use of promoter and enhancer sequences for expression of various transgenes, site directed engineering of defined chromosomal sites, and examination of the role of eukaryotic nucleus as the controller of expression of genes that are introduced for production of a desired product. It includes a review of selection methods for high producers and an application developed by a major biopharmaceutical industry to expedite the cell line development process. The potential of cell engineering approch to enhance cell lines through the manipulation of single genes that play important roles in key metabolic and regulatory pathways is also explored throughout.

In Spirituality and Health Research: Methods, Measurement, Statistics, and Resources, Dr. Harold G. Koenig leads a comprehensive overview of this complex subject. Dr. Koenig is one of the world’s leading authorities on the relationship between spirituality and health, and a leading researcher on the topic. As such, he is distinctively qualified to author such a book. This unique source of information on how to conduct research on religion, spirituality, and health includes practical information that goes well beyond what is typically taught in most undergraduate, graduate, or even post-doctoral level courses. This volume reviews what research has been done, discusses the strengths and limitations of that research, provides a research agenda for the future that describes the most important studies that need to be done to advance the field, and describes how to actually conduct that research (design, statistical analysis, and publication of results). It also covers practical matters such as how to write fundable grants to support the research, where to find sources of funding support for research in this area, and what can be done even if the researcher has little or no funding support. The information gathered together here, which has been reviewed for accuracy and comprehensiveness by research design and statistical experts, has been acquired during a span of over twenty-five years that Dr. Koenig spent conducting research, reviewing others’ research, reviewing research grants, and interacting with mainstream biomedical researchers both within and outside the field of spirituality and health. The material is presented in an easy to read and readily accessible form that will benefit researchers at almost any level of training and experience.

Finally - a book that covers all aspects of the illicit use of cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy and/or designer drugs such as GHB, written by two experts in their field. The use of these drugs remains a continuous threat in health and medical care delivery, and this book will be an essential asset to the physician who may have to face the evaluation of patients whose use of these drugs compromises an effective treatment plan for other health issues.

The book has been conceived to fill the void in existing physician reference materials, and provides a comprehensive review of the theoretical knowledge and scope of pharmacotherapy in individuals who are hooked on a psychoactive substance.

While detailed scientific information is obtainable in other major articles, the book's straightforward format and style, along with its illustrations, will make for easy reading as emphasis is put on information specifically related to drugs that occur most abused in today’s society. The information provided is based on clinical practice rather than pure experimental data, which will give the physician more effective tools useful in their daily practice. Many mechanisms of action of abuse are described in detail and references are provided to direct the reader to further sources for additional information.

As a special feature, the book incorporates uncluttered tables and charts, which result in immediate clarification of the mode of action on the central nervous system and the reason for misuse, thus avoiding usual long and fatiguing text in common reference books. The book aims to give the reader a clear and concise plan on what to do when being faced with an overdose situation.

A well-organized Table of Contents rapidly leads the reader from general pharmacological issues to the specific overdose syndrome and its management. Additionally, significant emphasis is placed on the practical do's and don’ts for physicians, with special reference to the predictive signs of aberrant drug-related behavior and the identification of the drug diverter by using urine drug screening.

Clinical Mycology offers a comprehensive review of this discipline. Organized by types of fungi, this volume covers microbiologic, epidemiologic and demographic aspects of fungal infections as well as diagnostic, clinical, therapeutic, and preventive approaches. Special patient populations are also detailed.

What does it take to be a scientist? Equally important, what does it take to be happy as a scientist? Drawing on thirty years of experience, Philip Schwartzkroin offers the budding scientist an invaluable glimpse into the day-to-day life of the researcher, filling a huge hole in the education of most would-be scientists--whether undergraduates or high school seniors. As Schwartzkroin points out, many of the most important things researchers learn as they hone their craft are not written down anywhere. And many of these insights come as a surprise to the naïve and well-meaning student who somehow believes that "doing research" is an occupation that is substantially different from doing a job in "the real world." This book looks at the "job" of science. Starting with suggestions about how to decide whether you'd want to pursue such a career (and if so, how to get started), the book works through some of the obvious topics relevant to a research profession--how to write a paper, give a talk, construct a grant proposal. It also examines less obvious topics that are generally incorporated into a research education only by trial and error--"thinking" like a scientist, negotiating scientific politics, dealing with research ethics, and understanding social interactions. And the book includes many "real-life situations" that may confront the young scientist, along with the author's advice on how to solve these problems. Based on the author's long career in the laboratory and his rich experience mentoring trainees, So You Want to be a Scientist provides information and insights that will help the young scientist make better decisions and choices. It will also be useful to teachers, counselors, and parents for its realistic look at the demands and requirements for success in a research career.

th The Who’s Who in Fluorescence 2009 is the 7 volume of the Who’s who series. The previous six volumes (2003 – 2008) have been very well received by the fluorescence community, with 1000’s of copies being distributed around the world, through conferences and workshops, as well as through internet book sites. In addition, the Institute of Fluorescence (http://theinstituteoffluorescence.com/) mailed 100’s of copies of the 2008 volume to contributors around the world. This new 2009 volume features some 419 entries from no fewer than 41 countries worldwide, as compared to 418 entries (38 different countries) in 2008 and 405 entries in the 2007 volume, respectively. We have received 29 new entries this year, and deleted 25 entries that were not updated by contributors from past years. In 2008, 129 AIM numbers were submitted as compared to 106 in 2007. This year the number has risen again to 136 AIM numbers submitted. This year we also see the introduction of the h-index number listing, a publication statistic provided by the Thompson’s ISI Web of Science. Some 42 contributors provided their h-numbers. In 2009 we also see a continued and strong company support, in light of the current world economic climate, which will enable us to further disseminate the volume in 2009– 2010. In this regard we especially thank the instrumentation companies for their continued support, where without their financial contributions, it is likely that the volume would not be the success it is today.

Prediction models are important in various fields, including medicine, physics, meteorology, and finance. Prediction models will become more relevant in the medical field with the increase in knowledge on potential predictors of outcome, e.g. from genetics. Also, the number of applications will increase, e.g. with targeted early detection of disease, and individualized approaches to diagnostic testing and treatment. The current era of evidence-based medicine asks for an individualized approach to medical decision-making. Evidence-based medicine has a central place for meta-analysis to summarize results from randomized controlled trials; similarly prediction models may summarize the effects of predictors to provide individu- ized predictions of a diagnostic or prognostic outcome. Why Read This Book? My motivation for working on this book stems primarily from the fact that the development and applications of prediction models are often suboptimal in medical publications. With this book I hope to contribute to better understanding of relevant issues and give practical advice on better modelling strategies than are nowadays widely used. Issues include: (a) Better predictive modelling is sometimes easily possible; e.g. a large data set with high quality data is available, but all continuous predictors are dich- omized, which is known to have several disadvantages.

Bioengineering and biotechnology are exploding—the number of career opportunities is expected to increase twice as fast as for other science and engineering fields over the next decade. Bioengineers and biotechnologists have enormous potential to meet employment needs ranging from traditional careers in science and engineering through a host of alternative career pathways.

This book provides a roadmap to the broad and varied career development opportunities in bioengineering, biotechnology, and related fields. Eminent practitioners lay out career paths related to academia, industry, government and regulatory affairs, healthcare, law, marketing, entrepreneurship, and more.

Lifetimes of experience and wisdom are shared, including "war stories," strategies for success, avoidance of common pitfalls, and discussions of the authors’ personal views and motivations. Career Development in Bioengineering and Biotechnology is an indispensable guide to some of the most exciting career and professional growth opportunities in science, engineering, and beyond, and a "must read" for anyone interested in a career related to this burgeoning field.

From the Foreword by U.S. National Medal of Science Laureate and Institute Professor Robert Langer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology: "This book provides a wealth of information and should serve as an excellent resource...The editors have gone to great effort to discuss a variety of critical topics in the burgeoning areas of bioengineering and biotechnology."

From the Introduction by Dr. Bruce Alberts, President Emeritus of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and Co-chair of the InterAcademy Council: "I am very impressed with the enormous dedication and skill that created this major, highly-original contribution – I know of nothing like it."

From the Editorial by Dr. Joachim Nagel, President, International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine, and past president of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering: "This book provides all the answers and can be highly recommended as the ultimate guide to anyone interested in bioengineering and biotechnology. The book arrives at a crucial time, and catapults bioengineering and biotechnology to the forefront of disciplines and to a rightly held pinnacle of inspiration for engineers, scientists, and technologists."

From the Afterword by Dr. Shu Chien, President, Biomedical Engineering Society and past president of the American Physiological Society and of the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering: "...this is truly an outstanding book that is the first of its kind...certainly a pioneering contribution."

Praise for the Book

"Bioengineering and Biotechnology are emerging as distinct disciplines amid the biological revolution and during a period of rapid globalization. These interesting times offer us unprecedented opportunities for professional and personal growth. This book covers many important areas of opportunity, including entrepreneurship, finance, law, and education, with a global perspective. The legacy of our times will include how well we used our rapidly advancing technologies to improve the world around us. This book provides a roadmap for the contributions of Bioengineering and Biotechnology in this quest."-James E. Moore, PhD, Texas A&M University

"This book will be essential reading for all those seeking career guidance in bioengineering and biotechnology."-Tony Bradshaw, PhD, Director bioProcessUK - BioIndustry Association (BIA), Chairman, The Royal Academy of Engineering/BIA Life Scientists' Career Seminars

"...the topics [are] quite extensive covering definitions, core curriculum, career opportunities, including a wide range of alternative career pathways as well as social and ethical issues. The material covered is unlike any of the standard publications related to these fields of activity... [the book] can be read at different stages of one's career."-Joseph D. Bronzino, PhD, Trinity College

"...once I started reading it, [I] could not put it down. In less than three days, I read it all, absorbing the stories and details as if I was consummed by watching a high action movie... The breath and depth of the wisdom is phenomenal, and the stories shared by the writers are moving, inspiring, and shine of intelligence in seizing one's own passion and talents and turning them into stellar professional careers." -Nathalie Gosset, MS, MBA, Head of Marketing, Alfred Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California

"This is a functional book with immediate impact, and is very helpful to those who need and desperately want help in making a career choice."- Jonathan Newman, Graduate Student in Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA

"This is an exciting undertaking and very well thought through and balanced. I enjoyed very much reading the chapters I have reviewed. Congratulations to all contributors and the editors of this book."- Gudrun Zahlmann, PhD, Director of Business Development, Siemens Medical Systems, Germany

"I am very excited about this book. As a bioengineering educator, I am always looking for information that can provide guidance for students as they prepare for their careers. The contributors in this book are so enthusiastic about their careers that many of the chapters made me want to switch careers on the spot! I believe that engineering students do not receive enough guidance on alternative career paths. This book will very much help fill the void."- Judy Cezeaux, PhD, Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Western New England College, Massachusetts, USA

Observations Plus Recipes It has been said that science is the orderly collection of facts about the natural world. Scientists, however, are wary of using the word ‘fact. ’ ‘Fact’ has the feeling of absoluteness and universality, whereas scientific observations are neither ab- lute nor universal. For example, ‘children have 20 deciduous [baby] teeth’ is an observation about the real world, but scientists would not call it a fact. Some children have fewer deciduous teeth, and some have more. Even those children who have exactly 20 deciduous teeth use the full set during only a part of their childhood. When they are babies and t- dlers, children have less than 20 visible teeth, and as they grow older, children begin to loose their deciduous teeth, which are then replaced by permanent teeth. ‘Children have 20 deciduous [baby] teeth’ is not even a complete scientific sta- ment. For one thing, the statement ‘children have 20 deciduous teeth’ does not tell us what we mean by ‘teeth. ’ When we say “teeth,” do we mean only those that can seen be with the unaided eye, or do we also include the hidden, unerupted teeth? An observation such as ‘children have 20 deciduous teeth’ is not a fact, and, by itself, it is not acceptable as a scientific statement until its terms are explained: scientifically, ‘children have 20 deciduous teeth’ must be accompanied by definitions and qualifiers.

Adequate blood supply to the eye is an important prerequisite for normal visual function. Over the past 40 years our knowledge of ocular blood flow regulation has improved significantly. This reader-friendly textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of ocular blood flow. Lavishly illustrated, it evaluates the wide array of methods that have been used to measure ocular blood flow. Furthermore, it not only offers the reader an evidence-based summary of the physiological and pharmacological properties of ocular blood flow regulation, but also demonstrates the ocular blood flow abnormalities in different vascular diseases. This book will enhance the understanding of all who are interested in learning more about ocular blood flow in health and disease.

For decades now, treatment for cancer has been limited to radiation, chemotherapy, surgery, and herbal remediesall of which offering only a small measure of hope for recovery. Now, however, there may be another option with even better results. Author Anthony J. Luksas, PhD, has dedicated over fifty years to research for not just a treatment, but a cure. His decades in the field have led him to the discovery of the ages: a road map to a cure for cancer using DNA.

Since its discovery in 1953 by Watson and Crick, the DNA double helix has been thought of as the language of God. From that point on, throughout the ensuing decades, research has decoded much of that language, giving scientists a more respectable insight into the paradox of life itself. Now, furthering that insight, Dr. Luksas has determined a means of using that language to address cancer and perhaps other diseases.

Providing a wealth of information on DNA and how it functions in the body, as well as other processes important to the replication of cancerous bodies such as cell respiration and metastasis, Dr. Luksas explains his findings with the common reader in mind.

The predictive medicine will have the capability to predict the results of certain medical treatment based upon the understanding of dynamic mechanisms and quantitative logic of human physiology and pathology. Predictive medicine will have significant impacts on the promotion of health and welfare. In addition, "in silico" development and testing of new medical treatments and medical equipments will have direct impacts on the improvement of product reliability and safety while improving the efficiency and reducing the cost.

SILICIUM, chemical symbol Si, is an element whose atomic number is 14, situating it between aluminum and phosphorus in Mendeleev’s list:

- concerning the human body, it is the 3rd constituent element of all connective tissue,

- concerning our planet, it is the 2nd constituent element of the earth's crust.

In other words, silicium is an essential element of our total make-up and also of our immediate environment. It is a full participant in cellular regeneration:

- to compensate for the loss of or to re-establish one’s initial vital capital with the knowledge that, at approximately age 35-40, this capital is almost nil,

- to carry information (this specific property is essentially due to its peripheral electrons which are numerous and tend to be naturally emitted). In fact, this property is very widely used in new technologies such as computers, magnetic cards…

- dosed at 0,3 ‰, it favours packaging in quantities of 100 ml, avoiding efficiency loss caused by contact with air (as is the case with 1 litre bottles at 0,2 ‰),

- accepts a definitely higher energy level when maintained in a field of natural energy (efficiency multiplied by 100) essentially due to spring water (without the slightest trace of chemical treatments) and also due to the alchemy generated by quartz crystals.

THIS SILICIUM IS CALLED "ORTHO-MOLECULAR"

Organic Silicium "ORTHOSIL" is highly energetic. It accepts a higher quantity of information than its counterparts and restores it for optimal efficiency. This dew, called the “full moon of Easter” (gathered according to the laws of alchemy), known as the Norbert Duffaut Remedy or NDR, named after the father of organic silicium, along with the pure spring waters of the Pyrenees, result in a final product unlike any other.

In a provocative book that is sure to be controversial, Connie Barlow puts forth a compelling case for breaching the barrier between science and religion-in effect, for a reunification of knowledge and meaning. Evolutionary biology, rendered as an Epic of Evolution, provides a powerful origin story appropriate for our times. Conservation biology, ecology, and Gaia theory all reveal how we fit in with the natural world; Barlow argues that they can not only inform our ethics but also expand our sense of meaning. In dozens of unusually candid conversations with leading scientists and philosophers, she presents an emerging view of a new meaning for science in our lives-and why this new meaning is crucial for our times. "Green Space, Green Time could well mark a turning point in humanity's troubled relationship with nature." -John Davis Editor, Wild Earth Magazine

A rapid development in diverse areas of molecular biology and genetic engineering resulted in emergence of variety of tools. These tools are not only applicable to basic researches being carried out world over, but also exploited for precise detection of abnormal conditions in plants, animals and human body. Although a basic researcher is well versed with few techniques used by him/her in the laboratory, they may not be well acquainted with methodologies, which can be used to work out some of their own research problems.

The picture is more blurred when the molecular diagnostic tools are to be used by physicians, scientists and technicians working in diagnostic laboratories in hospitals, industry and academic institutions. Since many of them are not trained in basics of these methods, they come across several gray areas in understanding of these tools. The accurate application of molecular diagnostic tools demands in depth understanding of the methodology for precise detection of the abnormal condition of living body.

To meet the requirements of a good book on molecular diagnostics of students, physicians, scientists working in agricultural, veterinary, medical and pharmaceutical sciences, it needs to expose the reader lucidly to:

Give basic science behind commonly used tools in diagnostics

Expose the readers to detailed applications of these tools and

Make them aware the availability of such diagnostic tools

The book will attract additional audience of pathologists, medical microbiologists, pharmaceutical sciences, agricultural scientists and veterinary doctors if the following topics are incorporated at appropriate places in Unit II or separately as a part of Unit-III in the book.

Molecular diagnosis of diseases in agricultural crops

Molecular diagnosis of veterinary diseases.

Molecular epidemiology, which helps to differentiate various epidemic strains and sources of disease outbreaks. Even in different units of the same hospital, the infections could be by different strains of the same species and the information becomes valuable for infection control strategies.

Drug resistance is a growing problem for bacterial, fungal and parasitic microbes and the molecular biology tools can help to detect the drug resistance genes without the cultivation and in vitro sensitivity testing. Molecular diagnostics offers faster help in the selection of the proper antibiotic for the treatment of tuberculosis, which is a major problem of the in the developing world. The conventional culture and drug sensitivity testing of tuberculosis bacilli is laborious and time consuming, whereas molecular diagnosis offers rapid drug resistant gene detection even from direct clinical samples. The same approach for HIV, malaria and many more diseases needs to be considered.

Molecular diagnostics in the detection of diseases during foetal life is an upcoming area in the foetal medicine in case of genetic abnormalities and infectious like TORCH complex etc.

The book will be equally useful to students, scientists and professionals working in the field of molecular diagnostics.

After more than twenty years of use Good Laboratory Practice, or GLP, has attained a secure place in the world of testing chemicals and other "test items" with regard to their safety for humans and the environment. Gone are the days when the GLP regulations were hotly debated amongst scientists in academia and industry and were accused of stifling flexibility in, imaginative approaches to, and science-based conduct of, all kinds of studies concerned with toxic effects and other parameters important for the evaluation and assessment of products submitted for registration and permission to market. The GLP regulations have developed from rules on how to exactly document the planning, conduct and reporting of toxicity studies to a quality system for the management of a multitude of study types, from the simple determination of a physical/chemical parameter to the most complex field tests or ecotoxicology studies. At the same time the term "Good Laboratory Practice" has become somewhat of a slogan with the aim to characterise any reliably conducted laboratory work.

Since ancient times humans have felt intuitively that emotions and health are linked, and recently there has been much popular speculation about this notion. But until now, without compelling evidence, it has been impossible to say for sure that such a connection really exists and especially how it works.

Now, that evidence has been discovered.

A thrilling scientific detective story, The Balance Within tells how researchers finally uncovered the elusive mind-body connection and what it means for our health. In this beautifully written book, Dr. Esther Sternberg, whose discoveries were pivotal in helping to solve this mystery, provides first hand accounts of the breakthrough experiments that revealed the physical mechanisms - the nerves, cells, and hormones - used by the brain and immune system to communicate with each other. She describes just how stress can make us more susceptible to all types of illnesses, and how the immune system can alter our moods. Finally, she explains how our understanding of these connections in scientific terms is helping to answer such crucial questions as "Does stress make you sick?" "Is a positive outlook the key to better health?" and "How do our personal relationships, work, and other aspects of our lives affect our health?"

A fascinating, elegantly written portrait of this rapidly emerging field with enormous potential for finding new ways to treat disease and cope with stress, The Balance Within is essential reading for anyone interested in making their body and mind whole again.

In The Systemic Practice of Misinterpretation of Scientific Data, the author unfolds the ways in which researchers misinterpret their data to promote a hypothesis with the aim of attracting the attention of the scientific community. By providing examples, the author explains how flawed research findings enter and remain in scientific literature for a long time. This book gives insights not only to researchers in the sciences, but also to journal reviewers and to various governmental and private agencies that work to promote science. The message of the book is positive and clear: it is possible to identify the flaws in scientific research by scrutinizing the subject matter thoroughly, thus saving researchers around the globe time and money. It is generally believed that the scientific community is relatively free of corruption and that it adopts good scientific practices. However, flawed research findings may occur not only from human error, but also from the intentional attempts of some researchers to promote their preconceived hypotheses. The author warns that unless certain practices in research are checked, a point will soon be reached when scientific research will not be worth the money invested in it. The book starts with some of the fundamental concepts in pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of antibiotics. Then, four related but independent topics are discussed: persisters, small colony variants, viable but non-culturable bacteria, and senescent bacteria. Each topic is divided into two sections: the first is a review of the literature; the second questions the validity of the current hypotheses and findings. In the subsequent chapters, a simpler hypothesis is offered after integration of the four topics. Finally, the impact of creating illusions in research is discussed.

This volume provides readers with the basic principles and fundamentals of extrusion technology and a detailed description of the practical applications of a variety of extrusion processes, including various pharma grade extruders. In addition, the downstream production of films, pellets and tablets, for example, for oral and other delivery routes, are presented and discussed utilizing melt extrusion. This book is the first of its kind that discusses extensively the well-developed science of extrusion technology as applied to pharmaceutical drug product development and manufacturing. By covering a wide range of relevant topics, the text brings together all technical information necessary to develop and market pharmaceutical dosage forms that meet current quality and regulatory requirements. As extrusion technology continues to be refined further, usage of extruder systems and the array of applications will continue to expand, but the core technologies will remain the same.

"This new work updates the highly regarded first edition...and is equally excellent. It offers a wealth of timely information about a variety of emerging and reemerging infections...This is an excellent reference for anyone interested in emerging infections, and will be a valuable resource for health science students, especially those in nursing and public health....Highly recommended. Upper-level undergraduates through professionals/practitioners."--Choice

Emerging, re-emerging, and antibiotic-resistant infectious diseases continue to increase at an alarming rate throughout the world. Written for a wide range of health professionals, particularly nurses, this revised edition provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of these diseases: their epidemiology, clinical manifestations, prevention, and treatment.

With contributions by a multidisciplinary team of nurses, physicians, and infectious disease specialists, the book includes material on the most recent and important new emerging infectious diseases:

Avian influenza and SARSIssues of demographics and microbial resistanceSpecial topics, including bioterrorismBehavioral and cultural factorsInfectious etiologies of chronic diseasesTravel and recreational exposure

Each chapter is amply illustrated with clinical case examples to demonstrate the pitfalls in differential diagnosis and elucidate proper management and treatment. Valuable appendices provide critical reference information for each of the bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic diseases.

How do we know whether a particular treatment really works? How reliable is the evidence? And how do we ensure that research into medical treatments best meets the needs of patients? These are just a few of the questions addressed in a lively and informative way in Testing Treatments. Brimming with vivid examples, Testing Treatments will inspire both patients and professionals. Building on the success of the first edition, Testing Treatments has now been extensively revised and updated. The Second Edition includes a thought-provoking chapter on screening, explaining why early diagnosis is not always better. Other new chapters explore how over-regulation of research can work against the best interests of patients, and how robust evidence from research can be drawn together to shape the practice of healthcare in ways that allow treatment decisions to be reached jointly by patients and clinicians. Testing Treatments urges everyone to get involved in improving current research and future treatment, and outlines practical steps that patients and doctors can take together.

The Third Edition of this bestselling title is packed full of real-world advice for researchers and students. It is an invaluable introduction to the theoretical and practical essentials needed to design, conduct and appraise qualitative research in health.

The book highlights core research skills, taking the reader through the key debates in qualitative methodology. It sets out a logical, easy-to-follow path supported by practical examples ensuring you will find it engaging and relevant.

Updates for the new edition include:

- a new chapter on effectively combining methods - new material on the practical aspects of securing access to participants, using online data and on selecting an approach for analysis - improved material on reading and appraising literature with detailed exploration of systematic reviews and synthesis - expanded chapters on analysing data, with practical suggestions for moving from descriptive to analytical approaches - an effective mix of classic and contemporary case studies from across health research - expanded summaries, key points and reflective questions designed to help students apply theory to their own research.

Clear, thorough and articulate, this is an authoritative introduction to qualitative research for all health professionals and students.

Visit the accompanying companion website for additional resources.

Judith Green is a Professor in Sociology of Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Nicki Thorogood is a Senior Lecturer in Sociology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Drug development can be time-consuming and expensive. Recent estimates suggest that, on average, it takes 10 years and at least $1 billion to bring a drug to market. Given the time and expense of developing drugs de novo, pharmaceutical companies have become increasingly interested in finding new uses for existing drugs - a process referred to as drug repurposing or repositioning.

Historically, drug repurposing has been largely an unintentional, serendipitous process that took place when a drug was found to have an offtarget effect or a previously unrecognized on-target effect that could be used for identifying a new indication. Perhaps the most recognizable example of such a successful repositioning effort is sildenafil. Originally developed as an anti-hypertensive, sildenafil, marketed as Viagra and under other trade names, has been repurposed for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Viagra generated more than $2 billion worldwide in 2012 and has recently been studied for the treatment of heart failure.

Given the widespread interest in drug repurposing, the Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health of the Institute of Medicine hosted a workshop on June 24, 2013, in Washington, DC, to assess the current landscape of drug repurposing activities in industry, academia, and government. Stakeholders, including government officials, pharmaceutical company representatives, academic researchers, regulators, funders, and patients, were invited to present their perspectives and to participate in workshop discussions. Drug Repurposing and Repositioning is the summary of that workshop. This report examines enabling tools and technology for drug repurposing; evaluates the business models and economic incentives for pursuing a repurposing approach; and discusses how genomic and genetic research could be positioned to better enable a drug repurposing paradigm.

Rabies is the deadliest zoonotic disease that threatens humans and animals on all continents except Antarctica. Asia and Africa are worst affected as more than 95 per cent of rabies associated human deaths occur in these regions. India alone bears about 36 per cent of the global human rabies burden. Dogs are the main transmitters of rabies that potentially threaten over 3 billion people in Asia and Africa. Many developed nations have been able to successfully control dog rabies but continue to face the risk from wildlife including bats. Bat rabies is responsible for most human rabies deaths in the United States of America and Canada but has emerged as a public health threat in Australia, Latin America and Western Europe as well. Despite being vaccine preventable, rabies continues to haunt the mankind. Poor resources is a major constraint but the factors like low priority attributed to rabies, misconceptions in the community about the disease and unsystematic approach for its prevention and control are also responsible for the grim situation. Targets have been set for elimination of human and dog rabies in all Latin American countries by 2015 and of human rabies transmitted by dogs in South-East Asia by 2020. However, the myths prevailing among the people together with inadequate knowledge of the health professionals, veterinarians, and the civic body staff about the rabies prevention and control strategies might make the task very difficult. This book comprising eight chapters elaborates the causation of rabies in man and animals, its global epidemiology, risk analysis and effective strategies for the management of exposures. Proven methods of rabies prevention and control have been discussed in length along with the challenges and ways to overcome the constraints through intersectoral coordination. The inclusion of 200 frequently asked questions is a unique feature of the book which may help not only the common people and pet lovers in clearing their doubts about rabies in man and animals also be equally instrumental in updating the knowledge and skills of the public health personnel, veterinarians and other professionals. Apt illustrations and simple language make the contents of the book easily comprehensible and a reading pleasure.

Using the most well-studied behavioral analyses of animal subjects to promote a better understanding of the effects of disease and the effects of new therapeutic treatments on human cognition, Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience provides a reference manual for molecular and cellular research scientists in both academia and the pharmaceutical industry. The materials presented draw from the scholarly works of recognized experts in several fields of cognitive and behavioral neuroscience.

Each contributor describes the most frequently used and most widely accepted version of the model, and each chapter includes: (1) a well-referenced introduction that covers the theory behind and the utility of the model; (2) a detailed and step-by-step methodology; and (3) an approach to the interpretation of the data presented. Many chapters also provide examples of actual experiments that use the method.

This text eliminates the guesswork from the process of designing the methodology for many of the animal behavioral models that are used to study brain disorders, drug abuse, toxicology, and cognitive drug development. It will also significantly reduce the time spent assessing literature and developing models for studying animal subjects. Overall, Methods of Behavioral Analysis in Neuroscience is an invaluable reference source for the professional who seeks to comprehend the effects of disease on human cognition.

This book provides a clearly structured introduction to hydrogen biology and medicine. Hydrogen is the one of the most abundant elements in the universe and has the simplest structure. In 2007, Japanese researchers found that the selective oxidation of hydrogen has a therapeutic effect on various diseases and injuries, sparking widespread interest in the biomedical field. In recent years, hundreds of peer-reviewed papers have been published internationally reporting the positive effects of hydrogen on many human diseases, including strokes, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and sepsis. The authors provide readers with a comprehensive overview of this subject, from its physical and chemical properties to its biological effects, as well as the problems and obstacles that exist.

Hailed by John le Carré as “an act of courage on the part of its author” and singled out for praise by the leading medical journals in the United States and the United Kingdom, The Body Hunters uncovers the real-life story behind le Carré’s acclaimed novel The Constant Gardener and the feature film based on it.

"A trenchant exposé . . . meticulously researched and packed with documentary evidence" (Publishers Weekly), Sonia Shah’s riveting journalistic account shines a much-needed spotlight on a disturbing new global trend. Drawing on years of original research and reporting in Africa and Asia, Shah examines how the multinational pharmaceutical industry, in its quest to develop lucrative drugs, has begun exporting its clinical research trials to the developing world, where ethical oversight is minimal and desperate patients abound. As the New England Journal of Medicine notes, “it is critical that those engaged in drug development, clinical research and its oversight, research ethics, and policy know about these stories,” which tell of an impossible choice being faced by many of the world’s poorest patients—be experimented upon or die for lack of medicine.

Antibiotics are truly miracle drugs. As a class, they are one of the only ones that actually cure disease as opposed to most drugs that only help relieve symptoms or control disease. Since bacteria that cause serious disease in humans are becoming more and more resistant to the antibiotics we have today, and because they will ultimately become resistant to any antibiotic that we use for treatment or for anything else, we need a steady supply of new antibiotics active against any resistant bacteria that arise. However, the antibiotics marketplace is no longer attractive for large pharmaceutical companies, the costs of development are skyrocketing because of ever more stringent requirements by the regulatory agencies, and finding new antibiotics active against resistant strains is getting harder and harder. These forces are all combining to deny us these miracle drugs when we need them the most. I provide a number of possible paths to shelter from this perfect storm.

The Treatment is the story of one tragedy of medical research that stretched over eleven years and affected the lives of hundreds of people in an Ohio city. Thirty years ago the author, then an assistant professor of English, acquired a large set of little-known medical papers at her university. These documents told a grotesque story. Cancer patients coming to the public hospital on her campus were being swept into secret experiments for the U.S. military; they were being irradiated over their whole bodies as if they were soldiers in nuclear war. Of the ninety women and men exposed to this treatment, twenty-one died within a month of their radiations.Martha Stephens’s report on these deaths led to the halting of the tests, but local papers did not print her charges, and for many years people in Cincinnati had no way of knowing that lethal experiments had taken place there. In 1994 other military tests were brought to light, and a yellowed copy of Stephens’s original report was delivered to a television newsroom. In Ohio, major publicity ensued—at long last—and reached around the world. Stephens uncovered the names of the victims, and a legal action was filed against thirteen researchers and their institutions. A federal judge compared the deeds of the doctors to the medical crimes of the Nazis during World War II and refused to dismiss the researchers from the suit. After many bitter disputes in court, they agreed to settle the case with the families of those they had afflicted. In 1999 a memorial plaque was raised in a yard of the hospital. Who were these doctors and why had they done as they did? Who were the people whose lives they took? Who was the reporter who could not forget the story, the young attorney who first developed the case, the judge who issued the historic ruling against the doctors? This is Stephens’s moving account of all that transpired in these lives and her own during this epic battle between medicine and human rights.

Research on vitamin C and its effects on cancer is growing in popularity around the world as positive research continues to accumulate building a stronger case for its effectiveness. This concise SpringerBrief on Vitamin C and Cancer presents the latest findings on how vitamin C induces apoptosis. A high concentration of vitamin C allows for ascorbate to generate hydrogen peroxide in tissue that can selectively kill cancer cells. Research has confirmed that high-dose vitamin C is cytotoxic to a wide variety of cancer cell lines, and that it also boosts the anti-cancer activity of several common chemotherapy drugs. Vitamin C also does more than just kill cancer cells. It boosts immunity by stimulating collagen formation to help the body wall off the tumor. It inhibits hyaluronidase, an enzyme that tumors use to metastasize and invade other organs throughout the body. This concise and up-to-date Brief is geared towards cancer researchers and scientists, as well as physicians interested in the basic science and the translational potential of vitamin C in cancer therapeutics.

The AACR Annual Meeting is a must-attend event for cancer researchers and the broader cancer community. This year's theme, "Delivering Cures Through Cancer Science," reinforces the inextricable link between research and advances in patient care. The theme will be evident throughout the meeting as the latest, most exciting discoveries are presented in every area of cancer research. There will be a number of presentations that include exciting new data from cutting-edge clinical trials as well as companion presentations that spotlight the science behind the trials and implications for delivering improved care to patients. This book contains abstracts 1-2696 presented on April 17-18, 2016, at the AACR Annual Meeting.

The AACR Annual Meeting highlights the best cancer science and medicine from institutions all over the world. Attendees are invited to stretch their boundaries, form collaborations, attend sessions outside their own areas of expertise, and learn how to apply exciting new concepts, tools, and techniques to their own research. Part A contains abstracts 1-3062 accepted for the 2017 meeting.