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The Museum’s Collections document the fate of Holocaust victims, survivors, rescuers, liberators, and others through artifacts, documents, photos, films, books, personal stories, and more. Search below to view digital records and find material that you can access at our library and at the Shapell Center.

Market square in Krakow, circa 1936

VS, market square in Krakow, fruit and flower vendors hawk their wares. LS of a row of covered market stalls. VS of buildings in the city. A group of young women on a tour of one of the buildings. All are in uniform. LS of the courtyard of an ornately designed building that may be an art school, according to Julien Bryan's original shot lists.

At 01:13:07:15 the scene in Krakow ends, followed by 18 seconds of an outtake from the staged scenes of a Polish peasant family.

Julien Hequembourg Bryan (1899-1974) was an American documentarian and filmmaker. Bryan traveled widely taking 35mm film that he sold to motion picture companies. In the 1930s, he conducted extensive lecture tours, during which he showed film footage he shot in the former USSR. Between 1935 and 1938, he captured unique records of ordinary people and life in Nazi Germany and in Poland, including Jewish areas of Warsaw and Krakow and anti-Jewish signs in Germany. His footage appeared in March of Time theatrical newsreels. His photographs appeared in Life Magazine. He was in Warsaw in September 1939 when Germany invaded and remained throughout the German siege of the city, photographing and filming what would become America's first cinematic glimpse of the start of WWII. He recorded this experience in both the book Siege (New York: Doubleday, Doran, 1940) and the short film Siege (RKO Radio Pictures, 1940) nominated for an Academy Award in 1940. In 1946, Bryan photographed the efforts of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Agency in postwar Europe.

The Julien Bryan Collection of films, photographs, documents, and artifacts was purchased by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum from Sam Bryan and the International Film Foundation, Inc. on February 12, 2003.

Note

Detailed preservation notes from the film lab are available in Film and Video department files.Additional photographs are available in the USHMM Photo Archives.

Record last modified: 2018-08-08 16:29:32
This page: https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn1003636

Also in Julien Bryan Collection

In the 1930s, the American filmmaker Julien Bryan chronicled life in Poland and Nazi Germany. When Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Bryan risked his life to record the ferocious siege of Warsaw, “People might not believe my story if I told it in words when I returned to America. Everyone would believe my pictures.” Bryan embraced this philosophy throughout his career by aiming to further world understanding through documentary films. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum acquired the Julien Bryan Collection in 2003. As an archival consultant and film researcher in the 1980s, Raye Farr, the founding director of the Museum’s Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, rediscovered Julien Bryan’s film heritage and brought some of his extraordinary images to the attention of the documentary film community. Over the next decade, she worked closely with Julien’s son, Sam Bryan, the Executive Director of the International Film Foundation, and former Museum Archivist, Regina Longo, to assess and inventory the collection, particularly focusing on the original materials covering Poland and Nazi Germany. Sam Bryan officially donated his father’s rich body of works related to World War II to the Museum in 2003. Since then, the Museum’s Film and Video Archive, Archives, Photo Archives, and Conservation departments have worked diligently to preserve and further document the collection. Together, we have truly rescued Julien Bryan’s film from the dustbin of history and are able to shed new light on the experience of people struggling to defend themselves from Nazi persecution and to rebuild their countries and their lives. The film portion includes 141 reels of motion picture film, including the most pristine version of the documentary Siege.

Marshall Plan parade in the Netherlands. Marching band and elaborate floats process while spectators line streets. Float sponsored by Dutch airline KLM passes, followed by one proclaiming "Thank You Marshall" with girls dressed in white. CUs, marching band members. Dutch flags posted on apartment buildings, spectators watch the parade from their apartment windows, street traffic.

INTs wire factory (ECA slates throughout). Various MSs and CUs of interiors, workers, and equipment. 01:04:07 Multiple takes, at end of shift, worker takes his bicycle and rides it around the EXT of the factory building past other employees. INTs, factory. CU, woman in window talking to someone below. Different shot of EXT of building with bicycles parked out front, same worker rides one. City street scenes, busy intersection, buses, man on bicycle passes by (multiple takes), traffic. CUs, man. EXT, factory with smokestacks (minor film damage).

Procession of automobiles arrives at church, spectators line the streets. Women greet officials, shake hands. Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt in a flowered hat is welcomed by state officials. INTs of church, Mrs. Roosevelt speaking from podium, clergy seated in formal dress for the official visit. Mrs. Roosevelt exiting church with a bouquet of flowers and officials. CUs, spectators welcoming Mrs. Roosevelt. Procession of priests and academics. Horses with buggy, jovial elderly man. CU, woman with camera.

INT, women sitting at tables and sewing clothing in a large room. A woman walks through the room with two shirts. A woman stands in front of a mirror in a dress that a seamstress is adjusting and pinning. CU, book of fashion. A designer sketches a dress. CU, Singer sewing machine. Camera pans over a city street in Russia, closes in on a sign on a building (in Cyrillic). INT, large group of women sitting around a table. Garments hang and rotate from mirror panels on a wall. CU, high heels as the camera pans up the body of a woman trying on a dress. INTs, women work at sewing machines. CU, fashion magazines. SEQ: Women in fashionable dresses walk down stairs and model for a small group of people. EXT, beauty parlor. INT, room of people being groomed. Wall covered in pictures of Joseph Stalin. In staff lounge, men play games, look at books, read newspaper. More grooming/setting hair.

INT, shots through a window of a window washer. EXT, city scenes from a moving tram. EXT, men digging up a road. Cows pass a barn. Young boys put potatoes in a bucket. CU, trams drive by, a busy town square. People board and exit a tram. Men read newspaper board. Various shots of little children. Man meticulously shines a woman's shoes. Street scenes. CU, fish in a tank. Storefront. Rowboat on a river. Men buy beer from a stand in the square. CU, statue of a rearing horse and a man holding the lead. Postmen deliver mail. Peasants/farmers shovel and load hay. Storefront of a housewares store. Young salesgirl/vendor sells something on the street. Elaborate Russian Orthodox church. Military vehicle. Construction on buildings. Crowd of people stand outside a storefront waiting for a performance of musical puppets. Eyeglass shop.

Man operates a movie reel projector, children watch and cheer the movie. Boys swim in a pool and cheer each other on. Man sings to a classroom. Man plays piano. Boys play basketball. CUs of Czech language booklets. The Charles Bridge in Prague. Young men learn how to play basketball. Large buildings in Prague. CUs, signs for the YMCA. Men stop and read sign, then enter the building. A group of people in a room sing together and perform hand motions to the song. Camera tracks backwards over Charles Bridge. The Prague Castle. CUs, basketball players. More city scenes of Prague, streets, buildings. A woman pours tea. Boys dive into a pool. CUs, St. Vitus Cathedral and statues on the Charles Bridge. Men ride an open elevator. Boys. Newspaper. Girls exercise in a gym. A young boy points to pictures on the wall. Eating in an apartment. Boys in pool. Shots, street scenes. INTs, men in lounge, talking and reading, CUs pictures on the wall.

This is an incomplete version of the film "Siege" and does not have Julien Bryan's soundtrack.
Warsaw 1939. Julien Bryan introduction to camera. Civilians digging ditches, constructing blockades, dead horses. Poles washing outdoors in makeshift homes, food lines. Bundles of belongings on baby carriage. Poles walking with bundles. Interior - damage to Kodak film laboratory where Bryan's films were being developed. Fires, church destruction, priests, relics, etc. INT, hospital damage. Open field, women gathering potatoes, injured by strafing of Luftwaffe planes. Poles gather in front of town ruins, VAR CUs, people in distress.

A very brief sequence in an unidentified prison in Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1946. MS, from low angle. An inmate cleans a tile floor on his hands and knees with a wet rag and a bucket of water as a guard watches over him. The guard is in the foreground of the shot, and is seen mainly from the waist down, as a coat and a pair of boots in shadow. The inmate is in the background, and his figure is well lit.

EXT shots of the YMCA building in Prague (called YMKA in Polish). VS: reconstruction of buildings in Prague. INT: VS: young adults/university age students; a reading room; CU of books on the bookshelves (Polish titles); MS: a group of young men socialize in a dormitory room, pictures of dignitaries and a poster of Prague hang on the walls; CU of a professor's classroom door. Inside the classroom, English lessons in progress, female teacher. VS: CUs of the students in class and at a social gathering.

INT, Pancraz prison in Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1946. MS of a guillotine. The working of the machine is being demonstrated by a Czech prison guard in uniform to two men in civilian dress. The three men discuss the machine at some length, the footage is silent, and there is no record in Julien Bryan's shot lists that indicates why this action was shot, who these men are, and why they are watching this demonstration and discussion.

CU on the book "Beyond Tragedy" by Reinhold Niebuhr. A woman holds the book and turns several pages in the book. EXT, VS Prague, buildings under reconstruction; town square; EXT of the YMCA;CU of sign that reads: "Polska YMCA"; adolescent boys coming out of the swimming pool in their short, tight trunks, lots of horseplay and other things popping up. 01:04:40:11 to 01:05:02:00 Young men and women gathered in a hall for a social, and then seated to watch a musical performance; band on stage, several cuts back and forth between musicians and audience. 01:08:25:20: Swimming pool, the boys how to dive with a coach, VS, CUs of the coach positioning their bodies, shot from behind, then seen in reverse angle from the front, shot from the opposite side of the pool; more horseplay in the pool. 01:09:54:20: return to concert/recital; CUs of audience members; English lessons at the YWCA with a female teacher.

EXT, VS of Prague, large municipal building, trolley car passing through frame, etc. Prague prison guillotine shadow sequence; CU of a prisoner who scrubs the floor; recital hall in Prague, young men and women are gathered for a performance and social. VS of young boys and girls lining up for tickets, then VS, CUs of them inside a theater, laughing and smiling, watching a film? Stage show? VS, CUs of the children lauging and enjoying themselves during the performance. INT, VS, young men at a large cafeterias style table, eating,drinking and horsing around. Very lively, footage. Women setting up drinks and sweets for the boys. VS, posters, charts and graphs on the wall at the Polska YMCA. Music recital, woman plays piano, hand painted sign above stage reads: "E. Grieg 1845-1907, sulla Peer Gint, Trabka G. Bizel Puzon Walloinia Tuba, suita L'Artesienne". There is a large microphone at the piano, it looks as if the performance could have been recorded, although this footage is silent, and no known soundtrack exists. Pianist gets up, takes a bow, conductor introduces trumpet player, french horn player, and trombone player.

01:23:52:01: Beginning titles of the Julien Bryan film "The Invisible Bridge". Credits read as follows: A Julien Bryan IFF Presentation, written by Basil Beyea, narrated by Arnold Moss, Edited by Joseph E. Dushock and Edward H. Powick. These credits are followed by more credits for the Far Eastern Expedition crew and the European Expedition crew; END credit runs, then cut to EXT, low angle CU of a cathedral; a shot of man in his prison cell, viewed first through the door's peep hole, and then by opening the cell door entirely, he sits in a chair, arms folded, looking at a wall, then scrubbing the floor.

This series of outtakes features adolescents (both male and female) in the mountains in France playing volleyball and other sports, dancing, singing and engaging in various outdoor activities at a youth camp. The exact location of this camp in France is not known. In the BG several tents are visible on the hillside. This footage has obviously been staged for the camera. The camera slates between takes indicate that this production was done in conjunction with the YMCA, which explains the focus on youth and their healthy development; the footage was most likely intended for use in an informational/documentary production for the French to encourage a return to routines of daily life that existed before the war.

New York Harbor, new arrivals to America. DPs from Europe, they are not all Jewish DPs, but they are all war refugees. VS, the ship named US Army Transport General WM. Black. Tracking shot of ship's arrival to NYC. Refugees and the crew of the ship wave to the camera as they enter the harbor. VS of New York harbor and the Statue of Liberty.

This series of outtakes features adolescents (both male and female) in the mountains in France playing volleyball and other sports, dancing, singing and engaging in various outdoor activities at a youth camp. The exact location of this camp in France is not known. In the BG several tents are visible on the hillside. This footage has obviously been staged for the camera. The camera slates between takes indicate that this production was done in conjunction with the YMCA, which explains the focus on youth and their healthy development; the footage was most likely intended for use in an informational/documentary production for the French to encourage a return to routines of daily life that existed before the war.

EXT, relocation of DPs and war refugees. Filmed in Linz [see US army truck with Linz painted on the back.] VS, camp from various angles. LS establishing shot of a large crowd of displaced persons- men, women, and children, milling about outside of a barracks-like building (processing center). MCU, refugees in smaller groups, talking to each other as they wait for entrance to the building. Some look directly at the camera, several avoid it. These are many groups of extended families. Julien Bryan's notes do not indicate the ethnicity, nationality, or religious preference of the DPs, but they are probably a mix of ethnic Germans, Poles, and Jews. There are several young children and babies in the group, as well as an amputee, and even a small dog. At the door to the processing center a man with an armband slowly lets small groups of people enter as he eats an apple and talks to another young man.

INT, processing center for IRO (International Relief Organization). Families line up at desks where young men and women review their identity papers, create new documents, and arrange for them to emigrate to North America (Canada, United States), and various countries in South America. They are fingerprinted as well. VS, CUs of the refugees talking to the IRO workers. Expressions on the faces of refugees range from terrified to elated. 01:03:23:28 CU of a set of identity papers being created for a young woman, and her fingerprints being imprinted on the back of the paper. The same action is now viewed in a MS, where the young woman's family is visible as well. Footage has been staged for the camera in order to capture the entire process.

INT, A Yugoslavian family is seen in their own quarters at the DP camp (staged). The extended family is gathered around a woodburning stove in their makeshift home, UNRRA crates serve as their coffee table, and a tapestry hangs on the wall in the BG above the metal frame cot. One of the young men packs his suitcase as all the family gathers round to view their newly created identity papers and make plans for the future. One of the women is making coffee on the stove. VS, mostly MCUs of the family members passing around the documents to have a closer look. CU of one of their passports from Yugoslavia. MS of the family back at the processing center. They gather around a table with two IRO representatives, one who represents the Venezuelan mission, the other who is a medical doctor, responsible for documenting the health of the émigrés. The Venezuelan mission representative locates Venezuela on a large map of South America for the family, as they look on and ask questions. The doctor examines a chest X-ray of another family member.

INT, MS, IRO refugee processing center. Several displaced persons gather around the Canadian representatives at their desk at the processing center (staged). The two representatives answer questions from the group, made up mostly of young men, and a few young women. MCU, two young refugees talk to the representatives. EXT, LS, DP camp in Linz, Austria. Refugees gather with their belongings to begin their journey to Canada. VS, refugees helping each other close and label their luggage for the journey. The refugees load into open trucks in order to make the trip to the train station. At the train station all the belongings are loaded into the railcars. Children getting into the railcars with their families to begin a new life. The refugees speak to each other, to the IRO staff that are helping them, and to the camera. Several CUs of crates bearing the names of individuals and their final destinations.

Bremerhaven, Germany at the port of embarkation. US military personnel mill about, arranging signs, helping DPs with luggage, guiding the refugees through this stage of the emigration process. They are on their way to the United States, a large painted banner on the docks reads: "Welcome to the first DP Emigrants to the US, Bremerhaven Port of Embarkation" Refugees board the ship (the General Wm. M. Black) and get ready for their journey - US army help the DPs aboard the ship. Everyone seems very happy, even the children, some have looks of bewilderment on their faces. All are in overcoats, carrying luggage, and they have name tags/ ID tags on their clothing. 01:00:40 and 01:03:40 -- Another banner over the deck of the ship reads: "Ship to freedom." Press and camera crews are visible; a military band plays for the event. As the DPs board the ship, US Army man directs them from the top of gangplank: men are sent to one side, women and children to the other. The passengers wave from the ship's deck to the camera, the camera follows the ship as it heads out to sea. The ship moves out of sight. VS of dockworkers at Bremerhaven loading and unloading other ships and barges with raw materials.

Bremerhaven, Germany: CU of Julien Bryan's name written in chalk on the side of a railcar, he used this as his camera slate. Port: MS of part of the ship the "US Army Transport General William M. Black," passengers wave from the deck of the ship to the camera, a banner on the lower deck of the ship reads: "America Welcomes Its New Citizens," camera pans to upper deck of ship where a banner reads: "Ship to Freedom." The passengers and the US military aboard the ship wave to the cameras. New slate, Salzburg, Austria: US Information Center on a buys street corner. Austrian civilians gather to look at the window displays featuring information about industry and farming in the US. Scene shifts to barge along a river in Austria. New slate: Bremerhaven, Germany: DPs getting off the trains from the first leg of their journey, US military police are patrolling the train platform, young women with their luggage and their ID tags pinned to their coats line up for the camera and then move along. VS of DPs and MPs feet as they move along the train platform. Teenage boys (refugees) waiting in line to board the ship, looking up at the ship that is out of frame, their ID tags are attached to pins that say; "US Committee," they are followed by a group of older ladies, a man with a camera around his neck moves out of the way of the movie camera. VS of refugees filing off of trains and towards the ship. Good CUs of the children, the press, etc. at the port as they get on board the ship. US military cameramen are visible in some shots as well.

EXT, Warsaw in ruins in winter 1946/1947 on a bright sunny day. Damaged buildings. Good close shots of Poles entering and exiting a Catholic church. The doorway is marked in Polish with "Wejscie do Kosciola"[the entrance to the church]. Some men in Polish military uniforms. Longer shot of the same area showing the church steeple, patrons, ruined buildings, electronic rail lines above the streets.

Reel 3A
Cemetery, tombstones. Women placing flowers and candles at graves. MS, cemetery with men, women, and children. Wooden crosses flanked with miniature Polish flags and flowers. Official military burial with flag-draped coffins, Polish soldiers, wooden crosses/wreaths, and a priest. Cut to Catholic church in the ruins of Warsaw. Poles exit and enter through an underground entrance marked in Polish with "Wejscie do Kosciola"[the entrance to the church] (Photo Archives W/S 46323). MS, Warsaw street scenes in ruins.

Reel 3A
Animated map. Goats grazing in brick ruins. Man approaches a gravesite with flowers. LS, overview of massive destruction in the city of Warsaw - bombed buildings. MS, then CUs of the monument in the former Warsaw ghetto to Jews who died in the 1943 uprising. HAS, construction site, rebuilding Poland, river in BG, crane. VAR views of schoolchildren walking along the sidewalk and playing at school. HAS, policeman directing traffic (pedestrians, automobiles, trams, horse/buggy) with Warsaw in the distance. School. Shop amidst ruins (pile of bricks). CU, shop sign (bookstore). Large building adjacent to new construction. Children walk to school. CU, shoulder patch of a Danish soldier. Reconstruction of Warsaw from a moving vehicle. CU, architectural model of Warsaw. INT, classroom, a priest lectures to boys and girls seated at desks. AS of vehicular traffic. A man sells wares on the street, a girl buys ice cream. Pan, Warsaw. Polish military teens pass wooden crosses along (assembly-line style) at a cemetery. Closer shots of bombed buildings. Now in a village, CUs of Polish children - looking at camera, digging in the dirt, and eating dumplings. Mountain-side views of the town, a man dressed as a bear stands along a sidewalk greeting villagers. High shot of open jeep with people entering a village, boys performing a drill, woman doing laundry in her yard, bucolic mountains, and three pedestrians. Quick shot of "Fryzjer" [barber] sign, followed by ruins of Warsaw, shells of buildings. People look out "window" in shelled building, woman with a water pail, children playing in ruins, geese, Julien Bryan's car, ruins located adjacent to the river, children playing games.

Reel 3B
Julien Bryan shows his book "Siege" to Poles in Warsaw, looking to find people he photographed in 1939, including priest Father Wlodarczyk, photographed in 1939 with a broken portrait in church ruins (Photo Archives W/S 47239). VAR CUs of Poles gathered around Bryan. Small church. Julien Bryan with a female interpreter, Christina Cekalska, in front of a sign for the National Theater. MS, Apolonia Wiktorzak, who was photographed in 1939 holding a loaf of bread, now 65 years old (Photo Archives W/S 47371). Longer view of the group crowding around Bryan and Apolonia in front of their homes in the Polish countryside. Two children on city street walk toward camera. LS, St. Alexander's Church in Warsaw with a crowd at the entrance. LS, man walking along road with three children, a cyclist, and a building with façade under construction. JB and Christina look at National Theater posters. Catholic mass spills onto church steps, closer shots, children, crowd kneels. Bryan with translator shows "Siege" photographs from 1939 to more Poles. Tram stop. Market, fruit and vegetable stands, balloons. MS, grand building, Hotel Bristol, where JB and other foreigners with neutral passports assembled on Sept. 21, 1939 immediately prior to getting out of Warsaw. Pedestrians pass front windows of the hotel. Cut to another intersection, and then another with people entering a travel agency and CUs of posters of Budapest and an international music festival in the windows. (Building is the one JB photographed in 1939 with sandbags and "Wagonslits" sign in Photo Archives W/S 47396). Traffic and pedestrians cross a bridge, Polish flags hang from the posts, homes in BG. View from afar of a train crossing a bridge and the city along the Vistula river. Three nurses look at photos of a bombed hospital from "Siege" book, the shots that follow include Julien Bryan in the frame. The nurses (Sisters Zurawska, Helena, and Genowefa) remembered the day when the maternity ward of the Catholic Hospital of the Transfiguration was bombed in 1939, which JB photographed (Photo Archives W/S 47210). LS, MSs of the new city hospital with 800 beds. Man on crutches. Another view of tram traffic on a bridge and Warsaw.

Reel 7A. Colorful flowers. Mother sitting with children on a park bench in Warsaw. New housing in Warsaw. Reconstruction. Steel mill. Workers leave mill through gates. Cranes at work, INT coal burning. INTs, Julien Bryan with Jozefa Drzewowska (age 72), photographed clasping her hands in prayer in 1939 and used on the cover of "Siege" (Photo Archives W/S 47403). Jozefa's daughter and grandchildren. Julien Bryan with Apolonia and village children distributing contents of a CARE package. Apolonia Wiktorzak was photographed in 1939 holding a loaf of bread, now 65 years old (Photo Archives W/S 47371). He gives Apolonia a scarf and fur jacket. Jozefa stands at the doorway of her apartment building while her daughter and grandchildren exit (repeated shots). Farmland in Poland. EXT, café with patrons in Krakow. Market, Barbican stairs, crowded square and church. HAS, beach. MS, castle of Polish kings (Wawel) in Krakow, closer view of tourists. Visiting Auschwitz concentration camp, visitors walk under "Arbeit Macht Frei" iron gate. LS, amusements along river - children playing. INTs, CU, woman praying at Catholic mass. INTs, nursery school, cute toddlers at play. EXT, patrons sit at café tables (again), talking, smoking. Flower stalls at the outdoor marketplace.
Reel 7B. CU, red metal sign for a medical clinic in Warsaw. HAS, repeated LSs, of the city of Warsaw from a lookout tower. Series of sequences with Mrs. Waclawa Ladziak, her daughter Janina, her son-in-law Eugeniusz Motyka, and her 3 year old grandson. Mrs. Ladziak was photographed with her infant daughter Janina by Julien Bryan in September 1939 crossing a bridge with their belongings to escape Nazi bombing (Photo Archives W/S 47230). INTs, apartment, Janina brushes her hair and puts on makeup at a vanity, books arranged for camera, bookshelf, radio. Her husband shaves. CUs, Waclawa with her grandson, looking at a family photo album. EXT, Kazimiera Mika's small house at 2 Dalibora in Warsaw. Kazimiera was photographed by JB in 1939 mourning the death of her older sister, who was killed in a field in Warsaw during a German air raid (Photo Archvives W/S 50897). CU, Kazimiera's son Andrew meets his father, a tram driver, on the sidewalk and walks into their home. Janina (seen earlier) and her husband walk through Warsaw, looking at posters, looking at newspaper article on "Siege" photos from 1939, including the photograph of her as a baby. The family then walks across a bridge (recreation of the 1939 scene). CU of Jozefa (seen earlier), praying in field adjacent to the small church. JB with Jozefa and the priest, small church in BG. Large group of schoolchildren walk along a road with their teacher. MSs, Julien Bryan talks to Ryszard Pajewski (now a truck driver) who he filmed in 1939 (boy sitting in rubble, Photo Archives W/S 31324). Of this encounter in 1958, JB wrote "he remembered my gray suit." Children at the school playground, playing with toys outdoors, putting on coats, dancing in a circle. Big building in the city of Warsaw, street cleaning, traffic. Outdoor marketplace, CUs of vegetables. A different shot of school-children crossing the street. Balbina Szymanska (mother of the twins killed on September 5, 1944) with her husband and children standing on a pile of ruins in Warsaw, some with JB. Balbina was photographed immediately after giving birth to twins at the bombed maternity hospital in 1939 (Photo Archives W/S 47218). JB shows a crowd his "Siege" book, next to his automobile. Good CUs of Poles. Brief shot of Stefan Radlinski (in light jacket) shaking hands with a Polish civilian. He was JB's interpreter during the siege of Warsaw in 1939.

English intertitles. Film taken prewar. Bridge. City streets and important buildings in Warsaw. A modern country: pedestrians reading newspapers, posters advertising arts and culture, vendors, trams, tall buildings, man with balloons and schoolchildren, storefronts. Cherished old quarters of Poland with ornate signs. Marketplaces - women selling flowers. City parks - women with baby carriages, CUs. High-rise apartment buildings and other modern housing structures. Jewish quarter, including arched street made famous by Roman Vishniac, geese transported in a wooden cart, the market in Krakow, Finkelstein shop and its owners, two religious Jews gesticulating in the street, and teenage students. A zinc refinery - factory and workers, zinc plates created and moved. Private residences in the mountains of Poland - wealthy couple and dog. Peasant workers with dogs and cows. A farm village, horses generate electricity for cutting hay. Peasant family - INTs of home, cooking, eating bread. Woman weaving. Livestock and farmers. CU, village children in school in southeastern Poland, playing ball outdoors, toddlers in kindergarten coloring, with abacus, learning grammar. Children weaving in the classroom, CUs. Boys engage in wood carving and sculpture in the classroom. Gdynia port with ships docked to export coal and lumber. Loading barges. Lumber yard. Railway, train, train driver.

Reel 3A
Winter 1945/1946 or 1946/1947 In Gdansk (Danzig), destruction to buildings along the river in the city, reflection in the water. Building EXTs with German-language signs (iron factory, restaurant, etc). [VQ- still frames in places where there are technical problems from Bryan's camera and poor processing.] Cut to elder couple walking toward camera among ruins. Three men digging in a pile of bricks. Repeat of earlier two sequences in black and white.
August-September 1958 Village scenes (poor image color and quality) in Poland, geese in water, tractor and farming.
Winter 1945/1946 or 1946/1947 Return to city (Danzig?) with shells of buildings. CU, inscriptions and signs. CUs, posters. In Gdansk (Danzig), destroyed buildings, Deutschebank, streets with ruined buildings.

Credits. EXT, bridges in San Francisco and Germany. Bridges at war - soldiers and tanks, bombings. Repaired bridge in Manila in October 1946. Views of damage to buildings in Manila. Children and young people in Manila, food shortages. YMCA services. 01:06:36 Boys club meeting of the YMCA outdoors in Manila. Baseball game. Damaged Y building. INTs, woman cooking in her home; her family eats. Student accommodations. Vocational training - repairing an automobile. Boxing match. Amateur night (musical performance).
01:09:55 Cathedral in Prague. City scenes, some buildings with damage. Two men enter the YMCA building. Boys swimming in pool and playing basketball. Prison. INTs, guillotine. CU, Miloslav Kohac (?), a YMCA staff member and prisoner during World War II. He scrubs the floor.
01:12:55 HAS, Shanghai city in 1947. EXT and INT YMCA buildings. Training men with new vocations in a woodshop. Other YMCAs in China that were destroyed. Children eating at daycare centers and preschool classrooms.
01:14:43 Pile of rubble in Warsaw, Poland, children at play. YMCA building, children enter and play games. Adults eating in a cafe. Boxes of UNRRA supplies are lifted off a ship and distributed. Map animation displaying the locations of damaged YMCAs in need of repairs or young people in need of rehabilitation. Narrator explains the importance of fundraising for the World Youth Fund to help Y staff or others in need in Poland, Philippines, China, Czechoslovakia, and elsewhere, against a landscape of shots of people seen earlier in the film production.

VS, preparations for church in Lowicz, Poland. VS of the procession (likely for Easter Sunday) of townspeople, all in traditional clothing, to the church. They are led by the local clergy and several carry banners as they process through the streets. VS of the young children dressed in their finery, two flower girls sprinkle the path to the church with flower petals.
Polish highlanders march from the church through the Polish village of Witów, in Kościelisko Commune, Tatrzański County. The priest visible in the middle wearing a dark cassock and elaborate hat is then parson of Chochołów parish, Kazimierz Rzeszodko. MCU of a group of elderly men from the village talking and smoking. LS of three young boys running about on a farm.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

EXT, man hammering, a destroyed building in BG. Men work among ruins. Pancraz prison in Prague SEQ (postwar): CU of a prisoner scrubbing the floor; CU, guillotine shadow; three men stand in front of the gallows and discuss. Men work among ruins. CU profile of man who cleaned the prison floor in earlier scene. Games on a table. A woman and a young girl speak with each other in a library. Children play soccer on a snowy field.

Women exit a building. CU sign "Polska YMCA". People file through a hallway looking at posters, checking their coats. Boys stand in front of a doorway. Doors open to reveal a classroom of teenagers learning the English language. Man conducts an orchestra. CUs, the listening audience. Coach instructs swim team how to dive properly. Boys swim and play around, file into a locker room.

HAS, Polish army parading through the streets of Warsaw, the cannons are drawn by horses, tanks roll by, men sweeping debris, motorcycle troops: this is a sign/prelude to war. Massive crowds line the parade route. LS, a large number of civilians walking around on a field, there are Polish military regiments lined up along the field, buildings are visible in the distance. All the regiments were rounded up on the field and then marched from the field through Warsaw. MS of dignitaries at the reviewing stand, everyone is wearing top hats, including President Moscicki. HAS, military parade. The parade review stand, dignitaries, both military and civilian, hob-knob with each other, salute and review the marching troops, etc. Good profile shot of Field Marshall Edward Smigly-Rydz, he is flanked by the President and the Catholic official Cardinal Hlond. Soldiers marching. Crowd of young women in traditional dress lining the parade route. A woman is selling flags with the eagle crest insignia of Poland. More regiments march by the review stand while officers salute. Tracking shot of soldiers parading. Polish planes fly over Warsaw as part of the ceremonies. A courtyard, Polish dignitaries and soldiers in uniform, flags, people assembling. Cameramen document Marshall Smigly-Rydz (in profile). HAS, two men walk on the red carpet in the courtyard. Troops waiting to begin the ceremony, then entering the courtyard with rows of chairs set up for the event, reviewed by President Moscicki. MCU he tips his hat to the Field Marshall, looks very stern, does not smile. Soldiers stand at attention. Ceremony continues in the courtyard with President Moscicki, there is a bust of Pilsudski on a pedestal on the red carpet. VAR HAS of the ceremony, with motion picture and still cameramen running around to catch every angle. Photo of Polish leader displayed in shop window next to shoes. Polish cavalry crosses a stream, snowy field. HAS of the ceremony in the courtyard. MS of another shop window displaying proudly military regalia and photos of Polish leaders. Several additional shots of the ceremony with Polish troops being reviewed and marching, the arrival of Smigly-Rydz, and President Moscicki speaking. WS, official building in Warsaw. Soldiers in courtyard. Planes flying overhead. Several additional shots of the ceremony. CU, Smigly-Rydz with scepter shakes hands with another officer.

Mining factory. INT, very dark, man fuels fire. Men shovel into the fire. A train with bars of coal drives by. The coal mining compound, INTs, EXTs, LS. CUs, signs warning of electricity and gas. Shots of the machinery and process and workers. 01:08:10 People boarding a train. Men sitting outside on break, smoking. Men at their lockers preparing to leave.

INT, broken windows and broken glass. Men outside shovel the glass from the windows of the American Consulate. Soldiers walk by the camera in city. Women milk a cow on the side of the street. Debris from destroyed buildings. People, refugees, destroyed buildings in Warsaw. A crowd surrounds a vehicle. CU, license plate. A plane in the sky. Destroyed American Consulate building, and other bombed buildings.

EXT, school. INT, children in the classroom learning geography; pictures of buildings/bombing they drew. Different kinds of dried and canned food (supplies from abroad). Women prepare food in the school's kitchen. Students serve lunch to the rest of the class.

EXT, building. INT, Tito walking into his office. He sits, smokes and looks through papers. A man walks in to show him a folder. Men meet in a large room, smoke and review papers. CU, map of Yugoslavia. Tito walks through his garden and around a sculpture, followed by a dog.

Train cuts through snowy mountains. LS, town in distance, and body of water at base of mountain. Storefront with Cyrillic sign. Crowd of people stand around a building looking at news. CUs, photographs of current events.

(Color) CUs, weaved crafts. 01:00:37 Displaced persons (DPs) on a transport sponsored by the IRO. DPs get off a truck with luggage and board a train. Handwriting on the side of the train says "US emigr. via Bremen." DPs lean out the windows of the train to look at the camera and talk to IRO officers. Uniformed men and women with badges stating "IRO", "US Committee", and "USCOM." DPs wave and the train departs. CU, luggage. 01:04:35 Blurry footage for three minutes with more takes of men, women, and children boarding the train. Wide views of the train station. 01:07:22 Two official men stand at a microphone next to the train and read from papers, a crowd listens. DPs hang out of the train windows and wave goodbye as the train departs.
01:08:42 A large group of adults sit outside and listen to an instructor. A young woman writes a Walt Whitman quote in English on a chalkboard. Small groups read books together outside. Multiple takes - seems staged. Young couple walks next to a building. DPs walk under a sign banner that reads "Church World Service Language Institute". 01:13:32 The students line up on the stairs outside the church as an instructor reads to them. CU, another CWS sign. CU, students reading. WS, CWS campus.

Polish country scenes, horse-drawn wagons, farmer. MCU of road sign "Zduny 6 km, Lowicz 17km." Preparations for the Easter holiday. Townspeople are dressed in traditional, central Polish folk costume. People are transported in the back of a wagon, riding bicycles, walking to church. General activity surrounding the day's religious festivities. Two young girls in traditional dress, walking towards church, horses with wagons parked in the town square, a young girl with a full head of curly blonde hair that is being braided and combed by her mother and her sister. Church. VAR, EXTs of the elaborate procession.
01:16:44 EXT of newly constructed school house and the schoolyard. INTs of schoolhouse with kindergarten age children after performing on a small stage, sitting at tables with their teacher, drawing. INT, posters. VAR, children learning grammar, studying, using an abacus, etc. EXT, girls play dodgeball in the school courtyard, all are in traditional peasant dress, with large, full skirts and scarves cover their heads. More country scenes, peasant women, farmers picking potatoes, tilling the soil, farm equipment. Comic scene with an older man at a grain mill driven by a horse. Quick shot of a farmer filling a horse drawn wagon with hay. Back to the comic scene, the man is seated on the ground, the arm of the mill that the horses are churning comes closer and closer to his head until it knocks his hat off, a quick series of CUs of this action, the man smiles for the camera.

In Wittenberg, MS, church where Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses. Inserted title: "To the political leader, the religious doctrines of his people must be inviolable!" -Hitler in "Mein Kampf". Subsequent title: "Nazis praise, dead 400 years - but in 1938 Germany's new Luther, Martin Niemoeller, is in prison." In Eisenach, EXT, "Luther-Haus / Lutherkellar." Women on street in front of building. MS, ornate lightpost, CU, Luther tablet engraving on side of building. 01:00:34 MS, HJ boys marching in line in front of church, piles of dirt/rubble in FG. CU, inscription/art above church door. Man opening doors to church.

LS, St. Thomas Lutheran Church [this is famous Protestant church where Sebastian Bach played and led choir] in Leipzig, pigeons flying in FG, patrons enter and exit via stairwell. Nurses. Bach Museum in Eisenach, building set off street, German women conversing, Bach-Museum sign, another shot of EXT of museum.

Funeral/memorial procession in Berlin, men in uniform marching in city streets, large wreath carried at front. Huge parade/military review, marching band, spectators line the streets, bus passes in BG. Guard stands with rifle in doorway German War Memorial (columned building); CU, boots. LS, small crowd gathers at memorial, building with columns seen in LS. EXTs.

In Adolf Hitler Platz in Nuremberg, Germans salute/heil en masse for the Party Congress, soldiers marching in BG are barely seen, VAR shots of spectators heiling. LS, parade with flags. View of spectators in windows (some flanked with Nazi flags and flower boxes). Closer shots of parade with swastika flags, drummers, crowd saluting. Hitler arrives, salutes crowd from middle of square. More goose-stepping. Close shots of Nazi elites in uniform. In crowd, brown shirt purchases hot dog and bun from a female vendor. More LSs of Nazi elite, including Goering, Goebbels, Hess, and others standing in middle of Nuremberg's square. Movie cameras set atop automobiles. More soldiers parading, BDM walking in FG across square, crowd saluting, BDM handing out paper bags of food to official guests (seated). 01:07:09 EXT, clock tower figurines (the 12 apostles) turn at noon. Seen from rear, crowd salutes in stadium stands at the Nazi Party Rally; pan down to bookstore built in the stands. Swastika prominently displayed on church. Men salute from the stands. Men gather in front of book store to see poster advertising Bavarian clergy, including Bishop Faulhaber. In city square, swastika prominently displayed on church, crowd salutes, soldiers marching, more shots of Germans saluting. 01:09:07 Airplanes in review at Nazi Party Congress, land demonstration, cannons, etc. Crowd looks up at planes, salutes, land review, fighting, crowd. 01:10:04 Nazis with foreign diplomats/representatives (possibly Spanish & Italian fascists), VAR CUs. Marching band and soldiers parade out of tent camp where the 20,000 men camp while they march at Nuremberg, preparing food for military in tent camp, soldiers receive portions of beef in canteen.

Entire clip intercut with titles, beginning with "Education in Germany today". BDM girls exercising in a circle, running, and practicing the javelin throw. Younger girls walk along a country road in Saxony, stake a flag, eat lunch, read, nap, and perform silly skits. According to a transcript of Bryan's film lecture on Nazi Germany in the U.S. in 1938, this is a country road from Nurnberg to Dresden in Saxony. This particular compilation of trims may have been compiled for screening at one of Bryan's public lectures.

The 1937 Reichsparteitag (Reich Party Day) at Zeppelin Field in Nuremberg. Grand views of the decorated stadium with thousands of participants and spectators. Flags. Adolf Hitler greets the crowd from an open car. BDM girls in the stands, many heiling with hands outstretched. Nazis march past Hitler. Military review of airplanes and tanks.

Classroom shots of the Goldschmidt school in Berlin, which was created when Jews were no longer allowed to enroll in public schools. Interiors with students at desks writing and a female teacher. The pupils include Stella Goldschlag, who passed as Aryan during the war and reportedly betrayed Jews in hiding, and Trudi Goldschmidt (01:05:16 the blond girl with braids in profile view), the daughter of the school's founder, Dr. Leonore Goldschmidt. Outside the school during recess, students play and move around the yard before returning to the classroom. Good CUs of teenage boys and girls as they enter the school up the stairs. Inside, Margot Segall, the girl in a plaid dress, approaches the blackboard and conjugates the Hebrew verb "to ask". A male teacher helps her.

A courtyard, rows of chairs set up for an event, Polish soldiers in uniform, flags. Soldiers stand at attention, watching more people assemble, someone sweeps a red carpet, the courtyard fills, pressmen jump around, receiving line is ready, motion picture cameras and still cameras, cameramen running around to catch every angle as dignitary begins to review the troops. Polish planes fly in formation overhead. Arrival of Smigly-Rydz. 01:14:35:16 MCU he tips his hat, looks very stern, does not smile. Ceremony continues, he passes on the scepter to President Ignacy Moscicki, there is a bust of Pilsudski on the red carpet on a pedestal. White horses, Polish cavalry in their Pilsud hats, etc . VS, streets of Warsaw: shops windows are decorated for the important dignitaries, photos, ribbons, military regalia: the entire city of Warsaw celebrates and venerates their leaders.

Highlights of this reel of decomposed footage include: Army Day at Nuremberg Nazi Party rally; Cologne cathedral; night time stadium performances in Nuremberg; army cook preparing food for the crowds; youth flight club launching a glider; scenes of the Obersalzburg and its passengers on an airstrip; trains moving through the countryside.

Warsaw: Architecture, establishing shots, statues, etc. VS: A building with ornate detailing and bas relief designs and embellishments on it.MS: a woman feeding bread to pigeons, an open square, people move through the area. Different angles on the same square. INT, a dark vestibule in a building, a woman enters and a man exits the building to the bright light of day. The open doorway is the only illuminated part of the shot. Return to the town square, then to surrounding streets, balloon vendor, shops, etc. LS of a palace in Warsaw.

A sequence shot in the Warsaw nightclub "Adria". VS of the crowd, the bandstand and stage with dancers performing. Patrons dancing on a revolving stage, lively scenes of musicians and patrons enjoying themselves for the evening. MCU, daylight scene- a park in Warsaw, a toddler wheels around a baby in a carriage. VS of baby carriages and families in the park. MS, a woman boarding a bus at a bus stop in Warsaw. MS, a horsedrawn carriage passes a palace in Warsaw. The same building is seen in RG-60.4156, on USHMM Film ID 3015 but in LS.

Lowicz, Poland, 1936: Preparations for a religious holiday. MS, young girl with a full head of curly blonde hair that is being braided and combed by her mother and her sister in preparation for the ceremony. The entire town seems to be taking part in the celebration. VS of the elaborate celebration. The scenes inside the church seem to under cranked, causing the scenes to move at a faster than normal speed. INT church shots end at 01:09:36. EXT, VS of the procession through town.
01:10:41 Brief cut to a different location, probably a city. Bride and groom exit an automobile and enter a church. The bride is wearing a striped woolen skirt characteristic of the area around Lowicz, Poland. Most of the women and men are dressed in more contemporary clothing, men with ties and hats. CU of the bride and groom entering the church, the groom takes off his hat, and guests follow.
01:10:52 Return to Lowicz with high angle shot of the festivities for Easter Sunday. Townspeople are dressed in traditional, central Polish folk costume. Townspeople riding bicycles, horse drawn wagons, etc.

Warsaw, Poland 1939: Refugees on the streets of Warsaw, VS of people in the immediate aftermath of a German air raid. CU: a young woman is very uncomfortable with the camera on her, she holds her hand to her face, her expression is between a smile and despair, she is trying to remain composed for the camera. MS, a woman carries a bundle of all of her belongings wrapped in a blanket on her back as she flees from her neighborhood on the outskirts of Warsaw's city center that has been under attack by the Germans. 01:12:17: Dead horse, covered in lime, being dragged from the middle of the street by a group of men. VS of the dead horse, very unpleasant to look at, a symbol of the agony of the city. Polish refugees on the move, several families, VS of men, women and children, against the backdrop of a crumbling city, many are heading to makeshift shelters after their homes have been destroyed. 01:13:33 Julien Bryan with the people of Warsaw, standing in the rubble with them, a crowd gathers and they are all cheering for him, shaking his hand, giving him food, etc, Bryan smiles somewhat awkwardly and turns for a moment to the camera. NOTE THERE IS A PROBLEM WITH THE SPEED OF THE FILM HERE. THIS SHOT IS RUNNING AT SLOWER SPEED, MOST LIKELY THE CAMERAMAN WAS OVERCRANKING THIS SHOT. BRYAN DID NOT HAVE HIS USUAL CAMERA CREW WITH HIM ON THIS TRIP. THE CAMERA IS MOST LIKELY IN THE HANDS OF AN INEXPERIENCED CAMERA OPERATOR. BRYAN HAD A POLISH INTERPRETER AND ASSISTANT ASSIGNED TO HIM BY THE MAYOR OF WARSAW. 01:14:35: More scenes of the wreckage in Warsaw; bombed out rail cars, smoldering power lines, destroyed market, etc. A soldier surveys the wreckage at the rail yard. VS of soldiers walking through wreckage. VS of the destroyed hospital in Warsaw.

Zlakow Koscielny, Poland (near Lowicz) 1937: images of small town life in this central Polish town. INT: kindergarten age children playing and performing a circle dance on a small stage under the direction of their teacher. VS, children studying, EXT of newly constructed school house and the schoolyard. Images cut back and forth between school children and townspeople going about their daily routines. EXT: girls play dodgeball in the school courtyard, all are in traditional peasant dress, with large, full skirts and scarves cover their heads. One girl is barefoot and has her head uncovered revealing two long braids. Excellent footage of the girls playing. 01:03:55:00: INT MCU of a male instructor at a blackboard. VS of women farming, horse drawn wagons full of hay. 01:05:36:28: MCU of road sign" Zduny 6 km, Lowicz 17km. More country scenes, peasant women, farmers picking potatoes, tilling the soil, picking and cleaning turnips (the turnips are very large), a young boy and his father sit in a pile of turnips cleaning them and preparing them for market; alternates between the scenes of farming and INTs of schoolhouse with children studying, using an abacus, learning grammar, etc. Comic scene with an older man at a grain mill that is being driven by two horses, the man is seated on the ground, guiding the horses andd the arm of the mill that the horses are churning comes closer and closer to his head until it knocks his hat off, a quick series of CUs of this action, the man smiles for the camera. This footage is beautifully rendered and paints a very charming and peaceful portrait of life in this region circa 1936/37. The images of the children are particulary touching.

The first days of September 1939, Warsaw, Poland under siege: MCU of German soldiers who are prisoners of the Poles, talking, smoking, cutting one cuts another's hair. It is believed that the soldier who is seated in the shot is a German Jewish soldier, according to Julien Bryan's accounts of this footage. This is NOT a confirmed fact. VS of destruction; people climbing over rubble, looking for their belongings that may remain in the wreckage of their homes. A young boy with a pet canary in a cage that survived the bombings. CUs of the dead and wounded. A woman plants a memorial of branches and twigs at a makeshift grave. LS of a plaza in Warsaw, two men with armbands walk across the plaza.VS of the streets, people gathering in doorways, talking to each other, unsure of what will happen next. 01:10:53:16: children and women gathered in a doorway, quick cut to more rubble, several quick shots of refugees looking bewildered; CU of an overturned pushcart; civilians talk and point nervously with soldiers; citizens brigades in the street standing guard;CUs of posters, anti-German propaganda. A very quick shot of refugees walking toward a large municipal building with all of their bundles, civic buildings were now serving as shelters. LS of citizen soldiers; people filing into a large building; VS from a rooftop to the street below: busy street, Red Cross bus drives down the tram tracks in the middle of the street; young boy handing out leaflets; streams of men with their belongings. 01:13:15:22 people in the streets looking nervously over their shoulders as they go about their daily tasks worrying when the next attack will come. 01:13:25: INT, church sequence: church in Warsaw that has been damaged by German bombs (under-cranked, low light).01:13:51:15: Sandbagged corner building in Warsaw. MS, women, children, and soldier on the street, a mother fixes her child's hair; LS, from rooftop of a large bomb induced crater. VS in and around the crater that is surrounded by people and soldiers surveying the damage.

Folk dancing in Zakopane, Poland, 1936. A group of male and female folk dancers perform a series of circle dances in full costume in an open field. It seems to be an exhibition, staged for a small local audience or perhaps simply for Julien Bryan and his camera crew. Bryan did film several circle dances throughout his travels, as a sort of comparative study of folk dances throughout the world.

Street scenes, streetcars, bicycles, automobiles, people on the move, traffic cop in busy intersection at the crossing between the Old Town and the Freedom Monument Plaza in Riga, Latvia. 01:00:35 The Latvian Freedom Monument, the letters inscribed on the monument read: TEVZEMEI UN BRIVIBAI [To Fatherland and Freedom], a soldier stands guard at the base, pan up the same monument to the statue of a woman holding 3 gold stars above her head. This is the Freedom Monument in old town Riga. Side street with a view of Riga Town Hall Square, a woman is cleaning the street with a hose and water. LS of the river Daugava and ships docked at the Riga Commercial Port. Riga Castle (the President’s palace). 01:01:32 LS of Riga Old Town from the Stone Bridge with trolley and pedestrian traffic, St. Peter’s Church in the BG, closer shots of civilians walking across the bridge. Men review “Subscriptions and Advertisements” for a local newspaper. Man on a pay phone outside of Agrobank of Latvia, VS, CUs of the man on the phone. Street scenes, daily life, with the candy factory, “Laima” shop.

Danzig, street scenes: streetcars, buses, supply trucks, shops, Poles going about their daily routines as the Germans move in to Danzig. 01:04:12:00 LS of trolley traveling down tracks in the center of the street. Nazi insignia and flags are visible everywhere, in every window of every building, most buildings have multiple flags displayed; continues with more street scenes of the entire street full of Nazi flags and banners. CU of sign for Adolf Hitler Strasse. MS of Hitler Youth, three young boys pose for the camera and smile; more shots of all the Nazi banners, German soldiers, etc; 01:06:17:24 MCU of sign that reads: "1937 Kreisparteitag Langfuhr" large field being prepared for a Nazi party rally. A large Nazi insignia is being constructed of wood at one end of the field. A crowd of people wait to enter an unidentified location. VS of the docks of Danzig, horses being loaded onto ships. VS of boats in the harbor, a captain aboard his ship, etc. Footage is excellent quality, but the images are often quite static, however they provide an impressive look at the Nazi Party's effective use of signs and symbols and their 'silent' seizure of power in Danzig.

Horseback riding in mountains, a group of men and women together at a table on a terrace, eating. LS of country home, nurses seated at a table on the terrace, examining the woman, they ask her questions, write down her responses, etc. They seem to be bourgeoisie on vacation in the mountains.
** This reel has an incorrect title, because the can for this reel was mislabeled; this is actually footage from the early 1930s, shot in Georgia, in the Caucasus Mountains.

Peasants baking bread, harvesting grain, going about their daily lives in this rural, mountainous region. This footage is stunning. Julien Bryan himself is featured in this footage. He traveled at this time with the noted anthropologist Maurice Hindus and a group of Princeton University students on a journey through Russian villages. Several of the students can also be seen in this sequence. They traveled with local guides, with horses and mules through the mountains. VS of their local guides, the mountains, children and women in the villages, sifting grain and baking flatbread, local men herding goats on the mountainside. Julien Bryan and one of the locals try to learn each other's language by writing down words and letters and exchanging pieces of paper. VS, beginning with a MCU of a pig and her suckling young. Good views of the traditional dwellings that are built into the mountainside, getting water at the local well. The sequence ends on a charming scene of two young boys eating fresh picked cherries from their baskets, their mouths are covered with cherry juice, as they continue to eat the fruit and smile for the camera.
** This reel has an incorrect title, because the can for this reel was mislabeled; this is actually footage from the early 1930s, shot in Georgia, in the Caucasus Mountains.

Scenes from the Giesche Zinc mine and refinery in Katowice, Poland, circa 1936. VS, INT near the furnaces, women sorting ore before it is smelted, the conveyor belt from the mine shaft, the molten ore being poured into molds. 01:02:06 Workers' jackets hanging from the ceiling of the factory near the light fixtures. EXT, LS, workers exiting the factory, some get on their bicycles others leave on foot. Many workers are young, and smile for the camera. INT, workers filling the molds used for the molten zinc ore. EXT, LS of the countryside in south central Poland. VS of the rural village and the inhabitants. Woman in traditional central Polish folk dress, carrying a basket of flowers walks along a dirt road. EXT, LS, zinc refinery smokestacks are seen in the BG from behind a row of small homes, most likely the factory worker's homes. Gardens and fallow fields are visible in the FG. EXT, LS, unknown location, a large brick multi-story building on a street corner, ducks are walking about on the lawn in front of the building. MCU, children look out a window from the brick building and catch the gaze of the camera. EXT, LS, zinc refinery, ducks are visible waddling across the lawn in the BG.

INT, CU of a man wearing a uniform with an elaborate hat, a fez with a large plume and a metallic embroidered emblem in the center of a hammer and anvil. He slowly removes the hat. Cut to a CU of a framed painting of a woman or man in medieval dress, holding a chalice in one hand and a sword in the other (biblical painting?). Zinc quarry with a CU of a worker drilling into the rock. EXT, MLS, two nuns lead a group of kindergarten age children from a schoolyard onto the street (a rural dirt road). The children file out and smile at the camera. INT, MS, inside the classroom, the young children area seated around a table, stringing beads as a nun walks around the table monitoring their activity. VS of the children engaged in their classroom activities. INT, MS, a one room apartment, a woman at the stove. VS, of the woman with her family, husband and two children in the kitchen area of the room. The young boy adjusts the knob on a radio, the father sits at the table waiting for his food, and the girl sits on the bed until the mother calls everyone to the table for soup. EXT, CU of a young girl talking to a young boy, it seems to be the same boy and girl that were just featured in the dinner table scene. The girl turns to look at the camera.

EXT, VS depicting daily life in south central Poland, near the town of Katowice. Young children, women and men in traditional central Polish dress with large hoop skirts, head scarves, and woven blankets/shawls. The women walk down a dirt road in the village past rows of small houses. The men gather together, talk, and smoke, etc. The men harness their horses to a cart, an old woman gets in the cart, and it drives away. VS, several CUs of the faces of the villagers. Lfe in this farming community, young children playing, men getting water from the central well, a young girl riding a bicycle, etc.

Two orthodox Jews arguing in the street in the Jewish quarter of Krakow at the main market square at the intersection of ul. Sw. Jana and the Rynek Glowny. They lean close to each other in a heated conversation at the door. Street scene in the business district in Krakow, many pedestrians, kiosk, people looking at bookshop/newssatand window. Man walking around with a sign advertising the film premiere of the 1936 American film, and Oscar winner, "Anthony Adverse." Scenes of shops and shop windows, crowded streets full of men, women, children, baby carriages, automobiles, etc. A quick cut to St. Mary Church in the old market square in Krakow and fruit market. In Jewish quarter, Orthodox Jewish men, traditionally dressed, yeshiva boys, horse cart driving away. Poster advertising comedians Dzigan and Schumacher in the BG - the show was on display from May to November 1937.

Bombed out multi-story YMCA building in Warsaw, Poland. Several workers chip away at the concrete structure, others collect and stack bricks from the rubble. Another worker examines window frames for damage. (This footage may be 1939 or 1946, please see notes section for further information on this discrepancy). MS, low angle, a man and a woman walk down a bombed out street in Warsaw, toward the camera, snow covers the ground. VS of the destruction in the city, civilians mill about the streets, with torn, threadbare clothing, there are some Polish military personnel in these shots as well. Poles board a street car, young children purchase flowers from a street vendor. INT: men and boys inside what seems to be YMCA club-they are in a café, reading newspapers in English and Polish, and drinking. EXT: low angle a view of the bombed out Deutsche Bank building. The camera pans the sign, and then cuts to another building, also damaged. EXT: the locations shifts to Danzig: where we see more destruction of that city, along the canals, etc. CU of a bombed out building in Danzig with German signage above the entrance. Scenes at the port in Danzig they echo Julien Bryan's 1937 footage shot in this city, however now the entire port is in ruins. The banks along the canal are crumbling. INT: Young Polish boys play checkers at a shelter/community center and read "Zycwe Warszawy", CU on checkerboard with pawns in play. The boys compare stories in the newspapers; the camera focuses on a political cartoon of a man with a caption underneath him that reads: "Pacifista". Three boys put a puzzle together in the corner of a room, seated at a round wooden table. Scene quickly cuts to INT, high angle, a warehouse that is storing UNRRA supplies. Two men go through wooden crates and hand out clothing and home supplies to women and children. INT: boys playing board games and pool. INT: young women are lead in a series of calisthenics in a large gymnasium. The instructor is male. VS, close-ups on the various young women as they perform their exercise routine.

Children playing in the rubble in the streets of a destroyed, unidentified city. It may be Danzig, it may be Warsaw, or it may be another Polish city. Bricks from fallen buildings are piled high alongside the street, children pick up sticks and whatever they can find and play with the bricks. Vs of the countryside, a pointed roof house, ducks and geese swimming in a pond, men driving tractors across a field (this footage may be circa 1939, it may be circa 1946, please see notes field). VS of the fields being plowed. CU on the men driving the tractors, the wheels of the machine, etc. EXT, back in the city, a sign on the corner of a building reads: "YMCA", with an arrow pointing in the direction of the YMCA. More shots of destroyed buildings, piles of rubble, young boys clearing up more rubble as men, women and children walk through the streets. Two Polish soldiers walk boy carrying paper parcels under their arms. EXT of the "Polska YMCA", men, women and children enter the building. INT, young boy in a tattered scout uniforms and other tattered clothing put together a puzzle, others play with a model airplane. EXT: snow covers the ground, more destroyed buildings, quick cut to the blueprints for a building. EXT: women sit on folding chairs and wooden crates outside the door to a building, they are beggars. People give them money and they smile for the camera. EXT: a cemetery, several people are in the cemetery laying flowers on graves. A large memorial, Polish soldiers burying their war dead, line up alongside coffins of their fallen comrades, a priest blesses the coffins. The men pass white wooden crosses down the line of soldiers; these crosses will soon mark the graves they are digging. The coffins are put into the ground. EXT: cows in a pasture, a few quick shots of peasant.

Warsaw, Poland 1939, the German siege of the city. LS, a man walks down a deserted city street lined with buildings that are crumbling as a result of the German air raids the camera pans right to capture more of the destruction to individual buildings. CU a Polish propaganda poster encouraging the Poles to fight back against the invading German armies, depicted as a large hand and a swastika. LS, more destruction. A city street is blocked off by a train that has derailed in the center of the street. A Polish soldier stands guard while several civilians help to dig ditches and build barricades. MLS, Polish civilians drag dead horses off the street. Ten men are needed to harness and remove one horse from the road. CU, a fire burning in rubble, a neighborhood destroyed by the German air attacks. Men and women, residents of the area mill about in the debris, gathering what they can salvage from the wreckage. MS, filed on the outskirts of Warsaw where a woman lies dead in the field, caught off guard by German planes while she was picking potatoes. Two women walk past her, her head is covered with a basket, the two women look briefly at the camera, then again at the body, they point to something out of frame, and then move on. Another woman approaches the body then continues on. MS, the camera pans the body again, that Julien Bryan has identified in his book "Siege," a young boy sits on the ground near the body leaning on a burlap sack of potatoes, a destroyed farmhouse is visible in the BG. VS, women and children working the land in the field near the site of the attack, they continue to dig up potatoes. MS, Julien Bryan in the center of the frame, surrounded by a group of Polish civilians who have survived an air attack on their homes. The camera pans the scene of the destruction as Bryan listens intently as a man recounts what happened at the site. MS, a woman continues to explain the attack. CU, an elderly, emaciated woman tells her story directly to the camera. VS of the women recounting the events. Excellent CUs of the Polish people. The footage cuts back to the potato field on the outskirts of Warsaw, two women are crying as they look on the body of the dead women, whose younger sister has now appeared to claim her, the young girl, Kazimiera Mika, kneels beside the body crying helplessly. Cut back to a scene of people kneeling outside of a destroyed church and praying. A credit now appears that reads "THE END." This credit belongs to the film "Siege."

Daily life in the Jewish quarter or Krakow. Two men conducting business in a dark doorway. 01:15:05:26 MS of four orthodox Jews walking down the street in Krakow, they look to the camera, and move on. They pass a man with a movie camera. (This is not Julien Bryan; probably Jules Bucher, cameraman who accompanied Bryan in Poland in 1936.) MS of three orthodox Jews on a street corner talking to each other, across the street in BG there is a sign for the shop "Salomon Diamant"- a men's clothing store [duplicate footage on USHMM Film ID 3001]. CUs of the religious Hasidic men talking and walking around the quarter; VS of one of the men putting his hands in front of his face, VS of people looking suspiciously at the camera, an angry passersby. Two Hasidic men talking in square with R. Beck sign in BG. Store workers moving a display.Older, poorer orthodox man, scenes of the old market place. Market place (LS) with synagogue in BG. Jewish man turns away from the camera. Elderly lady buying a chicken and putting it in her shopping bag- talking to the woman selling it, young dark haired girl in the market. Other streets of the Jewish quarter in Krakow, man selling balloons outside the Hotel Muller (sign on wall plaque next to doorway).
In Warsaw, streets of the Jewish quarter, religious Jews walking in the street, scenes of a funeral, for Marja Steinberger who was 70 years old- a funeral announcement is filmed in CU at 01:17:18:17. The names of relatives, etc. are listed on the announcement.
Return to Krakow, old market square in front of the synagogue with the chicken vendor. MLS, Interior courtyard sequence, with young Jewish children clearing brush, preparing for the harvest festival of Sukkot beneath the archway made famous in an iconic Roman Vishniac photograph. CUs of Jewish teens laughing and talking, in forest.

Scenes in Warsaw as General Smigly-Rydz becomes Field Marshal of Poland. The dignitaries arrive at the parade review stand. Press camera corps photograph the event, which includes officials shaking hands, Smigly-Rydz close-ups, marching soldiers, and troop reviews. Massive crowds of bystanders. 01:20:44 A woman sells Polish flags with the eagle crest insignia. 01:21:03 CU profile of Smigly-Rydz flanked by two Catholic officials, including Cardinal Hlond, whose antisemitic pronouncements at the time fueled longstanding anti-Jewish attitudes among Polish Catholics (see more of Hlond in RG-60.4016). 01:21:20 Polish planes fly over Warsaw as part of the ceremonies. 01:21:49 Tanks parade down the street, the cannons are drawn by horses. Another shot of planes flying in formation overhead.

CU of a baby in a carriage. MLS, from high angle, babies in Saxon Garden (Ogrod Saski) in Warsaw, with their mothers and/or nannies. The building with arcs is the former Saxon Palace (Palac Saski). VS of the scene in the park, babies as far as they eye can see. 01:23:45:20 CU of one baby in a stroller that stares directly at the camera while eating, followed by the mother madly rocking her baby, VS of very sleek looking, shiny, new baby carriages. Cut to group of young school children touring the medieval city wall of Krakow.

Snow in Zakopane. Traveling shot from the funicular in the Zaprowy (Tatra) mountains at Zakopane. This is where the Poles would go to ski. VS, panoramic shots of the countryside. The funicular travels over the village- a few shots of villagers below, then more snow and mountains. The gondola approaching the top of the mountain; MCU gondola operator, CU on the gears, another shot of it approaching the end of the run, from a slightly different angle- people disembarking. VS from the gondola, shadows of the gondola along the mountainside. 01:03:08:25 Someone in a bear costume in the village teasing passersby, VS with young girl and young man fighting the bear, etc. Back to the sky cab and the pretty mountain scenery. A woman in a scarf in MCU appears briefly in the frame; more mountains.

Turnip and potato planting and picking in the fields of Zakopane. VS of the farmers; young boy herding cattle, and folk dancing. Folk dancing scenes are shot at a faster speed than usual, and therefore the image is slowed down considerably. VS of circle dances, couples in elaborate folk costumes dancing circles around a wooden cross.

Warsaw street scenes. VS of architecture; street cars, newspaper kiosks, people milling about, but more of a focus on the bustle of the city, traffic cops, buses, cars, etc. 01:13:35:00 MCU of a woman and two boys, the woman most likely runs the kiosk, sitting on the ground reading the papers with the two young boys. MCU of a woman purchasing something at the kiosk. Large group of young women on an outing, all are wearing overcoats and berets, VS of new building construction, Julien Bryan's notes mention shots of the Parliament building and the higher army court; an open truck full of men in suits drives up to this new building, they all go inside. Street scenes in Warsaw- MS of a black man talking to another man on the street- in a shopping district. More shots of this new looking, yet classically inspired piece of architecture with rounded façade, columns, and bas relief designs. Polish police officers walk past the building. VS of a bridge between two buildings, workmen finishing the plaster work, the sign in front of the building advertising the construction company confirms the location as Warsaw. 01:16:25:00 More scenes of construction, however this building is not as large as the other building, this is a wood frame structure, and workmen unloading cement block materials from the truck; cut back to the other building featured a few shots earlier. 01:16:49:00 LS, busy street corner with several advertisements for Polish products- it is raining, people carrying umbrellas in the BG, cars, horse drawn carriages, people waiting for the street car in the rain, several shots o the rain on the umbrellas.
Sign at 01:17:04:27 reads: "Najwyzsy Sad Wojskowy; Prokurator Przy Najwyzsyzm Sadzie Wojskowym". MS well- dressed women, some in fur coats, looking in a shop window- display not visible from exterior. 01:17:14:00 MLS a memorial procession through the streets of Warsaw, wreaths, a horse drawn carriage with a coffin inside- the shot is too quick to catch the name on the banner, the pall bearers are dressed in very elaborate uniforms.

Scenes of country life in Zakopane, Poland, staged for the camera. Peasants cutting bread and vegetables, interior of a house, woman cooking, weaving, man enters the house and makes the sign of the cross, all are in traditional folk dress. VS, inside a church, CUs of icons. The subject shifts to a different scene: MLS, following a man in the woods, out to hunt birds with his rifle over his shoulder, camera pans up to bird's nest. A woman meets him under the tree- the man talks to her about a gun as they sit on a bench under a tree, there is a religious icon hanging on the tree. The couple frolick in the countryside. This is listed by Julien Bryan as "Estate in winter, man and wife with dog and gun."

A quick series of trims featuring zinc mines in Katowice, Poland (Silesian region). The mine featured is the Giesche Zinc Mine and Refinery. VS in the mine, cars full of zinc being loaded and guided by workers, using levers to control the cars as they travel along the rails in the mine. CUs of the cars and zinc ore. Images are slightly underexposed due to the fact that filming was done in low light in an underground mine.

TRIMS featuring a train that has stopped at an unknown station in Poland, the train picks up several passengers: men, women, and children, and continues along the tracks slowly out of the station. CUs of passengers in the train cars, LS of a conductor at the edge of the train platform monitoring the loading and unloading of passengers. There are two trims that feature signs along the platform which could aid in identification of the exact location, but they are in the BG of the shot, and not completely legible. The first trims shows a MS of the train, attached to electric cables pulling into the station, passengers wait with paper wrapped bundles under their arms. A row of tall buildings is visible in the BG, it seems to be a busy business/downtown area in this unidentified locale.

TRIMS feature a range of MCUs and CUs of locals in Katowice, Poland (Silesian region) in 1936. The first two CUs are of a worker from the zinc mine, on break, drinking water from a metal cup. The next few trims feature a farmer in the region churning a grain threshing machine, with CUs of the mechanism at work. The rest of the trims feature older men of the town, wearing traditional dress (heavy coats with fur collars and some embroidered details), they stand around smoking and talking to each often staring intently at the camera.

TRIMS depicting a variety of activities in daily life throughout Poland in 1936. The first two trims are MSs of a street corner in Warsaw, a police officer conducts traffic between streetcars, motorcycles, automobiles and horse-drawn wagons. The street is busy with people. The third trim is a low angle MCU of a religious procession in Lowicz, Poland, featured are clergy and townspeople. This is followed by two trims of a building under construction in Warsaw, workmen construct wood frame, cart materials around the site in wheel barrows, as a foreman barks orders. The remaining trims feature ships loading and unloading in the port city of Gdynia, Poland. VS of the ships and the cranes along the docks.

TRIMS beginning with a quick glimpse of store fronts in the Jewish quarter in Krakow. This is followed by several shots of architecture in Warsaw, then a CU of an incense burner in a Catholic procession in Lowicz. The scene then returns to Warsaw: street scene, kiosk, poster advertising a theatrical performance. MS, policeman on horseback, using the horse as crowd control, people are gathered. CU molten zinc being smelted in a furnace at the Giesche Mine and Refinery in Katowice. LS, Gdansk, establishing shot along the waterway. MCU and CU of dockworkers in Gdynia, loading materials onto ships for transport. There is a lumber yard at the docks. Staged scenes of a village family in Zakopane, Poland. Men and women are present, cooking, eating, talking, doing household chores. CUs of bread and cheese being cut and served. MS, Katowice, workers exiting the mine. CU of elevator in operation going down to mine shaft, workers exit elevator into mine. VS of the miners at work, chipping away at the walls of the cave with pick axes, etc. Return to CUs and MCUs of Catholic holiday procession through the streets of Lowicz, followed by a quick glimpse of a paddle boat docked alongside the Vistula river in Krakow. The Wawel castle is visible in BG.

TRIMS not connected by subject matter.
EXT, VS, a new schoolhouse in Lowicz, Poland, scenes in the schoolyard, children playing. EXT, VS, three young girls walking down a dirt road, followed by horse drawn carriage, a church steeple is visible in the BG in Lowicz. EXT, MLS, large estate in the Polish countryside. EXT, MLS, group of men at stable, Lowicz, Poland. INT, Zinc refinery in Zakopane, Poland. CU of molten zinc being poured into molds. EXT, MS, young women in peasant dress line parade route in Warsaw. EXT, CU, shop windows in Warsaw. EXT, VS, Polish cavalry on maneuvers. EXT, VS, M. Finkelstein's haberdashery in the Jewish quarter of Krakow, Poland. EXT, country estate. EXT, Young women in peasant dress line parade route in Warsaw, Poland. EXT, Train station in Gdynia, Poland.

Opens in 1946- Warsaw, Poland, snow covered ground and destroyed buildings; military vehicle and electric bus pass by one of the destroyed buildings, cut to horse drawn carriages going down these same streets.
01:01:00:00 The destroyed DEUTSCHE BANK, a horse and carriage move through the frame. More destroyed building facades.
01:01:20:24 1946, Warsaw, Poland, MCU of a young boy making the sign of the cross at a cemetery. VS of wooden crosses and grave markers (name placards) for the dead, several names and dates listed: 1941, 1942, etc. Men, women and children pay their respects; children place flowers and candles at the graves. CUs of women crying over the graves. CUs of graves. The last indicates someone who died in Auschwitz.

This sequence was shot on the night of September 16, 1939, during Rosh Hashanah. The German invasion of Warsaw, Poland had begun over a week before, but they intentionally set the Jewish quarter of Warsaw on fire during the holiday. Bryan did not have any external lights to illuminate the action while shooting this event. If the viewer looks closely they can make out the outlines and shadows of the inhabitants of the Jewish quarter in bucket brigades in the foreground of these shots trying to save their homes, their lives, and their livelihoods. The quarter was destroyed that night.

01:03:45 Men digging in the aftermath of the German military air raids on Warsaw. Several refugees with bundles walk down the street, past where the ditches are being dug. Polish soldiers stand guard; civilians come up to them and question them. Scenes of the chaos in the streets after the German air attack. Two young men are recruited by a Polish soldier to help with the digging. They are all in suits and ties, some in trench coats and hats, and they keep digging.
01:04:18 Railway underpass, a train stuck on the tracks that are now covered with debris, women and men climb out of the railcar and over the debris. Polish soldiers with guns walking through the streets. Many civilians are milling about. Quick shot of a bridge over the Vistula River.
01:04:33 A shanty town that some survivors have set up where their homes once stood: families are trying to gather together their belongings; a young girl cleans her feet in a basin; young girl fixing her hair in a small mirror that she has propped up on a broken door. Refugees line up for bread outside a building, a soldier guards the door trying to keep things orderly.
01:04:57 CU of a wall riddled with bullet holes. Other buildings destroyed by bombs. HAS of church clocktower. People praying on their knees in the dirt outside of the wood frame church, the church has been damaged. A priest walks through the rubble outside the church.

The bombed out Catholic Hospital of the Transfiguration, one of Warsaw's largest hospitals. A nurse and doctor make their way through a destroyed ward full of empty beds. Catholic statuary in the hospital, CUs of beds filled with rubble, a Virgin Mary statue on a bed, a palm tree. MCU of Julien Bryan speaking with one of the nurses at the hospital.
01:06:05 Quick shot of the destruction at the American Consular office in Warsaw. Shots of another hospital with a makeshift maternity ward in the cellar hallway. VS of the new mothers and newborns. CU, a newborn's head is bandaged. More shots of babies born around the time of the siege, including a shot of twin boys.
01:06:42 INT of Eastman Kodak Laboratory in Warsaw, two lab workers with 16mm film in hand, trying to clean the mess after it was bombed. Bryan rushed to this lab each day he was in Warsaw to immediately process his film of the German attack on the city. Bryan writes in his book "Siege" that one processing tank exploded, and luckily, his film was not in that tank.

Woman selling newspapers on the street. Cut to scene behind the American Embassy where, according to Julien Bryan's book "Siege", all the Americans were during the Siege. Scene of Americans practicing for heading underground during an attack, American flag in the ground, sand bags, etc. They are trying to string the flag so that it will somehow be visible from the air so that the Germans will not bomb them. Several of the men are wearing armbands. VS, sandbagging the American embassy in Warsaw. The men continue to point towards the sky, as they head underground, one man takes still photos. Another flag is draped on the roof of the building to warn the German planes.
01:08:24:00 Scene of destruction, birds take flight, INTs of the Catholic hospital, the nurses and mothers with newborn babies leaving the destroyed building. A baby carriage remains perched precariously on the edge of a bomb induced crater on the hospital grounds. VS of the nurses and nuns demonstrating the damage that was done to the hospital.
01:09:04:10 Chaos on the streets of Warsaw. Trucks full of sandbags, foot soldiers on patrol, refugees all about, piles of stones from destroyed buildings, men digging, more refugees crossing the Paderewski Bridge, soldiers continue to recruit able-bodied men that they find in the crowds of people coming over the bridge. MCU, On the bridge, a family with all their belongings, everyone seems to be smiling. Camera pans the group of refugees assembled there on the bridge, still in MCU, good CU of mother and daughter, then just of the little girl, staring intently at the camera, back to mother, then they pull out pictures of the little girl as a baby- they have all their possession with them. A man with a WWI military medal in MCU (part of the same family) more shots of this family- they have everything loaded on a bicycle. Soldiers patrol the bridge. MCU a woman carries a chicken, several other refugees. VS of people on the bridge, then more destruction along railway lines, and people swarming out of their neighborhoods.

Nazi party rally at Nuremberg, pan of stadium, regiments already assembled on the field; more still entering, an injured man is carried away on a stretcher. 01:06:45:00 Some MCUs on the young soldiers on the field, some look back at the camera, all are chewing gum--the bare-chested regiment-- Nazi "beefcake". MCU of the beefcake singing in unison. Cut to the young women assembled in another area of the field. VS of flags waving; military milling about the stadium. Scenes outside of the Anti-Bolshevik Exhibit (Antibolschevistische Ausstellung); uniformed Nazis with armbands line up to enter a building, several civilians enter as well (men and women). Officers push back some of the crowds-the lines are extremely long. The crowds calmly move back, many of the women are smiling. 01:09:03:00 On the occasion of Mussolini's visit to Berlin, crowds wait in the streets; a truck full of young men, the sign painted on the truck reads: BRAUHAUS NURNBERG. Motorcade through the streets begins, all are lining up to see the men of the hour who will soon arrive, waving and saluting the crowds, camera tracks Hitler's car in MLS. The shot and the reel end as Hitler rides out of frame at END.

Katowice, Poland, 1936. CU, worker takes off his mask as he exits the zinc refinery. MLS, camera pans down the refinery smokestack to reveal the entire refinery in the valley, full pan of the valley, and then back into the mine, miners hacking away at the rocks with pick axes. Shots of bubbling molten ore at 01:01:55:00. The workers leave the refinery, and head off to the church. More shots inside the mine, the cars full of zinc ore, etc. VS of the women sorting the good pieces from the bad. EXT, the miners emerge from the mine, head into another building at the refinery. 01:04:54:00 Workers leave the factory on their bikes; large engines turn inside the factory. 01:06:30:00 changes to scenes of the burning embers of the furnace: iris shots. A worker counts the smelting ovens/jets.

MS, traveling from a streetcar in Warsaw. Traffic officer on a pedestal in the middle of the street. Tree- lined streets. Sequence of modern shop windows in the city, including a fabric store, a clothing store, a food market, and a hair salon. 01:11:12 More street scenes of Warsaw, showing a kiosk full of advertisements and a flower vendor. There is a prominent announcement for a Chaplin film screening on the kiosk, and later, a sign in the distance for American actress Irene Dunne. People fill the sidewalks.

Two biplanes fly overhead, quickly returns to a scene of a large plaza, people milling about. VS, Warsaw street scenes, an occasional peasant is visible in the crowd, but for the most part they are all well-dressed city folk. CU of tram stop at 01:13:03:15: "PRZYSTANEK TRAMWAJOW MIEJSKICH" Inside the street car, passengers look out window, read, etc. CU of traffic cop in busy intersection at 01:13:16:00. More buses, cars, street vendors, etc. selling religious articles. Rainy day scenes in Warsaw, the same traffic cop we saw earlier is now in rain gear, and still directing traffic.

Children playing in the snow in Russia, exact location needs to be verified. Great shots of the children with their sleds, some on ice skates, etc. 01:02:15 MCU of 10+ children on sleds, getting ready to go down a hill in tandem, they start the line up and just keep going, very playful shots. CUs of young girl smiling at 01:02:33, then boy, then group of children.

EXT, LS of unidentified factory, quickly cuts to an INT scene in an orthodox church whre people receive communion, exact location and date, as well as the reason for the service are unknown; images of Russian iconography. EXT, church procession, large crowds are gathered outside the church. This is a different location and church than the church featured in the first scene of this story. 01:07:23:25 CU of a bearded Russian Orthodox priest reading from a book of scripture outside the church, the pages of the book are blowing in the wind. VS, several angles on the priest and the congregation outside in the cold and snow. The camera pans a sea of Russian peasant woman's faces; many are making the sign of the cross.

Rebuilding Jewish life after the war in Russia. Two rabbis put away Torah scrolls and pull a curtain with an embroidered Star of David closed. CUs of individual Jewish men praying. A larger group of men in prayer shawls gather for a service, and a cantor sings toward the end of the sequence. The exact location, date, and purpose of the religious service are unknown.

Russian children playing along a river that is frozen over. They are play fighting with each other and skating around on the frozen water. One boy has dug a hole through the ice and is searching for something in the water, the other boys gather round. Play sequence continues until 01:12:47:00 where the subject shifts to scenes of the rural countryside, the camera pans landscape: establishing shots, subject returns to children on the river playing and pretending to be sword fighters.

Austrian footage, c. 1948 in Linz, a factory town where several DPs were put to work and began rehabilitation postwar. Scene of men leaving the factory on bikes, some women, some children, and several Austrians (non DPs) are in the group as well. Another group of men walking from the factory, at the gate, exiting the factory grounds, there is a guard who checks them as they exit. Truckloads of workers also exit the factory- they are all seated in open military style supply trucks.VS, EXTs the factory in Linz, smoke stacks, etc. INT of the factory: men at work, VS. A rail car pulls up to the station. Metal is being cast, shots of the molten metal. VS, barges on a river, train heading toward the camera, then moving away from camera, factory sequence and pan of Austrian hillside.

VS in Linz, Austria: trolley cars, street scenes, etc. MCU people look at the camera as they board a street car. Street cars, motorcycles, bicycles, traffic cops. CUs at 01:22:00:00 of posters advertising film screenings and other events. Date on poster is August 1948. The film being advertised is called "Spuk" it is a joint US-AUSTRIA production, more posters for Folk festivals, and other events in September 1948, and another for "Funk Film." 01:22:23:20 Location switches to Salzburg, Austria. LS of the United States Information Center from across the street from this building, then moves in to CUs of the building, and the window display that features promotions for the 1948 Summer Olympics. CUs of young Austrian boys looking at the advertisements. A man looks intently at the weight-lifting photos; young men look at the information, CU on dollar amount totals of monies spent to rebuild Austria, etc, and plans for monies to be spent for this effort through March of 1949; maps; children reading the materials; a man in CU looking at a photo of Harry Truman.

Sequence of outtakes.
INTs of the 1937 Munich exhibition of "Degenerate Art" [Entartete Kunst] in the Archaeological Institute, not far from the house of German Art.
Visitors inside the exhibition are seen looking at art in Room 3, including Otto Dix's "War Cripples" on the north wall (CU). Paintings and sculptures located on the west and south walls of Room 3 are also shown.
Views of visitors and the art exhibited are to some extent different from that seen on Nazi Germany reels at the Library of Congress.

Sequence of outtakes. Park in Berlin, several people walk by, people sitting on wooden benches in the park, a child plays as an older woman looks on. CU of signs: Top: Citizens are asked to keep their dogs on leash. Bottom: "Die gelben Baenke sind fuer Jueden." [The yellow benches are for Jews.] VS of the park, but none that show the sign in context of park. (Olivaerplatz near Kurfuerstendamm) LS Airship hangar. Memorial for the fallen, Berlin. MS, Crowds assembled along the street. Wreath laying ceremony for Nazis (rainy day/overcast). Procession with dignitaries and military officers. Military band marches past. Troops with rifles and packs goosestep to monument. Honor guard with bayonets approaches mausoleum, with six large fluted columns. CU, guard, boots. Civilians walking in and out of the area. WS of the monument and uniformed men moving away from memorial. Onlookers, small crowd. Berlin street. Man reads sign posted by entrance to building, woman walks in front of the sign while walking her dog. The sign reads "Der Botschaft der Union der S.S.R. in Deutschland" [The Embassy of the USSR in Germany]. Also seen, repeated in Cyrillic. Shots of city plaza, facade of modern building. Views of streets and cars moving along. LS, entrance to mansion (embassy?) guarded by soldier with rifle. Signpost: "Wilhelmplatz" and "Wilhelmstrasse." LS: Autobahn construction: large crane, digger and dirt, rocks for construction, workers. VS: Berlin, Germany: public telephone booth, ornate facade of building in BG. Man standing under a tree near a phone booth. Sign on phone booth reads: "Fernsprecher" [long distance] and has a stamp dispenser. Activity in and around the booth. A man enters, aware of the camera, sign inside booth; "Fasse dich kurtz!" [Be Brief!].

Sequence of outtakes. VS, CUs of a brochure for the Goldschmidt Jewish School in Berlin, Germany. CU of a piece of zinc ore in someone's hand as they demonstrate the contours of the rock. CU of a propaganda poster with Hitler and past German leaders. CU of Julien Bryan's passport from his travels through Europe. He flips through page by page. CU of someone holding the newspaper DER STUERMER, featuring Anti-Semitic propaganda and caricatures of Jews on the front page. Several CUs of various pages of the paper, one showing caricatures of the Soviets, the Brits, etc. Ends on a CU of a caricature of a Jew.

A large barge on the Vistula River in Cracow, Poland, workers are barely visible on the barge, steering it around the river bank's edge. People visible along the banks in the BG. VS of Wawel Castle and architectural details; a man and women atop a vantage point on the castle looking down at the river below, more barges; VS of buildings viewed from the river, very picturesque. MS main marketplace. Schoolgirls marching along in uniform, and singing while carrying Nazi flags, VS, including one LS that follows the girls from behind and out of frame after they march past the camera.

MCU of two women, seen from behind viewing the merchandise in the window of a corset shop. All signage is in German. Two young girls look at an umbrella display in a shop window; shots from inside the women's clothing store to the street and people outside reflected in the windows. VS, along the water, views of the banks along the Baltic Sea; MS, traffic cops, men loading large bags onto ships. More street scenes in Danzig, men's clothing store with men doing some window shopping. High angle shot of newspaper boys on a busy street. Good scenes of daily activity.

MLS: town square, women and children are walking through the square. CU of bas relief sculptures on buildings, and a Jewish shop right below in this ornate building. CU of a street vendor blowing up a balloon. Warsaw: VS: park, statues, monument, women out strolling with their babies in fancy carriages. More street scenes, activity, shops, etc. MLS of trolley car as it approaches the camera, the sign on the car reads to Dworska Street.

A Christian funeral procession of an unidentified individual through Warsaw, several people walk behind the horse drawn carriage that carries the casket, the pallbearers are in elaborate uniforms. MS construction site in Warsaw, multi-story apartment buildings are going up, the foreman in a dark coat barks orders to all of the workers laying the concrete. MCU, kiosk featuring various newspapers.

Animated numbers scroll from 1940 to freeze on "Poland 1945". Scenes of destruction in Warsaw and the liberation of the city, soldiers kissing women in the streets, getting flowers, several shots of destroyed cities (most likely stock news footage) 01:21:13 VS of the Poles working to rebuild their country, men and women, pounding in rail ties, sifting through mountains of debris, taking down buildings, etc. MLS of a group of barefoot children being lead through the rubble-filled streets by young women. The film then ends on shots of young, healthy children in postwar Poland, eating bread.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948.**

Train station in Poland, people hurrying along the platform, one orthodox Jew hurries along, the rest of the travelers are dressed in contemporary clothing. The camera is fixed on the platform, soldiers pass by, two orthodox priests pass by, and a porter carries their luggage. Cut to the streets of Krakow, many people moving about, lots of activity, a religious Jew carrying a large parcel walks down the street, a peasant woman carrying a large pack on her back walks behind him, they both turn and enter a building (unmarked). 01:00:42:21 A prototype train car is being tested. CU of the operator at the helm in uniform, followed by shots of this train from various angles, men with briefcases board this single car train at an outdoor station. The train moves slowly along the tracks.

Crowded train platform, several bourgeois looking families are boarding the trains, some soldiers are also on the platform, some help the women and children board. They seem to be from a mountaineering regiment, they carry rifles, and wear rounded felt caps with feathers in them. Another shot, passengers on board the train reach out the window to receive hunks of bread from people selling it from baskets on the platform. Several children are running around near the platform, some look curiously at the camera. 01:02:36:29 A group of young men and young women sitting in the grass and socializing near the train platform, They are smoking, smiling, laughing, etc, one of the men has a newspaper and several of the others are leaning in around him to read the article. MCU on the paper, all in Polish, and difficult to make out the words, another close-up on the "Express Wikezonry", the man points to the last article with a title that reads: "Americans take position of neutrality, other articles on the page discuss London and Warsaw 01:02:55:03 Mores shots of people serving drinks from the train platform to the passengers. Soldiers stand around drinking as well. This is shot from the train- so Bryan and his cameraman are on the train en route to somewhere, or they hopped on the train to take the shots from this point of view- there seem to be several soldiers on board the train. People disembark the train in what seems to be a deserted field.

Short shot of a horse drawn carriage pulling up in front of a castle in Krakow, Poland. A group of adolescent girls walk along the street toward the castle, a wooden cart without a horse is parked along the road.

MCU of guillotine in an empty room. It casts a rather ominous shadow on the white tile wall behind it. Frame left there is a hose attached to the wall. A man in uniform (prison guard) enters the frame and demonstrates the operation of the guillotine. He demonstrates again, this time we see only the shadow of his demonstration and not the machine or the man. This scene was shot in the Pancraz prison in Prague postwar.

Red Cross banner in the center of large memorial wreath- crowds of people- men women and children, this is POSTWAR footage, 1946. Polish soldiers are milling about, several military vehicles. Civilians: men, women and children, some with Red Cross armbands, a group of nurses, etc. They process to a cemetery gate, purchase candles for graves. In the BG a wooden coffin is moving past on the shoulders of some soldiers. White flags drape the gates to the cemetery. This scene cuts out before we enter the cemetery.

LS, snow covered ground: statue of a man wielding a sword in a square in Warsaw, Poland. Buildings all around the statue are destroyed. MLS three young children in the street, walking toward the camera, they smile, continue walking until they are out of frame, then the camera captures them from behind, continuing their walk through the barren streets of the destroyed city of Warsaw. Cut to MLS, a man walking alone through the same deserted area, three men on a cart going down this same street- one man pedals the cart, two are in it. Soldiers in military supply trucks moving slowly through the streets of Warsaw- they are either Polish or Russian army. The trucks carry wooden coffins with wreaths on top of them- their fallen comrades. Each truck seems to have three coffins stacked in it. MS of a woman selling flowers on the street; LS of a destroyed building- it looks as though it may be one of the same ones that Bryan filmed in 1939. The shot lasts several seconds, then switches at 01:10:30:14 to a MS of a memorial covered in snow, wreaths, names, crosses, carnations, are all peaking out of the snow. 01:11:07:00 CU, shot from low angle of a destroyed church, followed by beautiful shots of two little girls walking hand in hand through the destroyed streets of Warsaw, covered in snow. The girls walk away from the camera, with their backs to the viewer

Footage of Polish Cavalry soldiers. Cannot confirm location where this was shot, but Bryan references shooting these scenes in 1937. Scene with six Polish soldiers sitting down, looking at papers or maps and discussing something. Cut to soldiers loading cannons that look more like WWI artillery rather than WWII. They have wooden wheels, etc. Repeat of the horses rushing down the hillside, driven by soldiers, rather random/staged looking battle scenes, one of the soldiers is on a field phone in one of the MCUs. Followed by shots of tanks and more soldiers, this time wearing combat helmets rather than dress uniform hats. 01:12:27:15 LS, soldiers on horseback appear seemingly out of nowhere on a vast expanse of plane, they ride out of frame, and then we see a CU of a tank moving across some brush, MS, soldiers on horseback crossing a river or stream. Cut to LS of a cavalry regiment coming down another sandy hillside.

At 01:14:04:02 LS, a large group of civilians walking around on a field, there are Polish military regiments lined up along the field as well-buildings are visible in the distance. All the regiments were rounding up on the field and then marching from the field through the town. MCU of the regiments in full dress marching through the streets, traveling shot, slightly out of focus. At 01:14:34:02 cut to MS of Field Marshall Edward Smigly-Rydz at the reviewing stand with other dignitaries, everyone is wearing top coats and top hats, or military dress gear. 01:14:50:13 The parade review stand, dignitaries, both military and civilian, hob-knob with each other at the review stand, high ranking Catholic church officials are in attendance, particularly Cardinal August Hlond, the Prelate of Poland, known for making antisemitic pronouncements, who called for a boycott of Jewish shops in Poland as early as 1935, after the death of Jozef Pilsudski.

CU of molten zinc ore and metal engraving blocks. Scenes inside the zinc refinery in Katowice, the largest industrial town of Upper Silesia, Poland. CUs of men putting materials into the furnaces. Cut back to the countryside.

LS of young schoolgirls and boys in traditional Central Polish costume walking in an orderly fashion along a dirt road. They walk toward the camera, a hen follows. Blonde girl with long braids in a classroom draws intently. A girl runs on the playground, her head covered with a scarf. LS, brick schoolhouse in the BG. Young boys and girls exit the building to play. Boy on a bicycle in Lowicz. INTof male instructor pointing to Polish letters on a blackboard. An icon image of the Madonna and Child hangs above the board. Two boys recite the letters along with the teacher at the blackboard. Girls at their desks read and write, share the textbook, and write in their notebooks. EXT, a mother and child, both in traditional dress run across a courtyard. Back in the classroom, low light, young girls look up at Bryan's camera. MS, the teacher walks around and reviews the children's progress (more boys than girls in the schoolhouse). EXT, girls in traditional dress walk along a path. Four older men in very heavy coats and hats stand near a stone wall, smoking and talking. A few peasant women pass by. CUs, one man smiles, one continues to smoke, another looks away. EXT, brick and iron gate of a cemetery, a statue of the Madonna atop the gate, several people walking. Several women walk and talk, some holding small bouquets of flowers. They pass a horse drawn carriage and continue on.

Man herds cows, man herds sheep, a woman helps. MS of a young boy and girl in traditional dress, posing in the field, each holds a stick used for herding the animals. They smile shyly for the camera. Other children play in the field, run down a hillside. MCU of the couple. Cut to a country road, man drives a horse drawn carriage loaded with hay; a woman walks along the road. Several shots of the road, a lake, and thatched roof house.

Undercranked shots (action sped up) inside a Catholic church for services. The church is full with men, women and children. The priest performs the mass facing the altar and the sacristy with his back to the churchgoers. VS of communion, Overhead shot from the pulpit of the congregation.The priest speaks from the pulpit.

EXT, overhead of dozens of horses and horsedrawn wagons on a main street in Warsaw, lined with people on both sides. CU, rear view of soldiers in the Polish Mountain Regiment marching in formation. They wear rounded helmets with large brims and carry rifles with bayonets. They wear capes. A motorcade of motorcycles with side cars makes its way down the street, followed by soldiers marching in formation. Army trucks carry soldiers wearing backpacks.

EXT, Krakow's Wawel castle. Pan up the building toward clock tower. Architectural detail, CU from under an archway, partial view of a dome. VS, from inside the same building's courtyard. Group of young women dressed in long top coats, hats, scarves, berets walk along road; the gate is now visible in the BG. Their coats have an insignia on the arm, and the women carry leather satchels.Two men accompany them.

EXT, LS, in a park in Warsaw. Man in Polish uniform or police walks along the street with a woman in contemporary dress. Woman with a young child and carriage. CU, a group of small boys walk along the street wearing caps with a shiny insignia and the number "21" on them. Some smile, others look at the camera as they pass through the frame.

EXT, low angle shot of castle tower. Women in traditional dress walk along a country road. Young girls play ball in an open courtyard. LS of the countryside, river reflecting the trees and winding along calmly. Church spires visible far off in the distance. Cut to young girls playing ball in the courtyard. Townspeople exiting (a church?). Quick shot of men and women, then of the street and a horse drawn cart passing by. The brick schoolhouse and the teacher looking at the girls' work. CU, women entering a courtyard through iron gates, coming from the street.

In Lowicz, a young, attractive Polish peasant women is putting on her costume, she wears several layers of skirts, a cropped jacket, and long braids. In the BG a large thatched-roof building is visible. Older peasant woman, who stops while walking along a road to kiss a tree, she then continues on. Quick shot of two women entering a church, dipping their fingers in holy water before entering. CU of older peasant man atop a carriage, the women are piling on their belongings. Young girls, women and men entering the church in traditional costume. One women is dressed in contemporary, Western-style clothing, a camel hair coat and felt hat. CU of the fabric of the peasant skirts.

Workmen hauling lumber around a lumber yard. Furniture, bundles of wooden café style chairs loaded into crates. A women in a fur coat counts some packages or bundles on the ground. Man in uniform observes them. Crane with the bundle of chairs. Back to the lumberyard, several workmen moving and hauling wood around the yard. Crane comes down from the deck of a ship.

The pastoral countryside of central Poland, a thatched roof house along the river/canal. Four children, barefoot and in peasant dress stand along the water and smile awkwardly for the camera. LS of their house. Townspeople of Lowicz entering the church, in peasant dress. Large ceremony for Easter Sunday. One man, whose coat seems more contemporary and who is also wearing a tie, looks suspiciously at the camera. He then turns to his friend to tell him about the camera, another man turns to look as well. Cut back to the fields, four women and one man tend to their crops.

Men and women folk dancing in southern Poland, in Zakopane, located in the Carpathian/Tatras mountain region. People are in full, traditional central Polish folk dress. The sequence plays in slow motion.

Farmers harvest crops in central Poland. They fill their baskets. Country road and horse drawn carriage carrying bundles of hay. More scenes of country life. LS on the thatched roof country home along the river/canal. Trees line the road where a horse drawn carriage passes by.

Folk dancers in Zakopane, the southern Polish region near the Carpathian/Tatras mountain ranges. They dance in a circle around a cross. VS dancing. Several shots are in slow motion. 01:13:54 Quick shot of three male dancers playing with their hats and horsing around, taking a break from dancing. Sequence of folk dancing continues, the camera captures the dancers at various angles.

Repeat of quick shot of an older peasant woman handing her bundles to a man who puts them on a horse drawn carriage. Quick CU of a man in profile, cut to two girls and their mother in peasant dress. The girls pose alone for the camera. Two elderly ladies talking, MCU in profile. Large wooden cross framed by a window, shot from INT to EXT. Back to peasant women, one helps the other adjust her skirt waist. ECU of elderly women with headscarf. Several women gathered together on the road, closeups. CU man in traditional hat, the elderly woman and man with a horse. MLS, four women in traditional dress walking down the country road.

In the fields of central Poland, CU of woman harvesting crops. Then a quick succession of shots seen earlier: two girls in traditional folk dress who do not want to be photographed without their mother, girls playing dodge ball in the school yard.

Procession with banners into a church in Lowicz. Quick succession of shots seen earlier: women talking on the street, young girls posing without their mother (more here as their mother steps out of the frame), the girls continue, sheepishly to walk toward the camera, they hold each others hands, the younger sister looks back at her mother rather than at the camera. Cut to other women walking along a dirt road, a horse drawn carriage passing by, then the camera returns to the two little sisters. The younger girl, looking terrified, poses holding her sister's hand, CU, glimpse of the young girls' shiny black shoes.

In Krakow, MCU young boys with caps with the number "21" walking in unison and looking at the camera. Girls in berets and matching coats with fur collars walk along the street by a castle-like building. Most of the girls have their backs to the camera. Some boys in the group also wear berets. Shop windows, no sign is visible in its entirety. LS, more of the schoolchildren on their outing. MCU, three people looking in the window of a bookstore. The people linger before going inside.

Pan of a landscape-fog rising above the mountains; snow is visible on the mountains. Shot from a plane, or some sort of funicular down to the valley below. Quick cut to peasant women walking along the street in full traditional dress.

Several trims/outtakes that jump around to different regions of Poland. CU, a young boy sculpts a bust from clay. MS of young girls doing needlework in a classroom. Hot piece of zinc in a furnace (the refinery in Katowice), zinc plates being made. Cut back to the boy with the bust and girls learning needlework. Snow-covered mountains of Zakopane, tracking shot down the mountainside. CU, iris in the zinc-smelting furnace, back to the girls and needlework, back to the zinc refinery, workers exiting the refinery. Art school in Zakopane. EXT, LS a courtyard of a modern looking building, white, cement block, men enter (probably EXT of the art school in Zakopane). CU, a young boy chipping away at a sculpture. CU, woman teaches girl elaborate decorative needlepoint in the art school.

MCU, passengers boarding a train. Uniformed conductor or a police officer stands on the platform. Young man in knickers and a cap looks at the camera before boarding, another young boy comes up behind him to board. Building under construction in Warsaw, the sign reads: "Dzwigi Bragia Jenike" and another "Felzytyn Skalent." Shop window with female mannequins. MLS, on the street in Warsaw, three women at a fruit vendor's stand. MS, architectural detail and supports of a building. Fabric store window with a mannequin, a woman looks from the street. Passersby turn toward the camera. Woman continues to shops for table service and women's clothing store called "JESIEN." She admires the fur collared coats from outside the shop with another woman.

Extreme long shots: German planes flying over Warsaw- these are the shots that Julien Bryan talks about in his book "Siege". These are the shots that he took while standing on the roof of the American Embassy in Warsaw, Poland in September of 1939 as the Germans began their air attack of the city. The shots are composed of mostly gray sky with the occasional plane passing through the frame, this is not the most dynamic looking footage, but it documents the beginning of the German air attack and the very beginning of World War II.

A Polish soldier confiscating the remains of the wreckage of a downed German plane. The plane has a large cross in the center of it, CU of the cross, CU of the soldier unscrewing something, camera moves in closer- but the shot is out of focus, as the shot comes into focus the viewer can see that the soldier has taken out the clock from the dashboard of the wrecked plane. He is removing this clock as a trophy. 01:00:58:05: Julien Bryan, along with a reporter and two Polish soldiers, examines the wreckage of this plane. More shots of the soldier standing by a portion of the wing of the plane. The soldier then proceeds to tear off a piece of the wing and show the camera how it bends; several Polish men then carry the wing back into a garage. Several men in uniform, as well as civilians with armbands are milling about.

The site of a downed plane-wreckage is visible on the hillside, where one Polish soldier is showing the journalist something that came from this plane, another Polish soldier is climbing down the hill to join them. 01:01:53:14 CU: journalist and Polish soldier, soldier demonstrates how one of the guns on the plane would have worked. More CUs of this wreckage, and cleanup, the camera pans from the site of the downed plane to the surrounding buildings that look almost brand new (this location may be one of the outlying suburbs of Warsaw that Julien Bryan refers to in his book "Siege"). The men hold up the parachute from the plane that has been torn to shreds. Camera pans up to reveal buildings completely intact around this crash site, the men point up toward the sky to demonstrate the direction of the air attack. More wreckage and large artillery casings at 01:03:02:07. Several CUs of destroyed pieces of equipment being inspected by the group of men, a CU of a piece of cloth from the parachute seen earlier in this sequence at 01:03:07:28: revealing some marking and possibly a date of manufacture- difficult to make this out very well on screen. 01:03:17:07: Several residents of the neighborhood come out to look at the wreckage: men, women and children survey the scene now along with the soldiers. VS, at various angles. The residents then go back to their homes.

CU of a man blowing a warning whistle, cut to a large statue of a mermaid wielding a shield and a sword, an unidentified bridge and the Vistula River are visible in the BG. Cut to MCU of the statue, then to a LS of the deserted banks of the river, train tracks run directly along the river banks, and there are empty, open-topped train cars. VS of this plaza and mermaid statue near the riverport- one car rides on the road around the statue, but the area is basically deserted.

01:04:12:20 CU, shot from low angle of signs on a large contemporary, concrete block apartment building- the address and other information are visible - written in Polish, identifies construction company, etc. located in Warsaw, Poland. Camera then pans the building, which looks deserted, although the bombing has not damaged it.
01:04:23:17 MLS of a destroyed area of Warsaw; it seems to be a bridge over one portion of the river and an entrance into the city from an outlying suburb. Polish soldiers on horseback patrol the bridge, some people are walking along the bridge, one cyclist passes by, CU from edge of bridge of the rubble, in the BG people carrying bundles can be seen walking on the bridge. MS of a destroyed houseboat along the river. More pans of the riverbanks and the bridge far off in the distance now.
01:04:55:02 CU of a large shell casing. Cut to a MLS of bombed out buildings, a soldier and a young boy mill about in the BG, frame right. Pan of an entire street of wreckage. VS, the inhabitants of this area setting up makeshift homes outside, pots of water, trying to clean up, and clean themselves off, etc. They are rescuing all they can from the wreckage of their homes. They are piling chairs, pictures of the Madonna, plates, etc, outside on the ground. 01:05:26:22 A woman comes and picks up her picture of the Madonna and holds it up for the camera, with her two children standing beside her. More shots of the family sifting through the rubble, END

Poignant shot of two little boys, one little girl, and one woman with her head bandaged holding an infant in her arms sitting on the street surrounded by rubble, the children are barefoot, and they look frightened and confused. This scene was shot in the immediate aftermath of a German air attack over Warsaw. MLS the two young boys dragging a chair, down the street full of rubble. 01:05:48:22: MS residents milling about on the street, sitting on chairs, surrounded by the few belongings they have left- several young women, one man. Clear shot of more destruction at 01:05:55:29 man in suit rounding the corner, passes by a soldier, the woman with her head bandaged is carrying a baby in her arms. CU of a brick oven that remained intact. Camera pans to broken plates and cups in the rubble. END on CU of destroyed household belongings in this rubble.

Scenes of the fire at night in Warsaw- these are the fires that burned on September 16, 1939 the first night of Rosh Hashanah, when the Germans set fire to the Jewish quarter destroying everything within a 20 block area (Jewish shops, homes, etc.) While it is difficult to make out- in the distance between the darkness and the flames you can see that there were bucket brigades set up and men were trying in vain to put out the fires. Julien Bryan's book "Siege" (1940) has a passage that tells this story. More shots of the fire at 01:06:38:12 trees are visible silhouetted against the flames, and there is a horse drawn carriage passing by. Camera pans from the large flames, to a beautiful old four-five story building where flames are just barely visible flickering through some windows, it seems this building too will soon be in flames.

EXT, daylight scenes. MS of a building that has been devastated by a German bomb. The buildings surrounding this look basically in tact. MCU of two women dead in the field, also the bodies of men. 01:07:05:04 Julien Bryan's book "Siege" (1940) contains a passage about this scene. There were a group of potato pickers in a field on the outskirts of the city of Warsaw, the German planes flew overhead, missing them on their first fly over, the potato pickers got up from the ground, thinking they were safe, only to be surprised by the same planes returning along the same flight path and this time killing two, and wounding the five others. A sequence of CUs of the dead bodies.

INT, hospital scenes- a pregnant woman lies in a hospital ward- these are scenes from the Catholic hospital that was destroyed in Warsaw during the German air attacks in September of 1939. Lying next to the pregnant woman is a wounded man. VS of the wounded being cared for by nurses in the hospital. 01:08:19:18 The inhabitants of the maternity ward are now lining corridors, several nurses, mothers and their newborn babies are seated on the tile floors of the hospital corridors. VS, CUs of mothers with their infants, some with a doctor as well: this is all mentioned in Julien Bryan's book "Siege" (1940), with more information on particular patients and hospital employees given as well. CU of baby with some damage to its skull at 01:08:45:02. CU of another baby nursing. Pan of more mothers and infants. Cut to nurses comforting elderly women who have most likely lost family members in attacks.

MS, Julien Bryan and nurses talking in the hospital. CU of one of the nurses as she explains the situation to Bryan. MCU of four men at the hospital, the one with glasses is a German prisoner, who is being cared for by the Poles. 01:10:05:25 A young priest is present as well. CU of the German soldier getting his hair cut, another German prisoner (with a Hitler-style mustache) is smoking and talking to a Polish officer as a doctor looks on. Some of the CUs of the Germans are quite out of focus, comes back into focus- the priest spends some time smoking and talking to the German soldiers followed by a series of CUs of the wounded men. 01:11:35:14: Cut back to wounded in their hospital beds.

Dead woman with a basket over her head. MS, two women and one man approach this woman's body when she is still laying face down in the dirt, they roll her over, she is now lying face up, the basket is next to her head (I don't believe it has been placed over her head yet), and then they walk on. The man looks back at the camera a few times after passing the dead woman's body. Cut to MS, three women in the field digging for potatoes, CU of an injured woman. Cut to MS, refugees of the bombing teaming around their destroyed neighborhood, the site seems to be the former cemetery that is also mentioned in Julien Bryan's book "Siege" (1940). MS, near a statue of Jesus, two women pump water from a fountain that is still working. LS, high angle, from the interior of a bombed out building, we can see residents standing in the rubble outside the window. 01:13:14:05 Bryan sits among the rubble talking to those who have lost their home, one woman is fixing her hair, another speaks with Bryan and reaches over to offer him a potato, he thanks her and smiles. More shots of men cleaning up rubble, digging ditches, etc. 01:14:16:20 Good sequence of shots of Bryan posing with a larger group of victims of the bombing raids, all assembled in the middle of the rubble. Long CU on an older woman who retells her part of the story, cut to the two young boys reading Mickey Mouse comics (JB mentions this in the book "Siege", (1940) as well). Return to a MS of the elderly woman featured in an earlier shot in this sequence, looking a bit bewildered, and milling about in front of a destroyed building with several other women and children around her, a young girl in a sailor style outfit comes up on screen right, and begins to look directly at the camera.

CUs of belongings amid rubble. These belongings are all that remain for the Poles featured here who have been displaced from their homes by the German air attacks. MS, camera pans another destroyed interior- this time it is a church (discussed in the book "Siege" (1940)) The priest is inside taking things out of the sacristy, trying to salvage the relics, etc, several people mill about outside. CU of a young girl with a dog in her arms, this is the same girl that was seen in Story 3982 on this tape - USHMM Film ID 3003. 01:15:41 VS of destruction to a cemetery, CU of another corpse. CU of a loaf of bread in a woman's hands. Cut to a scene of a young girl praying in front of a small altar she has set up outdoors, there are candles, and she is reading from prayer book. 01:16:15:29 MLS, more scenes of destruction.

EXT, VS night time scenes of the Jewish quarter of Warsaw on fire. This event occurred on September 16, 1939 during Rosh Hashanah. The Germans deliberately chose this day to set the Jewish quarter on fire, burning and destroying more than 20 full city blocks. Camera pans, but it is difficult to make out the shadows, at 01:16:45:14 there is a more vivid shot of the flames, illuminating a street lamp.

Opening credit sequence. Credits are as follows and appear in this format:
The International Film Foundation presents
POLAND
The Country and the People
A Julien Bryan production
Associate producer Eugene Cenkalski
Photography Jules Bucher, Julien Bryan
Music Jerzy Fitelberg
Commentary Robert Spencer Carr
Narrator Merce Cunningham
Animation Philip Stapp

Establishing shots of Krakow, shot circa 1936/37. LS of the famous castle, shot of a small boat letting in along the Vistula River, LS of two women walking across the courtyard of an unidentified building.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

An animated map of Poland, designed by Philip Stapp. Features the outline of the country of Poland, a drawing of a King with a sceptor, an indication of the location of Krakow with an accompanying image of the city, and a coat of arms-style sign in the middle of the map of Poland that reads: Union of Poland-Lithuania and Ruthenia.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

VS, Krakow, Poland landmarks: old maket square, Catholic church, museums, municipal buildings, the castle. Used as establishing shots.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Animated maps of Poland showing the changes in the political borders of Poland from 1795 when the land area was divided between German, Russian and Austrian interests to the 1914 borders in which the empires of Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary engulfed Poland entirely from a political standpoint, despite the fact that a distinct Polish culture still existed.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Peasants and farm families going about their daily activities in the region of Katowice, Poland. Several shots of men, women, and children harvesting wheat, herding cattle, and talking to each other and to the camera.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

A market scene: old peasant women sitting on the ground, selling their wares, a pushcart full of live geese passing by, VS of merchants and consumers at the open-air market in a cobblestoned square in Krakow, circa 1937. A man in a uniform (Polish army) holding and petting a hen, followed by VS of women in the market.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Staged scenes inside a peasant couple's home. Women cooking apples, cutting bread, men eating. All are wearing traditional Polish peasant dress. VS of men and women performing folk dances, mainly circle dances. These shots are alternately over and under cranked, making the actions of the dancers exaggeratedly slow or fast.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

VS, scenes of rural village life in the central Polish region of Katowice, circa 1937. Horse drawn wagons move along a dirt road, an orthodox priest in dark vestments walks along the same road. A family carries kindling on their backs. CU, the Orthodox priest stops to speak to two children with a goat. Three women walk along a dirt road, two carry firewood, one walks hand in hand with her young daughter. She picks up her daughter for a CU for the camera.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

VS, Street scenes in the Jewish quarter of Krakow, Poland. Man selling balloons. Young girl on the street asking for directions from Orthodox Jewish men. Older Jewish couple posing outside of their shop-M. Finkelstein is the name on the placard above their shop door. Good CUs of the couple. CUs of young, religious Jewish boys laughing and talking, conscious of the camera. Young children playing in a courtyard, moving large twigs around the street as an elderly woman watches them, preparing for the harvest festival of Sukkot beneath the archway made famous in an iconic Roman Vishniac photograph.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

VS, scene opens with a poster hanging on the outside wall of a new brick schoolhouse announcing the rededication of the school building. The sign is written in Polish. A celebration of the new building-the sign talks about the school going from an old thatched-roof hut to a new brick building-according to the sign this celebration is taking place in August 1937. Several shots of the children in the school yard playing happily, then a group of young children being lead by a very somber looking nun in single file to the school house. There is a very abrupt cut at the end of this scene.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

VS, Warsaw street scenes. A group of young school boys walk in an orderly fashion through the city streets, they are with a male chaperone, all are wearing the same cap. MS in a large park of women, there are several women gathered in a central location in the park, all have babies in baby carriages. 01:11:57 The nanny/mommy scene in the park with VS, CUs on babies, toddlers, prams, etc. END of Reel 1 - writing on film leader indicates Reel 2 begins.
01:12:21 Scenes of city life, we are now on the outskirts of Warsaw - the trolley pulls up to the station, the sign on the front of the trolley reads "Destination: Dworska". INT shots from inside the trolley car, several passengers are busy reading, riding, a few look at the camera. VS from inside the trolley car panning the street scene outside. Two Polish soldiers walking along, one is carrying a bunch of high black boots over his shoulder. Kiosk and vegetable stand on the street in Warsaw-three women are shopping at the stand. 01:13:05 A funeral procession through the streets of Warsaw. VS of a building under construction seen first in LS, and then in CU the men working there. A foreman barks orders to the workers, he is in a uniform and wears a cap. Several establishing shots of streets, etc, mostly new buildings, signs for construction and construction companies are visible, all the buildings are modern, cement block highrises.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Short clip, unidentified location in Poland, circa 1937. Several people standing on a train platform as the train pulls into the station. Quick shots of passengers boarding the trains: men, women, and some teenage boys, all are well dressed, some carry parcels, in one shot a conductor is visible in the background and two adolescent boys board the train in the foreground. Several of the subjects look directly at the camera.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Scenes from the Giesche zinc mine and refinery in Katowice, circa 1936. VS, inside near the furnaces, men coming out for a break and getting water, women sorting the ore before it is smelted, the conveyor belt from the mine shaft, men drilling inside the mine. 01:14:55 Good shots of the digging in the mine, workers leaving the mine. Scene with the workers collecting their bicycles at the end of the day. Several good CUs of the faces of the workers, the raw zinc ore, machinery, etc.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Animated map of Poland showing the industrial region of Silesia and its factories. The map serves as a transition from this region of southern Poland to the northwestern region of Poland and the port city of Gdynia. This map was created by Philip Stapp.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

From the factories in Silesia featured in RG-60.4002, also on USHMM Film ID 3004, the next stop is in Gdynia, in the northwestern corner of Poland. Shot of the harbor along the Baltic Sea. VS of mineral ore being loaded onto ships, VS of lumber yard near the ship yard along the Baltic Sea. VS of the streets and architecture of the city of Gdynia, picturesque shots of the boats on the sea and the canals that flow through the city. More shots of workers unloading materials at the dock in Gdynia. End scenes of Gdynia, begin brief sequence of street scenes of Gdansk, also in the northwestern corner of Poland. Then cut to scenes of Gdansk at 01:16:35 A group of school girls in uniform march down the street carrying Nazi flags, and singing- they are all in their early teens.
***From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Scenes of the Polish army marching through the streets of Warsaw: this is a sign/prelude to war. Several CUs of shop windows displaying proudly the photos of Polish leaders, particularly Pilsudski, Paderewski and the current (1937) President Mosczieksky. This clip features a ceremony where President Mosczieksky passes the baton to Marshall Smigly-Ridz, who was being hailed as the man who would lead the Poles to victory over Germany. Polish officers using horses for crowd control, MCU of Polish Cardinal Hlond, who made several anti-Jewish statements. VS of the bystanders, young boys watch the parade perched in the trees along the parade route, young women in traditional costume line the parade route, all signs of Polish solidarity.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Sequence of outtakes begins with German planes flying overhead in 1939 during the German invasion of Poland. The Germans surround Poland from the south and the north, eventually reaching Warsaw and destroying the city. CU at 01:18:19 that shows an eagle insignia, in the hands of a soldier, who is marching along the street, air attack over Warsaw, scenes of Warsaw and posters that were on the streets. They are all in Polish, they are propaganda posters featuring swastikas and soldiers. Warsaw burning [most likely stock news footage] at 01:18:32, followed by shots of Poles taking to the streets of Warsaw to dig trenches to protect against the ongoing Germany army attack. More stocks shots of bombs dropping from planes. 01:18:53 Julien Bryan footage resumes with shots of victims walking over the rubble of destroyed buildings in Warsaw, including a church and a hospital, cleaning up, etc. 01:19:00 Scene of dead bodies in a field, a woman is covering the faces of the dead. CU of a young girl wiping tears from her eyes as she looks at the corpses. 01:19:13 Little boy with his canary in a cage in the midst of all the rubble. 01:19:42 In a Warsaw hospital maternity ward-one doctor and one nurse care for several mothers with their newborn babies lined up in the hospital's basement hallways on the floor (shelter from ongoing bombings). 01:20:04 More scenes of the city burning. Frontline footage of the Polish army with tanks and cavalry attempting to defend their lines. More stock shots of an unidentified bridge exploding, a building collapsing in flames, etc. The war years scroll by on an animated map with flames, beginning with 1940 until 1945.
**From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948.**

Market square and vibrant daily life in Kazimierz, Krakow's Jewish quarter. CU, man inspecting a chicken for sale. CU, young girl at the market. High angle view of a prominent spire and statue. Quick shot of a table full of chickens and shoppers set before the Izaak synagogue, which still stands today. Streets in Krakow with shops and inhabitants of the Jewish quarter. A group of school boys following a man with balloons pass by the entrance to a hotel, "Restauracia Kawiarnia Hotelu Mullera". View of another street in the Jewish quarter with children helping an older woman bring hay through an open doorway, preparing for the harvest festival of Sukkot. This small street was captured by renowned photographer Roman Vishniac in his captivating images of Jewish life before the Holocaust. Quick travelling shot of a horse drawn carriage. Several religious men in walk along the street. Quick view of one of Bryan's cameraman, Jules Bucher (screen right). The bustling market square with merchants and shoppers before the Izaak synagogue, followed by street scenes. An elderly couple stands in the doorway of a shop displaying men's clothing and accessories, the name "M. Finkelstein" is above the door. More street scenes. Cut to a horse-drawn carriage and its driver in Krakow's theater district. A poster advertises the comedy team of Dzigan and Schumacher at the ARARAT. Many passersby stop to look at the camera, particularly the children. MLS, a young woman with a suitcase in hand speaks to two men. Four religious Jewish men turn away from the camera quickly, one (screen center) raises his hand to cover his face. Striking CUs of young Jewish boys talking and laughing. 01:02:33 Abrupt cut to barges along the river near the castle in Krakow.

A series of TRIMS/short outtakes.
1. MCU, two young Polish women in traditional Central Polish folk costumes walk down a dirt path away from a wood frame house and toward the camera.
2. MCU, LAS of architectural details of an unidentified building. Several ornate bas-relief designs in the building's facade, and a stepped, curved roof with ceramic tiles. Pan down to more of the building's facade, as well as the street lamps and street corner below.
3. MS, large, ornate, unidentified municipal building in a town square, a horse drawn carriage is in the FG.
4. LS, woman and a small child seated on a park bench in Warsaw, they accompany a baby, sitting up, in a large pram. Several stone buildings in the BG.
5. MS, tracking shot, taken from the point of view of a streetcar making its way down an unidentified city street. People walk along near the shop windows, in the distance a cathedral is visible, silhouetted against the sky, the sign on the back of the trolley car reads: "Most Podgerski".
6. MLS, a group of young women walk down a street, some carry backpacks, they are viewed from behind, a horse drawn carriage in the FG, a large castle-like building in the BG.
7. LS, large, open plaza. People cross the plaza. A statue of a man on a horse in the distance. Few cars parked in the plaza.
8. MS, a walking bridge that joins two buildings together. The camera pans the bridge and the tops of the buildings, to reveal bas relief details in the facade as well as decorative columns in relief.
9. MS, unidentified town square, horse drawn carriage, pedestrians, stop sign, street lamp.
10. LS, from high angle, looking down on river and barges. Bridge and a castle-like structure at left. Workers steer the barges along the waterway.

A comic sequence of an individual dressed in a furry bear costume who teases passersby on the streets of a town in central Poland. CU of the bear hiding in bushes along the roadside. A young girl in traditional central Polish dress walks by on cue, and the bear jumps out of the bushes, feigning to attack the young girl. The girl laughs and plays along. Two takes of this action. The bear then proceeds to walk into the center of the road, and approach two men on a horse drawn cart. The bear plays with the cart and the horse, attempting to get the horse to move, eventually the driver of the carriage gets the horse moving again. The bear proceeds to harass another horse drawn carriage, then returns to the sidewalk and begins to flirt with two peasant women. They smile, but continue on their way. Cut to the bear sitting on the bench with a young man next to him, and a small dog at his feet. Two school boys in their uniforms pass by and pretend to be frightened. A woman walks past, puts her head down, and pays no attention. A young man approaches and they begin to struggle. In the BG, a hand painted sign reading: "Sabala" is visible hanging from the eaves of a buidling. A man stops to take a photograph of the young man fighting with the bear. The man hands the bear money in exchange for his services.

Street scenes in Gdansk (Danzig) on ulica Dluga (German: Lange Straße) [see the city hall in BG]. Traffic cop directs traffic in busy town square. Women gaze through shop windows, reflection from outside in.
Scenes of a castle and the Dembnicki bridge in Krakow. Some scenes seem to be in the Kazimierz section (Jewish quarter) of Krakow. 01:02:52 CU of the sign on the front of a merchant's shop: "Depot de Vin T. Fukier Fonde en 1610." Town square, a man is wheeling a young boy across the cobblestone plaza in a wooden cart, a few darkly clad figures and a police officer in the BG. 01:03:01 MCU, panning pedestrians as they look at a store window, men in fedoras and trench style coats, women in fur collared jackets and pretty velvet hats. They look at Polish signs and advertisements for the 1937 Worlds Fair, which was held in Paris from May to November.

MCU, street corner of the Jewish quarter in Krakow, a women in contemporary dress and three Jewish men peek out from behind the shoulder of a man with his back to the camera. Sign across the street for a merchant's shop: "SALOMON DIAMANT". Several shots of Jewish men in orthodox garb, with beards, standing on street corners talking and suspiciously watching the camera, one covers his face, and they move along.

LS of a zinc mine/refinery, labeled in Julien Bryan's original notes as "Catowicz, Silesia - Giesche Zinc Mine." MS, workers in uniform, wearing caps, masks around their necks, on break outside the refinery. VS of the mine and refinery, the machinery in operation inside the refinery: ovens, molten metals, the workers stoking the furnaces, etc. VS, of women sorting pieces of zinc on a conveyor belt before processing. Good shots of quick, nimble fingers at work, several CUs of their hands.

MLS, a farming family in the field, in the BG a Gothic looking church. The peasant women turns and takes a break from gathering to look at the camera. A man in traditional Polish costume herds cows in the pasture. Older man using oxen to run a grain threshing machine. Quick cut to the village people in church (ends abruptly).

In this ten minute film, Julien Bryan, the last neutral reporter remaining in Poland on September 1, 1939, records the horror and confusion of Warsaw during the German attack on Poland. Through actual footage taken during the siege, Bryan poignantly describes the frightening chain of events that finally resulted in the capitulation of Warsaw and Poland. During the early stages of the blitzkrieg, civilians were commandeered to dig ditches, set tank traps and shore up fortifications. Then, as the Polish soldiers retreated, Warsaw was surrounded and besieged. German planes, triumphant in the skies, wreaked destruction on the city with aerial and incendiary bombs, while heavy artillery guns kept up an incessant bombardment. Hospitals and churches were ultimately targets and women were machine gunned from planes while digging potatoes for their hungry families.

HAS, Roma/Sinti in caravan, moving through town with bulls and wagons. Good close shots, women and children, older man. VAR shots, moving about on dirt roads with bull and wagon. Man with hat holding son. At camp in hills, setting up for overnight, VAR, shots. LS, Roma/Sinto caravan on country road.

Salon, group of women sitting, letting hair set under hairnets. Male hairdresser brushes out one's locks. Another male hairdresser points to chart on wall, Stalin posters hang beside it. Women modeling new fashions. Group of women sit at bottom of stairs looking at new fashions on models. Longer shot as they pose for the camera. A designer sketches into notepad. Shots of group watching models. New outfits featured on rotating doors.

CU, old man with white beard, church in BG left, boy walking in field in BG right. Peasants on boat, hair on donkey barely seen in FG. Peasants in field, hut in BG, CUs. Dirt road, horse/cart, walking, church in BG, more horses with carts. [in Caucusus?]

Large group of Russians/Ukrainians gathered in front of church, tram filled with people, crowds. Closer shots of the crowd, walking over tram tracks with bundles. MS, men looking at gramophone for sale, flowers, jacket, boots at the "Jewish" market.

Quick LS, plaza/building. HAS fountain from building. Orthodox church steeple. Russian flag with hammer and sickle emblem. INT, woman looking at Christian exhibition. Group of tourists (Bryan's American students?) posing for photo in front of fountain seen earlier.

VAR shots of civilians on ferry/tourist cruise ship moving slowly. City harbor seen from boat. From land, shots of boat "VOLGAR" pulling up to dock full of people. Another boat operating by steam, CUs, steam vent. Larger ships at city port, shots of city from water. Villagers at land port, some waiting in line to board boats, another walking towards the camera carrying a bundle on his shoulder. Man raises flag with three boys watching. Life preserver. MS, smaller boats. Flag flying on mast. Shots of water, land from boat. MS, group of American students on small motorboat. City from the river. Crowd waits to board ferry as it pulls into dock in BG full of passengers.

Two small boys in front of door to house/cabin, one holds a toy car, the other with crutches. Men walk down stairwell at log cabin (seen in Story 4526 on Film ID 3038). EXT, boys receive medical treatment, beds are outdoors on a deck. Boy plays with record player, other toys.

TRIMS depicting a variety of activities in daily life throughout Russia. In city, women look at schedule in theatre window. 01:07:33 Peasants - women with kerchiefs, one smiling at camera. 01:07:43 INT, ornate room. MS, tourists visit other rooms in this palace.

In the Caucusus, male villagers on shore on work break, drinking, mountains and town buildings in BG. Women on shore as well, looking into camera. Man with bull. Farming. Quick shot of a village. Boy posing on horse that operates farm equipment seen earlier in this story.

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