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2 Semantics of DB2 Triggers Before-triggers are typically used to detect error conditions and to condition input values; an assignment statement allows the body of these triggers to set the values of NEW transition variables. Before-triggers appear to execute entirely before the event that they monitor; thus, their conditions and actions must read the database state prior to any modification made by the event. They cannot modify the database by using UPDATE, DELETE, and INSERT statements, so that they do not recursively activate other triggers.

Variables introduced in the condition can be used in the action, carrying along from the condition to the action the bindings induced by the computation of the condition. The before and after clauses introduce, as in Starburst, a partial order between triggers, which is useful during rule processing when multiple triggers are in the triggered state. As in Starburst, the precedence relationship induced by the before and after clauses must be acyclic. Special binary predicates occurred and holds can be used within the conditions of triggers.

Several triggers (with either row- or statement-level granularity) can monitor the same event. They are considered according to a system-determined total order, which takes into account the triggers' definition time. 3. DB2 21 Row- and statement-level triggers are intertwined in the total order. 2 Rowlevel triggers are considered and possibly executed once for each tuple, while statement-level triggers are considered and possibly executed once per statement. If the action of a row-level trigger has multiple statements, all statements are executed for one row before considering the next row.