Grasmere although crossed by major roads has retained its quiet suburban character, the area and adjoining Concord was dotted with lakes and ponds similar to the English Lake District village of Grasmere. The name is often attributed to Sir Roderick Cameron, an American resident of Canadian descent who was knighted by Queen Victoria, the neighborhood has always been one of the most prestigious communities on Staten Island, with the zone around Brady's Pond being particularly affluent.

John P. Lightning, legendary former pirate radio personality and longtime host of Radio NewYork International, lives in Grasmere, where his 11L network has its studio, offices and vast music and video archive. 11L/RNI programming originates live from Grasmere.

1.
East Shore, Staten Island
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The term East Shore is frequently applied to a series of neighborhoods along the Lower New York Bay and the Raritan Bay and within New York Citys borough of Staten Island. Not only the term East Shore, but the concept is often attributed to New York Telephones East Shore Central Office. Sometimes the communities of Rosebank, Shore Acres, and Fort Wadsworth are also described as East Shore neighborhoods, like all of Staten Island except for the North Shore, the East Shore was mostly farmland until residential home construction burgeoned after World War II. This factor has contributed to the East Shore becoming the most politically conservative locality on Staten Island, since the early 2000s the trend has been for white Americans of Eastern European ancestry to immigrate to the community. Today, thriving communities of Russians, Poles, and Albanians exist on the East Shore, the area is currently not only Italian-American and Irish-American, but Russian-American, Polish-American, and Albanian-American. There is also an emerging Chinese-American population, centered in Arrochar, the commercial core of the East Shore can be found in New Dorp, at the regions geographic center, which is close to New Dorp Lane. Hylan Boulevard, a commercial boulevard, connects all the East Shore neighborhoods with each other. Points of interest located on the East Shore include Historic Richmond Town, the nearby Tibetan Museum on Lighthouse Hill, Moravian Cemetery and a significant portion of the Staten Island Greenbelt

2.
Staten Island
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Staten Island /ˌstætən ˈaɪlənd/ is one of the five boroughs of New York City in the U. S. state of New York. In the southwest of the city, Staten Island is the southernmost part of both the city and state of New York, with Conference House Park at the tip of the island. The borough is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull, with a 2015 Census-estimated population of 474,558, Staten Island is the least populated of the boroughs but is the third-largest in area at 58 sq mi. Staten Island is the borough of New York with a non-Hispanic White majority. The borough is coextensive with Richmond County, and until 1975 was the Borough of Richmond and its flag was later changed to reflect this. Staten Island has been called the forgotten borough by inhabitants who feel neglected by the city government. The East Shore is home to the 2. 5-mile F. D. R, Boardwalk, the fourth-longest in the world. The South Shore, site of the 17th-century Dutch and French Huguenot settlement, the West Shore is the least populated and most industrial part of the island. Motor traffic can reach the borough from Brooklyn via the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge and from New Jersey via the Outerbridge Crossing, Goethals Bridge, and Bayonne Bridge. Staten Island has Metropolitan Transportation Authority bus lines and an MTA rapid transit line, the Staten Island Railway, Staten Island is the only borough that is not connected to the New York City Subway system. The free Staten Island Ferry connects the borough to Manhattan and is a popular tourist attraction, providing views of the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island, and Lower Manhattan. The landfill is being redeveloped as Freshkills Park, a devoted to restoring habitat. As in much of North America, human habitation appeared in the island fairly rapidly after the retreat of the ice sheet, archaeologists have recovered tool evidence of Clovis culture activity dating from about 14,000 years ago. This evidence was first discovered in 1917 in the Charleston section of the island, various Clovis artifacts have been discovered since then, on property owned by Mobil Oil. The island was abandoned later, possibly because of the extirpation of large mammals on the island. Rossville points are a type of arrowhead that defines a Native American cultural period that runs from the Archaic period to the Early Woodland period. They are named for the Rossville section of Staten Island, where they were first found near the old Rossville Post Office building, at the time of European contact, the island was inhabited by the Raritan band of the Unami division of the Lenape. In Lenape, one of the Algonquian languages, Staten Island was called Aquehonga Manacknong, meaning as far as the place of the bad woods, or Eghquhous, the area was part of the Lenape homeland known as Lenapehoking

3.
Boroughs of New York City
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New York City, in the U. S. state of New York, is composed of five county-level administrative entities called boroughs. They are Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn, each borough is coextensive with a county of New York State. The county governments were dissolved when New York City consolidated in 1898, along all city, town. The term borough was adopted to describe a form of administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city in 1898. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, the term is also used by politicians to counter a frequent focus on Manhattan and thereby to place all five boroughs on equal footing. In the same vein, the outer boroughs refers to all of the boroughs excluding Manhattan. All of the boroughs were created in 1898 during consolidation, when the current boundaries were established. Ultimately in 1914, the present-day separate Bronx County became the last county to be created in the State of New York, the borough of Queens consists of what formerly was only the western part of a then-larger Queens County. The borough of Staten Island was officially the borough of Richmond until the name was changed in 1975 to reflect its common appellation, there are hundreds of distinct neighborhoods throughout the five boroughs of New York City, many with a definable history and character to call their own. Manhattan is the geographically smallest and most densely populated borough and is home to Central Park and most of the citys skyscrapers. Manhattans population density of 72,033 people per mile in 2015 makes it the highest of any county in the United States. Manhattan is often described as the financial and cultural center of the world, most of the borough is situated on Manhattan Island, at the mouth of the Hudson River. Manhattan Island is loosely divided into Lower, Midtown, and Uptown regions, Uptown Manhattan is divided by Central Park into the Upper East Side and the Upper West Side, and above the park is Harlem. The borough also includes a neighborhood on the United States mainland. New York Citys remaining four boroughs are collectively referred to as the outer boroughs, Brooklyn, on the western tip of Long Island, is the citys most populous borough. Brooklyn is known for its cultural, social, and ethnic diversity, an independent art scene, distinct neighborhoods, downtown Brooklyn is the only central core neighborhood in the outer boroughs. The borough has a long beachfront shoreline including Coney Island, established in the 1870s as one of the earliest amusement grounds in the country, marine Park and Prospect Park are the two largest parks in Brooklyn. Historically a collection of towns and villages founded by the Dutch

4.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange

5.
Staten Island Railway
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The Staten Island Railway is the only rapid transit line in the New York City borough of Staten Island. However, there is no rail link between the SIR and the subway system proper. SIR riders do get a transfer to New York City Subway lines. Commuters who use the railway use the Staten Island Ferry to reach Manhattan. The Staten Island Railway provides full-time local service between Saint George and Tottenville along the east side of the borough, the line has a route bullet similar to other subway routes, the letters SIR in a blue circle. It is used only on timetables and on the MTAs site, the line runs 24 hours a day every day of the year and is one of only six mass-transit rail lines in the United States to do so. On weekdays, express service to St. George is provided between 6,15 a. m. and 8,15 a. m. and to Tottenville from 7,01 a. m. to 8,01 a. m. and 4,01 p. m. to 7,51 p. m. Morning express trains run non-stop in both directions between New Dorp and St. George, afternoon express trains run non-stop from St. George to Great Kills southbound only. Express service is noted on trains by the presence of a red marker with the terminal, the Staten Island Railway was incorporated on August 2,1851, after Perth Amboy and Staten Island residents petitioned for a Tottenville-to-Stapleton rail line. The railroad was financed through a loan from Cornelius Commodore Vanderbilt, the sole Staten Island-to-Manhattan ferry operator on the east shore, the line was completed to Tottenville on June 2,1860. Many stations were named after nearby large farms, such as Garretsons or Giffords, the Staten Island Railway also used to provide freight for Nassau Smelting, the Staten Island Advance, and Pouch Terminal, the first of which also had a station named after the company. Under the leadership of Commodore Vanderbilts brother Jacob H. Vanderbilt, the Staten Island Rail Road took over several independent ferries, and train service was increased. The Staten Island Railway and ferry line were making a modest profit until the explosion of the ferry ship Westfield at Whitehall Street Terminal on July 30,1871, by July 1872, the railroad and the ferry were in receivership. On September 7,1872, the property of the company was sold to George Law, Erastus Wiman, dubbed the Duke of Staten Island, became one of the most prominent residents of Staten Island after locating his residence in a mansion on the island. Because the Staten Island Railroad Company was barely operational by the late 1870s, at one point, Wiman secured an extension on a land purchase option from George Law by naming the place St. George in order to flatter him. Construction on the Vanderbilts Landing to Tompkinsville portion of the North Shore Branch began on March 17,1884, the SIR was leased to the B&O for 99 years in 1885. The North Shore Branch opened for service on February 23,1886, the Saint George Terminal opened on March 7,1886, and all SIR lines were extended to this station. On March 8,1886, the South Beach Branch opened for service to Arrochar

6.
Grasmere (Staten Island Railway station)
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Grasmere is a Staten Island Railway station in the neighborhood of Grasmere, Staten Island, New York. It is located at Clove Road on the main line, the station opened in 1886 for a cost of $555.35. On May 21,2012, MTA began to rehabilitate the Grasmere station, the construction included demolition and rebuilding of the station platform and station house. A temporary platform and entrance were built north of the main station, construction was finished in April 2014. This station has the brick station house from the 1933 grade separation project over the Tottenville-bound track at the south end of the line. The building is only during the morning rush hour. The platform is located in a cut and has glass block and concrete windscreens attached to the canopy supports. The Grasmere crossover, consisting of two switches, was located just past the Fingerboard Road overpass north of the station. North of this station, the line merges with the abandoned South Beach branch, the South Beach was closed on March 31,1953 due to poor ridership and better bus service in Staten Island. S53 bus to Bay Ridge, Brooklyn Staten Island Railway station list Staten Island Railway general information Clove Road entrance from Google Maps Street View Platform from Google Maps Street View

7.
Clifton (Staten Island Railway station)
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Clifton is a Staten Island Railway station in the neighborhood of Clifton, Staten Island, New York. It is located at Norwood Avenue and Bay Street on the main line and it is located on an embankment with side platforms and beige canopies. The north end has exits on both platforms lead to Bay Street. The southbound platform has winding stairs to Townsend Avenue while the platform has stairs under the right-of-way to Norwood Avenue. The northbound platform also has a staircase on Bay and Edgewater Streets. The station opened on April 23,1860, with the opening of the Staten Island Railway from Vanderbilts Landing to Eltingville and it also included a ferry port with ferries to Stapleton, Tompkinsville, and South Ferry in Manhattan. On Bay Street and facing the platform above, are remains of the steps up to the old station platform. On the southbound side there is a house on the outside. Some of the boarded up windows and layout of the brick shelter suggest that it was originally a station house, the SIRs Clifton Yard is next to the northbound track, with yard leads and signals north of Clifton station. South of the station are the remains of the South Beach Branch turnout, to the south, a spur on a pair of I-beams on concrete pillars is the location of an old coal, concrete, and lumber business. South of this station, the SIR main line turns southwest to Tottenville, due to the wide space from trains caused by the platforms curvature, the last car for St. George-bound trains do not open here

8.
Clifton, Staten Island
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Clifton is a neighborhood on the North Shore of Staten Island in New York City, United States. It is a waterfront neighborhood, facing Upper New York Bay on the east. It is bordered on the north by Stapleton, on the south by Rosebank, on the southwest by Concord, and on the west by Van Duzer Street. The name Clifton for the dates to 1817, when a town by the name. In its early history, much of the land was owned by the Vanderbilt family. As a young man, Cornelius Vanderbilt established ferry service from the waterfront to Manhattan at the foot of present Vanderbilt Avenue. Bayley Seton Hospital, north of Vanderbilt Avenue, was formerly the United States Public Health Service Hospital, in the 1840s the Townsend family built a huge home that had turrets so it was called the Townsend Castle. It was located at what is now Townsend Avenue and Tompkins Avenue, in the 1870s many roads and large homes were built near the water. The area has many Victorian houses left from the late 1800s in the area from Vanderbilt to Norwood Avenues, in 1900 the Fox Hills Golf Club encompassed the entire area of where the Park Hill Apartments are now. There was a big clubhouse on Vanderbilt Avenue, many tournaments were held there until the 1920s when it closed. The land was taken over by the government and used for military barracks during World War II, by the 1950s, it evolved into a middle-class, multi-ethnic community of civil employees including firemen, teachers, and doctors. Park Hill remained privately owned but became federally subsidized housing complex. Crime in this area has decreased since the late 1990s. Community activists are addressing the conflict between Liberian and African-American youth, primarily between the ages of 10–14. The community organizations run after-school programs to keep the youth occupied in a productive way. This helps curb gang and street violence, the community tension that occurs in Park Hill is based on poverty and unemployment. In the 1990s, the became the center for an immigrant community from Liberia. The residences in the neighborhood are mostly houses, but the last decade has seen the development of many attached homes and duplexes

9.
Brooklyn
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Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the end of Long Island. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U. S. behind Los Angeles, the borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves, Brooklyns official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years, the neighborhood of Marine Park was home to North Americas first tidal mill. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today, however, the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furmans early compilation, what is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. The English reorganized the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1,1683 and this tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity. On August 27,1776 was fought the Battle of Long Island, the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park. The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, One result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 was the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century. The New York Navy Yard operated in Wallabout Bay for the entire 19th century, the first center of urbanization sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from Lower Manhattan, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1817. Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a town for Wall Street. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became Fulton Street to East New York, Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Industrial deconcentration in mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities, and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems and it later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19,1842, on May 14,1849 the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on September 5,1938 it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle

10.
Verrazano-Narrows Bridge
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The Verrazano–Narrows Bridge is a double-decked suspension bridge that connects the New York City boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn. It spans the Narrows, a body of water connecting the relatively protected upper bay with the larger, the bridge is named for the Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano who in 1524 became the first documented European explorer to enter New York Harbor and the Hudson River. It has a span of 4,260 feet and was the longest suspension bridge in the world at its completion in 1964. It has the 13th longest main span in the world, and its towers can be seen throughout New York City and in New Jersey. The bridge marks the gateway to New York Harbor, all ships arriving at the Port of New York and New Jersey pass underneath the bridge and must therefore be built to accommodate the clearance under it. Since 1976, the Staten Island end of the bridge has been the point of the New York City Marathon. The bridge was the last great public project in New York City overseen by Robert Moses. He had long desired the span as a means of completing the system he had championed during his tenure. Construction on the bridge began August 13,1959, and the deck was opened on November 21,1964, at a cost of $320 million in 1964 dollars. Three men died building the bridge, including 58-year-old Paul Bassett, the latters death became the subject of a chapter of The Bridge, The Building of the Verrazano–Narrows Bridge, a book written by Gay Talese. Individuals involved in included, Senior partner, Othmar Ammann Chief engineer, Milton Brumer Project engineers, Herb Rothman. New York City Mayor Robert F. Wagner cut the ribbon at the opening ceremony and he was the first person to be driven over the bridge. The lower deck opened on June 28,1969, the bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world from 1964 until 1981, when it was surpassed by the Humber Bridge in England. In 2014, the city began a major, $1. 5-billion reconstruction project on the bridge, the Brooklyn ramps to the bridge are also being rebuilt. Ammann and his staff during the phases of design and construction. On November 29,2018, a plaque, in tribute to all the people associated with the construction of the bridge. It is operated by MTA Bridges and Tunnels, an agency of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Interstate 278 passes over the bridge, connecting the Staten Island Expressway with the Gowanus Expressway and the Belt Parkway

11.
Staten Island Mall
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Staten Island Mall is a shopping mall in the New Springville neighborhood of the Staten Island borough of New York City, United States. It is the indoor shopping mall in the borough. The mall is owned by General Growth Properties of Chicago, Illinois and it has 200 stores employing approximately 3,000 people. Anchor tenants include JCPenney, Macys, and Sears, prior to the construction of the mall, the land was occupied by the Staten Island Airport, which opened in 1941. The site was sold in 1955 with a shopping and amusement center, known as the Staten Island Center, anchor tenants in later years included Macys, and Sears. The malls original developer was Feist and Feist Realty Corp, the last major renovation and expansion of the mall was in 1993 when the JCPenney wing was completed. It is currently a two-story mall shaped like a letter T, with a leasable area of 1,274,000 ft². The music video for the New Radicals 1998 hit single You Get What You Give was filmed in the mall, on April 16,2009, General Growth Properties filed for bankruptcy amid sharply reduced revenues and a crippling debt burden of over $25 billion. The companys stock price plummeted 97% over the year, trading at just $1.05. At the time, it seemed likely that the strategy for reorganization will include the sale of properties. It was unclear whether the Staten Island Mall would be included as one of those properties, General Growth has since re-emerged from bankruptcy, and Staten Island Mall continues to be owned and operated by General Growth. In 2008, following the US economic meltdown, several stores, including some open for years, closed down. Other spaces sat vacant, with their windows being used to other stores merchandise. The mall will be getting a renovation beginning in 2016, there will be a more updated modern storefront with restaurants similar to nearby Freehold Raceway Mall. They will also be adding a garage, another wing of stores. On June 28,2016, an 84-year-old man jumped to his death in the Sears wing in an apparent suicide and his name was not immediately released and motive was not clear. The man jumped from a second story balcony off a chair from a food court. The Primark store will lease the second floor from the Sears store at the mall in the future, several local, Select Bus Service and express New York City Transit Authority buses stop and either travel through or on the perimeter of the malls campus

12.
Hylan Boulevard
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Hylan Boulevard is a major northeast-southwest boulevard in the New York City borough of Staten Island. It is approximately 14 miles long, and runs from the North Shore neighborhood of Rosebank to the South Shore neighborhood of Tottenville and it was renamed in 1923 for New York City mayor John F. Hylan, before which it was known as Pennsylvania Avenue. It is often misunderstood to be read as Hyland or Highland Boulevard, Hylan Boulevard begins at Alice Austen House at the southeast end of Edgewater Street in Rosebank, its first major intersection coming at 0.2 miles, with Bay Street. It becomes divided by street markings at Tompkins Avenue, but then splits at.8 miles and crosses the Staten Island Expressway over two separate overpasses. Upon merging again, it becomes Steuben Street, and Hylan Boulevard continues east of there, Steuben meets Hylan again at 2.0 miles. Half a mile later, it intersects with Old Town Road and Quintard Street, major intersections following include Seaview Avenue and Midland Avenue. At 4.6 miles, Hylan intersects with New Dorp Lane at what is known to be one of Staten Islands worst intersections in the way of traffic and traffic collisions. Continuing southwest from there, it reverse-curves at approximately 5.6 miles, major intersections include Tysens Lane, Buffalo Street and Nelson Avenue. At 8.2 miles, it intersects with Richmond Avenue, as an integral artery of Staten Island, Hylan Boulevard is a major commercial corridor and a heavily trafficked roadway. Commercial establishments of all kinds line the boulevards north-central stretch, with shopping centers in. At Buffalo Street is the entrance to Great Kills Park, part of the larger Gateway National Recreation Area, in the neighborhood of Great Kills there are more businesses, but south of Richmond Avenue, the boulevard is almost entirely residential. The former South Beach line of the railway did cross the boulevard just east of the Rosebank station, Hylan Blvd is served by MTA NYCT and NYC DOT buses

13.
Staten Island Advance
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The Staten Island Advance is a daily newspaper published in the borough of Staten Island in New York City. The only daily newspaper published in the borough, and the borough to have its own major daily paper, it covers news of local and community interest. As of April 25,2007, Monday-Friday circulation was down 3. 9% from the previous year and it is the namesake and nominal flagship publication of Advance Publications. The Advance was created in 1886 by printer John J. Crawford, the name was changed to the Daily Advance before it was changed to its current name. When the Advance began, there were nine competing daily newspapers in Staten Island, the circulation of the Advance surpassed these early competitors. Its circulation grew from 4,500 in 1910 to over 80,000 by the mid 1990s. By the time Samuel Newhouse Sr. was 21 in 1916, his boss, Judge Lazarus rewarded him with a salary of around $30,000 per year, Newhouse purchased the Staten Island Advance with Judge Lazarus in 1922. This was one of the first newspapers he acquired, when Lazarus died in 1924, Newhouse bought his familys share of Staten Island Advance stock. Newhouse paid himself a salary greater than the total of all the salaries paid to the 65 newsroom employees there, the Newhouse family purchased newspapers in Syracuse, Jersey City and Harrisburg in the 1940s, and in St. Louis, Oregon and Alabama in the 1950s. Some began to wonder how the Newhouse family obtained so much money, the Newhouse familys wealth approached $200 million in the late 1950s, enabling it to purchase Vogue and other Conde Nast magazines. As Newspaperman reported, ‘They played every tax game there was’, where Newhouse developed a special advantage was in the way he avoided paying taxes for the profits that remained to him after the payment of corporate taxes. Doing so involved the creation of a corporate structure for the various newspapers. Because the Goldman-Glickman construct kept the various enterprises separate--for tax purposes at least--each could claim the right to its own surplus, taken together, the accumulation that resulted was many times what the IRS would have allowed had Newhouse simply treated all of his operations as a single corporation. After Samuel Newhouse Sr. died in 1979, his two sons, S. I. Newhouse, Jr. and Donald Newhouse, were accused of tax evasion by the IRS in 1983. One year after Newhouses death in 1979, the Advance Group purchased Random House, the original office of the Staten Island Advance was located on Castleton Avenue in the West Brighton neighborhood. In 1960, the moved to the current office on West Fingerboard Road in Grasmere. This is also nominally the headquarters for Advance Publications, though the company has never had a formal headquarters

14.
Newspaper
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A newspaper is a serial publication containing news about current events, other informative articles about politics, sports, arts, and so on, and advertising. A newspaper is usually, but not exclusively, printed on relatively inexpensive, the journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. As of 2017, most newspapers are now published online as well as in print, the online versions are called online newspapers or news websites. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly, News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news, typically the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings. Papers also include articles which have no byline, these articles are written by staff writers, a wide variety of material has been published in newspapers. As of 2017, newspapers may also provide information about new movies, most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. Some newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded, their reliance on advertising revenue, the editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always subject to the interests of someone, whether owners, advertisers, or a government. Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high quality. This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the world, circa 2005, there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the world selling 395 million print copies a day. Worldwide annual revenue approached $100 billion in 2005-7, then plunged during the financial crisis of 2008-9. Revenue in 2016 fell to only $53 billion, hurting every major publisher as their efforts to gain online income fell far short of the goal. Besides remodeling advertising, the internet has also challenged the business models of the era by crowdsourcing both publishing in general and, more specifically, journalism. In addition, the rise of news aggregators, which bundle linked articles from online newspapers. Increasing paywalling of online newspapers may be counteracting those effects, the oldest newspaper still published is the Gazzetta di Mantova, which was established in Mantua in 1664. While online newspapers have increased access to newspapers by people with Internet access, literacy is also a factor which prevents people who cannot read from being able to benefit from reading newspapers. Periodicity, They are published at intervals, typically daily or weekly. This ensures that newspapers can provide information on newly-emerging news stories or events, currency, Its information is as up to date as its publication schedule allows

15.
Concord, Staten Island
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Concord is a neighborhood located in the borough of Staten Island in New York City, New York, United States. Early residents of Concord included Judge William Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, in the early 19th Century, Concord had a significant German immigrant population that was dominant. Concord currently consists of homes, small apartment buildings. The neighborhood’s center is traversed by some of the most heavily traveled roads on Staten Island, including Clove Road, Richmond Road, Targee Street, in 1985, Staten Islands first mosque opened in Concord, it later moved to Tompkinsville, however. Concord is served by P. S.48 on Targee Street, Concord is served by the S74/S76 buses on Targee Street, the S53/S93 on Clove Road/Narrows Road, and the X10, X14, and X15 express buses to Manhattan

16.
Emerson Hill, Staten Island
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Emerson Hill is the name of a hilly area, and the neighborhood upon which the hill is situated, in Staten Island, New York, one of the five boroughs of New York City, United States. A highly affluent community, the roads on Emerson Hill are technically private, since the gates are seldom closed and are not staffed by security personnel, it does not qualify as a gated community. Emerson Hill is separated from its northern neighbor Grymes Hill by the Staten Island Expressway, the equally exclusive neighborhood of Todt Hill — where private roads also exist — borders Emerson Hill on the south. Willie and Haven were tutored in 1843 by Henry David Thoreau and it was the only time in his adult life that Thoreau lived anywhere but Concord, Massachusetts. In 1971, two large mock Tudor homes at the end of Longfellow Avenue served as Casa Corleone for the filming of Francis Ford Coppolas classic movie The Godfather

17.
Rosebank, Staten Island
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Rosebank is a neighborhood in the northeastern part of Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City. It is bordered by Clifton to the north, Arrochar to the south, originally called Peterstown, then called Clifton, Village of Edgewater, the name Rosebank appears to have been first used to denote the neighborhood around 1880. Before 1880, the area was the Newport RI of the USA, the area was home to great estates, some of the richest families in the country had mansions along the shore and inland. The New York Yacht Club summer house was next to the Alice Austen House, the Vanderbilts, Aspinwalls and Townsends built and attended St Johns Church. The first baptism was Cornelius Vanderbilt II, whose father donated Vanderbilt University, in recent years the town has experienced an influx of other ethnic groups, including Eastern Europeans, various Hispanic nationalities as well as Asians, particularly from the Philippines. As a result, there is disagreement as into which region of the island Rosebank should be classified. The Garibaldi-Meucci Museum is named for a resident, Antonio Meucci. However, impoverished, he was unable to obtain a patent or to market it, when Giuseppe Garibaldi visited the United States while in exile from Italy, he stayed for a time at the home of Meucci. This home is now a museum named for the two men, in addition to the Garibaldi-Meucci Museum, the Elizabeth Alice Austen House, McFarlane-Bredt House, and Our Lady of Mount Carmel Grotto are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Notable current and former residents of Rosebank include, Alice Austen, Photographer, sir Roderick W. Cameron, shipping company owner. Nicole Malliotakis, member of the New York Assembly and first Hispanic-American elected to a Staten Island district, service on this branch was halted in 1953. The station was located near Clifton Avenue and Tilson Place and it is also served by the X1, X2, X3, and X9 express buses from Manhattan on Narrows Road North

18.
Shore Acres, Staten Island
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Shore Acres is a neighborhood of Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City. It is situated along the Upper New York Bay, just north of Fort Wadsworth and south of Rosebank, kolff, a prominent real estate developer and one-time President of the Staten Island Chamber of Commerce. Soon after the homes were built, the name Shore Acres began to be applied to the locality itself, Shore Acres is distinctive for its secluded atmosphere, in large part provided by abundant shade trees. Shore Acres is only served by one bus route and it is the S51/81, which runs on Bay Street

19.
Fort Wadsworth
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Prior to closing in 1994 it claimed to be the longest continually garrisoned military installation in the United States. Fort Wadsworth is now part of the Staten Island Unit of Gateway National Recreation Area, the site is said to have been continuously garrisoned since another blockhouse was built in 1663, which survived at least through 1808. During the American Revolution the area known as Flagstaff Fort, captured by the British in 1776. It became the responsibility of New York State in 1806, at which time four forts were built on the site with state resources, Fort Tompkins at that time included a red sandstone enclosure containing the 1663 blockhouse. Although these forts were contemporary with the governments second system of seacoast fortifications. Federal rebuilding of Forts Richmond and Tompkins did not begin until 1847, Fort Richmond was named for Richmond County, in which Staten Island is located. Fort Tompkins was named for Daniel D. Tompkins, New Yorks governor in the War of 1812, Fort Morton was possibly named for Major General Jacob Morton, commander of the New York state militia in the War of 1812. Fort Hudson was named for Henry Hudson, a British-born explorer for the Dutch East India Company who explored the river named for him, during the War of 1812 the state expanded Fort Richmond and its surrounding forts. In 1814 money was appropriated to complete Forts Richmond and Tompkins, New York City was not attacked in that war, so the forts never fired in anger. By 1835 Forts Richmond and Tompkins had deteriorated to the point that they were declared unfit for use, some sources state that the new Forts Richmond and Tompkins were initially designed by Robert E. Lee during his tenure as post engineer at Fort Hamilton in the 1840s. Fort Richmond had one front and three seacoast fronts, with an unusual four tiers of cannon totaling 116 guns to seaward. The four-tier arrangement was only duplicated in the United States by Fort Point in San Francisco, Fort Tompkins provided the bulk of the landward defense in the area, with one seaward and four landward fronts. It was unusual in having no embrasures for cannon in the main fort, a seacoast cannon battery was mounted on the roof of the seacoast front, and the rest of the fort had only musket loopholes. It had a ditch on the sides with tunnels to counterscarp galleries providing additional musket fire against enemies in the ditch. Both forts were ready for service, though incomplete, when the Civil War broke out in April,1861. New York City was not attacked by sea in the Civil War, however, they were important as mobilization centers, including Smiths Cantonment near the forts. The North and South Cliff batteries were built flanking Fort Richmond, two small batteries of two and five guns were also built near Fort Tompkins. Following the war, it was determined that masonry forts were obsolete, in the 1870s a large-scale but short-lived program of building new earth-protected batteries near existing forts commenced

20.
Old Town, Staten Island
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Old Town is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Staten Island, located on its East Shore. Old Town was established in August 1661 as part of New Netherland, originally described as Oude Dorpe, much of its original territory makes up what is present-day South Beach, with parts of Midland Beach and Dongan Hills. The area was settled by a group of Dutch, Walloon, present-day Old Town is typically described as the neighborhood bordered by Grasmere to the north, Dongan Hills to the south, South Beach to the east, and Concord to the west. The neighborhood is served by the Old Town station of the Staten Island Railway, the neighborhood is also served by the S78 and S79 buses on Hylan Boulevard and the S74 and S76 buses on Richmond Road, and the X1, X2, X3, and X9 express buses. The New York Tattoo Museum, located on Old Town Road, the Academy of St. Dorothy, a private Roman Catholic elementary school sits on Hylan Boulevard in Old Town. Carmel Richmond Healthcare and Rehabilitation Center, a Roman Catholic nursing home sits on Old Town Road, the home was established by the sisters of the Carmelite Order in the 1970s. A Very Special Place, a school for disabled children was opened on Quintard Street in the late 1990s. James Oddo, an American politician and member of the New York City Council is a resident of Old Town. Holdens Staten Island, The History of Richmond County, Center for Migration Studies, New York

21.
Arrochar, Staten Island
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Arrochar is a neighborhood in northeastern Staten Island in New York City in the United States. It is located inland of Fort Wadsworth and South Beach, on the east side of Hylan Boulevard south of the Staten Island Expressway. It is today primarily a neighborhood of one- and two-family homes, prior to the arrival of Europeans in the late 17th century to Staten Island, the area was the site of a Lenape encampment. The name Arrochar comes from the estate of William Wallace MacFarland in the 1840s, who named it for his hometown of Arrochar in Scotland, at the beginning of the 20th century the neighborhood became a fashionable gateway to the resort communities of South Beach and Midland Beach. The house of the MacFarland estate is now part of the grounds of St. Joseph Hill Academy, across Landis Avenue from St. Joseph Hill Academy sits St. John Villa Academy, also a Roman Catholic girls school. Throughout the 20th century it became a neighborhood for various ethnic groups. Arrochar today is inhabited by many Italians and has a growing Chinese-American community as well. Arrochar is served by the elementary school P. S.39, Arrochar once had its own train station, on the South Beach Branch of the Staten Island Railway. The station was located at Major Avenue and this station was abandoned when the SIRT discontinued passenger service on the South Beach Branch to Wentworth Avenue at midnight on March 31,1953 because of city-operated bus competition. The tracks of the South Beach line have been removed and homes now stand on its former right-of-way

22.
South Beach, Staten Island
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South Beach is a neighborhood on the East Shore of Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City, USA. It is situated immediately to the south of the Staten Island side of the Verrazano Narrows Bridge, directly east of the beach is Hoffman Island, and Swinburne Island. FDNY Engine Company 161/Ladder Company 81 serves South Beach, once referred to as Graham Beach, the area was originally a summer beach colony consisting of many bungalows and tents. Located nearby was Warren Manor, a development that was demolished in the 1950s to make way for a proposed new City University campus that was never built. In the early 20th century, many summer homes dotted the neighborhood, today, Railroad Avenue and the Robin Road Trestle are the only evidence left behind. Small amusement parks and arcades, such as the Happyland Amusement Park, once flourished there, but virtually all had disappeared by the 1970s, the last one closed in 2006. The City of New York built a housing project in the neighborhood in 1949. In the early 20th century, many Italian-Americans, including immigrants, settled in the neighborhood, the location of the two hospitals was marshland as recently as the 1960s. South Beach was hit hard by Hurricane Sandy, as a result, homeowners are negotiating whether to buy out their homes for demolition. After several homes were damaged, many local homeowners later elected to buy out their homes to be demolished, the southernmost tip of South Beach is called Ocean Breeze. Because of the flooding that results from the terrain, the New Creek bluebelt. New York Public Library operates the South Beach Branch at 21-25 Robin Road at Ocean Avenue, Public School 39- Francis J. Murphy Junior Public School 46- Albert V. Maniscalco South Beach is served by a number of local and express buses. South Beach was served by the Staten Island Railway until March 31,1953, along Hylan Boulevard S78 S79 Along Father Cappodano Boulevard S51/81 S52 (travels between the St. George Ferry Terminal and Staten Island University Hospital North off Seaview Avenue. Along Hylan Boulevard X1 X2 X3 X9 Along Father Cappodano Boulevard X4 X5 X7 X8

23.
Dongan Hills, Staten Island
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Dongan Hills is a neighborhood located within the New York City borough of Staten Island. It is on the Islands East Shore, the neighborhood was originally known by two separate names, the western half being called Hillside Park and the eastern half Linden Park. The name of Dongan Hills was originally Garretsons and it was changed to Dongan Hills to avoid confusion with Garrison on Hudson. The neighborhood was renamed for Thomas Dongan, the Irish-born governor of the Province of New York after the Kingdom of England acquired it from the Netherlands in 1682, however, there is a section of Dongan Hills that contains large hills. This portion of the neighborhood is called, the Dongan Hills Colony, the Colony is located above Richmond Road and borders the neighborhood of Todt Hill. The neighborhood is home to FDNY Engine Company 159, and quartered with it. Population growth accelerated in the area when the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge linking Staten Island with Brooklyn was opened in November 1964, indeed, recent arrivals from Brooklyn have overwhelmed the descendants of the original residents, and now form a majority of the neighborhoods population. Most of the residents are Italian American, with a small amount of other residents being of Irish. The Billiou-Stillwell-Perine House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, Dongan Hills is served by the Staten Island Railway station of the same name. Dongan Hills is also served by the S74, S76, S78, S79, S84, S86 local buses, New York Public Library operates the Dongan Hills Branch at 1617 Richmond Road, between Seaview Avenue and Liberty Avenue

24.
Lower New York Bay
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Lower New York Bay is a section of New York Bay south of the Narrows, the relatively narrow strait between the shores of Staten Island and Brooklyn. The southern end of the bay opens directly to the Atlantic Ocean between two spits of land, Sandy Hook, New Jersey, and Rockaway, Queens, on Long Island. The southern portion between Staten Island and New Jersey, at the mouth of the Raritan River, is named Raritan Bay, the nearby part of the Atlantic Ocean between New Jersey and Long Island is the New York Bight. In the 20th century, due to increased population and industrial pollution, the water quality of the bay began to improve with the passage of the Clean Water Act. The main shipping channel through Lower New York Bay is the Ambrose Channel,2,000 feet wide, the channel is navigable by ships with up to a 37-foot draft at low tide. The entrance to the Ambrose Channel was marked for many years by the Lightship Ambrose, the bay contains popular beaches at Brighton Beach and Coney Island in Brooklyn. There are also beaches on Staten Island, just outside the bay, facing the Atlantic, are the beaches of Sandy Hook and the Rockaways. Several lighthouses were built to aid navigation in and around Lower New York Bay, the earliest, at Sandy Hook, was built in colonial times. Hoffman Island was created in 1873 from Orchard Shoals and it was named for former New York City mayor and then-current New York Governor John T. Hoffman. Swinburne Island, with an area of about 4 acres, lies immediately to the south, Swinburne Island was originally called Dix Island, but was renamed in honor of Dr. John Swinburne, a noted military surgeon during the Civil War. In the early 20th century, both islands were used as a station, housing immigrants found to have been carrying contagious diseases when they landed at Ellis Island. At the start of World War II the United States Merchant Marine used both islands as a station, the Quonset huts built during this period still stand on Swinburne Island. The other major use for the two islands during World War II were as anchorages for antisubmarine nets that fenced off New York Bay from the Atlantic Ocean to keep enemy submarines out, both islands are now part of Gateway National Recreation Area. Fort Lafayette was on an island in the Narrows, just off the Brooklyn shore. That island was removed during construction of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, upper New York Bay Hudson River Geography of New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary Port of New York and New Jersey New York Harbor

25.
Twisted Sister
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Twisted Sister was an American heavy metal band originally from Ho-Ho-Kus, New Jersey, and later based in Long Island, New York. Twisted Sisters most well-known hits include Were Not Gonna Take It and I Wanna Rock, many of the bands songs explore themes of parent vs. child conflicts and criticisms of the educational system. Although the band is often considered glam metal for its image, Twisted Sister are also ranked No.73 in VH1s 100 greatest artists of hard rock. The band Silver Star, soon to be renamed to Twisted Sister, was formed after John Segall was added following auditions in the house located in Ho-Ho-Kus. Manhattan resident John Segall auditioned and was asked to join the glitter band Silver Star, Silver Star was the creation of the drummer Mel Anderson as the New Jersey version of the New York Dolls, consisting of Billy Diamond, Wayne Brown, Tony Bunn, Steve Guarino. At the same time as Silver Star/Twisted Sister was created, Mel Stars brother, Al Anderson, was the player for Bob Marley. Segall hated the name Silver Star and pushed to have it changed, michael ONeill took over the lead singer role from Wayne Brown who had left. ONeill came up with the name Twisted Sister at a rehearsal on Valentines Day in February 1973, along with the name change came some stylistic changes that eventually resulted in an amicable parting of ways for some members. Bassist Tony Bunn and keyboardist Steve Guarino left soon after first lead singer Brown, guitarist Billy Diamond, drummer Mel Star, Johnny Heartbreaker, and new bass player Kenneth Harrison Neill made up the next lineup of Twisted Sister. The band found work immediately and started playing six nights a week, the group secured a residency at the Mad Hatter in East Quogue, New York for the summer of 1973 and played 105 nights from Memorial Day to Labor day. The band played 78 shows there and played at other places as well. m, the second version of the band changed lead singers and guitar player and continued for a couple of months into 1975 before singer Rick Prince failed to show up for a rehearsal. In the third change, Jay Jay took over the lead vocals. The band split up after Labor Day weekend 1975, in October 1975, the fourth version of the band started to play the club circuit. Bass guitarist Kenny Neill remained and completed the lineup, the band followed a glam rock direction, influenced by David Bowie, Slade, Mott the Hoople, the Rolling Stones, and the New York Dolls. It played at clubs, but floundered in relative anonymity. Many former band members were fired or left the band and had issues with the other members. Danny changed his name to Dee at Jay Jays suggestion and thus began TS line up number six and this version lasted just six weeks. When version seven began on April 1,1976 with new drummer Tony Petri, the took a heavier musical direction, influenced by Black Sabbath, Led Zeppelin, Slade

26.
Sicilian Mafia
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The Sicilian Mafia, also known as simply the Mafia or Cosa Nostra, is a criminal syndicate in Sicily, Italy. It is an association of criminal groups that share a common organisational structure. The basic group is known as a family, clan, or cosca or cosche in Sicilian, each family claims sovereignty over a territory, usually a town or village or a neighbourhood of a larger city, in which it operates its rackets. Its members call themselves men of honour, although the public refers to them as mafiosi. The mafias core activities are protection racketeering, the arbitration of disputes between criminals, and the organizing and oversight of illegal agreements and transactions, following waves of emigration, the Mafia has spread to other countries such as the United States, Canada, and Australia. The word mafia originated in Sicily, though its origins are uncertain, the Sicilian adjective mafiusu roughly translates to mean swagger, but can also be translated as boldness, bravado. In reference to a man, mafiusu in 19th century Sicily was ambiguous, signifying a bully, arrogant but also fearless, enterprising and proud, in reference to a woman, however, the feminine-form adjective mafiusa means beautiful and attractive. The Sicilian word mafie refers to the caves near Trapani and Marsala, Sicily was once an Islamic emirate, therefore mafia might have Arabic roots. The words mafia and mafiusi are never mentioned in the play, the play is about a Palermo prison gang with traits similar to the Mafia, a boss, an initiation ritual, and talk of umirtà and pizzu. The play had great success throughout Italy, soon after, the use of the term mafia began appearing in the Italian states early reports on the phenomenon. The word made its first official appearance in 1865 in a report by the prefect of Palermo Filippo Antonio Gualterio, the term mafia has become a generic term for any organized criminal network with similar structure, methods, and interests. Nowadays people have gone so far in the direction that it has become an overused term. According to mafia turncoats, the name of the mafia is Cosa Nostra. Italian-American mafioso Joseph Valachi testified before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the U. S. Senate Committee on Government Operations in 1963 and he revealed that American mafiosi referred to their organization by the term cosa nostra. At the time, it was understood as a name, fostered by the FBI. The FBI even added the article la to the term, calling it La Cosa Nostra, in 1984, mafia turncoat Tommaso Buscetta revealed to anti-mafia magistrate Giovanni Falcone that the term was used by the Sicilian Mafia, as well. Buscetta dismissed the word mafia as a literary creation. Other defectors such as Antonino Calderone and Salvatore Contorno confirmed the use of Cosa Nostra by members, mafiosi introduce known members to each other as belonging to cosa nostra or la stessa cosa, meaning he is the same thing as you — a mafioso

27.
New York State Assembly
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The New York State Assembly is the lower house of the New York State Legislature. The Assembly is composed of 150 members representing a number of districts. Assembly members serve two-year terms without term limits, the Assembly convenes at the State Capitol in Albany. The Speaker of the Assembly presides over the Assembly, the Speaker is elected by the Majority Conference followed by confirmation of the full Assembly through the passage of an Assembly Resolution. In addition to presiding over the body, the Speaker also has the leadership position. The minority leader is elected by party caucus, the majority leader of the Assembly is selected by, and serves at the pleasure of, the Speaker. The current Speaker is Democrat Carl Heastie of the 83rd Assembly District, the Majority Leader is Joseph Morelle of the 136th Assembly District. The Minority Leader is Republican Brian Kolb of the 131st Assembly District, the Assembly is dominated by the Democrats, who currently hold a 62-seat supermajority in the chamber. The Democrats have controlled the Assembly since 1975, †Elected in a special election Prominent past Assembly members include U. S. Senator Chuck Schumer, U. S. presidents Millard Fillmore and Theodore Roosevelt, U. S. vice presidents Aaron Burr and George Clinton, and New York governors George Pataki and Al Smith

28.
Cassius Marcellus Coolidge
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Cassius Marcellus Coolidge was an American artist, mainly known for his series of paintings Dogs Playing Poker. Known as Cash or Kash in his family, he signed his work in the 19th century with the latter spelling, sometimes spelling out his entire name, for comic effect. Coolidge was born in Antwerp, New York to abolitionist Quaker farmers and he had little formal training as an artist After leaving the family farm in the early 1860s, Coolidge had many careers. Between 1868 and 1872 he worked as a druggist and sign painter, founded a bank and a newspaper, then moved from Antwerp, New York, to Rochester, where he started painting dogs in human situations. Coolidge began his art career in his twenties, one of his jobs being the creation of cartoons for a local newspaper. The final product was similar to the produced at midways. According to the advertising firm Brown & Bigelow, then primarily a producer of advertising calendars, Coolidge began his relationship with the firm in 1903. On February 15,2005, two Coolidge paintings, A Bold Bluff and Waterloo, which may have been the originals of the used by Brown & Bigelow. Expected to fetch between $30,000 and $50,000, the pair sold for $590,400, the result surpassed the previous auction record of $74,000 for a Coolidge. Coolidges 1894 Poker Game realized $658,000 at a Sothebys New York sale on 18 November 2015, works by Cassius M. Coolidge at Project Gutenberg Unofficial Cassius Coolidge biography from DogsPlayingPoker

29.
Dogs Playing Poker
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Dogs Playing Poker refers collectively to an 1894 painting, a series of sixteen oil paintings, and a 1910 painting by Cassius Marcellus Coolidge. Brown & Bigelow commissioned the 16 painting series in 1903 to advertise cigars, critic Annette Ferrara has described Dogs Playing Poker as indelibly burned into. Through incessant reproduction on all manner of pop ephemera, the first painting, Coolidges 1894 Poker Game, realized $658,000 at a Sothebys New York sale on 18 November 2015. The title of Coolidges 1894 painting is Poker Game, some of the compositions in the series are modeled on paintings of human card-players by such artists as Caravaggio, Georges de La Tour, and Paul Cézanne. On February 15,2005, the originals of A Bold Bluff, the previous top price for a Coolidge was $74,000. The 2015 sale price of Coolidges 1894 Poker Game, $658,000, is now the highest price paid for a Coolidge, in the TV sitcom Cheers, Sam Malone loves the paintings while his more sophisticated lover, Diane Chambers, hates them. Sam says that he sees something new everytime he looks at it - such as one of the dogs cheating, the set for the TV show Roseanne had a reproduction of one of the paintings in the familys living room. The cover of the 1981 album, Moving Pictures, by Rush, features several pictures being moved, the 1998 ads showed animatronics dogs, while the 1999 commercials used human actors, including Herman Moore, Terrell Davis, Joe Theismann, and Jason Sehorn. The videogame Psychonauts by Tim Schafer has a level, named Black Velvetopia. Coincidentally, the right before Black Velvetopia is called Waterloo World. In the 1993 computer game Day of the Tentacle, a stylized DPP painting decorates the bedroom of one of the characters, in the Family Guy episode Saving Private Brian, Mayor West is discovered playing poker with dogs in the schools basement. Also in the Family Guy episode Road to Rhode Island, Stewie comments on Dogs Playing Poker paintings hanging on the wall at Brians mothers house and he suggests that since Jesus is alone in one of the other paintings, the dogs should invite him to their card game. In the 2009 Disney Pixar animated film Up, several of the dog characters are seen playing poker. In Larry Shues play The Foreigner, a character complains that she not want to be in her motel room because there is a Damn picture on the wall of some dogs playin poker. In the 1999 movie remake of The Thomas Crown Affair, the character Banning finds the stolen Monet in Crowns house, however, on expert examination it turns out to be a fake, painted on top of a Dogs Playing Poker canvas. In an episode of the TV series That 70s Show, DPP is parodied by the taking the places of the dogs. In an episode of Animaniacs, a young Pablo Picassos artistic frustration is demonstrated by his producing a DPP painting, in the TV show The Suite Life of Zack and Cody London gets inspired to buy a copy of the painting for her dogs birthday party. In an episode of White collar the main protagonist, who is considered an expert on art, weird Al Yankovic mentions Dogs Playing Poker in his song Velvet Elvis

30.
Coney Island Cyclone
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The Coney Island Cyclone is a historic wooden roller coaster that opened on June 26,1927, in the Coney Island section of Brooklyn, New York City. On June 18,1975, Dewey and Jerome Albert – owners of Astroland Park – entered into an agreement with New York City to operate the ride. Despite original plans by the city to scrap the ride in the early 1970s, Astroland Park continued to invest millions over the years in the upkeep of the Cyclone. After Astroland closed in 2008, Carol Hill Albert, president of Cyclone Coasters, in 2011, Luna Park took over operation of the Cyclone. It was declared a New York City landmark on July 12,1988, the track is 2,640 feet long and a 85-foot drop at its highest point, the first drop is at a 58.1 degree angle. Each of the three trains is made up of three cars, but only one train can run at a time. The rides top speed is 60 miles per hour and it takes one minute. From 2012-2015 the original Coney Island Cyclone roller coaster track was removed and replaced by track manufactured by the company Great Coasters International. The success of 1925s Thunderbolt and 1926s Tornado led Jack and Irving Rosenthal to buy land at the intersection of Surf Avenue, with a $100,000 investment, they hired leading coaster designer Vernon Keenan to design a new coaster. Harry C. Baker supervised the construction, which was done by companies including National Bridge Company and Cross, Austin. Its final cost has been reported to be around $146,000 to $175,000, when it opened on June 26,1927, a ride cost only twenty-five cents, about $3.50 when adjusted for inflation in 2012 compared to the current $10 per ride. In 1935, the Rosenthals took over management of Palisades Park, the Cyclone was put under the supervision of Christopher Feucht, a Coney Island veteran who had built a ride called Drop the Dips in 1907, and then doing minor retracking work on it. It continued to be popular, one of its many stories is from 1948. According to legend, he had not spoken in years but screamed while going down the Cyclones first drop and he promptly fainted after realizing he had just spoken. By the 1960s, attendance at Coney Island had declined, the crowds were getting more rowdy each season. In 1967 NYC decided that an extension to the New York Aquarium and its wholesome family, the city started procedures to claim the property by eminent domain. The then owners, East Coaster Corporation, tried to fight the city, during this time they did minimal long-term maintenance, and only enough to keep the ride operating safely. Their last court battle was the compensation for the ride, at one point they measured every beam, girder, and component of the ride to show the cost of materials was higher than the citys proposed compensation

31.
Coney Island
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The site was formerly an outer barrier island but became partially connected to the rest of Long Island by land fill. Coney Island is well known as the site of amusement parks, the attractions reached a historical peak during the first half of the 20th century, declining in popularity after World War II and years of neglect. Coney Island is the westernmost part of the islands of Long Island. At its highest it is 7 feet above sea level, the perimeter of Coney Island features man made structures designed to maintain its current shape. The beaches are not a natural feature with replenishing sand being cut off by the jetty at Breezy Point. Sand has been redeposited on the beaches via beach nourishment since 1922-1923, the first such project ever, Sheepshead Bay on the east side is, for the most part, enclosed in bulkheads. The original Native American inhabitants of the region, the Lenape and this name has been attributed the meaning of land without shadows or always in light describing how its south facing beaches always remained in sunlight. A second meaning attributed to Narrioch is point or corner of land, the Dutch established the colony of Nieuw Amsterdam in that area in the early 17th century. The western most island was Coney Island, a 1.25 mile shifting sandspit with an island at its western end extending into Lower New York Bay. East of Coney was originally a peninsula called Coney Hook but in 1750 a canal was dug through the Coney Hook salt-marsh from Brown’s creek east to Hubbard’s creek. This connection to the waterways behind the islands allowed shipping traffic to travel from Jamaica Bay to New York Harbor without having to venture out into the ocean, the canal turned Coney Hook into a detached half mile long island called Pine Island, due to the woods on it. East of Pine was the largest section of island called Gysberts or Guisberts Island, containing most of the land and extending east through todays Brighton Beach. Each island was separated by an inlet that could only be crossed at low tide, Development of the island was slow over the period of the Dutch occupation up through the early 1800s due to land disputes and the intervening Revolutionary War and War of 1812. By the early 1800s there were only a handful of farms across the entire island. There is no historical consensus on how the island got the name Coney Island, a name, in the form of Conyne Eylandt. Development on Coney Island has always been controversial, when the first structures were built around the 1830s, there was an outcry to prevent any development on the island and preserve it as a natural park. Starting in the early 1900s, the City of New York made efforts to all buildings. It was an effort to reclaim the beach which by then had almost completely built over with bath houses, clam bars, amusements

32.
Annadale, Staten Island
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Annadale is a neighborhood of New York City in the borough of Staten Island, New York, USA, situated on the islands South Shore. In 1929, immigrants from Spain purchased land along the Annadale shoreline, first tents, and later bungalows, were built at the site. The site was purchased and buildings demolished at the end of the 20th century so that several large, Annadale once had abundant woodland, but much of it was cleared in the last three decades of the 20th Century to make room for new homes. The northwestern part of Annadale is now regarded as a separate neighborhood known as Arden Heights. Southeast Annadale also harbors its own identity separate from the rest of the neighborhood and this quiet enclave is the section most often associated with Blue Heron Park. New York Public Library operates the Huguenot Park Branch, which serves Annadale and other neighborhoods, the branch opened in January 1985. Annadale is served by the Staten Island Railways Annadale Station, at Amboy Road/Annadale Road and it is served by the S55, S59, S78 local buses and the X23, X24 express buses

33.
Arden Heights, Staten Island
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Arden Heights is a name increasingly applied to the western part of Annadale, a neighborhood located on the South Shore of Staten Island, New York, USA. The name Arden Heights is found on most maps of New York City, Arden Heights is bordered by Annadale to the east, Huguenot to the south, the Arthur Kill to the west, and the Fresh Kills to the north. Long noted for being the site of St, the Greens feature clustered townhomes built around looped streets – one way in, one way out. Architectural guidelines and exterior home inspections by the Village Greens Homeowners Association have helped the community maintain its appearance, another Green – namely Rolling Hill Green – was built on land intended for the Village Greens but, for reasons unknown were never built. These Greens have their own recreational facilities, today, the project stands at the center of a community bearing its own identity, separate from that of Annadale. The area also has a small Asian & Hispanic population that is similar to Mid-Island neighborhoods than other South Shore neighborhoods. About a mile north of the Greens is the Aspen Knolls development, located off Arthur Kill Road, plans for this development began in the early 1990s and were originally meant for housing of Navy families. However, due to Base Realignment and Closure, the contract was terminated in November 1994 after the closure of the Staten Island Homeport in Stapleton. With the development already planned, the developer opted to market the one, construction began in 1995 and was finished in early 2006. During this time period, people moved into the community as each house was finished being built, the complex includes playing fields and a community center. Arden Heights is served by the S74/84 local buses along Arthur Kill Road, the S56 along Arden Avenue and Arthur Kill Road, and the S55 along Annadale Road. It is also served by buses to Manhattan, including the X17 and X19 along Arden Avenue and Arthur Kill Road. Arden Heights does not have a station on the Staten Island Railway, Arden Heights is served by the I. S.75 intermediate school. Www. IS75. org New York Public Library operates the Huguenot Park Branch, the branch opened in January 1985

34.
Arlington, Staten Island
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Arlington is a neighborhood on the North Shore of Staten Island, in New York City. It is a subsection of the Mariners Harbor neighborhood, located north of the North Shore Rail Line ROW, Arlington was given its name by Civil War veteran and resident Commander Moses Henry Leman. Arlington is the location of the Arlington Terrace Apartments on Holland Avenue, until March 31,1953, Arlington was served by the Arlington station of the Staten Island Railway. As of 2013, Arlington is served by the S40, S46, S48 local bus routes, express bus routes in Arlington are the X12,44 and I. S.72 in Heartland Village. The local high school is Port Richmond High School, a branch of the New York Public Library is planned for the community, to be located at 206 South Avenue. It is scheduled for completion in 2011, Arlington consists of the census tract 319.02. As of the 2010 census, the demographics were 54% Black or African American, 9% Nonhispanic White, 2% Asian, hispanics of any race made up 31% of the population. According to City-data, the household income in Arlington was $36,577 in 2009. 25. 7% of the population lives below the poverty line, making it one of the communities in Staten Island. Debi Rose, New York City Councilwoman

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Bay Terrace, Staten Island
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Bay Terrace is the name of a street, which in turn gave its name to a neighborhood, on the East Shore of Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City, USA. It is represented in the New York City Council by Joe Borelli, bay Terrace is bordered by Richmondtown to the north, Oakwood to the east, Great Kills to the west, and the Great Kills Harbor to the south. In recent years, many new commercial establishments — most notably a large shopping center built on the site of a swim club — have sprung up to serve the areas growing population. Guy Molinari, an American politician who was a member of the New York State Assembly and he also served as Staten Island Borough President from 1989-2001. Ron Thal, a rock guitar player who is currently a member of Guns N Roses lived in the area from his childhood through his mid 20s. Bay Terrace is served by the Staten Island Railway station with the same name, bay Terrace is also served by various buses along Hylan Boulevard. It is served by the S78, S79 local buses, as well as the X1, X4, X5, X7, X8, X24 express buses

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Bloomfield, Staten Island
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Bloomfield is the name of a neighborhood on the West Shore of the New York City borough of Staten Island. It lies immediately to the north of Travis-Chelsea and to the west of Bulls Head, pralls Island is situated in the Arthur Kill off its coast. Originally named Daniells Neck when first settled in the 17th Century and its present name first appeared on a local map in 1874. Throughout the 20th Century, very few people actually resided in Bloomfield, much of its land being used by companies to store heavy equipment. On February 10,1973, during an operation,42 workers were inside one of the TETCo natural gas tanks which had supposedly been completely drained ten months earlier. However, ignition occurred, causing a plume of combusting gas to rise within the tank, two workers near the top felt the heat and rushed to the safety of scaffolding outside. The other forty workers were not so fortunate and they all died as the concrete cap on the tank rose 20–30 feet in the air and then came crashing back down, crushing them to death. But the area has yet to witness the kind of construction that has been encountered virtually everywhere else on Staten Island since the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge opened in 1964. Bloomfield is served by the S46, S96 local-limited bus pair along South Avenue, a proposal for the West Shore Light Rail has it running down the Travis Branch of the North Shore Railroad, stopping at a station in Bloomfield

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Brighton Heights, Staten Island
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Brighton Heights is a neighborhood in New York Citys borough of Staten Island. Silver Lake borders Brighton Heights on the south, however the name Silver Lake is applied to the community on the side of the lake. The word Heights denotes the steep hill that rises from Tompkinsville to the east, Victory Boulevard climbs this hill, and as a result the hill itself is often called Victory Hill. Stapleton Heights is on the side of Victory Hill from Brighton Heights, and north of Brighton Heights is St. George. The northern section of Brighton Heights is sometimes referred to as Fort Hill, Brighton Heights has many large, older homes. Points of interest include a Jewish Community Center and the Brighton Heights Reformed Church, Brighton Heights is served by S42, S46, S48, S96, S98 local bus routes and the X30 express bus

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Bulls Head, Staten Island
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Bulls Head is a neighborhood in west-central Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City. It is bordered by New Springville to the south, Bloomfield to the west, Willowbrook to the east, Graniteville to the north, and Westerleigh to the north. The community received its name from an 18th-century tavern located at the intersection of Victory Boulevard and Richmond Avenue, during the American Revolution, this tavern became the local headquarters of the faction loyal to the British crown, or Tories, as they were colloquially known. As recently as the early 1960s, Bulls Head and the neighborhoods, such as Willowbrook to the east. Dramatic change came soon after the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge opened in 1964, soon many Jewish families, mostly from the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, settled in Bulls Head and other west mid-island neighborhoods. A smaller number of Asian immigrants live in Bulls Head, many of the residents are Italian Catholics served by Our Lady of Pity R. C. Bulls Heads schools are the elementary school P. S,60 and the intermediate school I. S. Most of the residents are zoned for Port Richmond High School, the Todt Hill Library is nearby, at 2550 Victory Boulevard. Bulls Head is served by the S44, S59, S62, S89, S92, S94 local buses and the X10, X11, X17 express buses. As of the 2010 census, the demographics of Bulls Head were roughly 71. 2% White,2. 3% Black, 15% Hispanic,9. 8% Asian, and 1. 7% Other. This is defining Bulls Head as everything within the boundaries of Census Tracts 291.03, and 291.04, as well as the blocks north of Willowbrook Park in Tract 273.01

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Castleton, Staten Island
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Castleton is a former town in the U. S. state of New York. It was located in the part of Staten Island prior to the incorporation of Staten Island into New York City in 1898. It had an area of 3880 acres and was bounded by Upper New York Bay on the east. The town dates from the late 17th century, the original manor house was constructed along Richmond Terrace, between Dongan Street and Bodin Street. It was destroyed by fire on December 25,1878, the town was incorporated by the state of New York in 1788. The town was dissolved in 1898 upon consolidation into the City of New York, the former town included the present-day neighborhoods of Castleton Corners New Brighton St. George Silver Lake Tompkinsville

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Castleton Corners, Staten Island
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Castleton Corners is an upscale neighborhood of Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City. It is in a region of the often referred as the North Shore. The word corners in the name refers to the intersection of Victory Boulevard and Manor Road. It was once called Centerville, but became popularly known as Castleton Corners when a post office by that name was opened there in 1872. The post office closed, but reopened in 1949, and today it is the general, or main, post office for Staten Island as a whole. The Todt Hill public housing project is actually in Castleton Corners in spite of its name, Castleton Corners is served by the S54, S61, S62, S66, S91, S92, S93 local bus routes, and the X12, X42 express bus routes. The former S67 route through Castleton Corners was discontinued in 2010 due to low ridership, and many bus routes through the area were truncated to run a shorter route or only during weekdays

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Charleston, Staten Island
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Charleston is a neighborhood, or section, of New York Citys borough of Staten Island. It is located on the islands South Shore, with Tottenville to the south, Pleasant Plains to the East, Rossville to the north, the neighborhood is represented in the New York City Council by Joe Borelli. Charleston, once a village settled by the Androvette family in 1699. The Androvettes engaged in farming and in approximately 1850, eight of the structures in the village belonged to the Androvette family. Many locals may still remember Charleston as Kreischerville, Balthasar Kreischer had three mansions built on Kreischer Hill, one of which stands to this day and is designated a historical landmark. The remaining Kreischer House at 4500 Arthur Kill Road at the intersection of Kreischer Street, was renovated by the Staten Island Land Development LLC, the mansion has a certificate of occupancy for a 70-seat restaurant that will operate at night. The factory, built in 1854, was destroyed by fire in 1877, the factory finally shut its doors in 1927. The name Charleston seems to have arisen during World War I, Charleston appears to have been chosen so as to name the village after Charles Kreischer, one of Balthasar Kreischers sons. Charleston once had its own United States Post Office branch, and mail sent there bore the postal code Staten Island 13, the post office, located at 28 Androvette Street, was closed in 1949. Also, a shopping center along Veterans Road West has opened hosting an Ethan Allen franchise. The Tides at Charleston, a community development of approximately 120 units broke ground in Summer 2007. Currently, a mall, the first ever in New York City, is in the early stages of construction on the neighborhoods waterfront. It is to be called the Waterfront Commons, and is slated for completion in 2010, a Kresicherville Active Adult community is slated to cost $25 million and will preserve the Kreischer mansion as a central landmark for the development. Charleston is one of the most remote and sparsely populated areas on Staten Island, the Charleston bus depot, off Arthur Kill Road, opened in January 2011. Charleston is served by the S74/S84 and S78 local buses along Arthur Kill Road, both routes terminate by the depot at the Bricktown Mall. As of 2002, the majority of houses in Charleston are single-family houses, the varieties of houses in Charleston include ranch houses, raised ranch houses, Victorian houses, detached Colonial houses, and French mansard houses. A significant number of houses in Charleston are around 70 to 80 years old and have prices ranging from $179,900 to $580,000, as of that year, some houses in the area are over 100 years old. As of 2002, many groups of people live in Charleston, including families of Irish

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Chelsea, Staten Island
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Chelsea is a small neighborhood located on the West Shore of Staten Island in New York City. It is bordered on the north by South Avenue, on the east by the William T. Davis Wildlife Refuge, on the south by Meredith Avenue, the area was originally named Pralltown after a family that was granted land there in 1675. During the Revolutionary period it was called Peanutville due to the storage there of quantities of peanuts for the passengers using the ferries to travel between New York and New Brunswick. In the 1950s, there were plans for Consolidated Edison to build an electric plant on 100 acres of land that it owned in Chelsea. Chelsea is mostly open marsh and is undeveloped, although there are some businesses. It borders on the Teleport and is the site of Staten Islands West Shore Plaza, Chelsea is served by the S46, S96 and S62, S92 local buses and the X11 express bus

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Egbertville, Staten Island
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Egbertville is the name of a neighborhood located immediately inland from, but classifiable within, the East Shore of the borough of Staten Island in New York City. Egbertville is at the center of the Staten Island Greenbelt, with the systems administrative offices being located there. Richmond Creek flows through a ravine, named the Egbertville Ravine after the neighborhood, the communitys main thoroughfare is Rockland Avenue, which provides a shortcut between New Dorp on the East Shore and the busy New Springville section of Mid-Island. The Jacques Marchais Center of Tibetan Art and Moore-McMillen House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Egbertville is served by the S54, S57, S74, S84 local buses

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Elm Park, Staten Island
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Elm Park is the name of a small park in the Port Richmond section of Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City, United States. The park is located across Innis Street from Port Richmond High School, the station was situated directly beneath Morningstar Road. Passenger service on branch of the railway was halted in 1953, a dilapidated remnant of the stations platform still exists. At various times, the neighborhood was known as Jacksonville and Lowville and its present name was given to it by a local physician, Dr. John T. Harrison, and refers to the elm trees that could be found on the doctors estate. In 2008 Senator Charles Schumer and other Staten Island representatives proposed a Park and Ride under the bridge, for users of bus service to Bayonne, residents have been opposed to this move, yet local businesses, according to the Staten Island Advance, support it. As of the 2010 census, the area was 43. 2% Hispanic,24. 1% White,23. 1% Black, 7% Asian, and 2. 6% Other This is using a definition of Census Tract 239, and Block Group 2 of Tract 223. Elm Park was served by the Staten Island Railways North Shore Branch at Elm Park, Elm Park is served by S40, S44, S89, S90, S94. Most public school students in Elm Park are zoned to the following schools,22 I. S.51 Port Richmond High School

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Eltingville, Staten Island
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Eltingville is the name of a neighborhood on Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City, USA. It is on the islands South Shore, immediately to the south of Great Kills, the main commercial area of Eltingville extends down Richmond Avenue, with offshoots heading north on Amboy Road and Hylan Boulevard. The neighborhood is represented in the New York City Council by Joe Borelli, originally called South Side, and later Seaside, the neighborhood owes its present name to a prominent family by the name of Elting which settled there in the late 19th century. It was the terminus of the Staten Island Railway until 1860. The communitys main business district sprang up around the railroad station, when Honeywood 6 and nearby Tottenville 8, with operators connecting all calls, converted to dial service the combined exchanges became Yukon 4. In the early 20th century, Eltingville was settled by Scandinavians, other family names included Johnson, Erickson, Ronning, Nygren, Bundesen and Swanson. In Eltingville town, one could buy herring in barrels which would be taken home. The Optimo Cigar store was run by a Norwegian man Paul Alan Moe. Eltingville Lutheran was a support base for this community. Many of the homes built in Eltingville, and other parts of the South Shore, were built by Scandinavian carpenters. Another prominent builder was Ernst Nilsson, who emigrated from Sweden at the age of 12 making himself into a millionaire, many of these homes continue to be torn down, and little is documented about the contributions of these immigrants. Beginning in the mid-1960s, Eltingville, like many other Staten Island neighborhoods, was the scene of new home construction. This caused logistical problems, chiefly a lack of sewer lines, as a result, local traffic frequently had to be detoured from many main thoroughfares, including a large section of Hylan Boulevard in the early 1990s. The offices of State Senator Andrew Lanza and New York City Councilman Joseph Borelli are also located on Richmond Avenue in the neighborhood, there is a smaller number of Irish-Americans as well as a growing population of Russians and other ethnic groups. For many years, the Eltingville train station had an Optimo cigar store situated adjacent to the leading up to the platform. The chain of Optimo cigar stores was once an iconic sight around the five boroughs of New York City, the St. Albans Episcopal Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The area is home to schools, including P. S. 42 and Eltingville Lutheran School, all of which students to I. S.7 for middle school