The notion of families of quantum invertible maps (C$^*$-algebra
homomorphisms satisfying PodleÅ' condition) is employed to strengthen
and reinterpret several results concerning universal quantum
groups acting on finite quantum spaces. In particular Wang's
quantum automorphism groups are shown to be universal with respect
to quantum families of invertible maps. Further the construction
of the Hopf image of Banica and Bichon is phrased in the purely
analytic language and employed to define the quantum subgroup
generated by a family of quantum subgroups or more generally
a family of quantum invertible maps.

A category structure for Bratteli diagrams is proposed and a
functor from
the category of AF algebras to the category of Bratteli diagrams
is
constructed. Since isomorphism of Bratteli diagrams in this
category coincides
with Bratteli's notion of equivalence, we obtain in particular
a functorial formulation of Bratteli's
classification of AF algebras (and at the same time, of Glimm's
classification of UHF~algebras).
It is shown that the three approaches
to classification of AF~algebras, namely, through Bratteli diagrams,
K-theory, and
abstract classifying categories, are essentially the same
from a categorical point of view.

We show that the assignment of the (left) completely bounded
multiplier algebra
$M_{cb}^l(L^1(\mathbb G))$ to a locally compact quantum group
$\mathbb G$, and
the assignment of the intrinsic group, form functors between
appropriate
categories. Morphisms of locally compact quantum
groups can be described by Hopf $*$-homomorphisms between universal
$C^*$-algebras, by bicharacters, or by special sorts of coactions.
We show that the whole
theory of completely bounded multipliers can be lifted to the
universal
$C^*$-algebra level, and that then the different pictures of
both multipliers
(reduced, universal, and as centralisers)
and morphisms interact in extremely natural ways. The intrinsic
group of a
quantum group can be realised as a class of multipliers, and
so our techniques
immediately apply. We also show how to think of the intrinsic
group using
the universal $C^*$-algebra picture, and then, again, show how
the differing
views on the intrinsic group interact naturally with morphisms.
We show that
the intrinsic group is the ``maximal classical'' quantum subgroup
of a locally
compact quantum group, show that it is even closed in the strong
Vaes sense,
and that the intrinsic group functor is an adjoint to the inclusion
functor
from locally compact groups to quantum groups.

The notion of positive-definite functions over locally compact
quantum
groups was recently introduced and studied by Daws and Salmi.
Based
on this work, we generalize various well-known results about
positive-definite
functions over groups to the quantum framework. Among these are
theorems
on "square roots" of positive-definite functions, comparison
of
various topologies, positive-definite measures and characterizations
of amenability, and the separation property with respect to compact
quantum subgroups.

We study unitary quotients of the free product unitary pivotal
category $A_2*T_2$.
We show that such quotients are parametrized by an integer $n\geq
1$ and an $2n$-th root of unity $\omega$.
We show that for $n=1,2,3$, there is exactly one quotient and
$\omega=1$.
For $4\leq n\leq 10$, we show that there are no such quotients.
Our methods also apply to quotients of $T_2*T_2$, where we have
a similar result.
The essence of our method is a consistency check on jellyfish
relations.
While we only treat the specific cases of $A_2 * T_2$ and $T_2
* T_2$, we anticipate that our technique can be extended to a
general method for proving nonexistence of planar algebras with
a specified principal graph.
During the preparation of this manuscript, we learnt of Liu's
independent result on composites of $A_3$ and $A_4$ subfactor
planar algebras
(arxiv:1308.5691).
In 1994, Bisch-Haagerup showed that the principal graph of a
composite of $A_3$ and $A_4$ must fit into a certain family,
and Liu has classified all such subfactor planar algebras.
We explain the connection between the quotient categories and
the corresponding composite subfactor planar algebras.
As a corollary of Liu's result, there are no such quotient categories
for $n\geq 4$.
This is an abridged version of
arxiv:1308.5723.

We investigate the representation theory of the
crossed-product $C^*$-algebra associated to a compact group $G$
acting on a locally compact space $X$ when the stability subgroups
vary discontinuously.
Our main result applies when $G$ has a principal stability subgroup or
$X$ is locally of finite $G$-orbit type. Then the upper multiplicity
of the representation of the crossed product induced from an
irreducible representation $V$ of a stability subgroup is obtained by
restricting $V$ to a certain closed subgroup of the stability subgroup
and taking the maximum of the multiplicities of the irreducible
summands occurring in the restriction of $V$. As a corollary we obtain
that when the trivial subgroup is a principal stability subgroup, the
crossed product is a Fell algebra if and only if every stability
subgroup is abelian. A second corollary is that the $C^*$-algebra of
the motion group $\mathbb{R}^n\rtimes \operatorname{SO}(n)$ is a Fell algebra. This uses
the classical branching theorem for the special orthogonal group
$\operatorname{SO}(n)$ with respect to $\operatorname{SO}(n-1)$. Since proper transformation
groups are locally induced from the actions of compact groups, we
describe how some of our results can be extended to transformation
groups that are locally proper.

We prove two results about nonunital index theory left open in a
previous paper. The
first is that the spectral triple arising from an action of the reals on a $C^*$-algebra with invariant trace
satisfies the hypotheses of the nonunital local index formula. The second result concerns the meaning of spectral flow in the nonunital case. For the special case of paths
arising from the odd
index pairing for smooth spectral triples in the nonunital setting we are able to connect with earlier approaches to the analytic definition of spectral flow.

Associated with two commutative Banach algebras $A$ and $B$ and
a character $\theta$ of $B$ is a certain Banach algebra product
$A\times_\theta B$, which is a splitting extension of $B$ by
$A$. We investigate two topics for the algebra $A\times_\theta
B$ in relation to the corresponding ones of $A$ and $B$. The
first one is the Bochner-Schoenberg-Eberlein property and the
algebra of Bochner-Schoenberg-Eberlein functions on the spectrum,
whereas the second one concerns the wide range of spectral synthesis
problems for $A\times_\theta B$.

Let $\beta\colon S^{2n+1}\to S^{2n+1}$ be a minimal homeomorphism ($n\ge 1$). We show that
the crossed product $C(S^{2n+1})\rtimes_\beta \mathbb{Z}$ has rational tracial rank at most one.
Let $\Omega$ be a connected compact metric space with finite covering dimension and
with $H^1(\Omega, \mathbb{Z})=\{0\}.$ Suppose that $K_i(C(\Omega))=\mathbb{Z}\oplus G_i,$ where $G_i$ is a finite abelian group, $i=0,1.$
Let $\beta\colon \Omega\to\Omega$ be a minimal homeomorphism. We also show that
$A=C(\Omega)\rtimes_\beta\mathbb{Z}$ has rational tracial rank at most one and is
classifiable.
In particular, this applies to the minimal dynamical systems on
odd dimensional real projective spaces.
This is done by studying minimal homeomorphisms on $X\times \Omega,$ where
$X$ is the Cantor set.

We demonstrate that the notions of bi-free independence and combinatorial-bi-free
independence of two-faced families are equivalent using a diagrammatic
view of bi-non-crossing partitions.
These diagrams produce an operator model on a Fock space suitable
for representing any two-faced family of non-commutative random
variables.
Furthermore, using a Kreweras complement on bi-non-crossing partitions
we establish the expected formulas for the multiplicative convolution
of a bi-free pair of two-faced families.

We found that if $u$ and $v$ are any two unitaries in
a unital $C^*$-algebra with $\|uv-vu\|\lt 2$ and $uvu^*v^*$ commutes with
$u$ and $v,$ then the $C^*$-subalgebra $A_{u,v}$ generated by $u$ and
$v$ is isomorphic to a quotient of some rotation algebra $A_\theta$
provided that $A_{u,v}$ has a unique tracial state.
We also found that the Exel trace formula holds in any unital
$C^*$-algebra.
Let $\theta\in (-1/2, 1/2)$ be a real number. We prove the
following:
For any $\epsilon\gt 0,$ there exists $\delta\gt 0$ satisfying the following:
if $u$ and $v$ are two unitaries in any unital simple $C^*$-algebra
$A$ with tracial rank zero such that
\[
\|uv-e^{2\pi i\theta}vu\|\lt \delta
\text{ and }
{1\over{2\pi i}}\tau(\log(uvu^*v^*))=\theta,
\]
for all tracial state $\tau$ of $A,$ then there exists a pair
of unitaries $\tilde{u}$ and $\tilde{v}$ in $A$
such that
\[
\tilde{u}\tilde{v}=e^{2\pi i\theta} \tilde{v}\tilde{u},\,\,
\|u-\tilde{u}\|\lt \epsilon
\text{ and }
\|v-\tilde{v}\|\lt \epsilon.
\]

The paper studies the $K$-theoretic invariants of the crossed product
$C^{*}$-algebras associated with an important family of homeomorphisms
of the tori $\mathbb{T}^{n}$ called Furstenberg transformations.
Using the Pimsner-Voiculescu theorem, we prove that given $n$, the
$K$-groups of those crossed products, whose corresponding $n\times n$
integer matrices are unipotent of maximal degree, always have the same
rank $a_{n}$. We show using the theory developed here that a claim
made in the literature about the torsion subgroups of these $K$-groups
is false. Using the representation theory of the simple Lie algebra
$\frak{sl}(2,\mathbb{C})$, we show that, remarkably, $a_{n}$ has a
combinatorial significance. For example, every $a_{2n+1}$ is just the
number of ways that $0$ can be represented as a sum of integers
between $-n$ and $n$ (with no repetitions). By adapting an argument
of van Lint (in which he answered a question of ErdÅs), a simple,
explicit formula for the asymptotic behavior of the sequence
$\{a_{n}\}$ is given. Finally, we describe the order structure of the
$K_{0}$-groups of an important class of Furstenberg crossed products,
obtaining their complete Elliott invariant using classification
results of H. Lin and N. C. Phillips.

Let $\mathcal{H}$ and $\mathcal{K}$ be infinite-dimensional separable
Hilbert spaces and ${\rm Lat}\,\mathcal{H}$ the lattice of all closed subspaces oh $\mathcal{H}$.
We describe the general form of pairs of bijective maps $\phi , \psi :
{\rm Lat}\,\mathcal{H} \to {\rm Lat}\,\mathcal{K}$ having the property that for every pair
$U,V \in {\rm Lat}\,\mathcal{H}$ we have $\mathcal{H} = U \oplus V \iff \mathcal{K} = \phi (U) \oplus \psi (V)$. Then we reformulate this theorem as a description
of bijective image equality and kernel equality preserving maps acting on bounded linear idempotent operators. Several known
structural results for maps on idempotents are easy consequences.

Let $G$ be a locally compact group. Let $A_{M}(G)$ ($A_{0}(G)$)denote
the closure of $A(G)$, the Fourier algebra of $G$ in the space of
bounded (completely bounded) multipliers of $A(G)$.
We call a locally compact group M-weakly amenable if
$A_M(G)$
has a
bounded approximate identity. We will show that when $G$ is M-weakly
amenable, the algebras $A_{M}(G)$ and $A_{0}(G)$ have
properties that are characteristic of the Fourier algebra of an
amenable group. Along the way we show that the sets of tolopolically
invariant means associated with these algebras have the same
cardinality as those of the Fourier algebra.

Let $\mathfrak{A}$ be a $C^{*}$-algebra with real rank zero which has
the stable weak cancellation property. Let $\mathfrak{I}$ be an ideal
of $\mathfrak{A}$ such that $\mathfrak{I}$ is stable and satisfies the
corona factorization property. We prove that
$
0 \to \mathfrak{I} \to \mathfrak{A} \to \mathfrak{A} / \mathfrak{I} \to 0
$
is a full extension if and only if the extension is stenotic and
$K$-lexicographic. {As an immediate application, we extend the
classification result for graph $C^*$-algebras obtained by Tomforde
and the first named author to the general non-unital case. In
combination with recent results by Katsura, Tomforde, West and the
first author, our result may also be used to give a purely
$K$-theoretical description of when an essential extension of two
simple and stable graph $C^*$-algebras is again a graph
$C^*$-algebra.}

A new characterization of the uniform convexity of
Banach space is obtained in the sense of Bishop-Phelps-BollobÃ¡s
theorem. It is also proved that the couple of Banach spaces $(X,Y)$
has the bishop-phelps-bollobÃ¡s property for every banach space $y$
when $X$ is uniformly convex. As a corollary, we show that the
Bishop-Phelps-BollobÃ¡s theorem holds for bilinear forms on
$\ell_p\times \ell_q$ ($1\lt p, q\lt \infty$).

We study approximately differentiable functions on metric measure spaces admitting a Cheeger differentiable structure. The main result is a Whitney-type characterization of approximately differentiable functions in this setting.
As an application, we prove a Stepanov-type theorem and consider approximate differentiability of Sobolev, $BV$ and maximal functions.

In this paper we use the recent developments in the
representation theory of locally compact quantum groups,
to assign, to each locally compact
quantum group $\mathbb{G}$, a locally compact group $\tilde {\mathbb{G}}$ which
is the quantum version of point-masses, and is an
invariant for the latter. We show that ``quantum point-masses"
can be identified with several other locally compact groups that can be
naturally assigned to the quantum group $\mathbb{G}$.
This assignment preserves compactness as well as
discreteness (hence also finiteness), and for large classes of quantum
groups, amenability. We calculate this invariant for some of the most
well-known examples of
non-classical quantum groups.
Also, we show that several structural properties of $\mathbb{G}$ are encoded
by $\tilde {\mathbb{G}}$: the latter, despite being a simpler object, can carry very
important information about $\mathbb{G}$.

We introduce generalised triple homomorphism between Jordan Banach
triple systems as a concept which extends the notion of generalised homomorphism between
Banach algebras given by K. Jarosz and B.E. Johnson in 1985 and 1987, respectively.
We prove that every generalised triple homomorphism between JB$^*$-triples
is automatically continuous. When particularised to C$^*$-algebras, we rediscover
one of the main theorems established by B.E. Johnson. We shall also consider generalised
triple derivations from a Jordan Banach triple $E$ into a Jordan Banach triple $E$-module,
proving that every generalised triple derivation from a JB$^*$-triple $E$ into itself or into $E^*$
is automatically continuous.

We prove that, in a setting of local Dirichlet forms on metric measure
spaces, a two-sided sub-Gaussian estimate of the heat kernel is equivalent
to the conjunction of the volume doubling propety, the elliptic Harnack
inequality and a certain estimate of the capacity between concentric balls.
The main technical tool is the equivalence between the capacity estimate and
the estimate of a mean exit time in a ball, that uses two-sided estimates of
a Green function in a ball.

We prove that the set of all support points of a nonempty closed convex bounded set $C$ in a real infinite-dimensional Banach space $X$ is $\mathrm{AR(}\sigma$-$\mathrm{compact)}$ and contractible. Under suitable conditions, similar results are proved also for the set of all support functionals of $C$ and for the domain, the graph and the range of the subdifferential map of a proper convex l.s.c. function on $X$.

The $q$-semicircular distribution is a probability law that
interpolates between the Gaussian law and the semicircular law. There
is a combinatorial interpretation of its moments in terms of matchings
where $q$ follows the number of crossings, whereas for the free
cumulants one has to restrict the enumeration to connected matchings.
The purpose of this article is to describe combinatorial properties of
the classical cumulants. We show that like the free cumulants, they
are obtained by an enumeration of connected matchings, the weight
being now an evaluation of the Tutte polynomial of a so-called
crossing graph. The case $q=0$ of these cumulants was studied by
Lassalle using symmetric functions and hypergeometric series. We show
that the underlying combinatorics is explained through the theory of
heaps, which is Viennot's geometric interpretation of the
Cartier-Foata monoid. This method also gives a general formula for
the cumulants in terms of free cumulants.

We introduce the concept of a rare element in a non-associative normed
algebra and show that the existence of such element is the only obstruction
to continuity of a surjective homomorphism from a non-associative Banach
algebra to a unital normed algebra with simple completion. Unital
associative algebras do not admit any rare element and hence automatic
continuity holds.

For a Lie group $G$, we show that the map
$C^\infty_c(G)\times C^\infty_c(G)\to C^\infty_c(G)$,
$(\gamma,\eta)\mapsto \gamma*\eta$
taking a pair of
test functions to their convolution is continuous if and only if $G$ is $\sigma$-compact.
More generally, consider $r,s,t
\in \mathbb{N}_0\cup\{\infty\}$ with $t\leq r+s$, locally convex spaces $E_1$, $E_2$
and a continuous bilinear map $b\colon E_1\times E_2\to F$
to a complete locally convex space $F$.
Let $\beta\colon C^r_c(G,E_1)\times C^s_c(G,E_2)\to C^t_c(G,F)$,
$(\gamma,\eta)\mapsto \gamma *_b\eta$ be the associated convolution map.
The main result is a characterization of those $(G,r,s,t,b)$
for which $\beta$ is continuous.
Convolution
of compactly supported continuous functions on a locally compact group
is also discussed, as well as convolution of compactly supported $L^1$-functions
and convolution of compactly supported Radon measures.

We study locally compact quantum groups $\mathbb{G}$ through the
convolution algebras $L_1(\mathbb{G})$ and $(T(L_2(\mathbb{G})),
\triangleright)$. We prove that the reduced quantum group
$C^*$-algebra $C_0(\mathbb{G})$ can be recovered from the convolution
$\triangleright$ by showing that the right $T(L_2(\mathbb{G}))$-module
$\langle K(L_2(\mathbb{G}) \triangleright T(L_2(\mathbb{G}))\rangle$ is
equal to $C_0(\mathbb{G})$. On the other hand, we show that the left
$T(L_2(\mathbb{G}))$-module $\langle T(L_2(\mathbb{G}))\triangleright
K(L_2(\mathbb{G})\rangle$ is isomorphic to the reduced crossed product
$C_0(\widehat{\mathbb{G}}) \,_r\!\ltimes C_0(\mathbb{G})$, and hence is
a much larger $C^*$-subalgebra of $B(L_2(\mathbb{G}))$.
We establish a natural isomorphism between the completely bounded
right multiplier algebras of $L_1(\mathbb{G})$ and
$(T(L_2(\mathbb{G})), \triangleright)$, and settle two invariance
problems associated with the representation theorem of
Junge-Neufang-Ruan (2009). We characterize regularity and discreteness
of the quantum group $\mathbb{G}$ in terms of continuity properties of
the convolution $\triangleright$ on $T(L_2(\mathbb{G}))$. We prove
that if $\mathbb{G}$ is semi-regular, then the space
$\langle T(L_2(\mathbb{G}))\triangleright B(L_2(\mathbb{G}))\rangle$ of right
$\mathbb{G}$-continuous operators on $L_2(\mathbb{G})$, which was
introduced by Bekka (1990) for $L_{\infty}(G)$, is a unital $C^*$-subalgebra
of $B(L_2(\mathbb{G}))$. In the representation framework formulated by
Neufang-Ruan-Spronk (2008) and Junge-Neufang-Ruan, we show that the
dual properties of compactness and discreteness can be characterized
simultaneously via automatic normality of quantum group bimodule maps
on $B(L_2(\mathbb{G}))$. We also characterize some commutation
relations of completely bounded multipliers of $(T(L_2(\mathbb{G})),
\triangleright)$ over $B(L_2(\mathbb{G}))$.