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On Keeping On

WHEN I heard the story of John Borling’s poems, I thought of Samuel Johnson’s quip about a dog that walks on its hind legs: it doesn’t matter whether it is done well; the surprising thing is that it is done at all.

Borling’s poems were tapped out in code, letter by letter, on the walls of a wretched cell in Hanoi during his six and a half years as a prisoner of war. Borling and his fellow captives committed the verses to memory and, 40 years after his release, they have been compiled in a book.

It doesn’t matter that “Taps on the Walls: Poems From the Hanoi Hilton” will probably not be taught in Ivy League English lit classes. His poems were spirit-lifters, mental calisthenics, acts of defiance and a way of improving the odds that his memories would make it home to his wife and daughter, even if he did not. That it was done at all says something heartening about the human spirit.

Captives at the Hoa Lo prison, the notorious North Vietnamese prison and torture mill known to its inmates as the Hanoi Hilton, communicated using a popular alphabet grid:

1. A B C D E

2. F G H I J

3. L M N O P

4. Q R S T U

5. V W X Y Z

You tap the number of the row, then tap the number across to reach the letter you want. So “poem” is (3,5) (3,4) (1,5) (3,2). For the letter K, use C or (2,6). Sometimes the verses were passed along in syncopated coughs; or a captive sweeping the prison corridor would scratch out the code with strokes of his bamboo broom. But mostly they were tapped on the walls. With practice, and using shortcuts, they could rap out up to 40 words a minute, Borling told me. If the inmates were caught tapping — and they were often caught — they were beaten.

After their first few years of isolated torment, the Hanoi Hilton captives were allowed to mingle, and they kept the verses alive by reciting them together.

Photo

Credit
R.O. Blechman

I’m a great believer in the power of poetry — I once suggested poetry readings as a form of therapy for our sclerotic Congress — and so is Borling. Of course the tappers also shared intelligence about their captors, reminiscences of family back home, jokes and lots of prayers, but Borling said that for military men — men of “armored heart,” he writes in the introduction to his book — poetry in particular entailed an opening of emotional channels that was painful and bracing. It forged bonds that helped the captives withstand the physical and mental agonies meant to break them. (The Hanoi Hilton made John McCain, one of Borling’s fellow captives, an ardent critic of torture, which he argues with some authority is not only evil but ineffective against a fortified will.)

The poet laureate of the Hanoi Hilton was freed at the end of America’s war in 1973. During his recuperation at Clark Air Base in the Philippines he bought a cassette recorder to get the verses down. He came home to a White House welcome, then settled back into his marriage and a military career that saw him to retirement with the rank of major general.

In 2004 Borling ran as a moderate Republican — by then, already a hopeless task — in the primary race for a vacant Senate seat from Illinois. The election was a spectacular pileup that saw the Republican nominee sidelined by allegations that he had dragged his wife to sex clubs. In search of a replacement, Republican leaders passed over Borling and settled on a right-wing carpetbagger. The ultimate winner was the Democrat, a newcomer named Barack Obama.

For his next act, Borling launched a campaign called SOS America that advocates a year of mandatory military service for all young American men. The conscripts would drill in small units, would augment the volunteer military, and could be called up later to assist with natural disasters. Borling sees it as a character-builder as much as a public service. He persuaded a congressman to introduce the idea as legislation, but it has gone nowhere. He scolds himself for getting distracted: “I should drop everything and work on this full time.”

This column began as an excuse to tell you the story of those poems, tapped through the walls of purgatory. It’s a pretty fine story unadorned. But I find it hard to resist reaching for a slightly bigger point.

Photo

Bill KellerCredit
Tony Cenicola/The New York Times

Viewed one way, as Borling will be the first to tell you, his life is a series of defeats. Shot down over Vietnam, he dragged his broken body to a road, planning to hijack a ride to freedom — but had the misfortune to flag down a truckload of North Vietnamese troops. Much later he threw himself into that Senate race, only to suffer the political handicap of being too sane for his own party. His attempt to rally Americans under the banner of mandatory service has been, in his words, “a blazing failure.”

He is amiably self-deprecating about his book, published at the urging of former comrades to mark the anniversary of their release. “Twenty-five percent doggerel,” he said of his work, adding that the rest has been likened by friends to a kind of pre-hip-hop, fighter-jock rap. All he asks is that “people will be a little gentle with it.”

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Sometimes the best you can do is extraordinary, even heroic, but more often you are lucky if it is barely enough. It seems to me Borling’s life is a tribute to the underrated virtue of perseverance — of just keeping on, and finding contentment in the effort.

Borling told me one of the readings that stuck with him from the humanities courses he took at the Air Force Academy was Camus’s “Myth of Sisyphus.” In it Camus argues that, in an absurd world, the poor hero condemned by the gods to roll a rock up a hill for eternity, always falling just short of the top, was ultimately a happy man. In recognizing and accepting futility, Sisyphus finds peace. In Borling’s variation, Sisyphus and the rest of us reach the top, but the outcome is pretty much the same.

“My view is that our job is to get the rock up and over the hill,” Borling said. “And once you do, the rock rolls down the other side, and what do you see? You see another hill. The essence of life is really just pushing rocks.”

A version of this op-ed appears in print on February 25, 2013, on Page A17 of the New York edition with the headline: On Keeping On. Today's Paper|Subscribe