..The results of this study demonstrate that assistant referees experience unique kinematical demands during soccer officiating and that the score in the battery of fitness tests adopted by FIFA was not correlated to match activities...

The relative age effect in European professional soccer: did ten years of research make any difference?

..Second, an off-field perceptual-cognitive training program can help assistant referees to deal with the perceptual consequences of the flash-lag illusion and to readjust their decision-making process accordingly...

..Overall, quality of offside decisions was not influenced by the position of the assistant referee relative to the offside line. In addition, flag errors can best be explained by the perceptual illusion induced by the flash-lag effect...

..The results support role specificity in association football refereeing. Further research should help to create role-specific perception and decision-making training programmes both for referees and assistant referees...

The effect of changed visual feedback on intention tremor in multiple sclerosis

..The consistency and high correlations between four repeated executions indicated short-term test-retest reliability. We conclude that the digitised spirography provide a useful instrumentation for quantifying MS intention tremor...