1.A.10.1.13
Glu2 AMPA receptor (GluR-2; GluA2). The 3-d structure is known at 3.6 Å resolution. It shows a 4-fold axis of symmetry in the transmembrane domain, and a 2-fold axis of symmetry overall, although it is a homotetramer (Sobolevsky et al. 2009). A structure showing an agoniar-bound form of the rat GluA2 receptor revealed conformational changes that occur during gating (Yelshanskaya et al. 2014). GluR2 interacts directly with β3 integrin (Pozo et al., 2012). In general, integrin receptors form macromolelcular complexes with ion channels (Becchetti et al. 2010). TARPS are required for AMP receptor function and trafficking, but seven other auxiliary subunits have also been identified (Sumioka 2013). For example, AMPA receptors are regulated by S-SCAM through TARPs (Danielson et al. 2012). The C-terminal domains of various TARPs (TC#8.A.16.2) play direct roles in the regulation of GluRs (Sager et al. 2011). Whole-genome analyses have linked multiple TARP loci to childhood epilepsy, schizophrenia and bipolar
disorders (Kato et al. 2010). Thus, TARPs emerge as vital components of excitatory synapses that participate both in signal
transduction and in neuropsychiatric disorders. The architecture of a fully occupied GluR2-TARP complex has been illucidated by cryoEM, showing the homomeric GluA2 AMPA receptor saturated with TARP Υ2 subunits, showing how the TARPs are
arranged with four-fold symmetry around the ion channel domain, making extensive interactions with
the M1, M2 and M4 TMSs (Zhao et al. 2016).