Superwave Theory Predictions
and their Subsequent Verification

Galactic Core Explosions - prevailing
concept (1980): At the time of this prediction, astronomers believed
that the cores of galaxies, including our own, become active
("explode") about every 10 to 100 million years and
stay active for about a million years. Since our own Galactic
core presently appears quiescent, they believed it would likely
remain inactive for many tens of millions of years. Although,
in 1977, astronomer Jan Oort cited evidence that our Galactic
core has been active within the past 10,000 years.

Prediction No. 1 (1980
-
1983): In his Ph.D. dissertation, LaViolette hypothesized that
galactic core explosions recur about every 10,000 years and last
for several hundred to a few thousand years. He was the first
to suggest such a short recurrence time for galactic core explosions
and that our own Galactic
core undergoes Seyfert-like explosions with similar frequency.

Subsequent concurrence (1998): In 1988, when presented with Dr. LaViolette's
Galactic explosion hypothesis, astronomer Mark Morris dismissed
the idea as having no merit. However, in 1998 after ten years
of observation, Morris was quoted as saying that the center of
our Galaxy explodes about every 10,000 years with these events
each lasting 100 years or so.

Cosmic Ray Propagation
- prevailing concept (1980
-
1983): At the time of this prediction,
astronomers believed that interstellar magnetic fields entrap
cosmic rays released from Galactic core outbursts and slow their
outward progress so that they reach the Earth after millions
of years in the form of a constant low intensity background radiation.

Prediction No. 2 (1980
-
83): Dr. LaViolette's studies concluded that Galactic center
cosmic ray volleys interact minimally with interstellar magnetic
fields and are able to propagate radially outward along rectilinear
trajectories traveling through the Galaxy at near light speed
in the form of a coherent, spherical, wave-like volley. He was
the first to suggest this idea of a "Galactic superwave."

Verification (1985):
Astrophysicists discovered that X-ray pulsars continuously shower
the Earth with high-energy cosmic ray particles that have traveled
over 25,000 light-years at nearly the speed of light, following
straight-line trajectories unaffected by interstellar magnetic
fields.

Verification (1997): Astrophysicists detected a strong
gamma ray pulse arriving from a galaxy billions of light years
away having a redshift of 3.4 (see Prediction No. 10 below).
Mainstream media, such as Sky & Telescope magazine,
suggested that this gamma ray pulse may be accompanied by a volley
of high energy cosmic ray particles travelling at very close
to the speed of light along a rectilinear trajectory and that
the gamma ray pulse is produced by the radial outward movement
of this volley. In effect, they were restating the same Galactic
superwave idea that LaViolette had proposed 14 years earlier
in the face of stiff resistance from mainstream astronomers.

Verification
(2000): Radio astronomers announce at the January 2000 American
Astronomical Society meeting that the synchrotron radio emission
radiated from the Galactic center (Sgr A*) is circularly polarized.
Scientists present at the meeting concurred with Dr. LaViolette's
suggestion that the circular polarization indicated that cosmic
ray electrons were travelling radially away from the Galactic
center along straight-line trajectories.

Cosmic Ray Bombardment - prevailing
concept (1980 - 83): At the time of this prediction, astronomers believed
that the background cosmic ray flux has remained constant for
millions of years, that intense cosmic ray bombardments occur
very infrequently, perhaps every 30 million years, primarily
as a result of nearby supernova explosions.

Prediction No. 3 (1980
-
1983): LaViolette concluded that a volley of Galactic cosmic
rays had bombarded the Earth and solar system toward the end
of the last ice age (ca. 14,000 years BP). Also his findings
suggested that other such superwaves had passed us at earlier
times and were responsible for triggering the initiation and
termination of the ice ages and mass extinctions. He was the
first to suggest recurrent highly-frequent cosmic ray bombardment
of the Earth.

Verification (1987):
Glaciologists discovered beryllium-10 isotope peaks in ice age
polar ice. These indicated that the cosmic ray flux on the Earth
became very high on several occasions during the last ice age,
confirming Dr. LaViolette's theory that Galactic superwaves have
repeatedly passed through our solar system in geologically recent
times.

Cosmic Debris Around Solar System -
prevailing concept (1980 - 83): At the time of this prediction, astronomers believed
that the solar system resided in a relatively dust free region
of space.

Prediction No. 4 (1980
-
1983): LaViolette hypothesized that large amounts of interstellar
dust and frozen cometary debris lie outside the solar system
just beyond the heliopause sheath and form a reservoir of material
that would have supplied large amounts of cosmic dust during
a prehistoric superwave event.

Verification (1984):
The IRAS satellite team published infrared observations showing
that the solar system is surrounded by nearby "cirrus"
dust cloud wisps.

Verification (1988): Astronomer H. Aumann's observations
suggested that the solar system is surrounded by a dust envelope
500 times denser than previously thought.

Verification (1992 - 95): Telescope observations revealed the presence
of the Kuiper belt, a dense population of cometary bodies encircling
the solar system, beginning just beyond the orbit of Neptune
and extending outward past the heliopause sheath.

Verification (1999):
Observations of the influx of interstellar dust particles using
the Ulysses spacecraft lead Markus Landgraf and his team of European
Space Agency astronomers to conclude that the solar system is
surrounded by a ring of orbiting dust that begins just outside
the orbit of Saturn.

Cosmic Dust Influx - prevailing concept
(1979):
At the time of this prediction, astronomers believed that the
rate at which cosmic dust particles have been entering the solar
system and the Earth's atmosphere has remained constant for millions
of years. They believed that the solar system lies in a relatively
clean interstellar space environment and hence that there is
no need to expect the occurrence of recent cosmic dust incursions.

Prediction No. 5 (Sept.
1979): LaViolette theorized that if a cosmic ray volley (superwave)
had passed by at the end of the ice age, it would have pushed
nearby interstellar dust into the solar system. To test this,
he began a plan to analyze ice age polar ice for traces of cosmic
dust.

Verification (1981
-
82): LaViolette was the first to measure the extraterrestrial
material content of prehistoric polar ice. Using the neutron
activation analysis technique, he found high levels of iridium
and nickel in 6 out of the 8 polar ice dust samples (35k to 73k
yrs BP), an indication that they contain high levels of cosmic
dust. This showed that Galactic superwaves may have affected
our solar system in the recent past. In addition, he discovered
gold in one 50,000 year old sample, making this the first time
gold had been discovered in polar ice.

Verification (1984): The IRAS satellite team reported
observations that the zodiacal dust cloud is tilted 3 degrees
relative to the ecliptic with ascending and descending ecliptic
nodes at 87° and 267°, but failed to draw a conclusion
from this finding. LaViolette realized that the nodes are aligned
with the Galactic-center-anticenter direction in support of his
earlier prediction that interstellar dust has recently entered
the solar system from the Galactic center direction. 1987: He
published a paper in Earth, Moon, and Planets journal
explaining that the orientation of the zodiacal dust cloud nodes
indicates that this zodiacal dust recently entered from the direction
of the Galactic center.

Verification (April 1993): NASA's Ulysses spacecraft
team published observations indicating that interstellar dust
is currently entering the solar system from the Galactic center
direction (from the direction the interstellar wind blows towards
us) and hence that most of the dust outside the asteroid belt
is of interstellar origin. Their findings were predicted by LaViolette's
1983 and 1987 publications.
One Ulysses team member had received Dr. LaViolette's publications
in 1985, but LaViolette's work was not cited.

Verification (1995): Cosmochemists publish observations
showing that Helium-3 concentrations in ocean sediments, an indicator
of extraterrestrial dust influx, changed by over 3 fold on a
100,000 year cycle between 250,000 and 450,000 years ago.

Verification (1996): The AMOR radar in New Zealand
detected a strong flux of interstellar meteoroid particles, measuring
15 to 40 microns in size, entering the solar system from the
Galactic center direction.

Verification (2000 - 2005): LaViolette demonstrates that
the acid layers found in 15,850 year old Antarctic polar ice
vary in magnitude with an eleven year solar cycle period thereby
indicating an extraterrestrial origin for this material. This
finding is supported by the discovery mentioned below (2003)
that interstellar dust influx varies in accordance with solar
cycle phase. The finding that this gas influx event heralded
a series of warming trends that ended the ice age, implicates
cosmic dust and solar activation as the causal agents responsible
for terminating glacial cycles.

Verification
(2003): Using data obtained from the Ulysses spacecraft,
a group of European Space Agency astronomers led by Markus Landgraf
discover that the rate of interstellar dust influx increased
three fold from 1997 to 2000 with the approach to solar maximum.
They theorize a correlation between solar cycle phase and
interstellar dust influx rate, with the influx rate being highest
at the time of solar maximum. Such a correlation could
explain why the Sun could become locked into an active, dust
accreting mode during times of superwave passage.

Verification
(2004): Glaciologists find that the concentrations of iridium
and platinum in submicron sized "meteoritic smoke"
particles present in polar ice are two to three times higher
during the last ice age.

Tin in Cosmic Dust - prevailing concept
(1981):
At the time of this discovery, cosmochemists did not believe
that extraterrestrial material could have anomalously high concentrations
of heavy metals such as tin, antimony, gold and silver. Abundances
higher than those typically found in meteorites were looked on
with skepticism and evidence that one's samples had been contaminated.

Prediction No. 6 (1981):
LaViolette found very high concentrations of tin in several ice
age polar ice dust samples, one 50,000 year old sample, in particular,
containing 60% of its weight in tin. Elevated concentrations
of gold, silver, and antimony as well as the cosmic dust indicators
iridium, and nickel were also found in the samples. He
theorized that due to the presence of iridium and nickel, this
tin-rich dust must be of extraterrestrial origin, possibly coming
from an anomalous interstellar source.

Verification (Jan.
1984): The tin was found to contain an isotopic anomaly indicating
that it was definitely of extraterrestrial origin; see Prediction
No. 7.

Indirect support (1989):
Cosmochemist F. Rietmeijer published a paper describing the discovery
of tin oxide grains inside interplanetary dust particles, with
tin abundances much higher than typically found in chondritic
meteorites. This helps to substantiate LaViolette's 1983 claim
that the solar system contains a dust source enriched in tin
which is the source of the tin-rich dust found in polar ice.

Verification
(May 2007): A group of cosmochemists report finding high levels
of tin (25 - 28%) and copper (1 - 11%) along with ET material
indicators platinum and nickel in magnetic separates retrieved
from the 12,950 yrs b2k Alleröd/Younger Dryas boundary layer
and from Clovis sites. They conclude that the grains bearing
these volatile metals are of extraterrestrial origin.

Tin Isotopic Anomaly - state of the
art (1981): At the time of this prediction, astronomers speculated
that tin found in extraterrestrial material could have isotope
ratios different from those of terrestrial tin. But up until
that time no tin isotopic anomalies had been reported.

Prediction No. 7 (1981):
Having found very high concentrations of tin in several ice age
ice core dust samples in association with high levels of iridium,
and nickel, LaViolette theorized that this tin-rich dust was
of extraterrestrial origin and that if so the tin should have
anomalous isotopic ratios.

Verification (Jan.
1984): Geochemists at Curtin University (Australia) in collaboration
with LaViolette used a mass spectrometry technique to determine
the isotopic ratios of an unirradiated portion of the tin-rich
dust sample. They found significant isotopic anomalies in four
isotopes thereby confirming LaViolette's prediction that the
tin dust is of extraterrestrial origin. This marked the first
time that tin isotopic anomalies had been discovered.

Prehistoric Global Warming - prevailing
concept (1981): At the time of this prediction, climatologists believed
that the Alleröd-Bölling warming and Younger Dryas
cold period at the end of the ice age were confined primarily
to Europe. They assumed that there was no global warming at the
end of the ice age, that the northern continental ice sheets
did not melt synchronously with the southern ice sheets, and
that the warming in the north was due to heat being drawn from
the Southern Hemisphere.

Prediction No. 8 (1983):
In his dissertation, LaViolette demonstrated that the last ice
age was ended by a 2000 year long global warming which he calls
the Terminal Pleistocene Interstadial (TPI) identified with the
Alleröd-Bölling interstadial in the north. He also
proposed that this was followed by a global return to glacial
conditions, identified with the Younger Dryas in the north. He
showed that the melting of the ice sheets was synchronous in
the northern and southern hemispheres and was brought about by
cosmic causes.

Verification (1987
-
96): Climatologists published temperature profiles from various
parts of the world showing the presence of this same climatic
oscillation, but did not connect their data with the idea of
global climatic shifts.

Verification (1998): Climatologists (Steig et al.) published
findings in Science demonstrating the synchronous occurrence
of the Alleröd-Bölling-Younger Dryas climatic oscillation
in the Taylor Dome Antarctic ice core. They claimed this as evidence
that the last ice age was ended by a global warming. Although
they should have been aware of LaViolette's publications, their
report did not cite his prior work.

Prehistoric Solar Conflagration
- prevailing concept (1983): At the time of LaViolette's prediction, the general
opinion was that the Sun has remained in its present quiescent
solar cycle state for hundreds of millions of years. A small
group of astronomers, however, dissented with this view. For
example, in 1969, astrophysicist Thomas Gold published lunar
rock evidence indicating that, within the last 30,000 years,
the radiation intensity on the Moon had reached 100 suns for
10 to 100 seconds, possibly due to a solar nova. In 1975, astronomer
A. Lovell suggested that sun-like stars occasionly produce flares
of up to 1037 ergs, 30,000
times more energetic than the largest solar flare of modern times.
In 1977, astrophysicists Wdowczyk and Wolfendale suggested that
the Sun might produce a flare a million times larger (3 X 1038 ergs) about once every 100,000 years. Moreover
in 1978, NASA astronomers Zook, Hartung, and Storzer had published
lunar rock evidence indicating that 16,000 years ago solar flare
background radiation intensity on the Moon's surface had peaked
to 50 times the current intensity and that this may have been
somehow associated with the retreat of the ice sheets. The idea
that the Earth and Moon might have been affected in the past
by the arrival of a giant solar coronal mass ejection had not
yet been advanced.

Prediction No. 9 (1983):
In his dissertation, LaViolette proposed that invading cosmic
dust would have caused the Sun to become more luminous and engage
in continual flaring activity. In chapter
4, he suggested that on one occasion the Earth and Moon may
have been engulfed by a large prominence remnant "fireball"
(coronal mass ejection) thrown out by the Sun during a period
of particularly intense solar activity. He interpreted the findings
of Zook and Gold as evidence that the Sun had been in a highly
active T-Tauri like flaring state and that at times its flaring
activity had been as much as 1000 times currently observed levels.
He suggested that these may have scorched the surface of the
Earth in ice age times, inducing high temperatures, rapid ice
sheet melting, global flooding, and mass animal extinction.

Concordance (1997):
Satellite observations showed solar flares ejecting expanding
balls of plasma called "coronal mass ejections"and
demonstrated that these were capable of travelling outward beyond
the Earth's orbit. This lent credance to LaViolette's theory
that a large coronal plasma "fireball" thrown off by
an immense solar flare may have reached the Earth and Moon and
scorched their surfaces.

Concordance (1999): Astronomers announced that they had
observed large explosive outbursts from the surfaces of nearby
normal sunlike stars. These "superflares" were observed
to range from 100 to 10 million times the energy of the largest
flare observed on the Sun in modern times and were estimated
to occur about once every hundred years. This confirmed the Lovell
hypothesis and increased the plausibility of LaViolette's suggestion
that the Sun was producing mega solar flares and intense plasma
fireballs at the end of the last ice age.

Verification(2002):
As early as the late 1970's Dr. Han Kloosterman was arguing that
a global conflagration was the cause of the black layer found
in Alleröd sediments in southern England and in the Great
Lakes Region. Later in 2002, when Dr. LaViolette first became
aware of his work, he was on a geological field trip accumulating
evidence of the black Usselo Horizon dating from the Alleröd/Younger
Dryas transition and correlative with similar horizons found
in Great Britain, Belgium, France, Germany, Denmark, Poland,
and the southwestern U.S. Kloosterman concluded that this layer
was produced by a global conflagration which was also responsible
for the exitnction of the Pleistocene megafauna. Kloosterman's
thesis and evidence of the Usselo horizon confirm the solar CME
scenario that LaViolette had proposed.

Geomagnetic Reversals - prevailing concept
(1983):
At the time of LaViolette's prediction, geophysicists believed
that geomagnetic reversals and magnetic polarity flips were brought
about by causes internal to the Earth, that they arose from instabilities
in the inner rotation of the Earth's core magnetic dynamo. They
believed that these field excursions took hundreds of years to
occur due to the inherently slow movement of the core material.

Prediction No. 10 (1983):
In chapter 3 of his dissertation,
LaViolette proposed that geomagnetic reversals are induced by
solar cosmic ray storms. He proposed that at times when invading
cosmic dust causes the Sun to become very active and engage in
continual flaring activity, major solar outbursts could occur
that are a thousand times more intense than those currently observed.
Further he proposed that solar cosmic rays from such a mega flare
could impact the Earth's magnetosphere, become trapped there
to form storm-time radiation belts, and generate an equatorial
ring current producing a magnetic field opposed to the Earth's.
If sufficiently intense, this ring current magnetic field could
cancel out the Earth's own field and flip the residual magnetic
field pole to an equatorial location. From this position it could
later either recover or adopt a reversed polarity. He proposed
that this geomagnetic excursion would be very rapid, occurring
in a matter of days.

Verification (1989
-
95): Geophysicists reported their analysis of a geomagnetic reversal
recorded in the Steens Mountain lava formation, conclusively
demonstrating that during this reversal the Earth's magnetic
pole changed direction as fast as 8 degrees per day. This overthrew
the conventional geocentric view which could not account for
such rapid changes with internal motions of the Earth's core
dynamo. It confirmed Dr. LaViolette's mechanism of rapid change.

Concordance (1995): Unaware of LaViolette's publications,
two French geophysicists published a paper that sought to explain
the Steens Mountain polarity reversal as being due to a solar
cosmic ray cause. Their mechanism was the same as that which
LaViolette had proposed 6 years before the Steens Mountain discovery.
Their independent arrival at the same idea is evidence of parallel
idea development and consensus with LaViolette's earlier theory.

Verification
(1994, 1995): McHargue, et al. discover Be-10 anomalies in ocean
sediments at 32 kyr and 43 kyrs BP, contemporaneous with the
Mono Lake and Laschamp geomagnetic excursions. Unaware of LaViolette's
publications, they suggest they were caused by the passage of
supernova shock fronts during a time of unprecidented long-term
solar activity.

Radiocarbon Date Anomalies - prevailing
concept (1983): At the time of this proposal, the idea that anomalously
young radiocarbon dates might be produced by intense solar cosmic
ray bombardments had not been suggested. Such young dates were
thought to be due to sample contamination with younger carbon
having a higher C-14 content.

Prediction No. 11 (1983):
Anomalously young radiocarbon dates are frequently found in fossil
remains of Pleistocene megafauna that became extinct at the end
of the last ice age. In chapter
10 of his dissertation, LaViolette proposed that a solar
cosmic ray conflagration caused the demise of these mammals and
their subsequent burial by the action of glacier meltwater waves.
He suggested that the neutron shower produced by the intense
solar cosmic ray storm (coronal mass ejection) that engulfed
the Earth would have radiogenically changed nitrogen atoms in
animal collagen into carbon-14 atoms. He proposed that this in
situ radiocarbon generation could have made the radiocarbon dates
on exposed organic matter anomalously young.

Verification (1998):
After conducting seven years of research, archeologist William
Topping proposed that the abnormally young radiocarbon dates
of ice age Paleo-Indian sites (ca. 12,400 - 13,000 calendar
yrs BP) could be explained if a major solar flare cosmic ray
particle storm had caused in situ carbon-14 production from nitrogen
in the organic remains of those strata. His conclusion of heavy
particle bombardment in Paleo-Indian times was partly supported
by his discovery of particle tracks and micrometeorite craters
in artifacts. This in situ C-14 production mechanism is the same
that LaViolette had earlier proposed to explain the young dates
for Pleistocene mammal remains dating from a similar period.
Like Topping, LaViolette had concluded that the demise of the
large mammals at that time was due to a solar flare conflagration.
Since Topping was probably not aware of LaViolette's dissertation,
his work would constitute independent corroboration.

Concordance (1995 - 1998): Researchers report the discovery that atmospheric
radiocarbon levels strongly increased during the period spanning
the Allerød/Younger Dryas transition and the megafaunal
extinction. Over a 300 year period between the time of the IntraAllerod
Cold Peak and the beginning of the Younger Dryas, atmospheric
C-14 levels are estimated to have risen from 3 to 7 % and subsequently
declined during the course of the Younger Dryas.

Concodrance
(2000 - 2004): Additional evidence comes from analysis of the
varved sediments from the Cariaco Basin off the coast of Venezuela
and from Icelandic ocean sediments showing a 9 percent rise in
C-14 during the time of the megafaunal extinction, from 13,500
- 12,800 years b2k, and on several previous occasions, including
a 90 percent rise in radiocarbon concentration that climaxed
around 40,000 yrs b2k after having progressively risen for a
period of 5000 years. The events coincide with times when
the atmospheric beryllium-10 production rate also rose to high
levels.

Glacial drift deposits - prevailing
concept (1983): At the time of
this prediction, geologists believed that the ice sheets melted
gradually at the end of the ice age and that their meltwater
outflow was also gradual, with the exception of instances of
dam breaks occurring in proglacial lakes such as Lake Missoula
in Montana.

Prediction No. 12 (1983):
LaViolette proposes that much of the glacial drift deposited
at the end of the last ice age was laid down by glacier waves
issuing from the upper surfaces of the ice sheets. These
are water outbursts far larger than the glacier
bursts seen today issuing from mountain glaciers

Verification (1983):
To explain sediment morphology in Manitoba, North Dakota, and
Minnesota, geologists Alan Kehew and Lee Clayton propose the
occurrence of catastrophic floods produced by a domino effect
of proglacial lake discharges. LaViolette had proposed a similar
domino effect mechanism for the production of glacier waves on
the surfaces of ice sheets.

Verification (1988): German scientist Harmut Heinrich
calls attention to North Atlantic ocean sediment layers composed
primarily of rock grains of continental bedrock origin that had
been transported distances of up to 3000 kilometers prior to
their deposition. Subsequent investigations uncovered evidence
that these "Heinrich layers" were deposited suddenly.
Heinrich advances a theory that this material was transported
by drifting and melting ice bergs. However, not all are satisfied
with this explanation which fails to explain the suddenness of
the deposition events. In 2001 (Galactic Superwaves CDROM), LaViolette
shows that Heinrich events correlate with times of climatic warming
and that these layers are evidence of long-range sediment transport
by glacier waves. He shows that Heinrich layer 0 correlates with
accelerated glacier wave discharge activity he proposed was occurring
around 12,700 years BP and that Heinrich layer 1 spans the Pre-Bölling
Interstadial which began the deglaciation phase.

Verification (1989): Canadian geologist John Shaw points
out that drumlins are more likely produced by forceful discharges
of glacial meltwater rather than by the action of slowly advancing
glaciers. He proposes that the meltwater discharges had reached
depths of hundreds of feet and that they originated from beneath
the glaciers. However, more probably they were formed by glacier
waves originating from the ice sheet surface.

Gamma Ray Bursts - prevailing concept
(1983):
During the early 1970's, astronomers discovered the Earth is
sporadically bombarded by gamma ray bursts. At the time of this
prediction, they incorrectly assumed that gamma ray bursts were
medium energy events originating from local sources within our
Galaxy. They did not regard them as a significant social threat.

Prediction No. 13 (1983):
In his dissertation, LaViolette proposed that a superwave produced
by an explosion of our Galaxy's core could be immediately preceded
by a very strong gamma ray pulse, 10,000 times stronger than
what could come from a supernova explosion. He pointed out that
upon impacting our upper atmosphere this burst could strip electrons
and induce a powerful electromagnetic pulse which, like a high-altitude
nuclear EMP, could have serious consequences for modern society.
It could knock out satellites, interrupt radio, TV, and telephone
communication, produce electrical surges on power lines causing
widespread black outs, and possibly trigger the inadvertent launching
of missiles. He was among the few to suggest that Galactic core
explosions could produce high intensity gamma ray outbursts that
could affect the Earth.
In 1989, under the sponsorship of the Starburst
Foundation, LaViolette initiated an international outreach project,
to warn about the dangers of such astronomical phenomena. He
pointed out that our Galactic center could produce seriously
disruptive low intensity outbursts as frequently as once every
500 years and that we are currently overdue for one. This was
the first time a widespread gamma ray pulse warning of this sort
had been made.

Verification (1997):
In December 1997, astronomers for the first time pinpointed the
source of a gamma ray burst and found that it originated from
a galaxy lying billions of light years away. This led them to
conclude that these are mostly extragalactic events having total
energies millions of times greater than they had previously supposed,
thereby confirming LaViolette's earlier proposal of the existence
of high intensity gamma ray bursts. If this particular outburst
had originated from our Galactic center, it would have delivered
100,000 times the lethal dose to all exposed Earth life forms.

Verification (1998): Some months later, in August 27,
1998, a 5 minute long gamma ray pulse arrived from a Galactic
source located 20,000 light years away in the constellation of
Aquila. The event was strong enough to ionize the upper atmosphere
and seriously disrupt satellites and spacecraft. It triggered
a defensive instrument shutdown on at least two spacecraft. Astronomers
acknowledged that this marked the first time they became aware
that energetic outbursts from distant astronomical sources could
affect the Earth's physical environment. These events reaffirmed
the validity of warnings LaViolette made 9 years earlier about
the potential hazards of such gamma ray bursts.

Galactic morphology - prevailing concept (1980 - 83): At the time Paul LaViolette was writing in 1983,
most astronomers believed that quasars and blazars were very
different from most other galaxies and in a class of their own.
LaViolette recalls a telephone conversation he had, in which
the renown astronomer Geoffrey Burbidge steadfastly defended
this view. Astronomers also believed that active giant elliptical
galaxies were structurally different from spiral galaxies.

Prediction No. 14 (1980
- 1983): In his dissertation, LaViolette proposes that quasars
and blazars are the bright cores of spiral galaxies in which
the light from the core is so bright that it masks the dimmer
light coming from the galaxy's disk. He suggests that quasars
and blazars are essentially the same core explosion phenomenon
that is seen in Seyfert galaxies and N-galaxies. He predicts
that when it eventually becomes operational the Hubble Telescope
will resolve the disks around these bright cores. He also suggests
that edge-on spiral galaxies with active cores would give the
appearance of being giant elliptical galaxies due to synchrotron
radiation emitted from their outward streaming cosmic rays. In
connection with this, he predicts that when active giant ellipticals
are imaged with the Hubble Telescope, spiral arm dust lanes oriented
edge-on will be detected.

Verification
(1995, 1997): Astronomers publish the results of a survey which
imaged quasars using the Hubble Space Telescope. These quasars
(luminous cores) are seen to be surrounded by spiral arm disks,
just as LaViolette had predicted. Earlier in 1982 a group of
astronomers had resolved galactic light fuzz around quasar 3C273
using a special imaging technique. This was published after the
date of LaViolette's prediction. In 1997 NASA astronomers release
a photo of an active giant elliptical galaxy that resolves its
equatorial dust lane and shows that it is oriented edge-on as
LaViolette had predicted.

Archeoastronomy - prevailing
concept (1979): At the time of this prediction, ancient historians,
cultural anthropologists and scholars of esoteric traditions
did not suspect that ancient myth makers knew the location of
the Galactic center or that they had associated this part of
the sky with the cataclysmic cycles described in legend.

Prediction No. 15 (1979):
LaViolette discovered that the ancient star lore connected with
the Sagittarius and Scorpius constellations indicated the location
of the Galactic center, conveyed the idea of an explosive outburst,
and specified a significant past date of 13,865 ± 150
years B.C. which
also is encoded in the ancient Egyptian Dendereh zodiac. Also
LaViolette found that myths, customs and esoteric lore descendent
from prehistoric times indicated that cosmic rays from a Galactic
core explosion catastrophically affect the Earth and solar system
in recurrent cycles with the most recent event occurring near
the end of the last ice age. He wrote up this idea in an unpublished
paper in 1979 and formally published these ideas in 1995 and
1997 in his books Genesis
of the Cosmos and Earth
Under Fire. In Earth Under Fire he also connected
Mayan cosmology and World Ages with the Galactic center and Galactic
superwave events. He began discovering these associations around
1987.

Concordance (1994
-
1998): In a December 1994 magazine article and later in his book
Maya Cosmogenesis 2012 (1998), John Major Jenkins presented
his findings that Mayan lore contains a Galactic center oriented
cosmology. that specifically refers to the Galactic center vicinity
(ecliptic-Galactic plane crossing point) in connection with the
occurrence of the Mayan World Ages. One of his findings is that
the Mayan calendar 2012 AD end date, which designates the end
of the present World Age, also indicates the time when the Earth's
precessing axis will be maximally tipped in the direction of
this Galactic plane intersection point. Jenkins was not aware
of LaViolette's work at the time he wrote, so his findings constitute
an instance of independent discovery and corroboration. Jenkins
went into much greater depth in exploring Mayan cosmological
references to the Galactic center, but did not explore the Galactic
explosion/Earth cataclysm theme discovered by LaViolette.

Concordance (2000):
LaViolette discovered evidence indicating that the largest acidity
spike in the entire Antarctic ice core record was of extraterrestrial
origin, possibly produced by a major incursion of interstellar
or cometary dust; see paper posted at arxiv.org/abs/physics/0502019.
The date of this event, beginning 13,880 B.C. and tailing off 13,785 B.C., closely corresponds to the date encoded in zodiac
star lore marking the arrival of a galactic superwave.