The work of Maurits Carnelis Escher (M.C. Escher) is widely considered the most popular example of the mathematical influence in art. Though never formally trained in math, Escher's initial interest in decorative art sparked a curiosity in certain mathematical areas such as geometric shapes, tessellations and spatial planes/demensions. His interest in both aesthetic and logic resulted in provoking visual representations of multiple dimension. Escher's understanding of mathematics in combination with his artistic skill provides a rare translation between the seemingly separate languages of math and art. "In mathematical quarters, the regular division of the plane has been considered theoretically . . . Does this mean that it is an exclusively mathematical question? In my opinion, it does not. [Mathematicians] have opened the gate leading to an extensive domain, but they have not entered this domain themselves. By their very nature thay are more interested in the way in which the gate is opened than in the garden lying behind it." (M.C. Escher on tessellations viewed at Alhambra www.mathacedemy.com)

The variety of math used in his body work extends from basic geometric shape to hyperbolic geometry; though there is no need to cover such a wide subject range to explain mathematic influence. Escher was first inspired by the gridded tile patterns, designed in the 14th Century by the Moors, at the Alhambra castle in Granada. Escher was fascinated by the idea of dividing the plane with geometric shapes. Tassellations, the arrangement of closed shapes that do not overlap or allow gaps, became a staple in his work. Typically tassellations are created with regular shapes, such as polygons. Escher was inspired by these patterns and the richness they added to a two dimensional surface, though also understood the geometric concept of three dimensions. Escher was interested in translating the concepts, and line drawings, of space beyond two dimensions to a believable visual depiction. He used many shapes, regular and irregular, that along with a use of certain isometries such as translation and rotation. On the Euclidian plane, N-fold rotational symmetry states that with a particular point (2-D) or axis (3-D) rotation of 360/n the shape/object will not change. Briefly considering some basic variables: the notation for n-fold symmetry is Cn, or solely "n"

the actual symmetry group is specified by the point or access of symmetry, together with the "n" For each point or axis of symmetry the abstract group type is cyclic group Zn of order n, Some groups have the same geometric and abstract notations, in which case distinguish the difference The fundamental domain (smallest part of an object/pattern, which based on symmetry, determines the whole object/pattern) is a sector of 360/n.

*Example without additional reflection symmetry: n = 2, 180 (an example of this would be, yin and yang) *Cn is the rotation group of a regular n-sided polygon in 2-D Note: 1-fold is no symmetry and 2-fold is the most basic symmetry. This isometries determined in this equation alone allowed for a wide variety of patterns; combining additional isometries, such as reflection and gliding reflection, is how Escher created such complex patterns. Going even one step further, Escher created what he called a metamorphosis. He would progressively alter the shapes, letting them slowly distort an interact with each other, and eventually transform/reform into new shapes. His distortions obeyed the 3, 4 or 6-fold symmetry of the original pattern in order to maintain the tassellation. As seen in 'Development 1' , using a number of calculated isometries he progressively transformed a regular polygon into a lizard while maintaining the tassellation. After this technique developed, he added a third dimension; doubling the equations used as well as adding additional geometric and abstract group types. 'Reptiles' is an amazing example of Escher's...

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...going to be a check off list, which has specific questions both the send off person and the receiving staff will have to fill out. Both of the questionnaires will be filed in the patients chart and their will be a set for each hand off the patient encores throughout the day. The question air protocol will start in two weeks from today. This will go on for one week throughout the entire hospital. Each of the lead super visors for each division or floor will then compile these questionnaires, compile a report for each staff member and review the findings with the staff member within 20 days following the one week assessment. They will discuss what can be improved generally and what the employee needs to specifically working, if anything.
c. Similar actions will be taken for range order re-training. Range orders are “medications in which the medication does may vary over a prescribed range, depending on the patient status.” (, 2009, p. 2) The importants of training for range orders is clear. If over dosed, a patient can be killed, and if under dosed, the patient is in pain. Again, the executives and department super visors will collaborate to create range order guidelines and a re-training program. Rather then having this training be an all staff and employee requirement, range order training will only be implemented with employees who distribute medications. Training should spread further then physicians and nurses, but also to RN’s aids and certified...

...M.C. Escher once said, “Only those who attempt the absurd will achieve the impossible.” When people think of great art today, the most common names the come to mind are Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Monet, Van Gogh, and Picasso among others. People picture appealing aesthetic as well as a variety of content. Throughout history, art styles have evolved from religious and realistic to abstract and even mathematical. Maurits CorneliusEscher was pioneer and innovator in the twentieth century with the creation of novel mathematicalart styles. Through experimentation, he discovered and explored concepts that won him the following of artists and scientists alike. He approached his art like a science, carefully examining each and every part. Like most artists, Escher’s skill and style grew and changed with time; defined by both his decisions and his actions made throughout his life.
Maurits Cornelius Escher was born on June 17, 1898 in Leeuwarden, Netherlands (capital of Dutch province of Friesland); the youngest son of four to George Arnold Escher, a civil engineer, and Sarah Gleichman Escher, daughter of a government minister. In 1903, the Escher family moved to Arnhem. There, Escher attended both elementary school and secondary school. Though not pious, he attended a religious school at the...

...Shannon and Weaver’s Mathematical Theory of Communication is probably the most influential of all communication models; and has been used as a guide from which many contemporary communication theories have emerged.
The theory’s large influence on communication studies has also led some to claim that the theory is widely applicable to human communication.
In this essay, I will be analyzing how artworks are used to communicate messages and ideas to the general audience with the use of this theory. For the first part, I will briefly introduce the theory as a general entity. I will follow with my analysis.
The Mathematical Theory of Communication
The Mathematical Theory of Communication, hereinafter be referred to as the Mathematical Model, consists of several elements. The first five elements namely, Information Source, Transmitter, Channel, Receiver and Destination are all connected in a linear fashion. The sixth element, Noise Source, is connected to the Channel. The model is illustrated below (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Mathematical Theory of Communication
The Information Source is what produces the message. A Transmitter encodes the message into a signal and is passed through a Channel. The Receiver then decodes a message from the signal and is passed to the Destination. Noise Source is anything added to the signal that is not intended by the Information Source and distorts the...

...the subject at this time; he could neither forget it nor totally accept it. Despite this, his use of the word 'quiet' and reference to Tolstoys book indicates that the night sky made him feel calm and brought to mind eternity.
Starry Night shows the vast power of nature and the church spire and cypress tree - representing man and nature - both point to the heavens.
Starry Night Brushstroke
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Starry Night
Vincent van Gogh
In Starry Night van Gogh´s unique, thick brush strokes are very much obvious and it´s possible that his severe attacks further dramatized his brush work. However, there is a consistency to his technique that adds even more depth as well as a rich texture to this work of art.
Starry Night is a beautiful painting, representational in the type of art. The size of the painting is 29 in. by 36 ¼ in., and oil on canvas were the materials used. Van Gogh is using an expressive quality and an emotionalism viewpoint. On the left side of the painting, there is a group of black lines that curve in waves upward, coming to a point. To the lower right, there is a small town that leads up to hills and then mountains. The painting is set at night, and the sky is a wondrous swirl of bursting blues, greens, and a gentle yellow for the crescent moon that is in the upper right corner. Lighter values of blue shape the outlines of large stars in the sky, though some stars are smaller than others. Sometimes, there is a yellow dot,...

...Woman In Art Final
Amy Cymbala
Analysis of Judith Slaying Holofernes by Elisabetta Sirani.
A Depiction of Strength and Moral Triumph
Judith with the head of Holofernes represents that classical good versus evil archetype. Judith represents the virtues of chastity, bravery and self-sacrifice. This image relates to the feminine archetype through its associations with motherhood as well as seduction. This expands the traditional role of females, showing heroism is possible. This painting’s composition is one of solid foundations, as well as light and dark contrast, emphasizing the key components.
As the story goes, the Assyrian General Holofernes sought to conquer the town of Bethulia on his way to Jerusalem. However, Judith using wine and food lowered his defenses. As he began to desire her sexually, the two retired to his chambers. But overcome with alcohol, he fell asleep, and she had then decapitated him with his own sword. The act of Judith slaying Holofernes, both reinforces and expands the traditional roll of woman.
The female, through motherhood, has always been seen as the retainer of moral standards. A traditional woman’s job in the household, through raising children is to teach the virtues of society. In the story this painting represents, she manipulates the evil Assyrian General through his desire for sin. Overindulgence, called gluttony, is a sin. By providing him with wine and food that dulled his senses, she showed the...

...Name: Truong Minh Tri
Lecturer: Phan Nguyen Bao
Unit 3: Contextual and Cultural Referencing Art and Design.
19 August 2014
POP ART
Beginning from England in mid 1950s and from USA in 1960s. Instead of
traditional objects turning to art elements, Pop art were considered along with the
spreading out of marketing corporations, concentrating on everyday objects through the
application of technical trade. Meanwhile, it was in the tense period of societies across
the globe, colonial issues, democratic struggle and liberation, race relations, women's
rights, etc. created some challenges among college students and intellectuals, required to
reassess the values of life. Artists selected images through popular trends, such as
movies, comics, advertisements, especially on the medias. By using what was called
"flashy" as a basis of art. Therefore, at some points some works of Pop artists were
exhibited to distinguish between “intellectuals” and “low-educated” in art aspect. The
essential meaning behind Pop Art is created an immediately deliverable sense to every
class in society, it oppositely different from the esoteric oil paintings assessed and
admired by art experts. To instantaneously achieve the goals, Pop Art artists experienced
with some new commercial methods, such as painting, acrylic, collage on canvas by
using conventional...

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Art Analysis
The Merode Altarpiece, a piece by artist Robert Campin, is a representation of the Annunciation of Christ. The piece was originally painted in Flanders during the Early Renaissance period in 1425. It is a considerably small altarpiece, commissioned for a private residence, created with oil on wood panel. The piece is currently held in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. The scene depicted in this particular altarpiece is very popular among artists during the Renaissance and the detailed representation captured by Robert Campin made it one of his most famous works of art.
The subjects depicted in the piece are the Virgin Mary, an angel, Joseph, and also the donors who commissioned the painting. The main subject is very obviously the Virgin Mary. The scene in the center panel shows the angel who has come to tell Mary that she will bear the Christ child. In the right panel Joseph is shown in his workshop and the patrons of the altarpiece are shown to be just outside the home of Mary and Joseph in the left panel. It was a popular practice for patrons to be depicted within the religious scene that they commissioned so they could actively imagine their presence during the event.
The composition of the piece can be seen as very dynamic. The main focus of the painting, the Virgin Mary, draws the viewer’s eye immediately to the center of the piece, then it seems to follow her robes to the angel and up around...

...Mongol Influence
The Mongols influence China and Russia in same and different ways. Both China and Russia were changed politically and economically. While in China new ways of military advancements were introduced were as Russia got more influence in their political structure.
Both, China and Russia, had changes in their government and economy. China and Russia had their government policies improved to a point where it lasted them for several hundred years later. The economy of both were booming because of the safe trade routes which lead to the spread of Chinese and Russian ideas throughout the world which in turn led to new ideas from other parts of the world to come into China and Russia. New items were also introduced to China and Russia which helped with the kingdoms crops such as the plow and spices which made the food taste better.
China, having little influence compared to Russia, learned tactics of fighting wars and conquering lands from the Mongols. The Chinese were then able to use these tactics later on to take back China form the Mongols. It introduced new ways of using their gunpowder which later also became useful to the Chinese in conquering the rest of China back after the separation of the Chinese kingdoms. They also learned how to conquer lands with huge defenses by how the Mongols took over China by invading the Great Wall of China.
Russia on the other hand had more...