13. English words in the process of time.

English, it has adopted many words from other languages, especially from Latin, French and Old Scandinavian, though the number and importance of these borrowings are usually overestimated.

2.The number and character of borrowings in Modern English from various languages depend on the historical conditions and also on the de-gree of the genetic and structural proximity of the languages in question.

3.Borrowings enter the language through oral speech (mainly in early periods of history) and through written speech (mostly in recent times).

5.All borrowed words undergo the process of assimilation, i.e. they ad-just themselves to the phonetic and lexico-grammatical norms of the lan-guage. 6.Substitution of sounds, formation of new grammatical categories and paradigms, morphological simplification and narrowing of meaning take place in the very act of borrowing.

7.The degree of assimilation depends on the time of borrowing, the ex-tent to which the word is used in the language and the way of borrowing.contains negative prefixes dis-, a-, im-, in-. as to the suffixes in modern English they are not just added to the root but exchanged for another suffix (e.g. “hopeless” – “hopeful”). Almost every word can have one or more synonyms, comparatively few have antonyms, they are: a) qualitative adjectives (e.g. “old”); b) words connected with feelings or state (e.g. “hope” – “despair”); c) words of direction (e.g. “here” – “there”); d) words of position in space and time (e.g. “far” – “near”); e) some others (e.g. “day” – “night”, “late” – early”).