Figure 3：Animation of predicted Arctic ice extent from the July 1 to the September 20. Yellow and green lines indicates the ice edge of the same day for 2017 and 2018.

Figure 4：Animation of the daily anomaly of the predicted ice concentration from 2003-2018 mean. Red color shows the area of faster ice retreat.

Sea ice extent on September 10 is expected to be 4.66 million square kilometers, which is 2.6% smaller than the last year’s minimum area.

Though ice cover in the East Siberian Sea will retreat with nearly same speed as a normal year, ice retreat around the New Siberian Islands (Islands between the East Siberian Sea and Laptev Sea) will be faster than a normal year. On the other hand, the retreat speed in the Kara Sea and Severnaya Zemlya (Islands between the Kara Sea and Laptev Sea) will be slower than a normal year.

Sea routes of the Russian side will open around August 15.

Ice retreat in the Beaufort Sea will be faster than a normal year.

Sea routes of the Canadian side except for Canadian archipelago will open around the July 13, which is earlier than the last year.

Multi-year ice is distributed in Greenland-Canadian Archipelago side and Central of the Beaufort Sea. This pattern will be maintained during this summer.

-----

For this prediction, we used the sea ice data from satellite microwave sensors AMSR-E and AMSR2, and the relationship between the winter ice motion and summer ice concentration (Kimura et al., 2013). In this second report, we use the data until June 15.