► A surge of sub-federal immigration laws have been enacted since the late 2000s. Most of previous studies have focused on how these laws affect the…
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▼ A surge of sub-federal immigration laws have been enacted since the late 2000s. Most of previous studies have focused on how these laws affect the local economy. This study examines how the local economy and demographic composition affect whether local governments sign immigration laws. Furthermore, given labor shortages in agriculture due to immigration laws, we examine how sub-federal immigration laws affect the number of H-2A visa applications, which is a tool for bringing foreign seasonal agricultural workers in the U.S. We find that per capita unemployment compensation insurance, per capita total number of jobs, and the share of Hispanic male population to total male population within a county are positively associated with whether a local government chooses to sign immigration laws. In addition, we find that the enactment of state-wide immigration laws decrease H-2A visa applications.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cesar Escalante.

Lu, X. (2016). On the impact of local economies on sub-federal immigration laws in the U.S. and how these laws affect agricultural labor force. (Masters Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/lu_xueqian_201605_ms

Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):

Lu, Xueqian. “On the impact of local economies on sub-federal immigration laws in the U.S. and how these laws affect agricultural labor force.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed September 15, 2019.
http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/lu_xueqian_201605_ms.

MLA Handbook (7th Edition):

Lu, Xueqian. “On the impact of local economies on sub-federal immigration laws in the U.S. and how these laws affect agricultural labor force.” 2016. Web. 15 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Lu X. On the impact of local economies on sub-federal immigration laws in the U.S. and how these laws affect agricultural labor force. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Georgia; 2016. [cited 2019 Sep 15].
Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/lu_xueqian_201605_ms.

Council of Science Editors:

Lu X. On the impact of local economies on sub-federal immigration laws in the U.S. and how these laws affect agricultural labor force. [Masters Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2016. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/lu_xueqian_201605_ms

The purpose of the current study is to specify the main causes which are responsible for the disputes between both the parties i.e. tax payers…
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▼

The purpose of the current study is to specify the
main causes which are responsible for the disputes between both the
parties i.e. tax payers and the tax collecting agencies. Further,
the researcher will highlight the various steps to improve the
present condition which may be beneficial for policy makers,
academicians and for the whole economy. The setting up and
functioning of Settlement Commission drew sharp reaction from all
quarters including the Apex Court; but whatever may have been the
views, reactions, aspersions, reservations or criticisms, the
utility of Settlement Commission in settling complicated tax
matters in the last about 30 years cannot but be appreciated. It
has done commendable service to both the exchequer and the taxpayer
by disposing off a number of cases effectively and amicably which
would have otherwise been litigated for a fairly long period, thus,
blocking collection of rightful taxes to the nation and causing
wasteful loss of time, energy and money in appeals and counter
appeals. Though it appears theoretically wrong to afford
concessions to the errant and evasive taxpayers, the nation cannot
afford to be very rigid in this regard. The Wanchoo Committee had
recommended for a settlement machinery to have settlement with the
Tax-payee at any stage of proceedings considering each case on
merits subject to full disclosure, not only of the income, but of
the modus operandi of its build up, thussealing off chances of
continued evasion. Hence, we suggest that, a high level separate
body, within the department, to ensure a fair, prompt and
independent settlement, Audit has, however, notice that the
Settlement Commission has not been setting thecases promptly. The
pending cases continue to be as high as 1892 on 31 March 1999. The
cost of settlement of cases is also very high. In the year
1999-2000 the average cost of disposal per case was Rs. 83,300. The
average cost per case for the last 5 year(1995-96 to 1999-2000) was
Rs. 48780.

► This MA thesis attempts to detect as much as possible democratic and undemocratic features in the Laws of Plato. At the next stage there is…
(more)

▼ This MA thesis attempts to detect as much as possible democratic and undemocratic features in the Laws of Plato. At the next stage there is a comprehensive analysis on how and why these features could be characterized as democratic or undemocratic. In the end of the thesis there is a concise comparison of Magnesia with democratic Athens and also with Callipolis, the ideal society from the Republic of Plato. Finally there is an attempt to decribe the political color of Magnesia.
Advisors/Committee Members: Marlein Van Raalte, Ineke Sluiter (advisor).

► If the ideal city described at length in Plato’s Republic is a perfect and philosophically attractive encapsulation of Plato’s political philosophy, why does Plato go…
(more)

▼ If the ideal city described at length in Plato’s Republic is a perfect and philosophically attractive encapsulation of Plato’s political philosophy, why does Plato go on to write the Laws – which also describes an ideal city, albeit one very different from the Republic? The fundamental challenge of scholarship concerning the Laws is to supply a comprehensive account of the dialogue that explains all aspects of it while also distinguishing the Laws from the Republic in a way that does not devalue the Laws as a mere afterthought to the Republic. Past attempts at meeting this challenge, I argue, can be classified under the headings of the democratic, legal, and demiurgic approaches. Although each is prima facie plausible, each also faces its own set of problems. Furthermore, none are truly capable of explaining the Laws in its full specificity; the intricate array of customs, regulations, and practices making up the life of the city described form a complex totality not reducible to the concept of democracy, the rule of law, or demiurgy. Instead, I propose a fundamentally new approach to interpreting the Laws, the systematic approach, which I claim is responsive to the deepest and most innovative tendencies within the dialogue. Specifically, the proper way of conceiving the shift from the Republic to the Laws, I argue, lies in Plato replacing the concept of “cadre” in the former with the concept of a self-governing “system” in the latter. As I deploy these notions, a cadre is a small group of specially qualified individuals, while a system is a large population whose members or constituents affect, and interact with, one another in orderly ways. Each of these concepts gives rise to a corresponding model of government. Under the cadre model, all power is assigned to a small minority of specially qualified individuals, and under the system model, power is periodically rotated between members of a group in accordance with both laws and the extra-legal patterns of social and cultural norms. I use this framework to mount a series of linked investigations into various aspects of the society described in the Laws.

“It is in this very context of employment relationships which have a cross-border dimension that conflict of law between individual legislative…
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▼

LL.M. (International Commercial Law)

“It is in this very context of employment relationships which have a cross-border dimension that conflict of law between individual legislative systems in the area of employment law raise complex questions of law. One of the consequences of this is that they often present the courts … which are called upon to determine the law applicable to an employment contract with considerable problems. Alongside the customary difficulties associated with interpreting the employment contract comes the uncertainty as to what the best approach is to determining the applicable law. These difficulties in judicial practice are on the increase as it becomes more common for workers to be posted, more EU citizens avail themselves of the freedom of movement for workers and more undertakings enter into relationships with firms overseas or operate places of business in other countries. The – temporary or indefinite – posting of large numbers of employees has become an important aspect of international economic relations, not only within the European internal market but, more generally, throughout the world. It is for that very reason that there is an urgent need for conflict of law rules which offer the contracting parties foreseeable solutions to the numerous problems that affect employment relationships...”Like Advocate General Trstenjak, South African writers are not ignorant of the complications that international contracts of employment bring. As correctly pointed out by Calitz, globalisation has resulted in many South African employees increasingly working for South African employers outside of South Africa and the determination of any disputes that may arise in these unique employment relationships requires the application of conflict of laws. This is problematic and the present author submits that there is a lacuna in South African private international law in respect of employment contracts involving a foreign element. A number of factors have contributed to this gap in South African private international law, namely the infrequency with which judges in South African courts have been called upon to determine such issues.

Water is basic to life It is Natures gift to human beings and a newlinefinite resource India is an agrarian country Agriculture without irrigation newlinecannot…
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Water is basic to life It is Natures gift to human
beings and a newlinefinite resource India is an agrarian country
Agriculture without irrigation newlinecannot ensure productive
yield in several parts of the country Irrigation is a newlinemeans
of supplementing the water requirements of crops at the appropriate
newlinetime and in sufficient quantity In Tamil Nadu which is the
southernmost newlineState of India 56 percent of the total
population is engaged in agriculture and newlinerelated activities
Though water has multiple uses irrigation takes a big share
newlineof 70 to 80 percent of water consumption newlineIn the
Constitution of India water appears as Entry 17 under List
newlineII State List of the Seventh Schedule newline
newline

► A majority of the population in Kenya consist of the informal sector including those who are self-employed or run small scale businesses. These people are…
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▼ A majority of the population in Kenya consist of the informal sector including those who are self-employed or run small scale businesses. These people are characterized by businesses operated on a small scale, they rely on resources that can be acquired locally and cheaply and they create innovations from and suitable for their environment as opposed to importing technology which is usually very expensive.1
Majority of these Small Businesses have no tangible assets or a steady source of income making their innovations the only source of revenue and credit. To exploit these innovations they need capital. The most common way of acquiring capital in Kenya is to borrow from lenders. However lenders in Kenya will only advance money where one has a tangible asset that can be used as collateral or a steady source of income whereas capital ventures will demand a substantial portion of the returns or even partial ownership of the Intellectual Property if they are to invest in it. Thus there is need to consider other alternatives of finance for small companies with a portfolio of Intellectual Property.
This research thesis will examine first how Intellectual Property can be utilized as a collateral, with specific focus on copyrights in the film industry, based on practices of copyright collateralization in developed countries, specifically America and secondly whether the current Kenyan laws and institutions are adequate to enable the adoption of these practices of copyright collateralization in Kenya.

Nakhungu, R. (2016). Copyright as Collateral in Kenya; an Examination of the Current Laws, Regulations and Institutions.
(Thesis). University of Nairobi. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11295/99843

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):

Nakhungu, Rose. “Copyright as Collateral in Kenya; an Examination of the Current Laws, Regulations and Institutions.
” 2016. Thesis, University of Nairobi. Accessed September 15, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/11295/99843.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7th Edition):

Nakhungu, Rose. “Copyright as Collateral in Kenya; an Examination of the Current Laws, Regulations and Institutions.
” 2016. Web. 15 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Nakhungu R. Copyright as Collateral in Kenya; an Examination of the Current Laws, Regulations and Institutions.
[Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2016. [cited 2019 Sep 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/99843.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nakhungu R. Copyright as Collateral in Kenya; an Examination of the Current Laws, Regulations and Institutions.
[Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/99843

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

► The woman in society has been subjected to an awful lot of injustices ranging from being perceived and treated as the weaker sex to an…
(more)

▼ The woman in society has been subjected to an awful lot of injustices ranging from being perceived and treated as the weaker sex to an outright denial of access to equal opportunities with their male counterparts in spheres such as education, employment and the like. Therefore, with the basic understanding that every human being is equal irrespective of their gender, one realizes that the marginalisation that women have been subjected to is totally unjustified.To that extent this study is an endeavour to look at why it has been justified or the rationale behind the "extra" legal protection of women over and above that which men in modern society enjoy. This has been done by looking, generally at the African Continent and specifically at the Zambian context.Therefore, the objective of this research has been:-To illustrate the background of the present need to concretize/strengthen the Legalprotection of the rights of women in society;To show that there is an indispensable need to protect women from societal
injustices and/ or generational prejudices.To make recommendations on what should be done to secure a sustainable and lasting solution to address the aforestated injustices.In order to accomplish this, there are 4 chapters in this paper; with Chapter One looking at the fundamental principles of women's rights as an instance of human rights; chapter two focuses on what has necessitated the extra promotion and protection of women's rights on the African continent; Chapter three looks at the status of women and the reasons for justifying their extra legal protection in Zambia; and chapter four encompasses some recommendations to remedy the problem of gender inequalities both in Zambia and Africa on the African continent..

► This research is about applicability of compulsory license at the local and international plane. A compulsory license is a mechanism governments use to grant licenses…
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▼ This research is about applicability of compulsory license at the local and international plane. A compulsory license is a mechanism governments use to grant licenses to third parties to exploit an invention. This type of license is granted either by an administrative authority or judicial body. This type of license is granted without the consent of the patent holder. It is also a means of technological transfer of intellectual property rights.Under the current Zambian patent law regulating compulsory licenses, adequate compensation is not provided for. This may lead to stifling of the advancement of science and technology which is the bedrock of wealth creation. The research will make comparisons of the applicability of compulsory license with other jurisdictions. It will also look at the applicability of compulsory license according to Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement.Lastly, this paper will also make recommendations about the changes to be made to the current patent legislation in order to include the provisions contained in article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement.

► ABSTRACT Legal scholars, academics, and industry researchers have indicated that using cell phones when driving is among the most dangerous hazard faced by motorists today.…
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▼ ABSTRACT Legal scholars, academics, and industry researchers have indicated that using cell phones when driving is among the most dangerous hazard faced by motorists today. This relatively new technology is embedded in the lives of most people, at all times of the day, including when behind the wheel of a car. Harvard and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration researchers have exposed the dangers of cell phones and driving, but a solution to curtail the problem has yet to be found. This study seeks to understand the motivations and mediating factors affecting texting and driving law compliance by cell phone users. I conducted a survey that gathered preliminary data that was used to create an outline for two focus groups. The survey results showed that 18 to 21 year old undergraduates are highly knowledgeable (92 percent) about texting and driving laws, receive the majority of this information from friends, parents, and news sources, and have experienced, seen, or heard at least one negative story about texting and driving. The two focus groups explained the knowledge and motivations further. Participants reported a high degree of self-efficacy when multitasking with digital devices. This, coupled with what the participants perceived to be ineffective laws, prompted increased usage and deficient self-regulation. This project reveals how a digital native’s hyper usage of mobile communication devices combined with texting and driving laws that are poorly crafted has created an atmosphere where texting and driving is neither constrained by laws or self-regulation.

In this thesis I treat success in explicating probabilistic laws of nature (e.g., laws of radioactive decay) as a criterion of adequacy for a…
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▼

In this thesis I treat success in explicating probabilistic laws of nature (e.g., laws of radioactive decay) as a criterion of adequacy for a metaphysics of laws. I devote a chapter of analysis to each of the three best known theories of laws: the best systems analysis, contingent necessitation, and dispositional essentialism. I treat the problem of undermining that David Lewis identified in his theory of chance as a challenge that any metaphysical theory of probabilistic laws must overcome. I argue that dispositional essentialism explicates probabilistic laws while the other two theories fail to do so.
Lewis's best systems analysis explicates probabilistic laws only with a solution to the problem of undermining. Michael Thau's solution was met with Lewis's approval. I argue that Thau's solution is ad hoc and renders impossible the fit of best systems with probabilistic laws to indeterministic worlds. Bas van Fraassen argued that David Armstrong's theory of contingent necessitation is totally incapable of explicating probabilistic laws of nature. I argue that Armstrong is able to respond to some of van Fraassen's arguments, but not to the extent of rehabilitating his theory. I also argue that Armstrong's theory of probabilistic laws suffers from the problem of undermining. This result adds to the widely held suspicion that Armstrong's theory is a version of a regularity theory of laws. With propensities grounding probabilistic laws of nature, the problem of undermining does not arise for dispositional essentialism, because all nomically possible futures are compatible with the propensities instantiated in the world. I conclude that dispositional essentialism explicates probabilistic laws of nature better than Lewis's and Armstrong's theories do. Since probabilistic laws are ubiquitous in contemporary physics, I conclude that dispositional essentialism furnishes a better metaphysics of laws than Lewis's and Armstrong's theories do.

Submission note: "A thesis submitted in total fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy…
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - La Trobe University, 2010

Submission note: "A thesis submitted in total fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy [to the] School of Law, Faculty of Law and Management, La Trobe University, Bundoora".

► Another facet of this case concerns the restriction of the applicants' choice as regards the trade unions which they could form of their own volition.…
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▼ Another facet of this case concerns the restriction of the applicants' choice as
regards the trade unions which they could form of their own volition. An individual
does not enjoy the right to freedom of association if in reality the freedom of action
or choice which remains available to him is either non-existent or so reduced as to
be of no practical value. Jayawickrama
The principal objective for this study is to investigate the prohibition and/or
the effectiveness of freedom of association in the disciplined forces in
Botswana as contrasted with the laws and practices in South Africa. The
study aims to explore whether freedom of association exists in the
disciplined forces of the Republic of Botswana; and if it does, how effective it
is, and if it does not exist, whether such non-existence infringes the human
rights of the disciplined forces to enjoy the fundamental rights to form and
join trade unions of their choice as provided for in section 13(1) of the
Constitution of Botswana.
The study finds that the right to form or belong to a trade union 1s an
absolute right in terms of section 13(1) of the Constitution. The study
therefore surmises that the exclusion of trade unions in the disciplined
forces of Botswana is not reasonably justified in a democratic society,
thereby rendering section 24 of the Police Act, section 35 of the Prisons Act
and Regulation 75 of the Botswana Defense Force unconstitutional.

Today, maintenance strategies and their analyses remain a worrying problem forcompanies. Socio economic stakes depending on competitiveness of each strategy are even morelinked to activity and quality of maintenance interventions. A series of specific events caneventually warn the expert of an imminent breakdown. Our study aims at understanding this“signature” thanks to an hidden Markov model. On that purpose, two strategies on damage levelestimation of maintained system are proposed to expert. The first one consists in using of nonparametric and semi parametric degradation laws. The second one consists in using of anmarkovian approach. All proposals are illustrated on two case studies corresponding to two realindustrial situations (continuous system for food processing and moulded products in aluminumalloys in an discontinuous process).

This thesis examines recent changes in state level voting laws and their effect on the turnout rate of different minority…
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)

This thesis examines recent changes in state level voting laws and their effect on the turnout rate of different minority group voters. Individual states are in charge of conducting their own elections as well as having their own requirements for registering voters and early voting. There is no federal law or constitutional mandate that requires states to have similar election laws. but The Voting Rights Act of 1965 tried to ensure the laws passed do not disproportionately exclude certain citizens from the ability to vote. Because of this attempt to not exclude minority groups, election laws can vary widely by states and impact citizens of some minority groups. Some states have chosen to pass laws that make registering and voting more complicated, while others have tried to ensure that both are as easy as possible for each and every citizen. Voting laws can have negative consequences for many groups. Minority populations are often thought to be hit the hardest by many of these election reform laws. Some states have been passing more restrictive laws since 2000 and again in 2013 after section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act was ruled unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. This variance in election laws across states and across election years gives a perfect arena to further evaluate the potential effect. This analysis will look at comparing states from 2006 to 2014 in order to determine the effect of restrictive voting laws on turnout.

► This thesis examined cybercrime and cybercrime legislation in Saudi Arabia. It introduced the Saudi Arabian background emphasizing on Internet. It Stated the current situation of…
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▼ This thesis examined cybercrime and cybercrime legislation in Saudi Arabia. It introduced the Saudi Arabian background emphasizing on Internet. It Stated the current situation of cybercrime in the Kingdome. Moving forward, it Gave literature review of different sources relevant to this research area. This thesis has two main sections: one is the major cybercrimes in Saudi Arabia. This section included analysis of the major attacks that hit the kingdom. It explained the incident summary and the attack tactics techniques, and procedures used. The second section is an analysis of the current legislations and countermeasures used to combat cybercrime in the Kingdome. last gave the recommendations that can help resolving or enhancing the current situation as well as the challenges faced while conducting this research.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bronk , Christopher (advisor).

Bail is a device which provides for the pre-trial release of a criminal defendant after security has been taken for the defendant’s future appearance…
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peer-reviewed

Bail is a device which provides for the pre-trial release of a criminal defendant after security
has been taken for the defendant’s future appearance at trial. Ireland has traditionally adopted
a liberal approach to bail. For example, in The People (Attorney General) v O’Callaghan
(1966), the Supreme Court declared that the sole purpose of bail was to secure the attendance
of the accused at trial and that the refusal of bail on preventative detention grounds amounted
to a denial of the presumption of innocence. Accordingly, it would be unconstitutional to
deny bail to an accused person as a means of preventing him from committing further
offences while awaiting trial.
This purist approach to the right to bail came under severe pressure in the mid-1990s from
police, prosecutorial and political forces which, in turn, was a response to a media generated
panic over the perceived increase over the threat posed by organised crime and an associated
growth in ‘bail banditry’. A constitutional amendment effectively neutralising the effects of
the O'Callaghan jurisprudence was adopted in 1996. This was swiftly followed by the Bail
Act 1997 which introduced the concept of preventative detention (in the bail context) into
Irish law. More recent legislative enactments have further strengthened this encroachment on
the right to bail.
The combined effect of these incremental changes has been to produce a bail regime
fundamentally at odds with core values of the Irish legal system as espoused in the
O'Callaghan jurisprudence. At the very least, they entail a direct attack on the right to liberty
and the presumption of innocence. However, it must be said that they are not necessarily
incompatible with the European Convention on Human Rights. Nor are they peculiar to
Ireland. Most of them are already established features of several other common law
jurisdictions, including England and Wales, and the United States.
The primary aim of this thesis is to explore the reorientation of the Irish criminal justice
system from a due process to crime control system of justice. The reform of Ireland’s bail
laws and the introduction of preventative detention in the bail context will serve as the
principal example to convey this contention. A related aim of this thesis is to assess how and
the extent to which these bail changes have been imported hastily from other jurisdictions
without being adequately assimilated to the distinctive domestic and constitutional traditions
of the Irish criminal justice system.

► This dissertation examines the origins of filial responsibility laws in Canada and the United States, laws which prescribe that adult children have an obligation of…
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▼ This dissertation examines the origins of filial responsibility laws in Canada and the United States, laws which prescribe that adult children have an obligation of support which is owed to their parents. Filial responsibility laws enable an indigent parent, or an institution providing medical treatment and care to an indigent parent, to seek financial support from that parent’s adult children through the use of litigation. While those who favour these rarely-used laws claim that they bring many benefits to both the family and the state, there is little evidence to suggest that such benefits are actualized. The development and use of the laws in Canada and the United States make it clear that the limitation of the expenditure of government funds was the primary motive for these laws and the support of families a distant secondary motive.

This dissertation incorporates three essays related to youth’s health and human capital outcomes. The first two essays investigate the impacts of important public policies…
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Economics

This dissertation incorporates three essays related to youth’s health and human capital outcomes. The first two essays investigate the impacts of important public policies on adolescents’ mental health and risky behavioral outcomes. Essay three examines the effects of mothers’ non-cognitive skills on children’s home environment qualities and their cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Domestic violence is a large public issue in the United States. Chapter 1 investigates the effectiveness of warrantless arrest laws enacted by states for domestic violence incidents on multiple youth mental and behavioral outcomes. Under these laws, police officers can arrest a suspect without a warrant even if they did not witness the crime. Although young women remain at the highest risk of victimization of domestic violence, children ages 3 to 17 years are also at elevated risk for domestic violence. Further, over 15 million children witness domestic violence in their homes every year in the United States. Exposure to domestic violence is associated with various social, emotional, behavioral, and health-related problems among youth. Using variation in timing of implementation of the arrest laws across states, I utilize differences-in-differences analyses in multiple, large-scale data sets of nationally representative samples of youth population to study the impact of the laws on a number of youth mental and behavioral outcomes. Results indicate the presence of heterogeneity with respect to the impact of states’ arrest laws on the outcomes studied. The study is useful for policymakers as it provides important evidence on the effectiveness of state measures designed to reduce domestic violence. The estimates obtained in the analyses are robust to multiple sensitivity checks to address key threats to identification. Chapter 2 empirically examines the effects of state cyberbullying laws on youth outcomes with respect to measures of school violence, mental health, and substance use behavior. Electronic form of harassment or cyberbullying is a large social, health, and education issue in the United States. In response to cyberbullying, most state governments have enacted electronic harassment or cyberbullying law as a part of their bullying prevention law. The analysis uses variation in the timing of implementation of cyberbullying laws across states as an exogenous source of variation. Using nationally representative samples of high-school teenagers from national and state Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, the study finds evidence of a positive relationship between adoption of cyberbullying laws and students’ reporting of certain experiences of school violence, mental health problems, and substance use activities. Regression analyses also study the effects of some important components of state cyberbullying laws. Finally, this study examines the sex-specific impacts of cyberbullying laws and its components on youth. The causal estimates are robust to the inclusion of multiple sensitivity checks. This study provides evidence on the…

► In recent years, gun control policy has dominated the American political agenda. Today, political pundits on both sides of the aisle regularly cite gun statistics…
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▼ In recent years, gun control policy has dominated the American political agenda. Today, political pundits on both sides of the aisle regularly cite gun statistics supporting either a pro or anti-gun control stance. While billions of dollars are spent on firearm policies that either tighten or relax current laws, little is known about the actual effectiveness of many of the firearm laws being implemented. Meanwhile, tens of thousands of Americans continue to die from gun violence each year.
In this thesis, I seek to clarify the gun control debate by assessing the impact of restrictive gun control legislation on various categories of firearm deaths across US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) while controlling for a number of relevant variables. More specifically, I conduct a multivariate regression analysis correlating the restrictiveness of state firearm laws with firearm homicide and suicide rates while controlling for age, poverty, education, and location in a Southern state. All homicide and suicide data were drawn from the 2013-2015 Center for Disease Control and Prevention Wonder Database, while all other control variables were drawn from 2010-2014 US Census Bureau statistics. My results reveal that restrictive firearm laws have a small but statistically significant tendency to produce lower suicide rates, but have no decipherable correlation with homicide rates. The findings for this study underscore the importance of conducting additional research on this complex but highly salient topic.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lascher, Edward L..

Beedy, K. R. (2017). Guns in America: Assessing the impact of state firearm legislation on homicide and suicide rates in US metropolitan statistical areas. (Masters Thesis). California State University – Sacramento. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/190693

Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):

Beedy, Katrina Rose. “Guns in America: Assessing the impact of state firearm legislation on homicide and suicide rates in US metropolitan statistical areas.” 2017. Masters Thesis, California State University – Sacramento. Accessed September 15, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/190693.

Beedy KR. Guns in America: Assessing the impact of state firearm legislation on homicide and suicide rates in US metropolitan statistical areas. [Masters Thesis]. California State University – Sacramento; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/190693

University of Manchester

23.
Jackman, Mahalia.
Living in Sodom’s Shadow: Essays on attitudes towards gay
men and lesbians in the Commonwealth Caribbean.

► Over the last few decades, there has been a significant increase in the political and public acceptance of gay men and lesbians. However, this trend…
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▼ Over the last few decades, there has been a
significant increase in the political and public acceptance of gay
men and lesbians. However, this trend of acceptance is not a global
phenomenon. Currently over 70 countries still criminalise private
consensual same-sex intimacy, among which are 11 of the 12
independent Commonwealth Caribbean states. It should be noted that
the anti-gay laws of the Caribbean are rarely used to police
consensual private sexual activities. Thus, if private same-sex
conduct is rarely penalised, why keep the laws in place, especially
in the age where such bans are considered a violation of basic
human rights? Many policy makers in the region have cited public
opinions about homosexuality as a significant barrier to law
reform. However, while a common view is that these laws are
anchored by public support, very few studies have emerged to test
whether the attitudes and behaviours of the general population are
in line with this view. Against this backdrop, this thesis analyses
attitudes towards lesbians and gay men and their legal rights in
the Commonwealth Caribbean.The thesis begins with an analysis of
support for the anti-gay laws in Barbados, Guyana and Trinidad and
Tobago. The analysis revealed that a majority of the sample
supported the maintenance and enforcement of the laws, but did not
want same-sex couples to be penalised for having sex in private.
This suggests that attitudes may not be as stark as policy makers
suggest. The descriptive statistics also show that a significant
share of individuals think that the laws (1) reflect moral
standards; (2) stop the spread of homosexuality; (3) are important
from a public health perspective, and (4) protect young people from
abuse. Support for the laws are thus related to beliefs that
homosexuality is a ‘threat’ to the fabric of society. The empirical
analysis of support for the laws revealed that religiousness,
interpersonal contact and beliefs about the origin of homosexuality
were the most reliable predictors of public support. However, age
and education were only statistically significant in a few models,
and there was no evidence that attitudes varied across religious
denominations. This is a contrast to the findings of studies in the
West. It was hypothesised that macro-level factors – such as the
large share of Evangelicals, anti-gay laws and level of
socioeconomic development – could be exerting an influence on
attitudes that is stronger than that of these personal
characteristics. As such, the study conducted a cross-national
analysis of attitudes towards same-sex marriage in 28 countries in
the Americas, 6 of which were members of the Commonwealth
Caribbean. In general, countries with higher levels of development,
smaller shares of Evangelicals and more liberal laws on
homosexuality were more approving of same-sex marriage. The results
also suggest that the impact of age and/or religion is less
prominent in countries with restrictions on same-sex intimacy,
lower levels of development and a strong Evangelical presence,
confirming the…
Advisors/Committee Members: STORM, INGRID IK, Storm, Ingrid, Ford, Robert.

Jackman, M. (2016). Living in Sodom’s Shadow: Essays on attitudes towards gay
men and lesbians in the Commonwealth Caribbean. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:306204

Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):

Jackman, Mahalia. “Living in Sodom’s Shadow: Essays on attitudes towards gay
men and lesbians in the Commonwealth Caribbean.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed September 15, 2019.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:306204.

Jackman M. Living in Sodom’s Shadow: Essays on attitudes towards gay
men and lesbians in the Commonwealth Caribbean. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. [cited 2019 Sep 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:306204.

Council of Science Editors:

Jackman M. Living in Sodom’s Shadow: Essays on attitudes towards gay
men and lesbians in the Commonwealth Caribbean. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:306204

University of Manchester

24.
Jackman, Mahalia.
Living in Sodom's shadow : essays on attitudes towards gay men and lesbians in the Commonwealth Caribbean.

► Over the last few decades, there has been a significant increase in the political and public acceptance of gay men and lesbians. However, this trend…
(more)

▼ Over the last few decades, there has been a significant increase in the political and public acceptance of gay men and lesbians. However, this trend of acceptance is not a global phenomenon. Currently over 70 countries still criminalise private consensual same-sex intimacy, among which are 11 of the 12 independent Commonwealth Caribbean states. It should be noted that the anti-gay laws of the Caribbean are rarely used to police consensual private sexual activities. Thus, if private same-sex conduct is rarely penalised, why keep the laws in place, especially in the age where such bans are considered a violation of basic human rights? Many policy makers in the region have cited public opinions about homosexuality as a significant barrier to law reform. However, while a common view is that these laws are anchored by public support, very few studies have emerged to test whether the attitudes and behaviours of the general population are in line with this view. Against this backdrop, this thesis analyses attitudes towards lesbians and gay men and their legal rights in the Commonwealth Caribbean. The thesis begins with an analysis of support for the anti-gay laws in Barbados, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. The analysis revealed that a majority of the sample supported the maintenance and enforcement of the laws, but did not want same-sex couples to be penalised for having sex in private. This suggests that attitudes may not be as stark as policy makers suggest. The descriptive statistics also show that a significant share of individuals think that the laws (1) reflect moral standards; (2) stop the spread of homosexuality; (3) are important from a public health perspective, and (4) protect young people from abuse. Support for the laws are thus related to beliefs that homosexuality is a 'threat' to the fabric of society. The empirical analysis of support for the laws revealed that religiousness, interpersonal contact and beliefs about the origin of homosexuality were the most reliable predictors of public support. However, age and education were only statistically significant in a few models, and there was no evidence that attitudes varied across religious denominations. This is a contrast to the findings of studies in the West. It was hypothesised that macro-level factors - such as the large share of Evangelicals, anti-gay laws and level of socioeconomic development - could be exerting an influence on attitudes that is stronger than that of these personal characteristics. As such, the study conducted a cross-national analysis of attitudes towards same-sex marriage in 28 countries in the Americas, 6 of which were members of the Commonwealth Caribbean. In general, countries with higher levels of development, smaller shares of Evangelicals and more liberal laws on homosexuality were more approving of same-sex marriage. The results also suggest that the impact of age and/or religion is less prominent in countries with restrictions on same-sex intimacy, lower levels of development and a strong Evangelical presence, confirming the…

Jackman, M. (2017). Living in Sodom's shadow : essays on attitudes towards gay men and lesbians in the Commonwealth Caribbean. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/living-in-sodoms-shadow-essays-on-attitudes-towards-gay-men-and-lesbians-in-the-commonwealth-caribbean(a608cdf2-04e3-4e2a-9a78-506c49c71625).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.734239

Jackman M. Living in Sodom's shadow : essays on attitudes towards gay men and lesbians in the Commonwealth Caribbean. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2017. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/living-in-sodoms-shadow-essays-on-attitudes-towards-gay-men-and-lesbians-in-the-commonwealth-caribbean(a608cdf2-04e3-4e2a-9a78-506c49c71625).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.734239

The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast, through a literature review, the compliance of the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the…
(more)

▼

M.Comm.

The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast, through a literature review, the compliance of the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the Republic of South Africa to the minimum labour standards of the International Labour Standards (ILO). The minimum standards are established as the core labour standards, embodied in the eight fundamental conventions. The ROK and South Africa’s labour laws and labour practices are benchmarked against the ILO’s International Labour Standards (ILS) in order to compare these practices and to establish if these labour standards comply with the minimum standards set by the ILO. The propositions stated are: that the ROK and South African labour standards differ, that South African labour standards comply with the minimum labour standards of the ILO; and that ROK labour standards do not comply with the minimum standards of the ILO. The propositions were verified. The ILO standards are described in order to identify the minimum rules set by the core labour standards as embodied in the eight fundamental conventions. The two countries’ labour relations histories, labour laws, labour relations institutions and rule making strategies are described as part of the labour practices in these countries. The labour practices in each country are analysed and benchmarked against the ILO ILS in order to identify an inconsistency between law and practice. In South Africa, the Constitution includes all international laws when interpreting South African law. The only exceptions are when the Constitution or when an act of Parliament specifically excludes the contents of such a law. The conclusion is that South Africa complies with ILO ILS. In the ROK, the labour practices such as the right to the freedom of association and collective bargaining of non-permanent workers, as well as the exclusion of certain categories of workers are areas of concern.

Reyneke, P. H. C. (2010). Labour practices in South Africa and Korea : a comparative study against international labour organisation standards. (Thesis). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3465

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):

Reyneke, Pieter Hendrik Christoffel. “Labour practices in South Africa and Korea : a comparative study against international labour organisation standards.” 2010. Thesis, University of Johannesburg. Accessed September 15, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3465.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Reyneke PHC. Labour practices in South Africa and Korea : a comparative study against international labour organisation standards. [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3465

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Zululand

26.
Weaver-Hudson, John.
Holiness and humanism: a comparative-religions commentary on book 2 of Cicero’s laws, with special reference to Confucianism and Chinese thought
.

► After a brief introduction, a new translation of De Legibus II, and prolegomenal remarks, the commentary discusses in Cicero's sequence: how place connects to ancient…
(more)

▼ After a brief introduction, a new translation of De Legibus II, and prolegomenal remarks, the commentary discusses in Cicero's sequence: how place connects to ancient times and traditions (4), God's Law and his judgment on human laws (5-6), tension between Roman religion and Greek philosophy (7), and the setting forth of Cicero's code of religious law (8), the code covers whom to worship (9), the power of Cicero's own priesthood (10), religion and political unity (11), social justice and religious rites (12), Cicero's digression on a turf-war between augurs and pontifices and priestly responsibility for religious law alone (13), the rites of death (14), and the prospect of immortality (15).
Excursuses within the commentary include: holy reason as imago Dei in humans; dialogists' family and friendship; legitimacy of law in Confucianism; the supreme God and His/Its relation to lesser deities, especially Minerva; hyperphilologism and ancient holist theology (hence reference to current African philosophy and theology and to modern religious traditions). Cicero's anti-Platonism/anti-utopianism. parallel Confucian-Mohist enmity, and the common substrate of family and family rite; mistaking propriety for agnosticism and tacit knowing for unbelief; reliability of the canonical texts; the sages' descendants and classical explicators; tyranny as the sin of parricide: Roman priesthoods with reference to the religious power of women; family religious rites; the augural priesthood and its liberationist implications.
Selected interpretive issues meriting further enquiry follows: the integrity of theology in DL2 and aspects of classical Confucianism; Cicero's theological language and the use of translations; theological anti-totalitarianism in Cicero and his contemporary Han Dynasty Confucians; scholarly contempt for Cicero and its civic-theological implications: late-dating of DL as buttress of its civic-theological character; lsocrates as anti-Platonic paradigm of theological political praxis; the distinctiveness of our sages over against mediaeval philosophical theology in the West and China; and anti-imperialist theology in Viet Nam and Cicero's Philippics. The conclusion offers encouragement in civic-theological resistance to tyranny, the role of humane reason in theology and the present applicability of aspects of the theology of Cicero and that of Confucius.
Advisors/Committee Members: Song, A (advisor).

Weaver-Hudson, J. (2008). Holiness and humanism: a comparative-religions commentary on book 2 of Cicero’s laws, with special reference to Confucianism and Chinese thought
. (Thesis). University of Zululand. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10530/141

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):

Weaver-Hudson, John. “Holiness and humanism: a comparative-religions commentary on book 2 of Cicero’s laws, with special reference to Confucianism and Chinese thought
.” 2008. Thesis, University of Zululand. Accessed September 15, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10530/141.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7th Edition):

Weaver-Hudson, John. “Holiness and humanism: a comparative-religions commentary on book 2 of Cicero’s laws, with special reference to Confucianism and Chinese thought
.” 2008. Web. 15 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Weaver-Hudson J. Holiness and humanism: a comparative-religions commentary on book 2 of Cicero’s laws, with special reference to Confucianism and Chinese thought
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zululand; 2008. [cited 2019 Sep 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10530/141.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Weaver-Hudson J. Holiness and humanism: a comparative-religions commentary on book 2 of Cicero’s laws, with special reference to Confucianism and Chinese thought
. [Thesis]. University of Zululand; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10530/141

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

► Originally, all 50 states legally defined rape as sexual intercourse with a female, not a spouse, forcibly and against her will (Russell 1990). It was…
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▼ Originally, all 50 states legally defined rape as sexual intercourse with a female, not a spouse, forcibly and against her will (Russell 1990). It was not until late in the 1970s, during the second women’s rights movement, that state courts and legislatures began abolishing the marital rape exemptions (Bergen 1996). As of 2002, however, only 24 states and the District of Columbia had completely abolished their marital rape exemptions. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the state-to-state variation in marital rape laws. Using conflict theory and research on the process of diffusion to guide the analysis, I examine the social, political, and gender environments of a state that may increase a state’s likelihood of completely abolishing their marital rape exemptions. The results from an event history analysis indicate that the social and gender climates of a state significantly affect the likelihood of adopting a marital rape law. Specifically, states with a higher proportion of Whites and states with a higher percentage of women in the labor force are more likely to abolish completely their marital rape exemptions. Additionally, being in close proximity to other states that have abolished completely their marital rape exemptions decreases a state’s likelihood of abolishing their exemptions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jody Clay-Warner.

► As agencies of last resort, police officers of today are often called upon to serve as both counselor and gatekeeper to an array of social…
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▼ As agencies of last resort, police officers of today are often called upon to serve as both counselor and gatekeeper to an array of social services for older adults. Unfortunately, there is little to no training available to law enforcement as to what aging resources are available, how to access them, or the referral processes. Furthermore, the scarcity of research on the knowledge base of first responders or biases they may hold makes designing appropriate training curricula problematic. Utilizing a survey that included Palmore’s Facts on Aging Quiz, I examined Salt Lake area law enforcement officers’ attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge of aging. By correlating these findings with demographic characteristics including experiences in law enforcement, I was able to show officers across all demographic variables have very little understanding of aging and the aging process. Overall, the sample of officers demonstrated age bias and low comprehension of laws specific to older persons. The knowledge base of officers was found to be similar to that of Social Work (College of);ers, health-care providers, and college students. These findings suggest training protocols need to be augmented or instituted to both debunk many aging stereotypes and better prepare officers to respond to the needs of those they serve.

Cupello MS. Law enforcement knowledge of elder laws and beliefs about aging. [Masters Thesis]. University of Utah; 2010. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/1829/rec/702

► Worldwide companion animals are being bred and traded. The line between legal and illegal breed and trade is a thin line. Breeders and traders act…
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▼ Worldwide companion animals are being bred and traded. The line between legal and illegal breed and trade is a thin line. Breeders and traders act illegal when a license is missing, when the certificates of vaccination are inaccurate or forged, when they do not meet the requirements of the European law concerning transport of living animals, or when the welfare of the animals is not to a certain standard. Especially this last point gives room for interpretation. Unfortunately there are no European laws concerning the welfare of animals in each Member State. This means that each country has its own legislation, or worse, no legislation at all. In this research the definition of illegal dog trade will become clear, as well as the trade of dogs within the European Union. There are several negative consequences of this illegal dog trade; not just in the field of the health, welfare and behavior of the dogs, but also for the consumer. Unfortunately, the European Commission has no legal base yet to act upon the field of animal welfare.
Advisors/Committee Members: Akkerdaas, L.C..

► Current blue laws are primarily concerned with the preclusion of the sale of alcohol on Sunday in a handful of states. In this study, we…
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▼ Current blue laws are primarily concerned with the preclusion of the sale of alcohol on Sunday in a handful of states. In this study, we examine an important potential secular benefit of Sunday sales bans: a reduction in underage drinking, which is linked to a multitude of deleterious risky behaviors. We exploit a pseudo-natural experiment which has arisen from the heterogeneity in Sunday sales status across counties and municipalities in Georgia. To account for potential endogeneity of the decision to repeal, we employ both fixed effects and an instrumental variable approach. Across several different model specifications, we find no effect of repeal on underage drinking. Policy-makers would do well to seek methods other than sale prohibitions to illicit change in underage drinking rates.
Advisors/Committee Members: Joshua Berning.

…Carpenter (2005) finds that youth targeted drunk driving laws
reduced the gonorrhea rate… …so
called Blue laws. In recent decades, however, the USA has seen a dramatic decrease in… …legislatures into formulating laws that benefit society in the best way.
More broadly, our results… …3
CHAPTER 2
BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION
Blue laws that restrict commerce on Sundays have… …closing laws have been in place adherent to
the state‘s objective to preserve the health, safety…

Meany BD. Drinking and the blues: the effect of Sunday alcohol sale bans of teen drinking behaviors in Georgia. [Masters Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2015. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/meany_brendan_d_201505_ms