Coarse-grained modelling of DNA and DNA self-assemblyOuldridge, Thomas E.Louis, Adriaan A.BiophysicsTheoretical physicsDNAnanotechnologysimulation<p>In this thesis I present a novel coarse-grained model of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The model represents single-stranded DNA as a chain of rigid nucleotides, and includes potentials to represent chain connectivity, excluded volume, hydrogen-bonding and base stacking interactions. The parameterization of these interactions is justified by comparing the model's representation of a range of physical phenomena to experimental data. In particular, the geometrical structure and elastic moduli of duplex DNA, and the flexibility of single-stranded DNA, are shown to be physically reasonable. Additionally, the thermodynamics of single-stranded stacking, duplex hybridization, hairpin formation and more complex motifs are shown to agree well with experimental data.</p><p>The model is optimized for capturing the thermodynamic and mechanical changes associated with duplex formation from single strands. Considerable attention is therefore given to ensuring that single-stranded DNA behaves physically, an approach which differs from previous attempts to model DNA. As a result, the model is the first in which an explicit stacking transition is present in single strands, and also the only coarse-grained model to date to capture both hairpin formation within a single strand and duplex formation between strands.</p><p>The scope of the model is demonstrated by simulating DNA tweezers, an iconic nanodevice -- the first time that coarse-grained modelling has been applied to dynamic DNA nanotechnology. The simulations suggest that branch migration during toehold-mediated strand displacement -- a central feature of many nanomachines -- does not have a flat free-energy profile, as is generally assumed. This finding may help to explain the observed dependence of displacement rate on toehold length.</p><p>Finally, the operation of a two-footed DNA walker on a single-stranded DNA track is considered. The model suggests that several aspects of the walker will reduce its efficiency, including a tendency to bind to an undesired site on the track. Several design modifications are suggested to improve the operation of the walker.</p>2011textthesisborn digitalora:6111enurn:uuid:b2415bb2-7975-4f59-b5e2-8c022b4a3719