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IFN-alpha, beta, gamma; They activate PKR to control and shut down viral protein synthesis, and also activate NK/Tc cells that contribute to the cell-mediated response.

Why do viruses present a unique challenge to the immune system?

They are INTRACELLULAR pathogens; to inhibit the virus, the cell must be inhibited at the same time. Viruses change frequently by mutation and swapping genetic material from other strains.

What is the first response to a viral infection?

Secretion of IFN-a/b which activates innate antiviral activity

What is the primary purpose of IgA in an anti-viral response?

IgA is secreted in the mucous, so it is helpful in preventing entry of the virus into the body. Can block BINDING of virus to mucosal epithelial cells, FUSION of envelope with the host’s plasma membrane.