Synaxarion, Copto-Arabic

(CE:2171b-2190a)
SYNAXARION, COPTO-ARABIC, list of saints used in the Coptic church. [This entry consists of two articles, Editions of the Synaxarion and The List of Saints.]
Editions of the Synaxarion
This book, which has become a liturgical book, is very important for the history of the Coptic church. It appears in two forms: the recension from Lower Egypt, which is the quasi-official book of the Coptic church from Alexandria to Aswan, and the recension from Upper Egypt. Egypt has long preserved this separation into two Egypts, Upper and Lower, and this division was translated into daily life through different usages, and in particular through different religious books.
This book is the result of various endeavors, of which the Synaxarion itself speaks, for it mentions different usages here or there. It poses several questions that we cannot answer with any certainty: Who compiled the Synaxarion, and who was the first to take the initiative? Who made the final revision, and where was it done? It seems evident that the intention was to compile this book for the Coptic church in imitation of the Greek list of saints, and that the author or authors drew their inspiration from that work, for several notices are obviously taken from the Synaxarion called that of Constantinople.
The reader may have recourse to several editions or translations, each of which has its advantages and its disadvantages. Let us take them in chronological order.
The oldest translation (German) is that of the great German Arabist F. Wüstenfeld, who produced the edition with a German translation of part of al-Maqrizi's Khitat, concerning the Coptic church, under the title Macrizi's Geschichte der Copten (Göttingen, 1845). He also translated the Synaxarion (without including the Arabic text), but only the first half-year appeared, under the title Synaxarium, das ist Heiligen-Kalender der coptischen Christen (2 vols., Gotha, 1879). He had prepared the second part of the year, but the manuscript remained in the library in Göttingen. Wüstenfeld translated only a single Arabic manuscript in Gotha, dating from 1826 and representing only the recension from Lower Egypt.
R. Graffin's Patrologia Orientalis published the Synaxarion in several fascicles with a French translation, under the title Le Synaxaire arabe-jacobite (rédaction copte). Begun in 1904, it was completed in 1929, after the death of its author, R. Basset. It represents a great step forward for our knowledge of the history of the Coptic community, but unfortunately the author, well versed in the Arabic language of the Muslims, was completely unaware of the peculiarities of the language of the Christians of Egypt. Also, misinterpretations are not lacking, to the point that the reader may wonder if Basset had employed a ghost writer. In 1905 the Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium collection—at that time in competition—brought out the Synaxarium alexandrinum, with a Latin translation.
While the Patrologia Orientalis edition was based on two manuscripts from the Bibliothèque nationale in Paris, one dated by codicologists to the fourteenth century and the other to the seventeenth (restored in the nineteenth), the Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium edition had the great fault of taking as its base a late manuscript, and relegating to notes the variants of six other manuscripts, including those used by Basset. The latter published two manuscripts—especially for the first half-year— amalgamating them without taking account of the fact that they represented two different recensions—so much so that the finished product is a Synaxarion that never existed! In the Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium Forget was more fortunate, for when he began his edition, he noted that the text of Paris Bibliothèque nationale 4869 gave a different recension. He therefore published it separately (vols. 47-48, pp. 291ff). Unfortunately his translation mingled the two recensions; and it, too, fabricated a hybrid Synaxarion that never existed in the manuscripts. We can at least separate the two recensions, for he indicates in the margin the pages of the Arabic text. If the page is 291 or beyond, the reader who has been warned will know that it is the Sahidic recension. The translation errors are less frequent, and the number of manuscripts used is greater; but here, as in Basset's edition, there was no serious analysis of the manuscripts of the Synaxarion beforehand. In particular, the manuscripts deposited in Egypt had not been consulted.
In 1935-1937 there was an edition at Cairo, without a translation into a European language, made by two qummus (a special rank in the Coptic Church, superior to the simple priest, and a title given also to the abbots of monasteries, deriving from the Greek HEGUMENOS), ‘Abd al-Masih Mikha’il and Armaniyus Habashi Shita al-Birmawi. This was based—according to the preface—on several Egyptian manuscripts, enumerated below, and on the Paris edition. It has the advantage of adding to the manuscripts of the Synaxarion some notices, taken from other sources that are not named, concerning certain recent patriarchs or saints who are not found in the manuscripts of the Synaxarion—for example, saints Dimyanah, Macrobius, Pshoi, and Petrus, whose relics are still the object of a pilgrimage to Sidfa. The authors suppressed what appeared to them worthless or unseemly. Although this edition is precious because it uses manuscripts unknown in Europe, one cannot trust it completely, since its choice remains arbitrary. There is, thus, no totally reliable edition, and each has its advantages and its limitations.
These editions ignore the true calendar indicating which saint is to be celebrated on each day. Such a calendar was found in most of the manuscripts of the Qatamarus. The 1900-1902 edition of the annual Qatamarus, completed later for Lent, Holy Week, and the Pentecostal season (the period between Easter and Pentecost), gives this calendar, indicating by a rubric which saint or which New Testament event is to be commemorated, whereas the Synaxarion offered the faithful all the saints known to the authors. If the development of the printing press caused these printed editions of both the Synaxarion and the Lectionary to become the quasi official editions in use everywhere in Egypt, this diffusion does not put an end to possible contradictions. Through their formation, local usage, which has become that of all Egypt, may retain a saint or event in the Lectionary that is unknown in the Synaxarion and vice versa.
The reader who wishes information about the cult of a saint of the Coptic church therefore must have recourse to several editions, each with its lacunae and its unique information. One must also take account of the fact that some local or ancient saints have not found a place in the Synaxarion or the Lectionary. Some Egyptian saints retained as such by the Greek books, liturgical or historical, are unknown to the Coptic books.
RENÉ-GEORGES COQUIN
The List of Saints
Synaxarion is the Coptic and Greek term for the Latin synaxarium, and is a formal compilation of the lives of the martyrs, saints, and religious heroes of the Coptic church. These biographies are sometimes reduced to a mere citation of each martyr or saint read in the course of the liturgy, after excerpts from the Acts (ABRAXOS) during the morning service on the day of the passion of each. This is usually presented in the form of an encomium or homily for the edification of the congregation.
The development of the martyr cult in the Coptic church dates from the early centuries, when those encomiums were read in both Sahidic and Bohairic (from the beginning of the Middle Ages), and in Arabic (after the ARAB CONQUEST OF EGYPT). In most cases, these biographies were translated into Arabic from Greek and Coptic originals. Furthermore, the current Arabic text includes a limited number of extraneous entries besides these biographies, in which certain notable events are commemorated on given dates, such as the Crucifixion, the feasts and fasts of the church, the apparition of an archangel or the Virgin Mary, the Coptic New Year, the dedication of a historic church, and so on. But the bulk of the work remains dedicated to the saints and martyrs whose cult became embedded in church traditions.
Until the fourteenth century, the lives of these holy men and women were read separately, in independent encomiums, on their passion days. Ultimately they were assembled in a single book, an operation primarily associated with Anba Butrus al-Jamil, bishop of Malij, though others are known to have participated in this task, including Anba Mikha’il, bishop of Atrib, and Anba Yuhanna, bishop of Parallos (Burullus). At later dates, however, names of other holy men appeared in the fourteenth-century Arabic text, such as Anba Abraham, bishop of Fayyum, in modern times. The present recension of the Arabic Synaxarion, approved by the church authority and read throughout the Coptic church, has been compiled from a number of older manuscripts, of which some are directly ascribed to Anba Butrus, bishop of Malij. They are the following:
1. Three manuscripts in the patriarchal library, the oldest of which is dated 1114 A.M./A.D. 1398, which could be contemporary with Anba Butrus.
2. Two copies in the Coptic Museum Library, one of which is dated 1056 A.M./A.D. 1340 and must have been from the time of Anba Butrus. The other is dated 1450 A.M./A.D. 1734 and is supposed to have been rendered into Arabic from an older Ethiopic translation by Christodoulos, the Coptic primate of Ethiopia at the time.
3. Two copies in the Baramus Monastery Library in Wadi al-Natrun: one dated 1360 A.M./A.D. 1644, and the other dated 1496 A.M./A.D. 1780. The second copy is said to have been restored by IBRAHIM AL-JAWHARI.
Other, older, printed editions of the Arabic text are extant. The first publication was started by J. Forget (see above). The text of ‘Abd-al-Masih Mikha’il and Armaniyus Habashi Shita al-Birmawi has been reproduced several times and is still in print. In the following pages, we have reproduced a summary of its contents under each date of the Coptic calendar. It is undoubtedly the most complete formal register of all known names of martyrs and saints to be cited in the church liturgies, and it must remain the primary source of Coptic HAGIOGRAPHY, even though it may occasionally be uncritical and apocryphal. Side by side with the Synaxarion, mention must be made of the DIFNAR or Antiphonarium, consisting of two alternative hymns for each day of the year to commemorate a saint or saints included in the liturgy on that date according to the authority of the Synaxarion.
Inasmuch as the formula to convert Coptic calendar dates into their Gregorian equivalents varies from century to century, the corresponding Julian calendar date, which remains constant through time, is given for each Coptic day in the list below. To convert the Julian date into its Gregorian equivalent add thirteen to the Julian day for the years 1900-2100. For example, in the years 1900 2100 the Julian date 1 September takes 14 September (1 + 13=14) as its Gregorian equivalent. The Coptic New Year, listed as 29 August in the Julian calendar, is on 11 September in the Gregorian reckoning and the Coptic celebration of Christmas, which comes on 25 December in the Julian year, falls on 7 January in the Gregorian calendar. For the years 2101-2200, fourteen must be added to the Julian date to give the Gregorian equivalent. Thus, in the twenty-second century, Copts who follow the Gregorian calendar will celebrate the New Year on 12 September and Christmas on 8 January, though from the standpoint of the Coptic and Julian calendars the dates will not have changed. (For other conversions and for more information on the interconnections between the various calendars, see Calendar, Coptic; Calendar, Gregorian; Calendar, Julian.)
Table 1. Coptic Church Calendar (Synaxarion) with Corresponding Julian Dates
MONTH OF TUT (AUGUST-SEPTEMBER)
1 Tut—29 Aug.
Coptic New Year (Nawruz)
Bartholomew the Apostle
Abilius, 3rd patriarch of Alexandria
2—30
Martyrdom of John the Baptist
Dasyah of Tanda martyred
3—31
Holy Synod convened at Alexandria in A.D. 242
4 Tut—1 Sept.
Macarius II, 69th patriarch of Alexandria
5—2
Martyrdom of Saint Sophia
6—3
Isaiah the Prophet
Martyrdom of Bashililiyah (Basilissa)
7—4
Dioscorus I, 25th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Agathon, Peter, John, Amun, Ammunah, and Rifqah, their mother
Severianus, bishop of Jabalah
8—5
Martyrdom of the prophet Zacharias
The prophet Moses
Martyrdom of Dayumdis (Diomede)
9—6
Martyrdom of Pisura the Bishop
10—7
Martyrdom of Saint Matrunah
Commemoration of Basin and her children
11—8
Martyrdom of Saint Wasilidas (Basilidas)
12—9
Holy Synod of Ephesus to try Nestorius (A.D. 431)
Interment of Saint Iqlimus and his company
13—10
Matthew II, 90th patriarch of Alexandria
Miracle of Saint Basil of Caesarea in Cappadocia
14—11
Saint Agathon the Stylite
15—12
Translation of the body of Saint Stephen the Archdeacon
16—13
Dedication of the Church of the Resurrection
Translation of the body of Saint John Chrysostom
17—14
Exaltation of the Holy Cross
Saint Theognosta who introduced Christianity to India [Georgia]
18—15
Martyrdom of Saint Porphyrius (Porphyry)
Commemoration of Stephen the Priest and Nakita (Nicetas) the Martyr
19—16
Commemoration of Gregory the Armenian patriarch
20—17
Athanasius II, 28th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Melitina the Virgin
Theopista the Ascetic Nun
21—18
Commemoration of the Virgin Mary
Martyrdom of Saints Cyprian and Justin
22—19
Martyrdom of Saints Cotylas and Axuwa, children of Shapur, king of Persia, and their friend Tatus
Martyrdom of Julius of Aqfahs, recorder of martyrs' biographies
23—20
Martyrdom of Eunapius and Andrew
Martyrdom of Saint Thecla
Dedication of the Church of the Virgin in Harit al-Rum, after its closure
24—21
Gregory, Pachomian monk
Commemoration of quadratus of the seventy disciples
25—22
Jonah the Prophet
26—23
Annunciation of John the Baptist's birth to his father, Zacharias
27—24
Martyrdom of Eustathius and his wife and two sons
28—25
Martyrdom of Abadir (Apater) and his ster Ira’I (Herai or Erai)
29—26
Martyrdom of Repsima and her sisters, all virgins, by Diocletian
30—27
Athanasius the Apostolic, 20th patriarch of Alexandria
MONTH OF BABAH (SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER)
1 Babah-28 Sept.
Martyrdom of Saint Anastasia
2—29
Advent of Severus, patriarch of Antioch, to Egypt
3—30
Simon II, 51st patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint John the Soldier
4 Babah—1 Oct.
Martyrdom of Wakhus (Bacchus)
5—2
Martyrdom of Paul, patriarch of Constantinople
6—3
Commemoration of Hinnah, mother of Prophet Samuel
7—4
Paul of Tammah, Martyr
8—5
Martyrdom of Saint Matra by Decius
Martyrdom of Apa Hor, Tusya (Susanna) and her children, and Agathon the Hermit
9—6
Eumenius, 7th patriarch of Alexandria
Eclipse of the sun in A.M. 958
Commemoration of Simon the Bishop
10—7
Martyrdom of Saint Sergius, companion of Saint Bacchus (Wakhus)
11—8
Jacob, patriarch of Antioch
Commemoration of Saint Pelagia
12—9
Demetrius II, 12th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Matthew the Evangelist
Commemoration of Archangel Michael
13—10
Commemoration of Saint Zacharias the Monk
14---11
Commemoration of Philip or Philas, one of the seven deacons
15—12
Martyrdom of Pantaleon the Physician
16—13
Agathon, 39th patriarch of Alexandria
Commemoration of Saints Carpus, Papylus, and Peter
17—14
Dioscorus II, 31st patriarch of Alexandria
18—15
Theophilus, 23rd patriarch of Alexandria
19—16
Holy Synod of Antioch against Paul of Samosata
Martyrdom of Saint Theophilus and his wife
20—17
Saint John Colobos
21—18
Commemoration of the Mother of God
Translation of body of Lazarus
Joel the Prophet
Saint Evagrius
22—19
Saint Luke the Evangelist
23—20
Yusab I, 52nd patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Dionysius the Bishop
24—21
Hilarion the Hermit
Martyrdom of Saints Paul, Longinus, and Zena
25—22
Saints Apollo and Abib
Dedication of the Church of Saint Julius of Aqfahs
26—23
Martyrdom of Saint Timon, one of the seventy disciples
Commemoration of the seven martyrs in the mountain of Saint Antony
27—24
Martyrdom of Saint Macarius, bishop of Tkow (Idku)
28—25
Martyrdom of Saints Marcianus and Mercurius
29—26
Martyrdom of Saint Demetrius of Thessalonica
30—27
Dedication of Saint Mark's Church and apparition of his decapitated head
Saint Abraham the Hermit of Minuf
MONTH OF HATUR (OCTOBER-NOVEMBER)
1 Hatur—28 Oct.
Martyrdom of Saints Maximus, Numitius, Victor, and Philip
Commemoration of Saint Cleopas and his companion
2—29
Peter III (Mongus), 27th patriarch of Alexandria
3—30
Saint Cyriacus
Saint Athanasius and his sister Irene
4—31
Martyrdom of Saints John and Jacob, bishops of Persia
Martyrdom of Saints Epimachus and ‘Azaryanus
5 Hatur—1 Nov.
Apparition of Saint Longinus' head
Martyrdom of Saint Timothy and translation of the body of al-Amir Tadrus (Theodorus) of Shotep
6—2
Saint Felix, pope of Rome
Dedication of the Church of Our Lady in Dayr al-Muharraq at Qusqam
7—3
Martyrdom of Saint Georgius of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Naharua
Menas, bishop of Tmuis
Dedication of the Church of Saint Georgius the Cappadocian
8—4
Commemoration of the Four Bodiless Beasts (Rev. 4:6-7)
9—5
Isaac, 41st patriarch of Alexandria
Ecumenical Council of Nicaea (A.D. 325)
10—6
Martyrdom of the fifty virgins and their mother, Sophia
Holy Synod of Rome to decide the dates of Epiphany and the fasts during the papacy of Demetrius I of Alexandria and Victor, pope of Rome
11—7
Saint Hinnah (Anna), mother of Our Lady
Martyrdom of Saint Archelaus and Saint Elijah the Qummus
12—8
Commemoration of Michael the Archangel
13—9
Saint Timothy, bishop of Antinoopolis
Zacharias, 64th patriarch of Alexandria
14—10
Saint Martinus, bishop of Tours
15—11
Martyrdom of Saint Menas the Miracle Maker
16—12
Fast of the Nativity in the Coptic Church
Dedication of the Church of Onophrius (Abu Nofer)
17—13
Saint John Chrysostom
18—14
Martyrdom of Saints Adrusis and Yu’anna (Junia)
Martyrdom of Saint Philip the Apostle
19—15
Dedication of the Church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus
Commemoration of Saint Bartholomew
20—16
Anianus, 2nd patriarch of Alexandria
Dedication of the churches of al-Amir Tadrus ibn Yuhanna of Shotep and al-Amir Tadrus al-Mashriqi
21—17
Commemoration of the Virgin Mary, Mother of God
Saint Gregory the Miracle Maker
Cosmas II, 54th patriarch of Alexandria
Commemoration of Halfa (Alphaeus), Zakka (Zacharias),
Romanus, and John, all martyrs
Saints Thomas, Victor, and Isaac of al-Ashmunayn
22—18
Martyrdom of Saints Cosmas and Damian, their brothers, and their mother
23—19
Cornelius the Centurion
Dedication of the Church of Saint Marina
24—20
Commemoration of the twenty-four elders (Rev 4:4, 10-11)
25—21
Martyrdom of Saint Mercurius (Abu Sayfayn)
26—22
Martyrdom of Valerianus and his brother Tibarcius
Commemoration of Gregory, bishop of Nyssa
27—23
Martyrdom of Saint James Intercisus (Jacob the Sawn)
28—24
Martyrdom of Saint Sarapamon, bishop of Nikiou
29—25
Martyrdom of Saint Peter, 17th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Clement, pope of Rome
30—26
Acacius, patriarch of Constantinople
Martyrdom of Saint Macarius
Dedication of the Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian, their Brother, and their Mother
MONTH OF KIYAHK (NOVEMBER—DECEMBER)
1 Kiyahk-27 Nov
Saint Peter al-Rahawi, bishop of Ghazza
Dedication of Saint Shenute's Church
2—28
Saint Apa Hor the Ascetic
3—29
Commemoration of the entry of the Virgin into the Jerusalem sanctuary
4—30
Martyrdom of Saint Andrew the Apostle, brother of Peter
5 Kiyahk-1 Dec.
Nahum the Prophet
Martyrdom of Victor of Asyut
Martyrdom of Saint Isidore
6—2
Martyrdom of Saint Batlas (Anatole) the Priest
Abraham, 62nd pope of Alexandria
7—3
Matthew the Poor, ascetic
8—4
Heraclas, 13th pope of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saints Barbara and Juliana
Martyrdom of Saints Paese and Thecla
Commemoration of Saint Samuel of Dayr al-Qalamun
9—5
Saint Bimin (Pamin) the Confessor, bloodless martyr
10—6
Translation of the body of Saint Severus, patriarch of Antioch, to the Enaton Monastery west of Alexandria
Saint Nicolas, bishop of Myra, bloodless martyr
11—7
Anba Pidjimi, ascetic in the wilderness of Shihat, from the city of Fishah
12—8
Commemoration of Archangel Michael
Anba Hadra of Aswan
Saint John the Confessor
Council of Rome against Novatus
13—9
Martyrdom of Saint Barsanuphius
Father Abrakiyus (Abracas), ascetic
Dedication of the Church of Saint Misa’il
14—10
Martyrdom of Saints Bahnam and his sister Sarah
Martyrdom of Saint Christodoulus
Martyrdom of Saints Simeon of Minuf, Apa Hor, and Apa
Mena the Elder
Martyrdom of Saint Ammonius, bishop of Isna
15—11
Saint Gregory, patriarch of the Armenians
16—12
Gideon, Old Testament judge of the Israelites
Martyrdom of Saints Harwaj, Ananius, and Khuzi
Dedication of the Church of Saint Jacob the Persian
17—13
Commemoration of Saint Luke the Stylite and translation of his remains
18—14
Translation of the body of Saint Titus to Constantinople
Commemoration of the martyr Heracleas and the priest Philemon
19—15
Saint John, bishop of Parallos, compiler of the Synaxarion
20—16
Haggai the Prophet
21—17
Commemoration of Mary, Mother of God
Martyrdom of Saint Barnabas, one of the seventy elders
22—18
Commemoration of Archangel Gabriel
Anastasius, 36th patriarch of Alexandria
23—19
David the Prophet
Saint Timotheus the Wanderer
24—20
Martyrdom of Saint Ignatius, patriarch of Constantinople
Saint Philogonius, patriarch of Antioch
Birth of Saint Takla Haymanot the Abyssinian
25—21
Saint John Kama (the Black) of Scetis
26—22
Martyrdom of Saint Anastasia
Martyrdom of Saint Juliana
27—23
Martyrdom of Saint Bisada the Bishop
28—24
Martyrdom of 150 men and 24 women from Antinoopolis
29—25
Feast of the Nativity of Our Lord
30—26
Commemoration date of Anba Yu’annis, Hegumenos of Scetis
MONTH OF TUBAH (DECEMBER-JANUARY)
1 Tubah-27 Dec.
Martyrdom of Saint Stephen the Archdeacon
Martyrdom of Saint Leontianus
2—28
Theonas, 16th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Callinicus, bishop of Awsim
3—29
Murder of the Innocents of Bethlehem by King Herod
4—30
Saint John the Evangelist
5—31
Martyrdom of Saint Eusignius, general in Constantine's army
6 Tubah-1 Jan.
Circumcision of Jesus Christ
Commemoration of Elijah the Prophet
Marcianus, 8th patriarch of Alexandria
Saint Basil the Great, bishop of Caesarea
7—2
Sylvester, pope of Rome
8—3
Dedication of the Church of Saint Macarius
Andronicus, 37th patriarch of Alexandria
Benjamin, 38th patriarch of Alexandria
9—4
Saint Abraam, ascetic of Scetis and companion of Anba Jawirjah (George)
10—5
Paramone of the Epiphany (Christ's baptism)
11—6
Theophany (apparition of Our Lord)
Epiphany
12—7
Commemoration of the Archangel Michael
Martyrdom of Saint Theodorus the Oriental
Martyrdom of Saint Anatolius
13—8
Feast of Cana in Galilee
Theophilus the Ascetic
Martyrdom of Saint Dimyanah
14—9
Saint Archellides, ascetic of Saint Romanos Monastery
Saint Maximus, brother of Saint Domitius, both sons of the king of the Romans
15—10
Obadiah the Prophet
16—11
Martyrdom of Saint Philotheus
John IV, 48th patriarch of Alexandria
17—12
Saints Maximus and Domitius, ascetics of Scetis
Anba Yusab, bishop of Jirja, known as al-Abahh
18—13
Saint Jacob, bishop of Nisibis
19—14
Discovery of the remains of Saints Apa Hor and Pisura and their mother, Empira, all martyrs
20—15
Saint Prochorus, one of the seventy elders
Dedication of the Church of Saint John of the Golden Gospel and translation of his remains to it
Martyrdom of Saint Bahna and Anba Kaluj the Presbyter
21—16
Commemoration of Our Lady's death
Saint Hilaria, daughter of Emperor Zeno
Saint Gregory, brother of Basil the Great
22—17
Commemoration of Saint Antony the Great
23—18
Martyrdom of Saint Timotheus the Elder
Cyril IV, 110th patriarch of Alexandria
24—19
Saint Mary, ascetic recluse
Anba Bisadah the Presbyter
25—20
Saint Peter the Ascetic
Saint Ascla (Askirla) the Martyr
26—21
Martyrdom of the 49 saints and elders of Scetis
Saint Anastasia, ascetic of the reign of Justinian
27—22
Martyrdom of Saint Sarapion
Commemoration of the angel Suryal (Suri’il)
Translation of the body of Saint Timotheus the Elder
Martyrdom of Saint Ab Fam (Epiphanius), a soldier
28—23
Martyrdom of Saint Clement
Martyrdom of Saint Ka’u (Kaou) from the town of Bamwayh in the Fayyum
29—24
Commemoration of Saint Aksani (Xene)
Commemoration of Saint Cyriacus
30—25
Martyrdom of Saints Pistis, Helpis, and Agape, virgins, and their mother, Sophia
MONTH OF AMSHIR (JANUARY-FEBRUARY)
1 Amshir-26 Jan.
Ecumenical Council of Constantinople (A.D. 381)
Dedication of the first church built in commemoration of
Saint Peter the "Seal of the Martyrs"
2—27
Saint Paul the Great, first of the wanderer saints
Saint Longinus, abbot of the Enaton (Dayr al-Zujaj)
3—28
Saint Jacob the Ascetic
4—29
Saint Agapius, one of the seventy elders
5—30
Agrippinus, 10th patriarch of Alexandria
Anba Bishoi, abbot of Dayr Akhmim and Anba Abanub (Nob)
Saint Apollo, companion of Anba Abib
Translation of the bodies of the forty-nine elders of the Shihat wilderness
6—31
Apparition of Saint Hippolytus of Rome
Martyrdom of Saint Apa Kir (Cyrus) and Saint John and three virgins—Theodora, Theopista, Theodoxia—and their mother, Athanasia
7 Amshir-1 Feb.
Alexander II, 43rd patriarch of Alexandria
Theodore, 45th patriarch of Alexandria
8—2
Feast of the entry of Jesus Christ into the Temple
9—3
Saint Barsuma, father of the Syrian monks
Martyrdom of Saint Paul the Syrian
10—4
Martyrdom of Jacob the Elder, son of Halfa (Alphaeus)
Martyrdom of Saint Justus, son of Emperor Numerianus
Saint Isidorus of Pelusium (al-Farama)
Martyrdom of Philo, bishop of Persia
11—5
Martyrdom of Fabianus, pope of Rome
12—6
Commemoration of Archangel Michael
Saint Gelasius
13—7
Martyrdom of Saint Sergius of Atrib, his father, and his mother
Timothy III, 32nd patriarch of Alexandria
14—8
Severus, patriarch of Antioch
Jacob, 50th patriarch of Alexandria
15—9
Zechariah the Prophet
Dedication of the first Church of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste
Saint Paphnutius the Ascetic
16—10
Saint Elizabeth, mother of John the Baptist
17—11
Martyrdom of Saint Menas the Ascetic from Akhmim
18—12
Malatius, patriarch of Antioch
19—13
Translation of the body of Saint Martinianus from Athens to Antioch
20—14
Peter II, 21st patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saints Basil, Theodore, and Timothy
21—15
Commemoration of the Virgin Mary
Martyrdom of Saint Onesimus, Saint Paul the Apostle's pupil
Gabriel I, 57th patriarch of Alexandria
Saint Zacharias, bishop of Sakha
22—16
Martyrdom of Maruta, bishop of Mayafirqin
23—17
Martyrdom of Eusebius, son of Basilidas, minister of Diocletian
24—18
Saint Agapitus the Bishop
Martyrdom of Timotheus and Matthias, priests
25—19
Martyrdom of Archippus, Philemon, and Abfiyyah the Virgin Martyrdom of Saints Quna (Conon) of Rome and Menas of Cyprus
26—20
Hosea the Prophet
Martyrdom of Saint Zadok and his 118 companions
27—21
Saint Eustathius, patriarch of Antioch
28—22
Martyrdom of Saint Theodorus the Roman
29—23
Martyrdom of Saint Polycarpus, bishop of Smyrna (A.D. 167)
30—24
Discovery of John the Baptist's head
MONTH OF BARAMHAT (FEBRUARY-MARCH)
1 Baramhat-25 Feb
Saint Narcissus, bishop of Jerusalem (A.D. 222)
Martyrdom of Saint Alexandrus, bishop of Cappadocia
Saint Mercurius the Bishop
2—26
Martyrdom of Saint Makrawi (Macrobius), bishop of Nikiou
3—27
Cosmas III, 58th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Porphyrius (Porphyry)
Anba Hadid the Presbyter
4—28
Holy synod of the Island of Bani ‘Amr for deciding the date of Easter
Martyrdom of Saint Hanulius, prince of Perga
5 Baramhat-1 Mar.
Anba Sarapamon, presbyter of Dayr Abu Yuhannis
Martyrdom of Saint Eudoxia
Saint Peter the Presbyter
6—2
Martyrdom of Saint Dioscorus
Saint Theodotus the Bishop
7—3
Martyrdom of Saints Philemon and Apollonius
Martyrdom of Saint Mary the Israelite
8—4
Martyrdom of Saint Matthias the Elder
Julian, 11th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Arianus, governor of Antinoopolis
9—5
Saint Conon
Martyrdom of Saints Andrianus and Martha, his wife, Eusebius, Armaniyus, and the forty martyrs
10—6
Commemoration of the apparition of the Holy Cross
11—7
Martyrdom of Saint Basilios the Bishop (A.D. 298)
12—8
Commemoration of Archangel Michael
Apparition of Saint Demetrius, 12th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Malachias in Palestine
Martyrdom of Saint Gelasinus in Damascus
13—9
Saint Dionysius, 14th patriarch of Alexandria
Return of Saints Macarius the Great and Macarius Alexandrinus from exile
Martyrdom of the forty martyrs of Sebaste
14—10
Anba Kyrillos (Cyril), 75th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Shenute of Bahnasa
Martyrdom of Saints Eugenius, Agathodorus, and Elpidius
15—11
Saint Sarah the Ascetic
Martyrdom of Saint Helias of Hnes (Ahnas)
16—12
Anba Kha’il, 46th patriarch of Alexandria
17—13
Lazarus, friend of Our Lord
George the Ascetic, Belasius the Martyr, and Anba Yusab the Bishop
Anba Basilios, archbishop of Jerusalem
Martyrdom of Sidhom Bishay in Damietta
18—14
Martyrdom of Isidorus, companion of Sina the Soldier
19—15
Saint Aristobulus the Elder
Martyrdom of the seven saints, Alexandrus, Agapius, and their companions
20—16
Anba Kha’il III, 56th patriarch of Alexandria
Raising of Lazarus from the dead
21—17
Commemoration of Our Lady, the Virgin Mother of God
Commemoration of the advent of Our Lord Jesus Christ to the house of ‘Anya
Consultation of the chief priests for killing Lazarus, whom the Lord raised from the dead
22—18
Saint Cyril, bishop of Jerusalem
Saint Michael, bishop of Naqadah
23—19
Daniel the Prophet
24—20
Apparition of Our Lady at the Church of Zaytun
Anba Macarius, 59th patriarch of Alexandria
25—21
Saint Fresca, one of the seventy disciples (elders)
Matthew IV, 102nd patriarch of Alexandria
26—22
Saint Euphrasia, virgin
Peter VI, 104th patriarch of Alexandria
27—23
Crucifixion of Our Lord Jesus Christ
Saint Macarius the Great
Martyrdom of Saint Domicius
28—24
Emperor Constantine the Great
Peter VII, 109th patriarch of Alexandria
Anba Sarapamon, surnamed Abu Tarhah, bishop of Minufiyyah Province
29—25
The Annunciation
The Resurrection of Our Lord
30—26
Commemoration of Archangel Gabriel
Translation of the body of Saint Jacob the Sawn (James Intercisus)
Samson, judge of the Israelites
MONTH OF BARAMUDAH (MARCH-APRIL)
1 Baramudah—27 Mar.
Silvanus, ascetic of Scetis
Raid of Arabs of Upper Egypt on the wilderness of Shihat (Scetis)
Aaron the Priest, brother of Moses
2—28
Martyrdom of Saint Christophorus
Anba Yu’annis (John IX), 81st patriarch of Alexandria
3—29
Saint John, bishop of Jerusalem
Michael V, 71st patriarch of Alexandria
4—30
Martyrdom of Saints Victor, Decius, Irene the Virgin, and their companions
5—31
Ezekiel the Prophet
Martyrdom of Hibatyus, bishop of Gangra
6 Baramudah—1 Apr.
Apparition of Our Lord to Thomas after His resurrection
Saint Mary the Egyptian
7—2
Joachim, Christ's grandfather
Saint Macrobius
Saints Agapius, Theodora, and Macrobius (Abu Maqrufah)
8—3
Martyrdom of the saintly virgins Agapia, Irene, and Siyunyah
Martyrdom of the 150 believers at the hands of the king of Persia
9—4
Saint Zosimus
Commemoration of the miracle performed by Shenute I, 55th patriarch of Alexandria
10—5
Anba Isaac, disciple of Anba Apollos
Gabriel II, 70th patriarch of Alexandria
11—6
Saint Theodora
Saint John, bishop of Ghazza
12—7
Saint Alexandrus, bishop of Jerusalem
Saint Antuniyus, bishop of Thmuis
13—8
Martyrdom of Saints Yashu‘ and Joseph
Martyrdom of Dayunisyah the Deaconess and Midyus
Anba Yu’annis (John XVII), 105th patriarch of Alexandria
14—9
Maximus, 15th patriarch of Alexandria
15—10
Dedication of the first altar of Saint Nicholas, bishop of Myra, for the Jacobite Christians
Dedication of the Church of Saint Agapius the Disciple
Saint Alexandra the Queen
Mark VI, 101st patriarch of Alexandria
16—11
Martyrdom of Saint Antipas, bishop of Pergamon
17—12
Martyrdom of Saint Jacob the Disciple, brother of Saint John the Evangelist
18—13
Martyrdom of Saint Arsenius, follower of Saint Susinius
19—14
Martyrdom of Saint Simeon the Armenian, bishop of Persia, together with 150 companions
Martyrdom of Saint John (Yuhanna Abu Najah) the Great
Martyrdom of Abu al-‘Ala’ Fahd ibn Ibrahim and his companions
Martyrdom of David the Ascetic
20—15
Martyrdom of Saint Paphnutius of Dandarah
21—16
Commemoration of Our Lady, Mother of God
Saint Protheus the Latin
22—17
Saint Ishaq al-Hurini
Anba Alexandros I, 19th patriarch of Alexandria
Mark II, 49th patriarch of Alexandria
Kha’il II, 53rd patriarch of Alexandria
23—18
Martyrdom of Saint George the Great (A.D. 307)
24—19
Shenute I, 55th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Sina, soldier
25—20
Martyrdom of Saint Sarah and her two sons
Commemoration of Saint Paphnutius the Hermit and Saint Theodorus the Ascetic and 120 Martyrs
26—21
Martyrdom of Saint Susinius
John VII, 77th patriarch of Alexandria
27—22
Martyrdom of Victor, son of Romanus
28—23
Martyrdom of Saint Milius the Ascetic
29—24
Erastus, one of seventy disciples
Saint Acacius, bishop of Jerusalem
30—25
Martyrdom of Saint Mark the Evangelist
MONTH OF BASHANS (APRIL-MAY)
1 Bashans-26 Apr.
Nativity of the Virgin Mary, Mother of God
2—27
Job the Prophet
Saint Tadrus (Theodorus), disciple of Saint Pachomius
Martyrdom of Saint Philotheus
3—28
Saint Jason, one of the seventy elders
Saint Utimus, priest from Fuwwah
Gabriel IV, 86th patriarch of Alexandria
4—29
John I, 29th patriarch of Alexandria
John V, 72nd patriarch of Alexandria
5—30
Martyrdom of Jeremiah the Prophet
6 Bashans—1 May
Martyrdom of Saint Isaac of Difrah
Saint Macarius the Alexandrian
Saint Babnudah (Paphnutius) of al-Bandarah
7—2
Saint Athanasius I the Apostolic, 20th patriarch of Alexandria
8—3
Martyrdom of Saint John of Sanhut
Saint Daniel, qummus of Shihat
9—4
Saint Helena the Queen (A.D. 327)
John XI, 89th patriarch of Alexandria
Gabriel VIII, 97th patriarch of Alexandria
10—5
The Three Youths in the Furnace: Ananias, Azarias, and Misael
11—6
Martyrdom of Saint Theoclia, wife of Saint Justus
Saint Paphnutius the Bishop
12—7
Dedication of the Church of Saint Dimyanah
Translation of the remains of Saint John Chrysostom
Apparition of a cross of light on Golgotha
Mark VII, 106th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Mu‘allim Malati, scribe of the Mamluk Ayyub Bey al-Defterdar in A.M. 1519/A.D. 1811
13—8
Saint Arsenius, mentor of the royal children (A.D. 445)
14—9
Saint Pachomius of Tabennese, father of the cenobitic rule
Martyrdom of Saint Epimachus of Pelusium (al-Farama)
15—10
Martyrdom of Sim‘an al-Ghayyur (Simon Zelotes)
Four hundred martyrs of Dandarah
Saint Mena the Deacon
16—11
Saint John the Evangelist
17—12
Saint Epiphanius, bishop of Cyprus
18—13
Saint George, companion of Saint Abraam
Pentecost (Whitsuntide)
19—14
Saint Isaac, priest of the cells (al-Qalali)
Martyrdom of Saint Isidor of Antioch
20—15
Saint Ammonius the Recluse
21—16
Commemoration of the Virgin Mary
Saint Martinianus (Motianus)
22—17
Saint Andronicus, one of the seventy disciples
23—18
Saint Yunyas (Julius), one of the seventy disciples
Martyrdom of Julian and his mother at Alexandria
24—19
Commemoration of the advent of Christ into Egypt
Habakkuk the Prophet
Martyrdom of Bashnunah, monk of Dayr Anba Maqar
25—20
Martyrdom of Saint Colluthus of Antinoopolis (surnamed Abu Qultah)
Commemoration of Mu‘allim Ibrahim al-Jawhari
26—21
Saint Thomas the Apostle
27—22
John II, 30th patriarch of Alexandria
Lazarus, brother of Mary and bishop of Cyprus
28—23
Translation of the body of Saint Epiphanius to Cyprus (A.D. 403)
29—24
Saint Simeon Stylite
30—25
Michael IV, 68th patriarch of Alexandria
Saint Phorus, one of the seventy disciples
MONTH OF BA’UNAH (MAY-JUNE)
1 Ba’unah-26 May
Dedication of the Church of Saint Leontius the Syrian
Martyrdom of Saint Cosmas of Taha and his companions
Martyrdom of Saint Epiphanius the Soldier
2—27
Finding of the bodies of John the Baptist and the Prophet
Elijah in Alexandria
John XVIII, 107th patriarch of Alexandria
3—28
Dedication of Church of Mar Jirjis at Birma and another at Bir Ma’ in the Oases
Saint Martha the Egyptian
Martyrdom of Saint Alladyus the Bishop
Cosmas I, 44th patriarch of Alexandria
Anba Abraam, bishop of Fayyum (A.D. 1914)
4—29
Martyrdom of Saint Sinusyus
Martyrdom of Saint Ammon and Saint Sophia
Martyrdom of Saint Yuhanna al-Hiraqli (John of Heraclea)
Saint Apa Hor
John VIII, 80th patriarch of Alexandria
5—30
Saint Jacob the Oriental (al-Mashriqi)
Martyrdom of Anba Bishoi and Anba Butrus
Dedication of Saint Victor's Church at Shu
6—31
Martyrdom of Saint Theodorus the Ascetic
7 Ba’unah—1 June
Martyrdom of Saint Abiskhrun the Soldier
8—2
Dedication of the Church of the Virgin at al-Mihmah
Saint Tamada and her children, and Saint Armanus and his mother
Martyrdom of Jirjis al-Jadid (the Isma‘ilite) (A.D. 1387)
9—3
Saint Samuel the Prophet
Martyrdom of Saint Lucilianus and four companions
Translation of the remains of Saint Mercurius to Egypt
10—4
Martyrdom of Saint Dabamon
Closure of the pagan temples and opening of churches
John XVI, 103rd patriarch of Alexandria
Demetrius II, 111th patriarch of Alexandria
11—5
Martyrdom of Saint Claudius
Dedication of the Altar of the Forty Martyrs in the Church of the Resurrection
12—6
Justus, 6th patriarch of Alexandria
Cyril II, 67th patriarch of Alexandria
Commemoration of Archangel Michael
Saint Euphemia
13—7
Saint John, bishop of Jerusalem
Archangel Gabriel and Daniel the Prophet
14—8
John XIX, 113th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saints Apa Kr (Cyrus), John, Ptolemeus, and Philip
15—9
Transfer of the remains of Saint Mark the Apostle (from Italy to Cairo) by Paul VI, pope of Rome
Dedication of the Church of Saint Mena in Mareotis
16—10
Saint Onophrius (Apa Nofer) the Wanderer
17—11
Depositing of the remains of Saint Mark in the new Saint Mark's Cathedral (in Cairo)
Saint Latson of Bahnasa (al-Bahnasawi)
18—12
Dedication of Saint Mark's Cathedral in Dayr Anba Ruways
Damian, 35th patriarch of Alexandria
19—13
Celebration of the first liturgy in the new Saint Mark's Cathedral (June 1968)
Achillas, 18th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint George, known as Jirjis al-Muzauim (A.D. 959)
Martyrdom of Saint Bishay Anub at ‘Ayn Shams (Heliopolis)
20—14
Elijah the Prophet
21—15
Dedication of the first Church of the Virgin Mary in Philippi
Martyrdom of Saint Timotheus the Egyptian
Cerdon, 4th patriarch of Alexandria
22—16
Dedication of the Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian, Their Brothers, and Their Mother in a city of the land of the Arabs
23—17
Saint Apa Nob the Confessor
24—18
Saint Moses the Black
25—19
Martyrdom of Judas, one of the seventy disciples
Peter IV, 34th patriarch of Alexandria
26—20
The Prophet Yashu’ (Joshua) ibn Nun
Dedication of the Church of the Archangel Gabriel
27—21
Martyrdom of Saint Ananias the Disciple
Martyrdom of Saint Tumas (Thomas) al-Shandalati
28—22
Theodosius I, 33rd patriarch of Alexandria
Dedication of the Church of Anba Sarapamon, bishop of Nikiou
29—23
Martyrdom of the seven ascetics on the mountain of Tunah
Martyrdom of Saints Apa Hor, Anba Bishoi (Bishay), and their mother, Diodora (Theodora)
30—24
Nativity of Saint John the Baptist
MONTH OF ABIB (JUNE-JULY)
1 Abib—25 June
Martyrdom of Saint Afrunyah (Febronia) the Ascetic
Saints Biyukhah and Binayin, priests
2—26
Saint Thaddaeus the Disciple
3—27
Cyril I, 24th patriarch of Alexandria
Saint Celestine, pope of Rome
4—28
Translation of the remains of Saints Apa Kir (Cyrus) and Yuhanna (John)
5—29
Martyrdom of the Apostles Peter and Paul
6—30
Martyrdom of Saints Olimpas the Disciple and Theodosia and her companions
7 Abib—1 July
Saint Shenute, Father of the Hermits
Martyrdom of Saint Ignatius, bishop of Antioch, at Rome
8—2
Anba Bishoi the Saint
Martyrdom of Abiruh (Piru) and Atom
Martyrdom of Saint Balana the presbyter
Martyrdom of Anba Bimanun (Epima)
Saint Karas (Cyrus), brother of Emperor Theodosius
9—3
Martyrdom of Saint Simeon (son of) Kluba the Disciple
Celadion, 9th patriarch of Alexandria
10—4
Martyrdom of Saint Theodorus, bishop of the Five Towns
Martyrdom of Saint Theodorus, bishop of Corinthos, and his companions
Gabriel VII, 95th patriarch of Alexandria
11—5
Martyrdom of Saints John and Simeon, his cousin
Saint Isaiah the Hermit
12—6
Commemoration of Archangel Michael Martyrdom of Saint Apa-Hor of Siryaqus
13—7
Saint Pisentius, bishop of Qift
Martyrdom of Saint Abamun of Tukh
Martyrdom of Anba Shinudah, at the beginning of the Arab period
14—8
Martyrdom of Saint Procopius of Jerusalem
Peter V, 83rd patriarch of Alexandria
15—9
Saint Ephraem the Syrian (A.D. 379)
Martyrdom of Saint Cyriacus and Julita, his mother
Martyrdom of Saint Hursiyus (Horsiesios)
16—10
Saint John of the Golden Gospel
Translation of the body of the martyr Saint George to Old Cairo
17—11
Martyrdom of Saint Euphemia
18—12
Martyrdom of Saint Jacob the Apostle, bishop of Jerusalem
19—13
Martyrdom of Saints Bidaba, bishop of Qift, and Anba Andrew and Christodoulus
Martyrdom of Saint Batlan (Pantaleon) the Physican
John X, 85th patriarch of Alexandria
20—14
Martyrdom of Saint Theodorus of Shotep (A.D. 220)
21—15
Saint Susinius the Eunuch
22—16
Martyrdom of Saint Macarius, son of Basilides, minister of Diocletian
Martyrdom of Saint Leontius of Tripoli
23—17
Martyrdom of Saint Longinus the General
Martyrdom of Saint Marina
24—18
Martyrdom of Saint Apa-Nob
Simon I, 42nd patriarch of Alexandria
25—19
Saint Thecla, follower of the Apostle Paul
Martyrdom of Saint Isaac
Martyrdom of Saint Hilaria
Martyrdom of Saints Thecla and Muj
Martyrdom of Saint Antoninus (Andura)
Martyrdom of Saint Aba Krajon
Martyrdom of Saint Domadius the Syrian
Dedication of the Church of Abu Sayfayn
Saint Palamon, Father of the Monks (A.D. 316)
26—20
Saint Joseph the Carpenter
Timothy I, 22nd patriarch of Alexandria
27—21
Dedication of the Church of Epiphanius
Martyrdom of Saint Abamun of Tarnut in Upper Egypt
28—22
Saint Mary Magdalene
29—23
Translation of the remains of Saint Andrew the Apostle
Martyrdom of Saint Barsanuphius
30—24
Martyrdom of Saints Mercurius and Ephraem
MONTH OF MISRA OR MESORE (JULY-AUGUST)
1 Misra—25 July
Martyrdom of Saint Apoli, son of Justus
Cyril V, 112th patriarch of Alexandria
2—26
Commemoration of Saint Ba’issah of Minuf
3—27
Translation of the body of Saint Simeon Stylite to Antioch
Primus, 5th patriarch of Alexandria
4—28
Ezekiel the King
Dedication of the Church of Saint Anthony
5—29
Saint John, the general of Julian the Apostate
6—30
Martyrdom of Saint Julita
7—31
Annunciation of the birth of the Virgin Mary to Saint Joachim
Timothy II, 26th patriarch of Alexandria
8 Misra—1 Aug.
Martyrdom of Saint Lazarus, his wife Salome, and their children
The Apostle Peter's confession that Christ is the Son of God
9—2
Martyrdom of Saint Uri of Shatanuf
10—3
Martyrdom of Saint Bikhibis (Bikabes) of Ashmun Tanah
11—4
Anba Moses, bishop of Awsim
12—5
Commemoration of the archangel Michael
Accession of Constantine the Great
13—6
Transfiguration of Our Lord on Tur Tabur
14—7
Theodosius, 33rd patriarch of Alexandria
15—8
Saint Mary, better known as Marina the Ascetic
16—9
Ascension of the body of Mary the Virgin
Matthew IV, 102nd patriarch of Alexandria
17—10
Martyrdom of Saint Jacob the Soldier
18—11
Alexandros, patriarch of Constantinople
Martyrdom of Saint Eudamon of Armant
19—12
Return of the body of Saint Macarius to his monastery in Shihat
20—13
Martyrdom of the seven youths of Ephesus
21—14
Commemoration of Our Lady, Mother of God
Saint Irene, daughter of King Licinius
22—15
Micah the Prophet
Martyrdom of Saint Hadid of Giza (A.D. 1387)
23—16
Martyrdom of thirty thousand Christians in Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Damian of Antioch
24—17
Saint Thecla Haymanot the Abyssinian
Saint Thomas, bishop of Mar‘ash in Syria
25—18
Saint Bessarion the Great
Macarius III, 114th patriarch of Alexandria
26—19
Martyrdom of Saint Moses and his sister, Sarah
Martyrdom of Saint Agapius the Soldier and his sister, Thecla
27—20
Martyrdom of Saint Benjamin and his sister, Eudoxia
Martyrdom of Saint Mary the Armenian
28—21
Commemoration of the saintly fathers Abraham, Jacob, and Isaac
29—22
Martyrdom of Saint Athanasius the Bishop, and Saints Jerasimus and Theodotus
Advent of the body of Saint John Colobus into the Shihat wilderness
30—23
Malachi the Prophet
INTERCALARY DAYS OF NASI (AUGUST)
1 Nasi—24 Aug.
Saint Eutychius, disciple of Saint John the Evangelist
Martyrdom of Saint Bishoi of Antioch
2—25
Saint Titus, disciple of Saint Paul
3—26
Commemoration of Archangel Raphael
Martyrdom of Saint Andrianus
John XIV, 96th patriarch of Alexandria
4—27
Saint Liberius, bishop of Rome
Anba Bimin (Poemen) the Hermit
5—28
Father Jacob, bishop of Misr
Amos the Prophet
Saint Barsum the Naked
John XV, 99th patriarch of Alexandria
6—29
Thanks be to God the High
LIST OF THE MOVABLE FEASTS
Easter
Holy Thursday
Pentecost
AZIZ S. ATIYA

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(CE:2171b-2190a)
SYNAXARION, COPTO-ARABIC, list of saints used in the Coptic church. [This entry consists of two articles, Editions of the Synaxarion and The List of Saints.]
Editions of the Synaxarion
This book, which has become a liturgical book, is very important for the history of the Coptic church. It appears in two forms: the recension from Lower Egypt, which is the quasi-official book of the Coptic church from Alexandria to Aswan, and the recension from Upper Egypt. Egypt has long preserved this separation into two Egypts, Upper and Lower, and this division was translated into daily life through different usages, and in particular through different religious books.
This book is the result of various endeavors, of which the Synaxarion itself speaks, for it mentions different usages here or there. It poses several questions that we cannot answer with any certainty: Who compiled the Synaxarion, and who was the first to take the initiative? Who made the final revision, and where was it done? It seems evident that the intention was to compile this book for the Coptic church in imitation of the Greek list of saints, and that the author or authors drew their inspiration from that work, for several notices are obviously taken from the Synaxarion called that of Constantinople.
The reader may have recourse to several editions or translations, each of which has its advantages and its disadvantages. Let us take them in chronological order.
The oldest translation (German) is that of the great German Arabist F. Wüstenfeld, who produced the edition with a German translation of part of al-Maqrizi's Khitat, concerning the Coptic church, under the title Macrizi's Geschichte der Copten (Göttingen, 1845). He also translated the Synaxarion (without including the Arabic text), but only the first half-year appeared, under the title Synaxarium, das ist Heiligen-Kalender der coptischen Christen (2 vols., Gotha, 1879). He had prepared the second part of the year, but the manuscript remained in the library in Göttingen. Wüstenfeld translated only a single Arabic manuscript in Gotha, dating from 1826 and representing only the recension from Lower Egypt.
R. Graffin's Patrologia Orientalis published the Synaxarion in several fascicles with a French translation, under the title Le Synaxaire arabe-jacobite (rédaction copte). Begun in 1904, it was completed in 1929, after the death of its author, R. Basset. It represents a great step forward for our knowledge of the history of the Coptic community, but unfortunately the author, well versed in the Arabic language of the Muslims, was completely unaware of the peculiarities of the language of the Christians of Egypt. Also, misinterpretations are not lacking, to the point that the reader may wonder if Basset had employed a ghost writer. In 1905 the Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium collection—at that time in competition—brought out the Synaxarium alexandrinum, with a Latin translation.
While the Patrologia Orientalis edition was based on two manuscripts from the Bibliothèque nationale in Paris, one dated by codicologists to the fourteenth century and the other to the seventeenth (restored in the nineteenth), the Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium edition had the great fault of taking as its base a late manuscript, and relegating to notes the variants of six other manuscripts, including those used by Basset. The latter published two manuscripts—especially for the first half-year— amalgamating them without taking account of the fact that they represented two different recensions—so much so that the finished product is a Synaxarion that never existed! In the Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium Forget was more fortunate, for when he began his edition, he noted that the text of Paris Bibliothèque nationale 4869 gave a different recension. He therefore published it separately (vols. 47-48, pp. 291ff). Unfortunately his translation mingled the two recensions; and it, too, fabricated a hybrid Synaxarion that never existed in the manuscripts. We can at least separate the two recensions, for he indicates in the margin the pages of the Arabic text. If the page is 291 or beyond, the reader who has been warned will know that it is the Sahidic recension. The translation errors are less frequent, and the number of manuscripts used is greater; but here, as in Basset's edition, there was no serious analysis of the manuscripts of the Synaxarion beforehand. In particular, the manuscripts deposited in Egypt had not been consulted.
In 1935-1937 there was an edition at Cairo, without a translation into a European language, made by two qummus (a special rank in the Coptic Church, superior to the simple priest, and a title given also to the abbots of monasteries, deriving from the Greek HEGUMENOS), ‘Abd al-Masih Mikha’il and Armaniyus Habashi Shita al-Birmawi. This was based—according to the preface—on several Egyptian manuscripts, enumerated below, and on the Paris edition. It has the advantage of adding to the manuscripts of the Synaxarion some notices, taken from other sources that are not named, concerning certain recent patriarchs or saints who are not found in the manuscripts of the Synaxarion—for example, saints Dimyanah, Macrobius, Pshoi, and Petrus, whose relics are still the object of a pilgrimage to Sidfa. The authors suppressed what appeared to them worthless or unseemly. Although this edition is precious because it uses manuscripts unknown in Europe, one cannot trust it completely, since its choice remains arbitrary. There is, thus, no totally reliable edition, and each has its advantages and its limitations.
These editions ignore the true calendar indicating which saint is to be celebrated on each day. Such a calendar was found in most of the manuscripts of the Qatamarus. The 1900-1902 edition of the annual Qatamarus, completed later for Lent, Holy Week, and the Pentecostal season (the period between Easter and Pentecost), gives this calendar, indicating by a rubric which saint or which New Testament event is to be commemorated, whereas the Synaxarion offered the faithful all the saints known to the authors. If the development of the printing press caused these printed editions of both the Synaxarion and the Lectionary to become the quasi official editions in use everywhere in Egypt, this diffusion does not put an end to possible contradictions. Through their formation, local usage, which has become that of all Egypt, may retain a saint or event in the Lectionary that is unknown in the Synaxarion and vice versa.
The reader who wishes information about the cult of a saint of the Coptic church therefore must have recourse to several editions, each with its lacunae and its unique information. One must also take account of the fact that some local or ancient saints have not found a place in the Synaxarion or the Lectionary. Some Egyptian saints retained as such by the Greek books, liturgical or historical, are unknown to the Coptic books.
RENÉ-GEORGES COQUIN
The List of Saints
Synaxarion is the Coptic and Greek term for the Latin synaxarium, and is a formal compilation of the lives of the martyrs, saints, and religious heroes of the Coptic church. These biographies are sometimes reduced to a mere citation of each martyr or saint read in the course of the liturgy, after excerpts from the Acts (ABRAXOS) during the morning service on the day of the passion of each. This is usually presented in the form of an encomium or homily for the edification of the congregation.
The development of the martyr cult in the Coptic church dates from the early centuries, when those encomiums were read in both Sahidic and Bohairic (from the beginning of the Middle Ages), and in Arabic (after the ARAB CONQUEST OF EGYPT). In most cases, these biographies were translated into Arabic from Greek and Coptic originals. Furthermore, the current Arabic text includes a limited number of extraneous entries besides these biographies, in which certain notable events are commemorated on given dates, such as the Crucifixion, the feasts and fasts of the church, the apparition of an archangel or the Virgin Mary, the Coptic New Year, the dedication of a historic church, and so on. But the bulk of the work remains dedicated to the saints and martyrs whose cult became embedded in church traditions.
Until the fourteenth century, the lives of these holy men and women were read separately, in independent encomiums, on their passion days. Ultimately they were assembled in a single book, an operation primarily associated with Anba Butrus al-Jamil, bishop of Malij, though others are known to have participated in this task, including Anba Mikha’il, bishop of Atrib, and Anba Yuhanna, bishop of Parallos (Burullus). At later dates, however, names of other holy men appeared in the fourteenth-century Arabic text, such as Anba Abraham, bishop of Fayyum, in modern times. The present recension of the Arabic Synaxarion, approved by the church authority and read throughout the Coptic church, has been compiled from a number of older manuscripts, of which some are directly ascribed to Anba Butrus, bishop of Malij. They are the following:
1. Three manuscripts in the patriarchal library, the oldest of which is dated 1114 A.M./A.D. 1398, which could be contemporary with Anba Butrus.
2. Two copies in the Coptic Museum Library, one of which is dated 1056 A.M./A.D. 1340 and must have been from the time of Anba Butrus. The other is dated 1450 A.M./A.D. 1734 and is supposed to have been rendered into Arabic from an older Ethiopic translation by Christodoulos, the Coptic primate of Ethiopia at the time.
3. Two copies in the Baramus Monastery Library in Wadi al-Natrun: one dated 1360 A.M./A.D. 1644, and the other dated 1496 A.M./A.D. 1780. The second copy is said to have been restored by IBRAHIM AL-JAWHARI.
Other, older, printed editions of the Arabic text are extant. The first publication was started by J. Forget (see above). The text of ‘Abd-al-Masih Mikha’il and Armaniyus Habashi Shita al-Birmawi has been reproduced several times and is still in print. In the following pages, we have reproduced a summary of its contents under each date of the Coptic calendar. It is undoubtedly the most complete formal register of all known names of martyrs and saints to be cited in the church liturgies, and it must remain the primary source of Coptic HAGIOGRAPHY, even though it may occasionally be uncritical and apocryphal. Side by side with the Synaxarion, mention must be made of the DIFNAR or Antiphonarium, consisting of two alternative hymns for each day of the year to commemorate a saint or saints included in the liturgy on that date according to the authority of the Synaxarion.
Inasmuch as the formula to convert Coptic calendar dates into their Gregorian equivalents varies from century to century, the corresponding Julian calendar date, which remains constant through time, is given for each Coptic day in the list below. To convert the Julian date into its Gregorian equivalent add thirteen to the Julian day for the years 1900-2100. For example, in the years 1900 2100 the Julian date 1 September takes 14 September (1 + 13=14) as its Gregorian equivalent. The Coptic New Year, listed as 29 August in the Julian calendar, is on 11 September in the Gregorian reckoning and the Coptic celebration of Christmas, which comes on 25 December in the Julian year, falls on 7 January in the Gregorian calendar. For the years 2101-2200, fourteen must be added to the Julian date to give the Gregorian equivalent. Thus, in the twenty-second century, Copts who follow the Gregorian calendar will celebrate the New Year on 12 September and Christmas on 8 January, though from the standpoint of the Coptic and Julian calendars the dates will not have changed. (For other conversions and for more information on the interconnections between the various calendars, see Calendar, Coptic; Calendar, Gregorian; Calendar, Julian.)
Table 1. Coptic Church Calendar (Synaxarion) with Corresponding Julian Dates
MONTH OF TUT (AUGUST-SEPTEMBER)
1 Tut—29 Aug.
Coptic New Year (Nawruz)
Bartholomew the Apostle
Abilius, 3rd patriarch of Alexandria
2—30
Martyrdom of John the Baptist
Dasyah of Tanda martyred
3—31
Holy Synod convened at Alexandria in A.D. 242
4 Tut—1 Sept.
Macarius II, 69th patriarch of Alexandria
5—2
Martyrdom of Saint Sophia
6—3
Isaiah the Prophet
Martyrdom of Bashililiyah (Basilissa)
7—4
Dioscorus I, 25th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Agathon, Peter, John, Amun, Ammunah, and Rifqah, their mother
Severianus, bishop of Jabalah
8—5
Martyrdom of the prophet Zacharias
The prophet Moses
Martyrdom of Dayumdis (Diomede)
9—6
Martyrdom of Pisura the Bishop
10—7
Martyrdom of Saint Matrunah
Commemoration of Basin and her children
11—8
Martyrdom of Saint Wasilidas (Basilidas)
12—9
Holy Synod of Ephesus to try Nestorius (A.D. 431)
Interment of Saint Iqlimus and his company
13—10
Matthew II, 90th patriarch of Alexandria
Miracle of Saint Basil of Caesarea in Cappadocia
14—11
Saint Agathon the Stylite
15—12
Translation of the body of Saint Stephen the Archdeacon
16—13
Dedication of the Church of the Resurrection
Translation of the body of Saint John Chrysostom
17—14
Exaltation of the Holy Cross
Saint Theognosta who introduced Christianity to India [Georgia]
18—15
Martyrdom of Saint Porphyrius (Porphyry)
Commemoration of Stephen the Priest and Nakita (Nicetas) the Martyr
19—16
Commemoration of Gregory the Armenian patriarch
20—17
Athanasius II, 28th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Melitina the Virgin
Theopista the Ascetic Nun
21—18
Commemoration of the Virgin Mary
Martyrdom of Saints Cyprian and Justin
22—19
Martyrdom of Saints Cotylas and Axuwa, children of Shapur, king of Persia, and their friend Tatus
Martyrdom of Julius of Aqfahs, recorder of martyrs' biographies
23—20
Martyrdom of Eunapius and Andrew
Martyrdom of Saint Thecla
Dedication of the Church of the Virgin in Harit al-Rum, after its closure
24—21
Gregory, Pachomian monk
Commemoration of quadratus of the seventy disciples
25—22
Jonah the Prophet
26—23
Annunciation of John the Baptist's birth to his father, Zacharias
27—24
Martyrdom of Eustathius and his wife and two sons
28—25
Martyrdom of Abadir (Apater) and his ster Ira’I (Herai or Erai)
29—26
Martyrdom of Repsima and her sisters, all virgins, by Diocletian
30—27
Athanasius the Apostolic, 20th patriarch of Alexandria
MONTH OF BABAH (SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER)
1 Babah-28 Sept.
Martyrdom of Saint Anastasia
2—29
Advent of Severus, patriarch of Antioch, to Egypt
3—30
Simon II, 51st patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint John the Soldier
4 Babah—1 Oct.
Martyrdom of Wakhus (Bacchus)
5—2
Martyrdom of Paul, patriarch of Constantinople
6—3
Commemoration of Hinnah, mother of Prophet Samuel
7—4
Paul of Tammah, Martyr
8—5
Martyrdom of Saint Matra by Decius
Martyrdom of Apa Hor, Tusya (Susanna) and her children, and Agathon the Hermit
9—6
Eumenius, 7th patriarch of Alexandria
Eclipse of the sun in A.M. 958
Commemoration of Simon the Bishop
10—7
Martyrdom of Saint Sergius, companion of Saint Bacchus (Wakhus)
11—8
Jacob, patriarch of Antioch
Commemoration of Saint Pelagia
12—9
Demetrius II, 12th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Matthew the Evangelist
Commemoration of Archangel Michael
13—10
Commemoration of Saint Zacharias the Monk
14---11
Commemoration of Philip or Philas, one of the seven deacons
15—12
Martyrdom of Pantaleon the Physician
16—13
Agathon, 39th patriarch of Alexandria
Commemoration of Saints Carpus, Papylus, and Peter
17—14
Dioscorus II, 31st patriarch of Alexandria
18—15
Theophilus, 23rd patriarch of Alexandria
19—16
Holy Synod of Antioch against Paul of Samosata
Martyrdom of Saint Theophilus and his wife
20—17
Saint John Colobos
21—18
Commemoration of the Mother of God
Translation of body of Lazarus
Joel the Prophet
Saint Evagrius
22—19
Saint Luke the Evangelist
23—20
Yusab I, 52nd patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Dionysius the Bishop
24—21
Hilarion the Hermit
Martyrdom of Saints Paul, Longinus, and Zena
25—22
Saints Apollo and Abib
Dedication of the Church of Saint Julius of Aqfahs
26—23
Martyrdom of Saint Timon, one of the seventy disciples
Commemoration of the seven martyrs in the mountain of Saint Antony
27—24
Martyrdom of Saint Macarius, bishop of Tkow (Idku)
28—25
Martyrdom of Saints Marcianus and Mercurius
29—26
Martyrdom of Saint Demetrius of Thessalonica
30—27
Dedication of Saint Mark's Church and apparition of his decapitated head
Saint Abraham the Hermit of Minuf
MONTH OF HATUR (OCTOBER-NOVEMBER)
1 Hatur—28 Oct.
Martyrdom of Saints Maximus, Numitius, Victor, and Philip
Commemoration of Saint Cleopas and his companion
2—29
Peter III (Mongus), 27th patriarch of Alexandria
3—30
Saint Cyriacus
Saint Athanasius and his sister Irene
4—31
Martyrdom of Saints John and Jacob, bishops of Persia
Martyrdom of Saints Epimachus and ‘Azaryanus
5 Hatur—1 Nov.
Apparition of Saint Longinus' head
Martyrdom of Saint Timothy and translation of the body of al-Amir Tadrus (Theodorus) of Shotep
6—2
Saint Felix, pope of Rome
Dedication of the Church of Our Lady in Dayr al-Muharraq at Qusqam
7—3
Martyrdom of Saint Georgius of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Naharua
Menas, bishop of Tmuis
Dedication of the Church of Saint Georgius the Cappadocian
8—4
Commemoration of the Four Bodiless Beasts (Rev. 4:6-7)
9—5
Isaac, 41st patriarch of Alexandria
Ecumenical Council of Nicaea (A.D. 325)
10—6
Martyrdom of the fifty virgins and their mother, Sophia
Holy Synod of Rome to decide the dates of Epiphany and the fasts during the papacy of Demetrius I of Alexandria and Victor, pope of Rome
11—7
Saint Hinnah (Anna), mother of Our Lady
Martyrdom of Saint Archelaus and Saint Elijah the Qummus
12—8
Commemoration of Michael the Archangel
13—9
Saint Timothy, bishop of Antinoopolis
Zacharias, 64th patriarch of Alexandria
14—10
Saint Martinus, bishop of Tours
15—11
Martyrdom of Saint Menas the Miracle Maker
16—12
Fast of the Nativity in the Coptic Church
Dedication of the Church of Onophrius (Abu Nofer)
17—13
Saint John Chrysostom
18—14
Martyrdom of Saints Adrusis and Yu’anna (Junia)
Martyrdom of Saint Philip the Apostle
19—15
Dedication of the Church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus
Commemoration of Saint Bartholomew
20—16
Anianus, 2nd patriarch of Alexandria
Dedication of the churches of al-Amir Tadrus ibn Yuhanna of Shotep and al-Amir Tadrus al-Mashriqi
21—17
Commemoration of the Virgin Mary, Mother of God
Saint Gregory the Miracle Maker
Cosmas II, 54th patriarch of Alexandria
Commemoration of Halfa (Alphaeus), Zakka (Zacharias),
Romanus, and John, all martyrs
Saints Thomas, Victor, and Isaac of al-Ashmunayn
22—18
Martyrdom of Saints Cosmas and Damian, their brothers, and their mother
23—19
Cornelius the Centurion
Dedication of the Church of Saint Marina
24—20
Commemoration of the twenty-four elders (Rev 4:4, 10-11)
25—21
Martyrdom of Saint Mercurius (Abu Sayfayn)
26—22
Martyrdom of Valerianus and his brother Tibarcius
Commemoration of Gregory, bishop of Nyssa
27—23
Martyrdom of Saint James Intercisus (Jacob the Sawn)
28—24
Martyrdom of Saint Sarapamon, bishop of Nikiou
29—25
Martyrdom of Saint Peter, 17th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Clement, pope of Rome
30—26
Acacius, patriarch of Constantinople
Martyrdom of Saint Macarius
Dedication of the Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian, their Brother, and their Mother
MONTH OF KIYAHK (NOVEMBER—DECEMBER)
1 Kiyahk-27 Nov
Saint Peter al-Rahawi, bishop of Ghazza
Dedication of Saint Shenute's Church
2—28
Saint Apa Hor the Ascetic
3—29
Commemoration of the entry of the Virgin into the Jerusalem sanctuary
4—30
Martyrdom of Saint Andrew the Apostle, brother of Peter
5 Kiyahk-1 Dec.
Nahum the Prophet
Martyrdom of Victor of Asyut
Martyrdom of Saint Isidore
6—2
Martyrdom of Saint Batlas (Anatole) the Priest
Abraham, 62nd pope of Alexandria
7—3
Matthew the Poor, ascetic
8—4
Heraclas, 13th pope of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saints Barbara and Juliana
Martyrdom of Saints Paese and Thecla
Commemoration of Saint Samuel of Dayr al-Qalamun
9—5
Saint Bimin (Pamin) the Confessor, bloodless martyr
10—6
Translation of the body of Saint Severus, patriarch of Antioch, to the Enaton Monastery west of Alexandria
Saint Nicolas, bishop of Myra, bloodless martyr
11—7
Anba Pidjimi, ascetic in the wilderness of Shihat, from the city of Fishah
12—8
Commemoration of Archangel Michael
Anba Hadra of Aswan
Saint John the Confessor
Council of Rome against Novatus
13—9
Martyrdom of Saint Barsanuphius
Father Abrakiyus (Abracas), ascetic
Dedication of the Church of Saint Misa’il
14—10
Martyrdom of Saints Bahnam and his sister Sarah
Martyrdom of Saint Christodoulus
Martyrdom of Saints Simeon of Minuf, Apa Hor, and Apa
Mena the Elder
Martyrdom of Saint Ammonius, bishop of Isna
15—11
Saint Gregory, patriarch of the Armenians
16—12
Gideon, Old Testament judge of the Israelites
Martyrdom of Saints Harwaj, Ananius, and Khuzi
Dedication of the Church of Saint Jacob the Persian
17—13
Commemoration of Saint Luke the Stylite and translation of his remains
18—14
Translation of the body of Saint Titus to Constantinople
Commemoration of the martyr Heracleas and the priest Philemon
19—15
Saint John, bishop of Parallos, compiler of the Synaxarion
20—16
Haggai the Prophet
21—17
Commemoration of Mary, Mother of God
Martyrdom of Saint Barnabas, one of the seventy elders
22—18
Commemoration of Archangel Gabriel
Anastasius, 36th patriarch of Alexandria
23—19
David the Prophet
Saint Timotheus the Wanderer
24—20
Martyrdom of Saint Ignatius, patriarch of Constantinople
Saint Philogonius, patriarch of Antioch
Birth of Saint Takla Haymanot the Abyssinian
25—21
Saint John Kama (the Black) of Scetis
26—22
Martyrdom of Saint Anastasia
Martyrdom of Saint Juliana
27—23
Martyrdom of Saint Bisada the Bishop
28—24
Martyrdom of 150 men and 24 women from Antinoopolis
29—25
Feast of the Nativity of Our Lord
30—26
Commemoration date of Anba Yu’annis, Hegumenos of Scetis
MONTH OF TUBAH (DECEMBER-JANUARY)
1 Tubah-27 Dec.
Martyrdom of Saint Stephen the Archdeacon
Martyrdom of Saint Leontianus
2—28
Theonas, 16th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Callinicus, bishop of Awsim
3—29
Murder of the Innocents of Bethlehem by King Herod
4—30
Saint John the Evangelist
5—31
Martyrdom of Saint Eusignius, general in Constantine's army
6 Tubah-1 Jan.
Circumcision of Jesus Christ
Commemoration of Elijah the Prophet
Marcianus, 8th patriarch of Alexandria
Saint Basil the Great, bishop of Caesarea
7—2
Sylvester, pope of Rome
8—3
Dedication of the Church of Saint Macarius
Andronicus, 37th patriarch of Alexandria
Benjamin, 38th patriarch of Alexandria
9—4
Saint Abraam, ascetic of Scetis and companion of Anba Jawirjah (George)
10—5
Paramone of the Epiphany (Christ's baptism)
11—6
Theophany (apparition of Our Lord)
Epiphany
12—7
Commemoration of the Archangel Michael
Martyrdom of Saint Theodorus the Oriental
Martyrdom of Saint Anatolius
13—8
Feast of Cana in Galilee
Theophilus the Ascetic
Martyrdom of Saint Dimyanah
14—9
Saint Archellides, ascetic of Saint Romanos Monastery
Saint Maximus, brother of Saint Domitius, both sons of the king of the Romans
15—10
Obadiah the Prophet
16—11
Martyrdom of Saint Philotheus
John IV, 48th patriarch of Alexandria
17—12
Saints Maximus and Domitius, ascetics of Scetis
Anba Yusab, bishop of Jirja, known as al-Abahh
18—13
Saint Jacob, bishop of Nisibis
19—14
Discovery of the remains of Saints Apa Hor and Pisura and their mother, Empira, all martyrs
20—15
Saint Prochorus, one of the seventy elders
Dedication of the Church of Saint John of the Golden Gospel and translation of his remains to it
Martyrdom of Saint Bahna and Anba Kaluj the Presbyter
21—16
Commemoration of Our Lady's death
Saint Hilaria, daughter of Emperor Zeno
Saint Gregory, brother of Basil the Great
22—17
Commemoration of Saint Antony the Great
23—18
Martyrdom of Saint Timotheus the Elder
Cyril IV, 110th patriarch of Alexandria
24—19
Saint Mary, ascetic recluse
Anba Bisadah the Presbyter
25—20
Saint Peter the Ascetic
Saint Ascla (Askirla) the Martyr
26—21
Martyrdom of the 49 saints and elders of Scetis
Saint Anastasia, ascetic of the reign of Justinian
27—22
Martyrdom of Saint Sarapion
Commemoration of the angel Suryal (Suri’il)
Translation of the body of Saint Timotheus the Elder
Martyrdom of Saint Ab Fam (Epiphanius), a soldier
28—23
Martyrdom of Saint Clement
Martyrdom of Saint Ka’u (Kaou) from the town of Bamwayh in the Fayyum
29—24
Commemoration of Saint Aksani (Xene)
Commemoration of Saint Cyriacus
30—25
Martyrdom of Saints Pistis, Helpis, and Agape, virgins, and their mother, Sophia
MONTH OF AMSHIR (JANUARY-FEBRUARY)
1 Amshir-26 Jan.
Ecumenical Council of Constantinople (A.D. 381)
Dedication of the first church built in commemoration of
Saint Peter the "Seal of the Martyrs"
2—27
Saint Paul the Great, first of the wanderer saints
Saint Longinus, abbot of the Enaton (Dayr al-Zujaj)
3—28
Saint Jacob the Ascetic
4—29
Saint Agapius, one of the seventy elders
5—30
Agrippinus, 10th patriarch of Alexandria
Anba Bishoi, abbot of Dayr Akhmim and Anba Abanub (Nob)
Saint Apollo, companion of Anba Abib
Translation of the bodies of the forty-nine elders of the Shihat wilderness
6—31
Apparition of Saint Hippolytus of Rome
Martyrdom of Saint Apa Kir (Cyrus) and Saint John and three virgins—Theodora, Theopista, Theodoxia—and their mother, Athanasia
7 Amshir-1 Feb.
Alexander II, 43rd patriarch of Alexandria
Theodore, 45th patriarch of Alexandria
8—2
Feast of the entry of Jesus Christ into the Temple
9—3
Saint Barsuma, father of the Syrian monks
Martyrdom of Saint Paul the Syrian
10—4
Martyrdom of Jacob the Elder, son of Halfa (Alphaeus)
Martyrdom of Saint Justus, son of Emperor Numerianus
Saint Isidorus of Pelusium (al-Farama)
Martyrdom of Philo, bishop of Persia
11—5
Martyrdom of Fabianus, pope of Rome
12—6
Commemoration of Archangel Michael
Saint Gelasius
13—7
Martyrdom of Saint Sergius of Atrib, his father, and his mother
Timothy III, 32nd patriarch of Alexandria
14—8
Severus, patriarch of Antioch
Jacob, 50th patriarch of Alexandria
15—9
Zechariah the Prophet
Dedication of the first Church of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste
Saint Paphnutius the Ascetic
16—10
Saint Elizabeth, mother of John the Baptist
17—11
Martyrdom of Saint Menas the Ascetic from Akhmim
18—12
Malatius, patriarch of Antioch
19—13
Translation of the body of Saint Martinianus from Athens to Antioch
20—14
Peter II, 21st patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saints Basil, Theodore, and Timothy
21—15
Commemoration of the Virgin Mary
Martyrdom of Saint Onesimus, Saint Paul the Apostle's pupil
Gabriel I, 57th patriarch of Alexandria
Saint Zacharias, bishop of Sakha
22—16
Martyrdom of Maruta, bishop of Mayafirqin
23—17
Martyrdom of Eusebius, son of Basilidas, minister of Diocletian
24—18
Saint Agapitus the Bishop
Martyrdom of Timotheus and Matthias, priests
25—19
Martyrdom of Archippus, Philemon, and Abfiyyah the Virgin Martyrdom of Saints Quna (Conon) of Rome and Menas of Cyprus
26—20
Hosea the Prophet
Martyrdom of Saint Zadok and his 118 companions
27—21
Saint Eustathius, patriarch of Antioch
28—22
Martyrdom of Saint Theodorus the Roman
29—23
Martyrdom of Saint Polycarpus, bishop of Smyrna (A.D. 167)
30—24
Discovery of John the Baptist's head
MONTH OF BARAMHAT (FEBRUARY-MARCH)
1 Baramhat-25 Feb
Saint Narcissus, bishop of Jerusalem (A.D. 222)
Martyrdom of Saint Alexandrus, bishop of Cappadocia
Saint Mercurius the Bishop
2—26
Martyrdom of Saint Makrawi (Macrobius), bishop of Nikiou
3—27
Cosmas III, 58th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Porphyrius (Porphyry)
Anba Hadid the Presbyter
4—28
Holy synod of the Island of Bani ‘Amr for deciding the date of Easter
Martyrdom of Saint Hanulius, prince of Perga
5 Baramhat-1 Mar.
Anba Sarapamon, presbyter of Dayr Abu Yuhannis
Martyrdom of Saint Eudoxia
Saint Peter the Presbyter
6—2
Martyrdom of Saint Dioscorus
Saint Theodotus the Bishop
7—3
Martyrdom of Saints Philemon and Apollonius
Martyrdom of Saint Mary the Israelite
8—4
Martyrdom of Saint Matthias the Elder
Julian, 11th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Arianus, governor of Antinoopolis
9—5
Saint Conon
Martyrdom of Saints Andrianus and Martha, his wife, Eusebius, Armaniyus, and the forty martyrs
10—6
Commemoration of the apparition of the Holy Cross
11—7
Martyrdom of Saint Basilios the Bishop (A.D. 298)
12—8
Commemoration of Archangel Michael
Apparition of Saint Demetrius, 12th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Malachias in Palestine
Martyrdom of Saint Gelasinus in Damascus
13—9
Saint Dionysius, 14th patriarch of Alexandria
Return of Saints Macarius the Great and Macarius Alexandrinus from exile
Martyrdom of the forty martyrs of Sebaste
14—10
Anba Kyrillos (Cyril), 75th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Shenute of Bahnasa
Martyrdom of Saints Eugenius, Agathodorus, and Elpidius
15—11
Saint Sarah the Ascetic
Martyrdom of Saint Helias of Hnes (Ahnas)
16—12
Anba Kha’il, 46th patriarch of Alexandria
17—13
Lazarus, friend of Our Lord
George the Ascetic, Belasius the Martyr, and Anba Yusab the Bishop
Anba Basilios, archbishop of Jerusalem
Martyrdom of Sidhom Bishay in Damietta
18—14
Martyrdom of Isidorus, companion of Sina the Soldier
19—15
Saint Aristobulus the Elder
Martyrdom of the seven saints, Alexandrus, Agapius, and their companions
20—16
Anba Kha’il III, 56th patriarch of Alexandria
Raising of Lazarus from the dead
21—17
Commemoration of Our Lady, the Virgin Mother of God
Commemoration of the advent of Our Lord Jesus Christ to the house of ‘Anya
Consultation of the chief priests for killing Lazarus, whom the Lord raised from the dead
22—18
Saint Cyril, bishop of Jerusalem
Saint Michael, bishop of Naqadah
23—19
Daniel the Prophet
24—20
Apparition of Our Lady at the Church of Zaytun
Anba Macarius, 59th patriarch of Alexandria
25—21
Saint Fresca, one of the seventy disciples (elders)
Matthew IV, 102nd patriarch of Alexandria
26—22
Saint Euphrasia, virgin
Peter VI, 104th patriarch of Alexandria
27—23
Crucifixion of Our Lord Jesus Christ
Saint Macarius the Great
Martyrdom of Saint Domicius
28—24
Emperor Constantine the Great
Peter VII, 109th patriarch of Alexandria
Anba Sarapamon, surnamed Abu Tarhah, bishop of Minufiyyah Province
29—25
The Annunciation
The Resurrection of Our Lord
30—26
Commemoration of Archangel Gabriel
Translation of the body of Saint Jacob the Sawn (James Intercisus)
Samson, judge of the Israelites
MONTH OF BARAMUDAH (MARCH-APRIL)
1 Baramudah—27 Mar.
Silvanus, ascetic of Scetis
Raid of Arabs of Upper Egypt on the wilderness of Shihat (Scetis)
Aaron the Priest, brother of Moses
2—28
Martyrdom of Saint Christophorus
Anba Yu’annis (John IX), 81st patriarch of Alexandria
3—29
Saint John, bishop of Jerusalem
Michael V, 71st patriarch of Alexandria
4—30
Martyrdom of Saints Victor, Decius, Irene the Virgin, and their companions
5—31
Ezekiel the Prophet
Martyrdom of Hibatyus, bishop of Gangra
6 Baramudah—1 Apr.
Apparition of Our Lord to Thomas after His resurrection
Saint Mary the Egyptian
7—2
Joachim, Christ's grandfather
Saint Macrobius
Saints Agapius, Theodora, and Macrobius (Abu Maqrufah)
8—3
Martyrdom of the saintly virgins Agapia, Irene, and Siyunyah
Martyrdom of the 150 believers at the hands of the king of Persia
9—4
Saint Zosimus
Commemoration of the miracle performed by Shenute I, 55th patriarch of Alexandria
10—5
Anba Isaac, disciple of Anba Apollos
Gabriel II, 70th patriarch of Alexandria
11—6
Saint Theodora
Saint John, bishop of Ghazza
12—7
Saint Alexandrus, bishop of Jerusalem
Saint Antuniyus, bishop of Thmuis
13—8
Martyrdom of Saints Yashu‘ and Joseph
Martyrdom of Dayunisyah the Deaconess and Midyus
Anba Yu’annis (John XVII), 105th patriarch of Alexandria
14—9
Maximus, 15th patriarch of Alexandria
15—10
Dedication of the first altar of Saint Nicholas, bishop of Myra, for the Jacobite Christians
Dedication of the Church of Saint Agapius the Disciple
Saint Alexandra the Queen
Mark VI, 101st patriarch of Alexandria
16—11
Martyrdom of Saint Antipas, bishop of Pergamon
17—12
Martyrdom of Saint Jacob the Disciple, brother of Saint John the Evangelist
18—13
Martyrdom of Saint Arsenius, follower of Saint Susinius
19—14
Martyrdom of Saint Simeon the Armenian, bishop of Persia, together with 150 companions
Martyrdom of Saint John (Yuhanna Abu Najah) the Great
Martyrdom of Abu al-‘Ala’ Fahd ibn Ibrahim and his companions
Martyrdom of David the Ascetic
20—15
Martyrdom of Saint Paphnutius of Dandarah
21—16
Commemoration of Our Lady, Mother of God
Saint Protheus the Latin
22—17
Saint Ishaq al-Hurini
Anba Alexandros I, 19th patriarch of Alexandria
Mark II, 49th patriarch of Alexandria
Kha’il II, 53rd patriarch of Alexandria
23—18
Martyrdom of Saint George the Great (A.D. 307)
24—19
Shenute I, 55th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Sina, soldier
25—20
Martyrdom of Saint Sarah and her two sons
Commemoration of Saint Paphnutius the Hermit and Saint Theodorus the Ascetic and 120 Martyrs
26—21
Martyrdom of Saint Susinius
John VII, 77th patriarch of Alexandria
27—22
Martyrdom of Victor, son of Romanus
28—23
Martyrdom of Saint Milius the Ascetic
29—24
Erastus, one of seventy disciples
Saint Acacius, bishop of Jerusalem
30—25
Martyrdom of Saint Mark the Evangelist
MONTH OF BASHANS (APRIL-MAY)
1 Bashans-26 Apr.
Nativity of the Virgin Mary, Mother of God
2—27
Job the Prophet
Saint Tadrus (Theodorus), disciple of Saint Pachomius
Martyrdom of Saint Philotheus
3—28
Saint Jason, one of the seventy elders
Saint Utimus, priest from Fuwwah
Gabriel IV, 86th patriarch of Alexandria
4—29
John I, 29th patriarch of Alexandria
John V, 72nd patriarch of Alexandria
5—30
Martyrdom of Jeremiah the Prophet
6 Bashans—1 May
Martyrdom of Saint Isaac of Difrah
Saint Macarius the Alexandrian
Saint Babnudah (Paphnutius) of al-Bandarah
7—2
Saint Athanasius I the Apostolic, 20th patriarch of Alexandria
8—3
Martyrdom of Saint John of Sanhut
Saint Daniel, qummus of Shihat
9—4
Saint Helena the Queen (A.D. 327)
John XI, 89th patriarch of Alexandria
Gabriel VIII, 97th patriarch of Alexandria
10—5
The Three Youths in the Furnace: Ananias, Azarias, and Misael
11—6
Martyrdom of Saint Theoclia, wife of Saint Justus
Saint Paphnutius the Bishop
12—7
Dedication of the Church of Saint Dimyanah
Translation of the remains of Saint John Chrysostom
Apparition of a cross of light on Golgotha
Mark VII, 106th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Mu‘allim Malati, scribe of the Mamluk Ayyub Bey al-Defterdar in A.M. 1519/A.D. 1811
13—8
Saint Arsenius, mentor of the royal children (A.D. 445)
14—9
Saint Pachomius of Tabennese, father of the cenobitic rule
Martyrdom of Saint Epimachus of Pelusium (al-Farama)
15—10
Martyrdom of Sim‘an al-Ghayyur (Simon Zelotes)
Four hundred martyrs of Dandarah
Saint Mena the Deacon
16—11
Saint John the Evangelist
17—12
Saint Epiphanius, bishop of Cyprus
18—13
Saint George, companion of Saint Abraam
Pentecost (Whitsuntide)
19—14
Saint Isaac, priest of the cells (al-Qalali)
Martyrdom of Saint Isidor of Antioch
20—15
Saint Ammonius the Recluse
21—16
Commemoration of the Virgin Mary
Saint Martinianus (Motianus)
22—17
Saint Andronicus, one of the seventy disciples
23—18
Saint Yunyas (Julius), one of the seventy disciples
Martyrdom of Julian and his mother at Alexandria
24—19
Commemoration of the advent of Christ into Egypt
Habakkuk the Prophet
Martyrdom of Bashnunah, monk of Dayr Anba Maqar
25—20
Martyrdom of Saint Colluthus of Antinoopolis (surnamed Abu Qultah)
Commemoration of Mu‘allim Ibrahim al-Jawhari
26—21
Saint Thomas the Apostle
27—22
John II, 30th patriarch of Alexandria
Lazarus, brother of Mary and bishop of Cyprus
28—23
Translation of the body of Saint Epiphanius to Cyprus (A.D. 403)
29—24
Saint Simeon Stylite
30—25
Michael IV, 68th patriarch of Alexandria
Saint Phorus, one of the seventy disciples
MONTH OF BA’UNAH (MAY-JUNE)
1 Ba’unah-26 May
Dedication of the Church of Saint Leontius the Syrian
Martyrdom of Saint Cosmas of Taha and his companions
Martyrdom of Saint Epiphanius the Soldier
2—27
Finding of the bodies of John the Baptist and the Prophet
Elijah in Alexandria
John XVIII, 107th patriarch of Alexandria
3—28
Dedication of Church of Mar Jirjis at Birma and another at Bir Ma’ in the Oases
Saint Martha the Egyptian
Martyrdom of Saint Alladyus the Bishop
Cosmas I, 44th patriarch of Alexandria
Anba Abraam, bishop of Fayyum (A.D. 1914)
4—29
Martyrdom of Saint Sinusyus
Martyrdom of Saint Ammon and Saint Sophia
Martyrdom of Saint Yuhanna al-Hiraqli (John of Heraclea)
Saint Apa Hor
John VIII, 80th patriarch of Alexandria
5—30
Saint Jacob the Oriental (al-Mashriqi)
Martyrdom of Anba Bishoi and Anba Butrus
Dedication of Saint Victor's Church at Shu
6—31
Martyrdom of Saint Theodorus the Ascetic
7 Ba’unah—1 June
Martyrdom of Saint Abiskhrun the Soldier
8—2
Dedication of the Church of the Virgin at al-Mihmah
Saint Tamada and her children, and Saint Armanus and his mother
Martyrdom of Jirjis al-Jadid (the Isma‘ilite) (A.D. 1387)
9—3
Saint Samuel the Prophet
Martyrdom of Saint Lucilianus and four companions
Translation of the remains of Saint Mercurius to Egypt
10—4
Martyrdom of Saint Dabamon
Closure of the pagan temples and opening of churches
John XVI, 103rd patriarch of Alexandria
Demetrius II, 111th patriarch of Alexandria
11—5
Martyrdom of Saint Claudius
Dedication of the Altar of the Forty Martyrs in the Church of the Resurrection
12—6
Justus, 6th patriarch of Alexandria
Cyril II, 67th patriarch of Alexandria
Commemoration of Archangel Michael
Saint Euphemia
13—7
Saint John, bishop of Jerusalem
Archangel Gabriel and Daniel the Prophet
14—8
John XIX, 113th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saints Apa Kr (Cyrus), John, Ptolemeus, and Philip
15—9
Transfer of the remains of Saint Mark the Apostle (from Italy to Cairo) by Paul VI, pope of Rome
Dedication of the Church of Saint Mena in Mareotis
16—10
Saint Onophrius (Apa Nofer) the Wanderer
17—11
Depositing of the remains of Saint Mark in the new Saint Mark's Cathedral (in Cairo)
Saint Latson of Bahnasa (al-Bahnasawi)
18—12
Dedication of Saint Mark's Cathedral in Dayr Anba Ruways
Damian, 35th patriarch of Alexandria
19—13
Celebration of the first liturgy in the new Saint Mark's Cathedral (June 1968)
Achillas, 18th patriarch of Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint George, known as Jirjis al-Muzauim (A.D. 959)
Martyrdom of Saint Bishay Anub at ‘Ayn Shams (Heliopolis)
20—14
Elijah the Prophet
21—15
Dedication of the first Church of the Virgin Mary in Philippi
Martyrdom of Saint Timotheus the Egyptian
Cerdon, 4th patriarch of Alexandria
22—16
Dedication of the Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian, Their Brothers, and Their Mother in a city of the land of the Arabs
23—17
Saint Apa Nob the Confessor
24—18
Saint Moses the Black
25—19
Martyrdom of Judas, one of the seventy disciples
Peter IV, 34th patriarch of Alexandria
26—20
The Prophet Yashu’ (Joshua) ibn Nun
Dedication of the Church of the Archangel Gabriel
27—21
Martyrdom of Saint Ananias the Disciple
Martyrdom of Saint Tumas (Thomas) al-Shandalati
28—22
Theodosius I, 33rd patriarch of Alexandria
Dedication of the Church of Anba Sarapamon, bishop of Nikiou
29—23
Martyrdom of the seven ascetics on the mountain of Tunah
Martyrdom of Saints Apa Hor, Anba Bishoi (Bishay), and their mother, Diodora (Theodora)
30—24
Nativity of Saint John the Baptist
MONTH OF ABIB (JUNE-JULY)
1 Abib—25 June
Martyrdom of Saint Afrunyah (Febronia) the Ascetic
Saints Biyukhah and Binayin, priests
2—26
Saint Thaddaeus the Disciple
3—27
Cyril I, 24th patriarch of Alexandria
Saint Celestine, pope of Rome
4—28
Translation of the remains of Saints Apa Kir (Cyrus) and Yuhanna (John)
5—29
Martyrdom of the Apostles Peter and Paul
6—30
Martyrdom of Saints Olimpas the Disciple and Theodosia and her companions
7 Abib—1 July
Saint Shenute, Father of the Hermits
Martyrdom of Saint Ignatius, bishop of Antioch, at Rome
8—2
Anba Bishoi the Saint
Martyrdom of Abiruh (Piru) and Atom
Martyrdom of Saint Balana the presbyter
Martyrdom of Anba Bimanun (Epima)
Saint Karas (Cyrus), brother of Emperor Theodosius
9—3
Martyrdom of Saint Simeon (son of) Kluba the Disciple
Celadion, 9th patriarch of Alexandria
10—4
Martyrdom of Saint Theodorus, bishop of the Five Towns
Martyrdom of Saint Theodorus, bishop of Corinthos, and his companions
Gabriel VII, 95th patriarch of Alexandria
11—5
Martyrdom of Saints John and Simeon, his cousin
Saint Isaiah the Hermit
12—6
Commemoration of Archangel Michael Martyrdom of Saint Apa-Hor of Siryaqus
13—7
Saint Pisentius, bishop of Qift
Martyrdom of Saint Abamun of Tukh
Martyrdom of Anba Shinudah, at the beginning of the Arab period
14—8
Martyrdom of Saint Procopius of Jerusalem
Peter V, 83rd patriarch of Alexandria
15—9
Saint Ephraem the Syrian (A.D. 379)
Martyrdom of Saint Cyriacus and Julita, his mother
Martyrdom of Saint Hursiyus (Horsiesios)
16—10
Saint John of the Golden Gospel
Translation of the body of the martyr Saint George to Old Cairo
17—11
Martyrdom of Saint Euphemia
18—12
Martyrdom of Saint Jacob the Apostle, bishop of Jerusalem
19—13
Martyrdom of Saints Bidaba, bishop of Qift, and Anba Andrew and Christodoulus
Martyrdom of Saint Batlan (Pantaleon) the Physican
John X, 85th patriarch of Alexandria
20—14
Martyrdom of Saint Theodorus of Shotep (A.D. 220)
21—15
Saint Susinius the Eunuch
22—16
Martyrdom of Saint Macarius, son of Basilides, minister of Diocletian
Martyrdom of Saint Leontius of Tripoli
23—17
Martyrdom of Saint Longinus the General
Martyrdom of Saint Marina
24—18
Martyrdom of Saint Apa-Nob
Simon I, 42nd patriarch of Alexandria
25—19
Saint Thecla, follower of the Apostle Paul
Martyrdom of Saint Isaac
Martyrdom of Saint Hilaria
Martyrdom of Saints Thecla and Muj
Martyrdom of Saint Antoninus (Andura)
Martyrdom of Saint Aba Krajon
Martyrdom of Saint Domadius the Syrian
Dedication of the Church of Abu Sayfayn
Saint Palamon, Father of the Monks (A.D. 316)
26—20
Saint Joseph the Carpenter
Timothy I, 22nd patriarch of Alexandria
27—21
Dedication of the Church of Epiphanius
Martyrdom of Saint Abamun of Tarnut in Upper Egypt
28—22
Saint Mary Magdalene
29—23
Translation of the remains of Saint Andrew the Apostle
Martyrdom of Saint Barsanuphius
30—24
Martyrdom of Saints Mercurius and Ephraem
MONTH OF MISRA OR MESORE (JULY-AUGUST)
1 Misra—25 July
Martyrdom of Saint Apoli, son of Justus
Cyril V, 112th patriarch of Alexandria
2—26
Commemoration of Saint Ba’issah of Minuf
3—27
Translation of the body of Saint Simeon Stylite to Antioch
Primus, 5th patriarch of Alexandria
4—28
Ezekiel the King
Dedication of the Church of Saint Anthony
5—29
Saint John, the general of Julian the Apostate
6—30
Martyrdom of Saint Julita
7—31
Annunciation of the birth of the Virgin Mary to Saint Joachim
Timothy II, 26th patriarch of Alexandria
8 Misra—1 Aug.
Martyrdom of Saint Lazarus, his wife Salome, and their children
The Apostle Peter's confession that Christ is the Son of God
9—2
Martyrdom of Saint Uri of Shatanuf
10—3
Martyrdom of Saint Bikhibis (Bikabes) of Ashmun Tanah
11—4
Anba Moses, bishop of Awsim
12—5
Commemoration of the archangel Michael
Accession of Constantine the Great
13—6
Transfiguration of Our Lord on Tur Tabur
14—7
Theodosius, 33rd patriarch of Alexandria
15—8
Saint Mary, better known as Marina the Ascetic
16—9
Ascension of the body of Mary the Virgin
Matthew IV, 102nd patriarch of Alexandria
17—10
Martyrdom of Saint Jacob the Soldier
18—11
Alexandros, patriarch of Constantinople
Martyrdom of Saint Eudamon of Armant
19—12
Return of the body of Saint Macarius to his monastery in Shihat
20—13
Martyrdom of the seven youths of Ephesus
21—14
Commemoration of Our Lady, Mother of God
Saint Irene, daughter of King Licinius
22—15
Micah the Prophet
Martyrdom of Saint Hadid of Giza (A.D. 1387)
23—16
Martyrdom of thirty thousand Christians in Alexandria
Martyrdom of Saint Damian of Antioch
24—17
Saint Thecla Haymanot the Abyssinian
Saint Thomas, bishop of Mar‘ash in Syria
25—18
Saint Bessarion the Great
Macarius III, 114th patriarch of Alexandria
26—19
Martyrdom of Saint Moses and his sister, Sarah
Martyrdom of Saint Agapius the Soldier and his sister, Thecla
27—20
Martyrdom of Saint Benjamin and his sister, Eudoxia
Martyrdom of Saint Mary the Armenian
28—21
Commemoration of the saintly fathers Abraham, Jacob, and Isaac
29—22
Martyrdom of Saint Athanasius the Bishop, and Saints Jerasimus and Theodotus
Advent of the body of Saint John Colobus into the Shihat wilderness
30—23
Malachi the Prophet
INTERCALARY DAYS OF NASI (AUGUST)
1 Nasi—24 Aug.
Saint Eutychius, disciple of Saint John the Evangelist
Martyrdom of Saint Bishoi of Antioch
2—25
Saint Titus, disciple of Saint Paul
3—26
Commemoration of Archangel Raphael
Martyrdom of Saint Andrianus
John XIV, 96th patriarch of Alexandria
4—27
Saint Liberius, bishop of Rome
Anba Bimin (Poemen) the Hermit
5—28
Father Jacob, bishop of Misr
Amos the Prophet
Saint Barsum the Naked
John XV, 99th patriarch of Alexandria
6—29
Thanks be to God the High
LIST OF THE MOVABLE FEASTS
Easter
Holy Thursday
Pentecost
AZIZ S. ATIYA