7.
As global business continues to expand, the
critical element of a successful business
outcome may be the appreciation and respect
for cultural differences. You will need to utilize
your knowledge of cultural diversity and
intercultural communication during your
international travels and overseas assignments.

23.
Why Talk About France?
• The English word “etiquette” comes from
the French word “étiquette” meaning social
etiquette or professional protocol…
• France is the largest Western European
country, thus Americans partake in many
business deals with the French.

24.
French Heritage and Culture
• France is known as a world center for culture.
• The French are very proud of their long
history and of their roles in world affairs.
• The French go to great lengths to protect and
maintain their culture.
• For example, the Académie Française was
established in the 1600’s to be the official
authority of the French language.

25.
French Language
• French is the official language
• If you don’t speak French, it is very
important that you apologize for your lack
of knowledge.
• However, most individuals in business do
speak English.

26.
Communication
• The French appreciate conversation as an art
form.
• They frequently interrupt each other, not to be
rude, but because argument is considered
entertaining.
• They complain that Americans often “lecture”
rather than “converse”.
• As an American, you should be sensitive of
the volume of your voice (don’t be too loud!)
• French eye contact is frequent and intense,
don’t be intimidated!

27.
Appearance
• The French are very conscientious of their
appearance.
• One should dress in well-tailored conservative
attire
• Dark colors or patterned fabrics are preferred.
Bright colors and glitzy jewelry should be
avoided.
• French men do not loosen their ties or take off
their jackets. Such behavior is considered
unprofessional.

28.
Other Important
French Cultural Trends
• Punctuality is treated casually
• French meals are to be enjoyed, not rushed
through. Expect for a lunch or dinner to last
anywhere from two to three hours!
• Handshakes are brief and are accompanied
by distinct eye contact, yet they aren’t as firm
as we’re used to. Always shake upon meeting
and leaving.

29.
Other Important
French Cultural Trends
• Education is very highly valued in
France
• Gift giving as a business meeting is up
to the foreigner’s discretion, however
suggested gifts are books and music,
as they demonstrate interest in
intellectual pursuits.

32.
Behavior
• Greeting
– Men shake hands and
keep eye contact
• Friends will give hugs or
slap each others backs
– Women kiss each other on
the cheeks, starting from
left and alternate
– If a woman wishes to
shake hands with a man,
she must extend her hand
first
– The “OK” symbol is a
RUDE gesture and should
never be used
– To express appreciation,
one may pinch their
earlobe with thumb and
forefinger
– To say good luck, one uses
the gesture “The Fig”

33.
Behavior (cont.)
• Gift Giving
– Gifts are not required at the
first business meeting
– Instead, buy lunch or
dinner
– Never give purple flowers
for they are used
extensively at funerals
– Gifts are opened when
received
• Dining
– Midday is the main time for
a meal unless it is a formal
entertainment
– If it is a dinner invitation,
arrive 30 minutes late
– If it is a large party, arrive 1
hour late
– “Dress to impress”; casual
clothing is considered more
formal in Brazil than in
other countries

34.
Business Etiquette
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Never start into business
discussion before the host
does; meetings begin with
casual chat
One may talk about soccer,
family, or children
Don’t bring up the topics
Argentina, politics, poverty,
religion, or the Rain Forest
Prefer face-to-face meetings
Communication is informal
It is acceptable to interrupt
someone who is speaking
•
•
•
•
•
•
Never rush the relationshipbuilding time
Expect a great time reviewing
details
Use local lawyers and accountants
Business meeting may be
scheduled at last minute but try to
schedule 2-3 weeks in advance
In Sao Paulo and Brasilia, arrive
on time for meetings
In Rio de Janeiro and some other
cities, it is acceptable to arrive a
few minutes late
Don’t appear impatient if kept
waiting

36.
Appearance
• Formal Business
– Men – suit and tie (jacket can be removed in the
summer)
– Women – conservative dresses or pantsuits
• Casual Business
– Men – short-sleeved shirts and long pants (shorts
only when exercising)
– Women – must keep upper arms, chest, back, and
legs covered at all times
• Use of leather products may be offensive

37.
Behavior
• Never touch someone else’s head. The head is
considered the seat of the soul.
• Be careful with your feet. Feet are considered
unclean. Never point your feet at a person. If
your shoes or feet touch another person,
apologize.
• If you receive a wrapped gift, set it aside until
the giver leaves. Gifts are not opened in the
presence of the giver.
• Business lunches are more popular than
dinners. Keep in mind, Hindus do not eat beef
and Muslims do not eat pork.

38.
Communications
• The official languages are English and Hindi.
English is widely used in business, politics and
education.
• Do not thank your hosts at the end of a meal.
"Thank you" is considered a form of payment
and insults your hosts.
• The word "no" is considered particulary harsh in
India. Refusing a request in a more evasive
manner is both common and polite. Never
directly refuse an invitation. Instead, use nonverbal cues and indirect communication to voice
your disagreement.

39.
Indian Working Practices
• Indians appreciate punctuality but may not
reciprocate it. Try to be flexible.
• Make business appointments in the late morning
or early afternoon, ideally between the hours of
11am and 4pm.
• Deadlines should not be rushed! Making
decisions is often a slow and thoughtful process
in Indian culture. Showing impatience is seen as
rude and disrespectful.

40.
Do’s and Don’ts
• Do wait for a female business colleague to
initiate the greeting. Indian men do not generally
shake hands with women out of respect.
• Do use titles whenever possible, such as
“Professor” or “Doctor”. If the person doesn’t
have an official title, use “Mr.”, “Mrs.”, or “Miss”
and their last name.
• Don’t refuse any food or drink offered to you
during business meetings.

42.
Appearance
• It is important to “Dress to Impress”
• Men should wear dark conservative
attire/business suits
• Women should dress conservatively,
minimal accessories and low heels
• No pants, Japanese men find it offensive

43.
Behavior Do’s and Don’ts
•
•
•
•
•
•
Do Avoid the “OK” sign
Don’t point
Don’t blow your nose in public
Don’t pour your own drink
YouTube - Japanese Etiquette 2
Do come to an event fashionably late when
invited
• Don’t touch someone of the opposite sex in
public

44.
Communication
• Customary meeting is a bow
• May receive handshake
• Must complete meishi exchange process
before business meeting can start
• Smiles can express either joy or pleasure, be
careful!
• Allow host to sit in silence if need be
• The Japanese prefer not to use the word “no”