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29 Cards in this Set

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Opportunities for women

-had to work more in partnership with men both on journey and homesteading
-women expected to be able to do the same work as men
-many people who move to the west were looking for more freedom so giving women more freedom came more naturally

Women in the gold rush

-some came w/ husbands: some followed husbands
-other jobs: cooking, cleaning, running boarding houses
-Could earn a lot of money
-women were recruited from the east
-Gamblers, entertaiers, prostitutes

Narcissa Whitman

-Married Morris Whitman so she could go to Oregon as a missionary
-went further west than most white people had gone (she and eliza spaulding were prob first white women to cross rocky mountains)
-walla walla valley- mission where she settled with Cayene Indians and developed 4 schools.
-2 year old daughter drowns
-Indians not as responsive as she had hoped
-Began to help American moving west (cared for and even adopted children of parents who had died on the trail)
-because of Missles outbreak, Indians blamed white settlers for death and she and 12 others were killed

Annie Oakley

-learned to shoot to hunt food for her faily as a child
-She won a shooting match against Frank Bultler, whom she later marred (he became her assissant)
-starred in Buffalo bill's "wild west show"
-train accident left her temporarily paralized but she recovered and contine to perform

Alice Fletcher

-Anthropologist from an upper class Boston family
-Ohmaha Indians (nebraska)
-Adopted an idans, Frances la Flesche an Omancha Indian)
-she was hired by Bureau of Indian Affairs to help survey land for allotments, which she supported
-she also managed the allotments for the Omaha and Nez Pierce

Emmeline Wells

-Converted to Mormonism in her teens after her mother had.
-Became one of the first to enter into a pural marraige (after her husband and child died)
-2nd husband died
-7th wife of Daniel Well, mayor of salt Lake city
-"the women exponent:" newspaper... editor and writer
-Supported women's rights and defended pural marriage
-Women got the right to vote in Utah... Brigham Young thought it would help Mormon cause to have more votes
-Became a leader in ntional suffrage movement
-the us government vote away from women in Utah
-the right to vote was part of new state constituion but pural marriage was not

Hispanics in west 1520-1809

-synthesis of Spanish and Indin cultures
-conversion of many to Catholicism

Hispanics in west 1810-1848

-Southwest Us part of Independent Mexico
-Slow to develop (far from capital- mexico city

Mexican Amrican War

-came after the US annexation of Texas
-rember texas had been part of mexico and won its independence annzed by us and begins process of becoming a state
-mexico does not like this at all
-disputed about where texas ends
-us sends john slidell to mexico city to negotiate boarders to buy new mexico and california (meixco opresident would not even see slidell)
-us presdent Polk orders Gen. Zachary Taylor occupy area between Nueces and Rio Grande
-Mexican troops fires on Taylors troops
-Us congress declares war (polk was going to ask for war anyway)
-Us plan: invade new mexico and california then invade mexico and capture mexico city

Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago

-Us promises to protect rights at mexican american
-us gains new mexico, arizona, utah, nevada, california, part of colorado, and dsputed land in texas
-war reopened the issue of slavery
-wilmon proviso (banniong slavery in any territory which had been part of mexico.. was not bassed)

1849-1910

-Mexican Americans become out numbered by Anglo settlers moving west
-Remember the cattle ranching and cowboy tradition was adopted from the mexican american ranchers

1910-1940

large increase in immigration from mexico (part of larger increases in immigration to US)
-1930's great depression(many returned to mexico to find work
-population remained largely similated (poor, rural, spanish speaking)

1940-present

became more visable as distinct social group (impacted by civil rights movement)
-still have poverty problems (jobs, housing, and education)

Migrant laborers

-after civil war began they worked in texas pickin cotton crops
-by the end of WWI california working on large farms, moving north following harvest cycle, many returned to mexico after each picking season
-During WWII, there were large labor shortages (Mexican farm labor supply program .. bracero program)and officil aggrement to supply labors to farms and farm owners supported this because it meant cheap labor for them
-mexican government benefitted because laborers sent money back to familities in mexico which stimulated mexican economy (us kept trade of labors and there wasnt much illegal immigration)

Cesar Chavez

-born in arizona to a mexican americn family
-lost land during depression
-family became migrant workers
-left school at 15 to work full time
-attended 30 schools
-joined the navy during WWII
-returned to migrant work in california
-1952 became active in community service organization (grassroots association improving lives of hispanic migrant workers)
-Chavez began to work registering voters, helping w/ daily problems and saw the need for union for migrant workers)
-Forms national workers association (joined AFL-CIO)
-strike against major grape growers (national boycott)
-joined with another AFL-CIO group to create the national farm workers organization committee
-competition with rival teamster group
-California passes the labor regulation Act: right of farm workers to join any union UFW in power
-1980's UFW los some power
-1995 chavez died

illegal immigration

-boarder 1950 miles, streches from brownville,tx to tijuana in california
-separte poverty from affluence and opportunity
-possitive and negatives of illegal immigration (or even legal immigration from mexico)
-Employers benefit: workers take lower paying lower level jobs
-help create a united mexican-american culture
-financial strain in public services
-supreme court ruled US must educate children of illegal aliens
-1996 act prohibited illegal immigrants from recieving other types of public assisstance

African Americans
Motivation to move to west

-new start
-opportunity for family
-more freedom
-Escape racist views in the South
-taken into the west as slaves
-learned skills that would help after the civil wa when many moved further west

Black Indians

slaves (or freemen) who married and/or had children with Native Americans

Gold Rush

-some were brought by their masters
-some gained their freedom becasue of the economic opportunites of the gold rush
-free blacks also came to the west to seek their fortune

Buffalo soldiers

-afro americans who after the civil war were sent to fight in the west fought the native americans to keep settlers off reservation land and protect waggon trains
-for all black units were sent (some wer men who had fought in the war and others were emancipated slaves who joined the army)
-earned the respect of both soidiers and the native americans they fought against (who gave them their nick name.. buffalo soldiers)

Post reconstruction migration

-After many former slaves moved west to escape the share cropping systems which had developed in the south they took advantage of the homestead act
-they also wanted to escape the violence in the south
-they worked as cowboys, cooks, miners, railroad workers and fur traders
-many women went west as mail order brides

Lanston city

-founded by Edwin P McCabe
-bought 320 acres to start the town
-named the town after John Mercer Langston

Edwin P. McCabe

-the 1st afterican american congressman in va
-mccabe sent agents into the south to recruit settlers for his town
-used 40 acres to esablish oklahoma colored agricultural and normal university

Tulsa Oklahoma

-greenwood district
-trhiving african american community
-O.W. Garley developer (started the communithy 35 blocks)
-a young african american man was accused of assulting a white woman. this led to a huge race riot. many died and large amount of property was destroyed

Boley Oklahoma

-had 5000 residents
-one of the 13 of the original amrican american towns in oklahoma which still exists today

Nicodemus Kansas

-many settlers were led to kansas by benjamin singleton (recruited 15000-20000 former slaves to kansas)
-Exodus of 1879 many settlers settled in nicodemus
-mccabe also recruited settlers for Nicodemus by charging 5$ for any empty lot in the town (people moved out of the town when the train route was changed)

James Beckwourth

-Born into slavery
-learned to be blacksmith in missouri
-escaped to new orleans
-was a fur trading scout
-married a crow woman and was asked by her tribe to become their cheif
-worked for us army as a scout in the semivole
-helped create the road through the sierra nevada mountains

Mary Fields

-Born into slavery and moved west
-worked for nuns in mountana but lost her job when she got into a gun fight with another employee
-other jobs (us mail, ran a resturant, drove on stagecouach (stage coach mary) ran a laundry

bass reeves

born into slavery
us marshall
worked for 30 years in oklahoma (won 14 shot outs and was never wounded)
good detective who used many disguieses to catch crimnails
-only one crimial escaped him

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