Reflecting the worldwide credit crisis, the big Wall Street investment house Bear Stearns faced bankruptcy in March before being rescued by JP Morgan Chase and an emergency $29 billion loan from the Federal Reserve. (Getty Images/Michael Nagle)

The flood of subprime mortgage defaults roiling the U.S. housing market is also feeding a worldwide credit crisis. Using complex computerized models, lenders have pooled credit instruments of all sorts — mortgages, credit-card debt, corporate and government bonds — for trading in lightly regulated financial markets. The banks, investment funds and other players that trade in these markets say that such "securitization" promotes economic liquidity by spreading and diversifying risk. Critics say the practice actually allows dubious loans to uncreditworthy customers to spread virus-like through worldwide financial markets. Investment banks in the United States and elsewhere are taking billion-dollar losses as they are forced to revalue their holdings. The U.S. Treasury Department has proposed a major overhaul of financial-markets regulation, but the sweeping plan offers little by way of immediate relief. In any event, any proposals for additional regulation will face stiff resistance from the financial community.