In generally used computers one can find that there are four basic computer elements following are the elements.

(1) ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): The ALU is the digital circuit that is able to perform different types of functions, such as Addition, Subtraction, and Multiplication etc.

(2) Control Unit: The control unit is the part of CPU (central processing unit) or other devices that performs the duty to direct its operations, the control unit is just like a finite state machine that has some finite states and the transaction from one state to the other state is called action.

(3) Memory: The memory is another very important element of the computer without memory the computer can't operate in today's modern age it is called the RAM (Random Access Memory) when ever we give some instruction to the computer it passes through RAM to the Processor and the processor processes it and send it back. The main reason behind memory is that it is faster in communication with the processor then the other memory devices such as hard disk etc.

(4) Input/output devices: The input and output devices is another important element for example the processor is the input device and it gives its output to the monitor etc for output. There is another very important point the basic elements are considered as CPU (central Processing Unit), I/O devices, and Memory actually the CPU is the composition of different other elements such as ALU, Control Unit, Registers which is another type of memory.

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It includes the memory that stores data and program instructions;
Keyboard: see details below
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mouse Mouse
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printer
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...INTRODUCTION
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Control Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit
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4-Store
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...MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
FIJI SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE
EXAMINATION
2012
COMPUTER STUDIES
COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, REPUBLIC OF FIJI, 2012.
2.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
FIJI SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION – 2012
EXAMINER’S REPORT
COMPUTER STUDIES
GENERAL COMMENTS
A total of 3302 candidates appeared for the Computer Studies examination compared to 3347 in 2011.
There has been a notable increase in the number of candidates taking the subject in schools.
Candidates often failed to read and understand the questions well and therefore were not able to answer
what was required.
They often lost marks for:
•
•
•
•
failing to follow instructions.
not giving examples when required to.
writing essays in point-form.
lack of understanding and knowledge of programming.
SECTION A
This section was done quite well as most of the candidates scored above 15 marks. This showed that
candidates have understood most of the questions well but a thorough coverage on some topics could have
resulted in better marks.
The table below shows the comments on the performance of the candidates in each question
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Well done
Well done
Well done
Well done
Well done
Poorly done
Well done
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Well done...

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Data is a collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols.
Information is data that is organized, meaningful, and useful. To process data into information, acomputer uses hardware and software.
Hardware is the electric, electronic, and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer.
Software is the series of instructions that tells the hardware how to perform tasks.
Characteristics of Computers
1&gt; Automatic: Requires human intervention to start any task, solve problem but once initiated, it continues the job until its completed.
2&gt; Speed: in terms of microseconds (10 power -6), nanoseconds(10 power -9), and even picoseconds (10 power -12). A powerful computer is capable of performing several billions simple arithmetic operations per second. Limited by hardware and software resources.
3&gt; Accuracy: garbage-in-garbage-out (GIGO). E.g. Human input error, programmer logic error.
4&gt; Diligence: Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness, and lack
of concentration.
5&gt; Versatility: Can perform...