deep site away from nerves and blood vessels, less chance of contamination, easily identified landmarks, preferred site for medications

Deltoid

easily accessible but muscle not well developed, use small amounts, not used in infants or children, potential for injury to radial and ulnar nerves, immunizations for children, recommended site for hepatitis B and rabies injections

What is the rationale for the Z-track method in IM injections

minimizes local skin irritation by sealing the medication in muscle tissue

What is the rationale for intradermal injections

skin testing, injected into the dermis where medication is absorbed slowly

What are the methods a nurse can use to administer medications intravenously

a. as mixtures within large volumes of IV fluids

b. injection of a bolus or small volume of medication

c. piggyback infusion

What are the advantages of the intravenous route of administration

a. fast-acting medications must be delivered quickly

b. constant therapeutic blood levels

What are the disadvantages of IV bolus medications

a. most dangerous method because there is not time to correct errors

b. a bolus may cause direct irritation to the lining of blood vessels

What are the advantages of using volume controlled infusions

a. it reduces risk for rapid-infusion by IV push

b. allows for administration of medications that are stable for a limited time in solution

c. it allows for control of IV fluid intake

Piggyback set

a small (25-250 ml) IV bag connected to short tubing lines that connects to the upper Y port of a primary infusion line

Tandem setup

small (25-100 ml) IV bag connected to a short tubing line to the lower Y port of a primary infusion

battery-operated and allows medications to be given in very small amounts of fluid (5-60 ml)

3 advantages of using intermittent venous access devices

cost-saving, convenience, increased mobility, safety, and comfort for the client

The study of how drugs enter the body, reach their sites of action, are metabolize, and exit from the body is called:

Pharmacokinetics

What statement correctly characterizes drug absorption

Most drugs must enter the systemic circulation to have a therapeutic effect

** absorption refers to the passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration

the onset of drug action is the time it takes for a drug to :

Produce a response

Which is not a parental route of administration,
a. Buccal
b. Intradermal
c. Intramuscular
d. Subcutaneous

Buccal is wrong, this is an oral route

The nurse is preparing an insulin injection in which both regular and NPH will be mixed. Into which vial should the nurse inject air first?
a. the vial of regular insulin
b. the vial of NPH
c. Either vial, as long as modified insulin is drawn up first
d. Neither viral; it is not necessary to put air into vials before withdrawing medication

B-the vial of NPH

**if mixing rapid- or short-acting insulin with intermediate or long-acting insulin, take insulin syringe and aspirate volume of air equivalent to the dose of insulin to be withdrawn from the long-acting insulin first