Between September 15 and Tuesday, October 3, the St Louis Police Department (SLMPD) arrested at least 307 people during the ongoing protests against the ruling, police spokeswoman Schron Jackson told Al Jazeera.

When protesters briefly blocked a highway on Tuesday night, heavily-armed riot police confronted them, according to local media reports.

'I'm going to kill this motherf***er'

Stockley, a white former police officer, was charged with first-degree murder in May 2016 and arrested at his home in Houston, Texas, where he moved in 2013 after he left the St Louis police force.

Stockley insisted that he killed Smith in self-defence.

Dashcam footage recorded during a three-minute chase shows Stockley saying: "I'm going to kill this motherf***er, don't you know it".

St Louis has been the site of massive protests since Stockley was found not guilty [Scott Olson/Getty Images]

The video shows Stockley and his partner as they approached the vehicle. After Stockley yelled into the window, he opened fire and hit Smith five times. He subsequently claimed that he saw the driver holding a gun.

Prosecutors, however, argued that the Stockly had planted the gun in the vehicle after the fatal shooting.

Although Smith's DNA was present on a bag of heroin found in the car, forensic testing of the gun detected only Stockley's DNA on the weapon.

At Stockley's request, his verdict was decided by a judge instead of a jury.

In his decision, St Louis Circuit Judge Timothy Wilson said the prosecutors had failed to prove "every element of murder beyond a reasonable doubt" and did not demonstrate "beyond a reasonable doubt" that Stockley had not killed Smith in self-defence.

'Unlawful and unconstitutional'

A week after the verdict, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Missouri filed a lawsuit against the SLMPD over what it called "unlawful and unconstitutional actions" against demonstrators.

The lawsuit (pdf) accuses officers of indiscriminately using chemical agents, attempting to prevent filming of police actions and violating individuals' rights while kettling the demonstrators into a small area.

Maleeha Ahmad, one of the plaintiffs in the ACLU-Missouri lawsuit, claimed police pepper sprayed her without warning.

Demonstrators have continued to flood the streets since the verdict was delivered on September 15 [Scott Olson/Getty Images]

"If it hadn't been for my fellow peaceful protesters - strangers who came to my aid - I don't know how my eyesight would be today. I would have been left out in the sun, on the ground, with my face burning," Ahmad said in a statement released by the rights group.

At the time, police accused protesters of violence and illegal behaviour during the protests.

Alison Dreith, another plaintiff who says police pepper-sprayed her without reason, said that community members should be able to protest without the fear of "retaliation from law enforcement".

"We should strive to be a place where every citizen feels supported by the communities we call home," Dreith said in the statement.

"This is the vision that drives us into the streets and inspires us to hold our leaders accountable when they betray our values."

'In the heart of America'

Insisting that communities of colour never expected justice in the Stockley case, Reverend Wilson said they have nonetheless struggled to reconcile with the verdict.

"The officer had clearly stated his desire and intent to kill an individual before doing so," he said, "and the officer's DNA was the only one found on the weapon."

Wilson, who has lived in St Louis for the last 17 years, explained that the anger in the streets is amplified by fresh memories of police killing unarmed African Americans in recent years.

In nearby Ferguson, a northern St Louis suburb, a white police officer was never charged for the August 2014 killing of Michael Brown, an African American teenager who was unarmed at the time he was shot dead.

It's important to remember that these pains and aches are happening in the heart of America. St Louis really is a central point for revolution and resistance.

Starsky Wilson, pastor at Saint John's Church

Ferguson subsequently became a focal point for protests against police brutality and a rallying cry for Black Lives Matter, the civil rights movement aimed at ending police violence and dismantling structural racism.

According to the Guardian newspaper's The Counted database, US police killed at least 1,092 people last year.

Nearly a quarter of those killed were African Americans although the group accounts for roughly 12 percent of the total US population.

"It's important to remember that these pains and aches are happening in the heart of America," Wilson said.

"St Louis really is a central point for revolution and resistance. We saw that in 2014, and we see it again now."