Clark County Water Reclamation District (CCWRD) serves the suburban area in and around the city of Las Vegas. The Las Vegas Valley is served by three treatment plants, which all discharge to the Las Vegas Wash. The wash empties into the Las Vegas Bay of Lake Mead. Lake Mead is also the source of drinking water for the Las Vegas Valley. In 1996 USGS reported symptoms of estrogen exposure in carp ...

This study was conducted to examine the genotoxicity and the influence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) contamination when drinking water is exposed to five different disinfection treatments: chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, ozone/chlorine and ozone/chlorine dioxide. Experiments were conducted with water samples of different chemical composition, from three water supply systems in Croatia. ...

High quality water sources for municipal use are dwindling, forcing utilities to seek alternate water sources. Many times, aesthetics are the only problem preventing the use of these alternate water sources for potable purposes. Although typically used as a disinfectant, ozone offers municipal water purveyors the benefits of being the strongest commercially available oxidizing agent (Table 1). ...

Disinfection is the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms. It does not apply to nonpathogenic microorganisms or to pathogens that might be in the spore state (McCarthy and Smith, 1974). Chlorine is the most widely used disinfectant because it is effective at low concentration, is cheap and forms a residual if applied in sufficient dosage. It may be applied as a gas or as a hypochlorite, the ...

Ozone is the ideal agent for treating and disinfecting drinking water. The advantages of ozone and the improvement in the quality of the water after ozonation are evident at the Rostock Drinking Water Works following its modernisation. By specifying the new Advanced Technology from Ozonia, the Rostock Water Supply Company became the first user in Germany of high-tech ozone generation equipment ...

Sidestream Venturi Injection—Basin Nozzle Manifold Contacting System. Montreal, Quebec, Canada The Problem: In 2001, a water quality audit revealed that two of the largest drinking water plants in the City of Montreal were out of compliance with Quebec’s latest water quality rules. In response to the audit, the city upgraded the 1,400 MLD Atwater and the ...

Algae blooms in surface water sources often lead to off-tastes and odors in finished drinking water. Because public confidence in overall drinking water quality is closely related to aesthetic quality, there is increasing interest in solving taste and odor issues. UV-oxidation, the combination of UV and hydrogen peroxide, offers the ability to treat taste and odor (T&O) while simultaneously ...

De Watergroep, a Flemish drinking water utility, aims to optimize the ozonation process at the Kluizen surface waterworks in order to obtain sufficient inactivation of pathogenic micro-organisms while minimizing the formation of bromate. In literature, the inactivation of micro-organisms is described as a first order process in ozone exposure (ozone concentration multiplied by exposure time or ...

Wastewater disinfection by ozone was investigated at pilot and full scale on different wastewater effluents and two types of ozone reactors. It was demonstrated that water quality and, in particular, suspended solids and organic content strongly influence the required ozone dose for a given level of disinfection. The increase in contact time and residual ozone concentration did not improve the ...

The proliferation of bottled beverages worldwide and an increased awareness of consumer health issues have beverage bottlers rethinking how to keep their liquids safe for consumption. One problem they face is the need to deliver a product that is free of bacteria, to provide extended shelf life and product quality. Ozone has quickly become the disinfectant of choice among water bottlers ...

This study was carried out to assess the potential formation of bromoform and bromate in drinking water samples prepared by blending desalinated and brackish ground water when disinfected by chlorination or ozonation methods. The levels of bromoform and bromate were determined under various treatment conditions including blending ratios, disinfectant dosage, temperature, and reaction time. ...

Over the past several decades, much research has been carried out to understand and control the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) of potential human health concern in drinking water. The majority of these studies have taken place in continental climates of North America and Europe, with less work investigating waters in tropical and subtropical climates. This study evaluated the ...

In the central Banat region (Northern Serbia), groundwater is used as a drinking water source. Raw water originates from a 40–80 m and 100–150 m deep layer. It contains a high amount of natural organic matter (DOC = 9.17±0.87 mg C/L) with a trihalomethanes formation potential of 448±88.2 μg/L and a haloacetic acid formation potential of 174±68.9 μg/L. A high amount of arsenic (86.0±3.4 μg/L) is ...

Ozonation plays an essential role in water disinfection to inactivate viruses, bacteria and some parasites (Giardia). Ozone treatment rates to attain disinfection goals also result in oxidation reactions of emerging pollutants. Pharmaceuticals–except Ciprofloxacin–are very reactive to ozone: they are removed as early as the transfer compartment outlet even at an ozone treatment rate ...

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess exposure of four trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform) in drinking waters of Okinawa Island and Samoa. Trihalomethanes compounds were determined in the drinking water samples that were collected from the selected consumption sites and treatment plants of both Okinawa and Samoa in 2003-2004. The ...

Abstract The relatively recent discovery of disinfection by-products has driven the main regulatory organisms to set maximum contaminant levels for certain substances in drinking water. Trihalomethanes can be deemed as the most important group of by-products in chlorinated surface waters. The present work has focused on trihalomethane formation in a full-scale water treatment plant. We studied ...

Introduction The UV disinfection industry has experienced tremendous growth over the last 20 years. The development of new UV technologies over this period has been a perfect example of an industry investing to meet market demand – in this case demand for an effective, low cost, and environmentally friendly disinfection technology. The acceptance of UV disinfection at water plants ...

To guarantee a good water quality at the consumer’s tap, natural organic matter (NOM) should be (partly) removed during drinking water treatment. The objective of this research is to measure the effect of NOM removal by ion exchange on the biological stability of drinking water. Experiments were performed in two lanes of the pilot plant of Weesperkarspel in the Netherlands. The lanes consisted of ...

The quality standards required for purified water in the production of pharmaceuticals have never been stricter, with manufacturers having to conform to an ever increasing number of international standards. Craig Howarth, Managing Director of Hanovia Limited, introduces a number of interesting new developments in UV technology for disinfection and dechlorination. ...

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