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The Central Nervous System [pp116-117] Brain Housed in the skull Housed in the skull Approx. 3 lbs Approx. 3 lbs Mostly comprised of neurons Mostly comprised of neurons Spinal cord Comprised of neurons and Comprised of neurons and supportive tissue supportive tissue Runs from base of brain down Runs from base of brain down center of back center of back Protected by spinal column Protected by spinal column chapter 4

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Pituitary gland [p132] Small endocrine gland which releases hormones and regulates other endocrine glands Small endocrine gland which releases hormones and regulates other endocrine glands Works in conjunction with hypothalamus Works in conjunction with hypothalamus

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The endocrine system [p126] Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream… chapter 4 …Hormones regulate growth, metabolism, sexual development and behavior, and other functions.

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The hippocampus [pp132-133]  Responsible for storage of new information in memory  Compares sensory information with what the brain expects about the world  Enables us to form spatial memories for navigating the environment chapter 4

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The cerebrum [p133] Largest brain structure Largest brain structure In charge of most sensory, motor, and cognitive processes In charge of most sensory, motor, and cognitive processes Divided into two halves, called hemispheres Divided into two halves, called hemispheres chapter 4

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Phineas Gage’s frontal lobe damage [pp134-135] Gage was a railroad construction foreman An 1848 explosion forced a steel tamping rod through his head Others said he was “no longer Gage” Lost his job, worked as a sideshow exhibit chapter 4

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Motor control and the hemispheres Left hemisphere controls right side of body Left hemisphere controls right side of body Right hemisphere controls left side of body Right hemisphere controls left side of body

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What is the object in your left hand? If someone with a split brain is blindfolded and asked what they are holding in their left hand, can they do it? If someone with a split brain is blindfolded and asked what they are holding in their left hand, can they do it?

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Plasticity [p123] The brain’s ability to change and adapt in response to experience The brain’s ability to change and adapt in response to experience Reorganizing or growing new neural connections Reorganizing or growing new neural connections chapter 4

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Your turn Jenny bumps her head and is suddenly unable to see, although the doctor says there is nothing wrong with her eyes? Which part of her brain did Jenny damage? 1. The amygdala 2. The hippocampus 3. The occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex 4. The parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex chapter 4

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Your turn Jenny bumps her head and is suddenly unable to see, although the doctor says there is nothing wrong with her eyes? Which part of her brain did Jenny damage? 1. The amygdala 2. The hippocampus 3. The occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex 4. The parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex chapter 4