American pastor, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement; best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs.

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The limitation of riots, moral questions aside, is that they cannot win and their participants know it. Hence, rioting is not revolutionary but reactionary because it invites defeat. It involves an emotional catharsis, but it must be followed by a sense of futility.