More than 102 million dead trees now litter California’s drought-flayed forests, according to the latest aerial survey, a finding likely to fuel a heated public-lands debate during the incoming Trump administration.

The new number marks an increase of 36 million dead trees since the last Forest Service survey in May.

“That’s a hell of a lot of wood,” Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack said in an interview Friday.

Vilsack, whose department includes the Forest Service, cited the sobering new survey as one more reason to reform the agency’s wildlands firefighting budget. A dramatic increase in forest fires has consumed a growing share of the Forest Service’s overall spending.

The majority of the dead trees are located in 10 counties in the southern and central Sierra Nevada region. The Forest Service also identified increasing mortality in Northern California, including in Siskiyou, Modoc, Plumas and Lassen counties. Millions of additional trees are weakened and expected to die in the coming months and years, according to the Forest Service.

“It clearly increases the risk of what we’re already experiencing, a record-setting fire season in California,” said Vilsack, one of the few Cabinet officers to serve all eight years of the Obama administration.

In Marin, the number of bay laurel trees infected with sudden oak death disease increased 30 percent in Marin in the past year. Infected bay laurels typically spread sudden oak to live oaks.

Matteo Garbelotto, a forest pathologist with the University of California at Berkeley, estimates that between spring 2015 and spring 2016 the percentage of Marin bay laurels infected with sudden oak disease increased from 7.9 percent to 10.2 percent.

Fire staffing

The Forest Service’s fire-related staffing has increased by 118 percent since 1998, while forest management staff fell by 39 percent during the same period, a 2015 study showed. The Forest Service reported spending more than half of its total discretionary budget on firefighting preparedness, suppression, hazardous fuels reduction and related programs last year; this year, Vilsack suggested the firefighting share could consume upwards of 65 percent of the total Forest Service budget.

All told, Forest Service spending exceeds $5.6 billion a year.

Several bills to adjust the federal firefighting budget to better account for wildland fire emergencies have been bouncing around Capitol Hill for years and will have to be replanted in the new Congress that starts in January. Because lawmakers failed to complete the traditional agency appropriations bills this year, the Forest Service’s final budget remains in flux.

The latest dead-tree survey also will almost certainly contribute to other efforts to adjust public-lands management, including on the roughly 20 million acres of National Forest land in California.

Salvage logging

In particular, some Western lawmakers want to speed salvage logging as a way to boost the timber industry and reduce the risk of catastrophic wildfire. In the wake of the 2013 Rim Fire that burned 257,314 acres in Mariposa and Tuolumne counties, for instance, Rep. Tom McClintock, a California Republican, introduced legislation that in its initial form would have shielded Rim Fire-related salvage logging plans from the customary judicial review, environmental study and public comment periods.

The Obama administration opposed McClintock’s initial bill, which passed the Republican-controlled House in a modified form and then stalled in the Senate. Although the GOP majorities in both House and Senate have since narrowed, the incoming Trump administration will be able to support similar efforts.

“I intend to re-introduce my legislation on emergency timber salvage, restoration of forest land, and protection of the Tahoe Basin in January, where I believe it has a much-improved chance of enactment in the upcoming session,” McClintock said in an email Friday.

McClintock added that timber salvage reform will have to happen “or we will lose what remains of our forests.”

Legislation

McClintock and Rep. Doug LaMalfa, a fellow California Republican, have co-sponsored broader bills, as well, that would speed environmental assessments of forest management activities. On Friday, LaMalfa blamed some of the delays in salvage logging to “intimidation by outside groups.”

“Something needs to be done,” LaMalfa said, adding that “I think we’ll be able to see some quick action by the Trump administration.”

In the meantime, Vilsack said he will try to secure additional funds for California’s forests in the few weeks he has remaining in office.

“I’m going to be turning over every rock,” Vilsack said. “The need is phenomenal.”

President-elect Donald Trump has not yet publicly identified his choice to succeed Vilsack as agriculture secretary.