Scientific Research Studies on Ionized Alkaline Water Physiological effects of alkaline ionized water: Effects on metabolites produced by intestinal fermentation
by Takashi Hayakawa, Chicko Tushiya, Hisanori Onoda, Hisayo Ohkouchi, Harul-~to Tsuge
(Gifu University, Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Food Science)
We have found that long-term ingestion of alkaline ionized water (AIW) reduces cecal
fermentation in rats that were given highly fermentable commercial diet (MF: Oriental Yeast Co.,
Ltd.). In this experiment, rats were fed MF and test water (tap water, AIW with pH at 9 and 10)
for about 3 months. Feces were col ected on the 57th day, and the rats were dissected on the
88th day. The amount of ammonium in fresh feces and cecal contents as wel as fecal free-
glucose tended to drop down for the AIW group. In most cases, the amount of free-amino acids
in cecal contents did not differ sign- icantly except for cysteine (decreased in AIW with pH at 10)
and isoleucine (increased in AIW with pH at 10).
Purpose of tests
Alkaline ionized water electrolyzers have been approved for manufacturing in 1965 by the
Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan as medical equipment to produce medical substances.
Alkaline ionized water (AIW) produced by this equipment is known to be effective against
gastrointestinal fermentation, chronic diarrhea, indigestion and hyperchylia as wel as for
control ing gastric acid.*1 This is mainly based on efficacy of the official calcium hydroxide. *2
By giving AIW to rats for a comparatively long time under the condition of extremely high level of
intestinal fermentation, we have demonstrated that AIW intake is effective for inhibition of
intestinal fermentation when its level is high based on some test results where AIW worked
against cecal hypertrophy and for reduction in the amount of short-chain fatty acid that is the
main product of fermentation.*3 We have reported that this is caused by the synergy between
calcium level general y contained in AIW (about 50ppm) and the value of pH, and that frequency
of detecting some anaerobic bacteria tends to be higher in alkaline ionized water groups than
the other, although the bacteria count in the intestine does not have significant difference.
Based on these results, we made a judgment that effect of taking AIW supports part of inhibition
mechanism against abnormal intestinal fermentation, which is one of the claims of efficacy that
have been attributed to alkaline ionized water electrolyzers. *4 On the other hand, under the
dietary condition of low intestinal fermentation, AIW uptake does not seem to inhibit
fermentation that leads us to believe that effect of AIW uptake is characteristic of hyper-
fermentation state. Metabolites produced by intestinal fermentation include indole and skatole in
addition to organic acids such as short-chain fatty acid and lactic acid as wel as toxic
metabolites such as ammonium, phenol and pcresol. We do not know how AIW uptake would
affect the production of these materials. In this experiment, we have tested on ammonium
production as explained in the fol owing sections.
Testing methods
Four-week-old male Wistar/ST Clean rats were purchased from Japan SLC Co., Ltd. and were
divided into 3 groups of 8 each after preliminary breeding. AIW of pH 9 and 10 was produced by
an electrolyzer Mineone ROYAL NDX3 1 OH by Omco Co., Ltd. This model produces AIW by
electrolyzing water with calcium lactate added. On the last day of testing, the rats were
dissected under Nembutal anesthesia to take blood from the heart by a heparin-treated syringe.
As to their organs, the smal intestines, cecum and colon plus rectum were taken out from each
of them. The cecurn was weighed and cleaned with physiological saline after its contents were
removed, and the tissue weight was measured after wiping out moisture. Part of cecal contents
was measured its pH, and the rest was used to assay ammonium concentration. The amount of
ammonium contained in fresh feces and cecal contents was measured by the Nessler method
after col ecting it in the extracted samples using Conway 's micro-diffusion container. Fecal free-
glucose was assayed by the oxygen method after extraction by hot water. Analysis of free
amino acids contained in cecal contents was conducted by the Waters PicoTag amino acid
Test results and analyses
No difference was found in the rats' weight gain, water and feed intake and feeding efficiency,
nor was any particular distinction in appearance identified. The length of the smal intestines and
colon plus rectum tended to decline in AIW groups. PH value of cecal contents was higher and
the amount of fecal free-glucose tended to be lower in AIW groups than the control group. Since
there was no difference in fecal discharge itself, the amount of free-glucose discharged per day
was at a low level. The amount of discharged free-glucose in feces is greater when intestinal
fermentation is more intensive, which indicates that intestinal fermentation is more inhibited in
AIW groups than the control group. Ammonium concentration in cecal contents tends to drop
down in AIW groups (Fig. 1). This trend was most distinctive in case of fresh feces of one of
AIW groups with pH 10 (Fig.2) AIW uptake was found to be inhibitory against ammonium
production. In order to study dynamics of amino acids in large intestines, we examined free
amino acids in the cecal contents to find out that cysteine level is low in AIW groups whereas
isoleucine level is high in one of AIW groups with pH 10, although no significant difference was
Bibliography
1. "Verification of Alkaline Ionized Water" by Life Water Institute, Metamor Publishing Co.,
2. "Official Pharmaceutical Guidelines of Japan , Vol. IT' by Japan Public Documents Association, Hirokawa PublIshin Co. , 1996
3. "Science and Technology of Functional Water" (part) by Takashi Hayakawa, Haruffito Tsuge, edited by Water Scienl cc Institute, 1999, pp.109-116
4. "Tasics and Effective Use of Alkaline Ionized Water" by Takashi Hayakawa, Haruhito Tsuge, edited by Tetsuji Hc kudou, 25th General Assembly of Japan Medical Congress 'Tunctional Water in Medical Treatment", Administratio~ Offices, 1999, pp. 10- 11 Adequate fluid replacement helps maintain hydration and, promotes the health, safety, and optimal physical performance of individuals participating in regular physical activity Med Sci Sports Exercise
American Col ege of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement.
Convertino VA, Armstrong LE, Coyle EF, Mack GW, Sawka MN, Senay LC Jr, Sherman WM.
It is the position of the American Col ege of Sports Medicine that adequate fluid replacement
helps maintain hydration and, therefore, promotes the health, safety, and optimal physical
performance of individuals participating in regular physical activity. This position statement is
based on a comprehensive review and interpretation of scientific literature concerning the
influence of fluid replacement on exercise performance and the risk of thermal injury associated
Based on available evidence, the American Col ege of Sports Medicine makes the fol owing
general recommendations on the amount and composition of fluid that should be ingested in
preparation for, during, and after exercise or athletic competition:
1) It is recommended that individuals consume a nutritional y balanced diet and drink adequate
fluids during the 24-hr period before an event, especial y during the period that includes the
meal prior to exercise, to promote proper hydration before exercise or competition.
2) It is recommended that individuals drink about 500 ml (about 17 ounces) of fluid about 2 h
before exercise to promote adequate hydration and al ow time for excretion of excess ingested
3) During exercise, athletes should start drinking early and at regular intervals in an attempt to
consume fluids at a rate sufficient to replace al the water lost through sweating (i.e., body
weight loss), or consume the maximal amount that can be tolerated.
4) It is recommended that ingested fluids be cooler than ambient temperature [between 15
degrees and 22 degrees C (59 degrees and 72 degrees F])] and flavored to enhance palatability
and promote fluid replacement. Fluids should be readily available and served in containers that
al ow adequate volumes to be ingested with ease and with minimal interruption of exercise.
5) Addition of proper amounts of carbohydrates and/or electrolytes to a fluid replacement
solution is recommended for exercise events of duration greater than 1 h since it does not
significantly impair water delivery to the body and may enhance performance. During exercise
lasting less than 1 h, there is little evidence of physiological or physical performance differences
between consuming a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink and plain water.
6) During intense exercise lasting longer than 1 h, it is recommended that carbohydrates be
ingested at a rate of 30-60 g.h(-1) to maintain oxidation of carbohydrates and delay fatigue. This
rate of carbohydrate intake can be achieved without compromising fluid delivery by drinking
600-1200 ml.h(-1) of solutions containing 4%-8% carbohydrates (g.100 ml(-1)). The
carbohydrates can be sugars (glucose or sucrose) or starch (e.g., maltodextrin).
7) Inclusion of sodium (0.5-0.7 g.1(-1) of water) in the rehydration solution ingested during
exercise lasting longer than 1 h is recommended since it may be advantageous in enhancing
palatability, promoting fluid retention, and possibly preventing hyponatremia in certain
individuals who drink excessive quantities of fluid. There is little physiological basis for the
presence of sodium in n oral rehydration solution for enhancing intestinal water absorption as
long as sodium is sufficiently available from the previous meal.
Electrolyzed-reduced water scavenges active oxygen species and protects DNA from oxidative damage Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
Shirahata S , Kabayama S, Nakano M, Miura T, Kusumoto K, Gotoh M, Hayashi H , Otsubo K,
Institute of Cel ular Regulation Technology, Graduate School of Genetic Resources Technology,
Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan . [email protected]
Active oxygen species or free radicals are considered to cause extensive oxidative damage to
biological macromolecules, which brings about a variety of diseases as wel as aging. The ideal
scavenger for active oxygen should be 'active hydrogen'. 'Active hydrogen' can be produced in
reduced water near the cathode during electrolysis of water. Reduced water exhibits high pH,
low dissolved oxygen (DO), extremely high dissolved molecular hydrogen (DH), and extremely
negative redox potential (RP) values. Strongly electrolyzed-reduced water, as wel as ascorbic
acid, (+)-catechin and tannic acid, completely scavenged O.-2 produced by the hypoxanthine-
xanthine oxidase (HX-XOD) system in sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0).
The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of reduced water is stable at 4 degrees C for over
a month and was not lost even after neutralization, repeated freezing and melting, deflation with
sonication, vigorous mixing, boiling, repeated filtration, or closed autoclaving, but was lost by
opened autoclaving or by closed autoclaving in the presence of tungsten trioxide which
efficiently adsorbs active atomic hydrogen. Water bubbled with hydrogen gas exhibited low DO,
extremely high DH and extremely low RP values, as does reduced water, but it has no SOD-like
activity. These results suggest that the SOD-like activity of reduced water is not due to the
dissolved molecular hydrogen but due to the dissolved atomic hydrogen (active hydrogen).
Although SOD accumulated H2O2 when added to the HX-XOD system, reduced water
decreased the amount of H2O2 produced by XOD. Reduced water, as wel as catalase and
ascorbic acid, could directly scavenge H2O2. Reduced water suppresses single-strand
breakage of DNA b active oxygen species produced by the Cu(II)-catalyzed oxidation of
ascorbic acid in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that reduced water can scavenge not
only O2.- and H2O2, but also 1O2 and .OH.
PMID: 9169001 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The mechanism of the enhanced antioxidant effects against superoxide anion radicals of reduced water produced by electrolysisBiophys Chem. 2004
Hanaoka K, Sun D, Lawrence R, Kamitani Y, Fernandes G.
Bio-REDOX Laboratory Inc. 1187-4, Oaza-Ueda, Ueda-shi, Nagano-ken 386-0001, Japan .
We reported that reduced water produced by electrolysis enhanced the antioxidant effects of
proton donors such as ascorbic acid (AsA) in a previous paper. We also demonstrated that
reduced water produced by electrolysis of 2 mM NaCl solutions did not show antioxidant effects
by itself. We reasoned that the enhancement of antioxidant effects may be due to the increase
of the ionic product of water as solvent. The ionic product of water (pKw) was estimated by
measurements of pH and by a neutralization titration method. As an indicator of oxidative
damage, Reactive Oxygen Species- (ROS) mediated DNA strand breaks were measured by the
conversion of supercoiled phiX-174 RF I double-strand DNA to open and linear forms. Reduced
water had a tendency to suppress single-strand breakage of DNA induced by reactive oxygen
species produced by H2O2/Cu (II) and HQ/Cu (II) systems. The enhancement of superoxide
anion radical dismutation activity can be explained by changes in the ionic product of water in
Comparison of electrolyzed oxidizing water with various antimicrobial interventions to reduce Salmonella species on poultryPoult Science
Fabrizio KA, Sharma RR, Demirci A, Cutter CN.
Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park 16802 , USA
Foodborne pathogens in cel suspensions or attached to surfaces can be reduced by
electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water; however, the use of EO water against pathogens associated
with poultry has not been explored. In this study, acidic EO water [EO-A; pH 2.6, chlorine (CL)
20 to 50 ppm, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of 1,150 mV], basic EO water (EO-B; pH
11.6, ORP of -795 mV), CL, ozonated water (OZ), acetic acid (AA), or trisodium phosphate
(TSP) was applied to broiler carcasses inoculated with Salmonel a Typhimurium (ST) and
submerged (4 C, 45 min), spray-washed (85 psi, 25 C, 15 s), or subjected to multiple
interventions (EO-B spray, immersed in EO-A; AA or TSP spray, immersed in CL). Remaining
bacterial populations were determined and compared at Day 0 and 7 of aerobic, refrigerated
storage. At Day 0, submersion in TSP and AA reduced ST 1.41 log10, whereas EO-A water
reduced ST approximately 0.86 log10. After 7 d of storage, EO-A water, OZ, TSP, and AA
reduced ST, with detection only after selective enrichment.
Spray-washing treatments with any of the compounds did not reduce ST at Day 0. After 7 d of
storage, TSP, AA, and EO-A water reduced ST 2.17, 2.31, and 1.06 log10, respectively. ST was
reduced 2.11 log10 immediately fol owing the multiple interventions, 3.81 log10 after 7 d of
storage. Although effective against ST, TSP and AA are costly and adversely affect the
environment. This study demonstrates that EO water can reduce ST on poultry surfaces
fol owing extended refrigerated storage.
PMID: 12412930 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Inactivation of Escherichia coli (O157:H7) and Listeria monocytogenes on plastic kitchen cutting boards by electrolyzed oxidizing water
Venkitanarayanan KS , Ezeike GO, Hung YC, Doyle MP.
Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut , Storrs 06269 , USA .
One mil iliter of culture containing a five-strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7
(approximately 10(10) CFU) was inoculated on a 100-cm2 area marked on unscarred cutting
boards. Fol owing inoculation, the boards were air-dried under a laminar flow hood for 1 h,
immersed in 2 liters of electrolyzed oxidizing water or sterile deionized water at 23 degrees C or
35 degrees C for 10 or 20 min; 45 degrees C for 5 or 10 min; or 55 degrees C for 5 min. After
each temperature-time combination, the surviving population of the pathogen on cutting boards
Soaking of inoculated cutting boards in electrolyzed oxidizing water reduced E. coli O157:H7
populations by > or = 5.0 log CFU/100 cm2 on cutting boards. However, immersion of cutting
boards in deionized water decreased the pathogen count only by 1.0 to 1.5 log CFU/100 cm2.
Treatment of cutting boards inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes in electrolyzed oxidizing
water at selected temperature-time combinations (23 degrees C for 20 min, 35 degrees C for 10
min, and 45 degrees C for 10 min) substantial y reduced the populations of L. monocytogenes in
comparison to the counts recovered from the boards immersed in deionized water. E. coli
O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes were not detected in electrolyzed oxidizing water after soaking
treatment, whereas the pathogens survived in the deionized water used for soaking the cutting
boards. This study revealed that immersion of kitchen cutting boards in electrolyzed oxidizing
water could be used as an effective method for inactivating foodborne pathogens on smooth,
PMID: 10456736 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The bactericidal effects of electrolyzed oxidizing water on bacterial strains involved in hospital infections
Vorobjeva NV , Vorobjeva LI, Khodjaev EY.
Department of Physiology of Microorganisms, Biology Faculty, Moscow State University, Lenin
Hil s 1/12, Moscow 119992, Russia. [email protected]
The study is designed to investigate bactericidal actions of electrolyzed oxidizing water on
hospital infections. Ten of the most common opportunistic pathogens are used for this study.
Cultures are inoculated in 4.5 mL of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water or 4.5 mL of sterile
deionized water (control), and incubated for 0, 0.5, and 5 min at room temperature. At the
exposure time of 30 s the EO water completely inactivates al of the bacterial strains, with the
exception of vegetative cel s and spores of bacil i which need 5 min to be kil ed. The results
indicate that electrolyzed oxidizing water may be a useful disinfectant for hospital infections, but
its clinical application has stil to be evaluated.
Effect of electrolyzed oxidizing water and hydrocolloid occlusive dressings on excised burn-wounds in ratsChin J Traumatol .
Department of Thoracic Surgery, China - Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130031,
OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) and hydrocol oid
occlusive dressings in the acceleration of epithelialization in excised burn-wounds in rats.
METHODS: Each of the anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (n=28) was subjected to a third-
degree burn that covered approximately 10% of the total body surface area. Rats were assigned
into four groups: Group I (no irrigation), Group II (irrigation with physiologic saline), Group III
(irrigation with EOW) and Group IV (hydrocol oid occlusive dressing after EOW irrigation).
Wounds were observed macroscopical y until complete epithelialization was present, then the
epithelialized wounds were examined microscopical y.
RESULTS: Healing of the burn wounds was the fastest in Group IV treated with hydrocol oid
occlusive dressing together with EOW. Although extensive regenerative epidermis was seen in
each Group, the proliferations of lymphocytes and macrophages associated with dense col agen
deposition were more extensive in Group II, III and IV than in Group I. These findings were
particularly evident in Group III and IV.
CONCLUSIONS: Wound Healing may be accelerated by applying a hydrocol oid occlusive
dressing on burn surfaces after they are cleaned with EOW.
PMID: 12857518 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Use of Ionized water in hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria
Prof. Kuninaka Hironage, Head of Kuninaka Hospital
"Too many fats in the diets, which lead to the deposition of cholesterol on the blood vessels,
which in turn constrict the blood flow, cause most il nesses such as high blood pressure. In
accordance with the theory of Professor Gato of Kyushu University on Vitamin K (because
vitamin K enables the blood calcium to increase) , or the consumption of more antioxidant
water, the effectiveness of the increase in the calcium in high blood pressure is most significant.
The consumption of alkaline antioxidant water for a period of 2 to 3 months, I have observed the
blood pressure slowly drop, due to the water's solvent ability, which dissolves the cholesterol in
Effect of electrolyzed water on wound healing
Yahagi N, Kono M, Kitahara M, Ohmura A, Sumita O, Hashimoto T, Hori K, Ning-Juan C,
Woodson P, Kubota S, Murakami A, Takamoto S.
Department of Anesthesiology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital , Tokyo , Japan .
Electrolyzed water accelerated the healing of ful -thickness cutaneous wounds in rats, but only
anode chamber water (acid pH or neutralized) was effective. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), also
produced by electrolysis, was ineffective, suggesting that these types of electrolyzed water
enhance wound healing by a mechanism unrelated to the wel -known antibacterial action of
HOCl. One possibility is that reactive oxygen species, shown to be electron spin resonance
spectra present in anode chamber water, might trigger early wound healing through fibroblast
PMID: 11121980 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Decoposition of ethylene, a flower-senescence hormone, with electrolyzed anode waterBiosci Biotechnol Biochem.
Department of Research and Development, Hokkaido Electric Power Co., Inc., 2-1 Tsuishikari,
Ebetsu, Hokkaido 067-0033, Japan. [email protected]
Electrolyzed anode water (EAW) markedly extended the vase life of cut carnation flowers.
Therefore, a flower-senescence hormone involving ethylene decomposition by EAW with
potassium chloride as an electrolyte was investigated. Ethylene was added external y to EAW,
and the reaction between ethylen and the available chlorine in EAW was examined. EAW had a
low pH value (2.5), a high concentration of dissolved oxygen, and extremely high redox potential
(19.2 mg/l and 1323 mV, respectively) when available chlorine was at a concentration of about
The addition of ethylene to EAW led to ethylene decomposition, and an equimolar amount of
ethylene chlorohydrine with available chlorine was produced. The ethylene chlorohydrine
production was greatly affected by the pH value (pH 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 were tested), and was
faster in an acidic solution. Ethylene chlorohydrine was not produced after ethylene had been
added to EAW at pH 2.6 when available chlorine was absent, but was produced after potassium
hypochlorite had been added to such EAW. The effect of the pH value of EAW on the vase life
of cut carnations was compatible with the decomposition rate of ethylene in EAW of the same
pH value. These results suggest that the effect of EAW on the vase life of cut carnations was
due to the decomposition of ethylene to ethylene chlorohydrine by chlorine from chlorine
PMID: 12784619 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Allergies and Ionized Water
Prof. Kuninaka Hironaga, Head of Kuninaka Hospital
"Mr. Yamada, the head of Police Research Institute, suffered from severe al ergy. He was
treated repeatedly by skin specialist, but with no success. Then he started consuming
antioxidant water. The al ergy responded very wel and was soon completely cured. No relapse
had occurred, although he had taken al kinds of food. He was most grateful and excited about
As for myself, I had also suffered severe al ergy. Ever since I began to consume antioxidant
water, the al ergy has recovered. Since then, I started a research on the effectiveness of
I discovered that most al ergies are due to acidification of body condition and is also related to
consuming too much meat and sugar. In every al ergy case, the patient's antioxidant minerals
are excessively low which in turn lower the body resistance significantly. The body becomes
overly sensitive and develops al ergy easily. To stabilize the sensitivity, calcium solution in
injected into the vein. Therefore, it is clear that the antioxidant water has ionic calcium, which
The ionic calcium not only enhances the heart, urination, and neutralization of toxins but
controls acidity. It also enhances the digestive system and liver function. This wil promote
natural healing power and hence increase its resistance to al ergy. In some special cases of
il ness, which do not respond to drugs, it is found, it is found to respond wel to antioxidant
Digestive Problems and Ionized Water
Prof. Kogure Keizou, Kogure Clinic of Juntendo Hospital
"The stomach is readily upset both by diseases affecting the stomach and by other general
il nesses. In addition, any nervous tension or anxiety frequently causes gastric upset, vague
symptoms when This information is under some strain.
The important role of antioxidant water in our stomach is to neutralize the secretion and
strengthen it s functions. Usual y, after consuming the antioxidant water for 1 to 3 minutes, the
gastric juice increase to 1½ times. For those suffering from hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria (
low in gastric juice ) the presence of antioxidant water wil stimulate the stomach cel s to secrete
more gastric juice. This in turn enhances digestion and absorption of minerals.
However, on the other hand, those with hyperchlorhydria ( high in gastric juice ), the antioxidant
water neutralizes the excessive gastric juice. Hence, it does not create any adverse reaction.
According to the medical lecturer from Maeba University, the pH of the gastric secretion wil stil
remain normal when antioxidant water is consumed. This proves that the ability of the
antioxidant water is able to neutralize as wel as to stimulate the secretion."
Use of Ionized water for gynecological conditions and treatments
"Ionized alklaine antioxidant water improves body constituents and ensures effective healing to
many il nesses. The uses of antioxidant water in gynecological patients have proved to be very
effective. The main reason for its effectiveness is that this water can neutralize toxins.
When given antioxidant water to pre-eclamptic toxemia cases, the results are most significant.
During my long years of servicing the pre-eclamptic toxemia cases, I found that the women with
pre-eclamptic toxemia who consumed antioxidant water tend to deliver healthier babies with
stronger muscles. A survey report carried out on babies in this group showed intel igence above
Toxin Neutralization with the Use of Electrolysed Water
Prof. Kuwata Keijiroo, Doctor of Medicine
"In my opinion, the wonder of antioxidant water is the ability neutralizes toxins, but it is not a
medicine. The difference is that the medicine can only apply to each and individual case,
whereas the antioxidant water can be consumed general y and its neutralizing power is
something which is very much unexpected. Now, in brief, let me introduce to you a heart
The patient was a 35 years old male suffering from vascular heart disease. For 5 years, his
sickness deteriorated. He was in the Setagays Government Hospital for treatment.
During those 5 years, he had been in and out of the hospital 5 to 6 times. He had undergone
high tech examinations such as angiogram by injecting VINYL via the vein into the heart. He
consulted and sought treatment from many good doctors where later he underwent a major
surgical operation. Upon his discharge from the hospital, he quit his job to convalesce.
However, each time when his il ness relapsed, the attack seemed to be even more severe.
Last year, in August, his relatives were in despair and expected he would not live much longer.
It so happened at that time that the victim's relative came across antioxidant water processor.
His il ness responded wel and he is now on the road to recovery."
In the United States, cardiovascular diseases account for more than one-half of the approximate
2 mil ion deaths occurring each year…. It is estimated that optimal conditioning of drinking water
could reduce this cardiovascular disease mortality rate by as much as 15 percent in the United
States Report of the Safe Drinking Water Committee of the National Academy of Sciences,
Eczema and the Effects of Ionized Water
Prof. Tamura Tatsuji, Keifuku Rehabilitation Center
"Eczema is used to describe several varieties of skin conditions, which have a number of
common features. The exact cause or causes of eczema are not ful y understood. I many
cases, eczema can be attributed by external irritants.
Let me introduce a patient who recovered from skin disease after consuming the antioxidant
water. This patient suffered 10 years of eczema and could not be cured effectively even under
specialist treatment. This patient, who is 70 years of age, is the president of a vehicle spare
parts company. After the war, his lower limbs suffered acute eczema, which later became
chronic. He was repeatedly treated in a specialist skin hospital.
The left limb responded wel to treatment, but not so on the right limb. He suffered severe
itchiness, which, when scratched led to bleeding. During the last 10 years, he was seen and
treated by many doctors. When I first examined him, his lower limb around the joints was
covered with vesicles. Weeping occurred owing to serum exuding from the vesicles.
I advised him to try consuming antioxidant water. He bought a unit and consumed the
antioxidant water religiously and used the acidic water to bathe the affected areas. After 2
weeks of treatment the vesicles dried up. The eczema was completely cleared without any
Diabetes and the Effects of Ionized Water
Prof. Kuwata Keijiroo, Doctor of Medicine
"When I was serving in the Fire Insurance Association, I used to examine many diabetic
patients. Besides treating them with drugs, I provided them with antioxidant water. After drinking
antioxidant water for one month, 15 diabetic patients were selected and sent to Tokyo University
Initial y, the more serious patients were a bit apprehensive about the treatment. When the
antioxidant water was consumed for some time, the sugar in the blood and urine ranged from a
ratio of 300 mg/l to 2 mg / dc. There was a time where the patient had undergone 5 to 6 blood
tests a day and detected to be within normal range. Results also showed that even 1 ½ hour
after meals, the blood sugar and urine ratio was 100 mg/dc: 0 mg/dc. The sugar in the urine has
More Americans than ever before are suffering from diabetes, with the number of new cases
averaging almost 800,000 each year. The disease has steadily increased in the United States
since 1980, and in 1998, 16 mil ion Americans were diagnosed with diabetes (10.3 mil ion
diagnosed; 5.4 mil ion undiagnosed). Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the
United States, and more than 193,000 died from the disease and its related complication in
The greatest increase - 76 percent - occurred in people age 30 to 30. ….
From: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, October 13, 2000 Fact Sheet.
Use of Ionized water in treating Acidosis
Prof. Hatori Tasutaroo, Head of Akajiuiji Blood Centre, Yokohama Hospital , Faitama District
" Due to a higher standard of living, our eating habits have changed. We consume too much
proteins, fats and sugar. The excess fats and carbohydrates are in the body as fats. In the
present lifestyles, Americans are more extravagant on food compared to the Japanese. Due to
this excessive intake obesity is a significant problem. Normal y, one out of five males and one
The degree of "burn-out" in food intake largely depends on the amount on intake of vitamins and
minerals. When excessive intake of proteins, carbohydrates and fats occurs, the requirement for
vitamins and minerals increases. However, there is not much research carried out pertaining to
the importance of vitamins and minerals.
Nowadays, many people suffer from acidification that leads to diabetes, heart diseases, cancer,
live and kidney diseases. If our food intake can be completely burned off, then there is no
deposition of fats. Obviously, there wil be no acidification problem and hence there should not
The antioxidant water contains an abundance of ionic calcium. This ionic calcium helps in the
"burn-off" process. By drinking antioxidant water, it provides sufficient minerals for our body. As
a result, we do not need to watch our diet to stay slim.
Hence, antioxidant water is a savior for those suffering from obesity and many adult diseases,
providing good assistance in enhancing good health."
Reduced Water for the Prevention of Disease
Graduate school of Genetic Resources Technology , Kyushu University ,
6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
It has long been established that reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause many types of damage
to biomolecules and cel ular structures that, in turn result in the development of a variety of
pathologic states such as diabetes, cancer and aging. Reduced water is defined as anti-
oxidative water produced by reduction of water. Electrolyzed reduced water (ERW) has been
demonstrated to be hydrogen-rich water and can scavenge ROS in vitro (Shirahata et al., 1997).
The reduction of proton in water to active hydrogen (atomic hydrogen, hydrogen radical) that
can scavenge ROS is very easily caused by a weak current, compared to oxidation of hydroxyl
ion to oxygen molecule. Activation of water by magnetic field, col ision, minerals etc. wil also
produce reduced water containing active hydrogen and/or hydrogen molecule. Several natural
waters such as Hita Tenryosui water drawn from deep underground in Hita city in Japan,
Nordenau water in Germany and Tlacote water in Mexico are known to al eviate various
We have developed a sensitive method by which we can detect active hydrogen existing in
reduced water, and have demonstrated that not only ERW but also natural reduced waters
described above contain active hydrogen and scavenge ROS in cultured cel s. ROS is known to
cause reduction of glucose uptake by inhibiting the insulin-signaling pathway in cultured cel s.
Reduced water scavenged intracel ular ROS and stimulated glucose uptake in the presence or
absence of insulin in both rat L6 skeletal muscle cel s and mouse 3T3/L1 adipocytes. This
insulin-like activity of reduced water was inhibited by wortmannin that is specific inhibitor of PI-3
kinase, a key molecule in insulin signaling pathways. Reduced water protected insulin-
responsive cel s from sugar toxicity and improved the damaged sugar tolerance of type 2
diabetes model mice, suggesting that reduced water may improve insulin-independent diabetes
mel itus. Cancer cel s are general y exposed to high oxidative stress. Reduced water cause
impaired tumor phenotypes of human cancer cel s, such as reduced growth rate, morphological
changes, reduced colony formation ability in soft agar, passage number-dependent telomere
shortening, reduced binding abilities of telomere binding proteins and suppressed metastasis.
Reduced water suppressed the growth of cancer cel s transplanted into mice, demonstrating
their anti-cancer effects in vivo. Reduced water wil be applicable to not only medicine but also
food industries, agriculture, and manufacturing industries.
Shirahata, S. et al .: Electrolyzed reduced water scavenges active oxygen species and protects
DNA from oxidative damage. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 234, 269174, 1997.
Clinical Impovements Obtained From The Intake Of Reduced Water
Extracts from " Presentation At The Eight Annual International Symposium On man And His
Environment in Health And Disease" on February 24th 1990, at The Grand Kempinski Hotel,
Dal s, Texas, USA by Dr. H. Hayashi, M.D. and Dr. M Kawamura, M.D., on : -
Since the introduction of alkaline ionic water in our clinic in 1985, we have had the fol owing
interesting clinical experiences in the use of this type of water. By the use of alkaline ionic water
for drinking and the preparation of meals for our in-patients, we have noticed :
• Declines in blood sugar levels in diabetic patients.
• Improvements in peripheral circulation in diabetic gangrene.
• Declines in uric acid levels in patients with gout.
• Improvements in liver function exams in hepatic disorders.
• Improvements in gastroduodenal ulcer and prevention of their recurrences.
• Improvements in hypertension and hypotension.
• Improvements in al ergic disorders such as asthma, urticaria, rhinites and atopic
• Improvements in persistent diarrhoea which occurred after gastrectomy.
• Quicker improvements in post operative bower paralysis.
• Improvements in serum bilirubin levels in new born babies.
Being confirming clinical improvements, we have always observed changes of stools of the
patients, with the colour of their feaces changing from black-brown colour to a brigher yel ow-
brown one, and the odour of their feaces becoming almost negligible.
The number of patients complaining of constipation also decreased markedly. The change of
stool findings strongly suggests that alkaline ionic water intake can decrease the production of
Devices to produce reduced water were introduced into our clinic in May 1985. Based on the
clinical experiences obtained in the past 15 years, it can be said that introduction of
electrolyzed-reduced water for drinking and cooking purpose for in-patients should be the very
prerequisite in our daily medical practices. Any dietary recipe cannot be a scientific one if
property of water is not taken by the patients is not taken into consideration.
The Ministry of Health and Welfare in Japan announced in 1965 that the intake of reduced water
is effective for restoration of intestinal flora metabolism.
Clinical evaluation of alkaline ionized water for abdominal complaints: Placebo controlled double blind testsby Hirokazu Tashiro, Tetsuji Hokudo, Hiromi Ono, Yoshihide Fujiyama, Tadao Baba (National Ohkura Hospital, Dept. of Gastroenterology; Institute of Clinical Research, Shiga University of Medical Science, Second Dept. of Internal Medicine)
Effect of alkaline ionized water on abdominal complaints was evaluated by placebo control ed
double blind tests. Overal scores of improvement using alkaline ionized water marked higher
than those of placebo control ed group, and its effect proved to be significantly higher especial y
in slight symptoms of chronic diarrhea and abdominal complaints in cases of general malaise.
Alkaline ionized water group did not get interrupted in the course of the test, nor did it show
serious side effects, nor abnormal test data. It was confirmed that alkaline ionized water is safer
Summary
Effect of alkaline ionized water on abdominal complaints was clinical y examined by double blind
tests using clean water as placebo. Overal improvement rate was higher for alkaline ionized
water group than placebo group and the former proved to be significantly more effective than
the other especial y in cases of slight symptoms. Examining improvement rate for each case of
chronic diarrhea, constipation and abdominal complaints, alkaline ionized water group turned
out to be more effective than placebo group for chronic diarrhea, and abdominal complaints.
The test was stopped in one case of chronic diarrhea, among placebo group due to
exacerbation, whereas alkaline ionized water group did not stop testing without serious side
effects or abnormal test data in al cases. It was confirmed that alkaline ionized water is more
effective than clean water against chronic diarrhea, abdominal complaints and overal
improvement rate (relief of abdominal complaints) and safer than clean water.
Introduction
Since the approval of alkaline ionized water electrolyzers by Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in 1966
for its antacid effect and efficacy against gastrointestinal disorders including hyperchylia,
indigestion, abnormal gastrointestinal fermentation and chronic diarrhea, they have been
extensively used among patients. However, medical and scientific evaluation of their validity is
not established. In our study, we examined clinical effect of alkaline ionized water on
gastrointestinal disorders across many symptoms in various facilities. Particularly, we studied
safety and usefulness of alkaline ionized water by double blind tests using clean water as a
Test subjects and methods
163 patients (34 men, 129 women, age 21 to 72, average 38.6 years old) of indigestion,
abnormal gastrointestinal fermentation (with abnormal gas emission and rugitus) and abdominal
complaints caused by irregular dejection (chronic diarrhea, or constipation) were tested as
subjects with good informed consent. Placebo control ed double blind tests were conducted
using alkaline ionized water and clean water at multiple facilities. An alkaline ionized water
electrolyzer sold commercial y was instal ed with a pump driven calcium dispenser in each of
the subject homes. Tested alkaline ionized water had pH at 9.5 and calcium concentration at
30ppm. Each subject in placebo group used a water purifier that has the same appearance as
the electrolyzer and produces clean water.
The tested equipment was randomly assigned by a control er who scaled off the key code which
was stored safely until the tests were completed and the seal was opened again.
Water samples were given to each patient in the amount of 200ml in the morning with the total
of 50OmI or more per day for a month. Before and after the tests, blood, urine and stool were
tested and a log was kept on the subjective symptoms, bowel movements and accessory
symptoms. After the tests, the results were analyzed based on the log and the test data.
Test Results
Among 163 tested subjects, alkaline ionized water group included 84 and placebo group 79.
Background factors such as gender, age and basal disorders did not contribute to significant
As to overal improvement rate of abdominal complaints, alkaline ionized water group had 2
cases of outstanding improvement (2.5%), 26 cases of fair improvement (32.1%), 36 cases of
slight improvement (44.4%), 13 cases of no change (16%) and 4 cases of exacerbation (4.9%),
whereas placebo group exhibited 4 (5.2%), 19 (24.7%), 27 (35.1%), 25 (32.5%) and 2 cases
(2.6%) for the same category. Comparison between alkaline ionized water and placebo groups
did not reveal any significant difference at the level of 5% significance according to the Wilcoxon
test, although alkaline ionized water group turned out to be significantly more effective than
placebo group at the level of p value of 0.22.
Examining overal improvement rates by a 7, 2 test (with no adjustment for continuity) between
the effective and noneffective groups, alkaline ionized water group had 64 (79%) of effective
cases and 17 cases (21%) of non effective cases, whereas placebo group had 50 (64.9%) and
27 (35.1%) cases respectively. The result indicated that alkaline ionized water group was
significantly more effective than placebo group at the level of p value of 0.0.48.
Looking only at 83 slight cases of abdominal complaints, overal improvement rate for alkaline
(45 cases) was composed of 11 cases (242%) of fair improvement, 22 cases (48.9%) of slight
improvement, 17 cases (44.7%) of no change and 3 cases (6.7%) of exacerbation, whereas
placebo group (38 cases) had 3 (7.8%), 17 (44.7%), 17 (44.7%) and 1 (2.6%) cases for the
same category. Alkaline ionized water group was significantly more effective than placebo group
according to the comparison between the groups (p value = 0.033).
Basal symptoms were divided into chronic diarrhea, constipation and abdominal complaints
(dyspepsia) and overal improvement rate was evaluated for each of them to study effect of
alkaline ionized water. In case of chronic diarrhea, alkaline ionized water group resulted in
94.1% of effective cases and 5.9% of non effective cases. Placebo group came up with 64,7%
effective and 35.3% non effective. These results indicate alkaline ionized water group proved to
be significantly more effective than placebo group. In case of slighter chronic diarrhea,
comparison between groups revealed that alkaline ionized water group is significantly more
effective than placebo group (p=0.015). In case of constipation, alkaline ionized water group
consisted of 80.5% of effective and 19.5% of non effective cases, whereas placebo group
resulted in 73.3% effective and 26.3 non effective. As to abdominal complaints (dyspepsia),
alkaline ionized water group had 85.7% of effective and 14.3% non effective cases while
placebo group showed 47.1% and 62.9% respectively. Alkaline ionized water group proved to
be significantly more effective than placebo group (p=0.025).
Since one case of chronic diarrhea, in placebo group saw exacerbation, the test was stopped.
There were no such cases in alkaline ionized water group. Fourteen cases of accessory
symptoms, 8 in alkaline ionized water group and 6 in placebo group, were observed, none of
which were serious. 31 out of 163 cases (16 in alkaline ionized water group, 15 in placebo
group) exhibited fluctuation in test data, although alkaline ionized water group did not have any
problematic fluctuations compared to placebo group. Two cases in placebo group and one case
in alkaline ionized water group have seen K value of serum climb up and resume to normal
value after re testing which indicates the value changes were temporary.
Conclusion
As a result of double blind clinical tests of alkaline ionized water and clean water, alkaline
ionized water was proved to be more effective than clean water against chronic diarrhea,
abdominal complaints (dyspepsia) and overal improvement rate (relief from abdominal
complaints). Also, safety of alkaline ionized water was confirmed which clinical y verifies its
Treatment of Escherichia coli (O157:H7) inoculated alfalfa seeds and sprouts with electrolyzed oxidizing water
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University ,
Electrolyzed oxidizing water is a relatively new concept that has been utilized in agriculture,
livestock management, medical sterilization, and food sanitation. Electrolyzed oxidizing (EO)
water generated by passing sodium chloride solution through an EO water generator was used
to treat alfalfa seeds and sprouts inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of nalidixic acid resistant
EO water had a pH of 2.6, an oxidation-reduction potential of 1150 mV and about 50 ppm free
chlorine. The percentage reduction in bacterial load was determined for reaction times of 2, 4, 8,
16, 32, and 64 min. Mechanical agitation was done while treating the seeds at different time
intervals to increase the effectiveness of the treatment. Since E. coli O157:H7 was released due
to soaking during treatment, the initial counts on seeds and sprouts were determined by soaking
the contaminated seeds/sprouts in 0.1% peptone water for a period equivalent to treatment
time. The samples were then pummeled in 0.1% peptone water and spread plated on tryptic soy
agar with 5 microg/ml of nalidixic acid (TSAN). Results showed that there were reductions
between 38.2% and 97.1% (0.22-1.56 log(10) CFU/g) in the bacterial load of treated seeds.
The reductions for sprouts were between 91.1% and 99.8% (1.05-2.72 log(10) CFU/g). An
increase in treatment time increased the percentage reduction of E. coli O157:H7. However,
germination of the treated seeds reduced from 92% to 49% as amperage to make EO water and
soaking time increased. EO water did not cause any visible damage to the sprouts.
PMID: 12915034 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Ionized Acid Water promotes substantial y healthier plant growth.