Help with Abrasive Discs specifications:

Backings are the flexible material to which abrasive grain is adhered to make coated abrasives and similar products. Typical backing materials are cloth, polyester film, fibre, paper, sponges, rubber, and foam.

Cloth consists of a woven fabric made from cotton, polyester, nylon or other fibers and blends. Cloth backings are available in several different weights (grams / meter or pounds / ream), which are usually designated by a letter weight specific to each manufacturer (e.g., X weight, Y weight). Very heavy weight stitch bonded cloth is available from some manufacturers for aggressive material removal applications such as abrasive planing.

Fibre consists of cotton or cellulose fibers vulcanized or chemically bonded into a dense, strong backing. While a strong and durable backing for heavy disc grinding applications, fibre main drawback is the materials sensitivity to humidity change, which can result in curling of the product.

Abrasive grains are bonded onto a plastic film backing such as polyester. Plastic film backing provide very uniform backing, which is useful polishing, lapping or precision surface finishing applications.

Paper backings are available in several different weights (grams / meter or pounds / ream), which are usually designated by a letter weight designation such A, B, C, E, F, with A the lightest weight and F the heaviest weight.

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The bore is the inner diameter of the center mount of the abrasive product. The bore is used to mount or hold the abrasive on a spindle or mandrel. The shank diameter is the diameter of the integral shank, pin, shaft or mandrel on mounted points or wheels.

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Aluminum oxide is the most common industrial mineral in use today. Fused aluminum oxide is produced synthetically by melting bauxite and additive in an arc furnace to form a fused aluminum oxide ingots, which are later crushed and sized. The various types of fused aluminum oxides are distinguished by the levels of chemical impurities remaining in the fused mineral. Titanium and chromium oxides are typical additives. Fused aluminum oxide is available in several variations depending on composition and processing such as white (high purity), brown or regular (titanium oxide modified) and pink (chromium oxide additions). Titanium oxide additions can toughen the abrasive and enable heat treating process, which changes brown aluminum oxide to a blue colored grain as titania precipitates form. Aluminum oxide abrasives are also produced with chemical precursors and precipitation, calcination and/or sintering processes. Calcined or platelet aluminas as used in fine grit or polishing applications. Sol-gel aluminum oxide is produced in using chemical ceramic technology, but this abrasive has very high performance and is usually referred to as Ceramic abrasive grain to distinguish the grain from lower performing fused aluminum oxide. Aluminum oxide occurs naturally in the form of the mineral corundum, but the mineral is not used as a commercial abrasive except as a component of emery.

Ceramic abrasives typically consist of aluminum oxide with or without additional modifiers produced using a sol-gel and sintering process. The ceramic processing route results in a hard, dense abrasive with an extremely fine crystal size and outstanding grinding performance on a variety of workpiece materials.

Emery is a naturally occurring mineral abrasive consisting of aluminum oxide particle in a matrix of iron oxide and other impurities. Crocus is an iron oxide based abrasive use for finishing applications

Garnet is a natural silicate mineral, consisting of a combination of almandite and pyrope, which mined from igneous mineral deposits or in concentrated pockets of alluvial deposits of old riverbeds. Garnet has the general chemical formula of: Fe2O3Al2 (SiO4)3 with the iron and aluminum are partially replaceable by calcium, magnesium and manganese.

Silicon carbide is a synthetic abrasive first developed in the late 1800s. SiC is harder than aluminum oxide, but more friable than fused aluminum oxide grains. Silicon carbide is typically applied to nonferrous applications (brass, aluminum, titanium). The high solubility of carbon and silicon in iron would result in a reaction of silicon carbide with the iron base alloy and poor grinding performance. Levels and types of impurities distinguish the green and black forms of silicon carbide. The sharp and easily fractured abrasive grains for abrading other non-metals such as the stone, glass, wood, and leather. SiC, like diamond, is susceptible to oxidation at higher temperatures.

Synthetic diamond is produced synthetically in a high temperature, high pressure process anvil press. Diamond is superabrasive grain with the highest known hardness and a cubic crystal structure. Diamond is used for grinding nonferrous metals, ceramics, glass, stone, and building materials. Diamond is not useful in grinding steel or ferrous alloys because carbon or diamond readily dissolves or reacts with iron. Diamond pastes are useful in ferrous polishing or lapping applications where heat and reactivity are not a factor. Diamond is susceptible to oxidation at higher temperatures

Cubic boron nitride (CBN) is superabrasive grain with hardness second to diamond and a cubic crystal structure. CBN provide super grinding performance on carbon and alloy steel. Diamond is not useful in grinding steel or ferrous alloys because carbon or diamond readily dissolves or reacts with iron. CBN is produced synthetically in a high temperature, high pressure process anvil press a process similar to synthetic diamond production.

Alumina-zirconia abrasive grain consists of a fused alloy of aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide. NorZon® is widely used variation proprietary to Norton Company, which consisting of a fused and quenched eutectic mixture of aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide. The resulting fine structure and higher hardness contributes to improved grinding performance on stainless steel, titanium and other exotic metals.

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Applies to products using abrasive grains held in a matrix or bonded to a surface such as coated abrasives, MSL superabrasives, vitrified grinding wheels, dressing sticks, honing stones or grit dressers. Grit sizes are based on ANSI, FEPA, JIS or proprietary grading system standards. Grading system standards define a grit size through specified upper and lower limits at certain points in the size distribution.

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Abrasive products designed or suitable for other specialty, proprietary or patented applications.

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Abrasive products designed or suitable for cutting, grinding or finishing other unlisted specialty or proprietary materials.

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Abrasive is attached to a back-up pad or holder using a hook and loop fabric. Velcro® is a well known example of hook and loop fabric. The hooks catch onto the loops to hold the product. The fabric with loops is usually attached to the abrasive component and fabric with loops is attached to the back-up pad.

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Abrasive discs connected together by small tabs on a dispensing roll for production settings. DeLappe, flutter, spool sanding or wing discs have a series of radially-cut slits emanating from the center or around the disc periphery (can be flutter discs or spool sanding discs). DeLappe discs are mainly used on felt spools for sanding contoured wood surfaces or on a flutter sander for machine sanding grooves and routed areas.

Abrasive products with a patterned coating of pyramidal or other shapes consisting of abrasive grain and bond. Aggregate products are similar and consist of agglomerates of grain and bond that have been coated onto an abrasive backing, but the distribution of aggregates is not as uniform compare to structured products.

Abrasive product with a sintered, electroplated or brazed metal bond system between the abrasive grains or between the grains a metal substrate. An electroplated bond system is used to produce fine grit superabrasive products. Abrasive product with a metal bond system between the abrasive grains and a metal substrate. Typically, the metal bond consists of a specialized braze layer that forms a single layer in of superabrasive and bond.

Abrasive product incorporating a grinding aid or solid lubricant, which enhances cutting performance on stainless steel, nickel alloys and titanium. In coated abrasives belts or discs, the grinding aid is often in the form of a supersize top layer. Organic grinding wheels may incorporate a grinding aid within the wheel.

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