One of Plato's greatest observations was that "a grateful mind is a great mind which eventually attracts to itself great things." There is a growing large body of recent scientific work showing that people who are more grateful and kind have higher levels of well-being and are happier, less depressed, less stressed and more satisfied with their lives and social relationships.

Recent research also shows exactly what Plato observed as detailed studies have shown that expressing gratitude leads to other kinds of positive emotions, such as enthusiasm and inspiration, because it promotes the savoring of positive experiences. The end result is that gratitude helps people optimize feelings of enjoyment, no matter what their circumstances are in life.

Two new studies from Utrecht University in the Netherlands add to the now overwhelming documentation on the power of positive psychology to improve our lives.

Background Data:

Several studies have now shown that gratitude appears to be the strongest link to health (and happiness) of any character trait. But, perhaps the best evidence that feelings of gratitude promote health are with studies in which gratitude exercises are used as an intervention.

One of the leading experts in the importance of gratitude as a therapy is Martin Seligman, PhD, former president of the American Psychology Association and one of the major thought leaders in the discipline of positive psychology. In a 2005 review article published in the journal American Psychology, Seligman described a study in which participants were randomly assigned to one of six therapeutic interventions designed to improve their overall quality of life.

Of these six interventions, it was found that the biggest short-term effects came from a "gratitude visit" in which participants wrote and delivered a letter of appreciation to someone in their life. This simple gesture caused a significant rise in happiness scores and a significant fall in depression scores. This positive effect lasted up to one month after the visit.

In other studies, the act of keeping gratitude journals, in which participants wrote down three things they were grateful for every day, had even longer-lasting effects on happiness scores. The greatest benefits usually occurred around six months after journal keeping began. Similar practices have shown comparable benefits.

New Data:

To test the potential of positive psychological interventions to enhance the quality of life in subject, researchers developed a clinical trial to measure the impact on study-related positive emotions and academic engagement among university students.

The interventions focused on "thoughts of gratitude" and "acts of kindness," respectively, in two separate randomized controlled trials.

In the first study, participants were asked to think of people that they were grateful for and instructed to focus their gratitude each day on a different passage in their lives. For example, on the first day they were instructed to think back on their years in elementary school and remember a person there were close to and of whom they were grateful to in reference to a specific event, e.g., a friend or family member who helped them with an accomplishment or task. They were also asked to write down a short note whom they wanted to express gratitude towards and why?

In the kindness study, participants of the kindness condition were instructed to pay close attention to their behavior toward the people around them at university and perform at least five acts of kindness per day and report on them in the evening, including the responses of others they received. Examples of acts of kindness included holding a door for someone, greeting strangers in the hallway, helping other students in preparing for an exam, etc.

In both studies, subjects in the control group were given random tasks such as recalling their activities of the day.

Using very sophisticated questionnaires, results revealed that the gratitude intervention had a significant positive effect on daily positive emotions and that it may have a cumulative effect on increasing positive emotions. However, results from this study did not show the same impact as previous studies.

The difference is that in previous studies there was a much deeper expression of gratitude. For example, in Seligman's study participants not only had to write a gratitude letter, but actually deliver and read the letter to the person they were grateful of as well. It is likely that by doing so, positive feedback from the recipient was provoked, which might have boosted positive emotions among the participants

The kindness intervention had a positive influence on both positive emotions and academic engagement. Based upon the researchers analysis, the acts of kindness intervention were much stronger than the effects of thoughts of gratitude. One explanation is that the kindness intervention was more intensive than the gratitude intervention (i.e., five acts of kindness per day versus one thought of gratitude per day). Another possibility is that the acts of kindness evoked immediate positive feedback. Positive reactions of people towards the participants were likely to strengthen the effects of the acts of kindness.

The take away message is the stronger the act of appreciation or kindness, the bigger the impact on positive emotions and social engagement

Commentary:

While many may argue that the need to feel loved is the greatest emotional need we have, I believe there is no greater emotional need than appreciation. The funny thing is that the things we really want in life are usually best obtained by giving more. In other words, if you want to feel more appreciation in your life, begin with expressing more appreciation.

As this is Thanksgiving or "Giving Thanks" week, I would like you to challenge you with the following assignment: Create a gratitude visit or call in your life. We all have had people touch our lives in profound ways. Pick a worthy recipient and figure out a way to make a special acknowledgment, and watch the magic unfold. The more special you make it for the recipient, the more special it will be for you.

That is Assignment A, but I want you to also do Assignment B and C. For Assignment B, I want you to be more aware in your daily life of opportunities to acknowledge people and seize chances to say thank you. And lastly, Assignment C is simply putting yourself to sleep by giving thanks in your mind and heart for at least three wonderful things you have in your life.

If you make these three assignments a daily habit, the impact on your life, your relationships and your health can be absolutely incredible. Gratitude is the most powerful magic bullet for a better life that I know. It's simple, safe, has no side effects and it is still very powerful medicine.

Dr. Michael T. Murray is one of the world's leading authorities on natural medicine and the author of more than 30 bestselling books, including The Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine. He is a graduate and former faculty member, and serves on the Board of Regents, of Bastyr University in Seattle, Washington.