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Chem Test 2 Stack

Spontaneous Change and Equilibrium

State property of chemical and physical terms that depends on the number of microstates available to its molecules

Microstates

Possible accessible microscopic states or arrangements of molecules

3rd Law of Thermodynamics

Entropy of any crystalline substance approaches zero as the absolute zero of temperature is approached

Standard Molar Entropy

Absolute entropy of 1 mol of a substance in a standard state

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Entropy of a system may increase or decrease in a spontaneous process, but when the entropy of the surroundings is added, the total must always increase

Gibbs Energy

A state property without reference to the surroundings that exists if consideration is restricted to processes at constant temperature and pressure

Trouton's Rule

In the conversion between liquid and vapor, the entropy change at boiling point approximates 88JK-1mol-1

Gibbs Energy of Reaction

Equals the difference between the sum of the Gibbs energies of the products and the sum of the Gibbs energies of the reactants

Standard Molar Gibbs Energies of Formation

The change in Gibbs energy when 1 mol of a substance forms in a standard state at a specified temperature from the most stable forms of its constituent elements in standard states at the same temperature

Standard Gibbs Energy of Reaction

Gibbs energy change when reactants in standard states give products in standard states a specified temperature

Van't Hoff Equation

Allows for the calculation of K at a second temperature, in the approximation that enthalpy and entropy are constant

Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

The vapor pressure at any given temperature can be estimated if it is known at some other temperature and if the enthalpy of vaporization is also known