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I
KARLY CHAPTERS
1/r
OK
SENECA HISTORY:
JKSUIT MISSIONS IX SOXNOXTOr.W,
6 5 f) - 1 6 S 4 ,
liV CHARLKS H.\WIJ':V. I). 1)..
Author tif " K:n-lv Cluiptcrs of Cnyuj;'' Hi'ilory.'" Ai'.. *'■. :inil I'r''<i'li-nl ..f iIk-
Cayny.i Couiily IIi■^ll>ri(■:ll Sucii'ty.
Rt'piiiitfd from Colli'itioin of C. C. II. S., A'o. 3.
A U 1! i; R N, \. V.
KNAl'l', I'F.CK >V IHO.MSON, HOOK AND |()ll I'KINTKRS.
1SS4.
WALWORT
^ ~[ }sCa.na.nd«.igp-uA J
T
O
I
I'K K K ACK.
The nlaii (if till' in'csiMit work is simihir to tliiit nf the
h'lifhi ('lid fill i-< nf ('ii//iii/it llisliirii. issued in isy.t, as tlic first
(if a sci'ics inti'tnli'd to include a eoiuplete aecduiit ol tlie
uiissioiiar.' labors of tin' I'Vcieli .lesuit Kat.liers, in tlie several
lro(|Uois eautciis, in the last half of tlie seventeenth century,
it has the same distiiftive feature, in the use made of the
Relations for the iinrposes of local historv, which lielon,tiS to
the previous pulilieation. Thest' reeop'is of two eentui'ies auo,
are allowed to tell their own storv of devotion and liei'oisin.
while tliev also serve a most trustworthy jiuide to the re-
searches of the anti(inai'ian, to|lo^■|■allher, and ioeal historian,
as will lie seen in the notes to the translations in the t<'Xt,
and the aecomiianyini;- map.
The wi'iler woidd aeknowled,u'e his indehtediiess, as in the
prei>aralion of the Ctiyu^a Chapters, to Dr. .lohn (iilmaiT
Sliea, author of C'dl/mlir Mif<siiiiis Ainnni/ lln' Inilinii 'I'li/n-s n/
till' II. M, (and kindred volumes illusti'atin,u' the early histoiw
of theeountrv.) for his c'oiinsel and aid, which has lieen of
service in various jiartienlars. 'I'he introductory chainer.
which na..ates the lirst missionaiw visit lo the ln(hans
within the present limits of the statt' of New York, and
chapter \' II 1 which concliuU's the history of the S"iieca Mis-
sion, were furnished l>v him. while the traiishition.-; that
• •niniv.sr iIh- ImhIv of tin' w^>fk. w.MV -;iilimitt(Ml to his ciiivl'iil
ivvisioii. It als(. -ivrs iiic plcasmv to diivrt alt.'iitiuii to tlic
,„.1cs .nutnlxitr.l l,\ < Icii. .Inlii, S. Chirk. ..f Aul. urn. over
his own initials, !is..f spcrial value Th.-y aiv the result uf
much study and n's<'arcli. aud s.. far as thc.v relate to Indian
villa<^'t' sites, i)f repeatoi iiersunal inspection of the several
localities, until entire satisfaction has Keen reached. It is
hardly possible to aiiprcciatc the patient lalior insi-ired l.y the
true historic spirit, recpiireil to attain accuracy in thisdepart-
ineiil of study.
AnuKN, N. v.. .Inly. ISM.
C. II.
IS <'iirciiil
illll til llic
ilini, (i\cr
' result of
to Indian
K' several
lul. It is
■ed l.v the
lis (lepart-
('. II.
iiustiit ;i>Hi«.sinn.s ^5u'">i)) ll»'' «Si'iM'iii.s.
Tilt.' earliest alteiii|il at missicin \vi>rk in \V. •stern New
yiH-\< was that nf the I'Vaneisean Fatin'r .l(ise|pli ile i;i Koehe
l>aillc>n, a /ealiMi< man who thoMLrh of hiuh I'aiik, helotiLrinii
to the faniilv o|' the |)nl<es du laid, devoted hiinsell' to the
American missions wilii all their hardships and |iri\ations.
Sa>.'ard |preserve< the |'ollo\vin,ii letter of this elerL^vman
addressed to a IVii'nd at AnLi'ers in I'Vanee, uivin^: an aeeouiit
of his \i>it to the Neuter nation in Iti'Jt; 7. It nroperlv
hirms a |ireliiniiiary ehM|iter of tlie ]i|-(;senl series, since after
the o\erthrovv of tiie Neuters hy the Irocjiiois in ICiott, their
territors was incorporated in the Seneca canton and one of
the |iiinciple villajjes. ( iandoiiLrare, was at the time of the
missionary lahors of tlie Jesuit Kalliers iinioiiL:' llie Seiiecas.
composed laruvly of ea[)tives from the coiKpiered nation. In
|lie wars between the livxpiois jiiid the Ilurons, which resulted
in the ilcsti-iietion of tin- latter, in llil'.l, the Neuters took
part with neithei': and it was their neutral position tliat,j:ave
tln'iii their name.
N.\|{I!AII\K UF lATIllOIi DK I, A UOCill-: liAII,l.(iN.'
"Slit:— My hiimlih,' salutiUioii in the mercy of Jesus. It
is still permitteil thoULih separated by distance to visit one's
1 TrmiKlnU'ii by Dr. Joliii (iilniary Shi-a as the iiitroiliiilory iliapler of tlir present
work. Till! note!*, ti);,'i'Uu'r with tin; Hkctcli of llriil.; vliicli follows the iiarriinvc, aiu
ulsio from lii.i pell, excejit as otluTwUs iiiili<'ateil.
10
f,,,,.ls l.V U.i-MV.-S .hi.'h -Vl.l.T :il-M,l tuT^nn. piVS.-Ut
tlllll \Vi' «i|'lcll Wl'lll'
tli;il I'V
Onr luMii.n-iiivnMnn.slM'ili.t tins -'''■in
, „• Ki.tlHTs aim ;in- :it a .li-t.,,.. fr-n, us. inn
..„,l..nr,stlM'vl.':n- rllMuJ,t.:n..l.s.M,wlMt llu's. v.tv
■ M-,„, l,nv.n. u.:nl,..mH.M:,v .r , v^'mI in ( .n:..iM
,.•,,!,.... I w:. iu,lu i 1. ivU.M,. nupnU. .;• v,Mt .
;,;::..„.n,.v ....... wi ■. .•an n-- =-' -- -•
,,nv...l,l,..n..unhnll,l.'l.anUhM,...:..lM„.. .a, n,v, . .
,v:.s..u .!■ 'la' wn.„.la.l n.a,l. I r |v,.,l a Myr .>-n
; .1 ia/.. n-a..,lna. „. ,a.h ..M'n.la.,. „. a nanon
,.,,,,,,,,,„ N.ntn.l, uf xvha.lMla. n,,,.,v-t.a.nn,l-' tol.
..U-r< Ku-..nra^.a l.y s. , 1 a Ka.laT au,l tlu- pva
.., out tVouMla. llun.ns wUlMlMs .k.s,,n. (),. nl,,., S, H.-i..
:!„. o,„. uauu.,1 «in.u..ll.. a,„l La Vall.v. !• naa.hnu.,, bv
nalii'U.'
.....na^l.vlhrnara.u^.l'tlM.iVtun. 1 nual. tl,.. ar,,uaint.
iualc uj
.1... ,.n.nHS,.M ua. ,o .u„.- „. l. .ha, VnUcr ua .on. n.
.;.vis,ons,ha,,w..haaiaiau,,,to.-i,iss..ll..l. ,1 ,o ,lnnk .
living in ,lu.s,. nananes as ua.naa.au.s. tla's. i^opl,. ia-vu
, .w.. Have no Uno.M.Ju'.. O ,,^'^, .,,. „ ,(„,„., ,„illo„. HoolU.c.,
,,,„,.„>.>. tU. «o.,K.l, -xcpt • ■ ;^^^ „,,, ^^,„, ,„.. ,i,„.,r,„..r..." H-l.i.i.m
„.hoin,«aa r'""rrH^a I Nc^. '^' — '»"" -les ,1,.. Niagara, a. la., as
1H41. ,., T4. It .« .;v>.U.m . > •; ^ • ■ .,„„„ „„„„ „„, „„„„ forced away
"y ..- S>..u.n.s. »":;',_'■' ::^,; ,f ..unona.a..o„ wIk... Ka-lwr ..e la Uoelu. win-
'" ''^'^irTennr . IC . ,.L In.,,.n- fn-M,!..,-, .l,e presuinptio,, is very .Ton.
, ,.re.l to the W enr..>, « li" « i' vj,,,,,,,,, anil in wlnit is now New ^ ork.
n
tlllllkill'4 III ;jivr lllilc.-.- \iill |Mlt tlli'lii lllnlcr nlili;j;ili(UI, illnl
it 1- nfti'ii m'i'i'>siiry to iiiiikc l'iii</ stiiucs :iii>l i'M'm piis?.
lii;iii\ iiii^lits svilliiiiit riiidiiiL^ any nilicr >Iii'1|ct I !i;iii llial i>l'
till' .-tais. 111' I'llllilluil t ir Siitislai'tmii what In' liail [iKHii
i.Hi'il ii-i, aipl wr sli'pt milv livi' iii'j'lit.-' in lln' womls, ami <iii
tlii'>i\lli 'la\ \\<' aiTiN'nl at llif lifsl xilla'ji', wlirrr wcwriv
vcrv well fi«cci\cil. tliaiiks to <>\\r I-"ii|, ami then \i< Iniii-
nllicr \illa'j>'- wliii'li riiiii|M'tiiiL; with cai'li otlicr ln'mi'jlit, us
I'.hmI. ,-iiiM(' \ciii<'iii. dtliiTs si|Ua.-lics, iu'iiitalii>ii\ ' ami tlif
lic-t tlii'\ iia^l, aii'l ,Im'V wrrc astoiiislicil to sec iiic ilfcsscd in
the st vie aii'l that 1 ih'sii'cil iic it him: 1 n'li ni'j inu tn tliciii. i>iil\
that 1 iii\iti'i| thiMii liv siuiis In raise their eyes to IleaNcu.
ami make the >i;jii of the Holy (Vns.s and what tilled thein
with wonder was to see lue retire at certain hours of the (la\
to pi'iiv to (iod, and ilexnte myself to inteiior exercises, for
the\- had never seen relijiioUS. e.\ce|it towarU> the l'etunen\
and llic llufons. their neiiihliors.
At last we reached the sixth villacc,' where 1 had ln'cn
ailvi,-ed to remain ; 1 had ti couiicil held here, where vou
wdl remark, liy the way, that they call all their asseinhlies
councils, which t liev hold seated on the ui'ound, as olten as it
])leas(;s their ehiets, not in a hall, Imt in a cal)in, or in the
open Held, with vi-ry strict silence as loiiL:-asthe chief speaks,
and thev are inviolable ol),~ervers of what they have once
(•onclndcd and dctcrniine 1.
'J'liero I told them thron;_rli the iisterpreter that I liiul eoine
in the name of the I'Vcncli, to form alliance and frietiilship
with tliein, and to invite theiu to come to the trade, that I
I Si:.'ai(l ill lii> llnniii clii liuiKiry cNiilMiii- IhU lo he ihhcIhcI riini.
; 111- calls lliis MitiM'iiiicnny OiiiiiiiitiKiiKliiii. In lliin Failur Itri'limf rail.- Ilic \illin.'c
fuillii'>l IriHii I lie llmuii^', ainl only iiiicday'H joniiu y fnnii I lie Snifciis, '■llic la-ttdwnof
till' Ni'iiU'i- imliuM (111 llii' caul side, callol Oiii;iiiiialira, the wniic iiiinic iib the river."
liclallmi Hill, )i, *.'. Tlic town iiciirci't llic ll'uons \va^ Kiimloni ho. II). Tcoliij,'iiiloii
wax inidivay. II). |). 'H. Hrclimrancl ('liiinniiniot vii-itcd is of ihcNcnlcr Iowiik aiul
apparently itosmciI the Niii^jara. p. 7M. as Fattier de la Uodii- Daillon did. I'nrorliiiiiitely
t'lianiplaiii niciilioii- im Ni-ntcr Nllliii:e in liis icM or iiuip.
12
als..lKM-<Ml th'/in t.. iMTiiiit HI.' lo rriuain in tlicir ccmitry, in
ihc 'iiw (if oiu- (lod. wliich
'I'licv iU'ccpteil nil
order to l.i-;il)lt' to iiistruet tlu'iii in
is the onlv means of -'oin,- to IK-iveii.
u.v oilers.' and assured n.e tliey were veiT i.leasin- to iIhmu,
c.msoled l.v wl.icli. I made them a |ires.ml of ilie little 1 had,
;,s littK' knives and .,ther tulles, vvhieh they este.-m at a hiuli
,,,i,v, for ill these .Mmntries y.ni never treat of aiivUim,- with
Ihe Indians witlioul makin- them presents of ...miethin- or
other, ana in return they l.e.uo, me (as they say) that is. tliev
deelared me a eiti/en and a ehild of the .-ountiy , and -ave me
in char-e(a mark of ureal alTeetion) to Sonharissen, who was
„,y fath.. and mv host, for aeeonlin- to age, they are aeens-
tomed to eall us eousm. hrother. s.m. uiu-le or nephew, .S;e.
This one is the chief of the greatest .'reait and authority,
who has ever been in all the nati<u,,<. for he is ehief not oi
his villau-e onlv. luii of all those <.r his nation, t,) the number
of twenty-ei-ht. ineludin- towns, .'ities, aii.l villages, l.mlt
like those of the llun.n eountry, as well as of s.weral little
hiunlets of seven or eight ealnn.. built in various places,
eonvenient for lishing. hunting or cultivating the ground.
This is without exami.le among the other nations to h vc
ihsolulea Chief, lie ae.piired this honor and power by
his eouraue. and for having several times gone to war against
liie seventeen nations who are their enemies ana brouglit
back heads, or brought in prisoners from all.
' Th.ose who are valiant in this style are highly esteemed
amoii'' them. And tliougli they have only the war club and
tho bow, vet they are v^'iy war like, and dexterous in these
After all this friendly welcome, our Krenehmeii hav-
irretunied. I runiaine.l, the happiest man in tlie world.
h,min"- to advance something there for God's glory or at
least t"^ discover the nutans, which would be no small thing,
:,„d to endeavor to learn the mouth of the river of the Iro-
([uois in order to conduct them to the trade.
so
ill
1.*^
iiiiitrv, III
ihI. wliicli
cpH'il nil
It. llu'in,
lie 1 liad,
i!t a liiuli
hiii;_^ svitli
I'tliin,^' 'ir
lit is. they
1 L^avc tiu'
, \v!iii was
arc ai'ciis-
phew, "l^i'.
autlioiily,
llil'l' not of
lie iuiiii1h.t
iges, Imilt
voral littlf
Ills places,
jjroiiiul.
)us l<) li \ e
1 power liy
Aiii' against,
III l)roUL;lit,
y esteemed
ar dull anil
MIS in these
ehrnen hav-
tlie world,
glory or at
small thing,
r of the Iro-
I have also ihiiK' my hest 'o ii'arn thcii-cii >ms and mode
"I' I'l'''. ;iiid dm-ing my stay I visih'd them in their cal.ins, to
know aii.i instrm't them, and I joimd thcni snllicirntlv
'i''i'-':i''l'". ••md 1 often iii;,,l,. the little childivn. who aiv verv
liriL:'.:' .'.ai'ls naked and dislieveled, make the sign of the
IIolv Cross, and I reninrkrd th;it in all these ( (.iintries 1 never
saw aiiv liiimphaeked. onr-eveil, nr mi'^shapcMi.
I have always seen them linn ii. their wish to o-o with at
least h)iir<'an<Mstothe trade, if | would guide them : the whole
diliienlty w.-is that we did not know the way. Vrotpiet, an
Indian known in these cnintries. who had eome ihrre with
twentv of his people t,, hunt Lravei', and who to,,l< at least
live himdred. was never willing to give ns any inai'k to know
the month of the river. IIi' and several llnrons assured ns
lirmlv that it was only ten days' ,<ail to the plaee ,<i trade, hnt
we wei-e afraid of tid<ing one I'iver hir another, and losinti'
our way or dying of starvation in the land.
For I hive months 1 had every re;i.-,,M in the worM to he
s.atisheil witii my peojile. j?iit the Ilnions liaxing discovered
th.at 1 talked of taking tliein to the trade, spread tliroiiuii all
the village where they parsed, very evil MUPors .ahoiit me.
that I was a great magician : tli.at I had disea-ed the air in
their.'i.iintry and poisoncl sevenil : ih.at if they did not soon
make way with me tliat I would set III-.' to their villaecs, and
make all their children die; in line, that I w;is. as thev rep-
resented, an . I /-/An; //('—this is their word to sigiiifv one wdio
malci's sorcerie.-;. wdiich they hold in tin- giva^est lioi'ror : and,
hy the way. know that there are many sorcerers who under-
tak-e til cure the sick hy mummeries and other hincie.s.'
In tine, these llnrons ha\e iiKvays told them so iimeli e\-il
of the JM-eiich tlia.t tlu'v could imagine, in order to divert
them from trading with ii.s that the Kreiicli were iiiapproach-
I When 111,. .1, ■suits Hri'Lcur and ChuiunoiK.: .ulcinplcl ii inissiiiii .•iiiicni; llic Niutcrs
ill 111 III, the s:iiiH. iiii-iis.'i'ioMs «,.,•,. nia.lc iiifiiiiist Uiciii liy Iliirdiis. i;,.|,itioii lti)|, p. 7:,.
14
iil)l(', liiirsii, sad ami iiu'liinrlioly mm. wlio liv(> on notnui:.'
l,ut snakrs aiul poison; that wv eat tlie thnndi'r' (wlii.-l,
tlu'V imauiiH- to be an uupurallflcMl iiioiistor, rolatiii.u- stiaii-v
storu-s about it); that we all had tails likr animals, and
that oiii' women had oidy one breast, which was in the mid-
dle of the bosom: that they l)ore live or six children at ii
birth, and tliev added a tlioiisand other absurdities to make
us hated by them.
And in fact these u'ood iieople who are very easily per-
sanded, conceived such a mistrust of me, as soon as any one
fell sick, they eame to ask me whether it was not true that 1
liad poisoned him. that they would surely kill me if 1 did
not cure him. 1 had much dillicidty inexcusin„ and defend-
ing myseli. At last ten men oi the last village called Oua-
romnon;-' one day's march from the llinxpiois, their kindre.l
and friends, coming to trade in our village, eame to see me
and invited me to visit them in return at their village. 1
pi-omiscd todo so without hiii, when the .-.now had melted, and
to -ive them all .«'me triHes, with whi.di tliey showed them,
selves satislicd. 'riiereui.on they left th(> cabin where I
lodged, all the time hiding their evil designs against me. and
.seeing that it was growing late, tliey came back to sir me,
and brusquely began to .piarrel with me, without provoca-
tion. One knocked me down with a blow of his list, and the
,,lln"r took an axo. and as he was about to lay iny head open,
(iod diverted his hand and turned the blow on a post that was
tliere near me. 1 receivcil several other ill treatments, but tiiat
is what we come to seek in the.se countries, (^lietiiiga httle.
1"
tlun- v.Mitcil tJifii- ;iiil;'('|- Oil the little |)r(i|)crtv we lnul j.'lt.
'riit'V took (Mil- \vi'iliii'j.lc-;k, hlankfl, lircviafv ami ■ \k\j in
which there svei-e soliic poi'ket-kui Ves. lieclli.s. ;i\v!<. ;iii,l
other little thiiiLix of lik'e (|iialit\, and ha\ iiiu thns stri|.|ie.l
me, they went nil' all tiiat iiiniit u\-e|-j,)veii at theii' <'\[il..it.
and on ai-rivin.i:- al their villaiic, on inakin.i!' an exaniiiialion
ol the'ir hooty, toiieheil perhaps liy a repentance come fiMm the
Most, liiuh, they sent, me hack uiir hreviars'. cumpass, writinu-
tiesk, lilanketand sack, liiit, it was (piite emptv.
On theii- arrival in my villau;e, called ( (iimaitisastoii, there
were unlv women there, the men having- ljoiic to hunt stasis.
On their retnrii they manifested to me tliat thev were sorrv
lor liie disaster that had het'allen me, then no more was
said alioiit it.
The rumor s[)read forthwith to the Hnroiis, that I hail
been killed, whereupon the good Fathers lirelieiif and de
None, who had r('inaine<l ihei-e, sent (ireiiolje promptlv t^ me
to learn the truth, with orders that if 1 were .■iliscto liriiiLi me
back, to which I was invited al.so by th(! h'tter which tlav
had written me with the p(Mi of their j^ood will, and ! ilid not
wish to Liain.say tlu'in, since such was their ;i-lvice and that
of all the French, who feared more di.sastei's than pruiii 'hv
my death, ami thns returned 1 to the countrv of • Huroiis,
wliero I am at jiresent all admiriuL; the divine cU'ects nf
Heaven.
'J^Ih! country of tliis Xeiiter nation is incoinparabl v .uroater,
tiller and better than any other of all these countries.' There
1 "There is also two days' JDiirney from llitsc' alie I'l'luii-) another iialiiiii of liuli.iiis
who raise a j,'reat ([iiaiitity of tulmceo, oiithe side toivard.s llie soiilli, who areealled lh,>
Neuti'r imtioiis wlio niiinher l.Ddi) warriors, who dwell west of the lake of the Kiitoiili.
oiioroiis. Kll to KKI leaL'iies in extent," I.aviTdiere's eiiain|)laiii. l(il!l, |i. (k». "These
Neulei-!! enjoy, aeeofdiii^r to the ri'port of sojne, elirhty lea^'iies of eoiiiiiry, where they
raise very ;.'ood tohacc). whieli they Iraile with their neighbors. They UMsist the Chi--
veux Kelevez (Ottawa-i a^'aiiisl the Nation of Kire. of whom they are niorlal eni-inies;
but between the Ilirorinois and our lliirons * * • th;-y had peaee and reninined neutral
between the t.vo nations. • Sa;.'ard, p. Hiii " Kroni the llr^t town of the Neiiter nation
IH
is ail iiKTcilililL' ntniilx'i' of sta.us ilicrc. wliicli tlicv ilo not take
one liy diic, as is (Imic on this siilc, hut iiial-:iivj tlirci' li('(l<i'cs
in a spacious ]ilai'c. tlicv laiii tlicni all alicail, until tlicy <'()l-
Icct thi'iu ill tiiis |ilaf(', when' tlicv tak'f tlnMii : ami tlii'V liaN'c
this maxim I'oi' all kimls of animals, wiirlhcr they nccil them
(U- not. to kill all tiifv iiml, I'oi' fear, as they -^ay, that ii' they
ilo not take them tin' licasts would :;;<) and inform the otiicrs
liow thcv hail liccM pursucil, and that afti'i'wai'ds. in llicir
nciH's>:ity, they would no longci liud any. A Lircat almnd-
anrc of moose of ell-:, heavci'. rat't'oou,-;, ami lilack S([uirn'ls,
lafger than those of 1'' ranee, arc found there, a i;i'cat (luaniity
of wild ircesc, tui'kcvs, ei'ancs. and other animals, which
remain there all winlci', which is not Ioul;' nor riiioroiis as in
('aiiada. and nosui'W had fallen thcri' on the li'Jd of Nnveni-
licr, which was not at most more than two feet decji,
and licgan to melt on the 2tith of .lannary. ( )n the Sth of
March' there was no louijcr any at, all in the open places.
tlioMuh there w;is a little, indeed, in the woods. Kcsidcncc
thei'c is pleasant ;iml <'oiivciKcut "iioiiuii, the I'ivers furnish
(pnuitities of vci'v cood lish, the soil v'iN'cs u'ood corn moi'c
than for their want. There arc s(piashes, beans and other
vegetahlcs in plent\-, and \- e ry siood oil which tlu^N' call a
'J'ouroiilon.' so that I do not donht lint that wc should settle
foiiiid oTi priHM'ciliii;; fioin here ilhi' lliin)n>i kri'pini.' (in sciiHli iir snntlnvc.-t it is iil)c)U(
four (lays' journey lo the nidiith of Uu' so faii\ous river of that nation in Ontario or
I,ake St. Louis, 'riiis side of tliut river and not lieyond it, as u eortain map states, are
the most of tlie towns of the Neuter nation. There are three or four lieyond rans^ed
from east to we«t towards the Nation of the Cat or KneehriUKUis. This river is that hy
wliieh our i,'reat lake of the Iliirons or Mer Donee, whieli Hows first into that of Krie or
the Nation of the Cat, and there it enters into the lands of tlie Neuter nation and takes the
nanu' of Dnyiiiaahra, till it empties into Oidario." -I{(dation 1(141. p. Tl. 'Vlie map re
ferred to is evidently ('lnini|i'ain s, of li;:iJ, where he makes the Niagara run from west
to east and places the Neuters entirely west of Lake Ontario and sonlli of the Niajjara
The oil sprMi!,'s in their eounliy were evidenlly east not west of that river.
I 'I'his ll.Kes apparently the period of his stay in the eoiintry of the Neuters from
November y.', ai.'li, to ahoul March 8, KKT.
-• •■ 'I'he eo|iylst of the I'aihet's leltiu' mistook in my opinion, the Huron Wdrd Olor
onton, which he makes to mean «i/,- for it is, properly spuakin;;, /(c/cA, or Oli '. hitir
tiiii'li Ihi'ri- /.»•/- Saiiard. p. sii:i.
17
tliiTc i';itlu'r than clscwlH'rc, ami, clmilii |,ss dii a Iummci' stav
tliiTc wuiiM 1)1' lidpc of aihaiiciiiL: 'iml's 'jIdi'n-, wliicl: is
inniv to 1h' xiii'jlit than anL^ht else, an<l iIumi- (•iin\(M'>i(in is
'iiiiiv III lie li(i|i,'il |',.r the faith than that nf ihr Ilnrnns, and
I am a>tiinisiii',| hciw tlu' ( 'unipan v nf Mi'ivhanls, siiicr 1 he
1 iinc they ha\i' iMiiic In 1 hoc cdnnl rics, ha\ i' not inaih' sdimi'
I'Vcnrhnicn winter ii: said cdnnti'v: I -av a-suredlv t hat. it
WMiild 1„. \-,.rv easy to lead them \n tii" liMd<', wlih-h would
Ilea ureat aiKantauc to l:() ami eome li\- >o short and eas\- a
I'onte,' as | lia\ e alivadv told von, I'or to vo I radiiej to the
IlniMiis aniiil all the dillienlt rapids, and alwavs in daiiLn-r
<il drowning:-, is scarcely atti'aetivc. .and tlmi to niari'li lor six
days from the linrons to this coiinti'S'. crossinu' the land li\-
learfnl an.l awfnl routes ;is i ha\i' .-ecu the; ire insu]'-
pni'tahlf hardships and he alone k'liows it. udio lia> fonnd
liiinself amid them.
1 .siy then that the Licntlcnicn associates should, in m\-
"pillion, semi soim> I'Venclimen to winter in the < ntrv of
the N'enters. who aiv hvs ivniotc than that of the llnnms.
h'l' 'li''.V can i.ro( d hy the lake of ihe lliroipiois to the
place wheic the tradi' is held' in ten day- at most : this lalsc
is tlicirs al.~o. the one oi: the one .-liore, and the others on
I " I rdii.jolurc :il-ii .-.■i-ily llic |iriixiiiiily of ilir N.-iitri- i., (^iiuhi'i-. in tint Ihr lliv
ii(|ucils iiii; iii'iirir 1(1 the- l''rcii(li ili:iii ihi' riiiroiK ;ni'. iiiiil 111.' Nciili'i-' arc iiiily ti t\:\\>
jdiirnry friiiii lln' llinniui)is. wlionll lie s<jiiiliHiii(l."-N:'LMnl.
■-• 'I'lic pliK-c (if Iniilc, iilrciidy scvcriil lime.-, niciilidntd, vm- oii Lake Si. IMcr, mIkiiiI
lifly miles lieldw Mdiitrcal. !<iiL'ar(l in If.Sli says : " « * ".\f:cr luiviiii; liccii ic-
frcslicd f(ir HiAcial days wiili dur 'nctlircn, and oi.idycd their sweet (•diivcisalidii. in
(iiir liltl" fdiivenl. wc ascended in imr l)ar(|nen liy the Hiver St. I.a«ienee fur //if trdil,
of Ihi V(i)ii iif VUliinj, which i.s from (^iieliec aliont fifty leau'iies. * * * * \Ve reached
l.atte St. I'eler. which is si.\ (ir seven leai;iies Ihiil;. and lliree (ir fdiir wide in plaee.x, and
four fathdins deep Hliere Ihe waler is still. * ♦ « * A Utile alidve Ihe (iiitlet (if Ihe
hike we enter the hariidr (if (ape Victory and cast anchdr ahdiit .si.^ (ir .se\cn (I'cldck in
the evening' (if the day iif SI. Maiidaien, when' already were encamped aldii!..'the bank,
a yrc'd imndierdf savau'cs of varidiis niitiim.s for the tiinlmf hfiiinx ii'illi tin' Fniitli.
t * * * Kioin the harlair (iiie sees in fniiit six dr seven islands ecivered with lieantifiil
trees of iiniform hei'.dd. which cdnccal friim view the lake and Ilie river (if the Iro-
(|nois, which disehar;;es itself into the u'reat river opposite tlie harlior." (Saiiai-ds
llicldry of Canada, I, ira>-.l. S. ('.
18
the utlicr, l-iit 1 si'c tiiic oli-itMi'lc, wliicli is tlicy lianlly l\iiii\v
lii>w til iiiiiuM'ji' ciiiiocs. t's|ii'ciall\- at. rapiil-. iiltlmii^uli there
ai'o 'nil\' tWM, Imt tlu'\' Mi'i' Ioiil; ami i!aii:;i'n)iis. 'I'licir r^a'
ifailt' is liiiiitiiiL;' ami war. oiitslih' of tiiat llicv arc ^^rfal
slii;:'<.ianls, wiioiii y<>n see like ln'iii/ars in I'" ranee, wlien Llie\
are full, lyin,L!' on tlieir iielly in the sun 'I'lieir life, like that
of tlu^ llni'ons, vei'v (lissointe, ami their manners ami ens-
tonis entirely the same. 'I'he lanLinaL^c is ilill'erent, li(i\ve\cr,
hnt they undei'staml eaeli otluT as tiie Alij;"iinie(|nins aii'l
Moiitajriiais do.' As for elothes. do not look for ai.y anion'^
theni, for they do not wear even hreeeh eloths, which ;s
\'er\' sti'anii'e, and is scarcely found in the iiiost. sa\ap' iriln's.
And to tell you the truth, it would not lie e.\j»edient to let
all i\indft of people eoine hci'c, for the wi<'ked hfe of some
French!nen is ii pernicious example to them, and in all these
countries, the people though l)ai'l)ai .>us, reproach us, saying'
that we teach them thinus coiitrai'V to \v'iai our l''reiiclnnen
praetiec. 'I'hink, sii-. wiiat weight our woi'ds can have aftci'
that : yet hetter is to l)e hoped i'or, since what consoled nn'
on my I'eturn was to see that our countrymen had made
their peace with our Lord, had confessed and received com-
inunit.in at Kuster, and had sent away tlieir women, ami have
snieo l)eeii nioiv guarded.
I must tell you that tliev ti'eated our Fathers so harshlv,
that e\en two men of whom the.Iesuit l''athers hail deprixcl
theinselvts for theii' aceonunodatioii, have lieen driven out liv
foree, and they \vere unwilling to give diem a,iy provisions
to nourish and suppoit some Imliaii hoys who desired to live
with us, although they pi'oinised to luivo them roinuiierate(l
by some of oi'r henefactors. It is cruel to he tn^ated in this
' "Our Iliiniiis r;ill llic Ni'iitci imlnm .Mliw.nulmdnk, ii* inncli a- in fay. " I'rcipk iif
a laiiKllat-'i' a little dilTtTi'iit." for aw to iialidiiri wlili'li ^pi'ak a laiij:iia;?i! that they (Id iiiit
uiHliTclatKl at all, Iliry call tlu'tn .Vkwaiiakr. nf whatuver iiatinii tlicy may Ih', as ip" in
cay "Slraiitji'rs." The [U'oplc df Neuter Natiiui in turn for tin- same reason eall iiur
lIiiroTis "AlliwamUirDuk." Helatioii Kill. p. ;i.
y kinisv
ii tluTf
icir Tim'
re L:i'f;il
WW they
ike tliiit.
IImI (MIS-
lins aii'l
(■ a 1 1 1 1 ) I il;'
vliich :s
I' tril»cs.
lit to !t't,
<pf SOIIH^
[,11 tliCS.-
, siiyiii--
llrlillicil
IVl' llt'tiT
oldl ine
il iiiailo
I'll CI llll-
mi liavt'
liai-shly,
li'jiri\'cil
II (lilt liV
■ovisioiis
il to livt!
iitioniti'il
il ill this
" I'l'cipk iif
they (1(1 iiol
' hv, itn if lo
<iii\ ci.ll imr
19
sort, liyoiii viTv couiitrviiKMi, hut since we arc Friars Miiioi-.
our ((inditloii is to suH'cr am! to prav to (io;! to L:ivc us
patience.
It is said that two new l-'athers eanic to ns f.-oiii l-'raiicc,
naiiieil l-'atlicr I»aiiicl Hoiii-sicr and l''athcr l-'rancis de J^in.
\ille. who had liccii |irotiiised us already last vciir : if this ')•>
so, I licLi you as a crowiiiiiL;' of all your troiiMe, that voii tako
for ine, to let me have without fail a liaKit that tlicycaii send
Hie, it is all that I ask, for no cloth is made here, an 1 ours
tiein.L;' all worn out, I cannot do without one. 'I'lie poor
rcliiiions of St. l"'r;;iicis having; food ami clothin,ii', this is their
whole lot on earth: IleaNcn wc hope under favor of our
jidodCiod in wliosi^ service we must voluntari! v devote our
life lor the salvation of tlies(> lieni,Ldite(i people, in oi'dei' that
it plea.se him, if he accept our care, to make Cliristianitv
(lourish in these countries. (io(l permits inartvi'dom to those
who mei'it it, 1 am sorry not to iie in that state, and vet 1
am not nnawari' that to lie rccoii'ni/.ed a true servant of (iod,
uiiemiist e.\ pose him. self for iiis brethren. Come then hravelv
pain and toil, all dillieiilties and death itself will be a<.n'eeable
to me, (iod's ^'raee beiiiy with me, which I implore bv tneaiH
of the prayci's of all our uood friends ovei' there, whose, sir,
and your most hiiinbh; ser\ant.
1 am in our Lord.
D;iled al Toanolmiii, a Huron village, ihls IStli dny of July, 1G27.
Stephen ]?rule, wlioseoulotiy of the country of the Ni'iiters
led Father de la Roche Daillon, to visit them, had, we must
infer, already been in thaljiartof fliecountr\, and boon struck
by its advanta;j('.s. Jle came over at a very early ajz'e and was
employed l)y C'hainplain from about liilOaiid pi'ihaps earlier-
He was one of the lirst e.xplorer.s, proceeding to the Huron
(.•■ountry and aequiriiig their language so as to serve as inter-
preter. (L!ivcrdiere"sChamplaiii, vi i)p. 244-26()j. As early us
2fl
S(']iti'iiil)('rS, Itil'i. wlii'ii ( ■li;iiiip!;ii'i wns jircp;iriiii:' to join the
IIuiMiis ill tlii'ir cxpi'ilitinii ii'jniiist the l'!iit<Mii>lioiiiii'iiiis, in
('(•iitr;il New ^'(ii'k, Slr])licii Uruli' ^d out williii pintv of
t\vi'l\'' llui'oiis iVoiu r|i|i('r Caiiii'l.i for tlic lowns of tlic
('iiriiiitou;mii;iis. !iilii'> of thi' Huron- livinjx on tiic Siiscinc-
li;inn;i, ami rviilcntly foiniinL;' pai't of tin' confiMTt'i'acv known
later as tin- A mlasti'-;. (III. ll('>l.">. I p. ."'")| to soMiiv tl.cir
foo|..Tatiiin auain-l the cnciay.
lie ri'oNsi'il from I,;il^( ( )ht:n'io api'ai'cntly to tlic Siisipic-
lianiia. liffcutcil ,i small Ii'oi|iiois pai'ly and cntcicd tin' Car-
iiiitoiiaiinais town in triuiniili.' 'I'lic fof<TMiiai<-lii'(l too slowly
to join ('liam|il't,ii. ami l>ri'i(' rclnrncii to ijicir ronnlry wIh'Ic
li'" w iiiti'i'i'ij. !Ic ili'-i'i'iidi'd tlicir ri\ci' (till' Snsipii'liaiina. I
visitinii' the iioiLiiii o"in^- triiics. mcclinij' scNcial wlio (•o:n
'ilaincd of till" liarsliii.'-s of the Dntrli. At last lie stavt( d to
I'cjoi'i liis conntrNincn. Imt liis party was attacki'd and scat-
t('i'('(i li\- tlic Ii'oipioi.-. and l)i'iil(' losini:' liis way ciitci'cd an
Ifoijiiois \'illa_ii'c. lie tried to eoii\iiiee tlicin tliat lie was
not of the same nation of w lutes wlio had jiHt lic'ii altai'kiiiL:'
llieni. lint tlie\- fi'll upon liim. tore out iii- nails and lieai'd
and Ix'Lian to hnrn liim in dillerent parts of tlie Imdy. lie
was far fi'oiii lieinL;' an e.\ein|i|ai'v eliai'aeter, Imt wore an
A.UMins Dei, and when the Indians went to tear this from his
iieek he threateneil tiieiii with the veii^eanee of Heaven,
.Inst then a terriMe thunder storm came u]), his toniientois
lied and the chief released him. After he had spent some
lime with them thev escorted him four days" jwe.rney and he
made his was- to the AtinoMatMitaiis, the Huron trihe occn-
pviiiL;- the ]ieiiin-ula lietwecn Nattn\vassa,L!:i and Nratcliedasli
hays on Lake Huron i Laverdiere's Cniamplain Ifil!', p]i. l.'U-
14(1. 1(11;"), ]). 2<>: Sa.Liard, Histoire du Canada, |>. -KiO.)
I ('ariimoiiiin wii^ in the oniiocis <if present Wiivcrly, in Tiosiii C'onnt.v, N. Y., on
llic liiii' lu'twccn I'tMiiisylvaiiia iinil Ni'W Yort;. on tlic ciint side of Clifinnii^ Hiver. It
wax enclosed liy a imiisaiU-d work, the remains of wliicli iirc . !1 plain to l)e seen, con-
Ininini; alionl ten acres, lirnlc reporleil that in liil") il contained HtXl warriors.— J. S. C.
21
II'' fciiiud Cli;iiii|)l;iiii in Itil^, iiml iiunlt' liis i'c|pnrt to
liiiii. li was a|i|i:n'('iitly I'li this I'ctuni inaivli that he passed
tlii-uiiuh till' tciTitnry <•!' tlir Neuters, ,is il WdiiM lie his saf«;st
course. We lind him in (^)iiel)ee in Ill'J.'!, when ht wa> sent
t(i meet and In'iiie down liie llni'ons edminij In ti'ade. ll(!
returned with tiiem. h'adini;- a verv dis~(ilute hfe amnnL;- the
liidians ia< SaL'^ard comiihiined ). - Laverdiere's Cliamplain,
K'l'it, \i. ><\. W'iien Ki !"iik t^nehee he went over t'l the
Ku,ulisli. and was sent up to tlie llurons in their interest in
1(12!>, notwit!i<tandiug the l)itter I'epiNiaelies of ("haniphiin.
(111. lO.'J'i. p. *Jt)7.) Saiiard. wi'itiiiL:- in l(i.".(), states that pio-
voked at liis eondiiet tiie Herons put him to death and
devoured him. — Sa.Liard, Ilistnii'e du Canada, p. 4f!t!, Lejeune
[{elation l(l;!;i. p. J! I. The iaU.er I'aet is not iiienlioued hy
the Jesuits. I'Voin the remark of Father lireheuf (Relation
Ki;-)."), p. 2S. I il would seem that he met hi.- death at the very
town, 'I'oaiudiain. wheiiee I'ather ih; la Uoelie wrote. It was
aliout a mile from 'I'liunder Bay. — Lavenliere's Cliamplain
Kilit, p. 27.
Such was tlic fate of the man who wa- tiuMirst to cross
from i.id;" < hitai'io to the Susipieliunna. and pass from the
villaji;e of tlie Iroipiois throUL;li the Neutral territory to the
sliores of Lak(! llni'o...
'I'iir riMiiKlci' (if till' lir~i iiiis>i(iii niiiiiii'^ till' SiMh'cas in
lll.'id \v;l^ l''iillit'l' .I(iS('|iIi ('li;illllliiiii)t, ;iii old Ilni'oii iiii~siiiii-
ai'v, iitit liss ilistiiiL'iiislic I for liis flcii[iii'nrc tlmn for Ins
piollS (|r\i)tioli, lie ciiliii' to ( )||()ll(lll!.'!l, the I'llliilill of tin'
I ro^ I Hois Coiifi'dciMcv. tlic vcar | ires' ions, toMcllu'r with I'atlicr
Chindf l);ililoii. and rcnsaincd llicri' dnriim' the winter of
1(!")."> (5. |)re|i!irin^' the way for the estahlishnient i-f missions
in tliese\eral IrDijUois cantons.'
'riie following:- nari'ati\(' of ins work in fonndin,L;' the Sen-
eca missions, is tr.nisl.ited from Chapter wil. of It'Uilinn for
KioT.' vi/. :
CONCKKN'INC TlIK IT IlLICAIIoN OK ■|'11K lAlllI AM().\(i Till':
SONNONTOr.WS.
The eoinitry of tlie Sonnoiitonans (Si necas), which is mnch
the most i'ei'tih' ami iiopulons of tlie cantons of tlie Iroijiiois.
contains two \\.'y\ lai'jxc towns and a numl)cr of lesser vil-
lajjrcs, besides a town of the llnrons named St. Michael, who
took refnjie there in ordei' to csca|H! tiie common calamitv of
.1..,; ;,...; mm,.,.... ii ,..i... i i .1
'ir nation.' These llurons
I Kiir tlic prcliiniiiai'y 1
who have preserved their
re Kitilij rlmiiiHs,,/
28
CM.-itiMlM lllnl |i:irtii'lll;ir Iinliits. V\\r .v|i;ilMti' IViiiii till' li,..
<|ncii>^, ;iiii| (diili'iil tliciiisi'Ucs with lifiii'j mic wnh ihciii in
V'""! I'l'i'liii'.f .•iii'l lrirnilslii|). Nut liMsiip/ ii sulliciriit ihiiiiIiit
of hilMii-crs til niltiv ;iti' tin' \vIim|,' i.lllii-i cNtciisiv c licM. we
(•i>|i|i;;c niirsi'lvi'- to | H'cMi'li i li;j tlh''jMci I Ihllli'j- l.i tlli'lll. Ii;i\ •
iiil; i'\<'hiiliL''i'il Willi tliciii pfi'Si'iit- nj' (■(■iTiiMniv ami ;ini;iiicc.
I'"! ii-i soldi ii> I'';itlii'|- (lli;iiiiii.iiiMt, mi c'lir iirri\-;ii in the
I Iriii|iiiii.;) i'iiiiiit|-y, liiiij ;ii|ii|itfi| the (';i\iil;;i> h* rhilijivii uI
''ih'lltlii' III' wi'lit III S"l|i'iM tn ;ii|i>l>l llllll 1 |i|r .'iS liriitlli'l>
I I I'll 'I'll, a ft IT Ihi' 11 Kill III Till' till' l-'ail 1 1 til which wr wmilil i|i>-
I'l'-i' thrill.
I la\ili,u as>i'iiililci| thi' sai'liriiis uf ( iaiii la'jaii, tin' |iniii'i-
pal liiwii of tiic Sriii'ras, ami iiiaiii' thr rii>tiiiiiar\- jiri'smts
I'l alliaiiri', lir n niiiiifiirci I iii all rai'iH'st ami rli'\atril tiiiii'ii|'
viiirc til cxiilalii the ]irii!"i|ial truths nt' the ijiis|ii'l, which he
scah'il with three very licaiitil'nl |ir('seiits that he hail res<'i'\cil
l'"i' the |iiii'|iiisc ; ami tu press the iiiatlef still fartliiT, "Mv-
self " he saiil, '• I eive with these as L'liaraiitee i if the tmt lis
which 1 preach : ami if my life, which I cdiiseci'ate tn von,
sliiiiilil se(.'iii toymi .if little acenimt, I oU'er to vmi the lives
i)f all the Kreiicli wlm have fnlloweij me tu (ianiieiita'r as
a t(>stiimiiiy (if the l"'aith which I |iriiclaim tu xmi. I)i, (-nii
iMt put eoiitideiiee in these li\iiiu- presents — these m.lile
lii'avcs'.' (Ian ymi he s.i simple as to think that such a
ciinraLreiiiis liami wmilil leave their native 'joiintrv. llie most
iiLirccalile ami lieaiitiful in the worM, siill'er sn ^reat liaril-
ships a!;il come su far. tu liriiii:' vn a lie ? "
1 Fur nil luciiiuit iif llijs inluoliii:.' (■iTi'iiioiiv to^'i'llirr « i!li tin' siici-cli nf SiKiiichiii
2W11, Ilic ili»lln^'ui«liril en.viiUii (iniliir, on tlii' in'rii-iciii. see h'trli/ C/i'iii', ri ii>' (''Himid
IIi'Iki'ij. pp. l."i, pp. (liMiiitio w,i> llie immu by wliii h llir Krt'iicli OiiVfrnor wii" kiiDwii
to till' IriiqUoJM.
■' Si'c iiiilo nil Scncra tiiH lis, p. u'."i.
; The file iif tho OnnliiliiL'i Misj-inn nf SI, Mi ry. It was nlso tlii' scat nf a KriMicli
ciiloiiy (pf sdinc f.irly prixiiix hIkp hail aiidiiipaiiiiMl llif missionaries friim (^ucl,i.c.
iiMilcr coniiiinhd of M. Dii I'liys. ami was sitiiaiiMl on tin' iiortli siiliMpf the On jaira
lake, alioul iniiUvay lietwi't'ii its two oxlri'iiiilii's.
21
Till- rrsiilt |iiiivci| th;il tlii'si' liirlKiriaii-i wri'i' m >vr I liv tin-
iliscdMiM- til' till- KatliiT. \'\tv iil'ti'i' dm' (li'liliiTatinn ovfi- tlu'
IllJltli'l', tlli'V iill-Wrl'i'il liiill tlli'V lir||c'\ I'll wliat Wr lia<l till'
L'<tn<liirs-i t'l |iii'Miil I'l llii'iii, ainl I'liilnai'i''! lln' I'aitI;, ami
rlili'fati'd with ;^n'at r;ii m^tiios that llir I'atln'f uoiilil hvc
with tlicin. till' lii'tiiT III iiisti'iul thrill ill mir invstcrio.
'riirrc \\a- <iiir iimri' ih'i'ply loiirhnl ihnii tlu'i'i'st, wlinwniilil
iiiit ciiiisriit that thi' l'';ithi'r ^liiMiM (Irpart iinlil hi', hiiiisi'ir,
was iiistnirtcil ami iiaiiti/ni. ami he liad alsn olitaiiicd h'f his
wife the ^aiiii' luii'i'im'ss. (ii)d has lilcsscd tlif lalmrs nf tlii-^
l-'atiirr with siiiiiiai' siirrcss in the ntiicf towns.'
A nimiil'.riil ilaiHii, wlm i-i t!ii' cliirf nt this |M'ii|ilr, rcsnlvi'd
ti) surpass all nlhiTS in zi-al, ami ti> In' hiiiisril' um- nj' ihr
lirsl til Im'cimiu' a Chiistiaii. A ram'iT whirli had ratrii iiitn
his thi;,di, hiiviiiLr niiiliiicd him to tin' hrd, thr hathrr
altlxMi^li indis|Mi.si'd. >a\v him and ruiivrrti'd him tii iIm'
l*'aith III' whirli hi' will he a ^rrat siippnrt in his nuinliT,
sinri''iiid M'l'ins with this end in \i('W, to ha\i' In'iili'd him of
,1 disi'a whirli all thought to he iiicuraiilr.
A nil 111'^ thr man V Ilnrons who liavr ki'|il thrir i'aith dnniiL'
tlirir captiv it \ . thr l'"a!hii' iiii't witii a Woman who had pro-
>i'i\i'd till' /ral of a '^ond Christian, and from whom he
Icarnrd that dir llui'onsof the Islr of Orleans, contiiiiicd in
the practice of oiir iclit^ion with all their former devotion ;
and that one of them named .laeipies Otsiaoiiens. had aston-
ished hv his hirtitnde the Iroipiois who Imriied him, not
oniittiiiu' to repeat at length the usual praver.s and invokinff
without ceasing the name of Jesus during the whole of his
tort lire.'
1 Si'r iiiilr DM Si'iiuca ImMi-', p •'.').
.' At Ihr ilisprrwiiiii iif thr lliinni nntiiiii anil witli it thr niixsiiiiiH, a niinilirr foii^'ht
refuel' liiidir l''ri'iiih |ii(ili(liciii at t^iirhcr, iiTiil afliT a while wrrr rt'iiiini'il to the lulr
iif DrU'ann in tlii' viciiilly, who'c a ihiii-rh ami a furl won' liuilt ; aiul ihc ciiltivaliiin iif
llir coil n.iM: till' ri'fiit!ei'» an aiii|.!i' Bii|i|)i)it. (iiiiilfil by Kathi'ii- Lriinaril (iarii'aii and
ChanniDniil, two of their j-nrviviii;.' |iasti)r.-< in their iiw n coiinlry, thiy are naiil In have
lieeDine innilelH of piety anil <le\oliiin.
2r.
Til.- Iliin.lisnf Sl.Mi.'li.'.rl' .||,| ,|,,t ,n;niif..>t niiv Ir«s s|,_mis
"I' l-lrlV. licill- lill.Ml Witll jnv M S.vin^r .,„„(„ , .j f,|„,j,,
• It'jir pMsI-.M. .'.•u'li jiskiiiLr rnrlhwitli iil)snliiti,.ii fur liinis.'ll' ..r
l-apti-^ui fur his .•hihiivM. Kvni ih,. nM n,,.,, wh-, ,|,..|,is..,l
mrNK.'* T..WN«.-\VI„.n thrs,.,,..,.,,, „,.,.■ llrM k„„»„ -.,,|„. «l„t.-.,.,„l fr ,|„„
m.. up ... Ih.. Kn.nrh .v,,,,!!. „f 1.,., 11.. 1„ mimT, ,|,..j. |„.,i , ,,h„..|,,„1 ,..«„.
In 1.1(1. annnl,,,;,,,,.;,.!,,,,,,, ,|,„j. „„„. i,,,,,^ „, „,,• mii„l-,-. t«„ „r uhl.h , „.in,.,l
Hh„iHlr..,lr,,Mn,..,.rh,,h..u,h-,-«fr„.„r» .)• .„.l,lrt.v A.thU. .,.,r„|„|y ,„,. ,„„,
|.rohMhl, . ,r.... „f Mm. I,,r.,.,t «>.rn ..,„.|,„..,1 l,y .,„,,.. I„ l,i;r «h..„ M-i,...! I,v
(i. ■.■.. m Uh, .... Allmny trmkr, .l„.,v «..r npvl„« f„ur Mlhi^-.... „..„.. „f „|,l. I, »../.■
l;" ''•, ^f•■'l"""• ' 1"".^"- -t 1-n,. »l.h thr l,.r.... town. »„. ,. V, M.l,..
''■'"""■"""'' """'"' '"■"""vlll-'l., l«.Mr,ay,"il„..v J.. .h..|rlu,.„.l„M- ,■,.„
en v..,.r- 1.. .,r,l..r ... l.rl„;c li.....<..|u.K .,..,„■ M... «.,.„1,." TI.Uu, ■ |.,y ,r,„. „f
I... ,.r„.,. v,l,,„..,, |„„ ,„., ,„,„||..r „„..- ,„|,.ht ,„n.|, f„r,„..n.v v..:,r, .,r ,.„.r..
n...l.|« .1... tin.u ,.f tl... .)...,.l< Mi.Mn„, „„.„„.. .1,.. s..„..,. 1 „|,"„; |„sr t.,.. r.M.r
|.rl...'l|mls,ll,w. ...c ,111,.. r..l,..lv..|,„-l,l„„-l,„i|,,„..,|i„il,..(„ll„u|,„.,|l„.M,..M
.S.lN.NilNT.)|-AN.
..»l'..M.,.i.il,.i,.
T.iti.ul',,,,
(•AN.. A. II..)IU..I>.'
'•■i< ili»l...,
K.n.ll,..
o
.\r„/A,
M iiiili'
Sunt I,.
(Undaiiaii.i.
M. ..J
llAV.IIJI I.A.IAf;.
'I. Ml. I.arl.
Of (.AN.,A..A..o 1. \> kn.m., .■,.r.„i„ly ,,„.. ii, ,.;;; ,„„| „;,,: i, „■,.. on .1,.: t-r-a.
.r.M.nhnk'i. -„}, I. .„n.„l,„,l .„„. |„.,Mlr..,l ...„1 ilfty |„„„..., I,,..,,,..,! „„ „„. ,„,, „r „ „,„;„
« , I.'.',' ^n"^',"", " "";■""""""" '" ""■^' <■■'""••■'■ "-■'■i'-" i' "- in .. lar.. .l,.i., .."hour
^i , , ;," ',".:'"'',■'' "'"■' "'""-•"-"•'•> 1-v.. 1,..,.„ r„ I. .,.,..„• 1.. the.
v.; In,,, .,f ll,„..h„.n 11,11. l...,H,„v,ll,. f,„„„i «„„„ k|,M .,f u w„rk, „ , ,|„. hlli „.,r,h .,f
W...r „„.l »,„„.. ..V,. ,.„„., .,r,.n.in„ln.ll,.„ vlllau-., :,„v.. .....n fo,„„l .h-r.., :,.,f the
h.. am. ,.f Mr. n. ,„in. I„ ,hi. vi,.i„l,y, ,„ ,ii,r..r..„t l,„...„i,„„ hav.. h«on r.n.n.l ,.,„...
of ...|".rtant l.i.l.an vIllaLV,. Thl- (ia.iira.l.n alia- (;a,„l,,::ar., wa- th.' ''St
......H .,f ,lK. „,i^si„n:„i...-. ,1,.. , 'aiMtal „„.l r...i,lu,„.c. „f th.. ,hi..f ►a..h..,„ «|,„ ,,r..,l.|,.,l
'T th..i.'iaiiili..i,iiiiil».pr Ih.. l.lh.. '
(iAS.„„-..A..AK,th,. "sr. .Ml,.ha..l-.,r ,!,.. ,Mi „arl..s, ,„.„|,i..,i |„-l,Hii,ailv hv .„,
o.. hv l,..o h..,w,...„ „„. ,„„„, „f ,.a„a.„lal,„a «,„| Kas, Hl,„„„n..l,l ah„..t ,lv.. n.iu'
"""";,"" "' ^ '•""■• "I'l"'"^* '" i'"v« h.... ,. .1,.. „, ,1.1, villa.,.. ...h,.,. .„.., ;;,.:.
pn. lahly ,.n. „r in ,1,.. vi.ini.y „f ,1,. fh:,|,in far,,,. ,lir..,tlv -„utl, „f |).,„.,|„„„ ||-
tJa.i.cH " (jf 11
n.Mw„..aM,ern villa.^.. af,..r .h,.ir ,l..-,r,..-,i„n |„ i,;.s7 irra,l„ally .Irin.-.l ...,.i„ar,l
a...l «..,... f,„„„, ,. ,„„„„.,.,, ,,.a,. ,a,,, „, s van r „r...-...„ uL... 1 ,• 1 ! '
«er.. .«.. .„lU.H..a., .,r ,h..f..,., „rcn„a .i,„a l,..ku ; in ,r.V.„„ ,l,v White .S,„ |„ - far.n
t«.. .,„l,...-.,M.,h.,u..„. a.„l..„ l,„rr..|lV,.reek, f„„r ,nil.., s,„.,h.wv., of .;..„.... ; "in ,^V
at lh<. Old CaMle two !.iilf« i,.,rth\v..Ht of (i,.t,c.va
SoN.NONTo.-AN alias Totla.....,,, Tc.,'ar..hi,.«. th. •• Con.-,.|,tl.,n " of ,1,. ,„i..^,.,a,.i,.-
«u. located a. nil., a.,., a half N. N. NV. of l.oneoye Fall. i„ ,„. ,„un J M,.,,,! ,'.
2(1
spcritv IkuI hliiitlcu
iLt pleasau, :.s W..V the., f-its of ,ho ( ...,k.1, the 1 a
,va. n.v..rtlu>l..s nl,li.Mto a.Tnve h.n.sell <.f th<MU. ,.u»n,^
work callinu him dsowheiT. ' „ . ,.
O,, ,,s wav 0.ac'k to ()non.h.K.O h. h:..l an excellent opiKn-
luuit
V to ridicule a superstition ol tli
,. iiitidels, his ,uuule
II
„,,,. „,„u, ,.u,..i, ft. ""• i-":;;,";i;; ;;;:;;"";' ™ i:;!! "<, •<
ftrtftlo Oft ft"^. "iftl ."'..I' -">.^ ''' '" ' „ ,.,„ I,.,., f„r,u ft ft.ilft .vft-t i.f H.fti,-n)ft
nciullu'licul.if (•olH•>•u^<lako.-.I.S. I- ,,.„,,.„,«
Wl,iU..tM,lyin,'«i.h 1,1. »i>clc.a ,M■u■^t. 1. ■ a. '"^ J ,„, „, f,„e,l t,. roturn,
..i^ --.,u 1 .o „, B,.;.,no ,o ,u,. u. s.au. ^ ;;;';' ,^,^,;„„^^,, ^,,„,„ ,„ „.,
,,„,, ,,,,,,,,,,1 „>. . i,>l«r.m«^. < . Home. Afur .i .r . ^^ _^.,^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^
„,„,,„„,.v .KKTibcl, he ont.re,! .he N.cu..y ■ •';-;"' :,„,„,,.,;aov.„e,l hin-
.df ... UK. K.„.ly ,.f ,.«rfoo.u.n. WluU- n> h,s '"-'"^ • '" , / !' ^ , , „ „,o Cana.la
;:.'^""'^' ^r.:";r ;:;;u ; •' 1 X "i: i;':.;. -lu-o .. .... .., A...,-.ea.
e.e.l.. i.n„u.aia...y to .he ""- ''^^ ->; ,, ., ' r.,;!.. wUh ,.,. „any
""," ""'" :l, . f on K,>5 .o ir.rn. «he„ he ,va. a. On,..>.l,.,:a, an.l a nho,. May at
work. vvithi.>iai.i..i.al f;icts fnnii.hed by I)r. hhea.
I, sonjilit. It
I low true
adversity
ul liliiidi'd.
the Katlun-
111. jircssing
IK'iit ()i)|><)r-
;. his uuide
n':< villiii;c." It
11 hiMlll cif lli'"-
fiiniiini; a iii;lit
pnibiilily tlH! iiiui
WL's-t "f lIulK'dJO
ICC (if relics )mve
15s, mill liiiMclrcds
'Ills '."■Cilt villiiL'f
ihicx licncc comc-
itR (if tlio iircscnt
r lIiiMctye Kails.
,1 1 iriic town,
ipyi-.i-: f^cvcriil dif-
SlllliviUl fniiiul
11 lliinl sninll mu',
niUcd CiiAiMON-
■UH a wino dresser,
ed iissiiciiite lo rob
ic fciired to return,
iires, wliicli lie lias
jf May. l(i:i '. as the
•rted, devoted liiiii-
theii also a student
iicited tlie t'aiiada
ID scut to .\iiicrica.
, and with him pni-
ill lli.'id. visitim; the
ehee witli llic |iarty
.ealli, oil llie vjlst of
, and a shoit slay at
o/l/ie l'lli/"l .S/lllll:
: several sketches of
ly derived from this
li.'isini; prc.^fiilfil a hit df wikh] t,i cast hikhi twn imuihI
.-tiiiii's \vhic!i tlicy t'liriuiiitcictl 111' liic ji iiinir\-. siiiTi m m Inl
with the syiiihuls ot' a siipcistitimi of tliis |i('n|i|c wlm 111
|ias>iiiL; thi'ow a siiiaU stici< iiiaiii tiifS(> stdiics in idkcii ,it
ilirir hiiiiiaL;'!'. adihiiii' the wni'ds hmn' ,' (i<;!ct:niiim i\^ti(/iii,i/iif^
ihal is tn .-^ay : lluld I this is to pay my |iassatji' in m'dir that.
1 may ]inicc'cd with satrty. '
I cannot omit ihr death of l)a\id I-f A[oyni' which sh'-nld
seem [U'ccioiis in tlic eyes of Lt'ood men. as we hchcxc it to
have ht>en in the siirlit of (lod lie was a \'oiinL;' man from
I>ieli]u>. ■' a,L;ed ahout tliirty years, who.se zeal h'd him iohi!-
low the Father in this mission, beiiiL;- disposed hv a Lieini'al
eonfessioii. A liemorrhaue wliieli weakened his hodv hir
.some time, ihd not interrnpt for a moment liis enthn>iasm ;
and he (hed on the banks of Laku Tiuhrru (Cnyn:.va) with the
lientleiies.-, and resi^triiatioii of the eleet, blessinu' <iod for this,
that lie was permitted to (he in tlie hind of the Iroipiois. and
in t!ie work of spreadini:' the faith. Js not such a (h'ath an
ampk"i'eeompense for a hfe (h'voted to the salvation of sonls,
and a fitting illustration of the proteetiou of the Blessed \'ir-
'■ On his return to Onoiid:ij.'ii, ('haiiinoiiot was immediately si'in wiih Fallier Menard
tlie founder of the ('ayii<.'a mission, to the onuidas to open friendly relations with that
most olistinaleof the Iroquois trihes. Wiiile on their way. and the llrsi niijlil they npent
ni the woods, a chief in the company thus addressed the Fathers: ••Ah. my hrothers,
you are weary. What troahle you have to walk 011 the snow, on ice and in the wati'r I
But conrage 1 Let us not complain of the toil since we undertake it for so nohle a
cause. Ye doMiions who inhahit tin' woods, lieware of injurin;; any of those who com-
IKise this emhassy. And you Ireea laden with years, whom old a:,'e must soon h'vel lo
the earth suspend your fall ; envelop not in your ruin those who yo topriven; the ruin
of provinces and nations.' Uilufkoi Hi.");. Chap, xviii. p. 4ii. Thi.s is simiinr. both
in sentiment and ima.L'ery, to the opening sentences of the preliminary cereiinniy of the
Iroquois "Condolinj; eoiincil," which was convened to ni,,urn a deceased coiiiiciliir of
tlie I.eajrue. and install his successor. See '/'/«- Irm/iuiii Hook cf lilte". edited liy Ilora-
lic) Hale, M. A., I'liiladelphiu, ISN3 ; |ip. 117 111).
.■ .\ seiiport town of France, at the mouth of the river Aripies, and lakes iis name
from ••diep" an inlet, a place of considerable iinporlaiice as e.irlyasthe latli ci'utiiry
Durinj,' the Franco-Derman w.irit was occupied hy tlie lierm.iii!- from Uecemlier l.s;n
to July 1H"1.
28
gill toward whom this young man manifested a devotion that
was most remarkable?
The central mission at Onondaga was broken ii[) the fol-
lowing year (IGoT), on the discovery of a eonapiraey involv-
iiiL' the massacre of the French colony located at Ganentaa
Miid the death of the missionaries. The circumstances
attending the timely disclosure of the treacherous plot and
the manner of their escape, were fully narrated in the history
of the Cayuga Mission. ' Sullice it to say here, that a war
followed Ix'twecn the French and th(> Inxpiois which raged
for two years, when negotiations for peace were concluded at
Montreal, accompanied by the retpiest from the Iroquois
embassy that the sevei'al missions might Ite reestablished.
For this ]>ur!>osc. and not without misgivings on the part of
the French for his personal safety. Father Simon Le Moyne,
when on a visit to Onondaga in KioB, opened the way for tlie
lirst missions, returned with the emba.ssy, and arrived at the
Impiois capital the 12th of August, 16(50. He made a brief
visit to the Mohawks who had taken no jmrt in the overtures
f(U- peace, and maintained an im[ilacalile hostility to the
French, but without success, and barely escaped with his life
from the scene of his earlier labors, lie spent the autumn
and winter in nMssi>)nary work, largely among the Onondagas.
A notice (»f it occurs in the Relation of 1602, as follows :
"Behold h.erea mission of blood and lire, of labors and of
tear.«, of captives and of barbarians. It is a country where
the earth is still red with the blood of th.e French, where the
stakes yet stand covcre(l with their ashes: where tho.se who
have .-survived their cruelty, bear its fatal marks on their feet
and hands, their toes cut oil and their linger nails torn out,
and whert^ in tine Father Simon Le Moyne has been for a
year to soothe the sighs of this alllieted church, and to take
1 Fmtij (luiplnf r:f rni/m/n lliflvry, pp. 2'.i, 30.
29
votion that
UJ) tlio f. )1-
acy iiivolv-
.t Ganciitaa
cumstaiices
IS plot and
the liistory
, tliat a war
vliit'li raged
Diicliidod at
ic Irofiuois
established,
tlie part of
Le Mdyne,
way for tlie
rived at the
iiade a brief
10 overtures
ility to the
with his life
tlie aiitninii
Oiiondagas.
jllows :
djors and of
untry where
1, where the
■c those who
DU tlieir feet
ils torn out,
been for a
and to take
part like a good pastnr in :ill ih,' iiii.-.f(irliiiics .if his dear
tlnek.
"He was ehiclly nnjupicl during the winter with thivi>
eiiui'ehes, one Kreiieh, one lliiron and ( lrn,pi,H.-. H,.
pivsei'ved the piety among tin' French eaiilivi-;. and be-
eanit,' himself the s<i!e (K'pository nf all their alliietiun.- : he
re-established the Huron ehnivh, l'.>rinei'ly so llonrishin- in
their own I'oimti'y; lu' laid the foundation of the Iroipiois
ehmvli. going from place to plaee to baptize tin' cinldivn and
the dying, and to instruct those who. in the miiist of bai-ba.-
lism. wei'e not far from the kingijoiu of (idd.
"A little eha]>el formed ><\' lu'anciics ami hark \\a> the
sanctuary where (iod recciscd c\ci'y .lay the adoration of
those who eom posed tliesi'thi' •liurdies. Ilciv the I-'iviich
assembled each morning, half an hour licfoiv davlight, to assist
at the august saerilice of the mass; ami everv evenim; to
recite in eominoii the r(.>ary : and often too, duriiii;' tin' da\
to seek consolation from (io(| in then misfortunes, joining
their mangled haiidsand liftiiiL; them to llcaxfii, thev i-ravcd
for those who had thus mutilated them." ,
Owing to the continued hostilities of the ^b)hawks. it
was not until It'.Cb, that the missions were reiu'wed. when
all the eantons once more weleonied the missionarv l-'athers.
I For an MOi-oiint of Lc Moyiic's vUit to Ciiyui.-ii, m'c A:iiIu C/^.'/.f,,:- ./ Iw/in/,i //;«.
/iirij, p. -jri.
The missKui among tlic Seiitvas was ivsiuiu'il in 1<W)>^. liv
Fatiicr.laiiu's Fiviniii, wlio was in < )ni'ii(la!i:i in l(v)7. at the
breaking u]) of tlie lr(M|iuiis missions, as lefciTcd to in tlir
lircvious nnmlKT. His narrative oecnpiis (,'liaiiti'r IX of the
R.h\tint\ KiTH. and is as follows:
TlIK MISSION OF ST. MICII.\KI„ oK TSoN NoNTOfAN.
Onr lro(|nois missions made in the year li)()l> verv gi'ati-
fvinu' progress. We then l)egan to pi'eaeii the (iospcl at
nVdiinontotiiin, (Sencea), wliei'(> there is a ureati'r nnml)ei' nf
people t'.Kin in the other fonr eaiitons of the lower Iroipiois.
When I arrived here at ln> "Io.se of the year i(]()8, I was
well received : Imu a fatal form of sickness breaking out at
the time, desolaied the entiri' region, so that 1 was wdiolly
oecnpii'd in visiting the cabins to instruct and baptize the
sick, who were in e.xtremity. It pleased God to Ijle.ss my
hn!nbl(> laboi's, .so that in a short time. 1 bajitizetl more than
one inindred and twenty persons, nej'rly all adults, of whom
more than ninety dieii soon after baptism. I'Jnt as 1 was
alone and could not leave; the lie](h more than une humlred and
tifty died (without baptisnO in distri(;ts far removed from here,
while engagc'il in lishin^:' or hunting. A necessity so press-
ing impelled me to ask for assistance and beg Father (iai--
nier. who was at Onondaga, to cmne to my aid at the earliest
moment. I5ut ])y the time <M' his arrival tlie contagion h>d
ceased. Thus l)eing relieved from exclusive occupation with
the sick we began to proclaim the (iosjiel 1o the people who
;;i
1 1(!(58. In-
>;")7. ;if the
lo ill the
IX (if the
CAN'.
VL'i'v ui'ati-
(idspc! at
IIUlllluM' 111'
• Jr()(|it(iis.
)()8, 1 was
:iiig nut at,
as wliitllv
a)itizc the
IjIl'ss my
inoro than
, of wlioin
, as 1 was
iiKiiTi] and
from hore.
V so pi't'SS-
athcr (iai--
he earliest
tagioii Ird
atioii with
)eople wild
ha>i never heard tlie name of .IisusChi'ist : and in order to d,)
this with tlie ,uTeater sii< ss in dill'cr.Mit <hrfetioiis, l''ather
<'''ii''ii''i' took- chaivi' of the town named ( ian<hiehira'joii.'
whi'ie ill ;i short tiino hr hiiilt a \erv (•oiiim..dii ,ii< chaju'I to
which tiii'v Hock from all sides for instruction.
As for myself, 1,11 tiic 'i7tli of Sept. KiC.;*. I entered the
town called (iandoii'jarai',- and was received with every
demonstration of pirhiic jny. They had foi' s.iiiie time await-
ed with impatiei mv edmiim'. 'I'he town i.- eom]in~e,| of
the remnants of thi'ee (litiVrent nations which haviiiii' lieeii
snliiliied liy the Inxpiois. were forced to snlimit at tlie i1is-
eretioii (if their eniHiueroi's and to e-.tal)lisli themselves in
their territory. The lirst n:ition is called OnnuniidL'a : the
secoiirj tli,> Neuter and the third the Huron. ' The lirst two
liave seldom if ever seen l-jiroiieans, neither have tlicv heard
mention of the true (lod. As f,,r the third, they are a col-
lection from iiiaiiv lini'dn villaucs, all of whom iia\-e lieeii
inslnicteil in the l>'ai!li. and niaii\- of whom ha'l alreadv iieeii
I Si'r ScllccaTowii^. |i, •.-,.
-Il)(l.
■■' This w,is after {}>■■ Mil,ju-ann,i „r ilu. Ilimiiis. N.nlor- iiiid Kii.- ami | rev:,, lis to
that of (iaiiiiastOi.'iit.< ; whence the inference that the OnnontioL'as were a Irilie of the
Eries whose towns seem neve,- to have been visited iiy the Kreiich. "The t.Trilory of
the Iro.|iiois." says Mr. Hale ^ //w/mi.. ««,/■ „/■ l/i/., p,,, :i->, ;»,, •• ,.„nstai,tiv ,.Mei.clinL'.
as their united strensjlh made itself felt, hccanie the • (Jreal ■.syh.in - of the Indian liihes.
or Ilie corainered Kri.- and lliirons many hniidreds were ..M-eiv,.d and adopted bv their
con.inenirs. The Tuscaroras, expelled l.y the Kn-lish from North earolina. took r.'fnue
witli the Inxpiois and hecame Mi,, si.xth nation of the Lea-ue. l^'roni still further south
the Tntekies ami .Sapoides of Dakota .s|,,ck. after in,iny wars with the IriMpi.tis, Hell to
then, fr,,ni their other em.niies and f aind a cordial wele ,me. \ chief Htlll -[,< |„ ,|ie
council as a representative of the Tuleloes, thou-h the trihe itself has heeii swept away
hv dis,.ase or ahsorhed in the larirer nations. Many fra-ments of trih,-s of Alironkin
liiieaL'e-Delawares. Molu-ans. Mississa;;as-sou-ht the same hospitahle pndection
which never failed them," ..\i:aln , I pp. II."., !Hi. i: " Those whoMippo,.etha! the llnnmH
only survive in n few Wyandots. and that the Kries. Altiwamlaronks and .^ndastes have
ntterly perished are ,i:really mistaken. It is ahsohitHv certain that of the twelve tlions-
and Imlians who. now in the Inited States and Canada, preserve the Iroipiois name,
the tirealer portion diTivc their d..,s,.,.„t, in wlnde or in |.art. from those comim^red na-
tions. Xo other Indian ,.omm,iiiily. so far as we know, has pursued this ],olicy of in-
coriioration t,) aiiythin- near the -ame extent or carrieil it out with anvtliiiii.' I'ikc the
came hiiinanity."
l,;,l,ti/.c.l l>y our Fathers k'l'oiv tli;.t (loun^liinir niitlo,, was
(Icstrovc'l liv till' arms of the Iroiiiiois. '
Wliilo thrv wcivbuiMinu-iiu'arliai'rl. 1 iM'.iiaii vi/itiii-- tli.>
ral^iiis in onicr tu know tlie jn'opK., ;ni.l cliirllv to s.rk out
the >rattrir4 sli.v]. of th.' ancirnl .■linivl, of tlir Hurons, and
en.l.'avor to lead them hark to the fohl of Jesus Christ.
These li'ood people were overjoynl to see me ami hrar me
speak of the Faith. It was n..t possible to satisfv their .le-
^i,T in this re-ara. Some of tliem sai-l to me that it was not
',.„on-h to prav to (iod hut on.-c a dav. Others eomplaiur.l
tluit 1 spent too little tim.' in preaehin.^' of our LopI and
Paradise. Some of them even rei>roaehed mr with iKirtiahtv
in' that 1 hail pr.'h'rred others to th.Mn, as I did not visit them
as much as I did the others, indeed these po..r soids were
schun-rv and thirstv for ri-hteonsness smd their salvation,
that 1 had diiUeultv in peisuadin- them that as soon as the
diapel should be liuished, their -ond desires w.mld U- eom-
plclelv satistied.
xMy r.mnd of visits bein.L' tinislied. I found about forty
adult Cliristians who had prescrve.l faith and prayer, been kqft
f,,„nthe ..vnc.raldis..^oluteness of tlie eountry and were hvm-
,n all the' puritv of Christianity. AH the rest of the llurons
.ave proof of -ivat eau'erness for holy bai.t.sm; and 1 have
remarked in them an assiduity s.. exact and sueh ."onstauey
j„ praver. public an<l private, that I liave ^^n^at hope that
thev all will become devoted Christians. Shall not such
li.l.'.litv and eonsiaucv in the Faith in tluse.i uvineible Hu-
rons serve in the day of judgment to eondeinu the indolence
.^„a oorruptiou of ti.e Christians .^f Europe? These barba-
rians, who hiid just started into Christianity when the if)-
,,uois compelled them by force of arms to take part with
them, have nevertheless pre.<er\ed for this lonj; time tlieir
1 111 iiii'.i.
til 111 was
\Uu>j the
swk out
rolls, iiiiil
s Christ-
hciir me
their <le-
. was not
iiipiaiiir'l
lioT'l ami
IKirtiality
isit I hem
Dills were
salvation,
loii as the
1 lie eoiii-
loiit forty
heen kept
■ere liviii,!i
le 1 III rot is
11(1 1 have
ccnistaiiey
hope that
not sneli
eiV)le Ilu-
' indolence
cse Itafba-
n the li'o-
part with
time their
88
faith ill the mills! of tin' eoiTiiptioii of a p.'opl,' aliaiiiloin'ij
to all sorts of vice ami sii[MTsiitiou : ami scarcely were thev
imhunl with the principles of the (Hiiisiian rcli'jion, when
they Were transporte'l into the very home of (lisonler ami
ahoininations, ilestitiile at the same tinn' of pastors, ha viii,:^
neither preachers to fortify them in the I''ailli, imr confessors
to recoiii'ile them with IIimI, ho;- anv of the extern. il nieaits
with which Kurope is so amply provi'lcd. TImis i.) li\ !■ with
liilelity, in ]irayers aii'l iiiiioeeiu'e of inanm'rs, ami with an
anlor for their salvation e.jiial to that of ihe Ijrst Chrisiians,
is it not soinethiiiL:' that om^ht one il.ay to put to shame ihe
weakne.-s ami nnfaithfiilness of so maii\- ('atholics wlm cor-
rupt ami ilestroy themselves, in the possession uf all the
means of piety ami salvation?
As for till' ( )iimiiitioijas, 'rsonmiiitoiian> (."^eiiccas) ami Neu-
ters siin'c they have scarcely evei' seen Europeans or heji'ilnf
the i'aitli, it is a work to ahsorh all the /eal of the nii<si(iii-
ary, who will llml it no small lahor to enltivate a licM tiie
Kvil < )iie has possessed for so many aii'es. The chapel heiiiL;-
linisheil, the Iliirons caiiie to pray to (ioi| with ;:i'i,'at I'crvor.
1 said the holy mass io them, and they assisted with a rever-
ence and (k'votion which charmed me, and was pleasing- in
the sight of Jlcaven. .V venerable person scr\'ed me as
cateehist, and as he knew tin; prayers well, he proiKniiiced
them with an ele\ated and distinct voice, easily nnileistooii
and followed by all the others; and tins /.eal of the lliirons
extended even to their children. These little savaucs were
eager to ]>ersuade those of the other nations to aecoinpany
them to the eliapel and |)ray with them. This eompi'lled
their fathers and motliLi's to eome and sei.' what they were
doing, and, in some cases, to follow their e.xaiinile, to avoid
the shame of Ik ing outdone by them.
What I have most ailmired in those lliirons who have
for many years bei'ii Christians, is the open profession which
;i-i
tlicv aP'' a;'ciistniiii'.l to iiuilxo of tlicir faith, wliicli is more
ililiirtiltlhaii one can woll iiiia^Mui', anions!: a im'ii|iK' \v holly
iiitiili'l and liart>aroiis. without, hlushiiij.'' for the l:iisih'1, nor
carinLT foi- the insults ami ridicule nf ihc pauans : ami so well
convinceil were iiic other nations of tlieir constancy in the
Faith, that they ,i;'ive iheui no nther name tlian that oi l>e-
lii'vers, ami The l'"aithful : and such is the repuiatidii two of
them have ai'ijuireil in the entire reninn for virtue, that all
the |ieo|i|e I'evcre ihelll.
One of these oears the iiiuiK! of .lames Atondo and the
othei' Francis Ti-oroiddonLfo. The first e'iv(w himself almost
(•out in nail V to |iravci', and in his oi'dinary conversation speaks
onlv of (idd, alike to Christians and infidels. lie is very
exact in his dliservanee of all the eommandnu'iits ot (iod.
'• If von hut knew." he is vvont to say to them " what prayer
is and the power it has to make us happy, you woulu all
iir;iv ti) ( ioil without c(>asinL;'. ^ <iu are so careful in doiiLi'
all that voiu' dreams rcipiire: you span* neither feasts nor
presents, nor any cx[ieuse to render them pi'opitious and
secure through them .trood success in lishiuti-. in huntiu.u'. and
in war, and a lon^' life as well : Itnt nevertheless yon .see
plainlv that vou are involved in poverty and misery : that
sickness and the eueiiiy are every day takini:- many of you
out of the world. As for myseli', I pray to the Master of
Heaven and earth, and llu; Sovcreiiin Lord of our lives, ami
lie eivesnie strong- audi viu'orous lu'alth at an age very ad-
vanced. I catch ordinarily more tisli than you; 1 am, by His
graci', lielter oil' than mui are, and what overwhelms me with
joy is. that when I come to die, I liojie to he happy to all
eternity: and as for yo'\ otlu>rs. you will only exchaii.ui.' the
evils of this wretched life for torineuts and eternal tires."
The second named Francis Teoroiihioiigo who was formerly
the host of the late Father Le Moyne,' is an i)ld man of a^i-
I See iR-connt in lithdhn Wi'2, p. H.
;io
i.< \nnvo
:• \V 111 illy
Sprl. lllll'
1 <n well
•V ill the
lit of He-
ll two (if
■. tlmt ;dl
aii<! tlic
If aliniist
III s I leak's
is VlTV
1 1| ( li II 1.
it prayer
A-iiiilu all
ill iloiiu'
easts nor
mils aii^l
liiiu'. ami
vol I see
TV : that
ly of villi
blaster of
ives, ami
very ait-
1, liy His
me with
py to nil
laii.u'e the
ires. "
i'onnerly
laii of ap-
jii'oviil faith, ami lias not. passed a siiiLrJeday in tweiitvseven
year- without sayimr prayers. He h.as instnieteil his wife
ami ehiMivii ill the K.tith ami reared Ins eiitiic faiiiilv in
lioliiir<<. Now that he is iiitellijj-eiit iii our invslcries and
as lie IS familiar with the history of the New 'reslanieni, his
j^realesl pleasure is in diseoni>inm about, it to all iie merts,
both Christian and heathen, .so that, if tiie L'ospel had ne\-er
been piiblislird in this eoiinlry by the ini.ssioiiaries. he alone
had spoken (.•iioii-h of it, to justify the wavsof (iud eoiici'i'ii-
iiiLi human siihation.
lb' has said to me many tiiiifs, tliiil dnrim; the tweiitv
years he has been separated from our I'athers. he srarcelv
passed a day witliuiit e.arnestlv beseeeliiiiLi- our iiord the ^raee
that lie should not die before beiny eoiifessed and without
haviim- pi'eviously prayeil to (iod with some one of the mis-
sioiiarie.^. "Ah my (lod," he said, •' Thoii hast shown .so
.ureat indiil-i'iiee for me: Tlioii hast already ,l! ran ted nii' .so
many fa\drs, wilt Thou refuse mo thi.s that I now ask ? Shall
I be So unhappy as to die without boiiiu eoiifes.<ed? Ilast
Thoii ealled me to Christianity, only to leave me to linish m'v
life without partieipatin.u' in its holy mysteries'.' 'i'hr frailtv
ol man i~ so <^' real and his n.atiire so inclined to sin. that I
have slroiiL'' iv;ison to tremble as jjaiiltv befoi'e Thee, and de-
.servin;.^- death eternal. And what will it avail me to have
bi'cn b;ipii/.ed, to ii;ive prayed to Thee, if 1 am to br .-o
wretched as to lie linally damned ? Xo, no. mv Cod, 1 hope
for this favor of Thy mercy. Thou art all powi/rfiil : and
when Thou do.st will it. our Fathers will come to iusli'uet us.
and I trust in Thy pity, that I will not, end niv life without
the beiu'lit of reeeivinii' the saeranu.ait.s." I doubt, not th.at
]irayers so sacred may have eontri'xited niiieh to the cstab.
lishmeiit <if tnis mi.ssion. On learning of my arrival, the lirst
ihin;j- he said to mo was, " At last Cod has heard me. Con-
fess me."
8H
At !iiiiitiit'r time wlifii convcrsiiiii' with liiiii nf liis dccc'i^fil
|>aifiits. Ill' s;ii(| : " Why slmulil 1 n'grct thfin? My iiKitlicr
dii'il iiiiiiir'liati'ly afirr iccciv i n;^ liaptisin. Ahuost all iiiv
iii'ar rchilivcs liavr yirlih'il ihcir smils into ihr hainls of the
Fathi-rs who iiiivc made them Christiui;s. 'I'hfv arc all hapiiv
ill Paradise. I liopc soon to l'o ainl lind tlicni. Thf j^reatest
uiilia|i)iiiicss I have had in iiiy lile," he adilcil with a sIliIi.
" is that one of my cliildi'di died some \eai's since, wiilioiit
i)eiiiir iilile to confess his sins. He was ihiri\ years old. He
had livi'd liadly, and tlionuh I had taken pains to make him
a L^xxl man, he des|)i.se(l i'i|na!lv the law of (iod and the
warnini; of his father: and what allliets me sorely is thai he
died in this sad condition, without the opiiortunit v of licinu'
reeoncile(l \yith (iod by eonfession. I haveonly oiio child in
the world, and he is at present ont to war. If (iod di-pose
ot him. I shall haye Imt little Irouhle n nsolinL;- nnself,
since thou did'sl confess him jnsl hefoiv he went awav."'
This goes to show what ideas our sayaL'^es haye of Paradise
wliilc as yet they are not fully inslriieted in our mysteries.
I hapti/.ed the past year a young woman of the more dis-
tingiiished of .S'lieci, who died the day after lier liaplism.
The mother was iiieonsolahle at her loss, since our sa\a'jes
show extraordinary all'ection for their eliililren : and as I
was cndeayoring to calm her grief liy representing the inli-
nite hap[iiiu'ss her daughter was enjoying in Heaven, she
artlessly said :
•• Thou dost not understand. She was a mistto.ss here, and
had at her command more than twenty slaves who are still
with me. She never knew what it was to go to the forest
to liriiiii' wood or to the river to draw water.' She knows
' This [(nihahly Imd refcri'iici' I.) tliu villau'^' T.)tiiuti)ii iiortli-wi'st of IlmiiMiyc Kails
wlitTf tlio river \vii« not f.ir (listiint from tlie town. Tli s win I'i'^lit yciirH jjri'vions to
Or.'i'iiliii';,'!!'!' vi«lt in KlTi'. Willie resiiliii:; on the site Hoiith-west of the falls they proh-
alily olitaiiieil water from the sinull liniok llowiiii west of tlie vllla''e.— .1. S, ('.
;{;
ItlolllCI'
;ill my
s dl' the
1 liiiiiiiy
Lii'oati'st
!i sijjii.
k\itli(int
M. lie
ikc liim
nut the
th.'il lie
'liil.l III
(lisjiose
myself,
awiiv."
'iiriidisi'
• Ill' (lis-
laplisiii.
sa\!i;4L's
mI as I
lie inli-
c'li, she
M'f, and
arc still
e forest
• knows
eoyc Fulls
rovicms to
tlifv prob-
lintliin^' nlioiit lioiise-keepiii^r. Xow, I have no doiil.t thai
heiiij; for the |ireseiit the only oiio of our faniilv in I'ar
(idise, slio will have iini<'li troiilile to aceiisiom herself to
the rliaiij,'e, for she will he eom|ielle(l to (In her nwii ccok
in^. ^'<> for wood and water and provide with her own hand-
what sh(« neeils to eat and ilrink. in truth, is she not to hr
pitieil in having' no peisoii who is able to s<'rve hi'r in that
plaee'.' Thon seist here one of my slaves who is siik. 1
pray thee instrnrl her fully and show her the path In Heaven,
that she Ity no means miss tlu'way. I>nt that she inav lio and
lod>.^! with my dan;,diter !iiid relieve her of all the !ill"airs ..f
her household."
1 look advantai.a> of the oeeasion and of t he smi|ilieil \ if
this woman, to instruct the sick slave I spokr to her: I
found her disposed to listen to me; 1 e.\horled her: I in-
stnietod her: sin; opened lur eyes to the triilh and desired
of me liaptism, whieh I eoiild not. refns •, tliinkiii'^- her in iin-
me(|iale dantrer of death. IJnt (in| determineil otlierwisi'.
for in time her health was reston.'d ; and now she cMndnety
herself in all respeets as a W(»rtliy Christian.
After a while, as 1 .^onuht to instniet the mistres<--lie
having graiinally given np her low and gross notions ol
J'aradise— to enable her to form a more correct and wortliv
idea of supreme ha|ipiness, she assured me that there wa>
nothing in the world she was not willing to do to reach the
]ilace; that she was resolveil tu go iind join her (]augliter. tn
dwell with her in the same blessed sojourn : after which slie
remained faithful in ))rayer and a.ssiduous in the means of
instruction. She maiiifesied the same zeal in h;ivintf all
iter slaves instructed how to pray to (iod : and it may !)e saiil
that tlirough her alone, there were won to (iod more than
twenty persons.
During the six niontiis since I came here, I have baptized
twenty or twenty-five savages. There are besides, ten or
88
f.votvi- a.liilt.s wliu HIT pivpiin-.l t(. r.-.-eiw tliat .•iii.TMiiinif.
Owiiii' to til.' umisuiillv iiliiiiitlaiil harvest of walnut-* tins
vcar. till' jnv of till' pcKi.li' is so jfrcal. lliat i>nc sf.v^ -.cinivly
iiiivlliiii- lint -anii'S, (limce^and feasts wliirli lli.-; earrv even
to .jelani'li. althoii^'li they have n.. other Si'asonin- than lii.'
oil. ' l')iil what eonsoies nie in all these ilisMi-,lei< i-, that
i.nlv two of onr Christians have laeki-il the eonni-e i.. ivsist
the' soli<'itatii>iis of the soiverer, to make a eeriain «noer>ti-
tions hani|net \\\ which all who join th.' .lanee, ihr..w \u>\
nshos on tin' siek, thinkin- this In !»• a s.-veivien iv .Iv for
the .lisease.
The lroi|Uois, stfietl.v speak inu', liavi' hnt a sin-h- l»ivMnty
and that the i)ivani. 'I'hev remler it ahsolnte snKnn-i"n.
and fi.Ilow all its di'inands with sernpnlons exa •ines-. . he
Seneeas af<' nuieh more di^vote.l than the others, 'I'heir
reliuion. in this iv^avd. '/ofs to the last serni'l.', .-inee what-
ever thev snpliose is told them in tlie divain. they linld llieni-
selvL's al.solutelv lionnd \<> exeento as speedily as possihle.
Tho otlior nations ennlent themselves with ohservin'.' the
in,.re important dream< : Imt this people who are k.nked
upon as living nioiv reii-ionsly than tlx'ir nei-lil"Ms, llnnk
themselves uuiltv of a ^Tuatsiiiif they disro;^ard even one.
Thev think of tiothiniji' else; they talk of nolhin-- ei^e: all
their c'ahins an; full of thoir ilfeaiiis. The;, spare no lul.or
I ••TlH'.v imrcli tljiMrimt»niul ii.oni^ over tlie flre to tnkf iiway llicir riiiik nillnca»,
HhU'l. ufU'nv.inU iiru.-ml, yirld a milky li.iii. r, nml llu- iiii.rii- an an.lHT-n.l.iir.l oil.
hi tliese mini.'U'il t(i-<'tli.T. tlu-y <ll|i thc-ir nikc« at i;r.Ml ciiHTt.iiiimoit-. ami m) -ervu
tlii-miil)li>llu'irnm"'<*aHaMi'Xlra<ir(llM;iry.luinty."I,f(l,Trr'-l)is.-„u.riislii'W ;i'.p.-Jl.
•• lU-TTBKSi r.-TlK' kiTiiul is Iliick ami cily iiml "uu" •"■'■miiPH ramid ; licnci'. iloiiht-
lodi. are iIitIvimI tlir nami'H of I!mII>tiui1 and Oilnnt. Tlic«r mil.- ar,- rardy wlu In tti.'
mar'kef of Nf* Vork ami I'liiladrlidda. Tlu' Indian- who irdiahilnl llii-. ;-o-lon-.
noiimltMl and l.oik'd tUon. and s,.]ianilinu' tlio oily nnh-lancc wlml. e.w.,m upon iHr Mil-
face mixed it with their food." North American Sylvii, translated froai the French of
V ANM.iiKw .Mi.MAix-farH, INlii Vol. l,p. m. - Siiku.-IUkk Hi. kokv. -The In-
dian- who lnhal.it the »l.ores of I.ake Krie ami Lake Michi^-an. lay m. a -t.ne of these
nuts for the winter, a iiart of which th-y ponnd in wocmUm, mortars, and hoiluiL' Mie paste'
ill water, colled the oily mutter wideh >« ims npoii the surface, to sea-nii theirahim-ms
Ih. p. lH.-).-J. S. ('.
m
,ii' [i;nii- til iii;iiiil'''.-t their ilr\ uIidh. hipI lli"ir lolly mi tins
Xtlliji'cl Llni'S t'l till' l;l-l lili'iiJill'i' 111' cXi-i'S-i iliiau i Hillilc (illi'
.ir.Miii.- tlili in;.' tin' iiiulit lii:i! lie li;i-i iKillM'.iiiiiii-rlf : ii|hmi
\vlii<'li 111' I'isi's iiiiinrdiati'ly. wliolly iiaki'd. o.ii's tn a iiiiiiilur
(if I'Mliiii"". ill i-ai'h III" \vlii''li III' iiiaki's tlif iiiiiiatts tlii'nw umt
|ii< ImhIv a ki'Itli' lull iif '.vatcr. Ihiwcvit tmI.! it iiia;> 1h',
AimiIIh'I' wImi ili-raiiicii liial In' was taken (M|iI ivi' ni' liuriini
alive, eaiiseil li m>elf t>i lielhiiiiiil the h illnwinu' ila\, al'tei' the
iiianner uf a prisoner to lie liuiiieij, |iersiiailiii,<4 liiiiisell' tliat
havini: ill this wiiv siitis|iei| liis ilreiim, his liilelity wmilil
!i\ert I'loiii him liie paiii ainl infamy nf eaiitivitv i>r ileatli.
whii'h otherwise it Inul heeii rescale.l hy lii< iliviiiiiy he
should sillier atiioii;^ his I'liemies.
There ai'e some wlio liave lieen as far as (^tiii'liee. ami trav-
eleil one humlred and fifty leagues to have a i\"'j: whieli tlii'V
hail di-eanied llieveould pnrehase thei'e. It iseasy froiii this
to indue in what peril we are every day aiiioii'.'' ;i people who
would tomaliaw!< ns in eold lilood. if they dreamed they
oneht to do this. Since it is a little tliiirj that uives olVeiici'
to a sava'jc. it is eas\' for his imaLiiiiatioii miee exeited. to
represent to him in a di'eam that ht^ should take veiiLteaiice
on liim who had caused tlie oU'euec^ \V(' appear to ourselves
as vietims liahle to l)e taken anv moment to 'orture; and
since one is mai'le to die a hundred lillle•^ hy the ever ]ire,-eiit
ima'jc of ileath, we esteem oiii'sclves liippy in a|iproacliiii.L:
so near to martyrdom.
The inlidel women. Kv inclinatiou natural to the sex, are
the iiioi'c devotcil ill oliscrvinu' their dri'.ams, and followiiiL'
the eoimnands of this idol. It is true that, the worslii|i which
this people render, would rather p!i.ss l\)r a superstition than
ii form of idolatry, as they neither pay adoration to the dream
nor oll'er it any sacritiee. They ari' contidciit from a eeilain
infallililc experience, that whatever tliey dream and fail to
execute, it alwavs I'oiiu's liai-k to (hem in some misfortune,
40
iiivsttM'ionslv ox)ii'osse(l in tlio dreniii. 1 linve roinarkod at
the same time, that tlie greater ]»art of tliese savages are 'at
less pains to obey their dreams whih" in liealtli, but the mo-
ment tlicv have the sliglitest aihnent, th(>y are persuaded
that there is no sueh sovereign remedy for tlieir liealing, and
to save their hfe. as to do all they have dreamed. The sor-
cerers, who an; the same as ju'iests of tlieir divinity, eontri-
l)iite not a lilllf to establish them in this superstition, sineo,
thcv are ahvavs called in to explain the dream : and, since
they i<no\v adnnrably well how to turn it to their prolit. they
live and enrich themselves of this jioor people, who, so soon
as thcv ai'c sick, s]iaiv nothing in doing whatever the sorcerer
declares the drram ordains.'
This is the greatest obstacle to the spread of the Faith
among the.se people ; and it is not too much to say that it is
the one stumbling block to the Christian ; since as to drunk-
1 FtitlUM- (If Cai'lilol. who, wlicn niiiDii'^ tliij C.iyii'^iH. ^:lvi! tliis ^'^lll,i••^•t of ilri'iiins jinr.
tionliir iiltomion. iiiiil scciiH to liiivu bocii mori' than iisnully siicccssfiil in convinciiii; the
Indian minil of tlic iili.-nrdity of yiclilinu' tlicm implicit ohi^liencc, writi'S : " I liavf oar
ni'<lly Ciinnatud thsir snpcr-titions, |):iniiMilai-ly tin; divine aiitliority tlioy nitnbntt,' to
dreams, which may lie caid t!) he the Ibundalio!) of all their errors, as it is the sonl of
their ivli'4ioii. I havi; neverlhelesa recoi;iiized two thiiiL's In my elTorts to eoml)at if
I'Mrst, that it is nut properly thedre.mi that tliey worship as th? master of their life, hiit
a certain one of the jienii they ciiU Ai,Mtkoachoria, who they helieve speak to tlu i in
8lee|) anrl comnianil them to ohey implicitly tlieir dreams. The prin<'ipnl one of these
spirits is Taronhiaona'.'on (I'pliolder of the lieavens ) whom Ihey reco;,'nize as a divinity
and ohey as the supreme ma-ter of their life; and wlien tlu'y speak of a dream as divine,
they only mean, that it i^ throiiiih it they know the will of (iod and what is iiecessary
for the preservation of thei'-life: and furtherim)re that the actual (loin;;of the thiii'.'s
ihey had seen in a dream, contrihntes to promote their health and happiness. They also,
sometimes give the name of the master of their life to theohject^of their dreams, as for
example to the skin of a bear or to similar thinsrs which they have seen in their sleep ;
and because they rejiard them as ch'inns to which God has attached tlie good fortune of a
loni: life. Thns they take special care to preserve them with this view, and when they
are sick cover themselves with them or place them near their persons as a defence
aL'aiiist the attacks of disease. The second tliini; I have recoj;nized in combatint; the
4ibedieiiee they render to their dreams, is tlnit they are not able to nntlerstand how the
sonl acts durinc sleep, in thns reiiresentin.u lo them objects distant and absent, as if near
and present. They persna<le themselves that the sonl (piits the body dnrins,' sleep, and
that it L'oes of itself in search of the tnim,'s dreamed and to the places where they see
them ; and it returns into the body toward tlie end of the ni.iiht, when all dreams are
dissiraled." See AVi//;/ Chiijitn-not' Ciujiiija Ilhtury, pp. .')!. .").">.
Mimrkod at
ages iuv'iii
ut tilt' mo-
])orsua(lc(l
.'iiliiig, ami
The s..r-
ity, c'oiitri-
itioii. since
ami, since
|)rolit. tliey
lid, SI) soon
,lie sorcerer
tjie Faith
ly that it is
s to (Iruiik-
of ilreiims iinr.
1 oi)nvini-ini;tlu'
s ; " I Imvc car
ley altnbiit(,' to
it i« till' siinl iif
ts to coml)at if
>f tlu'ir lifi', liii(
jieak to 111. 1 in
)iil one (if lliesc
ize as a iliviiiitj'
Ireani ns divine,
liat is iieceRsary
ns; of llic tliiiif;s
less. They also,
r ilienins, as for
in tlieir sieep ;
(lod fortune of a
, and when they
ills as a defenf
1 conihatint; the
erstand how the
hsent, as if near
nrinj,' sleep, niul
where they sec
I all dreams are
41
entiCfS, strongly as tliey are adilieted to it, iievcrtlieless, the
women ami old men do not abandon themselves to excess.
One is thus enabled to lioiic that tlieir example and the zeal
of the missionaries, may moderate the (le|H)riment of the
young warriors who breathe only for lilood and brandv.
For the overthrow of this siipeislitioii of the dream. I hate
loiind no method more ellicaeious, than to make them sec
clearly and by way of inference, that the faithfnlness of anv
number of people whom they know to have carried out the
observance of their dreams, has neither saveil them from death
or cajitivity, nor from destruction itself of their entire nation,
'riiis coiisidiM'atioii has served me, in this ci'untrv, to uiide-
eeive and open the eyes (if many, ilins leading them to dcti-st
the whole thing, both the siiiierstitioii of the dream and the
i)ad faith of the sorcerer.
Nevertheless, in gereral. we mav sa\-, that there is nothing
more ellicaeious to attract the Iroipiois to the ]''aith. tli;iii to
subdue their pride by the might of arms : and bv as much
as they fear those of the I'Veiicli, will they lessen the ol)sta-
eles to their conversion.
(iodhashis elect not only among the Inxpiois wher,. he
has ills missionaries, but he jiermits them to go forth carrv-
iiig war to regions most distant, and bring back captives to
introduce them into the sacred liliei'ty of thechildren of God
and tlieiic(> to Paradise, from the jiri.sons and lires of the Iro-
(piois. 'Julius we are leil to adore from dav to dav the hidden
and mysterious ways of Divine Pnn-idenee toward liis elect.
Two captives of the Gandastojjue having been brought
here to be burned, according to the custom, the first being
so well instructed and giving all the marks of u saintlv dis-
position to receive baptism, 1 conferred it, and after fifteen
hours of terrible torture which he er.dured with true Chris-
tian resignation, he left the earth to go to Heaven. The
other at the first, was unwilling to listen to me, and ha,ving
42
rej)Lillt;<l me iiuuiv times, I was at leuirth romiielled lo leave
him, tliat at liis leisure he mi.i^lit rellert on what. I said to him
of iieaveii ami hell : l)Ut in a sliort time he ealleil me to him
of his own ai'eonl, savinir that it was all Liood, and tiiat he
wished tt) obey (Jod and he save<l. 1 hapti/.ed him on ^ivin^;
liiiii tlie nceessai'V instruction, after which it was manifest
that faith was truly wrou<ilit in his heart. He was taken
immediately to the place of toi'tnrc. and from the happy mo-
ment of his conversion to his latest hi-eath, he sanii' all tlie
time, with a courage invincihle— " Bnrii my liody to yotir
heart's content: tear it in ]iieces: this loitMre will soon lie
over, after which 1 ,l;o to heaven : I ,l;o to hcaxcn there to
he clcrnallv happv." I Ic pi'ononnced these words with sneh
faith and so Lireal fervor, that one of our L^dod Christians who
witnessed the linrnin,:!'. and who did not know that 1 had
instructed and hapti/.cd him, said to those standimj' hv :
••'I'liis captive has truly the Faith : it must ecrtainly 1m- that
he has hecn instructdl li\- soiuc one of mir [''atlicrs. who is at
< iiinda-^toLlUe
Thus it is that (ioil -ath'.''s his clecL from all parts of iln'
World. A woman who had lieeii taken prisouei' from a e.iun-
trv far distant, .-ome (la\- after hi'i' arrival here, was sei/.ed
with a daiiLifrous malady. 1 repaireil immediately to the
e;iliiii where she wa.s to endeavor to insti'uct her: hni she
eou'.d not understan'.l me. as 1 was iiziiorant of the laneuanc
of lu'i' (.'ounlrv, and it was not, pos.-ihle to lind any one to a<'t
as inter[ireler. 1 saw nevcrthek'ss that she w;is rapidly sink-
iiitf, and that she was ahoyt to enter the tinal aii'oiiy. Ki'om
that moment mv heart was cut with uricf at sceiuL'' tiie loss
ot' a poor soul whii'h <iod had hrou^ht to the vi'rv threshold
of I'arailise, JA'avini:- the caliin, wholly penetrated witliaih'c-
tion and .sorrow, 1 took myself to prayer and comnientlcd to
(iod the salvation of this soul with all the fervor of which \
was capable: 1 employed at this .-ame p.iint the merit of the
4:>,
I l() k'uvc
ill to IlilH
ic to him
(1 that lie
i>ii ^ivin^l
iiianit'cst
.•as taki'M
appy iiii>-
ii<f all the
• to voiir
II Sooll III'
I thi'rr to
with sin-h
tians who
lat 1 hail
iliiiii' I'V :
iy Ih' that
who is at
Ills of ilir
III a i-oiiii-
was si'i/.cil
•Iy to till-
• : Init shi'
• la'iiLiuai!!'
one to ai't
liilly siiik-
W. i'Voiil
IIL!' till' loss
thrcslioM
with ailVc-
iiicniU'il to
111' which 1
ii'i'it of the
Holy \'ir:^iii of all lilt! saints. At last, having' I'oi' a Ioii.l'- tiuii'
iiivoki'il till' coiiipassioii of oil!' Ij.ii'il ill lichalf of this woman,
I was sti'oii'jiy iiirliiii'il to rrtiirn to her caliin ami n'roiniuit
her ti I her l;ooi1 Aii'jrI.
Si-aii'i'ly ha.il 1 iloiu'tlit! oiit> ami the othi'i-, wlini I saw m-
Irr two vvoiiicii whom I iliil not know, anil who wen ii,.t ,if
till' town whciv j ri'siilr: thr one aiiil then tin' oiIht ap-
|iroai-lii'il iii'ar tlif sirk oiir ami LiiviiiL:' her iiianv rarcssi-. a<-
snrril lur that thry wen' roiiu' to coiisoli' hrr ami that tln'v
woiilil liy no mrans Iravr ln'i'. A nii'i'tintj- so ha|i|iv. -o im-
lookril joi'. lii'i'atly surjirisi'd ini', .-im'c | rui;|i| not lint think'
that this meant tiiat (iod had sent two .Xiilii'Is from llraM'n
to iiistnici ami liaptizt' this poor woman. I ihrn a>ki'il if
they were williiiL;' to ser\e me as interpreters, to |iroeiiiv for
the siek person, alioni to expire, eternal happiness. Thev
lioth oilVri'il tlii'm<elves to remler this 'jooil o!lici.. I ,.x.
pl.aineil to her the mysteries of ,,\\v Kaitii : tinv repratfil ;i!l
my worils in her laiiLiuaL'e. with plainness ami also siirh
niietion as enli-liteiieil the spirit of the sick one ami at the
same time tonrheil her heart. I wa- ileiiLihlcil with the zeal
ami h'l'Vor wit!; whieii eacli of these l;ooi| catcdiists lalored
forth" instrnctioii ofiais hiiviurn'r. 'I'he\- exhorted iicr and
pressed her to ipiickly open \[i'\- o\r< to the truth, siiiec she
had Imt a verv short time to live.
They pointed her to the open liea\'ell leadv to reeeiee \\fV.
Not eomeiit with faithfully inti'rpretiiiL'- mv woi'ds, tiii \-
ai|il','d. themselves. inoti\es and re;i<nns. which at la^1 eom-
pclled this poor woman, who was sc.-ircelv .-dile to speal^. to
make a linal elVort for her salvation, ."^he then eansd me
to approach her lied and .irave me to perceive that (Iod ilini-
self had instructed lior, iiiid that. He had in tlii< short time
wrought in her "reat things, j haplized her as ipiicklv as
possihle, seeiiiL:' her so well disposed, and in some moments
aftei-, she expired to go and possess in heaven eternal ,L:lor\-.
44
Is not tliis a miracle of the .Ln-aco of dod ( And should
w.' not he tlin<'e lini-py that lli> is so willin.L,' to serve llirn-
solf of us. as the instniiaeut of His luercv?
(1 should
rvo llini-
IV.
TiiiToiicliisidii of l''alli('i' l-Vt'iiiin's ii;iri';iti\-(', ilisclnsrs -miic
lit the more serious ohsticlcs riiciiiiiitcrrd hv ihc inissioiKirics
111 tlii'ir work, aihl at llic saiiif time Liivts a vivid pit ,i'i' of
lroi|iiois life and iiiaiiiicrs iiion' than two (•cntiirics ai^o. The
lirii'f rcrcrcia'c to the Cayiiua iiiission. recalls the lali^rs of
the devoted and ucnille Mer.ard. its founder in IdoT. who
lour year.- after, lost his life aiuoiiu the hu'ests which iior-
ilered i,ake Suiierioi-, while on his wav t.> |iiaiit tin' cross
aniouLT the savaire trihes of that distant region. a> he was
among the first to do on the iiaid^s of our own ("avniia.'
i KatlhT I!e\e MknaiiI). «1i(i wa^^ Imni in !iiO|. h.id bi-pii in Kniih'r lanfcsMir I.i Mad-
aiiic Daillilidiil. line cif lln- fimmliTS of MonircM! ; hiii iif lii« pii'Vinii* liislory «!■ know
iiolliiiif;. IIiMaiiic lo Canada in till' h^poaiMi', h hiili ^aili'd fmni Dli'iipi' on tni' \.'f,lli nf
Marr li, KiiM, and, aftiT inMii;.' ii)iii|iidli'il to |Mit liark liy »liirni«. rcarhi'd (^iiehcr in .Inly.
AfliT lifiiiiriliiTrtor ipf tlic ri>iilini's. lie wa-< -ciil to llic I!nn>ii coiinln', ami siirfcrdcd
liayinbaiit a^ missionary of iho AL'oiKiuins, NipissiiiL's, and Atontratas On llw fall of
the lliirons lie was slalioniMl at 'riircr liiviTs until May liir.ii. when lir arcoinpaniid llic
rrrnili I'vpi'ditioii to Onondaya, and from Ihcnii' aciomiianii'cl rhaiinionot to tlif Cay-
iiijas in An:;nst of tlii' sanu' year. He reniained for two months, when he was nealled
lo ()nonda;.'a, Init soon after reliuiied and remained until the missions were l)roken un
ill II).")? : after wliieli he returned to Three Ulvers, and remained there iinlil he wan
cliosen ill Aii^'ust KKiO to siicieed (iarrean In an atli'iiipt to heiiin missions iinioni: the
Western Aljiompiiii trilies. He set out with a llolilla of Indians .ind after •.-real siilTer-
inn reached Lake SiipiTior and foiinile 1 the mission of St. 'I'eresa anion;; the Ottawas
at Keweenaw Hay, Oct. l.'i. He labored here dnrini.' the winter and was phiniiiiiL' a mis-
sion niiioiii; the Dakotas, when his services were iir^'ently solicited liy a tiand of Hiirons
then at the source of the IJlack river, a hraiicli of the Mississippi, Hi' set out for their
villasfe In July IH-il, and perished of famine or liy an Indian liaiid, near the source of tlie
Wisconsin in Lake Vieiix Desert In the early part of AuLTiist liiili. Kor the place of lilg
dentil, which has been much debuted, we inlopt the theory of Kev. K. .lacker, -.vhii to
rt dose 8tu()y of the data, add* a personal kuowl idj<e of Indian life mid their trials in
Wisconsin and MiciilKnii.
46
•n,,. iKirnmvc (-r Filth. ■!• Kivmin (rhap. IX /'<hilmn. 1C.7<»I
i- c.iiK'luilcil as follows :
I'vlniv liiii.-hiii.n lliis Urhilion coiiccnnii,- our lnM|ii,Hs mis
sioii-. I will uivc hero in tlic form oi a journal, wliat ivmains
to l.fsaiil of tin' coiiililioii m wliidi tlicy arc at pivscnl, ami
of wliat has occurrcil this year.
As thtTc wciv uo mon' sirk iu 'rsoiiuoutoiiaii, 1 started on
■a jonrnoy to Onomlaga, where the mis-ionaries of this eoun
try meet to eoulVr to.iiether on the methods of laliorin.i:- more
elllei.Millv Uv the salvati.m of these people, and of overeom-
iii'j tiie numerous olistaeles in the way of their conversion.'
1 It-o „c,nrrol,li:.l.lnnnL'tlical.-oio.of Fallu-r Kmnin Ml ll,.: misHuimry oM.nnl
l,..l,l i„ omm.l.ro. I.MSallr, ill oompany vvilli l«,) pricstK ,.f ih.' Sulpilian onlrr, M.
Dollio- ^U. ea«s,m and lU'.K ,!■ liUl.an .!>. Ualin.^., vi.itol lli« Snircas in fnrlh.raiir.. .,f
l,i-ll,-l rMM'clili"" to pn.-coif Lis .li.o.vfri.- towanl U.e MisM-^Mppi. The pailv
l,u,.l.'dal In.n.loiiK.it Hav, tlif iR'areni point l.y wator to Hi., piln.ipal villaL'.' ..I Son
„ont.M,an. ,li..aMt al.ouMw.M.ty n.il.s. tiu- fnth of An;;.,.!, the vory .lay that Katli...
Fr.-n.in arrivr,! at I'ayn-u ..n Lis way t.. Onn..la-a. an.l so.nr llvo or si.x .lay. affr 1...
lia,l l.'ft tl... SiM.oca villaj-e. La Si.ll.. and Lis .■..mpanioiis w.mt ..s,„rt.-(l from tL.' Ljn.l
in.' plao. Ly a lar-,. .•on...anv of In.lians to IL.. villa-.', wLer..tL..y aniv.d on tL..t«..lftL
„r°\n'n^t,an.l «LI.L is ,lfs.nL...I in the journal ..ftL- i..'cpi..liti..n "as a cilU'eUon ..f
cahihs .,nT..un,l...l uitl. palisa.les twrlvror Ihirt...... f... ' \ h.mn.l t..-elher at the t..p
an.l s.ipp.irte.l at the Laso, Lehin.l the palisa.l.s, Ly laryc .asses of wo...l of the heitfhl
.)f a man Tl... ....rtains ar.. not olln'rwis.. Ilanki'il l.nt form a simpl.. enelosnre, l.er-
focllv -piare, so that the.se forts ai-e not any prolu.tion. ' .\t the eo,.,., il hel.l the ne.M
,l.,y n,,. srrvanl ..f l''all.e.- Kreniin a.te.l as interprel.r, an.l presents were e.xehan-e.l.
L'l SHlle re.piesioi tha' a.apti.e from tL.' .■oi.ntry ..f the Toa-enLas (prol.al.ly th.'
omonau'annha alsocalle.l Maso.ntins, nation ..f the Prairie. an,l Nation ..f I'-i.e, at t.us
time lo.'ate.l in thesoi.the.n part of present Wi-.-onsin. Lelween Lake Mi.liiu'an an.l th..
Mississippi, mi-ht 1.,. -iven Lim as a ;:ni.le to eondnet tlie uxp.'.liti.m t.. tliat people
This-nevi.romi.se.l to .to as soon as the y..nn^' men. vvL., were away trading with the
Dntd, t.;who.n they .i.rrie.l all their raplivcs. shoul.l return, whieli w.mld i.ruLal.ly be
in ten ..r twelve .lays. In the nwanwhil.- 1. .pianlity ..f Dal.h Lnuidy was Lroii^jLt to
the villa-... foU.iwed, as usual by a drunken .lehaiul . whieh La Salle and his asso-
elates w^ere threatened with .leath ; an.l a Toa-.'iiha ..^itive whom tliey desired for a
-aide was put lo tlie m..sl en...| t..rlnr.. ..f six Lours' .luration. when his bo.ly was cut
?o pi.'ee- an.l prepared f..r the feast. Thus the visit ..f l.a Salle to th.. Senecas resulted
in disapi.nintment, an.l hy tl... detenti.m he h.st tLe m,.st favoral.le season for traveling-.
Ih.. esiMdilLMi roaeLed no fartlier than tin- m.mth of (i.aiid river ,)ii the norlliern side
of I ak.. l.;rie Tli..r« they were overtaken Ly f.ie winter and made their camp in the
,i,.i.'LlM,riii.' woods, where th.'y remained until the followin<; sprint;, when I)e l'ass..ii
■ni.Uialince went west, La Salle havin- r..|urn...l I.. Montreal the iirevl.Mis autumn.
Il Inis Leen allef.-ed that Vather Kremin left Tsonnontouau for Ononda-a at this par-
ti,.nl-.r lime, to a...id actiii- as interpreter I.. La Salle and the Sulpitians, or aidinj; the
I
47
Tin lotli of Aii<.nist. IfJdO, I liud tlio li!i|)|)ini'ss to ciiihraee
Kallii'i- til" (,'.ii'lu'il at ( >io;ioii(Mi (('ayiin-a), rrom wliciicc I wrote
to till' o'Imts of o:ir l''atliiM's, wlio are amoiiu^ tin' Iro piois. to
ass'Miililr at ( )iinii(I;iL;',i till' last of tlii' iiioiitli, wIhtc we woiiM
iiirrt tliciii. I li;iil the leisure in liic iiie;iii\vliile. to tarrv
sotiic (lavs at tliis mission, where I was wil iiess of the faith
ami eoiiraLic of the curlier ( 'iiristiaiis whom the late l'"ather
Meuai'il hail, himself, huptizeil ; manv even of the inliilels
thrnwcUcs, h;el- not foiyotteu the ]iravers whieh hi' IkuI
taULrht them. Iiiiii'eilall in this rerenlchiiri'li, L;a\'i' lUf ver\'
ufeat consolation ainl stronti; hope of the conversion of the
entire country. Father ile Carheil is Lii'catlv liclovcil. No
oi pposes the l'"aith. Many of the sachems come to prav
to <ioil ill his httle chapel. He has uin Icrtaki'ii another,
which IS to he much lai'Li'er ami more c, iinnioilii ms, am I which
will lie ci.mplctci! in a couple of montlis. 1 think that then
llic\' will come in ereat mimliers to worship ( ioil. It is |{em'.
olijfct iif llicir ('iiU'i|iii-c. Hut llu'ii' i< 111! cvlili'iiii' lli.il lii' h:\> iii.;illcil nf i|[c|r cuiii
iiiu'. miic'.i I. ^ lliMl ill" a»!'istami; was dc-ircd. Iiidfctl Ihc iiarriiiivi' of (luliiiri' \vim!il
Hei'iii Id ilispii'c Df Ihr wlnili' slorv ii" an nccr tliiiiii'lil, ISprakiiiL' (if tlii' cuiiiicil lirlil
(111 Ihuir arriviil at IIk' SriircatinMi. hi' says ; ■■ Wlu'ii \vc saw llic a^.Tinlily liiri;i' ciMiiiL'h
«(' lii'L'an Id talk <>( liiisiii(s>, and ilnii it was ilial Mr. ilc la Sullr avowcil thai lir «a«
mil aliK' III iiiakr liiniscir iiiidrrsliiixl." 'I'lii' iiifi'iniii' here i» 111. li, Ijis Siilplllaii com.
paiiiiiii-' ha 1 liiTii led li> Mi|v|)i>se I. a Siille eapalile (if coiiviThiiii; \\ illi the SenecaK. and
only when it e iiiie In llie pnlnl. was it discovered lliat he Odiild iiiil. Iliit more than
this. Tlie niirralive eiintinni- ; "On the other liand, my interpreter caw lliat lie did
not know I-'rcneh w.-li eniniith lo make liiiiiself well iiiider.slood liy ii*. henee wedeeiiieil
It more e\pe(lient lo make use of I''alher l''reiiiiii's man to make our speeeh and lo
report lo i|s what the Indian.^ niiirlit say ; and in fail llie inatler wa.s so transacted It
is to li.' reiii'irke 1 liial Katlier I''reniin was not then at his mission station, lint liad i;one
;i few days liefore to ()n(iiida:.'a to attend a nieeliii;; to he held of all tlie iiiissionaries
sc.ittered amoiii; tile l'"ive Iroiiuois luitlons. There was only Kather l'"remin's i.ian
there who served as an interpreter." It appears then, that Dollier de ( 'a-soii had ail in
lerpreler also, who hriike down, and that then they applied lo [•atlier Freiiiin's maii. a
doniie cir mission aid. who aelii illy did all they iei|iiired.
Tliire is no hint in the whole narrative of dissatisfaction willi Kreiniii's man, or of
any reluctance onhispirt to serve them. In fad, the iinpressioii from the ..loleis,
that tliey('aine prepared, entirely indepeiideii' (.f the missionary, hut when I,a Salle
and Itollier de Casson's iiiler|iieter. lioth admitti.'d their inahilily, ihey were Ihankfu! lo
olitaiii the services of .finin's iiiaii. I'arkinaii. in his L<i Saltt, Ac., (IHHili p. 14, com-
pared with his DUcor.rij (>l Ihf llrmt IIV.>7 (ISIi'.hp. |:i, coinpletely rejects the chttifre of
\a Salle aL'ainst the tlesiiita.
4S
liis iissdciuto, who is Ix^th the iuvlnti'i'l .iiul litiiMiT. It will
ill 111) ivspcct rrsi'iiil)l(' the fahiiis of the savairi-N, cxcriit in its
I'Dvci-inu' of l)ark. In all other partiriilai'S it will ri'smiM.' a
hoiisf such as tlu'V l)uihl in France. liehiml tlie altai' he has
eonlrive;! to make n small room. Kvei'v one in the whole
town s|)eal<s of the skill of Rene. Ileilispeiises various me(l-
ieinos which he pfeiiares, hiniseli', on the spot ; he dresses all
kimls of wonmls ami heals them : he treats all the sii'k.
Manv Cayn.^as .saiil tome, that l)Ut for him they svould have
(lied. One cannot believe to what i-.xtcnt, he is loved hy
these .sivatres. Would that it miuht ploasi" (iod that each of
our mis.-ions hail a man hl<e Inn: I
The 'idlh of Auiiiist, Father dc Carheil' and mvself. ar-
iKatlicr Stki'iikn dk Caiuik.u. wu" lorn ;it ViiMinc. Ndvi'iiiIut 'Jii, 1(1);). lie ciilcrcil
IliL' SiM'irly (if .Icwns, Aic'iisl 30, ID.V,'. iinil anhcil in Caiiiiilu. Aii^.'ii.'^t (I. KiiKi. lie \Mi»
xi'iil to till' Cnyuija .Missinn in I(i(i-<. wIumt lii' rmiainril until His 1, at tin.' liioaliinL' up
of till' Iroiiniiiri Mission, when hi' «a< driven frani the eanliin liy Orelianiic ami Sara-
iiiia. the two pnneipal ehiefs of the tiilie. lie thi'ii liLraine eonnceleil with the Ollaw.i
Mission, where he lahoreil until early in the next eentiiry. eharlevni.x, who caw him
ill IT;.'!, at the ai;e of .'■s, descrilies him as then '-rull of viL'or anil viviielty." He liail
sacrillcc'l the i.'reatest talents which ran ilo honor to a man of his profession, and in
hopes of a fate liUe that of many of his lirelhren, who had hedewed Canadii with their
hlood. Ill' hail emplovi'd a kind of violence with his superiors to olitiiin a mission w hose
ohsciirity sheltered him from all aniliiticai. and olVereil him only crosses. There he
lahored iintiriliL:ly for more than sixty yeiirs. He spoke Huron and Iroipiois with as
miieli ease and elei;ance as his native toiii.'iii'. and wrote treatises In both these Ian
jIiniKeH. Kreiich and Indians concurred In ri-Lrardin^' him as a saint and (.'eiiliis of the
highest order. It was tliroui.'li the liilliienee of de Carlieil that the faiiiiais Huron
Chief, Kondiaront. (omnionly known as •• The Hat," was converted to Christianity, and
wlio, (himself an eNtraordinary man.) was accustomed to say that there weie lint two
Krenchnieii of talent in all Canada. theCoiinl ile Krontenac and Father de Carhell. The
Indian name of this Father was Aondechcte. He eaily impres.sed the ('ayii«as with
his coiiraL'e liy aetini,' as a sentinel on a certain occasion when a niiiior that a party of
Andastes. their most dreaded I'lieinles. were near at hand, had tilled tlie town with
alarm, and when he accomiiaiiieil their warriors to repel the e.'ipected attack. In ITOJ,
and while stationed at MIcliilimacimic. lie liore a prominent part In what is known an
"The IJrandy liuarrel." in resistim; with his personal intliieiice and the power of the
pen, what he sijles liii his letter to the French Intendant: "the deplorable and infii-
moiis tratllc in hraiiily, " which he declares jms been friiilfiil only " of disorders, bru-
tality, violence, scorn ami insult." amonj; the Indians, till it had become impossible to
maintain the missions, and nothing remained " but to abandon them to brandy sellers
as a domain of drnnkemiess and deliauchery ." Father de Carlieil died at (iuebi'c In
July, 17J(). at the advanced a^'e of in years. For a more extended skeleli of this ut-
comiillslnd missionary, see Etnly rlunittinof Cdijuyu l/it-loii/, pp. TH 81.
49
It will
;ir-
rivnl i.t Oiioii.lii-iii. where in waiting for Katlier I'.nivas wli.>
is iit Oneida, and Father I'lerron who is at M..hawi<. I ha.l
time to consider the allairs of nnv e;,rly mission; and all
appeared in the same state it was when wi- left it. in the veai'
Ifi.-.S, except that the ( )noiHla<.'as were -reativ hnmiliate.l
sh.irtlv ai'ter l.v the ( iandastouiu:, as nearly all their hraves
iiad heen slain in the war. 'i'hey spoke to ns with great am
llcness. and in all respects were more traetahle than lu'lore.
There IS a ehnreh ot' early Cin'istians which nnnd.ers ahont
forty who live l)e<'onnngly. Many present themselves for
instrnction. (laraeontie is onr trm- friend. That Prince and
Orator visited me with all the eonrte.sy imaginal.lc and did
lor ns many kindnesses.
The 2tith of Angiist, Father Hruyas' and I'icrron arrived,
and we had the consolation of seeing onr entire nnmlier (six)-
I FuMi.T J A.iiK^ Huiv.v.-, w,is ,1 nntivr c.f LyoiiH, nriivnl ■■! (^m.Imm , Au-ui-t m W,i)
■"' '""■ mil <.r .July, ..f 111., fcllowini; voir, set mil f„r Ih- Mohuwk ((lunnv iiihl
ihoio- Ml S,.|.loiilMT f„r Oiifi.lii. IlMvini; l„.,Mi ai.i..)iiil,.,l cliicf „f „11 H,,. I,„',,„„i«
""''"""'• i" '"'I '"■ "''ii'- 1 "> 'I"' M"liiuvks. 11,. was ,ini„ii:; tl,,. Soiccas in li;7:i. hut
icliinir.l U< Ihc Mulmvvks iiml roiiiiiiKMl iImtc iiniil smctimI,.,! I.v l-'iitluT Kniiicis Vaillaiil
al Ti..nn(inl,)iiiioi, in h;;-!. In ir,K4 lie war< in cliaiw ut ll». mis. ,t ih,, Saiill SI
Lmiis. „i, tl„. M. I.:nvroi.v. and in Uisr accompanied tlic [•'ivncli .-xpnlilicm airain-t llio
Scnccas under Iicnnnvill... lie was a-ain al Ilie Saiill in aim. and in KlM l.ecame snpe-
run (if Ins „rder in Caiinda ami retained liii,- p(,siii(,n iinlil 1700. In IWHi the Onc.nda-as
lieiiiL' desin.iis lo cm.hide a peace, visiicl Mxiilreal and invited ■•'allicr liniya-. t.)
leliirn as .\n,liassad( r willi lliem, liiil Iheir roinest was refused unlil tliev w.iiild cm-
elude a Irealy al Miaitreal. and in llie fall iif that year he was sent with Mai(,r l.a Val-
liere with the kiiifi's letter anniiiincin!; the terminali.m c,f h,,slilities helweeii Kni-land
and Frame. (/.„ Ihth.n,, IV. i:)l,) In the siininier nf KIR) th,. Irnrpuiis renewed Iheir
rcpiest and Father liruyas proceeded to Ononda-a (/,r( l'i<ll,^,i>; IV. HS.i where he ar-
rived in .Miunst and returned the month followin- with a deleyatnm llial e<ui<laded a
linal i.eaee helweeii the French an.l Five Nalimis which lasted for in. .re than .".il years
He vi.siie.l Onomlaj;a a„ain in duly iroi on public affairs, and acted as inlerpreter to lli«
Iro(|iiois at thet-rand ralillcalion of peace in .Xu-nst IoHowIul'. Iiv all ilie Indians (/,i
Pi,(h,,i,: IV.-,Mi.i lli.s death look place anmni; the Iro(|uoisin 1712." He was the lest au-
thority of liii< day as a pliilolofr.st „f the .Mohawk laiiL'ua-e. and compiled several works
III that dialect. (His Rucinen .\;/„i,'r,.'< puhlisiied hy Dr. Shea as niimlier X of hi- lin-
XUistlcs.)
■ Includinj! Fathers Gamier and Milet at Onondaga, whose names are not .'ive.i in the
le.xl. Father IMerron was transfBrred the followins; year from the Mohawk lo the
Seneca Mission and Uarnier accompanied Fremin on his return to the Senecas Father
PiEHRE Mii.ET arrived in Canada in I«(i7, and was sent the followinj,' year to Onondaga
61)
1,,._r..tlii'r tM (ii'lilMTiitc <ni all iiiattt-rs. <liiriii<,^ llif sis ilays we
wriv cnuiiuvd iu coiiciTtiii^' nifasuivs iionifiil tn the success
of our missions, ami for ovcivoiuiu.u' the olistadcs whicii lii;i-
(Icr the pro.Liivss of the Kailh in liie <'ountrv "I the Irtxpiois.
As we Wire about to separate, jo au li-oijuois luessenuer ol
Monsieur, tiie (loveriior. arrived there from Montreal, witii
lielts of \vatni)um. ami K>tters from your Ueverenee ami Irom
|'"athei' Chaumonot, l>y winch we were ailvisol tli.it tlie
French liail mas>acreil. near Moiilreal. .seven Ouci.his witli
.,,,' of ilie nio-t tlistiuL'uislieil of the Senecas. This news
iroilneeil ;i terrible e.\.'itt;nieul tlii-ouuiiout tlie nation. .\
nediiitelv to (Iclilicrale on what IkkI h'cu
we were summoueil to lie present. I lie
deputy coldly rchearsr.l the whole allair. lie was hold to
clKiuueoM his own responsil.ility, the belts, taking the more
hcautiful one of live tiiousaml heads, all lilack. which he ;ic-
cordc'l to tin.- nation ami only -avc to the Sciiccas that wliicli
■hhmI. lint llie letter of Fatner riiaumo-
thesi' matters : and we ;ill strcnu-
ed him t<i act
( iaracontic haviicj
om
council wiis helii imi
done, and at wd'^ 'h
was the least estecni(
not hail infoi-med us of al
onslv oppo.sed him in this, and at, last coinpe
in strict accordance with his instructions.
i-om Seneca uave to him the l>clt which
to him : " it is too far for me to
met. in the town, one
was for tliat nation, sayin,u'
wliflT iR' iviovoi thf iimiif ..f Tcli.irnnlii.i-iiiilir.i, m llic lo.iU.r up lo luavvli, llr «m>
ivniovol a. omi.1.1 ill ai;i ami liihon-.l il.or unlit July mi. "lien h.' l.'fl and joined l)r
1,1 li„n,- nn l.iik.. SI. Francis, Ann. 1. M tlie le.inest of Ilie Maroni.- ile KenonvUle. lie
in l(!H."i. wliere lie aeted a- imerprcler in lliH" ;
was ai.).oiiiIe(l Cliaplain to K.nt Kroiit, iiae in )(i«... where lie aeien a- iM,er,Me,e, „. ...n, .
Mi,d ill aw siiceeedeil ile I/iinlierv ilie as Chaplain of Ilie fort M Nia-aia, lie lelnined
loToiI Kronlenae in aiS'.t, and lieiiiy lured ontside the palisade.s to attend a dymi.' In
diiin was taken prisoner l>y tlie Oneidas and liis life sa-.ed liy adoption into an Oneida
family Itnrini: Ids eaplivitv tlic Kn-lish made many elToils. tUoii-h in vaiii, to -et luin
in llieir p.mer, f.ir wliieli purpose (iovernor Fletelier sent Direk Wessels lo oneiila.
He WIS ...lopted inl.i tlie Iril.e liy u Clirisiian a-orander, Susan (i.menta-ramli. and re-
eeived tlie name of Olassete. that of the leadiiiL' saelieni of the llrst or Turtle Inaneh .d
the irilie. Father Milet e..iitiiiued in thiseapaeity until the fall of Hiiliwheii he returned
toQnehee. lie askeil to he returned ayuin as missionary to those Indians, tint the
aspeet of the times did not permit it. CliarlevoiN who was in Camula from 1705 lo IVvV
live,l several years with Milet and speaks of him in terms of lii;:h esteem. Katlier
y.ilet died at (Jileliee. Dee. :il, 1708.
51
< (lays we
lu' SUCI'CSS
vliii'li hi;i-
Ir. >i|ii()is.
ssciiiifr III'
[rivil, witli
ami IViiiii
tliat thf
'idas will I
riiis iii'ws
latinii. A
t hail U'i'ii
;rnt. TUr
as lioM l<>
;■ tilt" llliirc
lii'li lit' ai'
that wliic'ii
r ( 'hauiiiH-
all sti'fim-
him t<) act
itii' haviiiL!
holl whirl I
I' fof me In
4:i\(M, lie wii>
t and juiiu'd l)i'
• KlMKIllVilll.', Ill'
iTprilci- 111 1118";
11, lie riMiiriii'il
li'iid a d\ ins; I"-
mill an Oneida
vain, tciu'el Idni
s.'-els t<i iineida.
laL'iandi, and re-
rnrlle liianeli (d
I lien lie returned
Indians, tint tlie
fmni iron 111 \7ii
esteem, Kather
,•.■■() iiiyscir l{r|iri'S('iit till. II t'. thy saclioiiis tin' vi.j.'i' ami
'''■^il'<' "f Oi till." A< t.i the hell ilcsiLMini f,,r tln-sc nf
Oiii'iila, he said that siiir.' tliry wniilil slii.rtlv <-iimi' t.. (► i
''■'i-'i '" li"''l ii .ui'iiiTal ci.iinril, hi- wi.iiM imiki> knuwn \n
thiMii thr will III' Om.iitiii. Witliniit doiiht a .-iii-lf all'aii- nf
this iialiifc is niosl, mifortiiiititc. ami is riioiiL;|i tu ivkimlli'
war lictwccii the Iroijuois ami French.
S.-aivcly !i;id the council liiiishcil its l)iisiiic>,<. when thciv
was heard thrmi'^ii th.. t,,\vn. tl ry of an < )iicida. who had
loitiinately escaped fruiii the liamls of a lroo|, of warrioi's of
the nation of the Xex I'erees. At this cry. they rrasseiidiled
ill council, to listen to the ndiearsal of the adventure. '• Wc
were. ' he said, •• live in one '..and. We were returning' \icto-
nous with two prisoners, of 'roiiaL;aniih;i : l.iit iinfo, tunatelv
eneoiintcrinii' a coiii|.:ii:y of warriid's of the nation of the Nez
I'erccs, we were defeated, my four comi-ades haviiitr I.een
slain, or taken to;,^'etliei- with our tw aptives: I alone inn
e,<c;i|iel fr,,m the comhjit.' Consider well the matter in dis-
pute and how it shculd roiise to veii,t:eiuice a pe..plu so lierce
and indomit.al.le ;is are the Iroipioi.<." We did i,ol letu'ii
what action w;is taken oii the snlijcct. Wli.at I am al.le to
a,-siire yon i,<. that we are, liy thc'jraceof (i,.(|, prep;iivd for
any event, airordimj- as it shall please Ilim to dispo,<e of ii,<,
and that we est(>ein onisclves too happv to he ahle to oiler
oiir lives a sacrilice to Him.
'I'akiiiLrourdep.artnre from ()iiond;iL;;i, we arrived on the7tli
of Sej.teinher, at (Jaiidachiora^on ;' ami, as we were pas.^inu
throii,uli (ianda,ti-aiv>.^ a drunken .savage .seized F.ither Cir-
nier with (.ne hand and rai.^ed the other at two diireivnt times
to .stal. him with a knife: l.iit fortunately, a woman happened
near eiioiiLdi to this harliarian, to wrest the knife fr,.m his
I'lUmlNoHen''' ''"''''''■"'''' "'^""' l""\'"''ly "' "»^ ronauannlni to the Nez I'er.e.- <,r
' See Seneca Tiiwni-, p. 2.",, " ibid.
52
liiiiiil, iiml ]>ri'v<'iiU''l liiiii fiimi ciin-viii'j- fiiilli<T liis liriiltil
ili'>i;iii. I r.iiiKi not lull iiilniiri" in this fncMimti'i', tin- lirm
iicss iui<l si.'lt'-|"issi's.-«ion of the Kalhcr \vli>> du\ mil luMiiiy iIk-
l.'iisl ^il:ll «'f fi'iir.
Thivr .lavs aflfi- (lur arrival, he took fliai'<:«' of ilu- mission
..I' (iaiulachioiaj-on,' w\h'W then' an- thn-c or' lour Cliristian.-
who liavf niadf open jirofosioii (,!' their iaith. lie iias oiilv
the chaiyt' of a sin.ulc town, at Ica.-t for tli.' pivsmt yrar, in
onlcr that hr iiiav ha\«' linir to ai'.|uiiv iiii>iv ]ici-hTtly ih.'
hiiiiiHa'jv of the coiiiitrv, alul make for huasrlf rules aii'l a
dictionary, that he may instruct the others: Ik e 1 am
..lih'jcl to take ;'are of the llirec otlier towns.
'I'lic tweutvsc\eiith of .^.•[itcmhcr, as I was al'out to Icavi'.
to assume charge of the nnssioii of St. Michael. I was tak<'ii
ill. ami eompelleil t,M rcmam for several days until the vio
leucc of the attack was passeil.
After the lirst of Sciitcmlicr. the youth of tla' jilace, ac-
c.nliu'j to the custom, start for the .ipeii cMimiry: and tiic
rest of the inhabitants who are ahle to endure tlu' f.itiL'iic- ..l
Ihi- war or the chase, f.illow soon after. Of the latter thcr-
are alw.ut live hundred capalile of war, di\ idcd mto many
hands who all uo a-amsL the 'ronii,i:annha. and lour or live
hundred to hunt the Leaver, which they lake in the directi.Mi
of the country of the llnrons. The latter take their women
and ciiildrcn with them, so that there remain only a small
nnmlicr of old peoivle. 1 learn that it is the same at ( ioi,.-
goiien.antl that they. also, divide ihem.selve.'i into hunters and
warriors. This is very deplorahle, tus the result is that num
hers from these nations die withont baptism, as these expe-
ditions are attended with the loss of many people, and what
urieves me is thai we are not able to remedv the evil. But
(i,.d who knows His elect does not iVil to furnish them the
1 8oo Senna Tnwiis, p. viS.
6»
Ills linitiil
', tin- linn
lii'tray iIp'
lit" iiii.xsiuii
• ('liristi;iii>
Ic IlIlS (llllv
rllt Vr;ir. Ill
i-rtVctly til.'
rules iiii'l ;i
ii'iH'c I am
III t'l \i'.\\ '
I was tak'i'M
it'll till' Vio
I' jilai'c, ■,{'•■
•V : and tiif
■ l',ili'_'iii'~ 111
laltci- lluT"
iiitd many
I'luir ui' livi'
he ilirci'lii'ii
lirir WDiiu'ii
(iilv a small
iiiH' at ( i'li"-
liunti'i's ami
s that uum-
; iIk'sc cxpL'-
Ic, ami wliut
ovil. But
ish tluMU the
lav.)ial)li' ..pimrtiinity to j/aiii Parmiisi'. W'c aiv nftm hin^
• liM-t'd liv Hiicli al.s.'iircs ami cxiM'ilitioMS c.niii.iMh h> ihcs..
I !'''•• '''"'I' l:il'Mnii;j h.r tlirir iiistnictioii with lii.' >ii s-i
w.- .••Mild (Icsiiv. The -ivjitri' |,art of tlmsr who ImImm- i,.
III.' towns wh-Tc we wciv cstaMislicd. aiv away fithcr at the
war or thr cliasc, luiic iiioiiths out of tlicyrar: and I'or a
iiioiitli pivvioiis to their drpartiiiv, the youth are aeeustoi |
toal.aiidoiithems.'lves to excess iii driiikin-. till lli.'v l,iv,,mr
filfi«Mis: so that exeO|iliii-r the old peopl.. and the wommi
who are not addieted to sm-li <lisorders. it is next to impo^.
'il'lr to lind op|iortuiiity to speak to them.
The Seneca arrived Ky wav of Oiioiida-a. in eliari;'e (,f the
licit of wampum, whi.'h ( )ii,,ntio scut to the Seiiecas, in the
tiiiitter <!!' the death of .uic of their warriors, who was slam
l.y the Kreiich. 'VUr helt was received \ mIi a liinrked eoi.l-
iie.ss. and ;i!tlioii-h the exemplary puiiis, iiient which Mon-
■-"■'"' 'li'' "'"Vi' ■ inllic'cd upon the assav-ins. led ilicm t,,
•■'l'l"'"\''' "'' 'lis ( duct :M,d applaud his jii>ticc, j tJiink-, ,|,.v.
'•rtheless. that thev would hav.- heeu u h lietter satislii'd
with ten liclts of wampum than with the death of three
Krenchmeu, since they woiild not lie disposed to render the
same jiistiiH' in situilar cireuiiii-taiiee.s. Tiiey (lee!;ire. h,,\v-
ever, that they are content with this satisfaction; and I ,\,,
Hot think they will dare to carry their resentment farther.
ii"i' attempt aiiythinu' atiains! the Kreiieh.
The 27tli of Scptemlier, as 1 thought my.self sullicicntiv
recovered from my illness. I .m^t out on the joiiriiey, !<• take
fluirge of the mi.ssiou of St. Michael in the town e;illed (Jan-
dagarae.' (Mir hravo Christiati, I'lancis Tdioronhiongo, met
me iind eoiidiicted mc to one of the lin(!r cabins of the town,
that of a person of consideration although an unheliever.
who.se authoritA gave mc protection agaiii.st the insolence of
the dnmkard.s.
The third of .Xoveiuher, which was the Sunday after the
' Si'C Seiucii TowiiH, p. M.
1
54
Kestivul of All Saints, the .'iKipel l>cmg in onlcr. 1 invitcil
nil (,ur savaiTfs to come there to pray to God and lie present
at tlie Mass, whieh 1 was to say early in the niornin-. 'I'he
,.hap. ! l)ein^• full of pe.iple, I he-an my exhortation l.v tlr-
,.|;innL^ the ohjeet of my eomin.L!', and accordingly begged
them to open their eyes to the truth, to recogni/e the God of
heaven anil earth, to put away everything that was displeas-
iim to llim. and hy their consistent iidelity, ren.ler them-
selves worthy of eternal happiness. 1 hope of the goodness
of God, that His grace will dispose their minds to relish the
truth of Christianity, and undeceive their vain snperstition.
b.vide drunkenness aiui the dream which are the two olista-
( ;c-s to the Faith among the liotpiois.
Father Garnier continues to laljor liravelv in the town ot
Gaudachioragou. God serves Himself of him for the con-
version of some souls toward whom His compassion has been
cxtraordinarv. More than twenty persons, happily, having
heen baptized, .lied most Christian hke. Hut it is evi.lenf
that suirerinus are tlie lot of the apostolic missi.uiary, and
t,li:,t or, must Liivc himself up to the providence of (h'd,
iahop-.g hard, and leading a life which may be called one
/•.n.'inuai i'eath.
Thr mi, "ionarv labors of Father Fremiu in Xew York,
closo with the fo.'.'-oing narrative, he having been transferred
to important .-erv,je in the vicmiiy of .Montreal.'
1 FatluT .Fames Fukmin iinivrd in Caim.b in W>r,. He ,uTonn'm,k.,l Halilon to On
,„ula.'aiu LMiiaml roMainnl there ...,til tlu. bvaklnj; .,,. of tl>,. n.i.sions ia .Man- 1,.
l.nr'wastlu.nfov ^^yo years at Misca ; next year at TlMve Itivors an.l Cape .le la
Maaelelne. In ItTO lie was assi-.-nod to ll,e Cayn.-a M.sM.n,, Imt di.l n..t .erve aia
next year was seal to the Mohawks. Near the elos,. of Kids he ylMte.l the Senecas ami
resided at Sonaontoaan and renniined then, nntil the arriyal of Farther Oanuer ,., the
followins; year, when 1... eh.a.ed his resi,le.,ee to (ianda.arae. the soath-eastern c,f he
^eneea Mlla-es, lahorin,- in that yiUa.'e an,l (iandatzaro tt.Uil UuO. when he was reeal led
,,ul assi.n.ed to the mi->i.m of St. Francis Xavler, then located at l.a Prairie. Ihis
li;;ii, and in lliT'.l he yisited France in it^
aiission was removed to the Saalt St. Limis in li;;ii , ,,, ,,.,.,
hehalf. lie was airai.i in Canada in liiS-', and .lied at l,inel,ec on the -Jiuh of .Inly, in.'-.
■, 1 iiivitcil
bo |ires('nt
niii'j. 'I'lii'
lion l>v ili'-
"■Iv bcuue'tl
^ .7 >- • -
tlio (i(k1 <>i'
as (lisjiloas-
IkUt tllflil-
R! uoodiiess
() i-clisli the
nperstitiiiii.
' two ol)sta-
tlic town 111'
or tlie con-
;)ii has been
lilv. liaviiig
, is evident
;iouarv, ainl
ice of (iimI,
.' calleil (Jiie
Xew ^'l)^ls-.
1 iraiislV'ri'eil
ioil Dalilon to On-
is.-ioiis in Miircli.
" unci ('apt' ik' hi
id licit nM-vc anil
il till' SoiU'C'iis and
liiT (iariiicr in tin'
ntli-eastirn if tin-
'11 lie was ri'calk'd
l.a Prairie. Tlii"
sited Krimce in il>
iluilKif .Inly, li«i-,'.
I'lii' la>l c'iiaptcr I'cMii'hi.lccI the accinint >>< tlie missimi fur
the year ICdU when Father Kiviiiin wasealldi to the resilience
I'! St. I'Vaiieis Xaviei' i))i|ic.~ite .Nb.ntival. leaviiiLj- l-'ather
<iarnier in snk' eharui; of tlie Seiieea .Mi^sicm. 'I'he I'.ilicw.
iiiii' narrative I'cir tiie sncet'edine- year i< e.Mitaiiied in Ciiapter
\. of I'riiiliini lt)71 : Seeoiid part.
Ahlioiiiili the iiaticiii of the Si'iieea mav i.e nmre rude aial
sa\;i-e. ha\iiio- less iiitereciirse with the Kreneh. and hirlher
from the rei|iiisite disposition to eiiiiiraee tin' l-'aitli. iie\ crllie-
less oil r l''at hers who ha\-e laliored in their missions h.rtjie
past two yea.rs. liavc foMinl there elioiee soiils: and l''ather
(iarniei' wlioat [iresent has the t'litire eiiai'-cof them, rcpiots
a.'^sistaiiee in the hope that these [leoide who are more immer-
oils than all the other lroi|nois, may at len-tli be ta'iied, and
,iiive excellent scopi' to the xeai of the missionaries whom it
may plea.-e (bnl to send anioiiL;- them. 'I'he little that he
sends its is wi'll adapted to touch and attract hearts tilled
with the Holy .Si)irit. The miracles of grace wrought there,
give us to see that the hand of God is not shortened ; more
than one hundred and ten baptized this vear, are manifest
1 The plnee was cir-l-iiially den-iied as a resort for the missionary l''alliei's,to wliieli they
nii-ht retire iiMlK'ir animal retreat.s or in ease of sickness : hnt it had already become
:i nii.ssioii lioine wliere converts from the several Iid,,nois cantons nii-ht take refie-e frcnii
the constant persecntioii of their own kindred, ami also from the had example and cm--
ruplin- inllneiico of tlieir I'a-an coiintrymeii who were l.eeoiniii- iinn-c and more
deliaiiched by their inlerconrse with New York traders. The new villa-e increased
rapidly, and in IiiU, had its or-ani/ed -overninent with permanent Cliristian instilntioiis
5fi
ino.-fs of this. ;i> well :is tlH> lorvor ami (•oiimgc of soiiu' souls
of lilt' fleet.
An oldChiistiun iKUucl Kraiu-is 'relioronliiotiiroof the lirst,
of ihe church of St. Michael, distiii.Lniisheil for his eiuiucnt
virtue ami for tlie authority lie has aci|uire(l over those of liis
own nation (lluroiis), havinii" recently lost by death an inti-
mate friend, a f/ood and very virtuous Christian, very sud-
denly, was so inijn-essed l>y the circumstance of the import-
ance of dyin^;- well, and the necessity of liein.ir ready at any
moment to make the passage on which depends eternal hap-
piness or misery, that ho is not aMe to divert ids thouuhls.
Such was the efTeet of this grace upon him, that from that
time h(> formed the ri'solution. which he has inviolably \<cy\.
to debar himself from all feasts where he saw any appearance
of superstition or of sin : and as the time approached when
the intid(d savages course througli the towns for the aeeom-
plishment of their dreams, he nuide public proclamation in
the towns of St. Michael and St. .lames, that no juM-.-on should
approach him or any of his rchitives t.> satisfy his dream,
since he liad done with this ceremony, and renounced these
tliiniz'sat his liaptism : and as he di.l not recognize in a dream
anvthing divine, so he would neither render worship to his
own dream or the divams of otiiers.
One of the sachems of the town for whom that people have
great respect, and desire to please, ajiproaching him in the
course of this public ceremony witii a threat that unless he
accorded to him wliat he had dreamed, he would iminite to him.
as is the belief of the.se people, all the misfortunes tliat might
befall him. tlie luenance did not in the least disturb liim.
He replied, ])roadly, tliat being a Christian, he had. no fear :
he made the same reply to all who importuned him on the
subject. This Christian cmsistency has won for him such
coiitidenee and respect, tliat if lie happened unexpeetedly in
a oathering where the iididels are conversing together of
;><
301110 souls
of tin" lii'st
is oiiiiiu'iit
hose of lii<
itli ;ui inti-
vorv suil-
hi- import-
ady at any
lenial hap-
s lilOUlilltS.
from that
ilahly kcy\.
appoaraiu'f
icheil when
tho accoiii-
amatioii in
r.-oii sliouM
liis (hx'am,
meed tlu'se
in a cli'i'am
I'sliiu t'l liis
people have
him in the
it unless he
jniteto him,
s that mi.iilit
listurl) him.
a<! no fear :
hiiu on the
:ir him sueh
xpectedly in
together oC
things iuunodest or to tlie disparageiiient of the Faith or ..I
Christianity, they immediately ehange tiieir e.)nversation :
iiianv apply to him for instruction in our li,)ly mvstcries
whi.'h he understands pertVctly : also to learn the pravers.'
Divine I'rovidenee serves iiimself thrufteiicrof allliction tw
-hsposr them to listen to his holy speech: humiliation and
misfortune render th.-m the more docile. Tht> same Katiier
writes us that lu'ver has he had more attentive hearing than
sine;- til.. I.uriiiii-- of the town of St.. ^[lehael whieli ocenrre.l
hist spriiin-, when all the calniis with the .•hapel, wre re-
<lii<-ed t,, ashes, without the possihility of saving aiivthin-,
iK'Uher furniture, ch'ii, nor anything iieeessarv to life. These
||""i' peopled,, n,.t appi-ar in any wise trouhlcil hv it, l)Ut
on the contrary tliey testify to the Father that lln^v recou-
iiiwdod has punished them justly for tlieir inlidelitv and
the re,si.-tance they had maintained till then, to the prourc.<.>
oi" the gospel. 'I'liey l.cg earnestly that he will hy no means
leave them; tiicy promise .so .soon as they have rebuilt their
eahinsand their pali.sade lor .security against their en,Mnie.s
to «<et up a chapel much more heaiitifiil than the former one,
and that they will he more a.ssiduoii.s in prayer than in the
past. The Father .adds that tliey make their' [.rotestation in
terms so strong and with such marks of sincerity, that lu- is
lirmly persuaded they will keep their word. Fia/, ,i„/..
We recognize even more .sensii)ly in their fatar maladies
the elleets of grace, and the fruits the daily instriietion.s pro-
'This ;.;;,,1 „„„ „,„! |,|, „if,, ,,,f, „,,. „,,,,^,^,^^ j,,^^._^^ ,^_ ^^...^ ^^.^^^ _^ ^___^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^
>-liii,l 1., Hj.-.i,,. thoir ii-Miainini; ,la.v.i ul tlu- missi,,,, of llu- Moumaln of Monlrrnl ■ lm\ •
1.1;; Dccoiuf tn-v l,y tlio .leatl, of tla- head, „f th« cabin i.i whi.h ho ha<l hcrM .o lo.,- a
-lavf. II.. was recHved then., with joy ; already known l.y tht- annual liclalionH of tin-
Jesnits for his fn vrnt piety, he jiistilied his reputation l,y his eondnet at the mission l.y
his lalmrs for the poor and allliete.1. where he llnally beeaine blind, as was si.pp„„ed bv
his inten.se devotion. He died in lIliM, at the advaiired a-e of Hill years ; and the in-
scription over the place of his burial, in one of the ancient lowers on the Mountain of
Montreal, reads : •• He was by his piety and probity the e.vainple of Christians, and the
wonder of unbelievers. ■
58
,Uico on inin.lstliat. at the timo. npiu-ar tl.o more rel.ellinus
■Mn\ opuosea to tl.e Iniiih. 1 ^^ive liere aM.o.i- otluMS two -.,•
tlnvr e.-aini-Ies whiel. uppcar to bo attei.Je.l with o.rcuiu-
';taiicc>' tie more ren.arkable.
A Seneca o"" the t.nvu of St, James,' very age.l ami a per-
son oi eonsi.U ration, liaving been taken siek, the Vatlier
visite.1 him aiul olTcre-l on his part to re.uh iimi all possible
assistanee h.r the relief of his malady and the salvation ..f
his sonl. He refused both rou-hly, so that the Father was
compelled to withdraw after some kind attentions, in order
nut to prejudice him at the outset. Many days pass.-d with
him in this ill nature, during which the Father was able t
do nothin-, except to intercede with (Ind fur the mlscn,b,.-
.,^e who to all Imniaii appearance must die without baptism
und'm unbelief, the .Ux.r of his cabin <'losed and all access to
him denied. ■ , . i
In the meanwhile, the Father was well apprised tiiat he
WHS vi-^il>lv sinkiicj, which was to him an unspeakable sor-
,,nv. it is onlv for those wh.. have had the expericiu'c. to
nnderstand wllat it is to see a sin-le unfortuualc s..ul, that
one has come to seek from across the sea. so near to pcrd.tion
without bein- ai.le to give aid an<l succor in rescuing it Irom
the dan-er: but the goodness of C.od who shows Uim-ell
..unuUy favorable to the poor savage us to the greatest mon-
a,vh <.f earth, c.xtended his hand toward him in an unh.oke.l
[,„• manner. As these people are guided by their dreams, it
was permitted that in sleep he should sec the Father who
uave him a medicine mo.st elTicacious for his recovery. I Ui>
was enou.di to induce him to send with all possible dispafh
iu.d on h'is own part, beseech the Father to come and visit
l,i„; inHueduitclv. He was found at St. Michael, where.
awaiting tlu moment of grace, he had gone t.. visit his
1 Onndfif!'*™- ^'''' "'"'' "" ^''»^'"^" l'J«''"'' !'■ -"'•
59
rcbfllii'iis
MS tVVi) ' ti-
ll circuin-
\ml !i ]ier-
10 Full 101-
11 |)()ssil)l('
Ivation iif
'atlicr was
-. in oiilei'
asscil willi
■as aMi' t
■ iniscralh^-
it liai^tisiii
11 access ti>
>(1 that lu'
itkal)k' siir-
)ei"icnc('. ti)
I soul, that
.1) [icnlitioii
ing it IVoiii
.vs'iriuKcll'
eatcst 1111)11-
II uiiliii>ko(l
r (livains. it
KatluT \vln)
vt>ry. This
jle ihspatoli
lie and visit
had, where,
to visit his
eliiireii. lie left evervtliing at lliis news luul ivtiinie.l with
;ill iM.ssihIe s|.ee,|. 'ri„. siek man was .,\erj..vr(l at his .•.,ii,-
'".- : """''" lii"i l''l<'' ii seat at his hed aini sanl u, him:
"Oiii-asera (which is the liulian name C.r th,. Father) -ive
me, I i>ray thee, inimcliately. the medicine: I h;ivc seen it,
while di'eaiiiinu-. i,, t|iy hands and it will cmv inc.' -Ah"
my hn.ther," repli<>,| the Kafher, - must willinoly, j ani ah-mt
to give thee a medicine, hni very din'erent :ind far hctter than
that which thon hast seen in tlie (hvaiii : thou art m no
I'artlier iiee,l for the lio,ly, whi,-h is in no comhtion to he
l)eiielited : a inL-dicine of this iiatniv, would onlv seive to
hasten tlie end of thy life. The givat Master of IHe. wh.)
loves thee, comnianils me to give thee a nu'da-inc which is
wiiollv iK'avenly. and will restore lih' and health t.. thv soiil :
deliver it from eternal death: pi'oiMire for it instcaij ,,f ihis
\nnn- life which we have in common with the animals. ;i life
of^everl.asting happiness in heaven, hy the help of haptism."
While the Katli.M' was speakin--, the Holy Spirit wroiiLiht
npon the heart of tli(> sava-e, ami at the word haptism of
which he had spoken many tin.cs witlKJiit ellVet. he r.,ii>e,l
himself as from a deep sleep and hesonght him. eariic-tl v. to
remind him of the insiructi..ns, which at other times he had
given him to prepare him to receive the sacrament, 'i'his
the Father was pronijit to do, and the sick man listened with
jcy and eoiisolation. Having iievertliele-;s judged it proper
to defer his baptism iiiilil the morrow, at the break of dav he
visited him and found him in holy impatience to see hmiself
■>i the miinber of the ehildren of God, having passed tlie en-
tire night in acts of faith and contrition, ami in recitin-- the
prayers taught him the previous ihiy, which in no particular
had he forgotten, so far as observed by the Father, the sick
one having repeated thetn from memory in his pre.seiice. He
then received holy baptism with sincere devotion ; and hav-
ing pas,scd the whole day and mght in praising (ind, askinj.--
60
thnt Ih- iiii-lit. 1h' taken to i)nn!(lis<'. lio dinl Uie f..ll()vviii<i
(Inv. Icaviii.tr tliis iinprossion with liis pastor, that lie was m-
fnllil'lv of the nuiiihcr of the ch'ft.
1 miichKlr this <'hai>tfi' Willi an extract from a letter which
1 liavc reeeivc.l from this same nnssioiiarv in those terms :
-Drnnkenness eause.l l-v the hevera.ues which the iiifi:lels
,,l„;iin from the ll..llaii(tei-s. bn-n.-ht iiioiv than .'iL^itv
K'ii-ues 1)V land, is imw more universal than ever, extending
,.vcii tu tiie women : and tlu'se disorders roiilinuc for tWi'lve
orlifteen days after the arrival of each hand of traders. Dur-
iii'j- all this time as there is neither food nor lire in their
,.;,l,ins, thev are abandoned dav and nidit. The rest of the
IH'ople llee for eoiieealmeiit to the lieMs and tlu' woods.
Amid all this debauchery, the virtue of our Christians shines
,,ut bri-htlv. They are steadfast in their duties and show as
m-eat aversion t.. these orL^ies, as they are forei-;n to their
pn.fes.-^ioii. 'I'he tlrunkards. themselve.s. eviiu'O this resiio.'t.
that they do not come near the ehapel.' We have our :-^-
semblies as usual on Sundays, and our Christians ,uatlier
with <ireat pains from their hidin,<; phiees, heariiiK mass with
as much quiet and devotion as at any other time of the year.
1 have m..re eoncern for the siek, not knowinu where to lin.l
them. 1 have not failed to bapti/.'j certain ones, among
them, an acbdt, who after a year of labor, ,uave me mueli
oMis.ilation. He wasaeateehumenaiul sullieiently diligent in.
the ordinary lu-aver.s One day, linding him very ill, 1 .judged
it proper, with his eo'.isent, to prepare him for- baptism. I in-
structed him to thi.s end, in the mysteries of our faith, and
caused him to perform tiie acts neeessary to prepare liim for
this saerament, wliieli, nevertlieless for good reasons, 1 de-
ferred. Then linding hini delirious and iu danger of deatli. 1
1 This w,i« oftn. the -nlv rofu-e of iho mi^.ioiu.ry niraiiKt personal violence to wliicli
fn.n. v„riouHC,msc.s, ho was ..Nims.nl ; l.nl .noro ..specially, i.i soones ...cl. as are her.'
(l('-cril)cil.
iM
illovvnifj;
■ was ill-
•r wliicli
e Um'mis :
intiili'ls
I ciLrlity
v^teiiiiiiig
)!■ twrlvf
■;. ])ur-
' in llicir
'St of the
V woods.
IIS sliiiK's
1 siiow ilS
to tlioir
s rosiioct.
(' our v- ■■
IS millM".'
iiass witli
tlio year.
vc to lind
's, aiiiouL:
me iiiueli
liliueiit in
, 1 jiidjied
sin. 1 in
faith, and
fe him tor
ons, 1 dc
of deatli. 1
ili'iice ti) wliicli
all lis lire lien'
did not .^^criiple to liaptixe him. Som,. time after (■omiiiL:' to
him.^flf, he eaUed me and sidd aiiorily that I had (hveived
him: that in his dream lie had found himself in heaven
wliere the Kreneji had received him with tlie \vl p.^ that
tliey (sava,ues)aie aeeiistomed to make on tlie arrival of thrir
captives of war, and tiiat at tiie time he made iiis escape, tiicv
ah-eady had the lin> brands in their hands to Inirn liim. As
for tiie rest, tiiat tlie water v Inch I poured ujion his !ie;id
was a s|iell and .-';(. ivery which would cause his death ur li.\
his fatt! to he hnriied eternally in tlie other world. 1 h;id
recour.se to (iod, more especially, in this junetiire .so miex-
pected: iiiid at last, Ile^i-aw me irrace after three hours ,.f
conllict. with mildne.ss and kindness, to convince and unde-
ceive him. He <>:ive up all these ilelnsions caused l,v the
demon that would destroy him. lie recovered with admin-
lilf hehavior his first t!i()uo|it,-i, and tli.- scntimonts of a soul
triilv converted. Jle only desired to die. rather than olfend
(Iod any inoiv, and he eternally happy m heaven. He ma.le
of his own accord a petition at the close of the ordinarv
prayers in these words: ■' 'I'hou who art in heaven have pilv
oil me: draw me. as soon as possiMe from here below, that 1
may lie jicrfectly hap])y in heaven."
One other siek [lensoii has consoled me still more, actiiiLi iii
the matter of his health in a most e.xtraonlinarv manner for
a savajre. and who has pven noble testimony to the Faith.
'I'o ,u-ain him to (Jod, l)e.sides tlie frequent in.structions I -ave
him. I spared myself in no respect night or dav. to minister
to liim and lead him to believe that I stron-iy desire.l his
recovery. One day, iicrceiving clearly that my remedies were
without eifect. and that he was contiimlly growinir worse.
iievertheles.s, seeing my extraordinary earnestness to relievo
him, he said ♦o me: '-My brother, I .see well that thou art
my friend, bin I pray thee no longer tliiiik of my bodv. but
ai)ply thyself rather to save my soul : it is all over: T sliall
(i'2
»lio ; I e;iii in) Imijicr (li>ulit. iiinl wliiit is iiMpurtMiit is tn die
well." I llitMi iuslnii/U'ii liim fully iiml l)a|itizcil liiiii Knuii
tliiit tiiiic, well salislieil and tiiiiikiiiif only of Parmlisc, ho
cniiiinciiciMl ti> sinn' his soiili', \vhi<'li tliry call the dcatli smiL!'.
1)111 ill vcrv dillVrc;:! terms from those he formerly would
have used, ill stfaits or while an unheliever. '■ it is .lesus,
he said, "who is the Master of my life; he leads me to heaven,
iiexcr more to sin: nevermore to dre.'im: the ureal Master
ill he.'iveii forliids it." 'riiese W(;re his last sentiments whieli
he (duiii; to e\eii unto death.
Afleral! it is to he eoiifessed that these peoples arestronuly
(ipposed to the l'"aith, and that the eouvi'i'sioii of even one
sava^ic is a stroke from heaven. The freedom that tliev elier-
isii more than their life ; the arrogance which is their nature
as well as the lickleiie.ss of their resolutions: the impurity in
which they are reare(l ; the strong attachment tney have t(.r
their dreams and suiiL-rstitious customs , their spiu'ts and or-
ilinary occu|)ation in the chase ami in the war, which i'eii<lers
them unsettled and keeps tlieiii for the most of the time in
the licld or forest, l)csides the demon of drunkeiinoss, which
has posse.s.sed them for sonu> ye;irs, are without doiiht great
liinderaiices for the permanent estiihlisiuuent of religion.
Nevei'tlicless, tlu; zeal, tlic trust, the dev.)ti(>ii, patience and
forliearaiice of our missionaries, surmount all these obstacles
and eive us rea.soii to hope that God will lucivase the bless-
iiiLis alreadv he.'.towcd, beyond even wdiat He at present gives
to tlieir labors. It is already a grtat advaiiUigo, that they
know the language; that they have found access to their
minds ; that they are loved and esteemed iViuong them : that
thev have entire freedom to preach, in public and private,
the word of (iod, .aiul that there is seareely n family in all
their country that is iKJt more or less instructed in the prin-
cipal mysteries of our Faith. Many po.ssess the Faith,
although still attached to theii' evil customs and are not
(;;{
IS til (lie
K roll I
idisi', lio
itll SullL!'.
V would
. Jesus,"
I li(';ivi'ii.
Master
ts wliieli
stroiiuly
\-eii olio
lev clier-
ir iiiitiire
|)iirity ill
lia\e |oi'
s ami or-
1 I'eiulers
! lime ill
<s, which
iil)t ^reut
rehuioii.
eiice ami
obstaeles
he bless-
eiit ijjivcs
,hat tliev
to their
■111 ; that
I private,
11}' in all
the prill-
le Faith,
are not
Christians l.v profession. They eviiiee this in their inaladies
when often of their own aeeonl, they scml Inr oiir I'alhers
lest they shoiihl die without l)a|itisni.
i'rayers are ivLTiilarl v ohserved in eaeh town, l.oih inoriiiiiL;
and eveiiin.:, in tli.' chapel where the eateeli ens are -atli-
ered. and where ("hristians rcceivcoii Suiidav the sacraments.
'Hht.' als,, thev <:n tlirou-;ii the cutechisni, in addition to the
instrnetioiis e-ivi'ii them each day in their cahiiis. Nnmhers
of little ehildivn escape to lica\( n throiiizh tlie<jraceof hap-
tisni, it heine (,iic(,f the chief solicitudes of our Fathers to si'c
to it that not asin.el.-onc of these dies without the sacrament.
It istlin-that. in spite of hell, thc.se little chinches iiiak.' pro-
.lii-css. There is iioi f them that does not (Mmtain eiioice
souls, who imitate the fervor and charity of the (Christians of
the lirst a,ues. and furnish hy their u-ood example a powerful
motive for the conversion of others, in a word, our evangel-
ical lahorcrs arc so far from thinking- that there is iioihiiii-- to
hcdoncfo!' the Faith anion.,' tlie.sc jicoplcs. that thev call
upon us from all sides and ask us for reiiii:i)rcenients with all
CMnc.'ivalilc urecney, jiarticularly those who lahor in these
lands full of liriersand thorns, for the culture of peoples \n<>\v
harharoiis and rehcllious toward the (losiicl
VI.
The follow! I i.L,' IfttiT of FiilliiT .luliiiii (raniicr, still in sole
i'li;ir,Lf(' of the three missions of the Cnnee|ition. St. Mieliiiel
:uul St. Jiimcs, oceiijiies Cluip. \'ll. Fiist I'iUl of h'riiuini,.
Ui72.
'I'hc spiritual eonditioii of tliese missions, depends liU'L'ely
upon temporal alTair.s, and more than all on the (lisposition of
mind to maintain peace with the French. Tlu' sachems of
the town of (landaehic .i;ou' had L'iven me the iissnrance.
in a council assembled for the purpose, that they desire<l to
prav to tiod, and in fact certain of thcni be.L'aii to do this:
and though I had not as yet seen in them the essential prin-
ciplesof the Faith, neverthele.ss, their example led the people
to listen to mciind gave me every lilierty to visit an<l instruet
the siek. Hut rumors of a French invasion, very soon,
verturned these small l)eginnin<f.-<. Their minds being
ov
thus badly disposed, the evil one takes occasion to raise an
outerv against the Faith and those who preach it. An old
man who came here some years since froiri (loiogoiien— a
troublesome spirit, l)ut skillful in speech, who does what he
will with our Senecas and jiasses ain(jng them for a wonder-
ful person — jiroves to them that the Faith produces death,
for the reason that of whole families who formerly eml)raced
it, when the late Father Menard, the apostolic missionary,
i-esiiled at Caytiga, not a single .soul, as he declares, remains
lie further says, that the Black-gowns are only here as spies
who report everytliing to Onoutio, that is, Monsieur the Gos-
1 StT iiDte "D Seneca towns, p. B5.
II III side
, Mirlmrl
Iv lillinn.
iisilioii (il
U-llL'lllS (if
issiiraiict'.
,i'sirf(l to
do tliis ;
itial i>riii-
lie [n'oplc
<1 iiistrii'jt
.'ry soon,
ids bciiii:'
) raise an
All old
goiic'ii — a
■! what lie
I woiidcr-
•I's dcatli.
cmliraced
lissioiiary.
, roiiiaiiis
e as spies
the Gov-
• Tiior. or that they are son •erers who a.Tnmpli^h liv dis,-ase
what Oiioiitio could not elTivt liy Ion f i,riiis. I know of
ueortainty that they have den'ierafcd (•oiicrrniiiL-- niv (h'ath
as a spy and as a sorcerer; oiir host himself, Oniionkenrita-
oiii,' tlie most pnmiiiieiit of th(> chiefs of this -ivat nation,
has often proposed to his sister to kill mc, whil.' sh.'. at tlic
same time, has shown a ,<riv;it distrust of na ace,, nut ,,f
Ikt htllc daughter wla. often fell sick. As I d,, nut n'tiiv
at as early an hour as is their i-iistoin. and as I n>iiialii a
eonsideral.lo time in the eveiiin- to pray t.) (lod in the
••hapcl, they persuade themselves that I .■aniiot eiiiph.v mv-
self in any other maimer, than in holdin-- comniiinicati/.ii
with some .lemon in plottin<rthe ruin of their I'amilv. 'I'Iiih
my life, hnmanly speakin,L^ depends iipnn the health of tins
little dan.irhter, iind I run a jrivi,t risk of losiiiL' it. if she
should die. There would he as much cans.- for iiie to fc;,,-,
should any (.lie 1,1 in,u- the news of the |,roliaMe march of the
French into this c(.iinlry. Maiiv have assured me in a.lvaiice,
thatshoiild this happen, they would certainly tomahawk iii,..-'
Ill tiiis it is. my Reverend Father, that I am happv. a:id
that I esteem the felicity of my missi(,n which compels me
toc,,nsid<"r each moment as the last of m v life, ,aiid t,, lal.or
.joyfiillN- ill this state for the salvation of tlie>e po,,r souls.
1 Dan.im'i.rit.ioiii or (iamlacliinit,'„ii asHMant uf T.^-arMnhi,.. a. kc.|„-r „f th,. «,..!
.'Ill door, tlu- latter fxerdHiii- j,iri«llcti(,ii .,v,.r tlic i„„st n„ril,.ri, „f tlir tvv,, w,.-t,.rii
towns, tin' Soniiontoiian of the Helatlonf.
•■ FalliiT Mi'iianl at Cayii-u was rc|H.at.',lly tlircat.'m'.l willi .|,.,itii a- a 8(,rciT..r He
relali'. tliat a warri,.r lo,l«in^' in the san,.. raliin. for tlir,.,. i,„,|„. i„ ,„o-,.,.si,.i,, m,,'.,,,,,,.
.•(1 to kill liim. aiul wasonly prcvoitrd l,y l,i, |,„st «,„| r,i,,i,| S M,nrl,io.-«T, tl„. ,l,i..f of
th.' .antoii. The perseciitloii of the M,issio„„ry Fathers as sor.-erers was i|s„ ,„iiii,ioi,
anioiiK the lliirons. They were chan:e.l with eaiisini; .w,t only personal eal unities, l„„
all the miseries of the n,ition, ami at times it woiil.l appear, that nothmi; short of spe
eiftl divine intervention stayed or lurned asi.ie the miirderoii. h.ow of the infuriated say.
a-e. Father .lollies was killed am.inL' the Mohawks on ehar.-e of he soreerer A
helief in sor.ery and witrhcraft appears to have prevailed very ,-enerally amon.^' the
Indmnsof .Xnieric. The Z.inis i„ their re^vn, visit to the .^tlantie eoast in eliar«e
of Mr. Frank II. Cnshint'. while passlns; through .Salem, looked n|.on the place with «reat
reverence and awe, as heuife' the place where witches once lived, and were hurried.
t'lC)
Otif sitiL'K' iiil'iiiit st'cMrc ill licavcii iIii'hUl'Ii linly hiiptisiii, is
suiricifiit to ciiiiii.m' iiitii swci'tiicss nil tlicsi' iiitU'r trials.
'I'liis oM iiiiiii «>f wliMiii 1 liavo s|ti>lv<'ii. takoH iidvaiitiint' III'
cvrrvtliiiiL:' tliiit has iu'imhtciI of liilc. iiinl iiariiriilarly of wliat-
cvrr tliosc who lia\ r licfii to (^iU'lirc. havi' n'|")rU'(l au'aiiist iis
It iiv IK) iiH'aii-' iH'cih'il iliis. to turn from pravcr ami to ciii-
hitter ULfaiiist lis a pcoph! so siis|iicioi|^, ainl who arr ciiiiri'lv
uivi'M M|i to sorceries aiii| sii|i.'rstitioiis : iKiin- they cease to
collie to the cha|ii'l. If I enter theii' caliiiis to seek out the
sick, tlii'y rec-anl me with an evil eye: and if I attein|it to
instruct, the\- orilinarily iiiternipt ine with insultiiiL' s|iceeh.
An\' smlden outhreak of drunkenness, in siieii circuinstanet'S.
com I ids me I o retire to the chapel win 're 1 ha\ e alway> found
rcfiiuc 1 wonder that, in these troiihlos, never Imt in a sin
tde instance. Iia.^ a drunk.ard eonie to seek me tliciv. ;tnd him
thev |ii'eventcil. ncvci'thelcss, from doiiii: me injury. i»ur
in;i' eleven months there have dicij in all the towns of this
nation, thirty-three liapti/ed persons, almost all iid'ant<. We
have l)apti/,ed seven others who are still sick: in all forty.
'I'lie iiiercv of (iod has liecii ereat toward certain h;ipti/.ed
adults, ainoiiL; others, toward a c,-ipti\c of the ( )ntonacaimha
or Cliaoiianonu, ail\!incc(l in auc : onlinarily they lirine- as
captives, onl V tin; voun,Li' iiu'ii fi'om con ntrii.vs so distant, (iod
.so ordt>re(l it that, hajipilv, 1 slnnld lind myself in this place,
on his arrival with an interpreter, the only one! know of
this langnaiic in this eounti-y ; he heard with pleasnn' all that
I tau;iiit him of the chief mysteries of our Kajtli and of eter-
nal happiness in paradise. At lene;tli I found him disi)osed
to haptisin. and 1 think he entered heaven the same day he
arrived at Tsonnontoiian. Divine Providence had conducted
liim bound, more than three hiinilred leagues, to eiiahle him
to find here the true liberty of the children of (iod.
A woman beinir sei^icd with epilep.sy, threw herself in the
midst of a lai'Lie lire and before she could be rcsciieil, was so
H7
s.'vnvlv l.iini.Ml, t|i;,t til,. l„,i„.SMf Iht hai,,], „,i.| iinMs U-U
:i\vii.v nil,, i.i't.'r 111,. otlhT. As I was imi in t|„. \ iHn-.r,.. jn
'Im' fiiuc. a vni.'i- iMviicliinaii that I haw with iih', wh.'. is
wrll ac(|iiaiiitr,| with the laiiuHiijrc aih 1 i).'rf..n,is\v..i-thilv th.'
"Ilir.-of a cat. ■(•hist, hastfiicl thither: ainl haviii- fnmi.l iicr
111 Ih'I' lijjhtiiiiiMl, s|...l^(. t.. hcmf (i.MlaiMl His salvation, in-
-triicicl an. I ii.tI',.i-|!i.m1 r,,r h.T jill th.' n. ssarv acts on th..
".•.•iisi,,ii aii.l lia|ili/c,l h.T. This |.o.,r .•ivatiiiv spi'iit, the
cijiht or ten <hi\sthat ivni.ain.Ml ,,f h.T lilc, m |,ia\ .^r : liiis
was licr.inly c..ns..lati..n in h.^r t.^rnhl,. siitrcrin.i;. an<l cxtr.Miic
•''•'■""'""""■1" -'f ill! liiiiM.'in SI r, whi.'h sh.' cn.lurc.l with
u.lniirahh- pali.ncc, in th.' h<>| I' cL-nial lilV. 'I'hcs,. aiv
'■tl'.vts ..|- .liviii.- -ra.v. whi.'h iii;.k.. th.Mns..|\...s uiHlcrst..,,,!
Ill these hjirliiin.us coimtrii's most ..l.vioiislv. and wliieh
Liiv.ally iill..vi,'ite »hc t..ils. fati-iics ami allliriiuns ..I' a mis-
si. mai'v.
A Christian v..iiiii.- m; f ;istranL'.. iiatam wh,Mlie,| a iiio-t
Niintiv ilcath, touch,.,! Ill,, u-ivallv wlH.n.'v.'r I .•ncoiiranv.i him
I" I"<'V l"<i"'I *liirine- his last si.'kiiess: Ins .■iirc..t'ioii an, I
'l.'votion wci-,. visihi.- in his eves, ..ver his coiint..nane.. an.l
"'•'"' '''''^ '"'"'' lii" ■•^1" h: his ivhitives wer.- strn.'k with
ii'liiiii'i'ti"ii : hi-assniv,l me ..\ .t an,l owr a;jain, that h,. ,|,-
sire.l .leath thai he mi-jn, the in,.iv s|,e,..|i|y s.v iiims.'ir m
iK'iiveii. .Such sentim.mts ;tn. a m,.st manifest token of
l.'iitJi. A Christian llnnni w,imHn has <;iven to us similar
|'r<'«'l's: sh.. ha.l.in short, all,. we,| h.-rsulf to he |uTsuu<le,| iu
!li<' prostration caus,.,l l.y a h.ii.u- si.-kness. that a sui.ersutioiis
feast w.)ul.l heal her; hut she disc. v.-re,l h.^r mistak... an,l ,.f
iier..wii accord desir.Ml t.. mak.; puhli.; re|.aiati,.n, manitest-
iiiii- ^Tcat ^Mi,.f at haviuir oht-ved the instriim,.nts of h.-ll.
whom she U|.i.rai,le,l iu.n;o,.,l earnest f,.r the wicke.liiess ihev
had shown in .trivin^r t,, h,,.r ji.lvice .so dete.stal)le.'
' Kalh,.r,leCarl,..il «iveH an account ..f o.i,. „f i1„.h,_. fi.«,|. of iR'alhii;, to wliici, l.f
","V,"" "'•".' ' '"''""• •■'"• "f ^"" ''"»"°"- "f tl'fCay,i!<„ n.ls«i..„.-,sv. .'■:„rly Clnmhn
'It (-(KJ'i'in U)xU>nj,]ii,.M:\. j ^"<i <>■"
68
'riiclluronsof tlie Mission of St. Micliiu-1, miinit'est ^'rcfitrr
(l.>sire tiKiii ever to rctiini to Qiieboo to iuigmciit the clmivli
of Notre Damo do Foye.' Some of tlum wlio an« not now
Christians, dedare that tlion they would cmhra.-e tlie Faitl,.
The most notable and aged of tliem all, took up the word hi
continuation of a short lesson that 1 had given touching this
matter, and declared that for himself, he w<.uM not wait sm
long a time to become a Christian: that he had from thl^
hour formc<l the resolution: that he renounced his drcam^
and all that was forbidden of Q.mI : that he would i)reseiit
himself for continual instruction : that he would not fail a
single day to as.sist in the jirayer and that he would exhort,
others to follow his example. He has held to his word thn^
far, and 1 hope that soon he will be baptized.
I conclude for the present, with a worthy act of Chn.-^-
tian courage. An aged i)er!^on of this little church, who lia-
l.erformed witli great edification the ollice of catechist f.^'
nioie than twenty years, diiring which it had been deprived
of a |)astor, in conse(pience of the wars of many years, hav-
ing learned that his only son had been killed on the spot in
a battle with the Gandastogue. he was alllii-ted to the last,
degree, although with entire resignation to tlie will of God.
which he constantly evinced in acts of heroism. But what,
surprised every one wa.s, that a second report having been
brought in, that the young man was not dead and that tin;
wounds he hail received did not appear to be mortal, as In-
had been borne away on a sort of a litter, tlu; old man at.
I This mission was founded by Father Joseph Chaumonot, from a small Huron colony
which son-lit refnu'c on the Isle of Orleiins opposite (iuebec, and which he him*lf a. -
companied, the year after the destruction of their nation. Here he remained with the
exception of the vears l(i.W-8, when he wa« at Onondaga preparing the way for tli-
establi''hmcnt of tlie Irocpiois mi.-sions. In 16il.3. the ye.ir of his death, he reniove.l tli.-
missi(m K. a new site where he erected a cl nrch and chapel modeled on the Holy
House of Lorette. and perfectly like it i" .orm, materials, dimensions and furniture.
Kiom this circumstance the mission took the name of Lorette. Here the Ilurons loni
enjoyed great piosperity.-See Shea's Calhollr Mimoiij!. pp. 197, I'.ta.
69
est grcnb'i'
:lie ctiurrli
r(> not now
> the Fait'L.
.ho word ill
iii'hinL;' llii-
not wait so
1 from tlii-
bis (In^aui^
nlil present
1 not fail a
onld exlioi't
s word tliu-
■t of Chri.--
I'll, who ha-
atechist toi'
en deprived
■ years, hav-
I the spot in
to the last
will ot God,
But what
liavin.uf been
iiid that tilt?
mortal, as he
old man at
oiice ivgaiiied his spii'its and hreatliing into his faith new
\ luor, he ])assed the day in rendering thaiiksiiivint:- to (iod,
inll of reverenee and gratitude 'I'lie whole vilhm'e gathered
111 a body at his eabiii in oi'der to testify to him their joy,
;iiid they left it with a lii^li estimate of his virtue.
Alter all, I have remarked that it is not so mneli tln' de-
uvueraey of manners that prevents onr savages from lifiiig
Christians, as the false ideas wdiieh, for the most part, tliev
iiaveeoiireriiing th(> Kaitli and of ( "liristianity. I know m-arlv
two hundred families, among others, in linn and ]iermaneiit
iii.'irriages, who bring up their children morally well : who
i'lrnid their daughtei's too free outside acipiaintaner, so that
they are kept fiom dissipation and lewdness: who have a
hori'or of drunkenness, and who only need the l'"aitli to lead
III all respects Chrisliandike lives. It is this gift of God that
we implore without eeasiiig for these poor souls, who are the
priet! of His lijood, and whom I commend \'ei'v spi'cialK, my
IJeverend Katlier, to yoiii' holy prayei's and pious sacrilices.
TsoNXONIOIAN, ,hdvi((). IfiT'J.
mall Huron colony
icli lie him*lf m-
roinained with thi!
K the way for tliii
th, lu' removed tin?
Ifk'd on till' Holy
ins and fnrnitnri'.
•e Uie Ilnronsi Um'j
VII.
This Ifttirol' Fatlicr Ganiier ('(iiiijM-iscs cliiiiitcr \'1I. I'f Iv-
inlinii 1(572-."),' aiul iiertaiii.s to the missions of the ('oiirf|iti()ii
aiMi St. Mi<'hai'l.
•■We have lu'vcr ilischar.Li'i'il oui' <]uties with more of i|uift,
or with more of frciMlum tliaii tiie present yeai-. The Kathei'
P. Hail'eix.' Mi'i'ived at the Coueei)tion, at tlie I'lul of .Inly, a
niontii after \ resumed ehariiv of St. Miehael, where I liad
not been for a year, as the villaiie had entirely Imrned (h>wii,
and as I was left alone at 'I'sonnontoiian. I have received
all the satisfaction 1 eouhl hope for in (Mir Christian.s, from
their assiduitv in fre(inentin,u- the chapel, morning and even-
iiiL;'. for the pi'aver. ami from thcii' jiromptness in comiim'
fverv Sundav to the instruction that I give them before the
niiiss. as well as foi' the /eal with which many of them heai-
testimony in support of the paiMy of the Faith in the pres-
ence of lewd persons who talk against it. A certain pei'son
liavim;- saiil, one day :it a superstitious feast which she had
uiven, that the fear of my i-ejiroofs had kept lici' for a length
of time to her duty: "the fear of <!(id ami His judgments
should restrain you always," replied a good Christian who
was iiresent : and as he was ac(piainted wil'h oui' mystei'ics.
lie followe(l with excellent instruction in the lieai'lu'^- of all.
What has ^iven esteem to the [trayer, is the example of
I WMhm ci ii'ii "'(■■■fl I'ltime de ittm reiiuirqmMe mix MUnionn tin Ptres tie la Comimij-
i,i, ill .IciiKiit hi XimilU Friiriii leK(iii>ie>' 16?,' «/ 1«T3 I'ar It Iln: I'n- Clmili- Dahlon.
'Y\\\» Ui'liitioii was printed by .loliii (iilinary Slieii in IWil.
■.' KiitliiT HalT.ix had li^ft llie ini'viciU!* vear tn lake charge of tlif Cayiiu'a mission in
tiic aljHfhio of KallKTdeearluil for the recovery of his health.
Vll.nl- A'--
Ji)ll('(.'|ilinli
IV (if i[iiii't.
['lie Katlu-r
i)f .1 Illy, a
icrc 1 hail
'iH'il down,
e ivccivf'd
lians, from
and even-
in coMiinu'
licforc the
llicni lu'ar
II the pros-
iain pi'i'son
eh she had
DP a length
jndgnicnts
istian who
niysterics.
ig of all.
exani|ile of
s lie In ( 'nmixiij-
Claude Dnhlon.
yiiiii mission in
71
the pnnei|ial mdi who ai'e forerno.^t to eoiiie to pi-av to Goil.
Tlie Cliiel of the llurons allows no occasion to pas.s, withoiil
exhorting, esiieeiaily, tlie old men to cndn-acc the faith with-
ont delay; and were it not fortlie eagerness with which thev
ivem- to .«upei'stiti.>us rennMiies in their sicknesses, thischnivh
wonld lai-gely ineivase in a short time. Tii- Xeiitei's and
the Ononti.igas, who form a jiart of tiie town. ar(! at la.st
softened hy the example of the Ilnrons and at pre.^eiil eome
to the pi'aver in eonnnon with them.
As there is not yet a eha[>el in the town of St. .laine.s,
which, however, at oiio time was largei- than .<• Michael, I
was ol.liged to make np tin; want, hy freipient visits ainoii.r
theeahins, l.oth to hapti/e the sick iid'ants and to instrue^
the adnlt sick and others. I a.ssist tliem in the praver, after
the instrnction in the cabins; and many have nmie to' meet
nie at St. Michael and to pray todod in the chapel. The
complaint th:it eaeh one m ikes to me when I go to .see them
is, that we jirefer the Jliirons to them; and that of all the
ffofpiois princijKd town.s, this is the only • that has not a
mi.^s.ionary among tluMii ; if your J{eveiviice would do us the
favor to sen.l us a third, I have hope that he will be well re-
ceived.' It is necessary thei'e for the commence, nent of a
church, which can only be successfully done l,v a person who
resides on the spot, since there are many infants and adults
who die before I learn of their sickne.ss. and conse.jiieiitlv
without a.ssuranee; for the rea.son that I am not on the
ground, whatever diligence I u.se, it will be that som<' con-
tinually escape.
r have baptixod since the month of July, 1()72. forty-three
infants, of which twenty-nine rejoiced soon after in the hai)-
pincss which baptism had brought them, and manv of the
others still languish; and twelve adult.s, of whom nine died
I Kathur I'iorron was s„on after sent to St. .lames l„ accnlanee with this reimest,
slioi'llv iifu-r tlieii' l.iiptisiii mid left im; oxrcllciil signs of
tliL-ir jiRMlostiiKition. Uesi.les those, iimny iiifiuits arc dead,
bapti/.rd ill precediiigyears. Among tlie twelve adults wlioni
I l.aptized, the divine mercy apiR'aml more especially toward
i-ertiiiii ones who app(.Mred to olTer tlie greatest resistance to
the u-race. The tirst was an old man, strongly attached to
the superstitions of the eoniury, and ahove all to the princi-
pal one, which is the fnll'.llnicnt of their drea'-s. (iod served
Himself of this, at the same time for his salvation : for after
haviiiLi- listeneii often to wiiat had been said of the great
Master of all things who is in heaven : of the mercies which
He bestows upon those who are obedient, and the judgments
which lie inllicts ni>on these who are rebelliou.s, »t was per-
mitted that He Himself be shown to him in a dream, which
offered to him his frien<lship, and promi.sed to him all kinds
of flood in heaven. 1 had no further diHi.Milty in persuad-
c wouM listen to the word of (Iod. he would
ing him tliat ii n
have pitv upon him. " I doubt no more." replied the sick
man. ■■ 'nake me to understand His will as soon as po.ssible,
that 1 mav execute it.
1 l.'n.(iiifiit r..ffr.'iioe is nm.lc in tlx' previoim nrlidcs of lliis series, as iiidccil tliroiinli-
,„ii lioih the lliinin im.l lt(.(|.w>is IMafum.*, t,. Ilie louver i.f ilreiiins ov.t the siiviiu'e
iiiiiiil, whieh wlieii .mie iiiter|)retc(l, were to be exeeiitetl at all hazards. The Seneeas,
H.conliiiL' ti) l-'ather Fieiiiiii, were exeeeiliiislv serupuloiis in Ihis oheiliente to their
diviiiiiy This superstition retained its liold amoiif.' them loiii; after, as nniy lie inferred
from the followin- incident civeii by Morgan in ills lrnr,mU Letwn, lin n note to p.u'e
■i\ 11 wliich, in this conneelion, will be read with interest ; In IHIO the ecOebrated Corn-
planter chief of the Seneeas, resii;ned his cliiefship In conse(iaenee of a dream. " Our
in" a New Year's celebration at his villai.'e on the AlleL'any, he went from lionse to h..use
for tliree oavs. announcing; whenever he went, that he had h.ul a dream and v.ished to
l.t Home erne ti> L-ness it. On the tliird <lay a Senei'U told him he would relate ins
dream Seeinj; liini nearly naked and shiverin..; witli cold, lie said, yon shall lienceforlli
be eall.'d Onono, meanim: coM. This si-nilled mat bis name, (iyantwalui, sh.)uld pass
away from liir. nn.l with it his title us chief. lie then explained the interiiretation to
ornplanter nuire fully : that he liad had u snmcieni term of service for the -ood of the
nation ; that he was ^'ro>vn too old to be of mn.h further use as a warrior or a conn-
sellor and that he nnisl therefore apppoiMt a successor ; tlnil if he wished to lire,
serve the continued ixood will of the (ireal Spi it. he must remove from bis house and
i<is;hl every article of the workmanship (r invention of the white man. ('ornplanter
havins; listened with earnest attention to tliis interpretation, confessed that it was cor-
signs of
arc (load.
ills whom
ly tovvaitl
istaiico to
tac'lied to
lie iiriiu'i-
od served
: for after
the great
'ies which
udgiueiits
t was per-
im, wiiieli
all kinds
I persiiad-
he would
I the sick
< possihle,
idi'i'il tliniiii;li-
IIT till' SIIVHS.'"'
The SuiU'Ciii-.
lieiiti' to their
my lie iiifenx'il
It note 10 ii.'ij,'!'
■Ii'l)rateil ('i)rii-
Ireiiiu. " Oi'.r
llOUW to lli.ll-c
11 nd v.islieil to
oiilil rcliiti' lii>
Imll lifiicefoflli
liii, xlioiild pat's
iti'iprflatioii to
llif ii'utd of till'
rioi- or a conii-
wUlu'd to i)ii'.
1 liis house anil
1, t'ornphinter
hat it WHS coi-
Anothci-old man of the Onenro nation, whom 1 had so-
licited for a Ioiil:- time Io liceoine a Christian, fell sick: his
wife, who was tlie only one to take c;ii'e of him also was
taken sick and died :t few days aftci', as she had lived, in a
<'hrisliaiidil;e wav. Thi' maii>'cin,-- himself in the last e.\-
treniitv, commenced to listen to the instrnetion tliat I -ave
'ii'-- 'le had no other consol.ation npon eailh lint the hope
<if l',M'adi-.e, which strengthened in him coi.tinnallv in the
mcasni'c that lie Ki'i'amc (jis'jnsted with liis life.
! coHclnde with the hapti-m of ;i yoimn- wom;,!! who Ian-
eiiislied for,-, loirj time. ,<,!». was of a nvntie and innocent
dispo-itioii and i'eadil\- i-emeinliei-, ■, as wimI as listened i,,
my in-iiai,-tioiis. IJoth her p.n'eiits. who had ;, .^reat a\-er-
sion to the l''aith, told her coniinnallv that she should not
listen to me: that I ou!y deceived hci' and that she woid.l
'i'l'l ill h'MVen onlv tires in place of the happiui'ss I jiad
<MU<'d her t . h ip- for. As the sava.u-c-; have Li-rcat respect
foi' their paivnts and lielieve ivaddy all tUat thev sav to
them, thi- -oo.lwouian foralcn-th of time pra\e,l to (Joel
I'onditionally : "if it i< true ih.at one is happ\- in heaxcn,
'i'hoii who ai't the Master of it. ha\-e pitv on mc and conduct
me there aftci' my dcaih." Aftei' laliorin;; for a loim time to
remo\e tlu' suspirion with wlii.'h they had inspired her, 1
l'"'l 'li' n.solatioii of .seciiiL; her d.'part life eutirelv con-
vinced of the truth of the i-'ailh, and with great desire to go
i-ortl.v L'lU'sscd and that liu wi\* ii-solvfd to cxeciitii it. His prcscnis, wliich lie had re-
ceived Iroiii Washiiii.'lon, .Adams, .lelleiv-on and otheys, hr odleeted to^'etlier, with the
exce[plioi' (if his loniidiawl;, ,ind Imrned them. ,\moi his pre>ents tlnis consnnied,
wan a lull uniform of an .Mn.iiean officer, iruhidinu' a.i eleirant -word and his medal
ijiven him hy Wasliiii-|„n. He Ihen seleeled an old and inlimate friend to he his suc-
eessur. ;ind sent to him hi^ tcunahawk and a helt of wampum to announee his resolu-
tion und wishes. Allli.Mi!.'h contrary to their cii-toms. the Seneeas, out of reverence for
his extracu-diuary dream, at once raised up «- chief the person seleeleil hy ('(u-iiplanter,
and iuv.'sied him with the name of (Jyaiitwaka, whicli he hnre iliirim.' his life, foru-
lihmier. after this event, was always known auioii;,' Ilie Inxpiois nnder the niiiiie of
Onono. His tomahawk, the last relic of Corniihmter, is now iu the Sta,e Historical Col-
lection at .\lliany.''
74
to heaven, wliicli made licr iiiiportiiiiatc to bo bapti/AMl as
soon as ]iossil>le. Scciu-ji; licr in so lioly a disposition. T ac-
corded to luT (lesiiv : and f,'oinijr to sco her tlio following day,
1 learned that she had died soon after her baptism. At the
same time, I learned that a yonth wo>in<leil with an arrow,
was in extremity; I ba|)ti/ed him and in an hour afterward,
ho died. Seven adults and ei>,dit children l)apti/.ed by Father
Kalteix, who died shortly after baptism, increased the num-
ber of the elect.''
It was in this y<!ar (1()7.'5) that Krontenai! began the fort,
which subseipiently bore his name, near the outlet of LaUe
Ontario; but in order to (piiet any suspicions the ircxpiois
might take at such a movement, he despatched La Salle to
Onondaga, the capital of the confederacy, to arrange for a
council to be hehl at Kente' the last of Juno, and shoiild he
judge proper, to convey word of the same to the other vil-
lages. The following letter of Father Garnier to Krontenac,
written from Tsonnontouan, under date of July 10, 1073,
(translated from the Margry Documents, 1. pp. 239-240,) will
show how the proposition was received by the Senccas.
"After presenting you witii my most humble respects, and
assuring vou that I share largely in the general joy at your
liappy arrival in the country, praying God that IIo would
assist you by His spirit, in order that your plans may suc-
ceed to the advancement of His holy service; for the honor
of the King, and for the welfare of the whole country, it is
my further duty to inform you of what js passing in this
quarter regarding the King's service. As soon as I received
yourconimands, conveyed liy Sieur de la Salle-, I ma<le them
known to the savag(.'S of tliis nation, which compri.ses three
principal towns: two arc composed of the natives ol the
1 Tlic place wa-< clmnu'eil at llu' n'(iiii'3t of tlu- Iro(iiiois, ami the council was hold al
Ciitanicoul, the silo of llie iiV".K<ti(l fort.
[
laptiz-ed as
ition, T ac-
)wiiig (lay,
1. At llio
an arrow,
afterward,
hy Father
I tlie iiiim-
in tlie fort,
let of Lake
le Irocjuois
Na Salle to
aiige for a
1 sho\ild lie
3 other vil-
Krotitenac,
10, 1073,
1-240,) will
neeas.
!sp(!('.ts, and
joy at your
He would
is may suo-
r the liotior
)iintry, it is
sing in this
s I received
ina<le iheni
prises three
ives of the
iiicil wus hold at
eoimtry, ;inii the third, of the rciimaiits of several Huron
nations, dcsiroycd hy the lro(|Uois. AltogrtluM', they are
abl(! to raise alioiit eight hundred men, eapaltle of conduct-
ing \v,ir against their ciuMuies. 'i'lie chiefs of each vilhce
have been deputed to meet you at the jilace which you have
designated. They liave made peace with all the nations with
which M. dc Courcelies' had forl)i(lden them to make war,
the King having taken them under his protection. They
have recalled all their young men, n.imoreto turn tluMrarms
against that region. Their greatest desire now is, to carry
on commerces with Montreal whither tlu^y will gladly tjike
their skins, if their commodities Hnd as good a market there
as at Orange, where this year they have advanced in price.
They greatly desire that the French should dwell in their
country, above all such as will be mostu.seful, as blacksmiths.
and armorers. These are the re(]uests tiiey make for them-
selves. 1 am, etc."
The French occupation of the Niagara iiiver under La
Salle, in 1(578, rendered itexpedient to send another embassv
to the Seneca.s, to quiet their suspicions, more partieularlv
with reference to the })rojcct of building there a vessel to
facilitate jiurposes of trade.-' The mission was conlided to
the Sieur de la Motte, accoin[)anied by the Recollect Fatiier
Louis Hennepin, who records the journey of five days from
Niagara, in th(> dead of winter', ami their reception at the
Seneca village.-^ Th(> next day after tlu^ir arrival (January 1,
l()7ii), mass was celebrated in the little bark chapel and a
.sermon was iireaclied iiy Hennepin, lioth the Fatli(!rs, (Jar-
nier and RaU'eix, being ]iresent. The council was conveniMl
the following ilay, compulsed of fort v-two sachems; "and
1 'riic pi-cdcrt'ssdr .,r Knuitcnai- .1-^ (Mi\<'ni()r nf New I'lancc!.
■•' Foi' II full nocciuiit nf this iMitiTpiiso nnd tlu' suliscciuoiit fiirtimeii of tho vcf^sel, wu
The liiiiltibiij (iiul ]'<i!/(i;/r (,/■ Ih, (,ii,ff<m in limi, hy O. U. .Mnrfhall.
•' Sh«rt^ Ui'iiiioiiin, lhsf)ii)fl,,n (if l,<ii(hi<uiii, pp. 7.") 81.
altl„.u-h tln'Sf Ii..li:ms (says II.MiiK'pin). wlio luv ulmost all
|;,r^,. nuMi. wciv iii.Mvl.v wnipiH'.! iii rolx's ..f hv.ww <.r wolf
skins iiinl >"iii'' i" I'l'"'!^ S(ininvl skins. ol't.Mi with a i.ipc in
t|„. MHHilli, no SiMiatnr ..f Vcni.'c ever assnnicd a -rravrr
,,„, I, ,,.„;,, irrur spok.- with inoiv wci-iit than the InHjUois
s;„.h."ns in ihcir ass(Mnl>li.'S." After the m\vy\n-r\i'v had
.■xi.h.ii.'Ml -Aw nl.j.'ct, of tins visit, statin.-- " th;it tlic Si-'ur dc
;, •• ,1.., thrir fncii'l. was liMin- t.. ImiM a ,i:iv;it wh.mK'Ii
(_M.' ,-. U) .• ;nul seek l;'>u(|s in l-luruiic I'.v a .iidrtcr w;iy than
,1,,,; .; ti„' •■: li.is.'f till' St. l,:iwrcncr. in onliT t.. supply
,l„.,n with tlu .anu'al a .■hciiper fiitr." witli ..tiicr ivasoiis.
ihc rUSti.ll.iirV plV.-<MltS Wi'lV ( 1 isl Tl! Ml t cm 1 in liclllllf (.f tin'
l.-,,.i„.l, ,,i,tinn, (■.,n>i>tin- -f li-^'Is t.. the viilnc -f f.-ur Iniii-
,1|.,.,| livivs. r.iit l"'f"iv Ins sp.vch. Sicnr dc la Muttc
,l,.,ii;nHlcd th." withdrawal fn.in the .•..nncil. of the .Irsiiil
(lanmT, of whom hi; was suspicions: and llennriMn.' iiioi-
1 Kall.er Lori- IIi-.nnkimn waslmrn iit Atli. \n Hainliiit. II>' .■iil.ml tli.' ..nlir "f Si.
Kr.nci- MS a lU.M.r in Hi.. ll«nM. ct .■..i,v...it at ll.lliuiu. in (lu- pi-.viu.e of Ait„iv II.'
,,,iv..,l in C'ana,la in S,,,.,.,nl...r l.;;:...-,, Ihe-an... v-.-..! «ilh K..la.r, Cayeli.T. Sioir ,1,.
|.,s.,ll.-t..«lH.m Lnni. XIV l.a.l i:nint...l U-ll.Ts.,f noliilil.v aial iM' M.|..'ni.ay ..f I...!
Krol.u.na.-, a >Uml tin,.. prvvLm.. H.' .ionrnry..,! ax a ,nissi,.na.y t.. .lilT,.r..nt p.nnt.^
.,ml from K.nt Kf.n.ti.na. will, a sinijleconMrnninn n.a.l.. a j.mrn..y ..n .n.m-..ln...s t„ 1...
o.nntry..rtl,.' Inapioi,, ^i^i.in^' tin' Onon.la-a-, Onei.la an,l M..lm«k .anl.ins. al Ih.'
latter nu...tli.^'Falh..rl(rnvas,a...l n.alii.i. a ...py ..f lnH/,-„.7«.- .U/'''"'.'. art..,- vvhi.. ,
|„. retun,..,! t." K.,rt KnaUrna.- an.l Iniilt a .nis>i„„ 1,.,,,-.' It. which ln„,n,„. an.l l.f..n,h
,,il.l,...„ «■..,-.. associat...! U-.'-.thur in a ...^...1. In l(i:S lu. was „„.. ..f llu' nninh...;
-..l..c.t..,lt..a....o,ni.aMy l.aSall..in his r.niith v„ya.... ..f ,lis,.nv..ry tnthe s,.nth.w..s o,
,h.. ,'roal lakes. Th.. party U.ft F..rt Kr.mtc.na,. in Noven.h.T. an.l a t..r o.mst.n^'
..lun.'th.. n..rtlu.rn slnav .,f Lake Ontarh. vrach..,! T..iaiai;..n at th.. hea.l ..f th.' lakr.
On the (ilh of |)..e..,nh..r th..y reaeh..,! the >n,a,.h ..f th.. Nia^-ara fiver whi.h .... l.ar,|ne
In.l ev..r yet entere.l. The n..Nt .lay ..x,,l..rati...,s were .na.l.- to tin.l a snitahle plaee 1,.
.i.nstrne. a vessel almve the falls, whi.-h n.snlte,! in sel...tinL' a point <n. <-'ayni;a cieek
„ear tliepr.-si.nt hamlet ..f l-a Salle. While the workmen were en.-ai,-...! in the cm-
.;tr.i.-ii.n. of this, the llrst vess.^l to navic-'ate the npper lakes, he a...-..>npani...l s.enr .1..
la Mott...M. a live days- winter .iourney through the f.-rest to the .reat village S.m..n-
ton.n of the Seneeas, ..f ^vhieh Te^Mr..nhi..s was .hief sachem, an.l h..nee. s.-metiines
,,,|1...|'t, ronhi..s town. This was then ha-ale-l .m 11... west si.l.. of Il..n..oy.. cr....k. a
mile an.l a hair N. N. W. of llon,...ye Falls. Father .Inlian (iarnier was th.'!. ineharL'e
of the .Misshm at this villa.'e, a.al Sieur .le la Motte refi.se.l to .leliver his messa,... t,.
the eoiincil in his pr..sence, for whi.-h reason (oirnh.r witlulrew accmpani...! hy Hem,..-
nin b,.thhi^'hlv..lTen.k.,l. The v..ssel, nann.l the laitl.m, was lamiehe.l ,.arly ,n Ihe
Iprin.- hm.ledwithafor^e.ship carpenter's to..l» and the iron w.,rk for a vessel to he
iilmost all
el dl' wolf
I ;i iMpc in
a ;iia\<'r
■ lr(ii|U(iis
iiTliT had
(' Sk'UI- (Ic
it WhimIcII
• \\;iv tliau
to >Up|il\
.'!■ rcasiiiis.
lalf (-!' tlw
four Inni-
la Mottr
the .I('~uil
I'lmi.' uior
till' ortlir iif SI.
■ of Arlciis. Ml'
ivclicr, Siciirdr
•i'_'tii(iry i)f Korl
iillircnt point.''.
KlW-sllIX'!' to till'
caul 1)11*. Ill till'
ifn. iifliT wliicli
iiois iiiiil Kri'iicli
of till' lllimlHT
e sonlliwi'sl iif
I afliT CDUstiiif.'
leinl iif till' liiki'.
ivliirli nil biirqiu'
suit.ihli' pliu'i' lo
ni t'ayui;ii cri'i'k
ii;i'<l ill tliu con-
ipimiiil Sienr ilu
t villin;!' Siiiion-
ii'ncc. soini'tinu's
lloni'oyi' iTi'i'l<. a
lis ilu'ii ini'liaiL't'
T liis nifssai^c to
lanicii liy Ilfniic
L-liud early in llii'
ror a vosKol to lie
tilioil at tlio airi-oiit L'iviMi to tlic iiiissioii;ir\- of ili,. villnL'c.
witliilfcw witli hiiii ainl took no fartlirr part, lor that daw in
thi' pronvdin-S. 'I'lif nrxt ihiV the .S'Hrras ivpllrd to the
piv>ciit.>^, artiric iiy .-irtic'h'. cxprcoinu- th.'ir siti-lartioii and
'l"''i' tlianks. On tin' last dav -.f thr icninril, a hand of
Seneca warriors l.ri)n<j:lil in a •■ IIontona,L;-;ilia" captive and
aft(>r suliieetini^- him t.) the ciistom.arv torlnres. allowed the
children tocnt Kits of llesh from the dead ImuIv, and eat tlcm.
Disiiiisted with the whole scene, d.' I, a .Motte and his com-
panions withdrew from the ehiefs I'ai.in and without dclav
retracci! their steps thr.iM'jh the f.irests to the Niaiiara I'iier.
Ill the meanwhile the work of the missionaries, iiov. In
forced hy the arrival of Father .lohn I'ierron from the .»|,
hawk, was eontcst.i;d at evcrv step, cspeeiallv liv tin med-
icine men, who were ever nsiiii:- their inlliieiice with the
people, for th;- perseciitiiin of the missionaries, "(i,-, 'lier
was licensed of sorcerv. .ind a- aceiisatioii and condemnatioii
were nearly .synonymous, they determined to toina vk him.
'i'he e.Neciitioncr was named and paid : Init Coil averted tin'
iiiiill on llic lmiiks,,r ilic niinoiH river, and marhM on its prriloiis voya-o Au-iim 7.
KiT!). CoastiM- aloiiu' 111.' iiortli sli„re of Luke l-:rie, Ihn.iiLdi laken St. e'lai'r and lliiioii.
they reaehed St. I-naee of Micliilliniaeinar. and aflerwaid an island at tile enlianee of
(ireen li.iy, uliere the ear-o was unloaded and iraiisf.Tied to small lioats, anil the vessels
reloaded with furs and sent liaek to Nia-ara. Tlioy reached the soiitliern e.Mieiiiity of
I.akeMiehi-aii Octolier -.Nth, from which two routes led to the Illinois; one IbUowed
hy .Maniiielte and .loliet on their return l.y way < f Desplaines and t'liicai;o river- ; the
other hy way of St. .loscph'.s on the ,ast side of the lake, to present South Head, and
thence hy a short iiortai;e to the Kankakee imd down it t„ the Illinois. I,a Salle chose
the hitler and consiructed at the mouth of St. .loscpli's a fort nameil the Kort of Mia-
niis. On the 3d of Decemher they ascendeil the St. .Joseph's lo the portau'e. and thence
descended the Kankakee and Illinois to present Peoria, where a second fort was coiii-
inenced under the siirnilicaiu name of Fu:f Cn r,nin/r i<r the Itroken Heart, for this
apparently marked the extreme western limit of l.n Halle's third attempt and t'liinl fail-
ure t., reai'h the -reat Mississippi. Here the kee. was laid of a l.aniue. in which it was
I.roposed to descend the Mississippi From here, with two companions, Michael
Accanit and Anthony Anf,'iielle. Hennepin, on Kebrnarv^Mith, wmh sent to explore the
upper Mississippi, and lay the foundation for missions anion- the nnkn<.wn tribes
They descended the Illinois to the Mi.ssissippi and thence ascendin- the lattcT thromdi
the drirtin« ice. were on the lllh of April ICHIl, e.iptured hy a party of !',•(» Sioiix who
were descendinj,' the river to make war on the Miami's, Illinois and Tam«roas.-,J. S. C.
lf*<J
78
l.lnw. Kntr.MN s.MiMlit to l.';i(l :i ^ly'uvi ,Lnrl to llir tnitli, l)Ut
siiL'li WHS the hiilri'il tlu'ii iiri'vailiuL'' ;i,L'aiii.-l tli'' iiiis>i<'ii!ifii'S,
tliat she spniii:!; fn'iii llic sick I'uiicli ami t.uT his I'ai-i' wit'i
lior nails, till lif slivaiiiol with liln.nl. llcirHl not hMwcviT,
dcsi'air; coiilimiii);.' his visits, his kiml ami L'tnllf inamiiTs
disabusinl her. She listoiicil. was conviiu'i'il, and to his con-
solution (licil piously uttt-rin^' a prayer to .Icsns the (livi-r of
life.'"
1 8ho«'« CallioW' .Wj»»ion(i. 81)8 3.
lltll, l)Ut
itiiiiirios,
iiiwcvt'r.
iiiiiimrrs
liin t'oii-
(iivt-r ol
VIII
Tliis ctiiiptcr will (\)n(!lii(l.' the liistorv i>f tlic Sciiccii Mis-
sions ; and comprises all tliat iiiav lie ^MtlidHMl from l{,-l,i
film IHT.'i !».'
Father iiafVcix writes from Sounoiit(niaii in lliese torms :
" We endeavor to let nocliildrcndio without huptism. I have
conferred it on many this year, l(!7o, several of whom died
after recoivin-? it. As they are our surest <,'ain, they form
our ^rreatest eonsolalion, and wc' wateh over tlietn witfi
ai)eeial eare, and Uod very often in re;4ard to these innocent
little ones diseovers tlie treasures of liis s})eeial Providenc^c.
Freipiently mothers who had no inclination for the faith have
come to me to restore to health their dyin<r children, who
expired after I had jriven tliem spiritual health liy haptism,
instead of the hoilily health they had hrou/^ht me to confer.
I had for six months been wateiiin-r a sickly little child.
Our fear of makinjj; apostates, in case they recover from dis-
ease, makes us wait to the last, till dan^'erof death. S.itan
envious of the <rlory which this child will render to God for
all eternity in heaven, it was carried away to a cabin remote
from the village, and deep in the woods.
besides this 1 hianied that it was dyiIl.!.,^ One day as I
was ready to say mass, I was told that some; were ^foin<f to
that cabin. 1 had l)CLf<j;ed tliem to let mc know when any
one was g()in>r. 1 left the villa>^e with tho.se who .-et out to
go there, and I ascertained the road they took. After mass
1 The several IriinKliitioiH roiitaiiied in lliin clmpter woro miide l.y Dr. ,I„liii (iilmary
Shea, for Uiu prcBciit work.
80
I stiirtol. 'I'lii' chilir.-* ^iiMiiliiiu iiii'ji'l iii;i(li' iiic liiid pinplc
lit I'vrrv fork of the roiid. r>iil 1 sIdiiM ncvr li;i\r u"!
tliori'. Iiail iiiit, tlirt'c vniinir I'liililn'ii. who lia<l c'(.iiir Irmn ihc
|ilacc wliitlicr 1 was ).'<'ii)^f, ami wl:i> \vciv mi tlinr way \\>>\\\r.
(•lian,i;vil tlirir iniiul. Tlicy tui'iii'.l liad; with inc. ImU ^'aiii
piTnl aroiiiul in tin- wtmils so liiat I lost >i'jlit of tlicm. I
oviTlouk tlii'iii at last an'l riMi'licil ilir imIiui, lait foiiml ncitlMT
tlic nintlicr nor tlir '\\\wj. I'liild tlidv. altlion-!i tlir tliivc
cliiMivn liail left till-Ill iIk'Iv >liortlv licfoiv. I smt tlncc
tinier lo call the niotlicr from a nci'j'lilioriii'j licM to wliidi
siif was in till' lialiit of t'oinii'. 'I'lirri' tiinrs, t.'o, I went llirrr
nivscif, ami as I was rrtiirnin'-: tlif last time si iitiTnl the
raliHi with hrr .•liiM from another <lirn'tion. 1 ivmai 1
some time with it wliilf she went to frtdi water, uliidi i nscil
to liapti/t' the chilli, which 'ticil soon after.
Von sec iiow a inissioiiarv should not spare himsclt, 1 -'t
if he has not Lireal tact, he will lose manv o|i.pi rt iinilics of
acting' foi' the salvation of the children.
" Last, vear they haptixi'd lioit Iroquois. 'I'he yeai' licfuie
Father (larnicr hajitizcd oo in one of the Seneca towns, and
l-'ather i'ierron !• ■ at Sonnoiitonan.''
lil'-.I^A'IIoN' ll'>7;l -I, C'llAl'. V. MIS.slON.S ()!•■ .sT. MICIIAKI. \M>
>(■. .lAMlOS AMOMl 'I'llK i^l'lNKi'.V.s.
If the liiiiians of tlio town of St. Michael wero as well
weaned from the superstitions of the country as they have
liitherto preserveil themselves from the vice <if drunkenness,
tlu'i-e would he no diiliculty in makin.Lr them Ljcnuinc Chris-
tians. Most of them solie-it haptism fi'oni i''atlicr (iarnier,
who is ohliLied to refiist.' them, hecau.so they will not renounce
certain daiiees and other superstitious ceremonies, whicli they
employ as remedies in sickness. Two thin.irs render tlii'ir
attachtiK^nts to this kind of folly more dillieult to hreak.
1 |irii|i|c
; I \ r ^1 it
Viiiii tilt'
y Imiiic'.
lit si'aiii-
lii'iii. I
I llfitluT
ir thrn-
lit tlilt'i'
.1 wliicli
■lit tlicrc
■ml the
I'liiiinii'il
li I iK.'il
iscir, i-'t
lllitH'S <lt'
II' lii'l'iirr
wiis, ar.il
\i;i, AND
iis well
li'V llMVI'
li\rllll<'SS,
lie Chris-
(iililiicl'.
I't'lMillllcr
licli tlicy
Km- tlii'ir
I) l>reiik.
81
'''"' '■''■"' '^ ''"' f"'^" '"'I f ivrnvcririir thnr Ii.,,!il, ],y this
","■•''"'• ''''"• •'"' ' '■' ""• l""lit whirh iiKi„vi|..nv,.'lV.m,
'"■'"• l'l"^li"^n,.tpivv.M,t,.,| twM uf th,.,H.,.,vst|-,iMnlirsiii
'l;"'"^^ii li"ins..itni... ;inrx,M,n|,|,.,,r ,■,„„•...,. ,.„„| |i,|,.|„v„,
'""'•"" •'"• "">'■'■ ^"llliiralih'.ih.'lMiiilrh il. I.\ ;,l,;il„|.,|,iM..thr
';'■'"■" ''■ ''"'^•' -M|"TMltln|,., thrv ,|..,,Mvr,| I h..,„>,.| vr. nf
'iM'nnlvstMvlrf, thi.,nt,M,.|i..vrtl,..ir,,,.v,.mnMi| ..M,v,n,.
Ill till',-.' )i.M,r savjiiivs. sitiiilar rilVi-is of
want. \Vr ul'tfii M'.'
•■' l"'\v.Tf.il,ura.M.. aiirM.haii ir.tii, v i.i ury virtnr
A lliin.i. ■.voM.an. whn ha,| 1,,,,. I,..,.|, ;, Christian, alt-r
''•'""'- ''''■'' '".^'••■■•'t i •.'iHT i„l,iii,.,| with I, h .h'h
'M'TmI ,.,,„..,,,„.,., |V,.lin,^ |„.,s,,|f attarkr.l l,v a .i.\,.|v ,h>.
'•'■'''• "'"""" I '!"■ '•'•■'"'••I' ^'> •-. toassinv him. n, th..
I"'*'"'"' ' ■•'" l"''' iMii'liv.hthat .hrwi> I t.M|i,.,ssh..ha,|
'"'■''• '■'•"""""•iiivvrrvlhiiiu at \anai w,ih h.T ,,r..h.<M..n
"' '■'"■'^"■'"ity. A. slir s , saw h.rsrif l„..,.t l,v thr
"""'"■""• '"■■ii=Hi'ls.M,thsa,vrrsnf ihiTuuMtrv. w ■..;..! h.T
"'I'"''"'""'"""" I'Msttofll hiTtI aiis..;.|- hiT-lrath <Un
"■" '"•■' '■''"" '" '"• ''i'l "I' their i.M|.nrtiiiiitv. aii.l .Jvin- as
''"■ "■•'"■ ''■•"' li''i'>''lf -am...! I,, the iiii.Mh' nf th.. lirlils
'''"'"'■" ^''" '^'''"- '"''•^l< 'I". Kathrr t, .,.,,„„. ,n,| sii vst, to
iin-swiiir ,,i,,„s,,|,,v..rs. This iiulih. art „irrit...| h.r ..l.taiii-
m^.iisa ivwar.1 ill this hlr. thr ,.,„iv,.rsi,,u ,,|- h.r hMshaml
\\lnh-sh..hv..| li.' woi, 1,1 nrvcr listen tnaiivthiii.^mr.-anlti.
ins l-in,.l,a,iti/..,l: l.nt. as s,.„n as she was ,h.a,l. h,. was the
(irst t.. ask this favnr, with L:ivat,eanM.stiH.ss. Tims ,1,,,.. (i.„l
'lisplav m these far .■i.iiiUries, as well as elsewhere, that he is
the Master uf hearts, f. tni„.ji ,.,,1,1 attra.-t then, ellieaeiously,
'" ""•"""■•"I'i 111 the maimer that ii.. pleas,... I[e s,.,.„,s f„
'■■^l'"''' ■•^'•'"^' "t 'Ih' irnf .leath. aii.i ,..npl,,vs li,„lilvail-
nu-nt t,. restore health to th,. soul, as h,. ,|„1 m the ..as,.' ,,f a
vouiii: woman, the infeetioi, ,.xlialm,i: fr..in whose li,„lv |,a,l
M.a.le them turn out of .several i-ahms, although the In.lians
'"•e fai on, ,„..,. ,„ „„,|, ,„,^^,,.^_ .,,,_^. „^i,,,- ,„.,,,^, ^^,^^^ ^^.„
S'.*
Irs.s i^u, ami lliis inrcrtiwiis n 1 )r diil n.>t prevent liis assiduous
visits t(i insli'uct her. llcloinul licr vorv well .lispostMl by
tlie lively aiilireliensinii nl the sulVeiMU,L;s of a future lif''. ami
by ilee]i s(prrow for liaviuu' iii'lul^eil iu a life of sin The
Katliei' (lei'uied it expedient to LH'ant lier the ,l; race of baj)-
lisin, and he had I'easou for prompt action, for the sai'ratnent
was inmie>liately followe I by deatii.
Thei'c are. others whom God eonverts by the ministry and
exhortations of those who resist eonversion tlieinselves. An
Indian of the town of the Coneeption has already obtained
the salvation of several of his relatives, but has heeii unwill-
ing to labor for his own salvation. He is a man of very
good sense, who has always taken pleasure in the instruction
of the missionaries. As he has nineli intellcet, he is well
versed in the mysteries of our reli.t^ion ; he calls himself a
Christian by choice, although his life has hitlierto rendered
him unworthy of bai)tism. When he learns that any of his
relatives or friends is dangerously ill, he goes and instructs
him, and to be more easily believeil by the patient, he assures
him that he has long examined what the Black Gowns say,
and that after all his examination, he could find notiiing that
did not conform to the truth ; that moreover he is persuad-
intr them oidy to do what he intends to do himself; and he
intends really to solicit baptism when he sees he is going to
die. He says these things so appositely and skillfully, that
scarcely one fails to be convinced, or be perfectly prepared
by him to receive that sacrament. He did this recently so
hapjiily in the case of one of his nei)hews, that Father Gar-
nier was delighted at the fervor with which this young man
solicited baptism, and the rare dispositions with which he
received it.
But of all the means which God employs most in these
three towns of St. Michael, Si. James and the Conception,
which belong to the nation of tlie Seneeas, tluit which most
83
Wlicadously rciiwrts tlu« In.iians, is mis-Tv and Immi.t al)an-
'loncl hv all civatuivs. None aro lH-l,t,,T ,lis|,.,sr.l t., hear
instnu-tions or more prompt in olK-yiiijr tlio niovcmmts of
gni<-c. t'.iaii the poor slaves or other persons destitute of all
succor, and forsaken l.y all the world. These trive the mis-
sionary tlie, frreatest consolation, and amid their t(Mnporal
Kuscnes. they more voluntarily receive the K'>'>d tidin.^s of
then- eternal ha].piness. The Father has l,apti/e.l this year
some of this class, and they all live as true Christians. " lie
rnioht have expected the same success witli many others, if
lie had had time enough to continue to instruct' them and
at the same time attend the sick who have been very nam-
erous. and many of whom died after receiving baptism.
MISSION OK THE CONCEl'TION AT SONNONTOUAN.
Father RafTeix, who has charge of this mission writes as
follows: "The great number of superstitions, which have
gathered here with these tribes, which have taken refuge here
after the destruction of their own countrv, raises up a very
notal)le obstacle to the propagation of the .^ospel The
remoteness of the Frcncli, whoso settlements the Senocas
rarely visit, makes the teaching of our Faith seem strancre t,.
them. ],ecause they have luwcr seen any one believe^md
practice it. Moreover libertinage and moral corruption which
makes them publicly approve an.l praise all vices, do much
to induce them to live like beasts, and make them insensible
to all t;.at concerns salvation. Not but that a vcrv -rood
natural disposition is obsc.-val.lc in >nany, and that mo^t of
them are much loss subject to their passions than Europeans
But where corrupt nature ales, men give way to bad exam-
pie, and these rich natures which will one day do wonders
when virtue controls them, are as yet too weak to resist
iinman respect. Few adults would die without rcceivin-
84
1nii>tisiii, if wo coiilil lind llicm alone In instruct tlicni : Imt
tlic slianu; of jnissinL'' for Cliristiinis in tlu" ryv of tliosc who
arc not. is a ureat olista(;lo to tlicii' conversion. Ami for tliis
reason I l:avc liccn unalilc this year to liapti/.e more than ten
adults, wlio all (lied after iveeivin^- that lllessin,L^ Many of
tho.se who i>rav to God when they are alone in the chapel.
would he ashamed to do so ln'fore those who do udt pray.
A V(jun,L;' woman took poison in conse(picnce ot some Lii'iev-
ous displeasure she had received. 1 went to >ct' her in hci-
ca'.)in sevei'al times tospeak to licrof her salvaiion. Unman
ri'speet sealed her lips. From time to time 1 took her ic/me-
dies and some delicacies, that she miuht relish nioiv easily
what ! said of (ioil. and of the eternal happiness oi' misery
of her soul. As lon.i:- as liei' husliand or mother was !ie:ir
her, sIh! would not speak at all. I saw clearlv that I mint
lind lu'r alone, and that very soon, foi' she was near hei' end.
1 went there sometimes so early or <o late that I lost mv way
in the fields as 1 returned. .\.t last one day when her hus-
band was away, and her mother went for water, she opened
her lu'art to me, praying to (iod with mnch fei'voi' to pardon
her sins. She then listened very voluntarily to the instruc-
tions 1 aave her, and prepared to re./eive liapt.ism. All. it is
true, are not so completely slaves of human res|)cct. * >ne ol
the saehems of the town called me to say : " lleiv are mv
nieee and Li'i'and-dauuiiter. who can do no more, tliev have
lingered long. Tell them clearly, all ahout the prayer, so a>
to pre[)are them as well as you can to l)(X'ome. Christians.
[ should regret it deeply, if this old num. wdio is not yet
baptized, should himself lo.se the grace, which two <>[ his
daughters, his nieee ami grand niece have I'eceived this year ;
and which, we have grounds to believe, they carried unsul-
lied to heaven, for they died .soon after baptism.
Traveling one day with a man who was i-eturning from a
war party, iis L eonversed with him on |-cligion and the my>-
85
n ; liur
i.-f wliu
fol' tins
liiiii ti'ii
laiiy tif
(•!ki|i(.'1.
<l I'rtiy.
(■ Li'ricN •
r ill licr
Iluniaii
T l'(.MIR'-
' easily
• misery
as !i(';ir
1 iinHt
AVI' cml.
iii\' way
icr luis-
iilieiK'il
1 panl'Mi
instl'ile-
All. it is
One of
arc iiiv
.'V have
iT. sti as
tians."
lint yet
(> !.)[ liis
lis year :
'll llllSlll-
iS IVdiii a
tlie iiivs-
t-nos of faiih, Ik. rdatcl to me tiut of the ehi,.f. ,,i
their army, hohlhin- <,„„K.il near th(> eiiemv's eonntrv, ha,|
sahl that they must -o fearlessly into a<-ti,.i). ' - For mv' nirl ■■
'' ">""""'l- "I nil, far from ,.|,lerlaii:in.- anv h'ar- fori
l<n..wlhat .lothiii- happens lo „s. exeept l,v the permis<„,n
"I Inniwhoisin heaven, whom 1 a.lore ami whom I mvoke
siiHv I eml,raee,l I'll rist .ai.ity.- W ,1 th;,l all po>se.se,|
'li"-:HMeeo„ra,^e. aii.l eoiiM riseal„,ve Immai, nspeet
,''■"'""" •'^l"-''-^'l"" pleasure wliieh I h.|, o .,,„.■ an
';''' •"^'" "I"' l''"""'''M a Christian lor several veaix aiHi who
'''"'■" '"" '"''""- I" 'I"' ' iitry. -Ah.- he saiil ■■ When
will It hemv happiness 1,, remove to the e,,nntrvof Kai,I,
;' = """- ""■ "''■'■'H'h. ami live no |,,n^er where do,] h i„ '
Hot
^nownan.I where lie,ssoof,enoiren,|e,l? How happv -honhl
I live ami .lierimon, mv I'lvihren, the ( 'hristians of Onehee
'"•'" '"l"''''!'''" laMa.,h.|aineV If land mv lamilv )lo not
^-•on leave this eonmrv. mv son. my .Taial-,ia,„h,er an,l mv
^^■";' ;^-'" '"--^l—'l to lose ihelaith am,,) ,l„s inhdeluv
^'"'' ''"''^"H-herv, wheiva> if tliev liveil anion, ■ ChriMi'ins"
;IhT w.H.M I,,.., ve.ll,vlo||,.w,n,iheire,„„l ,,„,,-. ' „;
nas aeeonlin^ly re>olve,|. eosi what It will, to set out a month
'"'"<•" t" >vs,deat(..iiehee. Ilewilino, ae, ,„|,.sh ,, with-
•■nt^reat roil and diliienltv. < iod has his predestined everv-
where; hut this oo..,! .,,,,,!,,,, I, ^,,,,,^.,.^^,,,,j,^^,_.^^,^^^^_^^^^^^^
" "-'11 1- l"i- lervent and zealons missionaries, win. ,.on',e
iH^iy .eten to eiihivate ,|iis nn^ratefnl and sterile land -o
make llie seed yield a hundred h.ld.
^ Of the nnmher,.f these j.redestined. are espeeiallv the
HUle<.hildreii, whom we endeavor never to allow to die i,n-
'apti/ed. 1 have ..onferred it. on a -ivat iinml„.r this vear
I'-ni-teeii of them died after reeeiving it. As ihev arc our
•■surest gam, they are aL«) our greatest eoiisoliition
Tlie following e.xtraet.s eml.raeo all that is conta'ine<l in the
l^elatioiiseoneerning the Seiieea Mis.sious from 107;:! to 1(J7«)-
8fi
UELATION 1()74.
"If Katlier Curlioil does not siiuctify liiniM'lf ns tnu<:h as
he acsircs, it is ccrtaii: that he (1<k;s so, as do Fathers (hiruier
•ui.l llatrei.v in the towns of Sene.^a, \v].ich are the rnosc
ivn.oto from us, and also apparently from th<> Kaith. How-
ever these two brave missionaries make many cnqnests
from the enemy. Katlier Pierron has -one to join them to
take care of a large town, wliieh we have not been able
hitherto to provide."
KKLATION 1(175, MISSION AMONCx THE IROQUOIS, CALLED
SONNONTOUANS.
Fathers Pierron, RatTeix and Gamier, who labor in three
different towns, are, so to say, oblige.! to carry their lives m
their hands at all times, for they are in almost habitual dan-
ger of being massacred by those savages.
° In fact, since the Senecas entirely defeated the Andas-
to'uies who were their ancient and most formidable ene;uies.
their ii.solence knows no bounds. They talk o.dy of renew-
ing- thewM- against our allies, and even against the brench.
and bcinning by the destruction of Fort Catarokoui. They
not lomr since resolved to tomahawk Father (iarmei. treat-
in.r hitn as a sorcerer. T^iey had not only selceU'd. but
oven paid the man who was to strike the blow, and we
should no longer possess this missionary had not God pre-
served him bv a most .i ip iku Providence. All these msnlts
do not prevent the Fatiier- '-om performmLT their i'liu-t.ons
boldly, civing instruction in their cabin and chapels, where
thcy'h'a've bapti/..Ml more than a hundred persons within a
year and tliev lin.l that lifty, children and adults, die every
year! after baptism. However, if these savages take up arm.s
;,oainst us, as thcv threaten, our missions are in great dan-
ger, either of being ruined or at least interrupted, as long as
the war lasts.
:nu(;li as
(laruier
he rnosc
. llovv-
tlu'iii to
.'cii able
CALLED
ill three
r hves in
tual (lan-
c Aiulas-
ioneiaios.
i)f ronow-
j Kreiieh.
li. They
liei, treat-
jcUmI, hut
, !it\il wo
(j<)(l pre-
ese insults
t''iurtioiis
leis. wlicre
* within a
, (lie every
ic n\) arms
great chin-
as lonu' as
87
UELATIOX l()70-7.
The upper Iroquois, that is to say. those whose Ian. Is are
most reinot>- fnnu the French settlena.Tits, espeeiallv the
Seneeas and Cayugas. are the most haughty and insolent of
all. They go so far as to pursue the nii.ssionaries tomahawk
ni iiaud, pelt them with stones, demolish their chapels and
thou- little oabin.s, licupmg on them a thou.sand other kinds
of gro.ss ill treatment.
* * * * * * * .» -x.
1 ean diaw nothing else from the letters of Fathers de
Carhoil, Pierron, KafToix and Gamier, who are among the
upper Irocjuois ; their greatest and almost sole occupation is
U) surter, and so to say, die each moment, under the blow of
continual throats and insults which these savages necessarily
breathe against them, hi spite of all tlii;", they liave not
neglected to wrest many souls from hell. For his part.
Father Pierron has baptized since a year ago, ninety of these
Indians, almost all children, of whom liftv died after baptism.
* * * * * * " * * *
In one town of the Seneca.s, where FatherGarnier is, there
have died within a year forty children and forty adults, bap-
timl. As for Father Kallei.x, who is in another town of the
Seneca.s. he rej.orts that ho jM-ofited well by a pulmonary
disor(U;r with wliicli God has chastised those savage inhabi-
tants, and which carried oil" in a month sixty small children.
"I have not sinired myself in order to be able to obtain the
grace of baptism for them, as well as for tho.so adults whom
God made known to be Jlis in the course of this fatal
malady."'
KELATIOX l()77-8.
Further on. [-'athors Ralleix an.l (iarnier, who an; at Son-
nontoua!:, an.l where the danger is greatest (because it is the
nation which more especially desires war) have conferred
8»
,,„,,„„. ,i„s vcar bai-lisin -n two huiulr.Ml niul Uvrlve. lunon:^'
■.•h.>„. llirreare u.oro than sevcHy chiMreu, a luut ..I Nvh.m.
have -c-n." to iucreaso tlie cliuivli triumi.haiit.
i,.,,,,n' rvidcntly svas rocalliMl in KuT, and KatluT
■,.avinL;- Father -Inhan <iarinri"
Father 1'
UillToix' some \H'ars hitcr
writinu- to SiegMihiy, .Inlv S, H>54, sa\.-
aloiic.
DeMeul
Father (iarniei-, a
.lesuil, who was a i
iiissiuiuiry to the suiil
, Kath.v .loMS lMKr.....N -• nn. to V.u,uU .lunc i'^h. UK. from 11... I rov.nrv of .
' 1 , 1«>1S wl,..n Kath..,- I'-RMMin was son to tlu- S..n.Mas. hr was mh-.t., .■(!
„„.,„., l.,an,M- '''''''7:'':'' ',.,„,,,,, ,„ „ir... wliiU. iM attoulat.o. at a .ouiuM, «
m„„j. wl„c I ,1 K,,t» .i.TliUT.l that !,.■ <o„M „.. l.»,i:o- c.inlinui. ,„ a pla..'
,,,,,,.,,H.t...-,.iss,..ao;.^-^^ "■ "-'• ■""> '-"'"
:!";"; :m ; ,• l.^,ue « .a„y o..a o.s,o„.s. „o,. ti,dr «t.a..,„„>.„t to fa.„.s,
iun a - ' . -"I'l"'" ^■a.U-..'i-l.erto th. v..ic. of Il..avo, o,- that ot
„, ,!,.• A„tl,..r .)f Uf'' . t >..l m. l,u,, ,,i,„ii.|,..a (iara...„,ti... tl,..()„o„.la.-'a.
U,,as,,p,.,.s,itionsa„,li„.le.-..n,,la,u^..ss^ouU...t l^^l. a ^ ,^ ^^^__^.^ _^^
rc„tl..r...l ■■mri.M,. aUl in sc..u,-,ni.' t >,s "^ "''■,'* ,,,„,„(,, ,,f ,„al,li.l,i„u la.lian
„„,„d .1>. F,-..„.-l, on .1- cast. a...l --'";;; ^^^U . i.^ ft-n N.w K„.la„,l
'"""■""":' ""."";:,:.• I m »«,>. I.n..e fo,iowi„« year .,e^v..s at Is,..
HKO H.. ai..,l at (in.l,.... i» IT-,'-), l-rok-n <low„ w,tl, vrars an.l lotl.
K M .r 1.-, ,.s .iAKN.KU, wan „ora at f..,„...ral i„ tl,. ..iocs. ..f Ma„s. al,o„t 1. . .
\ ; , w r . tt celei.rat...l H.„o,lio,i„.. U«r„i.r. He oa.n.. t.. Cat.a.la, w„l,.
""' ""', , , Oc h.^Uita a„.l, after .eael,i„^ so,„e years. e,.„,plete,l l„s M„,l,e.
,t,llascholasl,c. ntktol, , 1 ,~.a,, ^-ui, M.eoes^ l.is linal exaiim.ati..,, in
S^ue r s ;:: ^e";. ;;! :;:::o.i::a;::r,a„„re. a, o„ei.>a. o,. ..ana ...
:.::•';;;;...«.,. ■.et,.r...... ate as nt. ana a^
i:;;;; -;:;;'r;;;: L:r o^^:!::::;; s:;::;;:r;;- .y of i,is .a. a.,a a„s...ri,y.
89
of whom
,11(1 Katlui-
: (iariiii'i'
i;84, says :
lo the saiil
vinif ol Cliaiu-
wiiK MHi'i'tKled
■ III a iDuncil, a
erstiliou^ I'l'i'''-
.'lll it I'XpiMllfllt
iniif in a plai'f
cr of 111'' tri'Ut-
liaviiii; iiiMiltoil
1 :ii l\u- iiidispii-
I'lii, and addi'd
iiufiit to fal>U>s.
* Id^iiii: lii^ time
.■avcii <ir tliut iif
iod. Tills «avr
iumI tlial llii'iici'-
I'll a rtoii'.'iiitidii
■ tlu' t'tck ; and
■ . tlii'Onondaua.
cd ill Acadia li>
alilifliiii;; Indian
m Ni'w Eii'^laiid
IS sent to liandii-
■opc ill UmS. Sit
■pt. iM llewai-
Iks ill \'J'>'> • was
■ lio w IS at Isle
and honccas till
SciHvas, after lH'iii,<rinfon,i,.,| s.vivilv .-f intnitinn i,, „,:,k,.
war. . ■<,,,, „.,1 in t,h,. sai.l l.ar.|ii<' {. Inult l,v tlic (lovcnmr
t.- tra.l.'ou Lake Oiilari..), which wa~- anrliuiv,! m ;, Iml,.
riwrscv.'ii h«a-u,"s I'n.in their vilhuv, aih! whciv ail ilir In,.
qiiMJ^ iisei] to funic tn trade." | N. V. (,',,]. |),„., \\ ,, ^-jii l
III Noveiuhrr 171)2, Mr. De ( 'ninens ,,,n„„ii„v,| ih,,i K^^lier
(ianiier and Fallier Vaillant' had -mie to the Seiieeas, ae-
<'"»ipanied hy Capt.ain I),. .Marie,.iirt, ;ii,d some Freiieh men
to arrange their estaMishnient. |il,. ,, T;-;. | (i;,,„i,,. ;,,m1
\ aillaiit musl have left s i afi,.,-, as (iarnier w;is sent hark-
in 170;], (il). 7o():)aiid Vailkmt in 17ol. lih. |,. 7(;l>.) 'I'here
was a mi.s.sionary as kite a.s 17U(), ^h. |i. 77r,.)
I Kailn.r Fran... Va>u.,vnt i.k Cksms. ran,,. ,., r,„„.,ia as a stud..,, in ,.i:„ ,0-
..■ivcdlioly orders at qurh^; I),.,.,.„il.,.r ,s,, ir,r.-,. a.x-onlin^- U, ,h. /.i.',. a,ro„„/„„;,,.„
and r,,da..d Fatli,.- liniyas ,. Mi.si„„„r, „, Tio„no„,o„„.„ „..,„. ,.,..,„ c;a „uX
.n Vux II,. was r..-,d,.,it anions; tliv Mohawks in Pis:., and accon.panlod DoionOlii.'s
rM.|d,tn.n at-amsi ,l„. s,,K.,.as in Kisr, and in th. l.c^innin- of Hi-H vi>i(..,l AM.anva,
•Anilias^ador lo (iov.rnor Donj^an on lli. part of tin. Canadian CJovmnneni, on uhich
o,-ras,o„ IR. aninitt.d l,inis..ir willi al,il>ly.-.V, „■ )•„,<■ ro,n.ril Min„U,. V. 311 At tl,„
oonHnsion of this n.,o,ia,io„ li.. pro,.....U.d to Catararoiiy. iprosm, Kingston. '..srortnl
hytuo Indians, who wct. s,.„t by (iov.rnor Don,.,,, to prm-.n, , havintj any Inter
oonrso with t e Moliawks, 1,|. f.,r,„,.r llo.K. The l.reakin. on, of Kin. WMIian.' war
"•""I"' al.andonnient of Kort Cataiaeony, diove him bark l„ Cana.la, bnl after the
peace he was sent in r.„y.l with Father (iarnier ,m, a mission lo the Senecas, bv whom
(^ was depmeil Ml UUi to (Mvernor Vamlienil to demand satisfaction for „ v olat o
.1(0 Ireatyon the part of the Ottaw.is. „e returned immediately to the Se ,e „.
conribnted to thwart the etforts of Col. Schnylerat Ononda.a who soi,,d, re
.n, le I.,ve Nations to expel the French tnissionaries.- fharlevoix H, S<J.J .■..„„
Vaillan was succeeded in imr in the Seneca Mission by the Rev. Father d ileu a d
rctnrned to France In in.-,,-OTulhm'lian, N. Y., Col nis,„ry IX W
Mans, about MM.
to Canada, while
lileted Ins studies.
i\ exaniiiialioii in
lonihiL'a and Sen-
liniary, ITHO. He
rtho derived from
nsteriiy.
o-
A.
LBFe'lO
1^<iJ
0^*1 <
EARLY CHAPTERS
:)F
SENECA HISTOPvY.
1656— 1684.
i