The pulse is regulated by the autonomic nervous system through the cardiac sinoatrial (SA) node. ______ stimulation of the SA node via the vagus nerve decreases the heart rate, and _______ stimulation of the SA node increases the heart rate and force of contraction.

A.

Sympathetic; somatic

B.

Sympathetic; parasympathetic

C.

Parasympathetic; sympathetic

D.

Parasympathetic; somatic

E.

None of the above

2.

Tachycardia is a pulse rate between ____ and ___ bpm. (separate answers with a space)

3.

WHich of the following doesn't contribute to bradycardia

A.

Obesity

B.

Medications

C.

Being alseep

D.

Being a man

E.

None of the above

4.

In older adults, fever may be an [early or later] sign of illness.

5.

_______ mechanisms attempt to maintain a sufficient supply of blood to the cells at all times.

6.

The diffusion or dissemination of heat by electromagnetic waves is called

7.

How often are vital signs assessed in patients who are taking medications that affect cardiovascular or respiratory function or who have had surgery? Every:

8.

_____ is reflected in the vital signs by indicating the status of the body's function, which is regulated through homeostatis mechanisms and falling within certain normal ranges.

A.

Lifestyle

B.

Vital signs

C.

Homeostasis

D.

Health status

E.

None of the above

9.

What term that describes fever is defined as: The fever retruns to normal gradually.

10.

The difference between hyperthermia and pyrexia is: Fever occurs when the body temperature is raised without the consent of the heat control centers. A hyperthermia occurs when the body sets the core temperatures to a higher temperature, through the action of the pre-optic region of the hypothalamus.

A.

True

B.

False

11.

The dissemination of heat by motion between areas of unequal density is called

12.

When one is exposed to extreme cold without adequate protective clothing, heat loss may be increased to the point of _____, which can lead to serious illness or death.

13.

The average temperature of an adult older than 70 years of age is _____ degrees celcius orally.

Many enironmental and physiologic processes occur in repeated cycles of time, such as _____ _______ which is 24-hour intervals.

20.

Core body temperature is lowest at:

21.

Two terms synonymous to "fever" are:(separate answers with a space)

22.

A mild elevation in temperature might indicate a serious infection in infants younger than _____ of age who do not have a well-developed temperture-control mechanism.

A.

2 months

B.

3 months

C.

6 months

D.

1 year

E.

2 years

23.

Some disposable single-use thermometers, that are commonly applied to abdomen or forehead, often of young children and toddlers, have a temperature-senstive patch or tape what changes ______

24.

If the cause of any type of fever is difficult to determine, it is often diagnosed as

25.

Which part of the brain maintains a farily constant range of core body temperature by the termoregulatory center?

26.

Which hormone increases metabolism and heat production, but over a much longer time period than epinephrine and norepinephrine.

27.

When additional heat is required to maintain balance, epinephrine and norepinephrine (sympathetic neurotransmitters) are released and alter metabolism so that energy production ____ and heat production ____. (separate answers with a space)

28.

Which type of fever is usually the result of damage to the hypothalamus and in which antipyretic medications are ineffective.

29.

______ occurs with shivering, causing "goose bumps" and reducing the size of the surface to minimize heat loss.

30.

True or False:Most fevers are not self-limiting.

A.

True

B.

False

31.

Bradycardia is a pulse rate below ___ bpm

32.

The conversion of a liquid to vapour is called

33.

The transfer of heat to another object during direct contact is called _____

34.

____ (temperature) is generatred by metabolic processes in the core tissues of the body.

35.

Sinus bradycardia is not caused by which of the following:

A.

TImes when metabolic needs are decreased

B.

During sleep

C.

Severe pain

D.

Hyperthermia

E.

Vagal stimulation

36.

This type of thermometer is swiped across the skin over the respective artery, taking 1000 readings per second and selecting the most accurate.

A.

Subclavian artery thermometer

B.

Maxillary artery thermometer

C.

Temporal artery thermometer

D.

None of the above

E.

Carotid artery thermometer

37.

Body _____ is the heat of the body measured in degrees.

38.

____ is produced as a byproduct of metabolic activities that generate energy for cellular functions.

39.

Emergency treatment for severe bradycardia is the administration of _____ intravenously to block vagal stimulation and to restore normal heart rate.

40.

Shivering and piloerection are forms of:

A.

Heat loss

B.

Heat production

C.

Environmental temperature

D.

Fever

E.

None of the above

41.

The average pulse for a teen is

A.

80-180 bpm

B.

75-110 bpm

C.

80-140 bpm

D.

60-120 bpm

E.

60-100 bpm

42.

When the set point is increased, as in fever, the hypothalamus inatiates

A.

Sweating

B.

Shivering

C.

Vasoconstriction

D.

A and C

E.

B and C

43.

Which type of fever is defined as: the body temperature alternates regularly between a period of fever and a period of normal or subnormal temperature.

44.

An irregular pattern of heartbeats is called a _____

45.

Core body temperature is normally maintained within the rage of ____ degrees F to _____ degrees F. (separate answers with a space)

46.

Hyperthermia differs from fever in that the hypothalamic set point is changed, and in situations of extreme heat exposure the mechanisms that control the body temperature are ineffective.

A.

True

B.

False

47.

True or False:Heat production also occurs through warming and humidigying of inspired air and elimination of urine and feces.

A.

True

B.

False

48.

Body temperature indicates the difference between the ____ of heat and the ____ of heat. (separate answers with a space)

49.

A temperature above 105.8 is termed

50.

Which group lose some thermoregulatory control and are at risk for harm from extremes of temperature?

A.

Infants and children

B.

Older adults

C.

Women

D.

Men

E.

None of the above

51.

Drugs, such as aspirin or acetaminophen, are believed to lower the elevated set point regulated by the hypothalamus are called _____. They do not affect body temperature when it is within normal range.

52.

Vital signs not not include a person's

53.

A temperature between 100.5 and 105 degrees F is termed

54.

A newborn's temperature should be

A.

37 degrees Celcius (oral)

B.

37 degrees Celcium (axillary)

C.

37.7 degrees Celcius (rectal)

D.

36.8 degrees Celcius (axillary)

E.

36.8 degrees Celcius (rectal)

55.

Apart from administering antipyretic drugs, name one possible nursing intervention used to lower body temperature.

56.

Which group's body temperature changes more rapidly in response to both heat and cold air temperatures?

A.

Infants and children

B.

Older adults

C.

Women

D.

Men

E.

None of the above

57.

Normal pulse rate for adolescences and adults rangers from _____ to _____ beats per minute.

A.

60 - 90 bpm

B.

50 - 100 bpm

C.

60 - 120 bpm

D.

50 - 110 bpm

E.

None of the above

58.

What terms used to describe fever is defined as: The fever returns to normal suddenly

59.

Core temperatures are not measured at:

A.

Tympanic site

B.

Rectal site

C.

Bladder

D.

Sublingual site

E.

Pulmonary artery site

60.

Which of the following is a location for surface body temperature?

61.

Which of the following controls the opening and closing of the arteriovenous shunts in response to changes in core body temperature and in environmental temperature.

A.

Autonomic nervous system

B.

Parasympathetic nervous system

C.

Sympathetic nervous system

D.

All of the above

E.

None of the above

62.

When the body gives off waves of heat from uncovered surfaces, it is called

63.

_____ is a response that increases the production of heat; it is initiated by the hypothalamus and results in muscle tremours.

64.

The ____ is the primary site of heat loss.

65.

Which type of fever is defined as: The body temperature fluctuates several degrees more than 2 degrees C (3.6 F) above normal but does not reach normal betwenn fluctuations.

66.

Which type of fever is defined as: The body temperature returns to normal fo rat least a day, but then the fever recurs.

67.

Core body temperature is normally maintained within a rage of ____ degrees C and ____ degrees C. (separate answers with a space)

68.

When body fluid in the form of perspiration and insensible loss is vapourized from the skin, it is a form of _____

69.

Non-mercury glass thermometers may be either spirit-filled (using a petroleum-based liquid) or alcohol-based; the bulb contains a liquid that _____ with heat and rises within the stem.

70.

____ occurs when oscillating fan blows currents of cool air across the surfaces of a warm body.

71.

The normal temperature for an adult is:

A.

37 degrees Celcius (axillary)

B.

37 degrees Celcius (oral)

C.

36 degrees Celcius (oral)

D.

37.7 degrees Celcius (oral)

E.

36.8 degrees Celcius (axillary)

72.

Core body temperature is highest at:

A.

Early morning

B.

Noon

C.

Late afternoon

D.

Evening

E.

Night

73.

A temperature less than 95 degrees F is termed

74.

When a person has a body temperature above normal (considered to be 37C or 98.6F) the person is said to be _____

75.

Yes or No:Should aspirin be used as an antipyretic drug for children and teenagers with influenza or chickenpox?

76.

An example of ____ is when the body transfers heat to an ice pack, causing the ice to melt.

77.

In patients who are hosptialized with elevated temperatures, high or low blood pressures, changes in pulse rate or rhythm, and respiratory difficulty, vital signs are assessed at least every ____ hours.

78.

When one is exposed to extreme heat for long periods of time _____ may result, which can lead to serious illness or death.

79.

True or false:A nurse can delegate to other healthcare personnel to do vital sign assessment of patients.

Connections in the skin that remain open to allow heat to dissipate to the skin or close to retain heat in the body are called

85.

Which type of fever is defined as: the body temperature remains consistently elevated and fluctuates less than 2 degrees C (3.6 F)

86.

A throbbing sensation that can be palpated over a peripheral artery or auscultated over the apex of the heart is called a

87.

Which group tends to have more fluctuations in body temperature, probably due to the result of changes in hormones/ The increase in progesterone secretion increases body temperature as much as 0.5F to 1.0F.

88.

The pulse amplitude describes the quality of the pulse in terms of its fullness and reflects the strength of _____ contraction

A.

Right ventricle

B.

Left ventricle

C.

Aorta

D.

Right atrium

E.

Left atrium

89.

What is the term used to describe decreased cardiac filling time, which, in turn, decreases stroke volume and cardiac output, due to rapid rate.