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Aug 23, 2018

European wind survey satellite launched from French Guyana

A new satellite that will use advanced laser technology to track global
winds and improve weather forecasts has been successfully put into
orbit, launch company Arianespace said.

The launch of the "Aeolus" satellite -- named after the guardian of wind
in Greek mythology -- took place at 2120 GMT Wednesday, after a 24-hour
delay due to adverse weather conditions.

Arianespace's light-lift vehicle "Vega lofted its passenger during a
flight lasting just under 55 minutes, with Aeolus placed into a
Sun-synchronous orbit," the company said after the launch.

Sun-synchronous orbits allow satellites always to have view of the Sun, for example so their solar panels can always draw power.

The satellite "will probe the lowermost 30 kilometres (18 miles) of the
atmosphere in measuring winds around the Earth," Arianespace said.

Aeolus is part of the Copernicus project, a joint initiative of the
European Union and the European Space Agency (ESA) to track
environmental damage and aid disaster relief operations.

The satellite is equipped with a single instrument: a Doppler wind lidar
-- an advanced laser system designed to accurately measure global wind
patterns from space.

"The LIDAR's near-real-time observations will provide reliable wind
profiles, further improving the accuracy of numerical weather and
climate prediction, as well as advance the understanding of tropical
dynamics and processes relevant to climate variability," Arianespace
said after the launch.

It described the satellite as the world's first space mission to gather information on Earth's wind on a global scale.

Tropical winds in particular are very poorly mapped because of the almost complete absence of direct observations.

The Doppler lidar transmits short, powerful pulses of laser light toward
Earth in the ultraviolet spectrum. Particles in the air -- moisture,
dust, gases -- reflect, or scatter, a small fraction of that light
energy back to the transceiver, where it is collected and recorded.

The delay between the outgoing pulse and the so-called "backscattered"
signal reveals the wind's direction, speed and distance travelled.

Once per orbit, data is downloaded to a ground station in Svalbard, Norway.

Aeolus is the fifth of the ESA's planned Earth Explorer missions.

Others already completed or in operation have measured Earth's gravity
and geomagnetic fields, soil moisture, ocean salinity and frozen
expanses collectively known as the cryosphere.

The new mission is also Arianespace's 50th launch for the European Space Agency.