The Letters and Diaries of Colonel John Hart Caughey, 1944–1945

With Wedemeyer in World War II China

Edited by Roger B. Jeans

Colonel John Hart Caughey, a US Army war plans officer stationed in the Chinese Nationalist capital of Chungking, was an eyewitness to the battle for China in the final months of the war (1944–45) and beyond, when he rose to become head of the Theater Planning Section. In frequent letters to his wife as well as in several diaries, he chronicled the US military’s role in wartime China, especially his life as an American planner (when he was subject to military censorship). Previous accounts of the China Theater have largely neglected the role of the War Department planners stationed in Chungking, many of whom were Caughey’s colleagues and friends. He also penned colorful descriptions of life in wartime China, which vividly remind the reader how far China has come in a mere seventy-odd years.

In addition, his letters and diaries deepen our understanding of several of the American leaders in this Asian war, including China Theater commander Albert C. Wedemeyer; Fourteenth Air Force chief Claire L. Chennault (former commander of the “Flying Tigers”); US ambassador to wartime China, Patrick J. Hurley; famed Time-Life reporter Theodore White; OSS director William (“Wild Bill”) Donovan; Louis Mountbatten, Supreme Commander of the Southeast Asia Command; and Jonathan Wainwright, who was in command when the American forces in the Philippines surrendered in 1942, and who stayed for a few days at Caughey’s Chungking residence on his way home after several years as a Japanese POW in Manchuria. In his writings, Caughey also revealed a more appealing side of Wedemeyer, whose extreme political opinions in the postwar era probably cost him the post of US Army chief of staff. By making Caughey a member of his planning staff, Wedemeyer made possible an extraordinary experience for the young colonel during the war. Caughey also rubbed shoulders with Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek and traveled to the battlefields in Southeast China with the commander in chief of the Nationalist Army, He Yingqin, along with a number of other Chinese and American soldiers.

Following the Japanese surrender, Caughey chronicled the resumption of the power struggle between the Chinese Nationalists and the Chinese Communists, largely postponed during the conflict. Shortly after the war, he had a brief encounter with the number two Communist leader, Zhou Enlai, whom he was to get to know much better during the Marshall Mission to China.« lessmore »

Roger B. Jeans is Elizabeth Lewis Otey Professor of History emeritus at Washington and Lee University.

Introduction, Roger B. JeansPart 1: The China Theater under General Albert C. Wedemeyer, 1944–1945Part 2: War Planner for Wedemeyer: John Hart Caughey and the “Asiatic Operations Division,” 1944–45Part 3: The Letters of John Hart Caughey, November 1944 to November 1945Part 4: The Diary of John Hart Caughey, January to November 1945

This collection of personal letters provides a window into the human anecdotal side of American support for the Chinese military at the end of the Second World War. Combined with the detailed and finely crafted comments from the editor to provide context, the book adds a new dimension to the Wedemeyer mission to China during the last two years of the war.— Stephen MacKinnon, Arizona State University

Roger B. Jeans enriches his absorbing account of an American officer in the China Theater during World War II by including the letters of Colonel John Hart Caughey, describing the sights, sounds, and smells of wartime China. Vivid eyewitness accounts range from flying the ‘Hump’ to Chinese funeral processions. The combination of eyewitness impressions and superb scholarship provides fascinating insights on every page.— Edward J. Drea, U.S. Army Center of Military History (retired), author of MacArthur's Ultra

This superbly edited collection of the letters and diaries of a little-known US Army colonel provides rare insights into the American experience in wartime China from the perspective of the China Theater’s war planners. Bringing to life the relationship between Colonel Caughey and General Wedemeyer, this collection tells an insider’s story of the American operations. It will be welcomed by scholars interested in the war plans aspect of the Wedmemyer mission to China and in furthering research on the history of the US war effort in the closing year of the war.— Edmund S. K. Fung, Western Sydney University

The Letters and Diaries of Colonel John Hart Caughey, 1944–1945

With Wedemeyer in World War II China

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Summary

Summary

Colonel John Hart Caughey, a US Army war plans officer stationed in the Chinese Nationalist capital of Chungking, was an eyewitness to the battle for China in the final months of the war (1944–45) and beyond, when he rose to become head of the Theater Planning Section. In frequent letters to his wife as well as in several diaries, he chronicled the US military’s role in wartime China, especially his life as an American planner (when he was subject to military censorship). Previous accounts of the China Theater have largely neglected the role of the War Department planners stationed in Chungking, many of whom were Caughey’s colleagues and friends. He also penned colorful descriptions of life in wartime China, which vividly remind the reader how far China has come in a mere seventy-odd years.

In addition, his letters and diaries deepen our understanding of several of the American leaders in this Asian war, including China Theater commander Albert C. Wedemeyer; Fourteenth Air Force chief Claire L. Chennault (former commander of the “Flying Tigers”); US ambassador to wartime China, Patrick J. Hurley; famed Time-Life reporter Theodore White; OSS director William (“Wild Bill”) Donovan; Louis Mountbatten, Supreme Commander of the Southeast Asia Command; and Jonathan Wainwright, who was in command when the American forces in the Philippines surrendered in 1942, and who stayed for a few days at Caughey’s Chungking residence on his way home after several years as a Japanese POW in Manchuria. In his writings, Caughey also revealed a more appealing side of Wedemeyer, whose extreme political opinions in the postwar era probably cost him the post of US Army chief of staff. By making Caughey a member of his planning staff, Wedemeyer made possible an extraordinary experience for the young colonel during the war. Caughey also rubbed shoulders with Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek and traveled to the battlefields in Southeast China with the commander in chief of the Nationalist Army, He Yingqin, along with a number of other Chinese and American soldiers.

Following the Japanese surrender, Caughey chronicled the resumption of the power struggle between the Chinese Nationalists and the Chinese Communists, largely postponed during the conflict. Shortly after the war, he had a brief encounter with the number two Communist leader, Zhou Enlai, whom he was to get to know much better during the Marshall Mission to China.

Roger B. Jeans is Elizabeth Lewis Otey Professor of History emeritus at Washington and Lee University.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Introduction, Roger B. JeansPart 1: The China Theater under General Albert C. Wedemeyer, 1944–1945Part 2: War Planner for Wedemeyer: John Hart Caughey and the “Asiatic Operations Division,” 1944–45Part 3: The Letters of John Hart Caughey, November 1944 to November 1945Part 4: The Diary of John Hart Caughey, January to November 1945

Reviews

Reviews

This collection of personal letters provides a window into the human anecdotal side of American support for the Chinese military at the end of the Second World War. Combined with the detailed and finely crafted comments from the editor to provide context, the book adds a new dimension to the Wedemeyer mission to China during the last two years of the war.— Stephen MacKinnon, Arizona State University

Roger B. Jeans enriches his absorbing account of an American officer in the China Theater during World War II by including the letters of Colonel John Hart Caughey, describing the sights, sounds, and smells of wartime China. Vivid eyewitness accounts range from flying the ‘Hump’ to Chinese funeral processions. The combination of eyewitness impressions and superb scholarship provides fascinating insights on every page.— Edward J. Drea, U.S. Army Center of Military History (retired), author of MacArthur's Ultra

This superbly edited collection of the letters and diaries of a little-known US Army colonel provides rare insights into the American experience in wartime China from the perspective of the China Theater’s war planners. Bringing to life the relationship between Colonel Caughey and General Wedemeyer, this collection tells an insider’s story of the American operations. It will be welcomed by scholars interested in the war plans aspect of the Wedmemyer mission to China and in furthering research on the history of the US war effort in the closing year of the war.— Edmund S. K. Fung, Western Sydney University