"The law, which outlaws online crime, pornography, gambling, blackmail, lies, threats, and racism, prohibits citizens from distributing in electronic format any information that is defamatory and carries penalties of a maximum of six years in prison, a fine of rupiah (IDR) one billion ($87,500), or both" (para 80). "The Pornography Law criminalizes the production of media depicting consensual same-sex sexual activity and classifies such activity as deviant" (para 178)

"Additionally, the law allows for capital punishment in less serious crimes such as theft, destruction of military facilities and national assets, fraud, kidnapping, distribution of pornography, and trafficking in persons"(1)

“The law prohibits the commercial sexual exploitation of children and child pornography and authorities generally enforced the law. The production of child pornography is prohibited and punishable by imprisonment of one to five years and up to eight years in special circumstances. Possession of child pornography is also prohibited and punishable by imprisonment not exceeding three years” (10, 11).

"A 12 April 2012 law incorporated into the Criminal Code a new article 130, which stipulates liability for the 'manufacture or importation into the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan, for purposes of dissemination, advertising, or demonstration, of products that promote a cult of violence or cruelty, as well as for the dissemination, advertising, or demonstration itself of such products, if an administrative penalty has previously been imposed for the same kinds of actions'. Incorporated into chapter 8 of the Criminal Code are definitions of 'pornographic products' and 'products that promote a cult of violence or cruelty' (18). "Article 189 ― 'Manufacture, importation, dissemination, advertising, or demonstration of pornographic products'...more

"Child pornography is defined in federal law as any visual depiction involving the use of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct, or a visual depiction that has been created or modified to appear as a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct.12 Child pornography is actually an image of sexual abuse perpetrated on a child. The most common forum for child pornography today is the Internet and once images are on the Internet, they cannot be removed completely and can continue to circulate revictimizing the child each time they are viewed. Child pornography is also frequently encountered in combination with other sexual offenses against children and may serve as a...more

"Under Ga. Code Ann...(Sexual exploitation of children; reporting violation; forfeiture; penalties), 'It is unlawful for any person knowingly to possess or control any material which depicts a minor or a portion of a minor’s body engaged in any sexually explicit conduct'"(57)."Miss. Code Ann...(Exploitation of children; prohibitions) states, 'No person shall, by any means including computer, knowingly send, transport, transmit, ship, mail or receive any photograph, drawing, sketch, film, video tape or other visual depiction of an actual child engaging in sexually explicit conduct.' Under subsection 5., a person may not 'by any means including computer, possess any photograph, drawing, sketch, film, video tape or other visual depiction of an actual...more

"The Council’s final decision, which the High Court of Justice found no reason to dispute, was that the broadcasters may only offer channels presenting 'soft' erotic content that does not present sexual relations with violence, abuse, coercion, exploitation or humiliation, and does not breach the Telecommunications Law that prohibits exhibiting a human being or his/her body part as an object available for sexual use. The Council also limited pornographic broadcasting with measures such as making it solely available on demand, for a fee, to adults over the age of 18, only during late-night hours, or coded by a personal code, in order to prevent children from viewing the content" (31).more

"Dissemination, display, circulation, possession or production of any visual, audio or printed material or games which incite the sexual instincts of children or tempt them to behave contrary to public order or morals, or encourage for behavioral deviation are prohibited. Violators of the provisions of Article 27 or items 3 and 4 of Article 3 8 of this Law shall be punished by imprisonment for a period not less than one year and/or a fine of not less than 100,000 Dirhams and not exceeding 400,000 Dirhams" (45)

"In June, Japan banned the possession of child pornography after decades of criticism by local and international children's rights activists. However, the ban did not extend to manga or anime films - which still raises troubling questions about the state of child protection, as well as the reasons for the country's lax attitude towards children being viewed as sexual objects" (para 2). "But because the ban does not apply to animated cartoons, comics cartoons and games, anyone can access sexually abusive images of children depicted in manga through the internet or at stores. As long as real children are not involved, their genitals not shown, any violent, sexual act against...more

"The Bill defines pornography as any cultural practice, form of behaviour or form of communication or speech or information or literature or publication in whole or publication in part or news story or entertainment or stage play or broadcast or music or dance or art or graphic or picture or photography or video recording or leisure activity or show or exhibition. It also prohibits any combination of the preceding that depicts unclothed or under clothed parts of the human body such as breasts, thighs, buttocks and genitalia, a person engaged in explicit sexual activities or conduct; erotic behaviour intended to cause sexual excitement and any indecent act or behaviour tending...more

"The reform made to the Article 196 of the Criminal Code by Congressional Decree 27-2002, which is more rigorous and extended the typical figure of the crime of 'Obscene Publications and Performances', was declared unconstitutional by the Court of Constitucionalitad (judgment delivered on May 29, 2003 contained in Record 1021-2002). This is a step back in safeguarding and protecting the safety and dignity of women. To utter failure, there is a discrepancy in the definition of when art ceases to be just art and becomes pornography" (18)

"On 1 July, Presidential Decree No. 60 'On measures to improve the use of the national segment of the internet' came into effect. The decree requires among other things that internet service providers check the identity of subscribers in person, and make information about subscribers available to the authorities; and measures have been introduced to limit access to information that could be classed as extremist, pornographic, or that promotes violence and other illegal acts"

"In the paragraph about pornography a gender-neutral language is used when referring to the consumers of pornography and media products that represent women as sex objects. Since it is the government’s task to introduce legislation, it is curious that after describing the negative consequences of the increasing pornographisation of women’s representation and the objectification of women’s bodies in the media, the GR does not refer to the government’s legislative role and responsibility in the regulation of the appearance of pornographic content and content that violates women’s human rights in the media" (15)

"Measures on combating pornographic films and magazines are very clear. Article 127 of Penal Law (2004) provides, 'Any person who has produced or widely distributed or deeply disseminated pornographic books, magazines, pictures, videos or other items undermining the national culture and tradition, shall be punished by imprisonment from three months to one year or be fined from 200.000 kip to 5.000.000 kip'" (22)

ÒThe offence of pornography is defined in the penal code of the Bahamas as Ôobscene publicationÕ, in section 510, Title XXXI and punished by two years of imprisonment. The production, distribution and possession of child pornography is an offence under the Sexual Offences Act.Ó (64)

"The offence of pornography is defined in the penal code of the Bahamas as 'obscene publication', in section 510, Title XXXI and punished by two years of imprisonment. The production, distribution and possession of child pornography is an offence under the Sexual Offences Act" (64).

"According to paragraph 3 of Article 93 of the Child Protection Act, No. 80/2002, children under the age of 18 are not permitted to take part in striptease displays or other displays of a sexual nature...Another innovation in the Act was that those who organise or are responsible for model and beauty contests, or other contests of this type, in which the participants are under the age of 18, are obliged to inform the Child Protection Agency of the contest (cf. paragraph 2 of Article 93) (7-8)

"Gender and power in the media, advertising and other public spheres reflect the lack of gender equality in society, while at the same time helping to cement it. Research points to images and language having become coarser over the past ten years and this trend has been called "sexualisation of the public sphere". In gender equality policy, this is one of the Government's five areas of focus for the current term of office...The question of appointing an inquiry into sexual discrimination in advertising is currently being considered within the Government Offices...The Government has allocated SEK 2.5 million for project work on sexualisation of the public sphere. The projects are ongoing...more

"In 2003, article 84 of the Law on Media was declared deficient with regard the issue of pornography; an authentic interpretation was suggested by the governmental party and confirmed by the Parliament, but the most common form of pornography was excluded from this interpretation. The Media Act was amended in 2006. Again, in article 84 which should protect minors from the pornography and other potentially harmful contents, the interest of the capital was favoured more than the interest of protection of minors"(27).

Criminal and administrative laws of Viet Nam specifically define offences and acts related to the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography as defined in the Protocol. The 2000 Penal Code specifically stipulates different kinds of offences as follows: Art. 120: Sale, fraudulent exchange or control of a child and acts of buying, selling a child for the purpose of prostitution. Art. 253: Producing, distributing, disseminating and selling child pornography

"Child prostitution and the use of children in pornography are two of the most complicated and serious problems facing children in Venezuela. They particularly affect those who spend their nights on the streets owing to family strife and disintegration, the rupture of family and social values, and the fact that they cannot plan their lives to become dignified citizens, capable of strengthening their skills and abilities in order to take control of life and its circumstances. National plans to eradicate sexual violence against children and adolescents were drafted as a result of initiatives by the State and civil society organizations and the activities involved are inspired by the Constitution, the...more

STATE VARIANCE ON AGE DEFINITIONS: "According to research conducted by the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children in December 2004 on state statutes criminalizing possession of child pornography, 37 states define “minor” or “child” as a youth younger than the age of 18... 3 define “minor” or “child” as a youth younger than the age of 17... 7 define “minor” or “child” as a youth younger than the age of 16... and 1 defines “minor” or “child” as a youth younger than the age of 14. The age of a “child” in Nebraska depends on whether the child is a participant (younger than 18 years of age) or a...more

FEDERAL CRIMINAL CODE DEFINITIONS: [Note that U.S. criminal law varies by state. These federal definitions apply only to Washington, D.C., maritime jurisdictions, and interstate commerce. Many states have adopted the language of this code, but they are not required to do so.] "For the purposes of this chapter, the term-- (1) “minor” means any person under the age of eighteen years; (2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), “sexually explicit conduct” means actual or simulated-- (i) sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex; (ii) bestiality; (iii) masturbation; (iv) sadistic or masochistic abuse; or (v) lascivious exhibition of the genitals or...more

CRIMINAL CODE DEFINITIONS: [CHILD ABUSE MATERIAL]: "child abuse material" means: (a) material that depicts a person, or a representation of a person, who: (i) is, or appears to be, under 18 years of age; and (ii) is, or appears to be, a victim of torture, cruelty or physical abuse; and does this in a way that reasonable persons would regard as being, in all the circumstances, offensive; or (b) material that describes a person who: (i) is, or is implied to be, under 18 years of age; and (ii) is, or is implied to be, a victim of torture, cruelty or physical abuse; and does this in a way that...more

The full text of the Films and Publications Act that criminalizes the production, possession, and distribution of child pornography (including provisions related to the Internet) is accessible at this link.

"Article 198: bringing about sexual relations or other sexual activity or engaging in such activity by exploiting the helplessness of another individual due to that individual’s mental retardation, mental illness or inability to discern the nature of the said activity (regardless of the victim’s age);? Article 99: bringing about sexual relations or other sexual activity (as above) by abusing a relationship of dependence or exploiting a situation of crisis (regardless of the victim’s age); ? Article 200: bringing about sexual relations or other sexual activity (as above) with a minor under 15 years of age (paragraph l) or making a pornographic recording with the participation of such an individual (paragraph...more