I was interested in the fallout from managers who act irresponsibly. To understand this issue I looked at assessments from more than 5,000 people on 339 managers. Two items measured the extent to which a manager was responsible:

In 2009, James Zenger published a fascinating survey of 60,000 employees to identify how different characteristics of a leader combine to affect employee perceptions of whether the boss is a “great” leader or not.