The report clarifies two main theoretical points: (1) the application of human rights in local administration is essential to democratic governance and (2) local authorities share the same human rights obligations as central governments, as all spheres of government within a treaty-bound state are equal duty holders under international human rights law. The report’s practical contribution is found in its citation of examples—and some violations—that demonstrate human rights and local government in application, including through policies, practices and corresponding mechanisms.

Many contributions of HIC-HLRN are reflected in the final version of the report. It explains the various terms and concepts used over time to convey human rights approaches locally, including “human rights city, “right to the city” and “human rights habitat.” The report cites the range of treaty references and soft-law specificity that address a range of human rights obligations at local level. The report and its subsequent outcomes in the UN human rights system should help local authorities translate their international and national human rights obligations into their actual functions.

Building on this report, those future developments have yet to clarify at least three aspects of human rights and local government not covered in the HRCAC report: (1) the important difference between the terms and functions of “local authority” as distinct from “local government”; (2) an alternative to the hierarchical approach to the various spheres of public administration that portrays local government as the “lowest level”; and (3) the relevant extraterritorial human rights obligations of local authorities, including local governments, under both human rights treaty law and related peremptory norms.