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Although the oxides such as Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, MgO, UO/sub 2/, ThO/sub 2/ , Be O, and ZrO/sub 2/ are used as refractory materials, very little reliable thermodynamic data predicting the stabilities of the gases in equilibrium with the solids at temperatures above 1700 deg C exist. In most cases the vapor pressures are not accurately known and in some cases the gaseous molecules are uncertain. Hence one experiences difficulties in attempting to predict ihe interaction of these oxides with the refractory metals such as tungsten and tantalum. The problems are made even more difficult because of a lack of ...
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Description

Although the oxides such as Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, MgO, UO/sub 2/, ThO/sub 2/ , Be O, and ZrO/sub 2/ are used as refractory materials, very little reliable thermodynamic data predicting the stabilities of the gases in equilibrium with the solids at temperatures above 1700 deg C exist. In most cases the vapor pressures are not accurately known and in some cases the gaseous molecules are uncertain. Hence one experiences difficulties in attempting to predict ihe interaction of these oxides with the refractory metals such as tungsten and tantalum. The problems are made even more difficult because of a lack of reliable information concenning the gaseous oxides of tungsten and tantalum. As a means towards establishing the thermodynamic stabilities of these refractory oxides, the authors propose to survey the existing results and to describe some rather crucial experiments relating to the interaction of these oxides with tungsten and tantalum. Although not establishing accurate free energies, these experiments, neventheless, hnve shown conclusively the unreliability of some supposedly accurate thermodynamic properties because of a failure to examine the investigations in this manner. In addition, they indicate more reliable limits of free energies in certain cases. (auth)

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