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CONT – ... ovaries normally grow cyst-like structures called follicles each month. Follicles produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone and release an egg when you ovulate ... Around the midpoint of [the] menstrual cycle, an egg bursts out of its follicle and begins its journey down the fallopian tube in search of sperm and fertilization. A follicular cyst begins when something goes wrong and the follicle doesn't rupture or release its egg. Instead it grows and turns into a cyst. Source 4, record 2, English, Context 1 - follicular%20cyst%20of%20ovary

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CONT – Etonogestrel is a progestogen, which is a female sex hormone similar to the progesterone hormone made naturally by [the] ovaries. An implant containing etonogestrel is a long-acting, effective and convenient form of contraception. Source 2, record 3, English, Context 1 - etonogestrel

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CONT – [Estradiol] generally refers to the 17-ß-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-ß- and 17-ß-position. Estradiol-17-ßis the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries and the placenta. Source 2, record 4, English, Context 1 - estradiol

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DEF – The use of medication to stimulate development of one or more mature follicles (where eggs develop) in the ovaries of women who [do not ovulate or are infertile]. Source 4, record 9, English, Definition 1 - ovulation%20induction

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CONT – The sacral chakra is located in the sacrum (hence the name) and is considered to correspond to the testes or the ovaries that produce the various sex hormones involved in the reproductive cycle. Swadisthana is also considered to be related to, more generally, the genitourinary system and the adrenals. The key issues involving swadisthana are relationships, violence, addictions, basic emotional needs, and pleasure. Physically, swadisthana governs reproduction, mentally it governs creativity, emotionally it governs joy, and spiritually it governs enthusiasm. Source 2, record 12, English, Context 1 - sacral%20chakra

CONT – The sacral chakra is the second chakra out of the seven and can be found right below the belly button in the lower area of your stomach. This particular chakra is in charge of a person's sexual organs, lower portion of the spine, large intestines and the bladder. Source 5, record 12, English, Context 2 - sacral%20chakra

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DEF – Reduction in the frequency of menstruation; occurring in intervals between the cycles from 38 days to three months. Source 1, record 17, English, Definition 1 - oligomenorrhea

CONT – Mild hirsutism, irregular menses or amenorrhea, and obesity have been linked in the "polycystic ovarian syndrome." In this disorder the ovaries have atretic follicles, the patient is anovulatory, and menstrual disturbance (long-term amenorrhea to oligomenorrhea) is the rule. Source 2, record 17, English, Context 1 - oligomenorrhea

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DEF – The intermingling, in varying degrees, of the characters of each sex (including physical form, reproductive organs, and sexual behavior), in one individual, as a result of some flaw in embryonic development. Source 2, record 18, English, Definition 1 - intersexuality

OBS – The terms intersex and intersexuality have been and still are used to describe not only cases of mixed internal or ambiguous external genitalia of various origins but also to describe cases where the primary error is chromosomal, the genitalia male or female, and the gonads either testes, ovaries, or gonadal streaks. Source 2, record 18, English, Observation 1 - intersexuality

OBS – The words intersexuality and hermaphroditism should not be mixed up. The word "intersex" refers both to the condition of having both female and male characteristics (=intersexuality) and to the individual who shows such an intermingling of the characters of each sex. Source 2, record 18, English, Observation 2 - intersexuality

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DEF – An undeveloped gonadal structure found in the broad ligament below the fallopian tube and composed of whorled connective tissue strima with no germinal or secretory cells; seen most often in Turner's syndrome. Phenotypic development is female. Source 1, record 19, English, Definition 1 - streak%20gonad

CONT – (Ovarian dysgenesis) L. Wilkins and Fleischmann (1944) further showed that this was the essential defect when they demonstrated that "streak gonads" devoid of ovarian follicles were found instead of normal ovaries. Source 1, record 19, English, Context 1 - streak%20gonad

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OBS – Spaying a mare (ovariectomy) means removing her ovaries so she no longer comes into heat and has a more mellow attitude, like a gelding. An ovariectomy can be done standing (under sedation and local anesthesia) through a flank approach or a vaginal approach. Source 2, record 21, English, Observation 1 - spayed%20mare

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CONT – IVF/ET is an ART [assisted reproductive technology] technique during which human eggs are fertilized in the laboratory ("in vitro") rather than in the fallopian tube ("in vivo"). For this purpose, the eggs are removed from the woman's ovaries with a fine needle; after maturing in the laboratory, they are fertilized with the husband's sperm; and after fertilization, the dividing embryos are transferred into the wife's reproductive system. Source 1, record 22, English, Context 1 - in%20vitro%20fertilization%20and%20embryo%20transfer

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DEF – An assisted reproduction technique in which eggs removed from a woman's ovaries are placed, with sperm, into one of her fallopian tubes. Source 4, record 23, English, Definition 1 - gamete%20intrafallopian%20transfer

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CONT – Who are egg recipients? -women with a healthy uterus but absent or otherwise non-functioning ovaries; -women who are peri-menopausal, menopausal, or who have premature ovarian failure; -women with a history of genetic abnormalities who wish to avoid passing the abnormality on to their child; -women with previous unexplained IVF [in vitro fertilization] failures or failed fertilization; women with surgical loss of ovarian function; women with cancer. Source 1, record 26, English, Context 1 - egg%20recipient

OBS – It should be noted that despite their interchangeability in common usage ("egg" being used more frequently than "oocyte" and "ovum"), scientifically speaking, these terms are not synonyms. Source 4, record 26, English, Observation 1 - egg%20recipient

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DEF – Aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order Tetradontiformes (pufferfish, globefish, toadfish), which are eaten. Source 2, record 29, English, Definition 1 - tetrodotoxin

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CONT – Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) originates in the endometrial cups and present in the blood during the period 40 to 140 days of pregnancy. Used pharmaceutically to stimulate growth of follicles in inactive ovaries in adult animals, and in combination with prostaglandin to induce superovulation in cows which are acting as donors for embryo transfers. Source 2, record 30, English, Context 1 - equine%20chorionic%20gonadotropin

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CONT – An embryonic germ cell is derived from fetal tissue. Specifically, they are isolated from the primordial germ cells of the gonadal ridge of the 5 to 10 week fetus. Later in development, the gonadal ridge develops into the testes or ovaries and the primordial germ cells give rise to eggs or sperm. Source 1, record 32, English, Context 1 - gonadal%20ridge

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CONT – Steroids [are a] class of lipids having a particular molecular ring structure called the cyclopentanoperhydro-phenanthrene ring system. ... In humans, steroids are secreted by the ovaries and testes, the adrenal cortex and the placenta. Many steroids are biologically active hormones that control a number of the body's metabolic processes. This group includes the male sex hormone testosterone and the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. The steroid hormones of the adrenal cortex include glucocorticoids such as cortisone and cortisol. Source 2, record 38, English, Context 1 - steroid%20hormones

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CONT – Iodine in the body (20-50 mg) is found in muscles (50%), thyroid gland (20%), skin (10%), skeletal structure (7%), and other endocrine glands such as ovaries and the nervous system (13%). In the blood, the normal value for protein-bound iodine (PBI) is 4-8 mcg/dl. In the thyroid gland, iodine is found in thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)(25%), and in precursors of thyroxine (75%). Source 1, record 41, English, Context 1 - protein%2Dbound%20iodine

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DEF – [An examination] that includes a pelvic inspection (external palpation of uterus, vagina, ovaries, fallopian tubes and bladder), in association with a vaginal touch and/or rectal touch; it must be completed by a smear every three years at least. Source 1, record 43, English, Definition 1 - gynecological%20examination

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DEF – hereditary defects that are genetically transmitted from a parent to a child and which may appear amongst the children and subsequent generations of a parent whose gonads (ovaries or testes) have been exposed to radiation anytime before the conception of children. Source 1, record 45, English, Definition 1 - inheritable%20injury

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CONT – Fruit trees generally do not set fruit well unless pollinizing trees are provided. For fruit to set, the trees must bloom and the flowers must be fertilized by pollen. Only a few cultivars are self-fertile, that is, capable of fertilizing the ovaries of their own flowers with their own pollen. Most are self-sterile and must have pollen from another cultivar for fertilization to take place. Some are partly self-fertile and set a few fruits, but compatible pollinizers are needed to get good yields. Source 1, record 47, English, Context 1 - pollinizing%20tree

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CONT – If no kittens are desired, the ovaries and uterus of the female cat are removed by surgery. This procedure is known as spaying, and it can be done anytime after maturity is reached. Source 1, record 49, English, Context 1 - spaying

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OBS – Using chromatofocusing analysis, physiological differences between mature and immature flower buds were clarified with respect to their proteinaceous components in pistils. There were differences between mature and immature flower buds in soluble proteins, glycoproteins and peroxidase isozymes in stigmas, styles and ovaries. No differences in esterase and alkaline phosphatase isozymes were observed between the 2 kinds of flower buds, Scanning electron microscopy showed that stigma exudate of immature flower buds was less abundant than that of mature ones. Source 2, record 50, English, Observation 1 - chromatofocusing

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CONT – If, however, gonads of only one type are seen, the patient is called a male or female pseudo-hermaphrodite, depending on whether the gonads are testes or ovaries, respectively. Source 1, record 51, English, Context 1 - female%20pseudo%2Dhermaphrodite

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CONT – If, however, gonads of only one type are seen, the patient is called a male or female pseudo-hermaphrodite, depending on whether the gonads are testes or ovaries, respectively. Source 1, record 52, English, Context 1 - male%20pseudo%2Dhermaphrodite

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OBS – if no kittens are desired, the ovaries and uterus of the female cat are removed by surgery. This procedure is known as --, and it can be done anytime after maturity is reached. Source 1, record 53, English, Observation 1 - spaying