In the recent few years, people have seen many drastic improvements associated with Earth and humanity. Especially, world has witnessed significant contribution of the female candidates in research, innovation and development. In fact, we can never overlook the efforts, education, knowledge and expertise of ladies in optical branch. Hence, with the help of this article, we have tried to mention different contribution of females in the form of acknowledgement.

Marilyn Miller

Dr. Marilyn Miller is popularly known for giving suitable Ophthalmology treatments to the children. This is because; she is a pediatric ophthalmologist operating in the city of United States. Miller is actually the first person, obtaining recognition as the women board member of Ophthalmology Academy in United States. In addition, she is responsible for becoming the first women president for Pediatric and Strabismus Ophthalmology Association in United States. Miller specializes in the diagnosis as well as treatment of Strabismus problems of her patients.

Isabel Hayes

Similar to Dr. Miller, Dr. Isabel Hayes has given her valuable services as editor, ambassador, missionary, reporter and reformer associated with the optic sector. She has taken the responsibility of providing finance for educating her husband. At the same time, Hayes has taken several steps for proper growth of her children with the help of her income. Dr. Hayes was the first woman, who had gained knowledge ophthalmology in America and got the appointment as faculty of medical school.

Georgiana Dvorak

The contributions of Dr. Georgiana Dvorak have become very much significant in the optical sector. Firstly, she has revealed about the understanding of the anatomy behind the canal of Schlemm and its connection with the cardio vascular systems, pseudo-exfoliation of capsules of eye lens and often the location of abnormal resistance of aqueous outflow within the collector channels. Years 1915 and 1957 had remained lucky for this renowned ophthalmologist. This is because; in 1915, this famous personality has become the part of Illinois Infirmary to solve the problems of Eyes and Ears. Since then, Dr. Dvorak has remained connected with the ophthalmology service for her entire life. Moreover, in 1957, Dr. Dvorak received her prestigious award in the form of Howe Medal because of her vast knowledge in the optic sector.

Mollie Wright Armstrong

Last, but not the least, we will acknowledge the success and knowledge of Mollie Wright Armstrong, who had initially become the member of Optometry Board of Texas and later on, becomes the President of the Optometric Association in Texas.

Eye examinations require proper readings and understanding the eye activity properly. The most common equipment used by huge number of ophthalmologists to get correct readings is autorefractos. This is trusted ophthalmic equipment and has been used since 1970s and makes the process very easy and fast. The eye reading is done by checking all the responses of the eye towards ray of light processes. Once the different refraction errors are understood the doctors write their prescriptions according to that.

The examination took very less time and the patient did not face any problem while going thorough the whole process. Then another examination is done after this where patient has to look at the picture and tell how clear they appear to him. Once these processes are completed then the doctor can decide the exact corrective lenses required for the patient. Young children face some difficulty while going through this process as they need to remain still for a while. But to get rid of this problem scientists are trying to develop portable autorefractors that easily adjust themselves according to different positions of the patient. The portable auto refractor can easily be carried to the place of the patient who finds it difficult in visiting the chamber of the medical practitioner.

New autorefractors are being continuously developed by some scientists and these prove to be very helpful in current field of health care. Since new portable autorefractorhas made the process cost effective even people in low income group can expect to get the best treatment through this.

Optical equipment is one of those sophisticated equipments which require regular care. Once people take the best care for their equipment it ensures they last for years. Moreover with better maintenance possibility of getting good value in exchange of the old machine at the time of buying a new one is very high. For taking care of these machines there are lab managers who are provided the task of managing these equipments. However with small pay options and restricted budgets the chances of taking the best care of the optical equipmentis much lessor. In turn companies fail taking care of these machines and end up damaging the equipment.

For most of lab managers across the globe the approach has been having a checklist which needs to be checked on a daily basis. This means that they would only check if things are fine on the outer without taking the efforts to clean them within. This can seem being a good standard practice but over years it can be disastrous for the machines. Now if there is any disturbance with the machine while it needs to be operated a business may lose a lot of downtime and hence its business. In fixing these errors it might take a long time till when the normal course of the business has to be stopped. Research shows that on most of the occasions when these situations have raised, the causes for these are the dirt and dust accumulated within the optical equipment.

So it is clear that if there had been proper care in the past the chances for them to work effectively would have been much higher than they actually are. Thus it is recommended that people invest well and keep regular maintenance on their priority list so as ensuring that the optical equipment works to its potential. In order to please the mangers the lab managers have been making efforts on a general basis. In a situation where they take proper care of the optical equipment its chances of them gaining their superiors confidence increases much higher. Also the chances of the growth and increase in responsibilities increase with their efficiency level. Thus it can be concluded that if the equipment is given the best care the duration of them lasting for years increases drastically.

Majority of people in this world take the help of medicines like Ritalin and Adderall for managing illnesses like ADHD and ADD. The advantage of these medicines is that focus power increases along with concentration helping with different tasks. Reliefs from hyperactivity signs are easily attained letting people sit still and not feel restless. Life can be made productive which helps the person to carry out different tasks without any difficulty. But not all people have medical coverage for buying such prescription drugs. These people search for an Aderrall substitute offering same advantages without any adverse impacts.

There are lots of people using Ritalin and Adderall in an abusive way to benefit from their advantageous properties without suffering from ADHD and ADD. This is absolutely illegal. For people like these some natural medication product with same qualities without being pharmaceutical product is ideal. The product is called AdderRx. Buying Adderall substitute like this is quite easy as prescription isn’t necessary and offers different betterments like increasing energy, focus and span of attention. The product is made of substances that improves mental functionality and is not habit-forming like majority of these pharmaceuticals.

The useful ingredients of AdderRx improve the working of the brain. Brain activity increases to great extent along with improved ability for concentrating on various tasks, increasing energy and lots more.

The question might strike most people regarding why use Adderall substitute over popular medicines that have been used by people since a long time? Starters will find this product absolutely cheap unlike other medicines. Co-pays of huge amount can be avoided for seeing the doctor and brand drugs that are highly expensive need not be bought. Adverse effects do not come with this products use. Drugs like Adderall has different side-effects and not recommendable for majority of sufferers. The striking feature or advantage of AdderRx is the fact that apart from the benefit it offers, energy boost is available that helps keep the body in great condition.

The manufacturers are providing full amount back guarantee on the product. Although, AdderRx is not that well known like other medicines here but it certainly provides numerous benefits without any drawbacks. People suffering can definitely try the product without worrying about anything.

Various types of procedures and tests are involved to evaluate and examine the eye health and vision quality. Starting from simple tests to complicated ones, eye examination constitutes the use of different equipments like phoropter, autorefractor, slit lamp, fundus camera and much more. Provided below are the various types of eye examination tests that people suffering from eye disorders have to encounter:

Carl Zeiss has remained a leading name in the field of glaucoma care for over a long period of time. The introduction of the Humphrey Field Analyzer with GPA or Guided Progression Analysis by the company has led to a significant growth in the field of eye care. This ophthalmic equipment can be used by eye care professionals to monitor the changes taking place in the eye very closely and prevent vision loss from diseases that come with no symptoms or warning signs. The GPA software present along with the equipment helps to determine accurately the disease stage, progression rate and risk of vision loss through proper calculation of visual deterioration rate.

When people think about inventions of medical gadgets, lenses and spectacles hardly come to their mind. Its widespread use is perhaps the reason it is not considered as anything innovative. It has been there for such a long time that even history of past few centuries does not have any reference about it. Only when one studies an entire decade of past from now that bifocal lenses and other ophthalmic equipment can be learnt about. Besides, the usefulness of an equipment is most realised when it is unavailable, which has never been the case with spectacles due to sufficient supply of it.

As far as history is concerned, the innovation of bifocal lenses is associated with Benjamin Franklin, former statesman of the US. The evidence behind his association with the innovation is the overwhelming price of 18Franks that he paid to Sykes, English optician situated in France, for a pair of spectacles in 1779, when Franklin was serving as a US ambassador to France. Besides, in one of his letters written in 1784 to George Whatley, Franklin has expressed contentment towards double spectacles that made his eyes equally useful, according to him, as they were earlier. These statements have been supposed to suggest that Franklin used something extraordinary that was ordered by him too.

However, researches reveal evidences that The Dollonds had already been manufacturing same or similar kinds of spectacles by that time. However, commercial prospects of it could never be perceived by them. Thus, their production remained only bespoke service. In this context, Franklin can be considered to have popularised the ophthalmic equipment but not as its inventor.

The fact can further be supported by a letter written by John Fenno, editor of an American newspaper, to his wife in 1789. In the letter, he mentioned about his meeting with the statesman in which Franklin mentioned his dependence upon spectacles. Fenno was told by Franklin that he wore spectacles fro past 50years but had the bifocal lenses only in 1780, which is more than a decade later than the earliest experiment done for the cause.

However, this cannot be stated as a hard fact whether Franklin did or did not innovated the bifocal spectacles. The fact that he suffered with hyperopia, which made him dependent upon spectacles since 1730, does leave the scope to consider that Franklin might have used bifocal spectacles or experimented with earlier than its popularisation. Besides, his enthusiasm for ophthalmic equipment is known and confirmed. He had promoted various ophthalmic aides in the US and had even imported various vision aides for himself. However, he had been depicted with bifocal spectacles in one of the portrait made by Charles Peale in 1785 while the equipment gained popularity among public during the decade of 1790s.

Lens has been in use since 300BC. However, people recognised it as an ophthalmic aide not before 1280, when it was started to be used to aide far-sight. It was only in 1570 that lenses were found to support near-sight too.

150 years back, Von Helmholtz was the 1st to discover ophthalmoscope and it is expected that during the anniversary, antique ophthalmic equipment and book collection will be gathered at Royal College in London. Eye conditions were quite difficult to treat in the early days owing to the unavailability of proper equipments. However, the invention of ophthalmoscope in 1851 brought a relief to people suffering from different eye disorders. Famous men like Edward Jaeger, A Von Graefe and William Bowman began to come up with different explanations on different eye conditions. The Oxford room contains an early ophthalmoscope model developed by Helmholtz along with a published explanation.

The early ophthalmic equipment needed some light source in order to focus the light to examine the fundus properly. Helmholtz was the 1st to use flickering candle for the purpose of illumination. Incandescent bulb was put to use by Henry Juler way back in 1885. The ophthalmic equipment pioneers used different mirrors that ranged from plano glass to concave steel. Plated glass made concave mirror was introduced for the 1st time by Adolf Coccius. Various instruments will be displayed at the exhibition where a few would consist of varying magnitudes for focal lengths.

Changes to mirror were 1st brought about by John Couper as he tried to angle the mirror to a specific extent. The idea by John Couper led to fundus observation in perpendicular position by avoiding all types of distortion. Couper ophthalmic equipment can be found at the exhibition and definitely a highly anticipated item. Loring introduced rectangular mirror with the vertical sides of the mirror cut off. Loring’s idea finds a place among the recent instruments developed for observation of the eye.

Initially a lot of problem was faced regarding interchanging of mirrors with various focal lengths. But it was Lindsay Johnson who solved this problem by developing ophthalmic equipment with 2 mounted mirrors. Couper and de Wecker made use of ophthalmoscope for the purpose of refraction. If a person is of the opinion that only ophthalmoscopes are offered at the exhibition then it would be absolutely wrong. Trial lens developed by Paetz and Flohr that were found in the attic of a German hospital definitely will grab the attention. 19th century surgical instruments will be kept at the exhibition. Instruments like cataract knives, keratomes will be present along with the very first contact lenses invented by the famous, Otto Wichterle.

Hermann Von Helmholtz discovered the ophthalmoscope one hundred fifty years ago and during this anniversary, the antique book and ophthalmic equipment collection is expected to be assembled at the Royal College of Ophthalmologists located in London. It was till the year 1851 that ophthalmologists found it hard to treat various eye conditions like loss of vision or dimness. After the discovery of ophthalmoscope things began to change and explanations for various eye disorders were put forth by men like William Bowman, Edward Jaeger and Albert Von Graefe. One of the earliest models of ophthalmoscope from Helmholtz is placed in Oxford room along with its published explaining. These valuable and antique items are a part of the seventy ophthalmoscopes from the nineteenth century.

These types of ophthalmic equipment required some illumination source so that light can be focused into the eye along with some lens arrangement for correction of the focus of the fundus image. The flickering candle was used by Helmholtz as the main source of illumination. In the year 1885, Henry Juler was the first person to use an incandescent bulb. There were varieties of mirrors used by the pioneers of ophthalmic equipment ranging from polished concave steel to coated plano glass. Adolf Coccius was the first person to introduce the concave mirror built of plated glass. Out of the different instruments at display, some are found to have focal length of different magnitudes. The ophthalmoscope of Edward Jaeger consisted of two different mirrors.

John Couper brought some changes to the position of the mirror by angling it to a certain extent. It was this idea that allowed the observation of the fundus in a perpendicular position without any sort of distortion. The ophthalmic equipment from Couper is present at the collection and definitely one of the most anticipated items on display. The rectangular mirror from Loring with its vertical sides cut off allowed tilting of the mirror either to the left or to the right. The idea from Loring has been put to use in several ophthalmoscope designs of present day.

The ophthalmic equipment from Lindsay Johnson solved the problem of interchanging mirrors of different focal length as the equipment had two mirrors mounted permanently on it. Some of the early practitioners like de Wecker and Couper used the ophthalmoscope even for refraction. Apart from the ophthalmoscopes there are several other equipments on display at the collection. The trial lens by Flohr and Paetz recovered from some German hospital attic are definitely worth a look. Along with that surgical instruments dating back to the nineteenth century are also present in the collection. Some of the instruments on display include keratomes, cataract knives with ivory handles as well as needles. Many of these equipments are kept in wooden boxes with beautiful designs and brass fittings. One can even find the very samples of soft contact lenses, a truly remarkable invention from Otto Wichterle. Model eyes used for teaching students are kept in the collection with beautifully painted fundi.