May 14, 2012

Y chromosome diversity in Native Mexicans (Sandoval et al. 2012)

From the paper:

The first dimension of the CoA (60.53%) separates Q-M3 from the rest, and the second dimension (39.47%) C-M130 from the rest. In agreement ith the known distribution of haplogroup C, we observed that the two northernmost populations of this panel (Chippewa and Sioux) cluster next to C-M130 and the rest of populations show varying proportions of Q-M242 and Q-M3. It is noteworthy that Native Mexicans are the only regional group with populations represented next to both the Q-M242 cluster and the Q-M3 cluster. In contrast, all Central and South American samples were grouped significantly closer to the Q-M3 haplogroup (Fig. 3).

The genetic characterization of Native Mexicans is important to understand multiethnic based features influencing the medical genetics of present Mexican populations, as well as to the reconstruct the peopling of the Americas. We describe the Y-chromosome genetic diversity of 197 Native Mexicans from 11 populations and 1,044 individuals from 44 Native American populations after combining with publicly available data. We found extensive heterogeneity among Native Mexican populations and ample segregation of Q-M242* (46%) and Q-M3 (54%) haplogroups within Mexico. The northernmost sampled populations falling outside Mesoamerica (Pima and Tarahumara) showed a clear differentiation with respect to the other populations, which is in agreement with previous results from mtDNA lineages. However, our results point toward a complex genetic makeup of Native Mexicans whose maternal and paternal lineages reveal different narratives of their population history, with sex-biased continental contributions and different admixture proportions. At a continental scale, we found that Arctic populations and the northernmost groups from North America cluster together, but we did not find a clear differentiation within Mesoamerica and the rest of the continent, which coupled with the fact that the majority of individuals from Central and South American samples are restricted to the Q-M3 branch, supports the notion that most Native Americans from Mesoamerica southwards are descendants from a single wave of migration. This observation is compatible with the idea that present day Mexico might have constituted an area of transition in the diversification of paternal lineages during the colonization of the Americas.

6 comments:

No surprise in the lack of R1. That is consistent with other data from the region. In Latin America, the many Indians who mixed with Europeans became "Europeans". In "North America" (US-Can), the few Europeans who mixed with Indians often became "Indians".The result is a Latin America full of mestizos and "pure" indians and a North America full of half-white indians and "pure" Europeans.

Now please tell the R1b (P312+) folks to stop claiming they are not pure native American! He edited Wikipedia to say R1b1b2 is a native American marker and printed as his laminated reference! Now that is crafty lol!

The R1b-P312 guys did to the Americas what they do best!

In less than 500years they are the obvious majority from Saskatchewan to the strait of Magellan!

Fuck PC bullshit, someone needs to discuss the genocide. I (M170) people are entitled to some compensation along with M3...or never talk about peace

" In "North America" (US-Can), the few Europeans who mixed with Indians often became "Indians"."

It's not that simple. In fact right now there is a fully white candidate for US Senate in Massachussetts who is an example of something that is quite common - the white person with Cherokee ancestry. Then there are all the Southerners with obvious "Indian" ancestry of unknown origin - Creek, Choctaw, whatever. There was a lot of intermarriage in the South in the early decades. Pieces of land came into English families as dowries and so on.

In New York it can be hard to trace Iroquis ancestry because Irioquois often took English names when it came to English record keeping, for very good reason - Iroquois names were long and confusing and the record keeprs did not have a good orthography for transcribing them anyway. Anyway a lot of people in upstate NY have Iroquios ancestry they are no longer aware of.

I understand that quite a lot of Quebecois have significant Ojibwe ancestry. Not Metis, but just basic Francophone Quebeckers.

Jim, of course I was just making a useful generalization and there are such cases, but whatever integration there was, it was nothing compared to what happened in Latin America, where the mestizo population is an overwhelming majority in most places. Also, I said "pure" tongue-in-cheek, because, again, things are obviously more complicated than that. But overall I think my comment was accurate enough.

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