Thyroid and Parathyroid Hormones - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Thyroid and Parathyroid Hormones. Biology 30. Thyroxin. responsible for the regulation of metabolism, body heat production & oxygen consumption in the mitochondria. Metabolism = the body’s ability to use glucose for cellular respiration

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Thyroid and Parathyroid Hormones

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Thyroxin • responsible for the regulation of metabolism, body heat production & oxygen consumption in the mitochondria. • Metabolism = the body’s ability to use glucose for cellular respiration • Normal thyroxin output is necessary for normal body growth.

Normal Feedback Mechanism • Hypothalamus senses low levels of thyroxin & decreases in body temperature • Hypothalamus secretes Thyroid Releasing Factor (TRF) to stimulate the Anterior Pituitary Gland (APG) to release Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)into the Blood. • TSH reaches its target  Thyroid Gland • Thyroid Gland is stimulated to produce Thyroxin which is then released into the bloodstream. (***Thyroxin can only be made in the presence of Iodine) • Thyroxin targets all body cells to promote cellular metabolism & growth. • If no thyroxin produced by the above mechanism then the APG continues to release TSH. The thyroid then becomes over stimulated and swells  GOITRE

Thyroxin Disorders: • Hypo-secretion of Thyroxin: (Under-active thyroid) • Myxoedema: Applies to adults who have low energy, frequently cold, skin swells/yellows and becomes leathery, weight gain & slow thinking • Cretinism: Applies to children who display a form of dwarfism where the skeleton-brain-gonads fail to grow & develop normally. Cretins are usually born without a thyroid. Baby milestones are delayed. • Thyroxin supplements are necessary for both disorders.

Calcitonin: • responsible for the build up of bone by stimulating the bones to absorb Calcium & Phosphates from the blood. • Excess blood calciums are also excreted through the action of calcitonin on the kidneys.

Parathyroid Hormone: • Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is the only one released by the parathyroid. • this hormone is responsible for the break down of bones in a simple way • bones act as a storage site for blood calcium • if blood calcium gets to low you lose the ability to clot blood, operate muscles and nervous tissue