Non-operating expense and income includes fair-value adjustments of derivative liabilities on account of the warrants issued in the private placement which we conducted in February 2012. These fair-value adjustments are highly influenced by our share price at each period end (revaluation date). In addition, non-operating expense and income includes the pro-rata share of issuance expenses from the private placement related to the warrants.

Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates

We describe our significant accounting policies more fully in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2011. We believe that the accounting policies below are critical for one to fully understand and evaluate our financial condition and results of operations.

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we prepare in accordance with IFRS. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate such estimates and judgments, including those described in greater detail below. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Functional Currency

The currency of the primary economic environment in which our operations are conducted is the NIS. As we have not recorded significant recurring revenues since our inception, we consider the currency of the primary economic environment to be the currency in which we expend cash. A significant portion of our expenses and capital expenditures are incurred in NIS, and almost all of our financing has been provided in NIS.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenues in accordance with International Accounting Standard No. 18, or IAS 18. Under IAS 18, revenues incurred in connection with the out-licensing of our patents and other intellectual property are recognized when all of the following criteria have been met as of the applicable balance sheet date:

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we have transferred to the licensee the significant risks and rewards of the rights to the patents and intellectual property;

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we do not retain either the continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership or the effective control over the patents and intellectual property;

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we can reliably measure the amount of revenue to be recognized;

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it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to us; and

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we can reliably measure the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the out-licensing.

We recognize revenues incurred in connection with the rendering of services by reference to the stage of completion of the transaction at the balance sheet date, if and when the outcome of the transaction can be estimated reliably.

We recognize revenues from royalties on an accrual basis when they become probable in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement.

Accrued Expenses

We are required to estimate accrued expenses as part of our process of preparing financial statements. This process involves estimating the level of service performed on our behalf and the associated cost incurred in instances where we have not been invoiced or otherwise notified of actual costs. Examples of areas in which subjective judgments may be required include costs associated with services provided by contract organizations for preclinical development, clinical trials and manufacturing of clinical materials. We account for expenses associated with these external services by determining the total cost of a given study based on the terms of the related contract. We accrue for costs incurred as the services are being provided by monitoring the status of the trials and the invoices received from our external service providers. In the case of clinical trials, the estimated cost normally relates to the projected costs of treating the patients in our trials, which we recognize over the estimated term of the trial according to the number of patients enrolled in the trial on an ongoing basis, beginning with patient enrollment.