Hugli-Kolkata Industrial Region located in West Bengal, this region extends as a narrow belt running
along the river Hugli for a distance of about 100 km from Bansbaria and
Naihati in the north to Birlanagar in the south. Industries have also
developed in Midnapur district in the west. The river Hugli offered the
best site for the development of an inland river port as nucleus for the
development of Hugli industrial region.

The old trading centre of late 17th century has developed into the
present industrial hub of Kolkata. Thus Kolkata-Haora forms the nucleus
of this region. It is very well- connected by the Ganga and its
tributaries with the rich hinterland of Ganga-Brahmaputra plains.
Besides navigable rivers, roads and the railways provided subsequent
links to the great benefit of Kolkata port.

The discovery of coal
and iron ore in Chotanagpur plateau, tea plantations in Assam and
northern parts of West Bengal and the processing of deltaic Bengal’s
jute led to the industrial development in this region. Cheap labour
could be found easily from the thickly populated states of Orissa,
Bihar, Jharkhand and eastern part of U.P. Kolkata, having been
designated capital city of the British India (1773-1912) attracted large
scale British investment of capital.

Establishment of first jute
mill at Rishra in 1855 ushered in the era of modem industrial clustering
in this region. A chain of jute mills and other factories could be
established on either side of Hugli River with the help of Damodar
valley coal. The port site was best-suited for export of raw materials
to England and import of finished goods from that country.

Kolkata’s industries have established by drawing in the raw materials
from adjoining regions and distributing the finished goods to consuming
points. Thus, the role of transport and communication network has been
as important as the favourable locational factors in the growth of this
region. By 1921, Kolkata-Hugli region was responsible for two-thirds of
factory employment in India.

Paper, engineering, textile machinery, electrical, chemical,
pharmaceuticals, fertilizers and petrochemical industries have also
developed in this region. Factory of the Hindustan Motors Limited at
Konanagar and diesel engine factory at Chittaranjan are landmarks of
this region.

Location of petroleum refinery at Haldia has
facilitated the development of a variety of industries. The major
centres of this industrial region are Kolkata, Haora, Haldia, Serampur,
Rishra, Shibpur, Naihati, Kakinara, Shamnagar, Titagarh, Sodepur, Budge
Budge, Birlanagar, Bansbaria, Belgurriah, Triveni, Hugli, Belur, etc.

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