Footnote 4: Mayo later explained that he was advocating sending the submarines with the monitor Tonapah to serve as their tender. Benson agreed to sending the submarines and, on 27 October, four K-class American submarines arrived in Ponta Delgada . See: Mayo to Josephus Daniels, 30 August 1917, and Still, Crisis at Sea, 136-37.

Footnote 5: When the United States Navy arrived in the Azores, it made Ponta Delgada, the largest city in the island chain its base of operations. Still, Crisis at Sea, 137.

Footnote 6: That means that the Navy forces in the Azores would be under Sims’ command. In a letter to Secretary Daniels of 20 August, Sims complained that he was not been kept apprised of American activity in the islands. Sims to Daniels, 20 August 1917, DNA, RG 45, Entry 517B.