As
people pay more and more attention to environmental protection, environmental
detection technology plays a more and more important role in its governance.
Based on this, this paper gives an overview of the application of environmental
monitoring technology, focusing on the introduction of bioluminescence
detection technology and sensing technology.

Due
to the wide variety of environmental pollutants, complex matrix, high toxicity,
long time exposure and easy bioaccumulation, the health of human will be
greatly threatened. At the same time, as people pay more and more attention to
environmental pollution, the detection standards and technical requirements for
pollutants in the environment are increasingly strict. Therefore, it is of
great importance to strengthen the application of the technology to ensure the
effective implementation of the testing work and to improve the testing level.

Role
in urban environmental planning; In the process of socialized production, the
development of economic and environmental protection is a unified relationship,
emphasizing that economic and environmental construction should be carried out
"three synchronization", that is, synchronous planning, synchronous
implementation and synchronous development. Secondly, to do a good job in urban
environmental planning, we must make a scientific and reasonable assessment of
the current situation of urban environment, and scientific environmental assessment
comes from practical and reliable environmental monitoring. Function in social
goods; Social goods are circulated and used in the whole society. The quality
of products should be measured from the impact on people and the environment,
such as the emission of harmful waste gas indicators of motor vehicles and
noise indicators of household appliances such as refrigerators. Role in
scientific research; The progress of science and technology is the first
condition of social and economic development, and some scientific studies
usually in environmental monitoring as arguments, such as natural resources
investigation of environmental background investigation, environmental
monitoring and pollution source investigation, etc., in the study of
environmental capacity to do these aspects of environmental monitoring, to
promote scientific research and development of the economy has a great
significance.

In
the natural environment, some bacteria, fungi, and insects and other creatures
with luminescence properties, and its all belong to and gram-negative anaerobic
bacterium, can exercise, so can choose emission fluorescence characteristics in
environmental detection of bacteria as indicator bacteria, but due to the
intensity of fluorescence emission will be affected by heavy metals in the
soil, the intensity of fluorescence emission can be as indicators of
environmental detection, for mixed poisons in the soil, heavy metals such as
camphor ball monitoring work. Secondly, it has been proved in practice that
bioluminescence detection technology is applied in environmental detection, and
fluorescence bacteria is used as sensitive material, which has high
sensitivity, intuitive and rapid detection and can be combined with biosensor
technology and computer technology. In the future, its detection range in
environmental detection will be expanded.

The
main role of biological enzyme technology is to detect pesticides in
environmental pollutants, and toxic pollutants such as heavy metals, which
endanger human and animal health. The two most commonly used methods are
biological enzyme inhibition technology and enzyme immunoassay technology.
Among them, the principle of enzyme inhibition technology is the use of toxic
pollutants such as pesticides or heavy metal, of a specific enzyme inhibition,
and then by joining the substrate of the enzyme catalytic chromogenic agent
whether the degree of color and color rendering, whether of enzyme inhibition
reaction happened and inhibit the reaction degree of judgment, and monitoring
to detect the existence of environmental pollutants and size and existing
content. Is another kind of enzyme immunoassay technology, it is a kind of
composite enzyme technology and the new technology of immune technology, is
nearly period of time before the rise of a more applicable in environmental
detection technology, its work principle is mainly by reference to the
specificity of the reaction between antigen and antibody, and about the
existence of pollutants to detailed judgment is made. In general, environmental
pollutants will be used as antigens in the application, and then specific
antibodies will be obtained through the immune animals, so that the antibodies
and antigens will conduct specific reactions in the animal in vitro, so as to
make the most basic judgment of the components to be tested in the pollutants.

PRC
technology refers to polymerase chain reaction, which can synthesize specific
DNA fragments in vitro to achieve the function of expanding gene DNA and RNA
fragments, and is the development and extension of cloning technology. As the
enzyme used in PCR has high temperature resistance, its specificity is strong.
Secondly, the application of PRC technology in environmental detection is shown
in the following three aspects: the PRC technology gradually replaces the
traditional isolation and culture detection method, and can accurately detect
harmful organisms and pathogenic bacteria in the external environment, thus
improving the efficiency of environmental detection; Because of the high
sensitivity of the PCR technique, microbial pathogens can be detected even in
very low concentrations of water. At the same time, the technique is more
standard than traditional detection methods and has higher sensitivity. The
results of PCR detection can provide reliable basis for the evaluation of water
quality, and after continuous development and improvement, PCR technology is
likely to replace the existing detection methods of water bacteriology with its
unique advantages.

Electrochemical
sensor is affected by pressure variation is small, but the pressure difference
can damage the sensor in the sensor, so the pressure balance is the
precondition of normal work of the sensor, and electrochemical sensor is
sensitive to temperature, temperature above 25 ℃, reading is higher, and less than 25 ℃, low readings. Secondly
electrochemical sensor is to use react with gas under test, and then according
to the electrical and gas concentration determination of relationship between
the ratio of the gas content, the typical electrochemical sensor main
components including breathable membrane, electrode, electrolyte and filters,
at the same time, more common a humidity sensor, nitrogen oxide sensors,
sulfide gas sensor, etc., among them, the coated with piezoelectric quartz
crystal sensor is relatively commonly used humidity measurement instrument, the
instrument by photosynthetic chemical technology can be made into a small
quartz from transistors, then four kinds of high moisture sensitivity of
material coated on the quartz crystal, due to the vibration frequency and
change along with the change of quality, The relative humidity of different
gases can be measured by choosing different coatings. Such as sulfur dioxide is
the main reason for the formation of acid rain, it is also one of the main
cause of air pollution, so the use of sulfur dioxide sensor detection, can
reduce the testing time, improve the detection accuracy, in the test, the ion
exchange membrane should be solid polymer, and one side of the membrane should
contain internal electrolyte on the electrode and reference electrode, insert
the platinum electrode, on the other side to form sulfur dioxide sensor.

In
the actual environmental detection, the liquid sensor is more widely used than
the gas sensor because of the wide range of pollutants in the water
environment. For example, pesticides are a special kind of chemical, which can
not only control the diseases and insect pests in agriculture and forestry, but
also cause serious harm to people and animals. Therefore, the use of
cobalt-benzodiazepine dye and galvanometer can facilitate the detection of
triazine herbicides without deoxidation. Second with the infrared spectrum of
the fiber sensor, can also be used for rapid detection of pesticide, specific
optical fiber lining can be coated after non-polar organic modified aerosol
material, can significantly improve the water in the fiber molecular
dissipation function of the signal, and the ability to extract solution of
organophosphorus pesticides for spectral analysis. In addition, the pollution
of hormone molecules and their metabolites often leads to abnormal growth,
development and reproduction of organisms. This technique requires no sample
pretreatment and can be directly tested for hormones in natural water bodies in
different regions.

In
conclusion, with the continuous development of economy and the continuous
improvement of people's living standards, environmental problems have attracted
wide attention of the whole society. The application of environmental detection
technology can not only help us understand the current environmental situation,
but also provide reliable technical guidance for improving living conditions.
Therefore, with the continuous development of science and technology, the
environmental detection technology should be constantly optimized to establish
rapid, efficient, environmentally friendly and accurate environmental
indicators.