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wm^ttikttu chatmlifiiutt by i hi 1.0 imi1ti j salisbury n c 1 ursn\y may 22 1827 vol vii iv o 8e the terms ofthe western carolinian are s3 ner annum or k2 ill if paid '" advance hu knunsdvafnee slill be required iflrorn sll subscriber at a distance who are unknown to be w.lor unless some responsible person ol his acquaintance guarantees x'.:a pas sent no paper disc in.ie ex ept at the option or the falitor until nil arreurr-ges hiepÂ»Â«l advertisement ssill lie inserted l fifty cents per square for the first insertion ond iwenty-hvc cents for each subsequent one all letter addres-ed to thc editor must be po.t-fiaid or they may not be attended to war and oilier vessels of an inferior class at pensacola and if it shall appear from such inquiry an and examination thai such railway would he useful to the navy of the united stales and can be constructed ni treasonable expense thai he cause lhc same to be constructed on thc most appioved plan see 6 and licit further enacted that tin president ol the l'nited slates be and hc is hereby authorized to t atiso the navy yards of thc united s.ates to be thoroughly examined and plans to he prepared and sanctioned by the president for lhe improvement of thc same and tho preservation of the public property therein from which plans no deviation shall hereafter bc made bul by his special j order i is hereby appropriated o be paid out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated approved : 3d march 18,7 . ri-suc-wi^i an act concerning flie loraiim ol hind reserved for the us ot mi seminary of learning in the state of louisiana that instrument were ccrte'inly as well understood as they can he at this day bi mr archer mr hamilton mr steven son or mr tattnal the solemn acts of legislation of that body corresponded exactly with those sentiments they protected by dudes agriculture manufac jurcs and commerce but the second it will be said ihat this is but ., draw bnclt of tho extravagant and enormous duly on silt this is no enswer i is lo all intents an 1 pu.poscs a bounty lint i lay ni sorl s'i'ess on this fact the argument is too sjrong-to need it hui has the qavernmeni laid no duties on importation for the protection of agri culture > â– ei-lu representatives of the unitid states of a d however willing the world may he america in congress assemble that th 0 do complete justicetotheextruordinory secretary of the treasury be and he is jslents and pure patriotism of mr ilam hereliy authorized to locale a quantity ol dton he will not be offended ot the as lant not exceeding two entire townships scr ' lon ' hat mr madison one of the reserved hy the eleventh section of the purest and soundest men that virginia twenty-first april eighteen hundred and evcr produced is not inferior to him six nnd by the seventh section of lhc act -"â– ' l when in thc year 1789 mr madison of the third of march eighteen hundred an<l m03t of h Â« other feuding members an.l eleven for the use ol a seminary of of congress recently fromthe convention learning in lhe state nf louisiana on any " ot onl y admitted the right but advoca of the public lands in the state in sections ej thc exercise of that light to protect corresponding with any of ihe legal manufactures surely it is among the divisions into which thc public lands arc Â»Â»Â»Â« wonderful things of thc present age authorized lo he surveyed ilat enlightened men and enlightened sec 2 and bc it further enacted that xlii " ol me Â»- shi-ld now denounce its so soon as thc location of said lands shall wercise as a violation of thc constitution be made as aforesaid thc title thereto a m"*"b "'Â« aberrations ol the human shall be and he is hereby vested in lhe mini1 ' th ' 3 nm certainly hold a conspic state of louisiana for the use of a semi " d " s rank nary or seminaries of leaning herein as mr madison .-â– " regulations lnvcbccn the legislature of said state may direct provided in some of the states ami ppro-e id siiyrch xn'37 have succeeded in producing some es â– lahlislimciits ought not to be to from the the high duties on cotton and hemp in 1789 were expressly to encourage lho groivlh of tho.e articles in the south the staples of which were then most lamen tably depreciated as witness the jeremi ad of jedanus ll'irke on the 16th of april in that year " the staple products of south csroli na and leorgia were hardly worth culti vation on account of their fall in pricea the lands were certainly well adapter to the rrowth of hemp nnd hc had no doubt but its culture would bc practised with attciitiiui cotton was likewise in contemplation among them j and if rood seed could bc procured he hoped might succeed hot the low strong rice ljnds would produce hemp in abundance many thousand tons even this year if it ivcroj not loo inie in ihc season â€” lloyd's de bates of congress vol 1 p 79 by authority taxi of the united state pn'.ed at the second anion of the xiiicteenth ( ongrets rcstic so 51 an act to authorize the governor and legisla tive council of florida lo provide fnr hold ing additional terms of thc superior courts therein be tl enacted bit the senate and home of rep recitative of the uniled states of america in congi-es ntiemhleil that tl.e governor and legislature council of the territory of florida are hereby authorized inlil congress shall otherwise direct lo provide by law for holding the superior courts of said territory at such other places within their respective district es may be necessary for the more convenient administration of justice therein john v taylor rnenlrer of the house iul representative nath'l x,.xx.o:x president of the senotc pro tempore approved min ch 3d 1827 " john ftulncy al ms sec 7 and be tt further enacted that thu money appropriated by this act shall not hc transferred to any other object ol expenditure nor shall any part thereof bc r.irried to thc fund denominated the sur plus fund ; and annual reports shall he submitted to congress of the expendi tures under this acl and the measures taken to carry the snnie into effect approved i 3d march 1827 r i no 55 an act trrantinjr tn the corporation of the city of mobile the right of preference in purchase of four section at or near spring mill in thc county ol mobile mr tucker another of the represent talives from south carolina joined in tho doleful chorus with mr burke :' communication has taken place lt wuuld be cruel lo " the situation of south carolina wae melancholy while the inhabitants were dceplv in debt the produce of the state was daily falling in price it ice and in digo were become so low aa to bc con sidered by many not objects worthy of cultivation " â€” idem page 93 the duties imposed at that time on those bulky raw materials cotton and hemp were 150 per cent higher than those on tbe finest cotton or hempen goods cotton sells now lo ibe smith for 7 8 9 and 10 cents per lb the duty which is actually prohibitory is three cents equal lo 34 per cent an act for improving the navigation of the ohio itiver bf tt enacted by ihc senate and rome of rupee itntadvat of he united state of america in co.,i>-.-cm anembled that all snags sawyers stumps ic ond obstructions of every descrip tion whicli tend to endanger the steamboat ftsvigftticr of the ohil blvsr at anv navigelis gtagc of the water and which piescnt them selves and are to be found on be hanks and sides ofthe niver shall be r moved so that the navigation of said itiver mav be rendered at all times safe i and the same shall be done under the super.irioo and direction of the secretary of wor and through the old of nine praeticnl ogent acquainted wilh the situation of the kiver its respective burs island and dondcrnus dangerous places and parts and he shall likewise cause the channel of said itiver at a part usually colled the grand chain near its mouth so to be deepened by a proper channel formed ihat at tbe usual stale of the water etea boats may be enabied safely to pass and repass the same sec 2 tint he it further enacted tllnt fnr carrying this act into effect the si-m of thirty thousand dollars be and the same is hereby appropriated out of any money iu the treasury not otherwise appropriated approved : 3d march is be it enacted by the senate and i louse of representatives of the united states of arrwrica in congress assembled that the register and receiver of the land office nt saint stephen's bc and ihey are heic by authorized and directed to receive from thc corporation of the city of j mobile the sum of one dollar nnd liven ty five cents per acre for a cpinntity of land not exceeding four sections al or near spiinv hill in the county of mobile and state of alabama j nnd upon the re reipt of said sum as aforesaid ho said register and receiver shall issue their conificatc to and in the name of thc cot-potation ofthe cily of mobile for thc said quantity of land nol exceeding folic sections as aforesaid mr p white sir as i have been a subscri i ber io your valuable paperfrom its commence ment to the present date ; and as 1 have at all j times discovered in you a willingness to publish in it columns every thing which was in any way calculated to advance the jublic pood and ns there is at thil time much diversity of opinion among the politicians of lie present day on the effect ami constitutionality of the bill com monly railed the Â« wool or woollen bill passed during the late session of congress hy the house of representatives ami laid on thc table m the senate by thc but ing vote of tbe vice president 1 am of opinion much public good would be rendered to he inhabitants of this part of our republic hy publishing in your paper at this time nos 1 aid 2 essays which are to be found iu the national journal of thc 29th march over the sigii.tt ire of *â– ** colbert on that subject yours very respectfully pf cm fw jmhetlfcc munrt/niknti mom the national jours at mr pbtm foros i dear sir as thc very important question of the constitutionality of the congi'-suioual protection of manufactures is at present a subject of debate i request you will insert the two essays sent herewith in which it is fully d'ueussed yours c a const tutiomalist philadelphia march 24 1827 colbert no i neglect them and direct their industry to olher channels ; lor it is not possible for thc hand of man to shift from one employment to another without being injured by the change there may be some manufactures which being once tormed can advance towards perfection without any adventitious aid : while oth ers for want uf the fostering hand ot government will bc unable to go on at all legislative attention will therefore he necessary to collect thc proper objects for this purpose â€” lloyd's debates vol i p 2(i thc same â€” " the states that are most advanced iu population and ripe for man ufucturcs ought to have their particular interests attended to in some degree while these states retained the power of making regulations of trade ihev had the power to protect slid cherish such institutions ; by adopting the present constitution they have thrown the exer cisc of this power into other hands ; thev must buvo done this with on expectation tbat those interests would not bc neglec ted here idem p 24 general washington's sentiments on the subject arc certainly entitled to great attention in his message to congress 1790 he stales : their safety and interest require that they should promote such munulaci the cheese imported in 1825 averaged about 16 cents 29,097 lbs cost 1663 till duly is nin cents equal to 54 por cent hut cheese in holland is only 6 7 8 or 9 cents per ib and therefore so far as rewards thai quality ihc duly is liom 100 io iso per cent i trubt no man of honor will deny that this is a protecting duty it ia in a great degree prohibitory the enormous duties on snuff and to baben from 70 to 90 per cent imposed in 1 7 8 j , were intended to be and actually were prohibitory the object was ta secure the tobacco planter the consump tion of lhc country and this was effectu ally accomplished the cxorbiiiinl duly three cents per ib equal lo 75 a 100 per cent on hi own sugar a necessary of lite used chiefly by thc poor is lor the protection of lha wealthy planters of louisiana who always vote cn masse against thc protection of manufactures by duties of 25 30 or 33 per cent thc duties on sugar operate most ruinously on lhc merchants engaged in the u'ci india trade in which ihat article forms a chief item of remittance and is always or at least almost always a losing concern the attempts lo re duce lhc duly to 2 i 2 cents per pound were rejected by the southern votes whicli are rarely divided a member of congress voting igainat a small reduction of he duty of 75 a 100 per cent in his own favor on a milky article subject to heavy freight and next hour voting against a dutv of 30 or 40 per cent in favor of his fellow-cltizcm on a high article such as cottons exhibit a moral ploeiiomcnoii not calculated to excite very plcisurable 3ciisation in si philosophical mind so much for the protecting duties in favour of agriculture mr hamilton's distress about the suf fering nl the poor from ibe proposed duly on curse woollens nilgbl bc easily alleviated and his mind restored to its nsual sute of serenity by reflecting on the often-quoted case of coarse cottons the very high duty on which was opposed on similar grounds the article is now one hundred per cent bet'er lhan hen importedâ€”and is sold at half the piicc making a difference of eeventyflve per cent in favor of lhe poor vim ercllc 0 much of mr hamilton's comm terallon thai is io say one yard ol domestic cot ions now sold lor twelve and u half cents will wear twice as long us a yard of india i iu i'm which was sold at twenty fivo cents j and but for the domestics would continue at tha price coarse cottons in 1816 excited an equal degree the commiseration of some ofthe members of ihe hen congress lest iho poor should in oppressed and injured by high duties on lhc article ! sec 2 and be it further enacted that for and in consideration of the sum aforesaid paid as aforesaid that all the right and claim of the uulted states to the said quantity of land noi exceeding four sections in tne county of mobile and state aforesaid bc and the same is hereby vested in thc mayor and alder men of thc said city of mobile for the time being and their successors in office lo be applied or disposed of by them for the sole usr and benefit ofthe said city forever provided that no part of any claim arising from acts of known as donations or pre emptions by the rcpor ted list of actual settlers or from grants rccogiiiz ii bv any treaty shall be cover ed or taken bs this grant but the same shall bc excepted from and held as not covered or interfered svith by this act see 3 and be it further enacted that patents sli.ill issue upon the presentation nf s..id certificate of the hcgister and receiver aforesaid for lhc said quantity of land not exceeding four section to the co potation of the cily of mobile in the suuic manner that patents now issue upon the final certificate i approved id march lh.y rciilic â€” no 53 an act to grant a certain quantity of land to the state of ohio for the purpose of making a road from columbus to sandusky bl it enacted by the senate and hours of rep retentatlvetof the united stale of america in i one.cn anembled that there be and are hereb : , appropriated to the suite nt ohio for the purpose of aiding the columbub and son dusky turnpike company in making u road from columbus to sandusky cily tie one half of a quantity of hind equal to two sections on the western side of said road ami ni con tiguous thereto to be bounded by sectional lines from one end of said road to the other whensoever the same mav remain unsold re serving to the united stale inch alternito sec tion thc whole length of said road ihrough the lands of the united state lo be selected by the commissioner of the general laud office nnd.-r the direction of ibe president i proviiled that no loll shall at any time be collected of anv mail stntre nor of any troops or property of die united slates approved 3d march 1827 was believed that the question ol the lures as tend to render ihem independent right of congress to impose duties for of others lor essential particularly miii the protection of manufaclu-cs was final tary supplies ly settled â€” and that irritation would to promote here can have no olher never again bc excited on ihe subject meaning than to firatccl no other mode the belief has proved nugatory mr of promotion was in the power of con lnini!ton,of south carolina in a speech grcn manifesting considerable warmth snd again strong feeling has again asserted the " the encouragement of manufactures unconstitutionality of the system i of too much importance noi to insure a Â» when ill violation of the constitution continuance of their efforts in every way of lhe united states you talked of en tint shall appear eligible message ol couraging domestic manufactures did thev 1796 the southern members not point to mr jefferson's views corresponded cv thal part ;/ the proceedings of the convct \ aclly will those of icncral washington tion that framed the constitution in which i in bis message of ib')'2 be distinctly re ihe power to promote and encourge the commends thc protection of manufac useful arts kc by bounties was express lures lo congress ly refused to you did ihey not leil to cultivate peace maintain com ou thai ihc rights of one pat t of the merce and navigation ; to foster our fish community were invaded by an inii/iiiious cries and protect manufai lures adapted taxation for the benefit of a nullij to our circumstances tec are thc lorul ., ,,-.'â€¢_ mr hamilton's speech jim 23 marks by whicli to guide ouisclvcs in all 1827 jour relations this is harsh language and even il and are these overwhelming tcsti correct is not ver decorous towards tint ' monies to be set aside bv the new-fangled legislature of thc naiion which enacted construction of mr hamilton mr tait ihe existing tariff which is now brnndld ' rial mr culbbert mr archer ste kc 'â– wiih ihe opprobrious and dlsgraceeil forbid it reason and common sense wc stigma of " an iniquitous in ration nail might if such a construction were ut a violation of thc constitution i'm tempted lobe forced upon us say wilh what shall we say of this very strong r mr tattnal when he so violently on probation when it is proved to be utterly posed thc attempt to retcure from uln unsound in principle i our manufactures on which ibe middle nothing ran be more illogical than to states so mainly depend style a " protecting duty Â» bounty it 'â€¢ shall we submit to such treatment is an utter perversion of terms the s t o sir wc cannot uc c ste operation of both it is true is very near but ibis is language we scorn to use ly similar hut to insist from this rc supposing with mr hamilton howev ult that they are the same is just as cr illogically thai protecting dunes arc correct as lo assert thai bed and bread Â» bounties have wc no precedent 10 are thc same substance because they plead for them has our government equally contiibutc to support lho human i refined upon " bounties as " thc ac frame \ cursed thing ihat 'â€¢ violates the consult on the subject of the constitutionality lion >." what will mr hamilton say of protecting manufactures it may suffice i when hc reads lhc following section oi a lo refer thc reader to the subsequent cs ! law passed july 39 1813 i say published a year since in which thc â€¢' on all pit wed b lh ol lhc fisheries ol sentiments of thc first congress are to be thc lulled states exported therefrom lound fully and completely expressed subsequent to the last day of december beyond the power i cavil at a lime 1814 there she be allowed and paid â– when the meaning of thc framers of lhc j bounty [ yes mr hamilton a bouuly constitution and the proper bearing ol ; of twenty cents per barrel an oct to provide for the completion of the road from u point opposite to memphis in the state of tennessee to little itock in the territory of arkansas and for olher pur poses le in â€” ... 56 ri-li ic-iso 54 ofthe united states bk tl enacled by tl.e senate and house if rep resentative of the i nited slates of line tea in ctmgreu anembled that i'or the gradual improvement ... the navy ofthe united stales the sum uf five hundred thousand dollars per annum t'.ir six years i hereby appropriated to be applied as in ibis acl prescribed an i si may hereafter be directed by law sic 2 and be it further enacted that the president of the united btates be and he is hereby authorised lo cause to he procured ship timber suhable for the construction of ves sels of the various elsises now recognized in the navy of thc united 8tateÂ«i and also the imbcr proper for the comtruction of iteam batteries ; mid lo lake the propel meaiurci for having the isld timber dul masoned and pre rved so ai to be lit for immediote use an act fnr the gradual improvement of the navy re it enacted liu the senate and home j representatives of the united slates of america in congress assembled that the sum ol nine ihousand sixty live dollars be and be same is hereby appropi i.itcd in aid of the unexpended balance ot thc former appropriation to lhe same object lor the completion of the road from i point opposite to memphis in t lie stale of tennessee to little kock in the ter ritory of arkansas to be paid is lhc name may bc required out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropri ated by lusv sec 1 and be it further tiwcietl that the president of the uniled stales be and he is herco authorized to take tin proper measures to preserve the live oak limber growing on the laud of the united stales and hc is also ailtll.fr lied lo rescrvo from mlc luch ian i belonging lo thc united stales a may be f.mnd to con lain live oak or other timber '" lulbolenl quantity to render the tjartic valuable for naval purposes sec 4 and bell further enacted that thc president of lhc ui.i ed st.ites he an i lie is hereby authorised lo cause ... he constructed lis . tlrv docks i he moat approved ] ian for hie use of the navy of lhe united slates the i cue nf said docks to b erected at some point in the south and the other to the north of the potomac niver sec 3 and be it further enacted that ihe president of the united slates be ar.,1 lie is hereby authorized to cause a military road to he opened liom fort smith on the arkansas river to fort towson on the lied river and from ihencc southwardly to the northern boundary line of the state of louisiana by washington in hempstead county following the high lands between lhc waters of ihfl washita and red rivers in the direction ol nachltoches louisiana sec 3 lie :' further enacted that lhc resident be and be is hereby author ized 10 employ such part ofthe troops of the united slates as hc may think prop er to survey and construct said road ; and for the purpose of carrying into oi led thc provisions of this act the sum ol twelve th'..iÂ»a..'j dollars be and thc-samc see s and hc il further enacted that the president of the i mted state be and he is hereby suthorlaed to cause the nuceosarj ex iminollona and inquiries lobe made to ascer tain the practicability ami . xpedlenci of > rec > sg s murine railway for the repair il loop i mr hamilton lias expressed an idea having a close affinity with ihe threat k id uul b,v lr tatttial in repaid ty thr tariff ol 1834 â€¢ to conclude

wm^ttikttu chatmlifiiutt by i hi 1.0 imi1ti j salisbury n c 1 ursn\y may 22 1827 vol vii iv o 8e the terms ofthe western carolinian are s3 ner annum or k2 ill if paid '" advance hu knunsdvafnee slill be required iflrorn sll subscriber at a distance who are unknown to be w.lor unless some responsible person ol his acquaintance guarantees x'.:a pas sent no paper disc in.ie ex ept at the option or the falitor until nil arreurr-ges hiepÂ»Â«l advertisement ssill lie inserted l fifty cents per square for the first insertion ond iwenty-hvc cents for each subsequent one all letter addres-ed to thc editor must be po.t-fiaid or they may not be attended to war and oilier vessels of an inferior class at pensacola and if it shall appear from such inquiry an and examination thai such railway would he useful to the navy of the united stales and can be constructed ni treasonable expense thai he cause lhc same to be constructed on thc most appioved plan see 6 and licit further enacted that tin president ol the l'nited slates be and hc is hereby authorized to t atiso the navy yards of thc united s.ates to be thoroughly examined and plans to he prepared and sanctioned by the president for lhe improvement of thc same and tho preservation of the public property therein from which plans no deviation shall hereafter bc made bul by his special j order i is hereby appropriated o be paid out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated approved : 3d march 18,7 . ri-suc-wi^i an act concerning flie loraiim ol hind reserved for the us ot mi seminary of learning in the state of louisiana that instrument were ccrte'inly as well understood as they can he at this day bi mr archer mr hamilton mr steven son or mr tattnal the solemn acts of legislation of that body corresponded exactly with those sentiments they protected by dudes agriculture manufac jurcs and commerce but the second it will be said ihat this is but ., draw bnclt of tho extravagant and enormous duly on silt this is no enswer i is lo all intents an 1 pu.poscs a bounty lint i lay ni sorl s'i'ess on this fact the argument is too sjrong-to need it hui has the qavernmeni laid no duties on importation for the protection of agri culture > â– ei-lu representatives of the unitid states of a d however willing the world may he america in congress assemble that th 0 do complete justicetotheextruordinory secretary of the treasury be and he is jslents and pure patriotism of mr ilam hereliy authorized to locale a quantity ol dton he will not be offended ot the as lant not exceeding two entire townships scr ' lon ' hat mr madison one of the reserved hy the eleventh section of the purest and soundest men that virginia twenty-first april eighteen hundred and evcr produced is not inferior to him six nnd by the seventh section of lhc act -"â– ' l when in thc year 1789 mr madison of the third of march eighteen hundred an-.-cm anembled that all snags sawyers stumps ic ond obstructions of every descrip tion whicli tend to endanger the steamboat ftsvigftticr of the ohil blvsr at anv navigelis gtagc of the water and which piescnt them selves and are to be found on be hanks and sides ofthe niver shall be r moved so that the navigation of said itiver mav be rendered at all times safe i and the same shall be done under the super.irioo and direction of the secretary of wor and through the old of nine praeticnl ogent acquainted wilh the situation of the kiver its respective burs island and dondcrnus dangerous places and parts and he shall likewise cause the channel of said itiver at a part usually colled the grand chain near its mouth so to be deepened by a proper channel formed ihat at tbe usual stale of the water etea boats may be enabied safely to pass and repass the same sec 2 tint he it further enacted tllnt fnr carrying this act into effect the si-m of thirty thousand dollars be and the same is hereby appropriated out of any money iu the treasury not otherwise appropriated approved : 3d march is be it enacted by the senate and i louse of representatives of the united states of arrwrica in congress assembled that the register and receiver of the land office nt saint stephen's bc and ihey are heic by authorized and directed to receive from thc corporation of the city of j mobile the sum of one dollar nnd liven ty five cents per acre for a cpinntity of land not exceeding four sections al or near spiinv hill in the county of mobile and state of alabama j nnd upon the re reipt of said sum as aforesaid ho said register and receiver shall issue their conificatc to and in the name of thc cot-potation ofthe cily of mobile for thc said quantity of land nol exceeding folic sections as aforesaid mr p white sir as i have been a subscri i ber io your valuable paperfrom its commence ment to the present date ; and as 1 have at all j times discovered in you a willingness to publish in it columns every thing which was in any way calculated to advance the jublic pood and ns there is at thil time much diversity of opinion among the politicians of lie present day on the effect ami constitutionality of the bill com monly railed the Â« wool or woollen bill passed during the late session of congress hy the house of representatives ami laid on thc table m the senate by thc but ing vote of tbe vice president 1 am of opinion much public good would be rendered to he inhabitants of this part of our republic hy publishing in your paper at this time nos 1 aid 2 essays which are to be found iu the national journal of thc 29th march over the sigii.tt ire of *â– ** colbert on that subject yours very respectfully pf cm fw jmhetlfcc munrt/niknti mom the national jours at mr pbtm foros i dear sir as thc very important question of the constitutionality of the congi'-suioual protection of manufactures is at present a subject of debate i request you will insert the two essays sent herewith in which it is fully d'ueussed yours c a const tutiomalist philadelphia march 24 1827 colbert no i neglect them and direct their industry to olher channels ; lor it is not possible for thc hand of man to shift from one employment to another without being injured by the change there may be some manufactures which being once tormed can advance towards perfection without any adventitious aid : while oth ers for want uf the fostering hand ot government will bc unable to go on at all legislative attention will therefore he necessary to collect thc proper objects for this purpose â€” lloyd's debates vol i p 2(i thc same â€” " the states that are most advanced iu population and ripe for man ufucturcs ought to have their particular interests attended to in some degree while these states retained the power of making regulations of trade ihev had the power to protect slid cherish such institutions ; by adopting the present constitution they have thrown the exer cisc of this power into other hands ; thev must buvo done this with on expectation tbat those interests would not bc neglec ted here idem p 24 general washington's sentiments on the subject arc certainly entitled to great attention in his message to congress 1790 he stales : their safety and interest require that they should promote such munulaci the cheese imported in 1825 averaged about 16 cents 29,097 lbs cost 1663 till duly is nin cents equal to 54 por cent hut cheese in holland is only 6 7 8 or 9 cents per ib and therefore so far as rewards thai quality ihc duly is liom 100 io iso per cent i trubt no man of honor will deny that this is a protecting duty it ia in a great degree prohibitory the enormous duties on snuff and to baben from 70 to 90 per cent imposed in 1 7 8 j , were intended to be and actually were prohibitory the object was ta secure the tobacco planter the consump tion of lhc country and this was effectu ally accomplished the cxorbiiiinl duly three cents per ib equal lo 75 a 100 per cent on hi own sugar a necessary of lite used chiefly by thc poor is lor the protection of lha wealthy planters of louisiana who always vote cn masse against thc protection of manufactures by duties of 25 30 or 33 per cent thc duties on sugar operate most ruinously on lhc merchants engaged in the u'ci india trade in which ihat article forms a chief item of remittance and is always or at least almost always a losing concern the attempts lo re duce lhc duly to 2 i 2 cents per pound were rejected by the southern votes whicli are rarely divided a member of congress voting igainat a small reduction of he duty of 75 a 100 per cent in his own favor on a milky article subject to heavy freight and next hour voting against a dutv of 30 or 40 per cent in favor of his fellow-cltizcm on a high article such as cottons exhibit a moral ploeiiomcnoii not calculated to excite very plcisurable 3ciisation in si philosophical mind so much for the protecting duties in favour of agriculture mr hamilton's distress about the suf fering nl the poor from ibe proposed duly on curse woollens nilgbl bc easily alleviated and his mind restored to its nsual sute of serenity by reflecting on the often-quoted case of coarse cottons the very high duty on which was opposed on similar grounds the article is now one hundred per cent bet'er lhan hen importedâ€”and is sold at half the piicc making a difference of eeventyflve per cent in favor of lhe poor vim ercllc 0 much of mr hamilton's comm terallon thai is io say one yard ol domestic cot ions now sold lor twelve and u half cents will wear twice as long us a yard of india i iu i'm which was sold at twenty fivo cents j and but for the domestics would continue at tha price coarse cottons in 1816 excited an equal degree the commiseration of some ofthe members of ihe hen congress lest iho poor should in oppressed and injured by high duties on lhc article ! sec 2 and be it further enacted that for and in consideration of the sum aforesaid paid as aforesaid that all the right and claim of the uulted states to the said quantity of land noi exceeding four sections in tne county of mobile and state aforesaid bc and the same is hereby vested in thc mayor and alder men of thc said city of mobile for the time being and their successors in office lo be applied or disposed of by them for the sole usr and benefit ofthe said city forever provided that no part of any claim arising from acts of known as donations or pre emptions by the rcpor ted list of actual settlers or from grants rccogiiiz ii bv any treaty shall be cover ed or taken bs this grant but the same shall bc excepted from and held as not covered or interfered svith by this act see 3 and be it further enacted that patents sli.ill issue upon the presentation nf s..id certificate of the hcgister and receiver aforesaid for lhc said quantity of land not exceeding four section to the co potation of the cily of mobile in the suuic manner that patents now issue upon the final certificate i approved id march lh.y rciilic â€” no 53 an act to grant a certain quantity of land to the state of ohio for the purpose of making a road from columbus to sandusky bl it enacted by the senate and hours of rep retentatlvetof the united stale of america in i one.cn anembled that there be and are hereb : , appropriated to the suite nt ohio for the purpose of aiding the columbub and son dusky turnpike company in making u road from columbus to sandusky cily tie one half of a quantity of hind equal to two sections on the western side of said road ami ni con tiguous thereto to be bounded by sectional lines from one end of said road to the other whensoever the same mav remain unsold re serving to the united stale inch alternito sec tion thc whole length of said road ihrough the lands of the united state lo be selected by the commissioner of the general laud office nnd.-r the direction of ibe president i proviiled that no loll shall at any time be collected of anv mail stntre nor of any troops or property of die united slates approved 3d march 1827 was believed that the question ol the lures as tend to render ihem independent right of congress to impose duties for of others lor essential particularly miii the protection of manufaclu-cs was final tary supplies ly settled â€” and that irritation would to promote here can have no olher never again bc excited on ihe subject meaning than to firatccl no other mode the belief has proved nugatory mr of promotion was in the power of con lnini!ton,of south carolina in a speech grcn manifesting considerable warmth snd again strong feeling has again asserted the " the encouragement of manufactures unconstitutionality of the system i of too much importance noi to insure a Â» when ill violation of the constitution continuance of their efforts in every way of lhe united states you talked of en tint shall appear eligible message ol couraging domestic manufactures did thev 1796 the southern members not point to mr jefferson's views corresponded cv thal part ;/ the proceedings of the convct \ aclly will those of icncral washington tion that framed the constitution in which i in bis message of ib')'2 be distinctly re ihe power to promote and encourge the commends thc protection of manufac useful arts kc by bounties was express lures lo congress ly refused to you did ihey not leil to cultivate peace maintain com ou thai ihc rights of one pat t of the merce and navigation ; to foster our fish community were invaded by an inii/iiiious cries and protect manufai lures adapted taxation for the benefit of a nullij to our circumstances tec are thc lorul ., ,,-.'â€¢_ mr hamilton's speech jim 23 marks by whicli to guide ouisclvcs in all 1827 jour relations this is harsh language and even il and are these overwhelming tcsti correct is not ver decorous towards tint ' monies to be set aside bv the new-fangled legislature of thc naiion which enacted construction of mr hamilton mr tait ihe existing tariff which is now brnndld ' rial mr culbbert mr archer ste kc 'â– wiih ihe opprobrious and dlsgraceeil forbid it reason and common sense wc stigma of " an iniquitous in ration nail might if such a construction were ut a violation of thc constitution i'm tempted lobe forced upon us say wilh what shall we say of this very strong r mr tattnal when he so violently on probation when it is proved to be utterly posed thc attempt to retcure from uln unsound in principle i our manufactures on which ibe middle nothing ran be more illogical than to states so mainly depend style a " protecting duty Â» bounty it 'â€¢ shall we submit to such treatment is an utter perversion of terms the s t o sir wc cannot uc c ste operation of both it is true is very near but ibis is language we scorn to use ly similar hut to insist from this rc supposing with mr hamilton howev ult that they are the same is just as cr illogically thai protecting dunes arc correct as lo assert thai bed and bread Â» bounties have wc no precedent 10 are thc same substance because they plead for them has our government equally contiibutc to support lho human i refined upon " bounties as " thc ac frame \ cursed thing ihat 'â€¢ violates the consult on the subject of the constitutionality lion >." what will mr hamilton say of protecting manufactures it may suffice i when hc reads lhc following section oi a lo refer thc reader to the subsequent cs ! law passed july 39 1813 i say published a year since in which thc â€¢' on all pit wed b lh ol lhc fisheries ol sentiments of thc first congress are to be thc lulled states exported therefrom lound fully and completely expressed subsequent to the last day of december beyond the power i cavil at a lime 1814 there she be allowed and paid â– when the meaning of thc framers of lhc j bounty [ yes mr hamilton a bouuly constitution and the proper bearing ol ; of twenty cents per barrel an oct to provide for the completion of the road from u point opposite to memphis in the state of tennessee to little itock in the territory of arkansas and for olher pur poses le in â€” ... 56 ri-li ic-iso 54 ofthe united states bk tl enacled by tl.e senate and house if rep resentative of the i nited slates of line tea in ctmgreu anembled that i'or the gradual improvement ... the navy ofthe united stales the sum uf five hundred thousand dollars per annum t'.ir six years i hereby appropriated to be applied as in ibis acl prescribed an i si may hereafter be directed by law sic 2 and be it further enacted that the president of the united btates be and he is hereby authorised lo cause to he procured ship timber suhable for the construction of ves sels of the various elsises now recognized in the navy of thc united 8tateÂ«i and also the imbcr proper for the comtruction of iteam batteries ; mid lo lake the propel meaiurci for having the isld timber dul masoned and pre rved so ai to be lit for immediote use an act fnr the gradual improvement of the navy re it enacted liu the senate and home j representatives of the united slates of america in congress assembled that the sum ol nine ihousand sixty live dollars be and be same is hereby appropi i.itcd in aid of the unexpended balance ot thc former appropriation to lhe same object lor the completion of the road from i point opposite to memphis in t lie stale of tennessee to little kock in the ter ritory of arkansas to be paid is lhc name may bc required out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropri ated by lusv sec 1 and be it further tiwcietl that the president of the uniled stales be and he is herco authorized to take tin proper measures to preserve the live oak limber growing on the laud of the united stales and hc is also ailtll.fr lied lo rescrvo from mlc luch ian i belonging lo thc united stales a may be f.mnd to con lain live oak or other timber '" lulbolenl quantity to render the tjartic valuable for naval purposes sec 4 and bell further enacted that thc president of lhc ui.i ed st.ites he an i lie is hereby authorised lo cause ... he constructed lis . tlrv docks i he moat approved ] ian for hie use of the navy of lhe united slates the i cue nf said docks to b erected at some point in the south and the other to the north of the potomac niver sec 3 and be it further enacted that ihe president of the united slates be ar.,1 lie is hereby authorized to cause a military road to he opened liom fort smith on the arkansas river to fort towson on the lied river and from ihencc southwardly to the northern boundary line of the state of louisiana by washington in hempstead county following the high lands between lhc waters of ihfl washita and red rivers in the direction ol nachltoches louisiana sec 3 lie :' further enacted that lhc resident be and be is hereby author ized 10 employ such part ofthe troops of the united slates as hc may think prop er to survey and construct said road ; and for the purpose of carrying into oi led thc provisions of this act the sum ol twelve th'..iÂ»a..'j dollars be and thc-samc see s and hc il further enacted that the president of the i mted state be and he is hereby suthorlaed to cause the nuceosarj ex iminollona and inquiries lobe made to ascer tain the practicability ami . xpedlenci of > rec > sg s murine railway for the repair il loop i mr hamilton lias expressed an idea having a close affinity with ihe threat k id uul b,v lr tatttial in repaid ty thr tariff ol 1834 â€¢ to conclude