Volkswagen Owners Wonder Where A Fix Will Leave ThemMany customers who bought cars touted as "clean diesel" now ponder the possibility of having a substantial fix that could cut their vehicle's gas mileage or performance.

There are more than 250 million cars and trucks on U.S. roads. The Volkswagen recall involves about half a million of them. There have been much larger auto recalls, but this one is getting so much attention in part because of the brazen way in which Volkswagen disregarded the rules. NPR's Yuki Noguchi reports that VW customers are weighing what it'll take to make them feel whole again.

YUKI NOGUCHI, BYLINE: David Chien of Williston, Vt., was looking for a bigger fuel-efficient car that could power its way through Northeastern snow, so he purchased a 2013 Jetta Sportwagen.

DAVID CHIEN: This car seemed to check all the boxes.

NOGUCHI: Chien likes the car. It drives well, and the mileage is even better than he expected. But he wonders whether the scandal has affected its value. What would insurance pay, for example, in the event of an accident? And then there's the prospect of a fix, which he hopes won't affect all the things he likes about his car.

CHIEN: I'd be willing to consider, I think, a minimal impact on performance and fuel economy, you know, less than 10 percent. But if it's a significant impact, then I won't be happy with that, no.

NOGUCHI: In a video message to owners posted over the weekend, Volkswagen America president Michael Horn apologized.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

MICHAEL HORN: We are cooperating closely regulatory authorities to develop a remedy.

NOGUCHI: A remedy that will involve software and, depending on the vehicle, hardware as well. Auto experts say it's unclear how much all this will cost and how it will affect how the car runs. Arvind Thiruvengadam says much depends on the reason the carmaker implemented the cheat in the first place. He's an engineering professor at West Virginia University and part of the team that discovered Volkswagen's cheating mechanism. He says it may be possible to find a fix that cures the problems without affecting performance or gas mileage.

ARVIND THIRUVENGADAM: It's not unheard of to produce both low emissions and high fuel economy. Of course, there will be costs associated with it, and that could be one of the reasoning, too, for why it wasn't done in the first place.

NOGUCHI: Thiruvengadam says there are many different types of models, so in each instance, the question is the complexity of the engineering involved and then the cost. But others say they expect many consumers will remain unsatisfied. Steve Berman is one of the first lawyers to file a class-action lawsuit the day Volkswagen announced the problem.

STEVE BERMAN: It seems unlikely to me, based on what I know, that the fix will properly control emissions as advertised and not affect performance because if that was the case, they wouldn't have cheated to begin with.

NOGUCHI: Berman says he's gotten 8,000 inquiries from car owners in the last two weeks, far more than any other car recall case he's handled. He himself owns three Volkswagen diesel cars.

BERMAN: Well, that's why I jumped on the case so fast. I was completely flabbergasted. I mean, I really bought into this concept that clean diesel, you know, is the best gas mileage and the best air emission byproduct that you can do as a consumer.

NOGUCHI: Just over three months ago, David Whitcomb purchased his 2015 VW Passat TDI.

DAVID WHITCOMB: I wanted something that was clean because I consider myself to be an environmentalist.

NOGUCHI: Whitcomb, who lives in Waynesboro, Va., says he paid a premium for the diesel engine because he thought it meant fewer emissions. It seems unlikely, Whitcomb says, that a fix won't affect the car's value or performance.

WHITCOMB: There's got to be some kind of compensation to offset that because what - if what you're sold is not what you actually have because they broke the law and lied, then there's something wrong there.

NOGUCHI: Beyond that, he says, the wind's out of his sails.

WHITCOMB: I have owned four Volkswagens. I still currently own three. And so I was a promoter of Volkswagen. It's hard to - I can't speak like that anymore.

NOGUCHI: Much depends, he says, on how well Volkswagen engineers its fix. Yuki Noguchi, NPR News, Washington.

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