A retired foreign service officer, his more than 25 years with the State Department focused on U.S. relations with the former Soviet Union and Europe, arms control, and security issues. He served as deputy assistant secretary of state in the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs with responsibilities for Russia and Ukraine from 2001 to 2004, U.S. ambassador to Ukraine from 1998 to 2000, and special assistant to the president and senior director for Russia, Ukraine, and Eurasia on the National Security Council from 1996 to 1997. In addition, he served at the U.S. embassies in Warsaw, Moscow, and London, as well as with the U.S. delegation to the negotiation on intermediate-range nuclear forces in Geneva.

A retired foreign service officer, his more than 25 years with the State Department focused on U.S. relations with the former Soviet Union and Europe, arms control, and security issues. He served as deputy assistant secretary of state in the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs with responsibilities for Russia and Ukraine from 2001 to 2004, U.S. ambassador to Ukraine from 1998 to 2000, and special assistant to the president and senior director for Russia, Ukraine, and Eurasia on the National Security Council from 1996 to 1997. In addition, he served at the U.S. embassies in Warsaw, Moscow, and London, as well as with the U.S. delegation to the negotiation on intermediate-range nuclear forces in Geneva.

Visiting Scholar, Institute for International Studies, Stanford University (2000-2001)

Ambassador to Ukraine (1998-2000)

Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Russia, Ukraine and Eurasia, National Security Council (1996-1997)

Prior assignments as a Foreign Service officer (1978-1995) included postings to the U.S. embassies in London, Moscow and Warsaw as well as with the U.S. delegation to the negotiation on intermediate-range nuclear forces in Geneva.