Happy 80th, Gloria Steinem

By Kathleen McCartney

Updated 2:19 PM ET, Tue March 25, 2014

Photos: Feminist icon Gloria Steinem17 photos

Feminist icon Gloria Steinem – Writer and activist Gloria Steinem speaks in November during an Equality Now event in Los Angeles. Steinem helped usher in the women's liberation movement during the 1960s and 1970s, and she remains one of its most outspoken and visible symbols.

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Photos: Feminist icon Gloria Steinem17 photos

Feminist icon Gloria Steinem – A portrait of Steinem circa 1970. In 1971, she co-founded Ms. magazine, the first magazine to be created and operated entirely by women.

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Feminist icon Gloria Steinem – Steinem, left, helps hold up an image of the My Lai Massacre during a 1970 march down New York's Fifth Avenue.

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Feminist icon Gloria Steinem – Steinem is featured as "The New Woman" on the cover of Newsweek in 1971. She was increasingly seen as the spokeswoman of the women's movement, although the headline to the story inside -- " A Liberated Woman Despite Beauty, Chic and Success" -- showed there was still a long way to go.

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Photos: Feminist icon Gloria Steinem17 photos

Feminist icon Gloria Steinem – Steinem speaks at the 1972 Democratic National Convention in Miami, where she nominated Frances "Sissy" Farenthold for vice president. Steinem co-founded the National Women's Political Caucus, which works to increase the number of women in the political field.

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Feminist icon Gloria Steinem – Steinem, left, and Jill Ruckelshaus listen to a question during their appearance on NBC's "Meet the Press" in Washington in 1972.

Feminist icon Gloria Steinem – Steinem walks with writer Maya Angelou on their way to the March on Washington on August 27, 1983. The event commemorated the 20th anniversary of Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech.

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Feminist icon Gloria Steinem – Steinem, right, poses with actress Kirstie Alley at the Ms. magazine offices in 1984. Alley played Steinem in "A Bunny's Tale," a 1985 TV movie based on Steinem's experience going undercover to work as a Playboy bunny in 1963. After her undercover work, Steinem wrote an expose about the poor pay and working conditions.

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Feminist icon Gloria Steinem – A police officer arrests Steinem in 1984 during an anti-apartheid protest outside the South African Embassy in Washington.

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Feminist icon Gloria Steinem – Steinem applauds first lady Hillary Clinton at Clinton's address to the New York Women's Agenda in 1995.

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Feminist icon Gloria Steinem – Steinem poses with Gloria Feldt, former president of Planned Parenthood, at a reception in 1999. The event celebrated the relaunch of Ms. magazine by Liberty Media for Women.

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Feminist icon Gloria Steinem – Steinem holds up a copy of her book "Enslaved" as she speaks during a 2007 protest on the steps of the state Supreme Court in Albany, New York.

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Feminist icon Gloria Steinem – Librarian of Congress James Billington awards Steinem a Living Legend medal during the Library of Congress' 200th birthday party in 2011.

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Feminist icon Gloria Steinem – Steinem is presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama at the White House in November. It is the nation's highest civilian honor.

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Story highlights

Kathleen McCartney: Gloria Steinem changed rules on what it mean to be a woman

McCartney: Steinem's work still resonant, necessary; we don't live in post-gendered world

When I think of Gloria Steinem approaching 80, I think about the women of my generation, growing up at the end of the Baby Boom. We internalized a lot of stereotypes of what it meant to be a woman in those days. Until Gloria changed the rules.

My earliest memories of gender inequity involve "I Love Lucy." I was 7 years old when I asked my mother, "Why does Ricky act like Lucy's boss?" My mother laughed and said it was "just a joke." I didn't get it.

The unspoken rules were evident in grade school, when teachers signaled their high expectations for boys but not girls. And when I looked at the larger world, I found that men were the leaders of countries, companies, churches, schools -- although the teachers were mostly women.

I felt different, really different, but mostly I kept quiet about it until I was 17. In the summer of 1972 I bought the first issue of Ms. magazine, a vivid image of Wonder Woman bursting from its cover. Steinem, a founding editor, examined the myth that "Women Voters Can't Be Trusted." Letty Cottin Pogrebin wrote about the insidious ways that women compete with other women. A piece titled "Populist Mechanics" helped women demystify the workings of their car, complete with a detailed diagram of an auto engine. An etiquette column headlined "Manners for Humans" counseled, "Anyone can hold doors for anyone else. It is only decent to see that it doesn't slam behind you."

Kathleen McCartney

I used my babysitting money to subscribe. I was hooked.

Gloria's words rang in my head when I challenged the status quo for girls in high school. A faculty advisor for the National Honor Society announced that the boys could run for president and treasurer and the girls for vice-president and secretary. Like Gloria, I came from a working-class family where you didn't question authority. My heart pounded as I argued for gender equality. I found my voice through Gloria's.

By the time I was in college, I was taking courses on sex roles and dressing like Gloria for Halloween: I streaked my straight blonde hair and topped off my outfit with aviator glasses.

After college, life got more real. And so did the pressures to conform. "Gender roles are policed," Gloria taught us. I went on to study psychology and learned the academic term for this policing: "coercion to the bio-social mean." Stray from the behavioral norms of your social group, and people -- men and women alike -- will conspire to push you back to the middle.

In the workplace, such policing is clear when it involves discrimination. Other times it is subtle, but it can be just as effective. Be good, but not too good; be strong, but not too strong; be competent, but not too competent. Cross those subtle lines and you'll be branded with the "B" word: "bossy." A recent article in the European Business Review put it this way: "Women must live up to collective expectations of what makes a leader, while at the same time remaining true to gender expectations."

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A year ago I led an executive education workshop for school principals aspiring to become superintendents. I asked how many of them had been accused of being bossy. Nearly every woman raised her hand. I talked about society's gendered perceptions of leadership. Some participants welled with tears as they began to understand that sexism often masquerades as a hurtful personality attack.

In a 1995 speech to graduating seniors at her alma mater, Smith College, Steinem analyzed this phenomenon with her typical anthropological incisiveness: "Some of us women have been successfully socialized to feel that women can't be leaders, and vice versa."

When we have children, people double down on the pressure for women to conform. Often this comes in the form of never-ending questions about balancing work and family. Wouldn't you rather be at home with your baby? Don't you worry about the effects of child care? Why are you working so hard?

Once again, Gloria had the answer. In 1984, she observed, "I have yet to hear a man ask for advice on how to combine marriage and a career."

Women pressure other women about work and family, a phenomenon that has continued well past the "mommy wars" of the 1980s. I am still troubled by Anne-Marie Slaughter's 2012 Atlantic Monthly essay, "Why Women Still Can't Have It All." In the most widely cited Atlantic piece of all time, Slaughter wrote about the challenges of balancing a demanding career and raising children. If Gloria had been her editor, we might have seen a different headline: "Why Parents Still Can't Have It All ... and How to Raise Everyone's Consciousness About It."

One of my favorite expressions of Gloria's is, "The truth will set you free, but first it will piss you off." The truth is that we need to continue the work of identifying how gender biases operate in our everyday lives. We are not living in a post-gendered world or a post-feminist world. Leaders of countries, companies, churches and schools are still mostly men.

"A feminist is anyone who recognizes the equality and full humanity of women and men," Gloria taught us. The work of feminism goes on because Gloria's voice continues to resonate across the world. The woman whose words changed the trajectory of my life at 17 continues to speak to me and millions more. "Whatever the question," Gloria said recently, "women are part of the answer."