There has been a platform update in the time between those two tests.
I see that one runs Microsoft (R) Test Execution Command Line Tool Version 15.9.0, while the other runs Microsoft (R) Test Execution Command Line Tool Version 16.0.1.
Can you switch to Previous Visual Studio 2017 and try a build of that branch?

Thanks for the info. I can confirm the using Previous Visual Studio 2017 solves the issue.
Also, 16.0.1 is visual studio 2019 and not 2017 so I'm not sure why you chose to update an existing image instead of creating a new one - mainly because the name is incorrect if not for any other reason...
Feel free to fork my repository and test what you need in order to fix this.