Decoo, William. "Issues in Writing European History and in Building the Church in Europe " in Journal of Mormon History (Spring 1997); pg. 164.

"...the approximately 10 percent [of Christians] that still go 'very regularly' represent 38 million people in Western Europe. Islam counts almost 10 million faithful in European countries. About 100 million West Europeans are 'occassional' church-goers. "

Noel, Donald L. Book review of The Arab Moslems in the United States: Religion and Assimilation by Abdo A. Elkholy, New Haven, Connecticut: College & University Press (1966) in Social Forces (1967, vol. 46, no. 1); pg. 137.

"Arab-Moslem Americans... After presenting necessary background information on this small minority (approximately 68,000 in the U.S.)... "

"Today about one million Arabs live in the United States. Perhaps 10% of them are Moslems. Most of these Arabs are third- and fourth-generation descendants of Middler Eastern people who arrived here between 1875 and 1948. "

"C. Eric Lincoln... estimates that as many as 1 million of America's Muslims are black. "

Islam - black

USA

1,000,000

-

-

-

1996

Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996); pg. 437.

"Since then, the number of African American Muslims in America has risen to over a million, roughly one-fourth of all American Muslims? "

Islam - black

USA

1,250,000

-

-

-

1996

Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996); pg. 438.

"Meanwhile, the hundreds of black mosques with no more connection to the Nation of Islam have become a strong presence in inner-city communities, their members openly opposing drug dealers, abstaining from alcohol, tobacco, and gambling, and promoting 'conservative' attitudes towards dress, family life, sexual conduct, and religious worship. No longer strictly African American, these congregations are accepting members of all ethnic communities. Like most American Muslims, their mosques tend to be politically liberal but socially conservative. The best estimates of Islam population in the United States range between 3 and 5 million, of whom approximately 25% are African Americans (the term Black Muslim no longer applies). "

"The Soviets seem to be more wary of the Muslim religion, knowing that it can be explosively nationalistic. Some 25,000 mosques have been shuttered or levelled in Central Asia, and the number of clerics there has dwindled from 35,000 to 1,000. "

"...perhaps 70 percent of all Muslims in the world are influenced by a system we could properly term folk Islam. This book will focus on this major bloc of Muslims that the orthodox community considers aberrant. "; [pg. 32] "India, Pakistan, & Bangladesh together have a population of a quarter of a billion Muslims. This is about about one-third of the world's Islamic population. "

"Apart from the followers of [Nation of Islam leader Elijah] Muhammad, there are scarcely 33,000 Moslems in the whole of North America--compared with 345,000 in South America, 12.5 million in Europe, and more than 400 million in Africa and Asia. "

Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996); pg. 437.

"In 1985 [Warith Deen Mohammed] formally dissolved the [Black Muslim/Nation of Islam] movement, and its members became integrated with mainstream Islam, a continuing process referred to by African American Muslims as 'the change' or 'the second experience.' Warith Deen Mohammed has upwards of 250,000 followers, to whom he communicates with a scholarly and inspiring weekly television program about Muslim life. He is considered by many as the most prominent and respected indigenous Muslim leaders in the West. "

"Romeo Panciroli, the apostolic nuncio in Iran, called it a 'meeting between the maximum authorities of the two great religions.' He noted that Mr. Khatami is president of the 55-nation Islamic Conference, which says it represents 1 billion Muslims. The Roman Catholic Church it has roughly the same number of followers. "

"Laced across this grass-roots, decentralized network are more formal organizations--the Islamic Group, the Islamic Jihad, the Hezbollah, Hamas... and dozens more--each group connected by secret memberships, international bank transfers, telephone, and global couriers. In the fundamentalist movement, no one person or group of people has control. "

Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996); pg. 461.

"Amal ('Hope') is a Shiite group formed in Lebanon?Their militia?figured prominently in the fighting in Lebanon during the 1980s... but they appear to have no special religious beliefs of note. The same can be said for the so-called Islamic Group, which has been tied to terrorist plots in the U.S. These cells (which qualify as neither cults nor sects) garner a disproportionate share of media attention, but their religious significance is virtually nil. "

"Laced across this grass-roots, decentralized network are more formal organizations--the Islamic Group, the Islamic Jihad, the Hezbollah, Hamas... and dozens more--each group connected by secret memberships, international bank transfers, telephone, and global couriers. In the fundamentalist movement, no one person or group of people has control. "

"Laced across this grass-roots, decentralized network are more formal organizations--the Islamic Group, the Islamic Jihad, the Hezbollah, Hamas... and dozens more--each group connected by secret memberships, international bank transfers, telephone, and global couriers. In the fundamentalist movement, no one person or group of people has control. "

"Ismailis... the Fatimid rulers of Egypt from the 10th century were Ismailis and so were the Assassins... of Persia and Syria in the 12th and 13th centuries: the present imam of the Ismailis is the Aga Khan. "

"Ismailis. Sect of Islam, named for Ismail (d. 760), eldest son of the sixth imam or spiritual leader of the Shia Moslems, excluded from the succession by his father: in the 9th century Ismaili preachers proclaimed the imminent return to earth of Ismail's son as the Mahdi, or Messiah: the Fatimid rulers of Egypt from the 10th century were Ismailis... "

"...the Fatimid Caliphate which conquered Egypt and rujled there till overthrown by Saladin in 1171. During its ascendancy Egypt was a centre of culture, and many Fatimid buildings and works of art remain. "

"Members of a few other Islamic sects live in Iran... Ismailism... lingers on in Iran and other Islamic countries... "

Ismaili

Middle East

-

-

-

-

1992

Ovendale, Ritchie. The Longman Companion to The Middle East since 1914. London & New York: Longman (1992); pg. 218-219.

"Ismailis (Fatimid Ismailis): A group of Shiites which does not recognize Musa al-Kazim (d. 799) as the seventh Imam, but consider Ismail, the other son of al-Kazim's father, Jafar al-Sadiq (d. 765) as the last Imam visible on earth. Fatimid Ismailis, for this reason, are sometimes also called the Seveners. Ismailis are divided as to whether they acknowledge Ismail as a seventh Imam, or one of his sons. When the Ismailis spread into North Africa in the 10th to 12th centuries the Fatimids of Egypt recognized a son of Ismail's son, Muhammad. The fourth Fatimid caliph founded Cairo in 969. "

Ismaili

Pakistan

-

-

-

-

1974

Lang, Robert. The Land and People of Pakistan (Portraits of the Nations series). Philadelphia & New York: J. B. Lippincott Co. (revised edition 1974); pg. 129.

"An unusual offshoot of the Shi'as is the Ismaili sect, under the leadership of the Agha Khan, the fabulously wealthy young Muslim who graduated from Harvard... and now lives in Paris. There are now Ismailis in Pakistan, particularly on the northwest frontier; the Hunzas in Gilgit are members of this sect. "

"The Ismailites are a smaller branch of Shiites, but came into prominence earlier than the Imamites. They believe in seven imams. A dynasty was established in Tunisia in 910 headed by Ubaydallah, called the Mahdi, a reputed descendant of Mohammed's daughter Fatima. This was the Fatimid Caliphate which conquered Egypt and rujled there till overthrown by Saladin in 1171. "

Ismaili

world

-

-

-

-

765 C.E.

Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996); pg. 433.

"In 765, the Shiites split into two sects, the Seveners and the Twelvers (Ithna Asharis or Imami). "

Ismaili

world

-

-

-

-

1981

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 635.

"Sab'iyya (Arab; lit. 'sevener'). A name applied to the Isma'iliyya (especially the Qarmatians), who restricted the Imams to seven... The term sab'iyya was in all probability first used to signify the Ismaili doctrine that history is divided into seven eras... "; Pg. 636: "Dissemination of the Sab'iyya doctrines in different parts of the Muslim world resulted in the appearance of the revolutionary governments of the Qarmatians, Fatimids, Assassins, and other Ismaili groups. The Druzes can also be traced back to the early Sab'iyya... [later] the present day Nizari and... Must'ali Ismailis. "

"At present there are 2 Isma'ili [Seveners] groups. The Nizari Isma'ilis recognize the legitimacy of Nizar, whose line of Imams has continued from 1095 to today... Nizaris live mainly in Pakistan, India, West Africa, Syria, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan... " Other Isma'ili branches are Musta'lians and Druze.

Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996); pg. 434.

"The Seveners, also called Ismailis, recognize only 6 of 12 Imams of the Shiites, the 7th being Ismail ibn Jafar (d. 760)?The Ismailis are still an influential force, especially in India, led by Imam Prince Karim?The Persian poet Omar Khayyam is thought to have been an Ismaili. "

"There are 2 pentecostal sects among Italians in the U.S., both growing out of [1904] movement... The Italian Pentecostal Assemblies of God, with headquarters in Newark, NJ, has 16 churches and 1,500 members. "

"Of late, reformist religious groups such as Izala, an anti-Sufi movement, have made numerous converts among the youth by preaching against an Islam which they see as tainted by local traditions. Izala members advocate frugality, and Islamic education for all, challenge the authority of elders, and condemn the use of amulets. "

"Table: Some surviving new religious orgs. in Japan "; "Membership figures, voluntarily reported..., as found in the 1979 ed. of the Shukyo Nenkan (Religions Yearbook). " Classified as Shinto new religion (year of origin: 1873).

"[after the] Council of Chalcedon in 451 AD... Another branch, the Jacobite, took the Monophysite position, as did the Armenians and the Copts in Egypt. "

Jacobite

world

100,000

-

-

-

1981

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 368.

"Jacobite Church (Christian). Monophysite church of Syria, named 'Jacobite' by the opponents of Jacob Baradeus (500-578), who traveled widely in support of the Monophysites and was recognized as the spiritual leader of the church in Syria... Today the head of the church is the Patriarch 'of the Apostolic See of Antioch,' but his seat is in Iraq... They are in agreement with the Coptic Christians in faith and sacraments, but make little use of icons. In the last century schools have been attached to the few remaining monasteries... There are about 100,000 Jacobites today. "

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