Having trouble understanding the Hebrew and special
terms used on the Ebionite Community pages? Even if you are just curious, here is
the glossary you need. You also need the Evyoni fonts to correctly
view this page.

*Terms may feature the transliteration systems used in their sources
and can vary. Mistakes are my own as definitions have been supplemented and some
transliterations have been altered from the original. Other additions appear in square
brackets [thus]

H

h

ag sameah
a happy holiday (used as a greeting)

hayav
one who is obligated.

hazzan
cantor.

hahamim
Chachamim. Sages.

herem
excommunication (from cessation of aid, boycott); in ancient times, "put under the
ban"; devoted through total destruction to Yahweh.

hesed
loving-devotion, kindness.

heshbon hannefesh
(lit. accounting of the soul) self-examination of your actions' merit, or accounting of
your soul's good and bad aspects.

hevra
Friends, comrades, associates joined in purpose.

Hevra Qadisha
(lit. holy society) the group that prepares a body for burial.

hillul ha-shem
misuse, desecration of the divine name.

hiyuv
obligation.

hittif
"pouring out"/"spouting"; as in CD, viii.13's "of Lying".
For CD, 1.14f. "the Man of Scoffing" (or "the Comedian") "poured
out on Israel the waters of Lying leading them astray in a trackless void without a
Way", which combines "Lying", "Jesting", "Spouting",
and 'leading astray" imageries with inverted allusion to "wilderness" and
"Way" terminologies; see "Mattif"/"Mattif ha-Chatzav".

hoq (pl., huqim)
law from the Torah seemingly without a humanly discernible rationale, e.g., the red
heifer.

hok, "statute" or "Law"; at the heart of 1QS, viii4x's
exposition of Is 40:3's "Way in the wilderness", "the Way" being
"the study of the Law". The phrase, "zealous for the Law",
specifically occurs in ix.23 accompanied by reference to "the Day of Vengeance";
cf. "qin'at Mishpetei-Zedek" in iv.4. Note CD, i.20's "yafeiru
hok" to describe the "pursuit after" the Zaddik---the synonym of
1QpHab, ii.6's Mefirei ha-Brit echoed too in 1QpHab, viii.17.

hamato
"his wrath"; in 1QpHab, xi.5f., the "angry wrath" with which "the
Wicked Priest pursued the Righteous Teacher". Though thought in xi.14f. to relate to
his "drunkenness", the allusion, which plays on and inverts xi.6's imagery of
"anger" and "consuming", is to that Divine "Cup of Wrath"
which would be "poured out" upon the Wicked Priest. Cf. Rev 14:9f. in precisely
this vein: "He shall drink the Wine of God's Wrath poured unmixed into the Cup of His
Anger, and he shall be tormented in Fire and brimstone ..." For the latter image see
1QpHab, x.5 (also relating to the Wicked Priest): "He will judge him with Fire and
brimstone."

hamex
leavened food, which is forbidden during Pesah.

humash
the five books of the Torah, bound in one volume (not a scroll; usually contains
commentary and Haftarot.

Tamim/Tamimim
"the Perfect"; also sometimes, "Perfection"-a fundamental notion at
Qumran based on references to Noah in Ge 6:9 as "Righteous and Perfect in his
Generation"; the relationship to the parallel New Testament notation (cf. Mt
5:48, 19:21, Ja 1:4,, 17, 25, 2:22, etc.) is intrinsic.

To'evot
"Abominations"-Darkei-To'evot "Ways of Abominations" in 1QpHab,
viii.12f. Here and in xii.8, those of the Wicked Priest, particularly his "pollution
of the Temple"/ "Temple treasure" through violent tax-collecting and
"robbing the Poor". Part and parcel of the language of "polluting the
Temple"/'breaking the Covenant" in Ezek 44:6ff.; in the Temple Scroll, related
to forbidden foods (xlviii.6), marriage with nieces (lxvi.1 If.; also referred to as "niddah"),
and Gentiles (lx.17ff. and lxii.16).

Tom
"Perfect"/"Perfection"; Tom-Derek/ Tamimei-Derek, "Perfection
of the Way"/"the Perfect of the Way"; also linked to expressions based on
Is 40:3 like "Yisharei-Derek", "the Straight" or "Upright
of the Way".

tame'
ritually unclean.

tum'ah/ teme'(ha-Miqdash, /yitame' et Miqdash-El "pollution"/"pollution of the
Temple of G-d", generally tied to a demand for "separation" (cf. 11QT,
xlvi.9ff. and CD, iv.17ff.); with "To'evot" part and parcel of the
charges relating to the admission of foreigners into the Temple in Ezek 44:7, as well as
in consonant "Zadokite"/"Zealot" ideologies. As used in 1QpHab, xii.
8f., directed against the Wicked Priest who did not "circumcize the foreskin of his
heart" Ezek 44:9), and in viii.13, 1QS, v.19f., and CD, xii.1f. linked to "niddah".

Xaddiq/Xaddiqim
"the Righteous"/"the Righteous One(s)"; the terminology is highly
developed in Jewish Kabbalah and Jewish Resurrection theory Via the Is 53:11 "yazdik-Zaddik"
conceptuality, the basis of "Justification" theorizing, Qumran's esoteric
exegesis of Ezek 44:15, and the "purist Sadducee" Movement.

Zedek
"Righteousness"; with Hesed, the fundamental notation at Qumran. Taken
together these two represent the basic ideological orientation of all
"Opposition" groups in the Second Temple Period; the second of the two "all
Righteousness" Commandments, i.e., "loving one's neighbor as oneself" or
"Righteousness towards one's fellow man", which moves easily into a consonant
demand for economic equality and an insistence on poverty.

tzedakah; xedaqaj
righteousness; used for charitable donations, though the root has a very different sense
from the root of "charity."

Zedakah
, Also translated as "Righteousness", but having the form of a verbal noun
implying something of the sense of "Justification", i.e., in place of sacrifice,
one "was justified" by charity.

V

Vayikrah
Wayyiqra'; (lit. "and He called") 3rd book of the Torah (Leviticus).

Y

YHWH; Yahweh
Ha-shem (the Name); the sacred name of the King of the Universe, Creator and Sustainer of
all things. The short form of the Name is Yah.

yazdik-Zaddik
(yazdiku-Zaddikim) the "Justification" ideology at Qumran based on the
terminology of Is 53:11 (and to a lesser extent, Is 5:23); cf. also its use in Dan 12:3
above and see "Zaddik" and "Zedakah" below.

yazzilem/ yazzilum
"save them"/"be saved"; the language of "Salvation",
associated with the language of the "House of Judgement"/ "Day of
Judgement". The first in 1QpHab, viii.1f's exegesis of Hab 2:4 refers to the
"Salvation of the Righteous"; the second in xii.14ff., the condemnation of
"the Servants of Idols (Gentile Idolators) and Evil Ones" (here backsliding
Jews; cf. 2 Pe 2:9 and 3:7).

yehalluhu
"pollute it". This plural usage is attached to the singular allusion to "bala'"/
"Bela'" in 11QT, xlvi.11 and forms the background to "the Zadokite
Statement" in Ezek 44:6ff., where the ban on "bringing strangers uncircumcized
in heart and flesh into My Temple to pollute it" is enunciated.

Yeter ha-'Amim
"the Remnant" or "Additional Ones of the Gentiles"; in 1QpHab, ix.7
specifically identified with "the Army of the Kittim", i.e., the Romans;
see 'Amim.

yikboz
"gathering"; in 1QpHab, viii.11 and ix.5 having to do with the Darkei To'evot
or "gathering" activities of the Wicked Priest/Last Priests via the
instrument of Unruly Gentiles; in this context "gathering" wealth- see also losif.

Yom ha-Mishpat "Day of Judgement",
linking up with the usages "Mishpat"/ "Beit ha-Mishpat' and "yazzilem"/"yazzilum"
and used eschatologically in 1QpHab, xii.14 and xiii.2f., i.e.,"on the
Day of Judgement God would destroy all the Idolators and Evil Ones from the Earth".

yasher koah
(lit. meaning unclear, but possibly "straight strength") used idiomatically to
express praise or thanks for serving in a religious or ceremonial role. Implies "May
your stength continue, go on straight"; i.e., "You done good! Do it many times
more!"

Z

zamam/ zammu
"conspired"; in 1QpHab, xii.6 relating to the Wicked Priest's judicial conspiracy
"to destroy the Righteous Teacher"/"Poor"/"Simple of Judah doing Torah".
In 1QH, iv.7ff. The usage applies to both "the Sons of Belial"
(Herodians) and their "nets", not to mention all "Scoffers of
Deceit"/"Scoffers of Lying" (Malitzei-Chatzav) who lead the people
astray "with Smooth Things", "give vinegar to the thirsty", and whose
"works are boasting".

zanut
"fornication", one of "the Three Nets of Belial"; in CD, iv.1 7ff.
marrying nieces and divorce; in viii.5 tied to Riches and incest. Part and parcel of
James' directives to overseas communities (cf. too Ja 1:14f., 4:1ff., and Rev 2:14), the
imagery of which pervades Qumran; e.g., 1QS, iv.10's "zeal for lustfillness, "ma'asei-To`evot"
in a spirit of zanut, and darkei-niddah in the service of
pollution" and par contra 1QpHab, v.4ff's Elect of God "not lusting after
their eyes" (cf. 2 Pe 2:13f.).

zt"l
(acronym, zikron tzaddiq livraka; lit. the memory of a tzaddiq is a blessing) honorific
appended to the names of dead rabbis and righteous people.

z"l
(acronym, zikrono (fem. zikronah) livrakah; lit. may his/her memory be a blessing)
appended to the names of those who have died.