pcoef longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient in C/m2area area of the electrode or piezo plate
in µm2thc thickness of the
piezoelectric element in µm volt applied voltage in Voltymod Young's modulus of the material in GPasel number denoting the
selected result.
Use 1 for actuator displacement, 2 for actuation force and 3 for electric field strength

Notes

Some materials generate an electric field when subjected to mechanical
deformation or changes dimension when voltage is applied. This effect is called piezoelectric effect.
Piezo actuators utilize the deformation of the piezoelectric material when an
electric field is applied. The minute control in the actuator displacement and
large mechanical load capacity possible in the case of piezoelectric actuators make them suitable
in a variety of applications. Piezoelectric actuation does not consume dc
power and also can provide both positive and negative force unlike capacitive
actuation. On the flip side, piezoelectrically induced strains and displacement
are small and requires large voltage to obtain a sufficient stroke.

When the applied electric field is parallel to the actuator displacement, the
actuator is described to be in longitudinal or linear configuration. The longitudinal
piezoelectric coefficient couples the parallel stress and electric field.
Similar actuators are used in piezoelectric flow control valves, inkjet
printer heads, piezoelectric relays and switches etc.

Stacking actuators by gluing several individual actuators together will
generate N times the displacement than that is possible with a single actuator
where N is the number of actuators in the stack. This allows to harness
the full potential of piezoelectric effect at low voltages.

The actuator displacement and the generated force are proportional to the
applied voltage for any given configuration. The values calculated are for a
single stack actuator. The actuator displacement is independent of the
piezoelement dimensions.

The plot shows the actuator force for a single stack actuator for applied
voltage ranging from -500V to +500V.

Assumptions

-The strain in the transducer is assumed to be uniform. -The strains and
electric fields in non-longitudinal directions are assumed to be zero.-The
piezoelectric element is free to deform.