This chapter explores the key statistical issues that emerge in the design and analysis of HIV prevention studies. It focuses on the strengths and limitations of various study designs including ...
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This chapter explores the key statistical issues that emerge in the design and analysis of HIV prevention studies. It focuses on the strengths and limitations of various study designs including randomized trials, natural experiments, and observational studies. The trends of HIV/AID surveillance data and uses of associated epidemic modeling are also discussed. The chapter concludes by emphasizing careful consideration of the unit of analysis for evaluating HIV prevention programs.Less

Statistical Issues in HIV Prevention

Ron Brookmeyer

Published in print: 2001-12-11

This chapter explores the key statistical issues that emerge in the design and analysis of HIV prevention studies. It focuses on the strengths and limitations of various study designs including randomized trials, natural experiments, and observational studies. The trends of HIV/AID surveillance data and uses of associated epidemic modeling are also discussed. The chapter concludes by emphasizing careful consideration of the unit of analysis for evaluating HIV prevention programs.

How successful are HIV prevention programs? Which HIV prevention programs are most cost effective? Which programs are worth expanding and which should be abandoned altogether? This book addresses the ...
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How successful are HIV prevention programs? Which HIV prevention programs are most cost effective? Which programs are worth expanding and which should be abandoned altogether? This book addresses the quantitative evaluation of HIV prevention programs, assessing several different quantitative methods of evaluation. The book includes chapters by behavioral scientists, biologists, economists, epidemiologists, health service researchers, operations researchers, policy makers, and statisticians. The chapters present a wide variety of perspectives on the subject, including an overview of HIV prevention programs in developing countries, economic analyses that address questions of cost effectiveness and resource allocation, case studies such as Israel's ban on Ethiopian blood donors, and descriptions of new methodologies and problems.Less

Quantitative Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs

Published in print: 2001-12-11

How successful are HIV prevention programs? Which HIV prevention programs are most cost effective? Which programs are worth expanding and which should be abandoned altogether? This book addresses the quantitative evaluation of HIV prevention programs, assessing several different quantitative methods of evaluation. The book includes chapters by behavioral scientists, biologists, economists, epidemiologists, health service researchers, operations researchers, policy makers, and statisticians. The chapters present a wide variety of perspectives on the subject, including an overview of HIV prevention programs in developing countries, economic analyses that address questions of cost effectiveness and resource allocation, case studies such as Israel's ban on Ethiopian blood donors, and descriptions of new methodologies and problems.

This concluding chapter evaluates the epidemiologic evidence for time-varying HIV infectivity for HIV prevention programs. It begins by defining infectivity and outlining key concepts from simple ...
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This concluding chapter evaluates the epidemiologic evidence for time-varying HIV infectivity for HIV prevention programs. It begins by defining infectivity and outlining key concepts from simple models for transmission probabilities. Next, it reviews the application of transmission models to epidemiologic studies of transmission and introduces a framework for assessing the evidence for variation in infectivity. Finally, the chapter analyzes the results from several studies of heterosexual transmission and discusses the results and implications.Less

Issues in Quantitative Evaluation of Epidemiologic Evidence for Temporal Variability of HIV Infectivity

Stephen C. ShiboskiNancy S. Padian

Published in print: 2001-12-11

This concluding chapter evaluates the epidemiologic evidence for time-varying HIV infectivity for HIV prevention programs. It begins by defining infectivity and outlining key concepts from simple models for transmission probabilities. Next, it reviews the application of transmission models to epidemiologic studies of transmission and introduces a framework for assessing the evidence for variation in infectivity. Finally, the chapter analyzes the results from several studies of heterosexual transmission and discusses the results and implications.