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Description

PSYA02H3 2014 EXAM PACKAGE – ALL CHAPTERS
­ 1904 French government created the Commission on the Education of Retarded
Children
­ Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon developed a measurement to assess children’s
academic achievement and found most were ill prepared
o Their work resulted in an achievement test – measuring how well a child
performed in various cognitive tasks relative to other children their age
o Binet preferred to say that this test assessed an individual’s mental age
Mental age is the average or typical test score for a specific chronological age.
o Using this system, if a 7 year old child had the mental age of 7, they’d be
considered average
­ the practicality of Binet and Simon’s tests were apparent and other researchers
began to adapt it for their own use
­ Lewis Terman at Stanford University extended the test beyond school ages to
include very high­achieving adults ▯Stanford­Binet Intelligence Scale
Stanford­Binet test is a test intended to measure innate (genetic) intelligence.
­ Binet clearly viewed original tests as a measure of achievement rather than innate
capacities
­ Soon after, William Stern developed another measurement called the intelligence
quotient (IQ)
Intelligence quotient is a measurement in which the mental age of an individual is
divided by the person’ chronological age and then multiplied by 100.
o I.e. 10 year old child with a mental age of 7 would have an IQ of 7/10 x
100 = 70
­ the IQ score replaced the idea of a mental age – something the reflects progress in
school – w/ a number to measure a person’s ability
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is the most commonly used intelligence test used on
adolescents and adults.
­ The Wechsler­Bellvue test (which was the WAIS’ predecessor) was first
developed by David Wechsler in 1939, and the WAIS is currently in its 4 edition
­ The WAIS provides a single IQ core for each test taker – the Full Scale IQ – but
also breaks intelligence into two categories: General Ability Index (GAI) and
Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI)
o The GAI is computed from scores on the Verbal Comprehension and
Perceptual Reasoning indices
o These measures tap into individual’s intellectual abilities w/o placing an
emphasis on how fast a person can solve a problem and react to it
• The CPI is based on the Working Memory and Processing Speed subtests
• It’s included in the Full Scale IQ category b/c greater working memory
capacity and processing speed allow more cognitive resources to be used
for reasoning and solving problems
Raven’s Progressive Matrices