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major reference

...discovery in 1831 of the phenomenon of magnetic induction is one of the great milestones in the quest toward understanding and exploiting nature. Stated simply, Faraday found that (1) a changing magnetic field in a circuit induces an electromotive force in the circuit; and (2) the magnitude of the electromotive force equals the rate at which the flux of the magnetic field through the circuit...

electric motors

Suppose a direct-current supply is connected to the armature terminals such that a current enters at the positive terminal. This current interacts with the
magnetic flux to produce a counterclockwise torque, which in turn accelerates the rotor. When the rotor has turned about 120°, the connection from the supply to the armature coil is reversed by the commutator. The new direction of the...

electromagnet design

...material surrounded by a coil through which an electric current is passed to magnetize the core. An electromagnet is used wherever controllable magnets are required, as in contrivances in which the
magnetic flux is to be varied, reversed, or switched on and off.

fusion reactors

...that is forced to flow within the conducting plasma. Faraday’s law of induction can be used to initiate and build up the current. A solenoid located in the hole of the torus can be used to generate
magnetic flux that increases over time. The time-varying flux induces a toroidal electric field that drives the plasma current. This technique efficiently drives a pulsed plasma current. However, it...

Jupiter

The most promising explanation of the effect of the orbital motion of Io on noise storms relates the emission to a small region of space linked to Io by magnetic field lines (a flux tube) that move with Io. Electrons moving in spirals around the magnetic field lines could produce the observed radiation. Interactions between these electrons and the Jovian ionosphere are expected and indeed were...

magnetic circuits

closed path to which a magnetic field, represented as lines of
magnetic flux, is confined. In contrast to an electric circuit through which electric charge flows, nothing actually flows in a magnetic circuit.

magnetic field representation

Magnetic fields may be represented by continuous lines of force or
magnetic flux that emerge from north-seeking magnetic poles and enter south-seeking magnetic poles. The density of the lines indicates the magnitude of the magnetic field. At the poles of a magnet, for example, where the magnetic field is strong, the field lines are crowded together, or more dense. Farther away, where the...

...If the sphere is taken to be the Earth with the north geographic pole at the top, the magnet must be oriented with its north magnetic pole downward toward the south geographic pole. Then, magnetic field lines leave the north pole of the magnet and curve around until they cross the Earth’s Equator pointing geographically northward. They curve still more reentering the Earth in northern...

...spectrum of waves of different frequencies is generated by some process in the solar wind. A small fraction of the energy in these waves penetrates the magnetopause. Within the magnetosphere each magnetic field line has a characteristic frequency of oscillation determined by its length, the strength of the field along it, and the mass of the particles attached to it. If the waves entering the...

magnetospheric substorms

...be explained in terms of magnetic convection driven by magnetic reconnection. A substorm, however, is a manifestation of time-varying convection. In the reconnection model of substorms, transport of
magnetic flux and particles never reaches equilibrium. During the growth phase of a substorm,
magnetic flux is eroded from the dayside and added to the lobes of the magnetotail. The dayside...