Here I will post some short pieces on Sarala Mahabharata. Sarala Das is known as the "aadikavi" (the first poet) of Oriya Literature. He lived and wrote in the 15th Century. Mahabharat is his magnum opus. The episodes in Sarala's Mahabharat are significantly different from those in Vyasa's (Sanskrit) Mahabharat.

Monday, January 4, 2016

HOW THE PANDAVAS CAME TO LIVE IN INDRAPRASTHA

Recently a friend who had been kind
enough to go through many pieces in this blog asked me how the Pandavas came to
live in Indraprastha in Sarala
Mahabharata. In Sarala’s retelling the kingdom of Hastinapura was never
divided and Yudhisthira was not the king of Indraprastha when he lost the game
of dice. Along with Kunti, the Pandavas came, in this narrative, to live in Indraprastha
because king Dhritarastra asked them to do so.

After Pandu’s death, Dhritarastra
insisted that Kunti and her and Madri’s children, the five who later came to be
known as “Pandavas” because together they had killed the asura named “Pandava”,
return to Hastinapura and live in the palace of the Kurus. Thus the Pandavas
and the Kauravas grew up together. But the relationship between them was not
cordial. Bhima was exceptionally strong and mischievous. He generally disliked
the Kauravas and sometimes as they played, they quarrelled and fought, which
was natural for them at that age. Bhima would then bash up some Kaurava cousins
badly on such occasions and they were very scared of him. Now, one can hardly
fear anyone so much without hating him.Thus
the Kauravas hated him and Dussasana hated him intensely. Karna and Arjuna had
a tense relationship and Duryodhana disliked Yudhisthira. Grandfather
Bhishma insisted that they play together, hoping surely that this would
generate mutual good will among them. Karna and Aswasthama, who had studied
with them under guru Drona, would join them at play.

One day they decided to play jhimini, which could be an ancestral
version of the modern kabaddi. As he was chasing Yudhisthira in the game, Dussasana
hit Yudhisthira and blood flowed out of his nose. It isn’t clear in the text whether
he hurt him out of malice or it just happened by accident. A mere push of his
could severely hurt a person like Yudhisthira; after all, hadn’t he been
blessed, when he was a baby, by the great sage Durvasa that his body have the strength
and the power of a hundred lions. Incidentally, immediately after, the sage pronounced
a terrible curse on him, but we will tell this story later.

Now Bhima was greatly agitated
seeing Yudhisthira’s condition. He chased Dussasana and hit him on his chest
and Dussasana fell unconscious. Then he chased each of the Kaurava brothers and
hit them all and they too fell unconscious. Karna and Aswasthama suffered the
same fate. Listen O Vaibasuta Manu, said the sage Agasti, who was narrating to
him the story of Mahabharata, it is
this event that strongly bound the Pandavas and the Kauravas with unqualified hatred
and enmity.

His minister Sanjaya told the
king Dritarashtra what had happened in the game.Bhishma and Sanjaya soon went to the play
ground and revived the still unconscious Kauravas and their friends.

Dhritarashtra felt helpless and
miserable and was extremely worried. He was deeply concerned about the safety and
the life of his sons. The fear that one day Bhima could kill them all troubled
him greatly. He had no human to turn to. He invoked Bhagawan Balaram. He
responded to his prayer and arrived at Hastinapura. Dhritarashtra was in tears
as he poured out his grief to Balarama. Balarama smiled. Do not worry, said
Balaram, such things happen at play. To reassure him, he placed his hand on his
sons’ heads and told him not to fear for his children. He would protect them.
Duryodhana was his pupil and he would be able to kill the Pandava brothers and
become the king, he told Dhritarashtra. Dhritarashtra felt reassured. Balaram,
who hardly had any interest in people or things that did not directly relate to
him or concern him in some way, did not know that Arjuna was very dear to his
dearest brother.

Now the brother, the One who is
everywhere knows what is happening where, would want to know about things from
others. That is his leela. The same night he arrived at the mountainous Indraprastha
and wished for Arjuna to meet him there. Arjuna arrived and prostrated himself
at his feet again and again. He told him about all that had happened and what
all Balarama had told Dhritarashtra. Krishna told him to be very careful. He
said that Dhritarashtra was using Balaram to execute his evil designs against
them; therefore they must not trust Dhritarashtra and also Karna, Aswasthama,
Shalya and Duryodhana. Arjuna was unfazed; if he, Krishna, was concerned about
them, what harm could a lakh Balarams cause them, he told the purna avatara (the fullest avataric manifestation
of Narayana).

Krishna was pleased with his
confidence but at the same time he repeated that the Pandavas should be very alert
at all times, whether awake or asleep. The enemy could take advantage of even some
slight carelessness on their part to harm them. He told him that he must inform
his brothers of their delicate situation and stay away from the Kauravas. Saying
this, Krishna left.

When Arjuna told Yudhisthira what
Krishna had told him, he was unimpressed. There was of course nothing that Krishna
wouldn’t know, he said, but why should the Pandavas have fear from
Dhritarashtra? Why must Dhritarashtra think of harming them, he told Arjuna,
when they were devoted to him? Why suspect that he bore them ill will? The son
of Dharma, who bore no ill will towards anyone and had no enemies, would not imagine
that others could be different. Thus he very mildly chided Arjuna, saying that
the one who nurses suspicion is the one who nurses sin in his heart. Remain
steadfast in dharma, he advised Arjuna, because dharma saves one from sins.

As the virtuous and
unsuspecting Yudhisthira was talking dharma to Arjuna, Dhritarashtra was
telling his minister Sanjaya about his fears about Bhima. Once you start
differentiating between the Kuru princes, Sanjaya told him, how would you live
with those who you distrust? So the right thing to do would be to relocate the
Pandavas elsewhere, he said. Dhritarashtra found it a reasonable proposal, so one night
he called his brother and minister Vidura to his palace to consult him in this
regard. Children would do things like this when they play, said Vidura, so he
should not be worried on that account. With their father Pandu dead, he,
Dhritarashtra was like their father. How could he think of sending them away,
he asked him. But so long as Bhima was alive, his own sons were unsafe, the old
king told Vidura, so it would be injudicious, he said, to encourage the
Pandavas and the Kauravas staying together. If this is how he thought and if he was differentiating
between the princes, then, said Vidura, it would be better to relocate the
Pandavas elsewhere. Dhritarashtra was happy and he got a house built in the
mountainous Indraprastha that was on the outskirts of Hastinapura.

Soon after, one day, as
Yudhisthira, Bhima and Arjuna were paying respects to him, Dhritarashtra told
the eldest Pandava that he and his brothers should live in Indraprastha. Your
brother Bhima is wicked, he said. There was always conflict between Duryodhana
and Bhima and Duryodhana always found Bhima’s boastful words insulting and
intolerable. Things might go so bad that someday a situation might emerge when
the Kaurava brothers might get together and even kill him. If he wanted him and
his brothers to live in Indraprastha, he would happily obey his command, said
Yudhisthira.

Kunti was sad. She blamed Bhishma
for her situation. She had happily adjusted to life in the forest around the
Satasringa mountains. Trusting Bhishma’s words she had come to live in the
Hastinapur palace. Now she had to relocate again. She
left for Indraprastha with the children. There one day she scolded Bhima for
being so wicked. Dhritarashtra had been so kind to them, and he had spoiled
everything, she told him. Bhima did not say anything. He certainly didn’t regret anything.

Unlike in the canonical version, in
Sarala’s, it was Krishna who was the first to tell Arjuna that the Pandavas
should stay separately from the Kauravas. His had been the voice of destiny.
The Pandavas did not follow his advice but things turned out that way. But was
Krishna really worried about the safety of the Pandavas? Was he uneasy about
Balaram? What can one say? Only Krishna knows about Krishna!