A 73-year-old man was admitted at another hospital after a traffic accident. The diagnosis was cervical vertebral fracture. Despite conservative treatment, 5 days later he manifested dysarthria due to cerebellar infarction and was transferred to our hospital. Imaging studies revealed right vertebral arterial dissection at the level of the axial fracture. We performed percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting to address his subacute vertebral artery dissection prior to treating the cervical vertebral fracture using external fixation...

Methods Patients with cerebral artery dissections were reviewed in a hospital setting from 2008 to 2015. Clinical presentations, lesion locations, treatment modalities, functional outcomes, and mortality were reviewed. Parent artery occlusion was the first choice for surgery or endovascular treatment of a hemorrhagic dissecting cerebral artery. Endovascular or surgical reconstructive treatment was indicated in patients whose parent artery could not be occluded. Favorable functional outcomes were determined using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 0-2...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the true incidence of cervical artery dissections (CeADs) in trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of ≥16, since head-and-neck computed tomography angiogram (CTA) is not a compulsory component of whole-body trauma computed tomography (CT) protocols. Patients and methods: A total of 230 consecutive trauma patients with an ISS of ≥16 admitted to our Level I trauma center during a 24-month period were prospectively included...

Vertebral artery dissection is of special clinical importance because of its often-delayed presentation and the risk of potentially permanent neurological deficit, or even death, as a result of injury. Once a rarely discovered injury, the better availability and use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have contributed to an increased incidence. Early diagnosis and treatment can almost eliminate the threat of acute cerebral vascular injury and save lives. In this report, we review a case of delayed traumatic vertebral artery dissection and discuss the key clinical findings and management strategies...

INTRODUCTION: Cervical artery dissection (CAD) is an important etiology of ischemic stroke and early recognition is vital to protect patients from the major complication of cerebral embolization by administration of anticoagulants. The etiology of arterial dissections differ and can be either spontaneous or traumatic. Even though the historical gold standard is still catheter angiography, recent studies suggest a good performance of computed tomography angiography (CTA) for detection of CAD...

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) is a non-traumatic and non-iatrogenic separation of the coronary arterial wall. Although uncommon, it should be suspected in any young patient with acute myocardial infarction especially without risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Early coronary angiography is essential in the diagnosis of SCAD. Fibromuscular dysplasia is a rare cause of SCAD, particularly encountered in young women. This is a nonatherosclerotic and noninflammatory vascular disease. Fibromuscular dysplasia may cause stenosis, aneurysm, dissection and / or occlusion of arteries...

Identifying the site of vascular bleeding in fatal cases of traumatic basal subarachnoid hemorrhage (TBSAH) is important, but can be very difficult to achieve when there is extensive blood clot in the posterior cranial fossa. Post mortem angiography in these circumstances has been reported previously but with mixed results, and is rarely used in current practice within the United Kingdom. We have developed a simple and effective post mortem angiography method, using fluoroscopy and clear modern contrast medium, suitable for use in the autopsy room...

INTRODUCTION: The authors present an interesting case of a 19-year-old male who presented as a polytrauma patient following a fall from a height. PRESENTATION OF CASE: He was initially managed on the intensive care unit with intracranial pressure bolt monitoring after being intubated and sedated and having his other traumatic injuries stabilized. Upon attempting to wean sedation and extubation a repeat CT scan of the head was undertaken and showed a new area suggested of cerebral infarction, this was a new finding...

A 55-year-old man was working in a trench when the wall collapsed in on him, pinning him to the wall. On arrival in the emergency department the patient began reporting of right-sided headache. Neurological examination revealed left-sided reduced sensation with weakness. Whole-body CT scan showed right-sided flail chest and bilateral haemothorax as well as loss of flow and thinning of the distal right internal carotid artery (ICA) and loss of grey white matter differentiation in keeping with traumatic ICA dissection with a right middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarct...

We report a patient with a traumatic middle cerebral artery dissection, which showed hyperperfusion in the territory supplied by the left middle cerebral artery. A 45-year-old man experienced speech disturbance and motor weakness in his right hemibody on the day following mild head trauma. His symptoms worsened on the fourth day. Magnetic resonance imaging showed narrowing in the left M1 portion of the middle cerebral artery. Angiography showed narrowing and dilatation in the left middle cerebral artery trunk...

Internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) is a rare entity that either results from traumatic injury or can be spontaneously preceded or not by a minor trauma such as sporting activities. It represents a major cause of stroke in young patients. The diagnosis should be suspected with the combination of Horner's syndrome, headache or neck pain, and retinal or cerebral ischaemia. The confirmation is frequently made with a magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Although anticoagulation with heparin followed by vitamin-K-antagonists is the most common treatment, there is no difference in efficacy of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs at preventing stroke and death in patients with symptomatic carotid dissection...

The authors present an unusual case of a transorbital penetrating injury of the internal carotid artery and brainstem. A young man accidentally ran into a 10-foot long citizens band (CB) antenna, and presented to the emergency department with nausea, dizziness and right periorbital ecchymosis. The nature and full extent of the injury were not appreciated at the time of initial examination and computed tomography scan. Magnetic resonance imaging subsequently demonstrated an unusual brainstem lesion. Neurology consultation was obtained...

Thromboembolic complications (TECs) are clinically important sequelae of nephrotic syndrome (NS). The incidence of TECs in children is approximately 2%-5%. The veins are the most commonly affected sites, particularly the deep veins in the legs, the inferior vena cava, the superior vena cava, and the renal veins. Arterial thrombosis, which is less common, typically occurs in the cerebral, pulmonary, and femoral arteries, and is associated with the use of steroids and diuretics. Popliteal artery thrombosis in children has been described in cases of traumatic dissection, osteochondroma, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and fibromuscular dysplasia...

We report a case of multiple symptomatic cerebral infarctions from a traumatic vertebral artery dissection (VAD) after cervical fractures. A 73-year-old man was admitted with stuporous mentality and left hemiparesis after a motor-vehicle accident. A brain computed tomography (CT) scan at admission showed a traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage on the left parietal lobe. A cervical CT scan showed left lateral mass fractures on C2, C5, and C6, involving the transverse foramen. Cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed loss of signal void on the left vertebral artery...

We review current topics in sport-related head injuries including acute subdural hematoma (ASDH), traumatic cerebrovascular disease, cerebral concussion, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Sports-related ASDH is a leading cause of death and severe morbidity in popular contact sports like American football and Japanese judo. Rotational acceleration can cause either cerebral concussion or ASDH due to rupture of a parasagittal bridging vein. Although rare, approximately 80% of patients with cerebral infarction due to sport participation are diagnosed with ischemia or infarction due to arterial dissection...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arteriopathy is the leading cause of childhood arterial ischemic stroke. Mechanisms are poorly understood but may include inherent abnormalities of arterial structure. Extracranial dissection is associated with connective tissue disorders in adult stroke. Focal cerebral arteriopathy is a common syndrome where pathophysiology is unknown but may include intracranial dissection or transient cerebral arteriopathy. We aimed to quantify cerebral arterial tortuosity in childhood arterial ischemic stroke, hypothesizing increased tortuosity in dissection...

Traumatic injuries to the lip are common, but injuries that require revascularization of the lower lip are infrequent and pose a major challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. This report describes the case of a 53-year-old woman who sustained a lower lip avulsion injury, a comminuted mandibular parasymphyseal fracture, and a hyoid bone fracture secondary to a bicycle accident. Trauma workup included computed tomographic angiography of the head and neck, which did not show vascular injury. Despite successful revascularization of the lower lip, on postoperative day 11 the patient developed a large internal carotid artery dissection and middle cerebral artery stroke...

Vascular injury presented immediately after the penetration, but delayed onset of vascular symptom caused by an embolism or vessel dissection after cervical fusion or traumatic event is extremely rare. We present a case of a 56-year-old woman who underwent an operation for cervical fusion for type II Odontoid process fracture. She presented symptoms of seizure with hemiparesis in 6 days after the operation. Multifocal acute infarction due to an embolism from the left VA (V3 segment) dissection was observed without a definite screw breach the transverse foramen...

BACKGROUND: Head injuries are a common chief complaint encountered in the emergency department (ED). A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak resulting from such injuries is uncommon, but has potentially debilitating consequences if undiagnosed. CASE REPORT: A 34-year-old male patient presented to the ED with complaints of an orthostatic headache after a bicycle accident that occurred 5 days prior to presentation. He presented with a nonfocal neurologic examination. Computed tomography (CT) of the head was without significant pathology...