IELTS Vocabulary (AWL,HK Univ.) 3

The IELTS test AWL(Academic Word List) was rooted from a popular webpage of HONG KONG Univ. We re-organize it with new definitions and examples. In addition original Chinese explanation, more local language explanations are appended to help ESL people. This list is a proven short-cut to pass IELTS exam when your preparation is in a very narrow timeframe.

evident: /'ɛvɪdənt/ a. Syn. obvious; apparent; clear (очевидно) easily seen or understood; obvious; apparent; clear He was lying on his left side at the time, and in evident pain.

evolve: /ɪ'vɒlv/ v. Syn. develop; grow (развиваться) develop; grow They want to evolve a joint strategy for the next round of WTO related trade negotiations scheduled to be held in Geneva in mid December.

exceed: /ɪk'si:d/ v. (превышать) go beyond; be or do something to a greater degree This will exceed all my expectations.

exclude: /ɪk'sklu:d/ v. (исключить) leave out of; keep out of; reject A decision to exclude a third of the countries on that initial list would be controversial, as debt cancellation is a key element to alleviate global poverty.

exhibit: /ɪg'zɪbɪt/ v. Syn. display; show (выставки) show, make visible or apparent The Metropolitan Museum plans to exhibit Goya's works this month.

expand: /ɪk'spænd/ v. Syn. dilate; extend (расширить) become larger in size or volume; grow stronger; add details China wants to learn from India's success in IT and expand international outsourcing, such as call centers, a booming sector in India.

expert: /'ɛkspɜrt/ n. (Эксперт) person with a high degree of skill in or knowledge of a certain subject If this expert is as good as Foote says, he can tie up the process for a long time.

export: /ɪk'spɔ:t/ v. (экспорт) sell or transfer abroad They impose limits on how much developing nations can export to rich countries.

expose: /ɪk'spoʊz/;/ɛkspə'zeɪ/ v. Syn. exhibit; show; display (Проспект) set forth; set out to public view It will once again expose their intent to prevent an agenda that people clearly want.

external: /ɛk'stɜrn(ə)l/ a. Syn. exterior; outer (внешних) exterior; outer; suitable for application to the outside There is, said the external relations commissioner, a lot of broken crockery on the floor, and we're going to have to work hard to put the pieces together again.

extract: /ɪk'strækt/ v. Syn. derive; remove; squeeze (экстракта) draw or pull out, usually with some force or effort; remove; get despite difficulties or obstacles He is not planning to expel foreign companies as he needs their expertise and technology to extract and upgrade Venezuela's heavy crude.

factor: /'fæktə(r)/ n. Syn. variable; element; component (фактор) anything that contributes causally to a result; element; variable The Federation warns that unless the world's population acts now to eat a healthier diet and to take more exercise, obesity will rapidly overtake smoking as the leading lifestyle risk factor for heart disease and strokes.

feature: /'fi:tʃə(r)/ n. (возможность) prominent aspect of something No feature in the scene was extraordinary, but all was pleasing.

federal: /'fɛdər(ə)l/ a. (федерального) of or relating to central government; national The new president has to face current and long term federal deficits.

file: /faɪl/ v. (файл) line; proceed in line The students file into the classroom.

final: /'faɪn(ə)l/ a. Syn. last (окончательного) forming or occurring at the end; terminating; ultimate; conclusive The game is now in its final stages, I can see its result already.

finance: /'faɪnæns/ n. Syn. fund (Финансы) management of money and credit and banking and investments; subsidizing; fund Mr. Brown's views on economic matters are pretty well established and internationally he's known among finance ministers for his grasp of detail.

finite: /'faɪnaɪt/ a. (конечной) having a limit; limited in quantity, degree, or capacity; bounded By the way, it's wrong to think a single individual can overtake a population of size infinity in finite time.

flexible: /'flɛksɪb(ə)l/ a. Syn. pliant; elastic; docile (гибкие) pliant; elastic; capable of being bent or flexed; pliable The way of life is very beautiful for those people, who work from home, enjoys having less pressure and they can work in flexible hours at their own convenience.

fluctuate: /'flʌktjʊeɪt/ v. Syn. waver; shift (колебаться) rise and fall in or as if in waves; shift; vary irregularly The water pressure in our shower does fluctuate wildly.

focus: /'foʊkəs/ n. (Фокус) most important thing; a fixed reference point; center of interest or activity Who is responsible and who coordinates the attack is now the focus of discussion.

format: /'fɔ:mæt/ v. Syn. pattern; design (формат) pattern; design; set into a specific pattern Please format this letter so it can be printed out.

formula: /'fɔ:mjʊlə/ n. (формула) plan; directions for making something; a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement He gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials.

forthcoming: /fɔ:θ'kʌmɪŋ/ a. (предстоящих) ready or about to appear; making appearance The forthcoming talks hold out the hope of real arms reductions.

foundation: /faʊn'deɪʃ(ə)n/ n. (Фонд) basis on which something is grounded There is little foundation for his objections, nobody follow him.

framework: /'freɪmwɜrk/ n. Syn. structure; skeleton (рамках) fundamental structure, as for a written work; skeleton If they're given a draft framework for such a body, the rebels say they are willing to resume negotiations.

function: /'fʌnkʃən/ n. (функции) act of executing or performing any duty; assigned duty or activity The function of an adjective is to describe or add to the meaning of a noun.

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fund: /fʌnd/ n. Syn. money; capital (фонд) money; capital; a reserve of money set aside for some purpose; finance; subsidize An activist from Burundi lambasted the world's richer nations for not putting money into the global fund to fight AIDS.

fundamental: /fʌndə'mɛnt(ə)l/ a. Syn. primary; essential (фундаментальных) relating to foundation or base; elementary; primary; essential El Niao is a natural phenomenon, but some are worried that climate change could now be altering the cycle in fundamental ways.

furthermore: /fɜrðə'mɔ:(r)/ ad. (Кроме) in addition; moreover The guy was about forty, Reacher guessed, and furthermore Reacher guessed he had gotten to be about forty by staying relentlessly aware of everything that was happening around him.

gender: /'dʒɛndə(r)/ n. (гендерной) sexual identity, especially in relation to society or culture; category New reforms are largely uncontroversial, such as gender equality measures and improved rights of privacy.

generate: /'dʒɛnəreɪt/ v. Syn. cause; produce; create (создания) bring into being; give rise to; produce Their primary concern is not the health of the American people it is to maximize the revenue they can generate from the American people.

generation: /dʒɛnə'reɪʃ(ə)n/ n. (поколения) all offspring at same stage from common ancestor; interval of time between the birth of parents and their offspring They lived a long time, their generation is 100 years to us.

globe: /gloʊb/ n. (миру) body with the shape of a sphere, especially a representation of the earth in the form of a hollow ball Throw in the explosion of broadband over the past decade connecting people around the globe and small cities look more attractive than ever.

grade: /greɪd/ n. Syn. rank (класса) step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing He's not in the first grade as a musician, why do you want to learn piano from him?

grant: /grɑrnt/ v. (Грант) allow to have; give on the basis of merit; be willing to concede I grant the genius of your plan, but you still will not find backers.

guarantee: /gærən'ti:/ n. Syn. assure; ensure (Гарантия) pledge that something will happen or that something is true If it has decided to build a stockpile of nuclear weapons as the best guarantee of its security, then a more dangerous confrontation will be unavoidable.

guideline: /'gaɪdɪlaɪ/ n. (руководящего) statement or other indication of policy; light line, used in lettering, to help align the text A good guideline is to post enough to keep your page fresh, but there is such a thing as overkill!

hence: /hɛns/ ad. (следовательно,) from this place; from this time; from this reason; as an inference or deduction We have no chance to meet each other a week hence.

hierarchy: /'haɪərɑrkɪ/ n. Syn. class; order (иерархии) arrangement by rank or standing; series in which each element is graded or ranked To be low man on the totem pole is to have an inferior place in the hierarchy.

highlight: /'haɪlaɪt/ v. Syn. emphasize; stress (Фокус) make prominent; emphasize; stress He said it was time to highlight the danger of the possibility of smaller radioactive sources falling into the hands of terrorists.

ideology: /aɪdɪ'ɒlədʒɪ/ n. Syn. belief; idea; philosophy (идеологии) study of origin and nature of ideas For people who had grown up believing in the communist ideology, it was hard to adjust to capitalism.

illustrate: /'ɪləstreɪt/ v. Syn. represent; demonstrate; depict (иллюстрации) represent; demonstrate; depict; clarify, as by use of examples or comparisons The editor will illustrate the definition with an example sentence.

immigrate: /'ɪmɪgreɪt/ v. (иммигрировать) move into another country to stay there permanently Amnesty is not deserved for those in the country illegally, though the cost to immigrate legally also needs to be lowered.

implement: /'ɪmplɪmənt/ v. Syn. execute; perform (реализации) put into effect; supply with tools The mayor was unwilling to implement the plan until she was sure it had the governor's backing.

implicate: /'ɪmplɪkeɪt/ v. Syn. incriminate (обвинить) incriminate; involve or imply as necessary accompaniment or result The suspicions again implicate high government officials to the point where 911 could well have been an inside job.

implicit: /ɪm'plɪsɪt/ a. Syn. implied; suggested (неявной) implied or understood though not directly expressed Jack never told Jill he adored her; he believed his love was implicit in his actions.

impose: /ɪm'poʊz/ v. Syn. demand; force; inflict (навязать) demand; force; compel to behave in a certain way In the past the courts have treated similar cases with great leniency but there's been growing pressure from the government and the public to impose stiffer penalties.

incentive: /ɪn'sɛntɪv/ n. Syn. spur; motive (стимул) something, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation of reward Another incentive is the tax and duty-free importation of raw materials to be used for book publishing.

incidence: /'ɪnsɪd(ə)ns/ n. Syn. occurrence (заболеваемости) rate of occurrence; particular occurrence The highest incidence is found in Britain, Australia and Belgium: 30 per 1,000,000 per year.

incline: /ɪn'klaɪn/ n. Syn. slope; slant (наклона) cause to lean, slant, or slope; deviate from the horizontal or vertical The architect recommended that the nursing home's ramp be rebuilt because its incline was too steep for wheelchairs.

income: /'ɪnkʌm/ n. (доходов) gain from labor, business, property, or capital I can never do that again, two-thirds of my income goes in paying the interest of mortgages.

incorporate: /ɪn'kɔ:pəreɪt/ v. Syn. combine; unite (включать) combine something into a larger whole; unite I will provide the template for the website but will need someone in incorporate the matrix along with the members area and a few other aspects to go along with the members area.

index: /'ɪndɛks/ n. (Индекс) anything which shows, indicates, manifests, or discloses; prologue indicating what follows; second digit Do you know the price index in the city?

indicate: /'ɪndɪkeɪt/ v. Syn. show; reflect; evidence; imply; suggest (указать) point out; direct to a knowledge of Researchers indicate that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.

individual: /ɪndɪ'vɪdjʊəl/ n. (отдельных) single person or thing; human regarded as a unique personality If this individual is to be the leader of this country, she will lead us to total defeat.

induce: /ɪn'dju:s/;/ɪn'du:s/ v. Syn. persuade (вызывать) persuade; bring about; reason or establish by induction He was as a dog that had been terribly scorched, and nothing would again induce him to go near the fire.

inevitable: /ɪn'ɛvɪtəb(ə)l/ a. Syn. unavoidable (неизбежны) unavoidable; incapable of being avoided or prevented Though taxes are supposedly inevitable, some people avoid paying taxes for years.

infer: /ɪn'fɜr(r)/ v. Syn. deduce; conclude (вывод) deduce; conclude from evidence or premises; lead to as a consequence or conclusion From the students' glazed looks, it was easy for me to infer that they were bored out of their minds.

infrastructure: /'ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. (инфраструктуры) underlying base or foundation especially for an organization or system Mexican federal aviation officials have indicated a substantial investment in infrastructure is needed for the airline to comply and be viable.

inherent: /ɪn'hɪərənt/ a. Syn. intrinsic; natural (присущей) firmly established by nature or habit Each branch of the federal government has certain inherent powers.

inhibit: /ɪn'hɪbɪt/ v. Syn. restrain; prevent (тормозить) restrain; prevent or forbid; hold back Only two things inhibit him from taking a punch at Mike Tyson: Tyson's left hook, and Tyson's right jab.

initial: /ɪ'nɪʃ(ə)l/ a. Syn. preliminary (начальной) early; preliminary; occurring at the beginning An initial study will look at the terrorist threat to peace-keeping forces in the Balkans.

initiate: /ɪ'nɪʃɪeɪt/ v. Syn. begin; originate (начать) begin; originate; admit into membership The college is about to initiate a program in reducing math anxiety among students.

injure: /'ɪndʒə(r)/ v. (ранить) do harm to; inflict damage; do injustice to Generally people who injure limbs have bad arthritis as they mature.

innovate: /'ɪnəveɪt/ v. (инновации) change or alter by bringing in something new For many in our industry, the capacity to innovate is closely tied to developing human resources.

insert: /ɪn'sɜrt/ v. Syn. input; enter (Вставить) input; enter; put or set into, between, or among The proposal for genetic modification involves to insert a fluorescent protein into the virus.

insight: /'ɪnsaɪt/ n. Syn. understanding (понимание) understanding; grasping the inner nature of things intuitively This insight is then applied to three prominent proposals.

instance: /'ɪnstəns/ n. Syn. example (например) example that is cited to prove a contention or illustrate a point; case or occurrence The framework applies equally to all ecosystems and in this instance is adapted for wetlands.

institute: /'ɪnstɪtju:t/;/'ɪnstətu:t/ n. (институт) advance or set forth in court; association organized to promote art or science or education The institute for biomedical research is a non-profit, independent research and educational organization known as a world leader in its field.

instruct: /ɪn'strʌkt/ v. Syn. teach (поручить) teach; make aware of She had to instruct the students to work on their pronunciation.

intelligence: /ɪn'tɛlɪdʒəns/ n. (разведки) ability to comprehend; understand and profit from experience; intellect; power of cognition More than half the variance between people in intelligence is also genetic, Mr. Shane reports, adding that smarter people "tend to be less satisfied with their jobs."

interact: /ɪntər'ækt/ v. Syn. interplay (взаимодействия) interplay; act together or towards others or with Only two months ago, there was much criticism of the founders who organized the floatation and continued to interact with Wall Street.

intermediate: /ɪntə'mi:dɪət/ a. (промежуточных) middle; lying between two extremes They are all from sitting to standing without intermediate pushes with the hands.

internal: /ɪn'tɜrn(ə)l/ a. Syn. inside; interior (внутреннего) inside; interior; located within the limits or surface An internal audit led to Julie Wall's downfall and her vast collection has now been auctioned to pay back some of what she owes.

interpret: /ɪn'tɜrprɪt/ v. (интерпретации) explain or tell the meaning of; translate orally; decipher When data is kept under lock and key, as mysterious as a temple secret, only the priests can read and interpret it.

interpretation: /ɪntɜrprɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n/ n. Syn. explanation (интерпретации) explanation; performer's distinctive personal version of a song, dance, piece of music General Kazantsev said the interpretation of the leaflets air-dropped on Grozny on Monday, telling civilians to leave or face destruction, was all wrong.

interval: /'ɪntəv(ə)l/ n. Syn. pause; break (интервале) pause; break; space between two objects, points, or units The first week, it spouted every five hours, but recently the interval is eight hours.

intervene: /ɪntə'vi:n/ v. (вмешательства) get involved; come, appear, or lie between two things And therefore, the place to intervene is to slow down the number of children who begin smoking.

invest: /ɪn'vɛst/ v. (Инвестиции) put clothe on, as with office or authority; place in possession of rank, dignity, or estate; endow; lay out money or capital in business You had better let me invest it along with your six thousand, because if you take it you'll spend it.

investigate: /ɪn'vɛstɪgeɪt/ v. Syn. explore; research; survey (расследования) explore; observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically NASA has launched its Contour spacecraft, one of a series of missions designed to investigate comets.

invoke: /ɪn'voʊk/ v. (вызова) call upon; ask for; request earnestly I again invoke the cooperation of the executive and legislative authorities of the States in this great purpose.

involve: /ɪn'vɒlv/ v. (привлекать) wind round; connect with something; include necessarily; engage thoroughly How should we involve ourselves in school life?

isolate: /'aɪsəleɪt/ v. Syn. seclude; separate (изолировать) seclude; set apart or cut off from others That research will isolate a large number of antibodies from humans and animals.

item: /'aɪtəm/ n. (пункту) a whole individual unit; a distinct part that can be specified separately in a group He noticed an item in the New York Times that reported his hometown.

journal: /'dʒɜrn(ə)l/ n. Syn. magazine; periodical (журнал) magazine; periodical; log; diary; a ledger in which transactions have been recorded as they occurred Published twice yearly, the journal is an open access, online publication.

justify: /'dʒʌstɪfaɪ/ v. Syn. vindicate; defend (оправдывают) adjust the spaces between words; show to be reasonable; explain, clear away "And old Madam Reed, or the Misses, her daughters, will be solicited by you to seek a place, I suppose?" "No, sir; I am not on such terms with my relatives as would justify me in asking favours of them--but I shall advertise."

label: /'leɪb(ə)l/ n. (этикетки) paper affixed to anything by inscription; slip of ribbon, parchment; writing annexed by way of addition There was no label this time with the words "DRINK ME," but nevertheless she uncorked it and put it to her lips.

labour: /'leɪbə(r)/ n. (труда) effort expended on particular task; act of mother giving birth; time period during which mother gives birth When Lisa went into labour, her doctor was not around, she says.

layer: /'leɪə(r)/ n. Syn. tier; stratum (слой) tier; a relatively thin sheet like expanse or region lying over or under another The layer of thick smoke now covering all of southern California, thousands of firefighters are still struggling to contain ten separate blazes.

lecture: /'lɛktʃə(r)/ n. (лекции) teaching by giving a discourse on some subject; speech that is open to the public The students could not follow the lecture on modern chemistry.