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Router:

Router A router is specialized computer connected to more than one network 1 Rajni Bhalla

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A device that forwards data packets along networks . A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP??s network. Routers are located at gateways , the places where two or more networks connect. Routers use headers and forwarding tables to determine the best path for forwarding the packets, and they use protocols such as ICMP to communicate with each other and configure the best route between any two hosts. 2 Rajni Bhalla

Important Points About Router:

Important Points About Router A router runs software that allows the device to move data from one network to another. Routers operate at the network layer ( OSI Model's layer 3 ) The primary function of a router is to connect networks together and keep certain kinds of broadcast traffic under control. There are several companies that make routers: Cisco (Linksys) , Juniper , Nortel (Bay Networks), Redback , Lucent, 3Com , and HP 3 Rajni Bhalla

Routing is performed for many kinds of networks, including:

Routing is performed for many kinds of networks, including 1. the telephone network ( Circuit switching ) 2. electronic data networks (such as the Internet ) using packet switching technology 3. and transportation networks The routing process usually directs forwarding on the basis of routing tables which maintain a record of the routes to various network destinations. Thus, constructing routing tables, which are held in the router's memory , is very important for efficient routing 4 Rajni Bhalla

Why do I need a Router? Or Functions of router :

Why do I need a Router ? Or Functions of router Restrict network broadcasts to the LAN Act as the default gateway . Move data between networks Learn and advertise loop free paths 5 Rajni Bhalla

Routing schemes differ in their delivery semantics::

Routing schemes differ in their delivery semantics: unicast delivers a message to a single specific node; 6 Rajni Bhalla

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DO I REALLY NEED A ROUTER? :

DO I REALLY NEED A ROUTER? If you have a small network, with few hosts, you probably don't need a router unless you are connecting your network to another network. For example, the Internet is a very large network, so you would need a router (and a lot of other things) to connect your network to the Internet. 10 Rajni Bhalla

How To Find Your Router IP’s Address:

How To Find Your Router IP’s Address Each router has 2 IP addresses : an internal IP address and an external IP address . Your router's internal IP address is what you use to talk to your router. Use this IP address to login to your router and configure it for things like port forwarding . Your router's external IP address is what the rest of the world uses to find you on the Internet. Tell this IP address to people who are trying to connect to you if you are hosting a game or other kind of server. 11 Rajni Bhalla

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How To Find Your Router Internal IP Address?:

How To Find Your Router Internal IP Address? You have 2 options here. You can either : Download our Free Static IP Software , which will tell you your routers internal IP address (it will be called "gateway address"), or Use the Windows command prompt 13 Rajni Bhalla

To find your routers internal IP address the easiest method is with a little command line tool called ipconfig that comes with Windows. First you need to click Start and find the Run command. You should see a little run dialog box that looks something like this:

To find your routers internal IP address the easiest method is with a little command line tool called ipconfig that comes with Windows. First you need to click Start and find the Run command. You should see a little run dialog box that looks something like this 14 Rajni Bhalla

At the command prompt type in ipconfig and press enter. You should see results that look like the following image.:

At the command prompt type in ipconfig and press enter. You should see results that look like the following image. 15 Rajni Bhalla

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Router Switch A router is used to connect computers belonging to one network with those belonging to another or other networks. A switch on the other hand, connects different computers within one network. As per the OSI model, a router is a Network Layer device, i.e. it operates at Layer 3. Unless it is a multi-layer switch, a network switch operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer). Routers are much more sophisticated and intelligent network devices, as compared to switches. In comparison with routers, switches are less sophisticated and less intelligent. A router works on the principle of IP addresses. A switch works on the basis of MAC addresses. A router's inbuilt hardware makes use of routing algorithms to compute the best possible path for routing data packets across different computer networks. A switch does not perform any such activities. Routers have their own inbuilt operating systems and they need to be configured before use. Most switches do not require any prior configuration and are usually 'ready-to-use'. 16 Rajni Bhalla