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Article
Black British Fiction
• Abigail Ward
The Encyclopedia of Twentieth‐Century Fiction
First published: 24 December 2010
Abstract
Abstract
Black British fiction is an expanding area of twentieth‐ and twenty‐first‐century literature. The term “black British literature” has been used since the 1980s, but it has been controversial because both “black” and “British” are deceptively complex terms that cause problems of categorization for writers and critics. Novelist and poet Fred D'Aguiar raised his objections in his essay “Against Black British Literature,” arguing that the term marginalizes black creativity and fails to recognize it as part of, rather than distinct from, Britishness (106). There is, equally, a danger of homogenization – of failing to recognize the diversity of peoples within this grouping. Moreover, as many “black British” authors now reside outside the UK – Caryl Phillips and George Lamming, among others – the label seems particularly inappropriate for them. As literary critic John McLeod has argued, the transnational elements of much black writing in Britain may be compromised by viewing the work as solely British (2002, 59). “Black writing in Britain,” an alternative phrase deployed by some critics, is an attempt to avoid the closed‐off nature of “black British,” suggesting instead the potential for movement, heterogeneity, and migration, recalling cultural theorist Stuart Hall's emphasis on diasporic identities “constantly producing and reproducing themselves anew” (402).