Update of Legacy IANA Registrations of Enumservices

Abstract

This document revises all Enumservices that were IANA registered
under the now obsolete specification of the Enumservice registry
defined in RFC 3761.

Status of This Memo

This is an Internet Standards Track document.

This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.

Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6118.

Copyright Notice

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it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other
than English.

1. Introduction

[RFC6117] has obsoleted the IANA registration section of [RFC3761].
Since the IANA Enumservice registry contains various Enumservices
registered under the regime of RFC 3761, those registrations do not
conform to the new guidelines as specified in [RFC6117]. To ensure
consistency among all Enumservice registrations at IANA, this
document adds the (nowadays) missing elements to those legacy
registrations. Furthermore, all legacy Enumservice registrations are
converted to the new XML-chunk format, and, where deemed necessary,
minor editorial corrections are applied.

However, this document only adds the missing elements to the XML
chunks as specified in the IANA Considerations section of [RFC6117],
but it does not complete the (nowadays) missing sections of the
corresponding Enumservice Specifications. In order to conform with
the new registration regime as specified in [RFC6117], those
Enumservice Specifications still have to be revised.

It is important to note that this document does not update the
functional specification of the concerned Enumservices.

2. Terminology

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

3. IESG Action

According to [RFC3761], any Enumservice registration had to be
published as a Standards Track, Experimental, or BCP (Best Current
Practice) RFC. [RFC6117] no longer has this requirement, i.e.,
"Specification Required", which implies the use of a Designated
Expert [RFC5226], is sufficient.

This document changes the approval requirement for updates to
Enumservice registrations to Specification Required, whereby the
specification and request are reviewed by a Designated Expert as
described in [RFC6117].

4. Legacy Enumservice Registrations Converted to XML Chunks

In the following, the legacy Enumservice Registrations are converted
to XML chunks that include the new elements introduced by [RFC6117].

(Note that references in Sections 4.1 - 4.39 refer to the references
section within the respective Enumservice Specification.)

4.3. ems:tel

<record>
<!-- ems:tel -->
<class>Application-Based, Common</class>
<type>ems</type>
<subtype>tel</subtype>
<urischeme>tel</urischeme>
<functionalspec>
<paragraph>
This Enumservice indicates that the resource
identified by the associated URI is capable
of receiving a message using the Enhanced Message
Service (EMS) [14].
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
References are contained in <xref type="rfc" data="rfc4355"/>.
</paragraph>
</functionalspec>
<security>
<paragraph>
There are no specific security issues with this
Enumservice. However, the general considerations of
Section 6 of <xref type="rfc" data="rfc4355"/> apply.
</paragraph>
</security>
<usage>COMMON</usage>
<registrationdocs>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc4355"/> (updated by RFC 6118)
<xref type="rfc" data="RFC 6118"/>
</registrationdocs>
<requesters>
<xref type="person" data="Rudolf_Brandner"/>
<xref type="person" data="Lawrence_Conroy"/>
<xref type="person" data="Richard_Stastny"/>
</requesters>
<additionalinfo>
<paragraph>
Note that an indication of EMS can be taken as
implying that the recipient is capable of receiving
SMS messages at this address as well.
</paragraph>
</additionalinfo>
</record>

4.4. fax:tel

<record>
<!-- fax:tel -->
<class>Application-Based, Subset</class>
<type>fax</type>
<subtype>tel</subtype>
<urischeme>tel</urischeme>
<functionalspec>
<paragraph>
This Enumservice indicates that the resource
identified by the associated URI is capable
of being contacted to provide a communication
session during which facsimile documents can be
sent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
A client selecting this NAPTR will have support
for generating and sending facsimile documents to
the recipient using the PSTN session and transfer
protocols specified in [12] and [13] in
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc4355"/> -
in short, they will have a fax program with a local
or shared PSTN access over which they can send
faxes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
References are contained in <xref type="rfc" data="rfc4355"/>.
</paragraph>
</functionalspec>
<security>
See <xref type="rfc" data="rfc4355"/>, Section 6.
</security>
<usage>COMMON</usage>
<registrationdocs>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc4355"/> (updated by RFC 6118)
<xref type="rfc" data="RFC 6118"/>
</registrationdocs>
<requesters>
<xref type="person" data="Rudolf_Brandner"/>
<xref type="person" data="Lawrence_Conroy"/>
<xref type="person" data="Richard_Stastny"/>
</requesters>
</record>

4.11. im

<record>
<!-- im -->
<class>Application-Based, Common</class>
<type>im</type>
<!-- No subtype -->
<urischeme>im</urischeme>
<functionalspec>
<paragraph>
This Enumservice indicates that the resource
identified is an 'im:' URI. The 'im:' URI scheme
does not identify any particular protocol that will
be used to handle instant messaging receipt or
delivery, rather the mechanism in RFC 3861 [4] is
used to discover whether an IM protocol supported by
the party querying ENUM is also supported by the
target resource.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
References are contained in <xref type="rfc" data="rfc5028"/>.
</paragraph>
</functionalspec>
<security>
See <xref type="rfc" data="rfc5028"/>, Section 3.
</security>
<usage>COMMON</usage>
<registrationdocs>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc5028"/> (updated by RFC 6118)
<xref type="rfc" data="RFC 6118"/>
</registrationdocs>
<requesters>
<xref type="person" data="Rohan_Mahy"/>
</requesters>
</record>

4.12. mms:mailto

<record>

<!-- mms:mailto -->
<class>Application-Based, Common</class>
<type>mms</type>
<subtype>mailto</subtype>
<urischeme>mailto</urischeme>
<functionalspec>
<paragraph>
This Enumservice indicates that the resource
identified by the associated URI is capable
of receiving a message using an email protocol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
MMS messages are sent over SMTP using the format
specified by TS 23.140 [15] Section 8.4.4 and TS
26.140 [16] Section 4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
Within and between MMS Environments (MMSE,
network infrastructures that support the MultiMedia
Service), other pieces of state data (for example,
charging-significant information) are exchanged
between MMS Relay Servers. Thus, although these
servers use SMTP as the "bearer" for their
application exchanges, they map their internal state
to specialized header fields carried in the SMTP message
exchanges. The header fields used in such MMSE are
described in detail in [17].
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
References are contained in <xref type="rfc" data="rfc4355"/>.
</paragraph>
</functionalspec>
<security>
<paragraph>
There are no specific security issues with this
Enumservice. However, the general considerations of
Section 6 of <xref type="rfc" data="rfc4355"/> apply.
</paragraph>
</security>
<usage>COMMON</usage>
<registrationdocs>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc4355"/> (updated by RFC 6118)
<xref type="rfc" data="RFC 6118"/>
</registrationdocs>
<requesters>
<xref type="person" data="Rudolf_Brandner"/>
<xref type="person" data="Lawrence_Conroy"/>
<xref type="person" data="Richard_Stastny"/>
</requesters>
<additionalinfo>
<paragraph>
The MMS Architecture describes an interface
between the MMSE and "legacy messaging systems"
(labelled as MM3) that accepts "standard" SMTP
messages. Thus, although the MMS Relay Server that
supports this interface appears as a standard SMTP
server from the perspective of an Internet-based
mail server, it acts as a gateway and translator,
adding the internal state data that is used within
and between the MMS Environments. This mechanism is
described in [17], which also includes references to
the specifications agreed by those bodies
responsible for the design of the MMS.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
References are contained in <xref type="rfc" data="rfc4355"/>.
</paragraph>
</additionalinfo>
</record>

4.13. mms:tel

<record>

<!-- mms:tel -->
<class>Application-Based, Common</class>
<type>mms</type>
<subtype>tel</subtype>
<urischeme>tel</urischeme>
<functionalspec>
<paragraph>
This Enumservice indicates that the resource
identified by the associated URI is capable
of receiving a message using the Multimedia
Messaging Service (MMS) [15].
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
References are contained in <xref type="rfc" data="rfc4355"/>.
</paragraph>
</functionalspec>
<security>
<paragraph>
There are no specific security issues with this
Enumservice. However, the general considerations of
Section 6 of <xref type="rfc" data="rfc4355"/> apply.
</paragraph>
</security>
<usage>COMMON</usage>
<registrationdocs>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc4355"/> (updated by RFC 6118)
<xref type="rfc" data="RFC 6118"/>
</registrationdocs>
<requesters>
<xref type="person" data="Rudolf_Brandner"/>
<xref type="person" data="Lawrence_Conroy"/>
<xref type="person" data="Richard_Stastny"/>
</requesters>
<additionalinfo>
<paragraph>
Note that MMS can be used as an alternative to
deliver an SMS RP-DATA RPDU if, for example, the
SMS bearer is not supported. If an entry includes
this Enumservice, then in effect this can be taken
as implying that the recipient is capable of
receiving EMS or SMS messages at this address. Such
choices on the end system design do have two small
caveats; whilst in practice all terminals supporting
MMS today support SMS as well, it might not
necessarily be the case in the future, and there may
be tariff differences in using the MMS rather than
using the SMS or EMS.
</paragraph>
</additionalinfo>
</record>

4.29. voice:tel

<record>

<!-- voice:tel -->
<class>Application-Based, Common</class>
<type>voice</type>
<subtype>tel</subtype>
<urischeme>tel</urischeme>
<functionalspec>
<paragraph>
The kind of communication indicated by this
Enumservice is "Interactive Voice". From a protocol
perspective, this communication is expected to
involve bidirectional media streams carrying audio
data.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
A client may imply that the person controlling
population of a NAPTR holding this Enumservice
indicates their capability to engage in an
interactive voice session when contacted using the
URI generated by this NAPTR.
</paragraph>
</functionalspec>
<security>
See <xref type="rfc" data="rfc4415"/>, Section 5.
</security>
<usage>COMMON</usage>
<registrationdocs>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc4415"/> (updated by RFC 6118)
<xref type="rfc" data="RFC 6118"/>
</registrationdocs>
<requesters>
<xref type="person" data="Rudolf_Brandner"/>
<xref type="person" data="Lawrence_Conroy"/>
<xref type="person" data="Richard_Stastny"/>
</requesters>
<additionalinfo>
<paragraph>
This Enumservice indicates that the person
responsible for the NAPTR is accessible via the PSTN
(Public Switched Telephone Network) or PLMN (Public
Land Mobile Network) using the value of the
generated URI.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>The kind of subsystem required to initiate a
Voice Enumservice with this Subtype is a "Dialler".
This is a subsystem that either provides a local
connection to the PSTN or PLMN, or that provides an
indirect connection to those networks. The
subsystem will use the telephone number held in the
generated URI to place a voice call. The voice call
is placed to a network that uses E.164 numbers to
route calls to an appropriate destination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
Note that the PSTN/PLMN connection may be
indirect. The end user receiving this NAPTR may
have a relationship with a Communications Service
Provider that accepts call initiation requests from
that subsystem using an IP-based protocol such as
SIP or H.323, and places the call to the PSTN using
a remote gateway service. In this case, the Provider
may either accept requests using "tel:" URIs or has
a defined mechanism to convert "tel:" URI values
into a "protocol-native" form.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
The "tel:" URI value SHOULD be fully qualified
(using the "global phone number" form of RFC 3966
[10]). A "local phone number" as defined in that
document SHOULD NOT be used unless the controller of
the zone in which the NAPTR appears is sure that it
can be distinguished unambiguously by all clients
that can access the resource record and that a call
from their network access points can be routed to
that destination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
References are contained in <xref type="rfc" data="rfc4415"/>.
</paragraph>
</additionalinfo>
</record>

4.30. voicemsg:http

<record>
<!-- voicemsg:http -->
<class>Application-Based, Common</class>
<type>voicemsg</type>
<subtype>http</subtype>
<urischeme>http</urischeme>
<functionalspec>
<paragraph>
This Enumservice indicates that the resource identified by
the associated URI scheme is capable of being a source of
information.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
Note that the kind of information retrieved can be manifold.
Usually, contacting a resource by an 'http:' [11] URI
provides a document. This document can contain references
that will trigger the download of many different kinds of
information, such as text, audio, video, executable code, or
even voice message files. Thus, one cannot be more specific
about the kind of information expected when contacting the
resource.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
References are contained in <xref type="rfc" data="rfc5278"/>.
</paragraph>
</functionalspec>
<security>
See <xref type="rfc" data="rfc5278"/>, Section 3.
</security>
<usage>COMMON</usage>
<registrationdocs>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc5278"/> (updated by RFC 6118)
<xref type="rfc" data="RFC 6118"/>
</registrationdocs>
<requesters>
<xref type="person" data="Jason_Livingood"/>
<xref type="person" data="Don_Troshynski"/>
</requesters>
<additionalinfo>
<paragraph>
Implementers should review a non-exclusive list of examples
in Section 7 of <xref type="rfc" data="rfc5278"/>.
</paragraph>
</additionalinfo>
</record>

4.31. voicemsg:https

<record>
<!-- voicemsg:https -->
<class>Application-Based, Common</class>
<type>voicemsg</type>
<subtype>https</subtype>
<urischeme>https</urischeme>
<functionalspec>
<paragraph>
This Enumservice indicates that the resource identified by
the associated URI scheme is capable of being a source of
information, which can be contacted using TLS or the Secure
Socket Layer protocol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
Note that the kind of information retrieved can be manifold.
Usually, contacting a resource by an 'https:' [12] URI
provides a document. This document can contain references
that will trigger the download of many different kinds of
information, such as text, audio, video, executable code, or
even voice message files. Thus, one cannot be more specific
about the kind of information expected when contacting the
resource.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
References are contained in <xref type="rfc" data="rfc5278"/>.
</paragraph>
</functionalspec>
<security>
See <xref type="rfc" data="rfc5278"/>, Section 3.
</security>
<usage>COMMON</usage>
<registrationdocs>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc5278"/> (updated by RFC 6118)
<xref type="rfc" data="RFC 6118"/>
</registrationdocs>
<requesters>
<xref type="person" data="Jason_Livingood"/>
<xref type="person" data="Don_Troshynski"/>
</requesters>
<additionalinfo>
<paragraph>
Implementers should review a non-exclusive list of examples
in Section 7 of <xref type="rfc" data="rfc5278"/>.
</paragraph>
</additionalinfo>
</record>

4.35. vpim:ldap

<record>
<!-- vpim:ldap -->
<class>Data Type-Based</class>
<type>vpim</type>
<subtype>ldap</subtype>
<urischeme>ldap</urischeme>
<functionalspec>
See <xref type="rfc" data="rfc4238"/>, Section 3.2 - 3.3.
</functionalspec>
<security>
<paragraph>
Malicious Redirection:
One of the fundamental dangers related to any
service such as this is that a malicious entry in a
resolver's database will cause clients to resolve
the E.164 into the wrong LDAP URI. The possible
intent may be to cause the client to connect to a
rogue LDAP server and retrieve (or fail to retrieve)
a resource containing fraudulent or damaging
information.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
Denial of Service:
By removing the URI to which the E.164 maps, a
malicious intruder may remove the client's ability
to access the LDAP directory server.
</paragraph>
</security>
<usage>COMMON</usage>
<registrationdocs>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc4238"/> (updated by RFC 6118)
<xref type="rfc" data="RFC 6118"/>
</registrationdocs>
<requesters>
<xref type="person" data="Greg_Vaudreuil"/>
</requesters>
</record>

4.36. vpim:mailto

<record>

<!-- vpim:mailto -->
<class>Data Type-Based</class>
<type>vpim</type>
<subtype>mailto</subtype>
<urischeme>mailto</urischeme>
<functionalspec>
See <xref type="rfc" data="rfc4238"/>, Section 4.2 - 4.4.
</functionalspec>
<security>
<paragraph>
Malicious Redirection:
One of the fundamental dangers related to any
service such as this is that a malicious entry in a
resolver's database will cause clients to resolve
the E.164 into the wrong email URI. The possible
intent may be to cause the client to send the
information to an incorrect destination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
Denial of Service:
By removing the URI to which the E.164 maps, a
malicious intruder may remove the client's ability
to access the resource.
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
Unsolicited Bulk Email:
The exposure of email addresses through the ENUM
service provides a bulk mailer access to large
numbers of email addresses where only the telephone
number was previously known.
</paragraph>
</security>
<usage>COMMON</usage>
<registrationdocs>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc4238"/> (updated by RFC 6118)
<xref type="rfc" data="RFC 6118"/>
</registrationdocs>
<requesters>
<xref type="person" data="Greg_Vaudreuil"/>
</requesters>
<additionalinfo>
<paragraph>
Error Conditions:
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
E.164 number not in the numbering plan
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
E.164 number in the numbering plan, but no
URIs exist for that number
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
E2U+vpim:mailto Service unavailable of email
addresses where only the telephone number was
previously known.
</paragraph>
</additionalinfo>
</record>

4.37. web:http

<record>
<!-- web:http -->
<class>Application-Based, Common</class>
<type>web</type>
<subtype>http</subtype>
<urischeme>http</urischeme>
<functionalspec>
<paragraph>
This Enumservice indicates that the resource
identified by the associated URI is capable
of being a source of information. It has to be
noted that the kind of information retrieved can be
manifold. Usually, contacting a resource by an
"http:" URI provides a document. This document can
contain references that will trigger download of
many different kinds of information, like audio or
video or executable code. Thus, one cannot be more
specific about the kind of information that can be
expected when contacting the resource.
</paragraph>
</functionalspec>
<security>
See <xref type="rfc" data="rfc4002"/>, Section 5.
</security>
<usage>COMMON</usage>
<registrationdocs>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc4002"/> (updated by RFC 6118)
<xref type="rfc" data="RFC 6118"/>
</registrationdocs>
<requesters>
<xref type="person" data="Rudolf_Brandner"/>
<xref type="person" data="Lawrence_Conroy"/>
<xref type="person" data="Richard_Stastny"/>
</requesters>
</record>

4.38. web:https

<record>
<!-- web:https -->
<class>Application-Based, Common</class>
<type>web</type>
<subtype>https</subtype>
<urischeme>https</urischeme>
<functionalspec>
<paragraph>
This Enumservice indicates that the resource
identified by the associated URI is capable
of being a source of information, which can be
contacted by using TLS or the Secure Socket Layer
protocol. It has to be noted that the kind of
information retrieved can be manifold. Usually,
contacting a resource by an "https:" URI provides a
document. This document can contain all different
kinds of information, like audio or video or
executable code. Thus, one cannot be more specific
what information to expect when contacting the
resource.
</paragraph>
</functionalspec>
<security>
See <xref type="rfc" data="rfc4002"/>, Section 5.
</security>
<usage>COMMON</usage>
<registrationdocs>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc4002"/> (updated by RFC 6118)
<xref type="rfc" data="RFC 6118"/>
</registrationdocs>
<requesters>
<xref type="person" data="Rudolf_Brandner"/>
<xref type="person" data="Lawrence_Conroy"/>
<xref type="person" data="Richard_Stastny"/>
</requesters>
</record>

5. IANA Considerations

6. Security Considerations

Since this document does not introduce any technology or protocol,
there are no security issues to be considered for this document
itself.

7. Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the following people who have
provided feedback or significant contributions to the development of
this document: Jari Arkko, Scott Bradner, Gonzalo Camarillo, Alfred
Hoenes, Ari Keranen, and Alexey Melnikov.

Type: "web"
Subtype: "http"
URI Scheme: 'http:'
Functional Specification:
This ENUMservice indicates that the resource identified by the
associated URI scheme is capable of being a source of
information. It has to be noted that the kind of information
retrieved can be manifold. Usually, contacting a resource by an
'http:' URI provides a document. This document can contain
references that will trigger download of many different kinds
of information, like audio or video or executable code. Thus,
one can not be more specific about the kind of information that
can be expected when contacting the resource.
Security Considerations:
See section 5 of [RFC4002].
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Rudolf Brandner (rudolf.brandner&siemens.com)
Lawrence Conroy (lwc&roke.co.uk)
Richard Stastny (richard.stastny&oefeg.at)
Any other information the author deems interesting: None
[RFC4002]

Service Name: "web"

Type: "web"
Subtype: "https"
URI Scheme: 'https:'
Functional Specification:
This ENUMservice indicates that the resource identified by the
associated URI scheme is capable of being a source of
information, which can be contacted by using TLS or Secure
Socket Layer protocol. It has to be noted that the kind of
information retrieved can be manifold. Usually, contacting a
resource by an 'https:' URI provides a document. This document
can contain all different kind of information, like audio or
video or executable code. Thus, one can not be more specific
what information to expect when contacting the resource.
Security Considerations:
See section 5 of [RFC4002].
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Rudolf Brandner (rudolf.brandner&siemens.com)
Lawrence Conroy (lwc&roke.co.uk)
Richard Stastny (richard.stastny&oefeg.at)
Any other information the author deems interesting: None
[RFC4002]

Service Name: "ft"

Type: "ft"
Subtype: "ftp"
URI Scheme: 'ftp:'
Functional Specification:
This ENUMservice indicates that the resource identified by the
associated URI scheme is a file service from which a file or
file listing can be retrieved.
Security Considerations:
See section 5 of [RFC4002].
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Rudolf Brandner (rudolf.brandner&siemens.com)
Lawrence Conroy (lwc&roke.co.uk)
Richard Stastny (richard.stastny&oefeg.at)
Any other information the author deems interesting: None
[RFC4002]

Enumservice Type: "fax"
Enumservice Subtype: "tel"
URI Scheme: 'tel:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the resource identified by the
associated URI scheme is capable of being contacted to provide
a communication session during which facsimile documents can be
sent.
A client selecting this NAPTR will have support for generating
and sending facsimile documents to the recipient using the PSTN
session and transfer protocols specified in [12] and [13] in
[RFC4355] - in short, they will have a fax
program with a local or shared PSTN access over which they can
send faxes.
Security Considerations:
See Section 6 of [RFC4355]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Rudolf Brandner, Lawrence Conroy, Richard Stastny (for author
contact detail see [RFC4355])
Any other information the author deems interesting:
None

Enumservice Name: "sms"

Enumservice Type: "sms"
Enumservice Subtypes: "tel"
URI Scheme: 'tel:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the resource identified by the
associated URI scheme is capable of receiving a message using
the Short Message Service (SMS) [14] in [RFC4355].
Security Considerations:
There are no specific security issues with this Enumservice.
However, the general considerations of Section 6 apply.
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Rudolf Brandner, Lawrence Conroy, Richard Stastny (for author
contact detail see [RFC4355])
Any other information the author deems interesting:
None

Enumservice Name: "sms"

Enumservice Type: "sms"
Enumservice Subtypes: "mailto"
URI Scheme: 'mailto:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the resource identified by the
associated URI scheme is capable of receiving a message using
an email protocol.
SMS content is sent over SMTP using the format specified by TS
23.140 [15] section 8.4.4 and TS 26.140 [16] section 4 (for
references see [RFC4355]), as an MMS message. Within such a
message, SMS content is carried as either a text or
application/octet-stream MIME sub-part (see TS 26.140 [16] ,
section 4.1)
For references see [RFC4355].
Security Considerations:
There are no specific security issues with this Enumservice.
However, the general considerations of Section 6 apply, see
[RFC4355].
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Rudolf Brandner, Lawrence Conroy, Richard Stastny (for author
contact detail see [RFC4355])
Any other information the author deems interesting:
None

Enumservice Name: "ems"

Enumservice Type: "ems"
Enumservice Subtype: "tel"
URI Scheme: 'tel:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the resource identified by the
associated URI scheme is capable of receiving a message using
the Enhanced Message Service (EMS) [14] (For reference see
[RFC4355]).
Security Considerations:
There are no specific security issues with this Enumservice.
However, the general considerations of Section 6 apply.
See [RFC4355]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Rudolf Brandner, Lawrence Conroy, Richard Stastny (for author
contact detail see [RFC4355])
Any other information the author deems interesting:
Note that an indication of EMS can be taken as implying that
the recipient is capable of receiving SMS messages at this
address as well.

Enumservice Name: "ems"

Enumservice Type: "ems"
Enumservice Subtypes: "mailto"
URI Scheme: 'mailto:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the resource identified by the
associated URI scheme is capable of receiving a message using
an email protocol.
EMS content is sent over SMTP using the format specified by TS
23.140 [15] section 8.4.4 and TS 26.140 [16] section 4, as an
MMS message. Within such a message, EMS content is carried as
either a text or application/octet-stream MIME sub-part (see
TS 26.140 [16] , section 4.1).
For references see [RFC4355]
Security Considerations:
There are no specific security issues with this Enumservice.
However, the general considerations of Section 6 of [RFC4355]
apply.
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Rudolf Brandner, Lawrence Conroy, Richard Stastny (for author
contact detail see [RFC4355])
Any other information the author deems interesting:
None

Enumservice Name: "mms"

Enumservice Type: "mms"
Enumservice Subtype: "tel"
URI Scheme: 'tel:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the resource identified by the
associated URI scheme is capable of receiving a message using
the Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) [15].
For references see [RFC4355]
Security Considerations:
There are no specific security issues with this Enumservice.
However, the general considerations of Section 6 of [RFC4355]
apply.
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Rudolf Brandner, Lawrence Conroy, Richard Stastny (for author
contact detail see [RFC4355])
Any other information the author deems interesting:
Note that MMS can be used as an alternative to deliver an SMS
RP-DATA RPDU if, for example, the SMS bearer is not supported.
If an entry includes this Enumservice, then in effect this can
be taken as implying that the recipient is capable of receiving
EMS or SMS messages at this address. Such choices on the end
system design do have two small caveats; whilst in practice all
terminals supporting MMS today support SMS as well, it might
not necessarily be the case in the future, and there may be
tariff differences in using the MMS rather than using the SMS
or EMS.

This Enumservice indicates that the resource identified by the
associated URI scheme is capable of receiving a message using
an email protocol.
MMS messages are sent over SMTP using the format specified by
TS 23.140 [15] section 8.4.4 and TS 26.140 [16] section 4.
Within and between MMS Environments (MMSE, network
infrastructures that support the MultiMedia Service), other
pieces of state data (for example, charging-significant
information) are exchanged between MMS Relay Servers. Thus,
although these servers use SMTP as the "bearer" for their
application exchanges, they map their internal state to
specialised headers carried in the SMTP message exchanges.
The headers used in such MMSE are described in detail in [17].
For references see [RFC4355]

Security Considerations:
There are no specific security issues with this Enumservice.
However, the general considerations of Section 6 of [RFC4355]
apply.
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Rudolf Brandner, Lawrence Conroy, Richard Stastny (for author
contact detail see [RFC4355])
Any other information the author deems interesting:
The MMS Architecture describes an interface between the MMSE and
"legacy messaging systems" (labelled as MM3) which accepts
"standard" SMTP messages. Thus although the MMS Relay Server
that supports this interface appears as a standard SMTP server
from the perspective of an Internet-based mail server, it acts
as a gateway and translator, adding the internal state data that
is used within and between the MMS Environments. This mechanism
is described in [17], which also includes references to the
specifications agreed by those bodies responsible for the design
of the MMS.
Service Name: E.164 to VPIM MailTo: URL
URI Type: "Mailto:"
Type: VPIM
Subtype: MAILTO
Functional Specification: See section 4.2 through 4.4 of [RFC4238]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Author: Greg Vaudreuil (gregv&ieee.org)
Error Conditions:
o E.164 number not in the numbering plan
o E.164 number in the numbering plan, but no URLs exist for that
number
o E2U+VPIM:Mailto Service unavailable
Security Considerations:
o Malicious Redirection
One of the fundamental dangers related to any service such as
this is that a malicious entry in a resolver's database will
cause clients to resolve the E.164 into the wrong email URL.
The possible intent may be to cause the client to send the
information to an incorrect destination.
o Denial of Service
By removing the URL to which the E.164 maps, a malicious
intruder may remove the client's ability to access the
resource.
o Unsolicited Bulk Email
The exposure of email addresses through the ENUM
service provides a bulk mailer access to large numbers
of email addresses where only the telephone number was
previously known.

o Malicious Redirection
One of the fundamental dangers related to any service
such as this is that a malicious entry in a resolver's
database will cause clients to resolve the E.164 into
the wrong LDAP URL. The possible intent may be to cause
the client to connect to a rogue LDAP server and
retrieve (or fail to retrieve) a resource containing
fraudulent or damaging information.
o Denial of Service
By removing the URL to which the E.164 maps, a
malicious intruder may remove the client's ability to
access the LDAP directory server.

Enumservice Name: "voice"

Enumservice Type: "voice"
Enumservice Subtype: "tel"
URI Scheme: 'tel:'
Functional Specification:
The kind of communication indicated by this Enumservice is
"Interactive Voice". From a protocol perspective, this
communication is expected to involve bidirectional media streams
carrying audio data.
A client may imply that the person controlling population of a
NAPTR holding this Enumservice indicates their capability to
engage in an interactive voice session when contacted using the
URI generated by this NAPTR.
Security Considerations:
See Section 5 of [RFC4415]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors: Rudolf Brandner, Lawrence Conroy, Richard Stastny (for
author contact detail see Authors' Addresses section)
Any other information the author deems interesting:
o This Enumservice indicates that the person responsible for the
NAPTR is accessible via the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone
Network) or PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) using the value of
the generated URI.
o The kind of subsystem required to initiate a Voice Enumservice
with this sub-type is a "Dialler". This is a subsystem that
either provides a local connection to the PSTN or PLMN, or that
provides an indirect connection to those networks. The
subsystem will use the telephone number held in the generated
URI to place a voice call. The voice call is placed to a
network that uses E.164 numbers to route calls to an appropriate
destination.
o Note that the PSTN/PLMN connection may be indirect. The end
user receiving this NAPTR may have a relationship with a
Communications Service Provider that accepts call initiation
requests from that subsystem using an IP-based protocol such as
SIP or H.323, and places the call to the PSTN using a remote
gateway service. In this case the Provider may either accept
requests using "tel:" URIs or has a defined mechanism to convert
"tel:" URI values into a "protocol-native" form.
o The "tel:" URI value SHOULD be fully qualified (using the
"global phone number" form of RFC3966 [10]). A "local phone
number" as defined in that document SHOULD NOT be used unless
the controller of the zone in which the NAPTR appears is sure
that it can be distinguished unambiguously by all clients that
can access the resource record and that a call from their
network access points can be routed to that destination.

Enumservice Name: "pstn"

Enumservice Type: "pstn"
Enumservice Subtype: "tel"
URI Scheme: 'tel:'
Functional Specification:
These Enumservices indicate that the remote resource identified
can be addressed by the associated URI scheme in order to
initiate a telecommunication session, which may include two-way
voice or other communications, to the PSTN. These URIs may
contain number portability data as specified in RFC 4694 [10].
Security Considerations: See Section 7 of [RFC4769].
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Jason Livingood (jason_livingood&cable.comcast.com)
Richard Shockey (richard.shockey&neustar.biz)
Any other information the author deems interesting:
A Number Portability Dip Indicator (npdi) should be used in
practice (see examples below in Section 4 of [RFC4769]).

Enumservice Name: "pstn"

Enumservice Type: "pstn"
Enumservice Subtype: "sip"
URI Scheme: 'sip:'
Functional Specification:
These Enumservices indicate that the remote resource identified
can be addressed by the associated URI scheme in order to
initiate a telecommunication session, which may include two-way
voice or other communications, to the PSTN.
Security Considerations: See Section 7 of [RFC4769].
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Jason Livingood (jason_livingood&cable.comcast.com)
Richard Shockey (richard.shockey&neustar.biz)
Any other information the author deems interesting:
A Number Portability Dip Indicator (npdi) should be used in
practice (see examples below in Section 4 of [RFC4769]).

Enumservice Name: "vCard"

Enumservice Name: "vCard"
Enumservice Type: "vcard"
Enumservice Subtype: n/a
URI Schemes: "http", "https"
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the resource identified is a
plain vCard, according to RFC 2426, which may be accessed using
HTTP/ HTTPS [7].
Clients fetching the vCard from the resource indicated should
expect access to be restricted. Additionally, the comprehension
of the data provided may vary depending on the client's
identity.
Security Considerations: see Section 5 [RFC4969]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Author: Alexander Mayrhofer <alexander.mayrhofer&enum.at>

Enumservice Type: "im"
Enumservice Subtypes: N/A
URI scheme(s): "im:"
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the resource identified
is an 'im:' URI. The 'im:' URI scheme does not identify
any particular protocol that will be used to handle
instant messaging receipt or delivery, rather the mechanism
in RFC 3861 [4] is used to discover whether an IM protocol
supported by the party querying ENUM is also supported by
the target resource.
Security considerations: See section 3 of [RFC5028]
Intended usage: COMMON
Author: Rohan Mahy (rohan&ekabal.com)

Enumservice Name: "voicemsg"

Enumservice Type: "voicemsg"
Enumservice Subtypes: "sip"
URI Schemes: 'sip:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the remote resource identified
can be addressed by the associated URI scheme in order to
initiate a voice communication session to a voice messaging
system.
Security Considerations: See Section 3 of [RFC5278]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Jason Livingood (jason_livingood&cable.comcast.com)
Don Troshynski (dtroshynski&acmepacket.com)
Any other information the author deems interesting:
Implementers should review a non-exclusive list of examples
below in Section 7 of [RFC5278]

Implementers should review a non-exclusive list of examples
below in Section 7 of [RFC5278]

Enumservice Name: "voicemsg"

Enumservice Type: "voicemsg"
Enumservice Subtype: "tel"
URI Schemes: 'tel:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the remote resource identified
can be addressed by the associated URI scheme in order to
initiate a voice communication session to a voice messaging
system.
Security Considerations: See Section 3 of [RFC5278]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Jason Livingood (jason_livingood&cable.comcast.com)
Don Troshynski (dtroshynski&acmepacket.com)
Any other information the author deems interesting:
Implementers should review a non-exclusive list of examples
below in Section 7 of [RFC5278]

Enumservice Name: "voicemsg"

Enumservice Type: "voicemsg"
Enumservice Subtype: "http"
URI Schemes: 'http:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the remote resource identified
by the associated URI scheme is capable of being a source of
information.
Note that the kind of information retrieved can be manifold.
Usually, contacting a resource by an 'http:' [11] URI provides a
document. This document can contain references that will trigger
the download of many different kinds of information, such as
text, audio, video, executable code, or even voice message
files. Thus, one cannot be more specific about the kind of
information expected when contacting the resource.
Security Considerations: See Section 3 of [RFC5278]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Jason Livingood (jason_livingood&cable.comcast.com)
Don Troshynski (dtroshynski&acmepacket.com)
Any other information the author deems interesting:
Implementers should review a non-exclusive list of examples
below in Section 7 of [RFC5278]

Enumservice Name: "voicemsg"

Enumservice Type: "voicemsg"
Enumservice Subtype: "https"
URI Schemes: 'https:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the remote resource identified
by the associated URI scheme is capable of being a source of
information, which can be contacted using TLS or the Secure
Socket Layer protocol.
Note that the kind of information retrieved can be manifold.
Usually, contacting a resource by an 'https:' [12] URI provides
a document. This document can contain references that will
trigger the download of many different kinds of information,
such as text, audio, video, executable code, or even voice
message files. Thus, one cannot be more specific about the kind
of information expected when contacting the resource.
Security Considerations: See Section 3 of [RFC5278]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Jason Livingood (jason_livingood&cable.comcast.com)
Don Troshynski (dtroshynski&acmepacket.com)
Any other information the author deems interesting:
Implementers should review a non-exclusive list of examples
below in Section 7 of [RFC5278]

Enumservice Name: "videomsg"

Enumservice Type: "videomsg"
Enumservice Subtypes: "sip"
URI Schemes: 'sip:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the remote resource identified
can be addressed by the associated URI scheme in order to
initiate a video communication session to a video messaging
system.
Security Considerations: See Section 3 of [RFC5278]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Jason Livingood (jason_livingood&cable.comcast.com)
Don Troshynski (dtroshynski&acmepacket.com)
Any other information the author deems interesting:
Implementers should review a non-exclusive list of examples
below in Section 7 of [RFC5278]

Enumservice Name: "videomsg"

Enumservice Type: "videomsg"
Enumservice Subtypes: "sips"
URI Schemes: 'sips:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the remote resource identified
can be addressed by the associated URI scheme in order to
initiate a video communication session to a video messaging
system.
Security Considerations: See Section 3 of [RFC5278]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Jason Livingood (jason_livingood&cable.comcast.com)
Don Troshynski (dtroshynski&acmepacket.com)
Any other information the author deems interesting:
Implementers should review a non-exclusive list of examples
below in Section 7 of [RFC5278]

Enumservice Name: "videomsg"

Enumservice Type: "videomsg"
Enumservice Subtype: "http"
URI Schemes: 'http:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the remote resource identified
by the associated URI scheme is capable of being a source of
information.
Note that the kind of information retrieved can be manifold.
Usually, contacting a resource by an 'http:' [11] URI provides a
document. This document can contain references that will trigger
the download of many different kinds of information, such as
text, audio, video, executable code, or even video message
files. Thus, one cannot be more specific about the kind of
information expected when contacting the resource.
Security Considerations: See Section 3 of [RFC5278]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Jason Livingood (jason_livingood&cable.comcast.com)
Don Troshynski (dtroshynski&acmepacket.com)
Any other information the author deems interesting:
Implementers should review a non-exclusive list of examples
below in Section 7 of [RFC5278]

Enumservice Name: "videomsg"

Enumservice Type: "videomsg"
Enumservice Subtype: "https"
URI Schemes: 'https:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the remote resource identified
by the associated URI scheme is capable of being a source of
information, which can be contacted using TLS or the Secure
Socket Layer protocol.
Note that the kind of information retrieved can be manifold.
Usually, contacting a resource by an 'https:' [12] URI provides
a document. This document can contain references that will
trigger the download of many different kinds of information,
such as text, audio, video, executable code, or even video
message files. Thus, one cannot be more specific about the kind
of information expected when contacting the resource.
Security Considerations: See Section 3 of [RFC5278]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Jason Livingood (jason_livingood&cable.comcast.com)
Don Troshynski (dtroshynski&acmepacket.com)
Any other information the author deems interesting:
Implementers should review a non-exclusive list of examples
below in Section 7 of [RFC5278]

Enumservice Name: "unifmsg"

Enumservice Type: "unifmsg"
Enumservice Subtypes: "sip"
URI Schemes: 'sip:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the remote resource identified
can be addressed by the associated URI scheme in order to
initiate a unified communication session to a unified messaging
system.
Security Considerations: See Section 3 of [RFC5278]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Jason Livingood (jason_livingood&cable.comcast.com)
Don Troshynski (dtroshynski&acmepacket.com)
Any other information the author deems interesting:
Implementers should review a non-exclusive list of examples
below in Section 7 of [RFC5278]

Enumservice Name: "unifmsg"

Enumservice Type: "unifmsg"
Enumservice Subtypes: "sips"
URI Schemes: 'sips:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the remote resource identified
can be addressed by the associated URI scheme in order to
initiate a unified communication session to a unified messaging
system.
Security Considerations: See Section 3 of [RFC5278]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Jason Livingood (jason_livingood&cable.comcast.com)
Any other information the author deems interesting:
Implementers should review a non-exclusive list of examples
below in Section 7 of [RFC5278]

Enumservice Name: "unifmsg"

Enumservice Type: "unifmsg"
Enumservice Subtype: "http"
URI Schemes: 'http:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the remote resource identified
by the associated URI scheme is capable of being a source of
information.
Note that the kind of information retrieved can be manifold.
Usually, contacting a resource by an 'http:' [11] URI provides a
document. This document can contain references that will trigger
the download of many different kinds of information, such as
text, audio, video, executable code, or even video message
files. Thus, one cannot be more specific about the kind of
information expected when contacting the resource.
Security Considerations: See Section 3 of [RFC5278]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Jason Livingood (jason_livingood&cable.comcast.com)
Don Troshynski (dtroshynski&acmepacket.com)
Any other information the author deems interesting:
Implementers should review a non-exclusive list of examples
below in Section 7 of [RFC5278]

Enumservice Name: "unifmsg"

Enumservice Type: "unifmsg"
Enumservice Subtype: "https"
URI Schemes: 'https:'
Functional Specification:
This Enumservice indicates that the remote resource identified
by the associated URI scheme is capable of being a source of
information, which can be contacted using TLS or the Secure
Socket Layer protocol.
Note that the kind of information retrieved can be manifold.
Usually, contacting a resource by an 'https:' [12] URI provides
a document. This document can contain references that will
trigger the download of many different kinds of information,
such as text, audio, video, executable code, or even video
message files. Thus, one cannot be more specific about the kind
of information expected when contacting the resource.
Security Considerations: See Section 3 of [RFC5278]
Intended Usage: COMMON
Authors:
Jason Livingood (jason_livingood&cable.comcast.com)
Don Troshynski (dtroshynski&acmepacket.com)
Any other information the author deems interesting:
Implementers should review a non-exclusive list of examples
below in Section 7 of [RFC5278]