Carbon monoxide(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 282

Carbon monoxide in the blood is called _______.

Carboxyhemoglobin(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 282

4

Acute poisoning of carbon monoxide produces this characteristic color of the skin and mucous membranes.

Cherry red color(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 283

5

Microcytic, hypochromic anemia, with basophilic stippling of erythrocytes, peripheral demyelinating neuropathy which manifests as footdrop and wristdrop, colic characterized by extremely severe, poorly localized abdominal pain, and chronic renal damage are the features of poisoning with this heavy metal.

Lead(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 283

6

Main source of exposure to this heavy metal are contamintaed fish and dental amalgams, causing tremor, gingivitis and bizarre behavior.

Mercury(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 285

7

Consumption of fish contaminated with methyl mercury causing cerebral palsy, deafness, blindness, and major CNS defects in children exposed in utero.

Minamata disease(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 285

8

Antidote for mercury poisoning.

Thimerosal(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 285

9

Chronic exposure with this heavy metal results in hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis which may develop into basal or squamous cell carcinomas.

Arsenic(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 285

10

This heavy metal is used mainly in batteries and fertilizers, which can contaminate soil. Can cause obstructive lung disease and kidney damage.

Cadmium(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 285

11

Disease caused by cadmium in Japan, presenting as a combination of osteoporosis and osteomalacia, associated with renal disease.

Itai-itai disease(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 285

12

May be released from combustion of fossil fuels, burning of coal and gas, and also present in tar and soot. Among the most potent carcinogens, implicated in lung and bladder cancer.

Heat stroke(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 299

Two types of injuries caused by electricity.

This may injure cells directly or indirectly by generating free radicals from water or molecular oxygen, damages DNA and rapidly dividing cells. Exposure may predispose to neoplastic transformation, vascular damage, sclerosis and tissue fibrosis.

The most important catalyst of phase I reactions; detoxify xenobiotics

A 55 y/o male presented to the ER following a house fire. He was lethargic, tachycardic, tachypneic and displayed memory disturbance. Skin was noted to be cherry red. What is the most likely cause?

Carbon monoxide poisoning (TOPNOTCH)

66

A 5 y/o boy presented to the clinic due to hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Hearing acuity was below normal, and speech and language were slightly delayed. History reveals that the boy lives in an old house in the community. PBS showed hypochromia and microcytosis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Hormone synthesized by fat cells which regulates food intake an energy expenditure. Its binding to its receptors in the hypothalamus increases energy consumption by stimulating POMC/CART neurons.

Leptin(TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 448

Aflatoxin is implicated in what type of cancer?

True or False. High animal intake and low fiber has been imlicated in colon cancer.

True (TOPNOTCH)

87

Lead has a more damaging effect on the brains of children than in adults because of (A) a more permeable blood-brain barrier (B) immature lenticular nuclei (C) less microglia and astrocytes(D) greater proportion of fetal hemoglobin in the blood

Chronic exposure to arsenic is associated with the development of the following malignancies EXCEPT (A) squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (B) mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands (C) lung carcinoma (D) basal cell carcinoma

Exposure to vinyl chloride has been found to cause (A) multiple uterine leiomyomas (B) hepatic angiosarcoma (C) squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (D) transitional carcinoma of the bladder

hepatic angiosarcoma (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 287

90

Tobacco smoke, when combined with this, is known to have a multiplicative effect on the risk of developing laryngeal cancer (A) alcohol (B) diet rich in animal fat (C) dietary nitrates (D) oral sex

alcohol (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 289

91

Progestin is added to estrogen in hormone replacement therapy for menopausal women to reduce the risk of (A) breast cancer (B) endometrial cancer (C) thromboembolism (D) all of the above

endometrial cancer (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 293

92

During a routine ultrasound, a 38 year old G1P0 was found to have a solitary, 4 cm diameter, hepatic mass in the right lobe, beneath the capsule. She has a history of regular oral contraceptive use since 18 years old, and stopped 1 year ago. She has never been infected by HBV or HCV. She does not drink alcohol. If the mass is excised, it would most likely show (A) benign-looking hepatocytes in cords and sheets, absent portal tracts, and prominent blood vessels (B) proliferation of endothelial cells some containing lumens with RBCs (C) portal tracts with chronic inflammation and bile duct proliferation (D) pleomorphic cells, bizarre giant cells, atypical mitoses, and necrosis

A 65 year old man has been regularly taking aspirin and acetaminophen for 20 years. This predisposes him to developing (A) chronic interstitial nephritis (B) renal papillary necrosis (C) transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis (D) all of the above

An 4 year old orphan boy with a scar on his forehead was found locked in a small room under the stairs by his abusive uncle and aunt. He has been kept there and fed crackers and milk since he was 1 year old. He has a squared appearance of the head, a pigeon breast deformity, lumbar lordosis, and bowing of the legs. These physical findings are due to deficiency of (A) calcium (B) vitamin A (C) vitamin C (D) vitamin D