This thesis argues that among early-twentieth century Austro-German nationalists in Bohemia, the national and supranational “realities” were not separate, but concurrent. Because the Habsburgs’ supporters in Vienna relied almost exclusively on a constructed image of Francis Joseph to create and promote a feeling of Austrianness among the state’s diverse citizenry, Bohemian German nationalists who were loyal to the Habsburg monarch could manipulate the imperial conception of Austrianness to promote their own nationalist conception of it that centered on the necessity and supremacy of Austria’s Germans. The analysis is based on four Bohemian German newspapers and, specifically, their coverage and commentaries about Emperor Francis Joseph and events about him during 1908, the year of the sixtieth anniversary of his reign.