Section 2: Movements of the Moon - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Section 2: Movements of the Moon. Preview Key Ideas The Earth-Moon System Eclipses Phases of the Moon Lunar Phases Tides on Earth. Key Ideas. Describe the shape of the moon’s orbit around Earth. Explain why eclipses occur. Describe the appearance of four phases of the moon.

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During a total solar eclipse, the sunlight that is not eclipsed by the moon shows the normally invisible outer layers of the sun’s atmosphere.

This causes what is known as the diamond-ring effect, because the sunlight often glistens like the diamond on a ring.

If the moon is at or near apogee during a solar eclipse, the moon’s umbra does not reach Earth. This causes an “annular eclipse” in which a thin ring of sunlight is visible around the outer edge of the moon.

The brightness of this ring prevents observers from seeing the outer layers of the sun’s atmosphere.

What is one difference between a total solar eclipse and an annular eclipse?

During a total eclipse, the entire disk of the sun is blocked, and the outer layers of the sun become visible. During an annular eclipse, the disk of the sun is never completely blocked out, so the sun is too bright for observers on earth to see the outer layers of the sun’s atmosphere.

As many as seven eclipses may occur during a calendar year. Four may be lunar, and three may be solar or vise versa.

Total eclipses of the sun and the moon occur infrequently, because the orbit of the moon is not in the same plane as the orbit of Earth around the sun.

Lunar eclipses are visible everywhere on the dark side of Earth.

A total solar eclipse, can be seen only by observers in the path of the moon’s shadow as it moves across Earth’s lighted surface. A partial solar eclipse can be seen for thousands of kilometers on either side of the path of the umbra.

The moon revolves around Earth in 27.3 days, however, the period from one new moon to the next one is 29.5 days.

This difference of 2.2 days is due to the orbiting of the Earth-moon system around the sun.

In the 27.3 days in which the moon orbits Earth, the two bodies move slightly farther along their orbit around the sun. So, the moon must go a little farther to be directly between Earth and the sun. About 2.2 days are needed for the moon to travel this extra distance.

When the lighted part of the moon is larger than a semicircle but the visible part of the moon is shrinking, the phase is called waning gibbous. When only a sliver of the near side is visible, the phase is a waning crescent.