Monday 6 October 2008 19.01 EDT
First published on Monday 6 October 2008 19.01 EDT

Britain will issue a warning today that a lack of leadership in the UN's handling of humanitarian emergencies is "costing lives", and will call for urgent reforms because natural and man-made disasters are increasingly frequent.

In a speech to the UN in Geneva, Gareth Thomas, the international development minister, will say that conflicts, climate change and the scarcity of water and other natural resources, together with rising food prices, have combined to create an accelerating string of crises of unprecedented scale.

"The number of reported disasters over the past 10 years was 60% higher than the previous decade," Thomas will say, according to a text of the speech made available to the Guardian. The humanitarian response, he will argue, has not kept pace.

Thomas will identify the principal problem as a lack of properly trained humanitarian coordinators to oversee disaster relief in crisis-hit countries.

"Of the 42 poor countries most at risk of conflict or natural disaster, one third do not have a humanitarian coordinator. So in some of the worst disasters there is no one on the ground to lead the international response," Thomas will say. "That lack of leadership costs lives."

Speaking to the Guardian yesterday, Thomas said that where there are coordinators, they are often not the right people. "One of the major problems is that many country-based UN humanitarian coordinators don't have the skills or right background to do their jobs," he said.

As an example, Thomas will point to Chad, where he argues "poor coordination meant that drinking water was allocated unfairly and people in desperate need went thirsty".

"This was counter to basic humanitarian principles and is something that cannot happen again," he said yesterday. British and UN officials agree that water distribution among refugees from Darfur and Chadian nationals made homeless by conflict in the region was haphazard and did not adhere to international standards, leaving many without adequate drinking water.

The occasion for the minister's speech will be an executive committee meeting of the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), where there will be guarded support for his arguments in the hall.

A senior UNHCR official said yesterday that "in every single case" the job of UN coordinator in crisis countries was given to the UN official already overseeing development work in that country, even though managing development aid and disaster relief require quite different skills and training.

Thomas will argue today: "Finding the best people for the job will require a more credible, transparent selection process; we need humanitarian agencies, the Red Cross and NGOs [non-governmental organisations] to put forward candidates; we need more candidates from developing countries and more women."

There is less support in the UNHCR leadership for another of Thomas's proposals - for humanitarian aid money to be pooled in affected countries and divided up among aid agencies on the ground.

UNHCR officials say that sharing out money on a national level often leaves refugees at a disadvantage, as by definition they are not citizens of the countries where they have sought shelter.

In a speech yesterday, the head of the UNHCR, António Guterres, said the committee approach to doling out emergency aid often led to too much red tape. "We would like to see further simplification, fewer meetings and more of a focus on results," Guterres said. He added that he had made progress in reforming his agency's top-heavy management structure but admitted there was still a long way to go.

"In UNHCR I have been confronted with the most dysfunctional career management procedures that I have encountered in the whole of my professional and political life," Guterres said. "And the price for this is unfortunately being paid by our staff and by the people we care for."

He also called for greater resources to help deal with the rising number of refugees, but acknowledged that it was a difficult time to ask rich nations for money.