We aren’t here to start a browser war. The right one for you isn’t necessarily the right one for me (personally, I use all of them for this and that) so it would be disingenuous to say that one is absolutely better than the rest.

So forget everything you know about browsers. We’re starting with a clean slate and we’re going to explore the four biggest browsers on the market to see what exactly they offer. This comparison covers the following browser versions:

Microsoft Edge (Build 25.10586.0.0)

Chrome (Build 48.0.2564.103)

Firefox (Build 44.0.20160123151951)

Opera (Build 35.0.2066.35)

Category: User Interface

Generally speaking, most browsers these days have the same overall interface design with a few unique tweaks here and there, so in terms of usability, they’re all perfectly fine — but the little details are what might endear you to one browser or drive you away from another.

Microsoft Edge: Edge’s interface is impressively slick and minimal, borrowing from the flat aesthetic guidelines that make Windows 10 so easily recognizable. There’s no menu bar or status bar. Only the bare essentials are shown and tabs are integrated into the title bar, maximizing screen space while browsing.

Aside from picking between Light and Dark themes and choosing to toggle the Favorites bar, there isn’t much you can do to customize the interface in Edge.

Score: 9/10

Chrome: When Chrome debuted in 2008, its clean interface was one of its biggest selling points (in addition to performance and extensions, which we’ll cover below). Not much has changed in all the years since then. As far as look and feel is concerned, Chrome is as Chrome always was.

Chrome’s most notable differences include a User button along the top (which only shows if you’re logged into a Google account) and the hamburger icon (three horizontal lines) which opens an actions menu that feels like a simplified File menu. The tabs meld into the title bar only when the browser in maximized.

Overall, a very clean experience. Unfortunately, like Edge, there isn’t much you can customize about Chrome’s appearance. You can install themes, but they change so little that they’re more like wallpapers than actual themes.

Score: 7/10

Firefox: On the whole, Firefox has a softer aesthetic than the other browsers. That could be due to the default icon theme and/or the curvy-but-flat design of the tabs, but regardless, Firefox feels the most pleasant and comfortable to use right out of the box (at least for me).

But if you don’t like it, you can change it. Unlike the other browsers, Firefox supports two kinds of appearance customization: Themes, which are akin to basic wallpaper changes, and Complete Themes, which can change how the whole browser looks (e.g. tabs, colors, padding, positions of elements, etc).

In fact, there are Complete Themes that faithfully replicate the looks of browsers like Chrome and Opera, so if the interface is the only thing keeping you from using Firefox, you may want to reconsider.

Score: 8/10

Opera: Opera’s interface is closest to Edge: it’s tight, compact, with simple icons, not much wasted space, and lots of sharp, flat lines that make it feel clean and minimal. That being said, Opera is based on Chromium so Chrome users will find Opera to feel quite familiar.

Like Chrome, Opera has a single menu that acts like a simplified File menu, except instead of a hamburger icon, there’s a Menu button at the top left. It melds with the title bar when maximized, but otherwise takes up unnecessary space. This menu has everything you need to navigate the browser.

Theme-wise, Opera is severely lacking. You can install Themes, but these are literally nothing more than wallpapers for the Speed Dial page, so it’s possible that you’ll never even see them.

Score: 7/10

User Interface Winner: Edge

To my surprise, I actually prefer Edge’s interface over all the other browsers. It’s slick, minimal, and has absolutely no clutter. The way it uses a sliding sidebar for options is smart, and overall it just feels like an evolution in usability. The other three have similar interfaces — all usable, but nothing special.

Benchmarks were done using a run-of-the-mill, last-generation Toshiba laptop with Windows 10 Home in order to compare performance speeds on the kind of everyday machine that an average user might have. Consider running your own benchmarks to compare!

JetStream

JetStream is a JavaScript benchmark suite focused on the most advanced web applications. Bigger scores are better.

Chrome, Firefox, and Opera were all in the same ballpark, with Chrome taking the lead among the three and Firefox coming in last. I don’t think this is much of a surprise. Anyone who has used all of these browsers probably would’ve guessed that order just from experience.

Kraken

Kraken is a JavaScript performance benchmark created by Mozilla that measures the speed of several different test cases extracted from real-world applications and libraries. It uses a test harness based on the SunSpider benchmark. Results are reported in milliseconds (lower is better).

Microsoft Edge: 3,940.4ms

Chrome: 3,544.4ms

Firefox: 3,696.1ms

Opera: 3,740.1ms

It’s interesting to see how these results differ from the JetStream results above, even though both of these benchmarks test for JavaScript performance. According to Kraken, Chrome performs best, followed by Firefox, Opera, and lastly Edge.

RoboHornet

RoboHornet isn’t like other benchmarks because it encompasses all aspects of browser performance and everything that matters to web developers, like performance of layout and localStorage. The RoboHornet index is normalized to 100.

Microsoft Edge: 60.41

Chrome: 82.53

Firefox: 65.56

Opera: 76.54

RoboHornet is a good test because it incorporates many different factors that impact one’s web browsing experience. For example, how well does a browser handle Animated GIFs? How quickly does it read and write to localStorage? JavaScript isn’t everything.

Perhaps you already expected this, but Chrome takes the lead here with Opera coming in second place. Is that because they’re both based on Chromium? Maybe. But Firefox and Edge are both lagging behind right now and have a lot of room to improve.

HTML5 Test

The HTML5 Test isn’t exactly a performance benchmark. Rather, it measures how well a particular browser supports the entire HTML5 standard. As HTML5 features are added and changed, the test and scoring criteria are also changed.

Microsoft Edge: 453 out of 555

Chrome: 521 out of 555

Firefox: 478 out of 555

Opera: 520 out of 555

Microsoft has long been criticized for its unwillingness to adhere to web standards, but they’re doing better with Edge. The browser still lags far behind Chrome and Opera, but it’s close to Firefox and users seem happy enough with Firefox’s HTML5 support, so disregard Edge!

Speed & Performance Winner: Chrome

Chrome came out on top for both the Kraken and RoboHornet tests, which isn’t too surprising because Chrome is so fast that you can really feel it just through daily use. It also came in first for HTML5 compatibility, narrowly beating Opera by a single point.

As for second place, I’m going to give it to Opera. It came in second for the RoboHornet test, and as far as I’m concerned, that’s a more useful metric than sheer JavaScript performance. Plus, it supports HTML5 almost as well as Chrome, which will be important going forward.

It’s incredible that Microsoft thought it was a good idea to release Edge without any extensibility support, but there’s some good news on the horizon: Microsoft considers extensions to be a priority feature and will likely have them by Fall 2016.

Firefox: Extensions in Firefox are called addons, but we’ll call them extensions in this post for consistency. With over 15,000 extensions available in the Mozilla repository, it’s clear that Firefox has a lot of potential for customization.

Opera: Opera is a feature-packed browser with a lot to offer, and it does have support for extensions, but lacks the variety of extensions that you’d find in either Chrome or Firefox. You may be able to find Opera alternatives to popular extensions, but don’t count on it.

Update 02/28/16: Opera has an extension called Download Chrome Extension, which allows you to install any — yes, any! — Chrome extension inside Opera. Note that it’s only compatible with extensions. Apps and themes will not work with this extension. This boosts Opera’s score from the previous 7 to a current 9.

Score: 9/10

Addons & Extensions Winner: Chrome & Opera

It’s pretty clear that Chrome outshines the rest when it comes to extensibility. The Chrome Web Store is massive and contains so many unique extensions that can’t be found on other browsers. Opera comes in a close second — a virtual tie — because it can load Chrome’s extensions.

But Firefox may soon gain the ability to run Chrome extensions, and Edge may soon gain the ability to run both Firefox and Chrome extensions, so it’s entirely possible that Chrome may soon be dethroned.

Firefox: Firefox has long been considered by many to be the best browser as far as user privacy is concerned, which is certainly an important point, but lags behind when it comes to security. Not that Firefox is insecure by any means, only that it lacks one or two key features.

Firefox is the only browser in this comparison that is truly open source. That means anyone can review all parts of the code at any time to scour for vulnerabilities or hidden malice.

Firefox currently has no sandboxing mechanism, but will have one when the Electrolysis feature is implemented (currently under development with no official release date).

Built-in prevention that keeps websites from tracking you as you browse the Web.

Firefox will warn you if it suspects that a website contains malware or is trying to perform a phishing attack.

Opera: As much as I like Opera, it’s clear that it comes in last place for security. Again, like Firefox, Opera is far from “insecure” and is more than secure enough for the average user. It just lacks some of the more advanced protections that browsers are starting to have.

Using Badges in the address bar, Opera will warn you if it suspects that a website contains malware or is trying to perform a phishing attack.

Each Chrome tab runs in a sandbox process, which protects against malware installing without your knowledge and prevents websites from stealing data from your computer.

Security & Privacy Winner: Edge, Chrome, Opera

Edge, Chrome, and Opera are actually quite similar, making them tied for best user protection. They all have sandbox environments and they all warn you about potential malware and phishing attacks. Edge also has Microsoft Passport, but it’s not that big of a deal.

However, if you’re concerned about companies spying on you, then you’ll want to go with Firefox. The fact that it’s open source should alleviate any worries in that department.

Category: Other Features

Is there anything else worth mentioning that separates one browser from another? A few things, yeah. In addition to everything mentioned above, each browser has a couple of unique features that may be enough to pull you in (or maybe even push you away).

Microsoft Edge:

Reading List where you can keep track of webpages you want to read later so you don’t have to keep them open in tabs.

Reading Mode that removes advertisements and sidebars from the page, making articles and posts easier to read.

Built-in feature that lets you annotate webpages, such as writing with a pen or highlighting useful page elements. Particularly useful if you’re on a tablet.

With Cortana integration, you can search the Web using Cortana without leaving whatever webpage you’re currently on. Results are displayed intelligently to fit the webpage’s context.

Score: 8/10

Chrome:

Supervised User feature lets you set restrictions when a certain user is logged into the browser. For example: block sites, force safe search, and log all visited sites.

When Chrome detects a webpage in a foreign language, it will automatically offer to translate it for you.

Log into Chrome with a Google account and you can synchronize all of your bookmarks, histories, and settings to your account — and load them on another computer using that same account.

Score: 8/10

Firefox:

Tab Groups allow you to organize your tabs into “sets”, allowing you to quickly switch between them at will. This prevents your tab bar from being overwhelmed by too many simultaneous tabs.

Reading Mode that removes everything from the page except the relevant text from the article or post. Unfortunately, it also removes inline images.

With Pocket integration, you can save things like articles and videos for later. If you grab the Pocket mobile app, you can even read and watch whatever you’ve saved any time, anywhere.

Firefox Hello makes it easy to start a video conversation with anyone else. Firefox gives you a link that you can share. Not only can you use your webcam, but you can also share your screen.

Log into Firefox with a Firefox account and you can synchronize all of your bookmarks, histories, extensions, and settings to your account — and load them on another computer using that same account.

Score: 7/10

Opera:

Speed Dial feature that appears whenever you create a new empty tab. You can customize to show frequently-visited websites, so it basically acts as a glorified bookmarks collection.

Built-In Task Manager that shows you how much RAM and CPU is used by each tab. It’s hidden by default, so in order to access it, you have to first enable the Developer Menu.

Turbo Mode uses Opera’s page compression service to trim webpages of extraneous content in order to cut down on bandwidth usage. Does not work over HTTPS.

Mouse Gestures that you can bind with certain actions. For example, open a new tab by holding down the right mouse button and swiping down. You can even customize them with your own special gestures.

Log into Opera with an Opera account and you can synchronize all of your bookmarks, tabs, Speed Dial, histories, and settings to your account — and load them on another computer using that same account.

Score: 7/10

Other Features Winner: Edge & Chrome

Each browser has its merits here, with key features being Cortana integration in Edge, Task Manager in Chrome, Tab Groups in Firefox, and Turbo Mode in Opera. But it’s a hard category to compare, mainly because the features I like may not be the features you like. For me, Edge and Chrome come out on top.

And the Overall Winner Is…

Nobody.

It’s impossible to take four complex pieces of software, each of which has its own pros and cons, and distill it all down to a single winner. As we said before, the right browser for you may not be the right browser for me. You have to take everything into account. No summaries.

Which browser do you use as your main and why? What are the most important features? What are the biggest dealbreakers? How do you like Edge? Share your thoughts and experiences with us in the comments!

I am most comfortable with Chrome. However it frequently loses the mouse pointer. Every one of over a dozen supposed fixes online do not fix it for me on Win 10 Pro.
I hate Firefox the most. The interface differs so much from Chrome that is a big nuisance to find features I need to use. As to Edge... I absolutely hate Microsoft nagging popups promoting Edge. This behavior often uses Bing for searches. Google owns that world. Microsoft has long been bent on world domination with Windows and related products like Bing and Edge. They do not really focus on meeting customer's needs but more on their own bottom line. I never trust MS but I do use Win 10 Pro. I am looking for a Chrome replacement. For search I will stay with Google. YMMV! BTW... I started studying programming in the fall of 1967 using SPS and Auto Coder on an IBM 1401. I retired from IT at the end of August 2015. During that time my favorite computer was the IBM System I (AS/400) and the ILE RPG free form language. I also worked heavily with that systems IFS (Integrated File System).

I will not use Firefox any more. The outdated plugin container that runs all flash apps, video etc. has not been updated for years and is an obsolete model, causing hangs and crashes as well as memory leaks. It used to be the best but now it's clunky, inefficient and bloated. You could not pay me to use the PoS now.

I use all except for Opera (though I did use it for a short amount of time in the past), so it's really hard to choose for me. I use Chrome a little more because of auto language translation, syncing viewed pages with my android phone, and the ability to do searches and open web links (that isn't coded to be clicked) in a new tab just from highlighting text and right-clicking.

I use Opera because of its Turbo Mode. For those of you who don't know, Opera has a thing you can turn on called "Turbo Mode" that compresses all of your data so it runs faster and smoother on bad connections.

Interesting review. I actually came here while searching for up-to-date comments on Opera, as an alternative to Firefox (I'm also looking for other options that I haven't heard of). I've used Mozilla as my primary browser since Netscape, but in the last couple of years, I've noticed increasing instability and bugginess from FF on all of my machines. My only real problem with Chrome, besides questionable Google privacy, is that it loads all tabbed pages at startup, whereas Firefox only loads the page that you are on, and only loads the others as you click on them. I've never liked IE, and found myself quickly flustered with the unintuitive Edge, and like Google, never really trusted Microsoft anyway. Unfortunately, it looks like Opera is little more than a new flavor of Chrome... thanks for the breakdown.

Firstly, here's my list of add-on essentials if someone'd like to try Opera for the 1st time: 1. Ghostery; 2. Text-to-Speech (TTS); 3. Google Reverse Image Search; 4. HD Video Downloader.
Ive been w/ the O since inception but have been forced to use everything else by work or school forced browser req's. Fact is, Opera is the oldest, most innovative, and simply the best, most fluid, effortless experience. They invented Speed Dial(Now animated wallpapers!)!!, Rocker Gestures!!, Tabs!!, Pop-up Block!!, Session Recovery (Even on another phone or computer)!!!! Every other browser copied everything from Opera so how can any other browser be better?? They can't. Nothing else comes close. Opera is the best. Period.<-

I like the speed of Edge. But the lack of extension is a downside for me, so i put Edge to trash. I use Chrome with uBlock origin , YouTube AdAway, AdBlock Plus and Chrometana (forced Cortana to use Google Search Engine). Satisfied with this, speed is also comparable with Edge.

I like Firefox features and Add-Ons, but the only downside is the speed. It is hard to use in a country where the speed hardly reached 1mbps, so i ditch FireFox to trash again...???

Firefox being open source while allowing malicious users to browse the code for vulnerabilities, it also allows vulnerabilities to be spotted and patched much more quickly because the whole community can help. This is the reason that many popular open source products (ie. Linux) are so secure.

I'm a long time Firefox user, from 0.8 version, but I'm using Chrome and Opera in parallel, also other browsers for testing.

Firefox DeveloperEdition is my main browser for almost anything e10s support is here and every major addon is working stable on it.

The "Tab Mix Plus" addon is something that keeps me from using other browsers for surfing. It has the support for storing sessions so you can restore up to last three sessions in history by default.

The major thing that still keeps me on Firefox is the Developer Tools that is simply amazing and no other browser has that kind of dev support. Chrome is getting better and better every version, but still falls behind.

Chrome maybe is the fastest, but it also uses so much RAM that is unacceptable. 3-4GB of RAM for simple tasks, come on?

Firefox beats it in this aspect as it's using around 1GB for almost the same amount of tabs and even more extensions installed than FF.

Opera is fast, has extensions, but I see no difference as it's using Blink as layout engine, the same one as in Chrome and Chromium.

Edge, well I tested it once, and it's fast, maybe it has some potential, but after so many years of IE fails, I can't imagine users going back to Microsoft product even on Windows.

I'm on Elementary OS (Linux) as my daily OS and Edge is not available on it, and it want be anytime soon, maybe even never.

So, that would be my comment on this article, which I find very informative btw.

But I want to point out the other aspect: Mobile devices.

Majority of users are switching to mobile devices. The biggest part of those users are on Android, followed by iOS and in some very small part by other OSs.

Here it's going to be next battle of the browsers where we can see some new ones, but nevertheless, my point is that on desktop there are going to be developers and maybe gamers and content creators left. Every other user is switching to mobile.

On this one, the Chrome is the king for now, but other are really catching up. Edge is dead in start as it's on platform that is dead (even the officials said it is).

Hmm, that's an interesting point. If Edge's big draw is its speed, then yeah, maybe addons might kill its only advantage. But without that extra functionality, nobody will use it. Microsoft may be caught in a catch-22.

in terms of Extensions and Add ons i think OPERA beats CHROME. As there are already have some different and unique extensions in OPERA EXTENSION STORE and despite this it can also download CHROME EXTENSIONS from chrome store.

Like, in opera i have SMART RSS extension - The best RSS extension that works only with OPERA and does not found in CHROME.

Chrome using nearly 3G of memory, vs Firefox under 1G. I am Mac OS. Want completely out of Google Chrome, gmail, everything because of G's massive privacy invasions, also because G powerfully & politically opposes privacy & security. Firefox sandboxing deficiency will be fixed by Electrolysis in September. Was considering Firefox or Opera, going back to Firefox. Just opened protonmail email account, open source, end to end encryption, will be moving to it from gmail. Have been using only startpage.com search, also Ublock Origin ad/malware blocker. Have been using ESETS antimalware, but using too much CPU.

I still miss the old school Opera but the recent developments on Chromium-based Opera have been pretty nice. As for Edge, I'm still giving Microsoft the benefit of the doubt but my good will towards them is running out, haha. Thanks for sharing Scott!

Opera's VPN isn't really a true VPN. It's functioning as a proxy more than anything--which means your ISPs can still see where you're going. Firefox and other browsers have long since had extensions that allow this same principle. Opera just makes it seem like it's only their because it's "built in". Every other browser also has ad blockers. Opera just creates the perception of being "better out of the box" because it chooses to include extensions functionality by default. That doesn't mean anything when I can get the same OR better quality on another browser.

Firefox extensions can still do more than those of Chrome and Opera. You can't add-ons such as DownThemAll! or one's that modify the browser to the extent one can only imagine in other browsers. Sadly, Mozilla is crippling that functionality little by little.

Chrome is worse now than it was one or two years ago in a lot of ways, I agree, but it's still one of the best (or at least one of the toughest to migrate away from). Maybe that says more about the other browsers than Chrome itself, haha.

When it comes to resource usage, web browsing just uses a lot, you can say that Chrome uses a bit more than the others, due to the fact that each tab is its own process while in Firefox each tab is its own thread.

I'm a little upset that you didn't include Vivaldi and SeaMonkey here. I haven't used Opera since they moved off Presto (it had been my favorite browser from V1 - V12). I don't feel that a browser without addons is DOA though - I use K-Meleon for speed and accessibility and it works well.

I currently use Firefox, but I think it's actually gone downhill for the last several versions. I don't like "Chrome-Like" browsers, and Australis disgusts me (so I just use Status-4-Eva and Classic Theme Restorer).

What I'm looking for is a stable browser with no extensions (rather, options to be turned on or off within the program) and a mostly proprietary rendering engine separate and different from Gecko or WebKit/Blink. I want it to run with low RAM use (to the point that it self-tethers and clears cache automatically) and be stable.

May I suggest Pale Moon (an Open Source, Goanna-based web browser focusing on efficiency and ease of use). This browser is pretty light and it supports most Firefox add-ons/extensions with a growing number of Pale Moon exclusive add-ons/extensions and Complete Themes. Plus it pertains to the previous (or closely resembles Firefox v28) UI and keeps up with all security/bug fixes that are applicable to its code base.

To know more about the Pale Moon Project/browser and it's newly layout/rendering engine called Goanna:

I have used Opera, IE, Firefox and Chrome in the past. I had problems with all of them except Opera. But I did give that up awhile ago when it became like Chrome and now use Waterfox Portable 64 bit almost exclusively. I use Edge when I have to, but Lastpass doesn't work with it, so I have to copy and paste sign-ins. I also use Chrome on my Android phone and once in awhile on my pc when I have to for certain things. I also use Safari on my iPad and it's ok. Waterfox Portable doesn't give me any grief, seldom crashes and syncs to my laptop. I don't have a lot of extensions but the ones I use, work well.

Since when is a minimal UI a good thing? Accessing anything will take more effort and hiding it in sidebars that are invisible by default means out of sight = out of mind. And no right-click? There is a reason why even 3$ mice come with two buttons. Yes, right-click is not available on touch screens, but that is exactly the reason why these vastly different means of operation need different UIs.

The sad thing that this comparison shows is that there is not a single browser that is HTML5 compliant. With the web being a center piece of most of our lives that is truly a sad state of affairs.

Oddly, you're missing a bunch of Opera features, some of which you even mentioned for the other browsers, which is really weird, because Opera offered almost all of the features we now consider standard years before the other browsers:

News Feed is not my favourite, but it's there.
Task Manager is available in the Developer's menu.

Synchronization you mentioned, but I like that it adds the ability to use a separate password for added security.

While they are limited, there are also a few hidden advanced features unlocked by the "Konami" code that allow you to do things like remove Google Search from Speed Dial and/or add it to the Address bar, old school style.

The last issue of Opera,before being chrome based was the finest browser available and the most secure. When chrome began to overtake Opera the makers of opera decided to use the chrome engine,knowing they couldn't possibly compete with googles research and development money.I still like it best. I wish for all of them that the favorites/bookmarks resided on my computer,available to any browser just by clicking on "bookmarks in the browser.I also wish thatThere were MANY methods of making and organizing those bookmarks.

I'm hoping so too. It'd be nice if they completely dropped development on the non-open source part of it and spent the money and time on it for use by open source OS's. Let those other OS's who are privacy invasive and not open source spend the money on developing a better browser.

I'm a senior web developer. I am big fan Google Chrome & most of the developers in my team prefer chrome as a daily driver for debugging purpose. I believe Chrome Developer Tools have lot of features like workspace, profiling app, responsive design tools and live editing like things. And a debugging environment without bugs. I used firefox for more than 2 months and I didn't really like it, it was shitty buggy. We use Safari, FF & Edge for development rarely and that's just for the sake of checking that it's gonna work there or not.

So point here to explain all this stuff is. If most of the developers are using chrome to debug the app, that mean you gonna find bugs very rarely. Because it's well tested on that platform. Developers hated IE because IE kept their users outdated to latest technologies. IE sucks. It should go away from existence ASAP, developers hate that shit.

the only issue I have with Firefox is it STILL has a memory leak after all these years. If you leave it open for a long time, it grows and grows and grows in memory usage until it hoses the whole system... I've seen it use over a GIG of RAM before my system needs to be rebooted to deal with it...

Otherwise I use it as my primary browser, and Chrome with sites that don't work well in Firefox.

The fact that Firefox lost to chrome on the ex tensions round shows how out of touch with reality the author is. Do you know where all of those (lazily ported)extensions you love so much came from? Firefox.

I don't like to use too products from any one company - esp. if the company is known to track 'everything'. I already use Gmail (and thus Google Contacts and Google Voice). So, I've been trying -- and failing -- to move away from Google's Chrome browser. But I always go back. Not only is it fast and easy to use, it's got amazing extensions as well.

Some people gloat about Firefox extensions, but not only do I dislike that browser itself, I also find their equivalent extensions inferior. Ghostery is one example. And IMHO, Adblock beats the pants off Adblock Plus.

" I also find their equivalent extensions inferior."
Interesting since many Chrome extensions are copies of FF extensions.
Since you dislike the browser, it is only understandable you would dislike the extensions, no matter what their quality.

The scores you have given after comparison each feature doesn't make any sense as it is not transparent. Firefox have all the features but still you categorically eliminated which is not fair and I believe it is your personal opinion.
I am using Firefox for more than 10 years. I tried switching to chrome many times but came back to Firefox for many features which are still not in other browsers.
Please publish genuine and unbiased articles.