Contents

The Archdukal Brewery, or Brackie Browar Zamkowy (Friar Castle Brewery), was built in 1846 by Albrecht Frederick of Habsburg.[2]

This brewery is the smallest of Żywiec Group and has a capacity of approximately 160 thousand hl a year. Brackie Brewery only brews Żywiec Porter and Brackie beer. They also brew a special "Mastne" brew created on the town's 1,200 anniversary out of four different malts: pilsner, Munich, caramel and wheat malt.[3]

1.
Brewery
–
A brewery or brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer. The place at which beer is made is either called a brewery or a beerhouse. The commercial brewing of beer has taken place since at least 2500 BC, in ancient Mesopotamia, brewers derived social sanction, the diversity of size in breweries is matched by the diversity of processes, degrees of automation, and kinds of beer produced in breweries. A brewery is typically divided into sections, with each section reserved for one part of the brewing process. Beer may have known in Neolithic Europe and was mainly brewed on a domestic scale. In some form, it can be traced back almost 5000 years to Mesopotamian writings describing daily rations of beer and bread to workers. Before the rise of production breweries, the production of beer took place at home and was the domain of women and this industrialization of brewing shifted the responsibility of making beer to men. The oldest, still functional, brewery in the world is believed to be the German state-owned Weihenstephan brewery in the city of Freising and it can trace its history back to 1040 AD. The nearby Weltenburg Abbey brewery, can trace back its beer-brewing tradition to at least 1050 AD, the Žatec brewery in the Czech Republic claims it can prove that it paid a beer tax in 1004 AD. This layout often is preserved in breweries today, but mechanical pumps allow more flexibility in brewery design, early breweries typically used large copper vats in the brewhouse, and fermentation and packaging took place in lined wooden containers. Such breweries were common until the Industrial Revolution, when better materials became available, today, almost all brewery equipment is made of stainless steel. During the Industrial Revolution, the production of beer moved from artisanal manufacture to industrial manufacture, a handful of major breakthroughs have led to the modern brewery and its ability to produce the same beer consistently. The steam engine, vastly improved in 1775 by James Watt, brought automatic stirring mechanisms and it gave brewers the ability to mix liquids more reliably while heating, particularly the mash, to prevent scorching, and a quick way to transfer liquid from one container to another. Almost all breweries now use electric-powered stirring mechanisms and pumps, the steam engine also allowed the brewer to make greater quantities of beer, as human power was no longer a limiting factor in moving and stirring. Carl von Linde, along with others, is credited with developing the machine in 1871. Refrigeration allowed beer to be produced year-round, and always at the same temperature, yeast is very sensitive to temperature, and, if a beer were produced during summer, the yeast would impart unpleasant flavours onto the beer. Most brewers would produce enough beer during winter to last through the summer, the discovery of microbes by Louis Pasteur was instrumental in the control of fermentation. The idea that yeast was a microorganism that worked on wort to produce led to the isolation of a single yeast cell by Emil Christian Hansen

2.
Poland
–
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, the total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres, making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe, Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin, the establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe, Poland regained its independence in 1918 at the end of World War I, reconstituting much of its historical territory as the Second Polish Republic. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, followed thereafter by invasion by the Soviet Union. More than six million Polish citizens died in the war, after the war, Polands borders were shifted westwards under the terms of the Potsdam Conference. With the backing of the Soviet Union, a communist puppet government was formed, and after a referendum in 1946. During the Revolutions of 1989 Polands Communist government was overthrown and Poland adopted a new constitution establishing itself as a democracy, informally called the Third Polish Republic. Since the early 1990s, when the transition to a primarily market-based economy began, Poland has achieved a high ranking on the Human Development Index. Poland is a country, which was categorised by the World Bank as having a high-income economy. Furthermore, it is visited by approximately 16 million tourists every year, Poland is the eighth largest economy in the European Union and was the 6th fastest growing economy on the continent between 2010 and 2015. According to the Global Peace Index for 2014, Poland is ranked 19th in the list of the safest countries in the world to live in. The origin of the name Poland derives from a West Slavic tribe of Polans that inhabited the Warta River basin of the historic Greater Poland region in the 8th century, the origin of the name Polanie itself derives from the western Slavic word pole. In some foreign languages such as Hungarian, Lithuanian, Persian and Turkish the exonym for Poland is Lechites, historians have postulated that throughout Late Antiquity, many distinct ethnic groups populated the regions of what is now Poland. The most famous archaeological find from the prehistory and protohistory of Poland is the Biskupin fortified settlement, dating from the Lusatian culture of the early Iron Age, the Slavic groups who would form Poland migrated to these areas in the second half of the 5th century AD. With the Baptism of Poland the Polish rulers accepted Christianity and the authority of the Roman Church

3.
Cieszyn
–
Cieszyn is a border-town in southern Poland on the east bank of the Olza River, and the administrative seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship. The town has about 36,100 inhabitants, and lies opposite Český Těšín in the Czech Republics Karviná District, both towns belonged to the historical region of Austrian Silesia and are the historical capital of the region of Cieszyn/Těšín Silesia. The town is situated on the Olza river, a tributary of the Oder River and it is located within the western Silesian Foothills north of the Silesian Beskids and Mt. Czantoria Wielka, a popular ski resort. Cieszyn is the heart of the region of Cieszyn Silesia. Until the end of World War I in 1918 it was a seat of the Dukes of Teschen, the larger part of the town joined Poland as Cieszyn. Three bridges connect the twin towns, the combined population of Polish and Czech parts of the city is 61,201 inhabitants. Cieszyn is the terminus of the Polish National road 1 leading to Gdańsk on the Baltic coast. The town combines both Polish and Old–Austrian peculiarities in the style of its buildings, because of several major fires and subsequent reconstructions, the picturesque old town is sometimes called Little Vienna. The only relic of the ancient castle is a tower, dating from the 14th century. The area has been populated by Slavic peoples since at least the 7th century, according to legend, in 810 three sons of a prince – Bolko, Leszko and Cieszko, met here after a long pilgrimage, found a spring, and decided to found a new settlement. They called it Cieszyn, from the words cieszym się and this well can be found at ulica Trzech Braci, just west of the town square. The town was the capital of the Duchy of Teschen since 1290 and it was in Teschen that Maria Theresa and Frederick II on in May 1779 signed the Teschen Peace Treaty, which put an end to the War of the Bavarian Succession. In the 19th century Teschen was known for its ethnic, religious and cultural diversity, containing mostly German, Polish, Jewish, there was also a small Hungarian community in the town consisting mostly of officers and clerks. The town was divided in July 1920, by the Spa Conference and its smaller western suburbs became what is now the town of Český Těšín in the Czech Republic. During the interwar period two villages were merged into Cieszyn, Błogocice in 1923 and Bobrek in 1932, after 1920 many ethnic Germans left the town, while many Poles from the Czechoslovakian part of the region moved in. According to the Polish census of 1921, Cieszyn had 15,268 inhabitants, of whom 9,241 were Poles,4,777 were Germans,1014 were Jews, and 195 were Czechs. The census from 1931 indicated 14,707 inhabitants, of whom 12,145 were Poles, while the rest consisted mostly of Germans, Cieszyn and Český Těšín were merged again in October 1938 when Poland annexed the Zaolzie area together with Český Těšín. In 1939 Cieszyn Silesia was occupied by German forces and during World War II it was part of Nazi Germany, almost the entire Jewish community was murdered by the Nazis

4.
Beer in Poland
–
Following World War II, most breweries were nationalized under the communist regime. After the collapse of the communist regime, a market economy was introduced, international beer companies moved in, three companies now control 80% of the Polish beer market. At the end of 2013, there were 97 breweries in Poland, including microbreweries, the most popular Polish beers are Żywiec, Okocim and Tyskie. Beer from small breweries, grouped in the Association of Polish Regional Breweries, crafts, contracted breweries and brewpubs has become very popular. According to a 2009 Ernst & Young report, Poland is Europes third largest beer producer, Poland produces 36.9 million hectolitres, coming after the UK with 49.5 million hl and Germany with 103 million hl. Statistically, a Polish consumer drinks some 92 litres of beer a year, in 2009, beer sales paid some PLN3.097 bn in excise taxes to the Polish government. Total employment due to production and sales is 207,900. Poland is well known for its culture and many varieties. Large breweries are majority owned by multinational companies, however, since 2011, craft beer has become more and more popular each year. There are over 40 brewpubs and several craft brewers in Poland nowadays. Many multitap pubs serving only craft beer and dedicated shops have opened since 2012, craft brewers brew beer in many different styles. In 2014, Polish craft breweries brewed about 500 new brands of beer, kompania Piwowarska It is majority owned by SAB Miller. It operates three breweries in Poland, Tychy Brewery Lech Brewery Wielkopolski Dojlidy Brewery Grupa Żywiec S. A. Żywiec is 61% owned by Heineken Group and it operates five breweries in Poland, Żywiec Brewery is one of the most well known brands. It has three varieties, Żywiec, Żywiec Bock, Żywiec Porter, elbrewery brews Specjal Jasny Pełny, Specjal Mocny, Warka Gdańskie, and Hevelius Kaper. The EB brand is available for export only, Leżajsk Brewery brews Leżajsk Pełne, Leżajsk Mocne, Podkarpackie, Tatra Jasne Pełne and Tatra Mocne. Warka Brewery brews Warka, Warka Strong, and Królewskie, cieszyn Brewery brews Double IPA, Żywiec Porter, Porter Cieszyński, Brackie, Brackie Mastne. Carlsberg Polska Okocim Brewery brews Carlsberg, O. K. Beer, Harnaś, Piast, Książ, Kasztelan Brewery brews Kasztelan Jasne Pełne, Kasztelan Mocne and Kasztelan Niepasteryzowane. Bosman Brewery brews Bosman Full and Bosman Specjal, called Piwo jasne lekkie, Piwo jasne pelne, Piwo jasne mocne

5.
Heineken International
–
Heineken N. V. is a Dutch brewing company, founded in 1864 by Gerard Adriaan Heineken in Amsterdam. As of 2017, Heineken owns over 165 breweries in more than 70 countries and it produces 250 international, regional, local and specialty beers and ciders and employs approximately 73,000 people. Heinekens Dutch breweries are located in Zoeterwoude, s-Hertogenbosch and Wijlre, the original brewery in Amsterdam, closed in 1988, is preserved as a museum called Heineken Experience. Since the merger between the two largest brewing empires in the world, Anheuser-Busch InBev and SABMiller, in October 2016, the Heineken company was founded in 1864 when the 22-year-old Gerard Adriaan Heineken bought a brewery known as De Hooiberg in Amsterdam. In 1869 Heineken switched to the use of bottom-fermenting yeast, in 1873 the brewerys name changed to Heinekens Bierbrouwerij Maatschappij, and opened a second brewery in Rotterdam in 1874. In 1886 Dr. H. Elion, a pupil of the French chemist Louis Pasteur and this yeast is still the key ingredient of Heineken beer. The founders son, Henry Pierre Heineken, managed the company from 1917 to 1940, during his tenure, Heineken developed techniques to maintain consistent beer quality during large-scale production. After World War I, the company focused more and more on export, three days after Prohibition ended in the United States, the first Heineken shipment landed in New York. From that day on, Heineken has remained one of the most successful imported beer brands in the United States, Henry Pierres son, Alfred Henry Freddy Heineken, started working at the company in 1940, and in 1971 was appointed Chairman of the Executive Board. He was a force behind Heinekens continued global expansion, and while he retired from the Executive Board in 1989. During this period, Heineken tried to increase its price by purchasing competing breweries. After World War II, many breweries were bought or closed. In 1968 Heineken merged with its biggest competitor, Amstel, the Amstel brewery was closed in 1980, and its production moved to Zoeterwoude and Den Bosch. Since the merger between Anheuser-Busch InBev and SABMiller in October 2016, Heineken has been the second largest brewer in the world. On January 12,2010, Heineken International successfully bought the division of Mexican giant FEMSA. The company will sell its products there through FEMSA, which is the largest bottler and brewery in all of Latin America, and maker of such brands as Dos Equis XX, Bohemia and Sol. FEMSA now owns 20% of Heineken N. V. after the early 2010 all-stock deal, becoming its largest single shareholder after the Dutch families who owns 25. 83% and public shareholders owning 54. 17%. The FEMSA acquisition is expected to keep Heineken in its position by growing its market share in the Latin American markets

6.
Heineken Asia Pacific
–
It currently controls 30 breweries in 14 countries in the Asia Pacific region, selling over 40 beer brands and variants. It is wholly owned by parent company Heineken International, in 1931, Fraser & Neave formed a joint venture with Holland’s Heineken to venture into the brewing business. The brewery, Malayan Breweries Limited produced Tiger Beer, and later acquired Archipelago Brewery, in 1990, Malayan Breweries changed its name to Asia Pacific Breweries. In 2004, APB acquired 90% of DB Breweries, in 2010, APB acquired PT Multi Bintang Indonesia from Heineken International BV In August 2012, Fraser & Neave has accepted an offer from Heineken to acquire its stake in APB for US$4.1 billion. Shareholders approved the deal during the general meeting held on September 28,2012. In 2013, APB was merged with Heineken Asia Pacific and was renamed to Heineken Asia Pacific to reflect their role as Heinekens regional hub. The company’s main brands includes Tiger Beer, Anchor, Baron’s Strong Brew, Bintang Beer, DB Bitters, Tui, ABC Extra Stout and it also brews Heineken under a license from its parent company. Launched in 1932, Tiger beer became Singapores first locally brewed beer and it is a 5% abv bottled pale lager. APBs flagship brand, it is available in more than 60 countries worldwide, the flagship brand has entered in a number of beer tastings competitions and has performed well. At the 2011 World Quality Selections, organized by Monde Selection, according to Brand Finance’s Top 100 Singapore brands 2012 Report, Tiger is amongst Singapore’s top 10 most valuable brands. The Its Time for a Tiger slogan for Tiger Beer has run for decades since its inception in the 1930s, the writer Anthony Burgess named his first novel Time for a Tiger after the advertising slogan. The beer was popular in the Malaya of the 1950s, where Burgess was working, Burgess reveals in his autobiography that, when his Time for a Tiger was published, he asked the manufacturer, then Fraser and Neave, for a complimentary clock with the Tiger beer slogan. The brewery declined to offer this or any other free gift to him, but, fourteen years later, when Burgess was more famous, it relented. In 1970, the company offered Burgess the privilege to any of their beers free of charge while in Singapore. However, in his own words Burgess wrote in response, But it was too late, the beer was also seen in the 2002 movie The Transporter with Jason Statham. Crates of Tiger appeared in the 2008 film Tropic Thunder, in the movie The Odd Angry Shot about the Australian Special Air Service during the Viet Nam war, Tiger is considered the beer of choice among American and Aussie troops. Tiger is seen as a favourite among British troops during the Malayan emergency in the film The Virgin Soldiers, Heineken Lager Beer is another flagship product of APB. It is a 5% abv pale lager that was first made in 1868, Bintang Beer, is a 4. 7% abv Pilsner brewed by APBs subsidiary PT Multi Bintang Indonesia in Indonesia

7.
John Smith's Brewery
–
The majority of John Smiths sales are of the nitrogenated Extra Smooth product, although a cask conditioned variant is available nationally. A stronger variant called Magnet is also available in the North East of England, John Smiths Cask and Magnet are produced under licence by Camerons in Hartlepool. John Smith acquired the Backhouse & Hartley brewery in 1852, following a series of acquisitions in the post-World War II period, the company became one of the largest regional brewers in the country, operating over 1,800 licensed premises. The company was taken over by Courage in 1970 who extended distribution of the products into the South of England. Courage was acquired by Scottish & Newcastle in 1995, and the operations were purchased by Heineken in 2008, John Smiths Extra Smooth and Original are produced at the Tadcaster brewery, as well as a range of Heineken products including Kronenbourg 1664 and Newcastle Brown Ale. With a 3.8 million hectolitre capacity, the brewery is one of the largest in the country, stephen Hartley began brewing in Tadcaster in 1758. In 1845 Jane Hartley mortgaged the brewery to David Backhouse and John Hartley, in 1847, Samuel Smith of Leeds arranged for his son John to enter the business. Jane Hartley died in 1852, and John Smith acquired the business, the timing was to prove fortuitous, pale ales were displacing porter as the beer of choice, and Tadcasters hard water proved to be well-suited for brewing the new style. The operations became sizeable during the last quarter of the nineteenth century, Smith died in 1879, leaving an estate valued at under £45,000, and his assets were jointly inherited by his two brothers, William and Samuel Smith. William purchased Samuels share of his brothers estate, and built a modern brewery in 1883–4 at the cost of £130,000. By this time the company had a staff of over 100, William Smith died in 1886, and the firm was inherited in partnership by his two nephews, Henry Herbert and Frank Riley, henceforth known as Riley-Smith under the terms of his will. The firm expanded throughout the 1880s by creating a network, establishing sixteen offices in nearby settlements. By 1889, the brewery was producing 150,000 barrels annually, in 1889, the companys first scientifically-trained head brewer was appointed, Percy Clinch, son of Charles Clinch of the Eagle Brewery in Witney. In 1892, the became a limited company called John Smiths Tadcaster Brewery Company Limited. In 1899 the company acquired Simpson & Co of Market Weighton, with 51 public houses, by the turn of the century the brewery was considered to be one of the best-run in Britain, a byword for first-class management. In 1907, John Marples of Sheffield, the wines and spirits distributor, was acquired, in 1907, the company began to bottle its own beer, in Tadcaster. In 1912, the company owned over 250 horses,41 of which saw service during the First World War, artificially carbonated beer was first bottled in 1923. Paired horse drays were phased out by 1929, during and for some time after the World Wars, the Government raised the duty on beer, and forced brewers to lower their beer strength

8.
Heineken brands
–
Heineken International is a group which owns a worldwide portfolio of over 170 beer brands, mainly pale lager, though some other beer styles are produced. As of 2006, Heineken owns over 125 breweries in more than 70 countries, the two largest brands are Heineken and Tecate, though the portfolio includes Amstel, Fosters, Sagres, Cruzcampo, Skopsko, Affligem, Żywiec, Starobrno, Zagorka, Zlatý Bažant and Birra Moretti. Heineken Lager Beer is the product of the company. It is a 5% abv pale lager that was first made in 1868 and it is brewed by 40 breweries in 39 countries around the world. In 20062.58 billion litres of Heineken was produced, since 1975 most Heineken beer is brewed in the Heineken brewery in Zoeterwoude, Netherlands. Other beers produced under the Heineken brand name include, Heineken Dark Heineken Oud Bruin Heineken Premium Light Heineken Tarwebok Buckler is a low alcohol pale lager and it was launched in the summer of 1988, and is distributed worldwide. There was a recall in 2004 due to a fault in the pasteurising process, Buckler is no longer available in the Netherlands after the brands image declined following Dutch comedian Youp van t Hek mocking the brand in a show in 1989. Buckler was the beverage of choice for US Vice President Joe Biden at the Beer Summit with Henry Louis Gates, Joe Crowley, the event was the result of the controversial arrest of Henry Louis Gates, which gained national attention regarding law enforcement racial profiling. Former US President George W. Heinekens Italian operation began in 1974 with the acquisition of the Dreher brewery, in 1996 it added the Moretti brewery. Heineken Italy has six brewing plants producing over 575 million litres of beer and its plants are, Pollein, Massafra, Messina, Comun Nuovo, Assemini. Birra Dreher was founded in Trieste in 1896 and it was bought by Heineken in 1974. Heineken also purchased Birra Ichnusa, a brewery founded in 1912 in Assemini and it is named after the Latinized ancient name Sardinia, Hyknusa. Birra Moretti was founded in Udine in 1859 by Luigi Moretti, Heineken acquired the company in 1996, selling the brewing plant to the new Castello beer company. There are eight beers under the Birra Moretti brand, Birra Moretti is the main brand, a 4. 6% abv pale lager launched in 1859, followed by La Rossa is a 7. 2% strong dark lager or dunkel. Other brands include Doppio Malto, Baffo dOro, and Sans Souci, a number of bottled beers named after regions of Italy, have also been introduced, such as Piemontese, a 5. 5%ABV fruit beer. Affligem was taken over by Heineken who renamed it the Affligem brewery. The brewery produces a range of beers, including Affligem Blonde, a 6. 8% pale ale, Affligem Dubbel, a 7% dubbel, Affligem Tripel, a 9. 5% tripel and Affligem Patersvat, a 6. 8% belgian ale. Amstel, Heineken, Athenian, Alfa Hellenic, Fischer, Marathon and it was established in 1963 by a group of Greek entrepreneurs and is a member of Heineken Group N. V

9.
Bralima Brewery
–
Bralima is a brewing company of the Democratic Republic of the Congo with six breweries, founded in 1923. The brewery is owned by Heineken International, after World War I, Belgian businessmen came to visit the present Democratic Republic of the Congo to evaluate the opportunities to invest in the country. It was understood that the government was interested in producing beer for the population as the beer produced by the inhabitants themselves caused major health problems. A brewery, which could brew a high quality beer, would be a substitute for the current situation. The investors decided to set up a brewery with the support of the “Société Congolaise de Banque”, on 23 October 1923 the “Brasserie de Léopoldville” was established for 4.000.000 Congolese francs. The first beer was produced on 27 December 1926, after 1945 the brewery grew due to the economic boom in the DRC. Stakeholders were more likely to invest and Bralima decided to out a decentralized structure. From 1950 to 1958 Bralima decided to keep on five breweries in DR Congo, Kinshasa, Boma, Bukavu, Kisangani and Mbandaka. Majority owned by Heineken since 1986, the operations of Bralima have attracted scrutiny due to alleged links with government figures. According to Foreign Policy, Bralima paid an estimated $1 million to groups, primarily to M23. Such rebel groups were alleged to have carried out abductions, mass sexual assault, looting, bracongo is the competitor of Bralima in the DRC. Primus beer, Mützig, Turbo King and Guinness under licence, primus beer is a 5% abv lager that is brewed in 4 different countries in Central Africa. It is brewed in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Burundi and Rwanda

10.
H. P. Bulmer
–
Bulmer is an English cider-making company founded in 1887 in Hereford, England. The founder was Henry Percival Percy Bulmer, the son of the local rector at Credenhill. He is said to have taken his mothers advice to make a career in food or drink, the companys two principal brands are its own Bulmers cider, which is sold worldwide, and Strongbow, which is sold across Europe, the US, Australasia and the Far East. The company is owned by Heineken International, today, HP Bulmer makes 65% of the five hundred million litres of cider sold annually in the United Kingdom and the bulk of the UKs cider exports. The firms primary competitor is the Irish C&C Group and its Magners brand, using apples from the orchard at his fathers rectory and an old stone press on the farm next door, Percy Bulmer made the first cider, upon which the family fortune would be made. In 1889, his elder brother Fred, coming down from Kings College, Cambridge, with a £1,760 loan from their father, the brothers bought an 8 acres field just outside the city and built their first cider mill. It was little more than a barn compared to the huge modern stainless-steel computer-controlled cider-making plant that has grown up on a 75 acres site nearby. Cider-making was then an unpredictable activity, the fermentation process being achieved by yeast contained within apples. It was a friend of Freds, Dr Herbert Durham, who, in the 1890s, isolated a wild yeast to create the first pure cider yeast culture. This was the start of commercial cider-making, Bulmers was first granted the Royal Warrant in 1911 and continues today as Cider Maker to Her Majesty the Queen. It was incorporated as a company on 27 June 1918. It described its cider as The White Wine of England, Strongbow was brought in from 1960. Shares were offered in the company on the Stock Exchange on 7 December 1970, at this point, it was the worlds largest producer of cider. In 2003, the company was bought for £278 million by Scottish & Newcastle with the loss of some 200 jobs initially, on 25 January 2008, it was announced that S&N had been bought out for £7.8 billion by the Heineken group. Its Australia and New Zealand business interests were sold to Australian brewer Fosters, Bulmers now survives only as a brand name, with operations in Hereford scaled back considerably to principally the production of cider. 5m, including a second can line to be installed by 2011. During the spring of 2006, the company relaunched Bulmers Original in the UK, a premium packaged cider aimed at the served over ice market, which has grown in popularity over the last few years. Bulmers Original is a 4. 5% ABV cider and is primarily in pint bottles but also on draught, in 1 litre bottles. In November 2007, the Bulmers range was joined by Bulmers Pear cider and in Spring 2008 by Bulmers Light, however, this was delisted a year later