Hypothyroidism is among the most common thyroid issues. It is commonly caused by an autoimmune disorder known as Hashimoto’s Disease, in which the thyroid gland is chronically inflamed and mistakenly attacked by the body’s antibodies.

Valvular stenosis occurs when a valve opening becomes smaller than normal. It is a condition that most commonly affects the aortic valve, which opens and closes to regulate blood flow throughout the body.