(Δικαίαρχος;
Dikaíarchos) from Messene (in Sicily [1. 43]), student of Aristotle. [German version] A. Life D. (born
c. 375 BC?) spent a part of his life in the Peloponnese (Cic. Att. 6,2,3; fragments and testimonials in [1]; list of writings in [2]). As with other early Peripatetics, the breadth of D.'s interests is remarkable; Varro (Rust. 1,2,6) and Pliny (HN 2,162) describe him as ‘highly learned’, Cicero (Att. 6,2,3) as ‘very well instructed’ (ἱστορικώτατος). Sharples, Robert (London) [German version] B. Works A work on the history of culture entitled ‘The life of Gre…

(Σωτίων;
Sōtíōn). [German version] [1] Several individuals of the same name It is uncertain to how many individuals, and in what combinations, the following reports of S. should be referred. (1)-(5) are linked by an interest in marvels and anecdotes [1.128, 2.167f.]; (5), (9) and (10) indicate a Peripatetic who may be distinct from (11); (4) and (10) indicate a date in the first half of the 1st century AD, and the other reports are consistent with this. (1) Author of a "little book" (Phot. Bibl. cod. 189,145b28-36),
Diverse reports on marvellous rivers, springs and lakes.' The identificat…

[German version] [1] Commentator on Aristotle Commentator on Aristotle, 1st half of the 2nd cent. AD; teacher of Herminus. His works were read in the school of Plotinus (Porph. Vita Plotini 14). A.' commentary on the ‘Nicomachean Ethics [1] is the earliest surviving extended commentary on an Aristotelian text, and influenced the treatment of the ‘common books’ 5-7 as Nicomachean; although the theory in [2. 29-36] that he was responsible for the inclusion of these books has been questioned by the ‘Eud…

(Ἀλέξαδρος;
Aléxandros). Famous personalities: Alexander the Great [4] (III.); the Philosopher Alexander [26] of Aphrodisias. I. Myth [German version] [1] see Paris see Paris. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) II. Associated Hellenistic ruling families [German version] [2] A. I. Macedonian king, 1st half of the 5th cent. BC Son of Amyntas [1] and his negotiator with Darius. As Macedonian king he supported Xerxes' invasion of Greece, but pretended to be a friend of the Greeks (later called ‘Philhellen’). Herodotus has subtly shown his ambigu…

(Κριτόλαος). [German version] [1] Of Phaselis, peripatetic head of school of Phaselis, peripatetic head of a school in the 1st half of the 3rd cent. BC [1; 2] and one of the most important peripatetic philosophers of the period between Straton and Andronicus [4] (Testimonies in [3]). He accompanied Carneades and Diogenes [15] of Babylon in 156/5 BC in the philosphers' delegation to Rome. C. defended the Aristotelian theories of the eternity of the World and the fifth element (of which he assumed the s…