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Analysis and Meaning of Samvatsari Pratikraman

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Muhpatti

Guru Vandana

Oh, forgiving guru, I ask for your pardon for the faults that have occurred and mistakes committed.

I will refrain from all unwholesome acts on account of negative thoughts, rude word or improper physical action.

Pachakkhan

Sure UggayeThose who havenot taken food or water for Chau Vihar 24 hours

PanaharThose who havetaken only water and/or food once or twice within 24 hours

Chau ViharThose who are pledging not totakefood or water at night

Ti ViharThose who are pledging notto takefood but only water at night

Du ViharThose who are pledging to take only water and mouth refreshers at night

Chaitya Vandan (11 Sutras)

Ichhami Khamasamano

Sakal Kushal ValliSaklahart*

JankinchiNammuthunum

Arihant Chaiyanam, Annath, Kausagg, Snatsya* 1st Stanza

Logass, Arihant Chaiyanam, Annath, Kausagg, Snatsya 2nd Stanza

Pukkhar Vardi Vaddhe, Annath, Kausagg, Snatsya 3rd Stanza

Siddhanam Budhhanam, Annath, Kausagg, Snatsya 4th Stanza

Nammuthunam*Both in Sanskrit

Saklarhat

Composed in Sanskrit by Hemchandrasuri about 900 years ago

Prayer for all 24 Tirthankaras

Describes the virtues of lords. It is full of metaphors.

Most popular stanzas are:

For praying Parswanath: Kamthe Dharanendra cha..

For praying Mahaviraswami: Virah Sarva Surendra Mahito…

Nammuthunam

This sutra offers respect & salutations to Tirthankaras. It is also called Shakrastav (Prayer by Indra). The virtuous souls are described as

Self EnlightenedSupremeAs pure as Lotus

Bestower of True VisionPioneers of religion

Guides to the religious pathSaviors of souls

Having reached a state where rebirth is ruled out

PLUS HAVING MANY OTHER DIVINE ATTRIBUTES

Pukkharvar Divaddhe

Scripture Worship Sutra. Has 4 stanzas:

I bow down to the Tirthankaras who initiated the religious scriptures

I pay respect to scriptures.

Putting the scriptural message in practice eliminates pain and suffering.

Let Jain religion spread more & let greater number of people practice the religion.

Macro Structure

Atichar

Vandittu (2)

Long Kausagg

Samayik

Beginning

Devsi

Begin

Samvatasari

Guru Vandana

Pachkhhan

Chaityavandan

Devsi

End

Samayik

Ending

Ajit Shanti

Brahat Shanti

Santikaram

Devsi Pratikraman..Beginning

Beginning of Devsi Pratikraman (7 Sutras)

-Savvasavi Devasiya, Duchintiya

-Karemi Bhante-Ichchami Thami Kausaggam

-Tass Uttari-Annath-Kausagg

3rd Essential Muhpatti and Vandana

Atichar Alochana (3 Sutras)

-Ichchami Thami Kausaggam -Satlakh

- 18 Papasthanaks

Vandittu (plus 3 other sutras)..4th Essential

Ichchami Thami Kausaggam

I desire to do Kausagga, by remaining at one place, for the sins I have committed during the day, which is not worth doing, which is against the holy scriptures, which is against the path of Jainism; or for foul contemplation and foul ponderance which is neither desirable nor worth doing by a JAIN.

Pertaining to knowledge, true faith, holy principles, limited vows of Jain, three types of Gupti (thought, word and deed), four types of Kashay (anger, pride, deception, and greed) in Samayik, five anuvrats, three Gunvrats, four Shikshavrats of those twelve Shravak’s duties whatever breach is committed, whatever contradictory has been done, may those sins be pardoned and dissolved.

18 Papasthanaks(Wordly Sins)

ViolenceTelling liesStealing

Sensual PassionsPossessiveness

AngerArrogance DeceptionGreed

Craving Aversion

Quarrel Allegation Gossip

Affection and Disaffection in worldly matters

CriticismTo lie maliciously

To trust wrong god, guru, or religion

12 vows of a Jain (In Vandittu Sutra)

Five Anuvratas (small vows)

Non violence

Truth

Non stealing

Limited Celibacy

Non possessiveness

Three Gunavratas (Auxiliary vows)

Distance limitations in all dealings

Limits on consumption & type of occupation

Reduction of avoidable violence

12 vows of a Jain …contd

Four Shikshavratas (Disciplinary vows)

To remain in self control during Samayik

Additional limits on travel for a limited period

Practicing the life of monk for a day

Sharing with guests and monks

Stanza on Forgiveness

49th stanza of Vandittu Sutra

I forgive all souls.

May all souls forgive me.

I have friendship with every one.

I have no animosity towards any one.

Beginning of Samvatsari Pratikraman

- Samvatasari Muhpatti, Vandana (2)

- Abbhutthio Sutra & Ichhami Thami Kausaggam

- Atichar

- Samvatsari Tap (Fasting & Meditation)

- Samvatsari Sutra (or 2nd Vandittu in the absence of live Guru)

Atichar

Written in Old Gujarati

Expands 3 Sutras in detail

Nanammi a Dansamiya (Panchachar Sutra)

Vandittu

18 Papasthanks

Contains a detailed list of do’s and don’ts expected of a true Jain.

Great composition on repentence and atonement

Samvatsari Pratikraman..Contd

Suadevia Bhagvai Sutra

Samvatsari Vandittu

Long Kausagg (Extended Meditation –161 Navkars)

Abbhutthio Sutra

Samvatsari Khamna

End of Samvatsari Pratikraman

Macro Structure

Atichar

Vandittu (2)

Long Kausagg

Samayik

Beginning

Devsi

Begin

Samvatasari

Guru Vandana

Pachkhhan

Chaityavandan

Devsi

End

Samayik

Ending

Ajit Shanti

Brahat Shanti

Santikaram

Resumption of Devsi Pratikraman

Abbhutthio Sutra (Asking for forgiveness for any disrespect to Guru)

Kausagg ( Meditation) ..5th Essential

(Important Sutras: Pukkharvar Divaddhe and Siddhanam Buddhnam)

Pachchkkhan…6th Essential Muhpatti

(Important Sutra: Sansardava)

AjitshantiVandana Kausagg

Sajjhay

Brahat Shanti

Santikaram

Sansardava

Composed by Haribhadrasuri

about 1400 yrs. ago

Stanza-1: Prayer to Lord Mahavira

Stanza-2: Worship all Tirthankaras

Stanza-3: Pay respect to Scriptures

Stanza-4: Pay respect to SHRUTDEVI (GODDESS OF KNOWLEDGE)

Note: Last 3 lines were composed and are therefore sung by Sangh.

Ajit Shanti

It is a devotional song in Prakrit Language for Lord Ajitnath and Shantinath together.

It was composed by Nandishan Muni when he visited Palitana. When he saw the beautiful temples of Lord Ajitnath and Shantinath side by side, he was moved and inspired to compose this song.

It is full of praise and metaphors for both Tirthankaras.

Brahat Shanti

Composed in Sanskrit by Shri Shantisuri about 1000 yrs. ago.

Recited during many rituals.

Supposed to bring peace, prosperity and harmony in one’s life.

It says: Let Arihantas, Sadhus, heavenly gods and goddesses, friends and relatives be helpful in gaining peace and prosperity.

Concluding Stanza:

Let all people be happy; let all people be helpful to each other; let all faults and mistakes vanish and let all people live happily.

End of Samayik

Procedure to Finish Samayik (14 Sutras)

(The ritual ends with forgiveness for any faults committed while performing it.)

Macro Structure

Atichar

Vandittu (2)

Long Kausagg

Samayik

Beginning

Devsi

Begin

Samvatasari

Guru Vandana

Pachkhhan

Chaityavandan

Nammuthunam

Devsi

End

Samayik

Ending

Ajit Shanti

Brahat Shanti

Santikaram

Translation of frequently used Prakrit words

Koha, Mana, Maya, Lobha

Asanam, Panam, Khaimam, Saimam

Na Karemi, Na Karavemi

Nan, Dansan, Charitta, Samai, Gutti

cha, pi, a

Vandami, Nindami, Garihami

Mansa, Vayasa, Kayasa

Matthaen Vandami

Observations

Repetition of sutras several times

Detailed description of code of conduct-activities have changed, motives have not.

Effective way to purify one self

Religion principles are weaved into daily life. Religion is not just an abstraction.

Observations..contd

Jain prayers are decidedly not for wealth, power, fame or other worldly things.

Emphasis on humility, introspection, and forgiveness and other divine qualities