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Many construction projects involve the design and construction of a building which is tailored to meet the clients specific requirements. No two construction projects are identical - there is no such thing as the average building project. The cost of the building will depend on its particular characteristics and these are largely determined by the architect. The design options are almost limitless and the resulting costs can be difficult to forecast reliably in many cases. On the other hand, certain types of buildings such as schools have well established cost histories and are usually subject to a cost limit.

In general it can be said that larger buildings with simple, rectangular, regular floor plans and elevations will be less expensive per sq.m. of floor area than smaller, complex shaped, curved or angular buildings. Economies of scale apportion fixed overheads to a larger extent of productive space. Simple setting out and buildable solutions encourage greater plant use and generate higher productivity and less waste. Complex layouts and details are slower to assemble and may involve a number of trades with a consequent greater risk of mistakes and defects. The degree of compartmentation and repetition will also affect the overall cost of the work. New building work is considerably cheaper than work of a repairing nature or work in existing buildings. Single storey structures tend to be more costly than buildings up to three storeys high, beyond which point they become progressively more expensive.