China’s financial system, dominated by the banking sector, has played a central role in the development of an imbalanced trajectory of economic development and growth. As one of the primary mechanisms for implementing decisive macro-economic policy, the banking sector has hitherto served the...

100 percent reserve banking (C-PeRB) is an enduring proposal for monetary reform that has been taken up by some ecological economists. This paper identifies three groups of green arguments in favor of C-PeRB, and offers some criticism. First, the proposal could serve to constrain new investments...

The current state budget crisis in the EU and the numerous futile efforts to solve the problem has brought back the fraction of people that argument in favour of an exit strategy of Germany from the European monetary union (EMU) or even the break-up of the EMU in total. This paper investigates...

Most central banks oblige depository institutions to hold minimum reserves against their liabilities, predominantly in the form of balances at the central bank. The role of these reserve requirements has evolved significantly over time. The overlay of changing purposes and practices has the...

This essay explores an important phase in the historical evolution of the Mexican monetary system, stressing the relationship between its reformation of 1905 and the operation of the bank system. Besides revising previous literature, it also studies the perception Mexican authorities had of the...

This article focuses on the development and resolution of Czechoslovak state debt from 1945 to 1953. It describes two distinct periods. Between 1945 and 1948, the budget followed a prewar structure where debt constituted a separate part. These times were characterized by an increase of state...