3GPP Long Term Evolution: Wikis

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.LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the project name of a new high performance air interface for cellular mobile communication systems.^Long Term Evolution in focus at 3GSM: News from Aeroflex Electronicstalk .

Long Term Evolution in focus at 3GSM: News from Aeroflex1 February 2010 12:39 UTCwww.electronicstalk.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.It is the last step toward the 4th generation (4G) of radio technologies designed to increase the capacity and speed of mobile telephone networks.^LTE network evolution: The unified 4G mobile technology?

What is Long Term Evolution (LTE)? - Definition from Whatis.com - see also: LTE, LTE 3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE) 3GPP 1 February 2010 12:39 UTCsearchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com [Source type: Academic]

^LTE, the latest step toward the 4th generation (4G) of radio technologies, is designed to increase the capacity and speed of mobile networks.

.Where the current generation of mobile telecommunication networks are collectively known as 3G (for "third generation"), LTE is marketed as 4G. However, it does not fully comply with the IMT Advanced 4G requirements.^LTE network evolution: The unified 4G mobile technology?

What is Long Term Evolution (LTE)? - Definition from Whatis.com - see also: LTE, LTE 3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE) 3GPP 1 February 2010 12:39 UTCsearchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com [Source type: Academic]

^Also, with the current project, T-2 entered the mobile telecommunication market.

News stories about Long Term Evolution and 3Gpp1 February 2010 12:39 UTCwww.cellular-news.com [Source type: News]

News stories about 3Gpp and Long Term Evolution1 February 2010 12:39 UTCwww.cellular-news.com [Source type: News]

.Most major mobile carriers in the United States and several worldwide carriers announced plans to convert their networks to LTE beginning in 2009. The world's first publicly available LTE-service was opened by TeliaSonera in the two Scandinavian capitals Stockholm and Oslo on the 14th of December 2009. LTE is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) which was introduced in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 8. Much of 3GPP Release 8 focuses on adopting 4G mobile communications technology, including an all-IP flat networking architecture.^It will also help to clearly describe LTE's next generation network architecture.

^The LTE which was the most leading technology for 4G among various candidate technology was developed 3GPP made by the technology standard of GSM, WSDMA. In this homepage, we introduced the standard of LTE test developed in 3GPP, also rearranged the trend of LTE test standard.

.While it is commonly seen as a mobile telephone or common carrier development, LTE is also endorsed by public safety agencies in the US[2] as the preferred technology for the new 700 MHz public-safety radio band.^Public-safety groups support LTE at 700 MHz .

.Agencies in some areas have filed for waivers[3] hoping to use the 700 MHz[4] spectrum with other technologies in advance of the adoption of a nationwide standard.^Cox’s 4G technology and service trials utilized the AWS and 700 MHz spectrum that it acquired in Federal Communication Commission auctions in 2006 and 2008.

^LTE radio systems are designed to provide both greater levels of radio spectrum efficiency through use of new radio transmission schemes and advanced multi-antenna technologies, and a more flexible utilization of radio spectrum through support of carrier bandwidths ranging from 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz (subject to 3GPP ratification).

.The main advantages with LTE are high throughput, low latency, plug and play, FDD and TDD in the same platform, an improved end-user experience and a simple architecture resulting in low operating costs.^The advantages with LTE are high throughput, low latency, plug and play, FDD and TDD in the same platform, improved end-user experience and simple architecture resulting in low Operating Expenditures (OPEX).

Current state

.Much of the standard addresses upgrading 3G UMTS to 4G mobile communications technology, which is essentially a mobile broadband system with enhanced multimedia services built on top.^Mobile broadband service .

Increased spectrum flexibility, with supported spectrum slices as small as 1.5 MHz and as large as 20 MHz (W-CDMA requires 5 MHz slices, leading to some problems with roll-outs of the technology in countries where 5 MHz is a commonly allocated amount of spectrum, and is frequently already in use with legacy standards such as 2G GSM and cdmaOne.

^He has different amounts of spectrum in different countries, and so he has different technologies allocated for different spectrum bands.

) .Limiting sizes to 5 MHz also limited the amount of bandwidth per handset

In the 900 MHz frequency band to be used in rural areas, supporting an optimal cell size of 5 km, 30 km sizes with reasonable performance, and up to 100 km cell sizes supported with acceptable performance.

^Gbps (estimated) Support for 3G HSDPA and 2G EDGE If an iPhone 3G is in range of a 3G cell tower, it uses the higher speed of HSDPA. However, it throttles down to the lower-speed EDGE (E) channel if a 3G HSDPA channel is not available.

^In most cases fixed mobile convergence (FMC) services allow the user or the network to take advantage of higher speed, cheaper local unlicensed access networks in local environments for lower value, high volume transactions.

Alcatel-Lucent to highlight future of mobile broadband with live demonstrations of Long Term Evolution (LTE) and European debut of the ng Connect 'LTE Connected Car'26 January 2010 2:35 UTCfixed-mobile-convergence.tmcnet.com [Source type: News]

Co-existence with legacy standards (users can transparently start a call or transfer of data in an area using an LTE standard, and, should coverage be unavailable, continue the operation without any action on their part using GSM/GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS or even 3GPP2 networks such as cdmaOne or CDMA2000)

This feature can deliver services such as Mobile TV using the LTE infrastructure, and is a competitor for DVB-H-based TV broadcast.

PU2RC as a practical solution for MU-MIMO. The detailed procedure for the general MU-MIMO operation is handed to the next release, e.g., LTE-Advanced, where further discussions will be held.

.A large amount of the work is aimed at simplifying the architecture of the system, as it transits from the existing UMTS circuit + packet switching combined network, to an all-IP flat architecture system.^The SAE Architecture is an all IP based network.

^A large amount of the work is aimed at simplifying the architecture of the system, as it evolves from the existing hybrid (packet and circuit switching) network, to an all-IP flat architecture system.

Timetable

In early 2008, LTE test equipment began shipping from several vendors, and at the Mobile World Congress 2008 in Barcelona Ericsson demonstrated the world’s first end-to-end mobile call enabled by LTE on a small handheld device.

.The Rel-8 standard was complete enough that hardware designers had been designing chipsets, test equipment and base stations for some time.^Design is completed for quite some time, I just have to do the documentation.

^LTE is also designed with a full Internet Protocol (IP) network infrastructure.

What Is Long Term Evolution. A Basic Explanation of LTE26 January 2010 2:35 UTCwww.brighthub.com [Source type: General]

.See, for example, the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance (NGMN).^The NGMN Alliance continues to drive the realisation of the global mobile society .

* / */ This website is powered by TYPO3 - inspiring people to share! TYPO3 is a free open source Content Management Framework initially created by Kasper Skaarhoj and licensed under GNU/GPL. TYPO3 is copyright 1998-2008 of Kasper Skaarhoj. Extensions are copyright of their respective owners. Information and contribution at http://typo3.com/ and http://typo3.org/--> next generation mobile networks: Archive1 February 2010 12:39 UTCwww.ngmn.org [Source type: News]

^The Technical Working Group (TWG) of the NGMN Alliance addresses all technical aspects of next generation mobile networks, devices/terminals and services, including standardisation, industrialisation and testing aspects.

* / */ This website is powered by TYPO3 - inspiring people to share! TYPO3 is a free open source Content Management Framework initially created by Kasper Skaarhoj and licensed under GNU/GPL. TYPO3 is copyright 1998-2008 of Kasper Skaarhoj. Extensions are copyright of their respective owners. Information and contribution at http://typo3.com/ and http://typo3.org/--> next generation mobile networks: Technical WG1 February 2010 12:39 UTCwww.ngmn.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^Starent Network’s multimedia core platform will enable Cricket to enhance its current offering of mobile applications such as text messaging, picture messaging and games, and to prepare for the next-generation of multimedia applications.

.In 2004, 3GPP proposed IP as the future for next generation networks and began feasibility studies into All IP Networks (AIPN).^In 2004, 3GPP proposed Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) as the future for next generation networks and began feasibility studies into All IP Networks (AIPN).

.Proposals developed included recommendations for 3GPP Release 7 (2005),[9] which are the foundation of higher level protocols such as LTE. These recommendations are part of the 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE).^LTE is being developed in Releases 8 and 9 of the 3GPP specifications.

Some aspects of All-IP networks, however, were already defined as early as release 4.[10]

E-UTRAN Air Interface

.Release 8's air interface, E-UTRA (Evolved UTRAN, the E- prefix being common to the evolved equivalents of older UMTS components) would be used by UMTS operators deploying their own wireless networks.^Radio The Release 8 air interface, E-UTRA (Evolved UTRA, the E- prefix being common to the evolved equivalents of older UMTS components) would be used by UMTS operators deploying their own wireless networks.

.It's important to note that Release 8 is intended not just for use over E-UTRA, but is also intended for use over any other IP network, including WiMAX and WiFi, and even wired networks.^LTE or WiMax, the other 4G network?

^Femtocells may be stymied by handsets that can't make best use of them, even though an industry agreement has been signed which should make the indoor base stations a fundamental part of future wireless networks including WiMax and LTE .

.The proposed E-UTRAN system uses OFDMA for the downlink (tower to handset) and Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) for the uplink and employs MIMO with up to four antennas per station.^The access schemes differ between the uplink and downlink: OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access is used in the downlink; while SC-FDMA(Single Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access) is used in the uplink.

.The use of Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), a system where the available spectrum is divided into many thin carriers, each on a different frequency, each carrying a part of the signal, enables E-UTRAN to be much more flexible in its use of spectrum than the older CDMA based systems that dominated 3G.^Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ( OFDM ) is used on the downlink to maximize the data rates in the assigned spectrum.

^The use of OFDM, a system where the available spectrum is divided into many thin carriers, each on a different frequency, each carrying a part of the signal, enables E-UTRA to be much more flexible in its use of spectrum than the older CDMA based systems that dominated 3G. CDMA networks require large blocks of spectrum to be allocated to each carrier, to maintain high chip rates, and thus maximize efficiency.

.CDMA networks require large blocks of spectrum to be allocated to each carrier, to maintain high chip rates, and thus maximize efficiency.^The access network will require the allocation of additional spectrum for mobile services.

.Building radios capable of coping with different chip rates (and spectrum bandwidths) is more complex than creating radios that only send and receive one size of carrier, so generally CDMA based systems standardize both.^Building radios capable of coping with different chip rates (and spectrum bandwidths) is more complex than creating radios that only send and receive one size of carrier, so generally CDMA based systems standardize both.

Research and Markets: Long Term Evolution 2009 - The Role of LTE in Mobile Wireless Networks through 201526 January 2010 2:35 UTCwww.businesswire.com [Source type: News]

.Standardizing on a fixed spectrum slice has consequences for the operators deploying the system: too narrow a spectrum slice would mean the efficiency and maximum bandwidth per handset suffers; too wide a spectrum slice, and there are deployment issues for operators short on spectrum.^L O N G T E R M E V O L U T I O N Standardizing on a fixed spectrum slice has consequences for the operators deploying the system: too narrow a spectrum slice would mean the efficiency and maximum bandwidth per handset suffers; too wide a spectrum slice implies deployment issues and spectrum cramming with legacy systems.

.This became a major issue with the US roll-out of UMTS over W-CDMA, where W-CDMA's 5 MHz requirement often left no room in some markets for operators to co-deploy it with existing GSM standards.^This became a major issue in the US roll-out of UMTS over W-CDMA, where W- CDMA's 5 MHz requirement often left no room in some markets for operators to co-deploy it with existing GSM standards.

^GPP recently reported LTE's peak theoretical downlink throughput rates of up to 326 Mbps in 2X20 MHz with 4X4 MIMO. Based upon some vendors' UMTS/HSPA infrastructure being deployed in 2007, operators may be able to migrate to LTE through a straightforward upgrade.

^What better reason for operators around the world to spend years in planning and billions in acquiring spectrum, radio infrastructure and cell towers - and even more years and billions in deploying and rolling out the technology.

^Furthermore, 802.16 already supports FDD (although the WiMAX Forum still has to define a profile for it), and LTE is being developed with both FDD and TDD modes (though FDD is expected to be the main market).

.While FDD makes use of paired spectra for UL and DL transmission separated by a duplex frequency gap, TDD is alternating using the same spectral resources used for UL and DL, separated by guard time[13].^LTE also supports frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) .

^Technically, two versions of LTE will coexist: Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) LTE and Time Division Duplex (TDD) LTE. These are a compromise technology hangover - FDD follows on from W-CDMA, and TDD from TD-SCDMA. A key issue for the industry is to produce chipsets that can handle both forms, so that a single handset can automatically switch between them and be used globally.

.Each mode has its own frame structure within LTE and these are aligned with each other meaning that similar hardware can be used in the base stations and terminals to allow for economy of scale.^Downlink LTE uses OFDM for the downlink – that is, from the base station to the terminal.

.OFDM meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost-efficient solutions for very wide carriers with high peak rates.^OFDM meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost- efficient solutions for very wide carriers with high peak rates.

^LTE radio systems are designed to provide both greater levels of radio spectrum efficiency through use of new radio transmission schemes and advanced multi-antenna technologies, and a more flexible utilization of radio spectrum through support of carrier bandwidths ranging from 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz (subject to 3GPP ratification).

^It is a well-established technology, for example in standards such as IEEE 802.11a/b/g, 802.16, HIPERLAN-2, DVB and DAB. 20 L O N G T E R M E V O L U T I O N In the time domain you have a radio frame that is 10 ms long and consists of 10 sub frames of 1 ms each.

Every sub frame consists of 2 slots where each slot is 0.5 ms. The subcarrier spacing in the frequency domain is 15 kHz. .Twelve of these subcarriers together (per slot) is called a resource block so one resource block is 180 kHz.^Twelve of these subcarriers together (per slot) is called a resource block so one resource block is 180 kHz.

.The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) is used for all the data transmission, the Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH) is used for broadcast transmission using a Single Frequency Network, and the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) is used to send most important system information within the cell[14].^This was all done within a single cell organism.

.Supported modulation formats on the PDSCH are QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM.^Supported modulation formats on the uplink data channels are QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM. If virtual MIMO / Spatial division multiple access (SDMA) is introduced the data rate in the uplink direction can be increased depending on the number of antennas at the base station.

.For MIMO operation, a distinction is made between single user MIMO, for enhancing one user's data throughput, and multi user MIMO for enhancing the cell throughput.^Supported modulation formats on the downlink data channels are QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM. For MIMO operation, a distinction is made between single user MIMO, for enhancing one user's data throughput, and multi user MIMO for enhancing the cell throughput.

.High PAPR requires expensive and inefficient power amplifiers with high requirements on linearity, which increases the cost of the terminal and drains the battery faster.^High PAPR requires expensive and inefficient power amplifiers with high requirements on linearity, which increases the cost of the terminal and drains the battery faster.

^GPP's high-level requirements for LTE include reduced cost per bit, better service provisioning, flexible use of new and existing frequency bands, simplified network architecture with open interfaces, and an allowance for reasonable power consumption by terminals.

.SC-FDMA solves this problem by grouping together the resource blocks in a way that reduces the need for linearity, and so power consumption, in the power amplifier.^SC-FDMA solves this problem by grouping together the resource blocks in such a way that reduces the need for linearity, and so power consumption, in the power amplifier.

^Additionally, the question of when a terminal is eligible for coordinated transmission needs to be addressed since the tradeoff between cell average throughput and cell edge performance has to be optimized.

.While the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) is only used for initial access and when the UE is not uplink synchronized[15], all the data is sent on the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).^Uplink physical channel .

Supported modulation formats on the uplink data channel are QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM.

.If virtual MIMO / Spatial division multiple access (SDMA) is introduced the data rate in the uplink direction can be increased depending on the number of antennas at the base station.^Supported modulation formats on the uplink data channels are QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM. If virtual MIMO / Spatial division multiple access (SDMA) is introduced the data rate in the uplink direction can be increased depending on the number of antennas at the base station.

^The technology can potentially offer downlink speeds of 100 Mbit/s, with a roadmap to more than 300 Mbit/s using 4x4 MIMO. For operators, LTE offers a migration path to an all-IP mobile broadband network.

.As live applications two users streaming an HD-TV video in the downlink and playing an interactive game in the uplink have been demonstrated.^This secure application allows the tipster and the investigator to have two-way dialog while always keeping the user ’ s identity completely anonymous.

The first presentation of an LTE demonstrator with HDTV streaming (>30 Mbit/s), video supervision and Mobile IP-based handover between the LTE radio demonstrator and the commercially available HSDPA radio system was shown during the ITU trade fair in Hong Kong in December 2006 by Siemens Communication Department.

In February 2007, Ericsson demonstrated for the first time in the world LTE with bit rates up to 144 Mbit/s[23]

In September 2007, NTT docomo demonstrated LTE data rates of 200 Mbit/s with power consumption below 100 mW during the test.

^His research interests are in the areas of systems, software, protocols and security for dynamic spectrum access networks, integrated public wireless networks, and multi-hop all-wireless mesh networks.

.This runs on a common hardware platform (multi-mode / software defined radio) with their WiMAX architecture.^The design complexity or difficulty of designing implementations of such algorithms calls for flexible software-based solutions, that is, software defined radio (SDR).

^Mobile phone carrier Verizon Wireless announced on Thursday that handset vendor Motorola was present at the International 2010 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas to demonstrate wireless HD video streaming on LTE. The demonstration is being made over Verizon's pre-commercial LTE network with 4G LTE data card...

In April 2008 Ericsson unveiled its M700 mobile platform, the world’s first commercially available LTE-capable platform, with peak data rates of up to 100 Mbit/s in the downlink and up to 50 Mbit/s in the uplink.

.The first products based on M700 will be data devices such as laptop modems, Expresscards and USB modems for notebooks, as well other small-form modems suitable for consumer electronic devices.^The deployment of laptops and other consumer devices that fea...

In October 2009, Alcatel-Lucent's Bell Labs, Deutsche Telekom Laboratories, the Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz Institut and antenna supplier Kathrein conducted live field tests of a technology called Coordinated Multipoint Transmission (CoMP) aimed at increasing the data transmission speeds of Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 3G networks.

^A complete description of long term evolution including lte advanced.

^Infrastructure telecommunications provider Nokia Siemens Networks has announced today that it is conducting end-to-end LTE interoperability testing with four of the world’s leading mobile phone vendors.

^The stated aim of the collaboration is to "co-operate for the production of a complete set of globally applicable Technical Specifications for a 3rd Generation Mobile System based on the evolved GSM core networks and the radio access technologies supported by 3GPP partners (i.e., UTRA both FDD and TDD modes)" .

In August 2009 Telefónica selected six countries to field-test LTE in the succeeding months: Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany and the Czech Republic in Europe, and Brazil and Argentina in Latin America.

^TeliaSonera may have signed the first LTE contracts but may not be the first telco with a commercial LTE network.

^By Contributor Wireless and Mobile News on November 29, 2007 11:56 AM Verizon today announced plans to develop and deploy its fourth generation mobile broadband network using LTE - Long Term Evolution - the technology developed within the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards organization.

.Despite initial development of the rival UMB standard, which was designed as an upgrade path for CDMA networks, most operators of networks based upon the latter system have also announced their intent to migrate to LTE, resulting in discontinuation of UMB development.^Co-existence with legacy standards (users can transparently start a call or transfer of data in an area using an LTE standard, and should coverage be unavailable, continue the operation without any action on their part using GSM/GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS or even 3GPP2 networks such as cdmaOne or CDMA2000) .

^By Contributor Wireless and Mobile News on November 29, 2007 11:56 AM Verizon today announced plans to develop and deploy its fourth generation mobile broadband network using LTE - Long Term Evolution - the technology developed within the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards organization.

^Legacy monitoring systems are not designed with the flexibility and scalability to provide a complete network view with the data, reports and alarms required to proactively manage multi-technology, multi-protocol networks.

^Co-existence with legacy standards (users can transparently start a call or transfer of data in an area using an LTE standard, and should coverage be unavailable, continue the operation without any action on their part using GSM/GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS or even 3GPP2 networks such as cdmaOne or CDMA2000) .

.Some newcomers to the mobile phone market are or will be using LTE for their networks.^Today, specifications for LTE are encapsulated in 3GPP Release 8, the newest set of standards that defines the technical evolution of 3GPP mobile network systems.

^By Contributor Wireless and Mobile News on November 29, 2007 11:56 AM Verizon today announced plans to develop and deploy its fourth generation mobile broadband network using LTE - Long Term Evolution - the technology developed within the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards organization.

.14 2010, at its HQ office, an agreement with three global giants in the provision of 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE): Motorola, Ericsson and Huawei.The agreement covered the implementation of phase one of the 4G LTE covering 4 major cities: Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam and Al-Khobar.^A complete description of long term evolution including lte advanced.

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