HWST107 Final

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James Blount

an American statesman, soldier and congressman. He led an investigation

into the alleged American involvement in the overthrow of the Kingdom

of Hawai'i.

Sanford Dole

a politician and juristof Hawaiʻi as a kingdom, protectorate, republic and territory. participated in a revolution in 1887 in which local businessmen, sugar planters and politicians backed by the Honolulu Rifles forced adoption of the 1887 Constitution of

the Kingdom of Hawaii written by Interior Minister Lorrin A. Thurston. It stripped voting rights from all

Asians outright, and disenfranchised poor Native Hawaiians and other citizens by imposing income

and wealth requirements for voting, thus effectively consolidating power

with the elite Native Hawaiian, European and American subjects of the

kingdom. In addition, it minimized the power of the monarch in favor of

more influential governance by the Privy Council, the royal cabinet.

Kalākaua later appointed Dole a justice of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi

Supreme Court.

Kauikeaouli (Kamehameha III)

Hawaii evolved from an absolute monarchy to a Christian

constitutional monarchy with the

signing of both the 1840 Constitution

and 1852 Constitution.

He was the longest reigning

monarch in the history of the Kingdom, ruling for 29 years and 192

days, although in the early part of his reign he was under a regency by

Queen Kaʻahumanu and later by Kaʻahumanu

II. His goal was the careful balancing of modernization by adopting

Western ways, while keeping his nation intact. As the years passed,

Kamehameha III found himself resigned to the changing landscape of

Hawaii. His rebellious nature softened as his authority was compromised

by outside influences.

Alexander Liholiho Iolani (Kamehameha IV)

Alexander and Queen Emma devoted much of their reign to providing

quality healthcare and education

for their subjects. They were concerned that foreign ailments and

diseases like leprosy and influenza

were decimating the native Hawaiian population. In 1855, Alexander

addressed his legislature to promote an ambitious public healthcare

agenda that included the building of public hospitals and homes for the

elderly. The legislature, empowered by the Constitution of 1852

which limited the King's authority, struck down the healthcare plan.

Kalākaua

King Kalākaua earned the nickname "the Merrie Monarch," because of his

love of joyful elements of life. This was a reference to the nickname of

the pleasure-loving Charles II of England. Under his reign, hula was

revived, which had been banned by Queen Ka'ahumanu in the 1830 after

converting to Christianity. Today, his name lives on in the Merrie Monarch Festival, a hula

festival named in his honor. He is also known to have revived the

Hawaiian martial art, Lua,

and surfing.

He and his brother and sisters were known as the "Royal Fours" for

their musical talents. He wrote Hawaii Ponoi, which is the state song of Hawaii

today. King Kalākaua's ardent support of the then newly-introduced ukulele

as a Hawaiian instrument led to its becoming symbolic of Hawaii and

Hawaiian culture.[citation needed]

Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole

After the rule of the House of Kamehameha ended with the death of King Kamehameha

V in 1872, and King Liholiho died in 1874, the House of Kalākaua ascended to the throne of the Kingdom

of Hawaiʻi. He became an orphan after his father

died in 1880 and mother in 1884. Kalanianaʻole was

adopted by King David Kalākaua's wife, Queen Kapiʻolani, who was his maternal aunt. This

practice was called hānai, a traditional form of adoption widely

used in ancient Hawaii which made Kalanianaʻole

a royal prince. When Kalākaua came to power Kalanianaʻole

was appointed to the royal Cabinet administering the Department of the

Interior. After Kalākaua's death in 1891, Liliʻuokalani

became queen, and she continued to favour Kalanianaʻole.

However, in 1893 the overthrow of the Kingdom of

Hawaii put in power first a Provisional Government of

Hawaii, and then a republic with no role for monarchs. Liliʻuokalani

continued to hope she could be restored to the throne, while American

businesmen lobbied for annexation.

Liliʻuokalani

Liliʻuokalani was arrested on 16 January 1895

(several days after a failed rebellion by Robert Wilcox) when firearms

were found in the gardens of her home, of which she denied any

knowledge. She was sentenced to five years of hard labor in prison by a

military tribunal and fined $5,000, but the sentence was commuted to

imprisonment in an upstairs bedroom of ʻIolani Palace, where she composed many

famous songs including The Queen's Prayer (Ke Aloha o Ka Haku) and began

work on her memoirs, Hawaiʻi's Story by Hawaiʻi's

Queen.

Upon her death, Liliʻuokalani dictated in her will that all of

her possessions and properties be sold and the money raised would go to

the Queen Liliʻuokalani Children's Trust to help orphaned

and indigent children. The Queen Liliʻuokalani

Trust Fund is still in existence today.

Commander George Paulett

The

Paulet Affair (1843)

Lord George Paulet

An even more serious threat occurred on February 13, 1843. Lord George

Paulet of the Royal Navy warship HMS Carysfort, entered Honolulu Harbor and

demanded that King Kamehameha III cede the islands to the British Crown.[2]

Under the guns of the frigate, Kamehameha III surrendered to Paulet on

February 25, writing to his people:

"Where are you, chiefs, people, and commons from my ancestors, and

people from foreign lands?

Hear ye! I make known to you that I am in perplexity by reason of

difficulties into which I have been brought without cause, therefore I

have given away the life of our land. Hear ye! but my rule over you, my

people, and your privileges will continue, for I have hope that the life

of the land will be restored when my conduct is justified.

Done at Honolulu, Oahu, this 25th day of February, 1843.

Kamehameha III

Kekauluohi"[3]

Lazarus Salii

politician from Palau. He served as the third President of Palau from 25 October 1985 until he committed

suicide on 20 August 1988, amid bribery allegations.[1]

Salii was involved in the Palau Constitutional Convention of 1978.

After the Constitution took effect in 1981, he became an ambassador

until 1984, when he became a senator, representing Koror in the

Palau National Congress.

John L. Stevens

was the United States Department of

State Minister to the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893 when he was accused of conspiring

to overthrow Queen Liliuokalani in association with the Committee of Safety, led by Lorrin A. Thurston and Sanford B. Dole – the first Americans attempting to overthrow a

diplomat, was also a Maine State Senator who was a founder of the Republican Party in Maine.

Haruo Remeliik

a politician from Palau. He served as the first President of Palau from 2 March 1981 until his assassination

on 30 June 1985. He is buried at Kloulklubed

in his home state of Peleliu. Remeliik was of mixed Japanese and Palauan

descent.

Harold "Freddy" Rice

Rice v. Cayetano, 528

U.S. 495 (2000)[1], was a case

filed in 1996 by Big Island rancher Harold "Freddy" Rice against the state

of Hawaii

and argued before the United States Supreme Court.

In 2000 the court ruled that the state could not restrict eligibility

to vote in elections for the Board of

Trustees of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs to

persons of Native Hawaiian descent.

Admiral Thomas

On July 26 Admiral Thomas sailed into Honolulu harbor on his flagship HMS Dublin. He became Local Representative of

the British Commission (the government of the Provisional Cession) by

out ranking Paulet. His intention was to end the occupation. On July 31,

he handed the islands back to King Kamehameha III who said the words Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina

i ka Pono in a speech during a ceremony to mark his restoration.

Roughly translated from the Hawaiian language it means "The life of the land is

perpetuated in righteousness" and has become the state motto of Hawaii,

incorporated into the Seal of Hawaii.

Lorrin Thurston

lawyer, politician, and businessman born and raised in the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. The grandson of two of the

first Christian missionaries to Hawaiʻi, Thurston

played a prominent role in the overthrow

of the Hawaiian Kingdom that replaced Queen

Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, dominated by American interests. He

published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (forerunner of the

present-day Honolulu Advertiser), and owned

other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916 he and friends lobbied with

national politicians to create a National Park to preserve the Hawaiian

Volcanoes.

July 1887 Thurston authored what is called the "Bayonet Constitution"

because it was imposed under threat by the Honolulu Rifle Company

militia. It stripped the monarch King Kalākaua of all executive power,

and Thurston became the powerful Interior Minister. Voting rights and

membership of the legislature were based on property ownership,

resulting in effective control by wealthy Americans and Europeans. In

1892 he led the Annexation Club, later adopting the more dramatic title Committee of Safety, which

planned for making Hawaii a territory of the United

States.

John Waiheʻe

fourth Governor of Hawaiʻi from 1986 to 1994. He was

the first American of Native Hawaiian descent to be elected

to the office from any state of the United

States. After his tenure in the governor's office, Waiheʻe

became a nationally prominent attorney

and lobbyist.

Robert Wilcox

nicknamed the Iron Duke of Hawaiʻi, was a

native Hawaiian revolutionary soldier

and politician. He led uprisings against both the government of the Kingdom of Hawaii under King Kalākaua and the Republic of Hawaii under Sanford Dole, what are now known

as the Wilcox rebellions. He was later elected

the first delegate to the United States Congress for the Territory of Hawaii.

Myth of the noble savage

Scientific Racism

"noble savage" originally expressed the concept of the natural

man, unencumbered by either civilization

or divine

revelation. Although the phrase noble savage first appeared

in the seventeenth century in Dryden's

heroic play, The Conquest of Granada (1672), it became

identified with the idealized picture of "nature's gentleman", which was

an aspect of eighteenth-century sentimentalism.

Polarized Cultures

The European and Polynesian worlds differed in major ways-economic organization,social and political organization, and cultural and environmentalvaluation. In their moral relationships and in their appreciation of the individualand the collective, these societies were worlds apart. It is thesedifferences we must clarify before we can determine the source of culturalperceptions or judge their effects

Communal Societies

those material means essential to the survivalof the individual or group are either actively held in common or, what isequivalent, constitute readily accessible economic goods. "

Ea

life and sovereignty, or the mana to control the heavens and earth, would give life tothe Hawaiian people, and they would be preserved by their 40,000 Akua.