Abstract : Since the 60 observed in border areas a double process: the first is a trans-nationalization of productive lands and the second is an informalisation of industrial sectors including market sector with the connection. In this era of globalization that hits southern countries since the mid-60s our communication will focus specifically on two well-studied phenomena but not necessarily always articulated in their implications. Ie we focus our gaze on the establishment and development of the labour management policy by linking it to the evolution of transnational companies and frontier model.
We have already developed in other writings (Mercier, 1997, 2009; Mercier and Da Cruz, 2010) analysis of the development and implications of the free zones of border industrial export and consequences on the development of national territories. And we presented this globalization (Veltz, 1996), as a global capitalism management device, or as a device that is to overcome certain common rights on customs and trade policy. But above all we have insisted that the general principle of this device allowed to stay for a period eventually determined the common rights of a country to make the most of the local and international environment.
Borrows some optimism we observed in the 90's, some integration of these border areas liberated in the local economy and suddenly a valuation of the workforce and its development, particularly with process improvement of production. We were shown while the growing expertise of these companies guaranteed through processing standards improved working conditions and allowed the qualification of labour and especially the establishment of collective claims areas.
Since the 2000s (specifically since 1995) situations have greatly degraded in terms of employment management, basically because the labour that was allied a number of these offshore companies has become the indispensable enemy. This degradation of labour relations in border areas pose the outset two major conclusions
- The epiphenomenon of the implementation of quality policies in the late 80-90 years (1980-1994), of bringing the worker and the client in the process of the centre is finally finished or was just a ephemeral extra mode
- The maquiladora model (which was originally developed at the borders of countries with strong economic differential only) was developed and is distributed in the territories and is no longer confined to border areas, ie it became the model companies in the world and not just in the country suds. Notably resulting in tax-free devices backs.
We will develop our communication in three time first we will present the beginnings of this business relationship and outsourced management of labour (the maquiladora model labour management) standardization phase of the relationship, then we describe the relationship of this professionalization phase (the total quality model of labour management) and finally we present the outsourcing phase of this relationship (the offshore model labour management).