Container List

Letters in support of the demonstrators, political proclamations, news reports, commentaries, and newspaper articles written
or copied by students and civilians of Beijing. In addition, there are news reports and letters of protest from foreign countries
and prominent Overseas Chinese students and scholars.

Flyers, mostly printed, by students of Beijing University, include letters and news reports addressed to soldiers, civilians,
and the world community, as well as general comments on the imposition of martial law, government leaders, the Democracy Movement,
and freedom of the press.

(3) [chinese characters] "Guangming yu heian de zuihou juezhan—shoudu gejie lianxi huiyi guanyu shiju de shengming" (The final
battle between light and darkness—declaration of the united meeting on the current situation representing all walks of life
in the capital), May 23, 1989.

Telegram sent to Deng Xiaoping by a group of distinguished Chinese-American scientists and Nobel Prize winners, asking him
to remove the army from Beijing and to resolve the political crisis peacefully in order to successfully continue his reform
program.

(2) [chinese characters] "Guanyu zuzhi Beijing gaoxiao lianhe changzheng xuanchuan dui de changyi" (Concerning a proposal
to form a Long March propaganda team in the Beijing institutes of higher education), June 2, 1989, 1 pp.

The first letter appeals for support of the student movement in Beijing. The second calls for students in Beijing to begin
a "Long March" to farms and factories in order to express their democratic ideals.

The article criticizes the tactics of the government as totalitarian. It also accuses Deng Xiaoping, as the supreme leader
in China, of acting like a modern emperor. The author calls on the people, in light of the millions who have died over the
previous forty years from political persecution and man-made famine, to rise up and overthrow the "feudal system" of China.

This temporary constitution of the Autonomous Workers' Union of the Capital includes the union's purpose, membership rules,
and organizational structure.

Subject codes: CC01 CC03

Box 1

AC 1020.
Personal accounts of the apprehension of two members of the Flying Tiger team. Beijing. May 29 and 31, 1989.

Physical Description: 1 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Very brief accounts of their apprehension by plainclothes policemen and the physical abuse that they suffered upon reaching
the police station. The reports also discuss the role played by the Flying Tigers in the Democracy Movement.

Press release on the formation of the independent union and the government's attempt to suppress it.

Subject codes: CC03

Box 1

AC 1022.
[chinese characters] Min sheng (People's voice [this is the name at the top of a flyer, not a periodical]). [chinese characters]
"Ju wairen de zishu: Ye zuo yi hui Zhongguoren" (An outsider's personal account: Getting to also play the part of a Chinese).
Beijing.
May 30, 1989.

Physical Description: 2 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Eyewitness account by a physically disabled writer of what he saw and felt in Tiananmen Square from May 17 to May 30. He comments
on the exclusion of the disabled from recognition as citizens.

Subject codes: CB01

Box 1

AC 1023.
[chinese characters] "Minzhuzhishen diaoxiang luocheng xuanyan" (Dedication of the Goddess of Democracy statue) [Title of
first of three documents on the Goddess of Democracystatue]. Beijing.
May 30, 1990.

Physical Description: 3 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Three letters and announcements written by the students of eight arts universities in Beijing to declare their purpose in
creating the Goddess of Democracy statue and to protest the government's political pressure.

Open letters and flyers by the students of Beijing University, includes letters and news reports addressed to soldiers, civilians,
and the world community, as well as general comments on the imposition of martial law, government leaders, the Democracy Movement,
and freedom of the press.

Declaration by four prominent intellectuals—[chinese characters] (Liu Xiaobo, Zhou Duo, Hou Dejian, and Gao Xin) — of the
intent and specifics, including the basic slogans and timetable, of the Democracy Movement hunger strike.

Printed sheet over names of seven well-known generals, Zhang Aiping, Xiao Ke, Ye Fei, Yang Dezhi, Song Shilun, Chen Zaidao,
and Li Jukui. Asserts that the People's Liberation Army belongs to the people and therefore should not be used against them.
Suggests that sending the army into Beijing would only cause more conflict.

Subject codes: CC04

Box 1

AC 1035.
[chinese characters] "Yi wei wugu beida Fada ren de kongsu" (A brief on behalf of an innocent student of the University of
Law who was beaten). Beijing.
Undated, approximately early June, 1989.

Physical Description: 1 pp.

Scope and Content Note

A law student recounts how he was beaten on May 30, 1989, by policemen in front of the People's Supreme Court because of his
effort to protect a citizen from a beating.

AC 1037.
Conference Secreteriat of the First Congress of Chinese Students and Scholars in the United States. [chinese characters] "Diyi
jie quan Mei Zhongguo xuesheng xuezhe daibiao dahui" (The First Congress of Chinese Students and Scholars in the United States).
Chicago.
Mid-July 1989.

Physical Description: 8 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Introductory packet and agenda for a July 28-30, 1989, conference of Chinese students and scholars, hosted by Chinese student
groups at Northwestern University, the University of Chicago, and the University of Illinois.

Flyer accompanied by a sample letter and six pages of supporting documentation by a Hong Kong-based organization proposing
that people write at least one letter to someone in China, the purpose of which is to relate the events of the Tiananmen Incident
to the Chinese people.

Fax message from the University of Southern California Chinese Students and Scholars Association to the UCLA Center for Pacific
Rim Studies, regarding the news release for the Ad Hoc Committee to welcome leaders of the Democracy Movement.

This new policy requires that students who have received any degree beyond a high school diploma must repay the Chinese government
for the cost of their higher education before leaving the country. This change occured in the aftermath of the 1989 Democracy
Movement.

The Chinese government's policy after the Democracy Movement is to classify Overseas Chinese students into two statuses according
to their reaction to the movement. The document also outlines the reeducation policy for those who have protested the government's
actions.

Letter from Wachs and eleven other members of the City Council asks Bush to express support for the Chinese people.

Subject codes: EE01

Box 1

AE 1002.
Los Angeles Consulate General of the People's Republic of China. "What Has Happened in Beijing?" Los Angeles. June 5, 1989.

Physical Description: 9 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Official account of the events of June 3 and 4 and of the necessity for imposing martial law ("A counter-revolutionary rebellion
broke out in Beijing on June 3 and 4 after more than month of turmoil").

Subject codes: ED04 EC01

Box 1

AE 1003.
Board of Directors, National Committee on United States-China Relations. New York. June 5, 1989.

Physical Description: 1 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Public letter expressing the board's regret at the violent suppression in Tiananmen during the night of June 3-4, and announcing
the postponement of some programs between the two countries.

Subject codes: EE01

Box 1

AE 1004.
"Australian Intelligence Report." Beijing. June 6, 1989.

Physical Description: 3 pp.

Scope and Content Note

A June 21 summary distributed over International Fidonet BBSes of a purported June 6 cable from the Australian Embassy in
Beijing to the Australian government, including graphic details of supression of demonstrators.

Letters, petitions, and drafts of letters addressed to various officials and bodies, from the National People's Congress to
President Bush. Includes endorsements by many distinguished scholars and UCLA professors.

Call for a meeting at Sandy Brown's apartment to raise funds for the Democracy Movement in China. Includes an English translation
of a June 3 phone conversation between Chinese students in Beijing and three Chinese students at the California Institute
of Technology.

June 10 letter in Chinese promoting fund-raising for those who died in Beijing and lending of a fax machine from the San Fernando
Valley Chinese Cultural Association to the UCLA Chinese Students and Scholars Association. English material from same organization
in August around events for visit to Los Angeles by Wu'er Kaixi and Yan Jiaqi.

John Crowley, Association of American Universities, Washington, DC, forwards to a large list (included) of U.S. university
chancellors Bloch's announcement that NSA will seek to offer additional funding to Chinese NSF grantees who decide to extend
their stays in the United States in the aftermath of the Tiananmen Incident.

Summary of Senator Wilson's position as stated in his appearence on CNN and the text of his proposed resolution.

Subject codes: EE01

Box 1

AE 1019.
Press report. NP. June 17, 1989.

Physical Description: 1 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Copy of a page from an unidentified American journal, which reports that the U.S. National Academy of Sciences has suspended
all collaboration with Chinese institutions.

Subject codes: EE02

Box 1

AE 1020.
Organizing Committee of Southern California for the Democratic Movement in China. "An Open Letter to the Officials of the
Consulate of the People's Republic of China." Los Angeles.
June 18, 1989.

Physical Description: 2 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Letter in English and Chinese appealing to officials of the Chinese Consulate in Los Angeles to defect as a protest against
the suppression in Beijing. The letter promises that the organization will provide help to any officials who do so.

Announces founding of the
Press Freedom Herald by thirty former PRC editors and journalists. Says editions were printed in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, San Francisco, Philadelphia,
Maryland, and Indiana.

Subject codes: EE03

Box 2

AE 1024.
"Testimony of the U.S. Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Before the House Subcommittee on Immigration,
Refugees and International Law, Concerning the Deferral of the Enforced Departure of Nationals of the Peoples' Republic of
China and H.R. 2712, the Emergency Chinese Adjustment of Status Facilitation Act of 1989." Washington, DC.
June 20, 1989.

Physical Description: 9 pp.

Scope and Content Note

INS statement delineating why it opposes the H.R. 2712, which provides a blanket waiver of the foreign residence requirement.

Announcement that July 1, 1989, is to be "Democracy Day" "for the victims of the Beijing violence on June 3-4." Includes a
list of organizers and events held in various cities in the United States.

Subject codes: EE03 CE03

Box 2

AE 1031.
Nathan Gardela (executive director, Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions). "Fund for Chinese Democracy: A Project
of the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions." Santa Barbara, California.
ND, but has fax date of June 29, 1989.

Physical Description: 2 pp.

Scope and Content Note

A suggestion to set up a fund to support intellectuals who fled China.

Letter from one Chinese professor to another proposes establishment of a political action group to support the Democratic
Movement in China. Also includes marked-up drafts of a letter from Chinese faculty and staff to UCLA Chancellor Young and
minutes of a meeting.

AE 1037.
Preparatory documents for a July 15, 1989, meeting of Chinese professional groups at the California Institute of Technology.
Pasadena, California.
July 4, 1989.

Physical Description: 9 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Five associations of Chinese scientists, professors, and other professionals with committees at nine Southern California universities
call a meeting "for serious discussion on human rights and democracy in China."

Announcement of second meeting of this organization and agenda from its first meeting.

Subject codes: EE02

Box 2

AE 1045.
Typed information sheet and a press clippping on extention of visas for Chinese students in the United States. July 1989.

Physical Description: 3 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Includes a typed summary, source unidentified, circulated at UCLA, probably to administrators, on congressional bills concerning
visas for Chinese nationals. Also an article by Goldie Blumenstyk, "New U.S. Visa Rules for Chinese Students Challenged as
Risky," Washington, DC:
The Chronicle of Higher Education, July 12, 1989.

Concerns participants in a telephone conference panel on "The United States Response to Events in China," July 26, 1989, at
Los Angeles Harbor College. Includes summary of discussion with students on this isssue.

Form letter and petition to California Senate and House delegations urging them to support bills that extend the visas of
Chinese students.

Subject codes: EE04

Box 2

AE 1053.
Minutes of two meetings of the Ad-hoc Committee to Welcome the Leaders of the Chinese Democracy Movement, held at the California
Institute of Technology, July 31 and August 4, 1989. Pasadena, California.

Physical Description: 5 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Includes the schedule for an August 11 visit to Los Angeles by five leaders of the China Democracy Movement.

Subject codes: EE03

Box 2

AE 1054.
Michael S. Duke. "Reflections on the Tiananmen Massacre." Vancouver. ND, written in July 1989.

Physical Description: 21 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Analysis of the Tiananmen events by a professor at the University of British Columbia who was at Beijing University May 18-June
7, 1989. His essay concerns three broad areas: the 1989 Democracy Movement in historical perspective, alternative scenarios
for China's future, and the possible roles of the industrialized democracies in their future relations with China.

Includes the itinerary of the Chinese Democracy Movement leaders' visit to Los Angeles, specifying their public appearances.

Subject codes: EE03

Box 2

AE 1062.
Los Angeles Consulate General of the People's Republic of China. "Interview of Composer Hou De-Jian on His Witnessing the
Clearing of Tiananmen Square on 4th June." Los Angeles.
August 17, 1989.

Physical Description: 2 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Xinhua News Agency account of a press conference given by expatriate Taiwanese singer Hou Dejian at his home in Beijing, on
his experience on the night of June 3 and the early morning of June 4.

Subject codes: ED04

Box 2

AE 1063.
Potter Chang (professor and chairman of the Coordinating Committee, Chinese American Faculty and Staff Association of the
University of California, Los Angeles). Los Angeles.
August 21, 1989.

Physical Description: 1 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Letter to UCLA Chancellor Charles Young suggesting measures UCLA could take to support the Democarcy Movement in China.

Bentley urges supporters to write to other members of the State Assembly in support of her bill to prohibit investment in
companies that invest in China.

Subject codes: EE01 EC04

Box 2

AE 1065.
"The Role of Chinese Intellectuals in the Pro-Democracy Movement." Los Angeles. August 29, 1989.

Physical Description: 1 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Announcement of a forum by Professor Perry Link at UCLA.

Subject codes: CE02

Box 2

AE 1066.
Chinese American Faculty and Staff Association of UCLA. "Meeting Agenda" Los Angeles. For meetings of September 12 and 26, 1989.

Physical Description: 7 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Two drafts of proposed charter of the Chinese American Faculty and Staff Association of the University of California, Los
Angeles.

Subject codes: EE02

Box 2

AE 1067.
Wu Shuqing, Zhang Xiaowen, Shen Shituan, et al. "An Open Letter from the Presidents of Ten Universities in Beijing to U.S.
University Presidents." Beijing.
November 29, 1989.

Physical Description: 3 pp., plus 1 pp. UCLA distribution list.

Scope and Content Note

Expresses opposition to the "Emergency Chinese Immigration Relief Act" (H.R. 2712) on grounds that if Chinese students extend
their stay in the U.S. it will make their ultimate return more difficult.

Subject codes: ED02

Box 2

AE 1068.
David P. Gardner (president, University of California), and the chancellors of the nine UC campuses. Letter to U.S. President.
Oakland, California.
November 29, 1989.

Physical Description: 2 pp., plus 2 pp. cover sheets.

Scope and Content Note

Letter urges President Bush not to veto H.R. 2712, which would extend visas for Chinese students and scholars in the United
States. Includes UCLA distribution list and fax cover sheet from Gardner.

Subject codes: EE02

Box 2

AE 1069.
UCLA Office of International Students and Scholars. "Changes in U.S. Government Policy Regarding People's Republic of China
Students and Current UCLA Procedures." Los Angeles.
December 13, 1989

Physical Description: 3 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Summary of new U.S. policy on visa extensions for Chinese students and scholars and UCLA procedures for implementation

Cover letter from Gardner with reply from a White House deputy assistant to President Bush to the November 29, 1989, letter
from UC chancellors to President Bush, and including copy of a letter from U.S. Attorney General Thornburgh to Bush on immigration
status of Chinese students and scholars.

Subject codes: EE01

Box 2

AE 1073.
Zhu Qizhen (PRC ambassador to the United States). "Remarks by Ambassador Zhu Qizhen at Dinner Hosted by World Affairs Council,
Los Angeles, California." Los Angeles: Consulate General of the People's Republic of China.
May 16, 1990.

Physical Description: 11 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Remarks on the Chinese government's policy of reform after the events in Beijing and the relationship between the U.S. and
China.

Subject codes: ED01 ED04

III. Articles from Small Circulation Newsletters, Magazines, and Newspapers—In Chinese

Oversize Box 23

BC 1001.
Transcripts of PRC radio broadcasts from Beijing and many other major Chinese cities. April 14-June 7, 1989.

Loose stapled pages of articles on the student movement's activities during April 1989. (For regular issues of this periodical
see Section V, Articles from Commercial Magazines and Newspapers—In Chinese).

Articles and essays including an editorial on the May Fourth Movement, several pieces discussing democracy, freedom of speech,
and assembly. There is also an article on the purpose and tasks of the Beijing student movement and an interview with student
leader Guo Haifeng [chinese characters] .

Includes a call for the creation of a bronze statue of Hu Yaobang, a declaration of support for the Democracy Movement issued
by several well-known intellectuals, and criticisms of the editorial in the April 24, 1989, issue of the
People 's Daily and of the CCP Committee in Shanghai.

Report on decisions in China regarding attitudes to be taken toward Chinese students studying abroad in the United States
and Canada.

Subject codes: CB02 CC04

Box 3

BC 1015.
[chinese characters]
Laiyin tongxin: Zeitungfür Chinesische Wissenschaftler und Studenten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Correspondence along the Rhine: Newspaper for Chinese Scholars and Students in the Federal Republic of Germany). Darmstadt,
Germany: World University Service. Issue #3.
May 1990.

Scope and Content Note

Contains three articles of interest:

(1) [chinese characters] Xiao, [chinese characters] "Ninggu de shunjian" (A frozen moment in time), pp. 4-5. A personal report
on the June 4 incident and the situation in a local hospital.

(2) [chinese characters] Jin Yan, [chinese characters] "6.4, xue ran de rizi" (June 4, a blood red day), p. 6. A reflection
on the students who died on June 4th and Overseas Chinese students.

(3) [chinese characters] Zhang Ming, [chinese characters] 6.4 zhi hou de Beijing shimin xintai" (The feelings of the people
in Beijing after June 4), pp. 7-9. Interviews with Beijing civilians regarding their assessment of the social situation and
the Chinese government since June 4, 1989, as well as their personal sentiments.

Particularly see [chinese characters] Qin Liyan, [chinese characters] "Liuwang zhishifenzi liang da qunluo: Pulinsidun xuepai
yu Zhijiage xuepai" (The two main schools of the exiled Chinese scholars: the Princeton School and the Chicago School), pp.
50-51. The article provides valuable description and comparison of the two main schools in terms of their different political
beliefs and approaches to the Democracy Movement.

Newsletter including a letter to the chairman of the National People's Congress, Wan Li; a speech by Chen Xingyu to Taiwanese
students on their relationship with students from China; and reports on the activities of Overseas Chinese students in support
of the Democracy Movement in China.

Includes a response to comments by Chen Yun and Li Xiannian on the historic experience of the Chinese Communist Party since
1949 and responsibility for the turmoil in 1989, and reports on activities for the release of all the political prisoners
in China.

Reports and commentary on the Democratic Movement, human rights, and the political situation in China.

Subject codes: CC01 CC04

Box 3

BC 1026.
[chinese characters]
Minyun maibo (Pulse of the Democracy Movement). Hong Kong: [chinese characters] Hong Kong Alliance in Support of the Patriotic Democratic
Movement in China. 1991. Unnumbered issue.
Materials in this collection are dated May through July, 1991.

Physical Description: 54 pp.

Scope and Content Note

(1) [chinese characters] Hua Yue, [chinese characters] "Lianyu monan zhong de xing si" (Thinking while being tortured in purgatory),
pp. 1-7. A Chinese intellectual in Beijing who was an activist in the Democracy Movement discusses the relationship between
the Chinese government and intellectuals since 1989. The article praises the role of Chinese intellectuals in the Democracy
Movement and especially Fang Lizhi's actions during and after the student protests and subsequent Tiananmen Incident.

(2) [chinese characters] Gao Xin, [chinese characters] "6.4 hou de Zhongyang gaoceng quan zheng" (The high level power struggle
in the Central Commmitee after June 4), pp. 8-12. The article asserts four main points: that Deng Xiaoping is both the instigator
and suppressor of the student movement; that there is a severe power struggle between Deng and Chen Yun; that Jiang Zemin
is currently facing many difficulties; and finally, that those who come forward to rehabilitate the victims of the June 4
incident will be the future leaders of China.

(3) [chinese characters] Wen Tianxiang, [chinese characters] "Zhinangtuan de beizhuang jieju" (The moving and tragic end of
the think tank), pp. 13-15. The article asserts that the members of Zhao Ziyang's "think tank" played a very important role
in the student movement. They struggled to resolve the crisis peacefully. Their efforts were ultimately overcome by the arrest
of the leading members of the think tank.

(4) [chinese characters] Wan Qian, [chinese characters] "Zou chu Tiananmen, women zou dao nali?" (Where are we going after
leaving Tiananmen Square?), pp. 16-18. An activist in the 1989 Democracy Movement who is still in Beijing reflects on and
severely criticizes the weakness and problems within the movement.

(5) [chinese characters] Mei Jia, [chinese characters] "Zhongguo liuwang zhe zai xifang" (The exiled Chinese in the West),
pp. 19-22. An article concerning the day-to-day lives of the exiled Chinese activists of the 1989 Democracy Movement who fled
China after the Tiananmen Incident. The article discusses their influence and experiences in the Western world.

(6) [chinese characters] Feng Congde (husband of Chai Ling), [chinese characters] "Fansi zhong de kun huo" (Confusion in the
reflection), pp. 23-26. An eyewitness account of the situation on June 3 and 4 in Tiananmen Square, a serious reflection on
the 1989 Democracy Movement, and a self-criticism from one of the most important student leaders.

(7) [chinese characters] Zheng Zhuyuan, [chinese characters] "Tiananmen shijian' yihou de daolu" (The road after the "Tiananmen
Incident"), pp. 27-41. The last chapter of Professer Zheng's book,
Behind the Tiananmen Massacre— Social, Political, and Economic Ferment in China. The author concludes that after the death of the older hardliners, the democratic reformers will carry out major political
and economic change in China. The author speculates that if China and Taiwan were reunified, China would become a modern industrial
nation. The author predicts that the events of June 4, 1989, may prove to be as great a historical turning point as that of
May 4, 1919.

(8) [chinese characters] Qian Xian, [chinese characters] "Qincheng jianyu de pingmin hua" (The plebeianization of Qincheng
Prison), pp. 42-45. A report about the change in the composition of inmates of Qincheng Prison. Instead of being dominated
by senior cadres, as it was during the Cultural Revolution, the jail is now filled with Democracy Movement activists.

(9) [chinese characters] Li Wanfeng, [chinese characters] "Bajiu 'yao fan' jin kuang" (The current situation of the "important
convicts" of 1989), pp. 46-47. A report on the current situation of the activists in China. Many of the leading figures among
the government reformers and the worker and student activists (Bao Tong, Han Dongfang, Li Mingqi, and so forth) are currently
imprisoned in Beijing jails.

(10) [chinese characters] Zeng Huiyan, [chinese characters] "'Huangque xingdong' yu minyun renshi tuoxian" ("Operation Yellow
Bird" and the flight from danger by Democracy Movement participants), pp. 48-52. A report about the actions taken by the Hong
Kong Alliance to aid hundreds of Chinese activists who had participated in the Democracy Movement and wished to flee China.

Brief articles about the Democracy Movement from Hong Kong newpapers, including a report on how the Chinese government strengthened
its control over ideology in the aftermath of the movement and another on the arrest of that a student at Beijing University
after giving a speech commemorating the anniversary of the 1989 movement.

Subject codes: CC01 CC02 CC03 CC05

IV. Articles from Small Circulation Newsletters, Magazines, and Newspapers—In English

W. Kevin Leung, "Congressional Committee Hears Testmony of UCLA Witness to China Massacre," p. 1. Reports that Tong Boning,
a UCLA graduate student, having witnessed the Beijing incident, fears that Chinese students in the United States will be punished
for their protests in the U.S. if they return home

(1) David Hipschman, "Jefferson Fellows: Witnesses to History," pp. 1, 6. Eyewitness accounts of the Chinese students in Tiananmen
Square led by Chai Ling and others during the Beijing Democracy Movement in 1989.

(2) Godwin Chu, "Change in China: Where Have You Gone Mao Zedong?" p. 7. A discussion of the changes in values among the younger
generation since the Mao era.

Reports that approximately 250 Chinese students from UCLA, the University of Southern California, and the California Institute
of Technology protested in Westwood urging President Bush to sign a bill that would allow them to stay in the United States
after they complete their studies.

Eyewitness accounts of the Tiananmen Incident, in the form of individual letters and brief profiles, pp. 4-5.

Subject codes: EE03

Box 4

BE 1013.
Kang Chen. "China's Economic Reform and Social Unrest."
China Report. Washington, DC: Washington Center for China Studies and the Theoretical Research Committee of the Independent Federation
of Chinese Students and Scholars (IFCSS). Vol. 1, no. 1.
March 1990.

Physical Description: 12 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Discussion of the effect of economic disorder on the social unrest in 1989.

Subject codes: EC01

Box 4

BE 1014.
China Report. Washington, DC: Washington Center for China Studies and the Theoretical Research Committee of the Independent Federation
of Chinese Students and Scholars (IFCSS). Vol. 1, no. 2.
April 1990.

Physical Description: 16 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Principal article: Guanzhong James Wen, "China's Rural Institutions and Their Impact on Sources of Growth," pp. 1-12. Emphasizes
the Household Responsibility System. Characterized by uncertainty of property rights, Wen asserts that this system promotes
instability. The author calls for further reform of the existing rural institutional systems to provide farmers with greater
land use security and to ensure their property rights.

Subject codes: EC01 EC05

Box 4

BE 1015.
China Report. Washington, DC: Washington Center for China Studies and the Theoretical Research Committee of the Independent Federation
of Chinese Students and Scholars (IFCSS). Vol. 1, no. 3.
May 1990.

Physical Description: 20 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Main article: Ji-xuan Hu, "The Non-Designability of Living Systems: A Lesson from the Failed Experiments in Socialist Countries,"
pp. 1-17. Hu asserts that one of the causes of the 1989 Democracy Movement was the "nondesignability" of society.

Subject codes: EC01

Box 4

BE 1016.
Jiang Zemin. "Press Release: General-secretary Jiang Zemin Writes to American University Students." Los Angeles: Consulate
General of the People's Republic of China.
June 11, 1990.

Physical Description: 10 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Letter to Valerie O'Regan and other students at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, explaining the
Chinese government's view of the Tiananmen Incident and its policies after June 4, 1989.

Subject codes: ED01

Box 4

BE 1017.
Zhi-yuan Cui. "Marx, Theories of the Firm, and the Socialist Reform."
China Report. Washington, DC: Washington Center for China Studies and the Theoretical Research Committee of the Independent Federation
of Chinese Students and Scholars (IFCSS). Vol. 1, no. 4.
July 1990,

Physical Description: pp. 1-28.

Scope and Content Note

In place of Marx's advocacy of the abolition of private property and its replacement with state ownership under central planning,
Cui proposes three stages of reform, including employee ownership and management, for the transformation of socialist economies.

(1) "Interviews with Detainees Awaiting Execution," pp. 2-4. Report of interviews by a journalist with three prisoners, Xu,
Yan, and Bian who were sentenced to death for "destroying transportation facilities" during the prodemocracy protests in Shanghai
in May and June of 1989.

(2) Hou Dejian, Zhou Duo, Gao Xin, "Letter to the Leaders in China," p. 22.Reportedly the first petition to the Chinese government
from dissidents within China. Hou, Zhou, and Gao appeal for the release of Liu Xiaobo and other participants in the Democracy
Movement.

(3) Dr. Zhang Yu, "Please Help My Jailed Father," p. 24. A visiting Chinese researcher appeals to the newspaper editor for
help for his father. His father was arrested without charge in June 1989 on suspicion that he, as an amateur writer on the
history of the Chinese Communist Party, might be displeased with the military crackdown in China.

(1) Gin Je, "The Truth in the Mirror," pp. 17-24. A personal account of a student at Qinghua University who took part in the
student movement and was imprisoned. The article states that Beijing residents were outraged by the repression of the Democracy
Movement and the reportedly inhumane conditions detainees face in Beijing jails.

(2) Hou Dejian, "I Want to Be a Dissident," pp. 24-29. An interview with Hou obtained in February 1990, describing what he
saw in Tiananmen Square on the night of June 4 and what happened when he subsequently went into hiding.

(3) Arif Dirlik, "Socialism Is Dead, So Why Must We Talk About It?" pp. 30-35. A discussion of the way in which Western observers
misinterpreted China before 1989 and expressed an overly simplistic unity of opinion following the June 4 incident. It concludes
with the author's own analysis of China in recent times.

(4) "A Chronology of Recent Events in China," pp. 36-39. Covers the period from April 3 to July 29, 1989.

Subject codes: EC01 EC02 EC04 EB02 EB03 EB04

Box 4

BE 1020.
China Report. Washington, DC: Washington Center for China Studies and the Theoretical Research Committee of the Independent Federation
of Chinese Students and Scholars (IFCSS). Vol. 1, no. 5.
September 1990.

Physical Description: 46 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Principal article: Xin-shu Zhao and Jian-hua Zhu, "Media Effects on Public Knowledge and Attitudes—The Case of Beijing in
the Reform Era," pp. 1-43. The research is based upon data collected in a large-scale public opinion survey in Beijing in
spring 1989.

(1) "Human Rights in China Campaigns for the Release of Ren Wanding," p. 5. A call for a letter-writing campaign to urge the
Chinese government to release Ren.

(2) Overseas Working Group, Beijing Workers' Autonomous Union, "Appeal for the Release of Chinese Workers," p. 26. An appeal
to the readers to join the campaign for the release of prodemocracy workers.

(3) Yu Shibao, "My Brother Needs Your Help," pp. 26-27.

Subject codes: EB01 EB02 EC05

Box 4

BE 1022.
Wei Ziyuan, "The PRC Way of Death: The Procedure for Execution in China,"
The Voice of Democracy in China. Washington, DC: The Chinese Alliance for Democracy and the Federation for a Democratic China. Vol. 1, no. 3.
October 1990,

Physical Description: pp. 1-2.

Scope and Content Note

Report on typical execution procedures prior to and following June 4, 1989.

Reprint of a chapter from the author's book
China Without Mao: The Search for a New Order (Oxford University Press, 1990). Examines the political situation and the struggle among Chinese leaders before June 4, 1989.

Subject codes: EB02 EC01

Box 4

BE 1024.
Immanuel C.Y. Hsu.
China in Transition, 1986-88: The Cultural Impact of the Open Door Policy. Stockholm: University of Stockholm Center for Pacific Asia Studies. Occasional Paper 12.
November 1990.

Physical Description: 44 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Reprint of a chapter from the author's book
China Without Mao: The Search for a New Order (Oxford University Press,1990).

Subject codes: EC01

Box 4

BE 1025.
The Voice of Democracy in China. Washington, DC: The Chinese Alliance for Democracy and the Federation for a Democractic China. Vol. 1, no. 4.
November-December 1990.

Physical Description: 12 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Articles on the defection of artist Fan Zeng and on the arrest of PLA Lieutenant-Colonel Zhang Zhenlong, as well as a debate
on the attitude to be taken toward local elections in Beijing.

Subject codes: EC01 EE03

Box 4

BE 1026.
The Voice of Democracy in China. Washington, DC: The Chinese Alliance for Democracy and the Federation for a Democractic China. Vol. 2, no. 1.
January-February 1991.

Physical Description: 12 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Reports of appeals to the Chinese government on behalf of political prisoners, of arrests of some unit leaders in the PLA
for opposition to the government, and of persecution of Catholics in China.

Includes a report about Chinese graduate student Ge Xun's trip back to China to show his support for his jailed friend Wang
Juntao (see also e-mail item DE 1090, December 15, 1990). Also includes a financial accounting for $90,000 raised between
November 1, 1990, and March 31, 1991.

Subject codes: EE04

Box 4

BE 1028.
The Voice of Democracy in China. Washington, DC: The Chinese Alliance for Democracy and the Federation for a Democractic China. Vol. 2, no. 6.
March 1991.

Physical Description: 16 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Articles on totalitarianism and possible scenarios for democratizing China, and on China's Taiwan policy.

Contains principally appeals from abroad for the release of political prisoners in China and a chronology of events concerning
the Democracy Movement in 1990. It includes lists of political prisoners and the length of their sentences and a list of persons
associated with the Democracy Movement who had disappeared after being arrested.

BE 1031.
The Voice of Democracy in China. Washington, DC: The Chinese Alliance for Democracy and the Federation for a Democractic China. Vol. 2, no. 7.
April 1991.

Physical Description: 16 pp.

Scope and Content Note

General news and analysis of the prospects for democracy in China.

Subject codes: EC01 EC02 EC03 EC04 EC05

Box 4

BE 1032.
A Changing China. San Francisco: North American Coalition for Chinese Democracy. Vol. 1,no. 2.
Spring 1991.

Physical Description: 24 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Includes:

(1) Bu Ping, "Trials of Dissidents—A Chinese Legal Perspective," p 9.

(2) Articles by Raymond Chan and Norman Quan, "Special Report on the International Human Rights Delegation to Beijing," pp.
10-14. Introduces the members of the international delegation and also addresses the problems and reported abuse faced by
released dissidents and their families.

(3) A report on Fang Lizhi receiving the 1991 Human Rights Award from the International League for Human Rights, p. 22.

Subject codes: EC05 EE01

Box 4

BE 1033.
The Voice of Democracy in China. Washington, DC: The Chinese Alliance for Democracy and the Federation for a Democractic China. Vol. 2, no. 8.
May-June 1991.

Includes Lee Feigon, "The Limits of Tiananmen Democracy: Gender and the Student Movement," pp. 15-19. Discusses Beijing University
students' opinions on sex and gender issues prior to and during the 1989 Democratic Movement. Feigon concludes that lack of
unity on gender issues was a significant factor in the movement's defeat.

Subject codes: EC01 EC02

Box 4

BE 1035.
A Changing China. San Francisco: North American Coalition for Chinese Democracy. Vol. 1, no. 3.
Summer 1991.

Physical Description: 24 pp.

Scope and Content Note

On the second anniversary of the 1989 Democracy Movement, this issue deals with human rights issues in China, such as the
treatment of the Democracy Movement prisoners.

Subject codes: EC01 EC02

Box 4

BE 1036.
A Changing China. San Francisco: North American Coalition for Chinese Democracy. Vol. 2, no. 1.
Winter (January) 1992.

A personal remembrance of Hu Yaobang by a famous author. She views Hu as a leader of reform, a champion of all Chinese, including
Tibetans, and a friend of the intelligentsia, including Overseas Chinese intellectuals.

Subject codes: CC04

Box 5

CC 1004.
Miscelaneous oversize copies of pages from various Hong Kong newspapers. Of those that are dated, they range from April 19 to June 22, 1989.

Editorials on students' activities in memory of Hu Yaobang. The articles consider the activities to represent a patriotic
current offering criticial advice to the government. Some articles express the hope that the government will be more responsive
to the students' activities than it has been in the past.

Editorial in the
People's Daily stating the government's position on any public observance of the death of Hu Yaobang. The editorial requests that the students
in Beijing refrain from holding any memorial ceremony for Hu without permission from the government.

Two articles argue that immediately preceding the 1989 Democracy Movement the political reputation of the Chinese Communist
Party was faltering and the dissatisfaction of party members and intellectuals was growing.

Chen Xitong and Jiang Zemin accuse the students who have engaged in activities since Hu Yaobang's death of causing senseless
turmoil. They call on party members and others in Beijing and Shanghai to put an end to the turmoil. In the assembly in Shanghai,
Jiang Zemin declared that the editor in chief of the
World Economic Herald, Qin Benli, was removed from his position and that the
World Economic Herald was banned.

Commentary on the Chinese student movement. Most of the reportage is sympathetic to the students and expresses the view that
there is significant support for them among the general citizenry of Beijing.

Ren Wanding, a prominant advocate of human rights, argues that the Communist system prevents the Chinese people from enjoying
human rights and equality, and the government's denial of these rights perpetuates this system of repression.

Traces the evolution of students' ideological views and psychological states in the years preceding the Democracy Movement.
The article is based on several surveys conducted by academic institutions in Beijing.

Nine articles on memoralization of Hu Yaobang and the beginnings of the Democracy Movement.

Subject codes: CC02 CC03 CC04

Box 10

CC 1048.
[chinese characters]
Renmin ribao. Beijing.
May 4, 1989.

Physical Description: 2 pp.

Scope and Content Note

(1) [chinese characters] "Shoudu qingnian jihui jinian Wusi" (Young people in the capital convene to commemorate the May Fourth
Movement).

(2) [chinese characters] "Zai jianshe he gaige de xin shidai jinyibu fayang Wusi jingshen" (Carry on the May Fourth spirit
in the new era of construction and reform).

Text of May 3rd speech by Zhao Ziyang and an accompanying news article. This material captures Zhao's subtle support of students
and youth. In the weeks after the Tiananmen Incident, this article was used in conjunction with other records to incriminate
Zhao and remove him from office.

Subject codes: CC02

Box 10

CC 1049
[chinese characters] "Fayang Wusi jingshen, tuijin gaige he xiandaihua shiye" (Carry on the spirit of the May Fourth Movement
in order to advance the task of reform and modernization). [chinese characters]
Renmin ribao. Beijing.
May 4, 1989.

Physical Description: 1 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Editorial in honor of the seventieth anniversary of the 1919 May Fourth Movement.

The author contends that seventy years of Chinese student movements have brought no real reforms to China. He feels that the
students and intellectuals are not mature or experienced enough to build a democratic China.

Analysis of the Chinese Communist Party's legitimacy and the leadership crisis. The author praises the student movement in
Beijing and appeals to the Chinese government to cease referring to the Beijing student movement as "turmoil" and to reform
itself.

The article suggests that the political situation in China since 1949 has been a "vicious circle." Senior party leaders have
repeatedly used the people to attack and depose second-rank leaders, presenting each purge as a popular movement. The cycle
has two characteristics: first, senior leaders use military power to suppress people, in and out of the leadership; second,
senior leaders rely on the traditional notion that the people should be given a role to play on behalf of a wise and open
minded "emperor." The auther predicts the 1989 student movement will break the circle.

A group of reporters assert that the problems of corruption and degeneration within the student movement should be resolved
and the leaders of the movement should carefully manage the donations they have received.

Statistics on the numbers of students from universities outside of Beijing who traveled to the capital to participate in the
demonstrations. The report claims 4,941 students came from 108 universities.

Bing Xin, a famous writer and participant in the 1919 May Fourth Movement, states that the student movement in Tiananmen Square
is a patriotic movement and in significance it will exceed the May Fourth Movement. She describes the situation in Beijing
as the darkness before the dawn. Bing strongly supports the students and declares that she loves all the students who are
fighting for the future of their motherland.

Inside page continuation (front page portion missing). Troops and students dispute the meaning of the Goddess of Democracy,
the martial law decree, and the role of foreigners in the Democracy Movement.

Wang Ruowang asserts that Hu Yaobang did much to protect China's intellectuals. He addresses the issue of what socialism with
Chinese characteristics actually means. He also emphasizes the influence of the banned Chinese newspaper the
World Economic Herald on reform. Finally, Wang discusses the student movement and the general political situation in China before the events in
Tiananmen Square.

Physical Description: 1 pp. (This is the continuation only; the first page is missing.)

Scope and Content Note

Yuan Mu, along with other government and military spokespersons, relates the official version of the incidents on June 3 and
4 in Beijing. He says that the number of deaths among the People's Liberation Army is greater than the number among civilians.
At the time of the interview, Yuan admits that the situation in Beijing is severe and unstable. His version of the Beijing
events reveals that the resistance from students and civilians to the army was very strong.

Speech by the mayor of Shanghai on the student movement in Shanghai and the Tiananmen Incident. Zhu appeals to civilians to
remain calm because the Shanghai government, unlike the authorities in Beijing, will not impose martial law .

Excerpts from one of Wei Jingsheng's major articles criticizes the political situation in China in 1979. Wei argues that the
Four Modernizations (industry, agriculture, science, and national defense) cannot be successful without the Fifth Modernization—democratization.

The article reports on a news conference delivered by the Propaganda Department of the Beijing Committee of the Chinese Communist
Party regarding the events of June 3 and 4. Responses were offered to such questions as: "Is the situation in Beijing serious
enough to be called 'turmoil'?"; and "If the purpose of the troops is to suppress the turmoil, why is the army shooting at
people?"

Brief biographies of twenty-one student leaders listed as most wanted by the Chinese government after the Tiananmen Incident.
Page contains another article reporting Li Peng's remarks at a national party meeting on the danger to Communism posed by
the student movement.

A Chinese American professor's eyewitness accountof and comments on what happened in Beijing. His main point is that persons
in the crowd attacked the army first and the army only killed people after this attack. His account stresses the number of
soldiers who were killed by rock-throwing ruffians. He claims that there are 20,000 former prisoners living in Beijing.

Henry Kissinger discusses issues such as the price reform of 1988, the corruption of Communist power, the new social class
which would be produced by reform, and the traditional methods used to suppress the student movement.

CC 1090.
[chinese characters]
Nan bei ji (North and South Pole, but uses the English title of "The Perspective"). Hong Kong: Long Men Cultural, Inc.
June 1989.

Scope and Content Note

(1) [chinese characters] Li Yu, [chinese characters] "Sanrenbang bi sirenbang geng fandong" (The Gang of Three is even more
reactionary than the Gang of Four), pp. 10-12. A comparison between the April 5th supression of 1976 and the June 4, 1989
incident. The article contains personal accounts of both events with comments.

(1) [chinese characters] Liao Tianqi, [chinese characters] "Xide Zhongguo liuxuesheng de liang du youxing" (Two demonstrations
held by Chinese students in West Germany), pp. 27-29. A report of demonstrations by Chinese students in West Germany in May
1989 to support the students in Tiananmen Square.

Declaration explains why 204 Chinese scholars and students in the United States resigned from the Chinese Communist Party.
They condemn the Chinese government and pledge to fight for a democratic China. Page also contains three other short articles.

William Hinton, an authority on agriculture who spent much time in China from the 1940s and had written widely in support
of the Mao government, declares that the military action taken in China did not represent the wishes of the Chinese people,
or even of the majority of the People's Liberation Army. He witnessed the army assault on East Chang'an Boulevard on June
4th. He says, "I support China and China's revolution, my feelings towards the Chinese people will not be changed, but, I
am not a friend of the Deng and Li faction."

(2) [chinese characters] "Zhongguo minzhu tuanjie lianmeng, minzhu Zhongguo zhenxian lianhe gonggao" (Joint public statement
from the Chinese Alliance for Democracy and the Front for a Democratic China), p. 20. Calls for uniting two of the organizations
of exiled activists.

(1) [chinese characters] "Beijing gongren zizhi lianhehui rizhi" (The journal of the Beijing Autonomous Workers' Union), p.
16. A chronology of the Beijing Autonomous Workers' Union from April 17 to the end of June, 1989.

(2) [chinese characters] Bai Chongqing, [chinese characters] "Yi ben bu yuan bei fang zai lishi lei shujia de shu — jieshao
Gongren qilai le" (Introducing
The Workers Have Arisen— A book that should not be placed in the history book section), p. 17. An introduction to the book
The Workers Have Arisen that emphasizes the role of the workers in the 1989 Democracy Movement.

(3) [chinese characters] Wei Wen, [chinese characters] "Shi 'guang jiazi' hai shi douzheng shi ti — 'gong zi lian' zai ba
jiu minyun de zuoyong" (The role of the Autonomous Workers' Union in the 1989 Democracy Movement — an empty name or an entity
that fights?), pp. 18-20. Analyzes and comments on the role of the Autonomous Workers' Union in the 1989 Democracy Movement.
The fact that the government suppressed the workers ruthlessly indicates that the Communist Party believed the role of the
workers was crucial in the democratic movement.

(1) [chinese characters] Yuan Zhiming, [chinese characters] "Fandongpai yu fanduipai" (Reactionaries and oppositionists),
pp. 8-11. The author delineates the difference between the concepts of "reactionaries" and "opposition factions." While the
former slaughter people and treat them as their enemies, the latter are one of the most vital parts of a democratic society.
An opposition faction in a democratic society can be identified by four characteristics: Indepedence, grouping, openness,
and coexistence with other parties or factions.

(2) [chinese characters] Su Wei, [chinese characters] "Zhonggong de 'dang wenhua'" (The "party culture" of the Chinese Communist
Party), pp. 12-18. "Party culture" is a third culture, in addition to traditional Chinese and Western cultures. It is allegedly
characterized by three elements: cheating, terror, and forgetting. The nature of "party culture" has been the nature of political
culture in Chinese society since 1949.

(3) [chinese characters] Hua Yifu, [chinese characters] "Xin yumin zhuyi: tezheng yu xiandu" (Neo-obscurantism: its characteristics
and its limits), pp. 19-23. The author contends that throughout history, China's leaders have actively worked to withhold
information from the people and use their ignorance to advance themselves politically. Hua argues that the vast changes in
the modern world have made this no longer possible.

(4) [chinese characters] Qi Mo, [chinese characters] "Aiguo yu ziyou" (Patriotism and liberty), pp. 24-28. The author expresses
his belief that the Democracy Movement placed far greater emphasis on patriotism than on freedom and liberty. He calls on
political activists to distinguish these two concepts and work toward their true goal—democracy.

(5) [chinese characters] Chen Xuanliang, [chinese characters] "Zhongguoren weishenme bu chaoyue?" (Why don't Chinese transcend
[the obstacles before them]?), pp. 62-67. Explores the main causes of the failure of the 1989 Democracy Movement. The author
contends that the movement was in many ways similar to the peasant rebellions of the past, in that it was motivated, not by
higher ideals, but by a desire for personal gain. In addition, he feels that China's lack of a democratic tradition society
makes the fight for democracy even more difficult. He concludes that the first step is to envisage a better society, then
the pursuit of this better society will lead Chinese to transcend the obstacles to democracy.

(6) [chinese characters] Pan Mingxiao (Michel Bonnin), [chinese characters] "Cong hefaxing dao feifaxing" (From legitimacy
to illegitimacy), pp. 68-73. The Chinese Communist Party preserved its legitimacy in the first several years of the People's
Republic through its nationalism, idealism, and realism. However, it later lost its legitimacy and used only one method to
mantain power—brutal suppression.

(7) [chinese characters] Bei Di, [chinese characters] "Gongheguo de huanmie" (Disillusioned with the republic), pp. 82-104.
An essay written one year after the Democracy Movement. The author argues that since the Beijing incident, the Chinese people
have become disillusioned with the People's Republic, which they view as deominated by a handful of aging leaders.

(9) [chinese characters] Chen Yizi, [chinese characters] "Shixing minzhu liliang da lianhe" (Unify the democratic forces),
pp. 111-12. States that based on their shared political perspectives, the various democratic forces have the opportunity to
unite and work together to establish a democratic system in China.

(1) [chinese characters] Zhong Shimei and Mai Weizong, [chinese characters] "Bali Huaren quan zai liusiyi zhounian zhi hou"
(Chinese social circles in Paris—one year after June 4th), pp. 26-27 and 43-44. A report of a memorial ceremony held in Paris
by exiled Democratic Movement activists on the anniversary of the Tiananmen Incident, and on the response by the Chinese-French
community.

Reports from the U.S., France, and other countries on the attitudes of local Chinese students and exiled Democracy Movement
activists on the Chinese government's gestures of reconciliatioin. Also comments on the difficult situation they are facing.

(1) [chinese characters] "Fang Lizhi huo shi" (Details on the release of Fang Lizhi), pp. 6-13. Several articles on how Fang
Lizhi was allowed to leave China a year after the Tiananmen Incident and the responses to his exile from the government and
his friends.

(1) [chinese characters] Luo Bing, [chinese characters] "Beijing fankang qiangsheng zhenhan Zhongnanhai" (The sound of resistance
gunfire in Beijing shocks Zhongnnhai), pp. 7-9. A report on the situation in China on the first anniversary of the June 4
incident. University students had been protesting and several military policemen were victims of drive-by shootings. In addition,
Xu Jiatun, the former bureau chief for the Hong Kong office of the Xinhua News Agency, fled to the United States.

(2) [chinese characters] Liu Yuan, [chinese characters] "Minyun zhong de wuming yingxiong" (The unknown heroes of the Democracy
Movement), pp. 27-28. Reports that several intellectuals and student leaders were arrested by the local authorities for their
participation in the 1989 Democracy Movement in Beijing, Shanghai, Shanxxi, and Shanxi.

(3) [chinese characters] Wen Chuan, [chinese characters] "'Liusi': Zhonggong jundui de beiju" ("June 4th": The tragedy of
the Chinese Communist army), pp. 41- 43. Describes the deployment of the People's Liberation Army in Beijing on June 3 and
4.

(5) [chinese characters] Cao Changqing, [chinese characters] "Wan ming liuxuesheng yaoqiu bihu" (Tens of thousands of students
abroad apply for political asylum), pp. 84-85. Claims that tens of thousands of Chinese students and scholars in Canada and
the United States have asked for asylum to avoid political persecution. Includes a summary of the Canadian government's new
policy concerning Chinese students and Chinese goverment documents addressing how to control Overseas Chinese students in
the aftermath of the Beijing incident.

Reports the government's withdrawal of a book published by the military authorities to honor the heroism of the martial law
enforcers when the publication proved to be too graphic in its description of the troops' assault on civilians.

In this three-part interview Hou Dejian offers some general background on his life, his assessment of the Democracy Movement,
and his involvement in it. He contends that the student movement accomplished little.

An account of the cultural shock, the bitterness of being criticized, personal conflicts, and other difficulties experienced
by Chinese student leaders who went into exile in France after the 1989 Democracy Movement.

Report on Zhao's treatment after he was fired from the position of party general-secretary. It is claimed that the Communist
Party has assigned special officers to pressure Zhao to say that he supported the Democracy Movement and conspired to split
the party.

(1) [chinese characters] Li Yi, [chinese characters] "Dalu minzhu: luzi zenme yue zou yue zhai?" (Is the road becoming increasingly
narrow? Democracy in mainland China), pp. 43-48. Su Siaokang and Weng Songran talk about who should be held responsible for
ordering shooting people on June 3 and 4 and the problems the hardliners are facing after the Tiananmen Incident.

(2) [chinese characters] "Zhongguo dalu dangqian de zhengzhi zheng jie" (Mainland China's present political illness), pp.
49-53. A discussion of the military supressions in China since 1949 and the June 4 incident.

(3) [chinese characters] Shi Hua, [chinese characters] "Shei xialing kaiqiang?" (Who gave the order to fire?), pp. 54-55.
The article reports that the question of who ordered the army to shoot in Beijing on June 3 and 4 has become a hot potato
among the hardliners as they fight for power. The article reasons that as no one dares to claim responsibility for the order,
there is an opportunity for the reinterpretation of the June 4th events in the future.

The report includes the questionnaires and the results of a survey of Chinese students in the USA, reflecting their personal
choices, comments, attitudes, and opinions on the Tiananmen Incident and the current situation in both Taiwan and China after
June 4, 1989.

(1) [chinese characters] Yan Jiaqi, [chinese characters] "Min zhen 'er da' deshi" (The gains and losses of the second convention
of the Federation for a Democratic China), pp. 23-25.

(2) [chinese characters] Ruan Ming, [chinese characters] "Dalu zhengju yu minyun fazhan" (The political situation in mainland
China and the development of the Democracy Movement), pp. 44-46. Discusses the relations between the Chinese government and
overseas democratic organizations.

(1) [chinese characters] Liu Jin, [chinese characters] "Jiang Zemin de qingyun lu—pan shang Chen Pixian" (Jiang Zemin's road
to power: on the coattails of Chen Pixian), pp. 53-55. A profile of Jiang Zemin, general-secretary of the Chinese Communist
Party, emphasizing his rise under the patronage of Chen Pixian. The article is in two parts, continued in the November issue
(CC 1135).

(2) [chinese characters] Peng Wenyi, [chinese characters] "Zhao Ziyang weishenme bu zhenya xuesheng" (Why did Zhao Ziyang
not suppress the students?), pp. 96-97. Argues that Zhao did not suppress the student movement because of his personal conscience
and principles, and his fear that more people would die if he did so. Thus, Zhao's resignation was an act of moral courage.

(3) [chinese characters] Wang Chaohua, [chinese characters] "Gongren weishenme mei neng fadong qilai?" (Why couldn't the workers
be mobilized?), pp. 106-07. Suggests that the workers in the 1989 Democracy Movement refrained from strong action for fear
of damaging the country; further, that many took seriously the position argued by the Communist Party that workers were already
the owners as well as the laborers in the factories. The workers' organizations were not sufficiently independent.

Analyzes the psychological condition of the Democracy Movement exiles, specifically their self-assumption of the historical
task of reforming Chinese society. The author believes that they are the future and the hope of China.

(2) [chinese characters] Li Si, [chinese characters] "Gongen, shimin zai ba jiu minyun zhong de juese — He Ya
Zou xiang Tiananmen guangchang yi jie" (The role of workers and civilians in the 1989 Democracy Movement—Intruducing
The Road to Tiananmen Square by Charlie Hore), pp. 13-15. A brief introduction to the book
The Road to Tiananmen Square and some translated paragraphs from the book which describe how the workers and other civilians participated in the Democracy
Movement in 1989.

Points out that the political situation has been characterized by two main issues since the Democracy Movement, a constant
fight among high-ranking party cadres and a trend of people's rebellion of all kinds.

(2) [chinese characters] Wang Dan, [chinese characters] "Zhi guanxin wo de guo nei wai pengyou de gongkai xing" (A letter
to my friends at home and abroad who cared about me), p. 12. After his release from prison, student leader Wang Dan wrote
this open letter to those who were concerned about him, telling them that he had not changed his political beliefs and that
he intended to continue to fight for his dream of a democratic China.

(3) [chinese characters]
Jun Xing, [chinese characters] "Yi nian junxun zhengce de pochan" (The bankrupcy of the policy of one-year military training [of college
students]), p. 14. Argues that the policy of drafting college freshmen for a year of military service has failed as a means
of controlling the thinking of students after the Tiananmen Incident.

Subject codes: CC01 CC02 CC04 CC05

VI. Articles from Commercial Magazines and Newspapers—In English

Box 13

CE 1001.
New York Times. New York.
April 15-June 3, 1989.

Physical Description: 176 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Photocopied clippings reproducing most of the
Times' coverage of the events for the period leading up to the Tiananmen Incident.

Subject codes: EB01 EB02 EB03 EC01 EC02 EC03 EC04 EC05

Box 11

CE 1002.
South China Morning Post. Hong Kong.
April 20-May 28, 1989.

Physical Description: 7 pp., 8-1/2 x 14.

Scope and Content Note

All of these articles are from April except one in May. Most consist of dispatches from the Beijing correspondents of the
SCMP on the demonstrations around the death of Hu Yaobang.

Box 13

CE 1003.
Michael J. Berlin. "Twenty Days That May Have Transformed China."
International Herald Tribune. Paris.
May 9, 1989,

Physical Description: p. 4.

Scope and Content Note

Analysis of and commentary on the student Democracy Movement in Beijing from the perspective of an American journalist who
formerly represented the
Washington Post at the United Nations and was now based in Beijing. Also includes an editorial on China's youth from the
New York Times, a co-owner of the English-language Paris newspaper.

Report on how the Chinese student movement was broadened to include the citizens of Beijing, and how this in turn transformed
the state visit of Mikhail S. Gorbachev, expected to be a major event, into a minor sideshow and seriously threatened the
authority of the Chinese government.

Subject codes: EB03

Box 13

CE 1005.
Chronicle of Higher Education. Washington, DC.
May 31, 1989.

Scope and Content Note

(1) Louise Branson, "Tiananmen Square, the Center of Chinese Power, Becomes the Symbol of China's Confusion," pp. A27-A29.
A report on the Beijing student demonstrations and the author's sense of the general public's sentiment.

(2) Katherine S. Mangan, "In the U.S., Thousands of Chinese Students March in Support of Uprising in Homeland," pp. A29-A31.

(1) Lawrence Biemiller, with Louise Branson, "Defiance and Death in Beijing: after Suppression of Protesters, Chinese Officials
Demand that Student Leaders Turn Themselves in or Face Punishment," pp. A1, A35-A36. A report that the Chinese authorities
set up military checkpoints around Beijing's university district the previous week, in support of earlier government demands
that the leaders of the prodemocracy student movement turn themselves in.

(2) Katherine S. Mangan, "Chinese Students Here and Abroad Decry the Slaughter and Worry about Going Home," pp. A36-A38. Accounts
of several antigovernment demonstrations by Overseas Chinese students in U.S. cities and in Australia calling for revenge
on Li Peng and other Chinese leaders responsible for the shootings in Beijing June 4. Many are said to have vowed that they
would not return to their homeland and serve a government that would shoot its own people.

(3) Courtney Leatherman, "America Colleges and Scholarly Organizations Condemn Massacre, Scramble to Get Their Students and
Professors Out of China," pp. A38-A39.

Robert L. Jacobson, "Beijing University, Before and After: The Bloody Crackdown by the Government Stuns Students and Faculty
Members," pp. A34-A35.

(2) Robert L. Jacobson, "Distress in China's Academic World May Have Been as Much a Cause of Beijing Protests as Students'
Passionate Quest for Democracy," pp. A28-A29.

(3) "Chinese Intellectuals' May 16 Statement in Support of the Student Movement," pp. A29-A30. Translation of a statement
of support to the student movement issued May 16 and signed by hundreds of Chinese intellectuals, including some 500 faculty
members at Beijing University.

(4) Courtney Leatherman, "American College Officials Say They Can Offer Only Limited Help to the Estimated 40,000 Chinese
Students and Scholars in U.S.," pp. A30-A31.

(2) Kim A. McDonald, "Sinologists Say Beijing Crackdown Perils Research Under Way," pp. A1, A6. Reports that hundreds of U.S.
China scholars feel crackdown in Beijing could hamper their research for years to come.

(1) Goldie Blumenstyk, "New U.S. Visa Rules for Chinese Students Challenged as Risky," pp. A1, A36. Summarizes various legislation
proposed to permit Chinese students in the United States to remain in the country indefinitely until the situation in China
has stabilized, particularly a bill by Rep. Nancy Pelosi (Democrat, California). Some Chinese students raised the fear that
applying for special extensions under such legislation could mark them as suspect by the Chinese government.

(2) Louise Branson, "China Seen Using Political Tests for Foreign Study," pp. A35-A36.

Subject codes: EE01 EE04

Box 14

CE 1025.
Glenn Shive. "Point of View: We Will Not Help Our Chinese Colleagues or Ourselves If We Dismantle Academic Contacts in Acts
of Protest."
Chronicle of Higher Education. Washington, DC.
July 12, 1989.

Physical Description: P. A44.

Scope and Content Note

Shive argues that, for the benefit of both parties, U.S. academic institutions must preserve their relations with academia
in China in the aftermath of the Beijing incident.

CE 1028.
Leo A. Orleans. "Point of View: Students Bear Much of the Responsibility for the Tragedy in China."
Chronicle of Higher Education. Washington, DC.
July 19, 1989.

Physical Description: 1 pp.

Scope and Content Note

The former China specialist for the U.S. Library of Congress places much of the blame for the Tiananmen Incident on the students'
own impatience, accusing them of wanting to see reform overnight for problems that have existed for centuries.

(1) Louise Branson, "Students at Beijing U. Defy Martial Law, Ignoring Ban on Unauthorized Gatherings; Officials Begin Inquiry."
A report from Beijing about the students' continued demonstrations at Beijing University in defiance of martial law.

(2) Robert L. Jacobson, "Chinese Had Evidence of Campus Skepticism Over a Year Before Pro-Democracy Movement." Report on a
scholarly conference in Taipei at which a paper was presented summarizing large-scale questionnaire surveys by the Chinese
government at Beijing and Shanghai universities before the spring of 1988 which showed an "apparent decline in collectivist
values"
among students.

Subject codes: EB03

Box 14

CE 1031.
Louise Branson. "China Is Reported About to Postpone All Fulbright Exchanges for a Year to Express Dipleasure with U.S.—Among
Beijing's Grievances Are Sanctions, Harboring Dissident."
Chronicle of Higher Education. Washington DC.
August 9, 1989,

A news report that Liu Xiaobo, an independent intellectual, was arrested by the martial law army in Beijing. The article also
appeals to the world community to place strong pressure on the government to release Liu.

Subject codes: EB01

Box 14

CE 1033.
Susan Oberlander. "600 Chinese Students in U.S. Hold an Unprecedented Meeting; Officials in Beijing Are Reported to Call Them
'Traitors.'"
Chronicle of Higher Education. Washington, DC.
August 9, 1989,

Physical Description: p. A30.

Scope and Content Note

A report on the First Congress of Chinese Students and Scholars in the United States in which 316 delegates plus observers
from 190 U.S. universities organized the Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars in the United States and passed a series
of bills for more actions to support the prodemocracy movement in China. (See item AC1037 for materials from the organizers
of this congress.)

Subject codes: EE04

Box 14

CE 1034.
Chronicle of Higher Education. "Letters to the Editor: Scholars Must Not Collaborate with China's Disgraced Regime." Washington, DC.
August 16, 1989.

Physical Description: 2 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Five U.S. China scholars reply to the opinion pieces by Leo Orleans (July 19 [CE 1028]) and Andrew Nathan (July 26 [CE 1029]).
Their comments are entirely hostile and in support of the student Democracy Movement ("Leo Orleans's recent Point of View
is perhaps the most asinine you have published..."—William H. Reid, University of Texas, El Paso).

Box 14

CE 1035.
Jay Mathews. "The Scholar of the Chinese Heart: Perry Link, the American Who Became a Sounding Board for Beijing Dissidents."
Washington Post. Washington, DC.
August 17, 1989,

Physical Description: pp. C1-C3.

Scope and Content Note

A profile of Princeton China scholar Perry Link (formerly of UCLA) and his wife Jean Wong, who aided China's leading dissident,
Fang Lizhi, in an attempt to attend a banquet held by President George Bush in Beijing. They were later instrumental in helping
Fang take refuge in the American Embassy.

Background, analysis, and a day-to-day account of the Democracy Movement and Beijing incident 1989.

Subject codes: EB04

Box 14

CE 1039.
Richard Bernstein. "Retracing the Road to Tiananmen."
New York Times. New York.
October 7, 1989.

Physical Description: 1 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Report of a meeting sponsored by PEN in Manhattan addressed by exiled Chinese student leader Wu'er Kaixi and writer Su Wei.
The article covers their opinions on the emerging Chinese youth culture, the sexual liberation of young students, and the
similarities between the traditional culture of China and that of the post-1949 era. Other speakers included Robin Munro of
Asia Watch and historian Jonathan Spence.

Subject codes: EB01 EC01 EC02

Box 14

CE 1040.
Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles.
October 8, 1989.

Physical Description: 1 pp.

Scope and Content Note

(1) Mark P. Petracca, "A Massacre of the Spirit Torments China's Campuses." A report that the Chinese government has suppressed
the students and faculty of Beijing University after the Tiananmen Incident.

(2) Jeanne Kirkpatrick, "Weighing U.S. Goals vs. China's Misdeeds." Former Republican-appointed U.S. representative to the
United Nations urges a middle ground, seeking to normalize relations with China while avoiding any fiscal policy that would
"assist with taxpayers dollars that government—or any government whose practices seriously violate democratic values."

Essay on the Chinese people's negative assessments of the political system in China. Compares Deng Xiaoping's behavior since
the Tiananmen Square incident of 1989 to that of an anceint Chinese emperor.

Profile of American author, Orville Schell, who as a former idealistic supporter of Maoism, now champions China's dissidents.
The article attributes this transformation to Schell's reaction to the Beijing incident and the insight this gave him into
the reality of the situation in China.

The article raises the question: Will American students understand the events of Tiananmen Square? It also provides data illustrating
the "totalitarian" nature of China's government. In addition, the article discusses whether American social studies materials
distort reality and ignore the issues of democracy and repression in China after the rapprochement with the United States
in 1972.

Subject codes: EC01 EE02 EC05

Box 14

CE 1045.
Nicholas D. Kristof. "China Update—How the Hardliners Won."
New York Times Magazine. New York.
November 12, 1989,

Physical Description: pp. 38-41, 66, 70-71.

Scope and Content Note

Chronological record, from April 18 to June 4, 1989, of the Tiananmen Democracy Movement and the developments in Beijing,
as well as commentary on leaders of the CCP and the PRC government, including Hu Yaobang, Zhao Ziyang, Deng Xiaoping, and
Li Peng.

Subject codes: EC01 EC04 EB04

Box 14

CE 1046.
Fang Lizhi. "The Chinese People Must Participate in a Universe of Rights."
Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles.
November 26, 1989.

Physical Description: 1 pp.

Scope and Content Note

An adaptation of the acceptance speech given by Fang when receiving the 1989 Robert Kennedy Human Rights Award.

(1) Wu'er Kaixi, "After the Massacre," pp. 6-8. The Chinese student leader comments on the 1989 Democracy Movement and the
situation since the Tiananmen Incident.

(2) Merle Goldman, "China's Great Leap Backward," pp. 9-17. An analysis of the repression in Beijing in 1989 from a historical
perspective, including a comparision of the Chinese student movements in 1987 and 1989.

(3) Thomas B. Gold, "The Resurgence of Civil Society in China," pp. 18-31. A discussion of the history of the CCP since 1949
and the resurgence of civil society in 1989.

(4) Fang Lizhi, "Peering over the Great Wall," pp. 32-40. Text based on Fang's November 18, 1986, speech on "Democracy, Reform,
and Modernization," given at Tongji University in Shanghai, one of the seminal documents of the Student Democracy Movement
of 1987.

Subject codes: EC01 EC04 EC05

Box 14

CE 1048.
U.S. News & World Report. "Inside China: Exclusive: The First Interviews with China's Leaders Since Tiananmen Square." New York.
March 12, 1990,

Excerpt from Nixon's book
In the Arena: A Memoir of Victory, Defeat and Renewal. Although this clipping is incomplete, it includes the whole of the part devoted to discussing his sixth visit to China,
in October 1989, including a record of the talks between Nixon, Deng Xiaoping, Li Peng, and Yang Shangkun after the June 4
incident.

The Chinese government is pressing its citizens so hard with its Post-Democracy Movement austerity program that many now believe
further demonstrations are almost inevitable. Foreign money is only trickling back, despite a breakdown in Western resistance
to resuming loans.

Professor Marsha Wagner and Ph.D. candidate Jianying Zha were witnesses to the events of the spring and early summer of 1989.
Their recollections begin with the morning after the Tiananmen Incident and reflect back on the weeks leading up to it.

Subject codes: EB01 EB03

Box 14

CE 1055.
Nicholas D. Kristof. "China's Future on Hold with a 'Gang of Elders'" and "China's Untold Story: Who Died in the Crackdown?"
New York Times, international edition. New York.
June 3, 1990,

Physical Description: p. 6.

Scope and Content Note

Two dispatches from Beijing. The first is a commentary on the situation one year after June 4th incident. The article discusses
the discord within the party and the government, concluding that the Chinese political system is deadlocked between Deng Xiaoping
on one side, and Chen Yun and Yang Shangkun on the other. The second article uses the current speculation about the identity
and fate of "Wang Weilin," believed to be the man who stood in front of the tanks as they approached Tiananmen Square, as
a takeoff point for examining rival claims on the number of casualties suffered during the night of June 3.

Subject codes: EB03 EC01

Box 14

CE 1056.
Liu Binyan. "China's Long Wall of Silence."
New York Times. New York.
June 3, 1990,

Physical Description: p. E27.

Scope and Content Note

Liu calls on the Chinese to continue the fight for basic human rights and not to languish in inaction for ten years as they
did after the 1979 protests. He contends that real change can be acheived simply by putting greater pressure on the Chinese
government.

An interview revealing Kissinger's visit to China in November 1989 and his assessment of the Tiananmen Incident, the political
and economic situation in China, and the spectrum of China's leaders, from reformers to hardliners.

(1) Anne Nelson, "Since last June, many Chinese journalists have been purged, jailed or humiliatingly compromised."

(2) Holley Fumiyo, '"I screamed with all my energy because of pain and fear.' I wondered whether they were roughest on me
because they thought I was Chinese." An
L.A. Times journalist's account of her mistreatment and beating at the hands of the Chinese paramilitary police as a result of her attempt
to cover the bottle-throwing incident at Beijing University on the first anniversary of the Tiananmen Incident.

Report on Fang Lizhi's life as a refugee at the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, from June 5, 1989, to June 24, 1990, including discussion
of his sense of being torn between politics and science.

Subject codes: EB01 EC02

Box 14

CE 1063.
Nicholas D. Kristo. "Far from Tiananmen: TV and Contentment."
New York Times. New York.
October 7, 1990,

Physical Description: pp. 1,10.

Scope and Content Note

Interview with a peasant family in Henan Province. The peasants he meets hold a very negative opinion of the rebellion in
Tiananmen Square in 1989 and support the government's suppression of the unrest.

Two undergraduate U.C. Berkeley students collaborated to produce this article. For political reasons, they have chose to remain
anonymous. A chronological account of the Student Democracy Movement and the crackdown in Beijing from April to June 24, 1989.

Subject codes: EC01 EB04

Box 14

CE 1065.
Chronicle of Higher Education. Washington, DC.
May 1, 1991.

Scope and Content Note

(1) Robert L. Jacobson, "Former Activists from Universities in Beijing Report They Are Reeling from Governmental Repression,"
p. A35.

(2) "The Movement Has Left a Job Unfinished; Somehow Its Goal Must Be Achieved," pp. A35-A37. Translation of a statement distributed
clandestinely by former activists at several Beijing universities to commemorate the anniversary of the 1989 Democracy Movement.
The statement includes a chronology of the Democracy Movement from September 12, 1989, to March 1991, and
information on the current situation at universities in Beijing.

Subject codes: EB01 EB04 EC01 EC02 EC04 EC05

VII. E-mail Transcripts—In English

Scope and Content Note

The early entries in this part of the Archives come mostly from material created or relayed by the UCLA China Students and
Scholars Association (CSSA). In 1990 this source was mainly replaced by the national e-mail publication
China News Digest. While this publication was founded in Canada and individual issues were edited at the University of California at Berkeley
and the University of Arizona, its long-term home came to be Kent State University in Kent, Ohio, where the U.S. edition was
produced, and the University of Indiana at Bloomington, where a European/Pacific edition was produced. Altogether the e-mail
section of the Archives occupies 3,768 pages.

Because of the diversity of the subjects discussed and the often voluminous number of pages transmitted, we have not attempted
to summarize the contents in the same way as the rest of the Archives. Instead we simply directly quote some of the major
headlines (in upper case headline style, in quotation marks), paraphrase titles of e-mails (in lower case text), or briefly
describe some of the longer or more interesting documents. In a few cases we have let a single quoted sentence from the text
of a dispatch stand as the summary of the story.

We have emphasized articles about the Democracy Movement itself and actions of the Chinese government concerning this movement.
We have generally omitted stories about China's economy or diplomacy, and noted only a small part of the coverage of the then-Soviet
Union and Eastern Bloc, which interested the editors of
China News Digest. We have added occasional comments, dates, or clarifications in parentheses (square brackets if inserted into literal titles).
We have kept all references to a single document to one sentence each so that each paragraph in this section amounts to a
(partial) list of the disparate contents of the folder for that day or week, with the abrupt changes of subject indicating
different documents in the transmission.

Box 15

DE 1001.
August 4, 1989.

Physical Description: 16 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Reports of Wu'er Kaixi's visit to Los Angeles. Chinese students testify at U.S. House of Representatives hearings on economic
sanctions against China.

Box 15

DE 1002.
August 6, 1989.

Physical Description: 32 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Letter from Qinghua University defending the regime. Letter of advice from U.S. Senator Gorton's office on paperwork needed
to successfully extend Chinese students' visas. Several news dispatches from wire services on Deng Xiaoping's health. "Manifesto
of the Federation for Chinese Democracy and Justice, Beijing," 5 pp. Discussions about Wu'er Kaixi's visit to New Mexico.
Reports on the Chicago conference of Chinese Students and Scholars. Letter from Beijing with information on the number arrested,
claiming some government sources.

Box 15

DE 1003.
August 7, 1989.

Physical Description: 27 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Further reports on the Chicago conference. "Beijing Alliance Vows to Fight on for Democracy." Report on living situation of
Zhao Ziyang under semi-house arrest. Report of refugees crossing into Hong Kong from the PRC. Report on British government
plans to permit expanded emigration from Hong Kong to the U.K.

Box 15

DE 1004.
August 8, 1989.

Physical Description: 8 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Wang Meng, China's culture minister, removed from post. Some discussion of Chicago conference. Some general political opinion
letters.

Box 15

DE 1005.
August 18, 1989.

Physical Description: 11 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Mailing by UCLA Chinese Students and Scholars Association: "Soul-searching" (letter from Cornell University critical of student
movement); report on Chinese refugee Chen Yiwei, detained in Los Angeles for three weeks; plans for a pro-China democracy
march on Washington. Interview with a University of New Haven, Connecticut, instructor on the events in Beijing in June, reprinted
from the
New Haven Register.

Box 15

DE 1006.
August 21, 1989.

Physical Description: 21 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Many brief news reports from
South China Morning Post on various topics. Reprints of articles on pending CCP plenum and restrictions of study abroad. Reports and counter reports
on alleged arrests in Chinese PLA officer corps. "Hong Kong Official Denounced by Beijing."

Box 15

DE 1007.
August 23, 1989.

Physical Description: 29 pp.

Scope and Content Note

"Some Impressions of My Friend after Visiting China." A "blueprint" for a federal and democratic China. Reports on reorganization
of CCP leadership. "Students Foiled in Bid to Dig Up Deng's Family Grave." Report that Chicago conference formed a "Selective
Sanction Committee" to lobby for sanctions against the PRC.

Box 15

DE 1008.
August 25-27, 1989.

Physical Description: 13 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Lengthy reports on the outcome of the Chicago conference of Chinese Students and Scholars, which on July 27 founded a new
organization called the Committee on Chinese Student Affairs (CCSA). "Top Shanghai Newsman Faces Plotting Accusation." "Students
Warned against Politics."

Box 15

DE 1009.
August 29, 1989.

Physical Description: 24 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Visa Group, UC Berkeley, reports on meeting with Congresswoman Pelosi on visa bills affecting Chinese students in the United
States. Discussion of application of democracy to China, including lengthy critique of Sun Yat-sen. Several short news items
on public attacks in China on Zhao Ziyang. "Beijing Massacre Was Deliberately Planned by the Chinese Regime" (article from
Ohio State University).

Box 15

DE 1010.
August 30, 1989.

Physical Description: 8 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Misc. brief news. Chinese students meet with Congressman Terry Bruce.

Box 15

DE 1011.
August 31, 1989.

Physical Description: 5 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Announcement from the Selective Sanction Committee.

Box 15

DE 1012.
September 18-24, 1989.

Physical Description: 26 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Chai Ling arrested in Shenzhen; Liu Xiaobo sentenced to die. Report on lobbying on visa bills in U.S. A memorandum to President
Bush by Chinese students at the University of Virginia (7 pp.). Plans to rebuild the Goddess of Democracy statue in several
U.S. cities. "Washington March for Democracy in China." Chinese exiles hold three-day meeting at the Sorbonne of the Federation
for Democracy in China.

Box 15

DE 1013.
September 25-26, 1989.

Physical Description: 22 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Report on visit by Los Angeles PRC consul to Arizona. More information on the Washington March for Democracy in China. Call
for a protest rally in front of the Los Angeles PRC Consulate. Protest scheduled against the celebration of the fortieth anniversary
of the PRC.

Box 15

DE 1014.
September 29, 1989.

Physical Description: 13 pp.

Scope and Content Note

"About Professor T. D. Lee" (a defense of Prof. Lee of Columbia University, who had been accused of being pro-CCP because
the Chinese government offered him a job in China after the Tiananmen Incident). Biographical report from the Toronto
Globe and Mail (Sept. 22, 1989) on three of those killed in Beijing. More on march on Washington plans. "CCP's Secret Activities in Georgia."
Official slogans for the fortieth anniversary of the PRC (such as "Cheers, for the victory of putting down the anti-revolutionary
riot!"). Proposed slogans for the march on Washington.

Box 15

DE 1015.
October 3, 1989.

Physical Description: 31 pp.

Scope and Content Note

2,000 people reportedly demonstrated at the San Francisco Chinese Consulate October 1. Report by Ding Jian, president of the
UCLA Chinese Students and Scholars Association (CSSA), that 10,000 people attended the October 1 march on Washington. Report
on Los Angeles rally at Chinese Consulate. Several pages of brief new items. "Resolution of the Constitutional Position of
IFCSS [Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars] Working Committees." "Bullet Holes Contradict Beijing's Line,"
Toronto
Globe and Mail. "VISAUM-77 (CCSA): Situation Report (10/3)" on Washington lobbying. "Final Report of the Bush Memorandum Committee of the
Chinese Students and Scholars Society, University of Virginia." Call (October 3) by the IFCSS for an October 7-8 conference
in Washington on the future of democracy in China. "Living Room Talks from Beijing" ("Beijing Ren" reports on discussions
with a friend recently arrived from Beijing).

Box 15

DE 1016.
October 9, 1989.

Physical Description: 14 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Discussion of whether the IFCSS president should accept an invitation to visit Taiwan. Article by Cal Tech student on the
visa extension issue.

Box 15

DE 1017.
October 13-18, 1989.

Physical Description: 21 pp.

Scope and Content Note

"IFCSS Announcement on Passport Extension." Text of IFCSS questionnaire on status of opposition exile groups. Report on status
of visa legislation. "Students in China Learn About Power of the State" (report from Canadian press on interrogation of former
student activists by Shanghai police and compilation of dossiers). "China's Pro-Democracy Movement" (part 1 of 6 by Professor
Lawrence C. Wolken, Texas A&M University).

"VISAUM-83 (CCSA): Situation Report (10/25/89)" on visa legislation.
China News Digest (description of this e-mail periodical, including a list of its editorial board). Report on debate between Canadian students
and Chinese Ambassador to Canada Zhang Wenpu. "Imprisoned Student Wang Says 'Keep Up the Effort.'" "Underground Movement by
Student[s],"
South China Morning Post.

Box 15

DE 1020.
October 30, 1989.

Physical Description: 23 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Several short news items on opposition in East European states and on former President Nixon's October 1989 visit to China.
"An Open Letter to Wu'er Kaixi by Dennis Lee" (accuses him of financial corruption). "VISAUM-84 (CCSA): Situation Report (10/30/89)"
on status of Pelosi bill. "China Crushes Dissident Ring,"
South China Morning Post. "Mainland Trio Flee to Taiwan." "Survey Shows Majority Support for Democracy Protests." Several articles on status of democracy
in Hong Kong. "New Restrictions Issued for Chinese Students."

Box 15

DE 1021.
November 8, 1989.

Physical Description: 23 pp.

Scope and Content Note

"Congress Agrees to Toughen U.S. Sanctions Against China." "China Has New Requirements for Oversea[s] Study." "Beijing Police
Renew Inquiries into Student Activities." "Troops Disappear from U.S. Embassy." "Comments from Uerkesh's Intimates about Him"
(discussion of alleged lavish lifestyle of Wu'er Kaixi after his arrival in the United States).

"China to Sacrifice Economy to Educate Students on Socialism,"
South China Morning Post. "China Puts Communist Party above Rule of Law,"
South China Morning Post. "China's Old Men Will Keep Tight Grip on Power,"
South China Morning Post.

"Human Rights Abuses Still Widespread" (UPI report on annual Freedom House survey). Report on IFCSS attempt to send delegation
back to China. Liberal president of Chinese law school reportedly forced to resign. "China Government Protest[s] U.S. State
Department Report [on human rights abuses]." IFCSS clarification on its China trip motion. "Directory of Representatives of
the Sixteen Council Universities of IFCSS." "Zhao Ziyang Faces 'Final Fall' at NPC Session,"
South China Morning Post
. "Beijing Moves to End Dissent at Convention [of the National People's Congress],"
South China Morning Post. "New Rules to Keep Students at Home,"
South China Morning Post.

Box 16

DE 1039.
March 1, 1990.

Physical Description: 40 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Letter discussing the possible IFCSS trip to China. "An Open Letter to Chinese Government," by Chinese student and scholar
federations outside of China. "French Reporters Ordered to Leave China." "Foreign Journalists Seek Meeting with China Govt."
Letter from a reader arguing that sanctions are necessary. The Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movement
of China invites grant applications for funding for activities to mark the first anniversary of June 4th. IFCSS releases relating
to proposed trip to China. CSSFA representatives from Arizona State University meet with Senator McCain to hear his explanation
why he dropped his position of voting to override Bush's veto of H.R. 2712. Bulletin on the revision of
Immigration Handbook. Report on restrictions of Chinese reporters. Top party official in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region warns of possible ethnic
unrest. "Li Peng's Visit to USSR Being Reconsidered [because of possible demonstrations by opposition groups]." CCP General-secretary
Jiang Zemin says that Tiananmen events should not interfere with U.S.-China cooperation.

Box 16

DE 1040.
March 8, 1990.

Physical Description: 37 pp.

Scope and Content Note

"Education Exchange Program Resumed on a Smaller Scale." Report on the anniversary of martial law in Lhasa. "Hong Kong Student
to Be Charged in Shanghai." "A Letter from Beijing: How People Were Forced to Lie [describes the compulsory criticism sessions
organized by the government in which all citizens were ordered to denounce the Democracy Movement after the Tiananmen Incident]."
Open letter from IFCSS deploring restrictions on students studying abroad. "Labor Unrest in China,"
South China Morning Post. "Many in China Doubt the Effectiveness of Sanctions,"
Asian Wall Street Journal Weekly.

Box 16

DE 1041.
March 15, 1990.

Physical Description: 41 pp.

Scope and Content Note

"China Striving to Rebuild 'Socialist Ideals." Open letter from IFCSS denouncing Chinese government's restrictions on foreign
study. Open letter urging other schools to sign previous letter. IFCSS wins U.S. Student Association Award. Wu'er Kaixi said
to have dropped out of Harvard and joined crew of opposition radio station on ship off China coast. "Hu Jiwei Ousted from
Congress." Liu Qing released from prison after ten years. Pirate radio ship the
Goddess of Democracy sets sail for China.

Reviews of books and articles dealing with China. "Chinese Exiled-Politician [Yan Jiaqi] in Uppsala, Sweden." "Forty People
Blocked by Chinese Security at the Airports." "Vice Minister Talks about Fate of Zhao and Others,"
South China Morning Post. "Radio Ship Runs Risk of Seizure,"
South China Morning Post. "Call for Donation to Hao Family Fund [student killed in Beijing, June 3, 1989]." Personal report claiming international
telephone calls are being tapped in China. More on
Immigration Handbook.

"General Advice on Filing Your Tax Return." "Questions and Answers from INS." "Figures for Party Expulsions Revealed [33,400]."
"Tiananmen Square Closed on Day of Proposed Protest." "Square Opens Under Heavy Police Surveillance." Report that Chinese
student leader Chai Ling and her husband have escaped to Europe after living in hiding in China for ten months. "Official
Calls for Patriotism Campaign in Chinese Schools." "Mongolia Brings Tide of Democracy to China's Border." "[Beijing University]
Students Stay Calm over Anniversary."
South China Morning Post writer questioned by police for photographing plainclothes policeman in Tiananmen Square. Young Pioneers' parade quashes
plans for "Big walk of the people around Tiananmen Square." Chinese government stages massive show of force in Beijing, allegedly
to prevent demonstrations on Day of the Dead. Chai Ling appears on Hong Kong television. IFCSS reports modifications in rules
for changing from J-1 to F-1 visa status.

Box 16

DE 1046.
April 5, 1990.

Physical Description: 28 pp.

Scope and Content Note

The Chinese government reportedly warns citizens not to wear black armbands on the Day of the Dead, and announces that permits
are required for groups to hold ceremonies in cemeteries. Various reports on Chai Ling's arrival in Paris and texts of her
speeches there. "Tiananmen Square Closed Again, Blocking Protests. " Premier Li Peng reportedly asks France to restrict public
activities of Chai Ling and other Chinese exiles (
Washington Post). Letter commenting on the closing of Tiananmen Square. "President's New Executive Order [on visa matters]." "Different Voice
Still Can Be Heard in Chinese NPC [National Peoples' Congress]."

Box 16

DE 1047.
April 15, 1990.

Physical Description: 42 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Report by Dee Bruce Sun on a March 8-25, 1990, visit to China (5 pp.). Student leader Wang Chaohua ("18th on the 21 most wanted
list of the Chinese government") holds a press conference in Los Angeles. "Mysterious Underground Railways Still Exist [for
the escape of dissidents from China]." "Exiles Keep Flame of Democracy Alive." China reportedly cracks down on student dissidents
attempting to mark several political dates. Several articles on the plight of hijacker Zhang Zhenhai. A report on interview
with Chai Ling.

Box 16

DE 1048.
April 20, 1990.

Physical Description: 35 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Further article on Chai Ling. Letter from reader urging support for June Fourth Radio. Brief report on Conference on Democratic
Strategies for China, held in Florida April 9, which focused on overseas funding for the prodemocratic movement. "Report on
Tele-Conferences of IFCSS Council [April 7 and 12]." Chinese Foreign Ministry issues global warning against helping
Goddess of Democracy radio ship. Zhang Zhenhai, Chinese air hijacker, denied asylum by Tokyo Supreme Court. "China Deported American for Defending
Jailed Writer [novelist Tang Min]." Joint meeting in East Berlin between Chinese dissidents and Eastern block reformers convenes
under the direction of Paris-based Federation for Democracy in China (FDC).

Box 16

DE 1049.
April 25, 1990.

Physical Description: 49 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Report on radio equipment aboard the
Goddess of Democracy. Protest planned for May 11 at San Francisco Chinese Consulate. Article reprinted from
The Nation
on problems within the Chinese exile organization Front for Democratic China (FDC). Japan agrees to extradite Chinese hijacker
Zhang Zhenghai on condition he receive no more than ten years in prison. "
Goddess of Democracy Can Dock in Singapore." "The Voice of June Fourth Begins Clandestine Broadcasting [from a secret location, but financed by
the Taiwan government]." "[Former Communist Party chief] Zhao Criticized in Secret Session with Politburo." Letter from Bo
Xiong, the editor of
China News Digest, explaining the
CND's financing and affirming its independence from the IFCSS. Note on the frequency and hours of broadcasting by the June Fourth
Radio station. "A True Story of a Returned Ph.D. in China." Various letters on hijacking issue (Zhang Zhenhai).

Box 16

DE 1050.
May 1, 1990.

Physical Description: 26 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Chinese government condemns Taiwan for offering support to the
Goddess of Democracy radio ship. Chai Ling honored by University of Tromsoe, in Norway. "Chinese Consuls Met UIUC [University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]
Students on Passport Issue." Article reviewing
World Press Review's cover story dealing with Tiananmen. "How Tiananmen Massacre's Victims Are Treated" (reports that the dead are divided into
three categories: died at home of gunshot wounds by troops are "work related" and compensated; died in the streets of gunshot
wounds are "natural deaths" and are not compensated; died fighting the troops are "rioters" and are not compensated). "Visa
Denial Cases and Family Reunion." "Chai Ling's Escape Interests Guangzhou People." "Radio Ship Leaves for Hong Kong but Might
Be Rejected." "China Embassy Official Seeks Asylum in U.S."

Box 16

DE 1051.
May 5, 1990.

Physical Description: 46 pp.

Scope and Content Note

"Famous Taiwanese Dancer Joy Fan to Perform 'Chai Ling.'" Article on activities commemorating the first anniversary of the
Tiananmen Incident, at the Flint Center, Cupertino, California. Announcement of Second Congress of IFCSS, to be held in Columbus,
Ohio, July 6-8, 1990. A small underground group in Beijing said to meet clandestinely with Western news agencies on the 71st
anniversary of the May Fourth Movement. Review of [chinese characters]
Laiyin tongxin: Zeitung für Chinesische Wissenschaftler und Studenten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Correspondence along the Rhine: Newspaper for Chinese Scholars and Students in the Federal Republic of Germany [see item
BC 1015 for a copy of this publication]). Article on the perspective of the Chinese, regarding Western coverage of the Tiananmen
story. "In China after the Crackdown,"
Seattle Times. INS update on President Bush's April 11, 1990, executive order. "U.S. Warned China to Leave Ship Alone."

"Minutes of a Meeting on Passport Issues in Chinese Embassy in DC—A Must Read." Various articles covering prodemocracy activities
around the U.S. "Arguments for Maintaining Contact with China." "Tape of Personal Talk Confiscated by Chinese Custom[s]."
Chinese student leader Shen Tong challenges Ted Turner for comments criticizing the student occupation of Tiananmen Square
in 1989. Various articles on artistic efforts to comment on the China Democracy Movement. "Teleconference of IFCSS Council
on Renewing MFS [most favored nation status] for China." Rules for election of representatives to IFCSS Second Congress. Poll
showing Beijing University student support for future protests. "China Arrests Seven People." "A Special Tour of Shanghai
People's Courts." Report on defection to the U.S. of Xu Jiatun, former head of the Xinhua News Agency in Hong Kong. "China
Prepares to Sentence Students and Intellectuals." "The Difficulty of Radio Ship Project." Article on reliability of Chinese
army to quell possible uprisings. "Abstracts from IFCSS Statement on China's MFN Status."

China News Digest: "Update on Tiananmen Memorial in Washington, DC." Lengthy official statement on IFCSS/CCSA's position on MFN issue, to be
forwarded to U.S. House of Representatives. "China's New Secrets Law." "Inside Story on Arrests of Wang Juntao, Chen Ziming,
and Others." "Open Letter Demands Release of Dissidents,"
South China Morning Post China News Digest: "China Government Launches 'Anti-Imperialist' Campaign." Several articles debating the MFN issue.

Box 16

DE 1056.
May 30, 1990.

Physical Description: 27 pp.

Scope and Content Note

China News Digest: "IFCSS Second Congress Update." "State Council spokesman Mr Yuan Mu has said some participants in last year's 'counter-revolutionary
rebellion' were motivated by the desire to help the party and to promote democracy,"
South China Morning Post. China News Digest: "Beijing Urges Overseas Chinese Students Back to China." "Three Activists Disappear before Their News Conference."

Box 17

DE 1057.
June 1, 1990.

Physical Description: 32 pp.

Scope and Content Note

"The First Anniversary of Beijing Massacre." "Three Students Arrested, Hou Dejian Believed in Custody." News brief on arrest
of writer Wang Ruowang. "Tiananmen Square to Remain Closed Until Next Week,"
South China Morning Post. "Hou Dejian and Dissidents Still Missing,"
South China Morning Post. "China Stages Executions to 'Ensure Stability,'"
South China Morning Post. China News Digest: "Troops Roar Through Beijing at Anniversary of Massacre." "Brave Show of Defiance by Beijing Students and Citizens." "More
Details for Today's Protest at Beijing University." Articles on memorial activities in the U.S. to honor the deaths at Tiananmen
Square.

Box 17

DE 1058.
June 5, 1990.

Physical Description: 51 pp.

Scope and Content Note

China News Digest: "Beijing Under Heavy Security at Anniversary of June Fourth." "More than 100,000 Joined Protest March in Hong Kong [to mourn
victims of the Tiananmen Incident]." Various reports on the worldwide observation of the anniversary of the Tiananmen Incident.
"Chai Ling Joined Candle Light Vigil in Front of Chinese Embassy [in Washington, DC]." "Students Stage Second Night of Bottle
Breaking Protests [at Beijing University],'
South China Morning Post. China News Digest: "Underground Groups in China Strife [sic] for Democracy." "Tiananmen Square Reopens." "Foreign Journalists Warned." "Deng
Blamed Party Chiefs for Last Year's 'Rebellion,'"
South China Morning Post. "Foreign Journalists Protest Mistreatment." "Activist Risks Seizure in Rally at Chinese Embassy in UK,"
South China Morning Post. "Memorial Activities in Taiwan,"
Hong Kong Standard. Several articles covering memorial activities in the U.S. News brief on Japan's protest to China over treatment of Japanese
journalists covering the anniversary of the Tiananmen Incident. Report on Tiananmen toll,
Toronto Globe and Mail (estimates 3,000 total, of which 40-100 were in the square itself). "Soviet, East European Students Remembered June Fourth
Massacre,"
South China Morning Post. "Beijing Students Summoned after Night of Protest,"
Hong Kong Standard. China News Digest: "Chai Ling Met with U.S. Vice President Dan Quayle." "Report by Asia Watch on the Beijing Massacre." "Surface Calm Belies
Anger of Beijing Residents,"
Hong Kong Standard.

Box 17

DE 1059.
June 10, 1990.

Physical Description: 30 pp.

Scope and Content Note

News brief on senior Chinese official's comments on Hong Kong's demonstrations marking the first anniversary of the Tiananmen
Incident. Chinese diplomat criticizes Canadian policy that allows Chinese students to stay permanently,
Toronto Globe and Mail. "Federation for a Democratic China Fights for Survival,"
South China Morning Post. China News Digest: "A Year Later, A Dissident's Testament from China," by Gao Xin. Special series marking the anniversary of the Tiananmen
Incident, including first two parts of "Who Died in Beijing, and Why?" by Robin Munro, reprinted from
The Nation.

Box 17

DE 1060.
June 15, 1990.

Physical Description: 47 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Part III of "Who Died in Beijing, and Why?" by Robin Munro. Hou Dejian et al. "Under House-Arrest,"
Hong Kong Standard. "Teleconference Report of the Working Group for Revising the IFCSS Constitution." An April 26, 1990, report from the Supervisory
Committee of the Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars (IFCSS) disavowing a "CCP Agent Report" issued in
their name by Wang Liang of Northwestern University (Wang had been entrusted with hunting down CCP spies in the organization,
but circulated his report without consultation with the group's leadership, who determined that it contained unproved charges
against several individuals). "China Frees 97 Protesters." "Authorities to Deal with Pro-Democracy Activists,"
Ming bao (reports that Chinese leaders plan to begin sentencing dissidents arrested in June 1989). Zhao Fusan, former vice president
of the Chinese Academy of Social Science and a member of the National People's Congress Standing Committee, reportedly stripped
of all official positions June 18 while in absentia in France.

Report by Feng Congde. Interview with Fang Lizhi. Series of reports on immigration matters in Australia.
South China Morning Post: "Fang Wants 'Peace and Quiet' in UK." "Scientists Keep Up Mainland Boycott." "Agenda for 2nd Conference of IFCSS." "Chinese
Student Organizations Convene in Canada and USA."

Box 17

DE 1064.
July 5, 1990.

Physical Description: 34 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Report on preparation for IFCSS Second Congress. Running reports from the IFCSS Second Congress, which opened July 6 at Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio. "The Timing of Fang's Release,"
Mainichi Daily News. China News Digest: Six reports on the convening of the 2nd Congress of IFCSS. Various book reviews on China.

China News Digest: Report on the establishment of an opposition party among Overseas Chinese (Chinese Liberty Democratic Party). Last issue
of eight reports on IFCSS 2nd Congress. "Japan Orders Dissidents to Leave,"
South China Morning Post. "China Arrests Another Student Despite Foreign Pressure." "Mr. Feng Congde, Chai Ling's husband, is now the official candidate
to be the chair of IFCSS Human Rights Committee."

Box 17

DE 1067.
July 20, 1990.

Physical Description: 56 pp.

Scope and Content Note

"Chinese Students' Plight Narrated by a Former INS Lawyer." "Less than 300 Overseas Students Went Back to China This Year."
"Thoughts and Plans— after IFCSS Second Congress," by Feng Congde. "Report from an IFCSS Representative." Various reports
on IFCSS's operations.

Box 17

DE 1068.
July 25, 1990.

Physical Description: 45 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Interview with Professor Guan Weiyan, former president of the University of Science and Technology of China, now a visiting
scholar at the University of Houston. "Chai Ling Seeks Support of UN,"
South China Morning Post. China News Digest: "News Release on IFCSS." "Pardon for Reluctant General,"
South China Morning Post. "Heir of the Dragon: Hou Dejian Felt 'Hopeless.'" "Elimination of the Traces of Last Year's Cracking Down,"
Sing Tao Daily. "The leader of the outlawed Beijing Autonomous Workers' Union, Han Dongfang, who has been held in detention since last June,
will be brought to trial later this year."

Box 17

DE 1069.
August 15, 1990.

Physical Description: 24 pp.

Scope and Content Note

South China Morning Post: "450 Killed in Lhasa Crackdown in 1989." "Thousands in Reform Camp." Fang Lizhi declines invitation to join Federation for
a Democratic China.
China News Digest: Fang Lizhi agrees to serve on board of Human Rights in China. Taiwanese singer Hou Dejian is charged in Taipei for martial
law violation for slipping back into the country after spending six years in China.

Box 17

DE 1070.
August 20, 1990

Physical Description: 40 pp.

Scope and Content Note

"Appeal to Students for Patriotism and Stability [during Asian Games],"
South China Morning Post. China News Digest
: "Random Notes on the Western Visions of China." Series of IFCSS internal organizational reports. "China Claims Only 355
Activists Still Imprisoned,"
Sing Tao Daily.

"China Bars Visit by Five Academics [from Beijing and Nanjing to international symposium in Hong Kong]." Top radio official
reportedly ordered to undergo "political re-education." "China Bid to Avert October Protests."

Box 17

DE 1073.
September 5, 1990.

Physical Description: 38 pp.

Scope and Content Note

"Thirty Chinese Held [in Australia] over Breach of Visa Regulations." IFCSS Headquarters report. Open letter on behalf of
Han Dongfang (leader of Beijing Autonomous Workers' Union) to the Supreme Court of China. Report on meeting between IFCSS
representatives and the U.S. State Department on family reunion issue. Biographical article on Wu'er Kaixi (Uerkesh) from
Esquire magazine ("Better Fed Than Red," part 1 of 4). Letter warning about possible changes in INS's views on asylum requests by
Chinese students.

Several letters from readers on "Better Fed Than Red."
China News Digest: Review of newsletter founded by Chinese Liberal and Democratic Party (CLDP). "Hardliners in Beijing Expand Power,"
South China Morning Post.

Box 17

DE 1076.
September 20, 1990.

Physical Description: 46 pp.

Scope and Content Note

China News Digest: Updates on family reunion issue. More letters from readers on "Better Fed Than Red." "Beijing Set to Improve World Ties,"
South China Morning Post. "Dissident Group FDC [Federation for a Democratic China] to Name New Leaders,"
South China Morning Post.

Box 17

DE 1077.
September 25, 1990.

Physical Description: 44 pp.

Scope and Content Note

China News Digest: Interview with Dr. Houqi Chen, chairperson of the Chinese Liberty and Democratic Party (CLDP). "Prominent Scientists Back
International Boycott of China." Various briefs on INS changes as they apply to Chinese students. "FDC [Federation for a Democratic
China] to Promote Mainland Links at Its Second Congress,"
South China Morning Post. "FDC's New Structure,"
Sing Tao Daily. "Report on Chai Ling's Visit to Yale University,"
China News Digest.

China News Digest: Personal account of two Canadians touring in China. Open letter urging that pressure be exerted on the U.S. Congress for
the passage of the Mitchell-Dole-Gorton amendment. Various reports on the status of M-D-G amendment. "Australia Declined to
Provide Names of Detained Students."

China News Digest: "Wang Juntao's Wife Pleads: Help Me Win His Freedom." Protests at Li Haitao sentence of 4.5 years. "New Restrictions on
Chinese Campuses Detailed." Reports on visit of IFCSS officers to Chicago. Shen Tong, an activist in the 1989 Tiananmen movement,
begins a national book tour in the U.S. to promote his book
Almost a Revolution.

Box 18

DE 1086.
November 10, 1990.

Physical Description: 78 pp.

Scope and Content Note

"Chinese Artist's [Fan Zeng] Reported Defection to France." "
CND Q&A on Visa/Job/Legal Matters." "New Wave of Crackdowns Forces Tibetans to Flee." "Update: The Immigration Act of 1990."
Letter from president of IFCSS to Hou Xiaotian, wife of Wang Juntao. Report on visit by Hu Ping, chairman of the Chinese Alliance
for Democracy, to Arizona.

"Chinese Official Rejects Softening on Human Rights." "Interview with Ge Xun [friend of Wang Juntao who recently returned
to Beijing from Texas to offer to help Wang] and His Wife Ms. Luu Jin." Letter to
China News Digest: "Why OSU [Ohio State University] Did Not Co-Sign Open Letter for Dissidents [charges that the president of the OSU IFCSS
has a collaborationist attitude toward the Beijing government]." "Recent IFCSS Works on Behalf of Dissidents." "Son's Return
Sparks Crisis for Family [report on return to Beijing of Ge Xun, petitioning to be a defense witness for Wang Juntao],"
South China Morning Post. "Ge Xun at Beijing Public Security Bureau [where he is refused request to meet Wang Juntao]". "Ge Xun Comes Back on Wednesday."
"China Allows Activist [Ge Xun] Safe Departure."
China News Digest: "U.S. Human Rights Official Visits Beijing." "U.S. Envoy Asks Facts on 150 China Political Prisoners."

"Nine Students Were Sentenced in Beijing,"
Xinhua News Agency. China News Digest: "More about Students Sentenced in Beijing." "Recent CLDP Activities in Atlanta." "China Quietly Freed a Group of Intellectuals."
"Student Leader in Qingdao Sentenced to 18 Years in Prison." "Second Round of Trials Underway."

Box 22

DE 1095.
January 10, 1991.

Physical Description: 27 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Chinese government spokesperson Yuan Mu says most arrestees in Tiananmen roundup will be released without trials. "Tiananmen
Exiles Divided, Face Lack of Support in Japan,"
Daily Yomiuri. China News Digest: Open letter to Chinese Consulate in San Francisco from Bay Area Chinese rights organizations. "China Delays Trials of Dissidents."
"Wang Juntao's Wife [Hou Xiaotian] Arrested." "Some Suggestions on Helping Political Prisoners in China."

Box 22

DE 1096.
January 15, 1991.

Physical Description: 34 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Trial starts for protest leader Bao Zunxin, one of seven prominent intellectuals active in the "Democracy Salon" meetings
in Beijing during the 1989 Democracy Movement. "China Steps Up Prosecutions, Puts Liu Xiaobo on Trial." Lengthy critique of
the viewpoint of orthodox PRC supporter He Xin (8 pp.). "Chinese Students Sent Representatives to Observe Beijing Trials."
"Mr. Mao Jiye Left for Beijing to Observe Trials." "Representatives of Overseas Chinese Arrived in Beijing." Appeal to write
to U.S. members of Congress to ask support for Liu Xiaobo. "Chinese Government Expelled Students' Representative." "Chinese
Authorities Held Student's Parents as Hostages." "China Bars Overseas Chinese from Trials."

Copy of cover letter and declaration from members of German Bundestag in support of Chinese dissidents. "Jailed Democracy
Activist Seriously III in China [Wang Juntao]." "A Dreary Look at Hard Time (Prisoner in China)." "Urgent Action Needed on
Political Prisoners" (letter from National Committee on Chinese Student Affairs, CCSA/IFCSS). "Special Package on Visa and
Job Hunting,"

"Leaving Behind the Iron Rice Bowl." Two reviews of books on historical China.

Box 22

DE 1106.
February 4, 1991.

Physical Description: 8 pp.

Scope and Content Note

"Two More Dissidents Tried in China [Chen Yanlin and Zhang Yawei]." "By-laws of the Supervisory Committee of the IFCSS." "
CND Q&A Column on Visa/Job/Legal Matters."

Box 22

DE 1107.
February 5, 1991.

Physical Description: 4 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Amnesty International criticizes trials of dissidents in China. "China Reported Arrests of Catholics."

Box 22

DE 1108.
February 6, 1991.

Physical Description: 4 pp.

Scope and Content Note

"China Tries Second of Four Dissidents for Subversion [physicist Liu Gang]".

Box 22

DE 1109.
February 7, 1991.

Physical Description: 3 pp.

Scope and Content Note

"New Year Greeting Cards and Donations for Political Prisoners." Chinese activists meet with U.S. Assistant Secretary of State
for Human Rights Richard Schifter. "
CND Q&A Column on Visa/Job/Legal Matters."

"Man [Han Binglin] Tried in China for Counter-Revolution." "More about Recent Execution Linked to Tiananmen Protests." "China
Vowed to Have No More Trials of Dissidents." "Top Tiananmen Dissidents Lose Final Appeal."

Essays, short stories, poems, and other texts, mainly by China's reform minded intellectuals. While treating the Tiananmen
Incident in several pieces, the focus of this collection is much broader and includes topics as diverse as Chinese film and
the treatment of sexuality in modern Chinese literature.

Baum, Richard (ed.).
Reform and Reaction in Post-Mao China: The Road to Tiananmen. London and New York: Routledge.
1991.

Physical Description: 209 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Collection of academic articles on the course of China's reform and causes of the Tiananmen Incident.

This pamphlet is an official response from the Taiwan government to the Tiananmen Incident. It includes an analysis of the
movement's causes and an account of the Taiwan government's attitude toward it at different stages. It also includes many
photographs. An English version is cited elsewhere is this bibliography under the title
The Peking Massacre: A Summary Report of the 1989 Democracy Movement in Mainland China.

Offers broad coverage of the interplay of factors that led up to the tragic events of late spring 1989. It presents a comprehensive
analysis of why the tragedy occurred, examing in considerable depth economic changes instituted in the 1980s and their effects,
power struggles within the Communist Party leadership, the role of the army, and the aims of the student movement. It draws
on a variety of sources that help to illustrate not just the events of 1989 but also the recent Chinese political and economic
developments.

A valuable English-Chinese bilingual collection on the 1989 Democracy Movement. It includes United Nation documents, transcripts
of audio and video news broadcasts, reports from Amnesty International and Asia Watch on human rights affairs, and a complete
name list of prosecuted democratic activists in China.

Committee on Human Rights in China.
Children of the Dragon: The Story of Tiananmen Square. New York: Collier Books,
1990.

Physical Description: 387 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Eyewitness accounts and chronology of the Democracy Movement in Tiananmen Square and the Beijing incident, with pictures.

Des Forges, Roger V., Luo Ning, and Wu Yenbo (eds.).
Chinese Democracy and the Crisis of 1989: Chinese and American Reflections. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
1993.

Physical Description: 371 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Contains three sections on the 1989 Democracy Movement by both Chinese and American scholars from a variety of backgrounds.
Section 1 places the events of 1989 in the context of Chinese history from the earliest times through the reforms of the 1980s.
Section 2 analyzes the rise and demise of the movement in spring 1989. The final section addresses issues related to culture,
values, and the media.

Titled with a phrase coined by Lu Xun to provide an image of China's lack of freedom in the 1930s, this book is a detailed
eyewitness account of the 1989 Democracy Movement by a Canadian China specialist who was living in the nerve center of the
movement—Beijing University campus—at the time. His account braids two paralled narratives: his own memoir of the exuberant
Democracy Movement, and a history of the bureaucratic power struggles behind the scenes.

This is the first collection of Fang's writings to be published in English. Includes articles and speeches that provoked the
wrath of the Chinese government and forced him, in the spring of 1989, to seek sanctuary in the U.S. Embassy in Beijing. This
is a rare glimpse into the intellect of one of the central figures in the democratic camp in China.

As the Beijing correspondent of
The Times during the 1989 Democracy Movement and a specialist in Chinese language, the author provides an authentic record of the movement,
especially the democratic opposition's struggle for its ideals. The book is also valuable for its description of the political
and economic problems in China during the first ten-years of reform.

Collection of articles from the proceedings of a conference held at George Washington University, Washington, DC, October
7-8, 1989, organized by Chinese students in the Washington area. The papers are divided into four parts: Overall Evaluation
of the Movement; Causes of the Movement; Process, Experience, and Lessons of the Movement; and Implications of the Movement.

Official documents, students' statements, and brief biographies of party and government leaders, famous dissenters, and student
movement leaders are contained in vol. 1. Vol. 2 contains articles and analyses of the causes and effects of the events of
spring 1989.

This book draws together the analyses of leading China watchers and scholars, defining the implications of the events of June
1989, both for China's domestic politics and for its foreign relations. It provides an expert examination of the incident—its
causes and consequences, the leading figures and principal forces at work.

Hore, Charlie.
The Road to Tiananmen Square. London: Bookmarks.
1991.

Physical Description: 159 pp.

Scope and Content Note

A socialist explanation of the history of China in the twentieth century, and in particular of the economic and social changes
in the decade after Mao's death that led to the revolt of 1989. The author argues that Mao's revolution was nationalist rather
than socialist, whereas the 1989 movement raised the possibility of a real socialist change brought about by the collective
power of the working class. The revolt of 1989 fundamentally threatened the "modernizers" around Deng Xiaoping. Conceding
to the movement's demands, the author argues, would have led to an even greater explosion from below which the ruling class
could not hope to control, and so they chose the only other option: brute force.

Pictures of the Beijing Democracy Movement and the Tiananmen Incident with a detailed chronology, texts of important speeches,
and biographies of some of the leaders of the student movement and of the CCP.

Official retrospective and analysis of the events in the development of the Chinese Democracy Movement in the spring of 1989.

Li Lu.
Moving the Mountain: My Life in China from the Cultural Revolution to Tiananmen Square. London: Macmillan.
1990.

Physical Description: 211 pp.

Scope and Content Note

Autography by one of the major student leaders in the 1989 Democracy Movement, who fled to France afterward. Includes an eyewitness
account of the movement, which is a vivid description of its every stage, contrasted to his personal feelings, which reflect
those of many participants at the time

Distinguished scholars from Taiwan and the United States analyze the wide-ranging effects of the crisis on the role of ideology;
the party; the military; social, legal, and economic reform; foreign relations; and the impact on Taiwan and Hong Kong.

Attempts to provide a sociological explanation of the development and the failure of the 1989 Democracy Movement. The author
focuses on the most puzzling decisions made by the students and the government at each stage of the movement, and discusses
how they led to the violence and the movement's failure.

Contains a brief chronological record of the events in 1989, a collection of articles and original documents, including personal
statements and declarations created during the Democracy Movement, and comment on the political roles of different societal
circles during the events.

The authors provide an account of the whole movement and some analysis of the general situation of China at the time that
triggered it. Two appendices collect numerous official documents, eyewitness accounts, and news reports on the 1989 Democracy
Movement in Beijing.

Examines the resources, dynamics, and potential of the 1989 Democracy Movement for changing China. The author believes that
in 1989 China reached a new crisis in searching for political reform, and that the crisis was not resolved by the repression
of June 1989.

Large collection of well-translated documents about the 1989 Democracy Movement. Gives a very good sense of what the environment
was at that historical moment and helps to write a new history of China.

Collection of articles, speeches, letters, and reviews, from various political perspectives, official, semiofficial, or unofficial,
on China's current reform program and related issues for 1988 and 1989.

The English version of [chinese characters]
Beiping da tusha: 1989 nian Zhongguo dalu renmin zhengqu minzhu yundongjiyao. Official publication of the Taiwan government.

Box 20

EE 1004
Photographers and Reporters of the
Ming Pao News, translated by Zi Jin and Qin Zhou.
June Four: A Chronicle of the Chinese Democratic Uprising. Fayetteville, Arkansas: University of Arkansas Press.
1989.

Physical Description: 171 pp.

Scope and Content Note

A chronology of the Democracy Movement from April 15 to June 9, 1989, heavily illustrated.

As consultants for China Central Television, the authors weave interviews with various Chinese intellectuals and artists conducted
in 1988 into their eyewitness accounts of Tiananmen. The authors argue that the students and other participants were not misguided
dreamers who took advantage of the disorder following Hu Yaobang's death to push for unrealistic Western notions of democracy.
Instead, the authors suggest that the Tiananmen movement was deeply rooted in Chinese history and was a turning point for
China.

Includes a brief chronology and a selected collection of articles and statements by official and unofficial sources, several
brief biographies, and reviews of the role of the army during the events in the spring of 1989.

Collection of reactions to the Chinese Democracy Movement from various parties in the spring of 1989, including documents
and news reports.

Box 19

EE 1002
Ting Tin-yu and Ming Chu-cheng, directors.
The Results of a Survey of Opinions Toward the June 4 Tiananmen Incident on the Part of General Residents of the Taiwan Area
and Residents of the Taiwan Area Who Have Visited Relatives on the Mainland.
Taipei: China Reunification Alliance: the Public Opinion Research Foundation.
1990.

Physical Description: 86 pp.

Physical Description: [2 copies]

Scope and Content Note

Analysis of survey data on Taiwanese attitudes toward the movement, political and economic developments in PRC, and relations
between Taiwan and the PRC after the June 4 Incident.

United States Congress, House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on International Operations.
The Role of the United States Embassy and the Voice of America in the Recent China Uprising: Hearing Before the Subcommittee
on International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, First
Session, June 15, 1989
. Washington, DC: U.S.Government Printing Office.
1989.

Physical Description: 104 pp.

Scope and Content Note

The record of the hearing before the Subcommittee on International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs on the role
of the U.S. Embassy and the VOA in the Chinese Democracy Movement.

A five part compilation including: (1) a brief narrative of the events; (2) analysis and commentary; (3) a daily chronology;
(4) several of the most important articles, reviews, and statements made by all concerned, in and out of China; and (5) photographs.

A collection of photographs with captions and documents categorized under various headings such as the Democracy Movement,
governmental affairs, reactions outside of China, and interviews with prominant figures.

An edition of the works of the well-known intellectual Yan Jiaqi, from 1980 to the 1989 Democracy Movement. An insightful
critique of the existing regime, with helpful introductory comments by the editors.