We report that a toxic polypeptide retaining the potential to refold upon dislocation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytosol (ricin A chain; RTA) and a misfolded version that cannot (termed RTA(Delta)), follow ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that substantially diverge in the cytosol. Both polypeptides are… (More)

A number of reports have shown that PRL is an immune-stimulating hormone that is capable of stimulating organ-specific inflammatory disease in humans. More recently, hyperprolactinemia has been associated with the active phase of the immune-complex-mediated autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus. The theory that PRL contributes substantially to… (More)

Published techniques for fitting data to nonlinear growth curves are briefly reviewed; most techniques require knowledge of the shape of the curve. A flexible growth curve developed by Richards (1959) is discussed as an alternative when the shape is unknown. The shape of this curve is governed by a specific parameter, which can be estimated from the data.… (More)

for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Any remaining errors are our responsibility. Abstract Confusion surrounding the reporting and interpretation of results of classical statistical tests is widespread among applied researchers. The confusion stems from the fact that most of these researchers are unaware of the historical development of… (More)

Propionyl-CoA carboxylase has been purified to homogeneity and examined in electron microscope. The native carboxylase presents a profile with a large central subunit to which smaller subunits are attached. The central subunit has two prominent profiles, one circular (100 A) with a central hole and the other rectangular (70 X 100 A). The six polypeptides of… (More)