1.
Adelaide of Austria
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Adelaide of Austria was the Queen of Sardinia by marriage to Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia, future King of Italy, from 1849 until 1855 when she died as a result of childbirth. She was the mother of Umberto I of Italy and she was born at the Royal Palace of Milan to Rainer Joseph of Austria and his wife Elisabeth of Savoy. Named Adelaide, or known as Adele in the family, she held the title of Archduchess of Austria and her father was the Viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia and was a son of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Luisa of Spain. Her mother was a member of the House of Savoy and a daughter of the Prince of Carignano and her younger brother Archduke Rainer Ferdinand later acted as Minister President of Austria. Both of her brothers contracted morganatic marriages, on 12 April 1842, at the Palazzina di caccia di Stupinigi, she married Victor Emmanuel of Savoy. The marriage was used to cement relations between the House of Savoy and that of the House of Habsburg but was viewed by people of the time to increase Austrian power in Italy. Victor Emmanuel was her first cousin and heir apparent to the King of Sardinia and he was styled the Duke of Savoy prior to succession. Adelaide thus took on the style of Duchess of Savoy and she maintained her style of Imperial & Royal Highness till she became Queen. Her husbands mother Maria Theresa of Austria retained great influence over her son throughout his life and her mother-in-law was also her first cousin, both she and Adelaide being grandchildren of Emperor Leopold II. Adelaide and her husband of thirteen years had eight children, four of these went on to have further progeny. Her husband had various extramarital affairs throughout the marriage, Adelaide was a quiet and pious woman and had had a strict upbringing. She was a wife and frequently would give to charity. In March 1849 her father-in-law King Charles Albert abdicated after the events of the Revolutions of 1848 and her husband succeeded as Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia. During her tenure as queen consort she had three children all of which died in infancy. On 8 January 1855 she gave birth to a son who was styled the Count of Genevois, days later Queen Maria Theresa died on 12 January 1855. Adelaide went to the queens funeral on 16 January and returning to the palace caught a cold. She died four days later at the Royal Palace of Turin having had an attack of Gastroenteritis. Another story says that Adelaide died of her burns after stepping on a match set fire to her clothes

2.
Agnes of Bohemia, Duchess of Jawor
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Agnes of Bohemia was the only child of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia by his second wife, Elisabeth Richeza of Poland. She was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty and her fathers previous marriage to Judith of Habsburg had produced four surviving children, Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Anna of Bohemia, Elisabeth of Bohemia and Margaret of Bohemia. Wenceslaus II died in 1305 and his heir Wenceslaus III was assassinated one year later, in Olomouc, Agnes mother, Elisabeth, subsequently married Rudolph III, son of Albert of Habsburg on 16 October 1306. Rudolph was chosen to be King of Bohemia by part of Czech nobility, Rudolph died 4 July 1307 of dysentery after becoming ill during the siege of the fortress of one of revolting noblemen, Bavor III of Strakonice. In his last will, Rudolph acknowledged Elizabeths dowry towns and entailed her a huge amount of money, Elisabeth arranged for Agnes to marry Henry I of Jawor. The wedding took place in 1316, however, because the two were related in the degree of kinship, a papal dispensation was required. Agnes had only one pregnancy ended in a miscarriage, in the first trimester. This accident kept her in bed for many months, Agnes died in 1337, only two years after her mother and nine years before her husband. Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast, cawley, Charles, SILESIA, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy

3.
Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia
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Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia was the youngest daughter and fourth child of Tsar Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia, and his wife, Princess Charlotte of Prussia. She was a sister of Tsar Alexander II of Russia. She was the namesake of her aunt, Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna. According to her sister Olgas memoirs, Alexandra had inherited her mothers Prussian look and it was also said that she resembled her late maternal grandmother, Queen Louise of Prussia. Nicholas affectionately spoke of Adini as, a little moppet, but very sweet. Alexandra was famous in Saint Petersburg society for both her wit and her lively personality and she was also the musician in the family. A serious student of music, she was talented enough to qualify for lessons from the famous soprano Henriette Sontag. On 28 January 1844, Alexandra married Prince Frederick William of Hesse in St. Petersburg and her husband was the only son of Prince William of Hesse and Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark. Fritz, as he was called, had come to St. Petersburg as a bridegroom for Olga. The emperor and empress then gave their permission for Alexandra and Fritz to be married, Alexandra became acutely ill with tuberculosis shortly before her wedding, and this complicated the pregnancy which soon followed. She was never enough to travel to Hesse and take up her new position with her husband. They stayed in St. Petersburg, where her health rapidly declined and she went into labor prematurely, three months before the child was due, and gave birth to a son, Wilhelm. The infant died shortly after he was born, and Alexandra died later the same day and her parents were devastated and their grief would last until the end of their lives. She was buried at the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg and her son was buried in Rumpenheim. Nine years later, Fritz married Adinis first cousin, Princess Anna of Prussia, eventually he became head of the House of Hesse-Kassel. Although they had six children together, Fritz and Anna were never emotionally close, in the gardens of the Petergof palace near Saint Petersburg there is a memorial bench with a small sculpture bust of the Grand Duchess. Her rooms there have been preserved just as they were at the time of her death, six sheaves of wheat made of diamonds, which came to Hesse on one of the gowns in Alexandras trousseau, were transformed into a tiara by Anna around 1900. Catalog of exhibition at the Portland Art Museum,2005, john E. Buchanan, Jr. Director, The Marilyn H. and Dr. Robert B

4.
Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia
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Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia, was a daughter of Tsar Paul I of Russia and sister of Emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I. She Married Archduke Joseph of Austria, Governor of Hungary. )Her marriage was the only Romanov-Habsburg marital alliance that ever occurred. Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna was born in Saint Petersburg as the child and eldest daughter of Tsar Paul I of Russia. The sex of the child disappointed her paternal grandmother, Empress Catherine II and she wrote, A third child was born and was a girl, which was named Alexandra in honor of his older brother. To tell the truth, I am infinitely more like boys than girls, the Empress secretary Alexander Khrapovitsky wrote that the Empress considered the newborn Grand Duchess Alexandra very ugly, especially compared with her older brothers. The comparison with her younger sister Elena, was unfavorable to her. However, as a gift for the birth of Alexandra, Catherine II gave her son Gatchina Palace, gradually the Empress starts to had better feelings about her granddaughter. On 12 March 1787 she wrote to her, Alexandra Pavlovna, Im always pleased that youre clever, dont cry and was funny, youre smart. Thank you, that you love me, Ill love you, in turn, Alexandra was particularly attached to her grandmother. Catherine II noted, She loves me more than anyone in the world and she received the usual education of Russian princesses and was taught French and German as well as music and drawing. Alexandra was very close to her younger sister Elena, and they were painted together. Alexandras upbringing, as well as her sisters, was entrusted to Charlotte von Lieven, the older Grand Duchess was a very diligent student. In 1787, her mother wrote about her four-year-old daughter. Alexandra was fascinated by drawing and I think she has a talent in this art, and the music and singing. In 1790, in her letter to the Baron von Grimm, Catherine II gave a description of her granddaughter and she speaks four languages, had a good writing and drawing, playing with the harpsichord, singing, dancing, learning easily and show a great gentleness of character. In 1794, the Empress begins to think about the future of the Grand Duchess, Alexandra Pavlovna already eleven years old, and that summer a girl should be considered an adult. It is time for the one to get married. She and the sister, beautiful

5.
Irene Angelina
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Irene Angelina, was a Byzantine princess member of the Angelos dynasty and by her two marriages Queen of Sicily in 1193 and Queen of Germany from 1198 to 1208. She was the daughter of Byzantine emperor Isaac II Angelos and his first wife. Who became nun with the name Irene, Irene was born in Constantinople, her father Isaac II inaugurated his reign with a decisive victory over the Norman invaders on the Balkans in the 1185 Battle of Demetritzes. In 1193 he and King Tancred of Sicily arranged Irenes marriage with Tancreds eldest son, Roger was declared co-king, but died on 24 December 1193, shortly before his fathers death on 20 February 1194. Sicily was claimed by Tancreds aunt Constance and her husband, Emperor Henry VI, after he had conquered the Sicilian kingdom, Irene was captured on 29 December 1194 and was married on 25 May 1197 to Henrys younger brother, Duke Philip of Swabia. In Germany, she was renamed Maria, after the Emperor had died on September 28, Philip was elected King of the Romans in Mühlhausen on 8 March 1198. She thus had an influence on the eventual diversion of the Crusade to Constantinople in 1204. Rivalled by the Welf scion Otto IV, Philip was able to stable his rule over the German kingdom, on 21 June 1208, he was killed by the Bavarian Count Palatine Otto VIII of Wittelsbach, leaving Irene widowed a second time. After the murder of her husband, Irene - who was pregnant at the time - retired to Hohenstaufen Castle, there, two months later on 27 August, she gave birth to another daughter. Both mother and child died shortly afterwards and she was buried in the family mausoleum in the Staufen proprietary monastery of Lorch Abbey, along with her daughter and sons. Her grave was destroyed and cannot be reconstructed, Philip and Irene had seven children, two sons who died in infancy and four daughters, Beatrix, married her fathers rival Emperor Otto IV in 1212 and died three weeks later without issue. Maria, married Duke Henry, Hereditary Prince of Brabant, by whom she had issue, kunigunde, married King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia, by whom she had issue. Elisabeth, married King Ferdinand III of Castile, by whom she had issue, in his poem on King Philips Magdeburg Christmas celebrations, the minnesinger Walther von der Vogelweide described Irene as rose ane dorn, ein tube sunder gallen. O city of Byzantium, annals of Niketas Choniates tr, bruno W. Häuptli, IRENE von Byzanz, in, Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon, vol. 28, Bautz, Nordhausen 2007, ISBN 978-3-88309-413-7, pp. 858–862, Irene Angelina at Find a Grave Bibliography about Irene Angelina in OPAC Regesta Imperii

6.
Anna Leopoldovna
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Elisabeth Katharina Christine was the daughter of Catherine, the sister of the Russian empress Anna, and of Karl Leopold, the duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Catherine separated from Elisabeths father and the two escaped to Russia in 1722, Catherine was considered for the imperial throne in 1730 but her sister Anna was chosen instead. In 1733, Elisabeth converted to the Russian Orthodox Church and given the name Anna Leopoldovna, in 1739, she married Anthony Ulrich, son of Ferdinand Albert, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. He had lived in Russia since 1733 so that she could get to know him, on 5 October 1740, the empress Anna adopted their newborn son Ivan and proclaimed him heir to the Russian throne. On 28 October, just a few weeks after this proclamation, Biron, however, had made himself an object of detestation to the Russian people. After Biron threatened to exile Anna and her spouse to Germany, the coup succeeded and she assumed the regency on 8 November, taking the title of Grand Duchess. Field Marshal Münnich personally arrested Biron in his apartment, where the formerly tyrannical Biron ingloriously begged for his life on his knees. She knew little of the character of the people with whom she had to deal, knew even less of the conventions and politics of Russian government, and speedily quarrelled with her principal supporters. According to the Dictionary of Russian History, she ordered an investigation of the garment industry when new uniforms received by the military were found to be of inferior quality. She also presided over a brilliant victory by Russian forces at the Battle of Villmanstrand in Finland after Sweden had declared war against her Government and she had an influential favourite, Julia von Mengden. Annas weak-willed husband did his best to ignore the affairs, after becoming Regent, Anton was marginalized, being forced to sleep in another palace while Anna took either Lynar, Mengden or both to bed with her. At times the grand duke would appear to complain about cuckolded, at one point, Anna proposed to have Lynar marry Mengden in order to the unite the two people closest to her in the world together. In December 1741, Elizabeth, the daughter of Peter the Great, excited the guards to revolt, the coup overcame the insignificant opposition and was supported by the ambassadors of France and Sweden, owing to the pro-British and pro-Austrian policies of Annas government. The French ambassador in St. Petersburg, the marquis de La Chétardie was deeply involved in planning Elizabeths coup, the victorious regime first imprisoned the family in the fortress of Dünamünde near Riga and then exiled them to Kholmogory on the Northern Dvina river. Anna eventually died on 18 March 1746 during childbirth and her son Ivan VI was murdered in Shlisselburg on 16 July 1764, while her husband Anthony Ulrich died in Kholmogory on 19 March 1776. S. Anna Ioannovna, Anna Leopoldovns, Elizabeth Petrovna on YouTube – Historical reconstruction The Romanovs

7.
Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain
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Anna of Austria was Queen of Spain by virtue of her marriage to her uncle, King Philip II of Spain. She was the eldest daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II and her maternal grandparents were Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor who was emperor when she was born, and Isabella of Portugal. Her paternal grandparents were Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia, Anna was born in Spain, but lived in Vienna from the age of four. She had many siblings, two of whom became emperors, among her sisters was Queen Elisabeth of France, wife of King Charles IX of France. Anna was considered her fathers favorite child, the story goes that he enjoyed playing and gambling with her and once a meeting of the Estates of Hungary was postponed because Anna was sick. She received a Catholic education even though her father was sympathetic to Lutheranism, as the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor, Anna was a desirable candidate for marriage at the European courts. Her parents thought of a Spanish marriage to strengthen links between the Austrian and Spanish Habsburg families, initially she had her cousin Don Carlos of Spain in mind, the only son of her maternal uncle Philip II of Spain. These plans were shattered in 1568 when Don Carlos died, plans for a Spanish marriage were revived when Philips third wife, Elisabeth, died in childbirth, also in 1568. As a result, Philip was left a widower with two young daughters, Philip was now looking for his fourth wife, since he had no male heir since Don Carlos died. In February 1569, Annas engagement to her uncle Philip II was announced, Anna traveled from Austria to Spain in the autumn of 1570 accompanied by her brothers Albert and Wenzel. They traveled through the Netherlands, where Anna was accosted by friends and relatives of Floris of Montigny, Montigny had been imprisoned in Spain since 1567. Now that King Philip had entered into a new marriage, Montignys family and they received a promise from the future queen that she would do her utmost to free Montigny, however she was unsuccessful, with Montigny being strangled on the orders of the king. Anna passed along the English Channel, where Elizabeth I sent her admirals, Charles Howard and William Wynter, to offer support, on 3 October Anna arrived on Spanish soil, but before she could reach the king, Floris was secretly put to death on 16 October 1570. The historian John Brewer believes that Philip had him executed soon after Philips first meeting with Anna. Besides being her fathers favorite child, Anna was also Philips most beloved wife, but the marriage was at first opposed by many, including Pope Pius V. According to diplomats, the king was in love with his young bride, Philip was a conscientious monarch and maintained his relationship with Anna twice a week to write notes. It was Philips fourth marriage, but the still had no male heir. Anna completed her duties flawlessly in that regard, not only was she a good stepmother to Philips daughters Isabella Clara Eugenia and Catherine Michelle, but she also gave birth to five children, including sons

8.
Anne of Foix-Candale
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Anna of Foix-Candale was Queen of Hungary and Bohemia as the third wife of King Vladislaus II. Anne was the daughter of Gaston of Foix, Count of Candale and her mother was the youngest daughter of Queen Eleanor of Navarre, and Gaston IV, Count of Foix. Anne grew up at the French royal court in Blois and she was educated in Latin and the Classics. The nephew of the French monarch, the Duke of Longueville, is reported to have been in love with her and wished to marry her, but he was prevented because a political marriage was planned for Anne. The elderly, twice-divorced and childless king Vladislaus II of Hungary of the Jagiellon dynasty had been searching a wife capable of giving him a son and his sights were set on a powerful alliance, and Anne, closely related to French royalty, was a good choice. So Anne got engaged in 1500, the marriage contract confirmed in 1501, on her way to Hungary, she was much celebrated in Italy and in Venice, causing a conflict between France and Hungary over who should pay the expenses. On 29 September 1502, Anne wed Vladislaus in Székesfehérvár and she was crowned Queen of Hungary there that same day, Anne brought a French court and French advisors with her to Hungary. The relationship was happy at least from the view, and he is reported to have regarded her as a friend, assistant. She incurred debts in Venice and was said to favour this city all her life, in 1506, her signature was placed on a document alongside the kings regarding an alliance with the Habsburgs. On July 23,1503 Anne gave birth to a daughter, known as Anna Jagellonica, and on July 1,1506 to the male heir. She enjoyed great popularity, but her pregnancies ruined her health and she died in Buda on July 26,1506, a little more than three weeks after the birth of her son due to complications from delivery. Married Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, and they inherited Bohemia, Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia, born on July 1,1506, killed at the Battle of Mohács on August 29,1526. Married Mary of Habsburg, their marriage was childless, although he fathered illegitimate issue,1895 Anthony, Raoul, Identification et Etude des Ossements des Rois de Navarre inhumés dans la Cathédrale de Lescar. 1931 Birkás, Géza, Francia utazók Magyarországon, acta Universitatis Szegediensis, Sectio philologica, Tomus 16. 228 pp.1948 Byrne, Francis John, Irish Kings and High-Kings,1973 ISBN 0-7134-5882-8 Dobosy, Tibor, Pierre Choque, Anna magyar királyné francia kísérője. 166 pp.1913 Kšír, Josef, K původu české královny Anny,2001 Macek, Josef, Tři ženy krále Vladislava. 1991 Marczali, Henrik, Candalei Anna II, ulászló neje, magyarországi útjának és a menyegzői ünnepélyek leírása. 1877 Solymosi, László, Magyarország történeti kronológiája I, ulászló magyar és cseh királynak házas élete

9.
Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia
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Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia, Tsesarevna of Russia was the elder daughter of Emperor Peter I of Russia and Empress Catherine I of Russia. Her sister, Elizabeth of Russia, ruled as Empress between 1741 and 1762, while a potential heir in the reign of her father and her mother, she never acceded to the throne due to political reasons. However, her son Peter would rule as Emperor in 1762 and she was the Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp by marriage. Anna was born out of wedlock, although her parents were married in 1712 and her earlier illegitimacy would pose great challenges for her marriage. Anna grew up in the houses of Peter’s younger sister Natalia, although born illegitimate, she and her younger sister Elizabeth were awarded the titles of “princess” on 6 March 1711 and “crown princess” on 23 December 1721. Peter planned to marry his daughters to princes in order to gain European allies for the Russian Empire. The two girls were educated with this aim in mind, learning literature, writing, embroidery, dancing, Anna developed into an intelligent, well-read girl who spoke four foreign languages – French, German, Italian and Swedish. Anna’s modesty and shyness were evident at an early age, one witness describes the amusing hitch that once occurred during the traditional exchanging of Easter kisses. When the duke of Holstein-Gottorp tried to kiss the fourteen-year-old Anna, she turned bright red in embarrassment, the dark-eyed Anna looked more like her father and was considered more level-headed and intelligent than her younger sister, the fair-haired Elizabeth. A contemporary described Anna, “She was a soul in a beautiful body. Both in appearance and in manners, she was complete likeness, particularly in her character, set off by her kind heart. ”On 17 March 1721, Karl Friedrich arrived in Imperial Russia to get acquainted with his future wife and father-in-law. He aspired to use the marriage in order to ensure Russias support for his plans of retrieving Schleswig from Denmark and he also entertained hopes of being backed up by Russia in his claims to the Swedish throne. Under the terms of the Treaty of Nystad Russia promised not to interfere in the affairs of Sweden. Another possible candidate as a husband was a grandson of Louis XIV of France and Madame de Montespan, the marriage proposal was ignored due to a difference in style of address. Anna was addressed as Her Imperial Highness and Louis was as His Serene Highness, as a favorite child of Peter the Great Annas name day was taken to be a national holiday in 1724. On 22 November 1724, the contract was signed between Karl Friedrich and Peter. By this contract, Anna and Karl Friedrich renounced all rights and claims to the crown of the Russian Empire on behalf of themselves, however a secret clause allow the Emperor to name a successor out of any sons from the marriage. As a result of this clause, the Emperor secured the right to any of his descendants as his successor on the Russian throne

10.
Anne Christine of Sulzbach, Princess of Piedmont
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She died during childbirth at the age of 19. Anne Christine Louise was born a Countess Palatine of Sulzbach and her parents had married in 1692, Anne Christine being their eighth child. Her older sister Francisca Christina became Princes-Abbess of Thorn and, later, Christine was a first cousin of her husbands subsequent wife Polyxena of Hesse, Queen consort of Sardinia, of Caroline of Hesse, Princess de Condé, and of Christine of Hesse, Princess di Carignano. On 15 March 1722 at Vercelli, she married Charles Emmanuel of Savoy, Prince of Piedmont, the following year, she gave birth to a son who was created the Duke of Aosta. She died a few days later on 12 March 1723 at the age of nineteen in Turin and her only child died in 1725 in his second year, thus she left no direct descendants. She was buried at Turin Cathedral and was moved to the Basilica of Superga in Turin in 1786, Prince Vittorio Amedeo Theodore of Savoy, died in infancy, buried at Superga. 5 February 1704 –15 March 1722 Her Serene Highness Countess Palatine Anne Christine of Sulzbach 15 March 1722 –12 March 1723 Her Royal Highness Anne, Princess of Piedmont

11.
Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
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Anna of Bohemia and Hungary, sometimes known as Anna Jagellonica, Queen of the Romans, Bohemia and Hungary as the wife of King Ferdinand I, later Holy Roman Emperor. She was the child and only daughter of King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary. She was a sister of Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia. Her maternal grandparents were Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale and Catherine de Foix, the death of Vladislaus II on 13 March 1516 left both siblings in the care of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. It was arranged that Anna marry his grandson, Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, second son of Queen regnant Joanna of Castile and her husband and co-ruler. Anna married Ferdinand on 26 May 1521 in Linz, Austria, at the time Ferdinand was governing the Habsburg hereditary lands on behalf of his older brother Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. It was stipulated that Ferdinand should succeed Annes brother in case he died without male heirs and her brother Louis was killed in the Battle of Mohács against Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire on 29 August 1526. This left the thrones of both Bohemia and Hungary vacant, Ferdinand claimed both kingdoms and was elected King of Bohemia on 24 October of the same year, making Anna Queen of Bohemia. Hungary was a difficult case. Suleiman had annexed much of its lands, the resulting conflict between the two rivals and their successors lasted until 1571. In 1531, Ferdinands older brother Charles V recognised Ferdinand as his successor as Holy Roman Emperor, Anna and Ferdinand had fifteen children, all of whom were born in Bohemia or Hungary. Both of these kingdoms had suffered for centuries from premature deaths among heirs, meanwhile, Anna served as queen consort of Bohemia and as one of three living queens of Hungary until her death. She died in Prague, days after giving birth to her last daughter Joanna, in 1556, Charles V abdicated and Ferdinand succeeded as emperor, nine years after Annas death. Media related to Anne of Bohemia and Hungary at Wikimedia Commons

12.
Princess Anna of Hesse and by Rhine
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Princess Anna of Hesse and by Rhine was the consort and second wife of Friedrich Franz II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Princess Anna of Hesse and by Rhine, third child and only daughter of Prince Karl of Hesse and by Rhine and her paternal grandfather was Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine. Her mother was a granddaughter of King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia and her eldest brother, Ludwig, married in 1862 to Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, third child and second daughter of Queen Victoria. As a young girl, Anna was considered as a bride for the future Edward VII. While his mother, Victoria, was in favor of Anna, Berties elder sister was opposed to the match, as she believed Anna had a disturbing twitch. As time went by however, Victoria grew increasingly impatient, and tried to ignore her daughters hints that Anna was not suitable, declaring, in the end, Alexandra of Denmark was chosen instead. On 4 July 1864 in Darmstadt, Anna married Friedrich Franz II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin son of Paul Friedrich, together they had one daughter, HH Duchess Anna Elisabeth Auguste Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Anna died of puerperal fever a week later after giving birth to her only daughter. She was buried at the Schwerin Cathedral and her husband remarried to Princess Marie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, and fathered by her Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, consort of Wilhelmina of the Netherlands. 25 May 1843 –4 July 1864, Her Grand Ducal Highness Princess Anna of Hesse and by Rhine 4 July 1864 –16 April 1865, Her Royal Highness The Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Pakula, Hannah. An Uncommon Woman, The Empress Frederick, Daughter of Queen Victoria, Wife of the Crown Prince of Prussia, genealogics - Leo van de Pas Princess Anna von Hessen und bei Rhein thePeerage. com Anne Prinzessin von Hessen und bei Rhein

13.
Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter
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Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter was the first child and eldest surviving daughter of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville. Anne married twice and divorced her first husband, In 1447 aged eight years old, Anne was married to Henry Holland, during the Wars of the Roses Exeter sided with the House of Lancaster against his wifes family the House of York. Exeter was a commander at the great Lancastrian victories at the Battle of Wakefield and he was also a commander at the Lancastrian defeat at the Battle of Towton. He fled to the Kingdom of Scotland after the battle, and then joined Margaret of Anjou in her exile in France, on 4 March 1461 Annes younger brother Edward, Duke of York, was declared in London as King Edward IV. Exeter was attainted but the new king gave his estates to Anne, Anne and Exeter separated in 1464 and divorced in 1472. If not decisive, her arguments certainly had some effect and thus she played some part in Edwards restoration, lady Dorset died sometime between 26 August 1467 and 6 June 1474 without children. Grey subsequently married Cecily Bonville, 7th Baroness Harington, another rich young heiress, Anne married secondly in about 1474 to Thomas St. Leger, a loyal follower of his brother-in-law King Edward IV. He took part in the Duke of Buckinghams attempted rebellion against King Edwards younger brother and eventual successor King Richard III, on the failure of which he was executed in 1483. King Edward IV had however in 1467 extended the remainder of most of the former Duke of Exeters lands to his sister Anne, thus, if she remarried any future children could inherit them. Anne died giving birth to her daughter by Thomas, Anne St. Leger. She married George Manners, 11th Baron de Ros, and was mother of the royal favourite Thomas Manners, in August 2012, a dig to find the remains of King Richard III took place in Greyfriars, Leicester. In September, it was reported that remains had found during the dig. The remains were tested using the mitochondrial DNA of Canadian Michael Ibsen, mitochodrial DNA is inherited unbroken from mother to offspring along a female line. Michael is a 17th generation descendant of Anne of York by his mother Joy and it was later named the Rutland Chantry in honour of her son-in-law George Manners, 11th Baron de Ros, father of Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland. And also the body of syr Thomas Sellynger knyght her husband which hathe funde within thys College a Chauntre with too prestys sy’gyng for ev’more, on whose soule god have mercy. Cawley, Charles, Earls of Kent –1408, Holand, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Ross, ladies of the Bower & Lords of the Tower A Medieval Re-enactment Society based in London, featuring members of the Neville/Plantagenet family

14.
C. C. van Asch van Wijck
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Jonkvrouwe Cornélie Caroline Cox van Asch van Wijck was a Dutch artist and sculptor. Cornélie Caroline Cox van Asch van Wijck was the daughter of Jonkheer nl, Hubert Willem van Asch van Wijck and she was the fourth of five children, Constance Conny, Maurits Maus, Cecilius Cecil, Cornélie Cox and Wilhelmina Adolphina Dolph. Cox was named for her Aunt the Christian evangelist, Countess Cornelia van Limburg Stirum, in early 1914, the family travelled to Suriname. Cox and her two brothers Maus and Cecil were sent to San Francisco for their studies, Cox attended the Anna Head School for Girls in Berkeley, California. She was the Art Editor of the yearbook and had the ambition to become an artist, in 1925 Cox created a bas-relief for her former headmistress Mary Elizabeth Wilson. On 2 February 1919, Miss Cornelia van Asch van Wyck appears with Dutch Consul van Coenen Torchiana in the San Francisco Chronicle, the occasion is a reception for Dutch Naval Officers. Later that year Cox returned to the Netherlands in company of her father, in 1921 Cox was in England where she nearly got engaged to her cousin Graaf Constantijn Willem Limburg Stirum before the family intervened. Back in the Netherlands Cox pursued her schooling in the arts with the sculptor Toon Dupuis, C. C. van Asch van Wijck became an active member of the 1920s Hague artist community both as a model and as a sculptor. Cox modeled for the artists of her day such as the French painter and pastelist Gustave Brisgand, the sculptor and her Professor Toon Dupuis, at Soelen she set up her atelier in the gatehouse. On 18 September 1932 C. C. van Asch van Wijck gave birth to a son, Johan Adolph Dolph Völcker, Heer van Soelen en den Aldenhaag, Oud and she did not survive the birth. (De Heer Völcker van Soelen dankte al de aanwezigen voor de buitengewoon groote belangstelling en richtte zich tot het graf met de woorden, Vaarwel, dierbare schat, die alles voor mij was. As a sculptor, C. C. van Ash van Wijks most widely known work is connected with the Glassworks at Leerdam, in 1929 she proposed her sculpture of a Womans Mask to Petrus Marinus Cochius director of the Glassworks. The design was approved and went into production and it came in two versions, clear and frosted, some of the glass masks were completed with a wooden base. Her work inspired by earlier Glassworks contributor Steph Uiterwaals Madonna with Child, there was a bit of a buzz in the Dutch art world over creating and in glass and with industrial means. C. C. van Asch van Wijcks mask was part of an exposition in de Olde Munte in Arnhem and was received in de Arnhemsche Courant. In 1930 it won a medal at the Wereldtentoonstelling voor Kolonien. C. C. van Ash van Wijk pursued her forray in combining art and industry by partnering with Koninklijk Goedewaagen of Gouda Holland and she created a flying maiden, Anunciata, standing in a large round tassa in satinated cream. She signed it with her new monogram adding to her initials the V S of Völcker van Soelen

15.
Margravine Auguste of Baden-Baden
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Auguste of Baden-Baden was born a member of the ruling family of Baden-Baden and was later the Duchess of Orléans by marriage to Louis dOrléans, Duke of Orléans. Her husband was a grandson of her fathers enemy, Louis XIV of France. Known in France as Auguste de Bade, she died in childbirth and she is an ancestor of Louis Philippe I and of several members of royal families of Europe, such as the Spanish and Italian royal families, as well as the present Grand Duke of Luxemburg. After her fathers death in 1707, her mother Sibylle became regent of the Margraviate for Augustes brother and her mother was a great patron of the arts, making Baden-Baden a centre of architectural culture. Between the years of her mothers Regency Sibylle ordered the construction of four palaces in the state as well as two churches. Auguste saw the construction of the Schloss Favorite in Rastatt and her aunt Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg was the Grand Duchess of Tuscany as wife of Gian Gastone de Medici, her husbands own distant cousin. The Italian born Prince of Carignan was also a distant cousin and was a resident at the French, Auguste was the youngest of nine children and was the only daughter to survive over the age of seven. She had one brother, Louis George the future Margrave of Baden-Baden. As her mother was regent of Augustes native Baden-Baden, it was her mother who tried to find a candidate for her only daughter. The second was a French prince, Louis dOrléans, Duke of Orléans and her mother preferred the French match as it would strengthen ties with a powerful neighbour who prior to Augustes birth, had ravaged Baden-Baden. Auguste however preferred the German match due to her roots, chosen for, among other reasons, her familys Catholicism, she brought a comparatively small dowry of 80,000 livres to the Orléans. At the court of Versailles, she was known alternatively as Jeanne or Auguste de Bade, it was as the latter which she signed. Her marriage to the First Prince of the Blood allowed her to use the style of Madame la Princesse, at the time of her marriage, the young king Louis was engaged to his first cousin the Infanta Mariana Victoria of Spain. The couple were never married and in 1725 she was sent back to Spain then making Auguste. She was popular with the court and noted as being very charming, in 1725, Louis XV married Marie Leszczyńska, making Auguste one step behind the new queen in terms of rank and etiquette. She and her husband lived in the Château de Saint-Cloud, one of the Orléans residences, leaving Versailles on 4 August, she had to stop at Sèvres due to the extremity of her labour pains. Despite the stop, she returned to Paris, Auguste died on 8 August 1726, at the age of twenty-two, three days after giving birth to the couples second child at the Palais-Royal, the Paris residence of the House of Orléans. Despite the shortness of the relationship, many said that the couple was well matched

16.
Elizabeth Ann Ashurst Bardonneau
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Elizabeth Eliza Ann Ashurst Bardonneau was a member of an important family of radical activists in mid-nineteenth-century England and the first translator of George Sands work into English. The family supported causes ranging from womens suffrage to Italian unification, on 8 July 1813, Elizabeth Ashurst was born to Elizabeth Ann Brown and William Ashurst. Her siblings were William Henry Ashurst Jr. Caroline Ashurst, Emilie Ashurst and she grew up in the Ashurst home in Muswell Hill, London. Ashurst and Giuseppie Mazzini exchanged correspondence starting in 1844, in one transmission she sent him a translation of Spiridion by George Sand. Mazzini responded that he liked it and suggested that she also translate a work of Sands he admired, Hays had received support and encouragement from William Charles Macready and George Henry Lewes to translate Sands novels into English. Both wrote to Sand encouraging the arrangement and a friend of Hays, the initial translations of Sands works were done by Hays, Ashurst, and Larken. La Derniere Aldini, the first volume, was translated by Hays, Ashurst translated Les Maitres mosaistes and it was published in 1844. Mazzini wrote a preface for Ashurts translation of Lettres dun voyageur, Sand, at Mazzinis urging, invited Ashurt to her home in Nohant. Olive Class reported that Sand was unsettled by the display of feminist rebellion exhibited by her as yet still unmarried disciple. George Henry Lewes suggested to Hays that the translation to the English language toned down some of the rhetoric with an English cultural sensibility, four volumes of Sands work were translated by Hays and Amhert and published, but they floundered. In attempting to tone down Sands ideas, the books were stripped it of its power, according to Giuseppe Mazzini. The translations were an attempt to conceal the real nature of his infamous cargo. Both Hays and Ashurst also has poor financial rewards, due to the arrangement that they had made with a bad business publisher and they worked to find publishers for their translated and edited versions of Sands work. Larkens work with Hays and Ashurst came to an end in 1847, Ashurst translated the following books, Sand, George. Sand, George, and Eliza A. Ashurst, the Mosaic Workers, A Tale, to Which Is Added The Orco, a Tradition. Eliza A. Ashurst, Ed. by Matilda M. Hays and she was a dear friend to the Italian nationalist Giuseppe Mazzini until her early death. Mazzini and the Ashurst family grew close, and Mazzini considered himself part of the Ashurst family, Eliza, though, may have wished to have been more than a loving sister. His letters to her are reprinted in E. F. Richards collection and she met a French artist in Paris in 1847 or 1848, fell in love and married Jean Bardonneau, Esquire, against the wishes of Mazzini and her family

17.
Gowri Lakshmi Bayi
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Maharani Ayilyom Thirunal Gouri Lakshmi Bayi was the Maharani of the Indian state of Travancore from 1810 till 1813 and Regent from 1813 till her death in 1815 for her son Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma. She was the only Queen of Travancore to have reigned in her own right for two years becoming a regent. Gouri Lakshmi Bayi was born in the year 1791 to Princess Attham Thirunal, Senior Rani of Attingal of the Travancore Royal Family, Attham Thirunal was adopted into the Travancore family from Kolathunad in 1788. The Maharanis of Travancore were styled as the Ranis of Attingal, Gowri Lakshmi Bayi was one of Travancores most popular Queens and introduced several reforms in the state. At the death of the Maharajah, Gowri Lakshmi Bayi, the senior Rani of Attingal, was twenty years of age. There were no eligible male members in the family which meant she would have to take over Travancore and this irked Kerala Varma who resorted to tact and tried to convince the Princess to give up her claim. However the Resident sided with Gowri Lakshmi Bayi and she was made the Regent Maharani of Travancore in 1811, Kerala Varma was permitted to reside at Trivandrum, the capital, but when he tried to create further troubles, he was imprisoned and banished from Travancore. One of the earliest acts of Regent Gowri Lakshmi Bayi was to dismiss the existing Dewan or Prime Minister, Ummini Thampi was accused of squandering money and acquiring all the property of the vanquished rebel freedom fighter Velu Thampi Dalawa and others. He was dismissed and when he tried to further trouble he was imprisoned and punished after being found guilty of conspiracy against the Regent Maharani Gowri Lakshmi Bayi. Accordingly, Munro became Dewan of Travancore in 1811, the Courts had each two judges and a Brahmin Sastri. The judges were only from the Brahmin and Nair castes. For the trial of Government servants another court known as the Huzhur court was also established, the Police was reorganised in Travancore during the reign of Maharani Gowri Lakshmi Bayi at the suggestion of Col. John Munro Dewan. The revenue department was cleaned of corruption and revenue collection became smoother, Travancore contained a large number of Devaswoms or Temple Corporations that held vast areas of land and controlled most of the important and wealthy temples in the country. These corporations had fallen prey to corruption and mismanagement and they engaged the Dewans attention. More than three hundred of the biggest temples of Travancore were appropriated by the Government under a Devaswom Board and cleared of corruption, any Christian who provided free service to temple connected with Hindu religious ceremonies were relieved. Castes like the Ezhavas, Kaniyans etc. were given independence from their Lords, restriction put on the Sudras and others regarding the wearing of gold and silver ornaments was removed. A vaccination department was started in Travancore in 1813 under her regency, finding orthodox reservations amongst her subjects with regard to vaccination, the Queen first vaccinated herself and other members of the Royal family to reassure her people. In 1814, Colonel John Munro resigned his Dewanship as it was not a permanent arrangement for the Resident to take that post, in his stead the Judge of the Appeal Court, Devan Padmanabhan was appointed as Dewan

18.
Beatrice of Portugal, Duchess of Savoy
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Infanta Beatrice of Portugal, Portuguese, Beatriz) was Duchess of Savoy by marriage. She was the Sovereign Countess of Asti from 1531 to 1538 and she was the second daughter of Manuel I of Portugal and his second wife, Maria of Aragon. Her siblings included King John III of Portugal and Holy Roman Empress Isabella, in Villefranche-sur-Mer on 8 April 1521, Beatrice married Charles III, Duke of Savoy. He had succeeded as the Duke of Savoy since 1504, making Beatrice Duchess consort at the moment of her wedding, Beatrice is described as beautiful, brilliant and ambitious. In 1534, she welcomed Christina of Denmark, a ward of her brother-in-law the Emperor, Beatrice supported the plan, and when Louis died, she suggested that her next son could replace him. Nothing more was heard of this, however, in May, she was able to visit the Emperor with Christina in Pavia, but without any political result. She then lived as a guest with Christina in Milan, with whom she was good friends, in November 1537, Beatrice was escorted by the Imperial viceroy of Milan to the Emperor in Genova, but again, the meeting was without any result. She continued to Nice, where she reunited with her spouse and she died in Nice in January 1538. In Villefranche-sur-Mer on 8 April 1521, Beatrice married Charles III and he had succeeded as the Duke of Savoy since 1504, making Beatrice Duchess consort at the moment of her wedding. They had nine children, Adrian John Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont, emmanuel Philibert, only surviving child and later Duke of Savoy. After the death of the childless Sebastian of Portugal, her son fought for his rights to become King of Portugal, however he failed, Christina of Denmark, Duchess of Milan and Lorraine, 1522-1590. Prestage, Edgar, Il Portogallo nel medioevo, in, Cambridge University Press - Storia del mondo medievale, ricaldone, Aldo di, Annuari del Monferrato, Vol I and II. Testa D. Storia del Monferrato, seconda edizione ampliata, Tip. S. Giuseppe 1951, vergano L. Storia di Asti, Vol.1,2,3. Descendants of Manuel I of Portugal

19.
Isabella Beeton
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Isabella Mary Beeton, also known as Mrs Beeton, was an English journalist, editor and writer. Her name is associated with her first book, the 1861 work Mrs Beetons Book of Household Management. She was born in London and, after schooling in Islington, north London, and Heidelberg, Germany, she married Samuel Orchart Beeton, in 1857, less than a year after the wedding, Isabella began writing for one of her husbands publications, The Englishwomans Domestic Magazine. She translated French fiction and wrote the column, though all the recipes were plagiarised from other works or sent in by the magazines readers. Isabella was working on a version of her book, which was to be titled The Dictionary of Every-Day Cookery. She gave birth to four children, two of whom died in infancy, and had several miscarriages, the Book of Household Management has been edited, revised and enlarged several times since Isabellas death and is still in print as at 2016. Food writers have stated that the subsequent editions of the work were far removed from, several cookery writers, including Elizabeth David and Clarissa Dickson Wright, have criticised Isabellas work, particularly her use of other peoples recipes. Others, such as the food writer Bee Wilson, consider the censure overstated, and she is also considered a strong influence in the building or shaping of a middle-class identity of the Victorian era. Isabella Mayson was born on 14 March 1836 in Marylebone, London and she was the eldest of three daughters to Benjamin Mayson, a linen factor and his wife Elizabeth. Shortly after Isabellas birth the family moved to Milk Street, Cheapside, Isabella went to live with her recently widowed paternal grandfather in Great Orton, Cumberland, though she was back with her mother within the next two years. Three years after Benjamins death Elizabeth married Henry Dorling, a widower with four children, Henry was the Clerk of Epsom Racecourse, and had been granted residence within the racecourse grounds. The family, including Elizabeths mother, moved to Surrey and over the twenty years Henry. Isabella was instrumental in her siblings upbringing, and collectively referred to them as a cargo of children. The experience gave her much insight and experience in how to manage a family, after a brief education at a boarding school in Islington, in 1851 Isabella was sent to school in Heidelberg, Germany, accompanied by her stepsister Jane Dorling. Isabella became proficient in the piano and excelled in French and German, she also gained knowledge and she had returned to Epsom by the summer of 1854 and took further lessons in pastry-making from a local baker. Around 1854 Isabella began a relationship with Samuel Orchart Beeton and his family had lived in Milk Street at the same time as the Maysons—Samuels father still ran the Dolphin Tavern there—and Samuels sisters had also attended the same Heidelberg school as Isabella. The couple entered into extensive correspondence in 1855—in which Isabella signed her letters as Fatty—and they announced their engagement in June 1855, the marriage took place at St Martins Church, Epsom, in July the following year, and was announced in The Times. Samuel was a discreet but firm believer in the equality of women and their relationship, the couple went to Paris for a three-week honeymoon, after which Samuels mother joined them in a visit to Heidelberg

20.
Berengaria of Portugal
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Berengaria of Portugal, was a Portuguese infanta, later Queen consort of Denmark. She was the daughter of Portuguese King Sancho I and Dulce of Aragon. She married Danish King Valdemar II and was the mother of Danish kings Eric IV, Abel, Berengaria was the tenth of eleven children born to her parents. By the age of fourteen in 1212, Berengaria was an orphan, her father died in 1212, in various annals and ballads she is called Bringenilæ, Bengerd, Bengjerd and related forms. In other words, she predicted Berengarias sons fight over the throne would bring trouble to Denmark, although this is merely legend, valdemar’s first wife, Dagmar of Bohemia, had been immensely popular, blonde and with Nordic looks. Queen Berengaria was the opposite, described as a dark-eyed, raven-haired beauty, the Danes made up folk songs about Berengaria and blamed her for the high taxes Valdemar levied, although the taxes went to his war efforts, not just to his Queen. The great popularity of the queen made it difficult for the new queen to gain popularity in Denmark. She is noted to have donations to churches and convents. Berengaria was the first Danish queen known to have worn a crown, in 1221 Berengaria, after giving birth to three future kings, died in childbirth. Queen Berengaria is buried in St. Bendts Church in Ringsted, Denmark, on one side of Valdemar II, with Queen Dagmar buried on the other side of the King. King Valdemars two wives play a prominent role in Danish ballads and myths – Queen Dagmar as the soft, pious and popular ideal wife and Queen Berengaria as the beautiful and haughty woman. When Berengarias grave was opened in 1885, they found her thick plait of hair, her finely formed skull and finely built body bones, a portrait drawing was made to show how she might have looked

21.
Mary de Bohun
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Mary de Bohun was the first wife of King Henry IV of England and the mother of King Henry V. Mary was never queen, as she died before her husband came to the throne. Mary was the daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, and Joan FitzAlan, the daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel, through her mother, Mary was descended from Llywelyn the Great. Mary and her sister, Eleanor de Bohun, were the heiresses of their fathers substantial possessions. Eleanor became the wife of Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, in an effort to keep the inheritance for himself and his wife, Thomas of Woodstock pressured the child Mary into becoming a nun. In a plot with John of Gaunt, Marys aunt took her from Thomas castle at Pleshey back to Arundel whereupon she was married to Henry Bolingbroke, John of Gaunt had planned for the marriage between Mary and Henry to remain unconsummated until Mary was sixteen but the couple disobeyed. Consequently, Mary became pregnant at fourteen, the child lived only a few days. Mary married Henry—then known as Bolingbroke—on 27 July 1380, at Arundel Castle, at the time of her marriage, Mary was perhaps little more than twelve years old. It was at Monmouth Castle, one of her husbands possessions, Henry, the eldest surviving son, was later to become Prince of Wales when his father seized the throne from Richard II in 1399. On the death of his father in 1413, he became King of England as Henry V. Mary de Bohun died at Peterborough Castle, giving birth to her last child and she was buried in the collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of the Newarke, Leicester. Middleages. org article on Mary de Bohun thepeerage

22.
Charlotte Bonaparte
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Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte was the daughter of Joseph Bonaparte, the older brother of Emperor Napoleon I, and Julie Clary. Her mother was the sister of Désirée Clary, Napoleons first love, Charlotte married her first cousin Napoleon Louis, the second son of Louis Bonaparte and Hortense de Beauharnais. She studied engraving and lithography in Paris with the artist Louis Léopold Robert, after her father was deposed in 1813 he moved to America and purchased Point Breeze, an estate on the Delaware River near Bordentown, New Jersey. Her palatial house was filled with paintings and sculpture by such luminaries as Jacques-Louis David, Antonio Canova, Peter Paul Rubens, the surrounding park of 1,800 acres included landscaped gardens. Joseph Bonaparte played host to many of the national’s wealthiest and most cultivated citizens, Charlotte, known as the Countess de Survilliers, lived with her father in New Jersey from December 1821 to August 1824. Extant landscape drawings by her include Passaic Falls, a view near Tuckerton, New Jersey and she also painted portraits and exhibited her work at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Charlotte, her sister Zénaide, and their mother were painted by the French artist François Gérard, another French artist, the well-known Jacques-Louis David, painted a portrait of the two sisters, it shows them reading a letter from Philadelphia sent by their father. Charlotte reportedly died in childbirth, aged 36 and her tomb is in the Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence, Italy, and it says, Born Oct.31,1802, died 1839. Princess Charlotte Bonaparte, Infanta of Spain E. Benezit, Dictionnaire critique et documentaire des Peintres, Sculpteurs, Dessinateurs et Graveurs, patricia Tyson Stroud, The Man Who Had Been King, The American Exile of Napoleon’s Brother Joseph, pp. 88–113. William H. Gerdts, Painting and Sculpture in New Jersey, p.56

23.
Lucrezia Borgia
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Lucrezia Borgia was the daughter of Pope Alexander VI and Vannozza dei Cattanei. Her brothers included Cesare Borgia, Giovanni Borgia, and Gioffre Borgia and her family arranged several marriages for her that advanced their own political position including Giovanni Sforza, Alfonso of Aragon, and Alfonso I dEste. Tradition has it that Alfonso of Aragon was a son of the King of Naples. Rumors about her and her family cast Lucrezia as a femme fatale, Lucrezia Borgia was born at Subiaco, near Rome. Her mother was Vannozza dei Cattanei, one of the mistresses of Lucrezias father, when Rodrigo became Pope Alexander VI, he sought to be allied with powerful princely families and founding dynasties of Italy. As such, he called off Lucrezias previous engagements and arranged for her to marry Giovanni Sforza, Giovanni was an illegitimate son of Costanzo I Sforza and a Sforza of the second rank. He married Lucrezia on 12 June 1493 in Rome, before long, the Borgia family no longer needed the Sforzas, and the presence of Giovanni Sforza in the papal court was superfluous. Alexander asked Giovannis uncle, Cardinal Ascanio Sforza, to persuade Giovanni to agree to an annulment of the marriage, Giovanni refused and accused Lucrezia of paternal incest. The pope asserted that his daughters marriage had not been consummated and was thus invalid, Giovanni was offered her dowry in return for his cooperation. The Sforza family threatened to withdraw their protection should he refuse, Giovanni finally signed confessions of impotence and documents of annulment before witnesses. There has been speculation that during the process of the annulment, Lucrezia consummated a relationship with someone, perhaps Alexanders chamberlain Pedro Calderon. In any case, families hostile to the Borgias would later accuse her of being pregnant at the time her marriage was annulled for non-consummation. She is known to have retired to the convent of San Sisto in June 1497 to await the outcome of the annulment proceedings, the bodies of Pedro Calderon, and a maid, Pantasilea, were found in the Tiber in February 1498. In March 1498, the Ferrarese ambassador claimed that Lucrezia had given birth, a child was born, however, in the Borgia household the year before Lucrezias marriage to Alfonso of Aragon. He was named Giovanni but is known to historians as the Infans Romanus, in 1501, two papal bulls were issued concerning the child, Giovanni Borgia. In the first, he was recognized as Cesares child from an affair before his marriage, the second, contradictory, bull recognized him as the son of Pope Alexander VI. Lucrezias name is not mentioned in either, and rumors that she was his mother have never been proved, the second bull was kept secret for many years, and Giovanni was assumed to be Cesares son. This is supported by the fact that in 1502 he became Duke of Camerino, one of Cesares recent conquests, Giovanni went to stay with Lucrezia in Ferrara after Alexanders death, where he was accepted as her half-brother

24.
Joanna Mary Boyce
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Joanna Mary Boyce, also known by her married name as Mrs. H. T. Wells, or as Joanna Mary Wells, was an English painter of portraits, genre pictures and she was the sister of Pre-Raphaelite watercolourist George Price Boyce, and was herself associated with the Brotherhood. Boyce, born in Maida Hill, London, was the daughter of George Boyce, a former wine-merchant who had found prosperity as a pawnbroker, and his wife Anne. At the age of eighteen she entered Carys art academy, and afterwards worked under James Mathews Leigh, at his school in Newman Street and her first exhibited work was a life-size head, which appeared at the Royal Academy in 1855. In the same year she went to Paris, where she joined the class in Thomas Coutures atelier. She spent 1857 in Italy, and in December of that year married Henry Tanworth Wells, before returning to England, she painted the greater part of The Boys Crusade, exhibited at the Academy in 1859. Subsequent exhibited works were, The Outcasts, The Heather-Gatherers, Do I like Butter, la Veneziana, Peep-Bo. and A Bird of God. This last painting was complete on her easel at the time of her death. Boyce died from complications following the birth of her child, Joanna Margaret. After her death, Dante Gabriel Rossetti described her as a gifted woman. English women painters from the early 19th century who exhibited at the Royal Academy of Art Nunn,2 Painting by or after Joanna Mary Boyce at the Art UK site J. M. Boyce on Artnet Joanna Mary Boyces sketchbooks in the British Museum

25.
Marjorie Bruce
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Marjorie Bruce or Marjorie de Brus was the eldest daughter of Robert the Bruce, King of Scots by his first wife, Isabella of Mar. Her marriage to Walter, High Steward of Scotland gave rise to the House of Stewart and her son was the first Stewart monarch, King Robert II of Scotland. Her widowed father later married Elizabeth de Burgh and her mother, Isabella, was a noblewoman from the Clan Mar. Soon after giving birth to Marjorie, at the age of nineteen and her father was at that time the Earl of Carrick. Marjorie was named after her fathers mother, Marjorie, Countess of Carrick, according to legend, her parents had been very much in love, and Robert the Bruce did not remarry until Marjorie was six years old. In 1302, a courtier named Elizabeth de Burgh became her stepmother, on 27 March 1306, her father was crowned King of Scots at Scone, Perthshire, and Marjorie, then nine years old, became a Princess of Scotland. Three months after the coronation, in June,1306, her father was defeated at the Battle of Methven, as punishment, Edward I of England sent his hostages to different places in England. For the next four years, Marjorie, Elizabeth, Christina, Mary and Isabella endured solitary confinement, a cage was built for Marjorie at the Tower of London, but Edward I reconsidered and instead sent her to the convent. Christopher Seton, Christinas husband, was executed, Edward I died on 7 July 1307. He was succeeded by his son, Edward II, who subsequently held Marjorie captive in a convent for seven more years. She was finally set free around 1314, possibly in exchange for English noblemen captured after the Battle of Bannockburn, Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland distinguished himself in the battle and was rewarded the hand of the adolescent princess. Her dowry included the Barony of Bathgate in West Lothian, the original site of Bathgate Castle, which was part of the dowry, can be found on the grounds of Bathgate Golf Club. The site is protected by the Historic Scotland organisation and the Club is debarred from carrying out any work on the site without prior permission. Local school children are given the parts of Marjorie, Walter and other members of the court, after the pageant, everyone joins the procession along with Robert the Bruce on horseback. Two years later, on 2 March 1316, Marjorie was riding in Gallowhill, Paisley and her horse was suddenly startled and threw her to the ground at a place called The Knock. She went into labour and her child, Robert, was delivered by Caesarean section at Paisley Abbey. Marjorie died within a few hours and she was nineteen at the time of her death, like her mother, who was also nineteen years old when she died in childbirth. At the junction of Renfrew Road and Dundonald Road in Paisley, the reputed place of her death is now referred to as Knockhill Road, with nearby roads of Bruce Way, and Marjorie Drive named in her honour