Wednesday, January 30, 2013

It is those deep and remote imprints that set up a background of pain that need quieting. But until we understand early imprints we can never find a cure for deep addiction. Let’s say it again: stress in the carrying mother is passed on to the baby in the womb. The stress receptors undergo serious change and helps produce the platform for the baby’s latent stress/anxiety level; all because of bickering over time between the parents. And chronically high stress levels not only decrease immune function but increase the possibility of tumor growth (in animal studies). So when we come down with cancer at thirty we need to change our diet and exercise more, stop smoking, etc. etc., but most importantly, we need to see if the carrying mother was under stress; was there spousal fighting or was there a war going on? Was the mother depressed? These are the factors that count so much. These are the intangibles that create so much tangible wreckage. Reuter’s Health (Aug. 21, 20012) reports that mothers who smoked while pregnant gave birth to children with a much greater risk of asthma.(See )

Speaking of serious disease--cancer, there are many studies extant correlating parental abuse with later cancer. A study (“Children abused by parents face increased cancer risk.” Purdue University, Science Daily, July 17,20012, see http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/07/120717121922.htm ) from Purdue University found that adults who were emotionally and physically abused as children had a much greater likelihood of cancer as adults. The more intense the abuse, the more likely the cancer. Imagine now if we have left out of the mix one of the greatest risks of all: constant abuse while in the womb—a drugged mother, a depressed one, someone who is chronically anxious or tense and angry. Add that to it all and you have one of the great causes of later cancer. Mind you, that the critical period for so many functions lies in gestation. It is a time when the imprints that are laid down are engraved into the system and almost impossible to eradicate. The damage sticks and has lifelong effects. We carry that primal burden every minute of our lives and there is no escaping it. It is the appointment in Samarra again. In the old tale, someone fears that death is coming to get him and moves to a remote city (Samarra) to escape him, only to find that death has changed his plans and will be coming to Samarra. There is no escape from primal pain, and yet many of us spend our lives running from it.

It is clear that if we want cure, we need to descend to the lower depths, the zone of the interior to read the notes from the underground. Those notes have a most painful message, can only be read a bit at a time. An example of delving deep: below so much of depression lies hopelessness (I have written extensively on this). If we could relive current hopelessness we would still be dogged by a memory where mother smoked or drank and endangered the life of the fetus. In short, depression would persist because of preverbal experiences that were never resolved. It would be deep and unexplained depressions, a seeming mystery because it comes from so deep and such remote places. We would alleviate the depression when we addressed some of it (hopelessness) in current life but it never would be cure. If you do not believe in imprints then all is lost and you will never arrive at the generating sources of an affliction or symptom.

Let’s be more explicit. When we are depressed there are biochemical elements involved in addition to the psychological symptoms. Those same elements in inchoate form exist in the womb so that when the mother smokes incessantly or drinks, the baby cannot escape: the biochemistry kicks in and there is the starting basis for depression. It is that aspect of depression/hopelessness that resonates when one feels depressed in the present. When the fetus is in an inescapable situation and feels helpless and hopeless, as when he is suffused with smoke that reduces oxygen supply that the elements of depression occur. It is not called that in a six month old fetus but he now is beginning to have the building blocks for it later on when we can give it a name…depression. It is repression raised to a higher level, due to the tremendous force of the original imprint. And what can happen when the fetus is overwhelmed with the inescapable input is that the brain does what it can to combat that deleterious input; sometimes the brain is pushed to such a limit that the seeds of serious mental illness are set down. The brain is awash in the massive imprint, which does not go away. It starts with ADD when the child is young and deteriorates later on into mental illness. And when he goes to a doctor to see what is wrong…..heredity can be the only answer……because no one can imagine the imprint and its effects. And no one can imagine the epigenetic effects of how memories are sealed in early on. One way is through methylation (adding part of a methyl group to an imprint). This changes how the genes are expressed or not, and that leads us to claiming something is hereditary when it results from experience that changes how heredity is expressed. But more on cure in a moment.

There is not a great deal of difference here between physical and emotional pain. When someone feels lonely or rejected she hurts just as if she were burned. Part of the limbic system is critical in both kinds of hurts (the anterior cingulate cortex lights up in both). Being rejected in high school (possibly a critical period in some) can leave a residue of that feeling for the decades to come. It leaves an actual mark so that in a recent study those with chronic feelings of rejection died much sooner than controls who did not feel that way. (see: “Childhood Trauma Leaves a Mark on the brain.” Translational Psychiatry, January 15, 2013. Carmen Sandi et al; see http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-01-childhood-trauma-brain.html ). Loneliness can be traced all the way back to just after birth when a child must be held and caressed. If he is not held, then he hurts for a lifetime and dies sooner. Pain and repression kill. Neurotics die earlier. It turns out that chronically lonely people are more likely to suffer Alzheimers and Parkinson disease. Wherever we look we find the same thing: early trauma has terrible effects later in life. (see: Social Science and Medicine. Vol 74) What is most important from my perspective is that when the brain is marked by trauma, it helps deplete serotonin supplies; and when that happens we have what I call “leaky gates’ for a lifetime. We are then less effective in our efforts to repress. Pain roils the brain. We are disturbed and cannot concentrate or learn. This was found in a study in Quebec, Canada (June, 2012. European Neuro-pharmacology; see http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22257439 ). Traumas around birth showed lower serotonin in the hippocampus. (lower C-AMT trapping). Here the study reports that limbic pathways were impaired during birth trauma and there was a greater vulnerability for psychiatric disorders later on. Here we see that birth trauma can affect us for most of our lives, and that happens when serotonin is so weakened that it cannot do its job of repression. The gates are leaky. And what do we prescribe for this condition? Something that makes up for what was impaired at birth……serotonin. Prozac is exactly that drug that boosts missing supplies. And why does serotonin play such a role? Because it is largely a “gate-keeper.” It provides the defenses we need against pain. It is the missing molecule depleted when traumatic birth occurred. It is making up for what is missing. We take it to try to feel normal; to normalize. We have to keep on doing it until we go back to the original trauma and relive it, making the connection that is integrating and resolving. Then we don’t need pills every day. We no longer try to replace missing parts; we re-establish harmony and change what is missing. Our studies showed that. Patients low in serotonin at the start of therapy came up to normal at the end (Imipramine Binding, Paris, 1982). What this shows is “cure”; levels become normal due to primal/reliving. It was more than an amelioration and more permanent. Here is what cure is about: making permanent change, not trying this or that to see what works. We need a theory to achieve cure in psychology.

Sticks and stones can break my bones but words can really hurt me.

Recently, they have found a specific neurosis associated with a birth trauma: namely obsessive-compulsive disorder. Thus, children with OCD are much more likely to suffer a birth trauma than controls. (J. Adol. Psychopharmacology. 2008, August; 18 -4- 373-9, see http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2935829/ ). And the question is, why does this reaction get imprinted and lasts so long? Because it is essential for survival that we remember what is dangerous and how to react to it. We need to have the capacity to feel terror and get galvanized to react immediately. Survival is rarely a leisure activity. Part of this is that the secretion of nor-adrenaline affects the amygdala and elements of the brainstem, which are mobilized. We become hyper-alert and ready for action, and this alertness interacts with the memory system to direct our efforts.

By the way, the same has been found for bi-polar disorder. Not a surprise, and I have written about this for 45 years.

It turns out that there are signs of oncoming panic. (Scientific American, Aug. 3, 2011) The subject is usually not aware of dizziness, trembling, agitation, that form the precursor of panic attacks. It is as though the pain/terror is on the rise and we are not aware of it until it is full-blown. Because the terror is set down so early, in the beginning months of gestation and imprinted so deep in the brain, we have no idea where it comes from. Terror surely begins its life in the brainstem and in archaic parts of the limbic system (amygdala). It is only when the gates falter and the terror bursts through that we become aware of it. Being aware is only half the job; then the work begins……getting to the source and reliving it.

Monday, January 28, 2013

So you think affecting a cure is complicated? Not that much. But it does take a little thought. Not much; just add a heavy mixture of feeling and you’ve got it. So let’s see how we do it. And while we are at it, let’s define it . Not so difficult: cure must be tied to causes, to generating sources so that we can eliminate those events that caused it all in the first place. If we leave causes aside, we can only palliate, and that cannot be cure. If there is no “why” in the equation, there is no cure.

First, we know that the brain has two sides; one more feeling and the other left side more thinking, grosso modo. And that the right side develops earlier than the left and absorbs so much early trauma long before we can understand it and give it a name. We are driven by those right side imprints so that by he time we are born we are allergic, colicky, (and choleric—bad tempered), nervous and have to constantly move, epileptics, and so on. So we are taken to the doctor who is mystified. But it can be understood and treated….if…….if we follow science and brain development.

The first thing to know is about the imprint and how and when it is set down. Then to know how imprints affect the whole neurophysical system. Then how the imprints endure and run our lives forever. Then, how to reverse the imprint. It can be undone biochemically or, more sure and effective, through primal therapy.

We do know that it is the right brain that is active when we retrieve old memories and when we relive those memories, and it is only through that brain that we can get to those memories, very early ones, that were registered on the right. Otherwise no matter how much we dig down, when we leave those memories intact that still affect and drive us. (see all of Wilder Penield. Also, Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 9 420-8). When we are in an intellectual therapy we will never dig out those early memories. In our therapy we dig them out in nonverbal ways, nearly always through physiological means that have resonated from above. That is, when something higher up elicits the same kind of feeling only deeper and nonverbal down below. The point is that when we use talk as the key mode of therapy we still remain driven and unresolved. We still leave a cache of feelings lying in wait. Interestingly, when we electrically stimulate the right side those early memories and early past experiences come up.

When a baby or fetus is traumatized he is more sensitive to later stress. His immune system is affected and he is more vulnerable to such things as Epstein-Barr disease or the herpes virus. In other words, when there is a virus around he will be more liable to fall ill, especially if he were unloved even in the womb (did not have his basic needs fulfilled). (Health Psych. 2012. July 2. Fagundes CP et al.). These afflictions are not considered mental illness but they are often the same imprints involved in serious mental ailments. Here there is dysregulation of immune function but it can other effects, as well. Do we want to alleviate that immune problem or cure it? To cure it, we must find the imprints. They are there and when the patient is given access he will get there. Memories will come to greet him. Yes we must treat the allergies, etc., but that only deals with manifestations not cure.

So what sets cure in motion? The necessity for connection. Connection of what and to what? And what is that connection? It means feelings moving from the right to left brain (connection), and sensations and feelings moving vertically from bottom to top (from brainstem to neo-cortex). All roads must lead to the cortex; from the unconscious to conscious/awareness. They must move both horizontally and vertically. The deepest sensations generally move from low in the brain upward and forward to the new cortex; they must move, in short, following the dictates of evolution, from history to the present, from preverbal to verbal, from feelings to ideas and comprehension. It is evolution that dictates how the therapy shall proceed, and we can abrogate that at our peril. When everything converges at the top we have consolidation and integration; we become whole and one. We are no longer driven by the unconscious and finally can achieve a bit of objectivity, even in doing psychotherapy. This is only a guess; it may be that we dredge up first line deeply placed first-line pain vertically, while the more feeling aspects are brought in horizontally. Not at all sure of this. It seems like first-line has a longer way to go to reach the frontal area. But logic may not be logical.

Contrarily, we can perform therapy by evolution in reverse; using the neo-cortex to travel back down to suppress feelings. Through the hope of getting well the patient is more repressed and sicker. He uses the last tool in evolution, language, in the service of repression instead of expression. That is why insights/language must always follow feelings and not vice versa. You cannot fool with mother nature and her timetable. If words came after feelings in our lives and in our history they must do so in our therapy. There is a reason to follow evolution because that is how our adaptation was built. The problem is that those who are repressed claim they feel better after cognitive help…..because feeling and pain are further away. The mindfulness people think this distanciation is good. I cannot figure out why. They teach us to be more mindful instead of more feelingful. They trounce evolution in a flight to their head.

So how do we know that feelings are so important? And that early imprints count for so much? There are literally hundreds of research studies underlining this point. There was a review of this work in the economist (July 2011). The major point they made was that a carrying mother’s stress can have long-lasting effects on how the genes unravel in the offspring, (a process known as epigenetics). Those brought up in abusive and unloving homes (famine, violence, war, divorce, etc) had life-long changes in their development, including chronically high levels of the s tress hormone, cortisol. Women who were abused by their husbands had children with excessive methylation of their genes; an alteration in how the genes evolved. And this alteration was passed on to the baby just as if it were inherited. In this way, and in many others, the anxiety and depression of the carrying mother get translated into the baby. And the baby is born with an enhanced tendency to anxiety or depression in addition to chronically high cortisol levels. In short, he is born stressed. Later on, he will over-react to tense events with higher stress levels. (See the study done at Welcome Laboratory in the neuroscience department of the University of Bristol, England. August, 2011).

Their work emphasizes the long lasting effects of early trauma. Higher stress levels affects learning and, above all, creates serious Attention Deficit. This is the definition of post-traumatic-stress-disorder. And the point is that many of us carry around this latent high stress level for a lifetime. (We tested many of our entering patients for cortisol levels, and they were universally high). Then we add an unloving home and other stress so that the latent levels are inordinately elevated. So then a man enters combat and later suffers PTSD, we think that combat did it. Combat only exacerbated the reaction and made it manifest; it became an overt symptom. He was already PTSD, only latent. There is a recent study that shows that those who had combat fatigue generally had more trauma in growing up. To cure this affliction we need to deal with combat and also the adversity from childhood that set the stage for it. In other words, there were antecedents for this affliction. Cure occurs when all the current and antecedent factors are addressed and relived. (please see: “Embattled Childhood, The Real Trauma in PTSD. Scientific American Mind, Nov. 2012). So a soldier can be aware of his combat trauma and unconscious of the traumas underlying it. It is what we can’t see that does so much damage. Moreover, it is the traumas that occurred during the early critical period that are so deleterious; the critical period means when a trauma is set down while need is greatest and pain is at its asymptote. It means that imprint sealed in is almost irreversible in its effects (excluding Primal Therapy). War usually doesn’t happen during a critical period but it is such a powerful force that its effects can be engraved just as during a critical period. It turns out that PTSD is more predictable by childhood abuse rather than combat experience. The internal war zone seems to be of utmost importance in producing PTSD. There is, therefore a confluence of two traumas, one we cannot see and the other that is obvious. We must not only treat what is obvious if we want to make sure that the PTSD does linger on and on. To leave the basic prime-evil imprint intact and untouched means always that we must do something each day to handle the symptoms which never seem to go away.

Abused children do have a dysregulation of their response to stress. Cortisol is sustained, becomes toxic and does its damage over time. The person becomes hyper-reactive and over-responds. And in the mother it can be passed on to the offspring. He is born with a tendency to be anxious and hyperactive; born, maybe, with a propensity for Attention Deficit and learning disorders. It sure looks like pure heredity but it’s not. It is experience, laid on top of what has been inherited; an experience during the critical period. It seems like one abuse cannot be that bad; but it is one abuse among many, and an abuse that is imprinted and endures and becomes a lifelong abuse. That is why we must always include the concept of the imprint in any attempt to understand human behavior.

I have discussed methylation before; the way that part of the methyl group helps alter the expression of a gene and seals in the experience; thereafter, we have something that can drive our lives maybe forever. A mother who fights with her spouse over time is setting up future behavior on the part of the offspring. It just doesn’t upset the mother but it also upsets the baby for life by changing his genetic evolution. These are the experiences left out of the usual psychotherapy that are key motivations for how we behave, how we learn and how and if we make love. It also plays a part in if the offspring can have children or is sterile. It can also help determine if we become obese, to say nothing of mental illness. In this period when the body and brain are rapidly developing, it is not a surprise that adversity affects so much of us (body and brain). When a carrying mother is chronically stressed and anxious it affects the HPA axis (those of you who know about it, fine, and those who do not know the details can look it up if you are interested. Not important for the layman.), and therefore sets the stage for later anxiety in the offspring. It can set up changes in his stress regulation mechanisms, and some of this is accomplished by methylation. These are known as epigenetic events; beyond genes. Yet it happens so early it looks like genetics. There is little question now that stress and chronic anxiety of the mother affects the baby’s HPA–hypothalamic/pituitary/axis. It heightens cortisol levels, and chronically high stress hormones affects so many functions later in life, not the least of which is thinking and memory. (see: KM Ratke, et al, ‘Transgenerational impact of partner violence on methylation in the promoter of the glucocorticoid receptor.” Translational Psychiatry, 2001). Much further down the road it may affect the development of both Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. What is important here is that in utero, events and trauma set the program for adult behavior. Especially afflictions such as heroin addiction. The person is trying to calm something inside that she has no idea it exists or what it is. Years later there maybe panic attacks that seem to come out of nowhere. But they come out of somewhere; it is our job to find out where. If we ignore early womb-life experience we will never discover origins, and we will keep looking into the current environment for answers. What is clear now is that some get addicted to heavy drugs to keep panic attacks from happening. That is, it may be the same imprint involved in both; only the drug user has found a way to block it. Not different when the panic-laden person who goes to a doctor and gets some of the same pain-killers included in heroin. (To be continued...)

Sunday, January 20, 2013

I often note that we are driven by our unconscious; so what does that mean? What drives us and how? Memories; not often verbal but memories, nevertheless. Let’s recap a bit. We have traumas very early in life that become imprinted and remain locked-into the system. Imprints usually mean that key needs were not met; as for example, in the womb, a lack of proper nutrients or a mother who smokes and drinks. Oh by the way, there is a “scientific” report this week that states that it is OK for the carrying mother to have one drink. NOT SO, EVER. It affects the fetus developing brain and we can only imagine what alcohol does, but whatever it is, it is not good and should never be allowed, even by the sages among us. And when one drink leads to another with one puff leading to another we have the makings of later serious mental illness.

So key needs are left unfulfilled and the system remembers it for a lifetime, and it drives us for a lifetime. And the act-out is direct reflection of the early imprinted memory. The imprint means pain, a pain of such magnitude that it must be repressed. And act out is in some way a means of obtaining fulfillment. Maybe later it can mean overeating to make up for starvation in the womb. Or it can be a sexual act out as the person needs touch and caress which went missing just after birth. The earlier the imprint the more powerful it is and the stronger the force attached to it. That translates into obsessive compulsive behavior as the drive is so strong as to be unrelenting. And so when someone finds religion as an act out, it is often because she needs someone to care and protect her. Someone to watch over her and be there the minute she needs him . So long as there are unconscious imprints, there will be act-outs. Smoking is a great act-out; the minute there is pain, often not aware, she reaches for a smoke. It is always there and ready to ease the pain. It is the nature of the pain that it is repressed so that we are seldom aware of it or our act-outs. But breathing deep and feeling the warmth from the cigarette go deep inside is relaxing and addictive. And so what do the Behaviorists do? They try to stop the act-out, stopping the only possible release there is and the only possible means of seeking out fulfillment. I have seen too many actors and directors who get depressed when they are not working. They need that outlet all of the time. When it is not there they slip into depression. Why? Their act-out is removed for a time and they are left with their pain and unmet need. They are literally bereft. They are getting close to, “Love me momma, hold me, be with me!” They smoke and drink more and do what they can to keep pain sequestered; again, a pain never or rarely acknowledged. I was once consultant on a film where the director, so insecure, kept sending the star notes of how much he admired and loved her. It eased her and him.

When we examine the nature of the act-out we can often pinpoint when the imprint was set down and how. One patient could not stand enclosed restaurants. She needed a constant supply of air. She became claustrophobic, and it got worse and worse. Until she felt it; and, as we suspected, her mother’s cord was wrapped around her neck and she could not breathe. Another patient had to keep moving, could not sit still, was ADD, and needed to travel all of the time. She was blocked in the canal and had a terrible time getting out. Her anxiety was having to sit still; and when she was blocked in a line she became anxiety ridden, the very same anxiety she had originally that had no name. Now it does, but that name does nothing toward a cure. It is what that name signifies that matters. Here it means being blocked when its result meant life and death. It is the meaning that matters and not the resulting act-out alone.

We see the importance of the act-out, because removing it opens us up to pain. So someone deprived of enough food in the womb is forced to overeat, that is, eating for now and then. The act-out seems neurotic only because it is behavior out of context. The minute we put it into context, it becomes real and adaptive. To relive being born and not immediately being held and caressed makes it clear to the patient what his act-out of having to be connected at all times means. He was detached from his mother with nothing to hang onto. His mother was quite sick and had to be isolated from several weeks. He had to feel this over and over again as it was set down, not as an adult crying about it. The pain of it went on for weeks and had to be relived methodically and slowly over time. It could not be rushed. But the more consciously aware it became the less force there was left and therefore the less he was being driven to act out. He did not have to get on the phone whenever he was alone in order to feel connected. He experienced the ultimate primal disconnection.

What is in the unconscious? A lot of pain and a lot of memories……..engraved. These are not just verbal memories; they are systemic, infused into every cell in our bodies. If we want to get rid of frigidity and other sexual problems, we need to experience a therapy that is global and physiologic; not simply intellectual. We need to free the body of its pain. The whole body must be involved again in the memory; otherwise it is a mental event. Too much of today’s therapies deal with act-outs because it is only a matter of behavior to change. We are not just changing minds; we are changing all of us because that is where the pain is.

Saturday, January 12, 2013

I swear I try to avoid nonsense, but when it stares me in the face, and when it appears in a scientific journal, I feel I must reply. Scientific American published a piece on anger and anxiety by cognitive people where there is not one word about what anxiety is or how to treat it except … except through changing your mind and thinking your way to health. (Sci. American 1-4-13).

What the article states is that we cannot always avoid what upsets us, so we need to reframe the experience; that is, look at it differently and deny our feelings. In short, use our prefrontal cortex to suppress our feelings. But of course suppression does nothing to eliminate the causes of anxiety. And therein lies the rub; the imprint lying below still continues to do its damage to our organs and behavior. No denial can change that.

It all depends here on their experiment; (by Dominik Mischkowski and others), where they had a group of volunteers (students), led them to believe they were waiting to start, kept them waiting, were curt with them, and later asking them to reimagine the situation. There is more but that is essentially it. What that has to do with real anxiety, I do not know. It seems more like annoyance. Their conclusion: the next time a car zips in front of you don’t focus on the anger. Imagine yourself looking at if from a distance, and “KEEP YOUR EMOTIONS AT ARMS LENGTH.” Some advice. Keep feelings at a distance…..and become robots? Or what? Is this science?

What they say is that it is not hard to dwell on the bad but focusing on the good could be the difference between health and sickness. It is quite the opposite; denying feelings makes you sick and hurries along a premature death. I have quoted study after study to this effect in my books. But look at the logic of it: keeping down and suppressing feelings is healthy? I suppose you could come to that conclusion if you deny history, deny imprints and neurological science and focus only on the present, which the cognitive people do ad nauseam. Feelings are the essence of life; why would we want to deny them? But scientists who live in their heads can do this because they do. So when a loved one dies we are supposed to think, how can I think about this differently? Crying is so essential that those who cannot cry fully need to go to grieving therapy to learn to cry so as to get some relief.
Can we really think our way to health? When over-thinking is the way to sickness. Those who come to us who live in their head have to learn to recapture their feelings again and become human.

And if all else fails in their approach, they say it helps to write a journal about it; another way of keeping it intellectual. Why not feel those feelings; they are a natural response, not an aberration to be hidden and forgotten. There is a reason that feelings exist, otherwise, evolution would have denied and eliminated them. They are a survival mechanism and as important as hunger and thirst. Feelings inform us who is good for us and who isn’t. Especially who is not is good for us and wo will not be dangerous. Feelings predate thoughts and long before we think they inform us about life. They are life, in essence….ecstasy, beauty and love. When you lose your feelings, you are dying.

What I think happens is that advanced university graduates apotheosize the intellect and denial is their way of life which they then elevate to the level of a theory. And then they find a therapy that accommodates this concoction (sorry, but it is a concoction out of their life style). They help patients get sicker in the name of psychological health. After all, they made it through life with their intellect, why not the rest of us?

They use phrases such as “moving past unwanted, negative feelings.” And they dress it up with a “scientific” phrase called self’-distancing. All that means is how to run away from feelings. Do I sound angry? I am, because people read science to find out how they can feel better not die earlier. They note that denying feeling is healthy coping while suffering and feelings is unhealthy coping.

So it is a turn on the old idea of thinking your way to health. Why are our feelings unwanted? They are natural reactions, not aliens. The researchers recommend being distant from feelings. Is that mental health or is that denial in the name of mental health? And denial is not just an idea; it means repressing feelings and most often that is not healthy, unless you want cancer and heart disease.

Thursday, January 3, 2013

I have long maintained that this was impossible since feelings can hurt but cannot be hurt. It is like an oxymoron: how can we hurt something that is already hurt? What we usually mean is that something we said sets off something in someone else that pains them. Then they hurt, usually only when what we said resonates with some hidden pain. If we say, “You are wrong. You made a mistake,” it can set off years of criticism by one’s mother who demonstrated in this way that she hated us. Therefore any criticism hurts our feelings when it sets off already hurt feeling buried inside of us. So it is not, “I hurt her feelings;” it is “ I said something that triggered hurt feelings inside”.

Let’s look at this from another perspective. We have a brain structure called the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). It is central to our limbic system/feeling center. When we begin to feel isolated or neglected this structure takes part and adds the “hurt” to our reaction. It becomes part of our pain network. (see: New Scientist, 1, Dec. 2012, page 37). This structure adds the force, valence or oomph to our reactions. But when we hurt emotionally there is another group of structures, the sensory group, (the anterior insula and others) that enter the fray and helps the emotions become physical hurt. They become intertwined and are “one.” Feeling neglected hurts both emotionally and physically. Emotional hurts, in short, have bodily accouterments; which is obvious. So when our feelings are hurt we hurt physically: it is not simply “in our head.” And therefore “head” therapy or cognitive approaches cannot touch it. Remember, we are in pain.

When we say that “breaks my heart,” it is literally true, and it can kill as readily as a gunshot. I have on film a woman I treated who was feeling deeply and who cried out, “my heart, my heart.” When she came out of it she felt her childhood heartbreak (sent to a foster home) and how much it affected her heart. Normally, repression keeps that from happening, except that repression does not erase it; it only drives it underground. It is repressed feelings that can kill us; for they do affect our organs, especially our heart. There is no escape; either we feel or we suffer. Pills can sometimes take care of parts of our hurt but they only suppress the conscious/awareness of the hurt, not the hurt itself nor its provenance.

Very early trauma can affect (mutate) a gene that helps construct opiate receptors that should dampen pain. And that can therefore exacerbate our reactions to hurt early on. (receptors are very dense in the dACC). We become more “sensitive” as human beings. It becomes part of our personality. These people need more opiates later on to make up for what was and is missing. They may be the “over-reactors.” And then we can add the epigenetic factors, traumas that occur while we live in the womb and just after, which compounds the problem. We then suffer, compounded, chronic pain; it may not show itself as such, but it can manifest itself in chronic allergies, which was my case. I had a runny nose that lasted years after I was sent away to a foster home when I was five. I knew nothing about pain. We see patients all of the time who claim never to have been in pain or feeling unloved; at least at first.

So we have genetic mutations coupled with epigenetic factors that compound the problem and produce highly sensitive beings. They were known by Freud as “hysterics.” The memories are imprinted and stay for a lifetime because we are then structurally different. So lack of love in the womb (a carrying mother who diets, smokes and drinks and who is chronically anxious), remains as a new part of us with a different brain and biochemistry. Not only is the anterior cingulate active in the anxious, carrying mother but no doubt the fetus is in the same physiologic state. I have written about this in my Life Before Birth, where the fetus’s biochemistry reflects the mother’s. And this is why we think it is due to heredity, and in a sense it is, and in a another sense, it is not. But this can produce chronic inflammation and associated diseases. The inflammation response is getting the body ready to combat intrusion, except that here the intrusion is from the pain trespassing into our system and our brains. It is a lethal trespasser that alters our neuro-physical being for a lifetime. It is not just our ideas that changes; it is our physical being that long predates the development of ideas. And we carry that hurt around all of the time. It first changes our bodies and then we when we have the capacity for ideas it changes them too. Here the lower level imprints send their messages upward and forward diverting ideas.

We begin to see how complicated all this is because when we want to find out what causes severe addiction we need to be able to look way back and far earlier than we imagined. There is a controversy as to how much of homosexuality could be genetic or epigenetic. Many homosexuals I know and have treated insist that it is genetic; but after seeing all this new research we see how early deviations begin both in the brain and physical system. So it is hard to know how much is genetic and how much isn’t. I still opt for epigenetics as a major influence. This may be added to genetic mutations very early on. Then there is more trauma and environmental influences are dominant. This is very true in the addictions I have seen. The earlier the trauma the more enduring and heavier the addiction, in my opinion, and in my experience. So when we use Behavioral therapy to treat all this we are far from the target. And years away from it and many millions of years distant in phylogenetic time.

There can be all kinds of mutations of genes early on, we are discovering that form the matrix for personality. For example, there is the cholinergic gene that when affected can alter how we learn later on. It again affects reactivity and how sensitive we become. This is the “mother” of the production of acetylcholine. It affects our ability to pay attention. The more the release the less ability to modulate and restrain our behavior. The greater the release the lower the threshold for nerve firing; in brief, the greater our reactivity and lower restraint and control. All this is heavily compounded by trauma during our life in the womb. So we have these very early settings for later personality; whether we are impulsive or over-restrained. Whether we speak our mind or hold everything in. Whether we are normally sexual or we are frigid; do we suffer premature ejaculation or have delayed orgasm.

There is something I left out: not only does the mother’s cells affect the baby, her emotional state and her moods but the contrary is true; the fetal cells affect the mother. A piece in Scientific American (December 2012) found that fetal cells in animals migrate into the mother and can act very much like stem cells; they can migrate in the mother to where there is injury and help the healing process. So it is a two-way street. The baby is a great help to the mother. Let’s watch the developing research on this.

So we note that very early experience changes brain structure and affects the developing neurons that already almost complete in the womb. When we want to understand the causes of allergies, migraines, asthma and high blood pressure we need to look in the right place and in the right epoch. We must not forget that epigenetic factors, life in the womb, can turn on and off key genes; this causes further transformation of our biology. So yes we are products of our genes and what happens to those genes along the way. The question is: are we only products of genes and epigenes? Is there free will? Not much.

Review of "Beyond Belief"

This thought-provoking and important book shows how people are drawn toward dangerous beliefs.

“Belief can manifest itself in world-changing ways—and did, in some of history’s ugliest moments, from the rise of Adolf Hitler to the Jonestown mass suicide in 1979. Arthur Janov, a renowned psychologist who penned The Primal Scream, fearlessly tackles the subject of why and how strong believers willingly embrace even the most deranged leaders.

Beyond Belief begins with a lucid explanation of belief systems that, writes Janov, “are maps, something to help us navigate through life more effectively.” While belief systems are not presented as inherently bad, the author concentrates not just on why people adopt belief systems, but why “alienated individuals” in particular seek out “belief systems on the fringes.” The result is a book that is both illuminating and sobering. It explores, for example, how a strongly-held belief can lead radical Islamist jihadists to murder others in suicide acts. Janov writes, “I believe if people had more love in this life, they would not be so anxious to end it in favor of some imaginary existence.”

One of the most compelling aspects of Beyond Belief is the author’s liberal use of case studies, most of which are related in the first person by individuals whose lives were dramatically affected by their involvement in cults. These stories offer an exceptional perspective on the manner in which belief systems can take hold and shape one’s experiences. Joan’s tale, for instance, both engaging and disturbing, describes what it was like to join the Hare Krishnas. Even though she left the sect, observing that participants “are stunted in spiritual awareness,” Joan considers returning someday because “there’s a certain protection there.”

Janov’s great insight into cultish leaders is particularly interesting; he believes such people have had childhoods in which they were “rejected and unloved,” because “only unloved people want to become the wise man or woman (although it is usually male) imparting words of wisdom to others.” This is just one reason why Beyond Belief is such a thought-provoking, important book.”

Barry Silverstein, Freelance Writer

Quotes for "Life Before Birth"

“Life Before Birth is a thrilling journey of discovery, a real joy to read. Janov writes like no one else on the human mind—engaging, brilliant, passionate, and honest.

He is the best writer today on what makes us human—he shows us how the mind works, how it goes wrong, and how to put it right . . . He presents a brand-new approach to dealing with depression, emotional pain, anxiety, and addiction.”

Paul Thompson, PhD, Professor of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine

Art Janov, one of the pioneers of fetal and early infant experiences and future mental health issues, offers a robust vision of how the earliest traumas of life can percolate through the brains, minds and lives of individuals. He focuses on both the shifting tides of brain emotional systems and the life-long consequences that can result, as well as the novel interventions, and clinical understanding, that need to be implemented in order to bring about the brain-mind changes that can restore affective equanimity. The transitions from feelings of persistent affective turmoil to psychological wholeness, requires both an understanding of the brain changes and a therapist that can work with the affective mind at primary-process levels. Life Before Birth, is a manifesto that provides a robust argument for increasing attention to the neuro-mental lives of fetuses and infants, and the widespread ramifications on mental health if we do not. Without an accurate developmental history of troubled minds, coordinated with a recognition of the primal emotional powers of the lowest ancestral regions of the human brain, therapists will be lost in their attempt to restore psychological balance.

Jaak Panksepp, Ph.D.

Bailey Endowed Chair of Animal Well Being Science

Washington State University

Dr. Janov’s essential insight—that our earliest experiences strongly influence later well being—is no longer in doubt. Thanks to advances in neuroscience, immunology, and epigenetics, we can now see some of the mechanisms of action at the heart of these developmental processes. His long-held belief that the brain, human development, and psychological well being need to studied in the context of evolution—from the brainstem up—now lies at the heart of the integration of neuroscience and psychotherapy.

Grounded in these two principles, Dr. Janov continues to explore the lifelong impact of prenatal, birth, and early experiences on our brains and minds. Simultaneously “old school” and revolutionary, he synthesizes traditional psychodynamic theories with cutting-edge science while consistently highlighting the limitations of a strict, “top-down” talking cure. Whether or not you agree with his philosophical assumptions, therapeutic practices, or theoretical conclusions, I promise you an interesting and thought-provoking journey.

Lou Cozolino, PsyD, Professor of Psychology, Pepperdine University

In Life Before Birth Dr. Arthur Janov illuminates the sources of much that happens during life after birth. Lucidly, the pioneer of primal therapy provides the scientific rationale for treatments that take us through our original, non-verbal memories—to essential depths of experience that the superficial cognitive-behavioral modalities currently in fashion cannot possibly touch, let alone transform.

Gabor Maté MD, author of In The Realm of Hungry Ghosts: Close Encounters With Addiction

An expansive analysis! This book attempts to explain the impact of critical developmental windows in the past, implores us to improve the lives of pregnant women in the present, and has implications for understanding our children, ourselves, and our collective future. I’m not sure whether primal therapy works or not, but it certainly deserves systematic testing in well-designed, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trials.

A baby's brain grows more while in the womb than at any time in a child's life. Life Before Birth: The Hidden Script That Rules Our Lives is a valuable guide to creating healthier babies and offers insight into healing our early primal wounds. Dr. Janov integrates the most recent scientific research about prenatal development with the psychobiological reality that these early experiences do cast a long shadow over our entire lifespan. With a wealth of experience and a history of successful psychotherapeutic treatment, Dr. Janov is well positioned to speak with clarity and precision on a topic that remains critically important.

Dr. Janov has crafted a compelling and prophetic opus that could rightly dictate

PhD thesis topics for decades to come. Devoid of any "New Age" pseudoscience,

this work never strays from scientific orthodoxy and yet is perfectly accessible and

downright fascinating to any lay person interested in the mysteries of the human psyche."

Dr. Bernard Park, MD, MPH

His new book “Life Before Birth: The Hidden Script that Rules Our Lives” shows that primal therapy, the lower-brain therapeutic method popularized in the 1970’s international bestseller “Primal Scream” and his early work with John Lennon, may help alleviate depression and anxiety disorders, normalize blood pressure and serotonin levels, and improve the functioning of the immune system.

One of the book’s most intriguing theories is that fetal imprinting, an evolutionary strategy to prepare children to cope with life, establishes a permanent set-point in a child's physiology. Baby's born to mothers highly anxious during pregnancy, whether from war, natural disasters, failed marriages, or other stressful life conditions, may thus be prone to mental illness and brain dysfunction later in life. Early traumatic events such as low oxygen at birth, painkillers and antidepressants administered to the mother during pregnancy, poor maternal nutrition, and a lack of parental affection in the first years of life may compound the effect.

In making the case for a brand-new, unified field theory of psychotherapy, Dr. Janov weaves together the evolutionary theories of Jean Baptiste Larmarck, the fetal development studies of Vivette Glover and K.J.S. Anand, and fascinating new research by the psychiatrist Elissa Epel suggesting that telomeres—a region of repetitive DNA critical in predicting life expectancy—may be significantly altered during pregnancy.

After explaining how hormonal and neurologic processes in the womb provide a blueprint for later mental illness and disease, Dr. Janov charts a revolutionary new course for psychotherapy. He provides a sharp critique of cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoanalysis, and other popular “talk therapy” models for treating addiction and mental illness, which he argues do not reach the limbic system and brainstem, where the effects of early trauma are registered in the nervous system.

“Life Before Birth: The Hidden Script that Rules Our Lives” is scheduled to be published by NTI Upstream in October 2011, and has tremendous implications for the future of modern psychology, pediatrics, pregnancy, and women’s health.

Editor

Legacy Program

Learn Primal theory and clinical practice: the Legacy Program is now available!

Beyond Belief

Released in May 2016!

Dr. Arthur Janov examines the power of beliefs and how they are used as a mechanism for dealing with early trauma that goes as far back as birth. Beliefs are a way to rationalize with pain rooted deep in the unconscious, and reveal that love is a biological need. Dr. Janov applies engrossing case studies and his many years of experience to bring the reader one step closer to understanding human behavior, and how pain can become converted into an idea.

Lecture videos about Primal Therapy

Life Before Birth

Life Before Birth was 1st Runner-up of the 2012 Eric Hoffer Book Award in the Health category:

"This examines behavioral markers before adolescence and childhood, all the way back to gestation. Presenting case studies and trenchant research, Janov posits that much of the adult maladies affecting so many, such as anxiety, addiction, and ADHD, have roots in fetal biochemistry. His analysis offers hope for those concerned about passing on many perceive as hereditary conditions that might actually be prevented with a healthy lifestyle before and during pregnancy. Janov breaks down complex scientific and health-related ideas into accessible, relatable language. Life Before Birth provides a unique guidebook for parents-to-be and an interesting set of ideas for everyone."This is Dr. Janov’s opus magnum, a revolutionary work in every sense of the word. It may help to change the practice of psychotherapy as we know it, and above it, how we give birth today; the shoulds and should nots. It explains in detail how early trauma and adversity can have lifelong consequences and result in serious afflictions from cancer to diabetes. It can have monumental implications for medical practice, as well, and points to how we can rear healthy children.

Sex and the Subconscious

Here Dr Janov explores how trauma and lack of love stand in the way of millions of people as they try and experience sexual pleasure in life. "It is my impression that once we take a symptom - a sex problem - as THE problem and attempt to treat it as apart from the rest of us, we have a prescription for failure. Sex is embedded into our bodies and our physiology; it has to seen in context not as some alien event to be done to. Even the most recalcitrant sex problems can be well treated once we learn their historical origins. They are not really mysteries Having treated so many sex problems I now want to share what I have learned with you."

Books by Dr. Janov

The Janov Solution(Aug 2007) indicates that is almost impossible to eradicate deep depression without plunging into the depths of the unconscious where the basis of it all lies. Dr. Janov has found a way to investigate the deep brain system that provides the underpinnings of depression. He has a system to eradicate the pernicious imprinted memories that cause us to be helpless and hopeless in adult life.

Primal Healing(Oct 2006) is Dr. Janov's magnum opus, the culmination of decades of clinical observation and research. Here he melds current research in biology and neurology with his clinical work to produce a definitive thesis regarding how any psychotherapy that uses words as the predominant mode of therapy cannot make profound change.

The Biology of love (Mar 2000) Drawing on years of experience with thousands of patients and a growing body of evidence in neurophysiology, human biology and psychology, Dr. Janov shows how love or the lack of it affects not only our sense of psychological well-being but our physical health and our personalities as well.

Why You Get Sick - How You Get Well (Aug 1996) The culmination of over a decade of research and writing, Why You Get Sick - How You Get Well reveals the hidden forces of the unconscious that conspire against the human system, making us sick emotionally and physically.