Overdose Prevention and Harm Reduction

Overdose Prevention and Harm Reduction:

Just like with any behavior that carries risk, the only way to completely prevent an overdose is by not consuming any opioids, but that is not always realistic. However, we can learn specific techniques to reduce the risk of overdose (see here). These techniques are overdose prevention strategies and fall under the broad heading of a harm reduction approach to drug use.

History of OEND programs/Harm reduction philosophy and effectiveness:

Harm Reduction Philosophy:

The goal of harm reduction is to use practical strategies intended to reduce negative consequences that result from drug use. Additionally, the harm reduction movement has pushed for social justice for the rights of individuals who use drugs.
*For more information about harm reduction, please visit here.

Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution (OEND) Effectiveness:

Below are descriptions and links to a small subset of the research conducted on the effectiveness and impact of OEND initiatives:

Those who received naloxone rescue kits as part of OEND had higher rates of calling 911, administering naloxone, and staying with the victim until help arrived than those who did not receive naloxone (Dwyer et al., 2015)

Community naloxone distribution reduces overdose at a population level, increases preparedness to respond effectively (Walley et al., 2013), but does not increase levels of drug use (e.g., Dwyer et al., 2015).

Not all people with a substance use disorder are ready for treatment or have access to treatment. The video below shows the importance of making realistic plans with people who use drugs for how to prevent overdoses:

The video below talks about some positive changes a person with substance use disorder can make to stay healthy and stay alive:

One specific harm reduction strategy is the distribution of naloxone (an overdose reversal medication) to aid in the prevention of fatal overdoses. For information on naloxone: