Quigley's career in regular tournament golf was unremarkable. He worked as a club professional for many years and had 18 tournament victories in local tournaments in New England. His best finish on the PGA Tour was sixth at the 1980 Greater Milwaukee Open.

In 1997, Quigley became eligible to play in senior golf tournaments, and he soon became a leading player at this level. His first win on the Senior PGA Tour (later called the Champions Tour) came at that year's Northville Long Island Classic. In 2005 at age 58, he led the Champions Tour money list and became the oldest player to win the Arnold Palmer Award for the leading money-winner on the circuit. He has won 11 tournaments on the tour.

Quigley was elected to the New England section of the PGA Hall of Fame in 2000. His nephew Brett Quigley plays on the PGA Tour.