Healthcare reform wins over doctors lobby

The American Medical Assn., once opposed to any government overhaul, now has more to gain, including a proposal worth billions of dollars to physicians.

WASHINGTON — The American Medical Assn., after 60 years of opposing any government overhaul of healthcare, is now lobbying and advertising to win public support for President Obama's sweeping plan -- a proposal that promises hundreds of billions of dollars for America's doctors.

Of all the interest groups that have won favorable terms in closed-door negotiations this year, the association representing the nation's physicians may have taken home the biggest prizes, including an agreement to stop planned cuts in Medicare payments that are worth $228 billion to doctors over 10 years.

In addition, the proposal that would require all individuals to obtain medical insurance includes premium subsidies to ensure that their doctor bills would be paid.

The AMA, which many still regard as the country's premier lobbying force, is providing money and grass-roots backing for these and other reforms.

Critics charge that, although doctors will be among those with the most to gain financially, the AMA -- unlike the pharmaceutical and insurance industries -- made relatively few concessions in return. The drug industry, for example, pledged $80 billion in cost reductions. Health insurers agreed to give up restrictions on preexisting conditions.

"To our knowledge, this deal is better than those negotiated so far by drug companies, hospitals or health insurers," said Dr. Henry Simmons, founder of the National Coalition on Health Care, which represents labor, business and medical provider interests. "The question is why."

Health industry analyst Robert Laszewski, a former insurance company executive who tracks health policy for industry clients in Washington, thinks that all of the major interests that once opposed reform, including insurance and drug companies, have received sweetheart deals in exchange for their support.

AMA officials acknowledge the huge turnaround in the organization's position, but they say it reflects changes in the healthcare system and the way doctors feel about it.

In the past, the AMA saw the government as endangering doctors' incomes and independence. Now, with the advent of Medicare and other federal programs, which the organization originally opposed, the government has become a vital source of revenue and stability for doctors.

"Doctors are really, really discouraged now about people not getting access to medical care," said Dr. Nancy Nielsen, immediate past president of the AMA, who has been meeting with top congressional officials this summer on behalf of the association.

That's why the doctors' position has changed so dramatically since the early 1990s, when they played a lead role in helping to kill President Clinton's healthcare plan, she said.

"Back then everybody's second position was the status quo," she said. "Now there is very broad agreement that the status quo is unacceptable. That's why we see people who opposed a variety of reforms in the past now advocating for them."

Critics take a less benign view of the AMA's transformation.

Laszewski, the health policy expert, said the AMA's support was really explained by the deals the organization cut with the White House and congressional Democrats.

"They were bought off," he said. "And the price tag was $228 billion."

Laszewski is referring to what many consider the most costly single concession to any interest group made so far in the bargaining over healthcare.

In 1997, concerned about the soaring cost of Medicare, Congress and Clinton approved a plan to reduce reimbursements to doctors whenever Medicare's costs outpaced the growth of the U.S. economy.

The idea was to prod the medical community into holding down healthcare costs by cutting back payments if the industry failed to do so.

For the most part, the cuts were never imposed because doctors and other medical service providers persuaded Congress to override them. But for each year that Congress blocked the cutbacks, the next scheduled cuts were larger.

In 2010, the cumulative cut would be a whopping 21%.

Eliminating the cuts has been a top priority for the AMA, which spent $30 million on lobbying since the beginning of 2008. Over the last decade, no other interest group or trade association has had a bigger lobbying budget except the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.

"The AMA got freed from planned reductions in reimbursements but offered little in return," said Simmons, whose coalition is seeking to make cost control a central part of reform.

Rep. Henry A. Waxman (D-Beverly Hills) disagrees. "That's not fair," he said, arguing that the reimbursement system was so seriously flawed that it threatened the stability of Medicare.

Besides, he said, the legislation passed by the House Energy and Commerce Committee, which he chairs, provides other cost savings by encouraging more cost-effective models of care, electronic medical record-keeping and other efficiencies.