Quote: “For instance, a teacher may note that Min-Ling wrote her address in English for the first time, or that Ahmed had difficulty comprehending the volcano story because he did not appear to know what a volcano was.” P. 191

Use charts or checklists. {In most cases, teachers will list on the chart certain categories that they are interested in observing.” P. 191. Some sample categories: “Use of oral English.” “Use of Written English.” Place the chart on clipboards.