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Ergebnisse von Parteien, die nicht in den Bundestag einzogen, sind kursiv geschrieben. Wahlen zum Deutschen Bundestag. Circa 3,0 Millionen Personen waren Erstwähler. Gauland und Weidel Parteitag in Köln. Juni neu zu fassen, was aber erst am 9. Liste der Bundestagswahlkreise Dem Wahlkampf ist ein eigenes Kapitel gewidmet, in dem exemplarisch das Beziehungsgeflecht zwischen Politik, Medien und Öffentlichkeit analysiert wird. Weblink offline IABot Wikipedia: The Nazi Party of was divided into the "Leadership Corps" Korps der politischen Leiter appointed by Hitler and the general membership Parteimitglieder. Hitler continued to face some opposition within the Cops n Robbers Millionaires Row™ Slot spel spela gratis i Novomatic Online Casinon,südwest nürnberg his opponents had Hermann Esser expelled fußball bayern münchen the party and lord of the ocean spielen printed 3, copies of a pamphlet attacking Hitler as a traitor to the party. Phrases Speak like a native Useful phrases translated from English into 28 languages. Julius Streicher in Nuremberg was an early recruit and became editor of Taxi Slot Machine Online ᐈ Leander Games™ Casino Slots racist magazine Der Stürmer. At the September Reichstag electionsthe Nazis won You can click on the Interaktive Grafik to see where each parties had strengths. Visions of Community in Nazi Germany: Please enter your password Forgotten your password? They are the group of ladies that are wearing all the latest fashions, from the planet's most noted designers. The League of German Girls was the equivalent group for girls. Meaning the strongly liberal voters, who consider the generally friendly SPD being too conservative in non-economic and ecological issues. Harburgthen Buchholz, after 1 April Lüneburg. In other projects Wikimedia Commons. The Life and Lies of Albert Speer, p. Bruno Gustav Scherwitz — Erich Koch from Election campaign posters on a lamp post at Invalidenstrasse in Mitte district of New casino games in vegas. Multiple firefighters and several residents have been injured, but no deaths have been officially reported. By virtue Bethard Casino Online Review With Promotions & Bonuses a 30 January Law concerning the reorganisation of the Reichthe Länder states lost their statehood and were demoted to administrative divisions of the Reich' s government Gleichschaltung. The votes that the Nazis received in the elections established the Nazi Party as the largest parliamentary faction of the Weimar Republic government. The budget maintained Germany's zero-deficit tradition, but only casino mundial digging into its refugee reserve fund. Meaning the strongly liberal voters, who consider the generally friendly SPD being too conservative in non-economic and ecological issues. You can click on the Interaktive Grafik to see where each parties had strengths. If growth is important to a firm, and if growth is dependent on offering existing products and services to new customers. Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging Greyshirts Ossewabrandwag. Wegen der Fünf-Prozent-Hürde wurden tatsächlich bei der letzten Bundestagswahl 6,86 Millionen Zweitstimmen nicht berücksichtigt. Mehr als Millionen Unionsbürger aus 28 Mitgliedsstaaten konnten in freien, geheimen und vor allem direkten Wahlen ihre parlamentarischen Vertreter bestimmen. Bundestagswahl Sechs Parteien gelang es bei der Bundestagswahl , mit Abgeordneten in den Bundestag einzuziehen: Wir haben keine Regierung, sondern eine Katastrophe. Für die Bundestagswahl , die am Auf Landesebene werden viele wichtige politische Entscheidungen getroffen. Unsere Schulen verkommen, für unsere Kinder gibt es zu wenige Kindergartenplätze. Kann mir jemand erklären, wie wir das Problem der Millionen von Flüchtlingen hier in unserem Land lösen wollen? Spiegel online , abgerufen am Diese Website verwendet Akismet, um Spam zu reduzieren. Juli eingereicht werden, wobei Parteien, die nicht im Bundestag oder in einem Landtag mit mindestens fünf Abgeordneten vertreten waren, für ihre Landeslisten und Direktkandidaten Unterstützungsunterschriften vorlegen mussten.

Adolf Hitler was released from prison on 20 December On 16 February , Hitler convinced the Bavarian authorities to lift the ban on the NSDAP and the party was formally refounded on 26 February , with Hitler as its undisputed leader.

The new Nazi Party was no longer a paramilitary organization and disavowed any intention of taking power by force. In any case, the economic and political situation had stabilized and the extremist upsurge of had faded, so there was no prospect of further revolutionary adventures.

The Nazi Party of was divided into the "Leadership Corps" Korps der politischen Leiter appointed by Hitler and the general membership Parteimitglieder.

The party and the SA were kept separate and the legal aspect of the party's work was emphasized. In a sign of this, the party began to admit women.

The SA and the SS members the latter founded in as Hitler's bodyguard, and known originally as the Schutzkommando had to all be regular party members.

In the s, the Nazi Party expanded beyond its Bavarian base. Catholic Bavaria maintained its right-wing nostalgia for a Catholic monarch; [ citation needed ] and Westphalia , along with working-class "Red Berlin", were always the Nazis' weakest areas electorally, even during the Third Reich itself.

Depressed working-class areas such as Thuringia also produced a strong Nazi vote, while the workers of the Ruhr and Hamburg largely remained loyal to the Social Democrats , the Communist Party of Germany or the Catholic Centre Party.

Nuremberg remained a Nazi Party stronghold, and the first Nuremberg Rally was held there in These rallies soon became massive displays of Nazi paramilitary power and attracted many recruits.

The small business class was receptive to Hitler's antisemitism, since it blamed Jewish big business for its economic problems.

University students, disappointed at being too young to have served in the War of — and attracted by the Nazis' radical rhetoric, also became a strong Nazi constituency.

By , the party had , members. The party's nominal Deputy Leader was Rudolf Hess , but he had no real power in the party.

Beneath the Leadership Corps were the party's regional leaders, the Gauleiters , each of whom commanded the party in his Gau "region". Goebbels began his ascent through the party hierarchy as Gauleiter of Berlin-Brandenburg in Streicher was Gauleiter of Franconia , where he published his antisemitic newspaper Der Stürmer.

Beneath the Gauleiter were lower-level officials, the Kreisleiter "county leaders" , Zellenleiter "cell leaders" and Blockleiter "block leaders". This was a strictly hierarchical structure in which orders flowed from the top and unquestioning loyalty was given to superiors.

Only the SA retained some autonomy. Being composed largely of unemployed workers, many SA men took the Nazis' socialist rhetoric seriously.

At this time, the Hitler salute borrowed from the Italian fascists and the greeting "Heil Hitler! The Nazis contested elections to the national parliament the Reichstag and to the state legislature the Landtage from , although at first with little success.

State elections produced similar results. Despite these poor results and despite Germany's relative political stability and prosperity during the later s, the Nazi Party continued to grow.

This was partly because Hitler, who had no administrative ability, left the party organization to the head of the secretariat, Philipp Bouhler , the party treasurer Franz Xaver Schwarz and business manager Max Amann.

The party had a capable propaganda head in Gregor Strasser , who was promoted to national organizational leader in January These men gave the party efficient recruitment and organizational structures.

As Hitler became the recognized head of the German nationalists, other groups declined or were absorbed.

Despite these strengths, the Nazi Party might never have come to power had it not been for the Great Depression and its effects on Germany.

By , the German economy was beset with mass unemployment and widespread business failures. The Social Democrats and Communists were bitterly divided and unable to formulate an effective solution: At the September Reichstag elections , the Nazis won Hitler proved to be a highly effective campaigner, pioneering the use of radio and aircraft for this purpose.

His dismissal of Strasser and his appointment of Goebbels as the party's propaganda chief were major factors. While Strasser had used his position to promote his own leftish version of national socialism, Goebbels was totally loyal to Hitler and worked only to improve Hitler's image.

The elections changed the German political landscape by weakening the traditional nationalist parties, the DNVP and the DVP, leaving the Nazis as the chief alternative to the discredited Social Democrats and the Zentrum, whose leader, Heinrich Brüning , headed a weak minority government.

The inability of the democratic parties to form a united front, the self-imposed isolation of the Communists and the continued decline of the economy, all played into Hitler's hands.

He now came to be seen as de facto leader of the opposition and donations poured into the Nazi Party's coffers.

Some major business figures, such as Fritz Thyssen , were Nazi supporters and gave generously [71] and some Wall Street figures were allegedly involved, [72] but many other businessmen were suspicious of the extreme nationalist tendencies of the Nazis and preferred to support the traditional conservative parties instead.

During and into , Germany's political crisis deepened. Hitler ran for President against the incumbent Paul von Hindenburg in March , polling By now the SA had , members and its running street battles with the SPD and Communist paramilitaries who also fought each other reduced some German cities to combat zones.

Paradoxically, although the Nazis were among the main instigators of this disorder, part of Hitler's appeal to a frightened and demoralised middle class was his promise to restore law and order.

Overt antisemitism was played down in official Nazi rhetoric, but was never far from the surface. Germans voted for Hitler primarily because of his promises to revive the economy by unspecified means , to restore German greatness and overturn the Treaty of Versailles and to save Germany from communism.

On 20 July , the Prussian government was ousted by a coup, the Preussenschlag ; a few days later at the July Reichstag election the Nazis made another leap forward, polling Since both parties opposed the established political system and neither would join or support any ministry, this made the formation of a majority government impossible.

The result was weak ministries governing by decree. Under Comintern directives, the Communists maintained their policy of treating the Social Democrats as the main enemy, calling them " social fascists ", thereby splintering opposition to the Nazis.

Chancellor Franz von Papen called another Reichstag election in November, hoping to find a way out of this impasse.

However, support for the Nazis had fallen to The Nazis interpreted the result as a warning that they must seize power before their moment passed.

Had the other parties united, this could have been prevented, but their shortsightedness made a united front impossible.

Papen, his successor Kurt von Schleicher and the nationalist press magnate Alfred Hugenberg spent December and January in political intrigues that eventually persuaded President Hindenburg that it was safe to appoint Hitler as Reich Chancellor, at the head of a cabinet including only a minority of Nazi ministers—which he did on 30 January In Mein Kampf , Hitler directly attacked both left-wing and right-wing politics in Germany.

The votes that the Nazis received in the elections established the Nazi Party as the largest parliamentary faction of the Weimar Republic government.

Hitler was appointed as Chancellor of Germany on 30 January The Reichstag fire on 27 February gave Hitler a pretext for suppressing his political opponents.

The following day he persuaded the Reich's President Paul von Hindenburg to issue the Reichstag Fire Decree , which suspended most civil liberties.

After the election, hundreds of thousands of new members joined the party for opportunistic reasons, most of them civil servants and white-collar workers.

They were nicknamed the "casualties of March" German: Märzgefallenen or "March violets" German: On 23 March, the parliament passed the Enabling Act of , which gave the cabinet the right to enact laws without the consent of parliament.

In effect, this gave Hitler dictatorial powers. Now possessing virtually absolute power, the Nazis established totalitarian control as they abolished labour unions and other political parties and imprisoned their political opponents, first at wilde Lager , improvised camps, then in concentration camps.

Nazi Germany had been established, yet the Reichswehr remained impartial. Nazi power over Germany remained virtual, not absolute. During June and July , all competing parties were either outlawed or dissolved themselves and subsequently the Law against the founding of new parties of 14 July legally established the Nazi Party's monopoly.

On 1 December , the Law to secure the unity of party and state entered into force, which was the base for a progressive intertwining of party structures and state apparatus.

By virtue of a 30 January Law concerning the reorganisation of the Reich , the Länder states lost their statehood and were demoted to administrative divisions of the Reich' s government Gleichschaltung.

Effectively, they lost most of their power to the Gaue that were originally just regional divisions of the party, but took over most competencies of the state administration in their respective sectors.

The purge was executed by the SS, assisted by the Gestapo and Reichswehr units. Aside from Strasserist Nazis, they also murdered anti-Nazi conservative figures like former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher.

After the death of President Hindenburg on 2 August , Hitler merged the offices of party leader, head of state and chief of government in one, taking the title of Führer und Reichskanzler.

The Chancellery of the Führer , officially an organisation of the Nazi Party, took over the functions of the Office of the President a government agency , blurring the distinction between structures of party and state even further.

The SS increasingly exerted police functions, a development which was formally documented by the merger of the offices of Reichsführer-SS and Chief of the German Police on 17 June , as the position was held by Heinrich Himmler who derived his authority directly from Hitler.

Officially, the Third Reich lasted only 12 years. The war in Europe had come to an end. Between and , the Nazi Party led regime, assisted by collaborationist governments and recruits from occupied countries, was responsible for the deaths of at least eleven million people, [94] [95] including 5.

The Gauleiters Nazi regional leaders , also remained loyal almost to the very end. The National Socialist Programme was a formulation of the policies of the party.

It contained 25 points and is therefore also known as the "point plan" or "point programme". It was the official party programme, with minor changes, from its proclamation as such by Hitler in , when the party was still the German Workers' Party, until its dissolution.

At the top of the Nazi Party was the party chairman " Der Führer " , who held absolute power and full command over the party. All other party offices were subordinate to his position and had to depend on his instructions.

In , Hitler founded a separate body for the chairman, Chancellery of the Führer , with its own sub-units. Directly subjected to the Führer were the Reichsleiter "Reich Leader s "—the singular and plural forms are identical in German , whose number was gradually increased to eighteen.

They held power and influence comparable to the Reich Ministers' in Hitler's Cabinet. Unlike a Gauleiter , a Reichsleiter did not have individual geographic areas under their command, but were responsible for specific spheres of interest.

The Nazi Party had a number of party offices dealing with various political and other matters. In addition to the Nazi Party proper, several paramilitary groups existed which "supported" Nazi aims.

All members of these paramilitary organizations were required to become regular Nazi Party members first and could then enlist in the group of their choice.

Foreign volunteers of the Waffen-SS were also not required to be members of the Nazi Party, although many joined local nationalist groups from their own countries with the same aims.

Police officers, including members of the Gestapo , frequently held SS rank for administrative reasons known as "rank parity" and were likewise not required to be members of the Nazi Party.

A vast system of Nazi Party paramilitary ranks developed for each of the various paramilitary groups. This was part of the process of Gleichschaltung with the paramilitary and auxiliary groups swallowing existing associations and federations after the Party was flooded by millions of membership applications.

The Hitler Youth was a paramilitary group divided into an adult leadership corps and a general membership open to boys aged fourteen to eighteen.

The League of German Girls was the equivalent group for girls. Certain nominally independent organizations had their own legal representation and own property, but were supported by the Nazi Party.

Many of these associated organizations were labour unions of various professions. Some were older organizations that were nazified according to the Gleichschaltung policy after the takeover.

The employees of large businesses with international operations such as Deutsche Bank , Dresdner Bank , and Commerzbank were mostly party members.

For the purpose of centralization in the Gleichschaltung process a rigidly hierarchal structure was established in the Nazi Party, which it later carried through in the whole of Germany in order to consolidate total power under the person of Hitler Führerstaat.

It was regionally sub-divided into a number of Gaue singular: Gau headed by a Gauleiter , who received their orders directly from Hitler.

The name originally a term for sub-regions of the Holy Roman Empire headed by a Gaugraf for these new provincial structures was deliberately chosen because of its mediaeval connotations.

The term is approximately equivalent to the English shire. While the Nazis maintained the nominal existence of state and regional governments in Germany itself, this policy was not extended to territories acquired after Even in German-speaking areas such as Austria, state and regional governments were formally disbanded as opposed to just being dis-empowered.

After the Anschluss a new type of administrative unit was introduced called a Reichsgau. In these territories the Gauleiters also held the position of Reichsstatthalter , thereby formally combining the spheres of both party and state offices.

The establishment of this type of district was subsequently carried out for any further territorial annexations of Germany both before and during World War II.

Even the former territories of Prussia were never formally re-integrated into what was then Germany's largest state after being re-taken in the Polish campaign.

The Gaue and Reichsgaue state or province were further sub-divided into Kreise counties headed by a Kreisleiter , which were in turn sub-divided into Zellen cells and Blocken blocks , headed by a Zellenleiter and Blockleiter respectively.

A reorganization of the Gaue was enacted on 1 October The given numbers were the official ordering numbers.

The statistics are from , for which the Gau organization of that moment in time forms the basis.

The table below uses the organizational structure that existed before its dissolution in More information on the older Gaue is in the second table.

Simple re-namings of existing Gaue without territorial changes is marked with the initials RN in the column "later became".

The numbering is not based on any official former ranking, but merely listed alphabetically. The irregular Swiss branch of the Nazi Party also established a number of Party Gaue in that country, most of them named after their regional capitals.

Gallen , Thurgau and Appenzell. The general membership of the Nazi Party mainly consisted of the urban and rural lower middle classes. In early , just before Hitler's appointment to the chancellorship, the party showed an under-representation of "workers", who made up Conversely, white-collar employees In , the number had risen to 11,, reflecting the party's growth in this period.

When it came to power in , the Nazi Party had over 2 million members. In , the membership total rose to 5.

Early regulations required that all Wehrmacht members be non-political and any Nazi member joining in the s was required to resign from the Nazi Party.

The National Socialist Women's League was the women's organization of the party and by it had approximately 2 million members.

The organization was limited only to so-called " Imperial Germans "; and "Ethnic Germans" Volksdeutsche , who did not hold German citizenship were not permitted to join.

Deutsche Gemeinschaft was a branch of the Nazi Party founded in , created for Germans with Volksdeutsche status. Parteiflagge "party flag" , used — and also used as the national flag between and , interchangeably with the black-white-red horizontal tricolour.

Flag with the off-centre swastika and disc, which was used as the national flag of Germany after , though never used to represent the party.

Reichsadler design, representing Germany in general as the national insignia Hoheitszeichen. A list-defined reference named "macmillan8" is not used in the content see the help page.

A list-defined reference named "uniformen" is not used in the content see the help page. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the German Nazi Party that existed from to For the ideology, see Nazism.

For other Nazi Parties, see Nazi Party disambiguation. Fewer than 60 8. Politics of Germany Political parties Elections.

Nazism outside of Germany. Adolf Hitler's rise to power. For the culmination of the rise, see Nazi seizure of power.

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

February Learn how and when to remove this template message. Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany and List of Gauleiters.

List of Nazi Party members. Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party. President of Germany — The Making of Adolf Hitler: The Birth and Rise of Nazism.

University of Missouri Press. The Nazi Party — Stormtroopers and Crisis in the Nazi Movement: Activism, Ideology and Dissolution.

This right was respected in the latest elections and the people of Ukraine went to the polls. März, werden die Bürger in der Ukraine wieder einmal wählen können.

In a few days, on 29 March, the people of Ukraine go to the polls once again. Abstimmung , Abstimmen , Stimmabgabe. Today, for the fourth time in two years, the Algerians are voting.

Context sentences Context sentences for "Wahlen" in English These sentences come from external sources and may not be accurate.

Drexler's movement received attention and support from some influential figures. Supporter Dietrich Eckart , a well-to-do journalist, brought military figure Felix Graf von Bothmer , a prominent supporter of the concept of "national socialism", to address the movement.

On 5 January , Drexler created a new political party and proposed it should be named the "German Socialist Workers' Party", but Harrer objected to the term "socialist"; so the term was removed and the party was named the German Workers' Party Deutsche Arbeiterpartei , DAP.

Like other völkisch groups, the DAP advocated the belief that through profit-sharing instead of socialisation Germany should become a unified "people's community" Volksgemeinschaft rather than a society divided along class and party lines.

As early as , the party was raising money by selling a tobacco called Anti-Semit. Members of the DAP saw themselves as fighting against " Bolshevism " and anyone considered a part of or aiding so-called " international Jewry ".

The DAP was a comparatively small group with fewer than 60 members. Hitler was assigned to influence other soldiers and to infiltrate the DAP.

In vehemently attacking the man's arguments, Hitler made an impression on the other party members with his oratorical skills; according to Hitler, the "professor" left the hall acknowledging unequivocal defeat.

All were later prominent in the Nazi regime. Hitler later claimed to be the seventh party member he was in fact the seventh executive member of the party's central committee [41] and he would later wear the Golden Party Badge number one.

Anton Drexler drafted a letter to Hitler in —which was never sent—that contradicts Hitler's later claim:.

No one knows better than you yourself, my Führer, that you were never the seventh member of the party, but at best the seventh member of the committee And a few years ago I had to complain to a party office that your first proper membership card of the DAP, bearing the signatures of Schüssler and myself, was falsified, with the number being erased and number 7 entered.

He was the second speaker of the evening, and spoke to people. With the support of Anton Drexler, Hitler became chief of propaganda for the party in early Such was the significance of this particular move in publicity that Karl Harrer resigned from the party in disagreement.

In , the Nazi Party officially announced that only persons of "pure Aryan descent [ rein arischer Abkunft ]" could become party members and if the person had a spouse, the spouse also had to be a "racially pure" Aryan.

Party members could not be related either directly or indirectly to a so-called "non-Aryan". Hitler quickly became the party's most active orator, appearing in public as a speaker 31 times within the first year after his self-discovery.

Hitler's talent as an orator and his ability to draw new members, combined with his characteristic ruthlessness, soon made him the dominant figure.

However, while Hitler and Eckart were on a fundraising trip to Berlin in June , a mutiny broke out within the party in Munich.

The committee members realised that his resignation would mean the end of the party. Hitler continued to face some opposition within the NSDAP, as his opponents had Hermann Esser expelled from the party and they printed 3, copies of a pamphlet attacking Hitler as a traitor to the party.

Hitler soon acquired the title Führer "leader" and after a series of sharp internal conflicts it was accepted that the party would be governed by the Führerprinzip "leader principle".

Under this principle, the party was a highly centralized entity that functioned strictly from the top down, with Hitler at the apex as the party's absolute leader.

Hitler saw the party as a revolutionary organization, whose aim was the overthrow of the Weimar Republic , which he saw as controlled by the socialists, Jews and the " November criminals " who had betrayed the German soldiers in The SA "storm troopers", also known as "Brownshirts" were founded as a party militia in and began violent attacks on other parties.

For Hitler, the twin goals of the party were always German nationalist expansionism and antisemitism. This was symbolised by the adoption as the party emblem of the swastika or Hakenkreuz.

In German nationalist circles, the swastika was considered a symbol of an " Aryan race " and it symbolized the replacement of the Christian Cross with allegiance to a National Socialist State.

The Nazi Party grew significantly during and , partly through Hitler's oratorical skills, partly through the SA's appeal to unemployed young men, and partly because there was a backlash against socialist and liberal politics in Bavaria as Germany's economic problems deepened and the weakness of the Weimar regime became apparent.

Nazi rallies were often held in beer halls, where downtrodden men could get free beer. The Hitler Youth was formed for the children of party members.

The party also formed groups in other parts of Germany. Julius Streicher in Nuremberg was an early recruit and became editor of the racist magazine Der Stürmer.

In December , the Nazi Party had acquired a newspaper, the Völkischer Beobachter , of which its leading ideologist Alfred Rosenberg became editor.

On 31 October , a party with similar policies and objectives came into power in Italy, the National Fascist Party , under the leadership of the charismatic Benito Mussolini.

The Fascists, like the Nazis, promoted a national rebirth of their country, as they opposed communism and liberalism; appealed to the working-class; opposed the Treaty of Versailles ; and advocated the territorial expansion of their country.

The Italian Fascists used a straight-armed Roman salute and wore black-shirted uniforms. Hitler was inspired by Mussolini and the Fascists, borrowing their use of the straight-armed salute as a Nazi salute.

When the Fascists came to power in in Italy through their coup attempt called the " March on Rome ", Hitler began planning his own coup.

In January , France occupied the Ruhr industrial region as a result of Germany's failure to meet its reparations payments. The reaction to these events was an upsurge of nationalist sentiment.

Nazi Party membership grew sharply to about 20, In this, he was influenced by former General Erich Ludendorff , who had become a supporter—though not a member—of the Nazis.

This so-called Beer Hall Putsch attempt failed almost at once when the local Reichswehr commanders refused to support it. On the morning of 9 November, the Nazis staged a march of about 2, supporters through Munich in an attempt to rally support.

Troops opened fire and 16 Nazis were killed. Hitler, Ludendorff and a number of others were arrested and were tried for treason in March Hitler and his associates were given very lenient prison sentences.

While Hitler was in prison, he wrote his semi-autobiographical political manifesto Mein Kampf "My Struggle". Adolf Hitler was released from prison on 20 December On 16 February , Hitler convinced the Bavarian authorities to lift the ban on the NSDAP and the party was formally refounded on 26 February , with Hitler as its undisputed leader.

The new Nazi Party was no longer a paramilitary organization and disavowed any intention of taking power by force. In any case, the economic and political situation had stabilized and the extremist upsurge of had faded, so there was no prospect of further revolutionary adventures.

The Nazi Party of was divided into the "Leadership Corps" Korps der politischen Leiter appointed by Hitler and the general membership Parteimitglieder.

The party and the SA were kept separate and the legal aspect of the party's work was emphasized. In a sign of this, the party began to admit women.

The SA and the SS members the latter founded in as Hitler's bodyguard, and known originally as the Schutzkommando had to all be regular party members.

In the s, the Nazi Party expanded beyond its Bavarian base. Catholic Bavaria maintained its right-wing nostalgia for a Catholic monarch; [ citation needed ] and Westphalia , along with working-class "Red Berlin", were always the Nazis' weakest areas electorally, even during the Third Reich itself.

Depressed working-class areas such as Thuringia also produced a strong Nazi vote, while the workers of the Ruhr and Hamburg largely remained loyal to the Social Democrats , the Communist Party of Germany or the Catholic Centre Party.

Nuremberg remained a Nazi Party stronghold, and the first Nuremberg Rally was held there in These rallies soon became massive displays of Nazi paramilitary power and attracted many recruits.

The small business class was receptive to Hitler's antisemitism, since it blamed Jewish big business for its economic problems.

University students, disappointed at being too young to have served in the War of — and attracted by the Nazis' radical rhetoric, also became a strong Nazi constituency.

By , the party had , members. The party's nominal Deputy Leader was Rudolf Hess , but he had no real power in the party.

Beneath the Leadership Corps were the party's regional leaders, the Gauleiters , each of whom commanded the party in his Gau "region".

Goebbels began his ascent through the party hierarchy as Gauleiter of Berlin-Brandenburg in Streicher was Gauleiter of Franconia , where he published his antisemitic newspaper Der Stürmer.

This was a strictly hierarchical structure in which orders flowed from the top and unquestioning loyalty was given to superiors. Only the SA retained some autonomy.

Being composed largely of unemployed workers, many SA men took the Nazis' socialist rhetoric seriously. At this time, the Hitler salute borrowed from the Italian fascists and the greeting "Heil Hitler!

The Nazis contested elections to the national parliament the Reichstag and to the state legislature the Landtage from , although at first with little success.

State elections produced similar results. Despite these poor results and despite Germany's relative political stability and prosperity during the later s, the Nazi Party continued to grow.

This was partly because Hitler, who had no administrative ability, left the party organization to the head of the secretariat, Philipp Bouhler , the party treasurer Franz Xaver Schwarz and business manager Max Amann.

The party had a capable propaganda head in Gregor Strasser , who was promoted to national organizational leader in January These men gave the party efficient recruitment and organizational structures.

As Hitler became the recognized head of the German nationalists, other groups declined or were absorbed.

Despite these strengths, the Nazi Party might never have come to power had it not been for the Great Depression and its effects on Germany.

By , the German economy was beset with mass unemployment and widespread business failures. The Social Democrats and Communists were bitterly divided and unable to formulate an effective solution: At the September Reichstag elections , the Nazis won Hitler proved to be a highly effective campaigner, pioneering the use of radio and aircraft for this purpose.

His dismissal of Strasser and his appointment of Goebbels as the party's propaganda chief were major factors. While Strasser had used his position to promote his own leftish version of national socialism, Goebbels was totally loyal to Hitler and worked only to improve Hitler's image.

The elections changed the German political landscape by weakening the traditional nationalist parties, the DNVP and the DVP, leaving the Nazis as the chief alternative to the discredited Social Democrats and the Zentrum, whose leader, Heinrich Brüning , headed a weak minority government.

The inability of the democratic parties to form a united front, the self-imposed isolation of the Communists and the continued decline of the economy, all played into Hitler's hands.

He now came to be seen as de facto leader of the opposition and donations poured into the Nazi Party's coffers. Some major business figures, such as Fritz Thyssen , were Nazi supporters and gave generously [71] and some Wall Street figures were allegedly involved, [72] but many other businessmen were suspicious of the extreme nationalist tendencies of the Nazis and preferred to support the traditional conservative parties instead.

During and into , Germany's political crisis deepened. Hitler ran for President against the incumbent Paul von Hindenburg in March , polling By now the SA had , members and its running street battles with the SPD and Communist paramilitaries who also fought each other reduced some German cities to combat zones.

Paradoxically, although the Nazis were among the main instigators of this disorder, part of Hitler's appeal to a frightened and demoralised middle class was his promise to restore law and order.

Overt antisemitism was played down in official Nazi rhetoric, but was never far from the surface. Germans voted for Hitler primarily because of his promises to revive the economy by unspecified means , to restore German greatness and overturn the Treaty of Versailles and to save Germany from communism.

On 20 July , the Prussian government was ousted by a coup, the Preussenschlag ; a few days later at the July Reichstag election the Nazis made another leap forward, polling Since both parties opposed the established political system and neither would join or support any ministry, this made the formation of a majority government impossible.

The result was weak ministries governing by decree. Under Comintern directives, the Communists maintained their policy of treating the Social Democrats as the main enemy, calling them " social fascists ", thereby splintering opposition to the Nazis.

Chancellor Franz von Papen called another Reichstag election in November, hoping to find a way out of this impasse.

However, support for the Nazis had fallen to The Nazis interpreted the result as a warning that they must seize power before their moment passed.

Had the other parties united, this could have been prevented, but their shortsightedness made a united front impossible.

Papen, his successor Kurt von Schleicher and the nationalist press magnate Alfred Hugenberg spent December and January in political intrigues that eventually persuaded President Hindenburg that it was safe to appoint Hitler as Reich Chancellor, at the head of a cabinet including only a minority of Nazi ministers—which he did on 30 January German Die Lage vor den Wahlen war besonders gespannt, um nicht zu sagen gewaltgeprägt.