The bill, opposed by civil rights groups, some leftists and
some members of President Francois Hollande's ruling Socialists,
waives the need for judicial warrants to deploy phone taps,
hidden microphones, cameras and other devices such as keypad
communications readers.

Despite vocal opposition from critics who fear it will lead
to mass-scale surveillance, the bill was approved by the lower
house of parliament by a wide margin, with 438 votes in favour
and 86 against.

Under the new law, instead of requiring a judge's approval,
security officials can order surveillance after advice by a
newly created supervisory body specifically dedicated to this.

In exceptional cases, surveillance agencies will be able to
use so-called "IMSI Catcher" spy devices that record all types
of phone, internet or text messaging conversation in an area.

Prime Minister Manuel Valls has defended the law as vital to
counter-terrorism activities and denied it was a French variant
of the U.S. Patriot Act passed in the wake of the Sept. 11, 2001
attacks on the United States.

Nor was it similar, he said, to the widespread intelligence
gathering exposed by former U.S. National Security Agency
contractor Edward Snowden, sparking an international outcry.

"This bill, which provides a framework to the work of
intelligence services, gives them more powers to be more
efficient in the fight against terrorism and serious crime," he
told reporters.

One of the leading worries for critics is a clause requiring
web providers to automatically track suspicious behaviour,
relying on metadata rather than the content of communications.

Government agencies could then demand access to personal web
information in cases of particular suspicion.

"Some of us are really worried about a piece of legislation
that is unbalanced, gives too much power to the executive branch
... and has the potential to organise a mass espionage of the
entire population through modern means," conservative UMP
lawmaker Pierre Lellouche told reporters.

Most Socialist and opposition conservative lawmakers voted
in favour of the text, while the Greens party voted against and
center-right UDI lawmakers were split.

The upper house of parliament will vote on the bill in June.
(Additional reporting by Emily Picy, Lucien Libert and Ingrid
Melander; Editing by Tom Heneghan)