Academic Commons Search Resultshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog.rss?f%5Bdepartment_facet%5D%5B%5D=Engineering+and+Applied+Science&q=&rows=500&sort=record_creation_date+desc
Academic Commons Search Resultsen-usVideo in online learning: Connecting analytics to pedagogyhttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:179563
Rubin, Nancy R.; Hibbert, Melanie C.http://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8JD4VG8Thu, 13 Nov 2014 00:00:00 +0000In this conference presentation at Kaltura Connect, speakers from Columbia University School of Continuing Education discuss how analytics from their video hosting server have influenced the pedagogy and design of their online course media.Instructional design, Education, Educational technologynr2464, mch2145School of Continuing Education, Online Learning, Engineering and Applied SciencePresentationsAnnular Mode Time Scales in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report Modelshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:166896
Gerber, Edwin P.; Polvani, Lorenzo M.; Ancukiewicz, Damianhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:22103Fri, 01 Nov 2013 00:00:00 +0000The ability of climate models in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report to capture the temporal structure of the annular modes is evaluated. The vertical structure and annual cycle of the variability is quantified by the e-folding time scale of the annular mode autocorrelation function. Models vaguely capture the qualitative features of the Northern and Southern Annular Modes: Northern Hemisphere time scales are shorter than those of the Southern Hemisphere and peak in boreal winter, while Southern Hemisphere time scales peak in austral spring and summer. Models, however, systematically overestimate the time scales, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere summer, where the multimodel ensemble average is twice that of reanalyses. Fluctuation-dissipation theory suggests that long time scales in models could be associated with increased sensitivity to anthropogenic forcing. Comparison of model pairs with similar forcings but different annular mode time scales provides a hint of a fluctuation-dissipation relationship.Atmospheric sciences, Applied mathematics, Climate changeepg2108, lmp3, da2260Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Engineering and Applied Science, Earth and Environmental SciencesArticlesLanguage generation: Applications, issues, and approacheshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:158917
McKeown, Kathleenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:19692Mon, 08 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0000As computer systems become more sophisticated they must be able to communicate their results successfully to their users. Natural language generation is the area of research concerned with developing methods that will allow a computer system to respond to its user in human language. In this paper, the need for natural language generation is first motivated by showing how it is used in several applications. Given that language generation is necessary for such systems, the paper also focuses on the issues that must be taken into account in developing a system that can generate language. Finally, techniques that have been used in two question-answering systems, the TEXT system [21] and TAILOR [22], are discussed.Computer sciencekrm8Computer Science, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesGeneration and Evaluation of Intraoperative Inferences for Automated Health Care Briefings on Patient Status After Bypass Surgeryhttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:158891
McKeown, Kathleen; Jordan, Desmond ; Concepcion, Kristian ; Feiner, Steven ; Hatzivassiloglou, Vasileios http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:19684Mon, 08 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0000The authors present a system that scans electronic records from cardiac surgery and uses inference rules to identify and classify abnormal events (e.g., hypertension) that may occur during critical surgical points (e.g., start of bypass). This vital information is used as the content of automatically generated briefings designed by MAGIC, a multimedia system that they are developing to brief intensive care unit clinicians on patient status after cardiac surgery. By recognizing patterns in the patient record, inferences concisely summarize detailed patient data.Computer science, Biomedical informaticskrm8, daj3, skf1Biomedical Informatics, Computer Science, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesSentence Fusion for Multidocument News Summarizationhttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:158885
McKeown, Kathleen; Barzilay, Reginahttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:19682Mon, 08 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0000A system that can produce informative summaries, highlighting common information found in many online documents, will help Web users to pinpoint information that they need without extensive reading. In this article, we introduce sentence fusion, a novel text-to-text generation technique for synthesizing common information across documents. Sentence fusion involves bottom-up local multisequence alignment to identify phrases conveying similar information and statistical generation to combine common phrases into a sentence. Sentence fusion moves the summarization field from the use of purely extractive methods to the generation of abstracts that contain sentences not found in any of the input documents and can synthesize information across sources.Computer sciencekrm8Computer Science, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesProsody Modelling in Concept-to-Speech Generation: Methodological Issueshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:158898
McKeown, Kathleen; Pan, Shimei http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:19686Mon, 08 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0000We explore three issues for the development of concept-to-speech (CTS) systems. We identify information available in a language-generation system that has the potential to impact prosody; investigate the role played by different corpora in CTS prosody modelling; and explore different methodologies for learning how linguistic features impact prosody. Our major focus is on the comparison of two machine learning methodologies: generalized rule induction and memory-based learning. We describe this work in the context of multimedia abstract generation of intensive care (MAGIC) data, a system that produces multimedia brings of the status of patients who have just undergone a bypass operation.Computer sciencekrm8Computer Science, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesLearning Methods to Combine Linguistic Indicators: Improving Aspectual Classification and Revealing Linguistic Insightshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:158894
McKeown, Kathleen; Siegel, Eric V.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:19685Mon, 08 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0000Aspectual classification maps verbs to a small set of primitive categories in order to reason about time. This classification is necessary for interpreting temporal modifiers and assessing temporal relationships, and is therefore a required component for many natural language applications.A verb's aspectual category can be predicted by co-occurrence frequencies between the verb and certain linguistic modifiers. These frequency measures, called linguistic indicators, are chosen by linguistic insights. However, linguistic indicators used in isolation are predictively incomplete, and are therefore insufficient when used individually.In this article, we compare three supervised machine learning methods for combining multiple linguistic indicators for aspectual classification: decision trees, genetic programming, and logistic regression. A set of 14 indicators are combined for classification according to two aspectual distinctions. This approach improves the classification performance for both distinctions, as evaluated over unrestricted sets of verbs occurring across two corpora. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the linguistic indicators and provides a much-needed full-scale method for automatic aspectual classification. Moreover, the models resulting from learning reveal several linguistic insights that are relevant to aspectual classification. We also compare supervised learning methods with an unsupervised method for this task.Computer sciencekrm8Computer Science, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesParaphrasing questions using given and new informationhttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:158920
McKeown, Kathleenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:19693Mon, 08 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0000The design and implementation of a paraphrase component for a natural language question-answering system (CO-OP) is presented. The component is used to produce a paraphrase of a user's question to the system, which is presented to the user before the question is evaluated and answered. A major point made is the role of given and new information in formulating a paraphrase that differs in a meaningful way from the user's question. A description is also given of the transformational grammar that is used by the paraphraser.Computer sciencekrm8Computer Science, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesThe Challenge of Spoken Language Systems: Research Directions for the Ninetieshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:158911
McKeown, Kathleen; Hirschman, Lynette; Cole, Ron; Atlas, Les; Beckman, Mary; Biermann, Alan; Bush, Marcia; Clements, Mark; Cohen, Jordan; Garcia, Oscar; Hanson, Brian; Hermansky, Hynek; Levinson, Steve; Morgan, Nelson; Novick, David G.; Ostendorf, Mari; Oviatt, Sharon; Price, Patti; Silverman, Harvey; Spitz, Judy; Waibel, Alex; Weinstein, Clifford; Zahorian, Steve; Zue, Victorhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:19690Mon, 08 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0000A spoken language system combines speech recognition, natural language processing and human interface technology. It functions by recognizing the person's words, interpreting the sequence of words to obtain a meaning in terms of the application, and providing an appropriate response back to the user. Potential applications of spoken language systems range from simple tasks, such as retrieving information from an existing database (traffic reports, airline schedules), to interactive problem solving tasks involving complex planning and reasoning (travel planning, traffic routing), to support for multilingual interactions. We examine eight key areas in which basic research is needed to produce spoken language systems: (1) robust speech recognition; (2) automatic training and adaptation; (3) spontaneous speech; (4) dialogue models; (5) natural language response generation; (6) speech synthesis and speech generation; (7) multilingual systems; and (8) interactive multimodal systems. In each area, we identify key research challenges, the infrastructure needed to support research, and the expected benefits. We conclude by reviewing the need for multidisciplinary research, for development of shared corpora and related resources, for computational support and far rapid communication among researchers. The successful development of this technology will increase accessibility of computers to a wide range of users, will facilitate multinational communication and trade, and will create new research specialties and jobs in this rapidly expanding area.Computer sciencekrm8Computer Science, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesFloating constraints in lexical choicehttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:158904
McKeown, Kathleen; Elhadad, Michael; Robin, Jacqueshttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:19688Mon, 08 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0000Lexical choice is a computationally complex task, requiring a generation system to consider a potentially large number of mappings between concepts and words. Constraints that aid in determining which word is best come from a wide variety of sources, including syntax, semantics, pragmatics, the lexicon, and the underlying domain. Furthermore, in some situations, different constraints come into play early on, while in others, they apply much later. This makes it difficult to determine a systematic ordering in which to apply constraints. In this paper, we present a general approach to lexical choice that can handle multiple, interacting constraints. We focus on the problem of floating constraints, semantic or pragmatic constraints that float, appearing at a variety of different syntactic ranks, often merged with other semantic constraints. This means that multiple content units can be realized by a single surface element, and conversely, that a single content unit can be realized by a variety of surface elements. Our approach uses the Functional Unification Formalism (FUF) to represent a generation lexicon, allowing for declarative and compositional representation of individual constraints.Computer sciencekrm8Computer Science, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesTranslating Collocations for Bilingual Lexicons: A Statistical Approachhttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:158907
McKeown, Kathleen; Smadja, Frank; Hatzivassiloglou, Vasileioshttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:19689Mon, 08 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0000Collocations are notoriously difficult for non-native speakers to translate, primarily because they are opaque and cannot be translated on a word-by-word basis. We describe a program named Champollion which, given a pair of parallel corpora in two different languages and a list of collocations in one of them, automatically produces their translations. Our goal is to provide a tool for compiling bilingual lexical information above the word level in multiple languages, for different domains. The algorithm we use is based on statistical methods and produces p-word translations of n-word collocations in which n and p need not be the same. For example, Champollion translates make...decision, employment equity, and stock market into prendre...décision, équité en matière d'emploi, and bourse respectively. Testing Champollion on three years' worth of the Hansards corpus yielded the French translations of 300 collocations for each year, evaluated at 73% accuracy on average. In this paper, we describe the statistical measures used, the algorithm, and the implementation of Champollion, presenting our results and evaluation.Computer sciencekrm8Computer Science, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesAutomating the generation of coordinated multimedia explanationshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:158914
McKeown, Kathleen; Feiner, Stevenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:19691Mon, 08 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0000An explanation system developed to overcome the disadvantages of conventional authoring in multimedia applications is presented. This experimental test bed for the automated generation of multimedia explanations is called COMET (coordinated multimedia explanation testbed), and has as its goal the coordinated, interactive generation of explanations that combine text and three-dimensional graphics, all of which is generated on the fly. In response to a user request for an explanation, COMET dynamically determines the explanation's content using constraints based on the type of request, the information available in a set of underlying knowledge bases, and information about the user's background and goals. Having determined what to say, COMET also determines how to express it at the time of generation. A brief overview of COMET's domain and architecture is followed by a description of the specific ways in which COMET can coordinate its text and graphics. The current status and limitations of COMET are discussed.Computer sciencekrm8, skf1Computer Science, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesGenerating natural language summaries from multiple on-line sourceshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:158901
McKeown, Kathleen; Radev, Dragomir R. http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:19687Mon, 08 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0000We present a methodology for summarization of news about current events in the form of briefings that include appropriate background (historical) information. The system that we developed, SUMMONS, uses the output of systems developed for the DARPA Message Understanding Conferences to generate summaries of multiple documents on the same or related events, presenting similarities and differences, contradictions, and generalizations among sources of information. We describe the various components of the system, showing how information from multiple articles is combined, organized into a paragraph, and finally, realized as English sentences. A feature of our work is the extraction of descriptions of entities such as people and places for reuse to enhance a briefing.Computer sciencekrm8, dr97Computer Science, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesInferring Strategies for Sentence Ordering in Multidocument News Summarizationhttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:158888
McKeown, Kathleen; Barzilay, Regina; Elhadad, Noemiehttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:19683Mon, 08 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0000The problem of organizing information for multidocument summarization so that the generated summary is coherent has received relatively little attention. While sentence ordering for single document summarization can be determined from the ordering of sentences in the input article, this is not the case for multidocument summarization where summary sentences may be drawn from different input articles. In this paper, we propose a methodology for studying the properties of ordering information in the news genre and describe experiments done on a corpus of multiple acceptable orderings we developed for the task. Based on these experiments, we implemented a strategy for ordering information that combines constraints from chronological order of events and topical relatedness. Evaluation of our augmented algorithm shows a significant improvement of the ordering over two baseline strategies.Computer sciencekrm8, ne60Biomedical Informatics, Computer Science, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesInformation Status Distinctions and Referring Expressions: An Empirical Study of References to People in News Summarieshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:145441
Siddharthan, Advaith; Nenkova, Ani; McKeown, Kathleenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12751Wed, 07 Mar 2012 00:00:00 +0000Although there has been much theoretical work on using various information status distinctions to explain the form of references in written text, there have been few studies that attempt to automatically learn these distinctions for generating references in the context of computer-regenerated text. In this article, we present a model for generating references to people in news summaries that incorporates insights from both theory and a corpus analysis of human written summaries. In particular, our model captures how two properties of a person referred to in the summary—familiarity to the reader and global salience in the news story—affect the content and form of the initial reference to that person in a summary. We demonstrate that these two distinctions can be learned from a typical input for multi-document summarization and that they can be used to make regeneration decisions that improve the quality of extractive summaries.Computer sciencekrm8Computer Science, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesSocially Responsible Businesshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144839
Durrani, Adnanhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12648Tue, 21 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Business, EntrepreneurshipEngineering and Applied SciencePresentationsThe Invention of Mehttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144845
Porter, Danhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12650Tue, 21 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Business, EntrepreneurshipEngineering and Applied SciencePresentationsAttracting Investors to Technology Start-Upshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144848
Lifson, Davidhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12651Tue, 21 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Business, EntrepreneurshipEngineering and Applied SciencePresentationsA Hypothesis Driven Anticancer Path from Cells to Humanshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144872
Breslow, Ronald C.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12659Tue, 21 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Business, Pharmacologyrb33Chemistry, Engineering and Applied Science, Biological SciencesPresentationsEngineering Life in the Valley of Deathhttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144869
Tandon, Nina Mariehttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12658Tue, 21 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Biomedical engineeringnmt2104Business, Pharmacology, Engineering and Applied SciencePresentationsVenture Mergers and Acquisitionshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144857
Knee, Jonathan A.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12654Tue, 21 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Business, Entrepreneurshipjk2110Business, Engineering and Applied Science, JournalismPresentationsSharedSolar: Prepaid Electricity Through Mobile Telephonyhttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144860
Basinger, Matthttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12655Tue, 21 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Business, Entrepreneurship, EnergyEngineering and Applied SciencePresentationsEcological Design and Urbanismhttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144863
Joachim, Mitchellhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12656Tue, 21 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Design, Urban planning, SustainabilityEngineering and Applied SciencePresentationsThinking Bighttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144842
Schmitt, Bernd H.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12649Tue, 21 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Business, Entrepreneurshipbhs1Business, Engineering and Applied SciencePresentationsVenture Capital for Technology Entrepreneurshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144851
Rose, David S.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12652Tue, 21 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Business, EntrepreneurshipEngineering and Applied SciencePresentationsWhat I'm Learning from Egypt, Libya, Japan, etc.http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144875
Sreenivasan, Sreenathhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12661Tue, 21 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Mass communication, Web studies, Journalismss221Engineering and Applied Science, JournalismPresentationsRural Development in Africahttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144866
Modi, Vijay; Berg, Matthew L.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12657Tue, 21 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Area planning and developmentvm2, mlb2178Mechanical Engineering, Engineering and Applied Science, Earth InstitutePresentationsTissue Engineeringhttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144854
Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordanahttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12653Tue, 21 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Business, Entrepreneurshipgv2131Engineering and Applied Science, Biomedical EngineeringPresentationsMy Love of Garbagehttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144878
Gonen, Ronhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12660Tue, 21 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Business, Entrepreneurship, SustainabilityEngineering and Applied SciencePresentationsDoing Good with Datahttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144654
Porway, Jakehttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12591Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Information scienceEngineering and Applied SciencePresentationsFixing Election Coverage . . . : A Really Good Problemhttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144660
Rosen, Jayhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12593Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000JournalismEngineering and Applied SciencePresentationsWhy Wait 'til You Graduatehttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144621
Lerner, David B.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12580Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Entrepreneurshipdl2303Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia Technology VenturesPresentationsSix Common Myths in the Field of Economic Growthhttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144624
Sala-i-Martin, Xavierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12581Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Economicsxs23Economics, Engineering and Applied SciencePresentationsSewage Fed Biorefineries: A Foundation for Urban Sustainabilityhttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144618
Chandran, Kartikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12579Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Sustainability, Urban studieskc2288Earth and Environmental Engineering, Engineering and Applied SciencePresentationsAre MBA's Persons?http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144627
Haroun, Omar A.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12582Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Business educationoah2107Business, Engineering and Applied SciencePresentationsWorking With . . . : Engineering for the Middle of Nowherehttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144613
Cumberbatch, Tobyhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12578Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000EngineeringEngineering and Applied SciencePresentationsInfluence in Social Media Networkshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144630
Aral, Sinanhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12583Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Web studiesEngineering and Applied SciencePresentationsTruth That Lastshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144610
Newman, David H.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12577Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000MedicineEngineering and Applied SciencePresentationsGoing Beyond the Traditional Applications of Ultrasoundhttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144636
Konofagou, Elisa E.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12585Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Medical imaging and radiologyek2191Engineering and Applied Science, Radiology, Biomedical EngineeringPresentationsComputing Motionhttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144642
Grinspun, Eitanhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12587Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Computer scienceeg2173Computer Science, Engineering and Applied SciencePresentationsThe New Green Business Model for Sustainable Financehttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144669
Fusaro, Peter C.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12595Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Finance, Sustainabilitypf2264Engineering and Applied Science, International and Public AffairsPresentationsMachine and Medicine: How Artificial Intelligence Will Improve Medical Practicehttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144645
Chase, Herberthttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12588Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Artificial intelligence, Medicinehc15Biomedical Informatics, Engineering and Applied SciencePresentationsThe Invisible Cure: Why We Are Losing the Fight Against AIDS in Africahttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144657
Epstein, Helenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12592Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Virology, Epidemiologyhe50Engineering and Applied Science, International and Public AffairsPresentationsSense Everything, Control Everything: Integrating the Physical and Virtual Worldshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144639
Schulzrinne, Henning G.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12586Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Computer sciencehgs10Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Engineering and Applied SciencePresentationsThe Vertical Farm: Feeding the World, Saving the Environmenthttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144663
Despommier, Dickson D.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12594Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Agriculture, Environmental scienceddd1Environmental Health Sciences, Engineering and Applied SciencePresentationsRobots for Life: How Robotic Technologies Are the Driving Force for Healthy Humanshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144648
McGill, Stevehttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12589Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Biomedical engineeringEngineering and Applied SciencePresentationsIntel World Ahead Healthcare: Creating a World of Opportunityhttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144651
Gann, Mikehttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12590Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Health care managementEngineering and Applied SciencePresentationsSocial Impact . . .http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:144633
Walker, Johnhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12584Thu, 16 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0000Financejw2461Engineering and Applied Science, International and Public AffairsPresentationsExcellentia Eminentia Effectiohttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:143115
Pena-Mora, Feniosky A.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12145Mon, 09 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0000"In these pages you will learn about the fascinating research endeavors that each of our faculty members is undertaking. We have divided their research into the broad categories of health, sustainability, information, and systems. While we recognize the imperfect nature of categorizing research that, by its very nature may be interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary, we nonetheless believe it will be helpful as a way to see the depth and breadth of our research endeavors within each grouping. As you read the profiles on these pages, I know you will begin to appreciate that, taken as a whole, the research spectrum at Columbia Engineering is exceptional and that, as our professors go about their work, they are at the cusp of making breakthroughs that will have a major impact on the way we live our lives today and tomorrow."Engineeringfp2214Computer Science, Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Earth and Environmental Engineering, Engineering and Applied ScienceBooksExperimental Study on Energy Dissipation of Electrolytes in Nanoporeshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:133006
Zhao, Jianbing; Culligan, Patricia J.; Germaine, John T.; Chen, Xihttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10465Fri, 27 May 2011 00:00:00 +0000When a nonwetting fluid is forced to infiltrate a hydrophobic nanoporous solid, the external mechanical work is partially dissipated into thermal energy and partially converted to the liquidâˆ’solid interface energy to increase its enthalpy, resulting in a system with a superior energy absorption performance. To clarify the energy dissipation and conversion mechanisms, experimental infiltration and defiltration tests of liquid/ion solutions into nanopores of a hydrophobic ZSM-5 zeolite were conducted. The characteristics of energy dissipation were quantified by measuring the temperature variation of the immersed liquid environment and compared against that estimated from pressureâˆ’infiltration volume isotherms during infiltration and defiltration stages of the test. Both stages were observed to be endothermic, with the temperature of the liquid phase showing a steady increase with changes in liquid saturation. The confinement of the molecular-sized pore space causes the liquid molecules/ions to transit between statuses of orderly and disorderly motions, resulting in dissipation behaviors that vary with liquid infiltration/defiltration rates and the types and concentrations of additive electrolytes in the liquidâ€”both factors of which alter the characteristics of the nanofluidic transport behavior.Nanosciencepjc2104, xc2107Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Earth and Environmental Engineering, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesFecal Contamination of Shallow Tubewells in Bangladesh Inversely Related to Arsenichttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:132995
Van Geen, Alexander; Ahmed, Kazi Matin; Akita, Yasuyuki; Alam, Md. Jahangir; Culligan, Patricia J.; Emch, Michael; Escamilla, Veronica; Feighery, John; Ferguson, Andrew S.; Knappett, Peter; Layton, Alice C.; Mailloux, Brian J.; McKay, Larry D.; Mey, Jacob L.; Serre, Marc L.; Streatfield, P. Kim; Wu, Jianyong; Yunus, Mohammadhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10462Fri, 27 May 2011 00:00:00 +0000The health risks of As exposure due to the installation of millions of shallow tubewells in the Bengal Basin are known, but fecal contamination of shallow aquifers has not systematically been examined. This could be a source of concern in densely populated areas with poor sanitation because the hydraulic travel time from surface water bodies to shallow wells that are low in As was previously shown to be considerably shorter than for shallow wells that are high in As. In this study, 125 tubewells 6-36 m deep were sampled in duplicate for 18 months to quantify the presence of the fecal indicator Escherichia coli. On any given month, E. coli was detected at levels exceeding 1 most probable number per 100 mL in 19-64% of all shallow tubewells, with a higher proportion typically following periods of heavy rainfall. The frequency of E. coli detection averaged over a year was found to increase with population surrounding a well and decrease with the As content of a well, most likely because of downward transport of E. coli associated with local recharge. The health implications of higher fecal contamination of shallow tubewells, to which millions of households in Bangladesh have switched in order to reduce their exposure to As, need to be evaluated.Environmental scienceafv2, pjc2104, af2460, jlm2010Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesDelivering Sustainable Infrastructure that Supports the Urban Built Environmenthttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:132998
Boyle, Carol; Mudd, Gavin; Mihelcic, James R.; Anastas, Paul; Collins, Terry; Culligan, Patricia J.; Edwards, Marc; Gabe, Jeremy; Gallagher, Patricia; Handy, Susan; Kao, Jehng-Jung; Krumdieck, Susan; Lyles, Lionel D.; Mason, Ian; Mcdowall, Ron; Pearce, Annie; Riedy, Chris; Russell, John; Schnoor, Jerald L.; Trotz, Maya; Venables, Roger; Zimmerman, Julie B.; Fuchs, Valerie; Miller, Sarah; Page, Shannon; Reeder-Emery, Karenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10463Fri, 27 May 2011 00:00:00 +0000Environmental science, Sustainability, Urban planningpjc2104Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesThermally Responsive Fluid Behaviors in Hydrophobic Nanoporeshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:133003
Liu, Ling; Zhao, Jianbing; Culligan, Patricia J.; Qiao, Yu; Chen, Xihttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10464Fri, 27 May 2011 00:00:00 +0000A fundamental understanding of the thermal effects on nanofluid behaviors is critical for developing and designing innovative thermally responsive nanodevices. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and experiment, we investigate the temperature-dependent intrusion/adsorption of water molecules into hydrophobic nanopores (carbon nanotubes and nanoporous carbon) and the underlying mechanisms. The critical infiltration pressure is reduced for elevated temperature or increased pore size. The variation of wettability is related to the thermally responsive fluid characteristics, such as the surface tension and contact angle, which arise from the variations of multiple atomic variables including the confined water density, hydrogen bond, and dipole orientation. With thermal perturbation, most of these physical quantities are found to be more significantly influenced in the confined nanoenvironment than in the bulk. By utilizing the prominent thermal effect at the nanoscale, the feasibility and prospective efficiency of employing nanofluidics for energy storage, actuation, and thermal monitoring are discussed.Nanosciencepjc2104, xc2107Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Earth and Environmental Engineering, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticlesNanoscale Fluid Transport: Size and Rate Effectshttp://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:133009
Chen, Xi; Han, Guoxin; Han, Aijie; Liu, Ling; Punyamurtula, Venkata K.; Culligan, Patricia J.; Kim, Taewan; Qiao, Yuhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10466Fri, 27 May 2011 00:00:00 +0000The transport behavior of water molecules inside a model carbon nanotube is investigated by using nonequilibrium molecular dynamcis (NMED) simulations. The shearing stress between the nanotube wall and the water molecules is identified as a key factor in determining the nanofluidic properties. Due to the effect of nanoscale confinement, the effective shearing stress is not only size sensitive but also strongly dependent on the fluid flow rate. Consequently, the nominal viscosity of the confined water decreases rapidly as the tube radius is reduced or when a faster flow rate is maintained. An infiltration experiment on a nanoporous carbon is performed to qualitatively validate these findings.Nanosciencexc2107, pjc2104Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Earth and Environmental Engineering, Engineering and Applied ScienceArticles