Polycythemia is an increase in the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream. Polycythemia rubra vera is a disease in which the blood-producing cells in the bone marrow develop and reproduce abnormally. It has been reported in cats. Red blood cell production is dramatically increased, and levels of the hormone that stimulates development of red blood cells (erythropoietin) are low or normal. In secondary polycythemia, red blood cell production increases in response to increased erythropoietin levels. This may be seen in severe lung disease, congestive heart failure, or abnormalities of blood circulation.

Your veterinarian will use tests of blood and urine to help diagnose polycythemia. In some cases, X-rays and other tests may also be required. Signs of the disorder include red mucous membranes, bleeding tendencies, the passing of large amounts of urine, excessive thirst, seizures or behavioral changes, lack of coordination, weakness, and blindness. Treatment of polycythemia includes removing red blood cells by withdrawing blood through a catheter placed in a vein, then replacing the lost blood with fluids. Drugs such as hydroxyurea or clorambucil may also be added to the treatment. In some cases, the underlying disease must be treated (Veterinary.heading on page Polycythemia in Dogs).

Was This Page Helpful?

Also of Interest

Test your
knowledge

A left lateral radiograph of a 3-year-old domestic shorthair cat’s thorax is obtained for evaluation of persistent coughing. The resulting x-ray is underexposed (too light). Adjusting which of the following x-ray machine settings is most likely to improve the quality of subsequent images?

Merck and the Merck Veterinary Manual

Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Merck Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community. The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Veterinary Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Manual outside of North America.