Middle East

Troubled Iraqi border town stuck in the eye of the storm

AL-QAIM, Iraq: Syrian refugees squeeze against a closed gate at an Iraqi border post, reaching through its metal bars to clamor for water, and calling out to Iraqi cousins and brothers on the other side.

Yelling into their cellphones, more Syrians perch on top of the concrete walls that divide Iraq from Syria, waiting for Iraqis to unload trucks filled with cooking oil and bottled water and hoist them over the Al-Qaim checkpoint.

Close by, predominantly Sunni Syrian rebels are fighting President Bashar Assad’s forces over the town of Albu-Kamal, bringing the war to Al-Qaim with refugees, Syrian jets and occasional rocket attacks.

Many Shiite politicians took refuge in Syria during the rule of Saddam Hussein, and Assad, who is Alawite, is backed by Shiite Iran while Sunni power Saudi Arabia supports the rebels.

Iraq’s leaders dismiss claims they support Assad, but they also fear a nightmare scenario: his downfall brings a hostile Sunni Muslim regime to power and emboldens disenchanted Sunnis in Iraq’s own fragile sectarian mix.

In Anbar, where tribal ties are strong, discontent over Baghdad’s stance on the Syrian crisis is growing. Many have already chosen their side.

“When you have cousins here, it is a matter just of luck whether they are Iraqi or Syrian,” said Emad Hammoud, an official in Al-Qaim. “In Syria, it’s a fight of a government against its people, and we are with the people.”

Al-Qaim and its neighboring Syrian counterpart Albu-Kamal are on a supply route for smugglers and now insurgents aiming to join the rebellion.

Just a few years ago the traffic went the other way: Sunni Islamist bombers crossed into Iraq to fight against the American occupation and refugees fled to Syria to avoid sectarian slaughter.

Though still wary of Islamist insurgents, Baghdad’s Shiite-led central government initially opened the border to Syria’s refugees after the conflict started 18 months ago.

But Albu-Kamal has since been overrun by anti-Assad Free Syrian Army rebels and the number of refugees has grown, prompting authorities to lock Al-Qaim’s crossing. Army brigades now reinforce the frontier, marked by 2-meter metal fence.

Iraqis send food and medical supplies to pass over the gate at Al-Qaim, where around 200 to 300 refugees arrive daily, seeking shelter or supplies from relatives before heading home.

“This is not help from the state, this is from clerics and from the people,” said one local Iraqi government official at the crossing, who was not authorized by Baghdad to speak about the refugees.

After Saddam’s fall in 2003, many members of his Baath party fled to Syria. Baghdad often criticized Damascus for sheltering Al-Qaeda insurgents and former Baathists who used Syria as a haven to attack U.S. troops in Iraq.

But Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki, who took refuge in Iran and Syria during Saddam’s era, has since developed a pragmatic relationship with Assad. Iraq abstained in an Arab League vote to suspend Syria and resists calls for sanctions, urging reforms instead.

Iraqi Foreign Minister Hoshiyar Zebari alluded to fears of what could follow if Assad is overthrown.

“The flow of refugees, the entrenchment of terrorist organizations, the veil of a fundamentalist regime, all this could impact us,” Zebari told Reuters. “We are trying to take a independent position. Based on our national interests ... Things are not black and white.”

At tribal meetings across Anbar, talk is now of Syria’s crisis and how they can help their Sunni Syrian brethren.

Anbar’s tribes turned against Al-Qaeda to help U.S. forces in 2006. But since the rise of Iraq’s Shiite majority, many Sunnis say they are alienated. Local sheikhs feel sidelined by a prime minister who they say wants to consolidate Shiite power and Sunnis accuse Maliki of reneging on power-sharing deals.

“Iraq will face a storm,” Sheikh Hatim Salaiman, chieftain of one of Anbar’s tribes said. “In a few months, Syria’s crisis will likely end. And what comes next will be difficult for Iraq.”

Al-Qaim is already struggling with spillover from the fighting. Syrian military jets fly over Iraqi airspace almost daily to make bombing runs on rebel just over the border, Al-Qaim’s mayor Farhan Ftaikhan says, and most nearby Syrian border posts have been abandoned by government troops.

Beyond the frontier, the main checkpoint on the Syrian side sits empty.

On one wall, the FSA flag is painted over a portrait of Assad’s late father, Hafez. Bullet holes cratering the wall partially obliterate his face.

Gunshots that pockmark the concrete wall of another border post are evidence of the more regular clashes between Iraqi border troops and gunmen on the Syrian side.

Earlier this month, FSA fighters fired on Iraqi troops trying to stop four vehicles carrying weapons into Syria. Iraqi troops responded with mortar and canon fire, one Iraqi military official said.

For now, Al-Qaim’s mayor says, the border is closed while local authorities wait to complete more camps with a capacity for 10,000 refugees.

Outside the town, around 2,000 refugees who managed to cross the border before it was closed are housed in white tents. A similar number are put up with relatives or local residents.

The violence is growing. Three times, Syrian rockets have landed on Al-Qaim, most recently less than a fortnight ago, when three Katyushas hit a residential neighborhood, killing an Iraqi girl and wounding some of her family.

It was unclear who fired them, the Syrian army or the rebels. But Al-Qaim residents know they will not be the last.

“I thought it was one of the Syrian planes we hear overhead. Then we heard the rocket coming at us,” said Firas Attallah, the girl’s father.

“This is the price we pay, just for the help we are sending, for the food and medicine we send.”

A version of this article appeared in the print edition of The Daily Star on September 18, 2012, on page 8.

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