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Arthur I Segel

Arthur Segel is the Poorvu Family Professor of Management Practice in the Finance Department at Harvard Business School where he has been writing cases and teaching the Real Property Asset Management course since 1996. He is an honors graduate of Harvard College (1973) and Stanford University, Graduate School of Business (1975).

At Harvard Business School, Professor Segel has written extensively in the areas of securitization, distress investing, sustainability and globalization. He has assisted new faculty in creating courses, such as, executive education; emerging markets; development, design and construction; affordable housing; urbanization and infrastructure; and portfolio and real estate investing.

Mr. Segel was a co-founder and co-owner (1982-2001) of TA Associates Realty, a large private equity real estate development and investment advisory firm specializing in commercial and multi-family real estate in over thirty markets in the United States and Canada. Prior to TA Associates Realty, he worked as a Vice President at Boston Properties and as Deputy for Finance and Administration at Massport under Governor Michael S. Dukakis.

In 2005, he helped found and serves as Chairman of the Global Advisory Board of The Xander Group, a real estate and infrastructure private equity firm focused on emerging markets, and he co-founded, serves on the Board and is Treasurer of The Tobin Project, a non-profit that encourages policy-relevant academic research and is a recipient of the 2012 MacArthur Genius Award. In 1998, he was one of the co-founders of the 21st Century Fund, a non-profit for public education.

Professor Segel serves on the Advisory Committees of High Vista, a Boston-based multi-asset fund; and SRB Corporation, a Boston-based insurance company. He is a member of the Urban Land Institute, PREA, NAIOP, a trustee and vice-chairman of the Executive Committee of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, a trustee and member of the finance and audit committee of the Rothschild Family Foundation, Yad Hanadiv, in Jerusalem, a life trustee of Temple Israel and an overseer of the Gardner Museum. In 2006, Private Equity Real Estate Journal awarded him one of the 30 most influential players in real estate in the world.

Judy and John DeRight, looking to diversify their investment portfolios, have retained Angus Cartwright, Jr. to identify prospective real estate acquisitions. Mr. Cartwright has four potential properties that he feels merit an in-depth financial analysis. The case provides an opportunity to examine the various components of real estate return—cash flow, tax benefits, and futures—and measure the profitability of a proposed investment through the calculation of net present value, internal rate of return, and capitalization rate.

Judy and John DeRight, looking to diversify their investment portfolios, have retained Angus Cartwright, Jr. to identify prospective real estate acquisitions. Mr. Cartwright has four potential properties that he feels merit an in-depth financial analysis. The case provides an opportunity to examine the various components of real estate return—cash flow, tax benefits, and futures—and measure the profitability of a proposed investment through the calculation of net present value, internal rate of return, and capitalization rate.

Every real-estate transaction is affected by the tax consequences that result from its form and substance. Structuring a transaction without a thorough understanding of its tax considerations is likely to reduce the transaction's potential value. The failure to utilize the available tax benefits eliminates one of the major reasons for making a real-estate investment.

For centuries Lafite has been the most admired wine Estate in the world. How does Baron Eric de Rothschild protect this crown jewel in a conservative manner while DBR develops other Chateaux blending wine programs, reaches out to new areas such as China and begins to take a more active interest in the world's number one market—the United States.

Cheick Sanankoua is an MBA student who believes that he has found the perfect investment property, a small, independently owned hotel, on the Ivory Coast. However, he has had trouble raising money for the investment beyond friends and family. Through contacts in the private equity industry, he has one last opportunity to pitch the deal to Asdar Capital. If unsuccessful, the time on Sanankoua's exclusivity agreement with the owners will run out.

In 2014, Rick is serving as a trustee for a large family trust whose principle asset is a plot of prime real estate in the Upper East Side of Manhattan. The land is currently subject to a ground lease which pays $4.6 million annually, with resets every 20 years at 4.5% of the appraised value of the land. The next reset is in 2022, and in the meantime Rick must make a decision on whether it might be better for the trust's beneficiaries to sell the land early. If so, what price should he seek?

In 2014, Arjun Dhawan (MBA 2004), President of HCC Concessions, is working toward the completion of his largest road development project yet. The route, a 250-km stretch leading from the critical eastern Indian port of Kolkata into the interior of the province of West Bengal, is a prime example of both the benefits and the drawbacks of Public-Private Partnerships in the Indian transportation sector. Despite delays and political pressure, HCC Concessions has nearly finished building the road, and now is receiving offers to purchase the project's equity.

This background note explores the basic themes surrounding the government's approach to providing housing: namely its shift from a supplier and builder of affordable housing to an approach that focuses on demand-side solutions and indirect subsidies to private developers. In addition to a shift from supply-based to demand-based solutions, there is an on-going debate about whether to provide people-based or place-based solutions. The above shift and debate reflects the troubles encountered in the original urban renewal efforts, and the desire today to provide affordable housing that is close to jobs and transportation, that is mixed-income, and contextual to its surrounding development.

Developers Jonathan Rose and Adam Weinstein were trying to determine which of three proposals to submit to the city of New York in response to a RFP to create an affordable housing project in the South Bronx. The site, referred to as Via Verde, was a 1.5-acre triangular brownfield in one of the poorest neighborhoods in New York City. It was 2006 and the housing market was peaking but had not yet crashed. Both Rose and Weinstein were experienced developers of low-income housing, the former as CEO of the Jonathan Rose Companies, a national developer, and the latter as CEO of Phipps Houses, the largest non-profit developer and manager of low-income housing in NYC. The three proposal options differed in their risk and return profiles for the developers, and differed in how much they incorporated health-oriented, mixed-income living for the residents.

Developers Jonathan Rose and Adam Weinstein were trying to determine which of three proposals to submit to the city of New York in response to a RFP to create an affordable housing project in the South Bronx. The site, referred to as Via Verde, was a 1.5-acre triangular brownfield in one of the poorest neighborhoods in New York City. It was 2006 and the housing market was peaking but had not yet crashed. Both Rose and Weinstein were experienced developers of low-income housing, the former as CEO of the Jonathan Rose Companies, a national developer, and the latter as CEO of Phipps Houses, the largest non-profit developer and manager of low-income housing in NYC. The three proposal options differed in their risk and return profiles for the developers, and differed in how much they incorporated health-oriented, mixed-income living for the residents.

Marisa Sanchez, a new Associate at Douglas Private Equity Advisors, confronts a dilemma when she is asked by a Senior Vice President (SVP) to do due diligence on a deal he wants to bring before the investment committee which will include the SVP, Douglas' owner and founder and others. The meeting is timed just before annual bonus season. Marisa's due diligence findings indicate that her boss, the SVP, has significantly misrepresented the market information and that the pricing should be considerably less than he is advocating. He asks her to manipulate the numbers, "to make the numbers work." She has to decide, when asked at the committee meeting, what to say and how.

The case begins in March 2009 during the depths of the recession with Forest City Ratner (FCR) Companies, a New York City based developer, facing the decision to halt construction half-way on 8 Spruce Street, the tallest residential tower in the Western Hemisphere, or continue to build to 76 stories. It includes background on FCR, protagonist MaryAnne Gilmartin and the Vision for 8 Spruce. It traces the origins of the development from site acquisition in 2004 to early challenges including an early lawsuit, loss of a major tenant and change in asset type to completely residential. It details discussion on the choice to use world-renowned architect Frank Gehry. Finally, the case presents the proposed development, including complete development budget and projected returns for the first 38 stories. It examines financing concerns, development in tenuous market circumstances, condo versus rental units for floors 38-76 and a consumer perspective to buy versus rent units. Ultimately, the protagonist must decide to halt construction or continue construction as either condo or rental.

After spending two years evaluating China as a potential market for expansion, in 2012, Scott Malkin, Chief Executive of Value Retail, identifies a highly desireable site in Suzhou. Now Malkin must decide if it is the right opportunity to open a village in China.

Scott Malkin, CEO of Value Retail, a developer and operator of European outlet villages serving luxury brands, is planning on developing a 18,503 m2 open-air outlet village to be built 98 kilometers south of Milan on land he was about to acquire for 7.26 million lira. Is this a good investment? What are the risks associated with the project? Could Value Retail pursue its outlet strategy in Italy? Includes color exhibits.

Bashar Masri is developing the first new stand-alone Palestinian city 25 kilometers north of Jerusalem and 9 kilometers north of Ramallah in the West Bank on 6300 dunams (1556 acres) for 40,000 people with financial support from the Qatari investment authority and assistance from The Portland Trust. The first phase with 5000 homes along with a commercial city center, parks, schools and other public facilities will be available for occupancy in 2014. The eventual $1.5 billion new city has a host of start up problems including what should be built when and at what price along with infrastructure issues.

Victor Alexander was intrigued by the packet of papers that lay in front of him. The papers comprised a brochure that Garden State Bank had put together in an effort to sell the Bonnie Road Distribution Center in Somerset, New Jersey, for $9.7 million. It was April 2013 and the New Jersey real estate market was recovering and the capital markets were in disarray. Alexander had convinced 10 friends to put up $200,000 each in addition to his own $200,000 to acquire one or two troubled properties. Alexander decided to focus on warehouse properties due to their relatively small size, their strong historical performance, and his relevant experience. He wondered whether Bonnie Road would make a good investment.

Although inexperienced in real estate, Edward Alexander hopes in June 2013 that youthful enthusiasm and $240,000 in savings and inheritance will help him enter the real estate business. His experience chronicles the process of finding, evaluating, and acquiring a four-unit brownstone in need of renovation in the Beacon Hill area of Boston. The case also identifies the various players in the process. A rewritten version of an earlier case.

This case provides an introduction to hotel investment, development and management from the perspective of a short term oriented investor group. Students learn that hotels are a unique real estate property type, with performance often tied to the broader economy, and returns dependent upon sound marketing and an efficient operating strategy, usually executed by a third-party manager. As such, hotels can reasonably be viewed as operating companies—not simply real estate—and therefore carefully structured operating agreements, which align incentives for owners and third-party managers, while maximizing returns, are vital. Class discussion of the selection of an operating company, and potential ways to structure the agreement, allows students to hone their negotiation instincts in a real estate context.

In March 2012, Jack Dawkins is in the early stages of leading the development of an old navy yard in Croatia into a mixed-use waterfront community of residences, hotel rooms, shops and dining. Catering to those arriving by superyachts and other leisure boats, and set amongst dramatic coastline, the project would transform the region. Coordinating the many stakeholders in a new country, Jack has to decide the best way to navigate the development risks and whether the project really makes sense as proposed, in more ways than one.

World population growth and increasing urbanization will require new cities in the future around the world. This technical note attempts to systematize the key design decisions that developers and policy makers alike must make to be able to proceed.

Demonstrates the accelerating impact of leverage on returns under differing scenarios of property performance. The performance scenarios represent two points in time: the inception of the investment and the liquidation.

The Real Property Negotiation Game simulates the experience negotiating the sale, purchase, or financing of a property. The class competes as either a lender, buyer, or one of two groups of sellers, Raleigh, North Carolina and Las Vegas, Nevada. This is the lender case for the Real Property Negotiation Game. Porus Bank must decide to which buyers they must learn and at what terms.

The Real Property Negotiation Game simulates the experience negotiating the sale, purchase, or financing of a property. The class competes as either a lender, buyer, or one of two groups of sellers, Raleigh, North Carolina and Las Vegas, Nevada. The buyer case for the Real Property Negotiation Game. Celia Hernandez must decide which of two properties to purchase.

The Real Property Negotiation Game simulates the experience negotiating the sale, purchase, or financing of a property. The class competes as either a lender, buyer, or one of two groups of sellers, Raleigh, North Carolina and Las Vegas, Nevada. This is the buyer case for the Real Property Negotiation Game. Celia Hernandez must decide which of two properties to purchase.

The case involves repositioning an old 6-story warehouse in Pittsburgh and many of the issues of rehabilitation and selecting and managing the development team especially in a world of capital market uncertainty. The case also demonstrates the alignment of interests of the players, the construction process, and the various methods available to contract with the general contractor including lump sum, cost-plus, and guaranteed maximum price.

This note provides a comprehensive research guide for real estate students, professionals, and executives. It includes lists of real estate industry trade organizations, publicly available research resources, books, and journals relevant to a wide range of financial and operational careers in real estate.

In July 2010, William Ackman, the founder of Pershing Square, is considering a potential new opportunity: the acquisition of the distressed Stuyvesant Town and Peter Cooper Village ("ST /PCV") complex. The property had recently been abandoned by its owners and had come under the control of CW Capital, the special servicer for the vast amount of debt that was in default. Any investment in a distressed property could be very risky and might require the company to seek protection in the bankruptcy courts. While the bankruptcy process was not new for Ackman, it could add significant complexity and unknown outcomes. Ackman must consider whether this is a worthwhile investment, given the ambiguous valuation and significant public scrutiny of any investment deal.

Warren Adams founded Patagonia Sur in 2007 as one of the world's first for-profit land conservation businesses. His goal was to purchase over 100,000 acres of land in southern Chile and to run a variety of sustainable businesses to generate annual returns for investors. Patagonia Sur planned to derive various streams of revenue from the land—including eco-tourism, sustainable land development, carbon credits, water rights and eco-brokerage—thereby giving a financial return to investors on top of achieving a positive environmental impact. By 2011, Warren had raised over $20 million from high net worth individuals and Patagonia Sur had over 60,000 acres in Patagonia under management. However, institutional investors seriously questioned whether Patagonia Sur could ever do more than break even on an annual basis. Further, they worried that in fact the risk of the investment went up significantly as the company spent both its capital and management time on so many different revenue streams. In addition, some investors felt that for-profit conservation was morally wrong. Warren needed to convince both individual and institutional investors that his vision would succeed in both generating returns and preserving the natural beauty of Patagonia.

Steve Williams, General Counsel of Unilever PIc, has two key decisions to make prior to commencing construction on the redevelopment of Unilever House - the company's London corporate headquarters. The purpose of the redevelopment is to reinvigorate the corporate culture by making the company's workspace more collaborative, transparent, and efficient. Steve has to decide how to finance the project and whether the current design proposed by his architects achieves the project's goals.

Real estate represents the largest asset class in the world. Businesses in the United States have over $8.6 trillion of real estate assets on their balance sheets. Excluding housing--worth $16 trillion in the United States--and corporate-owned real estate, there is another $4.7 trillion in commercial property alone. Real estate is also a huge source of personal wealth, and the liquidity of that wealth is an essential driver of economic growth in the United States.

This note seeks to provide an overview of farmland investing, the investment thesis behind investing in agriculture, how and why investors would choose farmland, and the general risks and return characteristics of this asset class. In recent years, a growing number of individual and institutional investors have allocated a portion of their capital into agricultural farmland. Private investors, public companies, and sovereign wealth funds are now all currently purchasing and selling large amounts of farmland for profit.

Alejandro Elsztain, CEO of Cresud S.A., is faced with the difficult choice of whether to sell, develop, or continue to hold the 151,000 hectares of remaining undeveloped farmland at the company's Los Pozos farm in Argentina. Developing the land will further expose Cresud to a variety of risks related to owning and operating farmland, but the potential financial rewards are potentially significant. As competition has increased and farmland values have skyrocketed in the last eight years, Cresud's overall corporate strategy has been to increasingly focus on development opportunities outside of the country—in areas such as Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. Alejandro's looming decision on Los Pozos is, in many ways, reflective of choices facing his company in general.

Busse Corporate Center's largest tenant recently declared bankruptcy, leaving the building 38% occupied and significantly overleveraged. In a depressed suburban Chicago office market, Marisa Sanchez, the leasing agent, has to negotiate lease proposals with three prospective tenants to try to fill the vacant space. Meanwhile, the building's owner, Collins Properties, must decide with its equity partner whether to continue funding the building's losses while trying to lease the vacant space, restructure the debt, or default on the loan and turn the building over to its lenders. The decision is made more complicated by Collins' use of a Commercial Mortgage Backed Security (CMBS) Loan, which involves multiple parties, ambiguous relationships, and bifurcated responsibilities.

This note details the background of the credit crisis, discusses potential causes of it, and considers its ramifications. The exhibits contain a variety of pertinent data regarding the rise of securitization, debt levels, and typical aspects of financial crises. A new matrix is also introduced for thinking about a country's potential economic performance at any point in time.

Real estate is an increasingly important component in the portfolios of institutional investors. This note discusses the issues these investors must consider when investing in real estate from the legal forms of ownership, to separate or commingled funds, to property type and geography, to broad or focused managers, to leverage, to the timing of investment, and finally, to the compensation paid to both external managers and internal staff.

Holt Lunsford is debating how to grow his Dallas-based commercial real estate services firm and how to advise a long-time client who is wondering whether to lease or buy an industrial warehouse. Focuses on the highly competitive and increasingly institutionalized $50 billion real estate services industry, which encompasses property management, leasing, tenant representation, and other activities. What makes Lunsford's firm, The Holt Companies, special? Explores what corporate strategy Lunsford should choose for his firm, and what recommendation he should make to his client.

In 2001, Pankaj Bajaj is considering whether to go forward with a residential development outside New Delhi. Facing an uncooperative local authority, he must determine how to evaluate the risks of proceeding against the potential loss of a golden opportunity to bring Eldeco, his real estate development company, into the top tier of industry players.

In 2003, the chairwoman and controlling shareholder of Argentina's leading residential mortgage lender are considering how to bring the bank's restructuring to a successful conclusion as the country's economy continues to suffer from the impact of the 2001-2002 currency crisis and default. As the bank's competitors, many of whom were also creditors, begin to close ranks, Banco Hipotecario's management and shareholders need to come up with a plan that will satisfy creditors and keep the bank's business model intact.

The Jonathan Rose Companies must decide how to design and launch an innovative new real estate fund focused on green and transit oriented properties. JRC seeks to show through the fund that smart growth and green buildings provide superior economic returns to sprawl and environmentally damaging development. In order to launch the fund, JRC must decide on several important outstanding issues. What will be the fund's investment criteria? To whom should the fund be marketed? How should the fund be structured? What should be the fund's first investment?

Cricket Real Estate Advisors needs to decide if they should invest in a proposed joint venture development with Buddy Holly & Associates. Holly is a successful northern Virginia office developer who plans to develop two buildings containing 232,750 rentable square feet. Students need to evaluate the deal's structure and financial arrangements, recommend changes and decide whether to proceed with the deal.

Marisa Caris oversees real estate investments for the IBET Pension Fund. She must value each of the existing eight properties and determine a strategy for going forward. A rewritten version of an earlier case.

Roberto Charvel is a young MBA graduate making his first personal real estate investment in his native Mexico City. Charvel is planning to purchase and renovate a nine-unit apartment building. Is the market good? Should he sell or lease the units? How should he handle other issues like the architectural designs, the construction process, and the legal process? How should he balance all the competing demands on his time? This case serves as an introduction to the multifamily property type.

The Real Property Negotiation Game simulates the experience negotiating the sale, purchase, or financing of a property. The class competes as either a lender, buyer, or one of two groups of sellers, Raleigh, North Carolina and Las Vegas, Nevada. This is the seller case, Las Vegas, for the Real Property Negotiation Game. David Stephens must decide whether and at what price to sell his property.

Kenya's Minister of Housing faces tremendous pressures in dealing with the pervasive housing troubles in his country. Kibera is the largest slum in Africa and home to more than 800,000 residents, yet only measures two square kilometers, roughly half the size of Manhattan's Central Park. Most homes are single-story structures and the density is 3,000 persons per hectare (compared to 43 in London, 100 in New York City, and 143 in Tokyo), making this one of the most densely populated areas in the world. The slum's living conditions are abysmal by Western standards and gets little to no support from the local government due to the entrenched bureaucracy that has seemingly misaligned interests in the slum.

Addresses the following questions: What are the portfolio-level implications? What are the asset-level characteristics? How do I invest? With whom do I invest? What do I get for my investment? What protections do I have? When and how do I get out?

Clifford Chance, LLP, a global law firm headquartered in London, needs to make a decision whether to stay in the central business district of London or move to a redeveloped business park at Canary Wharf, three miles outside of central London. Peter Charleton, head of the London Office, is proposing to move to Canary Wharf and building a single, landmark headquarters with all the necessary amenities and premium fit-outs that are appropriate for an elite law firm. The tension surrounding the case is the choice to move from the hub of commerce in central London to a relatively obscure site whose owners (Olympia and York) have a history of financial bankruptcy. What business elements (clients, operations, employees, etc.) should they consider if they move the firm and how much relative weight do they place on each element? How do they frame the advantages and disadvantages between central London and Canary Wharf? What type of items should they program into the new facility (cellular or open floor plans, ceiling heights, common space, dining facilities, gymnasiums, etc.)? How should they prioritize these items?

Harvard President Lawrence Summers had presided over the final interviews of world-renowned architects being considered for the science complex planned for Harvard's expanded campus in Allston. The selection process had absorbed nine months in 2005 and amplified the long-standing debate about Harvard architecture. How will the proposed new complex be received be faculty, students, alumni, neighbors, and the public?

Enterprise Community Partners must determine whether to rebuild the Lafitte housing projects in hurricane-ravaged New Orleans and, if so, how to mitigate the risks. Set in January 2007, more than a year after Hurricane Katrina made landfall, the case examines how Enterprise has a number of environmental, contractual, reputational, and legal risks to overcome in making the project a success. Given these risks, Enterprise is unsure whether to rebuild in New Orleans at all and whether to renovate the site or redevelop it into a mixed-income community.

The Real Property Negotiation Game simulates the experience negotiating the sale, purchase, or financing of a property. The class competes as either a lender, buyer, or one of two groups of sellers, Raleigh, North Carolina and Las Vegas, Nevada. The seller case, Raleigh Commons, for the Real Property Negotiation Game. Steve Stroud must decide whether and at what price to sell his property.

The Real Property Negotiation Game simulates the experience negotiating the sale, purchase, or financing of a property. The class competes as either a lender, buyer, or one of two groups of sellers, Raleigh, North Carolina and Las Vegas, Nevada. The seller case, Las Vegas, for the Real Property Negotiation Game. David Stephens must decide whether and at what price to sell his property.

The Real Property Negotiation Game simulates the experience negotiating the sale, purchase, or financing of a property. The class competes as either a lender, buyer, or one of two groups of sellers, Raleigh, North Carolina and Las Vegas, Nevada. This is the seller case, Raleigh Commons, for the Real Property Negotiation Game. Steve Stroud must decide whether and at what price to sell his property.

Despite the failure of other attempts to bring mixed use development in New York City, Related Companies in 2004 opened Time Warner Center, a huge complex incorporating offices, shops, restaurants, music auditoriums, a hotel, and luxury apartments on Columbus Circle in Manhattan. Tracing the process by which Related became the site developer, the case examines the risks and rewards of building and marketing the various components of the megastructure.

Discusses real estate valuation. Reviews "back of the envelope" valuation; real estate appraisal methods, including the income method; market comparables and replacement costs; and more complex computer modeling. Also discusses other variables that could influence valuation.

Scott Malkin, CEO of Value Retail, a developer and operator of European outlet villages serving luxury brands, is planning on developing a 18,503 m2 open-air outlet village to be built 98 kilometers south of Milan on land he was about to acquire for 7.26 million lira. Is this a good investment? What are the risks associated with the project? Could Value Retail pursue its outlet strategy in Italy? Includes color exhibits.

The purchase of a single-family home is generally the major investment for most young couples in China. Shows in detail the process that a young couple goes through in late April 2007 to find, finance, and close on an apartment in Beijing within what they believe to be their financial capabilities. Takes place in the context of the rapidly developing Chinese real estate market and introduces issues concerning the search and property acquisition that are specific to Beijing. Also deals with the direct and indirect cost involved in home acquisition, and compares these costs to the rental alternative. Also explores the role that the Internet can play in the home-buying process in China.

Julio Martinez finds himself as one of the owners of the Arts Hotel Project in Barcelona, Spain. The 455-room hotel is managed by the Ritz Carlton and is in a 44-story tower along Barcelona's beachfront. Julio needs to figure out a strategy to maximize his investment, including a negotiation of the Ritz's operating agreement. Includes color exhibits.

In September 2001, Armando Codina, the CEO and chairman of Codina Group, is facing the decision of whether to go ahead as planned with its $220 million Beacon Lakes project, a 6.6-million-square-foot warehouse and office park in Miami's Airport West submarket. Although his firm has already spent more than two years and almost $2 million to get the project underway, the various obstacles ahead make him ponder whether to continue. Codina feels that an unsuccessful project could hurt his otherwise untainted career. Among the issues facing him: the uncertainty regarding the expansion of the Urban Development Boundary line to the west to include the site of the project, which is currently zoned to prohibit any type of development, and the heated environmental debate regarding the site's proximity to the Northwest Wellfield Protection Area and the Everglades National Park. Codina needs to analyze fully the economics of the deal, taking into account market conditions as well as the ultimate profitability of the project given the concessions that he is willing to make. Includes color exhibits.

In 2001, James O'Connell, president of Holyoke Japan, an affiliate of Larson Capital, a distress debt private equity firm, wants to bid on a 90 billion yen loan currently in default by the borrower, Sanjo Enterprises, for a popular wedding and banquet facility with an adjacent office tower in downtown Tokyo. O'Connell has to determine a bidding strategy, consider the competition, and price the deal.

Although inexperienced in real estate, Edward Alexander hopes in June 1999 that youthful enthusiasm and an $80,000 inheritance will help him enter the real estate business. His experience chronicles the process of finding, evaluating, and acquiring a four-unit brownstone in need of renovation in the Beacon Hill area of Boston. The case also identifies the various players in the process. A rewritten version of an earlier case.

A global real estate investment firm is trying to decide whether to enter into a property-derivative transaction to help it effect a change in asset allocation. The market for real estate derivatives is beginning to grow quite rapidly and the firm is trying to understand how to use these instruments in managing its business.

In late 2000, Vincent Lo, a prominent Hong Kong developer was invited by the Deputy Mayor of Chongqing, China to undertake a major redevelopment of the urban core. Lo had previously successfully developed the landmark Xintiandi retail and entertainment district in Shanghai. Lo must decide if the opportunity is the right fit in terms of place, timing, government support, and market demand.

In 2004, Adrian Pandal is seeking financing for a residential conversion of a building in Mexico City's historic center district. He must convince potential lenders that the project is viable and that it makes sense to bet on the future potential of an area that, until recently, has not attracted substantial real estate investment.

In March 2006, Larry English, Director of Program Design and Innovation for Habitat for Humanity International Africa and the Middle East, was reflecting on a large development project in Durbin that had stalled. Notwithstanding global attention led by former President Jimmy Carter, the local capacity to carry out the project was limited. English wondered whether partnerships with private, for-profit real estate companies were plausible, and whether they could be carried out without undermining the mission of Habitat to focus on the very poor.

William J. Poorvu, John H. Vogel Jr., Arthur I Segel and Amy Silverstein

Doral Costa is a proposed 277,803 square foot Class A office park development in Miami, FL. Trammell Crow Co. would like to develop this office park in joint venture with a partner. Samantha Spar, the acquisitions partner at Titan Associates, a large real estate institutional advisory firm, must decide whether to recommend participation in this development to her client, QRS, a public pension fund. Samantha must evaluate this location, the Southern Florida office market, the proposed building design, the lease-up and financial projections, the economic terms of the deal, and the potential partner to make a decision.

Patrimonio Hoy is a program targeting the housing needs of the low-income population by CEMEX, a major Mexican company and a leading global cement producer. Originally conceived as a project to understand the customers in the self-construction segment better, a major component of Mexican home-building concentrated in low-income neighborhoods, Patrimonio Hoy has generated recognition and good will for the company. Its innovative approach reduces significantly the cost and time needed by the poor to improve their housing. Begun in 1998, the program has reached break-even in 2004, with strong prospects of growth in the future. The president of CEMEX North America wonders whether the program should be turned into a major line of business for the company. Provides a good understanding of financing mechanisms available to home builders in Mexico and represents an interesting application of microfinance and product design to open a new market segment based on the needs of low-income customers.

The government of South Korea has chosen John Hynes and Gale International to construct New Songdo City. This is an entirely new city, about the size of Boston, between the new Incheon airport and the capital of Seoul. The proposed city is the government's attempt to create an Asian financial and business center to rival Shanghai and Tokyo. But how to design, market, build, and finance a whole city is up for grabs. Is this the typical developer hubris or can it really work?

It was March 2003 and Chuck Perry was awaiting the arrival of his New York-based business partner, Jonathan Rose. He and Rose had begun Highlands' Garden Village, their latest mixed-use, mixed-income development project. In 1996, they had optioned the unused Elitch Gardens amusement park site and since then had transformed the site into a traditional neighborhood development that was now nearly complete. The amusement park rides had been dismantled and replaced with apartments, homes, and two acres of open space. The project's pro formas were positive and the residential units were fully sold.

In September, 2004, Stephen Lebowitz, President of CBL, a $6 billion publicly traded shopping mall real estate investment trust (REIT) with over 70 million square feet, is considering acquiring 170 acres for a new retail development at a racetrack site in Southern New Hampshire. First, Stephen has to calculate the value of the land to make his bid based on current market conditions and local zoning. Next, Stephen has to consider how the public securities markets will react, good and bad, to a shopping center REIT doing a new development at this time.

Certain key principles govern the landlord-tenant relationship in both commercial and residential settings. Because most property law is state specific, this note provides an overview of how many states would generally analyze a particular situation or relationship.

Summarizes several of the major federal environmental statutes, most notably the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA" or "Superfund"). Also discusses several state and local regulations.

Begins with a brief overview of the bankruptcy process, discussing key debtor protections and the administration of claims against the estate. Discusses the treatment of bankruptcies filed by property owners. Also summarizes the tenant's bankruptcy protections and powers relating to the creditor-landlord. Ends with a brief comparison of international bankruptcy regimes.

The establishment of the principal-agent relationship, the duties owed by the agent to the principal, and the principal's liability for illegal actions or representations made by the agent are all examined. Also covers the creation of partnerships and the duties of partners to one another.

The Torre Almirante office tower, Hines' newest project in Rio de Janeiro, was a 36-story, Class AA office tower with an adjoining 420-stall parking structure and a preserved 14-story historic facade. It was completely different from anything that had previously been built in the city. It was also the first time that a developer took the risk of publicly announcing to the Brazilian business community its intention and commitment to complete such a complex real estate project on schedule. It was an impressive and unprecedented enterprise, but at this stage, the project was enmeshed in some operational complications. Several project designs were not yet ready, and discussions among the different companies involved in the development had intensified in the past weeks. Robert A.M. Stern Architects, the New York-based design architect, was debating with Hines about issues ranging from the glass window specifications to the material for the gold leaf lobby ceiling. Pontual Arquitetura, the local production architect, was concerned about the fire protection system. In addition, Racional, the local general contractor, just pointed out a serious problem in the freight elevator shaft that could force Hines to modify substantial parts of the project and, consequently, trigger a new round of required approvals. Includes color exhibits.

On September 25, 2002, Peter Anderson was due to meet with Morgan Stanley in ten minutes. Anderson had been the finance director of Canary Wharf Group (CWG) since Paul Reichmann and a group of investors had repurchased Canary Wharf in 1995. Anderson had joined Olympia & York in 1989 to finance Canary Wharf and had struggled through the bankruptcy of the project and its parent company, Olympia & York. He had stayed with Reichmann through those difficult years and worked with him to buy back the project from the banks. Largely due to Anderson's ability to raise the capital necessary for Canary Wharf to fund its growth, the project was now universally acclaimed as hugely successful. Anderson had now invested over half his professional life in Canary Wharf and he was anxious to find a solution to the conflicting objectives of the CWG.

In 1984, Mortimer Zuckerman and Ed Linde, through their firm, Boston Properties (BP), acquired land in Concord, MA to build a 147,000-square-foot, first-class suburban office building. BP proceeded to go through the permitting and approval process with the town and was ready to commence construction when in August 1988, the state, after considerable lobbying from historic and environmental groups, delayed the project by requiring an environmental impact statement. Environmental groups from around the country continued to organize against BP's development along with a nearby affordable housing development. While the project was delayed, the real estate market collapsed. But by the spring of 1993, the market was beginning to recover and BP had received all necessary permits. Zuckerman and Linde had to decide whether to proceed with the development or sell to the environmental group opposing them, and if they were to sell, at what price.

In 2003, Lee Stuart was working with the Greater Boston Interfaith Organization to implement an affordable housing initiative in Boston. She and her colleagues faced a number of challenges in transferring the strategy, including whether the strategy was appropriate for the Boston marketplace. The project was at a critical point, and key decisions had to be made regarding project direction. The CD-ROM contains both a paper case and a supplemental multimedia case. The paper case provides essential background and exhibits on Nehemiah. The multimedia case includes video clips from key Boston protagonists profiled in the paper case. Also includes animated exhibits that depict the Nehemiah strategy and illustrate the financial underpinnings of the model.

A developer attempts to get into the elderly housing business. The case reviews the various elderly housing options, how they differ from one another, and how the industry differs from other types of real estate.

Describes the intricate parts of an early real estate deal from the standpoint of the developer including feasibility analysis, market choice, acquisition of land, project development, design and construction issues, investment returns, and equity financing issues. Thirty-two-year-old Dr. Philipp von Wilmowsky is director of Hungarian operations for ECE Projektmanagement, a German real estate development conglomerate. He has been working for two years on the development of a 30,300 square-meter (m2), 75 million Eurodollar shopping project located in the city of Gyor, Hungary. Allows students to analyze the viability and attractiveness of the project and perform calculations on project returns (including co-investor returns), cost analysis, sensitivity analysis, composition of leasing revenues, and loan structuring.

In 2003, Lee Stuart, who had successfully used the Nehemiah Strategy to create thousands of units of affordable housing in the South Bronx, was working with the Greater Boston Interfaith Organization to implement the strategy in Boston. She and her colleagues faced a number of challenges in transferring the strategy, with some questioning whether the strategy was appropriate for the Boston marketplace. The project was at a critical point, and key decisions had to be made regarding project direction. Teaching Purpose: To explore a model of building affordable housing and the challenge of implementing it in different communities.

Holt Lunsford was intrigued by the packet of papers that lay in front of him. The papers comprised a brochure that Lonestar Bank had put together in an effort to sell the Shady Trail Distribution Center in Dallas, Texas. Shady Hill was a five-year-old, 120,000-square-foot distribution warehouse facility located on the west side of Dallas. Lonestar was asking $4 million for the property. It was September 2003 and the Dallas real estate market was plateauing and the capital markets were in disarray. Lunsford had convinced 11 friends to put up $100,000 each in addition to his own $100,000 to acquire one or two troubled properties. Lunsford decided to focus on warehouse properties due to their relatively small size, their strong historical performance, and his relevant experience. He wondered whether Shady Trail would make a good investment.

Covers the evolution of retail real estate in the United States. Specifically covers types of retail centers, such as neighborhood, community, regional, and super-regional as well as the recent phenomenon of the 1990s to 2002 of the growing emergence of value retail, i.e., discount, off-price, and manufacturer outlet retailers.

In February 1998, developers Ted Leonard and Charlie Sexton are attempting to acquire and develop a large multifamily site in Maryland, north of Washington, D.C. They are attempting to win financing and government approvals to develop a new kind of product for the market based on "new urbanism" precepts created by their architect, Andres Duany. They must convince their banker, city officials, and local brokers and contractors that their traditional neighborhood development plan is socially and economically viable.

Starwood Hotels, the world's largest REIT, is interested in acquiring an underperforming hotel in the Pacific Northwest. Steve Goldman, Starwood's VP of acquisitions and development, is wondering how much to pay for the property and how to reposition it.

CBL & Associates is trying to decide whether to go ahead with the development of a 790,000 square-foot power center with retailers such as Home Depot and Barnes & Noble. The costs are such that the developer needs to renegotiate its land acquisition price. Then the project must be presented to its board of directors for approval.

In May 1996, Henry Bower, an asset manager for a real estate adviser, Medcem, has to negotiate the details of a lease after signing a letter of intent with a high technology company, Defentek, Inc. Defentek, Inc. is a fast-growing company with limited net worth that is dependent on the government as a government contractor. Defentek, Inc. would be taking a large block of space in a recently acquired Class A suburban office building outside of Washington, D.C., which has had a history of problem tenants in a problem market that is now somewhat improving. Henry must determine a negotiating strategy and take a position on the various issues raised by the tenant and the tenant's lawyer.