A History of Chile, 1808-2002 - download pdf or read online

Offering an outline of Chilean heritage for the overall reader in addition to the expert, this article employs fundamental and secondary fabrics to research the nation's political, monetary, and social evolution from independence to 2002. in contrast to different works, the quantity examines intensive the newest occasions of Chile's heritage: the diversification of its economic climate, unfold of democratic associations, development of public healthiness, and emergence of a wealthy highbrow tradition. First variation Hb (1996): 0-521-56075-6 First version Pb (1996): 0-521-56827-7

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The poverty of Chile, as well as its earthquakes (Santiago’s worst was in May 1647), delayed the appearance of anything more than the simplest architecture, but by 1800 the capital was endowed with a few respectable buildings. The most respectable, undoubtedly, was the Casa de la Moneda (more simply “La Moneda”), the austerely beautiful neoclassical palace which from 1805 housed the colonial mint and from 1846 the republican president – the Chilean White House. Its Italian architect, Joaqu´ın Toesca, also left his mark on the city with the cathedral (which long remained unfinished) and public buildings (one is still there) on the north side of the main square, the Plaza de Armas.

Respectable amounts of gold were panned (and later mined) in sixteenth-century Chile, but the exhaustion of many deposits (and the loss of others after 1599) forced the settlers to fall back on agriculture and (especially) ranching as their mainstay. This set in motion what we must underline as one of the fundamental processes of Chilean history: the formation of great estates ruled by a land-owning elite and worked by a semi-servile rural population. This theme lies at the heart of the growth of Chilean culture and nationality.

Chapter01 CY399/Collier 16 0 521 82749 3 November 7, 2003 20:23 Char Count= 0 Birth of a nation-state and later Cadiz), annual transatlantic convoys, and a select number of monopoly ports on the American continent. Thus all trade to and from Chile had to be funneled through the Panama isthmus and Peru. As can easily be imagined, the cost of importing goods from Spain was very high. Moreover, the powerful merchant interest of Lima, organized in its Consulado (trading guild), had a decisive hold over the much feebler trading interest in Chile.