Vehicle self-locking differential

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in differential drives of vehicles with possibility of automatic wheel locking. Proposed self-locking differential of vehicle contains drive case accommodating axle-shaft members coupled with axle shafts and provided on outer surface semi-round in cross section screw grooves of opposite hand of helix, solids of revolution in form of balls filling, in chain, closed channels made in drive case and containing working grooves opened to dip ball segments into screws of axle-shaft members, longitudinal bypass channels and side return channels. Inner part of case consists of three parts. On extreme parts working grooves are made with opposite direction of helix relative to each other and to screw grooves of axle-shaft members. Middle part is made with width not exceeding diameter of balls and is furnished with through axial holes corresponding to size of diameter of balls. Angle of tilting of working and screw grooves to longitudinal axis is 74-76°. Side return channels in longitudinal section are made with sizes steplessly increasing from diameter of ball on ends of channels to 1.5 diameter of ball in central part of channels. Longitudinal bypass channels in cross section are made to size of diameter of ball, and inner side of channels is made at angle of 1-2° to center of bypass channel, with stepless transition in place of connection.

EFFECT: improved reliability and efficiency of locking.

4 cl, 3 dwg

The invention relates to vehicles and can be used in differential-drive vehicles made with automatic wheel lock.

Known self-locking differential of the vehicle selected by the applicant as a prototype containing the drive housing, which coaxially to each other posted by related axes half-shaft elements having on the outer surface of the semicircular in cross section of the helical grooves of the opposite direction of the spiral, rolling elements in the form of balls, fill chain is made in the drive case closed channels containing opened for dipping segments of the balls in the helical groove of the half-shaft of the linear working groove, the longitudinal bypass channel and side toroidal return channels. Longitudinal bypass channel is made with a width greater than one and less than two diameters of the ball (see the description of the invention SU # 1507603, from 7.11.87, publ. 15.09.89, UK 17/20, Century-O.A. Lucy).

The disadvantages of the prototype should include low reliability design conventional prefilled auto-disable differential due to insufficient contact area of the surface of the balls in contact with the working surfaces of the grooves and spiral grooves of half-shaft elements, causing large load mashariki.
As a result, the balls, transferring torque from the housing to mixed-flow elements are clamped between themselves and move by sliding (Hughes), which leads to dry friction, intense wear the bottoms of the grooves, increasing the gap between the balls, which, ultimately, leads to reduced life of conventional prefilled auto-disable differential.

Moreover, the shape of the longitudinal bypass channel prototype eliminates effective locking differential. In such a channel whose width is greater than one, but less than two diameters of the ball, rolling elements arranged in a checkerboard pattern. When the movement of the chain of balls, they (balls) respirate (rasklinivanie) in hand, and the friction force them on the walls of the channel increases. This increases the load on the engine, increasing fuel consumption.

The technical objective of the proposed solutions is to increase the reliability of conventional prefilled auto-disable differential of the vehicle and the efficiency of the block.

The problem is solved by performing a known conventional prefilled auto-disable differential of the vehicle containing the drive housing, which coaxially to each other posted by related axes half-shaft elements having on the outer surface of the semicircular in cross section of the helical grooves of the opposite direction SPIRA and,
body rolling into balls and fill chain is made in the drive case closed channels containing opened for dipping segments of the balls in the helical grooves of half-shaft elements working grooves, longitudinal by-pass channels and side return channels, according to the invention, the inner part of the housing consists of three parts, while in the extreme parts of the working groove is screw the opposite direction of the spiral in relation to each other and to the helical grooves of half-shaft elements and the angle of them corresponds to the inclination of the helical grooves of half-shaft elements, and the middle part is made with a width not exceeding the diameter of the balls, and is provided with a through axial hole size the diameter of the balls to send balls of working grooves one extreme part of working in the grooves of the other extreme part of the body.

The angle of workers and helical grooves to the longitudinal axis is 74-76°.

Side return channels in a longitudinal cross-sectional dimensions, gradually increasing the diameter of the ball on the ends of the channels to one and a half ball diameter in the Central part of the channel.

Longitudinal by-pass channels in the transverse cross-sectional size of the diameter of the balls and the inner side is made under the bias of 1-2° to the center of the bypass channel with a smooth transition from the connection.

Implementation of the internal part of the body of three parts, when executed on the extreme parts of the operating screw grooves of the opposite direction of the spiral in relation to each other and to the helical grooves of half-shaft elements with an angle of inclination to the longitudinal axis corresponding to the angle of the spiral grooves of half-shaft elements, and the middle part with a through axial hole size diameter of the balls provides for turning of the vehicle or in the presence of irregularities of the road surface is parallel to the moving balls in the helical working grooves through half-shaft helical grooves items by moving them through the through hole of the middle part of the housing grooves from one extreme side to another extreme part of the body. While the balls screw working grooves and spiral grooves of half-shaft elements are equal distances without interfering with each other. As a result, the force on the balls is reduced and the balls are not already gliding over the grooves, and roll. This improves the lubrication of conventional prefilled auto-disable differential, reduces the wear of the balls and wear on the bottom of the closed channel along its length, which increases the reliability and lifetime of self-locking differential. In addition, the number of balls in the working grooves increases, which increases the efficiency of the block and at the W the power of the engine of the vehicle, you can reduce the dimensions of the balls and differential as a whole.

Performing the inner side of the bypass channels are sloped 1-2° to the center channel with a smooth transition at the junction, and the side of the return channels in longitudinal section with dimensions, gradually increasing the diameter of the ball on the end side of the return channels to one and a half in diameter in the Central part of them, provides backlash-free movement of the balls and the whole ball chain closed-channel device, which enhances reliability and provides a stable, smooth operation self-locking differential. A limited-slip differential works in adverse road conditions at all vehicle speeds and when driving forward and backward. This manageability, and security improve. This makes the car stable and is achievable on any difficult roads.

In addition, when braking smolokurovka device increases the efficiency of the safe braking of the vehicle.

Conducted patent studies have not found a similar technical solutions that allows to draw a conclusion about the novelty and inventive step of the claimed technical solution.

The domestic industry has all the resources (materials, equipment and technology)required to manufacture the inventive conventional prefilled auto-disable is ifferential and its widespread application in vehicles.

figure 2 - scan layout balls in the zone between the working grooves (solid lines) and the helical grooves (dotted line) half-shaft elements;

Fig 3 - scan layout balls in the zone between the screw working grooves and spiral grooves of half-shaft elements (moving chain of balls left to right at the rate of one ball).

A limited-slip differential 1 vehicle comprises a drive housing 2 with lids 3 and 4, which coaxially to each other placed associated with the axes 5 and 6 mixed-flow elements 7 and 8, having on the outer surface, for example, three helical grooves 9 and 10 of the opposite direction of the spiral, rolling elements in the form of balls 11 in size, for example, 20 mm, fill chain 12 is made in the drive case 2 three closed channel 13. Closed channels 13 contain opened for dipping segments of the balls 11 in the screw grooves 9 and 10 half-shafts elements 7 and 8 workers grooves 14, the longitudinal by-pass channels 15 and side water return pipe 16, made in the lids 3 and 4 of the housing 2. The inner part of the housing 2 consists of three parts, at least the parts 17 and 18 workers groove 14 is screw the opposite direction of the spiral in relation to each other and to the helical grooves 9 and 10 half-shafts elements 7 and 8 with the angle 74-76°
to the longitudinal axis corresponding to the angle of the helical grooves 9 and 10 half-shafts elements 7 and 8, and the middle portion 20 is made with a width not exceeding the diameter of the balls 11, and is provided with a through axial holes 20 on the size of the diameter of the balls 11 to transfer them (balls 11) of the working grooves 14 one extreme parts, for example, 17 working in grooves 14 of the other extreme side, for example, 18 of the housing 2. Side return channels 16 in the longitudinal cross-sectional dimensions, gradually increasing the diameter of the ball 11 at the ends of the return channels 16 to half of the diameter of the balls 11 in the Central part of the return channels 16. The cross-section of the longitudinal bypass channel 15 is made on the size of the diameter of the ball 11 and the inner side (bypass channels 15) incline 1-2° to the center of the bypass channel 15 with a smooth transition at the junction.

A limited-slip differential 1 operates as follows. In straight-line motion of the vehicle on a good road torque from the propeller shaft through the main transmission is transmitted to the housing 2 conventional prefilled auto-disable differential 1. Next torque through the balls 11 in contact with the screw working grooves 14 of the housing 2 and the helical grooves 9 and 10 half-shafts elements 7 and 8, is transmitted to the shafts 5 and 6 of the vehicle and then leading the e-wheel,
providing them with the same angular velocity.

When turning the vehicle or contact one of the leading wheels of the vehicle on the rough road (pit or mound) wheel, therefore, the shafts 5 and 6 with pausetime elements 7 and 8 begin to rotate at different angular velocities. While the balls 11 begin to move depending on the direction of rotation in one or the other side of the closed channel 13 on business grooves 14 from one extreme internal parts 17 of the housing 2 to the other extreme parts 18, passing through the through holes 20 in the middle part 19 of the housing 2 and then on return 16 consolidated into 15 channels of the housing 2. As a result of the blocking effect, in which torque through the shafts 5 and 6 is transmitted to both wheels evenly, without impeding the rotation of the vehicle. When driving chains of balls consisting of balls 21 to 41, from left to right (when turning the vehicle to the left) balls 21-41 when moving (rolling) to the step (diameter ball) do the following movement:

the balls 21, 22, 23, 24, 42, 43, 44, 45, located in the left part of the body, by means of screw grooves 10 of the left half-shaft element 8 execute moving (rolling) business grooves down on the arrow in figure 2,

the balls 27, 28, 29, 30 and 47 48 49 50 ahogadas the extreme right of the housing 17,
through helical grooves 9 of the right half-shaft element 7 execute moving (rolling) business grooves up;

- ball 25 from the left side 18 of the housing 2 will move to the middle portion 19 of the housing 2 in place of the ball 26 (see figure 3),

and the ball 26 from the middle part 19 of the housing 2 will be moved to the rightmost part 17 of the housing 2 in place of the ball 27,

the ball 31 will enter into the right of return channel 16,

and the ball 41 will come out of the left recurrent channel 16 and will take the position (location) of the ball 21 in the left side 18 of the housing 2.

instead of the ball 21 will fall ball 41, instead of the ball 43 will fall ball 42,

instead of the ball 52 will fall ball 51, instead of the ball 53 will fall ball 52,

instead of the ball 54 will fall ball 53, instead of the ball 49 will get the ball 48,

instead of the ball 31 will fall ball 30, instead of the ball 32 will get the ball 31,

instead of the ball 33 will fall ball 32, instead of the ball 34 will be a ball 33,

instead of the ball 35 will get the ball 34, instead of the ball 36 will fall ball 35,

instead of the ball 37 will fall ball 36, instead of the ball 38 will fall ball 37,

instead of a ball 39 will fall ball 38, instead of the ball 40 will get the ball 39,

instead of the ball 41 will fall ball 40.

Balls passing through return channels 16, with dimensions, gradually increasing diameter from the ball at the ends of the return channels 16 to half the ball diameter in the Central part of the return channel 16,
freely roll on them, getting into the bypass channel 15, where the availability on the inner side 56 of the bypass channel 15 draft 1-2° to the center of the bypass channel 15 with a smooth transition at the junction provides backlash-free movement of the balls and the whole ball chain in a closed channel of the device.

When you hit any of the drive wheel of the vehicle on a slippery stretch of road there is a sharp decrease of the clutch wheel with the road. Polovoy item 7 or 8, associated with the wheel that is in good contact with the road, trying to move the ball 11 in the closed channel of the housing 12, causing to rotate the other polovoy element, and through him, and the wheel that is on the slippery area. And both wheels start to rotate at the same speed. The car continues to move without slipping.

The applicant made a prototype, which would soon be tested.

1. A limited-slip differential vehicle containing the drive housing, which coaxially to each other posted by related axes half-shaft elements having on the outer surface of the semicircular in cross section of the helical grooves of the opposite direction of the spiral, rolling elements in the form of balls, filling chain is made in the drive case closed Cana is s,
contains opened for dipping segments of the balls in the helical grooves of half-shaft elements working grooves, longitudinal by-pass channels and side return channels, characterized in that the internal part of the body consists of three parts, while in the extreme parts of the working groove is screw the opposite direction of the spiral in relation to each other and to the helical grooves of half-shaft elements and the angle of them corresponds to the angle of inclination of the helical grooves of half-shaft elements, and the middle part is made with a width not exceeding the diameter of the balls, and is provided with a through axial hole size diameter of the balls to send balls of working grooves one extreme part in working grooves of the other extreme part of the body.

2. A limited-slip differential vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of workers and helical grooves to the longitudinal axis is 74-76°.

3. A limited-slip differential vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the side return channels in a longitudinal cross-sectional dimensions, gradually increasing the diameter of the ball on the ends of the channels to one and a half ball diameter in the Central part of the channel.

4. A limited-slip differential vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the longitudinal contour of the s channels in a transverse cross-sectional size of the diameter of the balls,
the inner part is made under the bias of 1-2° to the center of the bypass channel with a smooth transition at the junction.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in differential drives of wheeled vehicles made for automatic locking of wheels. Proposed self-locking differential of vehicle contains drive case 1 accommodating axle shaft-members 4, 5 arranged coaxially to each other and coupled with axle-shafts 2, 3. Said axle-shaft members are provided with helical grooves 6, 7 on outer surface with opposite hand of helix, solids of revolution in form of balls 8 filling in line at least one closed channel 10 made in drive case. Part of said channel is opened to dip segments of balls into helical grooves. Closed channel 10 is made rectangular in longitudinal section, with rounded off outer angles 12. Cross section of legs of rectangular closed channel is equal to diameter of balls 8. Number of balls in channel is odd.

SUBSTANCE: proposed differential contains case 1, side gears 2, and 3, planet pinions and locking device. Locking devices is made in form of ring shifter 7 connected with drive 8, pushers 10 arranged inside axles 9 of planet pinions, intermediate members and locking members. Differential includes also elastic stop, and spring inserts 17 and 18 placed between case 1 and rear surfaces 20 and 21 of side gears 2 and 3. Grooves are made on end face front surfaces of side gears 2 and 3. Said grooves have wavy profile corresponding to profile of locking members, and number of radial grooves is even.

EFFECT: prevention of failure of differential lock caused by wedging of locking members between side gears, and falling out of locking members at unlocking, provision of stepless row of values of locking coefficient.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to increase cross-country capacity and stability of vehicle at braking. Proposed differential lock mechanism contains locking device in form of friction mechanism including two members 1 and 2. Friction mechanism consists of pack of friction disk 3 and steel disks 4, two control pistons 7, air feed head 8 with union 9. Members 1, 2 of clocking device are connected by pairs of gears 10, 11, 12, 13 with axle-shafts 14, 15. Device is furnished additionally with air fed control system consisting of angular velocity pickups 16, 17, electronic control unit 18, electromagnetic control valve 19, relief valve 20, change-over switch 21, connecting air lines and electric wires.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of control of differential locking of multidrive wheeled vehicles and it can be used at designing of systems to control tractive forces of driving wheels of multidrive vehicles and carrying out investigations of wheeled vehicles. proposed method of control of differential locks comes to locking of differential for definite periods of time at threshold values of mismatching of mechanical parameters of driving wheels intercoupled by said differential and unlocking differential at expiration of definite of time or at achievement of threshold value of steerability index. Unlocking of differentials at achievement of threshold value of steerability index is carried out individually, starting from differential whose locking has greater effect on steerability of wheeled vehicle.

EFFECT: enlarged range of control of traction forces on driving wheels to increase cross-country capacity and traction and speed properties at provision of required steerability of multidrive wheeled vehicles.

SUBSTANCE: invention is designed for devices automatically changing gear ratio without interruption of power flow. Proposed drive contains two differentials. Force sensor 5 is installed between input shaft 8 and common input of both differentials, namely power differential 1 and regulating second differential 2. Said force sensor 5 cuts in braking device 4 at rise of load, said braking devices is idling at direct drive and is connected with regulating input of second differential 2. As a result, output gear 21 of second differential 2 starts rotating and self-braking drive 3 releases carrier 25 of power differential 1. Proposed drive automatically changes over from direct drive to drive with changed gear ratio. Moment of changing over can be regulated by tensioner 6 of spring 19 of force sensor.

SUBSTANCE: differential comprises housing (1), cross-shaped or straight shaft (5) of satellites, a number of satellites (4), and gear pair (2) of semiaxles. When gears (2) of semiaxles cooperate with satellites (4) the gear ratio changes at least in two stages. The number of stages is multiple to the number of teeth in satellites (4) and gears (2) of the semiaxles.

SUBSTANCE: proposed differential has case 1 which accommodates coaxially installed axle-shafts of drive wheels, cages 7, 8, driven bushings 3, 4 with splines for connection with drive wheel axle-shafts coaxially installed in cages. Case 1 is made in form of cylindrical bushing on inner surface of which longitudinal wedging cavities for rollers 5, 6 are made. Each roller in each cavity can move along driven bushing from one wedging position into the other. Cages 7, 8 are made in form of hollow cylinders with rectangular holes on surface whose number corresponds to number of longitudinal wedging cavities for rollers. On end face surface of cages 7, 8 at least one slot is made on end face surface of one cage and hole with rigidly fitted-in pin on end face surface of other cage. Pin of one cage gets into slot of other cage forming movable link for angular displacement of cages in relatively opposite directions.

The invention relates to the field of engineering, in particular to driving axles for cars and motorcycles supplied by the differential mechanisms to ensure non-rigid kinematic connection between the two wheels of the axle

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in differential drives of wheeled vehicles made for automatic locking of wheels. Proposed self-locking differential of vehicle contains drive case 1 accommodating axle shaft-members 4, 5 arranged coaxially to each other and coupled with axle-shafts 2, 3. Said axle-shaft members are provided with helical grooves 6, 7 on outer surface with opposite hand of helix, solids of revolution in form of balls 8 filling in line at least one closed channel 10 made in drive case. Part of said channel is opened to dip segments of balls into helical grooves. Closed channel 10 is made rectangular in longitudinal section, with rounded off outer angles 12. Cross section of legs of rectangular closed channel is equal to diameter of balls 8. Number of balls in channel is odd.

SUBSTANCE: proposed driving axle reduction gear without externally controlled lock mechanism includes complex final drive with under drive and differential. Drive installed between each output gear of differential and wheel is made as overdrive, i.e. increasing speed of rotation of driving axle transmitted from differential to wheel.

SUBSTANCE: proposed differential contains case 1, side gears 2, and 3, planet pinions and locking device. Locking devices is made in form of ring shifter 7 connected with drive 8, pushers 10 arranged inside axles 9 of planet pinions, intermediate members and locking members. Differential includes also elastic stop, and spring inserts 17 and 18 placed between case 1 and rear surfaces 20 and 21 of side gears 2 and 3. Grooves are made on end face front surfaces of side gears 2 and 3. Said grooves have wavy profile corresponding to profile of locking members, and number of radial grooves is even.

EFFECT: prevention of failure of differential lock caused by wedging of locking members between side gears, and falling out of locking members at unlocking, provision of stepless row of values of locking coefficient.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to increase cross-country capacity and stability of vehicle at braking. Proposed differential lock mechanism contains locking device in form of friction mechanism including two members 1 and 2. Friction mechanism consists of pack of friction disk 3 and steel disks 4, two control pistons 7, air feed head 8 with union 9. Members 1, 2 of clocking device are connected by pairs of gears 10, 11, 12, 13 with axle-shafts 14, 15. Device is furnished additionally with air fed control system consisting of angular velocity pickups 16, 17, electronic control unit 18, electromagnetic control valve 19, relief valve 20, change-over switch 21, connecting air lines and electric wires.

SUBSTANCE: automatically locking equalizing differential comprises housing made of two members, speeder interposed between the members of the housing, and four satellites mounted on the pins of the speeder. The satellites are connected with two conical pinions mounted on the cylindrical bushings. The cylindrical bushings cooperates with the semiaxles by means of inner slots. The semiaxles are connected with the locking disk and centering springs by means of screw.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used at designing of angle gear drives of drive axles with rigid suspension of wheels, for instance, buses or trolleybuses. Proposed angle gear drive has case 1 with oil reservoir. Driving wheel 7 is installed bearings inside cup 10 rigidly coupled with body. Cover 18 with sealing member 19 is secured on flange of cup 10. Oil deflector 11 is installed between bearings of driving wheel 7 oil collector is made in form of space 14 on inner surface of body 2 and is coupled with through holes in cup 10. Oil holes 21 are symmetrical relative to horizontal plane passing through axle of driving wheel 7 at distance not exceeding inner radius of outer race of front bearing 9 of driving wheel 7.

SUBSTANCE: proposed driving axle has housing, drive shaft, final drive in form of drive pinion and driven gear, differential case central hole fitted on bearings in housing and rigidly connected with driven gear, two driven shafts with screw thread, member movably connecting driven shafts by meshing with screw thread through solids of revolution and passing through central hole of differential case coaxially with case for axial displacement in said hole, and springs. Cavities, for instance, semi-spherical ones, are made in central cylindrical hole of differential case. Connecting member is made in form of cylindrical bushing on outer surface of which longitudinal grooves are made, for instance, with semispherical bottom, parallel to its axis, and on ends of inner surface cavities are made, for instance, semispherical ones. Ends of driven shafts from side of differential case are provided with outer thread and are installed in bushing for rotation. Bushing can be displacement both relative to differential case by means of solids of revolution, for instance, balls installed by one half in cavities of inner cylindrical surface of differential case and by other half, in longitudinal outer grooves of bushing and relative to driven shafts, by means of solids of revolution, for instance, balls installed in cavities of bushing and contacting with thread of driven shafts. Driven shafts are provided with stops to limit travel of bushing along driven shaft made, for instance, in form of beads on shafts and coil springs placed between beads and end faces of bushing. Cavities are made on end faces of driven shafts arranged inside differential case in which solids of revolution, for instance, balls are fitted.

SUBSTANCE: proposed differential lock control system contains fluid medium supply source with reducing 7, three-position distributor 11, two-chamber cylinder consisting of control space A of lock-up clutch 4 formed by its housing and movable partition 34, and additional diaphragm chamber 6 having its control space Б arranged coaxially and in series relative to control space of lock-up clutch 4. Movable partition 34 is connected with pressure disk 29 by means of rod 30 rigidly connected by one end with pressure disk 29. Rod 30 interacts with diaphragm 32 of additional diaphragm chamber 6, and it passes in its middle part through central part of movable partition 34, being rigidly connected with support plate 33 interacting with partition 34. Space Б of additional diaphragm chamber 6 communicates with three-position distributor 11 selectively communicating said spaces with drain main line 14 and reducing regulated valve 7.

EFFECT: increased capacity owing to automatic reduction of locking at cornering of vehicle and decreased skidding of leading wheel.