0. DOCID:7094 SCORE: 0.00427210155117307DOCNO: 7008297OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: epidemiologyQUALIFIER: analysisQUALIFIER: immunologyQUALIFIER: epidemiologyAUTHOR: L Dominioni LAUTHOR: R Dionigi RAUTHOR: M Campani MPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Tumori. COUNTRY: ITALYTITLE: Postoperative infections and variations of complement components in cancer patients.PUBDATE: 19801001
Sequential determinations of C4 and factor B serum levels were performed pre- and postoperatively in 56 cancer patients. Patients who underwent radical mastectomy and excision of melanoma had an incidence of surgical infections of 7% and 15%, respectively, and showed a significant postoperative acute-phase increase of C4 and factor B serum levels. A higher incidence of postoperative infections, mostly Gram negative, was recorded in patients who underwent gastric resection (35%) and colorectal resection (73%); these failed to show an early acute-phase response of complement postoperatively. The results of this study confirm the high susceptibility of cancer patients to postoperative infections. Moreover, the lack of postoperative acute-phase increase of C4 and factor B observed in cancer patients who developed postoperative infections suggests an active role of complement in host defense mechanisms against surgical infections.

1. DOCID:7136 SCORE: 0.00427210140582518DOCNO: 75080OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: CryosurgeryQUALIFIER: surgeryAUTHOR: A A Gage AAPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Comprehensive therapy. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Cryosurgery for cancer.PUBDATE: 19780201
Cryosurgery has a wide range of uses for the destruction of tumours. Acceptability among dermatologists for the treatment of skin cancer appears high. In the treatment of oral cancer, cryosurgery is not yet widely accepted, but it should be more commonly used for early cancer and in the management of selected problems in therapy. It has established a reasonably firm place in the treatment of prostatic cancer, perhaps because of continued interest in the immunologic benefits, while its use in gynecologic organs is limited to carcinoma in situ or to selected patients with advanced cancer. In all these areas, it has been used with surprisingly good results in selected patients who were high risks under conventional methods of therapy. The trial of cryosurgery in the treatment of bone tumors should prove its efficacy. Today's interest in cryosurgery is consistent with the current trend to conservatism in cancer surgery.

2. DOCID:1773 SCORE: 0.00258117119380698DOCNO: 1159922OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: ProstatectomyQUALIFIER: surgeryAUTHOR: F H Schroeder FHAUTHOR: E Belt EPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: The Journal of urology. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Carcinoma of the prostate: a study of 213 patients with stage C tumors treated by total perineal prostatectomy.PUBDATE: 19750801
The effects of age, histological grade and clinical extension of carcinoma of the prostate are analyzed in a series of 213 patients with stage C carcinomas treated by total perineal prostatectomy. Survival data and the incidence of local recurrence, distant metastases and deaths from cancer of the prostate are the parameters used for comparison with 132 stage B patients, 70 patients with seminal vesicle invasion and data from the literature. Long-term survivors in the young age group and some long-term survivors with high grade lesions are good arguments for the possible curability of early stage C carcinoma of the prostate by total prostatectomy. Correct surgical staging of these tumors by previous pelvic lymphadenectomy is mandatory.

3. DOCID:3839 SCORE: 0.00197575557145546DOCNO: 1028554OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: adverse effectsPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Consumer reports. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Estrogen therapy: the dangerous road to Shangri-La.PUBDATE: 19761101
The use of estrogens almost tripled during the 1965-75 period, with usage concentrated as a cure-all for aging, for the degenerative diseases associated with aging, and for the emotional difficulties of middle age. 3 separate studies published in the last year have shown a high level of association between estrogen use and the development of endometrial cancer. Results of these studies coupled with the significant recent increase in the incidence of cancer in women over 50 who are in the high socioeconomic groups--the groups most likely to use estrogen therapy--emphasize the association. The U.S. FDA has proposed a modification in the labeling for estrogens, and a package insert for patients which would warn of possible hazards of estrogen therapy. It is recommended that estrogen be used only for vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy. The lowest possible effective dosage should be used and for the shortest possible amount of time. Earlier studies had suggested that estrogen replacement therapy might protect against breast cancer; most recent studies suggest the opposite. In addition, estrogen may trigger high blood pressure and increase some blood clotting. Women with high blood pressure or a family history of early heart attacks are contraindicated from using estrogen therapy. Even for the treatment of osteoporosis, there may be safer alternative therapies. Women are cautioned as to their own responsibilities when taking estrogens.

4. DOCID:2394 SCORE: 0.00196296897813452DOCNO: 1258933OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: adverse effectsQUALIFIER: chemically inducedAUTHOR: H K Ziel HKAUTHOR: W D Finkle WDPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Association of estrone with the development of endometrial carcinoma.PUBDATE: 19760401
Although few clinicians suspect estrogen as the prime cause of endometrial carcinoma, a retrospective study showed the following among postmenopausal women: 70 per cent of those with endometrial carcinoma and only 23 per cent of matched control subjects used estrogen systemically. Endometrial cancer developed an average of five years earlier in those taking than in those not receiving estrogen. Forty-two per cent of those with endometrial cancer had received estrogen three years or more. Most significantly, conjugated estrogens were used by 89 per cent of postmenopausal cancer patients who had received any estrogenic substance. The increased risk of endometrial cancer for all patients receiving conjugated estrogen (the risk ratio) was 7.4. This risk ratio increased with duration of conjugated estrogen exposure, from 4.6 in patients with less than three years' exposure to 9.2 in patients with three or more years' exposure.

5. DOCID:6892 SCORE: 0.00170947391268785DOCNO: 556273OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: TendonsQUALIFIER: pathologyQUALIFIER: pathologyQUALIFIER: pathologyAUTHOR: T O Ekfors TOAUTHOR: V Rantakokko VPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Pathology, research and practice. COUNTRY: GERMANY, WESTTITLE: Clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses: malignant melanoma of soft tissues? Report of four cases.PUBDATE: 19791201
In a survey of 246 soft tissue sarcomas in the extremities and limb girdles reported to the Finnish Cancer Registry in 1960-1969, two clear cell sarcomas of tendons and aponeurones were diagnosed. We subsequently diagnosed two more examples. Three tumors were located in the foot and one in the wrist. The histology of the tumors was characteristic, and three of them were shown to contain brown pigment tinctorially indistinguishable from melanin. The pigment could be bleached with potassium permanganate. Ultrastructural studies performed in the most recent case revealed premelanosomes in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Increasing evidence in the literature and results of the present study seem to suggest that clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses represents a soft tissue malignant melanoma.

6. DOCID:7606 SCORE: 0.00170757839798162DOCNO: 7281688OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: pathologyAUTHOR: P Hermanek PPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. COUNTRY: AUSTRIATITLE: [Pathology of urological tumours--methods, functions, results (author's transl)]PUBDATE: 19810301
The primary requirement of clinically-oriented tumour pathology is an accurate histological technique. Multiple-step sections are usually required in processing biopsies or lymph nodes. Furthermore, large block sections have proven to be very valuable. The intraoperative examination of frozen sections is of great importance for operations tailored to the specific situation. A new, automated histophotometric method for intraoperative diagnosis--which could be operated by auxiliary staff--is being put to trial at the present time. Basic requirements of modern tumour pathology are exact typing, grading and staging, as well as intensive participation in clinical cancer registration. Tumour pathology not only provides a reliable diagnosis, but also helps in making therapeutic decisions, establishing the prognosis in an individual case and in evaluating therapeutic results. New results of tumour pathology in renal cell cancer, carcinoma of the urinary bladder and testicular tumours form the basis of histology- and stage-oriented cancer treatment in urological tumours.

8. DOCID:7388 SCORE: 0.00141317726849983DOCNO: 418657OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: classificationAUTHOR: S Hainline SAUTHOR: L Myers LAUTHOR: R McLelland RAUTHOR: J Newell JAUTHOR: S Grufferman SAUTHOR: W Shingleton WPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: AJR. American journal of roentgenology. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Mammographic patterns and risk of breast cancer.PUBDATE: 19780601
A study of 171 breast cancer cases matched by age and race to asymptomatic controls was undertaken to check Wolfe's assertion [1, 2] that breast cancer risk depends strongly on the mammographic classifications N1, P1, P2, and DY. The classifications were made blindly relative to all variables, including the case-control factor. Distribution of the four categories among the breast cancer patients in this study was consistent with the distribution found by Wolfe. (P = .46). Our age-standardized risk ratio estimates of the categories, relative to N1, are 1.5 for P1, 2.7 for P2, and 7.2 for DY. While not as striking as Wolfe's estimates, the same monotone trend is evident, and the cases and controls differ significantly with respect to the distributions of the four categories (P less than .01).

10. DOCID:3741 SCORE: 0.00139472377152633DOCNO: 141800OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: surgeryQUALIFIER: etiologyQUALIFIER: etiologyAUTHOR: B Werner BAUTHOR: K Heer KAUTHOR: H Mitschke HAUTHOR: A Knipper AAUTHOR: P Thoran PAUTHOR: K Dahm KPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Zeitschrift für Krebsforschung und klinische Onkologie. Cancer research and clinical oncology. COUNTRY: GERMANY, WESTTITLE: Experimental carcinogenesis in the resected colon of the rat.PUBDATE: 19770501
Until now, carcinoma of the large intestine resected previously for benign disease has not been published. However an increasing number of patients resected for Crohn's disease, diverticulitis or trauma may reach nowadays a high lifespan. On the other hand, it is known that the gastroenteral anastomosis is predisposed to cancer development. In this study, the question of whether the large intestine following colotomy or ileotransversostomy is sensitive to carcinogenesis is examined. Male Wistar rats, subjected to colotomy or resection and ileotransversostomy, were treated weekly by subcutaneous injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (12 mg/kg body weight) for seven weeks. The animals were killed 54 weeks after the first injection. At autopsy, 21 out of 29 operated rats had developed adenocarcinomas of the remaining colon. Intact control animals had the same incidence of malignant degeneration of the large bowel. When the anastomosis is chronically irritated by inflammation or by formation of a diverticulum, development, of carcinoma near the stoma was observed. This was the case in three rats of 28 animals. The results demonstrate that the resected colon of the rat is not more sensitive to experimental carcinogenesis than the intact one.

11. DOCID:3596 SCORE: 0.00139470459691647DOCNO: 1253126OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: Neoplasms, Radiation-InducedQUALIFIER: adverse effectsAUTHOR: N I Berlin NIAUTHOR: L R Wasserman LRPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Cancer. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: The association between systemically administered radioisotopes and subsequent malignant disease.PUBDATE: 19760201
There is a long history recording the association of x radiation and the subsequent development of malignant tumors. For systematically administered isotopes this came into prominence when Martland discovered the association between cancer, particularly of the bone, and ingestion of radioactive isotopes by radium dial painters. This association was amplified by the development of cancer in patients given thorotrast as a contrast medium for diagnostic radiologic examination. Acute leukemia was reported 30 years ago in patients with polycythemia vera treated with 32P. Acute leukemia also occurs in patients with polycythemia vera treated only with phlebotomy or drugs. A controlled study is now underway to provide a more definite answer to question what is the incidence of acute leukemia in patients with polycythemia vera treated by phlebotomy alone, chlorambucil, or 32P. 131I for the treatment of hyperthyroidism probably does not induce cancer, but in the doses used for thyroid cancer there was an increased incidence of neoplasms (12/200 in one study). This was higher than the expected incidence of neoplasms. The doses of radioactive isotopes used currently for diagnostic purposes have not induced cancer, but it is difficult and probably impossible to verify this with absolute certainty.

12. DOCID:7876 SCORE: 0.00112351893369915DOCNO: 7315315OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: pathologyQUALIFIER: pathologyQUALIFIER: pathologyAUTHOR: K Takubo KAUTHOR: S Tsuchiya SAUTHOR: K Fukushi KAUTHOR: A Shirota AAUTHOR: Y Mitomo YPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Acta pathologica japonica. COUNTRY: JAPANTITLE: Dysplasia and reserve cell hyperplasia-like change in human esophagus.PUBDATE: 19811101
The esophagus was totally examined in 264 autopsied cases and 61 operated cases, for a total of 325 cases, to clarify the histogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Epithelial dysplasia of the mucosa was present in 27% and subclinical carcinoma was found in 2.4%. Hyperplasia of the duct of the esophageal gland proper was present in 34% and cysplasia of the ductal epithelium in 3%. Reserve cell hyperplasia-like change of the islet of the ectopic gastric mucosa was found in 4% and reserve cell hyperplasia-like change of the esophagogastric junction zone in 13%. Of the seven cases of microcarcinoma, two showed dysplasia and gradual transition and one presented dysplasia and abrupt transition. Another two were considered to have originated in the ductal epithelium. These findings suggested that they could all be the sites of origin of cancer development.

13. DOCID:6647 SCORE: 0.0011187623806356DOCNO: 459967OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: SunlightQUALIFIER: etiologyQUALIFIER: epidemiologyQUALIFIER: etiologyAUTHOR: M V Viola MVAUTHOR: A Houghton AAUTHOR: E W Munster EWPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Medical hypotheses. COUNTRY: ENGLANDTITLE: Solar cycles and malignant melanoma.PUBDATE: 19790101
There has been a sixfold increase in the incidence of malignant melanoma in the State of Connecticut during the past forty years. Superimposed on a steady incidence rise are cycles of markedly increased incidence rates which follow periods of maximum sunspot activity. We propose that the effect of sunspot cycles on human melanoma occurrence is mediated by modulation of stratospheric ozone and thus indirectly affects UV flux at the earth's surface. This hypothesis would predict a time lag in melanoma incidence cycles, relative to sunspot activity, with increasing distance from polar caps. This appears to be the case. The increase in melanoma incidence related to a given reduction in ozone depletion in this hypothesis, is in great excess of existing models relating anthropogenic ozone depletion and skin cancer.

14. DOCID:7623 SCORE: 0.00111875932523887DOCNO: 6103275OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: etiologyQUALIFIER: metabolismAUTHOR: S Cartwright SPUBTYPE: LetterJOURNALTITLE: Lancet. COUNTRY: ENGLANDTITLE: Breast cancer and the estrogen window.PUBDATE: 19800401
In Dr. Korenman's review (March 29, p. 700) of the estrogen window hypothesis in the etiology of breast cancer, he uses the term "promotor" to describe a process whereby a tissue is rendered more susceptible to a carcinogen through the variable expression of hormones. This individual variability in hormone status is in part normal and in part pathological, both being influenced by a variety of complex agencies. Promotion is generally the term used to describe the series of changes producing morphological abnormalities before the development of a malignant clone. Examples of such promotors are viruses, phorbolesters, and saccharin, any of which could act in the formation of breast cancer. This is not promotion; rather it is the variability present in human biochemistry rendering some cells more likely to admit and retain carcinogens. Such a process would be better described as one aspect of human variability akin to the various metabolic steps involved directly and indirectly in producing reactive electrophiles.