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In A Scandal in Bohemia, Holmes deduces that Watson had gotten very wet lately and that he had "a most clumsy and careless servant girl". When Watson, in amazement, asks how Holmes knows this, Holmes answers:

It is simplicity itself . . . my eyes tell me that on the inside of your left shoe, just where the firelight strikes it, the leather is scored by six almost parallel cuts. Obviously they have been caused by someone who has very carelessly scraped round the edges of the sole in order to remove crusted mud from it. Hence, you see, my double deduction that you had been out in vile weather, and that you had a particularly malignant boot-slitting specimen of the London slavey.

If males are assessing each other’s rank in a dominance hierarchy, they may be determining who has access to a resource, they may be determining who has access to a female, and they may be trying to influence a female’s mate choice.”

“Everyone from back then…is gone, except one last survivor from the beginning…[H]e avoided the fights and canine slashes and the piling up of injuries that ultimately do in a male baboon…He is far from decrepit, and his lifelong tendency towards calmness has deepened with the years.” page 303