The interpretation of Spinoza's theologico-political teaching remains a matter of controversy. Is Spinoza simply addressing contemporary difficulties in The Netherlands of the late 1660s Or is he attempting to solve a more basic and enduring human problem? In this book, it is argued that against the background of contemporary concerns, Spinoza treats the more fundamental natural problem? of reconciling those who live by the dictates of reason? with those who live by the urgings of the passions. Based upon his accounts of theology, human nature, and politics, Spinoza fashions a theocratic or theologico-political solution to the natural problem? by holding that the universal religion? and the democratic liberalism of the treatise share a common purpose. Thus, Spinoza becomes a new Moses.ContentsPt. 1 Philosophy 27Pt. 2 Theology 81Pt. 3 Politics 143Pt. 4 Philosophy Theology, and Politics 187Epilogue: Spinoza: The New Moses 227Selected Bibliography 245Index of Names 251