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PHIL 119:Rationalists (PHIL 219)

Developments in 17th-century continental philosophy. Descartes's views on mind, necessity, and knowledge. Spinoza and Leibniz emphazing their own doctrines and their criticism of their predecessors. Prerequisite: 102.

Last offered: Winter 2013
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum

PHIL 120:Leibniz (PHIL 220)

A polymath, Leibniz invented the calculus independently of Newton and made major contributions to virtually every science, including logic and computer science. In this course, we investigate Leibniz's philosophical system and its metaphysics: that God created the best of all possible worlds; that humans freely choose actions that are nevertheless pre-established; that space and time are idealizations and `imaginary'; and that true, fundamental reality consists of minds.

Last offered: Winter 2018
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum

PHIL 122:Hume (PHIL 222)

(Formerly 120/220; graduate students enroll in 222.) Hume's theoretical philosophy, in particular, skepticism and naturalism, the theory of ideas and belief, space and time, causation and necessity, induction and laws of nature, miracles, a priori reasoning, the external world, and the identity of the self.

| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum

PHIL 124:Topics in Early Modern Philosophy

Philosophical views of the highly influential rationalist philosophers Benedict (or Baruch) Spinoza (1632-1677) and G. W. Leibniz (1646-1716). Topics to be treated include: the nature of God and the question of his providential care for human beings, the concept of substance and its extension, the ontological relation of finite beings to God, the mental and its relation to the corporeal, and the nature of human freedom.

Last offered: Spring 2011
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum

PHIL 125:Kant's First Critique (PHIL 225)

(Graduate students register for 225.) The founding work of Kant's critical philosophy emphasizing his contributions to metaphysics and epistemology. His attempts to limit metaphysics to the objects of experience. Prerequisite: course dealing with systematic issues in metaphysics or epistemology, or with the history of modern philosophy.

PHIL 126B:Kant's Ethical Theory (PHIL 226B)

(Graduate students register for 226B.) Kant's moral philosophy based primarily on the
Groundwork of Metaphysics of Morals, Critique of Practical Reason, and
The Metaphysics of Morals.

| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum

PHIL 127A:Kant's Value Theory (PHIL 227A)

(Graduate students register for 227A.) The role of autonomy, principled rational self-governance, in Kant's account of the norms to which human beings are answerable as moral agents, citizens, empirical inquirers, and religious believers. Relations between moral values (goodness, rightness) and aesthetic values (beauty, sublimity).

Last offered: Autumn 2014
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II, WAY-ER

PHIL 128:Fichte's Ethics (PHIL 228)

(Graduate students register for 228.) The founder of the German Idealist movement who adopted but revised Kant's project of transcendental philosophy basing it on the principle of awareness of free self-activity. The awareness of other selves and of ethical relations to them as a necessary condition for self-awareness. His writings from 1793-98 emphasizing the place of intersubjectivity in his theory of experience.

| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum

PHIL 130:Hegel (PHIL 230)

(Formerly 122/222; graduate students register for 230.) Introduction to Hegel's philosophy, emphasizing his moral and political philosophy, through study of his last major work (1821). May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: course in the history of modern philosophy.

| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
| Repeatable for credit

PHIL 133T:Atheism: Hegel to Heidegger (RELIGST 183)

The radical changes in ideas of God between Hegel and Heidegger, arguing that their questions about theism and atheism are still pertinent today. Texts from Hegel, Feuerbach, Marx, Nietzsche, and Heidegger: on God, history, and the social dimensions of human nature. N.B.: Class size limited. Apply early at tsheehan@stanford.edu.