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1.bauxite: mineral that is the ore from which aluminum is made

2.cacao: a type of tree from which we get cocoa beans

3.Describe and locate the main languages spoken in the Caribbean.: Spanish is spoken in Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. English is also an official language in Puerto Rico. French and Creole are official languages of Haiti. Creole is a blend of European, African, or Caribbean Indian languages. In Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles, many people speak Papamiento. This creole language combines elements of Spanish, Dutch, and Portugese.

4.Describe in detail the environmental problems facing Mexico City.: The motor vehicles and factories release chemicals into the air which result in smog that can burn eyes and throats. People have pumped the wells so heavily that the ground has begun to sink and take the buildings with it.

5.Describe the climate in Central America and the Caribbean.: Tropical wet and dry climates are typical. Temperatures seldom vary more than 10 degrees Fahrenheit between summer and winter. During winter, high pressure generally brings dry weather. A summer rainy season results when low pressure cells begin to move north across the region.

6.Describe the four major issues facing South America today.: 1. loss of the Amazon rainforest because of new farms and ranches
2. soil exhaustion threatens south America's future. Overgrazing and loss of soil nutrients is causing this problem.
3. Political issues also cause conflict. Many South American countries have been involved in border disputes often over areas with valuable resources.
4. Violence is a problem. Terrorism is present in many South American countries, particularly Colombia.

7.Describe the natural resources of the region.: One of the region's greatest natural resources is the warm and sunny climate, which attracts millions of tourists. Fertile soils and rich fishing grounds are also natural resources found in the region.

8.ecotourism: a type of tourism that focuses on guided travel though natural areas and on outdoor activities

9.El nino: ocean and weather patterns in which the Southeastern Pacific Ocean is warmer than usual, affecting regional climates

10.favelas: large slums that surround major cities (in Brazil)

11.How did the Caribbean come to be called the West Indies?: Christopher Columbus thought he had reached islands off the coast of Asia that Europeans called the Indies, and the name stuck.

12.How large is Mexico City?: It is the second largest urban area in the world after Tokyo.

13.Including French Guiana, how many countries are in South America?: 13

14.indigenous: native

15.isthmus: a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas

16.La nina: an ocean and weather pattern that causes the eastern Pacific Ocean to be colder than normal

23.Name the three great river systems in South America.: *Amazon
*Orinoco
*Parana

24.On what legend did the Aztecs found the town Tenochtitlan?: Their god advised them to build where they saw an eagle eating a snake while perched on a cactus.

25.Pampas: wide fertile grasslands in southern South America

26.What are some of the cultural and historical features of Mexico City?: Modern skyscrapers tower over Aztec ruins and Spanish colonial buildings. Mexico City's square is where the center of Tenochtitlan one stood. They have old cathedrals and a palace. Chapultepec Park was once used by Aztec emperors.

27.What are the Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles?: The Greater Antilles include the large islands of Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. They also include the some 700 islands that make up the Bahamas. The Lesser Antilles include more than 20 small island countries and territories. The Greater and Lesser Antilles are the major island groups of the West Indies.

29.What are the main languages spoken in South America?: Spanish, Portugese, Dutch, English, French, Quechua, Guarani, and Portunol

30.What are the major challenges facing Mexico?: Mexico City has too few jobs so many people live in shacks without electricity and running water. Mexico City also suffers from terrible air pollution. Parts of southern Mexico have inadequate schools and poorly developed telephone communication and transportation.

31.What are the problems associated with air pollution?: Factories and cars that release chemicals and toxins into the air cause air pollution.

32.What country is the largest producer of copper in the world?: Chile

34.What did the Portugese establish as the key crop in what is now Brazil?: sugar cane

35.What effects have earthquakes had on the city?: An earthquake in 1985 damaged much of Mexico City. This informed people of the environmental issues. Efforts were launched to save the Metropolitan Cathedral and improve the city's air quality.

36.What environmental hazards are in this region?: This region has volcanoes, earthquakes, hurricanes, and mud slides.

37.What happened to Tenochtitlan when the Spaniards arrived?: The Spaniards destroyed it and built Mexico City on the ruins.

38.What is Colombia famous for?: emeralds

39.What is Mexico's most valuable natural resource?: petroleum

40.What is NAFTA?: North American Free Trade Agreement that lowered tariffs between Canada, Mexico, and the US.

41.What is the Altiplano?: an elevated plain between the two great ranges that the Andes divide into

42.What is the driest region in South America?: Atacama desert of Northern Chile and Southern Peru

43.What is the future of tourism in the region?: Many island leaders see tourism as the great hope for the future economic growth. Tourism takes land that could be used for farming and the jobs are mostly seasonal and have low pay, though. Tourism does bring needed jobs and reduces unemployment.

44.What is the major religion in Mexico?: Roman Catholic

45.What is the population of the Caribbean?: about 36 million people as of 2000

46.What is the world's largest tropical humid climate region?: the Amazon River Basin

47.What is unusual about Mexico's rivers?: There aren't many and there is no major river system.

48.What kind of climate does the Patagonia have?: a semiarid and arid climate

49.What mineral resources are found in this region?: Small gold fields have been discovered throughout Central America. Jamaica has major deposits of bauxite. Cuba and the Dominican Republic produce nickel. Trinidad has oil.

50.What unique advantages did the Spanish have that allowed them to conquer the Aztecs?: muskets, horses, and diseases

51.What was a major motive for Spain to colonize the Americas?: desire for gold and silver

52.What was one result of the Mexican revolution: Mexico gained its independence from Spain.

53.What was the capital city of the ancient Aztec empire?: Tenochtitlan