Since the analog terrestrial standards D/K and I are still commonly in use, and broadcasters need a future-proof solution for their short- and long-term investment, Rohde & Schwarz provides a high-end measurement device that can cover all application areas from R&D to field measurements. This R&S EFA model was created to offer the best performance and the most useful features to test standard D/K and I transmitters under optimal conditions.

To further protect your investment, the unit can be updated by means of options to demodulate and analyze the digital CATV standards DVB-C (option R&S EFA-K21) and ITU-T J.83/B (option R&S EFA K-23) as well as the ATSC/8VSB digital terrestrial standard (option R&S EFA K-22). These unique features make the new EFA family members THE measurement devices for the present and the future!

Characteristics of analog R&S EFA models 78/89

Fully compatible with analog standards, the analog R&S EFA models receive and demodulate most analog TV standards (D/K and I). All key parameters for demodulating the received signal can be automatically or manually selected:

Switchable group delay correction

Switchable synchronous detector (5 different modes)

Demodulation using intercarrier method

Balanced audio outputs

Measurement functions for

vision/sound carrier spacing (level and frequency)

FM sound carrier and pilot deviation

Residual Picture Carrier (RPC) or video modulation depth

Input of any IF frequency with the aid of the R&S EFA-B3 option: frequency range continuously tunable from 5 MHz to 1000 MHz

Features & Benefits

The analog R&S EFA models provide high-precision demodulated baseband signals (vision and sound) for measurements in various applications (TV transmitters, cable headends, coverage measurements, R&D). At the same time, all relevant RF parameters are monitored at high speed and represented in a logical manner (Fig. 13). User-configurable alarm messages permit unattended monitoring of the received signals as well as switchover to alternative links in the event of a failure.

The high-end demodulator version is used for on-site measurements on TV transmitters. This version offers particularly lowdistortion demodulation of the broadcast signal. It is perfectly suited for these types of measurements; its low measurement uncertainty permits optimal alignment as well as permanent quality control of transmitters.

All parameters for the demodulated standard B/G TV channel are displayed on a single screen and can be checked at a glance:

Vision carrier level

Video modulation depth

Sound intercarrier measurements

Vision/sound level ratio

Sound 1 & 2 FM deviation

Pilot decoding

Specifications

In-channel distortion

In-channel distortion is determined by means of a modulated TV signal with a vision carrier (fVC), a colour subcarrier (fSB) and a sound carrier (fSC). Modulation is chosen such that the vision carrier is lowered by 6 dB, the colour subcarrier by 14 dB and the sound carrier by 10 dB relative to the sync pulse level. The level of the intermodulation product is measured at the video output relative to the black-to-white transition of the video signal. Fig. 26 shows the signals involved and the reference level at the RF.

Out-of-channel distortion

The effect of signals outside the received channel is described by the 3rd-order intercept point (TOI). For the EFA family, this parameter is specified on the basis of a three-tone measurement with the following signals: a wanted carrier at the receive frequency f VC and two unwanted carriers 14 MHz and 15 MHz above the receive frequency.

The unwanted frequencies are chosen to be within the bandwidth of the RF preselection but outside the bandwidth of the first IF filter. The effect of out-of-channel interference on the receiver can thus reliably be determined. It is assumed that each of the three signals has a level P = -33 dBm. The level of the intermodulation product ΔIM 1 MHz relative to the wanted carrier is measured (see Fig. 27, measurement at the RF). The 3rd-order intercept point is:

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