• 1908, Ford started selling Model T.
• Model T played a very important role in
development of petrol pumps in USA.
• By 1912, this system had largely given way
to pumps set up on sidewalks by small
entrepreneurs, who bought fuel from a
wholesaler.
• They used nozzles made to fit the opening
of the Model T’s tank, which created an ad
hoc standardization, ensuring that all
nozzles and all fuel tanks were
interoperable.

• Big companies, like the major oil
producers like Texaco and Shell
and Esso—muscled these small
businessmen aside and began the
process of establishing national
chains of gas stations, building the
stand-alone stations we’re now so
familiar with.

• Lesson learnt by oil producers:
more cars that were on the road,
the more oil they could sell—and
the more fuel stations a driver
could find, the more people would
feel comfortable buying that first
car.

• According to the 2007 book “Fill ’Er

Up: The Great American Gas
Station,” between 1909 and 1918,

the number of cars on American roads
increased from 312,000 to 6.2
million.
• Let us compare this evolution with
the current state of play for electric
vehicle chargers.
• One difference is that the auto, even
in its most primitive early 20th
century form, was so vast an
improvement over horse and buggies
that everybody was desperate to buy
one.

â&#x20AC;˘ In the early years, the gas station
industry was racing to keep up
with the rapidly growing auto
industry.
â&#x20AC;˘ The dynamic of the electric
car/recharging industries is almost
the opposite.
â&#x20AC;˘ A lot of people like the idea of
driving
an
environmentally
friendly
vehicle,
but
in
transportation terms, it is not an
absolute necessity.

• Many people—most people—will
likely hold back until they are
convinced the infrastructure is in
place to allow a driver to go
anywhere without running out of
juice.
• Thus, if the electric car industry is
to succeed the way it hopes, the
charging industry has to lead, not
follow.
• A second issue is standardization.

â&#x20AC;¢-

• Tesla claims that its network of 1,359
charging stations “can get you
anywhere you want to go.”
• But in a country with 115,000 gas
stations, that’s not close to being
enough.

• Chris Nelder of the Rocky Mountain
Institute, an expert on the EV

industry, said that most of the other
companies, like Electrify America, a
division of Volkswagen AG, are
building stations that are compatible
with any electric car aside from
Tesla.

• For now at least, it won’t be easy
finding them: Each company has a
different
app
showing
its
locations, so the owner of an EV
has to check five or six apps to
find the nearest station.
• Nelder thinks that the electric
charging industry would be much
better off if it followed the
example of gas stations. The
producer of the gasoline—the oil
companies—wound up being the
retailer as well.

• They had a huge incentive and
plenty of money to create a
national infrastructure.
• When the fuel is electricity, the
producers
are
the
utility
companies.

• If they were allowed to build retail
charging stations—there’s a lot of
resistance within the industry—
their entry into the market would
greatly
accelerate
the
infrastructure
needed
to
“normalize” the electric car.

• The vast majority of trips do not
require any recharging, especially
as battery technology improves.

• That’s true. But it’s also true that
car owners want to know that they
can drive a long distance if they
want to, even if they don’t do it
very often.
• Without that confidence, “range
anxiety,” as it’s called, will
prevent EVs from becoming a
commonplace purchase.

• For all their difference, there is
one crucial similarity between the
rise of gas stations and the coming
evolution of EV stations. A century
ago, the car industry had to have a
national network of gas stations
before it could truly thrive.
• Today, the electric car is in the
same position: Without a national
network of EV charging stations—
stations that any car owner can
use, no matter which brand—
electric cars will never come close
to replacing combustion engines.

PMO

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the
support and outreach programme for
micro, small and medium enterprises in
New Delhi.
• Announcing a series of measures for helping
this sector, Mr Modi said, loans of up to
one crore rupees will now be sanctioned
in 59-minutes.
• The Prime Minister said, that every GST
registered Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprise, MSME, will be given a rebate of
2 percent interest on the amount of a new
loan or incremental loan up to one crore
rupees.

â&#x20AC;˘ Mr. Modi announced that the
government has also decided to
increase interest subvention on
pre and post shipment credit for
exports by MSMEs from 3 per cent
to 5 per cent.
â&#x20AC;˘ Prime Minister said, due to reforms
and landmark decisions of the
Government, doing business in
India has become very easy today
and the recent World Bank's Ease of
Doing Business Ranking, is a proof
of it.

• Mr. Modi added, India has earned
the
status
of
Economic
Powerhouse because of the MSME
sector.
• Finance Minister Arun Jaitley said,
6.5 crore MSME units in India are
providing employment to 11 crore
people.
• He said, India will continue as the
fastest growing economy in the
coming years and size of the
economy will grow further.

World Bank
â&#x20AC;˘ President of World Bank, Jim Yong Kim
today
congratulated
Prime
Minister
Narendra Modi for India's historic rise in
the Ease of Doing Business rankings.
â&#x20AC;˘ In a telephonic call to Mr Modi, the World
Bank President said, it is remarkable that
a nation of over 1.25 billion people has
achieved a rise of 65 ranks in a short
period of four years.

â&#x20AC;˘ The Prime Minister thanked the World Bank
President, for the Bank's continued
guidance and support in India's efforts to
improve ease of doing business.

Vice President's Secretariat
• The Vice President of India, Shri M. Venkaiah
Naidu has welcomed the President of
Botswana's decision to join International
Solar Alliance.
• Appreciating India’s contribution to renewal
energy, the President of Botswana conveyed
the decision to join the International Solar
Alliance.
• This was welcomed as a major step forward
towards building together a sustainable future.

• India and Zimbabwe have signed 6
agreements in various fields
including Mining, Visa waiver,
Broadcasting and Culture.
• India will extend Line of credits of
more than 350 million US Dollars to
Zimbabwe for two power projects
and a drinking water project.
• The Vice President was in Harare on
the second leg of his three-nation
Africa visit to Botswana, Zimbabwe
and Malawi.

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