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3 3. Madeira by Jan-Peter Frahm Madeira is bryologically insofar very interesting, as it harbours (like the other Macaronesian Islands) relics of the bryoflora of the Tertiary of continental Europe. Originated in the Tertiary at various times, these volcanic islands were mainly colonized from Europe. Whereas many species got extinct in Europe during the glaciations of the Quaternary, these elements were able to survive in these islands. So we are faced there with an ancient bryoflora, especially in the laurel forests, amongst other phytogeographic elements, mainly mediterranean species. Madeira is situated about 1000 kms apart from the continent, which is more than the Canary Islans but less than the Azores. This means that it is less humid than the Azores but more humid than the Canary Islands. It is also the most forested island of the Macaronesian Islands, which is the reason the wooded interior is part of the world heritage since The status of the interior of Madeira as a National Park requires a permit to collect. One can apply for collecting and export permits from the director of the Parque Natural de Madeira, Susana Fontinha Six areas of special interest are listed in the Red Data Book of European Bryophytes (Stewart 1995), but large other areas are also very valuable. STEWART, N Red Data Book of European Bryophytes. European Committee for Conservation of Bryophytes, Trondheim, 291 pp. Blockeel, T. L.,1999. New national and regional bryophyte records, 1. Lejeunea canariensis Steph. Madeira.,Journal of Bryology 21: 161. Cardot, J., Mosses of the Azores and Madeira.,8th Ann. Rep. Missouri Bot Garden, 75 Pp. Casas, C., Brugues, M., Cros, R.M., Sergio, C., Cartografia de Briofits Peninsula Iberica i les Illes Balears, Canaries, Acores i Madeira Fasc. I, Barcelona. Casas, C., Brugues, M., Cros, Rosa M., Sergio, C., Bryophyte Cartography Iberian Peninsula, Balearic and Canary Islands, Azores and Madeira, fasc. II mit Karten , Barcelona S. und 50 Karten im Schuber, Oktav Hln. Casas, C., Brugues, M., Cros, R.M., Sergio, C., 1992.Cartografia de Briofits Peninsula Iberica i les Illes Balears, Canaries, Acores i Madeira Fasc. III, Barcelona. Casas, C., M. Brugues, R. M. Cros & C. Sergio,1996,Cartografia de briofits Peninsula Iberica i les Illes Balears, Canaries, Acores i Madeira Fasc. IV: 1-143,Cartografia 4: Fontinha, S. & M. C. Boisselier-Dubayle, Isozyme analysis in Porella (Hepaticae, Porellaceae), from Madeira. XII Simposio de Botanica Criptogamica, Libro de Resumenes pp Fontinha, S., C. Sergio & I. Silva, Algumas novidades para a brioflora das llhas Desertas (Arquipelago da Madeira).,Portugaliae Acta Biologica, Serie B, Sistematica, Ecologia, Biogeografia e Paleontologia 17: Fontinha, S., M. C. Boisselier, Genetic variation and diversification in Porella from Madeira.,XVI. International Botanical Congress-Abstracts Addendum p. 10. St. Louis, MO. Fontinha, S., Dados preliminares sobre o genero Porella (Porellaceae, Hepaticae) na Madeira. Simposio Nacional de Botanica Criptogamica,Resumenes XI: Hedenaes, L.,1992. Notes on Madeiran Pseudotaxipyllum, Brachythecium and Rhynchostegiella species (Bryopsida).,Nova Hedwigia 54:

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