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(1865–1933). The U.S. critic and teacher Irving Babbitt was a leader of the movement in literary criticism known as new humanism, or neohumanism. This conservative movement upheld traditional critical standards and sought to recapture the moral quality of past civilizations.

Born on Aug. 2, 1865, in Dayton, Ohio, Babbitt was educated at Harvard University and at the Sorbonne in Paris. From 1894 he taught French and comparative literature at Harvard. He died in Cambridge, Mass., on July 15, 1933.

A vigorous teacher, lecturer, and essayist, Babbitt was a strong foe of Romanticism and its offshoots, realism and naturalism. Instead, he championed the classical virtues of restraint and moderation. His early followers included T.S. Eliot and George Santayana, who later criticized him; his major opponent was H.L. Mencken.

Babbitt extended his views beyond literary criticism. Literature and the American College (1908) opposes vocational training in education and calls for a return to the study of classical literatures. The New Laokoön (1910) deplores the confusion in the arts created by Romanticism. Rousseau and Romanticism (1919) criticizes the effects of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s thought in the 20th century. Democracy and Leadership (1924) studies social and political problems. On Being Creative (1932) compares the Romantic concept of spontaneity adversely with classic theories of imitation.

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