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It took its name from Otto Marburg. It can be diagnosed in vivo with an MRI scan.[5] If Marburg disease occurs in the form of a single large lesion, it can be radiologically indistinguishable from a brain tumor or abscess. In such cases, craniotomy and biopsy are needed to exclude other pathologies.[6] It is usually lethal, but it has been found to be responsive to Mitoxantrone[7] and Alemtuzumab,[8] and it has also been responsive to autologous stem cell transplantation.[9] Recent evidence shows that Marburg's presents a heterogeneous response to medication, as does standard MS.[10]

Marburg variant of MS is an acute fulminant demyelinating process which in most cases progresses inexorably to death within 1–2 years.[11] However, there are some reports of Marburg MS reaching stability by three years.[12]