0. DOCID:11745 SCORE: 0.00538912490268467DOCNO: 3890524OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: GastroenterologyQUALIFIER: diagnosisQUALIFIER: diagnosisAUTHOR: J M Richter JMAUTHOR: M J Barry MJPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: The American journal of gastroenterology. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Decision analysis for the practicing gastroenterologist. 2. Insights into the efficacy of diagnostic strategies using decision analysis.PUBDATE: 19850601
Decision analysis is a valuable tool for studying diagnostic strategies in gastroenterology. Multiple comprehensive patient management strategies can be compared in hypothetical populations of patients with varying characteristics reflecting real clinical situations which could not be readily empirically studied. Measures of clinical outcome can be compared and cost effectiveness ratios calculated. Analyses of the diagnostic approaches to suspected obstructive jaundice and pancreatic cancer presenting as abdominal pain are discussed as examples. A useful decision analysis combines the best data available in a clinically relevant fashion. Although decision analysis cannot replace empiric research, it helps clarify reasons for the uncertainty so common in clinical practice and provides insight into the diagnostic process that might otherwise be elusive.

2. DOCID:11972 SCORE: 0.00450436760660057DOCNO: 6694544OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: BrachytherapyDESCRIPTOR: Rectal NeoplasmsDESCRIPTOR: Uterine NeoplasmsQUALIFIER: administration & dosageQUALIFIER: radiotherapyQUALIFIER: radiotherapyAUTHOR: N S Androsov NSAUTHOR: I P Melenchuk IPAUTHOR: V L Shpikalov VLPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Meditsinskaia radiologiia. COUNTRY: USSRTITLE: [Interstitial gamma therapy of recurrences and metastases of cancer of the uterus and rectum to the vagina]PUBDATE: 19840101
The authors devised a technique of interstitial radiation therapy for locally disseminated vaginal recurrences and metastases that occur after the use of various therapeutic methods for uterine and rectal cancer. Indications and counterindications to interstitial radiation therapy with 60Co as an independent method or the main therapeutic component in combined or multimodality treatment, were determined. Methods of the topometric and dosimetric planning of treatment, methods of needle administration and fixation by the system of manual afterloading were developed. Interstitial radiation therapy was given to 22 patients with a complete tumor regression in 17 of them. Interstitial radiation therapy is recommended as a method of choice for the therapy of vaginal recurrences and metastases.

3. DOCID:10298 SCORE: 0.0043144898285483DOCNO: 11644130OWNER: KIESTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: AdolescentDESCRIPTOR: Judicial RoleDESCRIPTOR: JurisprudenceDESCRIPTOR: MinorsDESCRIPTOR: ParentsDESCRIPTOR: Public PolicyDESCRIPTOR: ReligionDESCRIPTOR: Treatment RefusalAUTHOR: Carol Levine CPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: The Hastings Center report. COUNTRY: United StatesTITLE: When parents choose prayer over medicine, should courts step in?PUBDATE: 19840201
A brief report is presented on the controversy over parental rights to refusal medical treatment for their children based on religious beliefs. Courts have ordered blood transfusions for children of Jehovah's Witnesses and cancer chemotherapy for a fundamentalist minister's daughter, and Indiana officials are concerned about high rates of maternal and perinatal mortality among Faith Assembly members. The 29 December 1983 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine includes articles by Rita Swan and Nathan A. Talbot, and an editorial by Arnold Relman, discussing the position of Christian Science and the question of government intervention to override parental decisions.

4. DOCID:10036 SCORE: 0.00419797656911744DOCNO: 3986801OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: pathologyQUALIFIER: pathologyAUTHOR: R V Clayman RVAUTHOR: R S Figenshau RSAUTHOR: A Bear AAUTHOR: C Limas CPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Cancer research. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Transplantation of human renal carcinomas into athymic mice.PUBDATE: 19850601
Thirty-one primary human renal carcinomas were transplanted into athymic mice of which ten produced tumors in the mouse host. Only tumors with a nuclear grade of 3 or 4 were successfully transplanted. The nuclear grades of the human tumor and transplant were similar; however, the cellular histology often varied. Patient prognosis appeared to be inversely related to successful tumor transplantation. In the transplant group, the 1-year survival was 30% in contrast to a 1-year survival of 83% among patients with renal cancers of similar stage and grade which did not produce tumors in the mice.

5. DOCID:15037 SCORE: 0.00383009442063473DOCNO: 3572217OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: surgeryQUALIFIER: methodsAUTHOR: H J Shaw HJPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: The Journal of laryngology and otology. COUNTRY: ENGLANDTITLE: A view of partial laryngectomy in the treatment of laryngeal cancer.PUBDATE: 19870201
Attention is drawn to the problems of surgical resection by partial laryngectomy after full therapeutic dosage of telecobalt irradiation. Material is presented from two treatment centres to indicate trends in surgical treatment and the complications experienced. Results will be given which confirm a reasonable expectation of cure and functional conservation by vertical partial laryngectomy for recurrence of glottic cancer after irradiation. The results of treatment of recurrent supraglottic cancer by horizontal partial laryngectomy gave more cause for concern in terms of complications and survival. In conclusion an attempt is made, based on the quoted experience, to define the position of conservation surgery in two centres for laryngeal cancer in the United Kingdom.

6. DOCID:11898 SCORE: 0.00374010179419729DOCNO: 6471392OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: secondaryAUTHOR: S Takashima SAUTHOR: H Saeki HAUTHOR: S Moriwaki SAUTHOR: Y Yamamoto YPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Gan no rinsho. Japan journal of cancer clinics. COUNTRY: JAPANTITLE: [An autopsy case of metastatic thyroid tumor]PUBDATE: 19840701
In a survey of the thyroid glands of 621 patients with terminal malignant tumors, 50 (8.1%) were found to be associated with metastatic tumors. Examination of routine autopsy materials revealed this association in 11 out of 269 cases (4.1%); observations using multiple sections showed in this association 39 of 352 (11.1%) cases. The primary cancer sites most commonly associated with metastasis to the thyroid gland were the breast (8 of 25 cases, 32.0%), the lung (13 of 65. 20.0%), and the esophagus (3 of 16, 18.8%). Morphological observations showed the formation of regional nodules in 13 cases, diffuse infiltration into the whole thyroid gland in 17 and intravascular embolism alone in 20 patients. There changes were inferred to be due to hematogenous metastases.

7. DOCID:9837 SCORE: 0.0037010558996268DOCNO: 7177827OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: complicationsQUALIFIER: etiologyQUALIFIER: surgeryAUTHOR: A Valici AAUTHOR: G Higliori GAUTHOR: J A Inglesakis JAPUBTYPE: Case ReportsPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: La Nouvelle presse médicale. COUNTRY: FRANCETITLE: [Cancer of the kidney with inferior caval thrombus. Value of a temporary caval clip]PUBDATE: 19821001
In renal cancers with malignant thrombus in the inferior vena cava, extension and migration of the thrombus towards the right cardiac cavities may be prevented for a long time by the efferent flow of the hepatic veins acting as a haemodynamic barrier. The authors describe a new technique in which a temporary caval clip is placed in a downstream position without opening the right atrium. After thrombectomy and enlarged nephrectomy the clip is removed and a classical barrier upstreams of the renal veins/vena cava junction is installed.

8. DOCID:11494 SCORE: 0.00368508005471431DOCNO: 6752877OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: therapeutic useQUALIFIER: drug therapyQUALIFIER: therapeutic useAUTHOR: D Buckert DPUBTYPE: Clinical TrialPUBTYPE: Journal ArticlePUBTYPE: Randomized Controlled TrialJOURNALTITLE: La Nouvelle presse médicale. COUNTRY: FRANCETITLE: [Analgesic effects of pirprofen in cancer pain]PUBDATE: 19820801
The analgesic effects of single oral doses of pirprofen (200 and 400 mg), pentazocin (100 mg) and a placebo were compared in a multicentre, double-blind clinical trial involving 168 hospital patients with malignant diseases. Pentazocin 100 mg was as active as, and pirprofen 200 mg more active than the placebo (p less than 0.05). A dose-activity ratio could clearly be demonstrated with pirprofen, showing that the 400 mg dose was more effective than the 200 mg dose (p less than 0.05). The analgesic effect of pirprofen appeared after 30 minutes and was maximum at one or two hours. Owing to the numerous drugs administered to these cancer patients, the side effects of pirprofen could not be evaluated.

9. DOCID:11926 SCORE: 0.0036164464928743DOCNO: 6854971OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: secondaryQUALIFIER: pathologyQUALIFIER: secondaryAUTHOR: T Ito TAUTHOR: Y Kunii YAUTHOR: S Tanaka SAUTHOR: A Sato AAUTHOR: A Misao AAUTHOR: H Kida HAUTHOR: T Kajima TAUTHOR: H Kachi HPUBTYPE: Case ReportsPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Gan no rinsho. Japan journal of cancer clinics. COUNTRY: JAPANTITLE: [A case of metastasis of rectal cancer to the thyroid gland]PUBDATE: 19830401
A 34-year-old male who showed a rectal mass upon irrigoradioscopy was admitted on October 6, 1979. Abdominoperineal amputation of the rectum was performed on October 11. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor was adenocarcinoma of the well differentiated type, s, n0., stage II. The patient received chemotherapy and immunotherapy for 10 months postoperatively. In September 1981, enlargement of the thyroid gland associated with pain was noted and on January 12, 1982 total thyroidectomy was performed. Histologically, a diagnosis of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, which was a metastasis from the rectal cancer, was made. On August 15, 1982, the patient died of generalized metastases.

10. DOCID:15908 SCORE: 0.00356121729575093DOCNO: 3615667OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: DermatoglyphicsQUALIFIER: etiologyAUTHOR: C M Huang CMAUTHOR: M P Mi MPPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Proceedings of the National Science Council, Republic of China. Part B, Life sciences. COUNTRY: TAIWANTITLE: Digital dermal patterns in breast cancer.PUBDATE: 19870401
Fingerprints of 570 breast cancer cases and the same number of matched controls were obtained from the population-based finger print file in Hawaii for studying the association between breast cancer and digital dermal patterns and ridge counts. The results showed that breast cancer patients had a significant excess of radial loops on the left hand. It was also found that the frequency of ulnar loops on the left hand was significantly elevated for premenopausal women with breast cancer, whereas an excess of radial loops on the left hand was observed for the postmenopausal women with breast cancer. No significant difference for the total and absolute ridge counts was found between breast cancer patients and controls.

11. DOCID:9744 SCORE: 0.00337546330188871DOCNO: 7089527OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: epidemiologyQUALIFIER: methodsAUTHOR: G McLatchie GAUTHOR: C McArdle CAUTHOR: T Menzies TPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Scottish medical journal. COUNTRY: SCOTLANDTITLE: Clinical examination as a screening method for breast cancer.PUBDATE: 19820401
A five-year experience of a breast cancer screening clinic in a Scottish urban area is reported. During this period 28 per cent of the female population aged 25 to 70 years was screened by clinical examination alone. The pick-up rate for cancers was 7.8 per 1,000 'well' women examined, and 21 per cent of all patients with cancer were under 40 years old. Clinical examination is an effective and economical method of screening for breast cancer. The establishment of similar clinics to detect breast disease in women of all age groups is recommended.

12. DOCID:14707 SCORE: 0.00336363225697237DOCNO: 2842572OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: bloodQUALIFIER: bloodQUALIFIER: bloodQUALIFIER: bloodQUALIFIER: bloodQUALIFIER: bloodAUTHOR: B N Zyrianov BNAUTHOR: S A Velichko SAAUTHOR: V V Kuznetsov VVAUTHOR: V S Siianov VSPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Meditsinskaia radiologiia. COUNTRY: USSRTITLE: [Main indicators of hormonal status in lung diseases]PUBDATE: 19880801
A radioimmunoassay was used in vitro in the blood serum of 156 lung cancer patients, 21 patients with benign pulmonary tumors and 100 patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases to study the levels of 9 hormones reflecting function of the major links of endocrine regulation. The most important feature of pulmonary tumor growth was the activation of the hypophyseal-adrenal system. Endocrine shifts in lung cancer and in chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases were similar in nature. Of the entire spectrum of hormones the importance of ACTH, cortisol, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone was emphasized in differential diagnosis of lung cancer.

13. DOCID:15021 SCORE: 0.00317580370077577DOCNO: 3313725OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: complicationsAUTHOR: D H Kennedy DHAFFILIATION: Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow.PUBTYPE: Journal ArticlePUBTYPE: ReviewJOURNALTITLE: Scottish medical journal. COUNTRY: SCOTLANDTITLE: Clinical manifestations of HIV infections.PUBDATE: 19870801
The wide clinical spectrum of HIV infection is reflected in the new CDC classification. Presentations range from acute infection, asymptomatic carriage and persistent lymphadenopathy through constitutional upset and neurological disease to the opportunistic infections and cancers of AIDS. AIDS is an enigmatic disease which presents special clinical diagnostic and management problems. Although any system may be affected the lungs and the brain are the most important target organs. Though the underlying disease is currently untreatable, many of the complications of AIDS are amenable to prompt therapy. Seropositive patients should be monitored to detect early signs of significant HIV disease. Skilled counselling about the avoidance of co-factors which may potentiate HIV infection, is important.

14. DOCID:13112 SCORE: 0.00311956571559289DOCNO: 3308043OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: Decision TheoryQUALIFIER: prevention & controlAUTHOR: J R Feussner JRAUTHOR: D L Simel DLAUTHOR: D B Matchar DBAFFILIATION: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.PUBTYPE: Journal ArticlePUBTYPE: ReviewJOURNALTITLE: Clinics in geriatric medicine. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Quantitative approaches to clinical diagnosis of cancer in elderly patients.PUBDATE: 19870801
Recommendations for cancer detection in the elderly are based on even less evidence of efficacy than are recommendations for the general adult population. In this article, we present some quantitative measures of test performance--operating characteristics, effectiveness and cost effectiveness/cost benefit--and show examples of how to use these measures to adjust diagnostic strategies for factors especially relevant to the elderly.