Software redundancy

The scope, complexity, and pervasiveness of computer-based and controlled
systems continue to increase dramatically. The consequences of these sys-
tems failing can range from the mildly annoying to catastrophic, with serious
injury occurring or lives lost, human-made and natural systems destroyed,
security breached, businesses failed, or opportunities lost. As software
assumes more of the responsibility of providing functionality and control in
systems, it becomes more complex and more significant to the overall system
performance and dependability...

This chapter advocates six principles that characterize various approaches and techniques for analysis and testing: sensitivity, redundancy, restriction, partition, visibility, and feedback. Some of these principles, such as partition, visibility, and feedback, are quite general in engineering.

This paper presents an algorithm for solving the inverse dynamics problem of redundant manipulators using MAPLE software. The method has the advantage of generating efficient symbolic solutions which reduces the computational cost. The influence of trajectories on the joint torques of redundant manipulators is considered.

The medium of exchange function is redundant because the auction generates the real
rates of exchange between all goods. Problems associated with real world barter, such
as the double coincidence of wants, do not arise in a time-0 auction so the medium of
exchange function of money is not required to solve them. In the real world money is
an innovation that reduces risk and increases the choice, trade and production sets of
agents. The Arrow- Debreu auction in a world of complete markets circumvents these
challenges of the real world obviating the need for money. Goods buy goods in...

Some DoS attacks can be avoided by applying vendor patches to affected software. For
example, many vendors have patched their IP implementations to prevent intruders from
taking advantage of the IP reassembly bugs. A few DoS attacks cannot be stopped, but their
scope of affected areas can be constrained.

Gaia is Check Point's next generation operating system for security applications. In Greek mythology, Gaia
is the mother of all, representing closely integrated parts to form a single, efficient system. The Gaia
Operating System supports the full portfolio of Check Point Software Blades, Gateway and Security
Management products.
Gaia is a single, unified network security Operating System that combines the best of Check Point's
SecurePlatform operating system, and IPSO, the operating system from appliance security products....

Many software projects fail unnecessarily because of unclear objectives, redundant and unproductive work, cost overruns, and a host of other avoidable process problems. In response, agile processes and lightweight tooling have begun to replace traditional engineering processes throughout the development lifecycle.
Agile ALM is a guide for Java developers who want to integrate flexible agile practices and lightweight tooling along all phases of the software development process.

Oracle Exadata Database Machine provides extreme performance for both data warehousing and
OLTP applications, making it the ideal platform for consolidating on private clouds. It is a
complete package of servers, storage, networking, and software that is massively scalable, secure,
and redundant. With Oracle Exadata, customers can reduce IT costs through consolidation, store
up to ten times more data, improve performance of all applications, deliver a faster time-to-
market by eliminating systems integration trial and error, and make better business decisions in
real time.

Tech Tips Top His List
The First Quarter 2004 issue of
Packet® was excellent with its coverage
of security, IOS®, high availability,
etc. I read with particular
interest of the AutoSecure feature
in Cisco IOS Software Release 12.3
Mainline. But all the information is
very helpful to us because we’re
installing a Cisco infrastructure at
our facilities. I am familiar with Hot
Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)
and Virtual Router Redundancy
Protocol (VRRP) but was not familiar
with Gateway Load Balancing
Protocol (GLBP) until now.

The Need for Gateway Clusters
Gateways and VPN connections are business critical devices. The failure of a Security Gateway or VPN connection can result in the loss of active connections and access to critical data. The gateway between the organization and the world must remain open under all circumstances.
ClusterXL Gateway Cluster Solution
A ClusterXL cluster is a group of identical Check Point Security Gateways connected in such a way that if one fails, another immediately takes its place.

Peer-to-peer systems and applications are distributed systems
without any centralized control or hierarchical organization, in
which each node runs software with equivalent functionality.
A review of the features of recent peer-to-peer applications
yields a long list: redundant storage, permanence, selection of
nearby servers, anonymity, search, authentication, and hierarchical
naming. Despite this rich set of features, the core operation
in most peer-to-peer systems is efficient location of data
items.

Real Application Clusters (RAC) comprises several Oracle instances running on
multiple clustered computers, which communicate with each other by means of a
so-called interconnect. RAC uses cluster software to access a shared database that
resides on shared disk. RAC combines the processing power of these multiple
interconnected computers to provide system redundancy, near linear scalability, and
high availability. RAC also offers significant advantages for both OLTP and data
warehouse systems and all systems and applications can efficiently exploit clustered
environments. ...

Object-oriented programming allows you to derive new classes from existing classes. This is called inheritance. Inheritance is an important and powerful feature in Java for reusing software. Suppose you are to define classes to model circles, rectangles, and triangles. These classes have many common features. What is the best way to design these classes so to avoid redundancy and make the system easy to comprehend and easy to maintain? The answer is to use inheritance.

This paper presents an improved method based on the jacobian matrix and the error feedback. By using this method, the accuracy of the solution of inverse kinematics for the vehicle-manipulator system is improved. In addition, one of the advantages of a redundant system is exploited to avoid impact on joint limitations. Numerical simulations in software Matlab are carried out to verify the efficiencies of the proposed method.