November

Autumn is fading and winter starts to take hold, leading to beautiful misty mornings. Acorns and other nuts litter the woodland floor. Many migratory birds have headed off while others start to arrive from the continent, making the North York Moors their home for the winter.

Our tip

Leaping salmon, now it's time for the annual salmon and trout runs as they return from the North Sea to the rivers of their birth, heading to their breeding grounds to spawn. The river Esk is one of only a few rivers in Yorkshire that supports salmon. Females lay eggs in gravel bedded streams and the male fish fertilise them. The fittest fish can leap an incredible 3 metres to negotiate waterfalls and rapids on their journey upstream. In some places specially designed fish ladders have been put in to help them climb up weirs. Salmon Leap point on the river Esk in Sleights is a good place to see salmon launching from the water to breach the weir, when the water is running fast and high.

Also look out for:

Grey seals come ashore and can be seen from the clifftops giving birth to their pups in November. Around half of the world’s grey seals live in UK waters, and many are found breeding on the National Park coast every winter. It may seem odd to be breeding in the harsh conditions at this time of year, but the cow seals are in an excellent condition after a rich summer's feedings. The pups will be weaned on fat-rich milk for a month by their mothers before heading out to sea with the colony. Like the common seals earlier in the year, a good place to spot one of our largest mammals is at Ravenscar. Brace yourself for a chilly breeze and enjoy the sight of the gorgeous pups and their soft white coats while you can. Take care not to disturb this small colony.

Stoats in northerly climes moult their russet summer coats, and take on pure white ermine fur now for winter camouflage. Though snows are less frequent, this winter change is hardwired into the stoat’s nature. Seeing a pure white stoat bounding across the ground on the hunt for rabbits and voles is a striking sight. They’re so quick you won’t see them for long! Stoats will make their home in the many hedges and drystone walls found throughout the North York Moors but the ones found in Mount Grace Priory are the most famous. The priory is open at weekends over winter and is a good place to start.

Acorns which rain down from mighty oak trees, before being eaten and dispersed by hungry squirrels and jays. Jays are in the habit of burying stores of acorns, their favourite foodstuff. A single jay can bury thousands of them in a single season. They have an extraordinary facility for remembering where they’ve left them, even digging through a foot of snow in the winter to retrieve them. But inevitably some of their acorn caches go forgotten and eventually sprout into oak trees. For that reason jays are one of the prime agents in the survival and spread of oakwoods.

Horse chestnut trees laden with conkers. Collect these shiny jewels in their spiky cases, and leave the rest for deer.

Unusual fungus Plicatura crispa, which grows prolifically in deciduous woodlands here, including Gilling Wood. Appearing on dead or dying wood, it resembles many miniature bracket fungi in clusters, but has wrinkles, not gills or pores on the underside. More commonly reported in Scotland, it’s very unusual to see it thriving this far south in the UK.

Walk of the month

Get a birds-eye view of gorgeous Harwood Dale from the escarpment edge on a circular walk that starts and finishes in Broxa Forest and follows mostly good stone and gravel tracks, good for this time of the year. Tree-felling has opened up the views on the first part of the walk, and you really feel on top of the world as the path swings round the scarp edge.

Yorkshire Coast Nature tips

On the east coast of England we are lucky enough to experience the wonderful arrival of hundreds of thousands of migrant birds from Northern Europe each autumn.

On 18 and 19 October 2017 many thousands of thrushes and starlings arrived from Scandinavia and Russia up and down the Yorkshire coastline.

An incredible 12,000 redwing were counted at Spurn on 19 October. They may now be making their way into your garden or whistling over your town at night.

October 2017 has also been noteworthy for an almost unprecedented influx of Europe’s largest finch the magnificent hawfinch. These birds are normally rare in Yorkshire during the winter but many have made landfall in October and are now busy making their way into our woodlands. They can turn up anywhere even on your garden feeder!

This bird was caught and ringed by Flamborough Bird Observatory staff on 10 October.

Hawfinches are birds of the tree canopy feeding high up on seeds before they drop to the ground. Their favourite food is cherry, holly, beech seed, ash ‘keys’, hornbeam, elm, yew and hawthorn. Their massive bill and neck muscles can exert pressure equivalent to 150 pounds per square inch.

Alongside hawfinches there have been many ring ouzels arriving. Our breeding ring ouzels on the North York Moors National Park have already left to winter in North Africa; the new birds arriving on the east coast however originate from Scandinavia. They may well be on their way to meet our Yorkshire breeding birds in Morocco!

Our redwings and fieldfares will be with us all winter and maybe even the newly arrived hawfinches but keep a keen eye out for ring ouzels in November, it may be your last chance, before our local birds return in March 2018.

On a much bigger scale, late October and November is a great time to see wild Arctic swans migrating south after finishing their breeding season in Iceland or further east in Russia. Whooper swans, and more rarely the smaller Bewick’s swan, pass through our region and occasionally stop off to ‘refuel near our lakes. They can also turn up in random open arable fields where they take a shine to any fresh green vegetation. It can be an awesome sight as these huge elegant birds move overhead.