Verb meaning

Verb meaning

The 80 ValPaL verb meanings are comparison meanings that were chosen for representativeness and comparability.

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Microroles

Microrole

A microrole is the semantic role of an argument of an individual verb, e.g. the 'breaker' of a 'break' event.

, Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Derived Coding frames

Derived coding frame

A derived coding frame is a coding frame of a verb that is derived from the basic verb, by way of an alternation.