In recent years there have been great advances in the development of new nanomaterials. To facilitate the progress of new materials it is essential to understand the underlying principles at the nanoscale. Nanoscopic Materials provides an accessible overview of the physico-chemical and physical principles of nanomaterials including electronic structure, magnetic properties, thermodynamics of size dependence and phase transitions and dynamics of clusters and two-dimensional systems. This new edition has been fully revised and updated to reflect recent developments in new nanomaterials including graphene and core–shell structures, properties of nano-structured and intelligent surfaces as well as applications in catalysis and energy. Additional chapters cover the development of nucleation and crystal shape engineering; self-assembly and biomimetics for fabricating nanostructures. With helpful illustrations and summaries of key points in every chapter, this advanced textbook is ideal for graduate students of chemistry and materials science and researchers new to the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry summarizes current, fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, bringing readers the latest developments. As the chemical and physical properties and processes at solid and liquid interfaces are the scientific basis of so many technologies which enhance our lives and create new opportunities, its important to highlight how these technologies enable the design and optimization of functional materials for heterogeneous and electro-catalysts in food production, pollution control, energy conversion and storage, medical applications requiring biocompatibility, drug delivery, and more. This book provides an interdisciplinary view that lies at the intersection of these three related fields. Presents fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, surface science and electrochemistry and provides cutting-edge research from academics and practitioners across various fields and global regions

The second edition of this book on nanomagnetism presents the basics and latest studies of low-dimensional magnetic nano-objects. It highlights the intriguing properties of nanomagnetic objects, such as thin films, nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, nanodisks and nanorings as well as novel phenomena like spin currents. It also describes how nanomagnetism was an important factor in the rapid evolution of high-density magnetic recording and is developing into a decisive element of spintronics. Further, it presents a number of biomedical applications. With exercises and solutions, it serves as a graduate textbook.

The ability to measure and manipulate matter on the nanometer level is making possible a new generation of materials with enhanced mechanical, optical, transport and magnetic properties. This important book summarises key developments in nanotechnology and their impact on the processing of metals, polymers, composites and ceramics. After a brief introduction, a number of chapters discuss the practical issues involved in the commercial production and use of nanomaterials. Other chapters review ways of nanoengineering steel, aluminium and titanium alloys. Elsewhere the book discusses the use of nanoengineered metal hydrides to store hydrogen as an energy source, and the development of nanopolymers for batteries and other energy storage devices. Other chapters discuss the use of nanotechnology to enhance the toughness of ceramics, the production of synthetic versions of natural materials such as bone, and the development of nanocomposites. Nanostructure control of materials is an ideal introduction to the ways nanotechnology is being used to create new materials for industry. It will be welcomed by R&D managers in such sectors as automotive engineering as well as academics working in this exciting area. Reviews key developments in nanotechnology and their impact on various materials Edited by leading experts in the field

In the last decade, numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of alternative pathways to nucleation and crystallisation that oppose the classical view. Such proposed scenarios include multistage reactions proceeding via various precursor species and/or intermediate phases. The aim of this book is to review and discuss these recent advances in our understanding of the early stages of mineralisation through a series of contributions that address both experimental and theoretical studies about the formation and nature of initial precursor species (e.g., prenucleation clusters, dense liquid phases, amorphous nanoparticles, etc.) as well as their transformations leading to the stable mineral phase. Several chapters are devoted to cutting-edge analytical techniques used for investigating the above processes in situ, in real time and at conditions relevant to both natural and industrial processes. At the end of the book, the editors summarize the key questions that still need to be addressed in order to establish a complete picture of the nucleation and growth processes involved during the formation of minerals

Nanoscience is not physics, chemistry, engineering or biology. It is all of them, and it is time for a text that integrates the disciplines. This is such a text, aimed at advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in the sciences. The consequences of smallness and quantum behaviour are well known and described Richard Feynman's visionary essay 'There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom' (which is reproduced in this book). Another, critical, but thus far neglected, aspect of nanoscience is the complexity of nanostructures. Hundreds, thousands or hundreds of thousands of atoms make up systems that are complex enough to show what is fashionably called 'emergent behaviour'. Quite new phenomena arise from rare configurations of the system. Examples are the Kramer's theory of reactions (Chapter 3), the Marcus theory of electron transfer (Chapter 8), and enzyme catalysis, molecular motors, and fluctuations in gene expression and splicing, all covered in the final Chapter on Nanobiology. The book is divided into three parts. Part I (The Basics) is a self-contained introduction to quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics and chemical kinetics, calling on no more than basic college calculus. A conceptual approach and an array of examples and conceptual problems will allow even those without the mathematical tools to grasp much of what is important. Part II (The Tools) covers microscopy, single molecule manipulation and measurement, nanofabrication and self-assembly. Part III (Applications) covers electrons in nanostructures, molecular electronics, nano-materials and nanobiology. Each chapter starts with a survey of the required basics, but ends by making contact with current research literature.

Electrochemistry plays a key role in a broad range of research and applied areas including the exploration of new inorganic and organic compounds, biochemical and biological systems, corrosion, energy applications involving fuel cells and solar cells, and nanoscale investigations. The Handbook of Electrochemistry serves as a source of electrochemical information, providing details of experimental considerations, representative calculations, and illustrations of the possibilities available in electrochemical experimentation. The book is divided into five parts: Fundamentals, Laboratory Practical, Techniques, Applications, and Data. The first section covers the fundamentals of electrochemistry which are essential for everyone working in the field, presenting an overview of electrochemical conventions, terminology, fundamental equations, and electrochemical cells, experiments, literature, textbooks, and specialized books. Part 2 focuses on the different laboratory aspects of electrochemistry which is followed by a review of the various electrochemical techniques ranging from classical experiments to scanning electrochemical microscopy, electrogenerated chemiluminesence and spectroelectrochemistry. Applications of electrochemistry include electrode kinetic determinations, unique aspects of metal deposition, and electrochemistry in small places and at novel interfaces and these are detailed in Part 4. The remaining three chapters provide useful electrochemical data and information involving electrode potentials, diffusion coefficients, and methods used in measuring liquid junction potentials. * serves as a source of electrochemical information * includes useful electrochemical data and information involving electrode potentials, diffusion coefficients, and methods used in measuring liquid junction potentials * reviews electrochemical techniques (incl. scanning electrochemical microscopy, electrogenerated chemiluminesence and spectroelectrochemistry)

This, the corrected second printing of Jackson’s authoritative volume on the subject, provides a comprehensive treatment of established micro and nanofabrication techniques. It addresses the needs of practicing manufacturing engineers by applying established and research laboratory manufacturing techniques to a wide variety of materials. Nanofabrication and nanotechnology present a great challenge to engineers and researchers as they manipulate atoms and molecules to produce single artifacts and submicron components and systems. The book provides up-to-date information on a number of subjects of interest to engineers who are seeking more knowledge of how nano and micro devices are designed and fabricated. They will learn about manufacturing and fabrication techniques at the micro and nanoscales; using bulk and surface micromachining techniques, and LiGA, and deep x-ray lithography to manufacture semiconductors. Also covered are subjects including producing master molds with micromachining, the deposition of thin films, pulsed water drop machining, and nanomachining.

Unique interdisciplinary approach enables readers to overcome complex design challenges Integrating concepts from chemistry, physics, materials science, metallurgy, and ceramics, Principles of Inorganic Materials Design, Second Edition offers a unique interdisciplinary approach that enables readers to grasp the complexities of inorganic materials. The book provides a solid foundation in the principles underlying the design of inorganic materials and then offers the guidance and tools needed to create specific materials with desired macroscopic properties. Principles of Inorganic Materials Design, Second Edition begins with an introduction to structure at the microscopic level and then progresses to smaller-length scales. Next, the authors explore both phenomenological and atomistic-level descriptions of transport properties, the metal?nonmetal transition, magnetic and dielectric properties, optical properties, and mechanical properties. Lastly, the book covers phase equilibria, synthesis, and nanomaterials. Special features include: Introduction to the CALPHAD method, an important, but often overlooked topic More worked examples and new end-of-chapter problems to help ensure mastery of the concepts Extensive references to the literature for more in-depth coverage of particular topics Biographies introducing twentieth-century pioneers in the field of inorganic materials science This Second Edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, incorporating the latest findings and featuring expanded discussions of such key topics as microstructural aspects, density functional theory, dielectric properties, mechanical properties, and nanomaterials. Armed with this text, students and researchers in inorganic and physical chemistry, physics, materials science, and engineering will be equipped to overcome today's complex design challenges. This textbook is recommended for senior-level undergraduate and graduate course work.

Features twenty-five chapter contributions from an international array of distinguished academics based in Asia, Eastern and Western Europe, Russia, and the USA. This multi-author contributed volume provides an up-to-date and authoritative overview of cutting-edge themes involving the thermal analysis, applied solid-state physics, micro- and nano-crystallinity of selected solids and their macro- and microscopic thermal properties. Distinctive chapters featured in the book include, among others, calorimetry time scales from days to microseconds, glass transition phenomena, kinetics of non-isothermal processes, thermal inertia and temperature gradients, thermodynamics of nanomaterials, self-organization, significance of temperature and entropy. Advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers working in the field of thermal analysis, thermophysical measurements and calorimetry will find this contributed volume invaluable. This is the third volume of the triptych volumes on thermal behaviour of materials; the previous two receiving thousand of downloads guaranteeing their worldwide impact.

Martin Fleischmann was truly one of the ‘fathers’ of modern electrochemistry having made major contributions to diverse topics within electrochemical science and technology. These include the theory and practice of voltammetry and in situ spectroscopic techniques, instrumentation, electrochemical phase formation, corrosion, electrochemical engineering, electrosynthesis and cold fusion. While intended to honour the memory of Martin Fleischmann, Developments in Electrochemistry is neither a biography nor a history of his contributions. Rather, the book is a series of critical reviews of topics in electrochemical science associated with Martin Fleischmann but remaining important today. The authors are all scientists with outstanding international reputations who have made their own contribution to their topic; most have also worked with Martin Fleischmann and benefitted from his guidance. Each of the 19 chapters within this volume begin with an outline of Martin Fleischmann’s contribution to the topic, followed by examples of research, established applications and prospects for future developments. The book is of interest to both students and experienced workers in universities and industry who are active in developing electrochemical science.

The suspension dosage form has long been used for poorly soluble active ingre- ents for various therapeutic indications. Development of stable suspensions over the shelf life of the drug product continues to be a challenge on many fronts. A good understanding of the fundamentals of disperse systems is essential in the development of a suitable pharmaceutical suspension. The development of a s- pension dosage form follows a very complicated path. The selection of the proper excipients (surfactants, viscosity imparting agents etc.) is important. The particle size distribution in the finished drug product dosage form is a critical parameter that significantly impacts the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the product. Appropriate analytical methodologies and instruments (chromatographs, visco- ters, particle size analyzers, etc.) must be utilized to properly characterize the s- pension formulation. The development process continues with a successful scale-up of the manufacturing process. Regulatory agencies around the world require cli- cal trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the drug product. All of this devel- ment work should culminate into a regulatory filing in accordance with the regulatory guidelines. Pharmaceutical Suspensions, From Formulation Development to Manufacturing, in its organization, follows the development approach used widely in the pharmaceutical industry. The primary focus of this book is on the classical disperse system – poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients s- pended in a suitable vehicle.

This book gives an overview of nanostructures and nanomaterials applied in the fields of energy and organic electronics. It combines the knowledge from advanced deposition and processing methods of nanomaterials such as laser-based growth and nanopatterning and state-of-the-art characterization techniques with special emphasis on the optical, electrical, morphological, surface and mechanical properties. Furthermore it contains theoretical and experimental aspects for different types of nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanotubes and thin films for organic electronics applications. The international group of authors specifically chosen for their distinguished expertise belong to the academic and industrial world in order to provide a broader perspective. The authors take an interdisciplinary approach of physics, chemistry, engineering, materials science and nanotechnology. It appeals to researchers and graduate students.

Biological processes in any living organism are based on selective interactions be tween particular biomolecules. In most cases, these interactions involve and are driven by proteins, which are the main conductors of any life process within the organism. The physical nature of these interactions is still not well known. This book presents an entirely new approach to analysis of biomolecular in teractions, in particular protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, based on the assumption that these interactions are electromagnetic in nature. This new ap proach is the basis of the Resonant Recognition Model (RRM), which was devel oped over the last 15 years. Certain periodicities within the distribution of energies of delocalised electrons along a protein molecule are crucial to the protein's biological function, i.e. inter action with its target. If protein conductivity were introduced, then charges mov ing through the protein backbone might produce electromagnetic irradiation or ab sorption with spectral characteristics corresponding to energy distribution along the protein. The RRM is capable of calculating these spectral characteristics, which we hypothesized would be in the range of the infrared and visible light. These characteristics were confirmed with frequency characteristics obtained ex perimentally for certain light-induced biological processes.

This book focuses on the recent advances in nanomedicine and tissue engineering. It outlines the basic tools and novel approaches that are becoming available in nanomedicine and tissue engineering and considers the full range of nanomedical applications which employ molecular nanotechnology inside the human body, from the perspective of a future practitioner in an era of widely available nanomedicine. Topics include: Health benefits of phytochemicals and application of superparamagnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia Silver nanoparticles in nanomedicine Optical diagnostic of molecules and cells using nanotechnology Nanoparticulate drug delivery system for antiviral drugs Liposomal drug delivery systems, nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDS) Functionalization of tissue engineering scaffolds Induction of angiogenesis in scaffolds Many other recent achievements Written by some of the most innovative minds in medicine and tissue engineering, this book considers the full range of nanomedical applications which employ molecular nanotechnology inside the human body and will help professionals understand cutting-edge and futuristic areas of nanomedicine and tissue engineering research. Readers will find insightful discussions on nanostructured intelligent materials and devices that are considered technically feasible and that have a high potential to produce advances in medicine in the near future.

This book provides in-depth knowledge about the fabrications, structures, properties and applications of three outstanding electrochemically engineered nanoporous materials including porous silicon, nanoporous alumina and nanotubular titania. The book integrates three major themes describing these materials. The first theme is on porous silicon reviewing the methods for preparation by electrochemical etching, properties and methods for surface functionalization relevant for biosensing applications. Biomedical applications of porous silicon are major focus, described in several chapters reviewing recent developments on bioanalysis, emerging capture probes and drug delivery. The second theme on nanoporous alumina starts with describing the concept of self-organized electrochemical process used for synthesis nanopore and nanotube structures of valve metal oxides and reviewing recent development and progress on this field. The following chapters are focused mainly on optical properties and biosensing application of nanoporous alumina providing the reader with the depth of understanding of the structure controlled optical and photonic properties and design of optical biosensing devices using different detection principles such as photoluminescence, surface plasmon resonance, reflective spectrometry, wave guiding, Raman scattering etc. The third theme is focused on nanotubular titania reviewing three key applications including photocatalysis, solar cells and drug delivery. The book represents an important resource for academics, researchers, industry professionals, post-graduate and high-level undergraduate students providing them with both an overview of the current state-of-the-art on these materials and their future developments.