About the Video Clip

Journalist’s Diary of a Conflict is an excerpt from the two-part documentary Paradise Imperfect made in 2000.

Paradise ImperfectIn 2000 the ABC’s Pacific Correspondent Sean Dorney travelled to the war zones of Bougainville to look at the impact of the 9-year secessionist conflict and the fragile peace process. An Australian Broadcasting Corporation production.

Curriculum Focus

The principal focus of this Preliminary topic is that students apply historical enquiry methods within a range of contexts to investigate key features, issues, individuals, groups, events, concepts and other forces from the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

The syllabus prescribes that students undertake at least two case studies with at least one from Asia, the Pacific, the Middle East and Central/South America. This study is from the Pacific.

This Digital Resource can be used to achieve the following Outcomes (of selected studies from the eighteenth century to the present):

P1.1 describe the role of key individuals, groups and events
P2.1 identify forces and ideas and explain their significance in contributing to change and
continuity
P3.3 comprehend and analyse sources for their usefulness
P3.4 identify and account for differing perspectives and interpretations of the past

In respect to what students learn to, this clip gives students the opportunity to assess the forces for change and continuity within Papua New Guinea and to account for and assess why there could be differing perspectives and interpretations of the significant events people and issues of the Bougainville conflict.

This material is an extract. Teachers and students should consult the Board of Studies website for more information.

Background Information

Discovery of copper deposits in Bougainville in the 1960s led to the development by Conzinc Riotinto Australia (CRA) of the Panguna open cut mine — at that time the largest in the world. Bougainvilleans were denied what they saw as fair compensation and share of mine profits. The Papua New Guinea Independence Constitution stated that land ownership was to just below the surface and that mineral rights belonged to the state.

Tensions exploded in 1988 when disgruntled landowner (and later secessionist campaigner) Francis Ona led sabotage attacks on the mine. This marked the beginning of a nine year conflict.Following negotiations led by New Zealand, a truce monitoring force came to Bougainville in 1997 under the auspices of the United Nations. This was the beginning of a long and complex process of reconciliation.In 2001 a ceasefire agreement committed the Island to a referendum on full independence from Papua New Guinea in 10 to 15 years. In 2005 a provincial government was elected, led by Joseph Kabui.The new Bougainville administration will run the island with much greater autonomy, while the central government of Papua New Guinea will control defence and foreign affairs.Though up to 15,000 people died as a result of the conflict in Bougainville, the Australian population remained largely ignorant of the civil war. In a decade of conflict Australia was unable to intervene successfully. The Australian government policy committed to Papua New Guinea as a unified government — Australia could not deal with Bougainville as a separate entity. The loan of helicopters by Australia to the Papua New Guinea Defence Force, helicopters which eventually had machine guns mounted to them, further ensured that Australians were not trusted on Bougainville. The Bougainville conflict made Australia change its policy towards the Pacific. Benign neglect was replaced by a policy of re-engagement with the region. Australia realised that good governance and stability were essential for the peace and prosperity of the region.As ABC’s correspondent to Papua New Guinea, Sean Dorney was one of the few journalists present in Bougainville when the crisis over the province’s copper mine flared in 1988. He charted the crisis from its beginnings as a landowner dispute to its escalation into a brutal civil war.

Classroom Activities

In this video clip Sean Dorney speaks of the logistical difficulties in reporting before satellites and of his efforts to give ‘context’ to his short reports.

How important are ‘front-line journalists’ in informing us about conflicts in the world and their context?

At times Dorney ‘had the story to himself’. Comment on the dangers of this from a historian’s perspective.

Dorney mentions various ‘players’ in the conflict. Draw up a list of all of the ‘interested parties’ you can recall and briefly note their role in the conflict.

Dorney is described as an acknowledged authority on Papua New Guinea and a respected correspondent. In respect to his reporting of history in the making did you find him to be reliable and credible? Explain