Lighthouses of Somalia

Shaped something like a fish hook, Somalia is located on
the Horn of Africa, the northeastern corner of the continent. The country
was formed in 1960 by uniting the former British Somaililand, which faces
north on the Gulf of Aden, with the former Italian Somaliland, which faces
east southeast on the Indian Ocean.

This union has never been complete, and since 1991 the southern part
of the country has been splintered by repeated warfare. A Transitional
Federal Government (TFG) recognized by the United Nations is attempting
to create a federal state, but much of the country has been in the hands of
various warlords or the Islamist Al Shahaab movement. The northern regions of Galmudug and
Puntland have autonomous governments which say they are willing to be
considered states within a federal Somalia. The Republic of Somaliland,
which controls about 2/3 of the former British Somaliland, declared its
independence of Somalia in 1991 and has been seeking international recognition.
Lighthouses of Somaliland are described on a separate
page.

Under these unsettled and dangerous conditions, it is difficult to determine
the status of the lighthouses. The lighthouses in Somaliland are apparently
operating, but the others are probably abandoned and falling into ruin.
Current information on any of these sites would certainly be welcome.

ARLHS numbers are from the ARLHS
World List of Lights. Admiralty
numbers are from volume D of the Admiralty List of Lights & Fog
Signals. U.S. NGA List numbers are from Publication 112.

Lighthouses of Puntland
Note: Puntland is
a region at the northeastern corner of Somalia that declared itself
autonomous, though not independent, in 1998. The government of Puntland has made
attempts to suppress piracy along its coasts, although piracy remains
a problem. Investors from Dubai have signed agreements to develop
the region's principal port, Bosaso (formerly Bandar Qasim)
on the Gulf of Aden.
Puntland has been the most stable region of Somalia in recent years.

Date unknown. Apparently inactive since 2004. 13 m (43 ft) black
and white banded tower. No lantern. The thumbnail image at right
is from images.google.com; the full-size photo was not retrievable.
Lightphotos.net has a view of the light, and Bing has a satellite
view. The Admiralty
Notices to Mariners (2004#22) reported that the Bosasso range lights
had been replaced by new lights on a slightly different heading,
but that the old structures were left in place. The new rear light
was described by another Admiralty notice in 2008 as being on a "white
post," height not listed, with a red diamond daymark. Located in
Bosaso. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS SOM-001; ex-Admiralty D7260.1;
NGA 31060.

Early 1930s (station established 1924). Inactive. 19 m (63 ft) round cylindrical masonry tower, originally with lantern and gallery, mounted on a square
stone base. A 1987 photo is at the top of this page, and the shadow of the tower and remains
of several buildings can be seen in a Bing satellite
view of the station. The lantern is now gone, and the abandoned buildings are in ruins. Forand has a historic postcard view of the original lighthouse, a skeletal tower. Ra's Asir
is the famous Horn of Africa, the northeastern tip of the continent.
This historic lighthouse is described by the international light
lists as "unreliable"; in fact it has been abandoned, and the surrounding
area is quite desolate. The lighthouse was originally named for Francesco Crespi, who served two terms as Prime Minister of Italy between 1887 and 1896. Site status unknown. ARLHS SOM-003; Admiralty
D7246; NGA 31072.

Bosasso Range Rear Light
source unknown

Ra's Hafun

Date unknown. Inactive. 13 m (42 ft) concrete post centered on a square concrete building. Lightphotos.net has a photo, a 2010 photo is available, and the abandoned station is seen in a Bing satellite
view. Ra's Hafun is a sharp promontory projecting east from Hurdiyo in
northeastern Somalia. Site status unknown. ARLHS SOM-011; Admiralty D7242;
NGA 31076.

Lighthouses of Galmudug

Note: Galmudug is a region in central Somalia. An autonomous regional government was established in 2006, but it has not been recognized formally by the provisional federal government due to a territorial dispute with Puntland.

Hobyo (Obbia)

Date unknown. Inactive. 10 m (33 ft) square cylindrical tower, now in ruins.
A closeup photo is available, and Google has a satellite view.
Located in Hobyo, a small town about 500 km (315 mi) northeast of Mogadishu.
The town has no regular port facilities, only
a small, partially-protected anchorage. Site status unknown. ARLHS SOM-008;
Admiralty D7236; NGA 31088.

Date unknown. Inactive for many years (if it was ever active). Approx. 12 m (39
ft) masonry tower centered on an octagonal fortified house.
Alex Strick von Linschoten has a 2008 photo,
Nasar Cabdi has an aerial
view and a second view,
and Bing has a satellite
view.
Although many sources describe this building as a lighthouse,
it was never listed by international authorities and nothing is known
of its history. It appears to be a 19th century (pre-colonial) fortified
watchtower that may also have been used as a lighthouse. Located at the western
end of the traditional port (an open roads) in Mogadishu. Site status
unknown.

Moqdishu (Mogadishu) Main (2?)

Date unknown (station established 1903). Inactive. Described by
current light lists as a 10 m (33 ft) white masonry tower with a focal
plane of 74 m (243 ft). Originally, this was a 17 m square tower with
lantern and gallery. The library of the Swiss Institute of Technology
has the 1912 photo at right,
a more distant historic
view is available, and Bing has a satellite
view. The history of this building is unknown, but the present tower appears to be the same as the one in the 1912 photo. Mogadishu, the national
capital and former capital of Italian Somaliland, is generally under
the control of the Transitional Government, which had driven out Al Shahaab forces by the end of 2011. Located on a ridge about 1.5 km (1 mi) northwest
of the harbor. Site status unknown. ARLHS SOM-007; Admiralty D7218;
NGA 31096.

Date unknown (station established 1912). Inactive. 17 m (56 ft) white round
concrete tower. No photo available, but Forand has a
historic postcard view, and Bing has an indistinct satellite
view. Huelse has a different postcard view showing a skeletal concrete tower. Merka has no protected harbor, only an open roadstead. The front
light is on a post near the shore. The area was controlled by Al Shahaab for several years, but it was recaptured by the Transitional Government in August 2012. Located on the west side of Merka,
above the roadstead. Site status unknown. ARLHS SOM-006; Admiralty D7212.1; NGA 31140.

1912. Inactive. Approx. 18 m (56 ft) square concrete tower with gallery;
the lantern has vanished. Nicola Prisco's photo is at right, a small closeup and
a small and distant photo are
available, Abdullahi Kassim has a 1983 photo, Huelse has a historic postcard
view of the lighthouse when it was active, and Google has a satellite view. Located on an island sheltering the harbor of Baraawe,
a port about 160 km (100 mi) southwest of Mogadishu. This area
has been under Al Shahaab's control and has functioned as the group's capital. Accessible only
by boat. Site status unknown. ARLHS SOM-002.

Lighthouses of Jubaland (Azania)
Note: These lighthouses are in Jubaland,
a region at the southwestern corner of Somalia. Much of Jubaland was formerly
claimed by Britain as part of Kenya, but Britain ceded its claims to Italy
in 1924. The region had been controlled by Al Shahaab, but in
2010 a new administration took power, with Kenyan support, and declared the
region to be an autonomous state (similar to Puntland). The Jubaland administration and the transitional government in Mogadishu reached an agreement in August 2013 recognizing the autonomous status of the territory.

Juba River (Fiume Giuba)

1912(?). Inactive. 9 m (30 ft) black square masonry tower on white truncated
pyramid. No photo available. The survival of this beacon had been questionable, but the station is shown in a Bing satellite view.
Located at the mouth of the Juba River about 16 km (10 mi) northeast of Kismayo (Kismayu).
Site status unknown. ARLHS SOM-004; NGA 31156.

Isola dei Serpenti (Kismayu, Kismayo)

Date unknown. Active(?); focal plane 35 m (115 ft); white flash every 4
s, also a continuous red light of shorter range. Round masonry tower centered
on a masonry keeper's house. No photo available, but Google has a satellite view. Kismayo is an active harbor, but
the satellite view shows no evidence of activity around the light station.
Located on an island about 1.5 km (1 mi) southeast of Kismayo (Kismayu);
the island is connected to the mainland by a causeway. Site status unknown.
ARLHS SOM-010; Admiralty D6842; NGA 31160.