Finkbeiner studies a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s diseases. He developed a unique platform for longitudinal studies of individual cells that involves robotic microscopy, sophisticated statistical analyses, novel disease models and assays, and machine learning. Using this system, he resolved a long-standing puzzle in Huntington’s disease in a study that became the most-cited paper in the field of neuroscience for the decade.