Formal Metadata

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thank you and good morning everybody i they basically they deal with you in invariant today and what I want to do is

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they share with you some of the work we're doing both at the sensible city research group at MIT embossed on it also committee is a new um Research Unit in Singapore In turn it goes without design office Camerata attractive I just want to start with the video at the at the at the

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end to end the act and the

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blue and the thing

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and the 0 blue

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the a and can you I had

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you the blue so the reason I show you this is it is actually that tells you something about

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um in endeavor would been trying to have full of for for many many years is about you know how we can create an environment around ourselves in architecture but but sorry yeah 11 there and and so just 1 2nd the at the time should be done yet was on server that as so how can we create a space and there was so that response us in a dynamic

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way you know when Michelangelo sculpted the Moses you see the Statue wikis company so the story goes to hammer the Tottenham moles and he shouted the canon badly widened to speak so how can we create something this speaks back to us in architecture and sculpture the this what is seen over and over with seen 18 baroque architecture this beautiful buildings trying to capture movement we see anything in

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article and evolved we see always

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so they are are you know this is 1 reason building that tries to be late through it it said it's a breach in Spain they tries again to capture movement in a

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different way now if you look at this however that this kind of a little bit of a tragedy uh the tragedy is that it tries to capture movement but it's frozen it's date is made of concrete and steel doesn't he doesn't really respond to us in a dynamic way inaction is another line of research we did we've seen over and over in architecture that try to have things interacting with us in a different way and

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then was goes back to for instance said reprise here you see here is a fun palace um that was proposed in the 2nd half of the past century land on enterprise was really inspired by

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cybernetics the idea that we could have a different type of interaction between us as humans send architecture in the environment around ourselves when an other what said reprise was talking about and the people at the time we're trying to experiment is now becoming possible in is becoming possible because this our cities of being covered layer with many different types of digital information was sensors we net force is almost like a digital and the physical or 41 bits and atoms converging in physical space in creating incredibly new potential for for architecture if you look at is based on 1 side you can just call it the Internet of Things so intent of everything you from the other side is about architecture almost becoming alive is a showed in the Indonesia sliding little movie at the beginning but

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what is happening in a certain sense is that in this southern relationship we can collect a lot of information from the space on the cells we can sense it and then we can respond to that we can actually in sensing

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and actuating easily the basic of what we do dynamic system is living systems when we see each other we since each other we collect information from each other and then respond to that information so sensing and actuating what's up today's at almost every atom of there the physical war is becoming both its sensor and actuator today we can understand assimilate this is actually beautiful utilization by pitch recruits was for a while at our lab at MIT you're going to see the Lisbon in using billions of billions of data points collected from attacks innate form from GPS is in order to see movement of flows in the city and again you know we couldn't understand a city like this just a few years ago but we can do it today in the next slide show you something that would is 1 of the 1st projects we ever did uh but those showing today because some where Germany somehow involved in it and also you know we're in the middle of the of the soccer uh Europeans gap now of chances gap so our mn it would show you is that what we did for order 1 of his brothers of the lab baking 2006 it was the 1st time we looked at the anonymized data of from the cell I put in a big city the city was rome on aid in order to understand what goes on in there and in this case it was a 2006 this was when in Germany the soccer were cap was happening it's in in France where plane making 2006 a look at what happened in the city of Rome that looking at the anonymized and aggregated data from millions of cell phones yeah so what you see here is that

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I had the data the final the data work final before the match people moving here and there in the city yeah you see there be very acidic coliseum in the middle it's the early afternoon and then the match begins at silence nobody talks in more France course at that is cause half time people make it we call by this 2nd half end of normal time 1st over time seconds Uganda famous head but it finally

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it wins I did that nite everybody went to celebrating the center you see a big peak over there In the following morning again everybody went to meet the winning team and a prime minister in the center and by the end of the day actually people went to celebrate a place called Schuko Massimo was his Roman times people going have big parties easier Peter the you know in the lower part of the image it is everybody moving there so we can look at this we can look at this at

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the scale of the city so what happens in our cities uh with analyzing data from but we can also look at things at the global scale it would you have here is actually how New York connects with all of the planet is data from the 18 the network is both the Internet and cellphone and landline in how the city connects with all the others and how to use information changes the

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changes over time uh we the day starting and ending in day changes over space so product to be camber the at the tuna terminus of this network of flows that embraces our planet now what you see here is that you see the over all of you see the daytime in the nighttime is is a move aimed at resuming the moment you see you know how In this case that lend themselves to connect with New York London waking up uh all of Europe waking up in the main hubs in Europe uh exchanging information go see South America here you can see uh mn winners iris and the main Brazilian cities the use of power-law at this age going to sleep so you see the amount of information reducing the nineties coming all over Asia um Africa quite quite sad actually other top 300 cities we only have a couple of them we got Joburg and at Cape Town and then some of Australian cities again connecting on on this in being part of this this governmental so we get to look at is the scale of the city would be the global scale we can look at the

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source of the scale of the object and in this project we looked at that this computer today we're not everything about this computer every chip in its you see it on the map over there every chip we know where it was produced how's will the planet Howard became this machine however if years from now you stop using it but after a few years then it's being thrown away and then you know very little about it today we know everything about where things come from but we do know where they go uh sometimes these without a lot of electronics

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from Europe should be legally to Africa from the United States to Asia so

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our idea was so what if we could develop a leader tag because we could put trash In then start following isn't that like when you go to hospital it wouldn't tracing your blood In the following for your body to understand what was what does doesn't work how can we do this at the scale of an entire city so we had to design the type that we with Qualcomm it big chip manufacturing in the United States but it's almost like a miniature cell phone you dislocation the reports back locations I should 1st apply mean we did with the working on the project actually we're doing some international tracking the for looking at smuggling wastes you waste my the something today on about attitude a 1st experiment that we did in the city of Seattle uh we had 5 and volunteers came we 3 thousand different piece of trash who put within the time on all of them the and the and

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the and and and and and everybody attack on all of them we started following them in use of the In the case of the value of basis of a lot of things as and but then has right

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how fast things started from the er sentencing crazy way to address the amount of California had um the 1 on the and you can in the in in the in the eye of the kind of you know how to name I qualify was in the right music saw and what you do it's so if you are an engineer if you're an architect you get you get all the traces interest to think about how you can optimize the system there's a lot of wasted energy into the system sometimes we actually put more energy into some objects then what we will ever recover from them by recycling them reprocessing them and so on so the 1st thing is actually how working use all this information in order to create a more optimized and streamlined waste removal systems the 2nd thing is very important that this is part of what you know you're very familiar with the notion of the data is this incredible amount of information being the end we can collect today from our is and from our environment and when he got bigger than you shared with people then you generate very interesting behavior change dynamics in a given example again of the project we were sharing all the information about the objects about the trash would've volunteers into some of them came to us and said that you know I because information I got I started thinking about ways in a different way as set it's changing my behavior somebody said a usage in water and plastic bottles every day it is sort of a way and I'm just forget about them but now should approaches and all those boulders go a few miles from home they go to a landfill they will stay there forever to because of the types of drinking water in in plastic bottles so the important thing to note is incredible amount of information we know today about our cities about our behavior of about quantified self is something that can help us to uh know more about the consequences of what we do and hence perhaps change our behavior there's an there's a 3rd thing we learned from this project and that was more unexpected it happened more recently and it happened when them a burglar came to our lab at MIT the

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poor guy still a lot of things including tags in computers that tell you where the goal aid this is would often yeah and I'm in some on Wall warm have all the

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more and more more more more more her area the users

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and

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the the whole and the and the and the the and the and the time the and the time and time and time and time and time so you know if we can put sensors on trash really everywhere is about everything being connected that even the most unexpected things um a very important thing is actually how sensors allow us to

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uh give us again information is is people about different things so in the next part of the show you what we needed recently in China is in all air pollution is a big issue in China aimed at the traditional way to monitor air pollution in cities is by using you know big monitoring stations in cities such as Berlin tradition you would have a number of them are not that many scatterers city and measuring air quality and then send this information to the government to people supervising that any of that information they would trickle down in then be eventually disseminated if the where problem of pollution or you know something that you know the population should know about but again you know today we can and do things in a different way sensors are becoming much much smaller we can not each of us can almost become like a moving sensor a problem so what we decided to do work was is a big issues in China in sometimes uh what we heard about last year is that some big issues just to get the data to understand what is going on um in Beijing last year the US embassy was actually tweeting values of air pollution but in order to share that with a population it was difficult undescended times exactly know what the real situation what's so again we said what it actually gives sensors to people it was to focus on Hong Kong dishing James uh that saw the China's you might know Hong Kong in general almost the same metropolitan area it to see is a very close but they're separated by the mainland China and the Chinese border as a wooden gets engage people in developing sense so that people could carry with themselves and monitor a major air pollution and sharing with others in look at what happened uh with the results what you see here that uh it's a video and the caller or the frames is actually proportional to the level of pollution grade is higher pollution greenies that is law and room and what country

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assistance was actually so that when

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I would like to China annually 1

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and that's because it is

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based on 1 side and the other

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side of the border

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and

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owned

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by the end of we do and and and and the and the and the and

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the so this was actually to show you all the data we can collect from our cities from the environment around ourselves how the data can be used i can promote behavioral change

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about sensing is is at the beginning how we can sense our environment in new ways I also need to I also want to add a cabinet here you know sensing is great can help us understand a lot of things about what is on ourselves this is also a lot of data which is being saving collected it will need to be very concerned about you know what that is sweet quiz axis and I wanted to show you this is that should make it a lot of you know something Italian writers of something he wrote before the internet uh I order so that the 14th and it was uh was really widely spread here on this uh imagine award where everything would be safe to where everything in our physical work would have a digital copy the beast or by the say you know imagine archive it would bring together and cataloged everything that is known about every person animal and the thing by where a generally inventory not only the present but of the past 2 off everything that has been since time began ensured a general in simultaneous he sort of everything or rather a catalog of

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everything moment by moment in that is indeed what we're working on it we confuse satisfy the project is well advanced so imagine that aimed at all that this is what is happening today not needed to safely the short story by covina that condition that imagine lease in just a few pages to intrigue drama aimed at and ultimately murder now that said this fiction but I think this very big issues that are coming up from the fact that we everything we're doing in our life every moment of our life is leaving the show traces of restoring databases inventor who is accessing databases cocaine how do how the data is controlled and all of that is something we should all be very concerned about and in top it was just mention that for a 2nd time at MIT we organize aphorical engaging data at the last 1 we had done Noam Chomsky a colleague and and activists at MIT uh we had it's not as lawyers we had many others because we think this discussion we should all have to get it is great to have data about cities we should also look at data in a critical way in a broader sense about how we're digitizing everything in our life in our society but having said that I want to go from the sense inside so the collection of data to the actuation how they can help us to change in transform the

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things in the environment we live in and I want to start with the 1st approach it did wearing them uh I ride to MIT I was working with your she should the media lab ain't then when it is it was called soundscape it was like a table of mitosis and you need a 3 D scanner at the top you would get in real time the surface of the sun and then it is you changed a small those so is you create different shapes and landscapes on the sand then the system would get in real time the typographer descend and then send you make information may be useful to think about is something that you use for studying landscape will really for creating naked freedom although that magic in response to you in real time you change it to change them although the system knows it in since a vague information you might be interested in it in this case is simply high order slow order topography and so on now at the time uh that was run 10 years ago we did is we were very excited we find we would imagine what if tomorrow actually descend could start dance what he said the same thing where actually every piece could there could be actuated as well so our environment could become responsive also in terms of atoms not only in terms of bits in the yard time we tried but we succeed we have our we know at the time uh you know small model models were no small enough space was quite excited to see last year that you know she she managed in Integrated project did exactly what we were thinking about at the beginning about a and dance expected response neurons the rural move to new new new new you in in in in the in the a little only a little over

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all the good will

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uh a

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a a

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a a a a a

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a a a a a a a a a lot and I I respond and what I

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thought I and that in this is really what

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we try to do would been trying to do both at the lab in the D. office over the past few years to try to see how the environment around ourselves to

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respond to us in a more dynamic way in this project we actually use a projector the projected as in front of the day rotating mirror seen at the was a scene collapse so allows you to take flight in Freud all around it is projective from 1 position allows you turn every surface into living surface into projection surface so when we designed this said this building I will be trying to do was an architecture there would be days and informed by that projection we want to send to to

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look beautiful but something where every surface could become then a living surface is surface animated reset we design information security actually that the

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shape of fit the shape that of course was responding to that the living habits center in older traditional parameters of architecture but also to the idea that maximizing the call visibility between that projector and all the servers

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around in the place can be turned off so you suggests that it traditional architectural

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space and you turn it on in every surface can becoming a leading surface and in

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this enterprise and we we looked at something else that we we apart quite concerned about is about how much energy we ways in our buildings and what

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we did in this paper we looked at the MIT campus and the look at where the people are and where energy goes and if you plot the curves you see absolutely no correlation we heat our buildings when there's nobody there we call our abilities when there's nobody there think about it happens in our homes in know all the places we live during the winter the emptying during the day but the scene we heat and that that's all the waste of energy so we thought you know what if you could think about a system where instead of heating space we were throwing the tone on people we call data local warming we detest outside of MIT and that was the last winter very called the so people entering 77 mass Savisaar main interest at MIT you see here have a bubble of heat following them to step on the carpet and then descend bubble would more with you I am you can also customize about what you can say I want to be at 20 degrees of 24 15 or 16 and from that we develop an installation was at the venues penality and you few weeks ago

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um where we imagine is scene that we actually do this for the people underneath here is the making of it so that the the the the the the the uh the and the and the

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time

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at home and around and around and

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around the world so you see here in approving has been I want to make it quite visible is installation but you could imagine something seamless and it's info CV of a building unitary supplements that Bayes you have we the bubble of the or or called that follows you I said of course as well this is essentially just a few weeks ago in to buy

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a big issue in devising always that during the summer is too hot or public space outdoor public spaces is empty or almost non-existent because of of the heat is so then you know you can spray water to cool it but instead of spring water everywhere you can produce we'll follows you so that again you save energy you create an environment the response to us in a in a dynamic way I am we just opened

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a last week care at Vienna at the toward Expo at this word-initial renderings

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but then we've been experimenting with that would allergies how biology well can help us make architecture more responsive crank

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the surface made of I data a again can shade as anomic way but also captures the image of the sun the then can

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be uh can be reused and

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then what we also use but we will say they another idea it wasn't fully implemented but is shared with you and in this idea with which we won the competition for the provision for New Holland wanted top but uh agriculture equipment manufacturers in the work it was set of religioso driving you might or be familiar with this is actually a car with the driving capability you see the 2 middle years it is to the to decide their lighter the system a scanner in 3 D the environment around the clock in that other cotton IV gate almost life like a human to drive on drive like a human surviving technology is is there uh you know we go so driving cars over the war being tested is you know go where some beaker companies of some universities MIT of others so we we thought about what

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I'm a Seifert if tractors actually becomes a driving in the interesting thing is that when that happens you can think about a weighted factors can move in a very precise way the landscape in actually put seed deploy seeds in a much finer way I so it is actually did that that the board that we did for the competition the board at 1 as the the competition for a new all and um pavilion but that we were inspired by the work of baby girls who was actually also is some point at our lab

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at MIT into what they did it would lose the the test as part of his master thesis at RCA where use this in order to see

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how we can go from culture to something more complex is in all nature usually doesn't use more culture that we have to use Molokai train traditional way of of farming but if you go so driving you can think about a system where tomorrow you can almost framed

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at the landscape you can proceeds in different places and you go beyond monoculture which has many limits as we as we all know it is outrageous what to share Benedict's work is what he did he

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he set up the system the in Germany in order really to tool uh try to see the fainter uh is treated as the the uh the fami almost is a way of printing uh disorder the the

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the blue and the time and we're going to

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hand

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in and

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and out

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in and

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out of a and a

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and

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a and a kind

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of uh the eye and the

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thank you ain't so and I'm going to share with you a couple of brothers they're they're working on today

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and work on this project for during the scene real if you want to do when he's doing it again trying to create an architecture that responds in a dynamic way but for obtaining something this is the opposite of a dynamic architecture and is the idea that you know that if you can bring people in the water in a different way and a brief you were given actually by our for poor I mean architecture Fundación in Brazil was can we do something to engage people read water out what is a big issue in Brazil today there's a big drought uh especially in sub and real so the idea was can we use these a technological people almost to enter inside the water in a way you couldn't normally do you know if you normally have a barge Europe up on the water or your inside but basically you can be floating on the surface and the reason is that the default on the surface uh then you have an unstable system you have a system where a lot more people then system was saying it is so ordered we here we're using technology seem at this summer in technology Europe to create a space that allows us to carve volumes of the water is you see here you know this surface

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this a service of like go and you know you need a generic interviews that this flows then army carried responding to the amount of people you have you order yes to create an architecture which is based on subtraction instead of vision in allowing people to be exactly at the level of the salt water on the waterline at and above

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uses a public space about a space where you can go for a conference for me you for it for a cafe and where you can learn about water with the water labs to becomes like a public space with the city in something that

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could have you know teach people about this crucial issue especially now in Brazil during during its what is also what we've been working on with toward

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Expo baking 2008 in the city of star goes up what was actually the theme of the expert of that year and American classes said is there any way we can use water in a different way today is a what you did a came came up you know what has been a beautiful ingredient of architecture and planning for hundreds or thousands of years was the matching we could use the latest measure that you see here and that pipe as many tabs opening closing controlled by a computer then you can create a living wall the wall the wall that opens up when you approach awaken short texts 3 images or or patterns they related projects so we got information design giving again physically and what additional water but in in all the walls are in the fall of all

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the the and and all those windows when you wrote project

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was average you in here and in the title so all the walls expanded frame based on how many people I thank

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you was also covered with you want it to do what they got to

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exclude the lower due to me my splashing and originally they paid for the building of a large picture is here hopefully without anybody underneath and we were sensors for that as well

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I think you considered the building before the opening I like this feature because the sky was an error varies it a trolley was going to the station but still there and so you know what the hell is happening here I think it was actually each the projections on the top of the water so is the show physical being combined together and this was myself trying not to get white a hand up I still you know what happened 1 nite way and then all of the sensors in in the building stopped working a on that I were terrified we're terrified because the bidding would keep on doing some crazy things

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like cats and halls and other things but without responding to people pulling anymore but there tonight was 1 of the most finite in the that nite thousands of kids from all of the city came to the building to play a new game not anymore at building it opens up when you approach it but a building that you need to engage leaders and aimed at 1st it was an important lessons

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lesson because is architects engineers we always think that we know how people really use the things we designed but in reality and especially human reality is always a surprise I wanted to finish its of wrapping up we show you 1 project in more detail because we think that when we architecture hybridize when architecture is mixing is we see with the sensing with digital technologies that we many others many other dimensions then at the process of designing is changing as well I want to share it with you we 1 project f from the beginning to the end to examine a bit more to methodology we develop bothered the lab and at the office at the progeny something this started a few years ago we of Copenhagen American us said is there anything we can do using ubiquitous computing to address trafficking Copenhagen In the interesting thing is attracting Copenhagen means so the bicycles Copenhagen is a city were between 30 to 50 per cent of all trips everyday actually happened my bicycle so we sort of the a

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bicycles and we came up with a following idea

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will will rule out of the Copenhagen wrong that evidence ordinary buying into us much electric hybrid on more quickly and easily with no additional batteries alive who were in the

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cabinet and will allow us to capture the energy dissipated by breaking like who can say that when

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you need it we don't know the introductory it's not that the nation will become the natural extension of you and I know what continent really the personal trainer and then you add more and provide you with respect to the fact that I have said that if I go along with whom we have had whale although it has a certain period and the next year at the back of the room upcoming tracking gesture recognition of ventilation at all you used can the bond sharing around the light of new information that way like if you will who has the right view of the red green at the image of free by around the back and forth on what we can do with both of not on a numerical travel and for rapidly changing well on the set I and II functionality for the the presentation layer for more and more food

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so and that was the initial idea

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I am I going decided we're war at MIT different ideas including is kind of

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funny looking we'll but at the beginning it was not much more than a funny looking we're there was not much technology in tone how it could be developed but not at any firm if you got the idea in your in doubt eating Dalits let's write out on dates and the 1st stages we did to say you know well how could it back

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together batteries and the mother in the same way you and this is the 1st prototype

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developed the battery is the mother of all assembled

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together to days noise very quick to do fast prototyping rapid prototyping use is that there in the printers in order to make him although the 1st we need to look very good

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but was working in you see presented with

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America open 18 in the main square there the end so they're like it aimed at and said OK let's let's go ahead so

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again you a better drawing board rethinking what this we really wanted

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to do we're trying to clarify the brief to ourselves and a New Spectral the different component thinking the inside here you've added designers working together with the planners and it also we've mechanical engineers and electrical engineers that has to the yeah yeah good service I am not picking the model uh combining putting all the pieces together and get all the pieces is said to have in order

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to to contain everything inside the wheel and eliminate the canadian habit to the rest of the remote site and this was the 1st there's wise ID is again this was a better 1 but actually he did a war you can tell it doesn't work because as of now bracing from the center to the outside to transmit the fork to the onset of the wheel and then we came up with

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this idea which is that it does have to be connected with folks is simply connected rim outside touch that have we had been attached to it but simply on you know simply rotate on DAB

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180 degrees and go back to add to the In we likely because there's something magic about not avian gardens spokes connected to have but it would you know I think that it would work I gave you know you doubt that let's write out some people in the lab thought it would want to be with the Buddha work again this is the 1st model simply laser Kathy or 3 D printing to have connecting all spokes he was very skeptical as you can tell I am but I should these became the way to do it to spoke the wheel so interconnected in this such way it we were so then and of course was all the user interface here graphic designers at the lab and um interaction designers working together in order to control the we used from the phone in a very simple way just with enough and and finally know all the sensing component the mentioned before uh unit that be would do sensing with bytes believe it or not but the staff is so they are I wanted you to go down another rout something very small to actually get

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data and from the environment they could be meaningful for 4 people so this the sensor would would inside a bike at a major your

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exposure noise NO x distance and so on a look at this just

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with a few bicycles in Copenhagen very quickly you cover the whole city is what we saw before in Hong Kong the Schengen Hodges a small number of sensors can actually give you a lot of information about the city if you share this information with the

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with your fellow citizens and the you know and we had to build a pro types that we want to show in

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Copenhagen at the summit where President Obama and others in that as well as would be the

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number of them combine everything to get a program it's

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you know should be there and and

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finally uh presented this was the 1st prototype over there and here

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was the media the Miro accompanied here the you clip next near Copenhagen near Toronto trying to 1st but the idea of of the we

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I and I have

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a new

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and

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all the

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land around

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the

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thank you I I I I I I I I have

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fewer and thank you all and I I have a little more than I I I I I thank

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you and and a well and interrupt at the cylinder share with you also how this then became a start up that is that it presents them the and then became our company if you look on the on our website you see since a week ago there's a all the lines of all the pictures are being taken on the on the factor in the factory on the production line in Detroit I wouldn't line in Detroit and when you when Europe in in and that's also had a project developed from initial idea to 1st the problem size bringing people from different disciplines coming collaborating together and then some of the steam really wanted to turn it into a product in doing a start-up which is

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now manufacturing with shining eyes the view of the product the brother looks pretty much the same but in the middle you got years and years if you had a full-time equivalent in all people's work you combined together in order to trigger initially the into into the 1st post up into something and then we can finally be manufactured so this is the Copenhagen Wheel of the turns your

bicycles for a great way to move around it sometimes distances are too long tails can get in the

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way and hard journeys to work maybe you covered

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in sweat the Copenhagen Wheel is here to change all that the technology was developed

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over several years at MIT together with the

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city of Copenhagen 1 of the world's most

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innovative places recycling all of its

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original inventors license the technology confounded super pedestrian the start of what we are

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now working around the clock to bring the wheel to you like the best way to handle the Copenhagen

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Wheel learns how you had all and integrates seamlessly with your motion captures your energy when you Gregor go downhill and did you push when you

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need that with 3 to 10 times regular for power it's easy right it's just like a normal life as he

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title were automatically kicks in with no additional Braudel's about all technology for the

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Copenhagen Wheel is contained within the red

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casing including motor removable batteries wireless connectivity smart like multiple sensors and embedded control system use your smartphone to

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customize your monitoring the physical activity

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that information from your environment to share with your friends and fellow cycle and if you're a software

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developer you can create your own biking at all so whether you carry yourself

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the kids or your gear Pilsen flat distances shrink and you can cycle

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just about anywhere and the transformed by

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and transformed the problem in real room and then will want to say is that all this will have be

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impossible with that today's ability to uh did finds online uh is a little about the sea venture capital is about Algeria adopted who brought in who to uh Google the wheel of would so in the in a certain sense of the story here is that not only how if you want to look at the spacing between these other physical in the city you need a collaboration between different disciplines but but also how to date was of the

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network can also help then to do things you could do before in order to turn an idea into something concrete industry this what I want to finish with we used to think that knowledge was something like this we used to think that should put everything that humans at every guy ever done in the right spot that was hideous and we of this so much he tried to put all of human knowledge in condensing the 1 book beautiful imperfectly organized what we know that that is not the case anymore we know that if we need to think about something might look like a map of human knowledge in might look more like

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this is actually a map that was on the cover often nature while the most respected scientific journals in what it did what it did here they took 800 thousand scientific papers and looked at the links between them it would you see you see something where everything is connected with everything else is the beautiful links between a brain research with computer science and mathematics in the social sciences so something is so wide which is almost like the web the World Wide Web to Web we got on on the internet um nature also went to look at the most

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important papers in the past the most important papers today there is an easy way to measure the importance of a paper is about add citations how many people cite the paper is seen at the lights on Facebook I mean people like the posts and then you can measure the impact of the paper that in the past we used to have the most important paper used to be written by 1 author for 1 very well defined discipline today most important papers are usually from many alters collaborating from different disciplines in within the sample it this is finally all also entering the space of design and architecture your architecture in the

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past was what Inc what is encapsulated in this picture is actually a

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Corbusier Corbusier 1 of the most well-known architects of the past century that presented

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his plan was for pirates in the 19 twenties index is it useful bodies were quite simple where basically demolish the whole city just leave not put them and a couple of other things as memories from the past a repressed everything his modernist hours we look at this picture you see the hand all the core which is the hand that the arcaded but almost like the hand of God the 1 person single-handedly making decisions that will affect millions and millions of people people even said you we could work collaboratively in architecture In horse 8 key in horse such a camel is a horse designed the Committee is the same thinking of people used to say you can really work collaboratively otherwise it will not up a beautiful cost you end up with a camel wedding within all of that is changing but this a

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buddhist coming out treat this month with things and had is called open source architecture we tried to see how open source can also affect a lot the space of design the space of you thinking about our cities and our buildings you know

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that and that book came out of fame is a project it was an editorial a few years ago that I wrote Ford almost a design magazine Italian design magazine so Domus an issue on open source architecture and yes we write the introductory uh opaque as a sure I'm happy to do it but if this is about an issue about all this is architecture 1 of the good you paid itself in in open way uh I wanted you to Wikipedia we write it together so that's

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what we did together with the um uh a number of people initially uh initially we had Nicholas Negroponte has recoveries talent Amalie than many many at actually collaborating in order to do the 1st the 1st the text in the text the ban on Wikipedia kept an evolving if you gone to go on open source architecture page on Wikipedia he was still the transformation how people keep on adding to it and how open source you can really benefit can be into the space of design you know when they did that when I did the OPEC than was initially the issue was that Don was usually once have the picture of the person who does the open in which features should we use what we couldn't use a feature we'd all of fast there simply wasn't enough space but it didn't want to put my picture you know I was just 1 person among many having contributed to to do this so in the end we we we gave dome was this feature is the authority so the picture of all of us combined as in Photoshop 1 1 of the top of the other in a 1 2 finish with this because my wish they wish I would like to share with you is it to Morris architect tomorrow's designers we look a bit less labor Corbusier the person who single-handedly game plan in proposed to demolish follow of prize aimed at you know make plans since I was affecting me as a muse of lies is music people in a bit more at this inaccurate designers that belongs in this part of all of us thank you and In the end it is part of the the open approach in associate is we said before I get the data position be shorter so the big radio there's any comments or questions or ideas or challenges that yes I see a hand the yeah the mike OLiA switching thank you so much for presentation I would like to know how are you dealing with all the

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privacy implications in all these projects they're collecting some so personal data from so many people sorry I didn't understand the way that it is a bit of uh a coherent and how with the privacy implications privacy I think you know this great this way put this slide about convene on now and think about this room thing about this room probably 10 or 15 years ago

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when in this on 50 years ago you would have probably a double cameras people were taken a few pictures and added of footage any of those feature would be imprinted that a in a drawer are you know laughter and I think when the 40 years they would have been just thrown away so nobody ever thought they taking picture for instance was was an issue in terms of priors now fast forward to today in this room there is certainly more cameras and people who are you know all of your phones have at least 2 0 every computer here is some people are tweeting at the computer that footage and so even something as innocent as I am you not taking pictures can become an issue I believe it was uh I believe it was a Switzerland Austria uh 1 of the 1st countries to ban who with Street really for these reasons you know taking footage that pervasive footage can become a nation is afraid the brightest so um what I'm saying here is that this is something that's much more profound than just what is happening in cities is something which is every moment of our lives has been as I was saying before during a presentation is being are you know stored is being recorded the speech of phrases in all of this is in different databases today but if you were able to combine those databases digitally you could really reconstruct probably every 5 minutes of our life today for the every minute every time your phone sends a text makes such down was an e-mail Oriole does something else but that's like a digital footprint Richard now um what should we do it and I think it's a very important thing is something that's really at changing our relationship with with awarded we what we can forget is will be very difficult to forget in this new condition this wire user calvino all because of you know example because of some of the things that users in fiction are actually very profound the concepts that we had facing in dealing with today so what you I think there's many people are discussing many optional so you have this technical solutions you could think about systems where your tracking information we got information so using data in order to fall date see when when data easily by you can think about a transparent society apparently some anthropologists think that when we were leaving a few thousand years ago or a fast when we're leaving is hampering gathers at a time suppose it was no privacy so everything was known to everybody else we could think about a society where it is also the case so they would be better to have access for everybody then assist system in a situation like we're seeing today with some people are having more access to the data then the people there is an asymmetry the corporation in certain states have more acts and so it would this many things on on the table that we could discuss I don't think we should discuss this they had I think I should Iago some ideas but I think I would like to share my ideas what I want to say is that it is very important they were all part of the conversation that's why we've organized for the 2nd engaging data form a committee that we should all be part of that because of the way our society would be tomorrow depends on the choices we do in this space today do we have 1 more question perhaps just raise your hand I come along you on the side yeah yeah melody I see 1 down there well so maybe it was because of somebody's fashion and that OK and so thank you very much this thank you very go out to