Results

The results showed that both the equality-constrained and equality-unconstrained PD models were supported by fit statistics. The chi square difference test of the two models was non-significant, indicating that the PD model was consistent across groups. The alternative models were rejected by fit statistics, suggesting that hemoglobin does not impact on psychological states but QoL.

Conclusions

This study validates the PD model across the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patient groups and shows a hierarchical causal relationship between clinical factors, physical functioning, psychological states and QoL, with hemoglobin as an exception. This model provides an empirical framework for integrating and studying a range of clinical factors and health outcomes in ESRD.

Quality of Life Research
An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation - An Official Journal of the International Society of Quality of Life Research
Uitgave 2/2014
Print ISSN: 0962-9343
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2649