The Irizar PB is a coach body built by Irizar on a wide range of chassis. It was designed by Arup Design Research in the UK. Its revolutionary styling and features led to the variant with a Scania chassis being named European Coach of the Year 2004.[1]

The PB body is available in 13 different combinations, each suited to particular chassis. Lengths range from 12 m to 15 m for tri-axle variants. The body is available in two heights: 3.5 m and 3.7 m.

1.
Scania 4-series (bus)
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The Scania 4-series low floor city bus and coach range was introduced by Scania in 1997 as a successor to the 3-series bus range. The 4-series bus range was first presented in September 1996, when the integral low-floor city bus OmniCity was revealed, production of the chassis range started in second half of 1997, and by the end of 1998 all worldwide production facilities had changed from 3-series to 4-series. Unlike the 3-series, which was a range of 45 different chassis models, at launch there were a total of seven major configurations, presumably the F HB, K EB, K IB, L IB, L UB, N UA and N UB. These were later followed by the F HA, K UB, L IA, L UA, the first letter describing the position of the engine, and the last two letters describing areas of use. In marketing of the 4-series, Scania have generally used the engine position, the engine displacement and the series number. The 4-series was superseded in 2006 by the new Euro IV compliant bus, some 4-series products have been available for a couple of years after this. Engines available at launch were the 9. 0-litre DSC9 and the 11. 7-litre DSC12, the DSC9 with outputs at 220 hp,260 hp and 310 hp, and the DSC12 with outputs at 360 hp and 420 hp. In November 1999, Scania presented a new range of Euro III compliant truck engines, the DSC9 and the DSC12 were renamed DC9 and DC12, and new power outputs were 230 hp,260 hp and 300 hp for the DC9 and 420 hp for the DC12. To fill the gap between them, they were joined by the new 10. 6-litre DC11 engine with outputs at 340 hp and 380 hp. The 9. 0-litre engine was available with alternative fuels. The OSC9 G01 CNG engine had ratings of 260 hp, which was tuned up to 990 Nm. It was later replaced by the OC9 with power outputs of 260 hp and 300 hp, in selected markets even the ethanol fueled DSI9 E01 was available, with a power output of 230 hp. The F94 and F114 were the chassis, replacing the F93. They were mainly produced in São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil and Tucumán, the F94HA was an articulated chassis with remotely mounted Voith gearbox, leaf-spring suspension on the front axle and air suspension on both drive and trailer axle. It is known as a puller artic, where no hydraulic articulation control is needed, the F94HB was a two-axle chassis with leaf-spring suspension. It was available with both normal chassis height and a higher version, in Africa it was also available as the Scania F114 with a bigger engine. The K94, K114 and K124 were fitted with a longitudinally rear-mounted engine, replacing the K93, initially only available as K94 and K124, the K114 became available in 2000. It could be built as a coach, a coach or intercity bus

2.
Mercedes-Benz buses
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Mercedes-Benz has been making buses since 1895 in Mannheim in Germany. Since 1995, the brand of Mercedes-Benz buses and coaches is under the umbrella of EvoBus GmbH, the worlds first motorised bus was built in Germany by Karl Benz in 1895, some years before Gottlieb Daimler also started to build and sell buses in Germany as well. By 1898 both Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler, then rivals, were exporting their buses to Wales, soon Daimler products were sold in the British Empire in a partnership with the British company Milnes. Milnes-Daimler developed a double-decker in 1902 and provided a bus for the first motorised bus service in the United Kingdom the following year. Though the company met success in selling buses throughout the British Empire, due to economic hardships in the early 1900s, Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft and Benz & Cie. merged into one company in 1926, two years after both companies signed an agreement of mutual interest. In the next year, the company presented its first combined bus range, by that time emphasis was given to diesel engines for commercial vehicles. In 1951 Mercedes-Benz unveiled its first bus specifically designed for bus operation - the O6600 H and this 11-metre-long vehicle was equipped with a six-cylinder, transverse-mounted rear engine delivering 145 hp, a lower frame than its predecessors, and an electric gearshift system. In 1954 Mercedes-Benz unveiled its first semi-integral bus - the O321 H, the semi-integral design meant a reduction in weight, improvements in stability and body resistance. The O321 H also was the first to feature coil springs in the front-axle suspension and this 9. 2-metre-long vehicle also featured a rear-mounted engine. The first version was available with an output of 110 hp, in the year 1951, technicians from Daimler Benz, accompanied by Brazilian specialists, carried out studies to analyse the viability of producing vehicles in Brazil. Two years later, on 7 October 1953, Mercedes-Benz do Brasil was officially founded, a plant was then built in São Bernardo do Campo in São Paulo State, Brazil. On 28 September 1956 the plant was inaugurated in the presence of the then President of Brazil and this date marks the birth of the Brazilian vehicle industry. Until 1958 only lorries were produced in the Brazilian plant, in 1958, the integral bus Mercedes-Benz O321 H also started to be produced in Brazil, supplying the Brazilian market as well as the market of other South American countries. For instance,550 units of Brazilian-made O321 integral buses were exported to Argentina in 1961, in 1963, a front-engine bus chassis was unveiled, based on the LP321 lorry. New versions of this chassis as well as new versions of the O321 integral bus were presented the following year, the first integral bus tailored to the Brazilian market was the O326, a rear-engine coach unveiled in 1966. It featured the turbo-charged OM326 engine delivering up to 200 hp, one year later, a new front-engine bus chassis was also unveiled – the LPO344, also based on a lorry chassis. In 1969 a new rural- and urban-service bus was presented by Mercedes-Benz do Brasil, designated O352, this integral bus was equipped with a direct-injection diesel engine. Two new front-engine chassis were presented that same year – the LPO1113, during the 1970s the plant in São Bernardo do Campo was being expanded to meet with the increasing demand for the production of commercial vehicles

3.
Arup Group
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The firm has over 14,000 staff based in 92 offices across 42 countries, and is present in Africa, the Americas, Australasia, East Asia, Europe and the Middle East. Arup has participated in projects in over 160 countries, Arup is owned by trusts, the beneficiaries of which are Arups past and present employees, who receive a share of the firms operating profit each year. The firm was founded in London in 1946, as the Ove N. Arup Consulting Engineers by Ove Arup and he set out to build a firm where professionals of diverse disciplines could work together to produce projects of greater quality than was achievable by them working in isolation. In 1963, together with the architect Philip Dowson, Arup Associates was formed, in 1970, the firm reformed as Ove Arup & Partners. It is best known for its work for the built environment. Projects to which it has contributed include the Sydney Opera House,3, Nevada, USA Druk White Lotus School was built to survive the Ladakhi weather. Kingdom Centre, The third tallest skyscraper in Saudi Arabia, and the second tallest in Riyadh and this group continues to work under the banner of Arup Associates following a streamlining of the Arup brand. Many of Arups modern stadia are designed with a contemporary, distinctive edge, the most notable stadium projects led by Arup remain the City of Manchester Stadium, Allianz Arena, Beijing National Stadium, Donbass Arena and the Singapore Sports Hub. Arups multidisciplinary sports venue design and engineering scope on the Singapore Sports Hub won the 2013 World Architecture Festival Award in the Future Projects, the Casa da Música, Oporto, designed by Arup and Office for Metropolitan Architecture was nominated for the 2007 Stirling Prize. Arup was awarded the Worldaware Award for Innovation for its Vawtex air system in Harare International School, Arup Fire has won the Fire Safety Engineering Design award four times since its creation in 2001. The 2001 inaugural award was won for Arups contribution to the Eden Project in Cornwall, UK, in 2004, the design for Londons City Hall was appointed joint winner. In 2005, the Temple Mills Eurostar Depot won, the 2006 winning entry was for Amethyst House, a nine-storey building with an atrium from the ground to the top, in Manchester, UK. Arup was also awarded Royal Town Planning Institute Consultancy of the award in 2008. Mike Glover is the recipient of the 2008 Institution of Structural Engineers Gold Medal, the Evelyn Grace Academy, London designed by Zaha Hadid Architects and Arup won the prestigious RIBA Stirling Prize 2011. Arup was named Tunnel Design Firm of the Year at the 2012 ITA AITES International Tunnelling Awards, Arup Fellow is a lifelong honorary title awarded to selected honorary individuals in the firm. It acknowledges the highest design and technical achievements of people, not only within the firm and they are considered role models who possess world-class expertise who put theory into effective practice. Sir Ove Nyquist Arup, structural engineer and philosopher, founder of the company, recipient of the RIBA Royal Gold Medal for Architecture 1966, peter Dunican, structural engineer, first chairman of Ove Arup Partnership, and President of the Institution of Structural Engineers in 1977 and 1978. Sir Jack Zunz, civil engineer, and principal designer of the Sydney Opera House

4.
United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state‍—‌the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government

5.
Scania AB
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Scania AB, formerly AB Scania-Vabis, is a major Swedish automotive industry manufacturer of commercial vehicles – specifically heavy trucks and buses. It also manufactures engines for motive power of heavy vehicles, marine. Today, Scania has production facilities in Sweden, France, Netherlands, India, Argentina, Brazil, Poland, in addition, there are assembly plants in ten countries in Africa, Asia and Europe. Scanias sales and service organisation and finance companies are worldwide, in 2012, the company employed approximately 42,100 people around the world. Scania was listed on the NASDAQ OMX Stockholm stock exchange from 1996 to 2014, Scanias logo shows a Griffin, from the coat of arms of the province of Scania. AB Scania-Vabis was established in 1911 as the result of a merger between Södertälje-based Vabis and Malmö-based Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania, Vabis was established as a railway car manufacturer in 1891, while Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania was established as a bicycle manufacturer in 1900. Both companies had tried their luck at building automobiles, trucks and engines, in 1910, Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania had succeeded in constructing reliable vehicles, while Vabis was at the brink of closing down. Development and production of engines and light vehicles were set to Södertälje, initially the headquarters were located in Malmö, but in 1912 they were moved to Södertälje. Prince Carl of Sweden owned a 1913 Scania-Vabis 3S, a type which was fitted with in-car buttons so the passenger could communicate with the driver, Scania-Vabis also built two-seat sports cars. For the next few years the companys profits stagnated, with around a third of their orders coming from abroad, the outbreak of the First World War, however, changed the company, with almost all output being diverted to the Swedish Army. By 1916, Scania-Vabis was making enough profit to invest in redeveloping both of their production facilities, following the war, in 1919, Scania decided to focus completely on building trucks, abandoning other outputs including cars and buses. However, they were hurt by the swamping of the market with decommissioned military vehicles from the war, after some economic difficulties in 1921, new capital came from Stockholms Enskilda Bank owned by the Wallenberg family, and Scania-Vabis became a solid and technically, high standing, company. Denmark Towards the end of 1913, the established a subsidiary in Denmark. The following year the first Danish-built car, a four-seater Phaeton, was built at the companys Frederiksberg factory in Copenhagen, in 1914, the factory produced Denmarks first Scania-Vabis truck, and following this developed a V8 engine, one of the first in the world. In 1921, having sold around 175 trucks, and 75 cars, Norway In 1917 an agreement was established with the newly formed Norwegian company Norsk Automobilfabrik A/S about production under license of Scania-Vabis cars and lorries. Production began in 1919, but was ended in 1921 after production of only 77 lorries, during the Second World War Scania produced a variety of military vehicles for the Swedish Army, including Stridsvagn m/41 light tanks produced under licence. During the 1950s, the company expanded its operations into new segments, becoming agents for the Willys Jeep and the Volkswagen Beetle. It also started to become a competitor to Volvo with their new L71 Regent truck which was introduced in 1954

6.
MAN Truck & Bus
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MAN Truck & Bus AG is the largest subsidiary of the MAN SE corporation, and one of the leading international providers of commercial vehicles. MAN Truck & Bus also produces diesel and natural-gas engines, the MAN acronym originally stood for Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG pronounced or ), formerly MAN AG. Trucks and buses of the product brand MAN and buses of the product brand Neoplan belong to the MAN Truck & Bus Group, on 1 January 2011, MAN Nutzfahrzeuge was renamed as MAN Truck & Bus to better reflect the companys products on the international market. From 1967 until 1977, MAN collaborated with Frances Saviem, selling their light to medium duty trucks with MAN badging in Germany, after the end of this, a deal was struck with Volkswagen which lasted until 1993. Production of a truck using the Volkswagen LT body started in 1979 and it was available with four engines and four wheelbases over its lifetime, there was also a 4X4 version called 8.150 FAE. FAE means forward control cab, all-wheel drive, single tyres so the F nomenclature means forward control cab and this series is usually referred to as the G90, from the most common model, but also as the G-series. In the United Kingdom it was marketed as the MAN MT series. The original lineup in the UK consisted of the 6.90 and the 8.90, several models of the MAN-VWCV and the VWCV LT ranges were marketed in Spain by Enasa as Pegaso Ekus, in a typical badge engineering operation. MAN-VWCVs were built in Volkswagens Hanover factory until other Volkswagen models took priority, MAN-VWCV Range 6.90,8.90,6.100,8.136,8.100,8.150,9.136,9.150 &10.136. F & FAE are sometimes on the end of some of these model numbers, the company is a part of the Shaanxi Automobile Group. Quezon City, Assembling of trucks and buses at MAN Truck and Bus Center assembly plant in Novaliches, HX LX / FX SX LE / L2000 ME / M2000 FE / F2000 CLA TGL, with hybrid trucks. TGM TGA TGX / TGS - variant of TGS model was used for Dakar Rally TGE - A Volkswagen Crafter With A MAN Badge

7.
Scania K-series
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The Scania K-series is a series of chassis in Scanias city bus and coach range with longitudinally, straight-up mounted engine at the rear, replacing the K- and L-type chassis of the 4-series. The K-series was first presented on Busworld 2005 in Kortrijk, Belgium, the power code has spaces on both sides. Note, One might think that double-decker coaches are designated as K440 ED6x2*4NI, but they still use K EB for some reason. For the 5- and 6-cylinder engines Scania is using exhaust gas recirculation, in 2008 Scania released upgraded Euro V engines in order to meet these regulations. The 5-cylinder DC9 engines featured a larger bore and displace 9. 3-litres instead of 8. 9-litres, the new DC13 engines feature both a larger bore and a longer stroke, and therefore displace 12. 7-litres instead of 11. 7-litres. Some engines also received slight performance improvements, for example the DC9 engine that outputs 310 hp was upgraded to 320 hp. With the introduction of Euro VI engines in 2013, the DC09 outputs 250 hp,280 hp,320 hp and 360 hp, Euro III, IV and V engines are still available for export markets. The 8. 9-litre is available as the ethanol fueled DC9 E02 with an output of 270 hp. The K280EB, K310EB, K320EB, K340EB, K360EB, K380EB, K400EB, K410EB, K420EB, K440EB, K450EB, K470EB, K480EB and K490EB chassis have independent front suspension and are used for top end coaches. The K310IA is an intercity bus chassis available in Latin America as 6x2/2 and 8x2/2. TransJakarta has one K340IA,51 units K320IA and 56 units K320IA from TransJakarta operator PT, available as 4x2, 6x2, 6x2*4 and 8x2. Sydney Buses currently has one K310UA in service on Metrobus Route 10, in Adelaide, Light-City Buses currently have 65 K320UA units plus 5 K360UAs. In addition Torrens Transit has one K310UA unit which was used as a trial bus on the O-bahn and is owned by Scania. TT also has 12 K320UAs and 4 K360UAs, southlink currently have 20 K320UA units plus 16 K360UAs. There is also a K320UD being trialled in the hills The K230UB, K250UB, K270UB, K280UB, K305UB, K310UB, K320UB, a pair of K380UB 6x2*4 with the 11. 7-litre engine has also been made for a customer in Norway. Numerous bus operators in Australia have operate the Scania K-series chassis, in Melbourne, CDC Melbourne, Transdev Melbourne and Ventura Bus Lines all operate fleets of K230UBs. In Geelong, CDC Geelong operates a number of K230UBs and McHarrys Buslines also operate a number of K270UBs, K270IBs, K280UBs, K280IBs, K320IBs and one K310IB. In Sydney, Busways and ComfortDelGro Cabcharges Hillsbus and Hunter Valley Buses subsidiaries have significant numbers of K230UBs, K280UBs and K310UBs in their fleet, Transdev NSW also operates a fleet of K230UBs while State Transit operate K280UBs

8.
Irizar
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Irizar Group is a Spanish-based builder of luxury coach vehicle bodies, established in 1889. It is located in Ormaiztegi in the Basque Country, Spain and it is the market-leading builder of coach vehicle bodies in Spain, and ranks second in Europe, its coach bodies being available in many parts of the world. Together they have a production of over 3,000 bodies a year, the Irízar group also owns Hispacold, which makes air conditioning systems for coaches, and Masats, makers of automated bus and coach doors and ramps. Irízar works especially closely with Scania, having designed a bodywork. However, Irizar bodies can also be found on other platforms, such as MAN, Irisbus, Volvo, Mercedes-Benz. The finished bodies were sent to the Lamborghini factory in SantAgata Bolognese to mount them on the chassis