On the hunt for history

Students sift for clues to the past at Ninety Six National Historic Site

USC students spent three weeks this summer sifting for clues to the past at the Ninety
Six National Historic Site. They used metal detectors to examine the soil.

Austen Monzel spent three weeks of his summer digging through 200-year-old trash.

Monzel was one of five University of South Carolina students who joined archaeology
professor Steven D. Smith, the director of the South Carolina Institute of Archaeology
and Anthropology, at a field school last month at the Ninety Six National Historic
Site. The students searched for historic remnants of a trading post established by
18th century entrepreneur Robert Gouedy in the 1750s. The post was later fortified
by the Americans in 1759, expanded in 1761, and was twice attacked by Cherokee Indians.

“We’re pretty sure we found the edge of the palisade wall,” Monzel says.

Ninety Six, an early colonial settlement, played an important role in South Carolina
history. Besides Gouedy’s post, the park includes the colonial village of Ninety Six
and two Revolutionary War forts. The task of helping document that role kept Monzel
and his fellow searchers sifting through layers of discolored soil, two centimeters
at a time.

“I’m interested in finding out what happened there,” says Monzel, a senior anthropology
major from Bluffton. “It tells a story of what was going on. We can tell what people
ate, what tools they were using.”

The summer field school at Ninety Six is a U.S. National Parks Service pilot program.
If additional funding can be secured, the Parks Service, in partnership with the South
Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, hopes to conduct similar research
at other American Revolution Parks — a grouping which includes Cowpens (S.C.) National
Battlefield, Kings Mountain (N.C.) National Military Park and Overmountain Victory
National Historic Trail in York County, S.C.

“All of those parks are Revolutionary War battlefields that now share a superintendent
and management team,” says Sarah Cunningham, chief of integrated resources and facilities
for the Southern Campaign of the American Revolution Parks. “We were able to devote
some funding and put that into an agreement and work with Steve to create a field
school. The agreement is broad enough that we can initiate work at any other parks.”

Only so much is written down. Being able to see what’s underground can give really
good insight.

Sarah Cunningham

Along with helping establish the palisade ditch, the USC students also discovered
a trash pit filled with time-weathered treasures such as animal bones and arrowheads.
Monzel also unearthed ceramic and glass fragments and a few yet-to-be-identified teeth.

“The students are getting archaeological experience. They’ve learned a lot,” Smith
says. “We hope to establish this as a continuing program with the National Parks Service.”

Cunningham says that while a fair amount of archaeological work has been done at the Ninety Six site, not much work has taken place in recent
years.

“There are a lot of things that we don’t know yet about Ninety Six,” she says. “One
of the ways that we can learn more and tell the story of what happened here and the
people who lived here is through archaeology. Only so much is written down. Being
able to see what’s underground can give really good insight.”

Other finds from the Ninety Six field school included musket balls, lead shot and
pieces of a cannon.

“I really enjoyed just going out there and digging and seeing what we could find,”
Monzel says.

Cunningham hopes additional field schools can “create a new cadre of archaeologists
who are interested in Revolutionary War battlefields,” she says. “I’m excited about
what the future holds if we can continue getting additional field schools. That’s
my ultimate dream, to have a field school every summer.”

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