Sick Sinus Syndrome

(SSS; Bradycardia-Tachycardia Syndrome; Sinus Node Dysfunction)

Definition

The sinus node is a group of cells in the heart that make the heart beat (contract) in a regular pattern. Sick sinus syndrome is a group of symptoms that suggest the sinus node is not working properly. Sick sinus syndrome can lead to:

Anatomy of the Heart

The sinus node is the pacemaker of the heart. It creates and sends electrical signals that stimulate the heart to contract in a regular pattern. The sinus nodes ability to function may be disrupted by:

Problems within the heart tissue—such as damage of the sinus node, long-term illness, or surgical injury

Outside factors acting on the heart tissue—such as exposure to toxins or certain drugs/medications

Sick sinus syndrome is fairly rare. It occurs most often in elderly people and those who have had damage to the heart tissue. It can rarely occur in infants and children due to congenital abnormalities in the heart.

At first, sick sinus syndrome may not have symptoms or the symptoms may come and go. Since the syndrome can cause a variety of problems, symptoms will be different from person to person.

Some people can feel irregular heart beats as flutters in their chest, very rapid heart beats, or missed beats. If the irregular heart patterns are severe enough to affect blood flow to the body symptoms may include:

Chest pain

Fainting

Confusion or lightheadedness

Facial flushing

Fatigue

These symptoms may be caused by other, less serious health conditions. If you experience any one of them, see your doctor.

Sick sinus syndrome may go undetected for some time if it is not causing symptoms. Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. To examine the electrical activity of your heart your doctor order one or more of the following test:

For people with no symptoms, treatment may not be needed. Sick sinus syndrome can eventually increase the risk of other cardiovascular issues such as
atrial fibrillation,
heart failure, heart attack, or stroke. As a result, your doctor will monitor your overall heart health.

Treatment may be needed if the irregular heart patterns are disrupting the flow of blood through the heart. The exact treatment will depend on the individual's needs. Options include the following:

Pacemaker
—A device may be inserted that sends electrical impulses to the heart to stimulate a normal rhythm when needed. Often used with slow heart rhythm.

Medication—May help to control fast heart rates or stimulate slow rates.

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.

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