Giới thiệu chung :This paper provides an overview of development characteristics of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam over the 2006-2015 period. Employing large-scale data from the Vietnam Enterprise Census, we found that SMEs in Vietnam have experienced different development trends in two separate stages. Before 2010, number of enterprises, number of employees, total capital as well as total revenues of SME sector all enjoyed progressive increase. Since 2011, however, most of them suffered sharp decrease with different extent before showing some positive signs in 2015. Our analysis has also shown that SMEs have increased considerably in quantity but not in quality. In particular, a growing proportion of enterprises in the business sector is either micro- or small-sized; and the number of employees per enterprise has decreased over time. There have been shifts of SME labor and capital from agriculture, forestry, fisheries and manufacturing to services with a considerable number of ...

Giới thiệu chung :In this context, the 19th National Congress of The Communist Party Of China not only marks five years in power of Xi Jinping, but also opens a new development direction for China in the next 10 years. With a host of crucial targets to fulfill in the next term after the 19th Party Congress, China will surely take more drastic and unpredictable actions. Therefore, it is of significant importance for countries like Viet Nam to keep a close watch on and conduct an in-depth analysis of the 19th National Congress – the first movement for the following years of development.Download

Giới thiệu chung :This paper analyzes the industrial success of the telecommunications industry in Vietnam using developmental rent management analysis (DRMA). The empirical evidence for this study is primarily based on 42 semi-structured interviews with government officials, firm managers, suppliers, workers, and industry experts from 2010 to 2012. DRMA suggests that the industry’s success was based on a number of rent management factors that corrected certain market failures and encouraged significant effort for learning and technology adoption. These factors were fundamentally based on: (1) favorable political supports for rent creation from the state, (2) an effective structure of rent allocation and implementation, and (3) credible incentives and pressures that encouraged industrial upgrading. While each factor by itself was insufficient to ensure the success of the industry, their synthesis was such that Vietnamese telecom operators, in particular Viettel Group, were motivated and compelled to ...

Giới thiệu chung : This paper proposes a new mechanism linking technology, gender inequality in education, and fertility in a unified growth model. There are three main components to the mechanism: First, increases in the level of technology not only increase the return to human capital but also reduce women's time in doing housework, leaving women with more time for child care and labor-force participation, since technological progress creates labour-saving products for doing housework. Second, the decreases in women's time devoted to housework in the future make households today invest less in education for their sons in order to invest more education for their daughters because the marginal return to female education is higher than that to male education, therefore, improving the gender equality in education. Third, the better gender equality in education, in turn, accelerates the technological progress. This positive feedback loop generates a demographic transition accompanied with ...

Giới thiệu chung :The issues of development in developing countries are twofold. First, growth and development requires technological upgrading and industrial capability-building. Second, embedded within each developing economy is a rent-seeking society, which operates both formally and informally. This paper assesses each of the two issues in turn by presenting an overview of key contributions in the literature on the institutional economic analysis of technological change, learning, rents, and rent-seeking. It first reviews the neoclassical literature on technology and growth, which was largely derived from Solow’s model on growth and technical change. The following section presents alternative approaches, which challenge Solow’s and others’ assumptions by pointing out that the appropriation of knowledge is neither automatic nor costless. It is in this context that a state’s intervention in the forms of industrial policies is arguably essential for catching up. Next, the paper surveys the theoretical ...

Giới thiệu chung :We extend the model in Galor and Weil (2000), considering geographical factors, to show that, under some initial condition, an economy may be locked in Malthusian stagnation and it never takes off. Specifically, we show how the interplay of “land”, its “accessibility”, and technology prevents an economy from escaping stagnation.Download

Giới thiệu chung :This paper develops a unified growth model capturing issues of endogenous economic growth, fertility and technological progress considering the effects of geographical conditions to interpret the long transition from Malthusian stagnation, through demographic transition to modern sustained growth, and the great divergence in GDP per capita across societies. The paper shows how the interplay of size of “land” and its “accessibility” and technological progress play a very important role for an economy to escape Malthusian stagnation and to take off. Thus differences in these geographical factors lead to differences in take-off timings, generating great divergence across societies. Download

Giới thiệu chung :Vietnam has experienced a dramatic growth in its fisheries sector over the last two decades. One key factor underlying the impressive achievements of this sector is the rapid growth of the processing firms, which include both state-owned privately-owned firms. In order to measure their technical and allocative efficiency, we estimate a shadow cost system using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo procedure. We find that firms have not fully exploited economies of scale. They are likely to over-utilize labor relative to capital, but those located in Mekong delta generally perform better than those located in other regions. Small firms tend to have higher allocative efficiency than larger ones. Interestingly, based on this measure, while in other regions state-owned enterprises do worse than private enterprises, the pattern seems to be reserved in the Mekong delta. In addition, large fluctuations in efficiency change and productivity change across several firms may indicate the ...

Giới thiệu chung :In examining the industrial success of Vietnam’s fast growing economy, this paper firstly asks whether FDI based industrial policy in the motorcycle industry resulted in industrial success and, if so, why. Using the political economy framework of rents and rent seeking, this paper assesses the triangular rent-seeking relationship between three countries Vietnam, Japan and China – in relation to Vietnam’s motorcycle industry. The paper concludes that the Vietnamese government’s policy in offering rents for foreign investors were largely unsuccessful in the short term; however, some accidental rents have led to significant technological transformation in the production chain among assemblers and producers. Download

Giới thiệu chung :In this study, we use an evidence based approach to identify and analyze the key drivers ofinflation in Vietnam in recent years. The literature on inflation in Vietnam, which is mainly notup-to-date with recent events and changes, focuses on the demand-pull factors of inflation and ignores the cost-push factors. The only consideration for supply side factors is the inclusion of world prices (often as external supply shock). Also, one important demand factor that has not been studied (quantitatively) is the role of budget deficit and public debt on inflation. The study is expected to provide the current policy debates in Vietnam with a reliable, scientific and evidence-based macroeconomic research on the main causes of inflation. As controlling inflation is one of the key concerns of the policy agenda this year and the next, this study hopes to clarify the problem and contribute to the macro policy making process.Download