When we see records being broken and unprecedented events such as this, the onus is on those who deny any connection to climate change to prove their case. Global warming has fundamentally altered the background conditions that give rise to all weather. In the strictest sense, all weather is now connected to climate change. Kevin Trenberth

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In his letter about our study (1), Aarstad (2) claims that the dominant perspective of climate scientists captured in our recent study (1) may not necessarily reflect objective truth judged by history. We present three responses to Aarstad's comments. First, risk management presents a more relevant and explicit framework for assessing scientific confidence around anthropogenic climate change (ACC) than does waiting for history's judgment of truth. Second, such claims of group-think or conspiracy-driven patterns in climate science fundamentally lack data and, therefore, credibility. Third, such unsubstantiated points contribute no substance to the discourse regarding climate science. We stand by the analysis presented in our …