The adjusted pay gap ranges from a low of 3.9% in Australia to a high of 6.3% in France. The adjusted pay gap in the U.S. is 5.4%. The adjusted pay gap controls for variables such as education, experience, and location. The lack of these controls is a shortcoming of some other pay gap analyses.

Further, the report finds that in the countries studied that about one-third of the gap is due to factors like discrimination, be it overt or unconscious, while about two-thirds of the gap is explainable by worker differences.(Note: there is variability by country.)

The report also concludes that pay transparency can root out unjustifiable pay gaps.