Water utilities in developing countries are struggling to provide customers with a reliable level of service due to their peculiar water distribution characteristics including poorly zoned networks with irregular supply operating under restricted budgets. These unique conditions demand unique tools and methods for water loss control. Water loss management: Tools and Methods for Developing Countries provide a decision support toolbox (appropriate tools and methodologies) for assessing, quantifying, prioritising strategies and improving water distribution efficiency in the developing countries. It promotes good stewardship of water resources and sustainable delivery of water supply services in urban water distribution systems.

This thesis showed that soil aquifer treatment (SAT) is an effective polishing technology for reuse of primary effluent. The study experimentally revealed relatively high removal of suspended solids, bulk organic matter, nutrients, pharmaceutically active compounds and pathogens indicators under various operating conditions. Furthermore, the tools and water quality prediction model developed based on laboratory, pilot and field data could be used for proper design, execution and operation of new SAT schemes. The model could be used to estimate the expected removal of contaminants and assess the need for post-treatment of reclaimed water.