Javascript

CSS

Tim Berners-Lee is the inventor of HTML. He proposed an internet based hypertext system in 1989 and publicized the ideas of HTML in a document called HTML Tags in 1991. These ideas were later adopted by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as the standards for HTML.

In 1994, Netscape (formerly known as Mosaic Communications Corporation) released a web browser Netscape Navigator. This software is capable of retrieving HTML pages over the internet and presenting the pages to the users in a graphical form. This web browser brought about excitement and explosion of the World Wide Web. At its peak, Netscape was used by over 90% of web users worldwide. The wide acceptance of the browser subsequently led to a very successful Initial Public Offering (IPO) of Netscape in the following year. Other companies like Microsoft responded by launching their own web browser Internet Explorer.

Since early days, the HTML language is considered to be a forgiving language. A web page author could create a HTML page with missing tags or slashes and his contents would still be rendered "correctly" by the browser. With the introduction of more browsers and with each browser handling the errors differently, the forgiving nature of HTML made authoring HTML more difficult.

This led to the idea of reformulating HTML as a XML (Extensible Markup Language) document. A XML document is a well-formed document and requires accurate markup to pass the different validation rules. The idea is for the browsers to reject incorrectly markup HTML documents and simply return an error to the users, leading to cleaner and better-formed HTML documents...

HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is a markup language used for creating ubiquitous web pages. A markup language consists of a set of tags to give meanings or structure to the content of the web pages.

The markup language as shown below is an example of indicating a particular phrase as a title.

<title>Hello World</title>

Web browsers like Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox or Safari can retrieve web pages consisting of markups and present them to the users in an intended structure that is both meaningful and organized.

An overview of HTML5

HTML5 introduces many new elements to add semantic meanings to web pages and capabilities for developing modern web applications. The elements are summarized in the two sections below.

Basic Elements

section

nav

article

aside

hgroup

header

footer

time

mark

The basic elements aim to improve existing web pages by providing element tags to add semantic meanings to the web pages.
For example, many web authors have typically segmented their web pages to header, content and footer sections. They have also added blocks of hyperlinks to link to different parts of their web pages known as navigation bars. Prior to HTML5, web authors depended on the <div> tag to segregate different parts of the web page. As of HTML5, the <nav>, <header> and <footer> tags will be used for these purposes.

Advance Elements/Features

Canvas

IndexedDB

Web Sockets

Web Workers

Local Storage

Offline Web Applications

Input Types

MicroData

HTML5 also introduces many new elements for developing modern web applications. For example, the <canvas> element provides web authors with a bitmap canvas for rendering charts, games or other images. With the help of Javascript, web authors can render almost any graphics on the canvas.
Prior to HTML5, videos can only be embedded on a web page with the help of third-party plug-ins e.g. Flash or Quicktime. HTML5 now provides a <video& element tag to standardize the way to embed videos. Web browsers will be able to display the videos by rendering them natively without the use of third-party plug-ins.

HTML5 also provides mechanisms to store information or data locally on the browsers. This allows web applications to be more interactive without requiring additional server calls to store information. HTML5 also introduces capabilities for web applications to be used offline without an internet connection, thus improving their usability.