attainder

Attainder

AtCommon Law, that extinction ofCivil Rightsand capacities that took place whenever a person who had committedTreasonor a felony received a sentence of death for the crime.

The effect of attainder upon a felon was, in general terms, that all estate, real and personal, was forfeited. In common law, attainder resulted in three ways: by confession, by verdict, and by process or outlawry. The first case was where the prisoner pleaded guilty at the bar, or having fled, confessed guilt and abjured the realm to save his or her life. The second was where the prisoner pleaded not guilty at the bar, and the jury brought in a verdict against him or her. The third, when the person accused made his or her escape and was outlawed.

In England, by statute 33 & 34 Vict. c. 23, attainder upon conviction, with consequent corruption of blood, Forfeiture, orEscheat, was abolished. In the United States, the doctrine of attainder is now scarcely known, although during and shortly after the Revolution acts of attainder were passed by several of the states. The passage of such bills is expressly forbidden by the Constitution (Art. I, Sec. 9).

Bills of attainder are special acts of the legislature that inflict capital punishments upon persons supposed to be guilty of high offenses, such as treason and felony, without any conviction in the ordinary course of judicial proceedings. If an act inflicts a milder degree of punishment than death, it is called a bill of pains and penalties, but both are included in the prohibition in the Constitution (Art. I, Sec. 9).

The term attainder is derived from attincta, Latin for stained or blackened. When attainder occurred, the condemned person was considered to bear a mark of infamy that corrupted his or her blood. Attainder was eventually abolished in England by statute.In the United States, attainder is scarcely known today, although several states enacted acts of attainder during the Revolutionary War period. A few states consider the disqualification of a person impeached and convicted to hold any government office to be a type of attainder. Attainder is akin to the concept of civil death, the forefeiture of certain rights and privileges upon conviction of a serious crime.

attainder

formerly the extinction of a person's civil rights resulting from a sentence of death or outlawry on conviction for treason or felony; an obsolete procedure not unlike IMPEACHMENT.

ATTAINDER, English criminal law. Attinctura, the stain or corruption of
blood which arises from being condemned for any crime.
2. Attainder by confession, is either by pleading guilty at the bar
before the judges, and not putting one's self on one's trial by a jury; or
before the coroner in sanctuary, when in ancient times, the offender was
obliged to abjure the realm.
3. Attainder by verdict, is when the prisoner at the bar pleads not
guilty to the indictment, and is pronounced guilty by the verdict of the
jury.
4. Attainder by process or outlawry, is when the party flies, and is
subsequently outlawed. Co. Lit. 391.
5. Bill of attainder, is a bill brought into parliament for attainting
persons condemned for high treason. By the constitution of the United
States, art. 1, sect. 9, Sec. 3, it is provided that no bill of attainder or
ex post facto law shall be passed.

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