Culture

In this study, the growth of Oreochromis niloticus both mixed sex and males sexually reversed were analyzed in concrete ponds in the FES Zaragoza, UNAM, under the environmental conditions of the Mexico City. The experiment was carried from May to November 2013, in two concrete ponds of 50 m2. Similar feeding regime and stocking density of fish were maintained for the culture systems. Different growth parameters like body weight, length, daily weight gain (DWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion rate (FCR), Fulton’s condition index (K) and survival were analyzed during six months culture period. It was found that culture with monosex males tilapias yielded the highest weight, length, DWG and SGR compared to mixed sex populations tilapias. Water quality was monitored along the experiment. Based on the results, there were statistically significant differences in size (W = 20942.5, p < 0.05) and weight (W = 21413.0, p < 0.05) between the divisions of the pond. The initial total length used was 1.2 cm and ended with 20.4 cm for monosex males, higher than mixed-sex population. The initial average body weight of the fish was 0.21 g and they recorded 192.2 g at the end of culture for monosex males. The weight-length relationship for both populations of fish was positive allometric. The percentage gain in body weight and total length averaged were 150% and 31.8% respectively. Specific growth rates in weight and length for monosex males were higher than mixed-sex population. Daily weight gain and size was similar in both populations. The FCR had a mean value of 1.9:1 for monosex males and condition factor (K) had an average of 1.45 for mixed-sex population. Water quality indicated good oxygenation (>5 mg/L), warm water (>20°C), productive (<100 mg/L CaCO3) and slightly basic (pH > 8). Acceptable growth of fish and a yield of 3 ton/ha/6 months were obtained in both two ponds; therefore, the culture of tilapia under conditions of Mexico City was recommended.

El-Greisy, Z.A. and El-Gamal, A.E. (2012) Monosex Production of Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Using Different Doses of 17α-Methyltestosterone with Respect to the Degree of Sex Stability after One Year of Treatment. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 38, 59-66.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2012.08.005

Pauly, D. (1984) Fish Population Dynamics in Tropical Waters: A Manual for Use with Programmable Calculators. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Studies and Reviews 8, Manila.

Chakraborty, S.B. and Banerjee, S. (2010) Comparative Growth Performance of Mixed-Sex and Monosex Nile Tilapia Population in Freshwater Cage Culture System under Indian Perspective. International Journal of Biology, 2, 44-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v2n1p44

This thesis aims at analyzing the American English translation of Chinese signs in Baoding from the perspective of cultural differences. The thesis researches on signs translation from a new angle by separating American English translation from British English translation and puts special emphasis on American English signs translation, which may be helpful to the standardization of signs translation in China. Through digging out the cultural differences from different thinking mode, value, and usage of the words, the author tries to show how to make the translation purer and tries to revise the translation.

Zhao, N. , Ma, R. and Du, X. (2015) Research on American English Translation of Chinese Signs in Baoding from the Perspective of Cultural Differences. Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, 5, 1-5. doi: 10.4236/ojml.2015.51001.

This paper offers qualitative analysis of the impact of culture on international business. In particular, we discuss the potential impact of each of the nine cultural dimensions that were established by the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program, which is led by Robert J. House, on the decision to trade with or invest in another country. The analysis finds characterizations of source- and destination-country are important for each dimension when deciding between trade and FDI. Given the potentially conflicting recommendations, the dimensions are placed in a hierarchy to distinguish those most in need of consideration from those of secondary import.

Mac-Dermott, R. and Mornah, D. (2015) The Role of Culture in Foreign Direct Investment and Trade: Expectations from the GLOBE Dimensions of Culture. Open Journal of Business and Management, 3, 63-74. doi: 10.4236/ojbm.2015.31007.

Moran, T.H. and Oldenski, L. (2013) Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: Benefits, Suspicions, and Risks with Special Attention to FDI from China. Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington DC.

This paper offers qualitative analysis of the impact of culture on international business. In particular, we discuss the potential impact of each of the nine cultural dimensions that were established by the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program, which is led by Robert J. House, on the decision to trade with or invest in another country. The analysis finds characterizations of source- and destination-country are important for each dimension when deciding between trade and FDI. Given the potentially conflicting recommendations, the dimensions are placed in a hierarchy to distinguish those most in need of consideration from those of secondary import.

Mac-Dermott, R. and Mornah, D. (2015) The Role of Culture in Foreign Direct Investment and Trade: Expectations from the GLOBE Dimensions of Culture. Open Journal of Business and Management, 3, 63-74. doi: 10.4236/ojbm.2015.31007.

Moran, T.H. and Oldenski, L. (2013) Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: Benefits, Suspicions, and Risks with Special Attention to FDI from China. Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington DC.

When medium itself has become message and gets disproportionate importance, the substance of the message gets pushed back. Influence of visual media on culture and people has been increasing day by day. Though it influences people both positively and negatively, it affects more adversely than otherwise as the media has begun affecting the very identity of the masses and reduced them to passive subjects. The plurality of culture and identity of people in the third world countries are at stake. Strong resistance of the masses supported by a new order of international information is the need of the hour. Keeping this in mind, a revisit to the influence of visual media is deliberated here.

Sociocultural-interdeterminist dialogical approach focuses attention on the caused interdeteministic character of mutual relations of situational, personal and activity determinants of the behaviour, staticized in concrete historical cultural context. For example, a change in a situational context leads to changes both in the person, and in his or her activity. Achievement of changes in the person and his or her activity assumes creation of the special conditions promoting to their actualization, etc. For understanding of the nature of progress in culture and science the theoretical construct “cultural-scientific tradition” is offered, allowing to trace changes in common cultural and scientific worldview throughout the human history. Consideration of personality problems is carried out in a three-dimensional continuum conscious-unconscious-existential, allowing to capture all variety of displays of psychological phenomenology. Proceeding from understanding of culture as orientational and normative structure of behaviour and as communicative matrix by means of which the behaviour is interpreted, integrated, coordinated and authorized (R. Priest), efficiency of use of the conceptual device of the epistemic approach of Michel Foucault and cultural framing of E. Goffman to understanding of intercultural interaction specificity is proved. The epistemic differences of European (graphic), Chinese, and classic Arabic languages are demonstrated. Intercultural competence is considered in aspect of ability of formation of shared meanings and experiences on the basis of mastering by knowledge about originalities of language, values and norms, experiences and behavioral algorithms of each other. The basis of such mutual understanding creates the dialogue that assumes unconditional acceptance of another based on tolerance and pluralism, the joint extension of the horizons directed on formation and development of coordinated and mutually endured values and senses. As unit of the analysis of intercultural interaction the evaluation of a sharedness of meanings and experiences is offered. Results of empirical research of the given approach on the example of formation of interpersonal mutual understanding of the Belarus and Chinese students are presented.

Ranganath, K.A., Spellman, B.A. and Joy-Gaba, J.A. (2010) Cognitive “Category-Based Induction” Research and Social “Persuasion” Research Are Each about What Makes Arguments Believable: A Tale of Two Literatures. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 115-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691610361604

Smith, P.B., Peterson, M.F., Thomason, S.J., Yanchuk, V.A., et al. (2011) National Culture as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Managers’ Use of Guidance Sources and How Well Work Events Are Handled. Journal of Cross- Cultural Psychology, 42, 1101-1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022110381427

Background: The practice of female genital cutting as a cultural obligation is widespread in Kenya but there is little consensus about its effects on health. Some of the health risks associated with female genital cut range from minor and short-term to major and long-term effects including pain, bleeding, infections, and, in the extreme, death. Female genital cut is widespread among the Kisii but there is no adequate information about how it is currently practised and the value people attach to it. Objective: The objective was to establish the value of female genital cut as well as the health risks associated with the practice among the Kisii community of western Kenya. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which employed a mixed method approach to generate both quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data were obtained from a randomly selected sample of 373 respondents while quantitative data were generated from focus group discussions as well as key informants interviews. Results: The Kisii consider female genital cut a cultural identifier inherited from past generations and whose main value is a rite of passage from girlhood to womanhood. Majority (63%) had heard of the health risks associated with female genital cut including transmission of infections, excessive bleeding and pain. But most of the community did not seem to know the long-term health consequences associated with female genital cut. Even though knowledge on the campaigns to eradicate the practice was found to be wide spread, the community’s response toward the campaigns was less than positive. Conclusions: The authors conclude that female genital cut continues to persist in this community because of its value as a rite of passage, which currently has no substitute. This cultural demand by far outweighs the health risks associated with female genital cut, which are being mitigated through medicalization of the practice. For intervention programmes to succeed a more culturally sensitive campaign that is acceptable or appropriate alternative rite of passage is required.