The girls, who were between the ages of 13 and 18, underwent the vaginal organ implant surgery between 2005 and 2008. All of them had Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, a rare genetic condition in which the vagina and uterus are either underdeveloped or absent. At follow-up, the organs were functioning normally, and the girls surveyed expressed normal sexual desire.

The vaginal organs were engineered with muscle and epithelial cells from biopsies of the women's genitals. The cells were taken from the tissues, grown, and put into a biodegradable material that is then formed into the shape of a vagina and fit to each patient. When the vagina is placed into the bodies of the patients, the nerves and blood vessels help expand it into tissue. The biodegradable material is absorbed into the body, and cells form a new structure and organ.

Reconstructive surgery, the more common alternative to recreating a vagina with existing tissue, can lead to complications as much as 75 percent of the time in young patients, the researchers report.

"In addition, this study is one more example of how regenerative medicine strategies can be applied to a variety of tissues and organs," said study author Anthony Atala, M.D., the director of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center's Institute for Regenerative Medicine in a statement.