The governor of Texas is the chief executive officer of the state elected by citizens every four years. Francis Richard Lubbock served as governor from November 7, 1861 to November 5, 1863. Types of records are correspondence, proclamations, petitions, appointments, resolutions, broadsides, receipts, messages to the legislature, letterpress copybooks, orders, vouchers, and lists, dating from 1861 to 1904, undated, bulk 1861-1863. Materials are mainly Lubbock's records as governor of Texas, but also include a few letters dating from his
service as a lieutenant colonel in the Confederate States Army and as state
treasurer.

The governor of Texas is the chief executive officer of the state, elected by the citizens every four years. The duties and responsibilities of the governor include serving as commander-in-chief of the state's military forces; convening special sessions of the legislature for specific purposes; delivering to the legislature at the beginning of each regular session a report on the condition of the state, an accounting of all public money under the governor's control, a recommended biennial budget, an estimate of the amounts of money required to be raised by taxation, and any recommendations he deems necessary; signing or vetoing bills passed by the legislature; and executing the laws of the state.

The office of the governor of the state of Texas was created by the Texas
Constitution of 1845. It superseded the office of the president of the Republic of
Texas upon the annexation of Texas by the United States. The 1845 Constitution
defined the term of office as two years, with no more than four years served in a
six-year period. The governor was required to be thirty years old at minimum, a U.S. citizen, and a Texas resident for at least three years (Article V, Section 4).

The 1845 Constitution outlined a number of powers held by the governor of Texas. The
governor acted as the commander-in-chief of the army, navy, and militia of the state
unless they were transferred into service under the federal government (Article V,
Section 6). He could call up a state militia to "execute
the laws of the State to suppress insurrections, and to repel invasions"
(Article VI, Section 4). The governor made recommendations to the legislature and
provided written information on the state of the government (Article V, Section 9).
He could also convene the legislature when necessary and adjourn the legislature in
the case of a disagreement between the House and Senate (Article V, Section 8). The
governor had the power to grant reprieves and pardons in criminal cases except those
of treason or impeachment, and to approve or disapprove bills, orders, resolutions,
or votes from the legislature (Article V, Sections 11, 17 and 18). The governor also
appointed supreme and district court judges and an attorney general with the consent
of two-thirds of the Senate (Article IV, Sections 5 and 12).

The 1845 Constitution also created the office of secretary of state, appointed by the
governor and confirmed by the Senate for the governor's term of service. The
secretary of state worked closely with the governor, and was required to "keep a fair register of all official acts and proceedings
of the governor" (Article V, Section 16). It called for
the election of a lieutenant governor at the time of the governor's election with
the same qualifications and term of office, but to be voted for separately by
electors. The lieutenant governor served as president of the Senate and could cast a
deciding vote in ties, as well as take on the governor's powers in his absence or
until a new governor was elected and qualified or the previous governor was able to
resume office (Article V, Section 12). The 1845 Constitution further called for the
biennial election of a state treasurer and comptroller of public accounts by the
legislature, with vacancies to be filled by the governor (Article V, Section 23).
However, a constitutional amendment in 1850 allowed the public election of the state
treasurer and comptroller.

The constitutional language defining the office of the governor changed marginally
with the Texas Constitution of 1861, which was written when Texas seceded from the
United States to join the Confederate States at the onset of the Civil War. The 1861
Constitution replaced mention of the United States with the Confederate States,
removed a requirement for U.S. citizenship for Texas governors, raised the
governor's salary, and set a date for the governor and lieutenant governor to take
office after an election.

The Constitution of 1866 arose out of the Constitution of 1861 with certain
amendments made during the Constitutional Convention of 1866. These amendments were
intended to bring the Texas constitution back into compliance with United States
law. The Constitution of 1866 made minor alterations to the office of the governor,
extending his term of office to four years with no more than eight years served in a
12-year period, and increasing his salary to $4,000 annually. He was also
granted the power of the item veto on appropriations and to convene the legislature
outside of the state capital if necessary.

Another constitutional convention took place in 1868-1869 under the Reconstruction Acts of 1867, ultimately producing the Constitution of 1869. It affected the office of the governor by again raising the governor's salary, this time to $5,000 annually, and giving the governor the right to appoint the attorney general and secretary of state, with the other state offices being appointed by election.

Francis Richard Lubbock was governor of Texas from November 7, 1861 to November 5,
1863. Lubbock was born in South Carolina on October 16, 1815; he clerked in a
hardware store and managed a cotton warehouse before he became a druggist in New
Orleans in 1834. He followed his brother Tom to Texas in 1836, after the Battle of
San Jacinto. He claimed to have sold the first barrel of flour and the first sack of
coffee in the village of Houston. After clerking in the House of Representatives in
the Second Congress of Texas, he was appointed comptroller of the Republic. He
became the district clerk of Harris County in 1841, and bought a ranch near
Harrisburg in 1846.

Lubbock was elected lieutenant governor in 1857, and governor in 1861. Among his
actions were the mobilizing of a frontier regiment of cavalry against hostile
Indians, the modest expansion of industrial resources, and the sale of U.S. bonds
acquired in 1850 to help replenish an exhausted treasury. His interpretation of
conscription laws made every able-bodied man between 16 and 60 years of age liable
for military service. He did not run for re-election, preferring to join the
Confederate Army as a lieutenant colonel in November 1863. In 1864 he joined
Jefferson Davis' staff, and was captured with him in May 1865. Upon his release he
returned to business in Houston and Galveston. He was tax collector in Galveston for
three years, and state treasurer (1879-1891). As state treasurer, he was an active
member of the Capitol Building Commission. He served under Governor James Hogg on
the Board of Pardons before retiring at age 80. Lubbock wrote his autobiography
Six Decades in Texas in 1900. He died in Austin on
June 22, 1905.

The governor of Texas is the chief executive officer of the state elected by citizens every four years. Francis Richard Lubbock served as governor from November 7, 1861 to November 5, 1863. Types of records are correspondence, proclamations, petitions, appointments, resolutions,
broadsides, receipts, messages to the legislature, letterpress copybooks, orders,
vouchers, and lists, dating from 1861 to 1904, and undated, bulk 1861-1863. Materials
are mainly Lubbock's records as governor of Texas, but also include
a few letters dating from his service as a lieutenant colonel in the Confederate
States Army and as state treasurer. The majority of the records consist of incoming
letters which relate primarily to Confederate military affairs in Texas. Some of the
general topics dealt with include personal requests and petitions for exemptions
from military service, reports of inadequate coastal and frontier defenses, reports
of Native American depredations, military orders and reports regarding troop
engagements and transferals and supply reports, requests to raise and command
military companies, requests for arms and ammunition, reports of numbers of
volunteers, letters relating to the sale and shipment of cotton, letters related to
Military Board business, and letters related to the purchase of cloth from the State
Penitentiary. Included with the correspondence is a file of vouchers approving
payments for services performed for the state. Correspondents include Colonel Joseph
Bates, General Hamilton P. Bee, J.P. Benjamin, John S. Besser, John M. Crockett,
George Flournoy, General P.O. Hebert, Charles Lovenskiold, General Henry E.
McCulloch, General J. Bankhead Magruder, J.A. Quintero, T.N. Waul, General William
G. Webb, and C.S. West. Copies of the majority of the governor's outgoing
correspondence can be found in the three letterpress copybooks. A separate volume
containing printed orders and newspaper clippings for the period 1862-1863, and
miscellaneous correspondence for 1864-1904, undated, is included. A portion of these
materials, dating 1869-1904, undated, has been seperated from this collection due to its predominately unofficial nature and is more fully described in a separate finding
aid: Francis Richard Lubbock correspondence.

Certain types of correspondence that appear consistently and frequently throughout
the records have been omitted from the folder level description, including records
related to appointments and removals of civil officials and the taking of oaths of
office, general letters of introduction, and correspondence that acknowledges or
inquires about the receipt of other correspondence. Some of the descriptions of individual items were taken directly from notes made on the back of the records, likely by a secretary around the same time that the letters were received.

In the past, items relating to the State Penitentiary in Huntsville were removed from
the records of governors, secretaries of state, treasurers and comptrollers to
create an artificial collection of records relating to the penitentiary. Items
related to Native American affairs may have also been removed from the records. In
addition, the original order of the records was disrupted when they were sorted by
date. As a result, letters or petitions that were enclosed in other letters may have
been separated from their original context. Certain items listed in the
detailed description of the records were not located as of April 18, 2014, as
noted.

Arrangement of the Records

Arrangement is chronological; letters having no specific day date have been placed at
the end of the month. Undated letters are located at the end of the loose
correspondence. Volumes are arranged by type, then chronologically.

Restrictions on Access

Materials do not circulate, but may be used in the State Archives search room.
Materials will be retrieved from and returned to storage areas by staff members.

Restrictions on Use

Letterpress copybooks are extremely fragile and may not be photocopied. The scrapbook
containing orders and clippings is fragile; copies must be made from existing
photocopy.

Most records created by Texas state agencies are not copyrighted. State records also
include materials received by, not created by, state agencies. Copyright remains
with the creator. The researcher is responsible for complying with U.S. Copyright
Law (Title 17 U.S.C.).

Most of these records have no accession information. Three letterpress copybooks
and a scrapbook were donated to the Texas Department of Insurance, Statistics
and History by Francis R. Lubbock on March 22, 1904. An accession number was assigned for control purposes in April 2014.

Receipt of payment to D. Richardson of the State Gazette, undated,ms, 1 p., copy

157.

Receipt of payment to William Rust, undated,ms, 1 p., copy

157.

Receipt of payment to East Texas
Times, undated,ms, 1 p., copy

Bound volumes

Letterpress copybooks:

Three letterpress volumes contain copies of Governor Francis R.
Lubbock's outgoing correspondence from November 1861 through
November 1863. Each book contains an index listing correspondents
alphabetically. Correspondence related primarily to the conduct of
Confederate military affairs in Texas. Frequent correspondents
include J.P. Benjamin, financial agent of the State Penitentiary
J.S. Besser, Adjutant General J.Y. Dashiell, President of the
Confederate States Jefferson Davis, Captain John S. Ford, General
P.O. Hebert, Colonel H.E. McCulloch, General J.B. Magruder, and
Secretary of State C.S. West.

Materials originally contained in the scrapbook include printed and
manuscript orders and proclamations by the Texas governor, Texas
adjutant general, and Confederate States of America (CSA) officials,
including the CSA Secretary of the Navy, Headquarters of the Bureau
of State Troops, Headquarters of the Department of the
Trans-Mississippi, and Headquarters of the District of Texas, New
Mexico, and Arizona; correspondence and related material from
Lubbock's service as a lieutenant colonel in the Confederate States
Army, including a list of brigadier generals of Texas State Troops,
a memo concerning troops mustered into Confederate service; and
later correspondence dating mainly from Lubbock's tenure as state
treasurer. Documents date 1862-1864, 1869, 1879-1881, 1895, 1904,
and undated. This volume is in poor physical condition and contents
have been treated in several ways to preserve the information and
items. Most of the orders and proclamations on pages 1-39 are
completely pasted to the pages. These items have been photocopied
onto acid-free paper so that the content will not be lost as further
deterioration occurs. Additional orders and the materials from
Lubbock's service as lieutenant colonel were pasted to the scrapbook
pages along one edge. These items have been removed from the
scrapbook and housed in acid-free folders, with fragile items
sleeved in mylar. Original order has been retained and scrapbook
page numbers have been noted. The materials dating 1869 to 1904 were
loosely interleaved among empty scrapbook pages. The items have been
removed, maintaining original order (chronological), with fragile,
torn documents sleeved in mylar, and all documents housed in
acid-free folders. This group of materials is more fully described
in a separate finding aid: Francis Richard Lubbock correspondence.. Two additional items, an
inventory of the Governor's Mansion taken the day after Lubbock took
office (November 8, 1861) and a list of votes by county (August
1862), were tucked at the back of the scrapbook; they were removed,
humidified and flattened as necessary, rehoused, and added to the
item list of records from Lubbock's term as governor.