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The boot-like Italian peninsula drops down from mainland Europe into the central Mediterranean Sea. At the center of its Mediterranean world, Italy influenced events and culture from the British Isles to the Middle East and North Africa, forming the basis of Western civilization. The ancient Roman Empire flourished for almost 1,000 years beginning in 509 B.C., the legendary founding of Rome. Today, Italy preserves the past and welcomes visitors to share its heritage.

Rome

Facing the Tyrrhenian Sea about halfway down the peninsula, Rome's "Eternal City" nickname aptly describes its 2,500-year history. The well-preserved Coliseum once held 50,000 spectators. Completed in A.D. 79, the circular building featured events in which gladiators fought wild animals. Rome's ancient city center sits nearby. The Forum once housed merchant and communal activity. Visitors can explore the area and see several temples. including the Temple of Venus. Rome's best-preserved ancient building is in the financial district. The Pantheon features a dome-shaped roof and contains tombs. The 18th century Spanish Steps draw visitors and locals alike to mingle. The area features art fairs and festivals and is a great place to have lunch. The ornate Trevi Fountain, Rome's most famous fountain, promises visitors a return visit when a coin is left in its pool.

Vatican City

Although a country unto itself, Vatican City is completely surrounded by Rome and is the administrative seat of the Roman Catholic Church and papal residence. Almost completely surrounded by walls, it encompasses less than two square miles. Visitors see its magnificent architecture and art masterpieces. St. Peter's Basilica contains many pieces of art, particularly from the Renaissance and Baroque periods. Sistine Chapel visitors gazing upward see one of Michelangelo's greatest works, a fresco on the chapel's ceiling. Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci art also entice visitors in the Vatican Museums.

Florence

Florence represents the Renaissance, from architecture to painting and sculpture. Silversmiths still sell their wares from small shops on the 14th century covered Ponte Vecchio Bridge.The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore and its famous dome dominate the landscape. It was designed by Giotto and a Gothic bell tower stands at one end. Inside sits Michelangelo's "Pieta." The city boasts almost 40 museums, including the Uffizi, which displays Italian Renaissance art, as well as works from other European artists. Michelangelo's 17-foot statue "David" sits in the Accademia Gallery.

Venice

Long famous for its canals, Venice is worth a visit just to experience a gondola, a long, narrow boat designed to navigate the city's waterways. Built on a series of islands, Venice lies next to the Adriatic Sea on Italy's northeast coast. Since cars are not allowed in the city, visitors walk over 400 connecting bridges or take various water transport services. Picturesque Gothic, Romanesque and Byzantine architecture line the Grand Canal. The famous St. Mark's Basilica faces Piazza San Marco. Piazza sidewalk cafes offer a spot to experience the pulse of Venice. The nearby Palazzo Ducale, or Doge's Palace, housed Venice's government during the Middle Ages. The building features Venetian Gothic architecture.

Pompeii

In A.D. 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted suddenly and buried Pompeii, a city on the Gulf of Naples. It is located south of Rome on Italy's southwest coast and visitors still can experience the catastrophe. About 20 feet of volcanic ash covered the area and the city was forgotten, but 18th century excavations began and continue today, revealing life as it used to be. Well-preserved buildings and paintings greet visitors, as do several gates and towers.

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About the Author

Jeff Fulton is a writer specializing in business, travel and culture. He has worked in international sales, customer relations and public relations for major airlines, and has written for Demand Studios since May 2009. Jeff holds a Bachelor of Science in journalism from Northwestern University and a Master of Business Administration in marketing from the University of Chicago.

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