Thursday, August 30, 2012

Gazas Hopes Dashed by Morsi and Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood

Ever since the toppling of the Mubarak regime in Egypt, Palestinians in Gaza have hoped that they would see
an end to the punishing restrictions on their movement through the Rafah
crossing with Egypt, their only gateway to the outside world.

I know first-hand about the hardships these restrictions
cause, not only because as a reporter I have covered them for years, but
because my family has borne them personally
as we have had to go back and forth from our home in Gaza to Egypt for my
wife’s medical treatment.

But though there was a loosening of the restrictions since
the fall of Egypt’s Mubarak regime, 1.6 million residents in Gaza now face the
return of the tight closure imposed on their movement since 2007, as Israel,
the occupying power, works with Egypt to impose a tight siege on the area.

Punishing
Palestinians for electing Hamas

Israel claimed that the siege was necessary because Hamas, in power in Gaza, represented a threat; meanwhile
Egypt bowed to international pressure by shutting down Gaza’s main gateway to
the outside world. The goal was in fact the same — to tighten the siege on Gaza
to make Hamas’ rule unviable, even though it had won an election in 2006.

Egypt then contended that the Rafah crossing terminal should
operate according to the terms of the 2005 “Agreement on Movement and Access”
brokered by the United States. This agreement required the presence of European
Union “observers” who acted as Israel’s eyes, ears and hands, and the forces of
the Palestinian Authority in Ramallah.

However, Hamas’ election victory has changed the rules of
the political game, and hundreds of thousands of Palestinians who need to be
able to move in and out of Gaza have been the victims.

Instead of welcoming one of the rare democratic exercises in
in the Arab world, years before the Arab uprisings that have, so far,
led to the fall of long-time rulers in Tunisia, Libya, Yemen and Egypt itself,
the so-called international community imposed a boycott on the Palestinians to
punish them for the result.

A year and a half after Hamas won legislative elections in
both Gaza and the West Bank — declared free and fair by international monitors
— Hamas and the western-backed Fatah faction of Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas, architect of the Oslo Agreement between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, engaged in a brief civil
war.

Abbas’ forces aimed to prevent Hamas from gaining hegemony
despite their election victory, while Hamas wanted to consolidate its control
and prevent what it saw as a coup against its legitimate authority.

In June 2007, the conflict reached a climax, and Hamas
ousted the forces loyal to Abbas and established sole control in the interior
of Gaza. This only led Israel and its international allies to tighten the siege
and closure.

In 2008, Israel declared Gaza — of which it is still legally
the occupying power — a “hostile entity” that is dedicated to the destruction
of the state of Israel.

Gaza — a hostile entity? Half of the population are children
and more than a million are registered refugees with UNRWA, the UN agency for Palestinian refugees, and are
dependent on regular food aid.

Just months before Ging uttered those words, Palestinians
blew up the border wall with Egypt and hundreds of thousands of Gazans burst through
it seeking basic supplies, to rejoin family members, to seek urgent
medical treatment, and to take back their stolen dignity.

For a few days, the Arab Republic of Egypt — under its
president and main US ally, Hosni Mubarak — had no choice but to allow the
people of Gaza to cross the border into nearby Egyptian towns.

Mubarak apparently did not understand the message delivered
by the Palestinian crowds, and reimposed the closure of the border with Gaza.
Palestinians invented their own means of breaking the siege — digging
underground tunnels that became, until now, the mainstay of the economy.

Mubarak's Overthrow
Offered Hope

Meanwhile, the Rafah crossing terminal remained closed until
just after February 2011, when Mubarak was toppled by a great popular uprising.

In May 2011, Palestinians from Gaza, including patients,
students and men over the age of 40 and those with residency permits in Egypt
or in some other Arab countries began to move in and out of Gaza through Rafah
as restrictions were eased. Since then, tens of thousands of Gazans have
enjoyed the fruits of the Egyptian Spring, and some of their dignity appears to
have been restored.

In June, Egyptians elected Mohammad Morsi of the Muslim
Brotherhood party as president. Morsi spoke of further easing restrictions and
supplying more desperately-needed electricity to Gaza. In July, the new
Egyptian president met Gaza’s Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh of Hamas, the
highest-level meeting for Gaza’s rulers since their election, which was made
possible only by the uprising of the Egyptian people.

Haniyeh returned to the Gaza Strip from Cairo through the
Rafah crossing, filled with hope and expectation to the extent that some Hamas
leaders in Gaza hinted at the possibility of establishing a free trade zone on the
Gaza-Egypt border line, which would eliminate the need for the current tunnel
economy.

Despite no evidence that the attackers came from Gaza, no
history of such attacks by Palestinians against Egyptians, and widespread
condemnation from the Palestinian people, leaders and political factions in
reaction to this attack, Egyptian media and some authorities began quickly
pointing the finger at Gaza. Egypt shut down the Rafah crossing and moved to
shut down the underground tunnels that have been a lifeline.

Many Egyptian media outlets and officials said to be
affiliated with the Egyptian regime launched an anti-Hamas campaign, accusing
elements from the Gaza Strip of involvement in the terrorist attack.

Until the findings of ongoing investigations into the attack
are revealed, the people of Gaza, especially patients in need of medical care,
will again lose their dignity that has been stolen for more than five years.
Some may lose their lives.

New Restrictions?

Media reports from Gaza suggest that more than 40,000
registered travelers, including patients, students and those with residency
permits in Arab countries, are unable to get out of the tiny coastal enclave
after Egypt ordered new restrictions on travel for their Palestinian brothers
and sisters. From now on, Rafah will be open for no more than 1,000 travelers
each working day.

Other media reports suggested that more than 10,000 Israelis
and Palestinians with Israeli citizenship recently managed to cross into the
Sinai peninsula through the Taba crossing at the Egyptian-Israeli border — into
the same Sinai desert area where the attacks happened — to enjoy the weekend
and Eid holidays at Red Sea resorts.

Meanwhile, Palestinians in Gaza watch and continue to ask:
who is hijacking our dignity?

Rami
Almeghari is a journalist and university lecturer based in the Gaza Strip.

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