1.1 These test methods are suitable for testing the integrity of large shipping cases and unitized loads as well as the ability of the contents to endure normal handling. Not all of the methods are applicable to all products, containers, and loads. The test methods described are applicable to common means of material handling including: forklift, pull pack, clamp truck, crane, and spade lift type handling systems as follows:

1.1.1 Drop Test -For measuring the ability of the case or unitized load to withstand rough handling and provide information useful in improving the design of the container (see 9.1.2 and 10.1).

1.1.2 Spade Lift Test -For lifting by spade lift attachment to determine the ability of the handling flap of the case or shipping unit to withstand repeated lifting and handling by this method (see 9.2).

1.1.5 Grabhook Test -For lifting by grabhooks to determine the ability of the case or unitized load to withstand the horizontal pressures of grabhooks (see 10.2).

1.1.6 Sling Test -For lifting by wire rope, cable, or woven fiber slings to determine the ability of the case or unitized load to withstand the compression of slings (see 10.3).

1.1.7 Tip Test -For determining the ability of tall or top heavy cases or crates to resist tipping over (see Section 11).

1.1.8 Tipover Test -For determining the ability of filled large shipping containers to resist the impacts associated with tipover hazards, and for determining the ability of the packaging and packing methods to provide protection to the contents, when the pack is tipped over (see Section 12).

Note 1-This test method fulfills the requirements of International Organization for Standardization standard ISO 8768. The ISO standard may not meet the requirements for this test method.>

Note 2-This test method fulfills the requirements of International Organization for Standardization standard ISO 2876. The ISO standard may not meet the requirements for this test method.>

1.2 Additional Test Procedures:

1.2.1 Additional tests that apply to mechanical handling of unitized loads and large cases and crates include incline impact tests, described in Test Method D880 and horizontal impact tests, described in Test Method D4003. Test Method D4003 includes a special pallet marshalling test and Test Method D1185 provides test methods for pallets and related structures.

1.2.2 Test Method D4169 provides a series of options for selecting and running performance tests on all types of shipping containers and systems.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.>

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