Bioredworm- S (solid) and Bioredworm - L (liquid) is a 100% organic - microbial (vermicast) fertilizer derived from the Californian red worms (Eisenia Foetida and Eisenia Andrei - the best kind of composting worms in the world). This product enriches the soil microflora, provides numerous benefits to plants and increases the overall yield. Our objective is to produce solutions which will improve the soil quality and structure thus obtaining healthy and delicious fruits. The fertilizer (vermicast-vermicompost) of Californian red worms due to its stimulating effects was defined as the "perfect organic fertilizer". After its many years of use in the USA, Japan, Israel, Australia, Cuba, India and also in some European countries it was noticed that the productivity has increased: wheat by (min.)15-20% ; corn by 30-50% ; sugar beet by 15-20%; potatoes by 50-80% ; red tomato,peppers, cucumber by 30-100% ; cabbage & lettuce (min.) 20-30 %; peaches & grapes 80-100% ; strawberries 30-35% ; cherries & cherry 30-50%; and tea by 30% ect.

¨If one way be better than another, that you may be sure is nature's way. ¨

Aristotle

Through the history...

Ancient Egyptians have ascribed the land fertility along the River Nile to the large concentration of worms. Upon determining their usefulness, they have proclaimed them as protected animals 5000 years ago. The first person who wrote about worms was the Greek philosopher Aristotle 384-322 b.c. Due to their fertilization and environmental effects on their living environment, he called them “intestines of the earth”. The first studies were made few hundred years later by the English scientist Gilbert White. It was in the 19th century when Charles Darwin, after dedicating more than 40 years of scientific research, has proven that earth’s surface layer has passed through the worm’s stomach several times.

The first person who started using worms in practice was George Sheffield from Texas in 1906. He was the pioneer in terms of worm-breeding, who managed to make a fortune in a short period. At the end of the '50s, after many years of research, the Californian red worm was created at the California State University Berkeley. The first state which imported Californian red worms was Japan (125 tonnes), thus dealing with the cellulose waste issue. Namely, the Japanese government used to spend more than 250 million dollars per year for cleaning of the paper industry waste. Today, Japan has a material advantage since waste turns into humus - a high-quality fertilizer.

Italy was the first European country which, during the 60’s, commenced with the organised import of Californian red worms together with the technology for their production. It started to intensively organise educational seminars, fairs, etc. A decade later, the Californian red worm arrives in the Balkans – Yugoslavia.

The World Health Organisation, after many years of research, has established that the substratum of the earth's surface was damaged from the chemical fertilizers, as well as from the uncontrolled use of mineral fertilizers. As a result, the attractiveness of the fertilizer produced by Californian red worms has been increasingly rising due to its 100% organic origin which improves soil structure, on one side, and improves the production of organic healthy food on the other side.

✔ Bioredwormadjusts the soil structure and performs biomelioration at the same time.

✔Bioredwormprotects and balances the nutrition of plant’s.

✔The large number of useful-microorganisms(1ml/ more then 120 bil.) with their ferments performs sprightly on the ground, and increases its fertility.

✔Also establishes the sources of nitrogen from all the kind of fertilizer and grounds.

✔Increases the organic matter of the soil.

✔Maintains pH of the soil.

✔Plant’s use the nitrogen in a controllable way. They reach natural balance and contains 75% ammonium and 25% nitrate nitrogen, which is (a dream) of each plant. (Nitrates in large measures are harmful to humans and plants..! )

✔Microorganisms stimulate the plant growth and development, which increases plant resistance to all kinds of diseases, drought and frost.

✔ A high percentage of the vitamin “C” in the fruit for 2-7 times.

✔Fruits are more thorough and the color is much darker also, the taste is delicious and the flavor is pleasant.

✔ They have earlier development for 10-15 days

✔ Increased yield from 30-100% (depending on the plant).

✔ The fruits stay fresh for a long time and more easily afford the transportation.

✔Microorganisms stimulate the plant growth and development, which increases plant resistance to all kinds of diseases, drought and frost.

✔They decrease the percentage of extremes freezing low temperature.

✔Increase seed germination and root growth.

✔Vegetables have very rich emerging and healthy root system, large stalk, full canopy and large number of leaves. They are healthy and because of that, the infection from the insects reduces.

✔ Are completely safe to use around children and pets.

✔ Will never burn your plants.

✔ Non-toxic for Humans, animals, bees.

Processes taking place within the soil…

1. Fast decomposition of organic matter and creation of mature humus as basis for soil fertility:

The importance of the role of organic matters and humus in soil are well-known today. For the purposes of improving soil structure and achieving soil sustainability, it is important to understand the importance of organic matter and humus. Organic matter in soil represents a rather complex structure, consisting of many various materials. However, taking into consideration the type of plants or animal waste, its decomposition depends on the percentage of organic matter of these substances. Main elements included in the organic matter composition are as follows:

• 1.Sugars, carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose,

• 2. Lignin,

• 3. Tannins,

• 4. Oils and waxes,

• 5. Resins,

• 6. Proteins,

• 7. Pigment and,

• 8. Mineral substances are.

Lignin and proteins are predominant components of the soil organic matter. Generally, lignin and protein contents is between 25% and 50%.

Microbiological flora; The large number of beneficial microorganisms and mature humus in soil represent the first condition for planning solid and quality yield. Best results are achieved when applying Bioredworm - L immediately following the harvest. After harvesting, it is recommended to cut the residual straw and treat it with Bioredworm - L, in the quantity 1 decare/2-3 litres. It is important to equally distribute the Bioredworm - L on the surface, followed by shallow ploughing. The presence of microorganisms in soil significantly increases the percentage of organic matter in it. In about 50-60 days, microorganisms of Bioredworm - L shall convert straw into mature humus. (Humus retains soil humidity, thus securing sufficient humidity for plants in the dry period of the year, which positively contributes to higher yields). Quality soil is obtained as a result of the microbiological processes through which plant residues and other organic matter are decomposed). In that manner, the soil composition is balanced, thus obtaining the required level of the elements such as (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc.).

In order to produce the maximum effect from the application of Bioredworm - L, other plant residues from other cultures can be equally distributed on the soil surface. Bacteria applied on the soil adjust according to the external conditions. If current conditions are not favourable survival conditions, they protect themselves through a spore release process, thereby undergoing a hibernation phase until conditions in which they typically exist are improved. The same are usually active when the soil temperature exceeds 6 degrees, or when the air temperature is above 10 degrees. It is rather difficult for the once applied bacteria to die precisely due to their natural self-protection against the weather conditions.

This is the case when carbon (C) quantities exceed the allowed limits and mobilise the release of elements bound to it.This ratio cannot exceed (20:1) ( C:N, C:P, C:K). In mature humus, C:N ratio is 10:1 which is considered as ideal ratio. If CO2 exceeds the allowed limits, the bacteria which mobilised the required elements shall release them in the moment when the ratio shall be below (20:1). The theory for full replacement of mineral fertilizers with microbiological fertilizers is based on the clear calculations of the humification and dehumification processes of organic matter and nitrogen fixation, whether symbiotic or asymbiotic. For example, by microbiological means, livestock manure or any organic residues create mass of 2-3.5 tonnes/hectare of humus matter, which later undergoes dehumification. This is the point of establishment of the so-called balance of levelling or natural balance for importing and exporting nutrients from soil. This is sufficient for correct yields and preservation of natural soil fertility, which the soil previously had. It should be pointed out that plants’ composition does not only include Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) or Potassium (P), and that the dry mass contains a much higher percentage of Carbon (C) 45%, Oxygen (O) 45% and Hydrogen (H) 6%. Plants take these elements directly from nature, of which only 4% refer to macro and micro elements.

All this indicates to the fact that undertaking of measures which contribute to improved usage of dominant compounds C:O:H is rather important, and that significant attention should be paid to such measures.

In a few words, organic fertilizers, among which the plant residues treated with microbiological fertilizers, represent an ideal environment for nitrogen fixation, ammonification and nitrification. In addition, carbonic acid (H2CO3) is created in the soil, and the one slowly decomposes the many inorganic and organic compounds which are difficult to dissolute and which include phosphorus and potassium. By slowing down their combining and their merging, these compounds become more accessible for the plants.

2. Nitrogen fixation of molecular nitrogen from the air :

This is also an important task for soil bacteria. There is about 78% of nitrogen in the air, thus making it an inexhaustible source for the plants. Plants cannot directly use the nitrogen from the air; this is enabled by the microorganisms. We differentiate between symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen fixation.

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation:represents important means for supplying of plants with air nitrogen through symbiotic bacteria living on the plants' roots. These bacteria make damages to the root in which they settle, and use their capacities to fix (bind) elementary nitrogen. Most of the such created nitrogen compounds are available for the plants following the completion of vegetation of plants in which these bacteria live as parasites.

Asymbiotic nitrogen fixation: is a microbiological process in which elementary nitrogen from air is brought to the soil through specific bacteria not living on root fibres, but near them. They feed with the substances discharged by the root, and in the process of reproduction and dying they leave a significant quantity of nitrogen compounds. These compounds mineralise immediately after bacteria die. The advantage of this process is that it is not necessary for the plant's vegetation process to be completed so as to use the nutrients, but the same are immediately available to the plant. The processes through which the symbiotic and asymbitioc nitrogen fixation undergo, further continue with ammonification nitrification and denitrification.

Ammonification: is a microbiological process - mineralisation of organic matters up to creation of ammonia. Ammonia remains in the bacteria’s cells to be used by the same until the ratio of C:N becomes higher than 20:1. It is separated when this ratio is reduced. This ammonia is further reduced in the nitrification process.

Nitrifcation: is a microbiological process of oxidation of ammonium in nitrates through nitrites. Nitrates are highly mobile, and oxidation serves bacteria as energy source and as possibility to create carbon acid whose role was previously explained. Due to their mobility (N) quickly disappear from the soil.

Denitrification:is the reverse process of nitrification. It is a microbiological process taking place under the influence of certain soil bacteria where (N) is returned to the air in the same manner in which it arrived in the soil (circulation of matter).

3. Circulation of phosphorus:it is an important microbiological process in the soil. In average, the phosphorus contents in soil is about 0.15%. In most of the land, it is present in the form of inorganic compounds, whereas the rest are organic compounds. This includes nucleic acid, phospholipids, etc. Its availability for plants mostly depends on the pH value of the soil. Plants use from the soil solution in the form of ions of orthophosphoric acid and Н2РО4 and НРО4. Depending on the pH value of the soil, certain ions will be bonded. Most of the sol phosphorus originates from rocks and minerals of base rocks which created the soil, as well as from the organic compounds. Since phosphorus in land can be found in forms of different solubility, the coefficient of its availability for plants is rather important, as well as its returning to the soil through organic matter. These processes are regulated, to great extent, by the soil bacteria present in microbiological fertilizers. Out of the total quantities which return via organic means, most of them return through the dying of bacteria. This process is termed phosphorus fixation, which creates compounds which feed the plants. (Bacteria contain about 30% phosphorus of their total weight).

Phosphorus mobilization: is the second important process. In this process, insoluble tertiary phosphates are reduced to available forms of phosphorus from aluminosilicates. Aluminosilicates are represented with 62% in the soil composition. (this is an inexhaustible matter) Bacteria of the type Bacillus Pseudomonas encourage mineralisation of aluminosilicate where available ions in the cell protoplasm are mobilised. In this process, the aluminosilicate bacteria use the calcium and transform it into tricalcium phosphates, as well as into primary and secondary phosphates available for the plants. In addition, when silica ions separate from the crystal structure of aluminosilicate, in the organism of dead bacteria, they are transformed into phosphorus ions available for the plants.

4. Potassium:is present in the soil in the crystal structure of minerals with 90% of the total quantity in soil. In addition, there is also fixed irreplaceable and variable potassium. The potassium quantity is many times the quantity of phosphorus and nitrogen in land, that is, about 2.40%. Bacteria, and in particular the bacteria Bacillus circulans, have the most important role in terms of its release and converting into a form which the plants can use. Moreover, potassium is released in large quantity from aluminosilicates, where aluminium and silica oxides which contain alkaline K-cations are separated from the crystal structure. Microorganisms perform hydrolysis, where the K-cations are replaced with H ions from the water, and the released K ion converts into salt of acids with potassium prefix. Leucine was presented as substitute for potassium salts.

Where is the secret of microbiological fertilizer's effect's?

There are no secrets, it is all pure microbiological science which places in the centre the system of circulation of matter in nature which encourages creations of mature humus in soil. In the spontaneous natural community, nature has balanced it; however, this chain is interrupted in the organised agrobiocenosis where cultures are planted. The harvest results into de-balance in terms of levelling of matters. Therefore, plant residues should never be burnt, since burning not only destroys superficial microflora, it also results into loss of the complete quantity of cellulose and lignin which are irreplaceable components of mature humus, thus leaving only 2% nutrients which are insignificant in this case. Plant residues and humus represent an irreplaceable basis for development of beneficial microorganisms. This is important to be understood due to the organic matter of lignin-cellulose origin (plant residues), which, if properly used, can annually renew the mature humus. It was scientifically confirmed that mature humus is created from lignin, which represents an integral part of plant residues.

We can conclude from the above stated that a good farmer could, each year, produce mature humus from the plant residues if the one treats them after their harvest or yield with the bacteria present in the organic microbiological fertilizer - Bioredworm - L. The microbiological fertilizer was created for the purposes of fertilizing surfaces with organic and standard production. Excellent results were observed where the same was used properly and according to the instructions, based on the long-term worldwide experience, where microbiological fertilizers are used on surfaces of millions of hectares. (“Microbiology” - Prof. dr. Jugoslav Ziberovski)