a- thyroid is located anteriorly in the upper neckb- thyroid is located posteriorly in the upper neckc- thyroid is located anteriorly in the lower neckd- thyroid is located posteriorly in the lower neck

answer : c . the thyroid is located anteriorly in the lower neck .

4. what is the vertical extension of the thyroid in relation to the vertebrae ?

answer : 2 lobes . right and left lobes connected by a narrow, median isthmus .

7. what is the weight of the thyroid ?

answer : 25 g ( usually but can vary ) .

8. among men and women, who have heavier thyroids ?

answer : women have slightly heavier thyroids when compared to males.

9. a woman came to the doctor with complaints of increase in the size of thyroid during menstruation . if u were the doctor there, what would u do ?

answer : I would tell her that it is perfectly normal for the size of a woman’s thyroid to increase during menstruation .

10. a pregnant woman came to ur clinic with complaints of enlarged thyroid . what would you suggest ?

answer : I would tell her that there is nothing to worry , because it is absolutely normal for a woman’s thyroid to enlarge during pregnancy and menstruation .

11. how will you normally estimate the size of the thyroid gland ?

answer : by doing diagnostic ultrasound .

12. As I already told u women have heavier thyroids than men, hence the volume of thyroid in women is slightly more than in men. But there is a phase of life in both males and females where no significant difference between the volumes of the male and female thyroid was observed. When is that phase ?

answer : from 8 months to 15 years . between these ages the volumes of both male and female thyroid show no significant difference .

13. what is the shape of the lobes of the thyroid gland ?

answer : approximately conical .

14. the bases of the thyroid lobes are level with which tracheal cartilage ?

answer : 4th or 5th tracheal cartilages .

15. what is the length of each thyroid lobe ?

answer : 5cms long .

16. the posteromedial aspects of the thyroid lobes are attached to which structure ?

answer : cricoid cartilage .

17. what is the name of the ligament which attaches the lobes of thyroid to the cricoid cartilage posteromedially ?

answer : lateral thyroid ligament .

18. what is the part of the thyroid that connects the lower parts of the two lobes called ?

answer : isthmus .

19. what would you suggest to a healthy patient who has no isthmus ?

answer : I would suggest that it is physiologically normal for a person to be born without an isthmus and this happens occasionally . I would assure him that there is nothing to worry .

20. what is the length of the isthmus ?

answer : 1.25 cms transversely and vertically .

21. the isthmus normally lies anterior to which tracheal cartilages ?

answer : it usually lies anterior to second and third tracheal cartilages. ( it can lie slightly higher or slightly lower sometimes because of the variations in size and site of the thyroid gland )

22. what is the tumor marker of the medullary carcinoma of the thyroid?

answer : calcitonin .

23. what is the most common position of the thyroglossal cyst ?

answer : below the hyoid bone . ( check again ).

24. what is the name of the surgery done to treat the thyroglossal cyst/fistula ?

answer : sistrunk’s operation .

25. what is the hormone secreted by the thyroid that controls the calcium metabolism ?

answer : an artery supplying thyroid which is seen occasionally and arises from the brachiocephalic trunk or aortic arch .

49. what are the two main arteries that supply the thyroid ?

answer : superior and inferior thyroid arteries . superior thyroid artery is a branch of the external carotid artery and the inferior thyroid artery is branch of the thyrocervical trunk .

50. C cells populate which part of the lateral lobe of the thyroid ?

a- upper one-third of the lateral lobe of thyroid b- middle one-third of the lateral lobe of thyroidc- lower one-third of the lateral lobe of the thyroidd- distributed equally all over the lateral lobe of the thyroid

answer : b . C cells populate the middle one-third of the lateral lobe of the thyroid .( typically found scattered within thyroid follicles , inside the basal lamina but not reaching the follicle lumen .)

51. pick out the correct statements .

a- the external laryngeal nerve runs close to the superior thyroid artery .b- the recurrent laryngeal nerve runs close to the inferior thyroid artery .c- the external laryngeal nerve runs close to the inferior thyroid artery .d- the recurrent laryngeal nerve runs close to the superior thyroid artery .

answer : both a and b are correct . ( so the surgeon has to be very careful while ligating those arteries, while performing thyroidectomy ).

66. which of the following is not a complication of total thyroidectomy ?

a- bleedingb- airway obstructionc- hoarsenessd- hypercalcemia

answer : d . hypercalcemia .

67. in post operative room after thyroid surgery , patient developed sudden respiratory distress , dressing was removed and it was found to be slightly blood stained and wound was bulging . what will be the first thing to be done ?

a- tracheostomyb- cricothyroidectomyc- laryngoscopy and intubationd- remove the stitch and take the patient to O.T

answer : d . remove the stitch and take the patient to the O.T .

67. a patient presents with swelling in the neck following a thyroidectomy. What is the most likely resulting complication ?

93. a patient with long standing multinodular goiter develops hoarseness of voice ; also the swelling undergoes sudden increase in size. Likely diagnosis is ?

answer : follicular carcinoma of thyroid .

94. a patient has pituitary tumor and pheochromocytoma and a thyroid nodule . which carcinoma is most likely to occur ?

answer : medullary carcinoma of the thyroid . the condition is MEN 2a or MEN 2b. MEN 1 comprises of parathyroid , pituitary and pancreatic tumors. MEN 2a comprises of parathyroid, medullary carcinoma of thyroid and pheochromocytoma tumors. MEN 2b comprises of medullary carcinoma of thyroid, pheochromocytoma and neuromas .

95. a patient presented with headache and flushing . he has a family history of his relative having died of a thyroid tumor. The investigation that would be required for this patient will be ?

answer : c . measurement of catecholamines . headache and flushing suggest symptoms of adrenal tumor and a history of thyroid tumor in the relative suggest the MEN syndrome type 2a or 2b . so the adrenal tumor is probably pheochromocytoma and so catecholamines have to be measured .

who stopped by

DISCLAIMER :

The content provided on this blog is for informational purposes only. The content, which henceforth will include the categories of comments and links, does not take the place of, nor is it intended to be a substitute for, professional medical advice from a physician or other health care provider. The content herein represents the opinions of the author(s) of such content and does not represent the medical profession or any organization. The content herein is not meant as a source of medical advice. Those seeking medical advice are advised to consult with a professional health care provider.