Figure 3. Seasonal march of MPI predicted by applying the techniques of
Holland (1996) and
Emanuel (1991) to a number of monthly mean radiosonde soundings in the
Australian-southwest Pacific region, together with the observed extreme
cyclone intensities
(shaded region). The solid line is the ambient surface pressure; the line
with dots is the MPI
from Emanuel model; the dashed line is the MPI from Holland model (adapted
from Tonkin
1996).