The authors investigated the use by wild-living rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus) of flower color pattern and flower position for remembering rewarded flowers. Birds were presented with arrays of artificial flowers, a proportion of which was rewarded. Once the locations were learned by the birds, the array was moved 2 m, and flower color pattern and/or rewarded positions were manipulated. The birds' ability to learn which were the rewarded flowers in this 2nd array was much more strongly affected by whether the rewarded flowers occupied the same positions as in the 1st array than by their color patterns.