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2 Void Cosmology better explains What Happened First, Cosmic Microwave Background at around K, 150 Million Light Year Diameter Largest Voids, Red shift at Distance through Void Drifting/Void Expansion, Void Inflation, Gravitational mass and Void Movement, and Helium at 25 % Versus Hydrogen at 75 % Due to Particle Combination and less Higher Element Concentrations Abbe George Lemaitre was a Belgian cosmologist, mathematician, priest, physicist who postulated an explosive beginning. In the 1940 s, George Gamow, Hans Bethe and Ralph Alpher went from Lemaitre s starting nuclear fission ideas to ideas of nuclear fusion being responsible for the Universe s development.(p. 492, Realm of the Universe, Fifth Edition, George Abell, David Morrison and SidneyWolff,, Saunders College Publishing 1992) The Big Bang Theory has since that time been the dominant cosmological theory with steady state theory linked to Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold and Hermann Bondi losing out for its problems in explaining Quasars are more common at large red shifts than nearby, so it 1

3 appears there were more quasars when the universe was young. (p. 492) More quasars at large red shifts can be explained by void cosmology. Highly energetic objects producing high amounts of energy can be produced by voids just as much as by a Vanished brilliance of the origin of the worlds (p. 492) postulated by Lemaitre. Quasars can be formed in several ways supported by the quasar zoo ideas I argued for back in about More quasars at large distance can form if there is void at the beginning just as much as fission or fusion early on. Void Cosmology was a new cosmological theory I constructed back in May 2015 when I was reminded of the work of Margaret Geller and John Huchra that galaxies are located on very thin surfaces, which surround big dark regions that we call voids. (p. 480) Since voids occupy regions like 150 million L Y diameters of space, Void Cosmology better explains large voids as an aspect of the Universe.(p. 472) Similarly when I look at 2

4 the Big Dipper, Polaris, the moon, the planets or the night sky throughout much of the world, voids seem to be more of the Universe than light. If much of the sky seems or is void or seemingly void, then voids can be seen as important to Universe development in the beginning just as much as now. What Void Cosmology does better? 1. Cold background radiation at about 5 Kelvin which is near absolute zero better explained by a void producing some heat but not that much heat. A vanished brilliance could just as easily be seen as hotter, higher temperature, or more heated. The uniformity of that temperature is also better explained by void cosmology too. A vanished brilliance of Lemaitre has no reason to uniformly explode or spread or expand as it seems to have expanded uniformly somewhat based on COBE and WMAP studies. 3

5 2. Void Cosmology explains better what happened before Lemaitre, Gamow, Alpher and Bethe s big bang. 3. Void cosmology better explains the existence of large voids throughout the Universe. Around the Great Wall, there are Great voids many of them. These empty regions have typical diameters of about 100 million light years. (p. 481) Big Bang theory does not explain these voids as well as voids as central to Universe development. 4. Void cosmology can explain the Hydrogen concentration at 75 % as void cosmology places less emphasis on fusion which should probably produce a higher quantity of chemical elements with higher atomic number than hydrogen. A beginning period of nuclear fission from Lemaitre or nuclear fusion should produce less hydrogen and helium as dominant elements. Such as high concentration of hydrogen at 75 % and helium at 25% 4

6 can be explained by a simple void combining protons which make up hydrogen. 5. Void cosmology can explain the red shift, the Hubble flow and the red shift at distance just as well. Void drifts, voids drift, voids expand, voids have large mass that would produce a red shift, voids have movement which could make a red shift, voids have expansion which could make a red shift. Voids can be inflationary like many cosmologists (Alan Guth etc) argued for. Edwin Hubble and Humason s observation of a small number of galaxies (initial article in around 1924 referred to about 24 galaxies with large red shift) can be seen in a void just as much as in an accelerating or exploding universe. Voids can have hyper inflation or hyper acceleration or large expansion. Void cosmology explains what happened before the Big Bang, a cold background temperature of around absolute zero that we 5

7 see, and the Universe s uniformity which the Big Bang could not explain. Void Cosmology explains the voids that we actually see in space. Void Cosmology explains what we see in the sky as much of it seems and is empty. Void Cosmology can be seen as just as important to comprehend as the once dominant Big Bang theory. James T. Struck BA, BS, AA, MLIS 6

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