The Gulfstream jets that Turkish officials say ferried operatives who apprehended and likely killed a dissident Saudi journalist in Istanbul belong to a company controlled by Saudi Arabia’s crown prince, people familiar with the matter said.

Turkish authorities also released on Wednesday the names and photographs of the 15 men they say were involved in Jamal Khashoggi’s suspected killing in the kingdom’s consulate in Istanbul on Oct. 2 before returning hours later to Saudi Arabia. They included a forensics expert and a man...