Causes

There are many possible causes of sudden kidney failure because there are 3 anatomical sites for problems to occur in the renal system: before the blood enters the kidneys, within the kidneys, and after the urine is processed by the kidneys and enters the ureters.

AKI can result from problems with blood flow to the kidney, which can be caused by
acute renal artery obstruction,
blood loss, or dehydration. It can also result from conditions such as
infections
that interfere with the work of the kidney.

The most common cause of AKI occurs inside the kidney. Acute tubular necrosis is the death of the cells inside the kidney that act as the blood's filter. These cells die when they are deprived of oxygen. This can be due to surgical complications, inflammatory processes, blood clots, or the side effects of certain medications. Physical problems, such as swollen prostate glands or
kidney stones
can also cause AKI.

Risk Factors

Factors that may increase your chance of AKI include:

Having a chronic disease, such as
diabetes, kidney disease, heart disease, liver disease, or
high blood pressure

Increased age

Dehydration

Bleeding, especially from the gastrointestinal tract

Certain medications and illegal drugs

Complications following surgeries or care in an intensive care unit (ICU)

Diagnosis

You
will
be referred to a kidney specialist (nephrologist) for diagnosis and treatment. You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history, including any medications you are taking. A physical exam will be done.

Your bodily fluids may be tested. This can be done with:

Blood tests

Urine tests

Imaging tests evaluate the kidney and surrounding structures. These may include:

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.