In 1939 the Second World War broke out.
England and France declared war on Nazi Germany. Without consulting Indian
leaders, Britain declared India to be at war on the allies' side.
Gandhi's sympathies were with the British, but
the believed that all violence was evil and he would therefore have nothing
to do with the war effort, although he gave England his moral support.

With Subhash Chandra Bose, 1938

The Indian National Congress wanted to help
Britain and fight on the allies' side, but only as a free nation. But to
grant India independence seemed ridiculous to Churchill and his Government.
They had no intention the co-operation offered by the Congress.
As a protest, all the Congress ministries in
the provinces resigned. The Government took over the administration and they
acted in such a way as to help their war effort. Acting on the goodwill and
restraint taught by Gandhi, the Indian leaders showed no reaction.
Events in Europe were having repercussions in
India however. The Congress working Committee found itself unable to accept
in its entirety Gandhi's attitude to the war. In particular they would not
accept his view that the defence of India should not depend on armed force.
The leaders met again and again in Gandhi's
room at Sevagram and talked of their desire to start some action. Finally a
proposal was put forward that all provincial Governments should join with
the British authorities in the defence of India. The Government, however,
rejected the offer.

With Tagore at Santiniketan, 1946

In September 1940, a meeting of All-India
Congress Committee was held in Bombay. There as a protest against England's
utter indifference to India's hopes, it was decided to launch individual
civil disobedience against the authorities. It was also decided to hold
meetings to protest against British imperialism. At that time such meetings
were forbidden.

With Sir Stafford Cripps, 1942

Vinoba Bhave was the first to inaugurate
individual satyagraha. He was arrested and so were hundreds of other who
followed him. Nehru also was arrested. Within a few months over thirty
thousand Congressmen were put in jail.
Gandhi alone was not imprisoned. He devoted
his time to spreading the gospel of truth and non-violence. In December 1941
the Government released all the satyagrahis. Then, in 1942, as the Japanese
swept across the Pacific and went through Malaya and Burma, the British
began to think of a settlement with India. Japan might even invade India.
With the threat of invasion by Japan even
Gandhi began to feel that his pacifism might stand in the way of India's
future. So he made the proposal of a provisional Government's side in the
struggle against the aggressors. But this proposal was ignored.
In March 1942 Churchill announced that the war
cabinet had agreed on a plan for India and that Sir Stafford Cripps had
agreed to go to India to find out whether the Indian leaders would accept
the plan, and whether they would devote all their thought and energy to the
defence of India against Japan.
Sir Stafford Cripps arrived in Delhi on
March-22. He met Gandhi, Nehru, Azad, Jinnah and other important leaders.
Cripps promised greater freedom than that which had been offered before. He
also offered complete freedom after the war, if India wanted it. The leaders
would perhaps have accepted this offer if it had come a year earlier, but
now it was rejected.
The Congress leaders did not trust the people
of India sufficiently to give them any real power, and so the Indian leaders
felt that they could not trust the British to hand over power after the war.