July 06, 2018

January 30, 2016

November 26, 2011

February 18, 2012

This is a great time of year. Warren Buffett’s always-insightful annual letter to shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway is published in late February, followed by the glorious basketball extravaganza that is the NCAA’s March Madness.

Berkshire and Quicken Loans pulled off a brilliant publicity coup in 2014 by announcing a contest, open to the public and limited to 15 million entries, offering a $1 billion prize for a perfect bracket. Berkshire is big in insurance (GEICO and General Reinsurance), so Buffett is an expert on probabilities/odds and insuring mega-losses.

Never accept a wager offered by Buffett and don’t sell when he’s buying (or vice versa).

Buffett wouldn’t share his calculation, but a Stanford professor ran a simulation indicating that, with 15 million brackets, there was a 1-in-4.5 billion chance of selecting a perfect bracket. By comparison, the odds of winning the Powerball lottery are “only” 1-in 292.2 million.

Predictably, there was tremendous media hoopla, but no winner. Buffett pocketed the insurance premium and Quicken got the publicity and financial information of 15 million prospects.

Like many “elite” college basketball programs, the public contest was a “one-and-done” phenomenon. However, since Buffett is a huge basketball fan, the contest is now run as the world’s richest office pool, open to all 375,000 Berkshire employees.

To win the grand prize of $1 million a year for the rest of your life, all you have to do is pick the winner of every first- and second-round game (48 games—a 1-in-2-million chance, according to FiveThirtyEight). If nobody picks the first round correctly, the employee with the most wins collects $100,000. This year, 40,240 employees correctly picked No. 7 Rhode Island to upset No. 10 Oklahoma. And eight still were undefeated until No. 13 seed Marshall defeated No. 4 seed Wichita State. Those eight split the $100,000.

According to The New York Times, researchers in behavioral finance have found securities markets useful for analyzing “judgment under uncertainty” and “decision under risk,” applicable to understanding how cognitive biases affect investors and basketball fans.

Hindsight bias refers to our ability to misremember past decisions in ways that make us look smarter. Attribution bias means, when things turn out well, we attribute the outcome to our skills. When they turn out poorly, we blame outside forces beyond our control. Confirmation bias is our tendency to give too much weight to information that supports our existing beliefs and discount the rest.

Our most insidious bias is overconfidence. According to The Times, Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman said, “The confidence we experience as we make a judgment is not a reasoned evaluation of the probability it is right. Confidence is a feeling, one determined mostly by the coherence of the story and by the ease with which it comes to mind, even when the evidence for the story is sparse and unreliable.”

In the academic paper, “Boys Will Be Boys: Gender, Overconfidence and Common Stock Investment,” University of California professors Brad M. Barber and Terrance Odean stated that, in difficult, complex tasks like finance, men are more overconfident than women. Indeed, they found men act on their unfounded overconfidence by excessively trading (significantly more than women), to their financial detriment.

As Mark Twain said, “It ain’t what you don’t know that gets you in trouble. It’s what you know for sure that just ain’t so.”•

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Kim is Kirr Marbach & Co.’s chief operating officer and chief compliance officer. He can be reached at (812) 376-9444 or mickey@kirrmar.com.

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