PSYC 101 CH.2 Notes.pdf

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PSYC 101 Chapter 2: Psychology’s Scientiﬁc Method▯
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Scientiﬁc Method▯
Science is a method▯
Its not what you study, but how you study it▯
1. Observe some phenomenon that you are curios or skeptical about ▯
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2. Conceptualize the problem - that is express it in terms of operational deﬁnitions and
hypotheses▯
Hypotheses is a educated guess▯
Theory is an hypotheses that is proven▯
3. Collect Data- select a research method that will be appropriate to explore the issue or
test the hypotheses ▯
Population is the entire group about which the investigator wishes to draw conclusion▯
Select an appropriate SAMPLE that is representative of the population of interest. It is
the subset of the population chosen by the investigator ▯
Random sample: a sample that gives every member of the population and equal
chance of being selected▯
Test through empirical research: Gaining knowledge through the observation of events.
the collection of data and logical reasoning.▯
Descriptive research: Observing and recording behavior. The following are all
examples of descriptive research:▯
• Observation ▯
• Laboratory▯
• Naturalistic ▯
Surveys and Interviews▯
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• Standardized Tests▯
• Case study ▯
4. Analyze the data▯
• Based on the data collected and how it was collected the data is analyzed.▯
• Most research in psychology is analyzed using statistical procedures▯
5. Draw Conclusions ▯
• Based on the analysis results, the researcher develops explanations for the ﬁndings.▯
• Do the ﬁndings conﬁrm the hypotheses▯
If not, change the hypotheses etc▯
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The scientiﬁc method uses:▯
• Objective▯
• Systematic and▯
• Testable research information known as DATA▯
Correlational Research ▯
• Positive Correlations▯
factors vary in same direction▯
•
• ↑ and ↑ … or … ↓ and ↓▯ • Negative Correlations▯
• factors vary in opposite direction▯
↑ and ↓ … or … ↑ and ↓▯
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Experimental Research▯
• Experimental Group▯
• Independent variable is manipulated▯