Card Range To Study

149 Cards in this Set

A bodies ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world conditions change continuously

HOMEOSTASIS CONTROL MECHANISMS
Variable

factor/event being regulated

HOMEOSTASIS CONTROL MECHANISMS
Receptor

Some type of sensor that monitors the environment and reponds to changes by sending information to the second component

HOMEOSTASIS CONTROL MECHANISMS
Control centre

Determines the set point then determines an apppropriate course of action

HOMEOSTASIS CONTROL MECHANISMS
Effector

Provides the measn for the control centres response

Negative feedback

Shuts of the original stimulus or reduces its intensity

Positive feedback

Causes the variable to deviate further and further from its original range

Supine

Body lying face upwards

Prone

Body lying face down

Superior

Above

Inferior

Below

Anterior

Front of the body

Posterior

Back of the body

Medial

Middle of the body

Lateral

Away from the middle of the body

Proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part

Distal

Further from the origin of the body part

Superficial

Toward the body surface

Deep

Away from the body surface

External

Further from the centre of an organ or cavity regardless of direction

Internal

closer to the centre of an organ or cavity regardless of direction

Bilateral

Paired structures having right and left members

Unilateral

Those occuring on only one side

Ipsilateral

Refers to something occurring on the same side of the body to another structure

Contralateral

Occurring on the opposite side of the body relative to another structure

Axial part of the body

Main axis of the body - head/neck/trunk

Appendicular part

Consists of the appendages and limbs

Sagittal plane

vertical plane that divides the body into left and right sections

Coronal/Frontal plane

Divides the body into front and back sections

Transverse plane

Cross section

Oblique Sections

Cuts made between the horizontal and vertical planes

Longitudinal sections

Run lengthwise/parallel to the long axis

Dorsal Body Cavity

Posterior - cranial cavity and spinal cavity

Ventral Body Cavity

Anterior - houses internal organs

Flexion

decreasing the angle between bones of parts of the body (bending)

Dorsiflexion

Flexion at the ankle joint

Plantarflexion

Standing on your toes

Extension

Increasingthe angle between the bones or parts of the body

Abduction

Moving away from the median plane in the frontal plane

Adduction

Moving toward the median plane in the frontal plane

Circumduction

Circular movement which is a combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

Rotation

Turning or revolving a part of the body around its longitudinal axis

Pronation

Rotational movement of the forearm and hand that swings the radius medially around its longitudinal axis so that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly

Supination

Rotational movement of the forearm and hand that swings the radius medially around its longitudinal axis so that the palm of the hand faces anteriorly

Opposition

The pad of the thumb is brought to another digit pad

Reposition

Bringing the thumb back from another digit pad

Protusion

Forward movement

Retrusion

Movement backwards

Elevation

Raise

Depression

Lower

Eversion

Moves the sole of the foot away from the median plane - turning it laterally

Inversion

Moves the sole towards the median plane

Australopithicus Africanus period and where they were found

3-2.2 million years ago; east and south Africa

Homo erectus time period and where they were found

2-0.4 million years ago; Africa, Asia, Europe

Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis time period and where they were found

200,000 - 300,000 years ago; Europe and Asia

Definition of Evolution

Inherit characteristics through genetic variation
Variation is acted upon by natural selection
Survival of the fittest

Out of Africa Model

We arose in Africa and after we had fully developed migrated north and wiped out other populations

Multi regional Evolution

Local populations in Europe, Asia and Africa developed separately and similarities are due to interbreeding over time

What makes humans human?

Bipedalism
Live in permanent bisexual groups
Large brains, complex learning
Culture is the fundamental adaptive strategy
Obtain food through some division of labour (food is then shared)
Females are sexually active throughout the year