Hi, I'm EmeraldRobinson. In this "What Is" video we're going to take a closer look at ice ages.
In 1840, Swiss scientist Louis Agassiz noticed glaciers--huge rivers of ice created by snowfall--occurred throughout northern Europe. As glaciers move they transport rocks and scour the ground beneath them, leaving evidence of their passing. Agassiz theorized glaciers were the remnants of a huge glacial ice field that once covered much of the continent. Geologic evidence of massive glacial activity also occurs in North America.
Agassiz had discovered evidence of the last ice age, a period of time when glacial ice fields extended across large sections of the planet. Geologists have evidence of three ice ages--more properly called glacial ages. The oldest occurred 275 million years ago. The second, which affected parts of Africa, India and Australia, occurred 275 million years ago.
The last glacial age, and the only one to occur since humans appeared, began 1.5 million years ago, and receded 15,000 years ago. During that time the Laurentide ice field covered all of Canada and extended as far south as Indiana.
Glacial ages have enormous effects on the plant's weather patterns, animals and plant life. Animals that cannot adapt to the colder environments die out. Similarly, animals that adapt to cold environments may not survive the change when glaciers recede.
The Milankovich theory, by astronomer Milutin Milankovich, suggests variations in the earth's orbit account for glacial ages. Instead of orbiting the sun in a constant pattern, the earth "wobbles." Over millions of years this "wobbling" affects global temperatures. As glacial ice fields spread, snow and ice reflect sunlight that would otherwise warm the earth, causing further drops in cold temperatures. Low levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can also contribute to a glacial age.

published:28 Feb 2013

views:110927

The "Last Glacial Maximum" was the last period in the Earth's climate history during the last glacial period when ice sheets were at their greatest extension. Growth of the ice sheets reached their maximum positions 26,500 years ago. Deglaciation commenced in the Northern Hemisphere approximately 19,000 years ago, and in Antarctica approximately 14,500 years ago which is consistent with evidence that this was the primary source for an abrupt rise in the sea level 14,500 years ago. At this time, vast ice sheets covered much of North America, northern Europe and Asia. These ice sheets profoundly affected Earth's climate, causing drought, desertification, and a dramatic drop in sea levels. It was followed by the Late Glacial Maximum.
The formation of an ice sheet or ice cap requires both prolonged cold and precipitation . Hence, despite having temperatures similar to those of glaciated areas in North America and Europe, East Asia remained unglaciated except at higher elevations. This difference was because the ice sheets in Europe produced extensive anticyclones above them. These anticyclones generated air masses that were so dry on reaching Siberia and Manchuria that precipitation sufficient for the formation of glaciers could never occur . The relative warmth of the Pacific Ocean due to the shutting down of the Oyashio Current and the presence of large 'east-west' mountain ranges were secondary factors preventing continental glaciation in Asia.
All over the world, climates at the Last Glacial Maximum were cooler and almost everywhere drier. In extreme cases, such as South Australia and the Sahel, rainfall could be diminished by up to 90% from present, with florae diminished to almost the same degree as in glaciated areas of Europe and North America. Even in less affected regions, rainforest cover was greatly diminished, especially in West Africa where a few "refugia" were surrounded by tropical grasslands. The Amazon rainforest was split into two large blocks by extensive savanna, and the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia probably were similarly affected, with deciduous forests expanding in their place except on the east and west extremities of the Sundaland shelf. Only in Central America and the Chocó region of Colombia did tropical rainforests remain substantially intact – probably due to the extraordinarily heavy rainfall of these regions.
Wiz Science™ is "the" learning channel for children and all ages.
SUBSCRIBE TODAYDisclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWNRISK.
Background Music:
"The PlaceInside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube AudioLibrary.
This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last+Glacial+Maximum, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License3.0http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.

published:02 Sep 2015

views:2491

Subscribe to Cosmic TV for more great space, alien and UFO content: http://bit.ly/CosmicTVSubscribe
License your video content worldwide with Janson Media: http://www.janson.com
There have been five known ice ages in the Earth's history, with the Earth experiencing the QuaternaryIce Age during the present time. Within ice ages, there exist periods of more severe glacial conditions and more temperate referred to as glacial periods and interglacial periods, respectively. The Earth is currently in such an interglacial period of the Quaternary Ice Age, with the last glacial period of the Quaternary having ended approximately 11,700 years ago with the start of the Holocene epoch. Based on climate proxies, paleoclimatologists study the different climate states originating from glaciation.
Deglaciation is the uncovering of a region of land from beneath a glacier or ice sheet by the retreat of it due to shrinkage by either melting or calving of the ice sheet or glacier.

published:05 Jan 2015

views:2882

During the last 400,000 years, considerable parts of North America, Europe and Asia were covered by large ice-sheets. At the maximum of the glaciation about 21,000 years before present the sea level was approximately 120 m (394 ft) lower than today due to the large quantities of water locked in the ice-sheets, and surface temperatures in many regions of the Earth were significantly colder. The animation shows the extent of the continental ice-sheets and of sea-ice as well as the distribution of land and ocean that is altered by changes in sea-level.
A truly satisfactory explanation of the dynamics of glacial cycles remains elusive to this day. Even though there is compelling evidence that changes in the strength and distribution of solar insolation caused by variations in the Earth's orbit around the sun are mainly responsible for the build-up and melting of ice-sheets. However, the way in which these variations interact with e.g. winds, ocean currents and the terrestrial and marine biosphere is still a matter of current research.

See in GIF format here: https://atlantisjavasea.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/last-glacial-period-of-sundaland.gifIndonesia in recent years have seen an increasing number of supporters for the idea of Atlantis being located in the vicinity of today’s archipelago, prior to the ending of the last Ice Age, on the submerged continental shelf now frequently referred to as Sundaland.
With the end of the Pleistocene Ice Age, the immense glaciers that covered the whole of the northern half of North America and Eurasia melted away. Their waters drained to the sea, whose level rose by the estimated amount of about 100 – 150 meters quoted above.
The Pleistocene – a name which is Greek for “most recent” – is also called Anthropozoic Era or Quaternary Era or, yet, the Ice Age. During the Pleistocene and, more exactly, during the glacial episodes that happened at intervals of about 20 thousand years, sea level was about 100 – 150 meters below the present value. With this, a large coastal strip – the so-called ContinentalPlatform (with a width of about 200 kilometers) – became exposed, forming land bridges that interconnected many islands and regions. The most dramatic of such exposures took place in the region of Indonesia, precisely the spot where humanity first flourished.
It was in Indonesia and the neighboring lands that man, after emigrating from the semi-deserted savannas of Africa, first found the ideal climatic conditions for development, and it was there that he invented agriculture and civilization. All this took place during the Pleistocene, the last of the geological eras, which ended a scant 11,600 years ago. Though long by human standards, this is but a brief moment in geological terms.
In his book Eden in the East: The Drowned Continent of Southeast Asia, Oppenheimer makes a case that the rise in ocean levels that accompanied the waning of the ice age – as much as 150 m – during the period 14,000 – 7,000 years ago, must be taken into account when trying to understand the flow of genes and culture in Eurasia. Citing evidence from geology, archaeology, genetics, linguistics, and folklore, he hypothesizes that the Southeast Asian subcontinent of Sundaland was home to a rich and original culture that was dispersed when Sundaland was mostly submerged and its population moved westward. According to Oppenheimer, Sundaland’s culture may have reached India and Mesopotamia, becoming the root for the innovative cultures that developed in those areas. He also suggests that the Austronesian languages originate from Sundaland and that a Neolithic Revolution may have started there.
As the Ice Age ended, there were three catastrophic and rapid rises in sea level. The last of these, which finished shortly before the start of civilization in Mesopotamia, may have been the one that was remembered. These three floods drowned the coastal cultures and all the flat continental shelves of Southeast Asia. As the sea rolled in, there was a mass emigration from the sinking continent. These flood-driven refugees carried their domestic animals with them in large ocean-going canoes in all directions. The networks of sea trade, created by their settlements around the Indian Ocean, fertilized the Neolithic cultures of China, India, Mesopotamia and Egypt.
The SoutheastAsian contributions to the building of the first cities in Mesopotamia may not have been solely technological. While they may have brought the new ideas and skills of megalithic construction cereal domestication, sea-faring, astronomy, navigation, trade and commerce, they may also have introduced the tools to harness and control the labor of the farmers and artisans. These included magic, religion, and concepts of state, kingship and social hierarchy.
The most solid facts come from oceanographic research of the last decade. It now appears that the great rise in sea level after the last Ice Age, known about for many years, was not gradual; three sudden ice-melts, the last of which was only 8,000 years ago, had catastrophic effects on tropical coasts with flat continental shelves. Rapid land loss was compounded by super waves, set off by cracks in the earth’s crust as the weight of ice shifted to the seas.
https://atlantisjavasea.wordpress.com/2015/05/24/a-new-theory-of-atlantis-disclosed/
http://atlantisjavasea.blogspot.com/2015/06/a-new-theory-of-atlantis-disclosed.html
https://www.facebook.com/atlantisinjavasea
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/6027244917

published:26 May 2015

views:4866

This is a visualization of the last ice age using a global ice sheet model with pro-glacial lakes included.

Glacial period

A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials, on the other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods. The last glacial period ended about 15,000 years ago. The Holocene epoch is the current interglacial. A time when there are no glaciers on Earth is considered a greenhouseclimate state.

Quaternary ice age

Within the Quaternary glaciation (2.58 Ma to present), there have been a number of glacials and interglacials.

Ice age

An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. Within a long-term ice age, individual pulses of cold climate are termed "glacial periods" (or alternatively "glacials" or "glaciations" or colloquially as "ice age"), and intermittent warm periods are called "interglacials". Glaciologically, ice age implies the presence of extensive ice sheets in the northern and southern hemispheres. By this definition, we are in an interglacial period—the Holocene—of the ice age that began 2.6 million years ago at the start of the Pleistocene epoch, because the Greenland, Arctic, and Antarctic ice sheets still exist.

Origin of ice age theory

In 1742 Pierre Martel (1706–1767), an engineer and geographer living in Geneva, visited the valley of Chamonix in the Alps of Savoy. Two years later he published an account of his journey. He reported that the inhabitants of that valley attributed the dispersal of erratic boulders to the glaciers, saying that they had once extended much farther. Later similar explanations were reported from other regions of the Alps. In 1815 the carpenter and chamois hunter Jean-Pierre Perraudin (1767–1858) explained erratic boulders in the Val de Bagnes in the Swiss canton of Valais as being due to glaciers previously extending further. An unknown woodcutter from Meiringen in the Bernese Oberland advocated a similar idea in a discussion with the Swiss-German geologist Jean de Charpentier (1786–1855) in 1834. Comparable explanations are also known from the Val de Ferret in the Valais and the Seeland in western Switzerland and in Goethe's scientific work. Such explanations could also be found in other parts of the world. When the Bavarian naturalist Ernst von Bibra (1806–1878) visited the Chilean Andes in 1849–1850, the natives attributed fossil moraines to the former action of glaciers.

North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square miles), about 16.5% of the earth's land area and about 4.8% of its total surface.
North America is the third largest continent by area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe.

In 2013, its population was estimated at nearly 565million people in 23 independent states, or about 7.5% of the world's population, if nearby islands (most notably the Caribbean) are included.

Last Glacial Maximum

The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was the last period in the Earth's climate history during the last glacial period when ice sheets were at their greatest extension. Growth of the ice sheets reached their maximum positions 26,500 years ago. Deglaciation commenced in the Northern Hemisphere approximately 19,000 years ago, and in Antarctica approximately 14,500 years ago which is consistent with evidence that this was the primary source for an abrupt rise in the sea level 14,500 years ago. At this time, vast ice sheets covered much of North America, northern Europe and Asia. These ice sheets profoundly affected Earth's climate, causing drought, desertification and a dramatic drop in sea levels. It was followed by the Late Glacial Maximum.

Glacial climate

The formation of an ice sheet or ice cap requires both prolonged cold and precipitation (snow). Hence, despite having temperatures similar to those of glaciated areas in North America and Europe, East Asia remained unglaciated except at higher elevations. This difference was because the ice sheets in Europe produced extensive anticyclones above them. These anticyclones generated air masses that were so dry on reaching Siberia and Manchuria that precipitation sufficient for the formation of glaciers could never occur (except in Kamchatka where these westerly winds lifted moisture from the Sea of Japan). The relative warmth of the Pacific Ocean due to the shutting down of the Oyashio Current and the presence of large 'east-west' mountain ranges were secondary factors preventing continental glaciation in Asia.

What is an Ice Age?

Hi, I'm EmeraldRobinson. In this "What Is" video we're going to take a closer look at ice ages.
In 1840, Swiss scientist Louis Agassiz noticed glaciers--huge rivers of ice created by snowfall--occurred throughout northern Europe. As glaciers move they transport rocks and scour the ground beneath them, leaving evidence of their passing. Agassiz theorized glaciers were the remnants of a huge glacial ice field that once covered much of the continent. Geologic evidence of massive glacial activity also occurs in North America.
Agassiz had discovered evidence of the last ice age, a period of time when glacial ice fields extended across large sections of the planet. Geologists have evidence of three ice ages--more properly called glacial ages. The oldest occurred 275 million years ago. The second, which affected parts of Africa, India and Australia, occurred 275 million years ago.
The last glacial age, and the only one to occur since humans appeared, began 1.5 million years ago, and receded 15,000 years ago. During that time the Laurentide ice field covered all of Canada and extended as far south as Indiana.
Glacial ages have enormous effects on the plant's weather patterns, animals and plant life. Animals that cannot adapt to the colder environments die out. Similarly, animals that adapt to cold environments may not survive the change when glaciers recede.
The Milankovich theory, by astronomer Milutin Milankovich, suggests variations in the earth's orbit account for glacial ages. Instead of orbiting the sun in a constant pattern, the earth "wobbles." Over millions of years this "wobbling" affects global temperatures. As glacial ice fields spread, snow and ice reflect sunlight that would otherwise warm the earth, causing further drops in cold temperatures. Low levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can also contribute to a glacial age.

2:53

Last Glacial Maximum - Video Learning - WizScience.com

Last Glacial Maximum - Video Learning - WizScience.com

Last Glacial Maximum - Video Learning - WizScience.com

The "Last Glacial Maximum" was the last period in the Earth's climate history during the last glacial period when ice sheets were at their greatest extension. Growth of the ice sheets reached their maximum positions 26,500 years ago. Deglaciation commenced in the Northern Hemisphere approximately 19,000 years ago, and in Antarctica approximately 14,500 years ago which is consistent with evidence that this was the primary source for an abrupt rise in the sea level 14,500 years ago. At this time, vast ice sheets covered much of North America, northern Europe and Asia. These ice sheets profoundly affected Earth's climate, causing drought, desertification, and a dramatic drop in sea levels. It was followed by the Late Glacial Maximum.
The formation of an ice sheet or ice cap requires both prolonged cold and precipitation . Hence, despite having temperatures similar to those of glaciated areas in North America and Europe, East Asia remained unglaciated except at higher elevations. This difference was because the ice sheets in Europe produced extensive anticyclones above them. These anticyclones generated air masses that were so dry on reaching Siberia and Manchuria that precipitation sufficient for the formation of glaciers could never occur . The relative warmth of the Pacific Ocean due to the shutting down of the Oyashio Current and the presence of large 'east-west' mountain ranges were secondary factors preventing continental glaciation in Asia.
All over the world, climates at the Last Glacial Maximum were cooler and almost everywhere drier. In extreme cases, such as South Australia and the Sahel, rainfall could be diminished by up to 90% from present, with florae diminished to almost the same degree as in glaciated areas of Europe and North America. Even in less affected regions, rainforest cover was greatly diminished, especially in West Africa where a few "refugia" were surrounded by tropical grasslands. The Amazon rainforest was split into two large blocks by extensive savanna, and the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia probably were similarly affected, with deciduous forests expanding in their place except on the east and west extremities of the Sundaland shelf. Only in Central America and the Chocó region of Colombia did tropical rainforests remain substantially intact – probably due to the extraordinarily heavy rainfall of these regions.
Wiz Science™ is "the" learning channel for children and all ages.
SUBSCRIBE TODAYDisclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWNRISK.
Background Music:
"The PlaceInside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube AudioLibrary.
This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last+Glacial+Maximum, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License3.0http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.

7:09

Earth's History of Glaciation and Deglaciation

Earth's History of Glaciation and Deglaciation

Earth's History of Glaciation and Deglaciation

Subscribe to Cosmic TV for more great space, alien and UFO content: http://bit.ly/CosmicTVSubscribe
License your video content worldwide with Janson Media: http://www.janson.com
There have been five known ice ages in the Earth's history, with the Earth experiencing the QuaternaryIce Age during the present time. Within ice ages, there exist periods of more severe glacial conditions and more temperate referred to as glacial periods and interglacial periods, respectively. The Earth is currently in such an interglacial period of the Quaternary Ice Age, with the last glacial period of the Quaternary having ended approximately 11,700 years ago with the start of the Holocene epoch. Based on climate proxies, paleoclimatologists study the different climate states originating from glaciation.
Deglaciation is the uncovering of a region of land from beneath a glacier or ice sheet by the retreat of it due to shrinkage by either melting or calving of the ice sheet or glacier.

1:09

The Last Four Glacial Cycles

The Last Four Glacial Cycles

The Last Four Glacial Cycles

During the last 400,000 years, considerable parts of North America, Europe and Asia were covered by large ice-sheets. At the maximum of the glaciation about 21,000 years before present the sea level was approximately 120 m (394 ft) lower than today due to the large quantities of water locked in the ice-sheets, and surface temperatures in many regions of the Earth were significantly colder. The animation shows the extent of the continental ice-sheets and of sea-ice as well as the distribution of land and ocean that is altered by changes in sea-level.
A truly satisfactory explanation of the dynamics of glacial cycles remains elusive to this day. Even though there is compelling evidence that changes in the strength and distribution of solar insolation caused by variations in the Earth's orbit around the sun are mainly responsible for the build-up and melting of ice-sheets. However, the way in which these variations interact with e.g. winds, ocean currents and the terrestrial and marine biosphere is still a matter of current research.

Last Glacial Period of Sundaland

See in GIF format here: https://atlantisjavasea.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/last-glacial-period-of-sundaland.gifIndonesia in recent years have seen an increasing number of supporters for the idea of Atlantis being located in the vicinity of today’s archipelago, prior to the ending of the last Ice Age, on the submerged continental shelf now frequently referred to as Sundaland.
With the end of the Pleistocene Ice Age, the immense glaciers that covered the whole of the northern half of North America and Eurasia melted away. Their waters drained to the sea, whose level rose by the estimated amount of about 100 – 150 meters quoted above.
The Pleistocene – a name which is Greek for “most recent” – is also called Anthropozoic Era or Quaternary Era or, yet, the Ice Age. During the Pleistocene and, more exactly, during the glacial episodes that happened at intervals of about 20 thousand years, sea level was about 100 – 150 meters below the present value. With this, a large coastal strip – the so-called ContinentalPlatform (with a width of about 200 kilometers) – became exposed, forming land bridges that interconnected many islands and regions. The most dramatic of such exposures took place in the region of Indonesia, precisely the spot where humanity first flourished.
It was in Indonesia and the neighboring lands that man, after emigrating from the semi-deserted savannas of Africa, first found the ideal climatic conditions for development, and it was there that he invented agriculture and civilization. All this took place during the Pleistocene, the last of the geological eras, which ended a scant 11,600 years ago. Though long by human standards, this is but a brief moment in geological terms.
In his book Eden in the East: The Drowned Continent of Southeast Asia, Oppenheimer makes a case that the rise in ocean levels that accompanied the waning of the ice age – as much as 150 m – during the period 14,000 – 7,000 years ago, must be taken into account when trying to understand the flow of genes and culture in Eurasia. Citing evidence from geology, archaeology, genetics, linguistics, and folklore, he hypothesizes that the Southeast Asian subcontinent of Sundaland was home to a rich and original culture that was dispersed when Sundaland was mostly submerged and its population moved westward. According to Oppenheimer, Sundaland’s culture may have reached India and Mesopotamia, becoming the root for the innovative cultures that developed in those areas. He also suggests that the Austronesian languages originate from Sundaland and that a Neolithic Revolution may have started there.
As the Ice Age ended, there were three catastrophic and rapid rises in sea level. The last of these, which finished shortly before the start of civilization in Mesopotamia, may have been the one that was remembered. These three floods drowned the coastal cultures and all the flat continental shelves of Southeast Asia. As the sea rolled in, there was a mass emigration from the sinking continent. These flood-driven refugees carried their domestic animals with them in large ocean-going canoes in all directions. The networks of sea trade, created by their settlements around the Indian Ocean, fertilized the Neolithic cultures of China, India, Mesopotamia and Egypt.
The SoutheastAsian contributions to the building of the first cities in Mesopotamia may not have been solely technological. While they may have brought the new ideas and skills of megalithic construction cereal domestication, sea-faring, astronomy, navigation, trade and commerce, they may also have introduced the tools to harness and control the labor of the farmers and artisans. These included magic, religion, and concepts of state, kingship and social hierarchy.
The most solid facts come from oceanographic research of the last decade. It now appears that the great rise in sea level after the last Ice Age, known about for many years, was not gradual; three sudden ice-melts, the last of which was only 8,000 years ago, had catastrophic effects on tropical coasts with flat continental shelves. Rapid land loss was compounded by super waves, set off by cracks in the earth’s crust as the weight of ice shifted to the seas.
https://atlantisjavasea.wordpress.com/2015/05/24/a-new-theory-of-atlantis-disclosed/
http://atlantisjavasea.blogspot.com/2015/06/a-new-theory-of-atlantis-disclosed.html
https://www.facebook.com/atlantisinjavasea
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/6027244917

1:08

The Last Ice Age (120 000 years ago to Modern)

The Last Ice Age (120 000 years ago to Modern)

The Last Ice Age (120 000 years ago to Modern)

This is a visualization of the last ice age using a global ice sheet model with pro-glacial lakes included.

What is an Ice Age?

Hi, I'm EmeraldRobinson. In this "What Is" video we're going to take a closer look at ice ages.
In 1840, Swiss scientist Louis Agassiz noticed glaciers--huge rivers of ice created by snowfall--occurred throughout northern Europe. As glaciers move they transport rocks and scour the ground beneath them, leaving evidence of their passing. Agassiz theorized glaciers were the remnants of a huge glacial ice field that once covered much of the continent. Geologic evidence of massive glacial activity also occurs in North America.
Agassiz had discovered evidence of the last ice age, a period of time when glacial ice fields extended across large sections of the planet. Geologists have evidence of three ice ages--more properly called glacial ages. The oldest occurred 275 million years ago. The...

published: 28 Feb 2013

Last Glacial Maximum - Video Learning - WizScience.com

The "Last Glacial Maximum" was the last period in the Earth's climate history during the last glacial period when ice sheets were at their greatest extension. Growth of the ice sheets reached their maximum positions 26,500 years ago. Deglaciation commenced in the Northern Hemisphere approximately 19,000 years ago, and in Antarctica approximately 14,500 years ago which is consistent with evidence that this was the primary source for an abrupt rise in the sea level 14,500 years ago. At this time, vast ice sheets covered much of North America, northern Europe and Asia. These ice sheets profoundly affected Earth's climate, causing drought, desertification, and a dramatic drop in sea levels. It was followed by the Late Glacial Maximum.
The formation of an ice sheet or ice cap requires both...

published: 02 Sep 2015

Earth's History of Glaciation and Deglaciation

Subscribe to Cosmic TV for more great space, alien and UFO content: http://bit.ly/CosmicTVSubscribe
License your video content worldwide with Janson Media: http://www.janson.com
There have been five known ice ages in the Earth's history, with the Earth experiencing the QuaternaryIce Age during the present time. Within ice ages, there exist periods of more severe glacial conditions and more temperate referred to as glacial periods and interglacial periods, respectively. The Earth is currently in such an interglacial period of the Quaternary Ice Age, with the last glacial period of the Quaternary having ended approximately 11,700 years ago with the start of the Holocene epoch. Based on climate proxies, paleoclimatologists study the different climate states originating from glaciation.
De...

published: 05 Jan 2015

The Last Four Glacial Cycles

During the last 400,000 years, considerable parts of North America, Europe and Asia were covered by large ice-sheets. At the maximum of the glaciation about 21,000 years before present the sea level was approximately 120 m (394 ft) lower than today due to the large quantities of water locked in the ice-sheets, and surface temperatures in many regions of the Earth were significantly colder. The animation shows the extent of the continental ice-sheets and of sea-ice as well as the distribution of land and ocean that is altered by changes in sea-level.
A truly satisfactory explanation of the dynamics of glacial cycles remains elusive to this day. Even though there is compelling evidence that changes in the strength and distribution of solar insolation caused by variations in the Earth's orbit...

Last Glacial Period of Sundaland

See in GIF format here: https://atlantisjavasea.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/last-glacial-period-of-sundaland.gifIndonesia in recent years have seen an increasing number of supporters for the idea of Atlantis being located in the vicinity of today’s archipelago, prior to the ending of the last Ice Age, on the submerged continental shelf now frequently referred to as Sundaland.
With the end of the Pleistocene Ice Age, the immense glaciers that covered the whole of the northern half of North America and Eurasia melted away. Their waters drained to the sea, whose level rose by the estimated amount of about 100 – 150 meters quoted above.
The Pleistocene – a name which is Greek for “most recent” – is also called Anthropozoic Era or Quaternary Era or, yet, the Ice Age. During the Pleistocene...

published: 26 May 2015

The Last Ice Age (120 000 years ago to Modern)

This is a visualization of the last ice age using a global ice sheet model with pro-glacial lakes included.

Hi, I'm EmeraldRobinson. In this "What Is" video we're going to take a closer look at ice ages.
In 1840, Swiss scientist Louis Agassiz noticed glaciers--huge rivers of ice created by snowfall--occurred throughout northern Europe. As glaciers move they transport rocks and scour the ground beneath them, leaving evidence of their passing. Agassiz theorized glaciers were the remnants of a huge glacial ice field that once covered much of the continent. Geologic evidence of massive glacial activity also occurs in North America.
Agassiz had discovered evidence of the last ice age, a period of time when glacial ice fields extended across large sections of the planet. Geologists have evidence of three ice ages--more properly called glacial ages. The oldest occurred 275 million years ago. The second, which affected parts of Africa, India and Australia, occurred 275 million years ago.
The last glacial age, and the only one to occur since humans appeared, began 1.5 million years ago, and receded 15,000 years ago. During that time the Laurentide ice field covered all of Canada and extended as far south as Indiana.
Glacial ages have enormous effects on the plant's weather patterns, animals and plant life. Animals that cannot adapt to the colder environments die out. Similarly, animals that adapt to cold environments may not survive the change when glaciers recede.
The Milankovich theory, by astronomer Milutin Milankovich, suggests variations in the earth's orbit account for glacial ages. Instead of orbiting the sun in a constant pattern, the earth "wobbles." Over millions of years this "wobbling" affects global temperatures. As glacial ice fields spread, snow and ice reflect sunlight that would otherwise warm the earth, causing further drops in cold temperatures. Low levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can also contribute to a glacial age.

Hi, I'm EmeraldRobinson. In this "What Is" video we're going to take a closer look at ice ages.
In 1840, Swiss scientist Louis Agassiz noticed glaciers--huge rivers of ice created by snowfall--occurred throughout northern Europe. As glaciers move they transport rocks and scour the ground beneath them, leaving evidence of their passing. Agassiz theorized glaciers were the remnants of a huge glacial ice field that once covered much of the continent. Geologic evidence of massive glacial activity also occurs in North America.
Agassiz had discovered evidence of the last ice age, a period of time when glacial ice fields extended across large sections of the planet. Geologists have evidence of three ice ages--more properly called glacial ages. The oldest occurred 275 million years ago. The second, which affected parts of Africa, India and Australia, occurred 275 million years ago.
The last glacial age, and the only one to occur since humans appeared, began 1.5 million years ago, and receded 15,000 years ago. During that time the Laurentide ice field covered all of Canada and extended as far south as Indiana.
Glacial ages have enormous effects on the plant's weather patterns, animals and plant life. Animals that cannot adapt to the colder environments die out. Similarly, animals that adapt to cold environments may not survive the change when glaciers recede.
The Milankovich theory, by astronomer Milutin Milankovich, suggests variations in the earth's orbit account for glacial ages. Instead of orbiting the sun in a constant pattern, the earth "wobbles." Over millions of years this "wobbling" affects global temperatures. As glacial ice fields spread, snow and ice reflect sunlight that would otherwise warm the earth, causing further drops in cold temperatures. Low levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can also contribute to a glacial age.

The "Last Glacial Maximum" was the last period in the Earth's climate history during the last glacial period when ice sheets were at their greatest extension. Growth of the ice sheets reached their maximum positions 26,500 years ago. Deglaciation commenced in the Northern Hemisphere approximately 19,000 years ago, and in Antarctica approximately 14,500 years ago which is consistent with evidence that this was the primary source for an abrupt rise in the sea level 14,500 years ago. At this time, vast ice sheets covered much of North America, northern Europe and Asia. These ice sheets profoundly affected Earth's climate, causing drought, desertification, and a dramatic drop in sea levels. It was followed by the Late Glacial Maximum.
The formation of an ice sheet or ice cap requires both prolonged cold and precipitation . Hence, despite having temperatures similar to those of glaciated areas in North America and Europe, East Asia remained unglaciated except at higher elevations. This difference was because the ice sheets in Europe produced extensive anticyclones above them. These anticyclones generated air masses that were so dry on reaching Siberia and Manchuria that precipitation sufficient for the formation of glaciers could never occur . The relative warmth of the Pacific Ocean due to the shutting down of the Oyashio Current and the presence of large 'east-west' mountain ranges were secondary factors preventing continental glaciation in Asia.
All over the world, climates at the Last Glacial Maximum were cooler and almost everywhere drier. In extreme cases, such as South Australia and the Sahel, rainfall could be diminished by up to 90% from present, with florae diminished to almost the same degree as in glaciated areas of Europe and North America. Even in less affected regions, rainforest cover was greatly diminished, especially in West Africa where a few "refugia" were surrounded by tropical grasslands. The Amazon rainforest was split into two large blocks by extensive savanna, and the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia probably were similarly affected, with deciduous forests expanding in their place except on the east and west extremities of the Sundaland shelf. Only in Central America and the Chocó region of Colombia did tropical rainforests remain substantially intact – probably due to the extraordinarily heavy rainfall of these regions.
Wiz Science™ is "the" learning channel for children and all ages.
SUBSCRIBE TODAYDisclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWNRISK.
Background Music:
"The PlaceInside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube AudioLibrary.
This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last+Glacial+Maximum, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License3.0http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.

The "Last Glacial Maximum" was the last period in the Earth's climate history during the last glacial period when ice sheets were at their greatest extension. Growth of the ice sheets reached their maximum positions 26,500 years ago. Deglaciation commenced in the Northern Hemisphere approximately 19,000 years ago, and in Antarctica approximately 14,500 years ago which is consistent with evidence that this was the primary source for an abrupt rise in the sea level 14,500 years ago. At this time, vast ice sheets covered much of North America, northern Europe and Asia. These ice sheets profoundly affected Earth's climate, causing drought, desertification, and a dramatic drop in sea levels. It was followed by the Late Glacial Maximum.
The formation of an ice sheet or ice cap requires both prolonged cold and precipitation . Hence, despite having temperatures similar to those of glaciated areas in North America and Europe, East Asia remained unglaciated except at higher elevations. This difference was because the ice sheets in Europe produced extensive anticyclones above them. These anticyclones generated air masses that were so dry on reaching Siberia and Manchuria that precipitation sufficient for the formation of glaciers could never occur . The relative warmth of the Pacific Ocean due to the shutting down of the Oyashio Current and the presence of large 'east-west' mountain ranges were secondary factors preventing continental glaciation in Asia.
All over the world, climates at the Last Glacial Maximum were cooler and almost everywhere drier. In extreme cases, such as South Australia and the Sahel, rainfall could be diminished by up to 90% from present, with florae diminished to almost the same degree as in glaciated areas of Europe and North America. Even in less affected regions, rainforest cover was greatly diminished, especially in West Africa where a few "refugia" were surrounded by tropical grasslands. The Amazon rainforest was split into two large blocks by extensive savanna, and the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia probably were similarly affected, with deciduous forests expanding in their place except on the east and west extremities of the Sundaland shelf. Only in Central America and the Chocó region of Colombia did tropical rainforests remain substantially intact – probably due to the extraordinarily heavy rainfall of these regions.
Wiz Science™ is "the" learning channel for children and all ages.
SUBSCRIBE TODAYDisclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWNRISK.
Background Music:
"The PlaceInside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube AudioLibrary.
This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last+Glacial+Maximum, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License3.0http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.

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There have been five known ice ages in the Earth's history, with the Earth experiencing the QuaternaryIce Age during the present time. Within ice ages, there exist periods of more severe glacial conditions and more temperate referred to as glacial periods and interglacial periods, respectively. The Earth is currently in such an interglacial period of the Quaternary Ice Age, with the last glacial period of the Quaternary having ended approximately 11,700 years ago with the start of the Holocene epoch. Based on climate proxies, paleoclimatologists study the different climate states originating from glaciation.
Deglaciation is the uncovering of a region of land from beneath a glacier or ice sheet by the retreat of it due to shrinkage by either melting or calving of the ice sheet or glacier.

Subscribe to Cosmic TV for more great space, alien and UFO content: http://bit.ly/CosmicTVSubscribe
License your video content worldwide with Janson Media: http://www.janson.com
There have been five known ice ages in the Earth's history, with the Earth experiencing the QuaternaryIce Age during the present time. Within ice ages, there exist periods of more severe glacial conditions and more temperate referred to as glacial periods and interglacial periods, respectively. The Earth is currently in such an interglacial period of the Quaternary Ice Age, with the last glacial period of the Quaternary having ended approximately 11,700 years ago with the start of the Holocene epoch. Based on climate proxies, paleoclimatologists study the different climate states originating from glaciation.
Deglaciation is the uncovering of a region of land from beneath a glacier or ice sheet by the retreat of it due to shrinkage by either melting or calving of the ice sheet or glacier.

The Last Four Glacial Cycles

During the last 400,000 years, considerable parts of North America, Europe and Asia were covered by large ice-sheets. At the maximum of the glaciation about 21,...

During the last 400,000 years, considerable parts of North America, Europe and Asia were covered by large ice-sheets. At the maximum of the glaciation about 21,000 years before present the sea level was approximately 120 m (394 ft) lower than today due to the large quantities of water locked in the ice-sheets, and surface temperatures in many regions of the Earth were significantly colder. The animation shows the extent of the continental ice-sheets and of sea-ice as well as the distribution of land and ocean that is altered by changes in sea-level.
A truly satisfactory explanation of the dynamics of glacial cycles remains elusive to this day. Even though there is compelling evidence that changes in the strength and distribution of solar insolation caused by variations in the Earth's orbit around the sun are mainly responsible for the build-up and melting of ice-sheets. However, the way in which these variations interact with e.g. winds, ocean currents and the terrestrial and marine biosphere is still a matter of current research.

During the last 400,000 years, considerable parts of North America, Europe and Asia were covered by large ice-sheets. At the maximum of the glaciation about 21,000 years before present the sea level was approximately 120 m (394 ft) lower than today due to the large quantities of water locked in the ice-sheets, and surface temperatures in many regions of the Earth were significantly colder. The animation shows the extent of the continental ice-sheets and of sea-ice as well as the distribution of land and ocean that is altered by changes in sea-level.
A truly satisfactory explanation of the dynamics of glacial cycles remains elusive to this day. Even though there is compelling evidence that changes in the strength and distribution of solar insolation caused by variations in the Earth's orbit around the sun are mainly responsible for the build-up and melting of ice-sheets. However, the way in which these variations interact with e.g. winds, ocean currents and the terrestrial and marine biosphere is still a matter of current research.

Last Glacial Period of Sundaland

See in GIF format here: https://atlantisjavasea.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/last-glacial-period-of-sundaland.gifIndonesia in recent years have seen an increas...

See in GIF format here: https://atlantisjavasea.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/last-glacial-period-of-sundaland.gifIndonesia in recent years have seen an increasing number of supporters for the idea of Atlantis being located in the vicinity of today’s archipelago, prior to the ending of the last Ice Age, on the submerged continental shelf now frequently referred to as Sundaland.
With the end of the Pleistocene Ice Age, the immense glaciers that covered the whole of the northern half of North America and Eurasia melted away. Their waters drained to the sea, whose level rose by the estimated amount of about 100 – 150 meters quoted above.
The Pleistocene – a name which is Greek for “most recent” – is also called Anthropozoic Era or Quaternary Era or, yet, the Ice Age. During the Pleistocene and, more exactly, during the glacial episodes that happened at intervals of about 20 thousand years, sea level was about 100 – 150 meters below the present value. With this, a large coastal strip – the so-called ContinentalPlatform (with a width of about 200 kilometers) – became exposed, forming land bridges that interconnected many islands and regions. The most dramatic of such exposures took place in the region of Indonesia, precisely the spot where humanity first flourished.
It was in Indonesia and the neighboring lands that man, after emigrating from the semi-deserted savannas of Africa, first found the ideal climatic conditions for development, and it was there that he invented agriculture and civilization. All this took place during the Pleistocene, the last of the geological eras, which ended a scant 11,600 years ago. Though long by human standards, this is but a brief moment in geological terms.
In his book Eden in the East: The Drowned Continent of Southeast Asia, Oppenheimer makes a case that the rise in ocean levels that accompanied the waning of the ice age – as much as 150 m – during the period 14,000 – 7,000 years ago, must be taken into account when trying to understand the flow of genes and culture in Eurasia. Citing evidence from geology, archaeology, genetics, linguistics, and folklore, he hypothesizes that the Southeast Asian subcontinent of Sundaland was home to a rich and original culture that was dispersed when Sundaland was mostly submerged and its population moved westward. According to Oppenheimer, Sundaland’s culture may have reached India and Mesopotamia, becoming the root for the innovative cultures that developed in those areas. He also suggests that the Austronesian languages originate from Sundaland and that a Neolithic Revolution may have started there.
As the Ice Age ended, there were three catastrophic and rapid rises in sea level. The last of these, which finished shortly before the start of civilization in Mesopotamia, may have been the one that was remembered. These three floods drowned the coastal cultures and all the flat continental shelves of Southeast Asia. As the sea rolled in, there was a mass emigration from the sinking continent. These flood-driven refugees carried their domestic animals with them in large ocean-going canoes in all directions. The networks of sea trade, created by their settlements around the Indian Ocean, fertilized the Neolithic cultures of China, India, Mesopotamia and Egypt.
The SoutheastAsian contributions to the building of the first cities in Mesopotamia may not have been solely technological. While they may have brought the new ideas and skills of megalithic construction cereal domestication, sea-faring, astronomy, navigation, trade and commerce, they may also have introduced the tools to harness and control the labor of the farmers and artisans. These included magic, religion, and concepts of state, kingship and social hierarchy.
The most solid facts come from oceanographic research of the last decade. It now appears that the great rise in sea level after the last Ice Age, known about for many years, was not gradual; three sudden ice-melts, the last of which was only 8,000 years ago, had catastrophic effects on tropical coasts with flat continental shelves. Rapid land loss was compounded by super waves, set off by cracks in the earth’s crust as the weight of ice shifted to the seas.
https://atlantisjavasea.wordpress.com/2015/05/24/a-new-theory-of-atlantis-disclosed/
http://atlantisjavasea.blogspot.com/2015/06/a-new-theory-of-atlantis-disclosed.html
https://www.facebook.com/atlantisinjavasea
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/6027244917

See in GIF format here: https://atlantisjavasea.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/last-glacial-period-of-sundaland.gifIndonesia in recent years have seen an increasing number of supporters for the idea of Atlantis being located in the vicinity of today’s archipelago, prior to the ending of the last Ice Age, on the submerged continental shelf now frequently referred to as Sundaland.
With the end of the Pleistocene Ice Age, the immense glaciers that covered the whole of the northern half of North America and Eurasia melted away. Their waters drained to the sea, whose level rose by the estimated amount of about 100 – 150 meters quoted above.
The Pleistocene – a name which is Greek for “most recent” – is also called Anthropozoic Era or Quaternary Era or, yet, the Ice Age. During the Pleistocene and, more exactly, during the glacial episodes that happened at intervals of about 20 thousand years, sea level was about 100 – 150 meters below the present value. With this, a large coastal strip – the so-called ContinentalPlatform (with a width of about 200 kilometers) – became exposed, forming land bridges that interconnected many islands and regions. The most dramatic of such exposures took place in the region of Indonesia, precisely the spot where humanity first flourished.
It was in Indonesia and the neighboring lands that man, after emigrating from the semi-deserted savannas of Africa, first found the ideal climatic conditions for development, and it was there that he invented agriculture and civilization. All this took place during the Pleistocene, the last of the geological eras, which ended a scant 11,600 years ago. Though long by human standards, this is but a brief moment in geological terms.
In his book Eden in the East: The Drowned Continent of Southeast Asia, Oppenheimer makes a case that the rise in ocean levels that accompanied the waning of the ice age – as much as 150 m – during the period 14,000 – 7,000 years ago, must be taken into account when trying to understand the flow of genes and culture in Eurasia. Citing evidence from geology, archaeology, genetics, linguistics, and folklore, he hypothesizes that the Southeast Asian subcontinent of Sundaland was home to a rich and original culture that was dispersed when Sundaland was mostly submerged and its population moved westward. According to Oppenheimer, Sundaland’s culture may have reached India and Mesopotamia, becoming the root for the innovative cultures that developed in those areas. He also suggests that the Austronesian languages originate from Sundaland and that a Neolithic Revolution may have started there.
As the Ice Age ended, there were three catastrophic and rapid rises in sea level. The last of these, which finished shortly before the start of civilization in Mesopotamia, may have been the one that was remembered. These three floods drowned the coastal cultures and all the flat continental shelves of Southeast Asia. As the sea rolled in, there was a mass emigration from the sinking continent. These flood-driven refugees carried their domestic animals with them in large ocean-going canoes in all directions. The networks of sea trade, created by their settlements around the Indian Ocean, fertilized the Neolithic cultures of China, India, Mesopotamia and Egypt.
The SoutheastAsian contributions to the building of the first cities in Mesopotamia may not have been solely technological. While they may have brought the new ideas and skills of megalithic construction cereal domestication, sea-faring, astronomy, navigation, trade and commerce, they may also have introduced the tools to harness and control the labor of the farmers and artisans. These included magic, religion, and concepts of state, kingship and social hierarchy.
The most solid facts come from oceanographic research of the last decade. It now appears that the great rise in sea level after the last Ice Age, known about for many years, was not gradual; three sudden ice-melts, the last of which was only 8,000 years ago, had catastrophic effects on tropical coasts with flat continental shelves. Rapid land loss was compounded by super waves, set off by cracks in the earth’s crust as the weight of ice shifted to the seas.
https://atlantisjavasea.wordpress.com/2015/05/24/a-new-theory-of-atlantis-disclosed/
http://atlantisjavasea.blogspot.com/2015/06/a-new-theory-of-atlantis-disclosed.html
https://www.facebook.com/atlantisinjavasea
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/6027244917

What is an Ice Age?

Hi, I'm EmeraldRobinson. In this "What Is" video we're going to take a closer look at ice ages.
In 1840, Swiss scientist Louis Agassiz noticed glaciers--huge rivers of ice created by snowfall--occurred throughout northern Europe. As glaciers move they transport rocks and scour the ground beneath them, leaving evidence of their passing. Agassiz theorized glaciers were the remnants of a huge glacial ice field that once covered much of the continent. Geologic evidence of massive glacial activity also occurs in North America.
Agassiz had discovered evidence of the last ice age, a period of time when glacial ice fields extended across large sections of the planet. Geologists have evidence of three ice ages--more properly called glacial ages. The oldest occurred 275 million years ago. The second, which affected parts of Africa, India and Australia, occurred 275 million years ago.
The last glacial age, and the only one to occur since humans appeared, began 1.5 million years ago, and receded 15,000 years ago. During that time the Laurentide ice field covered all of Canada and extended as far south as Indiana.
Glacial ages have enormous effects on the plant's weather patterns, animals and plant life. Animals that cannot adapt to the colder environments die out. Similarly, animals that adapt to cold environments may not survive the change when glaciers recede.
The Milankovich theory, by astronomer Milutin Milankovich, suggests variations in the earth's orbit account for glacial ages. Instead of orbiting the sun in a constant pattern, the earth "wobbles." Over millions of years this "wobbling" affects global temperatures. As glacial ice fields spread, snow and ice reflect sunlight that would otherwise warm the earth, causing further drops in cold temperatures. Low levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can also contribute to a glacial age.

2:53

Last Glacial Maximum - Video Learning - WizScience.com

The "Last Glacial Maximum" was the last period in the Earth's climate history during the...

Last Glacial Maximum - Video Learning - WizScience.com

The "Last Glacial Maximum" was the last period in the Earth's climate history during the last glacial period when ice sheets were at their greatest extension. Growth of the ice sheets reached their maximum positions 26,500 years ago. Deglaciation commenced in the Northern Hemisphere approximately 19,000 years ago, and in Antarctica approximately 14,500 years ago which is consistent with evidence that this was the primary source for an abrupt rise in the sea level 14,500 years ago. At this time, vast ice sheets covered much of North America, northern Europe and Asia. These ice sheets profoundly affected Earth's climate, causing drought, desertification, and a dramatic drop in sea levels. It was followed by the Late Glacial Maximum.
The formation of an ice sheet or ice cap requires both prolonged cold and precipitation . Hence, despite having temperatures similar to those of glaciated areas in North America and Europe, East Asia remained unglaciated except at higher elevations. This difference was because the ice sheets in Europe produced extensive anticyclones above them. These anticyclones generated air masses that were so dry on reaching Siberia and Manchuria that precipitation sufficient for the formation of glaciers could never occur . The relative warmth of the Pacific Ocean due to the shutting down of the Oyashio Current and the presence of large 'east-west' mountain ranges were secondary factors preventing continental glaciation in Asia.
All over the world, climates at the Last Glacial Maximum were cooler and almost everywhere drier. In extreme cases, such as South Australia and the Sahel, rainfall could be diminished by up to 90% from present, with florae diminished to almost the same degree as in glaciated areas of Europe and North America. Even in less affected regions, rainforest cover was greatly diminished, especially in West Africa where a few "refugia" were surrounded by tropical grasslands. The Amazon rainforest was split into two large blocks by extensive savanna, and the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia probably were similarly affected, with deciduous forests expanding in their place except on the east and west extremities of the Sundaland shelf. Only in Central America and the Chocó region of Colombia did tropical rainforests remain substantially intact – probably due to the extraordinarily heavy rainfall of these regions.
Wiz Science™ is "the" learning channel for children and all ages.
SUBSCRIBE TODAYDisclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWNRISK.
Background Music:
"The PlaceInside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube AudioLibrary.
This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last+Glacial+Maximum, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License3.0http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.

7:09

Earth's History of Glaciation and Deglaciation

Subscribe to Cosmic TV for more great space, alien and UFO content: http://bit.ly/CosmicTV...

Earth's History of Glaciation and Deglaciation

Subscribe to Cosmic TV for more great space, alien and UFO content: http://bit.ly/CosmicTVSubscribe
License your video content worldwide with Janson Media: http://www.janson.com
There have been five known ice ages in the Earth's history, with the Earth experiencing the QuaternaryIce Age during the present time. Within ice ages, there exist periods of more severe glacial conditions and more temperate referred to as glacial periods and interglacial periods, respectively. The Earth is currently in such an interglacial period of the Quaternary Ice Age, with the last glacial period of the Quaternary having ended approximately 11,700 years ago with the start of the Holocene epoch. Based on climate proxies, paleoclimatologists study the different climate states originating from glaciation.
Deglaciation is the uncovering of a region of land from beneath a glacier or ice sheet by the retreat of it due to shrinkage by either melting or calving of the ice sheet or glacier.

1:09

The Last Four Glacial Cycles

During the last 400,000 years, considerable parts of North America, Europe and Asia were c...

The Last Four Glacial Cycles

During the last 400,000 years, considerable parts of North America, Europe and Asia were covered by large ice-sheets. At the maximum of the glaciation about 21,000 years before present the sea level was approximately 120 m (394 ft) lower than today due to the large quantities of water locked in the ice-sheets, and surface temperatures in many regions of the Earth were significantly colder. The animation shows the extent of the continental ice-sheets and of sea-ice as well as the distribution of land and ocean that is altered by changes in sea-level.
A truly satisfactory explanation of the dynamics of glacial cycles remains elusive to this day. Even though there is compelling evidence that changes in the strength and distribution of solar insolation caused by variations in the Earth's orbit around the sun are mainly responsible for the build-up and melting of ice-sheets. However, the way in which these variations interact with e.g. winds, ocean currents and the terrestrial and marine biosphere is still a matter of current research.

3:17

Glacial Cycles

Professor Dominic Hodges from the British Antarctic Survey explains how natural patterns o...

Last Glacial Period of Sundaland

See in GIF format here: https://atlantisjavasea.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/last-glacial-period-of-sundaland.gifIndonesia in recent years have seen an increasing number of supporters for the idea of Atlantis being located in the vicinity of today’s archipelago, prior to the ending of the last Ice Age, on the submerged continental shelf now frequently referred to as Sundaland.
With the end of the Pleistocene Ice Age, the immense glaciers that covered the whole of the northern half of North America and Eurasia melted away. Their waters drained to the sea, whose level rose by the estimated amount of about 100 – 150 meters quoted above.
The Pleistocene – a name which is Greek for “most recent” – is also called Anthropozoic Era or Quaternary Era or, yet, the Ice Age. During the Pleistocene and, more exactly, during the glacial episodes that happened at intervals of about 20 thousand years, sea level was about 100 – 150 meters below the present value. With this, a large coastal strip – the so-called ContinentalPlatform (with a width of about 200 kilometers) – became exposed, forming land bridges that interconnected many islands and regions. The most dramatic of such exposures took place in the region of Indonesia, precisely the spot where humanity first flourished.
It was in Indonesia and the neighboring lands that man, after emigrating from the semi-deserted savannas of Africa, first found the ideal climatic conditions for development, and it was there that he invented agriculture and civilization. All this took place during the Pleistocene, the last of the geological eras, which ended a scant 11,600 years ago. Though long by human standards, this is but a brief moment in geological terms.
In his book Eden in the East: The Drowned Continent of Southeast Asia, Oppenheimer makes a case that the rise in ocean levels that accompanied the waning of the ice age – as much as 150 m – during the period 14,000 – 7,000 years ago, must be taken into account when trying to understand the flow of genes and culture in Eurasia. Citing evidence from geology, archaeology, genetics, linguistics, and folklore, he hypothesizes that the Southeast Asian subcontinent of Sundaland was home to a rich and original culture that was dispersed when Sundaland was mostly submerged and its population moved westward. According to Oppenheimer, Sundaland’s culture may have reached India and Mesopotamia, becoming the root for the innovative cultures that developed in those areas. He also suggests that the Austronesian languages originate from Sundaland and that a Neolithic Revolution may have started there.
As the Ice Age ended, there were three catastrophic and rapid rises in sea level. The last of these, which finished shortly before the start of civilization in Mesopotamia, may have been the one that was remembered. These three floods drowned the coastal cultures and all the flat continental shelves of Southeast Asia. As the sea rolled in, there was a mass emigration from the sinking continent. These flood-driven refugees carried their domestic animals with them in large ocean-going canoes in all directions. The networks of sea trade, created by their settlements around the Indian Ocean, fertilized the Neolithic cultures of China, India, Mesopotamia and Egypt.
The SoutheastAsian contributions to the building of the first cities in Mesopotamia may not have been solely technological. While they may have brought the new ideas and skills of megalithic construction cereal domestication, sea-faring, astronomy, navigation, trade and commerce, they may also have introduced the tools to harness and control the labor of the farmers and artisans. These included magic, religion, and concepts of state, kingship and social hierarchy.
The most solid facts come from oceanographic research of the last decade. It now appears that the great rise in sea level after the last Ice Age, known about for many years, was not gradual; three sudden ice-melts, the last of which was only 8,000 years ago, had catastrophic effects on tropical coasts with flat continental shelves. Rapid land loss was compounded by super waves, set off by cracks in the earth’s crust as the weight of ice shifted to the seas.
https://atlantisjavasea.wordpress.com/2015/05/24/a-new-theory-of-atlantis-disclosed/
http://atlantisjavasea.blogspot.com/2015/06/a-new-theory-of-atlantis-disclosed.html
https://www.facebook.com/atlantisinjavasea
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/6027244917

1:08

The Last Ice Age (120 000 years ago to Modern)

This is a visualization of the last ice age using a global ice sheet model with pro-glacia...

Ледниковый период Столкновение неизбежно 2016 ТРЕ...

When the sun dims dramatically Monday morning, that would be like an entire power plant unit shutting down for the Lone Star State's electricity grid. The much-anticipated solar eclipse will wipe out about 600 megawatts worth of electricity generation from Texas' growing solar power industry, according to officials with ERCOT, which manages the Texas grid.&nbsp; ... "That is not very much," she said about eclipse's influence ... ....

Multiple media reports Thursday reported a van crashed into dozens of people in the center of Barcelona Thursday killing two and injuring several people. Local Spanish media say two armed men have entered a restaurant after a van crashed into a crowd of people, according to Reuters, and police consider the incident to be terror related. Local media reports say two people were killed instantly when struck by the van....

The Guardian reported that police announced one person was arrested in relation to the attack on Thursday where someone drove a white van through the busy, pedestrian area of Las Ramblas in Barcelona, Spain which has left at least 13 dead, and more than 50 injured ...Police said that the number of the dead was "bound to rise" since at least 50 people were injured after the attack, interior minister for Catalonia, Joaquim Form said ... ... U.S....

Islamic State militants have claimed responsibility for an act of terrorism in which a van struck and killed at least a dozen people on Barcelona’s most famous avenue Thursday, Reuters reported Thursday.Carles Puigdemont, the head of the Spanish region of Catalonia, said at least 80 people had been taken to hospital and around 12 had died. Officials remain unsure how many attackers were involved in the incident ... She told La Vanguardia....

The number of asylum seekers who are illegally crossing into Canada from the United States more than tripled last month, according to new data released on Thursday by the Canadian government which hints at the deep fears that migrants have about the recent U.S. administration immigration crackdown ...The RoyalCanadian Mounted Police said that an additional 3,800 asylum seekers were arrested crossing the U.S ... "It's not a crisis ... ....

The Upper Reaches of the Lich King's Icecrown is now open, which means Hearthstone players will have three more single-player bosses to confront. There's a fresh Knights of the Frozen Throne card pack available for anyone that beats these three bosses, so Shacknews is going to help out with some key strategies for this week's baddies ... (Or will they?). THE UPPER REACHES - BOSS 1. Blood-Queen Lana'thel. HeroPower ... (1) Glacial Shard - 2 ... ....

Twitter users cry sacrilege and blame Brexit for downsizing of chocolate treat after Nestlé relaunch it as Whip. Nestlé. Downward spiral. dismayed Walnut Whip lovers react to loss of nut ... It was bad enough when great glacial valleys appeared between the peaks of Toblerone bars, and the shrinkflation fairy spirited away 15% of the Maltesers in each packet overnight. Outrage has now greeted the launch of a new confection ... Walnut snip ... ....

The meeting was held to defuse tension that cropped up a day before when troops from both sides reportedly threw stones at each other following an altercation. This resulted in injuries to soldiers from both sides. PTI file photo ... This resulted in injuries to soldiers from both sides ... The 135 km-long glacial-melt lake, straddles both countries. Two-thirds of the lake is in Chinese control while the rest is with India ... ....

DON’T WORRY. I know many of you have been glued to the TV or other screens, unable, in some degree of shock, to look away from the trainwreck more awful than most anticipated, the history we prayed we’d never be making. But like many of you, I may be horrified but not much surprised ... No need for white hoods anymore. They feel legitimized ... Give me even the reprehensible Pence if it means peace ... I know investigations are moving glacially ... ....

The continental shelves are the most biologically dynamic regions of the ocean, and they are extensive worldwide, especially in the western North Pacific. Their area has varied dramatically over the glacial/interglacial cycles of the last million years, but the effects of this variation on ocean biological and chemical processes remain... ....

This Sunday 20th August, London’sCafe Oto will be holding a listening night with the theme of confronting environmental crisis through sound ... Full event details are here ... Against the drip drip drip of glacial melt, this evening showcases sound works that seek to confront environmental change.” ... ....

The NationalCentre for Hydrology and Meteorology (NCHM) officials confirmed that the small flood reported from Cherichhu in Thimphu on the night of August 13 was a flash flood and not glacial lake outburst flood. NCHM’s In-Charge for Flood Monitoring and CommandRoom (FMCR), Sangay Tenzin, explained that the flood did not start from the water source but because of landslide and continuous heavy rainfall....

The chopper cuts through the mountain pass, soaring above the jagged terrain that fades from green to brown to white. It’s destined for Minaret Station, a private ranch on a glacial valley in the southern Alps that’s accessible by helicopter only. Set outside of Queenstown on New Zealand’sSouth Island, Minaret is as lavish as it is remote. The pilot is the first clue that the destination is unconventional ... ....

By Nick Baveystock and Jan Mischke. LONDON ― For 20 years, productivity in the global construction industry has grown at an annual rate of just 1% ... The construction industry's glacial pace of change is unlike that of other sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing, which have transformed their productivity performance over time ... Urbanization may be leveling off in many advanced economies, but it will continue in emerging countries ... ....

Worrying times ahead. how the govt is curtailing freedom of education. Autonomy has always been a pipe dream for educational institutions in India. And while political appointments, rather than merit, have been the norm in the past, the current government seems to be taking them to an extreme ... “These are dangerous times we live in ... “It is extremely shocking to see the glacial change in the education atmosphere in India ... ....

There is a need to adopt current best practice in the management of environmental issues, and redefine the banking sector’s role and ability to address systemic environmental risk ... Subsequently, some countries issued strategies for greening their financial systems ... The critical impacts of climate change appear to be on its water resources, especially glacial lakes, and its hydropower generation ... Pant is with Nepal Rastra Bank ... ....

Mining For Tesla's Limiting Factor. Cobalt Tesla's Cobalt Problem... Dizard argued the bond offering's prospectus gave insufficient attention to the company's cobalt risks. ... [...] ... Dizard goes on to counter an anticipated objection that cobalt requirements could be engineered down, arguing that that would likely take a decade, which is consistent with his point last month about the glacial pace of battery technology advancement ... [...] ... ....