eBook

Your complete guide to a higher score on the AP Biology exam. Included in book: A review of the AP exam format and scoring, proven strategies for answering multiple-choice questions, and hints for tackling the essay questions. A list of 14 specific must-know principles are covered. Includes sample questions and answers for each subject Laboratory Review includes a focused review of all 12 AP laboratory exercises. AP Biology Practice Tests features 2 full-length practice tests that simulate the actual test along with answers and complete explanations. AP is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

Phillip E. Pack, Ph.D., has taught AP Biology and gifted programs for more than 15 years. He is an Assistant Professor of Math and Science at Woodbury University in Burbank, California.

Introduction

p. 1

How You Should Use This Book

p. 1

What to Bring to the Exam

p. 2

Exam Format

p. 2

Exam Grading

p. 2

What's on the Exam

p. 3

Hints for Taking the Multiple-Choice Section

p. 4

Hints for Taking the Essay Section

p. 4

Must-Know Essay Questions

p. 6

Some Final Suggestions

p. 7

Subject Area Reviews with Sample Questions and Answers

Chemistry

p. 11

Review

p. 11

Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and Bonds

p. 11

Properties of Water

p. 12

Organic Molecules

p. 13

Carbohydrates

p. 14

Lipids

p. 16

Proteins

p. 17

Nucleic Acids

p. 20

Chemical Reactions in Metabolic Processes

p. 22

Sample Questions and Answers

p. 25

Cells

p. 33

Review

p. 33

Structure and Function of the Cell

p. 33

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

p. 38

Movement of Substances

p. 38

Sample Questions and Answers

p. 40

Cellular Respiration

p. 45

Review

p. 45

Glycolysis

p. 45

The Krebs Cycle

p. 45

Oxidative Phosphorylation

p. 46

How Many ATP?

p. 47

Mitochondria

p. 47

Chemiosmosis in Mitochondria

p. 48

Two Types of Phosphorylation

p. 49

Anaerobic Respiration

p. 49

Alcohol Fermentation

p. 49

Lactic Acid Fermentation

p. 50

Sample Questions and Answers

p. 51

Photosynthesis

p. 57

Review

p. 57

Noncyclic Photophosphorylation

p. 57

Cyclic Photophosphorylation

p. 59

Calvin Cycle

p. 59

Chloroplasts

p. 60

Chemiosmosis in Chloroplasts

p. 60

Photorespiration

p. 61

C[subscript 4] Photosynthesis

p. 62

CAM Photosynthesis

p. 62

Sample Questions and Answers

p. 64

Cell Division

p. 73

Review

p. 73

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

p. 74

Meiosis

p. 76

Mitosis versus Meiosis

p. 78

Genetic Variation

p. 80

Regulation of the Cell Cycle

p. 80

Sample Questions and Answers

p. 82

Heredity

p. 89

Review

p. 89

Complete Dominance, Monohybrid Cross

p. 90

Complete Dominance, Dihybrid Cross

p. 92

Test Crosses

p. 93

Incomplete Dominance

p. 94

Codominance

p. 94

Multiple Alleles

p. 94

Epistasis

p. 95

Pleiotropy

p. 95

Polygenic Inheritance

p. 95

Linked Genes

p. 95

Sex-Linked Inheritance

p. 97

X-Inactivation

p. 97

Nondisjunction

p. 98

Human Genetic Defects

p. 98

Sample Questions and Answers

p. 99

Molecular Genetics

p. 107

Review

p. 107

DNA Replication

p. 107

Replication of Telomeres

p. 109

Protein Synthesis

p. 111

Transcription

p. 112

mRNA Processing

p. 113

Translation

p. 114

Mutations

p. 116

DNA Organization

p. 116

The Molecular Genetics of Viruses

p. 117

The Molecular Genetics of Bacteria

p. 117

Regulation of Gene Expression

p. 118

Recombinant DNA

p. 119

Sample Questions and Answers

p. 121

Evolution

p. 129

Review

p. 129

Evidence for Evolution

p. 129

Natural Selection

p. 130

Sources of Variation

p. 132

Causes of Changes in Allele Frequencies

p. 134

Genetic Equilibrium

p. 134

Speciation

p. 135

Maintaining Reproductive Isolation

p. 137

Patterns of Evolution

p. 137

Macroevolution

p. 138

The Origin of Life

p. 139

Sample Questions and Answers

p. 141

Biological Diversity

p. 149

Review

p. 149

Domain Archaea

p. 150

Domain Bacteria

p. 150

Domain Eukarya

p. 151

Kingdom Protista

p. 151

Kingdom Fungi

p. 153

Kingdom Plantae

p. 154

Kingdom Animalia

p. 157

Sample Questions and Answers

p. 161

Plants

p. 167

Review

p. 167

Plant Tissues

p. 167

The Seed

p. 168

Germination and Development

p. 168

Primary Growth Versus Secondary Growth

p. 169

Primary Structure of Roots

p. 169

Primary Structure of Stems

p. 171

Secondary Structure of Stems and Roots

p. 172

Structure of the Leaf

p. 173

Transport of Water

p. 174

Control of Stomata

p. 174

Transport of Sugars

p. 175

Plant Hormones

p. 176

Plant Responses to Stimuli

p. 176

Photoperiodism

p. 177

Sample Questions and Answers

p. 179

Animal Form and Function

p. 185

Review

p. 185

Thermoregulation

p. 185

The Respiratory System

p. 186

The Circulatory System

p. 187

The Excretory System

p. 189

The Digestive System

p. 192

The Nervous System

p. 194

The Muscular System

p. 196

The Immune System

p. 198

The Endocrine System

p. 201

Sample Questions and Answers

p. 203

Animal Reproduction and Development

p. 211

Review

p. 211

Characteristics That Distinguish the Sexes

p. 211

Human Reproductive Anatomy

p. 211

Gametogenesis in Humans

p. 212

Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction

p. 212

Embryonic Development

p. 214

Factors That Influence Development

p. 217

Sample Questions and Answers

p. 218

Animal Behavior

p. 225

Review

p. 225

Genetic Basis of Behavior

p. 225

Kinds of Animal Behavior

p. 225

Animal Movement

p. 227

Communication in Animals

p. 227

Foraging Behaviors

p. 228

Social Behavior

p. 228

Sample Questions and Answers

p. 230

Ecology

p. 235

Review

p. 235

Population Ecology

p. 235

Human Population Growth

p. 240

Community Ecology

p. 240

Coevolution

p. 241

Ecological Succession

p. 242

Ecosystems

p. 244

Biogeochemical Cycles

p. 245

Biomes

p. 246

Human Impact on the Biosphere

p. 246

Sample Questions and Answers

p. 248

Laboratory Review

Laboratory Review

p. 257

Review

p. 257

Graphing Data

p. 257

Designing an Experiment

p. 258

Diffusion and Osmosis

p. 259

Enzyme Catalysis

p. 260

Mitosis and Meiosis

p. 261

Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis

p. 262

Cell Respiration

p. 264

Molecular Biology

p. 265

Genetics of Drosophila

p. 267

Population Genetics and Evolution

p. 269

Transpiration

p. 270

Physiology of the Circulatory System

p. 272

Animal Behavior

p. 273

Dissolved Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity

p. 274

Sample Questions and Answers

p. 276

AP Biology Practice Tests

p. 291

(Multiple-Choice Questions)

p. 291

(Free-Response Questions)

p. 306

Answer Key for Practice Test 1

p. 308

Scoring Your Practice Test

p. 309

Answers and Explanations for Practice Test 1

p. 310

p. 323

(Multiple-Choice Questions)

p. 323

(Free-Response Questions)

p. 337

Answer Key for Practice Test 2

p. 340

Scoring Your Practice Test

p. 341

Answers and Explanations for Practice Test 2

p. 342

Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

The bestselling *AP Biology study guide-now updated to reflect changes in the testOver 120,000 high school students take the AP Biology exam each year. This new edition of the bestselling guide features an additional practice test to give students more experience and build their skills and confidence. The practice tests include answers and explanations to help students pinpoint areas for further study. With reviews and exercises addressing all of the test topics plus proven test-taking strategies for both the multiple choice and essay parts of the test, this guide helps students get a higher score. When the pressure's on, students know Cliffs is the answer.Phillip E. Pack, PhD (Altadena, CA) has taught AP Biology and gifted programs for over 15 years. He is an assistant professor of math and science at Woodbury University in Burbank, California.