During the second half of the 19th century, some Catalan cities were the scene of "bullangues". Under the name of bullangues, we recall the unsuccessful progressive riots that took place because of the broken pprogressive omises and impositions of the Spanish government.

Among the promoters of bullangues were workers' movements and the most modern sectors of the Catalan petty bourgeoisie, unhappy with the Jacobin conception of the State.

When we recall the bullangues, we talk about violent insurgencies with immediate effects on the everyday life of the cities wheve they happened: the murder of high-ranking military officers, the demolition of monarchic symbols, the torching of churches and the destruction of factories and the industrialists' buildings.

To quash these popular uprisings, the Spanish government exerted a brutal repression against the workers' movements and pursued with surgical precision and martial determination the petty bourgeoisie that had sponsored or accompanied them.

These insurrections, however, had a Lampedusian touch to them. What was to be a new fire petered out. Moreover, it was the perfect storm for the government of Madrid to establish even more rigid military and political control systems in the main Catalan cities. In other words, not only did we go back to the initial situation, but state power and control over the municipalities of the Principality was also consolidated, extended and rooted.

In Catalonia in 2017 we have observed with astonishment how people, from prosecutor Magdali to "terriodista" ("terrovmongering journalist") Inda, have had the complicity of most of the Spanish media, with good exceptions like eldiario.es, to try to build a narrative of latent violence within the framework and the ranks of the supporters of independence.https://www.media.cat/2017/03/02/el-somni-de-les-bullangues/

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Events are falsely attibuted to the independence movement to support this narrative. Here is a good example:

Fake images used in unionist campaign over Barcelona assault

British police chief rejects claim Catalan separatists were violent

Graham Keeley, MadridApril 8 2019, 12:01am, The TimesSpanish police closed polling stations on referendum day, but the “vast majority of protesters can be assessed as non-violent”

The vast majority of protesters did not use violence against police during the Catalan independence referendum campaign, according to an independent report by a senior British police officer.The findings of Sir Hugh Orde, a former chief constable with the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) and expert on public order, contradict the narrative presented by the prosecution in the trial of 12 separatist leaders.

The Spanish government has been at pains to show it is a fair trial, but it has been criticised for its heavy handedness in what is essentially a political dispute. The prosecution alleges that the Catalan leaders led violent clashes with police before and during the referendum vote on October 1, 2017.