.A native of Illinois, Hillary Rodham attracted national attention in 1969 for her remarks as the first student commencement speaker at Wellesley College.^A native of Illinois , Hillary Rodham attracted national attention in 1969 when she delivered an address as the first student to speak at commencement exercises for Wellesley College .

.First Lady of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and 1983 to 1992 with husband Bill as Governor, she successfully led a task force to reform Arkansas's education system.^Arkansas Educational Standards Committee - Chair 1983 until 1992: .

^She was the First Lady of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and 1983 to 1992, was active in a number of organizations concerned with the welfare of children, and was on the board of Wal-Mart and several other corporate boards.

.In 1994 as First Lady of the United States, her major initiative, the Clinton health care plan, failed to gain approval from the U.S. Congress.^Health care initiatives are her first priority in Senate.

^Her major initiative, the Clinton health care plan, failed to gain approval by the U.S. Congress in 1994, but in 1997 she helped establish the State Children's Health Insurance Program and the Adoption and Safe Families Act.

.Her time as First Lady drew a polarized response from the American public.^This implausible tale, on top of other deceptions, prompted New York Times columnist William Safire to write on January 8, 1996, that "our first lady ...

.She is the only First Lady to have been subpoenaed, testifying before a federal grand jury in 1996 due to the Whitewater controversy, but was never charged with wrongdoing in this or several other investigations during her husband's administration.^She was never charged with any wrongdoing in this or several other investigations during her husband's administration.

The state of her marriage was the subject of considerable speculation following the Lewinsky scandal in 1998.

.After moving to the state of New York, Clinton was elected as a U.S. Senator in 2000. That election marked the first time an American First Lady had run for public office; Clinton was also the first female senator to represent the state.^Bill Clinton believes he is running for office again..

.She subsequently opposed the administration on its conduct of the war in Iraq and on most domestic issues.^She has subsequently opposed the administration on its conduct of the Iraq War and has opposed it on most domestic issues.

^Friday, October 19, 2007 NEW YORK - Hillary Rodham Clinton likes to say she was born in the middle of the country at the middle of the century, in a Chicago suburb that defined a childhood out of "Father Knows Best" or "Ozzie and Harriet."

[1][2].She was raised in a United Methodist family, first in Chicago, and then, from the age of three, in suburban Park Ridge, Illinois.^Hillary [2] [3] [4] Diane Rodham was born at Edgewater Hospital in Chicago , Illinois , [5] and was raised in a United Methodist family, [6] first in Chicago, and then, from the age of three, in suburban Park Ridge, Illinois , which is also located in Cook County .

[3].Her father, Hugh Ellsworth Rodham, was a child of Welsh and English immigrants;[4] he managed a successful small business in the textile industry.^Her father, Hugh Ellsworth Rodham , was a son of Welsh and English immigrants [8] and operated a small but successful business in the textile industry .

[1][9].For her senior year, she was redistricted to Maine South High School, where she was a National Merit Finalist and graduated in the top five percent of her class of 1965.[9][10] Her mother wanted her to have an independent, professional career,[6] and her father, otherwise a traditionalist, held the modern notion that his daughter's abilities and opportunities should not be limited by gender.^For her senior year she was redistricted to Maine South High School , [12] where she was a National Merit Finalist and graduated in 1965.

.Raised in a politically conservative household,[6] at age thirteen Rodham helped canvass South Side Chicago following the very close 1960 U.S. presidential election, where she found evidence of electoral fraud against Republican candidate Richard Nixon.^Raised in a politically conservative household, [14] at age thirteen she helped canvass South Side Chicago following the very close 1960 U.S. presidential election , finding evidence of electoral fraud against Republican candidate Richard Nixon , [15] and volunteered for Republican candidate Barry Goldwater in the U.S. presidential election of 1964 .

^GoCrossPoliticalBash08 Fight for your favorite presidential candidate, and join forces with thousands of fellow supporters in an epic online battle for political conquest across the United States against your rival candidates!

^Rodham attended the 1968 Republican National Convention in Miami , where she decided to leave the Republican Party for good; she was upset over how Richard Nixon ’s campaign had portrayed Rockefeller and what Rodham perceived as the “veiled” racist messages of the convention.

[12].She then volunteered to campaign for Republican candidate Barry Goldwater in the U.S. presidential election of 1964.^Raised in a politically conservative household, [14] at age thirteen she helped canvass South Side Chicago following the very close 1960 U.S. presidential election , finding evidence of electoral fraud against Republican candidate Richard Nixon , [15] and volunteered for Republican candidate Barry Goldwater in the U.S. presidential election of 1964 .

[16].During her freshman year, she served as president of the Wellesley Young Republicans;[17][18] with this Rockefeller Republican-oriented group,[19] she supported the elections of John Lindsay and Edward Brooke.^She served as president of the Rockefeller Republican -oriented [20] Wellesley Young Republicans organization during her freshman year [21] [22] and with them supported the elections of John Lindsay and Edward Brooke .

[20].She later stepped down from this position, as her views changed regarding the American Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War.^However, due to her evolving views regarding the American Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War , she stepped down from that position; [21] she characterized her own nature as that of “a mind conservative and a heart liberal.” [24] Active in campus affairs, she sought to work for change within the system, rather than take then-popular radical actions against it.

^From their principled opposition to the Iraq war – a war I also opposed from the start – to their strong support for a number of progressive causes, MoveOn shows what Americans can achieve when we come together in a grassroots movement for change,” he said in a statement.

[21].In contrast to the 1960s current that believed in radical actions against the political system, she sought to work for change within it.^However, due to her evolving views regarding the American Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War , she stepped down from that position; [21] she characterized her own nature as that of “a mind conservative and a heart liberal.” [24] Active in campus affairs, she sought to work for change within the system, rather than take then-popular radical actions against it.

^She was already beginning to call herself a former Goldwater Girl, demonstrating her newfound political beliefs most dramatically by supporting the anti-war campaign of Senator Eugene McCarthy in his bid to displace President Johnson as the Democratic nominee.

[23] Following the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., Rodham organized a two-day student strike and worked with Wellesley's black students to recruit more black students and faculty.[23].In early 1968, she was elected president of the Wellesley College Government Association and served through early 1969;[22][24] she was instrumental in keeping Wellesley from being embroiled in the student disruptions common to other colleges.^In early 1968 she was elected president of the Wellesley College Government Association and served through early 1969; [25] [28] she was instrumental in keeping Wellesley from being embroiled by the student disruptions common to other colleges at the time.

[22].A number of her fellow students thought she might some day become the first woman President of the United States.^A number of her fellow students thought at the time she might someday become the first woman President of the United States.

^It says that some states are improperly using Social Security data to verify new voters' registration applications, and that others might have broken rules that govern removing voters from the rolls within 90 days of a federal election.

[22].So she could better understand her changing political views, Professor Alan Schechter assigned Rodham to intern at the House Republican Conference, and she attended the "Wellesley in Washington" summer program.^She attended the “Wellesley in Washington” summer program at the urging of Professor Alan Schechter , who assigned Rodham to intern at the House Republican Conference so she could better understand her changing political views.

[23].Rodham was invited by moderate New York Republican Representative Charles Goodell to help Governor Nelson Rockefeller’s late-entry campaign for the Republican nomination.^Hillary the next governor of New York?

^Rodham attended the 1968 Republican National Convention in Miami , where she decided to leave the Republican Party for good; she was upset over how Richard Nixon ’s campaign had portrayed Rockefeller and what Rodham perceived as the “veiled” racist messages of the convention.

[23].Rodham attended the 1968 Republican National Convention in Miami.^Rodham attended the 1968 Republican National Convention in Miami , where she decided to leave the Republican Party for good; she was upset over how Richard Nixon ’s campaign had portrayed Rockefeller and what Rodham perceived as the “veiled” racist messages of the convention.

.However, she was upset by how Richard Nixon's campaign portrayed Rockefeller and by what she perceived as the convention's "veiled" racist messages, and left the Republican Party for good.^Rodham attended the 1968 Republican National Convention in Miami , where she decided to leave the Republican Party for good; she was upset over how Richard Nixon ’s campaign had portrayed Rockefeller and what Rodham perceived as the “veiled” racist messages of the convention.

^Despite repeated contacts during the election campaign, not even a message of recognition was received, contrary to all the other political parties in the USA, including the office of Vice President Richard (Dick) Cheney.

.Returning to Wellesley for her final year, Rodham wrote her senior thesis about the tactics of radical community organizer Saul Alinsky under Professor Schechter (years later while she was First Lady, access to the thesis was restricted at the request of the White House and it became the subject of some speculation).^Rodham returned to Wellesley, and wrote her senior thesis about the tactics of radical community organizer Saul Alinsky under Professor Schechter (which, years later while she was First Lady, was suppressed at the request of the White House and became the subject of speculation as to its contents ).

[25].Following pressure from some fellow students,[27] she became the first student in Wellesley College history to deliver its commencement address.^Stemming from the demands of some students, [30] she became the first student in Wellesley College history to deliver their commencement address .

[22][28][29].She was featured in an article published in Life magazine,[30] due to the response to a part of her speech that criticized Senator Edward Brooke, who had spoken before her at the commencement.^This gives remarkable power to those in our society who resort to violence in response to disturbing speech and messages.

[27].She also appeared on Irv Kupcinet's nationally syndicated television talk show as well as in Illinois and New England newspapers.^She was featured in an article published in Life magazine, due to the response to a part of her speech that criticized Senator Edward Brooke , who had spoken before her at the commencement; [11] she also appeared on Irv Kupcinet ’s nationally-syndicated television talk show as well as in Illinois and New England newspapers.

[31].That summer, she worked her way across Alaska, washing dishes in Mount McKinley National Park and sliming salmon in a fish processing cannery in Valdez (which fired her and shut down overnight when she complained about unhealthy conditions).^That summer, she worked her way across Alaska , washing dishes in Mount McKinley National Park and sliming salmon in a fish processing cannery in Valdez (which fired her and shut down overnight when she complained about unhealthy conditions).

[33].During her second year, she worked at the Yale Child Study Center,[34] learning about new research on early childhood brain development and working as a research assistant on the seminal work, Beyond the Best Interests of the Child (1973).^(Aug 1993) 1973: Researched "Beyond the Best Interest of the Child".

[35][36].She also took on cases of child abuse at Yale-New Haven Hospital,[35] and volunteered at New Haven Legal Services to provide free legal advice for the poor.^She also took on cases of child abuse at Yale-New Haven Hospital , [38] and volunteered at New Haven Legal Services to provide free advice for the poor.

[34].In the summer of 1970, she was awarded a grant to work at Marian Wright Edelman's Washington Research Project, where she was assigned to Senator Walter Mondale's Subcommittee on Migratory Labor.^In the summer of 1970, she was awarded a grant to work at Marian Wright Edelman ’s Washington Research Project, where she was assigned to Senator Walter Mondale ’s Subcommittee on Migratory Labor , researching migrant workers ‘ problems in housing, sanitation, health and education; [40] [41] Edelman would become a significant mentor to her.

.There she researched migrant workers' problems in housing, sanitation, health and education.^In the summer of 1970, she was awarded a grant to work at Marian Wright Edelman ’s Washington Research Project, where she was assigned to Senator Walter Mondale ’s Subcommittee on Migratory Labor , researching migrant workers ‘ problems in housing, sanitation, health and education; [40] [41] Edelman would become a significant mentor to her.

[37] Edelman later became a significant mentor.[38].She was recruited by political advisor Anne Wexler to work on the 1970 campaign of Connecticut U.S. Senate candidate Joseph Duffey, with Rodham later crediting Wexler with providing her first job in politics.^First presidential campaign worked on was Sen.

.That summer, she interned at the Oakland, California, law firm of Treuhaft, Walker and Burnstein.^That summer, she interned on child custody cases [42] at the Oakland, California , law firm of Treuhaft, Walker and Burnstein , [43] [44] which was well-known for its support of constitutional rights , civil liberties , and radical causes ; [44] two of its four partners were current or former communist party members .

^That summer, she interned on child custody cases [42] at the Oakland, California , law firm of Treuhaft, Walker and Burnstein , [43] [44] which was well-known for its support of constitutional rights , civil liberties , and radical causes ; [44] two of its four partners were current or former communist party members .

^Obama's rebuke of the former president, who is still extremely popular with Democrats, came on the holiday honoring Martin Luther King Jr., when both Bill and Hillary Rodham Clinton focused on the civil rights leader.

[nb .2] Clinton canceled his original summer plans, in order to live with her in California;[41] the couple continued living together in New Haven when they returned to law school.^Clinton canceled his original summer plans in order to live with her in an apartment in Berkeley, California , [47] later writing, “I told her I’d have the rest of my life for my work and my ambition, but I loved her and I wanted to see if it could work out for us.” [47] The romance did develop, and the couple continued living together in New Haven when they returned to law school.

[43].She received a Juris Doctor degree from Yale in 1973,[26] having stayed on an extra year in order to be with Clinton.^She received a Juris Doctor degree from Yale in 1973, [11] having spent an extra year there in order to be with Clinton.

^During her second year, she worked at the Yale Child Study Center , [37] learning about new research on early childhood brain development and working as a research assistant on the seminal work, Beyond the Best Interests of the Child (1973).

[45].Her first scholarly article, "Children Under the Law", was published in the Harvard Educational Review in late 1973.[46] Discussing the new children's rights movement, it stated that "child citizens" were "powerless individuals"[47] and argued that children should not be considered equally incompetent from birth to attaining legal age, but that rather courts should presume competence except when there is evidence otherwise, on a case-by-case basis.^Her first scholarly article, “Children Under the Law”, was published in the Harvard Educational Review in late 1973.

^Discussing the new children’s rights movement , it stated that “child citizens” were “powerless individuals” [53] and argued that children should not be considered equally incompetent from birth to attaining legal age, but rather courts should presume competence except when there is evidence otherwise, on a case-by-case basis.

Marriage and family, law career and First Lady of Arkansas

From the East Coast to Arkansas

.During her postgraduate study, Rodham served as staff attorney for Edelman's newly founded Children's Defense Fund in Cambridge, Massachusetts,[50] and as a consultant to the Carnegie Council on Children.^While at Yale, she served on the Board of Editors of Yale Law Review and Social Action and interned with children's advocate Marian Wright Edelman.

[52].Under the guidance of Chief Counsel John Doar and senior member Bernard Nussbaum,[35] Rodham helped research procedures of impeachment and the historical grounds and standards for impeachment.^Under the guidance of Chief Counsel John Doar and senior member Bernard Nussbaum , [38] Rodham helped research procedures of impeachment and the historical grounds and standards for impeachment.

[52] The committee's work culminated in the resignation of President Richard Nixon in August 1974.[52]

.By then, Rodham was viewed as someone with a bright political future; Democratic political organizer and consultant Betsey Wright had moved from Texas to Washington the previous year to help guide her career;[53] Wright thought Rodham had the potential to become a future senator or president.^He has been planning his political moves for years.

^By then, Rodham was viewed as someone with a bright political future; Democratic political organizer and consultant Betsey Wright had moved from Texas to Washington the previous year to help guide her career; [60] Wright thought Rodham had the potential to one day become a senator or president.

[54].Meanwhile, Clinton had repeatedly asked her to marry him, and she had continued to demur.^Asked about the timing of her announcement coming out as Hillary Clinton continues to slide in her presidential bid, “I don’t need to hurt Hillary.

[55].However, after failing the District of Columbiabar exam[56] and passing the Arkansas exam, Rodham came to a key decision.^However, helped by her having passed the Arkansas bar exam but having failed the District of Columbia bar exam , [63] Rodham came to a key decision.

.As she later wrote, "I chose to follow my heart instead of my head".[57] She thus followed Bill Clinton to Arkansas, rather than staying in Washington where career prospects were brighter.^As she later wrote, “I chose to follow my heart instead of my head.” [64] She thus followed Bill Clinton to Arkansas, rather than staying in Washington where career prospects were best.

^It's $5 million less than Bill Clinton's advance for My Life , $1 million less than Hillary Clinton got for Living History , and $2 million less than the advance for the memoirs of Tony Friggin' Blair, the British prime minister who answered to...

.Clinton was at the time teaching law and running for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in his home state.^Clinton was at the time teaching law and running for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in his home state.

.In August 1974, she moved to Fayetteville, Arkansas, and became one of only two female faculty members in the School of Law at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville,[58][59] where Bill Clinton also was.^In August 1974, she moved to Fayetteville, Arkansas , and became one of two female faculty members in the School of Law at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville , [65] where Bill Clinton also taught.

.She gave classes in criminal law, where she was considered a rigorous teacher and tough grader, and was the first director of the school's legal aid clinic.^January 11, 2008 11:13 AM: Right, and Hillary claims she has been working for change for 35 years, which includes when she was in law school, on the Walmart Board of Directors in Arkansas, first lady, etc.

[60].She still harbored doubts about marriage, concerned that her separate identity would be lost and that her accomplishments would be viewed in the light of someone else's.^She still harbored doubts about marriage, concerned that her separate identity would be lost and her accomplishments would be viewed in the light of someone else’s accomplishments.

[63] Their wedding took place on October 11, 1975, in a Methodist ceremony in their living room.[64].She announced she was keeping the name Hillary Rodham,[64] to keep their professional lives separate and avoid seeming conflicts of interest and because "it showed that I was still me,"[65] although her decision upset their mothers.^According to Jenny, the decision "came after many unsuccessful efforts at reconciliation, yet I am still dedicated to keeping the process that lies ahead peaceful for our family."

^News, December 31, 2009 ...NEW YORK (Reuters) When Hillary Clinton made a strong showing and Sarah Palin was named to the Republican ticket in the 2008 U.S. presidential race, the election of the first female president seemed not...

[66].Bill Clinton had lost the congressional race in 1974, but in November 1976 was elected Arkansas Attorney General, and so the couple moved to the state capital of Little Rock.^This required the couple to move to the state capital of Little Rock .

^February 13, 2008 Juanita Broaddrick, who now runs a nursing-home business in Arkansas, told the Wall Street Journal that Mr Clinton raped her in the Camelot Hotel in Little Rock in 1978, when he was the state attorney-general.

[67].There, in February 1977, Rodham joined the venerable Rose Law Firm, a bastion of Arkansan political and economic influence.^Rodham joined the venerable Rose Law Firm , a bastion of Arkansan political and economic influence, [71] in February 1977, [72] specializing in patent infringement and intellectual property law, [36] while also working pro bono in child advocacy; [73] she rarely performed litigation work in court.

[68].She specialized in patent infringement and intellectual property law,[33] while also working pro bono in child advocacy;[69] she rarely performed litigation work in court.^Rodham joined the venerable Rose Law Firm , a bastion of Arkansan political and economic influence, [71] in February 1977, [72] specializing in patent infringement and intellectual property law, [36] while also working pro bono in child advocacy; [73] she rarely performed litigation work in court.

.Rodham maintained her interest in children's law and family policy, publishing the scholarly articles "Children's Policies: Abandonment and Neglect" in 1977[71] and "Children's Rights: A Legal Perspective" in 1979.[72] The latter continued her argument that children's legal competence depended upon their age and other circumstances, and that serious medical rights cases, judicial intervention was sometimes warranted.^The latter continued her argument that legal competence of children depended upon their age and other circumstances, and that in cases of serious medical rights judicial intervention is sometimes warranted.

^Rodham maintained her interest in children’s law and family policy, publishing the scholarly articles “Children’s Policies: Abandonment and Neglect” in 1977 [75] and “Children’s Rights: A Legal Perspective” in 1979.

[48] An American Bar Association chair later said, "Her articles were important, not because they were radically new but because they helped formulate something that had been inchoate."[48] Historian Garry Wills would later describe her as "one of the more important scholar-activists of the last two decades",[73] while conservatives said her theories would usurp traditional parental authority,[74] allow children to file frivolous lawsuits against their parents,[48] and argued that her work was legal "crit" theory run amok.[75]

.In 1977, Rodham cofounded the Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families, a state-level alliance with the Children's Defense Fund.^Rodham co-founded the Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families , a state-level alliance with the Children’s Defense Fund, in 1977.

^During her post-graduate study, Rodham served as staff attorney for Edelman’s newly founded Children’s Defense Fund in Cambridge, Massachusetts , [56] and as a consultant to the Carnegie Council on Children.

[33][76].Later that year, President Jimmy Carter (for whom Rodham had been the 1976 campaign director of field operations in Indiana)[77] appointed her to the board of directors of the Legal Services Corporation,[78] and she served in that capacity from 1978 until the end of 1981.[79] From mid-1978 to mid-1980,[nb 3] she served as the chair of that board, the first woman to do so.^The Chair of the Legal Services Corporation from 1980–1981 was F. William McCalpin, according to his law firm biography .

^In late 1977, President Jimmy Carter (for whom Rodham had done 1976 campaign coordination work in Indiana ) [81] appointed her to the board of directors of the Legal Services Corporation , [82] and she served in that capacity from 1978 until the end of 1981.

[80].During her time as chair, funding for the Corporation was expanded from $90 million to $300 million; subsequently she successfully fought President Ronald Reagan's attempts to reduce the funding and change the nature of the organization.^During her time as chair, funding for the Corporation was expanded from $90 million to $300 million, [73] and she successfully battled against President Ronald Reagan ’s initial attempts to reduce the funding and change the nature of the organization.

^Clinton appointed her chair of the Rural Health Advisory Committee the same year, [86] where she successfully obtained federal funds to expand medical facilities in Arkansas’ poorest areas without affecting doctors’ fees.

^Clinton backed an $839,000 federal funding earmark to the development corporation’s programs for at-risk youth; $446,500 for the organization to expand youth after-school programs; and $146,000 for the group’s social service work.

.Following her husband's November 1978 election as Governor of Arkansas, Rodham became First Lady of Arkansas in January 1979, her title for twelve years (1979–1981, 1983–1992).^January 28th, 2010 6:26 pm ET If we see a 1994 in November's elections, I see Hillary responding with a resignation in January 2011.

^Back when she was first lady of Arkansas, Hillary Clinton became the first woman appointed to the Wal-Mart board, and tried to get the company to hire more women managers, but that effort apparently went the way of national health insurance.

.Clinton appointed her chair of the Rural Health Advisory Committee the same year,[81] where she successfully secured federal funds to expand medical facilities in Arkansas's poorest areas without affecting doctors' fees.^Clinton appointed her chair of the Rural Health Advisory Committee the same year, [86] where she successfully obtained federal funds to expand medical facilities in Arkansas’ poorest areas without affecting doctors’ fees.

^Back when she was first lady of Arkansas, Hillary Clinton became the first woman appointed to the Wal-Mart board, and tried to get the company to hire more women managers, but that effort apparently went the way of national health insurance.

^University Of Chicago Hospital Pay Is Fair - LIAR, your wife's pay raise was nearly 150% her already bloated rate and the hospital is a Non-Profit Hospital, which made $100,000,000 in the last 3 years.

[86].The couple also began their ill-fated investment in the Whitewater Development Corporation real estate venture with Jim and Susan McDougal at this time.^The couple also began their ill-fated investment in the Whitewater Development Corporation real estate venture with Jim and Susan McDougal at this time.

^The Clintons had lost their late-1970s investment in the Whitewater Development Corporation ; [156] at the same time, their partners in that investment, Jim and Susan McDougal , operated Madison Guaranty , a savings and loan institution that retained the legal services of Rose Law Firm [156] and may have been improperly subsidizing Whitewater losses.

Later Arkansas years

Governor Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton attend the 1987 Dinner Honoring the Nation's Governors with President Ronald Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan.

Bill Clinton returned to the governor's office two years later by winning the election of 1982. During her husband's campaign, Rodham began to use the name Hillary Clinton, or sometimes "Mrs. Bill Clinton", to assuage the concerns of Arkansas voters;[nb 4] she also took a leave of absence from Rose Law to campaign for him full-time.[87].As First Lady of Arkansas, Hillary Clinton was named chair of the Arkansas Educational Standards Committee in 1983, where she sought to reform the state's court-sanctioned public education system.^(Aug 1999) 1993: Public accepted First Lady as education reformer.

^As First Lady of Arkansas, Hillary Clinton chaired the Arkansas Educational Standards Committee from 1982 to 1992, [94] where she sought to bring about reform in the state’s court-sanctioned public education system.

[88][89].In one of the Clinton governorship's most important initiatives, she fought a prolonged but ultimately successful battle against the Arkansas Education Association, to establish mandatory teacher testing and state standards for curriculum and classroom size.^In one of the most important initiatives of the entire Clinton governorship, [95] she fought a prolonged but ultimately successful battle against the Arkansas Education Association [95] to put mandatory teacher testing as well as state standards for curriculum and classroom size in place.

[81][88].In 1985, she also introduced Arkansas's Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youth, a program that helps parents work with their children in preschool preparedness and literacy.^She chaired the Arkansas Education Standards Committee to improve the testing standards of new teachers, founded the Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families, and introduced Arkansas Home Instruction for Preschool Youth, a program that trained parents of preschool children in preparedness and literacy.

^Ive worked on everything from the National Council of Jewish Womens program to bring a preschool instruction program for children of the US, to speaking out, time and time again, about violence and terrorism.

.She earned less than the other partners, as she billed fewer hours,[93] but still made more than $200,000 in her final year there.^She earned less than all the other partners, due to fewer hours being billed, [99] but still made more than $200,000 in her final year there.

[94].She seldom did trial work,[94] but the firm considered her a "rainmaker" because she brought in clients, partly thanks to the prestige she lent the firm and to her corporate board connections.^She continued to rarely do trial work, [88] but was considered a “rainmaker” at the firm for bringing in clients, partly due to the prestige she lent the firm and to her corporate board connections.

[94].Bill Clinton's Republican opponent in his 1986 gubernatorial reelection campaign accused the Clintons of conflict of interest, because Rose Law did state business; the Clintons deflected the charge by saying that state fees were walled off by the firm before her profits were calculated.^Clinton says she should get the nomination because she won the big states.

^In an interview with CNN before attending a rally here for protestors on behalf of six African-American students in Jena, Louisiana, Mrs. Edwards accused Clinton of "insider cronyism" and trading political access for campaign donations.

.From 1982 to 1988, Clinton was on board of directors, sometimes as chair, of the New World Foundation,[96] which funded a variety of New Leftinterest groups.^State director on Clinton's upset victory in the Massachusetts primary on Feb.5, and assisted in the campaign's efforts in Maine and New Hampshire.

[97].From 1987 to 1991, she chaired the American Bar Association's Commission on Women in the Profession,[98] which addressed gender bias in the law profession and induced the association to adopt measures to combat it.^From 1987 to 1991 she chaired the American Bar Association ’s Commission on Women in the Profession, [101] which addressed gender bias in the law profession and induced the association to adopt measures to combat it.

[98].She was twice named by the National Law Journal as one of the 100 most influential lawyers in America: in 1988 and in 1991.[99] When Bill Clinton thought about not running again for governor in 1990, Hillary considered running herself, but private polls were unfavorable and, in the end, he ran and was reelected for the final time.^Bill Clinton believes he is running for office again..

^When Bill Clinton thought about not running again for governor in 1990, Hillary Clinton considered running herself, but private polls were unfavorable and in the end he ran and was re-elected for the final time.

.Clinton served on the boards of the Arkansas Children's Hospital Legal Services (1988–1992)[101] and the Children's Defense Fund (as chair, 1986–1992).^She chaired the Arkansas Educational Standards Committee, co-founded the Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families, and served on the boards of the Arkansas Children's Hospital, Legal Services, and the Children's Defense Fund.

[1][102].In addition to her positions with nonprofit organizations, she also held positions on the corporate board of directors of TCBY (1985–1992),[103]Wal-Mart Stores (1986–1992)[104] and Lafarge (1990–1992).^Clinton’s firm represented Wal-Mart and TCBY while she sat on their boards, a cozy practice that corporate governance experts frown upon because of the potential for conflicts of interest.

[94][106].Clinton was the first female member on Wal-Mart's board, added following pressure on chairman Sam Walton to name a woman to the board.^Clinton was the first female member on Wal-Mart’s board, added when chairman Sam Walton was pressured to name one; [110] once there, she pushed successfully for the chain to adopt more environmentally-friendly practices, [110] [111] pushed largely unsuccessfully for more women to be added to the company’s management, [110] [111] and was silent about the company’s famously anti- labor union practices.

^News, December 31, 2009 ...NEW YORK (Reuters) When Hillary Clinton made a strong showing and Sarah Palin was named to the Republican ticket in the 2008 U.S. presidential race, the election of the first female president seemed not...

[106].Once there, she pushed successfully for Wal-Mart to adopt more environmentally friendly practices, was largely unsuccessful in a campaign for more women to be added to the company's management, and was silent about the company's famously anti-labor union practices.^(Apr 2008) FactCheck: Pushed Wal-Mart for women managers & environment.

^There were all kinds of peace movements, women’s movements throughout the ‘Troubles.’ But it was more about the clout of Bill Clinton,” added Coogan, who said Clinton administration decisions to grant visas to leaders of the Irish Republican Army’s political wing and appoint a U.S. negotiator were the keys to changing the political climate.

[108] In response, the Clintons appeared together on 60 Minutes, where Bill Clinton denied the affair but acknowledged "causing pain in my marriage."[109] This joint appearance was credited with rescuing his campaign.[110].During the campaign, Hillary Clinton made culturally dismissive remarks about Tammy Wynette and her outlook on marriage,[nb 5] and about women staying home and baking cookies and having teas,[nb 6] that were ill-considered by her own admission.^(Nov 2003) Meant women work conflict with stay home & bake cookies.

[111].Beginning with Daniel Wattenberg's August 1992 The American Spectator article "The Lady Macbeth of Little Rock", Hillary Clinton's own past ideological and ethical record came under conservative attack.^Beginning with Daniel Wattenberg ’s August 1992 The American Spectator article “The Lady Macbeth of Little Rock”, Hillary Clinton’s own past ideological and ethical record came under conservative attack.

[74].At least twenty other articles in major publications also drew some kind of comparison between her and Lady Macbeth.^It had no reporters hanging around nor the usual political crowd that frequent the kind of public places where I had normally met other political figures in the past.

First Lady of the United States

Role as First Lady

.When Bill Clinton took office as president in January 1993, Hillary Rodham Clinton became the First Lady of the United States, and announced that she would be using that form of her name.^Bill Clinton believes he is running for office again..

[113].She was the first First Lady to hold a postgraduate degree[114] and to have her own professional career up to the time of entering the White House.^She was the first First Lady to hold a post-graduate degree [120] and to have her own professional career up to the time of entering the White House.

^As First Lady, Clinton hosted numerous White House Conferences, including ones on Child Care (1997), [144] Early Childhood Development and Learning (1997), [145] and Children and Adolescents (2000), [146] and the first-ever White House Conferences on Teenagers (2000) [147] and Philanthropy (1999).

[114].She was also the first to have an office in the West Wing of the White House in addition to the usual First Lady offices in the East Wing.^She was also the first to take up an office in the West Wing of the White House: [51] the First Lady usually stays in the East Wing .

[45][115].She was part of the innermost circle vetting appointments to the new administration, and her choices filled at least eleven top-level positions and dozens more lower-level ones.^One is a broader question and the other is a little more parochial relative to New Hampshire.

[116].She is regarded as the most openly empowered presidential wife in American history, save for Eleanor Roosevelt.^She is regarded as the most openly empowered presidential wife in American history, save for Eleanor Roosevelt .

.Some critics called it inappropriate for the First Lady to play a central role in matters of public policy.^The so-called "red-phone ad" played a big role in Clinton's win in Texas, suggesting Barack Obama is too inexperienced to handle a national crisis.

.Supporters pointed out that Clinton's role in policy was no different from that of other White House advisors and that voters were well aware that she would play an active role in her husband's presidency.^Her husband has absoluetly no chance of winning the White House.

^Supporters pointed out that Clinton’s role in policy was no different from that of other White House advisors and that voters were well aware that she would play an active role in her husband’s Presidency.

[119].Bill Clinton's campaign promise of "two for the price of one" led opponents to refer derisively to the Clintons as "co-presidents",[120] or sometimes the Arkansas label "Billary".[81][121] The pressures of conflicting ideas about the role of a First Lady were enough to send Clinton into "imaginary discussions" with the also-politically-active Eleanor Roosevelt.^The pressures of conflicting ideas about the role of a First Lady were enough to send Clinton into “imaginary discussions” with the also-politically-active Eleanor Roosevelt; [126] from the time she came to Washington, she also found refuge in a prayer group of The Fellowship that featured many wives of conservative Washington figures.

[nb .7] from the time she came to Washington, she also found refuge in a prayer group of The Fellowship that featured many wives of conservative Washington figures.^The pressures of conflicting ideas about the role of a First Lady were enough to send Clinton into “imaginary discussions” with the also-politically-active Eleanor Roosevelt; [126] from the time she came to Washington, she also found refuge in a prayer group of The Fellowship that featured many wives of conservative Washington figures.

[122][123] Triggered in part by the death of her father in April 1993, she publicly sought to find a synthesis of Methodist teachings, liberal religious political philosophy, and Tikkun editor Michael Lerner's "politics of meaning" to overcome what she saw as America's "sleeping sickness of the soul" and that would lead to a willingness "to remold society by redefining what it means to be a human being in the twentieth century, moving into a new millennium."[124][125] Other segments of the public focused on her appearance, which had evolved over time from inattention to fashion during her days in Arkansas,[126] to a popular site in the early days of the World Wide Web devoted to showing her many different, and much analyzed, hairstyles as First Lady,[127][128] to an appearance on the cover of Vogue magazine in 1998.[129]

Health care and other policy initiatives

.In January 1993, Bill Clinton appointed Hillary Clinton to head and be the chairwoman of the Task Force on National Health Care Reform, hoping to replicate the success she had in leading the effort for Arkansas education reform.^Some served in Congress when the Clintons dismissed their advice on health care reform in 1993.

^In 1993, Bill Clinton appointed Hillary Clinton to head and be the chairwoman of the Task Force on National Health Care Reform, hoping to replicate the success she had in leading the effort for Arkansas education reform.

[131].She privately urged that passage of health care reform be given higher priority than the NAFTA (which she was also unenthusiastic about the merits of).^Substantively, how much time will be given over to yet more soporific bickering on health care mandates?

[132][133].The recommendation of the task force became known as the Clinton health care plan, a comprehensive proposal that would require employers to provide health coverage to their employees through individual health maintenance organizations.^Hillary’s health care plan isn’t paying for her own employees .

^The recommendation of the task force became known as the Clinton health care plan , a comprehensive proposal that would require employers to provide health coverage to their employees through individual health maintenance organizations.

Its opponents quickly derided the plan as "Hillarycare"; some protesters against it became vitriolic, and during a July 1994 bus tour to rally support for the plan, she was forced to wear a bulletproof vest at times.[134][135].The plan did not receive enough support for a floor vote in either the House or the Senate, although Democrats controlled both chambers, and the proposal was abandoned in September 1994.[134] Clinton later acknowledged in her book, Living History, that her political inexperience partly contributed to the defeat, but mentioned that many other factors were also responsible.^Clinton later acknowledged in her book, Living History , that her political inexperience partly contributed to the defeat, but mentioned that many other factors were also responsible.

.The First Lady's approval ratings, which had generally been in the high-50s percent range during her first year, fell to 44 percent in April 1994 and 35 percent by September 1994.[136] Republicans made the Clinton health care plan a major campaign issue of the 1994 midterm elections,[137] which saw a net Republican gain of fifty-three seats in the House election and seven in the Senate election, winning control of both; many analysts and pollsters found the plan to be a major factor in the Democrats' defeat, especially among independent voters.^It was a terrible compromise after he mistakenly made gays in the military his first issue after winning the election.

^The President and his wife will also hold a reception for the honorees at the White House the day before the Gala in addition to Hillary Clinton having a dinner for the guests of honor at the State Department.

[139].Opponents of universal health care would continue to use "Hillarycare" as a pejorative label for similar plans by others.^Opponents of universal health care would continue to use “Hillarycare” as a pejorative label for similar plans by others.

.Along with Senators Ted Kennedy and Orrin Hatch, she was a force behind passage of the State Children's Health Insurance Program in 1997, a federal effort that provided state support for children whose parents could not provide them with health coverage, and conducted outreach efforts on behalf of enrolling children in the program once it became law.^Along with Senator Ted Kennedy , she was the major force behind the State Children’s Health Insurance Program in 1997, a federal effort that provided state support for children whose parents were unable to provide them with health coverage.

^She has further claimed that the Hindenburg-like outcome of her health care initiative spurred her to create the State Children's Health Insurance Program --- a magnificent achievement (if you're into government sponsored healthcare, anyway) undermined only by the fact that Orrin Hatch and Ted Kennedy created SCHIP while the Clinton administration opposed it.

[45].The First Lady worked to investigate reports of an illness that affected veterans of the Gulf War, which became known as the Gulf War syndrome.^The First Lady worked to investigate reports of an illness that affected veterans of the Gulf War , which became known as the Gulf War syndrome .

^During her eight years as first lady, Rodham Clinton also initiated the Children’s Health Insurance Program in 1997, increased research funding for prostate cancer and childhood asthma to the National Institute of Health, as well as assisted in determining the cause of a mysterious illness affecting veterans of the Gulf War.

^Her aides said Clinton deeply respected Spitzer’s work during his two terms as state attorney general, during which he became a national crusader against corporate corruption and Wall Street investment excesses.

[45].In 1997, she initiated and shepherded the Adoption and Safe Families Act, which she regarded as her greatest accomplishment as First Lady.^In 1997, she initiated and shepherded the Adoption and Safe Families Act , which she regarded as her greatest accomplishment as First Lady.

^During her eight years as first lady, Rodham Clinton also initiated the Children’s Health Insurance Program in 1997, increased research funding for prostate cancer and childhood asthma to the National Institute of Health, as well as assisted in determining the cause of a mysterious illness affecting veterans of the Gulf War.

[146].She also hosted the first-ever White House Conference on Teenagers (2000)[147] and the first-ever White House Conference on Philanthropy (1999).^White House Conference on Children and Adolescents ( 2000 - 04-26 ).

^As First Lady, Clinton hosted numerous White House Conferences, including ones on Child Care (1997), [144] Early Childhood Development and Learning (1997), [145] and Children and Adolescents (2000), [146] and the first-ever White House Conferences on Teenagers (2000) [147] and Philanthropy (1999).

.Clinton traveled to 79 countries during this time,[149] breaking the mark for most-traveled First Lady held by Pat Nixon.^Hillary Clinton traveled to 79 countries during this time, [149] breaking the mark for most-travelled First Lady held by Pat Nixon .

^Posted July 20, 2009 FNC's Greta Van Susteren and her husband John P. Coale had a trip to the Hamptons cut short when Van Susteren jetted off to India Friday morning to interview Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

[152].Clinton was troubled by the plight of women she encountered, but found a warm response from the people of the countries she visited and a gained better relationship with the American press corps.^She does not represent the majority of American citizens, there are a lot of good, wholesome people in this country.

[152][153] The trip was a transformative experience for her and presaged her eventual career in diplomacy.[154].In a September 1995 speech before the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, Clinton argued very forcefully against practices that abused women around the world and in the People's Republic of China itself,[155] declaring "that it is no longer acceptable to discuss women's rights as separate from human rights"[155] and resisting Chinese pressure to soften her remarks.^And she travelled the world as an advocate of women’s rights?

[149].She was one of the most prominent international figures during the late 1990s to speak out against the treatment of Afghan women by the Islamist fundamentalistTaliban.^She was one of the most prominent international figures at the time to speak out against the treatment of Afghan women by the Islamist fundamentalist Taliban that had seized control of Afghanistan .

[156][157].She helped create Vital Voices, an international initiative sponsored by the United States to promote the participation of women in the political processes of their countries.^The United States is participating in that discussion.

[158].It and Clinton's own visits encouraged women to make themselves heard in the Northern Ireland peace process.^What she found was that Mrs. Clinton received a teapot on her visit to Northern Ireland.

Whitewater and other investigations

.The Whitewater controversy was the focus of media attention from the publication of a New York Times report during the 1992 presidential campaign,[160] and throughout her time as First Lady.^First presidential campaign worked on was Sen.

^Hillary has spent more time under the national political spotlight than almost anyone, first as first lady, then in her race for the New York Senate seat, her subsequent eight years at Senate, and then her historic victories in her campaign for the democratic presidential nomination, and now, finally, as President-elect Obama's choice for secretary of state.

.The Clintons had lost their late-1970s investment in the Whitewater Development Corporation;[161] at the same time, their partners in that investment, Jim and Susan McDougal, operated Madison Guaranty, a savings and loan institution that retained the legal services of Rose Law Firm[161] and may have been improperly subsidizing Whitewater losses.^The Clintons had lost their late-1970s investment in the Whitewater Development Corporation ; [156] at the same time, their partners in that investment, Jim and Susan McDougal , operated Madison Guaranty , a savings and loan institution that retained the legal services of Rose Law Firm [156] and may have been improperly subsidizing Whitewater losses.

[160].Madison Guaranty later failed, and Clinton's work at Rose was scrutinized for a possible conflict of interest in representing the bank before state regulators that her husband had appointed;[160] she claimed she had done minimal work for the bank.^Clinton’s firm represented Wal-Mart and TCBY while she sat on their boards, a cozy practice that corporate governance experts frown upon because of the potential for conflicts of interest.

^CLINTON: I am very proud to be the president-elect's nominee for secretary of state, and I am very proud of what my husband and the Clinton Foundation and the associated efforts he's undertaken have accomplished, as well.

[162].Independent counselsRobert Fiske and Kenneth Starr subpoenaed Clinton's legal billing records; she said she did not know where they were.^Independent counsels Robert Fiske and Kenneth Starr subpoenaed Clinton’s legal billing records; [158] she claimed to be unable to produce these records.

[163][164].The records were found in the First Lady's White House book room after a two-year search, and delivered to investigators in early 1996.[164] The delayed appearance of the records sparked intense interest and another investigation about how they surfaced and where they had been;[164] Clinton's staff attributed the problem to continual changes in White House storage areas since the move from the Arkansas Governor's Mansion.^He is the change needed in the White House and in the world.

^The delayed appearance of the records sparked intense interest and another investigation about how they surfaced and where they had been; [159] Clinton attributed the problem to disorganization that resulted from their move from the Arkansas Governor’s Mansion and the effects of a White House renovation.

[165].After the discovery of the records, on January 26, 1996, Clinton made history by becoming the first First Lady to be subpoenaed to testify before a Federal grand jury.^She became the only First Lady to be subpoenaed , testifying before a federal grand jury as a consequence of the Whitewater controversy in 1996.

[163].After several Independent Counsels investigated, a final report was issued in 2000 that stated there was insufficient evidence that either Clinton had engaged in criminal wrongdoing.^After several Independent Counsels investigated, a final report was issued in 2000 which stated that there was insufficient evidence that either Clinton had engaged in criminal wrongdoing.

^The 2000 final Independent Counsel report found that there was substantial evidence that she was involved in the firings and that she had made “factually false” statements, but that there was insufficient evidence to prosecute her.

^After the evidence of President Clinton’s encounters with Lewinsky became incontrovertible and he admitted to her his unfaithful behavior, she issued a public statement reaffirming her commitment to their marriage, [179] but privately was reported to be furious at him [180] and was unsure if she wanted to stay in the marriage.

.Scrutiny of the May 1993 firings of the White House Travel Office employees, an affair that became known as "Travelgate", began with charges that the White House had used audited financial irregularities in the Travel Office operation as an excuse to replace the staff with friends from Arkansas.^(Nov 2003) Replaced entire staff of White House Travel Office.

^FBI agent Gary Aldrich says that Hillary on Inauguration Day, 1993 was in an uncontrolled and unbridled fury, yelling and screaming profanities, because she was not allowed to have Vice President Al Gore’s office in the White House.

[167].The 1996 discovery of a two-year-old White House memo caused the investigation to focus more on whether Hillary Clinton had orchestrated the firings and whether the statements she made to investigators regarding her role in the firings were true.^Hillary = McCain's road to the White House.

[168][169].The 2000 final Independent Counsel report concluded she was involved in the firings and that she had made "factually false" statements, but that there was insufficient evidence that she knew the statements were false, or knew that her actions would lead to firings, to prosecute her.^After several Independent Counsels investigated, a final report was issued in 2000 which stated that there was insufficient evidence that either Clinton had engaged in criminal wrongdoing.

^The 2000 final Independent Counsel report found that there was substantial evidence that she was involved in the firings and that she had made “factually false” statements, but that there was insufficient evidence to prosecute her.

[170].Following deputy White House counsel Vince Foster's July 1993 suicide, allegations were made that Hillary Clinton had ordered the removal of potentially damaging files (related to Whitewater or other matters) from Foster's office on the night of his death.^Thanks also for removing the White House silverware.

^Investigators believe that damning records from the Rose Law Firm, wrongfully kept in Vincent Foster’s White House office, were spirited out in the dead of night and hidden from the law for two years — in Hillary’s closet, in Web Hubbell’s basement before his felony conviction, in the President’s secretary’s personal files — before some were forced out last week.

[171].Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr investigated this, and by 1999, Starr was reported to be holding the investigation open, despite his staff having told him there was no case to be made.^Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr investigated this, and by 1999 Starr was reported to be holding the investigation open, despite his staff having told him there was no case to be made.

^Hillary then prepares a brief for filing with a federal judge which falsely states that there is no precedent for an official being investigated by the committee to have legal representation during that investigation.

[166].In March 1994 newspaper reports revealed her spectacular profits from cattle futures trading in 1978–1979;[173] allegations were made in the press of conflict of interest and disguised bribery,[174] and several individuals analyzed her trading records, but no official investigation was made and she was never charged with any wrongdoing.^Hillary then prepares a brief for filing with a federal judge which falsely states that there is no precedent for an official being investigated by the committee to have legal representation during that investigation.

^The conclusion was that, like many investors at the time, I’d been fortunate.” The brokers who arranged Hillary’s cattle futures trades were prosecuted for conducting the same exact sort of trades as the ones Hillary claims involved no illegal activity.

[174].An outgrowth of the Travelgate investigation was the June 1996 discovery of improper White House access to hundreds of FBI background reports on former Republican White House employees, an affair that some called "Filegate".[175] Accusations were made that Hillary Clinton had requested these files and that she had recommended hiring an unqualified individual to head the White House Security Office.^An outgrowth of the Travelgate investigation was the June 1996 discovery of improper White House access to hundreds of FBI background reports on former Republican White House employees, an affair that some called “ Filegate “; [173] accusations were made that Hillary Clinton had requested these files and that she had recommended hiring an unqualified individual to head the White House Security Office.

^Following deputy White House counsel Vince Foster ’s July 1993 suicide, allegations were made that Hillary Clinton had ordered the removal of potentially damaging files (related to Whitewater or other matters) from Foster’s office on the night of his death.

[176].The 2000 final Independent Counsel report found no substantial or credible evidence that Hillary Clinton had any role or showed any misconduct in the matter.^The 2000 final Independent Counsel report found no substantial or credible evidence that Hillary Clinton had any role or showed any misconduct in the matter.

^The 2000 final Independent Counsel report found that there was substantial evidence that she was involved in the firings and that she had made “factually false” statements, but that there was insufficient evidence to prosecute her.

Lewinsky scandal

.In 1998, the Clintons' relationship became the subject of much speculation when investigations revealed that the President had had extramarital sexual activities with White House intern Monica Lewinsky.^In 1998, the Clintons’ relationship became the subject of much speculation and gossip when it was revealed that the President had had extramarital sexual activities with White House intern Monica Lewinsky .

^After the evidence of President Clinton’s encounters with Lewinsky became incontrovertible and he admitted to her his unfaithful behavior, she issued a public statement reaffirming her commitment to their marriage, [179] but privately was reported to be furious at him [180] and was unsure if she wanted to stay in the marriage.

[177].Events surrounding the Lewinsky scandal eventually led to the impeachment of Bill Clinton.^Her attendance was news to us, and this was never billed to us as a partisan political event,” a spokesman for Mrs. Clinton, Philippe Reines, said on Wednesday.

.When the allegations against her husband were first made public, Hillary Clinton stated that they were the result of a "vast right-wing conspiracy",[178] characterizing the Lewinsky charges as the latest in a long, organized, collaborative series of charges by Clinton political enemies[nb 8] rather than any wrongdoing by her husband.^When the allegations against her husband were first made public, Hillary Clinton stated that they were the result of a “ vast right-wing conspiracy “, [176] characterizing the Lewinsky charges as the latest in a long, organized, collaborative series of charges by Clinton political enemies, [177] rather than any wrongdoing by her husband.

.She later said that she had been misled by her husband's initial claims that no affair had taken place.^She later said that she had been misled by her husband’s initial claims that no affair had taken place.

[179].After the evidence of President Clinton's encounters with Lewinsky became incontrovertible, she issued a public statement reaffirming her commitment to their marriage,[180] but privately was reported to be furious at him[181] and was unsure if she wanted to stay in the marriage.^You Clinton people check it out, you might just want to stay home come Nov.

.There was a mix of public reactions to Hillary Clinton after this: some women admired her strength and poise in private matters made public, some sympathized with her as a victim of her husband's insensitive behavior, others criticized her as being an enabler to her husband's indiscretions, while still others accused her of cynically staying in a failed marriage as a way of keeping or even fostering her own political influence.^Hillary: Stand by some other man .

[183].Her public approval ratings in the wake of the revelations shot upward to around 70 percent, the highest they had ever been.^Overall, her public approval ratings in the wake of the revelations shot upward to 71 percent, [183] the highest they had ever been.

^Nowhere was this paradox more evident than when Clinton achieved her highest approval ratings as First Lady late in 1998, not for any professional or political achievement of her own but for being seen as the victim of her husband’s very public infidelity.

[183].In her 2003 memoir, she would attribute her decision to stay married to "a love that has persisted for decades" and add: "No one understands me better and no one can make me laugh the way Bill does.^How would you propose to make his/her life better?

.Even after all these years, he is still the most interesting, energizing and fully alive person I have ever met."^Even after all these years, he is still the most interesting, energizing and fully alive person I have ever met.” [186] .

Traditional duties

.Clinton initiated and was Founding Chair of the Save America's Treasures program, a national effort that matched federal funds to private donations to preserve and restore historic items and sites,[185] including the flag that inspired "The Star-Spangled Banner" and the First Ladies Historic Site in Canton, Ohio.^Clinton initiated and was Founding Chair of the Save America’s Treasures program, a national effort that matched federal funds to private donations for the purpose of preserving and restoring historic items and sites, [187] including the flag that inspired the Star Spangled Banner and the First Ladies Historic Site in Canton, Ohio .

^Clinton appointed her chair of the Rural Health Advisory Committee the same year, [86] where she successfully obtained federal funds to expand medical facilities in Arkansas’ poorest areas without affecting doctors’ fees.

[45].She was head of the White House Millennium Council,[186] and hosted Millennium Evenings,[187] a series of lectures that discussed futures studies, one of which became the first live simultaneous webcast from the White House.^She was head of the White House Millennium Council , [188] and initiated the Millennium Project with monthly lectures that discuss futures studies , one of which became the first live simultaneous webcast from the White House.

^As First Lady, Clinton hosted numerous White House Conferences, including ones on Child Care (1997), [144] Early Childhood Development and Learning (1997), [145] and Children and Adolescents (2000), [146] and the first-ever White House Conferences on Teenagers (2000) [147] and Philanthropy (1999).

[45].Clinton also created the first Sculpture Garden there, which displayed large contemporary American works of art loaned from museums in the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden.^Hillary Clinton has been working to improve healh care since Bill was first elected.

.In the White House, Clinton placed donated handicrafts of contemporary American artisans, such as pottery and glassware, on rotating display in the state rooms.^In the White House, Clinton placed donated handicrafts of contemporary American artisans, such as pottery and glassware, on rotating display in the state rooms .

^Clinton hosted many large-scale events at the White House, such as a St. Patrick’s Day reception, a state dinner for visiting Chinese dignitaries, a contemporary music concert that raised funds for music education in public schools, a New Year’s Eve celebration at the turn of the twenty-first century, and a state dinner honoring the bicentennial of the White House in November of 2000.

[45].She oversaw the restoration of the Blue Room to be historically authentic to the period of James Monroe,[189] the redecoration of the Treaty Room into the presidential study along nineteenth century lines,[190] and the redecoration of the Map Room to how it looked during World War II.^She oversaw the restoration of the Blue Room to be historically authentic to the period of James Monroe , [190] the redecoration of the Treaty Room into the presidential study along nineteenth century lines, [191] and the redecoration of the Map Room to how it looked during World War II .

[190] Clinton hosted many large-scale events at the White House, such as a St. Patrick's Day reception, a state dinner for visiting Chinese dignitaries, a contemporary music concert that raised funds for music education in public schools, a New Year's Eve celebration at the turn of the twenty-first century, and a state dinner honoring the bicentennial of the White House in November 2000.[45]

[191].When she decided to run, Clinton and her husband purchased a home in Chappaqua, New York, north of New York City in September 1999.[192] She became the first First Lady of the United States to be a candidate for elected office.^Practiced law in New York City.

^News, December 31, 2009 ...NEW YORK (Reuters) When Hillary Clinton made a strong showing and Sarah Palin was named to the Republican ticket in the 2008 U.S. presidential race, the election of the first female president seemed not...

.However, Giuliani withdrew from the race in May 2000 after being diagnosed with prostate cancer and having developments in his personal life become very public, and Clinton instead faced Rick Lazio, a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives representing New York's 2nd congressional district.^However, Giuliani withdrew from the race in May 2000 after being diagnosed with prostate cancer and having developments in his personal life become very public, and Clinton instead faced Rick Lazio , a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives representing New York’s 2nd congressional district .

^Upon entering the United States Senate, Clinton maintained a low public profile, built relationships with senators from both parties [121] [203] [204] [205] and forged alliances with religiously-inclined senators by becoming a regular participant in the Senate Prayer Breakfast .

.Throughout the campaign, opponents accused Clinton of carpetbagging, as she had never resided in New York nor participated in the state's politics before this race.^Deputy political director for the New York State Democratic Committee.

^In an interview with CNN before attending a rally here for protestors on behalf of six African-American students in Jena, Louisiana, Mrs. Edwards accused Clinton of "insider cronyism" and trading political access for campaign donations.

.Clinton began her campaign by visiting every county in the state, in a "listening tour" of small-group settings.^Hillary Clinton , as Secretary of State, did make a pledge on the campaign trail that she was going to endorse legislation to ban Blackwater’s...

[194].During the campaign, she devoted considerable time in traditionally Republican Upstate New York regions.^During the campaign, she devoted considerable time in traditionally Republican Upstate New York regions.

^During that crucial contest between Obama, at the time an Illinois senator, and rival Hillary Clinton , then a New York senator, there was much political posturing over the North American Free Trade Agreement, which is blamed for job...

[195].Clinton vowed to improve the economic situation in those areas, promising to deliver 200,000 jobs to the state over her term.^Clinton vowed to improve the economic situation in those areas, promising to deliver 200,000 jobs to the state over her term.

.Her plan included specific tax credits to reward job creation and encourage business investment, especially in the high-tech sector.^Her plan included specific tax credits to reward job creation and encourage business investment, especially in the high-tech sector.

.Lazio blundered during a September debate by seeming to invade Clinton's personal space trying to get her to sign a fundraising agreement.^Obama admits he neglected his senate responsibilities during the Ohio debate and then thinks we should trust him instead of Clinton in event of a crisis?

[196].The campaigns of Clinton and Lazio, along with Giuliani's initial effort, spent a record combined $90 million.^By the date of the election, the campaigns of Clinton and Lazio, along with Giuliani’s initial effort, had spent a record combined $90 million.

[197].Clinton won the election on November 7, 2000, with 55 percent of the vote to Lazio's 43 percent.^Clinton won the election on November 7 , 2000 , with 55 percent of the vote to Lazio’s 43 percent.

.Upon entering the Senate, Clinton maintained a low public profile and built relationships with senators from both parties.^Upon entering the United States Senate, Clinton maintained a low public profile, built relationships with senators from both parties [121] [203] [204] [205] and forged alliances with religiously-inclined senators by becoming a regular participant in the Senate Prayer Breakfast .

[198].She forged alliances with religiously inclined senators by becoming a regular participant in the Senate Prayer Breakfast.^Upon entering the United States Senate, Clinton maintained a low public profile, built relationships with senators from both parties [121] [203] [204] [205] and forged alliances with religiously-inclined senators by becoming a regular participant in the Senate Prayer Breakfast .

^Clinton has served on five Senate committees: Committee on Budget (2001–2002), [207] Committee on Armed Services (since 2003), [208] Committee on Environment and Public Works (since 2001), [207] Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (since 2001) [207] and Special Committee on Aging .

^And, as you know, it was established as the U.S. arm to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, created in 1975 with President Ford, as a way to engage Europe on security issues, on economic issues, and on human rights.

.Working with New York's senior senator, Charles Schumer, she was instrumental in quickly securing $21 billion in funding for the World Trade Center site's redevelopment.^Working with New York’s senior senator, Charles Schumer , she was instrumental in quickly securing $21 billion in funding for the World Trade Center site’s redevelopment.

^During that crucial contest between Obama, at the time an Illinois senator, and rival Hillary Clinton , then a New York senator, there was much political posturing over the North American Free Trade Agreement, which is blamed for job...

^Two senior Clinton advisers, speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss the race candidly, said the campaign feels the New York senator needs to quickly change the dynamic by forcing Obama into a poor debate performance, going negative or encouraging the media to attack Obama.

[206].Clinton voted for the USA Patriot Act in October 2001. In 2005, when the act was up for renewal, she worked to address some of the civil liberties concerns with it,[207] before voting in favor of a compromise renewed act in March 2006 that gained large majority support.^Clinton voted for the USA Patriot Act in October 2001.

^In 2005, when the act was up for renewal, she worked to address some of the civil liberties concerns with it, [216] before voting in favor of a compromise renewed act in March 2006 that gained large majority support.

.Clinton strongly supported the 2001 U.S. military action in Afghanistan, saying it was a chance to combat terrorism while improving the lives of Afghan women who suffered under the Taliban government.^Clinton supporters say that is just coincidental.

^Clinton strongly supported the 2001 U.S. military action in Afghanistan , saying it was a chance to combat terrorism while improving the lives of Afghan women who suffered under the Taliban government.

^That's if there are to be more troops from the United States, there also needs to be more support for that mission from NATO. There needs to be more work done by the government of Afghanistan and the people.

.On a visit to Iraq in February 2005, Clinton noted that the insurgency had failed to disrupt the democratic elections held earlier, and that parts of the country were functioning well.^On a visit to Iraq in February 2005, Clinton noted that the insurgency had failed to disrupt the democratic elections held earlier, and that parts of the country were functioning well.

[210].Noting that war deployments were draining regular and reserve forces, she cointroduced legislation to increase the size of the regular United States Army by 80,000 soldiers to ease the strain.^Noting that war deployments were draining regular and reserve forces, she co-introduced legislation to increase the size of the regular United States Army by 80,000 soldiers to ease the strain.

[211].In late 2005, Clinton said that while immediate withdrawal from Iraq would be a mistake, Bush's pledge to stay "until the job is done" was also misguided, as it gave Iraqis "an open-ended invitation not to take care of themselves."^Hillary Clinton says immediate withdrawal from Iraq would be ‘a big mistake’ “, Associated Press , 2005 - 11-21 .

^In late 2005, Clinton said that while immediate withdrawal from Iraq would be a mistake, Bush’s pledge to stay “until the job is done” was also misguided, as it gave Iraqis “an open-ended invitation not to take care of themselves.” She criticized the administration for making poor decisions in the war, but said it was more important to solve the problems in Iraq.

[212].Her stance caused frustration among those in the Democratic Party who favored immediate withdrawal.^Her stance caused frustration among those in the Democratic party who favored immediate withdrawal.

[213].Clinton supported retaining and improving health benefits for veterans, and lobbied against the closure of several military bases.^Clinton supported retaining and improving health benefits for veterans, and lobbied against the closure of several military bases.

^Senator Clinton voted against the tax cuts introduced by President Bush, including the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 and the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 , saying it was fiscally irresponsible to reopen the budget deficit.

^Clinton has served on five Senate committees: Committee on Budget (2001–2002), [207] Committee on Armed Services (since 2003), [208] Committee on Environment and Public Works (since 2001), [207] Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (since 2001) [207] and Special Committee on Aging .

.In 2005, Clinton called for the Federal Trade Commission to investigate how hidden sex scenes showed up in the controversial video gameGrand Theft Auto: San Andreas.^In 2005, Clinton called for the Federal Trade Commission to investigate how hidden sex scenes showed up in the controversial video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas .

^The bill would also require an annual, independent analysis of game ratings and require the FTC to conduct an investigation to determine whether hidden sexual content like what was in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas is a pervasive problem and to take appropriate action...

.The early frontrunner for the Republican nomination, Westchester CountyDistrict AttorneyJeanine Pirro, withdrew from the contest after several months of poor campaign performance.^The early frontrunner for the Republican nomination, Westchester County District Attorney Jeanine Pirro , withdrew from the contest after several months of poor campaign performance.

^Clinton is the first woman in U.S. history to win a presidential party primary, and as the 2008 race takes place, she is in a contest with Senator Barack Obama for the nomination of the Democratic Party.

[223].Clinton's eventual opponents in the general election were Republican candidate John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, along with several third-party candidates.^Clinton’s eventual opponents in the general election were Republican candidate John Spencer , a former mayor of Yonkers , along with several third-party candidates.

.She won the election on November 7, 2006, with 67 percent of the vote to Spencer's 31 percent,[224] carrying all but four of New York's sixty-two counties.^Clinton won the election on November 7 , 2000 , with 55 percent of the vote to Lazio’s 43 percent.

[225].Clinton spent $36 million for her reelection, more than any other candidate for Senate in the 2006 elections did.^Clinton spent $36 million towards her reelection, more than any other candidate for Senate in the 2006 elections.

.Some Democrats criticized her for spending too much in a one-sided contest, while some supporters were concerned she did not leave more funds for a potential presidential bid in 2008.[226] In the following months, she transferred $10 million of her Senate funds toward her presidential campaign.^In the following months she transferred $10 million of her Senate funds towards her now-official presidential campaign.

^"Though Obama has returned thousands of dollars in campaign contributions from registered federal lobbyists since he declared his candidacy in February, his presidential campaign has maintained ties with lobbyists and lobbying firms to help raise some of the $58.9 million he collected through the first six months of 2007.

[228].In March 2007, she voted in favor of a war-spending bill that required President Bush to begin withdrawing troops from Iraq within a certain deadline; it passed almost completely along party lines[229] but was subsequently vetoed by President Bush.^(Jun 2007) Iraq War .

.In May 2007, a compromise war funding bill that removed withdrawal deadlines but tied funding to progress benchmarks for the Iraqi government passed the Senate by a vote of 80-14 and would be signed by Bush; Clinton was one of those who voted against it.^Who's to say how he would've voted if he had been sitting in the senate?

.In March 2007, in response to the dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy, Clinton called on Attorney General Alberto Gonzales to resign.^In March 2007, in response to the dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy , Clinton called on Attorney General Alberto Gonzales to resign, [242] and launched an Internet campaign to gain petition signatures towards this end.

^Clinton responded to General David Petraeus ’s September 2007 Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq by saying, “I think that the reports that you provide to us really require a willing suspension of disbelief.” [240] In September 2007 she voted in favor of a Senate resolution calling on the State Department to label the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps “a foreign terrorist organization”, which passed 76-22.

Presidential campaign of 2008

Clinton had been preparing for a potential candidacy for United States President since at least early 2003.[235] On January 20, 2007, Clinton announced via her web site the formation of a presidential exploratory committee for the United States presidential election of 2008; she stated, "I'm in, and I'm in to win."[236] No woman has ever been nominated by a major party for President of the United States. .In April 2007, the Clintons liquidated a blind trust, that had been established when Bill Clinton became president in 1993, to avoid the possibility of ethical conflicts or political embarrassments in the trust as Hillary Clinton undertook her presidential race.^Hillary Clinton, Favorable/Unfavorable, 1993-2007 .

[237].Later disclosure statements revealed that the couple's worth was now upwards of $50 million,[237] and that they had earned over $100 million since 2000, with most of it coming from Bill Clinton's books, speaking engagements, and other activities.^In April 2007, the Clintons liquidated a blind trust that had been established when Bill became president in 1993, in order to avoid the possibility of ethical conflicts or political embarrassments in the trust as Hillary Clinton undertook her presidential race; [256] [257] later disclosure statements revealed that the couple’s worth was now upwards of $50 million.

^The bulk of their wealth has come from speaking and book-writing, which together account for almost $92 million, including a $15 million advance — larger than previously thought — from Mr. Clinton’s 2004 autobiography, “My Life.” The former president’s vigorous lecture schedule, where his speeches command upwards of $250,000, brought in almost $52 million.

[240].By September 2007, polling in the first six states holding Democratic primaries or caucuses showed that Clinton was leading in all of them, with the races being closest in Iowa and South Carolina.^South Carolina primary.

^By September 2007, opinion polling in the first six states holding Democratic primaries or caucuses showed that Clinton was leading in all of them, with the races being closest in Iowa and South Carolina .

^Clinton set records for early fundraising, [236] which Obama then topped in the following months [252] before Clinton later regained the money lead; [253] [ dead link ] but Clinton generally maintained her lead in the polls.

[241].At the end of October, Clinton suffered a rare poor debate performance against Obama, Edwards, and her other opponents.^I have not yet decide if I'm supporting Clinton or Obama but I've now ruled out Edwards.

^Two senior Clinton advisers, speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss the race candidly, said the campaign feels the New York senator needs to quickly change the dynamic by forcing Obama into a poor debate performance, going negative or encouraging the media to attack Obama.

[242][243][244].Obama's overall message of "change" began to resonate with the Democratic electorate better than Clinton's message of "experience".[245] The race tightened considerably, especially in the early caucus and primary states of Iowa, New Hampshire, and South Carolina, with Clinton losing her lead in some polls by December.^Democrats will unite after the primaries and rally around Obama, the sooner the better.

.In the first vote of 2008, she placed third in the January 3 Iowa Democratic caucus to Obama and Edwards.^In the first vote of 2008, she placed third with 29.45 percent of the state delegate selections in the January 3 , 2008 Iowa Democratic caucus to Obama’s 37.58 percent and Edwards’ 29.75 percent.

[247].Obama gained ground in national polling in the next few days, with all polls predicting a victory for him in the New Hampshire primary.^State director on Clinton's upset victory in the Massachusetts primary on Feb.5, and assisted in the campaign's efforts in Maine and New Hampshire.

^However, Clinton gained a surprise win [270] in the New Hampshire primary on January 8 , [271] defeating Obama by 39 percent to 37 percent, [272] and in the process becoming the first woman to win a presidential party primary in United States history.

[250].Explanations for her New Hampshire comeback varied but often centered on her being seen more sympathetically, especially by women, after her eyes welled with tears and her voice broke while responding to a voter's question the day before the election.^Explanations for her comeback varied but often centered on her being seen more sympathetically, especially by women, after her eyes welled with tears and her voice broke while responding to a voter’s question the day before the election.

^It says that some states are improperly using Social Security data to verify new voters' registration applications, and that others might have broken rules that govern removing voters from the rolls within 90 days of a federal election.

^And Hillary Clinton’s laugh was being described as a cackle.” [344] And following Clinton’s “choked up moment” and related incidents before the New Hampshire primary , discussion of gender’s role in the campaign moved front and center in national political discussion.

[250][251] The nature of the contest fractured in the next few days. Several remarks by Bill Clinton and other surrogates,[252] and a remark by Hillary Clinton concerning Martin Luther King, Jr., and Lyndon B. Johnson,[nb 9] were perceived by many as, accidentally or intentionally, limiting Obama as a racially oriented candidate or otherwise denying the post-racial significance and accomplishments of his campaign.[253].Despite attempts by both Hillary Clinton and Obama to downplay the issue, Democratic voting became more polarized as a result, with Clinton losing much of her support among African Americans.^This was Hillary Clinton's nomination to lose.

.Bill Clinton had made more statements attracting criticism for their perceived racial implications late in the South Carolina campaign, and his role was seen as damaging enough to her that a wave of supporters within and outside of the campaign said the former President "needs to stop."^Former President Bill Clinton appointed her to an ambassadorship during his Presidency.

^Bill Clinton had made more statements attracting criticism for their perceived racial implications late in the South Carolina campaign, [284] and by now his role was seen as damaging enough to her [285] that a wave of supporters within and without the campaign said the former President “needs to stop.” [284] On Super Tuesday, Clinton won the largest states, such as California and New York, while Obama won more states; [286] the two gained a nearly equal number of estimated delegates [286] and a nearly equal share of the total popular vote, [287] in what one set of observers termed an “amazing tie”.

[257][258].But Obama was gaining more pledged delegates for his share of the popular vote due to better exploitation of the Democratic proportional allocation rules.^She merely tied Obama in the popular vote.

Clinton speaking at a Pennsylvania rally in support of her former rival, Barack Obama; October 2008.

.The Clinton campaign had counted on winning the nomination by Super Tuesday, and was unprepared financially and logistically for a prolonged effort; lagging in Internet fundraising, Clinton began loaning her campaign money.^Although February was her best month yet in fundraising, documents filed last week with the Federal Elections Commission show that at the end of that month Mrs Clinton’s total of $38 million in the bank was mostly money that can be spent only if she wins the nomination.

[245][260].There was continuous turmoil within the campaign staff and she made several top-level personnel changes.^Will you support changes to existing personnel policy in order to ensure that LGBT staff at State and USAID receive equal benefits and support?

[260][261].Obama won the next eleven February caucuses and primaries across the country, often by large margins, and took a significant pledged delegate lead over Clinton.^Obama’s current 106 delegate lead.

[259][260].On March 4, Clinton broke the string of losses by winning in Ohio among other places,[260] where her criticism of NAFTA, a major legacy of her husband's presidency, had been a key issue.^The fear inside the Clinton camp is that Obama will win Hawaii and Wisconsin next week and head into the March 4 contests for Ohio and Texas with a 10-race winning streak.

^CLINTON: I am very proud to be the president-elect's nominee for secretary of state, and I am very proud of what my husband and the Clinton Foundation and the associated efforts he's undertaken have accomplished, as well.

[262].Throughout the campaign, Obama dominated caucuses, which the Clinton campaign largely ignored organizing for.^Bill Clinton’s ill-tempered and ill-founded attacks on Barack Obama are doing no credit to the former president, his legacy, or his wife’s campaign.

[245][259][263].Obama did well in primaries where African Americans or younger, college-educated, or more affluent voters were heavily represented; Clinton did well in primaries where Hispanics or older, non-college-educated, or working-class white voters predominated.^Exit polling showed that the more educated voters were supporting Obama.

^It was a cold calculation based on numbers: black voters are a small part of the total, except in a handful of states (and DC), most of them will vote for Obama anyway, going for white, working class, less than college educated voters would help her a lot in states like Ohio, Texas, Pennsylvania.

[264][265].Some Democratic party leaders expressed concern that the drawn-out campaign between the two could damage the winner in the general election contest against Republican presumptive nominee John McCain, especially if an eventual triumph for Clinton was won via party-appointed superdelegates.^As a Republican-leaning independent, I will vote for Barack Obama if he is the Democratic nominee running against John McCain but I will not vote for Hillary Clinton.

^As each side seeks to maximise its advantages and minimise its weaknesses, the Republican party has chosen the lowest of low roads, engaging in two sleazy political marketing campaigns over the past week.

Clinton's admission in late March, that her repeated campaign statements about having been under hostile fire from snipers during a 1996 visit to U.S. troops at Tuzla Air Base in Bosnia-Herzegovina were not true, attracted considerable media attention and risked undermining both her credibility and her claims of foreign policy expertise as First Lady.^I remember landing under sniper fire.

^Hillary, who even the media now admit will say or do anything to win election, is using her past as first lady to attempt to sell the American people on her expertise in foreign policy, a claim largely based on her travels during her husband’s administration and the fact that she met with world leaders while junketing abroad.

.On April 22, she won the Pennsylvania primary, keeping her campaign alive.^February 11, 2008 Having won exactly zero of the last four primaries, Hillary believes that when the going gets tough, the tough fire their campaign managers.

[268].However, on May 6, a narrower-than-expected win in the Indiana primary coupled with a large loss in the North Carolina primary ended any realistic chance she had of winning the nomination.^"At the end, Obama may even able to win the general election, but him and the far left has irreparably divided the democrats which they may pay a price down the road."

[268].She vowed to stay on through the remaining primaries, but stopped attacks against Obama; as one advisor stated, "She could accept losing.^The group has over half a million members in California alone – roughly one out of ten primary voters in Tuesday’s largest state.

She could not accept quitting."[268].She won some of the remaining contests, and indeed, over the last three months of the campaign she won more delegates, states, and votes than Obama, but it was not enough to overcome Obama's lead.^She lost more states than Obama.

.Following the final primaries on June 3, 2008, Obama had gained enough delegates to become the presumptive nominee.^Its extremely hypocritical the way Obama followers rail against Florida and Michigan primaries.

^Clinton is the first woman in U.S. history to win a presidential party primary, and as the 2008 race takes place, she is in a contest with Senator Barack Obama for the nomination of the Democratic Party.

[269].In a speech before her supporters on June 7, Clinton ended her campaign and endorsed Obama, declaring, "The way to continue our fight now to accomplish the goals for which we stand is to take our energy, our passion, our strength and do all we can to help elect Barack Obama."^All of them supported by Hillary Clinton.

[270].By campaign's end, Clinton had won 1,640 pledged delegates to Obama's 1,763;[271] at the time of the clinching, Clinton had 286 superdelegates to Obama's 395,[272] with those numbers widening to 256 versus 438 once Obama was acknowledged the winner.^Obama has the lead in number of states won, in pledged delegates and in overall delegates.

^While it would be unseemly for the candidates to hand out thousands of dollars to primary voters, or to the delegates pledged to represent the will of those voters, elected officials serving as superdelegates have received about $890,000 from Obama and Clinton in the form of campaign contributions over the last three years,” the nonpartisan Center for Responsive Politics reported today.

[271].Clinton and Obama each received over 17 million votes during the nomination process,[nb 10] with both breaking the previous record.^Clinton people distorting Obama's experience and voting record.

[273].Clinton also eclipsed, by a very large margin, Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm's 1972 mark for most primaries and delegates won by a woman.^Clinton is the first woman in U.S. history to win a presidential party primary, and as the 2008 race takes place, she is in a contest with Senator Barack Obama for the nomination of the Democratic Party.

[274].Clinton gave a passionate speech supporting Obama at the 2008 Democratic National Convention and campaigned frequently for him in Fall 2008, which concluded with his victory over McCain in the general election on November 4.[275] Clinton's campaign ended up severely in debt; she owed millions of dollars to outside vendors and wrote off the $13 million that she lent it herself.^Hillary coughs up $5 million for her campaign .

Secretary of State

Nomination and confirmation

Clinton takes the oath-of-office as Secretary of State, administered by Associate Judge Kathryn Oberly as Bill Clinton holds the Bible.

.In mid-November 2008, President-elect Obama and Clinton discussed the possibility of her serving as U.S. Secretary of State in his administration,[277] and on November 21, reports indicated that she had accepted the position.^We have carefully hued to the president-elect's position.

[278].On December 1, President-elect Obama formally announced that Clinton would be his nominee for Secretary of State.^It is an honor and a privilege to be here this morning as President-elect Obama's nominee for secretary of state.

^CLINTON: I am very proud to be the president-elect's nominee for secretary of state, and I am very proud of what my husband and the Clinton Foundation and the associated efforts he's undertaken have accomplished, as well.

^But even if we assume 10-point wins for each candidate in each state (and the margin will likely be much tighter), all Hillary would get from her states is 36 more delegates while Obama would get 20 from his — still leaving Obama with a lead of 147 in elected delegates.

[279].Clinton said she was reluctant to leave the Senate, but that the new position represented a "difficult and exciting adventure".[279] As part of the nomination, Bill Clinton agreed to accept a number of conditions and restrictions regarding his ongoing activities and fundraising efforts for the Clinton Presidential Center and Clinton Global Initiative.^Senator Clinton, congratulations on your nomination.

.The appointment required a Saxbe fix, passed and signed into law in December 2008.[281] Confirmation hearings before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee began on January 13, 2009, a week before the Obama inauguration; two days later, the Committee voted 16–1 to approve Clinton.^Published January 13, 2009 .

[282].By this time, Clinton's public approval rating had reached 65 percent, the highest point since the Lewinsky scandal.^Since she’s in the mood for taking credit for the Clinton administration’s accomplishments, why won’t she release her correspondence with her husband during their time in the White House?

^After moving to New York, Clinton was elected as senator for New York State in 2000 ; this was the first time an American First Lady ran for public office and she is the first female senator from that state.

[283].On January 21, 2009, Clinton was confirmed in the full Senate by a vote of 94–2.[284] Clinton took the oath of office of Secretary of State and resigned from the Senate that same day.^This is a transcript of the January 13, 2009 Senate confirmation hearing of Senator Hillary Clinton as nominee for Secretary of State.

Tenure

Obama and Clinton speaking with one another at the 21st NATO summit in April 2009

.Clinton spent her initial days as Secretary of State telephoning dozens of world leaders and indicating that U.S. foreign policy would change direction: "We have a lot of damage to repair."^Where is the “change” Clinton said she would or (excuse me) has changed?

[287].She advocated an expanded role in global economic issues for the State Department and cited the need for an increased U.S. diplomatic presence, especially in Iraq where the Defense Department had conducted diplomatic missions.^The chairman asked me about the role of the State Department in Iraq.

[288].She pushed for a larger international affairs budget;[288] the Obama administration's proposed 2010 budget contained a 7 percent increase for the State Department and other international programs.^That program was started in the State Department.

[289].In March 2009, Clinton prevailed over Vice President Joe Biden on an internal debate to send an additional 20,000 troops to the war in Afghanistan.^The president-elect does support the regulation that you were part of and Vice President-elect Biden and, I think, Senator Lugar was as well.

[290].An elbow fracture and subsequent painful recuperation caused Clinton to miss two foreign trips in June 2009 amid media speculation about her level of influence within the administration.^In large measure, in reaction, we think, to the response to the elections back in June, there have been abuses committed within the detention facilities and elsewhere that we are deeply concerned about.

[290][291].Clinton returned to the diplomatic scene sitting down with ousted Honduran PresidentManuel Zelaya, who agreed on a U.S.-backed proposal to begin talks with the Micheletti government.^January 26, 2008 Peggy Noonan makes it simple even for Clinton Supporters and other idiots to see who they are backing… and who is walking away.

[292].Clinton announced the most ambitious of her departmental reforms, the Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review, which establishes specific objectives for the State Department’s diplomatic missions abroad; it is modeled after a similar process in the Defense Department that she was familiar with from her time on the Senate Armed Services Committee.^"Senator Clinton sits on the Senate Armed Services Committee and three subcommittees."

[293].In September, Clinton unveiled the Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative at the annual meeting of her husband's Clinton Global Initiative.^But the Clinton Global Initiative is a pass-through.

[294].The new initiative seeks to battle hunger worldwide as a strategic part of U.S. foreign policy, rather than just react to food shortage emergencies as they occur, and emphasizes the role of women farmers.^The United States is uniquely situated to help the world feed itself and has the opportunities to recast its image by making the eradication of hunger a centerpiece of United States foreign policy.

^So I would hope that when we look at the State Department, we think of the role of foreign policy, diplomacy and development as involving not just those who are the foreign service officers and the civil service professionals and the development experts, but really it's all hands on deck.

[294].In October, on a trip to Switzerland, Clinton’s intervention overcame last-minute snags and saved the signing of an historic Turkish–Armenian accord that established diplomatic relations and opened the border between the two long-hostile nations.^Last week, Democratic National Committeewoman Christine “Roz” Samuels became the first superdelegate to switch from Clinton’s camp to Obama’s.

[295].In Pakistan, she engaged in several unusually blunt discussions with students, talk show hosts, and tribal elders, in an attempt to repair the Pakistani image of the U.S.[154] The same month, when asked about her political future, she said: “I have absolutely no interest in running for president again.^She has absolutely no business whatsoever running for President.

.Several organizations attempted to measure Clinton's place on the political spectrum scientifically using her Senate votes.^The Senate is to begin debate next week on a number of gun control measures, some of which mirror proposals offered recently by President Clinton.

^Several of them, echoing political analysts, expressed concerns that Mrs. Clinton’s spending priorities amounted to costly errors in judgment that have hamstrung her competitiveness against Senator Barack Obama of Illinois.

.National Journal's 2004 study of roll-call votes assigned Clinton a rating of 30 in the political spectrum, relative to the then-current Senate, with a rating of 1 being most liberal and 100 being most conservative.^Obama: Most Liberal Senator In 2007 “, National Journal , 2008 - 01-31 .

[298].National Journal's subsequent rankings placed her as the 32nd-most liberal senator in 2006 and 16th-most liberal senator in 2007.[299] A 2004 analysis by political scientists Joshua D. Clinton of Princeton University, Simon Jackman and Doug Rivers of Stanford University found her to be likely the sixth-to-eighth-most liberal Senator.^Obama: Most Liberal Senator In 2007 “, National Journal , 2008 - 01-31 .

^This pattern of partisan polarization continued once Hillary Clinton became an elected official; University of California, San Diego political science professor Gary Jacobson ’s 2006 study found that in a state-by-state survey of job approval ratings of the state’s senators, Clinton had the fourth most polarized ratings of any senator, with again a 50 percentage point difference in approval between New York’s Democrats and Republicans.

^CLINTON: Well, Senator Cardin, it's been an honor to serve on the Helsinki Commission and I know you have not only a longstanding interest, but involvement, going back to your days in the House, with respect to OSCE and the Helsinki accords.

Writings and recordings

.As First Lady of the United States, Clinton published a weekly syndicated newspaper column titled "Talking It Over" from 1995 to 2000, distributed by Creators Syndicate.^She became the first First Lady of the United States to be a candidate for elected office.

.Other books released by Clinton when she was First Lady include Dear Socks, Dear Buddy: Kids' Letters to the First Pets (1998) and An Invitation to the White House: At Home with History (2000).^Since she’s in the mood for taking credit for the Clinton administration’s accomplishments, why won’t she release her correspondence with her husband during their time in the White House?

In 2003, Clinton released a 562-page autobiography, Living History. .In anticipation of high sales, publisher Simon & Schuster paid Clinton a near-record advance of $8 million.^By the date of the election, the campaigns of Clinton and Lazio, along with Giuliani’s initial effort, had spent a record combined $90 million.

[305].The book set a first-week sales record for a nonfiction work,[306] went on to sell more than one million copies in the first month following publication,[307] and was translated into twelve foreign languages.^Earlier this week, the Secret Service looked into the case of a sign posted on a tree in Vay, Idaho, with Obama's name and the offer of a "free public hanging."

[308].Clinton's audio recording of the book earned her a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album.^Rodham Clinton also has authored best-selling books, including her autobiography, Living History and It Takes a Village: And Other Lessons Children Teach Us, which won her the 1997 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for the recorded version."

Cultural and political image

.Hillary Clinton has frequently been featured in the media and popular culture from a wide spectrum of perspectives.^I have a lot of issues with the news media's coverage of this campaign, but they can all be reduced to one question: What did Hillary Clinton do to you to deserve such treatment?

.Clinton has often been described in the popular media as a polarizing figure,[310][312][313][314][315][316] with some arguing otherwise.^Clinton is the most dramatically polarizing, the most instinctively distrusted, political figure of my lifetime.

[316][317]James Madison University political science professor Valerie Sulfaro's 2007 study used the American National Election Studies' "feeling thermometer" polls, which measure the degree of opinion about a political figure, to find that such polls during Clinton's First Lady years confirm the "conventional wisdom that Hillary Clinton is a polarizing figure", with the added insight that "affect towards Mrs. Clinton as first lady tended to be very positive or very negative, with a fairly constant one fourth of respondents feeling ambivalent or neutral."[318].University of California, San Diego political science professor Gary Jacobson's 2006 study of partisan polarization found that in a state-by-state survey of job approval ratings of the state's senators, Clinton had the fourth-largest partisan difference of any senator, with a 50 percentage point difference in approval between New York's Democrats and Republicans.^(Dec 2006) Passed 2 planks of 7-plank platform, New Jobs for New York.

^This pattern of partisan polarization continued once Hillary Clinton became an elected official; University of California, San Diego political science professor Gary Jacobson ’s 2006 study found that in a state-by-state survey of job approval ratings of the state’s senators, Clinton had the fourth most polarized ratings of any senator, with again a 50 percentage point difference in approval between New York’s Democrats and Republicans.

[319].Northern Illinois University political science professor Barbara Burrell's 2000 study found that Clinton's Gallup poll favorability numbers broke sharply along partisan lines throughout her time as First Lady, with 70 to 90 percent of Democrats typically viewing her favorably while 20 to 40 percent of Republicans did.^Northern Illinois University political science professor Barbara Burrell’s 2000 study found that Clinton’s Gallup poll favorability numbers broke sharply along partisan lines throughout her time as First Lady, with 70 to 90 percent of Democrats typically viewing her favorably while 20 to 40 percent of Republicans did.

^The pressures of conflicting ideas about the role of a First Lady were enough to send Clinton into “imaginary discussions” with the also-politically-active Eleanor Roosevelt; [126] from the time she came to Washington, she also found refuge in a prayer group of The Fellowship that featured many wives of conservative Washington figures.

^James Madison University political science professor Valerie Sulfaro’s 2007 study found that such ratings during Clinton’s First Lady years confirm the “conventional wisdom that Hillary Clinton is a polarizing figure”, with the added insight that “affect towards Mrs. Clinton as first lady tended to be very positive or very negative, with a fairly constant one fourth of respondents feeling ambivalent or neutral.” [329] .

[320].University of Wisconsin–Madison political science professor Charles Franklin analyzed her record of favorable versus unfavorable ratings in public opinion polls, and found that there was more variation in them during her First Lady years than her Senate years.^His first year in the U.S. Senate, he authored 152 bills and co-sponsored another 427.

[321].The Senate years showed favorable ratings around 50 percent and unfavorable ratings in the mid-40 percent range; Franklin noted that, "This sharp split is, of course, one of the more widely remarked aspects of Sen.^As University of Wisconsin political science professor Charles Franklin notes, “This sharp split is … one of the more widely remarked aspects of Sen.

[321]McGill University professor of history Gil Troy titled his 2006 biography of her Hillary Rodham Clinton: Polarizing First Lady, and wrote that after the 1992 campaign, Clinton "was a polarizing figure, with 42 percent [of the public] saying she came closer to their values and lifestyle than previous first ladies and 41 percent disagreeing."[322] Troy further wrote that Hillary Clinton "has been uniquely controversial and contradictory since she first appeared on the national radar screen in 1992"[323] and that she "has alternately fascinated, bedeviled, bewitched, and appalled Americans."[323]

^The pressures of conflicting ideas about the role of a First Lady were enough to send Clinton into “imaginary discussions” with the also-politically-active Eleanor Roosevelt; [126] from the time she came to Washington, she also found refuge in a prayer group of The Fellowship that featured many wives of conservative Washington figures.

[320].Jacobson's study found a positive correlation across all senators between being women and receiving a partisan-polarized response.^Thus you see all her negatives across the country… she is very polarizing and calculating.

[319].Colorado State University communication studies professor Karrin Vasby Anderson describes the First Lady position as a "site" for American womanhood, one ready made for the symbolic negotiation of female identity.^The lack of access is emerging as an issue in Hillary’s presidential campaign: she cites her years of experience as First Lady as one of her prime qualifications to be president.

[324].In particular, Anderson states there has been a cultural bias towards traditional first ladies and a cultural prohibition against modern first ladies; by the time of Clinton, the First Lady position had become a site of heterogeneity and paradox.^In particular there has been a cultural bias towards traditional first ladies and a cultural prohibition against modern first ladies; by the time of Clinton, the First Lady position had become a site of heterogeneity and paradox .

[324] Burrell, as well as biographers Jeff Gerth and Don Van Natta, Jr., note that Clinton achieved her highest approval ratings as First Lady late in 1998, not for professional or political achievements of her own, but for being seen as the victim of her husband's very public infidelity.[183][320].University of Pennsylvania communications professor Kathleen Hall Jamieson saw Hillary Clinton as an exemplar of the double bind, who though able to live in a "both-and" world of both career and family, nevertheless "became a surrogate on whom we projected our attitudes about attributes once thought incompatible", leading to her being placed in a variety of no-win situations.^I saw Hillary Clinton on the show.

^University of Pennsylvania communications professor Kathleen Hall Jamieson saw Hillary Clinton as an exemplar of the double bind , who though able to live in a “both-and” world of both career and family, nevertheless “became a surrogate on whom we projected our attitudes about attributes once thought incompatible,” leading to her being placed in a variety of no-win situations .

^Communications professor Jamieson observed that there was a large amount of misogyny present about Clinton on the Internet, [344] up to and including Facebook and other sites devoted to depictions reducing Clinton to sexual humiliation.

[311].Quinnipiac University media studies professor Lisa Burns found press accounts frequently framing Clinton both as an exemplar of the modern professional working mother and as a political interloper interested in usurping power for herself.^Masters of Science in political science from the School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2006.

[325].University of Indianapolis English professor Charlotte Templin found political cartoonists using a variety of stereotypes – such as gender reversal, radical feminist as emasculator, and the wife the husband wants to get rid of – to portray Hillary Clinton as violating gender norms.^The world of political cartoons also played in the symbolic negotiation: University of Indianapolis English professor Charlotte Templin found cartoonists using a variety of stereotypes such as gender reversal, radical feminist as emasculator, and the wife the husband wants to get rid of, to portray Hillary Clinton as violating gender norms .

^James Madison University political science professor Valerie Sulfaro’s 2007 study found that such ratings during Clinton’s First Lady years confirm the “conventional wisdom that Hillary Clinton is a polarizing figure”, with the added insight that “affect towards Mrs. Clinton as first lady tended to be very positive or very negative, with a fairly constant one fourth of respondents feeling ambivalent or neutral.” [329] .

.A 2006 survey by The New York Observer found "a virtual cottage industry" of "anti-Clinton literature",[327] put out by Regnery Publishing and other conservative imprints,[327] with titles such as Madame Hillary: The Dark Road to the White House, Hillary's Scheme: Inside the Next Clinton's Ruthless Agenda to Take the White House, and Can She Be Stopped? : Hillary Clinton Will Be the Next President of the United States Unless .... Books praising Clinton did not sell nearly as well[327] (other than the memoirs written by her and her husband).^Hillary = McCain's road to the White House.

.When she ran for Senate in 2000, a number of fundraising groups such as Save Our Senate and the Emergency Committee to Stop Hillary Rodham Clinton sprang up to oppose her.^Hillary Rodham Clinton supporters.

[328].Van Natta, Jr., found that Republican and conservative groups viewed her as a reliable "bogeyman" to mention in fundraising letters,[329] on a par with Ted Kennedy and the equivalent of Democratic and liberal appeals mentioning Newt Gingrich.^Why do you and the rest of the press never mention that the Fla and Mich primaries were forced out of the time approved by the Democratic party by Republican operatives?

.Going into the early stages of her presidential campaign for 2008, a Time magazine cover showed a large picture of her, with two checkboxes labeled "Love Her", "Hate Her",[330] while Mother Jones titled its profile of her "Harpy, Hero, Heretic: Hillary".[331] Democratic netroots activists consistently rated Clinton very low in polls of their desired candidates,[332] while some conservative figures such as Bruce Bartlett and Christopher Ruddy were declaring a Hillary Clinton presidency not so bad after all[333][334] and an October 2007 cover of The American Conservative magazine was titled "The Waning Power of Hillary Hate".[335] By December 2007, communications professor Jamieson observed that there was a large amount of misogyny present about Clinton on the Internet,[336] up to and including Facebook and other sites devoted to depictions reducing Clinton to sexual humiliation.^Tagged: hillary clinton dnc democrat .

[336].She noted that, in response to widespread commenting on the nature of Clinton's laugh,[337] that "We know that there's language to condemn female speech that doesn't exist for male speech.^She also noted that, in response to widespread commenting on the nature of Clinton’s laugh, [345] that “We know that there’s language to condemn female speech that doesn’t exist for male speech.

^CLINTON: Well, in fact, Senator, that's going to be one of the responsibilities that will given to this second deputy under my direction, to take a look at our existing authorities, to determine what works, what doesn't work, to try to eliminate redundancies, to fill gaps, because, you know, we do have some of those as well, obviously.

.And Hillary Clinton's laugh was being described as a cackle."^And Hillary Clinton’s laugh was being described as a cackle.” [344] And following Clinton’s “choked up moment” and related incidents before the New Hampshire primary , discussion of gender’s role in the campaign moved front and center in national political discussion.

[336].Following Clinton's "choked up moment" and related incidents before the January 2008 New Hampshire primary, both The New York Times and Newsweek found that discussion of gender's role in the campaign had moved into the national political discourse.^Pingback by political quickies during new hampshire primaries January 8th, 2008 at 2:09 pm [...

[338][339].Newsweek editor Jon Meacham summed the relationship between Clinton and the American public by saying that the New Hampshire events, "brought an odd truth to light: though Hillary Rodham Clinton has been on the periphery or in the middle of national life for decades ...^Hillary Rodham Clinton supporters.

Awards and honors

.Clinton has received over a dozen awards and honors during her career from American and international organizations for her activities concerning health, women, and children.^She did a lot for health care, women, and children.

Further reading

Notes

^ In 1995, Hillary Clinton said her mother had named her after Sir Edmund Hillary, who, with Sherpa Tenzing, was the first mountaineer to scale Mount Everest, and that was the reason for the unusual "two L's" spelling of her name. However, the Everest climb did not take place until 1953, more than five years after she was born. In October 2006, a Clinton spokeswoman said she was not named after the mountain climber. Instead, this account of her name's origin "was a sweet family story her mother shared to inspire greatness in her daughter, to great results I might add." See Hakim, Danny (2006-10-17). "Hillary, Not as in the Mount Everest Guy". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/17/nyregion/17hillary.html. Retrieved 2008-04-25.

^ Bill Clinton's advisers thought her use of her maiden name to be one of the reasons for his 1980 gubernatorial reelection loss. During the following winter, Vernon Jordan, Jr. suggested to Hillary Rodham that she start using the name Clinton, and she began to do so publicly with her husband's February 1982 campaign announcement. She later wrote that "I learned the hard way that some voters in Arkansas were seriously offended by the fact that I kept my maiden name" (Clinton 2003, pp. 91–93; see also Morris 1996, p. 282).

^ During the political damage control over the Gennifer Flowers episode during the 1992 campaign, Hillary Clinton said in the joint 60 Minutes interview, "I'm not sitting here as some little woman 'standing by my man' like Tammy Wynette. I'm sitting here because I love him and I respect him, and I honor what he's been through and what we've been through together." The seemingly sneering reference to country music provoked immediate criticism that Clinton was culturally tone-deaf, and Tammy Wynette herself did not like the remark because her classic song "Stand by Your Man" is not written in the first person. See "2000: Hillary Clinton is first First Lady in Senate". BBC News. 2000-11-07. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/7/newsid_4385000/4385582.stm. Retrieved 2007-10-01. Wynette added that Clinton had "offended every true country music fan and every person who has 'made it on their own' with no one to take them to a White House." See Troy 2006, p. 42. A few days later, on Prime Time Live, Hillary Clinton apologized to Wynette. Clinton would later write that she had been careless in her choice of words and that "the fallout from my reference to Tammy Wynette was instant – as it deserved to be – and brutal." See Clinton 2003, p. 108. The two women later resolved their differences, with Wynette appearing at a Clinton fund raiser.

^ Less than two months after the Tammy Wynette remarks, Hillary Clinton was facing questions about whether she could have avoided possible conflicts of interest between her governor husband and work given to the Rose Law Firm, when she remarked, "I've done the best I can to lead my life ... You know, I suppose I could have stayed home and baked cookies and had teas, but what I decided to do was fulfill my profession, which I entered before my husband was in public life" (Clinton 2003, p. 109). The "cookies and teas" part of this statement prompted even more culture-based criticism of Clinton's apparent distaste for women who had chosen to be homemakers; the remark became a recurring campaign liability (Bernstein 2007, pp. 205–206). Clinton subsequently offered up some cookie recipes as a way of making amends, and would later write of her chagrin: "Besides, I've done quite a lot of cookie baking in my life, and tea-pouring too!" (Clinton 2003, p. 109).

^ Gerth and Van Natta Jr. 2007, pp. 18–21. The teacher, Paul Carlson, and the minister, Donald Jones, came into conflict in Park Ridge; Clinton would later see that "as an early indication of the cultural, political and religious fault lines that developed across America in the [next] forty years" (Clinton 2003, p. 23).

^ Morris 1996, p. 139; Bernstein 2007, p. 105. Clinton would later write, and repeat on the Late Show with David Letterman, that sliming fish was the best preparation she would ever have for living in Washington. Clinton 2003, pp. 42–43.