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Access roadways are necessary for park maintenance, landfill management and effective agricultural operations. Traditional ways of building roads often take too long and are stressful on natural environments. Articulated concrete blocks offer a viable alternative for roadways, which helps preserve habitat as well. Here is are six ways you will enjoy articulated concrete blocks for creating ...

The World Organisation for Animal Health (formerly the Office of International Epizootics, or OIE) provides inter-governmental guidance on animal health issues. The OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code contains standards and recommendations to prevent import of infectious pathogens during trade of animal products. The OIE designed recommendations for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to ...

Before the first domestic case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was identified in May 2003, Canada was the world's third largest exporter of cattle behind the USA and Australia. After the detection of BSE, over 30 countries imposed an immediate ban on imported Canadian beef and cattle products, including the USA. The interdependence of the Canadian beef industry with that of the US ...

Globally, Canada is only a minor beef producing country, and yet ranks fourth among countries exporting beef products. That fact alone shows considerable market vulnerability. When coupled with dependence on corporate-owned slaughter capacity and heavy reliance on only one export market (the USA), that vulnerability is magnified. Economic losses from BSE in Canada following the occurrence of the ...

Following the outbreak of BSE in the UK in the mid-1980s, Israel banned the importation of live cattle and meat and bone meal from the UK. The appearance of its first and only domestic case in 2002 prompted the implementation of several additional protective measures, including improvements to the active surveillance system and the removal of high risk materials. A geographic bovine spongiform ...

Geographic proximity and a long history of integration between US and Canadian cattle industries have resulted in similar management of BSE risk factors. Both countries have had a single imported case of BSE followed by multiple endemic cases of the bovine disease. Comparable risk management strategies have been put in place, such as a ban on the feeding of ruminant materials to other ruminants, ...

Despite the emergence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) throughout Europe, Germany considered itself free of the disease. However, on November 26, 2000, the first domestic case of BSE appeared in the country, leading to public concerns about food safety. The occurrence of BSE within the country's borders had dramatic economic and social effects. The response of the German public and ...

Costa Rica is a representative Latin American country with significant regional cattle production for its size. The country experienced an exceedingly low challenge for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) as evidenced by no direct meat and bone meal imports from the UK, few imported cattle, no specified risk materials imports from high risk countries, and cattle that are entirely grass-fed. In ...

On a massive cattle feedlot located outside the town of Vegreville, Alta., the pungent odour of cow manure is masked by the sweet smell of the province’s energy future. Turning cattle dung — “brown gold,” as some call it — into green power and other valuable byproducts is a made-in-Alberta energy solution that is not only sustainable and energy efficient, but also ...

Two dome-like structures rise out of the thick ice fog of a Prairie winter day. From a distance, a science-fiction city seems to be taking shape on the rolling grasslands of east-central Alberta. Then, as you draw near, another sensation takes hold – the oppressively pungent odour of cow manure. On this day, the enveloping fog is making the smell worse than usual, explains Bern ...

Received for publication January 7, 2009. A phytostabilization process that combined the addition of a synthetic (Calcinit + urea + PK14% + calcium carbonate) or organic (cow slurry) amendment with Lolium perenne L. growth was used to remediate a mine soil moderately contaminated with Zn, Pb, and Cd. The reduced toxicity caused by both amendments allowed the establishment of a healthy L. perenne ...

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of vehicle emissions on zinc and lead content of cow's milk, grazing at 15 different locations near to roadsides in Sakarya, Turkey. The results obtained for zinc were between 1262 μg kg−1 and 6566 μg kg−1. An acceptable range of zinc content from various sides confirmed the absence of possible toxicological risks in this region. The lead ...

This article raises the question as to what role the EU can and should play in European crisis management. The EU has, in an ad hoc fashion, taken on the responsibility of protecting the security and safety of people from threats, ranging from the mad cow disease to terrorism, after 9/11 and bombings in Madrid and London. The challenge for research is to understand why the EU has been ...