Commodity fetishism: where an economic object becomes socially transformed into an object which people choose to believe has intrinsic value in and of itself, regardless of what has happened to produce it Understanding the...

Food miles Average grams of CO2 emissions from transporting 1 tonne for 1 km Cars: emissions from CO2 from journeys in the UK to purchase food rose by 27 (19922002), totaling about the same as those from heavy good vehicle...

All settlements are equidistant and exist in a triangular lattice pattern Distance decay mechanism (interaction between two locales declines when distance increases) Perfect competition exists and all sellers are economic ...

3. Migration is becoming more differentiated combinations of permanent and temporary migration, refugees, retirees, students etc 4. Migration is increasingly feminized more migrants are women especially in both labour flow...

For example, rising oil prices rising electricity prices rising costs for home based workers in textile manufacture reduced income Issue: Little control over employment conditions, insecurity, no access to social protectio...

1. Malthusianism Key argument: population growth will ultimately outstrip resources, so therefore the world faces a future doomed to scarcity Example: Waste o We will shortly be drowning in our own waste Example: Species e...

Oilmost versatile, transportable (eg; can be pumped through pipes), used in a vast range of products beyond petroleum (plastics, textiles, cosmetics), has created new resources, advanced industrial societies completely dep...

Stadial assumptions: societies move through set stages of development eg; from savage to civilized Spatially and socially differentiated: some places are seen as more developed than others Social evolutionary ideas of prog...