Extractions: Sinan ibn Thabit ibn Qurra was the son of Thabit ibn Qurra and the father of Ibrahim ibn Sinan . Although Sinan was extremely eminent in medicine his contributions to mathematics were somewhat less major but he still deserves a place in this archive as a contributor to mathematics in this remarkable family of scholars. Thabit ibn Qurra , Sinan's father, was a member of the Sabian sect. The Sabian religious sect were star worshippers from Harran. Of course being worshipers of the stars meant that there was strong motivation for the study of astronomy and the sect produced many quality astronomers and mathematicians such as Thabit himself. Sinan was trained in medicine, a topic which his father had studied in Baghdad. His father's patron was the Caliph, al-Mu'tadid, one of the greatest of the 'Abbasid caliphs, and Sinan was brought up at the court where his father held the role of court astronomer. Sinan's father Thabit died in 901 and the caliph al-Mu'tadid died the following year. Al-Mu'tadid had shown great skill in playing the various factions off against each other during his period of power but after his troops were defeated by the Qarmatians, a schismatic sect and political movement. Historians argue whether al-Mu'tadid was poisoned in a palace intrigue, but even if he was not this is an indication of the atmosphere in the court where Sinan lived. By this time Sinan was a man of about 22 years of age but, despite having great medical skills, he seems to have held no positions at this time.

Extractions: Sinan ibn Thabit ibn Qurra was the son of Thabit ibn Qurra and the father of Ibrahim ibn Sinan . Although Sinan was extremely eminent in medicine his contributions to mathematics were somewhat less major but he still deserves a place in this archive as a contributor to mathematics in this remarkable family of scholars. Thabit ibn Qurra , Sinan's father, was a member of the Sabian sect. The Sabian religious sect were star worshippers from Harran. Of course being worshipers of the stars meant that there was strong motivation for the study of astronomy and the sect produced many quality astronomers and mathematicians such as Thabit himself. Sinan was trained in medicine, a topic which his father had studied in Baghdad. His father's patron was the Caliph, al-Mu'tadid, one of the greatest of the 'Abbasid caliphs, and Sinan was brought up at the court where his father held the role of court astronomer. Sinan's father Thabit died in 901 and the caliph al-Mu'tadid died the following year. Al-Mu'tadid had shown great skill in playing the various factions off against each other during his period of power but after his troops were defeated by the Qarmatians, a schismatic sect and political movement. Historians argue whether al-Mu'tadid was poisoned in a palace intrigue, but even if he was not this is an indication of the atmosphere in the court where Sinan lived. By this time Sinan was a man of about 22 years of age but, despite having great medical skills, he seems to have held no positions at this time.

Extractions: Ibrahim ibn Sinan was a grandson of Thabit ibn Qurra and studied geometry and in particular tangents to circles. He also studied the apparent motion of the Sun and the geometry of shadows. There is no doubt that had he not died at the young age of thirty-eight, he would have achieved a degree of fame for his mathematical works going even beyond the opinion of Sezgin (see [5] and [6]) that he was:- ... one of the most important mathematicians in the medieval Islamic world. Perhaps his early death robbed him of the chance to make a contribution even more important than that of his famous grandfather. Ibrahim's most important work was on the quadrature of the parabola where he introduced a method of integration more general than that of Archimedes . His grandfather Thabit ibn Qurra had started to view integration in a different way to Archimedes but Ibrahim realised that al-Mahani had made improvements on what his father had achieved. To Ibrahim it was unacceptable that (see for example [1]):-

Extractions: Ibrahim ibn Sinan was a grandson of Thabit ibn Qurra and studied geometry and in particular tangents to circles. He also studied the apparent motion of the Sun and the geometry of shadows. There is no doubt that had he not died at the young age of thirty-eight, he would have achieved a degree of fame for his mathematical works going even beyond the opinion of Sezgin (see [5] and [6]) that he was:- ... one of the most important mathematicians in the medieval Islamic world. Perhaps his early death robbed him of the chance to make a contribution even more important than that of his famous grandfather. Ibrahim's most important work was on the quadrature of the parabola where he introduced a method of integration more general than that of Archimedes . His grandfather Thabit ibn Qurra had started to view integration in a different way to Archimedes but Ibrahim realised that al-Mahani had made improvements on what his father had achieved. To Ibrahim it was unacceptable that (see for example [1]):-

Thabit His son, sinan ibn thabit, and his grandson Ibrahim ibn sinan ibn thabit, both were eminent scholars who contributed to http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Thabit.html

Extractions: Thabit ibn Qurra was a native of Harran and a member of the Sabian sect. The Sabian religious sect were star worshippers from Harran often confused with the Mandaeans (as they are in [1]). Of course being worshipers of the stars meant that there was strong motivation for the study of astronomy and the sect produced many quality astronomers and mathematicians. The sect, with strong Greek connections, had in earlier times adopted Greek culture, and it was common for members to speak Greek although after the conquest of the Sabians by Islam, they became Arabic speakers. There was another language spoken in southeastern Turkey, namely Syriac, which was based on the East Aramaic dialect of Edessa. This language was Thabit ibn Qurra's native language, but he was fluent in both Greek and Arabic. Some accounts say that Thabit was a money changer as a young man. This is quite possible but some historians do not agree. Certainly he inherited a large family fortune and must have come from a family of high standing in the community.

The Math Forum Trig/Calc Problem Of The Week Archive area white area = (2/3)(ax^3) = (2/3) rectangle area Bonus This formula comesfrom the mathematical work of Ibrahim ibn sinan ibn thabit ibn Qurra, a http://mathforum.org/calcpow/solutions/full_solution.ehtml?puzzle=45

The Time Of Al-razi AlBalkhi and the physician sinan ibn thabit wrote various treatiseson mathematical, astronomical, and astrological subjects. Al http://www.levity.com/alchemy/islam15.html

Extractions: First Half of Tenth Century The overwhelming superiority of Muslim culture continued to be felt throughout the tenth century. Indeed, it was felt more strongly than over, not only the foremost men of science were Muslims, but also because cultural influences are essentially cumulative. By the beginning, or at any rate by the middle of the century, the excellence of muslim science was already so well established, even in the West, that each new arabic work benefited to some extent by the prestige pertaining to all. To be sure, other languages, such as Latin, Greek, or Hebrew were also used by scholars, but the works written in those languages contained nothing new, and in the field of science, as in any other, when one ceases to go forward, one already begins to go backward. All the new discoveries and the new thoughts were published in arabic. strangely enough, the language of the Qur'an had thus become the international vehicle of scientific progress.

The Time Of Al-razi lost work on the triangles and Galen's De simlicium temperamentis et facultatibus. That the first translation was revised by sinan ibn thabit ibn Qurra (q. v http://www.levity.com/alchemy/islam14.html

Extractions: The whole ninth century was essentially a Muslim century. This more clear in the second half than of the first, since all the scientific leaders were Muslims, or at any rate were working with and for Muslims and wrote in Arabic. Cultural Background Abbasid Caliph Al-Mutawakkil (847-861) continued to protect men of science, chiefly the physicians, and he encouraged the school of translators headed by Hunain ibn Ishaq.

Extractions: "Die Konstruktion des regelmäßigen Siebenecks nach Abu Sahl al-Quhi Waijam ibn Rustam". Janus "Die Handschriften der Amsterdamer mathematischen Gesellschaft". Janus "Archimedes. Einander berührende Kreise". Sudhoffs Archiv "Archimedes. Über einander berührende Kreise ". Archimedes Opera Omnia, Band IV. In collaboration with Heinrich Hermelink and Matthias Schramm. (Stuttgart, Teubner, 1975). Book of Assumptions by Aqatun (PhD Thesis Amsterdam, 1977). "Some Remarks on the Book of Assumptions by Aqatun". Journal History of Arabic Science "On al-Khwarizmis algebraical equation case IV, ". (Russian) Commemoration Volume for the 1200th Anniversary of Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi "The Solution of Quadratic Equations according to al-Samawal". "Developments in the Solution to the Equation from al-Khwarizmi to Fibonacci". From Deferent to Equant: A Volume of Studies in the History of Science in the Ancient and Medieval Near East in Honor of E.S. Kennedy "The Evolution in the Solution to the Quadratic Equation as Seen in the Work of al-Samawal".