Baby with two heads dies after surgery

An infant girl born with a second head bled to death after complex surgery to remove her partially formed twin, her parents and doctors said.

A medical team completed the 11-hour operation in Santo Domingo,the Dominican Republic, on Friday night and said eight-week-old Rebeca Martinez died seven hours later, on Saturday morning.

Doctors had warned after the surgery that the girl would be at great risk of infection or haemorrhaging.

"We knew this was a very risky surgery, and now we accept what God has decided," Rebeca's father, 29-year-old Franklin Martinez, said at a news conference with his wife. "Rebeca is no longer with us physically, but no one will forget her."

The family buried Rebeca in a private funeral on Saturday evening.

Advertisement

The girl lost a lot of blood in the operation, which apparently caused her to suffer a heart attack, said Jorge Lazareff, the lead surgeon. Friends and family donated almost 15 litres of blood for surgeons to use during the operation.

"This was not a failure or an error," Dr Lazareff said. "When we left here last night at midnight the girl was in stable condition. At some point in the middle of the night, she started to bleed."

Rebeca was born on December 10 with the undeveloped head of her twin, an extremely rare condition known as craniopagus parasiticus.

Fully developed twins born conjoined at the head are extremely rare, accounting for one of every 2.5 million births, but parasitic twins, where one twin stops developing in the womb, are even rarer.

Rebecca was the eighth documented case in the world of craniopagus parasiticus, doctors said.

All the other infants documented with the condition died before birth, making Rebeca's surgery the first known operation of its kind.

Without an operation, Rebeca would have barely been able to lift her head at three months old. Her doctors said the pressure from the second head, attached on top of the first and facing up, would have prevented her brain from developing.

"She was too little to withstand the surgery," said her mother, 26-year-old Maria Gisela Hiciano, sobbing softly. She said doctors told her Rebeca died about 6am.

Mr Martinez said doctors told them about 3am that Rebeca suffered a minor heart attack due to the bleeding, but they believed they could stabilise her. Rebeca then had more heart attacks at 5am and died shortly after 6am, he said.

Doctors said Rebeca had several blood transfusions, which complicated normal clotting. They also said her heart was accustomed to beating faster to pump out more blood for the second head.

"In that case, you can't do anything. This is the worst complication that can happen in this kind of surgery," said Dr Benjamin Rivera, one of the surgeons.

Doctors will learn more in the coming months as they review Rebeca's operation, said Dr Lazareff, who is director of pediatric neurosurgery at the University of California at Los Angeles' Mattel Children's Hospital.

In 2002, he led a team that successfully separated conjoined Guatemalan twin girls.

During Friday's surgery, 18 surgeons, nurses and doctors worked in rotations to cut off the undeveloped tissue, clip the veins and arteries, and close the skull using a bone and skin graft from the second head.

"We feel like we've lost a family member," said Dr Santiago Hazim, medical director of Santo Domingo's Centre for Orthopedic Specialties, where the surgery was performed.

The Centre for Orthopedic Specialties is among the country's top hospitals, and the medical team from UCLA visited two weeks before the surgery to make sure they had everything they needed.

CURE International, a Pennsylvania-based charity, paid $US100,000 ($131,570) for the surgery. The group funds the centre and gives medical care to disabled children in developing countries.

"We always saw Rebeca without the extra part of her body," her father said after her death.

Rebeca was Ms Hiciano's third child - along with a four-year-old boy and one-year-old girl.

"We aren't going to have any more children," she said. "Not because of what happened to Rebeca, but for economic reasons."

Ms Hiciano, a supermarket cashier, and her husband, who is a tailor, together make about $US200 a month.