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The overall survival (OS) will be the primary efficacy endpoint for this study. OS is defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death from any cause. If there is no death reported for a subject before the cut-off date for OS analysis, OS will be censored at the last contact date at which the subject is known to be alive.

Progression-free survival (PFS) in the Intent-To-Treat population [ Time Frame: Date of randomization to ≤ 30 months ]

Progression-Free Survival (PFS) is defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of the first objective documentation of disease progression per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), Version 1.1, criteria, or date of death from any cause (whichever comes first).

This study is to determine if the combination regimen of tivantinib with erlotinib will improve overall survival relative to erlotinib alone in subjects with locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous, non-small cell lung cancer who have received 1 or 2 prior systemic anti-cancer therapies.

Measurable disease and documented disease progression following last prior therapy according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, Version 1.1.

Have received one or two prior lines of systemic anti-cancer therapy therapy for advanced or metastatic disease, one of which must be a platinum-doublet therapy. Patients who received only adjuvant treatment will be eligible only if disease progression occurred <6 months after completion of adjuvant therapy. Prior maintenance therapy is allowed and will be considered as the same line of therapy when continued without discontinuation after initiation of a treatment regimen.

Resolution of any toxic effects of prior therapy (including radiotherapy) according to National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), Version 4.0, Grade ≤1 (with the exception of alopecia and ≤grade 2 neuropathy). Subject must have recovered from significant surgery-related complications.

Archival and/or fresh biopsy tissue sample must be available for biomarker determination. The status of the following biomarkers will be collected in this study: EGFR and KRAS mutation status prior to randomization, and MET status post randomization

If of child-bearing/reproductive potential (female or male), must agree to use double-barrier contraceptive measures, oral contraception, or avoidance of intercourse during the study and for 90 days after last investigational drug dose received

If female and of childbearing potential, must have a negative result of a pregnancy test (serum or urine) within 72 hours prior to initiating study treatment.

Must have signed and dated an approved Informed Consent Form (Including HIPAA authorization, if applicable) before performance of any study-specific procedures or tests. Subjects must be fully informed about their illness and the investigational nature of the study protocol (including forseeable risks and possible side effects)

Receipt of any systemic anti-tumor treatment for NSCLC within 3 weeks prior to randomization.

Receipt of palliative radiotherapy within 2 weeks or radiotherapy for curative intent of target lesions within 3 weeks prior to randomization. Lesions subjected to radiotherapy within 3 weeks prior to randomization may not be used as target lesions.

Clinically unstable central nervous system (CNS) metastasis (to be enrolled in the study, subjects must have confirmation of stable disease by MRI or computed tomography (CT) scan within 4 weeks of randomization and have CNS metastases well controlled by steroids, anti-epileptics or other symptom-relieving medications).

Need to breastfeed a child during or within 12 weeks of completing the study.

Significant gastrointestinal disorder that, in the opinion of the investigator, could interfere with absorption of ARQ 197 and/or erlotinib (eg, Crohn's disease, small or large bowel resection, malabsorption syndrome).

Inability or unwillingness to swallow the complete doses of ARQ 197 or erlotinib.

Any known contraindication to treatment with, including hypersensitivity to, ARQ 197 or erlotinib.

History of malignancy other than NSCLC within the 5 years prior to randomization, with the exceptions of adequately treated intraepithelial carcinoma of the cervix uteri; prostate carcinoma with a prostate-specific antigen value <0.2 ng/mL; or basal or squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin.