Cultural Diversity A Primer for the Human Services

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With CULTURAL DIVERSITY: A PRIMER FOR THE HUMAN SERVICES, you'll find the tools you need to become a successful and effective counselor. This innovative book covers a range of topics ranging from the general principles of cultural diversity, to how to work with clients from various cultures. This is the perfect text to prepare you for a successful counseling career!

Preface

xi

A Word About Diversity

xii

Acknowledgments

xii

Chapter 1 Introduction

1

(8)

Chapter 2 What It Means to Be Culturally Competent

9

(22)

Demographics

9

(1)

Reactions to the Changing Demographics

10

(1)

A Model of Cultural Competence

11

(12)

Assessing Agency Cultural Competence

13

(1)

Individual Cultural Competence Skill Areas

14

(5)

Defining Professional Standards

19

(4)

Why Become Culturally Competent?

23

(1)

The Fear and Pain Associated with Moving Toward Cultural Competence

24

(3)

Speaking Personally About Cultural Competence

27

(1)

Summary

28

(1)

Activities

29

(2)

Chapter 3 Understanding Racism, Prejudice, and White Privilege

31

(30)

Defining and Contextualizing Racism

32

(2)

Individual Racism and Prejudice

34

(5)

Traits and Tendencies Supporting Racism and Prejudice

34

(2)

Psychological Theories of Prejudice

36

(2)

Implications for Providers

38

(1)

Institutional Racism

39

(7)

Determining Institutional Racism

40

(1)

Consciousness, Intent, and Denial

41

(5)

Implications for Providers

46

(1)

Cultural Racism

46

(2)

Implications for Providers

48

(1)

Racial Consciousness Among Whites

48

(10)

White Privilege

48

(3)

White Racial Attitude Types

51

(2)

A Model of White Racial Identity Development

53

(3)

Identity Development in the Classroom

56

(1)

Becoming a Cultural Ally

57

(1)

Summary

58

(1)

Activities

59

(2)

Chapter 4 Understanding Culture and Cultural Differences

61

(22)

What Is Culture?

61

(2)

Culture Versus Race in the Definition of Group Differences

63

(1)

The Dimensions of Culture

64

(2)

Comparing Cultural Paradigms in America

66

(6)

Nature and the Environment

67

(1)

Time Orientation

67

(1)

People Relations

68

(1)

Work and Activity

68

(1)

Human Nature

69

(3)

Are Theories of Helping Culture Bound?

72

(1)

Key Aspects of the Helping Process

73

(3)

Verbal Expressiveness and Self-Disclosure

73

(1)

Setting Long-Term Goals

74

(1)

Changing the Client Versus Changing the Environment

74

(1)

Definitions of Mental Health

75

(1)

Conflicting Cross-Cultural Service Models

76

(4)

Summary

80

(1)

Activities

81

(1)

Introduction to Chapters 5 through 7

82

(1)

Chapter 5 Children and Parents of Color

83

(29)

Three Scenarios

83

(2)

Child Development

85

(11)

Temperament at Birth

85

(1)

Development of Racial Awareness

86

(1)

Racial Awareness and Self-Esteem

86

(1)

Clarifying the Question

87

(2)

Adolescent Racial Identity

89

(2)

Academic Performance and Learning Styles

91

(1)

Cultural Issues in Therapeutic Interventions with Children

92

(4)

Parenting

96

(7)

Creating a Buffer Zone

97

(1)

Parenting for Self-Esteem

98

(1)

Preparing the Child Emotionally for Racism

99

(1)

Preparing the Child Cognitively for Racism

100

(3)

Bicultural Children and Families

103

(6)

Bicultural Couples

103

(2)

Patterns of Bicultural Relationships

105

(1)

Bicultural Children

106

(2)

Adopted Children

108

(1)

Summary

109

(1)

Activities

110

(2)

Chapter 6 Mental Health Issues

112

(24)

Racial Identity and Group Belonging

113

(7)

The Inner Dynamics of Ethnic Identity

113

(3)

Models of Racial Identity Development

116

(1)

Racial Identity Development and the Helping Process

117

(3)

Assimilation and Acculturation

120

(4)

Views of Acculturation

121

(2)

Immigration and Acculturation

123

(1)

Acculturation and Community Breakdown

124

(1)

Stress

124

(2)

Psychological Trauma

126

(2)

Drug and Alcohol Use

128

(6)

Comparing Latinos/as and Asian Americans

130

(3)

The Cultural Meaning of Recovery

133

(1)

Summary

134

(1)

Activities

135

(1)

Chapter 7 Bias in Service Delivery

136

(22)

The Impact of Social, Political, and Racial Attitudes

139

(1)

Who Are the Providers?

140

(1)

Underrepresentation in the Professions

140

(1)

Dissatisfaction Among Providers of Color

141

(4)

The Use of Paraprofessionals

143

(1)

The Use of Traditional Healers

143

(2)

Cultural Aspects of Mental Health Service Delivery

145

(11)

Bias in Conceptualizing Ethnic Populations

145

(4)

Bias in Assessment

149

(2)

Bias in Diagnosis

151

(1)

Cultural Variations in Psychopathology

152

(1)

Cultural Attitudes Toward Mental Health

152

(1)

Cultural Differences in Symptoms, Disorders, and Pathology

153

(1)

The Case of Suicide

154

(2)

Summary

156

(1)

Activities

157

(1)

Chapter 8 Working with Culturally Different Clients

158

(18)

How Is Cross-Cultural Helping Different?

158

(1)

Conceptualizing Cross-Cultural Work

159

(3)

Understanding Difference

160

(1)

Understanding Power

161

(1)

Preparing for Cross-Cultural Work

162

(1)

Assessing Culturally Different Clients

163

(2)

Establishing Rapport and the First Session

165

(3)

Two Case Studies

168

(6)

Summary

174

(1)

Activities

175

(1)

Chapter 9 Addressing Ethnic Conflict, Genocide, and Mass Violence

176

(24)

Historic Trauma and Unresolved Grief among Native Americans

179

(3)

Brave Heart's Cultural Intervention

180

(1)

PTSD in Native American Males

181

(1)

South Africa and Its Truth and Reconciliation Commission

182

(8)

Impact on Victims

183

(1)

Impact on Victims

184

(1)

Impact on Perpetrators

185

(1)

Institute for the Healing of Memories

186

(1)

Forgiveness

187

(1)

Reparations

188

(2)

Holocaust Survivors, Nazis, Their Children, and Reconciliation

190

(5)

Summary

195

(1)

Activities

196

(1)

Introduction to Chapters 10 through 14

197

(3)

Avoiding the Stereotyping of Individual Group Members

197

(1)

The Interviews

198

(2)

Chapter 10 Working with Latino/a Clients: An Interview with Roberto Almanzan

200

(17)

Demographics

200

(1)

Family and Cultural Values

201

(2)

Our Interviewee

203

(1)

The Interview

203

(14)

Chapter 11 Working with Native American Clients: An Interview with Jack Lawson

217

(18)

Demographics

217

(1)

Family and Cultural Values

218

(3)

Our Interviewee

221

(1)

The Interview

221

(14)

Chapter 12 Working with African American Clients: An Interview with Veronique Thompson

235

(19)

Demographics

235

(1)

Family and Cultural Values

235

(5)

Our Interviewee

240

(1)

The Interview

240

(14)

Chapter 13 Working with Asian American Clients: An Interview with Dan Hocoy

254

(20)

Demographics

254

(2)

Family and Cultural Values

256

(2)

Our Interviewee

258

(1)

The Interview

258

(16)

Chapter 14 Working with White Ethnic Clients: An Interview with the Author