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The arches in the library’s main hall are a throwback to the the Bahawalpuri nawabs’ aesthetic | Photos by the writer

Recently on a short trip to Bahawalpur, the city of palaces, I finally got a chance to visit the stately Sadiq Reading Library, also known as the Bahawalpur Central Library.

Just like the oft-photographed stately palaces — Sadiq Garh Palace, Gulzar Mahal and Noor Mahal — the library building is a monument of the Raj era. The architecture is firmly British colonial style, though visitors tend to overlook it.

The foundation stone of the library was laid on March 8, 1924, by two men: Sir Rufus Daniel Issacs, the Earl of Reading, who was also the viceroy and governor-general of India, and the Amir of Bahawalpur.

Back then, Bahawalpur State was ruled by Nawab Sir Sadiq Muhammad Khan V and was one of the wealthiest princely states in the Raj — prominent enough for even Queen Victoria to have visited. The state was later the biggest donor of funds and property when Pakistan was created and finally acceded in 1951.

Monuments of the Raj era, the Bahawalpur Central Library and the adjacent Bahawalpur Museum are worlds unto themselves

Nonetheless, once the foundation stone was laid, the people of Bahawalpur contributed 100,000 rupees for its construction. Currently, the library is under the care of the Punjab government and is the second biggest library in the province.

Quranic verses scripted on deer hides are attributed to Imam Husain

While the temperature outside reached a sweltering 35oC, the inside of the building offered a cooling respite from the summer heat of this desert town.

One of the two prominent features of this library is that upon entering it, one is automatically forced to look up in order to grasp the enormous size of the library and the sheer volume of books neatly stacked all over the place. Then, as you browse around, you get drawn into this wave of history — thanks to the walls adorned with the portraits of all the Nawabs of Bahawalpur and other major figures of the Pakistan Movement. Each portrait is accompanied by a brief biography of the worthy individual.

With more than 100,000 books and well over 15,000 active members, the well-stocked library is a world unto itself. Apart from the main hall, there are two other sections: children’s books and an audio visual archive.

Manuscripts of Guru Granth Sahib

Among the most prized possessions of the library are early editions of Dawn and Pakistan Times — the two newspapers founded by Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. Then there are well-preserved copies of the Holy Quran in beautiful calligraphic styles, some dating back over a century. There are also some Quranic verses on deer hides; these relics are attributed to Imam Husain.

The first editions of travelogues of European travellers going back over two centuries have also been preserved here, as have the Persian editions of Diwan-i-Hafiz, Shahnameh Firdousi, and works by Maulana Rumi. Other rare gems include early editions of Punch, or The London Charivari — a satirical British weekly magazine — the very publication that gave the modern usage of the term cartoon.

A horse drawn carriage used by the nawab of Bahawalpur

Unfortunately, one feels a sense of stagnation at the library, primarily because most of the books are well over 30 years old and there are barely any new stocks. There are some new books on the upper level but usually the area is out of bounds for visitors.

A caretaker at the library laments that most people coming to the library were there to prepare for exams and rarely was anyone there simply for the joy of reading.

A symbol of oppression: the cycle rickshaw

On the way out, near the entrance on the right, is a small hall which houses tiny booths. The caretaker explains that the booth was set up for research scholars: lock yourself in one of these and you are simply far from the maddening crowd.

Right next to the Sadiq Reading Library is the Bahawalpur Museum. Near its entrance is an old Vulcan Foundry locomotive painted in black silver and green. A few years ago, the rusty locomotive was rescued by the Bahawalpur Museum and eventually it was ‘rehablitated’. Not much is known about its history but the museum staff says it was used by the Nawab Sahab. A bogey used by the nawab is rusting away at the hauntingly beautiful but decaying Sadiq Garh Palace in Dera Nawab, along with many vintage cars.

A 1905 copy of a local daily named Paisa Akhbar

The Bahawalpur Museum has been undergoing renovation and rehabilitation for quite some time now. The main entrance is closed due to repair works while a dusty doorway serves as an alternate — giving one no clue as to whether the museum is open or not.

Unlike the well-stocked Lahore Museum, this place is small. Walking around it is like walking through a Pakistan Studies textbook. Of the eight galleries featured here, one focuses solely on the Pakistan Movement. The Gandhara gallery features plenty of replicas which are of interest to history and archaeology enthusiasts.

Another gallery houses items from the personal collection of the nawabs of Bahawalpur including swords, shield bows and arrows, knives, battle armour from the days of the Mughals, old flintlock muskets and three canons.

A 1945 copy of Dawn. The Potsdam meeting was convened by the Allied forces to deliberate the future of Germany which had surrendered in May

Within the Bahawalpur Museum lies one of the darkest secrets of Pakistan — a cycle rickshaw. Not many from the younger generation know of this mode of transportation that has been called ‘colonial’, ‘primitive’, ‘slavery’ and ‘an affront to human dignity.’ Many visitors to the Bahawalpur Museum stand next to the rickshaw or hop on it for touristy photos but not many have thought about how cruel its use was.

For decades, the cycle rickshaw re­m­ained a much cheaper mode of transport as compared to the horse drawn tanga (tonga) and later the rickshaws.

Imagine pulling a weight of 120kg at least (that’s two people in the cart) in the desert, with the merciless sun beating down on you and getting a paltry sum of 10 rupees per trip. This was the cost of a ride from Bahawalpur Station to Lari Adda (bus station) back in the early ’90s.

Finally in 1992, the government put its foot down and stopped the use of this vehicle. This is around the time when the yellow cab scheme was launched. Outside the Bahawalpur Station, where the maximum number of cycle rickshaws was found, are now many metro cabs and private rental cars. Thankfully this symbol of human oppression is now confined to the museum.

On DawnNews

Comments (7) Closed

Mohsin

Jun 11, 2017 10:59am

More awareness should be created about Bahawalpur and its palaces. Great potential for attracting visitors.

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dr.attique

Jun 11, 2017 01:32pm

bahawalpur is d place of worth seeing..but v.sorry to say its being neglected by govt of pakistan till now..
No single addition to bahawalpur city except a medical college and university established way back in 70s..pathetic.

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Rahul

Jun 11, 2017 09:03pm

The princely states of Pakistan Bahawalpur, chitral, Khuzdar etc. Should have left as such.

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Bored

Jun 12, 2017 04:17pm

And the beautiful language of Saraiki is being diminished under Urdu!

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Waqar (UK)

Jun 13, 2017 04:09pm

Wow, the library looks similar in design to the Apple store in Birmingham UK, which is also a grade two listed building.

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sri

Jun 13, 2017 05:10pm

A cycle rickshaw is not a symbol of oppression. Its a mode of transport. It is still in vogue and a vestige of a bygone era. Now its a symbol of poverty.

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Exlim

Jun 13, 2017 11:35pm

The Rickshaw, a symbol of oppression? How so? It's a common mode of transportation in many poor countries and provides someone a means to earn a living.