Child Health Nursing Research publishes high-quality papers covering the most recent clinically and academically relevant topics in health care and nursing for infants, children, adolescents, and families. The journal publishes papers that address not only research, theory, and practice in a wide range of child health nursing areas, but also relevant cultural issues.

This journal is published for health care professionals and administrators serving infants, children, adolescents, and families, including nurses, midwives, physicians, developmental specialists, public health workers, social scientists, child health educators, epidemiologists, and other health caregivers in child care and welfare.

The ultimate goal of Child Health Nursing Research is to develop a body of knowledge, while improving the clinical field and community with evidence-based practices to promote the health of children and families all over the world.

Research and Publication Ethics

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Human Rights and Protection

1) IRB regulation: CHNR endorses and follows international standards of ethical practice in human rights and protection and the principles addressed in the Declaration of Helsinki (Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects, https://www.wma.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/DoH-Oct2013-JAMA.pdf). According to the Bioethics and Biosafety Act of Korea and in order to meet international standards for ethical practice in human rights and protection, any research involving human subjects must be approved by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). The researcher(s) must also obtain written voluntary informed consent from the participants or their parent or legal guardian. If the research involves a child or any vulnerable subject in any way, special and sensitive protection is needed to ensure the safety and human rights of the subject. When necessary, the editor of CHNR may ask the author(s) to present the relevant document(s) on the human rights and protection issues related to the manuscript, such as the informed consent form or the evidence for the IRB approval of the study.

2) When animals are used as research subjects, the study must be conducted in correspondence with related regulations such as those of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs), or National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Any treatment methods in conflict with the regulations must be described and may be grounds for rejection of the paper.

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Authorship

The research and publication ethics of CHNR strictly follow the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines (http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html), which state that authorship credit should be based on all of the following: substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; ANDdrafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; ANDfinal approval of the version to be published; ANDagreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. All other contributors should be credited in the acknowledgments.

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Submission Declaration

Duplicate publication or duplicate submission is prohibited. Manuscripts that have been published or are being submitted to other journal(s) should not be submitted to CHNR. Manuscripts that have been published or are currently under consideration for publication in CHNR must not be submitted to another journal. Upon notice of a duplicate submission, submission privileges to CHNR will be suspended for 2 years.

1) Decision criteria for duplicate publication: The manuscript has never been published in another language, or in any medium—print, electronic media, or an academic journal.

2) The corresponding author must obtain approval from the editor-in-chief of each of the related journals if s/he wishes to reprint the published manuscript in another language.

3) The editorial board will determine the nature and degree of duplicate publication or duplicate submission of the manuscript.

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Copyright

1) After the acceptance of the manuscript, the author must submit the copyright transfer agreement to the Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing. All authors should print their names and sign the copyright transfer agreement.

2) All manuscripts published in Child Health Nursing Research are protected by copyright. The copyright and the transfer right of the digital content of the published paper and journal are owned by the Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing. All authors should agree to the copyright transfer during the submission process.

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Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statements

The publication and research ethics of CHNR strictly follow the ICMJE guidelines (http://www.icmje.org/).

1) Reporting standards: Authors should report on their work accurately and objectively without inappropriate manipulation. Authors should describe their methods and procedures in enough detail and present sufficient references so that others can replicate the work. Authors should not produce, record, or report non-existent data and results, and should not change or omit data. Authors should also avoid producing multiple publications (“salami slicing”) from content that should be only one substantial manuscript. Manuscripts that do not follow the international ethical standards of research and publication (i.e., those that involve fabrication, falsification, salami slicing, plagiarism, or simultaneous/duplicate submission) will not be considered for publication in CHNR. The editorial board will adjudicate the specific reasons for rejection.

2) Authorship of the manuscript: Authorship must be limited to those who have made a substantial contribution to the manuscript in terms of the conception and design, as well as the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data. All authors should be involved in drafting and revising the manuscript, and must approve the final version of the manuscript. The corresponding author should confirm that all appropriate persons are listed as authors in the manuscript, and all co-authors should approve the final version to be published.

3) Originality and plagiarism: Authors are required to submit original manuscripts, and confirm that they have cited or quoted others’ ideas and texts appropriately and accurately. Plagiarism means the appropriation of another person’s ideas, research processes, results, or text as one’s own. This includes using previously published material of oneself or any other author without citing the reference. The editorial board of CHNR uses the CrossCheck tool to check for plagiarism. If plagiarism is discovered in the manuscript, the manuscript will not be published.

4) Multiple, simultaneous, or duplicate submission: Authors should not submit the same research to more than one journal and should not publish the manuscript in different languages. If authors wish to pursue a secondary publication of the manuscript in another language, they should obtain approval from the editor-in-chief of both related journals. The editorial board will determine the nature and degree of duplicate publication or duplicate submission for the manuscript.

5) Data access and retention: Authors should retain research data and be prepared to allow access to the data in case the editorial board asks them to provide the raw data in connection with editorial review.

6) Disclosure and conflict of interest: Authors are required to disclose commercial or similar relationships to products or companies mentioned in the article being submitted or related to its subject matter.

7) Acknowledgment of sources: Sources of funding for the manuscript should be acknowledged. Authors should use or report the information obtained privately with explicit, written permission from sources.

8) Fundamental errors in a manuscript: When authors find a fundamental error in a published manuscript, they should immediately inform the editor and cooperate with the editor to correct or withdraw the manuscript.

9) Process for managing publication malpractice: When reviewers or readers suspect publication malpractice such as fabrication, falsification, salami slicing, plagiarism, or simultaneous/duplicate publication, the process of resolution will be initiated following the flowchart provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). (http://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts). The editorial board will discuss and adjudicate the suspected publication malpractice, as well as complaints and appeals against editors.

Submission and Review System

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Types of Manuscripts

This journal publishes original research, theory, and review papers on health care and nursing for infants, children, adolescents, and families.

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Authors of Manuscripts

1) Anyone may submit a manuscript for publication in CHNR. If at least one of the authors is a member of the Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing, the paper will qualify for a discounted submission and publication fee structure.

2) If the manuscript is the product of a dissertation, the author must disclose that the manuscript is the product of a dissertation for an academic degree program. The first author must be the author of the dissertation.

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Submission of Manuscripts

1) The manuscript must be submitted online through http://www.e-chnr.org/ (website of Child Health Nursing Research) or http://www.childnursing.or.kr (website of the Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing). There, authors may review the submission instructions and access all submission forms, including the author checklist.

2) More details on other pertinent regulations are available on the website of the journal. Should there be any question on how to use the online submission system, authors may contact the editorial office of CHNR.

3) After the acceptance of the manuscript, the author must submit the copyright transfer agreement and conflict of interest disclosure statement. All forms (the author’s checklist, copyright transfer agreement, and disclosure of conflicts of interest) are available on the websites of the journal (http://www.e-chnr.org/) and the Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing (http://www.childnursing.or.kr).

4) All authors should print their names and sign the copyright transfer agreement and conflict of interest disclosure form.

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Review of Manuscripts

1) Manuscripts which do not meet the submission requirements will not be processed for peer review.

2) All manuscripts are treated as confidential. They are peer reviewed by at least 3 anonymous qualified reviewers within a few days of submission to determine whether they adhere to the journal’s policies and fit the submission guidelines.

3) The editor-in-chief of CHNR will make the final decision regarding the manuscript’s publication based on the reviewers’ comments and the scientific merits of the manuscript.

4) Any potential or existing conflict and issues in the manuscript must be discussed in detail with the editorial board.

5) The author is responsible for the following fees: a publication fee, a special typesetting fee, and the printing fee for each volume of the paper.

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Archiving of Manuscripts

All manuscripts published in CHNR are freely available through open access to read and download from any electronic link, including those found on the CHNR website (http://www.e-chnr.org/) immediately and permanently after publication. In the event CHNR is no longer published, previously published articles will continue to be available via ScienceCentral and/or KoreaMed.

Guidelines for Manuscript Preparation

1. General Information

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Manuscript length: The manuscript including the abstract, text, references, tables, and figures should be no more than 20 pages and no more than 6,000 words. Manuscripts exceeding 20 pages or 6,000 words will not be accepted.

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Manuscript layout: The manuscript should be typed in a file compatible with Hancom Office, Hanword, or Microsoft Word with an A4 paper size layout. The margins of the paper should be set as follows: top 30 mm, bottom 25 mm, left 25 mm, and right 25 mm. A 10-point font size should be used, and the text should be double-spaced.

Abbreviations used: If authors choose to use an English abbreviation, the full spelling must be used upon first mention, and the abbreviation may be used thereafter. The title should not include any abbreviations.

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Samples and participants: Authors should confirm the correct use of the words “sex” (when reporting biological factors) and “gender” (identity, psychosocial, or cultural factors), and report the sex or gender of study participants. If the study was done involving an exclusive population, authors should explain the reason. Authors should define how they determined race or ethnicity and justify its relevance.

Prior approval for the use of psychosocial questionnaires (survey tools): Authors must acquire permission for the utilization of any psychosocial questionnaire from the tool’s copyright holder.

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Describing machinery or technical equipment: When identifying machinery and equipment, the following should be included in parentheses: the model, manufacturer, city, and country. Brand names are identified by ™, ®, etc. Brand names should be used only when necessary.

When the manuscript is submitted, references and citations may follow any accepted style: NLM, APA, etc. However, after the manuscript is accepted, all references and citations must be converted to follow Citing Medicine:The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, 2nd Edition (2007). It is the responsibility of the submitting author(s) to confirm that NLM style guidelines are adhered to prior to final publication.

2. Sequence Headings of the Original Article

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The manuscript should be organized in the following order: Cover letter, title page, article title, abstract and keywords, text, references, tables, and figures. Each section should be clearly delineated.

③ Author(s): This section should list the names of all authors, each with their highest academic degree and affiliation including title, department, and the name and location of institutions to which the work should be attributed.

④Name of corresponding author: The corresponding author should be identified with the full mailing address, email, phone, fax, and DOI number.

⑤Additional comments: Any matter pertaining to the research should be noted here, such as the source of research funds, conflicts of interest, or indication that the manuscript is derived from a dissertation or thesis for an academic degree program.

⑥Keywords: The keywords are drawn from the MeSH list.

⑦Number of words of the English abstract: The number of words in the English abstract should be noted. The total should be no more than 200 words.

⑧Number of references: The number of references should be noted and should be no more than 30.

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Abstract and keywords

An abstract of up to 200 words for articles (including reviews) should be typed double-spaced on a separate page. It should cover the main factual points, including statements of the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. The abstract should be accompanied by a list of three to five keywords for indexing purposes. The keywords should be a specific as possible and drawn from the list of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) keywords (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html).

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Text

①The text should be composed in the following order: introduction, methods, results, discussion, conclusion, conflict of interest statement, and references.

② Introduction: This section should clearly state the need for this study and the main question or hypothesis of the study. A literature review or summary of background information related to the study should be presented.

③ Methods: This section should describe the study design, setting and samples, ethical considerations, measurements/instruments, data collection/procedure, and data analysis used. If the study is qualitative, the research instrument can be omitted.

④ Results: The main results should be summarized in concise paragraphs. Levels of statistical significance and confidence intervals should be noted where appropriate.

⑤ Discussion: The discussion should be based only on the reported results. It is recommended that the discussion reflect advances in nursing practice, and nursing knowledge development.

⑥ Conclusion: Conclusions and recommendations for further study should be presented here, but the study results should not be summarized again.

⑦ Conflict of interest: Authors are required to disclose commercial or similar relationships to products or companies mentioned in or related to the subject matter of the article being submitted. If there are no conflicts of interest, the following is an example of a sentence that can be used: “No existing or potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.”

3. Table, Figure, Picture

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Tables and figures, including illustrations and photos, should be presented or described in English. The total number of tables and figures is no more than 5 in a manuscript. The figures should be on separate pages.

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All tables and figures should be easy to understand, even when presented separately from the rest of the manuscript, and should present information relevant to the study.

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Table formatting

① All lines are to be single. Vertical lines should not be used.

② The title of a table should appear above the table. Within the title, the first letter of important words should be capitalized (title case).

Example: Table 1. Responses to Question Types

③Tables should be numbered consecutively, e.g., Table 1., Table 2., and so on.

④ Table data should be explained in footnotes. All abbreviations used in the tables should be defined in the footnotes to every table in which they appear.

Example: HR=Heart rate, T=Temperature

⑤ When making reference to the footnotes section, these symbols should be used in the following order: *, †, ‡, §, ||, ¶, #, **, ††. The footnotes should appear below the table, and each should follow the relevant symbol.

Example: *Surviving case; †Deceased case.

⑥ If the value of a decimal exceeds 1, a 0 should appear before the decimal point; otherwise, nothing should appear before the decimal point.

Example: t=0.26, F=0.92

Example: p <.001, r=.01, R2=.61

⑦ The statistical significance (p value) should be written without a footnote and should be rounded to three decimal places.

(For example: p =.003)

If p is 0.000, then indicate that p is less than 0.001 (p <.001).

If p is 1.000, then indicate that p is greater than 0.999 (p >.999).

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Paintings and Photograph Format Rules

① The title should appear below an image. Only the first letter of the first word should be capitalized (sentence case).

② The size of the image should be 102 × 152 mm (4 × 6 inches). Larger images may be permitted; however, each image should not exceed 203 × 254 mm (8 × 10 inches).

③ If one figure contains 2 or more images, consecutive alphabet letters should be used to distinguish among the images.

Example: Figure 1-A, Figure 1-B

④ In the case of a photomicrograph of a tissue sample, the region from which the tissue was extracted from and the staining method should be noted. The magnification scale must be included.

⑤ The following symbols should be used in graphs in the following order: , ▒, ▶, , , , ▷, .

4. Quotations from Other Sources

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Citations may follow any style, for example, NLM, APA, etc. However, after the manuscript is accepted, all references and citations must follow Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, 2nd Edition (2007).

5. Reference List

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After the manuscript is accepted, all references and citations must follow Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, 2nd Edition (2007). References should be numbered serially in the order of appearance in the text, with numbers in brackets [ ]. If a reference is cited more than once, the original reference number should be used.

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References should be written in English and listed according to Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, 2nd Edition (2007). Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the references.

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If there are 7 or more authors of a cited work, the first 6 should be listed, followed by “et al.”

Yoon SH, Kim SJ. A study on the relativeness between safety knowledge and safety behavior of elementary school children. Journal of the Korean Society of School Health [Internet]. 2012 June [cited 2017 November 7];25(1):39-50. Available from: http://www.jkssh.or.kr/journal/view.html?uid=81&page=&sort=&scale=10&all_k=&s_t=&s_a=&s_k=&s_v=25&s_n=1&spage=&pn=search&year=&vmd=Full.

Bell JM. Highlights from the 10th international family nursing conference. Making family nursing visible: From knowledge building to knowledge translation 10th international family nursing conference; 2011 June 24-48; Kyoto International Conference Center. Kyoto: Sage Publications; 2012. P. 135-139.