Describe the differences between single row and multiple row functions

Single row functions return one result per row.

Single row functions:

Manipulate data items
Accept arguments and return one value
Act on each row that is returned
Return one result per row
May modify the data type
Can be nested
Accept arguments that can be a column or an expression

Character functions

Case manipulation functions
LOWER
UPPER
INITCAP

Using character, number, and date functions in SELECT statements[edit]

Manipulate strings with character function in the SELECT and WHERE clauses