It’s all good: Any exercise cuts risk of death, study finds

MARILYNN MARCHIONE

AP Chief Medical Writer

In this Nov. 22 file photo, a runner is silhouetted against the sunrise on his early morning workout near Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va., across the Potomac River from the nation's capital. Research released Jan. 9 suggests that people who pack their workouts into one or two days a week lower their risk of dying as much as those who exercise more often, as long as they get enough of it. (AP photo)

Weekend warriors, take a victory lap. People who pack their workouts into one or two sessions a week lower their risk of dying over roughly the next decade nearly as much as people who exercise more often, new research suggests.

Even people who get less exercise than recommended have less risk than folks who don’t break a sweat at all.

“If someone is completely inactive, the best thing they can do is even getting out and taking a walk,” said Hannah Arem, a health researcher at George Washington University. For people who think they don’t have enough time for small amounts of exercise to matter, the results are “encouraging or perhaps motivating,” she said.

She had no role in the study, but wrote a commentary published with the results Jan. 9, in JAMA Internal Medicine.

Here are some things to know.

HOW MUCH EXERCISE DO WE NEED?

U.S. and global guidelines call for 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise each week, ideally spread out so you get some on most days.

That’s based on many previous studies suggesting a host of benefits beyond the risk of premature death that this study measured.

HOW THE STUDY WAS DONE

Researchers at Loughborough University in England used surveys by trained interviewers on nearly 64,000 adults in England and Scotland from 1994 to 2008. By last year, 8,802 had died.

Participants were grouped according to how much exercise they said they got the preceding month:

• Inactive (no leisure time exercise), 63 percent.

• Regular exercisers (meet the guidelines), 11 percent.

• Weekend warriors (get the recommended weekly amount but in one or two sessions), 4 percent.

The risk of dying was about 30 percent lower in weekend warriors and insufficient exercisers versus those who were inactive. Regular exercisers lowered their risk a little more, by 35 percent.

Any amount of activity helped cut the risk of dying of heart disease by about 40 percent, compared to being a couch potato.

DOES THIS MEAN THE GUIDELINES ARE BUNK?

No, independent experts say. Exercise has many other benefits such as helping to prevent dementia, depression, high blood pressure, unhealthy sleep patterns and diabetes. Some of these effects are short-lived, so exercising more often gives more of them, Arem said.

“I don’t know that we’re ready to say, based on this study, that people shouldn’t try to exercise more than that if they can,” said Dr. Daniel Rader, preventive cardiology chief at the University of Pennsylvania. “People who exercise more regularly report that they feel like they have a better quality of life,” among other benefits, he said.

Still, the results are “quite fascinating and a bit surprising” on the “dose” of exercise needed for benefit, Rader said. “Even if you only have time to do something once a week, this study would suggest it’s still worth doing.”

CAVEATS TO THE STUDY

More than 90 percent of the participants were white, so results may differ in other racial or ethnic groups. Exercise was only assessed at the start of the study and could have changed over time.

The biggest limitation is that observational studies like this can only suggest exercise and health risks may be related; they cannot prove the point.