Here the Entities with a Trailing Slash are Directories.
Again execute to List the Downloads Folder on your Home:

ls ~/Downloads

Or also:

ls $HOME/Downloads

Next to List the Main System’s Root Directory:
(The Root of What? Of the System’s Directory Tree.)

ls /

Furthermore to List the usr Directory:

ls /usr

Finally to List the Nested bin Directory into the usr one:

ls /usr/bin

Next practice the Change Directory directive
Change to the Root Directory:

cd /

* Again find out how ‘cd‘ is an Abridgement of ‘changing directory‘ *
Then Go to /usr/bin:

cd /usr/bin

Now to Navigate to the Parent Use the ‘..‘!
So Back to the root with:

cd ../..

(It’s like to say: ‘One Step Back and then One Step Back’ again)
Finally to Return Home is simple as:

cd

Hey Congratulations! You achieved the First Walk into the Linux Directory Tree :)

Furthermore about Linux Terminology, there are 3 different Entities Appelled as ‘Root’:

The System’s root: /

The root Directory: /root

The root User: the SuperAdmin than can Execute Any Command

Again experiment yours Creative powersMaking a test Directory like:

mkdir $HOME/livingroom

* See how ‘mkdir‘ is an Abbreviation of ‘making directory‘ *

How you should have already understood, $HOME and ‘~‘ are both synonymous of your’s Home Folder.And the Home Directory is where your’s User Contents are Stored by Default.

Moreover, to enhance your Memorization and Fun I rightly Use some Metaphoric term. So here you can Immagine a directory like a Room into your Home :)

Try Making Multiple Directories at once with:

mkdir $HOME/bedroom $HOME/bathroom $HOME/garden

Finally use the ‘touch‘ Command to Make a New Empty File:

touch $HOME/livingroom/box

And how you could already have perceived I Make Use Here of the following Mnemonic Linking:

Directory -> Spatial Entity

File -> Thing

And so in the Previous Command to an ‘Empty File’ corresponds an ‘Empty Thing’ like a ‘box’ ;)

Experiment How to Copy Directories and Files

To Copy a Single File:
* As in the other cases here ‘cp‘ is the Abbreviation for ‘copying‘ *

cp $HOME/livingroom/box $HOME/bedroom/

You see how in this Example we moved our ‘box’ from the ‘livingroom’ to the ‘bedroom’ :)

Now verify the correctness of the operation Listing your’s bedroom contents:

ls $HOME/bedroom/

And the Output will exactly display as:

box

Now for Instance to Copy a Single Directory inside to another do:

cp -r $HOME/livingroom $HOME/garden

List the ‘garden’ contents:

ls $HOME/garden

And you’ll Find:

livingroom

Now you have also a ‘livingroom’ copy into your ‘garden’ O:

Moreover to Copy-Duplicate-Rename a Directory:

First to be sure you are again into the $HOME area:

cd

And then Make a newly duplicated room do:

cp -r ./livingroom ./room

Finally, to Copy-Displace-Rename at the same time:

cp -r $HOME/livingroom $HOME/bedroom/wardrobe

But this is Magically Crazy, we have trasformed our ‘livingroom’ into a ‘wardrobe’ inside to the ‘bedroom’ :))

Next Experiments the Dynamics of Files and Directories
And in this Moving dimension Files or Directories are taken as the Same.
* Again you find here the ‘mv‘ Command as a Contraction of ‘moving‘ *
So now for instance Make and Empty ‘bottle’:

touch ~/livingroom/bottle

And then we Displace it in another Room:

mv ~/livingroom/bottle ~/bedroom/

Then verify Listing the ‘bedroom’ contents:

ls ~/bedroom/

And what you Find? The:

bottle

Also if only an empty one, sorry :))

Again you can Move & Rename at the same time like:

mv ~/bedroom/bottle ~/bathroom/can

Here we have magically trasformed an empty ‘bottle’ inside the ‘bedroom’ in an empty ‘can’ inside to the ‘bathroom’.
And as I said in the introduction the Command for Directories works the Same!
So now ‘Like Alice in the Wonderland’ we Move the Directory ‘livingroom’ we set into the ‘garden’ in a ‘teapot’ in the bedroom!

(To Protect Your System from the possible Damages of an Hazardous ‘Crazy’ Command Execution the Logout ‘Should’ be Executed Every Time a Conscious and Meaningful Series of Commands has been Achieved… )
Finally to Execute a Single Command as SuperUser:

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"If you hold to my Teaching, you are really my disciples.
Then you will know the Truth, and the Truth will set you Free!"

John 8:31-32

"Truly I tell you, unless you change and become like little children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven. Therefore, whoever takes the lowly position of this child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven."

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