The Rise of the English NovelEnglish literature has a long and colorful history. From the masterfully written old English tales of Chaucer to the countless Shakespearian dramas to the poetic verses of Tennyson, England has produced some of the richest treasures of the literary world. Not until the eighteenth century, however, did a type of literature develop that completely broke the traditions of the past and opened the door to a whole new generation of writers. This new genre was appropriately called the English novel, and it helped to change the literary landscape forever. The English novel was not only a genre within itself, but it also formed several sub genres including historical, gothic, sentimental, epistolary and bildungsroman novels. The works within the genre were so diverse that many different types of authors were able to write according to their own styles and preferences. The development of the novel changed literature not only in England, but throughout the world.

The English novel is a type of literature “such as was never heard of in the world before (Longman 3069),” as Daniel Defoe says in his masterpiece novel Robinson Crusoe. While it was not the only new form of literature that was emerging during the eighteenth century, it was the form that best broke from tradition. The novel rejected the norms of the literary past and began to exhibit the originality that was coming to be valued in English culture. The new characteristics of the novel separated it from anything that had ever been done before. During the Renaissance, there had been a growing tendency to place more emphasis on individual experience rather than collective tradition. Writers like Milton, Chaucer, Spenser, and even the legendary Greek and Roman poets had derived most of their plots from mythology, history, legend or previous literature. Daniel Defoe and Samuel Richardson were the first to take the emerging trends of individuality and originality and apply them to literature. Their stories were completely unique and used realism to show how people actually live (Watt 14). As the English novel developed the idea of characterization changed dramatically. A wide variety of characters and settings began to be used like “a man on an island, a servant-girl under siege, or a solitary eccentric oddly recapturing his prenatal past” (Longman 3067)

Another characteristic of the novel is the use of ordinary names for people instead of symbolic names. For years writers gave characters names that made references to mythology or contained some type of description of the person. Keeping with the idea of representing real life, novelists broke from this tradition and gave their characters more common names (Watt 19). Early novelists had a strong affiliation with the philosophers of their time. Writers like Locke and Hume wanted to create a more realistic world and claimed that our personal identity is based on memory. Novelists began to explore this concept in their works and used everyday language to convey their ideas (23). The novelist Clara Reeve makes a clear distinction between the novel and previous forms of literature in her literary history The Progress of Romance:

The novel gives a familiar relation of such things as everyday pass before our eyes, such as may happen to our friend, or to ourselves; and the perfection of it is to represent every scene in so natural a manner… (Longman 3066)

In this passage Reeve states that literature no longer had to fit an ideal form and was no longer limited to telling stories based on fantasy and imagination. The novel allowed writers to show real people in real situations and allowed the readers to connect to the plot and the characters like never before.

The rise of the English novel had a huge impact on literature in Britain, but what spurred the formation of such an untraditional form of literature in the eighteenth century? In The Rise of the Novel, Ian Watt says that...

YOU MAY ALSO FIND THESE DOCUMENTS HELPFUL

...﻿William goldings
William Golding was born September 19, 1911, in Saint Columb Minor, Cornwall, England. In 1935 he started teaching English and philosophy in Salisbury. He temporarily left teaching in 1940 to join the Royal Navy. In 1954 he published his first novel, Lord of the Flies. In 1983, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. On June 19, 1993, he died in Perranarworthal, Cornwall, England. While Golding was mainly a novelist, his body of work also includes poetry, plays, essays and short stories.
William Golding was born on September 19, 1911, in Saint Columb Minor, Cornwall, England. He was raised in a 14th-century house next door to a graveyard. His mother, Mildred, was an active suffragette who fought for women’s right to vote. His father, Alex, worked as a schoolmaster. William received his early education at the school his father ran, Marlborough Grammar School. When William was just 12 years old, he attempted, unsuccessfully, to write a novel. A frustrated child, he found an outlet in bullying his peers. Later in life, William would describe his childhood self as a brat, even going so far as to say, “I enjoyed hurting people.” After primary school, William went on to attend Brasenose College at Oxford University. His father hoped he would become a scientist, but William opted to study English literature instead. In 1934, a year before he graduated, William published his...

...The rise of the novel
At the end of the 18th century a new literary genre started developing all over Europe: the Novel.
It was a revolution whose roots were as old as the other literary genres. In fact, this new way of writing borrowed many narrative forms from other genres, such as diaries, biographies of adventurers, travellers’ tales and so on.
But now let’s focus our attention on the main causes of the naissance and of the success of thenovel:
• The augmentation of learned people, thanks to the increasing number of schools and the introduction of the compulsory school system.
• The proliferation of newspapers, such as the Tartler and the Observer, made people more learned and interested, so they started asking for more books and readings to improve their education and cultural knowledge.
• People needed a new sort of entertainment, since theatres had been closed.
• The need of a new literary genre (apparently) more simple than poetry, but anyway able to convey important messages.
• The increase in the number of circulating libraries, which permitted people to borrow books with little expense.
• The improvement in printing technology that induced books to be cheaper and faster to print.
Anyway, Novel acquired its definitive organic structure, thanks to some important writers:
DANIEL DEFOE: he created the first “fictional world”, combining fictional material...

...to assess the (i) general awareness/general knowledge, (ii) knowledge of elementary mathematic, (iii) analytical aptitude and ability to observe the distinguish patters and to test the (iv) basic knowledge of the candidates in English/Hindi. The questions will be set both in Hindi and English. The papers can be answered either in Hindi or in English. The duration of the Written Test will be 2 hours. Contd..6
(iv)
:: 6:: 8. HOW TO APPLY AND BY WHICH DATE a) Application in the prescribed format at Annexure-I either downloaded from BSF website or type written on one side only in foolscap plain paper with passport size photographs affixing on application duly attested by a Gazette officer with seal be sent to concerned Headquarter, under which their state falls, on or before 30 days after publication of this advertisement in Employment News through post alongwith following documents. b) Postal order or Demand Draft for Rs. 50/- in favour of Concerned IG/DIG/Commandant payable at bank of concerned Headquarter, under which their state falls, as mentioned against each with Code No. However, no postal order or Demand Draft is required to be sent by SC/ST candidates and Exservicemen. c) Candidates are requested to fill up application form in Hindi or English language. d) Attested copies of certificate/testimonial as proof of Educational qualification and age/date of birth and a trade proficiency certificate. e) Attested...

... 1. Saki
Saki (1870-1916): Scottish novelist, short story writer, and journalist whose real name was Hector Hugh Munro. Saki wrote humorous essays and stories that are frequently described as flippant (lacking proper respect or seriousness), witty, ironic, and cynical.
The Open Window
“My aunt will be down presently, Mr. Nuttel,” said a very self-possessed young lady of fifteen; “in the meantime you must try and put up with me.”
Framton Nuttel endeavored to say the correct something which should duly flatter the niece of the moment without unduly discounting the aunt that was to come. Privately he doubted more than ever whether these formal visits on a succession of total strangers would do much towards helping the nerve cure which he was supposed to be undergoing.
“I know how it will be,” his sister had said when he was preparing to migrate to this rural retreat; “you will bury yourself down there and not speak to a living soul, and your nerves will be worse than ever from moping. I shall just give you letters of introduction to all the people I know there. Some of them, as far as I can remember, were quite nice.”
Framton wondered whether Mrs. Sappleton, the lady to whom he was presenting one of the letters of introduction, came into the nice division.
“Do you know many of the people round here?” asked the niece, when she judged that they had had sufficient silent communion.
“Hardly a soul,” said Framton. “My sister was staying here, at the rectory, you know,...

...
Percy Jackson is a loser. At least that is what he thinks. he has ADHD, his mom has a lousy
alcoholic­junkie boyfriend, and he has dyslexia. All of these things will soon make sense to
him when he finds out that he is a demigod. He doesn’t know exactly where life is going for
him, he just knows that he will live. In the novel Percy Jackson And The Olympians: The
Lightning Thief, Percy embarks on adventure he never thought possible. Universally, many
themes appear in this story, but the top 3 that would be appreciate to highlight would be,
feeling like you don’t fit in, character redemption, and realizing that you, as a person have
faults. The main character, at the start of the book, definitely feel like an outsider. he never
feel like he belongs until he arrives at Camp half blood.
The first obstacle in the path of the character is confronting the God of war Ares. this is a
major obstacle because Ares does not have a good track record with Ares because one of his
many Children, Clarisse, hates his guts. She picks him out as the outcast as soon as he
arrives on Camp Half Blood. Percy goes there to train in combat as a demigod. Evidently, he
doesn't have many friends, with the exception of his childhood friend Grover Underwood and
an ally he finds later, Annabeth Chase. these two characters actually help Percy on his quest
to clear his name. Now that Ares is their main obstacle, Ares and Percy have a battle to the ...

...﻿“A PERFECT WORLD IS A WORLD WITHOUT DISCRIMINATION”
I partially disagree about this topic “a perfect world is a world without discrimination”. Discrimination is treating people by their differences. We all need a world with good discrimination, not bad discrimination. In this Essay I’m going to discuss three reasons to support my arguments. Vincent’s discriminated in Gattaca is a bad form, will discrimination still exists in today’s world, and also racism is important form of discrimination. Imagine a future without discrimination or lack of understands. Discrimination has always existed in society. In today’s world discrimination will continuously be part of nature and is necessary as I will outline.
Vincent is in-valid and he faces genetic discrimination and prejudice in the movie Gattaca. The only way he can achieve his dream of becoming an astronaut is to become Valid, a person who impersonates a “valid” with a superior genetic profile. Discrimination in Gattaca is so logical, “I belonged to a new underclass, no longer determined by social status or the color of your skin. No, we now have discrimination down to a science.” This quote shows us that Vincent is having a hard time of achieve his dream. Vincent almost takes it granted in his daily life. But in the end he achieves his long-life dream of becoming an astronaut is to break the law and impersonate a “valid”. Vincent’s successes at Gattaca space preforms better the Irene –who is a “valid”, and shows that...

...﻿Choose 4 poems that are about the experience of parent/child relationships. Compare and contrast the situations in the poems and the poets' attitudes to them. (You must include at least one poem from each of the Gillian Clarke, Seamus Heaney and pre-1914 banks)
The poems I will be looking at are "Catrin" and "Cold Knap Lake" by Gillian Clarke, "Follower" and "Digging" by Seamus Heaney and two pre-1914 poems, "The Song of the Old Mother" and "On My First Sonne". What unites all 6 poems is that all six look - from different angles and at different points in time - at relationships between a parent and a child.
"Follower" and "Digging" are both from the son's perspective and are interesting because both see the relationship through the eyes of a child who hero-worshipped his father:
"I wanted to grow up and plough
To close one eye, stiffen my arm" ("Follower" lines 17-18)
And then the adult who leaves behind his idolatry and breaks with family tradition:
"But I've no spade to follow men like them" ("Digging" line 28)
And the relationship even follows Heaney's father into his old age and senility, where he becomes effectively the child to his son:
"... Today
It is my father who keeps stumbling
Behind me... "
At which point Heaney comments guiltily:
" ... and will not go away"
Similarly, "Catrin" sees the parent/child relationship, over a period of time, though not a whole life time, and this time it...