On February 17, 1899, Hubert C. Avery, captain of the 1899 Kansas football team, was married to Nellie Criss.[4]

In June 1899, the University of Kansas Athletic Association offered Nebraska football coach Fielding H. Yost $350 and an additional $150 conditionally to coach the school's football team.[5] He accepted the offer on June 7, 1899.[4] After spending the summer in Colorado, Yost arrived in Lawrence, Kansas, on September 4, 1899,[6] and football practice began the following day.[4]

On September 19, 1899, the Lawrence Daily Journal reported on a practice football game in which 37-year-old Dr. James Naismith (the coach of the Kansas basketball team and inventor of the sport) played against the 13-man varsity squad. The Journal reported that the varsity squad played with "snap and vigor" and credited Yost's coaching: "Coach Yost is giving his men instructions as to how to play to prevent gains when the other side has the ball, and though the Kansas line this year will be a light one, compared with what it has been in previous years, the boys are being coached so that they will be able to hold a much heavier lot of men."[7]

On September 21, 1899, the Journal reported in further detail on Yost's training sessions, noting that the afternoon's practice began with a focus on punting and catching the ball. The Journal also reported on the arrival of Moore, a newly enrolled and "remarkably quick and steady" halfback and noted that the team as a whole was "developing into a remarkably fast lot of players."[8]

One of the changes instituted by Yost was described in a press account as follows: "The Kansas boys have lived separate from the rest of the students and ate specially selected and prepared food for the last two months [October and November], with Coach Yost as their only mentor."[9] Yost also reportedly developed 25 "trick plays" that he practiced with his Kansas players, "but never had occasion to use one of them."[10]

On September 30, 1899, Kansas opened its season with a 12–0 victory over the Haskell Indians before a crowd of 500 spectators at McCook Field in Lawrence.[11] All 12 points were scored in the second half, and the Lawrence Daily Journal reported that the score was the result of "the wonderful hard work of Moore."[12] The playing field was "hard, rough and dusty", and the Journal called it one of the "roughest games ever played at Lawrence," noting that a number of Haskell players were "seriously hurt" and that two "were in violent convulsions for a short time after their injuries."[12] Questions were raised after the Haskell game as to the amateur status of all of the Kansas players.[13]

On October 7, 1899, Kansas defeated the team from Washburn University by a 35–0 score in Lawrence. Tucker ran for two touchdowns for Kansas.[14] The Lawrence Daily Journal reported that the Washburn team was "as weak as ever" and credited the performance of Tucker, Avery, Wilcox, Nofsinger, and Moore. The Journal also noted that, during the game, "dust arose in clouds as the players moved back and forth across the field, and it was impossible to tell who had carried the ball until after the dust had been blown aside."[15]

On October 14, 1899, Kansas played the team from Ottawa University, a team that was "regarded as one of the strongest in the state."[16] Kansas won the game by a 29–6 score in Lawrence. According to a press account, the "feature of the game was Captain Avery's long run for a touchdown in the second half."[17] The Lawrence Daily Journal reported that the game was "almost too one-sided to be interesting" and noted that Ottawa's only points were scored near the end of the game after a controversial call in which the officials ruled that Moore had fumbled, despite the fact that "the Kansas men had called down."[18]

On October 21, 1899, Kansas faced Drake, a team which had been undefeated since the 1897 season. The game was expected to be Kansas' toughest contest with the possible exception of Missouri, and the Kansas players were reportedly training under coach Yost with a focus on "perfecting signal week this week, team plays, and new strategems with all of which they expect to surprise their most ardent champions."[19] Kansas won the game by a 29–5 score before a crowd of 800 spectators in Lawrence.[20][21] The Kansas City Journal reported that Tucker was the star player and that Kansas "never played better ball than she did to-day."[21] The Lawrence Daily Journal reported that the game was played "under a broiling sun" and "on a dusty field" and that Tucker was "easily the star" for Kansas.[22]

On October 28, 1899, Kansas defeated Haskell for the second time during the 1899 season, this time by an 18–0 score in Lawrence. In the second half, a Haskell player was ejected from the game for slugging Moore of Kansas. Haskell disputed the ejection and when the umpire refused to reconsider, the entire Haskell team followed the ejected player off the field, and the umpire declared the game forfeited.[23] Several long runs by Moulton were highlights of the game, including a 30-yard touchdown run on "a 'fake' play."[24]

On November 4, 1899, Kansas won its second game of the season against Ottawa, this one by a 29–0 score in Ottawa, Kansas.[1] The Lawrence Daily Journal reported: "There was not much interest in the game."[25]

On November 11, 1899, Kansas defeated the team from Emporia Normal School by a 35–0 score at Emporia, Kansas. Kansas touchdowns were scored by Garvin, Moore, and Tucker. The Emporia team was "completely outclassed, as they have no coach and little practice."[26]

On November 18, 1899, Kansas faced Nebraska, the team that Fielding Yost had coached in 1898. Kansas won the game by a 36–20 score in Lincoln, Nebraska. Kansas scored six touchdowns, and Nebraska was held to four field goals (all by Benedict) and a safety.[27] The Lawrence Daily Journal wrote that Kansas won the game "with ease", led by an "impregnable line" and with Moore, Tucker and Avery advancing the ball "with unfailing regularity and certain precision."[28]

After the game, approximately 100 Kansas supporters marched through the streets back in Lawrence, a parade that included a duel between the University band and the Salvation Army band, with both units performing renditions of "A Hot Time". The Kansas supporters later "built a little bon fire out by the park."[28]

On November 25, 1899, Kansas defeated Washburn for the second time of the season, this time by a 23–0 score in Lawrence. Kansas used substitutes in place of some of its starters to avoid incurring injuries prior to the Thanksgiving Day game against Missouri.[29]

On Thanksgiving Day, November 30, 1899, Kansas concluded its season with a 34–6 victory over Missouri. The game drew a crowd of 8,000 spectators to Exposition Park in Kansas City.[30]

The game was placed in jeopardy earlier in the month due to a dispute as to where the game would be played. Kansas signed a contract with the newly opened Convention Hall in Kansas City, Missouri (where William Jennings Bryan would accept his parties Presidential nomination the following June), for the game to be played there. In order to play the game indoors at Convention Hall, the playing field would have to have been reduced by approximately 50%. Missouri's coach White objected to playing the game indoors, noting that the low ceiling would not allow "good kicking", the sidelines would be formed by the building's walls and create a hazard to the players, and the crowd noise "would prevent signals being heard." For these reasons, Missouri insisted that the game be played outdoors on "regulation grounds" under the rules of the Western Intercollegiate Football Association, "or not at all."[31] Ultimately, Kansas was released from its contract with the Convention Hall, and the game was played outdoors at the professional baseball park in Kansas City.[32][33]

On December 1, 1899, the Lawrence Daily World opined that coach Yost should be retained for another year and noted: "Trainer Yost has won golden opinions on every side and he deserves them all. He has a happy faculty of getting along with the players in such a way that they like him and he gets the best out of them. . . . Such good men are not loose long."[34]

On December 4, 1899, coach Yost published an All-Western football team and selected seven of his own Kansas players for the unit: Smith at guard; Wilcox and Tucker at tackle; Algie at end; Owen at quarterback; Moore at halfback; and Avery at fullback.[35]

In May 1900, Yost was hired by Stanford University in 1900,[36] and the fortunes of the Kansas football team declined. The 1900 Kansas team compiled a 2–5–2 record.

1.
Kansas Jayhawks football
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The Kansas Jayhawks football program is the intercollegiate football program of the University of Kansas. The program is classified in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Bowl Subdivision, the head coach is David Beaty, who began his tenure in 2015. The programs first season was 1890, making it one of the football programs established in the United States. The teams home field is Memorial Stadium, which opened in 1921 and is the seventh-oldest college football stadium in the nation, until 2014, Memorial Stadium was one of the few football stadiums in Division I that had a track encircling the field. KUs all-time record is 581–620–58, as of the conclusion of the 2016 season, Kansas has appeared in twelve bowl games, including three trips to the Orange Bowl. Kansas played in the first NCAA-contracted nationally televised regular season football game on September 20,1952. The Big Eight was folded into the Big 12 in 1996, the most successful era for KU football was 1890 to 1932, when the program recorded two undefeated seasons and posted an overall.643 winning percentage.477. From 1969 through the 2016 season KUs winning percentage slipped further to.387, during the 2012 season, the programs all-time winning percentage fell below.500 for the first time since KU finished 1–2 in 1890. Nevertheless, even during these years, the team has had some successful seasons, winning the Orange Bowl in 2008. The University of Kansas fielded its first football team in 1890, Kansas traveled to nearby Baker University to play the first college football game in Kansas to start that season. After playing an abbreviated season in 1890, KU played its first full schedule in 1891 and immediately found success. In 1899, Hall-of-Famer Fielding H. Yost served one season as KUs football coach, posting the first perfect season in school history. After the turn of the century, Hall-of-Famer John Outland, who played at KU in 1895–1896, returned to Kansas to serve as head coach, the 1902 season featured the programs first game of its rivalry against Kansas State, a 16–0 Jayhawk win. The program had ten head coaches in its first 14 seasons, kennedys overall coaching record at Kansas was 52–9–4. This still ranks as the most wins for any Kansas head coach, KU has not had another undefeated season since 1908. Kennedys long tenure was followed by period of rapid turnover in coaches. The most successful of these was Herman Olcott, who had a tenure as head coach from 1915 to 1917. Basketball coach Phog Allen also served one year as head coach during this era

2.
Fielding H. Yost
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Fielding Harris Yost was an American football player and coach and college athletics administrator. During his 25 seasons as the football coach in Ann Arbor, Yosts Michigan Wolverines won six national championships, captured ten Big Ten Conference titles. From 1901 to 1905, his Point-a-Minute squads went 55–1–1, outscoring their opponents by a margin of 2,821 to 42, the 1901 team beat Stanford, 49–0, in the 1902 Rose Bowl, the first college football bowl game ever played. Under Yost, Michigan won four national championships from 1901 to 1904. In 1921, Yost became Michigans athletic director and served in capacity until 1940. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951, Yost was also a successful business person, lawyer, and author, but he is best known as a leading figure in pioneering the development of college football into a national phenomenon. Yost was born in Fairview, West Virginia, in April 1871, Yosts family had settled in West Virginia, in 1925. He was the oldest of four children of Parmenus Wesley Yost and Elzena Jane Yost and his father was a farmer and Confederate veteran. His family had been in Fairview since 1825 when his great, great grandfather, David Yost, settled there, Yost was educated in the local schools and became a deputy marshal in Fairview as a teenager. At seventeen, he got a teaching certificate. Yost began his education at Fairmont Normal School in Fairmont. He then taught school at Patterson Creek, West Virginia, during the 1889–90 school year, Yost next enrolled at Ohio Normal School. Yost played for the Ohio Normal baseball team, after three years at Ohio Normal, Yost returned to West Virginia to work in the oil fields. In 1895, Yost enrolled at West Virginia University where he studied law and he also played football for West Virginia University football team. A 6-foot,200 pounder, Yost was a standout at tackle at West Virginia into the 1896 season and he transferred in mid-season to join Coach Parke H. Daviss national championship team at Lafayette. Just a week playing against Davis in West Virginia, Yost was playing for Davis in Lafayettes historic 6–4 win over the Penn Quakers. The fortuitous timing of Yosts appearance on the Lafayette roster did not go unnoticed by Penn officials and they called it the Yost affair. The Philadelphia Ledger quoted Yost as saying that he came to Lafayette only to play football, the fact that Yost appeared in a Lafayette uniform only once, in the Penn game, and that he returned to West Virginia within two weeks of the contest did not help appearances

3.
University of Kansas
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The University of Kansas, often referred to as KU or Kansas, is a public research university in the U. S. state of Kansas. The main campus in Lawrence, one of the largest college towns in Kansas, is on Mount Oread, two branch campuses are in the Kansas City metropolitan area, the Edwards Campus in Overland Park, and the universitys medical school and hospital in Kansas City. There are also educational and research sites in Parsons, Topeka, Garden City, Hays, and Leavenworth, the university is one of the 62 members of the Association of American Universities. The university overall employed 2,814 faculty members in fall 2015, on February 20,1863, Kansas Governor Thomas Carney signed into law a bill creating the state university in Lawrence. The law was conditioned upon a gift from Lawrence of a $15,000 endowment fund, if Lawrence failed to meet these conditions, Emporia instead of Lawrence would get the university. The site selected for the university was a known as Mount Oread. Robinson and his wife Sara bestowed the 40-acre site to the State of Kansas in exchange for land elsewhere, the philanthropist Amos Adams Lawrence donated $10,000 of the necessary endowment fund, and the citizens of Lawrence raised the remaining cash by issuing notes backed by Governor Carney. On November 2,1863, Governor Carney announced that Lawrence had met the conditions to get the university. The schools Board of Regents held its first meeting in March 1865, work on the first college building began later that year. The university opened for classes on September 12,1866, during World War II, Kansas was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. KU is home to the Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics, the Beach Center on Disability, Lied Center of Kansas and radio stations KJHK,90.7 FM, and KANU,91.5 FM. The university is host to several including the University of Kansas Natural History Museum. The University of Kansas is a large, state-sponsored university, with five campuses, the university offers more than 345 degree programs. In its 2017 list, U. S. News & World Report ranked KU as tied for 118th place among National Universities and 56th place among public universities. The city management and urban policy program was ranked first in the nation, uSN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U. S. universities. The Bachelor of Architecture degree was added in 1920, in 1969, the School of Architecture and Urban Design was formed with three programs, architecture, architectural engineering, and urban planning. In 2001 architectural engineering merged with civil and environmental engineering, the design programs from the discontinued School of Fine Arts were merged into the school in 2009 forming the current School of Architecture, Design, and Planning. S in 2012. The University of Kansas School of Business is a business school on the main campus of the University of Kansas in Lawrence

4.
Haskell Indian Nations Fighting Indians football
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The Haskell Fighting Indians football team represented the Haskell Institute in the sport of college football. They fielded their first football team in 1896, but in 1931, a new superintendent made the decision to shift the college football team to high school status following the 1931 season. With fewer teams available to play, Haskell dropped football after the 1938 season, football at Haskell would not be resumed again until 1990. Due to funding shortfalls, Haskell suspended football for the 2015 season

5.
Bennie Owen
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Benjamin Gilbert Bennie Owen was an American football player and coach of football, basketball, and baseball. Owen was also the basketball coach at Oklahoma from 1908 to 1921, tallying a mark of 113–49. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951, Owen was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1875 and his family moved to St. Louis, Missouri when he was 12. After he finished school, his family moved, this time to Arkansas City. There Owen served as an apprentice to a doctor for three years. He then enrolled in the University of Kansas in 1897 to pursue his medical studies, Owen played football at Kansas under two excellent, but contrasting coaches. Wylie G. Woodruff, an All American player from the University of Pennsylvania came to Kansas to coach football in the fall of 1897. Owen got a job working as a medical assistant for Woodruff. Owen played under Woodruff for two seasons, Woodruff specialized in a tough, hard-hitting style of football. Woodruffs message to his players was hurdle the wounded, step on the dead, Woodruff was released at the end of the 1898 season and Kansas hired Fielding H. Yost from the University of Nebraska. Unlike, Woodruff, Yosts style of football was based on innovation, speed, Owen was the star quarterback for Yosts undefeated 1899 team. Upon graduating from Kansas, Owen took his first head coaching job at Washburn College, following a one-year stint there, he spent the 1901 season as Yosts assistant at the University of Michigan. While at Michigan, he helped Yost develop the famous Point-a-Minute teams built around halfback Willie Heston, Owen got his first exposure to the Oklahoma football team while head coach at Bethany College in Lindsborg, Kansas. His Bethany Swedes met and defeated two Sooner teams in 1903 and 1904, Owen took over the Oklahoma football team in 1905, succeeding one-year coach Fred Ewing. He stepped in and immediately turned the team around, giving Oklahoma its very first win over the rival Texas Longhorns. Owen was loved by the players as he regularly would involve himself in scrimmages when he felt his players were lagging, Owens first two years at Oklahoma were spent back and forth between Norman and Arkansas City. Due to a financial budget, Owen only remained on campus during the football season. In 1907, Owen lost his arm in a hunting accident

6.
Oklahoma Sooners football
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The Oklahoma Sooners football program is a college football team that represents the University of Oklahoma. The team is currently a member of the Big 12 Conference, the program began in 1895 and is one of the most successful programs since World War II with the most wins and the highest winning percentage since 1945. The program has 7 national championships,45 conference championships,154 All-Americans, Oklahoma is also the only program that has had four coaches with 100+ wins, including current head coach Bob Stoops. They became the sixth NCAA FBS team to win 850 games when they defeated the Kansas Jayhawks on November 22,2014, the Sooners play their home games at Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium in Norman, Oklahoma. Football at Oklahoma made its start in September 1895,12 years before statehood, the team was organized by John A. Harts, a student from Winfield, Kansas who had played the game in his home state. That first team was composed of mostly non-students, including a local fireman and that first season saw the team go 0–1, being blanked 0–34 by a more experienced Oklahoma City Town Team. The first game was played on a field of low prairie grass just northwest of the current site of Holmberg Hall. Several members of the Oklahoma team were injured, including Coach Harts, and by the end of the game, after that year, Harts left Oklahoma to prospect for gold in the Arctic. The team got its first real coach in 1897 when the new modern language professor, Parrington played some football at Harvard and was more exposed to football coming from the East coast. In his four years as coach, Parringtons teams racked up nine wins, one loss. After the 1900 season, football began interfering with Parringtons teaching and he stepped down as head coach shortly thereafter and went on to win the Pulitzer Prize for History in 1928 at the University of Washington. The Sooners had three more coaches over the four seasons. Fred Roberts led the Sooners to a 3–2 season in 1901, the most notable event of those four years came in 1904 when Oklahoma had its first match against its instate rival, Oklahoma A&M. The game was played on November 6,1904 at Mineral Wells Park in Guthrie, the Oklahoma team soundly defeated the Oklahoma Aggies 75–0, but it was an unusual touchdown that is remembered most of that game. Bedlam football, the rivalry between the University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University, was born that day. After ten years of football, the program began to get serious and they found Bennie Owen, a former quarterback of the undefeated Kansas team of 1899 led by famous coach Fielding H. Yost. Owens previous team beat Oklahoma twice in 1903 and 1904, so the Sooners were familiar with his ability, Owens first two years at Oklahoma were spent between Norman and Arkansas City as Oklahoma did not have a big enough budget to keep him there all year. The early years of Owens tenure were tough because of budget issues, due to a low travel budget, his teams would regularly have to play as many as three games in one trek

7.
College Football Hall of Fame
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The College Football Hall of Fame is a hall of fame and museum devoted to college football. The National Football Foundation launched the Hall in 1951 to immortalize the players, from 1995 to 2012, the Hall was located in South Bend, Indiana. It was connected to a center and situated in the citys renovated downtown district,2 miles south of the University of Notre Dame campus. In August 2014, the College Football Hall of Fame and Chick-fil-A Fan Experience opened in downtown Atlanta, rutgers donated land near its football stadium, office space, and administrative support. In response, the Foundation moved its operations to New York City, when the New York Attorney Generals office began its own investigation, the foundation moved to Kings Mills, Ohio, where a building finally was constructed adjacent to Kings Island in 1978. The Hall opened with good attendance figures early on, but visitation dwindled dramatically as time went on, nearby Galbreath Field remained open as the home of Moeller High School football until 2003. A new building was opened in South Bend, Indiana on August 25,1995. Despite estimates that the South Bend location would more than 150,000 visitors a year, the Hall of Fame drew about 115,000 people the first year. In 2009, the National Football Foundation decided to move the College Football Hall of Fame to Atlanta, the possibility of moving the museum has been brought up in other cities, including Dallas, which had the financial backing of billionaire T. Boone Pickens. However, the National Football Foundation ultimately decided on Atlanta for the next site, the new $68.5 million museum opened on August 23,2014. It is located next to Centennial Olympic Park, which is near other attractions such as the Georgia Aquarium, the World of Coca-Cola, CNN Center, and the National Center for Civil and Human Rights. The Hall of Fame is located near the Georgia Institute of Technology of the ACC, the new building broke ground on January 28,2013. Sections of the architecture are reminiscent of a football in shape, the facility is 94,256 square feet and contains approximately 50,000 square feet of exhibit and event space, interactive displays and a 45-yard indoor football field. Atlanta Hall Management operates the College Football Hall of Fame, as of 2017, there are 987 players and 214 coaches enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame, representing 306 schools. The National Football Foundation outlines specific criteria that may be used for evaluating a candidate for induction into the Hall of Fame. A player must have received major first team All-America recognition, a player becomes eligible for consideration 10 years after his last year of intercollegiate football played. Football achievements are considered first, but the record as a citizen is also weighed. Players must have played their last year of football within the last 50 years

8.
Lawrence, Kansas
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Lawrence is the sixth largest city in the state of Kansas and the county seat of Douglas County, Kansas. It is in northeastern Kansas next to Interstate 70, along the banks of the Kansas, as of the 2010 census, the citys population was 87,643. Lawrence is a town and the home to the University of Kansas. Lawrence was founded by the New England Emigrant Aid Company and was named for Amos Adams Lawrence who offered financial aid, Lawrence was central to the Bleeding Kansas era and was the site of the Wakarusa War, the sacking of Lawrence, and the Lawrence Massacre. Lawrence began as a center of Kansas politics, prior to Kansas Territory being opened to settlement in May 1854, most of Douglas County was part of the Shawnee Indian Reservation. The Oregon Trail followed the Kansas River through what would become Lawrence and Mount Oread was used as a landmark, dr. Charles Robinson and Charles Branscomb were sent by the New England Emigrant Aid Company to scout for a location for a city. They arrived in the vicinity of Lawrence in July 1854 and noted the beauty of the area, the original “pioneer party” left Massachusetts on July 17,1854 and consisted of 29 men. They arrived at the site Robinson and Branscomb selected on August 1, the second party arrived in Lawrence on September 9 after leaving near the end of August. The town was officially named Lawrence City on October 6, the main street of the town was named Massachusetts to commemorate the origins of the pioneer party. The first post office in Lawrence was established in January 1855, in March 1857, the Quincy School was started in the Emigrant Aid office before moving to the basement of the Unitarian Church in April. The Plymouth Congregational Church was started in September 1854 by Reverend S. Y, lum, a missionary sent to Kansas. Shortly after Lawrence’s founding, two newspapers were started, The Kansas Pioneer and the Herald of Freedom, both touted the Free State mission which caused problems from the people of Lecompton, then the pro-slavery headquarters, about ten miles northwest of Lawrence, and land squatters from Missouri. The Kansas Free State began in early January 1855, on November 21,1855, Charles Dow was shot and killed by Franklin Coleman in Hickory Point about fourteen miles south of Lawrence. Shortly after, an army of Missourians led by Douglas County Sheriff Samuel L. Jones entered Kansas to attack Lawrence. John Brown and James Lane had hustled Lawrence citizens into an army and erected barricades, a treaty was signed and the Missouri army reluctantly left. Harassment by Sheriff Jones and other Southern sympathizers continued unabated, the Herald of Freedom, the Kansas Free State and the Free State Hotel were indicted as “nuisances. ”On April 23,1856 Sheriff Jones was shot while trying to arrest free-state settlers. On May 21, Sheriff Jones and a posse of 800 Southern sympathizers converged on Lawrence, dr. Robinson’s house on Mount Oread was taken by the federal marshal as headquarters and the newspaper printing presses were damaged and thrown in the river. The Free State Hotel was also destroyed, despite the constant presence of impending war, Lawrence continued to grow

9.
Washburn Ichabods football
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The Washburn Ichabods football program represents Washburn University in college football. They participate in Division II sports within the NCAA, the team plays their home games in Yager Stadium at Moore Bowl, located on the Washburn University campus in Topeka, Kansas. Wasburns football program back to 1891. The Ichabods claimed one MIAA conference championship in 2005, but 12 conference championships all together, under Craig Schurig, the Ichabods have appeared in the Division II playoffs in 2004,2005,2007, and 2011. Source, Official record against all current MIAA opponents as of the end of the 2015 season, The Ichabods have played their home games in Yager Stadium since 1928

10.
Ottawa Braves
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The Ottawa Braves are the athletic teams that represent Ottawa University in Ottawa, Kansas. They are part of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, competing in the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference, Ottawa University first put a football team on the field in 1891. As of the conclusion of the 2008 season, the record of the football team is 117 years,970 games,502 victories,421 defeats,47 ties. The current 2009 season has the Braves 10-0 and conference champions, the first time in the history of the school that this has happened. They are currently ranked number 20 in the nation, the current football coach is Kent Kessinger, who has held the position since the 2004 season. The team plays their games at Peoples Bank Field In 1972, ottawas football team has qualified for the 2009,2010, and 2011 NAIA Football National Championship playoffs. This gives them three consecutive post-season appearances

11.
Ottawa, Kansas
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Ottawa is a city in, and the county seat of, Franklin County, Kansas, United States. It is located on banks of the Marais des Cygnes River near the center of Franklin County. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 12,649, the name derives from the Ottawa tribe of Indians, on whose reservation the city was laid out. The word Ottawa itself means “to trade”, in 1867, the Ottawa tribe sold their remaining land in Kansas and moved to Indian Territory in Oklahoma. On the last day of March,1864, J. C. Richmond built the first non-Indian settlement in the new town, at the corner of Walnut, Ottawa has a history of flooding because of its location straddling the Marais Des Cygnes river. The areas first recorded flood was the Great Flood of 1844, in 1928, a flood crested at 38.65 feet and killed six people. However, it is the Great Flood of 1951 which is the most famous and it was about five inches higher than the 1928 flood. The flood of 1951 affected much of Missouri and Kansas and 41 people died, one-third of Ottawa was covered because of this flood. The levees built along the river are inspected on a basis to insure their quality. In 1943, German and Italian prisoners of World War II were brought to Kansas, large internment camps were established in Kansas, Camp Concordia, Camp Funston, Camp Phillips. Fort Riley established 12 smaller branch camps, including Ottawa, Ottawa is located at 38°36′43″N 95°15′59″W. It straddles the Marais des Cygnes River and is located 58 miles southwest of Kansas City at the junction of U. S. Route 59, U. S. Route 50 and Interstate 35 bypass Ottawa to the south and east, while business US-50 passes through the city. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 9.42 square miles. Over the course of a year, temperatures range from a low of about 20 °F in January to an average high over 90 °F in July. The maximum temperature reaches 90 °F an average of 52 days per year, the minimum temperature falls below the freezing point an average of 105 days per year. Typically the first fall freeze occurs between the beginning of October and early November, and the last spring freeze occurs between the end of March and late April. The area receives nearly 40 inches of precipitation during a year with the largest share being received in May. During a typical year the amount of precipitation may be anywhere from 28 to 51 inches

12.
Emporia State Hornets football
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The Emporia State Hornets football program is a college football team that represents Emporia State University, often referred to as Emporia State or ESU. The team competes as a member of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association, the program began in 1897 and has fifteen conference titles. On December 15,2006, former Hornet quarterback Garin Higgins became the teams 24th head coach, home games are played on Jones Field at Welch Stadium, located on the Emporia State University campus in Emporia, Kansas. The most successful era for ESU football was from 1928 to 1954, from 1955 to 1982, the Hornets struggled to find success on the football field, as the teams overall winning percentage during that era slipped to.295. From 1983 through the 2013 season, ESUs winning percentage increased to.537, during the 2012 season, the Hornets competed in a postseason game for the first time since 2003 and placed second in the conference. Until the 1930s, the Kansas State Normal/Kansas State Teachers College didnt have an athletics nickname, in the early 1930s, the athletic teams were then known as the Yaps. However, many people were not fond of the name, most notably legendary coach, the Kansas State Normal School, now known as Emporia State University, fielded its first football team in 1893, which had no coach. In 1893, KSN played the College of Emporia, which KSN won 14–0, after playing six abbreviated game seasons, KSN played its first full schedule in 1899 and had a 2–3–0 record under no head coach. The 1899 football season was the first of the Turnpike Tussle series, in 1900, John Lamb served one season as KSNs football coach, posting the first winning season in school history. After Lambs season, Northern Iowas coach Fred Williams, who later was an attorney, came to KSN from to serve as head coach, the 1902 season featured the programs second–only game of its rivalry against Washburn, a 0–6 Hornet loss. The program had eight coaches from 1900–13, but in 1914. He held it for the three highly successful seasons, through 1917, and then again from 1920–27. Hargiss overall coaching record at KSN/KSTC was 61–23–11, Hargiss is the only head coach in school history to have an undefeated season and puts him third at the school in terms of winning percentage. Hargiss best seasons were the 1921 and 1926 seasons, when the Normals/Teachers posted an undefeated season, the closest game of the season was a 6–0 battle against Hargisss former team, the College of Emporia. ESU has not had another undefeated season since 1926, in the 1918 and 1919 seasons, KSN had two unsuccessful coaches, H. D. McChesney with a 2–2–0 record, and George McLaren with a 1–6–2.222 record. KSN alum Fran Welch was hired by his alma mater as the 13th head football coach in 1928, Welch led the Teachers to a 7–0–1 record during his first season. In the 1932 and 33 seasons were a low season for the Yaps, from 1934 until 1942, the Hornets had some winning seasons, and losing seasons. Because of WWII, the Hornets did not field a team from 1942–45, in the next five out of six seasons, the Hornets won five conference championships

13.
Emporia, Kansas
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Emporia is a city in and the county seat of Lyon County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 24,916, Emporia lies between Topeka and Wichita at the intersection of U. S. Route 50 with Interstates 335 and 35 on the Kansas Turnpike. Emporia is also a town, home to Emporia State University. Located on upland prairie, Emporia was founded in 1857, drawing its name from ancient Carthage, Emporia is particularly known for its newspaper, the Emporia Gazette, published in the first half of the 20th century by the legendary newspaperman William Allen White. The paper became the widely perceived model of excellence in small-town journalism, the first railroad was extended to Emporia in 1869. In 1953, Emporia was the site of the first Veterans Day observance in the United States, at the urging of local shoe cobbler Alvin J. King, U. S. Representative Edward Rees introduced legislation in The United States Congress to rename Armistice Day as Veterans Day, president Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill into law on October 8,1954. On June 8,1974, an F4 tornado struck Emporia, killing six people, injuring 200 people, on Sunday, March 6,1988 a heavily armed gunman walked into the Calvary Baptist Church during services and opened fire. The 29-year-old gunman, Cheunphon Ji, had no particular target, killing one person, Emporia is located at 38°24′14″N 96°10′54″W in east-central Kansas. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 11.94 square miles. The Neosho River flows along the side of the city. The city averages about 60 rainy days per year,59 days with temperatures of 90 °F or higher. The average temperature in January is 29 °F, and in July it is 79 °F, Emporia is the principal city of the Emporia Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Lyon and Chase counties. As of the 2010 census, there were 24,916 people,9,812 households, the population density was 2,491.6 inhabitants per square mile. There were 11,352 housing units at a density of 1,135.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 79. 2% White,3. 2% African American,3. 1% Asian,0. 8% American Indian,10. 5% from some other race,25. 4% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. 32. 1% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.39, and the average family size was 3.08. In the city, the population was out with 23. 5% under the age of 18,19. 7% from 18 to 24,24. 5% from 25 to 44,20. 9% from 45 to 64

14.
Lincoln, Nebraska
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Lincoln is the capital of the U. S. state of Nebraska and the county seat of Lancaster County. The city covers 92.81 square miles with a population of 277,348 in 2015 and it is the second-most populous city in Nebraska and the 72nd-largest in the United States. The statistical area is home to 345,478 people, making it the 105th-largest combined statistical area in the United States, the city was founded in 1856 as the village of Lancaster on the wild salt marshes of what was to become Lancaster County. In 1867, the village of Lancaster became Nebraskas state capital and was renamed Lincoln, bertram G. Goodhue designed state capitol building was completed in 1932 and is the second tallest capitol in the United States. As the city is the seat of government for the state of Nebraska, the state, the University of Nebraska was founded in Lincoln in 1867. The university is the largest in Nebraska with 25,006 students enrolled and is the citys third-largest employer, other primary employers fall within the service and manufacturing industries, including a growing high-tech sector. The region makes up a part of what is known as the greater Midwest Silicon Prairie, designated as a refugee-friendly city by the U. S. Department of State in the 1970s, the city was the twelfth-largest resettlement site per capita in the United States by 2000. Refugee Vietnamese, Karen, Sudanese, and Yazidi people have resettled in the city. Lincoln Public Schools during the year of 2016–17 provided support for approximately 3,200 students from 118 countries. Prior to the westward of settlers, the prairie was covered with buffalo grass. Plains Indians, descendants of peoples who occupied the area for thousands of years, lived in. The Pawnee, which included four tribes, lived in villages along the Platte River, an occasional buffalo could still be seen in the plat of Lincoln in the 1860s. Lincoln was founded in 1856 as the village of Lancaster and became the county seat of the newly created Lancaster County in 1859, the village was sited on the east bank of Salt Creek. The first settlers were attracted to the due to the abundance of salt. Once J. Sterling Morton developed his salt mines in Kansas, Captain W. T. Donovan, a former steamer captain, and his family settled on Salt Creek in 1856. In the fall of 1859, the settlers met to form a county. A caucus was formed and the committee, which included Captain Donovan, after the passage of the 1862 Homestead Act, homesteaders began to inhabit the area. The first plat was dated August 6,1864, by the close of 1868, Lancaster had a population of approximately 500 people

15.
Kansas City, Missouri
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Kansas City is the largest city in Missouri and the sixth largest city in the Midwest. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city had an population of 475,378 in 2015. It is the city of the Kansas City metropolitan area. Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west, on June 1,1850 the town of Kansas was incorporated, shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory. Confusion between the two ensued and the name Kansas City was assigned to them soon thereafter. Most of the city lies within Jackson County, but portions spill into Clay, Cass, along with Independence, it serves as one of the two county seats for Jackson County. Major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Independence and Lees Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park, Olathe, and Kansas City. The city is composed of neighborhoods, including the River Market District in the north, the 18th and Vine District in the east. Kansas City is also known for its cuisine, its craft breweries, Kansas City, Missouri was officially incorporated as a town on June 1,1850, and as a city on March 28,1853. The territory straddling the border between Missouri and Kansas at the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers was considered a place to build settlements. The Antioch Christian Church, Dr. James Compton House, the first documented European visitor to Kansas City was Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, who was also the first European to explore the lower Missouri River. Criticized for his response to the Native American attack on Fort Détroit, Bourgmont lived with a Native American wife in a village about 90 miles east near Brunswick, Missouri, where he illegally traded furs. In the documents, he describes the junction of the Grande Riv des Cansez and Missouri River, French cartographer Guillaume Delisle used the descriptions to make the areas first reasonably accurate map. The Spanish took over the region in the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the French continued their fur trade under Spanish license. After the 1804 Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark visited the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers, in 1831, a group of Mormons from New York settled in what would become the city. They built the first school within Kansas Citys current boundaries, but were forced out by mob violence in 1833, in 1833 John McCoy established West Port along the Santa Fe Trail,3 miles away from the river. In 1834 McCoy established Westport Landing on a bend in the Missouri to serve as a point for West Port. Soon after, the Kansas Town Company, a group of investors, began to settle the area, in 1850, the landing area was incorporated as the Town of Kansas

16.
Eastern Time Zone
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Places that use Eastern Standard Time when observing standard time are 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time. Eastern Daylight Time, when observing daylight saving time DST is 4 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time, in the northern parts of the time zone, on the second Sunday in March, at 2,00 a. m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3,00 a. m. EDT leaving a one-hour gap, on the first Sunday in November, at 2,00 a. m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1,00 a. m, southern parts of the zone do not observe daylight saving time. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 ruled that daylight saving time would run from the last Sunday of April until the last Sunday in October in the United States, the act was amended to make the first Sunday in April the beginning of daylight saving time as of 1987. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States beginning in 2007. So local times change at 2,00 a. m. EST to 3,00 a. m. EDT on the second Sunday in March, in Canada, the time changes as it does in the United States. However, a handful of communities unofficially observe Eastern Time because they are part of the Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area – Phenix City, Smiths Station, Lanett, and Valley. Florida, All of Florida is in the Eastern Time zone except for the portion of the Florida Panhandle west of the Apalachicola River, as the Eastern–Central zone boundary approaches the Gulf of Mexico, it follows the Bay/Gulf county line. Indiana, All of Indiana observes Eastern Time except for six counties in the Chicago metropolitan area. Kentucky, Roughly, the half of the state, including all of metropolitan Louisville, is in the Eastern Time Zone. Historically the entire state observed Central Time, when daylight saving time was first introduced, the Lower Peninsula remained on DST after it formally ended, effectively re-aligning itself into the Eastern Time Zone. The Upper Peninsula continued to observe Central Time until 1972, when all, Tennessee, Most of the eastern third of Tennessee is legally on Eastern Time. Eastern Time is also used somewhat as a de facto official time for all of the United States, since it includes the capital and the largest city. Major professional sports leagues also post all game times in Eastern time, for example, a game time between two teams from Pacific Time Zone will still be posted in Eastern time. Most cable television and national broadcast networks advertise airing times in Eastern time, national broadcast networks generally have two primary feeds, an eastern feed for Eastern and Central time zones, and a tape-delayed western feed for the Pacific Time Zone. The prime time is set on Eastern and Pacific at 8,00 p. m. with the Central time zone stations receiving the eastern feed at 7,00 p. m. local time. Mountain Time Zone stations receive a separate feed at 7,00 p. m. local time, as Arizona does not observe daylight saving time, during the summer months, it has its own feed at 7,00 p. m. local time

17.
James Naismith
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James Naismith was a Canadian-American physical educator, physician, chaplain, sports coach and innovator. He invented the game of basketball at age 30 in 1891 and he wrote the original basketball rule book and founded the University of Kansas basketball program. Seven years after inventing basketball, Naismith received his degree in Denver in 1898. He then arrived at the University of Kansas, later becoming the Kansas Jayhawks athletic director, while a coach at Kansas, Naismith coached Phog Allen, who later became the coach at Kansas for 39 seasons, beginning a lengthy and prestigious coaching tree. Allen then went on to coach legends including Adolph Rupp and Dean Smith, among others, Naismith was born in 1861 in Almonte, Ontario, Canada to Scottish immigrants. He never had a name and never signed his name with the A initial. The A was added by someone in the administration at the University of Kansas, orphaned early in his life, Naismith lived with his aunt and uncle for many years and attended grade school at Bennies Corners near Almonte. Then he enrolled in Almonte High School, in Almonte, Ontario, in the same year, Naismith entered McGill University in Montreal. He played center on the team, and made himself some padding to protect his ears. It was for use, not team use. He won multiple Wicksteed medals for outstanding gymnastics performances, Naismith earned a BA in Physical Education and a Diploma at the Presbyterian College in Montreal. At Springfield YMCA, Naismith struggled with a class that was confined to indoor games throughout the harsh New England winter. In his attempt to think up a new game, Naismith was guided by three main thoughts, firstly, he analyzed the most popular games of those times, Naismith noticed the hazards of a ball and concluded that the big soft soccer ball was safest. Secondly, he saw that most physical contact occurred while running with the ball, dribbling or hitting it, finally, Naismith further reduced body contact by making the goal unguardable, namely placing it high above the players heads. To score goals, he forced the players to throw a soft lobbing shot that had proven effective in his old favorite game duck on a rock, Naismith christened this new game Basket Ball and put his thoughts together in 13 basic rules. The first game of Basket Ball was played in December 1891, stubbins brot up the peach baskets to the gym I secured them on the inside of the railing of the gallery. This was about 10 feet from the floor, one at end of the gymnasium. I then put the 13 rules on the board just behind the instructors platform, secured a soccer ball

18.
Haskell Indian Nations Fighting Indians
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Haskell Indian Nations University athletic teams are known as the Fighting Indians. The Fighting Indians are a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, before July 2015, CCC competed in the Midlands Collegiate Athletic Conference. Haskell fielded their first football team in 1896, but in 1931, a new superintendent made the decision to shift the college football team to high school status following the 1931 season. With fewer teams available to play, Haskell dropped football after the 1938 season, football at Haskell would not be resumed again until 1990. Due to funding shortfalls, Haskell suspended football for the 2015 season, mens basketball at Haskell has brought nationwide attention with its ability to bring Native American talent to the basketball court. Womens basketball at Haskell Indian Nations University has made several post-season appearances including the Indian College National Basketball Tournament, Haskell Indian Nations Fighting Indians fight song is named Onward Haskell. Native American mascot controversy Official website

19.
Washburn University
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Washburn University is a co-educational, public institution of higher learning in Topeka, Kansas, United States. It offers undergraduate and graduate programs, as well as programs in law. Washburn has 550 faculty members, who more than 6,100 undergraduate students. The universitys assets include a $152 million endowment, the school was renamed Washburn College in 1868 after Ichabod Washburn pledged $25,000 to the school. Washburn was a deacon, abolitionist and industrialist who resided in Worcester. Washburn University’s mascot, The Ichabods, honors the early benefactor. The original design of the studious-looking, tailcoat-clad figure was created in 1938 by Bradbury Thompson, in 1913 the medical department of Washburn College closed. Previously the Kansas Medical School had become infamous on December 10,1895, as the news was being printed the governor called out state troops to protect the school in fear of a riot. Three of the doctors, including the Dean of the school, charges against the doctors were discharged, the janitor was convicted but had his conviction reversed on appeal and the final man was convicted but later pardoned. On June 8,1966, only a few days after classes were dismissed for the summer, much of the campus was demolished by a tornado, three months before the tornado struck, the Washburn Board of Trustees had reinsured every building on campus for the maximum amount. A week after the tornado struck, summer classes began at Topeka West High School, by the fall of 1966, Stoffer Hall was repaired and trailers were in place. It took years to reconstruct the campus, with students attending classes in trailers well into the early 1970s, Washburn is governed by its own nine-member Board of Regents. The president of Washburn University is Jerry Farley, who has served as president since 1997 and taken an approach in improving academics. Washburn University is governed by a nine-member Board of Regents, three, who must be residents of the state of Kansas, are appointed by the Governor. Three residents of the City of Topeka, one each of the state senatorial districts, are appointed by the Mayor. One is the Mayor or a member of the body of the city designated by the Mayor. The Shawnee County Commission appoints one member, who must be a resident of Shawnee County, the Kansas Board of Regents annually selects one of its members to serve on the Washburn Board. Members of the Board serve staggered four-year terms and these persons have served as presidents or interim presidents of Washburn College, Washburn Municipal University of Topeka, and Washburn University

20.
Ottawa University
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Ottawa University is a private, non-profit, Christian liberal arts university located in Ottawa, Kansas, United States. It was founded in 1865 and is affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA, Ottawa has approximately 600 students on its residential campus in Ottawa, with a total of about 7,000 students across all of its campuses and online. The original campus is located in Ottawa, Kansas and is referred to as the Residential College or The College by the staff. In addition to the college, OU has adult campuses in Overland Park, Kansas, Phoenix and Chandler, Arizona, Brookfield, Wisconsin. Ottawa University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and its education programs in Kansas are accredited by the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education and the Kansas State Department of Education. Ottawa University offers bachelors programs in more than 25 disciplines. Current graduate program offerings include Master of Business Administration, Master of Arts in Education, Master of Arts in Human Resources, the Department of Church Relations maintains the universitys long-standing relationship with the clergy and churches within the American Baptist Churches USA. Church Relations also works to recruit students from American Baptist Churches across the country, Ottawa University is the Alpha Chapter of Pi Kappa Delta, the national speech and debate honorary. In 1913, Ottawa became the member and continues to invest in forensic activities over 100 years later. The Music and Drama Departments offer productions for the community and serve as host for community related events, Ottawa University teams are known as the Braves. The university is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, the school provides eleven intercollegiate sports for men, ten intercollegiate sports for women, and a varied intramural program. The school is the home of the recently renovated Peoples Bank Field, Ottawa views attending college as an opportunity to interact with people, learn new skills and discover new talents. The university offers over 30 student groups, clubs and organizations, including a radio station, the school offers drama, music, honor societies, campus ministry opportunities, and other activities. Mechem, territorial Supreme Court justice and one-term Republican governor of New Mexico Dorothy C, stratton, director of the United States Coast Guard Womens Reserve during World War II Derrick Ward, National Football League Official website Ottawa University Athletics website

21.
Drake Bulldogs football
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The Drake Bulldogs football program represents Drake University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision level. Drake began competing in football in 1893. The 1922 Drake Bulldogs football team is considered by many to be the greatest in Drake history and is, to date, Drake capped the historic season with a 48–6 triumph over Mississippi State on November 25,1922. They received votes as the one team in the College Football Researchers Association poll and were invited to the White House for their accomplishments. The Bulldogs were coached by legend Ossie Solem, during the 1926 Homecoming activities, Babe Ruth visited and suited up for a Drake scrimmage. Head coach Ossie Solem extended the invitation stating We finally inquired had he ever indulged in the dirt eating pastime known as football, the answer was sort of a woeful No. It was evident that the Big Bimbo had missed something in his days. Ruth scored a 20-yard touchdown in the mock scrimmage, while it was not the official Rose Bowl Game, Drake was the first Iowa school to play in the Rose Bowl Stadium. The Bulldogs defeated UCLA 25–6 in front of a capacity crowd of 40,000 on November 28,1927. At the time, UCLA played major games at the Rose Bowl Stadium, the Bruins did not officially move on a permanent basis to the Rose Bowl Stadium until 1982. The game was highlighted as one of the NCAA Football Thanksgiving Special Games that year, following the 1931 season head coach Ossie Solem schedule a game in Honolulu, Hawaii in which the bulldogs squared off against Hawaii. Solem frustrated by the lack of rewards, called the trip a reward for his teams fourth straight Missouri Valley Conference championship. In a close encounter at Honolulu Stadium on December 19,1931, the game was the first by an Iowa school in the state of Hawaii. It was also the last game for Solem as Bulldog coach and he left the next season taking the head football coach vacancy at Iowa. Drake was the first school of its size to install lights, on October 6,1928, the Bulldogs defeated Simpson College 41–6 in the first night game at Drake Stadium. In 1951, Johnny Bright was named a First Team College Football All-American and he was invited to the Heisman Trophy festivities and finished fifth in the voting. In 1969, Bright was named Drake Universitys greatest football player of all time, in February 2006, the football field at Drake Stadium, in Des Moines, Iowa, was named in his honor. In November 2006, Bright was voted one of the CFLs Top 50 players of the modern era by Canadian sports network TSN

22.
Emporia State University
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Emporia State University, often referred to as Emporia State or ESU, is a public university in Emporia, Kansas, United States, east of the Flint Hills. Established in March 1863 and originally known as the Kansas State Normal School, Emporia State is one of six public universities governed by the Kansas Board of Regents. Emporia States intercollegiate athletic teams are known as the Hornets with the exception of the womens teams, Emporia State competes in NCAA Division II and has been a member of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association since 1991. Since joining the NCAA Division II in 1991, the Lady Hornets basketball team is the team to win a NCAA championship. The origins of the university back to 1861, when Kansas became a state. This was because as a provision was included in the Kansas Constitution for a state university, from 1861 to 1863 the question of where the university would be located—Lawrence, Manhattan or Emporia—was debated. In February 1863, Manhattan was made the location of the states land-grant college, leaving only Lawrence and Emporia as candidates. The fact that Lawrence had $10,000 plus interest donated by Amos Lawrence plus 40 acres to donate for the university had great weight with the legislature and Lawrence beat out Emporia by one vote. A few years later, on March 7,1863, the Kansas Legislature passed the act to establish the Kansas State Normal School. Although Emporia State was established in 1863, it was not until February 15,1865 that classes began, the first president of the Kansas Normal School, who was also the schools only teacher, Lyman Beecher Kellogg, taught nearly 20 students in the district school house. The schools first class graduated on June 28,1867, the year the first permanent building was completed, consisted of two women, Mary Jane Watson and Ellen Plumb. The two women were daughters of two persons in Kansas, the first being Judge Watson, a local judge. The United States had many Normal schools in the 19th century, in 1876, the Kansas Legislature passed the Miscellaneous appropriations bill of 1876. The end result was that Leavenworth Normal and Concordia Normal were closed so the funding for normal schools could be directed to Emporia. KSN branched out with locations in Pittsburg and Hays, Kansas, the western branch in Hays opened June 3,1902 and is today known as Fort Hays State University. The Pittsburg branch was opened as the Manual Training Auxiliary School in 1904, today it is Pittsburg State University. In February 1923, the name of the school was changed to the Kansas State Teachers College, in July 1974, the name was changed to Emporia Kansas State College. On April 21,1977, the college became Emporia State University, Dr. Michael Shonrock became Emporia States 16th president on January 3,2012

23.
There'll Be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight
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A Hot Time in the Old Town is an American ragtime song, composed in 1896 by Theodore August Metz with lyrics by Joe Hayden. Metz was the leader of the McIntyre and Heath Minstrels. One history of the song reports While on tour with the McIntyre and Heath Minstrels, from their train window, could see a group of children starting a fire, near the tracks. One of the other minstrels remarked that therell be a hot time in the old town tonight, Metz noted the remark on a scrap of paper, intending to write a march with that motif. He did indeed write the march the next day. It was then used by the McIntyre and Heath Minstrels in their Street parades, the dialect and narrative of the song imitate an African-American revival meeting. The song was a favorite of the American military around the start of the 20th century, particularly during the Spanish–American War, the tune became popular in the military after it was used as a theme by Teddy Roosevelts Rough Riders. The chorus is used at the University of Kansas immediately after every touchdown in Football. The Aggie War Hymn of Texas A&M University currently uses the chorus of this song as its finale, also, the Eastern Illinois University marching band plays the song in conjunction with their fight song at athletic events. The Great Fire coincidentally burned much of the citys Old Town neighborhood, the song appears as an instrumental at the very end of the New Years Eve scene in the stage and 1936 film versions of the musical Show Boat. The song is featured in Citizen Kane, are we going to declare war on Spain or are we not. The Joker sings the line from this song in a scene where he uses his joy buzzer to electrocute the character Antoine Rotelli in the 1989 film Batman. In 1994, the melody was used for The Chewing Song in the film The Road to Wellville by Columbia Pictures, during the 1968 U. S. Browne, C. A. The Story of Our National Ballads, a Hot Time in the Old Town. New York, Willis Woodward & Co, a Hot Time in the Old Town. The Charles Templeton Digital Sheet Music Collection, Hot Time in the Old Town, Victor Military Band —Library of Congress Performing Arts Encyclopedia. Hot Time, University of Wisconsin Marching Band, youTube video of song being performed Batman Quotes

24.
Convention Hall
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Convention Hall was a convention center in Kansas City, Missouri that hosted the 1900 Democratic National Convention and 1928 Republican National Convention. It was designed by Frederick E. Hill and built at the corner of 13th and Central and cost $225,000 and it was destroyed in a fire on April 4,1900, Kansas City was scheduled to host the Democratic National Convention over July 4. Hill redesigned a new hall that would be fireproof and it was built in 90 days in an effort that was called Kansas City Spirit, harry S. Truman was to serve as a page at the convention. The hall hosted the 1928 Republican Convention and was torn down in 1936 when it became a lot for the new Municipal Auditorium. The hall hosted various traveling events including a Sarah Bernhardt performance of Camille and its most controversial use was hosting a series of Ku Klux Klan rallies in 1922–1924. UMKC history of hall Truman Library history of the hall Menwhomadekansascity. com profile

25.
William Jennings Bryan
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He served two terms as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska and was United States Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson. He resigned because of his pacifist position on World War I. Bryan was a devout Presbyterian, an advocate of popular democracy, and an enemy of the banks. He demanded Free Silver because he believed it undermined the evil Money Power and he was a peace advocate, a supporter of Prohibition, and an opponent of Darwinism on religious and humanitarian grounds. With his deep, commanding voice and wide travels, he was perhaps the best-known orator, because of his faith in the wisdom of the common people, he was called The Great Commoner. In the intensely fought 1896 and 1900 elections, he was defeated by William McKinley, with over 500 speeches in 1896, Bryan invented the national stumping tour in an era when other presidential candidates stayed home. President Wilson appointed him Secretary of State in 1913, after the Lusitania was torpedoed in 1915, Wilson made strong demands on Germany that Bryan disagreed with, resigning in protest as a pacifist. After 1920, he turned to Christian fundamentalism, he supported Prohibition and attacked Darwinism and evolution, five days after the conclusion of the Scopes case, Bryan died in his sleep. William Jennings Bryan was born in Salem, Illinois, on March 19,1860, to Silas Lillard Bryan, Bryans mother was of English heritage. Mary Bryan joined the Salem Baptists in 1872, so Bryan attended Methodist services on Sunday morning with his father, at this point, William began spending his Sunday afternoons at the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. At age 14, Bryan attended a revival, was baptized, in later life, Bryan said the day of his baptism was the most important day in his life, but at the time it caused little change in his daily routine. In 1906, the Cumberland Presbyterian Church joined the larger Presbyterian Church in the United States of America and his father, Silas Bryan, of Scots-Irish and English ancestry, was an avid Jacksonian Democrat. Silas won election to the Illinois State Senate, but was defeated for re-election in 1860. He won election as a circuit judge, and in 1866 moved his family to a 520-acre farm north of Salem. Until age ten, Bryan was home-schooled, as children were. The Bible and McGuffey Readers shaped his views that gambling and liquor were evil, to attend Whipple Academy, which was attached to Illinois College, Bryan was sent to Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1874. Following high school, he entered Illinois College, graduating as valedictorian in 1881, during his time at Illinois College, Bryan was a member of the Sigma Pi literary society. He studied law at Union Law College in Chicago, while preparing for the bar exam, he taught high school and met Mary Elizabeth Baird, a cousin of William Sherman Jennings, the latter was also his own first-cousin. Bryan and Mary Elizabeth Baird married on October 1,1884, and they settled in Jacksonville, Mary also became a lawyer, and collaborated with Bryan on all his speeches and writings

26.
Stanford University
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Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California, adjacent to Palo Alto and between San Jose and San Francisco. Its 8, 180-acre campus is one of the largest in the United States, Stanford also has land and facilities elsewhere. The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child, Stanford was a former Governor of California and U. S. Senator, he made his fortune as a railroad tycoon. The school admitted its first students 125 years ago on October 1,1891, Stanford University struggled financially after Leland Stanfords death in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the country. There are three schools that have both undergraduate and graduate students and another four professional schools. Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of two institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference. Stanford faculty and alumni have founded a number of companies that produce more than $2.7 trillion in annual revenue. It is the alma mater of 30 living billionaires,17 astronauts and it is also one of the leading producers of members of the United States Congress. Sixty Nobel laureates and seven Fields Medalists have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, Stanford University was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford, dedicated to Leland Stanford Jr, their only child. The institution opened in 1891 on Stanfords previous Palo Alto farm, despite being impacted by earthquakes in both 1906 and 1989, the campus was rebuilt each time. In 1919, The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace was started by Herbert Hoover to preserve artifacts related to World War I, the Stanford Medical Center, completed in 1959, is a teaching hospital with over 800 beds. The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, which was established in 1962, in 2008, 60% of this land remained undeveloped. Besides the central campus described below, the university also operates at more remote locations, some elsewhere on the main campus. Stanfords main campus includes a place within unincorporated Santa Clara County. The campus also includes land in unincorporated San Mateo County, as well as in the city limits of Menlo Park, Woodside. The academic central campus is adjacent to Palo Alto, bounded by El Camino Real, Stanford Avenue, Junipero Serra Boulevard, the United States Postal Service has assigned it two ZIP codes,94305 for campus mail and 94309 for P. O. box mail

27.
Ancestry.com
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Ancestry. com LLC is a privately held Internet company based in Lehi, Utah, United States. The largest for-profit genealogy company in the world, it operates a network of genealogical and historical record websites focused on the United States, as of June 2014, the company provided access to approximately 16 billion historical records and had over 2 million paying subscribers. User-generated content tallies to more than 70 million family trees, and subscribers have added more than 200 million photographs, scanned documents, and written stories. Ancestrys brands include Ancestry, AncestryDNA, AncestryHealth, AncestryProGenealogists, Archives. com, Family Tree Maker, Find a Grave, Fold3, Newspapers. com, and Rootsweb. Under its subsidiaries, Ancestry. com operates foreign sites that provide access to services and these include Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Brazil, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and several other countries in Europe and Asia. In 1990, Paul B. Allen and Dan Taggart, two Brigham Young University graduates, founded Infobases and began offering Latter-day Saints publications on floppy disks, in 1988, Allen had worked at Folio Corporation, founded by his brother Curt and his brother-in-law Brad Pelo. Infobases chose to use the Folio infobase technology, which Allen was familiar with, Infobases first products were floppy disks and compact disks sold from the back seat of the founders car. In 1994, Infobases was named among Inc. magazines 500 fastest-growing companies and their first offering on CD was the LDS Collectors Edition, released in April 1995, selling for $299.95, which was offered in an online version in August 1995. Ancestry officially went online with the launched Ancestry. com in 1996, with its roots as a genealogy newsletter started in 1983 by John Sittner, and became an established publishing company in 1984. Ancestry was relaunched as a magazine in January 1994, and went online in 1996, on January 1,1997, Infobases parent company, Western Standard Publishing, purchased Ancestry, Inc. publisher of Ancestry magazine and genealogy books. Western Standard Publishings CEO was Joe Cannon, one of the owners of Geneva Steel. In July 1997, Allen and Taggart purchased Western Standards interest in Ancestry, at the time, Brad Pelo was president and CEO of Infobases, and president of Western Standard. Less than six months earlier, he had been president of Folio Corporation, in March 1997, Folio was sold to Open Market for $45 million. The first public evidence of the change in ownership of Ancestry Magazine came with the July/August 1997 issue and that issues masthead also included the first use of the Ancestry. com web address. More growth for Infobases occurred in July 1997, when Ancestry, Inc. purchased Bookcraft, Infobases had published many of Bookcrafts books as part of its LDS Collectors Library. Pelo also announced that Ancestrys product line would be expanded in both CDs and online. Alan Ashton, an investor in Infobases and founder of WordPerfect, was its chairman of the board. Allen and Taggart began running Ancestry, Inc. independently from Infobases in July 1997, included in the sale were the rights to Infobases LDS Collectors Library on CD

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Open access
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Open access refers to online research outputs that are free of all restrictions on access and free of many restrictions on use. These additional usage rights are granted through the use of various specific Creative Commons licenses. There are multiple ways authors can provide access to their work. One way is to publish it and then self-archive it in a repository where it can be accessed for free, such as their institutional repository and this is known as green open access. Some publishers require delays, or an embargo, on when an output in a repository may be made open access. Several initiatives provide an alternative to the American and English language dominance of existing publication indexing systems, including Index Copernicus, SciELO and Redalyc. A second way authors can make their work open access is by publishing it in such a way that makes their research output immediately available from the publisher. This is known as open access, and within the sciences this often takes the form of publishing an article in either an open access journal. Pure open access journals do not charge fees, and may have one of a variety of business models. Many, however, do charge an article processing fee, widespread public access to the World Wide Web in the late 1990s and early 2000s fueled the open access movement, and prompted both the green open access way and the creation of open access journals. Conventional non-open access journals cover publishing costs through access tolls such as subscriptions, some non-open access journals provide open access after an embargo period of 6–12 months or longer. The Budapest statement defined open access as follows, There are many degrees, despite these statements emerging in the 2000s, the idea and practise of providing free online access to journal articles began at least a decade before the term open access was formally coined. Computer scientists had been self-archiving in anonymous ftp archives since the 1970s, the Subversive Proposal to generalize the practice was posted in 1994. Gratis OA refers to online access, and libre OA refers to free online access plus some additional re-use rights. The Budapest, Bethesda, and Berlin definitions had corresponded only to libre OA, the re-use rights of libre OA are often specified by various specific Creative Commons licenses, these almost all require attribution of authorship to the original authors. Open access itself began to be sought and provided worldwide by researchers when the possibility itself was opened by the advent of Internet, the momentum was further increased by a growing movement for academic journal publishing reform, and with it gold and libre OA. Electronic publishing created new benefits as compared to paper publishing but beyond that, rather than applying traditional notions of copyright to academic publications, they could be libre or free to build upon. The intended audience of research articles is usually other researchers, Open access helps researchers as readers by opening up access to articles that their libraries do not subscribe to