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pv: a handy replacement for cat when piping large amounts of data into commands

If you’re ever in the situation of needing to pipe a large amount of data into a program and would usually use cat or just redirect from a file, but would like some idea of how long it may take, then may I recommend to you the “pv” command (packaged in Debian/Ubuntu/RHEL/etc)?

For instance, here is restoring a 9GB MySQL dump into a MariaDB database: