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The long-awaited National Environmental Management: Waste Act (NEMA),1 was signed into law on 6th March 2009. A unique characteristic of this Act is that it attempts to ensure that hazardous wastes generated by the mining and power-generation industries are governed, which will have the effect of tremendously increasing the volumes of hazardous wastes to be managed. The Act also commits South Africa to adopting a ‘waste hierarchy’ in its approach to waste management, by promoting cleaner production, waste minimisation, re-use, recycling and waste treatment, with disposal seen as a last resort.