During the Revolutionary War, New Jersey played a key role in the move toward independence of the Thirteen Colonies. After the failure of the Constitutional Convention in 1787, New Jersey (along with Delaware, Georgia and Pennsylvania) remained within the Articles of Confederation. The state became independent on March 24, 1788, after the four remaining states agreed to dissolve the union.

New Jersey became a supporter of a union between the Middle Colonies. This proposed union collapsed after the start of the Vermont War. The state remained neutral during the conflict, but was divided among its people and historic lines. Those in the northeast supported New York (with many volunteering), while those in the southwest supported the status quo and remaining neutral. After the unification of Delaware into Pennsylvania in 1790, many in West Jersey considered leaving the state to join this federation. The dissolution of New Jersey was avoided in 1792, when West Jersey was offered equal say if they agreed to a union with New York. On June 26, 1792, New Jersey became part of the Union of New Netherland.