Some ectothermic animals use changes in their behavior to help regulate body temperature. For example, a desert ectothermic animal may simply seek cooler areas during the hottest part of the day in the desert to keep from getting too warm. The same animals may climb onto rocks to capture heat during a cold desert night. Some animals seek water to aid evaporation in cooling them, as seen with reptiles. Other ectotherms use group activity such as the activity of bees to warm a hive to survive winter.

Many animals, especially mammals, use metabolic waste heat as a heat source. When muscles are contracted, most of the energy from the ATP used in muscle actions is wasted energy that translates into heat. Severe cold elicits a shivering reflex that generates heat for the body. Many species also have a type of adipose tissue called brown fat that specializes in generating heat.

Neural control of thermoregulation

The nervous system is important to
thermoregulation , as illustrated in
[link] . The processes of homeostasis and temperature control are centered in the hypothalamus of the advanced animal brain.

Art connection

The body is able to regulate temperature in response to signals from the nervous system.

When bacteria are destroyed by leuckocytes, pyrogens are released into the blood. Pyrogens reset the body’s thermostat to a higher temperature, resulting in fever. How might pyrogens cause the body temperature to rise?

The hypothalamus maintains the set point for body temperature through reflexes that cause
vasodilation and sweating when the body is too warm, or vasoconstriction and shivering when the body is too cold. It responds to chemicals from the body. When a bacterium is destroyed by phagocytic leukocytes, chemicals called endogenous pyrogens are released into the blood. These pyrogens circulate to the hypothalamus and reset the thermostat. This allows the body’s temperature to increase in what is commonly called a fever. An increase in body temperature causes iron to be conserved, which reduces a nutrient needed by bacteria. An increase in body heat also increases the activity of the animal’s enzymes and protective cells while inhibiting the enzymes and activity of the invading microorganisms. Finally, heat itself may also kill the pathogen. A fever that was once thought to be a complication of an infection is now understood to be a normal defense mechanism.

Section summary

Homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium that is maintained in body tissues and organs. It is dynamic because it is constantly adjusting to the changes that the systems encounter. It is in equilibrium because body functions are kept within a normal range, with some fluctuations around a set point for the processes.

Art connections

[link] State whether each of the following processes are regulated by a positive feedback loop or a negative feedback loop.

A person feels satiated after eating a large meal.

The blood has plenty of red blood cells. As a result, erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of new red blood cells, is no longer released from the kidney.

[link] Both processes are the result of negative feedback loops. Negative feedback loops, which tend to keep a system at equilibrium, are more common than positive feedback loops.

[link] When bacteria are destroyed by leuckocytes, pyrogens are released into the blood. Pyrogens reset the body’s thermostat to a higher temperature, resulting in fever. How might pyrogens cause the body temperature to rise?

price of the related goods 2 price of the given commodity 3 income of the consumer 4 taste and preference 5 expectation in the future price

John

pls the taste and preference

Nas

explain briefly

Nas

a consumer taste and preference commodity changes for a time the man becomes

John

sorry sorry

John

is when the price of a commodity becomes high and can't afford example Samsung instead of iPhone

John

consumers who have high intense for goods will purchase the goods even if the price of that commodity increases because he or she preferred that commodity.people will be prefer iphone as its price increase

Yussif

as usual bad taste of preference is when a consumer regrets from one commodity to another in terms of the price

John

thanks alot

Nas

you're welcome

John

#Preference;
#Income
#Test

Dereje

#price Of Commodity
#Income
#Taste
#Preference

Dereje

#Market is The Place Where Buyers And Sellers Are Exchanging Their Goods And service.
#

economics is a science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative use

John

is a science which study human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses

Divine

yes this is because economic provide a body of knowledge on human economic principles under theories and these theories can be verified with real world data using science method in other words it was scientific method in arriving at solution identification of problem or basic data collection among

Some of the Disadvantages are:-
1. Production not according to individual Tastes
2. Monopoly
3. Not Flexible
4. Over-Production
5. Heavy loss and Dislocation
6. Decline of Cottage and Small Scale Industries
7. Adverse Effect on Labourers
8. Unequal Distribution of Wealth

Asrar

And what can be the advantages too

Enow

1.adequate satisfaction
2.reduce importation

Yussif

Reduce importation how pls

Enow

the country will have enough products.this will reduce the level of government expenditure on imported goods especially

Yussif

Some of Advantage
1. Division of Labour
2. More Production
3. Use of machines
4. Low Cost of Production
5. Standard Goods
6. Advertisements and Salesmanship

Asrar

Some of its disadvantages are :
(i) Less Supervision
(ii) Individual tastes ignored
(iii) Absence of Personal Element
(iv) Possibility of depression
(v) Dependence on Foreign Markets
(vi) International complications and war
(vii) Cut-throat Competition
(viii) Less Adaptability

unemployment is a situation where an individual is easily and ready to render services but resources are not available.

Phelix

Unemployment refers to individual who are employable and seeking a job but are unable to find a job or doesn't have a job. To find the unemployment rate in a given economy, you must divide the unemployed people by the total number of employed people in the work force. Indicator of economy's status.

elkanah

unemployment is The level of joblessness in an economy, often measured as a percentage of the workforce.
Unemployment was reported at 5.2% in May, up from 4.9% in April

unemployment is a situation where country labour Force who are active capable and are really searching for or willing to work at assistant wage rates but cannot find job

John

working age ppl who have no job for a period of time. there are different types of unemployment like structural, fictional, seasonal n etc. there is a formula to calculate it. n have factors causes this.

Vealmurugan

factors that influence on employment 1 high population growth growth as against low Industries growth rates 2 lack of skills or mass irritracy 3 government policies such as minimum wage trade liberalization and high taxation 4 initial capital requirements

John

I'm an economics student, what I do now will make my life a success,

mostafiz

Thank you

Tantoh

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Leta

what is difference between economic growth and economic development?( I want unique &brief answer)?

Leta

unemployment is when legitimate labour Force are not engaged in the economy.

Lawrence

economic growth is the already settled growth of the economy and National income can be used in verification of that
while economic development is the process of improvement in an economy