The Baltimore Afro-American, commonly known as The Afro, is a weekly newspaper published in Baltimore, Maryland. It is the flagship newspaper of the Afro-American chain and the longest-running African-American family-owned newspaper in the United States, established in 1892 by John H. Murphy, Sr.[2][3]

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The newspaper was founded in 1892 by John H. Murphy, Sr., who was born into slavery and served in the Civil War in the United States Colored Troops, reaching the rank of sergeant (NCO). He worked a variety of jobs after the war. Active with the Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Baltimore, a denomination founded in the early 19th century in Philadelphia as the first independent black religion in the United States, Murphy merged his church publication, The Sunday School Helper, with two other church publications, The Ledger and The Afro-American. With The Afro-American, Murphy promoted unity in the black community of Baltimore, as well as combating racial discrimination in the city and working for children's education. "He crusaded for racial justice while exposing racism in education, jobs, housing, and public accommodations. In 1913, he was elected president of the National Negro Press Association."[4]

The publication began to grow to reach more cities and to rise in national prominence after his son Carl J. Murphy took control in 1922, serving as its editor for 45 years. He expanded the paper to have nine national editions, with papers published in 13 major cities. At its peak, the paper published two weekly editions in Baltimore and regional weekly editions in cities including Washington, DC; Philadelphia; Richmond, Virginia; and Newark, New Jersey, the latter a destination northern city for many blacks from the rural South during the Great Migration to the North in the first half of the 20th century. In the early 21st century, the Afro-American has two city editions: one in Baltimore, and the other for Washington, D.C.[5]

Both John H. Murphy, Sr. and his son Carl J. Murphy have been posthumously inducted into the MDDC Press Association's Hall of Fame in recognition of their contributions to journalism and publishing, in 2008
[4] and 2015,[6] respectively.

In November 2007 five students were selected from Baltimore institutions, Johns Hopkins University, Morgan State University and Goucher College, to begin work under an Andrew W. Mellon Foundation grant "to uncover and describe the content" of the newspaper's archives, held at its headquarters. These included manuscripts, articles, photographs, and clippings that date to the founding of the paper. "The objectives of the project are to identify important unprocessed collections at the newspaper, inventory and organize the collection, and ultimately create an online database for searching the material."[5]

"In order to preserve the newspaper's archival holdings and make them accessible to the masses, the Center for Africana Studies and the Sheridan Libraries' Center for Educational Resources [at JHU] have embarked on the Diaspora Pathways Archival Access Project, a student internship program funded by a three-year grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The program is one facet of the Center for Africana Studies' larger Diaspora Pathways Initiative, which also includes oral history projects and academic courses."[5]

1.
African Americans
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African Americans are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. The term may also be used to only those individuals who are descended from enslaved Africans. As a compound adjective the term is usually hyphenated as African-American, Black and African Americans constitute the third largest racial and ethnic group in the United States. Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved peoples within the boundaries of the present United States. On average, African Americans are of 73. 2–80. 9% West African, 18–24% European, according to US Census Bureau data, African immigrants generally do not self-identify as African American. The overwhelming majority of African immigrants identify instead with their own respective ethnicities, immigrants from some Caribbean, Central American and South American nations and their descendants may or may not also self-identify with the term. After the founding of the United States, black people continued to be enslaved, believed to be inferior to white people, they were treated as second-class citizens. The Naturalization Act of 1790 limited U. S. citizenship to whites only, in 2008, Barack Obama became the first African American to be elected President of the United States. The first African slaves arrived via Santo Domingo to the San Miguel de Gualdape colony, the ill-fated colony was almost immediately disrupted by a fight over leadership, during which the slaves revolted and fled the colony to seek refuge among local Native Americans. De Ayllón and many of the colonists died shortly afterwards of an epidemic, the settlers and the slaves who had not escaped returned to Haiti, whence they had come. The first recorded Africans in British North America were 20 and odd negroes who came to Jamestown, as English settlers died from harsh conditions, more and more Africans were brought to work as laborers. Typically, young men or women would sign a contract of indenture in exchange for transportation to the New World, the landowner received 50 acres of land from the state for each servant purchased from a ships captain. An indentured servant would work for years without wages. The status of indentured servants in early Virginia and Maryland was similar to slavery, servants could be bought, sold, or leased and they could be physically beaten for disobedience or running away. Africans could legally raise crops and cattle to purchase their freedom and they raised families, married other Africans and sometimes intermarried with Native Americans or English settlers. By the 1640s and 1650s, several African families owned farms around Jamestown and some became wealthy by colonial standards and purchased indentured servants of their own. In 1640, the Virginia General Court recorded the earliest documentation of slavery when they sentenced John Punch. One of Dutch African arrivals, Anthony Johnson, would own one of the first black slaves, John Casor

2.
African Methodist Episcopal Church
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The African Methodist Episcopal Church, usually called the A. M. E. Church, is a predominantly African-American Methodist denomination based in the United States and it is the oldest independent Protestant denomination founded by black people in the world. It was founded by the Rt, Rev. Richard Allen in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1816 from several black Methodist congregations in the mid-Atlantic area that wanted independence from white Methodists. Allen was consecrated its first bishop in 1816 and it began with 8 clergy and 5 churches, and by 1846 had grown to 176 clergy,296 churches, and 17,375 members. The 20,000 members in 1856 were located primarily in the North, AME national membership jumped from 70,000 in 1866 to 207,000 in 1876. The church was not founded in Africa, nor is it exclusively for people of African descent and it is open and welcoming to people of all ethnic groups, origins, nationalities, and colors, although its congregations are predominantly made of up Black Americans. Methodist The churchs roots are in the Methodist church, members of St. Georges Methodist Church left the congregation when faced with racial discrimination, but continued with the Methodist doctrine and the order of worship. Episcopal The AME Church operates under a form of church government. The denomination leaders are bishops of the church, the AME Church grew out of the Free African Society, which Richard Allen, Absalom Jones, and other free blacks established in Philadelphia in 1787. They left St. Georges Methodist Episcopal Church because of discrimination, although Allen and Jones were both accepted as preachers, they were limited to black congregations. In addition, the blacks were made to sit in a gallery built in the church when their portion of the congregation increased. These former members of St. Georges made plans to transform their mutual aid society into an African congregation, although the group was originally non-denominational, eventually members wanted to affiliate with existing denominations. Allen led a group who resolved to remain Methodist. They formed the Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1793, in general, they adopted the doctrines and form of government of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1794 Bethel AME was dedicated with Allen as pastor and it began with 8 clergy and 5 churches, and by 1846 had grown to 176 clergy,296 churches, and 17,375 members The 20,000 members in 1856 were located primarily in the North. AME national membership jumped from 70,000 in 1866 to 207,000 in 1876 AME put a premium on education. By 1880, AME operated over 2,000 schools, chiefly in the South, with 155,000 students, after the Civil War Bishop Henry McNeal Turner was a major leader of the AME and played a role in Republican Party politics. In 1863 during the Civil War, Turner was appointed as the first black chaplain in the United States Colored Troops, afterward, he was appointed to the Freedmens Bureau in Georgia

3.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland

4.
Richmond, Virginia
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Richmond is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. It is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Greater Richmond Region and it was incorporated in 1742, and has been an independent city since 1871. As of the 2010 census, the population was 204,214, in 2015, the population was estimated to be 220,289, the Richmond Metropolitan Area has a population of 1,260,029, the third-most populous metro in the state. Richmond is located at the line of the James River,44 miles west of Williamsburg,66 miles east of Charlottesville. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast. The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737 and it became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780. During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America, the city entered the 20th century with one of the worlds first successful electric streetcar systems. The Jackson Ward neighborhood is a hub of African-American commerce. Richmonds economy is driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state. Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco, Fortune 500 companies, are headquartered in the city, in 1737, planter William Byrd II commissioned Major William Mayo to lay out the original town grid. The settlement was laid out in April 1737, and was incorporated as a town in 1742, Richmond recovered quickly from the war, and by 1782 was once again a thriving city. A permanent home for the new government, the Virginia State Capitol building, was designed by Thomas Jefferson with the assistance of Charles-Louis Clérisseau, after the American Revolutionary War, Richmond emerged as an important industrial center. The legacy of the canal boatmen is represented by the figure in the center of the city flag, on April 17,1861, five days after the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, the legislature voted to secede from the United States and joined the Confederacy. Official action came in May, after the Confederacy promised to move its capital to Richmond. It became the target of Union armies, especially in the campaigns of 1862. The Seven Days Battles followed in late June and early July 1862, during which Union General McClellan threatened to take Richmond, three years later, as March 1865 ended, the Confederate capitol became indefensible. On March 25, Confederate General John B, gordons desperate attack on Fort Stedman east of Petersburg failed

5.
Newark, New Jersey
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Newark is the most populous city in the U. S. state of New Jersey and the seat of Essex County. For 2015, the Census Bureaus Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 281,944, Newark is the second largest city in the New York metropolitan area, located approximately 8 miles west of lower Manhattan. Settled in 1666 by Puritans from New Haven Colony, Newark is one of the oldest European cities in the United States and its location at the mouth of the Passaic River, has made the citys waterfront an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey. Today, Port Newark-Elizabeth is the container shipping terminal of the busiest seaport on the American East Coast. In addition, Newark Liberty International Airport was the first municipal airport in the United States. Several leading companies have their headquarters in Newark, including Prudential, PSEG, Panasonic Corporation of North America, Audible. com, IDT Corporation, the U. S. District Court for the District of New Jersey sits in the city as well. Local cultural venues include the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, Newark Symphony Hall, The Prudential Center and the Newark Museum. Newark is divided into five wards, the East, West, South, North and Central wards. Newarks Branch Brook Park is the oldest county park in the United States and is home to the nations largest collection of cherry blossom trees, Newark was settled in 1666 by Connecticut Puritans led by Robert Treat from the New Haven Colony. It was conceived as an assembly of the faithful, though this did not last for long as new settlers came with different ideas. On October 31,1693 it was organized as a New Jersey township based on the Newark Tract, Newark was granted a Royal charter on April 27,1713. It was incorporated on February 21,1798 by the New Jersey Legislatures Township Act of 1798, during its time as a township, portions were taken to form Springfield Township, Caldwell Township, Orange Township, Bloomfield Township and Clinton Township. Newark was reincorporated as a city on April 11,1836, replacing Newark Township, the previously independent Vailsburg borough was annexed by Newark on January 1,1905. In 1926, South Orange Township changed its name to Maplewood, as a result of this, a portion of Maplewood known as Ivy Hill was re-annexed to Newarks Vailsburg. During the American Revolutionary War British troops made several raids into the town, the city has experienced revitalization since the 1990s. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had an area of 26.107 square miles. It has the third-smallest land area among the 100 most populous cities in the U. S. behind neighboring Jersey City and Hialeah, the citys altitude ranges from 0 in the east to approximately 230 feet above sea level in the western section of the city. Newark is essentially a large basin sloping towards the Passaic River, historically, Newarks high places have been its wealthier neighborhoods

6.
Johns Hopkins University
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The Johns Hopkins University is an American private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, the university was named for its first benefactor, the American entrepreneur, abolitionist and his $7 million bequest—of which half financed the establishment of The Johns Hopkins Hospital—was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States at that time. Daniel Coit Gilman, who was inaugurated as the institutions first president on February 22,1876, led the university to revolutionize higher education in the U. S. by integrating teaching and research. Adopting the concept of a school from Germanys ancient Heidelberg University. Johns Hopkins is organized into 10 divisions on campuses in Maryland and Washington, D. C. with international centers in Italy, China, and Singapore. The two undergraduate divisions, the Krieger School of Arts and Sciences and the Whiting School of Engineering, are located on the Homewood campus in Baltimores Charles Village neighborhood. The medical school, the school, and the Bloomberg School of Public Health are located on the Medical Institutions campus in East Baltimore. Johns Hopkins was a member of the American Association of Universities. Over the course of almost 140 years, thirty-six Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Johns Hopkins, founded in 1883, the Blue Jays men’s lacrosse team has captured 44 national titles and joined the Big Ten Conference as an affiliate member in 2014. On his death in 1873, Johns Hopkins, a Quaker entrepreneur and childless bachelor, bequeathed $7 million to fund a hospital and university in Baltimore, Maryland. At that time this fortune, generated primarily from the Baltimore, the first name of philanthropist Johns Hopkins is the surname of his great-grandmother, Margaret Johns, who married Gerard Hopkins. They named their son Johns Hopkins, who named his own son Samuel Hopkins, Samuel named one of his sons for his father and that son would become the universitys benefactor. Milton Eisenhower, a university president, once spoke at a convention in Pittsburgh where the Master of Ceremonies introduced him as President of John Hopkins. Eisenhower retorted that he was glad to be here in Pittburgh, the original board opted for an entirely novel university model dedicated to the discovery of knowledge at an advanced level, extending that of contemporary Germany. Building on the German education model of Wilhelm von Humboldt, it dedicated to research. Johns Hopkins thereby became the model of the research university in the United States. Its success eventually shifted higher education in the United States from a focus on teaching revealed and/or applied knowledge to the discovery of new knowledge. The trustees worked alongside four notable university presidents – Charles W. Eliot of Harvard, Andrew D. White of Cornell, Noah Porter of Yale College and they each vouched for Daniel Coit Gilman to lead the new University and he became the universitys first president

7.
Morgan State University
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Morgan State University is a public research university and historically black college in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Morgan is Marylands designated public urban university and the largest HBCU in Maryland and it became a university in 1975. MSU is a member of Thurgood Marshall College Fund, although a public institution, MSU is not a part of the University System of Maryland, the school opted out and possesses its own governing Board of Regents. MSU offers baccalaureate degrees in 45 fields, masters degrees in 35 fields, doctoral degrees in 15 fields, and online programs in 9 fields through its colleges, schools. Morgan State University was founded in 1872 as the Centenary Biblical Institute, at the time of his death, Thomas Kelso, cofounder and president of the board of directors, endowed the Male Free School and Colored Institute through a legacy of his estate. It later broadened its mission to both men and women as teachers. The school was renamed Morgan College in 1890 in honor of the Reverend Lyttleton Morgan, the first chairman of its Board of Trustees, who donated land to the college. In 1895, the institution awarded its first baccalaureate degree to George F. McMechen, after whom the building of the school of business, George F. McMechen later obtained a law degree from Yale University and later became one of Morgans main financial supporters. In 1915 Andrew Carnegie gave the school a grant of $50,000 for an academic building. The terms of the grant included the purchase of a new site for the College, payment of all outstanding obligations, the College met the conditions and moved to its present site in northeast Baltimore in 1917. Then a controversy exploded, in 1918, the community of Lauraville was incensed that the Ivy Mill property. It attempted to have the sale revoked by filing suit in the court in Towson. They then appealed the case to the state Court of Appeals, the appellate court upheld the lower court decision, finding no basis that siting the college at this location would constitute a public nuisance. Despite some ugly threats and several demonstrations against the project, Morgan College was allowed to be constructed at the new site, Carnegie Hall, the oldest original building on the present MSU campus, was erected a year later. Morgan remained an institution until 1939. That year, the state of Maryland purchased the school in response to a study that determined that Maryland needed to provide more opportunities for its black citizens. Morgan College became Morgan State College, in 1975, Morgan added several doctoral programs and its Board of Directors petitioned the Maryland Legislature to be granted University status. Morgan State University has undergone a physical renaissance, the latter two buildings, plus one of the two parking garages, are in the far north of the campus, connected by a new Communications Bridge over Herring Run

8.
History of the Czechs in Baltimore
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The history of the Czechs in Baltimore dates back to the mid-19th century. Thousands of Czechs immigrated to East Baltimore during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, becoming an important component of Baltimores ethnic and cultural heritage. During the height of the Czech community in the late 1800s and early 1900s, the population began to decline during the mid-to-late 20th century, as the community assimilated and aged and many Czech Americans moved to the suburbs of Baltimore. By the 1980s and early 1990s, the former Czech community in East Baltimore had been almost entirely dispersed, by 1870, there were approximately 1,000 Czech Catholics in Baltimore. Within a decade that number increased to over 5,000, in 1870 there were 766 Bohemian-born residents of Baltimore, making Bohemia the third largest source of immigration to Baltimore after the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Germany. According to the US Immigration Office, the Baltimore Czech community numbered around 10,000 people between 1882 and 1910, in the 1920 United States Census, there were 7,750 Czechs, making Baltimore the fifth largest city for Czechs in the United States. Only Chicago, New York City, Cleveland, and St. Louis had larger Czech populations, in the same year 3,348 people spoke the Czech language, making Czech the third most commonly spoken Slavic or Eastern European language after Polish and Russian. During the same year,7,000 Czech Roman Catholics belonged to the St. Wenceslaus Roman Catholic parish, by the 1930 United States Census, the Baltimore Czech population decreased slightly to number 7,652 people. In 1940,1,816 immigrants from Czechoslovakia lived in Baltimore and these immigrants comprised 3% of the citys foreign-born white population. In total,4,031 people of Czech birth or descent lived in the city, in the 1960 United States Census, Czech-Americans comprised 57. 5% of the foreign-born population in Southeast Baltimores tract 7-3. The Czech community was centered in Baltimores Ward 7. According to the 1990 United States Census almost 22,000 Americans of fully Czech or Slovak ancestry lived in Maryland, the Czech community in the Baltimore metropolitan area numbered 17,798 as of 2000, making up 0. 7% of the areas population. In the same year Baltimore citys Czech population was 2,206,0. 3% of the citys population,27,603 people of Czech descent lived in the greater Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area. In 2013, an estimated 1,290 Czech-Americans resided in Baltimore city,0. 2% of the population, as of September 2014, immigrants from the Czech Republic were the fifty-eight largest foreign-born population in Baltimore. The first Bohemian Jew to arrive in Baltimore immigrated in 1822, between 1820 and the Civil War, around 300,000 Central European Jews arrived in the United States, many of whom were Bohemian Jews. Around 10,000 of these Jews passed through Fells Point, Early Czech immigrants to Baltimore came from the regions of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, which at the time were part of the Austrian Empire and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Because the United States Census Bureau counted the Czechs as Austrians until 1881, even after 1881, many Czechs were still listed as Austrians because of their Austrian citizenship. The largest great wave of Czech immigrants occurred from the late 1800s through the early 1900s, enough Czechs had immigrated by 1860 that a small colony was formed

9.
History of the Germans in Baltimore
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The history of the Germans in Baltimore began in the 17th century. During the 1800s, the Port of Baltimore was the port of entry for immigrants. Many Germans immigrated to Baltimore during this time, in 1920,19,813 foreign-born White people in Baltimore spoke the German language. In 1940,9,744 immigrants from Germany lived in Baltimore and these immigrants comprised 16% of the citys foreign-born white population. In total,23,889 people of German birth or descent lived in the city, as of 2000,18. 7%, or 478,646, of the Baltimore metropolitan areas population were of German descent, making it the largest European ancestral group. In the same year Baltimore citys German population was 48,423,7. 4% of the citys population, in 2013, an estimated 45,217 German-Americans resided in Baltimore city,7. 3% of the population. German immigrants began to settle along the Chesapeake Bay by 1723, German Lutheran immigrants established Zion Lutheran Church in 1755, which also attracted Pennsylvania Dutch settlers to the region. Early German settlers also established the German Society of Maryland in 1783 in order to foster the German language, following the War of 1812 in North America, a wave of German immigrants came from the Palatinate, Hesse, Bavaria, and Bohemia. By 1850,20,000 German-born people lived in the city, between 1820 and 1860, Germans were the largest group of immigrants to Baltimore. This wave of immigrants created numerous German institutions, including banks, insurance companies, German immigrants also created a thriving German-language press, including publications such as the Baltimore Wecker. Immigration from Germany increased again after the various Revolutions of 1848 flaring up throughout Europe, bringing thousands of Forty-Eighters to Baltimore. During the Baltimore riot of 1861, the office of the Baltimore Wecker was destroyed by mobs, the publisher, William Schnauffer, German immigrants disembarked from the steamships at B&Os pier, which was located in Locust Point. By 1868, one-fourth of Baltimores 160,000 white inhabitants were German-born, beginning in the 1870s, many wealthy German Jews built lavish homes in the northwest area of the growing city along North Eutaw Street and Eutaw Place towards the new Druid Hill Park of 1860. They also built several synagogues, such as the Eutaw Place Temple, by 1880, there were around 10,000 German Jews living in Baltimore, most of whom were of Bavarian and Hessian descent. The German-born immigrant population in Baltimore peaked in 1890, when German-born Baltimoreans numbered 41,930 out of the population of 365,863. St. Elizabeth of Hungary Roman Catholic was later founded in 1895 in Highlandtown in east Baltimore to serve the German immigrant community in part of the city. In the year 1900, the citys German population was 34,000, in 1900 there were over 30 congregations in Baltimore that were holding Sunday services in German. By 1914, the number had risen to 94,000, during the 19th Century, many of the citys public schools were known as German-English

10.
History of the Greeks in Baltimore
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The history of the Greeks in Baltimore dates back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Baltimore is home to one of the largest Greek American communities in the United States, the community is centered in the Greektown and Highlandtown neighborhoods of East Baltimore. In 1920,699 foreign-born White people in Baltimore spoke the Greek language, in 1940, around 1,200 Greek-Americans lived in Baltimore. In the same year 1,193 immigrants from Greece lived in Baltimore and these immigrants comprised 2% of the citys foreign-born white population. The Greek community in the Baltimore metropolitan area numbered 16,764 as of 2000, in the same year Baltimore citys Greek population was 2,693,0. 4% of the citys population. In 2013, an estimated 2,611 Greek-Americans resided in Baltimore city,0. 4% of the population, as of September 2014, immigrants from Greece were the twenty-fourth largest foreign-born population in Baltimore and the Greek language was the ninth most commonly spoken language other than English. Immigrants from Greece first started to settle in Baltimore in large numbers during the 1890s, early Greek settlers established the Greek Orthodox Church “Evangelismos” in 1906 and the Greek Orthodox Cathedral of the Annunciation in 1909. By the 1920s, a vibrant yet small Greek community had been firmly established, the St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church was built to serve this growing community. The peak of the Greek migration to Baltimore was between the 1930s and the 1950s, the Greek community gained its first political representation in 1959, when Peter Angelos became the first Greek-American to be elected to the Baltimore City Council. The Greek population saw another surge in numbers after the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. This wave of Greek immigrants to Baltimore ended by the early 1980s, during the 1980s the Greek residents of the neighborhood that was then known simply as the Hill successfully petitioned the city government to rename the neighborhood as Greektown. By that time the Greek community was 25,000 strong, while there is still a strong Greek-American presence in Greektown and Highlandtown, the population of the Greek community has been declining. The population is aging and many have moved out of the original Greek neighborhoods, the Latino population is increasing rapidly as the Greek population decreases. The majority of newcomers to the neighborhood are now Latino, there are a number of Greek-American restaurants in Baltimore, such as Ikaros, The Acropolis, The Black Olive, Samos, and Zorbas. There is also an annual Greek Folk Festival held at Saint Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church, most Greek-Americans in Baltimore belong to the Greek Orthodox Church, though a small minority have been Greek Jews. Most Greek Jews immigrated to the city during the 1950s, the majority came from Thessaloniki, with the remainder mostly coming from Athens and Patras. The Greek Jews of Baltimore are primarily Sephardi, Baltimore historically had a Greek mafia presence. A two-year FBI investigation into a cocaine ring run by the Greek mafia in Baltimore, Philadelphia, spiro Agnew, a politician who served as the 39th Vice President of the United States from 1969 to 1973 under President Richard Nixon

Martin O'Malley, a politician who was the 61st Governor of Maryland from 2007 to 2015. Prior to being elected as governor, he served as the Mayor of Baltimore from 1999 to 2007 and was a Baltimore City Councilor from 1991 to 1999.

The history of the Italians in Baltimore dates back to the mid-19th century. The city's Italian-American community is …

St. Leo's Catholic Church, Little Italy, September 2014.

Little Italy, at the corner of Pratt and Albermarle Streets, February 2007.

La Tavola Ristorante Italiano, Little Italy, February 2006.

Nancy Pelosi, the Minority Leader of the United States House of Representatives and served as the 60th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 2007 to 2011. She is the only woman to have served as the House Speaker and to date is the highest-ranking female politician in American history.