Introduction: The undergraduate dental curriculum in most of the Indian dental schools comprises of the initial preparatory phase of preclinical exercises followed by clinical exercises. In the preclinical phase, setting of artificial teeth and their evaluation by staff members is an essential part of prosthodontic dental curriculum. The method of evaluation has always been one dimensional and subject to variation.
Objective: The primary objective of the study is the importance of one-to-one mentoring of staff with students on their performance in preclinical complete denture setup. The other objectives of the study include the evaluation of the importance of self-evaluation of students on their overall performance as well as agreement level between students and staff evaluation.
Subjects and Methods: Twenty-six male and female 2nd year preclinical students were chosen for the study. Pre- and posttests were administered to the students, and evaluation of their practical exercises was done by means of a structured evaluation form. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and Z–test were done.
Results: In comparison between pre- and posttest student evaluation, only cast and record bases fabrication and arch form establishment steps showed improvement, which was statistically significant
(P = 0.006 and P= 0.051, respectively). In comparison between pre- and posttest staff evaluation, relationship with the occlusal plane and occlusal relationship of posterior teeth to ridge showed improvement, which was statistically significant (P = 0.015 and P = 0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: The agreement levels of staff and student pre- and posttest evaluation were very good, but the present study only elucidates only minor improvements in tooth-setting exercise both at student and staff pre- and posttest evaluations. The tooth-setting criteria which showed improvements were record bases fabrication, arch form establishment, relationship with the occlusal plane, and occlusal relationship of posterior teeth to ridge.

Dental attendance and teeth cleaning characteristics among medical and pharmacy students

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Clement Chinedu Azodo, Oseremen G OgbeborDOI:10.4103/ijmd.ijmd_55_17

Introduction: Oral hygiene and dental attendance are the major factors responsible for the actualization of a healthy mouth. The objective of this study was to assess dental attendance and teeth cleaning characteristics among medical and pharmacy students.
Materials and Methods: A stratified randomly selected medical and dental students of the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria were studied using a validated self-administered questionnaire.
Results: About three-quarters (74.9%) of the participants have never visited the dental clinic (77.9% of medical students vs. 71.9% of pharmacy students). Less than half (43.4%) indulge in twice-daily teeth cleaning frequency. Of which 42.5% were medical students and 44.2% were pharmacy students. The leading principal reason for teeth cleaning was to have fresh breath and 52.1% was reported in medical students and 50.4% in pharmacy students. Receipt of professional teeth cleaning instruction was reported by 9.8% of the participants (9.2% of medical students and 10.3% of pharmacy students). Medium texture toothbrush use was reported among 30.9% (29.2% medical students and 32.6% pharmacy students) of the participants. A total of 60% (62.9% of medical students and 57% of pharmacy students) clean teeth more than 4 min. Horizontal brushing technique was reported among 31.5% of the respondents (32.5% in medical students and 30.6% in pharmacy students). Toothbrush renewal frequency of 1–3 months was 47.7% (47.5% of medical students and 47.9% of pharmacy students). The use of dental floss was low (3.5%) among the participants with 2.9% and 4.1% were medical and pharmacy students, respectively.
Conclusion: Suboptimal dental attendance and teeth cleaning characteristics which were not significantly difference were found among the studied medical and pharmacy students.

Comparative evaluation of the effect of variation in light-curing cycle with a time gap and its effect on polymerization shrinkage and microhardness of conventional hydrophobic sealants and moisture-tolerant resin-based sealants: An in vitro study

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Packialakshmi ArumugamDOI:10.4103/ijmd.ijmd_56_17

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of light-curing modes (standard mode and modified mode) on the polymerization shrinkage and microhardness of a conventional hydrophobic resin sealant – Helioseal F – and a moisture-tolerant resin sealant – Embrace™ WetBond™.
Subjects and Methods: A total of forty glass ring molds (8.5 mm in inner diameter and 2 mm in height) were prepared, and etching of the internal surface of the molds was done for 5 min with hydrofluoric acid. The materials (n = 20/group) were placed into the molds and, in Group I, curing was done in contact with the sample surface for 20 s. In Group II, curing was initiated for 10 s at 1-cm distance; a time gap of 10 s was given, followed by 20 s curing in contact with the sample surface. The volumetric polymerization shrinkage and microhardness were calculated.
Statistical Analysis Used: All data were analyzed statistically using unpaired t-test at P < 0.05.
Results: Curing cycle did not significantly affect the polymerization shrinkage and microhardness of both conventional and moisture tolerant resin-based sealants. The composition of the sealant had a direct influence on polymerization shrinkage and microhardness values.
Conclusion: In the clinical scenario where isolation is highly critical, one may consider the use of moisture-tolerant resin-based sealants. This could be augmented with soft-start polymerization which would result in lower degree of polymerization shrinkage without affecting the physical properties, thereby yielding enhanced clinical performance of the pit-and-fissure sealants.

Introduction: Periodontal measurements are not one-time diagnostic or multiple times prognostic measurements. The important issue pertaining periodontal measurement is to record them as measured and round them to nearest 0.5 mm or a whole number on probe.
Aim and Objective: To resolve this issue, a preliminary attempt is made in the clinical trial on interdental papillary deficiency (IDP) treatment by rounding and nonrounding the periodontal measurements during the 6-month follow-up period.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in 35 interdental papillary deficient sites in eight systemically healthy controls of both sexes in the age group of 25–40 years. UNC 15 probe (Hu-Friedy, Chicago, USA) with modified stent was used to measure the IDP from the stent. First, the actual measurement of IDP (nonrounded measurement) was recorded, and second, the recorded measurement was rounded off to the nearest 0.5 mm.
Results and Conclusion: The current study result demonstrated that both the type of measurements showed no significant difference, suggesting the outcome measurements were similar whether nonrounded or rounded.

Introduction: Indian population consists of people from different cultural backgrounds, and there is a very strong influence of the various beliefs, myths, and misconceptions on health-seeking behavior in our population. Cultural, religious, social, personal habits, and practices cause disparities in oral and general health but also affect oral and general health.
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of common beliefs about oral health, diseases, and treatment.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among randomly selected 1000 participants aged 18 years and above. A self-designed questionnaire incorporating 23 questions about various common beliefs about oral health, diseases, and treatment was used for data collection.
Results: Ninety-eight percent of the study population had at least one common belief about oral health, diseases, and treatment.
Conclusion: The population under study showed high prevalence of beliefs about oral health, diseases, and treatment. This could be associated with delayed health-seeking behavior and poor compliance with treatment.

Evaluation of shear bond strength of acrylic resin teeth to heat-polymerized denture base resin before and after thermocycling: An in vitro study

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Neelam Pande, Shital Zarekar, Priti JaiswalDOI:10.4103/ijmd.ijmd_6_18

Introduction: One of the most common denture repairs is the replacement of detached acrylic resin teeth. Given one of the advantages of acrylic teeth is the ability to chemically bond to denture base resins. The ability of acrylic teeth to bond to denture base resins may also be affected by the type of denture teeth. Studies have addressed the degradation at the acrylic teeth/denture base resin interface as a result of thermal stress. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the shear bond strength of commercially available heat-polymerized acrylic resins to denture base resins to acrylic resin teeth before and after thermocycling.
Materials and Methods: Two heat-polymerized denture base resins (Meliodent and DPI) were selected and bonded to acrylic resin molar teeth. A total of 60 samples were prepared and divided into two main groups: 30 for Meliodent and 30 for DPI. These were again divided into two subgroups: with and without thermocycling. For half the number of samples of each brand, thermocycling was carried out and shear bond testing was done, using Instron universal testing machine. The findings were statistically analyzed and the shear bond strength was calculated in Map.
Results and Conclusion: After comparing the results, it was found that the shear bond strength was not significantly affected before and after thermocycling for these two heat-polymerized denture base resins. Among two, Meliodent was found better denture base material for bonding to acrylic resin molar tooth than DPI, before and after thermocycling.

Introduction: This cross-sectional study was aimed to assess the available restorative space inside a complete denture for two-implant-supported mandibular overdenture at the lateral incisor tooth position, which aids in identifying the corresponding attachment system for the required restorative space for treating patients with implant-supported mandibular overdenture.
Materials and Methods: Intaglio surfaces of fifty lower dentures duplicated with lab putty and putty cast were made. Polished surface and occlusal surface were duplicated with lab putty to obtain a putty index of the denture. The space from the crest of the ridge to the lingual surface of the denture at the right and left mandibular implant positions in the putty index was measured using periodontal probe. To measure the soft-tissue thickness, direct bone sounding was done at the right and left mandibular lateral implant positions.
Results: The outcome variables were analyzed using Student's t-test. The overall average restorative space was found to be 7.64 mm with soft-tissue thickness added 9.64 mm. Hence, a ball or locator attachment systems are suitable for left and right lateral implant position was applicable.
Conclusion: The ultimate choice of attachment type should be based on restorative space for two-implant mandibular overdenture. The clinical performance of the attachments regarding the functional loads on the implant and surrounding tissues, patient's satisfaction with treatment, technical problems, maintenance service, and attachment cost.

Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) is a clinical procedure using a combination of alveolar corticotomy, particulate bone grafting followed by the application of orthodontic forces. This procedure is based on a phenomenon known as regional acceleratory phenomenon. The advantages of PAOO include increased width of alveolar bone, shortened treatment time, increased postoperative stability, and decreased chances of root resorption. PAOO leads to a transient stage of osteopenia which helps in faster tooth movement. A more stable periodontium is provided by this technique due to the augmented bone volume. Furthermore, there is decreased need for extractions and an increased bony support for teeth and overlying soft tissues, thereby improving the gingival and facial esthetics. This case report describes a surgical technique involving corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment.

Pyle's disease, commonly known as metaphyseal dysplasia, is an extremely rare genetic disorder with autosomal recessive mode of transmission. A case of Pyle's metaphyseal dysplasia in a 9 year old boy presented with a complaint of retained milk teeth and discharging pus from oral cavity with genu vulgum clinically and abnormal broad metaphyses of tubular bone radiologically. Cone-beam computerized tomography of maxilla and mandible showed decayed teeth, multiple retained deciduous teeth, and unerupted permanent teeth. We also found bilaterally permanent tooth with dwarf roots and large pulp chamber (taurodontism) as well as discontinuation of labial cortex of mandible.

When conventional complete denture proves to be a failure due to lack of retention, stability, and support in diabetic patients with flabby ridges, certain modifications are made to suit patient needs. This case report presents fabrication of liquid-supported denture for completely edentulous diabetic patient with flabby anterior maxillary ridge. Such option is a good alternative to surgical procedures in patients with either health or financial problems. Liquid-supported denture provides better distribution of stress and thus maintains oral tissues in good health.

Aphthous ulcer following forceps extraction: A complication or coincidental event

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Clement C Azodo, Paul ErhaborDOI:10.4103/ijmd.ijmd_10_18

Trauma has been reported to contribute to the development of aphthous ulcer, but uncomplicated forceps extraction as a form of trauma has not been reported. This article reports a case of aphthous ulcer in an otherwise healthy 30-year-old female 2 days after forceps extraction of the upper right 3rd molar. The ulcer was painful and disturbed patient mastication. There was associated dysphagia and hypersalivation. Warm saline mouthwash, topical application of Bonjela cream (choline salicylate and cetalkonium chloride), and tablets of prednisolone (5 mg) were prescribed for the patient for 1 week while the patient continued the other postoperative medications. One-week review of the patient showed significant improvement in the clinical presentation. In conclusion, aphthous ulcer may be considered a potential complication of forceps extraction after excluding other contributing factors. The authors hereby recommend (1) ensuring adequate precaution geared toward minimizing trauma to the oral mucosa during forceps extraction and (2) inclusion of aphthous ulcer as a complication of forceps extraction to reduce chances of possible litigation.