Satellite observations and model simulations are of two important data sources to study atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. For analyzing and evaluating the bias correction method of ACOS dry-air column averaged CO<sub>2</sub> (Xco<sub>2</sub>) product, the GEOS-Chem Xco<sub>2</sub> simulations are selected according to observing time and locations of the ACOS product. The GEOS-Chem simulations of CO<sub>2</sub> profiles are transformed to Xco<sub>2</sub> data by convolving with satellite averaging kernels and pressure weighting functions. The GEOS-Chem Xco<sub>2</sub> data are then compared with both bias uncorrected and bias corrected satellite retrievals of ACOS. The comparisons show that the bias uncorrected ACOS retrievals are on average 1.12ppm higher than the model Xco<sub>2</sub> data, while the corrected ACOS retrievals are only on average 0.06ppm lower than the model Xco<sub>2</sub> data. By assuming consistency between model Xco<sub>2</sub> simulations and true atmospheric Xco<sub>2</sub>, this study indicates that the bias can be obvious decreased through the bias correction method, and the correction is effective and necessary for satellite Xco<sub>2</sub> retrievals.

CO<sub>2</sub> is one of the most important greenhouse gases due to its selective absorption of long wave radiation from the Earth’s surface. In this paper, we use the column average dry air mole fraction of CO<sub>2</sub> (XCO<sub>2</sub>) data from the Japanese GOSAT satellite to conduct a comprehensive and systematic analysis of temporal and spatial distribution of XCO<sub>2</sub>. This includes: (1) analysis of seasonal change characteristics of XCO<sub>2</sub> data; and (2) comparative analysis of the northern and southern hemispheres carbon dioxide concentration at different latitudes. The results show that (1) from 2010 to 2013, atmospheric XCO<sub>2</sub> significantly increased each year. The southern hemisphere's annual averages of XCO<sub>2</sub> from 2010 to 2012 were 385.2 ppm, 387.3 ppm, and 389.1 ppm, while the average annual values for the northern hemisphere from 2010 to 2012 were 387.8 ppm, 390.0 ppm, and 391.7 ppm. The annual XCO<sub>2</sub> in northern and southern hemispheres exhibited growth rates of 1-2 ppm per year. (2) The results show seasonal change trends: winter months displayed higher XCO<sub>2</sub>. Regarding the global spatial distribution of XCO<sub>2</sub>, the results show that the total XCO<sub>2</sub> in the northern hemisphere is higher than that in the southern hemisphere. (3) The growth of global XCO<sub>2</sub> in 2011 and 2012 was 1.9 ppm/yr and 2.1 ppm/yr. These values are in accordance with the growth rates of 1.9 ppm/yr and 2.2 ppm/yr reported in the World Meteorological Organization's greenhouse gas bulletin.

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