Farmington was originally inhabited by the TunxisIndian tribe. In 1640, a community of English immigrants was established by residents of Hartford, making Farmington the oldest inland settlement west of the Connecticut River and the twelfth oldest communities in the state. Settlers found the area ideal because of its rich soil, location along the floodplain of the Farmington River, and valley geography.

The town and river were given their present names in 1645, which is considered the incorporation year of the town. The town's boundaries were later enlarged several times, making it the largest in the Connecticut Colony. The town was named after Farmington, in England.[3]

Farmington has been called the "mother of towns" because its vast area was divided to produce nine other central Connecticut communities. The borough of Unionville, in Farmington's northwest corner, was once home to many factories harnessing the water power of the Farmington River.

Farmington is steeped in New England history. Main Street, in the historic village section, is lined with colonial estates, some of which date back to the 17th century. During the Revolutionary War, George Washington passed through Farmington on several occasions and referred to the town as "the village of pretty houses."[4] In addition, French troops under General Rochambeau encamped in Farmington en route to Westchester County to offer crucial support to General Washington's army.

Northwest View of Farmington from Round Hill, a sketch by John Warner Barber (1798–1885) for his Historical Collections of Connecticut (published 1836), shows Barber in the picture, across the Farmington River from the town.

The majority of Farmington residents were abolitionists and were active in aiding escaped slaves. Several homes in the town were "safe houses" on the Underground Railroad. The town became known as "Grand Central Station"[5][6] among escaped slaves and their "guides".

Farmington played an important role in the famous Amistad trial. In 1841, 38 MendeAfricans and Cinqué, the leader of the revolt on the Amistadslave ship, were housed and educated in Farmington after the U.S. government refused to provide for their return to Africa following the trial. The Mende were educated in English and Christianity while funds were raised by residents for their return to Africa.

The Farmington Canal, connecting New Haven with Northampton, Massachusetts, passed through the Farmington River on its eastern bank and was in operation between 1828 and 1848. The canal's right of way and towpath were eventually used for a railroad, portions of which were active up to the 1990s. Part of the canal and railroad line has now been converted to a multi-use trail.

Farmington is home to the US headquarters for TRUMPF Inc., the largest manufacturer of fabricating machinery in the United States and a world market leader in lasers used for industrial production technology.[citation needed]

Many residents have repeatedly fought proposals by the state to widen Route 4, a main thoroughfare linking northwestern Connecticut to Interstate 84, fearing that such a move would compromise the character and integrity of the town. With the recent relocation of Parsons Chevrolet, "on that crazy corner" just above the village, there is some suspicion that this widening of Route 4 will come sooner rather than later. Work has been delayed because of the town's fight to maintain the village aesthetic and requests for modifications to the proposed plan.

Farmington faces a relatively strong demand for housing. The lure of Farmington's quality public school system, convenient location for commuters, charm, and name recognition continue to attract new home buyers. As such, town officials are faced with the task of accommodating new growth while respecting the preservation and need for open space. Farmington's real estate values are among the highest in Greater Hartford.

In January 2008, town residents overwhelmingly approved the purchase of nearly 100 acres (0.40 km2) of farmland along Route 177, just north of Tunxis Community College. This blocked a proposal to convert the farm into a residential strip, something many feared would have compromised the town's rural feel.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 28.8 square miles (74.5 km2), of which 28.0 square miles (72.6 km2) is land and 0.77 square miles (2.0 km2), or 2.65%, is water.[2]

Farmington is mostly wooded, but there are also meadows and hills in the east and southeast. There are also numerous ponds and lakes. The Farmington River runs through the town from the northwest from Burlington, enters Unionville, then takes a sharp turn near Farmington Center and flows north towards Avon. The Metacomet Ridge, a 100-mile (160 km) range of low traprock mountain ridges, occupies the east side of Farmington as Pinnacle Rock, Rattlesnake Mountain, Farmington Mountain, and Talcott Mountain. The ridge is traversed by the 51-mile-long (82 km) Metacomet Trail, a hiking trail, and contains several rock walls and chimneys suitable for technical climbing in places such as Pinnacle Rock and the Green Wall. These climbing areas, as well as several other rock climbing locations in central Connecticut, are documented in the 1995 book Hooked on Traprock.[8]

As of the census[9] of 2010, there were 25,340 people, 9,496 households, and 6,333 families residing in the town. The population density was 879.9 people per square mile (339.7/km²). There were 11,072 housing units at an average density of 351.2 per square mile (135.6/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 85.92% White, 2.21% African American, 0.04% Native American, 9.59% Asian, 0.49% from other races, and 2.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.98% of the population.[10]

There were 10,522 households out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.7% were non-families. 29.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the town, the population was spread out with 22.0% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 90.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.3 males.

The mean income for a household in town is $133,160, and the mean income for a family is $159,834[11]). Males had a median income of $80,182 versus $61,098 for females. The per capita income for the town was $54,754. About 3.1% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.9% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

Farmington is home to a significant and growing number of corporations. Carvel, ConnectiCare, Farmington Bank, Farmington Displays and Horizon Technology Finance all maintain their corporate headquarters in Farmington. United Technologies has significant operations in town as its subsidiaries Carrier Corporation, Otis Elevator and UTC Fire & Security are headquartered in town. Other prominent employers include the American Red Cross, Bank of America, McKesson, Farmington Sports Arena, Stanley Black & Decker and TRUMPF Inc.

The Jackson Laboratory of Bar Harbor, Maine, is building a new facility on the grounds of the University of Connecticut Health Center, which specializes in the research and development of genomic medicine. The project is part of BioScience Connecticut, an initiative designed to launch Connecticut into the forefront of biomedical research.

Farmington is unique in that more people work within the town lines than actually live there, a characteristic atypical of a traditional suburb.

Students in Farmington have access to public schools that consistently rank among the best[which?] in the nation. The town has seven main public schools. The four K-4 elementary schools are Union School, West District School, Noah Wallace School, and East Farms School. The recently built West Woods Upper Elementary School houses all of grades 5-6 and features state of the art facilities. Irving A. Robbins Middle School houses grades 7-8. Farmington High School serves grades 9-12 for the entire town. In 2005, Farmington High School was ranked 125 on Newsweek Magazine's list of the best schools in the United States,[13] in 2006 Farmington was ranked 269[14] and in 2007, 298.[15]

Tim Abromaitis, former Notre Dame Basketball star, twice named a first team Academic All-American, the first player to be named Big East Conference Scholar-athlete of the Year three times. Currently playing basketball professionally for Basketball Löwen Braunschweig in Germany.[16]