Semester Exam Review

kept the colony of Jamestown from collapsing. his rule was "he who works not, eats not"

John Rolfe

a Virginia Resident, , he discovered that a superior strain of tobacco, native to the west Indies, could be grown in Virginia. -large market for this tobacco in Europe, Rolfe's discovery gave VA a major cash crop

William Penn

founder of Pennsylvania, a refuge for Quakers in 1681, received a grand of land in America as payment of a large debt the king had owed Penn's late father. successfully maintained relations with the Indians, and guaranteed a representative assembly and full religious freedom

1763 Treaty of Paris

ended French and Indian War- France got kicked out of North America

1778 Treaty of Alliance

Patriot alliance with France

1783 Second Treaty of Paris

ended American Revolution

1795 Jay Treaty

attempted to settle post Revolutionary issues- angers D-R

1795 Pinckney's Treaty

US right of navigation on Mississippi from SP

1795 Treaty of Greenville

foreced Indians out of Ohio Valley

Convention of 1800

ends Quasi War of 1812

1819 Adams-Onis Treaty

purchase of Florida from Spain

1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty

settles boundary disputes btwn US and Canada

1848 Treaaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

ends Mexican War

1850 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty

US and United Kingdom agree not to colonize Central America

1867 Alaska Purchase

US buys ALaska from Russia

1893 Treaty of Paris

ends Spanish- American War

Marbury vs Madison (1803)

established concept of judicial review, struck down part of Judiciary Act of 1789, refused to issue a Write of Endamus giving dNarbury his commission as Justice of the Peace

McCulloch v Maryland (1819)

Court found that the BUS is constitutional, and the states do not have the right to tax the bank: Marshall wrote: "the power to tax involves the power to destroy"

Gibbons vs Ogden (1824)

Court found that federal rules superseded state laws in all cases, including commerce; broadly interpreted government's power to regulate interstate commerce

Dartmouth College vs Woodward (1819)

Found that the charter creating Dartmouth could only be cancelled if both sides agreed; guaranteed federal protection of the rights of contract

Worcester vs Georgia (1832)

Court found that Cherokee people were a distinct nation residing din Georgia but retaining their sovereignty; Jackson refused to abide by ruling, contributing with Indian Removal

Scott vs Sanford (1857)

found that Dred Scott, as a slave, had no right to sue in court; further declared that black Americans, free of not, were "naturally subordinate and inferior" to white Americans

Ex Parte Milligan (1866)

court found that people accused of crimes could not have Habeas Corpus suspended or be taken to military courts in there were civil courts in operation

Munn vs Illinois (1877)

court found that private companies could be regulated by state governments for the sake of the common good; justified increased regulation of industry

William Bradford

leader of the pilgrims, who landed at Cape Cod in Massachusetts.

Mayflower Compact

established a foundation for orderly government based on the consent of the governed. it was the first established government

Founding of Jamestown

Virginia Company of London named in honor of England's king. it became the first permanent English settlement in North America. almost failed for a number of reasons, including death of members, and lack of incentive. John Smith kept colony from collapsing

Great Awakening

consisted of a series of religious revivals occurring throughout the colonies from the 1720's to the 1740's . resulted in in religious community split btwn the "old lights" who rejected the great Awakening and the "new Lights" who accepted it. a number of colleges were founded based for the purpose of training ministers

Jonathan Edwards

known for his sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"- which proclaimed a message of personal repentance and faith in Jesus Christ for salvation from an otherwise eternity in hell.

George Whitefield

most dynamic preacher of the Great Awakening. he traveled through the colones speaking to crowds of up to 30K people

Ben Franklin

most notable Enlightenment man in America. never denied the existence of God, he focused his attention of human reason and what it could accomplish

Dominion of New England

after the death of Charles II, his brother, James II wanted to establish a unified govt for all of New England. it would abolish representative assemblies and facilitate the imposition of the Church of England on Congregationalist New England

Half-Way Covenant

provided a sort of half-way church membership for the children of members, even though those children did not profess saving grace, as was normally required for Puritan church membership

Mercantilism

used to benefit the nations strength both economically and militarily. export more than the nation imported, the difference would be made up in gold and silver.

Navigation Acts

weapons in England's on-going struggle against its chief seventeenth-century maritime rival, Holland. stipulated that trade with the colonies was to be carried on only in ships made in Britain or America. nothing could enter the colonies without first entering Britain first.

Bacon's Rebellion

failed to gain admittance to Berkeley's inner circle with its financial advantages. disagreed over Indian policy, Bacon burned Jamestown, died of dysentary. caused British authorities to send ships, troops and investigation commission

Roger Williams

Puritan preacher, fled to the wilderness after he was asked to leave the colony. founded the settlement of Providence which was soon populated by his many followers. was granted a charter from Parliament combining Providence, Portsmouth, and other settlements that had sprung up in the area into the colony of Rhode Island

Anne Hutchinson

taught things contrary to Puritan doctrine. she claimed to have had special revelations from God superseding dthe Bible. she was banished from the colony, migrated to the area around Providence. eventually killed by Indians.

Nathaniel Bacon

wanted to be in Berkeley's inner circle with financial advantages, but opposed him at every turn. they disagreed over Indian policy until it was brought to the point of armed conflict.

Fundamental Orders Of Connecticut

1639 first written constitution in America, provided for representative government

Thomas Hooker

led a group of settlers westward to found Hartford

John Winthrop

taught that a new colony should provide the whole world with a model of what a Christian society ought to be. Massachusetts

King Phillip's War

after attempted conversion of Indian natives, a 1675 Wampanoag chief named King Philip, led a war to exterminate the whites. 2K settlers lost their lives before King Philip was killed and his tribe subdued.

1781 Yorktown

after Cornwallis abandoned the Southern strategy, he moved north into VA. Cornwallis landed at Yorktown VA. Washington trapped Cornwallis, and after 3 weeks of seige, Cornwallis surrendered.

1783 Treaty of Paris

peace negotiations began. American negotiating dteam was Ben Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay. 1. made the US an independent nation recognized by Europe and Britain, 2. western boundary was Miss River, 3. S. boundary was 31*, 4. Britain retained Canada but had to surrender Florida to Spain.

Articles of Confederation

first framework for a national government. it preserved the sovereignty of the states and created a weak national government. was represented with one member from each state. a unanimous consent was required to amend the Articles. it was not able to levy taxes, raise troops, or regulate commerce

Pontiac's Rebellion 1763

Ottawa chief that led am Indian uprising with the goal of driving the entire white population into the sea. killed a large number of settlers along the frontier. led to prime minister George Greenville's attempt to solve the national debt problem and defense of the American frontier

Proclamation Act of 1763

forbade the settlement west of the Appalachians, in hopes of keeping the Indians happy and the settlers close to the coast and under control.

Stamp Act 1765

imposed a direct tax on Americans. it required Americans to purchase revenue stamps on everything form newspapers to legal documents and would have created an impossible drain on hard currency in the colonies.

Samuel Adams

formed the Sons of Liberty.

Stamp Act Congress

1765, delegates from 9 colonies met, passed moderate resolutions against the act , asserting dthat Americans could not be taxed without their consent, given by their representatives. its significance was that it showed the representatives could work together and gave political leaders in the colonies a chance to be acquainted

boycott

non-importation of British goods. had a powerful effect on British merchants and manufacturers who began searching for the acts repeal

Declaratory Act 1766

claimed power to tax or make laws for the American

Boston Tea Party

Bostonians disguised themselves as Indains and boarded the ships of British tea ships and dumped the tea into the harbor as an act of rebellion against the Tea Act

Tea Act of 1773

the British, desperate financially, offered cheaper tea for American consumption. Americans rejected Parliaments right to tax

Coercive/Intolerable Acts

British response to the Boston Tea Party, resulted in the Boston harbor being temporarily closed until local citizens would agree to pay for the lost tea. the Massachusetts Government Act greatly increased the power of Massachusetts' royal governor at the expense of the legislature. the administration of Justice Act provided that the accquital of royal governors might be greater.

Lexington and Concord 1775

lexington resulted in 8 Americans killed. concord was a greatly American victory, from the two battles, open warfare had begun, and the myth of British invincibility was destroyed.

Minutemen

militiamen trained to respond at a moment's notice

Patriots

supporters of the the American Revolution in favor of the Americans

Loyalists

supporters of the British during the American Revolution

Bunker Hill 1775

bloodiest battle of the Rev. war. British victory after American soldiers ran out of amuntion. 1K brit soldiers killed

2nd Continental Congress

met in Philadelphia 1775. divided btwn wanting to declare independence from Britain, and not ready to go that far. George Washington was sent to command the army around Boston

Olive Branch Petiton

plead with King George III to intercede with Parliament to RESTORE PEACE

Townshend Acts

taxes on items imported into the colonies

Northwest Ordinance 1787

provided a bill of rights for settlers and forbade slavery north of the Ohio River

Land Ordinance of 1785

provided for the orderly surveying and distribution of land in townships six miles square, each composed of thirty-six one-square-mile sections, of which one should be set aside for the support of education

Shay's Rebellion

1786. Massachusetts farmer rebellion that caused many to fell that a stronger government was needed to control such violent public outbursts

George Washington

presided over the Constitutional Convention, leader of the Continental Army

James Madison

father of the constitution

the Federalist Papers

written as a series of 85 newspaper articles by Alex Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. they expounded the Constitution and demonstrated how it was designed to prevent the abuse of power from any direction.

John Adams

GW's VP

Alexander Hamilton

as GW's Secretary of the Treasury, he proposed the funding of the national debt at face value funding at par), federal assumption of state debts, and the establishment of a national bank. the money needed to fund these programs would come from an excise tax on distillers and from tariffs on imports. favored a strong central and loose interpretation of the constitution

Federalists

loose interpretation of the constitution, favored strong central government, Alex Hamilton. gained support from business and financial groups in the Northeast.

Republicans

favored strict interpretation of the constitution. primary support came from rural and frontier areas of the south and west

Proclamation of Neutrality

Citizen Genet violated that policy by trying dto encourage popular support in this country for the French government.

Pinckney Treaty 1796

the Spanish opened the Mississippi River to American traffic, including dthe righdt of deposit in the port city of New Orleans

Treaty of Greenville

cleared the Ohio territory of Indian tribes

Whiskey Rebellion

western farmers refused to pay the excise tax on whiskey which formed the backbone of Hamilton's revenue program. when a group of Pennsylvania farmers terrorized the tax collectors, Prez GW sent out a federalized militia force. the significance was the credibility of the new Constitution

The Alien and Sedition Acts

Alien- raised new hurdles in the path of immigrants trying to obtain citizenship

sedition- widened the powers of the Adams administration to muzzle its newspaper critics