Singapore-based Broadcom Ltd. said Friday it will ask shareholders to vote on March 23 to approve its plan to redomicile to the U.S., potentially setting the stage for a showdown with the U.S. national security panel reviewing its $117 billion hostile bid for Qualcomm Inc.

The vote is now set to take place in the middle of a review of the proposed bid by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the U.S., known as CFIUS, a multiagency panel that reviews foreign deals and can advise the president to block them on national security...