☒
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016

☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________________ to ________________

Commission file number 000-51446

CONSOLIDATED COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

02-0636095

(State or other jurisdiction

(I.R.S. Employer

of incorporation or organization)

Identification No.)

121 South 17th Street, Mattoon, Illinois

61938-3987

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
(217) 235-3311

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock—$0.01 par value

The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a small reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒

Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐
(Do not check if a smaller
reporting company)

Smaller reporting company☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of June 30, 2016, the aggregate market value of the shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant’s common stock was $1,313,079,194 based on the closing price as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market. The market value calculations exclude shares held on the stated date by registrant’s directors and officers on the assumption such shares may be shares owned by affiliates. Exclusion from these public market value calculations does not necessarily conclude affiliate status for any other purpose.

On February 23, 2017, the registrant had 50,605,844 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) encourages companies to disclose forward-looking information so that investors can better understand a company’s future prospects and make informed investment decisions. Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including those relating to the impact on future revenue sources, pending and future regulatory orders, continued expansion of the telecommunications network and expected changes in the sources of our revenue and cost structure resulting from our entrance into new communications markets, are forward-looking statements and are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements reflect, among other things, our current expectations, plans, strategies and anticipated financial results. There are a number of risks, uncertainties and conditions that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Many of these circumstances are beyond our ability to control or predict. Moreover, forward-looking statements necessarily involve assumptions on our part. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “estimate,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “should,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue” or similar expressions. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements of Consolidated Communications Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Consolidated,” the “Company,” “we” or “our”) to be different from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements that appear throughout this report. A detailed discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from such forward–looking statements is included in Part I – Item 1A – “Risk Factors”. Furthermore, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. Except as required under federal securities laws or the rules and regulations of the SEC, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements. Undue reliance should not be placed on forward-looking statements.

Item 1. Business.

Consolidated Communications Holdings, Inc. is a Delaware holding company with operating subsidiaries that provide integrated communications services in consumer, commercial and carrier channels in California, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas and Wisconsin. We were founded in 1894 as the Mattoon Telephone Company by the great-grandfather of one of the members of our Board of Directors, Richard A. Lumpkin. After several acquisitions, the Mattoon Telephone Company was incorporated as the Illinois Consolidated Telephone Company on April 10, 1924. We were incorporated under the laws of Delaware in 2002, and through our predecessors, we have been providing communications services in many of the communities we serve for more than a century.

In addition to our focus on organic growth in our commercial and carrier channels, we have achieved business growth and a diversification of revenue and cash flow streams that have created a strong platform for future growth through our acquisitions over the last decade. Our strategic approach to evaluating potential transactions includes analysis of the market opportunity, the quality of the network, our ability to integrate the acquired company efficiently and the potential for creating significant operating synergies and generating positive cash flow at the inception of each acquisition. Operating synergies are created through the use of consistent platforms, convergence of processes and functional management of the combined entities. We measure our synergies during the first two years following an acquisition. For example, the acquisition of our Texas properties in 2004 tripled the size of our business and gave us the requisite scale to make system and platform decisions that would facilitate future acquisitions. The acquisition of our Pennsylvania properties in 2007 achieved synergies in excess of $12.0 million in annualized savings, which at the time, represented approximately 20% of their operating expense. The acquisition of SureWest Communications in 2012 achieved synergies of $29.5 million during the two years subsequent to the acquisition date. Our acquisition of Enventis Corporation (“Enventis”) in October 2014 generated annual operating synergies of approximately $17.0 million during the first two years subsequent to the acquisition date. Through these acquisitions, we have positioned our business to provide services in rural, suburban and metropolitan markets, with service territories spanning the country.

directory publishing and equipment sales. Consolidated is dedicated to turning technology into solutions, connecting people and enriching how its customers work and live.

Recent Business Developments

Acquisitions

FairPoint Communications, Inc.

On December 3, 2016, we entered into a definitive agreement and plan of merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with FairPoint Communications, Inc. (“FairPoint”) to acquire all the issued and outstanding shares of FairPoint in exchange for shares of our common stock. FairPoint is an advanced communications provider to business, wholesale and residential customers within its service territory, which spans across 17 states. FairPoint owns and operates a robust fiber-based network with more than 21,000 route miles of fiber, including 17,000 route miles of fiber in northern New England. This pending acquisition reflects our strategy to diversify revenue and cash flows amongst multiple products and to expand our network to new markets. The merger is subject to standard closing conditions including the approval of our stockholders and FairPoint’s stockholders, the approval of the listing of additional shares of Consolidated common stock to be issued to FairPoint’s stockholders, required federal and state regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions. We expect the merger to close by mid-2017.

Enventis Corporation

On October 16, 2014, we completed our merger with Enventis, an advanced communications provider, which services consumer, commercial and wholesale carrier customer channels primarily in the upper Midwest. The financial results for Enventis have been included in our consolidated financial statements as of the acquisition date.

See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this report in Part II – Item 8 – “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for a more detailed discussion of these transactions.

Available Information

Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available free of charge on our website at
www.consolidated.com
, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Copies are also available free of charge upon request to Consolidated Communications, Attn: Vice President Investor Relations and Treasurer, 121 S. 17th Street, Mattoon, Illinois 61938. Our website also contains copies of our Corporate Governance Principles, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and charter of each committee of our Board of Directors. The information found on our website is not part of this report or any other report we file with or furnish to the SEC. The public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549 on official business days during the hours of 10:00 am to 3:00 pm. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding our filings at
www.sec.gov
.

Description of Our Business

We are an integrated communications services company that operates as both an Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier (“ILEC”) and a Competitive Local Exchange Carrier (“CLEC”) dependent upon the territory served. We provide an array of services in consumer, commercial and carrier channels in 11 states, including local and long-distance service, high-speed broadband Internet access, video services, Voice over Internet Protocol (“VoIP”), custom calling features, private line services, carrier grade access services, network capacity services over our regional fiber optic networks, data center and managed services, directory publishing, equipment sales and cloud data services. The geographic areas we serve are characterized by a balanced mix of growing suburban areas and stable, rural territories.

We generate the majority of our consolidated operating revenue primarily from subscriptions to our video, data and transport services (collectively “broadband services”) to business and residential customers. Commercial and carrier services represent the largest source of our operating revenues and are expected to be the primary driver of our growth in

the future. We continue to focus on commercial and broadband growth opportunities and are continually expanding our commercial product offerings for both small and large businesses to capitalize on industry technological advances. We can leverage our fiber optic networks and tailor our services for business customers by developing solutions to fit their specific needs. We provide services to a wide range of commercial customers from sole proprietors and other small businesses to multi-location corporations and telecommunications carriers. Our business suite of services includes local and long-distance calling plans, hosted voice services using cloud network servers, the added capacity for multiple phone lines, scalable broadband Internet, online back-up and business directory listings. In addition, we recently launched a suite of cloud services and an enhanced hosted voice product that increases efficiency and enables greater scalability and reliability for businesses.

For larger businesses, we offer data services including dedicated Internet access through our Metro Ethernet network. Wide Area Network (“WAN”) products include point-to-point and multi-point deployments from 2.5 Mbps to 10 Gbps, accommodating the growth patterns of our business customers. Our data centers provide redundant, scalable bandwidth over a self-healing fiber-optic backbone that is protected by uninterrupted power supplies and generator back-ups with direct connection to broadband. We also offer wholesale services to regional and national interexchange and wireless carriers, including cellular backhaul, dark fiber and other fiber-based transport solutions with speeds up to 100 Gbps.

We market services to our residential customers either individually or as a bundled package. Our “triple play” bundle includes our voice, video and data services. As the market demands for bandwidth continue to increase as a result of consumer trends toward increased Internet usage, our continued focus is on enhancing product and service offerings, such as our progressively increasing consumer data speeds.
We offer data speeds of up to 1 Gbps in select markets.
Where 1 Gbps speeds are not yet offered, the maximum broadband speed is 100 Mbps, depending on the geographic market availability. As of December 31, 2016, approximately 28% of the homes in the areas we serve subscribe to our data service. Our exceptional consumer broadband speed allows us to continue to meet the needs of our customers and the demand for higher speed resulting from the growing trend of over-the-top (“OTT”) content viewing. The availability of 1 Gbps data speed also complements our wireless home networking (“Wi-Fi”) that supports our TV Everywhere service and allows our subscribers to watch their favorite programs at home or away on a computer, smartphone or tablet.

A discussion of factors potentially affecting our operations is set forth in Part I – Item 1A – “Risk Factors”, which is incorporated herein by reference.

The following table summarizes our sources of revenue for the last three fiscal years:

2016

2015

2014

% of

% of

% of

(In millions, except for percentages)

$

Revenues

$

Revenues

$

Revenues

Commercial and carrier:

Data and transport services (includes VoIP)

$

196.7

26.5

%

$

187.5

24.1

%

$

123.0

19.4

%

Voice services

99.8

13.4

103.0

13.3

92.6

14.6

Other

12.5

1.7

12.3

1.6

11.5

1.8

309.0

41.6

302.8

39.0

227.1

35.8

Consumer:

Broadband (VoIP, data and video)

209.9

28.2

213.6

27.5

200.8

31.6

Voice services

55.3

7.4

60.6

7.8

60.2

9.5

265.2

35.6

274.2

35.3

261.0

41.1

Equipment sales and service

43.1

5.8

55.0

7.1

10.0

1.5

Subsidies

48.3

6.5

56.3

7.3

53.2

8.4

Network access

63.8

8.6

69.7

9.0

70.2

11.0

Other products and services

13.8

1.9

17.7

2.3

14.2

2.2

Total operating revenues

$

743.2

100.0

%

$

775.7

100.0

%

$

635.7

100.0

%

The comparability of our consolidated results of operations was impacted by the Enventis acquisition that closed on October 16, 2014, as described above. Enventis’ results are included in our consolidated financial statements as of the date of the acquisition. The acquisition provides additional diversification of the Company’s revenues and cash flows both geographically and by service type.

All telecommunications providers continue to face increased competition as a result of technology changes and legislative and regulatory developments in the industry. We continue to focus on commercial growth opportunities and are continually expanding our commercial product offerings for both small and large businesses to capitalize on industry technological advances. In addition, we expect our broadband services revenue to continue to grow as consumer and commercial demands for data based services increase, which will offset, in part, the anticipated decline in traditional voice services impacted by the ongoing industry-wide reduction in residential access lines.

Commercial and Carrier

Data and Transport Services

We provide a variety of business communication services to small, medium and large business customers, including many services over our advanced fiber network. The services we offer include scalable high speed broadband Internet access and VoIP phone services, which range from basic service plans to virtual hosted systems. Our hosted VoIP package utilizes our soft switching technology and enables our customers to have the flexibility of employing new telephone advances and features without investing in a new telephone system. The package bundles local service, calling features, Internet protocol (“IP”) business telephones and unified messaging, which integrates multiple messaging technologies into a single system and allows the customer to receive and listen to voice messages through email.

In addition to Internet and VoIP services, we also offer a variety of commercial data connectivity services in select markets including private line, WAN and Ethernet services to provide high bandwidth connectivity across point-to-point and multiple site networks. Networking services are available at a variety of speeds up to 10 Gbps. Data center and disaster recovery solutions also provide a reliable and local colocation option for commercial customers. We have also recently launched a suite of cloud-based services, which includes a hosted unified communications solution that replaces the customer’s on-site phone systems and data networks, managed network security services and data protection services.

We also offer wholesale services to regional and national interexchange and wireless carriers, including cellular backhaul, dark fiber and other fiber transport solutions with speeds up to 100 Gbps. The demand for backhaul services continues to grow as wireless carriers are faced with escalating consumer and commercial demands for wireless data.

Voice services include basic local phone and long-distance service packages for business customers. The plans include options for voicemail, conference calling, linking multiple office locations and other custom calling features such as caller ID, call forwarding, speed dialing and call waiting. Services can be charged at a fixed monthly rate, a measured rate or can be bundled with selected services at a discounted rate.

Consumer

Broadband Services

Broadband services include revenue from residential customers for subscriptions to our VoIP, data and video products. We offer high speed Internet access at speeds of up to 1 Gbps, depending on the nature of the network facilities that are available, the level of service selected and the location. Our data service plans also include wireless internet access, email and internet security and protection. Our VoIP digital phone service is also available in certain markets as an alternative to the traditional telephone line. We offer multiple voice service plans with customizable calling features and voicemail. Depending on geographic market availability, our video services range from limited basic service to advanced digital television, which includes several plans each with hundreds of local, national and music channels including premium and pay-per-view channels as well as video on-demand service. Certain customers may also subscribe to our advanced video services, which consist of high-definition television, digital video recorders (“DVR”) and/or a whole home DVR. Our Whole Home DVR allows customers the ability to watch recorded shows on any television in the house, record multiple shows at one time and utilize an intuitive on-screen guide and user interface. Video subscribers also have access to our TV Everywhere service, which allows subscriber access to full episodes of available shows, movies and live streams using a computer or mobile device.

Voice Services

We offer several different basic local phone service packages and long-distance calling plans, including unlimited flat-rate calling plans. The plans include options for voicemail and other custom calling features such as caller ID, call forwarding and call waiting. The number of local access lines in service directly affects the recurring revenue we generate from end users and continues to be impacted by the industry-wide decline in access lines. We expect to continue to experience modest erosion in voice connections due to competition from alternative technologies, including our own competing VoIP product.

Equipment Sales and Service

As an equipment integrator, we offered network design, implementation and support services, including maintenance contracts, in order to provide integrated communication solutions for our customers. We sold telecommunications equipment, such as key, Private Branch Exchange (“PBX”), IP-based telephone systems and other sophisticated hardware solutions, and offered support services to medium and large business customers. Through our acquisition of Enventis in 2014, we obtained a leading market relationship with Cisco Systems, Inc. and, as a result, were an accredited Master Level Unified Communications and Gold Certified Cisco Partner providing equipment solutions and support for business customers. Our strategic relationship with Cisco as the supplier allowed us to deploy a wide range of collaboration, data center and network technology solutions. We earned Cisco’s Master Cloud Builder Specialization and received the Data Center Interconnect designation. We maintained numerous Cisco specializations and authorizations, as well as partner relationships with EMC, NetApp, VMware and other industry-leading vendors in order to provide integrated communication solutions that best fit our customers’ needs.

In December 2016, we completed the sale of our Enterprise Services equipment and IT Services business (“EIS”) to ePlus Technology inc. (“ePlus”). As part of the transaction, we entered into a Co-Marketing Agreement with ePlus, a nationwide systems integrator of technology solutions, to cross-sell both broadband network services and IT services. The strategic partnership will provide our business customers access to a broader suite of IT solutions, and will also provide ePlus customers access to Consolidated’s business network services.

Subsidies consist of both federal and state subsidies, which are designed to promote widely available, quality telephone service at affordable prices in rural areas. Subsidies are funded by end user surcharges to which telecommunications providers, including local, long-distance and wireless carriers, contribute on a monthly basis. Subsidies are allocated and distributed to participating carriers monthly based upon their respective costs for providing local service. Similar to access charges, subsidies are regulated by federal and state regulatory commissions. See Part I – Item 1 – “Regulatory Environment” below and Item 1A – “Risk Factors – Risks Related to the Regulation of Our Business” for further discussion regarding the subsidies we receive”.

Network Access Services

Network access services include interstate and intrastate switched access revenue, network special access services and end user access. Switched access revenue includes access services to other communications carriers to terminate or originate long-distance calls on our network. Special access circuits provide dedicated lines and trunks to business customers and interexchange carriers. Certain of our network access revenues are based on rates set or approved by federal and state regulatory commissions or as directed by law that are subject to change at any time.

Other Products and Services

Other products and services include revenues from telephone directory publishing, video advertising and billing and support services.

No customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated operating revenues during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

We own 2.34% of the Mobilnet South Partnership. The principal activity of the Mobilnet South Partnership is providing cellular service in the Houston, Galveston and Beaumont, Texas metropolitan areas. Because we have a minor ownership interest and cannot influence operations, we account for this investment using the cost method. Income is recognized only upon cash distributions of our proportionate earnings in the partnership.

We own 20.51% of RSA #17, which serves areas in and around Conroe, Texas. Because we have some influence over the operating and financial policies of this partnership, we account for the investment under the equity method, recognizing income on our proportionate share of earnings. Cash distributions are recorded as a reduction in our investment.

San Antonio MTA, L.P., a wholly owned partnership of Cellco Partnership (doing business as Verizon Wireless), is the general partner for both the Mobilnet South Partnership and RSA #17.

We own 3.60% of Pittsburgh SMSA, 16.67% of RSA 6(I) and 23.67% of RSA 6(II), all of which are majority owned and operated by Verizon Wireless. These partnerships cover territories that almost entirely overlap the markets served by our Pennsylvania ILEC and CLEC operations. Because of our limited influence over Pittsburgh SMSA, we account for the investment using the cost method. RSA 6(I) and RSA 6(II) are accounted for under the equity method.

For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we recognized income of $32.6 million, $37.0 million and $34.4 million, respectively, and received cash distributions of $32.1 million, $45.3 million and $34.6 million, respectively, from these wireless partnerships.

As of December 31, 2016, we employed approximately 1,676 employees, including part-time employees. We also use temporary employees in the normal course of our business.

Approximately 20% of our employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements as of December 31, 2016. For a more detailed discussion regarding how the collective bargaining agreements could affect our business, see Part I - Item 1A – Risk Factors – “Risks Relating to Our Business”.

Providing excellent customer service, including 24/7 centralized customer support to coordinate installation of new services, repair and maintenance functions;

·

Developing and delivering new services to meet evolving customer needs and market demands; and

·

Leveraging history and brand recognition across all market areas.

We currently offer our services through call centers, our website, communication centers and commissioned sales representatives. Our customer service call centers and dedicated sales teams serve as the primary sales channels for consumer, business and carrier services. Our sales efforts are supported by direct mail, bill inserts, newspaper, radio and television advertising, public relations activities, community events and website promotions.

We market our services both individually and as bundled services, including our triple-play offering of voice, data and video services. By bundling our service offerings, we are able to offer and sell a more complete and competitive package of services, which we believe simultaneously increases our average revenue per user (“ARPU”) and adds value for the consumer. We also believe that bundling leads to increased customer loyalty and retention.

Network Architecture and Technology

We have made significant investments in our technologically advanced telecommunications networks and continue to enhance and expand our network by deploying technologies to provide additional capacity to our customers. As a result, we are able to deliver high-quality, reliable data, video and voice services in the markets we serve. Our wide-ranging network and extensive use of fiber provide an easy reach into existing and new areas. By bringing the fiber network closer to the customer premises, we can increase our service offerings, quality and bandwidth services. Our existing network enables us to efficiently respond and adapt to changes in technology and is capable of supporting the rising customer demand for bandwidth in order to support the growing amount of wireless data devices in our customers’ homes and businesses.

Our networks are supported by advanced 100% digital switches, with a fiber network connecting in all but one of our exchanges. We continue to enhance our copper network to increase bandwidth in order to provide additional products and services to our marketable homes. In addition to our copper plant enhancements, we have deployed fiber-optic cable extensively throughout our network, resulting in a 100% fiber backbone network that supports all of the inter-office and host-remote links, as well as the majority of business parks within our service areas. In addition, this fiber infrastructure provides the connectivity required to provide video service, Internet and long-distance services to all Consolidated

We operate fiber networks which we own or have entered into long-term leases for fiber network access. At December 31, 2016, our fiber-optic network consisted of approximately 14,160 route-miles, which includes approximately 4,565 miles of fiber network in Minnesota and surrounding areas, approximately 4,130 miles of fiber network in Texas, approximately 1,800 route-miles of fiber-optic facilities in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, approximately 1,815 miles of fiber network in Illinois, approximately 1,085 route-miles of fiber optic facilities in California that cover large parts of the greater Sacramento metropolitan area and over 765 route-miles of fiber optic facilities in Kansas City that service the greater Kansas City area, including both Kansas and Missouri. In 2014, we expanded our commercial services into the greater Dallas/Fort Worth market, utilizing our existing carrier-class fiber network in this area. This network previously was used to serve our wholesale and carrier customers. With the expansion of the network, we began offering fiber based services including dedicated Internet access, wide area network services and hosted private branch exchange (iPBX) to commercial customers in this market.

Through our extensive fiber network, we are also able to support the increased demand on wireless carriers for data bandwidth. In all the markets we serve, we have launched initiatives to support fiber backhaul services to cell sites. As of December 31, 2016, we had 1,271 cell sites under contract with 1,119 connected and 152 scheduled for completion in 2017.

Business Strategies

Diversify revenues and increase revenues per customer

We continue to transform our business and diversify our revenue streams as we adapt to changes in the regulatory environment and advances in technology. As a result of acquisitions, our wireless partnerships and increases in the demand for data services, we continue to reduce our reliance on subsidies and access revenue. Utilizing our existing network and strategic network expansion initiatives, we are able to acquire and serve a more diversified business customer base and create new long-term revenue streams such as wireless carrier backhaul services. We will continue to focus on growing our broadband and commercial services through the expansion and extension of our fiber network to communities and corridors near our primary fiber routes where we believe we can offer competitive services and increase market share.

We also continue to focus on increasing our revenue per customer, primarily by improving our data market penetration, increasing the sale of other value-added services and encouraging customers to subscribe to our service bundles.

Improve operating efficiency

We continue to seek to improve operating efficiency through technology, better practices and procedures and through cost containment measures. In recent years, we have made significant operational improvements in our business through the centralization of work groups, processes and systems, which has resulted in significant cost savings and reductions in headcount. Because of these efficiencies, we are better able to deliver a consistent customer experience, service our customers in a more cost-effective manner and lower our cost structure. We continue to evaluate our operations in order to align our cost structure with operating revenues while continuing to launch new products and improve the overall customer experience.

Maintain capital expenditure discipline

Across all of our service territories, we have successfully managed capital expenditures to optimize returns through disciplined planning and targeted investment of capital. For example, investments in our networks allows significant flexibility to expand our commercial footprint, offer new service offerings and provide services in a cost-efficient manner while maintaining our reputation as a high-quality service provider. We will continue to invest in strategic growth initiatives to expand our fiber network to new markets and customers in order to optimize new business, backhaul and wholesale opportunities.

We have in the past taken, and expect to continue to take in the future, a disciplined approach in pursuing company acquisitions. When we evaluate potential transactions, important factors include:

·

The market;

·

The quality of the network;

·

The ability to integrate the acquired company efficiently;

·

Existence of significant potential operating synergies; and

·

The transaction will be cash flow accretive from day one.

We believe all of the above criteria will be met in connection with our expected acquisition of FairPoint in 2017. In the long term, we believe that this transaction will give us additional scale and will better position us financially, strategically and competitively to pursue additional acquisitions.

Competition

The telecommunications industry is subject to extensive competition, which has increased significantly in recent years. Technological advances have expanded the types and uses of services and products available. In addition, differences in the regulatory environment applicable to comparable alternative services have lowered costs for these competitors. As a result, we face heightened competition but also have new opportunities to grow our broadband business. Our competitors vary by market and may include other incumbent and competitive local telephone companies; cable operators offering video, data and VoIP products; wireless carriers; long distance providers; satellite companies; Internet service providers and in some cases new forms of providers who are able to offer a broad range of competitive services. We expect competition to remain a significant factor affecting our operating results and that the nature and extent of that competition will continue to increase. See Part I - Item 1A – “Risk Factors – Risks Relating to Our Business”.

In recent years, competition in our incumbent service areas has increased significantly. Except for the traditional multichannel video delivery business, which requires significant capital investment to serve customers, the barriers to entry are not high and technology changes force rapid competitive adjustments. Depending on the market area, we compete against AT&T and a number of other carriers, as well as Comcast, Time Warner, Mediacom, Armstrong, Suddenlink and NewWave Communications, in both the commercial and consumer markets. Google also recently launched data and video services in a limited, but growing, number of service areas including the Kansas City market. Our competitors offer traditional telecommunications services as well as IP-based services and other emerging data-based services. Our competitors continue to add features and adopt aggressive pricing and packaging for services comparable to the services we offer.

We continue to face significant competition from wireless and other fiber data providers as the demand for substitute communication services, such as wireless phones and data devices, continues to increase. Customers are increasingly foregoing traditional telephone services and land-based Internet service and relying exclusively on wireless service. In addition, the expanded availability for free or lower cost services, such as video over the Internet, complimentary Wi-Fi service and other streaming devices has increased competition among other providers including online digital distributors for our video and data services.

In most cases, we have entered the cable television service markets as the operator of a second (or subsequent) cable system. Therefore, we face the challenge of drawing customers away from the incumbent cable service provider. Similarly, the possession of comparatively greater size and scale can give an incumbent cable competitor an advantage in both access to and pricing of the program content needed to operate a cable television business. Our competitors, in some cases, possess significantly greater size and scale than we do. In order to meet the competition, we have responded in part by introducing new services and service bundles, offering services in convenient groupings with package discounts and billing advantages, providing excellent customer service and by continuing to invest in our network and business operations.

In our rural markets, services are more costly to provide than service in urban areas as a lower customer density necessitates higher capital expenditures on a per-customer basis. As a result, it generally is not economically viable for new entrants to overlap existing networks in rural territories. Despite the barriers to entry, rural telephone companies still face significant competition from wireless and video providers and, to a lesser extent, competitive telephone companies.

Our other lines of business are subject to substantial competition from local, regional and national competitors. In particular, our wholesale and transport business serves other interexchange carriers and we compete with a variety of service providers including incumbent and competitive local telephone companies and other fiber data companies. For our business systems products, we compete with other equipment providers or value added resellers, network providers, incumbent and competitive local telephone companies and with cloud and data hosting service providers.

We expect that competition in all of our businesses will continue to intensify as new technologies and changes in consumer behavior continue to emerge.

Regulatory Environment

The following summary does not describe all existing and proposed legislation and regulations affecting the telecommunications industry. Regulation can change rapidly, and ongoing proceedings and hearings could alter the manner in which the telecommunications industry operates. We cannot predict the outcome of any of these developments, nor their potential impact on us. See Part I – Item 1A – “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Regulation of Our Business”.

Overview

Our revenues, which include revenues from such telecommunications services as local telephone service, network access service and toll service, are subject to broad federal and/or state regulation and are derived from various sources, including:

The telecommunications industry is subject to extensive federal, state and local regulation. Under the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (the “Telecommunications Act”), federal and state regulators share responsibility for implementing and enforcing statutes and regulations designed to encourage competition and to preserve and advance widely available, quality telephone service at affordable prices.

At the federal level, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) generally exercises jurisdiction over facilities and services of local exchange carriers, such as our rural telephone companies, to the extent they are used to provide, originate or terminate interstate or international communications. The FCC has the authority to condition, modify, cancel, terminate or revoke our operating authority for failure to comply with applicable federal laws or FCC rules, regulations and policies. Fines or penalties also may be imposed for any of these violations.

State regulatory commissions generally exercise jurisdiction over carriers’ facilities and services to the extent they are used to provide, originate or terminate intrastate communications. In particular, state regulatory agencies have substantial oversight over interconnection and network access by competitors of our rural telephone companies. In addition, municipalities and other local government agencies regulate the public rights-of-way necessary to install and operate networks. State regulators can sanction our rural telephone companies or revoke our certifications if we violate relevant laws or regulations.

Our rural telephone companies and competitive local exchange companies must comply with the Communications Act of 1934, which requires, among other things, that telecommunications carriers offer services at just and reasonable rates and on non-discriminatory terms and conditions. The 1996 amendments to the Communications Act (contained in the Telecommunications Act discussed below) dramatically changed, and likely will continue to change, the landscape of the industry.

Removal of Entry Barriers

The Telecommunications Act imposes a number of interconnection and other requirements on all local communications providers. All telecommunications carriers have a duty to interconnect directly or indirectly with the facilities and equipment of other telecommunications carriers. Local exchange carriers, including our rural telephone companies, are required to:

·

Allow other carriers to resell their services;

·

Provide number portability where feasible;

·

Ensure dialing parity, meaning that consumers can choose their default local or long-distance telephone company without having to dial additional digits;

Negotiate interconnection agreements with other carriers in good faith;

·

Interconnect their facilities and equipment with any requesting telecommunications carrier, at any technically feasible point, at non-discriminatory rates and on non-discriminatory terms and conditions;

·

Offer their retail services to other carriers for resale at discounted wholesale rates;

·

Provide reasonable notice of changes in the information necessary for transmission and routing of services over the incumbent telephone company’s facilities or in the information necessary for interoperability; and

·

Provide, at rates, terms and conditions that are just, reasonable and non-discriminatory, for the physical collocation of other carriers’ equipment necessary for interconnection or access to unbundled network elements (“UNEs”) at the premises of the incumbent telephone company.

Access Charges

On November 18, 2011, the FCC released its comprehensive order on intercarrier compensation and universal service reform. See “FCC Access Charge and Universal Service Reform Order” below for detailed discussion on the FCC order.

A significant portion of our rural telephone companies’ revenues come from network access charges paid by long-distance and other carriers for using our companies’ local telephone facilities for originating or terminating calls within our service areas. The amount of network access revenues our rural telephone companies receive is based on rates set or approved by federal and state regulatory commissions, and these rates are subject to change at any time.

Intrastate network access charges are regulated by state commissions. The FCC order on intercarrier compensation and universal service reform required state access charges to mirror interstate access charges, and as of July 1, 2013, all switched intrastate access charges mirror interstate access charges.

The FCC regulates the prices we may charge for the use of our local telephone facilities to originate or terminate interstate and international calls. The FCC has structured these prices as a combination of flat monthly charges paid by customers and both usage-sensitive (per-minute) charges and flat monthly charges paid by long-distance or other carriers.

The FCC regulates interstate network access charges by imposing price caps on Regional Bell Operating Companies and other large incumbent telephone companies. These price caps can be adjusted based on various formulas, such as inflation and productivity, and otherwise through regulatory proceedings. Incumbent telephone companies, such as our local telephone companies, may elect to base network access charges on price caps, but are not required to do so. All of our incumbent telephone companies have elected for price cap regulation.

We believe that price cap regulation gives us greater pricing flexibility for interstate services, especially in the increasingly competitive special access segment. It also provides us with the potential to increase our net earnings by becoming more productive and introducing new services. As we have acquired new properties, we have converted them to federal price cap regulation.

Traditionally, regulators have allowed network access rates for rural areas to be set higher than the actual cost of terminating or originating long-distance calls as an implicit means of subsidizing the high cost of providing local service in rural areas. Following a series of federal court decisions ruling that subsidies must be explicit rather than implicit, the FCC adopted reforms in 2001 that reduced per-minute network access charges and shifted a portion of cost recovery, which historically was imposed on long-distance carriers, to flat-rate, monthly subscriber line charges imposed on end-user customers. While the FCC also increased explicit subsidies to rural telephone companies through the Universal Service Fund, the aggregate amount of interstate network access charges paid by long-distance carriers to access providers, such as our rural telephone companies, has decreased and may continue to decrease.

Unlike the federal system, California, Illinois and Minnesota do not provide an explicit subsidy in the form of a universal service fund for companies of our size. Therefore, while subsidies from the Federal Universal Service Fund offset the decrease in revenues resulting from the reduction in interstate network access rates, there was no corresponding offset for the decrease in revenues from the reduction in California and Illinois intrastate network access rates. In Minnesota, Pennsylvania and Texas, the intrastate network access rate regime applicable to our rural telephone companies does not mirror the FCC regime, so the impact of the reforms was revenue neutral.

In recent years, carriers have become more aggressive in disputing the FCC’s interstate access charge rates and the application of access charges to their telecommunications traffic. We believe these disputes have increased, in part, because advances in technology have made it more difficult to determine the identity and jurisdiction of traffic, giving carriers an increased opportunity to challenge access costs for their traffic. For example, in September 2003, Vonage Holdings Corporation filed a petition with the FCC to preempt an order of the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission asserting jurisdiction over Vonage. The FCC determined that it was impossible to divide Vonage’s VoIP service into interstate and intrastate components without negating federal rules and policies. Accordingly, the FCC found it was an interstate service not subject to traditional state telephone regulation. While the FCC order did not specifically address whether intrastate access charges were applicable to Vonage’s VoIP service, the fact that the service was found to be solely interstate raises that concern. We cannot predict what other actions other long-distance carriers may take before the FCC or with their local exchange carriers, including our rural telephone companies, to challenge the applicability of access charges. Due to the increasing deployment of VoIP services and other technological changes, we believe these types of disputes and claims are likely to increase.

Unbundled Network Element Rules

The unbundling requirements have been some of the most controversial provisions of the Telecommunications Act. In its initial implementation of the law, the FCC generally required incumbent telephone companies to lease a wide range of UNE’s to CLECs. Those rules were designed to enable competitors to deliver services to their customers in combination with their existing networks or as recombined service offerings on a UNE platform (“UNE-P”), which allowed competitors with no facilities of their own to purchase all the elements of local telephone service from the incumbent and resell them to customers. These unbundling requirements, and the duty to offer UNEs to competitors, imposed substantial costs on

the incumbent telephone companies and made it easier for customers to shift their business to other carriers. After a court challenge and a decision vacating portions of the UNE rules, the FCC issued revised rules in February 2005 that reinstated some unbundling requirements for incumbent telephone companies that are not protected by the rural exemption, but eliminated the UNE-P option and certain other unbundling requirements.

Each of the subsidiaries through which we operate our local telephone businesses is an incumbent telephone company and provides service in rural areas. As discussed above, the Telecommunications Act exempts rural telephone companies from certain of the more burdensome interconnection requirements. However, the Telecommunications Act provides that the rural exemption will cease to apply to competing cable companies if and when the rural carrier introduces video services in a service area, in which case, a competing cable operator providing video programming and seeking to provide telecommunications services in the area may interconnect. Since each of our subsidiaries now provide video services in their major service areas, the rural exemption no longer applies to cable company competitors in those service areas. Additionally, in Texas, the Public Utilities Commission of Texas (“PUCT”) has removed the rural exemption for our Texas subsidiaries with respect to telecommunications services furnished by Sprint Communications, L.P. on behalf of cable companies. Our ILEC subsidiaries in California, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota and Pennsylvania still have the rural exemption in place. We believe the benefits of providing video services outweigh the loss of the rural exemptions to cable operators.

Under its current rules, the FCC has eliminated unbundling requirements for ILECs providing broadband services over fiber facilities, but continues to require unbundled access to mass-market narrowband loops. ILECs are no longer required to unbundle packet switching services. In addition, the FCC found that CLECs generally are not at a disadvantage at certain wire center locations in regard to high bandwidth (DS-1 and DS-3) loops, dark fiber loops and dedicated interoffice transport facilities. However, where a disadvantage persists, ILECs continue to be required to unbundle loops and transport facilities.

The FCC rules regarding the unbundling of network elements did not have an impact on our Illinois and Pennsylvania ILEC operations because these ILECs have rural exemptions. Our CLEC operations were not significantly affected by the 2005 changes to the UNE rules because they use their own switching for business customers that are served by high capacity loops. Our Pennsylvania CLEC has a commercial agreement with Verizon that sets the terms of the pricing and provisioning of lines previously served utilizing UNE-P, including Verizon switching service. Less than 5% of our Pennsylvania CLEC access lines are provisioned utilizing this commercial arrangement. Although the costs for this arrangement will increase over time pursuant to the terms of the agreement, our relatively low use of Verizon’s switching and our ability to migrate some of the lines to alternative provisioning sources will limit the overall impact on our current cost structure. The CLEC has experienced moderate increases in the overall cost to provision high-capacity loops, interoffice transport facilities and dark fiber as a result of the FCC’s changes to unbundling requirements for those facilities. In December 2012, our subsidiary Consolidated Communications Enterprise Services, Inc. (“CCES”), entered into a 5-year wholesale special access agreement with AT&T, which moved us off of the UNE platform, reduced costs and gave us greater flexibility. This agreement applies to our CLEC operations in California, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri and Texas.

In 2006, Verizon filed a petition requesting that the FCC refrain from applying a number of regulations to the Verizon operations in six major metropolitan markets, including the Pittsburgh market area. Among other things, Verizon urged the FCC to forbear from applying loop and transport unbundling regulations, claiming there was sufficient competition in the Pittsburgh market to mitigate the need for these rules. The FCC denied Verizon’s petition in December 2007, but a federal court of appeals remanded this decision to the FCC for further analysis in 2009. If the FCC grants this remanded petition or any similar forbearance petitions in markets in which our CLEC operates, our cost to obtain access to loop and transport facilities would increase substantially for the 5%, or less, of the lines provisioned under the commercial agreement discussed above. In 2013, AT&T filed to amend its interstate access tariff with the FCC to eliminate the 5-year term discounts on its special access services. We filed a petition to reject AT&T’s filing, and on December 9, 2013, the FCC suspended AT&T’s filing pending investigation. The FCC has not yet issued a ruling in this matter.

Promotion of Universal Service

In general, telecommunications service in rural areas is more costly to provide than service in urban areas. The lower customer density means that switching and other facilities serve fewer customers and loops are typically longer, requiring greater expenditures per customer to build and maintain. By supporting the high cost of operations in rural markets, Universal Service Fund (“USF”) subsidies promote widely available, quality telephone service at affordable prices in rural

areas. Revenues from federal and certain states’ USFs totaled $48.4 million, $56.3 million and $53.2 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

In order for an eligible telecommunications carrier (“ETC”) to receive high-cost support, the USF/Intercarrier Compensation (“ICC”) Transformation Order requires states to certify annually that USF support is used only for the provision, maintenance and upgrading of facilities and services for which the support is intended. States, in turn, require that ETCs file certifications with them as the basis for the state filings with the FCC. Failure to meet the annual data and certification deadlines can result in reduced support to the ETC based on the length of the delay in certification. Each of our rural telephone companies has been designated as an ETC. For calendar year 2013, the California state certification was due to be filed with the FCC on or before October 1, 2012. We were notified in January 2013 that SureWest Communications (“SureWest”) did not submit the required certification to the California Public Utilities Commission (“CPUC”) in time to be included in its October 1, 2012 submission to the FCC. In January 2013, we filed a certification with the CPUC and filed a petition with the FCC for a waiver of the filing deadline for the annual state certification. In February 2013, the CPUC filed a certification with the FCC with respect to SureWest. In October 2013, the Wireline Competition Bureau of the FCC denied our petition for a waiver of the annual certification deadline. In November 2013, we applied for a review of the decision made by the FCC staff by the full Commission. Management is optimistic that the Company may prevail in its application to the Commission and receive USF funding for the period January 1, 2013 through June 30, 2013 based on the change in SureWest’s USF filing status caused by the change in the ownership of SureWest, the lack of formal notice by the FCC regarding this change in filing status, the fact that SureWest had a previously filed certification of compliance in effect with the FCC for the two quarters for which USF was withheld and the FCC’s past practice of granting waivers to accept late filings in similar situations. However, due to the denial of our petition by the Wireline Competition Bureau and the uncertainty of the collectability of previously recognized revenues, in December 2013 we reversed $3.0 million of previously recognized revenues until such time that the Commission has the opportunity to reach a decision on our application for review. In October 2016, the FCC denied our request for review and, in December 2016, we filed a petition for review of this denial with the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The proceeding is currently pending.

FCC Access Charge and Universal Service Reform Order

In November 2011, the FCC released a comprehensive order on access charge and universal service reform (the “Order”). The access charge portion of the Order systematically reduces minute-of-use-based interstate access, intrastate access and reciprocal compensation rates over a six to nine year period to an end state of bill-and-keep, in which each carrier recovers the costs of its network through charges to its own subscribers, rather than through intercarrier compensation. The reductions apply to terminating access rates and usage, with originating access to be addressed by the FCC in a later proceeding. To help with the transition to bill-and-keep, the FCC created two mechanisms. The first is an Access Recovery Mechanism (“ARM”) which is funded from the Connect America Fund (“CAF”), and the second is an Access Recovery Charge (“ARC”) which is recovered from end users. The universal service portion of the Order redirects support from voice services to broadband services, and is now called the CAF. The initial release of the Order mandated that, in order to receive CAF funding, carriers must agree to provide broadband capability to 100% of their customer base at a minimum speed of 4 Mbps downstream and 1Mbps upstream.

In the Order, holding companies with price cap study areas and rate of return study areas are mandated to move each of their interstate rate of return study areas to price cap for universal service purposes only. The intercarrier compensation rules will keep rate of return study areas under the rate of return intercarrier compensation transitions plan and the price cap study areas under the price cap intercarrier compensation transition.

In 2012, CAF Phase I was implemented, which froze USF support to price cap carriers until the FCC implemented a broadband cost model to shift support from voice services to broadband services. The Order also modified the methodology used for ICC traffic exchanged between carriers. The initial phase of ICC reform was effective on July 1, 2012, beginning the transition of our terminating switched access rates to bill-and-keep over a seven year period, and as a result, our network access revenue decreased approximately $1.7 million, $1.3 million and $1.4 million during 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

In December 2014, the FCC released a report and order that addressed, among other things, the transition to CAF Phase II funding for price cap carriers, the acceptance criteria for CAF Phase II funding and the annual reporting requirements, and the introduction of CAF Phase III. For companies that accept the CAF Phase II funding, there is a three year transition period in instances in which their current CAF Phase I funding exceeds the CAF Phase II funding. If CAF Phase II funding

exceeds CAF Phase I funding, the transitional support is waived and CAF Phase II funding begins immediately. Companies are required to commit to a statewide build out requirement to 10 Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream in funded locations. We accepted the CAF Phase II funding in August 2015. The annual funding under CAF Phase I of $36.6 million was replaced by annual funding under CAF Phase II of $13.9 million through 2020. With the sale of our Iowa ILEC in 2016, this amount was further reduced to $11.5 million through 2020. The acceptance of funding at the lower level for CAF Phase II will transition over a three year period, beginning in August 2015, at the rates of 75% of the CAF Phase I funding level in the first year, 50% in the second year and 25% in the third year.

The annual reporting requirements include (i) filings of annual certifications that the carrier is both meeting its public interest obligations and is offering comparable broadband rates and (ii) the filing of a Service Quality Improvement plan. The initial plan must be filed by July 1, 2016, with progress reports filed every year thereafter. The plan must include, among other things, the total amount of CAF Phase II funding used to fund capital expenditures in the previous year and certification that the carrier is meeting the required interim deployment milestones.

State Regulation

California

The CPUC has the power, among other things, to establish rates, terms and conditions for intrastate service, to prescribe uniform systems of accounts and to regulate the mortgaging or disposition of public utility properties.

In an ongoing proceeding relating to the New Regulatory Framework, the CPUC adopted Decision 06-08-030 in 2006, which grants carriers broader pricing freedom in the provision of telecommunications services, bundling of services, promotions and customer contracts. This decision adopted a new regulatory framework, the Uniform Regulatory Framework (“URF”), which among other things (i) eliminates price regulation and allows full pricing flexibility for all new and retail services, (ii) allows new forms of bundles and promotional packages of telecommunication services, (iii) allocates all gains and losses from the sale of assets to shareholders and (iv) eliminates almost all elements of rate of return regulation, including the calculation of shareable earnings. In December 2010, the CPUC issued a ruling to initiate a new proceeding to assess whether, or to what extent, the level of competition in the telecommunications industry is sufficient to control prices for the four largest ILECs in the state. Subsequently, the CPUC issued a ruling temporarily deferring the proceeding. When the CPUC may open this proceeding is unclear and on hold at this time. The CPUC’s actions in this and future proceedings could lead to new rules and an increase in government regulation. The Company will continue to monitor this matter.

Illinois

Our Illinois rural telephone company holds the necessary certifications in Illinois to provide long-distance and payphone services. We are required to file tariffs with the Illinois Commerce Commission (“ILCC”) or post written service offerings on its website, but generally can change the prices, terms and conditions stated in its tariffs on one day’s notice, with prior notice of price increases to affected customers. Our CLEC services are not subject to any significant state regulations in Illinois.

Our Illinois rural telephone company is certified by the ILCC to provide local telephone services. This entity operates as a distinct company from a regulatory standpoint. As described below, Consolidated Communications of Illinois Company (formerly known as Illinois Consolidated Telephone Company) (“CCIL”) has elected the option under Illinois law to have its rates, terms and conditions of service subject to market regulation, meaning it is regulated by competition in the market. Although, as explained above, the FCC has preempted certain state regulations pursuant to the Telecommunications Act, Illinois retains the authority to impose requirements on our Illinois rural telephone company to preserve universal service, protect public safety and welfare, ensure quality of service and protect consumers. Our Illinois rural telephone company has not had a general rate proceeding before the ILCC since 1983.

The Illinois General Assembly has made major revisions and added significant new provisions to the portions of the Illinois Public Utilities Act governing the regulation and obligations of telecommunications carriers on a number of occasions since 1985. In 2007, the Illinois legislature addressed competition for cable and video services and authorized statewide licensing by the ILCC to replace the existing system of individual town franchises. This legislation also imposed substantial state-mandated consumer service and consumer protection requirements on providers of cable and video services. The requirements generally became applicable to us on January 1, 2008, and we are operating in compliance

with the law. Although we have franchise agreements for cable and video services in all the towns we serve, this statewide franchising authority will simplify the process in the future. In July 2016, we notified the ILCC and the municipalities with which we have cable and video franchise agreements that we will be filing with the ILCC for statewide franchising authority in 2017. In 2010, the Illinois General Assembly passed Public Act 96-0927, which updates the telecommunications statute, allowing ILECs, beginning January 1, 2011, to elect deregulation of local services. The Governor of Illinois signed the bill into law on June 15, 2010. CCIL elected this option effective April 1, 2014. Under this option, CCIL’s rates for local services became “competitive” and no longer subject to rate of return regulation, and certain other service quality obligations are reduced. CCIL is obligated to make certain basic local exchange service packages available to customers. Public Act 96-0927 also specified that local exchange carriers may not charge intrastate access rates at levels higher than their interstate access rates. In June 2013, the Illinois legislature approved additional amendments making minor changes to the telecommunications statute. The current telecommunications statute is currently scheduled to sunset July 1, 2017.

Texas

Our Texas rural telephone companies are each certified by the PUCT to provide local telephone services in their respective territories. In addition, our Texas long-distance and transport subsidiaries are registered with the PUCT as interexchange carriers. The transport subsidiary has also obtained a service provider certificate of operating authority (“SPCOA”) to better assist the transport subsidiary with its operations in municipal areas. Recently, to assist with expanding services offerings, CCES also obtained a SPCOA from the PUCT. While our Texas rural telephone company services are extensively regulated, our other services, such as long-distance and transport services, are not subject to any significant state regulation.

Our Texas rural telephone companies operate as distinct companies from a regulatory standpoint. Each is separately regulated by the PUCT in order to preserve universal service, protect public safety and welfare, ensure quality of service and protect consumers. Each Texas rural telephone company must file and maintain tariffs setting forth the terms, conditions and prices for its intrastate services.

Currently, both of our Texas rural telephone companies have immunity from adjustments to their rates, including their intrastate network access rates, because they elected “incentive regulation” under the Texas Public Utilities Regulatory Act (“PURA”). In order to qualify for incentive regulation, our rural telephone companies agreed to fulfill certain infrastructure requirements. In exchange, they are not subject to challenge by the PUCT regarding their rates, overall revenues, return on invested capital or net income.

PURA prescribes two different forms of incentive regulation in Chapter 58 and Chapter 59. Under either election, the rates, including network access rates, an incumbent telephone company may charge for basic local services generally cannot be increased from the amount(s) on the date of election without PUCT approval. Even with PUCT approval, increases can only occur in very specific situations. Pricing flexibility under Chapter 59 is extremely limited. In contrast, Chapter 58 allows greater pricing flexibility on non-basic network services, customer-specific contracts and new services.

Initially, both of our Texas rural telephone companies elected incentive regulation under Chapter 59 and fulfilled the applicable infrastructure requirements, but they changed their election status to Chapter 58 in 2003, which gives them some pricing flexibility for basic services, subject to PUCT approval. The PUCT could impose additional infrastructure requirements or other restrictions in the future, which could limit the amount of cash that is available to be transferred from our rural telephone companies to the parent entities.

In September 2005, the Texas legislature adopted significant additional telecommunications legislation. Among other things, this legislation created a statewide video franchise for telecommunications carriers, established a framework to deregulate the retail telecommunications services offered by incumbent local telecommunications carriers, imposed concurrent requirements to reduce intrastate access charges and directed the PUCT to initiate a study of the Texas Universal Service Fund.

Texas Universal Service

The Texas Universal Service Fund is administered by the National Exchange Carrier Association. PURA, the governing law, directs the PUCT to adopt and enforce rules requiring local exchange carriers to contribute to a state universal service fund that helps telecommunications providers offer basic local telecommunications service at reasonable rates in high-cost

rural areas. The Texas Universal Service Fund is also used to reimburse telecommunications providers for revenues lost for providing lifeline service. Our Texas rural telephone companies receive disbursements from this fund. Our Texas ILECs receive two state funds, the small and rural incumbent local exchange company plan High Cost Fund (“HCF”) and the high cost assistance fund (“HCAF”). The HCF is a line-based fund used to keep local rates low. The rate is applied on all residential lines and up to five single business lines. The amount we receive from the HCAF is a frozen monthly amount that was originally developed to offset high intrastate toll rates.

In September 2011, the Texas state legislature passed Senate Bill No. 980/House Bill No. 2603 which, among other things, mandated the PUCT to review the Universal Service Fund and issue recommendations by January 1, 2013 with the intent to effectively reduce the size of the Universal Service Fund. This would be accomplished by implementing an urban floor to offset state funding reductions with a phase-in period of four years. The PUCT recommended that (i) frozen line counts be lifted effective September 1, 2013 and (ii) rural and urban local rate benchmarks be developed. The large company fund review was completed in September 2012 and the PUCT addressed the small fund participants in Docket 41097
Rate Rebalancing
(“Docket 41097”), as discussed below.

In June 2013, the Texas state legislature passed Senate Bill No. 583 (“SB 583”). The provisions of SB 583 were effective September 1, 2013 and froze HCF and HCAF support for the remainder of 2013. As of January 1, 2014, our annual $1.4 million HCAF support was eliminated and the frozen HCF support returned to funding on a per line basis. In July 2013, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with the PUCT on Docket 41097, which was approved by the PUCT in August 2013. In accordance with the provisions of the settlement agreement, the HCF draw will be reduced by approximately $1.2 million annually over a four year period beginning June 1, 2014 through 2018. However, we have the ability to fully offset this reduction with increases to residential rates where market conditions allow.

In addition, the PUCT is required to develop a needs test for post-2017 funding and has held workshops on various proposals. The PUCT issued its recommendation to the Texas state commissioners in May 2014, which was approved in December 2014. The needs test allows for a one-time disaggregation of line rates from a per line flat rate, and then a competitive test must be met to receive funding. The Company filed its submission for the needs test on December 28, 2016. The PUCT issued docket 46699 on January 4, 2017 to review the filing and a decision is expected in the second quarter of 2017.

Pennsylvania

The Pennsylvania Public Utilities Commission (“PAPUC”) regulates the rates, the system of financial accounts for reporting purposes and certain aspects of service quality, billing procedures and universal service funding, among other things, related to our rural telephone company and CLEC’s provision of intrastate services. In addition, the PAPUC sets the rates and terms for interconnection between carriers within the guidelines ordered by the FCC. Pennsylvania intrastate rates are regulated under a statutory framework referred to as Act 183.

Pennsylvania Universal Service and Access Charges

In 2011, the PAPUC issued an intrastate access reform order reducing intrastate access rates to interstate levels in a three-step process, which began in March 2012. With the release of the FCC order in November 2011, the PAPUC temporarily issued a stay. A final stay was issued in 2012 to implement the FCC ordered intrastate access rate changes. The PAPUC had indicated that it would address state universal funding in 2013, but delayed conducting a proceeding pending any state legislative activity that may occur in the 2017 legislative session. The Company will continue to monitor this matter.

Minnesota, Iowa and North Dakota

For our CLEC operations in Minnesota, Iowa and North Dakota, we must file for CLEC or interexchange authority to operate with the appropriate public utility commission in each state it serves. Our CLECs provide a variety of services to both residential and business customers in multiple jurisdictions for local and interexchange services. Our CLECs provide services with less regulatory oversight than our ILEC companies.

Our subsidiaries Consolidated Communications of Minnesota Company (formerly Mankato Citizens Telephone Company) (“CCMN”) and Consolidated Communications of Mid-Communications Company (formerly Mid-Communications, Inc.) (“CCMC”) are ILECs. CCMN and CCMC are public utilities operating pursuant to indeterminate permits issued by the

Minnesota Public Utilities Commission (“MPUC”). Due to the size of our ILEC companies, the MPUC does not regulate our rates of return or profits. In Minnesota, regulators monitor CCMN and CCMC price and service levels.

Local Government Authorizations

In the various states we operate in, we operate under a structure in which each municipality or other regulatory agencies may impose various fees, such as for the privilege of originating and terminating messages and placing facilities within the municipality, for obtaining permits for street opening and construction, and/or for operating franchises to install and expand fiber optic facilities.

Regulation of Broadband and Internet Services

Video Services

Our cable television subsidiaries each require a state or local franchise or other authorization in order to provide cable service to customers. Each of these subsidiaries is subject to regulation under a framework that exists in Title VI of the Communications Act.

Under this framework, the responsibilities and obligations of franchising bodies and cable operators have been carefully defined. The law addresses such issues as the use of local streets and rights of way; the carriage of public, educational and governmental channels; the provision of channel space for leased commercial access; the amount and payment of franchise fees; consumer protection and similar issues. In addition, Federal laws place limits on the common ownership of cable systems and competing multichannel video distribution systems, and on the common ownership of cable systems and local telephone systems in the same geographic area. Many provisions of the federal law have been implemented through FCC regulations. The FCC has expanded its oversight and regulation of the cable television-related matters recently. In some cases, it has acted to assure that new competitors in the cable television business are able to gain access to potential customers and can also obtain licenses to carry certain types of video programming.

The Communications Act also authorizes the licensing and operation of open video systems (“OVS”). An OVS is a form of multichannel video delivery that was initially intended to accommodate unaffiliated providers of video programming on the same network. The OVS regulatory structure also offered a means for a single provider to serve less than an entire community. Our Kansas City operations in Missouri utilize an OVS that allows us to operate in only a part of Kansas City.

A number of state and local provisions also affect the operation of our cable systems. The California legislature adopted the Digital Infrastructure and Video Competition Act of 2006 (“DIVCA”) to encourage further entrance of telephone companies and other new cable operators to compete against the large incumbent cable operators. DIVCA changed preexisting California law to require new franchise applicants to obtain franchise authorizations on the state level. In addition, DIVCA established a general set of state-defined terms and conditions to replace numerous terms and conditions that had applied uniquely in local municipalities, and it repealed a state law that had prohibited local governments from adopting terms for new competitive franchises that differed in any material way from the incumbent’s franchise even if competitive circumstances were very different. Some portions of this law are also available to incumbent cable operators with existing local franchises who compete against us.

A state franchising law has also been enacted in Kansas. While these laws have reduced franchise burdens on our subsidiaries and have made it easier for them to seek out and enter new markets, they also have reduced the entry barriers for others who may want to enter our cable television markets.

Federal law and regulation also affects numerous issues related to video programming and other content.

Under federal law, certain local television broadcast stations (both commercial and non-commercial) can elect, every three years, to take advantage of rules that require a cable operator to distribute the station’s content to the cable system’s customers without charge, or to forego this “must-carry” obligation and to negotiate for carriage on an arm’s length contractual basis, which typically involves the payment of a fee by the cable operator, and sometimes involves other consideration as well. The current three year cycle began on January 1, 2015. The Company has successfully negotiated agreements with all of the local television broadcast stations that would have been eligible for “must carry” treatment in

each of its markets. As anticipated, fees under retransmission consent agreements generally underwent marked increases for the 2015 through 2017 period.

Federal law and regulations regulate access to certain programming content that is delivered by satellite. The FCC has provisions in place that ban certain discriminatory practices and unfair acts, and include a presumption that the withholding of regional sports programming by content affiliates of incumbent cable operators is presumptively unlawful. The existing FCC complaint process for program access for both satellite and terrestrially-delivered content is governed on a case-by-case basis. The FCC currently is considering adopting rules that could make it less burdensome for competing multichannel video programming providers who are denied access to cable-affiliated satellite programming on reasonable terms and conditions to pursue and meet evidentiary standards with respect to program access complaints. This proceeding remains pending before the FCC.

The FCC adopted an order banning exclusive contracts between affiliates where the programming is sent via terrestrial media, and banning certain other unfair acts, making it clear that the withholding of regional sports programming and high definition television programming by content affiliates of incumbent cable operators would receive special attention. Unlike the satellite provisions, the new rules will not expire.

In early 2010, Comcast proposed to enter into a joint venture with NBC Universal, through which it would acquire control of numerous NBC properties, including both broadcast and cable television programming operations of NBC. In early 2011, the FCC and the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) approved the transaction, with a significant number of conditions designed to promote programming diversity, to limit the ability of the combined entity to affect competition adversely, and to protect newly emerging markets such as independent OTT video. These conditions include requirements for program access and carriage, non-discrimination in making programming available, limits on bundling that would affect competition and the relationship of the joint venture to emerging on-line competition. In addition, conditions were imposed to maintain independence within the NBC unit in dealing with competing cable operators. The parties agreed to the conditions and the transaction was completed during 2011. Most of the conditions will have a duration of seven years.

The contractual relationships between cable operators and most providers of content who are not television broadcast stations generally are not subject to FCC oversight or other regulation. The majority of providers of content to our subsidiaries, including content providers affiliated with incumbent cable operators such as Comcast, but who are not subject to any FCC or DOJ conditions, do so through arm’s length contracts where the parties have mutually agreed upon the terms of carriage and the applicable fees.

The transition to digital television (“DTV”) has led the FCC to adopt and implement new rules designed to ease the shift. These rules also can be expected to make broadcast content more accessible over the air to smartphones, personal computers and other non-television devices. Local television broadcast stations will also be able to offer more content over their assigned digital spectrum after the DTV transition, including additional channels.

The Company continues to monitor the emergence of video content options for customers that have become available over the Internet, and that may be made available for free, by individual subscription or in conjunction with a separate cable service agreement. In some cases, this involves the ability to watch episodes of desirable network television programming and to procure additional content related to programs carried on linear cable channels. These options have increased significantly and can lead cable television customers to terminate or reduce their level of services. At this time, OTT programming options cannot duplicate the nature or extent of desirable programming carried by cable systems, and the market is still comparatively nascent, but in light of changing technology and events such as the Comcast-NBC transaction, the OTT market will continue to grow and evolve rapidly.

Cable operators depend, to some degree, upon their ability to utilize the poles (and conduit) of electric and telephone utilities. The terms and conditions under which such attachments can be made were established in the federal Pole Attachment Act of 1978, as amended. The Pole Attachment Act outlined the formula for calculating the fee to be charged for the use of utility poles, a formula that assesses fees based on the proportionate amount of space assigned for use and an allocation of certain qualified costs of the pole owner. The FCC has put a structure in place for pole attachment regulation that has covered cable operators and other types of providers. The FCC has adopted new rules that apply a single rate to all providers who use poles, whether they are cable operators, telecommunications providers, or Internet providers, even if they use the attachment to offer more than one service. These rules only affect attachments in states where the federal rules apply. States have the option to opt out of the federal formula and to regulate pole attachments independently. Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Pennsylvania and Texas follow the FCC pole attachment

framework. California has elected to separately regulate pole attachments and pole attachment rates. The FCC decision has been appealed, and the ultimate outcome of the appeal cannot be predicted.

Cable operators are subject to longstanding cable copyright obligations where they pay copyright fees for some types of programming that are considered secondary retransmissions. The copyright fees are updated from time to time, and are paid into a pool administered by the United States Copyright Office for distribution to qualifying recipients.

The FCC has so far declined to require that cable operators allow unaffiliated Internet service providers to gain access to customers by using the network of the operator’s cable system. The FCC also has considered the benefits of a requirement that cable operators offer programming on their systems on an a la carte or themed basis, but to date has not adopted regulations requiring such action. These matters may resurface in the future, particularly as the OTT market grows. In light of the fact that programming is increasingly being made available through Internet connections, some cable operators have considered their own a la carte alternatives. Content owners with linear channels continue to provide greater “on demand” programming and offerings that maintain the value of their linear channels for customers.

The outcome of pending matters cannot be determined at this time but can lead to increased costs for the Company in connection with our provision of cable services and can affect our ability to compete in the markets we serve.

Internet Services

The provision of Internet access services is not significantly regulated by either the FCC or the state commissions. However, the FCC has been moving toward the imposition of some controls on the provision of Internet access. In 2002, in part to place cable modem service and Digital Subscriber Line (“DSL”) service on an equal competitive footing, the FCC asserted jurisdiction over these services as “information services” under Title I of the Communications Act, and removed them from treatment under Title II of the Act, but to date it has not determined what regulatory framework, if any, is appropriate for Internet services under Title I.

The FCC has also adopted policy principles to signal its objectives with respect to high-speed Internet and related services. These principles are intended to encourage broad customer access to the content and applications of their choice, to promote the unrestricted use of lawful equipment by users of Internet services and to promote competition among providers.

In 2009, the FCC proposed to enact rules related to Internet access services, relying in part on the policy principles that it had earlier adopted, but expanding their reach and adding additional provisions. These rules prohibit discrimination with respect to applications providers, among other things, subject to reasonable network management by an Internet access service provider.

The FCC has asserted that it has jurisdictional authority under the Communications Act for the promotion of an “open Internet” or “net neutrality”. The FCC elected to adopt these rules in December 2010. In January 2014, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit found that the FCC does have the authority to implement regulation of the Internet if those rules reasonably advance the promotion of broadband deployment and do not violate other statutory requirements.

As a result of the ruling, the FCC intends to reclassify broadband Internet services as a telecommunications service subject to regulation under Title II of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, and in March 2015, the FCC released its net neutrality order, which applies to all wireline and wireless providers of broadband Internet services. The net neutrality order addresses several areas that will be regulated and others that are subject to forbearance. The regulations disallow blocking, throttling and paid prioritization by Internet service providers. The net neutrality order also requires providers to disclose certain information to consumers regarding rates, fees, data allowances and packet loss. Finally, it gives the FCC codified enforcement authority and it forbears on certain Title II regulations. We do not believe the net neutrality order will result in significant changes to the services we provide our customers, nor do we believe it will have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

The Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) is currently assessing certain advertising and marketing practices of Internet-related companies, as well as the use of the Internet in connection with other businesses. FTC action can affect the manner of operation of some of our businesses. The outcome of pending matters cannot be determined at this time but can lead to increased costs for the Company in connection with our provision of Internet services, and can affect our ability to compete in the markets we serve.

Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to those described below, that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and the trading price of our common stock.

Risks Relating to Our Business

We expect to continue to face significant competition in all parts of our business and the level of competition could intensify among our customer channels.
The telecommunications industry is highly competitive. We face actual and potential competition from many existing and emerging companies, including other incumbent and competitive local telephone companies, long-distance carriers and resellers, wireless companies, Internet service providers, satellite companies and cable television companies, and, in some cases, from new forms of providers who are able to offer competitive services through software applications requiring a comparatively small initial investment. Due to consolidations and strategic alliances within the industry, we cannot predict the number of competitors we will face at any given time.

The wireless business has expanded significantly and has caused many subscribers with traditional telephone and land-based Internet access services to give up those services and rely exclusively on wireless service. Consumers are finding television shows of interest to them through the Internet and are watching content that is downloaded to their computers. Some providers, including television and cable television content owners, have initiated what are called over-the-top (“OTT”) services that deliver video content to televisions and computers over the Internet. OTT services can include episodes of highly-rated television series in their current broadcast seasons. They also can include content that is related to broadcast or sports content that we carry, but that is distinct and may be available only through the alternative source.

Finally, the transition to digital broadcast television has allowed many consumers to obtain high-definition local broadcast television signals (including many network affiliates) over-the-air using a simple antenna. Consumers can pursue each of these options without foregoing any of the other options. We may not be able to successfully anticipate and respond to many of these various competitive factors affecting the industry, including regulatory changes that may affect our competitors and us differently, new technologies, services and applications that may be introduced, changes in consumer preferences, demographic trends, and discount or bundled pricing strategies by competitors.

The incumbent telephone carrier in the markets we serve enjoys certain business advantages, including size, financial resources, favorable regulatory position, a more diverse product mix, brand recognition and connection to virtually all of our customers and potential customers. The largest cable operators also enjoy certain business advantages, including size, financial resources, ownership of or superior access to desirable programming and other content, a more diverse product mix, brand recognition and first-in-field advantages with a customer base that generates positive cash flow for its operations. Our competitors continue to add features, increase data speeds and adopt aggressive pricing and packaging for services comparable to the services we offer. Their success in selling services that are competitive with ours among our various customer channels can lead to revenue erosion in other related areas. We face intense competition in our markets for long-distance, Internet access, video service and other ancillary services that are important to our business and to our growth strategy. If we do not compete effectively we could lose customers, revenue and market share; customers may reduce their usage of our services or switch to a less profitable service; and we may need to lower our prices or increase our marketing efforts to remain competitive.

We must adapt to rapid technological change. If we are unable to take advantage of technological developments, or if we adopt and implement them at a slower rate than our competitors, we may experience a decline in the demand for our service.
Our industry operates in a technologically complex environment. New technologies are continually developed and products and services undergo constant improvement. Emerging technologies offer consumers a variety of choices for their communication and broadband needs. To remain competitive, we will need to adapt to future changes in technology to enhance our existing offerings and to introduce new or improved offerings that anticipate and respond to the varied and continually changing demands of our various customer channels. Our business and results of operations could be adversely affected if we are unable to match the benefits offered by competing technologies on a timely basis or at an acceptable cost, and if we fail to employ technologies desired by our customers before our competitors do so or if we do not successfully execute on our technology initiatives.

New technologies, particularly alternative methods for the distribution, access and viewing of content, have been, and will likely continue to be, developed that will further increase the number of competitors that we face and drive changes in consumer behavior. Consumers seek more control over when, where and how they consume content and are increasingly interested in communication services outside of the home and in newer services in wireless Internet technology and devices such as tablets, smartphones and mobile wireless routers that connect to such devices. These new technologies, distribution platforms and consumer behaviors may have a negative impact on our business.

In addition, evolving technologies can reduce the costs of entry for others, resulting in greater competition and significant new advantages to competitors. Technological developments could require us to make significant new capital investment in order to remain competitive with other service providers. If we do not replace or upgrade our network and its technology once it becomes obsolete, we will not be able to compete effectively and will likely lose customers. We also may be placed at a cost disadvantage in offering our services. Technology changes are also allowing individuals to bypass telephone companies and cable operators entirely to make and receive calls, and to provide for the distribution and viewing of video programming without the need to subscribe to traditional voice and video products and services. Increasingly, this can be done over wireless facilities and other emerging mobile technologies as well as traditional wired networks. Wireless companies are aggressively developing networks using next-generation data technologies, which are capable of delivering high-speed Internet service via wireless technology to a large geographic footprint. As these technologies continue to expand in availability and reliability, they could become an effective alternative to our high-speed Internet services. Although we use fiber optics in parts of our networks, including in some residential areas, we continue to rely on coaxial cable and copper transport media to serve customers in many areas. The facilities we use to offer our video services, including the interfaces with customers, are undergoing a rapid evolution, and depend in part on the products, expertise and capabilities of third parties. If we cannot develop new services and products to keep pace with technological advances, or if such services and products are not widely embraced by our customers, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.

Shifts in our product mix may result in declines in operating profitability
. Margins vary among our products and services. Our profitability may be impacted by technological changes, customer demands, regulatory changes, the competitive nature of our business and changes in the product mix of our sales. These shifts may also result in our long-lived assets becoming impaired or our inventory becoming obsolete. We review long-lived assets for potential impairment if certain events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may be present. We currently manage potential inventory obsolescence through reserves, but future technology changes may cause inventory obsolescence to exceed current reserves.

Video content costs are substantial and continue to increase.
We expect video content costs to continue to be one of our largest operating costs associated with providing video service. Video programming content includes cable-oriented programming designed to be shown in linear channels, as well as the programming of local over-the-air television stations that we retransmit. In addition, on-demand programming is being made available in response to customer demand. In recent years, the cable industry has experienced rapid increases in the cost of programming, especially the cost of sports programming and local broadcast station retransmission content. Programming costs are generally assessed on a per-subscriber basis, and therefore, are directly related to the number of subscribers to which the programming is provided. Our relatively small base of subscribers limits our ability to negotiate lower per-subscriber programming costs. Larger providers can often qualify for discounts based on the number of their subscribers. This cost difference can cause us to experience reduced operating margins, while our competitors with a larger subscriber base may not experience similar margin compression. In addition, escalators in existing content agreements cause cost increases that exceed general inflation. While we expect these increases to continue, we may not be able to pass our programming cost increases on to our customers, particularly as an increasing amount of programming content becomes available via the Internet at little or no cost. Also, some competitors or their affiliates own programming in their own right and we may not be able to secure license rights to that programming. As our programming contracts with content providers expire, there is no assurance that they will be renewed on acceptable terms or that they will be renewed at all, in which case we may not be able to provide such programming as part of our video services packages and our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We receive cash distributions from our wireless partnership interests and the continued receipt of future distributions is not guaranteed.
We own five wireless partnership interests consisting of 2.34% of GTE Mobilnet of South Texas Limited Partnership, which provides cellular service in the Houston, Galveston and Beaumont, Texas metropolitan areas; 3.60% of Pittsburgh SMSA Limited Partnership, which provides cellular service in and around the Pittsburgh metropolitan area; 20.51% of GTE Mobilnet of Texas RSA #17 Limited Partnership (“RSA #17”); 16.67% of Pennsylvania RSA 6(I)

Limited Partnership (“RSA 6(I)”) and 23.67% of Pennsylvania RSA 6(II) Limited Partnership (“RSA 6(II)”). RSA #17 provides cellular service to a limited rural area in Texas. RSA 6(I) and RSA 6(II) provide cellular service in and around our Pennsylvania service territory.

In 2016, 2015 and 2014, we received cash distributions from these partnerships of $32.1 million, $45.3 million and $34.6 million, respectively. The cash distributions we receive from these partnerships are based on our percentage of ownership and the partnerships’ operating results, cash availability and financing needs, as determined by the General Partner at the date of the distribution. We cannot control the timing, dollar amount or certainty of any future cash distributions from these partnerships. If cash distributions from these partnerships decrease or end in the future, our results of operations could be adversely affected, and as a result, we may be unable to fulfill our long-term obligations or our ability to pay cash dividends to our shareholders may be restricted.

A disruption in our networks and infrastructure could cause delays or interruptions of service, which could cause us to lose customers and incur additional expenses.
Our customers depend on reliable service over our network. The primary risks to our network infrastructure include physical damage to lines, security breaches, capacity limitations, power surges or outages, software defects and disruptions beyond our control, such as natural disasters and acts of terrorism. From time to time in the ordinary course of business, we will experience short disruptions in our service due to factors such as physical damage, inclement weather and service failures of our third party service providers. We could experience more significant disruptions in the future. Disruptions may cause interruptions in service or reduced capacity for customers, either of which could cause us to lose customers and incur unexpected expenses.

A cyber-attack, information or security breach, or a technology failure of ours or of a third party could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business, manage our exposure to risk, result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, increase our costs to maintain and update our operational and security systems and infrastructure, and adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.
Our operations rely on the secure processing, transmission, storage and retrieval of confidential, proprietary and other information in our computer and data management systems and networks, and in the computer and data management systems and networks of third parties. We rely on digital technologies, computer, database and email systems, software, and networks to conduct our operations. Failure to prevent, detect and/or mitigate cyber-attacks, information or security breaches of our systems and networks may result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have employees who are covered by collective bargaining agreements. If we are unable to enter into new agreements or renew existing agreements before they expire, we could have a work stoppage or other labor actions that could materially disrupt our ability to provide services to our customers.
As of December 31, 2016, approximately 20% of our employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements. These employees are hourly workers located in Texas, Pennsylvania, Minnesota and Illinois service territories and are represented by various unions and locals. All of the existing collective bargaining agreements expire between 2017 through 2021, of which two contracts covering 5% of our employees will expire in 2017.

We cannot predict the outcome of negotiations of the collective bargaining agreements covering our employees. If we are unable to reach new agreements or renew existing agreements, employees subject to collective bargaining agreements may engage in strikes, work stoppages or slowdowns, or other labor actions, which could materially disrupt our ability to provide services. New labor agreements, or the renewal of existing agreements, may impose significant new costs on us, which could adversely affect our financial condition and result of operations. While we believe our relations with the unions representing these employees are good, any protracted labor disputes or labor disruptions by any of our employees could have a significant negative effect on our financial results and operations.

We may be unable to obtain necessary hardware, software and operational support from third party vendors.
We depend on third party vendors to supply us with a significant amount of hardware, software and operational support necessary to provide certain of our services and to maintain, upgrade and enhance our network facilities and operations and to support our information and billing systems. Some of our third-party vendors are our primary source of supply for products and services for which there are few substitutes. If any of these vendors should experience financial difficulties, have demand that exceeds their capacity or they cannot otherwise meet our specifications, our ability to provide some services may be materially adversely affected in which case our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

If we cannot obtain and maintain necessary rights-of-way for our network, our operations may be interrupted and we would likely face increased costs.
We are dependent on easements, franchises and licenses from various private parties, such as established telephone companies and other utilities, railroads and long-distance companies, and from state highway authorities, local governments and transit authorities for access to aerial pole space, underground conduits and other rights-of-way in order to construct and operate our networks. Some agreements relating to rights-of-way may be short-term or revocable at will, and we cannot be certain that we will continue to have access to existing rights-of-way after the governing agreements are terminated or expire. If any of our right-of-way agreements were terminated or could not be renewed, we may be forced to remove our network facilities from the affected areas, relocate or abandon our networks, which would interrupt our operations, force us to find alternative rights-of-way and incur unexpected capital expenditures.

Our ability to retain certain key management personnel and attract and retain highly qualified management and other personnel in the future could have an adverse effect on our business.
We rely on the talents and efforts of key management personnel, many of whom have been with our company and in our industry for decades. While we maintain long-term and emergency transition plans for key management personnel and believe we could either identify internal candidates or attract outside candidates to fill any vacancy created by the loss of any key management personnel, the loss of one or more of our key management personnel and the ability to attract and retain highly qualified technical and management personnel in the future could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Future acquisitions could be expensive and may not be successful.
From time to time, we make acquisitions and investments and enter into other strategic transactions. In connection with these types of transactions, we may incur unanticipated expenses; fail to realize anticipated benefits; have difficulty incorporating the acquired businesses; disrupt relationships with current and new employees, customers and vendors; incur significant indebtedness or have to delay or not proceed with announced transactions. The occurrence of any of the foregoing events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Risks Relating to Our Merger with FairPoint

Obtaining required approvals and satisfying closing conditions may delay or prevent completion of the merger and/or result in the incurrence of additional costs.
The merger with FairPoint is currently expected to close by the middle of 2017, assuming that all of the conditions in the Merger Agreement are satisfied or waived. Certain events may delay the completion of the merger or result in a termination of the Merger Agreement. Some of these events are outside of our control. Completion of the merger is conditioned upon our stockholder’s and FairPoint’s stockholders approval. If the stockholders do not approve, the merger will not be consummated. Completion of the merger is also conditioned upon, among other things, the receipt of certain governmental consents and regulatory approvals including approval by the FCC. While Consolidated and FairPoint intend to pursue vigorously all required consents and approvals and do not know of any reason why they would not be able to obtain them in a timely manner, the requirement to obtain these consents and approvals prior to completion of the merger could jeopardize or delay the completion of the merger. Further, these consents and approvals may impose conditions on or require divestitures relating to the divisions, operations or assets of Consolidated or FairPoint. Such conditions or divestitures may further jeopardize or delay completion of the merger or may reduce the anticipated benefits of the merger.

No assurance can be given that the required consents and approvals will be obtained or that the required conditions to closing will be satisfied. Even if all such consents and approvals are obtained, no assurance can be given as to the terms, conditions and timing of the consents and approvals or that they will satisfy the terms of the Merger Agreement. If the merger is not completed by September 30, 2017, or such later date determined in accordance with the Merger Agreement, either FairPoint or Consolidated may terminate the Merger Agreement (provided that the party terminating the Merger Agreement has not materially contributed to the failure to fulfill any condition under the Merger Agreement).

We may incur significant additional costs and expenses in connection with any delay in completing the merger or the termination of the Merger Agreement, including costs under our committed debt financing arrangement to be used to partially fund the merger as well as significant additional transaction costs, including legal, financial advisory, accounting and other costs we have already incurred. In addition, if the merger is not completed, we may be required to pay a termination fee of $18.9 million under certain circumstances as set forth in the Merger Agreement.

Completion of the merger, the failure to complete the merger and delays completing the merger could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Failure to complete the merger would prevent us from realizing the anticipated benefits of the merger. We would also remain liable for significant transaction costs, including legal, accounting and financial advisory fees. Any delay in completing the merger may significantly reduce the synergies and other benefits that we expect to achieve if we successfully complete the merger within the expected timeframe and integrate the businesses. In addition, the market price of our common stock may reflect various market assumptions as to whether and when the merger will be completed. Consequently, the completion of, the failure to complete, or any delay in the completion of the merger could result in a significant adverse change in the market price of our common stock, particularly to the extent that the current market price reflects a market assumption that the merger will be completed.

Whether or not the merger is completed, the pendency of the transaction could cause disruptions in our business, which could have an adverse effect on our business and financial results.
The pendency of the merger could cause disruptions in our business, including, but not limited to, the following:

·

Current and prospective employees may experience uncertainty about their future roles with the combined company or consider other employment alternatives, which might adversely affect FairPoint’s and our ability to retain or attract key managers and other employees;

·

Current and prospective customers of FairPoint or the Company may experience variations in levels of services as the companies prepare for integration or may anticipate change in how they are served and may, as a result, choose to discontinue their service with either company or choose another provider; and

·

The attention of management of each of FairPoint and the Company may be diverted from the operation of the business toward the completion of the merger.

We will incur transaction, integration and restructuring costs in connection with the merger.
We expect to incur significant transaction costs in connection with the merger, including fees of our attorneys, accountants and financial advisors. In addition, we will incur integration and restructuring costs following the completion of the merger as we integrate the businesses of FairPoint with those of the Company. Although we expect that the realization of efficiencies related to the integration of the businesses will offset incremental transaction, integration and restructuring costs over time, we cannot give any assurance that this net benefit will be achieved in the near term.

The integration of the Company and FairPoint following the merger may present significant challenges.
We may face significant challenges in combining FairPoint’s operations into our operations in a timely and efficient manner and in retaining key FairPoint personnel. The failure to successfully integrate the Company and FairPoint and to manage successfully the challenges presented by the integration process may result in our not achieving the anticipated benefits of the merger, including operational and financial synergies.

Risks Relating to Current Economic Conditions

Unfavorable changes in financial markets could adversely affect pension plan investments resulting in material funding requirements to meet our pension obligations.
We expect that we will continue to make future cash contributions to our pension plans, the amount and timing of which will depend on various factors including funding regulations, future investment performance, changes in future discount rates and mortality tables and changes in participant demographics. Unfavorable fluctuations or adverse changes in any of these factors, most of which are outside our control, could impact the funded status of the plans and increase future funding requirements. Returns generated on plan assets have historically funded a large portion of the benefits paid under these plans. If the financial markets experience a downturn and returns fall below the estimated long-term rate of return, our future funding requirements could increase significantly, which could adversely affect our cash flows from operations.

Weak economic conditions may have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Downturns in the economic conditions in the markets and industries we serve could adversely affect demand for our products and services and have a negative impact on our results of operations. Economic weakness or uncertainty may make it difficult for us to obtain new customers and may cause our existing customers to reduce or discontinue their services to which they subscribe. This risk may be worsened by the expanded availability of free or lower cost services, such as video over the Internet, or substitute services, such as wireless phones and data devices. Weak economic conditions may also impact the ability of third parties to satisfy their obligations to us.

Risks Relating to Our Common Stock and Payment of Dividends

Our Board of Directors could, at its discretion, depart from or change our dividend policy at any time.
Our Board of Directors maintains a current dividend practice for the payment of quarterly dividends at an annual rate of approximately $1.55 per share of common stock. We are not required to pay dividends and our stockholders do not have contractual or other legal rights to receive them. Our Board of Directors may decide at any time, in its discretion, to decrease the amount of dividends, change or revoke the dividend policy or discontinue paying dividends entirely. Our ability to pay dividends is dependent on our earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, expected cash needs, debt covenant compliance and other factors considered relevant by our Board of Directors. If we do not pay dividends, for whatever reason, shares of our common stock could become less liquid and the market price of our common stock could decline.

We might not have sufficient cash to maintain current dividend levels.
Our debt agreements, applicable state, legal and corporate law, regulatory requirements and other risk factors described in this section, could materially reduce the cash available from operations or significantly increase our capital expenditure requirements, and these outcomes could cause funds not to be available when needed in an amount sufficient to support our current dividend practice.

If we continue to pay dividends at the level currently anticipated under our dividend policy, our ability to pursue growth opportunities may be limited.
Our dividend practice could limit, but not preclude, our ability to grow. If we continue paying dividends at the level currently anticipated, we may not retain a sufficient amount of cash to fund a material expansion of our business, including any acquisitions or growth opportunities requiring significant and unexpected capital expenditures. For that reason, our ability to pursue any material expansion of our business may depend on our ability to obtain third-party financing. We cannot guarantee that such financing will be available to us on reasonable terms or at all.

Our organizational documents could limit or delay another party’s ability to acquire us and, therefore, could deprive our investors of a possible takeover premium for their shares.
A number of provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws will make it difficult for another company to acquire us. Among other things, these provisions:

·

Divide our Board of Directors into three classes, which results in roughly one-third of our directors being elected each year;

·

Provide that directors may only be removed for cause and then only upon the affirmative vote of holders of two-thirds or more of the voting power of our outstanding common stock;

·

Require the affirmative vote of holders of two-thirds or more of the voting power of our outstanding common stock to amend, alter, change or repeal specified provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws;

·

Require stockholders to provide us with advance notice if they wish to nominate any candidates for election to our Board of Directors or if they intend to propose any matters for consideration at an annual stockholders meeting; and

·

Authorize the issuance of so-called “blank check” preferred stock without stockholder approval upon such terms as the Board of Directors may determine.

We also are subject to laws that may have a similar effect. For example, federal, California, Illinois, Minnesota and Pennsylvania telecommunications laws and regulations generally prohibit a direct or indirect transfer of control over our business without prior regulatory approval. Similarly, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law restricts our ability to engage in a business combination with an “interested stockholder”. These laws and regulations make it difficult

for another company to acquire us, and therefore, could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. In addition, the rights of our common stockholders will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of holders of any class or series of preferred stock that we may issue in the future.

Risks Relating to Our Indebtedness and Our Capital Structure

We have a substantial amount of debt outstanding and may incur additional indebtedness in the future, which could restrict our ability to pay dividends and fund working capital and planned capital expenditures.
As of December 31, 2016, we had $1,388.8 million of debt outstanding. Our substantial level of indebtedness could adversely impact our business, including:

·

We may be required to use a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to make principal and interest payments on our debt, which will reduce funds available for operations, future business opportunities, strategic initiatives and dividends;

·

We may have limited flexibility to react to changes in our business and our industry;

·

It may be more difficult for us to satisfy our other obligations;

·

We may have a limited ability to borrow additional funds or to sell assets to raise funds if needed for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other purposes;

·

We may become more vulnerable to general adverse economic and industry conditions, including changes in interest rates; and

·

We may be at a disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt.

We cannot guarantee that we will generate sufficient revenues to service our debt and have adequate funds left over to achieve or sustain profitability in our operations, meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs, compete successfully in our markets, or pay dividends to our stockholders.

Our credit agreement and the indentures governing our Senior Notes contain covenants that limit management’s discretion in operating our business and could prevent us from capitalizing on opportunities and taking other corporate actions.
Among other things, our credit agreement limits or restricts our ability (and the ability of certain of our subsidiaries), and the separate indentures governing the Senior Notes limit the ability of our subsidiary, Consolidated Communications, Inc., and its restricted subsidiaries to: incur additional debt and issue preferred stock; make restricted payments, including paying dividends on, redeeming, repurchasing or retiring our capital stock; make investments and prepay or redeem debt; enter into agreements restricting our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, make loans or transfer assets to us; create liens; sell or otherwise dispose of assets, including capital stock of, or other ownership interests in subsidiaries; engage in transactions with affiliates; engage in sale and leaseback transactions; engage in a business other than telecommunications; and consolidate or merge.

In addition, our credit agreement requires us to comply with specified financial ratios, including ratios regarding total leverage and interest coverage. Our ability to comply with these ratios may be affected by events beyond our control. These restrictions limit our ability to plan for or react to market conditions, meet capital needs or otherwise constrain our activities or business plans. They also may adversely affect our ability to finance our operations, enter into acquisitions or engage in other business activities that would be in our interest.

A breach of any of the covenants contained in our credit agreement, in any future credit agreement, or in the separate indentures governing the Senior Notes, or our inability to comply with the financial ratios could result in an event of default, which would allow the lenders to declare all borrowings outstanding to be due and payable. If the amounts outstanding under our credit facilities were to be accelerated, we cannot assure that our assets would be sufficient to repay in full the money owed. In such a situation, the lenders could foreclose on the assets and capital stock pledged to them.

We may not be able to refinance our existing debt if necessary, or we may only be able to do so at a higher interest expense.
We may be unable to refinance or renew our credit facilities and our failure to repay all amounts due on the maturity dates would cause a default under the credit agreement. Alternatively, any renewal or refinancing may occur on less favorable terms. If we refinance our credit facilities on terms that are less favorable to us than the terms of our existing debt, our interest expense may increase significantly, which could impact our results of operations and impair our ability to use our funds for other purposes, such as to pay dividends.

Our variable-rate debt subjects us to interest rate risk, which could impact our cost of borrowing and operating results.
Certain of our debt obligations are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. Increases in interest rates could negatively impact our results of operations and operating cash flows. We utilize interest rate swap agreements to convert a portion of our variable-rate debt to a fixed-rate basis. However, we do not maintain interest rate hedging agreements for all of our variable-rate debt and our existing hedging agreements may not fully mitigate our interest rate risk, may prove disadvantageous or may create additional risks. Changes in fair value of cash flow hedges that have been de-designated or determined to be ineffective are recognized in earnings. Significant increases or decreases in the fair value of these cash flow hedges could cause favorable or adverse fluctuations in our results of operations.

Risks Related to the Regulation of Our Business

We are subject to a complex and uncertain regulatory environment, and we face compliance costs and restrictions greater than those of many of our competitors.
Our businesses are subject to regulation by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) and other federal, state and local entities. Rapid changes in technology and market conditions have resulted in changes in how the government addresses telecommunications, video programming and Internet services. Many businesses that compete with our Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier (“ILEC”) and non-ILEC subsidiaries are comparatively less regulated. Some of our competitors are either not subject to utilities regulation or are subject to significantly fewer regulations. In contrast to our subsidiaries regulated as cable operators and satellite video providers, competing on-demand and OTT providers and motion picture and DVD firms have almost no regulation of their video activities. Recently, federal and state authorities have become more active in seeking to address critical issues in each of our product and service markets. The adoption of new laws or regulations, or changes to the existing regulatory framework at the federal or state level, could require significant and costly adjustments that would adversely affect our business plans. New regulations could impose additional costs or capital requirements, require new reporting, impair revenue opportunities, potentially impede our ability to provide services in a manner that would be attractive to our customers and potentially create barriers to enter new markets or to acquire new lines of business. We face continued regulatory uncertainty in the immediate future. Not only are these governmental entities continuing to move forward on these matters, their actions remain subject to reconsideration, appeal and legislative modification over an extended period of time, and it is unclear how their actions will ultimately impact our markets. We cannot predict future developments or changes to the regulatory environment or the impact such developments or changes may have on us.

We receive support from various funds established under federal and state laws, and the continued receipt of that support is not assured.
A significant portion of our revenues come from network access and subsidies. An order adopted by the FCC in 2011 (the “Order”) significantly impacts the amount of support revenue we receive from the Universal Service Fund (“USF”), Connect America Fund (“CAF”) and intercarrier compensation (“ICC”). The Order reformed core parts of the USF, broadly recast the existing ICC scheme, established the CAF to replace support revenues provided by the current USF and redirected support from voice services to broadband services. In 2012, CAF funding was implemented, which froze USF support to price cap carriers until the FCC implemented a broadband cost model to shift support from voice services to broadband services. See Part I – Item 1 – “Regulatory Environment” above for statistics of current CAF funding levels.

We receive subsidy payments from various federal and state universal service support programs, including high-cost support, Lifeline and E-Rate programs for schools and libraries. The total cost of the various federal universal service programs has increased significantly in recent years, putting pressure on regulators to reform the programs and to limit both eligibility and support. We cannot predict when or how such matters will be decided or the effect on the subsidy payments we receive. However, future reductions in the subsidy payments we receive may directly affect our profitability and cash flows.

Increased regulation of the Internet could increase our cost of doing business
. Current laws and regulations governing access to, or commerce on, the Internet are limited. As the Internet continues to become more significant, federal, state and local governments may adopt new rules and regulations applicable to, or apply existing laws and regulations to, the

Internet. At the federal level, the FCC intends to reclassify broadband Internet services as a telecommunications service subject to regulation under Title II of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, and in March 2015, the FCC released its net neutrality order, which applies to all wireline and wireless providers of broadband Internet services. The net neutrality order addresses several areas that will be regulated and others that are subject to forbearance. The regulations disallow blocking, throttling and paid prioritization by Internet service providers. The net neutrality order also requires providers to disclose certain information to consumers regarding rates, fees, data allowances and packet loss. Finally, it gives the FCC codified enforcement authority and it forbears on certain Title II regulations.

We are subject to extensive laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, natural resources and worker health and safety.
Our operations and properties are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, natural resources and worker health and safety, including laws and regulations governing and creating liability in connection with the management, storage and disposal of hazardous materials, asbestos and petroleum products. We are also subject to laws and regulations governing air emissions from our fleet vehicles. As a result, we face several risks, including:

·

Hazardous materials may have been released at properties that we currently own or formerly owned (perhaps through our predecessors). Under certain environmental laws, we could be held liable, without regard to fault, for the costs of investigating and remediating any actual or threatened contamination at these properties and for contamination associated with disposal by us, or by our predecessors, of hazardous materials at third-party disposal sites;

·

We could incur substantial costs in the future if we acquire businesses or properties subject to environmental requirements or affected by environmental contamination. In particular, environmental laws regulating wetlands, endangered species and other land use and natural resources may increase the costs associated with future business or expansion or delay, alter or interfere with such plans;

·

The presence of contamination can adversely affect the value of our properties and make it difficult to sell any affected property or to use it as collateral; and

·

We could be held responsible for third-party property damage claims, personal injury claims or natural resource damage claims relating to contamination found at any of our current or past properties.

The cost of complying with environmental requirements could be significant. Similarly, the adoption of new environmental laws or regulations, or changes in existing laws or regulations or their interpretations, could result in significant compliance costs or unanticipated environmental liabilities.

Our business may be impacted by new or changing tax laws or regulations and actions by federal, state, and/or local agencies, or by how judicial authorities apply tax laws
. Our operations are subject to various federal, state and local tax laws and regulations. In connection with the products and services we sell, we calculate, collect, and remit various federal, state, and local taxes, surcharges and regulatory fees (“tax” or “taxes”) to numerous federal, state and local governmental authorities. Tax laws are dynamic and subject to change as new laws are passed and new interpretations of the law are issued or applied. In many cases, the application of tax laws are uncertain and subject to differing interpretations, especially when evaluated against new technologies and telecommunications services, such as broadband Internet access and cloud related services. We cannot predict future changes to tax laws and regulations or the impact such changes may have on our business.

Item 1B. Unresolved
Staff Comments.

None.

Item 2. Properties.

Our corporate headquarters are located at 121 S. 17
th
Street, Mattoon, Illinois, a leased facility. We also own and lease office facilities and related equipment for administrative personnel, central office buildings and operations in California, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Pennsylvania and Texas.

In addition to land and structures, our property consists of equipment necessary for the provision of communication services, including central office equipment, customer premises equipment and connections, pole lines, video head-end, remote terminals, aerial and underground cable and wire facilities, vehicles, furniture and fixtures, computers and other equipment. We also own certain other communications equipment held as inventory for sale or lease.

In addition to plant and equipment that we wholly-own, we utilize poles, towers and cable and conduit systems jointly-owned with other entities and lease space on facilities to other entities. These arrangements are in accordance with written agreements customary in the industry.

We have appropriate easements, rights-of-way and other arrangements for the accommodation of our pole lines, underground conduits, aerial and underground cables and wires. See Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements and Part II – Item 7 – “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for information regarding our lease obligations.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time we may be involved in litigation that we believe is of the type common to companies in our industry, including regulatory issues. While the outcome of these claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that the outcome of any of these legal matters will have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. See Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements included in this report in Part II – Item 8 – “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for a discussion of recent developments related to these legal proceedings.

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “CNSL”. As of February 23, 2017, there were approximately 4,679 stockholders of record of the Company’s common stock. The following table indicates the high and low stock closing prices of the Company’s common stock as reported on the NASDAQ for each of the quarters ending on the dates indicated:

2016

2015

Period

High

Low

High

Low

First quarter

$

25.76

$

18.48

$

27.86

$

20.40

Second quarter

$

27.24

$

23.53

$

21.89

$

19.72

Third quarter

$

28.38

$

23.41

$

21.07

$

18.89

Fourth quarter

$

29.68

$

22.28

$

22.62

$

18.79

Dividend Policy and Restrictions

Our Board of Directors declared dividends of approximately $0.38738 per share in each of the periods listed above. We expect to continue to pay quarterly dividends at an annual rate of approximately $1.55 per share during 2017. Future dividend payments are at the discretion of our Board of Directors. Changes in our dividend program will depend on our earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, debt covenant compliance, expected cash needs and other factors considered relevant by our Board of Directors. Dividends on our common stock are not cumulative.

See Part II - Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources” for discussion regarding restrictions on the payment of dividends. See Part I – Item 1A – “Risk Factors” of this report, which sets forth several factors that could prevent stockholders from receiving dividends in the future. Additional information concerning dividends may be found in “Selected Financial Data” in Part II – Item 6, which is incorporated herein by reference.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2016, we repurchased 42,627 common shares surrendered by employees in the administration of employee share-based compensation plans. The following table summarizes the share repurchase activity:

Total number of

Maximum number

shares purchased

of shares that may

as part of publicly

yet be purchased

Total number of

Average price

announced plans

under the plans

Purchase period

shares purchased

paid per share

or programs

or programs

October 1-October 31, 2016

—

n/a

n/a

n/a

November 1-November 30, 2016

—

n/a

n/a

n/a

December 1-December 31, 2016

42,627

$

27.21

n/a

n/a

Performance Graph

The following graph shows a five-year comparison of cumulative total shareholder return of our common stock (assuming reinvestment of dividends) with the S&P 500 index, the Dow Jones US Fixed-Line Telecommunications Subsector index and a customized peer group of four companies that includes, in addition to us: Alaska Communications Systems Group, Inc., Otelco, Inc. and Shenandoah Telecommunications Company. The comparison of total return on investment (change in year-end stock price plus reinvested dividends) for each of the periods assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2011 in each index and in the peer group. The stock performance shown on the graphs below is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.

The selected financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with Part II - Item 7 – “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, and other financial data included elsewhere in this annual report. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in future periods.

Year Ended December 31,

(In millions, except per share amounts)

2016

2015

2014 (1)

2013

2012 (2)

Operating revenues

$

743.2

$

775.7

$

635.7

$

601.6

$

477.9

Cost of products and services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

322.8

328.4

242.7

222.5

175.9

Selling, general and administrative expense

157.1

178.2

140.6

135.4

108.2

Acquisition and other transaction costs
(3)

1.2

1.4

11.8

0.8

20.8

Intangible asset impairment

0.6

—

—

—

1.2

Depreciation and amortization

174.0

179.9

149.4

139.3

120.3

Income from operations

87.5

87.8

91.2

103.6

51.5

Interest expense, net

(76.8)

(79.6)

(82.5)

(85.8)

(72.6)

Loss on extinguishment of debt

(6.6)

(41.2)

(13.8)

(7.7)

(4.5)

Other income, net

34.1

35.1

33.5

37.3

31.2

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

38.2

2.1

28.4

47.4

5.6

Income tax expense

23.0

2.8

13.0

17.5

0.7

Income (loss) from continuing operations

15.2

(0.7)

15.4

29.9

4.9

Discontinued operations, net of tax
(4)

—

—

—

1.2

1.2

Net income (loss)

15.2

(0.7)

15.4

31.1

6.1

Net income of noncontrolling interest

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.5

Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders

$

14.9

$

(0.9)

$

15.1

$

30.8

$

5.6

Income (loss) per common share - basic and diluted:

Income (loss) from continuing operations

$

0.29

$

(0.02)

$

0.35

$

0.73

$

0.12

Discontinued operations, net of tax

—

—

—

0.03

0.03

Net income (loss) per common share - basic and diluted

$

0.29

$

(0.02)

$

0.35

$

0.76

$

0.15

Weighted-average number of shares - basic and diluted

50,301

50,176

41,998

39,764

34,652

Cash dividends per common share

$

1.55

$

1.55

$

1.55

$

1.55

$

1.55

Consolidated cash flow data from continuing operations:

Cash flows from operating activities

$

218.2

$

219.2

$

187.8

$

168.5

$

119.7

Cash flows used for investing activities

(108.3)

(119.5)

(246.9)

(107.4)

(468.5)

Cash flows (used for) provided by financing activities

(98.7)

(90.4)

60.2

(71.6)

257.5

Capital expenditures

125.2

133.9

109.0

107.4

77.0

Consolidated Balance Sheet:

Cash and cash equivalents

$

27.1

$

15.9

$

6.7

$

5.6

$

17.9

Total current assets

133.2

126.4

134.1

87.7

109.3

Net property, plant and equipment

1,055.2

1,093.3

1,137.5

885.4

907.7

Total assets

2,092.8

2,138.5

2,211.8

1,733.8

1,780.7

Total debt (including current portion)

1,391.7

1,388.8

1,351.2

1,208.3

1,205.0

Stockholders’ equity

176.3

250.7

330.8

152.3

136.1

Other financial data (unaudited):

Adjusted EBITDA
(5)

$

305.8

$

328.9

$

288.4

$

286.5

$

231.8

(1)

On October 16, 2014, we completed our acquisition of Enventis Corporation (“Enventis”) in which we acquired all the issued and outstanding shares of Enventis in exchange for shares of our common stock. The financial results for Enventis have been included in our consolidated financial statements as of the acquisition date.

(2)

In July 2012, we acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of SureWest Communications (“SureWest”) in a cash and stock transaction. SureWest results of operations have been included in our consolidated financial statements as of the acquisition date of July 2, 2012.

Acquisition and other transaction costs includes costs incurred related to acquisitions, including severance costs.

(4)

In September 2013, we completed the sale of the assets and contractual rights of our prison services business for a total cash price of $2.5 million, resulting in a gain of $1.3 million, net of tax. The financial results and net gain from the sale of the prison services business are included in income from discontinued operations for the years ended on or before December 31, 2013.

(5)

In addition to the results reported in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP” or “GAAP”), we also use certain non-GAAP measures such as EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA to evaluate operating performance and to facilitate the comparison of our historical results and trends. These financial measures are not a measure of financial performance under US GAAP and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income (loss) as a measure of performance and net cash provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity. They are not, on their own, necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash needs as determined in accordance with GAAP. The calculation of these non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP are provided below.

EBITDA is defined as net earnings before interest expense, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is comprised of EBITDA, adjusted for certain items as permitted or required under our credit facility as described in the reconciliations below. These measures are a common measure of operating performance in the telecommunications industry and are useful, with other data, as a means to evaluate our ability to fund our estimated uses of cash.

The following tables are a reconciliation of net income (loss) from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA: