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OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4

Health Effects

The OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals is a collection of about 150 of the most relevant internationally agreed testing methods used by government, industry and independent laboratories to identify and characterise potential hazards of chemicals. They are a set of tools for professionals, used primarily in regulatory safety testing and subsequent chemical and chemical product notification, chemical registration and in chemical evaluation. They can also be used for the selection and ranking of candidate chemicals during the development of new chemicals and products and in toxicology research. This group of tests covers health effects.

This Test Guideline has been designed to obtain the information necessary to confirm or to further characterise the potential neurotoxicity of chemicals in adult animals. This Test Guideline is designed for use with the rat. It specifically ...

The bacterial reverse mutation test uses amino-acid requiring at least five strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli to detect point mutations by base substitutions or frameshifts. The principle of this bacterial reverse mutation test ...

The purpose of the unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) test with mammalian liver cells in vivo is to identify substances that induce DNA repair after excision and removal of a stretch of DNA containing a region of damage induced by chemical substances ...

The test substance is administered orally in a single dose to domestic hens. The animals are observed for 21 days, then the remainder of the hens are killed and histopathological examination is undertaken. The young adult domestic laying hen (Gallus ...

This Test Guideline is used in the assessment and evaluation of the toxic effects of organophosporus substances. Daily doses of the test substance are administered orally (preferably by gavage or administration of gelatin capsules) to domestic ...

The OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals are a collection of about 100 of the most relevant internationally agreed testing methods used by government, industry and independent laboratories to identify and characterise potential hazards of ...

The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay is a short-term test for the detection of reciprocal exchanges of DNA between two sister chromatids of a duplicating chromosome. Detection of SCEs requires some means of differentially labeling sister ...

This assay may be used to measure gene mutation in yeast, a eukaryotic micro-organism. Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been developed which detect forward or reverse mutations. A variety of haploid and diploid strains of the yeast can be ...

This assay may be used to measure mitotic recombination (gene conversion or crossingover) in yeast, a eukaryotic micro-organism. Crossing-over is generally assayed by the production of recessive homozygous colonies or sectors produced in a ...

The mouse spot test detects presumed somatic mutations in fetal cells following transplacental absorption of the test substance. This is an in vivo test in mice in which developing embryos are exposed to a chemical (solid, liquid, vapour or ...

The mouse heritable translocation test detects structural and numerical chromosome changes in mammalian germ cells as recovered in first generation progeny. The types of chromosome changes detected in this test system are reciprocal translocations ...

Mutations in the X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster are phenotypically expressed in males carrying the mutant gene. When the mutation is lethal in the hemizygous condition, its presence is inferred from the absence of one class of male ...

This Test Guideline for reproduction testing is designed to provide general information concerning the effects of a test substance (Solid, liquid, gas or vapour) on male and female reproductive performance. The test substance is administered orally ...

This study relates to the analysis, via dermal application, of the health hazard of solid or liquid test substance. This method is composed of two tests: the main test and the limit test. This Test Guideline is intended for use with the adult rat ...

This study relates to the analysis, via dermal application, of the health hazards of solid or liquid test substance. It may be carried out after initial information obtained by acute testing. This method is composed of the main test and the limit ...

This Test Guideline has been designed to obtain the information necessary to confirm or to further characterise the potential neurotoxicity of chemicals in adult animals. This Test Guideline is designed for use with the rat. It specifically ...

The bacterial reverse mutation test uses amino-acid requiring at least five strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli to detect point mutations by base substitutions or frameshifts. The principle of this bacterial reverse mutation test ...

The purpose of the unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) test with mammalian liver cells in vivo is to identify substances that induce DNA repair after excision and removal of a stretch of DNA containing a region of damage induced by chemical substances ...

The test substance is administered orally in a single dose to domestic hens. The animals are observed for 21 days, then the remainder of the hens are killed and histopathological examination is undertaken. The young adult domestic laying hen (Gallus ...

This Test Guideline is used in the assessment and evaluation of the toxic effects of organophosporus substances. Daily doses of the test substance are administered orally (preferably by gavage or administration of gelatin capsules) to domestic ...

The OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals are a collection of about 100 of the most relevant internationally agreed testing methods used by government, industry and independent laboratories to identify and characterise potential hazards of ...

The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay is a short-term test for the detection of reciprocal exchanges of DNA between two sister chromatids of a duplicating chromosome. Detection of SCEs requires some means of differentially labeling sister ...

This assay may be used to measure gene mutation in yeast, a eukaryotic micro-organism. Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been developed which detect forward or reverse mutations. A variety of haploid and diploid strains of the yeast can be ...

This assay may be used to measure mitotic recombination (gene conversion or crossingover) in yeast, a eukaryotic micro-organism. Crossing-over is generally assayed by the production of recessive homozygous colonies or sectors produced in a ...

The mouse spot test detects presumed somatic mutations in fetal cells following transplacental absorption of the test substance. This is an in vivo test in mice in which developing embryos are exposed to a chemical (solid, liquid, vapour or ...

The mouse heritable translocation test detects structural and numerical chromosome changes in mammalian germ cells as recovered in first generation progeny. The types of chromosome changes detected in this test system are reciprocal translocations ...

Mutations in the X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster are phenotypically expressed in males carrying the mutant gene. When the mutation is lethal in the hemizygous condition, its presence is inferred from the absence of one class of male ...

This Test Guideline for reproduction testing is designed to provide general information concerning the effects of a test substance (Solid, liquid, gas or vapour) on male and female reproductive performance. The test substance is administered orally ...

This study relates to the analysis, via dermal application, of the health hazard of solid or liquid test substance. This method is composed of two tests: the main test and the limit test. This Test Guideline is intended for use with the adult rat ...

This study relates to the analysis, via dermal application, of the health hazards of solid or liquid test substance. It may be carried out after initial information obtained by acute testing. This method is composed of the main test and the limit ...