Sports Injuries- extrinsic / intrinsic risk factors

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Transcript of Sports Injuries- extrinsic / intrinsic risk factors

Unit 18 -Sports Injuries :Extrinsic & Intrinsic risk factorsUnit 18 - Sports injuriesTask 1 Extrinsic/Intrinsic factors in injury"Damage or harm done to or suffered by a person"Extrinsic risk factors - a risk or force from outside the bodyAn extrinsic risk factor - can cause harm or damage to yourself although it is out of your controlIntrinsic risk factorsIntrinsic risk factors- can cause an injury through something that you have control overPreventative measuresAlthough the chances of injury in sport can never be fully eradicated, preventative measures and procedures are put in place to try to minimise the risk and therefore the effect on sports performersEquipmentOther participantsPoor Coaching and instructionEnvironment"Wound , damage or trauma to the body"Taking part in sport can result in injury to any part of the body. These injuries can be caused by a variety of factors that can be grouped into two categories- extrinsic or intrinsic.Clothing, footwear and PPE (personal,protective equipment)EquipmentInappropriate coaching and instructionOther sports playersClothing and footwearThe environmentEquipment needed to play a sport correctly should always be used or this can increase the chances of injury to either the player themselves or another playerMost sports have rules in place to offer guidance regarding what can and can't be used to aid participation within that sportEquipment should be constantly checked and maintained to high standards to help minimise the risk of it potentially causing injurySome sports are more susceptible to incurring injuries as the rules of the sport allow for physical contactContact sports Injuries often occur through tackles/challenges being made or by being tackled/challenged by another playerNon contact sports

Injuries can occur through foul tackles or accidental collisionsThe environment in which we perform can have a big impact on the likelihood of sustaining an injuryThe environment includes the area in which the sport is played eg, the surface, lighting, temperature etcThe weather can have a huge impact on sports played outdoors, mainly due to its effect on the temperature, visibility and the playing surfaceCertain sports require participants to wear items of protective clothing and equipmentFootwear must be suitable to the surface that is is played on but yet can also make the wearer more susceptible to injurySome clothing and PPE is stipulated by the rules of the sport but some are an optional choiceThe technique of a skill is usually dictated by a coach/trainer/instructor. If it is taught wrong or not corrected by a coach then a performer could adopt bad habits that could lead to injury A coach must abide by the rules and regulations of the sport at all times and be able to communicate effectively in order to protect their players from harmIt is vital that all instruction is given by someone who has an up to date knowledge of the sportPoor preparationInappropriate warm upOveruse and previous injuriesInadequate fitness levelsPoor techniqueOveruse and previous injuriesPoor techniqueInadequate fitness levelsPoor preparationInappropriate warm upHow would the weather and the temperature affect a warm up?Overuse injuries occur when an athlete doesn't get the required amount of rest Every time we exercise we put our body under stress which means the body has to repair itself afterwardsAthletes could become susceptible to a certain injury if they have experienced damage to a damaged area repeatedly- this includes returning too early from injury.Athletes must prepare in order to perform at optimal level (warm up) but if they don't, this can lead to injury as well as poor performance levels.Long term preparation is needed in training for many activities eg marathon.Nutrition, alcohol consumption, sleep and the environment can have a huge impact on an athletes preparationThe absence of a warm up or an inadequate warm up is a very common cause of sports injuries. The warm up takes the body from a non active state to one ready for exercise and how long it takes varies from person to personPulse raisers get blood flowing round the body and to the muscles, making them more pliableMobilisers take the joints through ranges of motion and help lubricate the joint and stretch the muscles supporting the jointThe main muscles to be used should be fully stretchedIf an athlete is not using the correct technique and methods for exercising, they are more likely to sustain a sports injuryThis is sometimes due to the performer choosing to use the wrong technique even when they know how to perform the skill correctlyThis can also be down to tiredness and lack of fitnessAthletes must be fit enough to be able to perform the skills needed to compete in their sportWhen athletes become tired, performance levels can drop and injuries are more likely to occur due to this. Athletes may adopt poor technique as they become physically and psychologically fatigued, and make the wrong decisions when it comes to riskThe role of the coach/instructor/leaderThe role of the officialsThe role of the performer