issues associated with the production of secondarylead are also related to the off ... problem associated with the production of lead from primary sources was the emission ... Total Leadrefining capacity t/a Austria UK Belgium France Sweden Spain Netherlands Italy Germany Greece

capacity * t/a Secondary rotary furnaces annual capacity t/a Total leadrefining ... consuming market. 1.5.2.4 Production sites Within the EU there are 7 primary smelters/refiners whose production capacity ranges in size from 40000 tonnes per year to 245000 ...lead or lead/zinc concentrates before refininglead bullion and also refine crude

with a total rated thermal input of 50 MW or more Refining of mineral oil and gas Production ... L 334/51 EN L 334/52 Official Journal of the European Union EN Mineral industry Production of cement, lime and magnesium oxide: (a) production of cement clinker in rotary kilns with a production capacity exceeding 500 tonnes per day or in other ... given below generally refer to production capacities or outputs. Where several

The production and refining of secondary aluminium is much less energy demanding and consumes ... during the production of alumina. Similarly for the production of secondary aluminium ... Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden UK Iceland Norway Switzerland Europe Total Table 1.3: European aluminium production in 1997

Nickel is produced in Europe at the following sites. The actual production ... with the production of secondary nickel are also related to the off gases from the various ... has been effectively solved by the EU smelters who now achieve on average 98

bullion that is then refined. The economics of primary lead ore production is linked ... are in decline. 1.5.2.2 Sources of materials Refinedlead is derived from primary material in the form of lead ores and concentrates, and secondary material in the form of scrap ... Commercial use Batteries Chemicals Semi-finished products. and casting Cables Alloys Others Table 1.11: Uses of lead Worldwide

The production and refining of secondary aluminium is much less energy demanding and consumes ... during the production of alumina. Similarly for the production of secondary aluminium ... are the production of poly fluorinated hydrocarbons and fluorides during electrolysis

or hydrometallurgical processes. Some concentrates contain high proportions of lead and these metals ... of this metal. EU concentrates used to meet more than 45% of the EU refinery requirements ... in by increased imports, as mine production capacity is currently increasing in North America

are being set. The refining of gold, silver and the platinum group metals in the EU ... companies or at base metal refineries. Total precious metal refining capacity of the EU ...Europe has a number of companies who specialise in the collection, pre

beverage cans to the same alloy specification. Much attention is paid by the secondary ... the particular alloy. Chapter 1 1.5 Zinc, Lead and Cadmium 1.5.1 Zinc 1.5.1.1 General Zinc ... and is used in the production of a number of alloys such as brass. It can easily applied