Edited by Michael Goggin .

318 pages . Open Access .

This book presents a modern understanding of the underlying physiology of primary astigmatism and the pathology of astigmatism associated with disease and trauma. It explores many therapeutic approaches to amelioration of the effects of astigmatism in its many forms by surgical and optical means. It has been my pleasure to assist in the presentation of the evidence behind our present management of this significant refractive error, the treatment of which is seldom simple. The authors and I hope that the reader will find its content accessible and useful both in daily practice and in arriving at a deeper understanding of the condition.