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Abstract:

Provided is a driving model creating apparatus that can create a more
desirable driving model for practical use, even when creating the driving
model on the basis of driving track records, and a driving support
apparatus that can execute a more appropriate driving support based on
the driving model. The driving model creating apparatus creates a driving
model for indicating the driving state of a vehicle (10). The driving
model creating apparatus creates the driving model on the basis of road
information that is information related to the driving environment of the
vehicle (10), and driving information that is information related to the
driving state of the vehicle, which will change as a result of a driver's
driving operation. The driving model creating apparatus also makes the
contribution ratio of the driving information with respect to the driving
model to be created, to be variable in accordance with the road
information.

Claims:

1. A driving model creating apparatus for creating a driving model
indicating a driving state of a vehicle, wherein the apparatus creates
the driving model on the basis of road information, which is information
relating to the driving environment of the vehicle, and driving
information, which is information relating to changes in the driving
state of the vehicle as a result of a driving operation of a driver, and
wherein a model contribution rate of the driving information, which is a
contribution rate of the driving information to the driving model to be
created, is made variable in accordance with the road information.

2. The driving model creating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the
model contribution rate of the driving information when information
relating to a road marking on a road surface is not included in the road
information is configured to be smaller than the model contribution rate
of the driving information when the information relating to the road
marking is included in the road information.

3. The driving model creating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the
model contribution rate of the driving information is configured to be
reduced when the road information indicates a driving environment in
which freedom in a steering operation by the driver is small and the
difference between the driving model selected as corresponding to the
driving environment and the driving information is small.

4. The driving model creating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the
road information is information relating to an intersection.

5. A driving support apparatus for supporting a driving operation of a
driver of a vehicle on the basis of a driving model indicating a driving
state of the vehicle, wherein the apparatus uses, as the driving model, a
model created by the model creating apparatus according to claim 1.

6. A driving support apparatus for supporting a driving operation of a
driver of a vehicle on the basis of a driving model indicating a driving
state of the vehicle, wherein the driving model is created on the basis
of changes in the vehicle driving state as a result of the driving
operation of the driver, and a support contribution rate of the driving
model, which is a contribution rate of the driving model to the driving
support, is made variable on the basis of road information, which is
information indicating the vehicle driving environment.

7. The driving support apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the
support contribution rate of the driving model when information relating
to a road marking on a road surface is not included in the road
information is configured to be smaller than the support contribution
rate of the driving model when the information relating to the road
marking is included in the road information.

8. The driving support apparatus according to claim 6, wherein when the
information relating to the road marking on the road surface is not
included in the road information, the driving support is configured to be
provided on the basis of a standard driving model prepared in advance.

9. The driving support apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the
support contribution rate of the driving model when the road information
indicates a driving environment in which freedom of a steering operation
by a driver is small is configured to be smaller than that when the
support contribution rate of the driving model indicates a driving
environment in which the freedom of the steering operation is large.

10. The driving support apparatus according to claim 6, wherein when the
road information indicates a driving environment in which the freedom of
the steering operation by the driver is small, the driving support is
provided on the basis of a standard driving model prepared in advance.

11. The driving support apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the road
information is information relating to an intersection.

Description:

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0001] The present invention relates to a driving model creating apparatus
for creating a vehicle driving model suitable for use in driving support
for supporting a driving operation of a vehicle by a driver and to a
driving support apparatus which performs driving support on the basis of
a driving model.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0002] A driving support apparatus has been known, which supports a
driving operation of a vehicle by a driver by indicating information such
as a driving environment of a vehicle and road situation, for example, to
the driver of the vehicle. As one of such driving support performed by
this type of driving support apparatuses, driving support for indicating
information or a warning relating to a curve in front, for example, is
known.

[0003] If such driving support for indicating information or a warning
relating to a curve is not provided appropriately in accordance with an
ever-changing driving environment, the support might even become a
nuisance to the driver. Thus, various technologies for appropriately
providing such driving support have been proposed. In a driving support
apparatus in Patent Document 1, for example, a vehicle state when passing
through a curve in front of a vehicle is estimated on the basis of a
current position of the vehicle, information of the curve in front of the
vehicle, and a current vehicle state. Also, a vehicle state when the
vehicle passed a curve at the maximum acceleration, for example, in the
stored past vehicle states when passing through a curve is used as an
allowable vehicle state (driving model) for when the driver passes
through the curve. Then, by determining whether or not the driving
support is to be performed in the curve in front on the basis of the
estimated vehicle state when passing through a curve in front of the
vehicle and the allowable vehicle state (driving model) when the driver
passes the curve, the driving support is appropriately provided to the
driver.

PRIOR ART DOCUMENT

Patent Document

[0004] Patent Document 1

[0005] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication
No. 2008-74231

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Problems that the Invention is to Solve

[0006] The determination in Patent Document 1 on whether or not the
driving support apparatus is to perform the driving support in the front
curve is made on the basis of the allowable vehicle state (driving model)
when the driver passed through a curve in the past. Thus, suitability of
the selected allowable vehicle state (driving model) when the driver
passes through the curve may influence the determination result. That is,
if a vehicle state on the basis of a peculiar driving state, for example,
is included in the vehicle states of the past curve passages and if the
peculiar driving state is selected as the allowable vehicle state
(driving model) of the driver's curve passage, it is likely that the
determination is not made appropriately. As described above, there still
remains room for improvement in practice for driving support performed in
accordance with a complicated driving environment.

[0007] Accordingly, it is an objective of the present invention to provide
a driving model creating apparatus capable of creating a desirable
driving model in practical use even if a driving model is created on the
basis of driving history, and a driving support apparatus capable of
performing more appropriate driving support on the basis of the driving
model.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0008] To achieve the foregoing objective, the present invention provides
a driving model creating apparatus for creating a driving model
indicating a driving state of a vehicle. The apparatus creates the
driving model on the basis of road information, which is information
relating to the driving environment of the vehicle, and driving
information, which is information relating to changes in the driving
state of the vehicle as a result of a driving operation of a driver. A
model contribution rate of the driving information, which is a
contribution rate of the driving information to the driving model to be
created, is made variable in accordance with the road information.

[0009] According to the above-described configuration, a driving model is
created on the basis of the road information and driving information for
which a model contribution rate is made variable in accordance with this
road information. As a result, in a driving environment determined to be
not suitable for creation of a driving model since a driving operation by
a driver is largely fluctuated, for example, it becomes possible not to
reflect driving information in the driving model to be created or to
reduce the degree of influence of the driving information by lowering the
contribution rate of the driving information in the driving model even if
it is reflected. That is, the driving model can be created as a more
appropriate model according to the driving environment of the vehicle.
Moreover, by using the driving model created as above for driving
support, more preferable driving support is performed.

[0010] The driving model creating apparatus may be configured such that
the model contribution rate of the driving information when information
relating to a road marking on a road surface is not included in the road
information is configured to be smaller than the model contribution rate
of the driving information when the information relating to the road
marking is included in the road information.

[0011] If there is a road marking on the road surface, a driver usually
performs a driving operation of a vehicle by referring to the road
marking. Thus, the driving state of the vehicle tends to become stable,
and the driving information as information relating to the driving state
reflects the stable driving state. In contrast, if there is no road
marking on the road surface, the driver performs the driving operation of
the vehicle mainly on the basis of his/her own senses. Thus, the driving
state of the vehicle tends to be unstable, and the driving information as
information relating to the driving state reflects the unstable driving
state.

[0012] In this regard, according to the above-described configuration, if
there is no road marking on the road surface, the driving model is
created such that the contribution rate, that is, the influence of the
driving information on the driving model becomes small. As a result,
accuracy and reliability of the driving model to be created is also
improved. By using such driving model with high reliability for driving
support, more preferable driving support can be performed.

[0013] The driving model creating apparatus may be configured such that
the model contribution rate of the driving information is configured to
be reduced when the road information indicates a driving environment in
which freedom in a steering operation by the driver is small and the
difference between the driving model selected as corresponding to the
driving environment and the driving information is small.

[0014] If freedom in a steering operation is small such as when a road
width is small, for example, the driver usually performs the driving
operation of the vehicle within a limited steering operation range and
thus, the driving operation of the vehicle tends to be stable. That is,
the difference in the driving information as information relating to the
driving state generated between the driving operations is small.

[0015] Thus, as according to this configuration, if the freedom in the
steering operation is small and if the difference between the driving
model selected as the one corresponding to the driving environment and
the driving information is small, the driving model is created by making
the model contribution rate by the driving information small. As a
result, the driving model in which accuracy and the like are already
maintained is not affected by the driving information more than
necessary. Therefore, accuracy and reliability of the driving model to be
created is maintained. By using such highly reliable driving model for
driving support, suitable driving support can be performed.

[0016] Particularly, if the model contribution rate of the driving
information is set to 0 (zero), the driving information is not allowed to
contribute to creation of the driving model. Thus, calculation process
for the creation of the driving model is reduced. Moreover, if the
driving model on the basis of the driving information is not actually
created, a storage region for storing the created driving model can be
reduced or the like.

[0017] The road information may be information relating to an
intersection.

[0018] According to the above-described configuration, a highly practical
driving model is suitably created for an intersection where there is a
high possibility among various road environments that stability or
uncertainty of the driving state of the vehicle is largely fluctuated by
the driving operation of the driver. For example, by making the model
contribution rate of the driving information small when the information
relating to the road marking on the road surface is not included in the
road information, the driving model created for this intersection is
given high accuracy and high reliability. Moreover, by setting the model
contribution rate of the driving information variable when it is
indicated that the freedom in steering operation by the driver is small,
the accuracy and reliability of the driving model for the intersection
are maintained, and calculation for creation of the driving model and the
like can be reduced.

[0019] By using the driving model created as above for an intersection,
driving support suitable for the driving environment of each intersection
can be performed.

[0020] To achieve the foregoing objective, the present invention also
provides a driving support apparatus for supporting a driving operation
of a driver of a vehicle on the basis of a driving model indicating a
driving state of the vehicle. The apparatus uses, as the driving model, a
model created by the above described model creating apparatus.

[0021] According to the above-described configuration, driving support
using the suitably created driving model is performed. As a result, the
suitable driving support can be performed.

[0022] To achieve the foregoing objective, the present invention provides
a driving support apparatus for supporting a driving operation of a
driver of a vehicle on the basis of a driving model indicating a driving
state of the vehicle. The driving model is created on the basis of
changes in the vehicle driving state as a result of the driving operation
of the driver. A support contribution rate of the driving model, which is
a contribution rate of the driving model to the driving support, is made
variable on the basis of road information, which is information
indicating the vehicle driving environment.

[0023] According to the above-described configuration, since the support
contribution rate of the driving model depending on the driving operation
of the driver is made variable on the basis of the road information,
which is information indicating a driving environment of the vehicle, the
form of the driving support is changed in accordance with the road
information, that is, the driving environment of the vehicle. Thus, in
the driving environment in which a burden of the driver tends to be large
since there is no stop line or intersection mark, that is, in the driving
environment greatly requiring driving support, the support contribution
rate of the driving model can be made larger and in the driving
environment requiring little driving support, the support contribution
rate of the driving model can be made smaller. As a result, the degree of
influence of the driving model in the driving support can be changed in
accordance with the driving environment of the vehicle, and even if the
driving support is performed on the basis of the driving model, the
freedom thereof can be improved.

[0024] The driving support apparatus may be configured such that the
support contribution rate of the driving model when information relating
to a road marking on a road surface is not included in the road
information is configured to be smaller than the support contribution
rate of the driving model when the information relating to the road
marking is included in the road information.

[0025] If there is a road marking on the road surface, the driver usually
performs a driving operation of the vehicle by referring to the road
marking. Thus, the driving state of the vehicle tends to be stable, and
the driving model indicating the driving state of the vehicle also
reflects the stable driving state since it is created on the basis of the
driving operation of the driver. In contrast, if there is no road marking
on the road surface, the driver performs the driving operation of the
vehicle on the basis of his/her own senses. Thus, the driving state of
the vehicle tends to be unstable, and the driving model indicating the
driving state of the vehicle also reflects the unstable driving state
since it is created on the basis of the driving operation of the driver.

[0026] In this regard, according to the above-described configuration, if
there is no road marking on the road surface, the support contribution
rate of the driving model is reduced, that is, the driving support is
performed such that the influence is reduced. As a result, stability of
the driving support is improved, and further suitable driving support can
be performed.

[0027] The driving support apparatus may be configured such that, when the
information relating to the road marking on the road surface is not
included in the road information, the driving support is configured to be
provided on the basis of a standard driving model prepared in advance.

[0028] As according to this configuration, if there is no road marking on
the road surface, the driving support in which predetermined stability is
maintained is performed by performing the driving support on the basis of
the standard driving model prepared in advance. As a result, stability of
driving support is suitably maintained.

[0029] The driving support apparatus may be configured such that the
support contribution rate of the driving model when the road information
indicates a driving environment in which freedom of a steering operation
by a driver is small is configured to be smaller than that when the
support contribution rate of the driving model indicates a driving
environment in which the freedom of the steering operation is large.

[0030] If freedom in a steering operation is small such as when the road
width is small, for example, the driver usually performs the driving
operation of the vehicle within a limited steering operation range. Thus,
the driving operation of the vehicle tends to be stable, and the
difference generated in the driving state of the vehicle is small between
the driving operations. In contrast, if freedom of the steering operation
is large such as when the road width is large, for example, the driver
performs the driving operation of the vehicle freely within a wide
steering operation range. Thus, the driving state of the vehicle tends to
be unstable, and it is highly likely that a large difference is generated
in the driving state of the vehicle between the driving operations.

[0031] Thus, as according to this configuration, if the freedom of the
steering operation is small, the driving support is performed so that the
support contribution rate of the driving model at that time, that is, the
influence of the driving model is reduced. As a result, if the driving
operation of the vehicle by the driver becomes stable since the freedom
in the steering operation is small, the driving support is performed in
the form such that the support is not felt as a nuisance to the driving
operation of the driver. That is, suitable driving support is performed
for the driver.

[0032] The driving support apparatus may be configured such that, when the
road information indicates a driving environment in which the freedom of
the steering operation by the driver is small, the driving support is
provided on the basis of a standard driving model prepared in advance.

[0033] As according to this configuration, if the freedom of the steering
operation is small, that is, if a difference generated in the driving
state is small between the driving operations, stable driving support
without characteristics unique to the driver is provided by performing
the driving support on the basis of the standard driving model prepared
in advance.

[0034] The road information may be information relating to an
intersection.

[0035] According to the above-described configuration, in various types of
road information, the driving support on the basis of the driving model
depending on the driving operation of the driver can be suitably provided
even for an intersection where there is a high possibility that stability
of the driving state of the vehicle might be largely fluctuated by the
driving operation of the driver.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036]FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the system configuration of a
driving support apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present
invention;

[0037]FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing map information
including a plurality of intersections used in the apparatus in the first
embodiment;

[0038] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a list exemplifying information of an
intersection included in the map information of the first embodiment;

[0039]FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an example of a first intersection
where a driving model is learned in the apparatus of the first
embodiment;

[0040]FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a list exemplifying situation
information of the intersection included in the map information of the
first embodiment;

[0041] FIG. 6 is diagram showing a list exemplifying a vehicle state
(driving model) corresponding to the intersection included in the map
information of the first embodiment, in which section (a) is a diagram
showing a list exemplifying the driving model learned for the
intersection, section (b) is a diagram showing a list exemplifying a
normative driving model of the intersection, section (c) is a diagram
showing a list exemplifying a general driving model of the intersection,
and section (d) is a diagram showing a list exemplifying a driving model
calculated from information of the intersection;

[0042] FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a procedure for learning a driving
model in the apparatus of the first embodiment;

[0043]FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a list exemplifying a case in which the
driving model learned once in the apparatus of the first embodiment is
further learned;

[0044] FIG. 9 is a plan view exemplifying a second intersection for which
driving support based on the driving model is performed in the apparatus
in the first embodiment;

[0045] FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the driving support
performed on the basis of the driving model in the apparatus of the first
embodiment;

[0046]FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a procedure of driving support of a
driving support apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present
invention;

[0047]FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a procedure for determining steering
freedom in the driving support of FIG. 11;

[0048] FIG. 13(a) is a plan view of a third intersection, which
exemplifies a form of steering freedom;

[0049] FIG. 13(b) is a plan view of a fourth intersection, which
exemplifies a form of steering freedom;

[0050]FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a procedure of deceleration support
in the driving support of FIG. 11;

[0051] FIG. 15 is a plan view exemplifying a fifth intersection where
driving support is performed by a driving support apparatus according to
a third embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing the procedure for determining the
steering freedom in the third embodiment; and

[0053] FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a procedure of driving support
performed by a driving support apparatus according to another embodiment
of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

First Embodiment

[0054] A driving support apparatus according to a first embodiment of the
present invention will be described below by referring to FIGS. 1 to 10.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of the driving support
apparatus by each block.

[0055] As shown in FIG. 1, a vehicle 10 has a driving support control
computer (driving support ECU) 11 for executing various controls and the
like for supporting a driving operation of a driver who drives the
vehicle 10. The driving support ECU 11 is mainly composed of a
microcomputer provided with a CPU for executing various calculations, a
ROM storing various control programs, a RAM used as a work area for data
storage and program execution, an input/output interface, a memory and
the like.

[0056] The driving support ECU 11 has a driving information process unit
110, an individual driving model creation process unit 111, and a driving
support performing unit 112. The driving information process unit 110
executes process of temporary storage of driving information including
speed, acceleration and the like indicating a state of driving detected
during driving of the vehicle 10. The individual driving model creation
process unit 111 executes creation process of an individual driving
model, which is a driving model used for driving support and created on
the basis of learning of the driving state of the vehicle in accordance
with a driving operation of the driver. The individual driving model
creation process unit 111 executes creation process of the individual
driving model through process of selecting whether or not to use the
driving state of the vehicle for learning and learning process of
learning the driving state of the vehicle selected for learning by a
known learning method and reflecting the learned result in the individual
driving model. The driving support performing unit 112 executes various
controls relating to driving support, particularly to right-turning
support performed when the vehicle 10 turns right at an intersection. The
driving support includes various forms such as information provision
performed through sound, voice, images and the like, warnings, braking
control such as preliminary braking and assist brake and the like. As
such, the driving support is performed in one or more forms selected from
these forms.

[0057] That is, the driving support ECU 11 stores various programs for
temporary storage of the driving information, for executing creation
process of the individual driving model, and for performing the driving
support, and various parameters used for calculation process of the
above-described various programs in advance.

[0058] The driving support ECU 11 is connected to a brake control computer
(brake ECU) 12 executing brake control or the like of the vehicle 10 and
an engine control computer (engine ECU) 13 executing engine control or
the like of the vehicle 10 through an onboard network such as CAN
(Control Area Network), capable of communication with each of them.
Moreover, the driving support ECU 11 is also connected to a steering
control computer (steering ECU) 14 executing steering control or the like
of the vehicle 10 through the onboard network such as CAN, capable of
communication. Each of the above-described ECUs 12 to 14 is mainly
composed of a microcomputer provided with a CPU for executing various
calculation processes, a ROM storing various control programs, a RAM used
as a work area for data storage and program execution, an input/output
interface, a memory and the like similarly to the driving support ECU 11.

[0059] The brake ECU 12 is an ECU for executing control of a brake device
of the vehicle 10, to which various sensors such as a vehicle-speed
sensor 40, a brake sensor 43 and the like are connected to the brake ECU
12. The brake ECU 12 generates a braking force in the vehicle 10 through
control of the brake device of the vehicle 10 on the basis of signals
from the various sensors. Specifically, the brake ECU 12 controls the
brake device by calculating a speed of the vehicle 10 grasped on the
basis of a signal from the vehicle-speed sensor 40 and a braking force
required on the basis of a signal such as a brake pedal depression amount
of the brake sensor 43 and the like. In this embodiment, the brake ECU 12
is configured to execute braking control for supporting deceleration or
stopping of the vehicle 10 such as preliminary braking or assist brake,
for example, on the basis of a deceleration support signal for the
driving support sent from the driving support ECU 11.

[0060] The engine ECU 13 is an ECU for executing engine driving control of
the vehicle 10, to which an accelerator sensor 44 for detecting an
accelerator pedal depression amount. A sensor for detecting an intake air
amount and the like are connected, and driving circuits of various
devices such as a driving circuit of a throttle valve, a driving circuit
of a fuel injection valve and the like are connected to the engine ECU
13. The engine ECU 13 detects an engine driving state and the like
grasped on the basis of a detection signal input from each of the
above-described sensors and outputs an instruction signal for the driving
circuit of the above-described various devices. As such, the engine
driving control is executed through the engine ECU 13.

[0061] The steering ECU 14 is an ECU for executing steering control of the
vehicle 10 to which various sensors such as a gyro sensor 42. A steering
angle sensor 45 and the like are connected to the steering ECU 14. The
steering ECU 14 executes steering control by electric assist control or
the like on the basis of signals from the various sensors.

[0062] Moreover, the driving support ECU 11 is connected to an automotive
navigation system 20 and a database 21 for storing various types of
information such as road map information and a driving model capable of
reading/writing through the onboard network such as CAN capable of
communication, respectively.

[0063] The automotive navigation system 20 detects the current position of
the vehicle using Global Positioning System (GPS) and the like and guides
the driver through a driving path and the like of the vehicle 10 to a
driving destination by referring to the road map information stored in
advance. The automotive navigation system 20 is provided with a display
device, an input device, and a sound device, not shown.

[0064] The display device is composed of a liquid crystal display, for
example, and is installed in the vicinity of a center console in a
passenger compartment. An image corresponding to image data input from
the automotive navigation system 20 and the like is displayed on this
display device. As a result, the automotive navigation system 20 displays
an image in which the position of the vehicle 10 and the map around it
are combined on the display device by outputting image data in which the
current position of the vehicle 10 and the map around it are combined.
The display device receives image data of map display and image data such
as warning display corresponding to the information input from the
driving support ECU 11 for drawing attention of the driver (driving
support signal) and the like from the automotive navigation system 20.

[0065] For the input device, a touch switch or a mechanical switch and the
like integral with the display device, for example, is used for various
input operations. In this embodiment, the driver can be set in the
driving support ECU 11 through this input/output device. Moreover, a
standard driving model employed instead of the individual driving model
can be selected and set from a plurality of driving models.

[0066] The sound device is a device for generating sound or voice and
outputs sound or voice corresponding to sound/sound data and the like
input from the automotive navigation system 20. To the sound device,
sound information such as path guidance and traffic information, and
sound information corresponding to the information from the driving
support ECU 11 and the like are input as sound/voice data from the
automotive navigation system 20.

[0067] The automotive navigation system 20 of this embodiment obtains and
uses road map information stored in the database 21. Moreover, the
automotive navigation system 20 sends positional information relating to
the position of the vehicle 10, road map information extracted as
information of the periphery of the current position and the like to the
driving support ECU 11.

[0068] The database 21 is a device storing various types of information
such as road map information (map database) used for navigation process,
various driving models and the like, and an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) which
is a nonvolatile storage device is used as a storing device.

[0069] The road map information is information relating to a map and is
composed of data for displaying roads and backgrounds of road maps, data
composed of names of intersections and the like. Moreover, the road map
information includes information pertaining to roads such as information
of the shapes of the roads, intersections and pedestrian crossings on
roads and the like. The information pertaining to roads includes
intersection data, which is data of intersections, and the intersection
data includes information such as positions, presence of traffic lights,
positions of stop lines, road shapes of intersecting roads, pedestrian
crossings, road markings on the road surfaces and the like. The road map
information stores road map information, which is driving environments
including intersections C1 to C6 shown in FIG. 2 and intersection data
relating to those intersections, for example.

[0070] An outline structure of a first intersection C1 will be described
by referring to FIG. 4.

[0071] As shown in FIG. 4, the first intersection C1 has a structure where
two roads, a first road R1 extending in the vertical direction in FIG. 4
and a second road R2 extending in the horizontal direction in FIG. 4
intersect. In the first road R1 in the vertical direction, a first
vertical driving lane coming down from the top and a second vertical
driving lane formed of one lane La1 going up from the bottom are
provided, while in the second road R2 in the horizontal direction, a
first horizontal driving lane going from right to left and a second
horizontal driving lane having two lanes Ls1 and Ls2 going from left to
right are provided. That is, the second horizontal driving lane has a
lane Ls1 close to a road shoulder and a lane Ls2 close to the center.
Moreover, in this first intersection C1, a plurality of road markings are
provided. That is, an intersection mark 51 is provided at the center part
of the first intersection C1, and a right-turn auxiliary line 52 is
provided from the lane La1 of the first road R1 to the two lanes Ls1 and
Ls2 of the second road R2 is provided. Moreover, the lane La1 of the
first road R1 has a center line 53 and a stop line 54, and the second
road R2 has a pedestrian crossing 55, a center line (solid line) 56, and
a traffic lane line 57 defining the lanes Ls1 and Ls2.

[0072] In the road map information, intersection data 51A as shown in FIG.
5 is set for the first intersection C1 having the above-described
structure. In the intersection data 51A, positional information A10
specifying the position of the first intersection C1 on the map, traffic
signal information B10 indicating presence of a traffic light and the
like, lane information C10 indicating the number of lanes on the roads R1
and R2 and the like, and stop line information D10 indicating the
position of the stop line 54 and the like are set. Moreover, in the
intersection data 51A, center mark information E10 indicating presence of
the intersection mark 51 of the intersection and the like, pedestrian
crossing information F10 indicating presence of the pedestrian crossing
55 and the like, and right-turn auxiliary line information G10 indicating
presence of the right-turn auxiliary line 52 are set. Moreover, in the
intersection data 51A, presence of the center line 53 (56) in each of the
roads R1 and R2, the traffic lane line 57 and the like may be set.

[0073] As such, the road map information sent from the automotive
navigation system 20 to the driving support ECU 11 also includes the
above-described information pertaining to the road and the like.

[0074] Moreover, the road map information is associated with the
intersection list 50 as shown in FIG. 3. The intersection list 50
associates intersection categories and driving models to intersections,
and the intersection list 50 associates the intersection category, an
individual driving model and the like to each of the intersections C1 to
C6. The intersection categories indicate a category classified by
probability of driving support performed by the same driving model. That
is, since the intersection category is given a value so as to classify
the intersections according to the shape, structure and the like, the
intersections having similar shapes, structures and the like are given
the same value. As a result, driving support on the basis of the same
driving model can be used for the intersections having the same
intersection category value. The individual driving model is data that
can be employed as a basis of a driving state of the vehicle 10 in
driving support and is provided in correspondence with each of the
intersections C1 to C6 as driving environments.

[0075] For example, in the intersection list 50, the first intersection C1
is associated with the intersection category value CT1 and the individual
driving model MC1. Similarly, the second intersection C2 is associated
with the intersection category value CT2 and the individual driving model
MC2, the third intersection C3 is associated with the intersection
category value CT1 and the individual driving model MC3, and the fourth
intersection C4 is associated with the intersection category value CT3
and the individual driving model MC4, respectively. Moreover, the fifth
intersection C5 is associated with the intersection category value CT3
and the individual driving model MC5, and the sixth intersection C6 is
associated with the intersection category value CT1 and the individual
driving model MC6, respectively.

[0076] In this embodiment, the database 21 has a driving information
storage unit 210 and a driving model storage unit 211. The driving
information storage unit 210 temporarily stores driving information
composed of a value detected during driving of the vehicle 10. The
driving model storage unit 211 stores various driving models used for the
driving support. The driving model has data corresponding to the driving
information determined in accordance with the driving environment. The
driving state includes elements such as a speed of the vehicle 10, the
acceleration, the steering angle of the steering wheel, the position and
the like. The driving information includes the value of each of the
above-described elements included in the driving state as time-series
data and the like. As a result, the driving support ECU 11 is capable of
selecting a driving model corresponding to the driving environment
subjected to the driving support and performing the driving support on
the basis of the driving information included in the selected driving
model.

[0077] In this embodiment, in addition to the individual driving model MC1
associated with the intersection list 50 (FIG. 6(a)), a normative driving
model MCs (FIG. 6(b)), a general driving model MCu (FIG. 6(c)), and a
calculated driving model MCx (FIG. 6(d)) are provided as a driving model
associating the driving environment with the first intersection C1 as
shown in FIG. 6. The normative driving model MCs, the general driving
model MCu, and the calculated driving model MCx have similar items to
those of the individual driving model MC1.

[0078] The details of the driving model will be described. The individual
driving model MC1 corresponding to the first intersection C1 will be
described, and duplicated description of the individual driving models
corresponding to the other intersections C2 to C6 will be omitted.

[0079] The individual driving model MC1 is a driving model created
according to each driver and a driving model that has been generated by
learning the driving information of a target driver by a known learning
method. The normative driving model MCs is a driving model prepared in
advance and a driving model created from the driving information on the
basis of a normative driving operation by a driver such as a professional
driver, for example. The general driving model MCu is a driving model
prepared in advance and is a driving model created by averaging or the
like a large number of sets of the driving information obtained from
driving operations by a large number of general drivers obtained in
advance. The calculated driving model MCx is a driving model prepared in
advance and a driving model calculated by predetermined calculation
executed on the basis of data indicating a road structure and the like of
the driving environment.

[0080] In this embodiment, items corresponding to elements of the driving
state when turning right at an intersection, particularly to elements of
the driving state of the vehicle changing as a result of a driving
operation of the driver are set in the driving model. That is, the
driving model has a deceleration start position, which is a position
where the vehicle 10 starts deceleration to turn right, a deceleration
end position to end the deceleration, an acceleration start position to
start acceleration for turning right, and an acceleration end position to
end the acceleration. Moreover, the driving model has a steering start
position to start turning a steering wheel to right for turning right, a
steering return-start position to start returning the steering wheel,
which has been steered to the right, and a steering return-end position
where the steering wheel has been returned. Furthermore, the driving
model has an average value of deceleration (deceleration acceleration)
when turning right, an average value of acceleration when turning right,
an average value of lateral G (lateral acceleration) when turning right,
and an approaching speed, which is the speed when approaching the
intersection.

[0081] From this fact, for the individual driving model MC1 (FIG. 6 (a)),
a deceleration start position DC11, a deceleration end position DC21, an
acceleration start position AC11, an acceleration end position AC21, a
steering start position ST11, a steering return-start position ST21, and
a steering return-end position ST31 are set as values corresponding to
items set for the driving model. Moreover, a deceleration average DA1, an
acceleration average AA1, a lateral acceleration average CA1, and an
approaching speed SP1 are set.

[0082] Moreover, for the normative driving model MCs (FIG. 6(b)), a
deceleration start position DC1s, a deceleration end position DC2s, an
acceleration start position AC1s, an acceleration end position AC2s, a
steering start position ST1s, a steering return-start position ST2s, and
a steering return-end position ST3s are set as values corresponding to
the items set for the driving model with subscript "s". Moreover, a
deceleration average DAs, an acceleration average AAs, a lateral
acceleration average CAs, and an approaching speed SPs are set.

[0083] Moreover, for the general driving model MCu (FIG. 6(c)), a
deceleration start position DC1u, a deceleration end position DC2u, an
acceleration start position AC1u, an acceleration end position AC2u, a
steering start position ST1u, a steering return-start position ST2u and a
steering return-end position ST3u are set as values corresponding to each
of the items set for the driving model with subscript "u". Moreover, a
deceleration average Dau, an acceleration average AAu, a lateral
acceleration average CAu, and an approaching speed SPu are set.

[0084] Moreover, for the calculated driving model MCx (FIG. 6(d)), a
deceleration start position DC1x, a deceleration end position DC2x, an
acceleration start position AC1x, an acceleration end position AC2x, a
steering start position ST1x, a steering return-start position ST2x, and
a steering return-end position ST3x are set as values corresponding to
each of the items set for the driving model with subscript "x". Moreover,
a deceleration average Dax, an acceleration average AAx, a lateral
acceleration average CAx, and an approaching speed SPx are set.

[0085] From the above, the road map information sent from the automotive
navigation system 20 to the driving support ECU 11 includes the
above-described various driving models.

[0086] The driving support ECU 11 is electrically connected to an output
device (man-machine interface) for outputting various types of
information such as a warning relating to driving support or a speaker
25, for example. This output device is a device that generates a warning
sound for drawing attention of the driver on the basis of a warning
relating to the driving support and outputs warning sound according to a
signal from the driving support ECU 11. The output device is not limited
to the above-described speaker.

[0087] Moreover, the driving support ECU 11 is electrically connected to
various information obtaining devices such as an inter-vehicle
communication device 30, an infrastructure communication device 31, a
global positioning system (GPS) 32, an onboard camera 33, onboard radar
34 and the like.

[0088] The inter-vehicle communication device 30 is a communication device
that performs "inter-vehicle communication", in which the device mutually
transmits various types of information such as positional information and
driving information of a vehicle with other vehicles located in the
periphery of the vehicle 10 via wireless communication. In this
inter-vehicle communication, vehicle information is periodically
sent/received between each of a plurality of vehicles in a communicable
area.

[0089] The infrastructure communication device 31 is a communication
device that conducts communication by using optical signals such as
infrared signals with optical beacon devices (not shown) provided on
roads. The infrastructure communication device 31 receives an
infrastructure information signal transmitted from the optical beacon
device and transmits the received infrastructure information signal to
the driving support ECU 11. As a result, the driving support ECU 11 can
grasp the infrastructure information. For example, the infrastructure
communication device 31 receives road traffic information distributed
from VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System) center as the
infrastructure information through the optical beacon device. Moreover,
the infrastructure information includes incidental information incidental
to roads such as a road situation (including intersection shape, radius
of curvature, gradient, the number of lanes and the like) of roads in the
periphery of a place where the optical beacon device is installed and the
like and mobile body information of other vehicles in the periphery
detected by ground equipment or the like. Furthermore, the infrastructure
information may include intersection data indicated by a controller of an
intersection that can indicate information to the outside. That is, the
driving support ECU 11 may obtain intersection data through the
infrastructure communication device 31.

[0090] The GPS 32 receives a GPS satellite signal in order to detect the
absolute position of the vehicle 10 and also detects the position of the
vehicle 10 on the basis of the received GPS satellite signal. Moreover,
the GPS 32 sends the detected positional information of the vehicle 10 to
the driving support ECU 11. As a result, the driving support ECU 11 can
grasp the position of the vehicle 10.

[0091] The onboard camera 33 picks up images of a predetermined range in
front of the vehicle 10 by an optical CCD camera installed on the back
side of a rearview mirror and the like and sends an image signal on the
basis of the picked up image to the driving support ECU 11. The driving
support ECU 11 extracts a state of a traffic light in front (color of a
traffic light and the like) and a road marking in front (a stop line, a
center line and the like) on the basis of the image signal picked up by
this onboard camera 33. Then, the driving support of the vehicle 10 can
be performed on the basis of the state of the traffic light in front or
the road marking in front extracted as above.

[0092] The onboard radar 34 uses laser beam to detect the distance, the
relative speed, the azimuth and the like from a reflecting object such as
a vehicle in front and the like that reflects the laser beam. These
detection results are sent to the driving support ECU 11 for each
reflecting object. As a result, the driving support ECU 11 can
discriminate presence and type of a mobile body such as another vehicle
in front of the vehicle 10, an obstacle and the like and grasp a
separation distance.

[0093] Furthermore, the driving support ECU 11 is electrically connected
to various sensors such as the vehicle-speed sensor 40, an acceleration
sensor 41, the gyro sensor 42, the brake sensor 43, the accelerator
sensor 44, and the steering angle sensor 45.

[0094] The vehicle-speed sensor 40 detects a rotational speed of a wheel
and sends a signal according to the detected rotational speed to the
driving support ECU 11.

[0095] The acceleration sensor 41 detects acceleration of a vehicle and
sends a signal according to the detected acceleration to the driving
support ECU 11.

[0096] The gyro sensor 42 detects a vehicle traveling direction and sends
a signal according to the detected traveling direction to the driving
support ECU 11.

[0097] The brake sensor 43 detects presence of an operation of a brake
pedal by a driver or a pedal depression amount and sends a signal
according to the detected presence of the operation or the pedal
depression amount to the driving support ECU 11.

[0098] The accelerator sensor 44 detects presence of an operation of an
accelerator pedal by a driver or a pedal depression amount and sends a
signal according to the detected presence of the operation or the pedal
depression amount to the driving support ECU 11.

[0099] The steering angle sensor 45 calculates a steering angle on the
basis of a change amount of the detected steering angle of the steering
wheel and sends a signal according to the calculated steering angle to
the driving support ECU 11.

[0100] The various signals from each of the above-described sensors are
sent to the driving support ECU 11 at predetermined intervals so that the
driving support ECU 11 can sequentially grasp a vehicle situation such as
a position, speed, direction and the like of the vehicle 10 on the basis
of the sent various signals.

[0101] Subsequently, creation process of the individual driving model by
the driving support apparatus of this embodiment will be described by
referring to FIGS. 7 and 8. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a procedure of
the creation process of the individual driving model, and FIG. 8 is a
diagram of a list showing an example of the created individual driving
model.

[0102] The creation process of the individual driving model is executed as
appropriate when driving in a driving environment subjected to the
driving model creation process or driving through each of the
intersections C1 to C6, for example, with the road map information and
the current position of the vehicle 10, for example. For the illustrative
purposes, the creation process of the individual driving model for the
first intersection C1 will be described below, and the explanation of the
creation process of the individual driving model for the other
intersections C2 to C6 will be omitted.

[0103] Moreover, since the individual driving model is created separately
for each driver, the created individual driving model is a model adapted
for driving characteristics of each driver. In the following, the
creation process of the individual driving model corresponding to one
driver will be described, and for the illustrative purposes, description
of creation process of the individual driving models corresponding to the
other drivers will be omitted.

[0104] As shown in FIG. 7, when the creation process of the individual
driving model is started, the driving support ECU 11 starts storing of
driving information of the vehicle 10 (Step S10 in FIG. 7). That is, the
driving information is temporarily stored in a time series in the memory
and the driving information storage unit 210 of the database 21 of the
driving support ECU 11. Then, the driving support ECU 11 determines
whether or not the vehicle 10 is to turn right at the first intersection
C1 (Step S11 in FIG. 7). The determination on whether the vehicle 10
turns right at the first intersection C1 is made on the facts that a path
guidance of the automotive navigation system 20 indicates a right turn, a
direction indicator indicates a right turn, the vehicle usually makes a
right turn on the path, deceleration is started in a driving environment
in which deceleration is not necessary, a form of a driving operation of
the driver resembles a standard model at a right-turn operation and the
like. The driving environment in which deceleration is not necessary is
determined on the basis of various types of information obtained from the
onboard camera 33, the onboard radar 34, the infrastructure information,
the road map information, the inter-vehicle communication and the like.
In other words, the driving environment requiring deceleration is
determined on the basis of the facts that a yellow traffic light or a red
traffic light is on, the intersection is an intersection requiring
temporary stop, the vehicle in front decelerates, the inter-vehicle
distance from the vehicle in front becomes shorter and the like.

[0105] If the driving support ECU 11 determines that the vehicle 10 is not
turning right at the first intersection C1 (NO at Step S11 in FIG. 7),
the driving support ECU 11 ends recording of the driving state, discards
the recorded driving state (Step S13 in FIG. 7) and ends the creation
process of the individual driving model.

[0106] On the other hand, if the driving support ECU 11 determines that
the vehicle 10 is turning right at the first intersection C1 (YES at Step
S11 in FIG. 7), the driving support ECU 11 determines whether or not
there is the intersection mark 51, which is a road marking at the first
intersection C1 (Step S12 in FIG. 7). Whether or not there is the
intersection mark 51 at the first intersection C1 is determined on the
basis of various information obtained through the onboard camera 33,
infrastructure information, and the road map information. If the driving
support ECU 11 determines that there is no intersection mark 51 at the
first intersection C1 (NO at Step S12 in FIG. 7), the driving support ECU
11 ends recording of the driving state, discards the driving state
recorded (Step S13 in FIG. 7) and ends the creation process of the
individual driving model.

[0107] If the driving support ECU 11 determines that there is the
intersection mark at the first intersection C1 (YES at Step S12 in FIG.
7), the driving support ECU 11 determines whether or not the vehicle 10
has exited the intersection (Step S14 in FIG. 7). The determination on
whether or not the vehicle 10 has exited the intersection is made on the
basis of comparison between the position of the vehicle 10 and the
position of the first intersection C1 on the basis of the road map
information and the infrastructure information, the steering angle of the
steering wheel of the vehicle 10, the speed of the vehicle 10, the
recognition by means of the onboard camera 33 and the like. If the
driving support ECU 11 determines that the vehicle 10 has not exited the
intersection (NO at Step S14 in FIG. 7), the driving support ECU 11
periodically repeats the determination on whether or not the vehicle 10
has exited the intersection (Step S14 in FIG. 7).

[0108] Then, if the driving support ECU 11 determines that the vehicle 10
has exited the intersection (YES at Step S14 in FIG. 7), the driving
support ECU 11 ends recording of the driving state of the vehicle 10
(Step S15 in FIG. 7) and performs learning of the individual driving
model (Step S16 in FIG. 7). The learning of the individual driving model
is performed on the basis of the recorded driving information of the
vehicle 10. The driving information of the vehicle 10 is reflected in
each item of the individual driving model MC1 (FIG. 6(a)) through the
learning of the individual driving model. That is, the result of this
learning is reflected in the individual driving model MC1 before the
learning, and the value of each item is set to a value indicated in each
item of the individual driving model MC1a after the learning as shown in
FIG. 8, for example. Specifically, the value in each item of the
individual driving model MC1 is set through the learning such that the
deceleration start position DC11 is set to a deceleration start position
DC11a, the deceleration end position DC21 to a deceleration end position
DC21a, the acceleration start position AC11 to an acceleration start
position AC11a, and the acceleration end position AC21 to an acceleration
end position AC21a, respectively. Moreover, the steering start position
ST11 is set to a steering start position ST11a, the steering return-start
position ST21 to a steering return-start position ST21a, and the steering
return-end position ST31 to a steering return-end position ST31a,
respectively. Furthermore, the deceleration average DA1 is set to a
deceleration average DA1a, the acceleration average AA1 to an
acceleration average AA1a, the lateral acceleration average CA1 to a
lateral acceleration average CA1a, and the approaching speed SP1 to an
approaching speed SP1a, respectively.

[0109] Subsequently, the driving support performed by the driving support
apparatus of this embodiment will be described by referring to FIGS. 9
and 10. FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the second intersection C2. FIG. 10
is a flowchart showing a support procedure of the driving support.

[0110] The driving support is performed as appropriate when the vehicle
drives in a driving environment subjected to the driving support on the
basis of the road map information and the current position of the vehicle
10, that is, when the vehicle 10 drives in a driving environment for
which a driving model has already been prepared. In this embodiment, it
is assumed that the vehicle 10 turns right at the first intersection C1
shown in FIG. 4 as an example of an intersection having an intersection
mark as indicated by a first trajectory Tr1 from the lane La1 to the lane
Ls2 close to the center and also turns right at the second intersection
C2 shown in FIG. 9 as an example of an intersection not having an
intersection mark as indicated by a second trajectory Tr2 from a first
road La11 to a second road Ls11.

[0111] As shown in FIG. 10, when the driving support is started, the
driving support ECU 11 determines whether or not the vehicle 10 is
turning right at the intersection (Step S20 in FIG. 10). The
determination that the vehicle 10 is turning right at the intersection is
made similarly to Step S11 in FIG. 7. That is, the determination is made
on the basis of the facts that the path guidance of the automotive
navigation system 20 indicates a right turn, the direction indicator
indicates a right turn, the vehicle usually makes a right turn on the
path, deceleration is started in a driving environment in which
deceleration is not necessary, a form of a driving operation of the
driver resembles a standard model at a usual right-turn operation and the
like. If the driving support ECU 11 determines that the right turn is not
to be made at the intersection (NO at Step S20 in FIG. 10), the driving
support ECU 11 ends the driving support.

[0112] If the driving support ECU 11 determines that a right turn is to be
made at the intersection (YES at Step S20 in FIG. 10), the driving
support ECU 11 determines whether or not there is an intersection mark
(51) at the intersection (Step S21 in FIG. 10). Whether or not there is
the intersection mark (51) at the intersection is determined similarly to
Step S12 in FIG. 7, and the determination is made on the basis of the
various information obtained from the onboard camera 33, the
infrastructure information, and the road map information. Then, if the
driving support ECU 11 determines that there is the intersection mark 51
at the intersection from the fact that the driving environment is the
first intersection C1 and the like (YES at Step S21 in FIG. 10), the
driving support ECU 11 ends the driving support.

[0113] On the other hand, if the driving support ECU 11 determines that
there is no intersection mark (51) at the intersection from the fact that
the driving environment is the second intersection C2 and the like (NO at
Step S21 in FIG. 10), the driving support ECU 11 determines whether or
not the individual driving model MC2 corresponding to the second
intersection C2 has been already learned (Step S22 in FIG. 10). Whether
or not the individual driving model MC2 has been already learned is
determined on the basis of whether or not the individual driving model
corresponding to the driving environment is held in the database 21.

[0114] If the driving support ECU 11 determines that the individual
driving model MC2 has been already learned (YES at Step S22 in FIG. 10),
the driving support ECU 11 uses the individual driving model MC2, which
is a driving model specific to the driver as the driving model used for
the driving support (Step S23 in FIG. 10). If the driving support ECU 11
determines that the individual driving model MC2 has not been learned yet
(NO at Step S22 in FIG. 10), the driving support ECU 11 uses the general
driving model (MCu) prepared in advance as a driving model that can be
used in the driving environment as the standard driving model and
determines this standard driving model as a driving model used for the
driving support (Step S24 in FIG. 10). In this embodiment, since the
normative driving model (MCs) and the calculated driving model (MCx) are
also prepared in advance, these driving models may be used as a standard
driving model instead of the general driving model (MCu) by means of
selection setting of the standard driving model through the automotive
navigation system 20 and the like.

[0115] If the driving model to be used is determined, the driving support
ECU 11 determines whether or not a right-turn control support start
condition is met (Step S25 in FIG. 10). For the determination of the
right-turn control support start condition, conditions such that a
predetermined time has elapsed since start of the driving support, the
speed of the vehicle 10 has fallen to a certain value or less, the
accelerator has not been stepped on, a distance to the second
intersection C2 has become a certain value or less and the like are used.
That is, if one or more of the conditions employed from the
above-described conditions are met, the driving support ECU 11 determines
that the right-turn control support start condition is met.

[0116] If the driving support ECU 11 determines that the right-turn
control support start condition is met (YES at Step S25 in FIG. 10), the
driving support ECU 11 performs the right-turn control support (Step S26
in FIG. 10). If the right-turn control support is performed, the driving
support ECU 11 determines whether or not a right-turn control support end
condition is met (Step S27 in FIG. 10). On the other hand, if the driving
support ECU 11 determines that the right-turn control support start
condition is not met (NO at Step S25 in FIG. 10), the driving support ECU
11 does not perform the right-turn control support but determines whether
or not the right-turn control support end condition is met (Step S27 in
FIG. 10). Whether or not the right-turn control support end condition is
met is determined on the condition that the vehicle has exited the second
intersection C2, the accelerator is stepped on for a predetermined value
or more, the speed of the vehicle 10 exceeds a predetermined value and
the like. That is, if one or more of the conditions employed from the
above-described conditions are met, the driving support ECU 11 determines
that the right-turn control support end condition is met.

[0117] In either case, if the driving support ECU 11 determines that the
right-turn control support end condition is not met (NO at Step S27 in
FIG. 10), the driving support ECU 11 returns to Step S25 in FIG. 10,
determines whether or not the right-turn control support start condition
is met, and repeats the subsequent process. On the other hand, if the
driving support ECU 11 determines that the right-turn control support end
condition is met (YES at Step S27 in FIG. 10), the driving support ECU 11
ends the driving support.

[0118] As a result, the driving support can be provided in accordance with
the driving environment, specifically when the vehicle drives through the
second intersection C2 or the like where the driving state becomes
unstable since there is no intersection mark (51), and the driving
support is suitably provided on the basis of the selected driving model.

[0119] As described above, according to the driving support apparatus of
this embodiment, the advantages enumerated as follows are achieved.

[0120] (1) The driving support apparatus is configured to create the
individual driving model on the basis of the intersection data and the
driving information (a learning result is reflected) if there is the
intersection mark 51, which is a road marking, at the intersection, and
not to create (learn) the individual driving model on the basis of the
driving information if there is no intersection mark 51. That is, the
"model contribution rate of the driving information", which is a
contribution rate of the driving information to the creation of the
individual driving model, is configured to be changed in accordance with
the intersection data. For example, if there is the intersection mark 51,
the "model contribution rate of the driving information" is 100%, while
if there is no intersection mark 51, the "model contribution rate of the
driving information" is 0%. As a result, the driving support apparatus
can be configured such that the driving information in the driving
environment determined to be not suitable for creation of the individual
driving model since fluctuation in the driving operation of the driver is
large (the driving information when there is no intersection mark 51) or
the like is not reflected in the individual driving model to be created,
for example. That is, the individual driving model can be created as a
more suitable model according to the driving environment of a vehicle.
Moreover, if the individual driving model created as above is used for
the driving support, more suitable driving support can be provided.

[0121] (2) Usually, if there is a road marking (intersection mark 51) at
an intersection such as in the first intersection C1, the driver performs
the driving operation of the vehicle 10 pursuant to the road marking.
Thus, the driving state of the vehicle 10 tends to be stable, and the
driving information as the information relating to the driving state
reflects the stable driving state. In contrast, if there is no road
marking (intersection mark 51) at an intersection such as in the second
intersection C2, the driver performs the driving operation of the vehicle
10 mainly on the basis of his/her own senses. Thus, the driving state of
the vehicle 10 also tends to be unstable, and the driving information as
the information relating to the driving state reflects the unstable
driving state.

[0122] In this regard, according to the above-described configuration, if
there is no road marking (intersection mark 51) at an intersection such
as in the second intersection C2, the individual driving model is created
such that there is no longer contribution by the driving information at
that time, that is, the driving information no longer has influence
(model contribution rate of the driving information is reduced). From
this fact, the accuracy and reliability of the created individual driving
model are also improved. As such, by using the highly reliable individual
driving model for the driving support, more suitable driving support is
provided.

[0123] (3) According to the above-described configuration, a highly
practical individual driving model is suitably created even for an
intersection such as the second intersection C2, where stability or
uncertainty of the driving state of the vehicle 10 may be largely
fluctuated by the driving operation of the driver. For example, if the
information relating to the intersection mark 51 is not included in the
intersection data, the accuracy and reliability of the individual driving
model created for the second intersection C2 are made higher by
eliminating contribution of the driving information to the individual
driving model (reducing the model contribution rate of the driving
information small).

[0124] Then, by using the driving model created as above for the
intersection, suitable driving support pursuant to the driving
environment of each intersection is provided.

[0125] (4) On the basis of the road map information, which is information
indicating the driving environment of the vehicle 10, the "support
contribution rate of the driving model", which is a contribution rate to
the driving support of the individual driving model dependent on the
driving operation of the driver, is made variable. Thus, the form of the
driving support is also changed in accordance with the road map
information, that is, the driving environment of the vehicle 10.
Therefore, in the driving environment in which a burden of the driver
tends to be large since there is no stop line 54 or intersection mark 51,
for example, that is, in the driving environment in which necessity of
the driving support is large (the second intersection C2, for example),
the support contribution rate of the driving model can be made larger,
while in the driving environment in which necessity of the driving
support is small (the first intersection C1, for example), the support
contribution rate of the driving model can be reduced. As a result, the
degree of influence of the driving model in the driving support can be
changed in accordance with the driving environment of the vehicle 10.
Thus, even if the driving support is given on the basis of the driving
model, the freedom thereof is improved.

[0126] (5) If there is no road marking (intersection mark 51) at the
intersection, the driving model used for the driving support is selected,
that is, the support contribution rate of the individual driving model is
changed in accordance with presence or absence of the individual driving
model created (learned) suitably at that time. Specifically, if there is
no individual driving model created (learned) suitably, the standard
driving model is used for the driving support, that is, the contribution
of the individual driving model is eliminated. As a result, stability of
the driving support is improved, and also, more suitable driving support
is provided.

[0127] (6) If there is no road marking (intersection mark 51) at the
intersection, the predetermined stable driving support is provided by
performing the driving support on the basis of the standard driving model
prepared in advance. Therefore, the stability of the driving support is
favorably maintained.

Second Embodiment

[0128] A driving support apparatus according to a second embodiment of the
present invention will be described by referring to FIGS. 11 to 14. The
driving support apparatus of this embodiment is different from the
above-described first embodiment in the creation process of the
individual driving model and procedures relating to the driving support,
but the other configurations are similar. Thus, mainly the differences
will be described here, and for the illustrative purposes, the same
reference numerals are given to the same configurations and the
explanation thereof will be omitted.

[0129]FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a procedure of the driving support
of this embodiment. FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing determination process
of steering freedom in the driving support. In this embodiment,
particularly an example of deceleration support at a right turn will be
described as the driving support. The vehicle 10 turns right at the first
intersection C1 and the fourth intersection C4 shown in FIG. 13(b) as an
example of an intersection with small steering freedom. Moreover, the
vehicle 10 turns right at the intersection C3 shown in FIG. 13(a) from a
first road La12 toward a second road Ls12 as indicated by a third
trajectory Tr3 as an example of an intersection with large steering
freedom. That is, since the third intersection C3 has its corners rounded
at each of four corners 60a to 60c into an arc shape, the road width from
the center of the third intersection C3 to a corner 60d, for example,
expands as compared with the case of a corner at a right angle. Thus, the
freedom of the third trajectory Tr3, which the vehicle 10 can take when
turning right, is large. That is, in this case, the range of selection of
the driving operation of the driver is wider, that is, the steering
freedom is larger. On the other hand, regarding the fourth intersection
C4, if the vehicle 10 turns right from a first road La13 to the second
road, the approach destination might be limited to a lane Ls13 close to
the road shoulder or the lane Ls14 close to the center of the second
road. That is, if a fourth trajectory Tr4, which can be taken at a right
turn at the fourth intersection C4, is limited from the beginning,
steering freedom is reduced, but if the lane of the approach destination
is not limited, the limitation is relaxed, and steering freedom becomes
larger.

[0130] The driving support of this embodiment is performed as appropriate
when the vehicle 10 drives in a driving environment subjected to the
driving support on the basis of the road map information and the current
position of the vehicle 10, that is, in the driving environment for which
the driving model is prepared.

[0131] That is, as shown in FIG. 11, when deceleration support as the
driving support is started, the driving support ECU 11 determines whether
or not the deceleration support is possible (Step S30 in FIG. 11).
Whether or not the driving support is possible is determined on the
condition that a distance from the current position of the vehicle 10
before entering the intersection to the intersection is within a certain
range or the speed of the vehicle 10 is within a certain range. That is,
if one or more of conditions selected from the above-described conditions
are met, the driving support ECU 11 determines that the deceleration
support is possible. If the driving support ECU 11 determines that the
deceleration support is not possible (NO at Step S30 in FIG. 11), the
driving support ECU 11 ends the driving support.

[0132] On the other hand, if the driving support ECU 11 determines that
the deceleration support is possible (NO at Step S30 in FIG. 11), the
driving support ECU 11 starts temporary storage of the driving
information and also determines whether or not the individual driving
model has been learned (Step S31 in FIG. 11). Whether or not the
individual driving model has been already learned is determined on the
basis of whether or not the individual driving model corresponding to the
driving environment is held in the database 21 and the like. If the
driving support ECU 11 determines that the individual driving model has
been already learned (YES at Step S31 in FIG. 11), the driving support
ECU 11 sets the individual driving model (MC1), which is being created as
a driving model used for the driving support (Step S32 in FIG. 11).

[0133] If the driving support ECU 11 determines that the individual
driving model has not been learned (NO at Step S31 in FIG. 11), the
driving support ECU 11 performs steering freedom determination process
(Step S33 in FIG. 11).

[0134] In the steering freedom determination process, the driving support
EUC 11 determines each conditions of whether the driving plan is a right
turn or a left turn (Step S40 in FIG. 12), whether or not the number of
lanes in the approach/exit road is plural (Step S41 in FIG. 12), and
whether or not the curvature/an outflow angle of exit road of the curve
is small (Step S42 in FIG. 12) as necessary. Moreover, the driving
support ECU 11 determines each of the conditions of whether or not the
exit/approach road width is large (Step S43 in FIG. 12), whether or not
the road shoulder is free of projections (Step S44 in FIG. 12), whether
or not the road shoulder is wide (Step S45 in FIG. 12), and whether or
not the corner cutoff is small (Step S46 in FIG. 12) as necessary. That
is, if any one of the above-described plurality of the conditions is
determined to be met, process pursuant to "YES" at any of Steps S40 (S41,
. . . S46) determined to be met is proceeded, and the driving support ECU
11 sets that "steering freedom is large" (Step S48 in FIG. 12). Then, the
steering freedom determination process at Step S33 in FIG. 11 is
finished.

[0135] On the other hand, if all the conditions in the above-described
plurality of conditions are determined to be false, that is, if process
pursuant to "NO" is proceeded at all the Steps S40 to S46, the driving
support ECU 11 sets that "steering freedom is small" (Step S47 in FIG.
12). Then, the steering freedom determination process at Step S33 in FIG.
11 is finished.

[0136] When the steering freedom determination process is finished, the
driving support ECU 11 determines whether or not the steering freedom is
small (Step S34 in FIG. 11). Whether or not the steering freedom is small
is determined on the basis of the steering freedom set in the steering
freedom determination process. That is, if it is set that "steering
freedom is small" in the steering freedom determination process, the
driving support ECU 11 determines that the steering freedom is small,
while if it is set that "steering freedom is large", the driving support
ECU 11 determines that the steering freedom is not small.

[0137] If the driving support ECU 11 determines that the steering freedom
is not small (NO at Step S34 in FIG. 11), the driving support ECU 11
stops temporary storage of the driving information, discards the stored
driving information and then, ends the driving support process.

[0138] On the other hand, if the driving support ECU 11 determines that
the steering freedom is small (YES at Step S34 in FIG. 11), the driving
support ECU 11 sets the general driving model (MCu) prepared in advance
as the standard driving model, which is a driving model used for the
driving support (Step S35 in FIG. 11). In this embodiment, since the
normative driving model (MCs) and the calculated driving model (MCx) are
also prepared in advance, these driving models may be used as a standard
driving model instead of the general driving model (MCu) by means of
selection setting of the standard driving model through the automotive
navigation system 20.

[0139] If the driving model used for the deceleration support is
determined, the deceleration support process is performed (Step S36 in
FIG. 11).

[0140] In the deceleration support process, the driving support ECU 11
clears a flag indicating a result of the deceleration support to "0" and
determines whether or not the deceleration support start condition is met
(Step S50 in FIG. 14). Whether or not the deceleration support start
condition is met is determined on the basis of the facts that expected
arrival time at the intersection is a predetermined time T [seconds] or
less, deceleration (deceleration G) required for the speed to decelerate
to a predetermined speed to a stop line is a predetermined value X [G]
(where, 1G=9.8 kgm/s2) or more, the distance to the intersection is
a predetermined distance L [m] or less and the like. The predetermined
time T [seconds], the predetermined value X[G], and the predetermined
distance L[m] may be set in advance in the database 21 or may be
calculated by the driving support ECU 11 as necessary. That is, if one or
more of the conditions selected from the above-described conditions are
met, the deceleration support start condition is met.

[0141] If the driving support ECU 11 determines that the deceleration
support start condition is not met (NO at Step S50 in FIG. 14), the
driving support ECU 11 determines whether or not the deceleration support
is possible (Step S51 in FIG. 14). Whether or not the deceleration
support is possible is determined on conditions that the distance to the
intersection is within a certain range, the speed of the vehicle 10 is
within a certain range and the like similarly to Step S30 in FIG. 11. If
the driving support ECU 11 determines that the deceleration support is
possible (YES at Step S51 in FIG. 14), the driving support ECU 11 returns
to Step S50 in FIG. 14 and repeats the process at the determination on
whether or not the deceleration support start condition is met and
proceeding process. On the other hand, if the driving support ECU 11
determines that the deceleration support is not possible (NO at Step S51
in FIG. 14), the deceleration support process at Step S36 in FIG. 11 is
finished.

[0142] On the other hand, if the driving support ECU 11 determines that
the deceleration support start condition is met (YES at Step S50 in FIG.
14), the driving support ECU 11 performs the deceleration support (Step
S53 in FIG. 14) and also determines whether or not a support end
condition is met (Step S54 in FIG. 14). Whether or not the support end
condition is met is determined on the facts that the intersection has
been passed, the speed of the vehicle 10 is at a certain speed or less,
the steering wheel is turned to the left by a predetermined angle or more
and the like. That is, if one or more of the conditions selected from the
above-described conditions are met, the support end condition is met.

[0143] If the driving support ECU 11 determines that the support end
condition is not met (NO at Step S54 in FIG. 14), the driving support ECU
11 returns to Step S53 in FIG. 14 and repeats the process of performance
of the deceleration support and the proceeding process. On the other
hand, if the driving support ECU 11 determines that the support end
condition is met (YES at Step S54 in FIG. 14), the driving support ECU 11
sets a value indicating that the deceleration support is completed or the
value of "1", for example, to a flag indicating the support result and
ends the deceleration support and also ends the deceleration support
process at Step S36 in FIG. 11.

[0144] If the deceleration support process is finished, the driving
support ECU 11 ends the temporary storage of the driving information and
also determines whether or not the deceleration support is completed
(Step S37 in FIG. 11). Whether or not the deceleration support is
completed is determined on the basis of whether the value "1" indicating
that the deceleration control is completed is set for the flag indicating
the result of the deceleration support. That is, if the value "1"
indicating that the deceleration support is completed is set for the flag
indicating the result of the deceleration support, the driving support
ECU 11 determines that the deceleration support is completed.

[0145] If the driving support ECU 11 determines that the deceleration
support is completed (YES at Step S37 in FIG. 11), the driving support
ECU 11 determines whether or not the difference between the used driving
model and the driving information of the vehicle 10 is large (YES at Step
S38 in FIG. 11). Whether or not the difference between the used driving
model and the driving information of the vehicle 10 is large may be
determined on the conditions of whether there is a difference of a
predetermined threshold value or more in deceleration timing (position,
time required to reach the intersection and the like)/deceleration of the
vehicle 10, whether there is a difference of a predetermined threshold
value or more in acceleration timing (position, time required to reach
the intersection and the like)/acceleration of the vehicle 10. Moreover,
whether or not the difference between the used driving model and the
driving information of the vehicle 10 is large may be determined on the
conditions of whether there is a difference of a predetermined threshold
value or more in an approaching speed, whether there is a difference of a
predetermined threshold value or more in a steering operation position
(turning start, return start, and return end of the steering wheel) and a
steering operation amount and the like. Furthermore, whether or not the
difference between the used driving model and the driving information of
the vehicle 10 is large may be determined on the conditions of whether or
not an acceleration/deceleration operation (operation of stepping on the
brake pedal or the accelerator pedal twice and the like) has been
performed, whether the steering operation (turning back of steering wheel
or the like) has been performed plural times. That is, if one or more of
the conditions selected from the above-described conditions are met, the
driving support ECU 11 determines that the difference between the used
driving model and the driving information of the vehicle 10 is large.

[0146] If the driving support ECU 11 determines that the difference
between the used driving model and the driving information of the vehicle
10 is large (YES at Step S38 in FIG. 11), the driving support ECU 11
performs learning of an individual driving model on the basis of the
driving information of the vehicle 10 this time (Step S39 in FIG. 11). As
a result, the value obtained by learning the driving information this
time is reflected in the value of each item of the individual driving
model. Then, the driving information temporarily stored is discarded, and
the driving support is finished.

[0147] On the other hand, if the driving support ECU 11 determines that
the deceleration support is not completed (NO at Step S37 in FIG. 11) or
if the driving support ECU 11 determines that the difference between the
used driving model and the driving information of the vehicle 10 is not
large (NO at Step S38 in FIG. 11), the driving support ECU 11 does not
perform learning process of the individual driving model but discards the
temporarily stored driving information and ends the driving support.

[0148] As a result, provision of suitable driving support and efficient
learning of the individual driving model used for the driving support is
performed.

[0149] As described above, with the driving support apparatus of this
embodiment, the advantages equal to or substantially equal to the
advantage (4) of the above-described first embodiment are achieved.
Moreover, the following advantages are achieved.

[0150] (7) The individual driving model is created (the learning result is
reflected) on the conditions of the intersection data, the steering
freedom determined on the basis of the intersection data, and the
difference between the driving model used for the driving support and the
driving information of the vehicle 10 at that time. That is, the model
contribution rate of the driving information to creation of the
individual driving model is changed in accordance with the intersection
data and the difference between the driving model used for the support
and the stored driving information. As a result, if the learning effect
is low since the driving operation of the driver is not much fluctuated,
for example, it may be so configured that the driving information is not
reflected in the individual driving model. That is, the individual
driving model is created efficiently.

[0151] (8) If the steering operation freedom is small such as when the
road width is small, for example, the driver performs the driving
operation of the vehicle within a limited steering operation range, and
thus the driving operation of the vehicle tends to be stable. That is,
the difference in the driving information as information relating to the
driving state generated between the driving operations is small.

[0152] Thus, as according to this configuration, if the steering operation
freedom is small and also if the difference between the driving model
selected as a model corresponding to the intersection, which is the
driving environment and the driving information, is small, the
contribution by the driving information is eliminated (the model
contribution rate of the driving information is reduced) when the
individual driving model is created (the learning result is reflected).
Accordingly, the driving model with a low learning effect in which
accuracy and the like are already maintained is not affected by the
driving information more than necessary. As a result, accuracy and
reliability of the individual driving model to be created is maintained.
By using such highly reliable individual driving model for the driving
support, suitable driving support is provided.

[0153] Particularly, if there is no contribution (the model contribution
rate of the driving information is "0 (zero)"), the driving information
does not contribute to the creation of the individual driving model.
Thus, calculation process required for the creation of the individual
driving model with the low learning effect and a storage region for
storing the created individual driving model are reduced, thereby
improving efficiency of the creation process of the individual driving
model.

[0154] (9) A highly practical individual driving model is suitably created
for an intersection with a great possibility that stability and
uncertainty of the driving state of the vehicle 10 might be largely
fluctuated by the driving operation of the driver. For example, by
configuring such that the driving information does not make contribution
(the model contribution rate of the driving information is made variable)
when it is indicated that the steering operation freedom by the driver is
small, accuracy and reliability of the driving model for the intersection
is maintained, and calculation required for creation of the driving model
and the like are reduced.

[0155] (10) As described above, if the steering operation freedom is small
such as when the road width is small and the like, for example, the
driver usually performs a driving operation of the vehicle within a
limited steering operation range. Therefore, the driving operation of the
vehicle tends to be stable, and the difference in the driving state of
the vehicle between the driving operations is small. In contrast, if the
steering operation freedom is large such as when the road width is large,
for example, the driver performs the driving operation of the vehicle
freely in a wide steering operation range. Therefore, the driving state
of the vehicle tends to be unstable, and it is highly likely that a large
difference is generated in the driving state of the vehicle between the
driving operations.

[0156] Thus, if the steering operation freedom is small, the driving
support is performed by using the standard driving model under the
condition that the individual driving model has not been learned, that
is, with smaller support contribution rate by the individual driving
model. As a result, when the driving operation of the vehicle by the
driver is stable since the steering operation freedom is small, the
driving support is performed in the form that does not become a nuisance
to the driving operation of the driver. That is, suitable driving support
is provided to the driver.

[0157] (11) If the steering operation freedom is small, that is, if the
difference in the driving state between the driving operations is small,
stable driving support without characteristics specific to the driver is
provided by performing the driving support on the basis of the standard
driving model prepared in advance under the condition that the individual
driving model has not been learned.

Third Embodiment

[0158] A driving support apparatus according to a third embodiment of the
present invention will be described by referring to FIGS. 15 to 16. The
driving support apparatus of this embodiment is different from the
above-described second embodiment in the steering freedom determination
process but the other configurations are similar. Thus, the differences
will be mainly described here, and for the illustrative purposes, the
same reference numerals are given to the same configurations and the
explanation thereof will be omitted. The driving support of this
embodiment may be applied not only to a right turn but also for the
driving support and the like for a left turn.

[0159] In the steering freedom determination process, the driving support
ECU 11 determines whether or not an exit direction from the current path
of the vehicle 10 is right (Step S60 in FIG. 16). The determination on
whether or not the vehicle 10 is turning right at the intersection is
made similarly to Step S11 in FIG. 7. That is, it is determined on the
facts that the path guidance of the automotive navigation system 20
indicates a right turn, the direction indicator indicates a right turn,
the vehicle usually makes a right turn on the path, deceleration is
started in a driving environment in which deceleration is not necessary,
a form of a driving operation of the driver resembles a standard model at
a right-turn operation and the like.

[0160] If the driving support ECU 11 determines that the exit direction of
the vehicle 10 is right (YES at Step S60 in FIG. 16), the driving support
ECU 11 determines whether or not the number of lanes on one side of the
exit road is 2 or more (Step S61 in FIG. 16). Whether or not the number
of lanes on one side of the exit road is 2 or more is determined from the
intersection data. If the driving support ECU 11 determines that the
number of lanes on one side of the exit road (including the lane Ls13
close to the road shoulder and the lane Ls14 close to the center) is 2 or
more as at the fourth intersection C4 (See FIG. 13 (b)) (YES at Step S61
in FIG. 16), the driving support ECU 11 determines that the steering
freedom is large, and the steering freedom determination process at Step
S33 in FIG. 11 is finished, for example.

[0161] In contrast, if the driving support ECU 11 determines that the
number of lanes on one side of the exit road is less than 2, that is, one
lane (NO at Step S61 in FIG. 16), the driving support ECU 11 determines
that the steering freedom is small and finishes the steering freedom
determination process at Step S33 in FIG. 11, for example.

[0162] On the other hand, if the driving support ECU 11 determines that
the exit direction of the vehicle 10 is not right (right turn), that is,
the exit direction is left (left turn) as at the fifth intersection C5
shown in FIG. 15 (NO at Step S60 in FIG. 16), the driving support ECU 11
determines whether or not the exit lane position of the exit road is
close to the center line (far side) of the exit road, for example, a lane
LS16 close to the center of the exit road (Step S64 in FIG. 16). If the
driving support ECU 11 determines that the exit lane is close to the
center line, that is, the lane Ls16 close to the center (YES at Step S64
in FIG. 16), the driving support ECU 11 determines that the steering
freedom is large and finishes the steering freedom determination process
at Step S33 in FIG. 11, for example.

[0163] In contrast, if the driving support ECU 11 determines that the exit
lane is not close to the center line of the exit road, that is, the exit
lane is a lane Ls15 close to the road shoulder (NO at Step S64 in FIG.
16), the driving support ECU 11 determines that the steering freedom is
small since the vehicle cannot enter the lane Ls15 close to the road
shoulder unless the steering is operated larger than the case of the lane
Ls16 close to the center. Then, the steering freedom determination
process at Step S33 in FIG. 11 is finished.

[0164] As a result, provision of suitable driving support and efficient
learning of an individual driving model used for the driving support are
realized.

[0165] As described above, with the driving support apparatus of this
embodiment, the advantages equal to or substantially equal to the
advantages (4) and (7) to (11) of the above-described first and second
embodiments are achieved and moreover, the following advantages are
achieved.

[0166] (12) The determination of the steering freedom of the vehicle 10
when turning right or left at an intersection is made suitably. As a
result, the driving support provided on the basis of the steering freedom
is provided suitably.

[0167] Each of the above-described embodiments may be put into practice in
the following forms, for example.

[0168] In each of the above-described embodiments, the example in which
the road map information used for the navigation process and the like is
stored in the HDD is illustrated. However, not limited to that, the road
map information may be stored in a storage medium such as a CD-ROM
(Compact Disk ROM), a DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) and the like instead
of or in addition to the HDD. The road map information stored in these
storage mediums and the like can be read through a drive device (not
shown), and thus, the road map information according to need can be
obtained by setting the storage medium in the drive device.

[0169] In each of the above-described embodiments, the example in which
the automotive navigation system 20 sends/receives map information and
the like to/from the database 21 is illustrated. However, not limited to
that, the automotive navigation system may have a database for storing
the map information and the like. Moreover, the automotive navigation
system 20 and the database 21 may directly communicate with each other.

[0170] In each of the above-described embodiments, the example in which
the infrastructure communication device 31 conducts optical communication
with the optical beacon device is illustrated. However, not limited to
that, the infrastructure communication device may conduct wireless
communication with another beacon device or VICS center or the like.
Moreover, the infrastructure communication device may be provided
separately; one for the beacon device and one for VICS center, and only
either one of the one for the beacon device and the one for VICS center
may be provided as long as necessary information is obtained.

[0171] In each of the above-described embodiments, the example in which
the driving support ECU 11 performs the creation process of the
individual driving model and the driving support is illustrated. However,
not limited to that, the driving support apparatus may be configured to
perform only either one of the creation process of the individual driving
model and various controls relating to the driving support. For example,
if the driving support ECU performs only the creation process of the
individual driving model, it functions as a driving model creation
apparatus that can create a suitable individual driving model according
to the driving environment. Moreover, for example, if the driving support
ECU performs the various controls relating to the driving support on the
basis of the driving model, it functions as a driving support apparatus
that can provide suitable driving support on the basis of the driving
model in accordance with the driving environment. As a result, freedom in
performance of the creation process of the individual driving model or
the driving support on the basis of the driving model is improved,
respectively.

[0172] In each of the above-described embodiments, the example in which
the driver is identified by setting the driver by using the automotive
navigation system 20 is illustrated. However, not limited to that, the
driver may be identified on the basis of information of an electronic key
and the like. That is, the information of the driver to be identified by
an ID of an electronic key on the basis of the information set in advance
may be used in the driving support ECU. As a result, an identification
work of the driver required for the creation process of the individual
driving model or the driving support using the individual driving model
is facilitated.

[0173] In FIG. 5 of each of the above-described embodiments, the items of
the intersection data 51A are exemplified, but a part of the exemplified
items of the items of the intersection data does not have to be provided
or another item may be included as long as the creation process of the
individual driving model or performance of the driving support is not
obstructed. As a result, design freedom of the intersection data is
improved.

[0174] In FIG. 3 of each of the above-described embodiments, the example
in which the individual driving models MC1 to MC6 are created for each of
the intersections C1 to C6 is illustrated. However, not limited to that,
the same individual driving model may be shared by the intersections
classified as the same intersection by the intersection category by
utilizing the intersection categories. As a result, the number of the
individual driving models can be reduced, and reduction of the storage
capacity of the database and the like can be realized.

[0175] Similarly, regarding the normative driving model MCs, the general
driving model MCu, and the calculated driving model MCx in FIG. 6, the
same driving model may be used for each of the intersections classified
as the same intersection by the intersection category. As a result, the
number of the individual driving models can be reduced, and reduction of
the storage capacity of the database and the like can be realized.

[0176] In the above-described embodiments, the example in which the
normative driving model MCs or the like is used as a driving model
prepared in advance. However, not limited to that, a driving model used
for driving support for fuel-efficient driving or for "ecology-conscious
driving" may be included as the driving model prepared in advance. As a
result, the types of the driving models used for the driving support
increases, and freedom and convenience of the driving support are
improved.

[0177] FIG. 3 in each of the above-described embodiments illustrates a
case where the intersection category is included in the intersection list
50 as an example, but not limited to that, the intersection category does
not have to be included.

[0178] In each of the above-described embodiments, the example in which
the creation process of the individual driving model and provision of the
driving support for an intersection are performed is illustrated.
However, not limited to that, the creation process of the individual
driving model may be performed or the driving support may be provided for
a curve, which is a driving environment in which the driving information
of a vehicle is largely fluctuated. As a result, probability of
application of the creation process of the individual driving model or
provision of the driving support in the driving environment of a vehicle
are improved. Then, the targets to which the driving support apparatus is
applied are expanded, whereby the convenience and freedom are improved.

[0179] In each of the above-described embodiments, the case in which
either of the individual driving model or the standard driving model is
selected and used for the driving support is illustrated. However, not
limited to that, the individual driving model and the standard driving
model may be used at the same time for the driving support. For example,
a driving model obtained by synthesizing the individual driving model and
the standard driving model at a predetermined ratio may be used for the
driving support. In this case, when the driving model to be used for the
driving support is set, the support contribution rate of the individual
driving model and the support contribution rate of the standard driving
model are calculated respectively as shown in FIG. 17 (Step S70 in FIG.
17). Then, the driving model obtained by synthesizing the standard
driving model at the ratio corresponding to the calculated support
contribution rate (Step S71 in FIG. 17) and the individual driving model
at a ratio corresponding to the calculated support contribution rate
(Step S72 in FIG. 17) may be created (Step S73 in FIG. 17).

[0180] The support contribution rate of the driving model may be reduced
if the degree of learning of the individual driving model is low or may
be made larger if the degree of learning of the individual driving model
is high. Moreover, the support contribution rate of the driving model may
be reduced if the degree of similarity of the standard driving model to
the driving environment is low or may be made larger if the degree of
similarity is high. The support contribution rate of each driving model
may be calculated under any condition as long as a driving model suitable
for the driving support can be calculated. That is, the support
contribution rate of the driving model may be changed finely to an
arbitrary value between 0% and 100%.

[0181] As a result, design freedom of the driving model used for the
driving support is markedly improved, and the driving support is also
provided more suitably.

[0182] According to the above-described first embodiment, the example in
which the driving model is learned if there is the intersection mark 51
is illustrated. However, not limited to that, the learning process of the
driving model may be performed on condition of arbitrary one of or
combination of two or more of road markings such as the intersection
mark, the right-turn auxiliary line, the center line, the stop line, the
traffic lane line, the pedestrian crossing and the like. As a result, the
design freedom of the learning process of the driving model is improved.

[0183] Moreover, if a plurality of conditions are used for the learning
process of the driving model, the ratio of the driving information
reflected in the learning, that is, the model contribution rate of the
driving information may be changed to finer numerical values (an
arbitrary value between 0% and 100%) on the basis of the number of
satisfied conditions or weight of each condition. For example, if many
conditions are satisfied, the model contribution rate of the driving
information may be made larger, while if fewer conditions are satisfied,
the model contribution rate of the driving information may be reduced.
The support contribution rate of the driving model may be changed finely
to an arbitrary value between 0% to 100%.

[0184] As a result, the individual driving model whose model contribution
rate of the driving information is made variable is created in accordance
with the information of the road marking included in the intersection
data as the road information. As a result, regarding the driving
information in the driving environment that is determined to be not
suitable for creation of the individual driving model since fluctuation
in the driving operation of the driver is large, the model contribution
rate of the driving information may be lowered while fine numerical
values are set so as to reduce the degree of influence and the like. That
is, the individual driving model can be created as a model more suitable
for the driving environment of the vehicle and more suitable driving
support can be provided by means of this individual driving model.

DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0185] 10 vehicle

[0186] 11 driving support control computer (driving
support ECU)

[0187] 12 brake control computer (brake ECU)

[0188] 13
engine control computer (engine ECU)

[0189] 14 steering control computer
(steering ECU)

[0190] 20 automotive navigation system

[0191] 21 database

[0192] 25 speaker

[0193] 30 inter-vehicle communication device

[0194] 31
infrastructure communication device

[0195] 32 global positioning system
(GPS)

[0196] 33 onboard camera

[0197] 34 onboard radar

[0198] 40
vehicle-speed sensor

[0199] 41 acceleration sensor

[0200] 42 gyro sensor

[0201] 43 brake sensor

[0202] 44 accelerator sensor

[0203] 45 steering
angle sensor

[0204] 50 intersection list

[0205] 51 intersection mark

[0206] 51A intersection data

[0207] 52 right-turn auxiliary line

[0208]
53 center line

[0209] 54 stop line

[0210] 55 pedestrian crossing

[0211]
56 center line

[0212] 57 traffic lane line

[0213] 60a to 60d corner

[0214] 110 driving information process unit

[0215] 111 individual driving
model creation process unit

[0216] 112 driving support performing unit

[0217] 210 driving information storage unit

[0218] 211 driving model
storage unit

[0219] C1 to C6 intersection

[0220] R1 road

[0221] R2 road

[0222] MC1 to MC6 individual driving model

[0223] MC1a individual driving
model

[0224] MCs normative driving model

[0225] MCu general driving model

[0226] MCx calculated driving model

Patent applications by Yuki Yamada, Susono-Shi JP

Patent applications by TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA

Patent applications in class SIMULATING NONELECTRICAL DEVICE OR SYSTEM

Patent applications in all subclasses SIMULATING NONELECTRICAL DEVICE OR SYSTEM