Card Range To Study

81 Cards in this Set

It states the understandings of time and space are continued by the structure of language.

Franz Boas was from:

Germany

NAGPRA stands for

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act

How does cultural anthropology differ from other social science disciplines?

Anthropologists live among the individuals they are studying rather than observing from a distance or in specializing sessions.

Ethnocentrism

The attitude that the customs and beliefs of one's own culture are superior to that of other cultures

What was the primary purpose of the Northwest Coast potlatch?

To show off prestige and wealth by redistributing goods

Bronislaw Malinowski did the majority of his fieldwork in:

Papu New Guinea

Which of the following characteristics are common to ALL languages?

A well-defined system of sounds, finite in number, all languages can be used for abstract thought, a vocabulary that can expand as necessitated by cultural change

How can the documentation of native cultures by anthropologists be problematic?

If a culture changes, people may be viewed as no longer being "native" or "traditional"

Slash and burn agriculture is often associated with what disease?

Malaria

Culture is socially transmitted and learned starting at infancy through a process called

Enculturation

A Creole language is:

An established Pidgin that has its own grammar rules

What are the four subfields of anthropology?

Linguistics
Cultural
Physical
Archaeological

A redistributive economy is where

Two individuals or groups pass objects back and forth with the goal of 1. helping someone 2. creating, maintaining or strengthening social relationships or 3. obtaining objects

Members of an organized group contribute products or money into a common pool or fund; a central authority makes decisions about how the products will be reallocated

What is on result of domestication?

Settlement size increased.

How can the study of Primatology be controversial?

It can be used to justify human behaviors including rape, male dominance and violence.

Archaeology is

the study of human past (historic and prehistoric)

CRM stands for

Cultural Resource Management

What is NOT a study for a linguistic anthropologist?

Communication between non-human primates

The first modern-looking humans evolved in __________ roughly ___________ years ago and spread throughout the world.

Africa, 150,000 years ago

Noam Chomsky speculated that

There may be a universal grammar

AAVE/BEV is

Ebonics

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis has two versions; they are:

Strong and weak

What is NOT a part of non-verbal communication?

A verbal greeting

Unilineal Evolutionists believed that

All human populations are at the same stage in cultural evolution and human biological evolution could be applied to cultures

By the early 20th century, fieldwork and ethnographic research and become the hallmark of cultural anthropology, as pioneered by:

Franz Boas

Franz Boas did NOT support

Ethnocentrism

Funtionalism

a theory in anthropology that analyzes cultural elements in terms of their useful effects to individuals or to the persistence of the whole society.

The two main proponents of Funtionalism were

Bronislaw Malinowski and A.R. Radcliffe-Brown

A cultural anthropologist is first and foremost responsible to

The people/community they are studying

founding father of American Anthropology

Franz Boas

T/F Marc Bogioli conducted his research in rural Maine

Fasle

t/f the hunters that Bogioli conducted research with believed that hunting is important for controlling deer population

True

t/f the hunters almost universally expressed great admiration and affection for the animals they were hunting

True

t/f most of the hunters Boglioli worked with believed that it was unnatural for humans to kill wild animals

False

t/f Keith Basso studied the Northern Arapaho

False

t/f Basso found that people remain silent during interactions which could be characterized as being unpredictable or when the relationship is ambiguious.

True

Basso found that parents typically engage in conversation immediately when a child returns from boarding school

False

Basso also attributed Native American silence to lack of personal warmth

false

Basso noted that members of this group remain silent when conducting ceremonies including the Kachina and Rain dances

false

Basso indicated that people suffering from intense grief are considered to be disturbed and unstalbe

true

Julian Steward believed that technology and the environment had little effect on cultures

false

while communication among animals is critical to their survival, it is quite limited compared to human language

true

the problem of history is that it is written by people who have little understanding of cultures besides their own and subscribe to the theory of Unilineal Evolution

false

according to the tenets of Postmodernism, anthropological research can never be truly objective

true

cultural anthropologists never study their own cultures

false

What is bilateral descent?

both maternal and paternal lines are used as a basis for reckoning descent and for establishing the rights and obligations of kinship.

What is a descent group?

a group of kin who are descendants of a common ancestor, extending beyond two generations

exogamy

a rule specifying that a person must marry outside a particular group

totem

an animal, plant or other aspect of the natural world held to be ancestral or to have other intimate relationships with members of the group.

Unilineal descent

descent group membership based on links through either maternal or paternal line, but not both.

Ego

the person describing the family or the perspective of that person. Starting point in the kinship chart.

Matrilocal

in a matrilineal system, a matrilocal rule of residence is in place where a man goes to live with or near his wife's kin after marriage. Patrilocal is opposite.

Endogamy

a rule prescribing that a person must marry within a particular group

Vision Quest

a practice common among many native american groups in which individuals seek to achieve direct contact with the supernatural.

Cultural construction of gender

the idea that gender characteristics are the result of historical, economic and political forces within eachother.

Feminist anthropology

a theoretical perspective that focuses on describing and explaining the social roles of women.

Gender

a cultural construction that makes biological and physical differences between male and female into socially meaningful categories. See also cultural construction of gender.

Gender role

cultural expectations of men and women in particular societies. Include expectations about the natural abilities of a man and a woman, personality, etc. Private and natural dichotomies for women and public and cultural dichotomies for men.

Hijab

a widespread term used for the head covering worn by some Muslim women as a part of modest dress

rite of passage

a ritual that moves an individual from one social status to another. Usually from boyhood to manhood through endurance of rituals portraying masculine features.

Sex vs. Gender

sex: biologically determined
gender: culturally determined

Two spirit role

an alternative gender role in native north america

animism

the notion that all objects, living and nonliving, are imbued with spirits

contagious magic

the belief that things, once in contact with a person or object, retain invisible connections with that person or object. Ex: Voudou if clothing or hair is attached.

Cosmology

a system of beliefs that deals with the fundamental questions in the religious and social order; sets of principles or beliefs about the nature of life and death, creation, origin of society, relationships of individuals and groups to one another, etc. Give meaning to the lives of the followers or believers.

Imitative magic

the belief that imitating an action in a religious ritual will cause the action to happen in the material world. Ex: baptism

Liminal

In between stage and the actions, clothing and speech associated with it, Defined by Victor Turner. Ex: graduation or wedding.

shaman

an individual who is socially recognized as having the ability to mediate between the world of humanity and the world of the gods or spirits but who is not a recognized official of any religious organization.

Rite of intensification

a ritual structured to reinforce the values and norms of a community and to strengthen group identity

Sacred narratives

stories held to be holy and true by members of a religious tradition. Usually a moral lesson story, often explaining the questions of life such as creation. A lot of times can only be started or finished at certain times of the year

Trickster

a supernatural entity that does not act in the best interest of the humans

Civilizing mission

the notion that colonialism was a duty for the Europeans and a benefit for the colonized.

Colonialism

the active possession of a foreign territory and the maintenance of political domination over that territory.

Dutch East India Company

a joint stock company chartered by the Dutch government to control all Dutch trade in the Indian and Pacifica Oceans.

Monoculture Plantation

an agricultural plantation specializing in the large-scale production of a single crop to be sold on the market.

Basic human needs approach

projects aimed at providing access to clean water, education and health care for the poorest of the world's people

Gross National Income (GNI)

the total value of all goods and services in a country

World Bank

Officially called the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, an international agency that provides technical assistance and loans to promote international trade and economic development in poor nations.

Pillage

to strip an area of money, goods or raw materials througt the threat or use of physical violence.

Modernization Theory

a model of development that predicts that nonindustrial societies will move in the social and technological direction of industrialized nations.