..Taken together, these data suggest that PDE3B and PDE4 regulate cAMP pools that affect the activation/phosphorylation state of AMPK and that the effects of cyclic AMP on AMPK involve Epac1, PKA and lipolysis...

..We conclude that islet DPP-4 is species-specifically expressed in α-cell and β-cell dominant patterns in several species and both patterns remained robust in enzyme activity during short-term metabolic challenge. ..

Incretin and islet hormone responses to meals of increasing size in healthy subjects

..Carriers of the GIPR rs10423928 A allele showed protective properties via reduced GIP effects. Identification of this unprecedented link between GIP and OPN in adipose tissue might open new avenues for therapeutic interventions...

Pleiotropic mechanisms for the glucose-lowering action of DPP-4 inhibitors