Authors:

Department of ENT, King AbdulAziz University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Dorsal augmentation with synthetic implants is the most commonly performed rhinoplasty procedure, especially in the East-Asian region. However, as in all other surgical procedures, complications are inevitable. Complications that need to be managed surgically include displacement, deviation, suboptimal aesthetic outcome, extrusion, inflammation, infection, and changes in skin quality. Read More

Authors:

Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.

Importance: Cell seeding throughout the thickness of a nanofiber construct allows for patient-specific implant alternatives with long-lasting effects, earlier integration, and reduced inflammation when compared with traditional implants. Cell seeding may improve implant integration with host tissue; however, the effect of cell seeding on thick nanofiber constructs has not been studied.

Objective: To use a novel cell-preseeded nanofiber tissue engineering technique to create a 3-dimensional biocompatible implant alternative to decellularized extracellular matrix. Read More

As esthetics gain importance, periodontal plastic surgical procedures involving soft tissue grafts are becoming commoner both around natural teeth as well as around implants. Periodontal soft tissue grafts are primarily used for the purpose of root coverage and in pre-prosthetic surgery to thicken a gingival site or to improve the crestal volume. Soft tissue grafts are usually harvested from the palate. Read More

Authors:

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Background: The use of acellular dermal matrices has been well described in the scientific literature since the early 1990 s and has been utilized for multiple applications in the head and neck for both aesthetic and reconstructive efforts.

Methods: After systematically searching the PubMed database and following further refinement (based on the authors' inclusion and exclusion criteria), the authors identified 30 studies that provided information about patients who had undergone head and neck reconstruction with the use of acellular dermal matrix. Studies had to report quantifiable objective results in patients who were older than 1 year and younger than 90 years. Read More

Authors:

Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.

Background: With advances in dental technology, the placement of immediate implants has progressively gained popularity. However, a common complication that surfaced was mid-facial mucosal recession, which impaired esthetic outcomes. The use of soft tissue grafts has thus been introduced to manage and prevent this undesirable result. Read More

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes after 2 years with bone level implants placed to restore a single missing teeth that needed simultaneous augmentation and were treated with a transmucosal or submerged approach.

Methods: This study analyzed a subset of patients included in an ongoing prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial (RCT) involving12 centers where patients were to be followed-up to 5 years after loading. Of the 120 implants that were placed in the original study, and randomly assigned to submerged or non-submerged healing, 52 needed simultaneous augmentation (28 women patients and 24 men patients, between 23 and 78 years of age). Read More

Authors:

Division of Plastic Surgery and Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201, USA.

Background And Purpose: Some of the most problematic craniofacial injuries in pediatric plastic surgery are large calvarial defects in children who have passed the age of maximal dural osteogenic potential and yet are too young to yield split calvarial grafts. Porous polyethylene (Medpor; Porex) is an alloplastic material that can be customized to precisely match a cranial defect. We present a clinical series that demonstrates successful use of porous polyethylene cranioplasties in large pediatric cranial defects. Read More

Authors:

Immediate implant placement combined with hard and soft tissue grafting has been suggested because it may preclude dramatic postextraction bone loss and may decrease overall discomfort with reduction in the number of surgeries and in treatment time. In this case report, the acellular dermal matrix was used as a membrane for immediate implantation via a bone augmentation procedure in an esthetically challenging situation. The author suggests that this surgical technique provides the clinician with an option for an immediate implant therapy when primary closure is not intended. Read More

Authors:

Dental implants are becoming the treatment of choice to replace missing teeth, especially if the adjacent teeth are free of restorations. When minimal bone width is present, implant placement becomes a challenge and often resulting in recession and dehiscence around the implant that leads to subsequent gingival recession. To correct such defect, the author turned to soft tissue autografting and allografting to correct a buccal dehiscence around tooth #24 after a malpositioned implant placed by a different surgeon. Read More

Authors:

Department of Oral-and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, University of Jena, Germany.

The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the problem of infection and pro-fibrotic tissue rearrangement around artificial devices used for soft tissue augmentation. An allogenous, acellularized dermal matrix (aADM) was implanted into subcutaneous pockets at the groin in 10 male Wistar rats. After 7 or 14 days, tissue specimens were obtained and analyzed for transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by immunoblotting as well as alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-and endoglin (CD105)-expression by immunohistochemistry. Read More

Authors:

Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Aim: The aim of the present review was to systematically assess the dental literature in terms of soft tissue grafting techniques. The focused question was: is one method superior over others for augmentation and stability of the augmented soft tissue in terms of increasing the width of keratinized tissue (part 1) and gain in soft tissue volume (part 2).

Methods: A Medline search was performed for human studies focusing on augmentation of keratinized tissue and/or soft tissue volume, and complemented by additional hand searching. Read More

Authors:

The use of membranes with immediate implantation is frequently debated. Differences of opinion occur as to whether membranes should or should not be placed; and when a decision is made to actually place a membrane, there are differences of opinion as to when, and how to place what membrane. This article presents a comparison between the use of resorbable and nonresorbable membranes in immediate implant placement situations and their selection criteria. Read More

Authors:

Department of Periodontics, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Uthandi, India.

Complete prosthetic rehabilitation using implants require the presence of adequate dimensions of alveolar bone. Ridge augmentation procedures include the use of guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures where the barrier membrane provides cell occlusion and space for the regenerating tissues. Alloderm GBR has been introduced for the purpose of augmenting bone and has been postulated to have the additionally ability to integrate into soft tissues. Read More

Authors:

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.

Background: Posterior pharyngeal augmentation is a recognized treatment for velopharyngeal insufficiency in selected candidates. To date, however, the procedure has failed to gain widespread acceptance because of the absence of an implant material with sufficient safety, durability, and biocompatibility. In this study, the use of micronized acellular dermal matrix injection for augmentation of the posterior pharynx was investigated. Read More

Authors:

Department of Plastic Surgery and the Center for Advanced Medical Education by BK21 Project, Inha University College of Medicine, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon, Seoul, Korea.

The purpose of this study was to compare the volumetric and histologic changes of the acellular cadaveric dermis, lyophilized bovine pericardium, irradiated bovine tendon, and autologous cartilage transplanted subcutaneously in the rats. Four different kinds of implants were placed in subcutaneous pockets of the dorsum of 40 Wister rats. The implants with the subcutaneous pockets were retrieved in the first, fourth, eighth, and 12th weeks after implantation. Read More

Authors:

Necrotizing fasciitis and purpura fulminans are two destructive infections that involve both skin and soft tissue. Necrotizing fasciitis is characterized by widespread necrosis of subcutaneous tissue and the fascia. Historically, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus has been identified as a major cause of this infection. Read More

Authors:

Soft tissue replacement using a filler as a temporary scaffold to encourage revascularization and tissue in growth is an exciting concept. Sheets of acellular human dermal matrix, called Alloderm (Lifecell Corp, Branchburg, NJ), have been shown to do just that. When implanted into a patient, tissue growth and revascularization have both been observed. Read More

Authors:

Periodontitis is characterized by the formation of periodontal pockets and bone loss. Although the basic treatment emphasizes the control of bacterial plaque, the clinician is confronted with the need to correct soft and/or hard tissue defects that develop as a consequence of the disease. This article reviews the current status of regenerative approaches in treating soft and hard tissue defects (based mainly on findings from our own laboratory) and assessed the global applicability of these procedures. Read More

Authors:

Soft tissue healing plays a significant role in determining the outcome of implant and other osseous surgery. A variety of methods is required to accomplish primary soft tissue closure. These include the techniques of undermining; free grafting, both full and split thickness; and pedicle grafting. Read More

Authors:

The features of the nose, mentum, and malar complex define a person's profile and give the essence of character to the visage. Whether profile deficiencies are due to congenital, traumatic, or aging factors, facial plastic surgeons are able to meet patients' and their own exacting demands more thoroughly with skeletal implants. Although the search for the perfect implant continues, today's armamentarium of implant materials is vast and, with appropriate selection and attention to technique, facial skeletal implants can be successful in creating change impossible to obtain with soft tissue techniques alone. Read More

Authors:

The success of bone grafting procedures depends largely on the management and integrity of the gingival flaps. Soft tissues aid in the protection of the bone graft, participate in the revascularization of the newly formed hard tissues, and play an important role in the esthetic outcome of the reconstructive phase. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is a material obtained from human skin and used in plastic and reconstructive surgery as an allograft. Read More

Authors:

Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, USA.

Purpose: To describe the uses and determine the safety of a commercially available acellular dermal allograft in ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery. The existing literature regarding current applications and results using acellular dermal allograft is reviewed.

Methods: The study design was a retrospective, noncomparative case series. Read More

Authors:

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA.

Background: Injectable synthetic materials have been used for augmentation of soft tissue defects, correction of wrinkles, and augmentation of facial features such as the nasal dorsum. Success has been limited by inflammatory reactions, material migration, and the difficulty of removal should complications occur.

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