Pensacola Beach: history in photos

Pensacolians and visitors alike have always been drawn to the beach no matter what era. While beach lovers have been a constant for more than a century, there have been many changes to Pensacola Beach, which today is recognized as one of the best beaches in America.

Let’s take a look at Pensacola Beach’s history through vintage photos and discover just how much our local treasure has changed over the years.

View of Santa Rosa Island and Pensacola Beach (c. 1940) with features of the pier and original Casino, before development. (UWF Archives/Special to The Pulse)

Remember Pensacola Beach before cars and traffic? Remember the days when there were just a few buildings on the island and the rest of it was pristine and untouched?

The first bridges linking Pensacola to Gulf Breeze and Pensacola Beach opened in 1931. Before then, the only way to reach the island and its beautiful sugar-sand beaches was by boat. Santa Rosa Island has been central in Pensacola’s history — from the Native American settlements that date back two millennia, to the Spanish settlement on the island in the 18th century, to the Battle of Santa Rosa Island during the Civil War.

But Pensacola Beach as we know it today began when the bridges opened on June 13, 1931.

The first Pensacola Bay Bridge shortly before it opened in 1931. (University of West Florida Archives/Special to the Pulse)

In the 1920s, Pensacolian O.H.L. Wernicke became fixated on the idea of pair of bridges connecting Pensacola with the Fairpoint Peninsula and Santa Rosa Island. Wernicke invested $50,000 of his own money to seed the project, which eventually led to the formation of the Pensacola Bridge Company. Unfortunately, Wernicke died of a heart attack in August 1930, less than a year before the bridges opened.

The original three-mile bridge spanning Pensacola Bay — built at a cost of $2 million — was a reinforced concrete structure made of up 293 spans, with an 80-foot drawbridge section in the middle. After the new, four-lane Philip Dane Beall Sr. Memorial Bridge was opened in 1962, the old bridge was converted to a fishing pier and remained in service until being heavily damaged by Hurricane Ivan in 2004.

The first Pensacola Bay Bridge shortly before it opened in 1931. (University of West Florida Archives/Special to the Pulse)

When it opened in 1931, the first Pensacola Bay Bridge had a toll. Bridge-crossers could buy monthly permits for five dollars — the equivalent of nearly $78 in today’s money. Pensacolian Thomas A. Johnson abolished the toll during his tenure as secretary of the Florida Department of Transportation in the 1940s; the bridge was renamed in his honor in 1948.

The Pensacola Beach Casino opened alongside the bridges on June 13, 1931. (University of West Florida Archives/Special to the Pulse)

The Pensacola Beach Casino opened alongside the two bridges in June 1931. “The Casino on Santa Rosa Island is a splendid building of reinforced concrete and hollow tile structure with its floors elevated 18 feet above sea level,” wrote the Frisco Employees’ Magazine. “Its bath house accommodates 500 persons, its dining room 300, and its dance hall 200. A fishing pier 1,200 feet long is in process of completion, and reaches from the casino out into the gulf where water is 22 feet deep.”

Despite the name, the Casino was a recreational complex, not a gambling destination. The facility was built by the bridge developers at a cost of $150,000 — about $2.3 million in today’s dollars.

Beachgoers sit under umbrellas at the Pensacola Beach Casino. (University of West Florida Archives/Special to the Pulse)

The bridges and the Casino were inaugurated with great fanfare. On the morning on June 13, 1931, a parade marched from Pensacola across the two bridges to the Casino, where an all-day program was held. The Frisco Employees’ Magazine recounted the events:

First on the program was the official dedication ceremony at the Casino. Addresses were made by Secretary of State for Florida R. A. Gray, representing Governor Doyle Carlton, who was unable to attend; Major-General Lyttle Brown, chief of the U. S. Army Engineers, who spoke in behalf of Secretary of War Patrick Hurley; Cary D. Landis, attorney-general of Florida; Birch O. Mahaffey of St. Louis, one of the financial backers of the project, and A. C. Blount, president of Pensacola’s Chamber of Commerce. Rear Admiral T. P. Magruder, commanding the Eighth Naval district of which Pensacola is a part, delivered the final address of the ceremony. Both the U. S. Naval Station and Thirteenth Coast Artillery Bands furnished music for the event, and Mr. J. E. Yonge presided as master of ceremonies.

The Pensacola Beach Casino, circa 1930s. (University of West Florida Archives/Special to the Pulse)

After the ceremony the crowd, numbering many thousands of people, inspected the Casino proper and soon the surf was filled with shouting children and smiling grownups enjoying the cool waters of the Gulf of Mexico. A dinner was served in the Casino dining room at noon, and at 2 o’clock, a program of boat races began in Santa Rosa Sound, under the direction of R. G. Patterson, commodore of the Pensacola Yacht Club. Skippers from eight of the gulf coast yacht clubs competed with skippers from the Pensacola club and the Naval Alr Station in a series of fish class sloop races. Later in the afternoon a program of motor boat races was run. Following these events a lull in the official program provided time for another plunge in the surf until dinner was served.

The night program was fully as thrilling as that of the daylight hours. An anti-aircraft battery from the coast artillery post at Fort Barrancas gave an exhibition of searchlight and anti-aircraft firing. Tracer bullets were used and the spectacle was of great interest to the throngs of witnesses. Following the gun fire, a huge display of fireworks consumed an hour and then the program brought most of the throng into the Casino or on its cooling verandas, where dancing continued until well past midnight.

A rare look inside the Pensacola Beach Casino, circa 1930s. (University of West Florida Archives/Special to the Pulse)

When the Pensacola Beach Casino first opened in 1931, utilities like water and power hadn’t yet been extended to the island. The complex relied on trucked-in water and generated power; the facility’s generator building can be seen in the above photo to the right of the main building.

A crowd gathers at the Pensacola Beach Casino to watch a boxing match. (University of West Florida Archives/Special to the Pulse)

Boxing matches sponsored by the YMCA were held at the Casino on Tuesdays. Other events hosted at the Casino included the Miss Florida beauty pageant and fishing tournaments. Though the building was razed in 1972, the island’s main public beach continues to bear the name Casino Beach.

A boxing match underway at the Pensacola Beach Casino. (University of West Florida Archives/Special to the Pulse)

Pensacola photographer Charles T. Cottrell captured the above scene, along with the rest of the photographs in this collection. Cottrell took tens of thousands of photographs over his five-decade career, leaving behind more than five tons of glass negatives in his Palafox Street studio when he retired. Many of those negatives were later purchased by Philip A. Pfeiffer, who donated them to the University of West Florida in 2013.

The Pensacola Beach Casino and its pier were essentially the only structures on the island in the 1930s. (University of West Florida Archives/Special to the Pulse)

Before Pensacola Beach’s famous beach ball water tower, there was, well, just a plain old water tower. The beach’s original pier, seen above, made it all the way to the turn of the century, but after being battered by Hurricanes Erin and Opal, officials decided to replace the pier in 1998. Completed in 2000, the newer pier is wider, taller, and until 2009 was the longest pier on the Gulf Coast.

Crowds enjoying Casino Beach in the 1930s. (University of West Florida Archives/Special to the Pulse)

The more things change, the more they stay the same. The scene above isn’t all that different than one you’d see today — sure, the bathing suits are different, and there are a few high-rise hotels in the picture now, but the sight of families enjoying Pensacola Beach has been a pretty constant one since those bridges opened in 1931. The Casino may be gone, but now there’s the Casino Beach Bar, the Sandshaker, Sidelines, and other newer legends.

Young ladies at Pensacola Beach sitting atop a sign for the Child Restaurant, circa 1935. (University of West Florida Archives/Special to the Pulse)

14 Responses

WOW. This was amazing travel through time. Thanks for sharing. I moved here 7 years ago from busy Atlanta. My trips were here as a kid growing up. Only I never saw the pristine beach shown in your photos.

My mother took several of us children to the Beach the afternoon of opening day. I was five years old. Later, when in High school, we rode bicycles to the beach on Saturdays, took a lunch and stayed most of the day. We ate our lunch in a tavern and bought R.C. Colas for 5 cents.

Thank you for the wonderful photos and memories of the beach before modern times hit. Though I wasn’t born for another 20 years, the island didn’t seem to change that much by then. It is still my favorite beach that i have sunk my toes in and will always love and brag about how beautiful it is. I miss it.

Thank you for sharing these old photos of Pensacola Beach. I remember going to the beach with my parents in the early 1960’s and remember it looking similar to some of the above pictures. I started surfing at the beach in the summer of 1963 thanks to a young man who would become a dear friend, Yancy Spencer 3rd. A lot has changed over the years but still remains a very popular place to surf, eat and enjoy the outdoor life.

My family would vacation to Pensacola in the40-50’s when I was a 5-10 year old. There was a “tourist court” where the office building now stands at the north end of the Gulf Breeze bridge. Primitive, lots of sand in the “cottages” , no A/C, but it was great!!

My family & I were just looking at some old (1947) pictures right by the fishing pier & showing the Casino. My husband & I use to dance at the Casino also back in the early 60’s before they tore it down. Husband talks about their shark fishing days on the fishing pier at night in the 50’s when they were teenagers. Wonderful Pensacola Beach memories. We have Heaven right here in Pensacola!!

I remember my parents pulling their dune buggy from Birmingham in the early 70s to the beach,and seeing the white casino building is a memory of mine,as well as riding dune buggies all over the dunes.what fond memories for a boy of 10!!!

Does anyone have pictures of the sound side dock with the high dive and low diving boards at the end of it? This is where I learned how to swim. I was so proud of myself when I got up enough nerve to dive off the high dive!