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Has a D-25-hydroxylase activity on both forms of vitamin D, vitamin D(2) and D(3).

This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This enzyme is a microsomal vitamin D hydroxylase that converts vitamin D into the active ligand for the vitamin D receptor. A mutation in this gene has been associated with selective 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Found a significant upregulation of the CYP2R1 gene in human brain pericytes challenged with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma. Results suggest the existence of an autocrine/paracrine vitamin D system in the neurovascular unit.

genetic association studies in populations in Denmark: Data suggest that an SNP in CYP2R1 (rs10741657) is associated with response to either UVB treatment or vitamin D3 fortification of bread and milk in prevention of vitamin D deficiency in winter.

Common variants in CYP2R1 and GC genes are both determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations after UVB irradiation and after consumption of vitamin D?-fortified bread and milk during winter in Denmark.