Groundbreaking for the building occurred in June 2011 and occupancy is expected to commence in 2013. The tower is designed by the architectural firm of bKL Architecture LLC, while Magellan Development Group is the developer along with its equity partner, JPMorgan Asset Management. James McHugh Construction Co., which has constructed six buildings at Lakeshore East, is the general contractor for the new tower.[4] Magellan was informed by the City of Chicago that it would not be granted public way permits for scaffolding during May 2012 due to the 2012 NATO Summit held in Chicago. They also spoke with the Federal Bureau of Investigation and United States Secret Service on the issue and did not apply for permits after gathering information.[5] In November 2011, the designing architectural firm disbanded. Chicago Tribune architecture critic Blair Kamin has described the building as "a boxy, 49-story, metal-and-glass apartment tower".[6] Coast will comprise 499 apartments, 18,000 square feet (1,700 m2) retail space, a 272-car parking facility, amenities such as an outdoor pool and landscaped deck, a fitness center, resident lounge, business center, media room, and an indoor spa. As of June 2011 initial occupancy was targeted for February 2013.[3] In February 2013, leasing offices opened for occupancy beginning in March 2013.[2]

1.
Wacker Drive
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Wacker Drive is a major street in Chicago, Illinois, United States, running along the south side of the main branch and the east side of the south branch of the Chicago River. The vast majority of it is double-decked, the upper level intended for traffic. It is sometimes cited as a precursor to the modern freeway and it is the only street in the city that is prefixed with all four cardinal directions, albeit on different parts of its route. The upper level is known as Upper Wacker Drive and the lower level is Lower Wacker Drive. A short part has a level, sometimes called Lower Lower Wacker Drive. In 1909, architects Daniel Burnham and Edward H. Bennett drew up a plan for the Commercial Club of Chicago to unify the citys urban design, the improvement of traffic flow in Chicago was a major part of the plan. Charles H. Wacker, chairman of the Chicago Plan Commission, the original double-decker road, replacing South Water and River Streets, was completed in 1926 at a cost of $8 million and named after Charles Wacker. The 1926 section stretched from Lake Street to Michigan Avenue, the latter of which was rebuilt into a two-level road. An extension south to Congress Parkway and Harrison Street was built between 1948 and 1954, replacing Market Street, extensions east were built in 1963 and 1975, with the latter taking it to Lake Shore Drive, and a new lower level starting at Stetson Avenue. At the time, Lake Shore Drive had an S-curve at the river and this S-curve was on a viaduct over the Illinois Central Railroads rail yard, and was at the level of Upper Wacker, the middle and lower levels dead-ended at that point. The current alignment of Lake Shore Drive was finished in 1986, the ramps to bring upper traffic down had already been built, upper has been dead-ended where it used to end at Lake Shore Drive. In 2001-2002, Wacker Drive was redesigned and reconstructed between Michigan Avenue and Randolph Street, the original upper deck was crumbling, and the entire roadway did not meet modern standards for road widths and clearances. Using a specially-developed flat-slab, longitudinally post-tensioned, reinforced, high-performance concrete cast-in-place system, walkways along the river were meant to make the drive more pedestrian-friendly, while restoration of historic limestone elements and reproduction lighting evoked the drives original 1926 appearance. The 20-month, $200-million project was completed on time and within budget, in spring of 2010, work commenced on rebuilding the north-south section of Wacker, from Randolph Street to Congress Parkway, including the upper and lower levels. This is a continuation of the Revive Wacker Drive project started in 2001, Wacker is the only street to intersect both State Street and Madison Street, although Lake Shore Drive also crosses both dividing lines. In April 2014, The American Council of Engineering Companies awarded the Wacker Drive, the project team was led by TranSystems and included roadway, bridge and tunnel improvement work. The project involved complex staging to keep 135,000 vehicles and 150,000 pedestrians moving through the construction zone each day, the following streets intersect Wacker Drive, from south to north and west to east. Most upper-level streets that end at Wacker Drive, with only right turns allowed, are not included, the car chase scene in The Dark Knight was filmed on Lower Wacker Drive

2.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage

3.
Illinois
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Illinois is a state in the midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1818. It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, the word Illinois comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word. For decades, OHare International Airport has been ranked as one of the worlds busiest airports, Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics. With the War of 1812 Illinois growth slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier, mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration—by the 1810s, the Eastern U. S. Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s, and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois, as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets. Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other states from the tyranny of water transport. By 1900, the growth of jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants. Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars, the Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago, who created the citys famous jazz and blues cultures. Three U. S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois, Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, additionally, Ronald Reagan, whose political career was based in California, was the only U. S. president born and raised in Illinois. Today, Illinois honors Lincoln with its official slogan, Land of Lincoln. The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the capital of Springfield. Illinois is the spelling for the early French Catholic missionaries and explorers name for the Illinois Native Americans. American scholars previously thought the name Illinois meant man or men in the Miami-Illinois language and this etymology is not supported by the Illinois language, as the word for man is ireniwa and plural men is ireniwaki. The name Illiniwek has also said to mean tribe of superior men. The name Illinois derives from the Miami-Illinois verb irenwe·wa he speaks the regular way and this was taken into the Ojibwe language, perhaps in the Ottawa dialect, and modified into ilinwe·. The French borrowed these forms, changing the ending to spell it as -ois. The current spelling form, Illinois, began to appear in the early 1670s, the Illinois name for themselves, as attested in all three of the French missionary-period dictionaries of Illinois, was Inoka, of unknown meaning and unrelated to the other terms. American Indians of successive cultures lived along the waterways of the Illinois area for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans, the Koster Site has been excavated and demonstrates 7,000 years of continuous habitation

4.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation

5.
James McHugh Construction Co
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James McHugh Construction Co. is a privately owned company, and one of the largest construction managers and general contractors in the U. S. Founded in 1897 by James D. McHugh, an Irish bricklayer from Chicagos south side, by the mid-1920s, James McHugh Construction Co. had established itself as a general contractor specializing in elaborate masonry work. During the Great Depression, McHugh continued to grow through projects funded by President Franklin D. Roosevelts Public Works Administration, from approximately 1930 on, McHugh Construction began sending crews across the country for heavy construction work, including water treatment systems and transportation tunnels. The postwar era of the 1940s and 1950s saw a rebirth of the market for vast institutional facilities, to accommodate the growing need for health-care facilities, McHugh built additions to Cook County Hospital and a residence hall for Rush-Presbyterian St. Lukes Medical Center in 1955. In the late 1950s, McHugh continued to centralize and grow in Chicago, Marina City was one of their next large projects. Designed by the architect Bertrand Goldberg, Marina City consists of two corn-cob-shaped towers that have become one of Chicagos most recognizable landmarks. For this project, McHugh pioneered the use of concrete forms that are still used for high-design curved concrete construction. When a change in ownership occurred in the mid-1970s, the McHughs chose to sell a portion of the company to the employees, employees still own part of the company today. Today, the great grand daughter, Patty McHugh after her father passed away in August 2016 serves as chairwoman of the firm. Lake was appointed this position in 1997, becoming the first non-family member in 100 years to lead the company, though most projects are located in the Chicago area today, McHugh was the first American contractor to open an office in Moscow after the fall of Communism. Between 1991 and 1999, McHugh had built for local and non-Russian clients including Dialog Bank, ABC News, Boeing Co. and Morgan Stanley. McCormick Place Expansion - The 1,100, 000-square-foot, $250 million exhibition hall covers two levels and is constructed over four active commuter rail lines and two freight lines. Park Tower - Designed by Lucien Lagrange, Park Tower is a 67 story high rise multiuse structure that houses the Park Hyatt Hotel as well as 475,000 square feet of condominium space. McHugh installed Chicagos first massed tuned damper in the structure to minimize the building caused by high winds. Chicago Board of Trade - A400, 000-square-foot addition to the CBOT that includes the worlds largest trading floor, McHugh developed the unusual structural table design – four concrete cores at each corner of the building topped by structural steel trusses – which provide a column-free trading floor. Arlington Park - Designed by SOM, built in 21 months and it contains about 472 residential condominiums, a 286 unit condominium hotel,1000 space parking garage, and retail space. McHugh has the task of pouring the concrete structure and will more than 180,000 cubic yards of concrete in just under three years. Battle Stations 21 - A 500-foot long reduced scale replica of a portion of a ship, floating in water, within a 171 and this structure includes layer upon layer of the latest technology to create a realistic battle experience

6.
Storey
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A storey is any level part of a building that could be used by people. The plurals are storeys and stories respectively, the terms floor, level, or deck can also be used in this sense, except that one may use ground floor and ground level for the floor closer to what is considered the ground or street level. The words storey and floor also generally exclude levels of the building that have no roof, houses commonly have only one or two floors. Buildings are often classified as low-rise, mid-rise and high-rise according to how many levels they contain, the tallest skyscraper in the world, Burj Khalifa, has 163 floors. As of 2013, the tallest planned skyscraper, Sky City, is planned to have 202 floors, the height of each storey is based on the ceiling height of the rooms plus the thickness of the floors between each pane. Generally this is around 10 feet total, however, it varies widely from just under this figure to well over it, storeys within a building need not be all the same height — often the lobby is more spacious, for example. Additionally, higher levels may be smaller in volume than the ones beneath them, in English, the principal floor or main floor of a house is the floor that contains the chief apartments, it is usually the ground floor, or the floor above. In Italy the main floor of a home is usually above the ground level, the attic or loft is a storey just below the buildings roof, its ceiling is often pitched and/or at a different height than that of other floors. A penthouse is an apartment on the topmost storey of a building. A basement is a storey below the main or ground floor, split-level homes have floors that offset from each other by less than the height of a full storey. A mezzanine, in particular, is typically a floor halfway between the floor and the next higher floor. Homes with a split-level entry have the main floor raised half a storey height above the street entrance level. In Macys Herald Square, there is a one and a floor between the first and second, this can be considered a split level floor. There are also car parks, also known as parking garages. Floor numbering is the scheme used for a buildings floors. There are two major schemes in use across the world, in one system, used in the majority of European countries, the ground floor is the floor literally on the ground and often has no number or is assigned the number 0. Therefore, the floor up is assigned the number 1 and is the first floor. The other system, used primarily in the United States and Canada, counts the bottom floor as the first floor, the existence of two incompatible conventions is a common source of confusion in international communication, sometimes even between communities who speak the same language

7.
Residential
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A residential area is a land use in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas. Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas and these include single-family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may totally exclude business and it may permit high density land use or only permit low density uses. Residential zoning usually includes a smaller FAR than business, commercial or industrial/manufacturing zoning, the area may be large or small. Development patterns may be regulated by restrictive covenants contained in the deeds to the properties in the development, restrictive covenants are not easily changed when the agreement of all property owners is required. The area so restricted may be large or small, residential areas may be subcategorized in the concentric zone model and other schemes of urban geography. Residential development is real estate development for residential purposes, some such developments are called a subdivision, when the land is divided into lots with houses constructed on each lot. Such developments became common during the nineteenth century, particularly in the form of streetcar suburbs. In previous centuries, residential development was mainly of two kinds, rich people bought a townlot, hired an architect and/or contractor, and built a bespoke / customized house or mansion for their family. Poor urban people lived in shantytowns or in tenements built for rental, single-family houses were seldom built on speculation, that is for future sale to residents not yet identified. When cities and the class expanded greatly and mortgage loans became commonplace. Its large-scale practitioners disliked the term property speculator and coined the new residential development for their activity. Entire farms and ranches were subdivided and developed, often one individual or company controlling all aspects of entitlement, land development, infrastructure. Communities like Levittown, Long Island or Lakewood south of Los Angeles saw new homes sold at unprecedented rates—more than one a day. Many techniques which had made the automobile affordable made housing affordable, standardization of design and small, repetitive tasks, advertising. Mass production resulted in a similar uniformity of product, and a comfortable lifestyle than cramped apartments in the cities. With the advent of government-backed mortgages, it could actually be cheaper to own a house in a new residential development than to rent, as with other products, continual refinements appeared. Curving streets, greenbelt parks, neighborhood pools, and community entry monumentation appeared, diverse floor plans with differing room counts, and multiple elevations appeared

8.
Skyscraper
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A skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building having multiple floors. When the term was used in the 1880s it described a building of 10 to 20 floors. Mostly designed for office, commercial and residential uses, a skyscraper can also be called a high-rise, for buildings above a height of 300 m, the term supertall can be used, while skyscrapers reaching beyond 600 m are classified as megatall. One common feature of skyscrapers is having a steel framework that supports curtain walls and these curtain walls either bear on the framework below or are suspended from the framework above, rather than resting on load-bearing walls of conventional construction. Some early skyscrapers have a frame that enables the construction of load-bearing walls taller than of those made of reinforced concrete. Modern skyscrapers walls are not load-bearing, and most skyscrapers are characterized by surface areas of windows made possible by steel frames. However, skyscrapers can have curtain walls that mimic conventional walls with a surface area of windows. Modern skyscrapers often have a structure, and are designed to act like a hollow cylinder to resist wind, seismic. To appear more slender, allow less wind exposure, and transmit more daylight to the ground, many skyscrapers have a design with setbacks, a relatively big building may be considered a skyscraper if it protrudes well above its built environment and changes the overall skyline. The maximum height of structures has progressed historically with building methods and technologies, the Burj Khalifa is currently the tallest building in the world. High-rise buildings are considered shorter than skyscrapers, the first steel-frame skyscraper was the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, Illinois in 1885. Even the scholars making the argument find it to be purely academic and this definition was based on the steel skeleton—as opposed to constructions of load-bearing masonry, which passed their practical limit in 1891 with Chicagos Monadnock Building. What is the characteristic of the tall office building. The force and power of altitude must be in it, the glory and it must be every inch a proud and soaring thing, rising in sheer exaltation that from bottom to top it is a unit without a single dissenting line. Some structural engineers define a highrise as any vertical construction for which wind is a significant load factor than earthquake or weight. Note that this criterion fits not only high-rises but some other tall structures, the word skyscraper often carries a connotation of pride and achievement. A loose convention of some in the United States and Europe draws the limit of a skyscraper at 150 m or 490 ft. The tallest building in ancient times was the 146 m Great Pyramid of Giza in ancient Egypt and it was not surpassed in height for thousands of years, the 14th century AD Lincoln Cathedral being conjectured by many to have exceeded it

9.
Lakeshore East
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Lakeshore East is a master-planned mixed use urban development being built by the Magellan Development Group in the Loop community area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is located in the part of the Loop, which. The development is bordered by Wacker Drive to the north, Columbus Drive to the west, Lake Shore Drive to the east, skidmore, Owings & Merrill created the master plan for the area. The development, which had scheduled for completion in 2011, is now set for completion in 2013. Lakeshore East features several of the tallest buildings in Chicago and may include a few of the tallest buildings in the United States, the overall planned development, the park, and several of the individual buildings have won awards for architecture and/or urban planning. The buildings are planned for various types of residential use, due to the neighborhoods proximity to both Lake Michigan to the east and the Chicago River to the north, many of the buildings are named with aquatic or nautical themes. As of August 2008,1,500 condominiums have been sold and 1,200 apartments have been completed, previous to this urban development, the Lakeshore East area had been used by Illinois Central Railroad yards. After World War II, the railroads sold airspace rights north of Randolph Street, for several years after the rail yards were vacated, the site was used as a 9-hole golf course. Pete Dye designed the course, known as Metro Golf at Illinois Center, the solution was to stagger ground-level amenities and building entrances from the upper level at the perimeter to the lower level at the interior. Thus the multilevel street grid is utilized around the edges, with large parking structures in the podiums, a 27-floor vertical expansion of the Blue Cross Blue Shield Tower was completed in 2010. When Harbor Point and 400 East Randolph were built, Lake Shore Drive ran through this neighborhood to the west of these buildings, the Chicago Pedway, which has existed since 1951, connects to public and private buildings, Chicago Transit Authority stations and Metra commuter rail facilities. The 4,6 and 60 CTA bus routes run along the borders of the Lakeshore East area, the archives available on the NewEastside. org website show numerous plans and unfulfilled promise regarding connecting the Pedway to most of the New Eastside. The plan, which had Adrian Smith as the partner, calls for fourteen high-rise condominiums. Lakeshore East is within walking distance to the Chicago River, Lake Michigan, DuSable Harbor, Michigan Avenue, Grant Park and it is the citys first and currently only free wireless park. The Lancaster was Lakeshore Easts first new completed building, the Shoreham was Lakeshore Easts first completed apartment building. 340 on the Park was briefly the tallest all-residential building in Chicago, the development has its own village center, named Village Market Center, which includes a full service supermarket. The other buildings completed in the first phase of development were The Regatta, The Chandler, in 2011, construction began on Coast at Lakeshore East. Lease occupancies began in February 2013, wanda Vista, a condominium/hotel combination that will be the third tallest building in Chicago, began construction in 2017, with completion expected in 2020

10.
Loop, Chicago
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The Loop is the central business district of Chicago, Illinois. It is one of the citys 77 designated community areas, the Loop is home to Chicagos commercial core, City Hall, and the seat of Cook County. In the late century, cable car turnarounds and prominent elevated railway encircled the area. In what is now the Loop, on the bank of the Chicago River, near todays Michigan Avenue Bridge. It was the first settlement in the sponsored by the United States. Other research has concluded that the Loop was not used as a proper noun until after the 1895–97 construction of the Union elevated railway loop, Loop architecture has been dominated by skyscrapers and high-rises since early in its history. Some of the buildings in this district were instrumental in the development of towers. Chicagos street numbering system – dividing addresses into North, South, East, Chicago is still the nations rail transportation hub and passenger lines once reached seven Loop-area stations by the 1890s. Transfers from one to the other was a business for taxi drivers until the long-distance lines gave way to Amtrak in the 1970s with the majority of trains concentrated at Chicago Union Station. This area abounds in shopping opportunities, including the Loop Retail Historic District and it includes Chicagos former Marshall Fields department store location in the Marshall Field and Company Building, the original Sullivan Center Carson Pirie Scott store location. Chicagos Downtown Theatre District is also found within this area, along with numerous restaurants, Chicago has a famous skyline which features many of the tallest buildings in the world as well as the Chicago Landmark Historic Michigan Boulevard District. Chicagos skyline is spaced out throughout the area, giving it a graceful beautiful appearance. Chicagos third tallest building, the Aon Center, is located just south of Illinois Center, the complex is at the east end of the Loop, east of Michigan Avenue. Two Prudential Plaza is also located here, just to the west of the Aon Center, the Loop contains a wealth of outdoor sculpture, including works by Pablo Picasso, Joan Miró, Henry Moore, Marc Chagall, Magdalena Abakanowicz, Alexander Calder, and Jean Dubuffet. Chicagos waterfront, which is almost exclusively recreational beach and park areas from north to south, the area also hosts the annual music festival Lollapalooza which features popular alternative rock, heavy metal, EDM, hop hop and punk rock artists. Trips down the Chicago River, including tours, by commercial boat operators are great favorites with both locals and tourists alike. The Loop is the seat of Chicagos government and it is also the government seat of Cook County, Illinois and houses an office for the governor of the State of Illinois. The century old City Hall/County Building houses the chambers of the Mayor, City Council, across the street, the Richard J. Daley Center accommodates a famous Picasso sculpture and the state law courts

11.
Community areas of Chicago
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These areas are well-defined and static. Census data are tied to the community areas, and they serve as the basis for a variety of urban planning initiatives on both the local and regional levels, the Social Science Research Committee at University of Chicago defined seventy-five community areas during the late 1920s. At the time, these community areas corresponded roughly to neighborhoods or inter-related neighborhoods within the city, in the 1950s, with the citys annexations for OHare International Airport, a seventy-sixth community area was added. Community areas are distinct from neighborhoods in Chicago, community areas often encompass groups of neighborhoods. Although many community areas contain more than one neighborhood, they may share the same name, or parts of the name. The city center area covers a more than 4 square miles, lying roughly between Division Street on the north, Lake Michigan on the east, 26th Street on the south. This area is commercial hub. The three branches of the Chicago River meet in this area, the area known as the Loop is a section within downtown, surrounded by elevated tracks of the rapid transit network. Many of downtowns commercial, cultural, and financial institutions are located in the Loop, today, the Loop is also used to identify the larger downtown area. River North contains the Magnificent Mile, a concentration of high-end retail, the Chicago Bears play in Soldier Field on the Near South Side. The citys North Side district extends north of Central−Downtown Chicago, the West Side districts, and it is the most densely populated residential section of the city, and has a considerable middle and upper-class demographic. It contains sizable public parklands and miles of beaches along Lake Michigan to the northern limits. Residential highrises line the waterfront in the eastern North Side, the district includes Eastern European, Puerto Rican, and other ethnic enclaves. It is the home of the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field, the West Side is made up of neighborhoods such as Austin, Lawndale, Garfield Park, West Town, and Humboldt Park among others. Some neighborhoods, particularly Garfield Park and Lawndale, have had long-term socio-economic problems, other West Side neighborhoods, especially those closer to downtown, have been undergoing gentrification. The United Center, the home of the Chicago Bulls and Blackhawks, major parks on the West Side include Douglas, Garfield, and Humboldt Park. Garfield Park Conservatory houses one of the largest collections of plants of any U. S. city. Attractions on the West Side include the Puerto Rican Day festival, the National Museum of Mexican Art in Pilsen, the South Side is the largest section of the city, encompassing roughly 60% of the citys land area, and much was annexed in the late 19th century

12.
2012 Chicago Summit
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The 2012 Chicago Summit was a meeting of the heads of state and heads of government of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, held in Chicago, Illinois, on 20 and 21 May 2012. This was the first time ever that a NATO summit was held in the United States outside of the capital, Washington. The event was scheduled to coincide and be held after the 2012 G8 summit in Chicago as well. The previous summit was the 2010 summit in Lisbon, Portugal, NATO is planning to craft specific resolutions concerning the Middle East. Issues to address include the continuing military support of active insurrections in the region. The group is going to make plans for defending certain areas, NATO will also discuss missile defense and nuclear deterrence more generally. The United States is also planning to upgrade 180 tactical nuclear weapons currently positioned in Europe, the upgrade would improve guidance systems on the missiles, rendering them able to hit targets more precisely. Russia has requested that the NATO countries declare adherence to the rules of law in the nuclear policy they agree upon at the Chicago summit. Russia worries that its own nuclear arsenal could be rendered useless with the activation of a missile shield by the United States. Russias nuclear deterrent maintains a balance between the two major powers. But the United States insists that a system is necessary to mitigate any threat from Iran. In previous years, Russia had been invited on several occasions to work with NATO on defense systems, the organization also plans to review its collective relationship to Russia. Indeed, NATO has stated that Russias attendance at the Chicago event will depend upon accession to a system of European missile defense, the leaders of the NATO-member countries endorsed on 21 May 2012 an exit strategy for the War in Afghanistan and declared their long-term commitment to Afghanistan. A new and different NATO mission will then advise, train, as consequence of shrinking defense budgets the NATO leaders agreed to share the costs of weapons and equipment as part of a so-called Smart Defense initiative. The NATO leaders approved 20 projects for this initiative and we can find common solutions to common problems. S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates in June 2011, who stated that NATO faced the possibility a dim. Only four European countries—Great Britain, France, Albania, and Greece—have committed to the alliances agreed benchmark of committing two percent of their GDP to defense. Smart Defense is intended to make Europe more responsible for European security and the European periphery as the United States military withdraws from the continent. ”Because Europe is not experiencing an existential threat like it did during the Cold War, skepticism of Smart Defense is plenty

13.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
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The Federal Bureau of Investigation is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nations prime federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U. S. Department of Justice, Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U. S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, although many of the FBIs functions are unique, its activities in support of national security are comparable to those of the British MI5 and the Russian FSB. At an FBI field office, a senior-level FBI officer concurrently serves as the representative of the Director of National Intelligence. Despite its domestic focus, the FBI also maintains a significant international footprint and these overseas offices exist primarily for the purpose of coordination with foreign security services and do not usually conduct unilateral operations in the host countries. The FBI can and does at times carry out secret activities overseas, just as the CIA has a domestic function. The FBI was established in 1908 as the Bureau of Investigation and its name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1935. The FBI headquarters is the J. Edgar Hoover Building, located in Washington, in the fiscal year 2012, the Bureaus total budget was approximately $8.12 billion. In 1896, the National Bureau of Criminal Identification was founded, the 1901 assassination of President William McKinley created an urgent perception that America was under threat from anarchists. The Departments of Justice and Labor had been keeping records on anarchists for years, the Justice Department had been tasked with the regulation of interstate commerce since 1887, though it lacked the staff to do so. It had made little effort to relieve its staff shortage until the breakage of the Oregon land fraud scandal at approximately the turn of the 20th Century, President Roosevelt instructed Attorney General Charles Bonaparte to organize an autonomous investigative service that would report only to the Attorney General. Bonaparte reached out to other agencies, including the Secret Service, for personnel, on May 27,1908, the Congress forbade this use of Treasury employees by the Justice Department, citing fears that the new agency would serve as a secret police department. Again at Roosevelts urging, Bonaparte moved to organize a formal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Investigation was created on July 26,1908, after the Congress had adjourned for the summer. Attorney General Bonaparte, using Department of Justice expense funds, hired thirty-four people, including veterans of the Secret Service. Its first Chief was Stanley Finch, Bonaparte notified the Congress of these actions in December 1908. The bureaus first official task was visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution in preparation for enforcing the White Slave Traffic Act, or Mann Act, in 1932, the bureau was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation. The following year it was linked to the Bureau of Prohibition, in the same year, its name was officially changed from the Division of Investigation to the present-day Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI. J. Edgar Hoover served as Director from 1924 to 1972, a combined 48 years with the BOI, DOI, Hoover was substantially involved in most major cases and projects that the FBI handled during his tenure

14.
United States Secret Service
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The United States Secret Service is a federal law enforcement agency under the U. S. Department of Homeland Security. Until 2003, the Service was part of the U. S. Department of the Treasury, the Secret Services initial responsibility was to investigate counterfeiting of U. S. currency, which was rampant following the U. S. Civil War. The agency then evolved into the United States first domestic intelligence and counterintelligence agency, the Secret Service has two primary missions, investigation of financial crimes and physical protection of designated protectees. After the 1901 assassination of President William McKinley, Congress also directed the Secret Service to protect the President of the United States, Protection remains the other key mission of the United States Secret Service. From 1997 until 2013, legislation became effective limiting Secret Service protection to former Presidents, President Barack Obama signed legislation reversing this limit and reinstating lifetime protection on January 10,2013. The Secret Service investigates thousands of incidents a year of individuals threatening the President of the United States, the Director of Secret Service is appointed by the President of the United States. With a reported one third of the currency in circulation being counterfeit at the time, Chief William P. Wood was sworn in by Secretary of the Treasury Hugh McCulloch. It was commissioned in Washington, D. C. as the Secret Service Division of the Department of the Treasury with the mission of suppressing counterfeiting, the legislation creating the agency was on Abraham Lincolns desk the night he was assassinated. At the time, the other federal law enforcement agencies were the United States Park Police. Post Office Departments Office of Instructions and Mail Depredations, and the U. S. Marshals Service, the Marshals did not have the manpower to investigate all crime under federal jurisdiction, so the Secret Service began to investigate everything from murder to bank robbery to illegal gambling. After the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901, Congress informally requested that the Secret Service provide presidential protection, a year later, the Secret Service assumed full-time responsibility for presidential protection. In 1902, William Craig became the first Secret Service agent to die while serving, the Secret Service was the first U. S. domestic intelligence and counterintelligence agency. Domestic intelligence collection and counterintelligence responsibilities were vested in the Federal Bureau of Investigation upon the FBIs creation in 1908, the Secret Service assisted in arresting Japanese American leaders and in the Japanese American internment during World War II. Secret Service is not a part of the U. S, on October 16, the day of the summit, Burnham discovered a man holding a concealed palm pistol standing at the El Paso Chamber of Commerce building along the procession route. Burnham signaled a Texas Ranger, Private C. R. Moore, in 1950, President Harry S. Truman was residing in Blair House while the White House, across the street, was undergoing renovations. On November 1,1950, two Puerto Rican nationalists, Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola, approached Blair House with the intent to assassinate President Truman, Collazo and Torresola opened fire on Private Leslie Coffelt and other White House Police officers. Though mortally wounded by three shots from a 9 mm German Luger to his chest and abdomen, Private Coffelt returned fire, as of 2017, Coffelt is the only member of the Secret Service killed while protecting a US president against an assassination attempt. Collazo was also shot, but survived his injuries and served 29 years in prison before returning to Puerto Rico in late 1979, in 1968, as a result of Robert F. Kennedys assassination, Congress authorized protection of major presidential and vice presidential candidates and nominees

15.
Chicago Tribune
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The Chicago Tribune is a daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, owned by tronc, Inc. formerly Tribune Publishing. The Tribune was founded by James Kelly, John E. Wheeler, forrest, publishing its first edition on June 10,1847. The paper saw numerous changes in ownership and editorship over the eight years. Initially, the Tribune was not politically affiliated but tended to either the Whig or Free Soil parties against the Democrats in elections. By late 1853, it was frequently running xenophobic editorials that criticized foreigners, about this time it also became a strong proponent of temperance. Ray became editor-in-chief, Medill became the editor, and Alfred Cowles, Sr. brother of Edwin Cowles. Each purchased one third of the Tribune, under their leadership the Tribune distanced itself from the Know Nothings and became the main Chicago organ of the Republican Party. However, the continued to print anti-Catholic and anti-Irish editorials. Between 1858 and 1860, the paper was known as the Chicago Press & Tribune, on October 25,1860, it became the Chicago Daily Tribune. Before and during the American Civil War, the new editors pushed an abolitionist agenda and strongly supported Abraham Lincoln, the paper remained a force in Republican politics for years afterwards. In 1861, the Tribune published new lyrics for the song John Browns Body by William W. Patton, Medill served as mayor of Chicago for one term after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Under the 20th-century editorship of Colonel Robert R. Joseph McCarthy, when McCormick assumed the position of co-editor in 1910, the Tribune was the third-best-selling paper among Chicagos eight dailies, with a circulation of only 188,000. At the same time, the Tribune competed with the Hearst paper, by 1914, the cousins succeeded in forcing out Managing Editor William Keeley. By 1918, the Examiner was forced to merge with the Chicago Herald, in 1919, Patterson left the Tribune and moved to New York to launch his own newspaper, the New York Daily News. In a renewed war with Hearsts Herald-Examiner, McCormick and Hearst ran rival lotteries in 1922. The Tribune won the battle, adding 250,000 readers to its ranks, also in 1922, the Chicago Tribune hosted an international design competition for its new headquarters, the Tribune Tower. The competition worked brilliantly as a publicity stunt, and more than 260 entries were received, the winner was a neo-Gothic design by New York architects John Mead Howells and Raymond Hood. The newspaper sponsored an attempt at Arctic aviation in 1929

16.
Outer Drive East
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400 East Randolph Street Condominiums or simply 400 East Randolph is a 40-story high-rise in Chicago, Illinois, designed by Reinheimer & Associates. The building primarily consists of condominiums, though there are a few businesses. Situated on East Randolph Street on the New Eastside, the building sits between the Buckingham to its west and Harbor Point to its east, two parks, Millennium Park and Lakeshore East Park, are immediately located to 400 East Randolphs south and north faces respectively. It is one of the buildings in the area predates the new surrounding Lakeshore East development. Built in 1963,400 East Randolph is the oldest and most established building in the neighborhood and it was converted from apartments to condominiums in 1973. The building contains many such as a domed pool, a private bus that ferries residents around Chicago. The building has a number of businesses including the Lakefront Childrens Academy,400 East Randolph appears in front of Olympia Centre,900 North Michigan, John Hancock Center, and Water Tower Place in the diagram below

17.
Blue Cross Blue Shield Tower
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It is home to the headquarters of Health Care Service Corporation. The buildings address is 300 E. Randolph and is located next to the Aon Center, original plans had hoped to connect the two buildings via an underground pedway, but the plans never came to fruition. Architect James Goettsch of Goettsch Partners designed the building, the 33-story first phase was completed in 1997 under the firm name of Lohan Associates. The 24-story second phase started in 2007 and was completed in 2010, in 2006 the City of Chicago granted a building permit to Health Care Service Corporation Blue Cross Blue Shield of Illinois to build up instead of out. The second phase took place over 2007-2010. The new tower is 57 stories and is the first project in Chicago to build up, baker & McKenzie Health Care Service Corporation Isobar Inverse Marketing. List of tallest buildings in Chicago List of tallest buildings in the United States Phorio listing Emporis listing

18.
The Buckingham (Chicago)
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The Buckingham, formerly known as Buckingham Plaza, is a 44-story all-residential condominium designed by Fujikawa Johnson & Associates. Located on East Randolph Street in Chicago, Illinois, the building sits between the new 340 on the Park building to its west and the older Outer Drive East building to its east. Two parks, Millennium Park and Lakeshore East Park, are located to The Buckinghams south and north faces respectively. It is one of the few buildings that predates the new surrounding Lakeshore East development in the New Eastside neighborhood, there are 7 rooms located on every residential floor of the building for a total of 306 units total. An indoor pool, sauna, laundry room, fitness center, the Buckingham has 3 high-speed elevators that run the length of the building plus one elevator that runs from the first floor to each floor of the 4-story underground parking garage. The Buckingham is east of 340 on the Park and it appears in front of Park Tower in the diagram below. Official Site More Photos from Chicago Architecture

19.
Harbor Point (Chicago)
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Built in 1972, Harbor Point Condominiums is a residential and commercial building in Chicago, Illinois, United States, on Lake Michigan. It was the first original condominium building in the city, standing nearly 168 meters with 54 floors, it is among the tallest buildings in Chicago. The building has views of both Grant and Millennium Parks and sits on Chicagos Monroe Harbor, the building has 22 commercial businesses, primarily located on the lower level such as a dry cleaner, grocery store, and realty agents. List of tallest buildings in Chicago

20.
The Parkshore
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The Parkshore is a 556 ft tall skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. It was completed in 1991 and has 56 floors, barancik Conte designed the building, which is the 53rd tallest in Chicago. List of tallest buildings in Chicago The Parkshore

21.
North Harbor Tower
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North Harbor Tower is a 556 ft tall skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, US. It was completed in 1988 and has 55 floors, fujikawa Johnson & Associates designed the building, which is the 53rd tallest in Chicago. Each window in the building has a projection to take advantage of skyline, park, lake. In January 2016, Crescent Heights agreed to purchase the 600-apartment building for an estimated $200 million, north Harbor Tower appears immediately to the left of Harbor Point in the panorama below. List of tallest buildings in Chicago Emporis Skyscraperpage

22.
340 on the Park
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340 on the Park is a residential tower in the Lakeshore East development of the neighborhood of New Eastside/ East Loop Chicago and was completed in 2007. The building briefly surpassed 55 East Erie as the tallest all-residential building in Chicago and it is currently the second tallest all-residential building in Chicago at 672 feet with 62 floors. The architectural firm Solomon Cordwell Buenz designed the tower and it was built by Magellan Development, the structural engineering firm Magnusson Klemencic Associates designed the building using Post-Tensioning in order increase the floor-to-ceiling heights. James McHugh Construction Co installed post tensioning tendons supplied by Amsysco Inc, the tower is located in the Lakeshore East complex which, when completed, will house thousands of residents. 340 on the Park is set next to Randolph Street, allowing unobstructed views of Millennium Park, Grant Park, The Park at Lakeshore East. The towers design also allows for buildings to maintain some views of the park. 340 on the Park has also become the first residential tower in the Midwestern United States to achieve Silver LEED certification for its green design, the north side of the building is contoured so that views from The Buckingham next to the building are not interfered with. Residents of 340 on the Park will be zoned to schools in the Chicago Public Schools, ogden School Wells Community Academy High School. Official 340 On the Park website Solomon Cordwell Buenz website

23.
Aqua (skyscraper)
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Aqua is an 82-story mixed-use residential skyscraper in the Lakeshore East development in downtown Chicago, Illinois. Designed by a led by Jeanne Gang of Studio Gang Architects, with James Loewenberg of Loewenberg & Associates as the Architect of Record. The buildings eighty-story,140,000 sq ft base is topped by a 82,550 sq ft terrace with gardens, gazebos, pools, hot tubs, a walking/running track, each floor covers approximately 16,000 sq ft. The Aqua was awarded the Emporis Skyscraper Award as 2009 skyscraper of the year, Aqua was designed by Jeanne Gang, principal and founder of Studio Gang Architects, and it was her first skyscraper project. The project was the largest ever awarded to an American firm headed by a woman, Loewenberg & Associates are the architects of record, led by James Loewenberg. The Aqua Tower is located at 225 North Columbus Drive, and is surrounded by high-rises, to capture views of nearby landmarks for Aquas residents, Gang stretched its balconies outward by as much as 12 ft. The result is a composed of irregularly shaped concrete floor slabs which lend the facade an undulating. Gang cites the striated limestone outcroppings that are a topographic feature of the Great Lakes region as inspiration for these slabs. The building contains 55,000 sq ft of retail and office space, in addition to 215 hotel rooms,476 rental residential units, Aqua is the first downtown building to combine condos, apartments and a hotel. Carlson Hotels Worldwide announced May 12,2010, that it agreed to spend $125 million to open the first Radisson Blu hotel in the United States on 18 vacant floors of the highrise, the name Aqua was assigned to the building by Magellan Development Group LLC. Sustainability was an important factor in Aquas design, Gang and her team refined the terrace extensions to maximize solar shading, and other sustainable features will include rainwater collection systems and energy-efficient lighting. The green roof on top of the base will be the largest in Chicago. The tower will seek LEED certification. construction. com/people/awards/2009/0107-PaulTreacy. asp

24.
The Lancaster
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The Lancaster was the first luxury residential condominium tower completed at Lakeshore East in Chicago. Finished in 2005, the 30-story building features a design with glass, steel. Approximately 200 residential units occupy floors 1-29, and the 30th floor provides access to a roof deck. All units have private balconies as well, the Lancaster was designed by Loewenberg Architects and developed by Magellan Development Group. The building contractor was James McHugh Construction Co. Lancaster at LakeshoreEast. com Lancaster at Phorio. com

25.
The Regatta
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The Regatta is a 44-story high-rise designed by DeStefano + Partners and developed by Magellan Development Group. Completed in 2006, The Regatta is located at 420 E. Waterside Drive in the Lakeshore East area of Chicago, the towers dual elliptical glass curtain walls were designed to reflect the surrounding blues of the Chicago River and Lake Michigan. The building is currently planning buildout of a 4,000 square foot gym facility on the first floor, the space was acquired by the Condominium from the Developer, who had originally used the space for several years as their sales center for the Lakeshore East Development. The Condominium is targeting completion for the 2014 holiday season

26.
Chicago Pedway
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With a length of more than 40 downtown blocks, it contains shops, restaurants and public art and helps pedestrians in inclement weather. Most connections to the pedway are commercial or government buildings, including hotels, columbus Plaza, The Heritage at Millennium Park, the Park Millennium,200 North Dearborn Apartments, and Aqua are the only residential buildings connected to the pedway. Since the Regional Transportation Authoritys removal of the turnstiles in November 2003, the tunnels between Chase Tower and Two First National Plaza remain but are closed to the general public. Chase Tower is still connected to the Blue Line subway and to the restaurant structure in the south-west corner of the adjoining Exelon Plaza, numerous smaller pedways throughout the central business district are not connected to the main network

27.
Chicago River
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The Chicago River is a system of rivers and canals with a combined length of 156 miles that runs through the city of Chicago, including its center. The River is also noteworthy for its natural and man-made history, in 1999, this system was named a Civil Engineering Monument of the Millennium by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The river is memorialized, in part, by two blue stripes on the Municipal Flag of Chicago. The source of the North Branch is in the suburbs of Chicago where its three principal tributaries converge. The Skokie River—or East Fork—rises from an area, historically a wetland, near Park City. It then flows southward, paralleling the edge of Lake Michigan, through wetlands, the Greenbelt Forest Preserve, South of Highland Park the river passes the Chicago Botanic Gardens and through an area of former marshlands known as the Skokie Lagoons. The Middle Fork arises near Rondout, Illinois and flows southwards through Lake Forest and these two tributaries merge at Watersmeet Woods west of Wilmette. From there the North Branch flows south towards Morton Grove, the West Fork rises near Mettawa and flows south through Bannockburn, Deerfield, and Northbrook, meeting the North Branch at Morton Grove. South of Belmont the North Branch is lined with a mixture of residential developments, retail parks, the North Branch Canal—or Ogdens Canal—was completed in 1857, and was originally 50 feet wide and 10 feet deep allowing craft navigating the river to avoid the bend. The 1902 Cherry Avenue Bridge, just south of North Avenue, was constructed to carry the Chicago, Milwaukee and it is a rare example of an asymmetric bob-tail swing bridge and was designated a Chicago Landmark in 2007. From Goose Island the North Branch continues to south east to Wolf Point where it joins the Main Stem. The source of the Main Stem of the Chicago River is Lake Michigan, acoustic velocity meters at the Columbus Drive Bridge and the T. J. On the south bank of the river is the site of Fort Dearborn, notable buildings surrounding this area include the NBC Tower, the Tribune Tower, and the Wrigley Building. The river turns slightly to the south west between Michigan Avenue and State Street, passing the Trump International Hotel and Tower,35 East Wacker, turning west again the river passes Marina City, the Reid, Murdoch & Co. Building, and Merchandise Mart, and 333 Wacker Drive, since the early 2000s, the south shore of the Main Stem has been developed as the Chicago Riverwalk. It provides a linear, lushly landscaped park intended to offer an escape from the busy Loop. Different sections are named Market, Civic, Arcade, and Confluence, the sections between State Street and Lake Street are currently under construction and scheduled to be completed by the end of 2016. The plans reflect ideas first proposed by the Burnham Plan as early as 1909, the source of the South Branch of the Chicago River is the confluence of the North Branch and Main stem at Wolf Point

28.
Columbus Drive (Chicago)
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Columbus Drive is a north-south street in Chicago, Illinois which bisects Grant Park. It is 300 East in Chicagos street numbering system and its south end is an interchange with Lake Shore Drive at Soldier Field. After intersecting Illinois Street, it becomes Fairbanks Court and continues to the north, in the Illinois Center development, the main lanes of Columbus Drive are on the middle deck of a three-level structure. That level intersects with the levels of Randolph Street, Lake Street, South Water Street. All these intersecting streets also exist on the lower and upper levels, except for Lake, North of the river, it intersects the upper level of North Water Street and passes over that roads lower level before descending to ground level just before reaching Illinois Street. Columbus originally only went south from Monroe Street, south of Illinois Center, in 1980, it was extended to Wacker, including the three-level portion, and it was built over the Chicago River in 1982, connecting to Fairbanks Court. In 1992 the upper level of North Water Street was built, multilevel streets in Chicago Media related to Columbus Drive at Wikimedia Commons

29.
Grant Park (Chicago)
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Grant Park is a large urban park in the Loop community area of Chicago. Located in Chicagos central business district, the parks most notable features are Millennium Park, Buckingham Fountain, the Art Institute of Chicago, originally known as Lake Park, and dating from the citys founding, it was renamed in 1901 to honor Ulysses S. Grant. The parks area has expanded several times through land reclamation. It is bordered on the north by Randolph Street, on the south by Roosevelt Road and McFetridge Drive, on the west by Michigan Avenue, the park contains performance venues, gardens, art work, sporting, and harbor facilities. It hosts public gatherings, and several annual events. The park is often called Chicagos front yard and it is governed by the Chicago Park District. The original plans for the town of Chicago left the area east of Michigan Avenue unsubdivided and vacant, when the former Fort Dearborn Reserve became part of the townsite in 1839, the plan of the area east of Michigan Avenue south of Randolph was marked Public ground. Forever to remain vacant of buildings, the city officially designated the land as a park on April 29,1844, naming it Lake Park. When the Illinois Central Railroad was built into Chicago in 1852, the resulting lagoon became stagnant, and was largely filled in 1871 with debris from the Great Chicago Fire, increasing the parkland. In 1896, the city began extending the park into the lake with landfill, on October 9,1901, the park was renamed Grant Park in honor of American Civil War commanding General and United States President Ulysses S. Grant. At the 1868 Republican National Convention in Chicago, Grant had been nominated for his first presidential term, the legal restrictions prohibiting any buildings in the park were ignored in the 19th century, as various civic buildings were sited there. At various times, a post office, exposition center, armory, a 1904 plan prepared by the Olmsted Brothers recommended locating the Field Museum as the parks centerpiece, an idea integrated into Daniel Burnham and Edward H. Bennetts 1909 Plan of Chicago. Chicago businessman Aaron Montgomery Ward ultimately fought four court battles, opposed by nearly every civic leader, the one exception Ward consented to was for the Art Institute of Chicago, constructed in 1892. More landfill in the 1910s and 1920s provided sites for the Adler Planetarium, Field Museum of Natural History, and Shedd Aquarium, in 2004, a section of northern Grant Park, previously occupied by Illinois Central railyards and parking lots, was covered and redeveloped as Millennium Park. The park has been the site of large civic events. It served as the ground for the citys funeral procession for Abraham Lincoln. In 1911, the hosted the major Chicago International Aviation Meet. The park was the scene of clashes between Chicago Police and demonstrators during the 1968 Democratic National Convention, pope John Paul II celebrated an outdoor mass to a large crowd here in 1979

30.
Illinois Center
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Illinois Center is a mixed-use urban development in downtown Chicago, Illinois, USA, lying east of Michigan Avenue. It is notable in that the running through it have three levels. Elsewhere in Chicago, some streets have two levels, with the level for through traffic and service vehicles and the upper level for other local traffic. In Illinois Center, the level has been split, with a middle level for through traffic. The development was built on land that had formerly used for railroad yards. The west half was out first, the east half was initially turned into a temporary golf course on the lowest level. The golf course has since turned into a park, now surrounded by an urban village of high-rise buildings called Lakeshore East. The development consists of four blocks with an area to the east. It is bounded on the west by Michigan Avenue, which has two levels, just east of that road, the upper level rises to become a higher third level, only accessible on the west edge of the development and at the east end of Upper Wacker Drive. Stetson Avenue and Columbus Drive run north-south, and Lake Street, South Water Street, randolph Street lies a block south of the main part, and forms the south border of the east half. All of these streets are at least partly triple-decker, in the south half of the complex, the Metra Electric Lines and the South Shore Line terminate, halfway between Michigan and Stetson Avenues, at Millennium Station. An additional structure, Boulevard Towers East an eighty-story mixed-use building was planned on the west side of Stetson between South Water and Lake Street but was cancelled. The site of proposed building is the last remaining vacant lot in the Illinois Center complex. Also proposed for this site was Mandarin Oriental Chicago, the project is no longer listed on the developers website. One Prudential Plaza, Two Prudential Plaza and the Aon Center are in the south of the main part. Chicago Pedway Emporis Buildings - Illinois Center

31.
Lake Shore Drive
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Lake Shore Drive is an expressway running parallel with and alongside the shoreline of Lake Michigan through Chicago, Illinois, USA. Except for the north of Foster Avenue, Lake Shore Drive is designated as part of U. S. Highway 41. From the Chicago River south to 57th Street was named Leif Ericson Drive in 1927, the roadway was nicknamed Field Boulevard. The entire road was named Lake Shore Drive in 1946, Lake Shore Drives origins date back to Potter Palmer, who coerced the city to build the street adjacent to his lakefront property to enhance its value. Palmer built his castle at 1350 N, the drive was originally intended for leisurely strolls for the wealthy in their carriages, but as the auto age dawned it took on a different role completely. In 1937, the double-decker Link Bridge over the Chicago River opened, along with viaducts over rail yards, the lower level was intended for a railroad connection, but it was never used until LSD was rebuilt in 1986. At the time the bridge was built, it was the longest and widest bascule bridge in the world, the Lake Shore Drive and Link Bridge Photograph Album, c1937, documents the bridges construction. The album is held by the Ryerson & Burnham Libraries at the Art Institute of Chicago, North of the river, LSD intersected Ohio Street at grade, and then passed over Grand Avenue and Illinois Street on its way to the bridge South of the river. LSD came from the south on its current alignment, but continued straight at the north of Monroe Street. It intersected Randolph Street at grade and then continued north above the Illinois Central Railroads yard, at the river, it made a sharp turn to the right, and another sharp turn to the left onto the bridge. This reverse curve was known locally as the S-Curve or the S-Turn, the landfill used for the 1930s extension was mostly dirt, but the 1950s extension included rubble and debris from the destruction of homes razed for the construction of the Congress Expressway. Portions of the drive between Irving Park Road and Foster Avenue still contain the original concrete from the 1930s, Sheridan Road south of Foster narrows to 2 lanes of traffic with street parking on each side as well. In the 1950s and 1960s, Illinois and Cook County presented plans for an Interstate 494 to run part of LSD. After I-494 was moved to the Crosstown Expressway, a new I-694 designation was formed for the LSD upgrade that never came to be, when Wacker Drive was extended east to LSD in the 1970s, its upper level ended at LSD at the west curve. A new development at the northeast corner of the Randolph Street intersection resulted in an extension of Randolph across LSD, construction began in 1982 on a realignment of LSD south of the river. A whole new alignment was built, greatly smoothing the S-curve, the northbound side opened in October 1985, and the southbound side opened in November 1986. A new lower level was built, using the level of the bridge, and providing access to the new Wacker Drive. The old road south of Randolph became a Cancer Survivors Plaza, the rest, between Randolph and Wacker, was kept for several years as Field Boulevard, but was demolished in 1994

32.
Lake Michigan
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Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America and the only one located entirely within the United States. The other four Great Lakes are shared by the U. S. and it is the second-largest of the Great Lakes by volume and the third-largest by surface area, after Lake Superior and Lake Huron. Lake Michigan is shared, from west to east, by the U. S. states of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, ports along its shores include Chicago, Milwaukee, Green Bay, Wisconsin, Gary, Indiana, and Benton Harbor, Michigan. The word Michigan originally referred to the lake itself, and is believed to come from the Ojibwa word mishigami meaning great water, some of the earliest human inhabitants of the Lake Michigan region were the Hopewell Indians. Their culture declined after 800 AD, and for the few hundred years. The French explorer Jean Nicolet is believed to have been the first European to reach Lake Michigan, in the earliest European maps of the region, the name of Lake Illinois has been found in addition to that of Michigan, named for the Illinois Confederation of tribes. Lake Michigan is joined via the narrow, open-water Straits of Mackinac with Lake Huron, the Straits of Mackinac were an important Native American and fur trade route. The eastern end of the Straits was controlled by Fort Mackinac on Mackinac Island, French coureurs des bois and voyageurs established small ports and trading communities, such as Green Bay, on the lake during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. In the 19th century, Lake Michigan played a role in the development of Chicago. The first person to reach the bottom of Lake Michigan was J. Val Klump. Klump reached the bottom via submersible as part of a 1985 research expedition, in 2007, a row of stones paralleling an ancient shoreline was discovered by Mark Holley, professor of underwater archeology at Northwestern Michigan College. This formation lies 40 feet below the surface of the lake, One of the stones is said to have a carving resembling a mastodon. So far the formation has not been authenticated, Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes wholly within the borders of the United States, the others are shared with Canada. It lies in the known as the American Midwest. Lake Michigan has an area of 22,404 sq. mi, making it the largest lake entirely within one country by surface area. It is the half of Lake Michigan–Huron, which is the largest body of fresh water in the world. It is 307 miles long by 118 miles wide with a shoreline 1,640 miles long, the lakes average depth is 46 fathoms 3 feet, while its greatest depth is 153 fathoms 5 feet. It contains a volume of 1,180 cubic miles of water, Green Bay in the northwest is its largest bay

33.
Millennium Park
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Millennium Park is a public park located in the Loop community area of Chicago in Illinois, US, and originally intended to celebrate the second millennium. It is a prominent civic center near the citys Lake Michigan shoreline that covers a 24. 5-acre section of northwestern Grant Park, the area was previously occupied by parkland, Illinois Central rail yards, and parking lots. The park, which is bounded by Michigan Avenue, Randolph Street, Columbus Drive and East Monroe Drive, as of 2009, Millennium Park trailed only Navy Pier as a Chicago tourist attraction. In 2015, the became the location of the citys annual Christmas tree lighting. Planning of the began in October 1997. Construction began in October 1998, and Millennium Park was opened in a ceremony on July 16,2004, the three-day opening celebrations were attended by some 300,000 people and included an inaugural concert by the Grant Park Orchestra and Chorus. The park has received awards for its accessibility and green design, Millennium Park has free admission, and features the Jay Pritzker Pavilion, Cloud Gate, the Crown Fountain, the Lurie Garden, and various other attractions. The park is connected by the BP Pedestrian Bridge and the Nichols Bridgeway to other parts of Grant Park, because the park sits atop a parking garage and the commuter rail Millennium Station, it is considered the worlds largest rooftop garden. Some observers consider Millennium Park to be the citys most important project since the Worlds Columbian Exposition of 1893 and it far exceeded its originally proposed budget of $150 million. The final cost of $475 million was borne by Chicago taxpayers, the city paid $270 million, private donors paid the rest, and assumed roughly half of the financial responsibility for the cost overruns. The construction delays and cost overruns were attributed to planning, many design changes. Many critics have praised the completed park, in 2017, Millennium Park became the top tourist destination in Chicago, the Midwest, and placed among the top ten in the United States with 25 million annual visitors. From 1852 until 1997, the Illinois Central Railroad owned a right of way between downtown Chicago and Lake Michigan, in the area that became Grant Park and used it for railroad tracks. Lake Front Park, the White Stockings new ball grounds, was built in 1878 with a right field due to the railroad tracks. Daniel Burnham planned Grant Park around the Illinois Central Railroad property in his 1909 Plan of Chicago, in 1997, when the city gained airspace rights over the tracks, it decided to build a parking facility over them in the northwestern corner of Grant Park. Eventually, the city realized that a civic amenity might lure private dollars in a way that a municipal improvement would not. The park was planned under the name Lakefront Millennium Park. The park was conceived as a 16-acre landscape-covered bridge over a parking structure to be built on top of the Metra/Illinois Central Railroad tracks in Grant Park

34.
New Eastside
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The Loop is the central business district of Chicago, Illinois. It is one of the citys 77 designated community areas, the Loop is home to Chicagos commercial core, City Hall, and the seat of Cook County. In the late century, cable car turnarounds and prominent elevated railway encircled the area. In what is now the Loop, on the bank of the Chicago River, near todays Michigan Avenue Bridge. It was the first settlement in the sponsored by the United States. Other research has concluded that the Loop was not used as a proper noun until after the 1895–97 construction of the Union elevated railway loop, Loop architecture has been dominated by skyscrapers and high-rises since early in its history. Some of the buildings in this district were instrumental in the development of towers. Chicagos street numbering system – dividing addresses into North, South, East, Chicago is still the nations rail transportation hub and passenger lines once reached seven Loop-area stations by the 1890s. Transfers from one to the other was a business for taxi drivers until the long-distance lines gave way to Amtrak in the 1970s with the majority of trains concentrated at Chicago Union Station. This area abounds in shopping opportunities, including the Loop Retail Historic District and it includes Chicagos former Marshall Fields department store location in the Marshall Field and Company Building, the original Sullivan Center Carson Pirie Scott store location. Chicagos Downtown Theatre District is also found within this area, along with numerous restaurants, Chicago has a famous skyline which features many of the tallest buildings in the world as well as the Chicago Landmark Historic Michigan Boulevard District. Chicagos skyline is spaced out throughout the area, giving it a graceful beautiful appearance. Chicagos third tallest building, the Aon Center, is located just south of Illinois Center, the complex is at the east end of the Loop, east of Michigan Avenue. Two Prudential Plaza is also located here, just to the west of the Aon Center, the Loop contains a wealth of outdoor sculpture, including works by Pablo Picasso, Joan Miró, Henry Moore, Marc Chagall, Magdalena Abakanowicz, Alexander Calder, and Jean Dubuffet. Chicagos waterfront, which is almost exclusively recreational beach and park areas from north to south, the area also hosts the annual music festival Lollapalooza which features popular alternative rock, heavy metal, EDM, hop hop and punk rock artists. Trips down the Chicago River, including tours, by commercial boat operators are great favorites with both locals and tourists alike. The Loop is the seat of Chicagos government and it is also the government seat of Cook County, Illinois and houses an office for the governor of the State of Illinois. The century old City Hall/County Building houses the chambers of the Mayor, City Council, across the street, the Richard J. Daley Center accommodates a famous Picasso sculpture and the state law courts

35.
Randolph Street
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Randolph Street is a street in Chicago. It serves as the boundary of Grant Park and the Chicago Landmark Historic Michigan Boulevard District. Metras Millennium Station is located under Randolph Street, Randolph Street was named for Randolph County, Illinois, in turn named after Edmund Randolph, Governor of Virginia, Secretary of State, and the first United States Attorney General. The street was part of the plot of Chicago in the 1830s. In the 1850s and 1860s, gambling was a pastime at the saloons on Randolph. In 1937, in conjunction with the building of Lake Shore Drive and this viaduct still exists west of Columbus Drive as the upper level, it intersected LSD at the current upper level. The lower level of the viaduct was never used, in 1963 the upper level was built east of Field to serve the new Outer Drive East building. Between 1970 and 1980, the viaduct was demolished east of Columbus, by 1988 the new Randolph had been completed, including a new upper level west of Columbus. East of Columbus, this level was built to slope down to the old upper level, the old viaduct was kept west of Columbus, and it slopes down to a middle level east towards the new Lake Shore Drive. East of Michigan Avenue, Randolph Street is a two-way street taking traffic to Lake Shore Drive, just east of Michigan, Randolph crosses over the Metra Electric/South Shore Line and splits into two levels, an upper level and a middle level. Intersections with the level are provided with Stetson Avenue and Columbus Drive. The middle level, which traffic to Lake Shore Drive. A lower level also exists between Stetson and Columbus, intersecting lower Columbus, the middle level East of Columbus Drive is known as Randolph Drive. East of Columbus, Randolph continues as a triple-decker street, the lower level intersects with a short piece of Field Boulevard, at that point, the upper level narrows to lie only over the north side of the middle level. Field Boulevard was the original Lake Shore Drive, and crossed the level of Randolph. Old Lake Shore Drive south of Randolph is now the Cancer Survivors Plaza, a new Upper Field Boulevard was recently built as part of the Lakeshore East development, it ramps down to ground level. After Field Boulevard, the upper level and service level continue east to the double-decker Harbor Drive. Harbor Drive provides access to buildings and then itself dead ends

36.
List of tallest buildings in Chicago
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Chicago, the third-largest city in the United States, is home to 1,315 completed high-rises,44 of which stand taller than 600 feet. The tallest building in the city is the 108–story Willis Tower, the second-, third- and fourth-tallest buildings in Chicago are the Trump International Hotel & Tower, the Aon Center and the John Hancock Center, respectively. Of the ten tallest buildings in the United States, four are located in Chicago, as of February 2013, the entire city had 105 buildings at least 500 feet tall. Chicago is the birthplace of the skyscraper, the Home Insurance Building, completed in 1885, is regarded as the worlds first skyscraper. This building used the method, innovated in Chicago. It was originally built with 10 stories, a height in the 1800s, to a height of 138 feet. It was later expanded to 12 stories with a height of 180 feet, the building was demolished in 1931. New York City then began building skyscrapers as Chicago had done, Chicago has always played a prominent role in the development of skyscrapers and three past buildings have been the tallest building in the United States. The city then went through a much larger building boom that has lasted from the early 1960s. The tallest buildings are concentrated in various districts such as the Loop, Streeterville, River North, the South Loop. Other high-rises extend north along the waterfront into North Side districts such as the Gold Coast, Lincoln Park, Lakeview, Uptown, some high-rises also extend south from downtown along the waterfront to South Side districts such as Kenwood, Hyde Park, and South Shore. Several new skyscrapers were constructed in the city throughout the 2000s, including the Trump International Hotel, as of August 2016 there were 67 skyscrapers under construction in Chicago. This list ranks Chicago skyscrapers that stand at least 550 feet tall and this height includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. An equal sign following a rank indicates the height between two or more buildings. The Year column indicates the year of completion and this list ranks Chicago skyscrapers based on their pinnacle height, which includes radio masts and antennas. Standard architectural height measurement, which excludes antennas in building height, is included for comparative purposes, the Year column indicates the year in which a building was completed. This lists buildings that are under construction in Chicago as of January 2017 and are planned to rise at least 300 feet, buildings whose construction is on-hold are also included. A floor count of 30 stories is used as the cutoff for buildings whose heights have not yet released by their developers

37.
List of tallest buildings
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This list of tallest buildings in the world ranks skyscrapers by height. Only buildings with continuously occupiable floors are included, thus non-building structures and it maintains a list of the 100 tallest completed buildings in the world. The organization currently ranks Burj Khalifa in Dubai as the tallest at 828 m, the CTBUH only recognizes buildings that are complete, however, and some buildings listed within these list articles are not considered complete by the CTBUH. The Petronas Towers, with their spires, are ranked higher than the Willis Tower with its antennas, despite the Petronas Towers lower roofs. Until 1996, the worlds tallest building was defined by the height to the top of the tallest architectural element, including spires and this led to a rivalry between the Bank of Manhattan Building and the Chrysler Building. The Bank of Manhattan Building employed only a short spire and was 927 ft tall and had a higher top occupied floor. At present, the Burj Khalifa tops the list by some margin, as of 2017, this list includes all 139 buildings which reach a height of 300 metres or more, as assessed by their highest architectural feature. Worldwide, as there are plans in the five years for more than 80 buildings in the same height range. This measurement disregards distinctions between architectural and non-architectural extensions, and simply measures to the highest point and this measurement is useful for air traffic obstacle determinations, and is also a wholly objective measure. However, this measurement includes extensions that are added, removed. This measurement only recently came into use, when the Petronas Towers passed the Sears Tower in height, the former was considered taller because its spires were considered architectural, while the latters antennae were not. This led to the split of definitions, with the Sears Tower claiming the lead in this and the height-to-roof categories and this is a list of 82 buildings taller than 300 metres or 65 floors that are currently under construction. More than half of the buildings are located in China, ^ Destroyed buildings not included B. ^ Topped out but not completed, ^ Topped out in 1992, when construction was halted. Work was restarted in 2008, exterior work completed in 2011, council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat BuildingHeights

38.
Aon Center (Chicago)
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With 83 floors and a height of 1,136 feet, it is the third tallest building in Chicago, surpassed in height by the Willis Tower and the Trump International Hotel and Tower. The building is managed by Jones Lang LaSalle, which is headquartered in the building. Aon Center formerly had the headquarters of Aon and Amoco, Aons US operations are headquartered here. The Standard Oil Building was constructed as the new headquarters of the Standard Oil Company of Indiana, when it was completed in 1974 it was the tallest building in Chicago and the fourth-tallest in the world, earning it the nickname Big Stan. The building employs a tubular steel-framed structural system with V-shaped perimeter columns to resist earthquakes, reduce sway, minimize column bending and this construction method was also used for the former World Trade Center towers in New York City. When completed, it was the worlds tallest marble-clad building, being sheathed entirely with 43,000 slabs of Italian Carrara marble, the marble used was thinner than previously attempted in cladding a building, this quickly proved to be a mistake. On December 25,1973, during construction a 350-pound marble slab detached from the façade, in 1985, inspection found numerous cracks and bowing in the marble cladding of the building. To alleviate the problem, stainless steel straps were added to hold the marble in place, later, from 1990 to 1992, the entire building was refaced with Mount Airy white granite at an estimated cost of over $80 million. The buildings facade now somewhat resembles that of the former World Trade Center due to the flow of the columns. The Standard Oil Building was renamed the Amoco Building when the company changed names in 1985, in 1998, Amoco sold the building to The Blackstone Group for an undisclosed amount, estimated to be between $430 and $440 million. It was renamed as the Aon Center on December 30,1999, in May 2003, Wells Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. acquired the building for between $465 and $475 million. In recent years, the top floors of the building have been lit at night with colors to reflect a particular season or holiday, orange is used for Thanksgiving, green or red for Christmas, and pink during National Breast Cancer Awareness Month. The lighting commonly matches the nighttime lighting on the antenna of Willis Tower, the John Hancock Center, in the plaza, there is a sounding sculpture by Harry Bertoia

39.
Franklin Center (Chicago)
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The Franklin Center is a 60-story supertall skyscraper completed in 1989 as the AT&T Corporate Center to consolidate the central region headquarters of the American Telephone & Telegraph Company. It stands at a height of 1,007 ft and contains 1,700,000 sq ft in the Loop neighborhood of downtown Chicago. It is located two blocks east of the Chicago River and northeast of the Willis Tower with an address of 227 West Monroe Street. In the Loop community area of downtown Chicago, the supertall building is the tallest constructed in Chicago in the last quarter of the 20th century. It is the 5th tallest building in Chicago and the 13th tallest in the United States and it contains office and retail space and a 350-space garage. Tishman Speyer acquired the property in 2004 and renamed the adjacent USG Building as Franklin Center in 2007 after USG relocated its offices, the name was later applied to the entire complex. A1982 consent decree split the American Telephone & Telegraph Company monopoly into several entities with local service providers becoming part of a Regional Bell Operating Company, in the decade that followed, AT&T erected new buildings across the country including the AT&T Building in New York City. April 5,1985, AT&T issued a request for proposals that produced eleven respondents, Stein and Co. the winning realtor, sought Skidmore, Owings and Merrill as designers for the purpose of distinguishing a proposal from the nearby Willis Tower. AT&T employees began to occupy the office space April 3,1989, the building was built under a self-imposed comprehensive minority contracting and affirmative action package that met the citys 1985 30% hiring rule for public sector projects. Chicago mayor Harold Washingtons administration had passed an edict that 30% of the work for public sector projects be set aside for minority, in a show of support for this rule, Stein & Co. and AT&T adopted the rule for their private development. Designed by Adrian D. Smith of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, the buildings form features setbacks at the 15th, 30th and 45th floors. Designed in the architectural style, it is a granite-clad steel-framed building resting on pile foundations. The structure is characterized by vertical lines, spiked roof pinnacles, granite cladding. The granite is a red color at the base. Above the 5th floor, the lighter rose-beige granite is protected by silk-screened aluminum panels, the building relies on Gothic detailing to showcase verticality. The buildings verticality evokes images of 1920s buildings, and the sturdiness of the structure is reminiscent of the Chicago Board of Trade Building, in addition to its design, the building relies on its location at the farthest corner from the Willis Tower to set it apart. The Otis elevators are spanned by a series of neo-deco light bands extending wall to wall, the building boasts two public lobbies and a mezzanine-level lobby. The lobbies are among the most lavish in Chicago, and they are all decorated with patterned marble floors and walls, bronze, gold-leaf oak trim, and stylized lighting fixtures

40.
John Hancock Center
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The John Hancock Center is a 100-story,1, 128-foot supertall skyscraper at 875 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, United States. It was constructed under the supervision of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, with chief designer Bruce Graham, when the building topped out on May 6,1968, it was the second tallest building in the world and the tallest outside of New York City. When measured to the top of its masts, it stands at 1,500 feet. The building was named for John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company, from the 95th floor restaurant, diners can look out at Chicago and Lake Michigan. The Observatory, which competes with the Willis Towers Skydeck, has a 360° view of the city, up to four states, the Observatory has Chicagos only open-air SkyWalk and also features a free multimedia tour in six languages. The 44th-floor sky lobby features Americas highest indoor swimming pool, construction of the tower was interrupted in 1967 due to a flaw in an innovative engineering method used to pour concrete in stages that was discovered when the building was 20 stories high. The engineers were getting the same settlements for the 20 stories that had been built as what they had expected for the entire 99 stories. This forced the owner to stop development until the problem could be resolved. This situation is similar to the one faced during the construction of 111 West Wacker, wolmans bankruptcy resulted in John Hancock taking over the project, which retained the original design, architect, engineer, and main contractor. The buildings first resident was Ray Heckla, the building engineer. Heckla moved his family in April 1969, before the building was completed, wearing a wetsuit and using a climbing device that enabled him to ascend the I-beams on the buildings side, Goodwin battled repeated attempts by the Chicago Fire Department to knock him off. Fire Commissioner William Blair ordered Chicago firemen to stop Goodwin by directing a fully engaged fire hose at him, fearing for Goodwins life, Mayor Jane Byrne intervened and allowed him to continue to the top. The John Hancock Center was featured in the 1988 movie Poltergeist III, on December 18,1997, comedian Chris Farley was found dead in his apartment on the 60th floor of the John Hancock Center. On March 9,2002, part of a scaffold fell 43 stories after being torn loose by wind gusts around 60 mph crushing several cars, killing three people in two of them. The remaining part of the stage swung back-and-forth in the gusts repeatedly slamming against the building, damaging cladding panels, breaking windows, shorenstein had bought the building in 1998 for $220 million. Golub defaulted on its debt and the building was acquired in 2012 by Deutsche Bank AG who subsequently carved up the building, the observation deck was sold to Paris-based Montparnasse 56 Group for $35 million and $45 in July 2012. That same month, Prudential Real Estate Investors acquired the retail, in November 2012, Boston-based American Tower Corp affiliate paid $70 million for the antennas. In June 2013, a venture of Chicago-based real estate investment firm Hearn Co, the Chicago firm did not disclose a price, but sources said it was about $145 million

41.
Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)
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The Trump International Hotel and Tower, also known as Trump Tower Chicago and Trump Tower, is a skyscraper condo-hotel in downtown Chicago, Illinois. The building, named after businessman and current President of the United States, Donald Trump, was designed by architect Adrian Smith of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. Bovis Lend Lease built the 98-story structure, which reaches a height of 1,388 feet including its spire and it is next to the main branch of the Chicago River, with a view of the entry to Lake Michigan beyond a series of bridges over the river. When topped out in 2009, it became the fourth-tallest building in the US and it surpassed the citys John Hancock Center as the building with the highest residence in the world, and held this title until the completion of the Burj Khalifa. The design of the building includes, from the ground up, retail space, a parking garage, the 339-room hotel opened for business with limited accommodations and services on January 30,2008, then full accommodation and services on April 28. A restaurant on the 16th floor, Sixteen, opened in early 2008 to favorable reviews, the building topped out in late 2008 and construction was completed in 2009. As of 2015, the hotel is three in Chicago with an elite five-star Forbes Travel Guide rating. It hosts a restaurant that is one of three five-star Forbes-rated restaurants in the city and a spa that is one of six that is at least a four-star Forbes-rated in the Chicago area in 2015. Sixteen is one of five restaurants in Chicago with at least a Michelin Guide two-star rating in 2016, the tower sits at 401 North Wabash Avenue in the River North Gallery District, part of the Near North Side community area of Chicago. The building is across the Chicago River from the Chicago Loop and it is a block away from the southern end of the Magnificent Mile portion of Michigan Avenue. The restaurant, Sixteen, has a view of the Chicago Rivers entrance to Lake Michigan. The design of the building incorporates three setback features designed to provide continuity with the surrounding skyline, each reflecting the height of a nearby building. The third setback, on the east side, relates to 330 North Wabash building, however, some views distort the alignment of the second setback. The setbacks and rounded edges of the building combat vortex formation, the body of the building is raised 30 feet above the main Wabash entrance and 70 feet above the Chicago River. The buildings Permasteelisa curtain wall uses clear low-emissivity coated glass and a curved wing-shaped polished stainless-steel mullion system that projects 9 inches from the glass line and it incorporates a brushed stainless steel spandrel panels and clear anodized aluminum. The building has 2,600,000 square feet of space, rises to 98 stories. These include studio apartments, a mixture of suites with one to four bedrooms, the tower also features a luxury hotel condominium with 339 guest rooms. The building includes, from the ground up, retail space, a garage, a hotel

42.
Two Prudential Plaza
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Two Prudential Plaza is a 64-story skyscraper that was built in the Loop area of Chicago, Illinois, United States in 1990. At 995 feet tall, it is currently the sixth-tallest building in Chicago, the building is also currently the tallest building in the world that is under 1000 feet tall. The building was designed by the firm Loebl, Schlossman & Hackl and it has been honored with 8 awards, including winning the Best Structure Award from the Structural Engineers Association of Illinois in 1995. At the time of completion Two Prudential was the worlds tallest reinforced concrete building and its distinctive shape features stacked chevron setbacks on the north and south sides, a pyramidal peak rotated 45°, and an 80-foot spire. The building is attached to One Prudential Plaza, without its spire, the buildings height is still slightly greater than that of One Prudential Plazas pinnacle. The Consulate-General of Canada in Chicago is located in Suite 2400, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office of the Republic of China is on the 57th and 58th floors of the building. C. Frederick Wehba, BentleyForbes Official Site Official website Two Prudential Plaza on CTBUH Skyscraper Center Emporis entry for Two Prudential Plaza

43.
Willis Tower
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The Willis Tower, built as and still commonly referred to as Sears Tower, is a 108-story,1, 450-foot skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The building is considered an achievement for its architect Fazlur Kahn. The Willis Tower is the second-tallest building in the United States, more than one million people visit its observation deck each year, making it one of Chicagos most popular tourist destinations. The structure was renamed in 2009 by the Willis Group as part of its lease on a portion of the towers space, the buildings official address is 233 South Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606. In 1969, Sears, Roebuck & Co. was the largest retailer in the world, Sears executives decided to consolidate the thousands of employees in offices distributed throughout the Chicago area into one building on the western edge of Chicagos Loop. Sears asked its counsel, Arnstein, Gluck, Weitzenfeld & Minow to suggest a location. This latter site was decided upon, and preliminary inquiries determined that the necessary permits could be obtained, the next step was to acquire the property, a team of attorneys from the Arnstein law firm, headed by Andrew Adsit, began buying the property parcel by parcel. Sears purchased 15 old buildings from 100 owners and paid $2.7 million to the City of Chicago for the portion of Quincy Street that divided the property. Their team of architect Bruce Graham and structural engineer Fazlur Rahman Khan designed the building as nine square tubes, all nine tubes would rise up to the 50th floor of the building. At the 50th floor, the northwest and southeast tubes end, at the 66th floor, the northeast and the southwest tubes end. At the 90th floor, the north, east, and south tubes end, the remaining west and center tubes continue up to the 108th floor. The Willis Tower was the first building to use Khans bundled tube structure and this innovative design was structurally efficient and economic, at 1,450 feet, it provided more space and rose higher than the Empire State Building, yet cost much less per unit area. This structural system would prove influential in skyscraper construction. It has been used in most supertall buildings since then, including the worlds tallest building, to honor Khans contributions, the Structural Engineers Association of Illinois commissioned a sculpture of him for the lobby of the Willis Tower. The latter floor areas had to be designed to a plate, with a high window-space to floor-space ratio, to be attractive. Smaller floorplates required a structure to yield sufficient square footage. The height was restricted by a limit imposed by the Federal Aviation Administration to protect air traffic, the financing of the tower was provided by the Sears company. It was topped with two antennas to permit local television and radio broadcasts, Sears and the City of Chicago approved the design, and the first steel was put in place in April 1971

44.
35 East Wacker
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It was built from 1925 to 1927, and was co-designed by Joachim G. Giaver and Frederick P. Dinkelberg. It was once considered to be the tallest building in the world outside of New York City, for its first 14 years, the building had a car lift that served the first 23 floors and facilitated safe transfers for jewelry merchants. Currently, the French-American Chamber of Commerce in Chicago is a tenant, and the showroom of architect Helmut Jahn is atop the building inside the dome, the building is currently being renovated, with the facade being maintained, but the interiors converted into a more modern configuration. Both the Chicago chapter of the American Institute of Architects and the City of Chicago have recognized the project with awards. Mercury Records Feeding America The building is featured in scenes of the 2005 film Batman Begins. The 2011 film Transformers, Dark of the Moon features a climax set atop the building, in 2012, episode 2 of the first season of United States of America on the American History Channel featured the buildings historic elevator, made by the Otis Elevator Company. The building is shown in the TV series The Good Wife as the location of the law firm Lockhart/Gardner, emergency Call Ambulance, Arcade racing videogame - the player drives by this building in the third case. In the game however, a gas station that has no relation to reality, is located at the bottom of this building

Wacker Drive
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Wacker Drive is a major street in Chicago, Illinois, United States, running along the south side of the main branch and the east side of the south branch of the Chicago River. The vast majority of it is double-decked, the upper level intended for traffic. It is sometimes cited as a precursor to the modern freeway and it is the only street in the ci

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Left: Navy Pier 's fireworks over Lake Michigan beyond the Chicago River and the Michigan Avenue and Link Bridges with East Wacker on right; Left center: Willis Tower at 233 South Wacker; Right center: 333 West Wacker sits at the junction of east-west and north-south traffic; Right: 360 North Michigan, Mather Tower and 35 East Wacker on East Wacker west of Michigan Avenue and the Michigan Avenue Bridge.

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Wacker Drive

Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-la

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Clockwise from top: Downtown Chicago, the Chicago Theatre, the 'L', Navy Pier, Millennium Park, the Field Museum, and the Willis Tower.

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Traditional Potawatomi costume on display at the Field Museum

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An artist's rendering of the Great Chicago Fire of 1871

Illinois
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Illinois is a state in the midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1818. It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, the word Illinois comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word. For decades, OHare International Airport has been ranked as one of the worlds busiest airports, Il

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Mississippian copper plate found at the Saddle Site in Union County, Illinois

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Flag

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Illinois in 1718, approximate modern state area highlighted, from Carte de la Louisiane et du cours du Mississipi by Guillaume de L'Isle.

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Native women and children fleeing the Battle of Bad Axe during the Black Hawk War

Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a

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Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.

James McHugh Construction Co
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James McHugh Construction Co. is a privately owned company, and one of the largest construction managers and general contractors in the U. S. Founded in 1897 by James D. McHugh, an Irish bricklayer from Chicagos south side, by the mid-1920s, James McHugh Construction Co. had established itself as a general contractor specializing in elaborate mason

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James McHugh Construction Co.

Storey
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A storey is any level part of a building that could be used by people. The plurals are storeys and stories respectively, the terms floor, level, or deck can also be used in this sense, except that one may use ground floor and ground level for the floor closer to what is considered the ground or street level. The words storey and floor also generall

3.
A large elevator panel in a North American high-rise omits several floors as well as designating three separate levels as penthouse floors.

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An elevator control panel in an apartment building in Shanghai. Floors 4, 13 and 14 are missing.

Residential
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A residential area is a land use in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas. Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas and these include single-family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may tot

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Residential area in Helena, Montana, USA

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Suburban slum in Bhutan

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New inner city residences in Manhattan

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Residential area in Brooklyn about a century after it was developed

Skyscraper
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A skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building having multiple floors. When the term was used in the 1880s it described a building of 10 to 20 floors. Mostly designed for office, commercial and residential uses, a skyscraper can also be called a high-rise, for buildings above a height of 300 m, the term supertall can be used, while skyscra

1.
The Burj Khalifa, in Dubai (United Arab Emirates), has been the tallest skyscraper in the world since 2009, with a height of 829.8 m.

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The 16th-century city of Shibam consisted entirely of over 500 high-rise tower houses.

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The Two Towers of Bologna in the 12th century reached 97.2 m (319 ft) in height.

Lakeshore East
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Lakeshore East is a master-planned mixed use urban development being built by the Magellan Development Group in the Loop community area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is located in the part of the Loop, which. The development is bordered by Wacker Drive to the north, Columbus Drive to the west, Lake Shore Drive to the east,

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Chicago River is the south border (right) of the Near North Side and Streeterville and the north border (left) of Chicago Loop, Lakeshore East and Illinois Center (from Lake Shore Drive 's Link Bridge with Trump International Hotel and Tower at jog in the river in the center)

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Lakeshore East map depiction

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Illinois Central Railroad yard and old Lake Shore Drive

Loop, Chicago
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The Loop is the central business district of Chicago, Illinois. It is one of the citys 77 designated community areas, the Loop is home to Chicagos commercial core, City Hall, and the seat of Cook County. In the late century, cable car turnarounds and prominent elevated railway encircled the area. In what is now the Loop, on the bank of the Chicago

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The Loop

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In 1900

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View of the Chicago 'L' tracks, 35 East Wacker, and Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)

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East Monroe Drive

Community areas of Chicago
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These areas are well-defined and static. Census data are tied to the community areas, and they serve as the basis for a variety of urban planning initiatives on both the local and regional levels, the Social Science Research Committee at University of Chicago defined seventy-five community areas during the late 1920s. At the time, these community a

1.
Contents

2012 Chicago Summit
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The 2012 Chicago Summit was a meeting of the heads of state and heads of government of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, held in Chicago, Illinois, on 20 and 21 May 2012. This was the first time ever that a NATO summit was held in the United States outside of the capital, Washington. The event was scheduled to coincide and be held after the 2

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Logo of the 2012 Chicago Summit

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NATO command in Kabul

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Chicago mounted police, 2010

Federal Bureau of Investigation
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The Federal Bureau of Investigation is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nations prime federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U. S. Department of Justice, Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National

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J. Edgar Hoover, Director from 1924 to 1972.

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Seal of the Federal Bureau of Investigation

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FBI SWAT agents in a training exercise

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An FBI Agent tags the cockpit voice recorder from EgyptAir Flight 990 on the deck of the USS Grapple (ARS 53) at the crash site on November 13, 1999.

United States Secret Service
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The United States Secret Service is a federal law enforcement agency under the U. S. Department of Homeland Security. Until 2003, the Service was part of the U. S. Department of the Treasury, the Secret Services initial responsibility was to investigate counterfeiting of U. S. currency, which was rampant following the U. S. Civil War. The agency th

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Secret Service Special Agents and Special Officers (foreground) protecting the President of the United States, George W. Bush in 2007.

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Secret Service agents in response to the assassination attempt of Ronald Reagan by John Hinckley, Jr. on March 30, 1981

Chicago Tribune
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The Chicago Tribune is a daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, owned by tronc, Inc. formerly Tribune Publishing. The Tribune was founded by James Kelly, John E. Wheeler, forrest, publishing its first edition on June 10,1847. The paper saw numerous changes in ownership and editorship over the eight years. Initially, the Tribune

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An 1870 advertisement for Chicago Tribune subscriptions.

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The lead editorial in the first issue the Chicago Tribune published after the Great Chicago Fire

Outer Drive East
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400 East Randolph Street Condominiums or simply 400 East Randolph is a 40-story high-rise in Chicago, Illinois, designed by Reinheimer & Associates. The building primarily consists of condominiums, though there are a few businesses. Situated on East Randolph Street on the New Eastside, the building sits between the Buckingham to its west and Harbor

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Outer Drive East

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from BP Pedestrian Bridge

Blue Cross Blue Shield Tower
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It is home to the headquarters of Health Care Service Corporation. The buildings address is 300 E. Randolph and is located next to the Aon Center, original plans had hoped to connect the two buildings via an underground pedway, but the plans never came to fruition. Architect James Goettsch of Goettsch Partners designed the building, the 33-story fi

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Blue Cross Blue Shield Tower

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Photo from 2007 prior to expansion

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2010 - Showing the buildings new height in relation to surrounding

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Photo from Sept. 2008 during expansion

The Buckingham (Chicago)
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The Buckingham, formerly known as Buckingham Plaza, is a 44-story all-residential condominium designed by Fujikawa Johnson & Associates. Located on East Randolph Street in Chicago, Illinois, the building sits between the new 340 on the Park building to its west and the older Outer Drive East building to its east. Two parks, Millennium Park and Lake

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The Buckingham

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from BP Pedestrian Bridge

Harbor Point (Chicago)
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Built in 1972, Harbor Point Condominiums is a residential and commercial building in Chicago, Illinois, United States, on Lake Michigan. It was the first original condominium building in the city, standing nearly 168 meters with 54 floors, it is among the tallest buildings in Chicago. The building has views of both Grant and Millennium Parks and si

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Harbor Point

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on right from BP Pedestrian Bridge

The Parkshore
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The Parkshore is a 556 ft tall skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. It was completed in 1991 and has 56 floors, barancik Conte designed the building, which is the 53rd tallest in Chicago. List of tallest buildings in Chicago The Parkshore

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The Parkshore

North Harbor Tower
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North Harbor Tower is a 556 ft tall skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, US. It was completed in 1988 and has 55 floors, fujikawa Johnson & Associates designed the building, which is the 53rd tallest in Chicago. Each window in the building has a projection to take advantage of skyline, park, lake. In January 2016, Crescent Heights agreed to purchase th

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North Harbor Tower

340 on the Park
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340 on the Park is a residential tower in the Lakeshore East development of the neighborhood of New Eastside/ East Loop Chicago and was completed in 2007. The building briefly surpassed 55 East Erie as the tallest all-residential building in Chicago and it is currently the second tallest all-residential building in Chicago at 672 feet with 62 floor

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View from Millennium Park July 29, 2007

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Site of 340 on the Park from BP Pedestrian Bridge (2004-11-09)

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The southwest view from 340 on the Park includes Millennium Park, Art Institute of Chicago, Historic Michigan Boulevard District and Chicago Loop.

Aqua (skyscraper)
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Aqua is an 82-story mixed-use residential skyscraper in the Lakeshore East development in downtown Chicago, Illinois. Designed by a led by Jeanne Gang of Studio Gang Architects, with James Loewenberg of Loewenberg & Associates as the Architect of Record. The buildings eighty-story,140,000 sq ft base is topped by a 82,550 sq ft terrace with gardens,

The Lancaster
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The Lancaster was the first luxury residential condominium tower completed at Lakeshore East in Chicago. Finished in 2005, the 30-story building features a design with glass, steel. Approximately 200 residential units occupy floors 1-29, and the 30th floor provides access to a roof deck. All units have private balconies as well, the Lancaster was d

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The Lancaster

The Regatta
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The Regatta is a 44-story high-rise designed by DeStefano + Partners and developed by Magellan Development Group. Completed in 2006, The Regatta is located at 420 E. Waterside Drive in the Lakeshore East area of Chicago, the towers dual elliptical glass curtain walls were designed to reflect the surrounding blues of the Chicago River and Lake Michi

Chicago Pedway
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With a length of more than 40 downtown blocks, it contains shops, restaurants and public art and helps pedestrians in inclement weather. Most connections to the pedway are commercial or government buildings, including hotels, columbus Plaza, The Heritage at Millennium Park, the Park Millennium,200 North Dearborn Apartments, and Aqua are the only re

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Sign of the Chicago Pedway.

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A typical Pedway underground tunnel.

Chicago River
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The Chicago River is a system of rivers and canals with a combined length of 156 miles that runs through the city of Chicago, including its center. The River is also noteworthy for its natural and man-made history, in 1999, this system was named a Civil Engineering Monument of the Millennium by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The river is

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Chicago River at night in August 2015

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A view of the Chicago River from the South Branch, looking toward the Main Stem (right) and the North Branch (upper left) at Wolf Point

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Urban Kayakers take a break at Wolf Point with 333 West Wacker, Lake Street Bridge and the south skyline in the background

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The Main Stem of the river, Wrigley Building, and Tribune Tower at night.

Columbus Drive (Chicago)
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Columbus Drive is a north-south street in Chicago, Illinois which bisects Grant Park. It is 300 East in Chicagos street numbering system and its south end is an interchange with Lake Shore Drive at Soldier Field. After intersecting Illinois Street, it becomes Fairbanks Court and continues to the north, in the Illinois Center development, the main l

Grant Park (Chicago)
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Grant Park is a large urban park in the Loop community area of Chicago. Located in Chicagos central business district, the parks most notable features are Millennium Park, Buckingham Fountain, the Art Institute of Chicago, originally known as Lake Park, and dating from the citys founding, it was renamed in 1901 to honor Ulysses S. Grant. The parks

Illinois Center
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Illinois Center is a mixed-use urban development in downtown Chicago, Illinois, USA, lying east of Michigan Avenue. It is notable in that the running through it have three levels. Elsewhere in Chicago, some streets have two levels, with the level for through traffic and service vehicles and the upper level for other local traffic. In Illinois Cente

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Chicago River is the south border (right) of the Near North Side and Streeterville and the north border (left) of Chicago Loop, Lakeshore East and Illinois Center (viewed from Lake Shore Drive 's Link Bridge with Trump International Hotel and Tower at jog in the river in the center)

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The former Illinois Central Railroad freight terminal with 333 North Michigan, Wrigley Building, and Tribune Tower in the background (April 1943)

Lake Shore Drive
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Lake Shore Drive is an expressway running parallel with and alongside the shoreline of Lake Michigan through Chicago, Illinois, USA. Except for the north of Foster Avenue, Lake Shore Drive is designated as part of U. S. Highway 41. From the Chicago River south to 57th Street was named Leif Ericson Drive in 1927, the roadway was nicknamed Field Boul

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View of Lake Shore Drive at the edge of Lake Michigan crossing the Chicago River

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Left: The double-decker Link Bridge across the Chicago River; Wacker Drive is visible in the background; Left center: The S-Curve, 1974; Right center: Looking northeast across Lakeshore East at triple-decker Wacker Drive. The road to the west is older; only the middle level continues east. Lake Shore Drive used to intersect the upper level and turn west here. The Link Bridge is in the background; Right: Palmer Mansion

Lake Michigan
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Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America and the only one located entirely within the United States. The other four Great Lakes are shared by the U. S. and it is the second-largest of the Great Lakes by volume and the third-largest by surface area, after Lake Superior and Lake Huron. Lake Michigan is shared, from west to east,

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Landsat image

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The Milwaukee lakefront

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Sunset over Lake Michigan from Grand Traverse Point

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Sand dune on Lake Michigan at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore

Millennium Park
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Millennium Park is a public park located in the Loop community area of Chicago in Illinois, US, and originally intended to celebrate the second millennium. It is a prominent civic center near the citys Lake Michigan shoreline that covers a 24. 5-acre section of northwestern Grant Park, the area was previously occupied by parkland, Illinois Central

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Millennium Park as seen from the north in 2005

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(Left) Lake Front Park in 1883; (Right) Art Institute of Chicago in 1893, showing a structure on the Millennium Park site (lower left corner), railroad tracks, and Lake Michigan covering most of Grant Park

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Views of what became Millennium Park in 1981: (Left) Train on tracks, now under what became Chase Promenade South; (Right) View from the Willis Tower of rail yards and parking lots, with Richard J. Daley Bicentennial Plaza beyond

New Eastside
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The Loop is the central business district of Chicago, Illinois. It is one of the citys 77 designated community areas, the Loop is home to Chicagos commercial core, City Hall, and the seat of Cook County. In the late century, cable car turnarounds and prominent elevated railway encircled the area. In what is now the Loop, on the bank of the Chicago

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The Loop

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In 1900

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View of the Chicago 'L' tracks, 35 East Wacker, and Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)

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East Monroe Drive

Randolph Street
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Randolph Street is a street in Chicago. It serves as the boundary of Grant Park and the Chicago Landmark Historic Michigan Boulevard District. Metras Millennium Station is located under Randolph Street, Randolph Street was named for Randolph County, Illinois, in turn named after Edmund Randolph, Governor of Virginia, Secretary of State, and the fir

List of tallest buildings in Chicago
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Chicago, the third-largest city in the United States, is home to 1,315 completed high-rises,44 of which stand taller than 600 feet. The tallest building in the city is the 108–story Willis Tower, the second-, third- and fourth-tallest buildings in Chicago are the Trump International Hotel & Tower, the Aon Center and the John Hancock Center, respect

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View of Chicago from Willis Tower, looking to the northeast

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Tallest buildings in Chicago

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01.0 1

4.
02.0 2

List of tallest buildings
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This list of tallest buildings in the world ranks skyscrapers by height. Only buildings with continuously occupiable floors are included, thus non-building structures and it maintains a list of the 100 tallest completed buildings in the world. The organization currently ranks Burj Khalifa in Dubai as the tallest at 828 m, the CTBUH only recognizes

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The 828m tall Burj Khalifa in Dubai has been the tallest building in the world since 2008. The Burj Khalifa has been classified as Megatall.

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Shanghai Tower in Shanghai, China is the 2nd tallest building in the world.

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The Abraj Al-Bait Towers in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, is the tallest hotel, and the 3rd tallest building in the world.

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One World Trade Center in New York City, is the 5th tallest building in the world and tallest in the Western Hemisphere.

Aon Center (Chicago)
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With 83 floors and a height of 1,136 feet, it is the third tallest building in Chicago, surpassed in height by the Willis Tower and the Trump International Hotel and Tower. The building is managed by Jones Lang LaSalle, which is headquartered in the building. Aon Center formerly had the headquarters of Aon and Amoco, Aons US operations are headquar

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The Aon Center, designed by Edward Durell Stone, in February 2005

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from south

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Looking up the building from the ground.

Franklin Center (Chicago)
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The Franklin Center is a 60-story supertall skyscraper completed in 1989 as the AT&T Corporate Center to consolidate the central region headquarters of the American Telephone & Telegraph Company. It stands at a height of 1,007 ft and contains 1,700,000 sq ft in the Loop neighborhood of downtown Chicago. It is located two blocks east of the Chicago

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Franklin Center

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Franklin Street facade

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The top of the Franklin Center

John Hancock Center
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The John Hancock Center is a 100-story,1, 128-foot supertall skyscraper at 875 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, United States. It was constructed under the supervision of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, with chief designer Bruce Graham, when the building topped out on May 6,1968, it was the second tallest building in the world and the talles

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John Hancock Center viewed from Lake Michigan in August 2015

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The John Hancock Center

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As seen from the Willis Tower. Lake Michigan is seen in backdrop.

Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)
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The Trump International Hotel and Tower, also known as Trump Tower Chicago and Trump Tower, is a skyscraper condo-hotel in downtown Chicago, Illinois. The building, named after businessman and current President of the United States, Donald Trump, was designed by architect Adrian Smith of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. Bovis Lend Lease built the 98-s

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Trump International Hotel and Tower as viewed from the Chicago River

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The site of the tower was occupied by the former Chicago Sun-Times building (low-rise building at left).

3.
Trump Tower from ground level

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The 1.2-acre (0.49 ha) riverfront park and riverwalk runs between Wrigley Building (right) and the hotel (left) at the foot of Rush Street

Two Prudential Plaza
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Two Prudential Plaza is a 64-story skyscraper that was built in the Loop area of Chicago, Illinois, United States in 1990. At 995 feet tall, it is currently the sixth-tallest building in Chicago, the building is also currently the tallest building in the world that is under 1000 feet tall. The building was designed by the firm Loebl, Schlossman & H

Willis Tower
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The Willis Tower, built as and still commonly referred to as Sears Tower, is a 108-story,1, 450-foot skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The building is considered an achievement for its architect Fazlur Kahn. The Willis Tower is the second-tallest building in the United States, more than one million people visit its observation deck ea

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The Sears Tower in 1998

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Willis Tower at dusk, seen from the Loop

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The Sears Tower during its construction, in 1973

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Willis Tower from across the Chicago River

35 East Wacker
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It was built from 1925 to 1927, and was co-designed by Joachim G. Giaver and Frederick P. Dinkelberg. It was once considered to be the tallest building in the world outside of New York City, for its first 14 years, the building had a car lift that served the first 23 floors and facilitated safe transfers for jewelry merchants. Currently, the French

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35 East Wacker

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333 North Michigan, 360 North Michigan, Mather Tower and 35 East Wacker

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This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2009)

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"On the evening of December 1, 1885, the tower of the new Board of Trade was illuminated by one of the most powerful lights ever devised,...and can be seen at a distance of sixty miles". The lights were provided with power from the building's own generator.

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Large room, with flags and banners for Lincoln's 100th birthday, 1909