Limits - Thinking is twisted to objects and events-Can't think outside the box and make theories.

Formal

Abilities - Can think outside the box and make and make theories about things.

Limits- Still egocentrics Personals fable Imagine audience

Secure Attachment

when exposed to the stranges the infant seeks closeness and contact with mother.

Anxious - Avoidant

Child does not seek close contact with mother and shows little emotion when mother depart or returns.

Anxious ambivalent attachment

Becomes very Upset when mother leaves the room when mother return the child seek closeness the squirms angrily away.

Approach Avoidance

Moya really wants to study so she can pas her psychology exam tomorrow, but she also wants to go out with her new boyfriend tonight. This is an example of _____ conflict.

Emotion Focus Coping

Logan rationalized that not making the basketball team would give him more time to focus on his studies and finish college sooner. This is an example of ______.

Cortisol

________ plays a critical role in the long-term effects of stress, and is the most common measure of stress.

General Adaptation Syndrome

A physiological alarm reaction, followed by resistance, and ending with exhaustion is known as _____.

Developmental Psychology

What is the study of age-related changes in behavior and mental processes from conception to death called?

Object Permanence

When five-Month old jessica learns that mommy continues to exist even when she is quietly resting in another room, Jessica has developed _____.

Concrete Operational

Once a child can perform mental operations on concrete objects, and understand the principles of conservation and reversibility, she has reached Piaget's ______ Stage.

Germinal, Embryonic, Fetal

Prenatal development includes three stages, These are:

Exercise

Which of these is NOT teratogen?

Motor Development

Eleven Month Old Kevin is till unable to pull himself up and hold onto furniture. This shows he has a delay in:

Law and Order

The excuse of officers in Wold War 2, the Vietnam War, and the war in Bosnia that "i was just following orders," is an example of which stage of moral development?

Trust vs. mistrust; industry vs. inferiority

During the ___ stage of psychosocial development, individuals decide whether the world is good and satisfying or painful and unrewarding whereas during the ______ stage, individuals develop a sense of competency or insecurity.

Identity versus role confusion

Robert is an adolescent who is sullen and withdrawn. He doesn't seem to know where he fits in society. As a result, Robert may have difficulty resolving the _____ developmental stage.

Homeostasis (balance)

In the drive reduction theory, motivation decreases once ____ occurs.

Arousal Motive

Curiosity is another form of _______motive.

Psychological needs

According to maslow's view of motivation, if you haven't eaten all day, your thoughts will be MOST focused on your ____.

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Your best friend just won the lottery. Even though you may experience envy, you also cannot help feeling excited along with him because you are both grinning from ear to ear. This reaction supports the ______ regarding the origin and intensification of emotion.

cortisol and epinephrine

The two chemicals released during the fight or flight stress response that are associated with the development of heart disease are _____.

Authoritative; authoritarianAuthoritative; authoritarian

_____ parents set firm limits, encourage increasing levels of responsibility, and are sensitive and caring toward their children, whereas _____ parents value unquestioning obedience and mature responsibility, and remain detached and aloof from their children.

exhaustion

After exposure to a severe and prolonged stressor, illness and death may occur in the _____ phase of the general adaptation syndrome

Martino believes he can bring his "C" up to an "A" or "B" next time.

According to the cognitive theory of motivation, which of the following students is MOST likely to study hard for their next psychology exam?

far enough away from the basket for it to be challenging, but close enough to allow for some successes

Harold has a high need for achievement. Based on this information, you can most accurately predict that given an opportunity to throw ten free shots from anywhere on a basketball court, Harold will stand _____.

Cannon-Bard

Ishaya was startled awake by a major earthquake. He immediately felt frightened, broke out in a cold sweat, and jumped out of bed to run for cover-all in the same instant. This description of Ishaya's experience BEST fits the ______ theory of emotion.

Incentive theory

You just stuffed yourself with a hot dog, a large tub of popcorn, and a box of Milk Duds while watching a movie. When you come out of the theater, you smell the cinnamon buns across the mall and decide to get one even though you are full. This can BEST be explained by _____.

Moral Development

Morality may be prewired and evolutionarily based. Evolution may have provided us with biologically based provisions for moral acts.

Kohlberg's Theory

He developed a highly influential model of moral development called "moral stories'.

Kohlberg's three major criticisms

Moral reasoning versus behavior, Cultural differences, Gender bias

Preconventional (Stages 1&2)

Birth to adolescence- Moral judgment is self centered. What is right is what one can get away with or what is personally satisfying. Morality is based on rewards, punishments, and the exchange of favors.

Conventional (Stages 3&4)

Adolescence and young adulthood - Moral judgments are based on compliance with rules and values of society. Good child orientation - Obeys rules to get approval. Law and order orientation-obeys laws because they maintain the social order.

Easy children - happy most of the timeDifficult children - moody, easily frustrated, tense and overreactiveSlow-to-warm-up - mild responses,somewhat shy and withdrawn and needed time to adjust to new experiences or people

Which of Erikson's Eight States of Psychosocial Development is when infants learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers and the world based on whether or not their needs are met?

Stage 2 Autonomy versus shame and doubt (ages 1-3)

Which of Erikson's Eight States of Psychosocial Development is when toddlers start to assert their sense of independence?

Stage 3 Initiative versus guilt (ages 3-6)

Which of Erikson's Eight States of Psychosocial Development is when preschoolers learn to initiate activities and develop self confidence and a sense of social responsibility?

Stage 4 Industry versus inferiority (ages 6-12)

Which of Erikson's Eight States of Psychosocial Development is when elementary school aged children who succeed in learning new, productive life skills develop a sense of pride and competence?

Stage 5 Identity versus role confusion (ages 12-20)

Which of Erikson's Eight States of Psychosocial Development is when adolescents develop a coherent and stable self definition by exploring many roles and deciding who or what they want to be in terms of career, attitudes,. etc.

Stage 6 Intimacy versus isolation (early adulthood)

Which of Erikson's Eight States of Psychosocial Development is when young adults form lasting, meaningful relationships, which help them develop a sense of connectedness and intimacy with others.

Stage 7 Generativity versus stagnation (middle adulthood)

Which of Erikson's Eight States of Psychosocial Development is when the challenge for middle-aged adults is to be nurturant of the younger generation. Failing to meet this challenge leads to self-indulgence.

Stage 8 Ego integrity versus despair (late adulthood)

Which of Erikson's Eight States of Psychosocial Development is when older adults reflect on their past? If this reflection reveals a life well-spent,the person experiences self-satisfaction. If not, the person experiences regret.

Motivation

What is a set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior usually toward some goal?

Biological: Instinct

Which theory of motivation emphasizes inborn, genetic factors in motivation? Factors are unlearned and the same across all species.

Biological: Drive Reduction

Which theory of motivation is when a biological need creates a drive toward behavior that will satisfy the original need? Once the need is met, a state of balance (homeostasis) is restored and motivation decreases.

Biological: Optimal Arousal

Which theory of motivation is when organisms are motivated to achieve and maintain an optimal level of arousal that maximizes their performance?

Psychological: Incentive

Which theory of motivation results from external stimuli that "pull" the organism in certain directions?

Psychological: Cognitive

Which theory of motivation is explaining things to ourselves? It is or how we interpret or think about our own or others' actions. For example, you get a good grade on a test. You interpret that grade as you studied hard, you "lucked out" or you found the book so interesting that studying came easy.

Biopsychosocial: Maslow's Hierarchy of needs

Which theory of motivation is where lower biological motives ( such as hunger and first) must be satisfied before advancing to higher needs (such as belonging and self-fulfillment)

Intrinsic Motivation

What is it called when your motivation comes from internal, personal satisfaction from a task or activity?

Extrinsic Motivation

What is it called when your motivation comes from external rewards or threats of punishment?

Cannon-Bard Theory

Which theory says that emotions and physiological changes occur at the same time? For example, I'm crying and feeling sad at the same time..

James-Lange Theory

Which theory says that an experience of emotion results from physiological changes, rather than being their cause? For example, I feel sad because I am crying. Meaning each emotion is distinct.

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Which theory says that movements of the facial muscles produce and /or intensify our subjective experience of emotion? For example, you see a bear, the brain activates facial movements and these facial changes then initiate and intensify emotions.

Schacter's Two-Factor Theory

Which theory says that emotion depends on two things - physiological arousal and cognitive labeling of that arousal? For example, crying at a wedding is interpreted as joy or happiness. Crying at a funeral is interpreted as sadness.