HOUSTON – (March 2, 2017) – While Mexico’s energy reform will most likely produce vigorous activity, progress and growth in the country’s energy sector, the reform was not the result of the participation of all relevant players, nor were all relevant policy options discussed, according to a new paper from the Mexico Center at Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy.

The authors analyzed how the reform came to be approved in 2013 by 77 percent of the senators in the Mexican Congress. They examined the reform’s primary supporters (a center-right, market-centric coalition) and detractors (a broad, nationalistic center-left faction), the multidimensional interests at play and the negotiation strategies used. They also analyzed the quality of the priority deliberation process to determine the degree of legitimacy of the reform.

“The energy reform will most likely produce dynamism and growth in the energy sector in Mexico, especially considering that its content was the result of highly complex technical analyses,” the authors wrote. “Those who participated in the design of the secondary laws are mostly proven specialists in the field and had as a primary goal improving the effectiveness, productivity and fiscal sustainability of the Mexican energy sector. However, the reform was not the result of the participation of all relevant players, nor were all relevant policy options discussed. Players who were excluded or only participated marginally cannot expect to share in the benefits of the reform. In the case of some communities, their exclusion surely will translate into mistrust toward energy projects, as well as conflict and an impasse in their relationship with companies.”

The paper was written for a Mexico Center research project examining the rule of law in Mexico and the challenges it poses to implementing the country’s energy reform. The project’s findings are compiled in a Spanish-language book and are being posted on the Baker Institute’s website in English.

Mexico’s energy sector had been under strict governmental management since 1938. This changed in 2013 and 2014 when Mexico amended its constitution and passed legislation overhauling its energy sector to allow private and foreign investments. “The most recent energy reform in Mexico, which allows for private and foreign investment in the exploration, production, storage and transportation of hydrocarbons, is the most radical institutional change this country has undergone since the legendary expropriation of oil companies by President Lazaro Cardenas in 1938,” the authors wrote.

“Representative democracy allows for partial representation of interests and perspectives when the votes of the majority coalition are sufficient,” the authors wrote. “The cost of such partiality is a deficit of democratic legitimacy that may translate into technical shortcomings, a propensity for social conflict, resistance to its implementation and rejection of the reform by citizens. The alternative is to correct such shortcomings through public policies based on a more inclusive deliberation process, such as the one that gave rise to the Energy Transition Act (which contains goals and mechanisms for the incorporation of renewable energies into the country’s electric grid). Technocracy and democratic legitimacy do not always get along well, but they are not theoretically incompatible.”

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For more information or to schedule an interview with del Tronco or Hernandez, contact Jeff Falk, associate director of national media relations at Rice, at jfalk@rice.edu or 713-348-6775.

Founded in 1993, Rice University’s Baker Institute ranks among the top five university-affiliated think tanks in the world. As a premier nonpartisan think tank, the institute conducts research on domestic and foreign policy issues with the goal of bridging the gap between the theory and practice of public policy. The institute’s strong track record of achievement reflects the work of its endowed fellows, Rice University faculty scholars and staff, coupled with its outreach to the Rice student body through fellow-taught classes — including a public policy course — and student leadership and internship programs. Learn more about the institute at www.bakerinstitute.org or on the institute’s blog, http://blogs.chron.com/bakerblog.