NurembergNuremberg (/ˈnjʊərəmbɜːrɡ/; German: Nürnberg; pronounced
[ˈnʏɐ̯nbɛɐ̯k] ( listen)[2]) is a city on the river
Pegnitz and on the
Rhine–Main–Danube CanalRhine–Main–Danube Canal in the German state of
Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia, about 170
kilometres (110 mi) north of Munich. It is the second-largest
city in
BavariaBavaria (after Munich), and the largest in
FranconiaFranconia (German:
Franken). As of February 2015[update] it had a population of
517,498, making it Germany's fourteenth-largest city. The urban area
also includes Fürth,
ErlangenErlangen and Schwabach, with a total population
of 763,854. As of 2016[update] the "European Metropolitan Area
Nuremberg" had approximately 3.5 million inhabitants.[3]

Contents

1 History

1.1 Middle Ages
1.2 Early modern age
1.3 After the Great French War
1.4 Nazi era
1.5
NurembergNuremberg trials

NurembergNuremberg was, according to the first documentary mention of the city
in 1050, the location of an
Imperial castleImperial castle between the East Franks
and the Bavarian March of the Nordgau.[4] From 1050 to 1571, the city
expanded and rose dramatically in importance due to its location on
key trade routes. King Conrad III established a burgraviate, with the
first burgraves coming from the Austrian House of Raab but, with the
extinction of their male line around 1190, the burgraviate was
inherited by the last count's son-in-law, of the House of
Hohenzollern. From the late 12th century to the Interregnum
(1254–73), however, the power of the burgraves diminished as the
HohenstaufenHohenstaufen emperors transferred most non-military powers to a
castellan, with the city administration and the municipal courts
handed over to an Imperial mayor (German: Reichsschultheiß) from
1173/74.[4][5] The strained relations between the burgraves and the
castellan, with gradual transferral of powers to the latter in the
late 14th and early 15th centuries, finally broke out into open
enmity, which greatly influenced the history of the city.[5]

The Imperial Castle

NurembergNuremberg is often referred to as having been the 'unofficial capital'
of the Holy Roman Empire, particularly because Imperial Diet
(Reichstag) and courts met at
NurembergNuremberg Castle. The Diets of Nuremberg
were an important part of the administrative structure of the empire.
The increasing demand of the royal court and the increasing importance
of the city attracted increased trade and commerce to Nuremberg. In
1219, Frederick II granted the Großen Freiheitsbrief (Great Letter of
Freedom), including town rights,
Imperial immediacyImperial immediacy (Reichsfreiheit),
the privilege to mint coins, and an independent customs policy, almost
wholly removing the city from the purview of the burgraves.[4][5]
NurembergNuremberg soon became, with Augsburg, one of the two great trade
centers on the route from
ItalyItaly to Northern Europe.
In 1298, the Jews of the town were accused of having desecrated the
host, and 698 of them were killed in one of the many Rintfleisch
Massacres. Behind the massacre of 1298 was also the desire to combine
the northern and southern parts of the city, which were divided by the
Pegnitz. The Jews of the German lands suffered many massacres during
the plague years. In 1349, Nuremberg's Jews were subjected to a
pogrom.[6] They were burned at the stake or expelled, and a
marketplace was built over the former Jewish quarter.[7]
The plague returned to the city in 1405, 1435, 1437, 1482, 1494, 1520
and 1534.[8]

The largest gains for
NurembergNuremberg were in the 14th century; including
Charles IV's Golden Bull of 1356, naming
NurembergNuremberg as the city where
newly elected kings of
GermanyGermany must hold their first Imperial Diet,
making
NurembergNuremberg one of the three most important cities of the
Empire.[4] Charles was the patron of the Frauenkirche, built between
1352 and 1362 (the architect was likely Peter Parler), where the
Imperial court worshipped during its stays in Nuremberg. The royal and
Imperial connection was strengthened when Sigismund of Luxembourg
granted the Imperial regalia to be kept permanently in
NurembergNuremberg in
1423, where they remained until 1796, when the advancing French troops
required their removal to
RegensburgRegensburg and thence to Vienna.[4]
In 1349 the members of the guilds unsuccessfully rebelled against the
patricians in the Handwerkeraufstand (Craftsmen's Uprising), supported
by merchants and some councillors, leading to a ban on any
self-organisation of the artisans in the city, abolishing the guilds
that were customary elsewhere in Europe; the unions were then
dissolved, and the oligarchs remained in power while
NurembergNuremberg was a
free city.[4][5] Charles IV conferred upon the city the right to
conclude alliances independently, thereby placing it upon a
politically equal footing with the princes of the empire.[5] Frequent
fights took place with the burgraves without, however, inflicting
lasting damage upon the city. After the castle had been destroyed by
fire in 1420 during a feud between Frederick IV (since 1417 margrave
of Brandenburg) and the duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt, the ruins and the
forest belonging to the castle were purchased by the city (1427),
resulting in the city's total sovereignty within its borders. Through
these and other acquisitions the city accumulated considerable
territory.[5] The Hussite Wars, recurrence of the
Black DeathBlack Death in 1437,
and the
First Margrave War led to a severe fall in population in the
mid-15th century.[5] At the beginning of the 16th century, siding with
Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria-Munich, in the
LandshutLandshut War of Succession
led the city to gain substantial territory, resulting in lands of
25 sq mi (64.7 km2), becoming one of the largest
Imperial cities.[5] During the Middle Ages, Nuremberg's literary
culture was rich, varied, and influential.[9]
Early modern age[edit]

Map of Nuremberg, 1648

The cultural flowering of Nuremberg, in the 15th and 16th centuries,
made it the centre of the German Renaissance. In 1525, Nuremberg
accepted the Protestant Reformation, and in 1532, the religious Peace
of Nuremberg, by which the Lutherans gained important concessions, was
signed there.[5] During the 1552 revolution against Charles V,
NurembergNuremberg tried to purchase its neutrality, but the city was attacked
without a declaration of war and was forced into a disadvantageous
peace.[5] At the Peace of Augsburg, the possessions of the Protestants
were confirmed by the Emperor, their religious privileges extended and
their independence from the Bishop of
BambergBamberg affirmed, while the
1520s' secularisation of the monasteries was also approved.[5]

Wolffscher Bau of the old city hall

The state of affairs in the early 16th century, increased trade routes
elsewhere and the ossification of the social hierarchy and legal
structures contributed to the decline in trade.[5] Frequent quartering
of Imperial, Swedish and League soldiers, the financial costs of the
war and the cessation of trade caused irreparable damage to the city
and a near-halving of the population.[5] In 1632, the city, occupied
by the forces of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, was besieged by the army
of Imperial general Albrecht von Wallenstein. The city declined after
the war and recovered its importance only in the 19th century, when it
grew as an industrial centre. Even after the Thirty Years' War,
however, there was a late flowering of architecture and culture –
secular
Baroque architectureBaroque architecture is exemplified in the layout of the civic
gardens built outside the city walls, and in the Protestant city's
rebuilding of the Egidienkirche, destroyed by fire at the beginning of
the 18th century, considered a significant contribution to the baroque
church architecture of Middle Franconia.[4]
After the Thirty Years' War,
NurembergNuremberg attempted to remain detached
from external affairs, but contributions were demanded for the War of
the Austrian Succession and the
Seven Years' WarSeven Years' War and restrictions of
imports and exports deprived the city of many markets for its
manufactures.[5] The Bavarian elector, Charles Theodore, appropriated
part of the land obtained by the city during the
LandshutLandshut War of
Succession, to which
BavariaBavaria had maintained its claim; Prussia also
claimed part of the territory. Realising its weakness, the city asked
to be incorporated into Prussia but Frederick William II refused,
fearing to offend Austria,
RussiaRussia and France.[5] At the Imperial diet
in 1803, the independence of
NurembergNuremberg was affirmed, but on the
signing of the
Confederation of the RhineConfederation of the Rhine on 12 July 1806, it was
agreed to hand the city over to
BavariaBavaria from 8 September, with Bavaria
guaranteeing the amortisation of the city's 12.5 million guilder
public debt.[5]
After the Great French War[edit]
See also: Kingdom of Bavaria

The British-built Adler was the locomotive of the first German Railway
between
NurembergNuremberg and Fürth.

After the fall of Napoleon, the city's trade and commerce revived; the
skill of its inhabitants together with its favourable situation soon
made the city prosperous, particularly after its public debt had been
acknowledged as a part of the Bavarian national debt. Having been
incorporated into a Catholic country, the city was compelled to
refrain from further discrimination against Catholics, who had been
excluded from the rights of citizenship. Catholic services had been
celebrated in the city by the priests of the Teutonic Order, often
under great difficulties. After their possessions had been confiscated
by the Bavarian government in 1806, they were given the Frauenkirche
on the Market in 1809; in 1810 the first Catholic parish was
established, which in 1818 numbered 1,010 souls.[5]
In 1817, the city was incorporated into the district of Rezatkreis
(named for the river Franconian Rezat), which was renamed to Middle
FranconiaFranconia (German: Mittelfranken) on 1 January 1838.[5] The first
German railway, the Bavarian Ludwigsbahn, from
NurembergNuremberg to nearby
Fürth, was opened in 1835. The establishment of railways and the
incorporation of
BavariaBavaria into
ZollvereinZollverein (the 19th-century German
Customs Union), commerce and industry opened the way to greater
prosperity.[5] In 1852, there were 53,638 inhabitants: 46,441
Protestants and 6,616 Catholics. It subsequently grew to become the
most important industrial city of
BavariaBavaria and one of the most
prosperous towns of southern
GermanyGermany but after the Austrian prussian
war it was given to prussia in governmental power in extange for part
of the taxes from there[5] In 1905, its population, including several
incorporated suburbs, was 291,351: 86,943 Catholics, 196,913
Protestants, 3,738 Jews and 3,766 members of other creeds.[5]
Nazi era[edit]

During the Second World War,
NurembergNuremberg was the headquarters of
WehrkreisWehrkreis (military district) XIII, and an important site for military
production, including aircraft, submarines and tank engines. A subcamp
of
Flossenbürg concentration campFlossenbürg concentration camp was located here, and extensively
used slave labour.[10] The city was severely damaged in Allied
strategic bombing from 1943 to 1945. On 29 March 1944, the RAF endured
its heaviest losses in the bombing campaign of Germany. Out of more
than 700 planes participating, 106 were shot down or crash-landed on
the way home to their bases, and more than 700 men were missing, as
many as 545 of them dead. More than 160 became prisoners of war.[11]
On 2 January 1945, the medieval city centre was systematically bombed
by the
Royal Air ForceRoyal Air Force and the U.S. Army Air Forces and about ninety
percent of it was destroyed in only one hour, with 1,800 residents
killed and roughly 100,000 displaced. In February 1945, additional
attacks followed. In total, about 6,000
NurembergNuremberg residents are
estimated to have been killed in air raids.
NurembergNuremberg was a heavily fortified city that was captured in a fierce
battle lasting from 17 to 21 April 1945 by the U.S. 3rd Infantry
Division, 42nd Infantry Division and 45th Infantry Division, which
fought house-to-house and street-by-street against determined German
resistance, causing further urban devastation to the already bombed
and shelled buildings.[12] Despite this intense degree of destruction,
the city was rebuilt after the war and was to some extent, restored to
its pre-war appearance including the reconstruction of some of its
medieval buildings.[13] However, over half of the historic look of the
center, and especially the northeastern half of the old Imperial Free
City was lost forever.
NurembergNuremberg trials[edit]
Main article:
NurembergNuremberg trials

Between 1945 and 1946, German officials involved in war crimes and
crimes against humanity were brought before an international tribunal
in the
NurembergNuremberg trials. The
Soviet UnionSoviet Union had wanted these trials to
take place in Berlin. However,
NurembergNuremberg was chosen as the site for
the trials for specific reasons:

The city had been the location of the Nazi Party's
NurembergNuremberg rallies
and the laws stripping Jews of their citizenship were passed there.
There was symbolic value in making it the place of Nazi demise.
The Palace of Justice was spacious and largely undamaged (one of the
few that had remained largely intact despite extensive Allied bombing
of Germany). The already large courtroom was reasonably easily
expanded by the removal of the wall at the end opposite the bench,
thereby incorporating the adjoining room. A large prison was also part
of the complex.
As a compromise, it was agreed that
BerlinBerlin would become the permanent
seat of the International Military Tribunal and that the first trial
(several were planned) would take place in Nuremberg. Due to the Cold
War, subsequent trials never took place.

Several old villages now belong to the city, for example
Grossgründlach, Kraftshof, Thon, and Neunhof in the north-west;
Ziegelstein in the north-east, Altenfurt and Fischbach in the
south-east; and Katzwang, Kornburg in the south.
LangwasserLangwasser is a
modern suburb.
NurembergNuremberg has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb) bordering on
an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb). The city's climate is influenced by
its inland position and higher altitude. Winters are changeable, with
either mild or cold weather: the average temperature is around
−3 °C (27 °F) to 4 °C (39 °F), while summers
are generally warm, mostly around 13 °C (55 °F) at night
to 25 °C (77 °F) in the afternoon.
PrecipitationPrecipitation is evenly
spread throughout the year, although February and April tend to be a
bit drier whereas July tends to have more rainfall.

Climate data for Nuremberg,
GermanyGermany for 1981–2010, record
temperatures for 1955-2013 (Source: DWD)

NurembergNuremberg has been a popular destination for immigrants. 39.5 %
of the residents had an immigrant background in 2010 (counted with
MigraPro).[15]

Rank
Nationality
Population (2017)

1
Turkey
40,192

2
Russia
20,815

3
Greece
14,183

4
Ukraine
13,113

5
Romania
7,319

6
Poland
7,202

7
Croatia
6,845

8
Italy
5,912

9
Syria
5,313

10
Iraq
5,172

11
Bulgaria
4,651

12
Serbia
4,389

13
Afghanistan
3,815

14
Bosnia
3,543

15
Kosovo
3,419

Economy[edit]

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NurembergNuremberg for many people is still associated with its traditional
gingerbread (Lebkuchen) products, sausages, and handmade toys. Pocket
watches —
Nuremberg eggsNuremberg eggs — were made here in the 16th century by
Peter Henlein. In the 19th century
NurembergNuremberg became the "industrial
heart" of
BavariaBavaria with companies such as
SiemensSiemens and MAN establishing
a strong base in the city.
NurembergNuremberg is still an important industrial
centre with a strong standing in the markets of Central and Eastern
Europe. Items manufactured in the area include electrical equipment,
mechanical and optical products, motor vehicles, writing and drawing
paraphernalia, stationery products, and printed materials. The city is
also strong in the fields of automation, energy, and medical
technology.
SiemensSiemens is still the largest industrial employer in the
NurembergNuremberg region but a good third of German market research agencies
are also located in the city. The
Nuremberg International Toy FairNuremberg International Toy Fair is
the largest of its kind in the world. The city also hosts several
specialist hi-tech fairs every year, attracting experts from every
corner of the globe.[citation needed]
Culture[edit]

Albrecht Dürer's House

Christkindlesmarkt with Schöner Brunnen

NurembergNuremberg was an early centre of humanism, science, printing, and
mechanical invention. The city contributed much to the science of
astronomy. In 1471 Johannes Mueller of Königsberg (Bavaria), later
called Regiomontanus, built an astronomical observatory in Nuremberg
and published many important astronomical charts. In 1515, Albrecht
Dürer, a native of Nuremberg, created woodcuts of the first maps of
the stars of the northern and southern hemispheres, producing the
first printed star charts, which had been ordered by Johannes Stabius.
Around 1515 Dürer also published the "Stabiussche Weltkarte", the
first perspective drawing of the terrestrial globe. Perhaps most
famously, the main part of Nicolaus Copernicus's work was published in
NurembergNuremberg in 1543.
Printers and publishers have a long history in Nuremberg. Many of
these publishers worked with well-known artists of the day to produce
books that could also be considered works of art. In 1470 Anton
Koberger opened Europe's first print shop in Nuremberg. In 1493, he
published the
NurembergNuremberg Chronicles, also known as the World Chronicles
(Schedelsche Weltchronik), an illustrated history of the world from
the creation to the present day. It was written in the local
Franconian dialect by
Hartmann SchedelHartmann Schedel and had illustrations by
Michael Wohlgemuth, Wilhelm Pleydenwurff, and Albrecht Dürer. Others
furthered geographical knowledge and travel by map making. Notable
among these was navigator and geographer Martin Behaim, who made the
first world globe.
Sculptors such as Veit Stoss,
Adam KraftAdam Kraft and Peter Vischer are also
associated with Nuremberg.
Composed of prosperous artisans, the guilds of the Meistersingers
flourished here.
Richard WagnerRichard Wagner made their most famous member, Hans
Sachs, the hero of his opera Die
MeistersingerMeistersinger von Nürnberg. Baroque
composer
Johann PachelbelJohann Pachelbel was born here and was organist of St.
Sebaldus Church.
The academy of fine arts situated in
NurembergNuremberg is the oldest art
academy in central Europe and looks back to a tradition of 350 years
of artistic education.
NurembergNuremberg is also famous for its Christkindlesmarkt (Christmas
market), which draws well over a million shoppers each year. The
market is famous for its handmade ornaments and delicacies.

The
NurembergNuremberg State Theatre, founded in 1906, is dedicated to all
types of opera, ballet and stage theatre. During the season 2009/2010,
the theatre presented 651 performances for an audience of 240,000
persons.[16] The State Philharmonic
NurembergNuremberg (Staatsphilharmonie
Nürnberg) is the orchestra of the State Theatre. Its name was changed
in 2011 from its previous name: The
NurembergNuremberg Philharmonic
(Nürnberger Philharmoniker). It is the second-largest opera orchestra
in Bavaria.[17] Besides opera performances, it also presents its own
subscription concert series in the Meistersingerhalle. Christof Perick
was the principal conductor of the orchestra between 2006–2011.
Marcus Bosch heads the orchestra since September 2011 .
The
Nuremberg Symphony OrchestraNuremberg Symphony Orchestra (Nürnberger Symphoniker) performs
around 100 concerts a year to a combined annual audience of more than
180,000.[18] The regular subscription concert series are mostly
performed in the
MeistersingerhalleMeistersingerhalle but other venues are used as well,
including the new concert hall of the Kongresshalle and the
Serenadenhof.
Alexander ShelleyAlexander Shelley has been the principal conductor of
the orchestra since 2009.
The
NurembergNuremberg International Chamber Music Festival (Internationales
Kammermusikfestival Nürnberg) takes place in early September each
year, and in 2011 celebrated its tenth anniversary. Concerts take
place around the city; opening and closing events are held in the
medieval Burg. The Bardentreffen, an annual folk festival in
Nuremberg, has been deemed the largest world music festival in Germany
and takes place since 1976. 2014 the
BardentreffenBardentreffen starred 368 artists
from 31 nations.[19]
Cuisine[edit]

NurembergNuremberg offers 51 public and 6 private elementary schools in nearly
all of its districts. Secondary education is offered at 23
Mittelschulen, 12 Realschulen, and 17 Gymnasien (state, city, church,
and privately owned). There are also several other providers of
secondary education such as Berufsschule, Berufsfachschule,
Wirtschaftsschule etc. [20]
Higher education[edit]
NurembergNuremberg hosts the joint university Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, two Fachhochschulen (Technische Hochschule
Nürnberg and Evangelische Hochschule Nürnberg), an art school
(Akademie der Bildenden Künste Nürnberg), and a music conservatoire
(Hochschule für Musik Nürnberg).[21] There are also private schools
such as the Akademie Deutsche POP Nürnberg offering higher
education.[22]
Main sights[edit]

Nuremberg, seen from the castle

NurembergNuremberg Castle: the three castles that tower over the city including
central burgraves' castle, with Free Reich's buildings to the east,
the
Imperial castleImperial castle to the west.
Heilig-Geist-Spital. In the centre of the city, on the bank of the
river Pegnitz, stands the Hospital of the Holy Spirit. Founded in
1332, this is one of the largest hospitals of the Middle Ages. Lepers
were kept here at some distance from the other patients. It now houses
elderly persons and a restaurant.
The Hauptmarkt, dominated by the front of the unique Gothic
Frauenkirche (Our Lady's Church), provides a picturesque setting for
the famous Christmas market. A main attraction on the square is the
Gothic
Schöner BrunnenSchöner Brunnen (Beautiful Fountain) which was erected around
1385 but subsequently replaced with a replica (the original fountain
is kept in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum). The unchanged Renaissance
bridge
FleischbrückeFleischbrücke crosses the Pegnitz nearby.
The Gothic Lorenzkirche (St. Laurence church) dominates the southern
part of the walled city and is one of the most important buildings in
Nuremberg. The main body was built around 1270–1350.
The even earlier and equally impressive Sebalduskirche is St. Lorenz's
counterpart in the northern part of the old city.
The church of the former Katharinenkloster is preserved as a ruin, the
charterhouse (Kartause) is integrated into the building of the
Germanisches NationalmuseumGermanisches Nationalmuseum and the choir of the former
Franziskanerkirche is part of a modern building.
Other churches located inside the city walls are: St. Laurence's,
Saint Clare's, Saint Martha's, Saint James the Greater's, Saint
Giles's, and Saint Elisabeth's.
The
Germanisches NationalmuseumGermanisches Nationalmuseum is Germany's largest museum of
cultural history, among its exhibits are works of famous painters such
as Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, and Ernst Ludwig Kirchner.
The
Neues Museum NürnbergNeues Museum Nürnberg is a museum for modern and contemporary
art.
The Walburga Chapel and the Romanesque Doppelkapelle (Chapel with two
floors) are part of
NurembergNuremberg Castle.
The Johannisfriedhof is a medieval cemetery, containing many old
graves (Albrecht Dürer, Willibald Pirckheimer, and others). The
Rochusfriedhof or the Wöhrder Kirchhof are near the Old Town.
The Chain Bridge (Kettensteg), the first chain bridge on the European
continent.
The
Tiergarten NürnbergTiergarten Nürnberg is a zoo stretching over more than 60
hectares (148 acres) in the Nürnberger Reichswald forest.
There is also a medieval market just inside the city walls, selling
handcrafted goods.
The German National Railways Museum (in German) (an Anchor Point of
ERIH, The European Route of Industrial Heritage) is located in
Nuremberg.
The
NurembergNuremberg Ring (now welded within an iron fence of Schöner
Brunnen) is said to bring good luck to those that spin it.
The
Nazi party rally groundsNazi party rally grounds with the documentation-center.

The
NurembergNuremberg tramway network was opened in 1881. As of 2008[update],
it extended a total length of 36 km (22 mi), had six lines,
and carried 39.152 million passengers annually. The first segment of
the
Nuremberg U-BahnNuremberg U-Bahn metro system was opened in 1972. Nuremberg's
trams, buses and metro system are operated by the VAG Nürnberg
(Verkehrsaktiengesellschaft Nürnberg or
NurembergNuremberg Transport
Corporation), itself a member of the VGN (Verkehrsverbund Grossraum
Nürnberg or Greater
NurembergNuremberg Transport Network).
There is also a
Nuremberg S-BahnNuremberg S-Bahn suburban metro railway and a regional
train network, both centred on Nürnberg Hauptbahnhof. Since 2008,
NurembergNuremberg has had the first U-Bahn in
GermanyGermany (U2/U21 and U3) that
works without a driver. It also was the first subway system worldwide
in which both driver-operated trains and computer-controlled trains
shared tracks.

Tramway Network

S- and U-Bahn network

S-, U-Bahn and Tramway network

S-Bahn network

U-Bahn network

Motorways[edit]
NurembergNuremberg is conveniently located at the junction of several important
Autobahn routes. The A3 (Netherlands–Frankfurt–Würzburg–Vienna)
passes in a south-easterly direction along the north-east of the city.
The A9 (Berlin–Munich) passes in a north–south direction on the
east of the city. The A6 (France–Saarbrücken–Prague) passes in an
east–west direction to the south of the city. Finally, the A73
begins in the south-east of
NurembergNuremberg and travels north-west through
the city before continuing towards
FürthFürth and Bamberg.
Airport[edit]
Nuremberg AirportNuremberg Airport has flights to major German cities and many European
destinations. It used to be a focus city for Air Berlin, Germany's
second largest airline, but after its bankruptcy only Niki operations
remained. The largest operators are currently Germania, TUI fly or
SunExpress, while the low-cost
RyanairRyanair and
WizzAirWizzAir companies connect
the city to various European centres. A significant amount of the
airport's traffic flies to and from mainly touristic destinations
during the peak winter season. The airport (Flughafen) is the terminus
of subway line 2; it is the only airport in
GermanyGermany served by a
subway.
Canals[edit]
NurembergNuremberg is an important port on the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal.
Sport[edit]

Football[edit]
1. FC Nürnberg, known locally as Der Club (English: "The Club"), was
founded in 1900 and plays in the 2.
BundesligaBundesliga (2017–18 season). The
official colours of the association are red and white, but the
traditional colours are red and black. The current chairmen are
Andreas Bornemann and Michael Meeske. They play in Max-Morlock-Stadion
which was refurbished for the
2006 FIFA World Cup2006 FIFA World Cup and accommodates
50,000 spectators.

Basketball[edit]
The SELLBYTEL Baskets Nürnberg played in the Basketball Bundesliga
from 2005 to 2007. Since then, teams from
NurembergNuremberg have attempted to
return to Germany's elite league. The recently founded Nürnberg
Falcons BC have already established themselves as one of the main
teams in Germany's second division
ProAProA and aim to take on the
heritage of the SELLBYTEL Baskets Nürnberg. The Falcons play their
home games at the Halle im Berufsbildungszentrum (BBZ).
International relations[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany
Twin towns – sister cities[edit]

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