Why Did Prohibition Last so Long?

Why did Prohibition last so long? 30 Marks
Prohibition of Alcohol in America was introduced in 1920 with the 18th amendment of the constitution and was finally revoked in 1933. Prohibition was always considered a failure, due to the way it was policed, the fact the American people at the time liked to drink and the fact that alcohol was very easily accessible. Therefore the fact it lasted thirteen years, despite it being obvious within the first five that things were not working, seems incomprehensible. There are a number of factors which worked together to make prohibition last as long as it did. The most important being morale reasons behind introducing it at first, but the popularity of prohibition, the time it to repeal a law and the fact it didn’t really affect people’s lives too much also had an effect.
Firstly, a reason why prohibition lasted so long was due to morale reasons. Reasons that were used to get the law passed in the first place still stood and people sympathised with them. For example many women’s groups saw alcohol as a means by which men oppressed them, and also though that the money spent on drink could be better used amongst the family with raising children and other general necessities. This attitude didn’t stop during the prohibition years as people were still drinking and hence propaganda regarding prohibition still bore the pictures of families with mothers and children longing for their husbands/fathers to support prohibition. Also drinking alcohol at home was still permitted with numerous alcohol companies such as Budweiser still advertising in newspapers. The Woman’s Temperance society played a big part in this. It wasn’t just the domestic morals which were attacked by prohibition it was the industrial ones too. Big businesses saw drunkenness as something that led to danger and more importantly inefficiency in the work place, particularly in large factories where hazardous machinery was used. For example the Rockefeller Corporation and Heinz supported prohibition in the interest of greater workforce efficiency.
Secondly, another reason why prohibition lasted so long was due to little opposition. People and groups with anti-prohibition attitudes were very unorganised with their rallies, parades and protests. Only two major protests took place, a parade in Baltimore and a march in New York which resulted in very little awareness in regard for abolition prohibition. Also it was the norm for American politicians during the time to declare weather they were ‘wets or drys.’ Many politicians did not want to be seen as ‘wets’ as it would harm their political identity and careers. WW1 also played a part in the retention of prohibition. Grain was needed to make alcohol, however during the war grain as needed to provide food. People believed that through prohibition, they were being patriotic as it would help out the soldiers. Correspondingly many Americans had anti-German sentiments due to the war and as a result boycotted the German Brewing companies such as Ruppert, Pabst and Lieber.

Lastly, an additional reason why prohibition lasted so long was due to prohibition as a base for crime and profit. In towns people wanted their saloons back, so the gangsters gave them speakeasies – select drinking clubs and night clubs. The gangsters provided the best quality liquor and they charged huge prices for it. They were soon fighting each other for control of this flourishing illegal trade. The reason why so many gangsters were able to get away with illegal activities was down to corruption. They were simply able to bribe policemen, judges and politicians. Gangsters were making so much money that they could easily afford small bribes in order to continue their bootlegging. Gangsters would also tamper with the ballot boxes to ensure that their own people got elected as officials and judges. A few large monopolies used prohibition to make enormous profits. These organisations were able to influence politicians through bribes and therefore control prohibition. A famous millionaire through bootlegging was George Remus who bought up various breweries on the eve of prohibition for the manufacturing of medicinal alcohol. He then arranged for 3000 gangsters to hijack his products and divert them to cities. He made $5 in 5 years. The nature of corruption enabled prohibition to continue as it meant officials could earn quick money and the gangsters could continue to run their operations.
In conclusion it is evident that prohibition lasted 13 years due to many factors. Through prohibition supporters, such as the women, who also had their own support groups involved, as well as religious groups, big business owners and the gangsters, it can easily be seen that they played a key role in affecting the length of the prohibition. Other factors such as the people's sentiments towards alcohol during the First World War, the positive effects of prohibition as well as the 'laissez-faire' government, who played no intervention in battling the illegal manufacturing and selling of alcohol by gangsters, also played large roles. The fact that there was little to no interference on the people who opposed the prohibition's part also helped in elongating the prohibition. However, when analysing the different factors, it can be suggested that the greatest factor was the morality of it. Morality involved what the society believed was the right thing to do and what was not, and can be seen as the foundation for almost all supporters. Religious groups, as well as the many religious supporters, were for prohibition because they believed alcohol led to 'sin' and 'wrong-doing', suggesting that they believed that the prohibition was the right thing for society as it would stop people from sinning. Other factors such as the impact of the First World War also had to do with morality, as many believed the prohibition was the right thing to do for their soldiers. Woman and families also link with morality, as they saw the prohibition as a means of mending family conditions affected by alcohol, as well as putting an end to abuse and oppression by men. Overall, I believe morality was the key factor in elongating the prohibition.…...

...Running head: WHY DO STUDENTS
1
Why do Students take so long to Complete College? Student Name Class Name University Name Instructor Name
WHY DO STUDENTS
2
Why do students take so long to complete college? It is baffling how a five year degree can take so long complete! When the writer was going to school, many extenuating circumstances caused a five year degree to take almost eight years. Much of this was balancing work, school, and a family. However, there were other circumstances that made completing college a problem. Two of the most common ones that plagued this writer’s school completion and still seem to be a problem with students today are motivation and procrastination. Motivation is complex as it entails both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is how one values and takes pride in learning while extrinsic motivation is solely based upon the external reward such as a grade, graduation, and eventual employment. A good example of extrinsic motivation is in a study by Dunwoody and Frank (1995) who found that students dropped courses for reasons such as not being happy with their grade, not liking the professor, or the subject was not of interest. These reasons for not continuing a course are all based on the extrinsic motivation of grade completion that shows a lack of intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation begins at a very young age with the parents teaching children to take pride in their own work. As children grow older and......

...Why did World War I last so long?
The First World War began on July 1914 and lasted till the armistice call from Germany in November 1918. World War or the Great War involved global powers assembled in two opposing alliances: at the beginning of the war, The Allies consisted of United Kingdom, France and Russia and were later joined among others by the USA. Against Allies stood alliance called Central powers, which consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy (which fought for Allies then) later joined by Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. Both Allies and Central powers expected the war to be very short and quick as for being regional (between Austria-Hungary and Serbia). The common belief in United Kingdom in the year 1914 was the war would last “till Christmas” (under half year). The Germany foresaw the war to last similarly short as they put their stakes on short and no diversionary war according to Schlieffen Plan. The most significant factors in term of prolonging the war were the failure of Schlieffen Plan together with the determined attitude of both camps to win. This resulted in the tactical stalemate of trench warfare, which again contributed to the length of the war. All factors mentioned above were essential in prolonging the war.
First of all, Germany gambled on a quick victory with the Schlieffen Plan that did not pay off and resulted in the trench warfare. Schlieffen Plan was a warfare strategy whose main aim was not to create diversionary......

...Why did Chartism Fail?
* Chartism failed because of economic factors – it was simply a ‘knife and fork question’
* Chartism failed because of the inherent weakness of the movement and internal divisions within the movement
* Chartism did not really fail in the truest sense of the word – it was defeated by the state
Economic Factors
Some historians have argued that improving economic conditions ensured the Chartist movement faded after 1848 – there had been worsening economic conditions in the period after 1837 which gave rise to the chartist movement. After this period, the lessening economic instability, growing prosperity and rise in living standards after 1848 removed basis for widespread discontent. In economic prosperity – Chartism could no longer be sustained.
The interpretation has been questioned in recent decades – economic historians began questioning how stable the British economy really was during this time in ‘Mid-Victorian Boom’ (1850-73) e.g. Cunningham – disagrees as he believes the economy continued to fluctuate.
A series of subtle economic changes undermined the movement after 1848 and led to the movement’s eventual fall.
1. Development of Railways – Provided stimulus to industries; iron, steel and coal. Economic growth less narrowly based than in period before 1850 when textiles had been leading sector
2. Factory Legislation – Legislation redefined management practices and relationships in the workplace; 1850s-60s saw......

...Yanni’s was similar to many of the other Gyro and custard stands here in Wisconsin. However, it had two things going for it: it had great custard and authentic traditional Gyro meat. However, it lacked a true leadership structure and inexperienced business owners. Though, I was not involved in the planning and set up of this particular restaurant, I did start within a month of this company being open. The company from the outside looked very sound, well planned, and greatly loved, however, once I began to poke around and learn the ins and outs of this company it was easy to see that there was major lacking in the management side of the company and a lack in the planning process. “Planning is a systematic process in which managers make decisions about future activities and the key goals that the organization intends to pursue.” (Reilly, Baack, & Minnick, 2014). Planning functions as the foundation for the remaining management functions, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. It gives direction for a company, as well as escalates an organizations chance for a higher success rate and potential to accomplishing its goals.
Why did Yanni’s Fail on Planning?
The first problem that this company possessed is that the owners had an idea what they wanted, but strayed away from it. They wanted a true Greek style fast food joint, but fell far from it. They had too many items on the menu and only two that were Greek. They were a cross between a small diner and a McDonalds.......

...Why is the Internet so addicting? Two reasons: information and freedom. People go online to get information (music, news, stock prices, etc). Logging onto the Internet is like a kid going to a toy store; there is so much to do and explore that once you get in, you never want to leave. People also go online because the Internet offers freedom to do whatever they want, to say whatever they want and to be whoever they want.
This could have a negative effect since people will act in certain ways and say certain things that they otherwise wouldn't do in real life. Furthermore, because the Internet offers so much freedom, you can find your ideal self much easier, but it's not the same as your social self. The difference is due to you talking to a computer screen and you talking to a real person. Thus, the experiences we encounter on the Internet are not the same as the ones we encounter in real life.
Even though our overt use of the Internet can cause a conflict between your virtual self and your social self, many still excessively rely on the Internet for their activities. As a result of information and freedom, the Internet has become an unbreakable addiction for individuals and society. Computers are as common as televisions in households; in addition, laptops and Internet-ready cell phones enable the Internet to travel with us.
"By 2000 it was estimated that the number of adults using the Internet exceeded 100 million in the United States alone" (The Columbia Encyclopedia,......

...| |OK? Please hold it, so our Encik K ( Mr K) won’t be delayed. |5 |
| | | |6 |
| | | |7 |
The data provide strong evidence in illustrating the existence of power between the participants in the context of interaction. The speaker switched from the language of interaction to BM when referring the trainer, who was also another head of department, as ‘Encik K’ (line 7) to the group, who were considered as the subordinates in the organization. The switch to ‘Encik K’ seemed like a deliberate move to indicate his superiority, thus, this implies a demarcation of power and status between him and the subordinates.
To signal language preference
Studies have also shown that speakers tend to code-switch to fill in the lexical gaps in the language of interaction. The data from the present study confirmed this. Speakers maintained the English terminology for technical jargons and referential terms rather than using the BM equivalence. The analysis shows that such maintenance arises, perhaps due to habitual use of the terms, training received in English, the comprehensibility of the terms in English compared to BM, and the availability of the English terms in the speakers’ linguistic repertoire.
However, a closer look at the data shows that speakers did not only code-switch due......

...Why Has Star Trek Lasted For So Long: The Longevity of Star Trek
Thomas E. Stevenson
Limestone College
Author Note
Thomas E. Stevenson, Department of Social Work, Limestone College.
This research was supported in part by a grant from the Sample Grant Program.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Thomas Stevenson, Department of Social Work, Limestone College, Gaffney, SC 29340. Contact: saevok09@gmail.com
Abstract
This paper will explore the science fiction show Star Trek. It will look at Gene Roddenberry’s original idea behind the 1960s show. What made it so appealing? Why has it lasted so long? Also does JJ Abrams’ Star Trek lack the Gene Roddenberry’s vision? ). It began nearly fifty years ago in the 1960s with the original show simply called Star Trek. The setting of the show is the 23rd century aboard the Starship Enterprise. The ship is commanded by a Caucasian man from Iowa named Captain James T. Kirk. His first officer/ science office is the half-Vulcan half-human Spock. The ship’s chief physician is a Caucasian man from the southern state of Georgia. The ship’s chief engineer is the Scotsman Montgomery Scott. The bridge communication officer is a black African woman Nyota Uhura. The ship’s helmsman is Asian-American Hikaru Sulu. Finally, the ship’s navigator is man of Russian decent Pavel Chekov.
Why Has Star Trek Lasted For So Long: The Longevity of Star Trek
From its beginning, Star Trek made a strong commitment to what is......

...Running head: WHY DO STUDENTS
1
Why do Students Take so Long to Complete College? Student Name Class Name University Name Instructor Name
WHY DO STUDENTS Why do Students Take so Long to Complete College?
2
It is baffling how a five-year degree can take so long to complete. When going to school, many extenuating circumstances caused a five year degree to take almost eight years. Much of this was balancing work, school, and a family. However, there were other circumstances that made completing college a problem. Two of the most common challenges that plagued my progress, and still seem to be a problem for students today, are motivation and procrastination. Motivation is complex, as it entails both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is how one values and takes pride in learning while extrinsic motivation is solely based upon the external reward such as grade, graduation, and eventual employment (Brownlow & Reasinger, 2000). A good example of extrinsic motivation is in a study by Dunwoody and Frank (1995) who found that students dropped courses for reasons such as not being happy with their grade, not liking the professor, or not finding the subject of interest. These reasons for not continuing a course are all based on the extrinsic motivation of grade completion that shows a lack of intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation begins at a very young age with parents teaching children to take pride in their own work. As children grow older and...

...There was four main factors that contributed to the long withdrawal from Vietnam. These include, Vietnamisation which started in 1969, military tactics, diplomacy tactics and the domestic situation at home. These were all extremely time consuming to stop the Cold War tensions from progressing.
In 1969, there was a withdrawal of 25,000 US Troops and strengthening of the ARVN in South Vietnam, to 1,000,000 by improved morale, pay and veterans’ benefits. They gave the ARVN updated technology such as the M16 replacing M-1 rifles, 12,000 M-60 machine guns and 40,000 M-79 grenade launches. The ARVN weren't trained properly, at first the USA disguised their entry to Vietnam against the Geneva accords as their reason for being there being they were training the ARVN, but when the time came for Vietnamisation, they didn't live up to the standard. Thus Nixon couldn't leave immediately as he wanted or else America's whole reason for going to Vietnam in the first place would have been for nothing, as a communist attack would come soon enough and the ARVN would be defenseless. By 1972, there was only 100,000 US troops stationed in Vietnam. However, the impact of Vietnamisation and military offensives was that there was low morale within the US Army as troops were withdrawn, 1012 fragging incidents (assassinations of unpopular officers) occurred, along with 36% of troops were using heroin. The Phoenix Program continued which was the capturing, torturing and assassinating of suspected......

...Why did women’s issues suddenly become so prominent in American culture? There were always women who wanted more. They were secure with themselves and wanted to prove they were capable of doing more and being equal. There were people like Anne Hutchinson who was banished because of her challenging the way men dominated the church. During the nineteenth century women demanded more rights that started from solitary events to more organized protesting’s.
Immense changes came throughout the United States during the nineteenth century that changed the lives of all women of different social status. In the start of the 1820’s a lot of white women began working in mills. These women were working outside the home along with men of all social status, but middle class women were still held to the standard that they had to be homemaker’s and tend to the home, be submissive, and tend to her husbands’ needs at home.
Because women were now working outside the home, doing work men were doing, this helped them to start acting politically. These women were referred to as “mill girls” that worked long hours and in dangerous conditions. In the 1830’s women started organizing rally’s because they wanted to have improved work conditions and higher wages. The women of middle-class status felt a sense of a well-organized unit because of those women, this would later enable them to work together to demand equal rights. These women were concerned about the well being of the poor, this......

...Stanley Kubrick” at 11…and so on ad nauseam. Meanwhile, your wife is angry because you promised to help your son with his homework hours ago and everything else you had planned that evening didn’t get done, such as responding to your sister’s text, friending your old college buddy on Facebook, and responding to someone who flamed you in their forum. You may ask yourself, well…how did I get here?
In fact, there certainly seems to be some neurological basis for our attention dopiness, or more accurately, dopamine levels. As Lucy Jo Palladino explains in her book Find Your Focus Zone, activities such as watching TV or playing video games activate the basal ganglia of the brain, which releases dopamine. When dopamine levels increase, you’re inclined to do whatever it takes to maintain the “high” they generate, but when the levels decrease, you start to look for something new or a “distraction ” to replace that hit. There’s even a theory floating around the scientific community that argues that ADD evolved from a lineage of hunters (the gatherers, of course, are those less prone to wander — physically and mentally).
So the success of Twitter should come as no surprise given the instant gratification it gives us in 140 characters or less. In Wired for Thought, we push the envelope even further, demonstrating that the Internet is beginning to imitate many of the cognitive quarks of humans — both creating and enabling a new evolutionary lineage — which explains why we are as addicted......

...Why have Americans become so obese?
Obesity is a struggle among every country in the world. Obesity is when a person is 20 percent above what is supposed to be their normal weight. Obesity is so difficult to get rid of in countries that it is classified as a disease. The country that is greatest known for their obesity rates is the United States of America. Even though America is not the most obese country in the world, America is known for their fast food restaurants severely overweight people. Despite America being one of the most obese countries, no one ever asks the real question. Why have Americans become so obese?
The most obviously popular reason why Americans are obese is because of food. The first type of food to relate to obesity is fast food. McDonald’s, Burger King, Taco Bell and many other fast food restaurants load their food with sugar, cholesterol and other unhealthy substances that make people crave it. McDonald’s burgers are severely unhealthier than a homemade burger. A McDonald’s burger has 440 calories, 23 grams of fat, 80 milligrams of cholesterol, 1150 milligrams of sodium and 34 carbohydrates. (McDonald's). A homemade burger has about 270 calories, 9 grams of fat, 142 milligrams of cholesterol, 123 milligrams of sodium and about 9 carbohydrates (Health). McDonald's makes their foods unnecessarily unhealthy. Another problem with Americans food problems is that their portions are completely outrageous. The default portion sizes are Small, Medium and......

...Why looks are the last bastion of
discrimination
!
By Deborah L. Rhode
Published: Sunday, May 23, 2010
In the 19th century, many American cities banned public appearances by "unsightly"
individuals. A Chicago ordinance was typical: "Any person who is diseased, maimed,
mutilated, or in any way deformed, so as to be an unsightly or disgusting subject . . . shall
not . . . expose himself to public view, under the penalty of a fine of $1 for each offense."
Although the government is no longer in the business of enforcing such discrimination, it
still allows businesses, schools and other organizations to indulge their own prejudices.
Over the past half-century, the United States has expanded protections against
discrimination to include race, religion, sex, age, disability and, in a growing number of
jurisdictions, sexual orientation. Yet bias based on appearance remains perfectly
permissible in all but one state and six cities and counties. Across the rest of the country,
looks are the last bastion of acceptable bigotry.
We all know that appearance matters, but the price of prejudice can be steeper than we
often assume. In Texas in 1994, an obese woman was rejected for a job as a bus driver
when a company doctor assumed she was not up to the task after watching her, in his
words, "waddling down the hall." He did not perform any agility tests to determine
whether she was, as the company would later claim, unfit to evacuate the bus in the event
of an accident...

...Qihui Zheng
01/28/2011
EH205
Essay 2
When and why did London grow so much faster than other early modern capitals?
By examine the key differences among Paris, Madrid, and London, I argue that from1650 to1750, the reason why London boosted in terms of demographic expansion and market integrations is that -- instead of creating market disorder by demanding cheap supply of goods from other places, emphasizing social privileges and over consumptions, London attracted spontaneous business exchange in market among different groups of people. In section I, by doing a brief literature review on E. A. Wrigley, D. R. Ringrose and other important authors, we may have a basic understanding of the demand and supply market mechanism and its relationship with population, internal market and functions of capitals. In section II, we will analyze how the functions of capital, such as exercising political power to satisfy a particular interest, can affect the demand and supply of market and demographic composition. In section III, we study further how the functions of capital such as price determination can change the economic development of the capital itself and its surrounding industrial and agricultural areas. At the end, we should see that London did a better job integrating the urban-rural market during 1650-1750.
Literature Review
From 1650 to 1750, London grew much faster than other continental capital cities. There is little debate on the time as shown in table 1 and 2......