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Date: Christopher Columbus

1451-1506

Christopher Columbus

Under Spanish, he went overseas with the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria, exploring the islands of the Bahamas.

had a knowledge of trade, geography, and was persistent

Grew up in Genoa, the hub of trade.

As a Renaissance man, he was insistent and qualifies for the "Great Man Theory"

Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli

an Italian mathematician, astronomer, and cosmographer

wealthy merchant in Florence

learned man and humanist with money to explore Archaeans

created a map where he, since interested in perspective, slapped a grid on the map

Date: Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli

1397-1482

Date: Vasco de Gama

c. 1460 (9) -1524

Vasco de Gama

rounded Cape of Good--> 1st Eastern colony at Goa for the Portuguese government and a permanent residence established by Alburqueque

Date: Jean Bodin

1530-1596

Jean Bodin

late-16th century political theorist who believed that sovereign power consisted of the authority to make laws, tax, administer justice, control the state's administartive system, adn determine foreign policy. He wrote Six Books of the Commonwealth, where he called for sovereign power in power of the Prince.

Date: Jacques Bossuet

1627-1704

Jacques Bossuet

one of the chief theorists of divine-right monarchy in the 17th century; French theologian and court preacher who expressed his ideas in a book Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture, where he argued that government was divinely ordained so that humans could live in an organized society. God established kings and through them reigned over all the peoples of the world

Date: Peter the Great of Russia

1689-1725

Date: Peter Paul Reubens

1577-1640

Date: Rembrandt

1606-1669

Rembrandt

Northern Baroque artist

known for detail

glorious paintings

"The Scholar in his Study"

painted opulent portraits and grandiose scenes that were often quite colorful

prolific and successful but turned away from materialistic succes to foolw his own artistic path--> died bankrupt

Date: Handel

1685-1759

Date: Claudio Monteverdi

1567-1643

Date: Claudio Monteverdi

wrotte a series of glorious, very rich, and complex oratorial pieces

Wrote the first opera, Orpheo, which was a Greek tragedy that involved singing and acting

during Baroque period

Date: Bach

1685-1750

Bach

from family of musicians; held the post of organist and music director at several small German courts before becoming director of church music at the Church of St. Thomas; composed his mass in B minor, his iSaint Matthew's Passion, adn cantatas and motets

Robert Grosseteste

Grosseteste opposed Aristotle’s theory of a rainbow. Although it

was a minute opposition that did not really impact much thought, it was

Grosseteste who was the first to crack through Aristotle’s framework.

Date: Robert Grosseteste

1175-1253

Date: Jean Buridane

1295-1358

Date: Nicole Oresme

1320-1382

Nicole Oresme

argued against Aristotle's theory of motion; he maintained that if the Earth were moving and not the celestial spheres, all the movements that we see in the heavens would appear exactly the same as if the spheres were rotating around the Earth

Jean Buridan

challenged Aristotle's theory of motion

sowed the seeds of the Copernican revolution in Europe. He developed the concept of impetus, the first step toward the modern concept of inertia

Date: oseph Leibniz

c. 1600

Joseph Leibniz

the other creator of hte calculus

corresponded with Maria Winkelmann and praised her work

Date: Pope Urban VIII

1631-1685

Pope Urban VIII

Born Maffeo Barberini

Urban was responsible for summoning Galileo to Rome in 1633 to recant his work.

practiced nepotism

Galileo thought Pope was on his side; but he was called to report to the Holy Office