Utility functions

1. ⇒ بكر

بَكَرَ and غَدَا both [properly] relate to the beginning of the day: (AZ, Mṣb:) the former of these verbs, (T, Ṣ, A,) aor. ـُ{يَبْكُرُ}, inf. n. بُكُورٌ; (T, Ṣ;) andبكّر↓, (T, Ṣ, A,) inf. n. تَبْكِيرٌ; (T, Ṣ;) andابكر↓, andابتكر↓, (Ṣ, A,) andباكر↓; (Ṣ;) all signify the same; (Ṣ;)He(a traveller, A)went forth early in the morning, in the first part of the day; or between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise; syn. خَرَجَ فِى البُكْرَةِ: (T, A:) orابكر↓, inf. n. إِبْكَارٌ, signifies he entered upon that time:(T:) one should not say بَكُرَ nor بَكِرَ in the sense of بكّر[&c.]. (Ṣ.)

Root: بكر - Entry: 1.―Signification: A2

You say also, بَكَرَ إِلَيْهِ, and عَلَيْهِ, and فِيهِ, inf. n. as above; andبكّر↓, andابكر↓, andابتكر↓; andباكرهُ↓; meaning أَتَاهُ بُكْرَةٌ[i. e. He came to him, or it, early in the morning, in the first part of the day; or between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise: and he did it at that time: or بَكَرَ, &c. with فِيهِ following may be rendered he occupied himself at that time in doing it]. (Ḳ.)

Root: بكر - Entry: 1.―Signification: A3

And [hence,]بَكَرَ إِلَيْهِ, [and عَلَيْهِ,] aor. and inf. n. as above; (Mṣb;) and بَكِرَ اليه, aor. ـَ{يَبْكَرُ}(ISd, Ḳ;* [but see a remark respecting this verb above;]) andبكر↓ اليه, (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA,) and عليه; (TA;) andابكر↓ اليه, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and عليه; [andابكرهُ↓;] andباكرهُ↓; (TA;) signify also † He hastened[or betook himself early]to it, or to do it, at any time, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) morning or evening. (TA.) You say, بَكَرْتُ عَلَى الحَاجَةِ † [I hastened to do, or accomplish, or attain, the thing needed], inf. n. as above: and in like manner,أَبْكَرْتُ↓ عَلَى الوِرْدِ † [I hastened to come to water]: (AZ, Ṣ:) andابكر↓ الوِرْدَ, (TA,) and الغَدَآءَ, (AZ, Ṣ, TA,) † He hastened to come to water, and to take the morning-meal.(TA.) Lebeed says,

* بَاكَرْتُ جَاجَتَهَا الدَّجَاجَ بِسُحْرَةٍ *

meaning † I hastened to be before the crowing of the cock, at the close of night, in obtaining what was wanted[of it, namely, of wine,] by me: (TA:)حاجتها being for حَاجَتِى إِلَيْهَا, i. e., إِلَى الخَمْرِ. (EM p. 170: but the first word is there written بَادَرْتُ.)[See also 2, below.]

Root: بكر - Entry: 1.―Signification: A4

[It is also said that]بكر[app. بَكِرَ,] inf. n. بكر, [app. بَكَرٌ,] signifies † He possessed the quality of applying himself early, or of hastening; expl. by كَانَ صَاحِبَ بُكُورٍ. (Mṣb.)[But see بَكُرٌ.]

2. ⇒ بكّر

بكّر, inf. n. تَبْكِيرٌ: see 1, in three places: and see 1. You say also, بكّر إِلَى الجُمْعَةِ ‡ He went forth to the[prayers of]Friday at the commencement of the time thereof.(A.) And بكّر[alone], inf. n. as above, ‡ He came to prayer at the commencement of its time.(Ḳ, TA.) And بكّر بِالصَّلَاةِ ‡ He performed the prayer at the commencement of its time:(A, Mgh, Mṣb, TA:)he was regardful of it, and performed it early.(TA.)And بَكِّرُوا بِصَلَاةِ المَغْرِبِ ‡ Perform ye the prayer of sunset at the setting of the[sun's] disc. (Ṣ.) And بَكَّرَتِ النَّخْلَةُ بِحَمْلِهَا ‡ [The palmtree was early with its fruit]. (A.)

Root: بكر - Entry: 2.―Signification: A2

Also ‡ He was, or became, or went, before; preceded; had, or took, precedence; syn. تَقَدَّمَ; and soابكر↓ andتبكّر↓. (Ḳ, TA.) You say, بَكَّرْتُ فِى كَذَا ‡ I was, or became, or went, before,, &c., in such a thing; syn. تَقَدَّمْتُ. (IJ, IB, TA.) And بكّر عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ † [He was, or became, or went, before his companions; preceded them; or had, or took, precedence of them]. (M, Ḳ.)

Root: بكر - Entry: 2.＝Dissociation: B

بكّرهُ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ signifies جَعَلَهُ يُبَكِّرُ عَلَيْهِمْ † [He made him to be, or become, or go, before his companions; to precede them; or to have, or take, precedence of them]; and soابكرهُ↓ عَلَيْهِمْ. (M, Ḳ.)

3. ⇒ باكر

4. ⇒ ابكر

ابكر also signifies He had camels coming to water early in the morning, in the first part of the day; or between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise.(Ṣ, Ḳ.)

Root: بكر - Entry: 4.＝Dissociation: B

It is also trans. of بَكَرَ: (Ṣ, Ṣgh, Mṣb:) you say, أَبْكَرْتُ غَيْرِى[I made another to go forth early in the morning, in the first part of the day; or between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise: and I made another to go to a person, &c. at that time; and to betake himself to an action at that time: and † to hasten, or betake himself early, to a thing at any time, morning or evening: andبَكَّرْتُ↓ غَيْرِى app. signifies the same]. (Ṣ.)

5. ⇒ تبكّر

8. ⇒ ابتكر

Also ‡ He arrived[at the mosque on the occasion of the Friday-prayers]in time to hear the first portion of theخُطْبَة: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or he heard the first portion of theخُطْبَة; (A, Mṣb;)[and]ابتكر الخُطْبَةَ has this meaning. (Mgh.)مَنْ بَكَّرَ↓ وَٱبْتَكَرَ, occurring in a trad., (Ṣ, Mṣb,) respecting [the prayers of] Friday, (Ṣ,) means ‡ Whoso hasteneth,(Ṣ, Mṣb,)and arriveth in time to hear the first portion of theخُطْبَة, (Ṣ,) or heareth the first portion thereof:(Mṣb:) or whoso hasteneth, going forth to the mosque early, and performeth the prayer at the first of its time: or, accord. to Aboo-Saʼeed, whoso hasteneth to the Fridayprayers, before the call to prayer, and arriveth at the commencement of their time: or both the verbs signify the same, and the [virtual] repetition is to give intensiveness and strength to the meaning. (TA. [See 2.])

And ابتكر, (Ḳ,) or ابتكر الفَاكِهَةَ, (A, Mgh, Mṣb,) andبَكَّرَهَا↓, (TA,) ‡ He ate the first that had come to maturity of fruit, or of the fruit.(A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ.)

Root: بكر - Entry: 8.―Signification: A5

And hence, (Mgh,)ابتكر الجَارِيَةَ ‡ He took the girl's virginity:(A, Mgh:) or he did so before she had attained to puberty.(Mṣb in art. قض, and TA in art. خضر.)

Root: بكر - Entry: 8.―Signification: A6

And ابتكر عَجِينًا † [He took, or made use of, fresh dough for preparing bread]. (Ḳ in art. غرض.)

Root: بكر - Entry: 8.＝Dissociation: B

And اِبْتَكَرَتْ, (Abu-l-Beydà,) or ابتكرت بِوَلَدِهَا, (AHeyth,)She brought forth her first offspring:(AHeyth, Abu-l-Beydà:) or the former signifies she(a woman)brought forth a male at her first birth.(Ḳ.)

بَكْرٌ / بَكْرَةٌ

بَكْرٌ(Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ, &c.) andبُكْرٌ↓, (Ḳ,) but this latter is hardly to be found in any of the lexicons, (MF,) andبِكْرٌ↓, (ISd, TA,)A youthful he-camel; one in a state of youthful vigour: fem. with ة{بَكْرَةٌ}; (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ;) and also بَكْرٌ, without ة: (TA:) the term بَكْرٌ, applied to a camel, corresponds to فَتًى, applied to a human being; and بَكْرَةٌ, to فَتَاةٌ; and قَلُوصٌ, to جَارِيَةٌ; and بَعِيرٌ, to إِنْسَانٌ; and جَمَلٌ, to رَجُلٌ; and نَاقَةٌ, to مَرْأَةٌ: (AO, Ṣ:) or the offspring, or young one, of a she-camel;(Ḳ;) thus indefinitely explained: (TA:) or a camel in his sixth year (ثَنِىٌّ) [and]until he becomes aجَذَع: [but it seems that the reverse must be meant; for a جذع, of camels, is one in his fifth year:] or a camel in his second year[and]until he enters his sixth year: or a camel in his second year, or that has entered his third year, or that has completed his second year and entered his third year; syn. اِبْنُ لَبُونٍ: (Ḳ:) and a camel that has just entered upon his fourth year: and a camel in his fifth year:(IAạr, Az:) or a camel that has not entered his ninth year:(Ḳ:) and sometimes it is metaphorically applied to a human being; [meaning ‡ a young man;] and بَكْرَةٌ to ‡ a young woman:(TA:) the pl. (of pauc., Ṣ) is أَبْكُرٌ; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) andأُبَيْكِرُونَ↓ occurs as pl. of the dim. of أَبْكُرٌ; (Ṣ, TA;) and (pl. of mult., Ṣ, TA)بِكَارٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) like as فِرَاخٌis pl. of فَرْخٌ; (Ṣ;) or this is pl. of بَكْرَةٌ; (Mṣb, Ḳ;) and there are other pls. of بَكْرٌ, namely, بُكْرَانٌ(Ḳ) and بِكَارَةٌ; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) and [quasi-pl. n.]بَكَارَةٌ↓. (Ḳ.) Hence the well-known prov., (TA,)صَدَقَنِى سِنَّ بَكْرِهِ, and سِنُّ بَكْرِهِ, meaning He hath told me what is in his mind, and what his ribs infold: a saying originating from the following fact: a man bargained with another for a youthful camel (بَكْر), and said, “What is his age (سِنُّهُ)?” the other answered, “He is in his ninth year:” then the young camel took fright and ran away: whereupon his owner said to him, هِدَعْ هِدَعْ; and this is an expression by which are quieted young ones, (Ḳ,) of the camel; (TA;) so when the purchaser heard it, he said, صدقنى سنّ بكره[He hath told me truly the age, or as to the age, of his youthful camel: or the age of his youthful camel has spoken truly to me]: if سنّ is in the accus. case, the meaning [of the verb] is عَرَّفَنِى, (Ḳ,) and سنّ is in the accus. case as a second objective complement; (TA;) or خَبَرَ سِنِّ is meant; [in the CK, erroneously, خَبَرَ;] or فِى سِنِّ; the prefixed noun [خَبَرَ] or the proposition [فِى] being suppressed [and سنّ being therefore in the accus. case]: but if سنّ is in the nom. case, veracity is attributed to the [animal's] age, by an amplification: (Ḳ:) or, as some say, the buyer said to the owner of the camel, “How many years has he?” and he told him; and he looked at the teeth of the camel, and found him to be as he had said; whereupon he said, صدقنى سِنُّ بكره. (Ḥar p. 95.)

بُكْرٌ

بِكْرٌ

بِكْرٌA virgin;(Ṣ, Ḳ;) and a man who has not yet drawn near to a woman;(TA;)contr. ofثَيِّبٌ, applied to a man as well as to a female:(Mgh, Mṣb:) pl. أَبْكَارٌ. (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ.)

Root: بكر - Entry: بِكْرٌ―Signification: A2

And [hence,] † A pearl unpierced.(MF.) And † A bow when one first shoots with it.(TA.) And ‡ A cloud abounding with water:(Ḳ, TA:) likened to a virgin, because her blood is more than that of her who is not a virgin: and the phrase سَحَابٌ بِكْرٌ is sometimes used. (TA.) And نَارٌ بِكْرٌ ‡ Fire not lighted from another fire.(Aṣ, A.)

Root: بكر - Entry: بِكْرٌ―Signification: A3

Also She that has not yet brought forth offspring:(AHeyth:) and a cow that has not yet conceived:(Ḳ:) or a heifer (Ḳ, TA)that has not yet conceived:(TA:) and a woman, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and a she-camel, (Aṣ, Ḳ,)that has brought forth but once: pl. أَبْكَارٌ and بِكَارٌ: (TA:) or a she-camel in her first state or condition.(Ḥam p. 340.)

Root: بكر - Entry: بِكْرٌ―Signification: A4

And [hence,] ‡ A grape-vine that has produced fruit but once:(A, Ḳ:) pl. أَبْكَارٌ. (A.)

Root: بكر - Entry: بِكْرٌ―Signification: A5

Also i. q.بَكْرٌ, q. v. (ISd, TA.) And [hence,]أَبْكَارُ الأَوْلَادِ † Young children.(TA, from a trad.) And أَبْكَارُ النَّحْلِ † Young bees.(TA.) Whence, عَسَلُ أَبْكَارٍ ‡ Honey produced by young bees: or this means honey of which the preparation has been superintended by virgin-girls.(A,* TA.)

Root: بكر - Entry: بِكْرٌ―Signification: A6

Also ‡ The first-born of his, or her, mother(Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ)and father;(Mṣb, Ḳ;) applied alike to the male and the female:(Ṣ:) and sometimes to that which is not the offspring of human beings; (TA;) the first-born of camels; (Ṣ;) and of a serpent: (TA:) pl. أَبْكَارٌ. (TA.) You say, هٰذَا بِكْرُ أَبَوَيْهِ ‡ This is the first-born of his parents.(TA.) And أَشَدُّ النَّاسِ بِكْرٌ ٱبْنُ بِكْرَيْنِ(A) or بِكْرُ بِكْرَيْنِ(M, TA) ‡ [The strongest of men is the first-born of a man and woman each a first-born].

Root: بكر - Entry: بِكْرٌ―Signification: A7

† The first of anything; (Ḳ;) as alsoبَاكُورَةٌ↓: (TA:) and † an action that has not been preceded by its like.(Ḳ.) You say, مَا هٰذَا الأَمْرُ مِنْكَ بِكْرًا وَلَا ثَنِيًا ‡ This thing, or affair, is not thy first nor thy second.(A, TA.)

Root: بكر - Entry: بِكْرٌ―Signification: A8

حَاجَةٌ بِكْرٌ ‡ A want, or needful thing, recently sought to be accomplished or attained:(TA:) or that is the first in being referred to him of whom its accomplishment is sought.(A, TA.)

Root: بكر - Entry: بِكْرٌ―Signification: A9

ضَرْبَةٌ بِكْرٌ ‡ A cutting blow or stroke,(Ṣ, Ḳ,)that kills(Ḳ)at once,(TA,)not requiring to be struck a second time:(Ṣ, A:) pl. ضَرَبَاتٌ أَبْكَارٌ; occurring in a trad., in which it is said that such were the blows of ʼAlee; (Ṣ, TA;) but in that trad., as some recite it, the latter word is مُبْتَكِرَاتٌ↓. (TA.)

بَكَرٌ

بَكُرٌ

رَجُلٌ بَكُرٌ فِى حَاجَتِهِ, [in the CK, erroneously, بَكْرٌ,] and↓بَكِرٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,* TA,) like حَذُرٌ and حَذِرٌ, (Ṣ,) and↓بَكِيرٌ, (TA,) † A man possessing the quality of applying himself early, or of hastening, or having strength to apply himself early, or to hasten, (صَاحِبُ بُكُورٌ, Ṣ, or قَوِىٌّ عَلَى البُكُورِ, Ḳ,) to do, or accomplish, the thing that he needs, or wants:(Ṣ:)بَكُرٌ and بَكِرٌ[and بَكِيرٌ] are [said to be] possessive epithets; for they have no simple triliteral verb. (TA.)[But see 1, last sentence.]

بَكِرٌ

بَكْرَةٌ

بَكْرَةٌ(Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and↓بَكَرَةٌ(Mṣb, Ḳ) The thing upon which[passes the rope wherewith]one draws water(Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ)from a well[or the like]; (Ṣ;)[i. e. the sheave of a pulley;]a round piece of wood, in the middle[of the circumference]whereof is a groove(Ḳ, TA)for the rope, and in the interior[or centre]whereof is an axis upon which it turns:(TA:) or a quickمَحَالَة[or large sheave of a pulley]: (M, Ḳ:)[but MF disapproves of this last explanation: sometimes, by a synecdoche, it is used to signify a pulley complete:] the pl. is بَكَرٌ↓, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) a pl. of the former, anomalous, like حَلَقٌpl. of حَلْقَةٌ, and حَمَأٌpl. of حَمْأَةٌ, (Ṣ,) or of the latter; (Mṣb;) or a coll. gen. n., of which بَكَرَةٌ is the n. un.; (MF;) and بَكَرَات, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) a pl. of the former [as well as of the latter]. (Ṣ, Mṣb.)

Root: بكر - Entry: بَكْرَةٌ―Signification: A2

Hence, app., the former signifies also † A small ring, like a bead, in the ornamental part of a sword:(Mgh:)[and the pl.]بَكَرَاتٌ signifies † the rings that are attached to the ornamental part[of the scabbard]of a sword,(Ḳ,)resembling the [rings called]قَتَخ[which are worn upon the fingers or toes]of women.(TA.)

Root: بكر - Entry: بَكْرَةٌ―Signification: A3

[And hence, perhaps,] † An assembly, a company, or a congregated body.(IAạr, Ḳ.)

Root: بكر - Entry: بَكْرَةٌ―Signification: A4

جَاؤُوا عَلَى بَكْرَةِ أَبِيهِمْ is a prov., (TA,) meaning ‡ They came together, not one remaining behind,(Ṣ, TA;)they came all of them,(AA, IJ, A, TA,)without exception:(TA:) or they came in a multitude, and all together, none remaining behind:(TA:) or they came in succession, one after, or at the heels of, another:(AO:) or they came in one way, or manner:(Aṣ:)[accord. to some, from بكرة as explained in the next preceding sentence; and, if so, على is used in the sense of مَعَ, or مُشْتَمِلِينَ is understood before it: or it is from بكرة signifying “a youthful she-camel;” and thus implies that they were few: (see Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 312:) or] from بَكَّرْتُ فِى كَذَا meaning “I was,” or “became,” or “went,” “before in such a thing;” so that it signifies that they came from first to last: (IJ:) or from بكرة in the first of the senses explained in this paragraph; though in this case there is no بكرة in reality. (AO, Ṣ.*)

بُكْرَةٌ

بُكْرَةٌ andبَكَرٌ↓ The early morning, or first part of the day;(Bḍ and Jel in xix. 12 and xxxiii. 41 and xlviii. 9, as relating to the former word; and Ḳ;*)between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise; syn. غُدْوَةٌ; andإِبْكَارٌ↓ is a subst. in the same sense, (Ḳ,) accord. to the lexicologists, as Sb says; but he adds that he holds it to be [only] the inf. n. of أَبْكَرَ: (TA: [and the like is said in the Ṣ with reference to its occurrence in the Ḳur iii. 36 and xl. 57:]) pl. [of pauc.] of the first, أَبْكَارٌ, and [of mult.]بُكَرٌ. (T, Mṣb.) You say, أَتَيْتُهُ بُكْرَةٌ(Ṣ, A, Mṣb) andبَكَرًا↓, (A,) meaningبَاكِرٍا↓[I came to him early in the morning,, &c.]. (Ṣ, A, Mṣb.) But if you mean the بُكْرَةٌ of a particular day, you say, أَتَيْتُهُ بُكْرَةَ, making the noun imperfectly decl.; [meaning I came to him early in the morning,, &c., of this day;] and in this case it is not to be used otherwise than as an adv. n. of time. (Ṣ.) If you say بَاكِرًا↓, using this word as an epithet, you use بَاكِرَة for the fem. (TA.) You say also, سِرْ عَلَى فَرَسِكَ بُكْرَةً andبَكَرًا↓[Go thou on thy horse early in the morning,, &c.]; like as you say, سَحَرًا. (Ṣ, TA. [But in two copies of the Ṣ, for سرْ, I find سِيرَ.])

بَكَرَةٌ

بَكُورٌ

بَكُورٌ(A, Ḳ) andبَاكُورٌ↓(Ḳ) andبَاكِرٌ↓(A) andمُبْكِرٌ↓(Ḳ) ‡ Rain that falls in the first of its season:(A:) or that comes(TA)in the commencement of[the season of]theوَسْمِىّ[q. v.]: (Ḳ, TA:) and that comes in the end of the night, or the beginning of the day.(TA.) You say also سَحَابَةٌ مِدْلَاجٌ بَكُورٌ ‡ [A cloud that comes in the latter part of the night, in the first of its season, bringing rain]: (A:) andسَحَابَةٌ مِبْكَارٌ↓a cloud that comes in the end of the night.(TA.)

بَاكُورٌ / بَاكُورَةٌ

بَاكُورَةٌ

Also, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) or بَاكُورَةٌ الفَا كِهَةِ, (A, Mṣb,) ‡ The first of fruit:(Ṣ:) or the first that comes to maturity, of fruit:(A, Mṣb, Ḳ:) or fruit that hastens to come forth:(AḤát, Mṣb:) pl. بَوَاكِيرُ and بَاكُورَاتٌ. (Mṣb.)

Root: بكر - Entry: بَاكُورَةٌ―Signification: A3

The pl. بَوَاكِيرُ also signifies † Winds that announce[coming]rain.(A in art. بشر)