An example of an isolated system would be a thermos because no energy or heat can be exchanged with the surroundings because the walls are thermally insulated (no heat), and the volume is constant (no energy as work).

The thermos is always a good example, but all an isolated system really is is an insulated closed system. So you could theoretically take any closed system (like a gas tank), insulate it, and create an isolated system

An isolated system means that there is no matter or energy transfer between the contents in the inside and its surroundings. The most general example of a truly closed system is the universe because there is nothing that exists outside of the universe so nothing can be transferred between it and its surroundings. Another example is a thermos because the heat and matter is kept inside because of insolation. Finally, the example that Lavelle uses is a calorimeter because materials can be burned inside and measured because heat and can't escape to the surroundings.