1868 Burlingame-Seward Treaty allows free immigration between
the U.S. and China. Wa Chong Company is created in Seattle and
becomes a central gathering place for the Chinese community in
Washington State. Eugene Van Reed illegally ships Japanese
workers to Hawaii. Sam Damon opens Chinese Sunday School in
Hawaii.

1869 First transcontinental railroad is completed. Chinese
workers lay an estimated 90% of the track. No official group
photos of laborers include them. J.H. Schnell takes Japanese
to California and establishes the Wakamatsu Tea and Silk
Colony.

1870 234 Chinese in Washington State. First Congressional
debate over the rights of Chinese in the U.S. Chinese miners
in eastern Washington State outnumbers white miners nearly two
to one. California makes illegal the importation of Chinese,
Japanese and "Mongolian" women for prostitution. Chinese
railroad workers sue Texas company for failure to pay workers.

1875 Page Law prohibits the entry Chinese, Japanese and
"Mongolian" prostitutes, contract laborers and felons.

1876 The U.S. and Hawaii sign Reciprocity Treaty, allowing
Hawaiian sugar to enter the U.S. duty-free.

1877 Anti-Chinese violence persists in Chico, California.
Japanese Christians in San Francisco set up the Gospel
Society, the first Japanese immigrant association.

1879 California's second constitution prohibits employment of
Chinese by municipalities and corporations. California passes
law requiring the removal of all Chinese outside of the city
limits of all incorporated towns and cities, but the law is
ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. circuit court.

1880 3,186 Chinese in Washington State, or 4% of population.
Total in U.S. is 105,465. U.S. and China sign treaty giving
the U.S. the right to limit but "not absolutely prohibit" the
immigration of Chinese. California Civil Code is amended to
prohibit inter-racial marriages between a white person and a
"Negro, Mulatto, or Mongolian." Filipinos are added to the
list in 1933. The law is repealed in 1948.

1881 King Kalakaua of Hawaii visits Japan during his world
tour. Sit Moon becomes pastor of Hawaii's first Chinese
Christian Church.

1882 Chinese Exclusion Act prohibits Chinese immigration to
the U.S. By 1890, the ratio of men to women among Chinese
Americans is thirty to one nationwide; not until 1940 would
the ratio drop to less than two to one. The Treaty of Amity
and Commerce allows Koreans to immigrate to the U.S.

1883 Northern Pacific Railroad transcontinental line is
completed from Lake Superior, using nearly 17,000 Chinese
throughout the entire span of the project. Chinese establish
Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (CCBA) in New
York.

1884 Joseph and Mary Tape sue San Francisco school board for
right to enroll their daughter, Mamie in a public school. CCBA
establishes Chinese language school in San Francisco.
Establishment of Vancouver CCBA. Amendment of 1882 Chinese
Exclusion Law requires a certificate as the sole permissible
evidence for reentry.

1885 Large-scale immigration of Japanese contract laborers to
Hawaii begins. One fifth are women. San Francisco builds
segregated "Oriental School." Anti-Chinese violence in Rock
Springs, Wyoming Territory. First group of Japanese contract
laborers arrives in Hawaii.

1886 Washington State passes the Alien Land Law barring Asians
from owning land. Residents of Seattle, Tacoma, and other
towns and cities in the West expel the Chinese. Chinese
immigration to Hawaii ends. Yik Wo v. Hopkins declares that
any law with unequal impact on different groups is
discriminatory.

1888 Scott Law prohibits reentry of Chinese laborers who left
the U.S. to visit families and homeland. The first Japanese
farm laborers are brought to California. 50th Congress passes
law to prohibit the entry of Chinese laborers to the U.S. and
lasts for 20 years. Yick Wo v. Hopkins insures all people,
regardless of race, equal treatment in the courts, government,
and workplace.

1892 Ellis Island opens. Between 1892 and 1953, more than 12
million immigrants will be processed at this one facility. The
Geary Act extends Chinese exclusion for another ten years,
extends it again for another 10 years in 1902, and
indefinitely extends it in 1904. Fong Yue Ting v. U.S. upholds
Geary Law.

1893 Japanese in San Francisco form the Japanese Shoemaker's
League. Residents of southern California towns attempt to
expel Chinese.

1894 U.S. circuit in Massachusetts declares that Japanese are
ineligible for naturalization. Japanese immigration to Hawaii
under Irwin Convention ends.

1898 The U.S. annexes Hawaii. The U.S. acquires the
Philippines and Guam as a result of the Spanish-American War.
Wong Kim Ark, born of Chinese parents, wins Supreme Court case
establishing that a person born in the U.S. is a citizen
regardless of parentage. San Francisco Japanese establish
Young Men's Buddhist Association. U.S. annexes the Philippines
and Hawaii.

1899 Nishi Hongwanji priests set up first North American
Buddhist mission in California.

1899-1902 The Philippine American War becomes America's first
colonial war. One quarter of the population of Luzon,
Philippines dies in the three-year conflict.

1900 Japanese sugar plantation workers on Lahaina in Hawaii go
on strike and win most demands including a nine-hour workday.
Japanese plantation workers begin migrating to the mainland.
Bubonic plague scare in San Francisco causes Chinatown to be
cordoned and quarantined.

1900s Seattle Chinatown develops.

1902 Chinese exclusion extended an additional ten years.
Without search warrants, police and immigration officials raid
Boston's Chinatown, arresting almost 250 Chinese who allegedly
did not have registration certificates.

1903 Pensionado Act allows Filipino students to study in the
U.S. Japanese and Mexican farmworkers join in Oxnard,
California to form the Japanese-Mexican Labor Association.
1,500 sugar beet workers go on strike. The first group of
Korean immigrants arrives in Hawaii to work on Hawaiian sugar
plantations. Forty Filipino men are contracted to come to
North American to lay telephone cable from Seattle to Alaska.
Most remain. 1,500 Japanese and Mexican sugar beet workers
strike in Oxnard, California.

1903-1905 First wave of Korean immigration to U.S.

1903-1910 First wave of Filipino immigration to U.S.

1904 Filipinos are exhibited as part of World's Fair in St.
Louis. Japanese plantation workers take part in first
organized strike in Hawaii. Punjabi Sikhs arrive in British
Columbia.

1905 U.S. v. Jue Toy endows the commissioner-general of
immigration sole jurisdiction over Chinese immigration.
Chinese in Hawaii and the mainland U.S. support boycott of
American products in China. Korean Episcopal Church and Korean
Methodist Church established in Hawaii and California
respectively. San Francisco School Board attempts segregation
of Japanese schoolchildren. Korean emigration ends. Koreans in
San Francisco establish Mutual Assistance Society. Asiatic
Exclusion League established in San Francisco. Marriage
between whites and "Mongolians" prohibited in California.

1906 San Francisco excludes Japanese, Korean, and Chinese
children from public school. U.S. Attorney General orders
federal courts to stop issuing naturalization papers to
Japanese. San Francisco Board of Education votes to exclude
Japanese, Korean, and Chinese children from public school.
Anti-Asian riots in Vancouver. Koreans in Los Angeles
establish Korean Presbyterian Church in Los Angeles. Japanese
scientists studying the aftermath of the earthquake in San
Francisco are stoned.

1907 Immigration from India to the U.S. begins. President
Theodore Roosevelt's executive order bars Japanese and Korean
workers' entry via Mexico, Canada, or Hawaii. Koreans in
Hawaii form United Korean Society. First group of Filipino
workers arrive in Hawaii. Asian Indians are expelled from
Bellingham, Washington.

1907-1908 "Gentlemen's Agreement" limits Japanese immigration
to parents, wives, and children of males already here.
Japanese "picture brides" come to America.

1908 Japanese Association of America formed. Canada denies
entry to Asian Indian immigrants who have not come by
"continuous journey." Asian Indians are driven from Live Oak,
California.

1909 Early political groups merge to form Korean National
Association. As a result of four months of strikes by 7,000
Japanese workers at major plantations on Oahu, the Hawaiian
Sugar Planters' Association decides to raise wages and abolish
system of setting wages by nationality. Jenkins family becomes
the first family of Filipino descent in Washington State.
Filipinos are exhibited as part of Seattle's
Alaskan-Yukon-Pacific Exhibition. Seventeen Filipinos in
Washington State. 1909-1934 Second wave of Filipino
immigration to the U.S.

1910 Picture brides from Korea arrive in Hawaii. Seattle's
International District is created. It is the only place in the
mainland U.S. where Chinese, Japanese, Filipinos, African
Americans and Vietnamese settled together and built a
neighborhood. Chong Wa Benevolent Association is established
in Seattle. 1,414 South Asians in Washington State.
Administrative measures restricts entry of Asian Indians into
California.

1911 Chinese men in America cut off their queues following the
China revolution. Pablo Manlapit founds Filipino Higher Wages
Association in Hawaii. Japanese Association of Oregon formed
in Portland.

1913 Alien Land Act passes in California and prohibits Asians
from owning land. Sikhs in Washington and Oregon found
Hindustani Association. Asian Indians in California establish
Hindustani Association. Pablo Manlapit founds Filipino
Unemployed Association in Hawaii. Japanese in Seattle form
Northwest Japanese Association of America. Korean farmworkers
are forced out of Hemet, California.

1914 Asian Indian immigrants, attempting to charter a ship to
enter Canada by continuous journey, are denied landing in
Vancouver.

1915 Washington State law bars Asian immigrants from taking
"for sale or profit any salmon or other food or shellfish."
Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Central Japanese Association
of Southern California are formed.

1917 Asiatic Barred Zone prevents U.S. immigration from most
of eastern Asia and the Pacific Islands.

1920 2,363 Chinese-a sharp decline due to exclusionary
immigrant restrictions. 17,387 Japanese and 958 Filipinos in
Washington State. Filipino Community of Bremerton is
established.

1920 Large scale immigration of Filipino farm workers begins.

1921 Washington State enacts the Alien Land Act preventing
non-citizens and those ineligible for citizenship from owning
or leasing land.

1922 Ozawa v. U.S. Supreme Court rules that Takao Ozawa is
ineligible for citizenship because of his "Mongolian"
ancestry. Washington State passes additional alien land
restrictions against Asians.

1923 Filipino boxer Francisco Guilledo becomes the flyweight
champion of the world. Bhagat Singh Thind v. The U.S. rules
that Asian Indians are ineligible for citizenship.

1924 National Origins Act-the most restrictive immigration
legislation in U.S. history-prohibits immigration of most
Asians. It excludes all Asian laborers, except Filipinos, and
prevents Chinese women from rejoining their husbands in the
U.S.

1925 Hidemitsu v. U.S. Supreme Court rules that to maintain
distinction of race and color in naturalization laws, a
Japanese person cannot be naturalized.

1927 With Gong Lum v. Rice, Supreme Court of Mississippi rules
for separate but equal facilities for Mongolian children.
Filipino Federation of American organizes to obtain U.S.
citizenship for its members. Anti-Filipino riot in Yakima
Valley.

1928 Anti-Filipino riot in Wenatchee Valley. Japanese
immigrant Fujimatsu Moriguchi creates Uwajimaya (after his
birth place) as a small Tacoma fish market. It is now the
largest Asian grocery and gift store in the Pacific Northwest.
Filipino farm workers are forced out of Yakima Valley,
Washington.

1929 Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) is formed by the
West Coast Nisei. blue Nearly 3,000 Filipinos working in
Alaskan canneries. The Filipino Growers Association
establishes a Filipino Community Hall on Bainbridge Island.

1933 Cannery Workers' and Farm Laborers' Union formed in Seattle;Virgil Duyungan, a Filipino cannery worker, is the
first president. Filipino Labor Union is founded. Filipinos
are ruled ineligible for citizenship and therefore are barred
from immigrating to the U.S.

1934 Tydings-McDuffie Act makes the Philippines a
commonwealth, lays out procedures for Philippine independence,
and limits Filipino immigration to 50 per year.

1935 The Filipino Community of Seattle is established.

1937 100 charter members create the Filipino Community of
Yakima Valley.

1937 Alien land restrictions in Washington State are extended
to Filipinos. Washington State legislature attempts to pass an
anti-miscegenation law prohibiting "any person of the
Caucasian or white race to intermarry with any person of the
Ethiopian or black race, the Malayan or brown race, or
Mongolian or yellow race."

1940 1,700 Koreans living on the U.S. mainland. 14,565
Japanese and Japanese Americans living in Washington state,
comprising 11.5% of the population.

1941 Washington State Supreme Court rules in favor of Pio
DeCano who in 1939 challenged the 1937 amendment to Washington
State Alien Land Law prohibiting Filipinos from owning and
leasing land. Japan attacks the U.S. Pacific fleet at Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii. The U.S. declares war against Japan. Japanese
forces invade the Philippines. Thousands of Filipinos fight
beside American soldiers in the Philippines.

1942 President Franklin D. Roosevelt changes draft laws. Forty
percent of California's Filipino population registers for the
draft. The First and Second Filipino Infantry Regiments form.
President Roosevelt signs Executive Order (EO) 9066, calling
for the evacuation of persons of Japanese ancestry living on
the Pacific Coast to internment camps. Fifty-four Japanese
American families are forcibly removed from Bainbridge Island
and are sent to the Manzanar
relocation center in California, becoming the first to be
interned under EO 9066. Seattle native Gordon Hirabayashi
defies curfew and evacuation orders and turns himself in to
the FBI to challenge EO 9066. In December, protests break out
at the Manzanar center.

1943 442nd Combat Unit made up of Japanese Americans forms and
becomes the most highly decorated single unit that fought in
World War II. As members of the armed forces, Filipinos are
allowed to become U.S. citizens. 1,200 Filipino soldiers stand
proudly in "V" formation at Camp Beale as citizenship is
conferred on them. Congress repeals the Chinese Exclusion Act
but allows only 105 immigrants per year. Hirabayashi v. U.S.
Supreme Court rules that the curfew law imposed on Japanese
Americans during World War II is constitutional.

1944 Korematsu v. the U.S. rules that the order excluding
Japanese Americans from the West Coast is justified because of
military necessity.

1945 Japanese American soldiers help liberate Dachau, a Nazi
concentration camp in Germany. World War II ends. War Brides
Act facilitates the entry of Asian wives of men in the U.S.
armed forces. An estimated 200,000 Asian war brides immigrate
to the U.S. after World War II. War Relocation Authority notes
that 120,313 people of Japanese descent, two-third of whom
were American citizens, lived in the internment camps from
1942-1945. Chinese wives of American citizens are allowed to
emigrate.

1946 Luce-Cellar Bill allows small immigration quotas and
grants naturalization rights to Asian Indians and Filipinos.
President Harry S. Truman signs the Filipino Naturalization
Bill allowing Filipinos to become citizens. The Philippines
gains its independence. Wing F. Ong is elected to the Arizona
House of Representatives and becomes the first Asian American
to become a state legislator.

1947 President Truman grants full pardon to the Japanese
Americans who had been convicted for resisting the draft while
they and their families were held in concentration camps. U.S.
Second wave of South Asians begins. War Brides Act is amended
to allow Chinese American veterans to bring their brides to
the U.S.

1947-1990 Second wave of South Asian immigration begins.

1948 Sammy Lee, a Korean American diver, wins an Olympic gold
medal in platform diving. He wins a second one in 1952 and
becomes the first man to win diving titles at two consecutive
Olympics. The Filipino Women's Club is formed in Seattle.
Japanese American Claims Act passes, allowing limited redress
for those dispossessed of their property during internment.
Displaced Persons Act allows Chinese, who are caught in the
U.S. due to the Chinese civil war, to remain in the U.S. and
to have permanent resident status. California law banning
interracial marriages is repealed after almost 70 years.

1949 Nisei War Memorial in Seattle is dedicated to World War
II soldiers of Japanese ancestry. 5,000 highly educated
Chinese in the U.S. receive refugee status after China is
taken over by a Communist government.

1950 With Haruye v. The People, the Supreme Court of
California finds the state's Alien Land Act violates the 14th
Amendment. 9,694 Japanese and Japanese Americans living in
Washington State, a 44% decline from 1920 as a result of the
World War II Japanese internment.

1950-1953 Korean War, the end of which marks the second wave
of Korean immigration to the U.S. blue Guamanians and Samoans
begin to arrive in the U.S. and Congress grants citizenship to
Guamanians.

1952 The McCarran-Walter Act repeals the racial restriction of
the 1790 Naturalization Law. First generation Japanese receive
the right to become naturalized citizens.
Immigration and Nationality Act eliminates race as a bar to
immigration and naturalization; token quotas remain. Fujii Sei
v. State of California rules that Alien Land Law is
unconstitutional. Filipino Community Hall of Wapato,
Washington opens.

1956 California ends its 43-year old alien land laws. Dalip
Singh Saund, a South Asian, becomes first Asian to be elected
to Congress. He worked for the rights of South Asians to
become naturalized citizens and for a 1949 change in the law,
which allowed him to become a congressperson. California
repeals its 43-year-old Alien Land Act. Filipino American
author Carlos Bulosan (America is in the Heart) dies and is
buried in Seattle, Washington.

1959-1975 Vietnam War, the end of which marks the migrations
of Southeast Asians to the U.S.

1960 United Savings & Loan Bank becomes the first Asian
American-owned savings and loan institution in the U.S. It is
dedicated to helping Asian families who had difficulty getting
loans from other banks.

1962 Wing Luke is elected to Seattle City Council and becomes
the first Asian American elected official in the Pacific
Northwest. Daniel K. Inouye becomes a U.S. Senator of Hawaii.

1964 Japanese American Patsy Takemoto Mink is elected as a
U.S. representative from Hawaii and becomes first Asian
American woman to serve in Congress.

1967 The Wing Luke Asian Museum is established in Seattle,
Washington. It is the only pan-Asian American museum in the U.S devoted to the collection, preservation, and display of
Asian Pacific American culture, history and art. It is named
in honor of Seattle City Council member Wing Luke, who died in
a plane crash two years earlier.

1968 San Francisco State University students go on strike to
establish ethnic studies programs.

1970 President Nixon admits that the U.S. had been bombing
Laos for the past six years. Asian American students are part
of a nationwide protest against American invasion of Cambodia
and the broadening of the war in Vietnam.

1972 Northwest Asian American Theatre, one of only six in the
US, is founded in Seattle. Asian American community activists
use the decision to build the Kingdome near the International
District in Seattle to call attention to the economic, social
and physical decay of the International District. The first
national conference of Asian Americans and Pacific Island
peoples is held in San Francisco, California. National
Organization of U.S. Filipino American citizens is established
in Seattle, WA. Governor Evans of Washington state creates the
State Asian Advisory Council by executive order. Federal
legislation repeals two "anti-Oriental" laws, an 1872 law
prohibiting entry of "Orientals" without a permit and a 1905
law banning "the import of an oriental woman with the intent
to sell her." Governor Evans of Washington State creates the
State Asian Advisory Council by executive order.

1974 The International Examiner, a Seattle based Asian
American newspaper, is established. Enter the Dragon is
released starring Bruce Lee, a Chinese American actor and
martial artist, who dies that same year. Washington State
created the State of Washington Commission on Asian American
Affairs, replacing the State Asian Advisory Council. In 1995,
the Commission's name changes to include Pacific Islanders.
Lau v. Nichols establishes precedent-setting bilingual
education programs nationwide.

1975 First annual Asian American Festival held in Columbus
Park, Chinatown, NY.

1975 President Ford authorizes 130,000 Southeast Asian
refugees to enter the U.S. as new governments emerge in
Vietnam, Kampuchea, and Laos. First wave of Vietnamese,
Cambodians, Hill Tribes (Hmong, Mien, Khmhu) and other
Southeast Asians arrive after the fall of Saigon and other
bombing of nearby areas.

1976 With Hampton v. Wong Mow Sun, the Supreme Court rules
that Civil Service cannot deny employment on basis of race.
Author Maxine Hong Kingston wins the National Book Critics
Circle Award for her book, Woman Warrior- a book reflecting on
the immigrant issues. It and becomes among the most widely
taught college-level book by a living author.

1978 Second wave of Vietnamese, Laotian, and Cambodian
refugees begins.

1980s Second wave of refugees from the Hill Tribes of Laos to
the U.S.

1980 Refugee Act passes and classifies refugees as those who
flee a country because of persecution "on account of race,
religion, and nationality, or political opinion."
Systemization the admission of refugees and classifies them as
separate from other immigrants.

1981 Commission on Wartime Relocation finds that World War II
Japanese internment was a "grave injustice" caused by "race
prejudice, war hysteria, and a failure of political
leadership." Filipino American labor activists and union
reformists Gene Viernes and Silme Domingo of Local 37 of the
International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union are
murdered in Seattle.

1984 Reverend Jesse Jackson becomes the first presidential
candidate to visit New York City's Chinatown.

1984-1987 Fred Korematsu's and Gordon Hirabayashi's
convictions for challenging the Japanese American curfew and
evacuation during World War II are overturned.

1987 Amerasian Homecoming Act of 1987 facilitates immigration
of Amerasian children and certain members of their families.
Third wave of Vietnamese immigration to the U.S. begins.

1988 President Reagan signs the Civil Liberties Act,
authorizing $125 billion in reparations payments to Japanese
American survivors of World War II internment camps.

1989 Chinese American Michael Chang becomes the youngest
French Open and Grand Slam tennis champion at age seventeen.

1989 The Samoan community organizes to demand an apology from
the police when 75 police officers beat and harass guests at a
Samoan bridal shower in Carson, California.

1991 300 protest against sexist and racist themes at the
opening of Miss Saigon on Broadway.

1992 2,300 small businesses are destroyed in Koreatown during
the Los Angeles riots. The Asian Pacific American Labor
Alliance is founded in Washington, D.C. and forms the first
national Asian Pacific American labor group, a subgroup of the
AFL-CIO. The 102nd Congress unanimously passes legislation
designating May of each year as Asian Pacific American
Heritage Month for the nation. Chinese for Affirmative Action
file suit against the University of California, claiming that
University California uses quotas to limit Asian American
enrollment. Japanese American ice skater Kristi Yamaguchi
places first in the Albertville Winter Olympics.

1993 731 Asian Pacific American elected or appointed positions
state, county, and local government. After a 36-day hunger
strike in May, Asian American students at University of
California finally get the administrations to agree to
establish an Asian American studies program.

1994 U.S. government returns Kaho'olawe to Hawaii. The sacred
site was a Navy bombing ground for 40 years.

1996 Washington State voters elect Gary Locke as the state's
21st governor, the first Asian American governor on the U.S.
mainland. The TIME magazine's 1996 Man of the Year is Dr.
David Ho for his groundbreaking research efforts on the AIDS
virus. Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year is golfer
Tiger Woods. He refers to his ethnicity as "Cablinasian", an
ethnic blend of Caucasian, Black, American Indian, and Asian.

1997 Kalpana Chawla joins the crew of the Columbia Space
Shuttle, becoming the first South Asian American astronaut in
space.

1999 Washington State has the highest number of Asian Pacific
American elected state officials in the U.S. mainland. 341,
650 Asian Pacific Americans in Washington State, triple the
number in 1980. Approximately 10 million Asian Pacific
Americans living in the U.S.

2000 Senator Paull Shin, the first Korean American Washington
State senator, sponsors successful legislation to declare May
of each year as Asian Pacific Heritage Month for Washington
State. Sources "Asian Americans: An Interpretive History, APAs
in Washington State" by Suchen Chan; "A History Bursting with
Telling: Asian Americans in Washington State" by the
University of Washington History Department; and the Wing Luke
Asian Museum.
On June 29, 2000, President Cliton nominates Norm Mineta as
the 33rd Secretary of Commerce and the first Asian American to
hold an executive cabinet post.