The purpose of this study is to compare the safety, tolerability, and antiviral activity of the lopinavir/ritonavir tablet when administered in combination with reverse transcriptase inhibitors to lopinavir/ritonavir tablets when administered in combination with a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1) integrase inhibitor in antiretroviral naive HIV-1 infected subjects.

Percentage of Participants Responding (Plasma HIV-1 Ribonucleic Acid [RNA] Levels Less Than 40 Copies/Milliliter [mL]) at Week 48 Based on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) Algorithm [ Time Frame: Baseline to Week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

A participant was classified as a responder at the first of 2 consecutive visits with plasma HIV-1 RNA levels below 40 copies/mL. The participant continued to be a responder until one of the following: the participant had 2 consecutive values greater than or equal to 40 copies/mL; the final measurement, if the final measurement was the first one documenting an increase in plasma HIV-1 RNA level to greater than or equal to 40 copies/mL; the participant discontinued participation in the study or died.

Treatment-emergent adverse events were defined as those occurring after study drug initiation and within 30 days after the last dose of study drug. Treatment-emergent, moderate or severe drug-related adverse events that occurred in at least 2% of participants in either treatment arm are presented.

Potentially clinically significant laboratory values that occurred in at least 2% of participants in either treatment arm are presented.

Secondary Outcome Measures:

Percentage of Participants Responding (Plasma HIV-1 RNA Levels Below 40 Copies/Milliliter [mL]) at Each Visit Based on the FDA Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) Algorithm [ Time Frame: Baseline to Week 96 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

A participant was classified as a responder at the first of 2 consecutive visits with plasma HIV-1 RNA levels below 40 copies/mL. The participant continued to be a responder until one of the following: 1) the participant had 2 consecutive values greater than or equal to 40 copies/mL; the final measurement, if the final measurement was the first one documenting an increase in plasma HIV-1 RNA level to greater than or equal to 40 copies/mL; the participant discontinued participation in the study or died.

Mean Change in CD4+ T-Cell Counts From Baseline to Each Visit [ Time Frame: Baseline to Week 96 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

Time to Loss of Virologic Response - Percentage of Participants Still Categorized as Responders at Day 672 [ Time Frame: Baseline to Week 96 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

Time of loss of virologic response was defined as the first of the following: first of 2 consecutive visits with plasma HIV-1 RNA greater than or equal to 40 copies/milliliter (mL), if the participant previously demonstrated 2 consecutive plasma HIV-1 RNA levels below 40 copies/mL; Study Day 1, if the subject never achieved 2 consecutive plasma HIV-1 RNA levels below 40 copies/mL; the day of the final measurement, if the final measurement was the first one documenting an increase in plasma HIV-1 RNA level to greater than or equal to 40 copies/mL.

Number of Participants Who Developed Resistance to Each Drug in the Study Regimen, as Defined by the International AIDS Society-USA (IAS-USA) Panel. [ Time Frame: Baseline to Week 96 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

Resistance to study drugs was defined as described by the International AIDS Society-USA (IAS-USA) Panel. All participants had an HIV-1 drug resistance genotype (lopinavir/ritonavir, tenofovir, or emtricitabine) obtained at the Screening Visit. Beginning at Week 8, if participant's plasma HIV-1 RNA was greater than or equal to 40 copies/milliliter (mL) and was below 40 copies/mL at the previous visit, additional procedures were undertaken to determine if resistance to study drug occurred.

Number of Participants Who Developed Resistance, Defined Conservatively, to Lopinavir [ Time Frame: Baseline to Week 96 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

Beginning at Week 8, if participant's plasma HIV-1 RNA was greater than/equal to 40 copies/milliliter (mL) and was below 40 copies/mL at the previous visit, additional procedures were undertaken to determine if resistance occurred. Evidence of lopinavir resistance was more conservatively defined as the presence of 1 or more of these mutations: protease I47V or A, G48V, I50V, V82A or F or T or S, I84V, L90M; or presence of at least 3 or more of these mutations: protease L10F or I or R or V, K20M or R, L24I, V32I, L33F, M36I, M46I or L, F53L, any change to I54, A71V or T, and G73S.

The Survey is a brief, comprehensive health status measure used in studies of people with HIV/AIDS. Participants rate their health and mental/emotional condition, how much their health limits physical activities (eating, dressing, bathing, climbing stairs, walking one block, etc.) and social activities (for example, visiting with friends or relatives), and other questions that measure quality of life. The physical component summarizes answers to questions about physical status. Possible scores range from 0 to 100. A higher score indicates better health, and increases indicate improvement.

The Survey is a brief, comprehensive health status measure used in studies of people with HIV/AIDS. Participants rate their health and mental/emotional condition, how much their health limits physical activities (eating, dressing, bathing, climbing stairs, walking one block, etc.) and social activities (visiting with friends or relatives, etc.), and other questions that measure quality of life. The mental component summarizes answers to questions about emotional and mental wellbeing. Possible scores range from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicates better health, and increases indicate improvement.

The Effectiveness Scale of the TSQM evaluates the participant's satisfaction or dissatisfaction (1=extremely dissatisfied to 7=extremely satisfied) with the ability of the medication to prevent or treat the condition, the way the medication relieves symptoms, the amount of time it takes for the medication to start working, and other questions. Scores are converted to a range of 0 to 100. A higher score indicates greater satisfaction.

The Side Effects scale of the TSQM asks if the participant experiences side effects (yes/no), and if so, how bothersome the side effects are, to what extent they interfere with physical health and ability to function (for example, strength and energy levels), to what extent they interfere with mental function (for example, ability to think clearly, stay awake, etc.), and to what extent the side effects affect the participants overall satisfaction with the medication. Scores are converted to a range of 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate less interference and/or less dissatisfaction.

The Global Satisfaction scale of the TSQM evaluates the participants rating of whether the good things about the medication outweigh the bad things (1=not at all certain to 5=extremely certain) and how satisfied or dissatisfied the participant is with the medication (1=extremely dissatisfied to 7=extremely satisfied). Scores are converted to a range of 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction.

Hematocrit fraction is the percentage (%) by volume of packed red blood cells (RBCs) in the participant's blood. It was measured using standard clinical laboratory analysis of participants' blood samples.

Chest circumference is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen. Participant's chest circumference was measured at 5 cm above the xiphoid process using non-stretchable measuring tape with half centimeter marks.

Waist circumference is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen. Circumference of participant's waist was measured at the level of the navel using non-stretchable measuring tape with half centimeter marks.

Arm circumference is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen. Particpant's arm circumference was measured halfway between the acromial process on the shoulder and the tip of the elbow (olecranon process) using non-stretchable measuring tape with half centimeter marks.

Hip circumference is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen. Participant was measured at widest width of the hip using non-stretchable measuring tape with half centimeter marks.

Mid-thigh circumference is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen. Particpant's thigh circumference was measured halfway between the inguinal crease and the midpoint of the upper border of the patella using non-stretchable measuring tape with half centimeter marks.

The dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen.

The dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen.

The dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen.

The dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen.

The dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen.

The dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen.

The dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen.

The dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen.

The dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen.

The dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen.

The dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen.

The dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is included in the measures of somatic toxicity, which is characterized by loss of fat in the face, arms, and legs, and increase in fat in the base of the back of the neck and in the abdomen.

Participant has not been treated for an active acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining opportunistic infection within 45 days of initiating study drug. Participants who are on stable maintenance therapy for an opportunistic infection may be enrolled after consultation with the Sponsor.

Participant does not require and agrees not to take any drugs that are contraindicated or have significant pharmacokinetic interactions with study drugs during the course of the study. Participant agrees not to take any medication during the study, including over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, minerals, herbal preparations, alcohol, or recreational drugs without the knowledge and permission of the principal investigator.

Female participants must be either postmenopausal for at least one year, surgically sterile, or must use a non-hormonal method of birth control that is acceptable to both the participant and investigator. All female participants must have a urine pregnancy test performed at screening visit and on Day minus 1/baseline, and results of both tests must be negative. Female participants may not be breastfeeding.

Participants have received no prior treatment with an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor.

Exclusion Criteria:

Participants must not have history of an allergic reaction or significant sensitivity to the study drugs.

Participants may not have an ongoing history of substance abuse or psychiatric illness that could preclude protocol adherence.

Participant cannot have resistance to lopinavir/ritonavir, tenofovir, or emtricitabine based on the HIV-1 drug resistance genotypic test results at the screening visit.

Participant may not have significant medical history of concomitant illness or disease that would adversely affect his/her participating in the study.

Participants may not have received any investigational drug or investigational vaccine within 30 days prior to study drug administration.

The investigator considers the participant to be an unsuitable candidate for the study.

Contacts and Locations

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study.
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below.
For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00711009