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Artificial Intelligence:

The history ofartificial intelligence:

The history of artificial intelligence

History of ai:

History of ai What is AI?
-Intelligence exhibited by an artificial entity.
-A system that perceives an environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success based on information given by a programmer.
-It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, software, games, and toys.

History of ai:

History of ai Important people in the early study of AI
Alan Turing
-Father of modern computer science
-Concept of the algorithm
-In mathematics, an algorithm is a definite list of well-defined instructions for completing a task that will proceed through a series of consecutive states, eventually terminating in an end-state
John McCarthy
-Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University
-Coined the term Artificial Intelligence in 1955
-His research area has been the formalization of common sense knowledge

History of ai:

History of ai Robotics
-Machines that usually mimic human motion to perform automated tasks
-Robots can be given perception
systems that allow observation
and reaction to their environment.

History of ai:

History of ai Games: Pac-Man
-AI gives each enemy ghost its own particular behavior and movements:
-Shadow: RED - chases after Pac-Man all the time.
-Speedy: PINK - Very fast but moves in a random manner.
-Bashful: BLUE - Shy at first but becomes aggressive when Pac-Man gets close.
-Pokey: ORANGE - Slow and moves in a random manner
-The AI gives unpredictability of movement and behavior giving the ghosts an “inner life”

History of ai:

History of ai Toys
Tomagotchi
-A handheld digital pet created in 1996
-Created by Aki Maita and sold by Bandai.
Furby
-A toy robot made by Tiger Electronics
-Original release in 1998 through 2000
-Created by Dave Hampton and Caleb Chung
-Furby includes both sensors and affectors.
-Enabling it to "sense" information from the environment and permit a response to the environment.
-These are toys that learn in increasingly more and more complex ways, exhibiting what we can call artificial intelligence.

What isartificial intelligence?:

What is artificial intelligence?

What is ai?:

What is ai? What is artificial intelligence?
-Defined as, “The study of intelligent behavior and the attempt to find ways in which such behavior could be engineered in any type of artifact.”
-Basically, “putting human intelligence into a machine”

What is ai?:

What is ai? The Problem
-Human intelligence is currently not fully understood
-There is no method of determining when a machine is actually intelligent

What is ai?:

What is ai? The Divisions
-AI’s definition leads to divisions in what AI refers to
-Two General Types:
-Weak AI -Strong AI

What is ai?:

What is ai? Weak AI
-Weak AI refers to AI that only simulates human thoughts and actions
-Actions, decisions, and ideas are programmed into it
-They mimic humans based on their programming
-All current forms of AI
are Weak AI

What is ai?:

What is ai? Strong AI
-Strong AI refers to AI that matches or exceeds human intelligence
-Example: The robots from the movies Matrix, Terminator, I Robot, etc.
-Also called “True AI,” as they are truly intelligent
-They don’t just simulate humans, they are intelligent on their own

What is ai?:

What is ai?:

What is ai? The Problem (again)
-To create strong AI, we need to know what intelligence is
-Without that understanding, we won’t know when AI reaches that level
-Currently, our only reference is human intelligence, which we don’t fully understand

What is ai?:

What is ai? The Question: Is this machine intelligent or not?
-This question currently does not have a yes or no answer.
-John McCarthy’s explanation:
“Intelligence involves mechanisms, and AI research has discovered how to make computers carry out some of them and not others. If doing a task requires only mechanisms that are well understood today, computer programs can give very impressive performances on these tasks. Such programs should be considered “somewhat intelligent”

Current AI:

Current AI:

Current AI Intelligent Games
Computer Chess
-explores huge numbers of potential future moves by both players
but has taught us little about human-like intelligence
Herzog Zwei and Dune II
-the first games to use AI, but were very unsuccessful
Battle Cruiser3000AD and Creatures
-first to use neural networks and emergent behavior
Far Cry
-exhibited very advanced AI for its time, although this made
minor glitches more apparent
Half- Life
-first combat oriented game to incorporate a significant amount
of Artificial Intelligence into its game play

The Future ofartificial intelligence:

The Future of artificial intelligence

FUTURE of AI:

FUTURE of AI Predicting the Future
-Predicting the future is always a hit and miss proposition, writes Kevin Anderson.

FUTURE of AI:

FUTURE of AI Gradual Change
-Despite the rapid advance of technology, the advent of strong AI will be a gradual process
-"The road from here to there is through thousands of these benign steps," said by Mr. Kurzweil, author of two books on AI

FUTURE of AI:

FUTURE of AI The Near Future
-Right now, Dr Brooks says that artificial intelligence is about at the same place the personal computer industry was in 1978
-In 1978, the Apple II was a year old and Atari had just introduced the 400 and 800

FUTURE of AI:

FUTURE of AI Jobs/Work
-Even now we have Robots taking over jobs.
-Right now Japan uses about 320 robots of all sorts per 10,000 employees, while Germany uses 148 industrial robots per 10,000 employees, Italy 116, Sweden 99 and between 50 and 80 each in the United States.

FUTURE of AI:

FUTURE of AI The Chinese Room
The Chinese Room argument makes the claim that, if a machine acts intelligently then it has a "mind", "understanding" and "conscious experience".

FUTURE of AI:

FUTURE of AI The Distant Future
-“A.I. and Robots are running 40 years behind computers,” said Dr Harvey
-Although they are far behind it will only be a matter of time before they become as regular as cell phones are in your everyday life

FUTURE of AI:

FUTURE of AI The Artificial World We Live In
-A article written by Doug Yurchey
-“The Universe is unreal. Life is unreal. Nature is not natural. Do we really live in The Matrix?”

Questions:

Questions Who coined the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’?
Alan Turing
John McCarthy (X)
Jeffrey Walczak
_______ is a toy that has both sensors and affectors. (Furby)
All forms of current artificial intelligence are ________ artificial intelligence. (weak)
_______ AI is another name for Strong AI. (True)
_______ was the first combat oriented game to incorporate a significant amount of Artificial Intelligence into its game play. (Half Life)
________ enable surgeons to do their work in 1/3 less time and to undertake operations that would have been too risky otherwise. (Computer enabled overlays)
Dr Harvey says that AI and robots are running ______ years behind computers. (40 )
The ________ argument makes the claim that, if a machine acts intelligently then it has a "mind", "understanding" and "conscious experience". (Chinese Room) (*extra questions are in black)