NMHC & NAA List the Hardest/Easiest Cities to Add New Apartments

June 26, 2017

WASHINGTON,
D.C., June 26, 2017 – Honolulu, Boston, Baltimore, Miami and Memphis are the
hardest cities to add necessary new apartments, according to new research from
Hoyt Advisory Services (HAS), commissioned by the National Apartment
Association (NAA) and National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC). The research
examines and ranks 50 metro
areas based on specific factors, including local regulations and the amount of available
land to develop.

The ranking, titled the Barriers to Apartment
Construction Index, scores 50 metro areas along an index that goes up to 19.5
in the most difficult market to add apartments (Honolulu) all the way down to
-5.9 in the easiest (New Orleans). While real estate is very project specific,
any score above the median of 1.8 means that it is harder to add new apartments
in a specific metro compared to other metros. Regardless of where each metro
area ranks, the United States needs to build at least 4.6 million new apartments by 2030 to meet the expected increase in demand;
otherwise the affordability problems that exist today will only get worse.

NMHC and NAA also today released Vision 2030,
a set of recommendations for all levels of government on how to lower barriers
to development and better address the current and future housing shortage of
all types of apartments and at all price points. To add to the challenge
of accommodating 4.6 million apartment households, as many as 11.7 million
existing apartments could need to be renovated, or risk being lost from the
stock.

The number of apartment renters is at an
all-time high, and the growing demand for apartments is making it challenging
for millions of families nationwide to find quality rental housing that is
affordable at their income levels.

“For many families, the shortage of affordable rental housing creates
significant hurdles that can hamper their future financial success. This is not
just a problem for today. By 2030, the affordable housing crisis will become
even more severe unless public and private sector leaders take bold, innovative
action,” said Dr. Norm Miller, Principal at Hoyt Advisory Services
and Professor of Real Estate at the University of San Diego.

According to
the new study, meeting the demand for apartments means building more than 325,000 new
apartment homes each year on average; however, from 2012 through 2016, the
apartment industry averaged only 244,000 new apartment homes (in buildings with
5 units or more) per year. The last time the industry built more than 325,000
in a single year was 1989. This new apartment construction
would boost the economy in the coming years, both nationally and in local metro
areas.

“While the number of new apartments built each year has been rising,
it hasn’t been enough to meet current demand and make up for any possible shortfall at certain price points in
the years following the recession. This imbalance between high demand and limited
supply options has driven down affordability and reduced housing options for
renters.Rents tend to be particularly high in areas
with the greatest barriers to new development, such as California, where
there’s a significant shortage in available land for building new apartment
homes. This makes it more expensive to build,” said NAA Chair
Cindy Clare, CPM.

“For many reasons, building apartments has
become costlier and more time-consuming than it needs to be. Over the past
three decades, not only have hard costs like land and materials risen sharply, regulatory
barriers to apartment construction have also increased significantly, most
notably at the local level,” explained NMHC Chair Bob DeWitt. “These obstacles to development, such as
outdated zoning laws, unnecessary land use restrictions, arbitrary permitting
requirements, inflated parking requirements, environmental site assessments and
more, discourage housing construction and raise the cost of those apartment
communities that do get built.”

According to the research, the easiest cities
to build new apartments included New Orleans, Little Rock, Kansas City,
Indianapolis and St. Louis.

To reach the goal of building 4.6 million apartments by 2030,
government officials and private developers must come together to take action. NAA
and NMHC are advocating for solutions at all levels of government that will help
supply meet demand and reduce the cost of developing apartments.

The federal government can ensure sufficient funding of housing
programs, enact a pro-housing tax policy, and reform regulations that
unnecessarily increase housing costs.

State and local governments have a toolbox of approaches they can take
to address the apartment shortage and help reduce the cost of housing. They can:

Adopt local public
policies and programs that harness the power of the private sector to make
housing affordability more feasible.

Increase
public-private partnerships.

Leverage the state-level
authority to overcome obstacles to apartment construction.

Collaborate with
business and community leaders to promote apartments.

Based on research conducted
by Hoyt Advisory Services and commissioned by NMHC and NAA, the data includes an
estimate of the future demand for apartments in the United States, the 50
states and 50 metro areas, including the District of Columbia. For the purposes
of this study, apartments are defined as rental apartments in buildings with
five or more units. The data are available on the website www.WeAreApartments.org.

In conjunction with the
study’s release, the website www.WeAreApartments.org breaks down the data by each state and 50 key metro
areas. Visitors can also use the Apartment
Community Estimator – or ACE – a tool that allows users to see the trends
in their state or metro area to determine the potential economic impact locally.