Robert Grant Aitken, (born Dec. 31, 1864, Jackson, Calif., U.S.—died Oct. 29, 1951, Berkeley, Calif.), American astronomer who specialized in the study of double stars, of which he discovered more than 3,000.

From 1891 to 1895 Aitken was professor of mathematics and astronomy at the University of the Pacific, Stockton, Calif. In 1895 he joined the staff of Lick Observatory, Mt. Hamilton, Calif., as assistant astronomer, becoming associate director in 1923 and director in 1930; he retired in 1935. He published The Binary Stars (1918) and New General Catalogue of Double Stars Within 120° of the North Pole (1932).

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