Newcastle (Northumberland)

was once called Moncaster, from the monks who settled there in Anglo-Saxon times; it was called Newcastle from the castle built there byRobert, son of the Conqueror, in 1080, to defend the neighbourhood from the Scots.

Newcastle (Staffordshire) is so called from the new castle built to supply the place of an older one which stood at Chesterton-under-Line, about two miles distant.

Carry coals to Newcastle. A work of supererogation, Newcastle being the great seat of coals. The Latins have “Aquam mari infundĕre” (“To pour water into the sea”); “Siʹdera cœlo addĕre” (“To add stars to the sky”); “Noctŭas Athénas” (“To carry owls to Athens,” which abounds in them).