REFERENCE CITATIONS IN-TEXT

The following is adapted from the 5th Edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001):

As you are writing your paper, remember that you must provide a reference to your source within the context or text of your paper, (called an "in text reference"). This reference must be provided for everything that you quote, paraphrase, or summarize and must lead back to an entry on your works cited page. APA guidelines require you to provide the name(s) of the author(s), as well as the date and page numbers of the source where your quoted, paraphrased, or summarized material is located. If you include the author(s)' name within the sentence with the quoted, paraphrased, or summarized material, then you need to put the date in parentheses behind the author(s)'name(s) and the page number in parentheses at the end of the sentence.

Author not mentioned in text: "To have a coherent and successful interaction, communicators must cooperate and coordinate their responses. Thus, any one interactant has the potential to exert considerable influence over the other" (Street, 2002, p. 202).

Author mentioned in text: According to Street, (2002) "To have a coherent and successful interaction, communicators must cooperate and coordinate their responses. Thus, any one interactant has the potential to exert considerable influence over the other" (p. 202).

Two or more Authors not mentioned in text: "Blind Date frames the reality of each date both to invoke accepted notions of aesthetics, economics, social, and intellectual abilities and to punish participants deviations from these norms" (DeRose, Fursich, and Haskins, 2003, p. 177).

Two or more Authors mentioned in text: DeRose, Fursich, and Haskins (2003) claim that "Blind Date frames the reality of each date both to invoke accepted notions of aesthetics, economics, social, and intellectual abilities and to punish participants deviations from these norms" (p. 177).

When a work has between three and six authors, cite all of the authors the first time. After the first in text citation, only cite the last name of the first author followed by et al: DeRose et al. (2003) claim that "Blind Date frames the reality of each date both to invoke accepted notions of aesthetics, economics, social, and intellectual abilities and to punish participants deviations from these norms" (p. 177).

No Author: When citing a work without an author, write the first few words of the title of the work followed by the date of publication. If the work is an article from a journal, magazine, website, or chapter in a book, place quotation marks around the title. If the work is an entire periodical, book, website, or brochure, italicize the title.

Unknown author not mentioned in text: "HTML is the lingua franca of the Net. It's a simple, universal mark-up language that allows Web publishers to create complex pages of text and images that can be viewed by anyone else on the Web, regardless of what kind of computer or browser is being used" ("Intro to HTML," 2003) Unknown author mentioned in text: According to the site "Intro to HTML," (2003) "HTML is the lingua franca of the Net. It's a simple, universal mark-up language that allows Web publishers to create complex pages of text and images that can be viewed by anyone else on the Web, regardless of what kind of computer or browser is being used"