Najmabadi, A. (2005). Woman with Mustaches and Men Without Beards gender and Sexual Anxieties. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, p.215.

Editor’s Note: Russia and Britain declared zones of influence in the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907. Later, during the American Mission of Morgan Shuster who was invited to Iran by the Iranian Parliament to set up a modern financial system in the country, Russia and Britain blocked these measures recruiting the local Bakhtiari tribe to stage a parliamentary coup in 1911 via the Russian Ultimatum. From that point on, the Russians sent 4,000 colonists to settle in northern Iran inducing by the time of WWI, the Ottoman invasion.