''Oliver!'' is a musical adaptation of ''Literature/OliverTwist'', with book, music, and lyrics all by Lionel Bart. It premiered on London's West End in 1960, and had its first Broadway production in 1963.

TheMovie was released in 1968. It was directed by Creator/CarolReed (''Film/TheThirdMan''). It starred Creator/OliverReed (Carol's nephew) as Bill Sikes, Mark Lester as Oliver (with his songs sung by a girl, Kathe Green), and Ron Moody as Fagin. It was the last musical to win the UsefulNotes/AcademyAward for Best Picture until ''Film/{{Chicago}}'' 34 years later, and it remains the ''only'' G-rated movie to win.

----!!''Oliver!'' provides examples of:

* AllGirlsWantBadBoys: Nancy sings about her love of Bill Sikes, the best thief, who's a cold, bullying monster. [[spoiler: It turns out bad for her in the end - he winds up killing her.]]* AffablyEvil: Fagin and Dodger, who, while genuinely pleasant to the kids under their care, actively look for children to recruit using many of the same criteria as modern cults. [[spoiler: Fagin, however, after seeing how Nancy and Bill turned out, has something of a change of heart and, after some soul-searching and the destruction of his operation, resolves to turn over a new leaf.]]* ArtfulDodger: Well of course. In fact even more so than in the book.* BerserkButton: [[BewareTheNiceOnes Do not insult Oliver's dead mother.]]* BrokenBird: Nancy. Her plight is summed up in her song, "As Long as He Needs Me" which explains why she stays with Sikes despite his domestic abuse. * TheBrute: Bill Sikes.* CharacterDevelopment: Fagin provides a very interesting case study in the movie adaptation. When Oliver first meets him, he's a loud and frightening stranger who emerges from a cloud of smoke like the very Devil from Hell, bellowing at some random youngster who complains about the food to "Shut up and drink your gin!" Then, as Oliver gets introduced to everyone and he shows him around, Fagin starts looking a lot more like a [[LaughablyEvil comical villain]], particularly during the song "You've Got to Pick a Pocket Or Two" where he hams up his whole GreedyJew motif to pull some laughs. Later, as things get more serious, he reveals in his song "Reviewing the Situation" that he's tired of his whole criminal enterprise and wants out, but truly has nowhere to go, making him quite a sympathetic character indeed. By the end, he's pretty much run the entire range of Jewish villain characterizations from Shakespeare's time to ours.* ChildhoodFriendRomance: Both Nancy and Sikes grew up in Fagin's gang of child pickpockets, and some stage productions deliberately imply this trope when casting a younger actor as Sikes.* CompressedAdaptation: A lot of plot convolutions and their related characters, particularly regarding Oliver's tangled family history, get left out.* CreepyMortician: Both the stage and film versions, has a whole family like this. They even get a song, "That's Your Funeral."* DemotedToExtra: Charley Bates. His role is greatly reduced from the novel. Likely done to put more emphasis on the Artful Dodger. * DomesticAbuser: Bill Sikes to Nancy. * DoubleEntendre: The entirety of "Oom-Pah-Pah" is a glorious pileup of double entendres, with [[GettingCrapPastTheRadar just enough subtlety]] to avoid being cut from even the most kid-friendly productions. Though it's up to the viewer to decide whether "oom-pah-pah" is meant to be alcohol, sex, or both.-->'''Nancy:''' ''[[LampshadeHanging They all suppose what they want to suppose]], when they hear "oom-pah-pah"!''* ExcitedShowTitle: ''Oliver!''* EvenEvilHasStandards: Fagin seems to dislike Bill Sikes's penchant for violence and his treatment of Nancy. The thieves and pickpockets under his care also react with horror when Sikes beats Nancy in front of them. Also, [[spoiler:when Sikes tells the gang that he murdered Nancy, Fagin is visibly horrified and refuses to help him escape]].* TheFagin: Obviously.* FingerlessGloves: Fagin wears them.* GenderFlip: In some adaptations of the stage musical, the Artful Dodger is played by a girl.* GrayRainOfDepression: The rain pours as Oliver wearily tredges a muddy road to London after escaping from Mr. Sowerberry.* HeelFaceTurn: ** Nancy is forced by Sikes to lead Oliver into a trap so he can be brought back to Fagin. Later she risks her own life to save Oliver from Sikes. ** Sikes's dog Bullseye. [[spoiler:After Sikes murders Nancy, Bullseye runs back to the crowd and leads them to Sikes and Oliver]].** Subverted with [[spoiler:Fagin]] in the movie. He plans to do this, but [[spoiler:instead chooses to leave with Dodger and continue a life of pickpocketing]]. It's rather heartwarming, in a strange way. In the theatre version, however, he plays it straight, deciding that with the breaking up and arrest of his gang, along with the loss of his precious treasures, there has never been a better time to change his ways. * JerkAss:** Noah Claypole [[KickTheDog cheerfully insults Oliver's dead mother.]]** Bill Sikes takes this to an extreme.* KnightOfCerebus: Bill Sykes. The show gets ''much'' darker once he shows up.* LargeHam: Fagin.* LighterAndSofter* LoveableRogue:** Fagin, de-emphasizing his GreedyJew characterization in the original. Particularly notable is Ron Moody's cheerfully hammy performance in the 1968 film version. (He even stands up for Oliver on two occasions.)** Jack Dawkins, aka the Artful Dodger, is also a "kinder gentler" version; he steals to survive but bears no malice. In fact, the [[TokenEvilTeammate only truly evil gang member]] is Sikes.* TheMusical* OfCorsetsSexy* OrphanageOfFear: The workhouse.* ProtagonistTitle* ARoundOfDrinksForTheHouse: discussed (optimistically) in "Consider Yourself". --> Always a chance we'll meet somebody to foot the bill \\ Then the drinks are on the house!* SayMyName ''Oliver!''** But especially in "[[VillainSong My Name]]"--->'''Sikes:''' ''What is it?''* SparedByTheAdaptation:** [[spoiler:Fagin]] avoids capture and execution in the end.** [[spoiler:The Artful Dodger]] avoids arrest and being sent to Australia. ** Some productions leave [[spoiler:Nancy]]'s death ambiguous, implying there's a chance she survived. The film version leaves no doubt that Sikes killed her.** [[spoiler:Bullseye]] does not fall to his death leaping up at [[spoiler:Sikes' body]] as in the novel.* UnholyMatrimony: Subverted with the Bumbles. In their early scenes, they flirt a lot and get a whole silly love song to themselves, but by the end of the play when they reappear, having finally tied the knot, it's clear that, being awful people, they have only managed to make one another miserable.* VillainSong: "[[VillainousAdviceSong You've Got to Pick a Pocket or Two]]" for Fagin, "My Name" for Sikes. Other characters who have villainous traits such as the Bumbles and the Sowerberries have their own in "Oliver" and "That's Your Funeral" respectively.* WelcomingSong: The boys sing "Consider Yourself" to welcome Oliver into their gang* WideEyedIdealist: The title character.* YourMom: Noah insults Oliver's mom and outright calls him a bastard.----