Roger Federer won his fourth consecutive Wimbledon title, defeating Rafael Nadal in what was to be the first of three consecutive Wimbledon finals played between the pair. Venus Williams was unsuccessful in her title defence, losing in the third round against Jelena Janković. Amélie Mauresmo won her second Grand Slam title, and first and only Wimbledon title, defeating Justine Henin-Hardenne in the final in three sets. Mauresmo thus became the first Frenchwoman since 1925 to win the Wimbledon title.[3] It was Henin-Hardenne's second of three Grand Slam final defeats of 2006, having lost the 2006 Australian Open final to Mauresmo earlier in the year; on that occasion, Henin-Hardenne retired due to a stomach virus.

Jelena Janković knocked Venus Williams out of Wimbledon in the third round.

For the first time since 1911, no American player reached the quarter-finals at Wimbledon, and for the first time since the 1976 Australian Open, no American player reached a Grand Slam quarter-final.[4]Shenay Perry was the only American player to reach the fourth round; she was defeated 6–2, 6–0 by Elena Dementieva after losing the last ten games of the match.[5] Her defeat also meant that no American woman reached the Wimbledon final for the first time since 1998.

China's Li Na became the first player from her country to ever be seeded or reach the quarter-finals of a Grand Slam tournament. She upset the recent French Open finalist Svetlana Kuznetsova in the third round[9] and followed it up with a win over World No. 10 Nicole Vaidišová in the fourth round,[10] before losing her quarter-final to second seed Kim Clijsters.[11] Li would not reach another Grand Slam quarter-final until the 2009 US Open, where again she was defeated by Clijsters.[12]

Midway during the ladies' quarter-final match between Maria Sharapova and Elena Dementieva, a streaker ran onto the Centre Court and interrupted the match, before ultimately being arrested and brought into custody by Wimbledon security guards.[13] The streaker was later revealed to be Dutch DJ Sander Lantinga, who carried out the stunt as part of the Dutch television show Try Before You Die.[14]