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Horticultural Chain Management for Eastern and Southern Africa is a two-volume work designed to help trainers develop suitable materials to assist small farmers and producers to supply high quality horticultural produce for sale.

This Practical Manual complements the theoretical manual and provides the trainer with simple practical tasks that reinforce and enhance comprehension of theoretical training. The whole package is structured to provide the trainer with technical background and reference materials that allow customised training in accordance with the needs of the target group to be trained.

Monitoring sources of contamination during post-harvest operations

Water is used for irrigation as well as for washing fresh produce after harvesting. Water is also a carrier of food-borne pathogens, especially when it is contaminated with sewage and manure. Although the outer surface of fresh produce may appear to be intact to the naked eye, all plants and fruits have respiratory openings such as lenticels and stomata through which water can enter.