Hamilton’s rule

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animal social behaviour

Hamilton devised a formula—now called
Hamilton’s rule—that specifies the conditions under which reproductive altruism evolves:
r × B > C where
B is the benefit (in number of offspring equivalents) gained by the recipient of the altruism,
C is the cost (in number of offspring equivalents) suffered by the donor while...

...(direct fitness) and any impact that an individual has on the survival and reproduction of relatives (indirect fitness). The elements of kin selection lead directly to the concept now known as
Hamilton’s rule, which states that aid-giving behaviour can evolve when the indirect fitness benefits of helping relatives compensate the aid giver for any losses in personal reproduction incurred by...

kin selection

The elements of kin selection (that is, direct fitness and indirect fitness) lead directly to the concept now known as
Hamilton’s rule, which states that aid-giving behaviour can evolve when the indirect fitness benefits of helping relatives compensate the aid giver for any losses in personal reproduction it incurs by helping.

work of Hamilton

...be advantageous for an animal to give an alarm call, and thus place itself in danger, to warn a group of relatives, since its relatives also carry copies of its genes. What later became known as
Hamilton’s rule predicted the conditions by which one individual would likely behave altruistically toward another. The rule states that altruism can evolve in a population if the fitness cost to the...