Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Development of Cow's Milk Allergy in Infants

Affiliations

1 Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY. Electronic address: antti_seppo@URMC.Rochester.edu.

2 University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.

3 Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY.

Authors

Affiliations

1 Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY. Electronic address: antti_seppo@URMC.Rochester.edu.

2 University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.

3 Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY.

Abstract

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) provide a main substrate to help shape the infant's gut microbiota and affect the maturation of the intestinal mucosal immune system. In our cohort, infants that received human milk with low Lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) III concentrations (< 60μM) were more likely to become affected with cow's milk allergy when compared to high LNFP III-containing milk (odds ratio 6.7, 95% CI 2.0-22).

Figures

Figure 1

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Human milk oligosaccharide levels in…

Figure 1

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Human milk oligosaccharide levels in mothers who have an infant with cow's milk…

Figure 1

Human milk oligosaccharide levels in mothers who have an infant with cow's milk allergy (CMA) and in those with a child without CMA. Non-parametric p-values (Wilcoxon) for the difference in distribution between CMA and non-CMA samples are indicated in each panel. For HMO abbreviations, see Supplementary Table E2.

Figure 2

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A correlation heatmap and cluster…

Figure 2

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A correlation heatmap and cluster dendrogram for expression of HMOs. AU (approximately unbiased)…

Figure 2

A correlation heatmap and cluster dendrogram for expression of HMOs. AU (approximately unbiased) p-value for each cluster is shown in the dendrogram. Significant clusters (AU > 95) are labeled (a, b and c). Heatmap of the distance matrix is shown with Spearman correlation values on the lower triangle and the corresponding p-value in the upper triangle. ****≤ 0.001, ***≤0.01, **≤0.05, *≤0.1.