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May 22, 2019

Technology | U.S. Weighs Blacklisting Up to Five Chinese Surveillance Firms

By
Jenny Leonard
and
Nick Wadhams

5-7 minutes

The U.S. is considering cutting off the flow of vital American technology to as many as five Chinese companies including Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., widening the dragnet beyond Huawei to include world leaders in video surveillance.
The U.S. is deliberating whether to add Hikvision, Zhejiang Dahua Technology Co.
and several unidentified others to a blacklist that bars them from U.S.
components or software, people familiar with the matter said. The Trump
administration is concerned about their role in helping Beijing repress
minority Uighurs
in China’s west, they said, asking not to be identified talking about
private deliberations. There’s concern also that Hikvision’s or Dahua’s
cameras, which come with facial recognition capabilities, could be
employed in espionage, the people said.
Such a move would escalate tensions with China and raises questions
about whether the U.S. is going after more of the country’s corporate
champions. Trump’s administration last week barred Huawei Technologies
Co. from American technology, a move that pummeled shares in U.S.
chipmakers from Qualcomm Inc. to Intel Corp., and threatens to dampen global economic growth and disrupt the rollout of critical next-generation wireless networks.
Chinese offshore yuan erased earlier gains after Bloomberg’s report. Shares of Hikvision and Dahua plunged
in Shenzhen after the New York Times first reported on the potential
ban. Both companies have been accused by human rights groups of
facilitating Beijing’s persecution of the Uighurs,
a Muslim ethnic group, in the western region of Xinjiang. The Trump
administration however has held off on taking action because of
sensitive trade negotiations with China, the people said. Those talks
have since stalled.

It’s
unclear which other companies may join Huawei on the so-called Entities
List, which prohibits the sale of American technology without a special
license. Chinese firms such as Hikvision and Dahua are the world’s
largest purveyors of surveillance hardware, along with smaller rival Yitu Technology. Others such as SenseTime Group Ltd. and Face++ parent Megvii specialize in image processing software and are less reliant on American components.
“We hope the company receives a fair and just treatment,”
Hikvision’s secretary of the board, Huang Fanghong, said in a statement.
Dahua representatives had no immediate comment. SenseTime declined to
comment, while Megvii and Yitu didn’t respond to requests for comment.
The
latest threat will elevate fears in Beijing that President Donald
Trump’s ultimate goal is to contain China, triggering a cold war between
the world’s biggest economies. In addition to a trade fight that’s
rattled global markets, Washington has pressured allies and foes alike
to avoid using Huawei for fifth-generation networks that will power
everything from self-driving cars to robot surgery, forming the backbone
of a modern economy.
At the heart of Trump’s concerted campaign
is suspicion that Chinese firms aid Beijing in global espionage while
spearheading its ambitions of becoming a technology superpower. The
Justice Department accuses Huawei also of willfully violating sanctions
on Iran, and last year engineered the arrest of the eldest daughter of Huawei’s billionaire founder. Huawei has denied those allegations.
Senator Marco Rubio of Florida and other senators sent a
letter in April to Secretary of State Michael Pompeo and Commerce
Secretary Wilbur Ross urging them to impose sanctions against officials
and companies “complicit in gross violations of human rights” in
Xinjiang. A United Nations assessment said tens of thousands to “upwards
of 1 million” Uighurs have been detained.

Hikvision,
Dahua and other companies have benefited handsomely from Chinese
President Xi Jinping’s unprecedented push to keep tabs on the country’s
1.4 billion people. About 176 million video surveillance cameras
monitored China’s streets, buildings and public spaces in 2016, versus
50 million in America, according to IHS Markit.
Hikvision -- the
industry leader -- now sells its cameras around the world. Its devices
use artificial intelligence, enabling them to conduct facial recognition
on a vast scale. That’s helped it build a dominant position in a market
that BIS Research says was worth $32 billion
in 2017 and will grow 16% a year through 2023. Along with Dahua, it’s a
constituent of the MSCI Asia Pacific Index and is among Shenzhen stocks
most owned by overseas investors.
(A previous version of this story was corrected to spell out Dahua’s full name).— With assistance by Steven T. Dennis, Shawn Donnan, Alyza Sebenius, Robert Fenner, Yuan Gao, and Lulu Yilun Chen
(Updates with Chinese companies’ comments in the fifth paragraph.)

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