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Introduction to Management

We do not hare unified views of authorities on
what are the managerial functions and what is management precisely. The
difference of opinion and approach are reflected in the following often quoted
definitions of management.

1.“To
manage is to forecast, to plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate and to
control”. _____Henry Fayol.

2.“Management
is a multi-purpose organ that manages a business and manages managers, and
manages workers and work”.____P. Drucker.

3.“Management
is the development of people and not the direction of things”. ________ Appley L.

4.“Management
is principally a task of planning, coordinating, motivating and controlling the
efforts of others toward a specific objective”.____ J. Lundey.

5.“Management is decision making”.

6.“Management is defined as the certain and maintenance
of internal environment in an enterprise where individuals, working together in
groups, can perform efficiently and effectively toward the attainment of group
goals”. _______ Koontz and O’ Don ell.

Generalized Definition of Management

“Management is an ongoing process of
allocating inputs of an organization (human and economic resources) by typical
managerial functions. (Planning, organizing, directing and controlling) for the
purpose of achieving stated objectives, viz, output of goods and services
desired by its customers (environment).

In the process work is performed with
and through personnel of theorganization
in an ever changing business environment”.

A working definition of management is
as follows:

“Management is a continuous process
through which the members of an organization seek to coordinate their
activities and utilize their resources in order to fulfill the various tasks of
the organization as efficiently as possible”.

If we see the
above stated definition we will find the following key words:-

vCoordination________ integration and
unifying of all activities being run in an institution.

vMembers’ ________ organizational
membership of the school includes the teaching staff and the pupils.

vTask _________ activities such as
transmission of knowledge, the inculcation of values, the encouragement of
self- expression and so forth.

vEfficiency __________ main aim of
improving of the management of industrial concern is to improve efficiency and
hence output.

Management

The term management
refers to all human activities which are related to making arrangement for
achieving a certain objective on co-operation with a number of individuals who
work in group in a coordinated manner.

As regards the management
objectives, it may be noted that it differs from organization to organization.
Objectives are achieved by managing the use of resources (i.e. money, men,
material etc).effectively and diligent ally.

Again management is also
taken to mean a process through which a given objective is achieved by making
others to work. Management is the collective name of all the activities viz
planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling.

According to Koontz and O’ Don ell:

“Managing is the art of
doing and management is the body organized knowledge which underlines the art”.

Planning simply means” The preparing
program for coordinate actions towards the achievement of a certain goal”.
Organizing refers to forming of the working group. Staffing refers to
allocation of assignment, directing refers to guidance and giving instructions
relating to the situations which develop when work is in progress and
controlling signifies getting others to maintain the prescribed norm or
standard of efficiency.

All these human
activities constitute its subject matter.

Difference between Admin and
Management

Administration

Management

1.Administration has a limited scope and is a part of management.

Management has a wider
scope and covers the activities related to managing the resources since the
inception of the enterprise and continues till it ceases to exist.

2.Administration refers to the act of applying the principles of
management.

Management is the
collective name of all the activities which made to provide a base for administration.

3.Administration is said to include the controlling aspect of the working
process of an industry or a firm or a govt, Dept.