$emre/baransel@oracle as sysdba

Mandatory Auditing causes database start-up/shut-down and SYSDBA-SYSOPER login logout information to be written into AUDIT_FILE_DEST. This auditing cannot be turned off and it's always written into operating system directory specified with AUDIT_FILE_DEST.

* Following views give information about current Standard Auditing configuration in the database:

DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS;==> describes current statements being audited across the system

DBA_PRIV_AUDIT_OPTS;==> describes current system privileges being audited across the system

DBA_OBJ_AUDIT_OPTS; ==> describes auditing options for all objects

* You can use the SQL "AUDIT" statement to set auditing options regardless of the setting of AUDIT_TRAIL parameter. However, Oracle Database does not generate audit records until you enable Standard Auditing using AUDIT_TRAIL parameter.

* Auditing to OS offers higher performance when compared with DB.

Fine-Grained Auditing is used to audit operations like:

Accessing a table outside of normal working hours

Logging in from a particular IP address

Selecting or updating a particular table column

* DBMS_FGA package is used to manage Fine-Grained Auditing. DBA_AUDIT_POLICIES view describes all fine-grained auditing policies in the database.

* It's not mandatory to enable Standard Auditing in order to use Fine-Grained Auditing or SYS Auditing.

SYS Auditing: AUDIT_SYS_OPERATIONS parameter (TRUE/FALSE) enables or disables the auditing of SQL statements that directly issued by users connected with SYSDBA or SYSOPER privileges (SQL statements run from within PL/SQL procedures or functions are not audited). These audit records are written into OS.

* It's not mandatory to enable Standard Auditing in order to use SYS Auditing.

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