2014 Chennai train bombing is the explosion of two low-intensity bombs on the early hours of 1 May 2014 in a Guwahati bound train from Bangalore arriving at the Chennai Central railway station, killing 1 woman passenger and injuring at least 14 others.[1]

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The Guwahati-bound train from Bangalore, Guwahati-Bangalore Express, was scheduled to arrive at Chennai around 05:30 AM IST, but it had arrived late around 07:05 AM IST. While the train was stationed at Platform 9 of the railway station, two bombs exploded at the junction of S4 and S5 coaches at 07:15 AM IST.[2][3] Upon hearing the explosion, panicked passengers rushed out of the train.[1] One of the bombs had exploded under the seat of a 24-year-old woman,[4] identified as Swathi Parachuri, employed with Tata Consultancy Services in Bangalore. Parachuri, the only person killed in the attack, was travelling to her home town Guntur in Andhra Pradesh. Of the fourteen injured passengers, five were admitted in serious condition at Rajiv Gandhi General Hospital.[5][6]

The damaged bogies were detached and the train was searched by a bomb-disposal squad and was then allowed to carry on with its onward journey. Following the incident police have mounted a massive search operation in all the trains. The cause of explosion and device used for it were being probed. A suspect who had been detained by Tamil Nadu Police was found to be innocent.[3] Union Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde who was busy in election campaigning in Himachal Pradesh for Congress has stated that his officials were directed to provide all assistance to Tamil Nadu government.[1]

An investigation by a Special Investigation Team (SIT) has been ordered. A National Investigation Agency team was sent to Chennai to assist in the case.[1] Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayalalithaa ordered a CB-CID probe into the blasts.[7]

Initial investigation revealed that the bombs might have been planted in the train five to six hours before it blasted.[8] Also, the devices used in the bomb were found to be similar to the one used in Patna rally bombing that occurred six months before.[9]

Immediately after the blasts, security was tightened across the major crowded areas of the state.[5] Alerts have been sounded in the neighbouring state of Andhra Pradesh, with police checking all major railway stations across the state.[10] Also, a high security red alert has been declared in the capital Delhi[11]

The deceased identified as 24-year-old Swathi Parachuri travelling from Bangalore to Vijayawada, had been sitting in the seat where the explosion occurred.[1][12]Union railway minister, Mallikarjun Kharge announced an ex-gratia of ₹ 1 lakh (100,000 Rupees, approx. 1667 USD) to the family of the dead woman, ₹ 25,000 for grievously injured and ₹ 5,000 for those with minor injuries. Tamil Nadu Chief MinisterJayalalithaa also announced a solatium of ₹ 100,000 to the family of the dead, ₹ 50,000 to those who suffered serious injuries and ₹ 25,000 to other injured people.[13]

On the day following the bombing, an anonymous call about a bomb Express Avenue mall in Chennai was made, which resulted in closing of the mall for public for a few hours on 2 May and after searching the mall for suspicious objects, police declared it as a hoax.[14] Similar bomb threat calls were made to an education institution and a suburban railway station in Chennai on the day after the bombing, which prompted the police to issue warning against such activities. Law enforcement was kept on alert for a while following the explosion and subsequent threats.

1.
Chennai Central railway station
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Chennai Central, erstwhile Madras Central, is the main railway terminus in the city of Chennai, formerly known as Madras. It lies adjacent to the current headquarters of the Southern Railway, as well as the Ripon Building, the other major railway hub stations in the city are Chennai Egmore and Tambaram, Chennai Beach. The 142-year-old building of the station, one of the most prominent landmarks of Chennai, was designed by architect George Harding. Along with Chennai Beach, the station is also a hub for the Chennai Suburban Railway system. Chennai Central serves as a landmark for people in South India as this station served as the main gateway for all people who travelled to South India during the British times. About 350,000 passengers use the terminus every day, Chennai Egmore, Coimbatore Junction Madurai Junction, Salem Junction and Chennai Central are the most profitable stations of Southern Railways. As per a report published in 2007 by the Indian Railways, Chennai Central and Secunderabad were awarded 183 points out of a maximum of 300 for cleanliness, total 269 passenger trains Start/End/PassThrough Chennai Central. Total 644 Stations are directly connected to Chennai Central via these 269 passenger trains, marking the initial days of the railways in the Indian Subcontinent, the Madras Railway Company began to network South India in 1856. The first station was built at Royapuram, which remained the station at that time. Expansion of the Madras Railways network, particularly the completion of the Madras–Vyasarpadi line, called for a station in Madras. Madras Central was built in 1873 at Parktown as a terminus to decongest the Royapuram harbour station. The garden had a used by Pereira for rest and recreation. In 1907, Madras Central was made the Madras Railway Companys main station, the station gained prominence after the beach line was extended further south in the same year, and Royapuram was no longer a terminus for Madras. All trains were terminated at Madras Central instead. The Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Company was formed in 1908, the stations position was further strengthened after the construction of the headquarters of the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway adjacent to it in 1922. Madras Central was part of South Indian Railway Company during the British rule, the company was established in 1890 and was initially headquartered in Trichinopoly. Egmore Railway Station was made its northern terminus in 1908 and it was then shifted to Madurai and later to Madras Central. With the opening of the Egmore Railway Station, plans were first made of linking Madras Central and Egmore, the company operated a suburban electric train service for Madras city from May 1931 onwards in the Madras Beach-Tambaram section

2.
Bomb
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A bomb is an explosive weapon that uses the exothermic reaction of an explosive material to provide an extremely sudden and violent release of energy. Bombs have been in use since the 11th century in Song Dynasty China, the term bomb is not usually applied to explosive devices used for civilian purposes such as construction or mining, although the people using the devices may sometimes refer to them as a bomb. The military use of the bomb, or more specifically aerial bomb action, typically refers to airdropped, unpowered explosive weapons most commonly used by air forces. Other military explosive weapons not classified as bombs include grenades, shells, depth charges, warheads when in missiles, in unconventional warfare, other names can refer to a range of offensive weaponry. For instance, in recent Middle Eastern conflicts, bombs called improvised explosive devices have been employed by insurgent fighters to great effectiveness, the word comes from the Latin bombus, which in turn comes from the Greek βόμβος, an onomatopoetic term meaning booming, buzzing. Explosive bombs were used in China in 1221, by a Jin dynasty army against a Song Dynasty city, Bombs built using bamboo tubes appear in the 11th century. Bombs made of cast iron shells packed with explosive gunpowder date to 13th century China, the term was coined for this bomb during a Jin dynasty naval battle of 1231 against the Mongols. When hit, even iron armour was pierced through. The Ming Dynasty text Huolongjing describes the use of gunpowder bombs. During the Mongol invasions of Japan, the Mongols used the explosive thunder-crash bombs against the Japanese, archaeological evidence of the thunder-crash bombs has been discovered in an underwater shipwreck off the shore of Japan by the Kyushu Okinawa Society for Underwater Archaeology. X-rays by Japanese scientists of the excavated shells confirmed that they contained gunpowder, explosive shock waves can cause situations such as body displacement, dismemberment, internal bleeding and ruptured eardrums. Shock waves produced by explosive events have two components, the positive and negative wave. The positive wave shoves outward from the point of detonation, followed by the vacuum space sucking back towards the point of origin as the shock bubble collapses. The greatest defense against shock injuries is distance from the source of shock, as a point of reference, the overpressure at the Oklahoma City bombing was estimated in the range of 28 MPa. A thermal wave is created by the release of heat caused by an explosion. Military bomb tests have documented temperatures of up to 2,480 °C, while capable of inflicting severe to catastrophic burns and causing secondary fires, thermal wave effects are considered very limited in range compared to shock and fragmentation. This would be fatal to humans, as tests have proven. Fragmentation is produced by the acceleration of shattered pieces of bomb casing, the use of fragmentation in bombs dates to the 14th century, and appears in the Ming Dynasty text Huolongjing

3.
2008 Mumbai attacks
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The attacks, which drew widespread global condemnation, began on Wednesday,26 November and lasted until Saturday,29 November 2008, killing 164 people and wounding at least 308. There was also an explosion at Mazagaon, in Mumbais port area, by the early morning of 28 November, all sites except for the Taj Hotel had been secured by Mumbai Police and security forces. Ajmal Kasab disclosed that the attackers were members of Lashkar-e-Taiba, among others, the Government of India said that the attackers came from Pakistan, and their controllers were in Pakistan. On 7 January 2009, Pakistan confirmed the sole surviving perpetrator of the attacks was a Pakistani citizen, on 9 April 2015, the foremost ringleader of the attacks, Zakiur Rehman Lakhvi, was granted bail against surety bonds of ₨200,000 in Pakistan. There have been many attacks in Mumbai since the 13 coordinated bomb explosions that killed 257 people. The 1993 attacks are believed to have been in retaliation for the Babri Mosque demolition, on 6 December 2002, a blast in a BEST bus near Ghatkopar station killed two people and injured 28. The bombing occurred on the 10th anniversary of the demolition of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya. On 13 March 2003, a day after the 10th anniversary of the 1993 Bombay bombings, on 28 July 2003, a blast in a BEST bus in Ghatkopar killed 4 people and injured 32. On 25 August 2003, two exploded in South Mumbai, one near the Gateway of India and the other at Zaveri Bazaar in Kalbadevi. At least 44 people were killed and 150 injured, on 11 July 2006, seven bombs exploded within 11 minutes on the Suburban Railway in Mumbai, killing 209 people, including 22 foreigners and more than 700 injured. According to the Mumbai Police, the bombings were carried out by Lashkar-e-Taiba, a group of men, sometimes stated as 24, at other times 26, received training in marine warfare at a remote camp in mountainous Muzaffarabad. Part of the training was reported to have taken place on the Mangla Dam reservoir, basic Combat, Lashkars basic combat training and methodology course, the Daura Aam. Advanced Training, Selected to undergo advanced training at a camp near Mansehra. Commando Training, Finally, a smaller group selected for specialised commando tactics training. From the students,10 were handpicked for the Mumbai mission and they also received training in swimming and sailing, besides the use of high-end weapons and explosives under the supervision of LeT commanders. They were given blueprints of all the four targets – Taj Palace & Tower, Oberoi Trident, Nariman House, the first events were detailed around 20,00 Indian Standard Time on 26 November, when 10 men in inflatable speedboats came ashore at two locations in Colaba. They reportedly told local Marathi-speaking fishermen who asked them who they were to mind their own business before they split up, the fishermens subsequent report to police received little response and local police were helpless. The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus was attacked by two gunmen, Ismail Khan and Ajmal Kasab, Kasab was later caught alive by the police and identified by eyewitnesses

4.
2010 Pune bombing
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The 2010 Pune bombing occurred on 13 February 2010 at approximately 7,15 pm IST when a bomb exploded at the German Bakery in the city of Pune, Maharashtra, India. The blast killed 17 people, and injured at least 60 more, including an Italian woman, the German Bakery is located near the Jewish Chabad House and the Osho ashram in Koregaon Park, Pune. The ashram and the bakery are frequented by foreigners and the bakery, two little known groups, the Laskhar-e-Taiba Al Alami and the Mujahideen Islami Muslim Front, claimed they were behind the bomb attack. But, according to government agencies, the attack could have part of a project by Lashkar-e-Taiba to use the Indian Mujahideen. David Coleman Headley, a Pakistani-American terror suspect, has accused of involvement in the project. The site of the bombing was the German Bakery, a popular establishment in Pune. The bakery, situated on the floor of a corner building in the Koregaon Park area of Pune, was reduced to rubble. At the time of the explosion, the limited seating areas were full of students. A security alert had been issued in October 2009 for a Jewish Chabad house in the vicinity of the German Bakery, businessman Bharat Turakhia, who suffered shrapnel injuries from the blast, saved several lives by taking the victims to a hospital and helped the police in their investigation. Security agencies confirmed shortly thereafter that the explosion was a terrorist strike, the rest of the victims succumbed to their injuries a few days later, while undergoing treatment. The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Ashok Chavan, announced, Regarding the compensation payment to the dead, and whatever the medical expenditure is for the people who have been admitted to the hospitals the costs will be entirely by the government. About sixty people were injured in the bombing, forty-six were men and the rest were women. Twelve of the injured were foreigners, five were Iranian, two were Sudanese and two were Nepalese, and one each from Italy, Taiwan, and Yemen. List of victims, Commissioner of Police, Satyapal Singh, after receiving the report from the Forensic Science Laboratory. Ball bearings together with nuts and bolts were used in the bomb and he added, According to the FSL report received last night, the material used for the explosive was a combination of RDX, ammonium nitrate and petroleum hydrocarbon oil. However, the quantity used has not been determined yet, also the trigger mechanism is still subject to investigation. It is not known whether a remote detonator or a timer was used to set off the blast, on 14 February, the Indian Home Minister P. In connection with the bomb blast, the Indian Home Secretary, the attack occurred just a few days after an agreement was reached between India and Pakistan to resume dialogue at a meeting on 25 February in New Delhi

5.
2011 Mumbai bombings
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The 2011 Mumbai bombings were a series of three coordinated bomb explosions at different locations in Mumbai, India, on 13 July 2011 between 18,54 and 19,06 IST. The blasts occurred at the Opera House, at Zaveri Bazaar and at Dadar West localities, the first device was planted on a motorcycle at Khau Gali in south Mumbais Zaveri Bazaar and exploded at 18,54 local time. The third device was placed on a pole at the Dr Antonio Da Silva High School bus stand near Kabutar Khana in Dadar area. Following the blasts, phone lines were jammed and communications ceased or were available intermittently for at least a few hours, other metropolitan cities, including Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bangalore, were also put on high alert. Immediately after the blasts, the Mumbai Police sent an SMS to a few mobile phone users in Mumbai reading, most of the injured were rushed to various hospitals in Mumbai, such as J. J. Hospital, St. Georges Hospital, Harikishandas Hospital and G. T. Hospital, Mumbai has been hit by terrorist incidents at least half a dozen times since the early 1990s, with over 600 people dying in these attacks. In an editorial, the Times of India described the city as having become a hot hunting ground for terror, the blasts claimed 26 lives and injured an additional 130 others. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Indian National Congress leader Sonia Gandhi visited Mumbai the next day, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh announced a compensation of ₹2,00,000 to the kin of each of those killed and ₹1,00,000 to the seriously injured. Meanwhile, the Maharashtra Government also announced ₹5,00,000 in compensation to the families of each of those killed, there was speculation that the pattern of the blasts suggested involvement of Indian Mujahideen. According to the Special cell of the Delhi Police, Indian Mujahideen has been conducting blasts on the 13 or 26 of the month. The day 13 July is also observed as Kashmir Martyrs day, there is also a view that the attacks could have been plotted by those trying to derail the Indo-Pakistani peace process. Ammonium nitrate, gelatin and detonators have been used in bomb blasts in Mumbai previously. The report also mentioned that this cache had gone missing soon after local police took custody, the journalist had also speculated that the cache might be used to trigger terror attacks in the city. There were calls for investigations into this link to the Mumbai blasts by his employer MiD DAY. The Home Ministry classified the bomb blasts as a terrorist act, the Chief Minister of Maharashtra Prithviraj Chavan said that the bombs used could have been fuel filled, much like molotov cocktails. Preliminary investigations suggested the use of multiple IED explosives in the blasts with ammonium nitrate-based explosives mixed with fuel oil, the explosives indicate some level of sophistication. It is also believed that remote detonators may have been used, the Home Minister also announced that his office would be updating the people through the media every two hours. The Maharashtra ATS was reported to have sought a list of passengers traveling from Kolkata to Mumbai, the suspicions were a result of a Kolkata man with Indian Mujahideen link having gone missing in the previous few days

6.
2013 Hyderabad blasts
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On 21 February 2013, at around 19,00 IST, two blasts occurred in the city of Hyderabad, India. The bombs exploded in Dilsukhnagar, a shopping area, within 100 metres of each other. The first bomb went off at Anand Tiffins, located opposite Konark Theatre at around 19,02 IST, the second bomb went off at 19,06 IST between Venkatadri Theatre and Dilsukhnagar Bus Stand. According to the Hyderabad Police, the bombs were placed on bicycles, Andhra Pradeshs Director General of Police noted that Improvised Explosive Devices had been used in the two blasts to cause maximum damage. The blasts killed 17 people, which included at least three students and at least 119 injured. A team of experts from the National Investigation Agency and the National Security Guard arrived in Hyderabad on a plane provided by the Border Security Force for further investigation. Home Minister Sushilkumar Shinde claimed that the Indian government had intelligence about possible blasts, Shinde also said that authorities had received intelligence about possible attacks in the country but no specific information as to where or when they might occur. CNN-IBN reported that an Indian Mujahideen operative named Maqbool confessed to carrying out reconnaissance of Dilsukhnagar in 2012 during interrogation by Delhi Police, initial reports also suggested the involvement of Indian Mujahideen in the blasts. On 22 February, two First Information Reports were lodged probing the attack, one FIR was lodged at Cyberabads Saroor police station, while the second was lodged in Hyderabad. As the Hyderabad Police continued investigating in the serial blasts case, the NIA conducted raids at various places in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Maharashtra, looking for alleged terror modules. Forensic investigation revealed that the two bombs used were packed with huge amounts of iron nails and bolts and ammonium nitrate, closed-circuit television footage collected from the traffic signal near the blast site revealed movements of five men who allegedly had planted explosives at the blast sites. However, the faces of the suspects were not clearly seen, Police sources later said that a Sai Baba temple in the area was the initial target of the criminal activity. However, a visit by Hyderabad police commissioner Anurag Sharma eluded them, the Andhra Pradesh government claimed that it had obtained vital clues regarding the crime and would crack the case soon. Chief minister Reddy sent out 15 special teams of Andhra Pradesh police, people lodged in the Chanchalguda Central Jail were also questioned regarding the blasts. Major cities in India like Mumbai, New Delhi and Bangalore, Gujarat, Maharashtra, the police of Andhra Pradesh were confronted with massive traffic jams when they tried to implement relief and rescue operations. Home secretary R. K. Singh stated that officials from the National Investigation Agency were shifted from Delhi to Hyderabad, president Pranab Mukherjee offered condolences to the bereaved families and condemned the blasts as acts of cowardice. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh consoled the next of kin of those killed, home Minister Sushilkumar Shinde visited the blast site on the morning of 22 February and said that an investigation had been launched by a probe team appointed by the Andhra Pradesh government. The nation needs to be united, the parties need to get united

7.
2013 Patna bombings
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On 27 October 2013, a series of bomb blasts rocked the Indian city of Patna, Bihar at a massive election rally for BJP Prime Ministerial candidate Narendra Modi. Of the estimated 300,000 participants at the Hunkar rally, no one has claimed responsibility for the explosions, however, investigations suggest Indian Mujahideen were culpable. On the morning of 27 October 2013, the first bomb exploded at Patna Junction railway station at around 10,00, while two unexploded bombs were recovered by bomb disposal personnel. There were five other blasts from which three bombs exploded in and out of the Gandhi Maidan area, one exploded near a cinema hall,17,15 inside Gandhi Maidan A crude bomb exploded on an isolated place on platform 10 of Patna Junction railway station. One person who sustained injuries in this blast died, according to Railway Protection Force, the explosion took place at a paid toilet within the station. Two more homemade bombs were defused, according to Union ministry, one of the two crude bombs placed had a timer attached to it. Later that day, five low intensity blasts took place in Gandhi Maidan. Several people were injured in these blasts, one more blast took place in Elphinstine cinema hall near the Gandhi Maidan, injuring six people. One more unexploded bomb was found below the dais where Narendra Modi had spoken in the rally, the eighth bomb exploded around 5 PM on the same day, which was believed to be hidden under garbage. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh condemned the blasts and spoke to Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar asking him to hasten a probe into the incidents, the Home Ministry sent NIA and NSG teams to the blast sites for investigate. Union Minister of State for Home R. P. N. Singh assured the Bihar government that the government would provide all assistance in investigating the blast incident. For his part, Kumar condemned the blasts and said that his government had provided security for the rally. He also revealed that a suitcase was found in Gandhi Maidan two days previously and henceforth security would be beefed up. He also cancelled his trip of Munger and convened a meeting on the law. Narendra Modi expressed his condolences for the bomb blast victims online, a week after the blast, Modi returned to Bihar to offer condolences and Rs.500,000 to the families of the six people killed in the attack. Dense fog allowed him to only three families while the other three were contacted over the phone. An Indian National Congress leader, Shakeel Ahmad, wrote, Blasts during Modi Ji’s 1st visit as PM hopeful to Bihar should be condemned by one, State govt and NIA should unearth the conspiracy. General Secretary Digvijaya Singh said, What a coincidence blast at Patna Railway on the day of Modi’s Rally, challenge to Nitish Govt to find the culprit

8.
Terrorism in India
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Terrorism in India, according to the Home Ministry, poses a significant threat to the people of India. Terrorism found in India includes ethno-nationalist terrorism, religious terrorism, left wing terrorism, a common definition of terrorism is the systematic use or threatened use of violence to intimidate a population or government for political, religious, or ideological goals. The regions with long term terrorist activities have been Jammu and Kashmir, east-central and south-central India, in August 2008, National Security Advisor M K Narayanan has said that there are as many as 800 terrorist cells operating in the country. As of 2013,205 of the country’s 608 districts were affected by terrorist activity. 5% of global population, media reports have alleged and implicated terrorism in India to be sponsored by Pakistan, particularly through its Inter-Services Intelligence. In 2012, the US accused Pakistan of enabling and ignoring anti-India terrorist cells working on its soil, however, in July 2016, Government of India released data on a string of terror strikes in India since 2005 that claimed 707 lives and left over 3,200 injured. The 8th report on terrorism in India published in 2008 defined terrorism as the equivalent of war crime. This description is similar to one provided by the United Nations in 2000, the Indian government uses the following working definition of terrorism, same as one widely used by Western nations as well as the United Nations, proposed by Schmid and Jongman in 1988. The immediate human victims of violence are generally chosen randomly or selectively from a target population, religious terrorism - This form of terror focuses on religious imperatives, a presumed duty or in solidarity for a specific religious group, against one or more religious groups. Mumbai 26/11 terror attack in 2008 from an Islamic group in Pakistan is an example of religious terrorism in India, the ideology of Marx, Engel, Mao, Lenin and others are considered as the only valid economic path. Maoist violence in Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh are examples of left wing terrorism in India, narcoterrorism - This form of terror focuses on creating illegal narcotics traffic zones. Drug violence in northwest India is an example of narco-terrorism in India, of these,38 are on the current list of terrorist organisations banned by India under its First Schedule of the UA Act,1967. As of 2012, many of these were listed and banned by the United States. Mumbai has been the most preferred target for most terrorist organisations, on 27 October 2013, seven crude bombs exploded in Bihar during an election rally. One was in the Patna Junction railway station, and another near a cinema hall, one person died and six were injured in these two blasts. In July 2013, nine bombs exploded in an attack at the Bodh Gaya temple complex, a Buddhist shrine. In 2014, members of banned Indian Mujahideen and Students Islamic Movement of India were accused and arrested for the blasts, in the 1980s, an insurgent movement turned to violence, seeking a separate state called Khalistan, independent of India. They were led by Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale who was neutral on the establishment of a new state, in 1984, Operation Blue Star was conducted by the Indian government to confront the movement. It involved an assault on the Golden Temple complex, which Sant Bhindranwale had fortified in preparation of an army assault, Indira Gandhi, Indias then prime minister, ordered the military to storm the temple, who eventually had to use tanks

9.
2006 Mumbai train bombings
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The bombs were set off in pressure cookers on trains plying the Western line of the Suburban Railway network. 209 people were killed and over 700 were injured, pressure cooker bombs were placed on trains on the western line of the suburban train network, which forms the backbone of the citys transport network. Pressure cookers were used in bombing and other recent explosions to increase the afterburn in a thermobaric reaction. The first blast reportedly took place at 18,24 IST, all the bombs had been placed in the first-class general compartments of several trains running from Churchgate, the city-centre end of the western railway line, to the western suburbs of the city. They exploded at or in the vicinity of the suburban railway stations of Matunga Road, Mahim, Bandra, Khar Road, Jogeshwari, Bhayandar. Home Minister Shivraj Patil told reporters that authorities had some information an attack was coming, the bomb attacks in Mumbai came hours after a series of grenade attacks in Srinagar, the largest city in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. Home Secretary V K Duggal said there was no link between the Srinagar and Mumbai bomb blasts, Maharashtra Deputy Chief Minister R. R. Patil confirmed that a total of 200 people were killed and another 714 others have been injured. Additionally, various organisations have reported that at least 200 people have died. A week after the blasts in Mumbai the confirmed death toll rose to 207, in September 2006 it was confirmed that the death toll had risen to 209. A state of alert was declared in Indias major cities. Both the airports in Mumbai were placed on high alert, the citys bus service, the BEST, pressed extra buses into service to transport stranded commuters home. The Prime Minister also held a security meeting at his residence attended by Home Minister Shivraj Patil, National Security Advisor M K Narayanan, Western Railway services were restored on 11 July by 10.45 pm. As a show of confidence, the Mumbai Stock Exchange rebounded. Foreign investors also retained confidence, with the Sensex up almost 3% at 10,930.09 at the end of the days trade. Maharashtra Chief Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh announced ex-gratia payments of Rs 1,00,000 to the next of kin of those who died in the explosion, the injured would be given Rs 50,000 each. Indian Railways announced Rs 5,00,000 compensation and a job to the next of kin of those killed in the blasts in Mumbai. The announcements were made by Railways Minister Lalu Prasad Yadav after visiting those injured in the blasts at a hospital in Mumbai, however a study commissioned by former MP Kirit Somaiya noted that only 174 of the 1,077 victims had received compensation through the Railway Claims Tribunal. For the handicapped victims, only 15 out of 235 eligible cases had been taken care of, regarding the Prime Ministers promise to India concerning the rehabilitation of the victims, L. K

10.
2010 Varanasi bombing
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The 2010 Varanasi bombing was a blast that occurred on 7 December 2010, in one of the holiest Hindu cities, Varanasi. It killed a girl, sitting on her mothers lap. In the ensuing panic after the blast, a railing broke causing a stampede leading to an increase in the number of injuries, the bomb was hidden inside a milk container on the Sheetla Ghat. The blast occurred a day after the anniversary of the 1992 Babri Masjid demolition, subsequently, the Islamist militant group, Indian Mujahideen, claimed responsibility of the blast, via email to Indian media. Sitala Ghat is the extension of the Dashashwamedh Ghat. Also close by is the historic Kashi Vishwanath Temple, the Shiva temple which has one of the 12 Jyotirlinga of India. The present ghat was re-furbished in c.1740 by Pt. Narayana Diksit the preceptor of Peshwa Baji Rao I, after the incident 20 injured were admitted to BHU Hospital,13 in Kabir Chaura Hospital, while 4 were sent to Heritage Hospital in the city. The death of the Italian tourist was reported in some media agencies. The responsibility for the attack was claimed by the Pakistan-based Islamist militant group, Indian Mujahideen, the bomb blast occurred at one of the steps of the Sitala ghat leading to the famous Sheetla Devi temple, which was surrounded by devotees and foreigner tourists. After the incident the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Mayawati and Union Minister of Home Affairs P. Chidambaram visited the site, a national security alert was sounded and police intensified patrols in major cities like New Delhi, Mumbai, and Bangalore. On 11 December, a 50-year-old woman, visiting the town to watch the Ganga Aarti on the Dasashwamedh Ghat, Varanasi blast, Caught on camera at NDTV

11.
2001 Indian Parliament attack
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The 2001 Indian Parliament attack was an attack at the Parliament of India in New Delhi on 13 December 2001. The perpetrators were Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorists, on 13 December 2001, nine terrorists infiltrated the Parliament House in a car with Home Ministry and Parliament labels. More than 100 people, including major politicians were inside the parliament building at the time, the gunmen used a fake identity sticker on the car they drove and thus breached the security deployed around the parliamentary complex. The terrorists carried AK47 rifles, grenade launchers, pistols and grenades, Delhi Police officials claimed that gunmen received instructions from Pakistan and the operation was carried out under the guidance of Pakistans Inter-Services Intelligence agency. The gunmen drove their vehicle into the car of the Indian Vice-President Krishan Kant, got out, the Vice-Presidents guards and security personnel shot back at the terrorists and then started closing the gates of the compound. A similar attack was carried out on assembly of Srinagar, Kashmir, during November 2001, constable Kamlesh Kumari Yadav, of CRPF was the first to spot the terrorists and was shot by them as she raised the alarm. One gunmans suicide vest exploded when he was dead, the other four gunmen were also killed. Five policemen, a Parliament security guard, and a gardener were killed and 18 others were injured, the ministers and MPs escaped unhurt. The total number of deaths was 14 and at least 22 people were injured in the attack, Delhi Police claimed that five militants carried out the attack and the names given by them were 1. Hamza,2. Mohammed all of whom were killed by the security, Indian court observed that three more people from across the border, namely, Maulana Masood Azhar, Ghazi Baba alias Abu Jehadi and Tariq Ahmed were also involved in preparing the attack. The attack triggered extensive investigations which revealed possible involvement of four accused namely Mohammad Afzal Guru, Shaukat Hussain Guru, gilani and Shaukats wife Afsan Guru. Some other proclaimed offenders said to be the leaders of the militant organisation known as Jaish-e-Mohammed. After the conclusion of investigation, investigating agency filed the report under Section 173 of Criminal Procedure Code,1973 against four accused persons on 14 May 2002. Charges were framed under various sections of Indian Penal Code, the Prevention of Terrorism Act,2002, the designated Special Court was presided over by S. N. Dhingra. The accused were tried and the trial concluded within a period of about six months. 80 witnesses were examined for the prosecution and 10 witnesses were examined on behalf of the accused S. A. R, Afzal Guru, Shaukat Hussain and S. A. R. The accused 1 and 2 were also convicted under Section 3 of POTA, accused 4, namely Navjot Sandhu a. k. a. Afsan, was acquitted of all the charges except the one under Section 123 IPC for which she was convicted and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for five years

12.
Akshardham Temple attack
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The Akshardham Temple attack was a terror attack at the Akshardham Temple in Gandhinagar, Gujarat on 24 September 2002 conducted by Murtuza Hafiz Yasin and Ashraf Ali Mohammed Farooq. They killed 33 people and wounded 80 others by using automatic weapons, National Security Guards intervened and ended the siege by killing both attackers the same night. Six accused were arrested by Gujarat Police. In May 2014, a Supreme Court of India bench acquitted all the six prisoners of all charges, when the two attempted to enter the Akshardham Temple Complex, the volunteers stopped the armed terrorists for a security screening. Bypassing the screening, the terrorists jumped over the 7-foot high fence, a priest recalled a mother begging for the lives of her children-later identified as Priya and Bhailu Chauhan, aged three and four. The woman, Sumitra, had been running with her little boy, the killer nodded to her pleas, then turned his gun towards the children and, to the horror of the mother, mowed them down. As the Akshardham staff, including the temple supervisor, Khodsinh Jadhav witnessed the killings, they rushed across the 200-foot walkway, as a result, the terrorists were unable to infiltrate the main temple where 35 people were offering prayers. At 4,48 pm, three minutes after the attack began, Vishwavihari Swami, at the Akshardham Temple Complex, made an SOS call to Chief Minister Narendra Modis office, within minutes, Gandhinagars district police chief R. R. Brahmbhatt was dispatched to the scene. Additionally, the State Commando force was instructed to arrive at the Akshardham Temple Complex. Meanwhile, outside of the Akshardham Temple Complex, local individuals mobilised into volunteers, chirag Patel helped bring out the injured individuals, while Pravin Shah supplied free water to worried relatives. Thereafter, the terrorists, unable to infiltrate the main monument, the volunteers had locked all the doors of the exhibition halls, however, the terrorists entered Exhibition Hall 1, which contained the multimedia show, by prying open the exit door. Upon entering the hall, they fired shots at the audience, Mihir, Moulik and Mrunal had gone to watch the multimedia show at Akshardham with their grandparents, Pundrikbhai and Harshidaben Hathi. As the terrorists fired shots, Mihir and Mrunal lost their brother Moulik, by 5,15 pm, Chief Minister of Gujurat Narendra Modi called the Deputy Prime Minister L. K. Advani in Delhi and asked for the National Security Guards, commonly referred to as Black Cat Commandos, the terrorists left Exhibition Hall 1, as they entered, through the exit door, and climbed onto and hid in the parikrama, the outer perimeter of the temple. Within 10–15 minutes of the attack, police security guards and commandos had reached the premises, the police and commandos escorted the visitors from around the complex to safety, while volunteers helped transport the injured victims to nearby hospitals. The police and commandos searched for the two terrorists, who were focused on retreating to a hiding spot. During this temporary halt, the police and commandos also guided the remaining 100 visitors in Exhibition Hall 1 to a location outside of the complex. During this attack, no one was hurt, since the commandos had surrounded the area and continued the crossfire, the terrorist found it difficult to escape