Prenatal maternal psychosocial experience results in diverse changes to offspring development. Few studies assess these experiences in species-typical settings, and fewer have investigated acute fetal effects. We collected data on socially housed rhesus monkeys [n=100, pregnant=20] in a 5-acre field enclosure during pregnancy and during postnatal mother-infant dyadic interactions. Acute physiological effects of differential social experience were also assessed using a smaller group [n=10] in a more controlled laboratory setting. Following a matrilineal overthrow at the start of birth season in the field enclosure, greater pregnancy and neonatal loss occurred [Binomial Sign Test, p(8,20,0.20)=0.032]. However, despite individual variation [27–102 days] no matrilineal differences occurred in the age infants were first observed >5 meters from mom [Kruskal-Wallis, n=17, p>0.05; median=59 days]. Similarly, in the laboratory, the individual differences in developing independence from mother also showed a range of variability [Median=49.5, n=10, range 19–111 days], and laboratory and field animals were not different [Kruskal-Wallis, p>0.05]. However, patterns of individual differences were detected. In animals repeatedly exposed to a treat-other challenge, acute maternal and fetal cardiovascular responses were consistent with the rank order for postnatal age at which infants in mother-infant dyads achieved independence using nuclear family caging. Maternal-fetal dyads in which both mother and fetuses experienced blood pressure changes in response to this mild challenge [ranks 3 and 4 of 4] developed into mother-infant dyads with older infants before achieving independence.