Phoenix Comic Fest (formerly Phoenix Comicon) is a speculative fiction entertainment and comic book convention held annually in Phoenix, Arizona. It was founded as the Phoenix Cactus Comicon in June 2002, and originally consisted of a one-day six-hour event held in Ahwatukee, Arizona. PCC plays host to comic related panels, programming events, art contests, and autograph signings for all ages, it is a four-day event (Thursday-Sunday) held during the summer at the Phoenix Convention Center in downtown Phoenix. On Thursday evening prior to the official opening of the event, there is a preview for professionals, exhibitors, and select guests pre-registered for all four days.

Originally showcasing comic books, science fiction/fantasy and film/television, and related popular arts, the convention has expanded over the years to include a larger range of pop culture elements, such as horror, anime, manga, animation, toys, collectible card games, video games, webcomics, and fantasy novels. In 2016, the convention set an attendance record of 106,096, and reportedly generates approximately $5 million in revenue for the city of Phoenix. Phoenix Comic Fest has also begun to expand programming into the surrounding hotels, including the Hyatt Regency, Marriott Renaissance and Sheraton Phoenix Downtown Hotels.

The convention has also expanded to hosting another convention during the fall and winter months titled Phoenix Comicon Fan Fest, the first of which was hosted at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona in December 2014. It was re-branded as Phoenix Fan Fest and moved to October in 2016 at the Phoenix Convention Center.

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The Phoenix Convention Center has hosted the annual convention since 2010.

Phoenix Comicon 2017

The first Phoenix Comicon was held in June 2002 as Phoenix Cactus Comicon, it was a one-day convention for six hours held at a Best Western in Ahwatukee, Arizona. Admission was $3 per person and there were 432 attendees, along with a few local creators and exhibitors, the following three years, the convention was held at the Glendale Civic Center. The size of the convention and the attendance were doubled from the previous year, and the Sunday morning six-hour length of the convention was maintained, the convention began to bring out some guests from out of state including Spider-Man artist Todd Nauck and comic legend Marv Wolfman. The programming was increased to include Q&A's with guests, how-to workshops, and film trailer presentations.

In 2006, the convention was held at the Mesa Convention Center in Mesa, Arizona for the first time in its history, it also became a two-day convention, with Friday preview night, and had guests such as voice actors Johnny Young Bosche and Greg Ayres. The exhibitor room was dramatically expanded, as was the amount of programming offered, this was the first convention to expand beyond comic books into the greater pop culture community, including Anime, Manga, Sci-Fi, Fantasy and Cosplay. Attendance was over 2,600 people for the weekend, the convention was held in January from 2007 to 2009, at the Mesa Convention Center. Attendance jumped past 3,200. 2007 was considered the conventions first foray into media guests, with Feedback, the winner of "Stan Lee's Who Wants to be a Superhero" attending. In 2009, the event was expanded to 3 days, with a Thursday preview night, it was also announced at the 2009 convention that due to an overwhelming attendance of around 7,000 people for that year, the convention in 2010 will be moving to the Phoenix Convention Center the next year, along with the dates changing to the end of May.

Beginning in 2010 the convention was held on Memorial Day weekend, at the Phoenix Convention Center and Grand Hyatt Hotel in Phoenix. This change was due to the large increase in attendance, and the availability of funds to hold the convention in a larger venue. Bigger names, such as Leonard Nimoy, George Takei, and Stan Lee also attended the convention as special guests. One of the highlights of the 2013 event include the world premiere of "Pilgrim of Eternity", the first full-length episode of the award-winning Star Trek Continues fan film web series and a sequel to "Who Mourns for Adonais?". In 2014, due to a scheduling conflict, the convention was moved to the first week of June as opposed to Memorial Day weekend, the convention also expanded its presence into the South and West buildings of the convention center, as well as nearby hotels including the Hyatt Regency Hotel, Marriott Renaissance Hotel and Sheraton Phoenix Downtown Hotel. The 2015 and 2016 convention took place the weekend after Memorial Day weekend at the Phoenix Convention Center, and further utilized the convention facilities, including expanding to the third level ballroom in order to accommodate a larger amount of attendees for popular media guests.

Beginning in 2017, the convention will take place on Memorial Day weekend at the Phoenix Convention Center through at least 2019.

On May 25, 2017, the first day of the convention, a man was arrested after posting to Facebook his intent to kill police officers, and was found in possession of several firearms and knives, the man believed he was the Punisher, and intended to kill bad police officers, along with actor Jason David Frank, who was attending the convention as a guest. Security changes were made for the event to include the banning of prop weapons, although vendors were still allowed to sell toy weapons as long as they were sealed.[1]

In January 2018, it was announced that the event had been re-named Phoenix Comic Fest, this is to avoid use of the term "Comic con", which is a registered trademark of San Diego Comic-Con International that was recently upheld by a U.S. court in a lawsuit against Salt Lake Comic Con.[2]

Along with panels, seminars, and workshops with comic book professionals, evenings at the convention include events such as themed prom parties, the annual Masquerade costume contest, and a Film Festival with several different prize opportunities.

In 2014, Phoenix Comicon also began a partnership with NASA, allowing attendees to participate in the FameLab program, as well as hear from NASA representatives at various panels throughout the convention. Phoenix Comicon also partnered with media guests and entertainers to offer special events outside the convention, including a performance by Brian Posehn, Myq Kaplan and Mike Drucker for their comedy group Comedy Mutant, as well as a one-man performance of Star Wars, presented by Charlie Ross.

Like most comic-book conventions, Phoenix Comicon features a large floor space for exhibitors, these include media companies, as well as comic-book dealers and collectibles merchants. And like most comics conventions, Phoenix Comicon includes an autograph and photo opportunity area, as well as the Artists' Alley where comics artists can sign autographs and sell or do free sketches.

The convention also offers attendees the chance to purchase exclusive collectibles. Most such exclusives are licensed properties of movie, comic book, and animation characters.

For the first time ever, Phoenix Comicon held a separate event in December 2014, titled Phoenix Comicon Fan Fest, at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, the convention functioned as a smaller version of Phoenix Comicon, maintaining its usual elements of panels, workshops, and exhibitors, while expanding its focus on comic book artists, and fan interaction with its various media guests. Convention organizers stated that they saw a desire from their audience to host a convention in Arizona during the winter, but due to costs involved with renting the Phoenix Convention Center, and blocking off rooms at nearby hotels, the decision was made to host the Fan Fest in Glendale at University of Phoenix Stadium. Several television and media guests attended the first ever Fan Fest, including David Ramsey, Colin Baker and Michael Biehn, among others, including several dozen comic book artists and creators. In 2016, the Fan Fest was moved to the Phoenix Convention Center, and took place in October, rather than December.

1.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation

2.
Phoenix, Arizona
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Phoenix is the capital and most populous city of the U. S. state of Arizona. Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, the metropolitan area is the 12th largest by population in the United States, with approximately 4.3 million people as of 2010. Settled in 1867 as a community near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers. Located in the reaches of the Sonoran Desert, Phoenix has a subtropical desert climate. Despite this, its canal system led to a farming community, many of the original crops remaining important parts of the Phoenix economy for decades, such as alfalfa, cotton, citrus. The city averaged a four percent annual growth rate over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s. This growth rate slowed during the Great Recession of 2007–09, and has rebounded slowly, Phoenix is the cultural center of the Valley of the Sun, as well as the entire state. For more than 2,000 years, the Hohokam people occupied the land that would become Phoenix, the Hohokam created roughly 135 miles of irrigation canals, making the desert land arable. Paths of these canals would later used for the modern Arizona Canal, Central Arizona Project Canal. The Hohokam also carried out trade with the nearby Anasazi, Mogollon and Sinagua. It is believed that between 1300 and 1450, periods of drought and severe floods led to the Hohokam civilizations abandonment of the area. After the departure of the Hohokam, groups of Akimel Oodham, Tohono Oodham and Maricopa tribes began to use the area, as well as segments of the Yavapai and Apache. The Oodham were offshoots of the Sobaipuri tribe, who in turn were thought to be the descendants of the formerly urbanized Hohokam and their crops included corn, beans, and squash for food, while cotton and tobacco were also cultivated. Mostly a peaceful group, they did together with the Maricopa for their mutual protection against incursions by both the Yuma and Apache tribes. The Tohono Oodham lived in the region as well, but their concentration was to the south. Living in small settlements, the Oodham were seasonal farmers who took advantage of the rains and they also hunted local game such as deer, rabbit, and javalina for meat. When the Mexican–American War ended in 1848, Mexico ceded its northern zone to the United States, the Phoenix area became part of the New Mexico Territory. In 1863 the mining town of Wickenburg was the first to be established in what is now Maricopa County, at the time Maricopa County had not yet been incorporated, the land was within Yavapai County, which included the major town of Prescott to the north of Wickenburg

3.
Comic book convention
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A comic book convention or comic-con is an event with a primary focus on comic books and comic book culture, in which comic book fans gather to meet creators, experts, and each other. Commonly, comic conventions are multi-day events hosted at convention centers, hotels and they feature a wide variety of activities and panels, with a larger number of attendees participating in cosplay than most other types of fan conventions. Comic book conventions are used as a vehicle for industry, in which publishers, distributors. Comic book conventions may be considered derivatives of science-fiction conventions, which began in the late 1930s, comic-cons were traditionally organized by fans on a not-for-profit basis, though nowadays most events catering to fans are run by commercial interests for profit. Many conventions have award presentations relating to comics, at commercial events, comic book creators often give out autographs to the fans, sometimes in exchange for a flat appearance fee, and sometimes may draw illustrations for a per-item fee. Commercial conventions are usually expensive and are hosted in hotels. The first official comic book convention was held in 1964 in New York City, early conventions were small affairs, usually organized by local enthusiasts, and featuring a handful of industry guests. The first recurring conventions were the Detroit Triple Fan Fair, which ran from 1965–1978, and Academy Con, many recurring conventions begin as single-day events in small venues, which as they grow more popular expand to two days, or even three or more every year. Many comic-cons which had their start in church basements or union halls now fill convention centers in major cities, nowadays, comic conventions are big business, with recurring shows in every major American city. Wizard Entertainment is the leader in these types of conventions. San Diego Comic-Con International, an entertainment and comic convention held annually in San Diego since 1970, is the standard bearer for U. S. comic-cons. According to Forbes, the convention is the largest convention of its kind in the world, according to the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau, the convention has an annual regional economic impact of $162.8 million, with a $180 million economic impact in 2011. Internationally, the largest European comic book festivals are Lucca Comics & Games, the worlds largest comic book convention, in terms of attendees, is Japans Comiket, which boasts annual attendance of over half a million people. In 1961 or 1962, Jerry Bails was vital in the formation of the Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors, the ACBFC brought fans of the medium together, administered the first industry awards, and assisted in the establishment of the first comic book conventions. The first Alley Awards, given for the calendar year 1961, were reported in Alter Ego No.4. On March 21–22,1964, the first annual Alley Tally by ACBFC members was organized by Bails at his house in Detroit, with the purpose of counting the Alley Award ballots for 1963. This became notable in retrospect as the first major gathering of fans, predating the earliest comic book conventions. Attendees included Ronn Foss, Don Glut, Don and Maggie Thompson, Mike Vosburg, Comics historian Bill Schelly notes that the Alley Tally and even larger fan meetings in Chicago

4.
Arizona
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Arizona is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western United States and the Mountain West states and it is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, Arizona is one of the Four Corners states. It has borders with New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, California, and Mexico, Arizonas border with Mexico is 389 miles long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California. Arizona is the 48th state and last of the states to be admitted to the Union. Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain, after being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase, Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Alpine, in addition to the Grand Canyon National Park, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments. To the European settlers, their pronunciation sounded like Arissona, the area is still known as alĭ ṣonak in the Oodham language. Another possible origin is the Basque phrase haritz ona, as there were numerous Basque sheepherders in the area, There is a misconception that the states name originated from the Spanish term Árida Zona. See also lists of counties, islands, rivers, lakes, state parks, national parks, Arizona is in the Southwestern United States as one of the Four Corners states. Arizona is the sixth largest state by area, ranked after New Mexico, of the states 113,998 square miles, approximately 15% is privately owned. The remaining area is public forest and park land, state trust land, Arizona is well known for its desert Basin and Range region in the states southern portions, which is rich in a landscape of xerophyte plants such as the cactus. This regions topography was shaped by volcanism, followed by the cooling-off. Its climate has hot summers and mild winters. The state is well known for its pine-covered north-central portion of the high country of the Colorado Plateau. Like other states of the Southwest United States, Arizona has an abundance of mountains, despite the states aridity, 27% of Arizona is forest, a percentage comparable to modern-day France or Germany. The worlds largest stand of pine trees is in Arizona

5.
Ahwatukee, Phoenix
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It is the southernmost of the citys 15 urban villages. As of 2010, the 35.8 square-mile neighborhood has a population of 77,249, legend has it that in 1921, Dr. and Mrs. W. V. B. Ames built a house on approximately 2,000 acres on the southeast side of South Mountain and they gave the area its original Spanish name, Casa de Sueños, which in English means House of Dreams. Dr. Ames died within just three months of moving into the house, and after Mrs. Ames death, in 1933, the house and most of the land were willed to St. Lukes Hospital. In 1935, the house and land were bought by Miss Helen Brinton, the house was demolished in 1979, and parts of it were used to build the Our Lady of Guadalupe church. As it turns out, the Crow translation for House of Dreams sounds nothing like Ahwatukee, more likely, Brinton named the town after the Crow words awe chuuke, meaning land on the other side of the hill or land in the next valley. This seeming inconsistency only adds to the lore of Ahwatukee, in 1971, part of the land was purchased, subdivided, and developed into an HOA by the Presley Development Company. Marty Gibson was the first to write a book on the history of Ahwatukee, due to its relatively few access points, it has been called the worlds largest cul-de-sac. The decision to proceed with the construction has been extremely controversial, the areas K-8 students are served by the Kyrene School District. Centennial, Akimel A-al, Altadeña are middle schools, High school students go to one of two in the area, Desert Vista and Mountain Pointe. Both schools are operated by the Tempe Union High School District, john Bosco Catholic School, and public charter school BASIS Ahwatukee. Ahwatukee receives approximately 6 inches of rainfall yearly, temperatures are mild during the winter months and daily highs average around 67 °F. Snow is extremely rare for the area, but on occasion can be seen on the Sierra Estrella mountain range to the southwest, there is hail on occasion in the foothills. Ahwatukee, with its proximity to the South Mountain Park, a Phoenix city park, has numerous outdoor activity opportunities, Cycling, hiking, baseball, and soccer are common activities. Hiking Hiking in the Ahwatukee area is an activity in. Telegraph Pass, Pima Canyon and Beverly Canyon are all popular trail heads with dozens of other areas also available. Hiking Links Ahwatukee Hiking Information City of Phoenix Hiking Information Cycling Ahwatukee is a destination for road cyclists, Road cycling clubs and community members utilize Pecos Road and the hills of Ahwatukee near 5th Avenue and Desert Foothills Parkway for training and scenic rides alike. A park and ride location is used as a starting point for cyclists who live outside of the village

6.
Phoenix Convention Center
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The concept for a performing arts auditorium developed as early as 1959. At that time, cultural and theatrical events were being held in outdated high school auditoriums, a citizens group was formed in the early 1960s to study the development of a convention center and the idea for Phoenix Civic Plaza became reality. In 1963, in order to construction, the non-profit Phoenix Civic Plaza Building Corporation was created. On April 15,1969, the city of Phoenix and Phoenix Civic Plaza Building Corporation signed legal agreements for the construction of the convention center. The Phoenix Civic Plaza Department was created in November 1969 to oversee the operational aspects of the construction, purchase equipment and hire, construction of Phoenix Civic Plaza began the same year and was completed in 1972 at a cost of $28 million and occupying 16.5 acres. The original project included Phoenix Symphony Hall, which opened at the same time, six years later, the demand for additional space created a need for expansion. During that time, several conventions were bumped because of previous commitments, when construction was completed in 1985, Phoenix Civic Plaza had more than doubled its available space to over 300,000 square feet. A multi-phased $600 million expansion project has nearly tripled the size of the Phoenix Convention Center, Phase I opened in 2006, with Populous as the design architect and Leo A. Daly as the prime and managing architect. Populous served as design architect and architect of record for Phase II of the expansion, which was completed in 2008. The design of the new convention center aims to reference the unique Arizona landscape, steel canopies extend over third Street to create shade. The large glass and stone atrium in the West Building represents the unique angles, colors, textures and finishes capture the warm hues of the Sonoran Desert and the cool tones of an Arizona desert sky. List of convention centers in the United States Official website Phoenix. gov Downtownphoenix. com

7.
Downtown Phoenix
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Downtown Phoenix is the central business district of the City of Phoenix, Arizona, United States. It is located in the heart of the Phoenix metropolitan area or Valley of the Sun, Phoenix, being the county seat of Maricopa County and the capital of Arizona, serves as the center of politics, justice and government on the local, state and federal levels. The area is a center of employment for the region, with many financial, legal. Major arts and cultural institutions also call the area home, Downtown Phoenix is a center of major league sports activities, live concert events, and is an equally prominent center of banking and finance in Arizona. Regional headquarters for major banks, including JP Morgan Chase, Wells Fargo, US Bank, Bank of America, Compass Bank. The City of Phoenix defines Downtown as the area between 7th Street and 7th Avenue, from McDowell Road on the north to Buckeye Road on the south. However, the majority of development is concentrated in the smaller area surrounding the intersection of Washington St. Downtown Phoenix is one of a few major business districts in the city, others include Midtown Phoenix to the north, in 1870, a meeting was held to select a town site for the influx of pioneers coming to the recently recognized town of Phoenix. 320 acres were purchased for $50 raised by popular subscription, with the first survey of the new town, streets were laid out in a grid, with Washington Street as the main east-west thoroughfare. The town continued to grow, and was incorporated as a city on February 28,1881 centered around downtown. The Phoenix Street Railway system was electrified and expanded to several different lines that connected Downtown Phoenix to other neighborhoods. Independence Day of 1887 heralded the arrival first Southern Pacific train and this opened up the economy of the young city, as goods now flowed in and out by train as opposed to wagon. As Phoenix became the center of commerce in the territory, the capital was moved to Phoenix, as Phoenix began to recover from the Great Recession, interest in re-energizing the urban core skyrocketed. Spurred by Arizona State University’s quickly developing Downtown Campus and a new Convention Center, areas such as Lower Grand, Roosevelt, and the Warehouse District have seen a massive investment in art, adaptive reuse, and local restaurants. The construction of Phoenix’s light rail system as stemmed major development projects in Downtown Phoenix along the Central Avenue corridor, Downtown Phoenix has many points of interest including museums, sports venues, performing arts venues and a thriving art scene. Downtowns cultural attractions include the Arizona Science Center, Phoenix Museum of History, the Phoenix Art Museum, the Rosson House, Downtown Phoenix has a large sports presence. Chase Field is home to the Arizona Diamondbacks and it was the site of the Insight Bowl from 2001 to 2005 and hosted the 2006 World Baseball Classic and international soccer games. Talking Stick Resort Arena is home to the Phoenix Suns, Phoenix Mercury, the ECHLs Phoenix RoadRunners played there from 2005 to 2009

8.
Comic book
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A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written narrative, although comics has some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe, comic books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s. Comic books are reliant on their organization and appearance, authors largely focus on the frame of the page, size, orientation, and panel positions. These characteristic aspects of books are necessary in conveying the content. The key elements of comic books include panels, balloons, text, balloons are usually convex spatial containers of information that are related to a character using a tail element. The tail has an origin, path, tip, and pointed direction, there are many technological formulas used to create comic books, including directions, axes, data, and metrics. Following these key formatting procedures is the writing, drawing, Comics as a print medium have existed in America since the printing of The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck in 1842 in hardcover, making it the first known American prototype comic book. The introduction of Jerry Siegel and Joe Shusters Superman in 1938 turned comic books into a major industry, the Golden Age originated the archetype of the superhero. Historians generally divide the timeline of the American comic book into eras, the Golden Age of Comic Books began with the introduction of Superman in 1938, spurring a period of high sales. The Silver Age of comic books is considered to date from the first successful revival of the then-dormant superhero form. The demarcation between the Silver Age and the era, the Bronze Age of Comic Books, is less well-defined. The Modern Age of Comic Books runs from the mid-1980s to the present day, in response to attention from the government and from the media, the U. S. comic book industry set up the Comics Magazine Association of America. The CMAA instilled the Comics Code Authority in 1954 and drafted the self-censorship Comics Code that year and it was not until the 1970s that comic books could be published without passing through the inspection of the CMAA. In the early 1970s, a surge of creativity emerged in what known as underground comix. Published and distributed independently of the comics industry, most of such comics reflected the youth counterculture. Underground comics were almost never sold at newsstands, but rather in such youth-oriented outlets as head shops and record stores, frank Stacks The Adventures of Jesus, published under the name Foolbert Sturgeon, has been credited as the first underground comic. The rise of comic book specialty stores in the late 1970s created/paralleled a dedicated market for independent or alternative comics in the U. S, some independent comics continued in the tradition of underground comics. A few represented experimental attempts to bring closer to the status of fine art

9.
Horror fiction
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Horror is a genre of fiction which is intended to, or has the capacity to frighten, scare, disgust, or startle their readers or viewers by inducing feelings of horror and terror. Literary historian J. A. Cuddon has defined the horror story as a piece of fiction in prose of variable length, which shocks or even frightens the reader, or perhaps induces a feeling of repulsion or loathing. It creates an eerie and frightening atmosphere, Horror is frequently supernatural, though it can be non-supernatural. Often the central menace of a work of fiction can be interpreted as a metaphor for the larger fears of a society. The genre of horror has ancient origins with roots in folklore and religious traditions, focusing on death, the afterlife, evil, the demonic and these were manifested in stories of beings such as witches, vampires, werewolves and ghosts. 18th century Gothic horror drew on these sources with the seminal and controversial The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole and this marked the first incorporated elements of the supernatural instead of pure realism. In fact, the first edition was published disguised as a medieval romance from Italy discovered and republished by a fictitious translator. Once revealed as contemporary, many found it anachronistic, reactionary, or simply in poor taste — but it proved to be immediately popular. That first novel of Gothic horror inspired such works as Vathek by William Beckford, A Sicilian Romance, The Mysteries of Udolpho and The Italian by Ann Radcliffe and The Monk by Matthew Lewis. A significant amount of fiction of this era was written by women and marketed at a female audience. The Gothic tradition blossomed into the modern readers call horror literature in the 19th century. Each of these novels and novellas created an icon of horror seen in modern re-imaginings on the stage. The proliferation of periodicals, as early as the turn of the century. One writer who specialized in fiction for mainstream pulps such as All-Story Magazine was Tod Robbins, whose fiction dealt with themes of madness. Later, specialist publications emerged to give horror writers an outlet, including Weird Tales, influential horror writers of the early 20th century made inroads in these mediums. Early cinema was inspired by aspects of horror literature, and early horror cinema started a strong tradition of horror films. This imagery made these comics controversial, and as a consequence they were frequently censored, many modern novels claim an early description of the living dead in a precursor to the modern zombie tale, including Dennis Wheatleys Strange Conflict, H. P. Lovecraft stories such as Cool Air, In The Vault, richard Mathesons novel I Am Legend would also influence an entire genre of apocalyptic zombie fiction emblematic of the films of George A. Romero

10.
Anime
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Anime is Japanese hand-drawn or computer animation. The word is the pronunciation of animation in Japanese, where this term references all animation. Arguably, the abstract approach to the words meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan. For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product, some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism. The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has continued to increase steadily. Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media and it is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences. Anime is an art form with distinctive production methods and techniques that have been adapted over time in response to emergent technologies. It consists of an ideal story-telling mechanism, combining art, characterization, cinematography. The production of anime focuses less on the animation of movement and more on the realism of settings as well as the use of effects, including panning, zooming. Being hand-drawn, anime is separated from reality by a gap of fiction that provides an ideal path for escapism that audiences can immerse themselves into with relative ease. Diverse art styles are used and character proportions and features can be quite varied, the anime industry consists of over 430 production studios, including major names like Studio Ghibli, Gainax, and Toei Animation. Despite comprising only a fraction of Japans domestic film market, anime makes up a majority of Japanese DVD sales and it has also seen international success after the rise of English-dubbed programming. This rise in popularity has resulted in non-Japanese productions using the anime art style. Anime is an art form, specifically animation, that all genres found in cinema. In Japanese, the term refers to all forms of animation from around the world. In English, anime is more used to denote a Japanese-style animated film or television entertainment or as a style of animation created in Japan. The etymology of the anime is disputed. The English term animation is written in Japanese katakana as アニメーション and is アニメ in its shortened form, in English, anime—when used as a common noun—normally functions as a mass noun

11.
Manga
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Manga are comics created in Japan or by creators in the Japanese language, conforming to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century. They have a long and complex pre-history in earlier Japanese art, the term manga in Japan is a word used to refer to both comics and cartooning. Manga as a term used outside Japan refers to comics published in Japan. In Japan, people of all ages read manga, many manga are translated into other languages. Since the 1950s, manga has become a major part of the Japanese publishing industry, representing a ¥406 billion market in Japan in 2007. Manga have also gained a significant worldwide audience, in Europe and the Middle East the market was worth $250 million in 2012. In 2008, in the U. S. and Canada, the market was valued at $175 million, the markets in France. Manga stories are printed in black-and-white, although some full-color manga exist. In Japan, manga are usually serialized in manga magazines, often containing many stories. If the series is successful, collected chapters may be republished in tankōbon volumes, frequently but not exclusively, a manga artist typically works with a few assistants in a small studio and is associated with a creative editor from a commercial publishing company. If a manga series is popular enough, it may be animated after or even during its run, sometimes manga are drawn centering on previously existing live-action or animated films. Manga-influenced comics, among original works, exist in parts of the world, particularly in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan. The word manga comes from the Japanese word 漫画, composed of the two kanji 漫 meaning whimsical or impromptu and 画 meaning pictures, rakuten Kitazawa first used the word manga in the modern sense. In Japanese, manga refers to all kinds of cartooning, comics, among English speakers, manga has the stricter meaning of Japanese comics, in parallel to the usage of anime in and outside Japan. The term ani-manga is used to describe comics produced from animation cels, writers on manga history have described two broad and complementary processes shaping modern manga. One view emphasizes events occurring during and after the U. S, occupation of Japan, and stresses U. S. cultural influences, including U. S. comics and images and themes from U. S. television, film, and cartoons. Regardless of its source, an explosion of artistic creativity certainly occurred in the period, involving manga artists such as Osamu Tezuka. Astro Boy quickly became popular in Japan and elsewhere

12.
Animation
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Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and the illusion of change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of images that minimally differ from each other. The illusion—as in motion pictures in general—is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon, animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Animation can be recorded with either analogue media, a book, motion picture film, video tape, digital media, including formats with animated GIF, Flash animation. To display animation, a camera, computer, or projector are used along with new technologies that are produced. Animation creation methods include the traditional animation creation method and those involving stop motion animation of two and three-dimensional objects, paper cutouts, puppets and clay figures, Images are displayed in a rapid succession, usually 24,25,30, or 60 frames per second. Computer animation processes generating animated images with the general term computer-generated imagery, 3D animation uses computer graphics, while 2D animation is used for stylistic, low bandwidth and faster real-time renderings. An earthen goblet discovered at the site of the 5, 200-year-old Shahr-e Sūkhté in southeastern Iran, the artifact bears five sequential images depicting a Persian Desert Ibex jumping up to eat the leaves of a tree. They may, of course, refer to Chinese shadow puppets, in the 19th century, the phenakistoscope, zoetrope and praxinoscope were introduced. A thaumatrope is a toy with a small disk with different pictures on each side. The phenakistoscope was invented simultaneously by Belgian Joseph Plateau and Austrian Simon von Stampfer in 1831, the phenakistoscope consists of a disk with a series of images, drawn on radi evenly space around the center of the disk. John Barnes Linnett patented the first flip book in 1868 as the kineograph, the first animated projection was created in France, by Charles-Émile Reynaud, who was a French science teacher. Reynaud created the Praxinoscope in 1877 and the Théâtre Optique in December 1888, on 28 October 1892, he projected the first animation in public, Pauvre Pierrot, at the Musée Grévin in Paris. This film is notable as the first known instance of film perforations being used. His films were not photographed, they were drawn directly onto the transparent strip, in 1900, more than 500,000 people had attended these screenings. Stuart Blackton, who, because of that, is considered the father of American animation, in Europe, the French artist, Émile Cohl, created the first animated film using what came to be known as traditional animation creation methods - the 1908 Fantasmagorie. The film largely consisted of a figure moving about and encountering all manner of morphing objects. There were also sections of live action in which the hands would enter the scene. The film was created by drawing each frame on paper and then shooting each frame onto negative film, the author of the first puppet-animated film was the Russian-born director Wladyslaw Starewicz, known as Ladislas Starevich

13.
Collectible card game
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A collectible card game, also called a trading card game or customizable card game, is a kind of card game that first emerged in 1993 and consists of specially designed sets of playing cards. Successful CCGs typically have upwards of thousands of cards, with the first developed. Typically, a CCG is initially played using a deck, or intro deck. This deck may be expanded or modified with cards from booster packs, One of these cards is a rare or unique card that is much harder to obtain than the remaining cards and often has a higher value than the rest. These values can change over time as distribution changes, cards banned in playing formats. Eventually, with cards, players may create new decks from scratch. Despite the dominance of Magic, The Gathering in the CCG market, Pokémon, and Legend of the Five Rings. Other notable CCGs have come and gone, Star Wars, Lord of the Rings, Vampire, The Eternal Struggle, Middle-earth, World of Warcraft, Dragon Ball Z, many other CCGs were produced, but had little or no commercial success. More recently, digital collectible card games have gained popularity, spurred by the success of Hearthstone, while players typically start by purchasing a complete preset starter deck so they can play from the onset, additional cards generally come in the form of randomized booster packs. Cards distribution in such packs are set by a rarity system, due to this nature of publishing, CCGs often have expansions that add more potential cards to the games library, creating new card combinations and often shifting the metagame with the CCG community. The exact definition of what makes a CCG is vague as many games are marketed under the collectible card game moniker. The rudimentary definition requires the game to resemble trading cards in shape and function, be mass-produced for trading or collectibility, the definition of CCGs is further refined as being a card game in which the player uses his own deck with cards primarily sold in random assortments. Acquiring these cards may be done by trading with other players or buying card packs, if every card in the game can be obtained by making a small number of purchases, or if the manufacturer does not market it as a CCG, then it is not a CCG. Terms such as collectible and trading are used interchangeably because of copyrights, CCGs can further be designated as live or dead games. Dead games are those CCGs which are no longer supported by their manufacturers and have ceased releasing expansions, live games are those CCGs which continue to be supported by their manufacturers. Usually this means that new expansions are being created for the game, lCGs are card games that share many of the same characteristics as CCGs, but without the randomized booster packs characteristic of trading cards and CCGs. Other similar card games have been marketed or referred to as CCGs, Collectible Common-Deck Card Games are those games where players do not have their own personal deck, and consequently, no customization of decks occur and no trading or metagame is developed. Non-Collectible Customizable Card Games are those games where each player has their own deck, many of these games are sold as complete sets

14.
Video game
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A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor. The word video in video game referred to a raster display device. Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial, the electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms, examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles. These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices, the input device used for games, the game controller, varies across platforms. Common controllers include gamepads, joysticks, mouse devices, keyboards, the touchscreens of mobile devices, and buttons, or even, with the Kinect sensor, a persons hands and body. Players typically view the game on a screen or television or computer monitor, or sometimes on virtual reality head-mounted display goggles. There are often game sound effects, music and, in the 2010s, some games in the 2000s include haptic, vibration-creating effects, force feedback peripherals and virtual reality headsets. In the 2010s, the game industry is of increasing commercial importance, with growth driven particularly by the emerging Asian markets and mobile games. As of 2015, video games generated sales of USD74 billion annually worldwide, early games used interactive electronic devices with various display formats. The earliest example is from 1947—a Cathode ray tube Amusement Device was filed for a patent on 25 January 1947, by Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann, and issued on 14 December 1948, as U. S. Written by MIT students Martin Graetz, Steve Russell, and Wayne Wiitanens on a DEC PDP-1 computer in 1961, and the hit ping pong-style Pong, used the DEC PDP-1s vector display to have two spaceships battle each other. In 1971, Computer Space, created by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney, was the first commercially sold and it used a black-and-white television for its display, and the computer system was made of 74 series TTL chips. The game was featured in the 1973 science fiction film Soylent Green, Computer Space was followed in 1972 by the Magnavox Odyssey, the first home console. Modeled after a late 1960s prototype console developed by Ralph H. Baer called the Brown Box and these were followed by two versions of Ataris Pong, an arcade version in 1972 and a home version in 1975 that dramatically increased video game popularity. The commercial success of Pong led numerous other companies to develop Pong clones and their own systems, the game inspired arcade machines to become prevalent in mainstream locations such as shopping malls, traditional storefronts, restaurants, and convenience stores. The game also became the subject of articles and stories on television and in newspapers and magazines. Space Invaders was soon licensed for the Atari VCS, becoming the first killer app, the term platform refers to the specific combination of electronic components or computer hardware which, in conjunction with software, allows a video game to operate. The term system is commonly used

15.
Webcomic
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Webcomics are comics published on a website. While many are published exclusively on the web, others are published in magazines. Webcomics can be compared to self-published print comics in that anyone with an Internet connection can publish their own webcomic, readership levels vary widely, many are read only by the creators immediate friends and family, while some of the largest claim audiences well over one million readers. Webcomics range from traditional comic strips and graphic novels to avant garde comics and they sometimes take on the role of a comic blog. There are several differences between webcomics and print comics, with webcomics the restrictions of the traditional newspapers or magazines can be lifted, allowing artists and writers to take advantage of the webs unique capabilities. The freedom webcomics provide allows artists to work in nontraditional styles, clip art or photo comics are two types of webcomics that do not use traditional artwork. A Softer World, for example, is made by overlaying photographs with strips of typewriter-style text, pixel art, such as that created by Richard Stevens of Diesel Sweeties, is similar to that of sprite comics but instead uses low-resolution images created by the artist himself. However, it is common for artists to use traditional styles and layouts. Some webcomics stretch the boundaries of taste, taking advantage of the fact that internet censorship is virtually nonexistent in countries like the United States, Webcomics come in a large variation of formats throughout the world. Comic strips, generally consisting of three or four panels, have traditionally been a format for webcomics. Other webcomics may mimic the pages of comic books and graphic novels. Such a format proved successful in South-Korean webcomics when JunKoo Kim implemented an infinite scrolling mechanism in Line Webtoon in 2004. Some webcartoonists, such as political cartoonist Mark Fiore or Charley Parker with Argon Zark, incorporate animations or interactive elements into their webcomics. The first comics to be shared through the Internet were created in the mid-1980s, services such as CompuServe and Usenet were used before the World Wide Web started to rise in popularity in 1993. Early webcomics were usually derivatives from strips in newspapers, but when the Web became widely popular in the mid-1990s. By the year 2000, various webcomic creators were financially successful, unique genres and styles became popular during this period. In the second half of the 2000s, webcomics became less financially sustainable due to the rise of social media, however, crowdsourcing through Kickstarter and Patreon also became popular in this period, allowing readers to donate money to webcomic creators directly. The 2010s also saw the rise of webtoons in South Korea, in March 1995, Bebe Williams launched the webcomics portal Art Comics Daily, an online gallery of several webcomics

16.
Fantasy
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Fantasy is a fiction genre set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Most fantasy uses magic or other elements as a main plot element, theme. Magic and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds, in popular culture, the fantasy genre is predominantly of the medievalist form. In its broadest sense, however, fantasy works by many writers, artists, filmmakers. Fantasy is studied in a number of disciplines including English and other studies, cultural studies, comparative literature, history. The identifying trait of fantasy is the reliance on imagination to create narrative elements that do not have to rely on history or nature to be coherent. This differs from realistic fiction in that whereas realistic fiction has to attend to the history and natural laws of reality, an author applies his or her imagination to come up with characters, plots, and settings that are impossible in reality. Fantasy has often compared with science fiction and horror because they are the major categories of speculative fiction. Fantasy is distinguished from science fiction by the plausibility of the narrative elements, a science fiction narrative is unlikely, though seeming possible through logical scientific and/or technological extrapolation, whereas fantasy narratives do not need to be scientifically possible. The imagined elements of fantasy do not need an explanation to be narratively functional. Authors have to rely on the suspension of disbelief, an acceptance of the unbelievable or impossible for the sake of enjoyment. Despite both genres heavy reliance on the supernatural, fantasy and horror are distinguishable, horror primarily evokes fear through the protagonists weaknesses or inability to deal with the antagonists. Beginning perhaps with the earliest written documents, mythic and other elements that would come to define fantasy. MacDonald was an influence on both J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis. The other major fantasy author of this era was William Morris, lord Dunsany established the genres popularity in both the novel and the short story form. Many popular mainstream authors also began to write fantasy at this time, including H. Rider Haggard, Rudyard Kipling and Edgar Rice Burroughs. Indeed, juvenile fantasy was considered more acceptable than fantasy intended for adults, nathaniel Hawthorne wrote fantasy in A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys, intended for children, though works for adults only verged on fantasy. Political and social trends can affect a societys reception towards fantasy, in the early 20th century, the New Culture Movements enthusiasm for Westernization and science in China compelled them to condemn the fantastical shenmo genre of traditional Chinese literature

17.
University of Phoenix Stadium
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University of Phoenix Stadium is a multi-purpose football stadium located in Glendale, Arizona, west of Phoenix. It is the home of the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League and it replaced Tempes Sun Devil Stadium as the Valley of the Suns main outdoor stadium. The stadium is adjacent to the Gila River Arena and it features the first fully retractable natural grass playing surface built in the United States on top of an AirField Systems drainage system. It was one of the stadiums for the Copa América Centenario in 2016 and it hosted the NCAA Final Four in 2017. The University of Phoenix acquired the rights in September 2006. The University of Phoenix name is applied as a sponsor, and not as the home stadium of the university. Since moving to Arizona in 1988, the Cardinals had played at Sun Devil Stadium on the campus of Arizona State University, the Cardinals had only planned to play there until a new stadium could be built in Phoenix. However, the savings and loan crisis derailed funding for a new stadium, over time, the Cardinals expressed frustration at being merely tenants in a college football stadium. Lack of having their own stadium denied them additional revenue streams available to other NFL teams, the Cardinals campaigned several years for a new and more modern facility. The 63, 400-seat stadium opened on August 1,2006 after three years of construction, the stadium was designed by Eisenman Architects and HOK Sport. The ceremonial groundbreaking for the new stadium was held on April 12,2003, LED video and ribbon displays from Daktronics in Brookings, South Dakota were installed in 2006 prior to Arizonas first game of the season. The cost of the project was $455 million and that total included $395.4 million for the stadium, $41.7 million for site improvements, and $17.8 million for the land. Contributors to the stadium included the Arizona Sports and Tourism Authority, the Arizona Cardinals, the stadium has 88 luxury suites — called luxury lofts — with space for 16 future suites as the stadium matures. The 25 acres surrounding the stadium is called Sportsmans Park, included within the Park is an 8-acre landscaped tailgating area called the Great Lawn. There are no obstructed view seats in the stadium, there are visible areas in the upper deck of the end zone where seats could have been put in but were not due to the giant super columns supporting the roof structure. The endzone area on the side of the facility where the field tray rolls in, the roof is made out of translucent Bird-Air fabric and opens in 12 minutes. It is the first retractable roof built on an incline. The first preseason game was played August 12,2006 when the Cardinals defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers

18.
Glendale, Arizona
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Glendale /ˈɡlɛndeɪl/ is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, located about nine miles northwest from Downtown Phoenix. According to the 2010 census, the population of the city is 226,721, in the late 1800s what is now known as Glendale, Arizona, was all desert. He completed the canal, which would bring water to the desert land, Murphy was deep in debt, since he had agreed to be paid in Arizona Canal Company stock and bonds and land instead of cash. In 1887, Murphy formed the Arizona Improvement Company and his objective was to sell the land and water rights south of the canal. Murphy had to raise capital from out of state sources in order to meet payroll, Murphy decided to refer to this land as Glendale. In 1891, Burgess Hadsell worked with Murphy to bring 70 Brethren, soon settlers, attracted by the towns ban on alcoholic beverages, continued to arrive. In 1895, Murphy platted the town site and amended the plat to include a town park. It was bounded by Lamar Road on the south, 55th Avenue on the east, Myrtle Avenue on the north, the construction of a railroad from Prescott to Phoenix was made possible with an exchange of the right-of-way made by Murphy along Grand Avenue. The railroad allowed Glendale settlers to transport goods to the north, the construction and commercial applications of the Beet Sugar Factory in 1906, also contributed to the growth of Glendale. Though the operations of the factory lasted until 1913, it played an important role in the increase of immigrant and migrant settlers in the city. City Attorney Craig Tindall resigned his city post in 2013 upon request of the mayor, Tindall was subsequently the subject of an ethics complaint regarding his purported conflict of interest between his work for IceArizona and his Glendale post. He was still receiving city severance pay at the time IceArizona hired him, the complaint was filed by former city councilmember Phil Lieberman. After Tindall resigned from the City of Glendale, a press release announced that he had joined the well-known Phoenix law firm Fennemore Craig, Glendale is located at 33°32′19″N 112°11′11″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 55.8 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 218,812 people,75,700 households, the population density was 3,929.5 people per square mile. There were 79,667 housing units at a density of 1,430.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 75. 54% White,4. 70% Black or African American,1. 45% Native American,2. 74% Asian,0. 13% Pacific Islander,11. 97% from other races, and 3. 47% from two or more races. 24. 84% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,21. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 5. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older

19.
Todd Nauck
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Todd Nauck is an American comic book artist and writer. Nauck is most notable for his work on Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man, Young Justice and his own creation, naucks first assignment from Marvel Comics was writing, penciling and inking Mutant Mishaps, a story that was published on the back cover of What The--. He subsequently wrote and illustrated the Mutant Mishaps story that appeared in What The--, Nauck went on to draw such series as Badrock and Co. New Men, New Force, Supreme, Youngblood and Team Youngblood, by 1997, Nauck began work with DC Comics. After drawing several Legion of Superheroes stories, he helped launch the Young Justice series with writer Peter David, Nauck drew 53 issues of the 55 issue run of the series, including three double-sized issues and a portion of the Young Justice/Spyboy crossover mini-series. Nauck published his series, Wildguard, with Image Comics. Naucks other work includes Teen Titans #32-33, Teen Titans Go, Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man #11-13 and 17-23, American Dream #1-5, Spider-Man, the Clone Saga #1-6, Amazing Spider-Man #628 and the covers for X-Campus #1-4. Naucks art was featured in the season finale of the reality television show Extreme Makeover, Home Edition. They also provided art for the episodes scene transitions, which depicted Ty Pennington, Xzibit. Nauck would continue his work with Marvel Custom Solutions, teaming with writer C. B, cebulski and kitchenware retailer Williams-Sonoma to raise awareness of child hunger for Share Our Strength in Spider-Man and the Avengers #1. The twelve-page story features Edwin Jarvis hosting a cooking demonstration interrupted by the Frightful Four, official website Todd Nauck at the Comic Book DB

20.
Marv Wolfman
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Marvin Arthur Marv Wolfman is an American comic book writer. Marv Wolfman was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of police officer Abe and he has a sister, Harriet,12 years older. When Wolfman was 13, his family moved to Flushing, Queens, in New York City and he went on to New Yorks High School of Art and Design, in Manhattan, hoping to become a cartoonist. Marvin Wolfman was active in fandom before he began his comics career at DC Comics in 1968. Wolfman was one of the first to publish Stephen King, with In A Half-World of Terror in Wolfmans horror fanzine Stories of Suspense #2. This was revised version of Kings first published story, I Was a Teenage Grave Robber, Wolfmans first published work for DC Comics appeared in Blackhawk No.242. He and longtime friend Len Wein created the character Jonny Double in Showcase No.78 scripted by Wolfman, the two co-wrote Eye of the Beholder in Teen Titans No. 18, which would be Weins first professional comics credit, neal Adams was called upon to rewrite and redraw a Teen Titans story which had been written by Wein and Wolfman. The story, titled Titans Fit the Battle of Jericho, would have introduced DCs first African American superhero, but was rejected by publisher Carmine Infantino. The revised story appeared in Teen Titans No.20, Wolfman and Gil Kane created an origin for Wonder Girl in Teen Titans No.22 which introduced the characters new costume. He and artist Bernie Wrightson co-created Destiny in Weird Mystery Tales No,1, a character which would later be used in the work of Neil Gaiman. In 1972, Wolfman moved to Marvel Comics as a protégé of then-editor Roy Thomas, when Thomas stepped down, Wolfman eventually took over as editor, initially in charge of the publishers black-and-white magazines, then finally the color line of comics. Wolfman said in 1981 that, Marvel never gave full commitment to the black-and-white line, No one wanted to commit themselves to the staff. He added, We used to farm the books out to Harry Chester Studios and whatever they pasted up, I formed the first production staff, hired the first layout people, paste-up people. Wolfman stepped down as editor-in-chief in order to more time writing. He and artist Gene Colan crafted The Tomb of Dracula, a comic that became one of the most critically-acclaimed horror-themed comic books ever. During their run on this series, they created Blade, a character who would later be portrayed by actor Wesley Snipes in a film trilogy, Wolfman co-created Bullseye in Daredevil No.131. He and artist John Buscema created Nova in that characters eponymous first issue, Wolfman and Gil Kane adapted Edgar Rice Burroughs Barsoom concepts into comics in Marvels John Carter, Warlord of Mars series

21.
Mesa, Arizona
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Mesa is a city in Maricopa County, in the U. S. state of Arizona, and is a suburb located about 20 miles east of Phoenix. Mesa is the city of the East Valley section of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. It is bordered by Tempe on the west, the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community on the north, Chandler and Gilbert on the south, as of the 2010 Census Mesa became Arizonas center of population. Mesa is the third-largest city in Arizona, after Phoenix and Tucson, the city is home to 439,041 people as of 2010 according to the Census Bureau. Mesa is home to higher education facilities including the Polytechnic campus of Arizona State University. The history of Mesa dates back at least 2,000 years to the arrival of the Hohokam people, the Hohokam, whose name means All Used Up or The Departed Ones, built the original canal system. The canals were the largest and most sophisticated in the prehistoric New World, some were up to 90 feet wide and ten feet deep at their head gates, extending for as far as 16 miles across the desert. By A. D.1100 water could be delivered to an area over 110,000 acres, by A. D.1450, the Hohokam had constructed hundreds of miles of canals many of which are still in use today. After the disappearance of the Hohokam and before the arrival of the early settlers little is known, by the late 19th century near present-day Mesa, U. S. Army troops subdued the Apache opening the way for settlement. Mormon pioneer Daniel Webster Jones led an expedition to found a Mormon settlement in Arizona, leaving St. George, Utah in March 1877, Jones and others arrived at Lehi, an area within the northern edge of present-day Mesa. Jones had been asked by Mormon officials to direct a party of people in establishing a settlement in Arizona. This settlement was known as Jonesville and Fort Utah and did not receive the name of Lehi until 1883. At the same time, another group dubbed the First Mesa Company arrived from Utah and their leaders were named Francis Martin Pomeroy, Charles Crismon, George Warren Sirrine and Charles I. Rather than accepting an invitation to settle at Jones Lehi settlement and they dug irrigation canals, some of which were over the original Hohokam canals, and by April 1878, water was flowing through them. The Second Mesa Company arrived in 1879 and settled to the west of where the First Mesa Company settled in 1880, on July 17,1878, Mesa City was registered as a 1-square-mile townsite. The first school was built in 1879, in 1883, Mesa City was incorporated with a population of 300 people. Dr. A. J. Chandler, who would go on to found the city of Chandler. In 1917, the city of Mesa purchased the utility company, the revenues from the company provided enough for capital expenditures until the 1960s

22.
Greg Ayres
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Greg Ayres is an American voice actor who works on a number of English versions of Japanese anime series at ADV Films, Funimation and Sentai Filmworks. Outside of voice acting, he has worked as a nightclub DJ, mania Exclusive, Interview with Greg Ayres. Archived from the original on December 30,2011, Interview, Greg Ayres and Brina Palencia, pt.2

23.
Cosplay
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Cosplay, a contraction of the words costume play, is a performance art in which participants called cosplayers wear costumes and fashion accessories to represent a specific character. Cosplayers often interact to create a subculture and a use of the term cosplay applies to any costumed role-playing in venues apart from the stage. Any entity that lends itself to dramatic interpretation may be taken up as a subject, favorite sources include manga and anime, comic books and cartoons, video games, and live-action films and television series. The term cosplay is a Japanese portmanteau of the English terms costume, the term was coined by Nobuyuki Takahashi of Studio Hard while attending the 1984 World Science Fiction Convention in Los Angeles. He was impressed by the hall and the fans and reported on both in Japanese magazine My Anime. The coinage reflects a common Japanese method of abbreviation in which the first two moras of a pair of words are used to form an independent compound, costume becomes kosu, Costume parties or fancy dress parties were popular from the 19th century onwards. Most specific costumes described therein are for historical figures although some are sourced from fiction, one of the earliest recorded examples of costuming based on an existing character from popular media were costumes based on A. D. Condos science fiction comic character Mr. Skygack, from Mars, in 1908, a Mr. and Mrs. William Fell attended a masquerade at a skating rink in Cincinnati, Ohio wearing Mr. Skygack and Miss Dillpickles costumes. Shortly after, in 1910, a woman won first prize at masquerade ball in Tacoma. The first people to wear costumes to attend a convention were science fiction fans Forrest J Ackerman, paul and the 1936 film Things to Come, designed and created by Douglas. Ackerman later stated that he thought everyone was supposed to wear a costume at a science fiction convention, although only he and Douglas did. Fan costuming caught on, however, and the 2nd Worldcon, david Kyle won the masquerade wearing a Ming the Merciless costume created by Leslie Perri, while Robert A. W. Lowndes received second place with a Bar Senestro costume. Other costumed attendees included guest of honor E. E. Smith as Northwest Smith and both Ackerman and Douglas wearing their futuristicostumes again, masquerades and costume balls continued to be part of World Science Fiction Convention tradition thereafter. Early Worldcon masquerade balls featured a band, dancing, food, contestants either walked across a stage or a cleared area of the dance floor. Ackerman wore a Hunchbackerman of Notre Dame costume to the 3rd Worldcon in 1941, which included a designed and created by Ray Harryhausen. Douglas wore an Akka costume, the mask made by Harryhausen, to the 3rd Worldcon. Rules governing costumes became established in response to specific costumes and costuming trends, the first nude contestant at a Worldcon masquerade was in 1952 but the height of this trend was in the 1970s and early 1980s, with a few every year. This eventually led to No Costume is No Costume rule, which banned full nudity, mike Resnick describes the best of the nude costumes as Kris Lundi wearing a harpy costume to the 32nd Worldcon in 1974

24.
Memorial Day
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Memorial Day is a federal holiday in the United States for remembering the people who died while serving in the countrys armed forces. It marks the start of the summer vacation season, while Labor Day marks its end. Many people visit cemeteries and memorials, particularly to honor those who have died in military service, many volunteers place an American flag on each grave in national cemeteries. Annual Decoration Days for particular cemeteries are held on a Sunday in late spring or early summer in rural areas of the American South. People gather on the day and put flowers on graves and renew contacts with relatives. There often is a service and a picnic-like dinner on the grounds. It is believed that this practice began before the American Civil War, the practice of decorating soldiers graves with flowers is an ancient custom. Soldiers graves were decorated in the U. S. before, following President Abraham Lincolns assassination in April 1865, there were a variety of events of commemoration. The sheer number of soldiers of both sides who died in the Civil War meant that burial and memorialization took on new cultural significance, under the leadership of women during the war, an increasingly formal practice of decorating graves had taken shape. In 1865, the government began creating national military cemeteries for the Union war dead. The Richmond Times-Dispatch newspaper claimed in 1906 that Warrenton, Virginia, was the location of the first Civil War soldiers grave ever to be decorated, there is also documentation that women in Savannah, Georgia, decorated Confederate soldiers graves in 1862. The 1863 cemetery dedication at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, was, of course, in addition, local historians in Boalsburg, Pennsylvania, claim that ladies there decorated soldiers graves on July 4,1864, and Boalsburg promotes itself as the birthplace of Memorial Day. But more recent researches have also pointed to the birthplace of Confederacy as the location of the first post-war Memorial Day type observance, but in 2012 Blight stated that he has no evidence that the event in Charleston inspired the establishment of Memorial Day across the country. Accordingly, Snopes labels Blights claims mostly false, despite this ongoing lively debate, there is an official birthplace. On May 26,1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the presidential proclamation naming Waterloo, New York, Snopes also regards the Waterloo legend as apocryphal. Logan issued a proclamation calling for Decoration Day to be observed annually and it was observed for the first time that year on Saturday May 30, the date was chosen because it was not the anniversary of any particular battle. According to the White House, the May 30 date was chosen as the date for flowers to be in bloom. Memorial events were held in 183 cemeteries in 27 states in 1868, the northern states quickly adopted the holiday

25.
Hyatt
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Hyatt Hotels Corporation is an American multinational owner, operator, and franchiser of hotels, resorts, and vacation properties. The Hyatt Corporation came into being upon purchase of the Hyatt House, at Los Angeles International Airport, as of September 30,2016, Hyatt has 679 properties in 54 countries. In 2017, Fortune magazine listed Hyatt as the 32nd-best U. S. company to work for, the original owners were entrepreneurs Hyatt Robert von Dehn and Jack Dyer Crouch, after a few years, Von Dehn sold his share in the hotel to entrepreneur Jay Pritzker. Jays younger brother Donald Pritzker also took on an important role in the company, over the following decade, acquisitions were made, and Hyatt became the fastest-growing hotel chain in the United States. Donald died in 1972, Jay continued to run the company, in 1969, Hyatt opened its first hotel outside the United States, the Hyatt Regency Hong Kong. In 1980 the Grand Hyatt and Park Hyatt brands were introduced, Hyatt runs resort hotels, starting with the Hyatt Regency Maui in 1980. As of 30 November 2015 Hyatt had over 627 hotels worldwide, in 1972 Hyatt formed Elsinore Corporation, a subsidiary to operate the Four Queens Hotel and Casino and the Hyatt Regency Lake Tahoe Resort, Spa & Casino. After Hyatt became a company in 1979, Elsinore was spun off as a public company. The company opened the Playboy Hotel and Casino as a joint venture with Playboy Enterprises, on June 30,2009, Global Hyatt Corporation changed its name to Hyatt Hotels Corporation. Blackstone had inherited AmeriSuites from its 2004 acquisition of Prime Hospitality, the AmeriSuites chain was rebranded and called Hyatt Place, a competitor to the limited-service products Marriott Internationals Courtyard by Marriott and Hilton Worldwides Hilton Garden Inn. In December 2005 Hyatt acquired limited service company Summerfield Suites from the Blackstone Group, Blackstone had inherited Summerfield Suites from its purchase of Wyndham International. In August 2009 it was reported that Hyatt Hotels Corporation filed plans to raise up to $1.15 billion in a share sale. That November Hyatt completed a public offering and began trading publicly on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol H. According to the filing Mark S. Hoplamazian was to serve as CEO, the public offering is a result of the acrimonious breakup of the Pritzker family empire. As of 31 December 2014 Hyatt Corporations worldwide portfolio consisted of 587 properties, on September 1,2011, Hyatt acquired Hotel Sierra, which has 18 properties in 10 states. Along with Hyatt Summerfield Suites hotels, several of these properties were rebranded as Hyatt house in January 2012, Hyatt Hotels Corporation operates several chains. The Human Rights Campaign awarded the company 100% in the HRC Equality Index for eight consecutive years, the Hyatt Regency brand is the oldest brand in the company, with the Grand Hyatt and Park Hyatt brands being introduced in 1980. Some of these are styled as resort properties, and may have spas or other recreational facilities, other brands include Hyatt Place, designed as a limited service offering for business travelers

26.
Leonard Nimoy
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Leonard Simon Nimoy was an American actor, film director, photographer, author, singer and songwriter. He was known for his role as Spock of the Star Trek franchise, foreshadowing his fame as a semi-alien, he played Narab, one of three Martian invaders, in the 1952 movie serial Zombies of the Stratosphere. The character has had a significant cultural impact and garnered Nimoy three Emmy Award nominations, TV Guide named Spock one of the 50 greatest TV characters. After the original Star Trek series, Nimoy starred in Mission, narrated Civilization IV, and made several well-received stage appearances. He also had a role in the science fiction series Fringe. Nimoys public profile as Spock was so strong that both of his autobiographies, I Am Not Spock and I Am Spock, were written from the viewpoint of sharing his existence with the character, in 2015 an asteroid was named 4864 Nimoy in his honor. In September 2016, For the Love of Spock, a documentary that covered his life. Leonard Simon Nimoy was born on March 26,1931, in the West End of Boston, Massachusetts and they reunited after arriving in the United States. His mother, Dora, was a homemaker, and his father, Max Nimoy and he had an elder brother, Melvin. He also began acting at the age of eight in a childrens, Nimoy also realized he had an aptitude for singing, which he developed while a member of his synagogues choir. His singing during his bar mitzvah at age 13 was so good that he was asked to repeat his performance the week at another synagogue. He is still the only man I know whose voice was two bar mitzvahs good and his first major role was at 17, as Ralphie in an amateur production of Clifford Odets Awake and Sing. Which dealt with the struggles of a matriarchal Jewish family similar to his during the Great Depression, playing this teenage kid in this Jewish family that was so much like mine was amazing, he said. The same dynamics, the tensions in the household. The role lit a passion that led him to pursue an acting career, I never wanted to do anything else. Shatner notes that Nimoy also worked on radio shows for children, often voice acting Bible stories, adding, Obviously. Many years later as Captain Kirk, I would be busy rescuing civilizations in distress on distant planets while Leonards Mr. Spock would be examining the morality of man– and alienkind. Nimoy took drama classes at Boston College, and after moving to Los Angeles and he took method actor Marlon Brando as a role model, and like him, wore jeans and T-shirt

27.
George Takei
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George Hosato Takei is an American actor, director, author, and activist of Japanese descent. Takei is best known for his role as Hikaru Sulu, helmsman of the USS Enterprise in the television series Star Trek and he also portrayed the character in six Star Trek feature films and one episode of Star Trek, Voyager. Takeis involvement in media has brought him fresh attention. As of February 2017, his Facebook page has over 10 million likes since he joined in 2011, Takei is a proponent of LGBT rights and is active in state and local politics. He has won awards and accolades in his work on human rights and Japan–United States relations. His father was an Anglophile, and named him George after King George VI of the United Kingdom, whose coronation took place in 1937, shortly after Takeis birth. In 1942, the Takei family was forced to live in the horse stables of Santa Anita Park before being sent to the Rohwer War Relocation Center for internment in Rohwer. The family was transferred to the Tule Lake War Relocation Center in California. George Takei had several relatives living in Japan during World War II, among them, he had an aunt and infant cousin who lived in Hiroshima who were both killed during the atomic bombing that destroyed the city. In Takeis own words, my aunt and baby cousin found burnt in a ditch in Hiroshima, at the end of World War II, Takei and his family returned to Los Angeles. He attended Mount Vernon Junior High School, where he served as student body president at Los Angeles High School and he was a member of Boy Scout Troop 379 of the Koyasan Buddhist Temple. Upon graduation from school, Takei enrolled in the University of California. Later he attended the University of California, Los Angeles, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in theater in 1960 and he attended the Shakespeare Institute at Stratford-upon-Avon in England, and Sophia University in Tokyo, Japan. In Hollywood, he studied acting at the Desilu Workshop, Takei began his career in Hollywood in the late 1950s, providing voiceover for characters in the English dub of the Japanese monster films Godzilla Raids Again a. k. a. Gigantis the Fire Monster, for the latter of which he recalled, here was one word that we had difficulty getting the meaning of. The Japanese word was bakayaro, which means stupid fool, the director, Takei said, had him use the phrase banana oil. He went on to appear in the television series Playhouse 90. He guest starred in the season fifth episode of Hawaiian Eye Thomas Jefferson Chu

28.
Stan Lee
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Stan Lee is an American comic-book writer, editor, publisher, media producer, television host, actor, and former president and chairman of Marvel Comics. In addition, he challenged the comics industrys censorship organization, the Comics Code Authority, Lee subsequently led the expansion of Marvel Comics from a small division of a publishing house to a large multimedia corporation. He was inducted into the book industrys Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame in 1994. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 and his father, trained as a dress cutter, worked only sporadically after the Great Depression, and the family moved further uptown to Fort Washington Avenue, in Washington Heights, Manhattan. When Lee was nearly 9, his sibling, brother Larry Lieber, was born. He said in 2006 that as a child he was influenced by books and movies, by the time Lee was in his teens, the family was living in a one-bedroom apartment at 1720 University Avenue in The Bronx. Lee has described it as an apartment facing out back, with he and his brother sharing a bedroom. Lee attended DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx, in his youth, Lee enjoyed writing, and entertained dreams of one day writing the Great American Novel. He graduated from school early, aged 16½ in 1939. With the help of his uncle Robbie Solomon, Lee became an assistant in 1939 at the new Timely Comics division of pulp magazine, Timely, by the 1960s, would evolve into Marvel Comics. Lee, whose cousin Jean was Goodmans wife, was hired by Timely editor Joe Simon. His duties were prosaic at first, in those days dipped the pen in ink, I had to make sure the inkwells were filled, Lee recalled in 2009. I went down and got them their lunch, I did proofreading, Lee later explained in his autobiography and numerous other sources that he had intended to save his given name for more literary work. This initial story also introduced Captain Americas trademark ricocheting shield-toss, which became one of the characters signatures. He graduated from writing filler to actual comics with a feature, Headline Hunter, Foreign Correspondent. Lees first superhero co-creation was the Destroyer, in Mystic Comics #6, other characters he created during this period fans and historians call the Golden Age of comics include Jack Frost, debuting in USA Comics #1, and Father Time, debuting in Captain America Comics #6. When Simon and his creative partner Jack Kirby left late in 1941, following a dispute with Goodman, Lee entered the United States Army in early 1942 and served in the US in the Signal Corps, repairing telegraph poles and other communications equipment. He was later transferred to the Training Film Division, where he worked writing manuals, training films, and slogans and his military classification, he says, was playwright, he adds that only nine men in the US Army were given that title

29.
Pilgrim of Eternity
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It is an unofficial sequel to the original TOS episode Who Mourns for Adonais. It was written by Steve Frattarola and Jack Treviño, from a story by Jack Marshall & Vic Mignogna, Enterprise are investigating mysterious energy drains from power stations, when they encounter an alien artifact, which begins to draw power from the ship. They are forced to destroy the artifact to save themselves, however Spock detects two life forms on it, the two forms then materialize on the bridge, one of which is the alien known historically as the Greek god Apollo. The crew had previously dealt with him only a couple of years prior and he says he was exposed to the energy draining properties of the Realm, the destroyed structure, built to ensure immortality, but which had malfunctioned and killed all the others of his race. He professes at first to no longer wish to have humanity worship him again, when Captain Kirk demands to speak with him about his behaviors, he uses his psychic powers on the captain and others to try to enforce worship. The new ships counselor, who had begun to be enamored of Apollo, Apollo is taken to the sickbay again, this time under restraint. Spock surmises that Apollo is incapable of controlling his desire to be worshiped by force, Apollo surprises the crew by requesting that Dr. McCoy operate to remove the organ which gives his race the power to convert human worship to life energy. The operation is a success, but it leaves Apollo in a weakened condition. No consensus can be made on his desire to live out his days on a planet of humans. Meanwhile, the remains of the Realm are still causing difficulties, scotty comes up with a method to remove the remains, using an electromagnetic pulse, but while doing so, Uhura is gravely wounded from an electrostatic shock, and dies while in sickbay. Apollo, witnessing this, gets up from his bed and places his hands over Uhura, though he collapses upon completion, he recovers with more energy than he had prior to surgery. The chief crew now agree to place Apollo on a planet with humanoid forms, as with all such Star Trek fan productions, permission to use copyrighted and trademarked properties from the original series were allowed so long as the production was not-for-profit. Mignogna asked the actor to reprise his role of Apollo in a sequel to Who Mourns for Adonais. The production of Pilgrim of Eternity was funded by Mignogna, principal photography started in Los Angeles with exteriors and green screen, while photography of the Enterprise set followed at the Farragut Films facility in Kingsland, Georgia. On January 30,2013, it was announced that the filming was completed, the Canadian theatrical premiere was on June 1,2013 at the Lost Episode Festival Toronto. Pilgrim of Eternity has received positive reviews, many of which highlighted the quality of the production. Slice of SciFi wrote, They have certainly raised the bar for independent Star Trek episodic film making and SyFys Blastr wrote, none of them look like this. Other reviewers praised the resemblance between the episode and the original look-and-feel of TOS, phil Plait wrote on Slate, I have to say, I quite enjoyed this

30.
Star Trek Continues
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Star Trek Continues is a fan-created non-canon web series set in the Star Trek universe produced by a non-profit charity — Trek Continues Inc. — and Dracogen. As with all such Star Trek fan productions, use of copyrighted and trademarked properties from the series is allowed so long as the production is non-commercial. A portion of the necessary to produce the episodes was raised through successful Kickstarter and Indiegogo campaigns. Star Trek Continues won a Webby Award for Peoples Choice - Long Form Drama in 2016, a Geekie Award for Best Web Series in 2014, and numerous Telly and Accolade awards. The series has been positively received by critics, who have praised the quality of the production. Several past members of the Star Trek cast and crew have expressed support for the project, the first episode, Pilgrim of Eternity, features Jamie Bamber as well as original series guest actor Michael Forest reprising his role as Apollo. For the second episode, Lolani, Lou Ferrigno appears as Zaminhon, Daniel Logan appears as Ensign Tongaroa, Erin Gray appears as Commodore Gray, recurring cast member Cat Roberts also joined the series as of this episode. Episode six, Come Not Between the Dragons, guest-starred Gigi Edgley of Farscape fame, episode eight, Still Treads the Shadow, featured Rekha Sharma. A facility of 9,600 square feet was acquired in Kingsland, Georgia, to host the sets of the Enterprise, that were built from the original soundstage blueprints. On March 23,2012, Farragut Films announced the official cast of the series that, among professionals, included Chris Doohan, son of James Doohan. Mignogna and the production team recreate the style of the series in its sets, cinematography, costumes, acting. They also duplicate the structure used in the original because of the need for commercial breaks. They primarily use the original incidental music, as well as the original theme song. They film the episodes in 4,3 aspect ratio to duplicate the original series TV format, the first episode, Pilgrim of Eternity, premiered at Phoenix Comicon in May 24,2013 and was released to the public the same day. Lolani, the episode, finished shooting in November 2013, with guest stars Lou Ferrigno. The episode was released online in February 2014 after premiering at Dallas Sci-Fi Expo in Dallas, Texas, episode three, Fairest of Them All, began principal photography that month, with a premiere at Supanova 2014 in Sydney, Australia in June 2014. Pre-production on the episode of the series, The White Iris, began in November 2014. The fifth episode premiered on September 25,2015 at Salt Lake Comic Con followed by a release on the following day

31.
Punisher
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The Punisher is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by writer Gerry Conway and artists John Romita Sr. and Ross Andru, the Punisher made his first appearance in The Amazing Spider-Man #129. The Punisher is a vigilante who employs murder, kidnapping, extortion, coercion, threats of violence and his familys killers were the first to be slain. A war veteran and a United States Marine Corps Scout Sniper, Frank Castle is a master of arts, stealth tactics, guerrilla warfare. The Punishers brutal nature and willingness to kill him a novel character in mainstream American comic books in 1974. In feature films, Dolph Lundgren portrayed the Punisher in 1989, as did Thomas Jane in 2004, jon Bernthal portrays the character in the second season of Marvels Daredevil as a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Bernthal is set to reprise the role in The Punisher, his own self-titled series, the Punisher was conceived of by Gerry Conway, writer of The Amazing Spider-Man, who helped design the characters distinctive costume. I had done that with the Punisher at Marvel, Conway had drawn a character with a small deaths head skull on one breast. Marvel art director John Romita, Sr. took the design, blew the skull up to huge size. Amazing Spider-Man penciller Ross Andru was the first artist to draw the character for publication, and I mentioned that I didnt think we could ever have a comic book where the hero would be called the Assassin, because theres just too much of a negative connotation to that word. And I remembered that, some time ago, I had had a relatively unimportant character. Was one of Galactus robots, and I had called him the Punisher, and, since I was the editor, Gerry said, Okay. Appearing for the first time in The Amazing Spider-Man #129, the Punisher was initially an antagonist of the titular hero and he is portrayed as a bloodthirsty vigilante who has no qualms about killing gangsters, something that most superheroes of the time refrain from doing. J. Jonah Jameson describes him as the most newsworthy thing to happen to New York since Boss Tweed, in this appearance, the Punisher is determined to kill Spider-Man, who is wanted for the apparent murder of Norman Osborn. The Punisher is shown as a fighter, a master marksman. All he reveals himself is that he is a former U. S. Marine. He has a fierce temper but also signs of considerable frustration over his self-appointed role of killer vigilante. Spider-Man, who is no stranger to such torment, concludes that the Punishers problems made his own seem like a birthday party

32.
Jason David Frank
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Jason David Frank is an American actor and professional mixed martial artist notable for his portrayal of Tommy Oliver, the original Green Ranger, in multiple seasons of Power Rangers. Frank originally auditioned for Mighty Morphin Power Rangers in the pilot for the role of Jason and he later tried out again in 1993 when he was 19, and was cast in the role of Tommy, the Green Ranger. His character later became the White Ranger, Frank was supposed to be the lead character Adam Steele in VR Troopers and shot a pilot episode before being called back to Power Rangers. According to both Frank and Brad Hawkins, Hawkins character was to replace Tommy originally as the White Ranger on Power Rangers, however, due to Tommys popularity with Ranger fans, Frank was brought back, with Tommy becoming the White Ranger. Hawkins would take over on VR Troopers, the character Adam Steele was renamed Ryan Steele. After three seasons Mighty Morphin Power Rangers became Power Rangers Zeo, the transition is part of the annual Ranger suit change to match the annual change of the Super Sentai series. Franks character became the Red Zeo Ranger, the following year in Power Rangers Turbo, he became the first Red Turbo Ranger. During mid-season Frank and fellow cast members Johnny Yong Bosch, Nakia Burrise, after he left the series in 1997, Frank came back to Power Rangers as Zeo Ranger V Red in 2002 for the special 10th anniversary episode, entitled Forever Red, in Power Rangers Wild Force. He then reprised his role in 2004 in Power Rangers Dino Thunder, during his time as the Black Dino Ranger he was always shown in long-sleeved shirts to cover his tattoos on his arms. This was also the case during Forever Red of Wild Force, being the Black Dino Ranger was a favor to Douglas Sloan. He has joked that Saban and Disney are both the same, theyre cheap but that he was impressed with the crew for Dino Thunder. Frank reprised his role as Tommy Oliver in the finale of Power Rangers Super Megaforce. Frank has expressed interest in developing a Green Ranger solo series or feature film after an encounter with Stan Lee at a book convention. On November 13,2013, Bat in the Sun released an episode of Super Power Beatdown, on May 5,2015, Frank appeared on Bat in the Suns Super Power Beatdown series as the Green Ranger and defeated Street Fighters Ryu. After success with the, Super Power Beatdown series, Bat in the Sun began developing a web reality series of Jason David Frank titled My Morphing Life, as of 2015, the show began airing season 2. Frank also appears near the end of 2017s Sabans Power Rangers as a cameo, however, on June 28,2003, he was inducted into the World Karate Union Hall of Fame. Frank appeared at the Arnold Classic on February 29,2008, in Columbus, Frank also has an interest in mixed martial arts. He was scheduled to fight against Ron The Badger McMasters on June 23,2007, at the Williamson County Pavilion in Marion, on August 21,2009, Frank officially announced his signing with SuckerPunch Entertainment, a sports marketing and management company specializing in MMA

33.
San Diego Comic-Con
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San Diego Comic-Con International is a multi-genre entertainment and comic convention held annually in San Diego, California. The name, as given on its website, is Comic-Con International, San Diego and it is a four-day event held during the summer at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego. On the Wednesday evening prior to the opening of the event, there is a preview for professionals, exhibitors. Comic-Con International also produces two other conventions, WonderCon, held in Los Angeles, and the Alternative Press Expo and it is also the home of the Will Eisner Awards. In 2010, it filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with more than 130,000 attendees, the convention was founded in 1970 by Shel Dorf, Richard Alf, Ken Krueger, Mike Towry, Barry Alfonso, Bob Sourk, and Greg Bear. Detroit, Michigan-born, comics fan Shel Dorf, had, in the mid-1960s, mounted the Detroit Triple-Fan Fairs, one of the first commercial comics-fan conventions. When he moved to San Diego, California, in 1970, he organized a convention on March 21,1970. Dorf went on to be associated with the convention as president or manager, variously, Alf co-chaired the first convention with Krueger and became chairman in 1971. Following the initial gathering, Dorfs first three-day San Diego comics convention, other locations in the conventions early years included the El Cortez Hotel, the University of California, San Diego, and Golden Hall, before being moved to the San Diego Convention Center in 1991. I was quietly walking the floor stunned and in awe of just how much bigger it really was, the convention is organized by a panel of 13 board members,16 to 20 full-time and part-time workers, and 80 volunteers who assist via committees. Comic Con International is an organization, and proceeds of the event go to funding it, as well as the Alternative Press Expo. The convention logo was designed by Richard Bruning and Josh Beatman in 1995, in September 2010, the convention announced that it would stay in San Diego through 2015. In 2015, working with Lionsgate, a channel was created to host Comic-Con related content. According to the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau, the convention has a regional economic impact of $162.8 million. Along with panels, seminars, and workshops with comic book professionals, there are previews of upcoming feature films, like most comic-book conventions, Comic-Con features a large floorspace for exhibitors. These include media companies such as studios and TV networks, as well as comic-book dealers. And like most comics conventions, Comic-Con includes an area, as well as the Artists Alley where comics artists can sign autographs. Despite the name, artists alleys can include writers and even models, academics and comic industry professionals annually hold the Comics Arts Conference at Comic-Con, presenting scholarly studies on comics as a medium

34.
Salt Lake Comic Con
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Salt Lake Comic Con is a biannual multi-genre fan convention held in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. It is produced by Dan Farr and Bryan Brandenburg under Dan Farr Productions in partnership with MediaOne of Utah, the first convention took place at the Salt Palace Convention Center in Salt Lake City. The second event, Salt Lake Comic Con FanXperience, took place in April 2014, since then, the main Salt Lake Comic Con event has been held at the beginning of September each year, and the FanXperience event has been held at the beginning of the year. The third event, Salt Lake Comic Con 2014, took place on September 4–6,2014, the event was sold out with over 120,000 attendees and was closed down on several occasions by the fire marshal for safety reasons. The fourth event, the second annual FanXperience, was called Salt Lake Comic Con FanXperience 2015, ticket sales were capped at 50,000, with attendance measuring just above that, ensuring a more streamlined event. The fifth event, Salt Lake Comic Con 2015, took place on September 24–26,2015, the sixth event and the third annual FanXperience, Salt Lake Comic Con FanXperience 2016, took place on March 24–26,2016 at the Salt Palace Convention Center. The seventh event, Salt Lake Comic Con 2016, took place on September 1–3,2016, the eighth event and the fourth annual FanXperience, Salt Lake Comic Con FanX2017, took place on March 17–18,2017. The ninth event, Salt Lake Comic Con 2017, is scheduled to take place on September 21–23,2017, the first Salt Lake Comic Con was held September 5–7,2013 and was produced by Dan Farr Productions. Originally, it was planned to be held at the South Town Exposition Center in Sandy, Utah, ticket sales continued to increase especially after announcements of special guests like Adam West, William Shatner, and Stan Lee. On Saturday, September 7,2013, over 70,000 people attended with ticket sales that exceeded 50,000, celebrities and organizers including Kevin Sorbo, Lou Ferrigno, Claire Coffee, Dan Farr, and Bryan Brandenburg were invited to meet with Governor Gary Herbert. The attendance made the 2013 Salt Lake Comic Con the largest inaugural Comic Con in North America, according to Salt Lake Comic Con officials, between 70,000 and 80,000 people attended on Saturday before tickets sold out. Salt Lake Comic Con FanXperience, the first of two Salt Lake Comic Con events in 2014, took place on April 17–19,2014. On July 25,2014 San Diego Comic-Con International sent Salt Lake Comic Con a cease, Salt Lake Comic Con organizers responded to this stating that San Diego Comic-Con International threatening Salt Lake Comic Con could lead to other Comic Cons being affected. Salt Lake Comic Con responded with a press release citing their legal position and unwillingness to comply to the cease, Salt Lake Comic Con 2014, the second Salt Lake Comic Con event in 2014, took place on September 4–6,2014. The event was out with over 120,000 attendees and was closed down on several occasions by the fire marshall for safety reasons. Salt Lake Comic Con broke its own record as the convention in Utah. Salt Lake Comic Con FanXperience 2015, the first of two Salt Lake Comic Con events scheduled for 2015, took place on January 29–31,2015. This was the first Salt Lake Comic Con event to place during the winter months in Utah

35.
NASA
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President Dwight D. Eisenhower established NASA in 1958 with a distinctly civilian orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science. The National Aeronautics and Space Act was passed on July 29,1958, disestablishing NASAs predecessor, the new agency became operational on October 1,1958. Since that time, most US space exploration efforts have led by NASA, including the Apollo Moon landing missions, the Skylab space station. Currently, NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is overseeing the development of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, the agency is also responsible for the Launch Services Program which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for unmanned NASA launches. NASA shares data with various national and international such as from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite. Since 2011, NASA has been criticized for low cost efficiency, from 1946, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics had been experimenting with rocket planes such as the supersonic Bell X-1. In the early 1950s, there was challenge to launch a satellite for the International Geophysical Year. An effort for this was the American Project Vanguard, after the Soviet launch of the worlds first artificial satellite on October 4,1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. This led to an agreement that a new federal agency based on NACA was needed to conduct all non-military activity in space. The Advanced Research Projects Agency was created in February 1958 to develop technology for military application. On July 29,1958, Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, a NASA seal was approved by President Eisenhower in 1959. Elements of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency and the United States Naval Research Laboratory were incorporated into NASA, earlier research efforts within the US Air Force and many of ARPAs early space programs were also transferred to NASA. In December 1958, NASA gained control of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA has conducted many manned and unmanned spaceflight programs throughout its history. Some missions include both manned and unmanned aspects, such as the Galileo probe, which was deployed by astronauts in Earth orbit before being sent unmanned to Jupiter, the experimental rocket-powered aircraft programs started by NACA were extended by NASA as support for manned spaceflight. This was followed by a space capsule program, and in turn by a two-man capsule program. This goal was met in 1969 by the Apollo program, however, reduction of the perceived threat and changing political priorities almost immediately caused the termination of most of these plans. NASA turned its attention to an Apollo-derived temporary space laboratory, to date, NASA has launched a total of 166 manned space missions on rockets, and thirteen X-15 rocket flights above the USAF definition of spaceflight altitude,260,000 feet. The X-15 was an NACA experimental rocket-powered hypersonic research aircraft, developed in conjunction with the US Air Force, the design featured a slender fuselage with fairings along the side containing fuel and early computerized control systems

36.
Cheltenham Science Festival
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The Cheltenham Science Festival is one of the UKs leading science festivals, and is part of Cheltenham Festivals, also responsible for the Jazz, Music and Literature Festivals that run every year. The youngest of the Cheltenham Festivals, the Cheltenham Science Festival was first held in 2002, grayling, Tony Robinson and Richard Hammond. In 2014 the guest directors were BAFTA winning naturalist Steve Backshall and radio, the Cheltenham Science Festival aims to engage in entertaining, challenging and deliberately discussing controversial issues and experiences. A main feature of the festival is the Discover Zone, billed as Interactive Science for all ages, it is a free interactive exhibition space that takes up the main space of Cheltenhams Town Hall. FameLab was set up in 2005 by Cheltenham Science Festival in partnership with NESTA, in Famelab, contestants give short presentations unaided by slides on an area of science, technology, engineering or mathematics that they have been researching. They aim to give their presentation in a way that engages the general public, Famelab has regional heats in its participating countries, followed by national finals and then the international finals taking place every year at Cheltenham Science Festival. In 2007, the competition was adopted by the British Council as one of its flagship science engagement projects, by 2010, Famelab expanded to include 14 nations across Europe, Asia and Africa, setting the stage for a growing global phenomenon. In 2015 the competition operated in 30 locations including the USA via NASA,29 of which participated in finals in June 2015. The International Grand Final at the Cheltenham Science Festival in June 2015 was streamed on the internet throughout the world, former Material World radio presenter Quentin Cooper was compere during the final. Famelab International 2014 was won by Pádraic Flood, originally from Ireland, there have also been invited comedians like Robin Ince. Also new - the Talking Point - a place to continue debates, the year 2008 saw the creation of SciFest, the International Science Festival, held in St Louis USA. Relationships - Including between humans and the planet and humans and urban spaces, the ExperiTent was introduced this year which was used for hands-on workshops aimed at schools and families. Frank Burnet Kathy Sykes David Puttnam - Film producer Other Worlds - Including developing countries, extreme environments, frank Burnet Kathy Sykes Robert Winston Perception This year saw the introduction of a Guest Director who programmes events related to their area of interest and expertise. The first two years saw events taking place in the Cheltenham Town Hall and the Everyman theatre. This year, the Everyman was not used and instead The Arena, frank Burnet Kathy Sykes Time and Space - Including exploring the cosmos, the science of ageing and the past and future of our planet. Frank Burnet Kathy Sykes The Cheltenham Science Festival is one of the four festivals that Cheltenham Festivals run each year, combined with the Jazz, Music and Literature Festivals, Cheltenham Festivals host over 700 events across 12 months

37.
Brian Posehn
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Posehn was born and raised in Sacramento, California. He is of German and Irish descent, Posehn graduated from Sonoma Valley High School in 1984. He attended college at Sacramento State University, Posehn began with guest appearances and mainly small roles in TV shows. He was on 28 episodes of Mr. Show with Bob and David, in a 1996 episode of Friends, he delivered the manuscript in which Joey Tribbianis soap opera character Dr. Drake Ramoray is killed off. He appeared as two different characters in NewsRadio, a fan with questions for Jimmy James at a reading. In the Seinfeld episode The Burning, he played a patient and his character was instructed to act out to a group of medical students how a surgeon left a sponge in him post surgery. Posehn also wrote the Space Ghost, Coast to Coast episode Cahill with Ben Karlin and he appeared on 29 episodes of the NBC series Just Shoot Me. He played the voice of Jim in Mission Hill on the WB, on an Adult Swim production, Aqua Teen Hunger Force, he voiced the Wisdom Cube in the 2003 episode The Cubing. Posehn performed the voice of Gibbons, a man, on several episodes of the Cartoon Networks Tom Goes to the Mayor. He also appeared in the 2005 pilot for The Showbiz Show with David Spade, in a segment called The Nerd Perspective, in which he gave a scathing criticism of MTV and he also played a mortician in several episodes of Comedy Centrals Reno 911. He was featured on the 2005 documentary series The Comedians of Comedy on Comedy Central and Showtime. He was in a 2007 episode of the improv series Thank God Youre Here on NBC and was a celebrity judge on the revived 1970s game show The Gong Show with Dave Attell, on Comedy Central. He co-stars on The Sarah Silverman Program with Steve Agee as a gay couple who is friends with Silverman and he played himself in the episode Spagett of Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job. In 2012 he co-wrote the fourth season of Metalocalypse, Posehn voices the character of Murray, a robot, in Rob Zombies animated The Haunted World of El Superbeasto. He also voiced the character Hayashi in the English dub of Pom Poko, in 2002, Posehn appeared on Comedy Central Presents, followed by the release of 2005s The Comedians of Comedy, a documentary/live special chronicling a 2004 small-club comedy tour he participated in. The film was followed up by a series on Comedy Central of the same name. Posehns debut comedy album Live In, Nerd Rage was released in 2006 and he participated in the Comedy Lineup of the 2008 Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival, which included Louis C. K. Posehn performed as part of the Rock N Roll Comedy set with Jim Norton, during his 2008 routine on Comedy Central Presents he referred to his Wikipedia article, which he supposedly vandalized

38.
Myq Kaplan
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Myq Kaplan is an American stand-up comedian. Born Michael Kaplan in Livingston, New Jersey, he is based in Boston, Kaplan received his bachelors degree from Brandeis University in 2000 and a masters degree in linguistics from Boston University. While a student at Boston University in 2005, he won its funniest student contest, Kaplan tours North America regularly and has performed over 1,000 shows at comedy clubs. He was a semifinalist in the 2006 Boston Comedy Festival and in the 2006 Seattle Comedy Competition and he was one of nine finalists in Comedy Centrals 2007 Open Mic Fight competition. In 2008, a poll by Bostons The Phoenix named him Local Comedian of the Year. He took part in Montreals Just for Laughs comedy festival in 2009, Myq Kaplan has appeared on Comedy Centrals Live at Gotham and in promotional work for the network. He has been featured on ABC News Now, on December 16,2009, he performed for the first time on The Tonight Show. Kaplan also appeared as a contestant on the competition TV series Last Comic Standing during the summer 2010 and he placed fifth in the competition. He is also a frequent guest on long running comedy podcast Keith, Kaplan hosts his own podcast Hang Out with Me. On April 30,2010, his Comedy Central Presents special aired on Comedy Central, Myq Kaplans comedy album Vegan Mind Meld was released April 27,2010, and his second album, Please Be Seated was released in 2012. In August 2014, Myq Kaplans one-hour standup special entitled Small, Dork, on February 14,2014 Kaplan was the first guest on Ken Reids TV Guidance Counselor Podcast. On January 31, he was the first guest on Bombing with Mike Dorval, where he talked about his joke writing, Kaplan was also a contestant on the tenth season of Americas Got Talent. He was eliminated in the Quarterfinals, Kaplan is also a musician, primarily as a guitarist and vocalist. He is a vegan, polyamorous and once described himself as atheistic

39.
Star Wars
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Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It depicts the adventures of characters a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away. The franchise began in 1977 with the release of the film Star Wars and it was followed by the successful sequels The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, these three films constitute the original Star Wars trilogy. A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, which received mixed-to-negative reactions, a sequel trilogy began in 2015 with the release of Star Wars, The Force Awakens. All seven films were nominated for Academy Awards and have been successes, with a combined box office revenue of over $7.5 billion. Spin-off films include Star Wars, The Clone Wars and Rogue One, Star Wars also holds a Guinness World Records title for the Most successful film merchandising franchise. In 2015, the value of the Star Wars franchise was estimated at USD $42 billion. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm for $4.06 billion and earned the rights to all subsequent Star Wars films. Walt Disney Studios owns digital distribution rights to all the Star Wars films, the events depicted in the Star Wars franchise take place in an unnamed fictional galaxy at an undetermined point in the distant past. Many species of creatures are depicted. Robotic droids are also commonplace and are built to serve their owners. Space travel is common, and many planets in the galaxy are members of a single galactic government. In the prequel trilogy, this is depicted in the form of the Galactic Republic, at the end of the trilogy and throughout the original trilogy. Preceding and during the trilogy, this government is the New Republic. One of the prominent elements of Star Wars is the Force and it is described in the first produced film as an energy field created by all living things surrounds us, penetrates us, binds the galaxy together. While the Force can be used for good, known as the side, it also has a dark side that, when pursued, imbues users with hatred, aggression. The sequel trilogy introduces the Knights of Ren, an order of practitioners of the side of the Force aligned with the First Order. The first film in the series, Star Wars, was released on May 25,1977 and this was followed by two sequels, The Empire Strikes Back, released on May 21,1980, and Return of the Jedi, released on May 25,1983

40.
David Ramsey
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David Ramsey is an American actor, best known for his roles in the Showtime TV series Dexter as Anton Briggs, the film Mother and Child as Joseph, and the CW show Arrow as John Diggle. Ramsey was born in Detroit, Michigan and he graduated from Wayne State University. From 1997 to 1998, he starred in the UPN sitcom Good News, in 2000, he starred as Muhammad Ali in the Fox television movie Ali, An American Hero. That year, he appeared in Pay It Forward and started a role in For Your Love. In 2001, he starred as Vince Lee in the South African comedy film Mr Bones and he has also starred in recurring roles in All of Us, The West Wing, CSI, Crime Scene Investigation, Ghost Whisperer, Wildfire, and Hollywood Residential. In 2008 to 2009, he appeared in 17 episodes of Dexter as Anton Briggs, in 2010, he appeared in an episode of Greys Anatomy and in the short-lived NBC courtroom drama series Outlaw. Ramsey is a martial artist, with a black belt in jeet kune do. He has also studied boxing and tae kwon do, and trained in kickboxing under Benny Jet Urquidez, official website David Ramsey at the Internet Movie Database David Ramsey on Twitter

41.
Colin Baker
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Colin Baker was born in Waterloo, London, England. He moved north to Rochdale with his family when he was three years old and he was educated at St Bedes College, Manchester, and originally studied to become a solicitor. At the age of 23, Baker enrolled at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, one of Bakers first acting jobs, in 1970, was a supporting role in a BBC adaptation of Jean-Paul Sartres trilogy The Roads to Freedom. In 1972 he played Anatole Kuragin in a BBC serial adaptation of War and his most prominent role in the 1970s was as the villainous Paul Merroney in The Brothers, a role that he played from 1974 to 1976. In the final episode of Fall of Eagles, Baker appeared as Crown Prince Willy of the German Empire and he also guest-starred as Bayban the Butcher in a 1980 episode of Blakes 7. In 1983 he featured in a BBC production of A. J, Baker made his first appearance in Doctor Who as Commander Maxil in the story Arc of Infinity. Producer John Nathan-Turner described Bakers performance as being quite arch and a little sassy, Maxil was one of the few characters actually to shoot the Doctor, then played by Peter Davison. At the time of Bakers casting as Davisons successor he was the actor portraying the Doctor to have appeared in the television series as another character prior to taking on the leading role. When Baker was cast to replace Davison, many fans cited that shooting scene in Arc of Infinity and he is no relation to Tom Baker, who previously played the Fourth Doctor in Doctor Who. Bakers first appearance as the Doctor occurred at the final minutes of The Caves of Androzani, the closing title sequence for episode four features Bakers face instead of Peter Davison and credits him as the Doctor before Davisons own credit. This was the first time that the new lead received top billing in the story of an outgoing Doctor. Baker then made his first full debut the following week in The Twin Dilemma. It was the first time since 1966, and only the time in the series history. Bakers era was interrupted by an 18-month hiatus which was announced in February 1985, one new Doctor Who story, Slipback, was made on radio during the hiatus. The Controller of BBC1 at the time, Michael Grade, criticised Doctor Who, saying that the programme had become overly violent, the programme returned for its 23rd season in September 1986. Season 23 featured a reduction in episodes produced, and the 14-episode-long serial The Trial of a Time Lord and this serial was a meta-textual reference to the fact that the series itself was on trial at this time. In 1986 Baker told an interviewer, Tom Baker did it for seven years, theres a part of me which likes to have a tilt at records. I would like to think that maybe Id still be doing it in eight years time, later that year Baker was dismissed from the part at the insistence of BBC management, who wanted to refresh the show

42.
Michael Biehn
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Michael Connell Biehn is an American actor. He is primarily known for his roles in science fiction films directed by James Cameron. Kyle Reese in The Terminator, Cpl, dwayne Hicks in Aliens and Lt. Coffey in The Abyss. He was nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Actor for Aliens and his other films include The Fan, K2, Tombstone, The Rock, Megiddo, The Omega Code 2 and Planet Terror. On television, he has appeared in Hill Street Blues and Adventure Inc, Biehn was born in Anniston, Alabama, the second of three children of Marcia and Don Biehn, a lawyer. He is of part German descent, when he was young, he moved with his family to Lincoln, Nebraska, and then to Lake Havasu, Arizona, where he was a member of the high school drama club before graduating. He attended the program at the University of Arizona, where he was a member of the Sigma Nu Fraternity before moving to Hollywood. Michael Biehn got his start in movies with a bit part in the version of Grease in 1978. He appears in two scenes, in the more memorable of which John Travoltas character, Danny, hits Biehns uncredited character in the stomach while playing basketball. In 1981, he played a stalker in The Fan, at the time the film was shot, he was in his mid-20s, victim Lauren Bacall was more than 30 years his senior. After a few films, Biehn played Kyle Reese, a sergeant sent back in time by John Connor to save his mother, Sarah Connor. He starred in two films directed by James Cameron, Aliens and The Abyss, and had a small role in Terminator 2. In an early draft of Alien 3 written by William Gibson, Biehns character Hicks was to become the protagonist, however, Walter Hill and David Giler penned the final script, which had Hicks killed off in the opening scene. Biehn, upon learning of his characters demise, demanded and received almost as much money for the use of his likeness in one scene as he had paid for his role in Aliens. Biehn reprised the role of Hicks by voicing the character in Aliens, Biehn played the role of Johnny Ringo in Tombstone with the showdown scene with Val Kilmer as Doc Holiday. He also starred in three TV series including the CBS drama The Magnificent Seven, the Tribune Entertainment syndicated TV series Adventure Inc. all three shows were subsequently cancelled because of low ratings. Biehn, who said he was encouraged by Robert Rodriguez while on the set of Planet Terror to make his own film, has produced, written, directed and starred in The Victim, the year before he was the first director on The Blood Bond. His first wife was actress Carlene Olson, whom he married on July 11,1980 and they had twin sons, Devon and Taylor and divorced in 1987

43.
Johnny Yong Bosch
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John Jay Bosch, known as Johnny Yong Bosch, is an American actor, martial artist and musician. Noby Nobi in Doraemon, Yu Narukami in the Persona 4 series, Yukio Okumura in Blue Exorcist and he is the front man of the band Eyeshine. Bosch is located in Los Angeles and does most of his work at Bang Zoom. Entertainment, Animaze, New Generation Pictures, Studiopolis, and on some occasions travels to Dallas to record shows for Funimation. In the Viz Media dubbing of Sailor Moon and the newer Sailor Moon Crystal, he voices Artemis, Bosch was born in Kansas City, Missouri, and raised in Garland, Texas. His father was a soldier in the Army and met his mother while stationed in South Korea and he was interested in martial arts at an early age, inspired by martial arts movies and Bruce Lee. He taught himself martial arts at first, mimicking moves from Lee as well as Jackie Chan and he said he was ridiculed a lot when he was young and became a bully, but made a change for the better after studying kung fu. In addition to training in arts, in which he won several competitions. Bosch auditioned for the Power Rangers show in Dallas when he was informed by his martial arts instructor, in 1994, he landed the role of Adam Park, the new Black Power Ranger, in the second season of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. Bosch said that when he got the part, he changed his name to Yong. For the feature film Power Rangers, The Movie, he did all of his stunts after his stuntman had broken his leg and he also noted that among all the different animal characters the Rangers got to be associated, his was associated to a frog. In Power Rangers Zeo, Boschs character became a Green Ranger and his final regular stint in the franchise was in Power Rangers Turbo, where his character passes his Green Turbo Ranger powers to a new member. He played Park in the feature film Turbo, A Power Rangers Movie. In looking back at his acting for the show, Bosch said that Power Rangers was a lot of fun but it was a show and very cheesy because of it. Plus, I didnt know squat about acting then and his best friends on the set included Jason David Frank, Jason Narvy and Nakia Burrise. He and Narvy also starred in the film Wicked Game, also known as Extreme Heist and he is cast in the upcoming sci-fi action movie The Order, which features many former Power Rangers actors. Bosch voiced Vash the Stampede in Trigun as his first job and for various Japanese anime, including notably Bleach as Ichigo Kurosaki, in 2006, he worked once again with Koichi Sakamoto on the film Broken Path. In 2007, Bosch co-starred alongside Ray Park in a comic-book style action film, among other works, Bosch also voiced Lelouch Lamperouge in Code Geass in 2008 and Izaya Orihara in Durarara in 2011

The Phillip Darrell Duppa adobe house was built in 1870 and is the oldest known house in Phoenix. The homestead is named after "Lord" Darrell Duppa, an Englishman who is credited with naming Phoenix and Tempe as well as founding the town of New River.

Star Wars is an American epic space opera media franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It …

George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars, the director of A New Hope and the prequel trilogy, and the script supervisor of both the original and prequel trilogies. His work in the original film earned him Academy Award nominations, for best director, screenplay and film. In 2014, Lucas ceased creative involvement with the franchise.

The main cast members of the original Star Wars trilogy, who reprised their characters in supporting roles on the sequel trilogy; from left: Carrie Fisher, Mark Hamill, and Harrison Ford (SDCC, July 2015).

Lawrence Kasdan co-wrote The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, The Force Awakens and Solo: A Star Wars Story.

John Williams composed the scores for the original trilogy, the prequel trilogy, The Force Awakens and The Last Jedi.