Sample Answers are offered below

As previously you are recommended to commit as much to writing as possible. It helps to ‘lock things into the brain’! As before, the following are only a selection of possible answers. Advice on using a ‘passive conjunction’ is discussed in a later lesson.

How does one remember which correlative ending is which? Some use these –

Here is the complete table of Esperanto’s so-called “correlatives” – a relatively simple way to remember a whole set of words, most but not all of which are very important. The extra labels are to assist in learning them. To ‘create’ any of the words just take one of the 5 beginnings across the top – in blue. Now add one of the endings in the final column on the right – in red. Each correlative has an “i” in the middle or in one set (as “i” is itself a beginning) at the start of the word.

ĉi–Universalevery

ki–Questionwhat

i–Indefinitesome

neni–Negativeno

ti–Specificthat

ĉiaall / every kind

kiawhat kind

iasome kind

neniano kind of

tiathat kind / such

–aKind (adjective)

ĉial

for every reason

kialwhy

ialfor some reason

nenialfor no reason

tialso / for that reason

–alReason

ĉiamalways

kiamwhen

iamsometime

neniamnever

tiamthen

–amTime

ĉieeverywhere

kiewhere

iesomewhere

nenienowhere

tiethere

–ePlace

ĉielin all ways

kielhow

ielsomehow

nenielin no way

tielthat way / so

–elWay, Manner

ĉieseveryone’s

kieswhose

iessomeone’s

neniesnoone’s / nobody’s

tiesthat one’s

–esPossession

ĉioeverything

kiowhat (thing)

iosomething

nenionothing

tiothat (thing)

–oThing (noun)

ĉiomevery bit of it / all

kiomhow much

iomsome quantity / somewhat

neniomnone / no amount

tiomthat much

–omQuantity

ĉiu everyone

kiuwho / which

iusomeone / some / anyone

neniunobody / none

tiuthat (one)

–uPerson / Individual

–a (kind)

–al (reason)

(every) ĉ–

–am (time)

(what) k–

–e (place)

(some)

–i–

–el (way)

(no) nen–

–es (one’s)

(that) t–

–o (thing)

–om (quantity)

–u (individual)

Another way of looking at ‘creating correlatives’ is to choose one ‘beginning’ from the first column below. Secondly add -i- which coming in the ‘middle’ always precedes an ending. Thirdly, choose one ‘ending’ from the last column. You have again ‘created’ a complete correlative.

So you only need to learn 5 ‘beginnings’, 1 ‘middle’ and 9 ‘endings’ (15 ‘bits’ in total) to learn 45 words – not bad value! Most of them are very useful and common. You may be able to guess which of them are not often used! Note these words cannot be disassembled and the ‘bits’ used separately. The bits are not roots. Rather, each complete ‘correlative’ is a root, a basic idea in the language. When it makes sense, correlatives can take endings such as ‘o’ and ‘a’. e.g. ‘kialo’ means ‘a reason’, ‘iamo’ means ‘some unknown time’, ‘kioma’ means ‘how many-th’, ‘tien’ means ‘towards / into that place’.