Sociology Exam

IntroductionSociology-Development of human society and how it works Anthropology-Social science that studies human culture, how it worksPsychology-Personal development, feelings, thoughts

Anthropology Theories-Records field notes to analyzeStructural Functionalism- Society functions based on institutions and needsCan be used to study cultures and routines we are unsure of.

Psychology Theories- Conducts experiments on humans,animalsBehaviourism- Parenting is important as it moulds children into adults.Playing songs to babies, see if they respond to it as children

Sociology Theories- Setting up and conducting interviewsFeminist Theory- Womens point of view are more important. Men have made most choices which favour themselves. Women haven't been in power enough. If there were no longer capitalism what would views of women be, research can be done to see if oppression ends.

Social Change- Changes in the way society is organized, and the beliefs and practices of the people who live in itQuestions in a perspective Anthropological- What idea's or explanations can we use to describe what causes cultures to change?Psychology- What factors make behaviour-modification programs successful? Sociology- Have the changes been beneficial or detrimental?

Hippies- Opposed to mainstream political thinking. Pure artistic or political. Against religion practices and conformity. First to realize the organic fuel dilemma.Conditions of Social ChangeDiscovery- Finding out something that is previously unknownInvention-Creating something new in society

Conditions that Impede Social ChangeCultural lag-Being unable to adapt to the changing culture and technologyTechnological Stress- Being unable to adapt to advancing technology

Poverty/Affluence- Social change is influenced by poverty and affluence in our society. When countries are engulfed by poverty, there are people who travel to help them. There are also people to take advantage of poverty as as the drug company in the Constant Gardener. Affluence is wealth, which also contributes to social change. The media heavily shows that money equals happiness. These ads appeal to many people and often times changes the way that they think or their goals. Povetry and Affluence have a strong impact in society.

Conformity/Alienation- Conformity helps social change because people follow the norm and its roles benefiting society. For example. attneding school. It hinders social change because if everyone agree's with the set rules nobody will find the flaws of society and it wont improve. Alienation helpes social change as people often accomplish more when they are on their own. Alienation hinders social change as people will be without the guidance of others.

Technological Change- Increasing technology creates stress because it is often expensive but required to obtain. In many jobs, technology must be understood for the job to function, which creates stress. It also causes stress to young adults because they may feel the need to buy something to be accepted by others.

Values/Social change- What?Social TrendsDemography- Study of people often quantitative using stats analysis to draw deductions about said population. Stats- Births/Deaths, disease, marriage, growth, density, distribution, vital stats, Geography, Structure, Development. Children of the Baby Boomers are the biggest force of social change

Population pyramids- Shows the change of the population

Baby Boom Effects- 1946-1964 The baby boomers over populated cities bigger nad more institutions were needed to be made. More universities such as York and Brock were made to educate these people. More jobs were needed and competitions was tough for the baby boomers as there were so many of them. As they age we need more workers in the medical area to care for them. However, the have been living longer and healthier. When they die their funds will be given to their children, playing a large role for the echo boom to play. The baby boomers will retire and their jobs must be replaced by the new generations.

Causes of Baby Boom- Men who fought in WWII came home and wanted families immediately. Sometimes there spouses were called war brides. The sexual revolution occurred and many families had children. Gender roles came into effect as the wife would stay at home while the husband worked. Immigrants left there countries and moved to North America wanting jobs, skilled and unskilled.

Echo Boom-1982-2001- High costs for education. More family breakdowns. Very interested in technology. We are more accepting, we care about the environment.

Culture Fecundity+Fertility- Fertility is actual reproduction. A woman is fertile if she has born, bearing offspring. Fecundity denotes the ability to reproduce. Once a girl reaches menarche she is fecund. This impacts the culture because this alters the population.

Racism- Negative attitudes and accompanying behaviour based on assumption that one raace in inherently superior to anotherPrejudice- A set of opinions, attitudes,feelings that unfairly cast a group and its members in a negative light without legit reasons Genocide- The most extreme form of systematic discrimination, by which deliberate attempts are made by authorities at mass murder of any nation, ethnic, racial, or religious groupDiscrimination-Inequit treatment of people based on their race, gender, nationality, language, faith, sexual orientationSystematic Discrimination-Describes a system that favours one or some groups over others in terms of hiring, benefits, promotions, and pay increases

Understanding race and cultural impact-

Hate Crimes, how they are made- Anger is at individuals, hatred is at groups, and the person does not feel repentance for acts of hatred because a person really aims to negate the object of his or her intense feelings.

Essay on hate crimes

There are many variations of hate, with historic events to source. Hatred can develop from a stereotype towards a certain race, religion, or ethnic group. Hatred varies from simple favouritism, to verbal abuse, to even murder. Discrimination, prejudice, racism, all build up a hatred that can develop into something dangerous. Often times someone who represents someone apart of a group they are instantly seen as an enemy. Four characteristics of hate crimes are intense and personal, based on prejudice and power, and a national hatred.

The hatred is intense and impersonal. This hatred is not the same as a strong anger directed at someone with a past rivalry. In most cases the perpetrator targets unknown people, who represent, or seem to represent the hated group. The Columbine massacre shooters only aimed mostly at kids who were wearing sport attire. They wanted revenge on jocks because they were the ones who bullied them most. This hatred is directed at people who represent a person or group that were a previous enemy.

The hatred is based on prejudice and power. Unattended stereotypes can eventually evolve into prejudice. Discriminatory actions can follow, but only when the prepetrators have some power of authority or physcial advantage over the intended victim or victims. The Columbine killers used an arsenal of guns and pipe bombs to terrorize students. The attackers had the upper hand because everyone was fearing for their life and did not dare to fight back since there were two armed young men. The students either hid or tried to escape, they were defenseless, as the killers had the suprise attack.

Genocide is an expression on national hatred. This is the most extreme form of systematic discrimination, by which deliberate attempts are made by authorities at mass murder of any national, ethnical, racial, or religious group. The holocaust is the worst case of racial cultural genocide the world has known in terms of the number of lives lost. Hitler blamed all of his struggles on the jews and brainwashed Germany into his common hatred. Tien an min square was also a genocide against every one in that location as they were depriving themselves of basic needs and the government ordered soldiers to attack.Differentiation QuestionsDependancy load- A measure of the population w/o jobs. Kids, old ppl, Dependancy ratio- A measure of the population with jobs