Personalized modeling and metabolic measurements identified altered GSH and NAD+ metabolism as a prevailing feature in NAFLD. These findings suggested a potential treatment strategy for NAFLD patients based on increased oxidation of fat and increased synthesis of GSH.

Synopsis

Personalized modeling and metabolic measurements identified altered GSH and NAD+ metabolism as a prevailing feature in NAFLD. These findings suggested a potential treatment strategy for NAFLD patients based on increased oxidation of fat and increased synthesis of GSH.

We developed personalized genome‐scale metabolic models for NAFLD patients.

We found that altered GSH and NAD+ metabolism is a prevailing feature in NAFLD.

Plasma and liver levels of glycine and serine were lower in NAFLD patients.

Supplementation of precursors for glutathione and NAD+ decreased HS in mice.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Bacterial metabolism constrains the evolution of antibiotic resistance. A modeling approach is developed to interpret the functionality of metabolic rewiring in resistance‐evolving E. coli growing on glycolytic or gluconeogenic carbon sources from metabolomics data.

Synopsis

Bacterial metabolism constrains the evolution of antibiotic resistance. A modeling approach is developed to interpret the functionality of metabolic rewiring in resistance‐evolving E. coli growing on glycolytic or gluconeogenic carbon sources from metabolomics data.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Transient transcriptome sequencing (TT‐seq) maps the dynamic landscape of enhancer transcription with great sensitivity and temporal resolution during the immediate T‐cell response. Changes in transcription from enhancers and promoters occur simultaneously within minutes.

Synopsis

Transient transcriptome sequencing (TT‐seq) maps the dynamic landscape of enhancer transcription with great sensitivity and temporal resolution during the immediate T‐cell response. Changes in transcription from enhancers and promoters occur simultaneously within minutes.

TT‐seq is used to analyze the immediate T‐cell response and maps eRNAs and mRNAs with high sensitivity.

TT‐seq identifies many new primary response genes.

Changes in transcription from enhancers and target promoters occur simultaneously within minutes.

Transcription from promoters and enhancers is correlated and distance‐dependent.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Frequent resource fluctuation can result in the collapse of a community of a sulfate reducer and methanogen. A single regulatory mutation in the sulfate reducer can prevent collapse, demonstrating that extensive regulation can be detrimental in a highly fluctuating environment.

Synopsis

Frequent resource fluctuation can result in the collapse of a community of a sulfate reducer and methanogen. A single regulatory mutation in the sulfate reducer can prevent collapse, demonstrating that extensive regulation can be detrimental in a highly fluctuating environment.

Conditional gene regulation required for adapting to new environments can become detrimental and lead to population collapse when resource fluctuations are too frequent.

The underlying mechanism for population collapse traces back to regulation‐driven dilution of essential cellular components.

The energetic cost of restoring function, therefore, becomes progressively more burdensome to a point that is unsustainable.

The collapse can be rescued by disruption of conditional regulation of essential transcripts and proteins.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This Review discusses the application of proteomics approaches to the analysis of host–pathogen interactions, including anti‐ and pro‐pathogenic cellular responses. It also highlights integrative omics methods for obtaining a systems‐level understanding of infectious diseases.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.