endometriosis – where the tissue that lines the womb (endometrium) is found outside the womb, such as in the ovaries and fallopian tubes (although this is more likely to cause painful periods)

adenomyosis – when tissue from the womb lining becomes embedded in the wall of the womb; this can also cause painful periods

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) – an infection in the upper genital tract (the womb, fallopian tubes or ovaries) that can cause symptoms like pelvic or abdominal pain, bleeding after sex or between periods, vaginal discharge and fever

endometrial polyps – non-cancerous growths in the lining of the womb or cervix (neck of the womb)

cancer of the womb – the most common symptom is abnormal bleeding, especially after the menopause