Annotated to this major work: THREE key elements to establish a clearer understanding of language.Original PREFACE, CONTENTS , ... Index.

Ideas & thoughts. Substance & attributes. Conscious & unconscious.

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The first provides an insight to mind reading... Namely the nature of ideas & thoughts, where expressions if understood as ideas and thoughts, indicate the truer inner state of thinking by the person using language both consciously & unconsciously, the latter being more prominent in those who have not studied the subject matter. See 16 here. The immediacy of intent is often more visible than prepared texts where context is represented .

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Grammar & function provides insight to language as a tool with similar properties to the scientific use of a polygraph, and the later use of brain fingerprinting.

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For the relationship between the thoughts and their objects in fact rather than thought isolated from fact. See 28 here. Truth or falsity in language, for me, is the 1 to 1 Aristotelian correspondence between word & fact – its bijection in a Venn or Euler elemental mapping. This distinction requires the use logic, to observe & disambiguate the imperfections of language. See s26 here. Passing Logic O & A level 45 years ago, helped me prevail in each court case I instigated, without any interest on financial gain, on logical principles.

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I shall demonstrate a court case where a simple generic construction, combined with my one question to the defendant, ended the hearing within the time it took to ask & respond to that question.

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Briefly my specific question rendered the Defendant inarticulate when it contradicted his generic, meaning of course truth in fact & falsity in fiction reduced Aristotle's age-old fallacy of composition to a level of cognitive dissonance – Leon Festinger 1957 – as the result.

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When expressions are used consciously & unconsciously in a wider or narrower sense, extending or narrowing (generalizing or specializing), they become tools for concealing / hiding or revealing / disclosing. They are used to limit the scope of natural reason-- in an actual situation – to force conclusions within a framed semantic sequence of words in a text. See 513 here.

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Of course such expressions in text requires the observance of certain rules of grammar in writing, which are generally disregarded by using informal natural speech in formal text, where the distinction is deliberately blurred by a conversational language.

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A simple example below c). of the very serious change made without this distinction is direct & indirect narration, the latter being used fraudulently. This is unclear from the original text, but reasons shows it to be a direct result of this subject matter. See 297 here.

“John said [that] he was going for a swim”... that is often elliptic to further blur this distinction, sometimes without the quotes, John said he was going for a swim – the way of natural expression in a real situation – , replacing that – the relative pronoun - does not alter the sense, being structural. Whereas if I now replace the quotes observe how the pronoun must change with consequently the meaning.

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“John said he was going for a swim.” where he refers to someone other than John!

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Now one can easily observe that indirect narration is one ideal device for persuasion fraudulently because it allows one a system of morphing the meaning into another contextual frame by its author. The distinction between fact mood & thought mood is:

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Whenever a dispute is in progress, you will observe this in unambiguous usage, when your disputant rarely IF EVER, uses your original language exactly, the ad litteram rule.

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The last thing they do in progressing their GAINS & your LOSSES, is to use your language, and commonly in a court traversal, the average person will say: “He twisted what I said”, and THIS is one method of doing precisely that.

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Another persuasion form, is due to the distinction between fact form and thought form being levelled so far as to render them almost indistinguishable. Fact forms are used in place of thought forms, see 306 &307 here., which is a serious confabulation with even a small phrase containing pre-suppositions which assume the antecedentbe true which is often the matter in dispute.

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Recognising this requires careful linguistic scrutiny, but once you have acquired the ability, it shall probably never leave you.

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A major argument of this type was by Anselm – the Ontological argument for the existence of God – in the 11th century. As belief systems like those of Christianity are overtaken by systems where certain elements are replaced by the abstract notions of Justice then similar forms of these arguments are used for their proven effectiveness.

Here a a few lines showing the nature of this book. To see the entire sentence of paragraph, load the pdf or txxt file, copy a few words & then searh that phrase.

11198: 285. Some languages have special inchoative tenses to }11212: as only attempted. Those languages which have not special }11252: difficult to compare the tenses of one language with those of }11458: dicate. Thus, if a language has special forms to express }11608: ferent kinds of statement in language . When there are only }11610: two moods in a language to express statements, a fact-mood }11618: languages have special moods to distinguish different kinds of }11624: primarily to express wish, which in such languages as Latin }11660: spoken language the only distinction that is still kept up is }11784: 303. As might be expected, we find that in language }14116: In some languages prepositions follow, instead of preceding }14278: is equivalent to the instrumental case of those languages }14378: are you speaking ? being confined to the literary language. It }14400: in the literary language would become you are the very man }14716: of a conjunction is attended, in English as in other languages, }14932: substituted in the spoken language. Likewise and as well }15130: substituted in the spoken language, has the meaning ' if }15270: which so is substituted in the spoken language : it is getting }15290: prepared. In languages which favour correlation, such as }15310: the spoken language : they took away the knife lest he should }19292: Hence many languages which generally put an assumptive }19296: emphatic. It is evident that in a language which admits }19318: surprised to find that different languages have different prin- }19330: flected language as we see by comparing the comparatively }19344: 556. Primitive language consisted, then, of series of full- }19352: foreign language. In time, however, certain combinations }19418: words. All primitive languages show a great variety of such }19422: more definite and fixed as the language develops. When a }19458: 559-1 HISTORY OF LANGUAGE. 197 }19474: he will come, have occurred in all primitive languages. }19576: the full words. Thus in a primitive language there would }19634: 566.] HISTORY OF LANGUAGE. 199 }19664: 564. Many primitive languages marked the predicate }19672: languages all over the world. We can still see the primitive }19770: Relations of Languages to one another. }19776: origin of language that wherever human beings are gathered }19780: bility of that community developing a language of its own. }19788: nected languages. But as civilization increased, and it be- }19790: came necessary to use single languages over wider areas, an }19792: immense number of languages spoken only by small and }19800: 569. The difference between languages is not always the }19808: 571-1 HISTORY OF LANGUAGE. 2O1 }19814: language bears a more or less close resemblance to certain }---------------------------------This section is taken from A text-book of Logic, by Arthur E. Davies. 1915.I have never been able to dispossess myself of the belief that the older logic00079: in some measure had enabled me to understand what the newer logic had to say. for some time to come logic will continue, in the main, to be traditional,00121: and that books of logic will have to conform to the requirements that are determined by that fact.Aristotle defined logic and formulated many of its methods in a way00100: that has given life to the subject for over two thousand years00415: THE PROBLEM OF LOGIC. 00427: Logic and the Knowledges 900429: The Subject-Matter of Logic. 10 00431: Logic as Scientia Scientiarum 1100433: The Humanistic Influence in Logic 12 00435: Relation of Logic to Psychology 1400437: Logic as an Art 16 00439: What Logic is 18 00567: The Logic of Negation 14900629: What is Meant by Logical Division 191 00637: Rules of Logical Division 20000881: Logical Significance of Statistical Methods 389 00909: The Logical Character of Analogy 41101090: THE PROBLEM OF LOGIC 01102: logic. Meanwhile, we shall discuss a number of01104: of the problem of logic, and each of which will con- 01109: of which logic, in all its various stages 01124: 2 A TEXT-BOOK OF LOGIC 01161: THE PROBLEM OF LOGIC 301198: 4 A TEXT-BOOK OF LOGIC 01235: THE PROBLEM OF LOGIC 501272: 6 A TEXT-BOOK OF LOGIC 01309: THE PROBLEM OF LOGIC 701326: There are three that, from the logical standpoint, 01346: 8 A TEXT-BOOK OF LOGICCaught at COURT, 2017. Cabot Financial Ltd, Wright & Hassall LLP & Sainsbury’s V Winter1 hour hearing in which they were exposed with just three false representations of 20 that doubled with their, 10 months late, witness statement of a claim with NO verification & NO evidence. See the case here, 10 Monthsof careful tactics to defeat the court process.Here is what they SAY, that is contradicted by what they DO.

This web site is designed to provide those readers; intending to proceed with a claim while unfamiliar with the courts, some guidance on avoiding a few pitfalls following the inevitable asymmetry of information between themselves as perhaps lay claimants, and professional solicitors and barristers.Brief Introduction lower down this page.For any person interested in law, who has a predilection for Shakespeare as I have a passion, it’s great wonder that he was not a lawyer, else must have had considerable contact with the law. Throughout his plays, you will find terms used at law today, that were well founded in all of Shakespeare’s writings some 400 years ago.Egregious, wilful, negligence, true, false, misprision, promise, breach, contract, composition, mercy, redemption, and so on, the list is endless., Measure for Measure is likely the best one to begin with., not only being full of such language, but a perfect model for the art of precisely reasoned retribution.It is not intended to deprecate the genuine professional, except those who use the aforesaid asymmetry to abuse due process, present biased evidence, suppress truth (suppresio veri) and suggest falsities (suggestio falsi). The author has been aware for some time, that lowering standards of evidence in court, have licensed unscrupulous solicitors or legal representatives to indulge in perjury, misrepresentation and all forms of Machiavellian ethics to either get a case dismissed, or else search for some CPR (Civil Procedure Rule) to bring the case to a close without having it properly heard. Following the genuineness of pre-trial procedures, you will have already determined whether the additional presence of legal representation may indicate the opposing litigant is relying on the ‘cloak’ of concealment to advance their case. If you have no problem with telling the truth, then it is unlikely you need legal council if you are prepared to research a little. There is a well known calculation in advanced mathematics proving that two plus two equals five! Some legal council will prove this to be the case rather than two plus two equals four! A solicitor; unlike most barristers who proceeds in this fashion, commits:...

A Valid argument for integrityA challenge for the many who try to lie in court

"The law against it! But that her tender shameWill not proclaim against her maiden loss,How might she tongue me! Yet reason dares her no;For my authority bears a so credent bulkThat no particular scandal once can touchBut it confounds the breather." (ii) ***A Fallacy (appeal to Authority) ( I am - titled, and I work for a large company )

“All is not well.I doubt some foul play. Would the night were come!Till then sit still, my soul. Foul deeds will rise,Though all the earth o'erwhelm them, to men's eyes."(iii) ***

A valid argument for patience, allowing time , nature and logical rationalisation to mature, eventually displaying the full design and purpose intended by the tortfeasor.""

The underlying intentions behind such procedures are to do with lower standards of behaviour and integrity.The strategy is one of malfeasance and nonfeasance under the guise of omissions excused as oversights.Laws of Logic, Laws of Thought