1.Student has incorrect concept of serve sequence to gain speed or spin.
2.Student is preoccupied with getting into the net quickly.
3.Student does not understand the concept of speed/spin ratio.

If #1 - Full leg extension upwards with full arm extension upwards and
higher contact point - "Hit up to hit down". Probably will need a higher
toss or contact ball at a higher point. Higher contact point reduces
margin of error.

If #2 - Correct speed/spin ratio will get you further into the court(or
cause a float return) if you want a first volley. Flat serve will give
you more speed and higher probability of weaker return, but less
probability of hitting a volley. Heavy spin serve gives you higher
margin of error and more time to get in, but opponent has more time to
set up the return.

If #3 - The most successful servers have high ratios of speed to spin.
This ratio can only be created if the contact on the ball is for a
longer period of time than for a predominant speed or predominant spin
serve -

Assume ball is a clock face -

Total speed serve(flat)- contact ball on the nose of clock.

Total spin serve- contact ball at 1:00

Best Choice - Half Spin/Half speed serve - Contact ball at 7:00 and
brush up through 1:00 - "hit up to hit down".
Serving action will involve the timing of the pronation of forearm(for
speed) with the extension of the triceps(brushing up for spin).

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