Bonding Concept Map

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Transcript of Bonding Concept Map

BONDING MOLECULAR GEOMETRY HOW TO IDENTIFY BOND TYPES Valence Electrons VSEPR Theory: "Valence Shell Electron PairRepulsion". This is the repulsion between electronpairs produces shapes with electron pairs as farapart as possible.Lone pairs of electrons take up more space thanbonding electrons.Molecules adjust their shapes to keep lone pairsof electrons as far apart as possible frombonding electrons. METALLIC BONDING IONIC BONDING COVALENT BONDING Based on conductivity, solubility, and melting point,the type of bond a substance has can be identified.

Ex) NaCl-high melting point-metal and a non-metal bonded-soluble in water-conducts electricity when in the aqueous phaseNaCl has an ionic bond The outermost electron shell of an atom.They are the electrons involved in bonding. the electrostatic attractionthat binds oppositely charged ions together. A bond formed by the sharingof electrons between atoms. the force of attraction that holdsmetals together; it consists ofthe attraction between free-floatingvalence electrons for positivelycharged metal ions. IONS Positively or negativelycharged atoms. The goal is to have a full outer shell of 8 electrons-an Octet. Only occurs between a metal and non-metal with an electronegativity difference of more than 1.7. ELECTRONEGATIVITY The tendency of an atom to attract electrons in an ionic bond. Metals have a low EN while non-metals have a high EN. ANIONS AND CATIONS An anion is a negative ion and a cation is a positive ion. Ex) F=4.0 and Na=0.9 4.0-0.9= 3.1 *Only occurs in metals*Must be a pure metal, not a mixture *Only occurs in two non-metals NON-POLAR COVALENT two identical atoms are bonded together and there is an equal share of pull between the two. POLAR COVALENT Formed when two differentnon-metals bond. There isan unequal pull becauseof the different elements. NETWORK SOLIDS All atoms are covalently bonded to oneanother in a three-dimensional structure.They have an extremely high melting pointand are very hard.

Ex) diamond (C) and quartz (SiO2) SHAPES -Linear-Bent-Pyramidal-Tetrahedral LINEAR There are no lone pairsof electrons and the shapeis in a line. BENT MOLECULAR POLARITY This is determined by themolecules' shape.-Non-polar molecules are symmetrical-Polar molecules are asymmetrical There are two lone pairs of electrons. This causes the otherpairs to be pushed away. PYRAMIDAL There is one pair of loneelectrons left over, whichpush away the other threebonds. TETRAHEDRAL There are no lone pairs of electronsand four pairs of bonds are made. SOLUBILITY "Likes dissolve likes"Substances with the same molecular polarities can bedissolved in one another. Ex) Water has a high molecularpolarity. NaCl also has molecular polarity. It is soluble inwater because of this. COORDINATECOVALENT BONDING Bonding in which both electrons in thecovalent bond are donated by the sameatom. This is how polyatomic ions are formed. ALLOTROPES Different structural forms ofan element. They all have verydifferent properties based on theirstructure and shape. Ex) Carbon. It's allotropes vary fromdiamond to graphite to coal. THE END