Congenital Hypothyroidism

Definition

The thyroid is a gland in the lower neck. It makes hormones that regulate growth, brain development, and metabolism.
Hypothyroidism
is a low or absent production of these hormones. Congenital means the conditions is present since birth.

Diagnosis

At birth, most infants are screened for this condition. Blood tests will be able to identify thyroid levels. Images of the thyroid may also be taken with:

Thyroid scan (technetium)

Nuclear imaging (scintigraphy)

Treatment

The outcome is best if the condition is caught early. It is important to start treatment before the brain and nervous system are fully developed. If treatment is given early, it could prevent damage. Left untreated, the condition can lead to poor mental development and delayed growth.

Medication will treat the hypothyroidism. The medication will replace the missing hormones.

Once medication starts, the levels of thyroid hormones are checked often. This will help to keep the values within normal range. If values are kept within a normal range, there are no side effects or complications.

Prevention

Most cases cannot be prevented. The following are some things the mother can do during pregnancy to reduce the risk:

Avoid radioactive iodine treatment or iodine as antiseptic during pregnancy

Consume enough, but not too much iodine during pregnancy

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.