STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES

We, the members of the Libertarian Party, challenge the cult of the
Omnipotent state and defend the rights of the individual.

We hold that all individuals have the right to exercise sole dominion
over their own lives, and have the right to live in whatever manner they
choose, so long as they do not forcibly interfere with the equal right of
others to live in whatever manner they choose.

Governments throughout history have regularly operated on the
opposite principle, that the State has the right to dispose of the lives
of individuals and the fruits of their labor. Even within the United States,
all political parties other than our own grant to government the right to
regulate the lives of individuals and seize the fruits of their labor without
their consent.

We, on the contrary, deny the right of any government to do these
things, and hold that where governments exist, they must not violate the
rights of any individual: namely, (1) the right to lifeâ€”accordingly we
support prohibition of the initiation of physical force against others;
(2) the right to liberty of speech and actionâ€”accordingly we oppose all
attempts by government to abridge the freedom of speech and press, as
well as government censorship in any form; and (3) the right to propertyÂ»-
accordingly we oppose all government interference with private property,
such as confiscation, nationalization, and eminent domain, and Support
the prohibition of robbery, trespass, fraud, and misrepresentation.

Since governments, when instituted, must not violate individual
rights, we oppose all interference by government in the areas of voluntary
and contractual relations among individuals. People should not be forced
to sacrifice their lives and property for the benefit of others. They should
be left free by government to deal with one another as free traders; and the
resultant economic system, the only one compatible with the protection of
individual rights, is the free market.

INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND CIVIL ORDER

No conflict exists between civil order and individual rights. Both
concepts are based on the same fundamental principle: that no individual.
group. or government may initiate force against any other individual,
group or government.

1. CRIME

A massive increase in violent crime threatens the lives, happiness,
and belongings of Americans. At the same time, governmental violations
of rights undermine the people's sense of justice with regard to crime.
lmpartial and consistent law enforcement protecting individual rights.
and repeal of victimless crime laws. which themselves breed crimes without
victims, are the appropriate ways to suppress crime.

2. VICTIMLESS CRIMES

We hold that only actions which infringe the rights of others can
properly be termed crimes. We favor the repeal of all federal. state, and
local laws creating â€œcrimes" without victims. In particular. we advocate:

a. The repeal of all laws prohibiting the production, sale, possession,
or use of drugs, and all medical prescription requirements for the purchase
of vitamins, drugs and similar substances.

b. The repeal of all laws regarding consensual sexual relations, includ-
ing prostitution and solicitation, and the cessation of state oppression and
harrassment of homosexual men and women, that they, at last. be accord-
ed their full rights as individuals.

c. The repeal of all laws regulating or prohibiting gambling.

d. The repeal of all laws interfering with the right to commit suicide
as infringements of the ultimate right of an individual to his or her own
life.

e. The use of executive pardon to free all those presently incarcer-
ated for the commission of these â€œcrimes".

3. SAFEGUARDS FOR THE CRIMINALLY ACCUSED

Until such time as persons are proved guilty of crimes, they should be
accorded full respect for their individual rights. We are thus opposed to
reduction of present safeguards of the rights of the criminally accused.

Speciï¬cally, we are opposed to preventive detention, soâ€”called â€œno-
knock laws", and all other measures which threaten individual rights.

We advocate the repeal of all laws establishing any category of crimes
applicable to minors for which adults would not be similarly answerable,
and an end to the practice in many states ofjailing children accused of no
crime.

We support full restitution for all loss suffered by persons arrested,
indicted, tried, imprisoned, or otherwise injured in the course of criminal
proceedings against them which do not result in their conviction. When
they are responsible, government police employees or agents should be
liable for this restitution.

4. JUSTICE FOR THE INDIVIDUAL

The purpose of any system of courts is to provide justice. The
present system of criminal law is based on punishment with little concern
for the victim. We support restitution for the victim to the fullest degree
possible at the expense of the criminal or thenegligent wrongdoer.

We accordingly oppose all â€œno-fault" insurance laws which deprive
the victim of the right to recover from the guilty in negligence cases.

5. GOVERNMENT AND â€œMENTAL HEALTHâ€

We oppose the involuntary commitment of any person to a mental
institution. To incarcerate an individual not convicted of any crime,
but merely asserted to be incompetent, is a violation ofthe individualâ€™s
rights. We further advocate:

a. The repeal of all laws permitting involuntary psychiatric treatment
of any persons, including children, and those incarcerated in prisons or
mental institutions. _

b. An immediate end to the spending of tax money for any program
of psychiatric or psychological research or treatment.

c. An end to all involuntary treatments of prisoners in such areas
as psychoâ€”surgery, drug therapy, and aversion therapy.

d. An end of tax-supported â€œmental healthâ€ propaganda campaigns
and community â€œmental health" centers and programs.

6. FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND THE PRESS

We oppose all forms of government censorship. including anti-
pornography laws, whatever the medium involved.

Events have demonstrated that the already precarious First Amend-
ment rights of the broad cast industry are becoming still more precarious.
Regulation of broadcasting including the â€œfairness doctrine" and â€œequal-
time" provisions. cannot be tolerated. We support legislation to repeal the
Federal Communications Act, and to provide for private ownership of
broadcasting rights, thus giving broadcasting First Amendment parity with
other communications media. The removal of these regulations and privi-
leges would open the way for greater diversity in the broadcast media.
We deplore any efforts to impose thought control on the media by the use
of antiâ€”trust laws and other government action in the name of stopping
â€œbiasâ€.

Government ownership or subsidy of broadcast band radio and tele-
vision stations and networksâ€”in particular. the tax funding ofthe Corpora~
tion for Public Broadcastingâ€”must end. We oppose government restriction
and regulation of â€œpay TVâ€ and cable facilities.

7. GOVERNMENT SECRECY

We condemn the government's use of secret classifications to keep
from the public information which it should have. We favor substituting
a system in which no individual may be convicted for violating government
secrecy classifications unless the government discharges its burden of
proving that the publication:

a. Violated the right of privacy ofthose who have been coerced into
revealing confidential or proprietary information to government agents, or

b. Disclosed defensive military plans so as to materially impair the
capability to respond to attack.

It should always be a defense to such prosecution that information
divulged shows that the government has violated the law.

8. FREEDOM OF RELIGION

We defend the rights of individuals to engage in (or abstain from)
any religious activities which do not violate the rights of others. in order
to defend religious freedom, we advocate a strict separation of church and
state. We oppose government actions which either aid or attack any
religion. We oppose taxation of church property for the same reason that
we oppose all taxation.

We condemn the attempts by parents or any othersâ€”via kidnappings,
conservatorships, or instruction under confinement-to force children to
conform to their parentsâ€™ or any othersâ€™ religious views.

9. PROTECTION OF PRIVACY

The individualâ€™s privacy, property. and right to speak or not to speak
should not be infringed by the government. The government should not
use electronic or other means of covert surveillance of an individualâ€™s
actions or private property without the consent ofthe owner or occupant.
Correspondence, bank and other ï¬nancial transactions and records,
doctersâ€™ and lawyersâ€™ communications, employment records, and the like
should not be open to review by government without the consent of all
parties involved in those actions. So long as the National Census and all
federal, state, and other government agency compilations of data on an
individual continue to exist, they should he conducted only with the
consent of the persons from whom the data are sought.

We oppose the issuance by the government of an identity card, to be
required for any purpose, such as for employment, voting, or border
crossings.

10. INTERNAL SECURITY AND CIVIL LIBERTIES

We call for the abolition of all federal secret police agencies. In
particular, we seek the abolition of the Central Intelligence Agency and
the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and we call for a return to the Ameri-
can tradition of local law enforcement. We support Congressional investi-
gation of criminal activities of the CIA and of wrongdoing by Other
government agencies.

We support the abolition of the subpoena power as used by Congres-
sional committees against individuals or ï¬rms. We hail the abolition of
the House Internal Security Committee and call for the destruction of its
tiles on private individuals and groups. We also call for the abolition of
the Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security.

11. THE RIGHT TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS

Maintaining our belief in the irwiolability of the right to keep and
bear arms, we oppose all laws at any level of government requiring regis-
tration of, or restricting, the ownership, manufacture, or transfer or sale
of firearms or ammunition. We also oppose any government efforts
to ban or restrict the use of tear gas, â€œmaceâ€, or other nonâ€”firearm pro-
tective devices.

We support repeal of the Federal Gun Control Act of 1968 and
demand the immediate abolition of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and
Firearms.

We favor the repeal of laws banning the concealment of weapons or
prohibiting pocket weapons. We also oppose the banning of inexpensive
handguns (â€œSaturday night specialsâ€).

12. THE DRAFT, NATIONAL SERVICE, AND THE MILITARY

We call for the abolition of the still-functioning elements of the
Selective Service System, believing that impressment of individuals into
the armed forces is involuntary servitude. We also oppose any form of
national service, such as a compulsory youth labor program. For this
reason, we oppose the Youth Conservation Corps, which is designed as
a pilot program for national service.

We support the immediate and unconditional exoneration of all who
have been accused or convicted of draft evasion, desertion from the mili-
tary, and other acts of resistance to such transgressions as imperialistic
wars and aggressive acts of the military. Members of the military should
have the same right to quit their jobs as other persons.

We call for the end of the Defense Department practice of discharging
armed forces personnel for homosexual conduct when such conduct does
not interfere with their assigned duties. We further call for retraction of
all lessâ€”than-honorable discharges previously assigned for such reasons and
deletion of such information from military personnel files.

We recommend the repeal of the Uniform Code of Military Justice
and the recognition and equal protection of the rights ofthe armed forces
in order to promote thereby the morale, dignity, and sense of justice
within the military.

13. THE RIGHT TO PROPERTY

There is no conflict between property rights and human rights.
Indeed. property rights are the rights of humans with respect to property
and, as such, are entitled to the same respect and protection as all other
human rights.

We further hold that the owners of property have the full right to
control, use, dispose of, or in any manner enjoy their property without
interference, until and unless the exercise of their control infringes the
valid rights of others.

Where property, including land, has been taken from its rightful
owners by government or private action in violation of individual rights,
we favor restitution to the rightful owners.

14. UNIONS AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

We support the right of free persons to voluntarily establish, or
associate in. labor unions. An employer should have the right to recognize,
or refuse to recognize, a union as the collective bargaining agent of some or
all of his or her employees.

We oppose government interference in bargaining, such as compulsory
arbitration or imposing an obligation to bargain. Therefore we urge repeal
of the National Labor Relations Act, and all state Right To Work Laws,
which prohibit employers from making voluntary contracts with unions.

Workers and employers should have the right to organize secondary
boycotts if they so choose.

15. UNDOCUMENTED ALIENS

We condemn massive roundups by the federal government of
Hispanic-Americans and others in a hunt for aliens not possessing required
government documents. Those suspected of being undocumented aliens
are denied the fundamental freedom to labor and to move about un-
molested.

We therefore call for the lifting of all restrictions on immigration. and
for full amnesty for currently undocumented aliens. We oppose welfare
payments to aliens just as we oppose welfare payments to all other persons.

We support the abolition of the Border Patrol.

16. DISCRIMINATION

No individual rights should be denied or abridged by the laws ofthe
United States or any state or locality on account of sex, race, color, creed.
age, national origin, or sexual preference. We condemn bigotry as
irrational and repugnant.

Nonetheless, we oppose any governmental attempts to regulate
private discrimination, including discrimination in employment, housing,
and privately owned soâ€”called â€œpublicâ€ accomodations. The right to trade
includes the right not to tradeâ€”for any reasons whatsoever.

17. SECESSION

We support recognition of the right to political secession. Exercise
of this right, like the exercise of all other rights, does not remove legal and
moral obligations not to violate the rights of others.

18. CHILDRENâ€™S RIGHTS

We believe that â€œchildren" are human beings and, as such, have the
same rights as any other human beings. Any reference in this Platform
to the rights of human beings includes children.

TRADE AND THE ECONOMY

Because each person has the right to offer goods and services to others
on the free market, and because government interference can only harm
such free activity, we oppose all intervention by government into the area
of economics. The only proper role of existing governments in the eco-
nomic realm is to protect property rights, adjudicate disputes, and provide
a legal framework in which voluntary trade is protected. Efforts to forcib-
ly redistribute wealth and/or forcibly control or manage trade are in-
tolerable.

1. MONEY

We call for the repeal of all legal tender laws and reaffirm the right to
private ownership of, and contracts for, gold. We favor the abolition of
government fiat money and compulsory governmental units of account.
We favor the use of a free market commodity standard, such as gold coin
denominated by units of weight.

2. THE ECONOMY

Government intervention in the economy imperils both the personal
freedom and the material prosperity of every American. We therefore
support the following speciï¬c immediate reforms:

a. drastic reduction of both taxes and government spending;

b. an end to deficit budgets;

c. a halt to inï¬‚ationary monetary policies, and elimination of the
Federal Reserve System;

d. the removal of all governmental impediments to free trade-
including the repeal of all transportation regulations, all â€œantiâ€”trustâ€
laws, such as the Robinsonâ€”Patman Act which restricts price discounts,
and the abolition of farm subsidies, as the most pressing and critical
impediments; and

e. the repeal of all controls on wages, prices, rents, profits, produc-
tion, and interest rates.

3. SUBSIDIES

In order to achieve a free economy in which government victimizes
no one for the beneï¬t of anyone else, we oppose all government subsidies
to business. labor, education, agriculture, science, broadcasting, the arts,
sports, and any other special interest. Relief or exemption from involun-
tary taxation should not be considered a subsidy. We oppose any resump-
tion of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, or any similar plan
which would force the taxpayer to subsidize and sustain uneconomic
business enterprises.

4. TARJFFS AND QUOTAS

Like subsidies, tariffs and quotas serve only to give special treatment
to favored interests and to diminish the welfare of other individuals.
These measures also reduce the scope of contracts and understanding
among different peoples. We therefore support abolition of all tariffs
and quotas as well as the Tariff Commission and the Customs Court.

5. POSTAL SERVICE

We propose the abolition of the governmental Postal Service. The
present system. in addition to being inefficient, encourages governmental
surveillance of private correspondence. Pending abolition, we call for an
end to the monopoly system and for allowing free competition in all
aspects of postal service.

6. PUBLIC UTILITIES

We advocate the termination of government-created franchise privi-
leges and governmental monopolies for such services as garbage collection,
electricity, natural gas. telephone, or water supplies. Furthermore, all
rate regulation in these industries should be abolished. The right to offer
such services on the market should not be curtailed by law.

7. TAXATION

Since we believe that all persons are entitled to keep the fruits of
their labor, we oppose all government activity which consists of the forci-
ble collection of money or goods from individuals in violation of their
individual rights. Specifically, we:

a. recognize the right of any individual to challenge the payment of
taxes on moral. religious. legal or constitutional grounds;

b. oppose all personal and corporate income taxation, including
capital gains taxes;

c. support repeal of the Sixteenth Amendment, and oppose any
increase in existing tax rates and the imposition of any new taxes;

d. support the eventual repeal of all taxation; and

e. support a declaration of unconditional amnesty for all those who
have been convicted of, or who now stand accused of tax resistance.

As an interim measure, all criminal and civil sanctions against tax
evasion should be terminated immediately.

We oppose as involuntary servitude any legal requirements forcing
employers or business owners to serve as tax collectors for federal, state,
or local tax agencies.

In the current ï¬scal crisis of states and localities, default is preferable
to raising taxes or perpetual reï¬nancing of growing public debt.

8. ENERGY

We recognize the great mischief that a host of government interfer-
ences have caused in the energy industry, and the even greater mischief-
amounting to a total regimentation of the American economy and
societyâ€”that is threatened by recent and proposed interventions.

We oppose all government control of energy pricing, allocation.
and production. such as that imposed by the Federal Power Commission.
the Federal Energy Administration, state public utility commissions. and
state pro-rationing agencies. Thus, we advocate decontrol of the prices
of oil. petroleum products, and natural gas. We oppose all government
subsidies for energy research, development, and operation. We favor
repeal of the Price-Anderson Act through which the government limits
liability for nuclear accidents. We favor privatization of the atomic energy
industry.

We oppose the newly created federal Department of hnergy. which
will entrench a self-perpetuating bureaucracy headed by an Energy czar
with dictatorial powers. We oppose all government conservation schemes
through the use of taxes, subsidies and regulations, as well as the dictated
conversion of utilities and other industries to coal. We oppose any attempt
to give the federal government a monopoly over the importation of oil,
or to develop a subsidized government energy corporation whose privileged
status would be used as a yardstick for condemning private enterprise. We
oppose the â€œstrategic storageâ€ program, any attempts to compel national
self-sufficiency in oil, any extension of the Jones Act to imports. and any
attempt to raise oil tariffs. We oppose all efforts to break up vertically
and horizontally integrated energy companies or force them to divest their
pipelines.

We favor the creation of a free market in oil by instituting a system
of full property rights in underground oil and by repeal of all federal and
state controls over price and output in the petroleum industry. All govern-
mentâ€”owned energy resources should be turned over to private ownership.

DOMESTIC ILLS

Current problems in such areas as crime. pollution. health care
delivery. decaying cities, and poverty are not solved, but are primarily
caused, by government. The welfare state, supposedly designed to aid
the poor, is in reality a growing and parasitic burden on all productive
people, and injures, rather than benefits. the poor themselves.

1. POLLUTION

We support the development of an objective system deï¬ning individ-
ual property rights to air and water. We hold that ambiguities in the area
of these rights (e.g., the concept of â€œpublic propertyâ€) are a primary cause
of our deteriorating environment. Present legal principles which allow the
violation of individual rights by polluters must be reversed. The laws of
nuisance and negligence should be modified to cover damage done la}
air, water. and noise pollution. While we maintain that no one has the
right to violate the legitimate property rights of others by polluting. we
strenuously oppose all attempts to transform the defense of such rights
into any restriction of the efforts of individuals to advance technology.
to expand production. or to use their property peacefully. We therefore
support the abolition of the Environmental Protection Agency.

2. CONSUMER PROTECTION

We support strong and effective laws against fraud and misrepresenta-
tion. However. we oppose paternalistic regulations which dictate to con-
sumers, impose prices. define standards for products. or otherwise restrict
free choice. We oppose governmental promotion or imposition of the
metric system.

We oppose all so-called â€œconsumer protection" legislation which
infringes upon voluntary trade. We advocate the repeal of all laws banning
or restricting the advertising of prices, products. or services. We
specifically oppose laws requiring an individual to buy or use so-called
â€œself protection" equipment such as safety belts. air bags, or crash helmets.
Likewise. we advocate the immediate repeal of the federally imposed S5
mile-per-hour speed limit.

We advocate the abolition of the Food and Drug Administration. We
advocate an end to compulsory fluoridation of water supplies. We
specifically oppose government regulation of the price, potency. or quanti-
ty able to be produced or purchased of drugs or other consumer goods.
There should be no laws regarding what substances (nicotine, alcohol.
hallucinogens, narcotics, laetrile. artifical sweeteners. vitamin supplements.
or other â€œdrugsâ€) a person may ingest or otherwise use.

3. EDUCATION

We advocate the complete separation of education and State. Govern-
ment schools lead to the indoctrination of children and interfere with
the free choice of individuals. Government ownership, operation. regula-
tion, and subsidy of schools and colleges should be ended.

As an interim measure to encourage the growth of private schools
and variety in education, we support tax-credits for tuition and for other
expenditures related to an individualâ€˜s education. We support the repeal
of all taxes on the income or property of private schools, whether profit
or non-profit.

We condemn compulsory education laws, which spawn prison-like
schools with many of the problems associated with prisons, and we call
for the immediate repeal of such laws.

Until government involvement in education is ended. we support
elimination within the governmental school system, of forced busing and
corporal punishment. We further support immediate reduction of tax
support for schools, and removal of the burden of school taxes from those
not responsible for the education of children.

4. POPULATION

We support an end to all subsidies for child-bearing built into our
present laws, including all welfare plans and the provision of tax-supported
services for children. We further support the repeal of all laws restricting
voluntary birth control or the right of the woman to make a personal
moral choice regarding the termination of pregnancy. We call for the
elimination of special tax burdens on single people and couples with few
or no children. We shall opp()se all coercive measures to control popula-
tion growth.

5. POVERTY AND UNEMPLOYMENT

Governmental ï¬scal and monetary measures that artificially foster
business expansion guarantee an eventual increase in unemployment
rather than curtailing it. We call for the immediate cessation of such
policies as well as any governmental attempts to affect employment
levels.

We support repeal of all laws which impede the ability of any person
to find ernploymentâ€”including, but not limited to, minimum wage laws,
soâ€”called â€œprotectiveâ€ labor legislation for women and children, govern-
mental restrictions on the establishment of private day-care centers, the
National Labor Relations Act, and licensing requirements.

We oppose all government welfare, relief projects, and â€œaid to the
poor" programs. All these government programs are privacy-invading,
paternalistic, demeaning, and inefficient. The proper source of help for
such persons is the voluntary efforts of private groups and individuals.

To speed the time when governmental programs are replaced by
effective Plivate institutions. we advocate dollar-for-dollar tax credits
for all charitable contributions.

6. HEALTH CARE

We support the right of individuals to contract freely with practition-
ers of their choice, whether licensed by the government or not, for all
health services. We oppose any Compulsory insurance or tax-supported
plan to provide health services, including those which finance abortion
services. We favor the abolition of Medicare and Medicaid programs.
We further oppose governmental infringement of the health care practi-
tioner-patient relationship through regulatory agencies such as the
Professional Standards Review Organization. We oppose any state or
federal area planning boards whose stated purpose is to consolidate health
services or avoid their duplication. We oppose laws limiting the liability
of health care professionals for negligence, and those regulating the supply
of legal aid on a contingency fee basis. We oppose laws which invalidate
settlements of malpractice suits through the use of private arbitration
services. We also favor the deregulation of the medical insurance industry.

We condemn attempts at the federal. state, or local level to cripple
the advance of science by governmental restrictions on research. In
particular. we oppose government attempts to suppress recombinant DNA
research. which has opened the way for increased supply of medically
useful human proteins. such as insulin, and shows promise of revealing the
nature of hereditary diseases, the structure of bacteria and viruses, and the
nature of the immune response. We oppose any laws which limit liability
for injuries arising from recombinant DNA research.

We call for the repeal of laws compelling individuals to submit to
medical treatment, testing, or to the administration of drugs or other
substances.

7. RESOURCE USE

The role of planning is properly the responsibility and right of the
owners of the land. water, or other natural resources. We therefore urge
an end to governmental control of land use through such methods as
urban renewal, zoning laws. building codes. eminent domain, regional
planning. or purchase of development rights with tax money, which not
only violate property rights. but discriminate against minorities and tend to
cause higher rents and housing shortages. We are further opposed to the
use of tax funds for the acquisition or maintenance of land or other real
property. We recognize the legitimacy of private. voluntary land use
covenants.

We call for the privatization of the inland waterways. and of the
distribution system that brings water to industry, agriculture and house-
holds. We oppose all government controls over. or rationing of. water:
these despotic measures can only aggravate a water shortage. We oppose
the construction of government dams. We favor the privatization of
presently government-occupied dam sites. We also favor the abolition of
the Bureau of Reclamation and the Army Corps of Engineers.

Instances of government recognition of homesteading in which the
government reserves surface mining rights to itself are invalid and forced
surface-mining of such lands is a violation of the rights of the present
land holders. We call for the immediate abolition of the Bureau of Land
Management and the transfer to private ownership of federally held so-
called â€œpublic landsâ€ which constitute more than 80% of certain states.

8. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT (OSHA)

We call for the repeal of the Occupational Safety and Health Act.
This law deities the right to liberty and property to both employer and
employee, and it interferes in their private contractual relations. OSHAâ€˜s
arbitrary and high-handed actions invade property rights, raise costs. and
are an injustice imposed on businesses.

9. SOCIAL SECURITY

We favor the repeal of the fraudulent. virtually bankrupt, and in-
Cfeaslngly oppressive Social Security system. Pending that repeal.
participation in Social Security should be made voluntary. Victims of
the Social Security tax should have a claim against government property.
We note that federal, state and local government employees, members of
the US Congress, and members of the armed forces, have been accorded
the privilege of non-participation, one which is not accorded the working
men and women of America.

10. CIVIL SERVICE

We call for the abolition of the Civil Service system, which entrenches
a permanent and growing bureaucracy upon the land. We recognize that
the Civil Service is inherently a system of concealed patronage. We there-
fore recommend return to the Jeffersonian principle of rotation in office.

11. CAMPAIGN FINANCE LAWS

We urge the repeal of federal campaign ï¬nance laws, and the immed-
iate abolition of the despotic Federal Election Commission, which sup-
press the voluntary support of candidates and parties, compel taxpayers
to subsidize politicians and political views they do not wish to support,
invade the privacy of American citizens, and entrench the Republican and
Democratic parties. Such laws are particularly dangerous as they enable
the government to control the elections o-f its ownadministrators and
beneï¬ciaries, thereby removing it even further from public accountability.
We call for the repeal of restrictive state laws that effectively prevent new
parties and independent candidates from being on the ballot.

12. NONE OF THE ABOVE

In order to expand the range of choice in federal, state and local
elections of government officials, we propose the addition of the alterna-
tive â€œNone of the above is acceptableâ€ to all ballots. In the event that
â€œnone of the aboveâ€ wins a plurality of votes, the elective office for
that term will remain unfilled and unfunded.

13. SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY

We favor an immediate end to the doctrine of â€œSovereign Immunityâ€
which implies that the State can do no wrong and holds that the State,
contrary to the tradition of redress of grievances. may not be sued without
its permission or held accountable for its actions under civil law.

FOREIGN POLICY

American foreign policy should seek an America at peace with the
world and the defenseâ€”against attack from abroadâ€”of the lives, liberty
and property of the American people. Provision of such defense must
respect the individual rights of people everywhere.

The principle of non-intervention should guide relationships between
governments. We should return to the historic libertarian tradition of
avoiding entangling alliances, abstaining totally from foreign quarrels and
imperialist adventures, and recognizing the right to unrestricted trade,
travel, and immigration.

ECONOMIC

1. FOREIGN AID

We support the elimination of taxsupported military, economic,
technical and scientific aid to foreign governments or other organizations.
We support the abolition of government underwriting of arms sales. We
further support abolition of federal agencies which make American tax-
payers guarantors of exportâ€”related loans, such as the Export-Import
Bank and the Commodity Credit Corporation. We also oppose the par
ticipation of the US Government in international commodity cartels
which restrict production, limit technological innovation, and raise prices.

We call for the repeal of all prohibitions on individuals or firms
contributing or selling goods and services to any foreign country or
organization.

2. UNCLAIMED PROPERTY

We oppose recognition of claims by ï¬at, whether made by nations
or international bodies, to presently unclaimed property such as the
ocean floors, broadcast bands, and planetary bodies. We urge the
development of objective standards for recognizing claims of private
ownership of such property, including transportation lanes, shell-fish
beds, mineral rights, and fishing rights, based on homesteading concepts.

3. INTERNATIONAL MONEY

We favor the withdrawal of the United States from all international
paper money and other inï¬‚ationary credit schemes. We favor withdrawal
from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

MILITARY

1. MILITARY POLICY

We recognize the necessity for maintaining a sufficient military force
to defend the United States against aggression. We should reduce the
overall cost and size of our total governmental defense establishment.

We call for the withdrawal of all American troops from bases abroad.
In particular, we call for the removal of the U.S. Air Force as well as
ground troops from the Korean peninsula.

We call for withdrawal from multilateral and bilateral commitments
to military intervention (such as to NATO and to South Korea) and for
abandonment of interventionist doctrines (such as the Monroe Doctrine).

We view the mass destruction potential of modern warfare as the
greatest threat to the lives and liberties of the American people and all the
people of the globe. We favor international negotiations toward general
and complete disarmament down to police levels, provided every neces-
sary precaution is taken to effectively protect the lives and the rights of the
American people. Particularly important is the mutual disarmament of
nuclear weapons and missiles, and other instruments of indiscriminate
mass destruction of civilians.

2. PRESIDENTIAL WAR POWERS

We call for the reform of the Presidential War Powers Act to end the
Presidentâ€™s power to initiate military action, and for the abrogation of all
Presidential declarations of â€œstates of emergencyâ€. There must be no
further secret commitments and unilateral acts of military intervention
by the Executive Branch.

We favor a Constitutional amendment limiting the presidential role
as Commander-in-Chief to its original meaning, namely that of head of
the armed forces in wartime. The Commander-in-Chief role, correctly
understood, confers no additional authority on the President.

DIPLOMATIC

1. NEGOTIATIONS

The important principle in foreign policy should be the elimination
of intervention by the United States government in the affairs of other
nations. We would negotiate with any foreign government without
necessarily conceding moral legitimacy to that government. We favor a
drastic reduction in cost and size of our total diplomatic establishment.
In addition, we favor the repeal of the Logan Act, which prohibits private
American citizens from engaging in diplomatic negotiations with foreign
governments.

2. THE UNITED NATIONS

We support immediate withdrawal of the United States from, and
an end of its financial support for, the United Nations. We also call for
the United Nations to withdraw itself from the United States. We oppose
any treaty that the United States may enter into or any existing treaty
under which individual rights would be violated.

3. HUMAN RIGHTS

We condemn the violations of human rights in all nations around the
world. Today, no government is innocent of such violations, and none can
approach the issue of human rights and liberties with clean hands. There-
fore, in keeping with our primary goal of peaceful international relations,
we call upon the U.S. government to cease its hypocrisy and its sullying of
the good name of human rights. Only private individuals and organizations
have any place speaking out on this issue.

In keeping with our principles prohibiting the initiation of force to
achieve political and social goals, we specifically condemn the use of
terror tactics against innocent persons, whether the terrorist acts are
initiated by government or by political or criminal groups. At the same
time, we recognize the right of all persons to resist tyranny and defend
themselves and their rights. We call also for an end to the use of torture
as an instrument of interrogation.

4. THE MIDDLE EAST

We call upon the United States government to cease all interventions
in the Middle East, including military and economic aid, guarantees, and
diplomatic meddling, and to cease its prohibition of private foreign aid,
both military and economic. Voluntary cooperation with any economic
boycott should not be treated as a crime.

5. SOUTHERN AFRICA

We call upon the United States to cease all interventions in Southern
Africa, including military and economic aid, guarantees, and backing of
political groups. and to refrain from restricting American trade and invest-
ment in the region.

6. COLONIALISM

United States colonialism has left a legacy of property conï¬scation,
economic manipulation, and over-extended defense boundaries. We favor
immediate independence for all colonial dependencies. such as Samoa,
Guam, Micronesia, the Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico, both to free these
lands from United States dominance, and to free the United States from
massive subsidization of them at taxpayerâ€™s expense. Land seized by the
U.S. government should be returned to its rightful owners.

The United St ates should liquidate its government-run canal operation
in Panama and withdraw all U.S. troops from the Canal Zone.

OMISSIONS

Our silence about any other particular government law, regulation,
ordinance, directive, edict, control, regulatory agency, activity, or machina-
tion should not be construed to imply approval.