Recently wars left the world in shell-shocked with a number of immigrants, huge numbers of people with lack of sanitary condition and hygienic practice give us a danger alarm about children future in whole countries that accepted the immigrates and under immigration system. On the other hand, the tremendous number of refugee’s increases paralleled with a number of wars happened in the last decades. The main target of this work is to focus on viral hepatitis epidemic during immigration time and shed light on this case to solve and find the best solution for it.

Combining ability and heterosis for different morphological and quality traits were studied under three environments using 10 inbred lines, 45 single cross hybrids and three commercial hybrids as checks at SHIATS, Allahabad, India during monsoon, 2014. Ten simple sequence markers (SSR) were used to quantify genetic distance which was further used to analyse relationship with combining ability and heterosis in single cross hybrids. Pearson’s correlation and linear regression were analysed to identify the important factors determining heterosis and per se performance of hybrids. Variances due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were found to be significant for all but their interaction with environments were significant only ..Read more morphological traits. SSR marker bnlg 1523 was found as a potential marker for discriminating maize inbred lines at molecular level as it has high PIC (0.71) and gene diversity (0.74). Significant positive association were recorded Read more

In order to circumscribe the breeding sites of stomoxes in the Makokou region, eight potentially favorable environments were sampled from January to June 2007 in three habitats: primary and secondary forest (natural environments) and the anthropic environment (artificial or disturbed areas). In the primary forest, three types of substrates were collected: litter, elephant dung, and Cephalophus droppings. In the secondary forest, two types of substrates: litter and monkey droppings. In villages or cities, three substrates constituting of decaying plant material, organic waste from garbage in villages and cow dung were also collected. These materials were placed in emergence cages while awaiting the emergence of adult arthropods. In total, 14517 arthropods emerged, including 11726 stomoxes and 2791 other arthropod specimens. Seven Stomoxys spp were observed and included: S. transvittatus with 8221 (70%) emerged individuals, S. niger with 1679 (14%) observed individuals. However, S. omega (8%); S. inornatus (4%); S. calcitrans (2%); S. niger bilineatus (1.9%); and finally S. xanthomelas (0.1%) emerged in minor proportions. The results obtained in this study indicate that stomoxes can lay their eggs on several types of substrates hence colonizing many areas

In this study, the NK cell CD markers testings were found to be the possibility and potentiality of some types of NK cells to target HCV and HCC immunotherapy

Natural Killer (NK) cells are important for responding to and destroying cells that have become infected with virus and cancer cells. We evaluated the effects of hepatitis C virus (HCV) only infected patients and HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of Egyptian cases on peripheral blood NK cell subsets CD56bright and CD56Dim NK cells, CD56dim16+, CD56dim16 and with emphasis on the CD3 cells.

This manuscript is an outgrowth of my discovery of the viroids in 1971, which has been endorsed by the International Committee for the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) as a new order called Subviral Agents, which now consists of two families and upward of 40 species, all isolated from higher plants. Most of these cause diseases of various crops. fruit trees, or ornamental plants. Here I ask the question why, so far, these plant viroids are not complemented by their counterparts in animals.

Skeleton acts as a supporting structure of an organism. The organisms with skeleton are known as vertebrates and without skeleton are known as invertebrates. There are different types of skeleton; they are exoskeleton, endoskeleton, cytoskeleton, hydro skeleton, pliant skeleton and rigid skeleton. Mostly at the age of 21, the bone masses of the skeleton reaches its maximum density. The primary function of skeleton is to support, movement, protection, production of blood cells, storage of minerals, and endocrine regulation.

In an experiment to detect the cellular changes of carbohydrate content and its related enzymatic activities, a study was undertaken with Marsilea minuta L., an aquatic fern species in simulated condition of cadmium (Cd) toxicity. From the varying doses of Cd (0, 50, 100 and 200 μM) and supplemented with spermidine (2 mM), it revealed that plants were suffered from accumulation of total carbohydrate in a dose-dependent manner under Cd stress. Maximum depletion of carbohydrate content was 58% with respect to control which was retrieved by 1.42 fold with spermidine application. In a similar manner, plants were also affected with starch, total reducing sugar content by 42% and 63.04% respectively over the control. The fall in both starch and total reducing sugar were retrieved by plants by 1.32 fold and 1.52 fold, respectively.

The response of maize (Zea mays L.) to different levels of arsenate with or without phosphate was investigated. Arsenic exposure significantly hampered the growth of maize seedlings showing reductions in root and shoot lengths together with reductions in fresh and dry weight. The level of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids decreased in arsenic treated seedlings. Arsenic toxicity was associated with an increase in the activities of the anti-oxidative scavenging enzymes catalase and peroxidase. Arsenic restricted the concentration of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and soluble protein content in maize seedlings.

The studies of fouling of pioneer artificial substrates, conducted for the past 35 years near the coast of Primorsky Territory, Sea of Japan, Russia, have revealed an asynchronism in reproduction of invertebrates. Juveniles of Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis and other widely distributed bivalves of boreal origin (Mytilus trossulus and Hiatella arctica) were, as a rule, abundant (over 250 scallops per a square meter of artificial substrate) in the odd-numbered years from 1977 to 1985. This is related mainly to the duration of ice season in previous winter, amount of precipitation, surface water salinity, and wind speed in June.

Adult calanoid copepods of six species were collected in the Ensenada de La Paz in autumn 2010. Prosome length, dry mass and carbon content were measured to determine the mass-length relationship and the condition factor. Acartia clause, A. lilljeborgii, Temora discaudata and Undinula vulgaris were the species with high determination coefficients (p <0.05) compared to Centropages furcatus and L. johnsoni (p> .05). The condition factor of the species is the first reference for subtropical copepods in the study area. Depending on the species, organic carbon fluctuated between 20 and 47% of the dry mass and only for A. clause was the premise of 45% carbon dry mass satisfied.

Ten days after ingesting a large quantity of Allium ampeloprasum (kurrat), 10 one-year-old calves and 2 eight-year-old cows in a group of cattle were referred for voiding dark-red urine, generalized jaundice, anemic or icteric mucous membranes, lack of appetite, and lethargy. Hematologically, Heinz bodies – hemolytic anemia, polychromasia, anisocytosis and leukocytosis were detected.

To evaluate the effect of long-term topical application of 0.005% latanoprost on intraocular pressure (IOP) in dogs with primary glaucoma Animal studied: One hundred-and-five dogs with primary glaucoma. Procedure: Latanaprost was used and/or added to existing medications for a minimum of 2 months.