Building safer, more sustainable cities

Learn how a collaborative and innovative environment drives sound safety and security strategies to meet the challenges of tomorrow. Today’s challenges call for greater coordination among national, regional, and local authorities and among the businesses, groups, and individuals that these agencies serve They also require new, citizen-centric models for service delivery. To meet these challenges, cities need advanced technology that can handle greater operational complexity and provide the real-time, accurate information and analysis for strategic insight and advantaged decision making.

Transcript of "Building safer, more sustainable cities"

2.
As cities adapt to new global conditions and local circumstances, sustainable safetyand security play a key role. Cities must be proactive and implement longer-term,holistic approaches to mitigate risks. These may include programs that divert youngpeople away from crime, encourage restorative justice, use knowledge-based safetystrategies, and create cross-agency missions. Such initiatives require new technologiesthat increase transparency, accountability, efficiency, communication, and collaboration.

4.
Executive SummarySolutions to Today’s Urban Safety andSecurity ChallengesCities can be engines of innovation, economic growth,and social change. Cities are our future in which we allshare the same global destiny. By bringing people togetherfrom a wide range of backgrounds, cities can promotetolerance and understanding.But cities are also magnets for violence, gies to mitigate climate change, which They also require new, citizen-centricdrug abuse, and crime. They can be saps scarce resources and increases models for service delivery. To meettargets for terrorism and some of the the risk of natural disasters. They must these challenges, cities need advancedworst offenders in climate change. All deal with global market forces and new technology that can handle greatertoo often, the problems cities face far economic uncertainties. They must fight operational complexity and provide theoutstrip the resources on hand. crime and terrorism on many new fronts. real-time, accurate information and analysis for strategic insight and advan­Today’s cities face a broad range of Today’s challenges call for greater taged decision making. This technologysafety and security challenges. In co­ rdination among national, regional, o must also inspire collaboration and theaddition to new initiatives that target and local authorities and among the innovation cities need to meet thethe specific plights of their poorest businesses, groups, and individuals that challenges of tomorrow.residents, cities must develop strate­ these agencies serve (see Figure 1). Figure 1: Collaborative Environment Driving Sound Safety and Regional Security Strategies Intelligence agencies Communities Emergency and aid agencies Employees Interior ministries Neighborhoods Border agencies City Academia Justice Business First responders Law enforcement Citizens Regional4 SAP Thought Leadership – Building Safer, More Sustainable Cities

5.
Century of the CitiesExpanding Urban PopulationsThis century has been deemed by public services. They are also major As cities become more densely popu­some as the “century of the cities.” consumers of energy and producers lated, their critical infrastructure andWith more than half the world’s of carbon emissions. supply chains more optimized, and theirpopulation now urbanized – and 60% popu­ations more culturally diverse, it is llikely to live in cities by 2030 – cities Not all of the world’s cities are thriving, increasingly difficult for urban areas towill remain at the forefront of economic, however. While geography can be key remain harmonious, socially inclusive,social, political, and environmental to a city’s prosperity, “national policies and economically successful.changes at the global, national, and that include pro-urban approaches tolocal levels. By the middle of this economic development play a critical As major producers of the world’scentury, even developing nations will role in the growth of cities,” according green­ ouse gases, urban areas must hbe largely urban.1 to a recent report by UN-HABITAT.2 also respond to climate change. Cli­ ate m The most important of these policies change is both depleting resources thatAlthough developing nations account encour­ ge investments in transporta­ion a t are already scarce in many areas andfor most of the recent growth in urban infrastructure, the creation of special increasing the risk of natural disasters,populations, their growth patterns vary economic zones, and development of especially in poorer countries andwidely. Urban populations in Africa tend information- and services-related sectors. urban areas. In fact, the risk of naturalto be concentrated in capital cities, disasters has grown worldwide with thewhile populations in Asia are expanding Without such policies, growth can be increased urbanization of developinginto suburban and satellite locations. threatened by economic and social countries.Latin America has seen an increase in in­ qualities, which are increasing in esmaller urban areas. In Europe, some many urban areas. The highly desta­ As cities adapt to new global conditionsurban populations are declining as biliz­ng effect of these inequalities i and local circumstances, sustainablecompetition, mobility, and suburbani­ can discourage investment and divert safety and security play a key role thatzation favor certain cities over others. resources that might be used to im­ rove p extends beyond traditional criminality toPopulations continue to urbanize in the infrastructure and produc­ ivity of t all types of risks, hazards, and threats.most of North America. programs that maintain safety and Instead of simply reacting to immediate security. dangers, cities must become moreCenters of Progress and Instability proactive and implement longer-term, A New, Increased Role for Safety more holistic approaches. These mayThroughout the globe, cities are national and Security include programs that divert youngeconomic powerhouses. In an increas­ people away from crime, encourageing­y interdependent world, cities are l Cities remain on the front lines of crime, restorative justice, use knowledge-at the cutting edge of change, trade, violence, and child safety. They con­ based safety strategies, and createsocial mobility, innovation, and cultural tinue to face huge challenges around cross-agency missions for servicediversity. They must compete globally border immigration, terrorism, and delivery. Such initiatives require newfor ideas, talent, investment, skills, sus­ organized crime, along with a broad technologies that increase transpar­tainability, and business revenue. They spectrum of other risks ranging from ency, accountability, efficiency, com­include highly complex sets of commu­ epidemics and cyber attacks to threats munication, and collaboration.nities, ecosystems, businesses, and to their food supplies and schools.1. United Nations Human Settlements Programme, “State of the World’s Cities 2008/2009,” (London: Earthscan, 2008), x.2. Ibid, xi. SAP Thought Leadership – Building Safer, More Sustainable Cities 5

6.
Challenges to the Status QuoSix Drivers for Public Service RenewalTo serve city residents, communities,and businesses, the agencies respon­ Opera inty tiosible for urban safety and security – er t a nal un c co malong with other public services – must te gic ple xitrecognize six key drivers for change ra y St (see Figure 2). These drivers include: Law• New economic realities• Increasing “glocalization” enforcement Local Justice Pa Emergency r ti• Heightened strategic uncertainty cip management Intelligence• Greater operational complexity ativ t i on • Expanded citizen participation e go Border security• Collaborative innovation Daily operations a vernm GlocalizNew Economic Realities ent Public safety CrimeThe final months of 2008 sparked aglobal financial crisis in which stock mar­ Regional Civil protection Terrorismkets plummeted, banks were effec­ ively t Co Civil disobediencenationalized, and cash liquidity evapo­ llaborated. For urban busi­ esses, com­ u­ i­ n m n Political and Demographic rati sties, and workers, the ongoing recession rce military and health vehas been fast, broad, and deep. ou inn Energy and Social and s re ov environmental cultural ite atAs efforts to stimulate the economy io n Fi ntarget a new generation of public ser­ Global ts St r at re avices, sustainable safety and security gi th ehas been a key theme. This has meant cr isks andencouraging the transformation of ser­vice delivery, improvements in perfor­ Economic and financialmance, and the renewal of financial,social, and technological infrastruc­ures. t Figure 2: Drivers for Change in the Public SectorAs citizens reevaluate governmentagencies and the services they provide,there is a mandate for greater trans­ Such collaboration must also exist face greater risk when one or moreparency, accountability, and agility. As between cities and national govern­ national markets fails. As national gov­economic, social, and environmental ments. Because cities account for more ernments seek ways to avert furtherrenewal becomes more interdependent than 80% of global economic growth,3 economic crises, they must work withand fundamental to long-term success, a greater dependence among national urban leaders to ana­yze and reduce the lthere is also greater demand for economies means that urban econo­ ies m effects of these crises on city residents.citizen-centric services that are morefar-reaching and collaborative. 3. The Cities Alliance, “Guide to City Development Strategies: Improving Urban Performance,” (Washington, DC: The Cities Alliance, 2006), 1.6 SAP Thought Leadership – Building Safer, More Sustainable Cities

7.
Increasing Glocalization the biggest contributors to and victims Heightened Strategic Uncertainty of these disasters, then all communitiesMany of the hazards that cities need to face serious consequences. In public security there is no moreplan for start halfway around the world. normal, and expecting the unexpectedThe recent outbreak of H1N1 flu in a Urban leaders must also address the has become much more difficult. Tosingle Mexican city, for example, had many ways in which global develop­ address a new reality of uncertainty,very quick and dramatic impacts on ments in technology are changing the cities must prepare for a much broaderthe health, economies, and social inter­­ relationships between a city and its range of issues. These include:ac­ ions of cities around the globe. t citizens. The shift to a more informed, • Crime and civil disorderOther examples of such “glocalization” interactive, information-rich, individ­ al­ u • Climate and human-made disasters– meaning the impact of global trends ized, and Internet-based society requires • Technological threatsat the local level – include threats to a fundamental change in the way safety • Social unrest and fearworld energy pipe­ines, food supplies, l and security agencies communicate • Cultural adaptationsand technology net­ orks. There are w and interact with city residents. • Demographic changesalso more traditional areas of trans­ • Health threatsnational threats involving drugs, As global influences on local commu­ • Innovationterrorism, and organized crime. nities expand, many cities are empha­ • Energy scarcities siz­ng a broader security lifecycle, i • Environmental hazardsIn addition, cities must consider the initiating cross-agency missions, and • Financial and economic instabilityimpact of human-made disasters related establish­ng more sophisticated i • Political and military threatsto climate change or infrastructure measures of success for their security • Povertyfailure. Environmental damage, energy campaigns. Unfortunately, most cities • Infrastructure deteriorationconsumption, and resource utilization in lack either a complete picture of their • Terrorismone part of the world increasingly public security programs or the fullaffect other areas. If we do not tackle situational aware­ ess they need for n Even though the federal and regionalsustainability for cities, which are both operational effectiveness. agencies charged with urban security and safety play lead roles in addressing such risks, cities also have a part inAs citizens reevaluate government agencies and the ser- reducing strategic uncertainty. Theyvices they provide, there is a mandate for greater trans­ must factor in the pace, complexity, scale, and interdependency of variousparency, accountability, and agility. As economic, social, threats. They must determine whetherand environmental renewal becomes more interdependent existing approaches and resources are sufficient for today’s hazards. Whereand fundamental to long-term success, there is also traditional models are found lacking,greater demand for citizen-centric services that are more they must develop new strategies, skills, capabilities, technologies, processes,far-reaching and collaborative. intelligence assets, and cultures. SAP Thought Leadership – Building Safer, More Sustainable Cities 7

8.
To be fully prepared, cities need broad- To thrive, cities must trim their bureau­ New partnerships and the rapid inte­based intelligence and real-time situa­ cracies and minimize administrative gration of new technologies and pro­tional awareness built on sophisticated tasks by optimizing and streamlining cesses across government are alsoanalysis that is both actionable and pre­ key processes, architectures, and shaping the environment in which sys­dictive. They need a clear infor­ a­ ion m t infrastructures. This requires greater tem integrators, technology companies,picture that quickly identifies trends, process transparency and a better and service providers operate. Citiespatterns, and targets and makes deci­ alignment of agency strategies with must adapt to this new environment,sion making more timely and effective. available people, technology, skills, which includes: roles, budgets, and assets. • Greater mobilityGreater Operational Complexity • Richer content Expanded Citizen Participation • Secure information sharingToday cities face greater operational • Flexible working methodscomplexity, both in the day-to-day As cities become more complex and • Location-independent service deliverydelivery of services and in periods of diverse, they must find new ways to • “Smart” devices and sensors withheightened security and safety risks. engage the citizens, communities, built-in intelligenceIncreased operational complexity may and businesses they serve. Such • Predictive analysis engage­ ent helps to retain trust and m • Greater user sophistication confi­ ence and avoids a breakdown d of social cohesion, disengagement Technology can also address the desires of key parts of the community, and of today’s citizens for greater choice, creeping urban decay. access, convenience, speed, and trans­ parency. Those who interact with gov­ Engaging citizens in risk management, ern­ ent agencies online expect rich, m policy development, priority setting, pre­ highly personalized services. The vention, preparedness, and response advent of Web 2.0 (and soon Web 3.0), and recovery is the only way a city can coupled with advances in communica­ achieve a holistic, inclusive, and sus­­ tions technology, has put pressure on tainable environment. public safety and security agencies to create more intimacy in governmentresult from high levels of bureaucracy Collaborative Innovation services delivery.and regulation or the misalignment oforganizational capabilities and objec­ives t The blurring and merging of traditional While many urban agencies are usingwith actual hazards. It may also result models for business, competition, and technology to foster collaborativefrom disjointed systems and siloed poli­ services is also having a dramatic innovation, they must deploy the newcies. All too often, those who threaten impact on city governments and other models quickly and maximize their value.a city’s safety and security use opera­ public agencies. Business process out­ To meet citizen expectations, thesetional complexity to avoid detection. sourcing, shared services, and govern­ agencies need faster and easier inte­ ment on demand are examples of how gra­ ion of and better time to benefit for tMeanwhile, city residents increasingly public and private partnerships have new platforms, solutions, partnerships,demand coordinated service delivery, enhanced service delivery. Once and ideas. In addition to reduced costsaccountability, and compliance with focused on back-office services, these for information and communication, theestablished policies and procedures, partnerships have extended into the core new technologies offer greater trans­such as protection of their personal data. and operational areas of government. parency and strategic agility.8 SAP Thought Leadership – Building Safer, More Sustainable Cities

9.
Vulnerability, Risk, and ThreatsAn All-Hazards Approach to Safetyand SecurityEstablishing a holistic approach to Rising costs for justice and their drain A 2007 international conference on thesustainable safety and security means on public resources have been key state of safety in world cities spon­ ored staking an all-hazards perspective around factors in justice reform. Cities where by UN-HABITAT reported that “urbanvulnerability and determining which crime has stabilized or abated tend to safety is a multi-dimensional andrisks and threats are more prob­ ble a emphasize prevention, managing the complex issue” that must be viewedand have the greatest consequences risk of crime more effectively, and to “through a human and urban develop­for city stakeholders. Key areas in this use long-term, holistic approaches. ment lens.” Since urban crime andall-hazards approach include: violence emerge from social, economic,• Urban crime, fear, and violence Tackling violent crime, for example, and political causes, “a comprehensive• Drugs and organized crime means addressing violence against approach to urban safety that addresses• Terrorism women and children (including bullying). issues such as inequality, marginaliza­• Border protection and illegal Also effective is the targeting of high- tion, and poverty” and includes “all rele­ immigration risk offenders and victims – namely, vant stakeholders” should be applied.7• Major disasters and emergencies young men between 15 and 24 years.• Health threats In addition, many cities have increased The effective coordination of urban their focus on safety at schools, public safety and security programs throughUrban Crime, Fear, and Violence places, and major events and redoubled increased integration and strategic plan­ efforts to reduce urban gangs. They ning requires a common set of goals.Crime is high on the agenda of cities have built programs that divert risk It also needs a free and secure flow ofacross the globe. In cities held hostage groups from crime and foster prison information among the interestedby crime, communities and businesses reform and alternatives to prison — parties through the channels that bestsuffer along with victims and their offering better approaches to reha­ ili­ b suit their needs.families. Deteriorating neighborhoods tation and focusing on cross-agencycan often link their decline with high collaboration and community As cities take a more holistic andrates of fear, crime, and urban violence. restoration. strategic approach toward safety and security, they are expanding definitions of the dangers for which they must On the Rise nation like Great Britain, however, prepare and respond. They are also 55% of citizens surveyed say that expanding the infrastructure, skills, and Between 1980 and 2000, total record­ crime is the most important issue knowledge base they use to address ed crimes for every 100,000 people facing their country today.5 this larger list of concerns. With this rose from 2,300 to 3,000, according support, they can then: to the United Nations Human Settle­ A report by the United Nations Human • Identify, assess, and analyze potential ments Programme.4 Both total crime Settlements Programme notes that risks, threats, and hazards rates and rates of violent crimes have “poverty, unemployment, and inter­ • Develop and implement strategies for risen most sharply in Africa, Latin gen­ rational transmission of violence” e minimizing those concerns America, the Caribbean, and Eastern along with “poor urban planning, • Monitor recent safety and security Europe. Crime has actually declined design, and management” play key trends in North America and Western Europe, roles in crime and violence.6 Gangs • Execute safety and security plans where law enforcement resources are and easy access to firearms and • Monitor and evaluate the success of more plentiful. Even in a devel­ ped o drugs are also important drivers. these plans4. United Nations Center for Human Settlements, “Enhancing Urban Safety and Security: Global Report on Human Settlements 2007,” (London: Earthscan, 2007), xxvii.5. Cabinet Office, “Engaging Communities in Fighting Crime,” (London: Cabinet Office, 2008), 9.6. United Nations Center for Human Settlements, “Enhancing Urban Safety and Security,” xxiii.7. International Conference on the State of Safety in World Cities, “Conference Recommendations,” October 2007. SAP Thought Leadership – Building Safer, More Sustainable Cities 9

10.
As criminality evolves, cities mustadapt rapidly, institute new means ofdetection, share quality information To be fully prepared, cities need broad-based intelli-among all stakeholders, profile new gence and real-time situational awareness built oncrime trends and threats, and predictpotential incidents with greater accuracy. sophisticated analysis that is both actionable andCriminal data must be shared quickly to predictive. They need a clear information picture thatidentify subjects and profile criminalactivities. Law enforcement agencies quickly identifies trends, patterns, and targets andmust be able to correlate information makes decision making more timely and effective.and monitor investigative performance.For successful investigation of crimesand criminals, government officials must community resilience are also seen as seized, 25 million drug users wouldsynchronize information from the begin­ key pillars of effective crime prevention. still be looking for ways to satisfy theirning of a case through its full investiga­ addiction,” notes the United Nationstion. This includes information that comes A well-defined approach to tackling Office on Drugs and Crime. “So thefrom nontraditional sources such as crime prevention relies on better key to drug policy is reducing demandelectronic, video, or audio files. Such infor­ ation, intelligence, and analysis m for drugs and treating addiction.” That,coordination requires complete visibility of the crime and threat picture. Using the agency says, “means putting moreinto the full investigative pro­ ess that lets c stronger cross-agency and community resources into prevention and treat­ ent, mofficials audit, analyze, categorize, and approach­ s requires greater infor­ a­ e m as well as research to better under­prioritize a wide variety of case details tion sharing. stand what makes people vulner­ bleaand identify, track, and trace case to addiction.”9exhib­ts. In addition, crime-fighting units i Drugs and Organized Crimemust find new ways to share informa­ion t Fueling the demand for drugs is a well-with other internal or external agen­ ies c Illegal drug use and organized crime entrenched supply network supportedwithout compro­ is­ng security. m i provide complex challenges for cities. by a fluid and highly adaptive network Although significant strides have been of criminal organizations involved withCrime prevention in the last decade made in recent decades, abuse of drugs, illegal immigration, trafficking,has become ever more effective and cocaine and a wide range of synthetic identify fraud, and counterfeiting. Suchsophisticated. The adoption of a holistic drugs is on the rise. After a period of organizations are highly prevalent inapproach to address situational, social, stability, drug abuse may again be grow­ cities, where local associations areeconomic, and environmental crime ing in developing nations, according to established with urban gangs andrisks has led to a range of strategies the United Nations Office on Drugs criminals.and tools through which agencies and and Crime.8 As local authorities targetcommunities work together to deter traditional routes for drug trafficking, As globalization changes the nature,crime. Building more sophisticated new routes have been created. form, and structure of legitimate orga­approaches to justice and offender nizations, criminal networks and asso­management is also part of this holistic “Even if the world’s entire supply of ciations are shifting from traditionalapproach. Designing out crime, tar­ et­ g cannabis, coca, and opium was elimi­ hierarchical structures to loose, agileing high-risk groups, and developing nated and all drugs in circulation were networks that use technology to avoid 8. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, “Annual Report 2009,” 11. 9. Ibid, 19.10 SAP Thought Leadership – Building Safer, More Sustainable Cities

11.
detection. Tackling the production, Cities must place greater emphasis on Effective programs for urban safety andsupply, and demand of drugs – as well protecting critical infrastructure that is security must include coordination withas other activities of organized crime – particularly vulnerable to terrorist attack. national authorities to identify criminalrequires well-coordinated, cross-border Developing common risk assessments, elements who live in cities illegally.action at the global, national, regional, building continuity capabilities, and They must also seek to eliminate cul­and local levels. en­ aging all stakeholders in prevention, g tural ghettos that can be magnets for preparedness, and resilience building are these elements through education andMany regional initiatives have been vital to sustainable safety and security. economic initiatives that help to inte­launched to address trafficking and grate immigrants who arrive legally.organized crime in a unified way. Law Cities must identify their capacities toenforcement agencies should also bring together the resources they wouldco­ perate with the pharmaceutical o require in the event of a terrorist attack In addition to aligning pro-industry to reduce supplies of illicit syn­ and address continuity issues that would cesses for incident andthetic drugs. To support these efforts, result from such an attack. They mustcities need knowledge man­ gement a determine how they would reconstitute resource management,systems that facilitate the sharing and and recover key response systems. This an integrated environmentanalysis of local and regional data. They requires extended information-sharingalso need support for designing their capabilities, partic­ larly with respect to u makes it easier to coordi-role in regional drug elimination efforts. the national and international agencies nate emergency resources that fight terror­sm. By working with iTerrorism finan­ ial institu­ ions to identify money- c t and programs. It helps launder­ng activity, cities can flush i ensure that all processesTerrorism has also historically targeted out and eli­ i­ ate locally based mnmajor cities with their densely popu­ terrorist groups. operate in a decentralizedlated areas, vulnerable public spaces, manner when necessary.and large concentrations of critical infra­ Border Protection and Illegalstructure. Just a few recent examples Immigration Even if primary sources forare Mumbai, India; Madrid, Spain; New data include multiple sys-York; and London. With a diverse and Halting drug use, organized crime, andinternational blend of communities, cities terrorism requires greater control over tems, databases, applica-can be home for sections of the popu­a­ l national borders and illegal immigration. tions, and safety sensors,tion that are willing to support or partic­ Enhanced travel by air, land, and seaipate in certain types of terrorist activity. has made border control an increasing­ a well-integrated solution ly important issue for both national and framework can serve asBoth national and city-based antiterror­ city agencies. Certainly the influx ofism solutions must be multifaceted. They immigrants from neighboring countries the operational hub thatmust target hard-core extremists and can diversify city communities and helps a city effectivelythose who feel disengaged or excluded enhance urban workforces. But loosefrom the broader city commu­ ity. Strong n border control also encourages human prepare for and respondintelligence and surveillance tools and trafficking as well as an influx of drugs,the ability to identify key local issues criminals fleeing prosecution in their to any emergency orare vital to this multifaceted approach. own countries, and terrorists seeking disaster. opportunities to further their agendas. SAP Thought Leadership – Building Safer, More Sustainable Cities 11

12.
Here too cities need actionable intelli­ events at the incident site, the needs responsibilities can minimize the chaosgence drawn from government and of personnel handling the incident, and period of an emergency or disaster andnongovernment sources to locate and actions taken to manage the incident. facilitate effective and coordinated con­prosecute illegal immigrants who pose trol. It also makes sense to coordinatea safety or security threat. They need To maintain appropriate command and strategies for disaster managementelectronic identification cards that make control of an emergency situation, with land-use planning and the designit easier to identify legitimate residents stakeholders must fully understand the of disaster-resistant infrastructure.and visitors as well as improved tech­ ol­ n nature of the situation and the risks Here, the challenge is to find effectiveogy for baggage and freight screen­ng. i involved. They must understand pos­ ways to leverage the technical exper­They also need analytics for recogniz­ng i sible response strategies, segmented tise that planners have developed.and handling border threats and collab­ by incident, command level, and orga­orative processes for working with secu­ nization. Stakeholders also need accu­ The IT solutions that cities use forrity agencies in other parts of the world. rate and complete contact information emergency management must provide for each other. fully integrated, comprehensive supportNatural Disasters and Other for call handling and resolution, roster­Emergencies In addition, stakeholders must be ing, and resource management. They able to activate preplanned responses must also support geographic informa­In the last few years, many regions involving multiple organizations both tion systems, mobile systems, knowl­of the world have experienced the rapidly and effectively. Helping each edge management, and analytics. Thedevastating impacts that climate-related organization understand its particular solutions should provide a centralizeddisasters can have upon life, property,and communities. The fires in Australiaand Greece, tsunamis in the Pacific A Growing Threat Cities are particularly vulnerable toRim, hurricanes in the United States, nat­ ral disasters due to their high uand floods in Europe are just a few “More than 7,000 major [natural] popu­­ tion densities, concentration la­examples. While improved warning disasters have been recorded since of economic activity, environmentalsystems and aid mechanisms have 1970,” according to the United Nations mod­­­ifications, and location nearreduced the number of lives lost from Department of Economic and Social coastal zones. Of the 33 cities wherenatural disasters, their impact on Affairs, “causing at least $2 trillion in popula­ions are expected to reach thumans and communities remains a damage, killing at least 2.5 million eight million or more by 2015, 21 aremajor concern. people, and adversely affecting the located in coastal areas. Put another lives of countless others.”10 Largely way, about 40% of the world’s popu­At the heart of urban emergency man­ due to climate change, annual global lation lives within reach of severeagement is the ability to plan for and dam­ ges from natural disasters a coastal storms. Meanwhile, urbanrespond quickly to a variety of sudden between 2000 and 2006 were seven landscapes them­ elves are probably sthreats, whether they result from times as great as in the 1970s.11 exacerbating the impact of climateclimate change, a failure of technology, change. Cities with inadequate build­or other factors. All stakeholders need ing codes are especially susceptibletimely access to information related to to loss of life and property.12requests for resources, emerging 10. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, “World Economic and Social Survey 2008: Overcoming Economic Insecurity,’” (New York: United Nations, 2008), xiii. 11. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, “Policy Brief No. 6,” September 2008, 1. 12. United Nations Center for Human Settlements, “Enhancing Urban Safety and Security,” xxxi.12 SAP Thought Leadership – Building Safer, More Sustainable Cities

13.
view of all resources and their readi­ ess n Health Threats and avian influenza in recent years –status and support a highly flexible, additional evidence that our worldfully integrated framework for organi­ Health security is an emerging concept faces increasing frequency of newzational management. with global resonance. It addresses infectious diseases. This new health acute health events that endanger security reality requires a coordinatedIn addition to aligning an organization’s global communities, irrespective of approach to awareness, surveillance,processes for incident and resource their geographical boundaries. prevention, and containment.management, an integrated environ­ ent mmakes it easier to coordinate emer­ With billions of passengers annually Cities are also at the forefront ofgency resources and programs for a traveling through a global transport accidental and terrorist-driven healthdiverse range of organizations and network, diseases can spread much threats, such as the anthrax contagiongeographies. It helps ensure that all more quickly than at any other time in in the United States. In addition, theyprocesses operate in a decentralized our history. For example, consider the face risks around radio-nuclear leaks,manner when necessary. Even if pri­ speed at which our connected world toxic spills, food contamination, chemi­mary sources for data include multiple enabled the H1N1 flu to spread from cal spills, and heat waves.systems, databases, applications, Mexico to virtually every country.and safety sensors, a well-integratedsolution framework can serve as the Along with H1N1, we have seen theoperational hub that helps a city effec­ outbreak of severe acute respiratorytively prepare for and respond to any syndrome (SARS), the Ebola virus,emergency or disaster.A broad range of technologies is evolv­ing to buttress urban emergency man­ With the right technology, cities can design andagement programs. Interactive mapping implement forward-looking safety and securitycan help agencies plan and deploy theirstrategies together. Support for resource programs. They can assess their risks, measure therequests and tracking can help ensure outcome of new initiatives, and operate these pro­that sufficient supplies are on hand andarrive where they are needed. Journal grams more efficiently. They can improve commu­recording can provide a time-stamped nication within organizations, between members ofrecord of events. Instant messaging canallow secure communication between a safety and security partnership, and between theresponders in real time. Cities also need partnership and city residents.access to top-line weather fore­ asting cdata, Doppler radar, and weather alerts. SAP Thought Leadership – Building Safer, More Sustainable Cities 13

14.
Getting It DoneTechnology’s Role in AddressingNew Realities At the same time, there is increasing pressure on cities to strike a balance In developing a deep and intimate understanding of between gathering the data they need cities’ needs, SAP has created applications that make and protecting the private information of their citizens. While urban citizens safety and security agencies more transparent, account­ increasingly demand e-government able, lean, and agile. Based on the knowledge and solutions that increase transparency and convenience, they have also experience of our customers and their stakeholders, become more concerned about identity SAP solutions foster collaboration and a holistic, theft and institutional invasion into their most personal concerns. Cities must citizen-centered service approach. thus be discriminating in the information they choose to gather and take steps to help ensure that the transmission ofCities will be defined in the 21st century In too many cases, however, city agen­ that data is completely secure.by their ability to adapt to new realities cies cannot capture, consolidate, ana­that require shared destinies, respon­­ lyze, and securely share data within Optimizing city resources and respon­sibilities, and solutions. While interna­­ their own ranks – let alone share infor­ siveness requires unified public admin­tional, federal, and regional organiza­ions t mation and intelligence with other agen­ istration services, such as governmentwill retain key roles in shaping a new cies, the private sector, or their citizens. financials, human capital management,landscape, agencies in cities and sur­ and procurement. The public adminis­rounding metropolitan areas will likely be Key information, along with key pro­ ess­ c tration area is also the logical startingthe thought leaders and change agents es, is typically siloed among multiple point for governments to deploy sharedfor safety, security, and sustainability. applications with no central data reposi­ services across diverse agencies. tory. Achieving the holistic, strategicallyWith the right technology, cities can based safety and security programs Automating the public administrativedesign and implement forward-looking that cities need requires open technol­ area is not enough today, however.safety and security programs. They can ogy platforms through which informa­iont Cities also need comprehensive pro­assess their risks, measure the out­ ome c can be exchanged in any form, through cesses that support each agency andof new initiatives, and operate these any channel, between all users. This its individual lines of business. Histori­programs more efficiently. They can means making the most of Internet- cally, governments have built in-houseimprove communication within orga­ i­n based, Web 2.0 technologies that facili­ systems for these areas or boughtzations, between members of a safety tate communication, information sharing, isolated best-of-breed solutions.and security partnership, and between and collaboration.the partnership and city residents.14 SAP Thought Leadership – Building Safer, More Sustainable Cities

15.
SAP® Solutions for Safer, MoreSustainable CitiesA Fully Integrated and Scalable ApproachIn developing a deep and intimate under­ For many years, SAP applications have workforce that uses all resources,standing of cities’ needs, SAP has served as catalysts for transforming assets, personnel, and informationcreated applications that make safety safety and security agencies at the city, more effectively.and security agencies more trans­ arent, p state, local, and federal levels. Usingaccountable, lean, and agile. Based the SAP Business Suite applications, The SAP Investigative Case Manage­on the knowledge and experience of agencies involved in law enforcement, ment for Public Sector package, forour customers and their stakeholders, criminal justice, correctional services, example, helps city agencies establishSAP® solutions foster collaboration border protection, intelligence, and first a single integrated landscape for hand­and a holistic, citizen-centered service response can significantly improve ling collaborative services. City agen­ ies capproach. They also support best prac­ orga­ izational efficiency and effective­ n can use the software to handle identity,tices and deliver the forward-looking ness. Time and again, SAP customers incident, intelligence, case, and servicesupport cities need for: demonstrate clear value to their stake­ management in a cohesive and compre­• Sustainable and inclusive government holders and become leaders within hensive manner. Citizens bene­it from f• Service excellence their peer groups. consistent ser­ ices delivered through v• Intelligence- and knowledge-led multiple channels. strategies Service Excellence• Informed and engaged communities Intelligence- and Knowledge-Led• Collaboration and innovation Urban citizens, communities, and busi­ Strategies nesses have high expectations forSustainable and Inclusive service delivery from their government. As cities adopt an all-hazards approachGovernment For many, choice, access, conve­ ience, n to safety and security, risk-based deci­ speed, interactivity, and personalization sion making becomes vital in choosingThe financial crisis has changed, perhaps are key to a successful service expe­ i­ r the right investments, setting priorities,for a generation, the complex relation­ ence. Those with greater needs or spe­ allocating resources, and installing tech­ship among citizens, business, and cial circumstances may require different, nology. For a clear understanding of theirgovernment. Governments at all levels more individualized service involving safety and security risks, cities mustmust now be more transparent and multiple agencies, stake­ olders, and h be able to capture data and quali­ ative tplay a greater role in shaping economic, locations. As city agencies transform indicators from a variety of sources andsocial, and environmental policy. They their operations, they must use tech­ use that information to identify relatedmust make better use of taxpayers’ nology to integrate a broader range of patterns and trends. They must coor­money, become more efficient and service outcomes. dinate city demograph­cs, economic ieffective, and exercise leadership in the indicators, security risks, and crimesustainable use of available resources SAP applications help public safety and statistics with environmental scanningand assets. As cities’ safety and secur­ security agencies transform their orga­ to make strategic policy choices.ity agencies play their part in this effort, nizations and deliver new, significantlythey must leverage technology in devel­ improved services. The software canoping adaptive and smart security. foster a high-performing, well-motivated SAP Thought Leadership – Building Safer, More Sustainable Cities 15

16.
In the area of criminal justice, for bring greater transparency, account­ for capabilities such as 311, case man­example, a city must identify offenders ability, and accessibility to their ser­ ices. v agement, and information managementand hot spots, analyze underlying While experience shows that effective, to help agencies provide citizen-centriccauses of crime, and set specific crime ongoing success depends on involving services.reduction goals. It must then turn its all key participants in long-term, pro­knowledge and analysis into executable active strategies, this means that city Collaboration and Innovationstrategies; effectively manage program agencies must weigh many differentdelivery; optimize multiple agencies; opinions about how to prioritize their Cities must address the institutional,and orchestrate a common vision, set resources. cultural, and policy challenges associ­of objectives, and outcomes. ated with coordinated services, shared In the area of criminal justice, for information, joint operations, commonUsing SAP applications, city safety and example, cities must work with local objectives, and service delivery. Tech­security agencies can better identify, citizens, communities, and businesses nology, while only part of the answer,assess, and mitigate risk. Our custom­ to reduce opportunities for crime, build can change government cultures anders in justice, intelligence, first respond­ r, e community-based responses, target bring agencies together to tackle safetyborder protection, disaster manage­ ent,m early intervention for high-risk groups, and security issues.and law enforcement sectors have used and address school violence. They mustthe applications to repurpose, reshape, also be involved in creating more effi­ Indeed, safety and security agenciessustain, and adapt their organizations cient courts, using restorative justice, are at the forefront of using technologyto support a more intelligence- and improving offender management, and to share information and intelligenceknowledge-led approach. implementing community-based reso­ securely, develop common cross- lution. Similar strategies are useful in agency objectives, manage risk, andSAP software enables cities to create a handling school safety, urban violence, improve services. With the advent ofsingle, fully integrated environment for border protection, counterterrorism, fire the Internet, the smart grid, and othermanaging data, information, knowledge, safety, drugs abuse, antisocial behavior, emergency technology innovations,and performance across the safety and gangs, domestic violence, or emer­ ency g cities can make sure their technologysecurity landscape. They can support and disaster management. infrastructures are future-proofed.cross-agency collaboration and deliverknowledge-led services that address SAP offers cities a range of applica­ions t SAP’s emphasis on collaborative inno­risk and facilitate a long-term approach for improving governance and transpar­ vation and a closed-loop innovationto sustainable security. Cities can use ency. These applications can help cities cycle means that new technologies canthis support to identify areas that are introduce greater checks and balances be readily introduced and integratedmost vulnerable to natural disasters, in the process of government service within city landscapes. The Industrylaunch programs to reduce opportu­ ­s­ni delivery, improve governance, manage Value Network group for public secur­tic crime, and divert high-risk groups compliance, reduce fraud, improve data ity, an integral part of our strong partneraway from crime. protection, and eliminate waste. ecosystem, gives cities a unique oppor­ tunity for collaboration and innovation.Informed and Engaged SAP software provides support forCommunities extending city outreach and providing Cities can combine the SAP Netweaver® multichannel access to government technology platform with SAP analyticalAnother consequence of the recent services. A range of functions supports and industry-focused software and SAPfinancial crisis is that governments the Web 2.0 technologies that help cities partner solutions for ongoing innova­ion, tmust become more open to new ideas, provide rich information and reports to fast adoption of new technologies, andpartnerships, and technologies that their communities. There is also sup­ ort p a lower total cost of ownership.16 SAP Thought Leadership – Building Safer, More Sustainable Cities

17.
A Comprehensive Software PortfolioSupporting Key Safety and SecurityProcessesSAP has made a strong, long-term Central to this effort is a morecommitment to the public sector and comprehensive sharing of information fordeveloped an extensive software port­ greater transparency – both betweenfolio for managing the comprehensive members of strategic urban partner­processes involved in an effective safety ships and between the partnershipsand security program. We support a and city residents. Also important isthriving safety and security ecosystem enabling information transfer that isthat includes Industry Value Network secure and sensitive to citizens’ privacymembers who are at the top of their concerns and meets the uniquefield. As a leading provider in the public require­ ents of each urban jurisdiction. msector and public security markets,SAP offers the proven software and In these ways and others, technologysupport to help cities achieve best- can help cities thrive in the face of chal­in-class safety and security outcomes. lenges that have become increas­nglyiSoftware from SAP provides a central­ broad-ranging and complex. It can helpized landscape for managing: urban agencies optimize both their• Intelligence and information sharing responsiveness and their resources for• Emergencies and disasters greater safety, security, and sustainability.• Justice and offenders• Investigations and cases The Next Step• Border security and immigration• Command and operations SAP offers an extensive software• Public security analytics and risk port­olio with robust functionality to f management enable sustainable government through• Strategic IT service excellence, intelligence- and knowl­ dge-led strategies, informed eTechnology’s Power to Enable Safe, and engaged communities, and collab­Secure Cities oration and innovation. To learn more about the many ways that SAP soft­Urban planning for safety and security ware can sup­ ort your safety and secu­ pmust incorporate or link to initiatives for rity programs, please contact your SAPreducing poverty and economic inequal­ sales repre­ entative or visit us online sity, improving education, and extending at www.sap.com/safer-and-more-quality health care to all citizens. Tech­ sustainable-cities.nology can help cities integrate thesemany initiatives into effective holisticstrategies. SAP Thought Leadership – Building Safer, More Sustainable Cities 17