A software process that requests and uses the services provided by a server.

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Describe the Client-Server model.

A client software process initiates a request for a service from a server software process and the server responds to that request.

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What is a protocol?

A set of agreed signals, codes and rules for data exchange between systems.

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What is a protocol stack?

A collection of protocol layers. Each layer is responsible for part of the process governed by the stack.

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Name the 4 layers of the TCP/IP protocol stack.

Application layer, Transport layer, Network layer, Link layer.

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What is a port?

An address for a software process.

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Which protocols are used in the Application layer?

Telnet, FTP, SMTP, POP3, HTTP

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What protocols are used in the Transport and Network layers respectively?

Transport: TCP, Network: IP

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What is a socket?

A combination of a host IP address and a port number.

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What does the Application layer do?

Handles the details of a particular networking application. Uses different protocols for different applications.

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What does the Transport layer do?

Uses TCP to ensure a reliable flow of data and relieves applications from having to deal with the problems of connecting the hosts, detecting when errors occur, retransmitting packets and detecting when a connection is broken.

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What does the Network layer do?

Adds source and destination IP addresses to packets on their way from the transport layer to the link layer and removes these when packets are on their way from the link layer to the transport layer.

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What does the Link layer do?

Handles all the physical details of interfacing the cable, including the network interface card and a device driver.