Nystagmus

Definition

Nystagmus is a type of involuntary movement of the eyes. The movement usually alternates between slow and fast and involves both eyes.

Different types of nystagmus are:

Horizontal—side-to-side

Vertical—up and down

Rotatory—circular

Infantile—tends to develop between ages 6 weeks and 3 months and is the most common type

Acquired—occurs later in life

Causes

The direct cause of nystagmus is instability in the motor system that controls the eyes. Sometimes it can be the result of poor vision and is called sensory nystagmus. In some cases, the cause of nystagmus is unknown.

Risk Factors

Factors that may increase your chance of nystagmus include:

Genetic tendency

A family member with nystagmus

Poor development of eye control that may be caused by an eye disease or visual problem during infancy, such as bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia or congenital cataracts

The ophthalmologist will also look for other eye problems that may be related to the nystagmus, such as strabismus,
cataracts, or abnormality of the optic nerves or retina.

The ear specialist will look for signs of ear infection, and for worsening of the nystagmus with head positions.

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Removal of the cause of nystagmus can sometimes eliminate the problem, such as discontinuing a medication or stopping alcohol or drug use. However, nystagmus often is a permanent condition that can only be reduced and not eliminated. Treatment options to reduce nystagmus and improve vision include the following:

Prisms, tints, eyeglasses, or contact lenses

Adopting a particular angle of vision where the nystagmus is reduced, such as holding the head in a certain position

Prevention

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.