Goldman Sachs’ high-frequency trading system generates millions of dollars in annual profits for the firm. Obtained in 1999 as part of Goldman’s $500 million acquisition of Hull Trading Company, the high-frequency trading system has since been modified and maintained, and Goldman Sachs took significant measures to protect the confidentiality of the system’s computer programs (including firewalls to limit access to the firm’s computer network, and limiting internal access to the high-frequency trading program). Several measures were taken to protect the system’s source code, including requiring all Goldman Sachs employees to agree to a confidentiality agreement..... Read More