As together with his 1994 e-book, complicated Blowout and good regulate, Grace bargains a booklet that offers verified practices and strategies for good regulate, all in accordance with strong engineering ideas and his personal greater than 25 years of hands-on box adventure. particular events are reviewed in addition to targeted systems to research possible choices and take on difficulties.

This reference offers a accomplished description of stream via porous media and strategies to strain diffusion difficulties in homogenous, layered, and heterogeneous reservoirs. It covers the basics of interpretation concepts for formation tester strain gradients, and pretests, multiprobe and packer strain temporary assessments, together with by-product, convolution, and pressure-rate and pressure-pressure deconvolution.

Oil and fuel Pipelines and Piping platforms: layout, building, administration, and Inspection offers all of the serious facets wanted for oil and gasoline piping and pipeline tracking and upkeep, in addition to strategies to lessen high priced disruptions inside operations. damaged up into logical components, the publication starts off with assurance on pipelines, together with crucial subject matters, reminiscent of fabric choice, designing for oil and fuel important amenities, tank farms and depots, the development and installment of transportation pipelines, pipe cleansing, and upkeep checklists.

Additional resources for Agricultural and Mineral Commodities Year Book

Sample text

Ghana’s bauxite reserves are estimated at 780m. tons. Although the country lacks an alumina refinery, it possesses a substantial aluminium smelter facility, located at Tema, which processes imported alumina. The smelter is operated by the Volta Aluminium Co (VALCO), which is 90% owned by Kaiser. However, in recent years severe drought has caused serious shortages of electricity for the VALCO smelter, and by mid-1998 only one of its five potlines was in operation. By 2000, however, the situation had improved, VALCO operating an average of four potlines in that year.

However, the proposed terms of the Pechiney-Alcanalgroup merger encountered opposition from the European Commission, on the grounds that the combined grouping could restrict market competition and adversely affect the interests of consumers. The tripartite merger plan was abandoned in April 2000, in favour of a merger between Alcan and algroup, which was effected in 34 AGRICULTURAL AND MINERAL COMMODITIES YEAR BOOK Production of Bauxite (crude ore, ’000 metric tons) * Estimated production. †Dried equivalent of crude ore.

After mining, bauxite is fed to process directly if mine-run material is adequate (as in Jamaica) or is crushed and beneficiated. Where the ore ‘as mined’ presents handling problems, or weight reduction is desirable, it may be dried prior to shipment. At the alumina plant the ore is slurried with spent-liquor directly, if the soft Caribbean type is used, or, in the case of other types, it is ball-milled to reduce it to a size which will facilitate the extraction of the alumina. The bauxite slurry is then digested with caustic soda to extract the alumina from the ore while leaving the impurities as an insoluble residue.