Psychiatry. "Beginning in the 1700s, increased emphasis was placed on detailed and accurate descriptions of abnormal mental processes and states. Philippe Pinel, a French physician considered to be one of the founders of modern psychiatry, argued for an objective medico-philosophical approach to psychological disorders. He advocated that '. . . only symptoms that are manifest to the senses through external signs, such as the speech, strange gestures, the expression of certain bizarre and uncontrolled emotions . . . are taken into account'" (Martin L. Korn, "Historical Roots of Schizophrenia," CME, Psychiatry Clinical Management, Volume 5, presented by Medical Education Collaborative and Medscape, June 21, 2001).