in mining engineering, the opening of large underground rooms, or stopes, by the excavation of ore. Stoping is practiced in underground mineral mining when the surrounding rock is strong enough to permit the drilling, blasting, and removal of ore without caving. In mines where the rock requires no artificial support, the operation is known as open stoping. A common open-stoping ...

Canadian-American geologist who independently developed the theory of magmatic stoping, whereby molten magma rises through the Earth’s crust and shatters, but does not melt, the surrounding rocks. The rocks, being denser than the magma, then sink, making room for the magma to rise. This theory was instrumental in explaining the structure of many igneous rock formations....

...being an upward taper in which the pipe is smaller in diameter at the top than at the mouth. Or, the top of the pipe may be completely closed by a stopper. Such a pipe is said to be stopped; a stopped pipe sounds an octave lower in pitch than an open pipe of the same speaking length....

poem by Robert Frost, published in the collection New Hampshire (1923). One of his most frequently explicated works, it describes a solitary traveler in a horse-drawn carriage who is both driven by the business at hand and transfixed by a wintry woodland scene. The poem is composed of four iambic tetrameter quatrains, and the meditative lyric derives it...

...proceed through successively improved solutions until either an optimal solution is reached or further calculation cannot be justified. A rational basis for terminating such a process—known as “stopping rules”—involves the determination of the point at which the expected improvement of the solution on the next trial is less than the cost of the trial....

...Because the charged particle is thousands of times more massive than the electrons with which it is interacting, it is deflected relatively little from a straight-line path as it comes to rest. The time that elapses before the particle is stopped ranges from a few picoseconds (1 × 10−12 second) in solids or liquids to a few nanoseconds (1 × 10−9......

municipality and port, western Norway, north of the mouth of Stor Fjord. The municipality is set on several islands—including Nørvøya, Aspøya, Heissa (Hessa), and Oksnøya—which are connected by bridges. According to legend, the settlement dates from the 9th century when Rollo (Rolf) the Ganger established a chieftain seat nearby, but township status was......

...Sweden. The park was established in 1909 and is located immediately north of Sarek National Park, near the Norwegian border. The park’s name, meaning “great waterfall,” refers to Stora Falls, the falls in the upper Lule River that plunge 130 feet (40 metres) over a rocky crest. The park is an extensively mountainous and glacial region divided longitudinally by other large......

The town developed around an old copper mine (dating from the late 13th century) and became the headquarters of the Stora Kopparberg Mining Company, probably the oldest industrial corporation in the world, chartered in 1347. The town’s greatest period of prosperity occurred in the 17th century, when the mine’s revenue provided a major part of the national income of Sweden. Falun was chartered......

national park in northwestern Sweden. The park was established in 1909 and is located immediately north of Sarek National Park, near the Norwegian border. The park’s name, meaning “great waterfall,” refers to Stora Falls, the falls in the upper Lule River that plunge 130 feet (40 metres) over a rocky crest. The park is an extensively mountainous and glacial re...

His sister, Anna Selina (Nancy) Storace (1765–1817), was a noted soprano who sang her first leading role in Florence at age 15. She also created the role of Susanna in Mozart’s The Marriage of Figaro (1786) after singing the role of Rosina in the Viennese production of Giovanni Paisiello’s The Barber of Seville in 1783....

...of Moore’s law. For relatively little money, subscribers to commercial cloud systems created by Amazon, Microsoft, Google, and others could secure seemingly infinite amounts of computation and data storage. Usage of those big clouds continued to accelerate in 2016, while most incumbent companies from the client/server era struggled to cope....

...the latter usually more powerful. Often these floods assume catastrophic dimensions caused by the poor ground retention of the rainfall. There has long been an urgent need for the construction of storage basins, work on which was initiated on a large scale in the decades following World War II. The largest storage basin is in the Danube River valley on the frontier between Romania and Serbia......

In contrast to primary cells, which are discharged once and then discarded, storage batteries can be supplied with direct current (DC) of the correct polarity and recharged to or near their original energy content and power capability—i.e., they can repeatedly store electrical energy. In discharging, the difference in electrical potential (voltage) of a battery’s electrodes causes......

Once fish is frozen, it must be stored at a constant temperature of −23 °C (−10 °F) or below in order to maintain a long shelf life and ensure quality. A large portion of fresh fish is water (e.g., oysters are more than 80 percent water). Because the water in fish contains many dissolved substances, it does not uniformly freeze at the freezing point of pure water. Instead,......

...trailers are also available, but they must be equipped with ejector mechanisms. In a direct discharge type of station, several collection trucks empty directly into the transport vehicle. In a storage discharge type of station, refuse is first emptied into a storage pit or onto a platform, and then machinery is used to hoist or push the solid waste into the transport vehicle. Large......

The removed fuel stored in the storage pool not only is highly radioactive but also continues to produce energy (referred to as decay heat). This energy is removed by natural circulation of the water in the storage pool. During the 1960s, when the nuclear industry was in its early stage, it was expected that spent fuel could be shipped out for reprocessing within two years. However, this option......

type of cyclic particle accelerator that stores and then accelerates two counterrotating beams of charged subatomic particles before bringing them into head-on collision with each other. Because the net momentum of the oppositely directed beams is zero, all the energy of the colliding beams is available to produce very-hig...

A number of postharvest plant diseases, collectively known as storage rot, are caused by R. stolonifer and R. arrhizus. In warm conditions, these fungi can affect the soft tissues of harvested fruits, often causing a watery leakage and rendering them inedible. Leak disease in strawberries and tomatoes, soft rot and ring rot in sweet potatoes, pole rot in tobacco......

Distribution storage tanks, familiar sights in many communities, serve two basic purposes: equalizing storage and emergency storage. Equalizing storage is the volume of water needed to satisfy peak hourly demands in the community. During the late night and very early morning hours, when water demand is lower, high-lift pumps fill the tank. During the day, when water demand is higher, water......

...glass tube equipped with a rubber ball at the top end for sucking liquid into the tube. Immersion depth of the bulb is calibrated to read the desired characteristic. A typical instrument is the storage-battery hydrometer, by means of which the specific gravity of the battery liquid can be measured and the condition of the battery determined. Another instrument is the radiator hydrometer, in......

any of about 120 species of the genus Styrax, shrubs and trees of the family Styracaceae, mostly in tropical or warm regions. The deciduous leaves are alternate and short-stalked. The white flowers, usually borne in pendulous terminal clusters, have a five-lobed corolla (the petals, collectively). Among the best-known cultivated species are S. japonicum (Japanese snowbell), native to...

...Mandelic acid is toxic to bacteria in acidic solution and is used to treat urinary infections. Cinnamic acid, an unsaturated carboxylic acid, is the chief constituent of the fragrant balsamic resin storax. Ibuprofen and naproxen are important painkilling and anti-inflammatory drugs. Ibuprofen is sold over-the-counter under proprietary names such as Advil and Nuprin. Naproxen is sold under names...

Styracaceae, or the silver bells family, are evergreen or deciduous trees or shrubs of warm north temperate to tropical regions, including Malesia, North America, and South America. There are some 11 genera and 160 species in the family. Styrax (about 120 species) is by far the largest genus, occurring throughout much of the family range. Rehderodendron (nine species),......

...five Fi 97 aircraft built by Fieseler’s company were placed in top positions. With the benefit of his accumulated experience, he went on to develop the aircraft for which he became most famous, the Fi 156 Storch. Some 3,000 were manufactured, of which several are still flying....

...Roman Catholic practices and Lutheran ideas of reform. He increasingly adopted the view that true authority lay in the inner light given by God to his own, rather than in the Bible, a view taught by Nikolaus Storch, a leader of a reform group known as the “Zwickau prophets.” Storch also convinced Müntzer that the end of the world was imminent. Driven away from Zwickau in 1521,......

...control in order to emulate Dorsey’s seamless, unbroken melodic passages. It was also during this period that Sinatra proved his mastery of both ballads and up-tempo numbers, and Dorsey arrangers Axel Stordahl, Paul Weston, and Sy Oliver soon tailored their arrangements to highlight Sinatra’s skills. Often teamed with singer Connie Haines, or with Dorsey’s vocal group, The Pied Pipers......

strait between the Danish islands of Funen (Fyn) and Langeland (west) and Zealand (Sjælland) and Lolland (east). It is about 40 miles (64 km) long and connects the Baltic Sea with the Kattegat (an arm of the North Sea between Jutland [Denmark] and Sweden)....

...lies between southern Jutland and Zealand and is bounded by the Little Belt (strait) to the west and the Great Belt to the east. Both straits are crossed by rail and road connections, including the Great Belt Fixed Link, a bridge and tunnel system that joins Funen with Zealand via the island of Sprogø. The fertile clay loams of the rolling morainic landscape support agriculture (grains......

In the title story of his first collection, Den store fjende (1961; “The Great Enemy”), Holm described how a village church on a precipice is gradually crumbling and falling into the sea; the village is a metaphor for a society that has become warped by politics and in which the urge to prosper has become man’s central fulfillment. In Det private Liv (1974; “The......

...as a writer. For many years he lived abroad, in France, Italy, Germany, and England. His reputation in the English-speaking world was established with Den store hunger (1916; The Great Hunger), a novel about the lure and shortcomings of modern technology. He also wrote an ambitious novel about America’s Norwegian immigrants, Vor egen stamme......

A writer since 1923, Vesaas first experienced significant success with his two novels about life on a Norwegian farm, Det store spelet (1934; The Great Cycle) and Kvinner ropar heim (1935; “Women Call Home”). His growing political and social awareness mark his Kimen (1940; The Seed), which shows how hatred is stirred up by mass psychology, and......

strait between the Danish islands of Funen (Fyn) and Langeland (west) and Zealand (Sjælland) and Lolland (east). It is about 40 miles (64 km) long and connects the Baltic Sea with the Kattegat (an arm of the North Sea between Jutland [Denmark] and Sweden)....

...advertisements, and trash. An awareness of the sculptural possibilities of these objects led to a shift in interest from painting to sculpture. In 1960–61 he created The Store, a collection of painted plaster copies of food, clothing, jewelry, and other items. Renting an actual store, he stocked it with his constructions. In 1962 he began creating a series......

...telephone system. A packet-switched network, on the other hand, routes digital data in small pieces called packets, each of which proceeds independently through the network. In a process called store-and-forward, each packet is temporarily stored at each intermediate node, then forwarded when the next link becomes available. In a connection-oriented transmission scheme, each packet takes......

The stored-energy function W(e) can be determined by comparing the theoretical relation between σ and e with the results of experimental tension tests in which σ and e are measured. In this way, the elastic response of any solid in tension can be characterized by means of a stored-energy function. An important aspect of the theory of......

Storage of instructions in computer memory to enable it to perform a variety of tasks in sequence or intermittently. The idea was introduced in the late 1940s by John von Neumann, who proposed that a program be electronically stored in binary-number format in a memory device so that instructions could be modified by the computer as determined by intermediate c...

The second form of EFT, “smart cards” (also known as stored-value cards), contain a computer chip that can make and receive payments while recording each new balance on the card. Users purchase the smart card (usually with currency or deposits) and can use it in place of currency. The issuer of the smart card holds the balance (float) and thus earns interest that may pay for......

series of submarine landslides in the Norwegian Sea that occurred between approximately 8,400 and 2,200 years ago. The combined activities of these landslides produced a scar on the seafloor that begins some 100 km (60 miles) off Norway’s More Coast on the edge of Europe’s continental shelf and extends some 1,600 km (1,000 miles) into the ab...

series of submarine landslides in the Norwegian Sea that occurred between approximately 8,400 and 2,200 years ago. The combined activities of these landslides produced a scar on the seafloor that begins some 100 km (60 miles) off Norway’s More Coast on the edge of Europe’s continental shelf and extends some 1,600 km (1,000 miles) into the ab...

...tribal warfare, the introduction of firearms, and the spread of Western diseases, a number of local styles were extinguished, and, after the European suppression of fighting, the decorated storehouse came into prominence. As a precaution against vermin, these food storehouses were elevated on posts, which were often in human shape. The houses had pitched roofs and deep porches. The......

In 1869 Storer College opened there as a coeducational, multiethnic institution. The college was chosen in 1906 by W.E.B. Du Bois as one of the sites for the annual meetings of the Niagara Movement, which was a precursor of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (1909). Storer College closed in 1955....

...art of painting on European pottery, and the Cincinnati Art Pottery Company was founded in 1879 to promote sound pottery design. As a result of its work, Rookwood Pottery was established in 1880 by Maria Longworth Storer. Rookwood wares show a distinct Japanese influence and have excellent red and yellowish brown glazes....

...are the four species of the genus Storeria, family Colubridae. They are found from eastern Canada to Honduras and are small, mostly less than 30 cm (12 inches) long, shy, and nonvenomous. The northern brown snake (S. dekayi dekayi) is the only North American snake to survive in abundance in densely populated regions. The indigo snake is called brown snake in tropical America....

...and could remove most of the smoke. Although much of the heat went up the flue, it was still a great improvement, and, most significantly, it could be used to heat both small and large rooms and multistory buildings as well. Houses, particularly large ones, were broken up into smaller, more private spaces each heated by its own fireplace, a change that decisively altered the communal......

English novelist and playwright whose brief professional rugby career and lower-class background provided material for the simple, powerful prose that won him early recognition as an accomplished storyteller and dramatist....

...wrote numerous chronicles, including the formidable Storia antica del Messico (1780–81; “Ancient History of Mexico,” Eng. trans. The History of Mexico). Translated into Spanish as Historia antigua de México in the early 19th century, it manifests the Classical erudition of Jesuits in......

...Risorgimento, but he is remembered chiefly for his critical writings. His most important works were various critical essays and Storia della letteratura italiana (1870–71; History of Italian Literature). His main tenet was that literature was to be judged not on its intellectual or moralistic content so much as by the spirit of its “form,” and the......

...(1913), to further its aims. In 1921 Papini was reconverted to the Roman Catholicism in which he had been reared. A number of religious works followed, notably Storia di Cristo (1921; The Story of Christ), a vivid and realistic re-creation of the life of Jesus; Pane e vino (1926; “Bread and Wine”), a volume of religious poetry; and Sant’Agostino......

...emerged until the Renaissance, when art criticism came into its own—that is, when detailed analysis and deliberate evaluation of artists began. Giovanni, Matteo, and Filippo Villani’s Cronica (1308–64; “Chronicles”) was the first important evaluation of this kind. In Filippo Villani’s portion (1364) of the family’s ongoing work, he celebrates his native......

Between 1955 and 1966 Pratolini published three novels under the general title Una storia italiana (“An Italian Story”), covering the period from 1875 to 1945. The first, Metello (1955), considered the finest of the three, follows its working-class hero through the labour disputes after 1875 and climaxes with a successful building masons’ strike in 1902. The second,......

The novel La storia (1974; History: A Novel) met with mixed critical reaction, but it achieved commercial success. Set primarily in Rome between 1941 and 1947, its focus is the arduous existence of a simple, half-Jewish elementary school teacher and her young son, Useppe, born after she is raped by a German soldier. The story reaffirms the author’s passionately held......

...subsequently set up legal practice at Florence. In 1508 he married Maria, daughter of Alamanno Salviati. In the same year, he began to write his family memoirs and his Storie fiorentine (History of Florence) from 1378 to 1509. The latter constitutes one of the major sources for the history of the republican regime after 1494 and reveals Guicciardini’s gifts for historical......

...of narrative prose works—they are not, strictly speaking, novels as usually understood—Molloy, Malone Dies, and The Unnamable, as well as in the collection Stories and Texts for Nothing (1967), Beckett raised the problem of the identity of the human self from, as it were, the inside. This basic problem, simply stated, is that when I say “I am......

The next PJ Harvey album, Is This Desire? (1998), was deliberately subdued, an exercise in art song. In 2000, however, Harvey came out with Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea, a return to anthemic rock with pop aspirations and an unlikely twist: for the first time, Polly Jean Harvey was singing about love and sex with......

...Preview group in the ’40s when she published her first collection, As Ten as Twenty (1946), which includes the evocative renowned poem Stories of Snow. Page’s later work increasingly reflected her interest in esoteric places, forms, and religions, from Sufism (Evening Dance of the Grey Flies, 1981) to the......

...filmmaking in Rome (1951–53). A supporter of Fidel Castro, he helped develop Cuba’s film industry after 1959 and made the Communist regime’s first official feature film, Stories of the Revolution (1960). Later he worked within the restrictions of the regime to satirize and explore various aspects of life in postrevolutionary Cuba in such internationally......

...to painting, photography, tutoring, inventing, and journalism. In 1898 he became a professional writer with the publication of retellings of the legends of Roman Catholic saints under the title Stories Toto Told Me, which made a name for him at the time. During the next decade his publications included a collection of short stories, In His Own Image (1901); a historical work,......

...which she wrote and directed, was named one of Canada’s Top Ten features of the year by the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), as was her next film, the highly personal documentary Stories We Tell (2012), which explored the nuances of her family’s history. In addition to winning the Genie Award for Best Feature Length Documentary, it was named best documentary of the year......

any of about 20 species of long-necked large birds constituting the family Ciconiidae (order Ciconiiformes), related to the herons, flamingos, and ibises. Storks range from about 60 cm to more than 150 cm (2 to 5 feet) in height. All or part of the head and upper neck may be bare of feathers and brightly coloured. Storks are voiceless or nea...

any of several flowering plants of the genus Erodium, in the geranium family (Geraniaceae), of worldwide distribution. Many species are wild flowers useful in garden borders and rock gardens; some are used for forage; and a number of them are weedy. The common names refer to the five-parted long, bill-like capsules, which contain the seeds....

...well-preserved city nucleus, with the original network of streets and many of its buildings dating from the Middle Ages, is legally protected from change. Stads Island contains the Royal Palace; Storkyrkan, also called the Cathedral, or Church, of St. Nicolas; the German Church; the House of Lords; the government offices; the Stock Exchange; and a number of other notable buildings. Riddar......

(German: “Storm and Stress”), German literary movement of the late 18th century that exalted nature, feeling, and human individualism and sought to overthrow the Enlightenment cult of Rationalism. Goethe and Schiller began their careers as prominent members of the movement....

...while Lionel Barrymore was Rasputin and Ethel Barrymore was the tsarina, Alexandra. It was the only film in which all three Barrymores appeared together. Next came the exotic Storm at Daybreak (1933), set in Hungary during World War I; in it a small-town mayor (Walter Huston) is betrayed by his wife (Kay Francis). Beauty for Sale (1933) was......

...his winter paintings. The latter is seen in the radiant, sunny atmosphere of The Magpie on the Gallows and in the threatening and sombre character of The Storm at Sea, an unfinished work, probably Bruegel’s last painting....

inlet of the Tasman Sea, indenting southeastern Tasmania, Australia. It is about 16 miles (26 km) long and 25 miles (40 km) wide, is bounded by Bruny Island (west) and the Tasman Peninsula (east), and opens into Norfolk and Frederick Henry bays to the northeast. The River Derwent estua...

Oehlenschläger’s father was organist and then steward at Frederiksberg castle near Copenhagen. In his youth Oehlenschläger attended a school directed by the poet Edvard Storm, a Norwegian known for patriotic poetry and drinking songs. After a short career as an actor, Oehlenschläger entered the University of Copenhagen to study law, but turned to writing. He wrote his famous poem......

The natural world, for Frost, wore two faces. Early on he overturned the Emersonian concept of nature as healer and mentor in a poem in A Boy’s Will entitled “Storm Fear,” a grim picture of a blizzard as a raging beast that dares the inhabitants of an isolated house to come outside and be killed. In such later poems as “The Hill Wife” and “Stopping by......

April 5, 1922Bloomington, TexasJune 27, 2009Danville, Calif.American actress and singer who was the vivacious star of two popular television sitcoms, My Little Margie (1952–55), which was initially intended as a summer replacement for I Love Lucy, and The Gale Storm Show: O...

poet and novelist whose novellas are among the finest in German literature. He is an outstanding representative of German poetic Realism, which had as its aim the portrayal of the positive values of everyday life. He took for his models the late Romantics and Eduard Mörike, who, along with Gottfried Keller, Paul von Heyse, and the Russian writer Ivan Turgenev, was his friend and...

...he was wounded at least seven times, and in 1918 he was awarded the Pour le Mérite medal, Germany’s highest military decoration. After the war he published In Stahlgewittern (1920; The Storm of Steel), a novel in the form of a diary; it contains vivid recollections of his life in the trenches and his experiences in combat as a company commander. In a dispassionate,......

...to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution, and Potomok Chingis-Khana (The Heir to Genghis Khan, or Storm over Asia, 1928), which is set in Central Asia during the Russian Civil War. Both mingle human drama with the epic and the symbolic as they tell a story of a politically naive person who......

...never lost the engraver’s sense of draftsmanship in his paintings, he focused most of his attention on the depiction of light, using colour values to render minute gradations in intensity (e.g., Storm over Lake George, 1870). His palette was low-key, and much of his work has a silvery paleness. Whether painting the White or Green mountains, the Catskills, or a......

...racial tension and reconciliation in South Africa. Sidney Poitier, Canada Lee, and Charles Carson were the principals in this tragic and powerful film. Korda’s final picture was Storm over the Nile (1955; codirected with Terence Young), a remake of The Four Feathers; although it recycles footage from the 1939 version, the inclusion of......

any member of about 20 species of seabirds constituting the family Hydrobatidae, or sometimes considered as Oceanitidae (order Procellariiformes). Ranging in length from about 13 to 25 centimetres (5 12 to 10 inches), all are dark gray or brown, sometimes lighter below, and often with a white rump. The wings are shorter than those of most other procellariiforms ...

There are three types of wastewater, or sewage: domestic sewage, industrial sewage, and storm sewage. Domestic sewage carries used water from houses and apartments; it is also called sanitary sewage. Industrial sewage is used water from manufacturing or chemical processes. Storm sewage, or storm water, is runoff from precipitation that is collected in a system of pipes or open channels....

Storm sewers are usually built with sections of reinforced concrete pipe. Corrugated metal pipes may be used in some cases. Storm water inlets or catch basins are located at suitable intervals in a street right-of-way or in easements across private property. The pipelines are usually located to allow downhill gravity flow to a nearby stream or to a detention basin. Storm water pumping stations......

The sudden increase in the speed of a large wind stream, especially in the tropics, can also cause surges. The progress of this type of surge can be followed on weather maps as it expands. During a “surge of the trades” in the trade-wind belts, wind speed often increases by about 40 km/h (25 mile/h) throughout the region between the surface and the 4,500-metre (15,000-foot) level. A......

...Jones), Mynyddog (Richard Davies), and Ceiriog (John Hughes), the latter the greatest lyrical writer of the century. Only one poet, Islwyn (William Thomas), made a success of the long poem: his Y Storm is a series of meditations on life and art....

...studying harmony and counterpoint with Nikolay Zaremba and composition and instrumentation with Anton Rubinstein. Among his earliest orchestral works was an overture entitled The Storm (composed 1864), a mature attempt at dramatic program music. The first public performance of any of his works took place in August 1865, when Johann Strauss the Younger conducted......

poet and novelist whose novellas are among the finest in German literature. He is an outstanding representative of German poetic Realism, which had as its aim the portrayal of the positive values of everyday life. He took for his models the late Romantics and Eduard Mörike, who, along with Gottfried Keller, Paul von Heyse, and the Russian writer Ivan Turgenev, was his friend and...

Less controversial was the steady improvement in the forecasts of tropical-storm tracks. Accurate and timely landfall forecasts are crucial to the effectiveness of evacuations in the face of dangerous storms. In the early 1970s the mean 48-hour error in the storm tracks forecast by the National Hurricane Center was about 510 km (320 mi). With steady improvement through the years, the mean error......

...Vendetta (1950), though he was uncredited. In 1950 he reteamed with Cooper on the solid western Dallas, which was followed by the film noir Storm Warning (1951), in which a fashion model (Ginger Rogers) learns that her sister (Doris Day) has married a member of the Ku Klux Klan; Ronald Reagan played a county prosecutor working to......

There are three types of wastewater, or sewage: domestic sewage, industrial sewage, and storm sewage. Domestic sewage carries used water from houses and apartments; it is also called sanitary sewage. Industrial sewage is used water from manufacturing or chemical processes. Storm sewage, or storm water, is runoff from precipitation that is collected in a system of pipes or open channels....

...tide on these deposits may build dunes above the high-water mark. Beach rock may form by carbonate cementation of grains in deposits lying between tide levels. It then acts as a stabilizing factor. Storm waves may drive forward coral fragments derived from staghorn corals growing on the windward slopes of the reef, forming shingle banks; successive superposed banks may thus be formed. The......