Hydroquinone reduces the formation of melanin (the pigment in the skin responsible for giving it a brown colour) in the skin. Hydroquinone topical is used to lighten areas of darkened skin such as age spots, Freckles, chloasma (skin darkened due to hormonal changes) or Melasma.

Acne, known as Acne Vulgaris, is one of the commonest dermatological complaints.

Acne is especially prevalent during puberty and young adulthood, although some people may still suffer from it into their middle years. Acne is known in the general population as "pimples."

Acne occurs when skin pores are blocked by excess sebum (natural oil produced by the skin) and by dead skin cells. As the sebum builds up, it causes inflammation of the surrounding skin. The lump that forms under the skin because of this blockage is called a comedo. A group of lumps is called comedones.

If not treated properly acne can lead to permanent scarring. Acne also has important psychological implications such as low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression, especially in youths.

Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease. In psoriasis, skin cells multiply 10 times faster than their normal. The volume of underlying cells, which reach the surface of the skin and die, causes red and raised plaques. These are covered with white scales. Psoriasis usually occurs on elbows, knees, and scalp, though it may also occur on palms, soles of feet or torso.

There are mainly five types of psoriasis: plaque, inverse, guttate, pustular, and erythrodermic.

A kind of injury that is caused by various factors like an accident, surgery and certain diseases is called a wound. The skin may get punctured, cut, or torn to form a wound.

Wounds are classified into five categories, which depend upon their causes.

Abrasion: When skin is scraped or rubbed against a hard or rough surface, Abrasion is caused. An example of an abrasion is a road rash. Not much of bleeding is there in abrasion, but one must get the wound scrubbed, and cleaned, to abstain from any infection.

Incision: Incision is caused by a pointed or sharp object, like a razor blade, broken piece of glass, and knife. Incision causes a lot of bleeding. An incision, which is deep can cause damage to muscles, ligaments, and tendons.

Laceration: A deep and rooted tear, or cut in the skin is called laceration. Accidental cuts with machines, tools, or knife may cause a laceration. In this, wound bleed extensively, and rapidly.

Puncture: A small hole may be caused by a pointed, long object, like an ice pick, needles, or nail is called puncture. Even a bullet shot can result in a puncture wound. This wound is enough deep to impair the body’s internal organs, though may not bleed that much. A Puncture wound may need an immediate expert vigilance. In some cases, even tetanus is required to prevent the infection.

Avulsion: An Avulsion is an extreme form of a wound. In this, the skin may tear away completely, or partially. This wound may occur at the time of a vicious accident like a gunshot, explosion, or body-crushing accidents. These wounds may bleed rapidly, and heavily.

Our teeth have a lot of work to do like chewing, grinding, biting, talking and also face the aging process. Hence, they need the care to keep them away from dental diseases. Brushing the teeth twice a day and flossing the mouth are age-old mantras to keep them healthy and safe. Other than this, attending routine dental check-ups and watching what you eat and drink are vital factors in deciding the health of your teeth.

The diseases of teeth are:

Dental decay:

Also called tooth decay, this happens due to adult bacteria which survive on refined white sugar. When we eat candy or other sugary food, some morsels stick to the teeth, gums and in between teeth. Bacteria feed on this sticky food and thrive, releasing a toxin which causes tooth decay. The solution is to brush teeth regularly and floss the mouth. Avoid eating sticky sugary food.

Gingivitis:

This is a gum disease and occurs in the mild alkaline to the mild acidic environment in the mouth. The cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene and lack of the certain type of enzymes which can digest food substances. Gingivitis is a reversible condition with proper dental treatment.

Periodontal disease:

If gingivitis is left untreated, it progresses into periodontal disease. In this disease, the plaque bacteria form crystals, which attach to the teeth, and these crystals destroy the ligaments, which attach teeth to the bone. As a result, pockets are formed, in which more food particles can be trapped and lodged. This causes the disease to progress, and eventually, it may lead to the removal of the tooth. The damage to the tooth and gum caused by periodontal disease is permanent and irreversible.

Mouth odor:

Also called bad breath or halitosis, mouth odor is due to remnants of food particles in the mouth. Enteric bacteria feed on these food particles and release an odor. Again, good brushing and flossing habits and the kind of food we eat play a key factor in preventing bad breath.

In Hyperpigmentation patches of skin become darker in colour than the normal surrounding skin. This darkening of the skin occurs when excessive melanin forms deposits in the skin. Melanin is a brown pigment, responsible for producing normal skin colour.

The most common forms of hyperpigmentation are age spots (also called liver spots). These darkened patches are commonly found in areas exposed to the sun, like hands and face.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways in the lungs. Asthma can either be allergic (most common) or non-allergic.

Allergic asthma is due to an allergic response known as a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. People with asthma’s airways are hypersensitive to certain triggers. The allergic reaction causes narrowing of the small airways and leads to "air trapping" (known as an obstructive airway disease)

There are different types of asthma- childhood onset asthma (usually before the age of 5), adult-onset asthma, exercise-induced asthma and aspirin induced asthma. Some asthma is known as seasonal asthma and occurs only at certain times of the year, usually with the changing of seasons such as during autumn or spring.

Asthma is diagnosed with lung function tests. A spirometer or a PEFM (Peak Expiratory Flow Meter) is used in conjunction with a bronchodilator. The meter is used to assess your lung function before and after inhaling a fast-acting bronchodilator. A diagnosis of asthma is made when there is an improvement in lung function of more than 20% (PEFM) or more than 12%(when using a spirometer) after the bronchodilator is inhaled.

Asthma is diagnosed when a patient has suggestive symptoms and a positive bronchodilator test.

Symptoms Treated With KOJIGLO GEL 15GM

Acne starts out as comedones. People with acne present with blackheads, whiteheads, cysts, pustules (commonly known as “pimples”) or nodules (lumps that form under the skin). Often people with acne suffer from an oily skin complexion.

Acne is classified as either inflammatory or non-inflammatory acne.

Comedones are non-inflammatory acne. They can either be closed (whiteheads) or open (blackheads). The color of a blackhead is not debris or an indication of bad skin hygiene, but melanin (the skin’s surface pigment).

Inflammatory acne occurs when bacteria invade the skin, causing papules or pustules (pimples). Nodules and cysts are also inflammatory lesions. Nodules are deeper skin lesions, while cysts are fluid-filled lumps.

Acne usually presents in common areas of increased oil production such as the forehead, nose, chin, chest and upper back.

Acne can be classified as mild, moderate or severe, depending on the amount and type of lesions.

Symptoms of psoriasis vary from patient to patient, depending upon the type of psoriasis they have. The common symptoms of plaque psoriasis are:

Red skin plaques covered with silver coloured loose scales. These plaques can be painful, itchy and may sometimes bleed after cracking. In severe psoriasis, the plaques of irritated skin grow and merge with each other, and cover larger areas.

Disorder of toenails and fingernails, including pitting and discoloration of nails.

Symptoms of asthma are typically a wheezy or "tight" chest, shortness of breath and recurrent or persistent coughing that is worse at night and early mornings. Coughing or tight chest are often also present after exercise.

Causes of diseases where KOJIGLO GEL 15GM is used

Causes of acne are multifactorial. There are many myths surrounding causes and home remedies.

Genetics play the largest role (estimated in 80%) of acne cases.

Hormones, especially increased testosterone during puberty, play the second biggest role. Androgens increase the production of sebum by the skin’s oil glands as well as an increased production of cells found in the skin’s epidermis (top layer).

Hormonal changes during normal menstrual cycles, as well as pregnancy also play a role in women.

The bacteria, Propionibacterium Acnes, which is usually found on the skin, is another important role player. The areas of inflamed skin surrounding comedones make it easier for bacteria to accumulate and grow.

Although there are many myths surrounding diet in acne, there are few scientific conclusions around its actual role. Carbohydrates and milk products have shown some suggested links, but none are definitive.

Facial hygiene is important, but plays a small role, especially in severe acne.

Dental diseases are caused by microorganisms that live in the mouth and release toxins causing damage to dental tissue. The mouth offers resources for the bacteria to survive and multiply. There are three types of bacteria thriving in the oral cavity - pathogenic, beneficial, and neutral. When the mouth is dominated by beneficial bacteria, then there is good dental health. When pathogenic bacteria dominate the oral cavity, it leads to dental diseases. Neutral bacteria follow whichever bacteria are dominant.

Causes of tooth and gum diseases are:

Sugary foods: When bacteria in the mouth combine with remnants of sugary or starchy food particles, they form a colourless, sticky substance called plaque. When you don’t remove plaque from mouth by proper brushing and flossing, it hardens into tartar or calculus. Removal of tartar will require a dental procedure by a dentist.

Dry mouth: Saliva in the mouth is helpful in inhibiting plaque formation. People with dry mouth are more prone to dental problems. Dry mouth condition is caused by certain medications. Diseases like diabetes also cause dry mouth issues.

Grinding of teeth: People who grind teeth in their sleep or under stress are invariably damaging their teeth. The grinding process strips away the enamel (outer layer of teeth), thereby causing tooth decay.

Genetics: Some people inherit tooth crevices and enamel problems from parents. This can also lead to teeth problems.

Poor dental hygiene: Improper brushing and flossing is the number one cause of teeth problems.

When skin is exposed to sun freckles, age spots, and other darkened skin patches can become darker or more prominent. It happens as melanin absorbs the energy of the sun's ultraviolet rays. Skin tanning occurs as the result of this process and areas that are already hyper pigmented get darkened.

These appear most commonly due to hormonal changes (due to pregnancy etc.). It can trigger overproduction of melanin causing the "mask of pregnancy" on the face and darken skin on the abdomen and other areas.

Women taking birth control pills may also develop hyperpigmentation as their bodies undergo the similar type of hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. If one is really concerned about the pigmentation, she should stop birth control pills.

Other causes of changes in skin colour are skin diseases like acne, injuries to the skin, surgeries marks.

Mostly asthma starts in childhood and is often outgrown in early adulthood. Some asthmatics may, however, need treatment lifelong.

Asthma has a strong genetic component and is part of the so-called "atopic triad" in childhood which includes allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis (eczema) and asthma.

Early insult to a child's lungs such as neonatal pneumonia or bronchitis may play a role in developing asthma later.

People with asthma have individual triggers. These triggers are commonly sensitivities to house-dust mites, grass, pollen, animal dander, dairy, wheat, nuts and soy products. Chest infections, cold air or air pollution can also trigger an attack.

Adult onset starts in the early twenties. There is speculation about possible causes; genetics, smoking and a history of allergies seem to play the biggest part. It affects females more than males.

Type 2 diabetes mainly occurs because of obesity and lack of exercise. Some people are at more risk genetically than others. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented by regular exercise, maintaining normal weight and proper diet.

Neurological and nerve disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, brain or spinal tumours, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, temporal lobe epilepsy. Several neurologic conditions may increase the risk of impotence. Nerve conditions are responsible for brain’s ability to communicate with the reproductive system, which can, in turn, prevent a person from achieving an erection.

Taking certain medications may affect blood flow that can lead to ED.

Depression, anxiety, emotional disturbance.

Certain cardiac conditions that affect heart’s ability to pump blood. A person can’t achieve the erection, without enough blood flow to the penis.

Some foods that delay or hinder the healing process of a wound may be as mentioned below:

Nitrate-Rich Foods: Blood vessels in one’s body help the chemicals and cells to move. The movement of chemicals and cells are necessary to heal the wound. By consuming nitrate rich food, these blood vessels can get damaged. A condition known as atherosclerosis can be caused by excessive consumption of nitrate rich foods. In this case, fatty plaques can be formed in the blood vessels which can lead to the rupture of the blood vessels and can further delay the healing process. In addition to these issues, nitrate-rich foods can cause different types of bleeding disorders, heart attack, and even strokes. A few nitrate containing foods are various kinds of processed meats like bacon, deli meats, and hot dogs.

Spices and spicy foods: Spices may add flavour to the food, but it can be proved harmful during the process of wound healing. Various spices can hinder the process of wound healing, by delaying the clot formation. Some of the spices that may cause wound healing difficult are red pepper, and black pepper

Sugary sweets and candies: Sugary food is what bacteria thrive on. Even if you wish to have sweets, opt for those which leave no particles sticking to the teeth and clear out of the mouth quickly.

Starchy carbohydrates: Foods like chips, crackers, bread, and pasta contain starch which is available as sugar to the bacteria.

Carbonated soft drinks and sodas: Firstly, carbonated drinks again contain a lot of sugar. Secondly, they contain phosphorous and carbon dioxide which are known to wear away the enamel of the teeth. This causes them to get brown or stained.

Fruit juices: Though fruit juices are healthy, they contain sugar and acids which are a bad combination for teeth. If you regularly consume juices, don’t keep them for too long in the mouth. Use a straw for minimal contact with teeth.

Whether you have acne or not, keep your face clean. Cleanse at least twice a day.

Use natural cleansers to clean your face.

Exercise and relax.

Use only good quality skin care products.

Find out the exact cause of your skin problem as skin problems can be caused due to hormonal changes, taking contraceptive pills, stress, smoking, over exposure to sun etc. Identify the root cause and make your treatment plan accordingly.

Proper cleaning of the wound: One may clean his/her wound with flowing, clean water.

Applying the pressure gently on the wound by using a clean sterilized bandage or a clean cloth is advised. Application of the pressure restricts the collagen to ooze out of the wound, above the skin level, as the wound heals.

Wound Massage is advised: Gently and evenly massage the area near the wound with clean fingers. Doing this helps the collagen to break down, which further reduce the chances of scar formation or make them less noticeable.

Get the dressing changed time to time: It is important to get the dressing changed timely either by an expert or by oneself, to avoid infection.

Get enough sun light without sunscreen, especially in morning or afternoon. If you are worried about sun burns or tanning, enrich your food with natural anti-oxidants like blueberries, raspberries, goji berries and pomegranates.

People 50+: Skin’s ability capacity to absorb Vitamin D reduces with age. Hence, there is more need of taking Vitamin D supplements.

Manage your weight as obese people are more prone to getting vitamin D deficiency.

Brush your teeth at least two times a day to wash off any food substances remaining in the mouth.

Flossing your teeth regularly is as important as brushing. Flossing removes food particles trapped in between teeth and also removes bad odor.

Replace your toothbrush every three months. Bristles become weak after a time and are ineffective in cleaning the teeth. You have to change your toothbrush after a bout of illness to prevent re-infection.

Wash the bristles thoroughly after each brushing ritual.

Chew on sugarless gum. Chewing produces saliva which helps in washing off the bacteria.

If asthma is hampering your day to day activities, pl. consult your doctor as he might change your medication.

Wash your bed sheets and pillow covers every week in hot water to get rid of dust mites.

Reduce stress.·

Consult your general practitioner or paediatrician early if your child shows symptoms of asthma. Asthma can be potentially life-threatening, especially in an acute episode.

Make sure your asthma is controlled. Follow-up with your doctor six months to review and adjust your treatment is necessary. If your asthma is well controlled, your doctor may consider tapering down your treatment.

Consider doing an allergy test- blood or skin prick. If you have allergic asthma, it will be helpful to know what the triggers are and how to avoid them

Use iron utensils for cooking as food cooked in iron vessel automatically gathers iron from the vessel and makes food iron rich.

To improve absorption of iron in your body, take it with foods rich in vitamin C (like oranges, lemon)

Find out the exact reason of anemia as your food choice will depend upon the real cause of anemia. E.g., patients with anemia caused by celiac disease should avoid eating gluten rich foods (like wheat, oats. Etc.), which others should continue with gluten.

Do not scratch the wounds: Wound may cause itching, but Scratching of a wound can worsen the condition of the wound.

Do not pick the scabs: Scabs may protect the bruise from the dirt. Scabs may get peeled off as the wound heals.

Do not smoke: Smoking slowdowns the healing process and may cause certain healing complications.

Do not let the wound exposed to the air till advised by the doctor: Air exposure to the wounds may cause a decrease in the healing rate of a wound. Certain cells involved in the process may require a moist environment.

Do not Stay out in the sun for too long: The healing process may slow down due to the exposure to the UV rays.

Do not use Hydrogen peroxide on the wound: It may cleanse the wound, however, causes damage to the new cell growth, which may slow down the process of healing.

Other Useful Tips With Usage OfKOJIGLO GEL 15GM

Zinc and Omega 3 supplementation can be added to maintain normal skin function. Increase water intake (2 liters per day) to help your body detoxify.

Natural oils, such as tea tree oil, applied topically oil has shown some benefit in mild acne. It is always best to consult your physician first before using any complementary products, as it may interfere with other medications that you are on.

The best advice for teeth health is good oral hygiene and regular appointments with the dentist.

Keeping a watch of what goes into the mouth as food will go a long way in protecting those pearly white assets.

Along with brushing and flossing, using a mouthwash is very important. Mouthwash containing Listerine and chlorine dioxide will help in maintaining the good bacteria in the mouth. It will also promote good breath and make teeth strong.

Choosing toothpaste with fluoride will make the enamel strong, and hence, avoid tooth decay. But take care to use the pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste for kids. Using too much of it can cause white spots on the teeth.

Hydroquinone reduces the formation of melanin (the pigment in the skin responsible for giving it a brown colour) in the skin. Hydroquinone topical is used to lighten areas of darkened skin such as age spots, Freckles, chloasma (skin darkened due to hormonal changes) or Melasma.

Best Foods With KOJIGLO GEL 15GM

According to an article published in 2009 in the Dermato-endocrinology journal, research to date," does not prove that diet causes acne but rather influences it to some degree which is still difficult to quantify."

Although studies are inconclusive on the effects of diet on acne, maintaining a healthy balanced diet is important.

Acne is an inflammatory reaction, so following a diet with lots of fresh fruits and vegetables is important, as it contains antioxidants that help your body to fight inflammation.

Refined sugar causes your body’s insulin to spike. Insulin has been linked to increased sebum production in the skin’s sebaceous glands.

Zinc, Vitamin A, and E, as well as Omega 3 fatty acids, are strong anti-inflammatory sources.

To help heal the wound, certain foods can aid in speeding up the clotting process. These are as follows:

Tomatoes: Tomato comprises of an antioxidant called lycopene, which is rare in most of the good foods. Lycopene prevents the oxidation in one’s body. Oxidation may increase the risk of the damage in the cells. Lycopene is also beneficial in boosting the immune system of the body. Thus lycopene has a great potential of diminishing the wound infection’s risk.

Broccoli: Broccoli is a phytonutrient rich vegetable. It is antioxidants that may help to reduce the inflammation in the body, along with boosting the immune system. Broccoli is rich in vitamin C, which is a mandatory component of wound healing.

Black beans: Black beans is one of the superfoods. It is high in protein content. Consuming a ½ cup of black beans can provide 8 grams of the protein. Saturated fats and sodium contents are less in it. To enhance the process of wound healing, the most required nutrient is protein. Hence, protein deficiency may slow down the process of healing.

Soy: Soy is a vegetarian super food. Soybean consists of a wide variety of vitamins, which may boost the immune system. Hence, the immune system helps in the fast recovery of the wound.

Chocolate: Chocolate helps to control the blood pressure, which is a primary factor for the ability of the body to deliver nutrients, vitamins, and oxygen to the bed of the wound. Dark chocolate has a lot of antioxidants, which boost up the body’s immune system. The strong immune system helps to fight the infections.

Lean ProteinCollagen is one of the proteins that are present in one’s body in ample amount. Collagen is an essential protein, which has a property to knit the tissues back together. Normal protein intake should be 0.8 grams per kg weight. But, to cure a wound one may need a much higher quantity of the protein. One must aim to take 1.5 to 2.0 grams of the protein per kilogram. Examples of lean protein are legumes, fish, turkey, beans, and eggs.

Fermented Dairy: For healing a wound, patients are normally prescribed with antibiotics. These antibiotics work to kill the infection causing bacteria along with the bacteria that are good for the digestive tracts and help to digest the food and produce vitamins. These bacteria may also play an important role in boosting the immune system of one’s body. So, to produce the good bacteria one must consume fermented dairy products like yoghurt and kefir. Kefir may contribute 8-12 species of good bacteria just by a small serving, while yoghurt contributes fewer species of the good bacteria, and has lower bacterial-count.

Vitamin C rich foods: Vitamin C rich food like bell pepper is an exceptionally healthy food for healing wounds. It helps to cross link the collagen, which is required in a healing process. Especially if one suffers from an incision, then bell-peppers should be consumed. Some other foods that provide Vitamin C are citrus fruits, broccoli, kiwi fruit, kale, and guava.

Zinc rich foods: Zinc helps in boosting the immune system of the body, it also activates and develops body immunity cells. Hence, it plays a vital role in the healing of the wounds. Zinc also helps in cell growth and protein synthesis that is a must for the healing of a wound. Some of the zinc rich foods that one must consume, when trying to heal wounds are seeds, nuts, oyster, liver, lamb, and beef.

Papaya and pineapple: These two fruits consist of protease enzyme, which helps to body in breaking and digesting protein. These enzymes may help to lessen down the inflammation and swelling. Hence, these fruits are really beneficial for the healing process of the wound.

Fresh, fibrous fruits and vegetables: Apples, carrots, cucumbers, oranges, celery and all crisp fruits and vegetables help in saliva flow and also fight plaque and bad breath. Vitamin A present in fruits helps in building tooth enamel and vitamin C helps in healing of gums.

Milk and other dairy products: Milk, cheese, and yogurt contain calcium and phosphates which help in fighting tooth decay and strengthening the teeth. If you are a vegan, you can try soy milk and other calcium-fortified products.

Green and black tea: Tea is known to contain substances which suppress or destroy bacteria which attack food particles in the mouth. This prevents the formation of cavities and also reduces gum inflammation. Remember not to add sugar to the tea.

Water: Water is, undoubtedly, the best food for your mouth. It rinses off any food particles left in the mouth, keeping it clean and with neutral pH. Fluorinated water is even better because fluoride remineralizes the tooth surface and prevents cavities.

Some foods that delay or hinder the healing process of a wound may be as mentioned below:

Nitrate-Rich Foods: Blood vessels in one’s body help the chemicals and cells to move. The movement of chemicals and cells are necessary to heal the wound. By consuming nitrate rich food, these blood vessels can get damaged. A condition known as atherosclerosis can be caused by excessive consumption of nitrate rich foods. In this case, fatty plaques can be formed in the blood vessels which can lead to the rupture of the blood vessels and can further delay the healing process. In addition to these issues, nitrate-rich foods can cause different types of bleeding disorders, heart attack, and even strokes. A few nitrate containing foods are various kinds of processed meats like bacon, deli meats, and hot dogs.

Spices and spicy foods: Spices may add flavour to the food, but it can be proved harmful during the process of wound healing. Various spices can hinder the process of wound healing, by delaying the clot formation. Some of the spices that may cause wound healing difficult are red pepper, and black pepper

Sugary sweets and candies: Sugary food is what bacteria thrive on. Even if you wish to have sweets, opt for those which leave no particles sticking to the teeth and clear out of the mouth quickly.

Starchy carbohydrates: Foods like chips, crackers, bread, and pasta contain starch which is available as sugar to the bacteria.

Carbonated soft drinks and sodas: Firstly, carbonated drinks again contain a lot of sugar. Secondly, they contain phosphorous and carbon dioxide which are known to wear away the enamel of the teeth. This causes them to get brown or stained.

Fruit juices: Though fruit juices are healthy, they contain sugar and acids which are a bad combination for teeth. If you regularly consume juices, don’t keep them for too long in the mouth. Use a straw for minimal contact with teeth.

Symptoms Treated With KOJIGLO GEL 15GM

Acne starts out as comedones. People with acne present with blackheads, whiteheads, cysts, pustules (commonly known as “pimples”) or nodules (lumps that form under the skin). Often people with acne suffer from an oily skin complexion.

Acne is classified as either inflammatory or non-inflammatory acne.

Comedones are non-inflammatory acne. They can either be closed (whiteheads) or open (blackheads). The color of a blackhead is not debris or an indication of bad skin hygiene, but melanin (the skin’s surface pigment).

Inflammatory acne occurs when bacteria invade the skin, causing papules or pustules (pimples). Nodules and cysts are also inflammatory lesions. Nodules are deeper skin lesions, while cysts are fluid-filled lumps.

Acne usually presents in common areas of increased oil production such as the forehead, nose, chin, chest and upper back.

Acne can be classified as mild, moderate or severe, depending on the amount and type of lesions.

Symptoms of psoriasis vary from patient to patient, depending upon the type of psoriasis they have. The common symptoms of plaque psoriasis are:

Red skin plaques covered with silver coloured loose scales. These plaques can be painful, itchy and may sometimes bleed after cracking. In severe psoriasis, the plaques of irritated skin grow and merge with each other, and cover larger areas.

Disorder of toenails and fingernails, including pitting and discoloration of nails.

Symptoms of asthma are typically a wheezy or "tight" chest, shortness of breath and recurrent or persistent coughing that is worse at night and early mornings. Coughing or tight chest are often also present after exercise.

Causes of diseases where KOJIGLO GEL 15GM is used

Causes of acne are multifactorial. There are many myths surrounding causes and home remedies.

Genetics play the largest role (estimated in 80%) of acne cases.

Hormones, especially increased testosterone during puberty, play the second biggest role. Androgens increase the production of sebum by the skin’s oil glands as well as an increased production of cells found in the skin’s epidermis (top layer).

Hormonal changes during normal menstrual cycles, as well as pregnancy also play a role in women.

The bacteria, Propionibacterium Acnes, which is usually found on the skin, is another important role player. The areas of inflamed skin surrounding comedones make it easier for bacteria to accumulate and grow.

Although there are many myths surrounding diet in acne, there are few scientific conclusions around its actual role. Carbohydrates and milk products have shown some suggested links, but none are definitive.

Facial hygiene is important, but plays a small role, especially in severe acne.

Dental diseases are caused by microorganisms that live in the mouth and release toxins causing damage to dental tissue. The mouth offers resources for the bacteria to survive and multiply. There are three types of bacteria thriving in the oral cavity - pathogenic, beneficial, and neutral. When the mouth is dominated by beneficial bacteria, then there is good dental health. When pathogenic bacteria dominate the oral cavity, it leads to dental diseases. Neutral bacteria follow whichever bacteria are dominant.

Causes of tooth and gum diseases are:

Sugary foods: When bacteria in the mouth combine with remnants of sugary or starchy food particles, they form a colourless, sticky substance called plaque. When you don’t remove plaque from mouth by proper brushing and flossing, it hardens into tartar or calculus. Removal of tartar will require a dental procedure by a dentist.

Dry mouth: Saliva in the mouth is helpful in inhibiting plaque formation. People with dry mouth are more prone to dental problems. Dry mouth condition is caused by certain medications. Diseases like diabetes also cause dry mouth issues.

Grinding of teeth: People who grind teeth in their sleep or under stress are invariably damaging their teeth. The grinding process strips away the enamel (outer layer of teeth), thereby causing tooth decay.

Genetics: Some people inherit tooth crevices and enamel problems from parents. This can also lead to teeth problems.

Poor dental hygiene: Improper brushing and flossing is the number one cause of teeth problems.

When skin is exposed to sun freckles, age spots, and other darkened skin patches can become darker or more prominent. It happens as melanin absorbs the energy of the sun's ultraviolet rays. Skin tanning occurs as the result of this process and areas that are already hyper pigmented get darkened.

These appear most commonly due to hormonal changes (due to pregnancy etc.). It can trigger overproduction of melanin causing the "mask of pregnancy" on the face and darken skin on the abdomen and other areas.

Women taking birth control pills may also develop hyperpigmentation as their bodies undergo the similar type of hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. If one is really concerned about the pigmentation, she should stop birth control pills.

Other causes of changes in skin colour are skin diseases like acne, injuries to the skin, surgeries marks.

Mostly asthma starts in childhood and is often outgrown in early adulthood. Some asthmatics may, however, need treatment lifelong.

Asthma has a strong genetic component and is part of the so-called "atopic triad" in childhood which includes allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis (eczema) and asthma.

Early insult to a child's lungs such as neonatal pneumonia or bronchitis may play a role in developing asthma later.

People with asthma have individual triggers. These triggers are commonly sensitivities to house-dust mites, grass, pollen, animal dander, dairy, wheat, nuts and soy products. Chest infections, cold air or air pollution can also trigger an attack.

Adult onset starts in the early twenties. There is speculation about possible causes; genetics, smoking and a history of allergies seem to play the biggest part. It affects females more than males.

Type 2 diabetes mainly occurs because of obesity and lack of exercise. Some people are at more risk genetically than others. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented by regular exercise, maintaining normal weight and proper diet.

Neurological and nerve disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, brain or spinal tumours, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, temporal lobe epilepsy. Several neurologic conditions may increase the risk of impotence. Nerve conditions are responsible for brain’s ability to communicate with the reproductive system, which can, in turn, prevent a person from achieving an erection.

Taking certain medications may affect blood flow that can lead to ED.

Depression, anxiety, emotional disturbance.

Certain cardiac conditions that affect heart’s ability to pump blood. A person can’t achieve the erection, without enough blood flow to the penis.

Whether you have acne or not, keep your face clean. Cleanse at least twice a day.

Use natural cleansers to clean your face.

Exercise and relax.

Use only good quality skin care products.

Find out the exact cause of your skin problem as skin problems can be caused due to hormonal changes, taking contraceptive pills, stress, smoking, over exposure to sun etc. Identify the root cause and make your treatment plan accordingly.

Proper cleaning of the wound: One may clean his/her wound with flowing, clean water.

Applying the pressure gently on the wound by using a clean sterilized bandage or a clean cloth is advised. Application of the pressure restricts the collagen to ooze out of the wound, above the skin level, as the wound heals.

Wound Massage is advised: Gently and evenly massage the area near the wound with clean fingers. Doing this helps the collagen to break down, which further reduce the chances of scar formation or make them less noticeable.

Get the dressing changed time to time: It is important to get the dressing changed timely either by an expert or by oneself, to avoid infection.

Get enough sun light without sunscreen, especially in morning or afternoon. If you are worried about sun burns or tanning, enrich your food with natural anti-oxidants like blueberries, raspberries, goji berries and pomegranates.

People 50+: Skin’s ability capacity to absorb Vitamin D reduces with age. Hence, there is more need of taking Vitamin D supplements.

Manage your weight as obese people are more prone to getting vitamin D deficiency.

Brush your teeth at least two times a day to wash off any food substances remaining in the mouth.

Flossing your teeth regularly is as important as brushing. Flossing removes food particles trapped in between teeth and also removes bad odor.

Replace your toothbrush every three months. Bristles become weak after a time and are ineffective in cleaning the teeth. You have to change your toothbrush after a bout of illness to prevent re-infection.

Wash the bristles thoroughly after each brushing ritual.

Chew on sugarless gum. Chewing produces saliva which helps in washing off the bacteria.

If asthma is hampering your day to day activities, pl. consult your doctor as he might change your medication.

Wash your bed sheets and pillow covers every week in hot water to get rid of dust mites.

Reduce stress.·

Consult your general practitioner or paediatrician early if your child shows symptoms of asthma. Asthma can be potentially life-threatening, especially in an acute episode.

Make sure your asthma is controlled. Follow-up with your doctor six months to review and adjust your treatment is necessary. If your asthma is well controlled, your doctor may consider tapering down your treatment.

Consider doing an allergy test- blood or skin prick. If you have allergic asthma, it will be helpful to know what the triggers are and how to avoid them

Use iron utensils for cooking as food cooked in iron vessel automatically gathers iron from the vessel and makes food iron rich.

To improve absorption of iron in your body, take it with foods rich in vitamin C (like oranges, lemon)

Find out the exact reason of anemia as your food choice will depend upon the real cause of anemia. E.g., patients with anemia caused by celiac disease should avoid eating gluten rich foods (like wheat, oats. Etc.), which others should continue with gluten.

Do not scratch the wounds: Wound may cause itching, but Scratching of a wound can worsen the condition of the wound.

Do not pick the scabs: Scabs may protect the bruise from the dirt. Scabs may get peeled off as the wound heals.

Do not smoke: Smoking slowdowns the healing process and may cause certain healing complications.

Do not let the wound exposed to the air till advised by the doctor: Air exposure to the wounds may cause a decrease in the healing rate of a wound. Certain cells involved in the process may require a moist environment.

Do not Stay out in the sun for too long: The healing process may slow down due to the exposure to the UV rays.

Do not use Hydrogen peroxide on the wound: It may cleanse the wound, however, causes damage to the new cell growth, which may slow down the process of healing.