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Danny Faulkner is a creation scientist and educator specialized in Astronomy and Physics currently teaching at the University of South Carolina Lancaster.[1] He has been extensively involved in creation science, serving on the board of directors of the Creation Research Society since 2005.[2] He is also a prolific author, having published a great many articles in secular astronomy journals as well as creationist publications wherein he presents the view of our solar system with all its planets and stars through a biblical perspective. Danny has also written a book on creation cosmology called Universe by Design, and been featured on two educational documentaries.
Dr. Faulkner acquired his B.S. in math at Bob Jones University, Greenville, SC in 1976, and later obtained an M.S. in physics in 1979 at the Clemson University, Clemson, SC, and his M.A. in astronomy(1983) along with his PhD in astronomy(1989) at the Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. [3] Danny's primary research interest is stellar astronomy wherein he has done significant studies on Binary Star systems.[4]
Visit http://creationwiki.org/Danny_Faulkner to see Dr. Faulkner's publications & other info.
About Origins:
OriginsWatch as scientists, researchers and authors share relevant facts and thought-provoking evidence supporting creation. Join us for Cornerstone TeleVision's unique program entitled, ORIGINS, and then decide for yourself the truth about your human origins.
Website: www.ctvn.org
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Thunderbolt the Tutorial is about the electrical model of the universe.
In the universe plasma makes up 99.99% of everything we can see.
Our current model has big flaws that has forced scientist to dream up things that don't exist in order to explain things that we see out there in space.
Yet the electrical model can explain most of these things. So why don't we hear about this model? It's not mentioned on TV shows like The Universe or How The Earth Was Made, Discovery Channel, or even PBS, never talk about it, WHY?
Electricity, that's why! If the universe has electrical currents flowing thru it, and it does, then it's just a matter of time before we would learn how to harness that energy. You would have to buy a devise that would output the power, but after that it would be free.
Imagine being able to drive anywhere you wanted to without having to stop and fill up your tank every 200 or 300 miles. Imagine your home when it's 110 degrees outside, but inside a nice 75 degrees with no electric bill to eat up all your hard earned money.
Could it be true? I believe it could, and this would defiantly be a reason for the energy companies to not want this known.
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Related videos:
The truth about dark energy, it's really zero point energy.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EqaLSulA_3I
A short 10 min video about the electrical universe and plasma physics.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPiGWIf3FjA
Dr. Chuck Missler on The Electric Universe 1hr 43min lecture.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxLn06k2ATo
Wallace Thornhill on the misconceptions of the electrical universe 13 min.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aa9tsMztZPY
Universe - The Cosmology Quest Pt 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6EGpg_BVBg&feature=channel_video_title
Universe - The Cosmology Quest Pt 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7uT0JuKT8Q&feature=relmfu
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For more informative videos like this one:
http://youtube.com/davnxs
http://youtube.com/thetruthalwaysaddsup
_____________________________________
Now you can add my Playlist to your Channel. Just follow the 6 easy steps below.
1. Click on the link below and find a Playlist you would like to add to your Channel.
All the Playlist shown from the link below are either directly one of my Playlist, or someone's that have already saved one of my Playlist to their Channel, or a Playlist they have made themselves that contain a link to a video from my Channel.
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=davnxs%2C+playlist&page=1
2. Once you have found a playlist that you would like to add to your channel, click on the title link of that playlist.
You will be taken to the 1st video in that playlist, and a playlist bar will be displayed at the bottom of your browser.
3. On the right hand side of playlist bar, click on the options button and then the Save as a new Playlist button.
4. Enter a Playlist title and a description, and then click on the save button.
The Play list is now your Playlist.
5. To display the Playlist on your channel go to your channels home page and click on the Videos and Playlist button.
6. Click on the box for the Playlist that you just created and then the Save Changes button.
That's it!
The Playlist is now a Playlist on your channel.

Ancient Astronomy - Best Of Carl Sagan's Cosmos (Part 17)
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Subscribe to Science & Reason:
• http://www.youtube.com/Best0fScience
• http://www.youtube.com/SagansCosmos
• http://www.youtube.com/FFreeThinker
---
BEST OF CARL SAGAN'S "COSMOS":
1) 10 Years After: Carl Sagan & Ann Druyan Reflect:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leTNfwfH0Jc
2) Lost Between Immensity And Eternity:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIVsDg6U0LU
3) The Realm Of The Galaxies:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1axoV6HhWfI
4) Our Galaxy, The Milky Way:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOazBTHzRYA
5) Our Solar System:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBqjob-UVeo
6) Eratosthenes And The Round Earth Model:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=en5UKtcNujI
7) The Library Of Alexandria:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVQs4B2jAW0
8) A Short History Of The Universe:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7n2r0qOxJ6k
9) Artificial And Natural Selection:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3uToVWZkWM
10) The Cosmic Year:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFqbm_94nTM
11) Tree Of Life - 4 Billion Years Of Evolution:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KF0UECN4ndA
12) The Miracle Of Life:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOyojWeOYNA
13) DNA - The Common Basis Of Life:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecmuvjSykf8
14) Abiogenesis The Origin Of Life:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yet1xkAv_HY
15) Astronomy vs Astrology:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImaQS9NJ0nI
16) Pictures In The Sky:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwCAwc4bge4
17) Ancient Astronomy:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H-5dwJwau1Y
18) Triumph Of Modern Science Over Medieval Superstition:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lfmRqT-B_c
19) The Mysterious Tonguska Event:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irVof7adq4s
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Carl Edward Sagan, Ph.D. (1934-1996) was an American astronomer, astrochemist, author, and highly successful popularizer of astronomy, astrophysics and other natural sciences. He pioneered exobiology and promoted the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI).
He is world-famous for writing popular science books and for co-writing and presenting the award-winning 1980 television series "Cosmos: A Personal Voyage", which has been seen by more than 600 million people in over 60 countries, making it the most widely watched PBS program in history.
A book to accompany the program was also published. He also wrote the novel "Contact", the basis for the 1997 Robert Zemecki's film of the same name starring Jodie Foster.
During his lifetime, Sagan published more than 600 scientific papers and popular articles and was author, co-author, or editor of more than 20 books. In his works, he frequently advocated skeptical inquiry, secular humanism, and the scientific method.
http://www.carlsagan.com
.

This is the latest incarnation of the HDF video. The narration has been edited to include research from a paper in Physical Review Letters (2004) which puts the size of the universe at 46.5 billion light years, not 78 billion as I originally stated.
In the video narration, I round that value up to 47 billion light years.

About the Lecture
Perhaps the universe is not so much strange as brimming with lovely paradox. The search for such beauty seems to lie at the heart of Frank Wilczek’s work. Twentieth century physics, from Einstein through Wilczek’s own Nobel Prize-winning efforts, involves demonstrating the existence of a topsy-turvy reality: for instance, that such sub-atomic particles as quarks and gluons, which have little or no mass, “orchestrate themselves into not just protons and neutrons but you and me,” according to Wilczek. “How is it possible to construct heavy objects out of objects that weigh nothing?,” he asks. Only by “creating mass out of pure energy.” These particles are essentially “excitations in otherwise empty space.” Says Wilczek: “That suggests something …beautiful and poetic: the masses of particles are not like, or similar to or metaphorically suggested by—they are the tones or frequencies of vibration patterns in dynamical voids.” The theory of quarks and gluons and the strong interaction accounts quantitatively for “the mass of protons, neutrons and ultimately you and me and everything around us.” But physics has not yet squared away all aspects of the universe. Wilzcek says that “in cosmology, we meet our match, and don’t know what’s going on.” This is because scientists can’t account for much of the mass in the cosmos. 70% of this mass is in “dark energy,” which is pushing the universe apart. Wilczek hopes that explanations for the dark stuff will emerge through improving equations, unifying theories of different interactions and extending their symmetries. “Beautifying equations leads not to ugly consequences but beautiful surprises,” he concludes.

The Library Of Alexandria - Best Of Carl Sagan's Cosmos (Part 7).
---
Subscribe to Science & Reason:
• http://www.youtube.com/Best0fScience
• http://www.youtube.com/SagansCosmos
• http://www.youtube.com/FFreeThinker
---
BEST OF CARL SAGAN'S "COSMOS":
1) 10 Years After: Carl Sagan & Ann Druyan Reflect:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leTNfwfH0Jc
2) Lost Between Immensity And Eternity:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIVsDg6U0LU
3) The Realm Of The Galaxies:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1axoV6HhWfI
4) Our Galaxy, The Milky Way:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOazBTHzRYA
5) Our Solar System:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBqjob-UVeo
6) Eratosthenes And The Round Earth Model:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=en5UKtcNujI
7) The Library Of Alexandria:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVQs4B2jAW0
8) A Short History Of The Universe:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7n2r0qOxJ6k
9) Artificial And Natural Selection:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3uToVWZkWM
10) The Cosmic Year:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFqbm_94nTM
11) Tree Of Life - 4 Billion Years Of Evolution:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KF0UECN4ndA
12) The Miracle Of Life:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOyojWeOYNA
13) DNA - The Common Basis Of Life:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecmuvjSykf8
14) Abiogenesis The Origin Of Life:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yet1xkAv_HY
15) Astronomy vs Astrology:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImaQS9NJ0nI
16) Pictures In The Sky:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwCAwc4bge4
17) Ancient Astronomy:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H-5dwJwau1Y
18) Triumph Of Modern Science Over Medieval Superstition:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lfmRqT-B_c
19) The Mysterious Tonguska Event:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irVof7adq4s
---
Carl Edward Sagan, Ph.D. (1934-1996) was an American astronomer, astrochemist, author, and highly successful popularizer of astronomy, astrophysics and other natural sciences. He pioneered exobiology and promoted the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI).
He is world-famous for writing popular science books and for co-writing and presenting the award-winning 1980 television series "Cosmos: A Personal Voyage", which has been seen by more than 600 million people in over 60 countries, making it the most widely watched PBS program in history.
A book to accompany the program was also published. He also wrote the novel "Contact", the basis for the 1997 Robert Zemecki's film of the same name starring Jodie Foster.
During his lifetime, Sagan published more than 600 scientific papers and popular articles and was author, co-author, or editor of more than 20 books. In his works, he frequently advocated skeptical inquiry, secular humanism, and the scientific method.
http://www.carlsagan.com
.

Author and researcher Wallace Thorhill joins us to discuss his work and book "The Electric Universe". He has been working closely with David Talbot over at thunderbolts.info and he's one of the voices in the "Thunderbolts of the Gods" DVD. Previously we've had Donald Scott and Rens van der Sluijs with us on the program, also contributors to thunderbolts.info, now Wallace joins us for an excellent two hour program as we explore the exciting theory of the electric universe. Topics Discussed: Immanuel Velikovsky, The Saturn Myth, Ancient Solar system, Gravity, Electricity, Journal of Classical Physics, Einstein, the Electric Universe Theory, Quasars, Black Holes, The Standard Model of the Sun, Solar Activity, Anode, Glow Discharge, Photosphere, Magnetism, Twisted Pairs, DNA shape of a Galaxy, Dark Currents, Fractal, The Nature of Gravity, Infinite Speed, Nerve Signaling Speed, Tom Van Flandern, The Origins of the Universe, Longitudinal System, Tesla, Free Energy and more. Don't miss hour two coming up with Wallace Thornhill for Red Ice Members, a very interesting continuation as we talk about Deep Impact, Temple One, Comets, Gravity, Discharge, Lightning, Sprites, Earthquakes and the relationship between the Earth, the Sun, the Galaxy and the Universe. We also go into the very fascinating area of Proto-Saturn, Saturn as a Brown Dwarf, this is our origins, we talk about what Wall calls "the Purple Dawn of Creation" and where the mythology and stories comes from in terms of our ancient past with two suns. Our solar system used to be a Binary Star system. So what happened to Saturn, we can still see effects of that today with the rings of Saturn and the hexagonal glow at its poles? We talk about Venus, Mars, the Sun, The Moon and comet's. We also get Wall's take on the "Norway Spiral". We talk about Plasma Discharge, Time Travel and the search for E.T. as well. March 11, 2010 http://www.redicecreations.com/

Note: I edited this video, here is the full 10mins.
Stephen Hawking: Asking big questions about the universe
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjBIsp8mS-c
http://www.ted.com In keeping with the theme of TED2008, professor Stephen Hawking asks some Big Questions about our universe -- How did the universe begin? How did life begin? Are we alone? -- and discusses how we might go about answering them.
PLEASE SUBSCRIBE TO: http://www.youtube.com/user/TEDtalksDirector
"Since, in the long run, every planetary civilization will be endangered by impacts from space, every surviving civilization is obliged to become spacefaring--not because of exploratory or romantic zeal, but for the most practical reason imaginable: staying alive... If our long-term survival is at stake, we have a basic responsibility to our species to venture to other worlds."
Carl Sagan, Pale Blue Dot, 1994
"We need the stars... We need purpose! We need the image the Destiny [to take root among the stars] gives us of ourselves as a purposeful, growing species. We need to become the adult species that the Destiny can help us become! If we're to be anything other than smooth dinosaurs who evolve, specialize and die, we need the stars.... When we have no difficult, long-term purpose to strive toward, we fight each other. We destroy ourselves. We have these chaotic, apocalyptic periods of murderous craziness."
Octavia Butler, Parable of the Talents, 1998
"I don't think the human race will survive the next thousand years, unless we spread into space. There are too many accidents that can befall life on a single planet. But I'm an optimist. We will reach out to the stars."
Stephen Hawking, interview with Daily Telegraph, 2001
"The dinosaurs became extinct because they didn't have a space program. And if we become extinct because we don't have a space program, it'll serve us right!"
Larry Niven, quoted by Arthur Clarke in interview
at space.com, 2001
"In time, [a Martian] colony would grow to the point of being self- sustaining. When this stage was reached, humanity would have a precious insurance policy against catastrophe at home. During the next millennium there is a significant chance that civilization on Earth will be destroyed by an asteroid, a killer plague or a global war. A Martian colony could keep the flame of civilization and culture alive until Earth could be reverse- colonized from Mars."
Paul Davies, The New York Times, 2004
"We must turn our guns away from each other and outwards, to defend the Earth, creating a global and in space network of sensors and telescopes to find asteroids that could destroy our planet and create the systems to stop them. It makes no sense to dream great dreams while waiting to be hit by a train." Buzz Aldrin and Rick Tumlinson, Ad Astra Online, 2006

Thanks to modern technology, today's youngsters grow up knowing more about our sun, planets, and solar system than all the famous philosopher/scientists in history -- Archimedes, Aristotle, Democritus, Copernicus, Galileo, Sir Isaac Newton. NASA allows us to take a close look at some of our most fascinating neighbors, from the sun to the nine known planets, and beyond to star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies. ... nasa sun planets venus mercury earth mars saturn jupiter star galaxy nebula ...

This is part 1 of a 5 part episode. To watch the full show go to my channel (Zuke696) then go to my Playlist, find the show then click Play All - Hubble's Heritage - In 1929, astronomer Edwin Hubble made one of the greatest discoveries in the history of science -- the expansion of the universe. To honor this king of cosmology, an orbiting observatory named the Hubble Space Telescope was launched in 1990 after years of research and delay. Hubble's Heritage takes a closer look at this instrument, from its beginning as a flawed engineering nightmare to its evolution, through corrective optics, into humanity's eyes on the universe. Viewers see some of the astonishing images captured by the Hubble Space Telescope through the years and learn of their significance to astronomers. Designers of the next generation of space telescopes explain the challenges that must be met before Hubble's successors can reveal more mysteries of the universe.

~credits video: http://youtube.com/ESOobservatory Astronomers using ESO instruments have discovered a remarkable extrasolar planetary system that has some striking similarities to our own Solar System. At least five planets are orbiting the Sun-like star HD 10180, and the regular pattern of their orbits is similar to that observed for our neighbouring planets. One of the new extrasolar worlds could be only 1.4 times the mass of the Earth, making it the least massive exoplanet ever found. This video podcast explains how these faraway planets were detected and exactly what we know about them.
Astronomers using ESO's world-leading HARPS instrument have discovered a planetary system containing at least five planets, orbiting the Sun-like star HD 10180. The researchers also believe the system has two other planets, one of which would have the lowest mass ever found, making the system similar to our own Solar System in terms of the number of planets. Furthermore, the scientists find that the location of the planets follows a regular pattern, as also seen in our own Solar System
The team of astronomers used the HARPS spectrograph, attached to ESO's 3.6-metre telescope at La Silla, Chile. HARPS is an instrument with unrivalled stability and great precision, and the world's most successful exoplanet hunter. The astronomers, led by Christophe Lovis from the Geneva Observatory, studied the Sun-like star HD 10180 over a period of six years! This star is located 127 light-years away in the southern constellation Hydrus ("the Male Water Snake").
Thanks to the 190 individual HARPS measurements, the astronomers detected the wobbles of the star caused by five or more planets. The five strongest signals correspond to planets with Neptune-like masses — between 13 and 25 Earth masses — which orbit the star in between 6 to 600 days. The astronomers have also strong reason to believe that two other planets are present. One would be a Saturn-like planet orbiting in 2200 days. The other, having a mass of only about 1.4 times that of the Earth would be the least massive exoplanet ever discovered. This suspected planet is very close to its host star and so it is likely to be very hot. One 'year' on this planet lasts only 1.18 Earth-days!
The newly discovered Solar System is unique in several respects. First of all, with at least five Neptune-like planets lying within a distance equivalent to the orbit of Mars, this system is more populated than our own Solar System in its inner region, and has many more massive planets there. Furthermore, the system probably has no Jupiter-like gas giant. In addition, all the planets seem to have almost circular orbits. Dynamical studies of the new system reveal complex interactions between planets and give us insights into its long-term evolution.
Using the new discovery as well as data for other planetary systems, the astronomers discovered that the locations of the planets seem to follow a regular pattern — similar to the "Titius-Bode" law that exists in our Solar System. This could be a general signature of how planetary systems form. Another important result is that all very massive planetary systems are found around massive and metal-rich stars, while the four lowest-mass systems are found around lower-mass and metal-poor stars. These properties confirm current theoretical models.
There is no doubt that this remarkable discovery highlights the fact that we are now entering a new era in exoplanet science: the study of complex planetary systems and not just of individual planets!!
And with HARPS, European astronomers will be a driving force behind this transition.
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ESOcast is produced by ESO, the European Southern Observatory. ESO, the European Southern Observatory, is the pre-eminent intergovernmental science and technology organisation in astronomy designing, constructing and operating the world's most advanced ground-based telescopes.
• http://eso.org

The History Channel
Australia & New Zealand
The Universe : 1/14
Beyond The Big Bang : 1/7
Copernicus
Learn about Copernicus' theories of a sun-centered universe.
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It all began inside a violent, blinding explosion that threw everything into chaos. Ever since, our greatest thinkers have peered into that chaos in search of order, logic & the answers to where we began.
As earlier generations learned to decipher the cosmic clues of how we came to be, we stepped from revelation to revelation; epiphany to epiphany.
Aristotle told us the world was round. Ptolemy conceived of a system of planets, stars & sun.
Copernicus placed the sun at the center of this system.
Galileo confirmed it.
Newton explained what held it all together. Einstein offered insight into what fueled it.
Hubble proposed it started with a "Big Bang".
Our search for answers has shaped how we have evolved as thinking creatures.
The Big Bang is the history of why & how we think about who & what we are.
We'll contemplate how various cultures believe the world began & how it will all end...& what comes after.
& for the first time, we'll be able to see what it might have all looked like, sitting in God's front row seats.
Using unprecedented cutting edge animation, The Big Bang will recreate that amazing moment when everything started.
With interviews from the world's leading physicists, engineers & historians we will employ every storytelling tool to make complex & confusing ideas clear, exciting & dramatic.
Recreations, visual metaphors & first-person accounts will explain concepts like: the formation of galaxies, the existence of other dimensions & the idea of a parallel universe.
The Big Bang will pose one of history's greatest questions, Where do we begin?
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http://www.thehistorychannel.com.au

http://Cosmology.com Nebula & Galaxies: A Cosmic Journey Through the Universe. A documentary film by Rhawn Joseph, Ph.D. http://BrainMind.com
The music in order of play: "Flight of the Valkries" by Wagner. "William Tell Overture" by Rossini. Beethoven. "Poet & Peasant Overture" by von Suppe.

What is mass and what does it have to do with the Higgs Boson?
Part I: http://dft.ba/-higgsPart1
Also, explore a map of the big bang! http://www.bigbangregistry.com
MinutePhysics is on Google+ - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6
And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics
And twitter - @minutephysics
Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!
Music by Nathaniel Schroeder
Thanks to Nima Doroud for contributions and to Perimeter Institute for support.
http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca

This is part 3 of a 5 part episode. To watch the full show go to my channel (Zuke696) then go to my Playlist, find the show then click Play All - Hubble's Heritage - In 1929, astronomer Edwin Hubble made one of the greatest discoveries in the history of science -- the expansion of the universe. To honor this king of cosmology, an orbiting observatory named the Hubble Space Telescope was launched in 1990 after years of research and delay. Hubble's Heritage takes a closer look at this instrument, from its beginning as a flawed engineering nightmare to its evolution, through corrective optics, into humanity's eyes on the universe. Viewers see some of the astonishing images captured by the Hubble Space Telescope through the years and learn of their significance to astronomers. Designers of the next generation of space telescopes explain the challenges that must be met before Hubble's successors can reveal more mysteries of the universe.

Science & Reason on Facebook: http://tinyurl.com/ScienceReason
The Hubble Space Telescope Is Back - Better Than Ever! Final Servicing Mission.
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Please subscribe to Science & Reason:
• http://www.YouTube.com/Best0fScience
• http://www.YouTube.com/ScienceMagazine
• http://www.YouTube.com/ScienceTV
• http://www.YouTube.com/FFreeThinker
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"Improved Hubble Shows Evidence of Dark Matter"
• http://www.youtube.com/user/tdarnell#play/uploads/2/3wluv08tDhU
• http://www.deepastronomy.com/
"When Hubble Opened its New Eyes"
• http://www.youtube.com/AndromedasWake
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bytNgT7l8k
"The Hubble Space Telescope - Rebirth of an Icon (Hubblecast 30)"
• http://www.youtube.com/ESOcast
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hjy7YSIH-GI
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The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was carried into orbit by the space shuttle in April 1990. It is named after the American astronomer Edwin Hubble. Although not the first space telescope, the Hubble is one of the largest and most versatile, and is well-known as both a vital research tool and a public relations boon for astronomy.
The HST is a collaboration between NASA and the European Space Agency, and is one of NASA's Great Observatories, along with the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.
Space telescopes were proposed as early as 1923. The Hubble was funded in the 1970s, with a proposed launch in 1983, but the project was beset by technical delays, budget problems, and the Challenger disaster. When finally launched in 1990, scientists found that the main mirror had been ground incorrectly, severely compromising the telescope's capabilities.
However, after a servicing mission in 1993, the telescope was restored to its intended quality. Hubble's orbit outside the distortion of Earth's atmosphere allows it to take extremely sharp images with almost no background light. Hubble's Ultra Deep Field image, for instance, is the most detailed visible-light image ever made of the universe's most distant objects. Many Hubble observations have led to breakthroughs in astrophysics, such as accurately determining the rate of expansion of the universe.
The Hubble is the only telescope ever designed to be serviced in space by astronauts. There have been five servicing missions, the last occurring in May 2009. Servicing Mission 1 took place in December 1993 when Hubble's imaging flaw was corrected. Servicing missions 2, 3A, and 3B repaired various sub-systems and replaced many of the observing instruments with more modern and capable versions.
However, following the 2003 Space Shuttle Columbia accident, the fifth servicing mission was canceled on safety grounds. After spirited public discussion, NASA reconsidered this decision, and administrator Mike Griffin approved one final Hubble servicing mission. STS-125 was launched in May 2009, and installed two new instruments and made numerous repairs.
The latest servicing should allow the telescope to function until at least 2014, when its successor, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), is due to be launched. The JWST will be far superior to Hubble for many astronomical research programs, but will only observe in infrared, so it will complement (not replace) Hubble's ability to observe in the visible and ultraviolet parts of the spectrum.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope
.