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r t<.nii of hie watchman â€ž , r:,,â€ž,,i per year two dollars payable in f*r . ii.it if not aid in advance two dollars jjiftvets will be charged uv7 i ts inserted nt 1 for the first and 2o cts *! ,;-, subsequent insertion court orders ch.rged i , â€¢ higher than these rates a liberal deduc lto those who advertise by the year , l s to the editors must be post paid jjei â€¢ lk â€” l'..r the watchman jfore facts from dr bach man the number of known languages in the ! u |, 3664 ' of these 162 are in america ; i)â€ž(tj have 42 teeth cats 30 men 32 which are found uniformly together with 209 bones in a human subjects i'he whole race of men shed and renew tbeir teeth at a particular age the tempera re of lhe body is the same in all all the races have the same period of longevity they a|j equally exposed lo the same diseases t|,e greatest naturalists in all ages have re ; ded je whole race of man as one species ; li god since lhe original creation ol man h formed different races in different parls of the world oi if he formed different races in le<e different places at the same time ihen â– aa departed from those laws of nature that have been found uniform in all other cases â€” while ihere are many remains of inferior an . imalfi iu i''1 rocks of the globe in no in stance have human fossils been discovered in he older formations nature as well as the bible tells the truth no race of wild or of domesticated animals can be traced to a mix lure of iwo or more species varieties in a species become permanent multiply rapidly and run into other varieties the black tat among us is a native of persia and bas formed a great many varieties some 0t which are white both the peafowl and guinea hen are found â– ot various colors and often white nothing hut a creative act of cod can form a distinct species the common wolf has the widest geograph ical range of any of the inferior animals and is found in nearly or quite all pails of the world they an white black red gray and clouded ihey differ in many other respects also ; yet they are admitted to belong lo the i game race : aud why nol the varieties uf men i which are no greater so the varieties ofthe ! horse are fully as numerous but all belong lo one species mow vasl the difference between j the " marsh lackies of carolina and the dray borse of philadelphia with legs 13 inches in j circumference and hoofs too big lor a peck tub or lhe english racer or the arabian horse yet all these varieties of form size and color belong lo one species so ol our domestic cattle some have no hum : others again in abyssinia and western louisiana have horns as large as the tusks of the elephant some of the size ofa dog some weighing 4000 pounds some have bumps on their shoulders ; some have long pendulous ears ; some have long manes ; they are of all colors the size and shape of the skull are various tbere ate some animals that when wild pro duce young only once a year whendotneslicated produce 2 or 3 times a year some breeds ol sheep have 2 some 4 and some fi horns some have a mass of fat weigh ing 3o or 40 pounds in place of a tail there are 2 varieties ul the canary bird all wild lowers are single in the cultiva ted ones ihe pistils are converted into petals all men have the same number of teeth and bones all shed their teeth ; erect iu stature : the same articulation of the head with the spi nal column ; smooth skin and hair on lhe bead : the same number and arrangement of the muscles in every part of the body : the same organs of speech and power of singing the same mental faculties and conscience ; capable of living on all kinds ot food and in habiting all climates of slower growth and later in arriving at puberty than any other ani mal the same period of gestation produce the same number ol young and subject to lhe tame diseases for the watchman liberty hill n c july 27 1850 mr bruner â€” sir : you will find inclosed * few lines of information lhat i wish and i believe the most of your subscribers would like to see published lo the world as follows : secret societies we begin by making men pharisees and nd by transforming them into sadusees to suppose lhal chris jesus for the purpose of benefiting or reforming men would have joined fl society like ihe sous of temperance or odd fellows ; pledged himself lo keep its transac tions secret frotn all lhe female aud most ofthe male disciples : lo receive and call lhe mem bers of such societies his brethren and pro nouncing a sort of blessing in the name ofthe great patriarch above ; lo suppose that christ would have devoted or advised his disciples to devote the lime and expense called for by such societies to such ends that he would have pul on their regalia and walked thus iu proces sions ; hat he would have entered into their mysteties by the outside and inside sentinels sal wiih closed doors and shutters ; addressed the presiding officer by the title of " most worthy patriarch whether lhe person hap pened to be old or young worthy or unworthy uch a title ; lo suppose the blessed jesus would have met iu such a secret conclave to devise measures and execute schemes of reform which are kepi secret from the persons to be reformed ; to suppose this is to betray our utter ignorance of christ his character doctrines and mission christ was open in all his pro eeedings ; these societies are dark â€” he re jected pompous titles â€” lliese societies confer them he was a pattern of severe simplicity in person and speech â€” these employ gayish regalia and cabalistic jargon christ explicitly declares thai be resorted lo no secret methods of reform in secret have i said nothing here were no secret meetings or societies among christ's disciples ; cables and con claves there were in their days ; venus had her mysteries and bacchus his orgies and ju p'ler his games and these all had their pro cessions their lodges their signs of initiation and degrees but these were not of christ nor for christ their pretended foundation was philosophy and their professed end hap piness and light ; but iheir practical working was baud and imposition superstition and lust who amused the people by shows and proces sions they attracted the superstitious by iheir hiystic rites gained money from all classes and in the name of one god or another grati fied the appetites and amibiiion of cunning and corrupt leaders while lime bore ihem off . i abstract from the princeton review the carolina watchman j j bruner ) > " keep a check upon am vour editor 4 proprietor ) rulers ( new series do this asd llbertvis safe < gen'l harrison \ volume vii number 14 salisbury n c thursday august 15 1850 governor briggs's address to the conn | cil in the webster case after the commiitee on pardons reported to j the council adversely tothe application of pro | lessor webster for a pardon and recommend i ed friday lhe 30lh of august as the lime for his execution gov briggs read lo the council the following address to the honorable council : the council having considered and acted on the case of john w webster a convict un der sentence of death il becomes my duly as i lhe chief executive magistrate ofthe common : wealth to make a final decision on a question ! involving the life of the prisoner i feel the weight ol its responsibility but it isarespnn sibilily found in lhe path of official duty and i am nol disposed lo evade it or to shrink from it for eight months past this extraordinary case has created a deep and painful interest j among the people of massachusetts and ofthe ! whole union its history is as brief as it is \ lenible and instructive every new develop ! ment iu its progress has been more strange and has increased that interest on the 23d day of november 1849 dr george parkman a well known and highly re i speclable citizen of boston left his house and family nn business as was usual or him i and never returned to them his unexpected absence alarmed his family and excited the al j lention of the people in and around boston â€” in the course ofa day or two it was understood j that the prisoner had said that dr parkman i met him at his rooms in lhe medical college j in the west part of the city nol far from hall | past one o'clock on lhe day of his disappear i ance and that he then and there paid him a i sum of money which he dr parkman look j into his hands aud hastily rushed towards the outer door dr parkman was also seen by other persons | about the same time of day wiihin forty feet of ihe college and walking quickly towards it j these with other circumstances directed the public mind inwards the college buildings â€” the next friday one week after the disappear ance of dr parkman the dismembered parts of a human body wete found in different pla ces in and under the rooms occupied by the prisoner in that college some of ihem in a furnace nearly destroyed by fire some of them packed in a teachest and other parts in lhe vault of a privy attached to his laboratory suspicions were strongly fixed on hun and j he was arrested and committed to leverelt | street jail a coroner's inquest was called ; and alter long examination into facts of the | case conducted in secret the jury reported lhat 1 the remains found were parts ofthe body ofthe j late dr george parkman that he came to his ! death by violence in the medical college in ! boston on friday the 23d day of november and lhat he was killed by john w webster i the evidence laken before the inquest was nol j given to the public in january 1350 tbe i case was laid before the grand jury for the i county uf suffolk and the investigation before i that body resulted iu finding an indictment a j gainst the prisoner for the murder ol dr park man he was arraigned on the indictment and ' plead nol guilty two of the most able and i distinguished lawyers of the commonwealth i were upon his own selection assigned to him i as counsel by lhe supreme court and his trial before the full bench of lhat courl fixed on lhe 19th day of march some lime before ihe day l of trial lhe attorney general furnished the j counsel of the prisoner not only with a list of the names ofthe witnesses to be called against i him which is required lo be done iu all capi i tal cases in his commonwealth but also with a copy of lhe testimony laken before the coro nor's inquest and which had been produced aÂ«ainsl him before the grand jury the time appointed for the trial arrived when lour judges of the supreme court were present i and sat during the trial in pursuance of the j provisions of law sixty jurors had been drawn from the jury box in the county of suffolk â€” by law the prisoner had a righl peremptorily without giving any reason lo challenge wen ] ly jurors and for good reasons to object to any others whose names might be called in em ! pannelling the jury who tried him the prison ! er exercised his peremptory righl ol challenge i iu only fourteen instances the trial was one of surpassing interest and solemnity and lasted eleven days on the part ofthe prisoner the case was aryued with great earnestness candor and ability by the hon pliny merrick his senoir counsel alter de nying that the evidence on the part of the go vernmenl was sufficient to prove that the pris oner killed dr parkman at all lhe counsel look the ground that if in any event lhe jury should come io the conclusion lhat he did kill him then the circumstances of the case were such as to satisfy them lhat the killing could not have been premeditated bul was the result of an unexpected conflict between the parlies and of sudden passion this position he endeavored lo maintain by an ingenious and powerful appeal lo the jury i'he case was closed on the part of the com monwealth by the attorney general by au ad dress of singular point aud effect after the attorney general had finished his argument the court informed the prisoner that he had the right which he might exercise or not as he pleased to make such rem irks to the jury as he saw fit the prisoner rose and for some time addressed the jury in his own behalf â€” an elaborate clear and comprehensive charge was given by the chief justice after conversa tion with the other members of the courl who sat with him at the rial the jury retiied lo iheir room and after an absence of three hours late on saturday even ing returned into court with a verdict of guilty the next monday morning lhe prisoner was again brought into court and received from the chief justice the sentence of the law which doomed him lo suffer death by hanging at such time as ihe execuiive of the commonwealth should appoint in a few days a copy of the record of his conviction was transmitted lo the governor and council by the sheriff of the counly of suffolk according to the direction ofthe statute on he 24th of april the prisoner sent by j lhe band of his friend to the governor and j council a petition for pardon under his own band on the ground of his entire innocence of the crime of which he had been convicted and , for which he was under sentence of death â€” j all proceedings on this petition before the ex '* eeutive were suspended in consequence of hav ing received notice from the counsel ofthe pri j soner that they were about to make applica tion to the supreme court for writ of error to â– be issued in his case on account of certain al â€¢ leged irregularities which bad been discover | ed in the course of the proceedings against him ' the application was heard before the full court 1 and overruled in lhe opinion of lhe court upon that applica i tion pronounced by the chief justice all the \ proceedings in the case are declared lo be ac ceding to established judicial forms and the laws ofthe commonwealth on the â€” day o and before the ques j lion on the writ of error had been settled by | the court the rev dr putnam forthe prison j er asked to be permitted to withdraw the pe | lition which had been presented ip the gover nor and council for further consideration this request was complied with by the gover ; nor and council and the petition in a day or two was handed to dr putnam ou the first day of july dr putnam placed ; in the hands of lhe governor another petition signed by the prisoner asking for a commula lion of his sentence on the second day of july this petition was ! referred to lhe commiitee on pardons and on the same day dr putnam appeared before them and made a statement which he said was au â– ihorized by the prisoner in which the prisoner i admitted that he killed parkman at the time : and place charged against him but denied that j the act was premeditated he narrated what j the prisoner declared lo be the mailer of kill ! ing and described minutely the mode and pro cess in which the body ol dr parkman was disposed of after death the prisoner alleges lhat the " single blow ' with a stick of wood iwo leet long and two in â€¢ ches thick " by which dr parkman was killed j was given by him in a moment when " he was excited to the highest degree of passion and i while dr parkman was speaking and gestic i ulating in lhe most violent and menacing man i ner thrusting the lelter and his fist in his face that in his fury he seized whatever thing was | handiest and that was a slick of wood and dealt to him an iustantanious blow with all lhe force lhat passion could give and that he did not know nor think nor care where he should hit him nor how hard nor what the effect i would be upon ihis statement and upon the other facts j proved upon the trial dr putnam addressed the commiitee at length in an able and im pressive argument in favor of commuting the sentence ot the courl a petition from the family ofthe prisoner was before the commit tee and a large number of other petitions some for a full pardon and others for a commu | tation were in lhe hands of the commiitee â€” j most of these petitions were from people men | and women in other slates and generally j placed their petition for a remission or miliga j lion of the sentence on the grounds of the j doubts of lhe prisoner's guilt the committee j gave three hearings after the meeting at which j dr putnam addressed ihem and listened to | those who desired lo be heard in aid ol the pris j oner's petition and in support of dr putnam's 1 views the committee on pardons consisting ofi the lieut governor and four councillors after j a full careful and patient hearing of all that ! could be offered by lhe friends of lhe prisoner and by others who were pleased to be heard in his behalf came lo the unanimous opinion i thai there were no sufficient reasons to justify . them in recommending tbe interposition of ex eeutive clemency they recommended lhat the governor be \ advised to have the sentence of the law as ; as pronounced by the court carried into effect on the 30th day of august next the council with but one exception con curred with the report of the commiitee and advised the governor lo carry out the sentence ofthe court as recommended by them in carefully and anxiously examining and considering the case i do not feel authorized by any considerations which have been presented to my mind to set aside the deliberate verdict of the jury arrest the solemn decree of he law as pronounced by lhe highest judicial tribunal of the commonwealth and disregard the opin ion and advice of lhe council if the circum stances ofthe killing as stated by the prisoner are taken to be true it may well be questioned whether the executive council could interfere with lhe sentence without violating the settled law ofthe land lu his charge to the jury in this case the chief justice says : " it is a set tied rule that no provocation with words only icill justify a mortal blow then if upon pro raking language the parti intentionally revenge himself with a mortal blow il is unepiestionably murder the only new fact brought to light as to the killing depends upon the word of the prisoner : ll will hardly be pretended by any one thai the declaration ofa person under sentence of death should be permitled lo outweigh the doings ol the courl and jury and rescue him from the consequences which are to follow their proceed ings it is candidly slated by dr putnam in his able argument and by several of the peti tions presented in favor of commutation re ceived since his confession that standing as he does lhe word of the prisoner is entitled lo ; no credit . if ihe circumstances disclosed on the trial are j relied on to support his statement lhe reply is | that those circumstances were urged in his fa j vor before the jury and they have decided a i gainst him the facts of this appalling case j are before the world ; they will hereafter fill one of the gloomiest pages in the record cf crime amongst civilized men it is undisputed lhat on tbe 23d day of no vember 1319 john white webster a pro i lessor in havard university and in lhe medi cal coilege in boston did at mid-day in his room in that college within a few feet of the place wheie he daily stood and delivered scien tific lectures to a large class of young men with unlawful violence take the life of dr j george parkman a respectable citizen of bos ton who had come to lhat room at the repeated j requests of the said webster ; and that after taking his life he eviscerated and in a manner most shocking lo humanity mutilated lhe body of his victim burning parts of it in a furnace and depositing other parts of it in different pla ces in the building where ihey were found by persons who were seeking alter dr parkman and after killing him be robbed his lifeless j creditor by taking tron#him two no'es of hand j signed by himself to which he had no righl j and committed still another crime by making false marks upon those notes ; and that a jury i of his country empannelled according to law , under the direction of four of the five eminent judges constituting the supreme court of mass achusetts after a fong patient and impartial trial and after hearing in his defence the argu meute of learned and eloquent counsel upon iheir oaths found him guilty of murder upon lhat verdict the court pronounced the \ awful sentence of death in such a case ihere ' should be obvious and conclusive reasons to authorize the pardoning power to interpose and arrest the sword ol justice i do nol see these reasons the combined circumstances of lhe t case force tne to the conclusion ihat lhe safety of the community the inviolability of law and the principle of impartial justice demand exe ' cution of the sentence i hope it is not necessary for me to say that it would have given me unspeakable pleasure to come to a different result and that i would , do anything on earth iu my power short of vi ' olating duty lo alleviate the sufferings of a crushed and broken-hearted family geo n.briggs councsl chamber 19th july 1330 the report was accepted with only one vote ' in the negative â€” hon b f copelaud rox ' bury from the charleston courier to the editor ofthe christian enquirer n york reverend sir â€” african slavery has been a benefaction to the world and has forced it ; forward in art and science centuries in the last fifty years the steam engine and the j power loom and the rail road and the magnet ic telegraph â€” those monuments of the crea j tive genius and skill of man â€” what called them into existence they were not the result merely of the progressive spirit â€” they were not produced by abstract impulses of the mind â€” there was a deeper cause than that some , thing tangible which itself created the spirit of invention i will lell you what it was â€” one of the pro i ducts of slave labor cotton ! it kindled the promeihean fire in whitney and through a j long line has been blazing brighter and bright er subduing earth air water and at length i chaining the very lightning of heaven aud ma king it minister to man's necessities is not this so you may deny il ; you hate to con j cede anything to the culprit institution but there stand the facts and it is as easy to trace the effect to the cause as to refer the riven tree to the bolt from heaven i will say nothing of the rice and sugar and hemp and coffee and : lhe various other productions of slave labor ! valuable as they are and ministering as they do ! to the wealth and comfort of the world throw them aside from the estimate and i assert that j lhe slave-raised cotton alone has exercised a i greater and more salutary influence on the | world than any one or one dozen other causes you can name it has revolutionized commerce and manu factures created navies built cities and af fords daily sustenance to millions of the human family the revenue of nations and the pit lance of the humble spinner the price ol stocks and the price of bread ail measurably depend ' on cotton blot new england from existence with the admitted intelligence industry skill and wealth of its people with its hundred cities and thou sand factories and how long would the world feel lhe loss ten years ' twenty years ? perhaps so but stop the proeluction of cotton and the whole world must stand still and who can tell how long ! this is not hyperbole submit it to the lest of reason and it will be sustained by its most sober deductions don't tell me that the world would find a substitute for cotton i know that the world must find a substitute or perish ; bul when would it find it has not old englanel been growling for twenty years at ber dependence on foreigners for lhat which is vital to her ex istence ! has she not exerted her wealth and power and skill lo emancipate hersell by find ing a substitute or growing her own cotton ? â€” but she has failed in all her tfforts and is now more securely harnessed than ever has not new englanel been preaching for a like period about the sin of lhe culprit in stitution bul still using the products and growing rich on them and if you could have found a substitute would you nol have sunk the south and her institution in perdition tbe world then is indebted to african slavery and like a senseless ingrate now seeks to destroy its benefactor lt may suc ceed but if it does it will inflict the most de plorable self-punishment i have but a few more remarks to make and they shall be on the duty the south owes to herself in the present emergency i shall be brief for it does not admit of much argument the day for that bas past ; lhe souih must act promptly firmly and unitedly and she may yet stay the torrent that threatens to overwhelm the land the south has been faithful to the constitu tion and has never sought to evade any obli gation imposed by it under it as adopted by our forefathers she would have been content to live but that has not been permitled : and under lhe aggressive attacks of the noith and by their votes she submitted to a curtailment i of her constitutional rights in lhe " missouri compromise it was a fatal mistake i for i when did concession ever stop aggressiom ? â€” nevertheless to lhat also she has been faith ful and because she has been you again ad vance and seek lo deprive her of her just share in the arquuitiuns for which her best blooel has been freely spilled â€” to hem her in cribbed and confined lo a circumscribed limit while you range free and exulting from the atlantic lo the pacific to this insulting demand there should be but one response and i trusl the convention about to assemble at nashville will unanimously counsel lhe south lo make it a firm and uncompromising no ! and meet lhe issue â€” your obedient t charleston may 2'2 1<"30 passing away the new york obituary record of saturday week contains the names of two of the oldest and most widely known residents of that city when in their piime lhe names and persons of mat hew l davis and jacob hays were famil iar to more people of all classes and ages than ibose of many more popular men ivlathew l davis was a very long time one of the most active and influential politicians of new york he devoted his time his money and his leisure â€” and at one time he was a man of large means and much leisure â€” to lhe direc tion of parly affairs he had accordingly a much wider influence lhan his ostensible posi tion explained and was consulted and courted by the ambitious men ol the city and state â€” he made thereby a universal acquaintance with the leading men of every part of lhe slate es pecially of the old republican party with which he was associated until 1824-'5 when he at tached himself to lhe administration of mr adams and continued ever afterwards to fob low with unhesitating zeal lhe fortunes of mr clay mr davis was unless mr sargent the â€¢- oliver old school " of lhe 17 s gazette of philadelphia disputes lhe priority with him the original ofthe class of lelter writers from wash ing which is now so numerous he wrote for the new york courier and enquirer under the ' title of " spy in washington and as he had a remarkably cleat and vivacious style was care ful in the quality of his facts and was evidently in the confidence ofa powerful interest at wash ington his letters were read with eagerness and treated with a consideration which does not belong to washington correspondents in these days of profuse and heedless writing in his later days he became poor and depended up on his personal labor by his pen for his support he lost his importance gradually and fell out ofthe public view he was a long time the american correspondent ofthe london times under the title of the genevese traveller of late years he has been in extremely feeble health and finally died from natural decay at about 84 years of age in his maturity he was a man of remarkable activity both ot mind and body of greal powers of conversation abound ing in anecdotes of public men and public af fairs and telling them with point and animal ion in face he had some resemblance lo the prints ofthe french oralor m thiers and the ra pidily of bis utterance and his habit of shifting his glasses when excited gave hirn the nick name by which he was known in parly circles as lhe old boy in specs the other octogenarion who died on the same day was jacob hays â€” old hays " â€” who was the head constable of new oik when it was little more than a village aud has held the post for half a century once his name was a by word every where with which to throw terror into rogues or to express sleepless vigilance iu hunting out roguery to set " old hays " af ter an offender was equivalent to cornering him at once ; lo threaten to send for " old hays " was a sure way of frightening young sinners or lo still noisy children his stern face swarthy complexion deep black eyes and stur dy compact frame were known to every man woman and child in new york as new york was a few years age grew upon him as lhe city expanded around him and finally he sank into obscurity younger men and newer systems displacing the old man yel not having altoge ther superceded him he retained to the last the titulary appointment of high constable of which the duties were merely nominal open ing the common council and marching in pro cession with his staff of oflice we saw him a year or two since walking feebly along sup ported on either side by his family and yet there was a fire in his eye and a quick pene tration in his glance which reminded us of the time when the sight of him at a disiance would scatter a mob and clear the streets of all who could nol give a good account ol themselves â€” the veteran must have often paused o ponder amidst the half million of people ot new york lo few of whom be was now an object of cut i osity upon the changes that have grown up since his single stall kept the whole city in or der and he could walk the streets seperating out wiih his eye every stranger from among the citizens and marking down the suspicia is for further scrutiny the very place on which he died though now f.tr below the centre of population of the city was even in his maimer years the boy's play ground out of town ; and he had doubtless hunted out fugitive rascals in the swamps and thickets wheie nu\v broad streets extend for miles covered with rows of heavy buildings and thronged with a dense and accumulating popnl ttion such veterans a davis and hays are of the few remaining links tiiat connect the new york of ibis day with the new york of the past as it was in the recollection of most of those who left it young are only roused lo a perception of lhe reality of its vast expansion and the insensible lapse of iheir own years by an occasional event which wakens up the me mory the young men bave become old and changed ; the old men die off one by one batdly noticed in the throng which has crowd ed in to usurp their places ; the old places are no longer recognizable ; even the natural land marks which to have a perpetuity like ihe rock ribbed hills have been displaced and within a space of lime not longer than thai between boyhood and middle aged in a lifetime all things that were appear to be obliterated or made new they are not what they were and the sojourner in other places who goes back io recall the scenes and the men ol a quarter of a century only ago finds himself among strangers in strange places almost an antiquarian searching for ihe relicts ol mmm former age a few more deaths of uch men as davis and hays will lake the fo.t of the generation which knew new yoik in its birth and served as guatdians ofa thousand precious traditions which are passing away â€” n or leans picayune from the asheville news it will be so col reid and the eistern democrats are struggling hard o prevent the western people from insisting for a change in the basis of re presentation but we tell them that the people of the west are determined upon thai change â€” 17 will be made â€” it must come ' the we tern counties have been imposed upon long enough already and nothing but a thorough aud radical retorm ot the constitution in this particular will satisfy the people eastern po iiicians and editors may raise the cry of abo lilion or whatever else tiny best suit iheii laste and while we hurl back the epithet as false and slanderous we still claim a change â€” still insist upon our rights the western people are not abolitionists â€” those wh > wo a 1 make the charge know better iu nearly all ot the southern states the basis ol representation is while population ate they all free soldiers ? no ofa truth some of those who pretend tu be most uneasy lest a change of ihe basis should squint at abolitionism and thus give aid and comfort lo our common enemy had better look well to their own couise on the subject of southern rights and see it they have not been nearer committing treason against their own section than the western people are when they insist upon a change in the basis no â€” it is all gammon â€” nobody believes that a change of the basis would affect in any way lhe question of slavery ll is only a lame excuse tor per petuating a gross wrong â€” for continuing upon the western people the degrading manacles which now feller them we can lell col reid one thing that he is probably nol aware of â€” the western people don't want â€” they iron hare free sufrage,without equal suffrage mark t tie words when it is tested whether they will not indignantly spurn this shadow oi a right â€” this tinkling brass unless they gel along with that which is worth something â€” lhat which has some substance connected wiih it â€” a change of the basis the day is coming when ihis right will be granted â€” such rank injustice stinks in the nos trils of all good men and is offensive io hear en time will effect ibis change â€” it must do it in the very nature of things nothing short of this will satisfy the people their will is omnipotent and must prevail the folly of pride the very willy and sarcastic li tv sidney smith for many years one of the contributors lo the great english reviews thus discourseth on the lolly ol pride in such a creature as man : , " after all take some quiet sober moment of life and add together the two ideas ol pride and of man ; behold him creature of a span bigb stalking through infinite space in all the gran deur of littleness pearcbed on a speck of the universe every wind of heaven stiikes into bis blood lhe coldness of death his soul floats fiom his body like melody from the siring j day and night as dust ou the wheel he is rolled a long the heavens through a labyrinth of worlds and all beneath the creation of god tire tl iming above and beneath is this a creature to make himsell a crown of glory ; lo deny his own flesh lo mock at his fellow sprung from lhat dust to which both will soon return ' does he not snffii ? does he not die ' when he reasons is he never stopped by difficulties ' â€” when he acts is he free from pain ' when he dies can he escape the common grave ? â€” pride is noi the heritage of man ; humility . should dwell wiih frailly and alone lor ignor ance error and imperfection destructive and fatal accident on lhe line railroad a most frightful accident occurred on the new york and erie railroad about one o'clock yesterday which resulted in a great destruction of properly ami loss of life the freight train from oswego for pierriepoint was precipitated in the del aware river in consequence ofthe falling of the iron bridge about three miles from lackawaxen there were seventeen cars containing 130 beef cattle 50fl sheep and 200 hog all intended for the market of this city the locomotive passed safe ly over the bridge but lhe immense weight of the train cars was more than the strength of the bridge could bear and the whole was thrown into the river below â€” a distance of 70 feet â€” killing nearly till the stock and five men who were on lhe cars besides seriously injuring lhe con ductor and brakeman the engineer and fireman as soon as they saw the bridge giving way jumped from the loco motive which was slopped in conse quence of the water tank becoming de tached and one of the steam pipes break ing the conductor and breaktnan were brought to porte jcrvis last night where they remain in a very critical condition the whole damage including the destruc tion of the bridge is estimated at 8 0j0 n v il i aid accitleul on the hudson rioer railroad while about mi i way between pishkill and cold spring the trail of wednea lay night rati over a man named dennis cre gan one ofthe bands employed on section no 11 as a flag man as soon as tin accident was known the train put bad when the man was loin i he was still alive but past all assistance the cow catcher had struck him on the lower part of the right leg and on tbe chin nearly severin the leg ami mangling his face and chin in a frightful maimer lie died in a few minutes after â€” a 1 . herald superior courts the judges of the superior courts will ride lhe ensuing fall circuits in the fol lowing order viz : 1 edenton judge caldwell 2 newbern '" ' 3 raleigh m bniley 4 hillsborough " w inly 5 wilmington battle 6 sali>bttry " settle 7 morganton " 1 j h thai folia .:. love grub hm 'â– 'â– ' â€¢'â€¢Â»â–

r t " keep a check upon am vour editor 4 proprietor ) rulers ( new series do this asd llbertvis safe < gen'l harrison \ volume vii number 14 salisbury n c thursday august 15 1850 governor briggs's address to the conn | cil in the webster case after the commiitee on pardons reported to j the council adversely tothe application of pro | lessor webster for a pardon and recommend i ed friday lhe 30lh of august as the lime for his execution gov briggs read lo the council the following address to the honorable council : the council having considered and acted on the case of john w webster a convict un der sentence of death il becomes my duly as i lhe chief executive magistrate ofthe common : wealth to make a final decision on a question ! involving the life of the prisoner i feel the weight ol its responsibility but it isarespnn sibilily found in lhe path of official duty and i am nol disposed lo evade it or to shrink from it for eight months past this extraordinary case has created a deep and painful interest j among the people of massachusetts and ofthe ! whole union its history is as brief as it is \ lenible and instructive every new develop ! ment iu its progress has been more strange and has increased that interest on the 23d day of november 1849 dr george parkman a well known and highly re i speclable citizen of boston left his house and family nn business as was usual or him i and never returned to them his unexpected absence alarmed his family and excited the al j lention of the people in and around boston â€” in the course ofa day or two it was understood j that the prisoner had said that dr parkman i met him at his rooms in lhe medical college j in the west part of the city nol far from hall | past one o'clock on lhe day of his disappear i ance and that he then and there paid him a i sum of money which he dr parkman look j into his hands aud hastily rushed towards the outer door dr parkman was also seen by other persons | about the same time of day wiihin forty feet of ihe college and walking quickly towards it j these with other circumstances directed the public mind inwards the college buildings â€” the next friday one week after the disappear ance of dr parkman the dismembered parts of a human body wete found in different pla ces in and under the rooms occupied by the prisoner in that college some of ihem in a furnace nearly destroyed by fire some of them packed in a teachest and other parts in lhe vault of a privy attached to his laboratory suspicions were strongly fixed on hun and j he was arrested and committed to leverelt | street jail a coroner's inquest was called ; and alter long examination into facts of the | case conducted in secret the jury reported lhat 1 the remains found were parts ofthe body ofthe j late dr george parkman that he came to his ! death by violence in the medical college in ! boston on friday the 23d day of november and lhat he was killed by john w webster i the evidence laken before the inquest was nol j given to the public in january 1350 tbe i case was laid before the grand jury for the i county uf suffolk and the investigation before i that body resulted iu finding an indictment a j gainst the prisoner for the murder ol dr park man he was arraigned on the indictment and ' plead nol guilty two of the most able and i distinguished lawyers of the commonwealth i were upon his own selection assigned to him i as counsel by lhe supreme court and his trial before the full bench of lhat courl fixed on lhe 19th day of march some lime before ihe day l of trial lhe attorney general furnished the j counsel of the prisoner not only with a list of the names ofthe witnesses to be called against i him which is required lo be done iu all capi i tal cases in his commonwealth but also with a copy of lhe testimony laken before the coro nor's inquest and which had been produced aÂ«ainsl him before the grand jury the time appointed for the trial arrived when lour judges of the supreme court were present i and sat during the trial in pursuance of the j provisions of law sixty jurors had been drawn from the jury box in the county of suffolk â€” by law the prisoner had a righl peremptorily without giving any reason lo challenge wen ] ly jurors and for good reasons to object to any others whose names might be called in em ! pannelling the jury who tried him the prison ! er exercised his peremptory righl ol challenge i iu only fourteen instances the trial was one of surpassing interest and solemnity and lasted eleven days on the part ofthe prisoner the case was aryued with great earnestness candor and ability by the hon pliny merrick his senoir counsel alter de nying that the evidence on the part of the go vernmenl was sufficient to prove that the pris oner killed dr parkman at all lhe counsel look the ground that if in any event lhe jury should come io the conclusion lhat he did kill him then the circumstances of the case were such as to satisfy them lhat the killing could not have been premeditated bul was the result of an unexpected conflict between the parlies and of sudden passion this position he endeavored lo maintain by an ingenious and powerful appeal lo the jury i'he case was closed on the part of the com monwealth by the attorney general by au ad dress of singular point aud effect after the attorney general had finished his argument the court informed the prisoner that he had the right which he might exercise or not as he pleased to make such rem irks to the jury as he saw fit the prisoner rose and for some time addressed the jury in his own behalf â€” an elaborate clear and comprehensive charge was given by the chief justice after conversa tion with the other members of the courl who sat with him at the rial the jury retiied lo iheir room and after an absence of three hours late on saturday even ing returned into court with a verdict of guilty the next monday morning lhe prisoner was again brought into court and received from the chief justice the sentence of the law which doomed him lo suffer death by hanging at such time as ihe execuiive of the commonwealth should appoint in a few days a copy of the record of his conviction was transmitted lo the governor and council by the sheriff of the counly of suffolk according to the direction ofthe statute on he 24th of april the prisoner sent by j lhe band of his friend to the governor and j council a petition for pardon under his own band on the ground of his entire innocence of the crime of which he had been convicted and , for which he was under sentence of death â€” j all proceedings on this petition before the ex '* eeutive were suspended in consequence of hav ing received notice from the counsel ofthe pri j soner that they were about to make applica tion to the supreme court for writ of error to â– be issued in his case on account of certain al â€¢ leged irregularities which bad been discover | ed in the course of the proceedings against him ' the application was heard before the full court 1 and overruled in lhe opinion of lhe court upon that applica i tion pronounced by the chief justice all the \ proceedings in the case are declared lo be ac ceding to established judicial forms and the laws ofthe commonwealth on the â€” day o and before the ques j lion on the writ of error had been settled by | the court the rev dr putnam forthe prison j er asked to be permitted to withdraw the pe | lition which had been presented ip the gover nor and council for further consideration this request was complied with by the gover ; nor and council and the petition in a day or two was handed to dr putnam ou the first day of july dr putnam placed ; in the hands of lhe governor another petition signed by the prisoner asking for a commula lion of his sentence on the second day of july this petition was ! referred to lhe commiitee on pardons and on the same day dr putnam appeared before them and made a statement which he said was au â– ihorized by the prisoner in which the prisoner i admitted that he killed parkman at the time : and place charged against him but denied that j the act was premeditated he narrated what j the prisoner declared lo be the mailer of kill ! ing and described minutely the mode and pro cess in which the body ol dr parkman was disposed of after death the prisoner alleges lhat the " single blow ' with a stick of wood iwo leet long and two in â€¢ ches thick " by which dr parkman was killed j was given by him in a moment when " he was excited to the highest degree of passion and i while dr parkman was speaking and gestic i ulating in lhe most violent and menacing man i ner thrusting the lelter and his fist in his face that in his fury he seized whatever thing was | handiest and that was a slick of wood and dealt to him an iustantanious blow with all lhe force lhat passion could give and that he did not know nor think nor care where he should hit him nor how hard nor what the effect i would be upon ihis statement and upon the other facts j proved upon the trial dr putnam addressed the commiitee at length in an able and im pressive argument in favor of commuting the sentence ot the courl a petition from the family ofthe prisoner was before the commit tee and a large number of other petitions some for a full pardon and others for a commu | tation were in lhe hands of the commiitee â€” j most of these petitions were from people men | and women in other slates and generally j placed their petition for a remission or miliga j lion of the sentence on the grounds of the j doubts of lhe prisoner's guilt the committee j gave three hearings after the meeting at which j dr putnam addressed ihem and listened to | those who desired lo be heard in aid ol the pris j oner's petition and in support of dr putnam's 1 views the committee on pardons consisting ofi the lieut governor and four councillors after j a full careful and patient hearing of all that ! could be offered by lhe friends of lhe prisoner and by others who were pleased to be heard in his behalf came lo the unanimous opinion i thai there were no sufficient reasons to justify . them in recommending tbe interposition of ex eeutive clemency they recommended lhat the governor be \ advised to have the sentence of the law as ; as pronounced by the court carried into effect on the 30th day of august next the council with but one exception con curred with the report of the commiitee and advised the governor lo carry out the sentence ofthe court as recommended by them in carefully and anxiously examining and considering the case i do not feel authorized by any considerations which have been presented to my mind to set aside the deliberate verdict of the jury arrest the solemn decree of he law as pronounced by lhe highest judicial tribunal of the commonwealth and disregard the opin ion and advice of lhe council if the circum stances ofthe killing as stated by the prisoner are taken to be true it may well be questioned whether the executive council could interfere with lhe sentence without violating the settled law ofthe land lu his charge to the jury in this case the chief justice says : " it is a set tied rule that no provocation with words only icill justify a mortal blow then if upon pro raking language the parti intentionally revenge himself with a mortal blow il is unepiestionably murder the only new fact brought to light as to the killing depends upon the word of the prisoner : ll will hardly be pretended by any one thai the declaration ofa person under sentence of death should be permitled lo outweigh the doings ol the courl and jury and rescue him from the consequences which are to follow their proceed ings it is candidly slated by dr putnam in his able argument and by several of the peti tions presented in favor of commutation re ceived since his confession that standing as he does lhe word of the prisoner is entitled lo ; no credit . if ihe circumstances disclosed on the trial are j relied on to support his statement lhe reply is | that those circumstances were urged in his fa j vor before the jury and they have decided a i gainst him the facts of this appalling case j are before the world ; they will hereafter fill one of the gloomiest pages in the record cf crime amongst civilized men it is undisputed lhat on tbe 23d day of no vember 1319 john white webster a pro i lessor in havard university and in lhe medi cal coilege in boston did at mid-day in his room in that college within a few feet of the place wheie he daily stood and delivered scien tific lectures to a large class of young men with unlawful violence take the life of dr j george parkman a respectable citizen of bos ton who had come to lhat room at the repeated j requests of the said webster ; and that after taking his life he eviscerated and in a manner most shocking lo humanity mutilated lhe body of his victim burning parts of it in a furnace and depositing other parts of it in different pla ces in the building where ihey were found by persons who were seeking alter dr parkman and after killing him be robbed his lifeless j creditor by taking tron#him two no'es of hand j signed by himself to which he had no righl j and committed still another crime by making false marks upon those notes ; and that a jury i of his country empannelled according to law , under the direction of four of the five eminent judges constituting the supreme court of mass achusetts after a fong patient and impartial trial and after hearing in his defence the argu meute of learned and eloquent counsel upon iheir oaths found him guilty of murder upon lhat verdict the court pronounced the \ awful sentence of death in such a case ihere ' should be obvious and conclusive reasons to authorize the pardoning power to interpose and arrest the sword ol justice i do nol see these reasons the combined circumstances of lhe t case force tne to the conclusion ihat lhe safety of the community the inviolability of law and the principle of impartial justice demand exe ' cution of the sentence i hope it is not necessary for me to say that it would have given me unspeakable pleasure to come to a different result and that i would , do anything on earth iu my power short of vi ' olating duty lo alleviate the sufferings of a crushed and broken-hearted family geo n.briggs councsl chamber 19th july 1330 the report was accepted with only one vote ' in the negative â€” hon b f copelaud rox ' bury from the charleston courier to the editor ofthe christian enquirer n york reverend sir â€” african slavery has been a benefaction to the world and has forced it ; forward in art and science centuries in the last fifty years the steam engine and the j power loom and the rail road and the magnet ic telegraph â€” those monuments of the crea j tive genius and skill of man â€” what called them into existence they were not the result merely of the progressive spirit â€” they were not produced by abstract impulses of the mind â€” there was a deeper cause than that some , thing tangible which itself created the spirit of invention i will lell you what it was â€” one of the pro i ducts of slave labor cotton ! it kindled the promeihean fire in whitney and through a j long line has been blazing brighter and bright er subduing earth air water and at length i chaining the very lightning of heaven aud ma king it minister to man's necessities is not this so you may deny il ; you hate to con j cede anything to the culprit institution but there stand the facts and it is as easy to trace the effect to the cause as to refer the riven tree to the bolt from heaven i will say nothing of the rice and sugar and hemp and coffee and : lhe various other productions of slave labor ! valuable as they are and ministering as they do ! to the wealth and comfort of the world throw them aside from the estimate and i assert that j lhe slave-raised cotton alone has exercised a i greater and more salutary influence on the | world than any one or one dozen other causes you can name it has revolutionized commerce and manu factures created navies built cities and af fords daily sustenance to millions of the human family the revenue of nations and the pit lance of the humble spinner the price ol stocks and the price of bread ail measurably depend ' on cotton blot new england from existence with the admitted intelligence industry skill and wealth of its people with its hundred cities and thou sand factories and how long would the world feel lhe loss ten years ' twenty years ? perhaps so but stop the proeluction of cotton and the whole world must stand still and who can tell how long ! this is not hyperbole submit it to the lest of reason and it will be sustained by its most sober deductions don't tell me that the world would find a substitute for cotton i know that the world must find a substitute or perish ; bul when would it find it has not old englanel been growling for twenty years at ber dependence on foreigners for lhat which is vital to her ex istence ! has she not exerted her wealth and power and skill lo emancipate hersell by find ing a substitute or growing her own cotton ? â€” but she has failed in all her tfforts and is now more securely harnessed than ever has not new englanel been preaching for a like period about the sin of lhe culprit in stitution bul still using the products and growing rich on them and if you could have found a substitute would you nol have sunk the south and her institution in perdition tbe world then is indebted to african slavery and like a senseless ingrate now seeks to destroy its benefactor lt may suc ceed but if it does it will inflict the most de plorable self-punishment i have but a few more remarks to make and they shall be on the duty the south owes to herself in the present emergency i shall be brief for it does not admit of much argument the day for that bas past ; lhe souih must act promptly firmly and unitedly and she may yet stay the torrent that threatens to overwhelm the land the south has been faithful to the constitu tion and has never sought to evade any obli gation imposed by it under it as adopted by our forefathers she would have been content to live but that has not been permitled : and under lhe aggressive attacks of the noith and by their votes she submitted to a curtailment i of her constitutional rights in lhe " missouri compromise it was a fatal mistake i for i when did concession ever stop aggressiom ? â€” nevertheless to lhat also she has been faith ful and because she has been you again ad vance and seek lo deprive her of her just share in the arquuitiuns for which her best blooel has been freely spilled â€” to hem her in cribbed and confined lo a circumscribed limit while you range free and exulting from the atlantic lo the pacific to this insulting demand there should be but one response and i trusl the convention about to assemble at nashville will unanimously counsel lhe south lo make it a firm and uncompromising no ! and meet lhe issue â€” your obedient t charleston may 2'2 1 wo a 1 make the charge know better iu nearly all ot the southern states the basis ol representation is while population ate they all free soldiers ? no ofa truth some of those who pretend tu be most uneasy lest a change of ihe basis should squint at abolitionism and thus give aid and comfort lo our common enemy had better look well to their own couise on the subject of southern rights and see it they have not been nearer committing treason against their own section than the western people are when they insist upon a change in the basis no â€” it is all gammon â€” nobody believes that a change of the basis would affect in any way lhe question of slavery ll is only a lame excuse tor per petuating a gross wrong â€” for continuing upon the western people the degrading manacles which now feller them we can lell col reid one thing that he is probably nol aware of â€” the western people don't want â€” they iron hare free sufrage,without equal suffrage mark t tie words when it is tested whether they will not indignantly spurn this shadow oi a right â€” this tinkling brass unless they gel along with that which is worth something â€” lhat which has some substance connected wiih it â€” a change of the basis the day is coming when ihis right will be granted â€” such rank injustice stinks in the nos trils of all good men and is offensive io hear en time will effect ibis change â€” it must do it in the very nature of things nothing short of this will satisfy the people their will is omnipotent and must prevail the folly of pride the very willy and sarcastic li tv sidney smith for many years one of the contributors lo the great english reviews thus discourseth on the lolly ol pride in such a creature as man : , " after all take some quiet sober moment of life and add together the two ideas ol pride and of man ; behold him creature of a span bigb stalking through infinite space in all the gran deur of littleness pearcbed on a speck of the universe every wind of heaven stiikes into bis blood lhe coldness of death his soul floats fiom his body like melody from the siring j day and night as dust ou the wheel he is rolled a long the heavens through a labyrinth of worlds and all beneath the creation of god tire tl iming above and beneath is this a creature to make himsell a crown of glory ; lo deny his own flesh lo mock at his fellow sprung from lhat dust to which both will soon return ' does he not snffii ? does he not die ' when he reasons is he never stopped by difficulties ' â€” when he acts is he free from pain ' when he dies can he escape the common grave ? â€” pride is noi the heritage of man ; humility . should dwell wiih frailly and alone lor ignor ance error and imperfection destructive and fatal accident on lhe line railroad a most frightful accident occurred on the new york and erie railroad about one o'clock yesterday which resulted in a great destruction of properly ami loss of life the freight train from oswego for pierriepoint was precipitated in the del aware river in consequence ofthe falling of the iron bridge about three miles from lackawaxen there were seventeen cars containing 130 beef cattle 50fl sheep and 200 hog all intended for the market of this city the locomotive passed safe ly over the bridge but lhe immense weight of the train cars was more than the strength of the bridge could bear and the whole was thrown into the river below â€” a distance of 70 feet â€” killing nearly till the stock and five men who were on lhe cars besides seriously injuring lhe con ductor and brakeman the engineer and fireman as soon as they saw the bridge giving way jumped from the loco motive which was slopped in conse quence of the water tank becoming de tached and one of the steam pipes break ing the conductor and breaktnan were brought to porte jcrvis last night where they remain in a very critical condition the whole damage including the destruc tion of the bridge is estimated at 8 0j0 n v il i aid accitleul on the hudson rioer railroad while about mi i way between pishkill and cold spring the trail of wednea lay night rati over a man named dennis cre gan one ofthe bands employed on section no 11 as a flag man as soon as tin accident was known the train put bad when the man was loin i he was still alive but past all assistance the cow catcher had struck him on the lower part of the right leg and on tbe chin nearly severin the leg ami mangling his face and chin in a frightful maimer lie died in a few minutes after â€” a 1 . herald superior courts the judges of the superior courts will ride lhe ensuing fall circuits in the fol lowing order viz : 1 edenton judge caldwell 2 newbern '" ' 3 raleigh m bniley 4 hillsborough " w inly 5 wilmington battle 6 sali>bttry " settle 7 morganton " 1 j h thai folia .:. love grub hm 'â– 'â– ' â€¢'â€¢Â»â–