Blood samples:
Blood samples are collected by venepuncture using Vacutainer blood collection tubes. Participants are seated in a semi-upright position (different positioning should be recorded). Two 10 mL tubes of blood are collected: one for plasma and buffy coat and the other for serum. Serum, plasma, buffy coat, and red blood cells are then aliquoted into 0.5 mL screw-capped, barcoded Cryo Vials and stored at −80 °C.

Urine samples:
Spot urine samples are collected in clean, dry plastic containers for urine collection (50 mL capacity, with a barcode label). The samples are refrigerated until they are aliquoted into 1 mL tubes and then stored at −80 °C.