abomasal

abomasal

pertaining to, affecting or originating from the abomasum.

abomasal anterior displacement

syndrome in cattle in which the abomasum is displaced anteriorly to a position between the reticulum and the diaphragm; characterized clinically by anorexia, ketonuria, and absence of abomasal sounds in the right or left flanks as in right or left displacement.

abomasal atony

lack of tone of abomasal wall, thought to be basic cause of displacements and torsion. Possibly due to prolonged feeding on finely ground concentrates.

abomasal bloat

distention of abomasum with gas produced by fermentation of milk in abomasum of young ruminants, especially artificially reared lambs fed large volumes of warm milk infrequently. See Sarcina-like organisms.

the cranial blind end of the abomasum, lying over the xiphoid process of the sternum and to the right of the reticulum.

abomasal gastrocentesis

cannulation of a distended abomasum, usually through the right flank, to allow evacuation of the distending gas. The technique may be used for diagnostic reasons, but is more commonly used therapeutically to gain temporary relief for the animal before surgery is undertaken.

abomasal groove

the third and last part of the gastric groove of ruminants that occupies the lesser curvature of the abomasum and which is free from mucosal folds. See also gastric groove.

abomasal impaction

a disease of beef cows with large energy requirements, e.g. during very cold weather or when fed poor quality roughage with low energy content and poor digestibility. The abomasum impacts with dry roughage and the abdomen distends on the right; clinical signs are scant feces and emaciation.

left abomasal displacement

chronic disease of recently calved cows characterized by a distended abomasum trapped under the rumen, detectable on the left side, anorexia, acetonemia and abdominal gauntness.

Auscultation areas in left abomasal displacement in a cow. By permission from Smith BP, Large Animal Internal Medicine, Mosby, 2001

abomasal perforation

may be perforation by erosion through a pre-existing ulcer, or by rupture along the greater curvature due to dilatation. Perforation results in acute or peracute peritonitis; rupture is followed by sudden death. See also abomasal ulcer (below).

the reflux of fluid from the abomasum into the rumen. When flow to the intestine is obstructed, the abdomen distends, serious changes in acid-base balance occur, and there may be regurgitation of fluid from nostrils. See also intestinal obstruction, pyloric obstruction.

right abomasal displacement

a disease of recently calved cows characterized by lack of feed intake, persistent acetonemia, distention in the right abdomen and fluid sounds in right flank. May terminate as abomasal torsion.

abomasal rupture

see abomasal perforation (above).

abomasal torsion

a disease of sudden onset in dairy cows, often following a subacute illness due to abomasal dilatation. There is shock, acute abdominal pain, distention of the right abdomen with sounds of fluid present, blood-stained feces and a fatal outcome in 24-48 hours.

many calves have clinically silent ulcers during the period of change from a milk diet to one of fiber. In adult animals the ulcer may be hemorrhagic, with a sudden onset of subacute abdominal pain with alimentary tract stasis and heavily blood-tinged feces, or perforating. See abomasal perforation (above).

abomasal volvulus

the same condition as abomasal torsion (see above) and probably the more accurate name.

In previous studies, researchers set their ruminal and abomasal infusion rates of starch and glucose at 1,500 g/d based on a milk yield up to 40 kg/d, and in our research, we focused on cows yielded about 20 kg/d, so we decreased starch quantity and infused starch at concentration of 800 g/d.

The abomasum was cut open, 100 to 200 g abomasal contents were collected and put into liquid nitrogen, then emptied of its contents, rinsed with ice-cold isotonic saline, gently blotted with filter paper, defatted, weighed and spread out onto a glass plate lying on ice.

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