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Monitoring rural and small towns water supply in Thailand: A focus on water quality

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WASH Monitoring Symposium Addis Ababa , Ethiopia, April 2013 Monitoring Rural and Small Towns WaterSupply in Thailand: A Focus on Water Quality Suree Wongpiyachon Director, Bureau of Food and Water Sanitation Department Of Health Ministry of Public Health Thailand

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Water Supply in Thailand: A short historyThailand has been developing its water supply for over 100 years:1897-1926: King Rama V assigned Metropolitan to provide a waterworks in Bangkok1927-1956: Health Management Model, Rural Health Promotion and Survey and Ground Water Development1957-1986: Local Health Development Project began, Comprehensive Rural Health Project, water supply program for rural areas throughout the Kingdom, Metropolitan Waterworks Authority, Provincial Waterworks Authority state enterprises were established1982 to 1991: The Decade of Clean Water Supply and Sanitation to Rural areas in Thailand1987-2000: Extension of rural waterworks systems to cover 70% percentage of all villages2003: Rural Water Supply Division, DOH restructured and transferred to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment2003-Present: Bureau of Food and Water Sanitation in Department of Health is responsible for Drinking Water Quality (Survillance and Monitoring )

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Royal Thai Government Safe Water Supply Ministry Of Ministry of Public Policy – Goal: Health Natural Safe drinking water coverage the whole year round of all Resource And households. Department of Environment Health Bureau of Food and Water SanitationDrinking Water Quality Development Section1. Surveillance on Drinking Water Quality2. Research and Development Quality and Technology Management of Drinking Water3. Certification of Safe Drinking Water for Tap Water Supplies4. Technology Transfer and Human Resource Developmentfor households, public places, hospitals, schools, child care, health center,drinking water distributors, emergency incidence and vulnerable areas

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Cause of Water Quality Problems1. Minerals or heavy metals are naturally present in groundwater.2. Contamination of Bacteria and impurities3. Hygienic behavior especially no hand-washing, cleanliness of water container ,tank, jar , vessels for drinking

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Safe Drinking Water Promotion Project 1: Certification Process Six qualifications before approval 1. Water sample collection at 6 areas public place, school, temple, market, households) 2. Number of water samples 3. Frequency of water sampling 4. Quality test 5. Result of quality test 6. Certified period Four qualifications after approval 1. Water sample collection at the connection point of pipeline system 2. Water sample collection at the end point of pipeline system 3. Result of quality test 4. Random checking result documents from Item 3. If any water quality is found under Drinking Water

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Safe Drinking Water Promotion Project 2: Development of Network Potential for Surveillance of Safe drinking Water in Community and HouseholdsNetwork • Water Supply System Operators • Volunteers Process: 1. Source of Drinking Water Survey in Community and Household 2. Sampling and analyze for water quality 3. Evaluation with The DOH’s Tap Water Quality Standard 4. Training (of network, water Supply System operators, volunteers)

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Training Details  Importance of safe water and health effect  Hygiene and Sanitation  Using Test kit  Role of network on pioneer and counseling  Practice on test kit  Network meeting and planning to safe water in community  One and three months later : follow up and monitoring of: water supply, test kit and role of volunteers

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Structure Community ParticipationGovernment Natural Resource Rain Water Shallow-well water Village Water works Bottled System Water Volunteer Village Villager worker Household Community For Community Test kit

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VisionBy 2012, with the effective cooperation of all related agencies, all Thais peoplewill get access to safe and adequate consumption water, basic hygiene, and goodsanitation.Mission Statement1. Promote all Thais to get access to safe and adequate consumption water.2. Support the works on basic hygiene and good sanitation.3. Encourage people participation in form of networking.4. Create knowledge base in order to disseminate correct information on water, hygiene, and sanitationTarget1. Thais get access to safe and adequate consumption water. Urban area – 100% of households get access to tap water Rural area – Access to tap water for villages which already have waterworks system and safe water from water sources for the rest.2. Thais have good hygienic practice.

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Millennium DevelopmentGoalsMDGs : Reduce percentage of population with no access to safe water source and hygienic toilet to half by 2015.MDG Plus : Thailand has set a more ambitious goal in improving percentage of population with access to safe drinking water.