The authors thank Dr Zhonghai Zhang from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (Kaust) for the photocatalytic tests, and Qingxiao Wang and Yang Yang from Kaust core facilities laboratory for their help with TEM and Raman measurements, respectively. This work was supported by the faculty distribution fund of Kaust.

The authors thank Dr Zhonghai Zhang from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (Kaust) for the photocatalytic tests, and Qingxiao Wang and Yang Yang from Kaust core facilities laboratory for their help with TEM and Raman measurements, respectively. This work was supported by the faculty distribution fund of Kaust.