Ketosis-prone Diabetes Mellitus Tips

POST GRADS IN DIETETICS AND APPLIED NUTRITION, B.SC (H) IN FOOD AND NUTRITION

Dietitian/Nutritionist, Secunderabad

5 reasons to try ketosis for weight loss

Ketosis is basically a diet plan wherein the brain and body get energy through ketones in place of glucose. Ketosis is extremely beneficial in maintaining blood sugar levels and providing consistent energy to the body.

5 detailed reasons to go for ketosis for losing weight:

1) it takes away fat from your abdominal cavity - generally, we have two types of fat in our body, subcutaneous fat and visceral fat. The latter is present in the abdominal cavity and can lead to insulin resistance and inflammation. Ketosis predominantly reduces fat from this area and helps protect the body against many such troublesome conditions including type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

2) it reduces your appetite - the major drawback of all sorts of diets is that you feel extremely hungry and eventually give up on your strict diet schedule. Ketosis includes consumption of low-carb foods which have the ability to bring down your appetite by a considerable amount, thus making you consume fewer calories.

3) it brings down the level of fat molecules - triglycerides are known as the fat molecules of the body and consumption of carbohydrates is the major driver behind these molecules. Therefore, a low-carb diet effectively reduces the level of triglycerides and thus helps protect your body against various heart ailments.

4) it keeps your blood pressure under check - high blood pressure can lead to certain serious conditions such as kidney failure and stroke. Reduced consumption of carbohydrates brings down your blood pressure to an adequate level, thus keeping you safe from all these ailments.

5) it improves ldl cholesterol pattern - ldl is known as bad cholesterol and people with high levels of ldl are more prone to heart ailments as compared to those with lower levels of ldl. Ketosis diet increases the size of ldl particles, thus reducing their number and making them benign in nature.

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Diabetesmellitus is not a single disease entity, but includees a variety of metabolic dissorders associated with relative deficiency of insulin action an increase of blood glucose in many cases there is tendency to ketoacidosis, the most important immediate danger, an increased liablitiy to angiopathy that provides the most serious long term risk.

Aetiology:- knowledge is far from complete, but two factors of imporyance have been recognized; over nutrition some form of hereditsry tendency. The importance of over nutritiion is shown by the fact the over the age of 40 some 80% of patients developing diabrtrs are, or have been, considerably obese. It is of interest that the food rationing of both world wars was associated with a temporary fall in the incidence of diabetes.

* new classification use type 1, 2 diabetes
* type 1 diabetes mallitus it is immune mediated in 90% idiopathic in less than 10%. In is also called juvenile onset diabetes mellitus as it affects 11 to 14 yrs. Old children.

The insulin production in hampered so they require exogenous insulin.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus the tissues where insulin acts become insensitive.

Carbohydrate metabolism: due to decreased oxidation of glucose in the tissues, the level of blood glucose is increased markedly, leading to glycosuria. the quantily of glucose present in urine may very from 0.5 to 6% depending on the severity of the disease. the volume of urine is increased (polyuria).

Fat metabolism: since, glucose is not utilised, there is increased breakdown of fats to acetate and ketone bodies (acetoacetic acid, acetone and β-hydroxybutyric acid. the keto acidosis which develops may lead to dehydration and coma in severe diabetes. the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels are high.

Protein metabolism: since carbohydrates are not utilised for the production of energy, there is increased breakdown of tissue proteins and increased oxidation of dietary proteins for use as energy. hence, there is an increased in nitrogen excetion leading to negative nitrogen balance wasting of muscles is a common symptom in chronic diabetes. hence, diabetics need more proteins (about 2g/kg body weight) rgan normal subjects. the protein allowances should be corresponsingly higher (50% higher) for daibetic children and expectant and nursing mothers. further, increased protein intake may hepl to increase insulin production.

Clinical types of diabetes:

the classification of diabetes from the clinical point of view is as follows :

juvenile daibetes

adult diabetes

juvenile daibetes: this includes all daibetics below the age of 20 years. the disease is primarily due to deficiency of insulin. the subjects are generally undernourished and ematiated. they require a high calories, high protein diet and insulin for maintaining the blood sugar level within normal limits.

adult diabetes: (maturity onset diabetes) a majority of them are pbese subjects. the treatment will consist of a reducing diet rich in proteins and carbohydrates along with oral anti-diabetic drugs to maintain the blood glucose within normal limits. these subjects require less insulin than juvenile diabeyes.

diet: only weighed quantitis of food should be consumed according to the diet schedule prescribed by the physician. the most important consideration should be given to:

calories needs

the proportion of calories from carbohydrate, fats and protein.

calorie requirements: the calorie requirements should be about 5% less than the actual requirements for the patient’s height and ideal body weight.

THE PROPORTION OF PROTEIN, FAT AND CARBOHYDRATE IN THE DIET:

the proportion of calories derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the diet will depend on the type of diabetes as indicted below in table:

type of diabetes

carbohydrates

fats calories (%)

proteins

juvenile diabetes

40

40

20

adult obese diabetics

60

20

20

adult diabetics with normal body weight

40

40

20

proteins: since, diabetics in general are in negative nitrogen balance, they should receive about twice as much proteins as normal subjects. the proteins should be of high biological value and provide about 20 to 25% of the calories in the diet.

fluid: a liberal intake is desirable.

carbohydrates: the daily intake of carbohydrates should provide about 40% of the calories to prevent ketosis. the carbohydrate intake should not exceed 40% of the total calorie intake (except in the case of obese diabetics as indicated in above table) as otherwise it will be difficult to control the blood sugar level.

Diabetes is a metabolic disease in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin or both. Patients with high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period are considered as diabetics.

Do not skip meals and have small and frequent meals 5-6 small meals to prevent hypoglycemia.

Use whole grain cereals, whole grams, and pulses, whole wheat porridge, whole wheat bread, oats etc to incorporate fiber into your diet.
Supplement wheat with the whole channa and do not sieve flour (wheat and channa 5:1 ratio). Mix rice with whole grams or dals in a ratio of 1:1 to incorporate fiber.
Consume at least 4-5 servings of fresh green vegetables and fruits/day.
Take fruits as a dessert. Use lemon as salad dressing
Use olive / sunflower/ rice bran / soy /mustard oil. Change oils in a couple of months.Almonds, walnuts, flax seeds and fish are good sources of antioxidants.
Fresh lime (without sugar), coconut water, soups can be taken liberally.
No fasting to be done to avoid hypoglycemia.
The patient should always carry sweet for use in an emergency when the blood glucose levels go down.
Attainment and maintenance of an appropriate body weight is a must.

Homeopathic treatment helps to improve the general health of a person and regulate the blood sugar levels. It can also help in prevention and treatment of various complications of diabetes as seen on kidney, eyes, sexual function, foot and others. Following are some medicines for diabetes.

Acupuncture is used to reduce blood sugar in persons with diabetes Acupuncturists have identified several points on the body that appear to be effective in lowering blood sugar. A dozen of these points are selected for treatment at one time.

Psychotherapy and Hypnotherapy Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Psychotherapy treatments in diabetes mellitus can lead to improvements in both depressive symptoms and glycaemic control. This treatment includes problem solving training and counseling or interpersonal therapy. Hypnotherapy can help in resolving underlying stress and other negative emotions.

Conventional / Allopathic Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Allopathic medicine such as Glyburide, Metformin, Acarbose, Troglitazone used to treat Type 2 diabetes. These drugs may improve blood-sugar control in people who take them. If these drugs does not work then insulin inject is used.

Surgical Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

There is no surgical Treatment for Type II diabetes. Type I diabetes has only one surgical treatment known as pancreatic transplantation. A pancreas transplant is a surgical procedure to place a healthy pancreas from a donor into a person whose pancreas no longer functions properly.

Yoga Asanas are very useful for Diabetes such as Bhujang Asana, Shalabh Asana, Dhanur Asana
Some exercise like cycling, swimming, jogging etc.

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

Diabetes mellitus is commonly known as diabetes. It is a situation in which the body does not produce enough insulin. This can form an increased concentration of glucose in the blood. There are three type of Diabetes: – Type 1, Type 2 and Gestational Diabetes.

Are you suffering from diabetes and are looking for ideal at home management remedies? Diabetes is a health condition, which occurs when the blood sugar level of the body rises. There are several ways following which you will be successfully able to manage your diabetes. They are as follows:

Exercise regularly and track your workout patterns. Exercise is the most important lifestyle choice for a diabetic patient, which allows you to maintain a good shape. It boosts your body's metabolism rate and insulin uptake process. By taking notes on your exercising habits, you will be able to make timely and required changes.

Stop consuming fast food. Try to abstain from eating outside food and reduce your intake of sugar, salt and high calorie food. Meal should be prepared at home using light ingredients and less amount of salt and sugar.

Quit smoking as it is very harmful, especially if you are a diabetic.Smoking narrows your blood vessels, as a result of which, your blood circulation gets disrupted.

Increase your fiber intake. Fiber is beneficial for all diabetic patients and helps in smooth functioning of your digestive processes. It also help in reducing your cholesterol and blood sugar levels.

Take care and pay attention to your feet properly. You should wash your feet in lukewarm water regularly and dry them gently. You should moisturize your feet with a lotion. Check on your feet for cuts, sores, redness, swelling and blisters and consult a doctor in case of an unusual foot sore.

Get your eyes checked frequently as diabetes affects your vision in serious ways, which may also lead to blindness. Regular eye checkups will help you to prevent retinopathy.

Take proper care of your teeth which includes brushing and flossing at least two times every day. This is because diabetes makes you prone to several serious gum infections. Go for regular dental checkups if you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes and in case you observe swollen, red gums, consult your doctor immediately.

Avoid stress and adapt ways to eliminate stress. Your body hormones, which are produced in relation to intense stress, prevent insulin from working efficiently, which increases your blood sugar levels and stress levels further. Relaxation techniques are effective for dealing with stress.

Opt for several small meals instead of a few large meals every day. This helps in keeping your digestive processes active, which in turn increase insulin sensitivity.

Diabetes is a systemic disease that affects almost every part of your body. Of these, the digestive system is the most badly affected. While gastrointestinal disorders are commonly experienced by everyone, diabetics have a much higher risk of suffering from indigestion, food poisoning, gallstones and ulcers. Some of the most common gastrointestinal problems experienced by diabetics are:

Gastroparesis: High blood sugar levels can damage the vagus nerve that controls the emptying of the stomach. As a result fo this damage, the muscles of the stomach and intestines do not work optimally leading to a condition known as Gastroparesis. This is a condition where the stomach is not able to empty itself properly and the digestion process is slowed down. Gastroparesis can cause bloating, nausea, pain in the abdomen, heart burn and a loss of appetite. It can also cause undigested food in the stomach to harden and form lumps that block food from moving into the intestines. This disease cannot be cured but can be managed with medication and a special diet.

Ulcers: Stomach ulcers can be described as open sores that develop on the inner lining of the stomach, oesophagus and beginning of the small intestine. These ulcers form as a result of bacterial infections. Diabetes weakens a person’s immune system thus reducing their ability to fight these infections and increasing the risk of developing ulcers. Diabetes also increases the risk of bleeding from these ulcers and secondary infections that may arise from it.

Yeast infections: Diabetics are extremely vulnerable to yeast infections. This is aggravated by fluctuation in blood sugar levels and can extend from the mouth to the oesophagus. Common symptoms of this type of yeast infection are pain in the throat and difficulty swallowing. It may also cause heartburn and intestinal bleeding if left untreated.

Celiac sprue: This condition creates gluten allergies and causes the inflammation and thinning of the small intestine’s mucosa. In some cases, this condition may interfere with the absorption of food and lead to diarrhoea and weight loss.

Diabetic diarrhoea: Patients who have been suffering from diabetes for a few years may experience an increased urge to pass stools frequently. This is usually related to gastric problems in the colon which cause fluids to move at a faster than normal speed through the small bowel and colon. It may also be caused due to the secretion of fluids in the colon and improper absorption of food. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult a doctor.

Diabetes Mellitus :
Diabetes is a metabolic disease or a condition in which the glucose levels in the blood will be high over a prolonged period
of time. In other words, it can be defined as a condition that occurs when the body cannot efficiently make use
of glucose that serves as a source of energy for body cells. Blood sugar levels are controlled by a hormone called insulin
.

Causes of Diabetes-
Diabetes is either caused due to the insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas or it may occur if the cells
of the body are not effectively responding to the insulin produced.

Types of Diabetes-
Diabetes is categorized into the following types based on the reason for their cause:

Diabetes Mellitus-
It is the inability of the body to effectively use or respond to the insulin produced by the body and as a result,
blood sugar levels cannot be regulated effectively. Diabetes mellitus is further classified into two types, namely:

Type 1 Diabetes-
It is also known as Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. It occurs when the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin.
The consequent lack of insulin causes an increase in glucose level in urine and blood.

Type 2 Diabetes-
It is also called Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. The prime reason for the occurrence of type 2 diabetes is due to obesity and
lack of exercise in people who are genetically biased.

Diabetes Insipidus-
When the body is unable to respond or produce the Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is secreted by the hypothalamus,
Diabetes Insipidus occurs. This hormone helps the kidneys manage the amount of water in the human body.
Without this essential hormone, the kidneys pass an abnormally large volume of urine that is insipid
(meaning: odourless and dilute).

Gestational Diabetes-
This condition occurs in pregnant women who develop high blood sugar level without a previous history.
The condition usually resolves after delivery.

Symptoms of Diabetes-
Signs and Symptoms vary from person to person or even there may be no signs sometimes. First,
let us come up with common symptoms of diabetes.

Men diagnosed with the fertility related issues or infertility are more susceptible to type 2 diabetes according to recently published study.

The study recommends routine visits of such patients for check-up. The rates of infertility among men are rising due to changing lifestyle, dietary habits, stress and other physiological factors.

The scientists have been studying the associated factors for infertility. Now for the first time scientists have studied the effects of infertility on general ailments.

The scientists from stanford university, school of medicine conducted the study which showed that patients diagnosed with infertility have a greater risk of developing other conditions such as ischemic heart disease, type 2 diabetes compared to fertile men.

The scientists conducted retrospective study in which they assessed the medical records of over 1, 15, 000 men filed between 2001 and 2009.

The scientists scrutinized the men's medical visits before and after fertility testing to determine what health complications they developed in the years after fertility evaluations. They compared general health conditions of men with infertility diagnoses to men without the diagnoses and to men who underwent vasectomy. The results of the study showed that the infertile men had higher rates of most diseases the researchers had shortlisted.

The scientists found that the infertile men had higher rates of diabetes even when the results were adjusted for the obesity. They found similar results for ischemic heart diseases.

The scientists have wished to expand their research to check physiological relationships between these conditions. Meanwhile, scientists have recommended that infertile men should regularly undergo health check-ups in order to prevent of onset of these conditions.