A summary of an article on the education of working class girls in the nineteenth century

Tolstoy became upset with the format of education in Russia and Europe during the mid 19th century as he saw that it was not organic enough and non-conducive to learning.

This belief mixed with sympathy for the peasant class of Russia provided Tolstoy the inspiration to form his own school in Yasnaya Polyana.

Existing careers were limited in and becoming a governess was the only means of earning a living for women of gentle birth. New educational ideologies and practices were incorporated into schools as new schools were established to provided education to the masses while others were created specifically for groups like proletariats or peasants.

The answer would ultimately be tied into a goal or mission of the state.

The North London Collegiate gained an endowment from the reorganisation. Although a larger variety of topics are covered in her work, Sheila Fitzpatrick centers her writing on education as a means of social mobility in the newly created socialist society.

Alston takes a chronological approach to depict the relationship between education and the state beginning in the 18th century through It should be supplemented by the following: Education for the Proletariat: Companion to Russian studies. Houghton Mifflin Company, These failures resulted in a relapse in curriculum from social behavior education to traditional history, economics, and political theory.

The growth of education brought about two forces that would challenge imperialism: Nikita Khrushchev With the changing of leadership in the Soviet Union would come changes, some transitions would bring more change than others.

Each of the Dutch researchers wrote small biographies that can be found below. Vladimir Lenin along with Anatolii Lunacharskii defined the mission for all educational institutions as to raise a new group of human beings superior in culture and intelligence.

Education in Russia has always been closely associated with society for example it was an exclusive commodity during Imperial Russia when class barriers were firm but as class barrier were broken down during the Russian Revolution education became available to the masses through the Bolshevik ideal of universal education.

Early 20th century Russia was a period of full of different groups functioning as political actors influencing the nature of the Russian state.

The Changing Soviet School.

The need for obedience reinforced the role of religion in education even as ideals of the enlightenment became increasingly popular in education resulting in unique approach to education.

Both institutions might have remained unique in their own areas had not feminist educators brought two powerful factors into play. Economic, military, and political strains of the Civil War forced the Bolshevik government to approach educational reform from another angle.

This was followed by London in and Oxford in Favored taking students for nature walks to embrace the world. Tsar Alexander I sought to educate his countrymen through a plan to expand public education drafted by Catherine II. To do so he worked to replace educational institutions of non-Russian origin Polish and Catholic with truly Russian educational institutions.

The result was the Endowed Schools Act and the creation of the Endowed Schools Commissioners to reform grammar school endowments. Bryant, Margaret, The Unexpected Revolution: Cornell University Press, Many of the concepts put forth in his works would later emerge in experimental Bolshevik schools during the s.

His use of officials, scholars, and radicals provides a multitude of angles to view this period of change. This too is problematic. Education under Tsarist Russia progressed through several stages growing in sophistication and autonomy. These attitudes included aversion towards bourgeois professors, apathy towards bookwork, and conservative sexual relationships with peers.

He provides valuable insight as he highlights the relationships between peasant, clergy, elite and education. Industrialisation and the entrenching of capitalist values led to a focus upon separate spheres and upon domestic respectability and to a marginalising of the economic role of especially working-class women.

Lipset asserts that Muslims were able to make large advances in culture and education through the socialist ideals introduced through the collapse of Imperial Russia.

Lenin was a major opponent to this school because he did not believe that workers possessed the creativity needed for the creation of a new society. Lower class girls attended the National or British schools along with boys and were destined, if not for the drudgery of a working-class marriage, then for factory work or the vast army of domestic service.

These efforts for greater autonomy and legitimacy would become engrained values in educators that would remain through the Russian Revolution.

Education became a necessity for the proletariat as the need for an educated proletariat was announced by the state.N2 - This highly original study examines the lives and education of working-class women in nineteenth-century England.

Focusing on adult education, the author shows that women's participation cannot be fully understood by concentrating upon the educational field alone. Through their novels, letters, essays, articles, pamphlets, and speeches these and other nineteenth-century women portrayed the often conflicting expectations imposed on them by society.

These women, along with others, expressed sentiments of countless women who were unable to speak, and brought attention and support to their concerns. The "Cult of Domesticity, " first named and identified in the early part of the century, was solidly entrenched by late nineteenth century, especially in rural environments.

The beliefs embodied in this ‘Cult’ gave women a central, if outwardly passive, role in the family.

Start studying West. Civ. Chapter Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The social structure of Europe in the nineteenth century during the period of industrialization was altered by the.

Working class women in the early 19th century. Feb 17, · Lower class girls attended the National or British schools along with boys and were destined, if not for the drudgery of a working-class marriage, then for factory work or the vast army of domestic service.

The education girls received before was very similar to that followed by boys, with the probable addition of some sewing and. This paper considers the stated purposes and practices of girls' elementary (working‐class) schooling in the nineteenth century critically to consider the role of schooling in the reproduction of gender roles.