Written Responses to Questions Submitted by France Soir Magazine

November 3, 1984
Description of United States

Q. How would you describe the U.S. to a young Frenchman?

The President. The United States is a nation of great size and many resources, but our richest
resource is our people. They are fiercely independent, and -- like the French -- they cherish their
liberty above all else.

It is a place where the cultures of many nations have blended to produce one culture, that which
we call American. We saw a dramatic example of this during the summer Olympics in Los
Angeles, when athletes from almost every nation in the world were met by host committees from
the Los Angeles area, all of which were composed of people who had come from those countries
and are now Americans.

Q. What is your most vivid memory?

The President. Frankly, I have so many outstanding memories that it would be impossible to select
one as my most vivid. I'd like to answer that question the same way I'd answer one about what I
consider the best day of my life -- tomorrow. The best is always yet to come.

Favorite Childhood Book

Q. What was your favorite book as a young man?

The President. It was called ``Northern Trails.'' I was quite young and impressionable when I read
it, but it began for me a lifelong love of the outdoors. There was a magic world in those pages,
and I was delighted to discover that such a world really does exist.

Value of Money

Q. What does money mean to you?

The President. I grew up in the Great Depression. That was a time when you learned that money
could mean the difference between having or not having the basic necessities of life. Because God
then blessed me with success, I have had the good fortune to also see that money can do more
than provide necessities; it can make mankind's lot easier, afford leisure and recreation, and create
opportunities for reflective and productive work.

Money can be an object of labor, but it serves its purpose best when it is not an object in itself,
but an instrument of creativity, growth, and human progress. It has never had any meaning for me
as an end in itself. Although I had very little money in my youth, I had a great deal of happiness.
Therefore, I have never had to equate money with happiness, and I'll always be grateful to my
parents for the very valuable lessons they taught me -- entirely free of charge.

Physical Activities

Q. What kind of exercise do you get? How often?

The President. Before I became President, I spent a lot of time outdoors cutting brush, riding
horses, and doing other work around my ranch. Now my time and opportunities for these
activities are more limited -- so I try to workout each day with exercise equipment. Horseback
riding is still my favorite form of exercise, and I do it whenever possible.

Abortion

Q. Why are you against abortion? Is there any other choice if population growth becomes
explosive?

The President. I am against abortion because it is the taking of an innocent life. While some argue
that we cannot pinpoint at which moment life actually begins, I am firmly convinced that we must
give the unborn child the benefit of the doubt. In my view, the unborn child has a right to life, and
it is our moral obligation to protect and defend that right.

Too frequently I heard the argument that ``imperfect life is too expensive to maintain and
prolong.'' That worries me, because I believe that any society which concerns itself with the price
of life rather than the intrinsic value of life itself has gone awry.

There are a wide variety of alternatives to abortion for dealing thoughtfully with population
problems. We have only to look at the success of those nations which have enormous populations
but which emphasize market-oriented economic policies to see that human freedom and dignity
can be preserved, along with human life.

Movies

Q. Do you still take an interest in movies? Which two are favorites of yours? What American
actor do you admire most?

The President. Movies are still one of my favorite forms of relaxation. However, I do find myself
preferring the older films to much of what is produced today. Too many contemporary films today
rely on nudity and profanity to attract an audience. I'd rather watch something that depends on
good writing, a good script, and a first-class production. It wouldn't be fair of me to name favorite
movies or actors.

Nancy Reagan

Q. Does Mrs. Reagan enjoy politics?

The President. Nancy has always had an active interest in politics. It's a good thing, because a
large portion of our lives have been devoted to public life. I may be a bit prejudiced, but I think
she is the perfect political wife as well as the perfect wife. She's always busy, and she takes an
active role.

She has taken a keen interest in the problems of our youth, especially in the area of alcohol and
drug abuse. And her work with the Foster Grandparents Program, too, is a special cause which
brings the elderly and young people together.

Nancy has always understood the sacrifices we had to make, the hours apart, but she has always
been at my side when I needed her, and I couldn't have a finer spokeswoman than she is.

President's Childrens' Occupations

Q. What are your children's occupations?

The President. As you know, Patti, who is an actress, has recently married, and she is now
working on a novel. Ron has decided to leave his career in ballet to pursue journalism. Michael is
in business and devotes much of his time to fundraising for charities through speedboat racing.
Maureen is presently helping with my campaign, and she has been and is a successful
businesswoman and radio personality.

All of my children are doing what they want to do, and they are doing it to the best of their ability.
No parent could ask for more, and I am very proud of all of them.

Religion and Politics

Q. Is religion a guide for you?

The President. Yes, religion is a guide for me. To think that anyone could carry out the awesome
responsibilities of this office without asking for God's help through prayer strikes me as absurd.

Q. Are politics and religion related?

The President. I believe that politics and religion are related, because I do not believe you can
function in politics without some sense of morality. It is through our religious beliefs that our
moral tradition in the West is descended. While a legislator or a President may not bring to his
politics the specific tenets of his particular faith, each of us brings a code of morals to bear on our
judgments.

There is much talk in my country now of religion interfering with politics. Actually, it is the other
way around. Politics -- legalization of abortion; attempts to fund abortion with taxpayers' money;
prohibition of voluntary prayer in public schools; weakening of laws against pornography; failure
to enforce civil rights legislation on behalf of helpless, severely ill infants -- has moved across the
barrier between church and state and has invaded the arena of religious beliefs.

Most of Western civilization is based on principles derived from the Judeo-Christian ethic. The
wall of separation between church and state in America was erected by our forefathers to protect
religion from the state, not the other way around.

Presidential Decisionmaking

Q. Do you think about individuals when you make decisions? Or must you think only of
groups?

The President. In this nation, the rights of individuals are paramount. There are times when the
rights of one individual -- particularly when taken into consideration by our Supreme Court -- can
influence the rest of our population. Many decisions which I make, or are made by our legislative
branch, are made on the basis of the good of the majority. Our civil rights laws were drawn up to
protect the rights of individuals, regardless of race, sex, religion, or handicap.

Most Admired President

Q. What American President do you admire most? Why?

The President. I admire many of my predecessors in the Oval Office. However, I believe that
Abraham Lincoln is my favorite. He stood at the helm of this nation during its most trying and
tragic time. He functioned under the most difficult of circumstances, and I believe that he served
with consummate dignity and humility.

Lincoln had a strong belief in the individual taking responsibility for himself. He was truly a ``man
of the people,'' and his love for all his countrymen -- even those who stood across from him in the
lines of battle -- was all encompassing. We share many points of philosophy. Also, he had a
wonderful facility with words and a delightful wit. This nation was well and honorably served by
Abraham Lincoln.

Priorities in Second Term

Q. Why will you be reelected?

The President. I'm superstitious, so I'm not predicting the outcome. If I am reelected, it will be
because Americans do not want a return to the policies of the past. They want to go forward,
marching together as a nation with economic, military, and spiritual strength. They want to
continue the resurgence that has made us a more reliable ally.

Q. What will be your top priorities in foreign affairs in a new term?

The President. My priorities will be to bring about a more constructive relationship between East
and West, to strengthen our ties with our allies and friends around the world, to ensure peace and
promote the growth of human freedom.

Now that the United States is restoring its military and economic strength and its national
self-confidence, the conditions are better than ever for a more stable and mature relationship
between the United States and the Soviet Union. It is time for the Soviets to return to the arms
control negotiating table, because there is much work to be done to reduce the levels of
weaponry, both nuclear and conventional. We are also prepared for a dialog on regional conflicts,
both to avoid confrontations and to help bring about peaceful solutions.

Our relations with the industrial democracies in the Atlantic community and the countries of the
Pacific Basin are the cornerstones of American foreign policy. We face many challenges together,
and we can deal with them most effectively if we work together. There are many steps we allies
can take to strengthen our common security, promote the expansion of the global economy, and
work for world peace. In addition, the United States has many other friends around the world
whose security, independence, well-being, and freedom are important to us.

We know that there are many regions of the world that have not yet shared in the economic
recovery. We must ensure the continued openness and expansion of the world trading system and
resist the protectionist pressures that could jeopardize the recovery. We must encourage sound
economic policies in the developing world that will enable these countries to take better
advantage of the spreading recovery.

Finally, the United States will continue its traditional role as peacemaker wherever the parties in a
local conflict seek our help in promoting negotiated solutions. In Central America, southern
Africa, the Middle East, and other regions, we will continue an active diplomacy for peace.

Monetary Affairs

Q. Why is the dollar so strong? Will it get stronger if you are reelected?

The President. Fundamentally, the dollar is strong because the U.S. economy is strong. We are
now completing the second year of our economic recovery, one of the strongest in our
post-World War II experience. The recovery is being fueled by a vigorous expansion in business
investment. The inflation rate remains low.

International investors appear confident that the policies which achieved these results will be
continued. They have faith in the stability of our political and economic system and in our
hospitality to free, market-determined capital flows. As a result of this confidence, net capital
inflows into the United States have been very strong, with their positive effects on the exchange
rate more than offsetting any negative effects of our current account deficit.

I don't want to get into predictions of the dollar exchange rate. Even the most learned economists
don't do a good job in this kind of crystal-ball gazing, and Presidents shouldn't even try. But I will
say this: In my second term we will ensure the long-term strength and vigor of the U.S. economy
and seek to lead a world economic recovery.

Q. Do you believe a form of gold standard can still have a role to play in the monetary
system?

The President. Early in my administration, I appointed a commission of 17 distinguished men and
women -- economists, public servants, and people in business -- to study the question of the
future role of gold in the monetary system. After careful deliberation, the majority of this
commission, which was chaired by Treasury Secretary Regan, recommended that we should not
return to a fixed gold standard. Some members felt that a gold standard would provide needed
long-term discipline over monetary policies, but the majority view was that restoration of a gold
standard would not be a fruitful way of achieving either domestic or international monetary
stability.

Free Enterprise System

Q. Do you believe free enterprise is the best economic system?

The President. I firmly believe that the free enterprise system has proved itself the most effective
in promoting economic growth and the welfare of the citizens of those countries where it is
practiced. The free enterprise system is inherently linked to a democratic society. Just as people
benefit from a free exchange of ideas in the political marketplace, so do they benefit from the
freedom to ``vote'' by expressing their choices in a free market. A free market system ensures an
efficient allocation of resources in response to the needs and wishes of the population and fosters
creative energies in the productive sector.

U.S.-France Relations

Q. Is France's geographic position important for U.S. defense?

The President. Of course France's geography is important for Western defenses. But we value
France as an ally for many reasons -- our shared values, common adherence to democratic
principles, and our mutual commitments to the prevention of Soviet attainment of military
advantage. French forces in metropolitan France, as well as those in West Germany, play an
important role in the defense of allied Europe. Although not integrated into NATO's military
command structure, French forces can contribute effectively to the overall defense of the West
and thus help deter any war in Europe.

Q. Can France count on the U.S. if it were attacked, even though the U.S. might be at risk?

The President. Frankly, I find the question puzzling. France is America's oldest ally. You fought
by our side in our War of Independence. We fought by yours in this country's two most bloody
world conflicts. We owe each other our very national existence. We are each pledged, through the
North Atlantic Treaty, to treat an attack upon the other as an attack upon ourselves. I assure you
America forgets neither our common history, nor our current commitments.

I know there are those who cast doubt upon the durability of America's commitment to Europe.
Yet on my side of the Atlantic there is no doubt that America's security, its prosperity, and its
freedom are inextricably linked to those of our European partners. Nearly a million American
doughboys arrived in France in World War I with the greeting, ``Lafayette, we are here.'' A
quarter of a million American soldiers, sailors, and airmen are in Europe today, as they have been
for more than 30 years, the visible evidence of our continuing solidarity. Today America still says
to Europe, ``We are here, and we will stay as long as we are needed and wanted.''

Q. How do you see the French when you think about them?

The President. I think of the French Revolution, the Rights of Man, and our common defense of
democratic values for two centuries. Of course, no one who has ever visited France can forget the
beauty of the country or the ingenuity and creativity of its people. But for me, France is, above all,
the wellspring of Western culture and democratic ideas, and our ally, today as in the past, in their
defense.

Significant U.S. Achievements

Q. What is the most significant American achievement of the last 20 years? Of the last 4
years?

The President. Certainly, our most significant achievement over the past 20 years -- and it is one
we share with others -- must be the preservation and promotion of democracy. The solidarity of
the Atlantic alliance has provided Europe the longest period of peace in its modern history, during
which the West has achieved the greatest human health, longevity, and prosperity in mankind's
recorded experience. Other areas of the globe have been less fortunate. Yet everywhere the
market economy system is increasingly seen as the most effective instrument for growth, and
everywhere democracy is the inspiration and aspiration of mankind.

In the past 4 years, we have reinforced these achievements in many ways -- by reinvigorating the
American economy; by restoring America's faith in itself, in its institutions, and in its role in the
world. We have begun, with our allies, to restore Western defenses and have set forward a
comprehensive program for arms control.

Perhaps the most important specific step in this regard was the NATO alliance's implementation
of the decision it took in December 1979 to restore the balance in intermediate-range nuclear
missiles. Facing an unprecedented Soviet campaign of propaganda and intimidation, combined
with a Soviet refusal to negotiate equitable limitations, the alliance stuck together and began the
deployment of cruise and Pershing II missiles on time.

The resolute support of the French Government made an important contribution to Western
solidarity on this crucial issue. As a result, the alliance is, I feel, stronger and more cohesive today
than at any time in its recent history.

Note: As printed above, the questions and answers follow the White House press release.