Part A: Answer all questions in this part. For each statement or question, write on the separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. The speedometer in a car does not measure the car’s velocity because velocity is a

(1) vector quantity and has a direction associated with it(2) vector quantity and does not have a direction associated with it(3) scalar quantity and has a direction associated with it(4) scalar quantity and does not have a direction associated with it

2. A projectile launched at an angle of 45° above the horizontal travels through the air. Compared to the projectile’s theoretical path with no air friction, the actual trajectory of the projectile with air friction is

(1) lower and shorter(2) lower and longer(3) higher and shorter(4) higher and longer

3. Cart A has a mass of 2 kilograms and a speed of 3 meters per second. Cart B has a mass of 3 kilograms and a speed of 2 meters per second. Compared to the inertia and magnitude of momentum of cart A, cart B has

(1) the same inertia and a smaller magnitude of momentum(2) the same inertia and the same magnitude of momentum(3) greater inertia and a smaller magnitude of momentum(4) greater inertia and the same magnitude of momentum

4. Approximately how much time does it take light to travel from the Sun to Earth?

5. A rock falls from rest a vertical distance of 0.72 meter to the surface of a planet in 0.63 second. The magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on the planet is

(1) 1.1 m/sec2(2) 2.3 m/sec2(3) 3.6 m/sec2(4) 9.8 m/sec2

6. Two stones, A and B, are thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff. Stone A has an initial speed of 15 meters per second and stone B has an initial speed of 30. meters per second. Compared to the time it takes stone A to reach the ground, the time it takes stone B to reach the ground is

(1) the same(2) twice as great(3) half as great(4) four times as great

7. The speed of an object undergoing constant acceleration increases from 8.0 meters per second to 16.0 meters per second in 10. seconds. How far does the object travel during the 10. seconds?

(1) 3.6 × 102 m(2) 1.6 × 102 m(3) 1.2 × 102 m(4) 8.0 × 101 m

8. A 1200-kilogram space vehicle travels at 4.8 meters per second along the level surface of Mars. If the magnitude of the gravitational field strength on the surface of Mars is 3.7 newtons per kilogram, the magnitude of the normal force acting on the vehicle is

Which diagram represents the direction of both the object’s velocity and the centripetal force acting on the object when it is in the position shown?

11. An airplane flies with a velocity of 750. kilometers per hour, 30.0° south of east. What is the magnitude of the eastward component of the plane’s velocity?

(1) 866 km/h(2) 650. km/h(3) 433 km/h(4) 375 km/h

12. An 80-kilogram skier slides on waxed skis along a horizontal surface of snow at constant velocity while pushing with his poles. What is the horizontal component of the force pushing him forward?

(1) 0.05 N(2) 0.4 N(3) 40 N(4) 4 N

13. A 1750-kilogram car travels at a constant speed of 15.0 meters per second around a horizontal, circular track with a radius of 45.0 meters. The magnitude of the centripetal force acting on the car is

(1) 5.00 N(2) 583 N(3) 8750 N(4) 3.94 × 105 N

14. A 0.45-kilogram football traveling at a speed of 22 meters per second is caught by an 84-kilogram stationary receiver. If the football comes to rest in the receiver’s arms, the magnitude of the impulse imparted to the receiver by the ball is

(1) 1800 N•s(2) 9.9 N•s(3) 4.4 N•s(4) 3.8 N•s

15. A carpenter hits a nail with a hammer. Compared to the magnitude of the force the hammer exerts on the nail, the magnitude of the force the nail exerts on the hammer during contact is

(1) less(2) greater(3) the same

16. As a meteor moves from a distance of 16 Earth-radii to a distance of 2 Earth-radii from the center of Earth, the magnitude of the gravitational force between the meteor and Earth becomes

(1) as great(2) 8 times as great(3) 64 times as great(4) 4 times as great

17. A 60.-kilogram student climbs a ladder a vertical distance of 4.0 meters in 8.0 seconds. Approximately how much total work is done against gravity by the student during the climb?

(1) 2.4 × 103 J(2) 2.9 × 102 J(3) 2.4 × 102 J(4) 3.0 × 101 J

18. A car travels at constant speed v up a hill from point A to point B, as shown in the diagram below.

As the car travels from A to B, its gravitational potential energy

(1) increases and its kinetic energy decreases(2) increases and its kinetic energy remains the same(3) remains the same and its kinetic energy decreases(4) remains the same and its kinetic energy remains the same

19. What is the maximum amount of work that a 6000.-watt motor can do in 10. seconds?

(1) 6.0 × 101 J(2) 6.0 × 102 J(3) 6.0 × 103 J(4) 6.0 × 104 J

20 Three resistors, 4 ohms, 6 ohms, and 8 ohms, are connected in parallel in an electric circuit. The equivalent resistance of the circuit is

(1) less than 4 ohms(2) between 4 ohms and 8 ohms(3) between 10. ohms and 18 ohms(4) 18 ohms