2001-06-26Publication of US6253027B1publicationCriticalpatent/US6253027B1/en

2011-09-22Assigned to HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P.reassignmentHEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P.ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS).Assignors: HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY

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G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus

G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means

Abstract

Secure transmission of data is provided between a plurality of computer systems over a public communication system, such as the Internet. Secure transmission of data is provided from a customer computer system to a merchant computer system, and for the further secure transmission of payment information regarding a payment instrument from the merchant computer system to a payment gateway computer system. The payment gateway system evaluates the payment information and returns a level of authorization of credit via a secure transmission to the merchant which is communicated to the customer by the merchant. The merchant can then determine whether to accept the payment instrument tendered or deny credit and require another payment instrument. An architecture that provides support for additional message types that are not SET compliant is provided by a preferred embodiment of the invention. A server communicating bidirectionally with a gateway is disclosed. The server communicates to the gateway over a first communication link, over which all service requests are initiated by the server. The gateway uses a second communication link to send service signals to the server. In response to the service signals, the server initiates transactions to the gateway or presents information on an a display device.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the secure, electronic payment in exchange for goods and services purchased over a communication network, and more specifically, to a system, method and article of manufacture for securely transmitting payment information from a customer to a merchant to a payment gateway and returning a certification, including a credit confidence factor to allow a merchant to determine whether to accept or reject payment information utilizing a flexible, extensible architecture.

The present invention relates to an electronic graphical representation of a monetary system for implementing electronic money payments as an alternative medium of economic exchange to cash, checks, credit and debit cards, and electronic funds transfer. The Electronic-Monetary System is a hybrid of currency, check, card payment systems, and electronic funds transfer systems, possessing many of the benefits of these systems with few of their limitations. The system utilizes electronic representations of money which are designed to be universally accepted and exchanged as economic value by subscribers of the monetary system.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Today, approximately 350 billion coin and currency transactions occur between individuals and institutions every year. The extensive use of coin and currency transactions has limited the automation of individual transactions such as purchases, fares, and bank account deposits and withdrawals. Individual cash transactions are burdened by the need to have the correct amount of cash or providing change therefor. Furthermore, the handling and managing of paper cash and coins is inconvenient, costly and time consuming for both individuals and financial institutions.

Although checks may be written for any specific amount up to the amount available in the account, checks have very limited transferability and must be supplied from a physical inventory. Paper-based checking systems do not offer sufficient relief from the limitations of cash transactions, sharing many of the inconveniences of handling currency while adding the inherent delays associated with processing checks. To this end, economic exchange has striven for greater convenience at a lower cost, while also seeking improved security.

Automation has achieved some of these qualities for large transactions through computerized electronic funds transfer (“EFT”) systems. Electronic funds transfer is essentially a process of value exchange achieved through the banking system's centralized computer transactions. EFT services are a transfer of payments utilizing electronic “checks,” which are used primarily by large commercial organizations.

The Automated Clearing House (ACH) where a user can enter a pre-authorized code and download information with billing occurring later, and a Point Of Sale (POS) system where a transaction is processed by connecting with a central computer for authorization for the transaction granted or denied immediately are examples of EFT systems that are utilized by retail and commercial organizations. However, the payments made through these types of EFT systems are limited in that they cannot be performed without the banking system. Moreover, ACH transactions usually cannot be performed during off business hours.

Home Banking bill payment services are examples of an EFT system used by individuals to make payments from a home computer. Currently, home banking initiatives have found few customers. Of the banks that have offered services for payments, account transfers and information over the telephone lines using personal computers, less than one percent of the bank's customers are using the service. One reason that Home Banking has not been a successful product is because the customer cannot deposit and withdraw money as needed in this type of system.

Current EFT systems, credit cards, or debit cards, which are used in conjunction with an on-line system to transfer money between accounts, such as between the account of a merchant and that of a customer, cannot satisfy the need for an automated transaction system providing an ergonomic interface. Examples of EFT systems which provide non-ergonomic interfaces are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,476,259; 5,459,304; 5,452,352; 5,448,045; 5,478,993; 5,455,407; 5,453,601; 5,465,291; and 5,485,510.

To implement an automated, convenient transaction that can dispense some form of economic value, there has been a trend towards off-line payments. For example, numerous ideas have been proposed for some form of “electronic money” that can be used in cashless payment transactions as alternatives to the traditional currency and check types of payment systems. See U.S. Pat. No. 4,977,595, entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMPLEMENTING ELECTRONIC CASH,” and U.S. Pat. No. 4,305,059, entitled “MODULAR FUNDS TRANSFER SYSTEM.”

The more well known techniques include magnetic stripe cards purchased for a given amount and from which a prepaid value can be deducted for specific purposes. Upon exhaustion of the economic value, the cards are thrown away. Other examples include memory cards or so called smart cards which are capable of repetitively storing information representing value that is likewise deducted for specific purposes.

It is desirable for a computer operated under the control of a merchant to obtain information offered by a customer and transmitted by a computer operating under the control of the customer over a publicly accessible packet-switched network (e.g., the Internet) to the computer operating under the control of the merchant, without risking the exposure of the information to interception by third parties that have access to the network, and to assure that the information is from an authentic source. It is further desirable for the merchant to transmit information, including a subset of the information provided by the customer, over such a network to a payment gateway computer system that is designated, by a bank or other financial institution that has the responsibility of providing payment on behalf of the customer, to authorize a commercial transaction on behalf of such a financial institution, without the risk of exposing that information to interception by third parties. Such institutions include, for example, financial institutions offering credit or debit card services.

One such attempt to provide such a secure transmission channel is a secure payment technology such as Secure Electronic Transaction (hereinafter “SET”), jointly developed by the Visa and MasterCard card associations, and described in Visa and MasterCard's Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) Specification, Feb. 23, 1996, hereby incorporated by reference. Other such secure payment technologies include Secure Transaction Technology (“STT”), Secure Electronic Payments Protocol (“SEPP”), Internet Keyed Payments (“iKP”), Net Trust, and Cybercash Credit Payment Protocol. One of ordinary skill in the art readily comprehends that any of the secure payment technologies can be substituted for the SET protocol without undue experimentation. Such secure payment technologies require the customer to operate software that is compliant with the secure payment technology, interacting with third-party certification authorities, thereby allowing the customer to transmit encoded information to a merchant, some of which may be decoded by the merchant, and some which can be decoded only by a payment gateway specified by the customer.

Another such attempt to provide such a secure transmission channel is a general-purpose secure communication protocol such as Netscape, Inc.'s Secure Sockets Layer (hereinafter “SSL”), as described in Freier, Karlton & Kocher (hereinafter “Freier”), The SSL Protocol Version 3.0, March 1996, and hereby incorporated by reference. SSL provides a means for secure transmission between two computers. SSL has the advantage that it does not require special-purpose software to be installed on the customer's computer because it is already incorporated into widely available software that many people utilize as their standard Internet access medium, and does not require that the customer interact with any third-party certification authority. Instead, the support for SSL may be incorporated into software already in use by the customer, e.g., the Netscape Navigator World Wide Web browsing tool. However, although a computer on an SSL connection may initiate a second SSL connection to another computer, a drawback to the SSL approach is each SSL connection supports only a two-computer connection. Therefore, SSL does not provide a mechanism for transmitting encoded information to a merchant for retransmission to a payment gateway such that a subset of the information is readable to the payment gateway but not to the merchant. Although SSL allows for robustly secure two-party data transmission, it does not meet the ultimate need of the electronic commerce market for robustly secure three-party data transmission. Other examples of general-purpose secure communication protocols include Private Communications Technology (“PCT”) from Microsoft, Inc., Secure Hyper-Text Transport Protocol (“SHTTP”) from Terisa Systems, Shen, Kerberos, Photuris, Pretty Good Privacy (“PGP”) which meets the IPSEC criteria. One of ordinary skill in the art readily comprehends that any of the general-purpose secure communication protocols can be substituted for the SSL transmission protocol without undue experimentation.

Banks desire an Internet payment solution that emulates existing Point of Sale (POS) applications that are currently installed on their host computers, and require minimal changes to their host systems. This is a critical requirement since any downtime for a bank's host computer system represents an enormous expense. Currently, VeriFone supports over fourteen hundred different payment-related applications. The large number of applications is necessary to accommodate a wide variety of host message formats, diverse methods for communicating to a variety of hosts with different dial-up and direct-connect schemes, and different certification around the world. In addition, there are a wide variety of business processes that dictate how a Point of Sale (POS) terminal queries a user for data and subsequently displays the data. Also, various vertical market segments, such as hotels, car rental agencies, restaurants, retail sales, mail sales/telephone sales require interfaces for different types of data to be entered, and provide different discount rates to merchants for complying with various data types. Moreover, a plethora of report generation mechanisms and formats are utilized by merchants that banking organizations work with.

Banks are unwilling to converge on “standards” since convergence would facilitate switching from one acquiring bank to another by merchants. In general, banks desire to increase the cost that a merchant incurs in switching from one acquiring bank to another acquiring bank. This is accomplished by supplying a merchant with a terminal that only communicates utilizing the bank's proprietary protocol, and by providing other value-added services that a merchant may not be able to obtain at another bank.

Internet-based payment solutions require additional security measures that are not found in conventional POS terminals. This additional requirement is necessitated because Internet communication is done over publicly-accessible, unsecured communication line in stark contrast to the private, secure, dedicated phone or leased line service utilized between a traditional merchant and an acquiring bank. Thus, it is critical that any solution utilizing the Internet for a communication backbone, employ some form of cryptography.

As discussed above, the current state-of-the-art in Internet based payment processing is a protocol referred to as SET. Since the SET messages are uniform across all implementations, banks cannot differentiate themselves in any reasonable way. Also, since SET is not a proper superset of all protocols utilized today, there are bank protocols which cannot be mapped or translated into SET because they require data elements for which SET has no placeholder. Further, SET only handles the message types directly related to authorizing and capturing credit card transactions and adjustments to these authorizations or captures. In a typical POS terminal in the physical world, these messages comprise almost the entire volume of the total number of messages between the merchant and the authorizing bank, but only half of the total number of different message types. These message types, which are used infrequently, but which are critical to the operation of the POS terminal must be supported for proper transaction processing.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to a broad aspect of a preferred embodiment of the invention, a server communicates bidirectionally with a gateway over a first communication link, over which all service requests are initiated by the server. The architecture provides a protocol module with a uniform data structure to handle arbitrary message types. The protocol module also handles authentication of any gateways with which the server is authorized to communicate and all cryptographic functions. Transactions are passed between the protocol module and a transaction module which ensures the messages are properly constructed and handles database interactions. The protocol module and transaction module are part of the server. An arbitrary number of server application modules can be developed which interact with merchants or consumers utilizing standard display interfaces managed by the server. The application modules generate data and transfer the data to the transaction module which packages the data. The packaged data is then encrypted and encoded by the protocol module for transmitting to the gateway. A preferred embodiment facilitates the uploading of configuration information from the server to the gateway, the downloading of software from the gateway to the server and the installation of that software at the server.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other objects, aspects and advantages are better understood from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1A is a block diagram of a representative hardware environment in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 1B depicts an overview in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 1C is a block diagram of the system in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 2 depicts a more detailed view of a customer computer system in communication with merchant system under the Secure Sockets Layer protocol in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 3 depicts an overview of the method of securely supplying payment information to a payment gateway in order to obtain payment authorization in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 4 depicts the detailed steps of generating and transmitting a payment authorization request in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIGS. 5A through 5F depict views of the payment authorization request and its component parts in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIGS. 6A and 6B depict the detailed steps of processing a payment authorization request and generating and transmitting a payment authorization request response in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIGS. 7A through 7J depict views of the payment authorization response and its component parts in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 8 depicts the detailed steps of processing a payment authorization response in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 9 depicts an overview of the method of securely supplying payment capture information to a payment gateway in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 10 depicts the detailed steps of generating and transmitting a payment capture request in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIGS. 11A through 11F depict views of the payment capture request and its component parts in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIGS. 12A and 12B depict the detailed steps of processing a payment capture request and generating and transmitting a payment capture request response in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIGS. 13A through 13F depict views of the payment capture response and its component parts in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 14 depicts the detailed steps of processing a payment capture response in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 33 illustrates a selected payment instrument with a fill in the blanks for the cardholder in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 34 illustrates a coffee purchase utilizing the newly defined VISA card in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 35 is a flowchart of conditional authorization of payment in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIGS. 36-48 are screen displays in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 49 shows how the vPOS authenticates an incoming response to a request in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 50 is a flowchart for the merchant interaction with the Test Gateway in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIGS. 51-61 are flowcharts depicting the detailed logic of the gateway in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 62 is the main administration display for the Gateway in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 63 is a configuration panel in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 64 is a host communication display for facilitating communication between the gateway and the acquirer payment host in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 65 is a Services display in accordance with a preferred embodiment; and

FIG. 66 is a graphical representation of the gateway transaction database in accordance with a preferred embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A preferred embodiment of a system in accordance with the present invention is preferably practiced in the context of a personal computer such as the IBM PS/2, Apple Macintosh computer or UNIX based workstation. A representative hardware environment is depicted in FIG. 1A, which illustrates a typical hardware configuration of a workstation in accordance with a preferred embodiment having a central processing unit 10, such as a microprocessor, and a number of other units interconnected via a system bus 12. The workstation shown in FIG. 1A includes a Random Access Memory (RAM) 14, Read Only Memory (ROM) 16, an I/O adapter 18 for connecting peripheral devices such as disk storage units 20 to the bus 12, a user interface adapter 22 for connecting a keyboard 24, a mouse 26, a speaker 28, a microphone 32, and/or other user interface devices such as a touch screen (not shown) to the bus 12, communication adapter 34 for connecting the workstation to a communication network (e.g., a data processing network) and a display adapter 36 for connecting the bus 12 to a display device 38. The workstation typically has resident thereon an operating system such as the Microsoft Windows NT or Windows/95 Operating System (OS), the IBM OS/2 operating system, the MAC OS, or UNIX operating system. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may also be implemented on platforms and operating systems other than those mentioned.

A preferred embodiment is written using JAVA, C, and the C++ language and utilizes object oriented programming methodology. Object oriented programming (OOP) has become increasingly used to develop complex applications. As OOP moves toward the mainstream of software design and development, various software solutions require adaptation to make use of the benefits of OOP. A need exists for these principles of OOP to be applied to a messaging interface of an electronic messaging system such that a set of OOP classes and objects for the messaging interface can be provided.

OOP is a process of developing computer software using objects, including the steps of analyzing the problem, designing the system, and constructing the program. An object is a software package that contains both data and a collection of related structures and procedures. Since it contains both data and a collection of structures and procedures, it can be visualized as a self-sufficient component that does not require other additional structures, procedures or data to perform its specific task. OOP, therefore, views a computer program as a collection of largely autonomous components, called objects, each of which is responsible for a specific task. This concept of packaging data, structures, and procedures together in one component or module is called encapsulation.

In general, OOP components are reusable software modules which present an interface that conforms to an object model and which are accessed at run-time through a component integration architecture. A component integration architecture is a set of architecture mechanisms which allow software modules in different process spaces to utilize each others capabilities or functions. This is generally done by assuming a common component object model on which to build the architecture.

It is worthwhile to differentiate between an object and a class of objects at this point. An object is a single instance of the class of objects, which is often just called a class. A class of objects can be viewed as a blueprint, from which many objects can be formed.

OOP allows the programmer to create an object that is a part of another object. For example, the object representing a piston engine is said to have a composition-relationship with the object representing a piston. In reality, a piston engine comprises a piston, valves and many other components; the fact that a piston is an element of a piston engine can be logically and semantically represented in OOP by two objects.

OOP also allows creation of an object that “depends from” another object. If there are two objects, one representing a piston engine and the other representing a piston engine wherein the piston is made of ceramic, then the relationship between the two objects is not that of composition. A ceramic piston engine does not make up a piston engine. Rather it is merely one kind of piston engine that has one more limitation than the piston engine; its piston is made of ceramic. In this case, the object representing the ceramic piston engine is called a derived object, and it inherits all of the aspects of the object representing the piston engine and adds further limitation or detail to it. The object representing the ceramic piston engine “depends from” the object representing the piston engine. The relationship between these objects is called inheritance.

When the object or class representing the ceramic piston engine inherits all of the aspects of the objects representing the piston engine, it inherits the thermal characteristics of a standard piston defined in the piston engine class. However, the ceramic piston engine object overrides these ceramic specific thermal characteristics, which are typically different from those associated with a metal piston. It skips over the original and uses new functions related to ceramic pistons. Different kinds of piston engines have different characteristics, but may have the same underlying functions associated with it (e.g., how many pistons in the engine, ignition sequences, lubrication, etc.). To access each of these functions in any piston engine object, a programmer would call the same functions with the same names, but each type of piston engine may have different/overriding implementations of functions behind the same name. This ability to hide different implementations of a function behind the same name is called polymorphism and it greatly simplifies communication among objects.

With the concepts of composition-relationship, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism, an object can represent just about anything in the real world. In fact, our logical perception of the reality is the only limit on determining the kinds of things that can become objects in object-oriented software. Some typical categories are as follows:

Objects can represent physical objects, such as automobiles in a traffic-flow simulation, electrical components in a circuit-design program, countries in an economics model, or aircraft in an air-traffic-control system.

Objects can represent elements of the computer-user environment such as windows, menus or graphics objects.

An object can represent an inventory, such as a personnel file or a table of the latitudes and longitudes of cities.

An object can represent user-defined data types such as time, angles, and complex numbers, or points on the plane.

With this enormous capability of an object to represent just about any logically separable matters, OOP allows the software developer to design and implement a computer program that is a model of some aspects of reality, whether that reality is a physical entity, a process, a system, or a composition of matter. Since the object can represent anything, the software developer can create an object which can be used as a component in a larger software project in the future.

If 90% of a new OOP software program consists of proven, existing components made from preexisting reusable objects, then only the remaining 10% of the new software project has to be written and tested from scratch. Since 90% already came from an inventory of extensively tested reusable objects, the potential domain from which an error could originate is 10% of the program. As a result, OOP enables software developers to build objects out of other, previously built, objects.

This process closely resembles complex machinery being built out of assemblies and sub-assemblies. OOP technology, therefore, makes software engineering more like hardware engineering in that software is built from existing components, which are available to the developer as objects. All this adds up to an improved quality of the software as well as an increased speed of its development.

Programming languages are beginning to fully support the OOP principles, such as encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and composition-relationship. With the advent of the C++ language, many commercial software developers have embraced OOP. C++ is an OOP language that offers a fast, machine-executable code. Furthermore, C++ is suitable for both commercial-application and systems-programming projects. For now, C++ appears to be the most popular choice among many OOP programmers, but there is a host of other OOP languages, such as Smalltalk, common lisp object system (CLOS), and Eiffel. Additionally, OOP capabilities are being added to more traditional popular computer programming languages such as Pascal.

The benefits of object classes can be summarized, as follows:

Objects and their corresponding classes break down complex programming problems into many smaller, simpler problems.

Encapsulation enforces data abstraction through the organization of data into small, independent objects that can communicate with each other. Encapsulation protects the data in an object from accidental damage, but allows other objects to interact with that data by calling the object's member functions and structures.

Subclassing and inheritance make it possible to extend and modify objects through deriving new kinds of objects from the standard classes available in the system. Thus, new capabilities are created without having to start from scratch.

Polymorphism and multiple inheritance make it possible for different programmers to mix and match characteristics of many different classes and create specialized objects that can still work with related objects in predictable ways.

Class hierarchies and containment hierarchies provide a flexible mechanism for modeling real-world objects and the relationships among them.

Libraries of reusable classes are useful in many situations, but they also have some limitations. For example:

Complexity. In a complex system, the class hierarchies for related classes can become extremely confusing, with many dozens or even hundreds of classes.

Flow of control. A program written with the aid of class libraries is still responsible for the flow of control (i.e., it must control the interactions among all the objects created from a particular library). The programmer has to decide which functions to call at what times for which kinds of objects.

Duplication of effort. Although class libraries allow programmers to use and reuse many small pieces of code, each programmer puts those pieces together in a different way. Two different programmers can use the same set of class libraries to write two programs that do exactly the same thing but whose internal structure (i.e., design) may be quite different, depending on hundreds of small decisions each programmer makes along the way. Inevitably, similar pieces of code end up doing similar things in slightly different ways and do not work as well together as they should.

Class libraries are very flexible. As programs grow more complex, more programmers are forced to reinvent basic solutions to basic problems over and over again. A relatively new extension of the class library concept is to have a framework of class libraries. This framework is more complex and consists of significant collections of collaborating classes that capture both the small scale patterns and major mechanisms that implement the common requirements and design in a specific application domain. They were first developed to free application programmers from the chores involved in displaying menus, windows, dialog boxes, and other standard user interface elements for personal computers.

Frameworks also represent a change in the way programmers think about the interaction between the code they write and code written by others. In the early days of procedural programming, the programmer called libraries provided by the operating system to perform certain tasks, but basically the program executed down the page from start to finish, and the programmer was solely responsible for the flow of control. This was appropriate for printing out paychecks, calculating a mathematical table, or solving other problems with a program that executed in just one way.

The development of graphical user interfaces began to turn this procedural programming arrangement inside out. These interfaces allow the user, rather than program logic, to drive the program and decide when certain actions should be performed. Today, most personal computer software accomplishes this by means of an event loop which monitors the mouse, keyboard, and other sources of external events and calls the appropriate parts of the programmer's code according to actions that the user performs. The programmer no longer determines the order in which events occur. Instead, a program is divided into separate pieces that are called at unpredictable times and in an unpredictable order. By relinquishing control in this way to users, the developer creates a program that is much easier to use. Nevertheless, individual pieces of the program written by the developer still call libraries provided by the operating system to accomplish certain tasks, and the programmer must still determine the flow of control within each piece after it's called by the event loop. Application code still “sits on top of” the system.

Even event loop programs require programmers to write a lot of code that should not need to be written separately for every application. The concept of an application framework carries the event loop concept further. Instead of dealing with all the nuts and bolts of constructing basic menus, windows, and dialog boxes and then making these things all work together, programmers using application frameworks start with working application code and basic user interface elements in place. Subsequently, they build from there by replacing some of the generic capabilities of the framework with the specific capabilities of the intended application.

Application frameworks reduce the total amount of code that a programmer has to write from scratch. However, because the framework is really a generic application that displays windows, supports copy and paste, and so on, the programmer can also relinquish control to a greater degree than event loop programs permit. The framework code takes care of almost all event handling and flow of control, and the programmer's code is called only when the framework needs it (e.g., to create or manipulate a proprietary data structure).

A programmer writing a framework program not only relinquishes control to the user (as is also true for event loop programs), but also relinquishes the detailed flow of control within the program to the framework. This approach allows the creation of more complex systems that work together in interesting ways, as opposed to isolated programs, having custom code, being created over and over again for similar problems.

Thus, as is explained above, a framework basically is a collection of cooperating classes that make up a reusable design solution for a given problem domain. It typically includes objects that provide default behavior (e.g., for menus and windows), and programmers use it by inheriting some of that default behavior and overriding other behavior so that the framework calls application code at the appropriate times.

There are three main differences between frameworks and class libraries:

Behavior versus protocol. Class libraries are essentially collections of behaviors that you can call when you want those individual behaviors in your program. A framework, on the other hand, provides not only behavior but also the protocol or set of rules that govern the ways in which behaviors can be combined, including rules for what a programmer is supposed to provide versus what the framework provides.

Call versus override. With a class library, the code the programmer instantiates objects and calls their member functions. It's possible to instantiate and call objects in the same way with a framework (i.e., to treat the framework as a class library), but to take full advantage of a framework's reusable design, a programmer typically writes code that overrides and is called by the framework. The framework manages the flow of control among its objects. Writing a program involves dividing responsibilities among the various pieces of software that are called by the framework rather than specifying how the different pieces should work together.

Implementation versus design. With class libraries, programmers reuse only implementations, whereas with frameworks, they reuse design. A framework embodies the way a family of related programs or pieces of software work. It represents a generic design solution that can be adapted to a variety of specific problems in a given domain. For example, a single framework can embody the way a user interface works, even though two different user interfaces created with the same framework might solve quite different interface problems.

Thus, through the development of frameworks for solutions to various problems and programming tasks, significant reductions in the design and development effort for software can be achieved. A preferred embodiment of the invention utilizes HyperText Markup Language (HTML) to implement documents on the Internet together with a general-purpose secure communication protocol for a transport medium between the client and the merchant. HTTP or other protocols could be readily substituted for HTML without undue experimentation. Information on these products is available in T. Berners-Lee, D. Connoly, “RFC 1866: Hypertext Markup Language—2.0” (Nov. 1995); and R. Fielding, H, Frystyk, T. Berners-Lee, J. Gettys and J. C. Mogul, “Hypertext Transfer Protocol—HTTP/1.1: HTTP Working Group Internet Draft” (May 2, 1996). HTML is a simple data format used to create hypertext documents that are portable from one platform to another. HTML documents are SGML documents with generic semantics that are appropriate for representing information from a wide range of domains. HTML has been in use by the World-Wide Web global information initiative since 1990. HTML is an application of ISO Standard 8879:1986 Information Processing Text and Office Systems; Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).

To date, Web development tools have been limited in their ability to create dynamic Web applications which span from client to server and interoperate with existing computing resources. Until recently, HTML has been the dominant technology used in development of Web-based solutions. However, HTML has proven to be inadequate in the following areas:

Another technology that provides similar function to JAVA is provided by Microsoft and ActiveX Technologies, to give developers and Web designers wherewithal to build dynamic content for the Internet and personal computers. ActiveX includes tools for developing animation, 3-D virtual reality, video and other multimedia content. The tools use Internet standards, work on multiple platforms, and are being supported by over 100 companies. The group's building blocks are called ActiveX Controls, small, fast components that enable developers to embed parts of software in hypertext markup language (HTML) pages. ActiveX Controls work with a variety of programming languages including Microsoft Visual C++, Borland Delphi, Microsoft Visual Basic programming system and, in the future, Microsoft's development tool for Java, code named “Jakarta.” ActiveX Technologies also includes ActiveX Server Framework, allowing developers to create server applications. One of ordinary skill in the art readily recognizes that ActiveX could be substituted for JAVA without undue experimentation to practice the invention.

FIG. 1B depicts an overview of the present invention. Customer computer system 120 is in communication with merchant computer system 130. The customer-merchant session 150 operates under a general-purpose secure communication protocol such as the SSL protocol. Merchant computer system 130 is additionally in communication with payment gateway computer system 140. A payment gateway is a system that provides electronic commerce services in support of a bank or other financial institution, and that interfaces to the financial institution to support the authorization and capture of transactions. The customer-institution session 170 operates under a variant of a secure payment technology such as the SET protocol, as described herein, referred to as Merchant-Originated Secure Electronic Transactions (“MOSET”), as is more fully described herein.

Customer-to-Merchant Communication

FIG. 2 depicts a more detailed view of customer computer system 120 in communication with merchant system 130 using customer-merchant session 150 operating under the SSL protocol as documented in Freier and incorporated by reference.

Customer computer system 120 initiates communication by sending “client hello” message 210 to the merchant computer system 130. When a client first connects to a server it is required to send the client hello message 210 as its first message. The client can also send a client hello message 210 in response to a hello request on its own initiative in order to renegotiate the security parameters in an existing connection. The client hello message includes a random structure, which is used later in the protocol. Specifically, the random structure includes the current time and date in standard UNIX 32-bit format according to the sender's internal clock and twenty-eight bytes of data generated by a secure random number generator. The client hello message 210 further includes a variable length session identifier. If not empty, the session identifier value identifies a session between the same client and server whose security parameters the client wishes to reuse. The session identifier may be from an earlier connection, the current connection, or another currently active connection. It is useful to specify the current connection if the client only wishes to update the random structures and derived values of a connection. It is useful to specify another currently active connection if the client wishes to establish several simultaneous independent secure connections to the same server without repeating the full handshake protocol. Client hello message 210 further includes an indicator of the cryptographic algorithms supported by the client in order of the client's preference, ordered according to client preference.

In response to client hello message 210, if merchant computer system 130 wishes to correspond with customer computer system 120, it responds with server hello message 215. If merchant computer system 130 does not wish to communicate with customer computer system 120, it responds with a message, not shown, indicating refusal to communicate.

Server hello message 215 includes a random structure, which is used later in the protocol. The random structure in server hello message 215 is in the same format as, but has contents independent of, the random structure in client hello message 210. Specifically, the random structure includes the current time and date in standard UNIX 32-bit format according to the sender's internal clock and twenty-eight bytes of data generated by a secure random number generator. Server hello message 215 further includes a variable length session identifier. The session identifier value identifies a new or existing session between the same client and server. Server hello message 215 further includes an indicator of the cryptographic algorithms selected from among the algorithms specified by client hello message 210, which is utilized in further encrypted communications.

If merchant computer system 130 does not transmit a server certificate 220, or if server certificate 220 is suitable only for authentication, it may optionally transmit a server key exchange message 225. Server key exchange message 225 identifies a key that may be used by customer computer system 120 to decrypt further messages sent by merchant computer system 130.

Customer computer system 120 optionally transmits client certificate 240 to merchant computer system 130. If transmitted, client certificate 240 enables merchant computer system 130 to authenticate the identity of customer computer system 120. Alternatively, customer computer system 120 may transmit a no-client-certificate alert 245, to indicate that the customer has not registered with any certification authority.

If customer computer system 120 does not transmit a client certificate 240, or if client certificate 240 is suitable only for authentication, customer computer system 120 may optionally transmit a client key exchange message 250. Client key exchange message 250 identifies a key that may be used by merchant computer system 130 to decrypt further messages sent by customer computer system 120.

At this point, customer computer system 120 and merchant computer system 130 have:

1) negotiated an encryption scheme that may be commonly employed in further communications, and

2) have communicated to each other a set of encryption keys that may be used to decrypt further communications between the two computer systems.

Customer computer system 120 and merchant computer system 130 may thereafter engage in secure communications 270 with less risk of interception by third parties.

Among the messages communicated by customer computer system 120 to merchant computer system 130 may be messages that specify goods or services to be ordered and payment information, such as a credit card number and related information, collectively referred to as “payment information,” that may be used to pay for the goods and/or services ordered. In order to obtain payment, the merchant must supply this information to the bank or other payment gateway responsible for the proffered payment method. This enables the merchant to perform payment authorization and payment capture. Payment authorization is the process by which permission is granted by a payment gateway operating on behalf of a financial institution to authorize payment on behalf of the financial institution. This is a process that assesses transaction risk, confirms that a given transaction does not raise the account holder's debt above the account's credit limit, and reserves the specified amount of credit. Payment capture is the process that triggers the movement of funds from the financial institution to the merchant's account after settlement of the account.

Payment Authorization

Merchants utilize point-of-sale products for credit and debit transactions on a daily basis. An embodiment in accordance with the subject invention allows an acquirer processor to accept transactions from Internet storefronts without altering a current host environment. The system easily converts payment protocol messages and simultaneously manages transactions from a number of Internet merchant servers. As the number of transactions grows, the payment gateway can be scaled to handle the increased business, and it can be configured to work with specific business processes used by the acquirer/processor. Thus, the payment gateway supports Internet processing utilizing payment processing operations.

The payment gateway provides support for configuring and installing the Internet payment capability utilizing existing host point-of-sale technology. The payment gateway also provides an intuitive Graphical User Interface (GUI) with support built in to accommodate future payment instruments such as debit cards, electronic checks, electronic cash and micropayments. The payment gateway implements secure transactions using RSA public-key cryptography and the MasterCard/Visa Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) protocol. The gateway also provides full functionality for merchant payment processing including authorization, capture, settlement and reconciliation while providing monitor activity with reporting and tracking of transactions sent over the Internet. Finally, the payment gateway also implements Internet payment procedures that match current processor business models to ensure consistency for merchants. Handling Internet transactions is destined to become a necessary function for every payment processing system. Today, merchants often transmit data received over the Internet inefficiently. Some fax the information or waste time keying data into a non-Internet system.

FIG. 3 depicts an overview of the method of securely supplying payment information to a payment gateway in order to obtain payment authorization. In function block 310, merchant computer system 130 generates a payment authorization request 315 and transmits it to payment gateway computer system 140. In function block 330, payment gateway system 140 processes the payment authorization request, generates a payment authorization response 325 and transmits it to merchant computer system 130. In function block 320, merchant computer system 130 processes payment authorization response 325 and determines whether payment for the goods or services sought to be obtained by the customer has been authorized.

Payment Authorization Request Generation

FIG. 4 depicts the detailed steps of generating and transmitting a payment authorization request. FIGS. 6A through 5F depict views of the payment authorization request and its component parts. In function block 410, merchant computer system 130 creates a basic authorization request 510. The basic authorization request is a data area that includes all the information for determining whether a request should be granted or denied. Specifically, it includes such information as the party who is being charged, the amount to be charged, the account number of the account to be charged, and any additional data, such as passwords, needed to validate the charge. This information is either calculated based upon prior customer merchandise selection, or provided by the customer over the secure link 270 established in the customer-merchant general-purpose secure communication protocol session. FIG. 5A depicts a basic authorization request 510.

In function block 420, merchant computer system 130 combines basic authorization request 510, a copy of its encryption public key certificate 515 and a copy of its signature public key certificate 520. Merchant computer system 130 calculates a digital signature 525 for the combined contents of the combined block 530 comprising basic authorization request 510, the encryption public key certificate 515 and the signature public key certificate 520, and appends it to the combination of the combined basic authorization request 510, the encryption public key certificate 515 and the signature public key certificate 520. The merchant computer system calculates digital signature 525 by first calculating a “message digest” based upon the contents of the combined basic authorization request 510, the encryption public key certificate 515 and the signature public key certificate 520. A message digest is the fixed-length result that is generated when a variable length message is fed into a one-way hashing function. Message digests help verify that a message has not been altered because altering the message would change the digest. The message digest is then encrypted using the merchant computer system's 130 digital signature private key, thus forming a digital signature.

In function block 430, merchant computer system 130 generates a random encryption key RK-0 540, denoted as RK-0. Random encryption key RK-0 540 is a symmetric encryption key. A symmetric encryption key is a key characterized by the property that a message encrypted with a symmetric key can be decrypted with that same key. This is contrasted with an asymmetric key pair, such as a public-key/private-key key pair, where a message encrypted with one key of the key pair may only be decrypted with the other key of the same key pair. FIG. 5C depicts random encryption key RK-0 540.

In function block 625, payment gateway computer system 140 validates merchant digital signature 525. Payment gateway computer system 140 performs this validation by calculating a message digest over the contents of the combined basic authorization request 510, the encryption public key certificate 515 and the signature public key certificate 520. Payment gateway computer system 140 then decrypts digital signature 525 to obtain a copy of the equivalent message digest calculated by merchant computer system 130 in function block 420. If the two message digests are equal, the digital signature 525 is validated. If validation fails, payment gateway computer system 140 rejects the authorization request.

In function block 630, payment gateway computer system 140 determines the financial institution for which authorization is required by inspection of basic authorization request 510. Payment gateway computer system 140 contacts the appropriate financial institution using a secure means, e.g, a direct-dial modem-to-modem connection, or a proprietary internal network that is not accessible to third parties, and using prior art means, obtains a response indicating whether the requested payment is authorized.

Payment Authorization Response Generation

Function blocks 635 through 685 depict the steps of generating and transmitting a payment authorization request response. FIGS. 7A through 7J depict views of the payment authorization response and its component parts.

In function block 635, payment gateway computer system 140 creates a basic authorization response 710. The basic authorization request is a data area that includes all the information to determine whether a request was granted or denied. FIG. 7A depicts basic authorization response 710.

In function block 640, payment gateway computer system 140 combines basic authorization response 710, and a copy of its signature public key certificate 720. Payment computer system 140 calculates a digital signature 725 for the combined contents of the combined block 730 comprising basic authorization response 710 and the signature public key certificate 720, and appends the signature to the combination of the combined basic authorization response 710 and the signature public key certificate 720. The payment gateway computer system calculates digital signature 725 by first calculating a message digest based on the contents of the combined basic authorization response 710 and signature public key certificate 720. The message digest is then encrypted using the merchant computer system's 140 digital signature private key, thus forming a digital signature.

FIG. 8 depicts the detailed steps of processing a payment authorization response. In function block 810, merchant computer system 130 applies its private key to encrypted random key RK-1 760 contained within received merchant authorization response 325, thereby decrypting it and obtaining a cleartext version of random key RK-1 740. In function block 820, merchant computer system 130 applies random key RK-1 740 to encrypted combined block 750, thereby decrypting it and obtaining a cleartext version of combined block 730. Combined block 730 comprises basic authorization response 710, a copy of payment gateway computer system's 140 signature public key certificate 720, as well as payment gateway digital signature 725. In function block 830, merchant computer system 130 verifies payment gateway computer system's 140 signature public key certificate 720. Merchant computer system 130 performs this verification by making a call to the certification authority associated with the certificate. If verification of the certificate fails, merchant computer system 130 concludes that the authorization response is counterfeit and treats it though the authorization request had been rejected.

In function block 840, merchant computer system 130 validates payment gateway digital signature 725. Merchant computer system 130 performs this validation by calculating a message digest over the contents of the combined basic authorization response 710 and the signature public key certificate 720. Merchant computer system 130 then decrypts digital signature 725 to obtain a copy of the equivalent message digest calculated by payment gateway computer system 140 in function block 640. If the two message digests are equal, the digital signature 725 is validated. If validation fails, concludes that the authorization response 710 is counterfeit and treats it though the authorization request had been rejected.

In function block 850, merchant computer system 130 stores encrypted capture token 780 and encrypted random key RK-2 790 for later use in payment capture. In function block 860, merchant computer system 130 processes the customer purchase request in accordance with the authorization response 710. If the authorization response 710 indicates that payment in authorized, merchant computer system 130 fills the requested order. If the authorization response 710 indicates that payment is not authorized, or if merchant computer system 130 determined in function block 830 or 840 that the authorization response 710 is counterfeit, merchant computer system 130 indicates to the customer that the order cannot be filled.

Payment Capture

FIG. 9 depicts an overview of the method of securely supplying payment capture information to payment gateway 140 in order to obtain payment capture. In function block 910, merchant computer system 130 generates a merchant payment capture request 915 and transmits it to payment gateway computer system 140. In function block 930, payment gateway system 140 processes the payment capture request 915, generates a payment capture response 925 and transmits it to merchant computer system 130. In function block 920, merchant computer system 130 processes payment capture response 925 and verifies that payment for the goods or services sought to be obtained by the customer have been captured.

Payment Capture Request Generation

FIG. 10 depicts the detailed steps of generating and transmitting a payment capture request. FIGS. 11A through 11F depict views of the payment capture request and its component parts. In function block 1010, merchant computer system 130 creates a basic capture request 510. The basic capture request is a data area that includes all the information needed by payment gateway computer system 140 to trigger a transfer of funds to the merchant operating merchant computer system 130.

Specifically, a capture request includes a capture request amount, a capture token, a date, summary information of the purchased items and a Merchant ID (MID) for the particular merchant. FIG. 11A depicts basic capture request 1110.

In function block 1020, merchant computer system 130 combines basic capture request 1110, a copy of its encryption public key certificate 1115 and a copy of its signature public key certificate 1120. Merchant computer system 130 calculates a digital signature 1125 for the combined contents of the combined block 1130 comprising basic capture request 1110, the encryption public key certificate 1115 and the signature public key certificate 1120, and appends it to the combination of the combined basic capture request 1110, the encryption public key certificate 1115 and the signature public key certificate 1120. The merchant computer system calculates digital signature 1125 by first calculating a message digest over the contents of the combined basic capture request 1110, the encryption public key certificate 1115 and the signature public key certificate 1120. The message digest is then encrypted using the merchant computer system's 130 digital signature private key, thus forming a digital signature.

In function block 1240, payment gateway computer system 140 verifies that a proper transaction is being transmitted between capture token 780 and capture request 1110. A capture token contains data that the gateway generates at the time of authorization. When the authorization is approved, the encrypted capture token is given to the merchant for storage. At the time of capture, the merchant returns the capture token to the gateway along with other information required for capture. Upon receipt of the capture token, the gateway compares a message made of the capture request data and the capture token data and transmits this information over a traditional credit/debit network. If an improperly formatted transaction is detected, payment gateway computer system 140 rejects the capture request. In function block 1245, payment gateway computer system 140 determines the financial institution for which capture is requested by inspection of basic capture request 1110. Payment gateway computer system 140 contacts the appropriate financial institution using a secure means, e.g, a direct-dial modem-to-modem connection, or a proprietary internal network that is not accessible to third parties, and using prior art means, instructs a computer at the financial institution to perform the requested funds transfer after settlement.

Payment Capture Response Generation

Function blocks 1250 through 1285 depict the steps of generating and transmitting a payment capture request response. FIGS. 13A through 13F depict views of the payment capture response and its component parts.

In function block 1250, payment gateway computer system 140 creates a basic capture response 1310. The basic capture request is a data area that includes all the information to indicate whether a capture request was granted or denied. FIG. 13A depicts basic capture response 1310.

In function block 1255, payment gateway computer system 140 combines basic capture response 1310, and a copy of its signature public key certificate 1320. Payment computer system 140 calculates a digital signature 1325 for the combined contents of the combined block 1330 comprising basic capture response 1310 and the signature public key certificate 1320, and appends the signature to the combination of the combined basic capture response 1310 and the signature public key certificate 1320. The payment gateway computer system calculates digital signature 1325 by first calculating a message digest over the contents of the combined basic capture response 1310 and signature public key certificate 720. The message digest is then encrypted using the merchant computer system's 140 digital signature private key, thus forming a digital signature.

In function block 1440, merchant computer system 130 validates payment gateway digital signature 1325. Merchant computer system 130 performs this validation by calculating a message digest over the contents of the combined basic capture response 1310 and the signature public key certificate 1320. Merchant computer system 130 then decrypts digital signature 1325 to obtain a copy of the equivalent message digest calculated by payment gateway computer system 140 in function block 1255. If the two message digests are equal, the digital signature 1325 is validated. If validation fails, merchant computer system 130 concludes that the authorization response is counterfeit and raises an error condition. In function block 1450, merchant computer system 130 stores capture response for later use in by legacy system accounting programs, e.g. to perform reconciliation between the merchant operating merchant computer system 130 and the financial institution from whom payment was requested, thereby completing the transaction. The system of the present invention permits immediate deployment of a secure payment technology architecture such as the SET architecture without first establishing a public-key encryption infrastructure for use by consumers. It thereby permits immediate use of SET-compliant transaction processing without the need for consumers to migrate to SET-compliant application software.

VIRTUAL POINT OF SALE (vPOS) DETAILS

A Virtual Point of Sale (vPOS) Terminal Cartridge is described in accordance with a preferred embodiment. The vPOS Terminal Cartridge provides payment functionality similar to what a VeriFone PoS terminal (“gray box”) provides for a merchant today, allowing a merchant to process payments securely using the Internet. It provides full payment functionality for a variety of payment instruments.

Payment Functionality

FIG. 15A illustrates a payment processing flow in accordance with a preferred embodiment. The payment functionality provided by the vPOS terminal is divided into two main categories: “Merchant-Initiated” 1510 and “Consumer-Initiated” 1500. Some payment transactions require communication with the Acquirer Bank through the Gateway 1530. The normal flow of a transaction is via the vPOS Cartridge API 1512 to the vPOS C++ API 1514 into the payment protocol layer 1516 which is responsible for converting into the appropriate format for transmission to the Gateway for additional processing and forwarding to existing host payment authorization systems. Host legacy format refers to an existing authorization system for credit card approval currently utilized with the VeriFone Point of Sale (POS) gray terminals. The output from the payment protocol layer 1516 is transmitted to the authorization processing center via the gateway 1530. These transactions are referred to as “Online Transactions” or “Host Payments.” The transactions that can be done locally by the merchant without having to communicate with the Acquirer Bank are referred to as “Local Functions and Transactions.” To support different types of payment instruments, the vPOS Terminal payment functionality is categorized as set forth below.

Host Payment Functionality: These transactions require communication with the final host, either immediately or at a later stage. For example, an Online Authorization-Only transaction, when initiated, communicates with the host immediately. However, an Off-line Authorization-Only transaction is locally authorized by the vPOS terminal without having to communicate with the host, but at a later stage this off-line authorization transaction is sent to the host. Within the Host Payment Functionality some transactions have an associated Payment Instrument, while others do not. These two kinds of transactions are:

Host Financial Payment Functionality: These transactions have a Payment Instrument (Credit Card, Debit Card, E-Cash, E-Check, etc.) associated with them. For example, the “Return” transaction, which is initiated upon returning a merchandise to the merchant.

Host Administrative Payment Functionality: These transactions do not require a payment instrument, and provide either administrative or inquiry functionality. Examples of these transactions are “Reconcile” or the “Batch Close.”

Local Functions and Transactions: These transactions do not require communication with the host at any stage, and provide essential vPOS terminal administrative functionality. An example of this is the vPOS terminal configuration function, which is required to set up the vPOS terminal. Another example is the “vPOS Batch Review” function, which is required to review the different transactions in the vPOS Batch or the Transaction Log.

Payment Instruments

A preferred embodiment of a vPOS terminal supports various Payment Instruments. A consumer chooses a payment based on personal preferences. Some of the Payment Instruments supported include:

Credit Cards

Debit Cards

Electronic Cash

Electronic Checks

Micro-Payments (electronic coin)

Smart Cards

URL Table

The table below enumerates the URLs corresponding to the transactions supported by the vPOS Terminal Cartridge. Note that the GET method is allowed for all transactions; however, for transactions that either create or modify information on the merchant server, a GET request returns an HTML page from which the transaction is performed via a POST method.

Transaction

URL

POST

Access Control

HOST FINANCIAL PAYMENT FUNCTIONALITY

auth capture

/vPOSt/mi/authcapture/

allowed

merchant

login/password

auth capture

/vPOSt/ci/authcapture/

allowed

no access control

auth only

/vPOSt/mi/authonly/

allowed

merchant

login/password

auth only

/vPOSt/ci/authonly/

allowed

no access control

adjust

/vPOSt/mi/adjust/

allowed

merchant

login/password

forced post

/vPOSt/mi/forcedpost/

allowed

merchant

login/password

offline auth

/vPOSt/mi/offlineauth/

allowed

merchant

login/password

offline auth

/vPOSt/ci/offlineauth/

allowed

no access control

pre auth

/vPOSt/mi/preauth/

allowed

merchant

login/password

pre auth comp

/vPOSt/mi/preauthcomp/

allowed

merchant

login/password

return

/vPOSt/mi/return

allowed

merchant

login/password

return

/vPOSt/ci/return/

allowed

no access control

void

/vPOSt/mi/void/

allowed

merchant

login/password

HOST ADMINISTRATIVE PAYMENT FUNCTIONALITY

balance inquiry

/vPOSt/mi/bi/

not

merchant

allowed

login/password

host logon

/vPOSt/mi/hostlogon/

allowed

merchant

login/password

parameter

/vPOSt/mi/parametersdnld/

not

merchant

download

allowed

login/password

reconcile

/vPOSt/mi/reconcile/

allowed

merchant

login/password

test host

/vPOSt/mi/testhost/

not

merchant

allowed

login/password

LOCAL FUNCTIONS & TRANSACTIONS

accum review

/vPOSt/mi/accum/review/

not

merchant

allowed

login/password

batch review

/vPOSt/mi/batch/review/

not

merchant

allowed

login/password

cdt review

/vPOSt/mi/cdt/review/

not

merchant

allowed

login/password

cdt update

/vPOSt/mi/cdt/update

allowed

merchant

login/password

cpt review

/vPOSt/mi/cpt/review

not

merchant

allowed

login/password

cpt update

/vPOSt/mi/cpt/update

allowed

merchant

login/password

clear accum

/vPOSt/accum/clear/

allowed

merchant

login/password

clear batch

/vPOSt/mi/batch/clear/

allowed

merchant

login/password

hdt review

/vPOSt/mi/hdt/review/

not

merchant

allowed

login/password

hdt update

/vPOSt/mi/hdt/update/

allowed

merchant

login/password

lock vPOS

/vPOSt/mi/lock/

allowed

merchant

login/password

query txn

/vPOSt/ci/querytxn/

not

no access control

allowed

query txn

/vPOSt/mi/querytxn/

not

merchant

allowed

login/password

tct review

/vPOSt/mi/tct/review/

not

merchant

allowed

login/password

tct update

/vPOSt/mi/tct/update/

allowed

merchant

login/password

unlock vPOS

/vPOSt/mi/unlock/

allowed

merchant

login/password

URL Descriptions

This section describes the GET and POST arguments that are associated with each transaction URL. It also describes the results from the GET and POST methods. For URLs that produce any kind of results, the following fields are present in the HTML document that is returned by the vPOS Terminal Cartridge:

txnDate

Date of the transaction (mm/dd/yy or dd/mm/yy)

txnTime

Time of the transaction (hh:mm:ss GMT or hh:mm:ss

local time)

merchantld

Merchant ID of the merchant using the vPOS terminal

terminalId

vPOS Terminal Id

txnNum

Transaction number of the given transaction

txnType

Type of transaction

For URLs that deal with financial transactions, the following fields are present in the HTML document that is returned by the vPOS terminal cartridge:

txnAmount

Transaction amount that is being authorized, forced

posted, voided, etc.

poNumber

Purchase order number

authIdentNum

Authorization ID number for the transaction

retRefNum

Retrieval reference number for the given transaction

piInfo

Payment instrument information. This varies for different

payment instruments. For example, in the case of credit

cards, the credit card number (piAcctNumber) and

expiration date (piExpDate) are returned.

Accumulate Review

URL Functionality: This is a local information inquiry function that retrieves the local (merchant's) transaction totals (accumulators).

GET Arguments: None.

GET Results: Retrieves the transaction totals for the merchant. Currently, the total is returned as an HTML document. The transaction totals currently returned are:

creditAmt

Total Credit Amount since the last settlement logged in the

vPOS terminal

creditCnt

Total Credit Count since the last settlement logged in the

vPOS terminal

debitAmt

Total Debit Amount since the last settlement logged in the

vPOS terminal

debitCnt

Total Debit Count since the last settlement logged in the

vPOS terminal

Note: Accum Review is a local function, as opposed to Balance Inquiry which is done over the Internet with the host.

Adjust

URL Functionality: Corrects the amount of a previously completed transaction.

GET Arguments: None

GET Results: Because the Adjust transaction modifies data on the merchant server, the POST method should be used. Using the GET method returns an HTML form that uses the POST method to perform the transaction.

POST Arguments:

pvsTxnNum

Previous transaction number

txnAdjustedAmount

The adjusted transaction amount. Note that the

original transaction amount is easily retrievable from

the previous transaction number.

POST Results: On success, pvsTxnNum and txnAdjustedAmount are presented in the HTML document, in addition to the transaction fields described above.

Auth Capture

URL Functionality: This transaction is a combination of Auth Only (Authorization without capture) and Forced Post transactions.

GET Arguments: None

GET Results: Because the Auth Capture transaction modifies data on the merchant server side, the POST method should be used. Using the GET method returns an HTML form that uses the POST method to perform the transaction.

POST Arguments:

piAcctNumber

Payment Instrument account number, e.g., Visa credit

card number

piExpDate

Expiration date

txnAmt

Transaction amount

POST Results: On success, an HTML document that contains the transaction fields described above is returned. On failure, an HTML document that contains the reason for the failure of the transaction is returned. The transaction is logged into a vPOS Terminal transaction log for both instances.

Auth Only

URL Functionality: Validates the cardholder's account number for a Sale that is performed at a later stage. The transaction does not confirm the sale to the host, and there is no host data capture. The vPOS captures this transaction record and later forwards it to confirm the sale in the Forced Post transaction request.

GET Arguments: None.

GET Results: Because the Auth Only transaction modifies data on the merchant server side, the POST method should be used. Using the GET method returns an HTML form that uses the POST method to perform the transaction.

POST Arguments:

piAcctNumber

Payment Instrument account number, e.g., Visa credit

card number

piExpDate

Expiration date

txnAmt

Transaction amount

POST Results: On success, an HTML document that contains the transaction fields is returned. On failure, an HTML document that contains the reason for the failure of the transaction is returned. The transaction is logged into vPOS Terminal transaction log for both instances.

NOTE: The /vPOSt/ci/authonly/ URL should be used for customer-initiated transactions. /vPOSt/mi/authonly/ should be used for merchant-initiated transactions.

Balance Inquiry

URL Functionality: Performs an on-line inquiry or the merchant's balance.

GET Arguments: None

GET Results:

mrchtBlnceAmt

Merchant balance amount for a given merchant. The

balance amount at any given time is the difference

between the credit and debit amount since the last

settlement between the merchant and the acquirer.

Batch Review

URL Functionality: Retrieves all records from the transaction log or the batch.

GET Arguments: None

GET Results: The GET method retrieves the transactions that have been batched in the vPOS terminal for future reconciliation. The batch can be cleared from the vPOS terminal after a manual reconciliation between the acquirer and the vPOS. The batch data is retrieved as a set of records and is formatted as a table in the HTML document. The following fields are present in a typical record:

GET Results: The GET method returns a default HTML form that contains the current configuration values. The form can be modified and posted using the /vPOSt/mi/cdt/update/URL to update the card definition table. Not all fields in the card definition table are editable. The following fields are returned in a form to the user:

nHostIndex

Index into the Host Definition Table or the Acquirer

that maps to this card issuer.

szPANLo

Low end of the PAN (Primary Account Number) range

szPANHi

High end of the PAN range

nMaxPANDigit

Maximum number of digits in the PAN for this

acquirer.

NMinPANDigit

Minimum number of dits in the PAN for the acquirer

szCardLabel

Card Issuer's name

Transactions

Specifies if a particular transaction is allowed for a

Available bit

given card range.

vector

(Some of these fields are not editable by a merchant, and still need to be determined.)

GET Results: The GET method returns a default HTML form that contains the current configuration values. The form can be filled out and posted using the /vPOSt/mi/cdt/update URL to update the card definition table.

POST Arguments: (Editable CDT fields need to be decided.)

POST Results: (Depends on editable CDT fields, and therefore needs to be decided.)

Clear Accumulator

URL Functionality: Zeroes out the accumulator totals currently resident in the vPOS terminal.

GET Arguments: None.

GET Results: Presents a form that uses the POST method to zero the accumulators.

POST Arguments: None.

POST Results: Zeroes the accumulators/transaction totals in the vPOS terminal.

Clear Batch

URL Functionality: Zeroes out the transaction logs currently batched in the vPOS terminal.

GET Arguments: None.

GET Results: Presents a form that uses the POST method to clear the batch.

POST Arguments: None.

POST Results: Zeroes the transactions that comprise the batch in the vPOS terminal.

Forced Post

URL Functionality: Confirms to the host the completion of a sale, and requests for data capture of the transaction. This is used as a follow-up transaction after doing an Authorization (Online or Off-line) transaction.

GET Arguments: None.

GET Results: Returns the HTML form for performing the Forced Post transaction.

POST Arguments:

pvsTxnNum

the previous transaction number from an auth only

transaction

POST Results: On success, pvsTxnNum is presented in the HTML document. On failure, an HTML document is returned that contains the reason for the failure of the transaction.

GET Results: The GET method returns a default HTML form that contains the current configuration values. The form can be modified and posted using the /vPOSt/mi/hdt/update URL to update the hosts definition table. Not all fields in the host definition table are editable. The following fields are returned in a form to the user:

szTermId

Terminal ID for this vPOS terminal

szMerchId

Merchant ID for this vPOS terminal

szCurrBatchNum

Current batch number existing on the vPOS

szTransNum

Reference number for the next transaction in the vPOS

transaction log/batch. This is generated by vPOS and is

not editable by the merchant.

szTPDU

Transport Protocol Data Unit. Required for building

the ISO 8583 packet.

InSTAN

System trace number; message number of the next

transaction to be transmitted to this acquirer.

szNII

Network International Number. Required for building

the ISO 8583 packet.

szHostName

Name for identifying the host.

nHostType

Host type

nNumAdv

Number of off-line transactions that can be piggy-

backed at the end of an on-line transaction.

Data Capture

Specifies for which transactions data capture is

Required Bit

required.

vector:

(Some of these fields are not editable by a merchant and need to be determined.)

GET Results: The GET method returns a default HTML form that contains the current configuration values. The form can be filled out and posted to the merchant server using the /vPOSt/mi/hdt/update URL to update the host definition table

Unlock vPOS

URL Functionality: Local function that starts the vPOS at the start of the day.

GET Arguments: None.

GET Results: Returns an HTML form that uses the POST method to perform this transaction.

POST Arguments: None.

POST Results: Resets a Boolean flag on the merchant server that enables transactions to be accepted by the vPOS terminal.

Offline Auth

URL Functionality: This transaction is same as the “Authorization Only” transaction, except that the transaction is locally captured by the vPOS terminal without having to communicate with the host. A Forced Post operation is done as a follow-up operation of this transaction.

GET Arguments: None.

GET Results: Because the Offline Auth transaction modifies data on the merchant server side, the POST method should be used. Using the GET method returns an HTML form for using the POST method to perform the transaction.

POST Arguments:

piAcctNumber

Payment Instrument account number, e.g., Visa credit

card number

piExpDate

Expiration date

txnAmt

Transaction amount

POST Results: On success, an HTML document that contains the transaction fields described in Section 4.1 is returned. On failure, an HTML document that contains the reason for the failure of the transaction is returned. The transaction is logged into vPOS terminal transaction log for both instances.

Parameter Download

URL Functionality: Downloads the vPOS configuration information from the host and sets up the vPOS in the event of the configuration data being changed.

GET Arguments: None

GET Results: Retrieves an HTML form that uses the POST method for the parameter download transaction.

POST Arguments: None.

POST Results: Downloads the following parameters from the host and uploads them into the vPOS terminal configuration table.

card/issuer definition table (CDT)

host/acquirer definition table (HDT)

communications parameter table (CPT)

terminal configuration table (TCT)

The various configuration parameters can be reviewed and modified using the URLs for the desired functionality.

Pre Auth

URL Functionality: Used in lodging and hotel establishments to pre-authorize a charge that is completed some time in future.

GET Arguments: None

GET Results: Retrieves the HTML form for posting the pre-authorizaton transaction.

POST Arguments:

piAcctNumber

Payment Instrument account number, e.g., Visa credit

card number

piExpDate

Expiration date

Pre Auth Comp

URL Functionality: Completes a pre-authorization transaction.

GET Arguments: None

GET Results: Retrieves the HTML form for posting the pre-authorization completion transaction.

POST Arguments:

pvsTxnNum

Previous transaction number from an auth only transaction

POST Results: On success, pvsTxnNum is presented in the HTML document. On failure, an HTML document is returned that contains the reason for the failure of the transaction.

Reconcile

URL Functionality: This transaction is done at the end of the day to confirm to the host to start the settlement process for the transactions captured by the host for that particular vPOS batch.

GET Arguments: None

GET Results: Retrieves the HTML form for posting the Reconcile transaction.

POST Arguments: None.

POST Results: On success, the reconcile function prints any discrepancies in the merchant's batch of transactions and totals vis-a-vis the host's batch of transactions in totals. The output format is a combination of the output of the Batch Review and Accum Review transactions.

Return

URL Functionality: Credits the return amount electronically to the consumer's account when previously purchased merchandise is returned. The vPOS terminal captures the transaction record for this transaction.

GET Arguments: None

GET Results: Retrieves the HTML form for posting the Return transaction.

POST Arguments:

prevTxnNum

Reference to the previous transaction number

The previous transaction has access to the following fields:

txnAmount

Transaction amount

piAccountNum

Payment instrument account number

piExpDate

Payment instrument expiration date

POST Results: On success, pvsTxnNum is presented in the HTML document, in addition to

Test Host

URL Functionality: Checks the presence of the host and also the integrity of the link from the vPOS to the host.

GET Arguments: None.

GET Results: On success, an HTML document is returned that reports success in connecting to the host. On failure, an HTML document is returned that reports the error encountered in testing the host.

Lock vPOS

URL Functionality: This local function locks or stops the vPOS terminal from accepting any transactions.

GET Arguments: None.

GET Results: Returns an HTML form that posts the locking of the vPOS terminal.

POST Arguments: None.

POST Results: On success, an HTML document is returned that contains the status that vPOS terminal was successfully. On failure, an HTML document is returned that reports the cause of failure of the operation, e.g., access denied, the vPOS terminal is already locked or is presently processing a transaction, etc.

GET Results: The GET method returns a default HTML form that contains the current configuration values corresponding to the vPOS terminal's communication parameters. The form can be filled out and posted to the merchant server using the /vPOSt/mi/cpt/update URL to update the communications parameter table. The following fields are returned in a form to the user:

GET Results: The GET method returns a default HTML form that contains the current configuration values. The form can be modified and posted to update the communication parameter table.

POST Arguments:

szAcqPriAddress

Primary Host address

szAcqSecAddress

Secondary Host address

szActTerAddress

Tertiary Host address

nRespTimeOut

Time-out value (in seconds) before which the vPOS

should receive a response from the host

POST Results: On success, the HTML document returned by the vPOS contains the values set by the merchant. On failure, the HTML document contains the reason for the failure of the invocation of the URL.

GET Results: The GET method returns a default HTML form that contains the current configuration values. The form can be filled out and posted using the /vPOSt/mi/tct/update URL to update the terminal configuration table. The following fields are returned in a form to the user:

GET Results: The GET method returns a default HTML form that contains the current configuration values. The form can be filled out and posted using the /vPOSt/mi/tct/update URL to update the terminal configuration table.

POST Arguments: All arguments in TCT Review functionality are the returned values from the /vPOSt/mi/tct/update the URL.

szMerchName

Merchant name

szSupervisorPwd

Supervisor password

fvPOSLock

1 = vPOS locked, 0 = vPOS unlocked

szAuthOnlyPwd

Password for initiating auth-only transaction

szAuthCaptPwd

Password for initiating auth with capture transaction

szAdjustPwd

Password for adjust transaction

szRefundPwd

Password for refund transaction

szForcedPostPwd

Password for forced post transaction

szOfflineAuthPwd

Password for offline auth transaction

szVoidPwd

Password for void transaction

szPreAuthPwd

Password for pre-authorization transaction

szPreAuthCompPwd

Password for pre-authorization completion

POST Results: On success, the POST modifies values of the terminal configuration table parameters. On failure, the HTML document contains the reason for the failure of the transaction.

Query Transactions

URL Functionality: Permits the merchant and customer to query a given transaction corresponding to a transaction number.

GET Arguments:

txnNum

Transaction number

GET Results: For a given transaction, the URL returns an HTML document. If a transaction refers to an older transaction, the transaction's entire history is made available.

URL results

Depending upon the method (GET/POST) as well as the success or failure of the HTTP request, different documents are returned to the user. The vPOS terminal provides a framework whereby different documents are returned based upon a number of preferences. Currently the language and content-type are supported as preferences.

A simple framework is proposed here. Each of the transaction has a set of documents associated with it: form for the payment transaction, GET success, GET failure, POST success, and POST failure.

In the directory structure defined below, documents are stored corresponding to the preferences. The top level of the directory structure is the content-type, the next level is language (for NLS support). For example, to create text/html content in US English & French, the directory structure given below would contain the HTML documents for each of the transactions. The vPOS terminal cartridge has a configuration file that allows the user to specify the content-type as well as the language to be used for a cartridge. The first release of the vPOS terminal cartridge supports one content-type and language for each server.

Data Structures & FunctionsFunctions

A brief description of the Virtual Point of Sale Terminal cartridge functions are provided below. vPOSTInit( ), vPOSTExec( ) and vPOSTShut( ) are the entry points required for each cartridge in accordance with a preferred embodiment. The other functions implement some of the key vPOST cartridge functionality. A source listing of the vPOS code is provided below to further accentuate the detailed disclosure of a preferred embodiment.

vPOSTInit()

/*vPOST cartridge Initialization here */

WRBReturnCode

vPOSTInit( void **clientCtx ){

vPOSTCtx *vPOSTCxp;

/*Allocate memory for the client context */

if (!(vPOSTCxp = (vPOSTCtx *)malloc(sizeof(vPOSTCtx))))

return WRB_ERROR;

*clientCtx = (void *)vPOSTCxp;

return (WRB_DONE);}

vPOSTShut()

WRBReturnCode

vPOSTShut( void *WRBCtx, void *clientCtx ){

*WRBCtx; /*not used*/

assert( clientCtx);

/*Free the client context allocated in vPOSTInit() routine

free( clientCtx);

return (WRB_DONE);}

vPOSTExec()

/*The driver cartridge routine*/

WRBReturnCode

vPOSTExec( void *WRBCtx, void *clientCtx)

{

vPOSTCtx *vPOSTCxp;

char *uri;

char *txnMethod; /*HTTP method*/

enum evPOSTTxn *txn; /*vPOST transaction*/

char *txnOutFile; /*Output file from transaction*/

char **txnEnv; /*environment variables values for transaction*/

char *txnContent; /*transaction's POST data content*/

WRBEntry *WRBEntries;

int numEntries;

vPOSTCxp = (vPOSTCtx*) clientCtx;

/*WRBGetURL gets the URL for the current request*/

if (!(uri = WRBGetURL( WRBCtx)))

return (WRB_ERROR);

/*WRBGetContent() gets the QueryString/POST data content*/

if (!(txnContent = WRBGetContent( WRBCtx))){

return WRB_ERROR;

}

/*WRBGetParserContent() gets the parsed content*/

if (WRB_ERROR == WRBGEtParsedContent( WRBCtx,

&WRBEntries, &numEntries)){

return WRB_ERROR;

}

/*WRBGetEnvironment() gets the HTTP Server Environment*/

if (!(txnEnv = WRBGetEnvironment( WRBCtx))){

return WRB_ERROR;

}

/*vPOSTGetMethod() gets the method for the current request*/

if (!(method = vPOSTGetMethod( txnEnv ))){

return (WRB_ERROR);

}

/*vPOSTGetTxn() gets the vPOST transaction for the request*/

txn = vPOSTGetTxn( uri );

if (eTxnError == txn){

return (WRB_ERROR);

}

/*vPOSTExecuteTransaction() executes the vPOST transaction*/

txnOutFile = vPOSTExecuteTransaction( WRBCtx, txn, txnMethod,

txnEnv, txnContent);

if (!(txnOutFile)){

return (WRB_ERROR);

}

/*Write out the file*/

vPOSTWriteFile( txnOutFile );

return (WRB_DONE);

}

vPOSTGetTxn()

enum evPOSTTxn

vPOSTGetTxn( char *uri )

{

/*

*The function scans the uri and extracts the string

*corresponding to the transaction and returns it to the

*caller.

*/

}

Transaction Log format

This section describes the format of a record for the transaction log for the vPOST cartridge.

Field Name

Field Description

nTransType

Transaction Type

nPurchOrderNo

Purchase Order Number

szAcctNum

Payment Instrument Account number

szExpDate

Payment instrument expiration date

szTransAmt

Transaction amount

szTransDate

Date of transaction (configurable to be mm/dd/yy

or dd/mm/yy)

szTransTime

Time of transaction (configurable to be GMT or

local time)

szRetrievalRefNum

Retrieval reference number

szAuthId

Authorization ID

szOrigAmt

Original transaction amount

szBatchNum

Batch number to which this particular transaction

belongs in the vPOST batch

nCurrencyType

Currency

lnTransNum

Transaction number

In the block diagram shown in FIG. 15B, the vPOS provides an interface for transactions which are initiated both by the consumer and the merchant. The merchant initiates a transaction from a Graphical User Interface (GUI) 1550 and all the transactions that are initiated by the consumer are routed by the Merchant WEB Server 1545.

The Authorization/Data Capture Module 1560 processes the requests originated by the merchant or the consumer and routes them to the Protocol Module 1565. The Protocol Module is responsible for building the payment protocol request packet (e.g., an SSL-encapsulated ISO 8583 packet) 1570 before sending the request to the Gateway 1579. Then, the Gateway 1579 awaits a response from the Protocol Module 1565, and upon receiving the response, the Gateway 1579 parses the data and provides unwrapped data to the Authorization/Data-Capture Module 1560. The Authorization/Data-Capture Module 1560 analyzes the response and updates the Transaction Log 1580. The Transaction Log 1580 contains information concerning any successfully completed transactions and the accumulators or the transaction totals. The vPOS terminal creates and maintains the Transaction Log 1580, and the vPOS Configuration Data 1585 contains information which is used to configure the behavior of the vPOS. The entire vPOS functionality is thread-safe and hence using the vPOS in a multi-threaded environment does not require any additional interfacing requirements.

FIGS. 36-48 are vPOS screen displays in accordance with a preferred embodiment.

Payment Functionality

As discussed above, the different Payment Functionality provided by the vPOS terminal can be divided into two main categories as “Merchant Initiated” and “Consumer Initiated.” Some of these transactions require communication with the Gateway and these transactions are referred to as “Online Transactions.” The transactions which can be done locally to the merchant without having to communicate are referred to as “Local Functions/Transactions.” In order to provide support for many different types of Payment Instruments, the vPOS Payment Functionality have been categorized.

Host payment functionality and transactions require communication with the host either immediately or at a later stage. Each of the host financial payment transactions come to this category and require a Payment Instrument. These transactions can be initiated with different types of Payment Instruments which the vPOS terminal supports.

An authorization without capture transaction is used to validate the card holder's account number for a sale that needs to be performed at a later stage. The transaction does not confirm a sale's completion to the host, and there is no host data capture in this event. The vPOS captures this transaction record and later forwards it to the host to confirm the sale in a forced post transaction request. An authorization without capture transaction can be initiated both by the consumer and the merchant.

A forced post transaction confirms to a host computer that a completion of a sale has been accomplished and requests data capture of the transaction. The forced post transaction is used as a follow-up transaction after doing an authorization (Online or Off-line) transaction. The transaction can be initiated only by the merchant.

The authorization with post transaction is a combination of authorization without capture and forced post transactions. This transaction can be initiated both by the consumer and the merchant.

The offline post transaction is identical to the “authorization without capture” transaction, except that the transaction is locally captured by the vPOS without initiating communication with a host. A forced post operation is done as a follow-up operation of this transaction. This transaction can be initiated by both the consumer and the merchant.

The return transaction is used to credit the return amount electronically to the consumer's account when a purchased merchandise is returned. The vPOS captures the return transaction record when the merchandise is returned, and this transaction can be initiated only by the merchant.

The void transaction cancels a previously completed draft capture transaction. The vPOS GUI provides an interface for retrieving a transaction record required to be voided from the batch and passes it to the Authorization/ Data-Capture module after confirmation. The batch record is updated to reflect the voided transaction after getting an approval from the gateway. This transaction can be initiated only by the merchant.

The pre-authorization transaction is identical to the authorization without capture transaction, but the consumers' “open-to-buy” amount is reduced by the pre-authorization amount. An example of this type of transaction is the “check-in” transaction in a hotel environment. A check-in transaction sends a pre-authorization request to the host, so that an amount required for the customers' stay in the hotel is reserved. The pre-authorization transaction is followed by a pre-authorization complete transaction. This transaction can be initiated both by the consumer and the merchant.

The pre-authorization complete transaction is done as a follow-up to the pre-authorization transaction. This transaction informs the host of the actual transaction amount. The pre-authorization complete transaction amount could be more or less than the pre-authorization amount. An example is the “check-out” transaction in a hotel environment. The check-out amount can be less than or more than the check-in amount. This transaction can only be initiated by a merchant.

The adjust transaction is initiated to make a correction to the amount of a previously completed transaction. The adjust transaction can be initiated only by the merchant. The host administrative transactions do not require any payment instrument. The balance inquiry transaction is used for on-line inquiry into the balance of the merchant's account. The batch data or the configuration data is not affected by this transaction.

The reconciliation or close transaction is processed at the end of the day to start the settlement process for the transactions captured by the host for that particular vPOS.

The host log-on transaction is an administrative transaction which is used to synchronize the vPOS with the host at the start of the day and also initiate a fresh batch at the vPOS terminal.

The parameters download transaction is used to download the vPOS configuration information from the host and set-up the vPOS in the event of any change in the configuration data. A test transaction is used to detect the presence of a host and the status of a link from the vPOS to the host.

Local transactions or functions are initiated by a merchant and do not require communication with the gateway. These transactions can only be initiated by a merchant. The totals or accumulators review is a local information inquiry function and is used to retrieve the local (merchant's) totals. The detail transaction or the batch review function is used to retrieve all the records from the transaction log or the batch. The clear batch function is used to start a fresh batch. This transaction is utilized to electronically reconcile the vPOS with the host and to manually reconcile the vPOS with the host. After completing the manual reconciliation processing, the merchant can initiate this transaction to start a fresh batch.

The clear accumulator function is similar to the clear batch functionality and resets all vPOS terminal accumulators to zero. This function is required when the merchant is not able to reconcile the vPOS with the host electronically.

The vPOS unlock or start transaction is a local function used to start the vPOS at the start of the day. The vPOS lock or stop function is used to Lock or stop the vPOS from accepting any transactions. The vPOS configuration setup function is used to setup the vPOS configuration data. The vPOS configuration data is divided into different tables, for example, the Card/Issuer Definition Table (CDT), the Host/Acquirer Definition Table (HDT), the Communications Parameters Table (CPT) and the Terminal Configuration Table (TCT). The following sections explain each of these configuration tables in detail.

Host Definition Table (HDT)

The table contains information specific to the acquirer.

Attributes/

Field Description/

Field

Bytes

Comments

Terminal Identifier

ANS(20)

Terminal ID for this acquirer/host

Merchant Identifier

ANS(20)

Merchant ID for this acquirer/host

Current Batch

N(6)

Batch Number for the batch currently

Number

existing on the vPOS

Transaction

I(2)

Reference Number for next transaction

Number

in the vPOS transaction log/batch

(vPOS generated)

TPDU

AN(10)

Transport Protocol Data Unit - Required

for building the ISO 8583 packet.

STAN

L(4)

Systems Trace Number - Message

Number of the transaction to be

transmitted next for this acquirer.

NII

N(3)

Network International Identifier -

Required for building the ISO 8583

packet.

Host Name or

ANS(20)

Name for identifying the host, e.g.,

Label

“AMEX-SIN”. This is only a text string

and is used for the purpose of

identifying the host.

No. of advice

I(2)

No. of off-line transactions (advice

messages

messages) that can be piggy-backed at

the end of an on-line transaction.

If set to zero then piggy-

backing is disabled.

The following fields specify whether Data Capture Required for a particular transaction for this acquirer.

Attributes/

Field Description/

Field

Bytes

Comments

Host Protocol Type

I(2)

Host Protocol type, e.g., ISO 8583,

SET, etc.,

Host Protocol Sub-

I(2)

Sub protocol type, e.g.,

Type

AMEX-ISO8583, MOSET, etc.,

Auth Only DC Flag

Bit(1 bit)

1 = REQUIRED, 0 = NOT REQUIRED

Auth Capture DC

Bit(1 bit)

1 = REQUIRED, 0 = NOT REQUIRED

Flag

Adjust DC Flag

Bit(1 bit)

1 = REQUIRED, 0 = NOT REQUIRED

Refund DC Flag

Bit(1 bit)

1 = REQUIRED, 0 = NOT REQUIRED

Cash Advance DC

Bit(1 bit)

1 = REQUIRED, 0 = NOT REQUIRED

Flag

Cash Back DC Flag

Bit(1 bit)

1 = REQUIRED, 0 = NOT REQUIRED

Off-line Auth DC

Bit(1 bit)

1 = REQUIRED, 0 = NOT REQUIRED

Flag

Void DC Flag

Bit(1 bit)

1 = REQUIRED, 0 = NOT REQUIRED

Pre-Auth DC Flag

Bit(1 bit)

1 = REQUIRED, 0 = NOT REQUIRED

Pre-Auth Complete

Bit(1 bit)

1 = REQUIRED, 0 = NOT REQUIRED

DC Flag

Card Definition Table (CDT)

This table contains information which are specific to the card issuer.

Attributes/

Field Description/

Field

Bytes

Comments

Host Index

I(2)

Index into the HDT or the acquirer

which maps to this card issuer.

PAN Low Range

N(19)

Low end of the PAN range.

PAN High Range

N(19)

High end of the PAN range.

Minimum PAN

I(2)

The minimum number of digits in the

digits

PAN for this acquirer.

Maximum PAN

I(2)

The maximum number of digits in the

digits

PAN for this acquirer.

Card Label

ANS(20)

Card Issuer Name for identification,

e.g., VISA.

The following fields specify whether a particular transaction is allowed for a card range.

Attributes/

Field Description/

Field

Bytes

Comments

Auth Only Allowed

Bit(1 bit)

1 = ALLOWED, 0 = NOT ALLOWED

Auth Capture

Bit(1 bit)

1 = ALLOWED, 0 = NOT ALLOWED

Allowed

Adjust Allowed

Bit(1 bit)

1 = ALLOWED, 0 = NOT ALLOWED

Refund Allowed

Bit(1 bit)

1 = ALLOWED, 0 = NOT ALLOWED

Cash Advance

Bit(1 bit)

1 = ALLOWED, 0 = NOT ALLOWED

Allowed

Cash Back Allowed

Bit(1 bit)

1 = ALLOWED, 0 = NOT ALLOWED

Off-line Auth

Bit(1 bit)

1 = ALLOWED, 0 = NOT ALLOWED

Allowed

Void Allowed

Bit(1 bit)

1 = ALLOWED, 0 = NOT ALLOWED

Pre-Auth Allowed

Bit(1 bit)

1 = ALLOWED, 0 = NOT ALLOWED

Pre-Auth Complete

Bit(1 bit)

1 = ALLOWED, 0 = NOT ALLOWED

Allowed

Communications Parameter Table (CPT)

This table contains communications parameters information specific to an acquirer. The HDT and this table have a one-to-one mapping between them.

Attributes/

Field Description/

Field

Bytes

Comments

Primary Address

AN(100)

Primary Host Address (Telephone

number, IP address, etc.)

Secondary Address

AN(100)

Secondary Host Address to be used if

the Primary Address is busy or not

available.

Tertiary Address

AN(100)

Tertiary Host Address.

Response Time-out

I(2)

Time-out value (in seconds) before

which the vPOS should receive a res-

ponse from the host.

Terminal Configuration Table (TCT)

This table contains information specific to a particular vPOS terminal.

Attributes/

Field Description/

Field

Bytes

Comments

Merchant Name

ANS(100)

Name of the merchant having the vPOS

terminal.

vPOS Lock Flag

Bit(1 bit)

1 = vPOS Locked, 0 = vPOS Unlocked

Payment Instruments

As discussed above, the vPOS terminal supports different Payment Instruments and each of the Payment Functions described above can be initiated by these different Payment Instruments. The consumer making a purchase from a merchant provides a choice of payment methods depending upon their personal preference. The Payment Instrument Class Hierarchy which is used by the different vPOS terminal Payment Functions is described below.

Message Sequence Diagram

FIG. 17 shows a typical message flow between the consumer, merchant, vPOS terminal and the Gateway. This section describes the different classes listed in the previous section, their data and members, and defines the type of the transaction that is to be performed. Processing commences at 1700 when a merchant server receives a sales order and passes it via the vPOS Graphical User Interfece (GUI) 1710 to an authorizer 1720 for approval and subsequent protocol processing 1730 and ultimately transmission via the gateway 1740 to the network.

Class Name:

CVPCLTransaction

Data:

Transaction Type (int)

Transaction Date and Time (CPCLDateTime)

Card Definition Table (CVPCL_CDT)

Host Definition Table (CVPCL_HDT)

Communications Parameters Table (CVPCL_CPT)

Terminal Configuration Parameters (CVPCL_TCT)

Batch Record (CVPCLBatch)

Accumulator Record (CVPCLAccum)

Member Functions:

CVPCLTransaction( );

EStatus GetTransType( );

EStatus GetTransDateTime(CPCLDateTime&);

EStatus SetTransType(const int);

virtual EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *)=0;

virtual EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *)=0;

virtual EStatus ShutDown( )=0;

Host Transaction Class Definitions

This section contains all the host transaction class definitions.

Host Transaction Class (CVPCLHostTrans)

This is an abstract base class derived from the CVPCLTransaction class and is used for deriving transaction classes which need to communicate with the host either immediately or at a later stage.

Class Name:

CVPCLHostTrans

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCLHostTrans( );

Financial Transaction Class (CVPCLFinancialTrans)

This is an abstract base class derived from the CVPCLHostTrans. This class is used to derive transaction classes which require a payment instrument (e.g., a Credit Card) associated with them to perform the transaction.

Class Name:

CVPCLFinancialTrans

Data:

Transaction Amount (CVPCLAmt)

Purchase Order Number (char[]])

Transaction Number (char[])

Authorization Identification Number (char[])

Retrieval Reference Number (char[])

Batch (CVPCLBatch)

Accumulators (CVPCLAccumulators)

Member Functions:

CVPCLFinancialTrans( );

EStatus GetTransAmt(CVPCLAmt&);

EStatus GetPurchOrderNum(char *);

EStatus GetTransRefNum(char *);

EStatus GetRetRefNum(char *);

EStatus GetAuthId(char *);

EStatus GetCurrencyType(EPCLCurrency *);

EStatus SetPurchOrderNum(const char *);

EStatus SetTransRefNum(const char *);

EStatus SetRetRefNum(const char *);

EStatus SetAuthId(const char *);

EStatus SetCurrencyType (const char *)

Financial Credit Card Transaction Class (CVPCLFinCCTrans)

This is the base abstract class for the financial host transaction which require a Credit Card payment instrument. This class is derived from the CVPCLFinancialTrans.

Class Name:

CVPCLFinCCTrans

Data:

Credit Card Payment Instrument (CPCLCreditCard)

Member Functions:

CVPCLFinCCTrans( );

Credit Card Authorization Only Transaction Class (CVPCL_CCAuthOnly)

This is the class derived from the CVPCLFinCCTrans class and implements the Authorization Only Transaction.

This is the class derived from the CVPCLFinCCTrans class and implements the Offline Authorization Class Transaction.

Class Name:

CVPCL_CCOfflineAuth

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCL_CCOfflineAuth( );

EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *);

EStatus ShutDownTrans( );

EStatus FormBatchRec( );

Credit Card Adjust Transaction Class (CVPCL_CCAdjust)

This is the class derived from the CVPCLFinCCTrans class and implements the Adjust Transaction.

Class Name:

CVPCL_CCAdjust

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCL_CCAdjust( );

EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *);

EStatus ShutDownTrans( );

EStatus FormBatchRec( );

Credit Card Void Transaction Class (CVPCL_CCVoid)

This is the class derived from the CVPCLFinCCTrans class and implements the Void Transaction.

Class Name

CVPCL_CCVoid

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCL_CCVoid( );

EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *);

EStatus ShutDownTrans( );

EStatus FormBatchRec( );

Credit Card Forced Post Transaction Class (CVPCL_CCForcedPost)

This is the class derived from the CVPCLFinCCTrans class and implements the Forced Post Transaction.

Class Name:

CVPCL_CCForcedPost

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCL_CCForcedPost( );

EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *);

EStatus ShutDownTrans( );

EStatus FormBatchRec( );

Pre-Authorization Complete Transaction Class (CVPCL_CCPreAuthComp)

This is the class derived from the CVPCLFinCCTrans class and implements the Pre-Authorization Completion Transaction.

Class Name:

CVPCL_CCPreAuthComp

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCL_CCPreAuthComp( );

EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *);

EStatus ShutDownTrans( );

EStatus FormBatchRec( );

Credit Card Balance Inquiry Class (CVPCL_CCBalanceInq)

This class is derived from the CVPCLFinCCTrans class and is used to perform the Merchant Balance Inquiry function.

Class Name:

CVPCL_CCBalanceInq

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCL_CCBalanceInq( );

EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *);

EStatus ShutDownTrans( );

Administrative Host Transaction Class (CVPCLAdminHostTrans)

This is an abstract base class derived from the CVPCLHostTrans class and is used to derive the administrative host transaction classes.

Class Name:

CVPCLAdminHostTrans

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCLAdminHostTrans( );

int GetHostIndex( );

EStatus SetHostIndex (const int);

Reconcile Transaction Class (CVPCLReconcile)

This is the class derived from the CVPCLAdminHostTrans class and implements the Reconcile or Close functionality.

Class Name:

CVPCLReconcile

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCLReconcile( );

EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *);

EStatus ShutDownTrans( );

Host Log-on Transaction Class (CVPCLHostLogon)

This is the class derived from the CVPCLAdminHostTrans class and implements the Host Log-on Transaction.

Class Name:

CVPCLHostLogon

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCLHostLogon( );

EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *);

EStatus ShutDownTrans( );

Parameters Download Transaction Class (CVPCLParamsDwnld)

This is the class derived from the CVPCLAdminHostTrans class and implements the Parameters Download (vPOS configuration information from the host) functionality.

Class Name:

CVPCLParamsDwnld

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCLParamsDwnld( );

EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *);

EStatus ShutDownTrans( );

Test Transaction Class (CVPCLTestHost)

This is the class derived from the CVPCLAdminHostTrans class and implements the Test functionality which is used to test the host and the link.

Class Name:

CVPCLTestHost

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCLTestHost( );

EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *);

EStatus ShutDownTrans( );

Local Transaction Class Definitions (CVPCLLocalTrans)

This is the abstract base class for all the transactions that are performed locally to the vPOS.

Class Name:

CVPCLLocalTrans

Data:

Record Number (int)

Host Index (int)

Member Functions:

CVPCLocalTrans( );

int GetRecNum( );

int GetHostIndex( )

EStatus SetRecNum(const int);

EStatus SetHostIndex(const int);

Virtual POS Lock/Stop Class (CVPCLvPOSLock)

This class implements the vPOS Lock or the Stop Local functionality. Under the locked state the vPOS does not accept any transaction requests. The class is derived from the CVPCLLocalTrans base class.

Class Name:

CVPCLvPOSLock

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCLvPOSLock( );

EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *);

EStatus ShutDownTrans( );

Virtual POS UnLock/Start Class (CVPCLvPOSUnlock)

This class implements the vPOS UnLock or the Start Local functionality. The class is derived from the CVPCLLocalTrans base class.

Class Name:

CVPCLvPOSUnLock

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCLvPOSUnlock( );

EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *);

EStatus ShutDownTrans( );

Transaction Data Administration Class (CVPCLTransDataAdmin)

This is an abstract base class used to derive the classes which are required to review/manage the transaction data which includes the batch data and the accumulator data. The class is derived from the CVPCLLocalTrans base class.

Class Name:

CVPCLTransDataAdmin

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCLTransDataAdmin( );

Batch Review Class (CVPCLBatchReview)

This class is derived from the CVPCLTransDataAdmin base class and implements the batch review functionality

Class Name:

CVPCLBatchReview

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCLBatchReview( );

EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *);

EStatus ShutDownTrans( );

Clear Batch Class (CVPCLClearBatch)

This class is derived from the CVPCLTransDataAdmin base class and implements the clear batch functionality, which is used to clear the batch in the event of doing a manual reconciliation between the vPOS and the acquirer.

Class Name:

CVPCLClearBatch

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCLClearBatch( );

EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *);

EStatus ShutDownTrans( );

Accumulators Review Class (CVPCLAccumReview)

This class is derived from the CVPCLTransDataAdmin base class and implements the Accumulators Review functionality.

Class Name:

CVPCLAccumReview

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCLAccumReview( );

EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *);

EStatus ShutDownTrans( );

Clear Accumulators Class (CVPCLClearAccum)

This class is derived from the CVPCLTransDataAdmin base class and implements the Accumulators Clear functionality.

Class Name:

CVPCLClearAccum

Data:

Member Functions:

CVPCLClearAccum( );

EStatus InitializeTrans(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus ExecuteTrans(TvPOSResultsBlk *);

EStatus ShutDownTrans( );

vPOS Configuration Data Administration Class (CVPCLConfigDataAdmin)

This is an abstract base class and is used to derive classes which implement the functionality for managing the vPOS configuration data. The class is derived from the CVPCLLocalTrans base class.

This class is derived from the CPCLPmtInst class and implements the bank cards class.

Class Name:

CPCLBankCard

Data:

Account Number (char[])

Expiration Date (CPCLDateTime)

Index into the CDT table (int)

Member Functions:

CPCLBankCard( );

EStatus Initialize( );

EStatus SetAcctNum(const char *);

EStatus SetExpDate(const char *);

EStatus GetAcctNum(char *);

EStatus GetExpDate(char *);

EStatus ValidateCard( );

int GetCDTIndex( );

vPOSBool DoLuhnCheck( );

vPOSBool DoCardRanging( );

EStatus DoValidateExpDate( );

Credit Cards Class (CPCLCreditCard)

This class is derived from the CPCLBankCard class and has the same data and the methods as the CPCLBankCard class.

Class Name:

CPCLCreditCard

Data:

Member Functions:

CPCLCreditCard( );

Debit Cards Class (CPCLDebitCard)

This class is derived from the CVPCLBankCard class and implements the debit card class.

Class Name:

CPCLDebitCard

Data:

Card Holder Encrypted PIN (char[])

Member Functions:

CPCLDebitCard( );

EStatus GetEncryptedPIN(char *);

EStatus SetEncryptedPIN(char *);

vPOS Class Library Interface and API Definition

This section explains the classes which provide the interface to the vPOS class library.

Data Structures required for the vPOS Interface Class

Transaction Parameters Structure (TvPOSParamsBlk)—This structure is a subset of all the transaction parameters required for the different transactions.

typedef struct_vPOSParamsBlk

{

char szTransAmt[];

//Without decimal point.

//Left most two digits implied

to be decimal digits

char szPurchOrderNum[];

char szRetRefNum[];

char szBatchNum[];

char szNewBatchNum[];

char szOrigAmt[];

char szCPSData[];

char szAuthId[];

//Auth Id for offline auth-only

transaction

int HostIndex;

unsigned int nTransRefNum;

vPOSBool fvPOSLock;

ECPSDataType eCPSType;

EPCLTransType TransType;

EStatus TransResult;

EPCLPmtInst PmtInst;

EPCLCurrency CurrencyType;

EPCLDecimals NumDecDigits;

EVPCLAccumType AccumType;

TPmtInstData PayInstData;

union_vPOSConfigData

{

TvPOSHDTRec srHDTRec;

TvPOSCDTRec srCDTRec;

TvPOSCPTRec srCPTRec;

TvPOSTCTRec srTCTRec;

}vPOSConfigData;

void *Context;

//Context from the calling interface

EStatus (*vPOSCallBack)(TvPOSResultsBlk *, void *);

}TvPOSParamsBlk;

Transaction Results Structure (TvPOSResultsBlk)—This structure contains all the fields returned from the host and other fields which are required for doing terminal data capture.

typedef struct_vPOSResultsBlk

{

char szNewBatchNum[];

int nRostIndex;

EStatus TransResult;

TvPOSBatchRec srBatchRec;

TvPOSAccumRec srAccumRec;

char szCardLabel[];

TvPOSHDTRec srHDTRec;

TvPOSCDTRec srCDTRec;

TvPOSCPTRec srCPTRec;

TvPOSTCTRec srTCTRec;

}TvPOSResultsBlk;

The various status codes for the enumeration EStatus are detailed below.

vPOS Interface Class (CvPOSInterface)

This class provides the interface to the vPOS Transaction Class Library.

Class Name:

CvPOSInterface

Data:

Member Functions:

CvPOSInterface( );

/ / Creates the Transaction Object, takes care

/ / of other initialization and executes the transaction.

CVPCLTransaction *pclTransFactory(TvPOSParamsBlk *);

EStatus DestroyTrans(CVPCLTransaction *);

vPOS API Definition

This section explains in the vPOS API which are required for interfacing with the vPOS Class Library. All the different vPOS transactions can be initiated using the API defined in this section.

vPOSInitialize—Initialize vPOS

This API is used to start and initialize the vPOS. The API definition is disclosed below.

API Definition:

vPOSBool vPOSInitialize(void);

Parameters:

None

Returns:

TRUE or FALSE indicating whether the function call was a success.

vPOSExecute—Execute a vPOS Transaction

This API is used to execute a particular vPOS transaction.

API Definition:

vPOSBool vPOSExecute(TvPOSParamsBlk *, TvPOSResultsBlk *)

Parameters:

Pointer to the Parameters Structure (TvPOSParamsBlk)

Pointer to the Results Structure (TvPOSResultsBlk)

Returns:

TRUE or FALSE indicating whether the function call was a success.

vPOSShutDown—Shutdown the vPOS

This is used to shutdown the vPOS.

API Definition:

vPOSBool vPOSShutDown(void)

Parameters:

None

Returns:

TRUE or FALSE indicating whether the function call was a success.

vPOS Status Codes

This section details the different status codes (listed under the enumeration EStatus) which the vPOS returns for the different operations performed.

enum EStatus

{

eSuccess = 0,

//Function call or operation

successful

eFailure,

//General failure

evPOSLocked,

//vPOS locked, transaction not

allowed

//Transaction related error codes

ePmtInstNotSupported,

//Payment Instrument not

supported

eTransNotSupported,

//Transaction type not supported

eTransInitErr,

//Transaction Initialization Failed

eAdjustNotAllwd,

//Adjust not allowed on this

transaction

eVoidNotAllwd,

//Void not allowed on this

transaction

eForcedPostNotAllwd,

//Forced Post not allowed on this

transaction

ePreAuthCompNotAllwd,

//Pre-Auth. not allowed on this

transaction

eAmtErr,

//Error in the amount passed

eHDTLoadErr,

//Error during loading the HDT

table

eCDTLoadErr,

//Error during loading the CDT

table

eCPTLoadErr,

//Error during loading the CPT

table

eTCTLoadErr,

//Error during loading the TCT

table

eHDTWriteErr,

//Error during writing to the HDT

table

eCDTWriteErr,

//Error during writing to the CDT

table

eCPTWriteErr,

//Error during writing to the CPT

table

eTCTWriteErr,

//Error during writing to the TCT

table

eTCTFieldErr,

//Error handling a TCT table field

eLuhnErr,

//Luhn check failed on the account

eRangingErr,

//Card range not found

ePANLenErr,

//PAN length error

eExpiredCard,

//Card expired

eInvalidMonth,

//Invalid month in the expiration

date

eFileOpenErr,

//General file open error

eFileCloseErr,

//General file close error

vPOS Terminal Architecture

FIG. 25 is a block diagram of the vPOS Terminal Architecture in accordance with a preferred embodiment. The Internet 2500 provides the communication processing necessary to enable the vPOS Terninal architecture. The terminal interface CGI 2520 communicates via the Internet to provide information to the vPOS OLE Server 2550 which formats information in accordance with the vPOS API DLL 2560 which uses the protocol class DLL 2570 to flesh out the message for delivery to the Gateway Server 2580. The collection of the vPOS OLE Server 2550, vPOS API DLL 2560 and the Protocol Class DLL 2570 make up the vPOS Software Development ToolKit (SDK) which are used to enable vPOS applications for interfacing with an Operator 2540.

vPOS/GATEWAY Architecture

The architecture of the Virtual Point of Sale (vPOS) and Virtual Gateway (GATEWAY) architecture maintains SET compliance while providing support for additional message types that are not enabled in SET. The architecture includes isolation of cryptographic details in a single module to facilitate single version government approval while maximizing the flexibility of the system for customization and facilitating transfer of updated versions on an acquirer specific basis. FIG. 18 is a block diagram of the extended SET architecture in accordance with a preferred embodiment. Processing commences at function block 1800 for a consumer-originated transaction via the World Wide Web (WWW) or 1810 for a merchant-originated transaction on the Internet. In either case control passes immediately to the WWW server 1820 for the transaction to be appropriately formatted and the appropriate interface page presented, whether the transaction is a store front 1822, shopping cart 1824, pay page 1826, standard terminal administration 1828-1830 transaction, or an extended terminal transaction 1834. If processing requires authentication of the transaction, then control passes through the Virtual Point of Sale (VPOS) Application Programming Interface (API) library 1840 for SET compliant transactions and through the vPOS API extensions library for extensions to the SET protocol. Then, at function block 1842, if the transaction is SET compliant, and function block 1864 if the transaction is not SET compliant, a library of protocol stack information is used to conform the message before it is transmitted to a Gateway site for ultimate delivery to a bank host 1874 for authorization.

Extended SET messages are processed at the Gateway site on a two track basis with the division criteria being SET compliance (which will change over time as more functionality is put into SET) or SET extensions. Set compliant messages are processed via the protocol statck library 1862, while SET extensions are processed via the protocol stack entension library 1864. Then, at function block 1870 the gateway engine processes SET and Host specific code including gateway administration extensions 1872 that bypass the normal processing and flow directly from the merchant and consumer server 1820 to the gateway administration extensions 1872 to the Gateway Engine 1870.

As described above, there are three channels by which messages are exchanged between vPOS 1846 and GATEWAY 1856.

1. Standard SET messages

The standard SET messages are originated by the merchant software either via a pay page 1826 directly controlled by the consumer, or via an operator interface consisting of a set of HTML pages and associated executables launched by the pages (e.g. pay page 1826 and standard terminal administration 1828-1830.)

Each SET message type (e.g., authorization v. capture) transmits a different set of data and each requires a different Protocol Data Unit (PDU) to describe its encoding. Examples of how Standard SET messages are encoded are given in the SET documentation previously incorporated by reference.

2. Extended SET messages

The Extended SET messages are utilized as an “escape mechanism” to implement acquirer-specific messages such as settlement/reconciliation, employee logon/logoff, and parameter download. The messages are developed as a set of name-value pairs encapsulated in a PKCS-7 wrapper and wrapped in Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME), described in a book by N. Borenstein & N. Freed, “RFC 1521: MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing the Format of Internet Message Bodies” (September 1993). The name-value pairs can have arbitrary (8-bit) data, so arbitrary items can be passed through the extended SET channel, including executable programs and Dynamic Load Libraries (DLL)s.

FIG. 18B illustrates a multipart MIME message with one Extended SET message and one Standard SET authorizing message. MIME is utilized as an outer wrapper 1890 to allow an Extended SET message 1891 to be transmitted as a component of messages embedded in one MIME multipart message. In this manner, a standard SET message can be sent with an Extended SET message in one vPOS/GATEWAY communication transaction.

Embedding the Extended SET messages in a PKCS-7 wrapper enables the same message authentication to occur as in standard SET messages. Thus, for SET-compliant and non-SET-compliant messages, the same mechanism may be used to restrict which entities the vPOS or Gateway will trust in any communications. An important concept in Extended SET is that all messages, of any type, are sent in a uniform name/value pair format, thus allowing a single Protocol Data Unit to suffice for any type of message sent through the Extended SET channel. Since arbitrary data may be sent this way, a mechanism must be provided to preclude the use of the Extended SET channel by parties other than approved financial institutions. If this is not ensured, then the NSA and the US Department of Commerce will not approve the software for export.

SET itself to some degree ensures that this Extended SET channel is used only by financial institutions. The protocol stack extension library only processes messages that have been signed by a financial institution SET certificate that is in turn signed by a payment instrument brand certificate (such as Visa or MasterCard).

Stronger control over the Extended SET channel can be achieved by further restricting processing of messages to those signed (either instead of or in addtion to the financial institution SET certificate) by a second certificate belonging to a third-party agency, either governmental or private (e.g., VeriFone, as manufacturer of the software).

In this way, a particular set of Extended SET messages can be implemented by Bank X, and a different set of messages by Bank Y. If a vPOS has an extended terminal transaction interface as shown in FIG. 18A at block 1834 for Bank X, and has been configured to only accept messages from a Gateway with Bank X's certificate, then it will be able to communicate those messages to a Gateway that has the certificate for Bank X, and accepts messages of the types in Bank X's message set. The vPOS will not be able to connect to the Bank Y gateway, or to any other system that purports to communicate via Extended SET. This restriction is further secured by utilizing a public key certificate that is “hard wired” into vPOS, and which is distributed only to gateways that use the Extended SET mechanism.

FIG. 18C is an example flowchart of message processing in accordance with a preferred embodiment. Processing commences at function block 1880 when a message is received by an HTTPS server or other listener and passed to decision block 1883 to determine if the sending vPOS has transmitted an authentic message and if the vPOS is authorized to communicate with this gateway. If the message is not authentic, then the message is logged as an error and the error is handled as shown in function block 1889. If the message is authentic, then the message is decrypted at function block 1884 and the PDU parses the message into name/value pairs. Then, based on the message type and the extended SET version information, the remaining message is parsed at function block 1885 and the message is checked for conformance to the appropriate specification as shown at decision block 1887. If the message does not conform, then it is logged and the error handled at function block 1889. If the message conforms to the proper specification in decision block 1887 then the message is translated into the appropriate host format and sent to the host as shown in function block 1888. Thus, when a gateway receives an incoming message from a vPOS and parses the Extended SET portion of the message, a single MIME message can transmit a SET message and/or an Extended Set Message.

An export license for the encryption can be obtained on a case-by-case basis, and since there will be potentially millions of vPOS's, it is desireable to obtain a commodities jurisdiction for the vPOS, to enable a single version of the vPOS (rather than one version for each bank) to be supported by the vPOS architecture. The architecture described here ensures that the single version of vPOS, no matter how it is configured with extended terminal transaction interfaces, cannot be used to communicate any data other than that contained in the extended SET messages that have been approved for export by the US government to be used exclusively for a specific bank.

FIG. 18D is an example of a simple message between vPOS and Gateway using the Extended SET channel enabling an employee to sign on, or “logon” to a given terminal in accordance with the subject invention. The message must contain the employee's logon ID, a password to be verified by the bank host computer, and the date and time as shown at 1894.

While the contents of the message are shown without encryption in FIG. 18D, it should be noted that the information (including the logon password) are SET encrypted inside the PKCS-7 wrapper 1894. Certain fields may be designated as mandatory for an Extended SET message, to allow the Gateway or vPOS to decide how to handle the message. For the sake of clarity, in this message 1894, only two fields, “messagetype” and “ESETversion”, are mandatory. These fields inform the Gateway that this message is of type “logon,” and that the vPOS is using version “1.0A” of the ESET message formats defined for the Gateway. In this embodiment, the length indicator “[5]” is used to distinguish the length (in bytes) of the field of type “messagetype” in the message. In this way, there are no special end-of-data characters, and therefore arbitrary data need not have any “escaped” characters.

It should be noted that using escaped characters will work equally well. Total message integrity is assured by the digital signatures in the PKCS-7 wrapper. This does not, however, preclude the use of other checksumming schemes for additional pinpointing of transmission or encoding errors. The messagetype and ESETversion name/value pairs facilitate Gateway look up of what name/value pairs are expected in the “logon” message. Some name/value pairs may be mandatory, and others may be optional.

FIG. 18E is an example of a simple message between vPOS and Gateway using the Extended SET channel enabling an employee to sign on, or “logon” to a given terminal in accordance with the subject invention. In response to the logon request message from a vPOS, the Gateway may respond with a “logon accepted” message 1894, as depicted in FIG. 18E, which vPOS, upon receipt and authentication, then uses to unlock the terminal for that user.

FIG. 49 shows how the vPOS authenticates an incoming response to a request in accordance with a preferred embodiment. Processing commences at function block 4930 when a message is received by the HTTPS, SET server, or other listener that originated the request to which this reponse corresponds. The message is passed to decision block 4940 to determine if the sending Gateway has transmitted an authentic message and if the gateway is authorized to communicate with this vPOS. If the message is not authentic, then the message is logged as an error or possible attack and the error is handled as shown in function block 4970. If the message is authentic, then the message is decrypted at function block 4950 and the PDU parses the message into name/value pairs. Then, based on the message type and the extended SET version information, the remaining message is parsed at function block 4960 and the message is checked for conformance to the appropriate specification as shown at decision block 4980. If the message does not conform, then it is logged and the error handled at function block 4970. If the message conforms to the proper specification in decision block 4980 then the message is translated into a standardized argument string to be passed to the appropriate executable or code entry point in the vPOS, as shown in function block 4990. Thus, when a vPOS receives an incoming message from a Gateway and parses the Extended SET portion of the message, the message may cause vPOS to execute a program that takes action or queries the user to take action.

3. Gateway-intitiated messages

Since all SET messages between a merchant and an acquirer are currently merchant-initiated (as specified in the SET documentation), there must be a separate mechanism for initiating a message from a gateway, for example to request the upload of management information base (MIB) data, or to download new parameters. This is accomplished by requiring the gateway to send a message to the merchant via a MIME-encapsulated PKCS-7 conformant message containing name-value pairs to the merchant server directly, rather than to the SET module. This channel is shown in FIG. 18A at block 1860.

The message is verified for origination from the acquirer, and is utilized to either initialize a merchant action, such as to update the merchant's administration page (for example by blinking a message saying, “PLEASE RE-INITIALIZE YOUR TERMINAL”), or by initiating a request/response message pair originating from the merchant (for example, “HERE ARE THE CONTENTS OF MY MIB”). This is achieved by calling one of the extended terminal transaction interfaces (FIG. 18A at 1834), which in turn initiates a SET or Extended SET transaction.

Gateway Customization via the Extended SET Channel

Gateway customization in extended SET is extremely powerful and a novel concept for vPOS processing. Each vPOS contains one or more “serial numbers” unique to each copy of the software (a serial number may be embedded in the software, or may be a component of a public key certificate used in the software). Once a merchant has selected an acquirer and obtained the appropriate certificates, the vPOS can be customized utilizing the communication link and messages containing customization applications.

A bank distributes vPOS via different sales channels. The first is direct from a bank to an existing merchant with whom the bank already has an existing relationship. In this case, a version of vPOS already customized for a bank is sent to the merchant, either directly by a bank, or through a third-party distributor or service bureau. The customizations may involve modification or replacement of, for example, a store front 1822, shopping cart 1824, pay page 1826, standard terminal administration transaction interface 1828-1830 or an extended terminal transaction interface 1834. This is a standard model of distribution of software that is customized for small target market segments.

The more interesting case, and the one that concerns the novel use of the Extended SET channel, is where the potential merchant acquires, through some non-bank channel, a “generic” vPOS which has not yet been customized to interact with a specific bank. This vPOS can communicate with a “test gateway”, which the merchant may use to experiment with the various features of vPOS and to test the integration of the vPOS into a total online storefront.

In order to actually transact business over the Internet, the merchant must first obtain a merchant ID from the merchant bank with which he signs an acquiring agreement. For online payment processing, the merchant must also obtain an appropriate set of digital credentials in the form of public key certificates and possibly additional passwords, depending on the financial institution. Once these credentials are obtained, the merchant is ready to customize the already-obtained vPOS to communicate with a merchant bank's gateway.

Using the built-in “serial number” certificate and the Test Gateway public key certificate (which is “hard-wired” into the vPOS sofware), it is possible to securely download a particular bank's customization applications to a specific copy of the vPOS software. Once the vPOS is appropriately configured, the last stage of customization download is to configure the vPOS so that it only responds to a public key certificate of the merchant's acquirer. This process is illustrated here in the context of a merchant who obtains a vPOS that talks to the VeriFone test gateway, and desires to customize the vPOS to interact with a gateway at a bank.

The merchant has purchased a vPOS from a non-bank channel. The version communicates with the VeriFone Test Gateway. The merchant uses the gateway to learn about using vPOS, and to test the integration of his storefront system with his payment system. The merchant also obtains certificates for payment processing from a bank, the merchant bank of choice for the merchant. The merchant is now ready to customize vPOS to talk to the bank gateway. The flowchart for the merchant interaction with the Test Gateway is shown in FIG. 50.

The merchant begins at function block 5000, where the newly-obtained merchant SET certificates are installed in the vPOS. The merchant then directs the vPOS to connect to the VeriFone Test Gateway, by selecting this option from the vPOS terminal administration home page 5005. The choice of this option invokes an extended terminal admin page from the default set of such pages supplied with the generic version of vPOS. This program guides the customization process.

The merchant, interacting with the extended terminal admin page, navigates to the list of gateways which is maintained by the Test Gateway, and selects the bank to connect by selecting from the list of banks, at function block 5015. During this process, the merchant's public key certificates are uploaded to the Test Gateway, and checked (at decision block 5025) to verify that the certificates have been signed by the bank to customize the bank for the vPOS. If the certificates do not match, the merchant is advised of the situation in function block 5010, and must select a different bank. If the certificates are not valid SET certificates as detected at decision block 5020, the merchant is advised at function block 5028, and the session terminates. If the certificates are valid and match the selected bank, customization continues at function block 5030.

The extended terminal administration program in vPOS receives a list of the customizations from the Test Gateway that must be performed to specialize the vPOS for a specific bank. Some of these customizations are mandatory, while others are optional. In function block 5030, the vPOS advises the merchant of the customizations, prompting for any choices that must be made by the merchant. The merchant's actions at this point drive decision block 5035, in which the vPOS either returns itself to the “generic” state and terminates the interaction, or begins the configuration of the vPOS, depending on the merchant's confirmation of the request to begin the configuration.

If the merchant has authorized the changes, control is passed to function block 5040 where, the POS stores the certificates of any gateways that it will allow future configuration changes to be initiated from in its database. This may be only a specific bank, such as a bank and the Test Gateway, or other combinations. If only a single, non-Test, bank-owned, gateway is allowed to download changes, the vPOS is no longer customizable for any other bank. Then, a new copy would be purchased by the merchant to have it customized for another bank. If the Test Gateway is still allowed to customize the vPOS, the merchant could switch to another merchant bank and have the current vPOS updated to work with the new bank.

In function block 5050, the customizations are downloaded to the vPOS. The downloads comprise a set of HTML pages and a set of executable programs or scripts that read data from the merchant, perform various functions, and present data to the merchant. In general, the customizations downloaded may augment or replace in part or in whole any and all of function blocks 1822, 1824, 1826, 1828, 1830, or 1834 in FIG. 18A. At a minimum, the terminal “home page” will be replaced so that it points to the new functionality. At this point, the customization of the vPOS has been completed, and the merchant may now begin sending payment requests to the merchant bank or processor through the vPOS.

Thread Safe vPOS—TID Allocation

Physical terminals process a single transaction at a time since clerks are usually only able to process one transaction at a time. Web Servers can process many transactions at a time, so payment requests can often occur simultaneously. Thus, the vPOS Software must have support for multi-tasking and provide support for multiple threads to be active at the same time in the same system as well as the same process. This requirement is relatively straight forward. However, the authorizing banks require that all transaction requests include a Terminal ID (TID), and, for many banks, no single TID may be active in any two transaction requests that overlap in time. Thus, the vPOS requires dynamic allocation of TIDs to requesting threads.

One way of providing for multiple TID's is to assign a “base” TID, and either an “extension” (a set of extra digits appended to the base), or an increment (a number which is added to the base to obtain the complete TID). While such a solution can be used for the majority of banks and processors, not all banks/processors can accomodate this solution. One example is First Data Corporation. For its ENVOY protocol, the terminal ID must use the Luhn check as recited in an ISO ransrk, which adds a checksum digit to the the terminal ID to reduce chances of fraud or of mistyped information. Thus, to be general enough to handle all bank/processor situations, a pool of TID's is used. The TID's stored in the pool need not be a sequential set of numbers; in fact they can be alpha/special/numeric combinations, and the TID's need have no relation to one another. In a preferred embodiment, a TID is represented as a token in a pool that can be associated with a particular transaction.

To provide for this requirement, the vPOS provides a TID pool in tabular form in a database management system (DBMS). This table has two colums: TID NAME & Allocation date/time. If the TID date is null, then the TID is not in use and may be assigned. A date/time field is utilized to allow TID allocations to expire. TID requests are made utilizing a SQL query on the TID Pool to find the first null or expired date/time, which is replaced with the current date/time and the TID name returned.

REMOTE vPOS

The unique archtitecture of the Cardholder 120, Merchant 130 and Gateway 140, as shown in FIG. 1B, provides communication capability between the modules utilizing the Internet to support linkages 150 and 170. Since the Internet is so pervasive, and access is available from virtually any computer, utilizing the Internet as the communication backbone for connecting the cardholder, merchant and access to the authorizing bank through a gateway allows the merchant vPOS software to be remotely located from the merchant's premises. For example, the cardholder could pay for goods from any computer system attached to the Internet at any location in the world. Similarly, the merchant vPOS system could be located at a central host site where merchant vPOS systems for various merchants all resided on a single host with their separate access points to the Internet. The merchant could utilize any other computer attached to the Internet utilizing a SSL or SET protocol to query the remote vPOS system and obtain capture information, payment administration information, inventory control information, audit information and process customer satisfaction information. Thus, without having to incur the overhead of maintaining sufficient computer processing power to support the vPOS software, a merchant can obtain the information necessary to run a business smoothly and avoid hiring IS personnel to maintain the vPOS system.

vPOS Multi-Merchant Processing

Multiple merchant processing refers to the ability of a plurality of merchants to process their individual vPOS transactions securely on a single computer. The architecture relies on each payment page obtaining the merchant name in a hidden field on the payment page. The vPOS engine receives the merchant name with a particular transaction and synchronizes the processing utilizing a Set Merchant method. This command causes the vPOS API to look up a unique registry tree based on the merchant name. This process causes the vPOS engine to engage the appropriate configuration to process the transaction at hand utilizing a Registry Tree. A registry tree contains Card Definition Tables (CDT)s, Acquirer Definition Tables (ADT)s, Merchant Definition Tables (MDT)s, Protocol Configuration Tables (PCT)s, etc. The CDTs point to specific ADTs since each supported card can be supplied by a distinct acquirer. This is one form of split connection. Each of the ADTs in turn point to PCTs, and some acquirers can support multiple parallel gateways. A merchant's name refers to a unique database in the database management system which contains for example, TIDs.

So, for example, to fully qualify a particular merchant in a multi-merchant system, the Acquirer Definition Table is queried to ascertain the particular Gateway (VFITest), then if Bank of America requires verification of network communication information, the particular CardDT is accessed with for example VISA. The particular merchant will service VISA transactions utilizing a particular acquirer. The particular piece of merchandise will also be detailed in a data base. Finally, the merchant Configurations wil l also be stored in the database to facilitate E-mail and name lookup.

vPOS CLIENT

The interaction between the vPOS and a client commences when a pay page solicits parameters of a transaction. Then, the parameters are validated to be sure the payment instrument, for example, cardnumber is not null. Then, a transaction object is created, eg. AUTHONLY, and the object is initialized and stuffed with parameters of the transaction, eg. ao.setpan(accnum), and the object is executed. This execution invokes the vPOS engine. The vPOS engine further validates the parameters based on the particular merchant's configuration. For example, some merchants do not accept American Express Cards, but will take Visa, and all merchants check the expiration date of the card. Assuming a valid and acceptable card has been tendered, then a TID is assigned (expiring, existing TIDs) or block a new TID from the TID Pool. This generates a STAN, XID, RRPID unique tag and creates an initial record in the transaction database which is flagged as before gateway processing in case the transaction crashes and must be backed out. Then the protocol parameters are identified in the registry based on card type, and a particular acquirer identified. Then, a protocol object is created and executed to extract results from the protocol object and the before gateway “bit” is flipped to again flag the location of the transaction in the process as it is submitted to the Gateway.

The results received back from the Gateway are placed into a transaction object with is reported back to the pay page and ultimatey back to the pay page user.

vPOS Merchant Pay Customization

A novel feature of the vPOS software provides payment page customization based on a merchant's preferences. This feature automatically lists cards that are accepted by a particular merchant based on the active terminal configuration. Each approved card for a particular merchant is linked to the display via an URL that provides a pointer to the credit card information supported by the merchant. Each card has an entry in a data structure referred to as the Card Definition Table (CDT).

A preferred embodiment of the vPOS merchant pay customization software in accordance with a preferred embodiment is provided in FIG. 19 which illustrates the logic utilizing a flowchart, and a listing of the source code below. Processing commences at terminal 1900 and immediately flows to function block 1910 where an index variable is initialized for stepping through each of the accepted payment instruments for the merchant's page. Then, at function block 1930, a URL key is obtained associated with the current merchant pay page and index value. The URL key is a registry key name that points to a picture of a credit card that the merchant has associated with the pay page and which the merchant accepts as payment. At output block 1940 the card image associated with the URL key is obtained and displayed on the terminal. The CDT entry is obtained at function block 1950 utilizing the URL key. The CDT is utilized for storing information associated with each card. Then, at decision block 1960, a test is performed to determine if the last payment method card has been processed and displayed on the merchant display. If not, then the index is incremented at function block 1920 and the loop reiterated to process the next card at function block 1930. If all the cards have been processed, then control is returned to the merchant program for processing the transaction at terminal 1970.

FIGS. 20A through 20H are block diagrams and flowcharts setting forth the detailed logic of thread processing in accordance with a preferred embodiment. FIG. 20A illustrates a prior art approach to POS processing utilized in most grocery stores and department stores today. POS Terminal 2001 accepts transactions provided to it one at a time by customers 2000. For each transaction, POS Terminal 2001 builds a transaction request 2002 and transmits it to acquiring bank 2004 over communications link 2003.

FIG. 20B is a data structure 2002 representing a POS transaction request in accordance with a preferred embodiment. The data structure 2002 includes a TID field 2005, which identifies the physical terminal from which the transaction originates. In addition to the TID field, the data structure also includes other data 2006 necessary to process a transaction. This data includes such fields as a transaction type, a transaction amount, a currency type (such as U.S. dollars), credit card account number, credit card expiration date, etc.

FIG. 20C illustrates a vPOS architecture with account requests being processed by a single acquiring bank. vPOS 2007 processes a plurality of customers 2000 concurrently. For each such customer 2000, vPOS 2007 builds a data structure 2010, representing the transaction to be performed for that customer. Each data structure 2010 contains a unique “virtual terminal” ID. vPOS 2007 selects a virtual terminal ID using database 2008. For each data structure 2010, vPOS 2007 initiates communication with acquiring bank 2004 using communication link 2003.

FIG. 20D is a data structure 2010 representing a vPOS transaction request in accordance with a preferred embodiment. The data structure 2010 includes a TID field 2012, which identifies a virtual terminal ID associated with a particular transaction. In addition to the TID field 2012, the data structure also includes other data 2006 necessary to process a transaction. This data includes such fields as a transaction type, a transaction amount, a currency type (such as U.S. dollars), credit card account number, credit card expiration date, etc.

FIG. 20E illustrates a TID allocation database 2008 in accordance with a preferred embodiment. Database 2008 includes a TID allocation table 2011. TID allocation table 2011 includes a plurality of rows, one for each TID used by each acquiring bank. One such row 2013 is illustrated in detail. Row 2013 includes a good/service order (GSO) identifier 2014, which identifies the order being transmitted; a TID field 2015, which identifies a terminal ID that may be used with a particular acquiring bank; and an acquiring bank field 2016, which identifies the acquiring bank for which the TID is valid. In addition, row 2013 may optionally include other fields 2017 that may be used in conjunction with the order processing. A null GSO value indicates that the TID/Acquirer combination is not currently in use.

FIGS. 20F through 20H are flowcharts of the detailed logic used to perform virtual terminal ID allocation. FIG. 20F illustrates the main line operation of virtual TID allocation. In step 2020, execution begins. In step 2021, a skeletal transaction request structure is prepared. In step 2022, the main line routine obtains a virtual TID for inclusion within the transaction request structure, as will be more fully disclosed with reference to FIG. 20G, below. In step 2023, the routine verifies that a TIED was obtained. If the TID was not obtained, for example, if more transactions are currently being processed than there are TIDs, then execution continues to step 2024. In step 2024, the transaction request is put on a queue for future processing. In step 2025, the routine waits for a transaction process to end, which would free up a TID in use. At that point, control resumes from step 2022, and the routine again attempts to obtain a TID.

If the TID was successfully obtained in step 2023, control proceeds to step 2026. In step 2026, the routine submits the transaction to the acquiring bank. In step 2027, the transaction is processed. In step 2028, the routine makes a database call to free up the TID that was used in the transaction. In step 2029, transaction processing ends.

FIG. 20G depicts in detail the process of obtaining a TIED from the database. Execution begins in step 2040. In step 2041, the routine constructs a database call to reserve a TID for processing, for example, by constructing an SQL statement to retrieve a TID row from the database. In step 2042, the routine executes the database call that was constructed in step 2041. In step 2043, the routine constructs a second database call to extract the TID from the row that was reserved in step 2042. In step 2044, the database call constructed in step 2043 is executed to obtain the TID. In step 2045, a return code is checked to verify whether the TID was successfully obtained. If the TID was successfully obtained, control proceeds to step 2046, which returns to the calling program. If, however the TID was not obtained, control proceeds to step 2047. In step 2047, the routine checks to see whether an excessive number of retries have already been attempted. If there have been an excessive number of retries, control proceeds to step 2048, which exits with an error indication. If there has not been an excessive number of retries, control proceeds once again to step 2043 to retry the extraction operation.

FIG. 20H depicts the operation of releasing a TID that had been used in a prior transaction. Execution begins in step 2060. In step 2062, the routine constructs a database call to update the row for the selected TID so that the value for the good and service order is null, thereby indicating that the selected TID is not associated with any good or service order, and is therefore free for reuse. In step 2064, the routine executes the SQL statements constructed in step 2062, thereby releasing the TID for use in future transactions. In step 2069, the routine returns to the calling program.

A source code listing for the transaction request processing is provided below in accordance with a preferred embodiment.

The vPOS is initially shipped enabled to connect to a default gateway with a single instance of a gateway defined that accesses a predefined site for testing of an installation before bringing it online in a production mode. The test installation contacts and converses with an actual gateway that simulates live transactions. After the installation checks out utilizing a set of test transactions, the test gateway downloads the pre-checked customizations to the installation so that it can switch over to the production acquirer. This download processing is enabled in extensions to SET.