If this is your first visit, be sure to
check out the FAQ by clicking the
link above. You may have to register
before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages,
select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below.

I had an interesting litter last year. Black male (yellow factored) breed to a yellow female produced 5 yellow and 5 black puppies. The interesting part was that the yellows were are males and the blacks were all females.

That is a tiny sample size
The larger your sample size the closer you will hit the mathematical norms

This.
What most people do not understand is that the estimates using punnett squares (and lab color is not a typical Punnett square) are for each pup, not the entire litter.
It is exactly like lottery tickets, no matter how many you buy each ticket has the same odds as the others. Lets say a specific breeding combination has a 75% chance of being black and a 25% chance of being yellow. Each dog from that breeding has a 75% chance of being black and that is different then saying 75% of the litter will be black and 25% will be yellow. Over time and with a lage enough sample size you would see something close to a 75/25 mix, but not necessarily per litter.
Lastly, chromosomal segregation in conception is a crapshoot and completely random. Punnett squares are just mathematic estimates.

Views and opinions expressed herein by Badbullgator do not necessarily represent the policies or position of RTF. RTF and all of it's subsidiaries can not be held liable for the off centered humor and politically incorrect comments of the author.
Corey Burke

This.
What most people do not understand is that the estimates using punnett squares (and lab color is not a typical Punnett square) are for each pup, not the entire litter.
It is exactly like lottery tickets, no matter how many you buy each ticket has the same odds as the others. Lets say a specific breeding combination has a 75% chance of being black and a 25% chance of being yellow. Each dog from that breeding has a 75% chance of being black and that is different then saying 75% of the litter will be black and 25% will be yellow. Over time and with a lage enough sample size you would see something close to a 75/25 mix, but not necessarily per litter.
Lastly, chromosomal segregation in conception is a crapshoot and completely random. Punnett squares are just mathematic estimates.

Hmm not a statt-i-tion, but flip a quarter 5 times get heads, even though it's 50-50 every-time seems like tails becomes more likely to come up unless somethings wrong with the quarter.

You can predict the probability of getting say 5 Heads in a row or 5 Tails in a row, even though the probability of an H or T on a flip is independent from the binomial. Here's an example...I hope I did make any boboos...

Very well said and correct explanation. Statistics confuse a lot of people because they think history has an effect on the next coin flip. Same 50/50 chance holds true for each individual puppy, regardless if you are, talking about sex, eic, or cnm status.