Post-Graduate Training
Residency in Psychiatry, University of North Carolina Memorial Hospital, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1976-1979.
Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1978-1980.

Certifications
Diplomat, National Board of Medical Examiners, 1977.
Diplomat, American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, 1981.