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Question:

Recently, I had a near miss with another plane
on the same runway. Although the other
pilot was at fault, I need to know exactly about the legal consequences
regarding near misses and other mishaps on airport runways.

Answer:

What you described is formally referred to
as a runway incursion, which is defined by the FAA as "any occurrence at
an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person
on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take-off of
aircraft." Unfortunately, runway
incursions are happening more often, particularly with smaller aircraft, and
lives are at risk whenever they occur. Incursions
usually occur through controller error, pilot error, or vehicle driver error. Where a pilot is at fault, anything from
distractions, disorientation, to basic incompetence may be the cause.

Following any incursion, the FAA conducts an investigation to determine
who is at fault and why the incursion happened.
If the violating pilot is cooperative, and the incursion did not result
in an accident, the FAA usually does not pursue a civil penalty action or
suspension. In such cases, the pilot may
receive a warning and have to complete corrective action. However, if the incursion arose because of a
lack of qualification, the FAA may pursue a re-examination or even license
revocation against the pilot.

To understand more about runway incursions, consult the FAA website on
general airway safety regulations. As
you have been personally involved in an airway incursion, you should also
consult with an attorney to determine any issues that might arise.