IBM Revenue Grows for the First Time Since 2012 -- 2nd Update

International Business Machines Corp. reported higher revenue for the first time in 23 quarters and signaled continued growth into 2018, giving Chief Executive Ginni Rometty breathing space as she tries to turn around the century-old tech giant.

Fourth-quarter revenue rose 3.6% to $22.54 billion from a year earlier. The last time IBM had revenue growth from the prior year was the first quarter of 2012, Ms. Rometty's first as chief.

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Several factors were key in helping IBM achieve growth in the quarter: sales of industrial-strength computers the company typically refreshes every few years rose 32% to $3.33 billion, while cloud revenue rose 30% to $5.5 billion. Also, currency exchange rates have been working in its favor lately, accounting for 3 percentage points of revenue after years of being a headwind.

IBM said it took a $5.5 billion charge related to the new U.S. tax law, pushing it into the red. In all, the company reported a quarterly loss of $1.05 billion, or $1.14 a share, compared with profit of $4.5 billion, or $4.72 a share, a year earlier.

On an adjusted basis, IBM had profit of $5.18 a share, a penny more than the $5.17 expected by analysts, according to Thomson Reuters.

James Kavanaugh, IBM's new finance chief, said the company is "ahead of track" in its previously stated goal of generating $40 billion in revenue over 12 months from newer, fast-growing businesses by the end of 2018.

"That gives us the confidence to say we're going to grow revenue overall in 2018," Mr. Kavanaugh said in an interview.

Since becoming CEO, Ms. Rometty has struggled to shift IBM from older, shrinking businesses such as selling and maintaining equipment in customers' own facilities to newer ones that promise rapid growth.

She has staked out a position helping large corporate customers integrate their operations with the cloud, and has focused on buzzy areas such as artificial intelligence and the internet-based ledger technology known as blockchain.

But growth has been elusive, as even high-profile initiatives such as its Watson AI, a collection of cloud tools as well as apps for industries including medicine and finance, haven't had a considerable positive impact on finances.

Even some of Ms. Rometty's biggest fans have lost patience. IBM's largest and arguably most prominent stakeholder -- Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway Inc., which sank more than $10 billion into buying a 5.4% stake in 2011 -- sold more than half its holdings last year. Berkshire held about 37 million shares as of Sept. 30.

Shares of the 106-year-old tech company dropped 4.3% in after-hours trading after finishing Thursday with a marginal gain at $169.12. The price stands roughly where it did a year ago, while the S&P 500 index has risen more than 23%.

While achieving quarterly growth is noteworthy, IBM is chasing what it sees as a more significant milestone: getting more than half its revenue from so-called strategic imperatives -- newer technologies such as AI that customers can access in the cloud.

Revenue from strategic imperatives made up 49% of the total in the quarter, edging toward that point at which sales of the higher-growth offerings will outweigh the rest of IBM, presumably allowing for faster growth overall.

Jim Lebenthal, a portfolio manager at HPM Partners LLC, said there is visible evidence of Ms Rometty's progress. He sold his stake in 2015 after "a lot of disappointments" but recently added the company to his stable of 20 stocks. He is betting IBM's newfound revenue growth is sustainable and that strategic imperatives will grow to more than 50% of sales in 2018.

When Ms. Rometty took the CEO reins from Samuel Palmisano in January 2012, revenue started slipping almost immediately and the threat of cloud computing to IBM's traditional businesses became evident. Ms. Rometty purchased cloud-computing platform SoftLayer Technologies Inc. the following year and committed to developing Watson into a flagship offering.

IBM's challenges now include holding on to its large customers as cloud leaders such as Amazon.com Inc., Microsoft Corp. and Alphabet Inc.'s Google beckon.

"Strategic imperative revenue may cross over the core franchises later this year," Mr. Milunovich said, "but there are a lot of industry trends working against a large incumbent like IBM."