Theorems Sentence Examples

Smith, at the request of a member of the commission by which the prize was proposed, undertook in 1882 to write out the demonstration of his general theorems so far as was required to prove the results for the special case of five squares.

As a geometer he is classed by Eudemus, the greatest ancient authority, among those who "have enriched the science with original theorems, and given it a really sound arrangement."

In 1709 he entered the university of Glasgow, where he exhibited a decided genius for mathematics, more especially for geometry; it is said that before the end of his sixteenth year he had discovered many of the theorems afterwards published in his Geometria organica.

In it Maclaurin developed several theorems due to Newton, and introduced the method of generating conics which bears his name, and showed that many curves of the third and fourth degrees can be described by the intersection of two movable angles.

But the desire to obtain general enunciations of theorems without exceptional cases has led mathematicians to employ entities of ever-ascending types of elaboration.

All the world, including savages who cannot count beyond five, daily "apply" theorems of number.

Given that such observations at the surface of the sea, at intermediate levels and at the bottom are sufficiently numerous and are of a high degree of precision, general conclusions as to the movements of the ocean may be deduced from established theorems in hydrodynamics.

B., we obtain by comparison with the middle series the symbolical representation of all symmetric functions in brackets () appertaining to the quantities p i, P2, P3,ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ To obtain particular theorems the quantities a l, a 2, a 3, ...a, n are auxiliaries which are at our entire disposal.

Now log (1+ï¿½X1 +/22X2+/ï¿½3X3 +ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½) =E log (1+/2aix1+22aix2-1-/23ax3+...) whence, expanding by the exponential and multinomial theorems, a comparison of the coefficients of ï¿½n gives (n) (-)v1+v2+v3+..

By the exponential and multinomial theorems we obtain the results) 1,r -1 (E7r) !

His mathematical bent, however, soon diverted him from legal studies, and the perusal of some of his earliest theorems enabled Descartes to predict his future greatness.

In the theory of numbers he furnished solutions of many of P. Fermat's theorems, and added some of his own.

Besides this most important contribution to the general fabric of dynamical science, we owe to Lagrange several minor theorems of great elegance, - among which may be mentioned his theorem that the kinetic energy imparted by given impulses to a material system under given constraints is a maximum.

Astronomy was also enriched by his investigations, and he was led to several remarkable theorems on conics which bear his name.

The long-sought cause of the "great inequality" of Jupiter and Saturn was found in the near approach to commensurability of their mean motions; it was demonstrated in two elegant theorems, independently of any except the most general considerations as to mass, that the mutual action of the planets could never largely affect the eccentricities and inclinations of their orbits; and the singular peculiarities detected by him in the Jovian system were expressed in the so-called "laws of Laplace."

Theorems and formulae are appropriated wholesale without acknowledgment, and a production which may be described as the organized result of a century of patient toil presents itself to the world as the offspring of a single brain.

(iii.) There are important theorems as to the relative value of fractions; e.g.

Consideration of the binomial theorem for fractional index, or of the continued fraction representing a surd, or of theorems such as Wallis's theorem (ï¿½ 64), shows that a sequence, every term of which is rational, may have as its limit an irrational number, i.e.

Notwithstanding the prolixity of writers and the number of the writings, all attempts at extracting an algebraic analysis from their geometrical theorems and problems have been fruitless, and it is generally conceded that their analysis was geometrical and had little or no affinity to algebra.

Fundamental theorems in the theory of equations are to be found in the same work.

At the same time, it delights the pure theorist by the simplicity of the logic with which the fundamental theorems may be established, and by the elegance of its mathematical operations, insomuch that hydrostatics may be considered as the Euclidean pure geometry of mechanical science.

These theorems, which hold for the motion of a single rigid body, are true generally for a flexible system, such as considered here for a liquid, with one or more rigid bodies swimming in it; and they express the statement that the work done by an impulse is the product of the impulse and the arithmetic mean of the initial and final velocity; so that the kinetic energy is the work done by the impulse in starting the motion from rest.

If, however, we defined the strength of the source by the statement that the strength divided 1 The beginner is often puzzled by the constant appearance of the factor 47r in electrical theorems. It arises from the manner in which the unit quantity of electricity is defined.

Let us apply these theorems to a portion of a tube of electric force.

Mensuration involves the use of geometrical theorems, but it is not concerned with problems of geometrical construction.

(iii) Solids of revolution also form a special class, which can be conveniently treated by the two theorems of Pappus (§ 33).

These two theorems may be stated as follows: (i) If any plane figure revolves about an external axis in its plane, the volume of the solid generated by the revolution is equal to the product of the area of the figure and the distance travelled by the centroid of the figure.

These theorems were discovered by Pappus of Alexandria (c. A.D.

They are sometimes known as Guldinus's Theorems, but are more properly described as the Theorems of Pappus.

The theorems are of use, not only for finding the volumes or areas of solids or surfaces of revolution, but also, conversely, for finding centroids or centres of gravity.

- Besides the work upon the geodetical operations connecting Paris and Greenwich, of which Legendre was one of the authors, he published in the Memoires de l'Academie for 1787 two papers on trigonometrical operations depending upon the figure of the earth, containing many theorems relating to this subject.

These theorems may prove useful in preliminary calculations where the pressure-curve is nearly straight; but, in the absence of any observable law, the area of the pressure-curve must be read off by a planimeter, or calculated by Simpson's rule, as an indicator diagram.

- +I I-x 2, which lead to theorems in the partition of numbers.

In 1851 Mr Spottiswoode published in the form of a pamphlet an account of some elementary theorems on the subject.

The work of WH may be summed up into two theorems: - (1) The text preserved in the later MSS.

The former of these theorems has been generally accepted and may be taken as proved, but the second has been closely criticized and probably must be modified.

Euclid devotes his third book entirely to theorems and problems relating to the circle, and certain lines and angles, which he defines in introducing the propositions.

C. Huygens, in his De Circuli Magnitudine Inventa, 1654, proved the propositions of Snell, giving at the same time a number of other interesting theorems, for example, two inequalities which may be written as follows 8 - chd B }- 4 chd Bsin a (chd 0-sin >chd 8+3 (chd 0-sin 0).

Are worked out more fully and generally than they were in earlier treatises, and that a number of theorems in Book iii.

In the same preface is included (a) the famous problem known by Pappus's name, often enunciated thus: Having given a number of straight lines, to find the geometric locus of a point such that the lengths of the perpendiculars upon, or (more generally) the lines drawn from it obliquely at given inclinations to, the given lines satisfy the condition that the product of certain of them may bear a constant ratio to the product of the remaining ones; (Pappus does not express it in this form but by means of composition of ratios, saying that if the ratio is given which is compounded of the ratios of pairs - one of one set and one of another - of the lines so drawn, and of the ratio of the odd one, if any, to a given straight line, the point will lie on a curve given in position), (b) the theorems which were rediscovered by and named after Paul Guldin, but appear to have been discovered by Pappus himself.

To the former belong the theorems (t), (2), and (3), and to the latter especially the theorem (4), and also, probably, his solution of the two practical problems. We infer, then, [t] that Thales must have known the theorem that the sum of the three angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles.

In a scientific point of view: (a) we see, in the first place, that by his two theorems he founded the geometry of lines, which has ever since remained the principal part of geometry; (b) he may, in the second place, be fairly considered to have laid the foundation of algebra, for his first theorem establishes an equation in the true sense of the word, while the second institutes a proportion.'

In a philosophic point of view: we see that in these two theorems of Thales the first type of a natural law, i.e.

The most important are :- Euclid's Elements; Euclid's Data; Optical Lectures, read in the public school of Cambridge; Thirteen Geometrical Lectures; The Works of Archimedes, the Four Books of Apollonius's Conic Sections, and Theodosius's Spherics, explained in a New Method; A Lecture, in which Archimedes' Theorems of the Sphere and Cylinder are investigated and briefly demonstrated; Mathematical Lectures, read in the public schools of the university of Cambridge.

He published a number of these theorems without demonstration as a challenge to contemporary mathematicians.

The preceding theorems are purely kinematical.

The full working out is in general difficult, the comparatively simple problem of three bodies, for instance, in gravitational astronomy being still unsolved, but some general theorems can be formulated.

Various important reciprocal theorems formulated by H.

The validity of the recilirocal theorems of Helmholtz and Lord Rayleigh, already referred to, is not affected by frictional forces of the kind here considered.

For proofs of the theorems here stated and for applications to the more general indeterminate equation x 2 - Ny 2 = H the reader may consult Chrystal's Algebra or Serret's Cours d'Algbbre Superieure; he may also profitably consult a tract by T.

These theorems are too absolutely stated, and require much modification to adapt them to real life.

But the truth of Ricardo's theorems is now by his warmest admirers admitted to be hypothetical only.