Lesions in the prefrontal cortex result in areduced ability to organize daily movementsand movement planning disorders. Thistranslates to difficulties with initiation ofmovement

2. Cerebellum

Damage to the cerebellum,depending on the location withinthe cerebellum, cause errors intiming and in the accuracy ofmovement. There is also animpaired multi-joint coordinationwhich manifests in a curved handpath. Disorders that are related tocerebellar damage includehypotonia, dysdiadochokinesia,tremor, clumsy movements anddelays in initiation. Specific toreach-to-grasp.

3.Basal Ganglia

4.Damage to the Basal ganglia is manifested intwo ways. The first is impaired initiation ofmovement, and jerky random movements thatare seen with Parkinson’s disorder. This disorderis related to under activity in the direct pathwaywithin the basal ganglia. The second is excessivemotor activity and violent proximal armmovements that are related to Huntington’sDisorder. This results from over activity withinthe direct pathway.

4.The Thalamus

Lesions within the thalamus can impair thepassage of information from the basalganglia and cerebellum to the motor areas.

5. The Pre-motor Cortex

Lesions in the pre-motor cortex result in an inability to usethe contra-lateral limbs. The patient has difficultyperforming based on external and internal cues and hasdifficulty initiating movement he wishes to make.

6.The Motor Cortex

Damage to the motor cortex affects movementitself. If for example the hand area is lesioned,the individual would not have control of thehand.