1. a minute blood vessel connecting arterioles with venules
2.
syncytium
a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei and enclosed in a
membrane but no internal cell boundaries (as in muscle fibers)
3.
genome
the full DNA sequence of an organism
4.
cytos

1.
epithelial
of or belonging to the epithelium
2.
epithelial tissue
membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces
of the body
3.
epithelial cell
one of the closely packed cells forming the epithelium
4.
integument
an outer protec

1.
deltoid
large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint
2.
capitulum
a dense cluster of flowers or foliage
3.
trochlear
either of the two cranial nerves on either side that control the superior
oblique muscles of the eyes
4.
coronoid process
a shar

1.
mandible
the jaw in vertebrates that is hinged to open the mouth
2.
mandibular
relating to the lower jaw
3.
mandibular condyle
the condyle of the ramus of the mandible that articulates with the skull
4.
ethmoid
one of the eight bones of the cranium
5.

1.
manubrium
the upper part of the breastbone
2.
clavicle
bone linking the scapula and sternum
3.
girdle
a band of material around the waist that strengthens a skirt or trousers
4.
scapula
flat triangular bone on the side of the shoulder in humans
5.
sacr

1.
sartorius muscle
a muscle in the thigh that helps to rotate the leg into the sitting position
assumed by a tailor; the longest muscle in the human body
2.
gluteus maximus
the outermost of the three gluteal muscles
3.
rectus
any of various straight musc

1.
mastoid
process of the temporal bone behind the ear at the base of the skull
2.
foramen magnum
the large opening at the base of the cranium through which the spinal
cord passes
3.
hyoid bone
a U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the t

1.
melanin
insoluble pigments that account for the color of e.g. skin and scales and
feathers
2.
stratum lucidum
the layer of epidermis immediately under the stratum corneum in the skin
of the palms and soles
3.
stratum granulosum
the layer of epidermis j

1.
osteoarthritis
chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints
2.
rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of the joints and
marked deformities; something (possibly a virus) triggers an attack on
the synovium by the immune syste

1.
trapezius
either of two flat triangular muscles of the shoulder and upper back that
are involved in moving the shoulders and arms
2.
buccinator muscle
a muscle that flattens the cheek and retracts the angle of the mouth
3.
pectoralis major
a skeletal m

1.
synergist
a drug that augments the activity of another drug
2.
synergy
the working together of two things to produce an effect
3.
synergistic
working together for an enhanced effect
4.
autonomous
existing as an independent entity
5.
fusiform
tapering a

1.
hyaline cartilage
translucent cartilage that is common in joints and the respiratory
passages; forms most of the fetal skeleton
2.
hyaline
resembling glass in transparency or translucency
3.
fibrocartilage
cartilage that is largely composed of fibers l

1.
centromere
a specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears
during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X
shape
2.
metaphase
the second stage of meiosis
3.
anaphase
the stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes mov

1.
physiology
the science dealing with the functioning of organisms
2.
biology
the science that studies living organisms
3.
Homo sapiens
the only surviving hominid
4.
protist
free-living or colonial organisms with diverse nutritional and reproductive
mode

1.
coronal
flower arrangement consisting of a circular band of foliage or flowers for
ornamental purposes
2.
coronal suture
the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull
3.
parietal
of or relating to or associated with the parietal bones

1.
monomer
a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
2.
polymer
a naturally occurring or synthetic compound
3.
nucleotide
a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside
4.
polypeptide
a peptide containing 10 to more than 100 amino acids
5.

1.
diaphysis
the main (mid) section of a long bone
2.
diaphysial
relating to the diaphysis of a bone
3.
hematopoiesis
the formation of blood cells in the living body
4.
suture
a seam used in surgery
5.
synovial
relating to or secreting synovia
6.
synovial

1.
prothrombin
a protein in blood plasma that is the inactive precursor of thrombin
2.
thrombin
an enzyme that acts on fibrinogen in blood causing it to clot
3.
fibrin
a white insoluble fibrous protein formed by the action of thrombin on
fibrinogen when b

1.
haploid
(genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of
chromosomes
2.
enzyme
a complex protein produced by cells that acts as a catalyst
3.
eukaryote
an organism of one or more cells with membrane-bound nuclei
4.
eukaryotic
having cells

spliceosome
A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in
splicing RNA, releasing the intron, and joining the two adjacent
exons.
ribosomes
A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the
site of protein synthesi

bundle sheath cell
A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around
the veins of a leaf.
mesophyll cell
A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath
and the leaf surface.
CAM
A plant that uses crassulac

Oxidative Phosphorylation
The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox
reactions of an electron transport chain.
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to
ADP from an intermediate subst

fermentation
A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from
glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a
characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.
cellular respiration
The most prevalent and efficien

activation energy
The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical
reaction will start.
substrate
The reactant on which an enzyme works
competitive inhibitor
A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active
site i

photorespiration
A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen, releases carbon
dioxide, generates no ATP, and decreases photosynthetic output;
generally occurs on hot, dry, bright days, when stomata close and
the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that

lactid acid fermentation
The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.
faculative anaerobes
An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present
but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
bet

wavelength
The distance between crests of waves, such as those of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
electromagnetic spectrum
The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a
nanometer to more than a kilometer.
visible light
That portion