Dr. Meg Lowman climbs hundreds of feet off the ground to reach ecosystems at the very top of the rainforest. Her research sheds new light on these extremely diverse communities of plants and animals, from sloths to butterflies to tiny tardigrades.
Experience intense, unique, and sometimes dangerous moments with scientists working in the field, as they explain first-hand the kinds of risks they take to find answers. There's so much more to being a scientist than being stuck in a lab. Watch every Wednesday for new episodes of Science in the Extremes.
Can We Perform Surgery in Space?
https://youtu.be/hemDWHsEdCw
Read More
Chasing Sloths Hundreds Of Feet Above The Ground
https://www.seeker.com/chasing-sloths-hundreds-of-feet-above-the-ground-1845324204.html
"Bryson Voirin is a canopy scientist, meaning he gets paid to climb trees all over the world in the name of science and even entertainment."
Wireless Rainforest Network Will Track the Sights and Sounds of Amazon Wildlife
https://www.seeker.com/wireless-rainforest-network-will-track-the-sights-and-sounds-of-amazon-2149077452.html
"A planned monitoring system aims to capture the true state of biodiversity in South America."
Tardigrade ‘Water Bear’ Dries to a Crisp and Then Comes Back to Life
https://www.seeker.com/water-bear-dries-to-a-crisp-then-comes-back-to-life-2010359908.html
"The aquatic animal's ability to spring back to life from extreme conditions holds promise for new medical treatments."
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Tardigrades or "Water Bears" are the only creatures that can survive the extreme conditions in the vacuum of outer space.
Watch the comments response video here! http://bit.ly/Tardigrades-Response
Read more at http://bit.ly/1tdR3PG
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Meet the tough, tubby tardigrades also known as ‘water bears’ or ‘moss piglets’. These nicknames may not strike fear into the hearts of many but these little plump, eight-legged micro-animals have some truly special abilities that makes them worthy contenders for the world’s hardiest animal.
Fact #01 – Their scientific name Tardigrada literally means “slow stepper”
They were first discovered by the German zoologist Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773 who initially dubbed them Kleiner Wasserbär, meaning "little water bear” based on the endearing way they trundle across their chosen habitat. Three years later the term Tardigrada (meaning "slow stepper") was first coined by the Italian biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani.
Fact #02 – They have survived all five mass extinction events
Yes, they have survived the Ordovician–Silurian extinction events, the Late Devonian extinction, the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event and the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.
Tardigrades now form a group of 1,150 species which belong to the phylum Tardigrada, part of the superphylum Ecdysozoa. It is an ancient group, with fossils dating from 530 million years ago, in the Cambrian period when the first complex animals were just evolving. Dinosaurs, in comparison, first appeared about 230 million years ago, making T. rex and co. the relative new kids on the block.
Fact #03 – They can survive temperatures above 150°C and below -200°C
In the 1920s, a Benedictine friar named Gilbert Franz Rahm brought tardigrades back to life after heating them to 151 °C for 15 minutes. The most heat-tolerant organisms known are bacteria that live around the edges of hydrothermal vents in the deep sea. They can still grow at 122 °C. If Rahm is to be believed, tardigrades can survive even higher temperatures.
Rahm also tested them in the cold. He immersed them in liquid air at -200 °C for 21 months, in liquid nitrogen at -253 °C for 26 hours, and in liquid helium at -272 °C for 8 hours. Afterwards the tardigrades sprang back to life as soon as they came into contact with water. To put that into perspective, the lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth was a balmy -89.2 °C in central Antarctica in 1983. The tardigrades coped with a profound chill that at which atoms come to a virtual standstill.
Fact #04 – They can reach a state of suspended animation by dropping metabolism, expelling water and forming a ‘tun’
What makes tardigrades so tough? One word: cryptobiosis. Translated literally, cryptobiosis means “hidden life,” and that’s exactly what it is: a form of suspended animation in which organisms can go on living even as they look dead. To reach this state they reach an advanced state of desiccation by dropping their water content can drop to 1-3 percent of normal and curling into a dehydrated ball, called a tun, by retracting their head and legs. While in cryptobiosis, tardigrades' metabolic activity gets as low as 0.01 percent of normal levels, and their organs are protected by a sugary gel called trehalose. This sugar forms a glass-like state inside their cells that stabilises key components, such as proteins and membranes, which would otherwise be destroyed. New research has found that some tardigrades use a class of proteins called intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) which also form protective glass-like solids.
Fact #005 – In September 2007, researcher launched two species of dehydrated tardigrades into space. After 10 days in orbit, most of the specimens in one species were revived within 30 minutes of being rehydrated.
Back in September of 2007, researchers from Sweden’s Kristianstad University launched two species of dehydrated tardigrades aboard ESA’s FOTON-M3, an unmanned mission that carried varieties of experimental payload. After ten days of orbiting, the FOTON-M3 satellite made its way safely to the Earth. The scientists found that majority of the specimens in one species (around 68 percent) were successfully revived after just 30 minutes of being rehydrated. These specimens even went on to hatch their eggs.
Water bear don’t care.
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Music Credit: Jazz Beat by TROMABEATS (https://soundcloud.com/tromabeats/)
Video Credits (Timestamp/Video link/Channel):
00:10 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGCoeOwG4qA (Ragdoll Studio LLC)
00:14 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2gOcQMJQB8 (National Geographic)
00:25 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8Ij9xboreA (Dinosaurs)
00:34 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjV2WP0wkvo (Industrial0MotionArt)
00:43 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecaZFSwMkXI (Craig Smith)
00:49 - http://youtube.com/watch?v=3nFee4iu5Us (Daiki D. Horikawa)
Thumbnail Image Credit: Ragdoll Studios LLC (see above)

Meet the water bear, the world thoughest animal. Measuring only some 0.1 to 1.5mm, this tiny creature resembles a minature bear. Read all about it at http://mudfooted.com/water-bear-world-toughest-animal/
Watch more fascinating animal video's at http://www.youtube.com/user/Mudfooted

Reactants and products in reversible and irreversible chemical reactions.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/water-acids-and-bases/hydrogen-bonding-in-water/v/hydrogen-bonding-in-water?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=biology
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/chemistry--of-life/chemical-bonds-and-reactions/v/intermolecular-forces-and-molecular-bonds?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=biology
Biology on Khan Academy: Life is beautiful! From atoms to cells, from genes to proteins, from populations to ecosystems, biology is the study of the fascinating and intricate systems that make life possible. Dive in to learn more about the many branches of biology and why they are exciting and important. Covers topics seen in a high school or first-year college biology course.
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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptobiosis
00:00:35 1 Forms
00:00:44 1.1 Anhydrobiosis
00:05:07 1.2 Anoxybiosis
00:09:15 1.3 Chemobiosis
00:09:35 1.4 Cryobiosis
00:10:27 1.5 Osmobiosis
00:10:59 2 Examples
00:12:09 3 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
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Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
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Speaking Rate: 0.7814145671317285
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Cryptobiosis is a metabolic state of life entered by an organism in response to adverse environmental conditions such as desiccation, freezing, and oxygen deficiency. In the cryptobiotic state, all measurable metabolic processes stop, preventing reproduction, development, and repair. When environmental conditions return to being hospitable, the organism will return to its metabolic state of life as it was prior to the cryptobiosis.

Trehalose, also known as mycose or tremalose, is a natural alpha-linked disaccharide formed by an α,α-1,1-glucoside bond between two α-glucose units. In 1832, H.A.L. Wiggers discovered trehalose in an ergot of rye, and in 1859 Marcellin Berthelot isolated it from trehala manna, a substance made by weevils, and named it trehalose. It can be synthesised by bacteria, fungi, plants, and invertebrate animals. It is implicated in anhydrobiosis — the ability of plants and animals to withstand prolonged periods of desiccation. It has high water retention capabilities, and is used in food and cosmetics. The sugar is thought to form a gel phase as cells dehydrate, which prevents disruption of internal cell organelles, by effectively splinting them in position. Rehydration then allows normal cellular activity to be resumed without the major, lethal damage that would normally follow a dehydration/rehydration cycle. Trehalose has the added advantage of being an antioxidant.
Extracting trehalose was once a difficult and costly process, but circa the year 2000, the Hayashibara company confirmed an inexpensive extraction technology from starch for mass production.
This video is targeted to blind users.
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Some animals have superpowers seemingly straight out of a comic book!
10 Superhero Powers of the Animal Kingdom:
http://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/10-animal-superpowers.htm
Video Attribution:
The Princess Bride Blu-ray CLIP - Have Fun Storming The Castle (2012) - Cary Elwes Movie HD
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRsSYpN093c
Boss fight idea for Marvel Heroes - Mr. Sinister and Multiple Man
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lj-lEAxFHgE
Mimic Octopus
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JccVCLD2bY
Music Attribution:
"The Great Break-off" by The Insider
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDxxFlBaIdE
Image Attribution:
Tardigrade 1
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Waterbear_%28Tardigrade%29_from_the_drainage_of_a_hot_spring_in_Lassen_County%2C_California_-_Stacked_Macro_10x.jpg
Tardigrade 2
https://www.flickr.com/photos/saguaronps/6289953860
Tardigrade 3
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/SEM_image_of_Milnesium_tardigradum_in_active_state_-_journal.pone.0045682.g001-2.png
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Animals are amazing. Right? They can do all sorts of strange, fascinating things. Some even have super powers – extraordinary abilities that sound like something out of a comic book.
First, there’s the seemingly innocent wood frog, or Rana sylvatica. Pretty boring, huh? Most of its days are spent doing, you know, frog stuff like jumping & climbing. Nothing to see here. Until, that is, the first sign of freeze. Then they become the Rip Van Winkles of amphibians. As soon as they feel serious cold, they freeze. Literally. The water in their bodies turns to ice, while the syrup-like liquid inside their cells remains viscous. A wood frog seems dead: no organ function, no breath. But to paraphrase The Princess Bride, this frog is only mostly dead. Once spring comes, it springs to life, no harm done.
Then there are water bears. Don’t let the cutesy name fool you. Also called Tardigrades, these guys are the opposite of cuddly. See that? Good thing they’re microscopic. They can adapt to the craziest environments on (and off) the planet. We’re talking pressures more than six times that of the deepest ocean and water temperatures of 300 degrees F. They can even survive in space. This super power, cryptobiosis, allows a water bear to dehydrate and live for years. Once you add water, boom: Back in action. Kind of like a sea monkey.
But do water bears learn anything? The planarian certainly does. This flatworm lives in water around the globe, and it has super memory. If you cut off any part of a planarian, each part can regenerate into a new worm. But that’s not all. One study "taught" a planarian to be attracted to light. Researchers guillotined it and waited for a new head to grow back. The worm with a new head and brain kept the attraction to light, meaning the new brain had old memories. It’s a real-life version of the Jamie Madrox, the Multiple Man from Marvel comics.
Then there’s the naked mole rat, or Heterocephalus glaber. This creature hides amazing abilities under its wrinkly skin. Science magazine named it Vertebrate of the Year in 2013. Why? Well, it seems to be immune to cancer. Mole rats have a heavy form of the substance hyaluronon between tissues that impedes tumors, which may partially explain why they can live up to 30 years.
Last but not least, we’ve got the mimic octopus, or Thaumoctopus mimicus: a shape-shifter, like Mystique in the X-men films. Many members of the octopus family change colors or skin texture. But the mimic takes this a step further and actually impersonates other animals, from sea snakes to lionfish. Researchers believe that the mimic decides which animals are most suitable to imitate at any given time based on the threat.
And that’s just scratching the surface. If you’d like to learn more about everything from hairy Wolverine frogs to beetles with super strength, check out our article “10 Superhero Powers of the Animal Kingdom” – and be sure to subscribe for more What The Stuff every week.

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen
00:03:28 1 Pronunciation and etymology
00:04:12 2 Growth forms
00:08:12 2.1 Color
00:10:52 2.2 Internal structure and growth forms
00:17:48 3 Physiology
00:17:57 3.1 Symbiotic relation
00:23:55 3.2 Ecology
00:25:17 3.2.1 Miniature ecosystem and holobiont theory
00:27:10 3.2.2 Lichenicolous fungi
00:27:38 3.3 Reaction to water
00:28:08 3.4 Metabolites, metabolite structures and bioactivity
00:28:48 3.5 Growth rate
00:29:19 3.6 Life span
00:30:11 3.7 Response to environmental stress
00:32:03 4 Reproduction and dispersal
00:32:13 4.1 Vegetative reproduction
00:33:49 4.2 Sexual reproduction
00:38:05 5 Taxonomy and classification
00:40:58 5.1 Fungi
00:42:29 5.2 Photobionts
00:47:15 5.3 Controversy over classification method and species names
00:50:57 5.4 Diversity
00:52:20 5.5 Identification methods
00:53:00 5.6 Evolution and paleontology
00:56:51 6 Ecology and interactions with environment
00:57:02 6.1 Substrates and habitats
01:00:56 6.2 Lichens and soils
01:02:19 6.3 Ecological interactions
01:06:11 6.4 Effects of air pollution
01:08:36 7 Human use
01:08:46 7.1 Food
01:10:31 7.2 Lichenometry
01:12:02 7.3 Biodegradation
01:12:31 7.4 As dyes
01:13:56 7.5 Traditional medicine and research
01:15:11 7.6 Aesthetic appeal
01:16:01 7.7 In literature
01:16:44 8 History
01:18:46 9 Gallery
01:18:55 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.7898949936944959
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A lichen (, LEYE-ken but in UK often , LICH-en) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship. The combined lichen has properties different from those of its component organisms. Lichens come in many colors, sizes, and forms. The properties are sometimes plant-like, but lichens are not plants. Lichens may have tiny, leafless branches (fruticose), flat leaf-like structures (foliose), flakes that lie on the surface like peeling paint (crustose), a powder-like appearance (leprose), or other growth forms.A macrolichen is a lichen that is either bush-like or leafy; all other lichens are termed microlichens. Here, "macro" and "micro" do not refer to size, but to the growth form. Common names for lichens may contain the word moss (e.g., "reindeer moss", "Iceland moss"), and lichens may superficially look like and grow with mosses, but lichens are not related to mosses or any plant. Lichens do not have roots that absorb water and nutrients as plants do, but like plants, they produce their own nutrition by photosynthesis. When they grow on plants, they do not live as parasites, but instead use the plants as a substrate.
Lichens occur from sea level to high alpine elevations, in many environmental conditions, and can grow on almost any surface. Lichens are abundant growing on bark, leaves, mosses, on other lichens, and hanging from branches "living on thin air" (epiphytes) in rain forests and in temperate woodland. They grow on rock, walls, gravestones, roofs, exposed soil surfaces, and in the soil as part of a biological soil crust. Different kinds of lichens have adapted to survive in some of the most extreme environments on Earth: arctic tundra, hot dry deserts, rocky coasts, and toxic slag heaps. They can even live inside solid rock, growing between the grains.
It is estimated that 6% of Earth's land surface is covered by lichens. There are about 20,000 known species of lichens. Some lichens have lost the ability to reproduce sexually, yet continue to speciate. Lichens can be seen as being relatively self-contained miniature ecosystems, where the fungi, algae, or cyanobacteria have the potential to engage with other microorganisms in a functioning system that may evolve as an even more complex composite organism.Lichens may be long-lived, with some considered to be among the oldest living things. T ...

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https://youtu.be/EORNBYrBixs?list=PLR0XuDegDqP2yEk58fgohft2Z1nhcmwis
The Critically Acclaimed Artist Who Turned Out to Be a Chimpanzee
https://youtu.be/af2yvR4hVd8?list=PLR0XuDegDqP2yEk58fgohft2Z1nhcmwis
In this video:
The product of a collaboration between a marketer and inventor and a marine biologist, Sea-Monkeys are a hybrid of several species of brine shrimp (Artemia), bred to have a particularly long dormant period, as well as to foster a large swarm.
Want the text version?: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2016/07/history-sea-monkeys/
Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_von_Braunhut
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_shrimp
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/17/magazine/the-battle-over-the-sea-monkey-fortune.html?_r=0
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptobiosis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_Fish
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea-Monkeys
http://nypost.com/2013/10/06/sea-monkeys-creators-widow-sues-over-royalties/
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/columnist/popcandy/2003-07-15-pop-candy_x.htm
http://www.livescience.com/33907-sea-monkeys.html
http://digitaldigging.net/dances-with-sea-monkeys-the-highly-unlikely-life-and-times-of-harold-von-braunhut/
http://www.seamonkeyworship.com/creator.html
https://theawl.com/the-shocking-true-tale-of-the-mad-genius-who-invented-sea-monkeys-9105de87d446#.q04m52icu
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/21/us/harold-von-braunhut-seller-of-sea-monkeys-dies-at-77.html
http://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/the-dark-legacy-of-sea-monkeys/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Ray_Specs_(novelty)

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen
00:03:59 1 Pronunciation and etymology
00:04:48 2 Growth forms
00:09:26 2.1 Color
00:12:28 2.2 Internal structure and growth forms
00:20:23 3 Physiology
00:20:32 3.1 Symbiotic relation
00:27:16 3.2 Ecology
00:28:48 3.2.1 Miniature ecosystem and holobiont theory
00:30:57 3.2.2 Lichenicolous fungi
00:31:27 3.3 Reaction to water
00:32:00 3.4 Metabolites, metabolite structures and bioactivity
00:32:45 3.5 Growth rate
00:33:19 3.6 Life span
00:34:17 3.7 Response to environmental stress
00:36:22 4 Reproduction and dispersal
00:36:33 4.1 Vegetative reproduction
00:38:21 4.2 Sexual reproduction
00:43:16 5 Taxonomy and classification
00:46:27 5.1 Fungi
00:48:10 5.2 Photobionts
00:53:35 5.3 Controversy over classification method and species names
00:57:45 5.4 Diversity
00:59:21 5.5 Identification methods
01:00:06 5.6 Evolution and paleontology
01:04:27 6 Ecology and interactions with environment
01:04:39 6.1 Substrates and habitats
01:09:08 6.2 Lichens and soils
01:10:44 6.3 Ecological interactions
01:15:09 6.4 Effects of air pollution
01:17:54 7 Human use
01:18:03 7.1 Food
01:20:01 7.2 Lichenometry
01:21:43 7.3 Biodegradation
01:22:15 7.4 As dyes
01:23:53 7.5 Traditional medicine and research
01:25:17 7.6 Aesthetic appeal
01:26:14 7.7 In literature
01:27:03 8 History
01:29:22 9 Gallery
01:29:31 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.7219904997142711
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D
"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A lichen (, LEYE-ken but in UK often , LICH-en) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship. The combined lichen has properties different from those of its component organisms. Lichens come in many colors, sizes, and forms. The properties are sometimes plant-like, but lichens are not plants. Lichens may have tiny, leafless branches (fruticose), flat leaf-like structures (foliose), flakes that lie on the surface like peeling paint (crustose), a powder-like appearance (leprose), or other growth forms.A macrolichen is a lichen that is either bush-like or leafy; all other lichens are termed microlichens. Here, "macro" and "micro" do not refer to size, but to the growth form. Common names for lichens may contain the word moss (e.g., "reindeer moss", "Iceland moss"), and lichens may superficially look like and grow with mosses, but lichens are not related to mosses or any plant. Lichens do not have roots that absorb water and nutrients as plants do, but like plants, they produce their own nutrition by photosynthesis. When they grow on plants, they do not live as parasites, but instead use the plants as a substrate.
Lichens occur from sea level to high alpine elevations, in many environmental conditions, and can grow on almost any surface. Lichens are abundant growing on bark, leaves, mosses, on other lichens, and hanging from branches "living on thin air" (epiphytes) in rain forests and in temperate woodland. They grow on rock, walls, gravestones, roofs, exposed soil surfaces, and in the soil as part of a biological soil crust. Different kinds of lichens have adapted to survive in some of the most extreme environments on Earth: arctic tundra, hot dry deserts, rocky coasts, and toxic slag heaps. They can even live inside solid rock, growing between the grains.
It is estimated that 6% of Earth's land surface is covered by lichens. There are about 20,000 known species of lichens. Some lichens have lost the ability to reproduce sexually, yet continue to speciate. Lichens can be seen as being relatively self-contained miniature ecosystems, where the fungi, algae, or cyanobacteria have the potential to engage with other microorganisms in a functioning system that may evolve as an even more complex composite organism.Lichens may be long-lived, with some considered to be among the oldest living things. T ...

Please watch: "Cryptozoology. Phantimals The ghost of long-extinct animals"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjs9m0hMW3Q --~--
Space travel has to be where humanities future lays. We keep reproducing at an alarming rate and if we want to break free of the finite resources of this planet, we need more space, we need to head for the stars.
This channel covers many conspiracies including Alien life and UFOs these ships being reported to have technologies which allow them to cover the vast distances of interstellar travel, we do not.
So with this being said is there a way we could work around the time and distance problem?
Well there could be and we see it used in many movies and book
Stasis, cryosleep, and hibernation it gets a new name each time it’s used.
This technology allowing space travelers to sleep or basically be frozen in time while a massive journey takes place.
Let’s forget some of the other problems, like time still moving for those outside of the pod etc. and just look at this look as a possibility.
Are we on the edge of having the ability to freeze time for an individual?
IF
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Christopher D. Impey, Distinguished Professor, Astronomy/Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona. Presented March 8, 2011.
Our reconstruction of the chronology of events that led to the origin of the Earth and subsequent chemical evolution on our planet informs us that nothing unusual was required for the origin and development of terrestrial life, and that therefore life may be pervasive throughout the cosmos. Whether extraterrestrial life exists is so ancient and beguiling a question that humankind is actively seeking the answer in its explorations of the planetary systems in our solar system. It may one day transpire that we discover that genesis has occurred, independently, not once but twice in our solar system. At that point, we could safely infer that life is a fundamental feature of our universe ... along with dark matter, supernovae, and black holes.
Cosmic Origins is the story of the universe but it's also our story. Hear about origin of space and time, mass and energy, the atoms in our bodies, the compact objects where matter can end up, and the planets and moons where life may flourish. Modern cosmology includes insights and triumphs, but mysteries remain. Join the six speakers who will explore cosmology's historical and cultural backdrop to explain the discoveries that speak of our cosmic origins. http://cos.arizona.edu/cosmic

Artemia is a genus of aquatic crustaceans known as brine shrimp. Artemia, the only genus in the family Artemiidae, has changed little externally since the Triassic period. The historical record of the existence of Artemia dates back to 982 from Urmia Lake, Iran, although the first unambiguous record is the report and drawings made by Schlösser in 1756 of animals from Lymington, England. Artemia populations are found worldwide in inland saltwater lakes, but not in oceans. Artemia are able to avoid cohabiting with most types of predators, such as fish, by their ability to live in waters of very high salinity (up to 25%).
The ability of the Artemia to produce dormant eggs, known as cysts, has led to extensive use of Artemia in aquaculture. The cysts may be stored for long periods and hatched on demand to provide a convenient form of live feed for larval fish and crustaceans. Nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia constitute the most widely used food item, and over 2000 tonnes of dry Artemia cysts are marketed worldwide annually. In addition, the resilience of Artemia makes them ideal animals for running biological toxicity assays and it is now one of the standard organisms for testing the toxicity of chemicals. A breed of Artemia is sold as a novelty gift under the marketing name Sea-Monkeys.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video

Watch this to see what to do if your Aqua Dragons are dying.
Aqua Dragons are real live aquatic creatures that you can hatch and grow at home. Their scientific name is Artemia Salinas, and they have been living in the sea and salty lakes for millions of years; right back to the time when dinosaurs roamed the Earth! From the crustacea family, Aqua Dragons look like tiny three eyed, long tailed, hairy headed dragons that grow up to 2cm long. Their eggs have an amazing capacity called cryptobiosis which means they can dry out and stay alive only to hatch many years later. Tests have found that eggs kept in air sealed containers for up to 20 years still hatched when they were returned to water.
The Aqua Dragons line of products enables children and animal lovers of all ages to hatch and grow a generation of these amazing creatures at home.
Just add water and they miraculously hatch within just 2-3 days. Initially your hatchlings will be microscopic but within 5-7 days you should be able to see them. They are fascinating to watch as they swim and play graciously in their aquatic underwater world.

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen
00:03:14 1 Pronunciation and etymology
00:03:55 2 Growth forms
00:07:39 2.1 Color
00:10:06 2.2 Internal structure and growth forms
00:16:29 3 Physiology
00:16:38 3.1 Symbiotic relation
00:22:07 3.2 Ecology
00:23:22 3.2.1 Miniature ecosystem and holobiont theory
00:25:08 3.2.2 Lichenicolous fungi
00:25:34 3.3 Reaction to water
00:26:02 3.4 Metabolites, metabolite structures and bioactivity
00:26:40 3.5 Growth rate
00:27:08 3.6 Life span
00:27:57 3.7 Response to environmental stress
00:29:39 4 Reproduction and dispersal
00:29:49 4.1 Vegetative reproduction
00:31:19 4.2 Sexual reproduction
00:35:20 5 Taxonomy and classification
00:37:57 5.1 Fungi
00:39:23 5.2 Photobionts
00:43:47 5.3 Controversy over classification method and species names
00:47:12 5.4 Diversity
00:48:31 5.5 Identification methods
00:49:08 5.6 Evolution and paleontology
00:52:40 6 Ecology and interactions with environment
00:52:51 6.1 Substrates and habitats
00:56:30 6.2 Lichens and soils
00:57:49 6.3 Ecological interactions
01:01:24 6.4 Effects of air pollution
01:03:39 7 Human use
01:03:48 7.1 Food
01:05:24 7.2 Lichenometry
01:06:48 7.3 Biodegradation
01:07:15 7.4 As dyes
01:08:36 7.5 Traditional medicine and research
01:09:45 7.6 Aesthetic appeal
01:10:31 7.7 In literature
01:11:12 8 History
01:13:07 9 Gallery
01:13:16 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.866788828955488
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E
"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A lichen (, LEYE-ken but in UK often , LICH-en) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship. The combined lichen has properties different from those of its component organisms. Lichens come in many colors, sizes, and forms. The properties are sometimes plant-like, but lichens are not plants. Lichens may have tiny, leafless branches (fruticose), flat leaf-like structures (foliose), flakes that lie on the surface like peeling paint (crustose), a powder-like appearance (leprose), or other growth forms.A macrolichen is a lichen that is either bush-like or leafy; all other lichens are termed microlichens. Here, "macro" and "micro" do not refer to size, but to the growth form. Common names for lichens may contain the word moss (e.g., "reindeer moss", "Iceland moss"), and lichens may superficially look like and grow with mosses, but lichens are not related to mosses or any plant. Lichens do not have roots that absorb water and nutrients as plants do, but like plants, they produce their own nutrition by photosynthesis. When they grow on plants, they do not live as parasites, but instead use the plants as a substrate.
Lichens occur from sea level to high alpine elevations, in many environmental conditions, and can grow on almost any surface. Lichens are abundant growing on bark, leaves, mosses, on other lichens, and hanging from branches "living on thin air" (epiphytes) in rain forests and in temperate woodland. They grow on rock, walls, gravestones, roofs, exposed soil surfaces, and in the soil as part of a biological soil crust. Different kinds of lichens have adapted to survive in some of the most extreme environments on Earth: arctic tundra, hot dry deserts, rocky coasts, and toxic slag heaps. They can even live inside solid rock, growing between the grains.
It is estimated that 6% of Earth's land surface is covered by lichens. There are about 20,000 known species of lichens. Some lichens have lost the ability to reproduce sexually, yet continue to speciate. Lichens can be seen as being relatively self-contained miniature ecosystems, where the fungi, algae, or cyanobacteria have the potential to engage with other microorganisms in a functioning system that may evolve as an even more complex composite organism.Lichens may be long-lived, with some considered to be among the oldest living things. Th ...

An analysis of the biochemistry in Anhydrobiosis. Note* I DO NOT claim ownership of any copyrighted music or media used in this presentation! I hereby intentionally give up my right to profit from this video in ANY monetary form.

Download: http://ks.kud.li/cpu00001111
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Album: Twilight Zones [EP]
Track: 3 of 4
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Formats: 12"/Digital
Digital Release: 8th December 2014
Physical Release: 8th December 2014
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Sync 24 aka Phil Bolland is taking a break from his Cultivated Electronics label to get some well deserved binary treatment. Starting out on Andrea Parker's UK electro imprint Touchin' Bass, Phil has consistently produced electro of the highest caliber, be it his solo efforts or remixes for Morphology and Exaltics to name a few.
Twilight Zones - 4 tracks of raw electro with an experimental approach, pushing the genre into what can only be described as ice cold circuit bent funk.

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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen
00:02:38 1 Pronunciation and etymology
00:03:13 2 Growth forms
00:06:19 2.1 Color
00:08:22 2.2 Internal structure and growth forms
00:13:37 3 Physiology
00:13:46 3.1 Symbiotic relation
00:18:14 3.2 Ecology
00:19:17 3.2.1 Miniature ecosystem and holobiont theory
00:20:44 3.2.2 Lichenicolous fungi
00:21:07 3.3 Reaction to water
00:21:32 3.4 Metabolites, metabolite structures and bioactivity
00:22:04 3.5 Growth rate
00:22:30 3.6 Life span
00:23:11 3.7 Response to environmental stress
00:24:37 4 Reproduction and dispersal
00:24:46 4.1 Vegetative reproduction
00:26:01 4.2 Sexual reproduction
00:29:18 5 Taxonomy and classification
00:31:27 5.1 Fungi
00:32:38 5.2 Photobionts
00:36:16 5.3 Controversy over classification method and species names
00:39:05 5.4 Diversity
00:40:12 5.5 Identification methods
00:40:45 5.6 Evolution and paleontology
00:43:41 6 Ecology and interactions with environment
00:43:51 6.1 Substrates and habitats
00:46:50 6.2 Lichens and soils
00:47:56 6.3 Ecological interactions
00:50:53 6.4 Effects of air pollution
00:52:45 7 Human use
00:52:54 7.1 Food
00:54:14 7.2 Lichenometry
00:55:25 7.3 Biodegradation
00:55:49 7.4 As dyes
00:56:56 7.5 Traditional medicine and research
00:57:55 7.6 Aesthetic appeal
00:58:34 7.7 In literature
00:59:09 8 History
01:00:44 9 Gallery
01:00:53 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.9197823658739298
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A lichen (, LEYE-ken but in UK often , LICH-en) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship. The combined lichen has properties different from those of its component organisms. Lichens come in many colors, sizes, and forms. The properties are sometimes plant-like, but lichens are not plants. Lichens may have tiny, leafless branches (fruticose), flat leaf-like structures (foliose), flakes that lie on the surface like peeling paint (crustose), a powder-like appearance (leprose), or other growth forms.A macrolichen is a lichen that is either bush-like or leafy; all other lichens are termed microlichens. Here, "macro" and "micro" do not refer to size, but to the growth form. Common names for lichens may contain the word moss (e.g., "reindeer moss", "Iceland moss"), and lichens may superficially look like and grow with mosses, but lichens are not related to mosses or any plant. Lichens do not have roots that absorb water and nutrients as plants do, but like plants, they produce their own nutrition by photosynthesis. When they grow on plants, they do not live as parasites, but instead use the plants as a substrate.
Lichens occur from sea level to high alpine elevations, in many environmental conditions, and can grow on almost any surface. Lichens are abundant growing on bark, leaves, mosses, on other lichens, and hanging from branches "living on thin air" (epiphytes) in rain forests and in temperate woodland. They grow on rock, walls, gravestones, roofs, exposed soil surfaces, and in the soil as part of a biological soil crust. Different kinds of lichens have adapted to survive in some of the most extreme environments on Earth: arctic tundra, hot dry deserts, rocky coasts, and toxic slag heaps. They can even live inside solid rock, growing between the grains.
It is estimated that 6% of Earth's land surface is covered by lichens. There are about 20,000 known species of lichens. Some lichens have lost the ability to reproduce sexually, yet continue to speciate. Lichens can be seen as being relatively self-contained miniature ecosystems, where the fungi, algae, or cyanobacteria have the potential to engage with other microorganisms in a functioning system that may evolve as an even more complex composite organism.Lichens may be long-lived, with some considered to be among the oldest living things. T ...

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Circumstellar habitable zone
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
In astronomy and astrobiology, the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ), or simply the habitable zone, is the range of orbits around a star within which a planetary surface can support liquid water given sufficient atmospheric pressure. The bounds of the CHZ are based on Earth's position in the Solar System and the amount of radiant energy it receives from the Sun. Due to the importance of liquid water to Earth's biosphere, the nature of the CHZ and the objects within it may be instrumental in determining the scope and distribution of Earth-like extraterrestrial life and intelligence.
The habitable zone is also called the Goldilocks zone, a metaphor of the children's fairy tale of "Goldilocks and the Three Bears", in which a little girl chooses from sets of three items, ignoring the ones that are too extreme (large or small, hot or cold, etc.), and settling on the one in the middle, which is "just right".
Since the concept was first presented in 1953, many stars have been confirmed to possess a CHZ planet, including some systems that consist of multiple CHZ planets. Most such planets, being super-Earths or gas giants, are more massive than Earth, because such planets are easier to detect. On November 4, 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs in the Milky Way. 11 billion of these may be orbiting Sun-like stars. Proxima Centauri b, located about 4.2 light-years (1.3 parsecs) from Earth in the constellation of Centaurus, is the nearest known exoplanet, and is orbiting in the habitable zone of its star. The CHZ is also of particular interest to the emerging field of habitability of natural satellites, because planetary-mass moons in the CHZ might outnumber planets.In subsequent decades, the CHZ concept began to be challenged as a primary criterion for life, so the concept is still evolving. Since the discovery of evidence for extraterrestrial liquid water, substantial quantities of it are now thought to occur outside the circumstellar habitable zone. The concept of deep biospheres, like Earth's, that exist independently of stellar energy, are now generally accepted in astrobiology given the large amount of liquid water known to exist within in lithospheres and asthenospheres of the Solar System. Sustained by other energy sources, such as tidal heating or radioactive decay or pressurized by non-atmospheric means, liquid water may be found even on rogue planets, or their moons. Liquid water can also exist at a wider range of temperatures and pressures as a solution, for example with sodium chlorides in seawater on Earth, chlorides and sulphates on equatorial Mars, or ammoniates, due to its different colligative properties. In addition, other circumstellar zones, where non-water solvents favorable to hypothetical life based on alternative biochemistries could exist in liquid form at the surface, have been proposed.