Diphthongs are pronounced by slurring together the individual vowel
sounds, except as noted below.
Also note that the terms "long" and "short" refer to the length of the
sounds (in time), not to whether they are long or short like English
vowels. In emphatic speech (ceremonial etc.), long vowels should take
approximately twice as much time as short.
Doubled consonants are pronounced by lengthening the consonant's sound.

A
{A} (Alpha)

Alpha may be long or short and is pronounced O as in "not."

B
{B} (Beta)

Like English B.

{G} (Gamma)

Like English hard G in "good."
When Gamma occurs before Gamma, Kappa, Mu, Xi or Chi, it is pronounced like
the NG in "hang."

{D} (Delta)

Like English D.

E
{E} (Epsilon)

The exact quality of epsilon is not clear, but it seems to be
a short vowel like AY in "bay" but tending to E in "bet."

Z
{Z} (Zeta)

Pronounced ZD, although sometimes also DZ or Z.

H
{H} (Eta)

A long EH sound like the E in "bet.".

{Q} (Theta)

Pronounced as an aspirated T something like the TH in "hothouse"
when spoken rapidly.

I
{I} (Iota)

Iota may be long or short and is pronounced EE as in "see."
The iota-subscript should be pronounced.

K
{K} (Kappa)

An unaspirated K something like the K in "skin."

{L} (Lambda)

Like English L.

M
{M} (Mu)

Like English M.

N
{N} (Nu)

Like English N.

{C} (Xi)

Like English X in "box."

O
{O} (Omicron)

A short vowel of uncertain quality, but probably
like the O in "no" but tending to AW in "awe."
The diphthong
was originally a long O as in "no,"
but later was pronounced like OO in "too."

{P} (Pi)

Unaspirated P something like the P in "spin."

P
{R} (Rho)

Tongue-trilled R.

{S} (Sigma)

Like English S.
When Sigma occurs before Beta, Gamma, Delta or Mu, it is pronounced like
Z in "zoo."

T
{T} (Tau)

Unaspirated T something like the T in "stop."

Y
{U} (Upsilon)

Pronounced like a German ü as in "für."
In some dialects it was more like the OO in "too," and this is the sound
it has in the diphthongs
{AU} and
{EU}.