basis of record Banks, R.C., R.W. McDiarmid, and A.L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication No. 166. 79 p. [details]

additional source Field Guide to Birds of North America 1983 [details]

Distribution North America; Scotian shelf to the Gulf of Mexico [details]

Reproduction Breeds from Hudson Bay to central Alaska and south to Iowa, Colorado, and central British Columbia. Winters from New England, Ontario, Colorado, and British Columbia south to the West Indies, Central, and northern South America. [details]