ABSTRACTIntroduction – Aim. Armed conflicts taking place in the borders of Cameroon have resulted in a large influx of people fleeing the battlefields. Therefore, situation analysis with the intent to promote and protect the mental health of those populations is an important issue, in order to define the demand for mental health of refugees and to assess local capacities to respond adequately to mental health problems that call for urgent humanitarian action. The purpose of this study was to observe and describe evidence on the mental health of refugees from Central African Republic, to make an inventory of existing capacities in the provision of mental health care, in order to implement a system of summary and quick screening of patients needing urgent care in mental health. Methodology. This evaluative mixed and crosscutting study based on a Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP) was done in health districts that hosted sites sheltering the refugees from Central Africa. The duration was 30 days starting from August 21 to September 26, 2014. Data collection took place in the East and Adamaoua regions of Cameroon. Eight health districts were visited and in these districts, we had access to 14 sites including 08 formal and 06 informal sites. 13 focus groups and 35 interviews with key informants provided the qualitative and quantitative data that were analyzed. Results. There was no health infrastructure at the level of the sites, the health districts or regions with capacity to assist mental pathologies. The supply of mental health service was frequently non-existing. Major activities identified on visited sites consisted of nutrition and care of the physical injuries. Coordination of the activities of mental health at the level of the sites was low. Disorders codified F40 - F48 (stress related pathologies with somatoform clinical unset) represented 25,23% of the pathologies; mood disorders codified F30 - F39 represented 20.88%, schizophrenia coded F20 - F29 represented 13.92%, and disorders linked to psychoactive substances misuse coded F10 - F19 represented 6.09%. None of the sites visited had a reference system for mental health. The psychotropic drug supply system was not respecting the regulations in Cameroon. Despite the existence of psychological and psychiatric disorders, there were not sufficient specialized human resources in mental health. Conclusion. Stress related pathologies, mood disorders, schizophrenia and disorders linked to psychoactive substances misuse are common mental disorders in migrant/refugee populations and their management is largely inadequate. A multidisciplinary humanitarian context, which includes mental health issues, is mandatory.