Robert Ripley's world-wide syndicated Believe It Or Not! column for July 31, 1935 read: "C. D. Abbott is the first citizen of the U.S.A. He is first alphabetically in Autaugaville, the first town in Autauga, the first county in Alabama, the . . . — — Map (db m68839) HM

Known as Fair Road, Sixth Street from Northington Street to the big curve was called “Happy Hollow”. The road went to the Fair home place but also curved right, into Warren Circle. Here stood a small frame church where the congregation’s . . . — — Map (db m70800) HM

The plank road was constructed of large pine logs, sawed lengthwise and laid round-side down. Daniel Pratt built the road for public benefit and to provide transportation from the Pratt Cotton Gin Factory to Washington on the Alabama River. Over . . . — — Map (db m27983) HM

A trail used in early times by Indians, Spanish Explorers, French Settlers and later by soldiers during the battle of Spanish Fort 1865. At one time a stream driven train paralleled this trace. Its ancient road bed can still be seen south of this . . . — — Map (db m100877) HM

This road marks the entrance into Eufaula of Federal Troops on April 29, 1865. Lee had surrendered at Appomattox, Virginia on April 9. General Benjamin H. Grierson was advancing with four thousand cavalry from Mobile and was then about at . . . — — Map (db m82872) HM

Side 1
Built by U.S. Army engineers over the summer of 1824, Three Notch Road has served as Bullock County’s major transportation route throughout its history. It was constructed to facilitate military communication between Pensacola . . . — — Map (db m89638) HM

Side 1
Built by U.S. Army engineers over the summer of 1824, Three Notch Road has served as Bullock County’s major transportation route throughout its history. It was constructed to facilitate military communication between Pensacola . . . — — Map (db m89637) HM

When seven injured "Freedom Riders" arrived at the Hospital on
this date, the mob that had attacked them earlier in the day
followed. The Riders were testing desegregation of public
transportation in the South by riding buses. The bus they . . . — — Map (db m106647) HM

On May 14, 1961, a Greyhound bus left Atlanta, GA carrying among its passengers seven members of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), a.k.a. the “Freedom Riders,” on a journey to test interstate bus segregation. The bus was met by an . . . — — Map (db m35737) HM

Front
This was the site of the Greyhound bus terminal where on May 14, 1961, a bus carrying black and white Civil Rights Activists known as "Freedom Riders" was attacked by a mob of whites who were protesting desegregation of public . . . — — Map (db m106621) HM

1st Panel
Two busloads of Freedom Riders arrived in Alabama on Sunday, May 14, 1961, bound for New Orleans. It was an organized effort by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) to challenge the South's continued defiance of U. S. . . . — — Map (db m106721) HM

Throughout the first half of the 20th century, race relations in the South were dominated by local "Jim Crow" laws. Although in 1960 the Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation violated the Interstate Commerce Act, local laws persisted. . . . — — Map (db m106605) HM

Commences at the Cut-Off, or the first high ground in that vicinity, follows the watershed between the Alabama and Tombigbee Rivers, and ends at Choctaw Corner. Established in 1808 by the Creek and Choctaw Indians as the dividing line between their . . . — — Map (db m47628) HM

This scene would have occurred far below the surface of the lake you see now. From 1802 to 1819, George Colbert operated a ferry across the quarter-mile breadth of the powerful Tennessee River. The ferry carried mail, militia, settlers, Indians and . . . — — Map (db m84705) HM

Levi Colbert, a Chickasaw Chief, operated a stand near here that served Old Trace travelers in the early 1800's. Adjacent to this area was a spring which provided an abundant water supply. — — Map (db m84708) HM

In the early 1800s, ferries like the one George Colbert ran near here on the Tennessee River linked segments of the Natchez Trace. Ferries carried people across the river—for a fee. Post riders, Kaintucks, military troops, casual travelers, . . . — — Map (db m107258) HM

Frontier America once walked along the Natchez Trace.
The Chickasaw and Choctaw used the Trace for transportation and trade. After 1801, with tribal permission, post riders who rode the Trace connected isolated settlements in Mississippi and . . . — — Map (db m107257) HM

Marker Front:
Muscle Shoals City was incorporated on April 24, 1923. Among the leading developers were New York realtors A.L. Howell and C.T. Graves. Their interest in Muscle Shoals was inspired by the vision of Henry Ford to use power from . . . — — Map (db m28580) HM

(obverse)
In 1832, the Alabama legislature authorized the Florence Bridge Company to construct this bridge across the Tennessee River. In 1840, it opened as a toll bridge. Twice damaged by storms, it was reopened in 1858 as a double-decked . . . — — Map (db m40596) HM

Side 1
After the Battle of New Orleans in 1815, General Andrew Jackson proposed this road as a shorter and improved route for military movements between Nashville and New Orleans. The U.S. War Department authorized Jackson to appoint an . . . — — Map (db m83401) HM

Near Bermuda was the home of Jeremiah Austill, who won fame in the canoe fight on the Alabama River during the Creek Indian War. His first wife, Sarah, died of injuries from falling off a fence during an Indian raid. — — Map (db m81280) HM

For a few months between 1811—1818 the nationally infamous highwayman, Joseph Thompson Hare, operated with his gang along the Federal Road. They headquartered at Turk's Cave near Brooklyn in Conecuh County. In his confession he referred to the . . . — — Map (db m81282) HM

Site of Fort Warren, built in 1816 by Colonel Richard Warren, who owned considerable land in this vicinity. This facility was used as a refuge for settlers who feared for their lives in the early days of the aftermath of the Creek Indian Wars of . . . — — Map (db m47689) HM

Duncan MacMillan’s stage stop was located near here. According to traveler James Stuart in 1830, he (Duncan) “did not taste fermented liquor” and “thought coffee was the best stimulant.” Mr. McMillan came from Scotland and . . . — — Map (db m81278) HM

[Side A:]
Three Notch Road
Established 1824
The Three Notch Road was a 90-mile section of a 230-mile military road to connect Pensacola with Fort Mitchell in Russell County on the Chattahoochee River. Capt. Daniel E. . . . — — Map (db m83456) HM

Vine Street was Cahawba's business district. Stores, offices and hotels were tightly packed together along these three blocks. Homes were scattered over an entire square mile. Nearly every house had a yard of one or two acres. — — Map (db m83520) HM

For thousands of years, two important Indian trade routes ran across what was to become Etowah County. The “High Town Path” ran from Charlestown, S.C. west to the Mississippi River, near Memphis, TN. The “Creek Path” begins . . . — — Map (db m39226) HM

Incorporated on November 27, 1819, three weeks before Alabama achieved statehood, Russellville was platted around the intersection of two historic roads.
Edmund Pendleton Gaines began work on the road that would bear his name on December 26, . . . — — Map (db m83750) HM

In 1850 George James Roebuck and his wife Ann Hawkins Roebuck built a log cabin at the mouth of Roebuck Spring. His Influence and leadership led to the area around it to be known as Roebuck. In 1900 Alabama Boys Industrial School was located . . . — — Map (db m26688) HM

Roebuck Springs was the first large residential suburb in Birmingham where planning and development were tied to the automobile, and the first community in the city associated with a golf course development. The 1910 land plan was designed to . . . — — Map (db m26684) HM

The developers of the Town of Edgewood, Stephen Smith and Troupe Brazelton, built the beautiful 117.4 acre lake and clubhouse in 1913-15. Amenities included a swimming pool, dance pavilion, fishing, boating and parking for hundreds of automobiles.
. . . — — Map (db m26963) HM

This cemetery is the final resting place of many of Shades Valley's pioneer residents. A few of the earliest headstones date from the mid-1850s. Descendants of these settlers helped mold the cities of Mountain Brook and Homewood. Located on property . . . — — Map (db m26294) HM

Indian, Wagon Trail, now Shades Crest Road, led to popular chalybeate springs. Summit, now Bluff Park, was a resort known for its view, cool air and healing mineral water. In 1899 school / church was built. In 1909 Bluff Park Hotel, built on land . . . — — Map (db m27311) HM

Indian, Wagon Trail, now Shades Crest Road, led to popular chalybeate springs. Summit, now Bluff Park, was a resort known for its view, cool air and healing mineral water. In 1899 school / church was built. In 1909 Bluff
Park Hotel, built on land . . . — — Map (db m28517) HM

Construction of this road, as ordered by General Andrew Jackson, began in May 1817 by troops of the U.S. Army for national defense purposes. Beginning near Nashville, Tennessee and continuing to Madison, Louisiana, it shortened the distance from . . . — — Map (db m80321) HM

Built by Andrew Jackson, 1816~1820. Shortened by 200 miles the route from Nashville to New Orleans for movement of supply wagons and artillery.
Built with U.S. funds and troops.
Followed in part Doublehead's Road from Columbia, Tenn., to Muscle . . . — — Map (db m65290) HM

(side 1)
Covington/Second Creek
Goodsprings Church
This site, one mile east of Elgin, has been referred to as “The Indian Mound.” There were white landowners here as early as 1833. Prior to 1936, there was a . . . — — Map (db m79914) HM

(Side 1)
From about 1775 until his death on August 9, 1807, Chickamauga Cherokee Chief Doublehead controlled the Muscle Shoals of the Tennessee River. Two major Indian trails, Sipsie Trail and an east-west trail, intersected in the . . . — — Map (db m99972) HM

(side 1)
Springfield Community 1810
Springfield Community is believed to have been among the earliest settlements in Lauderdale County. It was laid out as a town and considered as the location for the county seat. As early as 1810, . . . — — Map (db m100604) HM

Side A
Tennessee Street along the north side of the square was originally part of Gaines’ Trace, a horse path laid out in 1807 under the direction of Capt. Edmund Pendleton Gaines of the U. S. Army. From Melton’s Bluff on the Tennessee . . . — — Map (db m29056) HM

Wyatt Cheatham (1769-1856) was one of the early settlers of Lawrence County and bought land near Wren in 1818. The Alabama Legislature on 14 Dec 1824 authorized him, "to open out and make a road leading from at or near the Gum Pond in said county to . . . — — Map (db m84310) HM

The second Confederate Monument was erected in June 1912. This view shows the intersection of Market and Marion streets.
The 4-H'ers parade their cattle on the courthouse lawn in 1959. Judges were on hand to give a blue ribbon for the best . . . — — Map (db m93881) HM

Shorter was originally called Cross Keys for the birthplace in South Carolina of an early settler, J.H. Howard. It was later named Shorter for former Alabama Governor John Gill Shorter. The town embodies the memories of the proud Creek Indian . . . — — Map (db m85463) HM

This building served as the garage for Moton Field's small fleet of support vehicles. It provided storage at night and "drive-through" vehicle maintenance by day. Rooms on the north side provided office space for maintenance staff and file storage . . . — — Map (db m100256) HM

Site of Hotel Monte Sano, built in 1887 by the North Alabama Improvement Company with the assistance of Michael and James O’Shaughnessy. The 233-room hotel opened on June 1, 1887 and served as a health resort and haven for famous visitors including . . . — — Map (db m27796) HM

Andrew Jackson returned victorious from the Battle of New Orleans along this path to Tennessee after the War of 1812. Already in use by 1812, it was improved with federal funds in 1816. The road handled foot, horse, wagon, and stagecoach traffic and . . . — — Map (db m96483) HM

Side 1
Hamilton was established on November 17, 1882 and was named in honor of Capt. Albert James Hamilton. Hamilton was first known as "Toll Gate," named for a toll gate on the Jackson Military Road. The original county seat of Marion . . . — — Map (db m96479) HM

Starting as an ancient Indian trail, the north–south road through Arab in 1816 was known as Bear Meat Cabin Road. By 1818, it had become an important Federal trade route through the Alabama Territory known as the St. Stephens – . . . — — Map (db m40134) HM

Built in 1878 in the Italianate style. In 1852, Bettie Hunter was born a slave in Dallas County, Alabama and later moved to Mobile after the Civil War. She and her brother, Henry Hunter, had a profitable carriage business in downtown Mobile. She . . . — — Map (db m86389) HM

In 1811, the Mount Vernon Cantonment, located on a hill about three miles west of the Mobile River, was laid out by Col. Thomas H. Cushing. The cantonment was on the site of a spring called Mount Vernon Springs. In 1814, the garrison at Mt. Vernon . . . — — Map (db m85911) HM

Burnt Corn, Monroe County's earliest settlement, became the crossroads of the Great Pensacola Trading Path and The Federal Road. Settler Jim Cornells returned from Pensacola in 1813, finding his home destroyed and his wife kidnapped by a Creek . . . — — Map (db m47687) HM

North of Salem Cemetery and the former church was the site of Price's Hotel, the first place to spend the night on the Federal Road after Greenville. Mr Price was also the stagecoach driver for this section between Greenville and his hotel. Mrs . . . — — Map (db m84986) HM

The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, signed into law by President
Dwight D. Eisenhower, authorized the construction of 41,000 miles
of the Interstate Highway System over a ten year period - the largest
public works project in American history to . . . — — Map (db m91465) HM

This 2.8-mile road connecting U.S. highways 331 and 31 first appeared on Montgomery County road maps in 1928. Land for the road was deeded to Montgomery County in September 1926 by local landowners from the Teague, Bellingrath and Matthews families. . . . — — Map (db m70932) HM

This 2.8-mile road connecting U.S. highways 331 and 31 first appeared on Montgomery County road maps in 1928. Land for the road was deeded to Montgomery County in September 1926 by local landowners from the Teague, Bellingrath and Matthews families. . . . — — Map (db m99235) HM

Side 1
The Federal Road
The 1803 Louisiana Purchase acquired 828,000 sq. mi. for the U.S., doubling its size. The Federal Road was built to provide a shorter route from Washington to New Orleans and the new territory. The Treaty . . . — — Map (db m71535) HM

In 1860, the Memphis and Charleston Railroad was the only east-west route through the United States south of the Mason-Dixon Line. Maintaining control of this rail line was essential to Confederate strategy. Union Brigadier General Ormsby Mitchell . . . — — Map (db m28262) HM

In the early 1800s, south Alabama was still inhabited by many groups of Native Americans: Creek, Chickasaw, and Choctaw among others. They traveled, hunted, traded, and made war on the many ancient trails here. European settlers improved these roads . . . — — Map (db m95359) HM

Built by U.S. Army, 1824,
from Ft. Barrancas, at Pensacola
to Ft. Bainbridge, S.E. of Tuskegee.
Here it joined Federal Road leading to
Ft. Mitchell in Russell County.
Road followed Indian trade trail
Became main road . . . — — Map (db m76745) HM

Founder of Buffalo Rock Company (1901) in Birmingham and creator of Buffalo Rock Ginger Ale, a medicinal tonic first used in the Civil War. Lee's vision and influential support inspired the construction of this road across Double Oak Mountain . . . — — Map (db m52693) HM

In 1940, the U.S. Army put out a call to automobile manufacturers to produce a fast, lightweight, all terrain vehicle. The answer came in the form of the Willys MB. The Jeep was instrumental in World War II, the Korean War, and Vietnam.
This . . . — — Map (db m35515) HM

“Instead of row after row of empty houses (Dawson), they are building new stores. The place is alive and busy-a little too crowded when we got there.” – a tourist in Fairbanks, 1928 — — Map (db m47406) HM

In loving memory of
Dean H. Christopherson
1916-1992
Made possible by a generous
contribution from
Mrs. Elaine G. Christopherson
in memory of her husband
The cabin is similar to the cabin at Rohn
the eighth checkpoint on the . . . — — Map (db m80413) HM

This highway was constructed during World War II as a military supply route for interior Alaska Military and Airfields in 1942. 7 Army regiments and 42 Contractors and Public Roads Administrators working from Delta Junction South and Dawson Creek . . . — — Map (db m59840) HM

The Taylor Highway leads through some of the earliest and richest gold mining country in Alaska to the City of Eagle on the Yukon River. Gold was discovered by Franklin in 1886 and the old town of Forty Mile was located on the Yukon River at the . . . — — Map (db m49596) HM

The U.S. Army arrived at Valdez during the Gold Rush to build a trail into the interior. They found the Valdez Glacier impassable much of the year. To bypass the glacier, they cut a narrow trail along the walls of rugged Keystone Canyon. The . . . — — Map (db m49611) HM

On the far side, just above the water are the remains of the old sled trail, used in the early days. It was cut out of the rock, just wide enough for 2 horses abreast. 200 ft. above can be seen the old goat trail. This road was used till 1945. — — Map (db m49610) HM

This 10 foot high, 5 ton statue cast by St. Louis sculptor August Leimbach is one of 12 identical monuments to the bold spirit of the pioneers erected in 1928-29 along the National Old Trails Road from Maryland to California. — — Map (db m36380) HM

The Road Below
We started through Apache Pass, over awful roads, up hill and down. We had to tie the wagon wheels with ropes and then in some places, the men had to stand on the wheels to keep them from turning over. Every man who could . . . — — Map (db m101004) HM

In 1857, the government awarded John Butterfield a contract to carry mail by stagecoach between St. Louis and San Francisco. The 2,800-mile route was to be traversed within 25 days. A year later, as the stagecoaches prepared to roll, Butterfiled . . . — — Map (db m100817) HM

The Apache Pass Stage Station was built of stone in July 1858. Within its 6-8 foot-high walls were a kitchen-dining room, sleeping rooms, a storage room for feed and weapons, and a mule corral with portholes in every stall. The stage stopped here . . . — — Map (db m100814) HM

Dedicated to the
Engineering Achievements of
Percy Jones, Jr.
1888 –
Chief locating engineer who by sheer genius personally located more miles of Arizona highways than any other person. His college training in mining and geology . . . — — Map (db m37899) HM

Dedicated to the
Engineering Achievements of
Percy Jones, Jr.
1888 –
Chief locating engineer who by sheer genius personally located more miles of Arizona highways than any other person. His college training in mining and geology . . . — — Map (db m37900) HM

Railroad Avenue became the Commercial center for the growth of Willcox and the Sulpher Springs Valley from the time of the construction of the Southern Pacific Railroad through the area in 1880. — — Map (db m28174) HM

In 1857 Congress authorized Navy Lieutenant Edward F. Beale to survey a wagon road along the 35th parallel from Fort Defiance, New Mexico Territory, to the Colorado River. A secondary mission was to test the feasibility of using camels in the . . . — — Map (db m33348) HM

From 1857-60, Lt. Edward F. Beale and a crew of 100 men completed the first federal highway in the southwest from Fort Smith, Ark. to Los Angeles, Calif. at a cost of $200,000. The wagon road was used extensively by immigrants en route to California . . . — — Map (db m33346) HM

This 1945 Model H International Farmall, purchased by the Zanzucchi Family after World War II, was used to plow the "Fields" at the Flagstaff Dairy. The Flagstaff Dairy operated from 1904 thru 1979 and was located 3 miles west of Flagstaff on Old . . . — — Map (db m78740) HM

Each year thousands of hikers enter Grand Canyon on the Bright Angel Trail. They follow a tradition - and a trail route - established by prehistoric people. For centuries humans have used this route for two key reasons: water and access. Water . . . — — Map (db m39563) HM

Behind you is the Bright Angel mule corral, where each morning mules greet riders and another adventure begins. Mules have carried people into Grand Canyon since sightseeers first visited here in the 1890s. For many people - including those who . . . — — Map (db m39551) HM

Under the direction of General George Crook this trail was built in the early 1870's. Starting at Fort Whipple, it winds down to Fort Verde then eastward across the Mogollon Rim to Fort Apache covering 200 miles. It was used as a supply route by . . . — — Map (db m67419) HM

Under the direction of General George Crook this trail was built in the early 1870's. Starting at Fort Whipple, it winds down to Fort Verde then eastward across the Mogollon Rim to Fort Apache covering 200 miles. It was used as a supply route by . . . — — Map (db m67420) HM

There are three markers on this end of the Navajo Bridge.(Marker on left:)
National Historical Civil
Engineering Landmark
American
Society of
Engineers
1852
Designated by the American Society of Civil Engineers . . . — — Map (db m94887) HM

This Erection Toggle Screw was used in the construction of the historic Navajo Bridge to maintain bridge vertical elevations and as a means of lowering bridge sections in place.
[Plaque Mounted on Bridge]:
State of Arizona
Navajo . . . — — Map (db m38469) HM

This pass was used by Kearny's Army of the West in a march to California in 1846. Guided by Kit Carson it was described in a journal of the trip as "Carson's Old Trail”. The pass led around the impassable canyon on the Gila River where . . . — — Map (db m28045) HM

This historic mail trail is dedicated to the memory of the mail riders named below and unknown mail carriers that braved weather, rough terrain and the Verde River to deliver mail 52 miles from Camp Verde to Payson, Arizona from 1884 to 1914.
. . . — — Map (db m67417) HM

This was a stage stop between Ehrenberg and Wickenburg and points east. Travelers in the 1870's and 80's made their first stop here on eastward journeys from the Colorado River. "No grass, but good water," an early desert guide indicated . . . — — Map (db m7004) HM

"The Apache Trail combines the grandeur of the Alps, the Glory of the Rockies, the magnificence of the Grand Canyon and then adds an indefinable something that none of the others have. To me, it is the most awe-inspiring and most sublimely . . . — — Map (db m34066) HM

[Upper Plaque]:
In grateful memory
Robert P. McCulloch, Sr.
Whose purchase of London Bridge
in 1968
saved it for the enjoyment and use
of posterity
[Lower Plaque]:
October 10, 1981
on this 150th Anniversary . . . — — Map (db m6974) HM

The Old Spanish Trail, the main trade route between Santa Fe and Los Angeles, passed this way beginning in 1829. At the end of the Mexican-American War this portion of the route evolved into what was variously known as the Salt Lake Road, the Mormon . . . — — Map (db m78535) HM

You are standing near old Route 66. The line of the roadbed and the telephone poles in front of you mark the path of the famous "Main Street of America" as it passed through Petrified Forest National Park. From Chicago to Los Angeles, this heavily . . . — — Map (db m68904) HM

Across the Puerco River, the tracks of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad stretch for miles to the east and to the west. With no landforms or forests to block your view, you can see very long trains from beginning to end. More than 60 trains . . . — — Map (db m68895) HM

Dedicated to the Honorable Carl Hayden, United States Senator and to the Honorable Frank R. Goodman, former State Highway Engineer. Both being good roads advocates who by their close application and untiring efforts contributed much to the . . . — — Map (db m36275) HM

For early travelers the road through this canyon was one of the most dangerous in Arizona. Indians attacked lone riders and wagon trains along this route from Tucson to Old Camp Grant on the San Pedro River. Despite the canyon's name, very little . . . — — Map (db m48999) HM

Named Calle de las Milpas ("Road Which Leads to the Corn Fields") during Tucson’s Spanish period; the street linked the presidio with adjacent agricultural fields. Renamed Cemetery Street in the mid-1800s, the street was the main thoroughfare . . . — — Map (db m83008) HM

Named Calle de las Milpas ("Road Which Leads to the Corn Fields") during Tucson’s Spanish period; the street linked the presidio with adjacent agricultural fields. Renamed Cemetery Street in the mid-1800s, the street was the main thoroughfare . . . — — Map (db m83009) HM

In 1862, Union soldiers took possession of a former Confederate camp located in what is now Armory Park neighborhood. The camp, originally named Military Plaza, was reactivated in 1866 as Camp Lowell. During its occupation, soldiers traveled between . . . — — Map (db m69704) HM

Why Put A Prison On A Mountain?
Honor Camp prisoners built the Mt. Lemmon Highway
In the early 20th century, the only road to Mt. Lemmon began at the town of Oracle and snaked up the north face of the mountain.
Construction . . . — — Map (db m83017) HM

Named in 1869 for the convent located adjacent to San Augustín Cathedral. When the seven Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet finally arrived in 1870, they opened the city’s first parochial school for girls next to San Augustín. Three years later . . . — — Map (db m69563) HM

Named in 1869 for the convent located adjacent to San Augustín Cathedral. When the seven Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet finally arrived in 1870, they opened the city’s first parochial school for girls next to San Augustín. Three years later . . . — — Map (db m69589) HM

Named in 1869 for the convent located adjacent to San Augustín Cathedral. When the seven Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet finally arrived in 1870, they opened the city’s first parochial school for girls next to San Augustín. Three years later . . . — — Map (db m69812) HM

Named in the late 1860s for the location of the U.S. quartermaster’s corral where Camp Lowell’s military horses were held. The corral was located west of Camp Lowell near South Scott Avenue. — — Map (db m69623) HM

Although they share the same alignment, during Arizona's Territorial period, Council Street and Miltenberg Street were divided by Stone Avenue. The alignment between Stone Avenue and Meyer Street was named Council Street, in reference to Tucson's . . . — — Map (db m69635) HM

In 1856, Tucson’s presidio walls made navigating the local streets difficult. In an effort to circumvent the walls and avoid having to re-enter the presidio through the main gate, a section of the south wall was opened and Court Street was . . . — — Map (db m69632) HM

Named in 1872 for First Lieutenant Howard B. Cushing (b.1838- d.1871). During his early military career, Cushing participated in many notable Civil War battles, including Shiloh, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg and Hatcher’s Run. In 1871, while in . . . — — Map (db m69562) HM

Named in the 1870s after the military scout and surveyor, Charles Franklin (b. ca.1844-d.1924). In 1871, he served as a scout for General Crook, and a year later, helped Sidney W. Foreman complete the first formal survey of Tucson. “Charles . . . — — Map (db m69698) HM

Its name derives from the Spanish word meaning “pomegranate.” The area between what is now Interstate-10 and Main Avenue once supported irrigated agricultural fields during Arizona’s Territorial period. — — Map (db m69620) HM

Its name derives from the Spanish word meaning “pomegranate.” The area between what is now Interstate-10 and Main Avenue once supported irrigated agricultural fields during Arizona’s Territorial period. — — Map (db m69703) HM

Named in 1872 after John A. Jackson (ca 1835-d.1870), a rancher and farmer who lived at the San Pedro settlement near Tucson. On 16 April 1870, he was ambushed and killed by Apache Indians as he returned to his ranch. — — Map (db m83201) HM

Originally named “Flower Alley” during Tucson’s Spanish period, its name was later changed to honor German-born soldier and politician, Charles H. Meyer (b.1829- d.1907). He came to Arizona with the US Army and settled in Tucson in 1858. . . . — — Map (db m69592) HM

Originally named “Flower Alley” during Tucson’s Spanish period, its name was later changed to honor German-born soldier and politician, Charles H. Meyer (b.1829- d.1907). He came to Arizona with the US Army and settled in Tucson in 1858. . . . — — Map (db m69696) HM

Named during Arizona’s Territorial period to honor Estevan Ochoa (b.1831 – d.1888), whose ancestors arrived in Mexico with the Cortez expedition. He was born in Chihuahua, Mexico to a wealthy mining and ranching family. Before settling . . . — — Map (db m70211) HM

Memorial to Elias Pennington, pioneer rancher, farmer, miner, freighter and lumberman. In 1857, he came from Texas with his twelve children settling in various locations around southern Arizona for several years. Near this site, in 1863, Pennington . . . — — Map (db m82942) HM

Named in the late 1600s after the route connecting Tucson’s Presidio with mission San
Cosme de Tucson. The street was also called Calle del Arroyo, referencing the arroyo
immediately south of the presidio walls. The street was renamed in 1871 to . . . — — Map (db m69816) HM

Named in 1880 in reference to Arizona’s first hospital, Saint Mary’s Hospital. Established by the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Carondelet, the hospital housed 11 patients, four sister-nurses, and one doctor. — — Map (db m70791) HM

Named during Arizona’s Territorial period after businessman and Tucson pioneer, William F Scott (b.1831-d. ca.1914). In the 1870s, he operated a flour mill adjacent to his home at the corner of Main and McCormick (since demolished). — — Map (db m69622) HM

Named during Arizona’s Territorial period after businessman and Tucson pioneer, William F. Scott (b.1831-d. ca.1914). In the 1870s, he operated a flour mill adjacent to his home at the corner of Main and McCormick (since demolished). — — Map (db m69817) HM

Named during Arizona’s Territorial period after businessman and Tucson pioneer, William F Scott (b.1831-d. ca.1914). In the 1870s, he operated a flour mill adjacent to his home at the corner of Main and McCormick (since demolished). — — Map (db m70214) HM

Named during Arizona’s Territorial period for Colonel John Finkle Stone (b. ca.1836-d.1869). He was a colonel in the Union Army and owner of the first house on Stone Avenue at McCormick Street. Stone also operated a mine near Apache Pass, where he . . . — — Map (db m69621) HM

Named during Arizona’s Territorial period for Colonel John Finkle Stone (b. ca.1836-d.1869). He was a colonel in the Union Army and owner of the first house on Stone Avenue at McCormick Street. Stone also operated a mine near Apache Pass, where he . . . — — Map (db m69700) HM

Named during Arizona’s Territorial period for Colonel John Finkle Stone (b. ca.1836-d.1869). He was a colonel in the Union Army and owner of the first house on Stone Avenue at McCormick Street. Stone also operated a mine near Apache Pass, where he . . . — — Map (db m69702) HM

Named during Arizona’s Territorial period after Tucson’s mayor, Dr. James Toole (b.1824-d.1884). Before serving in politics, he acted as Adjutant General for the Arizona Territory. He was also a surgeon and later a banker. Upon collapse of his bank, . . . — — Map (db m69809) HM

Located and constructed in 1918 by
Lamar Cobb
First State Engineer of Arizona
Member of the Constitutional Convention
Born 1870 -- Athens, Georgia
Died 1926 -- Phoenix, Arizona
Erected to his memory
George P. Hunt . . . — — Map (db m27293) HM

In 1879 the Southern Pacific Mail and Stage Line Company built a one-room adobe station and mesquite corral. It was a horse changing and water stop on the route from the railroad station at Picacho for passengers going to Florence and beyond. In . . . — — Map (db m68220) HM

Built circa 1926-27
by the Arizona Department
of Transportation
This building constructed of Moenkopi Sandstone, has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Ash Fork Camp location was selected because it is a . . . — — Map (db m33443) HM

The Crook Road begins at this point
with the first in a series of mile markers
across the Mogollon Rim segment of the
military supply trail connecting Forts
Whipple, Verde and Apache. Reconnoitered
in 1871 by General George Crook with a . . . — — Map (db m28561) HM

This is the site of ‘the crossing' on the Mojave-Prescott "Hardyville" toll road. The road was authorized by the first territorial legislature and was built by W. H. Hardy, connecting Prescott with Hardyville on the Colorado River.
William John . . . — — Map (db m72625) HM

From 1857 to 1860 Lt. Edward F. Beale and a crew of 100 men built the first federal highway in the southwest. The 1857 Beale Expedition used 22 camels and dromedaries for pack animals. This road went from Fort Smith, Arkansas to Los Angeles, . . . — — Map (db m32206) HM

Early day route from Sonora to California over the path taken by Father Eusebio Kino in 1700 when he sought to discover if California was part of the American mainland. The parched desert along this route has claimed hundreds of lives, particularly . . . — — Map (db m83418) HM

About 1800 near this spot white man established the first trail from East to West across Baxter County. Later some of the Cherokee Indians were moved to Oklahoma using this route which was known as the Trail of Tears. — — Map (db m62248) HM

John Butterfield was born in Berne, New York in 1801 and grew up on a farm amid the technological revolution of the first steamboat, the Erie Canal, the steam locomotive, and the electric telegraph.
In 1857, John Butterfield won a lucrative . . . — — Map (db m84484) HM

This marker, set on the Butterfield Stagecoach Road, is placed near the spot where the trail crossed the east-west road between Huntsville and the Robinson settlement in western Benton County. John Robinson, a Revolutionary soldier, settled here . . . — — Map (db m68781) HM

This site was donated to the Benton County Historical Society by Scarlett Biggs Wilson and Lara Wilson Rosenblum in honor of their parents/grandparents, Guy and Nell Biggs, early pioneers of the Cross Hollows area. Cross Hollows is recognized for . . . — — Map (db m68789) HM

Since Crowley's Ridge provided the only natural route for north-south travel across the lowlands of northeastern Arkansas, an Indian trail and later a military road crossed the river here. About 1840 Abraham Seitz established a ferry which was later . . . — — Map (db m4912) HM

Tablet #1 Jenkins' Ferry State Park Act 10 of 1961 authorized this 37-acre state park as a commemorative site and recreation area. The park includes the ferry site where you are standing. The ferry was operated by the Jenkins' family . . . — — Map (db m37304) HM

The Southwest Trail, which passed this point, was one of the first permanent roads across Arkansas. It ran from Missouri through northeastern Arkansas to Little Rock and on through Washington to Fulton on Red River. Thousands of settlers followed . . . — — Map (db m104050) HM

The Indian parties followed an ancient trail that became known as the Southwest Trail. The primitive trail took the tribal groups by where you are standing. William S. Lockhart was the first permanent settler in the area, arriving in 1815, at a . . . — — Map (db m96596) HM

Here on this, the Old Wire Road, was located Fitzgerald's Station on the Butterfield Overland mail route from St. Louis to San Francisco. First trip 1858. Last 1861. Longest and best conducted mail route in the world. 2795 miles. Service twice . . . — — Map (db m59950) HM

For 86 years a favorite congregating spot. Built by John Green in 1860, with a balcony over the porch and a gabled roof. A famous cross-roads stop and transfer point on the Oakland-Stockton and Martinez-San Jose stagecoach routes intil the 1890's . . . — — Map (db m59944) HM

This was the main terminal for
the Key System Railway during World War II.
The Shipyard Railway – also known as the “Pass the Ammunition”
Railway – was built by the Key System for the United States Maritime . . . — — Map (db m72396) HM

Service Station and Car Dealership
Situated on the Original Route
of the Lincoln Highway
————————
City of Livermore
Historic Preservation Site
Dedicated July 1996
Operated by
The . . . — — Map (db m19994) HM

About 1820, along this route ran the earliest known road from Mission San Jose over Rancho San Antonio to the ranchos north.
Erected by Oakland Chapter,
Daughters of the American Revolution,
1939 — — Map (db m54112) HM

Opened in 1903, the timber-lined Kennedy Tunnel was the fast route between Oakland and Lafayette, saving four hours of driving around the San Pablo Reservoir. In 1914, it was wired for lights and renamed the Broadway Tunnel. In 1937, after the . . . — — Map (db m71764) HM

Spine of West Oakland
The elevated BART tracks are the latest link in Seventh Street's long history as the transportation spine of West Oakland. The street once led to the long Wharf and Mole on the western waterfront where the . . . — — Map (db m92787) HM

Below this ridge is what some pioneers dubbed the “Devils Ladder.” A name reflecting the steepness and extreme difficulty that pioneers experienced as they began their ascent over the Sierra Nevada. This climb was usually referred to as . . . — — Map (db m21284) HM

At this point in August 1849, a group of Odd Fellows nearing their goal, the California gold mines, paused in their struggle up these granite walls, to paint on this and adjacent boulders their names and the three links of the Great Order they so . . . — — Map (db m100569) HM

In February of 1844, John C. Fremont led a group of men over these mountains as they struggled to reach Sutter’s Fort. Little did they know that the pass, which lay 20 to 30 feet under the snow beneath them, would be a major route for the Gold Rush . . . — — Map (db m21278) HM

Here the Old Emigrant Road of 1848 swung down across the meadow now covered by Caples Lake (Twin Lakes) and climbed along the ridge at the right to the gap at the head of the valley. From this summit (9,460 feet) it descended to Placerville. This . . . — — Map (db m100570) HM

Named after Major John Ebbett and pointed out in 1853 to surveyor G.H. Goodard who referred to it as a “route of great promise – probably the best one for a transcontinental railway.”
No emigrant train used this route but a . . . — — Map (db m11444) HM

In 1856 a road was completed following the present sign route 4 from Murphys to this point, and thence northward via Faith and Charity Valleys to Hope Valley where it joined the Carson Pass Road. This connection was used by emigrants in 1856 and . . . — — Map (db m10316) HM

During the initial five weeks of its operation in 1860, an important remount station of the famous Pony Express was located a few feet from here at Cary’s Barn.
This monument erected by the Historical Society of Alpine County.
National . . . — — Map (db m100571) HM

Historic Woodfords Station, the Eastern Sierra gateway to the goldfields of California, way station of the famed Pony Express, and entrance to Carson Pass on the Emigrant Trail to the Sacramento Valley. Beginning in 1849 with the building of the . . . — — Map (db m100572) HM

This marker is made up of three separate panels.
[Panel 1:]
The Road
From a narrow dirt wagon road to a scenic byway, the Carson Route has evolved over time to meet the needs of generations of travelers and our changing means of . . . — — Map (db m45050) HM

This campsite on the Kit Carson Emigrant Trail was a resting place for California settlers. It was named by members of the Mormon Battalion enroute to Salt Lake Valley. Three of their men, serving as advance trail scouts, were murdered here by . . . — — Map (db m21273) HM

“We left here at half past four intending to go as far as Bidwell Bar. We passed on a bridge which crosses a pond made by damming a stream for the purpose of running (a) sawmill which is situated here” – James Woodworth, Aug. 19, . . . — — Map (db m61682) HM

In June, 1864, the Chico and Humboldt Wagon Road Company began to construct a road to connect Chico with the Idaho mines. A toll station for the Chico and Humboldt Wagon Road stood nearby to the left.
A Georgian, Nick Spires, is said to have . . . — — Map (db m61766) HM

Hotel and stagecoach relay station, halfway between Murphys and Big Trees. Settled in the 1850’s by Joseph and Sarah Goodell. Purchased by Peter Avery, then operated by three generations of Averys - Peter and Nancy, George and Henrietta and Morton . . . — — Map (db m10615) HM

(There are five markers and one dedication plaque affixed to the flagpole pedestal.)
History of Copperopolis
Copper (for ore) + opolos (for city)
Originally known as Copper Canyon, Copperopolis was established in 1860 when copper . . . — — Map (db m62356) HM

In 1852 a chain cable bridge replaced the ferries that once crossed here, to be supplanted in its turn by a covered truss structure in 1862. Some writers claimed this was the locale of Bret Harte's Poker Flat. In late “49” there was a . . . — — Map (db m13013) HM

Board’s Crossing was first used as a cattle crossing in the early 1870’s. Brothers David and William Board moved here from Missouri in 1854. They settled in Salt Springs Valley and raised cattle. This shallow ford across the river was a favorite . . . — — Map (db m58791) HM

Located on the Stockton-Murphy Road at the fourth crossing of the Calaveras River, this early mining settlement, once called Foremans, was famous in the 1850's for its rich placer ores. Later, it became an important stage and freighting depot and . . . — — Map (db m11969) HM

In 1892 Contra Costa County named Black Diamond Way, and maintained it as a road until 1982. (Locally it was also known as "Nortonville Road".) Black Diamond Way became part of Black Diamond Mt. Diablo Regional Trail in 1985.
Black Diamond . . . — — Map (db m27431) HM

During the Spanish colonial era, the train that would become San Pablo Avenue connected many ranchos across the East Bay. By the mid-1800s, it featured a state line connecting Oakland and Martinez. Today the Avenue remains the center of El . . . — — Map (db m94248) HM

In 1946, Charles Deabenderter constructed this building for his Chevrolet service and repair business. The building has remained an auto repair business since that time, although under different names and specializations. In 1974 the business was . . . — — Map (db m94277) HM

The 1951 opening of Broadway Shopping Center increased traffic on Main Street, which also doubled as part of two state highways. Photos like this helped convince State officials to build a freeway bypass to ease congestion. The new freeway opened in . . . — — Map (db m93863) HM