SAE J1113-41V002

SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER; (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http://www.sae.orgCopyright 2000 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001STANDARDSubmitted for recognition as an American National StandardJ1113-41REAF.MAY2000Issued 1995-07Reaffirmed 2000-05Superseding J1113-41 JUL95Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio DisturbanceCharacteristics of Components and Modules for the Protection ofReceivers used on Board VehiclesThis document is technically equivalent to the component portion of IEC CISPR 25 1st Edition.1. Scope—This SAE Standard contains limits1 and procedures for the measurement of radio disturbances in thefrequency range of 150 kHz to 1000 MHz. The standard applies to any electronic/electrical componentintended for use in vehicles and large devices. Refer to International Telecommunications Union (ITU)Publications for details of frequency allocations. The limits are intended to provide protection for receiversinstalled in a vehicle from disturbances produced by components/modules in the same vehicle.2The receiver types to be protected are: sound and television receivers3, land mobile radio, radio telephone,amateur and citizens radio. For the purpose of this document, a vehicle is a machine which is self-propelled.Vehicles include (but are not limited to) passenger cars, trucks, agricultural tractors, and snowmobiles.The limits in this document are recommended and subject to modification as agreed between the vehiclemanufacturer and the component supplier. This document shall also be applied by manufacturers andsuppliers of components and equipment which are to be added and connected to the vehicle harness or to anon-board power connector after delivery of the vehicle.This document does not include protection of electronic control systems from radio frequency (RF) emissions,or from transient or pulse type voltage fluctuations. These subjects are included in other parts of SAE J1113.Since the mounting location, vehicle body construction and harness design can affect the coupling of radiodisturbances to the on-board radio, this document defines multiple limit levels. The level class to be used (asa function of frequency band) shall be agreed upon between the vehicle manufacturer and the componentsupplier.The World Administrative Radiocommunications Conference (WARC) lower frequency limit in Region 1 wasreduced to 148.5 kHz in 1979. For vehicular purposes, tests at 150 kHz are considered adequate. For thepurposes of this document, test frequency ranges have been generalized to cover radio services in variousparts of the world. Protection of radio reception at adjacent frequencies can be expected in most cases.1. Only a complete vehicle test can be used to determine the component compatibility with respect to a vehicle’s limit.2. Adjacent vehicles can be expected to be protected in most situations.3. Adequate television protection will result from compliance with the levels at the mobile service frequencies.SAE J1113-41 Reaffirmed MAY2000-2-It is assumed that protection of services operating on frequencies below 30 MHz will most likely be provided ifthe limits for services above 30 MHz are observed.2. References—The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constituteprovisions of this document. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards aresubject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this document are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated as follows. Members of IEC and ISOmaintain registers of currently valid International Standards.2.1 Applicable Publications2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONS—Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAEJ1113-1—Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedures and Limits for Vehicle Compo-nentsSAEJ1752-3—Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedures for Integrated Circuits—Integrated Circuit Radiated Emissions Measurement Procedure 150 kHz to 1000 MHz TEM CellSAE ARP958—Electromagnetic Interference Measurement Antennas; Standard Calibration Methods2.1.2 ANSI PUBLICATION—Available from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.ANSIC63.5-1988—Electromagnetic Compatibility Radiated Emission Measurements in ElectromagneticInterference (EMI) Control—Calibration of Antennas2.1.3 CISPR PUBLICATIONS—Available from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.CISPR12:1990—Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference characteristics of vehicles,motor boats, and spark-ignited engine driven devices CISPR16-1:1993—Specification for radio disturbance measuring apparatus and methods—Part 1: Radiodisturbance and immunity measuring apparatusCISPR20:1990—Limits and methods of measurement of immunity characteristics of sound and televisionbroadcast receivers and associated equipmentCISPR25—Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics for the protection ofreceivers used on-board vehicles3. Definitions—See SAE J1113-1 for definitions.For this document, Equipment under test (EUT) and Device under test (DUT) are used interchangeably.4. Requirements for Component/Module Emissions Measurement4.1 General Test Requirements and Test Plan4.1.1 TEST PLAN—A test plan shall be established for each item to be tested. The test plan shall specify thefrequency range to be tested, the emissions limits, the disturbance classification (broadband, long or shortduration or narrowband), antenna types and locations, test report requirements, supply voltage, and otherrelevant parameters.4.1.2 DETERMINATION OF CONFORMANCE WITH LIMITS—If the type of disturbance is unknown, tests shall be made todetermine whether measured emissions are narrowband and/or broadband to apply limits properly asspecified in the test plan.Figure 1 outlines the procedure to be followed in determining conformance with limits.SAE J1113-41 Reaffirmed MAY2000-3-FIGURE 1—METHOD OF DETERMINATION OF CONFORMANCEOF RADIATED/CONDUCTED DISTURBANCE4.1.3 CATEGORIES OF DISTURBANCE SOURCES (AS APPLIED IN THE TEST PLAN)—Electromagnetic disturbance sourcescan be divided into three types:a. Continuous/long duration broadband and automatically actuated short duration equipmentb. Manually actuated short duration broadbandc. NarrowbandNOTE—For examples, see 4.1.4 and 4.1.5 and Table 1.SAE J1113-41 Reaffirmed MAY2000-4-4.1.4 EXAMPLES OF BROADBAND DISTURBANCE SOURCESNOTE—The examples in Table 1 are intended as a guide to assist in determining which limits to use inthe test plan.4.1.5 NARROWBAND DISTURBANCE SOURCES—Sources employing microprocessors, digital logic, oscillators or clockgenerators, etc., can cause narrowband emissions.4.1.6 OPERATING CONDITIONS—When performing component/module tests, the equipment under test (EUT) shallbe exercised using typical loads and conditions which simulate installation and operation in the vehicle.4.1.7 TEST REPORT—The report shall contain the information agreed upon by the customer and the supplier.4.2 Measuring Equipment Requirements—All equipment shall be calibrated on a regular basis to assurecontinued conformance of equipment to required characteristics. The measuring equipment noise floor shallbe at least 6 dB less than the limit specified in the test plan.4.3 Shielded Enclosure—The ambient electromagnetic noise levels shall be at least 6 dB below the limitsspecified in the test plan for each test to be performed. The shielding effectiveness of the shielded enclosureshall be sufficient to assure that the required ambient electromagnetic noise level requirement is met.NOTE—Although there will be reflected energy from the interior surfaces of the shielded enclosure, this is ofminimal concern for the measurement of conducted disturbances because of the direct coupling of themeasuring instrument to the leads of the EUT. The shielded enclosure may be as simple as a suitablygrounded bench top screened cage.4.4 Absorber-Lined Shielded Enclosure (ALSE)—For radiated emission measurements, however, the reflectedenergy can cause errors of as much as 20 dB. Therefore, it is necessary to apply RF absorber material to thewalls and ceiling of a shielded enclosure that is to be used for radiated emissions measurements. No absorbermaterial is required for the floor. The following ALSE requirements shall also be met for performing radiatedRF emissions measurements:4.4.1 SIZE—For radiated emission tests, the shielded enclosure shall be of sufficient size to ensure that neither theEUT nor the test antenna shall be closer than (a) 2 m from the walls or ceiling, and (b) 1 m to the nearestsurface of the absorber material used.4.4.2 REFLECTION CHARACTERISTICS—The reflection characteristics of the ALSE shall be such that the maximumerror caused by reflected energy from the walls and ceiling is less than 6 dB in the frequency range of 70 to1000 MHz.TABLE 1—EXAMPLES OF BROADBAND DISTURBANCE SOURCES BY DURATIONContinuous Long Duration(1)1. As defined in the test plan.Short Duration(1)Ignition system Wiper motor Power antennaActive ride control Heater blower motor Washer pump motorFuel injection Rear wiper motor Door mirror motorInstrument regulator Air conditioning compressor Central door lockAlternator Engine cooling Power seatSAE J1113-41 Reaffirmed MAY2000-5-4.4.3 OBJECTS IN ALSE—In particular, for radiated emissions measurements the ALSE shall be cleared of all itemsnot pertinent to the tests. This is required in order to reduce any effect they may have on the measurement.Included are unnecessary equipment, cable racks, storage cabinets, desks, chairs, etc. Personnel notactively involved in the test shall be excluded from the ALSE.4.5 Receiver—Scanning receivers which meet the requirements of CISPR 16-1 are satisfactory formeasurements. Manual or automatic frequency scanning may be used. Special consideration shall be givento overload, linearity, selectivity, and the normal response to pulses.NOTE—Spectrum analyzers and scanning receivers are particularly useful for disturbancemeasurements. Special consideration shall be given to overload, linearity, selectivity, and thenormal response to pulses. The peak detection mode of spectrum analyzers and scanningreceivers provides a display indication which is never less than the quasi-peak indication for thesame bandwidth. It may be convenient to measure emissions using peak detection because ofthe faster scan possible than with quasi-peak detection.When quasi-peak limits are being used, any peak measurements above the limit shall be measured using thequasi-peak detector.4.5.1 MINIMUM SCAN TIME—The scan rate of a spectrum analyzer or scanning receiver shall be adjusted for theCISPR frequency band and detection mode used. The minimum sweep time/frequency, (i.e., most rapidscan rate) is listed in Table 2:4.5.2 MEASURING INSTRUMENT BANDWIDTH—The bandwidth of the measuring instrument shall be chosen such thatthe noise floor is at least 6 dB lower than the limit curve. The bandwidths in Table 3 are recommended.NOTE—When the bandwidth of the measuring instrument exceeds the bandwidth of a narrowbandsignal, the measured signal amplitude will not be affected. The indicated value of impulsivebroadband noise will be lower when the measuring instrument bandwidth is reduced.TABLE 2—MINIMUM SCAN TIMEBand(1)1. Band definition from CISPR 16-1.Peak Detection Quasi-peak DetectionA 9–150 kHz Does not apply Does not applyB 0.15–30 MHz 100 ms/MHz 200 s/MHzC,D 30–1000 MHz 1 ms/MHz or 100 ms/MHz(2)2. When 9 kHz bandwidth is used, the 100 ms/MHz value shall be used.NOTE—Certain signals (e.g., low repetition rate or intermittent signals) may require slower scan rates or multiple scans to insure that the maximum amplitude has been measured. For the measurement of pure broadband emis-sion, scanning steps greater than the measurement bandwidth are permitted; thus accelerating the measurement of the emission spectrum20 s/MHzTABLE 3—MEASURING INSTRUMENT BANDWIDTH (6 dB)Frequency Band MHzBroadbandPeak and quais-PeakNarrowbandPeak and Average0.15–30 9 kHz 9 kHz30–1000 FM Broadcast 120 kHz 120 kHz30–1000 Mobile Service 120 kHz 9 kHzSAE J1113-41 Reaffirmed MAY2000-6-If a spectrum analyzer is used for peak measurements, the video bandwidth shall be at least three times theresolution bandwidth.For the narrowband/broadband discrimination according to Figure 1, both bandwidths (with peak andaverage detectors) shall be identical.4.6 Power Supply—The EUT power supply shall have adequate regulation to maintain the supply voltage withinthe limits specified: 13.5 V ± 0.5 V for 12 V systems, 27 V ± 1.0 V for 24 V systems, unless otherwise specifiedin the test plan.The power supply shall also be adequately filtered such that the RF noise produced by the power supply is atleast 6 dB lower than the limits specified in the test plan.4.7 Battery—When specified in the test plan, a vehicle battery shall be connected in parallel with the powersupply.4.8 Ground Plane—The ground plane shall be made of 0.5 mm thick (minimum) copper, brass or galvanized steelof the size specified in Figures 5 through 10 for the measurement of conducted or radiated emissions.The ground plane shall be bonded to the shielded enclosure such that the DC resistance shall not exceed2.5mΩ. In addition, the bond straps shall be placed at a distance no greater than 0.9 m apart.4.9 Test Equipment Unique to Conducted Emissions Measurements4.9.1 ARTIFICIAL MAINS NETWORK (AN)4.9.1.1 AN Impedance Characteristics—The AN shall have a nominal 5 µH inductance and shall meet theimpedance characteristics of CISPR 16-1. A suggested schematic is shown in Appendix E. Themeasuring port of all AN s shall be terminated with a 50 Ω load (either a measuring instrument or aresistor). For the purpose of this document, the AN may be used to 108 MHz.4.9.1.2 AN Connection—For the emissions tests of Sections 7 and 9, a standard AN according to 4.9.1.1 shall beused. For the TEM cell emissions test of Section 9, an AN with a coaxial connector will facilitateconnection to the TEM cell EUT power connector.4.9.2 CURRENT PROBE—The current probe shall be selected considering the following: the size of the harness tobe measured, the frequency range required by the test plan, and the sens