-Pt. prone. Flex effected kneed as far as possible so that the patient's heel rests against the ipsilateral buttock.

Naclas Test
(Prone kneed bending test)
Results

*pain radiating down to the anterior thigh - problem in the rectus femoris(inf. of femoral nerve root)
*pain in the lumbar spine - problem in the lumbar spine.
*Pain in sacroiliac area - sacroiliac disorder.

* Prone - foot of involved side is placed on top of opposite knee.
* hip joint is flexed, abducted and externally rotated.
*Extend hip by applying downward pressure on knee, with the contralateral side of pelvis fixed.

The projection located in the middle of the buttock, almost at the level of the gluteal fold - felt easier if the hip is flexed - also known as the bones one sits on or "sitz" bones attachment site for hamstring muscles.

Midway b/w the greater trochanter and the ischial tuberosity; it may pass beneath or through the pisiformis muscle; a pisiformis muscle spasm, trauma, or herniated lumber disc can irritate the nerve that radiates down the leg.

Muscle involved with sciatica

Pisiformis muscle

Adductor muscles

The medial muscles of the hip including the Gracilis, Pectineus, Adductor longus Bravis and Magnus ; adductor longus is the most superficial and accessible to palpation.

Abductor muscles

the lateral muscles of the hip - the primary muscle is the gluteus medius.

Midway between the greater trochanter and the ischial tuberosity, it may pass beneath or through the piriformis muscle. A spasm of the piriformis, trauma, or a herniated lumbar disc can irritate the nerve so that pain radiates down the leg.

• Gluteus Medius

Originates from the surface of the illium just inferior to the crest from ASIS to PSIS and inserts at the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur; involved in hip adduction, test c/Trendelenburg test

o Varus - inversion of the calcaneus when the subtalar joint is in the neutral postion. Subsequent deformity manifests as “clubfoot”
o Valgus- eversion of the calcaneus when the subtalar joint is in the neutral position. Decrease in plantar support; occurs in “flatfoot”

Bunion—Hallux Valgus

Medial deviation of the head of the first metatarsal in relation to the center of the foot. A callous develops over the medial side of the head of the metatarsal bone, and the bursa becomes thickened and inflamed, excessive bone (exostosis) forms. The result is a bunion

Hallux Rigidus

a condition in which dorsiflexion or extension of the big toe is limited because of osteoarthritis of the first metatrasophalangeal joint