India’s solar dream rests on Chinese imports

India’s rush to add solar power is being aided largely by a manufacturing overcapacity in China, driving down costs of photovoltaic cells and other equipment.

Rajasthan, India. One of the barefoot solar women engineers shows her solar panel. India’s solar electrification is on an upswing by virtue of cheap Chinese manufactured solar panels and a growing local demand. Image: Knut-Erik Helle , CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

By Soumya Sarkar, thethirdpole.net

Friday 19 August 2016

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The Indian solar energy sector is in the middle of unprecedented growth, fed by rapidly declining tariffs, improved technology and a global oversupply of photovoltaic panels and other material, mainly in China. Although a smaller market than the United States, China or Japan, it is expanding the fastest among major nations.

India expects to add as much as 5.4 GW of solar capacity in 2016, making it the fourth largest solar market globally. The country currently has a total capacity of 7.8 GW of solar power. In comparison, installed capacity in the United States is 25 GW.

The prospect for India looks bright. “The tailwinds are exceptionally strong with rapidly falling costs and greater environmental agenda in the post COP21 (Paris climate summit) world,” Bridge to India, an energy consultancy, said in its new India Solar Handbook.

The bullishness benefits from a global glut in photovoltaic equipment. “Recent market reports suggest that an oversupply situation is building up in PV module manufacturing in China, especially for the second half of 2016 and this is likely to lead to significant price corrections in the market,” Bridge to India says. This has forced Chinese industry, particularly tier II firms, to lower prices and look at overseas markets.

“Several major solar manufacturers have announced plans to expand their production capacities ahead of 2017. In total, we expect 15 GW of new module capacity to come online in 2016, across 10 major producers, with the majority (14 GW) added by Chinese manufacturers,” Morgan Stanley, an investment bank, said in a report on August 2.

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The solar development pipeline now stands at 22 GW with over 13 GW under construction.

Mercom Capital Group, India Solar Quarterly Market Update

At the same time, Chinese demand is expected to slow down sharply in the remaining part of 2016, according to market research firm IHS. The leading information provider noted that module prices for the fourth quarter of 2016 have already declined by as much as 10 per cent since the first half. The fall in prices comes at a perfect time for the Indian solar market as the first three months of 2017 is expected to be the biggest quarter for new capacity addition of around 2 GW, according to Bridge to India.

The circumstance of lowered capital costs, overseas slowdown and proactive policy thrust has not being accompanied by strengthening India’s domestic manufacturing capacity. “In the absence of manufacturing, India will need to import USD 42 billion of solar equipment by 2030 corresponding to 100 GW of installed capacity,” warns a report by KPMG, an advisory firm.

India has emerged as a key growth market for the Chinese suppliers, Bridge to India said in an industry update. “Unless there is a change in Chinese demand sentiment or the European Union removes its trade barriers against Chinese suppliers, we expect prices to stay soft for the next few quarters,” the consultancy said.

Cheaper Chinese imports have left local suppliers uncompetitive. “It is clearly very difficult to promote domestic manufacturing in India without solving the macro issues such as ease of doing business, infrastructure, cost of power, cost of finance and local ecosystem for raw materials,” Bridge to India said in a recent update.

The remarkable pace of adding capacity through imported material has hurt rickety local manufacturing firms. The Indian Solar Manufacturers’ Association has asked for safeguard and anti-dumping duties. Safeguard levies seek to protect local industry against sudden import surges. Anti-dumping duties are imposed when overseas exporters are seen to be selling products below fair market value.

Their protest may not hold much water. “It would be hard for the small outdated Indian module manufacturers to throw stones with any credibility,” Tim Buckley, a director at Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis in Sydney, told thethirdpole.net. “The quality of their product is widely reported as substandard and uncompetitive.”