Table E9. Fuel Oil Consumption (Btu) and Energy Intensities by
End Use for
Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Fuel Oil Consumption
(trillion Btu)

Fuel Oil Energy
Intensity
(thousand Btu/square foot)

Total

Space Heating

Water Heating

Cook-
ing

Other

Total

Space Heating

Water Heating

Cook-
ing

Other

All Buildings*
........................

222

194

17

Q

10

14.7

12.8

1.1

Q

0.6

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000
.........................

34

32

Q

(*)

Q

57.4

52.7

Q

(*)

Q

5,001 to 10,000
.......................

36

33

Q

(*)

Q

50.6

45.8

Q

0.1

Q

10,001 to 25,000 .....................

27

25

1

(*)

Q

28.2

25.4

1.5

0.1

Q

25,001 to 50,000 .....................

16

15

Q

(*)

1

19.7

18.8

Q

(*)

0.7

50,001 to 100,000 ...................

26

23

1

Q

1

15.0

13.3

0.8

Q

0.6

100,001 to 200,000 .................

37

34

Q

Q

1

12.5

11.6

Q

Q

0.5

200,001 to 500,000 .................

36

25

Q

Q

2

10.5

7.5

2.4

Q

0.5

Over 500,000
..........................

10

Q

Q

Q

2

2.4

Q

Q

Q

0.5

Principal Building
Activity

Education
................................

47

45

2

Q

Q

25.4

23.9

0.8

Q

0.3

Food Sales
..............................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Food Service
..........................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Health Care
.............................

11

6

2

Q

2

5.6

3.3

0.8

Q

1.3

Inpatient ................................

9

5

2

Q

2

5.3

2.9

0.9

Q

1.4

Outpatient .............................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Lodging
...................................

35

25

Q

(*)

1

16.1

11.2

Q

0.2

0.3

Retail (Other Than Mall)...........

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Office
......................................

18

15

Q

Q

1

4.3

3.8

Q

Q

0.4

Public Assembly .....................

29

28

Q

(*)

Q

30.7

29.7

Q

(*)

Q

Public Order and Safety .........

8

6

Q

(*)

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Religious Worship ...................

18

18

Q

(*)

Q

39.8

39.3

Q

(*)

Q

Service
...................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Warehouse and Storage
........

9

Q

Q

(*)

Q

7.3

6.3

Q

0.1

Q

Other
.......................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Vacant
....................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Year Constructed

Before 1920
............................

38

35

Q

(*)

Q

39.3

36.4

Q

0.2

Q

1920 to 1945
...........................

54

44

9

Q

(*)

27.2

22.4

4.6

Q

0.2

1946 to 1959
...........................

48

45

Q

(*)

Q

23.5

21.9

Q

(*)

Q

1960 to 1969
...........................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

21.7

20.0

0.7

Q

0.5

1970 to 1979
...........................

22

19

1

Q

2

10.2

8.7

0.6

Q

0.9

1980 to 1989
...........................

9

6

1

Q

2

3.0

2.1

0.2

Q

0.7

1990 to 1999
...........................

9

6

Q

Q

2

4.3

3.1

Q

Q

1.0

2000 to 2003
...........................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Census Region
and Division

Northeast
................................

175

156

15

Q

4

28.8

25.6

2.4

Q

0.7

New England ........................

69

64

4

(*)

1

44.1

40.8

2.8

0.1

Q

Middle Atlantic .......................

106

91

Q

Q

4

23.5

20.3

Q

Q

0.8

Midwest
..................................

24

Q

1

Q

1

8.3

7.6

0.2

Q

0.5

East North Central .................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

West North Central ...............

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

14.4

12.9

0.5

0.1

Q

South
......................................

14

10

Q

Q

3

3.5

2.4

Q

Q

0.7

South Atlantic .......................

13

10

Q

Q

3

4.9

3.6

Q

Q

0.9

East South Central ................

1

(*)

(*)

(*)

(*)

2.7

1.2

(*)

1.0

0.5

West South Central ...............

1

Q

Q

(*)

(*)

0.5

0.1

Q

(*)

0.3

West
.......................................

9

Q

Q

Q

1

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Mountain ...............................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Pacific ...................................

4

2

Q

(*)

1

2.7

1.4

Q

(*)

0.5

Climate Zone:
30-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

More than 7,000 HDD ............

63

59

2

Q

2

25.0

23.5

0.7

Q

0.7

5,500-7,000 HDD ..................

63

57

4

Q

2

15.6

14.1

1.0

Q

0.5

4,000-5,499 HDD ..................

90

75

Q

Q

4

19.4

16.3

Q

Q

0.8

Fewer than 4,000 HDD .........

6

2

Q

Q

2

2.5

1.0

Q

Q

0.8

2,000 CDD or More and --

Fewer than 4,000 HDD .........

1

Q

Q

(*)

(*)

0.5

0.2

Q

(*)

0.3

Number of Floors

One
.........................................

47

42

2

(*)

3

18.5

16.5

0.8

0.1

1.1

Two
........................................

69

64

Q

Q

1

25.3

23.6

Q

Q

0.5

Three
......................................

39

36

1

Q

Q

20.2

18.7

0.5

Q

0.6

Four to Nine
............................

55

43

9

Q

3

13.5

10.5

2.2

Q

0.7

Ten or More
............................

13

9

Q

Q

1

3.3

Q

Q

Q

0.3

Number of
Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5
..........................

69

64

Q

(*)

Q

47.4

44.1

Q

0.1

Q

5 to 9
.......................................

17

15

Q

(*)

Q

26.6

23.4

Q

(*)

Q

10 to 19
...................................

33

26

7

(*)

Q

32.3

25.4

6.7

0.1

0.3

20 to 49
...................................

36

33

1

(*)

Q

22.2

20.9

0.5

(*)

Q

50 to 99
...................................

27

25

1

(*)

1

12.7

11.5

0.7

0.2

0.3

100 to 249
...............................

19

17

1

Q

1

8.9

7.8

0.3

Q

0.6

250 or More
............................

22

14

Q

Q

4

3.5

2.3

Q

Q

0.6

Weekly Operating Hours

Fewer than 40 ........................

15

15

Q

(*)

Q

26.6

26.4

0.1

(*)

Q

40 to 48
...................................

58

57

(*)

(*)

1

28.9

28.4

0.2

(*)

0.3

49 to 60
...................................

32

28

Q

(*)

2

10.5

9.4

Q

0.1

0.8

61 to 84
...................................

40

37

Q

Q

1

19.1

17.6

Q

Q

0.3

85 to 167
.................................

18

16

1

Q

1

12.1

10.9

0.6

Q

0.4

Open Continuously .................

59

40

13

Q

5

9.9

6.8

2.2

Q

0.9

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned..........

154

132

13

Q

7

13.5

11.6

1.2

Q

0.6

Owner Occupied ..................

81

69

8

(*)

4

13.4

11.4

1.3

(*)

0.7

Nonowner Occupied ............

72

63

Q

Q

3

13.8

12.0

Q

Q

0.6

Unoccupied ...........................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Government Owned ...............

69

62

4

Q

2

18.1

16.3

1.0

Q

0.6

Federal ..................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

State .....................................

23

21

Q

Q

Q

24.0

Q

Q

Q

0.9

Local .....................................

39

35

3

Q

1

16.1

14.4

1.1

Q

0.4

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ..................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Mostly Vacant
.........................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Partially Vacant
.......................

30

27

2

Q

1

6.8

6.1

0.5

Q

0.2

Not At All Vacant ....................

191

166

15

Q

9

17.9

15.5

1.4

Q

0.8

Number of Establishments

One
.........................................

183

161

14

Q

7

19.8

17.5

1.5

Q

0.7

2 to 5
.......................................

28

23

3

(*)

2

10.4

8.6

1.1

(*)

0.7

6 to 10
.....................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

11 to 20
...................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

2.3

Q

Q

(*)

Q

More than 20
...........................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Currently Unoccupied .............

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Predominant Exterior

Wall Material

Brick, Stone or Stucco ............

144

126

13

Q

4

18.7

16.3

1.7

Q

0.6

Concrete (Block or Poured) ....

24

18

Q

Q

4

9.6

7.3

Q

Q

1.4

Concrete Panels .....................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Siding or Shingles ...................

41

39

Q

(*)

Q

54.4

51.8

Q

(*)

Q

Metal Panels
............................

8

8

Q

Q

(*)

7.1

6.6

Q

Q

0.4

Window Glass ........................

(*)

Q

Q

(*)

(*)

0.3

Q

Q

(*)

0.3

Other
.......................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

No One Major Type .................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Predominant Roof Material

Built-Up
...................................

37

30

Q

Q

2

6.6

5.5

Q

Q

0.4

Shingles (Not Wood) ...............

63

58

3

(*)

Q

34.7

31.7

1.9

0.1

Q

Metal Surfacing
.......................

21

20

Q

Q

Q

16.2

15.0

Q

Q

0.8

Synthetic or Rubber ................

46

39

3

Q

4

9.9

8.4

0.7

Q

0.8

Slate or Tile
.............................

12

11

Q

(*)

(*)

25.5

23.2

Q

0.5

0.4

Wooden Materials ...................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Concrete
.................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Other
.......................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

No One Major Type .................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Renovations in Buildings

Constructed Before 1980

(more than one may apply)

Any Type of Renovation

Since 1980 .............................

105

95

5

Q

4

18.6

16.8

0.9

Q

0.7

Addition or Annex ................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

19.3

18.1

0.4

Q

0.6

Reduction In Floorspace ......

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Cosmetic Improvements .......

77

69

5

Q

3

18.3

16.4

1.2

Q

0.7

Wall or Roof Replacement ...

54

47

4

Q

2

17.4

15.2

1.4

Q

0.6

Interior Wall

Re-Configuration ................

44

40

3

Q

2

14.4

12.9

0.9

Q

0.6

HVAC Equipment Upgrade....

34

28

3

Q

2

9.7

8.1

0.7

Q

0.7

Lighting Upgrade ..................

53

48

3

Q

2

15.2

13.7

0.8

Q

0.6

Window Replacement ..........

50

46

3

Q

1

21.6

19.8

1.2

Q

0.4

Plumbing System Upgrade ...

45

40

3

Q

1

16.0

14.3

0.9

Q

0.5

Insulation Upgrade ...............

21

18

2

(*)

1

15.1

12.7

1.4

0.2

0.7

Other Renovation .................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

No Renovations Since 1980....

94

82

Q

Q

Q

29.2

25.5

Q

Q

Q

Building Newer than 1980 ......

23

17

Q

Q

5

3.7

2.7

Q

Q

0.7

Energy Sources
(more than

one may apply)

Electricity
................................

222

194

17

Q

10

14.7

12.8

1.1

Q

0.6

Natural Gas
.............................

99

82

10

Q

6

9.5

7.9

0.9

Q

0.6

Fuel Oil
....................................

222

194

17

Q

10

14.7

12.8

1.1

Q

0.6

District Heat
............................

1

Q

Q

Q

1

0.8

Q

Q

Q

0.5

District Chilled Water ...............

2

Q

Q

Q

Q

1.7

Q

Q

Q

0.7

Propane
..................................

54

47

3

Q

2

25.1

22.2

1.5

Q

1.1

Other
.......................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

8.3

7.4

Q

Q

0.3

Space-Heating
Energy Source

Fuel Oil
....................................

212

194

14

Q

3

35.4

32.4

2.3

Q

0.4

Fuel Oil Main ..........................

197

181

13

Q

2

51.7

47.5

3.4

Q

0.4

Fuel Oil Secondary ...............

16

14

1

Q

1

7.1

6.2

0.3

Q

0.5

Other Excluding Fuel Oil ..........

7

(*)

Q

Q

6

0.8

(*)

Q

Q

0.7

Buildings without Heating .......

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity
................................

3

Q

Q

(*)

1

1.1

Q

Q

(*)

0.5

Natural Gas
.............................

15

10

1

Q

4

2.4

1.6

0.1

Q

0.7

Fuel Oil
....................................

197

181

13

Q

2

51.7

47.5

3.4

Q

0.4

District Heat
............................

1

Q

Q

Q

1

0.7

Q

Q

Q

0.5

Propane
..................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Other
.......................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Cooling Energy Source

Fuel Oil
....................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Other Excluding Fuel Oil ..........

175

151

14

Q

8

12.6

10.9

1.0

Q

0.6

Buildings without Cooling ........

46

42

Q

(*)

Q

36.6

33.4

Q

(*)

Q

Water-Heating
Energy Source

Fuel Oil
....................................

109

89

17

Q

2

58.0

47.1

9.2

Q

1.1

Other Excluding Fuel Oil ..........

104

96

(*)

Q

7

8.2

7.6

(*)

Q

0.5

Bldgs without Water
Heating ..

10

9

(*)

(*)

Q

16.0

14.8

(*)

(*)

Q

Cooking Energy Source

Fuel Oil
....................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Other Excluding Fuel Oil ..........

114

97

12

(*)

5

12.9

10.9

1.3

(*)

0.6

Buildings without Cooking .......

103

94

5

(*)

4

16.7

15.2

0.8

(*)

0.6

Energy End Uses
(more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space
Heating .

219

194

15

Q

9

14.6

13.0

1.0

Q

0.6

Buildings with Cooling .............

176

151

14

Q

9

12.7

10.9

1.0

Q

0.6

Buildings with Water Heating ..

213

185

17

Q

9

14.6

12.7

1.2

Q

0.6

Buildings with Cooking ............

119

100

12

Q

6

13.3

11.1

1.4

Q

0.6

Buildings with
Manufacturing .

7

Q

Q

(*)

Q

6.7

4.5

Q

0.1

Q

Buildings with
Electricity

Generation .............................

31

21

3

Q

7

3.2

2.1

0.3

Q

0.8

Percent of
Floorspace Heated

Not Heated
..............................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

1 to 50
.....................................

13

11

Q

(*)

Q

10.4

8.9

Q

(*)

Q

51 to 99
...................................

26

22

Q

Q

1

10.4

8.9

Q

Q

0.4

100
..........................................

180

160

11

Q

7

16.0

14.3

1.0

Q

0.6

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps
.............................

6

4

Q

Q

1

2.5

1.8

Q

Q

0.5

Packaged Heat Pumps ..........

3

Q

(*)

Q

1

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Split-System Heat Pumps ......

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Individual Room Heat Pumps .

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Furnaces
................................

50

47

1

(*)

Q

15.0

14.0

0.3

(*)

Q

Individual Space Heaters ........

31

27

2

(*)

2

9.7

8.3

0.8

(*)

0.6

District Heat
............................

1

Q

Q

Q

1

0.7

Q

Q

Q

0.5

Boilers
.....................................

171

152

13

Q

5

19.2

17.0

1.5

Q

0.6

Packaged Heating Units ..........

17

13

1

Q

3

4.4

3.3

0.3

Q

0.8

Other
.......................................

5

4

Q

Q

Q

4.6

3.9

Q

Q

Q

Water Heating Equipment

Centralized System .................

161

139

16

Q

6

19.2

16.5

1.9

Q

0.7

Distributed System ..................

31

29

Q

(*)

Q

14.2

13.5

Q

(*)

Q

Combination of
Centralized

and Distributed System ..........

20

16

1

Q

2

5.1

4.1

0.3

Q

0.5

Energy-Related
Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation..

119

100

12

Q

6

13.3

11.1

1.4

Q

0.6

Activities with Large

Amounts of Hot Water ...........

95

76

13

Q

6

12.4

9.9

1.7

Q

0.7

Separate Computer Area ........

96

79

11

Q

6

9.4

7.7

1.1

Q

0.5

HVAC
Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System...

35

28

3

Q

4

4.5

3.5

0.3

Q

0.6

Economizer Cycle ...................

42

33

3

Q

5

5.3

4.2

0.4

Q

0.6

HVAC Maintenance ................

196

172

14

Q

9

13.9

12.1

1.0

Q

0.6

Energy Management and

Control System (EMCS) .........

31

24

Q

Q

4

4.8

3.8

Q

Q

0.6

Equipment Usage Reduced

When Building
Not In Full Use

(more than one may apply)

Heating
....................................

162

144

10

Q

6

14.9

13.2

1.0

Q

0.6

Cooling
....................................

135

117

12

Q

6

12.9

11.1

1.1

Q

0.5

Lighting
...................................

156

147

4

Q

4

17.9

16.8

0.5

Q

0.5

Office Equipment ....................

92

87

Q

Q

3

27.8

26.2

Q

Q

0.8

Annual Consumption

(gallons)

1,000 or Less
.........................

13

10

Q

Q

2

1.5

1.2

Q

Q

0.3

1,001 to 5,000
.........................

44

39

Q

Q

3

17.1

14.9

Q

Q

1.2

5,001 to 10,000
.......................

28

24

Q

(*)

Q

31.0

26.6

Q

0.1

1.4

10,001 to 25,000 .....................

30

29

(*)

(*)

1

33.4

31.8

0.5

0.1

1.0

Over 25,000
............................

106

92

11

Q

2

50.1

43.3

5.3

Q

1.0

See "Guide to the Tables" or "Glossary" for
further explanations of the terms used in this table. Both can be accessed
from the CBECS web site - http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/.
* Figures in this table do not include enclosed malls and strip malls. In
the 1999 CBECS, total fuel oil consumption in malls was not statistically
significant.
(*)=Value rounds to zero in the units displayed.
Q=Data withheld because fewer than 20 buildings were sampled for any cell,
or because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent for
a cell in the "Total" column.

Notes: ● Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.
● HVAC = Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning.
Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End
Use, Form EIA-871A, C, and E of the 2003 Commercial Buildings Energy
Consumption Survey.