Σχόλια 0

Το κείμενο του εγγράφου

MAC Operating System–

Mouse Activated System

Mac OS was named by the Apple

company

as "Mac System Software" in the beginning, aspecially designed operating system only for 68K first Motorola processors. Mac OS takes up a specialrole in the world of desktop systems. The first version was "System 1" and appeared bundled with theMac in 1984. The classic desktop is designed as a single user operating system and almost completelyhides the full path to files and directories. The graphic representation isreduced to the essence. Overallthe interface is very easy to use and does not need the right mouse button for user interaction.

Starting with System 3.0, the file

system HFS was used officially, which does not

differentiate

between uppercase and lowercase letters. System 5.0 was the first release to run severalprograms with the integrated MultiFinder at the same time. The operating system was programmed up tosystem 6.0 mostly in assembler and partially in Pascal and used a 24-bit addressing mode. CooperativeMulti-tasking could optionally be enabled in System 6. System 7.0 first supported 32-bit addressing thusallowing

the operating systemtouse more memory and more powerful programs. Since 1994 System 7.5supported the PowerPC architecturefor the

first timeand is optimized with the following Mac OS versionsfurther on this architecture.With System software 7.6 the name was changed to Mac OS in January1997.

In2006 MacOS X was presented for the first time publicly on x86 hardware, Apple allows

internally parallel for Intel and PowerPC processors. The version of Mac OS X10.6.0 raised the optimization to Intel-based processorsfurther;

the new operating system is no longeravailable for PowerPC Macintosh or pure 32-bitIntel

processors. In return the user receives a pure 64-bitoperating system optimized for performance on multiple processors. Even the GPU computing poweritself can be used with specific applications.

System 6 (Mac OS)

Mac system software 6 came onto the market in 1988. It requires 1 MB RAM and can address up to 8MB. The file system can organize hard disks up to 2 GByte with 65,536 files. Optionally applications runwith the multi Finder in cooperative multitasking. For word processing are programs such as WriteNow,MacWrite II, and Microsoft Word 4.0 available.

System 7 (Mac OS)

The system 7 was first available in May 1991. The new operating system needed 2 MB RAM, optionally itcan be switched to 32-bit depending from the used hardware. Cooperative multitasking is now enabled bydefault;

the addressable memory is no longer limited to 8 MB. In addition virtual memory can be enabled.

New is the direct support of networks with file exchange, AppleScript as scripting language and display ofcolors. Balloons provide help for the user to use the interface. With aliases are icon links to files possible,regardless of the storage location locally or from the network. The TrueType fonts are scalable to anysize.

TheSystem Software 7.5

appeared in 1994 and requires at least 4 MB RAM. It was running both on68k-Macs and Power Macintosh. In September 1996, the update System 7.5.5 includes all available bugfixes, Open Transport 1.1.2, current Ethernet driver and support for storage drive volumes up to 4 GB.With release 7.6 the company Apple changed the name

for the operating system from System Softwareto Mac OS in 1997. At the 31. January 1999 Apple gave the Mac system software 7.5.3 public as freedownload.

Mac OS 7.6

can be installed on every Mac compatible computer, which contains at least a 68030processor and supports 32-bit addressing. The 24-bit addressing is no longer supported. Performance isimproved in the area of virtual memory and memory management. QuickTime version 2.5 offers betterimage quality and benefits of multiple processors.

On systems with 68040 or PowerPC processors partitions can be used of up to 2 TByte, systems with68030 processor remain limited to 4 GB. Check of the disk after a system crash requires now much lesstime.

Mac OS 8

Mac OS 8 by

Apple appeared in July 1997. Minimum requirements are specifiedasa 68040 or PowerPCprocessor, 32 MB RAM and 120 MB of free disk space. The CTRL key is used to display a specificcontext menu for different actions. Finder in version 8 is now multithreaded and does no longer breaksother

applications during the copy of files. The starting time of the operating system and applications isbeen reduced. As standard the browser software Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0 and Netscape Navigator3.0 are included. Inside of a TCP/IP network can shared files and printers accessed.

WithMac OS 8.1

the filesystem HFS+ is included by default. Now informations are stored more efficientlyon the file system and wastes less

disk space in comparison of HFS. The limit of the partition size isdepending onyour hardware, the maximum size is now 2 TByte for all Quadra and PowerMac systems.The file system can handle up to 2 billion files with a current file size of up to 2 GB. PC Exchange 2.2allows users the mount of DOS and Windows drives on your desktop. The supported file systems includeFAT12, FAT16, FAT32, VFAT.

Mac OS 8.5

further optimized the stability and speed of the operating system, Sherlock is extended forfull-text search in local files and Internet search wizard for the first time. Mac systems

with 68k processorsare no longer compatible with this version. The throughput in Ethernet networks has been increased,AppleScript is now up to 5 x faster than the previous version. The graphical display is accelerated by newQuickDraw routines. Copyingfiles has become faster and increase the disk throughput. A tool for systemmaintaining detects and fixes errors on the file system automated. The "Apple System Profiler" createscomprehensive reports about the used hardware and software.

24 MB RAM. A new kernel is included which improvesperformance and added support for the PowerPC G4 processor. The ability of multitasking andmultiprocessing has been optimized further and enhanced with new features.

UDF 1.5.2 allows reading and storing

data to DVD-RAM and read of DVD-ROM media.

Mac OS 9

The operating system Mac OS 9 has been developed under the name Sonata and released

October23,1999. The installation requires 32 MB RAM with virtual memory and a PowerPC 601 processor or higher.For models with G3 processor are at least 64 MB RAM recommended for optimal performance. The firstG4 and iMac systems until summer 2000 are supported. The free disk storage should be 150 up to 400MB depending on the installation type.

50 new features are added in comparison to the previous version. This includes support for multiple userswith password and access management for files and settings. The login

is available throughauthentication by voice. Files can be stored encrypted. The operating system can automatically updateitself via the Internet. You can back up all personal passwords with a master password. The integratedsearch engine Sherlock 2 is extended with language and search templates. The first version "Carbon" APIis available for new applications.

The following applications are included in current version: Finder 9.0, Mac OS Runtime for Java 2.1.4,Apple data security 2.0 and Open Transport 2.5.

Mac OS X

Different technologies like the Mach Kernel, NEXTSTEP andtools from NetBSD and FreeBSD found influence in Mac OS Xto merge the previous Apple technology with UNIX features.The operating system core Darwin is open source and can beused

Considerable performance and comfort improvements were carried out in versionMac OS X 10.1. Thesurface reacts quicker at user interaction, the system start was accelerated and the OpenGL performanceincreased noticeable.

Mac OS X 10.3

has now a GUI in metallic scheme and the optimized

Finder. The use and access inheterogeneous networks was further simplified. Files can be provided with etiquettes, the compressionformat ZIP is now directly supported. 12 million MacOS X user were counted in October 2004.

According to AppleMac OS X 10.4

brings more than 200 new features. Features are the fast, system-wide and index-based search function named Spotlight, the Dashboard for easy access to smallprogramms (Widgets), the Automator for the simplified composition of Applescripts for the automation oftasks. The Web browser Safari in version 2.0 now contained RSS support, the QuickTime software wasupdated to version 7 with support for the H.264 video codec. Further novelty is the delivery at a DVDmedium, an installation of CD-ROM is no longer possible.

First since the 10th January 2006 is MacOS X 10.4.4 next to the PowerPC version availablefor Intelbased Macs. OnJune6,2005 Steve jobs announced at the WWDC the switch to Intel processors.Further details became knownthat Apple had developed Mac OS X since 2000 internally also for the Intelplatform.

Apple released the successorMacOS X 10.5, LeopardOctober 26, 2007. With more than 300innovations MacOS offers the user an enhanced user interface with virtual desktops, a fast file previewand Dock with 3D effect. The Finder was revised, the expansion "Boot Camp" for the installation ofWindows on Intel-Macs is an official component now. As a file system ZFS is optionally available. For thesurfing on the Internet the Apple Safari 3 Web browser is included. Backups can be made, managed andrestored in a simple way with "Time Machine". Time Machine makes every hour the day automatically afile backup and every day a snapshot for the duration of a complete month. Lost files are recovered easilyover the display of a dynamic time line of those snapshots. The security of the operating system andapplications is improved by 11 enhancements. There

are beside others the application-based firewall,signed applications, the use of ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization) and Sandboxing forapplications.

Open Group certified MacOS X 10.5 according to the standard UNIX 03 in November 2007. MacOS X isthe first free BSD derivative with such certificate to bear the name UNIX officially. The certificationguarantees the use of UNIX standard implementations to porting UNIX applications easily.

The first update with bug fixes was released with Mac OS X 10.5.1 by Apple on November 15th, 2007. Itcontains general bug fixes for the operating system to improve stability, better compatibility and safety.Mac OS X 10.5.2 cames with 125 bug fixes and smaller optimizations on January 24, 2008.

Mac OS X 10.6

is a Mac computer with Intel Core 2 Duo processor with at least 1 GB memory and 5 GBfree space ahead. This operating system no longer exists as PowerPC execution. Apple placed the focusdevelopment on performance and stability. It supports up to 16 TByte memory, it is optimized for multicore processors, and is a pure 64-bit operating system. With the technology OpenCL graphics processorcan speed up in specific applications calculations.

Date

Version

1984

System 0.85, 216 kilobyte in size, first time with MFS file system

1985

System 2.0, updates and improvements like the Finder and menu

1986

System 3.0,contains optimizations, first time with HFS file system

1987

System 4.0, bug fixes

1987

System 4.1, improved Finder (supports HDD >32 megabyte)

1988

System 6, 32-bit color, Quick

draw support, serial port driver support, True

type fonts

1990

System 7,32-bit memory addressing on supported hardware, first time with virtual memory, updated GUI