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BEIRUT—Daesh militants fought their way back into the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra on Saturday nine months after they were driven out by Syrian government forces, in a reminder that the group is still a force to be reckoned with despite major losses of territory elsewhere.

The advance into Palmyra seemed set to reverse a year of steady defeats for Daesh (also known as ISIS or ISIL) fighters, and came three days after a big offensive launched from three directions in the surrounding desert.

Palmyra is the site of an ancient Roman complex of temples that is considered one of the world’s archeological treasures, and work had recently begun on restoring some of the many ruins that were blown up during Daesh’s 10-month occupation of the city.

It is also the one place where Russian military intervention had made a significant difference in the fight against Daesh. Russian airstrikes facilitated the Syrian government’s recapture of Palmyra in March, and in May the Russian military escorted a planeload of journalists on a victory tour of the city, complete with a performance by a Russian orchestra.

Syrian activists and human rights monitors said Daesh entered the city late afternoon Saturday after government defences collapsed. A Syrian activist from Palmyra who uses the name Khaled al-Homsi said that by late evening the militants controlled most of the city.

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Daesh fighters were detaining young men and looting stores of weapons, he said.

The offensive was aided by 200 Daesh fighters who had made their way to the area from the Iraqi city of Mosul, according to the Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.

With street fighting continuing, it remained unclear whether the militants would be able to fully recapture the city. Russia Today quoted a

Syrian military official as saying the Syrian government still has forces inside Palmyra and has not fully lost control, despite what the official described as “fierce clashes.”

Daesh has demonstrated a pattern in the past of launching spectacular attacks that catch its enemies unaware, only to be driven back once the defendants regroup.

If the militants were to fully regain control of Palmyra, it would represent a startling reversal of 18 months of setbacks and suggest that the outright defeat of the group may still be a long way away. Daesh has not made any significant advances in either Syria or Iraq since they captured Palmyra and the Iraqi city of Ramadi in May 2015, and it has meanwhile lost vast swaths of territory in both countries, including Palmyra and Ramadi.

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