Congenital Hyperinsulinism—Child

(CHI; Neonatal Hyperinsulinism)

Definition

CHI is a high level of insulin. The condition is present from birth. High insulin causes low levels of glucose in the blood. Glucose is important fuel for all organs in the body. Each episode can cause low energy and general ill feeling. Repeated low levels can cause serious health issues and slow growth. It may also leave to brain damage, since the brain is very sensitive to glucose levels.

Insulin is made and released by the pancreas. The level of glucose in the blood should determine how much insulin is released. With CHI, insulin is released even when it is not needed. It is caused by a defect in certain genes. There are different types of CHI based on which gene is affected.

Early treatment is important. It can help to decrease the risk of complications.

Low glusoe levels can cause damage to growing brains. If CHI is present, treatment will help to keep blood glucose at safe levels. Steps may include:

Feeding regularly to keep blood glucose up

High glucose tabs or drink or glucose given through IV

Frequent blood glucose testing

Medicine to:

Make the liver release glucose

Stop the release of excess insulin

Some types of CHI may go away on its own. Further care will not be needed. Other types of CHI may be severe or permanent. Surgery may be needed to help control these types. With surgery, the pancreas will be partly removed. This will reduce the amount of insulin the pancreas can make. For some, surgery may be a cure. For others, it should decrease episodes of low blood glucose.

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.

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