Lord Krishna and Kuchela(Sudama) storyIt was her maternal love that prompted her to send her husband Kuchela to the Lord so that her children might get a full meal. She had faith in the Lord. Kuchela hesitated and argued that Krishna might not recognise him or remember him or invite him in or accept his homage. She urged him to give up all doubt and proceed at least as far as the gate of the palace of Krishna. She was certain that Krishna would call him in, if he took at least that little trouble. Kuchela was so nervous that he could be persuaded to go only up to the gate.Once it was decided that Kuchela would go, she took from the place where she had hidden it for a rainy day, a quantity of paddy, just a handfull; she put it in boiling water, took it out, dried it and, then, frying it over the fire, she pounded it with a pestle to prepare the "beaten rice" that Kuchela said was Krishna's favourite food, while at school. That was tied to a corner of the cloth worn over the body and he moved on, his fear increasing at every step. Such fear should be absent in the genuine bhakta. He must approach the Lord as of right and earn the grace that is his due.Of course, the Lord showers his mercy on the aartha and arthaarthi, as well as on the jijnaasu(seeker of wisdom) and the jñâni (spiritually wise man). The aartha is the person who is ill and suffering; the arthaarthi is the poverty-stricken who seeks prosperity and fortune.

Lord Krishna

So, he called him in, with overwhelming joy, and reminded him of the happy days at school which they had spent together at the guru's feet, and even while Kuchela was squirming to hide the commonplace offering tied to the corner of his tattered cloth, Krishna sought out the stuff and began eating it with great relish. Bhakti had made it very tasty to the Lord.It is related that Rukminî devi held His hand when He took the third handful and the reason given usually by commentators is that she was afraid all the riches of the Lord would go over to Kuchela if a few more handfuls were taken in by the Lord! What a silly idea! As if the riches of the Lord are exhaustible, as if He would care if bhaktas carried all of it away, as if the Mother of the universe is stingy in Her gifts, this can never be true! The real cause for Her holding the hand of Krishna was: She claimed Her share of the offering of the devoted heart; She wanted a portion for Herself; it was Her right to have a share.Kuchela left Dvârakâ rather disappointed, because he was not given any donation or promise of adonation. He was sad, when he remembered his family and the starving children. He was lost in grief and so, he passed his own house without noticing that it had undergone a great change and had become a huge big mansion overnight. His wife, who saw him, called him back and related how suddenly, happiness had been showered upon them by Krishna's grace.

An individual took a watch, which was out of order to a watch-repairer. The watch-repairer said that the watch was very old and that it would cost a lot of money to repair the watch.

He said that repair would cost at least two times the original price of the watch. The owner said that he would like the watch to be repaired even if it costs so much. The watch repairer thought that, since the owner was insisting on this old and worn-out watch being repaired, the watch was probably a lucky one.

He replaced the old parts by new parts, repaired the watch and gave it back to the owner. When asked to pay the price of repair, the owner gave two slaps to the watch repairer. The persons standing by handed him over to the police and when the police asked him to explain why he beat the watch repairer, he said that he was asked to pay for the repair of the watch twice the price he paid originally when he acquired the watch and since he did not purchase it but got it by giving one slap to a person, he gave two slaps to the watch repairer.

Lemon Wallet is a mobile app that allows you to store a digital copy of all of your cards(ID, insurance, loyalty and payment cards) in your wallet and helps to access whenever needed.In other words, it allows you to store a digital copy of all of your cards—ID, insurance, loyalty and payment cards—so you always have a backup in case your wallet is misplaced, lost or stolen. Lemon Wallet digitizes your cards in a smarter way with interactive balance updates, personalized offers and a simple way to communicate with brands and merchants.Lemon Wallet captures the important information and stores your cards in your phone and on our servers.All your data is safely stored and encrypted, and a PIN is required to access your cards. If you lose your phone, you can remotely unlink it from your Lemon account.You can also store all your receipts in case you need to make a return, for tax purposes or to track your spending. Just take a picture of your receipt, and it helps to digitize key information.Unlike Apple's Passbook and Google Wallet, Lemon Wallet works with iPhone, Android and Windows Phone, so you have freedom to choose. You are not locked in to any brand or device.Securely connect you payment cards with your bank, so you can check your balance and transactions. With Lemon Wallet, you can track billing errors, unwanted charges or fraud.Lemon Wallet personalizes your rewardsbased on your spending habits. Just link your cards, and earn merchant rewards or automatic cash back when you use your card in selected stores.

Vijayadashami is also called as Dasara/ Dussehra.It is one of the most important festivals celebrated in various forms, across India, Nepal and Bangladesh. Dasara is derived from the Sanskrit word Dasha-hara.

Dasa is ten and hara means removing, therefore removing of the ten heads which symbolize the nine emotions of human beings and the remaining one is the intellect. If intellect succumbs to the nine emotions then there is no meaning of intellect and the ultimate end would be death.

Dasa also means the state or fate and Hara is removing, therefore Dasara signifies removal of bad fate. It means that if Goddess Durga is worshipped on this day and the preceding nine days then the virtue of the worship would help the devotee overcome the effect of the bad fate or bad Dasha in their life.

Dasara is celebrated on the tenth day after a nine day celebrations called as Durga Navratri. The nine days represent the nine forms of Bhakti and Dasara signifies that if anyone would worship Goddess Durga with any one of the nine types of Bhakti, they would be able to attain salvation or a darshan of Goddess Durga. This means that a devotee can choose any one or many of the nine types of bhakti to attain the ultimate goal of unifying with the God or salvation or reaching of the God.

The other name of Dasara is Vijaya Dashami. Vijaya means victory and Dashami is the thithi of the day and hence Vijaya Dashami signifies a day that would give victory in whatever endeavor we undertake. Another significance of Dasara is, it is one among the three days of the year, on which a work can be started without looking for a Muhurat or auspicious time. The other two days of the year being Ugadi or Gudi Padwa and Akshaya Tritiya.

"The stories behind celebration of Dasara are different for different regions In India. Dasha hara literally means removing Ten and also known as Victory of Good over Evil. In north India it is celebrated as the day of Victory of God Rama over Ravana. In Southern parts of india it marks the Victory of Durga Mata over Mahishasura. Godess Durga is also known as Mahishasura Mardhini.

Durga Maa

The nine days of Navratri is celebrated with the first three days dedicated to Goddes Durga, the second three days to Goddess Lakshmi and the last three days to Goddess Saraswati. Vijayadasami is celebrated on the tenth day invoking the blessings of Goddess Saraswati.

On Vijayadasami, people make an auspicious begining of art and learning. Children who are to start their education are admitted in a school on Vijayadasami. People who also want to pursue the learning of any art and craft forms commence their studies on Vijayadasami. Vijayadasami forms an auspicious day to start any process of learning as it is dedicated Goddess Saraswati, the source of all knowledge.

In South India,nineth day is celebrated as Saraswathy/Ayudha Pooja. People place their books and weapons before the picture of the Goddess for worship.On tenth day that is on Vijayadasami people will use the weapons and read the book which is kept infront of God.

His most famous writings are: Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass as well as the poems “The Hunting of the Snark” and “Jabberwocky”, all considered to be within the genre of literary nonsense.

6.Carlo Lorenzini: (November 24, 1826 – October 26, 1890),

Carlo Lorenzini

better known as Carlo Collodi, was a Florentine children’s writer known for the world-renowned fairy tale The Adventures of Pinocchio.

It's fair to say it's a good way to keep fit. If you finish the gruelling tour, you could burn off up to 118,000 calories. That's the equivalent of 26 Mars bars per day.

But do you know your yellow jersey from your polka dot? Your prologue stage from your flat? If not, Newsround is here to help.

What is it?

Basically, it's a huge bike race that takes place every summer. It goes right around France and this year, even pops into Belgium.

Millions of people line the route that's made up of 21 stages raced over 23 days - that means they only have two days off to rest. Ouch.

Twenty-two teams from right across the world are involved in the tour, each has nine riders.

The riders average around 25 miles-per-hour over the entire course but at some points, they'll go a lot faster than that.

what is the tour de france?

The Stages

The race is broken up into 21 different parts or 'stages'. It's not just flat roads, the tour takes the riders up into the mountains too. The stages have different names:

Prologue: Each rider races against the clock in a short (usually under six miles) time trial.

Flat: Despite the name, it doesn't necessarily mean it's perfectly flat. Usually it's big packs of competitors riding together in a big group or 'peloton' for around 125 miles. These end in one of two ways; a 'breakaway' victory by an individual or small group; or typically with a hair-raising bunch sprint.

Individual time trial: Every man against the clock. Similar to a prologue but a little longer. These are shorter stages of around 30 miles (as opposed to 100-125 miles).

Mountain: These come in all shapes and sizes. Climbing from sea level to 2,000 metres sometimes more than once in a day. Tough.

How did it start?

The race was started by Henri Desgrange as a publicity stunt back in 1903.

He came up with the crazy idea of a bike race around France in order to raise the profile of L'Auto, the newspaper he worked for.

The first race was a huge success with 60 riders covered an amazing 1,500 miles.

What are the jerseys all about?

The Green Jersey is given to the best sprinter. Britain's Mark Cavendish is one of the world's best in this category, reaching speeds over 40 miles-per-hour.

But the tour isn't just about reaching the highest speeds - it's also known for its up-hill struggles. The riders climb thousands of metres up Alpine mountains, with the best rider on those stages winning a snazzy red and white Polka Dot Jersey.

The White Jersey is given to the best young rider - that's someone who's under 25 years old.

But the prize everyone wants is the Yellow Jersey. If you are in it, you are the overall race leader on total time since the start of the Tour.

Tour champions are often good at climbing, sprinting and time trialling.

Is it all about individuals?

No. It's a big team event but the team leader is very important. He's usually the stronger rider.

The other team members are traditionally called domestiques, from the French word for servants.

These riders work hard in every stage to protect their team leader.

If he gets a puncture, they will wait while the team mechanic changes his wheel.

The star-man will ride behind his team mates to get into their slipstream- that means there's less air resistance for him and it's easier to go fast.

Their reward is a share of the prize money and the glory of contributing to a successful team.

It's called the Tour de France but has it ever left the country?

Yes.

It regularly nips into other countries that border France.

The first two days of racing, the Grand Depart, are held in a new location every two years. It was in London in 2007 and even the county of Yorkshire has bid to hold the start of the event in 2016!

The 2013 Tour de France will be the 100th Tour de France. It is scheduled to start in Corsica, in the city of Porto-Vecchio. The island will host the first three stages.Corsica is currently the only Metropolitandepartment through which the Tour has never passed and the organisers wanted to combine the 100th edition of the Tour with the Tour's first ever visit to Corsica.

William Shakespeare (1564-1616)was an great English poet.He was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith.

When Shakespeare was about 20, he left his wife and children and went to London where he worked as an actor and playwright. His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.. He is noted for both “Venus and Adonis” and “The Rape of Lucrece.” Most of his plays were not published, but were rather written down as tracts so the actors could memorize lines. So publication of the plays today is based on collected folios, and critics differ on when each play was published.

Many of the plays of Shakespeare were performed at the Globe Theater in London, and also private plays were given for royalty, notably Queen Elizabeth I and her successor, King James. It is thought Shakespeare spent 25 years in London before retiring to his home in Stratford on Avon, where he lived the remaining 5 years of his life.

Shakespeare wrote histories, comedies, and tragedies. Comedies ended with marriage, tragedies with death. The last class, the romances, are neither comedy nor tragedy.

ComediesAlls Well That End’s Well, As You Like It, Merry Wives of Windsor, Twelfth Night,Comedy of Errors, Two Gentleman of Verona, Love’s Labours Lost, Midsummer Night’s Dream, Much Ado About Nothing, Taming of the Shrew, Merchant of Venice, and Measure for Measure.

RomancesA Winter’s Tale, Cymbeline, and Tempest.

Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the sixteenth century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights.

Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime. In 1623, two of his former theatrical colleagues published the First Folio, a collected edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now recognised as Shakespeare's.

Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the nineteenth century. The Romantics, in particular, acclaimed Shakespeare's genius, and the Victorians worshipped Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called "bardolatry". In the twentieth century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world.

Quotes of Shakespeare

To business that we love, we rise betime and go to't with delight.Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.Modest doubt is the beacon of the wise.Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear.Love looks not with the eyes, but with the mind; And therefore is winged Cupid painted blind.Cowards die many times before their death, the valiant never tastes death but once.Some are born great, some achieve greatness and some have greatness thrust upon then.When valour preys on reason, it eats the sword it fights with.Wise men never sit and wail their loss, but cheerily seek how to redress their harms.All the world is a stage and all of us are but players in the theatre of life.Dreams are toys. Yet for this once, yea, superstitiously, I will be squared by this.

Aristotle, the Greek philosopher was born into an aristocratic family in 384 BC. His father was the personal physician to the King of Macedon.In 367 BC, Aristotle went to Plato’s academy as a student, but he later became a teacher there. After Plato’s death in 347 BC, Aristotle renewed his connections to the Macedonian court and became a tutor to the king’s son, the future Alexander the Great.Unfortunately for modern scholars, only a small portion (approximately one-third) of Aristotle’s writing has survived. He composed two types of works, one designed for the general public and another designed specifically for students and teachers of philosophy. It is believed that it is the latter collection that remains today, which would explain the extremely dense nature of the material.Aristotle’s extant works can be divided into five categories: logic, physical works, psychological works, philosophical works, and natural history. Some of his most studied volumes today includeNicomachean Ethics,Politics,Rhetoric, andPoetics.In 323 BC Alexander the Great died unexpectedly and the government of Athens was overthrown by anti-Macedonian forces. Having had close connections with the Macedonian royal family, Aristotle was associated with the Macedonians and was unpopular with the new ruling powers. The new government brought charges of impiety against Aristotle, but he fled to his country house in Chalcis in Euboea to escape prosecution. Aristotle commented that he fled so that "the Athenians might not have another opportunity of sinning against philosophy as they had already done in the person of Socrates." About a year later, Aristotle died after complaints of a stomach illness.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF ARISTOTLE

A full presentation of the philosophical thought of Aristotle would require many volumes. However, some of the important points of that thought which influence the Aristotelian educational theory can be summarized briefly. Those points are:

1. METAPHYSICS.

a. Reality. The universe is composed of two ultimate entities, spirit or form and materiality or matter. All things are reducible to one or other of these basic entities.b. The Nature of Man. Man is a rational animal. He is animal in his possession of a body With its physical needs and appetites. He is rational because he has a soul. The active element of the soul is part of the universal principle of life. This element is immortal. The passive element of the soul is the individual personality, with memories and thoughts relating to the experiences of life. This passive element ceases to exist with death. The soul and body form a necessary whole for the existence of the organism. The implications of this theory are:

(1) Destiny. Man has no eternal destiny. He ceases to exist as an individual personality at death.(2) Nature. The highest faculty in man is his spiritual nature. Man acts according to his nature when he subordinates his physical appetites to reason.c. Teleology. There is purpose, order and intelligence in the universe, stemming from the first being, the unmoved Mover, God.2. EPISTEMOLOGY.a. Source of Truth. The faculty of reason in every man can be trained, through the principles of logic, to reason toward true conclusions. b. Nature of Truth. Truth is objective. For example, a true proposition does not depend upon the mind of the individual man for its existence. Truths exist in nature and are discoverable by the reason of man.3. ETHICS.a. Happiness. The highest good to which man may aspire is happiness. A truly happy life can be assessed only upon its completion. b. Naturalism. A man lives happily when his actions are in accordance with his nature. Man's spiritual nature is superior to his physical nature. The highest good for any man is the activity of his soul.

Aristotle

c. Reason. The faculty of reason, resident in the soul of man, must guide his every action. The physical appetites must be controlled by reason. Reason, therefore, is the source of virtue.d. Virtue. Man uses his reason to judge between the extremes of any given act. The middle course constitutes virtue. For example, the mean between the two extremes of the vice of rashness (excess of courage) and the vice of cowardice (lack of courage) is the virtue of temperate courage. 4. POLITICS.a. Purpose. The purpose of the state is to produce human good.b. Naturalism. Man is social by nature. He will naturally be political. The difficulty in political philosophy is to determine how man may act reasonably and virtuously to achieve the best political action.c. Reason. The ideal state must be reasoned as a mean between two governmental extremes. d. Constitutional Monarchy. The best form of government is a constitutional monarchy, which is the mean between the extremes of despotism and democracy. The constitution guarantees moderation between the demands of the wealthy and the interests of the poor. e. Public Education. The state is perpetuated through the education of its citizens. Therefore education is, of necessity, public in nature.

THE EDUCATIONAL THEORY OF ARISTOTLE

EDUCATION. The importance of education in the philosophy of Aristotle was great, since the individual man could learn to use his reason to arrive at virtue, happiness, and political harmony only through the process of education.1. AIM OF EDUCATION. The purpose of education is to produce a good man. Man is not good by nature. He must learn to control his animal activities through the use of reason. Only when man behaves by habit and reason, according to his nature as a rational being, is he capable of happiness. Education must aim at the development of the full potentialities of each man. It must seek the development of man's intellectual capacities to their fullest extent. It must aim also at developing each individual's body to its highest level of health and strength.2. EDUCATION OF WOMEN. Women were considered inferior to men. The nature of women suggested that their proper function was fulfilled exclusively in the home. Women would not be educated with men. They would receive training in gymnastics and domestic arts to enable them to manage households, to bear and raise children, and to please and be obedient to their husbands.3. EDUCATION OF MEN. Since citizenship would extend only to the aristocracy, which included rulers, soldiers, and priests, education would be given exclusively to this group. The farmer, laborer, merchant, and slave would be trained in whatever specific skills were required of them. Training in industrial arts or vocational skills is not education. Education is that which liberates man, enabling him to live his leisured existence according to his full potentialities. Education is therefore a practical means to the end of achieving the acme of man's nature.4. THE CONTENT OF EDUCATION. Education must not serve any mean or vocational activity. These activities are the functions of slaves. The subject material must train the future rulers in the use of reason. Future rulers must learn obedience and responsibility before they rule. We may infer from the curriculum of the Academy that the following subjects would be taught:

a. Basics. These would include reading, writing and mathematics (not for purposes of trade, but as a preparation for the intellectual abstractions of higher mathematics).b. Natural Sciences. Aristotle emphasized the natural sciences of astronomy, biology, physiology, zoology, chemistry and physics.c. Physical Education. The training of the body is important to the physical well-being of every citizen.d. Humanities. Rhetoric, grammar, poetry, politics and philosophy would be important subjects. During the early education of the child, Aristotle would have the state legislature censor the material which would be read by children.5. THE METHOD OF EDUCATION. Aristotle placed habit high in the learning process. Man learns by nature, by habit, and by reason. Consequently, the teacher would organize materials according to the laws of reason. Repetitive drill would be used to reinforce what was understood by reason.an elementary knowledge of reading and writing. Arithmetic was never developed to a sophisticated extent because of the awkward method of writing numerals.Quotes of Aristotle / Thoughts of Aristotle

Pleasure in the job puts perfection in the work.

Those who educate children well are more to be honored than parents, for these only gave life, those the art of living well.

There is a foolish corner in the brain of the wisest man.

Time crumbles things; everything grows old under the power of Time and is forgotten through the lapse of Time.”

“In all things of nature there is something of the marvelous.”

“Misfortune shows those who are not really friends.”

“He who has overcome his fears will truly be free.”

Nature does nothing uselessly.

What is a friend? A single soul dwelling in two bodies.

Humor is the only test of gravity, and gravity of humor; for a subject which will not bear raillery is suspicious, and a jest which will not bear serious examination is false wit.

Liars when they speak the truth are not believed.

The only stable state is the one in which all men are equal before the law.

Love truth, and pardon error.

Misfortune shows those who are not really friends.

Law is order, and good law is good order.

Hope is a waking dream.

Wit is educated insolence.

Happiness depends upon ourselves.

Young people are in a condition like permanent intoxication, because youth is sweet and they are growing.

Education is the best provision for old age.

The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.

Anyone can become angry - that is easy, but to be angry with the right person, to the right degree, at the right time, for the right purpose, and in the right way - this is not easy.

Virtue is a mean state between two vices, the one of excess and the other of deficiency.