Chymosin Lab. 1. Which variables influence enzyme performance in general? 2. With these variables in mind, hypothesize: What are the optimal conditions for the performance of chymosin? (Hint: you might investigate the normal conditions under which substances like chymosin are active).

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2. With these variables in mind, hypothesize: What are the optimal conditions for the performance of chymosin? (Hint: you might investigate the normal conditions under which substances like chymosin are active).

3. Briefly describe an investigation aimed at optimizing one variable in chymosin Performance.

Enzymes can dramatically lower the energy of activation for a reaction

no enzyme

with enzyme

E

a

E

Energy

a

reactants

products

Reaction Course

Note that the equilibrium of the reaction is unaffected

12

Slide 11

The stages of enzyme catalysis

Substrate(s) binding

Reaction of substrate to form product(s)

Release of products

The enzyme is ready to bind the next substrate

Enzymes are unchanged by the reactions they catalyze

Slide 12

Enzyme Inhibition- Enzymes can be sped up or slowed down

Slide 13

Protease inhibitors make enticing HIV drug candidates

Slide 14

Effects of Temperature and pH

Each enzyme has an optimal temperature in which it can function

Each enzyme has an optimal pH in which it can function

Tertiary structure can be radically altered by changes in pH

Slide 15

Optimal temperature for

typical human enzyme

Optimal temperature for

enzyme of thermophilic

(heat-tolerant

bacteria)

Different enzymes work optimally at different pHs and temper-atures

Rate of reaction

40

0

20

60

80

100

Temperature (°C)

Optimal temperature for two enzymes

Optimal pH for pepsin

(stomach enzyme)

Optimal pH

for trypsin

(intestinal

enzyme)

Rate of reaction

2

3

6

7

9

10

0

1

4

5

8

pH

Optimal pH for two enzymes

Slide 16

1. Which variables influence enzyme performance in general?

2. With these variables in mind, hypothesize: What are the optimal conditions for the performance of chymosin? (Hint: you might investigate the normal conditions under which substances like chymosin are active).

3. Briefly describe an investigation aimed at optimizing one variable in chymosin Performance.