Sea Power and Maritime Affairs Lesson 8: The U.S. Navy and American Imperialism, 1898-1914.

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Presentation on theme: "Sea Power and Maritime Affairs Lesson 8: The U.S. Navy and American Imperialism, 1898-1914."— Presentation transcript:

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Sea Power and Maritime Affairs Lesson 8: The U.S. Navy and American Imperialism, 1898-1914

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Learning Objectives Know the influence of the mass media in U.S. relations with Spain and the effect of the destruction of the U.S.S. Maine on public opinion. Comprehend the impact of Mahanian doctrine on the naval strategy and thinking in preparation for and conduct of the war. Comprehend the reasons for the acceleration of U.S. Navy expansion following the war with Spain.

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Learning Objectives Know the effect of the Progressive Era in domestic politics on the Navy. Comprehend the threats and resultant actions taken by the U.S. concerning activities in the Pacific and Caribbean during the period 1900-1914.

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Progressive Era Politics (1901- 1914) Strong Presidents: – Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. Republican Congress funds battleships and canal construction. – Large increases in federal budget. – Large increase in percentage of federal budget for Department of the Navy. Dewey and General Board – Access to Secretary of the Navy and / or the President on a regular basis due to increased importance of the Navy.

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Prewar International Concerns 1900-1914 Expanding Interests of Germany, U.S. attention to Caribbean Expanding Interests of Japan, U.S. attention in Pacific

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Panama Canal Renewed U.S. desire for canal in Central America. – Link between Atlantic and Pacific Fleets. Need for the canal is highlighted by USS Oregon’s long transit to the Battle of Santiago. Strong support from President Theodore Roosevelt. – Essentially Mahanian

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Panama Canal Panamanian Revolution against Colombia - 1903. – Engineered and influenced by U.S. – Panama Canal Zone ceded to U.S. Construction of the canal begins in 1904. – Completed in 1914. Increased importance of U.S. control of Caribbean Sea. – Protection of Panama Canal is vital to defense of the U.S.

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U.S. Interests in the Far East War Plan Orange – U.S. Navy plan for war with Japan. – Defense of the Philippines and defeat of the Japanese Navy.

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The Open Door U.S. “Open Door” policy in China: – Policy has two aspects. (1) Ensure territorial integrity of China. (2) Ensure free trade in China for all countries. – China’s Boxer Rebellion - 1900 U.S. Marine Regiment attached to U.S. Army force protecting Westerners. – Counter European and Japanese attempts at “spheres of influence”. Yangtze River Patrol - U.S. gunboats protect American commerce.

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Dawn of Naval Aviation Wright Brothers -- Kitty Hawk, North Carolina: 1903 Eugene Ely – First flight of an aircraft from a ship in 1910. – First landing of an aircraft on a ship in 1911. Glenn Curtiss - First seaplane landing - 1911. Lieutenant “Spuds” Ellyson: Naval Aviator #1. Royal Navy in a similar stage of development in aviation.