There has been quite a bit of misinformation published for this family, and so I think it is important to put down in writing a summary of the documentation that may help researchers find the correct trail to our ancestors. For additional information on this family while living back in Germany (Wuerttemberg) before their immigration to America, please see Our Kirschenmann Haritage in Wuerttemberg, Germany by Lionel Nebeker also available on this web-site in the “Library”.

In this document, I will merely summarize a bit of our family history in Germany to clarify our heritage so as to address some of the errors made by others. One of the errors that needs to be corrected is the claim that our immigrant ancestor, Hans Martin Kirschman, was the son of a woman named “Catharine Schloeweis”, or Catherine Ehlers, who then, as an older woman, married Hans’s father and begat our immigrant. This claim came about solely due to a newspaper article by that woman who was looking for her brother. Otherwise, there is absolutely no reason to connect her to our family, but because she was then married to some man by the name of “Kirschmann” various people have speculated that she must be Hans’s mother. That is a huge jump without any proof, and it is wrong. We are not related to that Schloeweis-Ehlers woman.

Another error that has been perpetuated is that our “Hans Martin” must have been a young boy, under age 16, when he came to North America, and that his name was therefore not recorded, but that the “Hans Martin Kirschman” listed on the passenger’s list must have been his father. Indeed, the man listed on that passenger’s list (and we’ll discuss that below) was our only immigrant by that name--and he was 20 years old at the time of his migration.

But, to help convince others of that claim, let’s begin our story with actual confirming documents from Germany. As mentioned earlier, we will not present all of our German genealogy here, but only those few events that are necessary to establish the accuracy of our direct ancestor. By the way, I should mention here that the church records for the Pfalzgrafenweiler Lutheran Parish are available in Salt Lake in the Family History Library, but they are old script and sometimes difficult for an American reader to study. Currently, a German professor, Herr Professor, Doktor Burkhart Oertel is about to publish a two-volume work where he has spent several years extracting family groups from the old books, not only in the Pfalzgrafenweiler Church, but also in surrounding parishes that inter-connect with our ancestry. The first volume should be published in 2013 and I have a standing order to buy a copy. In the meantime, Professor Oertel has been kind enough to share a number of items from the records with me regarding our direct lines. From the information he sent me, I will summarize our family in that area of Wuerttemberg (in what is now SW Germany).

In this paper, we will start with: Johann “Hanss” Martin Kirschenmann, who was born on 26 Feb. 1701 in Pfalzgrafenweiler. He was the son of Jacob Kirschenmann (who was the son of Heinrich Kirschenmann). It is clear from the baptisms of two of his children, that his first name (German Christian name) was “Johann” but in most records it appears that he went by the name of “Hanss” much of the time. We will used this spelling (with the double “ss”) as his name appears with that spelling most often in the records, and it will help us differentiate him from his son, who had the exact same name, but whose spelling usually (but not always) appears with one “s” as “Hans” Martin Kirschenmann (who was the immigrant to Pennsylvania).

Hanss (1701) grew up in, or near, Pfalzgrafenweiler. There is some reason to believe that their actual residence may have been in “Herzogsweiler”, which is located about two miles southwest of Pfalzgrafenweiler. But, at that time, there was no church in Herzogsweiler, so all those folks marched the two miles to the larger village to have their children baptized in Pfalzgrafenweiler, and all records appear as if they lived in that village.

{Herzog is the German word for “Duke”; whereas “Graf” is the German word for “Count”. A ‘weiler’ is a name-ending commonly used for small villages in that part of Germany, rather like the way we end many towns in various parts of America with either: ville, boro, burg, ton, ham, etc. Originally, it may have simply denoted a resting place for travelers to stop--like at an inn or tavern for a resting spot along the road. After coming to Pennsylvania, Hans Martin Kirschman (and their name was variously spelled) wrote that his mother was still living in “Duke im Weiler” which would suggest that her home was probably in Herzogsweiler.}

Hanss made his living as a “Floesser” (raftsman) on a river near his home. His occupation leads one to believe that he floated cargo down the river to larger markets for the local residents of his homeland. But, it is also possible that his work was more involved with ferrying people, carts, and cargo across a river. Either way, Hanss was familiar with how to build and operate a raft capable of transporting people and goods safely across bodies of water, and his son, growing up in that household, probably learned at an early age how to build and handle rafts.

In the parish register for Jakob’s Lutheran Church in Pfalzgrafenweiler, available in the Family History Library in Salt Lake [micro film # 1,884,557] we find the birth and christening record for our immigrant, Hans Martin Kirschenmann:

Year 1732, birth 5 February, Christened on the 7th of the same mo. Hanss Martin, born before the marriage of his parents but

later legitimized. Parents: Catharina Schmidin of Schopfloch and Hanss Martin Kirschenmann, the godless son of Jacob

Kirschenmann..

[The “in” on the end of Catherina Schmid’s name is simply a feminine ending and was not the way the whole family would have spelled their Schmid name. The term “godless” probably indicates that the father did not attend church regularly. We found his baptismal record in the parish registry as an infant, as well as his marriage and the baptisms of his children, so he was at least that religious, but probably did not attend very often.]

Now, quoting from Prof, Dr, Burkhart Oertel in a letter to me (translated by myself) he shared the following information from the parish records in Pfalzgrafenweier:

“Hans Martin Kirshenmann born in Pfalzgrafenweiler 5 Feb. 1732 (shortly before the marriage of his parents) along with his siblings:

Anna Marie born 29 May 1737 -- she had, in 1771, an illegitimate child [male] named Christian born in Pfalzgrafenweiler.

Magdalena born 12 June 1740

Anna Catharina born 19 June 1745.”

Remember the names of his sisters as they will come up again later in our discussion. Also note that in 1771, at least his sister Anna Marie was still living in their homeland and had not migrated to America. Also remember that, in those days, in German lands, it was not uncommon for young couples to delay their wedding until after the arrival of their first child. It appears that that was the case in this family.

Oertel’s letter continues: “The parents of these children were named: Hanss Martin Kirschenmann (occupation: raftsman and day laborer) in Pfalzgrafenweiler was married in Pfalzgrafenweiler on 28 Jan. 1733 with Anna Catharina, born Schmid [maiden name].”

Again, the above record comes from the Pfalzgrafenweiler Jakob’s Church record, which was the home parish of Hanss. His wife, Catherine Schmid (NOT Schloeweis) was not from this parish, but was born and raised in Schopfloch, a small village about six miles to the south of Pfalzgrafenweiler. Interestingly enough, her parish also recorded her marriage, even though it was not performed in their parish. Here, in this church, where we find the family of Matthias Schmid (b. 4 Dec. 1681 in Tumlingen, Schwarzwaldkreis, Wuerttemberg, as the son of Hans Jacob Schmid and Anna Maria Helber) who had married on 2 Aug. 1703 in Schopfloch, Anna Maria Weisser (b. 5 May 1684 in Schopfloch--the daughter of Georg Weisser and Barbara Singer). They had eight children, and their second child was: Anna Catharina Schmid b. 27 Oct. 1705. [See Ortssippenbuch Schopfloch / Oberiflingen, by Arnd Wuster 2005. Not available in this country, but a copy is in my personal possession.]

Now, there is a very interesting item noted for this young woman in her own parish record, which says that: she was married on 28 Jan. 1733 in Pfalzgrafenweiler to Johann Martin Kirschenmann, a rafter there, who was the son of Jacob Kirschenmann, who was a baker there. This date matches exactly with the record in the Pfalzgrafenweiler parish given above.

This clearly establishes the birth of Johann “Hans” Martin Kirschenmann (our immigrant ancestor) as the son of “Hanss Martin Kirschenmann and his wife, Anna Catharina Schmid, who were married about eleven months following his birth. There is also a note in the records stating that his birth was “legitimized”, which probably has reference to the fact that his parents did get around to marrying after his birth.

One more point needs to be made before we leave this family in Germany. In 1751 a new Lutheran Church was built in Herzogsweiler, just two miles SW of Pfalzgrafenweiler. It is possible that our family may have been living in this tiny village and begun attending there at that time. It was only one year later though, that our Hans migrated away from here and sailed to Pennsylvania. The graveyard adjacent to the new church did not open until 1754. Our immigrant (Hans Martin--1732)’s father, “Hanss Martin (1701) died on 1 May 1752 before the new church-yard was open for burials, and he was buried in Pfalzgrafenwieler. He did not immigrate to America because he died just about the same time as our “Hans Martin” did migrate. We do not know if Hanss’s widow, Anna Catharina Schmid Kirschenmann remained there at home or not, but from a later newspaper article from her son, asking if any of the new immigrants to PA knew of his mother and sisters back in “Duke im weiler” it would strongly suggest that at that time (1761) he understood that his family was still living in Herzogsweiler.

Schwartz -- Kuhn

Not far away, in the village of Goettelfingen (about 6-7 miles northwest of Pfalzgrafenweiler)--as the crow flies, lived the family of Christian Schwarz. He was not born there, and we do not have any indication of his homeland, but he moved there in time to marry Anna Maria Kuhn (b. 16 July 1702 in Goettelfingen, and who was the daughter of Johann Conrad Kuhn and Agnes Rothfuss). [See Ortssippenbuch Goettelfingen, p.239, by Guenther Frey.] This young couple had the following children:

Their oldest daughter, Agnes Schwartz is the one who is of the greatest interest to us, as our immigrant grandmother, but also take note of the names of her brothers, as two of those will come up again later.

Sometime after the birth of their second child, this family moved to Kaelberbronn, which is about four miles to the south of where they were living, and about half way to Pfalzgrafenweiler. We are not sure how their daughter, Agne Schwartz met up with our Hans Martin Kirschenmann, but they did, and became close friends. We have not found any record of their marriage in Wuerttemberg, but both families lived in the vicinity of each other and the Schwartz family may even have moved to Pfalzgrafenweiler, or attended church there. Their grand-daughter, Elizabeth Buck Garlick, clearly gave their names in her LDS temple work in 1841 in Nauvoo, Illinois, and again in 1872 in the Endowment House in Salt Lake City, stating that her grand-father’s name was “Hans Martin Kirschman”, and her grand-mother was “Agnes Schwartz”; and that her own mother was their daughter, “Catherine Kirschman” (or Cashman). Both Hans and Agnes were born in 1732 and would have married about 1751, when they were approximately 19 years old. The following year, 1752, they migrated together from Wuerttemberg to Pennsylvania.

For the source of much of the following information, see: History and Genealogy of the German Emigrant Johan Christian Kirschenmann, Anglicized Cashman by Arthur Weaner and William F. Shull, Sr. privately published in 1958-a copy of which can be found on the Internet via HeritageQuest, in their “Books” selection.

Johann “Hans” Martin Kirschman & Agnes Schwartz

Hans Martin Kirschenmann and his young bride, both about 20 years old, began their migration together down the Rhine River in 1752. We will assume they were married in about 1751 (at age 19--but again, no record of their marriage has been found). It usually took about six weeks to descend the river and stop to pay all the tolls for the various segments patrolled on the river. They would have reached the mouth of the river in Amsterdam, Holland about June of 1752. This is critical to our branch of the family since Elizabeth Buck Garlick said that her mother, Catherine Kirschman, was born in Holland [see 1880 US census for Springville, Utah] and the only time this family ever came through Holland was in the early summer of 1752--about June. This would make the rest of the voyage across the ocean very difficult for the young mother, Agnes Schwartz Kirschenmann.

They sailed on the ship, “Edinburgh” with James Russell, Captain. They arrived safely in Philadelphia on 19 Sep. 1752. See ship’s passenger list below:

This Hans Martin Kirschman was the 20 years old father of our American family by this name. He was not this man’s father, as has been speculated by some. He, his wife, Agnes, and their infant daughter, Catharine were the only persons by that name on board this ship.

In all of Pennsylvania there were only two Kirschman (Kirschenmann, even by other variant spellings) families that can be found in the time frame between 1752 and 1776. The first was Johann “Hans” Martin Kirschman, who came from Herzogsweiler—(or Pfalzgrafenweiler), Wurttemberg, Germany, arriving at Philadelphia on the Ship “Edinburgh”, James Russell Commander, on 19 Sept. 1752 (see above). The ship’s manifest listed only the heads of families and not all passengers. On the ship’s register, his name is shown as: “Hans Martin Kirschman”. (Hans being a shortened version of the name “Johann” or “Johannes”.) This ship began its transport in Amsterdam, Holland with most of the passengers being German immigrants, and then sailed to Cowes, on the Isle of Wight, in England, before being allowed to proceed on to the British colony of Pennsylvania.

In 1761, after living in PA for nine years, and after succeeding waves of immigrants had arrived in Berks Co. from the Wuerttemberg area of Germany, Johann Martin Kirschman took out a newspaper article in the local paper inquiring if any of the new arrivals might know anything about his family back home in Germany.

"The following was noted in excerpts from Christopher Sower's Germantown Newspaper (1743-1762). 'Johan Martin Kirschmann, Maidencreek township, Berks Co., from the Wurtenberg Domain of the Palatine, Duke in Weiler, seeks information about his mother Catharina Kirschmannin, and his two brothers in law, Christian and Frederick Schwartz, also his two sisters, Maria and Catharina Kirschmannin.'"

This clearly states that, at that time, he believed that his mother and two sisters, as well as his wife's brothers, were still living back home in "Duke in Weiler" (or in German—Herzog in weiler, or Herzogsweiler) in Wuettemberg. This also infers that his wife was from the same little town. They may not have been born there but their families last resided there. Herzogsweiler is a very tiny village next to Pfalzgrafinweiler, deep in the Black Forest, about 35 miles SW of Stuttgart, Germany. {The spelling of his Mother and Sister’s names: “Kirschmannin” is merely putting a feminine ending on their name and does not really infer an alternate spelling of the basic name.} Note too that this newspaper inquiry does not mention any “brothers” of Martin. } Now, remember that in the Church records we have already listed above, Hans Martin had three sisters, evidently, he must have known that his sister, Magdalena was already dead. But, he had two other sisters: Anna Marie and Anna Catharina. His mother’s name was also “Catharina”, which matches this article. Then too, his wife, Agnes, had three brothers, this article inquires after two of those, which match her brothers above: Johannes, Christian, and Georg Friedrich. This provides us with very strong proof that we are following the correct trail to the correct ancestors.

The other family by that name living in Pennsylvania at about that time was that of Johan Christian Kirschman (Kirschenmann) who boarded a ship “Hamilton”, Charles Smith, Commander, in Rotterdam, Netherlands, and sailed to Cowes, England, arriving at Philadelphia, PA on 9 Nov. 1767 (15 years after Johann Martin Kirschman). Nothing else is known of this second man until he shows up as a resident of York Co., PA in 1779. He resided in this county (first in Menallen twp and then in Strabane twp) until his death on 22 Apr. 1801 (age 74 yrs, 4 ms). His wife, Cathrana or Cathrina, Kersheman died there the following year, 25 Dec. 1802 (age 66 yrs). The names of their children are known (at least six of them):

Christianb. 4-10-1762

Barbarab. ca 1764

Georgeb. ca 1765

Johnb. ca 1766

Susanb. ca 1770

Williamb. 4-16-1774 in Pennsylvania

Both of the above men were thought to have come from the same general area in Wuerttemberg, Germany. Both were of a similar age, (Johann Martin born 5 Feb. 1732, and Johan Christian born 11 Dec. 1726). Both sailed to the port of Philadelphia. Johann Martin came first and settled originally in Maidencreek twp, Berks Co., PA, but then moved to York Co., PA before the arrival of Johan Christian, who then also came to York Co., PA. Both men (or their children) anglicized their names from the original German “Kirschman” (or Kirschenamnn, meaning Cherryman or Cherriesman) to “Cashman” after arriving in America. We have not yet established a connection between these two men but it seems possible that they may have been some kind of relatives.

However, I received an email from a woman named Susan Kaltenbaugh (7-22-2012) who relayed the following:

Trying to find something on the internet about my Cashman/Kirshman ancestors

and stumbled into your site. I am descended from the Christian Cashman who

is listed in the Shull/Weaner book you quote. Just as an FYI, Christian came

from Alsace. That was discovered by Burgett (I think that is her name) in

one of her books listing German immigrants of the 1700s and Arthur Weaner

incorporated it into an update of the Weaner/Shull book some years ago.

We know the names of the following children of Johann Martin Cashman and his wife, Agnes Schwartz, who were still living in 1804 when Martin made his will in Bedford Co., Virginia--from the gaps between their birth years, there could have been additional children who died earlier than this date.

1. Catherine Cashman--This woman’s daughter, Elizabeth Buck Garlick, lists herself as the daughter of this woman in the Nauvoo Baptismal records of 1840-41; and again in the Endowment House Baptismal Transcripts dated 25 July 1872, in Salt Lake City—LDS ordinances. In those same records she, Elizabeth Buck Garlick, identifies her mother, Catherine Cashman, as the daughter of Johann Martin Cashman and Agnes Schwartz. Additionally, in the 1880 US census for Utah, Elizabeth Buck Garlick, was living in Springville, UT and at that time she was asked for the birth place of her parents. She reported that her father was born in N.J.; and her mother in “Holland.” This mention of Holland corresponds with family tradition (expressed in the TIB cards of Joseph Gaston Garlick) that Catherine Cashman was indeed born in Holland. The only time this family ever set foot in Holland was for a very brief period while they were underway in their migration from Wuerttemberg to America in the summer of 1752. Such migrations typically departed in early to mid May, sailing down the Rhine River to Amsterdam, or some other port (but the records for Johann Martin Kirschman expressly say that they departed from Amsterdam, which is logical as it is at the mouth of the Rhine River). Here they remained for just a couple of weeks, just long enough that they could book passage on a British ship heading for America—and perhaps delay the trip a bit longer if Agnes was delivering her baby. They arrived in Philadelphia on 19 Sept. 1752, which would mean that they would have had to leave Amsterdam very early in July. The family would only have been in “Holland” for a couple weeks in June. Since the daughter, Catherine, was born in Holland, then her birth would have had to take place in that short interval in June 1752. The family never returned to Holland after arriving in Pennsylvania. We know that both of her parents were just twenty years old at the time of Catharine’s birth (both parents were born in 1732--(see Our Kirschenmann Heritage in Wuerttemberg, Germany on this same web-site for more documentation of the earlier family). Her parents were “probably” married about 1751 and departed Germany pregnant with Catherine. More will be given on the life and family of this woman later in this document.

4. Mary Cashman -- b. c. 1765-67 at Maidencreek (Oetelaune), Berks Co., PA No record of her birth has been found. However, in the Endowment House records cited above, Elizabeth Buck Garlick indicated that she was a “niece” of this woman. She was also listed by her father in his will.

Martin Kirschman was listed as a carpenter, and paid taxes on 1 horse and two cows in Berks Co., PA in 1767 [Tax List of Berks County] and was also listed in the tax list for 1768. But, sometime between 1768 and 1775 he moved his family from Berks Co., to York Co., PA where he remained until about 1777. Here their last child--Elizabeth--was born. There are significant gaps between the recorded births of the above documented children. It seems likely that Martin and Agnes may have had additional children between 1753 and 1775 but if so, they did not survive.

In about 1776-77 the family moved again. This time they left York County, PA and moved south, into Washington County, Maryland. They were not there yet in time for the 1776 tax list, but were there shortly thereafter.

Their move came early in the American Revolutionary War war period. Hans Martin Kirschenman, who, by this time, often went by the shorter name of “Martin Kirschman”, was about 44 years old when he, together with his oldest son, Joh. George (age about 20), enlisted in the Washington County Militia in Maryland for 1776-1777. They were both in the 2nd Battalion and in Captain James Smith’s company. The company was divided into eight “classes” (or what we today would call “platoons”). A “class” was not a matter of superiority, but simply a number for a sub-group of the company. There were from 7-10 private soldiers in each of the classes. “Martin Kishman” was a private in the 7th class; and his son, “George Kishman” was a private in the 2nd class. [Source: The Maryland Militia in the Revolutionary War, by S. Eugene Clements and F. Edward Wright. Family Line Publications, Silver Springs, MD 1987.] We don’t know what military service they provided, but many of the militias stayed near their homes to help defend them against Indian attacks. {We remember that our Martin Kirschmann had a son who was also named Martin Kirschman “Jr.” but he would have been just 14-15 years old and too young to be enlisting in the military at this time.

During this period, Hans Martin’s oldest son, George, married in Washington County, MD and had a daughter on 13 Nov. 1777, who was then baptized in the St. John’s Evangelical Lutheran Church in “Elizabeth Town” (now Hagerstown) Maryland on 13 Nov. 1777 [Washington County, Maryland Church Records of the 18th Century, by Family Lines Publication, 1988. p. 3.] This is another indication that the militia probably stayed close to home.

In 1778 (during the war years) Men were asked to take an “Oath of Allegiance” to the new United States of America. This was one way to separate the “Patriots” from the “Tories”. Martin Kirshman took the oath before the Honorable Henry Schnebley [Revolutionary Patriots of Washington Co., MD 1776-1783. by Henry C. Peden Jr. p. 98.]

The first minister of St. John’s Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hagerstown, was Rev. George Young. That parish does not have a lot of early records that survived, but there is a list of the marriages performed by Rev. George Young. This record contains the following entry in the section for “Washington County, Marriages”:

Boumgartner, Adam and Cath. Kershman. Oct. 11, 1779, performed by Rev. George Young.

There was also a mention of Adam Bumgartner as a resident of Washington Co., MD, in 1778, the year prior to his marriage. No other records for Adam can be found. We did find military records for a Jacob and also for a William Bumgartner--whose wife, Margaret claimed his military pension in 1827. Both of theses men were from Washington Co., MD and may have been related to our Adam.

This “Catherine Kershman” was the oldest daughter of our Hans Martin Kirschman. She was married first to Adam Boumgartner (Bumgartner, Bumgardner) and they had four children between 1780-1787. Catherine’s daughter by her second husband, David Buck, says that she had four half-brothers and sisters: John, Jacob, Barbara, and Elizabeth Bumgardner. She did not give dates of birth for any of these siblings. More on this family in a later section about Catherine.

I have seen a claim that Martin Kirschman may have moved to Bedford County, PA about at this time and paid taxes there in 1779. I have not been able to find him on any such tax list for that period, but that doesn’t mean that such a record does not exist. The source given is: Bedford County, PA 1779 Tax list. Family Line Publications, p.69 -- FHL in Salt Lake, 974.5 Al No. 430.] If this is correct, then Martin Kirschman may have met our ancestor, and his future son-in-law, David Buck, at that time.

As the Revolutionary War drew towards its close with the surrender of General Cornwallis to George Washington at Yorktown, VA in 1781 thousands of British soldiers were taken as prisoners. One of the places used to hold these prisoners was located in Washington County, MD. The prisoners were marched north, across Virginia and up the Potomac River to where Martin Kirschman operated a ferry between Berkeley County, VA (now W. VA) and Washington Co, MD. Remember that Martin’s father was a raftsman back in Pfalzgrafenweiler, and young Martin would have grown up helping his father. He was familiar with how to build and handle rafts. So, it is not surprising that he was now operating a ferry across the Potomac River. He would have been 49 years old at this time and still close to his prime, having worked hard for most of his life. He was given a certificate that he could later submit for payment, for ferrying 556 prisoners and guards, and 1 wagon and team on their march from Winchester, Virginia to Fort Frederick, in Maryland. For his services he was allowed 7 pounds, 17 shillings. [Virginia Publick Claims -- Berkeley County, by Janice L. Abercrombie and Richard Slatten, Iberian Publishing Co., p.18 lists Martin Kershman.] In 1784 Martin Kirschman went to Berkeley Co., VA (just across the river from Washington Co., MD) to redeem his certificate and to collect his pay for the services rendered, as mentioned above.

We have not been able to find any other records for our Hans Martin Kirschman after this date--except for his will. In 1783 a “Martin Kershman” from Washington Co., MD was listed on the Maryland Tax list, but that appears to be the son of our “Martin”, or “Martin Jr.” His brother, George “Cashman” is also listed, as well.

In the 1790 census for PA, there were two Cashman families listed at that time. In fact, there were only two “Cashman” families listed in all of the USA for that year. They were:

These were not from the family of Hans Martin and Agnes Kirschman / Cashman, but may have been related to the other family that we discussed earlier. Remember that both families began using the “Cashman” spelling of their name around this point in time, although, they did not use it exclusively.

In that 1790 census, we cannot find our Martin Kirschman anywhere. Although, in Washington County, MD we find the following:

Kershman, George 2 males > age of 16; 1 male < 16; 8 females.

Again, George was the oldest son of our Hans Martin. We are not sure who all of the people were who were living with him in his home, but he could have had both of his parents living with him, along with some of his sisters, but this is just a guess. There was another interesting entry in the same county, but we cannot claim that it is our ancestor.

Keishner, Martin 2 males > age 16; 2 males < 16; 6 females.

This surname is just not close enough to say that this was our “Martin Kirschman” but it is given here only as a point of interest. There were other “Kershners” in the area and it is more likely that he was one of their relatives.

In the same year as this census--1790, we find the marriage of Martin’s daughter, Mary Kirschmann in Berkeley Co., VA She married Jacob Bassell (Paitsel) there and later moved to Franklin Co., VA, where she died around 1856. This may be an indication that Hans Martin & Agnes may still have been living in the general area at that time--and perhaps had moved over to the Virginia side of the river. {Note too that Elizabeth Buck Garlick, stated that she had an Aunt Mary, who married a Mr. Jacob “Batesel”. It seems evident that we are talking about the same persons. [1790 Martinsburg, Berkeley County, Virginia. On 8 December 1790 Mary Kershman and Jacob Bassell (Paitsel) are married. Witness: Peter Myers. Source: Marriage licenses & bond in possession of Kris Kerlin--found on the internet.]

Now, we have an even longer stretch without any documentation, but in 1803, Hans Martin & Agnes’s youngest daughter, Elisabeth Kirschman, or “Betsy” married Jesse Orendorff in Bedford Coounty, VA (or Botetourt County, VA). This Elisabeth and her husband, moved to Breckenridge County, Kentucky, following her older bother, Martin Cashman, Jr. Again, we can confirm that this is indeed our family, since our Grandmother, Elizabeth Buck Garlick, stated that her Aunt Elisabeth married a Mr. Orendorf. If this youngest daughter was married in Bedford County, VA in 1803, then perhaps her parents had moved to this locality some years before and that may account for why we have found no more records of them in Washington County, MD.

At least by 1804, and probably earlier, our Hans Martin Kirschman and Agnes Schwartz had moved to Bedford County, VA., which occupies most of the area between Roanoak and Lynchburg, VA in southwestern Virginia. Here Martin made his last will and testament as follows:

Will of Martin Keshmon (Cashman, Kirschmann)

Probated 25 June, 1804

Composed and witnessed, 17 April, 1804

Transcribed from the handwritten script by Gordon Bates

In the Name of God, Amen. I Martin Keshmon of the County of Bedford and State of Virginia being weak and infirm tho in perfect sence and memory do make this my last Will and Testament in maner and form following. Viz. After my body is laid in the clay and all my just debts paid, I will and bequeath to my beloved wife, Agness Keshmon, all my Land and other Estates—Horses, Cattle and Hoggs, money and all and every other property that does remain after my Debts is paid to peaceably possess and enjoy during her life , then what shall remain of my Estate after my death I will it to be sold and the Money equally divided between my seven children: Namely, George Cashman, Catharine Buck, Martin Keshmon Jun., Mary Batesel, Christian Keshmon, Abraham Keshmon, Elizabeth Orunduff, to them and theirs forever. It is also my desire that my wife, Agness Keshmon and Isaac Sinclair Jun. Should be my Executors—In Witness whereof I have thereunto set my hand and seal the seventeenth day of April One Thousand Eight hundred and four.

Martin X Keshmon Seal

Teste

James Ripley

Presley Sinclair

Abner Petty

As a Court held for Bedford County at the Courthouse the 25th Day of June 1804—

This last Will and Testament of Martin Kershmon, deceased, was exhibited in Court and proved by the oath of James Ripley, a subscribing witness and continued for further proof and a Court held for said County the 24th day of September 1804—this will was further proved by the oath of Presley Sinclair another subscribing witness and ordered to be recorded. And on the motion of Isaac Sinclair, the Executor therein named, who made oath together with Alexander Simmons his Security entered into and acknowledged their Bond in the Penalty of Five Hundred Dollars conditioned as the Law directs Certificate is granted him for obtaining Probate thereof in due form. Liberty being granted the other Executors to join in the probate thereof when he shall think fit.

Teste, L. Steptae CBC

Will Books 1763-1914 1754-1976 Virginia County Court (Bedford County)

Will Book volume 3 page 40 Family History Library film number 1,941,023

It is clear that this is our direct ancestor. His wife, Agnes, was still living at that time. He specifically mentions each of his children, including our ancestor, “Catherine Buck”.

In the 1810 US census there were five Cashman families back in PA. Three of them were still in Adams Co., and two were in Bedford Co., PA. In about 1778-79, Catherine Cashman married David Buck. We are not at all sure where the wedding occurred, but probably in Washington Co., Maryland—no record of it has been found. They moved back to his home in Bedford Co., PA where they raised their family and remained for the rest of their lives. Sometime between 1800-1810, two more Cashman families: George and John followed Catherine and David Buck over to Bedford Co., PA and George even lived very close to them in Providence Twp. We cannot tell what, if any connection, these Cashman families had with our Catherine. Back in Adams Co., PA were still the following Cashman families: Christian, another George, and a William. Could this Christian be the brother of our Catherine?

In the 1820 US census, there was only one Cashman family still in the area and this was for a George Cashman in Providence Twp, Bedford Co., PA. He and his wife were both over 45+ years and had no children still living with them.

Catherine Kirschman / Cashman

As discussed above, Catherine Kirschman was born about June of 1752 in Amsterdam while her family was en route from Germany to America. Holland was not her family home but merely the place they happened to be passing through at the time she chose to enter this world. It would have been a tough voyage for her to cross the Atlantic as an infant, and would have been even more difficult for her young mother so soon after delivering the baby.

Catherine spent her early years in Berks County, PA until she was in her mid-teens, when the family moved to York County, PA, and about 25 years old when they moved to Washington County, MD. Here, in 1779 (at the age of 27) she married Adam Boumgardner, as mentioned above.

Boumgartner, Adam and Cath. Kershman. Oct. 11, 1779, performed by Rev. George Young.

There were only two Catherine Kirschmans (by any spelling) that we can find in the USA at that time. One was our ancestor, who was a single, 27 year old, and living right in that county. The other was the wife of the John Christian Kirschenmann, who was still living with her husband long after this date—and who, therefore, would not have been marrying another man at this time. The timing is just right for this to be our Catherine. Family tradition, as well as later temple ordinances show that she married a Mr. “Bumgardner” at about this time, by whom she had four Bumgardner children between 1780-1786—John, Jacob, Barbara & Elizabeth [see the transcript of the Endowment House baptismal records of Elizabeth Buck Garlick, June 25, 1872]. The family group sheet for her though, says that her first husband was “prob John Bumgardner”. It is apparent that there was uncertainty about this man’s first name. We have no other record of this husband. Adam Boumgardner (Bumgardner) probably died about 1786.

It is not clear where and how Catherine next met David Buck, but since he was absent from his home in Bedford Co., PA from 1785 till about 1789. It is likely that he came to Washington County, MD, where he met Catherine and her Bumgardner children. We know that Catherine was born in 1752, making her around 36 years old when she married David Buck in about 1788, or 1789. We don’t know his age exactly, but in the 1800 census he said that he was over 45 years old, meaning that he was born before 1755. We assume that his age was similar to hers.

Shortly after their marriage, they returned to David’s home in Bedford County, PA, where this couple had David’s first child, a son, Thomas Buck, named after David’s father. In addition to her four Bumgardner children, Catherine had at least five Buck children who lived to maturity. From the various US census records, it appears that Catherine may have had another son and perhaps even another daughter, (names unknown) who did not survived passed 1816 (the year David made his will) but if so, no temple baptisms have been found for them.

The only known children for Catherine Kirschman (Cashman) are as follows:

We do not know the birth years of any of these, but they all would have been born between 1780-86 and probably in Washington Co. We have assigned birth years to them separated by two years beginning in 1780 and ending in 1786. Their births may not have even been in the above order.

With David Buck (married about 1788-1789, probably in Washington Co., MD)

Thomas Buck 20 Mar 1790

Elizabeth Buck 2 May 1795

Susannah Buck abt 1798

David Buck, Jr. (10 Oct.?) 1800 (assumed twin of Mary—both born 1800)

Mary Buck 10 Oct. 1800

David and Catherine remained on Brush Creek in West Providence, Bedford, PA for the rest of their lives. David made his will there in 1816 (at the age of about 64) and in it he mentions his “beloved wife Catherine Buck” indicating that she was still alive at that time. As far as we know, Catherine never made a will. She died after 1816 probably in Providence Township, Bedford County, PA.

Notes:

Over a gradual period of time during the first generation in America, the family began modifying their name from the original German: Kirschenmann, to a variety of spellings and presumably pronunciations, including names that probably sounded like: Kerschman, Karschman, Kashman and eventually became Cashman, which was commonly being used by about 1790.

David Buck in the U S Census for Bedford Co., PA:

David Buck 1820David Buck 1810

1 m 10-16 1 m 16-26

1 m 26-45 1 m over 45

1 f under 10 1 f under 10

2 f 16-26 1 f 16-26

1 f 45 and over 1 f over 45

3 children at home in 1810

(Likely David Jr., his family & mother)

David Buck 1800David Buck 1790

2 m under 10 2 males 16 and up including head

1 m 10-16 2 males under 16

1 m 45 and older 3 free white females

3 f under 10

1 f 26-45

6 children total in 1800 and 3 more after 1800 making a total of 9 children. We know of only 6. It is likely that there were other, extended family members living with David at various times… probably some of Catherine’s Bumgartner children; or perhaps a younger brother, Ichabod; and/or sisters (Massa, or Elizabeth)

According to David Buck's will, there are two daughters younger than Elizabeth Buck, who was born 2 May 1795. They are named in the will: Susannah and Mary.

Excerpts from the

History and Genealogy of the German Emigrant

Johan Christian Kirschenmann

Anglicized Cashman

With References to Other Cashman Surnames in America…

By

Arthur Weaner

And

William F. Shull, Sr. 1842-1927

Privately printed for the author (Weaner) in 1957.

Chapter 1

Historical Introduction

There were many political and religious difficulties multiplied by physical hardships in continental Europe during the 16th, 17th an 18th centuries to make the mind fertile to emigration to America. Suffice to mention the Reformation when Martin Luther tacked the ninety five thesis to the church door in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517… the Peace of Augsburg in 1555… The Thirty Years War 1618-48, largely a land reform war… the Peace of Westphalia 1648… the Feuding Bourbon, Habsburg, Hohenzollern families in addition the Holy Roman Emperors… the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685… The war of the Austrian Succession 1740-48, which had repercussions in America as King George’s War… The Seven Years War 1756-63, resulting in America as the French and Indian War… and the Treaty of Paris in 1763 in which England gained complete control of the American Colonies.[1] By a more fuller reference to these events, it then does not become too hard for us to realize and understand why these impoverished, downtrodden and persecuted peoples packed their few cherished possessions, including the German Bible, in a trunk, tore themselves away from family, friends, loved ones, home and community, to depart never to return, for a strange, unknown and uninhabited land thousands of miles across the vast Atlantic Ocean, and here to found, with the help of God, the greatest country on earth, where “all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”[2] What a far cry this was then, and is to some extent today, from European despotism. Let us never fail those Pioneers.

In 1681 William Penn received from King Charles II of England, 40,000 square miles of land in America, in liquidation of a debt of 16,000 pounds the British government owed William Penn’s father. It was the largest tract of land ever granted in America, under which Penn was made the proprietor and invested with the privilege of creating a political government. Thus, in theory Pennsylvania, as the land was subsequently named, was not the colony of any foreign power. However, Penn being a British subject and owing allegiance to the Crown, it was English in substance and English common law was administered. In order to procure settlers for his uninhabited land, Penn himself and through agents, visited the Rhine provinces, proclaiming the news of his acquisition and extending invitations to the people to establish themselves here. Thus, actually they were invited to leave the old and establish anew here.

The journey to Pennsylvania consumed from eighteen to twenty six weeks.[3] The first part was the journey from the Palatine down the Rhine River to Rotterdam, in our case, or to some other seaport {note that for the family of Johann Martin Kirschman, the embarkation port was Amsterdam}. This was begun in early May, unusually, and lasted from four to six weeks, depending upon the convenience of the custom house officials in examining the vessels at the approximately two dozen points along the way. It is said that Christian Cashman could relate the names of the various custom stations passed by the family on their journey to Pennsylvania.[4] Upon reaching Holland (or seacoast) another detainment of some weeks is forced upon the traveler in obtaining passage. The time element herein causes the spending of precious money for food, which creates more discontent. From Rotterdam, or other port, the ship went to England, usually Cowes on the Isle of Wight, to obtain clearance from the British authorities, and to await favorable winds. This consumed another week or two. Thus at last the actual voyage is under way.

The Passengers were usually crowded, with insufficient and improper food and water, subjecting many to all sorts of diseases which resulted in the death of many, especially the children. Some of the captains were reputed to be cruel and indifferent to their passengers.

Concerning the voyage, the following his from the account of Gottlieb Mittelberger of his voyage on the Ship Osgood, 9/29/1750. [5]

“The misery reaches the climax when a gale rages for two or three nights and days, so that every one believes that the ship will go to the bottom with all human beings on board. In such a visitation the people cry and pray most piteously. When in such a gale the sea rages and surges, so that the waves rise often like mountains one above the other, and often tumble over the ship, so that one fears to go down with the ship; when the ship is constantly tossed from side to side by the storm and waves, so that no one can either walk, or sit, or lie, and the closely packed people in the berths are thereby tumbled over each other, both the sick and the well—it will be readily understood that many of these people, none of who had been prepared for hardships, suffer so terribly from them that they do not survive.”

Upon arrival at last at Philadelphia there is further delay and duties to be attended to. The vessels are anchored in the harbor and a health check is made. Those who are well proceed to Philadelphia, the sick were, in later years, placed in a hospital on an island in the bay.

It was of early concern to the rulers of the Province of the emigration of the Germans to English Pennsylvania. Thus, it is unique that of the original colonies, Pennsylvania was the only one requiring oaths of Allegiance to the British Crown and oaths of Abjuration and Fidelity to the Proprietor and the laws of the province of Pennsylvania.

From the dock, the arrivals go to the City Hall, sign the above oaths, and square their account with the Captain. Many were sold for a number of years, as Indentured Servants, or obtained passage money from relatives or friends.

To what extent Christian Cashman, his wife and family participated in these sufferings is not known, but it is safe to assume that they endured many trials.

It is on these ship and oath lists above referred to, that is found the name of JOHAN CHRISTIAN KIRSCHENMANN. This is the only person found with this spelling, and no other variants appear. His name appears on list 265C[6], the heading which reads:

“At Mr. Willing’s Office, October 6, 1767.

Present: Thomas Willing, Esquire.

The Foreigners whose names are underwritten, imported in the Ship Hamilton, Commanded by Charles Smith, from Rotterdam, did this day take and subscribe the usual Qualifications. Consigned to Messrs. Willing & Morris. In the List 152. Whole Freights 302. Pd 9th November 1767.”

Only the names of males above age sixteen appear, but tradition states he was accompanied by his wife, Catharan (whose maiden name has not been ascertained), and five of his six children,[7] viz: Christian, Barbra, George, John and Susanah. William the sixth and youngest child, is said to be the only one born in America. However, the author believes that both Susanah and William were born in America, but I have ever been able to ascertain a location. Thus, our forefathers arrived, as did so many of the Pioneers, when winter winds were blowing in their faces, to multiply the physical hardships. Politically they arrived when the Colonies were in great conflict with the Mother Country over representation, taxes, troops and money matters, as well as the unrest preceding our independence…

{Note: While the above quoted history is not for our direct ancestor, it is interesting for us as our ancestor, Johann Martin Kirschman/Cashman, would have made virtually the same voyage, requiring about the same amount of time and in similar conditions. The family discussed, by his descendents in this story, were very likely to have been close relatives of our Johann, perhaps even a brother—the connection, however, has not been established. This family relocated to York County, PA, where our Kirschman/Cashman family was already living. We will now skip over to Chapter II, Part 3, of the same work and pick up our quoted material as the author begins to discuss other families by the name of Kirschman, and specifically discusses what he knew about our family.}

Footnotes to Chapter I:

[1] By a fuller reference to these cited events a much more complete and comprehensive understanding of the causes of emigration be appreciated. Also recommended in the Book of Martyrs by Rev. John Fox, 1838.

[2] The Declaration of Independence, 1776.

[3] Proceedings of The Pennsylvania German Society, vol. 42, 1934. The paragraphs pertaining to the voyage are from the volumes Pennsylvania German Pioneers, vol. 1, a publication of the above society, and quoted by permission. Letter of Rev. Thomas R. Brendle, Secretary, January 17, 1955.

[7] Shull MSS. Mr. Shull apparently never was aware of the spelling Kirschenmann. He ascribed an emigration date of ca. 1774.

Chapter II

Part 3

Other Cashman Names of German Origin

On the Ship Edinburgh, James Russell Commander, from Rotterdam, {Note: the author made an error here. The actual ships register clearly states that this ship departed from Amsterdam—see ships list above.} but last from Cowes, England, arriving at Philadelphia, Pa, 19th September 1752, there is noted the name HAS MART. KIRSCHMAN[1] {Note: the name is actually written as “Hans Martin Kirschman”.} This is a surname of two syllables.

In the record book entitled Church Book for the Community at Ontelaune, commenced 1741, Berks County, (The Moselem Union Lutheran and Reformed Church, presently at Kutztown), the following entries are noted.[2]

In the Provincial tax lists for the eyar 1759 for Maidencreek Township, Berks County, Pa., there appears the name: Martin Carshman.[3]

At the same source for the year 1767, under name Martin Kirschman, a carpenter, 1 horse and 2 cows, tax L2.[4] The surname Kerschner appears frequently in Berks County records. {Note: Although it is true that the name of Kerschner (by various spellings) appears elsewhere in this county, it does not appear that any of those were related to our family. The two families we have been following, although they have a variety of spellings, almost always end in a “man” or “mann” or “mannin”, but not in “ner”.}

In the same location and source Martin Kershman, carpenter, is listed for the year 1768, tax L1.[5]

The records of Christ Lutheran Church, York, Pa., the following entry, which certainly must apply to the above.[6]

The following was noted in excerpts from Christopher Sower’s Germantown Newspaper (1743-62).[7]

“Johan Martin Kirschmann, Maidencreek township, Berks Co., from the Wurtemberg Domain of the Palatine, Duke in Weiler, seeks information about his mother Catharina Kirschmannin, and his two brothers in law, Christian and Frederick Schwartz, also his two sisters, Maria and Catharina Kirschmannin.”

This is all the data found on this family, and no descendants have been ascertained at the time of writing. From the above information it is quite apparent the family was moving from place to place, and thus it seems very probable that the following entry would pertain to Christian Kirschmann, son of Hans Martin.

List of inhabitants of Providence Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania, made subject by law to the performance of militia duty, taken by Peter Morgert, the 27th Jany. 1789: Christopher Cashman.[8]

As Christian, son of Christian Kirschenmann, is thought to have owned real estate in Mt. Pleasant township, Adams County, Pa., in 1788, it seems highly improbable this entry could refer to him.

…Abraham Cashman was the warrantee for 400 a land in Bedford County, Pa., dated March 21, 1794. Also a warrant in the same county to Cashman and Strayer for 45 a. dated, May 31, 1820.[11]

The marriage of Catharine Kershman, to Adam Boumgardner on October 2, 1779, has been noted, without any further knowledge whatsoever.[12] …

Christopher Kirschman – mentioned in the 1790 US census for York Co., PA, previously mentioned in this report, is almost surely a son of Martin & Agnes, but no proof exists.

Mary Cashman – a woman by this name. Born about 1765 married a Mr. Jacob Paitsel of Lancster Co., PA. They moved to Franklin County, VA and had at least one child, Abram Patesell., born about 1800. We are pretty certain that this is the same Mary who was a daughter of our Johann & Agnes Kirschman / Cashman.

Martin Cashman – The Ancestral File of the LDS Church contains a family from “Pa”, where the father’s name is “Martin Cashman” born 1764 in Pa. He married Sophia Claycomb (Kleckam) and had a large family—8 children are listed. Among these are: a Martin and an Agnes. The father, Martin is reported to have died in 1833 in Breckinridge, KY. We are pretty sure again that this is a son of our Johann & Agness, and the same man as “Johann Martin Jr.”

I am a descendant of Martin Kirschmann / Cashman. I recently located his will probated in June of 1804 in Bedford County, Virginia. This names his wife Agness and his seven children: George, Catharine Buck, Martin Jr., Mary Batesel, Christian, Abraham, and Elizabeth Oranduff. The spelling of his will is "Keshman" and indicates that Martin signed it with his X mark.

I know that Martin Jr and Elizabeth (wife of Jesse Orendorff) moved their families to Breckenridge County Kentucky in the early 1800s. Catherine Buck died in Bedford County Pennsylvania in [after] 1816. My Mary Patesel lived in Botetourt and later Franklin County Virginia where she died between 1855 and 1860. I am still working on the other brothers.

Martin Sr's wife Agnes Schwartz had two brothers, Frederick and Chrisian who located in Botetourt County Virginia around 1790-1800. The Schwartz families changed the name to Black upon settlling in.