Additives

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Additives used in Lubricating Oils

Modern Lubricants require the use of chemical additives to improve their performance capabilities beyond those of the base
oils used. Base Oil may have some undesirable properties that must be suppressed.

Additives can comprise anywhere from less than 1% to 20% approximately of the composition of a formulated lubricant.
Typical industrial oil may have only 1% additive while automotive engine oil may have more than 20% additive. Generally lubricants
for international combustion will have higher additive %age then for industrial applications. Additives are expensive and can contribute
too much of the final cost of a lubricant.

Additionally, additives are used to enhance the performance of a lubricant. They can also impart undesirable side effects us used in the
wrong concentration. It is important to note that additives will have varying miscibility in different base oils and proper procedures must be
used to insure that they can be completely dissolved into the base oil and not separate out.

There are number of additives which when blended with base oils, change their characteristics significantly. So additives can be used
to maximize the base oils good properties and minimizes its undesirable properties.

The following are general definitions of some major types of additives used in the manufacture of modern lubricating oils.

They are high molecular weight polymers added to oils to increase? the viscosity index. (They reduce lubricants tendency to change viscosity with changing temperature).

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