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VOL. I....NO. 8.CHARLESTON, S.O., TUESDAY, AUGUST 23, 18C5.PRICE FIVE CENTS.THECHARLESTON DAILY NEWS,ICATHCART, McMILLAN & MORTON,PROPRIETORS,INTO. 18 HAYNE-STEEET.TERMS?CASH.DAILY?ONE YEAR.-.$10.00DAILY-SIX MONTHS.5?00DAILY-THREE MONTHS.? ??j?- Single Copies FIVE CENTS.??-Ncws Dealers supplied nt a liberal discount.ADVERTISING.One Square, Ten Livres, one insertion, ONE EOLLVR AND ?TFTY CENTO.Each cori?nuaUon, SEVENTY-FTVE CENTS.Lees than a square, TiFTKEN CENTS PER LD?E forBrst insort?on ; HALF PRICE for each<nntinnation.1NTERES1MGINTELLIGENCETwo Days Later frc* ttw Korth.Special Telc?T.-nplilc ?Ispatrhcs to the A?agutfiu Count itntionulist.New YonK, AuguBt 17. -The HtraWs QuebeccorreBpondorit says : Tlie Canadian debt irxeccds-jjovonty-five million dollar?.Political t?fiairs are in a very ticklish condition.But little additional money has been depositedeince yesterday.Relativo to Ketchum'B robberies they now say-the amount is half a million.The Times* special from Washington says : Thefioccah object to the establishment of colored?schools, and aro beseeching Gen. Howard to havethem removed. They allege, among other reaeons, they will cause real estate to depreciate.Wirts:'? trial has again been postponedThe Herald sayB that all the soldiers now in the:flold except thoso of Sherman's army will haveteen paid up to the 30th of June last.A number of citizens from Richmond have beenseveral days waiting to call on the President witha delegation concerning pardons. The self-eon?titutou committee visited the White House yesterday, and -were addressed in a friendly way by thePresident, who inquired where they were from. Amember of the delegation, in & pompous style, replied, "We are proud to Bay we'are from the cityof Richmond.' ' The President remarked ho didnot see any occasion for pride on that account,turning his back, and devoting his attention toother business, thus ending the interview.New Yobh, August 17_English papers by theChina are filled with accounts ana speculationsconcerning the Atlantic cable, but contain no definite intelligence.Fortress Monroe, August 18.--Much excitement wae caused by the explosion of a magazinecontaining a large quantity of powder and ammunition, the property of the lato rebel government,stored in a small wooden house, known as the Tredegar arsenal. Fragmenta of shells were thrownmiles around. Persons living near had to tlee fortheir lives.Abpy, August 16.?Up to 1 o'clock thiu afternoon-there waa no signs of anything from the OreatEastern.Arrlvnl of the Steamship McClellan atIIIHo? llrn.l.The steamer. McCleUan, from New York on theICth, arrived at Hilton Head on Saturday. Weare indebted to Sears A Co., news dealers, Charleston Hotel, for full files of Northern papers of the36th, from which wo make the following summaryof interesting news :The World, of 15th, has the fouowing.telcgramfrom Washington concerningTHE TOTAL OP JEFF. DAVIB.As t ho result of careful inquiry, it in be lie ve ?1 thatthere is an unwillingness on the part of a portionof Uie Cabinet to have Jefferson Davis tried fortreason, while there is reason for assorting thatthe President is persistent in having him broughtbefore a civil tribunal. Chief-Justice Chase is expected to arrive here in the course of a few daysfor consultation with the President aa to the time,the manner and the place which shall be d?sign?ted. The ablest counsel in the United States arealso being consulted upon the subject There is afixed determination on the part of the Executivethat there shall be an immediate and fair trial, bya jury of the country, for bigh treason.A Washington dispatch to the Tribune, August15th,nays:INTERNAL REVENUE PWIHIOK.Tho Commissioner of Internal Revenue has decided that where a person purchases trees of nurserymen to till orders previously obtained, anddelivers the same at different stations on the railroad, either by himself or his agents, he is requiredto take - out a dealer's license for euch and ovorystation at wir -h he delivers the trees. The samedecision will apply to his agents.THE CABLE.A special dispatch to the Associated Press, datedHeart's Content, August 14, tin Aspy Bay, August16, sayt):We bave just heard, through a schooner namedthe First Fruit, which arrived at Harbor Orucu on' August 14, that at four o'clock A. M., on tho 6th ofAugust, she saw the Oreat Eastern and a largescrew steamer in latitude 51.40 North, longitude38 Went. At ' : o'clock A. M., on the same day, shosaw a beacon buoy, with a flog marked "GreatEastern, No. 5." The ships were at the time aboutfive miles Southeast from the buoy, and the weather was exceedingly thick and foggy.The captain of the First Fruit endeavored to near, 'the- steamer,, hut owing to a calm was obliged togive up tho effort.- The bc?ow ?tourner went alongside the schoonerand spoke-with her. The captain of the steamor(which is supposed to bo the Terrible) hiformed thecaptain of the schooner that the cable parted ontho 3d instant, and that the buoy was the markwhere the cable was last seen.v ^TFheaptO?in of the schooner further sUtos that' he is not certain ?f the exact position of the-buoy,having bad no observations for several days.., . . The ne w? caused ?mite an excitement among thefearful inhabitants of Heart's Content.We had been expecting for several days that somodisaster had occurred to the fleet, out were notprepared fbr < the ue tl?al announcement when itra5**?^ * We do not, however, give up the expedition as a failure, as when last seen tho steam?i?8^0?"? endeavoring, to .discover the location o?the buoy, showing that they had not abandoned all. ^^9.? cvonlually laying the cable. "V^:??ckay, the aapermtondemV of the Newfoundland telegraph line, is yet, hopeful, that the. G/ealyEMteni wilT arrive in tho course of a fewdays with the cable all right.,.I MEN dobcribi) to you the deep disappointmentwhichpreraito among the people in general.j~i AP**^J*,l]*/iiHS*i'ttas iHtt ?act thai the generalfeehng is, after bo many-failures, that the Atlanticcabio is a thing which will never be successfully" aed.iloWaftor.fl from) St, Johoa a*Jd otheTtoiacoabave gone home, and the reporters and telegraphers aru'411 that remain of-tho thousands who 11 liedth,o v?lagtj laut weok.At the time of the cable breaking it was aboutcix hundred miles distant from tlie coast of Newfoundland.Tho special Washington correspondence of theWvrld, under dato uf Augu?t 10, has tho fallowing:THE WERTZ TRIAL POSTPONED A PAT.The trial of Oaptain Wcrtz was to havo commenced to-day, but has been 1'uTthor postponedwtQ to-morrow. Thin morning, several government witnesses were in attendance, and there arcithers in tho cily who can at any moment bo summoned. Tho accused ho? for com mol Judge Hughes,Clon. J. W. Denver, and Messrs. Puck and Schilde.The prisoner its a Swiss by birth. When tho UnitedStates "forces captured New Orleans, ho do??rtedhis plantation antlntjrroes in Louisiana and, withhis wife and throe ohihlrcn, went to Vichsbnrg. In18C3 the rebel government sent him to Europe asa military commissioner. Ho remained Uioro-eightmonths, when, returning to Richmond, by runningthe 'Wiimiiigton 'blockade, he wa? appointed onassistant adjutant-general, with th? rank of captain, and assigned to the command of tho Andorboe ville prison.AFT.tmS IN MOUTH CAUOZJMA.General Schdficld, commanding tho Departmentdt North GnTolina, arrived in town this morning.Those who havo conversed with the general represent affaire in North Carolina as much moro satisfactory thamifl represented in malicious AssociatedPress dispatches from Raleigh,SPLENDID CAVALUT UEOrME?IT.The Sixth regular cavalrv, formerly the old Second while under command of General Robert E.Lee, haB just received three hundred now recruits,all of whom have served in tho war as voterans.This regiment is now in splendid condition, andwas ordered to Texas a short time since, but is atpresent hi camp near Frederick, Maryland.CHANGE IN THE PATEMT OFTICE.Commissioner of Patents, Ho^oway, finding itimpossible to remain in his position under the arbitrary ruling of tho new Secretary of tho Interior,insisted on President Johnson's accepting his resignation. Tho President has declined sevcriUtimes, but to-day finally acceded to his renacefcjand appointed ex-Congrobsmau Theaker, of Ohio,in his place. The latter genli'man has ho on forr?verai years ono of tho principal examiners ofpatents.PREBTOH KING'S APPOINTMENT.The appointment of Preston King as collector ofNew York, created as much surprise here as inNew York. Evon late last night there wo? not anintimation outside of cabinet officers and high officials of the treasury that such a change had beenmade. The new collector was observed at theWhite Houho yesterday, but as he has made hishome with the President since April, that simplefact suggested no inquiry. There were no NewYork pouticians in town, save one of small prominence, and tboy certainly could not have beenaware, therefore, of the imminence of the change.Mr. King left for Now York in the morning trahi.INDIAN commissioners.The commissioners to visit tho Western Indiantribes, composed of Judge Edwards, of the Landoffice ; Colonel Parker, of Grant's staff: GeneralHomey, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, andGeneral Herron, loave this city to-morrow morning, accompanied by their secretaries, en route for8t. Louis and the plains. They will specially visitthose Indian triboB who have forfeited their annuities by joining tho rebels in tho late war.PROTEST AGAINST CABINET MEETINGS AT THE WHITEHOUSE.It is said that Secretaries Stanfon and Harlan,and Attorney-General Speed, have protested againstany more cabinet meetings being held at the Executive mansion during the summer months, on account of its unhoalthiuess.A LOUISIANA UNION MAN.The statement that ex-Governor Wickliffc, ofLouisiana, i? here to be pardoned, is erroneous.He has been a Union man throughout the war,though residing all of the time in that State.PERSONAL.Senator Gorrett Davis, of Kentucky, and GeneralHorace Boughton, of New York; General Hovey.of Indiana, and Generals Schotield, Wherry andCrocker, are in town. Governor Morton left forIndiana to-night.PAMJON8.Some thirty persons were pardoned to-day. Theonly ones of prominence wore ex-Senator Benjamin Fitzpntrick, of Alabama, who was at one timoVice-President pro tent., and William Byrd, ofMemphis, Tenn. J. T. Souther, of Now York, wasalso amnestied by the President to-day.SECRETARY BEWARD'b HEALTH.Notwithstanding tho arduous labors of SecretarySeward, since his return from Cape May, his healthcontinues satisfactory, relieving the apprehensionthat the duties of the State Department mightprove too exhaustive for his recently shattered energies.THE DEFALCATION OF A. P. HTONE.A P. Stone, a collector of internal revenue ofOhio, was, it is ascertained, a defaulter to thoamount of $93,000, His sureties are bound in thesum of $100,000; they ore perfectly responsible, andwill satisfy tho Government.INTERNAL REVENUE BUSINESS.Nearly #400,000,000 have passed through tho Internal Revenue Bureau since its organization, andso far it has not sustained the loss of a singlo dollar bv any misconduct of any of its officers. Thelast day's* receipts from internal revenue are about11,600,000.HOBBY'S MOVEMENTS.Colonel J. S. Mosby loft Alexandria on Thursdayevening for liis home in Warrcnton, there to remain until the further orders of the War Department. Such was the excited feelings, it ia said,against him on the part of the citizens and soldiers,that his life was in danger vhile he remained inAlexandria, several persons, whom he had deeplywronged dining the war, having armed themselves to kill him.EMIGRATION FROM BREMEN.The Department of State haB received advicesfrom the united States Consul at Bremen, in whichit is represented that during the next six monthsof this year, from Jnnnary 1 up to Juno last, 1865,the emigration to the United States through theports of Bremen, amounted to 16,700 emigrants,in fifty-six vessels, against 15,063. in sixty-two ships,in 1863. During the first six month? in 1865, theemigration through Hamburg amounted to155,600 emigrants, which gives a total addition toour population of nearly 31,000 souls in sixmonths. And from those two ports only a fanlarger emigration to the United State? is expected this fall and next spring, and ah nnmnial number of vessels have already been chartered forthat purpose.DEUVEBY OF SEVEN-THIRTY BONDS.Th? delivery of the remaining seven-thirtybonds will bo made by tho 26th hist. The delayhas been caused by the exhaustion of tho blankforms of tho smaller denominations, six or sevenmillion of which in amount have to be printed tomeet the demand.The Tribune of the 16th, has the following :Rear Admiral D. D. Porter has been appointed.ad interim, chief of the bureau of navigation anadetail of the navy department. This appointmenttills the vacancy caused b-r the death of CaptainPerciva! Drayton.Gov. Brownlow.of Tennessee,'in consequenceof having received intelligence that the franchisalaw was not complied with in many places in therecent election in that State, has iomied a proclamation making provision for propounding certainquestions to county officers, for the purpose ofascertaining tho facts. Ho aleo aake for'information from loyal citizens on the matter, and assure?them of his determination that they shall not bocheated hy any evasions of tho act allndcd to.James Mitchel, aaan of John Mttohel, reachedrortrofts Monroe on Wednesday evening, to neokan interview with hia father, which wVU refused byGen. Miles, the post commandant. ./.A Boston paper states that the principal hotels ofthat city havo bad all their stock c4 tugar* seiaedby; national officer-, for allowed iiiftac?ohs of theinternal revenuo laws.-Gold or wed on Saturday ift-H&?, sola' at HI,then rallied to 142, and cloned strong. ^Oovernment bonds wore dull and steady, with tho exception of 7.80t?, which show a declino of ] per cent.M F. JUGO ANO THE WaWl INUIES.A Revolution in Havana?Tur. Reactionary Tau- ity?Petition to the Progressive Con ans?Tur.;French in Sonora?Tue Minino TtuoioN of So- jNORA?Population of Sonora?The Yaquis andthe French?The French Scientific Expedition nv Mexico?Places Visited dy the Expedition and What it has Found.Havana, AuguBt 9.A REVOLUTION IN HAVANA?TUX REACTIONARY TARTY.The whirlwind which has bo violently and unexpectedly shaken Yankee land has been felt not onlyin the United States, where it originated, but also Iin our immediate neighborhood, where it now be-1gins to act. Ile volutions, if not civil wars, arc con- jtaginus; they forcibly inoc?lalo themselves intoother people. The Island of Cuba; the Island IQueen us it is called, queen by the grace of beauty jand wealth, has caught the contagion, and is atpresent engaged in tho laborious work of modifying Iits institutions. The movement has not assumedyet tho character of revolution in its own aspect,although intrinsically it presents as radical a reform as auy one we have at?compliahcd. Ab I havealready said, the island is divided between two parties?the native party, or Cubans proper, who aredemanding an extension of tho right of suffrage,a greater amouut of local freedom, and the gradual abolition of slavery ; and the foreign or Spanish party, or more properly speaking, the party ofoffice-holders, headed by M. Dulce, the CaptainGeneral, who is opposing the reforms proposed bythe Cubans, under the pretenco that the politicalai'i?'miletion of Cuba (now under an exceptionalgovernment) with Spain would be untimely anadangerous, i much in conacquenco of the ?ivorsity of race as the difficulty of abrogating the "patronage" exercised by tho planterB upon the laborers, fI have now under my oycB tho petition of theCuban office-holders to tho Queen, and a letterpublished in tho EpoCA qi Madrid, the organ ofthe present ministry, containing the grievances ofthe Cubans?grievances, tho redresB of which issupported by the aforesaid journal. Both documents are characteristic of the parties whose opinions they represent; that presented by tho reactionists is especially marked by a vagueness ?>f expression and by generalities about the danger ofinnovations, the impossibility of cxtentling political rights to all classes, and by a formal and iliatiuct opposition to the Abolition of slavery. Anoteworthy passage, to which I call your attention, is that m which slave trading ie condemnedas an immoral traffic which public opinion condemns. Suppose that, suspecting tho sincerity ofthat opinion, you happen to turu the page, whatwill you see at the end of the document ? AlnH !nothing moro or less than the signatures of themost prominent slave-traders of Cuba, such asJulian dc Zulncta, the Marq?ese of Mariaudo,Francisco Marty y Torrens, Antonio do la T?rnente, Gonzales Larrinogn, Tuon Perez Calvo,Ruiz Leon, aud a lot of others. Does not thiscontradiction between words and acts make thepetition of tho reactionist? a hypocritical exposition of aentiments resting upon no single truth,and having no other incentive but tho interests ofthoso who nave signed it ?PETITION OF THE PROGRESSIVE ?7UBANS,Quite different is tho petition of the progressiveCubans to the Queen. As far as I can judge from ithe letter published iu tho ?poca, the complaintsof tho latter rest upon indisputable moral ground,upon tho increase of vicee and crimes in Cuba,resulting from tho present system of government,upon the necessity of granting political privilege?by tho assimilation of tho Spanish colonies to themetropolis, and upon the urgency of reformingslavory, auch aa it exists at present. Tho petitioners, wno consist of the best aud wealthiest inhabitants of Cuba, state, among other things, that theyhope that the defence of Cuban's rights, presentedbefore tho Cortes by several of its mombers?a defence the publication of which was, by tho way,prohibited in Cuba?will be continued, and that thowords of the Dnke La Torre, asking whether Spanish colonies would always have been treated as theillegitimate children of Spain, will be remcmbei*Hclas a forerunner of the reforms which Cuba needsand claims.ENTRANCE OF THE FRENCH DJ SONORA. .Correspondents in Sonora, attending the Frenchexpedition in that region, describe it as a mostbeautiful country, as a real heaven oil earth. Thevalleys are especially delightful. They are plantedwith pine, cedar, oak and ebony, and are teemingwith all sorts of game. Watered by numerousstream?, and covered with everlasting green, theyare moat prolific, and will produce two crops ofmaize a year. Tue Jesuits who, from 1570 up to1710, had established in the country several hospitals, had built in these valleys bonica far the convalescent. It was usual to say that the patientswho were sent to these houses were sent to theparadise of Sonora.THE inNTWO? SEOXON OP SONORA.The great wealth of the country consists, however, in its mines which, on account of their importance and character, deserve a special description. It is impossible, at present, to givo accuratelytheir location and number, Sonora having neverbeen settled by the Mexicans, owing to the disturbed condition of their government and the selfishness of their leaders. The most reliable account,I think, is that given in 1776 by the QommandanciaGeneral, a Spanish ?company who had the monopoly of tho mines in Mexico. At that time the discovered deposits of gold and silver exceeded thenumber of thirty. Most of them have been workedsince, and are still producing very handsome results. Among the richest are La Naguolla, SaintXavier, Preciades, Tajo, Babicanoro, Ban Jose doGracia, and L'Amada.POPULATION or SONORA-THE YAQUIS AND THEFRENCH.The whole population of the State amounts toabout one hundred and thirty thousand inhabitants, including the Indian tribes, such as theApaches, the Mayos, the Papayos, the Opatos andthe Yaquis. The latter are the most numerous,and possess, on the river of that name, somo veryfino villages and buildings. The Yaquis can putunder arms from ten to twelve thousand warriors.This was their number when they attempted todrive the Spaniards out of their country in 1740and in 1825, On both occasions the struggle wasa long one, and was marked hy unheard-of atrocities. Finally they were vanquished. Since thattime they have lived in open hostility with thewhites, and have refused to acknowledge any kindof government.Notwithstanding their savage nature the Yaquisare said to bo better than other Indian tribes.Sober and industrious, yet at times gay, audalways passionately fond of the dance, they have,like tho French, a congeniality of habits, the offectof which haB obviously been very favorable to tholatter. Wherever the French eoldierahave gone,'their cordiality and openness of manner? hasfound an echo in tlie hearts of tlie Yaquis, who ?bdelighted U> find in his conqueror a man whoshares with him his brandy and-his money, who isparticularly gallant with i_?: ladles, and very fondof amusement and dancing.. All tho Yaquie whohave been reached have sworn inviolable attachment to the French, and have, with the mass oftheir countrymen not yet visited by ?rouch troops,rejected all the advances made by Juarez and hisfriends. Formerly they were fondly attached tothe Jesuits, who under? tood them 'well; and composed for them dancing tunes and ballets, withwhich they have amused themaelveo for the laetcentury.UEA?TY OF ISS YAQCIJS WOMEN.The women of that tribe aro generally verybeautiful, short, with ellgbtty brownish skin, longhair, large eyes, elegant waists and fino form??.Also, they justly boast of having given tho nameof Sonora to tho State, and are .fond of relatinghow it happens that the beauty of one of their ?oxwas tho origin of that appellation. In 1580, whenthe Spnniurds explored, for the first time, th<;irrieh und wealthy country, they were well receivedby flu? chief of a tribe * of Cnyoins. whose wife,young nud handsome, was related to the ancientYuqui/, prints. This woman and her husbandtreated the Hpaniurds with great hospitality.When, on their return, they spake of the regionsthey had visited, they called it the country of thehandsome Se?ora, the land of the handsomo lady.'This name was, by euphony, changed into tlioname of Sonora, which bus been officially adoptedsince 1710.arras of sonora.The most important cities of that country areUros ; the capital, Hermosillo, situated at about onehundred and thirty miles from the gulf of California ; San Fernando do Guaymas, possessing an excellent harbor, and considered, with reason, us onoof tho best on tho Pacific (the French have lostlanded there); Onosura, Guadalupe de Altar, Arispa (which, till 1782, has been the capital of the stateand the residenco of Spanish authorities); Horcasitns, Scncguilla, Hostimun. Alamos, Sonora, ScutaCruz de Mayo, with a small harbor visited by thecoasters of Lower California, and La Liberiitad,with a good and safe harbor. It was through thatcity that our government used to send, with J . 1rez's authorisation, arms and material.of. w m/?>t he corps of army encamped in New <\?)o* * ^uthe frontier of Texas. JIkthe french scientific expedition, f^y1- \The French scientific expedition appointed bytho government to do in Mexico what Champoluonand Geoffroy St. Hilaire did, at the end of the lastcentury, in Egypt?that is to say, give a report ofMexican antiquities?has begun, and is now prr>secuting its difficult labors?difficult in u'.ore thanono sense, because to tho knowledge required todescribe the nature and oharactcr of what is found,uro added the perils of overrunning a wild country, among populations excited by rumora of war,and not always friendly. The expedition is ilivideuinto four commit-.; es?committee on medical andDatara! edenes, committee on physical and chemical science, committco on history, languageand archeology, and committee on statistics,political economy and public works. The threefirHt numbers of tho work undertaken by theexpedition have already bcon published.Among these articles already published I findsome instruction given to travelers by the various committees, a note on the hydrographical explorations of the coast of Mexico by Rcar-AdniiralJurien do la Gravioro, a noto on the exploration oftho rainerai deposita by Mr. Combes, Informationgiven by M. lo Baron Groa on the ancient monuments of Teotihuacan and Xochicaleo, and a notice of Mr. Roger Dubos on tho mineB of the State(?f Chihuahua. Tho second number of the workcontains on article upon tbo making of the pulque,tho favorite beverage of tho Mexicans, by Mr.Uoussingaidt; an article on tho medicine in Mexico, by Mr. Leon Cindet, and a list of the works offered to tho expedition. In the third number thereis a memoir of Mr. Do Quatrafaycs upon the maps,made up by Malte Brun, under the title of "Ethnography of Mexico," and a map of Yucatan; a reportof Baron Larrey on tho works inserted in the Medical Gazette of Mexico, a summary of tho sitting?of the expedition, by Mr. Anatole Durny; an article relating to agriculture; an article upon thoartesian well of Santiago, and a note on cottouculturo in the State of Chihuahua.PLACES VI81TED BY THE EXPEDITION AND WHAT THEYHAVE FOUND.The parts of Mexico hitherto visited by the expedition are those most important for archeologyand antiquities. Several caravans of explorershave already started from Merida, and aro locatedin the various regions of tho ruins. Fholographicproof-sheets and very handsome drawings uro already iu circulation in Moxico. Tho next steamerwill bring several collections, which will give anidea of the artistical wealth of the country. Theywill contain palaces, pyramids, temples, &c, farsuperior to those found at Palanque. The province of Oajaca and tho shores of the Pacific arealso explored. There tho commission has foundhieroglyphic tables, a few fragments of sculpture, and a few symbols of ancient divinity,among which is a god with a parrot's head, whichseems very odd, and is an object of much dissertation among French Bavons. If any ono happens tocome into the hall whero they meet nothing else isheard of but Aztecs ond Toltecs. Those who areacquainted with Egypt pretend that the scientificruins of Acahuai ami Yucatan are still more fruitful than those on tho shores of the Nile. TheCommittee on Public Works havo also the task ofstudying the ground for the opening of an interoceanic canal through the hikes or from Colon toPanama. ThiB project is, as everybody knows, afavorite ono with tho Emperor of France, who wasalready contemplating it when confined in theprison of Ham as u political prisoner and us a pretender to the crown of France.Our Steam Marine.Since the close of the rebellion, the steam marine of this port has received large and numerousadditions, partly of vessels that had been uued inthe navy and for government purposes generally,and partly of new steamers. Manv are still so employed that will, by and by, bo added to the merchant marine; but at present there are 629 steamvessels registered at Una port, representing 41,5,065tons burden. Of this 70,000 tons aro employed inthe coasting-trade alone.Sailing ships henceforward will only find employment in transporting tho coarser staples. of commerce, such as coal, timber, oil, heavy machiner v,and a portion of the crops of cotton and breadstuffs. Ports which before tho rebellion seldomwere visited by a steamer now havo their steam1'ii.s, and plans are now making to extend our steamcommercial enterprise to distant points hithertonot possessing sufficient advantages to guaranteea fan* pecuniary return for tho risk. In less thana year we abaft, doubtless, be in communicationwith China, Japan, and the Sandwich Islands, bysteam, and our lines will be extended to Brazil,saving many days in time and much expense.There is also a movement, inaugurated by thoMessrs. I.cary, for an American line of steamers toEurope. They will dispatch tho Circassian on the19th instant, for Southampton and Bremen. Theold Havre line is also to bo revived with tho Ara goand Fulton.Wilmington and Manchester Railroad.?Thefirst train through to Manchester. S. C, by theWilmington and Manchester road is advertised inthis morning's paper to leave here to-night, ateleven o'clock, and will arrive at Wilmington, inreturn daily, at four A. M. This road will connectat Florence- with the Northoastern Railroad toCharleston, and the Cheraw and Darlington Railroad from Florence to Cheraw. Owing to tho unfinished road between Columbia and Manchester,there is no roil communication established as yet,but a line of stages are now running between thetwo places. .The great advantages that tho opening of thisroad affords to Wilmington, at the present, havobeen 'spoken of before. Being the first line ofcommunication yot opened entire with the South,and running through a scope of country, thelarger part of which is immensely rich, and whichheretofore has had no transportation for tho produce accumulated, it must necessarily be of greateradvantage commercially than would at a momentbe anticipated. Cotton and turpentine ho m pilesalong this road awaiting this reopening, that a depot for its sale might be established here. Themajority of this cotton is of tho best staple-^beingraised in South Carolin?, Georgia and the Statesfurther South, and will, in any market, commandtho best and hicheet price paid for the raw-article.I W?mitigton Herahi. 17<h intt._--?- - ?.-j?The racing week at Saratoga closed oh Saturday. Tho running comprised a hurdlo race, a walktover, a mile dash, and a handicap race. Tho latter was tho feature of tho day, no less than sevenheats being rrin before the contest was decided infavor ol Thunder. The owners of Fleetwing ?hallengod Kentucky to run a four mile race on Mon?day, but the challenge was declined.The Provost Marshal of Mobfio has issued an order requiring the arrest of negroes found upon tbostreets after 9 o'clock at night without passes fromtheir employers. He has also given notice thatnegro testimony is not valid against white men.*? <?? . -Brigadier-General Sent is appointed ProvostMarshel-Gsneral of Texas,Wnll-Stre? t Convulacd.FAILURE OF ONE OK THE LAROBItT HUMS IN THERANFU?O QUARTER? PORCINO AND AHSCONIHNO OfTHE JUNIOR l'ARTNER?1IIH DSFABTOBS WITH$2,500,(100.The latest excitement in Wall-street, and probably the greatest for a number of years, is the announcement of failings in distinguished finiimrialcircles. The old and honored firm of Blown. Morris Kotchum, Son A Co., has failed for an immense 'amount of money, and Edwin B. Ketehuin, the latomanager of the concern, and the ?on of the seniorpartner, has suddenly disappeared, and a? fundato thu amount of $2,000,000 are found to be missingat the sumo time, the conclusion is that the youngman has absconded with the money or its equivalent in bad debts.Mr. Kctchnm, Br., resides at Westnort, Conn.,and was telegraphed night before last try Mr. Bolknap of the firm, that his presence was required intown. Mr. Ketehum arrived yesterday morning,and for the first time learned the character andextent of the astounding frauds which had beenperpetrated by his son. Ho immediately directedthe bonne to suspend payment, and make an investigation into tho condition of it? affairs. Tho? ?stigation shows that the frauds wore perpetrated on the house to a great extent by abstracting the collaterals, which bankers ami brokers hadleit with them as hypothecations of loans, and onwhich advances had been made. As far aa ascertained, the members of the house arc of the opinion that they will be able to pay fift v cents on thodollar.All the remittances received yesterday morningfrom their correspondents, Mr.'Kctchuni directedto be specially deposited in one of thu city banksto tho credit of the partios concerned.Mr. Ketehum ?b the senior, and has been estimated to bo worth from $5,000,000 to $6,000,000.CHARLES ORA11AM A CO.'S LOSS.Mr. Edward B. Ketehum is said to havo forgedgold-cheeks upon the Bank of New York to theamonnt of $200,000, which rumor increases to thepossible amount of $250,000. The gold-chcckawere taken from a book procured in Juno last, ostensibly for the use of CharlcB Graham ?V Co., whohaving made a deposit, drew a check or left theirsip;naturcs with the Bank of New York, whichacted as the custodians of gold for speculator h andbrokers. Tho checks wcro numbered from 58,501to 50,000, both inclusive, and wore for $5000 each,and it is supposed wero all used, making an aggregate of $250,000. The entire filling of tho checkswas a forgery, and tbey were used as collateralsand held for loans.Of course, they were not presented for payment.They were not well executed, and their appoarancoshould havo disclosed tho fraud at an early period. They were mostly used among country andGerman houses, and the Fourth National Bankloaned upon them to the extent of $225,000, to partics outside of tho banks of both Ketehum andGraham. It is stated that in addition to this forgery of gold-checks, Mr. E. B. Ketehum ha3robbedthe firm of which ho wae partner and activo manager of a large amount of securities. The sum isElaced as high as $2,000,000. Mr. Graham, whosousincsa has been mauged by Mr. ?. B. Ketehumfor the past two months, being ill, is a loser to thoextent of $280,000.The street was filled with rumors of other loa?eaand failures, and a general panic prevailed. Verylow quotations were consequently mado in thostock market, and thore was little buying at thoclose of the day. The principal character in thiscase, Mr. E. B. Ketehum, is a, youthful, dashingman, and waB entrusted with largo Bums of money.The tale of his transgression iu brief and easily tobe traced. Living daily in tho atmosphcro of Wallstreet, he became infatuated- with the gamblingspirit of that locality. He cast and lost. Littleby little, he was led in deeper and deeper, until,to gratify Ida gambling propensities, he wont atany length and all lengths, swindling not only theconcern over which ho had Bway, but oven committing the crime of forgery to accumulate the meansfor fresh gambling. Yet he carrietl this load uponhia brain and conscience bo quietly and skillfullythat no one of those who were in every day contactwith him dreamed of his guilt. He was seen, onSunday night, to leave his father's house with asmall black carpet-bag, which, now that ho is gone,is remembered to have appeared stuffed full ofbank notes, Government bonds, or something ofthe kind. He has departed, and may never be arrested, but hie punishment will be groat whereverhe goes, and the dark close of his careor ia merelya repetition of the conclusion of many a wilddrama that has been enacted in Wall-street, wheregold is fcver the soul of tho plotTHE LAST EXPLOSION.Morris Ketehum has for many years?pchansforty?been a shrewd, observing, cautious, thriftySrivato banker in our city. Helias grown gray inevotion to money-making, and has ucen generally supposed quite successful. No one who knowshim has deemed him worth less than $1,000,000any time these ten years: and if we had been askedto name the private banking houses of our city inthe order of their wealth and stability respecuvely, we should probably have placed MorriB Ketehum& Co. second on the list.Suddenly, there is a crash I There are fraudulent gold certificates afloat 1 Some one muet haveforged them 1 A good many " smell woolen." andthere is a general scrambling and peering to seewho arc and who are not "stuck." Tho youngerKetehum turns up missing ; and the father, summoned posthaste to the city by telegram, arrivedyesterday morning io learn that his son has forgedgold certificates, and sold hypothecated stock?, andoverdrawn accounts, and swindled right and left tothe tuno of some two millions of dollars or more?nearly all of which he ia presumed to have lost inreckless, luckless stock speculations ; and thatKetehum & Co. havo no choice but to stop payment 1We trust that the first aspect of the caso is theworst. We hope to hear within a week that thohouse of Ketehum ft Co. has resumed payment,and that its respected head can and shortly w?lretirc with enough to support him in comfort for thorest of his mortal life.?N. Y. Trilnine, IfA.?Front IVxas?Arrival of Gen. Sheridan.[Correspondence New York Tribune.]Brownsviixe, Texas, July 25?Gen. Sheridanand staff came up to this point yesterday fromGal vos ton, and were received by Gen. Steele, commanding the Department of the Bio Grande. Onthe staff ore Col. M. P. Small, Col. Sawtello, Lieut.Col. Glicselin, Major GiUcapie, Major Parsons andMajor Kiss. " ,This visit of Gen. Sheridan io the Headquartersof tho Department of the Bio Grande is only oneof an unimportant nature. He will remain at thisplace two days, and will, during that time, take alook at the Quartermaster's Department and thosanitary arrangement? hero.At present everything will be found very quietby the General, and he will only have some sanitarv matters to claim his attention. From tho othersido of the Bio Grande he will hear of nothing tobreak in upon the general aspect of tranquil vigilance observed on both aides of tho river.This place and Matamoras are both full of spies?who report to each other's headquarters anythingof importance that takes place on the river. PjSANITARY.The sanitary state of the army of tho RioGrande is fair, in spite of bad water, a burningsun, and at atmosphere filled with dust. "Dangofovor" is prevalent This ie au-o called "honefever," and consista ot pains in one's bones, whichrenders a man miscrablo enough while the attacklaste. Tho number of vacant buildings bore affordsome good hospitals, which, it must bo or.ld,? arotolerably well fined. , , .COTTON. -,A few hundred bales of cotton, In bad shippingorder, have been hauled here from 'the ulterior,and will go down the riveras soon aa a boat icon.bo had. ,-?- i i ?>. .' ' "Gentrat. Cars.?A correspondent writes s Werarely meet with the name of General Case io? thopapers; but he "still lives," at the ripo age ofeighty-four years. Ho res idea on Jeffersoc-etreet,Dotroit. in a handsome modern-built dwelling,while his el?eBt eon occupies the old family hbmeatefcd, two squares distant. Though afflicted withthe feebleness and forgetfulness naturally incidentto his patriarchal age, he maintains better healthand a more active spirit than' could reasonably besupposed to belong to hi? time of time.