I wish I could. There are non-disclosure agreements in place plus US government secrets (i'm not implicating US or anyone else in war crimes when I say that, nor am I admitting to war crimes). I love AMA but not going to become a felon here. Apologies.But I will answer everything as much as I can.

I'm reading "The Modern Mercenary" as part of my grad school thesis on Private Military Companies, and I have to say that out of all the literature out there that seeks to define PMCs, your book stands out for doing the best job establishing a coherent definition. So thanks for that, you made my life a lot easier!

Quick question: When doing the research for that book, did you come across any sources that covered Executive Outcomes in Sierra Leone that you might be willing to recommend?

Unfortunately I don't anymore. I live and work in Washington DC, where firearms are strictly outlawed. But I do like SIG Sauer and Berettas (I spent a lot of time with the latter in the US Army, so force of habit I suppose)

Why would you want to become a mercenary after dealing with all the military bullshit after your time in? Why not get a comfortable job and live in the suburbs? I expect the reason is money, but was it worth the risks and the possible moral conflict?

The market is different now. A few years back, plan on doubling your US military salary. But you give up your career, pension, VA hospital benefits (such as they are). You live contract to contract and if you get hurt...medicaid.

Because that'd be like asking how much a human beng makes while working: There are many different companies on different parts of the world paying different salaries to different people with different backgrounds.

For me, I was making about $120k plus bump-ups like hazard duty pay (same rate as a US soldier gets) and some other perks. Close to $200k a year, not that much actually. People hear about the US paying $2k a day for Tier-1 guys. HOWEVER, that's what the private military companies may charge the US govt for a Tier-1 guy. The company then turns around and pays him considerably less, pocketing the rest as profit. It's how they make their money: time and materials.

But that's on US govt contracts. In the past, some mercenary companies, like Executive Outcomes (not out of business) worked African contracts for shares in mines. I don't know how much Nigeria paid mercenaries to help clear Boko Haram. I heard the Emirates paid Colombian mercenary a few thousand a month to fight in Yemen. They earn a few hundred if they stayed in the Colombian army.

I entered this profession because I was curious. I was frustrated with the 1990s 'zero-defects' army and wanted real missions beyond Balkans peacekeeping. However, I didn't want a desk job back home. I was approached by a company that said we want you to do interesting stuff of us in Africa. The pay wasn't great and parts of the industry sucked, but the work I did on the ground and the people I worked with were interesting. I'm also proud of some of the work we did. That is reward enough.

Plus, I don't like killing people. There are troops who leave the service an join the private military world so they can go rogue. I knew some of them. Twisted people.

From your experiences, how accurately do movies like 13 Hours portray what your life was like as a merc? What type of rifle did you carry, and what attachments? What was the most badass thing you did while enlisted and as a merc? Any backlash from the operator community because of any of the material in your book? Thanks for the AMA.

I haven't seen 13 Hrs, so can't comment. I preferred the AK47. reliable, cheap, easy to get parts for or replace. Sure, it would be great to have a HK or other exotic long gun, but those things are thief magnets in the field too.

As a military parachutist (static line), you jump about 1000 feet AGL, which means you don't have much time incase there's a malfunction. Plus you're jumping out with a few hundred paratroopers at night, during a mass attack. Troopers blow into one another and sometimes canopies collapse.

Locke, the main character, is a high end mercenary sent into Ukraine to help an oligarch become president and fight Putin's forces. But things are not as they seem, and Locke and team are fighting for their lives. It's based on actual events. Fiction is sometimes a better truth teller than non-fiction.

Hi there!
I'm a student in international security, so definitely find your work and industry fascinating. Thanks so much for taking the time to answer questions. I'll definitely brainstorm some more but this one popped into my mind:

I was surprised by the use of the word "mercenary"! It seems like the terms private contractor or military contractor (etc) are more commonly used to avoid comparisons to Machiavelli's Italy or something. Is that the common term really used in the industry or is it less of an issue (PR or otherwise) than I'm making it out to be?

It's a fine point, and I get into it in my non-fiction book Modern Merc. But at the end of the day, people like me are paid to do uniquely military things and that's mercenary. It it like Machiavelli's Italy. The private military industry has paid a lot of PR money to reframe the debate but they shouldn't be allow to get away with it. Mercenaries have appeared - last year alone - in Ukraine (both sides of conflict), Yemen, Nigeria, Iraq and Syria. The mercenary industry is on the rise and it's going to play a big part in the future of war. It changes war, as Shadow War shows.

We never did that in the private sector. However, when I was a paratrooper in the 82nd Airborne I went through "Prop Blast." It's a week long initiation ceremony involving a lot of PT and alcohol. Makes frat parties' hell weeks look quaint.

Yes. I wrote a non-fiction book about the rising mercenary world called The Modern Mercenary. The material I couldn't put in there went into the fiction book Shadow War (which is a lot more fun to read too).

I don't (think I) have PTSD flashbacks. I know some guys that do. It's terrible. I'm not sure what the best therapy is. One think about being a private military guy, is not one cares about your PTSD. Even if you worked a US govt contract

Have you ever been on a job with other mercenaries where you were on a crappy boat going to rescue some folks and the boatman turned out to be a complete bad ass and tagged along with the mission and it turned out to be John Rambo? Or anything like that ever happen similar?

Haha! I wish. I like a guy who knows how to handle a bow and arrow. Seriously, I have been on a job with other mercenaries in a crappy boat going up river with an old geezer steering. It was just a crappy boat though with an old guy. Nothing too sexy.

Mercenaries are generalized as being bad guys. Military pawns that tend to be funded by someone with too much money and has their own agenda. How accurate is that and were there times where you thought you were on the good side, for sure?

This is accurate, except not all mercenaries are villains. Many are like the guys you might know who served in Iraq or Afghanistan. Although some become mercs to walk the dark side.

Mercenaries are disposable soldiers. I hate to say it, but it's true. They are hired for high risk missions or for plausible deniability reasons. When I was in the field, I knew that if something bad happened to me, the US government would not send in SOF to rescue me, the way they might if I were still in uniform. Hazards of the job.

Locke, in the book, has to deal with this. His mission goes sideways and he has to outsmart his employers. Who are not really who he thought they were in the first place. Realities of working in that world.

I thought about it but got out in 2000 thinking the future of US military was nothing but peacekeeping. I didn't want to wear a blue helmet. Ofcourse after 9/11 it was hard. I thought about going back in but ended up in the private military world instead.

SF/75th/SEALs et al are awesome. However, being a good 'contractor' requires a lot more creative thinking. My missions were bigger with less resources and no political top cover. I doubt most SOF guys can do that. They are amazing when working 'in their lanes.' But asked to do something weird on the fly...

To be fair to those guys, whom I respect immensely, they have huge constraints placed on them by higher. That's both a good and bad thing, depending on your perspective. Contractors have loads less constraints on them. Which is one reason they are hired in the first place.

I don't think the 82nd or SF can raise indigenous forces well. The US spent billions on the Iraq army and it fled at the site of ISIS in Mosul, a vastly inferior enemy in terms of numbers and equipment. The Iraqi forces even tore off their uniforms and threw down their weapons as they ran away. The Afghan security forces are mostly ghosts, despite the billions and time spent there. Someone is collecting those salaries though. The US military is terrible at raising indigenous security forces, despite the money and time spent doing it. This is one area where I think mercenaries and contractors are genuinely superior.

What I mean is that those guys tend to have the best pickings when it comes to getting PMC gigs. I didn't think, and I'm delighted to learn, that one can have a successful PMC career not being a Tier 1 or elite unit

Compared to your time as a mercenary what is the difference between those in movies that you see or in shows such as Burn Notice? Also did you ever have to deal with those involved in Boko Haram? Or did that come later.

Hollywood's version of mercenaries go from villainous to ridiculous. I wrote Shadow War to put a nuanced face on the modern mercenary. Neither apologizing nor hyping this new kind of warrior. Shadow War pulls back the curtain on today's mercs and how they fit into modern armed politics.

I didn't work directly with mercs involved in pushing Boko Haram out of Nigeria. A lot of them were connected to the former Executive Outcomes (EO) "alumnae" network in Africa. I did work with them. I also have a lot of senior friends in the Nigerian armed forces.

Most guys in the private military/mercenary world are ex-military from someplace. Occasionally, some guys are ex-police, with SWAT like tactical experience. So military experience is generally the way to go. A lot of hiring is simply through word of mouth, or right place and right time. There's a lot of BS artists in this space, so a potential team leader will start quizzing you about your credentials to see if you're full of crap. For example, if you said you were with 1/75 Rangers, he's ask you when and who the commander was, what operations did you do and do you know so-and-so. It's easy to spot the liars, and they are blackballed.

I also worked with former French Foreign Legion guys, so that's another avenue. It's a tough way to go, though. They treat Americans rough.

One of the best guys I ever worked with was not former military at all. He ended up becoming a trainer at one of the large private military company's training grounds (name I cannot divulge). I took him down range with me and he was awesome. I had no idea he had no military experience until we were already in mission. I took him because the head of the training camp I was using vouched for him, and he was not wrong. However, that guy was exceptional and I don't know how he did it.

So my advice is: join the military and get some experience. OR get cozy with someone who's already in the business and see if you can apprentice. I'm not sure how to do the latter, since I was former army. But I'm sure it's possible.

You probably heard of "Kongo Müller", the german mercenary in Africa who got interviewed and displayed quite the joy when talking about his profession and killing. How many mercenaries like him have you met in your career?

Yes, I know of KM and also Bob Denard and many others. They were fighting the African Wars of decolonization, especially Congo. Today's mercs are companies traded on Wall Street and the London Stock Exchange. New breed.

So, mercs used to be freelancers in the past but nowadays they're kinda like company employees? And investors can place there money on those merc companies like on Facebook or Apple?
That actually sounds kinda frightening.

Yeah, hard to believe. Some firms are bought and sold in Wall Street, like DynCorp and ArmorGroup (London stock exchange, actually). However, there's guys running around the Congo and Iraq and Ukraine who are just bands of mercs, off the grid and for hire. The industry has all kinds now.

I worked mostly for a company called DynCorp International, a multibillion dollar company few have heard of. I worked US govt contracts. Doing stuff CIA and SOF would be doing in the past. We outsource that stuff now.

No, I had a weird path. I left the army in 2000 because I didn't see a future in it. A lot of guys left in the 1990s. I went to Harvard for grad school and almost immediately regretted my decision. I didn't want to be cramming for Econ exams after the stuff I had done in the military. I got a call from Dyncorp, nearly out of the blue, asking if I could help them build and army in West Africa. Econ exam v. West Africa army building. The choice was obvious.

We competed with MPRI and they lost the contract. I helped design and raise Liberia's army from scratch after the civil war there. We had to demobilize the standing army first, not an easy thing. I worked in Burundi to help prevent a threat that would have resulted in a genocide akin to 1994 Rwanda/Burundi. Did other things too. Mostly USG contracts.

One great thing about the private military world is that good ideas can grow regardless of age, rank, background or profile. It's entrepreneurial. That's why the private sector military is better at innovation than the Dept of Defense. Let's not forget they spent BILLIONS of dollars and years creating the armed forced of Iraq and Afghanistan. What did tax payers get? The Iraqi army fled at the site of ISIS, a vastly inferior enemy. The Afghan security forces are mostly ghosts, but someone is collecting their salaries. That was DOD incompetence, a lot of it done by special operators.

The armies we raised are still doing their jobs. We used completely different models than DOD for getting things done. The private sector can be very clever compared to the bureaucracies and "received wisdom" of Washington DC.

The problem is: can it be too clever for its own good? What happens when the private military industry goes into business for itself? This is disturbing to me. I think we're closer to this than most people realize and one reason I wrote Shadow War...to show how this could/is unfolding.

Loads. The warrior ethos is utterly different, something I punctuate in Shadow War. Bottom line: Soldiers serve. Mercs work. There's enmity between the two. That was the case a thousand years ago between knights and mercenaries too. Not much has changed. However, not all contractors are scumbags and not all soldiers are saints. It's complicated, in interesting ways.

Hmmm. For movies, probably A Bridge Too Far. The opening scene of Band of Brothers is intense. Obviously I was never at D-Day but I can imagine the insanity and courage.

My best experiences in Africa were the surprises. I was in Africa's worst parts...and they are far worse than anything in the Middle East. You expect horror. However, every now and then the world surprises you with little things: a beautiful sunrise or an act of unconditional kindness from someone who's lost everything yet somehow can show generosity to strangers.

Some of my best experience, or perhaps most memorable, are not beautiful per se. For example, a fire fight in Bujumbura, the capital of Burundi, in an attempted coup d'etat. It was "best" in that we beat them back.

cenkiss, another good question. I care but not everyone else does. For example, I would never work for China in Africa, even if they made me a millionaire. Just cause I'm an independent contractor doesn't mean I'm not an American.

However, there are people who don't give a crap. They go where the money is.

At the end of the day, the best mercenaries are the most professional. It's a warrior code without a cause.

Also, to answer your second question. I don't worry too much about my opponent's just cause when I'm on the ground. Before and after, I might consider it. But when I'm working in the field, not really.

It's harder. You need to get some skills and then some references (just like any job). There are para-military training camps all over the US and the world. Find one that has connections to the industry, pay money to attend, kick ass, work the network.

A lot of guys just show up in hotspots, in a 'have gun, will travel' mode. For example, in Goma or Irbil. Quality varies there, though. It's definitely for the rough necks and you need to watch your back. It can be like El Paso 1880s.

I wasn't into the military that much as a kid. When a lot of boys were playing GI Joe, I was doing other things (like the violin). However, my grandfather always told me to serve, from the time I was a small child. He had fought in WW2 but didn't talk about it much. So after I left college, I went into the army.

Why the 82nd? For me it was go big or go home. Why join the army to do something I could do in the civilian world. That was my approach, anyway. The same logic applied when I got the call to work in Africa as a private military contractor; if it's worth doing, it's worth doing all the way.

Tough one on the song. First, no one wants to think of their death. Even though I put down the violin a very long time ago, I still love classical music. I would take it into the field with me (iPod). My last song would probably be 'Pie Jesu' from Faure's Requiem. It's a death mass and hauntingly beautiful.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VLY2bd5w8k

jamiezero good question. This book began as a memoir but I decided to switch to fiction because:

Didn't want to go to jail for reveal US secrets

Didn't want to have DynCorp international sue me to death

Didn't want some scary people in Africa to come after me

At first I was against it but now I'm really happy I did it this way. Plus I could have some more fun with the story.

The operations, culture, way contracts are done, field time etc...that's all real. The characters are all real or composites of real people. For example, the oligarchs in the book. The General chewing steak at Morton's in DC looking to retire into one of these companies. More too.

Stuff I had to leave out? Some specific people's name, contract info, things that some might consider proprietary (even though that's debatable). I had a lawyer look at it and had leave stuff out, but it was mostly technical jargon.

I like Forsythe, but his books are now a different era of mercenaries. My favorite movie is Dogs of War, with Walken (super young).