Many of the world’s most important cities are expanding rapidly without adequate transportation planning. People Near Rapid Transit (PNT) measures the number of residents in a city who live within a short walking distance (1 km) of high-quality rapid transit. This is a good way to estimate accessibility and rapid transit coverage in large cities. It is also a high-level proxy for the integration of land use and transport, and the fundamental first step toward creating inclusive transit-oriented development (TOD)—compact, higher-density, mixed-use, walkable development centered around transit stations.

The Ndovu/A104 BRT project in Nairobi is currently on a trajectory to become a world‐class BRT project. The highest quality BRT systems are designed around a good service plan. A service plan determines where the BRT routes will go, how big stations will need to be, and how many passengers a BRT system will attract. The BRT infrastructure is then designed specifically for this service plan.

At the request of the Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA), ITDP has prepared a preliminary BRT service plan for the Ndovu/A104 BRT project according to international best practice in BRT service planning. This report details the process, methodology, and modeling results from several detailed alternative service scenarios. The recommended service scenario in this report minimizes land acquisition, reduces the capital costs needed for transfer stations, minimizes travel time for passengers, and attracts the most passengers. The results of each alternative option are shown. The best scenario for the project would result in a top‐quality BRT that can be replicated in Nairobi, in Kenya, in East Africa, and throughout the world.

In developing countries, well over two-thirds of traffic accident injuries are suffered by pedestrians, of which one-third are children. Across the globe, dangerous traffic puts children at risk. With Safe Routes to Schools (SRTS), communities give children what they deserve: safe access to education.

Safe Routes to School is a process that empowers community members to create safer streets: by educating the public, linking concerned groups and providing the community with planning tools. It gives all involved a chance to envision what their community could be: a community safe for children which allows children safe access to school

Effective parking management will be a critical component of the success of Dar es Salaam Rapid Transit (DART). This chapter presents recommendations for reforming parking policies in the city centre to reflect the arrival of DART. The conclusions are based on an extensive survey of parking supply and occupancy in the city centre; interviews with staff from the City Council and parking contractor; review of parking revenue records; and two workshops with local business owners and staff from the City Council and Ilala municipality.

In as complex an urban environment as central Dar es Salaam, streets have multiple functions. They allow cars, daladalas and other vehicles to access buildings and pass through the centre. They allow trucks to make deliveries. They provide space for parking and loading. They are the places where people walk. And streets provide some of the city centre’s few open spaces – places for residents, shop owners, employees and visitors to socialize, interact and relax.

At present, most city centre streets are designed in a similar fashion, and cater to cars and trucks, pedestrians, parking and in some cases, daladalas. In most cases, they perform none of these functions particularly well. They are difficult for cars to navigate; and walkways are narrow and frequently blocked by vendors or parked cars.

This chapter recommends a new framework to manage city centre streets. It recognizes that each street cannot perform every function well. Instead, it allows them to focus on one or two core functions. This takes advantage of the circulation changes that will be required for DART construction – namely, reserving Morogoro Road for buses, and reversing the direction of Samora Avenue. However, it goes further in proposing that some streets be reserved for pedestrians, and that some focus on the movement of vehicle traffic.

Proposals for the design of the fare collection system for the Dar es Salaam BRT. The proposed design consists of a Manual System, which can be enhanced with an Automatic System. The Manual System consists of a staff of cashiers at stations and conductors at feeder buses charging fares and controlling access to the BRT. At the back end of this process, a Secure Transportation Company will take the cash from the stations to the bank, under secure conditions. A team of analysts from the Fare Collection Contractor will consolidate sales data and prepare a daily report of cash and passenger volume. The Management Agency will consolidate all information from the Secure Transportation Company and from the Fare Collection Contractor, and will audit the entire process.

Like in most countries of sub-saharan Africa, child mortality, maternal death and HIV/Aids are the main medical health problems in Ghana. Health problems are commonly bigger in rural areas, where nearly 60% of the countries population is living. The data, presented is from both statistical analysis and actual information given in the high level interviews. In view of the Millennium Development Goals, the overall health situation in Ghana reflects the global focus of the health related MDGs.

The country has developed a comprehensive transport policy for regional, district, sub-district and community level of health care. Transport has been identified as an essential resource and vital tool of the delivery of health services. This report looks at the healh problems in Ghana and examines the role tranport currently plays and opportunities for improvement.

A report on current situation in the health sector of Senegal and possible roles for non-motorised transport interventions. This is a preliminary study investigating the medical and structural problems with rural health care in Senegal and exploring options for improving the system. While bicycles would address many of the community’s needs, specific environmental and cultural preconditions in Senegal may impact their effectiveness.

This report represents the results of two preliminary studies of the feasibility for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Dakar, Senegal. The report is not intended to indicate that decisions about many critical issues have already been taken. This report is rather intended to give a general idea to Senegalese decision makers about the range of options that are available for BRT in Dakar and show a very rough idea of how it would perhaps best work. It also sketches out in very rough terms the costs and possible revenues to help with the next phase of planning.

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