sex and gender

a biological term that tells us whether an individual in male or female

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definition of gender?

a psychological term that tells us whether an individual is masculine, feminine or androgynous

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definition of masculinity?

a gender term associated with male traits and roles

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definition of femininity?

a gender term associated with female traits and roles

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definition of androgynous?

a type of gender were an individual shows high levels of both masculine and femine traits and roles

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what are some female traits and roles?

caring, bitchy, flirtatious and gossip

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what are some male traits and roles?

athletic, immature, daring and competive

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what is a chromosomse?

a part of a cell that that contains genetic information

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a male chromosome pair is?

XY

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a female chromosome pair is?

**

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identify Claire's GENDER? ‘Claire is a 4 year old girl who enjoys playing with toy trains sets and likes helping her dad service his car'

masculine

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what is a hormone?

a chemical produced by the body that affects cells and organs

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the testes produce high levels of what?

testosterone

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the ovaries produce high levels of what?

oestrogen

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having high levels of testosterone is though to have what effect?

make you more agressive and gives them superior math skills

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having high levels oestrogen is though to have what effect?

though to make you more sensitive and give superior verbal skills

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Evolution

A process where species adapt to their environment in order to be able to survive and reproduce.

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how does evolution explain why females may be more caring?

they have to carry and then raise the young, as they are the ones who can breast feed, they need to be better equipped to deal with needy babies

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how does evolution explain why males are more agressive?

more aggressive and competitive because they have to fight for the resources to provide for their partner and their children.

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what does the biological theory forget?

The Biological approach ignores the idea that gender roles may be learnt. There is a lot of evidence that shows that families and communities socialise males and females differently. Perhaps this is why the two sexes end up with different gender role

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what was diamond and sigmundson's aim?

To show that children cannot be nurtured or socialised into gender roles, it is an innate and instinctive role we are born with.

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what was the study background?

The penis of an 8-month old boy was damaged during an operation, therefore being raised like a female (after having a sex change). At the time, it was stated that the individual had developed into a normally functioning female. There was, a follow up

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what was the 2 study follow ups?

individuals are psychosexually neutral at birth and healthy psychosexual development is closely linked to the appearance of genitals

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what was the conclusion?

It would appear that individuals are not psychosexually netural at birth so we cannot simply make them switch sex. Also, there is more to healthy psychosexual development than what genitals a person has.

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what was one of the limatations?

It's of one boy, so it could be difficult to generalise. There may be something unique about John/Joan. Long-term follow ups rely on memory. Interviewer bias - leading questions.