..Thus, it can be considered that obesity corresponds to a sub-clinical inflammatory condition that promotes the production of pro-inflammatory factors involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance...

..These mechanisms may involve several metabolic disorders such as hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance and hypertension, which would favor PAI-1 synthesis and release from different cell types...

..Adipose tissue inflammation has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and is probably linked to high local levels of cytokines. IL1B, a proinflammatory cytokine, may participate in this alteration...

..Epidemiological studies report a positive relationship between serum cystatin C and cardiovascular outcomes in adults. Here, we tested the relevance of cystatin C as a biomarker for early vascular alterations in severely obese children...

Interpretation of circulating C-reactive protein levels in adults: body mass index and gender are a must

..Such syndromes help to understand the mechanisms involved in insulin resistance resulting from altered fat repartition and could benefit from insulin-sensitizing effects of lifestyle modifications or of specific medications...

Association of acylated and nonacylated ghrelin with insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese postmenopausal women

..The release of adipokines by either adipocytes or adipose tissue-infiltrated macrophages leads to a chronic sub-inflammatory state that likely plays a major role in cardiovascular complications linked to obesity and insulin resistance...

Cathepsin S, a novel biomarker of adiposity: relevance to atherogenesis

Soraya TalebINSERM Avenir, Paris, FranceFASEB J 19:1540-2. 2005

..Since this enzyme has been implicated in the development of atherosclerotic lesions, we propose that cathepsin S represents a molecular link between obesity and atherosclerosis...

..However, QUICKI and revised QUICKI are good indexes that offer correlations similar to or higher than values obtained with log HOMA. Such indexes are simple tools to estimate insulin sensitivity appropriate for epidemiological studies...

Altered fat differentiation and adipocytokine expression are inter-related and linked to morphological changes and insulin resistance in HIV-1-infected lipodystrophic patients

..Although thiazolidinediones have been shown to increase subcutaneous fat in congenital lipodystrophy, rosiglitazone did not show convincing results in HIV lipoatrophy. We assess a potential specific effect of pioglitazone in this setting...