Note: Due to their large size, the illustrations for this document are on
separate linked pages.

Thanks to Scott M. for the scans he provided. Thanks to Clay Holden and the
John Dee Publication Project for cleaned-up scans from Dee's diaries. Thanks
also to the many people who made suggestions, whether or not I used them, and to
the people who had constructive criticisms of early versions.

The systems of magick now known as Enochian magick derive from the work of
the Elizabethan scholar Dr. John Dee and seer Edward Kelly. Dee had a passion
for discovering lost knowledge and spiritual truths; in particular he wanted to
recover the wisdom he believed to be in the lost books of earlier times. Among
these was the then-fabled Book of Enoch, which he apparently conceived as being
a book describing the magick system used by that patriarch. Having come to the
conclusion that worldly efforts would not lead to the wisdom he desired, he
decided to apply himself to contacting divine sources. During the years from
1581 to 1585, Dee performed a long series of magickal operations to that intent.
Kelly joined him in March of 1582, and was his sole assistant during the
remainder of the work.

The method employed for these works was fairly standard for the time. Dee
would act as the orator, directing fervent prayers to God and the archangels for
15 minutes to an hour. Then a scrying stone would be placed on a prepared table,
and the angels were called to manifest a visible appearance therein. Kelly would
watch the stone and report everything he saw and heard; Dee would sit at another
table nearby and record everything that occurred.

Dee made multiple copies of these records. A portion of them, concerning the
Angelic Calls, Tablets and Liber Scientiae, were acquired with Dee’s
library by Robert Cotton. This part was published in Casaubon’s A True and
Faithful Relation. The earlier portions concerning the Heptarchy and
Liber Loagaeth came to light by a more roundabout means.

In later years, Dee apparently decided to conceal his magickal records in a
hidden compartment of a large cedar chest he possessed. After his death the
chest was purchased from his estate and passed through several owners. The
hidden documents were not discovered until around 1662, and found their way into
the hands of Elias Ashmole in 1672. Mr. Ashmole’s collection passed eventually
to the British Library.

According to Ashmole, about half of the hidden records were mistakenly
destroyed by the discoverer’s maid before efforts were made to preserve the
rest. Despite this, the records for the 1581-1585 operations appear almost
entirely intact.

The record of these operations is very detailed; so much so that it takes
careful study to separate the spiritual "wheat" from the chaff. Much of the
communication was important within the context of the operations, but has no
direct bearing on the systems of magick being presented. Of the rest, there are
long periods of communications that, in retrospect, seem to have no purpose but
to hold the magicians’ attention on continuing the operations. During these
periods the angels would present colorful visions, portentous prophesies, and
angelic gossip, but very little in the way of solid information. Additionally,
the reader must deal with side-excursions into apocalyptic religion, politics,
Dee and Kelly’s personal problems, and various irrelevant queries that Dee
insisted on inserting into the work.

Chronologically, Dee and Kelly’s work divides into three highly productive
periods separated by months in which nothing of particular value was received.
The material received in each period generally stands on its own, and is only
loosely related to that in the other periods. In the strictest interpretation,
only the material from the third period qualifies as "Enochian", but the term is
often applied to all of the work.

The first system of magick given to Dee was the Heptarchia Mystica. This is a
self-contained and moderately complex planetary magick, similar in style (but
not in content) to various "Solomonic" grimoires of the day. The record of its
presentation can be found in Dee’s Mysteriorum Libri Quinti; a working
grimoire, composed of Dee’s extracts from that record, is known as De
Heptarchia Mystica.

The presentation of this magick was remarkably sequential and orderly,
compared to later parts of the work. The necessary physical equipment was
described in detail, followed by an angelic hierarchy of 49 "Good Angels", and
further information concerning the Kings and Princes of the hierarchy, and their
ministers. The major part of the information was given during 1582; significant
corrections to the design of the equipment were given in the spring of the
following year, after an hiatus in the work and the presentation of Liber
Loagaeth.

The angels claimed that the ring they designed for Dee was the same
one that Solomon used to control demons. It had a plain band, to which was
attached a rectangular plate. The letters PELE (Latin for "he will work
wonders") were inscribed in the four corners. In the center was a circle with a
horizontal line through it, with the letter "V" above and the letter "L" below.

Two different lamens were given to Dee. The first of these bears a generic
resemblance to various goetic sigils, being an assortment of free-form lines and
oddly placed letters. The being giving it instructed that it was to be made in
gold and worn in all times and places for purpose of protection.

The following year, Dee and Kelly were told that this was a false lamen given
by an "illuding spirit". They were given a 12-by-7 table formed
from the names of the Heptarchic Kings and Princes; the
new lamen consisted entirely of letters taken from this table and arranged
in rectilinear patterns. Unlike the first lamen, the purpose of the second was
solely to "dignify" the magician, to show his worthiness to perform the
Heptarchic magick.

The Holy Table or Table
of Covenant was the centerpiece of the Heptarchic magick. Its purpose was to be
an "instrument of conciliation"; that is, the means by which the powers it
symbolizes are brought together with the magician. As with the lamen, the
initial version of the table was later said to be incorrect, and a new design
provided.

The table was to be two cubits square (roughly 34 to 44 inches) and two
cubits high. The legs ended in or rested upon hollow containers, under which
small copies of the Sigil of Ameth (see below) were placed. It had a one-inch
border, in which certain letters were drawn, 21 to a side. Inside the border a
Star of David was drawn, and in the center of the star a 6-inch square divided
into a 3-by-4 grid, containing more letters. On top of the table were placed
seven planetary talismans, called the "Ensigns of Creation" (see below). In the
center, a large version of the Sigil of Ameth. When in use, the table, Sigil,
and talismans were to be covered with a red silk cloth. The scrying-stone was
then placed on top of the cloth, directly over the Sigil.

The letters around the edge of the table, and in the central grid, are taken
from the same 12-by-7 table used to
form the lamen. They are intended to "dignify" the table -- to consecrate it to
the Heptarchic work -- in the same way the lamen dignifies the magician. There
is no indication in the record that they were intended to be words conveying
meaning, as Gerald Schueler has alleged.

Many magicians have assumed that the Holy Table is also necessary to
operations involving the Calls and Tablets given to Dee and Kelly in 1584. It is
true that they made use of the table for operations that obtained that material.
However, the table is clearly designed specifically for use with the Heptarchic
powers; it seems unlikely that it would be suitable for the quasi-elemental
nature of the Tablet powers.

The
Sigil of Ameth or Sigillum Dei is a large wax disk, on which are
inscribed various names of God and angels, within a design of heptagons and
heptagrams. This sigil was to be placed in the center of the Holy Table,
underneath the scrying-stone. Smaller versions were to be placed underneath the
cup-like ends of the table’s legs, apparently to insulate the table from earthly
influences.

The Sigil is the only part of Dee’s work that has a direct correspondence in
earlier magickal systems; versions appear in Liber Juratis and in
Eodipus Aegypticus, among other tomes. Dee was initially instructed to copy
the sigil from a book in his library, but found conflicting versions and could
not decide between them. When he questioned the angels, they proceeded to give
him the design for a new, more detailed version.

While most of the names on the Sigil are not immediately recognizable, nearly
all of them are derived from two sets of familiar angelic names. The first set
are the angels Agrippa lists as the "seven which stand in the presence of God".
The god-names outside the hexagram in the Sigil are formed by transposition of
the letters of these names, following an elaborate but consistent method. The
second set are the planetary Archangels, whose names are shown at the center of
the Sigil. These are used to form the four groups of seven angelic names within
the hexagram, called the "Sons of Light", "Daughters of Light", "Sons of the
Sons", and "Daughters of the Daughters". It is interesting to note that the
derived names were given first, and only afterwards was the means of derivation
shown. (For additional details on the formation of the Sigil, follow the
hyperlink above.)

Immediately following the presentation of the Sigil of Ameth, the angels
provided seven complex talismans called the "Ensigns
of Creation". These were to be engraved on plates of purified tin,
and arrayed on the surface of the holy table; either in a continuous ring around
the Sigil of Ameth, or in a row directly in front of the magician. As an
alternative to the plates, the angels allowed that they could be painted
directly on the table. During the Spring, 1583 corrections, the angels specified
that the letters on the ensigns were to be converted into the angelic alphabet,
but this was apparently never done.

As with the table itself, the ensigns were intended as instruments of
conciliation between the magician and the Heptarchic powers. Each ensign was
associated with a specific Heptarchic King, and therefor with a specific planet
and day of the week.

The 49 Good Angels are the first "worldly" angelic powers presented in this
system. Those listed on the Sigil of Ameth are apparently in some way above the
worlds in which men live, as are the Ensigns. Having presented the Ensigns, the
archangel Michael introduces the 49 angels by saying: "Now you touch the world,
and the doings upon the earth. Now we show you the lower world: The Governors
that work and rule under God."

Dee and Kelly were presented with seven 7-by-7 tables.
Each square of each table contained a letter and a number from 1 to 49. By
gathering the letters with the same number in a certain sequence, the names of
the angels were produced. The list of names, divided into groups of seven, were
called the Tabula Collecta. Dee arranged these names into a circular table
(called the Tabula Bonorum),
dividing the angels into groups of seven, with a King and a Prince heading each
group.

Each of the original seven tables was associated with power over a particular
aspect of existence; it follows that each angel’s name controls some part of
each of those aspects. The powers ascribed to each table or letter are:

Wit and wisdom

The exaltation and government of Princes

Prevailing in counsel, and over the nobility

The gain and trade of merchandise. (Later changed to Water by Dee,
for no clear reason.)

The qualities of Earth, and of Water

Knowledge of the Air and those that move in it

The government of fire.

From this list of powers it would seem that, along at least one dimension,
the Heptarchic magick is not entirely planetary in nature. The powers would fit
more with the conception of a fourfold elemental world ruled by a threefold
manifest spirit, as in the lowest seven sephiroth of the cabala.

Dee retroactively assigned a planetary attribute to each group of seven
angels, based on the connections between the Kings and the days of the week.
Later students have interpolated a system of dual attributes, based on the fact
that the Prince of a given day is in a different group from the day’s King.

Following the presentation of the 49 angels, there is a gap in the record of
about six months; apparently no operations were performed in this period.
Ashmole speculates that Dee and Kelly had a disagreement over continuing the
work. This seems a reasonable assumption. The pre-hiatus record ends with Kelly
expressing dislike and disbelief of the spirits for suggesting he take actions
not in accord with his nature. The post-hiatus record begins with the note:
"After reconciliation with Kelly".

The material in this section is more confused than in those previous. The
speech of the angels is more elaborate and bombastic, the visual aspect
characterized by a quality of kitsch. Perhaps Kelly’s continuing hostility to
the angels is responsible for the change.

The powers of the Princes are presented first, followed by their sigils. Next
the Heptarchic Kings appear in succession. They describe their powers, and each
presents their 42 ministers. The ministers in turn present their names, in two
forms: a table of six rows and seven columns, each containing a letter; and a
talisman with their names written about the circumference.

The powers ascribed to the Kings appear to be more in keeping with a
planetary nature than those assigned to the individual letters of their names.
However, there are some instances where the powers seem inappropriate to the
assigned planet, and others where the power of the Prince does not accord with
that of the King.

Planet

King

King’s power

Prince

Prince’s power

Sun

Bobogel

Wisdom, Science

Bornogo

metals, altering nature

Mars

Babalel

Waters, battle

Befafes

seas

Jupiter

Bynepor

life of all things

Butmono

earth

Mercury

Bnaspol

earth and its contents

Blisdon

life

Saturn

Bnapsen

casting out wicked spirits

Brorges

fire

Venus

Baligon

powers of Air

Bagenol

not shown

Moon

Blumaza

not mentioned

Bralges

Air, invisible spirits

The 42 ministers assigned to each King are divided into six groups whose
seven members have names formed from the same letters. Each group rules a
four-hour section of the day, beginning at midnight. The first group is
typically represented as expressing a purer form of the King’s power than the
remaining five groups.

As was the case with the lamen and holy table, the names of the ministers are
derived from the table of the 49 angels. For the ministers, a different method
was used to extract the names for each King’s set. Also as previously, the names
were given to the magicians before the method of extraction
was explained.

Several places in the record reference is made to a "Great Globe", apparently
a diagram of some sort, which is not among the papers that have been published
to date. From context, it seems that it might be an additional variation on the
Tabulum Bonorum, or the 7 tables from which the Bonorum was made. As Dee
describes it: "…there are capital letters under the King’s names and characters:
and also there are other letters with numbers: … and moreover of these letters,
some are aversed and some eversed."

This table was to be used in the creation of talismans for invocations of
Heptarchic angels. An example of such a talisman shows the sigil of one of the
Sons of Light in its center, with the Name of an Heptarchic King in a circle
around it. An outer circle of reversed and normal letters from this missing
diagram forms the circumference of the talisman.

In the spring, 1583 sessions, the angels indicated that a session was planned
in which detailed instructions would be given for the use of the Heptarchic
magick. If this session took place, it is not in the surviving records; but some
idea of the general technique can be gathered from comments in other parts of
the record.

The magician would be seated at the holy table, wearing the ring and lamen.
The Ensign of the King being invoked is placed on the table before him. He would
hold a talisman of the appropriate Heptarchic King in one hand, with a talisman
of the King’s ministers names placed under his feet. The magician would then
call upon the King by petition and prayer, followed by petitions to his Prince,
and invocations of the six major ministers. They would appear in the shewstone,
whereupon the magician would charge them to perform the task he desired.

Liber Loagaeth is the most mysterious part of Dee and Kelly’s work. It
is also known variously as the Book of Enoch and as Liber Mysteriorum
Sextus et Sanctus. No one as yet has made serious attempts to use it, or to
understand its nature beyond what is recorded in the diaries. According to the
angels, "logaeth" means "speech from God"; this book is supposed to be,
literally, the words by which God created all things. It is supposedly the
language in which the "true names" of all things are known, giving power over
them.

As described in Liber Mysteriorum Quintis, the book was to consist of
48 "leaves", each of which contains a 49-by-49 grid. The book as actually
presented to Kelly is somewhat different. It contains 49 "Calls" in an unknown
language, 95 tables of squares filled with letters and numbers, two similar
tables unfilled, and four tables drawn twice as large as the others. Two
"leaves" are recorded in Liber Mysteriorum Quintis; these are not
included in the final book, and apparently serve as an introduction or prologue
to the work.

On the surface, the "Calls" of Liber Loagaeth do not appear to be a
language as humans understand the term. There are no translations by which this
might be judged in detail, but the text lacks the repetitiveness and consistent
word-placement that is characteristic of the 48 Enochian Calls given in the next
year. There is no apparent grammar to the text. Donald Laycock remarks that the
language is highly alliterative and repetitively rhyming, while Robert Turner
calls it "glossolalic". The angels said that each element of each table could be
understood in 49 different ways, so that there were that many "languages" in it,
all of them being spoken at once.

The purpose of Loagaeth was said to be the ushering in of a new age on
Earth, the last age before the end of all things. Instructions for using it to
that effect were never given; the angels continually put it off, saying that
only God could decide when the time was right.

During the presentation of the two leaves in Liber Mysteriorum Quintis,
an angel in the scrying stone would point to the letters successively, and Kelly
would read out the names of the angelic characters. Dee transcribed a version
using the Roman alphabet, apparently with the intention of redrawing it in
angelic characters at a later date.

The record indicates that at the start of each session a light would fly out
of the scrying stone and into Kelly’s head; this light was seen by both of them.
Once the light entered Kelly, his consciousness was transformed so that he could
comprehend the text as he read it. He was firmly ordered not to provide a
translation, with the explanation that God would select the time for it to be
revealed. He nevertheless provided translations of a few of the words, but
insufficient to gather the meaning of the text as a whole.

When the light was withdrawn from Kelly’s head, he would immediately cease to
understand the text, and was no longer able to see it in the stone. On a few
occasions, the light continued in him for a short time after the end of the
session, and at these times Dee notes that Kelly said many marvelous (and
unrecorded) things about the nature of the texts. But the instant the light
withdrew, Kelly could no longer understand it, or recall what he had said even
moments before. The record says that the 23rd line of the first leaf
was a preface to the creation and distinction of angels, and the 24th
line an invitation pleasant to good angels. Nothing else is recorded of the
purpose of the book.

It soon became apparent that the method used was too slow. The angels were
under some time constraint in presenting the book, and arranged that Kelly would
be able to see the book at any time. He was to directly record what he saw
rather than reading it to Dee. During this latter part of the work, Kelly
apparently did not have the deep understanding of the book’s meaning, but only a
visual apperception of its letters.

The first leaf shown to Dee and Kelly contained the "angelic" alphabet
displayed above the grid. The two were given the names and English equivalents
of the letters, and told to memorize them before continuing. When Dee did not do
so, and complained of the other demands on his time, the angels strongly rebuked
him. The text of the leaves was drawn in the characters of this alphabet, and at
the angels’ instruction they were also applied to the lamen and holy table of
the Heptarchic magick.

Several people have alleged that the angelic alphabet was
copied from some earlier book. Laycock examined all of the possibilities, and
while he recognized certain stylistic similarities with previous magickal
alphabets, he concluded that none of them was sufficiently like it to count as
an earlier version.

The third section of the work is the only portion that is properly called
Enochian. This name was not actually used by Dee and Kelly; they called the
system "angelic". The "Enochian" label derives from the origin-myth the angels
supplied for this portion of the magick.

According to the myth, this magick was given to the patriarch Enoch by God,
and was the means whereby Enoch worked his magick. The magick was preserved past
the time of Enoch’s ascension, but in later generations unworthy people began to
make use of it. God caused the books to be lost, and sent wicked spirits to
spread false magickal systems among the people. (Amusingly, these false systems
are based on the use of sigils or "characters", like most of the other magickal
systems of Dee’s time, or like modern "Chaos" magick.) Dee’s prolonged and
fervent prayers finally caused God to relent, and reveal the magick again.

It is uncertain exactly when the label was first applied to the system.
Common modern usage apparently stems from its use by the Golden Dawn.

The angels were under a time constraint in delivering the Angelic magick. The
work was begun on April 10, 1584, and had to be completed before August of that
year. Throughout the work, there was constant interference from "evil" spirits,
seeking to convince Dee and Kelly (mostly Kelly) to abandon it. Kelly also fell
back into his old habits of demon-magick, prompting tension between him and the
angels until he foreswore it.

Unlike the Heptarchia and Liber Loagaeth, the pieces of the Enochian
system were presented in a seemingly haphazard way. However, the sequence of
presentation serves to confirm that the angels were working from knowledge not
available to Dee and Kelly. In chronological order, the sections given were:

The Tablet of God, sometimes called the Tablet of Nalvage.

The first four Calls, delivered backwards a letter at a time, and
their translations.

The fifth through eighteenth Calls, delivered forwards, without
translations.

The names of the 91 Parts of the Earth in Liber Scientiae,
with the number of their indwelling ministers and the number of the
Zodiacal King ruling each.

The relation of the Parts to regions of the Earth.

The four Elemental Tablets or Tables of Enoch.

The translations of the Calls previously given, and the
specification of the correct ordering of the Calls.

The Call of the Ayres or Aethyrs

The names of the Aethyrs.

The translations of the fifth through eighteenth Calls were not given until
six weeks after the angelic versions. The consistency of these translations --
that is, the same words given the same meaning in different Calls -- at least
serves to establish that the meanings were not invented on the spot.

The names of the Parts are derived from the Elemental Tablets, and their
sigils are to be found by connecting the letters of their names on the Tablets.
The sigils were shown drawn on the Tablet’s grid before the letters for the
Tablet were given. The sequence in which the names, sigils, and Tablets were
given reflects the confirmation method used for the Heptarchic magick.

The work was completed on July 13th, 1584, with the delivery of
the final portion of the Call of the Aethyrs, and the names of the Aethyrs.
After that, it is as if a light went out in both Dee and Kelly; having reached
some pinnacle of achievement, they fell back, exhausted, into a more prosaic
realm. Indeed, it seems almost as if the events of the previous three years had
never occurred. Other concerns occupy all of their attention; their visionary
work is unconnected with what came before, and has a half-hearted quality. There
is no indication that they ever did any more with the Angelic magick.

The angels who were central to the delivery of the magick are never seen
again. The magick itself only figures into the records on three more occasions:
when the records are destroyed, when they are miraculously restored, and when
Kelly receives the "Tabula Recensa".

The first piece of the angelic magick presented was a small table. It was
unnamed in the record, but on the basis of its content, it would be appropriate
to call it the "Tablet of God". No specific use for this table is given, but its
size and described nature suggests that it might be a lamen to be used with the
magick that follows it.

The table consists of an 6-by-6 inner portion, surrounded by four names of
four letters each. Each corner of the inner portion contains the letters "IAD",
an angelic word for God. The inner portion is divided into four 3-by-3 tables,
called "continents" by the angel Nalvage; each of these contains three angelic
words, written diagonally, which describe the nature of that section. Reading
the lines of the section horizontally gives the names of three groups of angels.
Image
of the Tablet of God

Continent

Name

Motto

Choirs of Angels

Upper left

Highest Life

"I am the joy of God."

1. Joy

2. Presence

3. Praising

Lower left

Life, or Second Life

The moving power of God, or God’s power in motion.

1. Power

2. Motion

3. Ministering

Upper right

Life not now dignified, which will be dignified

The result of God’s action

1. Action

2. Events

3. Establishing

Lower right

Life which is also Death

The discord and lamentation of God

1. Lamentation

2. Discord

3. Confusing

Zalewski switches the choirs for the lower left and upper right continents.
The "mottoes" for these two continents suggest a connection with the original
positions of the elemental Tablets within the Great Table (described below). The
Tablet of Fire was at lower left, which fits with "power-in-motion". Earth was
at upper right, and Earth is traditionally the realm where final results or
events occur. The connection in the other two continents is somewhat more
abstract; Air at upper left is the element closest to heaven in the structure of
the world; Water at lower right is connected with death and sorrow through the
watery signs of Scorpio and Pisces.

The four names surrounding this inner portion are connected with the Son
aspect of divinity. These names have the same meanings as the third choirs of
the continents, but the spellings are unrelated. With the four "I"s in the
corners of the continents, they form a ring around the outside of the table.

Nalvage says of this Table:

"1. Its substance is attributed to God the Father.

"2. The first circular mover, the circumference, God the Son, the finger
of the Father, and the mover of all things.

"3. The order and knitting together of the parts in their due and perfect
proportion, God the Holy Ghost. Lo, in the beginning and end of all
things.""

"Substance" is used here in the philosophical senses of "essence" and
"something considered as a continuous whole". The unbroken continuity of God the
Father is expressed in the duality of the Son (the outer ring of the Table) and
the Holy Ghost (the inner continents). The arrangement of the continents
reflects (or is reflected in) the positions of the elemental tablets in the
Great Table, in the same way that Binah "contains" the lower sephiroth in the
cabala. Thus this table may represent the unmanifest Supernal Triad from which
the manifest elements of the angelic magick have emanated.

The Calls are a series of invocations in an unknown language, which is called
"Angelic" in Dee’s records. Angelic has the appearance of a true language,
though the existing samples are insufficient to deduce a full grammar. The
language is similar to English in its positioning of subjects, verbs, and
objects. It is unlike English in its lack of separate articles, possessives, and
prepositions. As a general rule, the words of the language do not appear related
to those of any known language, although there are occasional striking (if
superficial) resemblances. E.g., Angelic "christeos", meaning "let there be"
versus Greek "christos", Angelic "babalon" meaning "wicked" or "harlot" versus
"Babylon".

Nineteen Calls were given to Dee and Kelly. The final Call has thirty
variations, making the total of 48 Calls. The purpose of the Calls is
sufficiently described by Nalvage:

"This self-same art is it, which is delivered unto you as an infallible
doctrine, containing in it the waters which run through many Gates: even
above the Gate of Innocency, wherein you are taught to find out the dignity
and corruption of nature: also made partakers in the Secret Judgements of
the Almighty to be made manifest, and to be put into execution.

"I am therefore to instruct and inform you, according to your doctrine
delivered, which is contained in 49 Tables. In 49 voices, or callings: which
are the Natural Keys to open those, not 49 but 48 (for One is not to be
opened) Gates of Understanding; whereby you shall have knowledge to move
every Gate, and to call out as many as you please, or shall be thought
necessary, which can very well, righteously, and wisely open unto you the
secrets of their Cities, and make you understand perfectly [that] contained
in the Tables."

Colin Low has suggested that the above-mentioned Gates are connected with the
"Gates of Understanding" found in some Yetziratic texts, and with the fifty
Gates mentioned in Thelema’s Liber AL vel Legis.

It is certain that there is some sort of relationship between the Calls and
the Elemental Tablets (described below), but the exact nature of the connection
is a matter of speculation. The 19th Call, titled the "Call of the
Aethyrs", is explicitly associated with the 30 Aethyrs of Liber Scientiae;
its wording clearly makes it an invocation for the 91 "Parts of the Earth" in
that book.

Following the quote above, the remaining Calls are assumed to connect with
the hierarchies of the elemental Tablets, but their wording is too poetic and
ambiguous for specific associations to be made with certainty. While confirming
the correct sequence of these Calls, the angel Ilemese states that each Call has
its proper Table, but does not state what these tables are.

Experiments by several magicians seem to establish that the First and Second
Calls in some way define the poles within which the remaining Calls work. The
First Call usually produces a generic manifestation of Spirit, a general pull
towards higher levels. The record implies in a vague way that it is to be used
when invoking the Elemental Kings and their ministers, the Seniors; possibly in
combination with other Calls. The Second Call is stranger. It does not appear to
define a "material" pole as such; rather, it defines a framework or overall form
into which the powers of the system can be poured and contained.

The usual assumption by later magicians (not universally accepted) has been
that the remaining Calls refer to the "Lesser Angles" within the Tablets. The
Golden Dawn’s method of associating these Calls with the Tablets and Lesser
Angles has become the accepted standard. Donald Tyson has recently come up with
an alternative method that has received some attention.

An alternative view of the Calls states that they are parallel to, but
separate from the Tablets. That is, they should be used by themselves, without
the divine names from the Tablets. There is certainly evidence in the text of
the Calls that they represent a continuing "story" of a creative process,
beginning with God in the First Call, and ending with the establishment of God’s
power "in the center of the Earth" in the Eighteenth Call.

The Great Table is a
large grid of letters, 25 squares wide and 27 high. Two major versions of the
Table exist. The first was produced during the work in 1584. Three years later,
Kelly (working alone) produced a revised Table now called the Tabula Recensa.

The Table is a magickal "map" of the world, including all levels of existence
that are not part of the transcendental, divine realm. It is divided internally
according to an orderly system to produce a hierarchy of divine and angelic
names ruling various aspects of existence. A separate method of division, in
which it is separated into 91 dissimilar regions, produces the sigils of the
"Parts of the Earth" shown in Liber Scientiae.

The first division in the Great Table splits it into four Elemental Tablets,
12 squares wide and 13 squares high. These Tablets are separated by a cross with
arms one square wide, called the Cross of Union, or Black Cross. The four
tablets are associated with the four traditional elements, following the same
positions as the continents in the Tablet of God. (The Tabula Recensa changes
the positions of the Tablets within the Table.)

Each Tablet has an internal division into four "Lesser Angles", separated by
a "Great Cross". The Great Cross has a vertical arm two units wide, and a
horizontal arm one unit high. The horizontal is called the "Line of the Holy
Ghost" and contains the three highest names of God within the Tablet, formed by
dividing its twelve letters into groups of three, four, and five letters. The
vertical arm considered as a whole is said to represent God the Father. When
considered as two columns, it represents God as Father and Son.

The eight central letters of the Great Cross are taken in a clockwise inward
spiral to form the two names of the Elemental King who rules the Tablet. Each of
these names uses only one of the two most central letters. Dee was told that one
of these names was for beneficent works, the other for works with harmful
intent. When the letters of the Great Cross are read outwards from the center
along each arm, they form the seven-letter names of six "Seniors".

The Great Cross is associated with levels of manifest divinity, the
mathematical or planetary regions that lie above the Earth but inside the
transcendental divine realm in medieval cosmology. Cabalistically they connect
with the second triad of sephiroth in the Tree of Life, and with the human soul
that originates there. The King and Seniors are generally considered to be
planetary in nature; the power of the Seniors was said to be "knowledge of all
human affairs".

The Lesser Angles are grids five columns wide and six rows high. The central
column forms a god-name of six letters; the second row from the top forms a
god-name of five letters. The four rows below (ignoring the central column) form
four angelic names ruled by these god-names. Today they are usually referred to
by the Golden Dawn label, as "Servient" angels.

The four squares of the top row (again ignoring the central column) form four
angelic names which are not ruled by the god-names from the calvary cross.
Instead, a different god-name is formed by adding a letter from the Cross of
Union to the first angel’s name. These four angels are specifically associated
with the letters INRI, written above the cross of Jesus’ crucifixion. The Golden
Dawn labeled them "Kerubic" angels, after the four elemental Kerubs of the Tarot
cards.

The angels of the Lesser Angles are assigned governance over specific areas
of knowledge, e.g., medicine, precious stones, mechanical arts, etc. These
powers can be easily associated with one of the four elements; the result is
that the positioning of the elements in the Tablet of God is reflected downwards
in the positions of the Tablets in the Great Table, and in the positions of the
Lesser Angles within each Tablet.

Type of Angel

Lesser Angles

Power

Servient

Upper left (Air)

Medicine

"

Upper right (Earth)

Metals and Stones

"

Lower left (Fire)

Transformation

"

Lower right (Water)

Living creatures

Kerubic

Upper left

Mixing of natures

"

Upper right

Changing of place

"

Lower left

Mechanical arts

"

Lower right

Understanding secrets

These various powers must be considered to be representative rather than
inclusive. According to the angels the Great Table is in some way connected to
every type of event that takes place within the Earth; therefore these angels
must have much wider areas of responsibility than is suggested by the listed
powers.

Liber Scientiae, Auxilii, et Victoriae Terrestris, the "Book of
Knowledge, Help, and Earthly Victory", is the third major portion of the
Enochian magick. The details were given during the 1584 work, and were compiled
into a book by Dee in May of the following year. In introducing this part of the
work, the angel Nalvage said:

"There are 30 Calls yet to come. Those 30 are the Calls of Ninety-one
Princes and Spiritual Governors, unto whom the Earth is delivered as a
portion. These bring in and dispose Kings and all the governments upon the
Earth, and vary the natures of things with the variation of every moment;
Unto whom the providence of Eternal Judgement is already opened. These are
generally governed by the 12 angels of the 12 Tribes, which are also
governed by the 7 who stand before the presence of God. …"

A following paragraph in Latin clarifies that it is the Angels of the Tribes
who are the governors, and that the 91 are actually regions or territories of
the magickal realm corresponding to various earthly territories. Each Angel
rules a varying number of these regions.

In addition to its regular hierarchies, the Great Table contains the names
and sigils of the 91 "Parts of the Earth as imposed by God" of Liber
Scientiae. Where the angelic hierarchies described previously are derived
from the Tablets by following uniform divisions, the names of the Parts are
derived in such a way that each covers a uniquely-shaped area. The natures of
the Parts are equally heterogeneous; none of them is like any other in scope,
quality, or power. Image of the sigils on the Great
Table

It could be said that the regular Tablet hierarchies and the 91 Parts
represent complementary views of the world that they both cover. The regular
Tablet names represent the ordering of the world according to the ideal plan of
God; the way in which the world connects with divine archetypes and patterns.
The Parts, on the other hand, represent the transformation of the divine plan
into the endlessly changing, endlessly dissimilar events of manifest existence.

In sequence, the angels gave Dee and Kelly first the number of "ministers"
dwelling in each Part, the number of the Aethyr in which it was contained, and
the number of the Tribal Angel King ruling the Part. Next the names of the Parts
were given, and their mundane equivalents, followed by their sigils on the Great
Table. After the letters and regular hierarchies of the Table were filled in,
the angels presented the Call of the Aethyrs and the names of the Aethyrs. The
origin of the Angel King names is obscure; they are not shown in the published
portion of the diaries, but are in place in the final book version of Liber
Scientiae.

The sigils of the Parts are found by drawing lines between the squares of the
Part’s area in the Great Table, in the sequence of the letters in its name. In
the presentation to Dee and Kelly, the sigils were presented before the
Tablets were filled in with letters, so that when the letters were added they
could check back against the names of the Parts as previously given. The
correlation between the two sets was remarkably high; only a few of the names
had different spellings in the Tablets. None of them were completely dissimilar.

It should be noted that there is one Part whose sigil is shown in the Great
Table, but which is not listed in Liber Scientiae. If all the names in
the book are valid, there are actually 92 Parts, not 91. Some magicians have
speculated that this extra Part should replace the sixty-fifth Part, whose name
is formed using the two leftover, non-contiguous squares in each Tablet.

Originally, the angels tried to give Dee and Kelly the mundane equivalents of
the Parts by displaying their regions on a globe of the world. Dee cut this
method off before it started, complaining that they ought to give him the
regions in longitude and latitude, or by reference to the maps in his
possession. There is no obvious reason why Dee became stubborn on this point;
certainly he was aware that his maps didn’t cover the entire world.

The angels rebuked Dee, saying that they didn’t see the world in terms of
arbitrary mathematical designations, nor in the conic projections of Dee’s maps.
But rather than return to their intended method, they chose to associate the
Parts with the regions of the world listed by Ptolemy.

Robin Cousins has gone to great effort to identify the modern regions
represented by the Ptolemaic names. His descriptions and maps can be found as
appendices in Turner’s Elizabethan Magick. It is apparent from Mr.
Cousins’ maps that there is a great deal of overlap in these regions. For
example, the region of Parva Asia or Anatolia overlaps, in whole or part, no
less than nine other regions. Several Parts connect with single cities rather
than regions, and others are described simply as "in the north" or "in the far
south".

One might suspect that the angels, balked in their intent, simply latched
onto the first available method that would satisfy Dee, regardless of its
correctness. After receiving the whole list, Dee began to see the difficulties
in the scheme and questioned the angels. The response was less than satisfactory
to him, in the end boiling down to a statement that when he called the Parts,
they would show him the regions they rule. It is implied that thirty of the
Parts relate to the New World. Mr. Cousins originally said he believed that
these thirty were in addition to the existing 91 Parts, making 121 Parts in all.
However, he now believes that the thirty meant that additional territories were
covered by the existing 91 Parts, in the way that the angels added Poland and
Moscow to the territory ruled by the same Part as Sarmatia. My own reading is
also that these thirty are among the given Parts, since any additions would
either overlap existing ones, or require slightly less than another full Tablet
as a region they would map.

The thirty Aethyrs are barely mentioned in Dee’s diaries; they are certainly
not given the importance that they have acquired in the minds of some modern
magicians. Their function seems to be merely that of containers to hold the 91
Parts. There is no indication that they have any function separate from the
Parts.

While the Enochian materials given to Dee and Kelly form a solid core for a
magickal system, they are lacking in the supporting infrastructure necessary to
make them a complete and useable system. Only the barest indications are given
as to the nature of the various angels, the relationship of the system’s
structure and powers to those of other systems such as the cabala, or the mythic
underpinnings for using it as an initiatory system.

The instructions for using the Enochian magick are equally spare, a few
sentences in length:

"Four days (after your book is made, that is to say, written) must you
only call upon those names of God, [i.e., in the Tablets] or on the God of
Hosts, in those names:

"And 14 days after you shall (in this, or in some convenient place) call
the Angels [of the Tablets] by petition, and by the name of God unto which
they are obedient.

"The 15th day you shall clothe yourselves, in vestures made of linen,
white: and so have the apparition, use, and practice of the Creatures. For,
it is not a labour of years, nor many days."

The "book" mentioned is a book of supplications or prayers to god and the
angels, to be devised by the magician, written neatly, and bound together. The
book is only to be used for this one operation, and then destroyed. The Calls
are not mentioned at all.

Apparently the magician is intended to use a "bootstrap" method of learning
the magick, similar to that used in the Abramelin magick. He invokes the angels,
and the angels themselves show him the best way to use it. And as in the
Abramelin work, the angels emphasize that it is the fervency of the magician’s
prayers that will produce effective contact, not the form of the prayers.

Given the bare-bones nature of the original Enochian material, magicians have
to improvise extensively to make it into an effective general-purpose magickal
system. The history of the system’s use is a history of innovation. Every
magician or group that has used it extensively has added their own distinct
character to it, taking it in a direction at least slightly different from
anyone else. It has evolved as the viewpoints of its users have evolved, and
seems perfectly capable of adapting to many viewpoints without stress.

The one point on which all these users agree is that the Calls and the Tablet
names are tools of remarkable potency, possibly unmatched by any other magickal
system now known. Even a completely inexperienced user, with a small effort, is
virtually guaranteed to get some sort of response.

Beyond this, it is difficult to gather a coherent picture of the magick.
While the angels have distinct natures, they present themselves to each magician
in a manner that is consonant with his own nature and "true will", and which is
-- to a lesser extent -- in accord with his expectations and conscious intent.
The problem of their conformity to expectations can be overcome with practice.
The former limitation seems to be absolute; they will not interfere with the
true will of the magician. But within that limit they will do everything they
can to take the magician as far and as high as he can go.

For a variety of reasons, only a few records of Enochian workings have been
preserved. Most such records have been saved because the people who performed
the work were interesting to scholars for other reasons; as an obscure branch of
an obscure subject, it has not rated a great deal of attention from scholars and
publishers. Given this lack of information, and the limitations mentioned above,
the available records have to be considered to be spotlights illuminating areas
within a vast field, most of which still remains dark and unknown.

As far as is shown in the surviving records, neither Dee nor Kelly ever made
significant use of the Angelic magick. During the three years following the
receipt of the magick, they apparently ignored it entirely. If they did anything
with it beyond that period, the record has been lost.

Sloane Manuscripts 3624-3628 contain the record of extensive spirit actions
with the Enochian magick, begun in the 1670’s and continuing for over seventeen
years. Three magicians and a scryer invoked practically every angel and entity
connected with the Enochian system. Some scholars believe that Elias Ashmole and
William Lilly are two of the magicians involved. However, Clay Holden believes
that this is not the case, based on the handwriting; the record is in a crabbed
and almost unreadable hand very unlike Ashmole’s elegant script.

From Clay Holden:

Ashmole appears to have been largely content to make planetary talismans
to banish rats from his house, as near as I can determine from his diaries.
I would dearly love to find some solid evidence to the contrary, but fear
that my assumption that Ashmole was one of the hands behind these Spirit
Diaries was wishful thinking.

The diaries have not been examined closely at this time, but preliminary
indications are that they do not contain any results of special significance.

The original Golden Dawn magickal society operated from the 1880’s into the
1900’s, when it split into various groups. Descendent organizations (of varying
degrees of legitimacy) continue to operate up to the present, using much of the
material developed by the founders. People using the Golden Dawn system probably
constitute the largest group of Enochian magicians over this century; despite
certain theoretical problems, it has proven in practice to be an effective means
of accessing the angelic forces.

The Golden Dawn adepts made substantial additions to the original Enochian
materials, basing them in part upon a late 18th-century manuscript
titled A Treatise on Angel Magic. Their system for relating the Calls to
the Tablets has become the standard model. Most significant is their elaborate
system of attributes for the squares of the Elemental Tablets, which seeks to
unite Enochian magick with cabalistic and Rosicrucian lore to give a complete
symbolic representation of the magickal universe.

In this system, each division in the Tablets is connected with specific types
of magickal forces -- elemental, planetary, zodiacal, or sephirotic. For
example, the 36 squares of the Great Cross are associated with the 36 decanates
of the zodiac; the ten squares of the calvary crosses in the Lesser Angles are
connected with the sephiroth of the Tree of Life.

The individual letters of the names in a given rank represent sub-forces or
special manifestations of the represented type, distinguished by the addition of
lesser attributes. A given square can have up to four attributes, depending on
its type and its position in a given Tablet and Lesser Angle. Additionally, each
letter of the angelic alphabet is given a separate attribute to one of the
figures used in geomantic divination. Diagrams showing the complete listing of
attributes for all the squares can be found in Aleister Crowley’s Liber
LXXXIX vel Chanokh.

Golden Dawn magicians explore the squares astrally, using a technique
involving the visualization of a truncated pyramid. Each side of the visualized
pyramid is colored and emblazoned with the symbols of the square’s attributes.
The magician recites the appropriate Calls and vibrates relevant divine and
angelic names, and concentrates the invoked power in the pyramid. The power is
then seen rising up the sides of the pyramid and shooting out into magickal
space in the form of a beam of light. The magician enters this beam and rises
with it through the planes until he comes to a landscape or space that expresses
the invoked power. This technique has proven to be highly effective in practice.

At least one Golden Dawn offshoot has applied the pyramid method to the
angels of the Heptarchia.

Aleister Crowley’s work with the Enochian magick generally follows the Golden
Dawn system. He is known primarily for his explorations of the 30 Aethyrs,
published in The Vision and the Voice. This work established the idea
that the Aethyrs might represent a means of initiation, and set a standard for
methodical exploration that few have equaled. It also fixed Crowley’s peculiar
perspective on the process of transcendence in the minds of many students of the
occult.

Crowley envisioned the Aethyrs as being connected with the sephiroth of the
Tree of Life in groups of three. He also mentions that each Aethyr "folds up"
into the next higher Aethyr in some way, so that as one progresses through the
Aethyrs from the last to the first, one is also withdrawing one’s being from the
lower, already-experienced levels. (This is parallel to the technique he
describes in Liber Yod, in which the magician achieves union with the
godhead by progressively banishing all other levels and powers.)

Under this conception, the Aethyr ZAX, whose Parts have names formed from the
Cross of Union, is the highest of the three attributed to Chesed. It is thus the
last Aethyr one encounters before moving into the Supernal Triad and achieving
transcendence. Crowley envisioned this movement as the crossing of an "Abyss" or
gap, during which the magician encounters an Enochian devil named Choronzon
dwelling therein.

Crowley’s other contribution to Enochian magick was the adaptation of the
Golden Dawn pyramid system for use with O.T.O.-style sex magick. In this
technique, physical representations of the pyramids are made for the name of an
angel, but inverted to form square "cups". These serve as talismans, which are
charged using the end-product of the sex magick operation.

The published documents of the Aurum Solis magickal order show a unique
method of using Liber Scientiae. Their research has focused on
discovering the nature and uses of the numbered-but-unnamed "ministers" residing
in each of the 91 Parts.

They used the second Angelic Call along with the Call of the Aethyrs, in
order to cause the invoked forces to manifest at the "material" pole of their
range; this brings the ministers, who are the lowest members of a Part’s
hierarchy, into the greatest state of activity. For each group of ministers they
have compiled a name, an image of their appearance, and a list of their powers
and the aspects of existence on which they can act. Given the large number of
Parts, they have a virtual encyclopedia of useful magickal effects. Since they
have not published any magickal records using their methods, there is no way to
determine how well their system works in practice.

In contrast, their use of the regular Tablet hierarchies appears to be fairly
conventional, in line with the Golden Dawn methods, but not using the G.D.’s
elaborate system of attributes.

Quoting Israel Regardie, from his introduction to Aleister Crowley’s The
Vision and the Voice:

One advisor … had suggested the discontinuation of the whole project. His
motive was that a California group sensationally engaged in the practice of
Satanism had appropriated and published the Enochian rituals or Calls in a
so-called Satanic Bible. Because of this, it was felt that there were now
undesirable contacts associated with the rituals that could only lead to
chaos and confusion.

The author of this debased volume had made enough changes in the various
Calls to rule out any likelihood of confusion with those presented here in
their original form. Wherever the word God is used, the author had
substituted the name of Satan or one of the equivalent terms in its stead.
The same holds true for several other pieces of similar stupidity.

As a primarily religious organization, the CoS used the Calls as "tools for
psychodramatic ritual"; i.e., as something mysterious to spiff up their
services. There is no indication that the founder ever took the Calls seriously
as a tool, or that they were ever used by the CoS for explicitly magickal
purposes.

The Church of Satan's schismatic offshoot, the Temple of Set, has abandoned
the CoS versions of the Calls. Rather than rewrite the angelic language of the
Calls, Michael Aquino (founder of the Temple of Set) has substantially revised
the translations of the Calls to conform to his own philosophy and myth-system.
The Calls and Mr. Aquino's "translations" are presented as the "Word of Set" in
the ToS manual The Crystal Tablet of Set.

In some instances, Aquino's version departs substantially from the original
translations; in others, the differences are small enough that one might call
them justifiable poetic license. But the overall sense conveyed is dramatically
different from the original. Quoting Mr. Aquino:

An "Enochian purist" might question the translation provided by the
Word of Set in that it is not the English version recorded by John Dee
in his diaries. My answer is simply that I approached the Keys not
as a historian seeking to reprint what Dee did, but as a magician seeking to
operate the same "magical machinery" that Dee did -- and to operate it with
greater care and precision than he did. Hence it is not a case of my
"corrupting Dee", but rather of my uncorrupting something which
predated Dee's own existence, and which was, after all, not of his [or
Kelley's] authorship.

Mr. Aquino does not provide any explanation of how the "Word of Set" came to
be delivered by angels espousing an emphatically Christian world-view.

The British graded occult group based in Wolverhampton, the Order of the
Cubic Stone, (flourished 1965-91, now dormant) taught the Enochian system,
strictly according to John Dee. The Golden Dawn system of Enochia was
regarded as inaccurate and members were not encouraged to use its
correspondences. Because membership was country-wide, most work was done
individually or in small local groups (ie, if odd members lived near one
another), but virtually no record of this work was held centrally. A few
remaining members still practice today, but there is no overall
coordination.

Benjamin Rowe is an active magician working exclusively with Enochian magick,
known for methodical, thorough workings, and for developing unusual,
non-traditional techniques and viewpoints. He has made an effort to expose his
work to public scrutiny and criticism, believing that the state of the art can
only be advanced through open communications. He is currently involved in a
long-term project exploring all of the 91 Parts of Liber Scientiae in
sequence.

The most noted of Rowe’s technical innovations is a method by which an
elemental Tablet can be transformed into a three-dimensional astral structure,
an "Enochian Temple". Properly constructed, the temple acts to produce intense
concentrations of the powers of the entire Tablet in a balanced form. The power
creates a "gate" which can be used to explore symbols of any magickal system, to
produce permanent changes in the consciousness of the magician, or to break
through into extraterrestrial magickal realms. He believes other uses are
possible, but has not yet explored them.

Examining the Golden Dawn system of correspondences for the Tablets, Rowe
realized that their system was effectively upside down. That is, the highest
ranks of the Tablets had attributes to magickal powers universally considered
minor, while the major magickal powers were attributed to the lowest ranks of
the Tablets. The whole seemed based on coincidences of number rather than
experience. He spent several years determining the nature of the various ranks
through experiment, and devised and experimentally tested a new system of
correspondences that corrects the defects of the G.D. system and, he believes,
accurately reflects the actual nature of the Enochian powers.

Since the Necronomicon is a literary device created by H.P. Lovecraft,
any connection between the Enochian magick and the Necronomicon must also
be fictional. In one of his stories, Lovecraft stated that John Dee was at one
time in possession of a Latin translation of the book, which he translated into
English. In their spoof Necronomicon, authors Langford, Turner, and
Wilson suggested that Liber Loagaeth was actually a cipher version of the
Evil Book, which they had managed to decode. Neither of these ideas is supported
by the records.

Colin Low has perpetuated and embellished these fictional excursions in his "Necronomicon
Anti-FAQ" and other writings. Some modern readers, lacking a sense of humor and
irony, have taken his work seriously; as a consequence, the myth of Dee's
connection with the book has taken on an air of Utter Authority among certain
gullible portions of the magickal community.

The various pseudepigraphic "Books of Enoch" were unknown in Europe at the
time the magick was revealed to Dee and Kelly. Dee's work was aimed at
discovering what he believed to be the contents of these books; he had no direct
knowledge of their nature. The Enochian magick and the angels' origin-myth for
it bear no direct relation to the actual contents of the books now known by the
name.

There are two major threads of thought in Christian millennialism. One
thread, called postmillennialism, is largely Utopian in nature. It sees the
millennium as the beginning of a period of gradual perfection of conditions on
Earth; the basic principle is that the world must be brought to perfection and
the City of God built on Earth before the Christ will return, and it is only
after the Christ returns that the world will end. Two decades after Dee, this
form of millennialism was the driving force behind the religious groups
spearheading the English colonization of America. Dee's own thought contains
many post-mil ideals; in seeking out the Enochian magick, one of his goals was
to gain a means of bringing earthly governments and societies into line with the
design of God, thereby bringing the return of Christ closer.

The other thread, called premillennialism, is the more catastrophic variety.
In this version, the typical scenario is that the Christ returns, and then the
current "evil" societies of mankind will be destroyed in worldwide disasters,
while the elect are preserved from harm. After the world is destroyed, the
Christ joins with the faithful in a City built by God to rule over the Earth for
a thousand years.

While there is a strong millennialist flavor to the angels' pronouncements,
they are almost uniformly of the postmillennialist variety. The angels divided
the world into four ages. The first of these began with the creation and ended
with the Flood; the second ended with the first appearance of the Christ. The
revelation of Liber Loagaeth ended the third age and ushered in the final
age, in which the world would be brought to perfection prior to the return of
the Christ.

The Calls and Tablets were in turn intended to be one means by which this
perfection could be brought about. One particular passage establishes this
clearly.

On February 11, 1584, Dee & company had arrived at the Polish manor of Albert
Laskie, and had time to settle for a few days and do some magickal work. This
day was the first operation of a new series of works after the hiatus. And
during the work, the spirit Nalvage appeared for the first time to introduce
himself and state his purpose.

The session begins with a colloquy in Latin between an evil spirit that
settles by Kelly's left shoulder, and a good spirit that settles by his right
shoulder. After some discussion the dexter spirit banishes the sinister. He
spends a couple of paragraphs praising the Doctrine to be revealed, then says:

Nalvage:

"These [are] latter days, and the end of harvest must have also Labourers:
For no Age passeth away, but through the hands of God, who makest the end of his
doings known to the World: To the end, [that] the World may consent unto him in
Glory. So that this Doctrine, is the mysteries of the word of God, sealed from
the beginning, now delivered unto man, for that Reformation which must be in
one Unity established unto the end. [emphasized in original] The very part
of that Circle, which comprehendeth the Mysteries of the Highest, in his
Prophets, Apostles, and Ministers yet to come, which are alive and shall bear
witness of eternal comfort.

"The fruit of our doctrine is, that God should be praised. For of ourselves
we seek no glory: But we serve you to your comfort, teaching you the will of
God, in the self same Christ, that was crucified; sold and died in the
Patriarchs, and published to the World by his Disciples, and is now taught to
you, in the remission of sins... greatest in the world, for the end of all
things. The very key and entrance into the secret mysteries of God, (in respect
to his determination on earth) bringing with it reward in the end of eternal
glory, which is the greatest Treasure."

[paragraphs omitted]

Nalvage:

"These things are your parts, and portions sealed, as well by your own
knowledge, as the fruit of your intercession, The Knowledge of Gods Creatures.

"Unto me are delivered five parts [i.e., months] of time: Wherein I will
open, teach, and uncover the secrets of that speech, that holy mysterie. To the
intent the CABALA of NATURE, in voyce, substance of bodie, and measure in all
parts may be known. For there is nothing secret, but it shall be revealed, and
the Son of GOD shall be known in POWER, and establish a Kingdom with
righteousness in the earth, and then cometh the end.

"For the earth must come under subjection, and must be made pure. That death
may be swallowed in his own Kingdom, and the enemy of righteousness find no
habitation. The word of God endureth forever. His promises are just. His spirit
is truth. His judgements inscrutable. Himself universal. He it is of whom you
labour. The promises of God in this earthly noble man shall be fulfilled.
Salomon used the places of honor, and was exalted."

While not so clear as later speech from this source, nonetheless some things
are apparent. Nalvage is a postmillennialist. That is, he holds that the world
must be brought to a state of perfection and holiness before the Christ can
return; the City of God must be established by man, and then the end comes. The
Calls and Tablets (which he begins to deliver two months later) are the tool by
which this perfection of the Earth and mankind can be brought about.

Sloane ms. 3188. Mysteriorum Libri
Quinti. Contains the records of scrying sessions for the period from
December 1581 to May, 1583, divided into five books. These diaries are the raw
information given to Dee and Kelly concerning the Heptarchic magick, and the
beginnings of Liber Loagaeth.

Cotton Appendix XLVI, Parts 1 & 2.
Contains thirteen "books", covering the actions from May, 1583 to September
1585, plus additional material from later periods. These records are the raw
information given on the Angelic Calls, the Great Table, and Liber Scientiae.

Other manuscripts sometimes cited are copies or extracts from the above
manuscripts.

Casaubon, Meric., D.D., A True and Faithful Relation of What Passed for
Many Years Between Dr. John Dee and some Spirits, Magickal Childe, 1992, New
York, NY. A facsimile of the original 1659 edition, produced by Clay Holden.
Contains most of the material from Cotton Appendix XLVI, with a long
introduction by Casaubon that seeks to prove that Dee and Kelly contacted evil
spirits. Early English typescript and speech conventions make this work
difficult to read at times. Also contains a "lost" section of the diaries, found
by Clay Holden.

James, Geoffrey, The Enochian Evocation of Dr. John Dee, Heptangle
Books, 1989, Gillette, NJ. [Reprinted by Llewellyn, 1994 as The Enochian
Magick of Dr. John Dee] Largely a version of Sloane ms. 3191 in modern
typescript. James' translations of the Latin have come under criticism, as has
his editing of some passages in English.

Turner, Robert. Elizabethan Magic: The Art and the Magus, foreword by
Colin Wilson; with contributory material by Patricia Shore Turner and Robin
E.Cousins; illustrated by Charles H. Cattell and Jane O'Reilly; translations
from the Latin by Christopher Upton, Shaftesbury: Element, 1989, ill., maps,
bibliography. An excellent distillation of the essentials from Dee's original
Enochian material and other magical documents of the same period. Robin Cousins'
material on the geographic locations governed by the Parts of Liber Scientiae
is a unique resource.

Hyatt, Christopher S., Ph.D. The Enochian World of Aleister Crowley
(Enochian Sex Magic) Falcon Press, 1993 ISBN: 0-56184-029-7 Another
description of the Golden Dawn system, with additions and extensions from the
works of Aleister Crowley.

Crowley, Aleister. Liber LXXXIX vel Chanock, published in various
compilations of his short works. Crowley's brief description of the Golden Dawn
system of Enochian magick. He leaves out many essentials.

Crowley, Aleister. The Vision and the Voice, Sangreal Foundation,
1972, Dallas, TX. The magickal record of Crowley's explorations of the thirty
Aethyrs of Liber Scientiae. With an introduction by Israel Regardie and
extensive footnotes by Crowley.

Denning, Melita, and Phillips, Osborne. Mysteria Magica, Llewellyn
Publications, 1992, St. Paul, MN. Volume V. Describes the Aurum Solis system for
using the ministers of the 91 Parts of Liber Scientiae.

MacLean, Adam. A Treatise on Angel Magick, Phanes 1990. The Golden
Dawn relied almost exclusively on an eclectic mish-mash that was compiled almost
two centuries after Dee's death called A Treatise on Angel Magick. It was
this resource that cleared up Israel Regardie's confusion as to why Aleister
Crowley (who used the keys as a means of pathworking) made certain numerological
associations in his account of the experience. Transcript, in toto, of Harley
6482.

Schueler's first two "Enochian" works are hasty and unscholarly assemblages
of material from the Golden Dawn (mostly via Aleister Crowley's inadequate
presentation in Liber LXXXIX vel Chanock and from his The Vision and
the Voice), coupled with the products of Schueler's prolific imagination.
Robert Turner called the existence of these volumes "lamentable", and I agree
without reservation. These two books consist almost entirely of errors,
misconceptions, fabrications, and flummery; readers will be far better off going
to Schueler's sources than trying to extract anything useful from them.

His later books are almost entirely the products of his own imagination, and
so at least have the advantage of coming from a single source. Readers have had
widely varying opinions as to their usefulness. His Enochian Tarot is
worth purchasing for the artwork by Sallie Ann Glassman, regardless of one's
opinion of its design. Enochian Physics is distinguished by having the
lowest information content of any book its size published in this century. In
the chapters that are not adaptations from Aleister Crowley, the information
content approaches zero.

Tyson, Donald. Tetragrammaton: The Secret to Evoking the Angelic Powers
and the Key to the Apocalypse. 1995, Llewellyn Publications, St. Paul, MN.

Tyson combines the Enochian material with Fundamentalist apocalyptics and
Lovecraftian horror fiction, to paint a picture of the Angelic Calls as the
means by which the apocalypse will be brought about. In the process, he twists
facts to suit his thesis, selectively interprets the Calls, and blithely
dismisses contrary portions of the record as "not what was intended". Much of
his "analysis" of the Calls is in the style perfected by Kenneth Grant. That is,
grab any association that seems to support your idea, taking it out of context
as neccessary, and disregarding such minor things as anachronisms, logical non
sequiturs, etc.

Enochian magick gets a passing mention in many Web pages. A recent search of
Alta Vista produced over 500 site references, most of which turn out to be links
to the sites below, or brief mentions in other contexts. The sites listed are
all active as of May 17, 1997, and contain a significant amount of information
about Enochian magick.

http://www.dnai.com/~cholden -- The
John Dee Publication Project. Dee scholar Clay Holden is working
to produce electronic versions of all Dee's major works, using Adobe Acrobat to
preserve as much as possible of the original formatting. Currently the site
contains files of the first three of Dee's Mysteriorum Libri Quinti,
plus the Sigil of Ameth. Additional files will be posted as they are completed.
Great work, Clay!

http://www.hollyfeld.org/Esoteric/ -- The Hollyfeld site keeps an
archive of usenet magickal groups, and of the four occult email lists served
from their site, including the enochian-l list. Lots of good Enochian
information here, with a search engine to help tease it out.

http://w3.one.net/~browe/index.htm -- Ben Rowe's own web site, where
the most current version of this Reference can be found. Also has Christeos
Pir's excellent Essay on Enochian Pronunciation, Rowe's A Short
Course in Scrying, and whatever other new stuff he finds or writes.