The Reforms of Peter the Great - Essay Example

Name: October 17h 2012 Reforms of Peter the Great Peter the great was born on June 9, 1672 in Moscow and was the 14th child of Czar, he ascended to power jointly with his half-brother, Ivan, but since they were underage, they had Regent Sophia their sister who literally ran the country, as she wished through them…

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According to Thomas Riha, he was one of the few leaders in the empire who had “… the imagination and ability to offer outstanding personal leadership” (498). He instituted radical reforms in the country’s education military, local government and church by reorganizing his army in line with western standards, creating a navy secularizing the education sector as well and exercising greater control of the reactionary Orthodox Church compared to any of his predecessors. In summary, his foreign policy was aggressive considering that he, “...acquired territory in Estonia, Latvia and Finland and through several wars with Turkey in the south” (“Peter the Great biography”). This paper is an examination of the reforms made by Peter the great, their effects, and the significance they had on Russia. In an attempt to weaken the powers of the provincial government which he considered a threat, Peter allowed the towns to elect their own officials who would be charged with collection of revenue and simulation of trade, the real power behind the local government was Ratusha based in Moscow. In 1702, an elective board that replaced the old system of elected sheriffs governed towns, moreover, in 1724; he changed the system so that local governments could have a quasi-aristocracy of sorts where towns could be self-governed under guilds of elected well off citizens. Nonetheless, these reforms were considerably difficult to implement, practice since local property owners and the provincial governor had immense influence, and their hold on local affairs was extremely difficult to break. Provincial government was divided into eight Guberniia, which were headed by a Gubnator who had absolute power from within the guberniia that were divided into districts known as Uzeda, which by 1718 the increased by twelve in number. Peter considering the forty Provintsiia, in order to consolidate his power he ensured the Gubnators despite their local autonomy were directly answerable to him. In this case, there were forty departments to carry out his orders, however, since not all of them had predefined functions their duties would sometimes overspill into each other creating inefficiency and an allowance for corruption. Peter’s centralized government policy was evident in that “…each of the provinces was ruled by an appointed governor” (Riasanovsky and Steinberg 259). This meant that the governors exercised power at his pleasure, hence were fully loyal to him. Peter’s belief in absolutism ensured that the church would no longer retain its semiautonomous status, as he was interested in its control since it was a very wealth institution among other reasons. In addition, he wanted access to these funds, and although he had tried to modernize it, but it had refused to be changed and remained steadfast in its traditional ways. Furthermore, the church had substantial amounts of land, many serfs and other “properties”; consequently, Peter was uncomfortable because it appeared in a way the church was rivaling him. In order to control the church, Peter refused to appoint a leader of the church after Partricah Aldrich died and gradually took over the church integrating it into the state. In the year 1701, it was placed under a government department known as Monastyrskii Prikaz, and they paid the monks
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Peter’s reforms were intended for to strengthen his state by giving it effectual administration, developing Russia’s natural resources, maintaining her armed forces and by creating new industries. Needless to say such policy did not make people’s life easier yet added to their burdens.

During the tenure of the Labour Party from 1997-2010, many constitutional reforms were introduced in UK. One criticism that has been bought against the Labour party’s reform agenda is that it was not well-synchronized and there were no definite set of guiding principles behind it but it is already clear, going by the impact of this change over the last decade that the British democracy has changed for good.

Healthcare reforms are a broad term used to refer to major alterations/modifications to an already existing health policy or complete introduction of a new healthcare plan altogether (Kronenfeld & Kronenfeld, 2004). The reforms are usually a governmental policy and considerably rework the way health care services are delivered.Reforms endeavor to increase the number of citizens that getvarious health care services through insurance policies from both public and private companies; to diversify the variety of health care providers citizens may pickfrom; to increase the availability of various health care specialists; to better the overall healthcare quality; to increase the number of healthcar

In 2006, the subsistence level of an American family with four members was $20,614, and, at that time, about “one in eight” of the American population lived below the projected subsistence level (Billitteri, 2007, p. 723). Billitteri (2007) added that this is because of the “Great Recession,” which takes its toll on single parent families, children, and middle level families.

Catherine the Great in Russian History
“Catherine the Great's rein in roughly the lat third of the [18th] Century witnessed a remarkable growth and intensification of Russian Cultural life” (Riasanovsky 284). Catherine was the most effective potentate who ruled after Peter the Great.

He further tried to revive Soviet Union by creating new arenas and political bases and coalition with the political parties advocating for reforms. His intentions were to improve the political arena and to resolve the great economic problem that had put the state in stagnation for a long period of time.

Moreover, he always encouraged his army men to learn from other cultures and bring the useful knowledge back home. He himself demonstrated this trait by participating in events from other cultures and acquiring their skills. He also made Russia victorious on the fields of many battles.

red a watershed in Europe’s history, questioning in the light of philosophical reason “everything, no matter how fundamental or deeply rooted” (Israel 3).
Russia, which had been ruled by the Romanov dynasty since 1613, was considerably modernized by the grandson of Tsar

Throughout his reign, Peter the Great's ambitious westernizing reformation of the Russian military and industry transformed Russian into a strong and well respected European power at the expense of the countries laboring serfs.

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