The Global Economy: A World Of Acronyms

Shoppers gaze at a jewelry store display window in the Turkish capital Ankara on Feb. 19. Some economists have coined the term MINT to include the up-and-coming emerging markets of Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey. But Turkey has been hit by street protests, and others in the group have had their share of recent turbulence.

Indonesian workers at a construction site in the capital Jakarta on Nov. 25. Indonesia has the largest economy in southeast Asia and has generally had strong growth in recent years.

Adi Weda
/ EPA/Landov

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Originally published on May 13, 2014 9:42 am

The world of finance gave birth in 2001 to a new buzzword: BRIC.The wordis an acronym for Brazil, Russia, India and China. Jim O'Neill, an economist with Goldman Sachs who's been credited with coining the term, saw those four countries as turbo-charged engines among emerging markets, ones that would give Western economies a run for their money.

O'Neill says when he dreamed up the acronym 13 years ago, people didn't really focus on the potential importance of some of these countries.

"It sort of transformed ... the way, I think, many people thought about the world," he says now.

For a stretch, the fast-growing BRIC economies lived up to the hype. The four countries formed their own economic and political alliance. In 2010, South Africa joined the group.

But O'Neill considered it an interloper, saying South Africa isn't at the same level as the others. The four original BRIC countries were his babies, but like many children, they can disappoint.

"China is the only one of the four that's growing by more than I ever assumed; the other three so far this decade have been disappointing," says O'Neill, particularly Brazil and Russia. "I have joked that if I had to dream the acronym up again today, I'd just call it 'C,' " he says.

While the BRIC engines may be misfiring, other economies have been gaining speed. O'Neill has now come up with a new group of promising emerging markets.

He's coined them M-I-N-T.

"It stands for Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey," he says.

Plenty Of Other Contenders

Not so fast, says Oliver Williams, an analyst for WealthInsight. He says there are many other emerging markets, and analysts are also weighing in with their choices.

"I think anyone wanting their fame in economics has come up with a grouping," he says.

There are the EAGLEs, which stands for Emerging and Growth Leading Economies and includes Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, South Korea, Mexico, Russia, Taiwan and Turkey.

With the exception of MIKT (Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea and Turkey), the acronyms roll off the tongue, and incorporate emerging markets from all corners of the globe, says Williams.

Williams says he might start working on his own grouping, focusing on markets in Africa, particularly East Africa.

"You've got Kenya, you've got Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda," he says, which would give him KETU. However, they could be rearranged to come up with the catchier K-U-T-E.

Not An Investment Strategy

Andrew Feltus, a portfolio manager at Pioneer Investments, says many emerging markets bear strong similarities that include good fiscal policies and dynamic demographics.

But there are also differences in terms of how developed the countries are. Feltus says lumping four or five together under an acronym and forgetting the rest is an oversimplification.

"I'm kind of cynical on the whole idea. I think it's much more a marketing exercise than necessarily a true investment strategy," he says.

Then there are the so-called black swans — developments such as terrorism, sanctions, natural disasters, even elections, that can alter a country's fortunes.

Feltus points to Turkey, the final letter in the acronym MINT. It is a fast-growing economy, but the government has been battling corruption allegations and widespread street protests. Feltus says he would rework MINT.

"I don't even know if I would include the 'T' in it," he says. "Actually, that's going to be MINI," meaning Mexico, India Nigeria and Indonesia. But Feltus says he does not recommend that anyone build a strategy based on MINI or any other acronym.

However, O'Neill, the man behind BRIC, is sticking with MINT — even though he says people contact him all the time with suggestions.

"I don't need to make up any more acronyms myself; I can just have the world doing it for me," he adds.

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The world of finance has a favorite acronym to describe four very different countries with one big thing in common. They have most dynamic engines of growth among the world's emerging markets; BRIC, it stands for Brazil, Russia, India and China. But now those engines are misfiring and other economies are on the rise, leaving many to wonder what countries will form the next emerging group and what acronym it might have.

NPR's Jackie Northam reports.

JACKIE NORTHAM, BYLINE: It's Jim O'Neill, an economist with Goldman Sachs, who's been credited with coining the term BRIC. Speaking on Skype from his home in London, O'Neill says he saw Brazil, Russia, India and China as four turbocharged emerging markets that would give Western economies a run for their money.

JIM O'NEILL: When I dreamt it up - what is it now - nearly 13 years ago, people didn't really focus on the potential importance of some of these countries. And it sort of transformed a lot, the way I think many people thought about the world.

NORTHAM: For a long time, the fast-growing BRIC economies lived up to the hype. The four countries formed their own economic and political alliance. In 2010, South Africa joined the group. But O'Neill considered it an interloper, saying South Africa isn't the same caliber as the others. The four original BRICs were his babies but like most children, they'll disappoint.

O'NEILL: China is the only one of the four that's growing by more than I have assumed. The other three so far this decade have been disappointing, particularly Brazil and Russia. And I have joked that if I had to dream the acronym up again today, I'd just call it C.

NORTHAM: Undaunted, O'Neill has now come up with a new group of promising emerging markets. He's coined them M-I-N-T or MINT.

O'NEILL: It stands for Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey.

NORTHAM: Not so fast, says Oliver Williams, an analyst for WealthInsight. He says there are many emerging markets and analysts are also weighing in with their choices.

OLIVER WILLIAMS: I think anyone wanting their fame in economics has come up with a grouping. I mean I've heard MIST. There's one at the moment, the Fragile Five, which Indonesia, South Africa, Brazil, Turkey and India that some optimists have renamed them the Fabulous Five.

NORTHAM: There's also PINEs and CIVETs and EAGLEs, all acronyms that roll off the tongue and incorporate emerging markets from all corners of the globe, says Williams.

Would you be tempted to come up with your own grouping?

(LAUGHTER)

WILLIAMS: Actually, now that you mention it, I might start working on it.

NORTHAM: Andrew Feltus, a portfolio manager at Pioneer Investments, says many emerging markets bear strong similarities: good fiscal policies and dynamic demographic. Feltus says lumping four or five together under an acronym and forgetting the rest is an oversimplification.

ANDREW FELTUS: I'm kind of cynical on the whole idea. I think it's much more from marketing exercise than necessarily a true investment strategy.

NORTHAM: And then there are the so-called Black Swans - events such as terrorism, sanctions, natural disasters, even elections that can alter a country's fortunes. Feltus points to Turkey, the final letter in the acronym MINT. It is a fast-growing economy but Turkey's government has been mired in corruption allegations, and there have been widespread street protests. Feltus says he would rework the acronym MINT.

FELTUS: And I don't even know if I would include the T in it, 'cause I - you know, maybe I guess MIN. Actually that's going to be, it's going to be MINI, right? We'll have Mexico, India, Nigeria and Indonesia. But, you know, I would not recommend anyone build a strategy based on MINI, or any of this.

NORTHAM: But O'Neill, the man behind BRIC, is sticking with MINT even though he says people contact him all the time with suggestions.

O'NEILL: I don't need to make up any more acronyms myself. I just can have the world doing it for me.