Long polypeptides (gt100) bound to 1 or more carbohydrate (CHO) groups.

__________________.

3Hormone receptorsCells of target organ have specific receptors for hormones. Hormone binds to receptor and stimulates a specific cellular response - protein peptide hormones - receptor is in ____________________ - steroid hormones - receptor is in ________ - prostaglandin hormones - receptor is in _______________________1.___________of receptors on or in cell regulate degree of cell stimulation and cellular response to the hormone 2. ______________ can regulate whether there is a increase or decrease in the number of receptorsLack of _____________ receptor in male - Testicular Feminization 4Hormone Transport

In males development seminiferous tubules maintenance of spermatogenesis

Deficiency delayed _______ or amenorrhea

Excess precocious puberty (less than 8 yrs old in humans less than 10 in males)

35Hypothalamus-Anterior Pituitary interrelationship

________________ portal system caries hypothalamic hormones specifically to the anterior pituitary without dilution in the systemic blood.

1. Allows rapid response

2. Little dilution of peptide hormones

3. Peptide hormones have short 1/2 life

Specific hypothalamic nuclei secrete releasing or release

inhibiting factors that control release of pituitary hormones.

36Hypothalamic Control of Posterior Pituitary

Hypothalamus neuron cell bodies produce

ADH supraoptic nuclei.

Oxytocin paraventricular nuclei.

Transported along the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract.

Stored in posterior pituitary.

Release controlled by neuroendocrine reflexes.

37Hypothalamic Control of the Anterior Pituitary

Hormonal control rather than neural.

Hypothalamus neurons synthesize releasing and inhibiting hormones.

Hormones are transported to axon endings of median eminence.

Hormones secreted into the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system regulate the secretions of the anterior pituitary

38Question

Does the posterior pituitary produce any hormones?

NO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

39Mechanism of Thyroid Hormone Action

Thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine) T4

Travels attached to ____________ (thyroxine-binding globulin)

Small amount of __________

Carrier proteins have a ___________affinity for T4

Free T3 is what is physiologically active

So, why do we have T4???

T4 passes into cytoplasm and is converted to T3.

Receptor proteins located in nucleus.

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