Summary

When medical researchers Barry Marshall and Robin Warren discovered that ulcers were caused by bacteria, the medical field did not rejoice – they didn’t believe them. The researchers were young and lack experience and therefore credibility. The fact that they were from Perth, Australia, also diminished their credibility to the elitists in the medical research field. Researchers and physicians snickered when Marshall and Warren presented their findings at seminars.

Marshall grew tired of the rejection and ingested the bacteria they had isolated as the cause of the ulcer. He developed an ulcer and cured it with antibiotics. Still this wasn’t enough evidence for most experts. Ten years after their discovery, research revealed that their finding was accurate. They won the Nobel Prize in medicine in 2005.

People typically believe those who they trust – parents, family, friends – and believe what they’ve learned from...