Chemical Sciences: A Manual for CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test for Lectureship and JRF/Ambient ionization

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Ambient ionization is a form of ionization in which ions are formed outside the mass spectrometer without sample preparation or separation.[1]

Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) uses an electrospray source to create charged droplets that are directed at a solid sample. The charged droplets pick up the sample through interaction with the surface and then form highly charged ions that can be sampled into a mass spectrometer.[3]

Desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI) enables direct analysis of samples deposited on surfaces by means of a jet of hot solvent vapour and ultraviolet light. The hot jet thermally desorbs the sample from a surface and the vaporized sample is ionized by a vacuum ultraviolet light and consequently sampled into a mass spectrometer. [4]

Electrospray-assisted laser desorption/ionization (ELDI) relies on a laser to the desorption of material into the electrospray plume.[5] With matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (MALDESI), a nitrogen laser is used to desorb material into the electrospray.[6] MALDESI has been used with MALDI matrix materials. Laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) uses an infrared laser for ablation of the sample material.[7] The term laser spray ionization has been used to describe transmission mode laser ablation coupled with electrospray ionization.[8]