BRUGSCH, Heinrich Karl, German
Egyptologist: b. Berlin, 18 Feb. 1827; d. Charlottenburg,
9 Sept. 1894. A work entitled ‘Scriptura
Ægyptiorum Demotica,’ published in 1848,
gained him the favor of Alexander von
Humboldt and Frederick William IV, the latter of
whom enabled him to complete his studies by
visiting the museums of Paris, London, Turin
and Leyden. In 1853 he made his first visit to
Egypt and assisted Mariette in his researches,
being appointed on his return in the following
year assistant in the Berlin Egyptian Museum.
He accompanied the Prussian embassy to Persia
in 1860, and four years later became consul
at Cairo. Returning in 1868, he was appointed
to the chair of Egyptology at Göttingen, but
soon resigned in order to take charge of the
Cairo school of Egyptology. He was soon
raised to the rank of bey, and some time afterward
to that of pasha. In 1876 he came to the
United States as Egyptian commissioner to the
Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. In 1883
he traveled in Egypt, Syria, Greece and Italy,
with Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia, and
in 1885-86 he twice visited Persia, partly on
official business. He was again in Egypt in
1891, and in the following year he made a journey
to the Libyan Desert. Brugsch's chief work
is the ‘Hieroglyphisch-demotisches Wörterbuch’
(1867-82). His other writings include
‘Reiseberichte aus Ägypten’ (1855); ‘Grammaire
Demotique’ (1855); ‘Monuments de l'Egypte’
(1857); ‘Geographische Inschriften altägyptischer
Denkmäler’ (1857-60); ‘Histoire d'Egypte’
(1859); ‘Recueil des Monuments Egyptiens’
(1862-85); ‘Reise der königlich Preussischer
Gesandtschaft nach Persien’ (1862-63);
‘Hieroglyphische Grammatik’ (1872); ‘Geschichte
Ägyptens unter den Pharaonen’ (1877);
‘Dictionaire Géographique de l'ancienne Egypte’
(1877-80); ‘Religion und Mythologie der alten
Ägypter, nach den Denkmälern’ (1888);
‘Thesaurus Inscriptionum Ægyptiacarum’ (1883-91);
‘Die Ägyptologie’ (1890); ‘Aus dem
Morgenlande, Altes und Neues’ (1893), etc.
His ‘History of Egypt from the Monuments’
has appeared in English. In 1894 his autobiography
appeared under the title ‘Mein Leben
und Wandern.’