As a public figure, Pitt has been cited as one of the most influential and powerful people in the American entertainment industry, for a number of years, he was cited as the world's most attractive man by various media outlets, and his personal life is the subject of wide publicity. Divorced from actress Jennifer Aniston after five years of marriage, he married actress Angelina Jolie in 2014, they have six children together, three of whom were adopted internationally. In 2016, Jolie filed for a divorce from Pitt, which is currently pending.[1]

Early life

William Bradley Pitt was born in Shawnee, Oklahoma, to William Alvin Pitt, who ran a trucking company, and Jane Etta (née Hillhouse), a school counsellor,[2][3] the family soon moved to Springfield, Missouri, where he lived together with his younger siblings, Douglas (born 1966) and Julie Neal (born 1969).[4] Born into a conservative household,[5] he was raised as Southern Baptist, but has since stated that he does not "have a great relationship with religion" and that he "oscillate[s] between agnosticism and atheism."[6] Pitt has described Springfield as "Mark Twain country, Jesse James country", having grown up with "a lot of hills, a lot of lakes".[7]

Pitt attended Kickapoo High School, where he was a member of the golf, swimming and tennis teams,[8] he participated in the school's Key and Forensics clubs, in school debates, and in musicals.[9] Following his graduation from high school, Pitt enrolled in the University of Missouri in 1982, majoring in journalism with a focus on advertising,[9] as graduation approached, Pitt did not feel ready to settle down. He loved films—"a portal into different worlds for me"—and, since films were not made in Missouri, he decided to go to where they were made.[10][11] Two weeks before earning his degree, Pitt left the university and moved to Los Angeles, where he took acting lessons and worked odd jobs.[10]

Pitt was cast as Billy Canton, a drug addict who takes advantage of a young runaway (played by Juliette Lewis) in the 1990 NBC television movie Too Young to Die?, the story of an abused teenager sentenced to death for a murder.[19] Ken Tucker, television reviewer for Entertainment Weekly wrote: "Pitt is a magnificent slimeball as her hoody boyfriend; looking and sounding like a malevolent John Cougar Mellencamp, he's really scary."[19] The same year, Pitt co-starred in six episodes of the short-lived Fox drama Glory Days and took a supporting role in the HBO television film The Image,[20] his next appearance came in the 1991 film Across the Tracks; Pitt portrayed Joe Maloney, a high school runner with a criminal brother, played by Rick Schroder.[21]

After years of supporting roles in film and frequent television guest appearances, Pitt attracted wider recognition in his supporting role in Ridley Scott's 1991 road film Thelma & Louise.[20] He played J.D., a small-time criminal who befriends Thelma (Geena Davis). His love scene with Davis has been cited as the event that defined Pitt as a sex symbol,[15][22] after Thelma & Louise, Pitt starred in the 1991 film Johnny Suede, a low-budget picture about an aspiring rock star,[23] and the 1992 live-action/animated fantasy film Cool World,[15] although neither furthered his career, having poor reviews and box office performance.[24][25]

Pitt took the role of Paul Maclean in the 1992 biographical film A River Runs Through It, directed by Robert Redford,[26] his portrayal of the character was described by People's Janet Mock as a career-making performance,[27] proving that Pitt could be more than a "cowboy-hatted hunk."[28] He has admitted to feeling under pressure when making the film[4] and thought it one of his "weakest performances ... It's so weird that it ended up being the one that I got the most attention for."[4] Pitt believed that he benefited from working with such a talented cast and crew, he compared working with Redford to playing tennis with a superior player, saying "when you play with somebody better than you, your game gets better."[27][28]

In 1993, Pitt reunited with Juliette Lewis for the road film Kalifornia, he played Early Grayce, a serial killer and the boyfriend of Lewis's character in a performance described by Peter Travers of Rolling Stone as "outstanding, all boyish charm and then a snort that exudes pure menace."[29] Pitt also garnered attention for a brief appearance in the cult hit True Romance as a stoner named Floyd, providing much needed comic relief to the action film,[30] he capped the year by winning a ShoWest Award for Male Star of Tomorrow.[31]

Following the release of Interview with the Vampire, Pitt starred in Legends of the Fall (1994),[35] based on a novel by the same name by Jim Harrison, set in the American West during the first four decades of the twentieth century. Portraying Tristan Ludlow, son of Colonel William Ludlow (Anthony Hopkins) a Cornish immigrant,[36] Pitt received his first Golden Globe Award nomination, in the Best Actor category.[37]Aidan Quinn and Henry Thomas co-starred as Pitt's brothers. Although the film's reception was mixed,[38] many film critics praised Pitt's performance. Janet Maslin of The New York Times said, "Pitt's diffident mix of acting and attitude works to such heartthrob perfection it's a shame the film's superficiality gets in his way."[39] The Deseret News predicted that Legends of the Fall would solidify Pitt's reputation as a lead actor.[40]

In 1995, Pitt starred alongside Morgan Freeman and Gwyneth Paltrow in the crime thriller Seven, playing a detective on the trail of a serial killer.[41] Pitt called it a great movie and declared the part would expand his acting horizons,[42] he expressed his intent to move on from "this 'pretty boy' thing ... and play someone with flaws."[43] His performance was critically well received, with Variety saying that it was screen acting at its best, further remarking on Pitt's ability to turn in a "determined, energetic, creditable job" as the detective.[44]Seven earned $327 million at the international box office.[24]

Following the success of Seven, Pitt took a supporting role as Jeffrey Goines in Terry Gilliam's 1995 science-fiction film 12 Monkeys, the movie received predominantly positive reviews, with Pitt praised in particular. Janet Maslin of the New York Times called Twelve Monkeys "fierce and disturbing" and remarked on Pitt's "startlingly frenzied performance", concluding that he "electrifies Jeffrey with a weird magnetism that becomes important later in the film."[45] He won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film[37] and received his first Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.[46]

The following year he had a role in the legal drama Sleepers (1996), based on Lorenzo Carcaterra's novel of the same name,[47] the film received mixed reviews.[48] In the 1997 film The Devil's Own Pitt starred, opposite Harrison Ford, as the Irish Republican Army terrorist Rory Devany,[49] a role for which he was required to learn an Irish accent.[50] Critical opinion was divided on his accent; "Pitt finds the right tone of moral ambiguity, but at times his Irish brogue is too convincing – it's hard to understand what he's saying", wrote the San Francisco Chronicle.[51]The Charleston Gazette opined that it had favored Pitt's accent over the movie.[52]The Devil's Own grossed $140 million worldwide,[24] but was a critical failure. Later that year he led as Austrian mountaineer Heinrich Harrer in the Jean-Jacques Annaud film Seven Years in Tibet.[53] Pitt trained for months for the role, which demanded significant mountain climbing and trekking practice, including rock climbing in California and the European Alps with his co-star David Thewlis,[54] the film received mostly negative reviews, and was generally considered a disappointment.[55]

Pitt had the lead role in 1998's fantasy romance film Meet Joe Black, he portrayed a personification of death inhabiting the body of a young man to learn what it is like to be human.[56] The film received mixed reviews, and many were critical of Pitt's performance. According to Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle, Pitt was unable to "make an audience believe that he knows all the mysteries of death and eternity."[57]Roger Ebert stated "Pitt is a fine actor, but this performance is a miscalculation."[58]

1999–2003

In 1999, Pitt portrayed Tyler Durden in Fight Club,[59][60] a film adaptation of Chuck Palahniuk's novel of the same name, directed by David Fincher.[61] Pitt prepared for the part with lessons in boxing, taekwondo, and grappling.[62] To look the part, Pitt consented to the removal of pieces of his front teeth which were restored when filming ended.[63] While promoting Fight Club, Pitt said that the film explored not taking one's aggressions out on someone else but to "have an experience, take a punch more and see how you come out on the other end."[64]Fight Club premiered at the 1999 Venice International Film Festival.[65] Despite divided critical opinion on the film as a whole,[66][67] Pitt's performance was widely praised. Paul Clinton of CNN noted the risky yet successful nature of the film,[68] while Variety remarked upon Pitt's ability to be "cool, charismatic and more dynamically physical, perhaps than ... his breakthrough role in Thelma and Louise".[69] In spite of a worse-than-expected box office performance, Fight Club became a cult classic after its DVD release in 2000.[70]

Pitt in December 2001

Following Fight Club, Pitt was cast as an Irish Gypsy boxer with a barely intelligible accent in Guy Ritchie's 2000 gangster film Snatch.[71] Several reviewers were critical of Snatch; however, most praised Pitt.[72] Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle said Pitt was "ideally cast as an Irishman whose accent is so thick even Brits can't understand him", going on to say that, before Snatch, Pitt had been "shackled by roles that called for brooding introspection, but recently he has found his calling in black comic outrageousness and flashy extroversion;"[73] while Amy Taubin of The Village Voice claimed that "Pitt gets maximum comic mileage out of a one-joke role".[74]

In 2005, Pitt starred in the Doug Liman-directed action comedy Mr. & Mrs. Smith, in which a bored married couple discover that each is an assassin sent to kill the other. The feature received reasonable reviews but was generally lauded for the chemistry between Pitt and Angelina Jolie, who played his character's wife Jane Smith, the Star Tribune noted that "while the story feels haphazard, the movie gets by on gregarious charm, galloping energy and the stars' thermonuclear screen chemistry."[92]Mr. & Mrs. Smith earned $478 million worldwide, making it one of the biggest hits of 2005.[93]

In 2015, Pitt starred opposite his wife, Jolie, in her third directorial effort, By the Sea, a romantic drama about a marriage in crisis, based on her screenplay, the film was their first collaboration since 2005's Mr. & Mrs. Smith. Pitt's next role came with the biographical comedy-drama The Big Short, which he also produced. The film was a commercial and critical success, it went on to gross over $102 million worldwide[132] and received positive reviews from critics.[133][134] The film was nominated for five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, earning Pitt his third Academy Award nomination as producer; in 2016, Pitt starred in Robert Zemeckis's romantic thriller Allied, in which he plays a spy assassin who falls in love with a French spy (played by Marion Cotillard) during a mission to kill a German official in World War II.[135][136] Later he starred in the Netflix satirical comedy War Machine.[137]

In 2016 it was announced that Pitt will star in the upcoming sequel to World War Z,[138] with official release date set as June 9, 2017.[139] However, in early 2017, the release date was announced to be indefinitely delayed;[140] in June, David Fincher is confirmed to direct the World War Z sequel,[141] marking Pitt and Fincher's fourth collaboration. Next, Pitt will star in James Gray's deep space epic Ad Astra, in which he will play the slightly autistic space engineer Roy McBride who searches across the galaxy for his father, played by Tommy Lee Jones.[142]

Pitt at the "Global Summit to End Sexual Violence in Conflict", June 2014

Pitt supports the ONE Campaign, an organization aimed at combating AIDS and poverty in the developing world,[147][148] he narrated the 2005 PBS public television series Rx for Survival: A Global Health Challenge, which discusses current global health issues.[149] The following year Pitt and Jolie flew to Haiti, where they visited a school supported by Yéle Haïti, a charity founded by Haitian-born hip hop musician Wyclef Jean;[150] in May 2007, Pitt and Jolie donated $1 million to three organizations in Chad and Sudan dedicated to those affected by the crisis in the Darfur region.[151] Along with Clooney, Damon, Don Cheadle, David Pressman, and Jerry Weintraub, Pitt is one of the founders of Not On Our Watch, an organization that focuses global attention on stopping "mass atrocities".[152]

Pitt has a sustained interest in architecture,[153] even taking time away from film to study computer-aided design at the Los Angeles offices of renowned architect Frank Gehry,[154] he narrated Design e2, a PBS television series focused on worldwide efforts to build environmentally friendly structures through sustainable architecture and design.[155] He founded the Make It Right Foundation in 2006, organizing housing professionals in New Orleans to finance and construct 150 sustainable, affordable new houses in New Orleans's Ninth Ward following the devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina.[156][157] The project involves 13 architectural firms and the environmental organization Global Green USA, with several of the firms donating their services.[158][159] Pitt and philanthropist Steve Bing have each committed $5 million in donations.[160] The first six homes were completed in October 2008,[161] and in September 2009 Pitt received an award in recognition of the project from the U.S. Green Building Council, a non-profit trade organization that promotes sustainability in how buildings are designed, built and operated.[162][163] Pitt met with U.S. President Barack Obama and Speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi in March 2009 to promote his concept of green housing as a national model and to discuss federal funding possibilities.[164]

In September 2006, Pitt and Jolie established a charitable organization, the Jolie-Pitt Foundation, to aid humanitarian causes around the world,[165] the foundation made initial donations of $1 million each to Global Action for Children and Doctors Without Borders,[166] followed by an October 2006 donation of $100,000 to the Daniel Pearl Foundation, an organization created in memory of the late American journalist Daniel Pearl.[167] According to federal filings, Pitt and Jolie invested $8.5 million into the foundation in 2006; it gave away $2.4 million in 2006[168] and $3.4 million in 2007.[169] In June 2009 the Jolie-Pitt Foundation donated $1 million to a U.N. refugee agency to help Pakistanis displaced by fighting between troops and Taliban militants.[170] In January 2010 the foundation donated $1 million to Doctors Without Borders for emergency medical assistance to help victims of the Haiti earthquake.[171][172]

Pitt met Friends actress Jennifer Aniston in 1998 and married her in a private wedding ceremony in Malibu on July 29, 2000.[179] In January 2005, Pitt and Aniston announced they had decided to separate. Two months later, Aniston filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences.[180] Pitt and Aniston's divorce was finalized by the Los Angeles Superior Court on October 2, 2005,[180] despite media reports that Pitt and Aniston had an acrimonious relationship, Pitt said in a February 2009 interview that he and Aniston "check in with each other", adding that they were both big parts of each other's lives.[181]

During Pitt's divorce proceedings, his involvement with his Mr. & Mrs. Smith co-star Angelina Jolie attracted media attention. Jolie stated that there was no infidelity,[182] and Pitt and Jolie stated that they "fell in love" on the set;[182][183] in April 2005, one month after Aniston filed for divorce, a set of paparazzi photographs emerged showing Pitt, Jolie and her son Maddox at a beach in Kenya; the press interpreted the pictures as evidence of a relationship between Pitt and Jolie. During 2005, the two were seen together with increasing frequency, and the entertainment media dubbed the couple "Brangelina",[184] on January 11, 2006, Jolie confirmed to People that she was pregnant with Pitt's child, thereby publicly acknowledging their relationship for the first time. Pitt and Jolie announced their engagement in April 2012 after seven years together,[185] they were married on August 23, 2014, in a private ceremony in Château Miraval, France.[186] On September 19, 2016, Jolie filed for divorce from Pitt, citing irreconcilable differences.[1]

Children

Children

Maddox Chivan Jolie-Pitt

born (2001-08-05) August 5, 2001 (age 16), in Cambodia;
adopted March 10, 2002 by Jolie;
adopted early 2006 by Pitt

In July 2005, Pitt accompanied Jolie to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where she adopted her second child, Zahara Marley,[187][188] on December 3, 2005, Pitt was in the process of becoming the adoptive father of both children;[189] on January 19, 2006, a California judge granted Jolie's request to change the children's surnames from "Jolie" to "Jolie-Pitt".[190] The adoptions were finalized soon after.[191]

Jolie gave birth to daughter Shiloh Nouvel in Swakopmund, Namibia, on May 27, 2006. Pitt confirmed that their newborn daughter would have a Namibian passport,[192] the couple sold the first pictures of Shiloh through the distributor Getty Images; the North American rights were purchased by People for over $4.1 million, while Hello! obtained the British rights for approximately $3.5 million. The proceeds from the sale were donated to charities serving African children.[193]Madame Tussauds in New York unveiled a wax figure of two-month-old Shiloh; it marked the first time an infant was recreated in wax by Madame Tussauds.[194]

On March 15, 2007, Jolie adopted three-year-old Pax Thien from an orphanage in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.[195] Pitt adopted Pax in the United States on February 21, 2008.[196]

In the media

Pitt's perceived sex appeal has been picked up by many sources, including Empire, who named him one of the 25 sexiest stars in film history in 1995.[9][202][203] The same year, Pitt won People's Sexiest Man Alive, an accolade he won again in 2000.[202][204] Pitt appeared on Forbes's annual Celebrity 100 list of the 100 most powerful celebrities in 2006, 2007, and 2008, at No. 20, No. 5, and No. 10 respectively.[205][206][207] In 2007, he was listed among the Time 100, a compilation of the 100 most influential people in the world, as selected annually by TIME,[208] the magazine credited Pitt with using "his star power to get people to look [to where] cameras don't usually catch".[208] Pitt was again included in the Time 100 in 2009, this time in the Builders and Titans list.[209]

Starting in 2005, Pitt's relationship with Angelina Jolie became one of the most reported celebrity stories worldwide, after confirming that Jolie was pregnant in early 2006, the significant media hype surrounding the couple reached what Reuters, in a story titled "The Brangelina fever," called "the point of insanity".[210] To avoid media attention, the couple flew to Namibia for the birth of their daughter Shiloh, which was described by a paparazzi blog as "the most anticipated baby since Jesus Christ."[211] Similarly, intense media interest greeted the announcement two years later of Jolie's second pregnancy; for the two weeks Jolie spent in a seaside hospital in Nice, reporters and photographers camped outside on the promenade to report on the birth.[212]

^"Big Lenders". RedEye (Chicago Tribune). May 11, 2007. p. 72. Refugee camps in Darfur and neighboring Chad are receiving a big dose of help from Bradgelina. Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt are donating $1 million to humanitarian efforts there through their Jolie-Pitt Foundation ... The money ... will go to three organizations that help millions of displaced refugees in and around Darfur.

^"Does Jolie lead Hollywood by example?". Access Hollywood. MSNBC. July 17, 2006. Retrieved November 14, 2008. Brad Pitt—whose most recent cause has been close to home and heart—working with Global Green USA ... on a competition to choose ecologically sound designs for rebuilding neighborhoods in post-Katrina New Orleans.

^Robin Pogrebin (December 3, 2007). "Brad Pitt Commissions Designs for New Orleans". The New York Times. Retrieved November 14, 2008. Mr. Pitt pledged to match $5 million in contributions to the project, as did Steve Bing, the philanthropist.

^Tauber, Michelle; Wulff, Jennifer (July 18, 2005). "Angelina Adopts a Girl: And Baby Makes Three". People. 64 (3). Retrieved January 8, 2015. As of July 6, the actress and United Nations activist was expected to have officially signed papers and obtained a passport stamp for a relatively newborn Ethiopian girl...

Brad Pitt (boxer)
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Bradley Michael Brad Pitt, also known as Hollywood, is an Australian boxer best known for winning the Heavyweight Gold at the 2006 Commonwealth Games and for qualifying for the 2008 Olympics. Because of his famous namesake, Brad Pitt is nicknamed Hollywood and he quit his job as a painter in order to train for the 2000 Sydney Olympics, but did not

1.
Brad Pitt v Rasheed Baloch

Fury (2014 film)
–
Fury is a 2014 American war film written and directed by David Ayer. The film stars Brad Pitt, Shia LaBeouf, Logan Lerman, Michael Peña, Jon Bernthal, the film portrays US tank crews in Nazi Germany during the final days of World War II. Ayer aimed for a degree of realism in the film than in other World War II dramas. Production began in early Sept

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Theatrical release poster

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Tiger 131 – the only operating Tiger I tank in the world – was lent by The Tank Museum for the film. It is the first time a genuine Tiger I tank was used in a contemporary war film since 1946; 131 was restored to running condition between 1990 and 2003, further work was only completed in 2012

3.
The Tank Museum's M4A3E8 Sherman in 2009, the tank which portrayed Fury in the film.

4.
The Schachtellaufwerk wheel arrangement on a Tiger I, which is identical to Tiger 131 as used for the movie.

Washington, D.C.
–
Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any

Shawnee, Oklahoma
–
Shawnee is a city in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 31,543 in 2014, a 4.9 percent increase from 28,692 at the 2000 census. The city is part of the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area, it is also the county seat of Pottawatomie County, with access to Interstate 40, Shawnee is about 45 minutes east of the

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Pottawatomie County Courthouse

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Photo of the Santa Fe Depot in downtown Shawnee

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The Heart of Oklahoma Exposition Center's main pavilion

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International Finals Youth Rodeo in Shawnee, Oklahoma

Brad Pitt filmography
–
Brad Pitt is an American actor and film producer, whose acting career began in 1987 with uncredited roles in the films No Way Out and Less Than Zero. He subsequently appeared in episodes for shows during the late 1980s. He gained recognition in Thelma & Louise and A River Runs Through It, Pitt featured in the David Fincher-directed, commercially su

Springfield, Missouri
–
Springfield is the third largest city in the state of Missouri and the county seat of Greene County. According to the 2010 census data, the population was 159,498, as of 2015, the population is 166,810. Springfields nickname is the Queen City of the Ozarks and is known as the Birthplace of Route 66 and it is also home of several universities includ

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Park Central Square in Downtown Springfield

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Satellite view of Springfield

3.
Lightning over downtown Springfield

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Jordan Valley Park

Jennifer Aniston
–
Jennifer Joanna Aniston is an American actress, producer, and businesswoman. She is the daughter of Greek-born actor John Aniston and American actress Nancy Dow, the character was widely popular during the airing of the series and was later recognized as one of the 100 greatest female characters in United States television. Aniston has played the f

Angelina Jolie
–
Angelina Jolie Pitt, DCMG is an American actress, filmmaker, and humanitarian. She has received an Academy Award, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and three Golden Globe Awards, and has cited as Hollywoods highest-paid actress. Jolie made her debut as a child alongside her father, Jon Voight. Her film career began in earnest a decade later with the

1.
Jolie at the Global Summit to End Sexual Violence in Conflict in June 2014

Academy Award
–
The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first

Plan B Entertainment
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Plan B Entertainment Inc. more commonly known as Plan B, is an American film production company founded in November 2001 by Brad Pitt, Brad Grey, and Jennifer Aniston. In 2005, after Pitt and Aniston divorced, and Grey became the CEO of Paramount Pictures and it currently holds a release deal with Paramount Pictures, along with Warner Bros. 20th Ce

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Plan B Entertainment Inc.

A River Runs Through It (film)
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A River Runs Through It is a 1992 American drama film directed by Robert Redford and starring Craig Sheffer, Brad Pitt, Tom Skerritt, Brenda Blethyn, and Emily Lloyd. It is a drama based on the semi-autobiographical novella A River Runs Through It written by Norman Maclean. The film won an Academy Award for Best Cinematography in 1993 and was nomin

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Original movie poster

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The Redeemer Lutheran Church in Livingston, Montana, used for the Presbyterian church scenes.

Legends of the Fall
–
Legends of the Fall is a 1994 American epic drama film directed by Edward Zwick and starring Brad Pitt, Anthony Hopkins, Aidan Quinn, Julia Ormond and Henry Thomas. The films time frame spans from World War I through the Prohibition era, the film was nominated for three Academy Awards and won for Best Cinematography. Both the film and book contain

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Theatrical release poster

Interview with the Vampire (film)
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Interview with the Vampire is a 1994 American drama horror film directed by Neil Jordan, based on the 1976 novel Interview with the Vampire by Anne Rice, and starring Tom Cruise and Brad Pitt. The film focuses on Lestat and Louis, beginning with Louiss transformation into a vampire by Lestat in 1791, the film chronicles their time together, and the

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Theatrical poster

Seven (1995 film)
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Seven is a 1995 American neo-noir crime thriller film directed by David Fincher, and stars Brad Pitt, Morgan Freeman, Gwyneth Paltrow, John C. McGinley, R. Lee Ermey, and Kevin Spacey, the film was based on a screenplay by Andrew Kevin Walker. The films screenplay was influenced by the time Walker spent in New York City trying to make it as a write

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Theatrical release poster

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Persons who categorized and described the Sins

12 Monkeys
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After Universal Studios acquired the rights to remake La Jetée as a full-length film, David and Janet Peoples were hired to write the script. Under Gilliams direction, Universal granted the filmmakers a $29.5 million budget, the film was shot mostly in Philadelphia and Baltimore, where the story was set. The film was released to critical praise and

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Theatrical release poster

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Supporting actor Brad Pitt was nominated for an Academy Award for his portrayal of Jeffrey Goines.

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Actor Aaron Stanford, who portrays the role of James Cole in the television adaptation.

Fight Club
–
Fight Club is a 1999 American film based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Chuck Palahniuk. The film was directed by David Fincher, and stars Brad Pitt, Edward Norton, Norton plays the unnamed protagonist, referred to as the narrator, who is discontented with his white-collar job. He forms a club with soap maker Tyler Durden, played by Pitt. Th

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Theatrical release poster

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The opening scene in Fight Club that represents a brain's neural network in which the thought processes are initiated by the narrator's fear impulse. The network was mapped using an L-system and drawn out by a medical illustrator.

Troy (film)
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Troy is a 2004 American action-war film written by David Benioff and directed by Wolfgang Petersen. The film features an ensemble cast led by Brad Pitt, Eric Bana, Achilles leads his Myrmidons along with the rest of the Greek army invading the historical city of Troy, defended by Hectors Trojan army. The end of the film is not taken from the Iliad,

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Theatrical release poster

World War Z (film)
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World War Z is a 2013 American action horror film directed by Marc Forster. The film stars Brad Pitt as Gerry Lane, a former United Nations investigator who must travel the world to find a way to stop a zombie pandemic, Pitts Plan B Entertainment secured the film rights in 2007, and Forster was approached to direct. In 2009, Carnahan was hired to r

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)
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The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a 2008 American romantic fantasy drama film directed by David Fincher. The storyline by Eric Roth and Robin Swicord is loosely based on the 1922 short story of the name by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The film stars Brad Pitt as a man who ages in reverse, the film was released in North America on December 25,2008 to p

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Theatrical release poster

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Some filming was conducted in the Garden District of New Orleans, including this home at 2707 Coliseum St.

Moneyball (film)
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Moneyball is a 2011 American sports drama film directed by Bennett Miller from a screenplay by Steven Zaillian and Aaron Sorkin. Columbia Pictures bought the rights to Lewiss book in 2004, Moneyball was featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival and was released on September 23,2011 to box office success and critical acclaim. The film

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Theatrical release poster

The Departed
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The Departed is a 2006 American crime drama film directed by Martin Scorsese and written by William Monahan. It is a remake of the 2002 Hong Kong film Infernal Affairs, the film stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Matt Damon, Jack Nicholson, and Mark Wahlberg, with Martin Sheen, Ray Winstone, Vera Farmiga, Anthony Anderson and Alec Baldwin in supporting roles

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Theatrical release poster

12 Years a Slave (film)
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Northup worked on plantations in the state of Louisiana for 12 years before his release. The first scholarly edition of Northups memoir, co-edited in 1968 by Sue Eakin and Joseph Logsdon, carefully retraced and validated the account, other characters in the film were also real people, including Edwin and Mary Epps, and Patsey. The film was directed

The Tree of Life (film)
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The Tree of Life is a 2011 American experimental epic drama film written and directed by Terrence Malick and starring Brad Pitt, Sean Penn, and Jessica Chastain. After several years in development and missing 2009 and 2010 release dates, The Tree of Life premiered in competition at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival, where it was awarded the Palme dOr.

The Big Short (film)
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The film stars Christian Bale, Steve Carell, Ryan Gosling, Brad Pitt, Melissa Leo, Hamish Linklater, John Magaro, Rafe Spall, Jeremy Strong, Finn Wittrock and Marisa Tomei. The film is noted for the techniques it employs to explain complex financial instruments. Several other actors directly address the audience, most frequently Gosling, the film w

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Teaser poster

Southern Baptist Convention
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The Southern Baptist Convention is a Christian denomination based in the United States. It is the worlds largest Baptist denomination and the largest Protestant body in the United States and this also makes it the second-largest Christian body in the United States, after the Catholic Church. Members at a convention held in Augusta, Georgia, created

Agnosticism
–
Agnosticism is the philosophical view that the existence of God or the supernatural are unknown and unknowable. Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of rather than a religion. English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word agnostic in 1869, the Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. Agnosticism is of the esse

Atheism
–
Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is the rejection of belief that any deities exist, in an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities. Atheism is contrasted with theism, which, in its most general form, is the belief that at least one

2.
Epicurus is credited with first expounding the problem of evil. David Hume in his Dialogues concerning Natural Religion (1779) cited Epicurus in stating the argument as a series of questions: "Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is impotent. Is he able, but not willing? Then he is malevolent. Is he both able and willing? Then whence cometh evil? Is he neither able nor willing? Then why call him God?"

Mark Twain
–
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. Among his novels are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain was raised in Hannibal, Missouri, which later provided the setting for Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. He

Jesse James
–
Jesse Woodson James was an American outlaw, guerrilla, gang leader, bank robber, train robber, and murderer from the Little Dixie area of western Missouri. He was the most famous member of the James-Younger Gang, Jesse and his brother Frank James were Confederate guerrillas or bushwhackers during the Civil War. They were accused of participating in

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Jesse James c. 1882

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Jesse James Farm in Kearney

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Jesse James (unknown date)

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Site at 1318 Lafayette Street, where James was killed. To the right is the top of Patee House, where his widow Zerelda stayed after his death. His house was subsequently moved to the Belt Highway and later to its current location on the Patee House grounds.

Key Club
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Key Club International, founded in 1925, is the oldest and one of the largest service programs for high school students. Often referred to as simply Key Club, it is an organization whose goal is to encourage leadership through servicing others. Key Club International is a part of the Kiwanis International family of service-leadership programs, many

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Key Club International

Forensics (public speaking)
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Public speaking is the process or act of performing a speech to a live audience. This type of speech is deliberately structured with three general purposes, to inform, to persuade and to entertain, Public speaking is commonly understood as formal, face-to-face speaking of a single person to a group of listeners. It is closely related to presenting,

University of Missouri
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The University of Missouri is a public land-grant research university located in Columbia, Missouri, U. S. It was founded in 1839 as the first public institution of higher education west of the Mississippi River, as the largest university in the state, it enrolled 32,777 students in 2016, offering over 300 degree programs in 19 academic colleges in

No Way Out (1987 film)
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No Way Out is a 1987 American political thriller drama film. It stars Kevin Costner, Gene Hackman, and Sean Young, will Patton, Howard Duff, George Dzundza, Jason Bernard, Fred Thompson and Iman appear in supporting roles. The film is a remake of The Big Clock, both films are based on Kenneth Fearings 1946 novel The Big Clock. Filming locations inc

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Theatrical release poster

Less Than Zero (film)
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Less Than Zero is a 1987 American drama film very loosely based on Bret Easton Ellis novel of the same name. The film stars Andrew McCarthy as Clay, a college freshman returning home for Christmas to spend time with his ex-girlfriend Blair and his friend Julian, the film presents a look at the culture of wealthy, decadent youth in Los Angeles. Less

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Theatrical release poster

NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the

Another World (TV series)
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Another World is an American television soap opera that ran on NBC for 35 years from May 4,1964, to June 25,1999. It was created by Irna Phillips along with William J. Bell, Another World focused less on the conventional drama of domestic life as seen in other soap operas, and more on exotic melodrama between families of different classes and philo

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Another World

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Another World ‍‍ '​‍s most-well-known title sequence, seen from June 1966 to September 4, 1981, making it one of the longest-running continuous title sequences on television.

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Steve and Alice are married, 1971.

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The marriage of Mac and Rachel. Ralph Camargo, the actor who played the justice of the peace, is the real-life father of Victoria Wyndham (Rachel). This was the first time father and daughter had acted together.

American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separ

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In 2002, dancers and other cast members from the 32-year run of American Bandstand reunited with host Dick Clark to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the show's local television debut.

Growing Pains
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Growing Pains is an American television sitcom that aired on ABC from September 24,1985, to April 25,1992. The show ran for seven seasons, consisting of 166 episodes, the Seaver family resides at 15 Robin Hood Lane in Massapequa, Long Island, New York. However, other sources claim Huntington, Long Island, New York, dr. Jason Seaver, a psychiatrist,

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The original cast of Growing Pains (from left to right), Alan Thicke as Jason, Joanna Kerns as Maggie, Jeremy Miller as Ben, Kirk Cameron as Mike, and Tracey Gold as Carol Seaver

CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network,

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Paley's management saw a twentyfold increase in gross income in his first decade.

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Wholesome Kate Smith, Paley's choice for La Palina Hour, was unthreatening to home and hearth

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When Charlie Chaplin finally allowed the world to hear his voice after 20 years of mime, he chose CBS's airwaves to do it on.

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CBS west coast headquarters reflected its industry stature while hosting its top Hollywood talent.

Dallas (1978 TV series)
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Dallas is an American prime time television soap opera that aired on CBS from April 2,1978, to May 3,1991. The series revolves around a wealthy and feuding Texan family, the Ewings, who own the independent oil company Ewing Oil, the series originally focused on the marriage of Bobby Ewing and Pamela Barnes, whose families were sworn enemies with ea

Fox Broadcasting Company
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The Fox Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. It is the third largest major network in the world based on total revenues, assets. Launched on October 9,1986 as a competitor to the Big Three television networks, Fox and its affiliated c

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Fox Broadcasting Company

21 Jump Street
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21 Jump Street is an American police procedural television series that aired on the Fox network and in first run syndication from April 12,1987, to April 27,1991, with a total of 103 episodes. The series focuses on a squad of youthful-looking undercover police officers investigating crimes in schools, colleges. Created by Patrick Hasburgh and Steph

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Richard Grieco appears in two shows of season four and is used on the season's DVD cover.

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21 Jump Street

The Dark Side of the Sun (film)
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Director Božidar Nikolić picked Brad Pitt out of 400 candidates for the main role. Brad Pitt was very happy for the pick and was only paid $1523 for seven weeks of filming in 1988, nikolic said that film was then shelved due to lack of entertainment value. The movie was released directly to video in 1997, Rick is a young American who suffers of a r

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The Dark Side of the Sun

Adriatic Sea
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The Adriatic Sea /ˌeɪdriˈætᵻk/ is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula and the Apennine Mountains from the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto to the northwest, the countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania

Croatian War of Independence
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In Croatia, the war is primarily referred to as the Homeland War and also as the Greater-Serbian Aggression. In Serbian sources, War in Croatia and War in Krajina are used, Croatia declared independence on 25 June 1991, but agreed to postpone it with the Brioni Agreement and cut all remaining ties with Yugoslavia on 8 October 1991. The JNA initiall

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The Croatian military eased their equipment shortage by seizing the JNA barracks in the Battle of the Barracks.

Happy Together (1989 American film)
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Happy Together is a 1989 American romantic comedy film directed by Mel Damski, and stars Patrick Dempsey and Helen Slater. Christopher is a very serious minded young man, enrolling into college as a freshman he finds his roommate is someone named Alex. Alex, however, is not male but female and the two have placed together by a computer error. Chris

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Happy Together

Cutting Class
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Cutting Class is a 1989 American dark comedy slasher film directed by Rospo Pallenberg and written by Steve Slavkin. The film was Brad Pitts first major role, the plot revolves around the return of Brian Woods, a problem teen. He has just been released from a hospital, he was admitted after the suspicious death of his father. He falls in love with

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Theatrical poster

Head of the Class
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Head of the Class is an American sitcom that ran from 1986 to 1991 on the ABC television network. The series follows a group of gifted students in the Individualized Honors Program at the fictional Monroe High School in Manhattan, the program was ostensibly a vehicle for Hesseman, best known for his role as radio DJ Dr. Johnny Fever on the sitcom W

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Head of the Class

Thirtysomething (TV series)
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Thirtysomething is an American television drama about American baby boomers who are now in their thirties. The title of the show was designed as thirtysomething by Kathie Broyles, although seen as an ensemble drama, the series revolves around husband and wife Michael Steadman and Hope Murdoch and their baby Janie. Michaels cousin is photographer Me

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Main cast

Juliette Lewis
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Juliette L. Lewis is an American actress and singer. She gained fame for her role in Martin Scorseses 1991 remake of the thriller Cape Fear for which she was nominated for both an Academy Award and Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress. This followed with roles in Whats Eating Gilbert Grape, Natural Born Killers, Strange Days, The Evening Star,

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Brad Pitt (boxer)
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Bradley Michael Brad Pitt, also known as Hollywood, is an Australian boxer best known for winning the Heavyweight Gold at the 2006 Commonwealth Games and for qualifying for the 2008 Olympics. Because of his famous namesake, Brad Pitt is nicknamed Hollywood and he quit his job as a painter in order to train for the 2000 Sydney Olympics, but did not qualify. He returned to painting but again quit, this time to focus on the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, in this fight, Pitt was taunted by Singh. Following the taunts, he knocked Sing out in three punches, on 6 August, Pitt lost at the Nationals in Darwin to 2004 Olympian Adam Forsyth 35,45. At the 2008 World Amateur Boxing Championships Pitt lost his match to Yushan Nijiati, in 2008 Pitt qualified for the Olympics at the Oceanian Championships, beating Adam Forsyth. At the Olympics Pitt was beaten by Mohamed Arjaoui 6,11 and he was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. He turned pro at cruiserweight in 2011 and won his first 13 bouts including the Australian Cruiserweight title, pitts star rises in the ring. Pro record 2006 Commonwealth Games bio 2006 Nationals bio Oceanians 2008 Brad Pitt Boxer Official website Facebook page Boxing records

Brad Pitt (boxer)
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Brad Pitt v Rasheed Baloch

2.
Fury (2014 film)
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Fury is a 2014 American war film written and directed by David Ayer. The film stars Brad Pitt, Shia LaBeouf, Logan Lerman, Michael Peña, Jon Bernthal, the film portrays US tank crews in Nazi Germany during the final days of World War II. Ayer aimed for a degree of realism in the film than in other World War II dramas. Production began in early September 2013 in Hertfordshire, England followed by principal photography on September 30,2013, filming continued for a month and a half at different locations, which included the city of Oxford, and concluded on November 13. Fury was released on October 17,2014, don Wardaddy Collier, a battle-hardened U. S. It becomes clear that the crew, especially Wardaddy, have an intense hatred towards Nazi Germanys infamous Waffen-SS. When the tanks original assistant driver/bow gunner, Red, is killed in action, Wardaddy is angered at his incompetence, and after the battle, he orders Norman to execute a captive German soldier. When Norman refuses, Wardaddy wrestles a pistol into his hand and forces him to pull the trigger, killing the prisoner, Wardaddy then leads the tanks to capture a small German town, where Norman kills several German soldiers. While searching an apartment, Wardaddy and Norman encounter a German woman, Irma, Norman and Emma go into the bedroom together and have sex. The four then have breakfast, but the rest of Furys crew barges in, harassing the women and angering Wardaddy, as the men prepare to leave, a German artillery bombardment strikes the town. Norman finds Emma among the dead, which traumatizes him once more, Wardaddy and his platoon are then ordered to hold a vital crossroads to prevent the enemy from attacking the Allies vulnerable rear lines. They head to their objective, only to be ambushed by a German Tiger I, Wardaddy leads the Shermans in a counterattack, their shells fail to penetrate the Tigers thick frontal armor, and its heavier gun knocks out three tanks from the platoon. Fury eventually destroys the Tiger by outmaneuvering it and firing into its thinner rear armor, just as it reaches the crossroads, the tank is immobilized by a landmine. Norman is ordered to scout a nearby hill where he spots a battalion of three hundred Waffen-SS panzergrenadiers heading their way, the crew initially wants to flee, but Wardaddy refuses to leave and they decide to stay. The crew disguise Fury so that it will appear knocked out and they share a bottle of whiskey, and Norman is finally accepted by the crew and given his nickname, Machine. When the Germans arrive, the crew ambush them using both the tanks and their own personal weapons, Wardaddy then orders Norman to escape through an emergency hatch in the floor as the Germans drop grenades into the tank. Norman slips out just as they explode, killing Wardaddy, Norman tries to hide as the Germans move on, but is quickly discovered by a young SS soldier. The soldier hesitates and then leaves, deciding not to report him, the next morning, Norman awakens and crawls back into the tank, where he covers Wardaddys corpse with his coat and takes his revolver as he hears movement outside

Fury (2014 film)
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Theatrical release poster
Fury (2014 film)
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Tiger 131 – the only operating Tiger I tank in the world – was lent by The Tank Museum for the film. It is the first time a genuine Tiger I tank was used in a contemporary war film since 1946; 131 was restored to running condition between 1990 and 2003, further work was only completed in 2012
Fury (2014 film)
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The Tank Museum's M4A3E8 Sherman in 2009, the tank which portrayed Fury in the film.
Fury (2014 film)
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The Schachtellaufwerk wheel arrangement on a Tiger I, which is identical to Tiger 131 as used for the movie.

3.
Washington, D.C.
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Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing

4.
Shawnee, Oklahoma
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Shawnee is a city in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 31,543 in 2014, a 4.9 percent increase from 28,692 at the 2000 census. The city is part of the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area, it is also the county seat of Pottawatomie County, with access to Interstate 40, Shawnee is about 45 minutes east of the attractions in downtown Oklahoma City. To the east and northeast, Shawnee is 112 miles from the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System which provides shipping access to the Gulf of Mexico. The area surrounding Shawnee was settled after the American Civil War by a number of tribes that the government had removed to Indian Territory. The Sac and Fox originally were deeded land in the area but were soon followed by the Kickapoo, Shawnee. Descendants of these federally recognized tribes continue to today in. With the cattle drives, railroads were constructed through the territory, in addition, white settlers pressed for more land, they were encroaching on territories previously reserved by treaty to Native Americans. In 1871 a Quaker mission was established here and that first missionary, Joseph Newsom, opened a school in 1872. By 1876 a post office and trading post had been established a mile west of the mission at what became known as Shawnee Town. Beginning in April 1889, the United States government succumbed to the pressure that had built to open the lands to white settlement. It was also making policy to encourage Native Americans to assimilate into the mainstream society, by allocating communal lands to individual households and extinguishing tribal land claims, Congress was preparing the territory for eventual statehood. The end of communal holdings was also intended to be the end of tribal government. The Dawes Act allocated the tribes communal lands into 160-acre plots to individual tribal members believing it would support a family farm, tribal members were registered with records known as the Dawes Rolls established for each tribe. The government declared that land in excess of what was allocated to member households was surplus. It allocated that surplus land through land runs, essentially races by which people staked claims on land, some tribes lost parts of their communal lands, disrupting traditional governments and practices. The first Land Run took place in the area of Oklahoma Territory in 1889 known as the Unassigned Land. Then in the Land Run of 1891 onto surplus land of the Sac & Fox, Citizen Pottawatomie and Shawnee, four settlers each staked a quarter section in the proposed city of Brockway

5.
Brad Pitt filmography
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Brad Pitt is an American actor and film producer, whose acting career began in 1987 with uncredited roles in the films No Way Out and Less Than Zero. He subsequently appeared in episodes for shows during the late 1980s. He gained recognition in Thelma & Louise and A River Runs Through It, Pitt featured in the David Fincher-directed, commercially successful thriller Seven, in which he played a detective on the trail of a psychopathic serial killer. The role of a patient in the science fiction film 12 Monkeys earned him the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. He followed it with the role of Heinrich Harrer in the biopic Seven Years in Tibet, Pitt reteamed with Fincher to star in the apocalyptic film Fight Club in a role that required him learn boxing, taekwondo, and grappling. A critical and commercial success, the film has developed a cult status. Pitt portrayed Rusty Ryan in the successful heist film series Oceans Trilogy. In 2002, he earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his guest appearance in the sitcom Friends, also that year, Pitt started a production company, Plan B Entertainment, whose first release was the epic war film Troy, starring Pitt. He played an assassin opposite Angelina Jolie in the successful action comedy Mr. & Mrs. Smith. Pitt produced the 2006 crime drama The Departed, and acted alongside Cate Blanchett in the multi-narrative drama Babel, pitts portrayal of the eponymous man who ages in reverse in the drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button earned him an Academy Award for Best Actor nomination. He starred in the war film Inglourious Basterds, and produced the superhero film Kick-Ass. He also garnered a Best Actor nomination for the latter and his biggest commercial success came with the apocalyptic film World War Z, which has grossed a total of $540 million worldwide. Pitt produced the period drama 12 Years a Slave, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Picture, in 2014, he starred in the war film Fury which received positive reviews from critics and proved to be successful at the box office. List of awards and nominations received by Brad Pitt Brad Pitt filmography at the Internet Movie Database

6.
Springfield, Missouri
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Springfield is the third largest city in the state of Missouri and the county seat of Greene County. According to the 2010 census data, the population was 159,498, as of 2015, the population is 166,810. Springfields nickname is the Queen City of the Ozarks and is known as the Birthplace of Route 66 and it is also home of several universities including Missouri State University, Drury University, and Evangel University. The territory known as Missouri was included in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, soon after, the Delaware Native Americans received treaty land where Springfields Sequiota Park and the antique stores of its Galloway Village stand today. To the west,500 Kickapoo Native Americans built wickiups on the prairie that still bears their name, Missouri became a state on August 10,1821, and in 1833 the legislature designated most of the southern portion as Greene County. Officially, Springfield was founded in 1830, and was incorporated in 1838, the origin of the name, Springfield is unclear, but the most common view is that the city was named for Springfield, Massachusetts. One account holds that James Wilson, who lived in the unnamed city, offered free whiskey to anyone who would vote for the name Springfield, after his home town of Springfield. In 1883, the historian R. I, but such is not a correct version. That same year, Cherokee Native Americans were forcibly removed by the U. S. government from their homelands in Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina and Georgia to the Indian Territory. Their route became known as the Trail of Tears due to the thousands of Cherokee deaths on the journey, the Trail of Tears passed through the Springfield area via what is known today as the Old Wire Road. The Trail of Tears National Historic Trail auto tour route is along Interstate 44 westward to US160, the Old Wire Road, then known as the Military Road, served until the mid-1840s as a connection between Springfield and the garrison at Fort Smith, Arkansas. By 1858, the Butterfield Overland Stage began utilizing the road offering passage to California, two years later, the regions first telegraph line was strung along the road, and it was dubbed the Telegraph or Wire Road. The road proved vital during the Civil War, and its most historic connection is to the Battle of Pea Ridge in Arkansas, while portions of the road exist today, the most easily accessible is within Wilsons Creek National Battlefield. The 1849 charter of the Pacific Railroad, established to construct a line from St. Louis westward across central Missouri, was expanded in 1852 to include a Southwest Branch. However, after defaulting on its obligations, the state seized this branch and sold it, thus creating a new company, commercial and industrial diversification came with the railroads, and strengthened the City of Springfield and North Springfield when the two towns merged 17 years later in 1887. Today visitors can enjoy the view from the Jefferson Avenue Footbridge, with the American Civil War imminent and Missouri a border state, Springfield was divided in its sentiments. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon was killed, the first Union general to die in combat, Union troops fell back to Lebanon, then Rolla, and regrouped. When they returned to Springfield, the Confederates had withdrawn, the First Battle of Springfield, or Zagonyis Charge, occurred on October 25,1861

7.
Jennifer Aniston
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Jennifer Joanna Aniston is an American actress, producer, and businesswoman. She is the daughter of Greek-born actor John Aniston and American actress Nancy Dow, the character was widely popular during the airing of the series and was later recognized as one of the 100 greatest female characters in United States television. Aniston has played the female protagonist in a number of comedies and her box office hits include Bruce Almighty, The Break-Up, Marley & Me, Just Go with It, Horrible Bosses, and Were the Millers, each of which have grossed over US$200 million in worldwide receipts. Her other films include Along Came Polly and Hes Just Not That Into You, in 2008, she co-founded the production company Echo Films. In 2012, Aniston received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and she is one of the highest paid actresses in Hollywood, and as of 2014, her net worth is estimated to be US$150 million. She has also included in magazines lists of the worlds most beautiful women. People magazine named Aniston The Most Beautiful Woman in 2004 and 2016, divorced from actor Brad Pitt, to whom she was married for five years, she has been married to actor Justin Theroux since 2015. Aniston was born in Sherman Oaks, California, the daughter of actor John Aniston and her father is Greek, while her mother was born in New York City. One of her maternal great-grandfathers was an Italian immigrant, and her mothers ancestry includes English, Irish, Scottish. Aniston has two half-brothers, John Melick, her older maternal half-brother, and Alex Aniston, her younger paternal half-brother, Anistons godfather was actor Telly Savalas, one of her fathers best friends. As a child, Aniston lived in Greece for a year with her family and they then moved to Eddystone, Pennsylvania, where they lived with her grandmother Stella Anastassakis in a three-bedroom home. While living in Eddystone, Aniston was enrolled at a elementary school. She and her family moved to New York City. Despite her fathers career, Aniston was discouraged from watching TV. When she was six, she began attending a Waldorf school and her mother and father split up when she was nine years old. Her father is best known for his role as Victor Kiriakis on the NBC daytime drama Days of Our Lives and her mother appeared in two 1960s TV series, The Wild Wild West and The Beverly Hillbillies. In 2015, she spoke about an incident that led to her lifelong fear of water. She stated during an event for her film Cake, I basically have a real fear of going underwater

8.
Angelina Jolie
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Angelina Jolie Pitt, DCMG is an American actress, filmmaker, and humanitarian. She has received an Academy Award, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and three Golden Globe Awards, and has cited as Hollywoods highest-paid actress. Jolie made her debut as a child alongside her father, Jon Voight. Her film career began in earnest a decade later with the low-budget production Cyborg 2, followed by her first leading role in a major film, Hackers. She starred in the critically acclaimed biographical cable films George Wallace and Gia, Jolies starring role as the video game heroine Lara Croft in Lara Croft, Tomb Raider established her as a leading Hollywood actress. Beginning in the 2010s, she expanded her career into directing, screenwriting and her biggest commercial success came with the fantasy picture Maleficent. Her personal life is the subject of wide publicity, divorced from actors Jonny Lee Miller and Billy Bob Thornton, she separated from her third husband, actor Brad Pitt, in September 2016. They have six children together, three of whom were adopted internationally, born in Los Angeles, California, Jolie is the daughter of actors Jon Voight and Marcheline Bertrand. She is the sister of actor James Haven and niece of singer-songwriter Chip Taylor and her godparents are actors Jacqueline Bisset and Maximilian Schell. On her fathers side, Jolie is of German and Slovak descent, and on her mothers side, she is of primarily French Canadian, Dutch, like her mother, Jolie has stated that she is part Iroquois, although her only known indigenous ancestors were 17th-century Hurons. After her parents separation in 1976, Jolie and her brother lived with their mother, when Jolie was six years old, Bertrand and her live-in partner, filmmaker Bill Day, moved the family to Palisades, New York, they returned to Los Angeles five years later. Jolie then decided she wanted to act and enrolled at the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute, Jolie first attended Beverly Hills High School, where she felt isolated among the children of some of the areas affluent families because her mother survived on a more modest income. She was teased by other students, who targeted her for being extremely thin and her early attempts at modeling, at her mothers insistence, proved unsuccessful. She dropped out of her classes and aspired to become a funeral director. She also struggled with insomnia and an eating disorder, and began experimenting with drugs, by age 20, she had used just about every drug possible, particularly heroin. Jolie suffered episodes of depression and twice planned to commit suicide—at age 19 and again at 22, when she was 24, she experienced a nervous breakdown and was admitted for 72 hours to UCLA Medical Centers psychiatric ward. Two years later, after adopting her first child, Jolie found stability in her life, later stating, I knew once I committed to Maddox, I would never be self-destructive again. Jolie has had a dysfunctional relationship with her father, which began when Voight left the family when his daughter was less than a year old

Angelina Jolie
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Jolie at the Global Summit to End Sexual Violence in Conflict in June 2014
Angelina Jolie
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Jon Voight at the Academy Awards in April 1988, where his children accompanied him
Angelina Jolie
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Jolie at the Cologne premiere of Alexander in December 2004
Angelina Jolie
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Jolie with her partner, Brad Pitt, at the Cannes premiere of A Mighty Heart in May 2007

9.
Academy Award
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze

10.
Plan B Entertainment
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Plan B Entertainment Inc. more commonly known as Plan B, is an American film production company founded in November 2001 by Brad Pitt, Brad Grey, and Jennifer Aniston. In 2005, after Pitt and Aniston divorced, and Grey became the CEO of Paramount Pictures and it currently holds a release deal with Paramount Pictures, along with Warner Bros. 20th Century Fox, and Walt Disney Pictures. The president of the company was for years Dede Gardner, but she, three of the production companys movies, The Departed,12 Years a Slave, and Moonlight have won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Golden Boy Shines Behind the Scenes, Plan B Entertainment at the Internet Movie Database

Plan B Entertainment
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Plan B Entertainment Inc.

11.
A River Runs Through It (film)
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A River Runs Through It is a 1992 American drama film directed by Robert Redford and starring Craig Sheffer, Brad Pitt, Tom Skerritt, Brenda Blethyn, and Emily Lloyd. It is a drama based on the semi-autobiographical novella A River Runs Through It written by Norman Maclean. The film won an Academy Award for Best Cinematography in 1993 and was nominated for two other Oscars, for Best Music, Original Score and Best Adapted Screenplay, the film grossed $43,440,294 in US domestic returns. The film follows the story of the Maclean brothers, Norman and Paul, growing up in Missoula, Montana with their father. A common theme in the film is the love of fly fishing for trout in the Blackfoot River. The film is told from Normans point of view, with director Robert Redford as narrator, the story begins with the brothers learning to fish from their father, a preacher who treats fishing as a sacred act. The boys become accomplished fishermen as a result, Norman and Paul are home taught and must adhere to the strict moral and educational code of their father. However, whenever they get a chance they enjoy practicing the art of fly fishing, as they grow older, it becomes clear that Norman is the more disciplined and studious brother, while Paul is the fun loving, wild one and the more talented fly fisherman. Norman attends a July 4th dance with his friends after returning home from six years away at Dartmouth, Paul has become a reporter at a newspaper in Helena, the state capital. Paul gets arrested after fighting a man who insulted her, after Norman and Jessie go on several dates, she insists that Norman make an effort to get along with her brother Neal, who is back in Montana, visiting from California. Norman and Paul do not like the self-centered Neal, who tells tales of socializing with film stars in Hollywood. Neal shows up drunk with a woman he met at a bar the evening before, Norman and Paul decide to fish anyway and return to their car hours later to find Neal and his ladyfriend Rawhide have drunk all their beer and passed out naked in the sun. Norman returns a painfully sunburned Neal home, where Jessie is waiting for them and she is angry that the brothers did not fish with Neal. When Norman asks Jessie to drive him home, he tells her that he is falling for her and she drives away angry but a week later asks Norman to come to the train station to see Neal off back to California. After the train departs, Norman shows Jessie a letter from the University of Chicago that is a job offer for an English Literature teaching position, Norman asks Jessie to marry him. When Norman tells Paul about the job offer and marriage proposal, he also urges Paul to come with him, Paul tells Norman that he will never leave Montana. Just before leaving for Chicago, Norman, Paul and their father go fly fishing one last time as a family, Paul catches a huge fish that carries him down the river. John proudly tells his son Paul what a wonderful fisherman he has become and they pose for pictures with the huge fish for their mother

A River Runs Through It (film)
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Original movie poster
A River Runs Through It (film)
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The Redeemer Lutheran Church in Livingston, Montana, used for the Presbyterian church scenes.

12.
Legends of the Fall
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Legends of the Fall is a 1994 American epic drama film directed by Edward Zwick and starring Brad Pitt, Anthony Hopkins, Aidan Quinn, Julia Ormond and Henry Thomas. The films time frame spans from World War I through the Prohibition era, the film was nominated for three Academy Awards and won for Best Cinematography. Both the film and book contain occasional Cornish language terms, the Ludlows being a Cornish emigrant family, sick of betrayals the United States government perpetrated on the Native Americans, Colonel William Ludlow leaves the army and moves to a remote part of Montana. Along with One Stab, a Cree friend, he builds a ranch, accompanying them are hired hand and outlaw Decker, Deckers wife, and daughter Isabel Two. Ludlows wife Isabel does not adapt to the harsh Montana winters and moves to the East Coast, at age 12, Tristan touches a sleeping grizzly bear. The bear awakens and injures him, but he stabs at the bears paw, years later, Samuel returns from Harvard University with his fiancée, Susannah. Susannah talks with Isabel Two and learns of her fondness for Tristan, Susannah finds Tristan captivating but loves Samuel. Before they can marry, Samuel announces his intention to join the Canadian Expeditionary Force, much to their fathers displeasure, Alfred also joins. Although Tristan does not want to join, he does so to protect his brothers, during World War I, the brothers find themselves in the 10th Battalion, CEF. Alfred, commissioned as an officer, leads a charge into no mans land, the attack results in heavy casualties, and Alfred is wounded. While visiting Alfred in the hospital, Tristan learns that Samuel has volunteered for a dangerous reconnaissance mission. He rushes off to protect his brother but arrives too late, a devastated Tristan holds Samuel until he dies, then cuts out his brothers heart and sends it home to be buried at the ranch. Tristan single-handedly raids the German lines and he returns to camp with the scalps of German soldiers hanging around his neck, horrifying his fellow soldiers. He is discharged but does not go home, Alfred returns to Montana and proposes to Susannah, but she declines. Tristan returns home, where Susannah finds him weeping over Samuels grave and she comforts him, and they become lovers. A jealous Alfred confronts Tristan and leaves to make his name in Helena, Tristan is plagued with guilt over Samuels death and feels responsible for driving Alfred away, he leaves Montana for several years. Susannah waits for him, only to receive a letter telling her to someone else. Ludlow finds them together, which leads to a falling out between him and Alfred and he does not speak for years and the ranch deteriorates

Legends of the Fall
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Theatrical release poster

13.
Interview with the Vampire (film)
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Interview with the Vampire is a 1994 American drama horror film directed by Neil Jordan, based on the 1976 novel Interview with the Vampire by Anne Rice, and starring Tom Cruise and Brad Pitt. The film focuses on Lestat and Louis, beginning with Louiss transformation into a vampire by Lestat in 1791, the film chronicles their time together, and their turning of a twelve-year-old girl, Claudia, into a vampire. The narrative is framed by an interview, in which Louis tells his story to a San Francisco reporter. The supporting cast features Christian Slater, Kirsten Dunst, Antonio Banderas, the film was released in November 1994 to generally positive reviews, and received Oscar nominations for Best Art Direction and Best Original Score. Kirsten Dunst was also nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the film, in modern-day San Francisco, reporter Daniel Molloy interviews Louis de Pointe du Lac, who claims to be a vampire. Louis describes his life as a wealthy plantation owner in 1791 Louisiana. He had lost the will to live following the death of his wife and infant child, Lestat senses Louis dissatisfaction with life and offers to turn him into a vampire, to which Louis accepts prior to being transformed. But while Lestat revels in the hunt and killing of humans, Louis resists killing them and he is disgusted by Lestats pleasure in killing and comes to suffer tremendously as a vampire. Wandering the streets of New Orleans, amid an outbreak of plague, Louis can resist his hunger no more, to entice Louis to stay with him, Lestat makes the girl into their vampire daughter, naming her Claudia. Louis has a love for Claudia, but to Lestat, she is a pupil. As thirty years pass, Claudia matures psychologically but still remains a girl in appearance. When she finally realizes that she will never grow old, she is furious with Lestat and she tricks Lestat into drinking the dead blood of twin boys that she killed by overdosing them with laudanum and she slits his throat. With Louiss help, she dumps Lestats body in a swamp, however, Lestat returns on the night of their departure, having drunk the blood of swamp creatures to survive. Lestat attacks them, but Louis sets him on fire and, in the chaos, they are able to escape. After traveling around Europe and the Mediterranean, Louis and Claudia settle harmoniously in Paris, Louis encounters vampires Santiago and Armand by chance. On their way out of the theater, Santiago reads Louis mind and suspects that Louis, Louis is tempted to remain with Armand and learn from him in a way he could never have done with Lestat. Claudia demands that Louis turn a woman, Madeleine, to be her new protector and companion. The Parisian vampires abduct all three and punish them for Lestats murder, imprisoning Louis in a coffin, and trapping Claudia

Interview with the Vampire (film)
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Theatrical poster

14.
Seven (1995 film)
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Seven is a 1995 American neo-noir crime thriller film directed by David Fincher, and stars Brad Pitt, Morgan Freeman, Gwyneth Paltrow, John C. McGinley, R. Lee Ermey, and Kevin Spacey, the film was based on a screenplay by Andrew Kevin Walker. The films screenplay was influenced by the time Walker spent in New York City trying to make it as a writer, principal photography took place in Los Angeles, with the last scene filmed near Lancaster, California. The films budget was US$33 million, released on September 22,1995 by New Line Cinema, Seven went on to become the seventh-highest-grossing film of the year, grossing over $327 million worldwide. It was well received by critics, who praised the darkness and brutality of the film, the film was nominated for Best Film Editing at the 68th Academy Awards, but lost out to Apollo 13. Mills introduces Somerset to Tracy, after which Somerset becomes her confidant, Tracy is unhappy with the city and feels it is no place to raise a child. She discloses to Somerset that she is pregnant and has yet to inform her husband, Somerset sympathizes with her, having a similar situation with his ex-girlfriend many years earlier, and advises her to tell Mills only if she plans on keeping the child. Somerset and Mills investigate a pair of murders, the first victim is an obese man forced to eat until his stomach ruptured. The second was a defense attorney who died from both fatal bloodletting and the removal of a pound of flesh. At each crime scene, the murderer leaves behind clues for the detectives, including a word, gluttony at the obese mans home. Somerset recognizes them as part of the seven sins and realizes the murders are related. Other clues lead them to a possible perpetrators apartment, the word sloth is scrawled on the wall. The photos also indicate the killer has been planning these deaths for some time, Somerset and Mills identify a man named John Doe, who has checked out several library books on the deadly sins. Doe flees when they go to his apartment, and Mills gives chase, Doe eventually corners Mills and holds him at gunpoint, but after a few moments, turns and escapes. At Does apartment, they find hundreds of handwritten journals showing Does apparent psychopathy and they find lust written on the door. The word pride is written on her wall, shortly after, as Somerset and Mills return to the police station, they are approached by a man covered in blood, surrendering himself. Mills recognizes him as Doe and arrests him and they discover Doe has been removing the skin on his fingers to avoid leaving behind prints, the blood on him is from a yet-to-be-identified victim. Somerset is wary, but Mills agrees, the two detectives, following Does directions, drive him to a remote desert location

15.
12 Monkeys
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After Universal Studios acquired the rights to remake La Jetée as a full-length film, David and Janet Peoples were hired to write the script. Under Gilliams direction, Universal granted the filmmakers a $29.5 million budget, the film was shot mostly in Philadelphia and Baltimore, where the story was set. The film was released to critical praise and grossed $168 million worldwide, Pitt was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and won a Golden Globe for his performance. The film also won and was nominated for various categories at the Saturn Awards, a deadly virus released in 1996 wipes out almost all of humanity, forcing remaining survivors to live underground. A group known as the Army of the Twelve Monkeys is believed to be behind the release of the virus, in 2035, James Cole is a prisoner living in a subterranean compound beneath the ruins of Philadelphia. Cole is selected for a mission, where he is trained, meanwhile, Cole is troubled by recurring dreams involving a foot chase and an airport shooting. Cole arrives in Baltimore in 1990, not 1996 as planned and he is arrested, then hospitalized in a mental hospital on the diagnosis of Dr. Kathryn Railly. There he encounters Jeffrey Goines, a patient with fanatical views. After an escape attempt, Cole is sedated and locked in a cell, but he disappears moments later, Cole is interrogated by the scientists, who play a distorted voicemail message which asserts the association of the Army of the Twelve Monkeys with the virus. He is also shown photos of people suspected of being involved. The scientists offer Cole a second chance to complete his mission and he arrives at a battlefield of World War I where he is shot in the leg, and then he is suddenly transported to 1996. In 1996, Railly gives a lecture about the Cassandra complex to a group of scientists, at the post-lecture book signing, Dr. Peters points out to Railly that apocalypse alarmists represent the sane vision, while humanitys gradual destruction of the environment is the real lunacy. Cole arrives at the venue after seeing flyers publicizing it, and they learn that Goines is the founder of the Army of the Twelve Monkeys, and set out in search of him. When they confront him, however, Goines denies any involvement with the group, Cole convinces himself that he is insane, but Railly confronts him with evidence of his time travel. They decide to spend their time together in the Florida Keys before the onset of the plague. At the airport, Cole leaves a last message telling the scientists that in following the Army of the Twelve Monkeys they are on the track. He is soon confronted by Jose, an acquaintance from his own time, at the same time, Railly spots Dr. Peters, and recognizes him from a newspaper photograph as an assistant at Goines fathers virology lab. Peters is about to embark on a tour of cities that match the locations

12 Monkeys
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Theatrical release poster
12 Monkeys
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Supporting actor Brad Pitt was nominated for an Academy Award for his portrayal of Jeffrey Goines.
12 Monkeys
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Actor Aaron Stanford, who portrays the role of James Cole in the television adaptation.

16.
Fight Club
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Fight Club is a 1999 American film based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Chuck Palahniuk. The film was directed by David Fincher, and stars Brad Pitt, Edward Norton, Norton plays the unnamed protagonist, referred to as the narrator, who is discontented with his white-collar job. He forms a club with soap maker Tyler Durden, played by Pitt. The narrator becomes embroiled in a relationship with Durden and a woman, Marla Singer. Palahniuks novel was optioned by 20th Century Fox producer Laura Ziskin, Fincher was one of four directors the producers considered, and was selected because of his enthusiasm for the film. Fincher developed the script with Uhls and sought screenwriting advice from the cast, the director and the cast compared the film to Rebel Without a Cause and The Graduate. They said its theme was the conflict between a generation of people and the value system of advertising. The director copied the homoerotic overtones from Palahniuks novel to make audiences uncomfortable, studio executives did not like the film and restructured Finchers intended marketing campaign to try to reduce anticipated losses. It was cited as one of the most controversial and talked-about films of 1999, the film later found critical and commercial success with its DVD release, which established Fight Club as a cult film. The unnamed Narrator is a traveling automobile recall specialist who suffers from insomnia, the group assumes that he, too, is affected like they are, and he spontaneously weeps into the nurturing arms of another man, finding a freedom from the catharsis that relieves his insomnia. He decides to participate in groups of various kinds, always allowing the groups to assume that he suffers what they do. However, he begins to notice another impostor, Marla Singer, whose presence reminds him that he is attending these groups dishonestly, the two negotiate to avoid their attending the same groups, but, before going their separate ways, Marla gives him her phone number. On a flight home from a trip, the Narrator meets Tyler Durden. After the flight, the Narrator returns home to find that his apartment has been destroyed by an explosion, with no one else to contact, he calls Tyler, and they meet at a bar. After a conversation about consumerism, outside the bar, Tyler chastises the Narrator for his timidity about needing a place to stay, Tyler requests that the Narrator hit him, which leads the two to engage in a fistfight. The Narrator moves into Tylers home, a dilapidated house in an industrial area of their city. They have further fights outside the bar on subsequent nights, the fighting eventually moves to the bars basement where the men form a club which routinely meets only to provide an opportunity for the men to fight recreationally. Marla overdoses on pills and telephones the Narrator for help, he ignores her, leaving his phone receiver

Fight Club
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Theatrical release poster
Fight Club
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The opening scene in Fight Club that represents a brain's neural network in which the thought processes are initiated by the narrator's fear impulse. The network was mapped using an L-system and drawn out by a medical illustrator.

17.
Troy (film)
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Troy is a 2004 American action-war film written by David Benioff and directed by Wolfgang Petersen. The film features an ensemble cast led by Brad Pitt, Eric Bana, Achilles leads his Myrmidons along with the rest of the Greek army invading the historical city of Troy, defended by Hectors Trojan army. The end of the film is not taken from the Iliad, Troy made more than 73% of its revenues outside the U. S. Eventually, Troy made over $497 million worldwide, temporarily placing it in the #60 spot of top box office hits of all time. It was the 8th highest-grossing film of 2004, meanwhile, Prince Hector of Troy and his younger brother Paris negotiate a peace treaty with Menelaus, King of Sparta. Paris, however, is having a love affair with Menelaus wife, Queen Helen. Upon learning of this, Menelaus meets with Agamemnon, his elder brother, Agamemnon, who has wanted to conquer Troy for a long time, agrees, since it will give him control of the Aegean Sea. On Nestor, King of Pylos advice, Agamemnon has Odysseus, King of Ithaca, Achilles, who strongly dislikes Agamemnon, initially refuses, but eventually decides to go after his mother, Thetis, tells him that though he will die, he will be forever remembered. The Trojan and Greek armies meet outside the walls of Troy, during a parley, Paris offers to duel Menelaus personally for Helens hand in exchange for the city being spared. Agamemnon, intending to take the city regardless of the outcome, Menelaus wounds Paris and almost kills him, but is himself killed by Hector. In the ensuing battle, most of Agamemnons forces fall to Troys archers, on Odysseus insistence, Agamemnon gives the order to fall back. In order to keep their spirits up, he gives Briseis to the Greek soldiers for their amusement, Briseis sneaks into Achilless quarters later that night intent on killing him. However, Briseis quickly falls for him, giving up her virginity as Achilles seduces, Achilles, realizing the war is a lost cause, resolves to leave Troy in the morning. Despite Hectors advice otherwise, Priam instructs him to retake the Trojan beach in the night, the attack brings the Greeks together and the Myrmidons enter the battle. Hector personally duels a man he believes to be Achilles and cuts his throat, devastated, the armies agree to stop fighting for the day. Achilles is informed of his cousins death and vows revenge, the next day, Achilles arrives outside Troy and demands Hector come out. The two fight evenly for a while until Achilles wears Hector down and kills him, dragging his corpse back to the Trojan beach, straining his relationship with Briseis. Priam, in disguise, sneaks into the camp and meets with Achilles, ashamed of his actions, Achilles agrees and allows Briseis to return to Troy with Priam, promising a truce of twelve days so that Hectors funeral rites may be held in peace. He also tells his men to return home without him, Agamemnon declares that he will take Troy no matter what

Troy (film)
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Theatrical release poster

18.
World War Z (film)
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World War Z is a 2013 American action horror film directed by Marc Forster. The film stars Brad Pitt as Gerry Lane, a former United Nations investigator who must travel the world to find a way to stop a zombie pandemic, Pitts Plan B Entertainment secured the film rights in 2007, and Forster was approached to direct. In 2009, Carnahan was hired to rewrite the script, filming began in July 2011 in Malta, on an estimated $125 million budget, before moving to Glasgow in August 2011 and Budapest in October 2011. Originally set for a December 2012 release, the production suffered some setbacks, in June 2012, the films release date was pushed back, and the crew returned to Budapest for seven weeks of additional shooting. Damon Lindelof was hired to rewrite the third act, but did not have time to finish the script, the reshoots took place between September and October 2012. World War Z premiered in London on June 2,2013, the film premiered in New York, and Los Angeles on June 14,2013, and released everywhere on June 21,2013, in the United States, in 2D and RealD 3D. The film received positive reviews for Brad Pitts performance and as a revival of the zombie genre. Regardless, the film was a success, grossing over $540 million against a production budget of $190 million. A sequel was announced shortly after the release, it was tentatively scheduled for a June 2017 release. Former UN employee Gerry Lane, his wife Karin and their two daughters are in heavy Philadelphia traffic when the city is attacked by zombies. As chaos spreads, the Lanes escape to Newark, New Jersey and take refuge in an apartment, home to a couple with a young son, dr. Andrew Fassbach posits that the plague is a virus, and that development of a vaccine depends on finding the origin. Gerry reluctantly agrees to help Fassbach find the outbreaks source after it is clear that he. Gerry and Fassbach fly to Camp Humphreys, a base in South Korea. Turning to re-enter the aircraft, Fassbach slips, falls and accidentally discharges his gun, as Gerry and his team bike back to their aircraft, zombies attack, kill several soldiers and infect Captain Speke, who commits suicide to prevent himself from turning. Israel had thereupon quarantined Jerusalem, erecting walls around it. Just as Jurgen shows Gerry that Israel is allowing survivors to take refuge in the city, loud celebratory singing from refugees prompts zombies to scale the walls, Jurgen orders some Israeli soldiers to escort Gerry back to his plane. On the way, Gerry notices zombies ignoring an emaciated boy, soon after, one of Gerrys escorts, a soldier who identifies herself only as Segen, is bitten in the hand, which Gerry quickly amputates to stop her turning. Gerry and Segen escape on a commercial airliner as Israel is overrun, Gerry contacts Thierry, and the airliner is diverted to a World Health Organization facility outside Cardiff, Wales

19.
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)
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The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a 2008 American romantic fantasy drama film directed by David Fincher. The storyline by Eric Roth and Robin Swicord is loosely based on the 1922 short story of the name by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The film stars Brad Pitt as a man who ages in reverse, the film was released in North America on December 25,2008 to positive reviews. In August 2005, elderly Daisy Fuller is on her deathbed in a New Orleans hospital as Hurricane Katrina approaches, she asks her daughter, Caroline, to read aloud from the diary of Benjamin Button. From the reading, it is revealed that on the evening of November 11,1918, the babys mother died after giving birth, and the father, Thomas Button, abandons the infant on the porch of a nursing home. Queenie and Mr. Tizzy Weathers, workers at the home, find the baby. Benjamin learns to walk in 1925, he declares it a miracle, on Thanksgiving 1930, Benjamin meets seven-year-old Daisy, whose grandmother lives in the nursing home. He and Daisy become good friends, later, he accepts work on a tugboat captained by Mike Clark. Benjamin also meets Thomas Button, who does not reveal that he is Benjamins father, in Autumn 1936, Benjamin leaves New Orleans for a long-term work engagement with the tugboat crew, Daisy later is accepted into a dance company in New York City under choreographer George Balanchine. In 1941, Benjamin is in Murmansk, where he begins having an affair with Elizabeth Abbott and that December, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, thrusting the United States into World War II. Mike volunteers the boat for the U. S. Navy, during a patrol, the tugboat finds a sunken U. S. transport and the bodies of many American troops. A German submarine surfaces, Mike steers the tugboat full speed towards it while a German gunner fires on the tugboat, killing most of the crew, the tugboat rams the submarine, causing it to explode, sinking both vessels. Benjamin and another crewman are rescued by U. S. Navy ships the next day, in May 1945, Benjamin returns to New Orleans and reunites with Queenie. A few weeks later, he reunites with Daisy, they go out for dinner, upon failing to seduce him afterward, she departs. Benjamin later reunites with Thomas Button, who, terminally ill, reveals he is Benjamins father and wills Benjamin his button company, in 1947, Benjamin visits Daisy in New York unannounced but departs upon seeing that she has fallen in love with someone else. In 1954, Daisys dancing career ends when her leg is crushed in an accident in Paris. When Benjamin visits her, Daisy is amazed by his youthful appearance, in spring 1962, Daisy returns to New Orleans and reunites with Benjamin. Now of comparable physical age, they fall in love and go sailing together and they return to learn that Queenie has died, then move in together

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)
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Theatrical release poster
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)
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Some filming was conducted in the Garden District of New Orleans, including this home at 2707 Coliseum St.
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)
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Parisian scenes shooting in Old Montreal

20.
Moneyball (film)
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Moneyball is a 2011 American sports drama film directed by Bennett Miller from a screenplay by Steven Zaillian and Aaron Sorkin. Columbia Pictures bought the rights to Lewiss book in 2004, Moneyball was featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival and was released on September 23,2011 to box office success and critical acclaim. The film was nominated for six Academy Awards including Best Actor for Pitt, Best Supporting Actor for Hill, Oakland Athletics general manager Billy Beane is upset by his teams loss to the New York Yankees in the 2001 postseason. During a visit to the Cleveland Indians, Beane meets Peter Brand, Beane tests Brands theory by asking whether he would have drafted him, Beane having been a Major League player before becoming general manager. Though scouts considered Beane a phenomenal prospect, his career in the Major Leagues was disappointing, after some prodding, Brand admits that he would not have drafted him until the ninth round and surmised that Beane would probably have accepted a scholarship to Stanford instead. Impressed, Beane hires the inexperienced Brand to be the Athletics assistant general manager, Oakland team scouts are first dismissive and then hostile towards Brands non-traditional sabermetric approach to scouting players. Most notably, Grady Fuson aggressively confronts Beane, causing him to be fired, Grady then takes to the radio airwaves and doubts the teams future. Rather than relying on the experience and intuition, Brand selects players based almost exclusively on their on-base percentage. Beane signs the ones Brand suggests, such as unorthodox submarine pitcher Chad Bradford, past-his-prime outfielder David Justice, Beane also faces opposition from Art Howe, the Athletics manager, who does not agree with the new philosophy. With tensions already high between the two due to a dispute, Howe disregards Beanes and Brands strategy and plays a lineup he prefers. Early in the season, the Athletics fare poorly, leading critics to dismiss the new method as a failure, Beane convinces the owner to stay the course. He trades away the traditional first baseman, Carlos Peña, to force Howe to use Hatteberg at that position. The As win 19 consecutive games, tying for the longest winning streak in American League history, like many baseball players, Beane is superstitious and avoids games in progress, but upon hearing how well the game is going on the radio, he decides to go. Beane arrives in the inning, only to watch the team falter. Finally, the As do win, on a home run by Hatteberg. After celebrating that, however, the As again lose in the postseason, Beane is disappointed, believing nothing short of a championship should be considered a success. He is contacted by the owner of the Boston Red Sox, Beane declines an opportunity to be GM of the Red Sox, despite the $12.5 million salary, which would have made him the highest-paid general manager in sports history. He returns to Oakland, while an epilogue reveals that two later, the Red Sox won the 2004 World Series, using the model pioneered by the Athletics

Moneyball (film)
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Theatrical release poster

21.
The Departed
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The Departed is a 2006 American crime drama film directed by Martin Scorsese and written by William Monahan. It is a remake of the 2002 Hong Kong film Infernal Affairs, the film stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Matt Damon, Jack Nicholson, and Mark Wahlberg, with Martin Sheen, Ray Winstone, Vera Farmiga, Anthony Anderson and Alec Baldwin in supporting roles. The film takes place in Boston, simultaneously, the police assign undercover state trooper William Billy Costigan to infiltrate Costellos crew. When both sides realize the situation, Sullivan and Costigan both attempt to discover the identity before their covers are blown. The film was a critical and commercial success and won awards, including four Oscars at the 79th Academy Awards, Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay. Wahlberg was also nominated for Best Supporting Actor, as a child, Colin Sullivan had been introduced to organized crime by Irish-American mobster Frank Costello in the Irish neighborhood of South Boston. Over the years, Costello grooms him to become a mole inside the Massachusetts State Police, until Sullivan is accepted into the Special Investigations Unit and he drops out of the academy and does time in prison on a fake assault charge to increase his credibility. Each man infiltrates his respective organization, and Sullivan begins a romance with police psychiatrist Madolyn Madden, Costigan is seeing her under the terms of his probation, and they begin a relationship, too. After Costello escapes a sting operation, each mole becomes aware of the others existence, Sullivan is told to find the rat and asks Costello for information to identify the informer. Costigan follows Costello into a theater, where Costello gives Sullivan an envelope containing personal information on his crew members. When it is over, neither man knows the others identity, Sullivan has Queenan tailed to a meeting with Costigan on the roof of a building. Queenan orders Costigan to flee while he confronts Costellos men alone, the men then throw Queenan off the building to his death. When they exit, Costigan pretends he has come to join them, television news reveals that crew member Delahunt has been an undercover cop, working for the Boston Police Department. Dignam resigns rather than work with Sullivan, who he suspects is the mole after he is asked why he had Queenan followed, using Queenans phone, Sullivan reaches Costigan, who refuses to abort his mission. Sullivan learns from Queenans diary of Costellos role as an informant for the FBI, with Costigans help, Costello is traced to a cocaine drop-off, where a gunfight erupts between Costellos crew and the police, which results in most of the crew being killed. Costello, confronted by Sullivan, admits he is an FBI informant, Costello tries to shoot Sullivan, but Sullivan shoots him multiple times. With Costello dead, Sullivan is applauded the next day by everyone on the force, fearing retaliation, Sullivan erases Costigans records from the police computer system. Sullivan is unaware that Madolyn had an affair with Costigan when she tells Sullivan that she is pregnant, later, Sullivan finds her listening to a CD from Costigan containing incriminating recorded conversations between Costello and Sullivan

The Departed
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Theatrical release poster

22.
12 Years a Slave (film)
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Northup worked on plantations in the state of Louisiana for 12 years before his release. The first scholarly edition of Northups memoir, co-edited in 1968 by Sue Eakin and Joseph Logsdon, carefully retraced and validated the account, other characters in the film were also real people, including Edwin and Mary Epps, and Patsey. The film was directed by Steve McQueen, the screenplay was written by John Ridley. Chiwetel Ejiofor stars as Solomon Northup, Michael Fassbender, Benedict Cumberbatch, Paul Dano, Paul Giamatti, Lupita Nyongo, Sarah Paulson, Brad Pitt, and Alfre Woodard are all featured in supporting roles. Principal photography took place in New Orleans, Louisiana, from June 27 to August 13,2012, the locations used were four historic antebellum plantations, Felicity, Bocage, Destrehan, and Magnolia. Of the four, Magnolia is nearest to the plantation where Northup was held. 12 Years a Slave received widespread acclaim, and was named the best film of 2013 by several media outlets. It proved to be a box office success, earning over $187 million on a budget of $22 million. The film won three Academy Awards, Best Picture, Best Supporting Actress for Nyongo, and Best Adapted Screenplay for Ridley, the Best Picture win made McQueen the first black producer ever to have received the award and the first black director to have directed a Best Picture winner. The film was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama, and the British Academy of Film and Television Arts recognized it with the Best Film and the Best Actor award for Ejiofor. In 1841, Solomon Northup is a free African-American man working as a violinist, living with his wife, two white men, Brown and Hamilton, offer him short-term employment as a musician if he will travel with them to Washington, D. C. However, once they arrive, the duo drug Northup and conspire to deliver him to a slave pen run by a man named Burch, Northup is later shipped to New Orleans along with others who have been detained against their will. A slave trader named Freeman gives Northup the identity of Platt, a slave from Georgia. Due to tension between Northup and another worker, Ford sells him to another slave owner named Edwin Epps. In the process, Northup attempts to explain that he is actually a free man, at the plantation, Northup meets Patsey, a favored slave, whom Epps regularly rapes and abuses. Some time later, an outbreak of cotton worm befalls Eppss plantation, unable to work his fields, Epps leases his slaves to a neighboring plantation for the season. While there, Northup gains the favor of the owner, Judge Turner, who allows him to play the fiddle at a neighbors wedding anniversary celebration. When Northup returns to Epps, he attempts to use the money to pay a white hand and former overseer, Armsby

23.
The Tree of Life (film)
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The Tree of Life is a 2011 American experimental epic drama film written and directed by Terrence Malick and starring Brad Pitt, Sean Penn, and Jessica Chastain. After several years in development and missing 2009 and 2010 release dates, The Tree of Life premiered in competition at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival, where it was awarded the Palme dOr. It ranked no.1 on review aggregator Metacritics Top Ten List of 2011, the Tree of Life made more critics year-end lists for 2011 than any other film. It has appeared in the 2012 Sight & Sound critics poll of the worlds top 250 films as well as BBCs poll of the greatest American films, the film begins with a quotation from the Book of Job, Where were you when I laid the foundations of the Earth. When the morning stars together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy. A mysterious, wavering light, resembling a flame, flickers in the darkness, Mrs. OBrien recalls a lesson taught to her that people must choose to follow either the path of grace or the path of nature. In the 1960s or thereabouts, she receives a telegram informing her of the death of her son, Mr. OBrien is notified by telephone while at an airport. The family is thrown into turmoil, in the present day, the OBriens eldest son, Jack, is adrift in his modern life as an architect. One day he apologizes to his father on the phone for something he said about R. L. s death, from the darkness the universe is born, the Milky Way and then the solar system form while voice-overs ask existential questions. On the newly formed Earth, volcanoes erupt and microbes begin to form, sea life is born, then plants on land, then dinosaurs. In a symbolic first act of compassion, a dinosaur chooses not to eat a weakened creature that is lying on the side of a river bed, an asteroid tumbles through space and strikes the Earth, causing the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. In a sprawling neighborhood in the American South live the OBriens. The young couple is enthralled by their new baby Jack and, later, when Jack reaches adolescence, he is faced with the conflict of accepting the way of grace or nature, as embodied by each of his parents. Mrs. OBrien is gentle, nurturing, and authoritative, presenting the world to her children as a place of wonder. Mr. OBrien is strict and authoritarian, and easily loses his temper as he struggles to reconcile his love for his sons with wanting to prepare them for a world he sees as corrupt and exploitative. He laments his decision to work in a power plant instead of pursuing his passion for music and he tries to get ahead by filing patents for various inventions. Jacks perceptions of the world begin to change one of his boyhood companions drowns at the pool. One summer, Mr. OBrien takes a business trip

24.
The Big Short (film)
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The film stars Christian Bale, Steve Carell, Ryan Gosling, Brad Pitt, Melissa Leo, Hamish Linklater, John Magaro, Rafe Spall, Jeremy Strong, Finn Wittrock and Marisa Tomei. The film is noted for the techniques it employs to explain complex financial instruments. Several other actors directly address the audience, most frequently Gosling, the film was nominated for five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor for Bale, Best Film Editing and Best Adapted Screenplay, winning the last. The film consists of three stories which run concurrently with no plot overlap – they are only connected by the commonality of the predicted housing market collapse. Michael Burry storyline In 2005, eccentric hedge fund manager Michael Burry discovers that the United States housing market is extremely unstable, anticipating that the market will collapse during Q22007, as interest rates would rise from adjustable-rate mortgages, he envisions an opportunity to profit. His plan is to create a default swap market, allowing him to bet against market-based mortgage-backed securities. He proposes his idea to several major investment and commercial banks who readily accept, Burrys huge long-term bet, exceeding $1 billion, entails paying substantial monthly premiums to the banks. This proviso incurs his clients ire, believing he is wasting capital, and many demand that he reverse and sell, under pressure, Burry restricts withdrawals from his fund, angering his investors. A misplaced phone call alerts Front Point hedge fund manager Mark Baum to his plans, Vennett explains that the market collapse is being further perpetuated by the packaging of subprime loans into collateralized debt obligations large enough to be considered AAA ratings. Baum sends staff to investigate the Miami housing market and they discover that mortgage brokers are making money by selling risky mortgages to the Wall Street banks, in early 2007, these loans begin to default, but the prices of the CDOs somehow rise. Meanwhile, ratings agencies refuse to downgrade the ratings of these failing bonds, when Baum questions an acquaintance at Standard & Poors, he discovers conflict of interest and dishonesty amongst the credit rating agencies. When Baums employees question Vennetts motives, he maintains position and invites Baum, Baum interviews CDO manager Wing Chau, who creates CDOs on behalf of an investment bank, claiming to represent the interests of investors. Chau describes how synthetic CDOs make a chain of large bets on the faulty loans. Baum horrifyingly realizes that the fraud will completely collapse the global economy and decides to purchase as many swaps as possible, profiting from the situation at the banks expense. Waiting until the last minute to sell their position, Baums fund makes a profit of $1 billion, since they are below the capital threshold for an ISDA Master Agreement required to enter into trades like Burrys and Baums, they enlist the aid of retired securities trader Ben Rickert. When the bond values and CDOs rise despite defaults, Geller suspects the banks of committing fraud, the three also visit the American Securitization Forum, where they learn that the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission has no regulations to monitor mortgage-backed security activity. They manage to make an even more profitable payout deal than other hedge funds by shorting the higher-rated mortgage securities. These securities were considered stable and the banks were willing to sell swaps on them extremely cheaply

The Big Short (film)
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Teaser poster

25.
Southern Baptist Convention
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The Southern Baptist Convention is a Christian denomination based in the United States. It is the worlds largest Baptist denomination and the largest Protestant body in the United States and this also makes it the second-largest Christian body in the United States, after the Catholic Church. Members at a convention held in Augusta, Georgia, created the SBC in 1845. After the American Civil War, another split occurred when most freedmen set up independent congregations, others joined new African-American denominations, chiefly the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Since the 1940s, the SBC has moved away from some of its regional and historical identification, especially since the late twentieth century, the SBC has sought new members among minority groups and become much more diverse. In addition, while still heavily concentrated in the Southern US and it should be noted that some State convention comprise more than one State - for example the New England Baptist Convention is comprise of the six New England states. North and South Dakota comprise the Dakota Baptist Convention, in addition - Northern New Jersey is part of the Baptist Convention of New York and Southern New Jersey is part of the Baptist Convention of Pennsylvania. At its annual convention in 2012, the SBC elected as president Fred Luter Jr. the first African American to hold the position, an SBC presidential term is for one year, with a term limit of two terms. Each president is elected by Messengers sent by local church at the SBC annual meeting. Since Luter ran unopposed, per the by-laws of the convention, because of the historic nature of the vote, the assembly was asked to rise in support of the vote, which the messengers did enthusiastically. Luter was re-elected president for a term at the 2013 meeting. The current president in 2016 is Steve Gaines, Southern Baptists emphasize the significance of the individual conversion experience which is affirmed by the person having complete immersion in water for a believers baptism. As a result, they reject the practice of infant baptism, SBC churches are evangelical in doctrine and practice. Specific beliefs based on biblical interpretation can vary due to their congregational polity which allows autonomy to each individual local church. Most early Baptists in the British colonies came from England in the 17th century, the oldest Baptist church in the South, First Baptist Church of Charleston, South Carolina, was organized in 1682 under the leadership of William Screven. A Baptist church was formed in Virginia in 1715 through the preaching of Robert Norden, the Baptists operated independently of the state-established Anglican churches in the South, at a time when non-Anglicans were prohibited from holding political office. By 1740, there were about eight Baptist churches in the colonies of Virginia, North Carolina, as a result, black congregations and churches were founded in Virginia, South Carolina, and Georgia before the American Revolution. Some black congregations kept their independence even after whites tried to exercise more authority after the Nat Turner slave rebellion of 1831

26.
Agnosticism
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Agnosticism is the philosophical view that the existence of God or the supernatural are unknown and unknowable. Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of rather than a religion. English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word agnostic in 1869, the Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. Agnosticism is of the essence of science, whether ancient or modern and it simply means that a man shall not say he knows or believes that which he has no scientific grounds for professing to know or believe. Consequently, agnosticism puts aside not only the part of popular theology. On the whole, the bosh of heterodoxy is more offensive to me than that of orthodoxy, because heterodoxy professes to be guided by reason and science, and orthodoxy does not. Agnosticism, in fact, is not a creed, but a method, positively the principle may be expressed, In matters of the intellect, follow your reason as far as it will take you, without regard to any other consideration. And negatively, In matters of the intellect do not pretend that conclusions are certain which are not demonstrated or demonstrable, being a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, as such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. Others have redefined this concept, making it compatible with forming a belief, george H. Smith rejects agnosticism as a third alternative to theism and atheism and promotes terms such as agnostic atheism and agnostic theism. Agnostic was used by Thomas Henry Huxley in a speech at a meeting of the Metaphysical Society in 1869 to describe his philosophy, early Christian church leaders used the Greek word gnosis to describe spiritual knowledge. Agnosticism is not to be confused with religious views opposing the ancient religious movement of Gnosticism in particular, Huxley used the term in a broader, Huxley identified agnosticism not as a creed but rather as a method of skeptical, evidence-based inquiry. In recent years, scientific literature dealing with neuroscience and psychology has used the word to mean not knowable, in technical and marketing literature, agnostic can also mean independence from some parameters—for example, platform agnostic or hardware agnostic. Scottish Enlightenment philosopher David Hume contended that meaningful statements about the universe are always qualified by some degree of doubt and he asserted that the fallibility of human beings means that they cannot obtain absolute certainty except in trivial cases where a statement is true by definition. A strong agnostic would say, I cannot know whether a deity exists or not, a weak agnostic would say, I dont know whether any deities exist or not, but maybe one day, if there is evidence, we can find something out. Therefore, their existence has little to no impact on human affairs. Agnostic thought, in the form of skepticism, emerged as a philosophical position in ancient Greece

27.
Atheism
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Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is the rejection of belief that any deities exist, in an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities. Atheism is contrasted with theism, which, in its most general form, is the belief that at least one deity exists, the etymological root for the word atheism originated before the 5th century BCE from the ancient Greek ἄθεος, meaning without god. The term denoted a social category created by orthodox religionists into which those who did not share their religious beliefs were placed, the actual term atheism emerged first in the 16th century. With the spread of freethought, skeptical inquiry, and subsequent increase in criticism of religion, application of the term narrowed in scope, the first individuals to identify themselves using the word atheist lived in the 18th century during the Age of Enlightenment. The French Revolution, noted for its unprecedented atheism, witnessed the first major movement in history to advocate for the supremacy of human reason. Arguments for atheism range from the philosophical to social and historical approaches, although some atheists have adopted secular philosophies, there is no one ideology or set of behaviors to which all atheists adhere. Since conceptions of atheism vary, accurate estimations of current numbers of atheists are difficult, an older survey by the British Broadcasting Corporation in 2004 recorded atheists as comprising 8% of the worlds population. Other older estimates have indicated that atheists comprise 2% of the worlds population, according to these polls, Europe and East Asia are the regions with the highest rates of atheism. In 2015, 61% of people in China reported that they were atheists, the figures for a 2010 Eurobarometer survey in the European Union reported that 20% of the EU population claimed not to believe in any sort of spirit, God or life force. Atheism has been regarded as compatible with agnosticism, and has also been contrasted with it, a variety of categories have been used to distinguish the different forms of atheism. Some of the ambiguity and controversy involved in defining atheism arises from difficulty in reaching a consensus for the definitions of words like deity, the plurality of wildly different conceptions of God and deities leads to differing ideas regarding atheisms applicability. The ancient Romans accused Christians of being atheists for not worshiping the pagan deities, gradually, this view fell into disfavor as theism came to be understood as encompassing belief in any divinity. Definitions of atheism also vary in the degree of consideration a person must put to the idea of gods to be considered an atheist, Atheism has sometimes been defined to include the simple absence of belief that any deities exist. This broad definition would include newborns and other people who have not been exposed to theistic ideas, as far back as 1772, Baron dHolbach said that All children are born Atheists, they have no idea of God. Similarly, George H. Smith suggested that, The man who is unacquainted with theism is an atheist because he does not believe in a god. This category would include the child with the conceptual capacity to grasp the issues involved. The fact that this child does not believe in god qualifies him as an atheist, ernest Nagel contradicts Smiths definition of atheism as merely absence of theism, acknowledging only explicit atheism as true atheism

28.
Mark Twain
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Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. Among his novels are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain was raised in Hannibal, Missouri, which later provided the setting for Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. He served an apprenticeship with a printer and then worked as a typesetter and he later became a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River before heading west to join Orion in Nevada. He referred humorously to his lack of success at mining, turning to journalism for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, the short story brought international attention and was even translated into classic Greek. His wit and satire, in prose and in speech, earned praise from critics and peers, and he was a friend to presidents, artists, industrialists, and European royalty. He filed for bankruptcy in the wake of financial setbacks. He chose to pay all his creditors in full, even though he had no legal responsibility to do so. Twain was born shortly after an appearance of Halleys Comet, and he predicted that he would go out with it as well and he was lauded as the greatest American humorist of his age, and William Faulkner called him the father of American literature. His parents met when his father moved to Missouri, and they were married in 1823, Twain was of Cornish, English, and Scots-Irish descent. Only three of his siblings survived childhood, Orion, Henry, and Pamela and his sister Margaret died when Twain was three, and his brother Benjamin died three years later. His brother Pleasant died at six months of age, slavery was legal in Missouri at the time, and it became a theme in these writings. His father was an attorney and judge, but he died of pneumonia in 1847, the next year, Twain left school after the fifth grade to become a printers apprentice. In 1851, he working as a typesetter, contributing articles and humorous sketches to the Hannibal Journal. He educated himself in libraries in the evenings, finding wider information than at a conventional school. Twain describes his boyhood in Life on the Mississippi, stating there was but one permanent ambition among his comrades. Pilot was the grandest position of all, the pilot, even in those days of trivial wages, had a princely salary – from a hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty dollars a month, and no board to pay. As Twain describes it, the pilots prestige exceeded that of the captain, bixby took Twain on as a cub pilot to teach him the river between New Orleans and St. Louis for $500, payable out of Twains first wages after graduating. It was more than two years before he received his pilots license, piloting gave also him his pen name from mark twain, the leadsmans cry for a measured river depth of two fathoms, which was safe water for a steamboat

29.
Jesse James
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Jesse Woodson James was an American outlaw, guerrilla, gang leader, bank robber, train robber, and murderer from the Little Dixie area of western Missouri. He was the most famous member of the James-Younger Gang, Jesse and his brother Frank James were Confederate guerrillas or bushwhackers during the Civil War. They were accused of participating in atrocities committed against Union soldiers, after the war, as members of various gangs of outlaws, they robbed banks, stagecoaches, and trains. They continued in crime for several years, recruiting new members, on April 3,1882, Jesse James was killed by Robert Ford, a young member of his gang who hoped to collect a reward on James head. Already a celebrity in life, James became a figure of the Wild West after his death. Despite popular portrayals of James as an embodiment of Robin Hood, robbing from the rich and giving to the poor, there is no evidence that he and his gang shared any loot from their robberies. Jesse Woodson James was born in Clay County, Missouri, near the site of present-day Kearney and this area of Missouri was settled by many people from the Upper South, especially Kentucky and Tennessee. It became known as Little Dixie for this reason, Jesse James had two full siblings, his elder brother, Alexander Franklin Frank James, and a younger sister, Susan Lavenia James. His father, Robert S. James, farmed commercial hemp in Kentucky and was a Baptist minister before coming to Missouri, after he married, he migrated to Bradford, Missouri, where he helped found William Jewell College in Liberty. He was prosperous, acquiring six slaves and more than 100 acres of farmland, Robert James traveled to California during the Gold Rush to minister to those searching for gold, he died there when Jesse was three years old. After Robert Jamess death, his widow Zerelda remarried twice, first to Benjamin Simms in 1852 and then in 1855 to Dr. Reuben Samuel, Jesses mother and Reuben Samuel had four children together, Sarah Louisa, John Thomas, Fannie Quantrell, and Archie Peyton Samuel. Zerelda and Reuben Samuel acquired a total of seven slaves, who served mainly as farmhands in tobacco cultivation, the approach of the American Civil War loomed large in the James-Samuel household. Missouri was a state, sharing characteristics of both North and South, but 75% of the population was from the South or other border states. Clay County was in a region of Missouri later dubbed Little Dixie, farmers raised the same crops and livestock as in the areas they migrated from. They brought slaves with them and purchased more according to their needs, the county counted more slaveholders, who held more slaves, than other regions of the state. Aside from slavery, the culture of Little Dixie was Southern in other ways as well and this influenced how the population acted during and for a period of time after the American Civil War. In Missouri as a whole, slaves accounted for only 10 percent of the population, numerous people from Missouri migrated to Kansas to try to influence its future. Much of the tension that led up to the Civil War centered on the violence erupted in Kansas between pro- and anti-slavery militias

Jesse James
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Jesse James c. 1882
Jesse James
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Jesse James Farm in Kearney
Jesse James
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Jesse James (unknown date)
Jesse James
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Site at 1318 Lafayette Street, where James was killed. To the right is the top of Patee House, where his widow Zerelda stayed after his death. His house was subsequently moved to the Belt Highway and later to its current location on the Patee House grounds.

30.
Key Club
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Key Club International, founded in 1925, is the oldest and one of the largest service programs for high school students. Often referred to as simply Key Club, it is an organization whose goal is to encourage leadership through servicing others. Key Club International is a part of the Kiwanis International family of service-leadership programs, many local Key Clubs are sponsored by a local Kiwanis club. The organization was started by California State Commissioner of Schools Albert C, olney, and vocational education teacher Frank C. Vincent, who worked to establish the first Key Club at Sacramento High School in California. Female students were first admitted in 1977, ten years before women were admitted to the sponsoring organization, in 2002 Key Club officially adopted caring, character building, inclusiveness, and leadership as the core values of the organization. This tradition is followed through the development of the Major Emphasis. Children, Their Future, Our Focus is Key Club Internationals Major Emphasis theme, officially, any project conducted by members or clubs that serve needy children locally or globally is considered a project of the Major Emphasis. The three preferred charities of Key Club International are paramount to the success in serving children. Fund for UNICEF, March of Dimes, and Children’s Miracle Network Hospitals, Key Clubs contribute to a global organizational total of more than 12 million hours of hands-on service and millions of dollars donated to the aforementioned partners and other programs. Recently, the Kiwanis International has dedicated itself to eliminating the risk of Maternal/Neonatal Tetanus from the face of the earth, the disease plagues mothers and newborns in 40 countries worldwide, and while an effective vaccine has been developed, MNT claims nearly 100,000 lives each year. The Service Initiative is a program encouraging hands-on service to children aimed towards a common goal and it is changed every two years by the International Board of Trustees. The 2006–2008 Service Initiative was High Five for Health and it is aimed at reducing childhood obesity and fighting a rising trend that appears to increase the risk of diabetes and heart disease. The 2008–2010 Service Initiative is Live 2 Learn and it is focused on 5-to-9-year-old youth, with the main goals of promoting education and building literary skills. In 2011, the Service Initiative concept was abolished by a vote of the Key Club International Board, during the first week of November, known as Kiwanis Family Month, Key Clubs worldwide celebrate Key Club Week. In seven days, Key Clubs are encouraged to grow and serve through themed days like Show Your K in Every Way, Konnect the Ks, Kudos to the Key Players, the Key Club District organization is patterned after the original Florida District and its parent Kiwanis districts. Key Club exists on more than 5,000 high school campuses, primarily in the United States and it has grown internationally to the Caribbean nations, Central and South America, and most recently to Asia and Australia. Lucia, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, the United Arab Emirates, Key Club International is an organization of individual Key Clubs and is funded by nominal dues paid by every member

Key Club
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Key Club International

31.
Forensics (public speaking)
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Public speaking is the process or act of performing a speech to a live audience. This type of speech is deliberately structured with three general purposes, to inform, to persuade and to entertain, Public speaking is commonly understood as formal, face-to-face speaking of a single person to a group of listeners. It is closely related to presenting, but presenting is more associated with commercial activity. There are 1 million basic elements of public speaking that are described in Lasswells model of communication, in short, the speaker should be answering the question who says what in which channel to whom with what effect. Public speaking can serve the purpose of transmitting information, telling a story, Public speaking can also take the form of a discourse community, in which the audience and speaker use discourse to achieve a common goal. Public speaking for business and commercial events is often done by professionals and these speakers can be contracted independently, through representation by a speakers bureau, or by other means. Public speaking plays a role in the professional world, in fact. Although there is evidence of public speech training in ancient Egypt and this work elaborated on principles drawn from the practices and experiences of ancient Greek orators. Aristotle was one of the first recorded teachers of oratory to use definitive rules and his emphasis on oratory lead to oration becoming an essential part of a liberal arts education during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The classical antiquity works written by the ancient Greeks capture the ways they taught, in classical Greece and Rome, rhetoric was the main component of composition and speech delivery, both of which were critical skills for citizens to be able to use in public and private life. In ancient Greece, citizens spoke on their own rather than having professionals, like modern lawyers. Any citizen who wished to succeed in court, in politics or in life had to learn techniques of public speaking. Rhetorical tools were first taught by a group of teachers called Sophists who are notable for teaching paying students how to speak effectively using the methods they developed. Separately from the Sophists, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle all developed their own theories of public speaking, Plato and Aristotle taught these principles in schools that they founded, The Academy and The Lyceum, respectively. Although Greece eventually lost political sovereignty, the Greek culture of training in speaking was adopted almost identically by the Romans. In the political rise of the Roman Republic, Roman orators copied and modified the ancient Greek techniques of public speaking, instruction in rhetoric developed into a full curriculum, including instruction in grammar, preliminary exercises, and preparation of public speeches in both forensic and deliberative genres. The Latin style of rhetoric was heavily influenced by Cicero and involved a strong emphasis on an education in all areas of humanistic study in the liberal arts. Other areas of study included the use of wit and humor, the appeal to the emotions

32.
University of Missouri
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The University of Missouri is a public land-grant research university located in Columbia, Missouri, U. S. It was founded in 1839 as the first public institution of higher education west of the Mississippi River, as the largest university in the state, it enrolled 32,777 students in 2016, offering over 300 degree programs in 19 academic colleges in the 2014–2015 school year. It is the campus of the University of Missouri System, which also maintains campuses in Kansas City, Rolla. MU is one of the nations top-tier R1 institutions and one of the 34 public universities to be members of the Association of American Universities, there are more than 300,000 MU alumni living worldwide with over one half continuing to reside in Missouri. The university was ranked 103rd among national universities in the 2016 U. S. News & World Report rankings, starting in December 1953, it boasts the countrys only university-owned TV network affiliate, operated by the Missouri School of Journalism. In 1908, the worlds first school of journalism was founded by Walter Williams as the Missouri School of Journalism, the University of Missouri Research Reactor Center is the worlds most powerful university research reactor. MU is one of six public universities in the United States with a school of medicine, veterinary medicine, engineering, agriculture. The university also owns the University of Missouri Health Care system, the only athletic program that operates a NCAA Division I FBS football team in Missouri is known as the Missouri Tigers and competes as a member of the Southeastern Conference. The schools mascot, Truman the Tiger, is named after Missourian, according to the NCAA, the American tradition of homecoming was established at the university in 1911, the tradition has since been adopted nationwide. In 1839, the Missouri Legislature passed the Geyer Act to establish funds for a state university and it would be the first public university west of the Mississippi River. To secure the university, the citizens of Columbia and Boone County pledged $117,921 in cash, the land on which the university was eventually constructed was just south of Columbias downtown and owned by James S. Rollins. He was later called the Father of the University, as the first public university in the Louisiana Purchase, the school was shaped by Thomas Jeffersons ideas about public education. In 1862 the American Civil War forced the university to close for much of the year, residents of Columbia formed a home guard militia that became known as the Fighting Tigers of Columbia. They were given the name for their readiness to protect the city and university, in 1890, the universitys newly formed football team took the name the Tigers after the Civil War militia. In 1870 the institution was granted land-grant college status under the Morrill Act of 1862, the act led to the founding of the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy as an offshoot of the main campus in Columbia. It developed as the present-day Missouri University of Science and Technology, in 1888 the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station opened. This grew to encompass ten centers and research farms around Missouri, by 1890 the university encompassed a normal college, engineering college, arts and science college, school of agriculture and mechanical arts. School of medicine, and school of law, on January 9,1892, Academic Hall, the institutions main building, burned in a fire that completely gutted the building, leaving little more standing than six stone Ionic columns

University of Missouri
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Fire at Academic Hall, 1892
University of Missouri
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University of Missouri
University of Missouri
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Painting of the Red Campus soon after the construction of Jesse Hall
University of Missouri
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Francis Quadrangle, featuring the columns and Jesse Hall

33.
No Way Out (1987 film)
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No Way Out is a 1987 American political thriller drama film. It stars Kevin Costner, Gene Hackman, and Sean Young, will Patton, Howard Duff, George Dzundza, Jason Bernard, Fred Thompson and Iman appear in supporting roles. The film is a remake of The Big Clock, both films are based on Kenneth Fearings 1946 novel The Big Clock. Filming locations included Baltimore, Annapolis, Arlington, Washington, D. C. and Auckland, the film features original music by Academy Award-winning composer Maurice Jarre. In a suburban house, U. S. Navy Lieutenant Commander Tom Farrell is asked by two men about how he first met Secretary of Defense David Brice. In a flashback, Farrell is invited to a ball by his college buddy Scott Pritchard. Pritchard, Brices General Counsel, hopes that Brice will transfer Farrell to the Pentagon, on meeting Farrell, Brice is unimpressed and virtually ignores him. Moments later, Farrell begins flirting with another guest, Susan Atwell, the two make love in her limousine and begin a secret relationship, even though she admits to also being involved with a married man. Farrell returns to sea and rescues a crewman from being washed overboard during a storm, Brice reads a newspaper story about the rescue and orders Farrell transferred to his intelligence staff. After Susan and Farrell return from a weekend, her married lover - Secretary Brice - arrives at her door. After urging a hurt and jealous Farrell to leave through the back door, Brice sees a man leaving Susans house but cannot see that it was Farrell. After Susan lets him in, an enraged Brice demands to know the name of her other lover, Brice resists, and ultimately pushes Susan to her death over an upstairs railing. After calling Pritchard, Brice is ready to turn himself in, but Pritchard suggests that if the other man was made out to be a suspected KGB sleeper agent code-named Yuri, then the other mans elimination could be made a matter of national security. Pritchard cleans Susans house of all evidence that Brice was there, the negative shows a very poor, unidentifiable image of a man. Unaware that Farrell was in a relationship with Susan, Brice orders him to find and arrest Yuri, Farrell is told that the city police have not been informed, and that CID officers, commanded by Major Donovan, have been assigned to conduct the investigation. Meanwhile, to protect his concocted story, Pritchard sends two former CIA assassins to eliminate everyone who knew of Brices affair with Susan, beginning with her girlfriends. Attempts to enhance the photo negative begin to bear fruit due to Sam Hesselman, meanwhile, Farrell sets out to conclusively link Brice to Susan by searching computer files for evidence that Brice gave her a Government-registered gift from the Moroccan Foreign Minister. Needing more time, Farrell convinces Hesselman to delay the work on the photograph, CID officers bring two witnesses to Donovan who have seen Yuri with Susan during their romantic weekend

No Way Out (1987 film)
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Theatrical release poster

34.
Less Than Zero (film)
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Less Than Zero is a 1987 American drama film very loosely based on Bret Easton Ellis novel of the same name. The film stars Andrew McCarthy as Clay, a college freshman returning home for Christmas to spend time with his ex-girlfriend Blair and his friend Julian, the film presents a look at the culture of wealthy, decadent youth in Los Angeles. Less Than Zero received mixed reviews among critics, Ellis hated the film initially but his view of it later softened. He insists that the film bears no resemblance to his novel and felt that it was miscast with the exceptions of Downey and James Spader. Clay Easton is a college freshman on the east coast. His high school girlfriend, Blair, has become addicted to cocaine and has been having sex with his high school best friend, Julian, whose life has gone downhill after his startup record company falls apart, has become a drug addict. Hes also been cut off by his family for stealing to support his habit, Julian is also being hassled by his dealer, an old classmate named Rip, for a debt of $50,000 that he owes to him. Clays relationship with Blair rekindles and Julians behavior becomes more volatile and his addiction is worsening and since he does not have the money to pay off his debt, Rip forces him to become a prostitute to work off the debt. After suffering through a night of withdrawal and hiding from Rip, Julian decides to quit and he then tells Rip the next day his plans for sobriety, which Rip does not believe, Rip lures Julian back into doing drugs and hooking. However, the damage has already been done, the next morning Julian dies from heart failure in the car, after Julians funeral, Clay and Blair are sitting on a cemetery bench reminiscing about him. Clay then tells Blair he is going back east and wants her to go with him and we see the snapshot of the three of them at graduation—the last time all three of them were ever happy together. Andrew McCarthy as Clay Easton Jami Gertz as Blair Robert Downey, the purchase was sponsored by Scott Rudin and Larry Mark, Vice Presidents of Production. The book went on to become a best seller but the producers had to create a coherent story and change Clay and they also eliminated his bisexuality and casual drug use. Worth hired Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Michael Cristofer to write the screenplay and he stuck close to the tone of the novel and had Clay take some drugs but did not make him bisexual. The studio felt that Cristofers script was too harsh for a commercial film, Fox then assigned the film to producer Jon Avnet who had made Risky Business. He felt that Cristofers script was so depressing and degrading, Avnet instead wanted to transform a very extreme situation into a sentimental story about warmth, caring and tenderness in an atmosphere hostile to those kinds of emotions. Studio executives and Avnet argued over the amount of decadence depicted in the film that would not alienate audiences, Larry Gordon, President of Fox, and who had approved the purchase of the book, was replaced by Alan Horn who was then replaced by Leonard Goldberg. Goldberg found the material distasteful but Barry Diller, the Chairman of Fox, harley Peyton was hired to write the script and completed three drafts

Less Than Zero (film)
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Theatrical release poster

35.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown

36.
Another World (TV series)
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Another World is an American television soap opera that ran on NBC for 35 years from May 4,1964, to June 25,1999. It was created by Irna Phillips along with William J. Bell, Another World focused less on the conventional drama of domestic life as seen in other soap operas, and more on exotic melodrama between families of different classes and philosophies. In 1964, Another World was the first soap opera to talk about abortion when such subjects were taboo. It was the first soap opera to do a crossover, with the character of Mike Bauer from Guiding Light and it was also the first to expand to one hour, then to ninety minutes, and then back to an hour. It was the first soap to launch two spin-offs, Somerset and Texas, as well as an one, Lovers and Friends. Another World was also the first soap opera with a song to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, Another World by Crystal Gayle and Gary Morris. On April 12,1999, NBC announced it was canceling Another World with its final episode on the airing on June 25,1999. NBC replaced Another World with another opera, Passions, on July 5,1999. Irna Phillips envisioned Another World as a spin-off of her soap opera As the World Turns. Phillips instead sold the show to NBC, removing references to ATWTs Oakdale, despite the severed connections to As the World Turns, the name Another World remained, as a reference to its origins. Expectations were so high that Another World had six weeks of commercial time sold in advance, after opening with a death in the core Matthews family, Irna planned to follow up with an out-of-wedlock pregnancy, a septic abortion, a shooting, and murder trial. As Allen M. Potter explained, Irna just didnt want to take a chance on waiting for the ratings and she felt that with this kind of showy story she could build an audience more quickly. Said Tom Donovan, In construction, Irna was attempting to follow the structure of As the World Turns, Irna would never conceive of a story not based on a family. The first episode was the aftermath of the funeral of wealthy William Matthews and his widow, Liz, did not like his working-class brother, Jim, or his family. The fights between upper-class Liz and her middle-class in-laws started the show, as the 60s went on, the lives and loves of Jims children, Russ, Alice, and Pat, took center stage. Jims wife, Mary, usually intervened when there was a crisis, in the first year, the show had a controversial storyline involving Pat having an illegal abortion after becoming pregnant. This was the first time that American television had covered the subject, in the story, the abortion made her sterile, and the shock from the news caused her to find her ex-boyfriend, Tom Baxter, and shoot him in cold blood. Pat was eventually brought to trial and acquitted and she then fell in love with and married her lawyer, John Randolph

Another World (TV series)
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Another World
Another World (TV series)
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Another World ‍‍ '​‍s most-well-known title sequence, seen from June 1966 to September 4, 1981, making it one of the longest-running continuous title sequences on television.
Another World (TV series)
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Steve and Alice are married, 1971.
Another World (TV series)
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The marriage of Mac and Rachel. Ralph Camargo, the actor who played the justice of the peace, is the real-life father of Victoria Wyndham (Rachel). This was the first time father and daughter had acted together.

37.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate

American Broadcasting Company
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ABC's corporate headquarters are located at 77 West 66th Street, on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City.
American Broadcasting Company
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American Broadcasting Company
American Broadcasting Company
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Edward Noble, founder of ABC
American Broadcasting Company
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In 2002, dancers and other cast members from the 32-year run of American Bandstand reunited with host Dick Clark to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the show's local television debut.

38.
Growing Pains
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Growing Pains is an American television sitcom that aired on ABC from September 24,1985, to April 25,1992. The show ran for seven seasons, consisting of 166 episodes, the Seaver family resides at 15 Robin Hood Lane in Massapequa, Long Island, New York. However, other sources claim Huntington, Long Island, New York, dr. Jason Seaver, a psychiatrist, works from home because his wife, Maggie, has gone back to work as a reporter. Jason has to care of the kids, ladies man Mike, bookish honors student Carol. A fourth child, Chrissy Seaver, is born in October 1988, in the middle of season four, she was first played in her infant stage by an uncredited set of twin sisters. Then, by five, she was played in her toddler stage by alternating twins Kristen. In seasons six and seven, Chrissys age was advanced to six years old, by the seventh and final season, homeless teen Luke Brower is brought into the Seaver family to live with them nearly until the end of season seven. The season one main opening features various works of art and vintage photography depicting family life, the opening credits from seasons two through five features an opening shot of the cast in front of the Seaver house exterior. This is followed by a series of photos of each cast member from their childhood onward ending with a clip from the show, the credits closed with another shot of the cast in front of the Seaver house before they all run inside. Starting in the season, several different versions of the opening sequence were filmed. Whoever was the last to go into the house would usually be the focus of that weeks episode, the opening used in seasons six and seven featured opening and shot of the mantle on the Seavers fireplace panning over photos of the cast. The photos of the cast from childhood remained but instead of clips from the show, the shows theme song is As Long as Weve Got Each Other, which was written and composed by John Bettis and Steve Dorff. It was performed by, B. J. Thomas, season 1 B. J. Thomas & Jennifer Warnes, seasons 2,3,5, a shorter version of the Thomas/Warnes version was used starting in season five. A full-length version by Thomas and Springfield was released as a single in 1988, a soundtrack was released in 1988 titled Steve Dorff and Friends, Growing Pains and Other Hit TV Themes. J. Thomas Kirk Cameron was once an atheist, but when he was 17, during the height of his career on Growing Pains, after converting to Christianity, he began to insist that story lines be stripped of anything he thought too adult or racy. The biggest consequence of Camerons conversion to Christianity was the firing of actress Julie McCullough who had landed the role of nanny Julie Costello in 1989. McCulloughs character appeared in eight episodes of the show before she was fired at Camerons insistence and replaced on the show by Camerons real-life girlfriend, Cameron objected to and was outraged at McCulloughs having posed nude in Playboy, and accused the shows producers of promoting pornography. Rather laugh with the sinners than cry with the saints, the sinners are much more fun

Growing Pains
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The original cast of Growing Pains (from left to right), Alan Thicke as Jason, Joanna Kerns as Maggie, Jeremy Miller as Ben, Kirk Cameron as Mike, and Tracey Gold as Carol Seaver

39.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time

CBS
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Paley's management saw a twentyfold increase in gross income in his first decade.
CBS
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Wholesome Kate Smith, Paley's choice for La Palina Hour, was unthreatening to home and hearth
CBS
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When Charlie Chaplin finally allowed the world to hear his voice after 20 years of mime, he chose CBS's airwaves to do it on.
CBS
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CBS west coast headquarters reflected its industry stature while hosting its top Hollywood talent.

40.
Dallas (1978 TV series)
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Dallas is an American prime time television soap opera that aired on CBS from April 2,1978, to May 3,1991. The series revolves around a wealthy and feuding Texan family, the Ewings, who own the independent oil company Ewing Oil, the series originally focused on the marriage of Bobby Ewing and Pamela Barnes, whose families were sworn enemies with each other. As the series progressed, oil tycoon J. R. Ewing grew to be the main character, whose schemes. When the show ended in May 1991, J. R. was the character to have appeared in every episode. The show was famous for its cliffhangers, including the Who shot J. R. mystery, the 1980 episode Who Done It remains the second highest rated prime-time telecast ever. The show also featured a Dream Season, in which the entirety of the season was revealed to have been a dream of Pam Ewing. After 14 seasons, the series finale Conundrum aired in 1991, the show had a relatively ensemble cast. The series won four Emmy Awards, including a 1980 Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series win for Bel Geddes. With its 357 episodes, Dallas remains one of the longest lasting full-hour primetime dramas in American TV history, behind Law & Order, Special Victims Unit, Bonanza, Law & Order, in 2007 Dallas was included in TIME magazines list of 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME. Dallas also spawned the spin-off series Knots Landing in 1979 which also lasted 14 seasons, in 2010, TNT announced it had ordered a new, updated continuation of Dallas. The revival series, continuing the story of the Ewing family, premiered on TNT on June 13,2012, Dallas debuted on April 2,1978, as a five-part miniseries on the CBS network. The first five episodes, originally considered a miniseries, are now referred to as season one—making fourteen seasons in total, the show is known for its portrayal of wealth, sex, intrigue, and power struggles. Ellies family were—in contrast to Jock—ranchers, with love for the land. Following the marriage of Ellie and Jock, the Southworth family ranch, Southfork, became the Ewings home, where Jock and Miss Ellie raised three sons, J. R. Gary and Bobby. Middle son Gary was Ellies favorite as he displayed Southworth traits, however, while still young, Gary had married waitress Valene Clements, who produced the first heir, the petite and saucy Lucy. Years prior to the beginning, J. R. had driven Gary and Valene off Southfork. During the first episodes of the series, the teenaged Lucy is seen sleeping with ranch foreman Ray Krebbs. Later, in four, Ray would be revealed as Lucys uncle

41.
Fox Broadcasting Company
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The Fox Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. It is the third largest major network in the world based on total revenues, assets. Launched on October 9,1986 as a competitor to the Big Three television networks, Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets, although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U. S. network. Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U. S, the network is named after sister company 20th Century Fox, and indirectly for producer William Fox, who founded one of the movie studios predecessors, Fox Film. Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters, 20th Century Fox had been involved in television production as early as the 1950s, producing several syndicated programs. Following the demise of the DuMont Television Network in August of that year after it became mired in financial problems. 20th Century Fox would also produce original content for the NTA network, KTTV in Los Angeles, KRIV in Houston, WFLD-TV in Chicago, and KRLD-TV in Dallas. In October 1985, 20th Century Fox announced its intentions to form a television network that would compete with ABC, CBS. The plans were to use the combination of the Fox studios, organizational plans for the network were held off until the Metromedia acquisitions cleared regulatory hurdles. Then, in December 1985, Rupert Murdoch agreed to pay $325 million to acquire the remaining equity in TCF Holdings from his original partner, Marvin Davis. These first six stations, then broadcasting to a reach of 22% of the nations households. Except for KDAF, all of the original owned-and-operated stations are part of the Fox network today. Like the core O&O group, Foxs affiliate body consisted of independent stations. The Fox Broadcasting Company launched at 11,00 p. m. Eastern and its inaugural program was a late-night talk show, The Late Show, which was hosted by comedian Joan Rivers. By early 1987, Rivers quit The Late Show after disagreements with the network over the creative direction. The network expanded its programming into prime time on April 5,1987, with Children and the sketch comedy series The Tracey Ullman Show. Fox added one new show per week over the several weeks, with the drama 21 Jump Street. On July 11, the network rolled out its Saturday night schedule with the premiere of the drama series Werewolf

Fox Broadcasting Company
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Fox Broadcasting Company

42.
21 Jump Street
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21 Jump Street is an American police procedural television series that aired on the Fox network and in first run syndication from April 12,1987, to April 27,1991, with a total of 103 episodes. The series focuses on a squad of youthful-looking undercover police officers investigating crimes in schools, colleges. Created by Patrick Hasburgh and Stephen J. Cannell, the series was produced by Patrick Hasburgh Productions, executive Producers included Hasburgh, Cannell, Steve Beers and Bill Nuss. The show was a hit for the fledgling Fox network. The final season aired in first-run syndication mainly on local Fox affiliates and it was later rerun on the FX cable network from 1996 to 1998. The series provided a spark to Johnny Depps nascent acting career, Depp found this status irritating, but he continued on the series under his contract and was paid $45,000 per episode. Eventually he was released from his contract after the fourth season, a spin-off series, Booker, was produced for the character of Dennis Booker, it ran one season, from September 1989 to June 1990. A film adaptation directed by Phil Lord and Chris Miller was released on March 16,2012, the film is set in the same chronology as the series, with Johnny Depp, Holly Robinson and Peter DeLuise reprising their characters in cameo appearances. Richard Grieco and Dustin Nguyen also have cameos in the 2014 film sequel 22 Jump Street, the series focuses on a group of police officers headquartered at the eponymous address. These officers are all young and have especially youthful appearances, which allows them to pass for teenagers and their assignments generally consist of undercover work in high schools or, less commonly, colleges, where they generally investigate drug trafficking and abuse. The shows plots cover issues such as alcoholism, hate crimes, drug abuse, homophobia, AIDS, child abuse, similarly, each problem is often solved by the end of the hour-long episode, giving an implicit moral about the impact of a particular activity. When the show aired, some episodes were followed immediately by public service announcements featuring cast members. He was replaced after the pilot episode was filmed. Midway through the first season, Frederic Forrest was replaced by Steven Williams, on the show, Forrests character Richard Jenko is killed by a drunk driver. Johnny Depp left the series at the end of the fourth season, set in a fictional city and state in the United States, the series was primarily filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia. It was one of the first major series to use Vancouver as a filming location. 21 Jump Street, along with Married, with Children and The Tracey Ullman Show, debuted in the spring of 1987. All three shows were hits with audiences and helped to establish the then-newly launched Fox network,21 Jump Street was the first hit series for the Fox network

21 Jump Street
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Richard Grieco appears in two shows of season four and is used on the season's DVD cover.
21 Jump Street
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21 Jump Street

43.
The Dark Side of the Sun (film)
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Director Božidar Nikolić picked Brad Pitt out of 400 candidates for the main role. Brad Pitt was very happy for the pick and was only paid $1523 for seven weeks of filming in 1988, nikolic said that film was then shelved due to lack of entertainment value. The movie was released directly to video in 1997, Rick is a young American who suffers of a rare skin disease which prevents him from exposing himself to any kind of light, especially sunlight. After having tried several cures without success, his father takes him to a village in Yugoslavia where they meet a healer, but the treatment does not work and Rick decides to forget about his illness and enjoy life, feeling the sun on his skin for the first time. In the short time he has left a young American actress enters his life

The Dark Side of the Sun (film)
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The Dark Side of the Sun

44.
Adriatic Sea
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The Adriatic Sea /ˌeɪdriˈætᵻk/ is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula and the Apennine Mountains from the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto to the northwest, the countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro and Slovenia. The Adriatic contains over 1,300 islands, mostly located along its eastern, Croatian and it is divided into three basins, the northern being the shallowest and the southern being the deepest, with a maximum depth of 1,233 metres. The Otranto Sill, a ridge, is located at the border between the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. The prevailing currents flow counterclockwise from the Strait of Otranto, along the eastern coast, tidal movements in the Adriatic are slight, although larger amplitudes are known to occur occasionally. The Adriatics salinity is lower than the Mediterraneans because the Adriatic collects a third of the water flowing into the Mediterranean. The surface water temperatures range from 30 °C in summer to 12 °C in winter. The Adriatic Sea sits on the Apulian or Adriatic Microplate, which separated from the African Plate in the Mesozoic era, the plates movement contributed to the formation of the surrounding mountain chains and Apennine tectonic uplift after its collision with the Eurasian plate. In the Late Oligocene, the Apennine Peninsula first formed, separating the Adriatic Basin from the rest of the Mediterranean, all types of sediment are found in the Adriatic, with the bulk of the material transported by the Po and other rivers on the western coast. The western coast is alluvial or terraced, while the eastern coast is indented with pronounced karstification. There are dozens of protected areas in the Adriatic, designed to protect the seas karst habitats. The sea is abundant in flora and fauna—more than 7,000 species are identified as native to the Adriatic, many of them endemic, rare and threatened ones. The Adriatics shores are populated by more than 3.5 million people, the earliest settlements on the Adriatic shores were Etruscan, Illyrian, and Greek. By the 2nd century BC, the shores were under Romes control, following Italian unification, the Kingdom of Italy started an eastward expansion that lasted until the 20th century. Following World War I and the collapse of Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, the former disintegrated during the 1990s, resulting in four new states on the Adriatic coast. Italy and Albania agreed on their maritime boundary in 1992, Fisheries and tourism are significant sources of income all along the Adriatic coast. Adriatic Croatias tourism industry has grown faster economically than the rest of the Adriatic Basins, maritime transport is also a significant branch of the areas economy—there are 19 seaports in the Adriatic that each handle more than a million tonnes of cargo per year. The largest Adriatic seaport by annual cargo turnover is the Port of Trieste, in the southeast, the Adriatic Sea connects to the Ionian Sea at the 72-kilometre wide Strait of Otranto

45.
Croatian War of Independence
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In Croatia, the war is primarily referred to as the Homeland War and also as the Greater-Serbian Aggression. In Serbian sources, War in Croatia and War in Krajina are used, Croatia declared independence on 25 June 1991, but agreed to postpone it with the Brioni Agreement and cut all remaining ties with Yugoslavia on 8 October 1991. The JNA initially tried to keep Croatia within Yugoslavia by occupying all of Croatia, after this failed, Serb forces established the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina within Croatia. During that time, the RSK encompassed 13,913 square kilometers, in 1995, Croatia launched two major offensives known as Operation Flash and Operation Storm, which would effectively end the war in its favor. The remaining United Nations Transitional Authority for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja, the war ended with Croatian victory, as it achieved the goals it had declared at the beginning of the war, independence and preservation of its borders. 21–25% of Croatias economy was ruined, with an estimated US$37 billion in damaged infrastructure, lost output, a total of 20,000 people were killed in the war, and refugees were displaced on both sides. The Serb and Croatian governments began to cooperate with each other but tension remains, in part due to verdicts by the ICTY. Between 2008 and 2012, the ICTY had prosecuted Croatian generals Ante Gotovina, Mladen Markač, Čermak was acquitted outright, and the convictions of Gotovina and Markač were later overturned by an ICTY Appeals Panel. The International Court of Justice dismissed Croatia and Serbia genocide claims in 2015, the Court reaffirmed that serious crimes against civilians had taken place, but ruled that specific genocidal intent was not present. From 1967 to 1972 in Croatia and 1968 and 1981 protests in Kosovo, nationalist doctrines, the suppression by the state of nationalists is believed to have had the effect of identifying nationalism as the primary alternative to communism itself and made it a strong underground movement. A crisis emerged in Yugoslavia with the weakening of the Communist states in Eastern Europe towards the end of the Cold War, in Yugoslavia, the national communist party, officially called the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, had lost its ideological potency. SR Slovenia and SR Croatia wanted to move towards decentralization, the rhetoric was approved by the Serbian political leadership, and accused the Croatian leadership of being blindly nationalistic when it objected. In 1989, political parties were allowed and a number of them had been founded, including the Croatian Democratic Union, led by Franjo Tuđman, who later became the first president of Croatia. In January 1990, the League of Communists broke up on ethnic lines, with the Croatian, at the congress, Serbian delegates accused the Croatian and Slovene delegates of supporting separatism, terrorism and genocide in Kosovo. The Croatian and Slovene delegations, including most of their ethnic Serb members, eventually left in protest, January 1990 also marked the beginning of court cases being brought to Yugoslavias Constitutional Court on the matter of secession. The first was the Slovenian Constitutional Amendments case after Slovenia claimed the right to unilateral secession pursuant to the right of self-determination, the Constitutional Court ruled that secession from the federation was only permitted if there was the unanimous agreement of Yugoslavias republics and autonomous provinces. On 4 March 1990,50,000 Serbs rallied at Petrova Gora, and shouted negative remarks aimed at Tuđman, chanted This is Serbia, the first free elections in Croatia and Slovenia were scheduled for a few months later. The first round of elections in Croatia were held on 22 April, the HDZ based its campaign on greater sovereignty for Croatia, fueling a sentiment among Croats that only the HDZ could protect Croatia from the aspirations of Milošević towards a Greater Serbia

46.
Happy Together (1989 American film)
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Happy Together is a 1989 American romantic comedy film directed by Mel Damski, and stars Patrick Dempsey and Helen Slater. Christopher is a very serious minded young man, enrolling into college as a freshman he finds his roommate is someone named Alex. Alex, however, is not male but female and the two have placed together by a computer error. Christopher finds the pairing intolerable and tries his best to another place to live. The dorms are full and he is resigned, at least for the time being, Alex, a seemingly extroverted party girl, shows little interest in academics and treats Christopher as if he is simply an annoyance to be brushed aside whenever need be. As fate intervenes, the two begin to realize that they do like one another after all which manifests itself into a sexual relationship wherein each finds a need filled by the other

Happy Together (1989 American film)
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Happy Together

47.
Cutting Class
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Cutting Class is a 1989 American dark comedy slasher film directed by Rospo Pallenberg and written by Steve Slavkin. The film was Brad Pitts first major role, the plot revolves around the return of Brian Woods, a problem teen. He has just been released from a hospital, he was admitted after the suspicious death of his father. He falls in love with classmate Paula Carson, but the basketball star Dwight Ingalls is already Paulas boyfriend. Meanwhile, the school principal also seeks Paulas affections. Then horrible murders start happening with no one certain of the identity of the culprit, the film opens with a paperboy delivering newspapers. A paper is delivered to Paula Carsons house, Paula is approached by her father, Bill, who is an attorney, who has planned a hunting trip. He warns Paula to do her homework, not to allow boys in the house, Paula then puts the newspaper in the bin, showing its headline, Boy who killed father released from Mental Asylum. Bill Carson drives to the swamps for his hunting trip, as he takes shots into the air, someone is hiding nearby and holding a set of bows and arrows. The person calls over to Bill Carson and fires an arrow into him, Bill cries out and then falls down to the ground. Meanwhile, Dwight Ingalls enters class late after avoiding two accidents on his ride to school, Dwight is questioned by his teacher, Mr. Conklin, and a girl sitting next to Dwight whispers the answers to him. Dwight tells her to shut up when she teases Dwight for not knowing what H2O is, later, Colleen and Paula are taking out gym equipment. Paula walks past a set of bows and arrows and notices a leaf hanging off the arrow, Paula picks the leaf off and then eats it. Meanwhile, Brian is told to climb a rope by the P. E. coach, at a hot dog stand, Colleen, Paula, and Gary are waiting for Dwight. Brian approaches, and Colleen insults him before suggesting that Brian has a crush on Paula, Dwight then pulls up in his car and starts talking to Paula. He asks her to go to her house, as her father is away, Dwight then goes to buy Paula a hot dog, but he is beaten by Brian who hands her one and says, You had that look. When Dwight returns, he tells Paula to get in the car and makes it clear to Brian that they are not friends anymore and to leave him and they all then drive off in Dwights car. Brian and Paula nevertheless become friends, and she starts to trust him, Dwight warns her to stay away from him

Cutting Class
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Theatrical poster

48.
Head of the Class
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Head of the Class is an American sitcom that ran from 1986 to 1991 on the ABC television network. The series follows a group of gifted students in the Individualized Honors Program at the fictional Monroe High School in Manhattan, the program was ostensibly a vehicle for Hesseman, best known for his role as radio DJ Dr. Johnny Fever on the sitcom WKRP in Cincinnati. Hesseman left Head of the Class in 1990 and was replaced by Scottish personality Billy Connolly as teacher Billy MacGregor for the final season, after the series ended, Connolly appeared in a short-lived spin-off titled Billy. The series was created and executive produced by Rich Eustis and Michael Elias, Rich Eustis had previously worked as a New York City substitute teacher while hoping to become an actor. Head of the Class deals with a classroom of academically gifted high school students. The IHP students comprised a range of personalities, ethnicities. In the first three years of the show, the IHP class had ten students, Arvid Engen was a skinny, bespectacled nerd, mathematics expert and budding scientist. Arvids best friend was the overweight, wisecracking cynic Dennis Blunden, Alan Pinkard was an ultra-conservative preppy and egotist, his area of expertise was political science and he was a devout fan of Ronald Reagan. Alan competed for the highest grades in the class with Darlene Merriman, both Alan and Darlene held the ambition of being named class valedictorian. Sarah Nevins did not have any one area of expertise, she was the most down-to-earth of the IHP class. Maria Borges was very passionate about getting As, and Jawaharlal Choudhury was a student from India. Eleven-year-old Janice Lazarotto, despite her age, was in high school. Arts student Simone Foster was a quiet, sensitive redhead with a fondness for poetry. Eric hit constantly on Simone and the two eventually had an on-again-off-again romance, there was some turnover in the cast in seasons four and five. Janice left for Harvard, Maria went to Performing Arts High School, jones and Jasper Kwan, who had appeared as potential IHP members in earlier seasons, were eventually added to the program and the cast. Appearing as regulars throughout all five seasons were school staff members Dr. Harold Samuels, Dr. Samuels was the blustery, overweight principal of the school. Ms. Meara was Dr. Samuels’ level-headed administrative assistant, there was some romantic tension between her and Charlie, although this ultimately came to nothing, and later had a romantic friendship with Billy. In the series, the students often faced off against the rival Bronx High School of Science, also, in every season, the IHP students produced the school musical

Head of the Class
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Head of the Class

49.
Thirtysomething (TV series)
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Thirtysomething is an American television drama about American baby boomers who are now in their thirties. The title of the show was designed as thirtysomething by Kathie Broyles, although seen as an ensemble drama, the series revolves around husband and wife Michael Steadman and Hope Murdoch and their baby Janie. Michaels cousin is photographer Melissa Steadman who used to date his college friend Gary Shepherd Ph. D, Michaels business partner is Elliot Weston, who has a troubled marriage with his wife Nancy, a painter. Hopes childhood friend is the local politician Ellyn Warren, Michael Steadman and Hope Murdoch Steadman, Hope is from Philadelphia and Michael is from Chicago but remained in the area after he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania. Hope is a graduate of Princeton and a consumer affairs writer, after having their daughter Janie, she becomes a stay-at-home mother, initially giving up her writing. Later in the series, she returns to work but struggles with her role as a mother in the process, during a difficult period in her marriage, Hope contemplates having an affair with environmentalist John Dunaway. Michaels confrontation with her over this infatuation leads them to resolve their problems, Michael and Hope are also an interfaith couple, a fact that was referenced throughout the series. Michael, whose ambition was to be a writer, works in advertising with graphic designer Elliot. They first meet at the Bernstein Fox ad agency and then leave to form The Michael, when their company goes bankrupt, Michael and Elliot join the advertising corporation, DAA, run by Miles Drentell. Michaels relationship with Miles erodes his marriage with Hope who finally decides to accept a job in Washington D. C, at the time the show was cancelled, Michael decided to quit work altogether so that Hope could pursue her own interests. Elliot Weston and Nancy Krieger Weston, Elliot studied graphic design at RISD and his father Charlie is divorced from Elliots mother and now lives in California. Elliots sister Ruthie, who lives in Philadelphia and is married with two children, hasnt forgiven their father for leaving them. He works in the business with Michael. Nancy was also an Art major and is a mother to Ethan. Like Hope, she initially feels bored and unhappy in her role as a homemaker, after Elliot has an affair which lreds to their divorce, Nancy develops a career as a childrens book illustrator and author and begins to teach at a local art center. Elliot becomes jealous after she begins to date other men. Eventually, they rekindle their relationship and remarry, during the final two seasons, Nancy struggles with, but ultimately overcomes, ovarian cancer, which deepens their marriage. Always a rebel, Elliot can never reconcile himself to Miles preference for Michael and his own loss of work at DAA. Michael does not accept the job, but briefly entertains the possibility of developing a company again with Elliot that will make commercials

Thirtysomething (TV series)
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Main cast

50.
Juliette Lewis
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Juliette L. Lewis is an American actress and singer. She gained fame for her role in Martin Scorseses 1991 remake of the thriller Cape Fear for which she was nominated for both an Academy Award and Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress. This followed with roles in Whats Eating Gilbert Grape, Natural Born Killers, Strange Days, The Evening Star, Kalifornia, From Dusk till Dawn. Her work in television has resulted in two Emmy nominations, Lewis launched a career as a singer and musician, leading the American rock band, Juliette and the Licks, until 2009 when she launched a solo career. Lewis was born in Los Angeles, California, to Geoffrey Lewis, an actor, and his wife, Glenis Batley. She has eight siblings – brothers Lightfield, Peter, Miles, and Matthew, and sisters Brandy, Hannah, Dierdre Lewis, Lewis appeared in The Wonder Years as Waynes girlfriend in Episodes 24,34 and 36. She also played Audrey Griswold in National Lampoons Christmas Vacation, over the next few years, she appeared in Woody Allens Husbands and Wives, Peter Medaks Romeo Is Bleeding, and opposite Brad Pitt in Kalifornia. In 1993, she acted alongside Leonardo DiCaprio and Johnny Depp in the drama film Whats Eating Gilbert Grape and she played Mallory Knox in Oliver Stones Natural Born Killers. She played a singer in the film Strange Days, doing her own singing on covers of two songs written by PJ Harvey. She received an Emmy nomination for her performance in Hysterical Blindness in 2003 and she also appeared in the HIM music video for Buried Alive By Love in 2003. She appeared in the 2004 film Starsky & Hutch, playing the role of Kitty, Lewis appeared in Rockstar Games Grand Theft Auto IV, providing the voice of Juliette, the host of fictional radio station Radio Broker. She appeared in a GAP commercial in which she was dancing with Daft Punk to the tune of the song Digital Love and she also appeared in the Jan Kounen film Renegade with Vincent Cassel. In 2012 she starred in the short-lived series The Firm, on NBC as Tammy and she reprised her role as Audrey Griswold in 2012 in a series of Old Navy holiday commercials featuring the Griswold family. In 2015, she had a role in the television series Wayward Pines. Lewis launched a career as a singer and musician, leading American rock band Juliette. Lewis features on the track Bad Brother by the band The Infidels, from The Crow, Salvation Soundtrack album, Lewis has also appeared on three tracks by Electronic Music group The Prodigys 2004 CD Always Outnumbered, Never Outgunned. In 2006, Blender magazine included her in their hottest women of rock music list, in 2009, Lewis performed at the Przystanek Woodstock in Poland. In 2010, she played at the Rock for People festival in the Czech Republic, in December 2010, Lewis hosted the game television show Never Mind the Buzzcocks and repeated in January 2012

Juliette Lewis
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Juliette Lewis at the 2010 Tribeca Film Festival
Juliette Lewis
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Lewis on Terra Incognita tour with the New Romantiques at Parkpop festival 2010, the Hague, the Netherlands
Juliette Lewis
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Lewis performing with the Licks at the Eurockéennes 2007