19th Century Reform: Britain's Greatest Transformation

Social policyThe greatest social transformation in Britain can be traced back in early 19th century. It was primarily due to the reform in life style or modernity (the introduction of machines industrialisation)which have caused a radical change on the location of work, which also became a driven force for vast number of people to move towards cities (urbanization).In contrary caused a drastic change on population size (over population )in city areas .The overall state political frame work was based on lassie fair, conservative(non-interventionist )approach where there are no or limited state intervention in redistributing resources .The economy was market wise economy system(free market).There were no social welfare amendments or services provided by the state , it was commonly considered as commodity and they were mainly provided by private sectors or volunteers (philanthropy’s ). The newly life style and overpopulation have caused massive social, political and economic problems which mandated the state to intervention in overcoming the situate (the need appeoch). The overpopulation have triggered various social disorders like shortage in housing , outbreak of new diseases, sanitation problem, poor health condition increase rate of unemployment and poverty..Etc. In the 19th century Britain was the uppermost in industry and trades (the first country to go through industrialized) and accounted as one of the richest country in the world while 30 % of the population were under poverty line (ref) the free market had aggravated great social conflict among haves and the have–not due to opposing interest and created excessive gap between social classes. However this stimulated the emergence of strong labour unions .There are two approaches on the evolution of welfare state. The need approach states diversion in life style (modernity) have caused the state to intervene and the conflict approach argues on class conflict and the growth of strong labour union as...

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... The middle class did not accept the abundant drinking as previous classes had. They found it immoral and unsafe. The American Society for the Promotion of Temperance, “the largest reform organization of the period”, gained momentum and support. (Faragher, p.439) As time went on, many others began to agree with the middle class in this conclusion. Factory owners prohibited drinking on the job because it affected an employee’s performance, often making working with machinery hazardous. Skilled workers and artisans joined the movement. They, men and women, even created their own institutes, the Washington Temperance Societies and Martha Washington Societies. Men emphasized the political aspects of the problem while women placed emphasis on the dangers of drunkenness.
Temperance soon changed from a solely social concern to become a political problem as well. The two prominent political parties, the Whigs and the Democrats, had opposing views on temperance. Whigs were supporters, Democrats were not. The Democrats were not alone in their hostility. Immigrants, who were accustomed to the routine drinking, were also resistant. Despite this resistance and hostility, these anti-alcohol promotions were quite victorious in their efforts.
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Religion played an important role in European and Colonial Society. Religion had a major impact and influence on the family life, education and government in the European and Colonial Societies. The European and Colonial Society had dissimilar outlooks when it came to religion. While religion was the central focus in both European and Colonial society, Religion in the colonial society was more intense than Religion in the European society. For this reason, religion in the European society and Colonial Society would differ substantially.
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...
Mr. Smith
European History, 2
December 9, 2013
Second Quarter Research Paper
A) Plan of the Investigation
Topic: How were the conditions in English prisons improved in the 19thcentury reformation?
Prior to the reformation of the prison systems in Europe in the 19thcentury, there were no standards for the treatment of prisoners. They were treated like animals, and nobody gave it a second thought. After observing these conditions, several prominent figures emerged and dedicated their lives to the betterment of the conditions in prisons. Reformers such as John Howard (1726-1790) and Elizabeth Fry (1780-1845) exposed the horrible conditions in prisons. This paper will cover the horrendous conditions of the prisons which necessitated reform, the outdated methods of punishment, and the new standards for prisons after the reforms. Books on the observations of the reformers, and accounts of their lives will be used as the primary evidence in this investigation.
Word count: 114
B) Summary of evidence
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 Marcelo H. Del Pilar
 Lopez Jaena
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 Ponce
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 Antonio Luna
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Nineteenth Century Industrialization
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19thCentury Industrialization...

...military force.
Social Darwinism - ideology of society that seeks to apply biological concepts of Darwinism or of evolutionary theory to sociology and politics, often with the assumption that conflict between groups in society leads to social progress as superior groups outcompete inferior ones.
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Fredrick Nietzsche - A nineteenth-century German thinker. Nietzsche, who asserted that “God is dead,” was passionately opposed to Christianity. He developed the concept of the Superman, or “Overman” a superior human being, not bound by conventional notions of right and wrong.
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