The four habits that reduce one to a fool are enumerated as follows: 1. praising those who deserve to be criticised; 2. criticising those who deserve to be praised; 3. encouraging faith in those who are undeserving of faith, and; 4. expressing lack of faith in those who deserve faith.Meanwhile the four virtues that make one a true scholar are enumerated as criticising those who deserve to be criticised; 2. praising those who deserve to be praised; 3. expressing lack of faith in those who don't deserve faith, and; 4. encouraging faith in those who are deserving of faith.