Extract of sample The Arts: Renaissance and Reformation, Enlightenment and Revolution

This research will begin with the statement that renaissance, in essence, means rebirth. The Renaissance and Reformation Period (1300-1650) is significant in the history of mankind in more ways than one. The renaissance and reformation period marked the beginning of a New Age in Europe which was characterized by an interest among scholars to find out more about their world. Though it began in Italy, Renaissance soon spread to many other parts of Europe. The renaissance period influenced scholars to study the works of ancient philosophers and scholars. There were new developments in areas such as art, architecture and sculpture work. The reformation of the church occurred during the Renaissance period. The cause of the Reformation was the excessive power that the church wielded on the people. The Renaissance allowed people to air their views and vent their frustrations on what they considered to be the wrongs of the church. They were concerned with the high level of extravagance that church bishops and priests lived on. The discontent caused a religious upheaval which saw the church split into two. The reformation was also characterized by the middle class wanting more power and control. Previously, the people, regardless of their place on the social ladder, had been under the unquestionable rule of kings and the church. However, the Renaissance brought with it new beliefs about humanity and people were restless for change.
The Enlightenment and Revolution Period (1550-1800) was a

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Of all of England’s kings, none has been judged by history to be as tyrannical and self-absorbed as has Henry the Eighth. From his mistreatment of his six wives to his destructive policies and mannerisms, he is portrayed as the ultimate dictator of an age that was rife with despots that sincerely believed in their god - given rights to rule.

Changes that in turn created the social principles that permitted the Enlightenment to brush through Europe in the late aforementioned centuries. One of the most significant of these transformations was the Scientific Revolution. It is not easy to pinpoint the exact period when this revolution started.

A number of examples have been depicted in history and cultures across the world where personalities from different walks of life have been able to convert themselves from heroes to saints for the welfare of humanity. In cases like the emergence of Romanticism, agony and ecstasy of Michelangelo, the enlightenment patterns of cultural mutation and Kierkegaard’s portrayal of Abraham, these aspects can be seen clearly.

This transition provided advancements in major areas terms of art, culture, warfare, and lifestyles of the Greeks and the Romans. These advancements targeted specifically the literature of the Greeks and the Romans. Before the Renaissance, ordinary people do not usually read books, as books before was controlled and mainly written by the church.

18th Century of Enlightenment & Revolution Introduction The eighteenth (18th) century was marked by major enlightenment events like the death of Louis XIV of France and the beginning of the French revolution. Philosophers of Enlightenment like Montesquieu advocated for the separation of the powers of the government while Rousseau was of the view that man is born free and citizens should be free to choose their government.

Two prominent French thinkers: Jacques Rousseau and Charles Montesquieu had their influence from two main intellectual currents during the period; science and 17th century philosophy. The enlightenment did not contribute to the revolution directly. However, the French revolution embodies some enlightenment themes and ideas.

in their construction of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution. This philosophical core of enlightened thought promotes reason and rationality as a way of establishing a social arrangement of knowledge and ethics as well as art and culture. This era was paralleled with the emergence of classical and baroque music and neo-classical arts.

Renaissance and Reformation.
The reformation period generally referred to as the protestant reformation, a period where there was a split in the Christians of the 16th century, completely shifting the course of Christianity in Europe. By the start of the 16th century, the Holy Roman Empire, though it formally commanded control of northern Italy, it had little power outside of Germany.

The renaissance period, based on Shakespeare’s Sonnets, identifies aspects of love that though face challenges, the narrator is determined to achieve. The youth identifies love that should be immortal through eternal life and life that never leaves the youthful stage into elderly stages.

The French Revolution is considered by many historians to be the first modern revolution in history. It did not only overthrow the existing leaders but, most importantly, it also change the existing structure of society. Moreover, even if the Revolution was initiated by

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period of knowledge and intellectual movement. This period was characterized by the systematic categorization, organization, exploration and a need to understand everything (Jacob 34). For the first time since the church was established, science took center stage in the way people thought about the world they lived in. The main focus of the Enlightenment period was the use of reason to develop systems of ethics, religion and government. The Enlightenment was a way of helping people think and thereby obtain an objective truth about the universe. Those who championed the ideals of Enlightenment argued that it would free human beings from the bondage of religious authoritarianism and traditional superstition under which people had lived for a very long time. It was during this period that knowledge was readily available to everyone. The cause of the Enlightenment was to educate the human race about what was real about life (Morris 79).
The revolution was as a result of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. As people became more educated and enlightened, the more they wanted to be free from the tyranny of the church and different monarchs. There was a revolution in science, political and philosophical thought. The innovations of scientists and great thinkers such as Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton made people question those things that they had always known to be true (Jacob 79). For instance, everyone thought that the earth was flat and that it was the center of the universe until Galileo proved the theory wrong using his telescope. Newton’s scientific knowledge helped people understand gravitational pull. The Enlightenment and Revolution period marked a period when superstition and religious authoritarianism was replaced by informed scientific thinking (111). The Industrial Revolution of 1700-1900 was a period that marked a new beginning for modern civilizations. This is a period that marked major changes in the economic lives of people. The main areas that were impacted by the industrial revolution were in agriculture, transportation, mining, manufacturing and technology (Beard 14). This revolution started in the United Kingdom and later spread to other nations in Europe, North Americana and to the entire world.

Summary

The researcher of this essay aims to pay special attention to the Renaissance and Reformation Period (1300-1650), the Enlightenment and Revolution Period (1550-1800) and the Industrial Period as very important periods in the socio-economic history of mankind…