'But the really interesting part relates to how the architect has concocted a scenario where organisms (like bacteria and fungi) would take over the initial structures – for a symbiotic oxygen-producing scope that will ultimately allow humans to colonize Mars.

'So in the initial phase of the project, autonomous 3D printers could be transported to the craters that are presumed to have underground water reservoirs. In such specific locations, they would construct structures by using the native soil of Mars as the core building material. And once these structures become operational, they can use the proximate electromagnetic fields to melt the crater ice.

'However, given the unknown nature of Mars soil, these towers are expected to disintegrate within a time of six months. But by then specially chosen species of organisms like fungi and bacteria could be nourished by the melted water. So a new round of 3D printed structures can be built in unison with these organisms, and these buildings would be endowed with bio-luminescent features courtesy of the particular bacteria and the fungi species. And beyond just light, the organic scope can be further utilized to convert the planet’s carbon dioxide into breathable oxygen.

'According to Villanueva, this new phase of "atmospheric layer creation" for Mars Utopia will take around two months to complete. And after the assimilation is perfected, Mars can exhibit a terraformed environment for humans to colonize and thrive.'