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How do we put fertility in our soils? … to grow food to feed our communities? How do we keep fertility in our soils? … long term, sustainable fertility? How do we put Carbon in our soils? … out of Earth’s atmosphere? … to reverse global warming? … all 90 elements in a balanced blend? … not another annual addiction? … when the price of oil is over $100 a barrel? Carbon Strategy for Survival State of Emergency in a climate of change Carbon Soil Minerals click to continue

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In the 80s, the first scientific field tool to evaluate biological activity in soil measured conversion of O 2 into CO 2 of soil samples sealed in a vial In 2007, Australian researchers documented that biochar added to soil reduces NO x emissions by over 50% NO x is 350 times more potent than CO 2 … in the atmosphere? … that created the atmosphere? where are the Carbon … in the Carbon Cycle? Soil Minerals PARADIGM SHIFT click to continue Cycle micro-organisms? micro-organisms? micro-organisms created Earth’s atmosphere

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releasing one one hydrogen as an an electron and aproton releasing one hydrogen as electron and aproton releasing one hydrogen as electron and aproton and one one oxygen oxygen molecule is released releasing an electron create an electric current used by the cell to make carbohydrate This is a 5-step cycle that begins with two water molecules… 4 electrons Last, one one hydrogen hydrogen is released as a proton Photosynthesis green plants turn sunshine into sugar storing energy in chemical molecules H O A third third photon photon is captured A fourth fourth photon photon is captured A of sunlight is capturedA second second photon photon is captured is the source of sweetness S4S4S4S4 S3S3S3S3 S2S2S2S2 S1S1S1S1 S0S0S0S0HHO HHO H+H+H+H+ OO e-e-e-e- S S S S H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ e-e-e-e- e-e-e-e- e-e-e-e- +H+H+H+H O H O OO photon photon photon photon hydrogen ion electron electron electron electron water water oxygen proton proton proton proton 4 protons how plants produce Oxygen Carbon Soil Minerals Carbohydrate click to continue

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How can we store carbon long-term? For centuries? For millennia? How does nature do this? Pyrolysis — burning with low or no oxygen Cellulose burned with minimal oxygen — smoldered — reduces organic matter to char instead of oxidation to ash. Charcoal is left in the burner — Biochar This reduced carbon isn’t easily broken down by chemistry or digested by microbes and thus remains in the soil Carbon is removed from the air stored safely for centuries & millennia — a long-term carbon sink — sequestered Scientists estimate soil can store as much carbon as is released yearly burning fossil fuels Sequestration Soil Minerals Carbon Carbon Pyrolysis click to continue

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Carbon Negative In the Amazon, replacing slash & burn by slash & char can end rainforest destruction and create sustainable agriculture Can this work in our “temperate” zone? click to end our question is: