I read an article which cited a study that gave the strength ratios for a healthy shoulder.

I am currently on a shoulder routine for posture so this is very relevant to me, but I find the ratios hard to believe, for instance 2:1 for Adduction and Abduction, with extension high on the strength list.

In general, adduction (toward the body) is higher than abduction torque (2:1), internal rotation is higher than external rotation torque (3:2), and extension is higher than flexion torque (5:4). Overall, according to Halder et al., "Adduction strength is highest, followed by extension, flexion, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation." (8) If you want to promote balance around the shoulder joint, consider the above-mentioned ratios.

I can externally rotate about 4KG on a cable pulley which is really about 2KG once you factor in the pulley is taking some of the resistance. So working up from what should be my weakest exercise I calculated that I should be adducting 7KG and extending 5KG, this sounds a bit much to me.

Can any1 actually adduct 3.5x the amount and extend 2.5x the amount that they can externally rotate?

I haven't tried all the actual exercises you have so I can't work the ratios, but if I use wide grip pull down vs military press for the adduction/abduction ratio, I'm about 2:1. The other ratios also seem normal. With cable pushdowns vs cable curls for extension:flexion. 5:4 is about right. My front pec dec vs rear pec deck would be about 3:2. Beyond that I don't think you can compare the exercises with each other since the levers change with different machines and different exercises. You're probably reading more into this that is required. As long as you're in the ballpark, you're probably OK.

well, look at the muscles that extend and internally rotate your arm, the lats. Plus your pecs internall rotate and adduct. These muscles are much larger and stronger than lonhead biceps and ant. delt for flx. Relatively tiny rotator cuff and middle delt for abd. Subscap and infraspinatus for external rotation. The triceps also has a shoulder extention component.

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