Post harvest quality of cow meat and in storage may changes as consequence of biochemistry and microbiology process. This changes make meat durability and processed products will be limited. So that necessary processing to improve meat durability is needed. This study aimed to test the effect of soaking time of liquid smoke against meat durability meet by tenderness and organoleptic test(texture, aroma, flavor and tenderness). This research was conducted at Laboratory of Food Technology Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra from Mei to June 2016.The design used in this study was completely randomized factorial design (factorial CRD) using two factors:the soaking time of liquid smoke(A): (5 minutes, 10 minutes and15minutes) and storability(P): (1 week, 2weeks, 3 weeks and4 weeks). The parameters analyzed were cooking shrinkage, tenderness and organoleptic test(texture, aroma, and flavor). The results showed that soaking time of liquid smoke gave highly significant effect (P<0,01) to the organoleptic test (aroma), while storability give highly significant effect (P<0,01) to the cooking shrinkage(%), tenderness, andorganoleptic test(texture, aroma, and flavor).The best results were obtained ats oaking time of liquid smoke 15 minutes

This study aims to look at the effect of buffalo and goat manure on the growth of Indigofera zollingeriana plants. This research was carried out in Parlondut Village, Pangururan Subdistrict, Samosir Regency, North Sumatra from March to May 2018. The design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design with 4 replications. P0 = Buffalo Cage Fertilizer 25% + 75% Top Soil Soil, P1 = Buffalo Cage Fertilizer 50% + 50% Top Soil Soil, P2 = Buffalo Cage Fertilizer 75% + 25% Top Soil Soil, P3 = 25% Goat Cage Fertilizer + 75% Top Soil Soil, P4 = Goat Cage Fertilizer 50% + 50% Top Soil Soil and P5 = Goat Cage Fertilizer 75% + 25% Top Soil Soil. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, number of stems, stem diameter and leaf width. The results showed that the application of manure from goats had a significant effect on the parameters of the study, namely plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and stem diameter. In conclusion, the increasing dosage of fertilization with goat manure on Indigofera zollingeriana plants, the results are getting better.

This study aims to determine the feasibility and efficiency of the economic value of the business of raising livestock chicken with cassapro utilization in diet at various levels in chicken age 0-12 week. Research was held at Medan city in December 2015 to March 2016. Research using a survey method to determine the price of feed used in research. Cassapro flour consists of level 0% (P0), 10% (P1), 20% (P2), 30% (P3), 40% (P4). Parameters observed that the total cost of production, income, analysis of profit / loss, Revenue / Cost ratio (R / C ratio) and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) for a period of 3 months. The results showed that the average income (Rp/100head/3month) were the highest in treatment P3 (279,468.89) and the lowest profit in treatment P0 (234,395.64), the average R / C ratio was the highest in treatment P3 (1.44) and the lowest in treatment P0 (1.34), the average IOFC for 3 months were highest in treatment P3 (196.123) and the lowest in treatment P1 (136.401). The conclusion from this study indicate cassapro as a mixture of feed ingredients in ration to the level of 40% can provide benefits feasibility applied to the community

The success of livestock business is influenced by the feeding cost which will affect production costs, Therefore, it is needed to find an alternative feeds which has high quality content with relatively low prices. Coconut dregs can be used as an alternative to livestock feeds, but it has high fiber content, so it has low digestibility. It is necessary to conduct a processing of coconut dregs by using fermentation with fiber degradating bacteria. The purpose of this research was to determine fiber content changes (NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose) in coconut dregs after experiencing fermentation process using fiber degradating bacteria from PLIEK U. The method used complete random factorial which was designed with two different factors and three replications. The results of analysis of NDF, ADF and hemicellulose showed that there were interactions on both factors, the highest fiber content (NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose) is on the interaction of P1W1 (1% and 3 days), and the lowest fiber content (NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose) was on the interaction of P3W3 (5% and 9 days). It was concluded that the fermentation of coconut dregs using bacteria from PLIEK U could degrade the fiber content of coconut dregs, the more bacteria given and the longer the incubation time, so the fiber content (NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose) more decrease, and the best fermentation treatment was found in P3W3 interactions that was fermentation with 5% inoculum and 9 days incubation.

This research was conducted at the people’s farm in Pangururan sub-district, Samosir district. This study aims to determine the factors that affect the reduction rate of Panorusan goat population. The method used was multiple linier regression analysis with variabel limitations, i.e. animal feed quality, quantity of field grass, and goat sales to other areas. This research was conducted by asking directly to the breeder and giving a randomly selected questionnaire. The total of 55 goat breeders are divided into 2-3 breeders/village. From the research it was known that the dominant factor that causes the rate of reduction in goat Panorusan Samosir population was goat sales to other areas.

The marketing for egg is the final process of a chicken breeding business where farmers or producers deliver their products to consumers with the help of marketing institutions that have one or more marketing agencies involved, where each marketing agency will connect with other marketing institutions.This study aims to identify the characteristics of ras chicken egg marketing institutions, and ras chicken egg marketing channels, analyze marketing margins, farmer share, profit ratio, and cost of chicken egg, as well as analyze the marketing efficiency of chicken eggs in Tebing Tinggi Municipality. This research was conducted in June 2018 - August 2018. The method used in data collection is the delivery of retailer's sample by using the Slovin formula, while the sample of breeders and other marketing institutions with snowball sampling. Data collection was carried out using interview questionnaire techniques.Data analysis includes marketing costs, marketing margins, farmer share and cost benefit ratio of each marketing channel. The results of this study indicate that there are two marketing channels. The smallest marketing marketing margin is obtained by marketing channel I, therefore marketing channel I has the largest ratio of profit to cost. Farmer’s biggest share is obtained in marketing channel I. So it can be concluded that the first channel is the most efficient channel because it has the smallest cost and a large profit.

Chicken meat is one of the livestock commodities that can meet the protein needs of the community, but there are constraints on the price side. The price of free-range chicken meat tends to fluctuate due to production and demand imbalances and has an impact on price increases. Therefore, there needs to be control so that price increases that occur in free-range chicken meat do not jump sharply The purpose of the study was to determine the factors that influence the amount of freerange chicken meat’s consumption in Langkat Regency. The study was conducted in June - August 2018. The method that used in sampling was the proportionate stratified random sampling method and used the Slovin formula. Primary data collection was carried out by interview techniques using questionnaires to respondents and secondary data collection was obtained from the agencies and agencies assembled and then analyzed with Multiple Linear Regression using SPSS 22 application. The results showed the amount of free-range chicken meat’s consumption in Langkat Regency was influenced partially by income and the number of family members with R² = 0.61.