5 = Good probability for 3 or more days of Significant swell4 = Good probability for 1-2 days of Significant swell3 = Good probability for 3 or more days of Intermediate/Advanced swell2 = Good probability for 1-2 days of Intermediate/Advanced swell1 = Good probability for 3 or more days of Impulse or Windswell0 = Low probability for 1-2 days of Impulse or Windswell

Significant:Winter - Swell 8 ft @ 14 secs or greater (11+ ft faces) for 8+ hours (greater than double overhead).
Summer - Head high or better. Advanced:Winter - Swell and period combination capable of generating faces 1.5 times overhead to double overhead (7-10 ft) Summer - Chest to head high.Intermediate/Utility Class:Winter - Swell and period combination generating faces at head high to 1.5 times overhead (4-7 ft).
Summer - Waist to chest high. Impulse/Windswell:Winter - Swell and period combination generating faces up to head high (1-4 ft) or anything with a period less than 11 secs.
Summer - up to waist high swell. Also called 'Background' swell.

PACIFIC OVERVIEWCurrent Conditions
On Saturday (6/7) in North and Central CA local windswell was producing waves in the chest high plus range and chopped and warbled by south winds at exposed breaks but clean at protected breaks. Down in Santa Cruz wrap around windswell was producing waves in the knee to thigh high range on the sets and clean. In Southern California up north local north windswell was producing waves at knee high on the sets and clean conditions early. Down south minimal background southern hemi swell was producing waves in the waist to maybe chest high range and clean early. Hawaii's North Shore was flat and clean. The South Shore was flat and clean with no southern hemi swell hitting yet. Trade wind generated east windswell was up some at chest high and chopped at exposed breaks on the East Shore.

See QuikCASTs for the 5 day surf overview or read below for the detailed view.

Meteorological Overview
No swell producing fetch is occurring or forecast for the North Pacific other than local windswell. For the southern hemisphere a weak gale formed southeast of New Zealand on Sat-Sun (6/1) with 36 ft seas aimed east. Small background swell to result for HI later today (Sat 6/7) and up into California by late Mon (6/9). But looking at the charts virtually no swell producing fetch of interest is forecast. Unbelievably calm for this time of year in the Southern Hemisphere.

Details below...

SHORT- TERM FORECASTCurrent marine weather and wave analysis plus forecast conditions for the next 72 hours

NorthPacific

Overview Surface Analysis - On Saturday (6/7) trades were blowing at 15 kts from just west of the California coast the whole way over Hawaii and reaching west to almost the dateline. This fetch was starting to produce easterly windswell relative to Hawaii along east facing shores. It was generated by modest high pressure at 1028 mbs locked off Oregon and ridging east generating a decent pressure gradient and north winds at 30 kts along the North CA coast near Cape Mendocino generating modest short period north windswell for Central CA down to Pt Conception and then extending southwest with 15 kt fetch reaching to the Hawaiian Islands. Over the next 72 hours through Tues (6/10) much the same is forecast with high pressure holding it's position off the North CA coast with the gradient continuing to generate 30 kt north winds centered near Cape Mendocino and perhaps increasing it's fetch area Tuesday producing a little larger local north short period windswell at exposed breaks mainly north of Pt Conception. Trades to hold between Hawaii and California at 15 kts over the same time frame with minimal short period east windswell expected for exposed east facing shores.

TropicsNo tropical systems of interest are forecast or being tracked at that time.

California Nearshore Forecast On Saturday AM (6/7) high pressure at 1030 mbs was locked over the Eastern Gulf of Alaska off Oregon ridging towards North CA with 30 kt north winds in control of waters off Cape Mendocino, with a eddy flow (south winds) over Southern CA reaching up into Central CA. The gradient is forecast to hold if not build slightly on Monday (6/9) with the areal coverage of winds increasing slightly but with the eddy flow continuing nearshore south of Pt Arena. The gradient is to start withering mid-Wednesday with winds down to 25 kts as low pressure approaches Washington, then collapsing late Thursday with winds barely 20 kts with 15 kt northwest winds pushing onshore over all of Central CA. But by Saturday (6/14) the gradient is to return with 25 kt north winds over Cape Mendocino and and eddy flow again set up over Central CA sown into Southern CA. But more low pressure is to be setting up off British Columbia.

SouthPacific

OverviewJetstream - On Saturday (6/7) the jetstream was split with the two streams running parallel to each other across most of the South Pacific. The influential southern branch was displaced south running down on the 65S latitude line and over the northern edge of the Antarctic Ice Sheet under New Zealand offering no space to support gale development. And east of there it was ridging hard south pushing into Antarctica on the eastern edge of the Southern Ca swell window (120W) offering even less support for gale development in lower levels of the atmosphere. Over the next 72 hours the same basic pattern is to hold but with the ridge over the Southeast Pacific dissipating and a more pure zonal flow setting up but still tracking flat west to east on the 64S latitude line through Tues (6/10) offering no support for gale development. Beyond 72 hours more of the same is forecast with a zonal flow continuing and displaced well south running over Antarctic ice the width of the South Pacific offering no support for gale development in lower levels of the atmosphere. A quiet surface pattern is expected to continue until the jet lifts north.

Surface Analysis - On Saturday (6/7) swell from a gale that formed under New Zealand on Fri-Sat (5/31) was pushing northeast expected to reach Hawaii later today (Sat 6/7) and the US West Coast early next week (see New Zealand Gale below). Otherwise high pressure at 1032 mbs was locking down the area southeast of New Zealand pushing the storm track south over Antarctic Ice. No fetch of interest was occurring east of there either.

Over the next 72 hours a rather benign pattern is forecast with no fetch exceeding 35 kts, and even that limited fetch is to be encased over the Ross Ice Shelf getting no purchase over ice free waters north of there. No swell producing weather systems are forecast.

New Zealand Gale
A gale organized southeast of New Zealand on Fri PM (5/30) with 35-40 kt southwest winds developing over a small area. By Sat AM (5/31) 35-40 kt southwest winds were over a broader area with 34 ft seas developing at 60S 180W (191 degs HI, 209 degs SCal and 207 degs NCal and shadowed relative to both. 45 kt west-southwest winds developed in the evening with seas building to 36 ft at 56S 169W (186 degs HI, 203 degs SCal and unshadowed and 205 degs NCal and shadowed by Tahiti). This system faltered after that on Sun AM (6/1) with winds dropping from 40 kts and seas 31 ft at 53S 155W (202 degs SCal and 200 degs NCal and unshadowed for both). A quick fade followed in the evening with seas fading from 28 ft at 53S 150W (200 degs SCal, 198 degs NCal and unshadowed). Limited southern hemi swell possible for all locations.

LONG-TERM FORECASTMarine weather and forecast conditions 3-10 days into the future

NorthPacific

Beyond 72 hours high pressure is to hold it's position with north winds continuing at 30 kts over Cape Mendocino into Wed AM (6/11) with windswell holding, but then starting to fade in the afternoon as the gradient falters with north winds down to 25 kts late and barely 20 kts on Thurs (6/12) with windswell fading in Central California. Trades relative to Hawaii are to continue fully extended from California the whole way over the Islands in the 15 kt range with 20 kt northeast winds reaching almost half way to the Islands on Wed (6/11), then fading in coverage thereafter limited to just the area around Hawaii by Sat (6/14). East windswell decent through Wed (6/11) for east facing shores of the Islands, then dropping off. The gradient is to try and start making a slightly comeback on Sat (6/14) producing 25 kt north winds over Cape Mendocino.

MJO/ENSO Update Note: The Madden Julian Oscillation is a periodic weather cycle that tracks east along the equator circumnavigating the globe. It is characterized in it's Inactive Phase by enhanced trade winds and dry weather over the part of the equatorial Pacific it is in control of, and in it's Active Phase by slack if not an outright reversal of trade winds and enhanced precipitation. The oscillation occurs in roughly 20-30 day cycles (Inactive for 20-30 days, then Active for 20-30 days) over any single location on the planet. During the Active Phase in the Pacific the MJO tends to support the formation of stronger and longer lasting gales resulting in enhanced potential for the formation of swell producing storms. During the Inactive Phase the jet stream tends to split resulting in high pressure and less potential for swell producing storm development. The paragraphs below analyze the state of the MJO in the Pacific and provide forecasts for MJO activity (which directly relate to the potential for swell production).

As of Saturday (6/7) the daily Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) was up to 5.62. The 30 day average was up some at 10.82 and the 90 day average was rising slightly at 1.55. The near term trend based on the 30 day SOI was indicative of an Inactive phase of the MJO. The longer term pattern was indicative of a neutral Phase of the MJO. The SOI tends to be a lagging indicator running a week behind surface level weather trends.

Current equatorial surface wind analysis indicated neutral anomalies over the Maritime Continent continuing over the dateline and passing south of Hawaii. From there neutral anomalies continued into the Galapagos Islands. A week from now (6/14) moderate easterly anomalies are forecast developing north of Australia continuing over the dateline reaching east to a point south of Hawaii then fading to light easterly anomalies and continuing over the Galapagos and into Central America. This is not good news if one is to believe this model. Those east anomalies are to start building on Wed (6/11). So this is the point in time to use to start monitoring this event. In all this suggests perhaps a building Inactive Phase of the MJO a week out. Looking back in time starting 5/19 the TOA array suggested that solid westerly anomalies were in play near 160E, then faded to light westerly anomalies later in the period (5/27-5/30) then faded to neutral by 6/3 and were back to light westerly anomalies on 6/5 and 6/7. This is much better than what the GFS 850 mb data (which is actually 4,500 ft above surface level) would suggest. The sensors on the TOA buoys are 'hard data' literally on the oceans surface. And the buoys in this region are in good health. So no east wind anomalies have yet been experienced on the oceans surface. This is a good sign. It will be interesting to see if the easterly anomalies currently modeled actually materialize down at the surface.

A previous WWB created a large Kelvin Wave tracking towards South America in January (starting 1/8, peaking 1/28 then fading the first week of Feb) followed by a second strong WWB in Feb-Mar (as strong as the first one starting 2/15 and peaking 2/20-3/2 then fading 3/10) setting up and offering yet more reinforcing transport warm water east. And then a third weak westerly wind burst developed (starting 3/12 and faded out by 3/28). And a fourth weaker one started 4/7 and held through 4/20, and was strong enough to be considered a minimal Westerly Wind Burst WWB. As of right now all this does not mean El Nino is in-play. Still the pattern is something more than coincidental and strongly suggests some degree of pattern change has developed for the tropics. Of historical note: The big El Nino's of '82/32 and '97/98 both started forming in the February timeframe and progressed non-stop through the Summer and Fall months. A article presenting a Comparison between the genesis of the 1997 El Nino and this 2014 WWB event has been posted here.

The longer range models (dynamic and statistical) run on 6/6 are in sync. They both suggest a dead neutral pattern was in control with no Outgoing Longwave Radiation anomalies present. 8 days out a new weak Active Phase of the MJO is to be moving into the far West Pacific per the dynamic (GEFS) model and slowly expanding coverage there to 15 days out with a neutral pattern over all the remaining equatorial Pacific other than the area near the Galapagos. The statistic model suggests a far weaker version of the Inactive Phase trying to get a toehold into the far West Pacific 15 days out. It remains unclear why the GFS model suggests easterly anomalies 7 days from now. The ultra long range upper level model has done a complete reversal of itself from 2 days ago, now suggesting the Inactive Phase is over the West Pacific and is to ease east into 6/27. A non-existent Active Phase is to follow over the West Pacific starting 6/27 pushing east into 7/12. After that another weak Inactive Phase is to follow. Stepping back from the details it seems likely a very weak MJO pattern is likely with no signs of strengthening. A very weak MJO pattern is what one would expect if an El Nino were to develop - namely that the MJO would all but disappear. That is the hallmark of El Nino. Now that we've moved out of the Spring Unpredictability Barrier, the development of a weak to non-existent MJO pattern would be right on-time and expected. For the 5 months of 2014, pushing out of the Spring Unpredictability Barrier, there has been only one Inactive Phase, and based on TAO array data, no east anomalies of interest ever developed in the prime Kelvin Wave generation area - very good news. The step after that would be the development of weak westerly anomalies in the West Pacific mainly attributable to warming waters temps over the width of the equatorial Pacific. The upper level model tends to be a leading indicator, with surface level anomalies lagging behind 1 week or more.

The more warm water in the equatorial East Pacific means more storm production in the North Pacific during winter months (roughly speaking). Cold water in that area has a dampening effect. Regardless of what the atmospheric models and surface winds suggest, actual water temperatures are a ground-truth indicator of what is occurring in the ocean. As of the most recent imagery (6/5), a warm water regime continues building from Ecuador west over the Galapagos and drifting west from there peaking at 3.0 degs C above normal with a more modest warm pool ranging at +1.0 deg C range extending west from there to the dateline with +0.5 deg anomalies reaching 5 degrees north and south of the equator. There are embedded warmer pockets in the +1.5 deg C range. Of notice is markedly warmer water building down into Peru and up into Southern Central America with its core between the Galapagos and Ecuador forming the the signature warm El Nino triangle (it started being obvious on 5/1). This pattern became pronounced as of the 5/19 update and has been building every since. Hi-res SST monitoring site depicts +3.0 deg anomalies embedded in the triangle between the Galapagos and Ecuador and trailing off of Peru in small pockets and recent data suggest even two small pockets to +4 degrees. The latest images are harder to decipher and we've written NOAA for clarification. Still, the data looks encouraging. This is the 'breech point' of a large Kelvin Wave that has been lurking just below the surface and built by consecutive Westerly Wind burst Jan-April. The larger equatorial warming pattern started in earnest on 3/29 and has been solidifying it's grasp every since, and is being fed by the Galapagos warm pool. Comparing this years event to the '97 El Nino event, water temps still are not approaching the warmth or coverage of the '97 event. so this will not reach to proportions of that event, regardless of hype produced in early May.

On 5/28 we performed a more detailed analysis of water term anomalies in the May 20 to May 25 timeframe comparing water temp anomalies of all other El Nino's from 1951 to present. The theory being the earlier the signature warm pool develops, the stronger it will become, because the more latent heat energy there is stored in the ocean. Surprisingly we actually found reanalysis date going back to 1951. One should view data prior to about '75 with much skepticism. We compared total areal coverage of warmer than normal waters on the equatorial Pacific and down the Ecuador and Peruvian coasts, and the coverage of warmers water in the direct vicinity of the Galapagos. Here's the results: the '97, '57 and '72 El Nino's beat the 2014 data, and ultimately ended up producing a 5 month running mean sea surface temp anomaly of +2.2, +1.8 and +1.6 degs C respectively. This 2014 event beat the next contending El Nino, the one of '65, which resulted in +1.6 degs anomalies. So from a statistical/historical perspective, this developing 2014 event should result in a SST anomaly of about +1.6 degs or the 4th strongest in the past 61 years. This is a theory that will be put to the test over the next 5 months. Data from the '82 El Nino is provided even though it had no contending footprint in the May timeframe because it ultimately resulted in SST anomalies of 2.0 degs above normal (5 month running mean). Also data from the '2009 El Nino is provided just because it was recent and likely still in most folks memories. So to have any warmer than normal water in the Nino 3.4 region in May (the Spring preceding when El Nino is declared) puts this 2014 event is an outlier category, presumably meaning some degree of a significant El Nino is developing. There is much variability between El Nino events, and not all are configured identical. That becomes apparent just inspecting the May '82 and '97 data. Two Super El Ninos, resulted, but with 2 different signatures early on. What's interesting is the configuration of this 2014 event is very similar to that of the 3 El Ninos ranked higher than it, all which produced significant results in the Fall and Winter months.

Strongest El Nino's

May 20-25 1997 SST Anomalies(Greaterst ever - Ranked #1 for this time of year - +2.2 deg C final)

May 20-25 1957 SST Anomalies(Greater than 2014 - Ranked #2 for this time of year - +1.8 deg C final)

May 20-25 1972 SST Anomalies (Greater than 2014 - Ranked #3 for this time of year - +1.6 deg C final)

May 20-25 2014 SST Anomalies (Ranked #4 for this time of year - ?? deg C final)

Lesser El Ninos
(in May)

May 20-25 1965 SST Anomalies(less than 2014 - Ranked #5 for this time of year - +1.6 deg C final)

May 20-25 1982 SST Anomalies(far less than 2014 for this time of year-+2.0 deg C final )

Elsewhere the entire North Pacific Ocean is full of warmer than normal water as is the West Pacific (north and south). There is only the weakest signs of high pressure induced upwelling streaming southwest off California, as would be expected for this time of year. This is significant. And the only cool water present is streaming off Southern Chile pushing west almost reaching up to the equator, but getting shunted south by the warm water on the equator. Overall the total amount of warmer than normal water in the North Pacific is impressive. A sympathetic warm pool that was developing off equatorial West Africa is still present but weak. But all eyes remain on the evolving breech of warm water along the western coast of Ecuador as a gauge of what's to come atmospherically.

Subsurface waters temps on the equator remain solid. A large area of warm +3-5 deg C above normal water was in-place and tracking east with it's core 150 meters down somewhere near 115W. As best as can be identified this Kelvin Wave covers the area from 180W to Ecuador with the core between 120 and 90W. The leading edge is impacting Ecuador and the Galapagos. Given the lack of sensors between 155W and 110W, exact details concerning the core of the Kelvin Wave remain sketchy, but the leading edge waters temps are not in doubt. The Kelvin Wave has also been confirmed via satellite in the form of increased surface water heights at +10 cm extending from Peru over the Galapagos and tracking east from there (6/5), with +5 cm anomalies extending west to the dateline. This suggests warm water at depth is displacing the surface upwards. Also data from the TOA array suggests warm water has be assimilated into the warm pool from a 4th WWB in April. So for now the warm pool has received some more energy. And some weak westerly anomalies continue being reported by the TOA array west of the dateline in June (see above). Still, another legit WWB is required.

The Pacific equatorial surface counter-current (from 5N to 2S from the Philippines to the Galapagos) as of 5/28 was strongly anomalously tracking west to east, typical of an El Nino configuration. But the June 2 data looked less impressive, as if the current might be starting to loose some velocity and is reacting to the previous reduction in westerly anomalies west of the dateline. In fact easterly anomalies were in control of the entire equatorial Pacific east of the dateline, and fairly strong in pockets. Compared to the '97 event, this is not good news. We'll continue monitoring this indicator closely.

Based on previous history, an evolving El Nino would follow this general pattern: A large Kelvin Wave will erupt along the South American coast in May-June, and the increase in water temps in that area should reduce trades above it (by reducing surface air pressure), which in turn could support yet more warm water build-up (heated by the sun and through reduced upwelling). As a result, another series of WWB's should develop in the West Pacific in late Summer/early Fall fueled by warm water tracking west from the initial eruption site over the Galapagos further reducing trades in the West Pacific and resulting in more eastward moving warm subsurface water(i.e. Kelvin Waves). A feedback loop could develop, reinforcing the warm water flow and buildup off Central America into the Fall. But we're a long ways from that occurring just yet. What is needed is another Westerly Wind burst or at least continued westerly anomalies. Anything that reduces or suppresses trades in the equatorial West Pacific will suffice to continue the transport mechanism. So out-and-out west surface winds are not required. Anything that reduced trades in the east (like increasing water temps) will continue to stabilize the warm pool that is hopefully evolving there.

Projections from the CFSv2 model run 6/7 have stabilized. It suggests water temps building to +1.0 deg C by early August peaking at +1.45 to +1.5 degs C by Nov 2014 (down from a peak previously forecast at +1.75). Our guess is that some form of El Nino warning could be declared in the early June timeframe if all stays on track.

Previously a pattern of multiple strong Westerly Wind Bursts occurred Jan-March 2014, but then moderated in late March, but never gave way to a fully Inactive Phase (with no hint of easterly anomalies west of the dateline) till early May. A neutral pattern developed May 5 and held through the end of May. This is great news with westerly anomalies in play for 4 full months and then only turning neutral in May. Longterm this signal (suppressed trades in the far equatorial West Pacific) will have to hold into at least August with warm water building greater than 0.5 deg C over the tropical East and Central Pacific (120W to 170W) for 3 consecutive months before one could declare the development of El Nino, though that already appears to be the case. Seeing how we're effectively through the Spring Unpredictability Barrier and no total collapse of the pattern has occurred, it looks like things are stabilizing in favor of El Nino. But nothing is certain until we hit August and see some redevelopment of WWBs over the dateline.

Overall the immediate outlook remains unchanged, but potentially trending towards something that would be considered warm by June-July 2014, assuming one is to believe the models and the subsurface water configuration. At a minimum the ocean is well past recharge mode, with cold water from the 2010-2011 La Nina dispersed and temperatures on the rise in fit's-and-starts. Regardless of the WWBs etc, we are in a neutral ENSO atmospheric pattern at this time with neither any form of El Nino or La Nina present or imminent. But given all current signs, atmospheric transition should begin in June over the equatorial Pacific possibly increasing during the summer, intensifying into Fall. Still there remains 3 months ahead where any number of hazards could derail this event. But this is a better place than previous years (2010-2011, 2011-2012 and 2012-2013) under the direct influence of La Nina. And it seems apparent we've recovered from the 2009-2010 El Nino. In a normal situation one would expect there to be at least one or two years of neutral temperatures ultimately converging in a stronger warmer pattern and possible El Nino 2-3 years out (2015 or 2016). Historically, this is the 'normal' pattern (a few years of false starts post La Nina before a legit El Nino forms). We've turned the corner, but we'll remain cautious and not say to much yet, especially in light of what appears to be a decadal bias towards a cooler regime (since 1998).

See a 'Comparison between the genesis of the 1997 El Nino and the 2014 WWB Event'Here (posted 4/5/2014)

SouthPacific

Beyond 72 hours no winds exceeding 35 kts are forecast for the Southern Hemisphere and even when those winds occur, they are to be displaced well south and blowing over frozen ocean offering no odds for swell production. A very calm swell pattern has set up with no immediate end projected (at least for the next 7 days).

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Time Zone Converter By popular demand we've built and easy to use time convert that transposes GMT time to whatever time zone you are located. It's ion left hand column on every page on the site near the link to the swell calculator.

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