Psych 1010 Exam 4

Barbie is a "perfect 10." She has gorgeous flowing blonde hair, crystal blue eyes, olive tanned skin, and a smile to die for. According to social psychological research, when Ken meets Barbie for the first time, what other traits might he infer about Barbie's personality?

She is friendly, likeable, popular, and successful.

Parents warn a new babysitter that their son, Dennis, is very aggressive and mischievous. As a result of this initial expectation, the babysitter starts calling Dennis "Dennis the Menace," and he behaves in ways that elicit aggressive and mischievous behaviors from Dennis. This example best demonstrates the phenomenon called ______.

the self-fulfilling prophecy

Research suggests that which of the following faces would be rated as most attractive?

A composite face of multiple faces that have been digitally blended to produce an "average" face.

The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of inner dispositions upon another's behavior is called ______.

the fundamental attribution error

Your new roommate leaves dirty laundry all over her room and you assume she must be a slob. You ignore the fact that she is currently taking finals and working 40 hours per week. You are demonstrating the ______.

fundamental attribution error

_____ is the tension that arises when people realize that their behavior is inconsistent with their attitudes.

Despite evidence to the contrary, Denise thinks she is smarter than most of the people in her class. Denise's unfounded attitude about herself is an example of a(n) _____.

Cindy recently played in a softball game in which she misplayed a ground ball for an error. Later in the same game, she made a great catch on a very difficult play. According to the self-serving bias, she would attribute her error to _____ and her good catch to _____.

Marty has always strongly believed that it is wrong to cheat. However, after he cheated on his chemistry quiz, his attitude toward cheating significantly softened. Which theory best accounts for this attitude shift?

Cognitive dissonance theory states that in order to reduce dissonance, individuals _____.

_____________ theory contends that behaviors can cause attitudes.

Allison is at a workshop where a presenter is attempting to persuade people to make a rather risky but potentially profitable financial investment. The arguments for investing appeal to logic and rationality. After slowly and carefully considering the presenter's arguments, Alison finds this person's idea sounds compelling and decides to invest. This example best demonstrates the _____.

John is selling magazine subscriptions and chocolates. He asks you whether you are interested in buying some chocolates for $1 and you say yes. When you go to get the money to pay for the chocolates and return to the door, John asks you if you would also like to buy a $25 subscription to a variety of magazines. You feel obligated and agree to buy a magazine subscription. This is an example of _____.

The advertising committee for a politician is going door to door and asking people to put a big ugly election sign on their lawn. If the people refuse, they ask them if they would consider putting a smaller sign on the lawn. The staff is using _____.

In 1964 Kitty Genovese was brutally stabbed to death in front of her apartment building. It took the assailant approximately 30 minutes to kill Genovese. Police reports showed that although 38 neighbors witnessed the event, no one helped or called the police. According to your knowledge of social psychology, this incident can be best explained by _____.

Deficits in the functioning of the ______ are associated with aggression.

The hormone that is typically implicated in aggressive behavior is _____.

Robert, a 9-year-old boy, loves watching wrestling on TV. Last night he imitated several of the aggressive moves he saw on TV by acting them out with his little brother. Which of the following theories best explains William's behavior?

Joyce has the potential to be an honor student but frustrates her teachers because of her actions. Rather than work to succeed, she tends to "dummy down" to act more like the students that she hangs out with. She has at times answered questions incorrectly in class on purpose to be more like her friends. Joyce's behavior is an example of _____.

Prior to conducting his experiment, Stanley Milgram asked a group of psychiatrists to predict how many individuals would obey his commands to shock another person. The psychiatrists predicted that ______ of the participants would deliver the full 450 volts of shock to the victim. Results of Milgram's experiment showed that, in fact, _____ participants delivered the full 450 volts.

The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group is known as _____.

According to the social facilitation effect, the presence of others _____.

Dr. McCall found that class projects were of poorer quality when students worked in groups compared to when each student did an individual project. This difference can be explained by the phenomenon of _____.

______ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a group. ______ is an unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because the person belongs to that group.

Social psychologists believe that _______ is particularly strong during the early stages of a relationship, and that ________ increases as the relationship grows and matures.

When individuals desire to have another person near and have a deep, caring affection for the person, they are displaying _____.

According to social exchange theory, the most important predictor of relationship success is _____.

Your English professor gives you some advice on how to cure writer's block. She tells you to sit at your computer for 15 minutes and write whatever comes into your head. You don't censor yourself or worry about spelling or grammar. Instead you merely translate your thoughts into words. This technique will allow your _____ to flow.

_____ is a subjective psychological state of being conscious of what is going on, whereas ______ is a physiological state of being engaged with the environment.

Awareness and arousal are associated with different parts of the brain. Awareness involves the _____. Arousal is influenced by the _____.

Mental processes that are within a person's sense of awareness are considered _____ processes.

States of consciousness that require little attention and do not interfere with other mental activities are called _____.

The term circadian rhythm refers to _____.

The ______ is a brain structure that is often referred to as a "biological clock" because of the fact that it controls our circadian rhythms.

Psychological research on sleep and memory has found that staying up all night to study for an exam is likely to _____.

When you go to check on your sleeping child, you observe that his eyes are moving back and forth rapidly under his eyelids. It is likely that he is _____.

Jerry is in the process of getting a divorce and is having trouble at his job. Previously he had not had any sleep disorders but is bothered by one now. Lately he has experienced serious difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. Which disorder has Jerry most likely developed?

Blake smokes marijuana. When he first started using, he used to get high off one joint but now he finds he needs to smoke more and more to get the same high. This is an example of ______.

Your mother must always have an early morning cup of coffee. She usually has several more cups throughout the day. If she misses her daily doses of coffee, she gets a headache. The fact that your mother experiences headaches when she discontinues the use of caffeine is an example of ______.

Drug addiction occurs when ______.

Why do psychoactive drugs make people feel good?

Tranquilizers and alcohol are ______.

Depressants _______ whereas stimulants ______.

What is the most widely used drug in the United States?

Marijuana, LSD, and MDMA (ecstasy) are considered ______.

______ is an altered state of consciousness or psychological state of altered attention in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions.

_____ involves attaining a peaceful state of mind in which thoughts are not occupied by worry.

While reading a novel, Raoul isn't easily distracted by the sounds of the TV or even by his brothers' loud arguments. This best illustrates:

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of:

Jordanna has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she's very relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of:

Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is:

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every:

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by:

Stage 2 sleep is to ________ as Stage 4 sleep is to ________.

Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.