Definition

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common infection caused by a type of herpes virus. It can cause swollen lymph glands, fever, and fatigue. Most people with CMV do not show symptoms of infection and are not aware they have it. A CMV infection usually occurs in young adults. The virus then remains in your body for the rest of your life. It is often in a sleeping state but can be activated by stressful situations.

Symptoms

The virus does not cause any symptoms when it is inactive. The virus may be activated because of stressful situations, medication, illness, or reduced immunity. Symptoms of the activated virus include:

Encephalitis
—infection of the brain that can result in seizures or coma

Diagnosis

CMV infection is not often diagnosed because the virus rarely produces symptoms. If CMV is suspected, the doctor may look for signs of the infection in blood or fluid samples. A
biopsy
may also be done on organs that are affected.

Treatment

Most people infected with CMV will not need a specific treatment. Treatment may be needed if the virus is reactivated and you have a weakened immune system.

Antiviral medications may be used for people who have an organ transplant or suppressed immune system.
These medications do not cure CMV but can decrease the symptoms and duration of the illness.

Prevention

While there is no definitive way to prevent CMV, but there are some measures that can decrease your chance of the infection:

CANADIAN RESOURCES:

References:

Cytomegalovirus. American Association of Family Physicians website. Available at:
http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/cytomegalovirus.html. Updated July 2013. Accessed June 19, 2014.

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