tag:www.extension.org,2015:/feeds/content/pesticidestewardshipeXtension Articles,Faqs- pesticidestewardship2015-02-10T22:40:05ZContributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/70288/be-careful-using-ddvp-strips-for-pest-control
Be Careful Using DDVP Strips for Pest Control 2015-02-10T22:37:25Z
<p></p><div class="singleimage"><div class="thumb t"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:721px;">
<img height="336" width="721" style="width: 721px; height: 336px;" alt="DDVP pesticide strip" title="Be careful when using DDVP strips" class="media-element file-media-original" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/Banner_0.jpg"><div class="thumbcaption">Be careful using Nuvan strips</div>
</div></div></div>
<p><strong>A Note of Caution when using DDVP strips for Pest Control</strong></p>
<p>The recent news coverage and re-emergence of bed bugs has made people more aware of the potential to host these pests and others in their homes. In response, more people have been using slow release pesticides for controlling these pests and others (such as cockroaches, spiders, and silverfish to name a few). If not carefully used, the active ingredient DDVP or dichlorvos can cause significant illness to humans as noted by a CDC report on pest-strips. Dichlorvos is the active ingredient in the products such as Nuvan and Prostrips, but is also active in other products used as pesticides. Carefully inspect the label of any product you use and be sure to follow safe handling procedures to avoid unnecessary risk. </p>
<p> A recent<a href="http://insectsinthecity.blogspot.com/2014/01/careful-use-of-nuvan-strips.html" target="_blank" class="external_link"> blog post by Mike Merchant, PhD </a> discusses these findings:</p>
<blockquote>For anyone unfamiliar, dichlorvos is the active ingredient in (among other products) Nuvan™ Prostrips™, a slow release pesticide formulation for control of bed bugs, "flies, gnats, mosquitoes, moths, silverfish, cockroaches, spiders, beetles, earwigs and other pests". Dichlorvos looked like it might have seen the last of its days a few years back, at least partly because of its acute toxicity. It is a holdover from the era of organophosphate insecticides, and like all OPs, it acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. But dichlorvos has a unique property: its relatively high volatility makes it useful as a fumigant. And thanks to its effectiveness against bed bugs, dichlorvos now appears to be staging a comeback.<br><br>
Dichlorvos kills pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs. But it can also hurt people if not used carefully as described in the label. The CDC study reports on 31 acute DDVP pest strip–related illness cases recorded from seven U.S. states and Canada from 2000 to 2013 (more cases undoubtedly occurred that were not part of this study). Most of the illnesses resulted from using the product in commonly occupied living areas (e.g., kitchens and bedrooms), in violation of label directions. According to the report, "Although 26 of the 31 cases involved mild health effects of short duration, five persons had moderate health effects." Illnesses included neurological, respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Effects due to dichlorvos overexposure usually resolve themselves completely, according to the study; but make no mistake--this insecticide should be used with care.</blockquote>
<p>Not only is it important for individuals to <a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/HowToReadTheLabel/Pages/default.asp" class="external_link">read and understand the directions</a> ,but it is also important for industry professionals to carefully read and understand applications. </p>
<p><br>
Some key label points Dr. Merchant emphasizes about <a style="font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-style: italic;"><em>Nuvan™</em></a> and similar strips are:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>Do not over-apply. One 16 gm strip is sufficient for treating 100 to 200 cubic feet. Having said that, do your technicians know how to estimate cubic feet? A typical 6' by 12' by 8' walk-in closet is approximately 575 cubic feet (a simple multiplication of length x width x height) and would require 3 to 5 strips--6 would be an over-application.</li>
<li>Around the home, strips may only be used in closets, wardrobes and cupboards, storage units, garages, attics or crawl spaces. Other sites outside the house are also listed on the label.</li>
<li>Do not use in kitchens or food prep or storage areas where unwrapped food may be exposed. Kitchen utensils should not contact the strips.</li>
<li><em>Pets and children should not play or sleep where strips are in use, nor should the strips be used in any room where humans are likely to spend more than four hours a day. An important sidenote here: most of the illnesses (65%) reported in the CDC paper occurred when exposures exceeded four hours per day.</em></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p> </p>
<p>If you need additional information about handing pesticides safely, you can find information on <a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/container/Pages/default.aspx" class="external_link">handling and container disposal</a>.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Contributors:<br>
Ron Gardner<br>
Amy Hays<br><span class="post-author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/profile/00096774491277223713" rel="author" title="author profile" class="external_link">Mike Merchant, PhD </a></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/70030/6-reasons-why-wasp-spray-is-not-a-substitute-for-pepper-spray
6 Reasons Why Wasp Spray is Not a Substitute for Pepper Spray 2015-02-10T21:39:31Z
<p><img height="299" width="640" alt="Finger on nozzle spraying contents from can" class="media-element file-media-original" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/spray.jpeg" title=""></p>
<p>Gun violence this fall at schools and colleges across the nation helps keep a contemporary legend alive. One version of the legend tells of a church receptionist working in a high risk area who kept a can of wasp spray on her desk for self defense. The legend, usually spread by email, suggests wasp spray draws less attention than a can of pepper spray and is effective against violence.</p>
<p>“These emails may have initially begun as a hoax or simply a bad idea shared among an increasing number of people,” said Catherine Daniels, Pesticide Coordinator at Washington State Pest Management Resource Service.</p>
<p>“Unlike urban legends, which by and large don’t result in bodily harm, just odd behavior in people trying to avoid whatever danger the legend promotes, the advice in this email—if followed-- can result in significant harm,” she said.</p>
<p>Janet Hurley, an Extension Specialist with the School Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program through Texas A&amp;M AgriLife Extension Service, got many questions from school districts at the beginning of this school year. Hurley provided one example, “A school district in north Texas was inspecting its campuses at the beginning of the school year. The IPM coordinators kept noticing cans of wasp killer in the offices of the school secretaries. Since the school follows IPM and has a policy about only licensed applicators making pesticide applications, the coordinators began to ask questions. Apparently, the secretaries had heard from a law enforcement person who said a can of wasp killer could injure an attacker at 10 feet and therefore would be a way to keep an intruder from school.”</p>
<p>Pesticide experts from Extension services at land-grant universities emphasize the public should use pepper sprays and pesticides only for their intended uses, and ask the public to help debunk urban legends about using wasp spray for defense. They also advise individuals to check with local law enforcement departments for specific laws about the possession and use of pepper spray products.<br><br><strong>Why wasp spray should not be used for defense</strong><br>
1. There's no research to suggest wasp spray would stop an attacker.<br>
2. Using a pesticide in a manner other than according to labeled directions is a violation of federal law (the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act).<br>
3. It is illegal (finable offense) for anyone to recommend a use other than the labeled use.<br>
4. Personal liability is likely to be significant for a person who deliberately sprays another person with a pesticide.<br>
5. Pesticides such as wasp spray have not been tested on humans. Direct human toxicity data comes from records of accidental exposures and suicide attempts.<br>
6. Poison control records document an amazing number of people who have accidentally sprayed themselves or innocent bystanders when using aerosol cans. An emergency situation may exacerbate that reaction.</p>
<p><strong>Pepper sprays</strong><br>
Capsaicin, the active heat ingredient from cayenne peppers, is used in the temporarily debilitating pepper spray weapons for personal protection. Canisters of pepper spray (also known as OC spray or oleoresin capsicum) dispense a solution containing capsaicin, an inflammatory agent which affects the eyes, respiratory system, skin and muscle coordination.</p>
<p><strong>Wasp sprays</strong><br>
The active ingredients in most wasp sprays contain pyrethrins or pyrethroids. They are derived from a species of the chrysanthemum plant and affect the nervous system.</p>
<p><br><strong>More information</strong><br>
• Insect sprays, <a href="http://www.epa.gov/kidshometour/products/ispray2.htm" class="external_link">http://www.epa.gov/kidshometour/products/ispray2.htm</a><br>
• The University of California Berkeley Police Department, in its campus safety guidelines, lists the physical effects of pepper spray: <a href="http://police.berkeley.edu/documents/campus-safety/maceandpepper.pdf" class="external_link">http://police.berkeley.edu/documents/campus-safety/maceandpepper.pdf</a><br>
• Snopes.com tracks urban legends, <a href="http://www.snopes.com/crime/prevent/waspspray.asp" class="external_link">http://www.snopes.com/crime/prevent/waspspray.asp</a></p>
<p>--30—</p>
<p>Released October 30, 2013</p>
<p>Sources: <a href="http://entomology.wsu.edu/blog/faculty/research-extension/daniels/" class="external_link">Catherine Daniels</a>, PhD, Washington State University, <a href="mailto:cdaniels@wsu.edu" class="mailto_link">cdaniels@wsu.edu</a><br><a href="http://www.extension.org/68692" class="local_link">Janet Hurley</a>, MPA, Texas A&amp;M AgriLife Extension Service, <a href="mailto:ja-hurley@tamu.edu" class="mailto_link">ja-hurley@tamu.edu</a><br><a href="http://www.extension.org/69001" class="local_link">Kaci Buhl</a>, MS, Oregon State University, <a href="mailto:buhlk@ace.orst.edu" class="mailto_link">buhlk@ace.orst.edu</a></p>
<p>Writer: Lynette Spicer, eXtension, <a href="mailto:lynette.spicer@eXtension.org" class="mailto_link">lynette.spicer@eXtension.org</a></p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/69006/wayne-buhler-north-carolina-state
Wayne Buhler North Carolina State 2014-06-13T18:28:27Z
<p><img height="446" width="418" alt="W. Buhler" title="Buhler bio picture" class="media-element file-media-original" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/wbuhler-PES-bio_0.jpg"></p>
<p><strong>Wayne Buhler</strong> is a Professor, Extension Specialist, and Assistant Department Head in the Department of Horticultural Science at North Carolina State University.</p>
<p>He is the Coordinator for the NC Pesticide Safety Education Program (<a href="http://ipm.ncsu.edu/pesticidesafety" class="external_link">http://ipm.ncsu.edu/pesticidesafety</a>). His responsibilities include the development and distribution of educational materials dealing with the proper and responsible use of pesticides for the certification and recertification of pesticide applicators. Wayne works with his Extension colleagues throughout the U.S. to create content for the Pesticide Environmental Stewardship website (<a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org" class="external_link">http://pesticidestewardship.org</a>) and eXtension Pesticide Stewardship CoP.</p>
<p>Wayne was born in New Jersey, grew up on the beaches of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and moved with his family to Indiana after graduating high school. He completed his Bachelor’s degree at Anderson University in Indiana, and has a Master’s degree and a PhD in Entomology from Purdue University. He is married and has 3 daughters, plus a female toy fox terrier (life is good!). He used to be good at football, baseball and slow-pitch softball, and now plays sports that don’t require as much running, like corn-hole.</p>
<h2>Contact Information</h2>
<p>Wayne G. Buhler, Ph.D.<br>
Professor and Pesticide Education Specialist<br>
Department of Horticultural Science, CALS <br>
North Carolina State University <br>
Box 7609, Raleigh, NC 27695-7609<br>
Voice 919/515-5369 / Fax 919/515-7747 / email <a href="mailto:wayne_buhler@ncsu.edu" class="mailto_link">wayne_buhler@ncsu.edu</a> </p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/70182/clyde-ogg-university-of-nebraska-lincoln
Clyde Ogg, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 2014-06-13T17:06:44Z
<p><img height="260" width="446" alt="Photo of Clyde Ogg" class="media-element file-media-bio" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/styles/bio/public/Clyde%20Ogg%20446260_0.jpg" title=""></p>
<p><strong>Clyde Ogg</strong> is an Extension Educator in the Agronomy and Horticulture Department at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL).</p>
<p>He is the Coordinator for the UNL Pesticide Safety Education Program (PSEP) (<a href="http://pested.unl.edu" class="external_link">http://pested.unl.edu</a>). He develops the educational materials that are used for the certification and recertification of private applicators, commercial, and noncommercial applicators of general- and restricted-use pesticides. These resources require constant review and update to keep current with scientific research and changes in legal requirements at state and national levels. Ogg is author or co-author of more than 100 NebGuides, Z-mags, Extension Circulars, training manuals, videotapes/DVDs, and other curricula materials.</p>
<p>Clyde completed his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Entomology at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. He leads the <em>Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Sensitive Environments Program </em>(<a href="http://schoolipm.unl.edu" class="external_link">http://schoolipm.unl.edu</a>) effort for Nebraska, and is co-leader of the <em>UNL IPM Coalition</em>, which currently has 60 members and meets quarterly with educational presentations at each meeting. Ogg also assists K-12 schools and child care centers in Nebraska, and the Winnebago and Omaha tribal nations with their pest management needs. </p>
<h2><strong>Contact Information</strong></h2>
<p>Clyde L. Ogg M.S.<br>
Extension Educator and PSEP Coordinator<br>
Agronomy and Horticulture Department <br>
University of Nebraska-Lincoln <br>
Lincoln, NE 68583-0971<br>
Voice 402/472-1632 / email <a href="mailto:cogg@unl.edu" class="mailto_link">cogg@unl.edu</a> </p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/70184/erin-bauer-university-of-nebraska-lincoln
Erin Bauer, University of Nebraska--Lincoln 2014-06-13T17:05:47Z
<p><img height="260" width="446" class="media-element file-media-bio" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/styles/bio/public/IMG_2921.JPG" alt="" title=""></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Erin Bauer works as the Extension Associate in the Pesticide Safety Education Program (PSEP) Office in the Agronomy and Horticulture Department at the University of Nebraska—Lincoln. Her educational background includes earning her bachelor’s degree in education from the University of Nebraska at Omaha in 1995; her MLIS (Master's of Library and Information Science) from Rosary College (now Dominican University) in River Forest, IL, in 1996; and her MS in Entomology in August 2013 from UNL.<br>
<br>
Erin joined the PSEP Office staff in 2004 and has been involved in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Pesticide Education since that time. She has worked on revising pesticide training manuals and videos, creating PSEP dramatization videos, developing web-based IPM learning modules, doing IPM assessments in Lincoln and Omaha schools, working on IPM with child care centers and the Winnebago and Omaha tribal schools, co-leading a statewide IPM coalition, and developing and presenting youth programs such as the "Pest Private Eye" video game, which teaches children about IPM, and Stormwater Sleuth, which teaches about stormwater runoff.</p>
<p>Contact Erin at <strong><em><a href="mailto:ebauer2@unl.edu" class="mailto_link">ebauer2@unl.edu</a> </em></strong></p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/69001/kaci-buhl
Kaci Buhl 2014-06-11T16:36:38Z
<p><img height="219" width="375" class="media-element file-media-original" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/kaci_0.jpg" alt="" title=""></p>
<p>Kaci was born and raised in Michigan, where she loved the outdoors. After being inspired by some wonderful teachers, she started hunting bugs and studied entomology at Michigan State University. Entomology led to pest management, which led to pesticide science. After earning her master’s degree, she joined the National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC) as a pesticide specialist. Kaci enjoys working directly with the public, responding to real-life questions about the risks and benefits of different pest management strategies.</p>
<p>Kaci worked with the Oregon Department of Agriculture as a Pesticide Investigator, monitoring compliance and responding to complaints. Since 2006, Kaci has been coordinating operations at NPIC, collaboratively writing publications, web content, podcasts, and other outreach materials that speak to the real issues people report to the Center.</p>
<p>Kaci is a Senior Faculty Research Assistant at Oregon State University in the Department for Environmental &amp; Molecular Toxicology. She is the Coordinator for the National Pesticide Information Center, which is open Monday – Friday at 1-800-858-7378. The website is available in English and Spanish at <a href="http://npic.orst.edu" class="external_link">http://npic.orst.edu</a>.</p>
<h2>Contact Information</h2>
<p>Kaci Buhl, M.S.<br>
Coordinator, National Pesticide Information Center<br>
Senior Faculty Research Assistant, Department for Environmental and Molecular Toxicology<br>
Oregon State University<br>
Email: <a href="mailto:buhlk@ace.orst.edu" class="mailto_link">buhlk@ace.orst.edu</a></p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59641/ipm-integrated-pest-management
IPM-Integrated Pest Management 2014-02-13T15:41:07Z
<p><a id="Integrated_Pest_Management" name="Integrated_Pest_Management"></a></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline"><b>Integrated Pest Management</b> </span></h2>
<div class="floatleft"><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/d/d1/Peperscount(s1).jpg" title="Peperscount(s1).jpg"><img alt="" border="0" height="180" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/d/d1/Peperscount(s1).jpg" width="144"></a></div>
<p>Integrated Pest Management, or IPM, combines appropriate methods to reduce pests such as weeds, insects, diseases, and rodents to acceptable levels while causing the least impact on the environment and public health. The practice of IPM is not limited to agriculture, but is used in schools, daycare centers, parks, homes, golf courses and gardens. IPM programs can be site-, crop- or pest-specific. This web site presents the basic concepts of IPM and provides links to more detailed resources.</p>
<p><br>
There are many resources on the following pages. Be sure to click on the links and explore the information these pages provide.</p>
<p> </p>
<hr><ul>
<li>Follow these links for pesticide stewardship information on Pesticidestewardship.org
<ul>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/ipm/Pages/IntroductiontoIPM.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/ipm/Pages/IntroductiontoIPM.aspx">-Introduction to Integrated Pest Management</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/ipm/Pages/Monitoring.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/ipm/Pages/Monitoring.aspx">-Monitoring for pests</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/ipm/Pages/Assessment.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/ipm/Pages/Assessment.aspx">-Assessing the pest situation</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/ipm/Pages/TakingAction.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/ipm/Pages/TakingAction.aspx">-Taking action</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/ipm/Pages/IPM_Links.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/ipm/Pages/IPM_Links.aspx">-Links to more IPM information</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/ipm/Documents/QuizModule/index.htm" class="external_link">-Test Your knowledge of IPM with this knowledge quiz.</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul><p>Authored by Ronald D. Gardner</p>
<div class="floatleft"><a href="http://psep.cce.cornell.edu/" class="external_link">Pesticide Safety Education Program (PMEP)</a></div> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/60010/pesticide-stewardship-contents
Pesticide Stewardship Contents 2013-10-11T02:54:17Z
<p><strong>PESTICIDE STEWARDSHIP ARTICLES</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/HowToReadTheLabel/Pages/default.aspx" class="external_link">How to Read the Label</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/default.aspx" title="Sprayer Calibration" class="external_link">Calibration of pesticide application equipment </a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/disposal/Pages/default.aspx" title="PesticideDisposal" class="external_link">Pesticide Disposal</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/default.aspx" title="Controlling Drift" class="external_link">Understanding and Managing Drift</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/container/Pages/default.aspx" title="Handling Pesticide Containers" class="external_link">Handling Pesticide Containers</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/homeowner/Pages/introduction.aspx" title="Homeowner" class="external_link">Pesticide Information for Homeowners</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/ipm/Pages/default.aspx" title="IPM-Integrated Pest Management" class="external_link">IPM = Integrated Pest Management</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/PPE/Pages/default.aspx" class="external_link">Personal Protective Equipment</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/PollinatorProtection/Pages/default.aspx" class="external_link">Protecting Pollinators</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/POP/Pages/default.aspx" title="Recordkeeping" class="external_link">Recordkeeping</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Pages/default.aspx" class="external_link">Understanding Pesticide Resistance</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/default.aspx" title="Pesticide Spills" class="external_link">Pesticide Spills - Prevention and Cleanup</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/default.aspx" title="Pesticide Storage" class="external_link">Pesticide Storage</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/water/Pages/default.aspx" title="Protecting Water" class="external_link">Protecting Water from Pesticide Pollution</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Transportation/Pages/default.aspx" class="external_link">Transportation of Pesticides</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/default.aspx" title="Non-Target" class="external_link">Wildlife Protection</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/wps/Pages/default.aspx" class="external_link">Learn about the Worker Protection Standard</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/POP/Pages/default.aspx" class="external_link">Organic Production and Pesticide Use</a></li>
</ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/terms/Pages/default.aspx" title="Pesticide Terms and Acronyms" class="external_link">Pesticide Terms and Acronyms</a></li>
</ul><p> </p>
<hr><p> </p>
<p><strong>PESTICIDE STEWARDSHIP LEARNING MODULES</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li><a href="/pages/59916/learning-modules-for-pesticide-applicators" class="internal_link">Learning Modules for Pesticide Applicators</a></li>
</ul><p> </p>
<hr><p><strong>WHO ARE WE?</strong></p>
<p><a href="/pages/59788/pesticide-environmental-stewardship-community-page" title="Pesticide Stewardship Community Page" class="internal_link">Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Community Page</a></p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/69792/organic-production-and-the-role-of-pesticides
Organic Production and the Role of Pesticides 2013-10-10T16:23:19Z
<p> </p>
<p><img height="477" width="740" alt="Fresh Vegetables" title="Fresh Vegetables" class="media-element file-media-original" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/Three-Veg1(fea).jpg"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong><span class="ms-rteFontSize-3"><span class="ms-rteFontSize-4"><em>This article is about how and when pesticides are used in the production of ornamental and food-producing plants by organic growers</em></span></span>.</strong></p>
<p>There is a common belief that the organic designation means pesticide-free, but in fact <strong>pesticides are often used in organic production</strong>. It is important to understand what IS or IS NOT a pesticide and how to properly handle pesticides, so that organic growers can maintain their USDA certification, protect their workers and the environment.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/POP/Pages/default.aspx" class="external_link">-Organic Production and Pesticides</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/POP/Pages/What-Organic-Means.aspx" class="external_link">-The Meaning of Organic</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/POP/Pages/Terms-to-Know.aspx" class="external_link">-Know the terms of Organic production</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/POP/Pages/Organic-Certification.aspx" class="external_link">-What is Organic Certification</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/POP/Pages/When-Pesticides-can-be-Used.aspx" class="external_link">-When are Pesticides Used?</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/POP/Pages/What-Pesticides-are-Allowed.aspx" class="external_link">- What are Organic Growers Using?</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/POP/Pages/Safe-Use-of-Approved-Pesticides.aspx" class="external_link">-Use Pesticide in a Safe Manner</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/POP/Pages/Recordkeeping-and-Worker-Safety.aspx" class="external_link">-Keeping Good Records is Important</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/POP/Pages/Disease-Management.aspx" class="external_link">-Organic Disease Management</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/POP/Pages/Insect-Management.aspx" class="external_link">-Organic Insect Management</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/POP/Pages/Weed-Management.aspx" class="external_link">-Organic Weed Management</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/POP/Pages/Resources.aspx" class="external_link">-More Information and Resources</a></li>
</ul><p><span class="ms-rteFontSize-3">Initially compiled by <strong>Lenora Jones, Washington State Univ. Urban IPM program</strong></span></p>
<p><span class="ms-rteFontSize-2">It has been reviewed and edited by:</span><br class="ms-rteFontSize-2"><span class="ms-rteFontSize-2">Dean Herzfeld, Ph.D., Pesticide Safety Education Specialist, University of Minnesota.</span><br class="ms-rteFontSize-2"><span class="ms-rteFontSize-2">Wayne Buhler, Ph.D., Pesticide Safety Education Specialist, NC State University.</span></p>
<p> </p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/69657/pests-affecting-shiitake-mushrooms
Pests Affecting Shiitake Mushrooms 2013-09-24T03:01:22Z
<p> </p>
<h2 align="center"><strong>Pests Affecting Shiitake Mushrooms</strong></h2>
<h2 align="center"><strong style="font-size: 12px;">Greg Frey- Virginia State University</strong></h2>
<p> </p>
<hr><p>There are some pests that are often noticed in association with shiitake mushroom production. Fortunately, there are not a large number of pests that cause serious problems. The principle problem with shiitake may be from other fungi that affect the log and shiitake mycelia. Because the fruiting bodies grow quickly on the log and should be harvested quickly before the mushroom caps get flattened out, there is not usually a lot of time for pests to do a lot of damage to the actual mushrooms. Here are a few of the most common pests (Bak and Kwon 2005):</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<div><img height="206" width="630" style="width: 750px; height: 245px;" class="media-element file-media-large" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Shiitake%20pests%20copy.jpg" alt="" title=""></div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<strong>Fungi </strong>– Many fungi can have an impact on shiitake production. There are fungi that compete with shiitake for the nutrients in the log, fungi that create conditions that are inhospitable to shiitake (such as drying the log), and others that directly attack shiitake. Prevention: Inoculate the logs in a timely manner after cutting, to provide shiitake the best chance to establish a strong colony in the logs before competing fungi do. Provide adequate ventilation and drainage, and ensure the logs are in the shade and do not get too dry. If possible, keep logs off the soil and away from other possible contamination vectors. Logs that are seriously infected with disease fungi should be removed from the site.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<p><strong>Beetles </strong>– Some types of beetles may cause damage by digging under the bark in the larval phase, or introducing other fungi. If the bark falls off the log, it will dry out and the shiitake will die. Prevention: If beetles have been a problem in the past, you might consider covering the logs with a mesh to keep beetles from laying eggs on the logs.</p>
<p><strong>S</strong><strong>oldier Beetles </strong>– These small bugs can be seen in the gills on the underside of the mushrooms. They do not harm the mushroom, but actually eat tiny mites that cannot be seen with the naked eye. Prevention: Harvest mushrooms quickly while caps are still rounded. Treatment: After harvest, it is possible to blow the beetles out of the mushrooms with a hair dryer.</p>
<p><strong>Termites </strong>– Termites are not usually a problem, but can destroy the log. Prevention: Keep logs off the soil by using pallets or something else.</p>
</div>
<div>
<strong>Slugs and snails </strong>– Slugs and snails can be a serious problem, especially in moist weather. Prevention: Harvest mushrooms quickly while caps are still rounded. Provide adequate ventilation and drainage. Eliminate places where snails and slugs feed, shelter, and reproduce such as rotting wood, leftover materials like flats and boxes, and dead plant material. Decoy and trap snails with cabbage or lettuce leaves and promptly remove any snails you find. Lime and wood ash can deter slugs and snails.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<p style=""><strong>Mammals </strong>(mice, squirrels, deer, rabbits) – Some wild and domestic animals have been noted feeding on shiitake. Prevention: A variety of techniques may be effective, including fences, wire screens, or other barriers; or repellents. Harvest mushrooms quickly.</p>
<hr>
<p><strong>References</strong></p>
<p>Bak, WC and Kwon H. 2005. Biology and control of pests and diseases in shiitake log cultivation. Mushroom Growers’ Handbook. 152-161.</p>
</div>
<p> </p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/68984/ronald-gardner-cornell-university
Ronald Gardner, Cornell University 2013-08-21T15:08:05Z
<p><img height="260" width="446" alt="Ron G" title="Ron at Cooperstown" class="media-element file-media-original" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/Ron-boat(sm).jpg"></p>
<p>Ronald D. Gardner (Ron)</p>
<p>He is a Senior Extension Associate at Cornell University in the Pesticide Management Education Program where his primary job is the education of New York’s pesticide applicators. He is a leader of the Pesticide Stewardship Community of practice and a member of the American Association of Pesticide Safety Educators. For 33 years, he has been in research and education.</p>
<p>Ron was born and raised on a Dairy Farm in the Finger Lakes Region of the New York State. He has college degrees in Public Health, Environmental Health and Entomology. He has written several training manuals used to certify applicators including the manuals in the Food Processing, Termite, and Right-of-Way applicator categories. He also has created and manages the PMEP Distance Learning Center an online education system for licensed applicators to earn recertification credits.</p>
<p>Ron is a Past President of the New York State Association of Milk and Food Sanitarians is Chairman of the Northeast Pesticide Coordinators.</p>
<h2>Contact Information</h2>
<p>Ronald D. Gardner<br>
Cornell University<br>
Pesticide Management education Program (PMEP)<br>
5144 Comstock Hall<br>
Ithaca, NY 14853-0901<br>
email: <a href="mailto:rdg5@cornell.edu" class="mailto_link">rdg5@cornell.edu</a><br>
Voice: 607-255-1866<br>
Fax: 607-255-3075</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59565/what-is-pesticide-drift
What is pesticide drift? 2013-08-19T13:06:21Z
<p>Pesticide drift occurs whenever a pesticide leaves the intended target site through the air during or soon after application. Learn more about drift on the following web page: (<a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/TypesofDrift.aspx" class="external_link">http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/TypesofDrift.aspx</a>)</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/43591/what-are-pesticide-signal-words
What are pesticide signal words? 2013-08-16T17:33:20Z
<p>Signal words are the words used on a pesticide label to indicate the level of acute toxicity. DANGER-POISON with a skull and crossbones is used for extremely toxic compounds, DANGER for skin and eye irritants, WARNING for very toxic, and CAUTION for moderately and slightly toxic pesticides. EPA uses four categories to classify pesticides.</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/43619/what-is-a-pesticide
What is a pesticide? 2013-08-16T17:30:17Z
<p>According to the U.S. EPA, <a href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/about/" class="external_link">a pesticide is </a>any "substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest." Pests can include insects, mice and other animals, unwanted plants (weeds), fungi, or microorganisms. Though often misunderstood to refer only to insecticides, the term pesticide also applies to herbicides, fungicides, and various other substances used to control pests. Under United States law, a pesticide is also any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant.</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/44092/how-can-farmers-gardeners-and-applicators-reduce-risks-of-honey-bee-injury-from-pesticide-applicatio
How can farmers, gardeners and applicators reduce risks of honey bee injury from pesticide applications? 2013-08-16T13:46:09Z
<p>Do not treat fields in bloom. Be especially careful when treating crops, such as alfalfa, sunflowers and canola, which are highly attractive to bees. Insecticide labels carry warning statements about application during bloom. Always read and follow the label. Examine fields and field margins before spraying to determine if bees are foraging on flowering weeds. Milkweed, smartweed and dandelion are examples of common weeds that are highly attractive to honey bees. Where feasible, eliminate blooming weeds by mowing or tillage prior to insecticide application. While bright and colorful flowers are highly attractive to bees, some plants with inconspicuous blossoms such as dock, lambsquarter and ragweed also are visited. When examining areas for blooming plants, consider all blooming plants. It is also important to be aware that many plants only offer pollen and nectar for a few hours each day. Fields should be scouted for bees at the same time of day as the anticipated insecticide application. Choose short residual products and low hazard formulations. If insecticides must be applied during the flowering period to save a crop, select the least hazardous option. Avoid spray drift. Give careful attention to the position of blooming crops and weeds relative to wind speed and direction. Changing spray nozzles or reducing pressure can increase droplet size and reduce spray drift. Apply insecticides when bees are not foraging. Some insecticides can be applied in late evening or early morning (i.e. from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m.) with relative safety. In the case of corn, bees collect pollen from tassels in the early morning and are not present in the afternoon or evening. Short residual materials applied from late afternoon until midnight do not pose a bee hazard in corn fields if blooming weeds are not present. Adjust spray programs in relation to weather conditions. Reconsider the timing of insecticide application if unusually low temperatures are expected that night. Cool temperatures can delay the degradation process and cause residues to remain toxic to bees the following day. Stop applications when temperatures rise and bees re-enter the field in early morning. Contact local beekeepers and obtain locations of bee yards. Many state law requires that apiaries be clearly identified with the name, address and phone number of the beekeeper. Identification may appear on one or more colonies, or a separate sign may be posted in the apiary. Some state departments of agriculture maintain a list of apiary locations and can help identify the owner. If colonies are present in an area that will be sprayed with a bee-toxic insecticide, contact beekeepers in time for them to protect or move the colonies. Many pesticide applications pose minimal risk to bees, and beekeepers may choose to accept some risk rather than move colonies. Notify beekeepers as far in advance as possible. Read the pesticide label. Carefully follow listed precautions with regard to bee safety. Maintain bee forage areas. Intensive agriculture often increases bee dependence on cultivated crops for forage. Encouraging bee forage plants in wild or uncultivated areas will reduce bee dependence on crop plants that may require pesticide treatments. Plants recommended for uncultivated areas include sweet clover, white Dutch clover, alfalfa, purple vetch, birdsfoot trefoil, and partridge pea. Most trees and shrubs are beneficial to bees. The most attractive include linden, black locust, honey locust, Russian olive, wild plums, elderberries, red maples, willows, and honeysuckle. Soil conservation, natural resource and game managers usually are eager to help establish plantings that benefit bees. These areas also conserve soil and provide valuable habitat for plant and wildlife conservation programs. - Marion Ellis, University of Nebraska</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59574/what-is-wps-and-how-does-it-protect-employees-from-pesticides
What is WPS and how does it protect employees from pesticides? 2013-08-16T13:45:10Z
<p>The Worker Protection Standard (WPS) was issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This regulation covers pesticides that are used in the production of agricultural plants on farms, forests, nurseries, and greenhouses. The WPS requires employers to provide handlers and workers with</p>
<ul>
<li>pesticide safety training,</li>
<li>notification of pesticide applications,</li>
<li>use of personal protective equipment,</li>
<li>restricted entry intervals following pesticide application,</li>
<li>decontamination supplies, and</li>
<li>emergency medical assistance.</li>
</ul><p>Refer to the following website for more information: <a href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/health/worker.htm" class="external_link">Worker Safety and Training</a> from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59972/does-organic-mean-using-no-pesticides
Does organic mean using no pesticides? 2013-08-16T13:44:22Z
<p>Organic in its simplest term, means it has carbon in its molecular structure. However, today the term organic is used more broadly to mean it is derived from something that was living at one time as compared to a mineral-based or laboratory-synthesized material. <a href="http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&amp;sid=f78996836124d0b7e484704e79bfbaa7&amp;rgn=div6&amp;view=text&amp;node=7:3.1.1.9.32.7&amp;idno=7" class="external_link">USDA maintains a list of pesticides approved for organic food and fiber production</a>. Many pesticides are approved for organic crops, such as Bt (<span class="st"><em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em>) for insect control</span>.</p>
<p>For more information on organics, see USDA's <a href="http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/nop" class="external_link">National Organic Program</a> website.</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/61655/what-should-be-the-minimum-distance-between-my-pesticide-storage-facility-and-a-well
What should be the minimum distance between my pesticide storage facility and a well? 2013-08-16T13:43:48Z
<p>Pesticide storage buildings should be <strong>at least</strong> 100 feet from a wellhead and 100 feet from a public water supply. Some states may require a different setback distance (see <a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/LawsandRegulations.aspx" class="external_link"><strong>Laws and Regulations</strong></a>). The best practice is to maintain as great a distance as possible between any potential contaminant and water sources. In addition, pesticide storage buildings should be located away from river and stream floodplains, ditches, ponds, and any other likely source of flooding. For more information, see <a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/StorageBuildingLocation.aspx" class="external_link">Storage Building and Location</a> in the Pesticide Environmental Stewardship website.</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/60024/what-is-an-inversion-and-how-does-that-affect-my-application
What is an inversion and how does that affect my application? 2013-08-16T13:41:45Z
<p>An inversion can occur when the ground releases heat into the atmosphere and causes the air to cool and form a stagnant layer with little or no wind. Small spray droplets can be suspended in this layer and move any direction from the field with a small wind gust or follow the landscape down slope from the application site. Temperature inversions are favorable to long distance pesticide drift. With the cool, humid conditions found during a temperature inversion, small droplets can remain suspended above the sprayed area for a long time. Just as morning fog slowly moves into lower elevations, the concentrated cloud of droplets can move down slope with the layer of cool air and cause damage or contamination for miles. Sloped areas are not the only concern during temperature inversions. As winds pick up, suspended droplets can be carried great distances from level application sites as well. Learn more about inversions and other weather factors that affect pesticide applications by visiting this web site:(<a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/EvaluatetheWeatherConditions.aspx" class="external_link">http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/EvaluatetheWeatherConditions.aspx</a>)</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59550/where-can-i-find-information-on-building-a-pesticide-storage-facility
Where can I find information on building a pesticide storage facility? 2013-08-16T13:41:03Z
<p>The following web page lists options for pesticide storage facilities. <a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/StorageBuildingLocation.aspx" class="external_link">http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/StorageBuildingLocation.aspx</a></p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/61114/understanding-pesticide-resistance
Understanding Pesticide Resistance 2013-08-16T13:39:33Z
<p><img height="336" width="721" class="media-element file-media-original" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/cotton-pest(ban).jpg" alt="" title=""><strong>Pesticide </strong><strong>Resistance</strong> is a serious, and growing, problem.</p>
<p><a id="Groundwater.2FSurface_Water" name="Groundwater.2FSurface_Water"></a></p>
<h2> </h2>
<p><a id="Protecting_Water_from_Pesticide_Pollution" name="Protecting_Water_from_Pesticide_Pollution"></a></p>
<h3> </h3>
<p><img height="283" width="321" style="width: 200px; height: 176px; float: left; margin: 5px; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid;" class="media-image media-image-left media-element file-media-original" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/cotton-pest_0.png" alt="" title=""><strong>Pesticide </strong><strong>Resistance</strong> is a serious, and growing, problem. Worldwide, more than 600 species of pests have developed some level of pesticide resistance. If resistance to a particular pesticide or “family” of pesticides evolves, these products can no longer be effectively used thereby reducing the options available for pest management.</p>
<p>Pesticide resistance is a <strong>change in the sensitivity of a pest population </strong>to a pesticide. This results in the failure of a pesticide application to control the pest. Resistance can develop when the same pesticide or similar ones are used over and over again. Many think that pests change or mutate to become resistant, but the truth is all cases of resistance are driven by the process of selection.</p>
<p>Follow the links below and learn mechanisms of resistance for each major type of pesticide: <strong>insecticides and herbicides</strong>. The methods that can be used to prevent or manage resistance is also presented.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Pages/understandingresistance.aspx" class="external_link">-Understanding Pesticide Resistance</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Pages/PreventingResistance.aspx" class="external_link">-Preventing Resistance</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Herbicide/Pages/HerbicideResistance.aspx" class="external_link">-Herbicide Resistance</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Herbicide/Pages/TermstoKnow.aspx" class="external_link">Herbicide Resistance Terms to Know</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Herbicide/Pages/Is-Resistance-to-Blame.aspx" class="external_link">Is Resistance to Blame-Herbicide</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Herbicide/Pages/Incidence-and-History-of-Herbicide-Resistance.aspx" class="external_link">Incidence and History of Herbicide Resistance</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Herbicide/Pages/Mechanisms-of-Herbicide-Resistance.aspx" class="external_link">Mechanisms of Herbicide Resistance</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Herbicide/Pages/Proactive-Herbicide-Resistance-Management.aspx" class="external_link">Proactive Herbicide Resistance Management</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Herbicide/Pages/How-to-Manage-Herbicide-Resistance.aspx" class="external_link">How to Manage Herbicide Resistance</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Herbicide/Pages/Spraying-by-the-Numbers--Herbicide.aspx" class="external_link">Spraying by the Numbers-Herbicide</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Herbicide/Pages/Resources-and-Suggested-Reading.aspx" class="external_link">Resources and Suggested Reading</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Herbicide/Pages/Resistance-Modules.aspx" class="external_link">Resistance Lessons</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Insecticide/Pages/InsecticideResistance.aspx" class="external_link">-Insecticide Resistance</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Insecticide/Pages/Insecticide-Resistance-Mechanisms.aspx" class="external_link">Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Insecticide/Pages/Is-Resistance-to-Blame--Insecticides.aspx" class="external_link">Is Resistance to Blame</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Insecticide/Pages/Raised-Resistance-Risks.aspx" class="external_link">Raised Resistance Risks</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Insecticide/Pages/Resources-and-Suggested-Readings--Insecticide.aspx" class="external_link">Resources and Suggested Reading</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Insecticide/Pages/Spraying-by-the-Numbers.aspx" class="external_link">Spraying by the numbers-Insecticides</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Insecticide/Pages/Take-Steps-to-Avoid-PInsecticide-Resistance.aspx" class="external_link">Take Steps to Avoid Insecticide Resistance</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/Insecticide/Pages/What-Can-You-Do-About-resistant-Insects.aspx" class="external_link">What Can You Do About Resistant Insects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/FungicideResistance/Pages/FungicideResistance.aspx" class="external_link">-Fungicide Resistance</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/FungicideResistance/Pages/FungicideResistance.aspx" class="external_link">Fungicide Terms to Know </a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/FungicideResistance/Pages/Is-Resistance-to-Blame.aspx" class="external_link">Is Resistance to Blame?</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/FungicideResistance/Pages/Mechanisms-of-Fungicide-Resistance.aspx" class="external_link">Mechanisms of Fungicide Resistance</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/FungicideResistance/Pages/Proactive-Fungicide-Resistance-Avoidance.aspx" class="external_link">Proactive Fungicide Resistance Avoidance</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/FungicideResistance/Pages/Raised-Resistance-Risks.aspx" class="external_link">Raised Resistance Risks</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/FungicideResistance/Pages/Spraying-by-the-Numbers.aspx" class="external_link">Spraying by the Numbers-Fungicides</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul><p>Compiled by Dr Wayne Buhler</p>
<p><a href="http://ipm.ncsu.edu/pesticidesafety/" class="external_link">The North Carolina Pesticide Safety Education Program</a></p>
<p> </p>
<hr><hr><p> </p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59635/pesticide-storage
Pesticide Storage 2013-08-15T19:12:14Z
<p><a id="Introduction" name="Introduction"></a></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Introduction</span></h2>
<p><a id="Pesticide_Storage" name="Pesticide_Storage"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Pesticide Storage</span></h3>
<div class="floatleft"><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/5/5a/Storage-Feature2.jpg" title="Storage-Feature2.jpg"><img height="336" width="721" style="width: 721px; height: 336px;" alt="Red Shed" class="media-element file-media-original" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/RedBarn.jpg" title=""></a></div>
<p>Storing pesticides properly protects human and animal health, safeguards wells and surface waters, and prevents unauthorized access to hazardous chemicals. Proper pesticide storage and inventory practices will prolong the shelf-life of pesticides and make it easier to track your pesticide usage so that you can plan purchases for future years.</p>
<p><br>
The pesticide label is the best guide to specific storage requirements for every pesticide product. This site provides important details on storage practices, facilities and other pertinent information.</p>
<p> </p>
<hr><ul>
<li>Follow these links for information on Pesticide Storage on Pesticidestewardship.org
<ul>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/default.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/default.aspx">-Introduction</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/StorageBuildingLocation.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/StorageBuildingLocation.aspx">-Storage Building and Location</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/STORAGE/Pages/StorageConditions.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/StorageConditions.aspx">-Storage Conditions</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/StorageSafetyandSecurity.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/StorageSafetyandSecurity.aspx">-Storage Safety and Security</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/ContainerCare.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/ContainerCare.aspx">-Container Care</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/PlanForEmergencies.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/PlanForEmergencies.aspx">-Plan for Emergencies</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/LawsandRegulations.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/LawsandRegulations.aspx">-Laws and Regulations</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/FactSheets.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/FactSheets.aspx">-Fact Sheets</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/StorageChecklist.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/StorageChecklist.aspx">-Storage Checklist</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/StorageAssessment.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/StorageAssessment.aspx">-Storage Assessment</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/StorageEucationalModule.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/StorageEucationalModule.aspx">-Storage Education Module</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/Storageslidepresentation.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/storage/Pages/Storageslidepresentation.aspx">-Storage slide presentation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul><p>REFERENCES CITED: Store Pesticides Safely, Pesticide Information Program Information Sheet, PIP-37. R.G. Bellinger. Sept. 2001. Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service. <a class="external_link" href="http://entweb.clemson.edu/pesticid/saftyed/PIP37sto.pdf" rel="nofollow" title="http://entweb.clemson.edu/pesticid/saftyed/PIP37sto.pdf">http://entweb.clemson.edu/pesticid/saftyed/PIP37sto.pdf</a>.</p>
<p>Pesticide Storage Facilities, FS603. G. M. Ghidiu and G. C. Hamilton. Aug. 2001. Rutgers Cooperative Research &amp; Extension. <a class="external_link" href="http://www.rcre.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS603" rel="nofollow" title="http://www.rcre.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS603">http://www.rcre.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS603</a></p>
<p><br>
Compiled by Dr. Wayne Buhler</p>
<p><a href="http://ipm.ncsu.edu/pesticidesafety/" class="external_link">The North Carolina Pesticide Safety Education Program</a></p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59630/protecting-water-from-pesticide-pollution
Protecting Water from Pesticide Pollution 2013-08-15T18:51:50Z
<div class="hiddenStructure editsection" id="wow">
<img height="336" width="721" alt="Protect water" class="media-element file-media-original" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/Bridge(feature)_0.jpg" title="">This site provides information on the environmental fate of pesticides, how water may become contaminated with pesticides, and how contamination can be prevented.</div>
<p> </p>
<p><a id="Groundwater.2FSurface_Water" name="Groundwater.2FSurface_Water"></a></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Groundwater/Surface Water</span></h2>
<p><a id="Protecting_Water_from_Pesticide_Pollution" name="Protecting_Water_from_Pesticide_Pollution"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Protecting Water from Pesticide Pollution</span></h3>
<div class="floatleft"><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/2/2c/Bridge2(sm)1.jpg" title="Bridge2(sm)1.jpg"><img alt="" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/2/2c/Bridge2(sm)1.jpg" style="border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; width: 180px; height: 135px;"></a></div>
<p>Water is one of our most important resources. The Earth's freshwater is stored in lakes, rivers, and streams, or below ground in aquifers. Water collecting on the ground, or in a stream, river, lake, sea or ocean, is called surface water. Groundwater is below the soil surface and develops from the seepage or infiltration of water into the ground. As water moves, both on the surface, and under the ground, suspended or dissolved substances such as pesticides can move with it. Because surface and groundwater are interconnected, cross contamination can occur.</p>
<p>This site provides information on the environmental fate of pesticides, how water may become contaminated with pesticides, and how contamination can be prevented. A glossary of important terms is located at the end.</p>
<p><br>
Photos courtesy of USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service and Ron Gardner</p>
<hr><ul>
<li>Follow these links for pesticide stewardship information on Pesticidestewardship.org
<ul>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/water/Pages/FateofPesticides.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/water/Pages/FateofPesticides.aspx">-Pesticide fate after application is explained</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/water/Pages/Runoff.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/water/Pages/Runoff.aspx">-Pesticide runoff is explained.</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/water/Pages/Leaching.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/water/Pages/Leaching.aspx">-Pesticide leaching is explained.</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/water/Pages/PreventContamination.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/water/Pages/PreventContamination.aspx">-Practices that prevent contamination are provided on this page.</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/water/Pages/WellsandContamination.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/water/Pages/WellsandContamination.aspx">-How do pesticides contaminate well water is explained.</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/WATER/Pages/WaterTerms.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/water/Pages/WaterTerms.aspx">-Glossary of surface and groundwater terms </a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/water/Pages/References.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/water/Pages/References.aspx">-Resources and References for Protecting Water </a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul><p>Authored by Ronald D. Gardner</p>
<div class="floatleft"><a href="http://psep.cce.cornell.edu/" class="external_link">Pesticide Safety Education Program (PMEP)</a></div>
<p><br>
--Rongardner 18:31, 8 September 2010 (UTC)</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/67748/new-pollinator-protection-resources-for-pesticide-applicators
New Pollinator Protection Resources for Pesticide Applicators 2013-08-01T13:31:23Z
<p> </p>
<p><img height="341" width="720" class="media-element file-media-original" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/BuzBee_3.jpg" alt="" title=""></p>
<p>The Pesticide Environmental Stewardship CoP has recently published a resource on pollinator protection for pesticide applicators.This is important because pollinators are essential to the survival of the majority of flowering plants in our environment and to the production of more than 85 crops. Insects are the most common and abundant pollinators. Among the pollinating insects, the honey bee is relied on to perform most of the commercial pollination. Pesticides play an important role in controlling pest insects, weeds, and diseases on farms and in urban landscapes, but they may also harm pollinators. If you are a pesticide applicator, you are critical to reducing pesticide risks to honey bees.</p>
<p>This module was developed to present information about the protection of honey bees, but the stewardship principles and practices described are applicable to all pollinators.</p>
<hr><p> </p>
<ul>
<li>Follow these links for pesticide stewardship information on Pesticidestewardship.org
<ul>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/PollinatorProtection/Pages/default.aspx" class="external_link">-Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/PollinatorProtection/Pages/Honey%20Bees%20and%20Beekeeping.aspx" class="external_link">-Honey Bees and Beekeeping</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/PollinatorProtection/Pages/Bees-in-Peril.aspx" class="external_link">-Bees in Peril</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/PollinatorProtection/Pages/Pesticide-Toxicity-to-Bees.aspx" class="external_link">-Pesticide Toxicity to Honey Bees</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/PollinatorProtection/Pages/Read%20and%20Follow%20the%20Label.aspx" class="external_link">-Read and Follow the Label</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/PollinatorProtection/Pages/Pesticide-Applicator-BMPs.aspx" class="external_link">-Pesticide Applicator BMPs</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/PollinatorProtection/Pages/Seed-Treatment-Concerns.aspx" class="external_link">-Minimize off-Site Drift of Seed Treatment Materials</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/PollinatorProtection/Pages/Beekeeper-BMPs.aspx" class="external_link">-Beekeeper BMPs</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/PollinatorProtection/Pages/Grower,-Applicator--Beekeeper-Cooperation.aspx" class="external_link">-Cooperate and Communicate with Others</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/PollinatorProtection/Pages/Recognizing-and-Reporting-Bee-Kills.aspx" class="external_link">-Recognizing and Reporting Bee Kills</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/PollinatorProtection/Pages/Resources-and-Suggested-Reading.aspx" class="external_link">-Resources and Suggested Reading</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/PollinatorProtection/Pages/Presentations.aspx" class="external_link">-Presentations on Pollinator Protection</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul><p>Compiled by Wayne Buhler</p>
<p><a href="http://ipm.ncsu.edu/pesticidesafety/" class="external_link">North Carolina State University Pesticide Safety Education Program</a></p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59633/wildlife-protection
Wildlife Protection 2012-04-30T18:30:43Z
<p><a id="Protecting_Non-Target_Species" name="Protecting_Non-Target_Species"></a></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Wildlife Protection </span></h2>
<div class="floatleft"><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/b/b8/Dragonflyhonduras.jpg" title="Dragonflyhonduras.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" height="230" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/b/b8/Dragonflyhonduras.jpg" width="481"></a></div>
<p>The diversity of wildlife habitats throughout our country is surprising. In rural areas fence rows, fields, pastures, ponds, wetlands, and woodlands comprise important habitats for many species of wildlife. Wild species also inhabit urban landscapes, finding food and shelter in lawns, cemeteries, golf courses, parks, etc. Collectively, these habitats urban, rural, public forest, and pristine areas provide resources to support plants (flora) and animals (fauna) that are important and necessary.</p>
<p>This site provides information explains the potential effects of pesticides on wildlife and aquatic organisms; describes the process by which ecological safety assessments are made for registered pesticides; and provides pesticide use recommendations to protect wildlife.</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<hr><ul>
<li>Follow these links for information on the potential effects of pesticides on wildlife on Pesticidestewardship.org
<ul>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/default.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/default.aspx">-Introduction</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/PesticidesandWildlife.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/PesticidesandWildlife.aspx">-Pesticides and Wildlife</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/TestingRequirements.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/TestingRequirements.aspx">-Testing Requirements</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/WildlifeStewardship.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/WildlifeStewardship.aspx">-Wildlife Stewardship</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/Regulatoryreview.aspx" class="external_link">-Regulatory Review</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/PesticideImpact.aspx" class="external_link">-Pesticide Impact</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/InjuredWildlife.aspx" class="external_link">-Injured Wildlife</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/ResourceAgencies.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/ResourceAgencies.aspx">-Resource Agencies</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/StatutesandLaws.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/StatutesandLaws.aspx">-Statutes and Laws</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/InformationSources.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/InformationSources.aspx">-Information Sources</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/SpecialWildlifePrograms.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Non-target/Pages/SpecialWildlifePrograms.aspx">-Special Wildlife Programs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul><p><br>
Authored by Fred Whitford, et al.</p>
<div class="floatleft"><a href="http://www.ppp.purdue.edu/" class="external_link">Purdue Pesticide Programs (PPP)</a></div>
<p>The information in this site the property of Purdue University, reprinted from <a class="external_link" href="http://www.btny.purdue.edu/Pubs/PPP/PPP30.html" rel="nofollow" title="http://www.btny.purdue.edu/Pubs/PPP/PPP30.html">http://www.btny.purdue.edu/Pubs/PPP/PPP30.html</a>. All information on authors and disclaimers relative to the use of this information can be found at that address.</p>
<hr><p> </p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59788/pesticide-environmental-stewardship-community-page
Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Community Page 2012-04-30T14:14:35Z
<h1 dir="ltr" id="internal-source-marker_0.3634663657357723">Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Community of Practice (PES CoP)</h1>
<br><p>Striving to enhance the effectiveness of pesticides while providing protection for people, plants, animals and the environment, the PES CoP seeks to provide the basic principles of stewardship for pesticide applications to:</p>
<ul>
<li>agricultural and horticultural crops,</li>
<li>gardens and lawns,</li>
<li>residences and other structures</li>
</ul><h2 dir="ltr">PES CoP Goals</h2>
<ul>
<li>Summarize principles of pesticide stewardship,</li>
<li>Provide resources (links) by stewardship topic, and</li>
<li>Provide educational modules and self-assessment tools.</li>
</ul><p>The PES CoP complements the work of county Extension agents state-level Pesticide Safety Education programs, industry, non-profit organizations, and others engaged in pesticide stewardship. This website covers a wide variety of stewardship topics, ranging from pesticide storage, handling, and disposal to how to avoid drift, runoff, and leaching during and after the application. </p>
<h2 dir="ltr">Tools You Can Use</h2>
<ul>
<li>Topics:
<ul>
<li>Each topic area provided through PES may contain fact sheets, educational modules, self-assessment tools, links to key external resources, and federal and state regulations.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>FAQ’s:
<ul>
<li>Questions on a variety of subjects will help quickly steer a user to information that may answer a particular question. Found on eXtension.org and through the FAQ widget.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Educational modules:
<ul>
<li>Educational modules will gauge the user’s knowledge of a specific PES topic or the interrelatedness of several topics before and after reading a portion of the website contents.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Self-assessments:
<ul>
<li>Self-assessment tools will allow individuals to define their own PES situations and evaluate the environmental impact of alternative management practices and stewardship decisions.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Ask an Expert:
<ul>
<li>Used to field extension related questions from the public on the eXtension.org website and through the AaE widget.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul><br><h2 dir="ltr">Current Topics</h2>
<ul>
<li>Calibration</li>
<li>Container Recycling</li>
<li>Drift Management</li>
<li>Integrated Pest Management</li>
<li>Pesticide Disposal</li>
<li>Pesticide Resistance</li>
<li>Pesticide Safety for the Homeowner</li>
<li>Protection of Groundwater/Surface Water</li>
<li>Protection of Non-Target Organisms &amp; Pollinators</li>
<li>Pesticide Application Recordkeeping</li>
<li>Pesticide Spills- Prevention and Cleanup</li>
<li>Pesticide Storage</li>
<li>Pesticide Terms and Acronyms</li>
</ul><br><h2 dir="ltr">PES Leadership and Development</h2>
<p>A multi-institutional collaborative effort was initiated for the PES CoP in 2005. From this effort, a series of complementary informational web pages and educational resources have been developed and are available to the public through two websites: the Center for IPM's Pesticide Environmental Stewardship (PES) website (<a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/" class="external_link">pesticidestewardship.org)</a> (hosted by Cornell University) and <a href="http://www.extension.org/pesticidestewardship" target="_self" class="local_link">http://www.extension.org/pesticidestewardship</a></p>
<h3>
<br>
PES CoP Leadership</h3>
<ul>
<li>Ron Gardner, Cornell University</li>
<li>Wayne Buhler, North Carolina State University</li>
<li>Sharon Gripp, The Pennsylvania State University</li>
<li>Carrie Foss, Washington State University</li>
<li>
<span class="fn">Rick Meyer,</span><span class="organization-name"> National Institute of Food and Agriculture</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="fn">Clyde Ogg, </span><span class="organization-name">University of Nebraska</span>
</li>
</ul><h2 dir="ltr">Pesticide Environmental Stewardship (PES) Webstite Partners</h2>
<p>Scientists in academia, Extension, government, industry, non-profit and other organizations <a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/Pages/About.aspx" class="external_link">partner</a> with the Center for Integrated Pest Management (CIPM) on the project. The Pesticide Environmental Stewardship (PES) website supported by the following organizations:</p>
<p><br>
BASF<br>
Bayer Crop Science<br>
Certification and Training Assessment Group (CTAG)<br>
Coalition for Urban/Rural Environmental Stewardship (CURES)<br>
CropLife America<br>
Dow AgroSciences<br>
Entomological Society of America<br>
EPA Pesticide Worker Safety Programs &amp; Pesticide Stewardship Programs<br>
eXtension<br>
Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC)<br>
Monsanto<br>
National Agricultural Aviation Association (NAAA)<br>
National Association of County Agricultural Agents (NACAA)<br>
NSF-founded Center for Integrated Pest Management located at North Carolina State University<br>
Syngenta Crop Protection<br>
The Pesticide Stewardship Alliance (TPSA)<br>
Responsible Industry for a Sound Environment (RISE)<br>
Weed Science Society of America (WSSA)</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59570/what-is-a-pesticide
What is a pesticide? 2012-04-24T14:34:31Z
<p>A pesticide is defined as any material that is applied to plants, the soil, water, harvested crops, structures, clothing and furnishings, or animals to kill, attract, repel, or regulate or interrupt the growth and mating of pests, or to regulate plant growth. Pesticides include a wide assortment of chemicals with specialized names and functions. They are commonly grouped according to the type of pest they control.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<b>Avicides</b> control pest birds.</li>
<li>
<b>Bactericides</b> control bacteria.</li>
<li>
<b>Disinfectants</b> (antimicrobials) control microorganisms.</li>
<li>
<b>Fungicides</b> control fungi.</li>
<li>
<b>Herbicides</b> control weeds and other undesirable plants.</li>
<li>
<b>Insecticides</b> control insects and related arthropods.</li>
<li>
<b>Miticides (acaricides)</b> control mites.</li>
<li>
<b>Molluscicides</b> control snails and slugs.</li>
<li>
<b>Nematicides</b> control nematodes (roundworms).</li>
<li>
<b>Predacides</b> control predatory vertabrates.</li>
<li>
<b>Piscicides</b> control pest fish.</li>
<li>
<b>Repellents</b> repel insects, related invertebrates, birds, and mammals.</li>
<li>
<b>Rodenticides</b> control rodents.</li>
<li>
<b>Defoliants</b> cause leaves or foliage to drop from plants.</li>
<li>
<b>Desiccants</b> promote drying or loss of moisture from plant tissues.</li>
<li>
<b>Growth regulators</b> are substances (other than fertilizers or food) that alter the growth or development of a plant or animal.</li>
</ul><p>Copied from <i>National Pesticide Applicator Certification Core Manual</i>, published by the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture Research Foundation.</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59577/what-can-be-done-to-prevent-a-pesticide-spill
What can be done to prevent a pesticide spill? 2012-04-23T20:18:23Z
<p>The keys to preventing pesticide spills are education and planning. Most pesticide spills occur in areas where the concentrated product is handled. Areas such as loading docks, storage, and mixing areas are high risk zones. Concentrate your precautionary measures on providing adequate storage facilities, instituting monthly inspection of pesticide storage, stocking emergency equipment for spill cleanup, and providing training for all pesticide handlers. More information can be found on this page: (<a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/SpillPrevention.aspx" class="external_link">http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/SpillPrevention.aspx</a>)</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59765/how-can-i-determine-if-a-pesticide-kept-in-storage-for-a-long-time-is-still-effective
How can I determine if a pesticide kept in storage for a long time is still effective? 2012-04-23T20:06:54Z
<p>The shelf life of a pesticide is mostly determined by the conditions under which the product is stored. Temperature extremes have the strongest impact on pesticide longevity. Changes in color and consistency may signal that the pesticide is no longer effective. You can call the manufacturer for advice or test a small amount of the product by applying it to a labeled site and investigating the results. Do not breathe in vapors of the pesticide after the container is opened to determine if it is still useful! On some of the newer products you can also search to see if there is a date that the product was made or when it will expire. If in doubt check with the manufacturer.</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/60078/if-air-induction-nozzles-reduce-drift-why-cant-i-use-if-for-every-application
If air-induction nozzles reduce drift why can't I use if for every application? 2012-04-23T20:05:40Z
<p>Air-induction nozzles do an excellent job of reducing droplet fines but they may produce droplets that are too large to provide adequate coverage for some pesticides. More information on spray nozzles can be found on this web page: (<a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/ManagingDriftwithNoozles.aspx" class="external_link">http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/ManagingDriftwithNoozles.aspx</a>)</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59947/what-is-the-best-way-to-rinse-pesticide-containers
What is the best way to rinse pesticide containers? 2012-04-23T20:02:26Z
<p>Two methods are acceptable. The best time to rinse a container is immediately after you empty it or the product may become difficult to remove.<br><br><strong>Triple rinsing </strong>is done by adding water to the container and rinsing the inside container surfaces three times. Follow these steps to properly triple rinse your containers.</p>
<ol>
<li>Wear gloves and empty the contents of the container into application equipment (e.g., sprayer). Allow it to drain for 10 seconds after it begins to drip.</li>
<li>Fill the container 1/4 full of water and replace cap.</li>
<li>Shake container for 10-30 seconds to rinse all inside surfaces.</li>
<li>Pour rinse water into sprayer or application equipment and allow container to drain for 10 seconds more after it begins to drip.</li>
<li>Repeat steps 2 through 5 <strong>two more times</strong>. Shake the container in different directions.</li>
<li>Rinse the exterior of the container as well. Take off cap to rinse and dispose (just the cap) in normal refuse.</li>
<li>Remove the foil seal and label booklet.</li>
<li>Render the container unusable but puncturing the sides of the container. Never reuse a pesticide container for any purpose.</li>
<li>Apply diluted rinse material remaining in application equipment according to the label where the pesticide was intended to be used.</li>
<li>
<span>Allow clean container to dry. </span>Store container for later recycling or disposal. Contact your local Household Hazardous Waste collection facility for dates and locations.</li>
</ol><p><strong>Pressure rinsing </strong>requires a special nozzle attached to the end of a hose that is stabbed through the container side and the container shaken to rinse the inside of the container. The special nozzle has an on/off valve, and when "on", the water released by the nozzle forces the pesticide residues from the container.<span> </span>Rinse directly into your spray batch. <span><strong>Consider eye protection when pressure rinsing nonrefillable containers </strong>(plastic or metal).</span><span><span> Some people think pressure-rinsing is faster and easier than triple-rinsing.</span></span><span><strong><span> </span></strong><span>Follow these directions for pressure rinsing:</span></span></p>
<ol type="1">
<li><span>Wear gloves (and eye protection if needed) and empty the contents of the container into a spray tank. Allow it to drain for 10 seconds after it begins to drip.</span></li>
<li><span>Remove guard from pressure-rinse nozzle, which is connected to a water hose.</span></li>
<li>
<span>Place the container against a hard object and puncture the side or bottom of container carefully.<span> </span>Do not puncture against your leg. Either puncture the:</span>
<ul>
<li><span>narrow side with the handle near the bottom of the container, or</span></li>
<li><span>bottom of the container near the handle side (not the opening side).<span> </span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><span>Hold the container upside down with the pour spout over the sprayer tank opening so rinsate drains directly into the sprayer tank. </span></li>
<li><span>Rinse for length of time recommended by the manufacturer (generally 30 seconds or more). Rotate the nozzle to rinse all inside surfaces. </span></li>
<li><span>Take care to make sure hollow handles are well rinsed. </span></li>
<li>Take off cap to rinse and dispose (just the cap) in normal refuse.</li>
<li><span>Remove the foil seal and label booklet. Never reuse a pesticide container for any purpose.</span></li>
<li><span>Apply diluted rinse material remaining in sprayer according to the label where the pesticide was intended to be used.</span></li>
<li><span><span>Allow clean container to dry. </span>Store container for later recycling or disposal. Contact your local Household Hazardous Waste collection facility for dates and locations.</span></li>
</ol><p> A more detailed discussion on rinsing pesticide containers can be found on this page (<a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/container/Pages/RinsingInstructions.aspx" class="external_link">http://pesticidestewardship.org/container/Pages/RinsingInstructions.aspx</a>).</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59551/how-big-is-a-micron
How big is a micron? 2012-04-23T20:01:43Z
<p>A micron is 1/1,000 of a millimeter. A human hair is about 100 microns in diameter. Spray droplets less than 150 to 200 microns in diameter are most likely to drift. Refer to the following web page for more information: <a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/UnderstandingDropletSize.aspx" class="external_link">Understanding Droplet Size</a> from the Pesticide Environmental Stewardship website.</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59568/what-type-of-fire-extinguisher-is-appropriate-for-fires-involving-pesticides
What type of fire extinguisher is appropriate for fires involving pesticides? 2012-04-23T20:01:00Z
<p>The pesticide label may contain information on the type of fire extinguisher needed for that particular product. However, ABC-classified extinguishers are appropriate for most pesticides. For more information, contact your local fire department and refer to the following publication: <a href="http://www.labsafety.com/refinfo/ezfacts/ezf135.htm" class="external_link">Use, Placement, Maintenance and Testing of Portable Fire Extinguishers</a> (EZfacts Document Number 135) from Lab Safety Supply.</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59569/what-is-the-704-sign-that-i-see-posted-on-some-pesticide-storage-facilities
What is the '704' sign that I see posted on some pesticide storage facilities? 2012-04-23T19:59:33Z
<p>The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 704 standard provides a way to communicate the potential hazards of storing hazardous chemicals through the posting of a diamond shape or square-on-point shape sign. The sign addresses the health, flammability, instability, and related hazards associated with short-term exposures that are most likely to occur as a result of fire, spill, or similar emergency. The 704 standard is applicable to industrial, commercial, and institutional facilities that manufacture, handle, or store hazardous materials. Refer to the following web page for more details on this standard: <a href="http://www.nfpa.org/faq.asp?categoryID=928" class="external_link">FAQ - NFPA 704</a> from the National Fire Protection Association.</p>
<p><img alt="NFPA 704 sign" src="http://www.nfpa.org/assets/images/diamond2.gif"></p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/43621/what-is-a-pest
What is a pest? 2012-04-23T19:58:53Z
<p>Pest is a label applied to an organism when it causes problems for humans, including damage to structures, health threats to humans, domestic animals or livestock and agricultural crops. For example, there are thousands of species of ants, only a few of which cause problems and thus become pests. All ants, including those that can become pests, provide valuable ecosystem services including removal and decomposition of waste matter and providing food for other species.</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59573/where-can-i-take-a-state-pesticide-exam-to-become-certified-to-apply-pesticides-for-commercial-indus
Where can I take a state pesticide exam to become certified to apply pesticides for commercial, industry, or agricultural purposes? 2012-04-23T19:48:14Z
<p>State pesticide exams are most often administered by the state agency responsible for regulating pesticide certification. The <a href="http://aapco.ceris.purdue.edu/htm/control.htm" class="external_link">Association of American Pesticide Control Officials (AAPCO) directory</a> provides contact information for state pesticide regulatory agencies. In some states, the university Extension offices offer private applicator examinations. The National Site for the USDA Regional IPM Centers has a <a href="http://www.ipmcenters.org/contacts/PSEPDirectory.cfm" class="external_link">Pesticide Safety Education Program Coordinators directory</a> with contact information for University Extension offices.</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59612/what-is-pesticide-volatization
What is pesticide volatization? 2012-04-23T19:47:22Z
<p>Pesticide volatization happens when a pesticide evaporates or turns into vapor, either during or after application. In general, higher temperatures increase the likelihood of pesticide volatization occurring. When vapor containing a pesticide active ingredient moves off the application site through volatilization it may cause plant damage, contamination or human health risks. It is important to avoid vapor drift of pesticides.</p>
<p>Sometimes pesticides may have warning labels that specify not applying if temperature gets too warm. For example, a label warning statement designed to avoid pesticide volatization may be: "avoid application when temperatures may exceed 85° F during or 24 hours following the application."</p>
<p>For more information on pesticide drift including volatilization or vapor drift, see the partnering website and resources: <a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/TypesofDrift.aspx" class="external_link">Pesticide Environmental Stewardship: Types of Drift</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59764/where-can-i-get-continuing-education-credits-or-recertification-credits-for-my-pesticide-license
Where can I get continuing education credits, or recertification credits for my pesticide license? 2012-04-23T19:42:09Z
<p>States offer their own continuing education or recertification credits and some may accept other states' credits. You can find the lead contact at <a href="http://www.ipmcenters.org/contacts/PSEPDirectory.cfm" class="external_link">USDA Pesticide Safety Education Programs</a>. State recertification program approval is administered most often by the state agency responsible for regulating pesticide certification. The<a href="http://aapco.ceris.purdue.edu/htm/control.htm" class="external_link"> Association of American Pesticide Control Officials (AAPCO) directory</a> provides contact information for state pesticide regulatory agencies. You can also contact your <a href="http://www.csrees.usda.gov/Extension/" class="external_link">local county extension office</a> to see if they offer any type of recertification course or can provide a state contact.</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59944/what-is-a-practical-temperature-to-maintain-inside-a-pesticide-storage-facility
What is a practical temperature to maintain inside a pesticide storage facility? 2012-04-23T19:33:38Z
<p>Pesticide products should be protected from temperature extremes while in storage. The pesticide label may specify temperatures that should be avoided when storing the product. However, a typical range to maintain is between 40 and 100 degrees F.</p>
<p>Some pesticides will freeze when they get too cold and the container may crack and leak. Some formulations may separate in freezing temperatures. Be sure to minimize fire hazards if you provide supplemental heating to the storage area.</p>
<p>Some pesticides expand when they get very hot. Plastic containers may melt or become brittle. Also, heat may cause a buildup of pressure that may break glass containers or cause the chemicals to volatilize or spill out when the container is opened. Excessive heat may cause an explosion or fire. Exhaust fans will help reduce temperatures.</p>
<p>Refer to the following web page for more details about storage temperatures for pesticides: <a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/STORAGE/Pages/StorageConditions.aspx" class="external_link">Storage Conditions</a> from the Pesticide Environmental Stewardship website.</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59945/what-is-an-aquifer-and-why-is-it-important
What is an aquifer and why is it important? 2012-04-23T19:32:40Z
<p>An aquifer is a layer of sand, gravel, soil, or rock that is saturated, meaning all pore spaces are filled with water, and able to transmit groundwater in sufficient quantities for uses such as drinking water and irrigation. Groundwater does not continually dilute contaminants that reach it. Flushing a plume of contamination from groundwater may take many years. Hence, there is very little, if any, breakdown of pesticides once they reach an aquifer. When aquifers are relied upon as a source of drinking water, any pesticide contamination can be devastating.</p>
<p><img alt="" class="media-image" height="180" id="2" width="386" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/wcinfiltrationaquifers-lrg.gif"></p>
<p>For more information, refer to <a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/water/Pages/Leaching.aspx" class="external_link">The Problem of Leaching</a> and <a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/WATER/Pages/WaterTerms.aspx" class="external_link">Glossary of Surface and Groundwater Terms</a> from the Pesticide Environmental Stewardship website.</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/17848/storage
Storage 2012-04-23T19:18:04Z
<h6>
<a href="/pages/59916/learning-modules-for-pesticide-applicators" class="internal_link">Learning Modules for Pesticide Applicators</a>:</h6>
<p> </p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Storage</span></h2>
<p><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/b/b8/Mod22.gif" title="image:Mod22.gif"><img alt="image:Mod22.gif" border="0" height="125" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/b/b8/Mod22.gif" width="127"></a></p>
<p><b>No job is really finished until</b> the pesticides, containers, and your equipment have been put away properly. Get into the habit of storing all of your materials safely before you clean up and go home, or on to the next job. While you are cleaning up and putting away the pesticides, containers, and equipment you should wear all the personal protective equipment you used on the job. Consider wearing gloves and other protective equipment, even if they weren't recommended on the label. Spills and accidental contamination often occur during storage procedures.</p>
<p><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/c/c2/Ch22-1st.gif" title="image:Ch22-1st.gif"><img alt="image:Ch22-1st.gif" border="0" height="287" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/c/c2/Ch22-1st.gif" width="389"></a></p>
<p><a id="Key_points_on_this_page" name="Key_points_on_this_page"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Key points on this page</span></h3>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li>Learn how to choose and arrange a storage area for pesticides.</li>
<li>Understand the importance of handling, storing, and disposing of pesticides properly.</li>
<li>Learn what to do in case of a pesticide spill.</li>
</ul><p><a id="The_Storage_Building" name="The_Storage_Building"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">The Storage Building</span></h3>
<p><br>
Most applicators use existing buildings or areas within existing buildings for pesticide storage. However, if you use large amounts of pesticides and/or equipment, it would be best to build a special storage building just for your pesticide needs. If possible, use a separate building for your pesticide storage. If you do not have a separate building, choose a wing or corner on the first floor of a building.</p>
<p>Before you build a new structure, you should look into suggestions and plans for pesticide storage put out by state colleges, chemical companies, county extension agents, etc. When you are setting up any new storage area be sure to check federal, state, and local regulations on storage areas.</p>
<p><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/8/8e/Ch22-door.gif" title="image:Ch22-door.gif"><img alt="image:Ch22-door.gif" border="0" height="265" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/8/8e/Ch22-door.gif" width="149"></a></p>
<p><a id="Choosing_the_Best_Site." name="Choosing_the_Best_Site."></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">Choosing the Best Site.</span></h4>
<p><br>
Whether you choose a site to build a new storage area or use existing buildings, you need to consider several points. The site should be in an area where flooding is unlikely. It should be downwind and downhill from sensitive areas such as houses, ponds, and play areas. There should be no chance that runoff or drainage from the site could contaminate surface or groundwater. Sites should be selected so that the soil, geologic, and hydrologic characteristics will not lead to contamination of any water systems through runoff or percolation.</p>
<p><a id="Setting_Up_the_Storage_Area." name="Setting_Up_the_Storage_Area."></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">Setting Up the Storage Area.</span></h4>
<p><br>
Pesticides should be stored in a cool, dry, airy room or building which is fireproof. Fans are an important feature of any pesticide storage building. A properly installed ventilation system should have a switch outside, so that the fan can be turned on before anyone enters the facility. The storage area should be fenced in or at least able to be locked tightly. Weatherproof warning signs should be hung over every door and window. Pesticides, which may be in tank rinsate, spills, seepage from the storage, and heavy runoff from fire fighting or floods, must be controlled. Otherwise, they may contaminate surface or groundwater. Dikes, collecting pools, and washing slabs with sumps will provide a proper drainage system and may be required. All the collected runoff water should be treated as a surplus pesticide and disposed of properly. A good supply of detergent or soap, hand cleanser, and water is a must in the storage area. It's convenient for filling tanks, cleaning off equipment, and for you and your help to clean up with. It's also quick first aid in a poisoning emergency. Adsorptive clay, activated charcoal, vermiculite, pet litter, or sawdust should be readily available at the storage site to soak up spills and leaks. Hydrated lime and high pH commercial detergent should also be on hand to neutralize the pesticide in an emergency. A shovel, broom, dustpan, and a fire extinguisher are other "musts" in any storage area.</p>
<p><a id="Arranging_Your_Storage_Area" name="Arranging_Your_Storage_Area"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Arranging Your Storage Area</span></h3>
<p><br>
A pesticide storage area, whether it is a room or a whole building, should be used <b>only</b> for pesticides and pesticide equipment. Never store or use food, drinks, silverware, tobacco products, or personal protective clothing in the storage or loading area. Livestock feed, living plants, and seeds should never be stored with or near pesticides.</p>
<p><b>Avoid Hot Places.</b> Glass and metal containers of liquid pesticides should be stored where they are not in the sun or near other sources of heat, such as steam pipes, furnaces, etc. Store pesticides at temperatures above freezing or as directed on the label. Do not store liquid pesticide in a place where the temperature can fall below 40 degrees Fahrenheit or go above 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Protect sensitive pesticides from freezing. Freezing will destroy the usefulness of some pesticide products. Freezing may also cause liquid pesticides to break their containers, resulting in leakage. Heat will cause the liquid to expand so that the contents will be under pressure. Therefore, when the container is opened the pesticide could splash out on you. No pesticides should be allowed to become overheated. Some formulations will catch on fire if they get too hot, while others lose their strength and break down when they are exposed to heat. Still others will vaporize and become a health hazard.</p>
<p><b>Special Areas.</b> Herbicides should be stored in a special place apart from other pesticides, fertilizers, and seeds or bulbs. Some herbicides can vaporize and get into other pesticides nearby. When the contaminated pesticide is used, the herbicide vapors in it could injure or kill crops and sensitive plants. All highly toxic pesticides should be stored together in a special area. Then you and your helper working in that area can take special precautions to keep from being exposed. Also, you are less likely to use a highly toxic pesticide by accident. A special "disposal" area should be used for surplus pesticides and their containers being held for disposal. They should be grouped together and plainly labeled according to how you plan to dispose of them. This will help prevent mix-ups resulting in improper disposal and accidental reuse.</p>
<p><a id="Handling_Pesticide_Containers" name="Handling_Pesticide_Containers"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Handling Pesticide Containers</span></h3>
<p><br>
Pesticide containers should be stored with the label in plain sight. They should be stored up off the floor, especially if they can be damaged by dampness. Rigid containers should always be set in an upright position so they cannot spill. All containers should be placed in orderly rows with enough room to allow you and your helpers to walk between them.</p>
<p><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/c/c9/Ch22-plasticbag.gif" title="image:Ch22-plasticbag.gif"><img alt="image:Ch22-plasticbag.gif" border="0" height="185" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/c/c9/Ch22-plasticbag.gif" width="124"></a></p>
<p><b>Damaged Containers.</b> All pesticide containers should be checked often for corrosion, leaks, loose caps, or bungs. You must correct these dangerous conditions immediately. Pesticides should be stored in their original container with the label attached. If containers are damaged, however, you should put the pesticide in a sound and suitable larger container, which can be sealed and labeled. Oftentimes the label from the damaged container can be firmly fastened to the new container. Paper drums or plastic bags placed within another container are handy for this purpose. Unlabeled pesticides are dangerous since you don't know what they are or how to use them. They should be set aside and held for disposal. Partly empty pesticide containers should be resealed and returned to storage. Opened containers of chlorates (often used as weed killers) should not be stored. They can burst into flames at any time.</p>
<p><b>Improper Containers.</b> Pesticides should be stored in their original containers, with the label plainly visible and the seal cap securely closed. Containers should be dated when purchased. Outdated material should be discarded. To reduce the chances for improper storage, a complete inventory should be maintained indicating the amount, identity, and date of material purchased. Pesticides should never be stored in soda bottles, fruit jars, milk cartons, etc. Storing pesticides in improper containers such as these is a common cause of pesticide poisoning. Never dump a little of your tank mix in a jar and give it to someone.</p>
<p><a id="Pesticide_Equipment_Storage" name="Pesticide_Equipment_Storage"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Pesticide Equipment Storage</span></h3>
<p><br>
All pesticide application equipment should be stored in a special area. The equipment could be contaminated with pesticides. All items used for handling pesticides at the storage site, which might be used for other purposes, should be labeled "contaminated with pesticides" and should not be removed from the site unless thoroughly decontaminated. Never let children or uninformed people play on or around your equipment. They could pick up a harmful dose of pesticide. Do not store pesticides next to food, feed, or other articles intended for consumption by humans or animals. Always wash your equipment carefully before you store it. Thoroughly rinse off the outside while it is parked in the special wash area. Do not allow rinse water to get on the ground and into streams, ponds, or other sensitive areas. Collect it and hold for proper disposal. All movable pesticide equipment should have a sign: "Danger. Pesticides" to warn people to stay away. Delivery trucks, nurse tanks, and other support equipment should also be rinsed thoroughly and stored. Materials such as adsorptive clay, hydrated lime, and high pH commercial detergent should be available for use as appropriate emergency cleanup agents for spills or leaks. Keep a shovel, broom, dustpan, absorbent material, container for disposal, and sprinkler can for decontamination and cleanup of spilled materials.</p>
<p><a id="Safety_Measures" name="Safety_Measures"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Safety Measures</span></h3>
<p><br>
A little care and common sense can help prevent many accidents and emergencies in the storage area. You and your helpers should know the basic safety rules and follow them. You should also know what to do in case of an emergency. Make a list of safety procedures and post it in the storage area. Be sure that everyone follows these rules.</p>
<p><a id="Protect_Yourself_and_Others:" name="Protect_Yourself_and_Others:"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Protect Yourself and Others:</span></h3>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li>Follow all safety precautions specified on the label and any accompanying label information.</li>
<li>Inspect all containers of pesticides for leaks before handling.</li>
<li>Do not allow children, pets, or uninformed persons into the storage area.</li>
<li>Wear gloves when you are handling containers of pesticide concentrates. Use more personal protective equipment if the label says to.</li>
<li>Do not put your fingers in your mouth or rub your eyes while you are working.</li>
<li>Do not store or use tobacco, food, or drinks in areas where pesticides are present.</li>
<li>Wash your hands carefully before eating, drinking, smoking, or using the toilet. Wash them as soon as you are finished handling the pesticides.</li>
<li>Do not handle pesticide containers roughly; they are not meant to be thrown, dropped, or abused.</li>
</ul><p><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/1/19/Ch22-stor.bldg.gif" title="image:Ch22-stor.bldg.gif"><img alt="image:Ch22-stor.bldg.gif" border="0" height="311" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/1/19/Ch22-stor.bldg.gif" width="422"></a></p>
<p><a id="Spills." name="Spills."></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">Spills. </span></h4>
<p><br>
In spite of all safety precautions, accidents can happen. If a pesticide spills in your storage area, quick action must be taken. If the pesticide gets on anyone, wash it off immediately. Have them get out of the area, wash thoroughly, change clothes, and see a doctor if necessary. Clear the storage area except for a small clean-up crew. Be sure the crew wears the proper personal protective equipment. Notify the authorities as described in Chapter III under SARA Title III, Section 304, Emergency Release Reporting, if the spilled pesticide is covered by SARA, or by contacting federal, state, or local pesticide authorities.</p>
<p>If the spill is a liquid, throw activated charcoal, absorptive clay, vermiculite, pet litter, or sawdust over the entire spill. Use enough to soak up most of the liquid. Then sweep or shovel it into a large drum. If the spill is a dust, granular, or powder, sweep or shovel it directly into a large drum. Sweeping compound can be useful when picking up spills of dry pesticides. Next cover the spill area with a decontamination agent recommended for that particular pesticide. The manufacturer or your supplier may have to be consulted. Hydrated lime and high pH commercial detergents are often recommended. Repeat this procedure several times. Rinse the whole area with plenty of water to wash away any remaining poison. Collect the rinse water and hold it for proper disposal. Check your storage area carefully to see if any other pesticides were contaminated by the spill. If so, do not take a chance on using them dispose of them as well. When you are all finished, seal the drum tightly and store for disposal.</p>
<p><a id="Fire." name="Fire."></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">Fire.</span></h4>
<p><br>
Inform your local fire department, hospital, public health officials, and police of the location of your pesticide storage building. Warn them of possible hazards and of proper protective clothing to wear in case of fire. Suggest that they wear air-supplied respirators and chemical resistant clothing. They should avoid breathing or contacting the smoke or fumes at all times. If they do contact the smoke and fumes, they should get out of the area fast and wash off. Post signs around the area and, if possible, give fire department officials a floor plan of the storage area. Keep all people without protective gear away from the fire. Anyone who might contact the smoke, fumes, or contaminated surfaces must be removed from the area. Because it could be poisonous, all water used in fire fighting should be contained in the storage area drainage system for safe disposal.</p>
<p><b>Monitoring System.</b> If you store large quantities of pesticides, consider setting up an environmental monitoring system. Arrange to have samples taken from water, wildlife, and plants near the storage area. The samples should be assessed to be sure that no pesticides are getting out into the environment.</p>
<p><a id="Storage_Facility_Check_List" name="Storage_Facility_Check_List"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Storage Facility Check List</span></h3>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li>Separated from offices, workshops, livestock areas</li>
<li>Separated from wells, streams, lakes, ponds, wildlife</li>
<li>Separated from food and feed</li>
<li>Fire resistant building materials</li>
<li>Impermeable flooring</li>
<li>Liquid spill containment (berms, 25% of liquid storage)</li>
<li>Anti-spark electrical components</li>
<li>Heating system (maintain above 32 degrees F)</li>
<li>Ventilation system with an outside switch (to vent vapors and maintain at less than 95 degrees F)</li>
<li>Locked doors</li>
<li>Fenced</li>
<li>Warning signs posted</li>
<li>Racks for off floor storage</li>
<li>Emergency eyewash and shower immediately available</li>
<li>Routine wash-up facilities near by</li>
<li>Spill kit and fire extinguishers readily available</li>
<li>Personal protective equipment available</li>
<li>First aid kit</li>
<li>Prepared emergency response plan on file</li>
<li>Pesticide inventory on file</li>
</ul><p><b>Make it a habit! Store your pesticides and equipment properly before you clean up and go home, or on to the next job.</b></p>
<p><a id="Storage_.E2.80.93_Self_Study_Questions" name="Storage_.E2.80.93_Self_Study_Questions"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Storage – Self Study Questions</span></h3>
<p> </p>
<ol>
<li>Why wear protective clothing while you store your pesticides, containers, and equipment?</li>
<li>In case of fire in your storage area, what should firefighters wear?</li>
<li>Name several points you need to consider when choosing a storage site?</li>
<li>Pesticides should be stored in what kind of container?</li>
<li>What are the main problems with runoff water from your storage area?</li>
<li>How should you treat collected runoff water?</li>
<li>Why is a good supply of soap and water a “must” in any pesticide storage area?</li>
<li>What other materials should be on hand in a good storage area?</li>
<li>Why is the storage area not a good place to keep your lunch, tobacco, and street clothes while you are on the job?</li>
<li>Why should the storage area be kept cool?</li>
<li>Why do herbicides need to be stored in a special area apart from other pesticides?</li>
<li>How should you organize the disposal section of your storage area?</li>
<li>What should you do when you discover that one of your pesticide containers is corroding?</li>
<li>Why should all pesticides be stored in their original container whenever possible?</li>
<li>How should you store opened containers of chlorates?</li>
<li>If a customer asks for a little of your tank mix and hands you an empty glass jar, is it all right for you to give him some as long as you warn him carefully?</li>
<li>Why not wash off your pesticide equipment in your backyard?</li>
<li>Describe how you would clean up a pesticide spill.</li>
<li>Do materials that absorb a spill need to be treated as pesticide waste?</li>
</ol><p><a id="Answers_to_Self_Study_Questions_--_Storage" name="Answers_to_Self_Study_Questions_--_Storage"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Answers to Self Study Questions -- Storage</span></h3>
<p> </p>
<ol>
<li>When storing pesticides, protective clothing minimizes exposure to pesticide chemicals in case of a spill.</li>
<li>Wear air-supplied respirators and rubber clothing.</li>
<li>When choosing a storage site, it is important to consider whether flooding is possible and whether the location is downwind or uphill from sensitive areas such as homes and ponds. Choose an area that offers protection for sensitive sites in case windblown pesticide dusts spread.</li>
<li>Pesticides should be stored in their original container with the label clearly legible. If this container is unsafe, the label should be retained from the original container and a new clean container should be used to hold the remaining pesticide. The label should then be attached to the new container.</li>
<li>Runoff from storage areas could contaminate surface or groundwater with pesticide residues.</li>
<li>Collected runoff water should be treated as a surplus pesticide and disposed of properly.</li>
<li>Soap and water is a “must” in a storage area to make decontamination and cleanup convenient.</li>
<li>A well stocked storage area should have adsorptive clay, activated charcoal, vermiculite, pet litter, or sawdust to soak up spills; hydrated lime and high pH detergent; shovel, broom, dust pan, and fire extinguisher.</li>
<li>Storage of pesticides should be away from food, tobacco, and street clothing because of possible pesticide contamination.</li>
<li>A cool temperature preserves pesticides and minimizes the chances of fires from flammable chemicals.</li>
<li>A separate area for herbicides is needed because they can vaporize and spread into adjacent pesticides.</li>
<li>The disposal areas of storage units should have pesticides grouped according to their disposal method, with the labels facing forward.</li>
<li>A corroding pesticide container should be put in a suitable larger container, which can be sealed and labeled.</li>
<li>The original container has the label for proper handling and safety instructions.</li>
<li>Once opened, do not store chlorates.</li>
<li>No. Never distribute a pesticide this way.</li>
<li>Pesticide equipment can contain residual pesticides and handling this in a yard exposes non-target areas to potentially dangerous chemicals.</li>
<li>A pesticide spill should be washed off of a person first, before changing into dry clothing. The person might need to see a doctor. Clean the storage area with a crew wearing the proper protection. For spilled liquid, throw an adsorptive material over the spilled chemical to soak up as much as possible. Then shovel this contaminated material into a large drum. For spills that can be swept dry, collect this in a drum. Next, neutralize the pesticide with hydrated lime before rinsing the entire area with water. This rinsewater should be disposed of properly.</li>
<li>Yes. These materials have pesticides and they should be disposed of properly.</li>
</ol><p>________________________________________</p>
<p><b>Disclaimer: Please read the pesticide label prior to use. The information contained at this web site is not a substitute for a pesticide label. Trade names used herein are for convenience only; no endorsement of products is intended, nor is criticism of unnamed products implied. Most of this information is historical in nature and may no longer be applicable.</b></p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/17856/pesticide-record-keeping
Pesticide Record Keeping 2012-04-23T19:17:36Z
<h6>
<a href="/pages/59916/learning-modules-for-pesticide-applicators" class="internal_link">Learning Modules for Pesticide Applicators</a>:</h6>
<p> </p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Record Keeping</span></h2>
<p><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/d/d5/Mod23.gif" title="image:Mod23.gif"><img alt="image:Mod23.gif" border="0" height="125" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/d/d5/Mod23.gif" width="127"></a></p>
<p>Besides just meeting the requirements, keeping records of pesticide usage is a wise precaution. Records can establish proof of proper use or they are helpful in finding the cause of error, if an error is made. They can also provide information to trace residue and/or damage problems. Records can also save you money. They allow you to compare the results obtained from different pesticides. You can improve your pest control practices and efficiency too. They also help to reduce pesticide misuse. Careful records from year to year guide you in buying only the amount of pesticides you will need. Therefore, you can reduce winter carryover.</p>
<p><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/4/40/Ch23-1st.gif" title="image:Ch23-1st.gif"><img alt="image:Ch23-1st.gif" border="0" height="351" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/4/40/Ch23-1st.gif" width="499"></a></p>
<p><a id="Key_points_on_this_page" name="Key_points_on_this_page"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Key points on this page</span></h3>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li>Learn how pesticide application records can be helpful to you.</li>
<li>Know when and how to fill out record sheets.</li>
<li>Understand the importance of standard forms.</li>
</ul><p><a id="What_Are_the_Requirements.3F" name="What_Are_the_Requirements.3F"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">What Are the Requirements?</span></h3>
<p><br>
The more information you keep on record, the more useful the records will be to you. Carry a notebook with you in the field. All the information is right there in front of you. Do not try to memorize all the necessary items. Fill in a standard form to be sure that you get all the necessary data every time.</p>
<p><a id="Information_Needed" name="Information_Needed"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Information Needed</span></h3>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li>Time of day and date of application</li>
<li>Crop or target</li>
<li>Pest</li>
<li>Equipment used</li>
<li>Pesticide used
<ul>
<li>Common name</li>
<li>Trade name</li>
<li>Formulation and % active ingredient</li>
<li>Lot number (in case of cross-contamination or failure to control)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Total formulation added to tank or hopper</li>
<li>Amount of mixture used</li>
<li>Amount or numbers treated (acres, trees, sheep, etc.)</li>
<li>Additional comments
<ul>
<li>Location</li>
<li>Weather</li>
<li>Applicator</li>
<li>Severity of infestation</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul><p>On every record form there should be a space left for <b>additional comments.</b> This space should be used to jot down information for your own personal use. This information can be used to improve your business, either through better customer relations or by saving you money. Such records can also be helpful in liability cases.</p>
<p><b>Remember, the job is never finished until the paper work is done.</b></p>
<p><a id="Record_Keeping_.E2.80.93_Self_Study_Questions" name="Record_Keeping_.E2.80.93_Self_Study_Questions"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Record Keeping – Self Study Questions</span></h3>
<p> </p>
<ol>
<li>Besides meeting the requirements, how can pesticide application records be helpful to you?</li>
<li>How can pesticide records help you to improve your pest control practices and efficiency?</li>
<li>When is the best time to fill out record sheets? Why?</li>
<li>Why bother filling out standard forms? Why not just jot down the things you need to know?</li>
</ol><p><a id="Answers_to_Self_Study_Questions_-_Record_Keeping" name="Answers_to_Self_Study_Questions_-_Record_Keeping"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Answers to Self Study Questions - Record Keeping</span></h3>
<p> </p>
<ol>
<li>Records can establish proof of proper use in damage suits.</li>
<li>Records help to reduce pesticide misuse, as well as guide you in buying only the amount of pesticide you will need.</li>
<li>In the field. All the information is right in front of you.</li>
<li>By filling in a standard form you are sure to get all the necessary data.</li>
</ol><p>(RDG1302008)</p>
<p>________________________________________</p>
<p><br><b>Disclaimer: Please read the pesticide label prior to use. The information contained at this web site is not a substitute for a pesticide label. Trade names used herein are for convenience only; no endorsement of products is intended, nor is criticism of unnamed products implied. Most of this information is historical in nature and may no longer be applicable.</b></p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59946/what-is-a-pesticide-spill
What is a pesticide spill? 2012-04-23T19:10:32Z
<p>A pesticide spill refers to any unplanned spill or leakage into the environment that occurs during storage, use, transport, or disposal of a pesticide. Pesticide spills can range from a leaking container, to a single container falling off a truck, to an equipment malfunction, to a 55-gallon barrel being punctured by a forklift.</p>
<p>For more information, see <a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/IntroductiontoPesticideSpillManagement.aspx" class="external_link">What is a Pesticide Spill</a> from the Pesticide Environmental Stewardship website.</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/60025/how-does-temperature-and-humidity-affect-my-drift-potential
How does temperature and humidity affect my drift potential? 2012-04-23T19:09:00Z
<p>Warm and dry conditions may allow water to evaporate from a spray droplet while leaving the pesticide intact, which can still drift. Other formulations may volatilize and give off vapors in warm weather that can move off-site. Learn more about temperature and humidity and other weather factors that affect pesticide applications by visiting this web site:(<a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/EvaluatetheWeatherConditions.aspx" class="external_link">http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/EvaluatetheWeatherConditions.aspx</a>)</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59638/pesticide-terms-and-acronyms
Pesticide Terms and Acronyms 2012-04-23T18:55:42Z
<p><a id="Terms_.26_Acronyms_Home" name="Terms_.26_Acronyms_Home"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Terms &amp; Acronyms Home</span></h3>
<p>Understanding the language of pesticides and environmental stewardship is critical to understanding the pages presented on this site. To assist you we have accumulated two easy to use lists of the terms and acronyms used in these and in other publications. The terms and acronyms, like individual stewardship practices, do not stand alone but work together and provide a framework of thinking about stewardship as a crucial component of pesticide use and pest management. There are also terms, though not directly related to stewardship, which will help you learn the language regarding agricultural practices, pesticides, and key government regulations.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><a id="Follow_these_links_to_Pesticidestewardship.org" name="Follow_these_links_to_Pesticidestewardship.org"></a></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Follow these links to Pesticidestewardship.org </span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/terms/Pages/Acronyms.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/terms/Pages/Acronyms.aspx">-Acronyms and Abbreviations Related to Pesticides</a></li>
</ul><p>Acronyms shorten long descriptive terms into mnemonic units. A major factor in the trend toward speaking acronyms is that of economy. Acronyms are formed by a process or result of representing a word or group of words by a shorter form of the word or phrase. The Acronyms list contains those that are commonly used by professionals and scientists working with stewardship and pesticides.</p>
<ul>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/terms/Pages/Terms.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/terms/Pages/Terms.aspx">-Pesticide Terminology</a></li>
</ul><p>The Terms list defines in non-technical language the more commonly used pesticide and environmental terms that appear in University and Government and other publications. The terms used in this list were derived largely from EPA libraries or scientific/technical reference documents.</p>
<p>External links to websites containing agricultural terminology definitions and explanations.</p>
<ul>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/terms/Pages/AgriculturalTerminologyLinks.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/terms/Pages/AgriculturalTerminologyLinks.aspx">-Agricultural Terminology Links </a></li>
</ul> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59634/controlling-drift
Controlling Drift 2012-04-23T18:54:41Z
<p><a id="Drift" name="Drift"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Drift</span></h3>
<div class="floatleft"><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/8/85/Thisisdrift.gif" title="Thisisdrift.gif"><img alt="" border="0" height="234" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/8/85/Thisisdrift.gif" width="466"></a></div>
<p>Pesticide drift occurs whenever pesticide leaves the intended target site through the air during or soon after application.</p>
<p><br>
Pesticide drift may cause injury to farm workers and other people, particularly children, adjacent crops or other non-target plants, livestock, sensitive environmental areas, and fish and wildlife. Even if visible injury does not occur, illegal residues may be present in adjacent areas. Pesticide drift may also result in regulatory fines, legal liability, and litigation.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>This site provides information on causes and prevention of pesticide drift.</p>
<p> </p>
<hr><ul>
<li>Follow these links for Pesticide Drift information on Pesticidestewardship.org
<ul>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/default.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/default.aspx">-Introduction to Drift</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/TypesofDrift.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/TypesofDrift.aspx">-Types of Drift</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/EvaluatetheSite.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/EvaluatetheSite.aspx">-Evaluate the Site</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/EvaluatetheWeatherConditions.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/EvaluatetheWeatherConditions.aspx">-Evaluate the Weather</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/UnderstandingDropletSize.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/UnderstandingDropletSize.aspx">-Understanding Droplet Size</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/ManagingDriftwithNoozles.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/ManagingDriftwithNoozles.aspx">-Managing Drift with Nozzles and Boom Height</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/MoreDriftReductionMethods.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/MoreDriftReductionMethods.aspx">-More Drift Reduction Methods</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/AirBlastSprayers.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/AirBlastSprayers.aspx">-Air Blast Sprayers</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/AerialApplication.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/AerialApplication.aspx">-Aerial Application</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/Resources.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/Resources.aspx">-Resources</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/Driftmanagementslidepresentation.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/Driftmanagementslidepresentation.aspx"><b>-Drift management slide presentation</b></a></li>
<li><a href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift/Pages/ExperimentalDriftFlashShow.aspx" class="external_link"><b>-Drift management flash show</b></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul><p>Authored by <i>Jim Wilson, PhD</i> South Dakota State University</p>
<p><br>
</p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59787/pesticide-spills
Pesticide Spills 2012-04-23T18:53:51Z
<p><a id="Pesticide_Spills_.E2.80.93_Prevention_and_Cleanup" name="Pesticide_Spills_.E2.80.93_Prevention_and_Cleanup"></a></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Pesticide Spills – Prevention and Cleanup</span></h2>
<div class="floatleft"><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/6/68/Spillroadway3(sm).jpg" title="Spillroadway3(sm).jpg"><img alt="" border="0" height="147" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/6/68/Spillroadway3(sm).jpg" width="216"></a></div>
<p>This module presents information on Pesticide Spills. Preventing spills should be the first priority of every pesticide user. Education of pesticide handlers, and advance planning, are key elements for spill prevention and spill cleanup.</p>
<p>There are many resources on these pages, so be sure to click on the links to see web pages with important information.</p>
<hr><p> </p>
<ul>
<li>Follow these links for pesticide stewardship information on Pesticidestewardship.org
<ul>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/IntroductiontoPesticideSpillManagement.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/IntroductiontoPesticideSpillManagement.aspx">-Introduction to Pesticide Spill Management </a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/SpillPrevention.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/SpillPrevention.aspx">-Spill Prevention, education and planning needed</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/ContingencyPlanning.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/ContingencyPlanning.aspx">-Contingency Planning prepare your response to an emergency</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/SpillNotification.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/SpillNotification.aspx">-Spill Notification,when and who to notify after a spill</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/SpillCrisisManagement.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/SpillCrisisManagement.aspx">-Spill Crisis Management</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/SpillCleanup.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/SpillCleanup.aspx">-Spill Cleanup </a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/DisposalofSpillMaterials.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/DisposalofSpillMaterials.aspx">-Disposal of Spill Materials </a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/Sorbents.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/Sorbents.aspx">-Sorbents,used to soak up spills </a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/SpillDecontamination.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/SpillDecontamination.aspx">-Spill Decontamination </a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/SpillKit.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/SpillKit.aspx">-Suggestions for spill kit contents </a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/MoreSpillInformation.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/spill/Pages/MoreSpillInformation.aspx">-More Spill Information </a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul><p>Compiled by Ronald D. Gardner</p>
<div class="floatleft"> </div> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/17870/disposal
Disposal 2012-04-23T18:50:53Z
<h6>
<a href="/pages/59916/learning-modules-for-pesticide-applicators" class="internal_link">Learning Modules for Pesticide Applicators</a>:</h6>
<p> </p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Disposal</span></h2>
<p><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/5/59/Mod21.gif" title="image:Mod21.gif"><img alt="image:Mod21.gif" border="0" height="125" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/5/59/Mod21.gif" width="127"></a></p>
<p><b>As an applicator you have two disposal problems.</b> First you must safely dispose of surplus pesticides concentrated or tank mixed that you have no use for or cannot store. Secondly, you must safely dispose of empty pesticide containers. Careless disposal practices are a common cause of pesticide misuse and environmental contamination. Take the time to dispose of surplus pesticides and empty containers carefully and legally. Never give empty containers away for any purpose.</p>
<p><a id="Licensed_Disposal_Facility" name="Licensed_Disposal_Facility"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Licensed Disposal Facility</span></h3>
<p><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/7/7d/Ch21-1stdisposal.gif" title="image:Ch21-1stdisposal.gif"><img alt="image:Ch21-1stdisposal.gif" border="0" height="233" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/7/7d/Ch21-1stdisposal.gif" width="375"></a></p>
<p><a id="Key_points_on_this_page" name="Key_points_on_this_page"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Key points on this page</span></h3>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li>Learn the importance of preventing pesticide surplus.</li>
<li>Know what to do in case you have a pesticide surplus.</li>
<li>Understand and learn the steps taken to properly dispose of pesticide containers.</li>
<li>Learn proper procedure for triple-rinsing containers and equipment.</li>
</ul><p><a id="Surplus_Pesticides" name="Surplus_Pesticides"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Surplus Pesticides</span></h3>
<p><br>
There are several ways in which you can end up with surplus pesticides. The government or the pesticide manufacturer may cancel the registration on the pesticide, or the use may no longer be effective. You may buy more pesticide than you really need or you may have some left in the tank after the job is done. You may have contaminated water left over from cleaning operations, spills, or rinsing. The pesticide may have lost its strength in storage, the container may be damaged, or the label may be missing.</p>
<p><a id="Preventing_Pesticide_Surplus." name="Preventing_Pesticide_Surplus."></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">Preventing Pesticide Surplus.</span></h4>
<p><br>
Although you cannot always avoid having surplus pesticides, there are ways to cut down on pesticide surplus. Always check to make sure that the pesticide is registered by the EPA and your state. Make sure the pesticide is labeled for the pest before you buy it. Recommendations may change and newer chemicals may be better than older ones. The storage period may also exceed the effective shelf life of the product. Estimate your needs and buy only what you need. Do not stockpile materials. This will reduce carryover and the chance of spills, damaged containers, and loss of strength of the pesticide. Always check out the job before you mix the pesticide in the tank. This way you are not faced with the disposal of a tank load of the wrong pesticide for the pest problem. Mix only enough pesticide for the job at hand so that you finish with an empty tank or hopper. Preventing surplus is the best way to take care of your pesticide disposal problem.</p>
<p><a id="What_to_Do_with_Surplus_Pesticides." name="What_to_Do_with_Surplus_Pesticides."></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">What to Do with Surplus Pesticides.</span></h4>
<p><br>
If you have pesticides that you cannot use or do not want, you must take steps to safely and legally dispose of them. Pesticides, which are still factory-sealed, may be returned to the manufacturer. Check with the company and see if they will take your surplus back. You may be able to apply the excess pesticide mixture to another site where a pest problem exists and that can be treated with the same pesticide. If possible use the rinsewater from your spray tank in a future spray mix of the same pesticide. Be careful with herbicide-contaminated rinsewater on sensitive plants. Caution must also be exercised with reusing rinsewater in mixtures of other pesticides. It is not legal and may cause illegal food or feed crop residues. Never dispose of pesticide contaminated rinsewater in a manner that will contaminate public or private water sources or sewage treatment facilities.</p>
<p>Farmers who need to dispose of a surplus spray mixture or contaminated rinsewater should do so on their own property, only if it is not prohibited on the label and only in labeled sites. If the manufacturer won't take back your concentrates and/or you cannot use up your pesticides, you must find other safe and legal ways to dispose of your surplus. Other certified applicators might be able to use your pesticide leftovers to control a similar pest problem. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act supports regional "Pesticide Waste Clean Up Days" to properly discard of hazardous material and waste. Contact your state pesticide regulatory agency and urge them to have "Pesticide Clean Up Days" if they are not available in your state. If containers begin to leak or are damaged, they should be packed in another container that is appropriately labeled. Store your extra pesticides in a locked storage area while you are waiting to dispose of them. They must be kept in their original containers with the label intact.</p>
<p><a id="Empty_Pesticide_Containers" name="Empty_Pesticide_Containers"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Empty Pesticide Containers</span></h3>
<p><br>
Empty pesticide containers are not really "empty." They still contain small amounts of pesticide even after they have been rinsed out properly. Never toss them into streams, ponds, fields, or vacant buildings. Be able to account for every pesticide container you used for the job. Never give them to children to play with or allow uninformed persons to have them for any use. Dispose of all your pesticide containers carefully and properly. You should separate the empty containers for disposal into three main types; those that will burn, those that will not burn, and those that contain mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides. All empty containers for liquids should be rinsed three times before disposal.</p>
<p><a id="When_using_containers_holding_liquid_formulations:" name="When_using_containers_holding_liquid_formulations:"></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">When using containers holding liquid formulations:</span></h4>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li>Triple-rinse the container immediately after emptying.
<ul>
<li>Fill the container one-quarter full with the proper diluent (water, oil or liquid fertilizer).</li>
<li>Replace the closure or plug the opening of the container.</li>
<li>Rotate the container, making sure to rinse all surfaces.</li>
<li>Turn the container upside down.</li>
<li>Add the rinsate to the spray tank.</li>
<li>Allow 30 seconds for rinsate to drain.</li>
<li>Repeat this procedure two more times.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Puncture the top and bottom of the container to prevent reuse. Crush flat.</li>
<li>Deposit the container in a licensed sanitary landfill.</li>
</ul><p><a id="When_using_containers_holding_dry_formulations:" name="When_using_containers_holding_dry_formulations:"></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">When using containers holding dry formulations:</span></h4>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li>Completely empty the contents of the container into the tank.</li>
<li>Open both ends of the container to help remove any remaining pesticide and to prevent reuse of the container.</li>
<li>Deposit the container in a licensed sanitary landfill.</li>
</ul><p><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/c/c6/Ch21-DangDisp.gif" title="image:Ch21-DangDisp.gif"><img alt="image:Ch21-DangDisp.gif" border="0" height="225" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/c/c6/Ch21-DangDisp.gif" width="129"></a></p>
<p><a id="When_using_containers_holding_aerosol_formulations:" name="When_using_containers_holding_aerosol_formulations:"></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">When using containers holding aerosol formulations:</span></h4>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li>Relieve pressure as much as possible. Do not puncture the container.</li>
<li>Deposit the container in a licensed sanitary landfill.</li>
</ul><p><a id="Triple-rinsed_containers" name="Triple-rinsed_containers"></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">Triple-rinsed containers</span></h4>
<p><br><b>Triple-rinsed containers</b> that will be held for disposal at a later time should be marked to indicate that triple rinsing has been done along with the date. Pesticide containers that will not be recycled through a recycling facility or the dealer should be rendered unusable by breaking, puncturing, or crushing. Never reuse pesticide containers. All containers should be kept in a locked storage area until disposal and kept away from all possible contact with children and animals.</p>
<p><a id="Burnable_Containers" name="Burnable_Containers"></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">Burnable Containers</span></h4>
<p><br><b>Burnable Containers</b> are usually cardboard or paper. Only with state approval and permission on the label can containers be burned. Never burn containers that hold 2,4-D type weed killers. The smoke from such a fire could cause serious damage to nearby plants and trees. Large quantities of burnable containers should be held for proper disposal. Check local, state, and federal regulations. Federal laws that govern incineration are; the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), and the Clean Air Act.</p>
<p><a id="Non-Burnable_Containers" name="Non-Burnable_Containers"></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">Non-Burnable Containers</span></h4>
<p><br><b>Non-Burnable Containers</b> are usually metal, glass, or plastic. Some of these may be returned to the manufacturer for reuse. Before you ship back the containers, reseal them carefully and wash off the outside completely. Metal drums that cannot be returned can be crushed with a backhoe, front-end loader, truck, or tractor. Store them in a locked storage area for disposal. Glass containers may be carefully broken and stored. Plastic containers may be cutapart to take up less room.</p>
<p><b>Containers</b> that held organic or inorganic pesticides with mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic have special disposal requirements. Improper disposal could create serious environmental pollution and long-term health hazards. The label will specify legal disposal methods. Special methods such as encapsulation may be necessary for their safe disposal. Encapsulation means to seal the pesticide and "empty" container in a sturdy, waterproof container so that the contents cannot possibly get out. Check federal and state regulations for disposal of these containers. If you need to store these empty containers while waiting to dispose of them, they can be crushed and stored in a locked storage area.</p>
<p>If they are emptied and stored in larger drums, keep these containers separate from drums that hold regular non-burnable pesticide containers. Burial in designated hazardous waste landfills and incineration in specially designed, extremely high temperature incinerators are often the only acceptable legal methods for pesticide waste disposal. You are responsible for the costs of packing the pesticides for shipment, transportation, disposal fees from the facility, and the chemical analysis if the exact identity and concentration of the unwanted substances are unknown. Do not burn empty containers, which held mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic or inorganic pesticides. Cardboard and paper containers of this type should be crushed and stored for future disposal.</p>
<p><a id="Methods_for_the_Disposal_of_Pesticides_and_Pesticide_Containers" name="Methods_for_the_Disposal_of_Pesticides_and_Pesticide_Containers"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Methods for the Disposal of Pesticides and Pesticide Containers</span></h3>
<p><br>
Disposal of pesticides and their containers can be a problem. They should be returned to the manufacturer whenever possible. Otherwise, you must choose the method which is best for you and still protects others and the environment. Federal and state laws may require that you use certain methods when disposing of specific pesticides.</p>
<p><a id="Incineration." name="Incineration."></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">Incineration.</span></h4>
<p><br>
Burning pesticides and containers in special, high temperature incinerators is one safe method of disposal. These incinerators are specially designed so that the pesticides will be reduced to harmless gases and solid ashes. This special incineration method is often only carried out in EPA-approved landfill facilities. It is a safer and more reliable disposal method than ordinary incineration. To find the pesticide incinerator that is nearest to your operation, contact your county extension agent, state college or university, state regulatory officials, or your regional Environmental Protection Agency office.</p>
<p><a id="Burial." name="Burial."></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">Burial.</span></h4>
<p><br>
The least preferred option for pesticide waste disposal. It is no longer listed on any pesticide label as a disposal option. It is only legal if specifically allowed by state or local laws. Because it is difficult to tell if a burial site is close to underground water sources, there is always the possibility of chemicals leaching through soils and polluting subsurface waters and groundwater. Surface and underground water systems should be carefully protected. Check to see if there is a special pesticide landfill in your area. Do not bury pesticides or containers that contained mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides. Although encapsulation of buried containers prevents chemicals from leaching through the soil, once a hazardous material is buried, its fate in the environment is never clear. State or federal regulatory officials should be contacted if pesticide waste is disposed of by burial.</p>
<p><b>Take the extra time and effort to dispose of surplus pesticides and empty containers properly in licensed facilities. It is well worth your effort!</b></p>
<p><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/c/cc/Ch21-crusher.gif" title="image:Ch21-crusher.gif"><img alt="image:Ch21-crusher.gif" border="0" height="275" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/c/cc/Ch21-crusher.gif" width="438"></a></p>
<p><a id="Disposal_--_Self_Study_Questions" name="Disposal_--_Self_Study_Questions"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Disposal -- Self Study Questions</span></h3>
<p> </p>
<ol>
<li>Why is it important that the pesticide applicator take the time to dispose of surplus pesticides and empty containers carefully?</li>
<li>What problems can result from buying more pesticides than you can use?</li>
<li>What are the proper ways to dispose of surplus concentrated pesticides that are still in their original containers?</li>
<li>If you can’t dispose of your surplus pesticides right away, what should you do with them?</li>
<li>If you have rinsed out an empty pesticide container three times, can you toss them aside or give them to children to play with?</li>
<li>What should you do with the rinse water if you can’t add it to the tank mix?</li>
<li>If you have a couple of empty cardboard fungicide containers, how should you dispose of them?</li>
<li>If those cardboard containers had held 2,4-D would you still dispose of them the same way?</li>
<li>What should you do to dispose of empty metal, glass, or plastic containers?</li>
<li>What does encapsulation mean?</li>
<li>Incineration is an acceptable method of pesticide disposal. Does that mean you can throw them in a wood stove or trash fire?</li>
<li>How should you choose a site to bury surplus pesticides and empty containers?</li>
<li>Can you incinerate or bury surplus pesticides or containers that have mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic or other inorganic chemicals in them?</li>
<li>Identify which federal laws regulate pesticide disposal methods?</li>
<li>What are the ways to dispose of pesticide rinsate remaining after an application job has been completed?</li>
<li>Describe the triple-rinse steps for cleaning pesticide containers and explain why it is important to follow them prior to final disposal.</li>
<li>Cite reasons why burial is not a good disposal method for pesticides when compared with incineration.</li>
<li>Name the ways to prevent pesticide waste surplus and point out the benefits.</li>
<li>Disposal of pesticide waste can indirectly lead to contamination of drinking water supplies— explain the ways this might happen.</li>
<li>What type of pesticide container cannot be punctured for disposal?</li>
<li>In terms of disposal, why should pesticides be kept in the original container with the label intact?</li>
<li>Why are EPA-approved sanitary landfills more appropriate for pesticide waste disposal over municipal dumps?</li>
<li>Identify the consequences of final disposal of pesticide waste and how it relates to groundwater.</li>
</ol><p><a id="Answers_to_Self_Study_Questions_--_Disposal" name="Answers_to_Self_Study_Questions_--_Disposal"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Answers to Self Study Questions -- Disposal</span></h3>
<p> </p>
<ol>
<li>Improper disposal of pesticides and containers could lead to health hazards for people and livestock. A buildup of pesticide waste allows chemicals to accumulate in the soil, which then might leach into groundwater.</li>
<li>Leftover pesticides are a potential health hazard if improperly stored or left unattended in a field. It is illegal and might hurt crop production if the dose rate is surpassed on the label. Container disposal must follow label instructions.</li>
<li>If the container has never been opened, try to return it to the manufacturer or distributor. Surplus concentrated pesticides can also be given to another certified applicator who could use it according to label directions.</li>
<li>Proper safe storage of pesticides is important. If storage requirements are unclear, contact your regional EPA representative.</li>
<li>No.</li>
<li>Apply rinsewater on sites that have the same pest control problem.</li>
<li>Read the pesticide label for proper disposal instructions.</li>
<li>Again, consult the pesticide label for proper disposal instructions.</li>
<li>Triple-rinse the container.</li>
<li>Encapsulation seals the pesticide container so that leaking of dangerous chemicals does not occur in the final disposal.</li>
<li>No.</li>
<li>Consult the pesticide label for proper disposal. If this is still unclear, consult the regional EPA representative.</li>
<li>No.</li>
<li>Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and the Clean Air Act deal with pesticide waste disposal.</li>
<li>Remaining rinsate should be used on an area with the same pest control problem. Be careful not to exceed the dose rate listed on the container label.</li>
<li>Fill the pesticide container with clean water. Rotate the container. Empty the container into the tank mix for future applications if possible. Repeat these steps two more times. Puncture the container and/or crush unless it is an aerosol. A triple-rinsed container is free of potentially dangerous residues.</li>
<li>Burial of empty containers might lead to pesticides eventually leaching into the soil. A buildup of pesticide waste underground means the environmental fate is unclear. This is both a health and safety hazard.</li>
<li>Only buy the amount of pesticide needed. After calculating how much you need, calibrate the application equipment so that the application rate satisfies the level of needed pest control.</li>
<li>Slow leaking of containers can mean that pesticides can leach through the soil into groundwater. When an overdose of pesticide application occurs, rain may carry pesticides through the soil to the groundwater. Dumping containers into surface waters means groundwater will eventually receive this flow.</li>
<li>Aerosol.</li>
<li>A container without a label means the disposal instructions are not known.</li>
<li>Some pesticides are hazardous materials under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Disposal is regulated by EPA because the operation, certified personnel, and construction of these landfills must meet federally approved standards.</li>
<li>Final disposal by leaching in the soil and burial can mean that pesticide concentrates and diluted chemicals can eventually come into contact with groundwater. Rain and natural environmental conditions carry pesticides through soil layers. This can contaminate water supplies.</li>
</ol><p>(RDG1182008)</p>
<p>________________________________________</p>
<p><br><b>Disclaimer: Please read the pesticide label prior to use. The information contained at this web site is not a substitute for a pesticide label. Trade names used herein are for convenience only; no endorsement of products is intended, nor is criticism of unnamed products implied. Most of this information is historical in nature and may no longer be applicable.</b></p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59613/pesticide-application-recordkeeping
Pesticide Application Recordkeeping 2012-04-23T18:49:13Z
<p><a id="Application_Recordkeeping" name="Application_Recordkeeping"></a></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Pesticide Application Recordkeeping </span></h2>
<div class="floatleft"><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/a/a5/AirblastSprayer.jpg" title="AirblastSprayer.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" height="100" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/a/a5/AirblastSprayer.jpg" width="150"></a></div>
<p><b>Why Keep Records?</b> Federal and state laws require you keep application records for restricted-use pesticides, or in some cases for all pesticide applications made by a certified applicator. Application records demonstrate applicator professionalism by documenting legal use, and the safety, care, and concern taken when making the application. Records serve to refresh applicators' memories of procedures, timing, and implemented precautions. They are also extremely important business tools that are useful in tracking inventories, informing the workforce of pesticide applications, and when used in conjunction with pest monitoring records, they allow the applicator to evaluate the effectiveness of the applications.</p>
<p>This site provides information about pesticide recordkeeping. Click on the links below to learn more about this important topic.</p>
<hr><ul>
<li>Follow these links for Recordkeeping information on Pesticidestewardship.org
<ul>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/records/Pages/default.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/records/Pages/default.aspx">-Application Recordkeeping</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/records/Pages/PrivateApplicatorRequirements.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/records/Pages/PrivateApplicatorRequirements.aspx">-Private Applicator Requirements</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/records/Pages/Non-PrivateApplicators.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/records/Pages/Non-PrivateApplicators.aspx">-Requirements for Non-Private Applicators</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/records/Pages/SmartItemstoRecord.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/records/Pages/SmartItemstoRecord.aspx">-Smart Items to Record</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/records/Pages/InspspectionofRecords.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/records/Pages/InspspectionofRecords.aspx">-Inspection of Records</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/records/Pages/BenefitsofRecordkeeping.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/records/Pages/BenefitsofRecordkeeping.aspx">-Benefits of Recordkeeping</a></li>
<li><a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/records/Pages/FactSheetsandWebsites.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/records/Pages/FactSheetsandWebsites.aspx">-Fact Sheets and Web sites</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul><p>Authored by Carol Ramsay, Washington State University</p>
<p><a href="http://pep.wsu.edu/" class="external_link">Urban IPM and Pesticide Safety Education Program</a></p> Contributorshttp://www.extension.org:80/pages/59639/sprayer-calibration
Sprayer Calibration 2012-04-23T18:42:53Z
<p><a id="Sprayer_Calibration" name="Sprayer_Calibration"></a></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Sprayer Calibration</span></h2>
<div class="floatright"><a class="file_link" href="/sites/default/files/w/0/0b/Handbookcover200pix.jpg" title="Handbookcover200pix.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" height="299" src="https://www.extension.org/sites/default/files/w/0/0b/Handbookcover200pix.jpg" width="200"></a></div>
<p>Applying pesticides correctly involves diluting the product (except 'Ready-to-Use' formulations) to the appropriate concentration and using calibrated application equipment. This module is designed as a guide for the proper dilution and application of pesticides. It includes practical calibration techniques for common pesticide application equipment. Much effort was made to keep the text brief and provide an abundance of examples.</p>
<p>Text and illustrations in this module are derived from a 70-page booklet entitled "Pesticide Applicator's Handbook" published by the CropLife Foundation (<a class="external_link" href="http://www.croplifefoundation.org/" rel="nofollow" title="http://www.croplifefoundation.org/">http://www.croplifefoundation.org/</a>). For ordering information, send an e-mail message to <a href="mailto:anitra_hill@ncsu.edu" class="mailto_link">anitra_hill@ncsu.edu</a> with the words "Pesticide Applicator Handbook" in the subject line. Dr. Wayne Buhler, Professor in the Department of Horticultural Science at North Carolina State University, served as the Technical Reviewer for the "Pesticide Applicator Handbook" and compiled the information in this website. Appreciation is expressed to Dana Babbs, Greg Miller, Sandy Shultz, Brenda Bunch and Grace Jenkins for help with the graphics presented in this module.</p>
<ul>
<li>A brief description of, and links to, the various topics on Pesticidestewardship.org
<ul>
<li>
<a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/Calibration-Intro.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/Calibration-Intro.aspx">Introduction</a> Explains the importance of calibration</li>
<li>
<a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/DoingtheMath.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/DoingtheMath.aspx">Doing the Math</a> How to calculate the correct amount</li>
<li>
<a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/NozzleTips.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/NozzleTips.aspx">Nozzle Tip Selection</a>Steps to select and position nozzles on a boom</li>
<li>
<a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/Precalibration.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/Precalibration.aspx">Precalibration</a> Prepare your spayer for calibration</li>
<li>
<a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/FormulaCalibration.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/FormulaCalibration.aspx">Formula Calibration Method</a> The '5940' method follows Nozzle Tip Selection</li>
<li>
<a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/OuncestoGallons.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/OuncestoGallons.aspx">Ounces-to-Gallons method</a> Describes the 1/128th of an acre method</li>
<li>
<a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/BackpackSprayer.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/BackpackSprayer.aspx">Backpack Sprayer</a> Describes a simple method for calibrating a backpack</li>
<li>
<a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/Spraygun.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/Spraygun.aspx">Spray Gun</a> Calibration of a useful sprayer for commercial applicators</li>
<li>
<a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/RotarySpreader.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/RotarySpreader.aspx">Rotary Spreader</a> Steps to measure distribution and output of granules</li>
<li>
<a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/DropSpreaders.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/DropSpreaders.aspx">Drop Spreader</a> Learn several methods to calibrate this equipment</li>
<li>
<a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/BandApplicators.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/BandApplicators.aspx">Band Applicators</a> Calibration for banded application of granules in row crops</li>
<li>
<a class="external_link" href="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/Measurement.aspx" rel="nofollow" title="http://pesticidestewardship.org/calibration/Pages/Measurement.aspx">Measurements, Conversions, and Formulas</a> Common equations and conversions for pesticide application</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul><p><br>
Compiled by Dr Wayne Buhler</p>
<p><a href="http://ipm.ncsu.edu/pesticidesafety/" class="external_link">The North Carolina Pesticide Safety Education Program</a></p>
<p> </p> Contributors