Chicago Quick Guide

How to Create Footnotes

Numbered markers in the text may be created using the footnote function of word processing software.

Citing Example:

"Ultimately we will learn more about some of the celebrated events in Australian history if we turn to the old almanacs and their tables of the moon."1

First note: 1. Geoffrey Blainey, Black Kettle and Full Moon: Daily Life in a Vanished Australia (Penguin/Viking: Melbourne, 2003), 7.

How to Create a Bibliography

Your bibliography should document all the works you consulted in preparing your essay, whether you cited them directly, or not.

Entries should be listed alphabetically by the first author's surname or family name. If there is no named author, list by the first word in the work's title, ignoring 'A', 'An' or 'The'.

Access Date Rules for E-journals

The date an e-journal was accessed is not required in Chicago style but may be required in certain disciplines. If included the date should precede the DOI or URL, separated by commas in a note and periods in a bibliography entry.

Chicago Referencing Overview

The Notes-Bibliography style is one of two different types of referencing outlined in the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition. It is sometimes known as Chicago 16 A. This is the style used in this guide.

In-text citation:

Involves consecutively numbered markers in the text, which refer the reader to bibliographic citations, in footnotes.
These footnotes, termed in this guide 'notes', acknowledge the source of information.

End-text citation:

Involves a bibliography at the end of the document, which provides full details of all sources cited and consulted, by the writer.

Chicago 16 B is an in-text author/date style which is not included in this guide.