November 1667

Date.

Nature and Substance of the Entry.

Reference.

Nov. 2

Treasury warrant to the Earl of Anglesey, Treasurer of the Navy, to pay 1,000l. to Sir John Knight: "having received a letter from the principal officers of the Navy of the 28th of October last on the behalf of John Knight and some others and finding thereby his case to be of a very particular and extraordinary nature."

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XVII. p. 115.

Nov. 4

The Treasury to Auditor Aldworth to take the accounts of Henry Darcy, Housekeeper of the King's Manor House at York, of the 400l. repairs of said house, which said Darcy petitions for.

Ibid, XXXVII. p. 42.

Money warrant for 32,000l. to the Earl of Anglesey for the Victualler of the Navy.

Ibid, XVII. p. 116.

Same for 50l. 3s. 9d. for Franois Stephens, Sergeant at Arms, for half-a-year to Sept. 29 last.

Ibid, p. 117.

Nov. 5

Treasury warrant to the Customs Farmers to pay into the Receipt 85l. 10s. 0d. representing assessments made on the old Custom House in London, 1660, June 24 to 1661, July 1, while the Customs were in commission: said assessments being still unpaid.

Treasury warrant to the Receipt to discharge the baronet fees of 1,095l. each due from Sir Thomas Brograve of Hamels. co. Herts, and James Pennyman of Grimsby, Cleveland, Yorks.

Ibid, p. 118.

Money warrant for 800l. to Sir John Mounson, being the remaining portion of 2,600l. ordered to him by tallies on the farmers of the alum works, of which said 2,600l. there were levied only tallies for 1,800l. by reason of the stop of that kind of payment ordered by the Treasury on Aug. 6 last.

Ibid, p. 123.

Treasury warrant for a grant to Richard Gwynn of the office of Customer of Cardiff on the surrender of Edmond Wogan (now deceased) and William Poulett.

Treasury Outletters Customs I. p. 47.

Same to the Attorney General for preparation of a lease of the High Forest of Teesdale and the chace of Moorwood, co. Durham, to Arthur Baynbrigg.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XXXVII. p. 44.

[? Nov. 5]

The Treasury to the Commissioners for setting out the King's 10,000 acres in Dean Forest for nurseries for ship timber to allow foreboard on those parts of the said nurseries that adjoin the enclosures of the adjacent freeholders: all in order to prevent trespass through the fenoes of other persons.

Ibid, p. 45.

Nov. 6

Treasury warrant to the officers of the Works to make a survey and valuation of that part of the old buildings of Greenwich House called the Armory: with a view to a report to the King on the petition of Widow Pott.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XXXVII.p. 46.

Nov. 7

Same to Sir William Waller, &c., Farmers of the Prizage and Butlerage, to pay 96l. to the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal for one year's ancient allowance to Michaelmas last in lieu of 12 tuns of Gascony wines: and to continue said allowance in future.

Treasury Outletters Customs I. p. 48.

Money warrant for 66l. 13s. 4d. for the Master and Fellows of Emmanuel College. Cambridge, for four years to June 24 last on their perpetuity for the maintenance of five scholars there.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XVII. pp. 118–9.

Same for 100l. to Michaell Arnold and John Tyson as royal bounty to the poor of St. Margaret's, Westminster.

Ibid, p. 119.

Treasury warrant for discharge of the baronet fee of 1.095l. due to Sir George Trevelyan, of Nettlecombe, co. Somerset.

Ibid.

Money warrant for 60l. to the Duke of Albemarle for one year to Sept. 29 last as Keeper of St. James's Park.

Ibid, p. 120.

Same for 60l. to Sir Edward Thurland for 1½ years to June 24 last as a King's Counsel.

Ibid, p. 121.

Same for 54l. 2s. 6d. to Sir Thomas Clarges for 1½ years to Sept. 29 last as Deputy Keeper of the New Park at Hampton Court and for 56l. for repairs there.

Ibid.

Treasury warrant to the Clerk of the Pipe for a lease to Sir George Probert of certain lands in co. Monmouth forfeited to the King by John Nicholas.

Ibid, XXXVII. pp. 42–4.

Prefixing:—Constat and ratal by the Surveyor General.

[? Nov. 7]

Demise to William Turney of certain lands in Denbigh late part of the possessions of Sir Thomas Bateman, Bart., outlaw (see supra, p. 198).

Ibid, p. 44

Nov. 8

Money warrant for 10,000l. to the Earl of Anglesey towards seamen's wages due before Jan. last.

Ibid, XVII. p. 122.

Nov. 11

Same for 376l. (? 368l.) to Sir William Swann for six months to Sept. 29 last as Resident at Hamburg.

Ibid, pp. 124–5; Treasury Order Book XXXV. p. 92.

Treasury warrant to the Customs Farmers to pay 6l. 13s. 4d. to the Earl of Berkshire for half-a-year's creation money to the dignity of a Viscount to Sept. 29 last.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XVII. p. 125.

Nov. 12

The Treasury to the Customs Farmers to pay the tallies due to Sir Job. Charlton and Mr. Mylward.

Treasury Outletters Customs I. p. 52.

Treasury warrant to the Customs Farmers, &c., to pay into the Receipt moneys received on the duty on exported coals since June 24 last: in order to meet the annuity of 1,000l. granted by the King to the Earl of Carlisle by letters patent of 1666–7, March 21.

Ibid, pp. 48–9.

The Treasury to the various Governors of the Plantations. Recite the clauses in the Act of Navigation 12 Car. II. concerning taking bond of ships trading between England and the Plantations. Further recite the clauses in the Navigation
Act, 15 Charles I, concerning proof of the nationality of the ships engaged in such trade. (fn. 1) Further recite the order in Council of 1664–5, March 24, which, in regard of the war then between England and Holland did dispense with several clauses in the said Acts giving liberty for English merchants to trade with the Plantations in foreign ships, which said licence or dispensation was limited only to the Kingdom of England, and not extended to any other place whatsoever. "And His Majesty well considering of what importance it is to the wellfare of this nation in general as well as to His Majesty's revenue in particular that these laws be duly and strictly observed: and finding that notwithstanding all the penalties against the transgressors thereof several ships have been permitted or taken the liberty to trade or convey goods and merchandize between the said Plantations and other parts of His Majesty's dominions viz. Scotland, Ireland and Tangier and also into foreign counties contrary to the true and express meaning of the said Acts: which His Majesty cannot but in great measure impute to the neglect of duty in his Governors of the said Plantations who have not been so careful as they ought in debarring all trade with such ships as have come without certificate from England, nor in taking bond from such as are permitted to trade there from other Plantations and returning the same to the chief officer of the Customs in London as is particularly directed: the want whereof hath been the cause that several ships have gone with their lading to Tangier, the Straights and other foreign places." Therefore on His Majesty's behalf hereby admonish and forewarn all said Governors of Plantations to be most careful herein in future, and in particular to be "punctual in debarring all ships from trade in your Plantation ... which shall not bring certificate from the chief officers of the Customs in England that bond is given to return thither according to the intent of the law: and for other English ships coming from other of our Plantations that you take sufficient bond that they shall carry all the goods so laden to some other of His Majesty's Plantations or directly into England."

Ibid, pp 49–51.

Nov. 12

Money warrant for 2,170l. to Charles Earl of Carlisle for his disbursements in several embassies.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XVII. p. 122.

Same, dormant, for the fee of 40l. per an. to Sir Giles Sweit, Professor of the Civil Law at Oxford: with the amount due thereon for 1½ years to Sept 29 last.

Ibid, p. 124.

Treasury warrant to the Receipt for discharge of the baronet fee of 1,095l. due from Richard Cocks of Dumbleton, co. Gloucester.

Ibid, p. 132.

Signature by my Lords of a Treasury order of Nov. 7 for 93l. 12s. 0d. to Henry Story for freight of the ship "Adventure": for 289l. to Thomas Tyndall for freight of
the ship "John": of November 8 for 55l. 4s. 2d. to Sarah Howell for goods delivered to the stores at Chatham: of Nov. 9 for 57l. 3s. 9d. to William Bushell for provisions delivered to the stores: for 178l. 0s. 8d. to William Oliver for freight of the ship "Swan": of November 11 for 510l. 10s. 0d. and 185l. 8s. 0d. to the Earl of Anglesey for officers of the Navy.

Treasury Order Book XXXV. pp. 88–9.

Nov. 12

Treasury warrant for the discharge from oustody of John Newton, Collector of Tenths of the diocese of Peterborough.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XXXIX. p. 207.

[?Nov. 12]

Same for same of John Pooler, same of same of the diocese of Worcester.

Ibid.

Nov. 14

Same to the Customs Farmers to discharge a seizure of nutmegs belonging to Gerrard Weyman.

Treasury Outletters Customs I. pp. 55–6.

Prefixing:—Note of said Weyman's petition and report thereon from the Customs Farmers.

Money warrant for 4,000l. to Baptist May, Keeper of the Privy Purse.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XVIL p. 126.

Same, dormant, for the annuity of 50l. to Elizabeth Burley, widow: and for 1¼ years thereon to Sept. 29 last.

Ibid.

Money warrant for 1,500l. to William Ashburnham, Cofferer of the Household.

Ibid, p. 127.

Treasury warrant to the Customs Farmers to pay tallies for 987l. 7s. 0d. for the garrison of Carlisle and 584l. 7s. 6d. for the garrison of Plymouth.

Ibid, p. 128.

Same to same to pay 40l. to the Earl of Chesterfield for two years' creation money to the dignity of an Earl.

Ibid, p. 129.

Money warrant for 1,000l. to Mrs. Jane Lane. now wife of Sir Clement Fisher for one year on her pension.

Ibid.

Same for 90l. to Dr. Francis Glisson for 2¼ year to Sept. 29 last as Reader in Physic in the University of Cambridge.

Ibid, p. 131.

Same for 10l. to Mary Goode, executrix of Thomas Good, late Doctor of the Civil Law and Reader thereof in the University of Cambridge: for one quarter to 1666, Lady Day.

Ibid.

Same for 30l. to John Clerke, D.C.L., now Reader of the Civil Law at Cambridge for three quarters to Sept. 29 last.

Ibid, p. 132.

Signature by my Lords of 44 Treasury orders of this day's date for, in all, 32,000l. to Sir Dennis Gawden for repayment of loan: of Oct. 15 for 105l. 14s. 6d. to John Leadman for carving work done to His Majesty's ships: for 124l. 15s. 2d. to Isaack Walker for painting work done to His Majesty's ships: of Oct. 28 for 51l. 10s. 5d. and 48l. 14s. 1d. to Henry Munt for provisions delivered: of November 4 for 459l. 10s. 6d. to Humfry Hurst for pròvisions: for 185l. 14s. 8d. to William Freeborne for same: for 259l. 18s. 0d. to John Pemble for same: of Nov. 6 for 100l. to John Webb for repayment of loan: of Nov. 9 for 57l. 3s. 9d. to William Bushell for provisions: of Nov. 13 for 448l. to Baptist May for the Privy Purse: for 100l. to Michael Arnold and John Tyson for the poor of St. Martin's, Westminster.

Treasury Order Book XXXV. pp. 90–2.

Nov.15

Treasury warrant to the Receipt to discharge the baronet fee of 1,095l. due from Hugh Smithson of Stannick alias Stanwick co. Yorks.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XVII. p. 135.

Nov. 18

Same to the Solicitor General for a grant to John Fitzherbert and William Fitzherbert, his son, of the office of Customer outwards, Bristol port: on surrender of said John Fitzherbert.

Treasury Outletters Customs I. p. 54.

Same to the Customs Farmers to discharge a seizure of tallow, &c., belonging to Anthony West et al., who, having been prisoners in Holland, imported these small things on their return.

Ibid. pp. 54–5.

Prefixing:—Note of their petition, and report thereon from the Customs Farmers

Same to the Customs officers of Poole port for the searcher of Poole port to take fees only in accordance with the Order in Council of 1624, Sept. 16 (viz. 4d. for every pack entering the King's storehouse, and 2d, for every other pack not so entering)

Ibid, pp. 52–3.

Signature by my Lords of Treasury orders of Nov. 12 for 298l. 1s. 3d. to Thomas Pitt for cordage delivered to the stores at Portsmouth: of Nov. 13 for 312l. 4s. 2d. to Thomas Harrison for work done to several of His Majesty's ships: for 113l. 1s. 6d. and 191l. 4s. 8d. to Richard Haile for cordage &c., delivered to the stores at Deptford: of Nov. 14 for 34l. 4s. 11d. for yarn delivered to the stores.

Treasury Order Book XXXV. p. 92.

Treasury warrant for a Privy Seal for installing the First Fruits of the Bishop of Exeter.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XVII. pp. 129–30.

Money warrant for 220l. and 100l. 16s. 0d. to Sir Henry Jones for moneys owing in the Isle of Wight for quartering the milita of Wilts and Berks and for gunners and matrosses employed at several forts and batteries in said Island.

Ibid, pp. 119 130.

Treasury warrant to the Receipt for discharge of the baronet fee of 1,095l. due from John Bucke of Hanby Grange, co. Lincoln.

Ibid, p. 131.

Nov. 19

Money warrant for 5,333l. 6s. 8d. to Charles Henry de Bellegarde Marquis de Montbrun remaining due on the Privy Seal of 1661, May 29. (Cancelled, see infra, p. 209, under date Dec. 3.)

Ibid, p. 132.

Treasury warrant to the Receiver of Crown revenues in Kent to pay Sir William Boreman the balance of his allowance of 148l. per an. as Keeper of His Majesty's dwarf orchard and wilderness in Greenwich Park.

Ibid, p. 134.

The Treasury to the Farmers of the Chimney money to repair at once to the respective Auditors of the revenue to pass their accounts for the half-year ended 1666. Lady Day. And as for such sub-farmers or agents as have not paid up in full to the Farmers, their bonds are to be delivered to the King's Remembrancer to prosecute according to law.

Ibid, XXXVI.p. 50.

Nov. 20

Money warrant for 100l. to Sir Edward Griffith [Griffin], Treasurer of the Chamber, to be paid to William Cotton, one of the King's Harbingers.

Ibid, XVII. p. 134.

Treasury warrant to the Receipt to discharge the baronet fee of 1,095l. due from John Cutts of Childerley, co. Cambridge.

Ibid, p. 136.

Nov. 21

Treasury warrant to the Attorney General for a grant to Thomas Chichley of the King's two-thirds part, up to a total of 4,000l., of the freight of the ships now employed at the Caribbee Islands under Sir John Harman.

Treasury Outletters Customs I. pp. 57–8.

Same to same to prepare a lease to Capt. Francis Terringham of the coal mines and grindstone quarries belonging to the King in Dean Forest.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XXXVII. p. 47.

[?Nov. 21]

Demise by lease under the Exchequer Seal of lands in Llanvihangel-Tor-y-Mynydd, co. Monmouth, to George Probert: being forfeited to the King by John Nicholas.

Ibid, p. 48.

Nov. 22

Treasury warrant to the Receipt to discharge the Baronet fee of 1,095l. due from Anthony Oldfield, of Spalding, co. Lincoln.

Ibid, XVII. p. 137.

Nov. 25

The Treasury to the Commissioners for the Aids in Stottesden Hundred, co. Salop, concerning short assessments in said hundred.

Ibid, XXXIV. p. 50.

Same to Sir Bryan Broughton et al., Commissioners for the Aid for co. Stafford, concerning the unpaid arrear on the lands of Sheriff Hales, &c.

Ibid.

Same to same concerning the abatement in the assessment made to the town of Newport, co. Salop (by reason of the fire there): which abatement has not yet been re-assessed on the whole county.

Ibid, p. 51.

Treasury subscription of a royal warrant for a grant to Richard Gwynn of the office of Collector of Customs. Cardiff port: on surrender of William Paulett and Edmond Wogan, deceased.

Treasury Outletters Customs I. p. 59.

Warrant under the royal sign manual to the principal officers and Commissioners of the Navy to allow in account to Sir George Carteret, late Treasurer of the Navy, his payments made from time to time for the Admiral's regiment of foot and the Holland Regiment: subject to its being according to the muster rolls, &c.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XV. pp. 39–40.

Money warrant for 25l. for 1¼ years to Sept. 29 last to John Wilson, Dr. in Physic, on his fee as one of His Majesty's music.

Ibid, XVII. pp. 136–7.

Treasury warrant to the Receipt to discharge the Baronet fees of 1,095l. each due from Sir William Glynn, of Bioester, co. Oxford: and Sir Humfry Monoux, of Wootton, co. Beds.

Ibid, pp. 137, 139.

Same to the Customs Farmers to pay 16l. 13s. 4d. to the Earl of Denbigh for half-year to Sept. 29 last on his creation money as Earl and Viscount: and dormant warrant for same in future.

Ibid, p. 137.

Same to same to pay 10l. to the Earl of Dorset for half-a-year to Sept. 29 on his creation money as Earl.

Ibid. p. 138.

Nov. 26

Treasury warrant for the arrest of Samuel Fox, of Godmanchester, and of Mr. Walker and Thomas Boswater, Constables of Godmanochester, and others, detailed, on the complaint of Thomas Terry, deputy of John Peryn, late Receiver of Hearth money for co. Hunts.

Ibid, XXXVI.p. 53.

Same for same of Edwin Walford, John Banson, Francis Dorringhton and Michael Grove, deputies employed under Charles Fitch, late Receiver of Hearth money for co. Essex: and also of Edward Sandford and Francis Clerke, formerly employed in the same receipt.

Ibid. pp. 51–2.

Nov. 26

Treasury commission to Nathaniel Booth as Receiver for co. Chester of the One Month and Eleven Months' tax. The like for John Tretheny as same for co. Somerset; Richard Kirby for co. Lancs; Sir. William Doyly, Kt. and Bt., Sir William Doyly, Kt., John Loveing and Laurence Squibb for London and Middlesex; Charles Goodwyn for Sussex; Jervase Bennet for co. Derby; William Andrews for co. Herts; William Broxholm for co. Lincoln; John Randall for co. Dorset and Poole; Robert Bendish for Norfolk and Norwich; William Polehill for Kent; Robert Foley for co. Worcester; John Newsham for co. Warwick and Coventry; Thomas Seykes for Berks; Sir Walter Moyle for Cornwall; Peter Woodcock for Rutland; William Greene for co. Leicester; Francis Holinshed for co. Stafford and Lichfield; Thomas Sandys for Cumberland and Westmorland: Thomas Argoll for Essex; Thomas Weedon for Bucks; Dudley Rouse for Oxford; William Levet for Wilts; John Swinburne for Northumberland, Durham and Newcastle-on-Tyne; Richard Gwynn for co. Glamorgan; John Vaughan for Cardigan and Carmarthen; Lewis Harding for co. Beds.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XXXIV. pp. 65, 67, 68–70, 79.

Money warrant (by tallies on the Farm of the Post Office) for the 462l. 10s. 0d. per quarter to each of the Principal Secretaries of State, as by the Privy Seal of 1663, August 6: viz. for the amount grown due thereon from Lady Day last.

Ibid, XVII. p. 142.

Same for 25l. each to Eleanor Withers and Joan Halsnoth for half-a-year to Sept. 29 last on their pensions.

Ibid, pp. 142–3.

Same for one year's allowance to the six Under-Marshals at the gate on the fee of 10s. a day. (Auditor's order hereon, dated Dec. 30, for 182l. 10s. 0d. to the Cofferer of the Household for said Under-Marshals.)

Ibid, pp. 143–4; Treasury Order Book XXXV. p. 97.

Same for 1,500l. to the Cofferer of the Household.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XVII. p. 136.

Nov. 27

Petition from Peter Barr, merchant, for discharge of a seizure of lockromes.

Treasury Outletters Customs I. p. 60.

Referred:—To the Customs Farmers.

Privy Seal for 10,505l. 18s 9d. per month for the Guards, as by the new establishment lately made therefor, viz. three troops of Guards, a regiment of Horse, 12 companies of the Royal Regiment of Foot under Col. Russell, the Lord General's regiment of Foot, the Field and Staff Officers of the Duke of York and of the Holland regiments.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XV. pp. 78–9.

Signature by my Lords of Treasury orders of Nov. 20 for 212l. 18s. 5d. and 75l. 3s. 0d. to John Ruffhead for ironwork and anchors delivered into the stores: of Nov. 21 for 73l. 14s. 6d. to John Pemble for timber.

Treasury Order Book XXXV. p. 93.

Nov. 28

The Treasury to Viscount Fanshaw to deliver up the bonds of John Rawleigh, deceased, late Receiver of Hearth money for Bristol, and of George Rawleigh, his security and administrator.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XXXVI. p. 54.

Treasury warrant to the Customs Farmers to pay 20l. to the Earl of Bolingbroke for one year to Sept. 29 on his creation money as Earl.

Ibid, XVII. p. 139.

Money warrant for 24l. to Sir Jordan Crosland for 1½ years' fee to Sept. 29 last as Constable of Scarborough Castle.

Ibid, p. 143.

Nov. 28

Treasury warrant to [Alderman Bucknal et al.] authorising them to collect all the Excise of brandies and other exciseable liquors imported into the outports from the date hereof till June 24, 1668: on paying 1,250l. for the same into the Exchequer on the 30th inst.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XVII. p. 144.

Money warrant for 100l. to Sir Godfrey Lloyd. Chief Engineer of all His Majesty's garrisons, castles and fortifications: in part of 480l. due to him for two years' salary.

Ibid.

Same for 571l. 4s. 0d. to Sir John Robinson for the garrison of the Tower, August 3 last to Sept. 28.

Ibid, p. 145.

Treasury warrant to the Customs Farmers to pay 40l. to the Earl of Sunderland for two years' creation money to Sept. 29 last: and dormant warrant for same in future.

Ibid.

Same (dormant) to same to pay the perpetuity or pension of 40l. per an. from Lady Day last to the borough of Clifton and Dartmouth Hardness, as granted by Henry VII. by indenture of 16 Jan., 1486, for making the tower and bulwark there and garrisoning the same with guns. &c., for ever.

Ibid, p. 146.

Money warrant for 500l. to Baptist May for the Privy Purse: and for further sums of 500l. every fortnight until the sum of 2,000l, shall have been paid.

Ibid, pp. 147, 151; Treasury Order Book XXXV. p. 96.

[?Nov.28]

Entry of demise of lease under the Exchequer Seal of a capital messuage, &c., called Trevothocke in the parish of St. Anthony in Meneage, co. Cornwall, to James Cotton. Walter Rice. John Potter, William Vivian, James Morrys and Bargrave Rowe.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XXXVII. p. 48.

Nov. 29

Treasury warrant to Sir William Waller to make allowance to the Chief Justices of the King's Bench and Common Pleas and to the Chief Baron of the Exchequer of 13l. 6s. 8d. each per an., being for two tuns of wine each per an.

Treasury Outletters Customs I. p. 60.

Signature by my Lords of Treasury orders of Nov. 27 for 50l. to Abraham Harcourte in repayment of loan.

Treasury Order Book XXXV. p. 94.

Nov. 30

Treasury Commission to George Hosier as Receiver General for Salop, for the One Month and the Eleven Months' tax. The like to Symon Smyth as same for Surrey.

Treasury Miscellanea Warrants Early XXXIV. pp. 61–2.

Privy Seal for 1,000l. to the Duke of Albemarle as imprest for horses for the King and Queen (see Dec. 30 infra).

Ibid, XV. p. 65.

Nov.—

Treasury warrant for the discharge of Richard Dance, high collector of the Hundred of Chadlington (co. Oxford) for the Aids.

Ibid, XXXIV. p. 54.

Footnotes

1. Footnote.—This recital here given of the Act contains the following extraodinary words: "and for the further and more peculiar appropriating the trade of these plantations to the Kingdom of England exclusive from all other His Majesty's dominions." These words are not to be found in either of Charles's Navigation Acts, 12 Car. II. c. 18 and 15 Car. II. c. 7. In the former of these two Acts Ireland is joined with England, Wales and Berwick on Tweed in the enjoyment of the benefits of the Act, and this stipulation is again enacted in the Act of 14 Car. II. c. 11 for preventing frauds, &c., in the Customs. The words italicised reveal (what the Statute Book conceals) how far in the mind of the English Government the Navigation Act was directed against Scotland (as well as against Holland).