Jayaraman, CA

Arun Jayaraman, San Ramon, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20090302963

BI-POLAR MODULATOR - A bi-polar modulator that can perform quadrature modulation using amplitude modulators is described. In one design, the bi-polar modulator includes first and second amplitude modulators and a summer. The first amplitude modulator amplitude modulates a first carrier signal with a first input signal and provides a first amplitude modulated signal. The second amplitude modulator amplitude modulates a second carrier signal with a second input signal and provides a second amplitude modulated signal. The summer sums the first and second amplitude modulated signals and provides a quadrature modulated signal that is both amplitude and phase modulated. The first and second input signals may be obtained based on absolute values of first and second modulating signals, respectively. The first and second carrier signals have phases determined based on the sign of the first and second modulating signals, respectively. Each amplitude modulator may be implemented with a class-E amplifier.

12-10-2009

20110242045

NOISE BLOCKING IN A CAPACITIVE TOUCH DEVICE - A touch controller to be used by a touch screen device to provide a touch position is disclosed, including a plurality of capacitance sensing channels that each provide an analog signal responsive to a touch on a screen; a channel multiplexer to select at least one of the plurality of channels; an analog-to-digital converter to change the analog signal of the selected capacitance sensing channel to a digital signal; a noise detecting channel coupled to a noise analog-to-digital converter to generate a noise digital signal; a noise blocking timing generation block that combines a time shifted digital signal and a blocking signal, wherein the time shifted digital signal is formed by time shifting the digital signal and the blocking signal is related to the noise signal; a capacitance calculating block coupled to the noise blocking time generation block to calculate capacitance values for each of the capacitance sensing channels; and a position calculation unit to find the touch position on the screen based on the capacitance values for each of the capacitance sensing channels.

10-06-2011

20120043972

METHOD AND CIRCUIT FOR REDUCING NOISE IN A CAPACITIVE SENSING DEVICE - A capacitive sensing circuit is provided. The capacitive sensing circuit includes a first capacitor and a charge-to-voltage converter circuit coupled to the first capacitor. The charge-to-voltage converter circuit includes a first current source that provides a first current to the first capacitor to charge the first capacitor and generate a time-varying voltage. The capacitive sensing circuit also includes a voltage-to-charge converter circuit coupled to the charge-to-voltage converter circuit, wherein the voltage-to-charge converter circuit samples the time-varying voltage and converts the time-varying voltage into a sampled charge at a predetermined sampling frequency. The capacitive sensing circuit further includes an integrator circuit coupled to the voltage-to-charge circuit, wherein the integrator circuit receives the sampled charge and integrates the sampled charge.

02-23-2012

Patent applications by Arun Jayaraman, San Ramon, CA US

Arun Jayaraman, San Diego, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20140064166

DYNAMIC SELECTION OF EARLY-RX DURATION DURING NETWORK SLEEP OPERATION - Systems, methods, and devices for saving power in wireless communications devices are described herein. In some aspects, an apparatus includes a memory unit configured to store wake-up information associated with a wake-up time duration for receiving a beacon signal, and includes a processor operationally coupled to the memory unit. The wake-up time duration identifies a time for the processor to wake-up before an expected arrival time of the next beacon signal. The processor may be configured to retrieve the wake-up information from the memory, and vary, over a period of time, the wake-up time duration based on the wake-up information.

03-06-2014

Arun Jayaraman, Redwood City, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20090075689

MIXER WITH HIGH OUTPUT POWER ACCURACY AND LOW LOCAL OSCILLATOR LEAKAGE - A circuit receives a first signal (for example, a baseband signal) and mixes it with a local oscillator (LO) signal, and outputs a second signal (for example, an RFOUT signal). The circuit includes multiple identical Mixer and Frequency Divider Pair (MFDP) circuits. Each MFDP can be enabled separately. Each MFDP includes a mixer and a frequency divider that provides the mixer with a local version of the LO signal. The MFDP outputs are coupled together so that the output power of the second signal (RFOUT) is the combined output powers of the various MFDPs. By controlling the number of enabled MFDPs, the output power of the second signal is controlled. Because the MFDPs all have identical layouts, accuracy of output power step size is improved. Because LO signal power within the circuit automatically changes in proportion to the number of enabled MFDPs, local oscillator leakage problems are avoided.

03-19-2009

Arunkumar Jayaraman, San Jose, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20130121221

Reducing Power Consumption In Wireless Network Stations By Optimizing Contention Period Overhead With Station Grouping, Proxy CSMA, And TIM Monitoring - A method of saving power in a wireless network can include determining a plurality of stations associated with an AP. The AP can create station groups using group selection logic. Notably, the group selection logic is transparent to the plurality of stations. A plurality of TIMs can then be sent, each TIM allowing only one station group access to a channel during a predetermined time interval, such as a beacon interval. In another method, a station can determine its sleep duration based on at least one of first information from the TIM to generate random sleep duration, second information regarding previous operation of the station, and third information regarding a status of the station. The first, second, and third information can include the number of stations associated with the AP and having buffered data based on the TIM, historical collisions, and power status.

05-16-2013

20140301259

DYNAMIC VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY SCALING IN WIRELESS MODEMS - Methods and apparatuses are described in which dynamic voltage and frequency scaling may be used to save power when processing packets in a wireless communications device. In some cases, inframe detection may allow the device to determine whether to transition from a first (e.g., lower) voltage level to a second (e.g., higher) voltage level to process one or more packets of a received frame. For some packet types the first voltage level may be maintained. In other cases, the device may determine a bandwidth to use from among multiple bandwidths supported by the device. The bandwidth may be determined based on channel conditions. A voltage level may be identified that corresponds to the determined bandwidth and a processing voltage may be scaled to the identified voltage level. The device may be configured to operate in wireless local area network (WLAN) and/or in a cellular network (e.g., LTE).

10-09-2014

20140341098

ACCESS POINT RESPONSE TO PS-POLL - Methods, systems, and devices are described for power conservation in a wireless communications system through efficient transmissions and acknowledgements of information between an AP and a station. The time between a determination by a station to enter a power saving mode and entering network sleep mode by the station may be reduced through a transmission, by an AP, of an MPDU to the station successive to an SIFS after transmission of an acknowledgement to the station of a PS-Poll frame from the station. The time to enter a power saving mode by a station may also be reduced through transmission of A-MPDUs in which a last MPDU of the A-MPDU has an indicator bit cleared to indicate no additional data is to be transmitted. An AP may prevent a retransmission of an MPDU to the station in the absence of an acknowledgement from the station, to further enhance efficiency.

11-20-2014

20140341099

ACCESS POINT RESPONSE TO PS-POLL - Methods, systems, and devices are described for power conservation in a wireless communications system through efficient transmissions and acknowledgements of information between an AP and a station. The time between a determination by a station to enter a power saving mode and entering network sleep mode by the station may be reduced through a transmission, by an AP, of an MPDU to the station successive to an SIFS after transmission of an acknowledgement to the station of a PS-Poll frame from the station. The time to enter a power saving mode by a station may also be reduced through transmission of A-MPDUs in which a last MPDU of the A-MPDU has an indicator bit cleared to indicate no additional data is to be transmitted. An AP may prevent a retransmission of an MPDU to the station in the absence of an acknowledgement from the station, to further enhance efficiency.

11-20-2014

20150065157

REVERSE CHANNEL SWITCH REQUEST FROM STATIONS TO ACCESS POINTS FOR LTE/WI-FI COEXISTENCE - Methods and apparatuses are described for wireless communications coexistence. In one aspect, a first device may detect an interference produced by a second device co-located with the first device. The first device may communicate with an access point (AP) using a free or open band and the second device may communicate with a cellular network (e.g., LTE network). In response to the detected interference, a message may be transmitted to the AP from the first device with information for the AP to determine whether to switch to a different channel in the open band to communicate with the first device. The AP may receive such a message from each terminal in at least a subset of associated terminals. The AP may determine, from the messages received, to switch to the different channel in the open band and may transmit a message to the associated terminals indicating the switch.

Baskar Jayaraman, Fremont, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20090024450

LOST SALES DETECTION AND ESTIMATION USING RETAIL STORE DATA - Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer program products, for detecting and estimating lost sales. A demand distribution for a product provided by a retail presence is determined. A probability of a lost sales occurrence is evaluated, including determining a predetermined time period and a probability of no sales over the predetermined time period. A determination of whether no sales have occurred over a time period corresponding in length to the predetermined time period is made. If the probability of no sales is below a threshold, an estimate of lost sales is determined.

01-22-2009

20140156581

A COMPUTER IMPLEMENTED SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATING THE GENERATION OF A BUSINESS DECISION ANALYTIC MODEL - The present invention envisages a system and method for automating the generation of business decision analytic models. The system uses a plurality of predictor variables stored in a plurality of data sets, to automatically create a business decision analytic model. The system includes a processor configured to process the data sets and determine the total number of records present in each of the data sets and the number of columns containing only numerical values. The processor selects a column containing only numerical values, from a dataset under consideration, and counts the number of unique numerical values in the selected column, and the total number of records present in the selected column. The two counts are compared and the selected column is transformed using a non-linear transformation to obtain a column of transformed values. The transformed values and corresponding time stamps are utilized for the purpose of model generation.

06-05-2014

Patent applications by Baskar Jayaraman, Fremont, CA US

Logeeswaran Veerayah Jayaraman, Davis, CA US

Manikandan Jayaraman, Santa Clara, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20110091731

SEMICONDUCTOR THIN FILMS FORMED FROM GROUP IV NANOPARTICLES - Native Group IV semiconductor thin films formed from coating substrates using formulations of Group IV nanoparticles are described. Such native Group IV semiconductor thin films leverage the vast historical knowledge of Group IV semiconductor materials and at the same time exploit the advantages of Group IV semiconductor nanoparticles for producing novel thin films which may be readily integrated into a number of devices.

04-21-2011

Manikandan Jayaraman, San Jose, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20090107359

PREPARATION OF GROUP IV SEMICONDUCTOR NANOPARTICLE MATERIALS AND DISPERSIONS THEREOF - A method of forming an ink, the ink configured to form a conductive densified film is disclosed. The method includes providing a set of Group IV semiconductor particles, wherein each Group IV semiconductor particle of the set of Group IV semiconductor particles includes a particle surface with a first exposed particle surface area. The method also includes reacting the set of Group IV semiconductor particles to a set of bulky capping agent molecules resulting in a second exposed particle surface area, wherein the second exposed particle surface area is less than the first exposed particle surface area. The method further includes dispersing the set of Group IV semiconductor particles in a vehicle, wherein the ink is formed.

MOBILE DISPLAY INTERFACE - An apparatus for encoding video display data comprises a transmitter that is configured to accept an RGB data signal from a source and a receiver that is configured to accept the RGB data signal from the transmitter. The RGB data signal comprises redundant synchronization information. Methods of using the apparatus are also provided.

Prakash Jayaraman, Fremont, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20130163584

MEDIA IDENTIFICATION, CLASSIFICATION, FORWARDING, AND MANAGEMENT FOR VOICE AND VIDEO COMMUNICATIONS - A system processes media, such as voice and video, in a scalable and secure manner. The system can process voice and video for a large quantity of users. For example, the system can enable large quantities of simultaneous phone conversations over an IP network. The IP network can carry voice, video, and other data concurrently. The system identifies which packets carry voice data, which packets carry video, and which packets carry other kinds of data. The system scales both with the quantity of users and in terms of network topology. Multiple digital signal processors (DSPs) can be controlled by and connected to a switching device via an Ethernet network. One or more DSPs connected to the switching device interact with the switching device as separate IP devices, in that each such DSP may have its own separate IP address to which IP packets may be addressed.

06-27-2013

Praveen K. Jayaraman, Santa Clara, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20090259620

Method and system for real-time data searches - Methods and system for real-time data searches are described. In one embodiment, time period news data may be received from a media source. A topical attribute associated with the time period news data may be obtained. A search request for data from a target data source may be received. The search request may include request criterion. The search request may be processed using the request criterion and the topical attribute to obtain result data. The result data may be provided from the target data source.

10-15-2009

20110161150

METHODS AND SYSTEMS PROVIDING A MULTI-MERCHANT REWARDS PLATFORM - Methods and systems for providing a multi-merchant rewards platform are discussed. In an example, a system can include an administration interface, a user tracking module, a rewards engine, and a database. The administration interface can receive a campaign rule from a merchant registered within an online marketplace. The user tracking module can identify a user accessing the online marketplace from a remote computer system. The rewards engine can determine, while the user is accessing the online marketplace, whether the user satisfies the campaign rule and calculate, based on the determination that the user satisfies the campaign rule, a non-monetary point allocation associated with a user action. The rewards engine can also receive input from the user indicating selection of the user action. The database can store the non-monetary point allocation associated with the user action.

06-30-2011

20140052547

GENERATING PRODUCT PURCHASE PAGES FOR CONTAINERS OF ITEMS - Methods and systems to build containers of uncategorized items are described. In some example embodiments, the methods and systems generate a title for a container of uncategorized items available for purchase within a network-based publication system, associate two or more uncategorized items available for purchase within the network-based publication system to the container based on a comparison of titles of the two or more uncategorized items and the generated title for the container of uncategorized items, and cause a display of a container-based product purchase page within the network-based publication system that presents product description information for at least one of the associated two or more uncategorized items available for purchase within the network-based publication system.

02-20-2014

20140052579

BUILDING CONTAINERS OF UNCATEGORIZED ITEMS AT MULTIPLE LOCATIONS - Methods and systems to build containers of uncategorized items are described. In some example embodiments, the methods and systems access a search request for items available for purchase via a network-based location, collect information associated with available items having product description information satisfying the search request and located at multiple network-based locations, determine one or more containers that associate items available for purchase based on the collected information, and publish a result for the search request that is based on the determined containers.

02-20-2014

20140052589

BUILDING CONTAINERS OF UNCATEGORIZED ITEMS - Methods and systems to build containers of uncategorized items are described. In some example embodiments, the methods and systems collect information from titles of items available for purchase within a network-based publication system, generate a title for a container of uncategorized items available for purchase within the network-based publication system that is based on the collected information, and associate two or more uncategorized items available for purchase within the network-based publication system to the container based on a comparison of titles of the two or more uncategorized items and the generated title for the container of uncategorized items.

02-20-2014

20140052719

PRESENTING INFORMATION FOR CONTAINERS IN SEARCH RESULTS - Methods and systems to build containers of uncategorized items are described. In some example embodiments, the methods and systems access a search query received by a network-based publication system, identify a container of uncategorized items having a title that satisfies the search query, and return a result for the search query that is associated with the identified container.

02-20-2014

Patent applications by Praveen K. Jayaraman, Santa Clara, CA US

Raja Jayaraman, Fremont, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20120017040

Maintaining Data Consistency in Mirrored Cluster Storage Systems Using Bitmap Write-Intent Logging - Techniques for maintaining mirrored storage cluster data consistency can employ write-intent logging. The techniques can be scaled to any number of mirror nodes. The techniques can keep track of any outstanding I/Os, data in caches, and data that has gone out of sync between mirrored nodes due to link failures. The techniques can ensure that a power failure on any of the storage nodes does not result in inconsistent data among the storage nodes. The techniques may keep track of outstanding I/Os using a minimal memory foot-print and having a negligible impact on the I/O performance. Properly choosing the granularity of the system for tracking outstanding I/Os can result in a minimal amount of data requiring transfer to synchronize the mirror nodes. The capability to vary the granularity based on physical and logical parameters of the storage volumes may provide performance benefits.

01-19-2012

20130067162

METHODS AND STRUCTURE FOR LOAD BALANCING OF BACKGROUND TASKS BETWEEN STORAGE CONTROLLERS IN A CLUSTERED STORAGE ENVIRONMENT - Methods and structure for load balancing of background tasks between storage controllers are provided. An exemplary active storage controller comprises a front-end interface that receives host Input/Output (I/O) requests directed to a logical volume, a back-end interface that couples with one or more of storage devices provisioning the logical volume, and a control unit. The control unit processes the host I/O requests directed to the logical volume, identifies a background processing task distinct from the host I/O requests and related to the logical volume, and assigns the background processing task to a passive storage controller for processing.

03-14-2013

Rajkumar Jayaraman, San Jose, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20130117489

USB HOST WAKE FROM SLEEP STATE FOR MOBILE DEVICES - A USB host for wakeup from a sleep state includes a hold memory, a USB host controller, and a USB driver. When going to sleep, the USB driver sends a suspend command to the USB host controller in response to receiving a sleep command. The USB driver also reads a controller context from the USB host controller and saves the controller context in the hold memory. Thereafter, the USB driver turns off one or more supply potentials and one or more clocks in the host controller, and returns a sleep acknowledgement. While in sleep, the interface pins are placed in a hold state and notification to the operating system are disabled.

05-09-2013

Ramesh B. Jayaraman, Fremont, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20150031937

Modular Driveline - A modular driveline includes a modular portion including a cable and a connector, the cable having terminations, and a percutaneous portion including a cable and a connector, the cable having terminations. The percutaneous portion connector couples to the modular portion connector, and cable terminations at the connectors are captured in the connectors by potting. The cable can include an inner member, conductors disposed about the inner member, a covering about the conductors, a layer extruded onto the covering, an armor braid over the extruded layer, and an outer jacket extruded over the armor braid.

MODULAR DRIVELINE - A modular driveline includes a modular portion including a cable and a connector, the cable having terminations, and a percutaneous portion including a cable and a connector, the cable having terminations. The percutaneous portion connector couples to the modular portion connector, and cable terminations at the connectors are captured in the connectors by potting. The cable can include an inner member, conductors disposed about the inner member, a covering about the conductors, a layer extruded onto the covering, an armor braid over the extruded layer, and an outer jacket extruded over the armor braid.

06-14-2012

Patent applications by Ramesh Babu Jayaraman, Fremont, CA US

Ramprabhu Jayaraman, San Francisco, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20130273877

Low Cost Automotive Accident Alert System - An alert apparatus has a digital processor coupled to an accelerometer and wireless pairing circuitry for pairing wirelessly with a smartphone, software that executes operations or firmware, an OBD connector that monitors the onboard diagnostics system of a vehicle for specific information, monitors the accelerometer for deceleration exceeding a preset value, updates position of the automobile periodically, and, in the event of a determination that an accident has occurred, and transmits an alert signal to the smartphone via wireless pairing circuitry, which then sends alert communications to emergency services and contacts.

10-17-2013

20130274953

Vehicle Location Navigation System - An apparatus includes a connector to an on board diagnostic (OBD) port of a vehicle, wireless communications circuitry, a processor and a memory, the memory storing instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to monitor the ignition state of the vehicle, and upon detecting an ignition off state, reporting at least the off state to a network-enabled communications appliance wireles sly paired for wireless communication with the apparatus.

10-17-2013

20130275013

Method for Improving Fuel Economy of an Operated Vehicle - In one embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus is provided comprising a connector to an onboard diagnostics (OBD) port of a vehicle, wireless communications circuitry, and a processor and a memory, the memory storing instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to monitor fuel consumption of the vehicle relative to mileage driven to derive fuel efficiency values, monitor driving behavior concurrently and associating certain driving behaviors to any dips and rises in the fuel efficiency values, and transmit the values and associated data to a wireless communications appliance wirelessly paired to communicate with the apparatus.

10-17-2013

20140100767

System and Method for Reviewing Travel Trips - A mobile communication device includes a global positioning system (GPS) capability, a digital processor, digital memory, a display screen, and a software (SW) application executing by the processor, the SW providing determining and recording a start of a trip, tracking location of the vehicle after trip start, interpreting data and recording an acceleration event, a deceleration event or a speeding event, recording fuel volume during the trip, determining and recording an end of the trip; and an interactive display including an address at the start and the end of the trip, separated by a timeline for the trip, a vehicle icon moveable along the timeline, icons specific to event type at locations along the timeline representing the acceleration, deceleration and speeding events determined during the trip, and a summary box providing a distance and duration of the trip and fuel efficiency and fuel cost for the trip.

04-10-2014

20140107886

System to View Automobile Diagnostic Information - A system has a Link device coupled to an on-board diagnostics (OBD) system of a vehicle, the Link device enabled to monitor trouble codes presented by the OBD system, and having a port enabled to transmit to and receive from external devices, a mobile communication device, the device having a display screen, and an application (App) executing on the mobile communication device from a non-transitory medium. The Link device receives trouble codes from the vehicle OBD system and transmits them to either to the App or to an Internet-connected server, where the trouble codes are associated with the issues they represent, and wherein the App, having associated the trouble codes with the issues or having received the association data from the server, presents a display to the driver comprising at least the problem represented by the problem code and suggested action to correct the problem.

04-17-2014

20140108819

System and Method Providing Permission Based Access to Automotive Computers - A Link device has a processor connected to an internal Link bus, a non-transitory memory, a digital device ID, one or both of firmware or software executing from non-transitory media, a first communication port enabled to communicate with a vehicle bus coupling computerized devices in a vehicle, and a second communication port enabled to communicate with one or more digital devices external to the vehicle. The firmware or software enables the Link device to communicate with the vehicle bus, and to accomplish a variety of tasks including pulling data from data stores in the vehicle and operating specific vehicle functions, and wherein the firmware or software manages communication with the one or more external digital devices, accepting only requests for cooperation with the Link device using the unique device ID with a request that is cryptographically secure.

04-17-2014

Sankararaman Jayaraman, Santa Clara, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20140153573

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SCALING IPV6 ADDRESSES IN A NETWORK ENVIRONMENT - An example method is provided and includes receiving, at an ingress switch in a network, a packet from an attached host that is coupled to a destination host, where the packet includes an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address of a destination host, comparing the IPv6 address with a plurality of entries in a longest prefix match (LPM) table, in which each entry includes a value string and a corresponding mask string configured to detect a match for a specific combination of a segment prefix and a switch-id in the IPv6 address, identifying an egress switch from a matching entry in the LPM table, and forwarding the packet to the egress switch. The IPv6 address includes a combination of segment prefix and switch-id associated with the egress switch. The segment prefix corresponds to an identifier of a network segment, and the switch-id corresponds to an identifier of a switch in the network.

06-05-2014

Shivakumar Jayaraman, Sunnyvale, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20100159967

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR A FAMILY CENTER - A family center system and method is provided that allows receiving from a registered family member a family message intended for other registered family members and determines, based on a set of rules, to which of other registered family members to push the family message, mode of transport by which to push the family message, and the schedule according to which to push the family message. A technique involving a tile is provided that allows displaying a unified view of information onto a plurality of registered devices, regardless of device platform and/or communications network. The system and method provides a variety of services to registered family members and allows third party application plug-in for offering third party services. The system and method receives a SMS message and stores such message as a family message for subsequent access or family message treatment.

06-24-2010

Shivkumar Jayaraman, Cupertino, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20140078400

LOW COMPLEXITY SYNCHRONOUS CONTROL OF VIDEO PROCESSING USING VIDEO INFORMATION IN IN-BAND PORTIONS OF VIDEO - A method for processing a video stream includes receiving the video stream at a first video processing circuit, and generating video information for the video stream by the first video processing circuit. The method further includes inserting the video information into an in-band portion of the video stream by the first video processing circuit, and transmitting the video stream with the video information in the in-band portion from the first video processing circuit to a second video processing circuit. The method further includes reading the video information from the in-band portion of the video stream by the second video processing circuit, and processing the video stream by the second video processing circuit using the video information in the in-band portion of the video stream. The method further includes transmitting the video stream with the video information in the in-band portion from the second video processing circuit for additional processing.

03-20-2014

20140078401

DISTRIBUTION AND USE OF VIDEO STATISTICS FOR CLOUD-BASED VIDEO ENCODING - A method for processing a video stream includes receiving first and second copies of the video stream by first and second video processing devices, respectively, and generating first and second statistical data for the video stream by the first and the second video processing devices, respectively. The method further includes transmitting in first and second transmissions the first and the second copies of the video stream with the first and the second statistical data respectively from the first and the second video processing device to a third video processing device, and reading the first and the second statistical data from the first and the second transmissions by the third video processing device. The method further includes combining the first and the second statistical data with one copy of the video stream by the third video processing device, and transmitting the one copy of the video stream with the first and the second statistical data.

03-20-2014

20150063469

MULTIPASS ENCODER WITH HETEROGENEOUS CODECS - A multipass encoder is provided with heterogeneous codecs. In one example the system includes a MPEG-4 encoder to perform a less complex first pass encoding followed by a second pass more complex HEVC encoder. The system allows for a faster development cycle of a multipass encoder for a newly introduced codec by reusing the infrastructure and multipass design of an established video encoder already dealing with older technology. This multipass system allows bringing existing technology to a new codec with the constraints of the pre-existing codec limitations, particularly in terms of CPU cycles, to make use of the new codec more economically practical.

03-05-2015

Shyamsundar Jayaraman, San Mateo, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20140289709

MOBILE DEVELOPMENT PLATFORM IN A CLOUD BASED ARCHITECTURE - Embodiments are directed towards mobile application development in a cloud-based architecture. Mobile applications may be designed to communicate with a cloud platform over a network. Mobile application developers may be enabled to submit cloud code to cloud platforms for use by mobile applications. If cloud code is provided to a cloud platform, the cloud platform may perform one or more actions to authenticate the cloud code, such as, ensuring that that the user providing the cloud code is authorized to provide the cloud code. If the cloud code is authenticated the cloud platform may perform one or more actions to validate the cloud code. If validated, the cloud code may be activated for use by mobile applications and/or mobile application developers. Activation of the cloud code may include associating the cloud code with one or more function calls and/or with one or more trigger points.

09-25-2014

Siddharth Jayaraman, San Diego, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20110231858

BURST ACCESS PROTOCOL - Methods and systems provide a burst access protocol that enables efficient transfer of data between a first and a second processor via a data interface whose access set up time could present a communication bottleneck. Data, indices, and/or instructions are transmitted in a static table from the first processor and stored in memory accessible to the second processor. Later, the first processor transmit to the second processor a dynamic table which specifies particular data, indices and/or instructions within the static table that are to be implemented by the second processor. The second processor uses the dynamic table to implement the identified particular subset of data, indices and/or instructions. By transmitting the bulk of data, indices and/or instructions to the second processor in a large static table, the burst access protocol enables efficient use of data interfaces which can transmit large amounts of information, but require relatively long access setup times.

09-22-2011

20110273998

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MONITORING PARAMETERS OF A WIRELESS DEVICE - Systems and methods are provided for controlling monitoring operations, such as the monitoring of signal strength, media access control layer overhead information data, application layer overhead information, and/or data in a device, such as a battery powered, mobile, communication device. A user interface status and/or a flow status can be monitored. Based at least in part on the user interface status and/or the flow status, a determination can be made as to when and/or how often monitoring is to be performed.

11-10-2011

Srikant Jayaraman, San Diego, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20080285632

DECODING OF THE OVERHEAD CHANNELS OF THE GEO SATELLITE REVERSE LINK - A power efficient technique is used to demodulate the coded overhead channels of a GEO satellite uplink. A coherent receiver used in a wireless communication system is able to determine the information conveyed in the overhead channel, by effecting channel estimates from codewords extracted from a pilot signal. A valid set of codewords is established. Pilot symbols are extracted from a pilot signal and a channel estimate is made from the pilot signal. Codewords in the set of valid codewords are correlated and a channel phase ambiguity in the signals is removed and a codeword with the largest correlation is chosen. The chosen codeword is used to create a revised channel estimate.

11-20-2008

20100054371

Noise Variance Estimation In Wireless Communications For Diversity Combining and Log Likelihood Scaling - The present patent application comprises a method and means for demodulating symbols, comprising converting an OFDM symbol from a time domain to a frequency domain, selecting pilot tones, making a soft decision based on received data, and estimating a channel frequency response. In another example, the method and means further comprises selecting guard tones. In another example, the method and means further comprises generating channel estimates for in-band and band-edge pilot tones.

03-04-2010

20110096853

Channel estimation in communications - A time averaging filter for channel estimation is described. Different time averaging is used for different taps or tones of a communication system. Two methods are suggested for determining the time-averaging filter for channel estimation for the communication systems without prior knowledge of SNR, channel Doppler and fading statistics. The first method includes a bank of different filters, each tuned for optimality in a certain range of SNR and Doppler. For each tone in the frequency domain (or tap in the time domain), the first method selects a filter among the set of filters that minimizes a certain computed metric. The second method directly computes, at each tone (or tap), the “best” filter in a least-squares sense, using empirically determined second-order statistics.

04-28-2011

20110128866

REVERSE LINK DATA RATE INDICATION FOR SATELLITE-ENABLED COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS - Reverse link data rate indications in wireless communication systems are defined with low identification overhead. Existence of a pilot signal is leveraged in order to reduce the overhead for identifying and selecting the reverse link data rate. At least two distinguishable pilot signals are defined, in which, based on the particular pilot signal present in the transmitted frame, at least one rate set from the multiple available rate sets can be determined. Reverse rate information in the transmitted frame is then used to identify which specific data rate within the determined rate set is used. Based on the identified data rate, the receiver may then decode the payload data in the transmitted frame.

06-02-2011

20110128867

FORWARD LINK DATA RATE CONTROL AND RATE INDICATION FOR SATELLITE-ENABLED COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS - In a synchronous application to control forward link (FL) data rates in a satellite system, user equipment (UE) repeatedly transmits a quality control measurement (QCM) index during a QCM period. During this QCM period, the data rate cannot change. The associated satellite transmits at a new rate corresponding to the QCM index. The UE knows that it will begin receiving new data at the new rate after a QCM delay. In an asynchronous application, a satellite transmits a rate change signal over a FL rate indication channel (RICH). A UE monitors the FL RICH for this signal. When the signal quality is to be low, the satellite sends only a single bit of the QCM index over a first orthogonal channel. When the signal quality is not low, the satellite transmits each bit of the QCM index in a separate orthogonal channel of the FL RICH.

06-02-2011

20110134823

SYNCHRONIZED BROADCAST/MULTICAST COMMUNICATION - Synchronized broadcast transmits a same broadcast content using a same waveform from multiple transmitters. Transmitters each apply a same spreading code for broadcast transmissions. In a spread-spectrum communication system having a time division multiplexed forward link, a synchronized broadcast transmission is inserted into a broadcast slot. One embodiment employs an Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiplex (OFDM) waveform for the synchronized broadcast. An OFDM receiver is then used to process the received synchronized broadcast transmission. An alternate embodiment implements a broadcast Pseudo-random Noise (PN) code for use by multiple transmitters. An equalizer is then employed to estimate the synchronized broadcast transmission.

06-09-2011

20110134824

SYNCHRONIZED BROADCAST/MULTICAST COMMUNICATION - Synchronized broadcast transmits a same broadcast content using a same waveform from multiple transmitters. Transmitters each apply a same spreading code for broadcast transmissions. In a spread-spectrum communication system having a time division multiplexed forward link, a synchronized broadcast transmission is inserted into a broadcast slot. One embodiment employs an Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiplex (OFDM) waveform for the synchronized broadcast. An OFDM receiver is then used to process the received synchronized broadcast transmission. An alternate embodiment implements a broadcast Pseudo-random Noise (PN) code for use by multiple transmitters. An equalizer is then employed to estimate the synchronized broadcast transmission.

06-09-2011

20110134967

SYNCHRONIZED BROADCAST/MULTICAST COMMUNICATION - Synchronized broadcast transmits a same broadcast content using a same waveform from multiple transmitters. Transmitters each apply a same spreading code for broadcast transmissions. In a spread-spectrum communication system having a time division multiplexed forward link, a synchronized broadcast transmission is inserted into a broadcast slot. One embodiment employs an Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiplex (OFDM) waveform for the synchronized broadcast. An OFDM receiver is then used to process the received synchronized broadcast transmission. An alternate embodiment implements a broadcast Pseudo-random Noise (PN) code for use by multiple transmitters. An equalizer is then employed to estimate the synchronized broadcast transmission.

06-09-2011

20140368321

ULTRA-WIDEBAND RANGING WAVEFORM - Methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses are described for location tracking in which each tag used to track an asset or person in an indoor environment transmits ranging waveforms used to estimate a location of the tag. Multiple tags may concurrently transmit without interfering with each other by having each tag use a distinct frequency shift for the ranging waveforms. Access points may be deployed throughout the indoor environment as part of a wireless network (e.g., ultra-wideband or UWB network) that tracks the assets. The access points may receive the ranging waveforms transmitted by the tags and may perform measurements based on the ranging waveforms. The measurements may be sent to a tracking management server to estimate the location of the tags. The server may also determine and assign the distinct frequency shifts used by the tags and may modify the assignment when the number of tags being tracked changes.

TIME DIVISION LONG TERM EVOLUTION (TD-LTE) FRAME STRUCTURE - A method of wireless communication includes communicating with a base station using a special subframe that extends a guard period over an uplink pilot time slot and one or more disabled, adjacent uplink subframes. The method also includes associating a control information subframe with a specific downlink subframe while accounting for both cell radius extension and loss of the one or more disabled, adjacent uplink subframes used to communicate the extended special subframe.

03-26-2015

Patent applications by Srikant Jayaraman, San Diego, CA US

Swaminathan Jayaraman, Newark, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20080312492

MODIFICATION OF PROPERTIES AND GEOMETRY OF HEART TISSUE TO INFLUENCE FUNCTION - Materials, devices and methods for the treatment of congestive heart failure are disclosed. In these methods, the volume of the left ventricle is reduced, thereby increasing the efficiency of the pumping action of the heart. Volume reduction is accomplished by introduction of biocompatible materials into the wall of the left ventricle, or into the ventricle itself. Suitable biocompatible materials include those that undergo a phase transition within the ventricle or within the wall of the ventricle, and are thereby converted from a substantially liquid state to a substantially solid state. Such materials also include those which increase in volume during the transition from the liquid state to the solid state. Also disclosed is a method for ventricular geometry reduction wherein flexible, elastic bands are attached to the external surface of the heart to effect a decrease in the volume of the left ventricle. Finally, disclosed are devices including catheters and elastic bands that are usable in these treatments

12-18-2008

Swaminathan Jayaraman, Fremont, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20090187144

DELIVERY OF THERAPEUTIC AND MARKING SUBSTANCE THROUGH INTRA LUMEN EXPANSION OF A DELIVERY DEVICE - A balloon catheter is formed with a plurality of depressions. The balloon is coated with a matrix incorporating a therapeutic substance, which additionally fills the depressions. When the balloon is expanded within a body lumen, the therapeutic substance may diffuse into the lumen wall, or all or a portion of the coating transfers to the lumen wall. A lattice frame may surround the balloon, applied prior to coating if the coating is to transfer, operative to maintain a more linear balloon profile during inflation, promoting more even transfer pressure. A contrast dye is incorporated into the transferred coating, enabling ready location and inspection of the treated lumen area. Projections may alternately be formed in the balloon surface, operative to urge the coating and therapeutic substance between cells, or past cell layers of the lumen, to the interior of the lumen wall. Prior to transfer, an extended inflation period, possibly including the use of perfusion ports to maintain blood supply, enables a larger initial quantity of therapeutic substance to diffuse into the body lumen, prior to transfer of the coating and withdrawal of the catheter, balloon, and frame.

07-23-2009

20120265067

DELIVERY OF THERAPEUTIC SUBSTANCE AND MARKING SUBSTANCE THROUGH INTRA LUMEN EXPANSION OF A DELIVERY DEVICE - The invention provides a balloon catheter formed with a plurality of depressions. The balloon is coated with a matrix incorporating a therapeutic substance, which fills the depressions. When the balloon is expanded within a body lumen, the therapeutic substance may diffuse into the lumen wall, or all or a portion of the coating transfers to the lumen wall. A lattice frame may surround the balloon, applied prior to coating if the coating is to transfer, operative to maintain a more linear balloon profile during inflation, promoting more even transfer pressure. A contrast dye is incorporated into the transferred coating, enabling ready location and inspection of the treated lumen area.

10-18-2012

Patent applications by Swaminathan Jayaraman, Fremont, CA US

Vasanth Jayaraman, San Mateo, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20140349888

Substrates, Peptide Arrays, and Methods - Disclosed herein are formulations, substrates, and arrays. Also disclosed herein are methods for manufacturing and using the formulations, substrates, and arrays. Also disclosed are methods for identifying peptide sequences useful for diagnosis and treatment of disorders, and methods for using the peptide sequences for diagnosis and treatment of disorders, e.g., celiac disorder. In certain embodiments, substrates and arrays comprise a porous layer for synthesis and attachment of polymers or biomolecules.

11-27-2014

Vijaysekhar Jayaraman, Goleta, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20090066965

High power broadband superluminescent diode - A superluminescent diode according the present invention employs a unoform AlGaInAs quantum well on an InP substrate, emitting in a range of 1100 to 1800 nm. The favorable conduction band: valence band offset ratio of this material system enables superluminescent diodes which simultaneously provide high power and large optical bandwidth. A recent reduction to practice of the present invention simultaneously demonstrates output power exceeding 100 mW and bandwidth exceeding 100 nm. A preferred embodiment of this invention uses multiple uniform AlGaInAs quantum wells with two confined quantum states and energetic separation in a range of 100-130 nm. An alternate preferred embodiment uses non-uniform wells, with each well having two confined quantum states. The present invention is particularly useful in time domain and spectral domain optical coherence tomography systems, providing increased resolution and tissue penetration for in-vivo imaging.

03-12-2009

20090303475

Multi-wavelength light source for spectroscopy - The invention discloses a multi-wavelength semiconductor light source comprising a plurality of semiconductor light sources mounted on a silicon sub-carrier and emitting radiation spanning a wavelength range. In preferred embodiments, these sources are configured in a linear and circular array. The radiation is coupled to a waveguide array disposed on the same silicon subcarrier, with a lower cladding of silicon dioxide and deposited core layer which is preferably the spin-on epoxy resin SU-8. Output from the waveguide array provides a compact multi-wavelength laser source with wide tuning range via a plurality of laser sources. An output spatial span of the waveguide array is smaller than an input spatial span and sufficiently small to probe the properties of a sample. A compact system for optical spectroscopy is constructed from the multi-wavelength semiconductor light source, a means for directing radiation from the source to a sample, and an optical detector configured to detect one of a radiation reflected from and transmitted through said sample. In various preferred embodiments, the semiconductor light sources can comprise lasers, light-emitting diodes, and superluminescent diodes.

12-10-2009

20140028997

AGILE IMAGING SYSTEM - An agile optical imaging system for optical coherence tomography imaging using a tunable source comprising a wavelength tunable VCL laser is disclosed. The tunable source has long coherence length and is capable of high sweep repetition rate, as well as changing the sweep trajectory, sweep speed, sweep repetition rate, sweep linearity, and emission wavelength range on the fly to support multiple modes of OCT imaging. The imaging system also offers new enhanced dynamic range imaging capability for accommodating bright reflections. Multiscale imaging capability allows measurement over orders of magnitude dimensional scales. The imaging system and methods for generating the waveforms to drive the tunable laser in flexible and agile modes of operation are also described.

01-30-2014

20140268050

TUNABLE LASER ARRAY SYSTEM - A system for swept source optical coherence tomography, the system including a light source emitting multiplexed wavelength-swept radiation over a total wavelength range, the light source including N wavelength-swept vertical cavity lasers (VCL) emitting N tunable VCL outputs having N wavelength trajectories, a combiner for combining the N tunable VCL optical outputs into a common optical path to create the multiplexed wavelength-swept radiation, a splitter for splitting the multiplexed wavelength-swept radiation to a sample and a reference path, an optical detector for detecting an interference signal created by an optical interference between a reflection from the sample and light traversing the reference path, and a signal processing system which uses the interference signal to construct an image of the sample, wherein at least one of the N wavelength trajectories differs from another of the N wavelength trajectories with respect to at least one parameter.

09-18-2014

20140268169

WIDELY TUNABLE SWEPT SOURCE - A high-speed, single-mode, high power, reliable and manufacturable wavelength-tunable light source operative to emit wavelength tunable radiation over a wavelength range contained in a wavelength span between about 950 nm and about 1150 nm, including a vertical cavity laser (VCL), the VCL having a gain region with at least one compressively strained quantum well containing Indium, Gallium, and Arsenic.

09-18-2014

Patent applications by Vijaysekhar Jayaraman, Goleta, CA US

Vijay Shankar Jayaraman, San Jose, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20140117769

MASTER SLAVE ARCHITECTURE FOR DISTRIBUTED DC TO AC POWER CONVERSION - A solar module device with the master circuit generates the timing signal to synchronize each of the synchronized half wave rectified DC waveform generated by each of the slave circuits to a grid AC signal or a reference AC signal to allow the DC-AC power conversion of a plurality of solar cell groups provided in a module in an on-grid application and an off-grid application.

05-01-2014

20140119085

SLAVE CIRCUIT FOR DISTRIBUTED POWER CONVERTERS IN A SOLAR MODULE - An inverter device for a solar module. The inverter device comprises a slave circuit device that includes an input comprising a DC input from a solar cell group and a preliminary boost circuit. A DC boost circuit is coupled to the preliminary boost circuit and configured to boost the intermediary voltage to an AC RMS peak voltage. A rectifier circuit is coupled to the DC boost circuit. An energy recovery circuit comprises a storage device coupled to the rectifier output. The energy recovery circuit is configured to temporarily store a reverse recovery charge and transfers the reverse recovery charge to an output of a DC bus structure to reduce a diode recovery loss in the rectifier circuit.

05-01-2014

20140119086

ENERGY RECOVERY CIRCUIT FOR DISTRIBUTED POWER CONVERTERS IN SOLAR CELLS - A method of operating an inverter device configured on a back plane of a solar module, the inverter device comprising an energy recovery circuit device coupled to a rectifier circuit, the method comprising transferring a charge from a rectifier output to a storage capacitor configured in an energy recovery circuit; storing the charge at the storage capacitor for a time period associated with a reverse recovery time; and transferring the charge to an output of a DC bus structure to reduce a diode recovery loss in the rectifier circuit.

05-01-2014

Vikram Jayaraman, Santa Clara, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20080303901

TRACKING AN OBJECT - In one embodiment, a method of tracking an object carrying a wireless location device comprises recording and storing images from a plurality of cameras corresponding to respective coverage areas having predetermined locations, determining location information associated with the wireless location device, the location information corresponding to one or more of said coverage areas, and determining which of the images correspond to the location information, and retrieving said images.

12-11-2008

20090219822

Troubleshooting Voice Over WLAN Deployments - A voice over WLAN diagnostic system. In particular implementations, a method includes simulating, in response to a triggering event, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) communications with a remote diagnostics engine; gathering metric data characterizing one or more aspects of the simulated VoIP communications; and periodically transmitting diagnostic packets including the metric data to the remote diagnostics engine; wherein the simulating VoIP communications comprises transmitting diagnostic protocol packets that simulate VoIP communications to the remote diagnostic engine; and intercepting diagnostic protocol packets received from the diagnostics engine.

09-03-2009

Vikram Jayaraman, Campbell, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20110301912

PROVIDING LOCATION ESTIMATES BASED ON A LOCATION CLASSIFICATION CATEGORY - In an example embodiment, there is described herein an apparatus comprising an interface and logic operable receive data from a device via the interface. The logic is operable to estimate a location of the device based on data received via the interface based on a first (e.g. default) location classification. The logic is further operable to estimate a location of the device based on data received via the interface based on a second location classification responsive to a predefined trigger.

Vinod Jayaraman, San Francisco, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20110066628

DICTIONARY FOR DATA DEDUPLICATION - Mechanisms are provided for efficiently improving a dictionary used for data deduplication. Dictionaries are used to hold hash key and location pairs for deduplicated data. Strong hash keys prevent collisions but weak hash keys are more computation and storage efficient. Mechanisms are provided to use both a weak hash key and a strong hash key. Weak hash keys and corresponding location pairs are stored in an improved dictionary while strong hash keys are maintained with the deduplicated data itself. The need for having uniqueness from a strong hash function is balanced with the deduplication dictionary space savings from a weak hash function.

03-17-2011

20110071989

FILE AWARE BLOCK LEVEL DEDUPLICATION - A system provides file aware block level deduplication in a system having multiple clients connected to a storage subsystem over a network such as an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The system includes client components and storage subsystem components. Client components include a walker that traverses the namespace looking for files that meet the criteria for optimization, a file system daemon that rehydrates the files, and a filter driver that watches all operations going to the file system. Storage subsystem components include an optimizer resident on the nodes of the storage subsystem. The optimizer can use idle processor cycles to perform optimization. Sub-file compression can be performed at the storage subsystem.

03-24-2011

20110082840

SCALABLE MECHANISM FOR DETECTION OF COMMONALITY IN A DEDUPLICATED DATA SET - Mechanisms are provided for efficiently determining commonality in a deduplicated data set in a scalable manner regardless of the number of deduplicated files or the number of stored segments. Information is generated and maintained during deduplication to allow scalable and efficient determination of data segments shared in a particular file, other files sharing data segments included in a particular file, the number of files sharing a data segment, etc. Data need not be expanded or uncompressed. Deduplication processing can be validated and verified during commonality detection.

04-07-2011

20110125719

EFFICIENT SEGMENT DETECTION FOR DEDUPLICATION - Mechanisms are provided for efficiently detecting segments for deduplication. Data is analyzed to determine file types and file components. File types such as images may have optimal data segment boundaries set at the file boundaries. Other file types such as container files are delayered to extract objects to set optimal data segment boundaries based on file type or based on the boundaries of the individual objects. Storage of unnecessary information is minimized in a deduplication dictionary while allowing for effective deduplication.

05-26-2011

20110125720

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR NETWORK EFFICIENT DEDUPLICATION - Mechanisms are provided for performing network efficient deduplication. Segments are extracted from files received for deduplication at a host connected to a target over one or more networks and/or fabrics in a deduplication system. Segment identifiers (IDs) are determined and compared with segment IDs for segments already deduplicated. Segments already deduplicated need not be transmitted to a target system. References and reference counts are modified at a target system. Updating references and reference counts may involve modifying filemaps, dictionaries, and datastore suitcases for both already deduplicated and not already deduplicated segments.

05-26-2011

20110125722

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR EFFICIENT COMPRESSION AND DEDUPLICATION - Mechanisms are provided for performing efficient compression and deduplication of data segments. Compression algorithms are learning algorithms that perform better when data segments are large. Deduplication algorithms, however, perform better when data segments are small, as more duplicate small segments are likely to exist. As an optimizer is processing and storing data segments, the optimizer applies the same compression context to compress multiple individual deduplicated data segments as though they are one segment. By compressing deduplicated data segments together within the same context, data reduction can be improved for both deduplication and compression. Mechanisms are applied to compensate for possible performance degradation.

05-26-2011

20110270809

HEAT INDICES FOR FILE SYSTEMS AND BLOCK STORAGE - Techniques and mechanisms are provided to allow for selective optimization, including deduplication and/or compression, of portions of files and data blocks. Data access is monitored to generate a heat index for identifying sections of files and volumes that are frequently and infrequently accessed. These frequently used portions may be left non-optimized to reduce or eliminate optimization I/O overhead. Infrequently accessed portions can be more aggressively optimized.

11-03-2011

20110270810

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ACTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF DATA - Techniques and mechanisms are provided to support live file optimization. Active I/O access to an optimization target is monitored during optimization. Active files need not be taken offline or made unavailable to an application during optimization and retain the ability to support file operations such as read, write, unlink, and truncate while an optimization engine performs deduplication and/or compression on active file ranges.

11-03-2011

20110307456

ACTIVE FILE INSTANT CLONING - Techniques and mechanisms are provided to instantly clone active files including active optimized files. When a new instance of an active file is created, a new stub is generated in the user namespace and a block map file is cloned. The block map file includes the same offsets and location pointers that existed in the original block map file. No user file data needs to be copied. If the cloned file is later modified, the behavior can be same as what happens when a de-duplicated file is modified.

12-15-2011

20120084270

STORAGE OPTIMIZATION MANAGER - Techniques and mechanisms provide a storage optimization manager. Data may be optimized and maintained on various nodes in a cluster. Particular nodes may be overburdened while other nodes remain relatively unused. Techniques are provided to efficiently optimize data onto nodes to enhance operational efficiency. Data access requests for optimized data are monitored and managed to allow for intelligent maintenance of optimized data.

04-05-2012

20120084527

DATA BLOCK MIGRATION - Techniques and mechanisms are provided for migrating data blocks around a cluster during node addition and node deletion. Migration requires no downtime, as a newly added node is immediately operational while the data blocks are being moved. Blockmap files and deduplication dictionaries need not be updated.

04-05-2012

20120191672

DICTIONARY FOR DATA DEDUPLICATION - Mechanisms are provided for efficiently improving a dictionary used for data deduplication. Dictionaries are used to hold hash key and location pairs for deduplicated data. Strong hash keys prevent collisions but weak hash keys are more computation and storage efficient. Mechanisms are provided to use both a weak hash key and a strong hash key. Weak hash keys and corresponding location pairs are stored in an improved dictionary while strong hash keys are maintained with the deduplicated data itself. The need for having uniqueness from a strong hash function is balanced with the deduplication dictionary space savings from a weak hash function.

07-26-2012

20130018851

INTELLIGENT DEDUPLICATION DATA PREFETCHINGAANM Jayaraman; VinodAACI San FranciscoAAST CAAACO USAAGP Jayaraman; Vinod San Francisco CA USAANM Bolla; Ratna ManojAACI HyderabadAACO INAAGP Bolla; Ratna Manoj Hyderabad IN - Deduplication dictionaries are used to maintain data chunk identifier and location pairings in a deduplication system. When access to a particular data chunk is requested, a deduplication dictionary is accessed to determine the location of the data chunk and a datastore is accessed to retrieve the data chunk. However, deduplication dictionaries are large and typically maintained on disk, so dictionary access is expensive. Techniques and mechanisms of the present invention allow prefetches or read aheads of datastore (DS) headers. For example, if a dictionary hit results in datastore DS(X), then headers for DS (X+1), DS (X+2), DS(X+read-ahead-window) are prefetched ahead of time. These datastore headers are cached in memory, and indexed by datastore identifier. Before going to the dictionary, a lookup is first performed in the cached headers to reduce deduplication data access request latency.

01-17-2013

20130018853

ACCELERATED DEDUPLICATION - Mechanisms are provided for accelerated data deduplication. A data stream is received an input interface and maintained in memory. Chunk boundaries are detected and chunk fingerprints are calculated using a deduplication accelerator while a processor maintains a state machine. A deduplication dictionary is accessed using a chunk fingerprint to determine if the associated data chunk has previously been written to persistent memory. If the data chunk has previously been written, reference counts may be updated but the data chunk need not be stored again. Otherwise, datastore suitcases, filemaps, and the deduplication dictionary may be updated to reflect storage of the data chunk. Direct memory access (DMA) addresses are provided to directly transfer a chunk to an output interface as needed.

ACTIVE FILE INSTANT CLONING - Techniques and mechanisms are provided to instantly clone active files including active optimized files. When a new instance of an active file is created, a new stub is generated in the user namespace and a block map file is cloned. The block map file includes the same offsets and location pointers that existed in the original block map file. No user file data needs to be copied. If the cloned file is later modified, the behavior can be same as what happens when a de-duplicated file is modified.

06-13-2013

20130159262

EFFICIENT SEGMENT DETECTION FOR DEDUPLICATION - Mechanisms are provided for efficiently detecting segments for deduplication. Data is analyzed to determine file types and file components. File types such as images may have optimal data segment boundaries set at the file boundaries. Other file types such as container files are delayered to extract objects to set optimal data segment boundaries based on file type or based on the boundaries of the individual objects. Storage of unnecessary information is minimized in a deduplication dictionary while allowing for effective deduplication.

06-20-2013

20130238570

FIXED SIZE EXTENTS FOR VARIABLE SIZE DEDUPLICATION SEGMENTS - Mechanisms are provided for maintaining variable size deduplication segments using fixed size extents. Variable size segments are identified and maintained in a datastore suitcase. Duplicate segments need not be maintained redundantly but can be managed by updating reference counts associated with the segments in the datastore suitcase. Segments are maintained using fixed size extents. A minor increase in storage overhead removes the need for inefficient recompaction when a segment is removed from the datastore suitcase. Fixed size extents can be reallocated for storage of new segments.

09-12-2013

20130246372

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR EFFICIENT COMPRESSION AND DEDUPLICATION - Mechanisms are provided for performing efficient compression and deduplication of data segments. Compression algorithms are learning algorithms that perform better when data segments are large. Deduplication algorithms, however, perform better when data segments are small, as more duplicate small segments are likely to exist. As an optimizer is processing and storing data segments, the optimizer applies the same compression context to compress multiple individual deduplicated data segments as though they are one segment. By compressing deduplicated data segments together within the same context, data reduction can be improved for both deduplication and compression. Mechanisms are applied to compensate for possible performance degradation.

09-19-2013

20130297572

FILE AWARE BLOCK LEVEL DEDUPLICATION - A system provides file aware block level deduplication in a system having multiple clients connected to a storage subsystem over a network such as an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The system includes client components and storage subsystem components. Client components include a walker that traverses the namespace looking for files that meet the criteria for optimization, a file system daemon that rehydrates the files, and a filter driver that watches all operations going to the file system. Storage subsystem components include an optimizer resident on the nodes of the storage subsystem. The optimizer can use idle processor cycles to perform optimization. Sub-file compression can be performed at the storage subsystem.

11-07-2013

20140025644

GARBAGE COLLECTION AWARE DEDUPLICATION - Mechanisms are provided for improving the efficiency of garbage collection in a deduplication system by intelligently managing storage of deduplication segments. When a duplicate segment is identified, a reference count for an already maintained segment is incremented only if the already maintained segment has the same lifecycle as the identified duplicate segment. In some instances, an already maintained segment is assumed to have the same lifecycle if it is not stale or the age is not significantly different from the age of the newly identified duplicate. If the already maintained segment is has a different lifecycle, the new segment is stored again even though duplicates are already maintained.

01-23-2014

20140032508

ACCELERATED DEDUPLICATION - Mechanisms are provided for accelerated data deduplication. A data stream is received an input interface and maintained in memory. Chunk boundaries are detected and chunk fingerprints are calculated using a deduplication accelerator while a processor maintains a state machine. A deduplication dictionary is accessed using a chunk fingerprint to determine if the associated data chunk has previously been written to persistent memory. If the data chunk has previously been written, reference counts may be updated but the data chunk need not be stored again. Otherwise, datastore suitcases, filemaps, and the deduplication dictionary may be updated to reflect storage of the data chunk. Direct memory access (DMA) addresses are provided to directly transfer a chunk to an output interface as needed.

01-30-2014

20140095455

HEAT INDICES FOR FILE SYSTEMS AND BLOCK STORAGE - Techniques and mechanisms are provided to allow for selective optimization, including deduplication and/or compression, of portions of files and data blocks. Data access is monitored to generate a heat index for identifying sections of files and volumes that are frequently and infrequently accessed. These frequently used portions may be left non-optimized to reduce or eliminate optimization I/O overhead. Infrequently accessed portions can be more aggressively optimized.

04-03-2014

20140250281

LEARNING MACHINE TO OPTIMIZE RANDOM ACCESS IN A STORAGE SYSTEM - Mechanisms are provided for optimizing random access in a storage system. According to various embodiments, an access pattern may be identified for a plurality of data segments stored in a first arrangement on a storage medium. Each of the plurality of data segments may be stored at a respective first storage location on the storage medium in the first arrangement. The access pattern may indicate an order in which the data segments are likely to be retrieved from the storage medium. The plurality of data segments may be stored in a second arrangement on the storage medium based on the identified access pattern. Each of the plurality of data segments may be stored at a respective second storage location on the storage medium in the updated arrangement.

09-04-2014

20140258237

HANDLING RESTORES IN AN INCREMENTAL BACKUP STORAGE SYSTEM - Techniques and mechanisms are provided for storing data in a backup storage system. According to various embodiments, a first blockmap in a backup storage system may be identified. The first blockmap may correspond with a first restore point. The first blockmap may identify a first plurality of data segments. Each of the first plurality of data segments may have associated therewith a respective storage location in the backup storage system. The first blockmap may be compared with a designated storage system state to identify a subset of the first plurality of data segments that each correspond with a respective matching data segment in the designated storage system state. A second blockmap may be stored in the backup storage system. The second blockmap may correspond with a second restore point. The second blockmap may include the identified subset of the first plurality of data segments.

09-11-2014

20140258244

STORAGE SYSTEM DEDUPLICATION WITH SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS - Mechanisms are provided for adjusting a configuration of data stored in a storage system. According to various embodiments, a storage module may be configured to store a configuration of data. A processor may be configured to identify an estimated performance level for the storage system based on a configuration of data stored on the storage system. The processor may also be configured to transmit an instruction to adjust the configuration of data on the storage system to meet the service level objective when the estimated performance level fails to meet a service level objective for the storage system

09-11-2014

20140310251

INTELLIGENT DEDUPLICATION DATA PREFETCHING - Deduplication dictionaries are used to maintain data chunk identifier and location pairings in a deduplication system. When access to a particular data chunk is requested, a deduplication dictionary is accessed to determine the location of the data chunk and a datastore is accessed to retrieve the data chunk. However, deduplication dictionaries are large and typically maintained on disk, so dictionary access is expensive. Techniques and mechanisms of the present invention allow prefetches or read aheads of datastore (DS) headers. For example, if a dictionary hit results in datastore DS(X), then headers for DS (X+1), DS (X+2), DS(X+read-ahead-window) are prefetched ahead of time. These datastore headers are cached in memory, and indexed by datastore identifier. Before going to the dictionary, a lookup is first performed in the cached headers to reduce deduplication data access request latency.

10-16-2014

20150019515

HEAT INDICES FOR FILE SYSTEMS AND BLOCK STORAGE - Techniques and mechanisms are provided to allow for selective optimization, including deduplication and/or compression, of portions of files and data blocks. Data access is monitored to generate a heat index for identifying sections of files and volumes that are frequently and infrequently accessed. These frequently used portions may be left non-optimized to reduce or eliminate optimization I/O overhead. Infrequently accessed portions can be more aggressively optimized.

01-15-2015

20150026139

SCALABLE MECHANISM FOR DETECTION OF COMMONALITY IN A DEDUPLICATED DATA SET - Mechanisms are provided for efficiently determining commonality in a deduplicated data set in a scalable manner regardless of the number of deduplicated files or the number of stored segments. Information is generated and maintained during deduplication to allow scalable and efficient determination of data segments shared in a particular file, other files sharing data segments included in a particular file, the number of files sharing a data segment, etc. Data need not be expanded or uncompressed. Deduplication processing can be validated and verified during commonality detection.

01-22-2015

20150039571

ACCELERATED DEDUPLICATION - Mechanisms are provided for accelerated data deduplication. A data stream is received an input interface and maintained in memory. Chunk boundaries are detected and chunk fingerprints are calculated using a deduplication accelerator while a processor maintains a state machine. A deduplication dictionary is accessed using a chunk fingerprint to determine if the associated data chunk has previously been written to persistent memory. If the data chunk has previously been written, reference counts may be updated but the data chunk need not be stored again. Otherwise, datastore suitcases, filemaps, and the deduplication dictionary may be updated to reflect storage of the data chunk. Direct memory access (DMA) addresses are provided to directly transfer a chunk to an output interface as needed.

02-05-2015

Patent applications by Vinod Jayaraman, San Francisco, CA US

Vivekanand Jayaraman, San Ramon, CA US

Patent application number

Description

Published

20140375186

PORTABLE DEVICE CASE AND ACCESSORIES - Cases for portable electronic devices are described including multiple alignment elements (e.g. slugs, magnets or physical securing means) embedded in a panel, such as the back panel of the case. Various accessories, such as stands, cord spools, mounts, communication devices, speakers, displays, etc., may also have multiple corresponding alignment elements (e.g. magnets, slugs or cooperative physical securing means) in them that allow the accessories to be semi-securely attached to the case in a plurality of specific positions and/or orientations.