China plans to grow potatoes on the moon

The most famous potato-growing effort in space is a fictional one, by Matt Damon's character Mark Watney in the film The Martian.

Silkworms will provide the carbon dioxide that the potato seedlings need, and the potatoes will in turn provide the oxygen through photosynthesis to support the worms. The entire self-sustaining ecosystem will be contained in a tiny box weighing no more than 3 kilograms.