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is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border with Brazil. The country also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) west of the mainland. The main spoken language in Ecuador is Spanish. Ecuador straddles the equator, from which it takes its name,[N 1] and has an area of 272,046 km2 (105,038 sq mi). Its capital city is Quito, which was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in the 1970s for having the best preserved and least altered historic center in Latin America. The country's largest city is Guayaquil. The historic center of Cuenca, the third largest city in the country, was also declared a World Heritage Site in 1999, for being an outstanding example of a planned inland Spanish style colonial city in the Americas. Ecuador is also home—despite its size—to a great variety of species, many of them endemic, like those of the Galápagos islands. This species diversity makes Ecuador one of the 17 megadiverse countries in the world. The new constitution of 2008 is the first in the world to recognize legally enforceable Rights of Nature, or ecosystem rights. Ecuador is a presidential republic and became independent in 1830, after having been part of the Spanish colonial empire and the republic of Gran Colombia. It is a medium-income country with an HDI score of 0.695 (2010), and about 35.1% of its population lives below the poverty line.

Capital

QUITO

Currency

Dollaro USA

Country code

00593

Spoken languages ​​

Spanish

Passport

Passport: needed, with residual validity of at least six months at the time of entry into the country. For any changes to this rule, we recommend that you inquire beforehand at the Embassy or Consulate of the country present in Italy or at your travel agent. During their stay in Ecuador you must always have a valid identification document to avoid, if you were stopped by the police authorities, being temporarily detained pending investigations.

Health

Healthcare publishes is not reliable; There are good private structures in main tourist cities (Quito, Cuenca and Guayaquil). We recommend that you take out, before embarking on your trip, health insurance include, in addition to the coverage of medical expenses, even if air emergency medical repatriation or transfer in any other country. In case of immediate repatriation, the only real difficulty is the availability of aircraft seats especially in summer and Christmas periods when the flights to and from Europe are overcrowded. The main endemic diseases include cholera, hepatitis, amoebiasis, malaria, dengue, typhoid, diphtheria, hemorrhagic, leptospirosis, rabies. Lately, in the provinces of Guayas, Manabí, El Oro, Esmeraldas, have increased considerably the cases of classic dengue and haemorrhagic. You should therefore take precautions and avoid the areas within the country with stagnant water. You should, after consulting a doctor, vaccination against hepatitis A and B and the travellers receive typhoid. For excursions in the eastern part of the country and in the Amazon rainforest is compulsory vaccination against yellow fever. Warnings We recommend that you: -avoid meals in places where hygiene is not secured (kiosks along the roads, peddlers etc.); -avoid raw vegetables, fresh fruit juices; -consume only soft drinks or bottled water and without the addition of ice as possible infection.

Sierra the climate is temperate with rainfall from November to may. along the coast the climate is tropical throughout the year. Please note that, due to the sudden and abundant precipitation, road links could suffer damage resulting in outages. We recommend that visitors who intend to overland Interior movements always check road conditions before you travel.

Viability

Licence the licence is valid, Italian recognized for stays up to 90 days for tourism purposes.Please note that recently the two Governments signed an agreement for the mutual recognition of driving licences; the Ecuador has yet to ratify that agreement Insurance Rc mandatory. Temporary importation of vehicles Is required the "carnet customs passage for vehicles imported temporarily.