The civilian portion of Songshan Airport, formally Taipei International Airport (traditional Chinese: 臺北國際航空站; pinyin: Táiběi Gúojì Hángkōngzhàn), has scheduled flights serving Taiwan, mainland China, and Japan, with almost all international flights out of the Taipei area served by Taoyuan International Airport.

Songshan Airport is also the base of certain Republic of China Air Force units, formally the Songshan Air Force Base (traditional Chinese: 空軍松山基地). The Songshan Base Command's main mission is to serve the President and Vice President of the Republic of China.

Songshan Airport is seen to have the potential to attract business travelers within Pacific Asia due to its location in downtown Taipei. Flights to Bangkok-Don Mueang, Jakarta-Halim, Kuala Lumpur-Subang Airport, Nagoya-Komaki, Osaka-Itami, Seoul-Gimpo, Shanghai-Hongqiao, and Tokyo-Haneda are especially attractive since these airports are also in the central areas of their respective cities, and all these cities have larger far flung international airports. The airport is currently in the process of expansion to better accommodate international flights.

This kind of "city-to-city" flights have already been established between Seoul-Gimpo and Tokyo-Haneda, and between Shanghai-Hongqiao and Tokyo-Haneda. Seoul to Tokyo direct flights in particular, take only 1/3 the total travel time over their international counterparts (from 4.5 hrs to 1.5), when ground transport is included.

On March 6, 2009, Japan and Taiwan signed a Memorandum of Understanding on the revision of Taiwan-Japan bilateral traffic. Four carriers (EVA Air, China Airlines, Japan Airlines and ANA) will be able to operate from Songshan Airport to Tokyo-Haneda.