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…two factions, known as the People’s (Khalq) and Banner (Parcham) parties. Another was a conservative religious organization known as the Islamic Society (Jamʿiyyat-e Eslāmī), which was founded by a number of religiously minded individuals, including members of the University of Kabul faculty of religion, in 1971. The Islamists were highly…

…two Marxist-Leninist political groups, the People’s (Khalq) Party and the Banner (Parcham) Party, which had earlier emerged from a single organization, the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan, and had reunited in an uneasy coalition shortly before the coup. The new government, which had little popular support, forged close ties with…

role of

As a member of the People’s (“Khalq”) faction of the PDPA, he participated with Taraki in removing members of the Banner (“Parcham”) faction from any real positions of power in the government. Taraki became president and prime minister, and Amin was named deputy prime minister. Amin’s power continued to grow,…