8 24) NIOSH method can be used for non-continuous benzene measurement in cement-plant exhaust gases. This method is based on adsorptive enrichment in activated carbon followed by liquid desorption and analysis by gas chromatography. The method is also suitable for the following compounds: cumene, a-methyl-styrene, styrene, vinyltoluene, p-tert-butyl-toluene, ethyl-benzene, naphthalene, toluene, and xylene. Sampling The water must be removed prior to absorption by activated carbon. The following Figure shows the scheme of an example sampling system. 1 Heated gas-extraction tube (>120 [ C]) 2 Heated filter (>120 [ C]) 3 Condensate collector (measuring-gas cooler, ) 4 Gas-sample pump 5 Regulator and shut-off valve 6 Activated carbon tube 7 Gas volume meter Adsorption in activated carbon at a flow of 0.5 to 1.5 [l/min] up to a maximum volume of [l]. Breakthrough is not expected at these flows and volumes. 1 NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 3rd Ed., US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, USA, (1994) 8

9 Analysis The absorption tubes: Dräger activated charcoal tube Type G, or a similar product The activated carbon tube consists of an absorption layer (0.7 [g] activated coal) and a control layer (0.3 [g] activated coal). Both layers are analyzed separately Absorption Layer Control Layer Storage The analysis of the tube must be made latest 14 days after the absorption test. In the time between the test and the analysis the activated coal tubes must be stored in a refrigerator. Preparation / Analysis Scratch of the tubes with a glasscutter, and then break Put the absorption layer and the control layer in a separate glass vessel (Type G --> 20 [ml]) Put (pipette) [ml] CS 2 to it and close the vessel immediately Shake the vessel during 30 minutes After deposit of the coal take approximately 1 [ml] of the solution with a syringe and put it in the sample glass vessel of the Gas chromatograph (GC). Close it immediately 25) Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs - Part 1: Sampling 26) Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs - Part 2: Extraction and clean-up of PCDDs/PCDFs 27) Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs - Part 3: Identification and quantification of PCDDs/PCDFs 9

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