(i) The plates are floating on magma
which is molten. The plates move due to the movement of this molten magma
inside the earth.

(ii) The forces which originate in
the interior of the earth and bring about changes both in the interior and on
the surface of the earth are called as Endogenic Forces. Example: volcanoes,
earthquakes.

Forces which originate in the
atmosphere and also on the surface of the earth and cause changes on the
surface of the earth are called as Exogenic Forces. Example: weathering,
erosion.

(iii) Erosion is the wearing away of
the landscape by due to the actions of different agents like water, wind glacier,
groundwater, sea waves etc.

(iv) Due to heavy rains sometimes
rivers overflow their banks causing flood in these areas. The deposition of a
layer of fine and other materials over plains in the form of sediments during
flood leads to the formation of Flood Plains.

(v) Heaps of sand deposited at a
place by the wind action in desert areas are termed as Sand Dunes.

(vi) Beach is the plain formed by
the deposition of debris brought by the sea waves along the sea shore.

(vii) Due to continuous erosion and
deposition along the sides of the meander, the ends of the meander loop come
closer and closer which sometimes cut off from the river and forms a cut-off
lake. Because of its ox bow like shape such lakes are called ox-bow lakes.

Question.2: Tick the correct answer:

(i) Which is not an erosional feature of sea waves?

(a) Cliff (b) Beach (c) Sea Wave

(ii) The depositional feature of glacier is-

(a) Flood Plain (b) Beach(c) Moraine

(iii) Which is caused by the sudden movement of the earth?

(a) Volcano (b) Folding (c) Flood Plain

(iv) Mushroom Rocks are found in -

(a) Deserts (b) River Valleys (c) Glaciers

(v) Ox-Bow Lakes are found in -

(a) Glaciers (b) River Valleys (c) Deserts

Answer: (i) b(ii) c(iii) a
(iv) a (v) b.

Question.3: Match the following:

(i) Glacier

(a) Sea Shore

(ii) Sea Shore

(b) River of Ice

(iii) Beach

(c) Rivers

(iv) Sand Dunes

(d) Vibrations of Earth

(v) Waterfall

(e) Hard Bed Rock

(vi) Earthquake

(f) Deserts

Answer: (i)-b. (ii)-c. (iii)-a. (iv)-f. (v)-e. (vi)-d.

Question.4: Give reasons:

(i) Some rocks have a shape of a mushroom.

(ii) Flood plains are very fertile.

(iii) Sea caves are turned into stacks.

(iv) Buildings collapse due to earthquakes.

Answer:

(i) In desert, wind is the most
active agent for erosion. When rocks come on the way of running dust storms, the
suspended particles mostly sand erode the lower section of the rock more than
the upper part. In the long course of time due to such erosion some rocks have
a shape of a mushroom having narrower base and wider top.

(ii) Flood plains are very
fertile because new silt and other fertile materials brought by flood
water are deposited in the form of sediments in these areas which make them
most suitable for cultivation.

(iii) The sea waves strike the
coasts and erode the soft rocks while the hard rocks remain comparatively less eroded.
In this way the sea caves are formed. With the continuous erosion, sea caves
become bigger and bigger so, at a certain point the roofs of the caves come
down while the walls of remain standing just like pillars. These pillar-like
structures are called as Stacks.

(iv) During earthquakes, high
velocity powerful waves propagate through the surface of the earth which create
sudden movements. Buildings not able to withstand the jerk collapse.

NCERT solutions of In Text Question

Question: Find out the percentage of Carbon Dioxide and Ozone in
the atmosphere.