Oodgeroo Noonuccal

Oodgeroo Noonuccal, also called (until 1988) Kath Walker original Anglo-Australian name in full Kathleen Jean Mary Ruska, (born Nov. 3, 1920, Australia—died Sept. 16, 1993, Brisbane), Australian Aboriginal writer and political activist, considered the first of the modern-day Aboriginal protest writers. Her first volume of poetry, We Are Going (1964), is the first book by an Aboriginal woman to be published.

Raised on Stradbroke Island (Minjerribah), off Moreton Bay, Queensland, where many of the ancient Aboriginal customs were still practiced, the child baptized as Kathleen Ruska was a member of the Noonuccal tribe. Her formal education ended with primary school; at age 13 she entered domestic service in Brisbane. At age 16 she was rejected for nurse’s training because of her Aboriginal descent. She became an activist for Aboriginal rights. In 1942 she enlisted in the Australian Women’s Army Service (established 1941, disbanded 1947), and that same year she married Bruce Walker, though the marriage was short-lived. She campaigned successfully for the 1967 abolition of discriminatory, anti-Aboriginal sections of the Australian constitution. Although she was a vocal critic of Australian government policies, she was awarded the M.B.E. (Member of the Order of the British Empire) in 1970; she returned the award in 1988.

Walker’s writings include The Dawn Is at Hand (1966); My People: A Kath Walker Collection (1970), containing her two previously published books of poetry, in addition to new poetry, fiction, essays, and speeches; Stradbroke Dreamtime (1972), including stories of her childhood, traditional Aboriginal folktales, and new tales cast in traditional form; a children’s book, Father Sky and Mother Earth (1981); and a treatment of Aboriginal creation myth, The Rainbow Serpent (1988).

By her own admission, her poetry is sloganistic and direct, using easily accessible rhyme schemes and allusions. Polemical and ostensibly unsophisticated, Walker’s poetry enjoys a large audience and is appreciated for its heartfelt, moving evocation of the dispossession of the Aboriginal people, their plight, and their future.

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