On January 17, 2017, the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Labor announced that "as a result of a survey on premises carried out from April to September of 2016 at 10,000 workplaces suspected of overlong working hours, 6,659 were found to be in violation of the Labor Standards Law."

"Of those workplaces subject to the survey, there were 4,416 (43.9%) where, because illegal overtime work was confirmed, the Ministry gave directions aimed at rectifying and improving the situation. Moreover, of these, overtime work of more than 80 hours in a month was actually found at 3,450 places (78.1%). In the future, we will continue to take positive measures to rectify the situation of long working hours, beginning with thorough supervisory guidance at workplaces suspected of exceeding 80 hours of overtime per month".

In the report published in January, overtime exceeding 80 hours a month is made subject to supervisory guidance. However, as noted in point (1) in the previous section, the government's propsal in March allows for "not more than 100 hours in a month".

As part of the proposed outline for a "Working-Style Reforms Implementation Plan" that will be put together by the government by the end of March, amendments to relevant laws (aimed at realizing "equal pay for equal work" in order to improve the conditions of irregular employees and dispatch workers) contain a requirement for companies to explain any disparities between regular employees and irregular or dispatched workers to the worker.

In case irregular or dispatched workers feel there is an unreasonable disparity in treatment between themselves and regular employees, the plan even provides a basis for lawsuits seeking rectification of the problem. Additionally, it also includes procedures for solving disputes relating to "equal pay for equal work" in places other than court.

The government is working on bills to amend the Labor Contract Law, Part-time Labor Law, and Labor Dispatching Law in accordance with the contents of this plan, aiming to submit them to the Diet in the autumn of this year. All of these bills follow the "Proposed Guidelines on Equal Pay for Equal Work", announced in December 2016.

Four contract employees of a Tokyo Metro subsidiary, claiming that "since we work at the same subway station kiosks as regular employees do, the disparity in treatment is a violation of Article 20 of the Labor Contract Law", had sued the company for 45.6 million yen in compensation for the difference in wages and conditions.

The Tokyo District Court announced their verdict on the 23rd.

While judging that the difference in premium rates of overtime allowance was indeed a violation, the court rejected their other claims, saying "there were large differences in the content of their work and their level of responsibility".

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5. Central Labor Relations Commission Recognizes Unfair Labor Practice By National University Corporation University Of Teacher Education In Fukuoka

On the 23rd of March, the Central Labor Relations Commission announced that the national university corporation "University of Teacher Education" (Munakata City, Fukuoka Prefecture) had committed an unfair labor practice by treating two male professors disadvantageously on account of their activities in the faculty union. They issued an order for rectification of the issue.

In December of 2013, a male professor who, as part of his union activities, had handed out leaflets at the train station criticizing the university president's election, was not appointed by the university to be dean of the graduate school of education.

In March of the same year, a different male professor who, as General Secretary of the union, had been a plaintiff in a lawsuit seeking unpaid wages from the university, was not nominated to be a member of the educational research council.

Fukuoka Prefectural Labor Commission, in response to the union's complaint, had recognized an unfair labor practice on the part of the university and issued a relief order, but the university objected and made an appeal.

The Central Labor Relations Commission, recognizing "an unfair labor practice that seeks to shrink the scope of union activity so as to weaken the union", issued their order on March 22nd, 2017.