Long-term Evolution abbreviated as LTE. We make use of LTE to refer to wireless broadband and other mobile network technologies. LTE standard was developed by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) in 2004.

History of LTE

As discussed earlier, it developed by 3GPP. 3GPP gives the name LTE because the technology represents the next step in the process. In 2004, the dominant mobile operator in Japan known as NTT DoCoMo proposed that they will make LTE the next international standard. In 2007, a Swedish company, Ericsson introduced LTE with a bit rate of 144 Mbps. In 2008, at Mobile World Congress, Ericsson made the first LTE end-to-end call. In 2009, a Swedish company, TeliaSonera, made the service of LTE available in Oslo and Stockholm.

Features of LTE

• It has lower data transfer latencies.• It can support all frequency bands.• In this, the maximum download rate is up to 299.6 Mbit/s, and the maximum upload rate is up to 75.4 Mbit/s, and it depends upon the user equipment category.• It can support multicast broadcast single-frequency network. By using this feature, we can deliver services like mobile Tv.• LTE supports mixed data transmission, i.e., it can transmit voice, video, and messages.

Advantages of LTE

• High throughput: In this, we can achieve a high data rate in both uplink and downlink. Due to which, it causes high throughput.• Superior end-user experience: It has optimized the signal so that we can establish the connection. It has also reduced the latency for better user experience. In this, the mobility management procedures have improved the knowledge of the users. • Low Latency: In LTE, if the mobile is present in the range of a few hundred milliseconds, then the time which is required to connect to the network can easily be connected and disconnected, and it takes very less time for this.• Plug and Play: In this, there is no requirement of manually installing the driver by the user because the system will automatically recognize the device. If the system thinks that there is the requirement of installing the drivers, then it installs those drivers and starts working with the newly connected device.• FDD and TDD in same platform: we can make use of both schemes FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and TDD (Time Division Duplex) on the same platform.• Simple Architecture: There is low operating expenditure, as its architecture is simple.• Seamless Connection: LTE will support seamless connection with the networks like GSM, CDMA, and WCDMA.• When we send data on LTE, it decreases the traffic communication on the network.• LTE separate the frequencies into the different channel so that it can protect the disturbance of each channel.• The LTE supports more data capacity because it focuses on VoIP, i.e., Voice over Internet Protocol.• LTE facilitates the current application so that they can perform on better speed and the user can easily use the new mobile apps.

Disadvantages of LTE

• There is the requirement of use of additional antennas at network base station for data transmission.• There is the need for some new high-cost equipment installation.• The costs for the users get increased because they have to buy a new cell phone so that they can make use of new network infrastructure.• The start-up cost of the service provider is high so that we can upgrade the equipment.