Exodus

CHAPTER 1

Now these are the names of the sons of Israel who came into Egypt with Jacob; every man and his household came with Jacob:
2 Reuben, Simeon, Levi and Yehudah;
3 Issachar, Zebulun and Benyehmin;
4 Dan, Naphtali, Gad and Asher.
5 All the souls who came from the loins of Jacob were seventy souls, for Yehoseph was in Egypt.
6 And Yehoseph died, and all his brothers, and all that generation.
7 And the children of Israel were fruitful and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and became exceedingly powerful, and the land was filled with them.
8 And there arose a new king over Egypt, who did not know Yehoseph.
9 And he said to his people, “Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we.
10 Come, let us deal shrewdly with them, lest they multiply, and it come to pass that, if war occur, they also join those who hate us, and fight against us, and go up out of the land.”*1
11 And they set over them taskmasters to afflict them with burdens. And they built for Pharaoh storage cities; Pithom and Raamses.
12 But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and spread out. And they were grieved because of the children of Israel.
13 And the Egyptians made the children of Israel serve with cruelty,
14 and they made their lives bitter with severe labor in mortar and bricks, and all manner of labor in the field; all their labors to which they were cruelly enslaved.
15 And the king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives, of whom one was named Shiphrah and the other was named Puah,
16 and he said, “When you act as midwife and the Hebrew women beget, and see them upon the birth stool, if it be a son, then you shall kill him, but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.”
17 But the midwives feared Elohim, and did not do as the king of Egypt commanded, but let the sons live.
18 So the king of Egypt called for the midwives and said to them, “Why have you done this thing, and let the sons live?”
19 And the midwives said to Pharaoh, “Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women, for they are vigorous and beget before the midwife can get to them.”
20 So Elohim dealt well with the midwives, and the people multiplied, and became very mighty.
21 And it came to pass, because the midwives feared Elohim, He made them households.
22 Then Pharaoh commanded all his people, saying, “Every son that is born you shall cast into the river, and every daughter shall live.”

*1. Have you ever wondered why the Egyptians would think this way? If treated fairly, honestly and with equality, why would the nation of Israel EVER have turned against their Egyptian hosts? Elohim had a plan for Israel, though, right from the start, and that plan called for Israel to live in the promised land, not Egypt. This same issue surfaces today throughout the world, in many different fashions, doesn’t it!? Do you suppose Elohim has a plan for this day and age too?

CHAPTER 2

And a man from the house of Levi married a daughter of Levi,
2 and the woman conceived and begat a son, and when she saw that he was good, she hid him for three months.
3 But when she could no longer hide him, she took for him a papyrus basket and covered it with tar and pitch, and put the child in it, and set it among the reeds by the bank of the river.
4 And his sister stood afar off to witness what would happen to him.
5 And the daughter of Pharaoh came down to bathe in the river, with her maidens walking at the rivers side, and seeing the basket among the reeds, she sent her maid to fetch it.
6 And when she opened it, she saw the child, and behold, the boy was weeping. And having compassion for him she said, “This is one of the Hebrews’ children.”
7 And his sister said to Pharaoh’s daughter, “Shall I go and call for you a wet-nurse from the Hebrew women, that she may nurse the child?”
8 And Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Go!” So the girl went and called the child’s mother.
9 And Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Take away this child and nurse him for me and I will give your wage.” So the woman took the child and nursed him.
10 And the child grew, and she brought him to Pharaoh’s daughter, and he became her son. And she named him Moses, saying, “Because I drew him out of the water.”*1
11 And it came to pass in those days, when Moses was grown, that he went out to his brethren and looked on their burdens, and he saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew; one of his brethren.
12 And he looked this way and that way, and when he saw no one there, he killed the Egyptian and hid him in the sand.
13 And when he went out the second day, behold, two Hebrew were quarreling, and he said to him that was in the wrong, “Why are you beating your companion?”
14 And he said, “Who made you a prince or a judge over us? Do you intend to kill me as you killed the Egyptian?” Then Moses was afraid and said, “Surely the matter has become known.”
15 And when Pharaoh heard of this matter, he sought to kill Moses. But Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh, and settled in the land of Midian, and he sat down by a well.
16 Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters, and they came and drew and filled the troughs with water for their father’s flock.
17 And shepherds came and drove them away, but Moses rose to defend them, and watered their flock.
18 And when they came to Reuel, their father said, “Why are you come so soon today?”
19 And they said, “An Egyptian delivered us from the hand of the shepherds, and he also drew enough water for us, and watered the flock.”
20 And he said to his daughters, “Where is he? Why have you left the man? Call him, that he may eat food.”
21 And Moses was content to dwell with the man, and he gave Moses his daughter Zipporah.
22 And she begat a son, and he called his name Gershom, for he said, “I have been a sojourner in a foreign land.”
23 And it came to pass, in the process of time, that the king of Egypt died. And the children of Israel sighed because of the bondage, and they cried out, and their cry rose up to Elohim, because of the bondage.
24 And Elohim heard their groaning, and Elohim remembered His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
25 And Elohim saw the children of Israel, and Elohim acknowledged them.

*1. This is never mentioned, but, seeing as Moses was named by Pharaoh’s daughter, saying, “Because I drew him out of the water,” I have often wondered if Moses had another name; a Hebrew name given him by his Levite father and mother. Moses’ name means: To draw out; rescued.

CHAPTER 3

Now Moses was pasturing the flock of Jethro his father-in-law, the priest of Midian, and he led the flock to the backside of the desert, and came to Horeb, the mountain of Elohim.
2 And an angel of YEHOWAH appeared to him in a flame of fire from the midst of a bush, and he looked, and behold, the bush burned with fire, but the bush was not consumed.
3 And Moses said, “I will now turn aside and see this great sight; why the bush is not burned.”
4 And when YEHOWAH saw that he turned aside to look, Elohim called to him from the midst of the bush and said, “Moses, Moses!” And he said, “Here I am!”*1
5 And He said, “Do not come near here. Put off your sandals from your feet, for the place whereon you stand is holy ground.”
6 He also said, “I am the Elohim of your father, the Elohim of Abraham, the Elohim of Isaac, and the Elohim of Jacob.” And Moses hid his face, for he was afraid to look at Elohim.
7 And YEHOWAH said, “I have surely seen the affliction of My people who are in Egypt, and have heard their cry by reason of their taskmasters, for I know their sorrows.
8 And I have come down to deliver them from the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up from that land to a good and spacious land; to a land flowing with milk and honey; to the place of the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Amorite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite.
9 Now, therefore, behold, the cry of the children of Israel has come to Me, and I have seen the oppression with which the Egyptians oppress them.
10 Come, therefore, and I will send you to Pharaoh, that you may bring forth My people, the children of Israel, out of Egypt.”
11 But Moses said to Elohim, “Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh, and that I should bring forth the children of Israel out of Egypt?”
12 And He said, “Certainly I will be with you, and this shall be the sign that I have sent you: When you have brought the people out of Egypt, you shall serve Elohim upon this mountain.”
13 And Moses said to Elohim, “Behold, when I go to the children of Israel, and shall say to them, ‘The Elohim of your fathers has sent me to you;’ and they shall say to me, ‘What is His Name?’ What shall I say to them?”
14 And Elohim said to Moses, “I AM THAT I AM”; and He said, “Thus you shall say to the children of Israel, ‘I AM has sent me to you.'”
15 And Elohim said moreover to Moses, “Thus you shall say to the children of Israel, ‘YEHOWAH, the Elohim of your fathers; the Elohim of Abraham, the Elohim of Isaac, and the Elohim of Jacob, has sent me to you, and this is My Name forever, and this is My memorial unto all generations.’
16 Go and gather the elders of Israel together and say to them, ‘YEHOWAH, the Elohim of your fathers, the Elohim of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, has appeared to me, saying, “I have surely visited you and seen that which is done to you in Egypt,
17 and I say I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt to the land of the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Amorite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite, to a land flowing with milk and honey.”‘
18 “And they will hear what you say. And you shall go with the elders of Israel unto the king of Egypt, and you shall say to him, ‘YEHOWAH, the Elohim of the Hebrews, has met with us. And now, please let us go a three days’ journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice to YEHOWAH our Elohim.’
19 But I know that the king of Egypt will not let you go without a mighty hand.
20 So I will stretch out My hand and strike Egypt with all manner of My wonders, which I will do in the midst of it, and afterward he will let you go.
21 And I will give this people favor in the sight of the Egyptians. And it shall come to pass, that when you go, you will not go empty,
22 but every woman shall ask of her neighbor, and of her who sojourns in her house, utensils of silver and utensils of gold, and clothing, and you shall put them on your sons and daughters, and thus you shall spoil the Egyptians.”

1*. Exodus 3:4 is an astonishing passage! Please notice the facts here: A) YEHOWAH SAW that: 1) Moses “turned aside” and 2) “to look” and that B). ELOHIM 1) Called him and 2) Spoke to him… What do you suppose would have happened if Moses refused to “Turn aside” or “Look”?
I have heard many say that they have sincerely prayed for some real indication from Elohim, that Elohim really does exist, but that they never receive there sign. Clearly, they never receive that sign which they want – in their way, because Elohim manifests Himself to us every day in billions of ways. Watch a sunrise on a brisk morning, and FEEL the immediate warmth that He provides. Watch the birth of a baby, or of any animal; watch the standing wheat swaying in a breeze, and in any of these things, or billions of others, deny that Elohim is not answering requests for signs and wonders and proofs! His signs are all about us, but we are not turning aside or looking…
The second lesson here is for every child of Elohim, because we must know that HE is watching us; waiting for us to “Turn Aside” and to “Look”, because we are useless for ministry until we turn aside from this world, and reverently look to Him for our guidance!

CHAPTER 4

And Moses answered and said, “But behold, they will not believe me or listen to what I say, for they will say, ‘ YEHOWAH has not appeared to you.'”
2 And YEHOWAH said to him, “What is that in your hand?” And he said, “A staff.”
3 Then He said, “Cast it to the ground.” So he cast it to the ground, and it became a serpent, and Moses fled from it.
4 But YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Put forth your hand and seize it by its tail,” so he put forth his hand and seized it, and it became a staff in his hand –
5 that they may believe that YEHOWAH, the Elohim of their fathers; the Elohim of Abraham; the Elohim of Isaac; and the Elohim of Jacob, has appeared to you.”
6 And YEHOWAH furthermore said to him, “Now put your hand to your bosom.” So he put his hand to his bosom, and when he took it away from his bosom, behold, his hand was leprous, as snow.
7 Then He said, “Put your hand to your bosom again.” So he put his hand to his bosom again, and when he took it from his bosom, behold, it was restored again to flesh.
8 “And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe you or hear the voice of the first sign, they will believe the voice of the last sign.
9 But if they will not believe even these two signs, or hear your words, then you shall take of the water of the river, and pour it on dry land, and the water that you take from the river will become blood on the dry land.”
10 And Moses said to YEHOWAH, “O my Master, I am not eloquent; neither in time past, nor since You have spoken to Your servant, for I am slow of speech and slow of tongue.”
11 And YEHOWAH said to him, “Who gave man a mouth? Or who makes mute or deaf, or seeing or blind? Is it not I, YEHOWAH?
12 Now therefore, go, and I will be with your mouth, and teach you what you are to say.”
13 But he said, “O Master, please send by the hand whomever You will.”
14 And the anger of YEHOWAH was kindled against Moses, and He said, “Is not Aaron the Levite your brother? I know that he speaks well. Moreover, behold, he is coming out to meet you, and when he sees you, he will be glad in his heart.
15 And you shall speak to him and put the words in his mouth, and I will be with your mouth, and with his mouth, and will direct you – what you shall do.
16 And he shall speak for you to the people; and he will be as a mouth for you and you will be to him as Elohim.
17 And you shall take this staff in your hand, with which you shall perform signs.”
18 And Moses went and returned to Jethro his father-in-law, and said to him, “Let me go, I pray thee, and return to my brethren who are in Egypt; to see if they are yet alive.” And Jethro said to Moses, “Go in peace.”
19 And YEHOWAH said to Moses in Midian, “Go back to Egypt, for all the men are dead who sought your life.”
20 So Moses took his wife and his sons and set them upon an ass, and returned to the land of Egypt; and Moses also took the staff of Elohim in his hand.
21 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “When you go again to Egypt, see that you do before Pharaoh all the signs that I have put in your hand. But I will harden his heart, so that he will not let the people go.
22 And you shall say to Pharaoh, ‘Thus says YEHOWAH, “Israel is My son; My firstborn,
23 and I said unto you, ‘Let My son go, that he may serve Me’, but you refuse to let him go. Behold, I will kill your son; your firstborn.”‘”
24 And it came to pass on the way, at the inn, that YEHOWAH met him and sought to kill him.
25 Then Zipporah took a sharp stone and cut off her son’s foreskin, and threw it at his feet, and said, “You are indeed a husband of blood to me!”
26 So He let him go. Then she said, “A husband of blood, because of the circumcision”.
27 And YEHOWAH said to Aaron, “Go into the wilderness to meet Moses.” So he went and met him on the mountain of Elohim, and kissed him.
28 And Moses told Aaron all the words of YEHOWAH, with which He had sent him, and all the signs that He had commanded him.
29 And Moses and Aaron went and gathered all the elders of the children of Israel,
30 and Aaron spoke all the words that YEHOWAH had spoken to Moses, and performed the signs in the sight of the people,
31 and the people believed. And when they heard that YEHOWAH had visited the children of Israel, and that He had seen their affliction, they bowed their heads and worshiped.

CHAPTER 5

Afterward, Moses and Aaron went in, and said to Pharaoh, “Thus says YEHOWAH, Elohim of Israel, ‘Let My people go, that they may celebrate a feast to Me in the wilderness.'”
2 But Pharaoh said, “Who is YEHOWAH that I should obey His voice; to let Israel go? I do not know YEHOWAH, neither will I let Israel go.”
3 And they said, “The Elohim of the Hebrews has met with us. Let us go, we pray thee, three days’ journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice to YEHOWAH our Elohim, lest He fall upon us with pestilence or with the sword.”
4 And the king of Egypt said to them, “Moses and Aaron, why do you dismiss the people from their work? Go to your labors!”
5 And Pharaoh said, “Behold, the people of the land are now many, and you would have them cease from their labors!”
6 And the same day Pharaoh commanded the taskmasters of the people, and their officers, saying,
7 “You shall no more give the people straw to make brick as in time past. Let them go and gather straw for themselves.
8 And the number of bricks, which they did make in the past, you shall not lessen; you shall not diminish any of it, for they are slack, therefore they cry out, saying, ‘Let us go sacrifice to our Elohim.’
9 And let the work be heavier on the men, that they will be occupied therein, and pay no attention to vain words.”
10 And the taskmasters of the people, and their officers, went out and spoke to the people, saying, “Thus says Pharaoh, ‘I will not give you straw.
11 You go, get straw wherever you can find it, but none of your work will be diminished.'”
12 And the people scattered throughout the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw.
13 And the taskmasters pressed them, saying, “Fulfill your works, the daily portion, just as when there was straw.”
14 And the officers of the children of Israel, whom Pharaoh’s taskmasters had set over them, were beaten and asked, “Why have you not fulfilled the portion of making bricks, either yesterday or today, as in time past?”
15 And the officers of the children of Israel came and cried out to Pharaoh, saying, “Why do you deal this way with your servants?
16 There is no straw given to your servants, yet they say to us, ‘Make bricks!’ And behold, your servants are being beaten, but the fault is in your people.”
17 And he said, “You are very slack, therefore you say, ‘Let us go sacrifice to YEHOWAH.’
18 Go now, work, for there shall no straw be given, yet you shall deliver the measure of bricks.”
19 And the officers of the children of Israel saw the evil when they were told, “You shall not lessen the daily measure of bricks.”
20 And they met Moses and Aaron, who stood in the way, as they came out from Pharaoh,
21 and they said to them, “May YEHOWAH look upon you and judge, for you have made us an odorous stench in Pharaoh’s eyes, and in the eyes of his servants; to put a sword in their hand to kill us.”
22 And Moses returned to YEHOWAH and said, “O Master, why have You brought evil upon this people? Why have You sent me?
23 For ever since I came to Pharaoh to speak in Your Name, he has done evil to this people; neither have You delivered Your people at all.”

CHAPTER 6

Then YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Now shall you see what I will do to Pharaoh, for by a strong hand he will let them go, and by a strong hand he will drive them out of his land.”
2 Elohim spoke further unto Moses and said to him, “I am YEHOWAH,
3 and I appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, as El Almighty. And by My Name, YEHOWAH, I made Myself known to them.
4 I also established My covenant with them, to give them the land of Canaan; the land of their dwelling, where they sojourned as strangers.
5 And I have also heard the groaning of the children of Israel, whom the Egyptians keep in bondage, and I have remembered My covenant.
6 Say, therefore, to the children of Israel, ‘I am YEHOWAH, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will deliver you from their bondage, and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with great judgments.
7 And I will then take you to Me for a people, and I will be your Elohim, and you will know that I am YEHOWAH your Elohim, who brought you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians.
8 And I will bring you to the land that I swore to give to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and I will give it to you to possess. I am YEHOWAH!'”
9 And Moses spoke thus to the children of Israel, but they did not listen to Moses, because of the anguish of their spirit, and the cruel bondage.
10 And YEHOWAH spoke to Moses, saying,
11 “Go, tell Pharaoh, king of Egypt, to let the children of Israel go out of his land.”
12 But Moses spoke before YEHOWAH, saying, “Behold, the children of Israel do not listen to me, how then will Pharaoh listen to me, for I am of uncircumcised lips?”
13 And YEHOWAH spoke to Moses and Aaron, giving them a command to the children of Israel, and to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to let the children of Israel go out of the land of Egypt.
14 These are the heads of their fathers’ households: The sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel: Enoch, Pallu, Hezron and Carmi; these are the families of Reuben.
15 And the sons of Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar and Shaul the son of a Canaanite woman; these are the families of Simeon.
16 And these are the names of the sons of Levi according to their generations: Gershon, Kohath and Merari; and the years of Levi’s life was one hundred and thirty-seven years.
17 The sons of Gershon: Libni and Shimi, according to their families.
18 And the sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron and Uzziel; and the length of Kohath’s life was one hundred and thirty-three years.
19 And the sons of Merari: Machli and Mushi. These are the families of the Levites according to their generations.
20 And Amram took Yehchebed, his father’s sister, as wife, and she begat Aaron and Moses; and the length of Amram’s life was one hundred and thirty-seven years.
21 The sons of Izhar: Korah, Nepheg and Zichri.
22 The sons of Uzziel: Mishael, Elzaphan and Sithri.
23 And Aaron took Elisheba, the daughter of Amminadab, the sister of Nahshon, as wife, and she begat Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.
24 And the sons of Korah: Assir, Elkanah and Abiasaph; these are the families of the Korahites.
25 And Eleazar, Aaron’s son, took a daughter of Putiel as wife, and she begat Phinehas. These are the heads of the fathers of the Levites according to their families.
26 And this is that Aaron and Moses to whom YEHOWAH said, “Bring out the children of Israel from the land of Egypt according to their hosts.”
27 And these are they who spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring out the children of Israel out from Egypt; this is that Moses and Aaron.
28 And it came to pass on the day YEHOWAH spoke to Moses in the land of Egypt,
29 that YEHOWAH spoke to Moses, saying, “I am YEHOWAH, speak to Pharaoh king of Egypt all that I say unto you.”
30 And Moses said before YEHOWAH, “Behold, I am of uncircumcised lips. How then will Pharaoh hearken unto me?

CHAPTER 7

And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “See, I make you an elohim to Pharaoh, and your brother Aaron as your prophet.
2 You will speak all that I command you, and Aaron your brother will tell Pharaoh to send out the children of Israel from his land.
3 And I will stiffen Pharaoh’s heart, and multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.
4 And when Pharaoh does not listen to you, then I will lay My hand upon Egypt and bring forth My hosts; My people, the children of Israel, from the land of Egypt, by great judgments.
5 And the Egyptians will know that I am YEHOWAH when I stretch out My hand upon Egypt and bring out the children of Israel from among them.”
6 And Moses and Aaron did as YEHOWAH commanded them; so did they.
7 And Moses was eighty years old and Aaron eighty-three, when they spoke to Pharaoh.
8 And YEHOWAH spoke unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying,
9 “When Pharaoh shall speak to you, saying, ‘Do a miracle,’ then you shall say to Aaron, ‘Take the staff and cast it before Pharaoh – to become a serpent.'”
10 And Moses and Aaron came in to Pharaoh, and they did so, just as YEHOWAH had commanded. And Aaron threw down the staff before Pharaoh and his servants, and it became a serpent.
11 Then Pharaoh called the wise men and sorcerers, and they also, the magicians of Egypt, did the same with their enchantments.
12 For each one threw down his staff, and they turned into serpents. But Aaron’s staff swallowed up their staffs.
13 And Pharaoh’s heart was being made hard, and he did not listen to them, as YEHOWAH had said.
14 Then YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Pharaoh’s heart is hardened; he refuses to let the people go.
15 Go to Pharaoh in the morning, lo, as he goes out to the water, and take your stand on the bank of the river to meet him. And take in your hand the staff that was turned into a serpent,
16 and say unto him, ‘YEHOWAH, Elohim of the Hebrews, has sent me to you, saying, “Let My people go, that they may serve Me in the wilderness. But behold, until now you have not listened.”
17 Thus says YEHOWAH, “In this you will know that I am YEHOWAH: Behold, I will strike the water that is in the river with the staff in my hand, and it will be turned to blood.
18 And the fish that are in the river will die, and the river will stink, and the Egyptians will weary to drink water from the river.”‘”
19 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Take the staff and stretch out your hand over the waters of Egypt; over their rivers, over their streams, over their ponds and over all their pools of water, that they may become blood. And there will be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood and stone.'”
20 And Moses and Aaron did so, as YEHOWAH had commanded, and he lifted up the staff and struck the water in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants, and all the water in the river turned to blood.
21 And the fish in the river died, and the river stank, and the Egyptians could not drink water from the river. And there was blood throughout all the land of Egypt.
22 And the magicians of Egypt did the same with their enchantments, and Pharaoh’s heart was hardened; and neither did he listen to them, as YEHOWAH had said.
23 And Pharaoh turned and went into his house, and did not even consider this in his heart.
24 And all the Egyptians dug around the river for water to drink, for they could not drink of the water of the river.
25 And seven days were fulfilled after YEHOWAH struck the river.

CHAPTER 8

Then YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Thus says YEHOWAH, “Let My people go, that they may serve Me.
2 But if you refuse to send them away, behold, I will strike all within your borders with frogs.
3 The river will swarm with frogs, and they will come up and go into your house and into your bedroom and on your bed, and into the houses of your servants, and on your people, and into your ovens and into your kneading troughs.
4 And thus will the frogs come up upon you, and your people, and all your servants.”‘”
5 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Stretch out your hand with the staff over the rivers, over the streams and over the ponds, and cause frogs to come up upon the land of Egypt.'”
6 And Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt.
7 And the magicians did so with their enchantments, making frogs come up upon the land of Egypt.
8 Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron and said, “Entreat YEHOWAH that He remove the frogs from me and from my people, and I will let the people go, that they may sacrifice unto YEHOWAH.”
9 And Moses said to Pharaoh, “Make clear to me when I should intercede for you and your servants and your people, that the frogs be destroyed from you and your houses, and remain only in the river?”
10 And he said, “Tomorrow.” So he said, “Be it according to your word, that you may know that there is none like YEHOWAH our Elohim.
11 The frogs will depart from you and your houses, and your servants and your people; they will remain only in the river.”
12 And Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh, and Moses cried out to YEHOWAH because of the frogs, which He had inflicted upon Pharaoh.
13 And YEHOWAH did according to the word of Moses, and the frogs died out in the houses, the courts, and the fields.
14 And they gathered them in heaps, and the land stank.
15 But when Pharaoh saw the relief, he hardened his heart and did not listen to them, as YEHOWAH had said.
16 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Stretch out the staff and strike the dust of the earth, that it may become gnats throughout all the land of Egypt.'”
17 And they did so, and Aaron stretched out his hand with the staff, and struck the dust of the earth, and there were gnats on man and beast. All the dust of the land became gnats throughout all the land of Egypt.
18 And the magicians did so with their enchantments, to bring forth gnats, but they could not. So there were gnats on man and beast.
19 Then the magicians said to Pharaoh, “This is the finger of Elohim.” But Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he did not listen to them, as YEHOWAH had said.
20 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Rise up early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh, as he comes out to the water, and say to him, ‘Thus says YEHOWAH, “Let My people go, that they may serve Me.
21 For if you do not let My people go, behold, I will send swarms of flies upon you, upon your servants, upon your people and into your houses, and the houses of the Egypt will be full of swarms of flies; and also the ground on which they are.
22 And on that day I will distinguish the land of Goshen, where My people dwell, so that no swarms of flies will be there, in order that you may know that I, YEHOWAH, Am in the midst of the land.
23 I will make a distinction between My people and your people. Tomorrow this sign will come to pass.”‘”
24 And YEHOWAH did so. And there came great swarms of flies into the house of Pharaoh and the houses of his servants. And throughout the land of Egypt the land was in ruin because of the swarms of flies.
25 And Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your Elohim within the land.”
26 But Moses said, “It is not proper to do so, for our sacrifices to YEHOWAH our Elohim are an abomination to the Egyptians. And, lo, if we sacrifice what is an abomination to the Egyptians before their eyes, will they not then stone us?
27 We must go three days’ journey into the wilderness to sacrifice unto YEHOWAH our Elohim, as He commands us.”
28 And Pharaoh said, “I will let you go, that you may sacrifice to YEHOWAH your Elohim in the wilderness; only you shall not go very far away. Entreat for me.”
29 And Moses said, “Behold, I am going out from you, and I will entreat YEHOWAH, that the swarms of flies will depart from Pharaoh, from his servants and from his people; tomorrow. Only do not let Pharaoh deal deceitfully any more, in not letting the people go to sacrifice to YEHOWAH.”
30 And Moses went out from Pharaoh and entreated YEHOWAH.
31 And YEHOWAH did according to the word of Moses, and removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, from his servants and from his people. There remained not one.
32 But Pharaoh’s heart hardened this time also, and he did not let the people go.

CHAPTER 9

Then YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and declare to him, ‘Thus says YEHOWAH, Elohim of the Hebrew, “Let My people go, that they may serve Me.
2 For, if you refuse to let them go and hold them still,
3 behold, the hand of YEHOWAH will fall upon the cattle in the field; on the horses, on the asses, on the camels, on the herds, and on the flocks, with a very severe plague.
4 But YEHOWAH will distinguish between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of Egypt, and nothing will die of all that belongs to the children of Israel.”‘”
5 And YEHOWAH appointed a set time, saying, “Tomorrow, YEHOWAH will do this thing in the land.”
6 And YEHOWAH did this thing on the next day, and all the livestock of Egypt died. But of the livestock of the children of Israel, not one died.
7 And Pharaoh sent, and behold, there was not even one of the livestock of Israel dead. But the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people go.
8 And YEHOWAH said to Moses and Aaron, “Take to yourselves handfuls of ashes from a furnace, and let Moses scatter it toward the heavens in the sight of Pharaoh.
9 And it will become fine dust over all the land of Egypt, and it will become boils breaking out with pustules on man and beast throughout all the land of Egypt.”
10 And they took ashes from a furnace, and stood before Pharaoh, and Moses scattered it toward the heavens, and it became boils breaking out with pustules on man and beast.
11 And the magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils, for the boils were on the magicians as well as on all the Egyptians.
12 And YEHOWAH hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not listen to them, just as YEHOWAH had spoken to Moses.
13 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Rise up early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh, and say to him, ‘Thus says YEHOWAH, Elohim of the Hebrew, “Let My people go, that they may serve Me.
14 For this time I will send all My plagues upon your heart, and upon your servants and upon your people, so that you may know that there is no one like Me in all the earth.
15 For now I will put forth My hand and strike you and your people with plague, and you will be cut off from the earth.
16 Truly, for this very reason I have raised you up, in order to show you My power, and in order that My Name may be declared throughout all the earth.
17 Do you still exalt yourself over My people by not letting them go?
18 Behold, at this time tomorrow, I will cause it to rain a very grievous hail, such as has not been in Egypt since its foundation until now.
19 Send now, therefore, and gather your livestock and all that you have in the field. Every man and beast found in the field, and not brought home, the hail will come down on them, and they will die.”‘”
20 Those servants of Pharaoh who feared the word of YEHOWAH, made their servants and livestock flee into the houses,
21 but those who regarded not the word of YEHOWAH, left their servants and livestock in the field.
22 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward the heavens, that hail should fall on all the land of Egypt; on man and on beast, and on every herb of the field, throughout the land of Egypt.”
23 And Moses stretched out his staff toward the heavens, and YEHOWAH sent thunder and hail. And fire ran along the ground, and YEHOWAH rained hail upon the land of Egypt.
24 So there was hail, and fire mingled in the midst of the hail, very grievous, such as had not been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.
25 And the hail struck throughout all the land of Egypt; all that was in the field, both man and beast, and the hail struck every herb of the field and broke in pieces every tree of the field.
26 Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel were, there was no hail.
27 And Pharaoh sent, and called for Moses and Aaron, and said to them, “I have sinned this time. YEHOWAH is righteous, and I, and my people are wicked.
28 Entreat YEHOWAH, for it is enough that there be no more mighty thunder and hail! I will let you go, and you shall stay no longer.”
29 And Moses said to him, “As soon as I go out of the city, I will spread out my hands to YEHOWAH. The thunder will cease and there will be no more hail, that you may know that the earth is YEHOWAH’S.
30 But as for you and your servants, I know that you do not yet fear YEHOWAH Elohim.”
31 The flax and the barley were struck, for the barley was green and the flax had flowered,
32 but the wheat and the rye were not struck, for they had not grown up.
33 And Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh, and spread out his hands unto YEHOWAH, and the thunder and the hail ceased, and the rain was not poured upon the earth.
34 And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunder had ceased, he sinned again and hardened his heart; he and his servants.
35 And Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not let the children of Israel go, just as YEHOWAH had spoken through Moses.

CHAPTER 10

And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his servants, that I might show these, My signs, among them,
2 and that you might tell in the hearing of your children and your grandchildren, how I effected, in Egypt, My signs, which I have performed among them, that you would know that I am YEHOWAH.”
3 And Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said to him, “Thus says YEHOWAH, Elohim of the Hebrews, ‘How long will you refuse to humble yourself before Me? Let My people go, that they may serve Me,
4 for if you refuse to let My people go, behold, tomorrow I will bring locusts within your borders.
5 And they will cover the face of the land, so that no one will be able to see the land. They will also eat the remainder of what has escaped; what is left to you from the hail, and they will eat every tree that grows for you in the field.
6 And they will fill your houses, and the houses of all your servants, and the houses of all the Egyptians, which neither your fathers, nor your grandfathers, have seen from the day that they came upon the earth until this day.'” And he turned and went out from Pharaoh.
7 And Pharaoh’s servants said to him, “How long then shall this man be a snare to us? Let the men go, that they may serve YEHOWAH their Elohim. Do you not know that Egypt is destroyed?”
8 So Moses and Aaron were brought back to Pharaoh, and he said to them, “Go, serve YEHOWAH your Elohim! Who are they that shall go?”
9 And Moses said, “We shall go with our young and our old, with our sons and our daughters; with our flocks and our herds we shall go, for we feast unto YEHOWAH.”
10 And he said to them, “Let YEHOWAH be so with you, as I let you and your little ones go. Look, for evil is before you.
11 Rightly so, go now, the men, and serve YEHOWAH as you desire.” And they were driven out from Pharaoh’s presence.
12 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts, that they may come up on the land of Egypt and eat every herb of the land; everything that the hail has left.”
13 And Moses stretched out his staff over the land of Egypt, and YEHOWAH brought forth an east wind on the land all that day, and all that night. When it was morning, the east wind brought the locusts.
14 And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt and set down in all the territory of Egypt; very grievous. Never before had there been such locusts, nor would there be such again,
15 for they covered the face of the whole land, so that the land was darkened. And they ate every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees that the hail had left. And there remained nothing green on the trees, or on the herbs of the field, throughout the land of Egypt.
16 And Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron in haste, and he said, “I have sinned against YEHOWAH your Elohim, and against you.
17 Now therefore, please forgive my sin only this once, and entreat YEHOWAH your Elohim, that He would only take away from me this death.”
18 And he went out from Pharaoh and entreated YEHOWAH.
19 And YEHOWAH turned a very mighty west wind, which took away the locusts, and drove them into the Red Sea. And there remained not one locust within all the borders of Egypt.
20 But YEHOWAH hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go.
21 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward the heavens, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt; even a darkness which may be felt.”
22 So Moses stretched out his hand toward the heavens, and there was thick darkness throughout the land of Egypt for three days.
23 They could not see one another, nor did anyone rise from their place for three days, but all the children of Israel had light in their dwellings.
24 And Pharaoh called to Moses, and said, “Go, serve YEHOWAH. Only let your flocks and your herds stay; even your little ones may go with you.”
25 And Moses said, “You must also give us sacrifices and burnt offerings, that we may sacrifice to YEHOWAH our Elohim.
26 Therefore, our livestock also must go with us. Not a hoof shall be left behind, for we must take them to serve YEHOWAH our Elohim. And we know not with what we must serve YEHOWAH until we get there.”
27 But YEHOWAH hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let them go.
28 And Pharaoh said to him, “Get away from me! Beware, do not see my face again, for in the day you see my face you will die!”
29 And Moses said, “You have spoken rightly; I will see your face again no more!”

CHAPTER 11

And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Yet will I bring one more plague on Pharaoh and on Egypt, and afterward he will let you go from here. When he sends you out, he will surely drive you away from here completely.
2 Speak now in the ears of the people, and let each man ask from his neighbor, and each woman from her neighbor, for utensils of silver and utensils of gold.”
3 And YEHOWAH gave the people favor in the eyes of the Egyptians. Moreover, the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt in the eyes of Pharaoh’s servants, and in the eyes of the people.
4 And Moses said, “Thus says YEHOWAH, ‘About midnight I will go out into the midst of Egypt,
5 and all the firstborn in the land of Egypt will die; from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne, even to the firstborn of the handmaid who is behind the millstone, and all the firstborn of the beasts.
6 And there will be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, such as there has been none like it, and such as there shall never be again.
7 But against the children of Israel shall not a dog bark, neither against man nor beast, that you may know that YEHOWAH distinguishes between Egypt and Israel.’
8 And all these your servants will come down to me and bow themselves before me, saying, ‘Get out, you and all the people who follow you,’ and after that I will go out.” And he went out from Pharaoh in fierce anger.
9 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Pharaoh will not listen to you, so that My wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.”
10 And Moses and Aaron did all these signs before Pharaoh, yet YEHOWAH hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go out of his land.

CHAPTER 12

And YEHOWAH spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying,
2 “This month is the beginning of months. It is to be the first month of the year to you.
3 Speak unto all the assembly of Israel, saying, ‘On the tenth of this month they are each to take a lamb for themselves, according to their fathers’ households; a lamb for each household.
4 And if the household is too small for a lamb, let him and the neighbor nearest to his house, take according to the number of souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb.
5 Your lamb shall be without blemish; a male of the first year. You may take it from the sheep or from the goats.
6 And you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of the same month. And the whole congregation of the assembly of Israel is to kill it at dusk.
7 And they shall take of the blood and put it on the two doorposts, and on the lintel of the houses in which they eat it.
8 And they shall eat the flesh that night, roasted with fire; with unleavened bread and bitter herbs they shall eat it.
9 They shall not eat any of it raw or boiled at all with water, but only roasted with fire; its head and its legs along with its entrails.
10 And you shall let none of it remain until morning. And whatever remains of it until morning, you shall burn with fire.
11 And thus shall you eat it: Your loins shall be girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you shall eat it in haste. It is YEHOWAH’S Passover.
12 For I will go through the land of Egypt on that night, and will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast. And against all the elohim of Egypt I will execute judgments. I am YEHOWAH!
13 And the blood shall be for you a sign on the houses where you live, and when I see the blood I will pass over you, and no plague will befall you for destruction when I strike the land of Egypt.
14 And this day will be a memorial to you, and you shall celebrate it a feast to YEHOWAH throughout your generations; you are to celebrate it an ordinance forever.
15 Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, but on the first day you shall remove leaven from your houses, for whoever eats anything leavened from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel.
16 On the first day you shall have a holy convocation, and on the seventh day a holy convocation; no work at all shall be done on them, except what is eaten by every person; that only may be done by you.
17 And you shall observe the Unleavened Bread, for on this very day I have brought your hosts out of the land of Egypt. And you shall keep this day throughout your generations as an ordinance forever.
18 In the first month, from the fourteenth day of the month at dusk, you shall eat unleavened bread until the twenty-first day of the month at dusk.
19 Seven days there shall be no leaven found in your houses, for whoever eats what is leavened, that soul shall be cut off from the assembly of Israel; whether a sojourner or one born in the land.
20 You shall eat nothing leavened; in all your dwellings you shall eat unleavened bread.'”
21 And Moses called for all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Draw out and take for yourselves lambs according to your families, and kill the Passover lamb.*1
22 You shall take a bunch of hyssop and dip it in the blood in the basin, and touch the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood in the basin, and none of you shall go out of the door of his house until morning.
23 For YEHOWAH will pass through to smite the Egyptians, and when He sees the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, YEHOWAH will pass over the door and will not grant the destroyer to come in to your houses to smite you.
24 And you shall observe this thing as an ordinance for you and your children forever.
25 And it shall come to pass, when you enter the land that YEHOWAH will give you, as He has promised, you shall observe this act.
26 And it shall come to pass, when your children ask you, ‘What do you mean by this act?’
27 you shall say, ‘It is the sacrifice of Passover to YEHOWAH, Who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt when He smote the Egyptians, but delivered our homes.'” And the people bowed their heads and worshiped.
28 And the children of Israel went away and did just as YEHOWAH had commanded Moses and Aaron; so they did.
29 And it came to pass, that at midnight YEHOWAH smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt; from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of the beasts.
30 And Pharaoh arose in the night; he and all his servants and all the Egyptians, and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where there was not one dead.
31 And he called for Moses and Aaron in the night and said, “Rise up, go away from among my people; both you and the children of Israel. Go and worship YEHOWAH, as you have said.
32 And take your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and go, and bless me also.”
33 And the Egyptians urged the people, to send them out of the land in haste, for they said, “We will all be dead.”
34 And the people took their dough before it was leavened; their kneading-troughs bound up in the clothes on their shoulders.
35 And the children of Israel had done according to the word of Moses, for they had asked from the Egyptians utensils of silver and utensils of gold, and clothing.
36 And YEHOWAH had given the people favor in the eyes of the Egyptians, so that they let them have what they asked. Thus they spoiled the Egyptians.
37 And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides children.*1
38 And a mixed multitude also went up with them, along with flocks, herds and very much livestock.
39 And they baked unleavened cakes from the dough that they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened, because they were driven out of Egypt and could not delay; nor had they prepared for themselves any food.
40 Now the sojourning of the children of Israel who dwelled in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years.
41 And it came to pass at the end of four hundred and thirty years, on the very same day it came to pass, that all the hosts of YEHOWAH*2 went out from the land of Egypt.
42 It is a night of observance unto YEHOWAH, for having brought them out from the land of Egypt. This night is unto YEHOWAH, to be observed by all the children of Israel throughout their generations.
43 And YEHOWAH said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the ordinance of the Passover: No foreigner is to eat of it,
44 but every man’s servant bought with money, having been circumcised, then he may eat of it.
45 A foreigner or a hired servant shall not eat of it.
46 In one house shall it be eaten; you shall not carry forth any of the flesh outside of the house, nor shall you to break any bone of it.
47 All the assembly of Israel shall observe this.
48 And if a foreigner sojourns with you, and would observe the Passover unto YEHOWAH, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near to observe it, and he shall be as one born in the land. But no uncircumcised person may eat of it.
49 The same law shall apply to him that is home-born, as to the foreigner who sojourns among you.”
50 Thus did all the children of Israel. As YEHOWAH commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.
51 And it came to pass on that very same day, YEHOWAH brought the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt, by their hosts.

*1. Consider the command of Exodus 12:21 in light of the “number of men” revealed in Exodus 12:37, because fulfilling the requirement for sacrificial lambs (or goats) would mean the slaughtering of nearly 600,000 young lambs! Imagine, then, the enormous size of the “Flocks” of Israel, at the time of the Exodus.

*2. Throughout Scripture we read the phrase, “hosts of YEHOWAH” or “YEHOWAH of hosts”, as we see here in Exodus 12:21. Have you ever considered the meaning of “Hosts” in this context? I have prayed to understand this saying for a very long time, and I mention it here in passing, in the hope that you too may find it an interesting use of words as well. Give it some thought each time you read the phrase, because even if you already know what it means, I believe it is significant for all of Elohim’s children. I think that I finally comprehend what The Holy Spirit means with these words, and I’ll share that with you later in our study notes.

CHAPTER 13

And YEHOWAH spoke to Moses, saying,
2 “Sanctify to Me every firstborn. Whatever first opens the womb among the children of Israel, both of man and of beast, it is Mine.”
3 And Moses said to the people, “Remember this day in which you came out from Egypt; out of the house of bondage. With a powerful hand YEHOWAH brought you out from this, and nothing leavened shall be eaten.
4 This day you came out in the month of Abib,
5 and it shall be when YEHOWAH brings you into the land of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Hivite and the Jebusite, which He swore to your fathers to give you; a land flowing with milk and honey, that you shall observe this act in this month:
6 For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, and the seventh day shall be a feast unto YEHOWAH.
7 Unleavened bread shall be eaten for seven days, and nothing leavened shall be seen among you; nor shall any leaven be seen among you in all your borders.
8 And you shall tell your children on that day, saying, ‘It is because of what YEHOWAH did for me when I came out of Egypt.’
9 And it shall be as a sign to you on your hand, and as a memorial on the brow between your eyes, that the law of YEHOWAH may be in your mouth, for with a powerful hand YEHOWAH brought you out of Egypt.
10 Therefore, you shall keep this ordinance at its set time from year to year.
11 And it shall be when YEHOWAH brings you into the land of the Canaanite, as He swore to you and to your fathers, and gives it to you,
12 you shall set apart unto YEHOWAH whatever first opens every womb, and the firstling of every beast that you own; the males are YEHOWAH’S.
13 And every firstling of an ass you shall redeem with a lamb, but if you do not redeem it, then you shall break its neck. And every firstborn of man among your children you shall redeem.
14 And it shall be when your children ask you in time to come, saying, ‘What is this?’ then you shall say to them, ‘With a powerful hand YEHOWAH brought us out of Egypt; out from the house of bondage.
15 And it came to pass, when Pharaoh was stiff-necked about letting us go, that YEHOWAH killed every firstborn in the land of Egypt; both the firstborn of man and the firstborn of beast. Therefore, I sacrifice to YEHOWAH every male that first opens a womb, but every firstborn of my children I redeem.’
16 And it shall serve as a sign on your hand, and as a band on the brow between your eyes, for with a powerful hand YEHOWAH brought us out of Egypt.”
17 And it came to pass, when Pharaoh had let the people go, Elohim did not lead them by the way of the land of the Philistines, even though it was near, for Elohim said, “Lest the people be sorry when they see war, and return to Egypt.”
18 So Elohim led the people about by the way of the wilderness to the Red Sea, and the sons of Israel went up armed from the land of Egypt.
19 And Moses took the bones of Yehoseph with him, for he had made the sons of Israel solemnly swear, saying, “Elohim will surely visit you, and you shall carry my bones from here with you.”
20 And they journeyed from Succoth and camped in Etham on the edge of the wilderness.
21 And YEHOWAH walked before them in a pillar of cloud by day, to lead them on the way, and in a pillar of fire by night, to give them light, that they could go by day and by night.
22 And He did not take away the pillar of cloud by day, or the pillar of fire by night, from before the people.

CHAPTER 14

And YEHOWAH spoke to Moses, saying,
2 “Tell the children of Israel to turn back and encamp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea; you shall camp opposite the sea, before Baal-zephon.
3 For Pharaoh will say of the children of Israel, ‘They are confused in the land; the wilderness has shut them in.’
4 And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and he will pursue after them, and I will be honored through Pharaoh and all his army; and the Egyptians will know that I am YEHOWAH.” And they did so.
5 And it was told the king of Egypt, that the people had fled, and the heart of Pharaoh, and his servants, turned against the people, and they said, “Why have we done this, that we have let Israel go from serving us?”
6 And he made ready his chariots, and took his people with him;
7 and he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the other chariots of Egypt, with captains over every one of them.
8 And YEHOWAH hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel. And the children of Israel had gone out with uplifted hands.
9 And the Egyptians pursued after them. And all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh; his horsemen and his army, overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pi-hahiroth, before Baal-Zephon.
10 And as Pharaoh approached, the children of Israel lifted up their eyes, and behold, the Egyptians had set out after them, and they were very afraid. And the children of Israel cried out to YEHOWAH.
11 And they said to Moses, “Is it because there were no graves in Egypt that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? Why have you dealt with us this way, leading us out of Egypt?
12 Is this not the word that we spoke to you in Egypt, saying, ‘Leave us alone that we may serve the Egyptians’? For it was better for us to serve in Egypt than to die in the wilderness.”
13 But Moses said to the people, “Do not fear! Stand still and see the deliverance of YEHOWAH, which He will accomplish for you today; for the Egyptians whom you have seen today, you shall see them again no more, forever.
14 YEHOWAH will fight for you while you keep silent.”
15 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Why are you crying out to Me? Tell the children of Israel to go forward.
16 As for you, lift up your staff, and stretch out your hand over the sea, and divide it, and the children of Israel shall go on dry land through the midst of the sea.
17 And I, behold, I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, so that they will go in after them. And I will be honored through Pharaoh and all his army; through his chariots and his horsemen.
18 And the Egyptians will know that I am YEHOWAH, when I am honored through Pharaoh; through his chariots and his horsemen.”
19 And the angel of Elohim, who walked before the camp of Israel, moved and went behind them. And the pillar of cloud moved from before them and stood behind them.
20 And it came between the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel. And there was the cloud, and darkness, but it gave light at night. So the one did not come near the other all night.
21 And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and YEHOWAH moved the sea with a strong east wind all night, and made the sea dry land. And the waters were divided.
22 And the children of Israel went through the midst of the sea on the dry land, and the water was a wall to them, on their right hand and on their left.
23 And the Egyptians pursued them; all Pharaoh’s horses, his chariots and his horsemen went in after them, into the midst of the sea.
24 And it came to pass in the morning watch, that YEHOWAH looked down on the army of the Egyptians through the pillar of fire and the cloud, and put into commotion the army of the Egypt.
25 He caused their chariot wheels to fall off, making them drive with difficulty, and the Egyptians said, “Let us flee from the face of Israel, for YEHOWAH is fighting for them against the Egyptians.”
26 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand over the sea, that the waters may return over the Egyptians; over their chariots and their horsemen.”
27 So Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to its strength at dawn, while the Egyptians fled against it. And YEHOWAH overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea.
28 And the waters returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen, and all of Pharaoh’s army that had gone into the sea after them; not even one of them remained.
29 But the children of Israel walked on dry land through the midst of the sea, and the water was a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.
30 Thus YEHOWAH delivered Israel that day from the hand of the Egyptians, and Israel saw the Egyptians dead upon the seashore.
31 And when Israel saw the great power, which YEHOWAH had wrought against the Egyptians, the people feared YEHOWAH, and they believed in YEHOWAH and in His servant Moses.

CHAPTER 15

Then Moses and the children of Israel sang this song unto YEHOWAH, saying, “I will sing to YEHOWAH, for He has triumphed gloriously. The horse and his rider He has hurled into the sea.
2 YEH is my strength and song, and He has become my deliverance. This is my El, and I will praise Him; my father’s Elohim, and I will exalt Him.
3 YEHOWAH is a warrior; YEHOWAH is His Name.
4 Pharaoh’s chariots and his army He has cast into the sea, and the choicest of his officers are drowned in the Red Sea.
5 The depths cover them; they went down to the depths as a stone.
6 Your right hand, O YEHOWAH, is magnificent in power. Your right hand, O YEHOWAH, has dashed in pieces the enemy.
7 And in the abundance of Your Excellency, You have overthrown those who rose up against You. You sent forth Your burning wrath, and it consumed them as stubble.
8 And by the blast of Your nostrils the waters were gathered together; the flowing waters stood upright like a heap; the depths congealed in the heart of the sea.
9 The enemy said, ‘I will pursue; I will overtake; I will divide the spoil. My soul shall be filled upon them; I will draw out my sword, my hand will destroy them.’
10 But You blew with Your wind and the sea covered them; they sank as lead in the mighty waters.
11 Who is like You among the el, O YEHOWAH? Who is like You, magnificent in holiness; revered in praise, doing wonders?
12 You stretched out Your right hand; the earth swallowed them.
13 In Your loving-kindness You have led forth the people whom You have redeemed; in Your strength You have guided them to Your holy habitation.
14 The people will hear and quiver; anguish will grip the inhabitants of Palistina.
15 And at that time the chiefs of Edom will be alarmed; the mighty men of Moab. Trembling shall seize them; all the inhabitants of Canaan will melt away.
16 Terror and dread will fall upon them. By Your great arm they will be as still as a stone, until Your people pass over, O YEHOWAH; until the people pass over whom You have redeemed.
17 You will bring them in and plant them on the mountain of Your inheritance; the place, O YEHOWAH, which You have made for Your dwelling; the sanctuary, O Master, which Your hands have established.
18 YEHOWAH shall reign forever and ever.
19 For the horses of Pharaoh, with his chariots and horsemen, went into the sea, and YEHOWAH brought back the waters of the sea upon them. But the children of Israel walked on dry land through the midst of the sea.”
20 And Miriam the prophetess; the sister of Aaron, took the tambourine in her hand, and all the women went out after her with tambourines and with dancing.
21 And Miriam cried out to them, “Sing to YEHOWAH, for He is highly exalted; the horse and his rider He has hurled into the sea.”
22 So Moses journeyed forth with Israel from the Red Sea, and they went out into the wilderness of Shur. And they went three days in the wilderness and found no water.
23 And when they came to Marah, they could not drink the waters of Marah, for they were bitter. Therefore the name of it was called Marah.
24 And the people murmured at Moses, saying, “What shall we drink?”
25 And he cried out to YEHOWAH, and YEHOWAH showed him a tree; and when he cast it into the waters, the waters became sweet. There He made for them a statute and an ordinance, and there He tested them.
26 And He said, “If you will diligently heed the voice of YEHOWAH your Elohim, and do what is right in His eyes, and give ear to His commandments, and keep all His statutes, I will put none of the diseases upon you that I have put on the Egyptians, for I am YEHOWAH, Who heals you.”
27 And they came to Elim, and twelve springs of water were there, and seventy palm trees, and they encamped there by the waters.

CHAPTER 16

And they journeyed from Elim, and the whole assembly of the children of Israel came to the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai; on the fifteenth day of the second month after their departure out of the land of Egypt.
2 And the whole assembly of the children of Israel murmured against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness.
3 And the children of Israel said to them, “O, that we would have died by the hand of YEHOWAH in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the pots of meat, and when we ate bread to the full. For you have brought us out into this wilderness to kill this whole assembly with hunger.”
4 Then YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Behold, I will rain bread from heaven for you, and the people shall go out and gather one day’s portion every day, that I may test them, whether they will walk in My law, or not.
5 And it shall come to pass on the sixth day, that they shall prepare what they bring in, and it shall be twice as much as they gather daily.”
6 So Moses and Aaron said to all the children of Israel, “At evening you will know that YEHOWAH has brought you out from the land of Egypt,
7 and in the morning you will see the glory of YEHOWAH, for He hears your murmurings against YEHOWAH. And what are we, that you murmur against us?”
8 And Moses said, “When YEHOWAH gives you in the evening flesh to eat, and in the morning bread to the full, for YEHOWAH hears your murmurings, which you murmur against Him. And what are we? Your murmurings are not against us but against YEHOWAH.”
9 Then Moses said to Aaron, “Say to all the assembly of the children of Israel, ‘Come near before YEHOWAH, for He has heard your murmurings.'”
10 And it came to pass, as Aaron spoke to the whole assembly of the children of Israel, that they turned toward the wilderness, and behold, the glory of YEHOWAH appeared in the cloud.
11 And YEHOWAH spoke to Moses, saying,
12 “I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel. Speak to them, saying, ‘At dusk you will eat flesh, and in the morning you will be filled with bread, and you will know that I am YEHOWAH your Elohim.'”
13 And it came to pass at dusk that quail came up and covered the camp, and in the morning dew lay around the camp.
14 And when the dew that lay was lifted, behold, on the surface of the wilderness lay a small round thing, thin as the frost on the ground.
15 And when the children of Israel saw, they said to one another, “What is it?” For they did not know what it was. And Moses said to them, “It is the bread that YEHOWAH has given you to eat.
16 And this is what YEHOWAH has commanded: ‘Gather of it every man according to his eating. You shall take an omer per head, for the number of persons each man has in his tent.'”
17 And the children of Israel did so, gathering much or little.
18 And when they measured it with an omer, those who gathered much had no excess, and those who gathered little had no lack; they gathered every man according to their eating.
19 And Moses said to them, “Let no man leave any part of it until morning.”
20 But they did not listen to Moses, and some left part of it until morning, and it bred worms and it stank. And Moses was angry with them.
21 They gathered it morning by morning, every man as much as he should eat, but when the sun became hot, it melted.
22 And it came to pass on the sixth day, that they gathered twice as much bread; two omers for each one. And all the rulers of the assembly came and told Moses.
23 And he said to them, “This is what YEHOWAH said: ‘Tomorrow is a Sabbath rest, a holy Sabbath unto YEHOWAH. Bake what you will bake and boil what you will boil, and all that remains over, lay up and keep until morning.'”
24 And they laid it up until morning, as Moses had commanded, and it did not stink, nor was there any worm in it.
25 And Moses said, “Eat it today, for today is a Sabbath to YEHOWAH; today you will not find it in the field.
26 Six days you shall gather it, but the seventh day is the Sabbath, there will be none.”
27 And it came to pass on the seventh day that some of the people went out to gather, but they found none.
28 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “How long will you refuse to keep My commandments and My laws?
29 See, YEHOWAH has given you the Sabbath. Therefore, He gives you on the sixth day, bread for two days. Remain every man in his place; let no man go from his place on the seventh day.”
30 So the people rested on the seventh day.
31 And the house of Israel called its name manna; and it was like coriander seed, white, and the taste of it was like wafers with honey.
32 And Moses said, “This is the thing that YEHOWAH has commanded, ‘Let an omer of it be kept throughout your generations, that they may see the bread that I fed you in the wilderness, when I brought you out from the land of Egypt.'”
33 And Moses said to Aaron, “Take a pot and put an omer of manna in it, and place it before YEHOWAH to be kept throughout your generations.”
34 As YEHOWAH commanded Moses, so Aaron placed it before the Testimony, to be kept.
35 And the children of Israel ate the manna forty years, until they came to an inhabited land; they ate the manna until they came to the border of the land of Canaan.
36 Now an omer is a tenth of an ephah.

CHAPTER 17

And all the assembly of the children of Israel journeyed from the wilderness of Sin, by their stations, according to the command of YEHOWAH, and camped at Rephidim. And there was no water for the people to drink.
2 And the people contended with Moses and said, “Give us water that we may drink.” And Moses said to them, “Why do you contend with me? Why do you test YEHOWAH?”
3 But the people thirsted there for water, and they murmured against Moses and said, “Why is it that you have brought us up from Egypt, to kill us and our children and our livestock with thirst?”
4 And Moses cried out to YEHOWAH, saying, “What shall I do to this people? Very soon, they will stone me.”
5 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Pass on before the people, and take with you the elders of Israel, and the staff with which you struck the river; take in your hand, and go.
6 Behold, I will stand before you there on the rock at Horeb, and you shall strike the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink.” And Moses did so before the eyes of the elders of Israel.
7 And he called the name of the place Massah and Meribah, because of the contention of the children of Israel, and because they tempted YEHOWAH, saying, “Is YEHOWAH among us, or not?”
8 Then Amalek came and fought against Israel at Rephidim.
9 So Moses said to Yehoshuwah, “Choose men, and go out, fight against Amalek. Tomorrow I will stand on the top of the hill with the staff of Elohim in my hand.”
10 And Yehoshuwah did as Moses said to him, and fought against Amalek. And Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up to the top of the hill.
11 And it came to pass, when Moses raised his hand, that Israel prevailed, and when he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed.
12 But Moses’ hands were heavy, so they took a stone and put it under him, and he sat on it. And Aaron and Hur supported his hands; one on one side and one on the other. Thus his hands were steady until the setting of the sun.
13 And Yehoshuwah overthrew Amalek and his people with the edge of the sword.
14 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Write this for a memorial in the book, and rehearse it in the ears of Yehoshuwah, that I will utterly blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven.”
15 And Moses built an altar and called the name of it YEHOWAH-Nissi;
16 and he said, “Because his hand is against the throne of YEH, YEHOWAH will battle against Amalek from generation to generation.”

CHAPTER 18

When Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses’ father-in-law, heard of all that Elohim had done for Moses, and for Israel His people; that YEHOWAH had brought Israel out of Egypt,
2 Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, took Moses’ wife Zipporah, after he had sent her back,
3 and her two sons, of whom one was named Gershom, for Moses said, “I have been a sojourner in a foreign land,”
4 and the name of the other was Eliezer, for, “The Elohim of my father was my help, and delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh,”
5 and Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, came with his sons and his wife to Moses in the wilderness, which is where he encamped at the mount of Elohim.
6 And he sent word to Moses, “I, your father-in-law Jethro, am coming to you, and your wife and her two sons with her.”
7 And Moses went out to meet his father-in-law, and he bowed down and kissed him, and they asked each other of their welfare, and went into the tent.
8 And Moses told his father-in-law all that YEHOWAH had done to Pharaoh and to the Egyptians, for Israel’s sake; and all the travail that had come upon them on the way. And how YEHOWAH delivered them.
9 And Jethro rejoiced over all the goodness that YEHOWAH had done to Israel, in delivering them from the hand of the Egypt.
10 And Jethro said, “Blessed be YEHOWAH, Who delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and from the hand of Pharaoh; Who delivered the people from under the hand of the Egyptians.
11 Now I know that YEHOWAH is greater than all elohim, for in the thing that they dealt proudly, He was above them.”
12 And Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for Elohim, and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat food with Moses’ father-in-law, before Elohim.
13 And it came to pass on the next day, that Moses sat to judge the people, and the people stood by Moses from dawn to dusk.
14 And when Moses’ father-in-law saw all that he was doing with the people, he said, “What is this thing that you do to the people? Why do you alone sit, and all the people stand about you from dawn until dusk?”
15 And Moses said to his father-in-law, “Because the people come to me to inquire of Elohim.
16 When they have a matter, it comes to me, and I judge between one and another, and make known the statutes of Elohim and His laws.”
17 And Moses’ father-in-law said to him, “The thing that you are doing is not good.
18 You will surely wilt, both you and these people who are with you, for the task is too heavy for you; you cannot perform it alone.
19 Hear now my voice; I will give you counsel, and Elohim shall be with you: You be for the people before Elohim, and you bring the matters to Elohim,
20 and teach them the statutes and the laws, and make known to them the way in which they must walk, and the work they must do.
21 But, you shall provide out of all the people, able men who fear Elohim, men of truth, who hate covetousness, and you shall place these over them, as rulers of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties and of tens.
22 And let them judge the people at all times, and it shall be that every great matter they will bring to you, but every small matter they themselves shall judge. So it will be easier for you, and they will bear with you.
23 If you do this thing, and Elohim commands you, then you will be able to endure, and all these people also shall go to their place in peace.”
24 So Moses heard the voice of his father-in-law, and did all that he had said.
25 And Moses chose able men out of all Israel and made them heads over the people; rulers of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties and of tens.
26 And they judged the people at all times. The hard matters they would bring to Moses, but every small matter they judged themselves.
27 And Moses let his father-in-law depart, and he went his way into his own land.

CHAPTER 19

In the third month after the departure of the children of Israel from the land of Egypt, on that very day, they came into the wilderness of Sinai.
2 For they journeyed from Rephidim, and came to the wilderness of Sinai, and camped in the wilderness. And Israel encamped there before the mountain.
3 And Moses went up to Elohim, and YEHOWAH called to him from the mountain, saying, “Thus you shall say to the house of Jacob and tell the children of Israel:
4 ‘You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, how I bore you on eagles’ wings, and brought you to Myself.
5 Now therefore, if you will indeed obey My voice, and keep My covenant, then you shall be a peculiar treasure unto Me out of all the peoples, for all the earth is Mine.
6 And you shall be to Me a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation.’ These are the words that you shall speak to the children of Israel.”
7 And Moses came and called the elders of the people, and put before them all these words that YEHOWAH had commanded him.
8 And all the people answered together, saying, “All that YEHOWAH has spoken we will do!” And Moses brought the words of the people back to YEHOWAH.
9 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Behold, I will come to you in a thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with you, and may also believe you forever.” And Moses told the words of the people to YEHOWAH.
10 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Go to the people and sanctify them today and tomorrow, and let them wash their clothes,
11 and let them be ready for the third day, for on the third day YEHOWAH will come down before the eyes of all the people on Mount Sinai.
12 And you shall set boundaries for the people all around, saying, ‘Take heed that you do not go up on the mountain or touch the border of it. Whoever touches the mountain shall surely be put to death.
13 Not one hand shall touch it, but they shall surely be stoned or shot through; whether beast or man, they shall not live.’ When the long drawn sound of the trumpet blasts, they shall come up to the mountain.”
14 So Moses went down from the mountain to the people and sanctified the people, and they washed their clothes.
15 And he said to the people, “Be ready for the third day; do not go near your wives.”
16 And it came to pass on the third day, when it was morning, that there was thunder, and lightning flashes, and a thick cloud upon the mountain, and an exceedingly loud trumpet sounded, so that all the people in the camp trembled.
17 And Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet Elohim, and they stood at the foot of the mountain.
18 And Mount Sinai was altogether in smoke, because YEHOWAH descended upon it in fire. And its smoke ascended like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked greatly.
19 And when the sound of the trumpet grew louder and louder, Moses spoke and Elohim answered him with a thundering voice.
20 And YEHOWAH came down on Mount Sinai, to the top of the mountain, and YEHOWAH called Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up.
21 And YEHOWAH spoke to Moses, “Go down, warn the people, so that they do not break through to YEHOWAH to gaze, and many of them perish.
22 And let the priests also, who come near to YEHOWAH, sanctify themselves, lest YEHOWAH break forth upon them.”
23 And Moses said to YEHOWAH, “The people cannot come up to Mount Sinai, for You charged us, saying, ‘Set boundaries about the mountain and sanctify it.'”
24 And YEHOWAH said to him, “Away, go down and come up, you and Aaron with you; but do not let the priests and the people break through to come up to YEHOWAH, lest He break forth upon them.”
25 So Moses went down to the people and spoke to them.

CHAPTER 20

And Elohim spoke all these words, saying,
2 “I am YEHOWAH your Elohim, Who brought you out of the land of Egypt; out of the house of bondage.
3 You shall have no other elohim before Me.
4 You shall not make any graven image, or any likeness of what is in heaven above, or on the earth beneath, or in the water under the earth.
5 You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I, YEHOWAH, your Elohim, am a jealous El, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generations of those who hate Me,
6 but showing loving-kindness to thousands; to those who love Me, and keep My commandments.
7 You shall not take the Name of YEHOWAH your Elohim in vain, for YEHOWAH will not leave him unpunished who takes His Name in vain.
8 Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.
9 Six days you shall labor and do all your work,
10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath of YEHOWAH your Elohim; you shall not do any work, you nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your man-servant or your maid-servant, or your beasts, or your foreigner who stays with you.
11 For in six days YEHOWAH made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore YEHOWAH blessed the Sabbath day and sanctified it.
12 Honor your father and your mother that your days may be prolonged in the land that YEHOWAH your Elohim gives you.
13 You shall not commit murder.
14 You shall not commit adultery.
15 You shall not steal.
16 You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
17 You shall not covet your neighbor’s house, you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, nor his man-servant nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor anything that belongs to your neighbor.”
18 And all the people saw the thundering, and the lightning, and the sound of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking. And when the people saw, they wavered and stood afar off.
19 And they said to Moses, “You speak to us, and we will listen, but let not Elohim speak to us, lest we die.”
20 And Moses said to the people, “Do not be afraid, for Elohim has come in order to prove you, that the fear of Him may remain before you, that you sin not.”
21 And the people stood afar off, while Moses drew near to Elohim in the dark cloud.
22 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Thus you shall say to the children of Israel, ‘You have seen that I have spoken to you from heaven.
23 You shall not make beside Me any elohim of silver, nor shall you make for yourselves any elohim of gold.
24 An altar of earth you shall make unto Me, and you shall sacrifice on it your burnt offerings and your peace offerings, your sheep and your oxen. In every place where I cause My Name to be remembered, I will come to you and bless you.
25 And if you make unto Me an altar of stone, you shall not build it of hewn stones, for if you lift up your tool upon it, you will pollute it.
26 Neither shall you go up by steps to My altar, that your nakedness will not be revealed on it.’

CHAPTER 21

Now these are the judgments that you are to set before them:
2 If you buy a Hebrew servant, they shall serve for six years, but on the seventh they shall go out free – for nothing.
3 If they come alone, they shall go out alone; if he is the husband of a wife, then his wife shall go out with him.
4 If his master gives him a wife, and she begets sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall be her master’s, and he shall go out alone.
5 But if the servant expressly says, ‘I love my master, my wife and my children, I will not go out free,’
6 then his master shall bring him before Elohim; bring him to the door or the doorpost, and his master shall pierce his ear with an awl, and he shall serve him for ever.
7 If a man sells his daughter as a maidservant, she is not to go out free as the male servants do.
8 If she is evil in the eyes of her master, who has betrothed her to himself, then he shall let her be redeemed. He does not have the authority to sell her to foreigners, seeing as he has dealt unfaithfully with her.
9 If he betroths her to his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.
10 If he takes to himself another, he shall not diminish her food or her clothing, and her duty of marriage shall not be diminished.
11 If he does not do these three for her, then she shall go out free – for nothing.
12 Whoever strikes another so that they die, shall surely be put to death.
13 But if they did not lie in wait, but Elohim delivered them into their hand, then I will appoint for you a place to which they may flee.
14 But if anyone acts presumptuously toward their neighbor, to kill with guile, you are to take them from My altar, that they may die.
15 And those who strike their father or their mother shall surely be put to death.
16 And they who kidnap anybody, to sell them – or if they are found in their possession, shall surely be put to death.
17 Those who curse their father or their mother shall surely be put to death.
18 And if any quarrel, and one strikes the other with a stone or with their fist, and they do not die but fall in bed,
19 if they rise and walk about on their staff, then the one who struck them shall be guiltless; only they shall pay for their loss of time, and shall care for them until they are thoroughly healed.
20 And if anyone strikes their male-servant or maidservant with a rod, and they die at their hand, they shall be punished.
21 If, however, they abide a day or two, they shall not be punished, for they are their money.
22 If anyone struggles with another and strikes a woman with child, so that she begets prematurely, yet there is no harm, they shall surely be fined as the woman’s husband shall set upon them, and they shall pay as judged.
23 But if there is harm, then you shall appoint life for life,
24 eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,
25 burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.
26 If anyone strikes the eye of their male-servant or maidservant, and it perish, they shall let them go free on account of their eye.
27 And if they knock out a tooth of their male-servant or maidservant, they shall let them go free on account of their tooth.
28 If an ox gores a man or a woman to death, the ox shall surely be stoned and its flesh shall not be eaten, but the owner of the ox shall be innocent.
29 But if the ox had gored in the recent past, and its owner had been warned, yet they did not confine it, and it kills a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned and its owner also shall be put to death.
30 But if a redemption price is set, then they shall pay for the redemption of their life; whatever is set upon them.
31 Whether it gores a son, or whether it gores a daughter, according to this judgment it shall be done unto them.
32 If the ox gores a male-servant or a maidservant, they shall give their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.
33 If anyone opens a pit, or digs a pit and does not cover it over, and an ox or an ass falls into it,
34 the owner of the pit shall make amends; they shall give money to its owner, and the dead shall become his.
35 And if anyone’s ox hurts another’s, so that it dies, then they shall sell the live ox and divide the money; and the dead also they shall divide.
36 Or if it is known that the ox had gored in the recent past, yet its owner did not confine it, they shall surely pay ox for ox, and the dead shall become theirs.

CHAPTER 22

If anyone steals an ox or a sheep and kills it or sells it, they shall pay five oxen for the ox and four sheep for the sheep.
2 If the thief is found while breaking in, and is struck so that they die, there will be no blood-guiltiness on their account.
3 If the sun has risen upon them, there will be blood-guiltiness on their account. They shall surely make restitution. If they own nothing, then they shall be sold for their theft.
4 If the stolen thing is indeed found alive in their possession, whether an ox or an ass or a sheep, they shall pay double.
5 If anyone causes a field or vineyard to be grazed, and set their cattle loose to graze in another’s field, they shall make restitution from the best of their own field, or from the best of their own vineyard.
6 If a fire breaks out and catches in the thorns, so that the stacked corn, or the standing corn, or the field is consumed, the one that kindled the fire shall surely make restitution.
7 If anyone gives money or things to their neighbor to guard, and it is stolen from that one’s house, if the thief is found, they shall pay double.
8 If the thief is not found, then the master of the house shall be brought before the judges, to see if they had not put their hands on their neighbor’s goods.
9 Every trespass – for ox, for ass, for sheep, for garments, or for anything lost, for which anyone says, ‘This is mine,’ the cause of both parties shall come before the judges, and whomever the judges condemn shall pay double to their neighbor.
10 If anyone gives their neighbor an ass, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to guard, and it dies or is hurt, or is driven away, and no one sees,
11 an oath before YEHOWAH shall be made by them both, that they had not laid hands upon their neighbor’s property, which its owner shall accept, and they shall not make restitution.
12 But if it is indeed stolen from them, they shall make restitution to its owner.
13 If it is all torn to pieces, let them bring it as evidence; they shall not make restitution for what has been torn to pieces.
14 If anyone borrows from their neighbor, and it is hurt or dies, its owner not being with it, they shall make restitution.
15 If its owner is with it, they shall not make restitution. If it is hired, it came for its hire.
16 If a man seduces a virgin who is not betrothed, and lies with her, he must endow her to be his wife.
17 If her father utterly refuses to give her to him, he shall pay money according to the dowry for virgins.
18 You shall not allow a sorceress to live.
19 Whoever lies with a beast shall surely be put to death.
20 Anyone who sacrifices to any elohim, other than to YEHOWAH alone, shall be utterly destroyed.
21 You shall not mistreat a stranger or oppress them, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt.
22 You shall not afflict any widow or orphan.
23 If you afflict them in any way, and they cry out to Me, I will surely hear their cry,
24 and My anger will be kindled, and I will kill you with the sword, and your wives shall become widows and your children fatherless.
25 If you lend money to My people; to the poor among you, you are not to be as a creditor to them, nor shall you charge them interest.
26 If you ever take your neighbor’s clothes as a pledge, you are to return it to them before the sun goes down,
27 for it is their only covering; it is the clothing for their skin. What else shall they sleep in? And it shall come to pass that when they cry out to Me, I will hear, for I am gracious.
28 You shall not curse Elohim, nor curse a ruler of your people.
29 You shall not delay the first fruits of your harvest or your vintage. The firstborn of your sons you shall give to Me;
30 so shall you do with your ox and your sheep: Seven days it shall be with its mother, on the eighth day you shall give it to Me.
31 You shall be holy people unto Me. You shall not eat flesh torn to pieces in the field; you shall cast it to the dogs.

CHAPTER 23

You shall not bear a false report; do not join your hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness.
2 You shall not follow the multitude in evil, nor shall you respond in a cause to distort with a multitude any perversion;
3 nor shall you be partial to the poor in their cause.*1
4 If you come upon your enemy’s ox or his ass going astray, you shall surely return it to them.
5 If you see the ass of one who hates you lying under its burden, you shall not abandon it to him; you shall surely loosen it with him.
6 You shall not distort the judgment of the poor in their cause.*1
7 Keep far from a false word, and do not kill the innocent or the righteous, for I will not justify the guilty.
8 You shall not take a bribe, for a bribe blinds the clear-sighted and subverts the words of the righteous.
9 You shall not oppress a stranger, for you know the soul of a stranger, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt.
10 For six years you shall sow your land and gather in its fruit,
11 but the seventh year you shall let it rest and lie fallow, that the poor of your people may eat. And what they leave, the beasts of the field may eat. In like manner you shall do to your vineyard and olive trees.
12 Six days you shall do your work, but on the seventh day you shall rest, that your ox and your ass may rest, and the son of your maidservant, as well as the stranger may be refreshed.
13 And you shall be on guard as to everything I have said to you, and do not mention the names of other elohim, nor let them be heard from your mouth.
14 Three times in the year you shall celebrate a feast unto Me.
15 You shall keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread; you shall eat unleavened bread for seven days, as I commanded you, at the appointed time in the month Abib, for in it you came out of Egypt. And none shall appear before Me empty.
16 And the Feast of the Harvest; the first fruits of your labors that you have sown in the field. And the Feast of the Ingathering at the end of the year, when you gather in your labors from the field.
17 Three times a year all your males shall appear before Master YEHOWAH.
18 You shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice with leavened bread; neither shall the fat of My feast remain all night until morning.
19 The first of the first fruits of your land you shall bring into the house of YEHOWAH your Elohim. You shall not boil a kid in its mother’s milk.
20 Behold, I send an angel before you to guard you on the way, and to bring you to the place that I have prepared.
21 Be on your guard before him, and obey his voice. Do not provoke him, for he will not pardon your transgression, for My Name is in him.
22 But if you indeed obey his voice and do all that I say, then I will be an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries.
23 For My angel will go before you and bring you to the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Canaanite, the Hivite and the Jebusite, and I will completely destroy them.
24 You shall not worship their elohim, nor serve them, nor do after their deeds, but you shall utterly overthrow them and utterly shatter their images.
25 But you shall serve YEHOWAH your Elohim, and He will bless your bread and your water, and I will remove sickness from your midst.
26 There shall be no one miscarrying, nor shall any be barren in your land, and I will fulfill the number of your days.
27 I will send My fear before you, and confound all the people among whom you come, and I will make all your enemies turn their backs to you.
28 And I will send hornets before you, to drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite from before you.
29 I will not drive them out from before you in a single year, lest the land become desolate and the beasts of the field multiply against you.
30 Little by little I will drive them out before you, until you are fruitful and take possession of the land.
31 I will set your boundaries from the Red Sea to the sea of the Philistines, and from the wilderness to the river, for I will give the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and you will drive them out before you.
32 You shall make no covenant with them or with their elohim.
33 They shall not dwell in your land, lest they make you sin against Me, for if you serve their elohim, it will surely be a snare to you.”

*1. We know that whenever Elohim repeats a message (within close proximity) that we are to pay close attention to that message, because He is asserting a point He wants thoroughly understood. It is important, therefore, that we note the message of 23:3 and 23:6, which command that we NOT GIVE PREFERENCE – in our judgments – TO THE POOR! The poor in our midst are to be treated with equal justice to all; not provided special treatment. Do you suppose this command is being followed throughout the world today, let alone within those nations that proclaim allegiance to HIM?

CHAPTER 24

And He said to Moses, “Come up to YEHOWAH, you and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel, and you shall worship from afar off.
2 Let Moses alone come near to YEHOWAH, but they shall not come near, neither shall the people come up with him.”
3 Then Moses came and recounted to the people all the words of YEHOWAH, and all the judgments, and all the people answered with one voice and said, “All the words that YEHOWAH has spoken will we do!”
4 And Moses wrote down all the words of YEHOWAH. Then he rose up early in the morning, and built an altar at the bottom of the mountain with twelve pillars for the twelve tribes of Israel.
5 And he sent the young men of the children of Israel, and they offered burnt offerings and sacrificed young bulls as peace offerings to YEHOWAH.
6 And Moses took half of the blood and put it in basins, and half of the blood he sprinkled on the altar.
7 And he took the book of the covenant and read it in the hearing of the people, and they said, “All that YEHOWAH has spoken we will do, and obey!”
8 And Moses took the blood and sprinkled it on the people, and said, “Behold, the blood of the covenant that YEHOWAH has made with you concerning all these words.”
9 And Moses went up with Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel,
10 and they saw the Elohim of Israel. And under His feet, as it were, a paved work of a sapphire stone, as clear as the sky itself.
11 And He did not stretch out His hand against the nobles of the children of Israel, and they saw Elohim, and ate and drank.
12 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Come up to Me on the mountain, and be there, and I will give you tablets of stone, with the law and the commandments, which I have written for their instruction.”
13 And Moses rose up, with Yehoshuwah his minister, and Moses went up to the mountain of Elohim.
14 And to the elders he said, “Wait here for us until we come again to you. And behold, Aaron and Hur are with you; if anyone has a matter, let them draw near to them.”
15 And Moses went up to the mountain, and the cloud covered the mountain.
16 And the glory of YEHOWAH dwelled on Mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it six days, and on the seventh day He called to Moses from the midst of the cloud.
17 And the appearance of the glory of YEHOWAH on the top of the mountain, in the eyes of the children of Israel, was like a consuming fire.
18 And Moses entered the midst of the cloud, and ascended the mountain, and Moses was on the mountain forty days and forty nights.

CHAPTER 25

And YEHOWAH spoke to Moses, saying,
2 “Speak to the children of Israel, that they take up a heave offering for Me; from everyone whose heart impels them you shall take up My heave offering.
3 And this is the heave offering that you are to raise from them: Gold, silver and copper;
4 blue, purple, scarlet and white linen; goat’s hair and
5 rams’ skins dyed red; badger skins; acacia wood;
6 oil for the lights; spices for the anointing oil and for the sweet incense;
7 onyx stones and stones to be set in the ephod and the breastplate.
8 And let them make for Me a sanctuary, that I may dwell among them.
9 According to all that I show you, the pattern of the tabernacle and the pattern of all the utensils; just so you shall make it.
10 And they shall make an ark of acacia wood, two and a half cubits long, and one and a half cubits wide, and one and a half cubits high.
11 And you shall overlay it with pure gold; inside and outside you shall overlay it, and you shall make a gold border molding around it.
12 And you shall cast four rings of gold for it, and fasten them to its four feet; two rings on one side of it and two rings on the other side of it.
13 And you shall make poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold.
14 You shall put the poles into the rings on the sides of the ark, to carry the ark with them.
15 The poles shall be in the rings of the ark; they shall not be taken away from it.
16 And you shall put into the ark the testimony that I shall give you.
17 And you shall make a mercy seat of pure gold, two and a half cubits long and one and a half cubits wide.
18 And you shall make two cherubim of gold; make them of beaten work at the two ends of the mercy seat.
19 Make one cherub at one end and one cherub at the other end of the mercy seat; you shall make the cherubim at its two ends.
20 And the cherubim shall stretch forth their wings upward, covering the mercy seat with their wings, as they face one another; the faces of the cherubim are to be toward the mercy seat.
21 And you shall put the mercy seat upon the ark, and in the ark you shall put the testimony that I will give to you.
22 And there I will meet with you, and I will speak to you from above the mercy seat; from between the two cherubim that are upon the ark of the testimony; everything that I will give you in commandment for the children of Israel.
23 You shall make a table of acacia wood, two cubits long and one cubit wide and a cubit and a half high.
24 And you shall overlay it with pure gold and make a gold border molding around it.
25 And you shall make for it a brim of a handbreadth around about, and you shall make a gold border molding for the brim around about.
26 You shall make four rings of gold for it and fasten the rings at the four corners that are at its four feet.
27 The rings shall be close to the brim as places for the poles to carry the table.
28 You shall make the poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold, so that the table may be carried with them.
29 And you shall make its dishes and its spoons and its cups and its pitchers from which to pour; you shall make them of pure gold.
30 And you shall set showbread upon the table before Me at all times.
31 And you shall make a lamp-stand of pure gold; a beaten work shall be the lamp-stand. Its base, its shaft, its cups, its wreaths and its flowers shall be of the same.
32 Six branches shall come out from its sides, three branches of the lamp-stand from one side and three branches of the lamp-stand from the other side.
33 Three cups, shaped like almonds, on one branch, with a wreath and a flower, and three cups, shaped like almonds, on the other branch, with a wreath and a flower; and so for the six branches coming out from the lamp-stand.
34 And in the lamp-stand four cups, shaped like almonds, with its wreaths and its flowers.
35 A wreath shall be under two branches of it, and a wreath under two branches of it, and a wreath under two branches of it, for the six branches coming out from the lamp-stand.
36 The wreaths and their branches shall be the same; all of it one beaten work of pure gold.
37 And you shall make its seven lamps, and they shall set its lamps to shed light on the space before it.
38 Its snuffers and fire pans of pure gold.
39 They shall make it from a talent of pure gold, with all these utensils.
40 And see that you make it after the pattern that was shown to you on the mountain.

CHAPTER 26

Moreover you shall make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined linen of blue and purple and scarlet; you shall make them with cherubim, the work of a cunning workman.
2 The length of each curtain shall be twenty-eight cubits, and the width of each curtain four cubits; one measure for all the curtains.
3 Five curtains shall be coupled one to another, and five curtains shall be coupled one to another.
4 You shall make loops of blue on the edge of the one curtain at the end of the coupling, and likewise you shall make them on the edge of the outermost curtain in the second coupling.
5 You shall make fifty loops on the one curtain, and you shall make fifty loops on the edge of the curtain that is in the second coupling; that the loops may take hold of each other.
6 And you shall make fifty pins of gold, and couple the curtains one to another with the pins, so that the tabernacle will be one.
7 And you shall make curtains of goats’ hair for a tent over the tabernacle; eleven curtains shall you make.
8 The length of one curtain shall be thirty cubits, and the width of one curtain four cubits; one measure for the eleven curtains.
9 You shall couple five curtains by themselves and six curtains by themselves, and you shall double the sixth curtain at the front of the tent.
10 You shall make fifty loops on the edge of the curtain that is outermost in the coupling, and fifty loops on the edge of the curtain in the second coupling.
11 And you shall make fifty pins of copper, and you shall put the pins into the loops and join the tent together so that it will be one.
12 And the remnant that remains in the curtains of the tent, the part of the curtain in excess, shall extend over the back of the tabernacle.
13 And the cubit on one side and the cubit on the other, of what remains in the length of the curtains of the tent, shall extend over the sides of the tabernacle on one side and on the other, to cover it.
14 You shall make a covering for the tent of rams’ skins dyed red and a covering of badger skins above.
15 And you shall make the boards for the tabernacle of acacia wood; yet standing.
16 Ten cubits the length of one board, and one and a half cubits the width of one board.
17 Two tenons for one board, fitted to one another; thus you shall do for all the boards of the tabernacle.
18 And you shall make the boards for the tabernacle; twenty boards for the southward side.
19 And you shall make forty sockets of silver under the twenty boards; two sockets under one board for its two tenons, and two sockets under another board for its two tenons.
20 And for the second side of the tabernacle, on the northward side, twenty boards,
21 and their forty sockets of silver; two sockets under one board and two sockets under another board.
22 For the rear of the tabernacle, westward, you shall make six boards.
23 And you shall make two boards for the corners of the tabernacle at the rear,
24 and they shall be coupled together beneath, and together they shall be coupled at the top to the first ring. Thus it shall be with both of them; they shall form the two corners.
25 And there shall be eight boards with their sockets of silver, sixteen sockets; two sockets under one board and two sockets under another board.
26 Then you shall make bolts of acacia wood, five for the boards of one side of the tabernacle,
27 and five bolts for the boards of the other side of the tabernacle, and five bolts for the boards of the side of the tabernacle at the rear, westward.
28 The middle bolt in the center of the boards shall pass through from end to end.
29 You shall overlay the boards with gold, and make their rings of gold as homes for the bolts, and you shall overlay the bolts with gold.
30 And you shall set up the tabernacle according to its manner, which you have been shown on the mountain.
31 And you shall make a veil of blue and purple and scarlet, of fine twined linen; it shall be made with cherubim, the work of a cunning workman.
32 You shall hang it on four pillars of acacia overlaid with gold; their pins gold, on four bases of silver.
33 And you shall hang the veil under the pins, and shall bring inside the veil the ark of the testimony, and the veil shall make for you a division between the holy and the most holy.
34 And you shall put the mercy seat on the ark of the testimony within the most holy.
35 And you shall set the table outside the veil, and the lamp-stand over against the table; on the side of the tabernacle southward, and you shall put the table on the north side.
36 You shall make a veil for the doorway of the tent of blue and purple and scarlet; fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer.
37 You shall make five pillars of acacia for the veil and overlay them with gold; their pins gold, and you shall cast five bases of copper for them.

CHAPTER 27

And you shall make the altar of acacia wood, five cubits long and five cubits wide; the altar shall be square, and its height shall be three cubits.
2 You shall make horns on its four corners; its horns shall be of one piece with it, and you shall overlay it with copper.
3 You shall make its pails to take away its ashes, and its shovels and its basins and its flesh pins and its fire pans; you shall make all its utensils of copper.
4 You shall make for it a grating; a network of copper, and on the net you shall make four copper rings at its four corners.
5 You shall put it below the ledge of the altar, underneath, so that the net will reach halfway up the altar.
6 You shall make poles for the altar; poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with copper.
7 Its poles shall be inserted into the rings, so that the poles shall be on the two sides of the altar when it is carried;
8 hollow, with boards, you shall make it, as it was shown to you on the mountain; so shall it be made.
9 And you shall make a court for the tabernacle. On the south side, southward, hangings for the court of fine twined linen; one hundred cubits long for one side;
10 and its twenty pillars, with their twenty sockets of copper; the pins of the pillars and their connecting-rods of silver.
11 And likewise for the north side in length; hangings one hundred long, and its twenty pillars with their twenty sockets of copper; the pins of the pillars and their connecting-rods of silver.
12 The width of the court on the west side, hangings of fifty cubits; their ten pillars and ten sockets.
13 The width of the court on the east side, eastward, fifty cubits.
14 The hangings for one side, fifteen cubits; the pillars three and their sockets three.
15 And for the other side, hangings of fifteen cubits; the pillars three and their sockets three.
16 And for the gate of the court, a veil of twenty cubits; of blue, purple, scarlet fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer; their pillars four and their sockets four.
17 All the pillars around the court shall be joined with silver; their pins of silver and their sockets of copper.
18 The length of the court, one hundred cubits, and the width fifty, everywhere. The height, five cubits of fine twined linen, and their sockets of copper.
19 All the utensils of the tabernacle, in all its service, and all its pegs, and all the pegs of the court; copper.
20 You shall command the children of Israel that they bring you pure oil of beaten olives for the light, to make the lamp burn continually.
21 In the tent of meeting, outside the veil, which is before the testimony, Aaron and his sons shall keep it in order from evening to morning before YEHOWAH; an everlasting statute throughout their generations for the children of Israel.

CHAPTER 28

And take to yourself Aaron your brother, and his sons with him, from among the children of Israel, that they may minister as priests to Me; Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s sons.
2 You shall make holy garments for Aaron your brother; for glory and for beauty.
3 And you shall speak to all the wise in heart whom I have filled with The Spirit of wisdom, that they make Aaron’s garments to sanctify him, that he may minister as priest to Me.
4 And these are the garments that they shall make: A breastplate, an ephod, a robe, a checkered tunic, a turban and a belt. And they shall make holy garments for Aaron your brother and his sons, that he may minister unto Me as priest.
5 They shall take gold, blue, purple and scarlet fine twined linen,
6 and they shall make the ephod of the gold, blue, purple and scarlet fine twined linen; the work of a cunning workman.
7 It shall have two shoulder-pieces joined to its two ends, that it may be joined.
8 The interlacing girdle, which is on it, shall be the same, according to its work of gold, blue, purple and scarlet fine twined linen.
9 And you shall take two onyx stones and engrave on them the names of the sons of Israel;
10 six of their names on one stone, and the names of the remaining six on the other stone, according to their birth.
11 As an engraver of stone engraves a signet, you shall engrave the two stones with the names of the sons of Israel, and you shall make for them surrounding settings of gold.
12 And you shall put the two stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod; stones of memorial for the sons of Israel. And Aaron shall bear their names before YEHOWAH upon his two shoulders for a memorial.
13 And you shall make settings of gold,
14 and two chains of pure gold at the ends; of corded work you shall make them, and you shall fasten the corded chains to the settings.
15 And you shall make the breastplate of judgment, the work of a cunning workman; like the work of the ephod you shall make it of gold, blue, purple and scarlet fine twined linen.
16 It shall be square, doubled, a span in length and a span in width.
17 You shall mount on it settings of stones; four rows of stones: One row, sardius, topaz and emerald – the first row,
18 and the second row a garnet, a sapphire and a diamond,
19 and the third row an opal, an agate and an amethyst,
20 and the fourth row a beryl, an onyx and a jasper; they shall be set in gold settings.
21 And the stones shall be according to the names of the sons of Israel – twelve, according to their names, engraved as a seal; every one according to his name shall they be, for the twelve tribes.
22 And you shall make on the breastplate chains of wreathed work in pure gold.
23 And you shall make on the breastplate two rings of gold, and shall put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate.
24 And you shall put the two chains of wreathed gold in the two rings at the ends of the breastplate,
25 and the other two ends of the two wreathed chains you shall fasten to the two settings, and put them on the shoulder pieces of the ephod, at the front of it.
26 And you shall make two rings of gold and shall place them on the two ends of the breastplate; on the edge of it, which faces the inner side of the ephod.
27 And you shall make two rings of gold and put them on the bottom of the two shoulder pieces of the ephod, on the front of it by the coupling thereof, above the interlacing girdle of the ephod.
28 And they shall bind the breastplate by its rings to the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, so that it will be above the interlacing girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate will not be loosed from the ephod.
29 And Aaron shall bear the names of the sons of Israel in the breastplate of judgment over his heart when he goes into the holy place, for a memorial before YEHOWAH continually.
30 And you shall put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim, and they shall be over Aaron’s heart when he goes in before YEHOWAH, and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the sons of Israel over his heart before YEHOWAH continually.
31 And you shall make the robe of the ephod all of blue.
32 There shall be an opening in the top of it, in the middle, and around the opening there shall be a binding of woven work, like the opening of a coat of mail, so that it will not tear.
33 And upon the hem of it you shall make pomegranates of blue and purple and scarlet; round about on its hem, and bells of gold between them round about;
34 a golden bell and a pomegranate, a golden bell and a pomegranate, round about on the hem of the robe.
35 And it shall be on Aaron when he ministers, and its sound shall be heard when he enters and leaves the holy place before YEHOWAH, so that he will not die.
36 And you shall make a plate of pure gold and shall engrave on it, like the engravings of a seal, ‘Holy to YEHOWAH.’
37 And you shall put it on a lace of blue, and it shall be on the turban; it shall be at the front of the turban.
38 And it shall be on Aaron’s forehead, and Aaron shall bear the iniquity of the holy things, which the children of Israel dedicate, with all their holy gifts. And it shall always be on his forehead, that they may be accepted before YEHOWAH.
39 And you shall weave the tunic of checkered work, of fine linen, and shall make the turban of fine linen, and you shall make a belt, the work of an embroiderer.
40 For Aaron’s sons you shall make tunics, you shall also make belts for them, and you shall make caps for them; for glory and for beauty.
41 You shall put them on Aaron your brother and on his sons with him, and you shall anoint them and fully empower them, and sanctify them, that they may serve Me as priests.
42 And you shall make for them linen breeches to cover the nakedness of their flesh; they shall reach from the loins even to the thighs.
43 And they shall be on Aaron and on his sons when they enter the tent of meeting, or when they come near the altar to minister in the sanctuary, that they may not bear iniquity and die. It shall be an everlasting statute for him and his seed after him.

CHAPTER 29

And this is the thing you shall do to them to sanctify them to minister as priests to Me: Take one young bull and two rams without blemish,
2 and unleavened bread and unleavened cakes mingled with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil; you shall make them of fine wheat flour.
3 And you shall put them into one basket, and present them in the basket along with the bull and the two rams.
4 And you shall bring Aaron and his sons to the doorway of the tent of meeting, and shall bathe them with water.
5 And you shall take the garments, and put upon Aaron the tunic, and the robe of the ephod, and the ephod, and the breastplate, and gird him with the interlacing girdle of the ephod,
6 and you shall set the turban on his head, and put the holy crown on the turban.
7 Then you shall take the anointing oil and pour it on his head and anoint him.
8 And you shall bring his sons and put tunics on them,
9 and you shall gird them with belts; Aaron and his sons, and bind the caps on them, and the priesthood shall be theirs for a perpetual statute. And so shall you ordain Aaron and his sons.
10 And you shall bring the bull before the tent of meeting, and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands upon the head of the bull,
11 and you shall slaughter the bull before YEHOWAH at the doorway of the tent of meeting.
12 And you shall take of the blood of the bull, and put it on the horns of the altar with your finger, and you shall pour out all the blood at the base of the altar.
13 You shall take all the fat that covers the bowels and the tip of the liver, and the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, and offer them up in smoke on the altar.
14 But the flesh of the bull, and its hide, and its dung, you shall burn with fire outside the camp; it is a sin offering.
15 You shall also take one ram, and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands upon the head of the ram,
16 and you shall slaughter the ram, and shall take its blood and sprinkle it around on the altar.
17 And you shall cut the ram into its pieces, and wash its bowels and its legs, and put them with its pieces and its head,
18 and you shall offer the whole ram upon the altar; it is a burnt offering to YEHOWAH; it is a sweet scent, an offering by fire to YEHOWAH.
19 And you shall take the other ram, and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands upon the head of the ram,
20 and you shall slaughter the ram, and take of its blood and put it on the tip of Aaron’s right ear and on the tips of the right ears of his sons’, and on the thumbs of their right hands, and on the big toes of their right feet, and sprinkle the blood upon the altar around about.
21 And you shall take of the blood that is on the altar, and of the anointing oil, and sprinkle Aaron and his garments, and his sons and his sons’ garments with him, so he and his garments shall be sanctified, as well as his sons and his sons’ garments with him.
22 And you shall also take from the ram the fat, and the fat tail, and the fat that covers the bowels and the tip of the liver, and the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, and the right shoulder, for it is a ram of consecration,
23 and one loaf of bread, and one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer from the basket of unleavened bread, which is before YEHOWAH,
24 and you shall put all in the hands of Aaron and in the hands of his sons, and shall wave them as a wave offering before YEHOWAH.
25 And you shall take them from their hands, and burn upon the altar the burnt offering, for a sweet scent before YEHOWAH; it is an offering by fire to YEHOWAH.
26 And you shall take the breast of Aaron’s ram of consecration, and wave it as a wave offering before YEHOWAH, and it shall be your portion.
27 You shall sanctify the breast of the wave offering and the shoulder of the heave offering that was waved and that was heaved up from the ram of consecration, from the one that was for Aaron and from the one that was for his sons.
28 It shall be for Aaron and his sons as a statute forever from the children of Israel, for it is a heave offering, and it shall be a heave offering from the children of Israel, from the sacrifices of their peace offerings; their heave offering to YEHOWAH.
29 The holy garments of Aaron shall be his sons after him, to be anointed in them, and to be consecrated in them.
30 And the son that is priest in his stead shall put them on for seven days, when he comes into the tent of meeting to minister in the holy place.
31 And you shall take the ram of consecration and boil its flesh in a holy place.
32 And Aaron and his sons shall eat the flesh of the ram, and the bread that is in the basket, at the entrance of the tent of meeting.
33 Thus they shall eat those things by which atonement was made, to consecrate and sanctify them, but a stranger shall not eat, because they are holy.
34 If any of the flesh of consecration or any of the bread remains until morning, then you shall burn the remainder with fire; it shall not be eaten, for it is holy.
35 Thus you shall do to Aaron and to his sons, according to all that I have commanded you; seven days you shall consecrate them.
36 You shall offer each day a bull as a sin offering for atonement, and you shall purify the altar when you make atonement for it, and you shall anoint it to sanctify it.
37 For seven days you shall make atonement for the altar and sanctify it, then the altar will be most holy; whatsoever touches the altar shall be holy.
38 Now this is what you shall offer upon the altar: Two lambs, one year old, each day, continuously.
39 The one lamb you shall offer in the morning, and the other lamb you shall offer at dusk,
40 and with the one lamb, one-tenth part of flour mixed with one-fourth of a hin of beaten oil, and one-fourth of a hin of wine for a drink offering.
41 The other lamb you shall offer at dusk, and shall do according to the meat offering of the morning, and according to the drink offering, for a sweet scent; an offering by fire to YEHOWAH.
42 It shall be a continual burnt offering throughout your generations at the entrance of the tent of meeting before YEHOWAH, where I will meet with you, to speak there with you.
43 I will meet there with the children of Israel, and it shall be sanctified by My glory.
44 And I will sanctify the tent of meeting and the altar. I will also sanctify Aaron and his sons to minister as priests to Me,
45 and I will dwell among the children of Israel and will be their Elohim,
46 and they shall know that I am YEHOWAH their Elohim Who brought them out of the land of Egypt, that I might dwell among them. I am YEHOWAH their Elohim.

CHAPTER 30

And you shall make an altar for the burning of incense; of acacia wood you shall make it;
2 a cubit the length thereof, and a cubit its breadth; it shall be square, and two cubits its height, and of one piece with it shall be its horns.
3 You shall overlay it with pure gold; its top and its sides round about, and its horns, and you shall make for it a fold border molding round about.
4 And two golden rings you shall make for it under its crown, by its two corners you shall make them, on the two sides of it, and they shall be places for the poles with which to carry it.
5 And you shall make the poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold.
6 And you shall put it before the veil that is by the ark of the testimony, before the mercy seat that is over the testimony, where I will meet with you.
7 And Aaron shall burn sweet incense on it every morning. When he dresses the lamps he shall burn incense upon it.
8 And when Aaron dresses the lamps at dusk, he shall burn incense; a continual incense before YEHOWAH throughout your generations.
9 You shall offer no strange incense on it, or burnt offering or meat offering; nor shall you pour a drink offering upon it.
10 And Aaron shall make atonement upon the horns of it once a year; with the blood of the sin offering of atonement he shall make atonement upon it once a year throughout your generations. It is most holy to YEHOWAH.”
11 And YEHOWAH spoke to Moses, saying,
12 “When you take a census of the children of Israel, according to those that are numbered, then shall each one of them give a ransom for their soul to YEHOWAH; when you number them, so that there will be no plague among them when you number them.
13 This shall they give: Every one that passes among them that is numbered, half a shekel, after the shekel of the sanctuary (a shekel is twenty gerahs); half a shekel as an offering to YEHOWAH.
14 Everyone who passes among them, who is numbered, from twenty years old and over, shall give the offering to YEHOWAH.
15 The rich shall not give more and the poor shall not give less than the half shekel; when you give the offering to YEHOWAH, to make atonement for yourselves.
16 You shall take the atonement money from the children of Israel, and shall give it for the service of the tent of meeting, that it may be a memorial for the children of Israel before YEHOWAH; to make atonement for yourselves.”
17 And YEHOWAH spoke to Moses, saying,
18 “You shall also make a washbowl of copper, with its base of copper, for washing, and you shall put it between the tent of meeting and the altar, and you shall put water in it,
19 and Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet from it.
20 When they enter the tent of meeting, they shall wash with water, so that they will not die; or when they approach the altar to minister; to burn an offering by fire to YEHOWAH.
21 And so they shall wash their hands and their feet, that they may not die, and it shall be a perpetual statute for them; for Aaron and his seed throughout their generations.”
22 Moreover, YEHOWAH spoke to Moses, saying,
23 “And you, take the finest of spices: Of pure myrrh, five hundred; and of sweet cinnamon, half as much, two hundred and fifty; and of sweet calamus, two hundred and fifty;
24 and of cassia, five hundred, according to the shekel of the sanctuary, and of olive oil, a hin.
25 And you shall make of these a holy anointing oil; a perfume compound; the work of a perfumer, it shall be a holy anointing oil.
26 And you shall anoint the tent of meeting and the ark of the testimony,
27 and the table and all its utensils, and the lamp-stand and its utensils, and the altar of incense,
28 and the altar of burnt offering, and all its utensils, and the washbowl and its stand.
29 And you shall also sanctify them, that they may be most holy; whatever touches them shall be holy.
30 You shall anoint Aaron and his sons, and sanctify them, that they may minister as priests to Me.
31 And you shall speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘This shall be a holy anointing oil to Me throughout your generations.
32 Upon human flesh it shall not be poured, nor shall you make like it in the same composition; it is holy, and it shall be holy to you.
33 Whoever shall compound any like it, or whoever pours any of it on a stranger, will be cut off from his people.'”
34 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “You, also take sweet stacte and onycha and galbanum; sweet spices, and pure frankincense; there shall be equal parts of each.
35 And you shall make it into incense; a perfume, the work of a perfumer; tempered together, pure, holy.
36 You shall beat some of it very small, and put it before the testimony in the tent of meeting, where I will meet with you; it shall be most holy to you.
37 And the incense that you shall make, you shall not make in the same composition for yourselves; it shall be holy to you for YEHOWAH.
38 Whoever shall make like it, to smell, will be cut off from his people.”

CHAPTER 31

And YEHOWAH spoke to Moses, saying,
2 “See, I have called by name Bezaleel, the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Yehudah,
3 for I have filled him with The Spirit of Elohim in wisdom, in understanding, in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship,
4 to fabricate cunning works; works in gold, in silver, and in copper,
5 and in the cutting of stones, for settings, and in the carving of wood; to work in all manner of workmanship.
6 And behold, I Myself have appointed with him Oholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan; and in the hearts of all who are wise-hearted I have put wisdom, that they may make all that I have commanded you:
7 The tent of meeting, and the ark of testimony, and the mercy seat upon it, and all the furniture of the tent,
8 and the table and its utensils, and the pure lamp-stand with all its utensils, and the altar of incense,
9 and the altar of burnt offering with all its utensils, and the washbowl and its stand,
10 and the clothes of service; the holy clothing for Aaron the priest, and the clothing for his sons, to carry on their priesthood,
11 and the anointing oil, and the fragrant incense for the holy place; they are to make according to all that I have commanded you.”
12 And YEHOWAH spoke to Moses, saying,
13 “And you, speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘You shall surely keep My Sabbaths as a sign between Me and you throughout your generations, that you may know that I am YEHOWAH Who sanctifies you.
14 Keep the Sabbath, therefore, for it is holy to you. Everyone who profanes it shall surely be put to death, for whoever does work on it, that person will be cut off from among his people.
15 Six days may work be done, but on the seventh day is a Sabbath of rest; holy to YEHOWAH. Whoever does any work on the Sabbath day shall surely be put to death.
16 And the children of Israel shall keep the Sabbath, to celebrate the Sabbath throughout their generations, as a perpetual covenant.
17 It is a sign between Me and the children of Israel forever; for in six days YEHOWAH made heaven and earth, but on the seventh day He rested, and was refreshed.'”
18 And He gave to Moses, when He had finished speaking with him upon Mount Sinai, the two tablets of testimony; tablets of stone, written with the finger of Elohim.*1

*1. Please see Exodus 34:1, where Moses was commanded to cut out two blank tablets of stone (to replace these original tablets, which Elohim Personally made and engraved). The question we might ask is, “Why two sets of tablets; one made Personally by Elohim, and the second set made by man?”

CHAPTER 32

And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, the people assembled around Aaron and said to him, “Come, make us elohim who will go before us, for this Moses, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him.”
2 And Aaron said to them, “Tear in pieces the gold rings that are in the ears of your wives, your sons and your daughters, and bring to me.”
3 And all the people tore in pieces the gold rings that were in their ears and brought to Aaron.
4 And he took from their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool, and made it into a molten calf. And they said, “This is your elohim, O Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt.”
5 Now when Aaron saw, he built an altar before it, and Aaron made a proclamation and said, “Tomorrow, feast unto YEHOWAH.”*1
6 So they rose early the next day and offered burnt offerings, and brought peace offerings, and the people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to play.
7 Then YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Run down now, for your people, whom you brought up from the land of Egypt, are corrupt.
8 They have turned aside quickly from the way that I commanded them. They have made for themselves a molten calf, and have bowed down to it, and have sacrificed to it and said, ‘This is your elohim, O Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt!'”
9 YEHOWAH said to Moses, “I have seen this people, and behold, they are a stiff-necked people.
10 Now therefore, let Me alone, that My anger may burn against them and that I may utterly destroy them; and I will make of you a great nation.”
11 Then Moses entreated before YEHOWAH his Elohim, and said, “O YEHOWAH, why does Your wrath burn against Your people whom You have brought out from the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand?
12 Why should the Egyptians speak, and say, ‘For evil He brought them out, to kill them in the mountains, and to utterly destroy them from the face of the earth’? Turn from Your fierce wrath and repent of this evil against Your people.
13 Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, Your servants, to whom You swore by Yourself, and said to them, ‘I will multiply your seed as the stars of heaven, and all this land of which I have spoken I will give to your seed; and they shall inherit it forever.'”
14 So YEHOWAH repented about the evil that He thought to do to His people.
15 And Moses turned and went down from the mountain, and the two tablets of the testimony in his hand; tablets that were written on both sides; they were written on one side and the other.
16 The tablets were Elohim’s work, and the writing was Elohim’s writing; engraved on the tablets.
17 And when Yehoshuwah heard the sound of the people as they shouted, he said to Moses, “There is a sound of war in the camp.”
18 But he said, “It is not the sound of the shout of victory, nor is it the sound of the shout of defeat, it is the sound of singing I hear.”
19 And it came to pass, when Moses came near the camp, that he saw the calf and the dancing, and Moses’ anger burned, and he cast the tablets out of his hands and shattered them at the foot of the mountain.
20 And he took the calf that they had made and burned it with fire, and ground it to powder, and dispersed it over the surface of the water, and made the children of Israel drink.
21 Then Moses said to Aaron, “What did this people do to you, that you have brought such great sin upon them?”
22 And Aaron said, “Let not the anger of my lord burn. You know the people, that they are prone to evil,
23 for they said to me, ‘Make elohim for us who will go before us; for this Moses, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him.’
24 I said to them, ‘Whoever has any gold, let them tear it in pieces.’ So they gave to me, and I cast it into the fire, and out came this calf.”
25 And when Moses saw that the people were unrestrained, for Aaron had let them shamefully rise up without restrain,
26 Moses stood in the gate of the camp, and said, “Whoever is for YEHOWAH; to me!” And all the sons of Levi gathered to him.
27 And he said to them, “Thus says YEHOWAH, the Elohim of Israel, ‘Take every man, his sword from his side, and go back and forth from gate to gate in the camp, and kill every man his brother, and every man his friend, and every man his neighbor.'”
28 And the sons of Levi did according to the word of Moses, and there fell of the people that day about three thousand men.
29 And Moses said, “Consecrate yourselves today to YEHOWAH. Yes, every man with his son and with his brother, that He may bestow upon you a blessing this day.”
30 And it came to pass on the next day, Moses said to the people, “You have sinned a great sin! And now I am going up to YEHOWAH, perhaps I can make atonement for your sin.”
31 And Moses returned to YEHOWAH, and said, “Oh, this people has sinned a great sin, and they have made elohim of gold for themselves.
32 Yet now, if You will, forgive their sin; and if not, please blot me out from Your book, which You have written!”
33 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Whoever has sinned against Me, I will blot out of My book.
34 Go now, lead the people where I told you. Behold, My angel will go before you, but in the day when I visit, I will visit their sin upon them.”
35 And YEHOWAH plagued the people, because they made the calf, which Aaron made.

*1. Aaron knew that he was being appointed as ‘priest’, and his sons as well. And yet, this first ‘priest’ of YEHOWAH still fell prey to Satan, and created an idol that caused his ‘parishioners’ to sin. Our message today, from this and many other similar incidents within Scripture, is that we ALWAYS TEST the spirit; test the message, and NEVER blindly follow any priest or pastor. Why? Because they are only HUMAN, whereas YEHOWAH, and His Son, YEHOSHUA, are ELOHIM, and therefore, Trustworthy without fail…

CHAPTER 33

And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Depart, go up from here, you and the people whom you have brought up from the land of Egypt, into the land of which I swore to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, saying, ‘To your seed I will give it.’
2 I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite and the Jebusite,
3 to a land flowing with milk and honey, for I will not go up in your midst, because you are a stiff-necked people, and I might destroy you on the way.”
4 And when the people heard these evil tidings, they mourned, and none of them put on their ornaments.
5 For YEHOWAH had said to Moses, “Say to the children of Israel, ‘you are a stiff-necked people; I would come up into the midst of you in a moment, and would consume you. Therefore, put off your ornaments from you, that I may know what I shall do with you.'”
6 So the children of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments at Mount Horeb.
7 And Moses took the tent and pitched it outside the camp; far from the camp, and he called it the tent of meeting. And it came to pass that everyone who sought YEHOWAH would go out to the tent of meeting, which was outside the camp.
8 And whenever Moses went out to the tent, all the people would rise up and stand, each at the entrance of their tent, and they looked after Moses until he entered the tent.
9 And whenever Moses entered the tent, the pillar of cloud descended and stood at the entrance of the tent, and YEHOWAH would speak with Moses.
10 And when the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance of the tent, all the people would rise and worship; each at the entrance of their tent.
11 And YEHOWAH spoke to Moses face to face, as a man speaks to his friend. And he returned to the camp, but his servant Yehoshuwah, the son of Nun, a young man, would not depart from the tent.
12 And Moses said to YEHOWAH, “See, You say to me, ‘Bring up this people!’ But You have not let me know whom You will send with me. And You have said, ‘I have known you by name, and you have also found favor in My sight.’
13 Now therefore, I pray You, if I have found favor in Your sight, let me know Your ways that I may know You, so that I may find favor in Your sight, and consider, that this nation is Your people.”
14 And He said, “My presence will go with you, and I will give you rest.”
15 Then he said to Him, “If Your presence does not go with us, do not lead us up from here.
16 For how shall it be known that I have found favor in Your sight; I and Your people? Is it not by Your going with us? So shall we, I and Your people, be distinguished from all the people who are upon the face of the earth.”
17 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “I will do this thing of which you have spoken, for you have found favor in My sight, and I have known you by name.”
18 And he said, “I pray You, show me Your glory!”
19 And He said, “I will make all My goodness pass before you, and will proclaim the name of YEHOWAH before you, and I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show compassion on whom I will show compassion.”
20 But He said, “You cannot see My face, for there shall no man see Me and live!”
21 And YEHOWAH said, “Behold, there is a place by Me, and you shall stand on the rock,
22 and it will come to pass, while My glory is passing by, that I will put you in the cleft of the rock, and cover you with My hand, until I have passed by.
23 And I will take away My hand, and you will see My back, but My face shall not be seen.”

CHAPTER 34

And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Hew out for yourself two stone tablets like the former ones, and I will write upon the tablets the words that were on the former tablets, which you shattered.*1
2 And be ready by morning, and come up in the morning to Mount Sinai, and present yourself there to Me on the top of the mountain.
3 No one is to come up with you, nor let anyone be seen anywhere on the mountain; neither shall the flocks or the herds graze before that mountain.”
4 And he hewed two tablets of stone, like the former ones, and Moses rose up early in the morning and went up to Mount Sinai, as YEHOWAH had commanded him. And he took in his hand two stone tablets.
5 And YEHOWAH descended in the cloud and stood there by him, and proclaimed the Name of YEHOWAH.
6 And YEHOWAH crossed over before him and proclaimed, “YEHOWAH, YEHOWAH El; compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in loving-kindness and truth;
7 Who keeps loving-kindness for thousands; Who forgives iniquity, transgression and sin, but Who by no means will leave unpunished, visiting the iniquity of fathers upon the children, and upon the children’s children, to the third and fourth generations.”
8 And Moses made haste, and bowed his head toward the earth, and worshiped.
9 And he said, “If now I have found favor in Your sight, O Master, I pray thee, go among us, even though we are a stiff-necked people, and pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us as Your possession.”
10 And He said, “Behold, I make a covenant: Before all your people I will do wondrous things, which have not been created in all the earth, nor among any of the nations, and all the people among whom you live will see the work of YEHOWAH, for it is a fearful thing that I am going to do with you.
11 Observe what I command you this day. Behold, I am going to drive out the Amorite before you, and the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite and the Jebusite.
12 Take heed to yourself, that you make no covenant with the inhabitants of the land to which you go, unless it become a snare in your midst.
13 But you are to tear down their altars, and crush their pillars, and cut down their Asherah,
14 (for you shall not worship any other el, for YEHOWAH, Whose Name is Jealous, is a jealous El)
15 lest you make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, and they whore after their elohim, and sacrifice to their elohim, and invite you, and you eat of his sacrifice,
16 and you take of their daughters for your sons, and their daughters play the whore with their elohim, and cause your sons to play the whore with their elohim.
17 You shall make for yourself no molten elohim.
18 The Feast of Unleavened Bread shall you keep. For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you; at the appointed time in the month of Abib, for in the month of Abib you came out of Egypt.
19 Every first-born is Mine, and all your male livestock, and every first-ling of your cattle and sheep.
20 But the first-ling from an ass you shall redeem with a lamb, and if you do not redeem it, then you shall break its neck. You shall redeem all the firstborn of your sons. None shall appear before Me empty.
21 Six days shall you work, but on the seventh day you shall rest; in time of plowing and in time of harvest you shall rest.
22 You shall keep the Feast of Weeks; of the first fruits of the wheat harvest, and the Feast of Ingathering at the turn of the year.
23 Three times a year shall all your male children appear before Master YEHOWAH, Elohim of Israel.
24 For I will drive out nations before you, and enlarge your borders, and no man shall desire your land, when you go up three times a year to appear before YEHOWAH your Elohim.
25 You shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice with leavened bread, nor is the sacrifice of the Feast of the Passover to be left until the morning.
26 You shall bring the very first of the first-fruits of your soil into the house of YEHOWAH your Elohim. You shall not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk.”
27 And YEHOWAH said to Moses, “Write down these words, for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.”
28 So he was there with YEHOWAH forty days and forty nights; he did neither eat bread, nor drink water. And he wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant; the Ten Commandments.
29 And it came to pass, when Moses was coming down from Mount Sinai (and the two tablets of the testimony were in Moses’ hand, as he was coming down from the mountain), that Moses knew not that the skin of his face shone through his talking with Him.
30 And when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face shone, and they were afraid to come near him.
31 Then Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the rulers in the assembly returned to him, and Moses spoke with them.
32 And afterward all the children of Israel came near, and he gave them in command everything that YEHOWAH had spoken with him on Mount Sinai.
33 And when Moses had ended speaking with them, he put a veil over his face.
34 But whenever Moses went in before YEHOWAH to speak with Him, he would take the veil off, until he came out, and whenever he came out and spoke to the children of Israel, what he had been commanded,
35 the children of Israel would see the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses’ face shone. So Moses would put back the veil over his face, until he went in to speak with Him.

*1. Earlier, we saw that Elohim Personally made and engraved the two tablets of the testimony, but here, in 34:1, we see Moses being commanded to make two more blank tablets, and take them to the mountain top, where Elohim will once again engrave the tablets.
Have you ever wondered why two sets of tablets? And please remember that the first set was smashed to pieces, by Moses, at the foot of Mt. Sanai; at the foot of the mountain.
Could these two sets of tablets represent our natural birth, made in the womb by the very hand of Elohim, and the second set made at the foot of His throne, when we smash the law of ordinances, and become reborn – to a second (new) life in submission to, and acknowledgement of HIM? And once reborn, we present ourselves to Him, at His feet, where He engraves our hearts with His Law of Love, Grace and Mercy?

CHAPTER 35

And Moses gathered together all the assembly of the children of Israel, and said to them, “These are the things that YEHOWAH has commanded to do:
2 Six days shall work be done, but on the seventh day you shall have a holy day; a Sabbath of complete rest to YEHOWAH. Whoever does any work on it shall be put to death.
3 You shall kindle no fire in any of your dwellings on the Sabbath day.”
4 And Moses spoke to all the assembly of the children of Israel, saying, “This is the thing that YEHOWAH has commanded, saying,
5 ‘Take from among you an offering to YEHOWAH; whoever is of a willing heart, let him bring it as YEHOWAH’S offering; gold, silver, and copper;
6 and blue, and purple and scarlet and fine linen; and goats’ hair;
7 and rams’ skins dyed red; and badger skins; and acacia wood;
8 and oil for the light; and spices for the anointing oil, and for the fragrant incense;
9 and onyx stones and setting stones for the ephod, and for the breastplate.
10 And all who are wise-hearted shall come, and make all that YEHOWAH has commanded:
11 The tabernacle, its tent and its covering, its pins and its boards, its bolts, its pillars, and its sockets;
12 the ark and its poles, the mercy seat, and the veil of covering;
13 the table and its poles, and all its utensils, and the showbread;
14 the lamp-stand also for the light, and its utensils, and its lamps, and the oil for the light;
15 and the altar of incense and its poles, and the anointing oil, and the fragrant incense, and the screen for the doorway at the entrance of the tabernacle;
16 the altar of burnt offering with its copper grating, its poles, and all its utensils; the basin and its stand;
17 and the hangings of the court, its pillars and its sockets, and the screen for the gate of the court;
18 the pegs of the tabernacle, and the pegs of the court, and their cords;
19 the woven clothing for ministering in the holy place; the holy clothing for Aaron the priest, and the clothing of his sons, to minister as priests.'”
20 Then all the assembly of the children of Israel departed from Moses’ presence.
21 Everyone whose heart stirred him, and everyone whose spirit moved him, came and brought an offering unto YEHOWAH; for the work of the tent of meeting, and for all its service, and for the holy garments.
22 Then all whose hearts moved them, both men and women, came and brought brooches and earrings and signet rings and bracelets; all articles of gold; every man who presented an offering, presented gold to YEHOWAH.
23 Every man, who had in his possession blue and purple and scarlet and fine linen, and goats’ hair and rams’ skins dyed red, and badger skins, brought them.
24 Everyone who could make an offering of silver and copper brought YEHOWAH’S offering, and every man who had in his possession acacia wood for any work of the service brought it.
25 All the skilled women spun with their hands, and brought what they had spun; blue and purple and scarlet and fine linen.
26 And all the women whose heart stirred with a skill spun the goats’ hair.
27 And the rulers brought the onyx stones, and the stones for setting for the ephod, and for the breastplate;
28 and the spice and the oil for the light, and for the anointing oil, and for the fragrant incense.
29 The children of Israel; all the men and women whose heart moved them to bring, for all the work which YEHOWAH had commanded through Moses to be done, brought a freewill offering to YEHOWAH.
30 And Moses said to the children of Israel, “See, YEHOWAH has called by name Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Yehudah,
31 and He has filled him with the Spirit of Elohim, in wisdom, in understanding and in knowledge, and in all workmanship,
32 to make designs for working in gold and in silver and in copper,
33 and in the cutting of stones for settings, and in the carving of wood; so as to perform in every inventive work.
34 He also has put in his heart to teach; both he and Oholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan.
35 He has filled them with wisdom of heart to perform every work of an engraver, and of a designer, and of an embroiderer, in blue and in purple and in scarlet, and in fine linen, and of a embroiderer; as performers of every work and makers of designs.

CHAPTER 36

Then worked Bezaleel and Oholiab, and every wise-hearted person in whom YEHOWAH had put wisdom and understanding, to know how to perform all the work in the construction of the sanctuary, in accordance with all that YEHOWAH has commanded.”
2 And Moses called Bezaleel and Oholiab and every wise-hearted person in whom YEHOWAH had put wisdom; everyone whose heart stirred him, to come to the work to perform it.
3 And they received from Moses all the offerings which the children of Israel had brought, to perform the work in the construction of the sanctuary. And they brought yet to him freewill offerings every morning.
4 And all the wise-hearted men who were performing all the work of the sanctuary came, each from the work that he was performing,
5 and they spoke to Moses saying, “The people are bringing much more than enough for the construction work, which YEHOWAH commanded to perform.”
6 And Moses gave command, and they caused it to be proclaimed throughout the camp, saying, “Let no man or woman any longer perform work for the offering to the sanctuary.” Thus the people were restrained from bringing,
7 for the material they had was sufficient for all the work to do; and it was more than enough.
8 And every wise-hearted man among those who were performing the work of the tabernacle, made ten curtains of fine twined linen and blue and purple and scarlet, with cherubim, the work of cunning workmen.
9 The length of each curtain was twenty-eight cubits, and the width of each curtain four cubits; the curtains were all of one measurement.
10 And Bezaleel joined five curtains to one another, and the other five curtains he joined one to another.
11 He made loops of blue on the edge of the outermost curtain in the first set; he did likewise on the edge of the outermost curtain in the second set.
12 And he made fifty loops in the one curtain, and he made fifty loops on the edge of the curtain that was in the second set; the loops were opposite each other.
13 And he made fifty pins of gold and joined the curtains to one another with the pins, so the tabernacle was a unit.
14 Then he made curtains of goats’ hair for a tent over the tabernacle; he made eleven curtains in all.
15 The length of each curtain was thirty cubits, and four cubits the width of each curtain; the eleven curtains had the same measurements.
16 He joined five curtains by themselves, and six curtains by themselves.
17 Moreover, he made fifty loops on the edge of the outermost curtain in the first set, and he made fifty loops on the edge of the outermost curtain in the second set,
18 and he made fifty pins of copper to join the tent together, so that it would be a unit.
19 He then made a covering for the tent of rams’ skins dyed red, and a covering of badger skins above.
20 And he made the boards for the tabernacle of acacia wood; standing upright.
21 Ten cubits was the length of each board, and one and a half cubits the width of each board.
22 Each board had two tenons, fitted one to another, and thus he did for all the boards of the tabernacle.
23 He made the boards for the tabernacle: Twenty boards for the south side,
24 and he made forty sockets of silver under the twenty boards; two sockets under one board for its two tenons, and two sockets under another board for its two tenons.
25 Then for the second side of the tabernacle, on the north side, he made twenty boards,
26 and their forty sockets of silver; two sockets under one board and two sockets under another board.
27 For the rear of the tabernacle, to the west, he made six boards.
28 He made two boards for the corners of the tabernacle at the rear;
29 they were double beneath, and together they were complete to its top, to the first ring. Thus he did with both of them for the two corners.
30 There were eight boards with their sockets of silver; sixteen sockets, two under every board.
31 Then he made bolts of acacia wood; five for the boards of one side of the tabernacle,
32 and five bolts for the boards of the other side of the tabernacle, and five bolts for the boards of the tabernacle for the rear, to the west.
33 He made the middle bolt to pass through in the center of the boards from end to end,
34 and he overlaid the boards with gold, and made their rings of gold as holders for the bolts, and overlaid the bolts with gold.
35 Moreover, he made the veil of blue and purple and scarlet, and fine twined linen; he made it with cherubim, the work of a cunning workman.
36 He made four pillars of acacia for it, and overlaid them with gold, with their pins of gold, and he cast four sockets of silver for them.
37 And he made a screen for the doorway of the tent of blue and purple and scarlet, and fine twined linen; the work of a embroiderer,
38 and its five pillars with their pins, and he overlaid their tops and their bands with gold, but their five sockets were of copper.

CHAPTER 37

And Bezaleel made the ark of acacia wood; its length was two and a half cubits, and its width one and a half cubits, and its height one and a half cubits,
2 and he overlaid it with pure gold inside and out, and made a gold border molding for it all around.
3 And he cast for it four rings of gold, for its four corners; two rings on one side of it, and two rings on the other side of it.
4 And he made poles of acacia wood, and overlaid them with gold,
5 and put the poles into the rings on the sides of the ark, to carry it.
6 And he made the mercy seat of pure gold; two and a half cubits long and one and a half cubits wide.
7 And he made two cherubim of gold; he made them of beaten work at the two ends of the mercy seat;
8 one cherub at the one end, and one cherub at the other end; he made the cherubim at the two ends of the mercy seat.
9 The cherubim wings spread upward, covering the mercy seat with their wings, with their faces toward each other; the faces of the cherubim were toward the mercy seat.
10 And he made the table of acacia wood; two cubits long, and a cubit wide, and one and a half cubits high.
11 He overlaid it with pure gold, and made a gold border molding for it all around.
12 He made a rim for it of a handbreadth all around, and made a gold molding for its rim all around.
13 And he cast for it four gold rings and put the rings on the four corners that were on its four feet.
14 Close by the border were the rings; the holders for the poles to carry the table.
15 And he made the poles of acacia wood, and overlaid them with gold, to carry the table.
16 Then he made the utensils that were on the table; its dishes and its pans and its bowls and its cups, with which to pour out drink offerings; of pure gold.
17 And he made the lamp-stand of pure gold. Of beaten work he made the lamp-stand, its base and its shaft, its cups, its bulbs and its flowers were with it.
18 And six branches went out of its sides; three branches of the lamp-stand from the one side of it, and three branches of the lamp-stand from the other side of it,
19 and three cups shaped like almonds; a bulb and a flower in one branch, and three cups shaped like almonds, a bulb and a flower in the other branch; so for the six branches that went out of the lamp-stand.
20 And in the lamp-stand, four cups shaped like almonds; its bulbs and its flowers,
21 and a bulb was under two of the branches that went out of it, and a bulb under two of the branches that went out of it, and a bulb under two of the branches that went out of it, for the six branches that went out of the lamp-stand.
22 And their bulbs and their branches were with it; the whole of it one beaten work of pure gold.
23 And he made its seven lamps, with its snuffers and its trays of pure gold;
24 of a talent of pure gold he made it and all its utensils.
25 And he made the altar of incense of acacia wood; a cubit long, and a cubit wide; square, and two cubits high; its horns were with it.
26 With pure gold he overlaid it; its top and its sides all around, and its horns, and he made a gold border molding for it all around.
27 And he made two rings of gold for it under its molding; on its two sides, as holders for poles with which to carry it.
28 And he made the poles of acacia wood and overlaid them with gold.
29 And he made the holy anointing oil, and the pure, sweet incense of spices; the work of a perfumer.

CHAPTER 38

And he made the altar of burnt offering of acacia wood; five cubits long, and five cubits wide; square, and three cubits high.
2 He made its horns on its four corners; its horns being with it, and he overlaid it with copper.
3 And he made all the utensils of the altar: The pails and the shovels and the bowl, the flesh hooks and the fire pans; all the utensils of it he made of copper.
4 And he made for the altar a grating of copper network; under its ledge from beneath, to the very middle of it.
5 And he cast four rings for the four corners of the copper grating, as holders for the poles.
6 And he made the poles of acacia wood and overlaid them with copper,
7 and inserted the poles into the rings on the sides of the altar; with which to carry it; he made it hollow with boards.
8 And he made the washbowl of copper, with its base of copper, from the mirrors of the assembled women; who assembled at the doorway of the tent of meeting.
9 And he made the court: For the south side, southward, the hangings of the court were of fine twined linen, one hundred cubits;
10 their pillars twenty, and their bases twenty; of copper. The pins of the pillars and their connecting rods of silver.
11 For the north side; northward, one hundred cubits; their pillars twenty, and their bases twenty; of copper. The pins of the pillars and their connecting rods of silver.
12 For the west side; westward, hangings of fifty cubits; their pillars ten, and their bases ten. The pins of the pillars and their connecting rods of silver.
13 For the east side; eastward, fifty cubits;
14 the hangings on one wing, fifteen cubits; their pillars three and their bases three,
15 and so for the other wing. On both sides of the gate of the court, hangings of fifteen cubits; their pillars three and their bases three.
16 All the hangings of the court round about were of fine twined linen.
17 The bases for the pillars, of copper; the pins of the pillars, and their connecting rods of silver; and the overlaying of their tops of silver. And all the pillars of the court were joined by silver connecting rods.
18 The curtain of the gate of the court was the work of the embroiderer, of blue and purple and scarlet and fine twined linen; the length twenty cubits, and the height five cubits, as the hangings of the court.
19 And their four pillars, and their four bases, of copper; their pins of silver, and the overlaying of their tops and their connecting rods of silver.
20 And all the pegs of the tabernacle, and of the court all round about of copper.
21 These are the appointed things for the tabernacle; the tabernacle of the testimony, as they were appointed, according to the command of Moses, for the service of the Levites, by the hand of Ithamar, the son of Aaron the priest.
22 And Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Yehudah, made all that YEHOWAH had commanded Moses.
23 And with him, Oholiab the son of Ahisamach of the tribe of Dan; an engraver, and a cunning workman, and an embroiderer in blue and in purple and in scarlet and fine linen.
24 All the gold that was used for the work, in all the work of the sanctuary, even the gold of the wave offering, was twenty nine talents and seven hundred and thirty shekels, according to the shekel of the sanctuary.
25 The silver appointed, of those of the assembly, was one hundred talents and one thousand seven hundred and seventy five shekels, according to the shekel of the sanctuary;
26 a bekah for every person, which is half a shekel according to the shekel of the sanctuary, for each one numbered from twenty years old and upward; six hundred three thousand five hundred and fifty.
27 And one hundred talents of silver were for casting the bases of the sanctuary and the bases of the veil; one hundred bases for the hundred talents; a talent for each base.
28 And of the seventeen hundred and seventy five shekels he made pins for the pillars, and overlaid their tops and made connecting rods for them.
29 The copper of the wave offering was seventy talents and two thousand four hundred shekels,
30 and with it he made the bases to the doorway of the tent of meeting, and the copper altar, and its copper grating, and all the utensils of the altar,
31 and the bases of the court round about, and the bases of the gate of the court, and all the pegs of the tabernacle, and all the pegs of the court round about.

CHAPTER 39

And from the blue and purple and scarlet they made finely woven clothes for ministering in the holy place, as well as the holy clothes that were for Aaron; just as YEHOWAH had commanded Moses.
2 And he made the ephod of gold, and of blue and purple and scarlet and fine twined linen.
3 And they beat the gold into thin plates, and cut them into threads to be woven in with the blue and the purple and the scarlet and the fine linen; the work of a cunning workman.
4 And they made shoulder pieces for it; it was attached at its two ends,
5 and the girdle that was on it was like its workmanship, of the same material; of gold, and of blue and purple and scarlet and fine twined linen, as YEHOWAH had commanded Moses.
6 And they made the onyx stones, set in gold weaving’s they were engraved; the engravings of a seal, according to the names of the sons of Israel.
7 And he put them on the shoulder pieces of the ephod; memorial stones for the sons of Israel, as YEHOWAH had commanded Moses.
8 And he made the breastplate; the work of a cunning workman, like the workmanship of the ephod; of gold, of blue and purple and scarlet and fine twined linen.
9 It was square: Double did they make the breastplate; a span the length, and a span the width; doubled.
10 And they set in it four rows of stones; the first row, of sardius, topaz, and emerald; this was the first row.
11 And the second row, turquoise, sapphire and a diamond; this was the second row.
12 And the third row, an opal, an agate, and an amethyst; this was the third row.
13 And the fourth row, beryl, onyx and jasper; they were set in gold weaving’s when they were set.
14 And the stones were as a memorial for the sons of Israel; twelve, as a memorial; the engravings of a seal, each with its mark for the twelve tribes.
15 And they made on the breastplate chains of laced work; cordage of pure gold.
16 And they made two gold settings and two gold rings, and put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate.
17 Then they put the two gold chains of laced work in the two rings at the ends of the breastplate,
18 and they put the other two ends of the two cords on the two settings, and put them on the shoulder pieces of the ephod; at the front of it.
19 And they made two gold rings and placed them on the two ends of the breastplate, on the inside edges, facing the ephod.
20 And they made two gold rings and placed them on the bottom of the two shoulder pieces of the ephod; on the front of it, close to the place where it joined, above the woven belt of the ephod.
21 And they bound the breastplate by its rings to the rings of the ephod with a blue cord, so that it would be on the woven band of the ephod, and that the breastplate would not come loose from the ephod, as YEHOWAH had commanded Moses.
22 And he made the robe of the ephod of woven work; all of blue,
23 and the opening of the robe was in the center, as the opening of a coat of mail, with a binding all around its opening, so that it would not be torn.
24 And they made pomegranates of blue and purple and scarlet and twined linen on the hem of the robe.
25 They also made bells of pure gold, and put the bells between the pomegranates on the hem of the robe round about,
26 alternating a bell and a pomegranate round about on the hem of the robe for the service, as YEHOWAH had commanded Moses.
27 And they made the tunics of finely woven linen for Aaron and his sons,
28 and the turban of fine linen, and the beautiful caps of fine linen, and the linen breeches of fine twined linen,
29 and the belt of fine twined linen, and blue and purple and scarlet; the work of the embroiderer, as YEHOWAH had commanded Moses.
30 And they made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and inscribed upon it, like the engravings of a seal, “Holy to YEHOWAH.”
31 And they fastened a blue cord to it, to fasten it on the turban above, as YEHOWAH had commanded Moses.
32 Thus was all the work of the tabernacle of the tent of meeting completed, and the children of Israel did according to all that YEHOWAH had commanded Moses; so they did.
33 And they brought the tabernacle to Moses; the tent and all its furnishings, its pins, its boards, its bolts, and its pillars and its bases;
34 and the covering of rams’ skins dyed red, and the covering of badger skins, and the veil of covering;
35 and the ark of the testimony, and its poles and the mercy seat;
36 the table, all its utensils, and the bread of the showbread;
37 the pure lamp-stand, with its arrangement of lamps and all its utensils, and the oil for the light;
38 and the gold altar, and the anointing oil and the fragrant incense, and the veil for the doorway of the tent;
39 and the copper altar and its copper grating and poles, and all its utensils; and the washbowl and its stand;
40 the hangings for the court, its pillars and its bases, and the screen for the gate of the court; its cords and its pegs and all the equipment for the service of the tabernacle, for the tent of meeting;
41 the woven clothes for ministering in the holy place, and the holy clothes for Aaron the priest, and the clothes of his sons; to minister as priests.
42 So the children of Israel did all the work according to all that YEHOWAH had commanded Moses.
43 And Moses examined all the work and behold, they had done it! As YEHOWAH had commanded, this they had done. And Moses blessed them.

CHAPTER 40

And YEHOWAH spoke to Moses, saying,
2 “On the first day of the first month, you shall set up the tabernacle of the tent of meeting,
3 and you shall put therein the ark of the testimony, and you shall cover the ark with the veil.
4 And you shall bring in the table, and you shall set in order the things that are to be set upon it, and you shall bring in the lamp-stand and light its lamps.
5 And you shall set the gold altar of incense before the ark of the testimony, and set up the veil for the doorway to the tabernacle.
6 And you shall set the altar of burnt offering in front of the doorway of the tabernacle of the tent of meeting.
7 You shall set the washbowl between the tent of meeting and the altar, and put water in it.
8 And you shall set up the court round about, and hang up the veil at the gate of the court.
9 Then you shall take the anointing oil and anoint the tabernacle and all therein, and shall consecrate it and all its utensils; and it shall be holy.
10 And you shall anoint the altar of burnt offering, and all its utensils, and consecrate the altar; and the altar shall be most holy.
11 You shall anoint the washbowl and its stand, and consecrate it.
12 And you shall bring Aaron and his sons to the entrance of the tent of meeting and wash them with water.
13 You shall put the holy clothes on Aaron, and anoint him and consecrate him, that he may minister as a priest unto Me.
14 And you shall bring his sons and put the tunics on them,
15 and you shall anoint them, even as you have anointed their father, that they may minister as priests unto Me. And their anointing will qualify them for a perpetual priesthood throughout their generations.”
16 And Moses did so, according to all that YEHOWAH had commanded him; so he did.
17 And it came to pass, in the first month of the second year, on the first of the month, the tabernacle was erected.
18 And Moses set up the tabernacle, and laid its bases, and set up its boards, and inserted its bolts, and erected its pillars.
19 He spread the tent over the tabernacle and put the covering of the tent on top of it, as YEHOWAH had commanded Moses.
20 And he took the testimony and put it into the ark, and attached the poles to the ark, and put the mercy seat on top of the ark.
21 And he brought the ark into the tabernacle, and set up the veil of the covering, and covered the ark of the testimony, as YEHOWAH had commanded Moses.
22 And he put the table in the tent of meeting, on the side of the tabernacle, northward, outside the veil,
23 and arranged the bread in order upon it before YEHOWAH, as YEHOWAH had commanded Moses.
24 And he put the lamp-stand in the tent of meeting, opposite the table, on the side of the tabernacle southward,
25 and he lit the lamps before YEHOWAH, as YEHOWAH had commanded Moses.
26 And he put the gold altar in the tent of meeting before the veil,
27 and he burned sweet incense on it, as YEHOWAH had commanded Moses.
28 Then he set up the veil at the entrance of the tabernacle,
29 and he put the altar of burnt offering before the entrance of the tabernacle of the tent of meeting, and offered on it the burnt offering and the meat offering, as YEHOWAH had commanded Moses.
30 And he placed the washbowl between the tent of meeting and the altar, and put water in it for washing.
31 And Moses and Aaron and his sons washed their hands and their feet
32 when they entered the tent of meeting; and when they approached the altar, they washed, as YEHOWAH had commanded Moses.
33 And he set up the court round about the tabernacle and the altar, and hung the veil for the gate of the court. And so Moses finished the work.
34 Then the cloud covered the tent of meeting, and the glory of YEHOWAH filled the tabernacle.
35 And Moses could not enter the tent of meeting, because the cloud had settled on it, and the glory of YEHOWAH filled the tabernacle.
36 And whenever the cloud was taken up from over the tabernacle, the children of Israel would journey onward,
37 but if the cloud was not taken up, then they journeyed not until the day when it was taken up,
38 for the cloud of YEHOWAH was on the tabernacle by day, and fire was in it by night, in the sight of all the house of Israel, throughout all their journeys.

*NOTE: Throughout my Bible studies, I have struggled with The Holy Spirit’s use of the word, “HOST”… Earlier in Exodus, I pointed to two examples of how “HOST” is used: First, as “YEHOWAH OF HOSTS”, and then as, “HOSTS OF YEHOWAH”. (They are not the same). Similarly, The Holy Spirit also uses the phrases, “YEHOWAH, Elohim of Hosts”; and in the singular – many times – “The HOST of Heaven” or “Heavenly HOST”…

Throughout the Old Covenant, the Hebrew word translated as “Host” or Hosts, is TSABA, and at its root, the word means, To Wage War, or To Serve. Therefore, aside from being translated as, “HOST” or “HOSTS”, TSABA is also translated within Scripture as, Armies; Army; War and Warfare; Serve and Service. Websters dictionary defines “host” as: 1. A person who receives or entertains guests at home or elsewhere; A company, place or the like that provides services or resources. In another form, “host” also means, “A multitude or great number of persons or things; An Army.

I wrestled with interpretations like: “YEHOWAH of Multitudes (Armies)”, and “Multitudes (Armies) of YEHOWAH”, and “Army of Heaven” and thoughts like that, because, those ‘translations’ didn’t have much significance at all. When The Holy Spirit wants to express a vast number, He is considerably more imaginative. With such wrestling, I really did struggle with the deeper meaning of, “YEHOWAH OF HOSTS”, “HOSTS OF YEHOWAH” or “HOST OF HEAVEN” and “HEAVENLY HOST”, until this edit of Exodus. During this very slow walk thru Exodus, I saw, “HOST” in an entirely different light, and I am sharing that ‘vision’ with you today…

Webster’s Dictionary also tells us that a “Host” can refer to an entity from which a parasite receives its nutrition, and herein, I believe, we can find the most BASE foundation for the usage of TSABA throughout Scripture. Not that He considers His Children to be ‘parasites’, but consider a baby in the womb. The Mother surely is a Host, isn’t she! In that understanding, please consider the following:

“YEHOWAH OF HOSTS”, refers to the “myriad upon myriad” of YEHOWAH’S Children – Each of Whom is also a “host” to a myriad of Children (within their bowels)… Hosts of Hosts – of Hosts – of Hosts; and on to infinity! He is fully and solely, YEHOWAH Elohim of HOSTS!
..
“HOSTS OF YEHOWAH”, then, refers to the myriad of YEHOWAH’S Children within Whom resides The Spirit of YEHOWAH. Consider the fact that ALL who receive, or have received, YEHOSHUA ha MASHIACH (Jesus Christ) into their hearts, and thru YEHOSHUA are United as One Unto The Father; are in fact, “HOSTS OF YEHOWAH”. Thru our voluntary submission to YEHOSHUA, and the invitation we all seek for Him, that He would abide within us, WE LITERALLY DO BECOME HOSTS OF YEHOWAH!

And finally we have, “HOST OF HEAVEN” and “HEAVENLY HOST”, and the constant singularity of this interpretation provides very pure views of Heaven for us. How? Because we will all abide in HIS HEAVEN some day, making HIM the One and Only HOST OF HEAVEN or HEAVENLY HOST… We ALL surrender to The Father, even The Son; making The Ancient of Days THE HOST OF HEAVEN!

In these matters, I now wrestle no more with the word, “HOST”… Thank YOU, Father!