quantitative and qualitative research

Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research?
 A type of educational
 A type of educational
research in which the
researcher decides what to
study.
research in which the
researcher relies on the views
of the participants.
What are the characteristics of
each?
Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research
 Ask specific narrow Qs.
 Ask broad, general Qs.
 Collects data from
 Collecting data consisting
participants.
 Analyzes numbers using
statistics.
 Conducts the inquiry in
unbiased, objective manner.
largely of words (text) or
image (picture).
 Descriptions and analysis of
words for themes.
 Conducts inquiry in
subjective, biased manner.
What are the differences between
the
two in each step?
1. Identifying a research problem.
Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research
 Description of trends or an
 An exploration in which little
explanation of variables’
relationships.
is known about the problem.
 A detailed understanding of a
central phenomenon.
2. Reviewing the literature
Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research
 Major role through
 Minor role in suggesting SRQ
suggesting the RQ to be
asked.
 Justifying the R problem and
the need for the direction of
the study.
to be asked.
 Justify the importance of
studying the research
problem.
3. Specifying a purpose for the
research
Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research
 Be specific and narrow.
 Be general and broad.
 Seek measurable, observable
 Seek to understand the
data on variables.
participants’ experiences.
4. Collecting data
Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research
 Collecting data using
 Collecting data using forms
instruments with preset Qs
and Res.
 Collecting info from a large
number of individuals.
with general, emerging Qs to
permit the participant to
generate responses.
 Gathering word(text) or
image(picture) data.
 Collecting info from a small
number of individuals or
sites.
5. Analyzing and Interpreting data
Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research
 Data analysis tends to consist
 Text analysis.
of statistical analysis.
 Describing trends, comparing
group differences, relating
variables.
 Interpretation tends to
consist of comparing results
with prior predictions and
past research.
 A description of themes.
 Stating the larger meaning of
findings.
6. Reporting and Evaluating
research
Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research
 Tend to use standard fixed
 A flexible, emerging structure
structure and evaluation
criteria.
 Take an objective and
unbiased approach.
and evaluative criteria.
 Take a subjective and biased
approach.
What are the research designs
associated with quantitative
and qualitative research?
Research Designs?
Research designs are the specific procedures involved in
the last three steps of the research process: data
collection, data analysis and report writing.
Experimental Designs
 An independent variable is manipulated and one or
more dependent variables are controlled to see the
effect of the independent variable on the dependent
variable(s).
Correlational Designs
 Looking for relationships between things, even if we
don’t have a theory to explain them
 “fishing expedition” research - looking for what affects
what, trying to find the components for a theory
Survey Designs
This involves administration of an instrument to collect
data regarding characteristics of a group.
Grounded Disgns
 theory that is developed inductively from a corpus of data
 Is case-oriented; no hypothesis is tested
 Interviews & other data collection can be used
 “constant comparison”
data set  theory
(Source:
http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/gcm/ar/arp/grounded.html)
Ethnographic designs
 “The study and systematic recording of human
cultures; also : a descriptive work produced from
such research
 Field work; observation, interviews,
questionnaires, producing description
 Often related to social constructivism: how do
people make sense of their world; how do they
accomplish things through their practice?
 Source: Wikipedia
Thank you
Narrative Research Designs
 In form of stories that describe the lives of individuals
and their experiences.
Mixed Method Studies
 Some studies use mixed methods to collect and
analyze data…both quantitative and qualitative. For
example, a person might do a quantitative survey and
follow it up with qualitative interviews or focus groups.
Again, the question dictates the method.
Action Designs
 disciplined inquiry into practices undertaken by those




involved in them
done to inform and change the practice studied. To
address problems
Often undertaken as a collaborative activity among
colleagues
Often undertaken in situ
Could focus on a single issue in a classroom, a
program, etc.
Action Designs
 a cycle of posing questions, gathering data,
reflection, and deciding on a course of action
 Source: http://www.alliance.brown.edu/pubs/themes_ed/act_research.pdf
 Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_action_research
How do you choose which type
of research to use?
 Match your approach to your research problem
 Fit the approach to your audience.
 Relate the approach to your experience.