Twenty six cases of a spotted-fever-like illness have been identified over a 17 year period in the population of about 1000 of Flinders Island, Tasmania. The usual features were high fever, headache, myalgia, slight cough, arthralgia without joint swelling and a maculopapular rash which did not resemble the common exanthems. Twelve cases had a focal skin lesions. Available evidence implicates ticks as the vector.