6 Framework for the Development / Reform of Research System in ThailandHarmonize Research Policy SystemImprove Research CoordinationMobilize Financial Resource to Support ResearchImprove Research Organization of both Public and Private SectorsStrengthen Human Resource DevelopmentDevelop Research Infrastructures and Supporting IT SystemEstablish Research StandardImprove Monitoring and Evaluation SystemPromote Research Outputs towards Innovation

10 Three Main constraints for the Improvement of the Higher Education and Research in ThailandPersonnel Administration PolicyEngagement under the conventional civil service systemUncompetiveness of remuneration systemLack of appropriate measurement on academic environment to attract and retain qualified personnelFunding Mechanisms for UniversitiesRigid line-item based budgeting system with exceptionally low GERD/GDP(introduction of block grant budgeting system)Framework for University-Industry LinkageWeak cooperation between universities and the productive sectorThe following mechanisms should be developed in order to tackle the problem ;1. encourage the university to conduct the collaborative research project with private sector2. encourage the personnel exchange programme between the universities and private sector04/04/60PERDO-สบว

12 Five Disconnects Disconnects StewardshipEffective stewardship of the higher education system can address many of the disconnects by improving incentive, information, and capacityHigher education and research institutionCHigher education and earlier educationStewardshipCoordination (C)Private Sector (PS)UILsInter. Market (IM)CHigher capacity (PS;IM)Higher education and employersCBetter informationPSHigher education and companies (as research users)UILsUILsStronger incentiveHEIs between themselves and with training providersIMPSC04/04/60PERDO-สบว

16 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE, CoE“A centre of excellence is a structure where research and technological development (RTD) is performed of national and international standard, in terms of measurable scientific production (including training) and/or technological innovation”.04/04/60PERDO-สบว

18 โครงสร้างพื้นฐานเพื่อการวิจัย(Research Infrastructure)โครงสร้างพื้นฐานเพื่อการวิจัย ประกอบด้วยเครื่องมือวิทยาศาสตร์ สิ่งอำนวยความสะดวก และบริการ ซึ่งสนับสนุนการวิจัย เพื่อนำไปสู่ระบบนวัตกรรม และเสริมสร้างสมรรถภาพให้กับนักวิจัย เพื่อดำเนินกิจกรรมการวิจัยสู่ความเป็นเลิศ และผลิตผลงานนวัตกรรมเพื่อการถ่ายทอดเทคโนโลยีResearch Infrastructure comprises the scientific equipment, facilities and services which support research across the innovation system and which maintain the capacity of researchers to undertake excellent research and deliver innovation outcomes for technology transfer04/04/60PERDO-สบว

19 Relationships Between Basic and Applied ResearchKnowledge must precede applicationThere is no applied science, if there is no science to applyTechnology is the output of the applied R&DStrong correlation exists between how much countries spend on R&D and their economic developmentIdea is the most critical phase of R&D commercialization.04/04/60PERDO-สบว

22 Key Features of CoEA critical mass” of high level scientists and /or technology developers;A well-identified structure (mostly based on existing structure) having its own research agenda;Capable of integrating connected fields and to associate complementary skills;Capable of maintaining a high rate of exchange of qualified human resources;A dynamic role in the surrounding innovation system (adding value to knowledge);High level of national and international visibility and scientific and /or industrial connectivity;A reasonable stability of funding and operating conditions over time (the basis for investing in people and building partnership);Source of finance which and not dependent over time on public funding.04/04/60PERDO-สบว

29 ROLES OF CoEs ON KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENTDEMAND FULFILMENT (Reactive)Produce graduates in priority areas with research skill in respective specialties and global literacyDevelop body of knowledge for self-reliance purpose and required applications to productive sectorsRender technical and consultancy services to the publicMONITORING / WARNING MECHANISM (Proactive)Set up the mechanism to monitor national development programmes and provide necessary warning system to every possible risk with appropriate preventive and remedial measuresFUTURISTIC ROLES / FORESIGHTING (Predictive)Create the futuristic simulation models based on CoEs specialisation in order to provide the selective future scenario of the country for development planning purpose04/04/60PERDO-สบว

32 Research Linkage MechanismInnovationStageParticipantsScopeImpactIndustrialAffiliatesResearch and DevelopmentI: Large FirmsU: Research universitiesF: Regular facultyG: Minor to no roleSuffering from major decline; replaced by I/UCRsMinorAppliedResearchInstitutesDevelopment to Applied EngineeringI: Large FirmsU: Research universitiesF: Full-time staff and FacultyG: Joint sponsor of some institutionsWidely used; small to very large budgetConduct a significant amount of Applied researchFirm-sponsoredlaboratoryI: Large R&D intensive; biotechnologyU: Private universitiesF: Regular facultyG: No involvementVery limited; large budgets; received great deal of publicityNot clear* I = Industry; U = University; F = faculty; G = Government04/04/60PERDO-สบว

33 Research Linkage MechanismInnovationStageParticipantsScopeImpactIU Cooperative Research CentersResearch to DevelopmentI: Large R&D intensive FirmsU: Research universitiesF: Regular facultyG: Major federal role; state participationWidely used mechanism; budgets average about $1 M per siteData on I/UCRC demonstrate effectiveness in transferring knowledge and technology; education benefitsIU ProjectsDevelopment to Applied EngineeringI: Large and small FirmsU: Diverse groupG: Primarily stateWidely used; small budgetFocuses collaboration on downstream knowledge and technology transferSmall BusinessTechnologyTransferI: Small firms;U: Open to all but research universities dominateF: Regular facultyG: State and federal supportWidely used by state; small budgets* I = Industry; U = University; F = faculty; G = Government04/04/60PERDO-สบว

42 Steps of Research ProcessIdentification/ Formulation of Research Directions/ Foci to Serve National Strategies/ AgendaConceptual Design of Research Programme(s)Call for Research Pre-proposal(s)Review/Approval of the Research Pre-proposal(s)Submission of Full Research Proposal(s)Approval and Research Fund Allocation of Research Proposal(s)Actual Research Work & ReportingSubmission of Final ReportApproval for Brokerage of Research FindingsFeed-backLoopFeed-back Loop04/04/60PERDO-สบว

43 Strategy: What is strategy?"Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long-term: which achieves advantage for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a challenging environment, to meet the needs of markets and to fulfill stakeholder expectations".In other words, strategy is about:Where is the business trying to get to in the long-term (direction)Which markets should a business compete in and what kind of activities are involved in such markets? (markets; scope)How can the business perform better than the competition in those markets? (advantage)?What resources (skills, assets, finance, relationships, technical competence, facilities) are required in order to be able to compete? (resources)?What external, environmental factors affect the businesses' ability to compete? (environment)?What are the values and expectations of those who have power in and around the business? (stakeholders)04/04/60PERDO-สบว

44 Strategy at Different Levels of a BusinessStrategies exist at several levels in any organisation - ranging from the overall business (or group of businesses) through to individuals working in it.Corporate Strategy - is concerned with the overall purpose and scope of the business to meet stakeholder expectations. This is a crucial level since it is heavily influenced by investors in the business and acts to guide strategic decision-making throughout the business. Corporate strategy is often stated explicitly in a "mission statement".Business Unit Strategy - is concerned more with how a business competes successfully in a particular market. It concerns strategic decisions about choice of products, meeting needs of customers, gaining advantage over competitors, exploiting or creating new opportunities etc.Operational Strategy - is concerned with how each part of the business is organised to deliver the corporate and business-unit level strategic direction. Operational strategy therefore focuses on issues of resources, processes, people etc.04/04/60PERDO-สบว

45 How Strategy is Managed - Strategic ManagementIn its broadest sense, strategic management is about taking "strategic decisions" - decisions that answer the questions above. In practice, a thorough strategic management process has three main components.Strategic AnalysisStrategic ImplementationStrategic Choice04/04/60PERDO-สบว

52 Technology Balance of Payment by Type of Payment and Receipt in 2001-2008yearTechnology Balance of PaymentPaymentReceivableBalance of PaymentRoyalties and Patent Licensing FeeTechnical FeeTotal PaymentTotal Receipt200136,50783,676120,18339326,70527,098-93,085200247,427104,640152,06731725,23325,550-126,517200352,73495,048147,78231332,24732,560-115,222200462,62839,665102,29351415,55716,071-86,222200567,16860,756127,92468129,17629,857-98,067200677,69572,560150,2551,75638,73840,494-109,761200779,05099,454178,5041,87243,94345,815-132,686200885,146123,752208,8983,36557,43860,803-148,095Source: Bank of Thailand04/04/60PERDO-สบว

54 Definition “COMPETITIVENESS”Competiveness is a comparative concept of the ability and performance of a firm, sub-sector or country to sell and supply goods and/or services in a given market. Although widely used in economics and business management, the usefulness of the concept, particularly in the context of national competitiveness, is vigorously disputed by economists, such as Pual Krugman.The term may also be applied to markets, where it is used to refer to the extent which the market structure may be regarded as perfectly competitive. This usage has nothing to do with the extent to which individual firm are “competitive”Refer : Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia04/04/60PERDO-สบว

55 Definition “ NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS”In recent years, the concept of competitiveness has emerged as a new paradigm in economic development. Competiveness capture the awareness of both the limitations and challenges posed be global competition., at a time when effective government action is constrained by budgetary constraints and the private sector faces significant barriers to competing in domestic and international markets.Refer : Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia04/04/60PERDO-สบว

60 ศูนย์ความเป็นเลิศ (Centre of Excellence, CoE)“ A centre of excellence is a structure where research and technological development (RTD) is performed of national and world standard, in terms of measurable scientific production (including training) and /or technological innovation”04/04/60PERDO-สบว