Application The main current applications of 3D woven fabrics are in composites made from textile preforms and in protective clothing

Introduction The 3D fabrics are defined as a single fabric system, the constituent yarns of which are supposedly disposed in a three mutually perpendicular plane relationship.

Making of fabrics with substantial thickness by layering.

Here are mainly three types of manufacturing systems to produce woven 3D fabrics.

They are: 2D weaving 3D weaving Noobing

Classification of 3D fabrics Classification of 3D fabrics is basically done into two types:Based on type of weaving process Based on type of 3D structures

Based on weaving process

2D weaving 3D weavingNoobing

Based on type of structures

3D Solid Multi layer Orthogonal Angle interlocked

3D Hollow Flat surface Uneven surface

3D Shell By weave combination By differential take-up By moulding

3D Nodal

2D woven fabric To produce a 3D fabric by the conventional 2D weaving process a multi-layer warp has to be compulsory used. By using a multi-layer warp and weft interlaced 3D fabrics such weft interlock and warp interlock can be produced.

The different layers of the multi-layer warp can also be interconnected.

The multi-layer warp is displaced in the fabric thickness direction by the operation of shedding to form a shed across the fabric width direction in order to enable interlacement with the weft. This manner of weaving producing a 3D fabric constituting two sets of yarn is called as 2D weaving.

3D Woven fabric The process developed by Fukuta interlaces three orthogonal sets of yarns to produce a fully interlaced 3D fabric.

This process complies with the principle of weaving and hence qualifies to be described as the true 3D weaving process.

Shedding of the multi-warp is done not only across the fabric thickness direction,But also across the fabric-width direction for enabling interlacement of the multi-layer warp with the set of horizontal weft and the set of vertical weft.

3D weaving process The essential aspects of 3D weaving process are as follows: A grid like multi-layer warp is compulsory required Through the dual-directional shedding operation, the multiple sheds are formed in both row-wise and column-wise directions

The row-wise and the column-wise sheds are not formed simultaneously but alternately Multiple wefts of the respective directions are accordingly picked in their corresponding sheds.