Traumatic Experience and the Brain: A Handbook for Understanding and Treating Those Traumatized As Children

9781935089421

1935089420

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Summary

Traumatic Experience and the Brain is the result of Dr. Dave Ziegler's three decades of experience with children traumatized by abuse and/or neglect. Containing almost 100 pages of new material, this newly revised and updated second edition details the effect of trauma on the developing brain, describing how it actually rewires one's perceptions of self, others, and the world. It is a book of hope for foster, natural, and adoptive parents of such "broken" children and the therapists, teachers and social workers who attempt to help them. Dave Ziegler, M.S., Ph.D., is the director of Jasper Mountain, a residential treatment program in Oregon for some of society's most damaged children.

Author Biography

Dr. Dave Ziegler has seen, first hand, the effects on the brain of traumatic experiences during infancy and early childhood. As a result of his research and extensive experience with traumatized children, he describes in understandable terms the complex neural functioning of a very young brain. His work with trauma victims has exposed the formation of developmental psychopathology and the emotional triggers that are so resistant to change. His career is focused on ways to help traumatized individuals, and professionals who help them, learn new methods of healing deeply ingrained trauma. Dr. Ziegler is Executive Director of Jasper Mountain, a treatment program based in Oregon that treats some of society's most damaged children.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments

p. 5

Foreword

p. i

The Blueprint of the Human Brain

p. 1

The Human Computer

p. 2

Neurons: The Building Blocks of the Brain

p. 7

The Main Centers of the Brain

p. 10

The Brain Stem

p. 11

The Diencephalon

p. 12

The Limbic System

p. 14

The Neocortex

p. 16

The Human Being-Least Suited of the Animal Kingdom for Independent Survival at Birth

p. 18

The Role of the Brain in Adaptation

p. 21

Use-Dependent Neurodevelopment

p. 21

Neuro Templates

p. 24

Core Processes of Neurodevelopment

p. 27

Memory and Adaptation

p. 29

The Purpose of Memory

p. 32

Types of Memory

p. 33

Treatment Implications

p. 36

Trauma and the Brain

p. 39

Adaptation

p. 44

Imprinting

p. 47

Sensitization

p. 50

Overactivation/Deprivation

p. 51

Effects of Trauma on the Body

p. 53

Treatment Implications

p. 56

The Effects of Trauma on Perception and Internal Experience

p. 59

Biological States Produced by Trauma

p. 59

Stuck in Survival Mode

p. 62

Absence of Self-Regulation Is Pervasive Among Traumatized Children

p. 62

Self-Aggression - Never Intended by Nature

p. 64

Perception of Retraumatization

p. 67

Deprivation of Experience

p. 68

Internalizers/Externalizers

p. 70

Trauma Response Continuum

p. 73

Treatment Implications

p. 76

Trauma and Self-Perception

p. 79

Inner Working Model of Self-Perception

p. 80

Set Points of Self-Perception

p. 87

Behaviors Produced by the Traumatized Self

p. 89

Treatment Implications

p. 90

How Traumatized Children Perceive Others

p. 93

Perceptual Inner Working Models of Others

p. 94

Safety Threat

p. 95

Interpersonal Threat

p. 98

Easy Mark

p. 102

Irrelevant

p. 104

Emotional Set Points Related to Others

p. 105

Treatment Implications

p. 108

The World View of Traumatized Children

p. 111

Inner Working Model of the World

p. 111

Emotions - From a Help to a Hindrance

p. 115

Negative Perceptions of the World Affect Behavior

p. 118

Treatment Implications

p. 119

From Neural Templates to Inner Working Models

p. 123

The Brain Is Built from Experience

p. 123

Neurons to Neural Networks to Neural Templates

p. 125

Experience to Memory to Inner Working Models

p. 127

Treatment Implications

p. 133

Four Case Examples - Understanding and Intervening

p. 135

Not So Crazy Mike

p. 135

Renee Put the "R" in Rage

p. 141

Brad's Brain Impairment

p. 146

Taming the Animal Within Tammy

p. 153

Treatment Can Make a World of Difference

p. 159

The Primary Ingredients of Trauma Therapy

p. 161

Trauma Is More Than a Diagnosis

p. 162

Trauma Is an Internal Experience

p. 163

Primary Goals of Trauma Therapy

p. 165

Cognitive Responses to Trauma

p. 165

Affective Responses to Trauma

p. 166

Behavioral Responses to Trauma

p. 167

The Ten Necessary Steps of Trauma Therapy

p. 169

Trauma Treatment is a Difficult but Rewarding Journey

p. 179

Neurological Reparative Therapy: A Roadmap for the Therapeutic Journey

p. 181

Neuro-transformation

p. 182

The Five Goals of NRT

p. 185

Facilitate Perceptual Changes of the Self, Others and the Child's Inner Working Model