↑Hoyle, W. E. (1885) Narrative of the Challenger Expedition, Report on the scientific results of the voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-76, Narrative, 1 (1)

↑Roper, C. F. E. and R. E. Young (1968) The family Promachoteuthidae (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). I. A re-evaluation of its systematic position based on new material from Antarctic and adjacent waters, Antarctic Research Series, 2