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Doctor of Pharmacy

In the United States the Pharm.D. (Doctor of
Pharmacy) degree is a first-professional doctorate that prepares
the graduate for pharmacy practice. The multidisciplinary curriculum
may focus on pharmacy-biomedical sciences, pharmaceutical sciences,
social and administrative sciences, clinical sciences and experiential
training. Entrance into a Pharm.D. program generally does not
require prior completion of a college degree, since it is not
a graduate degree program in the traditional sense. Typically,
it takes a minimum of six academic years after high school graduation
to complete the Pharm.D. program. Occasionally, students obtain
a bachelor's degree as part of the Pharm.D. curriculum. However,
many U.S. pharmacy schools have abolished the B.S. in pharmacy
degree program.

In the Netherlands the Pharm.D. is a graduate
degree that requires a prior Masters of Science (M.Sc.) degree
in Pharmacy. A pharmacist in the Netherlands holding a M.Sc.
degree in Pharmacy may not legally dispense, formulate, handle,
or trade pharmaceuticals unless they attain their Pharm.D. degree.
The Pharm.D. degree requires a minimum of 2 years of full-time
graduate courses in pharmacotherapy, pharmaceutical chemistry
and analysis, small and large scale sterile pharmaceutical production,
and management.

In Italy, the course of study leading to the
laurea known as Dottore in farmacia lasts 5 years and includes
a guided professional apprenticeship in a pharmacy.