Whether a particular lace is a 19th century example, actually made in the
19th century, or whether it classifies as "Revival Era", is sometimes hard to
know with any certainty. All the point ground laces dominated in the 19th
century, and Cluny and
Bedfordshire began in the 19th century. And all of these continued to be made into the 20th.
The point ground laces are a direct outgrowth of very late 18th century and
Napoleonic era straight laces. Cluny actually began in the early middle
19th century as an attempt to design pieces reminiscent of the laces in the
Cluny museum, which were 16th and 17th century Genoese braid based laces.
Maltese also was invented in the 19th century, also based on Cluny museum laces,
in an attempt to create laces fast to make and so provide an income for the
women of Malta. Bedfordshire, actually Bedfordshire-Maltese, was a direct
outgrowth of a great international exhibition in about 1850, where the new
Maltese laces were on display. So I suppose all of these can be called
19th century. Some of my actual examples may have been made during the
early 20th century. It is impossible to be sure.

It is the complex mesh grounded laces, Flanders, Binche, and Paris, which
were a part of the Revival Era recreation of those older forms. I suppose
the difference is one of time. Cluny, Maltese and Bedfordshire were
resurrected out of Genoese fairly early in the 19th century (the middle years);
while Flanders, Binche, Paris and Revival Mechlin were only resurrected very
late, at the turn of the century. Valenciennes continued to be made
throughout the 19th century, and the square ground was invented during this
time.

Guipure (Bar/Braid) Grounded Straight Laces:

Continental Floral Guipure (Probably Germany, Sweden
or Denmark):

There are 17th century Antwerp laces which have floral
motifs and a braided ground. These below are, perhaps, a continuation of
that tradition.

533 it

284 jl

284

336 bh

137 bn I am not absolutely sure this is a
straight lace. I can't remember and the photo isn't detailed
enough.

bkmk

86 ds

136 lh

340 bh

LePuy Guipure (French): *

The cloth trails in LePuy guipure are woven in a manner
reminiscent of that element when it appears in old Genoese laces of the
16th and 17th centuries.