The Immune System in Obesity: Developing Paradigms Amidst Inconvenient Truths

The Immune System in Obesity: Developing Paradigms Amidst Inconvenient Truths
Agrawal, Madhur; Kern, Philip; Nikolajczyk, Barbara
2017-08-15 00:00:00
Curr Diab Rep (2017) 17:87 DOI 10.1007/s11892-017-0917-9 OBESITY (J MCCAFFERY, SECTION EDITOR) The Immune System in Obesity: Developing Paradigms Amidst Inconvenient Truths 1 2 1,3,4 Madhur Agrawal & Philip A. Kern & Barbara S. Nikolajczyk Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017 Abstract of metabolically-associated inflammation, or meta- Purpose of Review Adipose tissue (AT) houses both innate flammation. and adaptive immune systems that are crucial for preserving Summary More studies are required to recognize factors that AT function and metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we switch inflammation from controlled to uncontrolled in summarize recent information regarding progression of obesity-associated pathogenesis and to integrate the combined obesity-associated AT inflammation and insulin resistance. effects of meta-flammation and immunometabolism. It is crit- We additionally consider alterations in AT distribution and ical to recognize that the AT-associated immune system can be the immune system in males vs. females and among different alternately beneficial and destructive; therefore, simply racial populations. blocking immune responses early in obesity may not be the Recent Findings Innate and adaptive immune cell- best clinical approach. The dearth of information on gender derived inflammation drives insulin resistance both lo- and race-associated disparities in metabolism, AT distribution, cally and systemically. However, new evidence
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The Immune System in Obesity: Developing Paradigms Amidst Inconvenient Truths