This is the last in a series of six posts introducing and providing essential facts about each of the Frontier Fields.

Abell 370 has several hundred galaxies in its core, or center. This galaxy cluster has a storied astronomical history and was one of the first clusters in which astronomers observed gravitational lensing. In the archival Hubble image at below right, the long arc on the right was found not to be a member of the cluster by ground-based observations. The arc is actually a lensed galaxy residing two times farther away than the cluster.

The Abell catalogue of galaxy clusters was first compiled by astronomer George O. Abell in 1958, with over 2,700 galaxy clusters observable from the Northern Hemisphere. The Abell catalogue was updated in 1989 with galaxy clusters from the Southern Hemisphere. Abell 370 is the most distant galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue, but we now know of many galaxy clusters that are even more distant.

Left: The locations of Hubble’s observations of the Abell 370 galaxy cluster (right) and the adjacent parallel field (left) are plotted over a Digitized Sky Survey (DSS) image. The blue boxes outline the regions of Hubble’s visible-light observations, and the red boxes indicate areas of Hubble’s infrared-light observations. A scale bar in the lower left corner of the image indicates the size of the image on the sky. The scale bar corresponds to approximately 1/30th the apparent width of the full moon as seen from Earth. Astronomers refer to this unit of measurement as one arcminute, denoted as 1′.Right: Hubble’s view of the galaxy cluster is displayed using archival visible-light observations. Deeper Frontier Fields observations of Abell 370 are being planned.Left Credit: Digitized Sky Survey (STScI/NASA) and Z. Levay (STScI).Right Credit: NASA, ESA, the Hubble SM4 ERO Team, and ST-ECF

Estimated Dates of Observations: TBD

The planned dates for Hubble observations of the Frontier Fields include observations approximately six months apart. This is the time it takes for the cameras on Hubble to swap positions so that both visible-light data and infrared-light data can be captured from the galaxy cluster field and the adjacent parallel field, as described in this post.

Galaxy Cluster Redshift: 0.375

Redshift measures the lengthening of a light wave from an object that is moving away from an observer. For example, when a galaxy is traveling away from Earth, its observed wavelength shifts toward the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum. The galaxy cluster’s cosmological redshift refers to a lengthening of a light wave caused by the expansion of the universe. Light waves emitted by a galaxy cluster stretch as they travel through the expanding universe. The greater the redshift, the farther the light has traveled to reach us.

Welcome to Frontier Fields – Archived Blog

This archived blog was the active site for getting updated Hubble Frontier Fields information during the Frontier Fields observing campaign (2013-2017). The observations are now in from Hubble, but the science of the Frontier Fields is just beginning…

Frontier Fields draws on the power of massive clusters of galaxies to unleash the full potential of the Hubble Space Telescope. The gravity of these clusters warps and magnifies the faint light of the distant galaxies behind them. Hubble captures the boosted light, revealing the farthest galaxies humanity has ever encountered, and giving us a glimpse of the cosmos to be unveiled by the James Webb Space Telescope.

Find more images and findings from the Hubble Space Telescope at HubbleSite.org