08
Leroy (Satchel) Paige (1906-1982): Baseball player. Perhaps the most talented baseball player in the history of the game, Paige became a legend for his showmanship, his fast ball, and his longevity. Beginning in the 1920s in the Black leagues, Paige played some 2,500 professional games, of which he won at least 2,000; 250 of these were shutouts, and 45 were no-hitters. In 1948, after the integration of major league baseball, Paige signed with the Cleveland Indians. In 1952, as a pitcher for the St. Louis Browns, he was named to the American League All-Stars. This is the date of his death.

10
Portuguese National Day: Portugal. This national holiday commemorates the death in 1580 of Luis Vaz de Camoes, author of the greatest literary work in Portuguese, the epic poem Os Lusiadas.

11
Queenis Birthday: Australia. This holiday honors the birthday of Queen Elizabeth II, the monarch of Great Britain, Northern Ireland, Canada, and Australia. As queen of both England and Australia, Elizabeth II is head of state and represented by the governor general. This holiday is not celebrated in *Western Australia. *

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Anne Frank (1929-1945): Jewish Dutch. This young girl hid with her family from the Nazis in a secret apartment during the occupation of the Netherlands. The hiding place was eventually discovered and the family deported to concentration camps, but Anneis diary, discovered and published after her death, became the most widely read of all personal accounts of the Holocaust.

12
Independence Day: Philippines. On this day in 1898 the Philippines declared its independence from Spain.

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Independence Day: Russia. This holiday celebrates the first democratically *elected president of Russia in the one-thousand-year history of the state. *

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Luis Alvarez (1911-1988): Mexican American. Physicist. Alvarezis greatest *Contribution to science was his research on subatomic particles, for which he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1968. During World War II he created a ground-controlled radar system for aircraft landings, and later collaborated in the building of the atomic bomb. In 1970 he and his son Walter proposed the theory that the extinction of the dinosaurs had been caused by the collision of a comet of asteroid with the earth. *

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Mary Antin (1881-1949): Jewish Russian American. Writer Coming to the United States at the age of 13 with her family, Mary Antin flourished in her new country, going from first to fifth grade in the Boston public schools in half a year. She soon showed herself to be a gifted writer, published her first poem at 15 and her first book, a narrative of her journey from Russia to the United States, at age 18. She is best known for her autobiographical work iThe Promised Land,i a classic account to immigration and assimilation.

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Carlos Chavez (1899-1978): Mexican. Composer, conductor, and educator. In The course of his long career, Chavez left his mark on nearly every aspect of musical life in Mexicois first symphony orchestra and conducted it for 20 years, introduced modern European music to Mexican audiences, directed the National Conservatory, and overhauled the system of music education in Mexican schools as head of the department of fine arts in the ministry of education. His field research into Mexican folk music enriched his own compositions, which are notable for their complex rhythmic patterns , simple melodic lines and strong percussive effects.