The President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is to accelerate efforts in just 13 countries under its news strategy. But critics say this narrowed focus could lead to a resurgence of the HIV epidemic.

A review of abstinence-only education policies and programmes in the United States (USA) found they violated human rights, stigmatised or excluded youth, reinforced gender stereotypes, and set back HIV and other STI prevention efforts.