^
BULLETIN
OF THE
Brooklyn Entomological
Society
NEW SERIES
Vol. XI •^ I a^
1916 I Y
X EDITED (IN SUCCESSION) BY
F. G. SCHAUPP JOHN B. SMITH GEO. H. HULST
CHAS. LOUIS POLLARD
R. P. DOW
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
CHARLES SCHAEFFER.
J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO,
ROBERT P. DOW.
Press of
THE NEW Era Printing Company
Lancaster, pa.
Dec, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
Mentioned in Volume XL New forms marked *.
Acalypta lillianis* 39
thomsonii, 39
Agrotis violaris, 21
Ailanthus, 114
Alsophila, 69
pometaria, 85
Anarostoma, 15
Anarostomoides* 15
petersoni* 15
Anax Junius, 18
Anisopteryx, 69
Anthocharis genutia, 17
Antiblemma inexacta, 17
Apion, 42
Aprostocetus ulysses,* 112
Aradus cinnamomeus, 90
falleni, 90
shermani, 90
uniformis, 90
Arctia caia, 18
nau, 17
virgo, 90
Ateuchus sacer, 26
csgyptorum, 27
Athous scapularis, 90
Attacus cecropia, 114
calif ornica, 114
Columbia, 114
gloveri, 114
Attalea, 41
Aulonium parallopipedum, 17
tuberculatum, 17
Aulonothroscus rugosiceps,* 63
constrictor, 63
Autographa biloba, 21
Banasa packardi, 91
Bellura gortynides, 90
Bembidium, cannula, 13
litorale, 13
lorquini, 13
pugetanum,,* 13
Betula populifolia, 18
Bombus fiavifrons, 46
pennsylvanicus, 46
Bruchomorpha oculata, ly
Cafius johnsoni,* 13
Callirhytis cornigera, 18
Callosamia .promethea, 17, 114
Calocampa cineritia, 17
curvimacula, 17
Calosoma sycophanta, 18
Calypterus betulce, 18
Cantharis, 26
Canthon, 26
praticola, 81
Carabus limbatus, 18
nemoralis, 17
vinctus, 18
Catocala carissima, 90
elonympha, ly
relicta, 18
Cebrin antennatus,* 107
bicolor, 107
compositus, 108
emarginatus* 108
estriatus, 108
mandibularis, 108
Cephidia textrionis, ly
Ceratomia undulosa, 90
Cereus giganteus, 78
C crura multiscripta, 90
Cetonia, 27
Chalcholepidius viridipennis, 90
Chlcenius pennsylvanicus, 81
Chloridea obsoleta, 42
Chrysomysa csnea, 42
demandata, 40
Cicindela consentanea, 18
cuprascens, 81
formosa, 81
hirticollis, 81
lengii, 81
lepida, 81
macra, 81
modesta, 91
patruela, 18
ponder osa, 81
purpurea, 18
repanda, 81
rugifrons, 91
scutellaris, 81, 91
sex-guttata, 18
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
Cicindela striga, 92
tranqueharica, 81
Cingelia catenaria, 18
Clerus ichneumoneus, 90
Compsothrips albosignatus, 65
Copris, 26
Carolina, 17
Coptodera cerata, 90
Cossonus bohemanni, 79
concinnus, 74, 79
crenatus, 79
elliptic ollis, 79
fossicollis* 74, 78
hubbardi, 74, 77, 79
impressifrons, 79
pacificus,* 74, 75
pinephilus, yy
platalea, 79
quadric ollis, 79
schwarzi,* 74, 76
subareatus, 74, 75
texanus, 74
Cremastochilus nitens, 8t
Creniphilus subcupreus, 47
Cychrus stenostomus, 18, 90
elevatus, 18
shoemakeri, 18
canadensis, 18
pyrsolepis, 90
stenostomus, 90
Cymbiodyta fimbriata, 47
Cryptothrips bicolor, 64
dentipes, 64
gilvipes, 64
/oto^ 64
Decatoma marylandica,* 112
Dermestes pulcher, 91
Diacrisia virginica, 21
latipennis, 21
Dianthus carthusianorum, 46
Dorcus brevis, 70
parallelus carnochani,* 70
Drapetes ecarinatus,* 62
geminatus, 62
niger, 62
nitidus, 62
quadripustulatus, 62
rubricollis, 62
Dysterias abortivalia, ly
Elachistus louisiana, 112
niarylandica,* 112
Elasmocerus terminatus, \y
Endecatoma, 112
Epinaptera americana, 17
Erirhipis herbacea occidentalis,*
Eucetia pudens, 17
Eumceus atala, 91
Euphoria areata, 91
herbacea, 84
Euxesta exilis,* 45
irivittata, 40, 44
Galeroclerus fasciata, 74
trilobatus, 74
Gargaphia angulata, 18
Gaurax, 87
Geopinus fluvialis, 81
Geotrupes opacus, 81
Gerris, 53
Gteo carnosa, 21
Gonatocerus novifasciatus, 112
Gryno charts expansa,* 72
oregonensis, 73
pilosula, y3, 74
quadrilineata, 73
Hadena burgessi, 21
Hepialus argenteomaculatus, 21
auratus, 18
Halictus floridanus ccesareus,* 11
nymphaearum, 11
oceanicus,* 11
Heteromysa, 15
Helluomorpha nigripennis, 90
Homoglcea hircina, \y
Homoptera cingulifera, 21
Hydroessa, 56
Hydrometra australis, 92
martini, 92
Hydrotaea acuta, 109
arnipes, 109
bispinosa, 109
ciliata, 109
cressoni, 109
dentipes, no
houghi,* no
irritans, 109
metatarsata, 109
meteorica, no
militaris, 109
occulta, 109
unispinosa, 109
Idiocerus skurra, \y
Jodia rufago, ly
Laricobius erichsoni, 14
laticoUis,* 14
Lemna, 60
Leptura am,ericana, 90
Libocedrus decurrens, y2, 73
Dec, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
Ligyrus relictus, 81
Liineuitis arthemis, 90
Liodes alpha, 20
Lucanus elaphus carlengi,* 70
Lucilia ccesar, 33
Lygidea mendax,, 18
Lymexylon sericeum, 17
Macrovelia horni, 92
Malacosoma americana, 17
disstria, 17
Marumba modesta, 90
Menecles insertus, 91
Merinus laevis, 90
Merragata hehroides, gf2
Mesovelia bisignata, 92
niulsanti, 92
Microvelia, 53
albonotata, 57
americana, 57
atrata,* 57, 63
bore alls,* 57, 59
capitata, 58
fontinalis,* 57, 58
pulchella, 59
Micrutalis calva, 91
Miscogaster marilandica,* 87
M3;o^ coracinus, 90
cyonejcenj, 18
Nceogeus burmeisteri, 91
pusillus, 91
Necrobia rufipes, 33
Nemosoma attenuatum, 72
cylindricum, 20
fissiceps, 72.
punctatuTit* 71
Neuroctenus simplex, 90
Notogramma stigma, 40, 41
Notoxus arisonensis,* 36
balteatus, 35
bifasciatus, 38
brevicornis,* 34
breviusculus,* 35
calcaratus, 33, 37
cavicornis, 36
delicatus, 36
interm^edius,* 38
montaiius, 2i2i, 35, 37
nevadensis, 35
nuperoides* 33
nuperus, 2Z
pallidus* 35
^imilis* 27
Odontonyx trivittis, go
Odontota hornii, go
CEdaleothrips hookeri,* 64
Oncocnemis riparia, 17
Onthophagus guatemaliensis, 81
Operophtera bruceata, 68
Ophion, 115
Orgyia leucostigma, iii
Orthosteira, 39
Orthostira, 39
Oscinoides* arpidia^* 87
Oxygramma rogationis, 21
Pachnobia salicarum, 17
Paleacrita, 69
vernata, 8S'
Panchrysia purpurigera, 21
Papaipema speciossissima, 18
Pasimachus depressus, 18, 90, 91
Phanceus difformis, 79, 81
Philhydrus nebulosus, 47
ochraceus, 47
Philonthus quadricollis, 14
seminitens, 14
Philosamia cynthia, 114
Phlceosinus sp., 72
sordidus, 14
Phyllophaga, 68
Piesocorynus dispar, go
Pimelia, 2,7
Pimpla, 1 14 _
Pinus sabiniana, 79
Pirene marylandensis* 88 '
marylandicus , 88
Pithanus maerkeli, 18
Pleocoma australis, 12 ^
behrensi, 12
conjungens, 12
fimbriata, 12
. hirticollis, 12
hoppingi, 12
puncticollis, 12
rickseckeri, 12
jto#, 12
ulkei, 12
Podisus fretus* 82
maculiventris, 83
serieventris, 83
Populus tremuloides. 74
Promachus fitchii, 66
milberti, 68
vertebratus, 66
Protoparce Carolina, 21
^^;rto, 21
PsapHidia thaxterianus, 17
Psenoceriis supernotatus, 20
Pseudometagea hillmeadia,* 113
Pseudovespa austriaca, 102
Psithyrus insularis, 46
variabilis, 47
PterosHchus pupuratus, 90
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
Quercus coccinea, i8
palitstris, i8
Renia tilo salts, 17
Rhagovelia, 53
ohesa, 55
salina, 56
Rheumat abates, 55
Rhus copalina, 20
bra, 20
typhina, 103
Saprinus sp. 81
Scaphinotus shoemakeri, go
ScarabcBus, 26
Scop,elosoma sidus, 17
tristigmata, ly
Seioptera vibrans, 40, 46
Selenophorus sp., 81
Smerinthtis astarte, 90
geminatus, 21
Solanum, 41
Soronia ulkei, ly
Sphczridium scarahceoides. 81
Sphenophorus destructor, 81
Sphex, 32
Sphida obliqua, 90
Sphinx chersis, 91
Sthenopis 4-maculatus, 21
Strategus mormon, 79
Strongylium terminatum, 90
Tceniocampa alia, 17
rubescens, 17
Tenebrioides ' mauritanica, ly
Tetraopes canescens, 81
Tetrastichomyia clisiocampae, iii
orygae* iii
siluensis, ill
Tettix sp., 91
Throscus carinicollis^ 63
chevrolati, 63
Tortricidia testacea, 17
Trechus borealis, 90
Tricrania sanguinipennis, 17, 91
Tritoxa rufipes, 40
Trochopus marinus, 56
Trogosita virescens, \y
Tropisternus glaber, 47
lateralis, 47
Trydymus aureipes, 88
Vanessa milberti, ly
Velia, S3
australis* 54
currens, 53
rivulorum, 53
stagnalis, 54
Veliomopha, 56
Vespa, 32, loi
americana, 103
arborea. 103
austriaca, 103
^'^'^ealis, 103
Carolina, 104
communis, 104
consobrina, 102
diabolica, 104
geramnica, 104
intermedia, 103
maculata, 104
occidentalis, 104
pennsylvanica, 104
rM/a, 103
sulphurea, 104
vidua, 104
vulgaris. 104
Volucella obesa, 46
Xanthoptera semiflava, 17
Xylina antennata, vy
bethunei, ly
disposita,. 21
fagina, 21
unimoda, ly
Vol. XI
FEBRUARY, 1916
No. 1
BULLETIN
OF THE
Brooklyn Entomological
Society
NEW SERIES
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
CHARLES SCHAEFFER,
Chairman
J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO,
Advertising Manager
ROBERT P. DOW,
Editor
Published by the Society
Piice» 23 cents Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issues)
CONTENTS
LIST OF THE FAMILIES OF COLEOPTERA IN AMERICA,
Leng I
THE WEAVER OF THE WEB, Dow 6
TWO NEW BEES FROM NEW JERSEY, Cockerel! ii
THE GENUS PLEOCOMA, Davis ii
THREE NEW COLEOPTERA FROM WASHINGTON STATE,
Fall ., 13
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF HELOMYZIDAE, Malloch. . 14
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY 17
NOTE ON PSENOCERUS SUPERNOTATUS, Dow 20
THE DANCE OF THE GHOST MOTH, Keith 21
BULLETIN ^
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Vol. XI February, 1916 No. i
A LIST OF THE FAMILIES OF COLEOPTERA IN AMERICA,
NORTH OF MEXICO.
By Charles W. Leng, 33 Murray St., N. Y. City.
The following list is based on the work of Brues and Melander
("Key to the Families of North American Insects," 1915), with
some corrections, the authorities for which are given in the notes.
It is published at this time in the hope of ehciting such comment
from the students of the Coleoptera that, in the event of a new
Check List being published, the materials for a satisfactory ar-
rangement of the families, after free discussion by those inter-
ested, may be available. It may be added that the work on which
the list is based, for which we are most grateful to the authors,
gives the definition of the family names employed, and is stated
to be in turn based on the works of Sharp and Ganglbaur ; and
that it coincides, in the main, with the " Catalogus Coleopter-
rorum" of Junk, as far as that work has been completed. The
differences between its classification and that of Leconte and
Horn, repeated in Henshaw's Check List, are the result of the
studies during the last forty years of a host of Coleopterists,
who have corrected conclusions derived by Leconte, mainly from
consideration of the external adult characters, by studies of the
larvae in some families and by studies of the fossil insects in
others; as well as by studies in some groups of the internal
anatomy. The differences are not always very great, consisting
often in treating Leconte's subfamilies as families or vice versa,
or in changes in the relative position of the families. Of such
changes in position, the greatest is in according the highest rank
to the beetles with lamellate antennae, a course which most
1
2 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
readers are probably already prepared to adopt, except possibly
as it affects the relative position of the Rhynchophora.
The Rhynchophora were regarded by Leconte practically
as a suborder, strongly differentiated by the rigid palpi, single
gular suture, legless larvae and, usually, by the beak. A con-
tinuance of this division would still permit of ending the Coleop-
tera genuina with the heteromerous, phytophagous and lamelli-
corn series in successively advanced rank, and avoid interpolat-
ing the Rhynchophora between them. Furthermore the Rhyn-
chophora as a suborder would be more logically connected
through the Brenthidse with the Rhysodidse of the Adephagous
series, and through the Anthribidse with the Bruchidas of the
Phytophagous series, than they would be if regarded as merely
a series of equal taxonomic value with other series. I should
therefore personally prefer to transpose the position of families
90 to 93 so that they would follow families 94 to 97, but separated
as a suborder so as to leave the Scarabseidse at the end of Coleop-
tera genuina.
On this as well as on the minor points covered by the notes I
shall be glad to receive the comment of the reader. No such
changes, however based purely on personal opinion, have been
here made ; the arrangement of the families follows that of Brues
and Melander except as noted below where there is a conflict of
authorities.
Order COLEOPTERA
Suborder ADEPHAGA
1. Carabidse^ 5. Gyrinidse
2. Haliplidas 6. Rhysodidae
3. Amphizoidae 7. Cupedidae^
4. Dytiscidae
Suborder POLYPHAGA
Series Palpicornia
8. Hydrophilidae
Feb., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
Series Staphyliniformia
9. Silphidse
10. Scydmaenidse
11. Leptinidae
12. Clambidae
13. Orthoperidas^
14. Ptiliidse*
15. Sphseriidse
22. Lycidse
23. Lampyridse
24. Telephoridas
25. Malachiidse
16. Hydroscaphidae
17. Scaphidiidse
18. Platypsyllidse
19. Staphylinidse
20. Pselaphidse
21. Histeridse
Series Malacodermata
26. Melyridse^
27. Cleridse
28. Corynetidss
29. Derodontidse
Series Cucujoidea
30. Cucujidse
31. Trogositidse*'
32. Nitidulidse
33. Rhizophagidse'^
34. Erotylidae
35. Mycetseidse
36. Cryptophagidse
37. Phalacridse
38. Lathridiidse
Series Clavicornia
46. Byturidse
47. Dermestidse
39. Tritomidse^
40. Monoedidse^
41. Colydiidse
42. Cioidse
43. Sphindidse
44. Endomychidse
45. Coccinellidse
Series Brachymera
48. Nosodendridse
49. Byrrhidse
50. Georyssidae
51. Heteroceridse
52. Helodidse
Series Macrodactylia
53. Eucinetidse
54. Parnidse^°
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
55. Chelonariidse
56. Dascillidse
58. Cebrionidse
59. Elateridse
62. Buprestidse
63. Lymexylonidse
64. Micromalthidse
65. Bostrichidse
69. Oedemeridse
70. Cephaloonidse
71. Pythidse
y2. Pyrochroidse
73. Hylophilidse
74. Pedilidse
75. Anthicidse
76. Melandryidse
yy. Scraptidse
87. Cerambycidse
88. Chrysomelidas
Series Serricornia
57. Rhipiceridse
Series Sternoxia
60. Eucnemidse
61. Throscidse
Series Buprestoidea
Series Teridilia
66. Lyctidse
67. Ptinidse
68. Anobiidae
Series Heteromera
78. Monommidse
79. Othniidse
80. Aegialitidse
81. Lagriidse
82. Alleculid^"
83. Tenebrionidse
84. Meloidse
85. Mordellidse
86. Rhipiphoridse
Series Phytophaga
89. Bruchidas
90. Brenthidse
91. Anthribidse^^
94. Lucanidse
95. Sinodendridse
Series Rhynchophora
92. Curculionidse
93. Scolytidse^^
Series Lamellicornia
96. Passalidae
97. Scarabasidse^*
Feb., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
Order STREPSIPTERA
98 Xenid^^^
1. Cicindelidse of Henshaw's Check List are included as a subfamily of
Carabidse in accordance with Dr. Walther Horn's work in Genera In-
sectorum.
2. Cupedidte is the spelling used in recent works in place of Cupesidae.
3. Orthoperidse is equivalent to Corylophidas as far as our fauna is con-
cerned. A family called Aphenocephalidse, Pseudocorylophidse or Disco-
lomidse by different authors is, however, separable in tropical America and
may possibly be found in southern Florida at some future time.
4. Ptiliidse is used in recent works instead of Trichopterygidse.
5. Melyridse are separated as a family by Col. Thomas L. Casey (Ann.
N. Y. Ac. Sci., VIII, 456) and the excellent reasons given appear to have
been overlooked.
6. The family Trogositidae has been called Temnochilidse by most recent
authors ; also Ostomidse and Ostomatidas ; and has been by some divided
into two families. Until the promised revision by Mr. Charles Schaeffer
appears, it seems best to retain the name used in the Henshaw Check List.
7. The Rhizophagidse are treated as a separate family by A. Mequignon
in the Junk Catalogue and are omitted by A. Grouvelle in his treatment
of the Nitidulidae.
8. Tritomidse is used instead of Mycetophagidse following Casey (Journ.
N. Y. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1900).
9. Monoedidse is used instead of Adimeridse because Monoedus Horn has
precedence over Adimerus Sharp.
10. The name Parnidse is retained because there has been much argu-
ment as to the validity of Dryops, the priority of which name has led
many to call the family Dryopidse.
11. The name Alleculidae is used by F. Borchmann in the Junk Cata-
logus, following Seidlitz instead of Cistelidse.
12. The name Anthribidse may have to be changed on grounds of pri-
ority; but it seems best to await the completion of the studies of Dr. W.
Dwight Pierce in the synonymy of the Rhynchophora.
13. Dr. A. D. Hopkins has shown that Scolytidae (not Ipidae) is the
proper name for this family; and that Platypodidse of many authors is
more correctly treated as a subordinate division.
14. The Trogidae are separated as a family by Brues and Melander; but,
being treated as a subfamily of Scarabaeidae by Mr. Gilbert J. Arrow in
the Junk Catalogus, the same course is here followed.
15. The Xenidae are equivalent to Dr. Leconte's Stylopidae and are in-
cluded for that reason though not Coleoptera.
6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
THE WEAVER OF THE WEB.
By R. p. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y.
It is hardly conceivable that there is any human art older than
that of weaving, and for it Mistress Spider (the male spider toils
not, neither does he spin) has stood prototypical always. A word
to describe the process must be as old as the process itself and it
has never changed greatly. The word web is merely the past par-
ticiple of the verb, to weave. The spider is called in the Sanscrit
language urnavabi, a compound, wool-weaver. It is but a step
from vah to web. The corresponding Greek word is huphe.
The Greeks did not retain the idea of wool in the spider's name,
although their garments were for the most part woolen. It would
seem that in primitive India cotton had not replaced wool.
The Greeks called the spider arachne. This is the spelling of
Homer. Hesiod and Pindar spelled it arachnes. In the works of
Aeschylus it became arachnos. In all later Greek it was again
arachne. The Latin makes a direct step to aranea. The Ger-
manic peoples took a different root, although keeping the original
one to indicate weaving. Spider is merely spindler. A spindle
is the stick on which the thread is wound, becoming slendered as
thread is drawn into warp or woof. The word thread has no
relation to the spider. It means that which is drawn and is akin
to the Latin traho.
The word arachne did not originate in Greece. Nor did it at
first refer to the spider. There is an Indo-Germanic root, ark.
It seems to mean a completely covered receptacle to serve as a
hiding place either for a person or thing. As arcanum it still
retains this idea. As arcane it differs. It is the two parallel
bars of wood to which the weavers fastened their threads. Per-
haps it developed into a more elaborate loom, far more service-
able than hand weaving. If this be so, it would explain the
myth of Arachne, which, while recorded by late poets, is as old
as Greece, if not older.
Arachne was a maiden, the most skilful weaver (or, more
probably embroiderer) in Greece. She dared to compete with
the Goddess Athene herself and spread upon her web remarkable
Feb., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 7
tapestry effects depicting the failings of the Gods. By all ac-
counts her work compared well with that of the Goddess, but
who can stand against high Olympus ? A tap of Athene's wand
and the mortal became a spider and her handiwork the radiat-
ing web the centre of which was to be her perpetual home.
A spider gave the central idea of the great Homeric poem, the
Odyssey. The essential word here is penizo, which seems to
mean weaving in some way that is easily unraveled, perhaps
knitting. Penelope is the spider-eyed weaver, who stays at home
constructing each day a work to be undone each night. Odysseus
was the wanderer, the typical male of the species.-
When Xenophon spoke of what is undoubtedly a spider he
used the word phalanx. Aristotle recognizes two groups of
spider, arachncB and phalangia, the latter including the harvest-
men still known as Phalangidse, having long legs. Here, then,
is an entirely different metaphor, accentuating the eight legs and
two mandibles. The word phalanx (plural phalangai) has had a
curious career. Its first significance is the ten fingers of the two
hands. By Homer's time it was restricted to ten particular joints
in the hands, as it is now. In the singular, phalanx, Homer uses
the word to mean a body of men in close array for offence and
defence, so combined to remind one of two hands with ten ex-
tended fingers. This significance has ever since clung to the
word.
In the nebulous portion of Greek antiquity some huge octopus,
perhaps not unlike those still inhabiting the northern seas but
long extinct in the Mediterranean, came to that shore and found
victims enough to make it long remembered. Some eye witness,
describing the creature, used his two hands with extended fingers
as an illustration. It was like a huge phalanx, he said. Thus it
came to have a name — phalsena. The name became applied to
the next sea monster. The whale, also, has been extinct in the
Mediterranean during all historic time, but the ancestors of the
Romans remembered the creature and adopted the Greek name as
halcena. Of that particular balccna whose enforced guest was the
Hebrew, Jonah no acquaintance could be more desirable.
The original phalcena was a devastator from the sea. The
Greeks passed the name on to a land devastator which, collec-
8 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. Xi
lively, destroyed whole fields of crops. Its nature would be
unknown had not Hesychius, an Alexandrian grammarian of un-
certain date, explained that it developed into a Psyche — a Lepi-
dopterous insect. Surely, then, it was the larva of Noctuid or
Geometrid, probably the cut worm spreading in as many direc-
tions as ten fingers can point.
The apparently ten-legged spider stands as a symbol for the
basis of all arithmetical computation. Ten thousand years be-
fore the Arabic numerals were invented the only . way that the
shepherd could tell the tale of his flock was by his fingers. Large
sums became multiples of the phalangia. The Zend people,
6,000 years B. C, were so simple that they could only count in
this way. To describe a rich man the Avesta spoke of him as
owning i,ooo Bactrian camels, i,ooo horses, i,ooo cattle, and
10,000 sheep. This last is beyond the counting power of the
shepherd. The princely warrior could conceive only one greater
number and he was compelled to call that " innumerable." He
prayed to the Goddess of the Irans that he might slay of the
Turan enemy — of those who had slain 10 he might slay 100, of
those who had slain 100 he might slay 1,000; of the thousand
killers that he might slay 10,000 ; and of the myriad slayers that
he might slay innumerable. When the armies of Xerxes assailed
Greece their numbers transcended imagination. They could only
be computed in the next phalangic multiple, millions. In all the
ancient battles the victors claimed the dead were in myriads or
multiples of the phalangic unit.
The phalangic unit describes the ant, which is the mike of the
older Zend, the name amplified by the statement that it occurs in
colonies too numerous to be counted. Muria plus mike became
myrme.v. The Romans, losing sight of the root meaning of the
word, translated it phonetically as formica. The two English
words, which seem to be synonyms, are emmet (of which ant is
a mere contraction) and pismire. This is a compound word.
The last syllable was carried away in Indo-Germanic times and
is muria, ten thousand. The first syllable is due to the habit of'
certain species of ejecting formic acid when put on the defensive.
Aristotle (331 B. C.) attempted a Httle personal observation
of spiders and has this to say: "All web-spinning spiders unite
Feb., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 9
thus : The female draws a thread from the middle of the web
and the male draws it back again. This they do many times until
they meet and unite back to back, this method of copulation suit-
ing them because of the size of their abdomens. They produce
small maggots which metamorphose into spiders, not from a part
but from the whole of the maggot, for they are round from the
first. When the female has produced her ova she incubates on
them, and in three days they acquire legs. All species produce
their young in a web, some kinds thin and small, others compact.
Some are entirely enclosed in a round receptacle, others only
partially covered by web. All the young are not produced simul-
taneously, but as soon as they are hatched each leaps out, exud-
ing a thread of its own. If bruised their contents is found to be
a thick white fluid like that of maggots.
" The field spiders first of all deposit their ova in a web, one
end attached to their body and the other free, and they incubate
thereon, producing the young alive. The phalangia weave a
thick basket in which they lay their eggs and over which they
incubate. The smooth kinds produce a small number of off-
spring, the phalangia proper many. When grown the young
surround the parent, kill her and throw her out. They often
seize the male in the same way, when opportunity comes while he
is assisting the female in incubation. Sometimes there are as
many as 300 young in a single brood. They become full grown
in about four weeks.
"There are many kinds of arachnia and phalangia, two of the
latter which bite. One is called psylla and resembles those
known as lykoi (wolves). It is small, variegated, pointed and an
active jumper. The other is black, larger and with long fore-
legs. It moves slowly and can scarcely walk, being neither strong
nor able to jump.
" There is another group of those called wolves, one species of
which is small and makes no web. Another species is larger and
makes a coarse web of inferior quality on the ground or in
hedges. If on the ground it is over a chink in the soil with the
apex of its funnel extending downward. Here the spider keeps
guard, running out whenever something falls within reach. The
variegated kind makes a small inferior web in trees. There is a
10 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
third species which is exceedingly skillful and graceful. This
begins the weaving operation by extending threads in all direc-
tions so far as the web is to cover. It then determines the cen-
ter accurately, and from this point starts with a new thread,
weaving, so to speak, the woof which is to connect all the threads
of the warp. Its sleeping place and store room are put at some
little distance. It watches for prey at the web center. An in-
sect caught anywhere stirs the center, whereupon the spider sur-
rounds and encloses it with web tissue until it becomes resistless.
Then it is carried to the store room. If hungry the spider sucks
the victim at once, for this is the way she takes her food. If
not, she hurries back to wait for more prey, stopping only to
mend the tears in the web. If in her absence any new victim
has become entangled she goes first to the center of the web,
thence as before to the attack. If her web be destroyed, she
begins spinning another at sunset, for then prey is most abundant.
Only the female makes webs and catches prey. The male merely
enjoys it with her.
" There are two species of the graceful spiders which spin
thick webs, one large and one small. The long-legged kind
watches from above the web so as not to alarm a creature which
would otherwise fall in. This is because her size prevents her
from being inconspicuous. The smaller kind hides in a little
upper chamber.
" Spiders have the power of ejecting web material as soon as
they are born. The tissue does not come from within their
bodies, as Democritus asserts, but from the surface, like the bark
of a tree or the quills of a porcupine.
" Spiders will attack and surround with web animals much
larger than themselves, even small lizards. They first enweb
the mouths of their victims, then approach and bite. The ich-
neumons and the gecko lizards are great enemies of the spider."
While Aristotle's observations are sometimes far from accu-
rate, he did pretty well for a pioneer. Nicander of Cos studied
the subject a century or so later. He catalogued thirty species
of spiders, treating of their use in medicine. His written work
is lost, but we have the testimony of Pliny, the Roman, on the
subject.
Fcb.,i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 11
TWO NEW BEES FROM NEW JERSEY.
By T. D. a. Cockerell, Boulder, Colo.
Halictus floridanus caesareus subs. nov. — ?. A little smaller ; face and
front dark blue, the clypeus shining; mesothorax blue-black, densely and
finely punctured, dull; scutellum somewhat shining, purple-blue; area of
metathorax blue-black; abdomen without metallic tints. As in H. flori-
danus Rob., the head is oval, with a narrow face, and the hind spurs have
extraordinarily long spines.
Hob. — Ocean Grove, N. J., July 12, 1893 ; collector unknown. The name
is derived, from the ancient name of Jersey. This looks like a distinct
species, but it agrees in structure with a specimen of H. floridanus re-
ceived from Robertson, though the color is very different.
Halictus oceanicus sp. nov. — ?. Length about 6.5 mm. ; robust, rather
dark blue-green, with dull white hair ; tegulae rufopiceous, well punctured
on anterior half, rounded behind ; wings hyaline, conspicuously suffused
with reddish, stigma and nervures ferrugineous ; areas of metathorax with
very coarse rugs ; posterior truncation very sharply margined ; abdomen
dark green, shining, polished, hind margins of segments suffusedly red-
dish, fourth segment rather thinly covered with white hair; hind spur
with long spines. Closely related to H. nymphcEaruni Rob., but differing
thus : Areas of metathorax with fewer rugae, wings reddish, abdomen
strongly metallic ; both head and thorax distinctly narrower. It is, per-
haps, a subspecies of nymphaarum, but if so a very distinct one.
Hab. — Ocean Grove, N. J., July 12, 1893 ; collector unknown.
THE GENUS PLEOCOMA.
By Alonzo Davis, Pasadena, Cal.*
This genus, in all its members, is very rare and also very
peculiar. Their mouth parts are quite undeveloped and they
can take no nourishment, so consequently they live but a few
days. After the first rain of the year that soaks down into the
ground far enough to loosen the earth where they are, the
beetles come to the surface. The males come out and fly but
* This paper was submitted by the writer as a composition in the regu-
lar course of grammar-school work. The writer is one of the phalanx
of youths who support the three active natural history societies of the
vicinity and gather to the aid of the entomological department of the
Southwest Museum of Los Angeles.
12 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
the females simply open a passage to the surface, staying in the
ground. The males come and find them.
Little or nothing is known of the life histories of these beetles.
They live almost wholly underground, and are always found in
mountains. There are, as I have been able to find out, ten
species of these beetles, all living in California or the West
Coast. They are as follows :
P. fimbriata Lee. Found in the middle Sierras.
P. Behrensi Lee. In the mountains around San Francisco Bay.
P. Rickseckeri Horn. Mountains north of San Francisco.
P. hirticollis Schauf. Is found in the same locality.
P. conjungens Horn. In the Santa Cruz Mountains.
P. Ulkei Horn. Is found in Utah.
P. staff Schauf. Is found in Oregon.
P. australis Fall. Sierra Madre Mountains.
P. Hoppingi Fall. In the San Joaquin Mountains.
P. puncticollis Rivers.
There has been a stray elytra picked up in the Santa Cruz ( ?)
Mountains which might prove to be from a new species, but
nobody can tell much from just one wing cover.
I found three specimens of a Pleocoma on the Mt. Wilson trail
on Dec. 19, 1914. They may be a new species. They are now
in the possession of Prof. H. C. Fall, who has named two new
species of the genus. They were all males. If I had not at
that time been ignorant of the habits of the genus, I undoubtedly
could have gotten some females, as their holes were fairly thick
in the trail.
They are apt to be found almost anywhere in the mountains,
so it is well to be ready for them. I neglected to take my
cyanide, as it was quite late for insects to be out, and as there
was snow on the ground about half way up the mountain.
When I found the beetles I put two of them in a small tin box
and the other I tied up in the corner of my handkerchief. In-
side the box the beetles were having strenuous times. The
smaller one pried the head and thorax off the big one, and so
I took them all out, and came home with the three tied up in the
corners of my handkerchief, as the box was pretty well squashed
from my sitting on it during a snowball fight.
Feb., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 1 3
THREE NEW COLEOPTERA FROM WASHINGTON STATE.
By H, C. Fall, Pasadena, Cal.
Bembidiurti pugetanum n. sp. Form nearly as in lorquini, or the Euro-
pean Utorale, viridiseneous, surface alutaceous, palpi and antennae dark
metallic, the latter with basal joint pale beneath, femora at base and tibise
beneath pale.
■ Mentum tooth triangular. Prothorax one half wider than long, very
slightly wider at base than at apex, sides moderately rounded in front and
sinuate behind, narrowly margined; hincf angles rectangular and a little
prominent; disk evenly alutaceo-reticulate, with feeble traces of trans-
verse wrinkles, hind angles with a short oblique carina ; submedian margi-
nal seta present. Elytra fully one half wider than the prothorax, striae
moderately punctate, the fourth not distinctly sinuate, intervals 2-4 with
purpHsh black stripe, more extended on the third — on which are the
usual two squarish impressions. Body beneath greenish black, shining.
Length 6 mm.; width 2.45 mm. (type c?).
Described from two examples (c? ?) taken at Seattle, Washington, by
Prof. O. B. Johnson.
This species, by the form of the mentum tooth, the presence of
the median marginal seta of the prothorax, and the carinate hind
angles of the latter, would in my table* be placed near cannula,
which however it does not very much resemble. In cannula the
prothorax is more strongly transverse, the surface lustre more
or less cupreous.
Cafius johnsoni n. sp. Black, the inflexed margins of the elytra, legs,
and ventral segments sometimes more or less brownish. Antennae black,
not reaching the middle of the prothorax, joints 5-10, gradually becoming
a little wider than long. Head — exclusive of mandibles — squarish, often
larger in the male, strongly shining, with a minute wavy strigillation which
disappears at the middle of the disk, an externally arcuate series of three
large punctures on each side of the disk, and two or three others at the
hind angles. Prothorax subequal in width to the head, slightly longer
than wide, sides parallel, surface throughout polished, each side of the
middle a series of four punctures, the posterior one more distant, with a
few similar coarse punctures anteriorly toward the sides. Elytra a little
longer than the prothorax, evenly, closely, rather coarsely punctate ; pu-
bescence thin, dusky, inclined, and with several series of widely spaced
longer erect setae. Abdomen similarly thinly pubescent, the hairs more
recumbent, punctuation finer than on the elytra; beneath more coarsely
* Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XXXVI, p. 94.
14 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
punctate than above, sixth segment of male with a moderately deep sub-
equilateral triangular emargination. Front tarsi very slightly dilated,
scarcely more evidently so in the male.
Length 6.5-7.5 mm. Seattle, Washington.
For the series in my cabinet I am indebted to Prof. O. B.
Johnson, of the University of Washington. This is a very dis-
tinct species, qtiite different in general appearance from any
other in our fauna ; in fact its resemblance to certain species of
Philonthus — such as quadricollis or sordidus — is much more
marked. In its strongly shining head and prothorax it is only
approached by seminitens, after which it should be placed,
although really belonging to the group which follows, from all
of which the highly polished prothorax will separate it.
Laricobius laticoUis n. sp. A series of specimens from Seattle, Wash-
ington, differ so constantly in several respects from L. erichsoni that I
have no hesitation in pronouncing them distinct. The form is perceptibly
stouter than in erichsoni, the color above uniformly testaceous or rufo-
testaceous, head brownish piceous, body beneath black, the legs and pro-
pleura rufotestaceous. The prothorax is more strongly transverse than
in erichsoni, and the erect hairs of the upper surface are shorter. There
is no trace in any of the fourteen examples before me of the elytral, su-
tural and lateral blackish stripes so constant in erichsoni.
Length 2.25-2.5 mm. In erichsoni the length is seldom as great as
2.25 mm.
I am indebted to Prof. O. B. Johnson, who writes that they
were taken from Douglas fir on the campus of the University of
Washington, February and April. He has the species also from
Columbia Gorge.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF HELOMYZID^
C> (DIPTERA).
By J. R. Malloch, Urbana, 111.
The genus described herewith may be recognized as a helo-
myzid by the distinctly spined costa, the very small size of the
calyptrse, the absence of tibial bristles except at apices, and by
the venation. The vibrissse are not differentiated. The first
example of the species that was taken, a female, proved a puzzle
Feh.,i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 15
to me, though I had no doubt as to its being a helomyzid. Being
unable to place it in any genus known to me, I made an attempt
to obtain the male, hoping that it would clear up certain points
for me, and fortunately succeeded in obtaining a single specimen.
Much as I deprecate the erection of genera for the reception of
single species, there appears to be no way out of it in this case,
as the combination of characters possessed by the species is not
met with in any genus in the family, and its habitus does not
correspond closely to that of any other except, in some respects,
to that of Heteromysa. From Heteromysa it is readily separated
by the very much more widely separated eyes of the male, the
longer costal spines, and the absence of mesopleural bristles in
both sexes. Anarostoma is the most closely related North
American genus yet described, but its species have mesopleural
bristles and, as is the case in all the other genera, the first vein
ends proximad of the vertical line of the inner cross-vein or just
in hne with the latter instead of very distinctly distad of it as is
the case in the present genus.
Anarostomoides, n. gen.
Generic characters. — Male, female: eyes widely separated;
orbits with 2 pairs of bristles ; postvertical bristles small, cruciate;
face retreating, upper mouth-margin not sharply defined ; vibrissae
not well differentiated, represented by 2 weak hairs ; cheeks
almost subquadrate, nearly as high as eye ; antennae of moderate
size, arista subpubescent. Bristles of disc of mesonotum irregu-
lar, the dorso-centrals consisting of 7 pairs, the anterior 2 pairs
in front of suture ;* humeral bristle present ; mesopleura without
bristles ; sternopleura with 2 bristles on the upper posterior angle
and numerous long hair-like bristles on the lower portion ; scutel-
lum with 6 bristles. First vein ending distinctly beyond the
inner cross-vein.
Type of genus, Anarostomoides petersoni, n. sp.
Anarostomoides petersoni n. sp. Male. — Black, opaque, the ground-color
everywhere obscured with dense grayish pruinescence. Frons slightly
brownish or reddish anteriorly ; face reddish testaceous ; antennae deep
* This may be an abnormal specimen, and possibly the usual number of
dorso-centrals is S pairs.
16 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
black ; proboscis brown ; palpi yellowish, darkened apically. Mesonotum
with faint indications of a narrow brown vitta along the line of dorso-
centrals. Legs not so densely pruinescent as the thorax, knees very nar-
rowly reddish. Wings clear or slightly grayish, the veins black. Halteres
testaceous, the knobs brownish yellow.
Orbits not clearly differentiated, the whole frons opaque, lower orbital
bristle slightly weaker than upper, both directed out over eye; surface of
frons with numerous short black setulse on anterior half; third antennal
joint rounded apically; arista barely longer than width of frons, sub-
pubescent, swollen at base. Acrostichal bristles irregular, about 3 rows
between the dorso-centrals ; disc of mesonotum with a few rather widely
separated setulose hairs ; mesopleura bare ; pteropleura bare ; scutellum
bare on disc, with 6 marginal bristles. Abdomen slender; hypopygium of
moderate size, recurved on venter. Legs rather strong, fore femora
much incrassated, twice as thick as mid pair, their ventral surface covered
with short, closely placed hairs and very short bristles; basal joint of fore
tarsus much shorter than second, armed at its apex with a claw-like spur ;
mid and hind femora without bristles ; fore and hind tibiae each with a
single weak preapical dorsal bristle; mid pair with about 6 apical bristles.
Costa with numerous soft, short hairs and a series of distinct short bris-
tles, an indistinct break in costa just proximad of the auxiliary vein, the
latter joining costa in line with inner cross-vein; first vein joining costa
but little proximad of a point midway between the cross veins ; anal vein
complete; outer cross vein about half its own length from wing margin.
Female. — Differs from the male in having the fore femora normal in
form and with a number of long, curved, slender bristles on ventral sur-
face; the basal joint of fore tarsus much longer than the second and
unarmed apically; the mid femora with a number of short bristles on the
anterior surface, and the preapical tibial bristles slightly stronger.
Length : male, 6 mm., wing, 6 mm. ; female, 5 mm., wing, 5.5 mm.
Type locality, Urbana, 111.; male, November 13, 1915 (J. R.
Malloch) ; female, November 11, 191 5 (A. Peterson), — both
specimens taken in or near the Forestry of the University of
Illinois. No data was obtained as to the habits of the species,
but the male which I captured was taken close to the plot devoted
to the culture of vegetables, and may have been associated with
the decaying vegetable matter.
The species is dedicated to Mr. Alvah Peterson, who captured
the first specimen.
Feb.,i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 17
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY.
Meeting of April 15, 1915 : — Fourteen members present. Mr. Herman
Greenwald was elected to membership. Long Island records ; Tricrania
sanguinipennis Say, reported by Mr. Dow from Central Park; Tcenio-
campa rubescens, T. alia, Xylina unitnoda, X. antennata, X. bethunei,
Calocampa cineritia, C. curvimacula, Jodia rufago, Seopelosoma sidus, S.
tristigmata, all reported from the island by Mr. Engelhardt ; Mr. McElvaire
reported Oncognemis riparis at Northport. Mr. Olsen recorded Idiocerus
skurra at Huntington, and also Bruchomorpha oculata.
Scientific programme : The Medico-Entomology of Pliny, by Mr. R. P.
Dow. Mr. E. Shoemaker showed a collection of Long Island insects, in-
cluding new records — Renia tilosalis Smith, Antiblemma inexacta Walker,
Auloniuni parallelopipedutn Say, A. tuberculatum Leconte, Soronia ulkei
Leconte, Lymexyon sericeum Harris, Elasmocerus terminatus Say, from
Rockaway and Malaga, Trogosita virescens from Rockaway Beach.
Meeting of May 13 : — Eleven members and four visitors present.
Long Island records : Cephidia textrionis, Wyandanch, by Mr. Engel-
hardt; Epinaptera amcricana, by Mr. Doll; Anthocharis genutia. Forest
Park, by Mr. Megner ; Carabus nemoraiis, the European form, was re-
ported by Mr. Davis from Staten Island, May 10, who also stated that it
had been reported from Newark, N. J., Bronx, N. Y., and Brooklyn ; Mr.
F. M. Schott was reported to have taken it about White Plains, New York.
Programme : Mr. Olsen, " The Jassids of Long Island," to be published
later in this Bulletin. Mr. Dow concluded " The Medico-Entomology of
Pliny." Mr. Bueno exhibited a box of Heteroptera from British India,
and directed attention to their very marked and characteristic facies.
Meeting of June 10: — Thirteen members and one visitor present.
Long Island records : Mr. Olsen reported Carabus nemoraiis from Mas-
peth ; Mr. Pasch, Copris Carolina from Brooklyn ; Mr. Doll reported a
hermaphroditic Callosamia promethea, with upper side of right wing with
male markings and lower side female, taken at Flushing; Vanessa mil-
berti, from Wyandanch ; Mr. Weeks reported Arctia nais from Patchogue ;
Mr. Doll also reported Psaphidia thaxterianus Grote, from Wyandanch ;
Mr. Engelhardt referred to the tent caterpillars, Malacosoma americana
and Malacosoma disstria and their exceeding destructiveness on the Island.
On willow he had secured Homoglaea hircina and on the bloom Pachnobia
salicarum, Eucetia pudens and Catocala elonympha were also secured on
April at Merrick, L. I., where Tortricida testacea, Xanthoptera semiflava
and Dysterias abortivalia were also taken.
Mr. Bueno showed a larva of Tenebriodes mauretanica which had been
found in a sealed package of epsom salt early in May. (N. B. — This
lived till late July without any food.)
18 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
Programme: Mr. Dow spoke on Mr. J. Turner Brakeley and his won-
derful place at Lahaway, N. J.
Meeting of October 14: — Seventeen members present and one visitor,
Mr. H. H. Knight, of Cornell, a specialist on Miridse.
The programme was the usual informal report by members on the col-
lecting season. Mr. Franck reported catching Hepialus auratus in Sulli-
van County, New York ; Mr. Bueno recorded the interesting Tingid, Gar-
gaphia angulata, from White Plains, first record for the state ; Mr. Nicolay
reported the olive-green form of Cicindela sexguttata from Henryville
and C. patruela abundant at Mt. Pocono ; along the Potomac he had caught
Cychrus stenostomus, elevatus and shoemakeri; on the top of Storm King
Mountain, New York, he had found Cicindela purpurea.
Mr. Shoemaker reported taking ten Cychrus canadensis near Winne-
saukee Lake, Ulster Co., N. Y.
Mr. Schott recorded Calosoma sycophanta in Flatbush and on Fire
Island Beach; Cicindela consentanea from Wyandanch, April, and Cin-
gelia catenaria very abundant in Babylon on October 3. Mr. Doll re-
ported larvae of Papaipema speciossisima on golden rod.
Mr. Engelhardt reported swarms of Anax Junius in a clearing in a wood
near Tangiers, L. I. ; from Yaphank, Cychrus elevatus, in an old and
abandoned cistern, and Myas cyanescens.
Mr. Dow reported Catocala relicta from Flatbush and Arctia caia from
Sullivan Co.
Mr. Olsen reported a catch of forty or fifty specimens of Pithanus
mccrkeli from Maspeth, a Palsearctic species heretofore unknown from
North America. Mr. Bueno reported this also for White Plains. Mr.
Olsen also recorded the Aphid Calypterus betulce from Betula .populifolia.
Mr. Davis showed the Mirid Lygidea niendax, from Yaphank, L. I.,
taken on July 26, 1908, first record from the island.
November 11 meeting: — Fourteen members and one visitors present.
Mr. Weeks exhibited a live Pdsimachus depressus from Yaphank; Mr.
Davis showed the gall of Callirhytis cornigera, usually to be found on
Quercus palustris, but this on Q. coccinea, from Massapequa, L. I., July 11.
Programme : Mr. Bueno's paper on the Hemiptera Heteroptera of Yap-
hank was read in his absence, with exhibition of the rarer species there-
from, to be published later in the Bulletin. Mr. Dow showed a large
number of plaster casts of insect burrows, by the late Mr. Brakeley, the
originator of the method.
December meeting :— Present twelve members and two visitors. Mr.
Howard L. Clark, of Providence, and Mr. Howard Notman, of Brook-
lyn, were elected to membership.
Long Island records : Mr. Schott reported from Little Neck, L. I.,
Cychrus elevatus on December 11, and also Carabus vinctus and C.
limbatus.
Feb.,i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 19
Programme : Mr. G. P. Engelhardt, on " The Sesidse of Long Island,"
which will be published later. Mr. Bueno presented a paper on " West-
chester Miridse — A First Notice," which will appear later in the Bulletin.
Report of the Secretary of the Brooklyn Entomological Society for
1915 : In the year just past, the Brooklyn Entomological Society has pur-
sued the even tenor of its way. No events of the first magnitude have
disturbed its steady progress. Perhaps the most worthy of its achieve-
ments is the continued support given to its Bulletin, which, rejuvenated
under the guiding and fostering hand of its editor, is worthily continuing
the tradition of its predecessors, maintaining a high standard and striving
for an ever higher, on a practically self-supporting basis. The scientific
papers have ranged " from China to Peru," all phases of our favorite
science have been touched upon and hitherto unknown facts have been
illuminatingly presented to us. The titles have ranged from " The Sacred
Scarab Beetle," type of the self-existing Egyptian Sun-God, to "Mos-
quito Destruction in the Suburbs of Brooklyn," five thousand years apart
in time and 10,000 miles in space. No less than fourteen papers of quality
were presented in eight meetings. Under Long Island records 86 species
have been reported as occurring on the island, not heretofore noted, con-
tributed by Messrs. Davis, Nicolay, Shoemaker, Engelhardt, Franck, Dow,
Weeks, Olsen, Doll, Pasch and Bueno.
Attendance at meetings ranged from 11, in May, to 17 in February and
October, with an average of 14 plus. The most constant attendants, pres-
ent at every meeting as beseems officers, were Messrs. Olsen, Dow, Bather.
Twenty-six members attended one or more meetings, and there were also
thirteen visitors. Two members resigned in the year, Messrs. Pearsall
and Levinson ; and three were elected.
On the whole, the Society may be said to have prospered in the year
past. It is undiminished in numbers, and while the insect frontiers recede
further away from the city day by day, the " Old Guard dies but never
surrenders," and keeps its spirit young while it lives ; when it falls the
younger generation steps in full of vim and enthusiasm to carry on the
work one step further till they too shall merge into the cosmos, their
material forms dissolved into the elements that compose them ; their ego
persisting in their worthy work ; and their souls returning to the Infinite,
whence they came to do their share in the progress of the race of man.
The Brooklyn Entomological Society shall go on through the impulse
of these labors, to continue by its activities that tradition handed down
from John B. Smith and his fellow worthies, which constitutes their
precious legacy to us. J. R. de la'Torre-Bueno,
Secretary.
20 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
NOTE ON PSENOCERUS SUPERNOTATUS.
By R. p. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y.
In January I inspected a number of twigs of sumac, two species,
Rhus copalina and R. glabra, hoping to find evidences of Nemo-
soma cylindricum. The live twigs contained nothing, the dead
ones were thickly populated with very small Scolytid larvae and
some species of Cerambycid, the almost full grown larvae boring
the pith chamber lengthwise.
A bundle of twigs put in a cloth covered jar yielded imagos
in April. The longhorn proved to be Psenocerus supernotatiis.
This seems to be a new food plant record. The New Jersey list
gives currant, but others are known.
The first arrivals were two males, one about twice as big as
the other. On the first day both were observed to find an attrac-
tion in a particular spot on one of the twigs. They met and
fought. The smaller had his left antenna bitten off above the
third joint. Two days later I inspected the jar at daybreak.
The " woman in the case " had arrived, making her entrance on
the very spot where the fight had occurred and had already gone
to housekeeping, but with the cripple as her partner. The victor
was not seen to come near them. It is evident that some sense
organ revealed the female to the males not less than 36 hours
before her emergence from the unbroken wood.
Two weeks later a number of Liodes alpha emerged from the
twigs. This was the species to be expected from this food plant.
Feb., i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 21
THE DANCE OF THE GHOST MOTH.
Mr. E. D. Keith, of Providence, R. I., writes of his 191 5 ex-
periences : " I see great dififerences in collecting conditions since I
began in 1900. The past five years especially have brought many
changes, making our collecting places few and far between. I
have not made many rare captures this year, though some seem
worthy of mention. Glcca carnosa came to light; Panchrysia pur-
purigera was bred from meadow rue; Autographa hiloha, Oxy-
gramma rogationis, Hadena burgessi, Agrotis violaris, Homoptera
cingulifera, Xylina disposita, and X. fagina were captured.
Many desirable species are growing scarcer from year to year.
The only Sphingidae that can be called common are Smerinthus
geminatus, Protoparce sexta and P. Carolina. It is the same with
many Bombycid« and Noctuidse. My series of Sthenopis 4-macu-
latus came from a swamp which is fast being converted into a dump
heap, with ashes, tin cans, and other refuse of a city. This little
swamp, at one time filled with Viburnums, Vacciniums, Clethra,
Alders, Jack-in-the-Pulpits, and other swamp livers, is the home
of the Ghost Moth (Hepialus argentcomaculatus) . In early June
I start out at twilight, as the robin is singing his evening song.
A catbird gives his scolding cry and flits into the bushes. The
Maryland yellowthroat says " wait a bit," then becomes silent.
Dusk is approaching. Many Geometridge fly over the shrubbery ;
Diacrisia virginica and latipennis are common.
" It is about quarter to eight when I select an opening among
the bushes to watch the so-called dance of the males of the Ghost
Moth. Each male will give quite a swing like a pendulum, often
with an arc of four feet or so. Their flights do not last longer
than fifteen or twenty minutes. Sometimes they go away quite a
distance, dance, and come back to their former places. I have
seen the females come to the males but never found them mated.
I have read that the females fly over the herbage, scattering their
eggs as they go, — haphazard. I have observed them more than
once on alders, crawling with fluttering wings up the main trunks
as if they were ovipositing, but I have never found the pova,
which are very small. The adult life of this species seems to be
22 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
fifteen days. I only took a pair this year, though I saw quite a
few. It is a greater pleasure to observe the habits of a species
than to collect and I dislike to clean out a place.
" There is never a year that the woods are not set on fire, and
this is no exception. Collecting at willows is out of the question
as the ' kids ' break down and destroy every pussy willow around
here. All this is the case around Providence. A dozen miles or
more away conditions would probably be different."
THE BROOKLYN
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first
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Brooklyn Avenue. The annual dues are $2.00,
OFFICERS, 1916
President
WILLIAM T. DAVIS
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W. T. BATHER
Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
Recording Secretary
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C. E. OLSEN
Librarian
A. C. WEEKS
Curator
GEORGE FRANCK
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CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
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Vol. XI
APRIL. 1916
No. 2
BULLETIN
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CONTENTS
TESTIMONY OF THE TOMBS, Dow 25
NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF NOTOXUS, Fall 34
A NEW TINGID FROM NEW YORK STATE, Torre Bueno 39
DISPERSAL OF SOME ORTALID^, Knab 41
HIBERNATING HYDRO PHILID^, Wintersteiner 46
Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society. Vol. XI.
The Hand of the Princess — Dow
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Vol. XI April, 1916 No. 2
THE TESTIMONY OF THE TOMBS.
By R. p. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y.
In Egypt the surviving arts show that at the earliest known
periods there was the greatest degree of initiative, the widest lati-
tude of expression, the finest workmanship. Nevertheless sur-
viving records of all Egypt do not mention the economic aspect
of insects as extensively as the single chapter of Exodus regard-
ing the plagues sent to rebuke a faithless Pharaoh. No chronology
can bring nearer than, say, 6,000 B. C. the date of the first king
of the reputed first human dynasty, Menes, a physician, learned
in anatomy, and it is probably earlier than 9,000 B. C. That the
land was densely populated is proven by the great numbers of men
needed to build the great pyramids of about 4,000 B. C. The
remains of aboriginal culture are few, since agricultural Egypt
was always the favorite conquest of the warlike and less civilized.
The papyri date only from about 1,500 B. C. The monuments in
stone are the material for all that we know. From them the corps
of savants of Napoleon drew the information that made Egypt
known to the world. The best scholars of the time, 1797, searched
every discoverable record. The insect data were handed to Lat-
The frontispiece represents the hand of a princess of a dynasty living
about 1,800-2,000 B. C. It is almost exactly life size. In 1868 a series of
royal tombs were discovered near Memphis. The severed hand, which is
clearly that of a young woman, was secured by Rev. Howard Crosby and
is now owned by Nicholas E. Crosby, Ph.D., of New York. The rest of
the mummy is in Cambridge, Mass. The texture of the cloth surrounding
the hand is clearly to be seen. The stone of the scarab itself is pale
green. The ring is of gold, a plain wire, wound on the upper half with
finer wire.
25
26 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
reille to be worked up, but they were pitiably meager. However
Egypt gives us the first mention of a beetle, the scarab. The
worship of this creature antedates the history of any land.
In life the scarab is a coprophagous Scarabseid beetle, about an
inch long, black and stout, occurring commonly all around the
Mediterranean, extending to the Cape of Good Hope and to south
China. Its life history is similar to that of any of our common
Canthon or Copris. Its scientific name is Ateuchus sacer. No
severer arraignment can be made of the vandalism injected into
scientific nomenclature than the mutation whereby the generic
name Ateuchus has been substituted for ScarabcEUs in violation
Fig. I. Fig. 2.
Fig. I is drawn from a gold inlay on a lacquered copper box. While it
came from Assyrian remains near Ninevah and dates about 800 B. C, it is
characteristically Egyptian and was probably imported. One wing is
omitted for convenience. Note that the wing is feathered like a bird, not
membranous like a beetle. This conventionality is general after, say,
4,000 B. C.
Fig. 2 is a conventional symbol of very common occurrence, meaning the
flight of time or the complete cycle of the world. Egyptologists generally
call it a bird symbol. Compare it with Fig. i, and note that, while the
tail is of a bird, the horns are of the scarab. The wings might be either.
The significance of the symbol is that of the scarab.
of every phase of the rights of priority and the destruction of the
right application of name to the oldest, grandest, best known genus
of beetles in the world. Throughout classic times and the Middle
Ages all beetles were known either as ScarahcBus or Cantharis.
The type of the genus restricted by Linnaeus is, of course, the
sacred beetle.
The present genus Ateuchus is a fairly large one, about thirty
species being so far described from Africa. More than one were
included in Egyptian veneration. A notable variety, found widely
April, 1Q16 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 27
in Egypt and Nubia, named by Latreille Ateuchus Aigyptoruin, is
golden green, larger than the true sacer, and Pliny says that to
gaze upon it relieves the eyes of fatigue. Another species men-
tioned in ancient times, but not now clearly identified is smaller
and with small Tiorns turned backward. This creature preserved
life if picked up by the left hand and worn as an amulet. Still
another is called Fullo, is covered with white spots, and made a
orecious amulet. No Ateuchus corresponds to this description
but it has been discovered recently that beetles of other families
were considered also as scarabs, notably those of the genus Pimelia.
There is a species of this genus, quite as robust as an Ateuchus,
which is thoroughly specked with white. Moreover, the beetle
shown in figure i is undoubtedly a Pimelia, although regarded by
the Egyptians themselves as a scarab. The three elytral marks
are a faithful copy of a species still common in Africa. Further
evidence is the pygidium shown in the drawing. This is a con-
stant character in Pimelia, but never found in the coprophagous
Scarabaeids.
In the American Museum of Natural History there are several
fine necklaces brought from the Congo region by the Lang and
Chapin expedition, which clear up the matter. They are of
Pimelia beetles which the natives strung after having embalmed
them. The process of filling the bodies with gums and spices is
remarkably like the ancient Egyptian embalming process, so much
so that it is almost certain that it is a survival of the same custom
and further proof of the kinship of the aboriginal Egyptians with
the black races throughout the whole length of Africa.
The beetle shown in figure 3 is obviously a true Scarabaeid,
but figure 4, while a scarab in religious intent, reminds one
strongly of a Cetonia.
When the annual subsidence of the overflow of the Nile leaves
throughout the valley its fertile coating of rich mud, the scarab is
the first notable creature emerging. It heralds the beginning of
spring, the return of nature's creative power. Its stay is brief.
Writers of the last century B. C. assert that the odor of roses is
fatal to it. In reality the scarab disappears for the season about
the time the roses blossom. Promptly after emergence from the
mud the scarab takes some cattle dung, shapes it into a sphere,
28 Bulletin of the Brooklyn En,tomological Society Vol. XI
like the world, rolls it from east to west with its hind legs, itself
looking toward the sunrise while rolling its burden along the
course of the sun. The dung ball (having within it an e.gg laid by
the female) is buried in a hole dug by the fore tibiae, the fore
tarsi being obsolete in these beetles. It remains in the hole for
twenty-eight days — the lunar month. The creature within, then
animated, opens the ball and on the 29th day casts it into the
water, for on this day conjunction of sun and moon takes place,
of which the generation of the world was the first result. The
dentation of the fore tibiae of the scarab are 30 in number, — the
days of the celestial month, and those on the head resemble the
Fig. 3. Fig. 4.
Fig. 3 is the common type of sculpture of Ka, the Father of all the
Gods, known to the Greeks as Batrachacephalus, i. e., with the head of a
frog. Note that the scarab is drawn naturally, not conventionalized. This,
then, is early art. Inferentially the Father of the Gods is the one wor-
shipped earliest.
Fig. 4 is a much conventionalized scarab from a signet ring of some
non-royal person. It is barely possible that the distortion of head is a
relic of the oriental phallic worship.
sun's rays. Hence its dedication to Amen-Ra, the Egyptian God
of the Sun Mystery.
The oldest extant written reference to the scarab is that of
Horapollo, an Egyptian, who explains that the word means only
begotten. It designates also generation or a father or the world
or a man. The Egyptians claimed that the beetles generated
without the meeting of the sexes, which would at first seem a re-
markable superstition. In fact, however, the copulatory act is
performed in great secrecy and is not easily observable.
April, i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29
If the worship of the scarab began in Egypt it was by a race
long since disappeared. Isaac Myer, whose monograph* is ad-
mirable, believes it antedated Menes, the first king, and was preva-
lent among the aboriginal people of the land. The Hottentots o£
south Africa still hold the insect in religious veneration, from
which fact it might be argued that a black race were the Egyptian
aborigines and when driven out or made subject by later races
left behind religion and language. It is true that the Hottentot
language is closely related to the ancient Egyptian. It is possibly
a coincidence and possibly an offshoot of the same origin that the
natives of Madagascar worship a holy cricket, especially as a
similar word designates both creatures.
That the scarab is not found mummified is probably due to the
fact that it dries without mummification, retaining its form. The
Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7.
Fig. S is from the cartouche (i. e., the signet, equivalent to our signa-
ture) of Shufu I, the builder of the Great Pyramid, about 4,000 B. C.
The Egyptian hieroglyphics are a series of pictures, each representing a
phonetic sound, a letter, as well as a symbolic significance. The wasp
signified the power of inflicting the punishment of death. Hence it is a
royal token.
Fig. 6 is similar and comes from the cartouche of the son or brother
of Shufu, who succeeded him. Note the different shape of wings. The
figure to the left is a conventionalized scorpion.
Fig. 7 is from the cartouche of Psammetichus I, the scholar Pharaoh
of Egypt. Note the different shape of wing, head and antenna. This is
about 3,000 years later than the two preceding. This same letter occurs in
the cartouches of all the members of his family.
cat and the bull, both devoted to sun worship, required artificial
preservation. The cat expands and contracts the pupil of its
eyes according to the hour of the day — the position of the sun.
Horapollo says that one kind of scarab is Hke a cat, and irradiated
* " The Scarab," Isaac Myer, N. Y., 1894.
30 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
(whatever that may be), hence it is the Sun God's own, hence the
statue of the God in HeHopohs, the City of the Sun, in the shape
of a cat. Horapollo says that another kind of scarab is bull-
formed and two horned. The apis, or sacred bull, was greatly
revered. There was only one at a time and a wonderful under-
ground city at Memphis is devoted to their mummies. Both bull
and bull scarab typify the two horns of the new moon. A third
scarab, says Horapollo, has but one horn. It suggests the sacred
long billed ibis, equally venerated and mummified after death.
Manetho, an Egyptian historian and philosopher wrote much
about the scarabs and their significance, but his works are lost,
except the liberal extracts made by Pliny, the Roman naturalist.
Representations of the scarab were made in all possible ways.
It was customary to carve the back like the creature itself but to
omit the legs, leaving the undersurface flat so that it might be en-
graved with signature, motto or religious text. Many were drilled
from end to end and strung as beads. They were set as brooches
or rings. Others were mounted as signets. People of wealth
had them carved from stone, and no stone was of too great value
for this use. The common people used them of baked and vitri-
fied clay. Much can be told of the age of a genuine scarab from
its constituent material. Unfortunately few of them now sold to
tourists are genuine. The natives have become adept in their
manufacture and plant them in convenient places, waiting for the
gullible tourist to come along and make what seems to him a
precious find. And yet millions and millions of them were buried
with the dead for thousands of years. They are of all sizes.
One is five feet long, carved from fine stone. Most of them are
rather smaller than the real insect. The earliest positively known
belonged to Nebka, a king of the third dynasty, somewhere be-
tween 3,900 and 7,000 B. C.
The worship of the scarab never got foothold in Greece. The
two religions differed too widely, one being entirely personal in
conception of the Deities, the other based on unequalled knowl-
edge of astronomical mysteries. It is alluded to ironically by
Aristophanes, the word for its description being always Helio-
cantharis — the sun beetle. It was never connected with karabos
the Greek word for the horned beetles. The root of this word is
April, igi6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 31
old. Its Sanscrit form is carabha, and was applied to a locust,
also to the spiny lobster. The Greek karabos is also supplied to
the spiny lobster. It is curious that the Latin word locusta
means not only grasshopper or locust but means spiny lobster,
as well. The word Carabus, as we use it, was taken directly from
the Greek. One well-known Greek manuscript spells the word
skarabos, but this is probably the error of a copyist. The word
scarabceus is Latin, taken direct from Egypt as closely as the
sound could be imitated.
One might suppose that the scarab worship would be carried
to Rome during the period of widest religious latitude following
Fig. 8. Fig. g. Fig. io.
Fig. 8 is drawn from the cartouche of Rameses III. It is the same as
that of Rameses II, always remembered as the oppressor of the IsraeHtes.
Note the different shape of wing and the general aspect, hardly at all like
a wasp. Yet the symbol is undoubtedly the same. Rameses II was a
great king and great general. Other history does not give him the bad
character which Exodus does.
Fig. 9 is from a rock carving of Menephtah. It is in even relief, hence
the outlines. Note the squared front to the abdomen.
Fig. 10 is probably the earliest picture in the world of a butterfly. It is
part of an elaborate carving on a rock tomb near Thebes. For whole
picture compare the text.
the reign of the Emperor Heliogabalus, himself an Asiatic priest
of the Sun God, but there is no evidence to support this view.
The world-wide distribution of the scarab was carried on by the
Phoenicians, that astute people who migrated overland from the
Red Sea coast to the coast of Palestine and founded the rich cities
of Tyre and Sidon long before the Trojan war, before i,ioo B.
C. This people monopolized the world's commerce as traders
and slave dealers. Egypt was both largest customer and source
of supplies. The Phoenicians learned to manufacture scarab
signets in wholesale fashion and market them all over the world.
32 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
Only the scarabs now dug up tell the world of Phoenicia, of whose
cities, like Carthage, its colony, not one reminiscent stone remains
on another. Possibly the Phoenicians reached the Hottentots.
They certainly introduced the scarab to the Etruscans, who were
the most powerful people of Italy before the rise of the Romans.
Scarab effigies are still numerous in Etruria. They ceased to be
made when Etruscan industry was carried to Rome. They came
afresh from Egypt three centuries after the Christian Era and
became adopted as a Christian symbol. St. Ambrose, the famous
Archbishop of Milan, the converter of St. Augustine, wrote of
" Jesus, the good Scarabseus, who rolled up before him the hitherto
unshapen mud of our bodies." The symbol survives. The
scarab is carved now on many an ItaHan tomb.
From the rock tombs come the best pictures of all Egypt. Only
one other beetle is drawn, a cetonian eating a leaf. There are
Fig. II.
Fig. II shows two of the three butterflies from a wonderful drawing on
a rock tomb at Benihassan. The whole picture is of a papyrus thicket.
In the water is a sturgeon-like fish and a sea cow. In the grass are five
bird's nests, with eggs and young. An ichneumon is shown hunting for
eggs. Above are seven species of birds, alight, on the nest or in flight.
While the butterflies are of the same species, they differ in body marking
and shape of wing. Note especially that the artist was not an entomolo-
gist. His butterflies have caudal appendages.
a number of the honey bee, which was plentifully kept in the Nile
valley. There is one graphic picture of a Sphex preying on a
spider. Wasps of the Vespa group, as well as Sphex, are very
common, but they are conventionalized. Four of them are shown
here, explained in the footnotes. In the paper, " The Earhest
Insects in the World," there is an explanation of the origin of the
wasps, and their power of inflicting death. There is a close re-
lationship between Persia and Egypt, dating prior to 6,000 B. C.
April, i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 33
From the tombs of Egypt the housefly is pictured, not un-
plentifully. A gadfly is drawn chasing a cow. Grasshoppers
are often drawn, but in no instance as well as some from Chaldsea.
Of the butterflies, the two best are given in our cuts. The ear-
liest in the world is shown in Fig. lo. It dates from about 1,700
B. C. The whole picture is on a tomb near Thebes. It is a fine
relief carving. A nobleman is seated in a wicker chair, fishing in
the Nile. Above his head is flying a butterfly. The artist was
not familiar with the four-wingedness of his model.
From the unwrapping of human mummies many insects have
come to light, some probably accidental introductions, a few
separately and carefully wrapped. Necrobia rufipes might have
been an accident. So probably was a specimen of Lucilia ccesar,
a cosmopolitan flesh fly. A Buprestid and a Cantharid beetle
were clearly intentionally preserved.
The mosquito is neither pictured nor alluded to. It was left to
Herodotus to mention that creature in his Egyptian narrative,
although it is not differentiated from pestiferous biting insects
generally. He relates that they were so numerous near the
mouth of the Nile that the fisherman used nets to fish by day and
escape the mosquitos by night.
NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF NOTOXUS.
By H. C. Fall, Pasadena, Cal.
A recent survey of the material in my cabinet in this genus re-
vealed the presence of a number of new species, which are here-
with described. It is a notable fact that in two of the new forms
and also in montanus Csy. — which was described from a unique
female — the anterior tibiae are found to be toothed in the male, a
character hitherto known only in calcaratus.
NoToxus Geoff.
Notoxus nuperoides n. sp. Form and size of nuperus, with which also
it agrees precisely in elytral markings. Head and thorax rufotestaceous,
the latter broadly suffused with blackish on the disk, except for a narrow
median line ; elytra rufotestaceous, with the sides, apex and a post-median
34 Btilletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
fascia which extends forward along the suture becoming broader at base,
black ; or the elytra may be defined as black, each with a somewhat oblique
gradually widening stripe extending from the humerus to the middle, and
a subapical lunate spot, rufotestaceous. Recumbent pubescence rather
dense, and bristling throughout— more especially on the elytra — with
numerous long semi-erect hairs ; punctuation fine, somewhat closer and
more distinct on the elytra than elsewhere. Head and antennae nearly
as in nuperus, the tempora, however, a little less strongly oblique than in
the latter. Pronotal horn two fifths as wide as the prothorax, distinctly
margined, the margin dentellate at sides posteriorly; crest with feebly
reflexed non-dentellate margin. Sutural angles of the elytra (c^) sepa-
rately rounded and just perceptibly produced, with a feeble external sinua-
tion. Body beneath darker rufous, the abdomen piceous, the last segment
somewhat paler.
Length 4 mm.; width 1.2 mm.
The unique type is a male, having the last ventral segment
squarely truncate at apex and broadly transversely impressed
throughout its width; it was taken at Silver City, New Mexico,
by Mr. J. B. Wallis, from whom I received it.
As already observed, this species is nearly identical with
nuperus in elytral markings and by Casey's table would be asso-
ciated with it. The latter species however entirely lacks the erect
hairs of the upper surface, and the form of the elytral apices, and
the impression of the last ventral in the male are different.
Notoxus brevicornis n. sp. Rufous, head, prothorax above (except the
horn) and abdomen more or less suffused with piceous ; elytra black with
two paler fasciae, one before the middle, narrowest at suture, gradually
widened, and produced anteriorly at sides so as to include the humeri ;
the other behind the middle, narrower, biarcuate. Pubescence moderately
dense, intermixed on the elytra with short semi-erect hairs which are not
very conspicuous except in profile; punctuation moderate, integuments
somewhat shining. Antennae about as long as the head and prothorax,
very feebly incrassate apically, the tenth joint scarcely longer than wide.
Eyes rather small but evidently longer than the tempora. Prothorax about
as long as wide; horn rather stout, not constricted at base, fully one half
longer than wide, more than one third the width of the prothorax, margin
not dentellate, crest well developed, with nondentellate margin. Elytra
four fifths longer than wide, obviously widened postmedially, apex obtusely
rounded, the sutural notch very narrow, the angles only slightly rounded.
Body beneath and legs as usual, the last ventral ($) with the tip rounded.
Length 3 mm. ; width i mm.
Santa Rita Mts., Arizona. A single specimen submitted by
the late Prof. Snow.
April, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 35
By Casey's table this species would be associated with mon-
tanus and balteatus. From the latter it may at once be distin-
guished by the presence of the intermixed erect hairs of the
elytra, and from the former by the unmodified elytral apices in
the female.
Notoxus breviusculus n. sp. Size small, form rather stout, especially in
the female; dusky testaceous, elytra with a more or less bilunate black
fascia at, or a little behind, the apical third, each with a scutellar spot and
an antemedian lateral spot, both rather small, and in the darker specimens
rather indistinctly outlined or even diffusely connected. Surface dis-
tinctly shining; vestiture rather fine; abundantly intermixed with moder-
ately long suberect hairs. Antennae scarcely longer than the head and
prothorax, distinctly though not strongly incrassate apically, the tenth
joint not, or but slightly, longer than wide. Head and prothorax sparsely
very finely punctate ; eyes rather small, subequal in length to the tempora.
Horn narrow, feebly constricted basally, at its widest part scarcely one
fourth the width of the prothorax, its margin moderately refiexed, even;
crest well defined, nondentellate. Prothorax transversely globose. Elytra
three* fourths longer than wide, becoming gradually widest behind the
middle, more noticeably so in the female ; apices in the male separately
obliquely truncate, the external angle subdentiform ; in the female broadly
conjointly subtruncate, the sutural angles nearly rectangular. Body be-
neath varying in color from testaceous to piceous, finely punctate and
pubescent as usual. Last ventral of the male narrowly truncate at tip,
and with a rounded or subtransverse impression before the apex; in the
female with the tip subangulate and not impressed.
Length 2.3-2.8 mm. ; width .85-1 mm.
California, Plumas Co. and Eldorado Co. (Nunenmacher) ; Tallac
(Fenyes). The type is a male from Plumas Co.
This species may be placed near nevadensis m Casey's table,
some examples of which it closely agrees with in its elytral mark-
ings. It is a smaller species than nevadensis, with relatively
shorter elytra, and with much narrower non-dentellate pronotal
horn.
Notoxus pallidus n. sp. Elongate, testaceous, elytra each with a small
suboval discal fuscous spot at about the apical two fifths. Pubescence
abundantly intermixed with long erect hairs ; integuments finely evenly
not densely punctate, moderately shining. Antennae about half as long as
the body, feebly incrassate, the tenth joint nearly one half longer than
wide. Eyes rather large, distinctly longer than the tempora. Prothorax
subglobular, the horn (c?) less than one third the thoracic width, about
twice as long as wide, not constricted at base, narrowed from apical third,
36 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
the apex narrowly rounded, margin with one or two denticles posteriorly;
crest well developed, margin not dentellate. Elytra elongate, parallel,
slightly more than twice as long as wide, apices (c?) not prolonged or
truncate, sutural angles rounded. Body beneath as usual; last ventral
segment (c?) broadly transversely impressed toward the apex, the margin
feebly truncate. ,
Length 3.7-3.9 mm.; width 1.2-1.25 mm.
Described from two male specimens taken at Yuma, Arizona, by Dr.
Fenyes.
This species by the above characters is separable easily from
all previously described forms. It would by Casey's table fall
near cavicornis. Its true relationship may be more definitely de-
termined when the female becomes known.
Notoxus arizonensis n. sp. Form rather slender, rufotestaceous, feebly
shining, elytra with rather narrow more or less bilunate subapical and
median transverse blackish or dusky fasciae, and with a subsutural dusky
spot at base, all subject to some variation in development, the basal spot
becoming subobsolete in the less distinctly marked specimens. Vestiture
cinereous, short, fine, moderately close, recumbent, intermixed on the
elytra with sparse short semierect hairs, which are quite inconspicuous.
Antennae longer than the head and prothorax, scarcely thickened apically,
the tenth joint one third longer than wide. Prothorax slightly wider than
the head, finely punctate with a tendency toward strigosity at sides ante-
riorly; horn well developed, one third to two fifths as wide as the protho-
rax in the male, obviously wider on the female, margins moderately re-
flexed, especially at apex, but not dentellate ; crest feebly margined, not
dentellate. Elytra about two thirds wider than the prothorax, twice as
long as wide or slightly more, slightly or scarcely inflated posteriorly,
punctuation fine but moderately close, apices rather broadly conjointly
rounded as viewed from above, with a minute sutural notch, similar in the
sexes. Body beneath finely punctate and pubescent. In the male the last
ventral segment is scarcely longer than the preceding, the apex distinctly
truncate, the truncation just perceptibly anteriorly arcuate, with its limits
broadly subangulate. In the female the last ventral is as a rule nearly
twice as long as the preceding, the apex rounded.
Length 3.3-4 mm.; width 1.1-1.25 mm. Southern Arizona.
The type is a male from the Chiricahua Mts., taken by Mr. V.
L. Clemence, July 9. Other examples are from the Huachuca
Mts., July (Clemence), and from Nogales, August (Nunen-
macher). The species in its elytral markings is almost an exact
reproduction of delicatus Csy., in the latter however the erect
hairs of the upper surface are more marked, the thoracic horn
distinctly dentellate, the crest obsolete, and the sexual characters
April, i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 37
at the ventral apex different. Arisonensis should follow delicatus
in the table given by Casey.
Notoxus montanus Csy. This species, which was described from a
unique female specimen from Colorado, is rather widely distributed in
the southern Rocky Mountain region. Specimens are known to me from
Colorado — Florissant, Aug. 6 (Rohwer) ; New Mexico — Santa Fe, July
(Fenyes) ; Pecos — June (Cockerell) ; Arizona — Chiricahua and Huachuca
Mountains (Clemence) ; Flagstaff (Fenyes) ; and Williams (collected by
the writer).
In the male the front tibiae are toothed internally as in calcaratus, the
last ventral segment is truncate, the truncation feebly arcuate-emarginate ;
sutural angles of elytra rounded in some examples, seemingly very faintly
produced in others.
The identity of this species has been established by Col. Casey,
who has kindly compared Chiricahua examples with his type.
Notoxus similis n. sp. Moderately elongate, shining, recumbent pubes-
cence intermixed with numerous semierect setse of moderate length. Head
and prothorax rufous to rufopiceous, the horn paler ; elytra rufotestaceous,
with a basal spot each side of the suture narrowly connected with a smaller
lateral spot (sometimes absent), a more or less biarcuate median fascia,
and the apex black; the tips becoming indefinitely paler, chiefly from
transmitted light. Antennae, legs and body beneath rufotestaceous, the
abdomen piceous. Antennae nearly half as long as the body, very feebly
incrassate apically, the tenth joint about one half longer than wide. Head
smaller than the prothorax, distinctly, not very sparsely punctate, tempora
oblique, broadly arcuate, nearly as long as the eyes. Prothorax as long as
wide, moderately closely punctate; horn (J') rather stout, crest well devel-
oped, reflexed margins not dentellate; in the ? distinctly broader and a
little constricted basally. Elytra varying from slightly less to slightly
more than twice as long as wide, feebly inflated at middle, subbasal trans-
verse impression distinct, apices slightly prominent, the sutural angles
feebly sinuately produced in both sexes. Body beneath finely punctate and
pubescent as usual. Last ventral of male distinctly arcuately emarginate
at apex, front tibiae toothed at the middle of the inner side.
Length 3.3-3.6 mm. ; width 1.1-1.35 mm.
The type is a male from Glenwood Springs, Colorado. Other examples
are from Antonito, Colorado, and Santa Fe, New Mexico — all collected
by Dr. Fenyes.
This species is in all essentials very similar to montanus Csy.,
and females of the two cannot always be determined with cer-
tainty. The dark markings are as a rule less developed at the
"elytral base in similis, and the punctuation of the head and
thorax is typically stronger and closer, but these characters are
bath variable. The prothoracic horn is notably stouter in the
38 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
male of similis than in the same sex of montanus, being scarcely
more than one half longer than wide and more obviously wider
than crest. In montanus the sexual disparity in the size of the
horn is very great. The truncature of the last ventral segment
((^) is distinctly more strongly emarginate in similis than in mon-
tanus.
Although agreeing in the dentate male front tibiae with cal-
caratus, both montanus and similis differ considerably from the
latter in general habitus, and resemble rather bifasciatus, which
of course is very distinct by its interrupted pale elytral fasciae
and the simple fore tibiae in the male.
Notoxus intermedius n. sp. Moderately stout, testaceous ; elytral mark-
ings, consisting of a small basal subsutural spot on each, a median trans-
verse fascia and a small subapical one, black. Both the basal and sub-
apical marks are, however, either entirely wanting or but faintly indicated
in more than half the specimens seen. Decumbent pubescence not dense,
intermixed with semierect hairs of moderate length; integuments shining,
moderately closely finely punctate. Antennae scarcely or feebly incrassate
apically, the tenth joint scarcely one half longer than wide. Eyes a little
longer than the tempora. Prothoracic horn (c?) moderately stout, fully
one half longer than wide, not constricted at base, margin not dentellate
except basally, broadly evenly rounded apically; crest well developed, mar-
gin not dentellate. In the female the horn is wider and constricted basally.
Elytra twice as long as wide or very nearly so, feebly inflated post-
medially, sutural angles rounded, not distinctly produced in the male, a
little produced and with a slight external sinuation in the female. Be-
neath finely punctate and pubescent; legs moderate, the anterior tibiae
toothed at the middle of the inner margin in the male; last ventral not
impressed, the apex distinctly emarginato-truncate in the male, subacute
and narrowly rounded at apex in the female.
Length 3.2-4 mm.; width 1.1-1.35 mm.
Described from a series of thirteen specimens taken by Dr.
Fenyes at Bishop and Olancha, Inyo, Co., California. The type
is a male from Bishop.
This species, in its fully marked form, is closely similar to cal-
caratus, which differs in its much longer and more numerous
elytral setae, stouter prothoracic horn with distinctly dentellate
side margins, sutural angles not produced in the female, and with
the last ventral in the male impressed and feebly truncate, but
not emarginate at apex. The sexual characters are nearly as in
montanus and similis, especially the later, but the size and gen-
eral appearance are nearly as in calcaratus.
April, jgi6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 39
A NEW TINGID FROM NEW YORK STATE.
By J. R. DE LA Torre Bueno, White Plains, N. Y.
Genus Acalypta Westwood 1840.
Orthosteira Fieber 1844. Orihostira Fieber 1861.
1. Pronotal keels subparallel or very slightly diverging posteriorly; costal
area uniseriate in greater part; third joint of antennae long, more than
three times the fourth Acalypta lillianis, n. sp.
2. Pronotal keels diverging posteriorly; costal area biseriate in greater
part; third joint of antennae short, not quite twice as long as the
fourth A. thomsonii Stal.
Acalypta lillianis n. sp. Black, posterior part of pronotum and hemely-
tra dark gray; third joint of antennae of equal thickness throughout, four
times as long as the fourth, longest, second joint shortest, first stoutest
and shorter than fourth, v^^hich is not quite so stout as second ; pronotum
tricarinate, keels nearly parallel, or at most slightly diverging posteriorly,
the middle keel highest; hood small, not projecting over head, slightly
angulated in front, somewhat higher than the median keel ; sides f olia-
ceous, more or less biseriately reticulate, anteriorly rounded ; costal' mem-
brane uniseriate in greater part. Abdominal segments broadly banded
with rufous.
The macropterous form has the membrane complete, reticulately veined ;
in the brachypterous, it is much reduced and is biseriately reticulate. The
pronotum in the former is quite high, but in the latter much reduced in
area and nearly flat. The hemelytra are one third longer than the body
in the macropterous form, and in the brachypterous exceeds it but very
little. The brachypterous form is nearly oval, while the macropterous is
elongate.
Macropterous, long 3 mm.; wide 1.6 mm. (type).
Brachypterous, long 2.3 mm.; wide 1.2 mm. (type).
Described from eight macropterous and nine brachypterous
specimens. Type, macropterous, female, White Plains, N. Y.,
May 25, 191 1. Type, brachypterous, male. White Plains, May
28, 1909. Paratypes, macropterous, all females. White Plains, N.
Y., May 21, 29 and 30. The Forks, Me., June 16, 1900, O. O.
Stover, collector; Scarsdale, N. Y., May 25, 1909; Marquette,
Mich., July 14, John D. Sherman, Jr., collector. Paratypes,
brachypterous, all males. White Plains, N. Y., May 18, 21, 23
and 28.
Types in my collection; paratypes in collection U. S. National
Museum, H. M. Parshley and Otto Heidemann.
40 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
Of eleven other specimens from White Plains on various dates
in May and one in June, all the macropterous are females and the
brachypterous males.
This species was taken on a damp and marshy meadow, by
sweeping close to the ground, in places where the tall tree-like
moss grows in clumps. The European species of Acalypta are
generally found in moss. It is not very common, and is taken in
twos and threes, principally in May. I have taken nearly full-
grown nymphs under stones March 5 and 19, April 2, November
25 and December 5, which would indicate that the species over-
winters as nymph.
DISPERSAL OF SOME ORTALIDJE.
By Frederick Knab, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department
of Agriculture.
The Ortalidse have recently received comprehensive treatment
by Hendel, four numbers of Wytsman's " Genera Insectorum "
deahng with as many of the seven subfamilies. From this work
it is apparent that a large proportion of the genera are peculiar
to one or the other hemisphere, or to still more circumscribed
faunal regions ; indeed, one entire subfamily, the Richardiinae, is
confined to the New World. Species occurring in both hemis-
spheres are very few and every case of such wide distribution is
undoubtedly due to dispersal through the agency of man.
Three species are recorded in the Aldrich catalog as common to
Europe and North America. Of these Tritoxa rufipes Meigen
appears to be a doubtful case that needs further evidence. The
other two are Chrysomyza demandata Fab. and Seioptera vihrans
Linne. Two American ortalids, Euxesta quadrivittata Macq.
and Noto gramma stigma Fab., have been reported from the
Hawaiian Islands and are undoubtedly established there. I am
now able to report further the establishment of one Oriental
ortalid in America, and that of two American species (one of
them the Notogramma stigma just mentioned) in the Philippine
Islands. Omitting the doubtful Tritoxa rufipes, it is interesting
to note that the species that have obtained a footing beyond their
April, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 41
natural habitats are all scavengers for whom the activities of
man produce especially favorable conditions. It seems best to
discuss the species separately.
Notogramma stigma Fabr. — This striking fly is widely distrib-
uted through the warmer parts of America, it having been re-
ported from the West Indies (Fabricius), South America (Wiede-
mann) and Cuba (Loew). The species occurs in the southern
United States. There are specimens in the national collection
from Dallas, Beeville and Brownsville, Texas. Recently the
species has been reported from Hawaii by Severin and Hartung
(Journ. Econ. Ent., Vol. 5, 1912, p. 448) and it appears to have
been established there at least as far back as 1907; a specimen
form Mr. O. H. Swezey bears the label, " Honolulu, March 2,
1907." The species has now become established in the Philip-
pines as well. PhiHppine specimens, presumably from the island
of Luzon, have recently been received from Mr. D. B. Mackie,
of the Philippine Bureau of Agriculture.
But little information on the breeding habits of this fly is
available. The specimen from Brownsville, Texas, according to
the label, was reared by Mr. D. K. McMillan from Solanum, pre-
sumably the fruit. A series of specimens from the Panama
Canal Zone was reared by Mr. A. Busck from the fruits of a
species of palm, Attalea. Severin and Hartung in Hawaii (1. c.)
have found the larvae infesting green Chinese bananas that showed
decay about the flower-scar.
Chrysomyza demandata Fabr. — This common European species
was first reported for North America by C. W. Johnson in 1900,
he having found specimens in Philadelphia as early as 1897 (Ent.
News, Vol. II, p. 609). The species is now distributed over
practically the whole United States. Specimens are before me
from the following localities: Philadelphia, Pa. (C. W. Johnson)
Washington, D. C. (R. C. Shannon) ; Columbia, S. C. (F. Knab)
Tallulah, La.; Brewster County, Tex. (Mitchell and Cushman)
Mineralwells, Tex. (C. R. Jones) ; Dallas, Tex. (F. C. Bishopp)
Yuma, Ariz. (H. Brown) ; Lehi, Utah (W. A. Hooker) ; Lind-
say and Visalia, Cal. ; Cheney, Wash. (N. D. Showalter).
In the Old World, according to Hendel, the species occurs
42 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
throughout Europe, in northern and east Africa, Cape Colony,
Canary Islands, Seychelle Islands and in Hindostan.
The species is a scavenger and apparently by preference a
manure breeder. A number of European observers have re-
ported the larvae as occurring in large numbers in horse-manure.
Rondani states that they occur gregariously in the dejecta of
cattle. Specimens recently received by the writer were taken,
along with the following species, under conditions which indicate
manure-breeding. Josef Mik reports the occurrence of the larvae
of this species in large numbers in fermenting clover, which had
been subjected to a rude process of ensilage to destroy the weevils
(Apion) infesting it (Wien. Ent. Zeit., Vol. 15, 1896, p. 245).
C. N. Ainslie found the larvae in decaying suckers of corn (maize)
on the Pima Indian reservation in Arizona. The corn suckers
had been previously infested by the caterpillars of Chloridea ob-
soleta and the galleries filled with excrement produced by these
provided an excellent pabulum for the Chrysomyza larvae (Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 13, 191 1, pp. 118-119). In 1913, A. Weiss
reported that in North Africa the larvae of this species are de-
structive to the date palm, where the trees had been wounded to
extract "palm wine."
" The process of collecting palm wine in North Africa is well
known, but it was not known that Chrysomyza demandata lays its
eggs in gashes made in this palm. The larvae which hatch from
these eggs hollow out the interior of the trunk, feed upon the
pith and finally cause the death of the palm. We have seen a
number of date palms in a dying condition from this cause."
Mr. Weiss found the larvae present in the palm trunks in thou-
sands, the wet condition of the pith suiting them very well (Bull.
Soc. Hist. nat. Afrique du Nord, Vol. 4, pp. 68-69). From the
various observations just cited, it is apparent that the larvae can
thrive in a variety of decaying and fermenting substances.
Chrysomyza aenea Fabr. — This species has made its appearance
in the United States. It is a native of the Oriental region, where
it is very widely distributed. It occurs also in eastern Africa and
neighboring islands, and in Austraha. Detailed records give
Hindostan (Fabricius, Walker), Formosa, Java, Borneo, Malay
Peninsula, Mauritius (Hendel), the Philippines (Bezzi), and
April, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entom ological Society 43
Hawaii (Grimshaw). The following Old World localities are
represented by specimens in the U. S. National Museum : Hono-
lulu, Hawaiian Islands, March 2, 1907 (O. H. Swezey) ; Island of
Guam (D. T. Fullaway) ; Manila, Philippine Islands (Brunetti) ;
Telec-Ayer, West Borneo (Brunetti) ; Lourengo Marquez, East
Africa (C. W. Howard) ; Brisbane, Queensland (Dept. of Mines
and Agriculture) ; Croydon, New South Wales.
As already stated, this species has now become established in
at least one locahty in the United States. Specimens were first
submitted by Dr. B. H. Ransom, of the Department of Agricul-
ture, on August 28, 1 91 5, he having reared them from pupse ob-
tained from manure at Tallulah, Louisiana. Since then the
Bureau of Entomology has caused a series of captures of flies to
be made in the vicinity of Tallulah. Most of these catches were
taken from mule barns, and nearly every such lot examined con-
tained specimens of this species. Therefore there can be no
doubt that the species is well estabhshed in this country. Chryso-
1
Chrysomysa cenea Fab. Chrysomysa demandata Fab.
myza demandata occurred in the same captures, but in smaller
numbers. The two species evidently have very similar habits.
Mr. O. H. Swezey, in Hawaii, has reared Chrysomysa cenea from
maggots that were very abundant in a manure pile (Proc. Haw.
Ent. Soc, Vol. 3, 1914, p. 12).
While the introduction of this species into the United States
evidently is very recent, it appears from other material that it has
been estabhshed for some time in tropical America. The Na-
tional Museum possesses a series from Ceara, Brazil, sent by F.
D. da Rocha in July, 1904. The species was therefore without
much doubt estabhshed on the northeast coast of Brazil at that
time. It seems altogether probable that the species is widely dis-
tributed in the American tropics, having, most hkely, found its
44 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
way to Brazil by way of Panama and the West Indies. Occur-
ring, as it does, only under special conditions, it would not be
likely to fall into the hands of collectors.
Chrysqmysa csnea much resembles in general appearance and
coloration the more familiar demandata. It may be readily rec-
ognized by the peculiar venation, the first posterior cell being
closed some distance before the margin ; in demandata the same
cell is narrowly open in the wing-margin. (See Figs, i and 2.)
Euxesta quadrivittata Macq.
Urophora quadrivittata Macquart, 1835, Hist. Nat. Dipt., Vol. 2, p. 456.
Euxesta annonce Loew (not Fabricius), 1872, Monogr. No. Amer. Dipt,
Vol. 3, 162, pi. 9, fig. 13.
Euxesta annonce Grimshaw (not Fabricius), 1901, Fauna Hawaiiensis, Vol.
3, p. 44-
Euxesta annonce Hendel (not Fabricius), 1909, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung.,
Vol. 7, p. 155. .
Euxesta annonce Severin and Hartung (not Fabricius), 1912, Journ. Econ.
Ent., Vol. 5, p. 448.
The species reported by Grimshaw and others from the
Hawaiian Islands under the specific name annonce is not the
species originally characterized under that name by Fabricius.
This will be very obvious from a comparison of such specimens
with Wiedemann's excellent description of the Fabrician type
(Aussereurop. zweifl. Ins., Vol. 2, 1830, p. 463). Apparently
Loew is responsible for the transfer of the name annonce to the
species under present consideration, and it is only natural that
subsequent workers have relied upon his comprehensive and de-
tailed treatment of the genus. Hawaiian specimens before me
agree excellently with American specimens from Cuba (type
locality), Jamaica and Florida.
The species is a scavenger, so that its wide dissemination is to
be expected. Severin and Hartung have reared the flies of this
species and of Notogramma stigma from larvae infesting decay-
ing green Chinese bananas in the Hawaiian Islands.
The following species was received from the PhiHppine Islands,
but its original habitat is undoubtedly somewhere on the west
coast of tropical America.
April, iQid Bulletin of flic Brooklyn Entomological Society 45
Euxesta exilis, new species.
Wings with four transverse fasciae, the third and fourth connected along
both costa and posterior margin. Abdomen blue-black throughout; legs
dark.
Female. Frons narrower than one eye, fer-
ruginous red, the parafrontals dusted with
white ; ocellar triangle and vertical plates
steel-blue ; two or three pairs of cruciate
bristles. Face and clypeus ferruginous and 3
with pale opalescent blue bloom, the orbits Euxesta exilis Knab.
dusted with white. Antennse bright fer-
ruginous, the third joint ovate, distally very slightly produced above but
not forming a distinct angle ; arista long, black. Palpi bright ferrugi-
nous. Thorax light metallic greenish blue, with a distinct bloom showing
yellowish reflections in some lights. Scutellum shining black, smooth,
without trace of pruinosity. Abdomen shining blue-black throughout.
Front coxse ferruginous, the others dark. Femora black, broadly ferrugi-
nous at apices ; tibiae dull ferruginous, tinged with black, particularly the
posterior pair; tarsi dull ferruginous tinged with black, especially distally.
Wings (Fig. 3) milky white, with four transverse black fasciae extending
to posterior margin, the first and second separated, the third and fourth
connected narrowly along both costa and posterior margin ; extreme base
of wing whitish tinged with ferruginous ; second fascia broad and much
widened posteriorly, at costa occupying subcostal cell and tip of costal, its
outer margin touching anterior crossvein ; third fascia broadened poste-
riorly and inclosing posterior crossvein ; last white interspace narrower
than apical fascia; anterior crossvein about at middle of discal cell, which
latter is slightly longer than last section of fourth vein ; last section of the
fourth vein distinctly bent upward in its outer half, the third vein in its
opposite portion more gently bent downward, the submarginal cell thereb}'
becoming broader in the margin, the first posterior much narrowed.
Calypteres and halteres white.
Length : Body about 4 mm., wing 4 mm.
Philippine Islands, probably Manila, five specimens (Ace. no. 1779, Bu-
reau of Agriculture, Philippine Islands).
Type: Cat. No. 201 16, U. S. Nat. Mus.
The genus Euxesta has heretofore been considered peculiar to
the Western Hemisphere, where it is represented by a large num-
ber of species. Hendel, in his Ulidiinse (Genera Insectorum, 106
Fasc, 1910), lists no less than 54 species and many others are
still undescribed. It is therefore safe to assume that the present
species is of American origin. Quite likely it was introduced
from Mexico in the early days when the Spaniards maintained
regular communication between Acapulco and Manila. Botan-
46 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
ists have found that on the island of Luzon a large percentage of
the introduced plants is from the Acapulco region ; it is there-
fore not surprising that insects whose larvse thrive in decaying
fruit and the like, such as Volucella ohesa, Notogramma stigma
and this Euxesta, also have been introduced.
In all the specimens before me the wings show, within the
transverse dark fasciae, black blotches upon a pale gray ground,
as shown in the figure. Finally, it may be added that in the na-
tional collection there is a series of a closely related but distinct
species, still undescribed, from Aguascalientes, Mexico.
Seioptera vibrans Linne. — This species is generally distributed
through Europe and in North America occurs over the northern
part of the continent, ranging at least as far south as Washing-
ton, D. C. This fly occurs abundantly in certain localities ; it has
a characteristic habit of resting on the under surface of the
leaves of trees and vibrating its wings. In spite of its wide dis-
tribution and frequent local abundance there are few observations
on the hfe-history. Scholtz reared the flies in large numbers
from a mixture of horse-manure and earth (Zeitschr. Ent., Bres-
lau, 1849 and 1855). Sintenis, nearly forty years later, reported
it as occurring regularly under the windows of manure-beds or
cold-frames, thus confirming the record of Scholtz (quoted by
Mik, Wien. Ent. Zeit., Vol. 6, 1887, p. 216). Karsch, upon in-
formation from a correspondent, reports the larvae in destructive
numbers burrowing in the stems of Dianthus carthusianorum
(Berlin, Ent. Zeitschr., 1887, Sitzgsber., p. xxviii). No doubt
this last record has its origin in a faulty observation ; most prob-
ably the puparium sent to Karsch came from the manured earth
and the damage to the plants was due to some other cause.
NOTE ON THE HABITS OF PSITHYRUS VARIABILIS CRESS.
By Theodore H. Frison, Champaign, 111.
In the Canadian Entomologist for March, 191 5, Mr. F. W. L.
Sladen records finding Psithyrus insularis Sm. in the nest of
Bombus flavifrons Cress, opened July 7, 1914, at Agassiz, British
April, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 47
Columbia. Mr. Sladen points out that this is the first reported
occurrence of a Psithyrus inhabiting a nest of a Bombits in the
New World.
In addition it might be well to record the finding, by myself,
of both sexes of the Psithyrus variabilis Cress., inhabiting the
nest of Bombus pennsylvanicus De Geer at Champaign, Illinois.
During September, 1910, I had occasion to open several surface
nests of Bombus pennsylvanicus. Of a total of seven nests, four
contained Psithyrus variabilis. Again, on September 14, 191 5,
one female of Psithyrus variabilis was found in a surface nest of
Bombus pennsylvanicus. In one of the nests examined Septem-
ber, 1910, were found thirty males and twelve females of Psith-
yrus variabilis, along with fifty-one Bombus. In the other three
nests the number of inquilines varied from one to five. In the same
nest containing the Psithyrus females, were to be found the living
Bombus queens. Apparently, as in the case of the Psithyrus
insularis, the female of Psithyrus variabilis does not kill the queen
Bombus.
Hibernating Hydrophilidse. — Mr. Fred Wintersteiner, who is
studying the habits of this family, reports the capture near Rich-
mond, Va., during the last week of January of adults of Phil-
hydrus nebulosus, P. ochraceus, Tropisternus glaber, T. lateralis,
Creniphilus subcupreus, and Cymbiodyta fimbriata.
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FOR SALE.— Entomological News, Vols. XV to^ XX, inclusive, un-
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CONTENTS
ENTOMOLOGY AND LITERATURE, Slosson 49
VELIINAE OF ATLANTIC STATES, Torre Bueno 52
OSBORN, AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY 61
NEW SPECIES OF THROSCIDAE, Schaeffer 62
CEDALEOTHRIPS HOOKERI, N. SP., N. GEN,, Hood 64
COMPARISON OF PUP^ OF PROMACHUS VERTEBRATUS
AND FITCHII, Malloch 66
OPEROPHTERA BRUCEATA, Pearsall 68
TWO NEW LUCANIDS, Angell 70
^\\^^f^i^lnsi,t^^
^UN 18 1916 '
BULLETIN ^ ^^ M"^^^^
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Vol. XI June, 1916 No. 3
ENTOMOLOGY AND LITERATURE
By Annie Trumbull Slosson, N. Y. City.
I am not going to write of entomological literature; we know
all about that — sometimes more than we wish perhaps. But I
want to speak of these two subjects as quite separate things, the
study of insects and belles lettres. I am led to do this by certain
happenings, some of them seeming to show how far apart these
two are, some proving that they are closely akin. In the first
place I, myself, have been surprised again and again by coming
across the name as author, on title page of book, or at head of
magazine essay, of someone I had known previously only as an
entomologist. In the boulders of the far west dwells a man who
knows more about hymenoptera than do the bees and wasps them-
selves. Beside his entomological papers, he has written charming
literary essays with not a sting or waspish allusion therein, but a
store of honey will reward the reader. I read, some years ago, a
clever detective novel, full of crime and mystery. Not till I had
finished the volume, solved the problem, and found out who " did
it," had I turned to the title page for the name of the author.
Fancy my amaze when I saw that our authority on the Plusia
group had deserted for the nonce his silver-lined, gold-touched
favorites and, as a little Vermont boy I once met used to say,
"done a book." He wrote others too, books with not, if I re-
member rightly, a lepidopterous allusion, a noctuidic touch, a
hint of moth from Panchrysia to Syngrapha.
And we have another insect student, an expert and authority in
Coleoptera who turns out books with not a beetle in them. They
do not treat of elytra, gauzy wings, femora and tarsi as means
49
50 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
of locomotion but tell of wheels, tires and treadles, about which
he " knows it all." Yet, at heart I really believe that — to parody
rather irreverently lines of a great poet — he would say from his
heart
Better beetles far of Europe
Than a cycle of Cathay.
I have a delightful little book called " Days Afield." It deals
with nature, but not entomological nature only, tells of the woods
and streams and fields of that island of which the author is the
Gilbert White of Selborne memory. He could not, being what
he is, leave out all hint of butterfly, beetle, bug, — but there is
more of bird and blossom than of insects. The book was written
several years ago ; perhaps its author would not, could not now,
be so conservative ; could not banish to silence from his pages the
shrilling of the cicada, the jarring of the "jar-fly."
Several English entomologists have written books on subjects
quite apart from the branch of natural history to which their
authors were devoted, indeed apart from natural history itself.
One, at least, wrote poetry, odes, sonnets, even hymns, in which
not a cricket chirped, bee hummed, fly buzzed, or beetle stridu-
lated. Few who knew and sympathized with him as an en-
tomologist dreamed of his being a poet, and those who read and
loved his verse had little knowledge of his taste for "bee and
moth and flying thing." Grote, so well known as a student of
lepidoptera, was also a poet, writing pleasing and rhythmical
verse. Many years ago, in the very earliest days of the New
York Entomological Society, I took with me to one of its meet-
ings, a guest staying at my home. It was Charles Dudley Warner,
just then at the height of his fame as a delightful writer of essays,
a charming teller of stories. I introduced my distinguished
friend to one or two of the members before the meeting opened
and presently one of them drew me aside and asked the visitors's
name as he had not caught it. When I repeated it with pardon-
able pride the eager entomologist said, " Yes, of course I've heard
his name but forget his line. Is it coleoptera ? " Poor Mr.
Warner ! It was a lesson to him — for you may be sure I made
the most of it after the meeting — and I can hear him now say, as
he said then with his whimsical smile, " There's a man who would
June, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 51
despise me if he knew I have not an idea what coleoptera is. I
only write things." Many hobby-riders who also " write things "
have had similar experiences.
Entomology and literature work well together in harness, each
being a good " running mate " for the other. Some authors are
troubled to find names for their stories, titles for their books.
An entomologist need never be at a loss in the matter. Let him
take a volume at random from the shelf which holds his bound
magazines. He will find it bristling with suggestions, scintillating
with bright hints. Ah, the stories I have wanted to write as I
looked over the index of some one of our journals. What an
epic I might write on " The Song of Thyreonotus " from an old
magazine; it is a whole Greek tragedy in itself. I wrote —
mentally and with not a pen in sight — a weird tale with the title
stolen from the Canadian Entomologist, "Aberrations of
Vanessa." She had many idiosyncrasies, this Vanessa, heroine
of my psychological story, still unwritten. " The Coulee Cricket "
suggested an irrepressible cowboy bearing that nickname because
of his nimble escapes from dangers such as prisons, police and
such. " The Capture of Monodontomerus " is a taking title for
an Indian romance. " Cannibalistic Tendencies of Certain
Females" suggests a tale of lady vampires or ghouls, and "A
Flight of Water Boatmen " is not a bad name for a sea story.
These things show, I think, how entomology may help the literary
man. As to the reverse, how^ a literary touch adds to the charm
of entomological writings, need I try to prove it? Several of the
writers for this and for our other journals make of their papers
concerning dry, technical subjects, delightful essays, real idyls.
Some of our fellow naturalists in Canada write such papers,
published in the annual report of their society, and I read them
with great pleasure enjoying them as I do the essays of Thoreau,
Burroughs, Muir and Bradford Torrey. A certain orthopterist
in a New England town often gives a delightful literary touch to
his scientific descriptions, making the reader see sporting elves,
fairies or brownies, in green or wood color, instead of leaping
insects with their polysyllabic titles.
In an article published in Psyche more than twenty years ago
on the orthoptera of certain islands off the Massachusetts coast
52 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
this specialist spoke of the cruelty shown the sea birds there by
summer visitors. These mutilated the young terns, severing their
wing-tips to carry home as mementoes and leaving the crippled
victims suffering and helpless. And he wrote: "The shadow of
a tern's wing is but slight and its hue is that of the surf along the
shore, yet it might well forever cloud the memory and darken the
record of the heartless wretches who practised such devilish
cruelty upon the helpless innocents of Penikese."
In your own Bulletin a writer who has delved into the past
has brought out wonderful treasures from Egypt, from Greece,
from sages and poets of olden days, even quoting Sanscrit freely
in his writings as if it were his native patois.
It has been a sort of fashion these last years, the introduction
of entomology into fiction. I have come across several novels
lately in which the hero or some subordinate character is a col-
lector of insects. One such book is " Mr. Hobby," published a
year or two ago. And Joseph Conrad, in his " Lord Jim," intro-
duces such a character, a merchant named Stein. The author
describes the hero's room with its "dark boxes of uniform shape
and color on narrow shelves," and speaks of his " Buprestidse and
Longicorns, horrible miniature monsters, looking malevolent even
in death." What do Messrs. Schaeffer, Leng, et al. think of that
description of their beautiful favorites? Just fancy calling our
brilliant Buprestis rufipes or fasciata or any species of our grace-
ful Strangalia or Bellamira, horrible and malevolent !
But I must stop here. This is a wandering, erratic sort of
essay, and, as I look back over it I see that its title it most mislead-
ing. For surely it is not entomology and just as surely no one
could call it literature.
THE VELIINAE OF THE ATLANTIC STATES
By J. R. DE LA Torre Bueno, White Plains, N. Y.
In a previous paper* the larger forms of the Gerridse, the sub-
family Gerrinas, were considered ; here we deal with those minute
species so seldom seen at large and still more infrequently in col-
*i9ii, "The Gerrids of the Atlantic States (Subfamily Gerrinse)," Tr.
Am. Ent Soc, XXXVII, No. 3, pp. 243-252.
June, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 53
lections. They dwell, as do their larger cousins, wherever there
is water to bear them on its elastic surface, except that, being far
smaller, they do not require such wide reaches for a contented
existence. Some may be found in the narrow confines of springs
and water-holes ; others in swift streams where the ripples braid
the waters; or again, in. salt coast estuaries; and finally, certain
ones seek the shelter of vegetation growing in slow-moving
streams, or on the edges of ponds. None, however,' counts among
its members such daring navigators as there are among the larger
Gerrinse. In the eastern United States, these small forms are ap-
parently as numerous in species as the larger; it is even possible
that there are more of the former, since the much more noticeable
Gerrids are far likelier to be collected than the inconspicuous
atoms here dealt with. The subfamily is divided into three gen-
era, which may be separated by the following key :
1. Anterior tarsi 2-joInted; last antennal joint \ongtst. .Microvelia Westw.
2. Anterior tarsi i- or 3-jointed; first antennal joint lorigest.
3. Anterior tarsi i-jointed; intermediate tarsi longer than last, 3d- joint
• split and with feathery hairs set in split. Rhagovelia Mayr
4. Anterior tarsi 3-jointed; intermediate tarsi longer than last, but not
split and. without feathery hairs Velia Latr.
Velia Latreille, 1804, Gen. Crust. Ins., Ill: 133. — This genus
is represented in the Atlantic States by only two species, neither
of which is known as yet north of the vicinity of Washington,
D. C. Little seems to be known in regard to them. Miall limits
his remarks on the European V. currens to stating that it swims
under water more readily than Gerris and walks back-downward
on the surface film. The genus is dimorphic as to wings, which,
of course, makes certain structural changes in the thorax. Like
all their congeners, the species of the genus are predaceous. So
far as known, they are stream forms, as denoted by the names
of the two Europeans, currens and rivulorum. These congregate
in small schools, though our own have been taken only by ones
and twos. The European species overwinter as adults in moss
on stones. The eggs are deposited in spring on the vegetation
coming to the surface.*
* C. Wesenberg-Lund, " Fortpflanzungsverhaltnisse : Paarung und Eia-
blage der Susswasserinsekten," Forts. Nat. Forsch., Halle, VII : 196.
54 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
The species thus far recognized from the eastern United States
may be separated by the following key :
1 (2). Intermediate tarsi subequal to or but little longer than posterior,
joints 2 and 3 subequal; second joint of hind tarsi longer than
third V. stagnalis Burm., Heid., Bueno
2 (i). Intermediate tarsi much longer than posterior, joint 2 much
longer than 3; joint 2 of hind tarsi shorter than 3; (first joint
of antennae nearly one and a half times as long as second).
V. australis n. sp.
Velia stagnalis Burmeister, 1835, Handbuch, II : 212. — So far, this spe-
cies has been taken only in the apterous form. Before me are two speci-
mens, one from Washington, D. C. (Heidemann), and the other from
Raleigh, N. C. (C. S. Brimley). Burmeister records two specimens from
near Philadelphia, and it is also stated to be found in Cuba. I know of
na life history notes or details of habitat.
Velia australis n. sp. — Head triangularly obtusely produced with a me-
dian impressed line; eyes globose, a Httle less in diameter than the distance
between them. Antennae slender, first joint stoutest, longest, curved;
second joint thinner than first, but stouter than third and fourth, shortest;
third and fourth joints slender, of nearly equal thickness throughout, sub-
equal in length; all pilose and setigerous.
Thorax faintly carinate, roundedly produced posteriorly, deeply punc-
tured ; two transverse impressions before the middle, the posterior with
four deep f oveate punctures ; lateral angles prominent.
Hemelytra (or tegmina). narrower and slightly shorter than abdomen,
with sHght distinction of texture between corium and membrane.
Femora stout, anterior shortest, intermediate longest; all the tibiae are
longer than the corresponding femora ; intermediate tarsi longest, anterior
shortest, first joint in all minute, second joint longest in second and third
pair of tarsi, third joint in first pair.
In the middle section of the metapleur^ is an obscure and scarcely dis-
tinguishable opening, protected by three long black upwardly curving
spines, which can be seen from above. This is a distinguishing character
of this species, as it is apparently not found in other American forms
described and in the four or five known to me in nature.
Color brown ; silvery pilose : posterior connexival edges from third to
sixth segment (only fourth to sixth visible in winged), an interrupted
streak on the connexival suture beneath ; luteous : antennas, coxae, tro-
chanters, base of rostrum and bands on legs and bases of all femora,
remainder of legs infuscated. Hemelytra fuliginous with sparse golden
pubescence on corium ; corium with a narrow apical white streak ; mem-
brane smoky with three white spots at apex, the central one cordate and
deeply emarginate, the two lateral ones irregularly rounded and nearer the
apex of the membrane. Veins concolorous.
June, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 55
Apterous form : Pronotum stout, transversely impressed about one
fourth its length from the anterior margin, two longitudinal impressions
from the anterior margin at the eyes meet it, producing deep f oveae at
the points of juncture; rounded truncate posteriorly with a somewhat
broad explanate margin. Six abdominal segments and two genital visible
dorsally, six ventrally (as in the winged), segments except the first of
nearly equal length, abdomen widest at fifth and sixth segments, with two
deep longitudinal lateral grooves. Connexival edges blunt, rounded ; gen-
ital segment quadrilateral, twice as broad as long, truncated, with the
second genital segment projecting beyond like a small blunt knob. Other
structural characters as in the winged, except two small, triangular wing-
pads. *
Color brown as in the winged, except that the specimen in hand is some-
what darker in shade. Silvery pilose, two small anter-lateral patches on
pronotum, posterior connexival edges from second to sixth segment, pos-
terior middle of third dorsal segment, broadening in fourth and broadly
lateral in fifth and sixth, fifth segment with a small posterior median
patch. Milk white, vestigial wing pads projecting beyond posterior edge
of pronotum. Winged, long., 5.3 mm. ; lat, 2 mm. at humeri. Apterous,
long., 5 mm.; lat, 1.7 mm.
Described irom one winged male, " Fla., Wagner — E. I. ", with
last two joints of antennae missing; and one apterous male, with
two joints of right antennae missing, from Spring Creek, Decatur
Co., Georgia, June 7-23, 1912. J. C. Bradley.
Type, winged male in my collection.
Paratype (and morphotype), apterous male in collection J. C.
Bradley.
Rhagovelia Mayr. 1865, Verh. zool. hot. Ges. Wien, XV: 445.
Biucula Stal, 1865, Hem. Afr., Ill: 167. Neovelia F. B.
White, 1879, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XIV: 487.
Trochopus Carpenter, 1898, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIV: 78.
Rhagovelia, next to Rheumatobates, is perhaps the most in-
teresting genus of the waterstriders in regard to special adapta-
tion to a peculiar habitat, to be found only in running streams.
The species are dimorphic, but in our latitude the fully winged
are rarely seen. Little is known as to their breeding habits or
other phases of life. The Atlantic States forms are easily sep-
arated, aside from the difference of habitat, by the following key :
I. Intermediate and hind tarsi third joint longest; hind femora incrassate
and spinose in both sexes ; very dark in color and with a more or
less seneous luster R, obesa Uhler
56 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
2. Intermediate and hind tarsi second joint longest; hind femora scarcely
incrassate in both sexes, not spinose; lead gray in color (subgenus
Trochopns Carpenter) R. plumbea Uhler
Rhagovelia obesa Uhler, 1871, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist,,
XIV: 107. This species is found in the rapid parts of streams
throughout the Atlantic States. In such places, they congregate
in schools, swimming powerfully in zig-zags against the current,
or at times sheltered behind some out jutting rock, placidly
paddling in the eddies that swirl about it. The peculiar tarsal
plume in this species and its striking function are descrif)ed in
detail in the Canadian Entomologist.* This is a difficult form to
confine in an aquarium, as it immediately takes to diving and
finally perishes. Rhagovelia obesa is sometimes found winged
about New York, but so rarely that my fifteen years of collecting
have yielded only seven. It is perhaps the most widespread
species of the genus and it has been suspected that some of
Champion's Central American species may be but unrecognized
variants of it. Central America seems to be the metropolis of
the genus, as most of the known species are thence. It has been
recorded from all the Atlantic States except Florida and is known
from Canada.
Rhagovelia (Trochopus) plumbea Uhler, 1894, Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond., p. 217 = Trochopus marinus Carpenter, 1889, Ent.
Mo. Mag., XXXIV: 78, pi. 3. This species is a denizen of
estuaries, bays and other brackish or salt waters on our southern
coasts and about the Antilles. There is only one other with a
like habitat, Rh. salina Champ., which is found on the Central
American coast cays. Nothing further seems to be known of its
habits. Its leaden hue alone is enough to distinguish it from its
near relatives,
Microvelia Westwood, 1834, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., Ill : 647.
Hydroessa Burmeister, 1835, Handbuch, II: 213. Veliomorpha
Carlini, 1895, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen., XXXV: 120. ' This genus
contains not only the smallest of the waterstriders, but also of all
the water-dwellers among the Hemiptera. It is very likely the
most abundant as to numbers and species, and the most widely
* 1907, on Rhagovelia obesa Uhler, Vol. XXXIX : 61-64.
June, igi6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 57
distributed, since it is known from all the continents and nearly
all the islands in every zoological region. Be it pond, lake or
stream, it is always possible to secure them hiding among the
grasses or walking about the banks or stalking their game on the
green fields of duck-weed floating on some placid pool. This
genus also is dimorphic, the winged and wingless so notably dif-
ferent that they have frequently been taken for distinct species.
However, in the antennge we have such excellent characters that it
is always possible to bring together both forms of any one species
and to differentiate them from others, though closely related.
This character is largely employed in this key to the species of
Microvelia : ^~^
1 (2). Antennae comparatively short and stout, not exceeding length of
head and thorax taken together; legs short and stout.
M. atrata n. sp.
2 (i). Antennse slender, of varying lengths.
3 (4). Posterior tibise curved in male, straight in female; antennse short,
not as long as head and thorax taken together ; apterous male,
long, slender, fusiform, female, short, broad, nearly orbiculate.
M. h ore alls n. sp.
4 (3). Posterior tibise straight in both sexes.
5 (8). Posterior tarsi 3-jointed.
6 (7). Antennal joint 3 longer than I, 4 subequal to 2 and 3 taken together ;
joints 3 and 4 slender, equally stout and of the same diameter
throughout, 4 tapering at the end, antennse very long ; hemelytra
much marked with white M. alhonotata Champ.
7 (6). Antennal joint 3 subequal to i, 4 shorter than 2 and 3 taken
together, stouter than 3, fusiform; apterous form with dorsal
patches of blue-gray pile M. fontinalis n. sp.
8 (5). Posterior tarsi 2-jointed; antennal joints i and 3 subequal, 4 much
shorter than 2 and 3 taken together; apterous form with dorsal
patches of silvery white pile; winged form with unicolorous
hemelytra M. americana Uhler
Microvelia americana Uhler, 1883, Stand. Nat. Hist., H : 274.
This species may be further separated from its relatives by the
fourth antennal joint longer than 3d, and i than 2, 2 being the
shortest ; 3 is the thinnest, the others of nearly equal diameter and
I sHghtly curved. The hind femora extend slightly beyond the
apex of the abdomen; the hind tibise are straight in both sexes,
and the hind tarsi two-jointed. Its life-history and habits have
been detailed before.*
* 1910, Canadian Entomologist, XLII : 176-186.
58 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
The species ranges over all the Eastern States south to Florida
and west to the Mississippi. It has been found in Colorado and
is said to occur in Texas. The southwestern records, however,
should be confirmed by careful study.
Microvelia. fontinalis n. sp. — Apterous form : Head nearly as broad as
long; white pile next to eyes. Eyes round, small, prominent, black; ocelli
close to eyes.
Antennae nearly half as long as the entire insect; joints i and 2 sub-
equal, I shortest, 3 longer than 2, 4 longest; joint i stoutest, 2 following,
3 slender and 4 stouter than 3, fusiform; all joints more or less pilose,
especially 4.
Thorax longer than first three dorsal abdominal segments. Femora in
all three pairs of legs stouter than tibiae, hairy, all tibiae straight. Femora
flavous toward base, tibiae entirely fuscous.
Six abdominal dorsal segments visible, first and second dorsally with
lateral patches of fine blue-gray pile ; five and six with a median large
patch, nearly covering the entire segment; all segments margined with
black ; first four segments brown above ; all segments a lighter brown on
the underside, covered with a sericeous pile. Connexivum strongly re-
fiexed in both sexes, more so in the female ; spiracles visible at connexi-
vum ; male genital segment not very prominent. General color fuscous,
strongly pilose.
Type, female taken at White Plains, Westchester Co., N. Y., June 30,
igi2; paratypes, four specimens same place, same date, two Westfield,
N. J., September 3, 1904.
Long., 2.3 mm. ; lat., i.i mm. at widest part.
Only the wingless form is known. It was taken in numbers in
a spring in a marshy woodland, where it clings to the long mosses
growing into the water or walks about leisurely a short distance
from the rocky sides of the basin. The blue-gray patches' of
pubescence on the dorsum are distinguishing characteristics. The
characters given distinguish it from M. americana, for small
specimens of which it might be mistaken. In antennal structure
it is near M. albonotata.
Microvelia albonotata Champion, 1898, Biologia Centrali Amer-
icana, Heteroptera, II, pp. 127, 129, pi. VIII, f. 7, winged form.
= M. capitata Bueno, Heidemann in Insects of N. J., nee Guerin,
for the apterous form.
Apterous form : Connexivum strongly refiexed, with brown patch on
each segment; dorsum black, except three last abdominal segments, which
are broadly greenish, the last entirely so. Genital segment large, promi-
June, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 59
nent. Thorax tumid, mesothorax rounded behind; metathorax straight,
form narrow, abdomen subparallel. Male, Morphotype, male, Fort Lee
district, N. J., Oct. 10, 1903.
Apterous female : Differs from the male in having the abdomen poste-
riorly roundedly truncate; form obovate. The specimen in question has
the dorsum nearly entirely a deep velvety black; another specimen shows
but little black. Morphoparatypes, 2 females, Fort Lee District, N. J.,
Oct. 10, 1903 ; Fly Creek, N. Y., August 29, 1906.
This species was described from a single winged male from
Guatemala. Subsequently recorded from Riverton, N. J., by Van
Duzee, the writer later secured it at Westfield, N. J. The speci-
mens from the United States agree with a Mexican in collection
Kirkaldy.
In this species, as in the other, the most obvious character is
in the long thin antennas. It cannot be mistaken for any other
species, being the largest of our eastern forms, except americana,
from which its slim body, long thin antennae and white-spangled
hemelytra at once distinguish it. The apterous are more glabrous
and much less velvety in appearance than the winged. It is also
known from Georgia, taken by Dr. J. C. Bradley.
Microveiia borealis n. sp. = M. pulchella Bueno et auctt. Am., nee West-
wood.
Head with an impressed line down the middle; antennae slender; not
quite as long as head and thorax taken together; joint i stoutest, 3 slen-
derest, 2 and 4 nearly equal in thickness, the last fusiform; joint 2 shorter
than I, which is subequal to 3 and shorter than 4, the longest; a white
line next the eyes. Pronotum as long as broad, with a distinct collum,
rounded behind, humeral angles prominent, tumid. Both head and thorax
velvety black, except for the silvery stripe next the eyes in the former.
Eyes round, diameter half the distance between them. Hemelytra as wide
as abdomen, entirely membranous ; nervures prominent, black, cells gray
except apical which is white. Femora slightly stouter than the tibiae, legs
pilose, posterior tibiae curved, bases of femora lighter in color. Genital
segment prominent. Fusiform in shape.
Long., 1.6 ipm. ; lat., .7 mm. at humeri.
Type, winged male, taken at Cranford, N. J., on the Rahway River,
August 8, 1904.
Winged female: Differs from the male principally in the broader form,
sides of abdomen subparallel and more or less curving; hemelytra do not
quite cover connexivum ; posterior tibiae straight.
Long., 2 mm. ; lat, .8 mm.
Allotype, winged female, Staten Island, N. Y., August 19, 1905.
60 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
Apterous male : Fusiform, pronotum tumid, divided by distinct sutures
into three segments ; mesonotum with a deep suture behind middle, di-
rected anteriorly at each end ; genital segment prominent ; abdominal seg-
ments subequal. Velvety gray black in color.
Long., 1.9 mm. ; lat., .7 mm.
Morphotype : Apterous male, from Staten Island, same date.
Apterous female: Orbiculate, genital segment truncate; gray and black
coloring, much more marked and definite than in male.
Long., 1.6 mm. ; lat, i.i mm. at widest part.
Morphoparatype : Apterous female, Staten Island, N. Y., June 3, 1905.
Nine other paratypes of both sexes and forms from Westfield, N. J., Yap-
hank, L. I., and Staten Island.
In all the underside of the head, pro- and mesosternum are yellowish,
as well as the coxje, trochanters and greater part of femora.
This species has appeared in the writer's papers as pulchella
Westwood, from which it may be separated, aside from being
smaller by having joint i of antennje longer than 2. The former,
so far as is known, is only Antillean in distribution.
It is perhaps the most abundant of our native Microvelias, and
it may always be found in large colonies on the matted Lemna
on still ponds. It is just as predaceous as its larger congeners
and is most frequently found in the wingless form, although the
fully winged is not rare. It begins to breed on emergence from
its winter quarters, and lays its eggs end-to on the underside of
the duckweed leaves with the head toward the edge, in the usual
gelatine. The nymphs emerge in 8 to 13 days, and after four
molts reach the adult in about 16 days minimum, or 24 days from
the &gg to the adult, which would allow for eight generations in a
summer. One female may lay several batches of eggs ; her
progeny may be found in various instars at the same time.
Attention is directed to the unusual number of molts, as the
general rule in Heteroptera is five.
Microvelia strata n. sp. — Head comparatively short and broad ; eyes
round, rather prominent; antennae short, rather stout, not much longer
than head and thorax taken together, joint i stoutest, 3 thinnest, 2 shortest,
4 longest, fusiform, 3 shorter than 4 and subequal to i, which is longer
than 2. Pronotum not much produced, rounded behind; humeri promi-
nent. CoUum yellowish with narrow black median line ; suture before
middle of thorax grayish pilose. Hemelytra not so wide as abdomen,
corium and clavus milk-white at base, a white patch in the middle cell.
Legs comparatively short and stout, tibiae straight in both sexes. Sub-
parallel in shape.
June, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 61
General color, sooty black; pronotum narrowly flavous toward apex;
connexivum flavous edged with black above and below; grayish black
pilose beneath ; femora light yellow basally.
Long., 2 mm. ; lat, .9 mm. at humeri.
Type, female, Billy's Island, Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia, June, 1912,
collected by J. C. Bradley.
Allotype, male, differs from female in having the genital segment
rounded and slightly prominent. Same locality and date.
Long., 1.7 mm.; lat, .8 mm. at humeri.
Apterous male, subparallel in form ; genital segment visible from above,
small, not very prominent; a glabrous indentation in the last abdominal
segment; connexivum not much reflexed; prothorax short with two more
or less obscure transverse sutures. Vestigial wings visible at posterior
edge of thorax as two minute milk-white pads. Entire insect brown pilose.
Long., 1.6 mm. ; lat, .8 mm. at widest part.
Morphoparatype, apterous male from same locality, same date.
Apterous female, differs from male in form, which is obovate, and in the
shape of the genital segment, which is visible from above.
Long., 1.8 mm.; lat, .9 mm., at widest part of abdomen.
Paratype, same locality and date as type.
Additional paratypes, four specimens of the forms.
This velvety black species was secured in numbers by J.
Chester Bradley and so far is known only thence.
In conclusion, it should be noted that not much stress is laid
on color characters, except those of the hemelytra, which are a
fairly reliable guide in ordinary specimens, but as dark ones
are frequently found, this character should not be considered
final. The two apparently stable characters are the size and the
antennae. Even here, care should be taken, since the compara-
tive length and thickness of the antennal joints one to the other
may frequently vary. For this reason they are not expressed
herein in definite lengths, but the proportion between the joints
of the same antenna remains.
Prof. Herbert Osborn, of the Ohio State University, and Managing Editor
of the Annals of the Entomological Society of America, has issued his
new book. Agricultural Entomology, published by Lea & Febiger, Phila-
delphia and New York, price $2 net.
While designed for students, farmers, fruit growers and gardeners, the
book can well be added to the working library of any entomologist or col-
lector in any order. The illustrations, 253 in number, are especially
notable. — Ed.
62 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
NEW SPECIES OF THROSCID^ (COL.).
By Charles Schaeffer, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Four species of Drapetes are credited to our list to which two
more have to be added. A new species from Lower California,
which differs from the Mexican and Central American species
having no carina at the hind angles of prothorax by the position
of the red spots and by this and the non-carinate hind angles of
prothorax from the North American species. Of the Mexican
D. niger I have taken a few specimens at Brownsville, Texas.
Two new species belonging to other genera are also added.
One of them, a fairly common species of Throscus in the east,
was labeled " n. sp." by the late Frederic Blanchard.
Table of the Species of Drapetes Redt.
1. Carina of hind angles of prothorax long, extending to about two thirds
to apex 4
Carina of hind angles short or absent 2
2. Hind angles of prothorax without carina; color black, humeri with a
small, red spot ecarinatus n. sp.
Hind angles of prothorax carinate, carina not extending to the middle.. 3
3. Prothorax red, elytra black without spots rubricollis Lee.
Prothorax black ; elytra black, with two large sub-basal and two smaller
subapical red spots quadripustulatus Bonv.
4. Elytra with two large, oblique, red sub-basal spots, which often unite
at suture geminatus Say
Elytra without red spots 5
5. Elytra without fascia of white hairs below middle nitidus Melsh.
Elytra with fascia of fine white hairs below middle. niger Bonv.
Drapetes ecarinatus new species : Black, elytral humeri with a red spot.
Head sparsely punctate. Prothorax at base slightly wider than long;
sides feebly arcuately narrowing to apex ; hind angles without carina ; sur-
face moderately coarsely and densely punctate ; punctures finer towards
apex ; below coarsely and rather densely punctate at sides. Elytra grad-
ually narrowed from base to apex; disk irregularly punctate, punctures
finer than those on prothorax. Metasternum sparsely punctate, punctua-
tion a little denser and coarser at sides. Abdomen rather sparsely punc-
tate and pubescent. Length 4.6 mm.
El Taste, Lower California (G. Beyer).
Drapetes niger Bonv. : This Mexican species, which occurs at Browns-
ville, Texas, is a little narrower than our eastern species, the color is black.
June, igi6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 63
with the first joint of antennae pale. Prothorax rather coarsely punctate
and the elytra with a fascia of white hairs below middle. Length 3.5 mm.
Aulonothroscus rugosiceps new species : Piceous, moderately shining, sur-
face moderately densely pubescent. Head coarsely and densely punctate,
more or less distinctly carinate laterally near each eye and also with a
short, irregular carina at middle; eyes entire. Prothorax about twice as
wide as long; sides arcuately narrowing from base to apex; hind angles
with a 'relatively long carina ; surface moderately coarsely but not densely
punctate, intervals between the punctures minutely punctulate. Elytra
slightly narrowing posteriorly; striae very feebly impressed, almost oblit-
erated on the disk; intervals irregularly punctate with very minute punc-
tures intermixed. Prosternum very sparsely punctate; lateral striae deep,
parallel and entire. Metasternum and abdomen rather coarsely punctate.
Length 4 mm.
Brownsville, Texas (O. Dietz).
The entire eyes and the long, entire prosternal striae relate this
species to A. constrictor, from which it differs in the distinctly
carinate hind angles of prothorax, the carinate head and the
absence of the basal impression, which is very pronounced in A.
constrictor.
The head is unusually coarsely punctate with the punctures'
here and there confluent.
Throscus carinicollis new species : Brown, feebly shining, surface densely
but not coarsely pubescent. Head sparsely punctate in front with a rather
distinct carina near each eye; eyes nearly divided. Prothorax wider than
long, sides feebly arcuate and rather strongly narrowing from the basal
to the anterior angles ; basal angles rather strongly carinate ; disk moder-
ately coarsely punctate, on each side of middle near base a more or less
distinct impression. Elytra scarcely narrower than the thorax, slightly
narrower posteriorly; surface punctate striate; intervals biseriately punc-
tate with larger punctures, intermixed with very minute punctures. Pro-
sternum sparsely punctate near apex, punctures absent or obliterated in
about basal half ; striae deep, entire and nearly parallel. Metasternum and
abdomen moderately coarsely punctate. Length 3 mm.
Elk Co., Pennsylvania.
This species is very close to chevrolati from which it differs in
having a very distinct carina at the hind angles of prothorax, less
coarse pubescence and punctuation and a more distinct ante-
scutellar impression at base of prothorax.
I have also specimens from New Jersey.
64 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
(EDALEOTHRIPS HOOKERI, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES
OF THYSANOPTERA.
By J. Douglas Hood, U. S. Biological Survey.
(Edaleothrips gen. nov.
(oi8d\4os, turgid; 0p^i^, a wood worm).
Head about one and one half times as long as wide, much narrowed at
base and broadest across eyes, about twice as long as pronotum and about
equal in width to pterothorax ; vertex rugose ; postocular bristles short,
sublateral, equal in length to a forwardly-directed pair near base of an-
tennse. Anteftnse eight-segmented, segments 4-6, with ventral prolonga-
tions at apex; segment 3 longest. Eyes rather small, flattened, protrud-
ing, produced posteriorly on ventral surface of head, widely separated.
Mouth cone short, semicircularly rounded at apex, about attaining middle
of prosternum. Prothorax unusually narrow and about two thirds as
long as wide; usual bristles all present but reduced in size. Pterothorax
greatly reduced, about as long as broad and about equal in width to head.
Fore tarsi armed with a short, stout tooth. Wings wanting in the geno-
type. Abdomen broad and heavy, with dorsal white blotches ; tube about
half as long as head.
Genotype : (Edaleothrips hookeri sp. nov.
Closely related to Cryptothrips Uzel (type C. lata Uzel, by
present designation), and no doubt derived from that section of
the genus which includes dentipes Reuter, bicolor Heeger, and
gih'ipes Hood. . The swollen head (which has suggested the
generic name), the reduced pterothorax, and the enlarged abdo-
men give the insect a truly ant-like appearance, and serve to dis-
tinguish it readily from described forms.
(Edaleothrips hookeri sp. nov. (PI. 2, Figs. 1-3.) Female (apterous).
— Length about 2.6 mm. Head and thorax dark blackish brown ; abdomen
coal black, with first segment pale yellow and tube lemon yellow, tipped
with black, dorsum with three pairs of chalky-white dorso-lateral blotches,
on segments 2, 5, and 6, respectively, the blotches on i linear, the others
rounded, the pair on 5 largest; antennal segments i and 2 pale yellowish,
3 orange-brown in basal half, becoming blackish brown at apex, remainder
of antenna black.
Head about 1.5 times as long as wide, elevated and swollen behind eyes,
narrowed posteriorly, and at base with neck-like constriction ; dorsal sur-
face rugose in the vertical region, reticulate posteriorly; vertex nearly
flat; postocular bristles small, almost lateral, capitate, similar to a for-
wardly-directed pair near base of antennae. Eyes flattened, protruding,
Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society. Vol. XI.
A New Thysanoptera — Hood
June, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 65
produced posteriorly on ventral surface of head, widely separated, about
half as wide as their dorsal interval. Ocelli wanting. Antennae about 1.4
times as long as head, formed almost exactly as in Cryptothrips gilvipes
Hood ;* sense cones short.
Prothorax about half as long as head and (inclusive of coxse) about
1.6 times as wide as long, declivous posteriorly; usual bristles all present,
similar to postoculars. Pterothorax greatly reduced, about as long as
broad and about equal in width to head ; mesonotum nearly smooth, meta-
notum with heavy concentric anastomozing striae. Legs about concolorous
with head and thorax. Fore tarsus with a short, stout, triangular tooth.
Abdomen stout, heavy, about twice as wide as pterothorax ; tube yellow,
less than half as long as head, distinctly constricted at apex, which is
black ; all abdominal bristles colorless, mostly knobbed.
Measurements of holotype (approximate only) : Length 2.58 mm. ; head,
length 0.49 mm., width 0.32 mm.; prothorax, length 0.25 mm., width (in-
clusive of coxae) 0.43 mm. ; pterothorax, width 0.30 mm. ; abdomen, width
0.56 mm. ; tube, length 0.22 mm., width at base 0.093 mm., at apex 0.052 mm.
Antennal segments i 2
Length (/^) 75 81
Width (^) 54 39
Total length of antenna, 0.71 mm.
Described from.one female taken on Bermuda grass at Dallas,
Texas, July 21, 1908, by Dr. W. A. Hooker. The species is
named in his honor in recognition of his interest and economic
work in this order of insects.
This is one of the most aberrant American thrips, possessing
unique characters of structure and coloration. In some ways it
suggests Compsothrips albosignatus Renter, which occurs in the
Mediterranean, province of the Palearctic region.
Explanation of Plate 8.
Fig. I. CEdaleothrips hookeri gen. et sp. nov., right fore tarsus, lower
surface.
Fig. 2. CEdaleothrips hookeri, tube, dorsal surface.
Fig. 3. OBdaleothrips hookeri, right antenna, inner dorso-lateral surface.
* Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXVII, 1914, PI. V, Fig. 4.
3
4
5
6
7
8
150
108
96
87
63
51
43
44
42
40
30
18
66 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
A COMPARISON OF THE PUPAE OF PROMACHUS
VERTEBRATUS AND P. FITCHII (DIPTERA).
By J. R. Malloch, Urbana, 111.
In a recently published paper I presented, along with descrip-
tions of a number of pupse of Asilidse, a synoptic key that I
thought might prove useful to other students in separating cer-
tain pupse of this family. As it was based upon a very small
number of species I considered it highly probable that species
belonging to genera unrepresented in my material would run out
of the key either because of their lack of characters found in
species in the caption to which they seemed to run or because of
their disagreement with the descriptions of the species in the
text to which they seemed to be allocated by the use of the key.
It is therefore highly gratifying to discover that in cases where
I have been able to obtain species belonging to the genera dealt
with in my previous paper* they invariably are readily assigned
to their proper genera by the test of the characters used in
the key.
I used as the character for the separation of Promachus from
other genera the structure of the thoracic spiracles, which in this
genus are mere rugose callosities or slight irregular elevations,
whereas in the other genera known to me there are invariably
distinct, reniform, elevated areas such as are present on the
spiracles of the abdomen. I had a large series of specimens of
vertebratus and considered the structure of the thoracic spiracles
constant. I have now obtained from Dr. E. P. Felt examples
of pupae of fitchii which agree with those of vertehratus in having
no reniform elevation. I present herewith a summary of the
characters that distinguish the pupse of the two species before me.
It is necessary to indicate that there is a difference in the
pupse of the sexes in both species as to the form of the apical
abdominal segments, which fact is not mentioned in my previous
paper. The eighth ventral segment in the female is unarmed
in both species, as will be seen by referring to Fig. 2, Plate
LXXXII, of my paper, while in the male of both it is armed with
spines. The apical segment in the female is noticeably shorter
* Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. XI, Art. 4, 1915.
June, igi6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 67
than in the male, especially in fitckii, which species has a very
large hypopygium, the males have also 2 small, round, raised
areas transversely situated near the middle of last segment.
In both species of Promachus I find, in addition to the spiracles,
2 very distictly elevated rugose areas on the anterior margin of
the mesothorax, one on each side of the dorso-median line. In
other AsiHdse which I have examined the corresponding areas are
not appreciably distinguished either by elevation or. rugosity.
The following diagnosis will serve to separate fitchii and verte-
bratus, and should be used at caption 9 in my key to the species .
in the paper already mentioned.
Lateral cephalic process consisting of 3 simple thorns, the upper one
strongest; the last 5-8 thorns on lateral extremities of transverse
armature of abdominal segments 2-7 stout, flattened, and rather
wedge-shaped, their bases fused so that the whole appears as a flap-
like process with a deeply serrate posterior margin ; eighth ventral
abdominal segment of male with 2 thorns ; average length 25 mm.
vertebratus.
Lateral cephalic process consisting of 3 thorns, the upper one bifid or
sometimes duplicated, so that the process appears quadrispinose, the
middle thorn generally strongest; the last 5-6 thorns on lateral ex-
tremities of transverse armature of abdominal segments 2-7 very
slender, their bases distinctly swollen but not fused ; eighth ventral
abdominal segment of male with 4 thorns; average length 21 mm.
fitchii.
In addition to the above, fitchii differs from vertebratus as
follows : the upper cephalic thorns are shorter and stouter and
the distance between them is greater, at apices exceeding the
length of a thorn, whereas in vertebratus it is distinctly less than
the same ; the wart-Hke protuberance on wing in longitudinal line
with the abdominal spiracles is small, rugose, and without an
outstanding sharp ridge, while in vertebratus it is rather large
and has a sharp ridge which is directed slightly upward ; the
abdominal armature is weaker, especially on lateral areas, where
it is not, as in vertebratus, noticeably stronger than the armature
of the post-spiracular area ; the transverse armature of the
seventh dorsal segment consists of long thorns only, the small
ones that occur between these in vertebratus being absent ; the
apical armature consists of an upwardly directed thorn, much
shorter and broader than that in vertebratus, and a very small
one at its base.
68 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
In other respects the species agree closely. The male of fitchii
which is before me differs from that of vertebratus, and also
from the female of fitchii, in that the wings fall slightly short of
the apices of the fore tarsi instead of extending a little beyond
them ; this may be a variable character and I do not make use of
it owing to lack of material for comparison.
I have seen the pupa of another species of Promachus, to
which I have been unable to assign a species name. It agrees
with vertehratus in the structure of the lateral cephalic process in
having the upper thorn simple, but the upper cephalic thorns are
similar to those of fitchii, and the lateral process has the thorns
shorter than in vertehratus. As in the other two species there
are only 3 postspiracular thorns on the first abdominal segment;
the transverse dorsal armature is very similar to that of fitchii in
as far as the lateral areas are concerned, but there are no short
thorns between the long ones on the seventh dorsal segment, and
the apical segment has the upper pair of thorns much swollen at
base and ending in rather long sharp points, while the 2 small
thorns are stronger and the ventral posterior margin has also 2
small thorns. The length of this species is 14 mm.
Vertehratus and fitchii are predaceous on white-grubs, Phyl-
lophaga {=Lachno sterna) spp., the larval habits of the uni-
dentified species are unknown to me.
I take this opportunity of intimating that the pupa which I
described under the name Promachus milherti in the paper previ-
ously referred to, is correctly identified. I had some doubt about
the identity when I wrote the paper as the exuvia were not con-
nected with reared imagines ; but since the paper appeared I
have had the opportunity of examining a reared specimen which
confirms my tentative identification.
OPEROPHTERA (RACHELA) BRUCEATA HULST.
By Richard F. Pearsall, Allaben, N. Y.
In Entomologica Americana, Vol. VI, pp. 123-24, Dr. Geo.
D. Hulst describes this species. He says : " The female of this
species (I have several before me) is almost entirely wingless.
June, ipi6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 69
It has just the merest rudiments of wings — and from its color and
size, I have no doubt it has, if taken, been looked upon as the
5 of one of the species of Anisopteryx {=Paleacrita, Alsophila).
It is of a grayish black color. Antennae and legs annulated with
white. Thorax and abdomen marked above more or less with
blackish."
This description is at variance with two specimens which I
secured in the Catskill Mts. in early winter, November 26 and
27, 191 5. There had been a fall of snow eighteen inches deep
some days before, but it had melted rapidly and these examples
were taken walking up the trunks of maples, one in the early
morning, the other at dusk. The males had been rather plentiful
some ten days previous.
Dr. Hulst was prone to mix his species, and his description
above quoted applies apparently to an example of the so-called
Anisopteryx among the several before him, and for this reason I
append the following:
5. Length 23-25 mm. Form slender. Palpi slender, porrect.
Tongue rudimentary. Antennae long and fine. Frons broad,
slightly bulging. Eyes large. Legs rather long. Hind femora
a little heavier and twisted, with all spurs. Vestiture smooth.
Color a faded seal brown inclining to yellowish, with a sprinkling
of ashen white scales. Antennae brown above, white beneath.
Front and thorax above brown ; beneath more heavily ashen.
Tip of abdomen white. Abdomen above with ashen scales,
mixed rather freely with brown, leaving a dorsal patch of clear
brown on the first segment of the abdomen, with decreasingly
smaller ones on the next three or four segments following. Legs
and tarsi brown, with their inner surfaces ashen. Wing pads
very small, brown tipped with ashen.
It will be observed that the legs and antennae are not annulate
with white and the colors differ from the original description.
The specimens above described are in the collection of the
American Museum of Natural History in New York. If my
notes are correct, the original type specimens are not in existence.
'jQjune, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
TWO NEW LUCANIDS FROM NORTH AMERICA.
By John.W. Angell, N. Y. City.
Lucanus elaphus var. nov. carlengi: Similar in color and sur-
face texture to typical form but differs in the following char-
acters : Head flatter and narrower, width between the eyes about
equal to thorax, frontal ridge straight or very slightly arcuate,
occipital crest much less developed, mandibles less arcuate and
but slightly bent downward, terminal teeth very unequal, the
inner being reduced to a small spine, middle tooth much less
developed, length 38-43 mm. Louisville, Ky., and northern
Illinois. Described from two males received from Mr. Chas.
Schaeffer. This interesting variety, which I have named in
honor of my friend, Charles W, Leng, can be distinguished at
once by its flattened form when viewed from the side, the
mandibles, body, thorax and elytra forming practically one plane.
Dorcus parallelus var. nov. carnochani: Differs from the typ-
ical form in the following characters : Elytra much smoother,
showing only faint strise 5 body much flatter and broader ; width
of head (also thorax) much greater than width of elytra; eyes
less prominent ; anterior tarsi more slender ; mandibles much
more arcuate and blunter, the two teeth being almost equal.
This variety, which I have named in honor of my friend, Mr.
F. G. Carnochan, is readily distinguishable by its broader body
and smoother sculpture and would appear to be related to the
form known as D. hrevis Say.
Described from two males and one female, taken at New City,
N. Y., by F. G. Carnochan and in my collection. Length (c^J*)
22-21 mm. ; ^ 20 mm.
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CONTENTS.
NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF OSTOMIDJE, CLERID^E
AND COSSONUS, Van Dyke 71
NOTES ON STRATEGUS MORMON, Knaus 79
NEW PENTATOMID, Olsen 82
KANSAS VARIETY OF EUPHORBIA, Knaus 84
TRANSLATIONS FROM THE PERSIAN, R. P. D 84
PRESENT STATUS OF CANKERWORM IN BROOKLYN,
Engelhardt ., 85
NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CHLOROPID^E, Malloch 86
NEW MICOGASTERID FLY, Girault 87
PIRENE MARYLANDENSIS, N. SP., Girault 88
CHECKLIST OF HEMIPTERA, Van Duzee 89
RHYNCHOPHORA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 89
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SO-
CIETY 96
V OCT 2 81916 "^1
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Vol. XI October, 1916 No. 4
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NORTH
AMERICAN OSTOMID^, CLERID^, AND
COSSONUS (COL.).
By Edwin C. Van Dyke, Berkeley, Cal.
The following notes and descriptions are in the nature of an
appendix to two previous articles, one on certain Ostomidas* and
the other on the genus Cossonus.'f They are the result of addi-
tional material and data combined with a renewed study of cer-
tain of the forms. The chief source from which I received this
material was the U. S. National Museum, through the kindness
of Dr. E. A. Schwarz and Mr. H. S. Barber. Dr. Schwarz
also furnished me certain notes upon some of the early descrip-
tions which I was not able to see, as well as some notes based
upon his own studies.
Nemosoma punctatum n. sp. Form narrow, elongated, cylindrical, mod-
erately shining, black with basal one third of elytra and antennae rufous,
the basal spot not extending quite to elytral margins. Antennae extending
backwards to thorax, first joint moderate in size, joints 2-8 small and
short, gradually increasing in size outwardly and together subequal in
length to club; club robust and over twice as wide as eighth joint. Head
elongate, about one and a half times as long as wide, with sides posterior
to eyes parallel or just perceptibly arcuate, head broadest across eyes
where of about equal width to elytra; eyes moderate in size and promi-
nence and placed about at middle of head ; epistoma deeply triangularly
* " Some New Beetles in the Families Ostomidae (Trogositidae) and
Cleridae from California," by Edwin C. Van Dyke, Bull. Brooklyn Ent.
Soc, Vol. X, No. 2, pp. 25-33.
t " The Species of Cossonus Clairv. (Coleoptera) of America North of
Mexico," by Edwin C. Van Dyke, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Vol. X, No.
I, pp. 1-23.
71
72 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
emarginate and impressed, front with a longitudinal impressed line; sur-
face rather coarsely and regularly punctured, the punctures at least their
own width apart. Prothorax subequal in length to head, narrower poste-
riorly than elytra, gradually divergent forwards two thirds of way to
head, thence parallel, at apex as broad as base of head and but slightly
less than width of elytra, disc evenly convex, punctured similarly to head,
side margin fine. Elytra about two and a half times as long as wide and
somewhat longer than head and thorax together, punctured similarly to
head and thorax, without tendency to serial arrangement, disc without
trace of striae, a short rather deep linear impression without suture on
apical depression. Head and prothorax beneath coarsely and sparsely
punctured, gula transversely wrinkled, metasternum and abdomen sparsely
and finely punctured.
Length 4.5 mm., breadth i mm.
Type: A female in my own collection.
The description is based upon a single specimen collected at
Ashland, Oregon, May 5, 1915, by Mr. G. H. Champion and
kindly presented by him. One other specimen which is undoubt-
edly the same species has been seen and compared. This latter
was collected on cedar, Libocedrus decurrens Torr., in the bur-
rows of a species of Phlceosinus, on the Klamath river near
Hamburg, Siskiyou County, California, March 15, 1916, by Mr.
Ralph Hopping. It is of the same size, shape and color as the
type, but differs in a few minor ways, such as having the two
projecting portions of the epistoma more prolonged and slightly
everted at the apex and in having the punctuation of the thorax
somewhat finer and that of the elytra much finer, especially
toward the apex. The epistomal character is no doubt sexual,
this specimen being a male.
This species in size and general shape simulates N. fissiceps
Fall, but it differs from that not only in having a black prothorax
but in being definitely and generally punctured. It simulates
N. attenuatum Van Dyke in regard to color, but differs in being
much more robust and in being decidedly punctured. It should
appear in my table between fissiceps Fall and attenuatum Van
Dyke.
Grynocharis expansa n. sp. Form elliptical, depressed, moderately shin-
ing, rufous, with sparse clothing of short, depressed, yellow hair. An-
tennae reaching backwards about to middle of thorax, first joint moderate
in size, bulbous, and with outer anterior part angular, second smaller and
Oct., igi6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 73
almost globular, third still smaller, but longer than broad, the fourth as
broad as long, the remainder broader than long, joints three to eight grad-
ually increasing in breadth, the ninth, tenth and eleventh suddenly en-
larged and forming a loosely jointed club. Head broader than long, one
half breadth of thorax, coarsely variolately punctured, front flattened,
eyes moderate in size but distinctly smaller than in G. pilosula Cr. Thorax
twice as wide as long, disc moderately convex and finely sparsely punc-
tured, sides depressed, widely explanate, the expanded portions together
over one third the breadth of thorax and with punctuation coarse and
closer than on disc, basal margin with median half slightly lobed, the outer
parts just perceptibly rounded, hind angles well rounded, side margin
evenly and gradually arcuate, finely serrulate, and somewhat convergent
to anterior angles which are well rounded, anterior margin deeply and
semicircularly emarginate. Elytra with breadth two thirds of length,
about three times as long as thorax, breadth at base the same as breadth
of thorax, thence gradually increasing to posterior two thirds, disc quite
flat, sides suddenly depressed below disc and explanate, the expanded
margin almost as wide as in the thorax, surface moderately coarsely and
sparsely punctured, each puncture with a short, yellow procumbent hair
arising from it, side margins very finely serrulate, apical angles shghtly
and individually rounded. Beneath very finely and sparsely punctured
and finely and sparsely pubescent.
Length 5 mm., breadth 2.25 mm.
Type: A unique in my own collection.
My specimen I owe to the kindness of Mr. J. C. Bridwell, who
collected it on Mt. San Jacinto in Southern California, in July,
1 91 2. Two other specimens have been seen, a male and female,
a pair in the collection of Mr. Ralph Hopping. They were collected
from beneath the bark of cedar, Libocedrus decurrens Torr. at
Cascada, Sierra National Forest, Fresno County, California,
June I, 191 5. Both have the head and abdomen somewhat
piceous, darker than in type, and the female has the punctuation
of elytra somewhat coarser than in the male and than in my
specimen, which is also a male, otherwise they are the same.
The male is 5 mm. in length and the female 6 mm. It is inter-
esting to note that this pair were taken from beneath dead bark
where both G. quadrilineata Melsh, and G. oregonensis Cr. are
to be found, while G. pilosula Cr., though very common, has
always been taken in flowers, chiefly those of Ceanothus, the so-
called wild lilac.
This species in size and general appearance is like G. pilosula
74 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
Cr. and might at first be taken for a badly rubbed specimen of
the same. It, however, differs markedly as regards a number
of features, such as in its greater flatness, having only one half
the dorso-ventral diameter of the other; its much more greatly
developed thoracic and elytral margins, the elytral margin in this
species being wide as in the thorax, while in the common species,
it is quite narrow ; in having the anterior margin of the thorax
rather deeply emarginate in contrast to the straight margin of
the other; in being much less densely and coarsely punctured,
especially as regards the elytra, the punctuation in G. pilosula
Cr. being very coarse and dense ; in having a very fine, sparse,
and hardly perceptible pubescence as against a rather dense and
conspicuous one; and in having differences in antennal structure
such as broader and shorter intermediate joints in contrast to
the narrower and more elongate ones in the other species.
Galeruclerus trilobatus Van Dyke. Certain intermediate phases of the
above, which have recently been seen, have convinced me that this is no
more than a variety of G. fasciata Lee, so it must accordingly be reduced
to its proper status.
The new species of Cossonus described in the following pages
will make necessary certain changes in my table for the separa-
tion of the species. These will be as follows : Just in front of
subareatus Boh. and including it, change the table to read :
Basal portion of rostrum longer than dilated portion.
Neck of rostrum decidedly longer than apex, dilated portion as long
as broad subareatus Boh.
Neck of rostrum barely longer than apex, dilated portion transverse.
pacificus n. sp.
After texanus n. sp. add
Head with prominent eyes, projecting beyond border, rostrum convex and
depressed apically, a fovea on both vertex and vostrnva. .schwarzi n. sp.
and after concinnus Boh. add the following sentences, the first of
which should be of equal standing with that following concinnus:
Rostrum with apical portion just perceptibly wider than basal. Thorax
narrower than elytra.
Rostrum elongate, thorax and elytra very coarsely and densely cri-
brately punctate hubbardi Schwarz.
Rostrum short, thorax with deep triangular depression in median por-
tion, the discal boundaries almost smooth fossicollis n. sp.
Oct.,i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 75
Cossonus pacificus n. sp. Black, shining. Head quite smooth except for
a few fine and sparsely placed punctures, rostrum moderately coarsely and
closely punctured at sides and rather finely and sparsely above. Eyes
moderate and but very slightly protruding beyond sides of head, diameter
of head across eyes slightly greater than dilated portion of rostrum.
Sides of head gradually convergent forwards, slightly constricted in front
of eyes to rostrum, a small fovea at middle of vertex. Rostrum as long
as one half of the thorax and but slightly arcuate, basal portion barely
longer than apical, narrowest a short distance in front of eyes, then grad-
ually increasing in width to apical portion which is one third broader than
narrowest portion, quadrangularly dilated and slightly broader than long.
Joints of funicle of antennae very slightly increasing in width outwards,
the outermost joint about one half the width of the club.
Prothorax slightly longer than broad, base bisinuate, sides from slightly
constricted base, gradually arcuate to anterior third, then more suddenly
rounded to slightly constricted apex, surface flattened, unequally punc-
tured, the punctures along sides of median smooth line, coarse and sparsely
placed, very fine and sparse on outer part of disc and moderately coarse
and more closely placed at sides. At the base the longitudinal line be-
comes somewhat cristate.
Elytra distinctly wider than thorax, with disc somewhat flattened,
striate, strise rather coarsely, evenly, and serrately punctured, intervals
convex, particularly posteriorly, very minutely uniseriately punctured.
Body beneath moderately coarsely and closely punctured anteriorly and
more finely and sparsely punctured posteriorly.
Length 7 mm., width 1.75 mm.
Type: In my own collection; paratypes in U. S. Nat. Mus. and Cal.
Acad, of Sciences, all from Tallac, Lake Tahoe, Cal., June, 1899, and
taken by myself from beneath bark of dead aspen, Populus tremuloides
Michx.
This species is the one which I considered, in my previous
paper, as the western phase of C. suhareatus Boh. and which I
now, after a more thorough and renewed examination, feel must
be considered as distinct. All my previous notes referring to
western localities for C. suhareatus Boh. must therefore be con-
sidered as appHcable to this species. A giant form from Field-
brook, California, collected by H. S. Barber, and now in the
Nat. Mus. Coll., I must at present consider as nothing but a very
large female of this species. This species differs from the true
C. suhareatus Boh. in being generally broader and flatter, the
other being quite cylindrical; in having the elytra much more
coarsely punctured and with more convex intervals ; the under-
76 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
surface also more coarsely punctured; and in having the basal
portion of the rostrum barely longer than the apical and less
parallel and with the apical dilatation somewhat transverse,
whereas the basal portion in the other is decidedly longer than
the apical, almost parallel near the eyes, and the apical portiorj
not broader than long.
C. schwarzi n. sp. Black, shining. Head finely and sparsely punctured
posteriorly, rather coarsely and closely between eyes and on rostrum.
Sides of head posterior to eyes slightly arcuate, eyes prominent and pro-
jecting convexly well beyond sides of head, causing head to become sud-
denly constricted to base of rostrum. Vertex with a moderately deep and
elongate puncture, diameter of head across eyes slightly less than greatest
breadth of rostrum. Rostrum about half the length of the thorax, rather
suddenly depressed at apex, basal portion about equal in length to apical,
about as broad as long and with straight and parallel sides, apical portion
abruptly and quadrilaterally dilated, broader than long and at least one
third broader than basal portion, a small elongate puncture at middle of
dorsal surface and in line with the deeper one of the vertex. Joints of
funicle of antennae gradually increasing in width outwards, the outermost
joint about a third wider than first and one half the width of club.
Prothorax slightly longer than broad, base bisinuate, sides from slightly
constricted base, gradually arcuate and convergent until near apex where
slightly constricted. Surface somewhat flattened above, with moderately
coarse and well separated punctures, coarser and closer at sides, a median
smooth line outlined by a margin of coarser punctures than usual, par-
ticularly at base.
Elytra distinctly wider than thorax, slightly convex but with disc slightly
flattened, deeply striate, coarsely punctured, punctures somewhat deeper
and coarser at base, intervals slightly convex, very minutely uniseriately
punctured.
Body beneath, sparsely and finely punctured in sternal area of thorax,
coarsely at sides, especially of prothorax, rather moderately and more
evenly punctured over abdomen.
Length 5 mm., breadth 1.3 mm.
Type and two paratypes in U. S. Nat. Mus., paratype in my own collec-
tion, all from^ Williams, Arizona, and from the Saltau collection of the
U. S. Nat. Mus.
This species, which I take great pleasure in naming after my
good friend. Dr. E. A. Schwarz, would come in my table, closest
to texanns. It differs from that chiefly in having the eyes more
prominent, the rostrum convex on top and with a median punc-
ture which is in line with a similar one on the vertex, and in
Oct., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 77
having the apical part of the rostrum more depressed. Super-
ficially it suggests a small piniphilus but it lacks the cuneiform
thorax and besides has a different type of head and rostrum.
The presence of fovea on both vertex and rostrum and the
apically depressed rostrum should prevent this species from being
confused with any other in our fauna.
C. hubbardi Schwarz. Psyche, Supplement to, I, May, 1899. Black, but
slightly shining. Head smooth back of eyes, coarsely punctured from
hind margin of eyes forward to middle of basal portion of rostrum, thence
smooth and sparsely finely punctured. Front with a deep oblong* fovea
extending to the anterior part of the vertex. Eyes moderate in size and
barely protruding beyond the straight and oblique sides of head, diameter
of head across e}^es about one third greater than dilated portion of ros-
trum. Rostrum slightly longer than one half of thorax, arcuate, basal
portion just perceptibly shorter than apical portion, cylindrical and with
sides just divergent anteriorly, apical portion feebly dilated and quadri-
lateral. Antennae inserted at outer fifth of beak, scape extending slightly
beyond the hind margins of the eyes, first funicular joint about twice as
long as wide; second point slightly longer than wide, obconical, joints 3-7
transverse, gradually but not strongly increasing in width, club large, over
twice as broad as outermost joint of funicle, oblong-oval, opaque, pubes-
cent, basal portion very little smoother than the apical portion.
Prothorax very little longer than broad, with sides straight and slightly
diverging from base to three fourths of length, then evenly rounded to
near apex where but slightly constricted, base bisinuate. Surface some-
what flattened, extremely coarsely, densely cribrato-punctate, the inter-
stices broader and more shining on the disc than on the sides, a distinct
depression anterior to the scutellum where a shining cribriform elevation
may be seen, and on front of this a large equally shining rudiment of a
smooth median line.
Elytra at base considerably wider than thorax, striate, the striae ex-
tremely coarsely punctate, intervals narrow, subcostiform, sutural inter-
stices with row of fine punctures and depressed behind the scutellum.
Body beneath very coarsely and densely punctate, the mesosternum and
abdomen less densely than the prosternum. Front tibia not sinuate at
inner edge.
Length 3.7-4.8 mm., breadth 1.5 mm.
This very distinct species which is related to none of our other
species, was unfortunately overlooked when I reviewed the genus.
I have therefore introduced it here in order to have all of our
species listed together. The description given is based upon the
78 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
original but modified to conform with my others. A specimen
very kindly loaned by Dr. Schwarz has enabled me to study it
in detail.
As stated in the original account, this species was collected
by the late H. G. Hubbard, at Tucson, Arizona, and taken from
the dead tissues of a wounded giant cactus, Cereus giganteus.
A specimen from Lower California, in the collection of Mr. H. C.
Fall, has been referred by him to this species. ' -
Cossonus fossicollis n. sp. Black, shining. Head practically impunctate
posteriorly, very finely and sparsely punctate on dorsal surface of rostrum,
more coarsely and closely, at sides. Head, including eyes, cuneiform, and
gradually convergent to rostrum, the eyes rather flat and just projecting
beyond sides of head, an elliptical shaped fovea on vertex between eyes,
the diameter of head across eyes a little less than one third greater than
dilated portion of rostrum. Rostrum distinctly less than one half length
of thorax, arcuate, basal portion about equal to apical, moderately broad
and with parallel sides, apical portion just perceptibly wider than basal
portion. Joints of funicle of antennae transverse and but very gradually
increasing in width outwards, the outermost joint distinctly less than one
half width of club.
Prothorax distinctly longer than wide, base bisinuate, sides at middle
two thirds almost parallel, gradually obliquely convergent posteriorly,
gradually rounded anteriorly to constricted anterior portion, surface flat-
tened above, with deep longitudinal triangular depression extending from
its apex near the anterior margin to the base where it occupies over one
third of total breadth ; through the middle of this depression there runs
a linear slightly elevated line that is bounded anteriorly by a single row
of deep punctures and posteriorly by a confused series of similar punc-
tures, the disc outside of the depression but very minutely and sparsely
punctured and quite shining, the sides of thorax moderately coarsely and
closely punctured.
Elytra distinctly wider than thorax, slightly convex above, deeply striate,
coarsely punctured but with punctures well separated even anteriorly,
where they are coarser and deeper, intervals slightly convex and with
punctures practically imperceptible.
Body beneath coarsely and closely punctured on prothorax and sides of
mesothorax and anterior segments of abdomen, and rather finely and
sparsely on mesosternum and median and posterior part of abdomen.
Length 3.5 mm., breadth i mm.
Type: A unique from the Santa Rita Mountains of Arizona, collected
May 25, from the Hubbard and Schwarz collection, and now in the U. S.
Nat. Mus. by whom it was submitted for study and description.
Oct.,i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 79
This very distinct species, because of the pecuHarities of its
thorax, should be confused with no other species in our fauna.
In my table, it should follow C. hubbardi Schwarz, the two in
their turn to follow C. concinnus Boh. It is, however, not closely
related to either.
C. bohemanni Horn. This should be placed as a synonym of C. platalea
Say. As stated by Dr. E. A. Schwarz, Bohemann used the term " pone "
for " near " and not " behind " as interpreted by Dr. Horn.
C. quadricollis Van Dyke. Two specimens from the Nat. Mus., col-
lected at Republic, Oregon, by Mr. A. W. Barber, have been seen. This
shows the northward distribution of the species, as was to be expected.
C. ellipticollis Van Dyke. Six specimens from Arizona, mostly Winslow,
belonging to the Nat. Mus., have been seen.
C. concinnus Boh. This should be reduced to a variety of C. impressi-
frons Boh. A review of the literature has convinced me that there is no
valid reason for retaining it apart.
C. crenatus Horn. Specimens of this species have been taken in abund-
ance in various parts of California, from the so-called digger pine, Pinus
sabiniana Dougl.
NOTES ON STRATEGUS MORMON.
By Warren Knaus, McPherson, Kan.
The writer first took this rare Scarabseid June, 1913, on ground
he had collected over at least once a season for almost a quarter
of a century. The two specimens were male and female from bur-
rows under horse droppings. The burrows are easily distin-
guishable, being about i }i inches in diameter, larger by a fourth
than the similar holes of Phanmis difformis in the same situa-
tion. Usually a pile of freshly turned sand at horse droppings in-
dicates a burrow, the larger Strategus mormon, the smaller the
Phanceus; but occasionally there is no sand heap or covering
around the larger. The hole either goes straight down or inclines
not over fifteen degrees and varies from four to twelve inches in
depth. My first two Strategus was taken on a perfectly bare
sand dune, probably fifty yards apart.
In 191 5 I secured eight specimens on the dunes under horse
droppings a mile away from the locality of my first specimens.
They were five males and three females, coming from late in
80 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
May to early July. At one pile of droppings the fresh sand had
been thrown up and a lateral burrow extended west from the
pile for about fifteen inches. By running my finger under the
ridge I encountered a male, which apparently had come upward
from association with the female and, reaching the horse droppings,
was tunneling out. The female was in the burrow about ten
inches below the surface. About ten feet away another male was
taken from his burrow. Still another was found about two
hundred yards away from the first, at the bottom of an eight
inch hole, the entrance of which was at least six inches away from
the droppings.
June i6, 1916, a visit to the same locality (near Medora, Kan-
sas) resulted in the capture of another pair on ^he same dune
where I took my first specimens. One was located under horse
droppings evidently three or four weeks old, almost covered by
drifting sand. This was a male. Between four and six inches
under the surface there was a mass of dung ij4 to ij^ inches in
diameter and several inches long. In it were found seven eggs,
two to three mm. in diameter, almost pearly white. Twenty
feet away another pile, partly sand covered, revealed another
burrow. In this at the bottom, about ten inches down, was a
female. Six inches under the surface there was a similar mass
of dung. It is evident that the species prefers droppings from
one to three weeks old, while fresher ones are chosen by Phancsus
difformis. Thus the masses for egg deposit are much drier and
less compact for the former than the latter. Phancsiis will also
use cow droppings, under which I have never found Strategus.
All the specimens I have taken were alive and perfect.
By the fortunate finding of two additional specimens of Strate-
gus mormon in the sand hill region near Medora, Kansas, July 2,
the total catch of this insect for 1916 was increased to four speci-
mens — two pairs.
The first specimen was found about three miles east of the lo-
cality where the other specimens of this species have been col-
lected. The specimen was a female, and was found dead under
cattle chips. The insect had only recently died, as it was relaxed
and in good condition. Under the droppings was the mass of
faeces in which the female deposits her eggs. The fragments of
Oct.,i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 81
another Strategus was also found a half mile west. The other
specimen taken was found in the locality where all the speci-
mens heretofore have been taken. It was a male and was dead
under a pile of horse droppings. It too had only recently died,
as it was relaxed and in fine condition.
The findings of these two specimens dead indicated that the
season was over and this was further shown by the fact that no
other specimen was found nor any of their characteristic holes in
the sand observed.
It is interesting to note the sequence of insect life as repre-
sented by the Coleoptera in this sand hill region. I collected on
four dates of the ordinary spring collecting season, the result
showing partially as follows: May 7, 19 Cicindela scutellaris, 15
C formosa, 9 C. tranquebarica, 12 C. repanda, i C. hirticollis, i
Geopinus fluvialis, Casey, i Chlaenius pennsylvanicus, 1 Seleno-
phorus sp., 5 Sphaeridium scaraheoides, i Saprinus sp., i Canthon
praticola, 1 Phaneus difformis, 3 Onthophagus guatemaliensis, 3
Geotnipes opaciis, 8 Ligyrus relictus, i Cremastochilus nitens.
On June 16 these were taken : 25 C. formosa, 6 C. scutellaris, 1
C. lengii, 3 C. repanda, 11 Phaeneus difformis, 3 Tetraopes
canescens, i Sphenophorus destructor.
On June 25 these Cicindelidse were taken : 6 C. formosa, i C.
tranquebarica, 6 C. cuprascens, 4 macra, 31 C hirticollis, includ-
ing several of the variety ponderosa, and 73 C. lepida. Of the 73
C. lepida, 3 had green thorax and head. All the rest were
bronzed.
On July 2 the following were taken : 28 Cicindela lepida, in-
cluding one with a green head and thorax ; 1 1 Phaneus difformis
of which most of the males had fully developed horns. This was
also characteristic of the males of this species taken June 16.
Cicindela lepida occurred on perfectly bare white sand, back a
considerable distance from the pools of water. Cicindela hirti-
collis, cuprascens and macra occurred along the water's edge and
back fifteen or twenty feet. The lepida were good runners, but
were not strong fliers and a collector could stand at one place and
take a half dozen or more by successive sweeps of the net. They
preferred the sheltered sides of sand dunes and appeared usually
about nine o'clock in the morning, becoming more active as the
sand became heated.
82 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
A NEW PENTATOMID.
By Chris. E. Olsen, Maspeth, L. I., N. Y.
Podisus fretus n. sp.
Large and broad, ranging from 12.5 mm. to 14.1 mm. in length, 6.75
mm. to 7 mm. in width (across humeri) ; profusely marked with red and
reddish-brown spots and blotches (with a variable amount of purplish
tinge in them), especially on venter and hemelytra; humerus rounded and
without spine ; median ventral spine long.
Head : lateral margins of cheeks nearly parallel, slightly widening before
the eyes and rounding apically; apical margin rarely convex; cheeks as
long as tylus, sometimes a trifle longer; widest part of head (not including
eyes) 1.65 mm.; width across the eyes 2.8 mm.; lateral anterior margins
dark, at times becoming quite black. Antennaj — color general dark red-
dish-brown throughout, covered with pale hairs, on first joint hairs are
shorter and more scattered than on the following joints. Rostrum fer-
ruginous except apical joint, which is very dark red-brown. Pronotum,
anterior-lateral margin forming a straight line from behind the eyes to
the humeral angles, but for a slight bend two fifths of the way from the
humerals ; a slight indication of a pale anterior-lateral margin, but here
and there the dark color will touch the edge ; dentations large, coarse and
irregular; humeral angles obtusely rounded and without spine. Scutellum
brown, punctures dark brown, mingled with dark red, diminishing in
size towards apex; in some specimens the punctures are very sparse
apically, giving the appearance of a pale apex, in other specimens the apex
is well covered with punctures ; hemelytra red-brown, punctures dark
brown, the embolium and posterior section of corium well marked with
red blotches in most of the specimens. Membrane yellowish brown, trans-
lucent, with a smoky elongate spot in the apical angle. Venter yellowish
brown, with numerous dark brown and dark red irregular spots and
blotches ; on the sternum there is a tendency to form some sharp lines
along the larger blotches, especially along the anterior-lateral edge; here
this edge is pale almost to the humeral angles ; ventral row of median
spots are large, dull and dark red-brown, the edge of which is not sharply
defined, but rather fading out; two similar rows of spots occur on the
venter, one on either side about midway between median one and con-
nexivum at upper abdominal segments and gradually diminishing and
drawing closer to the median row ; the spot in the median row on segment
just before genitalia is obviously larger than preceding spots; there is
still another row of dark brown blotches along the spiracular line; these
are quite different from the former rows and consist for the most part
in dark-colored punctures grouped in irregular blotches ; venter well
marked with dark brown dots ; in some specimens they are quite red ;
Oct., 1Q16 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 83
median ventral spine long and pale; connexivum with large black macula-
tions at joints; femora unicolorous yellow-brown to dark brown in some,
with punctures red-brown to nearly black; tibiae unicolorous, reddish
brown; tarsi reddish, mostly lighter than tibiae and more reddish, but in
some cases darker.
Described from ten specimens collected as follows: Type (male). Rock-
away Beach, IV 17, 1912, by Alan S. Nicolay (Olsen Coll.) ; allotype (fe-
male), Rockaway Beach, V 17, 1910, by C. E. Olsen (Olsen Coll).; para-
types (males), Amherst, Mass., V 16, 1910, and Amagansett, L. I., by G.
P. Engelhardt (Bueno Coll.) ; Wyandanch, L. I., VIII 30, 1914, by F. M.
Schott (Olsen Coll.) ; paratypes (females). Promised Land, L. I., IX 24,
1910, and Wilmington, N. C, IV 16, 1916, by W. T. Davis (Barber, Coll.) ;
Yaphank, L. I., IX 25, 191,1, by J. R. de la Torre-Bueno (Bueno Coll.) ;
Wyandanch, L. I., VIII 30, 1914, by F. M. Schott (Schott Coll.); New
Brunswick, N. J., V 18 (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll.). Mr. Bueno's speci-
mens from Amherst, Mass., and Yaphank, L. I., were both beaten from
pine, whereas Mr. Schott's specimens were taken beating oak ; the writer
has taken two specimens in washup on Rockaway Beach, one of which is
in Mr. H. G. Barber's collection (not mentioned as type).
This species is readily distinguished from P. maculiventris by
the broader and proportionally shorter anterior part of head
(from in front of eyes) ; by its straighter anterior-lateral margins
of pronotum on which the pale band along edge is not so decided,
in some specimens almost obsolete ; by the rounded humeri and
lack of humeral spine; by median ventral spots being large, dull
red-brown and not sharply defined when present, but never shin-
ing black ; by the venter being profusely marked with red and red-
brown spots and blotches ; by the larger size, more robust appear-
ance and general color being darker and more reddish dorsally
and much darker and redder ventrally. From P. serieventris it
is distinguished by its much larger size, long median ventral spine,
absence of darker subapical annulus on the femora, more reddish
color especially ventrally, by the median row of ventral spots be-
ing large dull red-brown and not sharply defined.
The author wishes to acknowledge with thanks the valuable as-
sistance rendered by Messrs. H. G. Barber, J. R. de la Torre
Bueno and other collectors in turning over their material for
study.
84 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
A KANSAS VARIETY OF EUPHORIA HERBACEA.
By Warren Knaus, McPherson, Kan.
Through the courtesy of Prof. S. J. Hunter, entomologist of
the State University, Lawrence, Kan., I have examined a male
and female Euphoria (Erirhipis) taken for the first time in this
State. The female is labeled " Crawford Co." and the male
" Cherokee Co." Both were taken by the summer collecting
party sent out by the University July and August, 191 5.
A comparison of the pair with eastern specimens of E. her-
bacea Oliv. from Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Staten
Island, N. Y., shows the Kansas specimens much larger, more
robust, less marked on elytra with tomentose spots, and elytral
costae much less prominent. The Crawford Co. female meas-
ures : long. 16 mm., lat. 10; the male 15 by 9. The color of each
is dark olive, with a reddish cast on elytra.
If these specimens are worthy of a varietal name, I suggest
Erirhipis (Euphoria) herbacea var. occidentalis var. nov. The
pair are in the State University collection at Lawrence, Kan.
THE MOTH AND THE FLAME.
From the Persian of Azz' Eddin Emocalessi, about iioo A.D.
Each tortured moth that flutters 'round the candle flame
Is constant, tho' with singed wings and bitter pain.
" Love cannot die," it whispers, " can I love thee less,
Tho' loving thee brings naught to me than certain death ? "
R. P. D.
THE BEE AND THE BLOSSOM.
From the Persian of Azz' Eddin Emocalessi, about iioo A.D.
The honey dew from every flower
To Mistress Bee is marriage dower ;
But, unlike woman, her sweet kiss
Ne'er injures him who gives her bliss.
R. P. D.
Oct., igi6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 85
THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE CANKER WORMS
ALSOPHILA POMETARIA AND PALEACRITA
VERNATA IN BROOKLYN.
By Geo. P. Engelhardt, Brooklyn, N, Y.
Brooklynites with recollection reaching back to the sixties may
recall the annual defoliation of their shade trees together with the
annoyance to pedestrians in brushing against innumerable small
"worms" suspended by delicate silken threads from branches
and twigs. This injury and annoyance were caused by the
so-called "canker worms." Readers of the Bulletin, Vol.
IX, No. 3, June, 1914, on the "Early History of Brooklyn
Entomology," by E. L. Graef, will recall especially the meas-
ures taken against these pests, including the introduction into
this country of the Enghsh sparrow. Since then so much has
been charged against this hyphenated alien that to his credit
it should be said that, in the performance of his allotted task at
least, he has done nobly. In Brooklyn today it is not a problem
how to combat the canker worm, but rather how shall the collector
find specimens sufficient for his cabinet. This at least has been
my own experience for ten years or more. I have yet to see a
really good series of these moths in any of the local collections.
The males of Alsophila pometaria the so-called " Fall Canker-
Worm " can usually be readily distinguished by wing maculation
alone, but a better character (especially for the apterous females)
is the rows of strong spines on the abdominal segments of P.
vernata, while the body of A. pometaria is densely covered with
shingle like scales.
A. ^pometaria, known as the fall canker worm, as implied,
should occur in the fall ; yet in my own collection 2 males and 10
females all represent spring captures (with few exceptions from
Prospect Park). My representation of the Spring canker worm,
P. vernata, on the other hand, shows a preponderance of males,
about 20 against 3 females, all from Prospect Park. The males
of this species are by far the commonest of the early spring moths
of the region, but until this year I failed to secure any females.
86 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
• '
The finding in the spring of 191 5 of a male P. vernata in cop.
with a female A. pometaria proved puzzling at the time, sug-
gesting the possibility of a third species. Eggs deposited about a
week later were of the flower-pot shape typical of A. pometaria
and experiments were not carried further.
While the paucity of the males of A. pometaria remains to be
accounted for, the apparent scarcity of females of P. vernata
can be explained by their habit of remaining at the base of trees,
concealed by grass or fallen leaves until heavy rains or (as
happened April 9, 1916) a heavy snowfall forces them to climb to
greater heights. On that day 2 female vernata and 3 pometaria
were collected in a short time.
That the Fall canker worm still appears in destructive numbers
on Long Island, though at a considerable distance from the city,
has been reported, especially as defoliating deciduous trees at
Wading River. (Cf. Bulletin papers by W. T. Davis, Vol. IX,
p. 23, and Vol. X, p. 82.) Evidently our native insectivorous
birds cannot be relied upon to check the insect pest. Therefore,
let us give the devil (English sparrow) his due.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN
CHLOROPID^ (DIPTERA).
By J. R. Malloch, Urbana, 111.
I obtained the species described herewith while collecting ma-
terial for a paper on the immature stages of Diptera, now nearly
ready for the press, and because it has no direct bearing upon
that study, and in order to keep my other paper within reasonable
compass, I have decided to publish the present description. While
the manuscript containing this description was still awaiting dis-
posal, Professor J. M. Aldrich brought to me for examination an
example of the species, which has been recorded by me as a para-
type in this paper. The type specimen is in the collection of the
Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.
Oscinoides gen. nov.
Generic Characters. — Wings elongate, costa to apex of fourth vein;
Oct.,i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 87
third and fourth veins ending at equal distances before and behind apex
respectively; arista with short dense hairs; proboscis fleshy; scutellum not
longer than its basal breadth, not flattened.
Type of genus, Oscinoides arpidia n. sp.
Oscinoides arpidia n. sp. Female.- — Black and yellow, distinctly shining.
Head yellow, blackened on upper portion of frons and almost the entire
occiput; antennse yellow, third joint slightly brownish; arista brown; pro-
boscis and palpi yellow. Mesonotum yellow, with three black stripes which
are fused anteriorly and cover the entire disc except on the margins and
a central portion posteriorly, the latter having the appearance of an ante-
riorly bidentate spot ; a black spot above wing-base ; humeri and anterior
portion of pleurae yellow ; scutellum yellow ; postnotum black. Base and
venter of abdomen yellow, the remainder black. Legs yellow; apical joint
of midtarsi, entire hind tibice, and apical three joints of hind tarsi except
base of third black. Halteres yellow, knobs white. Wings hyaline, veins
brown.
Frons broad, flat, triangle occupying nearly its whole area, the surface
with short hairs ; vertex with the bristles strong ; orbital hairs weak ; an-
tennae rather large, third joint rounded apically; arista about as long as
anterior width of frons, distinctly hairy; height of cheeks less than width
of frons, distinctly hairy; height of cheeks less than width of third an-
tennal joint. Thorax with moderately dense short hairs, one pair of pre-
scutellar bristles on disc, and the same laterals as in Gaurax. Abdomen
tapering at apex. Legs stout, the hind tibise more so than in species of
Gaurax, the sensory area distinct. Wings long and narrow; second costal
division (from end of first vein to end of second) nearly three times as
long as third; last section of fifth vein sHghtly longer than penultimate
section of fourth.
Length, 3 mm.
Type locality. Urbana, III, June i, 1916. One specimen taken by the
writer among low vegetation in the Forestry of the University of Illinois.
Paratype, Aberdeen, S. Dak., July 12 (coll. J. M. Aldrich).
The species is dedicated to Mr. R. P. Dow in recognition of his
services to entomology in connection with the Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society.
A NEW MISCOGASTERID CHALCID FLY FROM MARYLAND.
By a. a. Girault, Glenndale, Md.
From the woods, June 4, 1916.
Miscogaster marilandica n. sp. Female. — Length 1.50 mm.
iEneous black, the wings hyaline, the legs and antenna white, also the
88 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
venation. Head and thorax finely, densely punctate, the thorax with
sparse, small setigerous punctures ; cross-suture of scutellum convexed a
little at meson, the convexity distad. Propodeum with the spiracle small,
round, central, the median carina paired, delicate; short striae from the
cephalic margin of the propodeum, the latter scaly, plane otherwise.
Abdomen from above globular, depressed, much keeled beneath, its second
segment occupying over a third of the surface, slightly incised at meson
of caudal margin, the petiole distinct, wider than long. Postmarginal vein
much longer than the stigmal, the knob of the latter moderate in size.
Clypeus concave, its lateral end notched. Cheeks very short, not half the
length of the eyes by far, the 13-jointed antennae inserted distinctly below
the middle of the face but above the ventral ends of the eyes ; funicle i
shorter than the pedicel, a little longer than wide, 6 wider than long;
two ring-joints. Mandibles 4-dentate. Club, without a terminal nipple.
Resembles Trydymus aureipes but is much less brassy, has a short
petiole, the propodeum is plane, its spiracle round and central and the
abdomen is shorter, not wholly depressed and so on.
From one female, Glenndale, Prince George Co., Md.
Type: Catalogue No. 20,312, U. S. N. M., the female on a tag, the head
and caudal legs on a slide.
There are five females in the U. S. National Museum from
Jacksonville, Fla.
PIRENE MARYLANDENSIS N. SP. (Chalcidoid Hymenoptera).
By a. a. Girault, Glenndale, Md.
From the woods, June 12, 1916.
Female. — The same as marylandicus Girault but the extruded part of
the ovipositor is somewhat shorter and the antennae, are entirely different
both in color and shape, besides bearing two very short, thin ring-joints :
The scape is all black ; f unicles 1-2 are suffused with yellowish ; the funicle
joints are all subquadrate, 5 largest, twice the size of i.; the club lacks the
small terminal nipple; and the tips of the tibiae are but obscurely pale.
Otherwise the same. Types compared. Clypeus as in Trydymus.
From one female, Glenndale, Prince George Co., Md.
Type: Catalogue No. 20,316, U. S. N. M., the female on a tag, the head
on a slide.
The species marylandicus bears one very thin ring- joint. The
scutellum in both bears a pitted but delicate cross-suture near
apex.
Oct., 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 89
A CHECKLIST OF THE HEMIPTERA.
The long expected Check-list of the Hemiptera, upon which E. P. Van
Duzee has been working for many years, was published during the past
summer by the New York Entomological Society. It covers 2,971 re-
corded species, but omits the Aphidse, Aleurodidse, and Coccidse, and it
replaces two existing checklists. While pretending only to be a checklist,
it gives a fairly complete synonymy, full localities of species, and is ar-
ranged in proper order of species as they should be placed.
It is not the province of this Bulletin to print an extended review of
this work (such has appeared already in many entomological periodicals).
It is a necessity to all those interested in the Hemiptera, and in the in-
terest of advancement of science the editor of the Bulletin will forward
it to all wishing it, at the published price, $1.50, postpaid.
THE RHYNCHOPHORA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.
It is remarkable that, considering the great output of books on Ento-
mology during the last forty years and that a pluraHty of our Entomolo-
gists favor the beetles as objects of study, no good 'general or at all
comprehensive work on the subject has ever been issued in this country.
Even a check-list has been out of print for years. The best is the Beetles
of Indiana by W. S. Blatchley, formerly Indiana State Entomologist,
an excellent work which covers the state well and is fairly workable for
the country north of Florida and east of the Rockies. This book is
still in print, costing $6 plus postage. It omits the weevils.
In 1910 Mr. Blatchley began work on a new volume to cover Rhyn-
cophora. A little later Mr. Chas. W. Leng, then President of the New
York Entomological Society, began work on the American Museum col-
lection, with a bi-weekly class of enthusiasts, with the idea of an eventual
Monograph on the local Rhyncophora. The two authors combined their
efforts, the result being the Rhyncophora of North Eastern America, pp.
682, published last month by the Nature Publishing Co., 1558 Park Ave.,
Indianapolis, Ind. It includes 1,084 species, of which 83 are new. The
illustrations are 155, which is many more than have been previously
gathered together. There is a key to every genus for identification of the
species. Price $4 plus postage.
There is little doubt that the book will remain the authority on the
subject for many years. It is a necessity to the Entomologist. Ed.
90 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY.
Meeting of February ii, 1916. — Fifteen members and three visitors
present. The resignation of Mr. G. Beyer was accepted with the sincere
regrets of the Society; Mr. Frank E. Watson also resigned. Long Island
records : Bellura gortynides, three specimens from Long Island, ex Joutel
collection, were shown by Mr. G. P. Engelhardt. This species is said to
breed in cat tails; he had not been able to find it there, but he did find
Sphida ohliqua, which breed in pond-lily root-stocks, the former breeding
in pickerel weed. It had not been found in Long Island because not
sought for in the proper places. In the Middle States and Ohio the
larvae are reported to be used for fish bait. The presence of the insect in
the root-stocks can be detected by the oozy matter from the burrows.
It is rare around New York. Mr. Funaro reported Trechus borealis
from North Beach.
Scientific Programme : Mr. Davis showed specimens of Long Island In-
sects from his last summer's captures, his remarks being reported else-
where in the Bulletin. Mr. R. P. Dow, for Mr. Alonzo Davis, of Pasa-
dena, California, read a paper on the Genus Pleocoma, which was pub-
lished in the Bulletin. Mr. Olsen showed a collection of Miridae and
made remarks on occurrence, to be published later.
Meeting of March 16: Present thirteen members and four visitors. Mr.
B. Preston Clark was elected to membership.
Scientific Programme: Mr. Ernest Shoemaker, under the head of Insects
Collected Last Summer, showed the more interesting of his captures in
Washington, D. C, and in the Catskill Mountains, N. Y. The Coleoptera
included such interesting species as Scaphinotus shoemakeri, Cychrus
■stenostomus, Pasimachus depressus, Myas coracinus, Helluomorpha nigri-
pennis, Pterostichus purpuratus, Coptodera aerata, Chalcolepidius viridi-
pennis, Clerus ichneumoneus, Leptura americana, probably the first taken
in Washington; Odontota hornii, Odontonyx trivittis, Piesocorynus dispar,
Merinus laevis, Strongylium terminatum, Cychrus pyrsolepis, a very rare
form, determined by Mr. C. Schaeffer; and Athous scapularis; in Lepi-
doptera Catocala carissima was taken September 24, and Arctia virgo and
Cerura multiscripta. These were all taken in Washington. The principal
Catskill species were Smerinthus astarte, Cerafomia undulosa, Marumba
modesta and Limenitis arthemis.
Mr. Bueno, speaking on The Flat Bugs (Aradidae) of Long Island,
showed ^4 out of the 30 species that should be found, but only 5 were
actual captures in the district, the rare Aradus shermani, the common and
widespread pine species we call A. cinnamomeus of Panzer, the uncommon
A. uniformis, picked up on the tide line in the wash-up on Fire Island
Beach; A. falleni and Neuroctenus simplex, very common under the bark
of dead oak saplings.
Oct., igi6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 91
Mr. A. C. Weeks spoke on " Limitations of Mosquito and Fly Examina-
tion," and reviewed the work since its inception and the pubHcation of the
Lamhorn Essays with copious citations from current accounts.
Meeting of April 13 : Present thirteen members and two visitors.
Scientific Programme: Mr. Engelhardt read a paper on The Spring and
Fall Canker Worms, published in this volume of the Bulletin. Mr. F.
Conrad Pasch exhibited a collection of local and Arizona beetles, among
the 200 species being many by no means common forms. Mr. Dow, under
the title Bits of Entomological History, spoke of the simplicity and con-
venience of our scientific names, so often a stumbling block to the be-
ginner. He maintained that they were more easy to understand than any
English equivalent might be and cited examples to demonstrate this.
Meeting of May 11: Present fourteen members.
The death of Mrs. Geo. Franck was announced and on motion the
Corresponding Secretary was instructed to express to our old friend Mr.
Franck the sincere sympathy of the Society on the loss he had sustained
and its appreciation of his many kindnesses to its members.
Long Island records : Mr. Engelhardt reported the capture on April 21st,
of Cicindela scutellaris, modesta and rugifrons, at Cold Spring Harbor.
On May 9, Menedes insertus was taken on the trunk of a maple. Mr.
Olsen remarked that the previous records of this insect were from speci-
mens found in the tide-line wash-up. Mr. Dow reported Euphoria areata
from Lahaway, N. J., and stated that Mr. Joutel had reported it from
Aqueduct, Long Island ; he also found Tricrania sanguinipennis at Laha-
way in company with Tettix. Mr. Schaefifer reported a capture by Mr.
F. M. Schott, of Derinestes pulcher at South Amboy, N. J.
Scientific Programme: Mr. W. T. Davis and Mr. W. T. Bather spoke
on Collecting in the Sunny South, where Mr. Davis found Banasa packardi
on cedars. Mr. Bather related various experiences and reported Ettmaeus
atala abundant on Spanish bayonet. Messrs Englehardt, Schott and Davis
dismiss the general subject of collecting in the South.
Meeting of June 15 : Present eighteen members and one visitor. Mr.
Dow, reporting on a trip to Lahaway, referred to the frost belt 15 miles
long and 4 miles wide, which makes the locality unique and gives it a
peculiar fauna and flora.
Long Island records : Mr. Wasmuth reported Sphinx chersis at East
New York in August, 1915, a species not previously taken on the Island.
Mr. Weeks reported the capture of Pasimachus depressus a week before.
Scientific Programme: Mr. C. E. Olsen, under the title Membracid
Notes, showed a collection of the family and made remarks on their
occurrence in New York. Micrutalis xalva, an uncommon species, was
among this material, from Flushing, L. I.
Mr. Bueno spoke on The Non-Gerrine Water Striders of New York
and showed the five species of these found about New York, which are
Naeogeus hurmeisteri, heretofore known as pusillus, which is a European
92 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
form not known here; a new species of the same genus from Yaphank,
L. I.; Merragata hehroides; Mesovelia bisignata of Uhler, or, mulsanti,
B. White is another common species, like Hydrometra martini. Macro-
velia horni from California was shown, and Hydrometra australis, from
Georgia. The only thing that binds this heterogenous assemblage together
is the fact that they live on or near water, in damp places. Otherwise,
they differ greatly in form and other characters.
Mr. Franck reported Cicindela strigosa from St. Petersburg, Fla.
J. R. DE LA ToRRE-BuENo, Recording Secretary.
THE BROOKLYN
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first
Tuesday of each month from October to June inclusive, at 185
Brooklyn Avenue. The annual dues are $2.00.
OFFICERS, 1916
President
WILLIAM T. DAVIS
Vice-President
W. T. BATHER
Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
Recording Secretary
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Vol. XI
DECEMBER, 1916
No. 5
BULLETIN
OF THE
Brooklyn Entomological
Society
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CONTENTS.
PRONUNCIATION OF INSECT NAMES, Melander 93
VESPA AUSTRIACA IN NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES,
Bequaert loi
TWO NEW SPECIES OF CEBRIO, Schaeffer 107
KEY TO MALES OF HYDROTAEA, Malloch 108
NEW SPECIES OF PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA, Girault .... in
NOTICE: SARCOPHAGA, Aldrich 113
LIVING PUP^ FOR SALE 114
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Vol. XI December, 1916 No. 5
THE PRONUNCIATION OF INSECT NAMES.*
By a. L. Melander, Pullman, Washington
In any assemblage of biologists one can hear a given species
called by a range of names, all spelled alike, that is eclipsed only
by the changes in the names themselves necessitated by adherence
to the law of priority. The tiger beetle, for example, is spoken
of as Cuindela,'\ Cigindela, Cicindela or Cicindela, according as
one is trained in Germany, France, America, or is untrained.
There is a right and a wrong way of doing things, as applicable
to the pronunciation of scientific names as elsewhere. European
trained entomologists are more consistent in their pronunciations
than the average American, undoubtedly due to the greater em-
phasis placed on orthography during their school career than is
encountered here. However, the pronunciation of foreigners,
though correct from their viewpoint, is not the standard in Amer-
ica, and this article is written to call attention to some of the
simpler rules governing the proper articulation of the names of
insects.
According to the universally accepted rules of nomenclature the
names of insects are Latin in construction. Custom has decreed
that generic names be formed from Greek roots changed into
* Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of the State College of
Washington. Read at the summer session of the Entomological Society
of America at Berkeley, California, August 4, 1915.
t In this discussion the accented syllable is marked with a grave accent
(') for a long vowel and with an acute accent (') for a short vowel.
Unaccented short vowels are indicated by a breve (") and unaccented
long vowels by a macron (") ; 3 indicates the sound of k and g the sound
of s ; a as in father.
93
94 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
Latin form and used as nouns to be modified by the species names
used as Latin adjectives. Not infrequently, however, species
names are derived directly from the Greek, as micro ptera, short-
winged, instead of parvipennis, erythrurus, red-tailed, in place of
rufocaudatus, xanthopoda, yellow-legged, in place of flavipes, etc.,
and sometimes, now not considered in good form, the names of
species are merely euphonious combinations of letters. The Eng-
lish entomologist, Francis Walker, was especially prone to use
words of no meaning but of pleasing sound, both for his genera
and species, such as Syndyas, Andxo, Edeta, Amytis, Daria.
Such species terms are generally construed as neo-Latm proper
nouns in apposition with the substantive generic name, by which
construction they are ascribed an adjectival function. Ordinal
and family names are in form Greek plurals. Thus we mention
one Orthopteron, two Orthoptera; one Muscid fly but several
Muscidse. However, as cited in binomial nomenclature, all insect
names, irrespective of origin, are considered as Latin and are gov-
erned by the rules of Latin pronunciation, which are fewer,
simpler and more definite than the rules for English pronunciation.
There are three methods in vogue for the pronunciation of
Latin, the Roman, the English and the Continental methods. The
first of these is at least an approximation to the ancient pronun-
ciation of the language and although taught in many if not most
of our schools is almost never used in biological pronunciation.
By this method, with its broad vowels and hard consonants, we
would say Cieindela, €ieindelidce, Chcetdpsis, Geotrupes, CE can-
thus* The Continental method retains the Roman pronunciation
of the vowels and diphthongs but gives the consonants as they are
used in English, thus : (^igindela, Cigindelidce, ChcBtopsis, Geo-
triipes, CEcdnthus. This method likewise is not in vogue in this
country for biological pronunciation. As scientific names in the
dififerent countries usually follow the pronounciation of the lan-
guage of the region, in America the English method of speaking
Latin has naturally been applied. Accordingly the genera pre-
viously cited sound more familiar when called Cieindela, Chcetop-
sis, Geotrupes and CEcdnthus.
* Pronounced as if spelled with the English letters Ke-kin-da-ld,
Ke-kln-da-le-di, Ki-top-ces, Gd-o-tru-pas, Oi-cdn-thoos.
Dec.,i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 95
It is immaterial which system of pronunciation be adopted by
the American entomologist and the following illustrations may be
sounded to suit his pleasure. The careful student, however, will
endeavor to place the accent on the proper syllable and to assign
to the vowels their proper quantity. The following remarks are
directed mainly toward the accentuation of generic names. Spe-
cific names are mostly pure Latin and can be found. in any Latin
dictionary, but the names of genera, being compounded usually
from several roots, are less familiarly available.
Syllabication. As many syllables are required as there are
vowels and diphthongs, the consonants being distributed as far
as possible so that each syllable ends in a vowel. Should this
result in unpronounceable combinations or interfere with the
proper sounding of the vowels the consonents may require shift-
ing. Ci-cin-de-la, ChcB-top-sis, Ge-o-tru-pes, Po-da-hrus, SphcE-
roph-thdl-ma; but Ol-i-hrus, not 0-li-hrus.
The Roman and Continental methods divide compounded words
into their constituent parts when the first part ends in a consonant,
but this is not followed in English pronunciation. Chcet-opsis,
Sphcer-ophthalma, Pod-urus, Sphec-odes.
The family termination -i-dse is treated as an independent suf-
fix even though such isolation sometimes modifies the sound of
the preceding vowel. Psy-che, Psych-idse; Pi-e-ris, Pi-er-idse ;
Chry-so-me-la, Chry-so-mel-idse ; A-pis, Ap-idae. However, there
is abundant, though not consistent, sanction for such pronuncia-
tions as Psy-chidse, Pie-ridse, Chrysome-lidse, A-pidse.
Accent. . Polysyllabic names are accented on the penult if that
syllable is long in quantity, otherwise on the antepenult. Dissyl-
labic names are always accented on the first syllable. Ar-gyn-nis,
Ba-si-ldr-chi-a, Mor-pho.
Quantity. The quantity of a syllable, and of a vowel also,
measures the time occupied in pronunciation. A syllable, irre-
spective of its vowel, is long in quantity if its vowel is followed
by two consonants, excepting a mute (b, c, d, g, k, p, q, t) plus a
liquid (1, r) or by the double consonants x or z. In this case the
syllable is long by position, but its vowel is properly pronounced
short. Coccinella, CyUster, Brydxis, Platypeza. A syllable is
96 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
long by nature if it contains a long vowel or a diphthong. Anatis,
Formica, Hyloccetus, Panag^us.
A syllable is short in quantity if its vowel, not naturally long,
is followed by another vowel. Alaus, Ddnaus, Ldsius, Leria.
A syllable is common, i. e., it may be considered either long or
short, if its vowel, originally short, is followed by a mute and a
liquid. Such syllables by preference should be shortened, but in
Latin composition especially in poetry they show a tendency
toward lengthening. Though comparatively few in number, it
is this class of words that gives most perplexity to the entomolo-
gist, for until the original quantity of the vowel is known the pro-
nunciation is doubtful. Phdlacrus, Olibrus, Connophron, Rd-
natra, Omophron, Ephydra, Hydrometra, Anahrus, Atropos, Hdli-
plus, Geometra, Nicocles, Triprocris, Cuterehra, all have a short
vowel in the penult and the accent is thrown forward. Cehrio,
Crdhro, Epdchra, Gymnetron and Tenebrio are given a long
vowel before the mute and liquid, while Arthromacra may
lengthen the penult for easier pronunciation.
Vowels. In most cases vowels are given their customary long
or short English sounds without regard to the niceties of intona-
tion required in spoken English. However certain letters and
certain positions exercise a modifying effect, as for instance the
influence of the letter r on the preceding vowel in Arthrdpeas,
Elater, Platygdster, Morpho, Phdra.
Vowels, irrespective of the length of the syllable, usually have
their long English sounds before another vowel or diphthong.
Empodsca, Edis, Epeolus, Herlades, Heplalus. When occurring
in an unaccented or short syllable i and y are given the short
sound even when preceding another vowel. Bihio, Bembidmm,
Chdlia, Drasterius, Meldndrya. Final a and usually unaccented
a are broadened to sound like the final a in Africa. Nomadd,
Aedes.
Diphthongs in quantity are always long, thus when occurring
in the penult carry the accent. Passalcecus, Cori'mel&na, Zar^a.
In quality, se and oe are pronounced like e. ^geria, Mschna,
CEcdnthus, CEdicnema, Polystdechotes.
Vowels usually have their short English sounds before two con-
sonants, excepting sometimes a mute and a liquid, and in ac-
Dec.,i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 97
cented antepenultimate syllables before one or more consonants.
Geocoris, Gomphus, Macrobasis.
The first factor determining the length of the vowel is its quan-
tity in the original derivation. In the case of e and o of Greek
roots this is readily accomplished for the long and short sounds
in Greek are indicated by distinct letters, eta and epsilon, and
omega and omicron. If the Greek root contains eta or omega
the vowel in Latin form must be long. Thus meros with long e
means the femur and meros with short e means a part. The
genera derived from the former must be accented on the long
penult. Calyptomerus, Diapheromera, CEdomera, Monodonto-
merus, Rhopalomera, Acanthomera. The divisions of beetles,
Heteromera, Pentdmera, Trimera, founded on tarsal not femoral
characters, and the genus Olig6m,erus, with few antennal joints,
accent the antepenult, while Ephemera, lasting but a day, is an un-
related word with short e in the penult.
Soma, meaning body, has a long omega in the original ; stoma,
meaning mouth, is spelled with the short omicron. Thus Brachy-
sdma, Calosdma, Scaphisdma, but BrachyMoma, Belostoma, Platy-
stowxi.
The Greek word keras, for antenna, is spelled with the short e.
Thus, in A croc era, B cede era, Criocerus, Heterocerus, Tetanocera,
the accent is thrown to the antepenult. But the wasp Cerceris,
appropriating the old Latin name of a bird, takes the accent on
the long e of the penult.
It is the quantity of the vowel of the penult that gives most
concern because the position of the accent is determined by its
length.
Apantesis, Calephelis, Caloptenus, Cyllene, Periplaneta, Lepto-
trachelus, Euthera, Philerem^us, Phylloxera, Odynerus, Meta-
chela, and Zeusera are derived from the long Greek eta in the
penult, while Boreus, Cartodere and Diaperis descend from the
diphthong ei. Hence all of these have similar accent.
Emesa, Thereva, Eiimenes, Nemotelus, Ormenis, Oxyhelus,
Pdderus, Polymedon, Phryganea, Platy dema, Hypostena and
Sepedon, to mention only a few commonly mispronounced names,
have the short epsilon in this position and hence throw the accent
forward to the antepenult.
98 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
Properly^ words ending in -peza are pronounced with a short e.
Micropsia, Plaiypesa, Tanypeza, Leptopesa. Since in EngHsh
pronunciation z is no longer the double consonant dz, these words
are commonly though improperly given as Micropeza, Platypeza,
Tanypeza. In the same group comes Trioza, but usage has made
the vowel as well as the syllable long in Chyliza, Pipiza, Myzus
and its series of related -myza genera, hke Agromyza, Antho-
myza, Helomyza, Phytomyza, and Sciomyza.
Narnes ending in -opus give some confusion until the deriva-
tion is known, ops means face, but pous, with root pod, means
foot. CEddpa Psildpa, Systrdpus, Cixldpa, Chrysdpa, Desmome-
topa come from the former root, while CEdopus, P silo pus, DoU-
chopus, Bythoscopus, Platypus, Polycentropus and Gyropus are
names referring to leg structures.
The following generic names are formed with the long Greek
omega in the accented syllable. Diabrotica, Diplosis, Melanotus,
Haplda, Prionus, Sitdnes, Cyrtopdgon. Names ending in -odes
have an accented penult. Aleyrddes, Eleodes, Oncodes, Or-
neddes, Melissddes, Phengodes.
The short omicron occurs in the penult of : Agrotis, Chirono-
mus, Dendroctonus, Omophron, Pericoma, Pleocoma, Pyrochroa,
Stenolophus, Synchroa, Merodon, Toxotus, Neocota, Xyleborus,
Xylocopa. Similarly coris (bug) and toma (temno, cut) throw
the accent forward : Geocoris, Leptdcoris, Thyreocoris; Hylo-
toma, Neurotoma, Pentdtoma, Tritoma.
The diphthong oi is not found in classic Latin although it is
good Greek, Hence when it is brought into Latin form in proper
names derived from the Greek the o and i should be separately
pronounced. Hence Culicoides, Sanninoidea, Blattoidea and
Coleopteroidea are preferable to pronouncing the oi as in coin.
A class of genera, the pronunciation of which is disputed, in-
cludes those founded on personal proper names. Should the
pronunciation of the genus name follow Latin rules, thereby often
distorting the proper name so as to bear little resemblance to its
original form, or should the original pronunciation, even of
foreign names, be retained? In as much as such genera are
founded as a mark of honor the latter course seems preferable.
Some examples follow to show the difficulties experienced with
Dec, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 99
these names: Bruesia, Candesea, Dejeania, Guerinia, Latreillia,
Macquartia, Meigenia, Rondania, Schineria, Schonherria, Scud-
deria, Stalia.
As we have seen the quantity of the radical syllables can often
not be determined by rule and must be ascertained by the labori-
ous process of searching Greek and Latin dictionaries. Certain
terminations, however, have a common pronunciation, and when
used as derivative endings, not as part of the root, give a clew as
to accent.
Thus the long penult occurs in :
-etes, -etus, -etis.
CoUetes, Corynetes, Colymbetes, Nomaretus, Trypeta,
Eutreta, Syneta, Lithe colletis. (But Drdpetis.)
-ites, -ita, -itis.
JEgialites, Myodltes, Rhodltes, Rhinchltes, SphcErltes, Ne-
hritus, Coptodita, Galenta, Omoslta, Trogoslta, Dorltis,
Limenltis, Pyrltis.
-odes, -oda.
Aleyrodes, Oncodes, Orneddes, Pissodes, Psychoda, Lyroda.
-otus, -otes, -ota, -otis.
Chrysotus, Odontota, Pyrgota, Xylota, Chyphotes, Luciddta,
■ Plusidtis.
-anus.
Lucanus, Silvanus, Tabanus. (These are of Latin origin.
The Greek Stephanus, Drepana, Idana, have a short penult.
Chrysophanus has a long penult from the Greek phaino.)
The short penult occurs in :
-ulus, -ula.
Pipunculus, Plenoculus, Forficula, Libellula, Nitidula, Tipula.
-olus, -ola.
Epeolus, Mayetlola, Reduvlolus, Tineola. (Minedla is ap-
parently an Indian name.)
-alus, -ela.
Anowiala, Hdrpalus, Lidncalus, TAhalus Cistela Riitela
(Latin, rutilis) . Hepialus is in Greek Hepiolos and belongs
in the preceding section. In Pteromalus and Catocala the
long a belongs to the stem.
100 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
-ales, -alis, -eles.
Anopheles, Cefopales, Corydalis, Eristalis, Eupsalis, Pyralis,
Ortalis, Slalis. But -alis used in species names accents the
penult : farinalis, discalis, purpuralis. Nocheles, Apdn-
teles, Lophoteles, Conotelus have a short e of the root in
the penultimate syllable.
-ides, -iades.
Herlades, Dalcerides, Mystdcides, Nisomades. But Iphi-
clldes, from the Greek Iphikleides, according to a special
rule affecting patronymics ending in -es (Iphiklees).
-ion.
Agrion, Apion, Chldrion, Elaphidion, Ophion, Zodion. But
Diprion (prion, saw). When such words come directly
into English from the Greek the penult is pronounced long,
e. g. Orion.
-arus, -aris.
Afnara, Hilara, Sciara, Chdlarus, Cdntharis, Hemaris. In^
Trichobaris the long a belongs to the stem.
-eva.
Thereva, Choleva, Lest eva, Atteva.
-ica.
Hdltica, Serica, Podagrica, Tomicus.
Names ending in -inus, -ina are perplexing. Among the most
familiar the following have a long penult : Balaninus, Blapstlnus,
Brachlnus, Carposina, Clivina, Gyrlnus, Hcematopinus, Harrislna,
Lycoperdlna, MeUlnus, Peleclnus, Saprinus, Staphyllnus. The
Latin name Licmus and the Greek forms Cerdtina, Scenopinus,
Thinopinus, Xantholinus, Tdchina and Tdchinus have the penult
short. Subfamily and tribal names ending in -inse, -ini, have a
long penult ; thus, Carabinge, Harpalini.
The following list includes a miscellaneous set of names often
mispronounced: Ancylis, Anthicus, Antisplla, Brachystegus,
Callgo, Callidryas, Calligrapha, Ceropales, Cucujus, Chauliogna-
thus, Cheldnus, Chermes, Schizoneura (Greek ch is always like
k), Coecinella, Dlplax, Emesa, Endomychus, Erdtylus, Eudamus,
Eurema, Eikrymus, Feniseca, Graptolitha, Hippodamia, Hypatus,
Icerya, Lagda, Lepidosaphes, Lophyrus, Lymexylon, Macrdphya,
Dec, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 101
Megaspilus, Megathymus, Mycetochares, Myrmlca, Nemdtus^
Nemognatha, Nomada, O post eg a, Oxyptilus, Pachybrachys,
Paledcrita, Pemphigus, Pleris, Ponera, Sitotrdga, Stenoma, Sys-
tena, Tachyporus, Tetracha, Trypoxylon, Typhldcyha, Ypsolophus.
The family termination -idse, meaning like, is added to the root
of the typical genus. The i is short, so the accent precedes this
suffix: Carabidse, Cdrabus-like; Dytiscidas, Dytiscus-like. When
the root differs from the nominative the family name may become
lengthened : Lepismatidas, based on the genus Lepisma; Belosto-
matidse, based on Belostom^a; Calamocerotidse, based on Calamo-
cerus. But Apioceridae, Leptoceridse, Tetanoceridas have had'
such long usage that to use Apioceratidse, etc., would appear
pedantic. Genera like Acridium, Anthomyia, Cecidomyia and
Stratiomyia form the family names Acridiidse, Anthomyiidse,,
Cecidomyiidse and Stratiomyiidse. To unite the ii would produce
a long vowel, resulting in such words as Acrididae, Anthomyidse,.
Cecidomyidse, more awkward than the cumbersome longer form.
Finally, in determining the pronunciation, the most useful
single rule, especially for those familiar with spoken Spanish,,
is to regard the accent as recessive, considering the penultimate
vowel as short unless there is good reason for believing it long.
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF VESPA AUSTRIACA PANZER
IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES.
By J. Bequaert, American Museum of Natural History, N. Y..
There are many facts in the taxonomy and still more in the Hfe-
histories of the common American wasps (Vespa) which need a
thorough revision. The following small contribution is made-
with the hope of interesting other entomologists in the subject.
During the last summer, the writer made a point of capturing all
the specimens of wasps he met with on his collecting trips, but
the result as a whole was very poor, 1916 apparently not being a
wasp-year. However, amongst the catch were found two females
which he was unable to refer to any of the species previously^
102 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XT
known from North America and it was found that they belonged
to what is called in Europe Vespa austriaca Panzer.
The following description of the species is made on these two
American specimens:
Vespa austriaca Panzer, Fauna Ins. German. LXIII, 1799, p. 2, Tab.
Synonyms : Vespa horealis Smith, The Zoologist, I, 1843, p. 170 $ (nee
Kirby, 1873; nee Lewis, 1897).
i Vespa arhorea Smith, The Zoologist, VII, 1849, Appendix, p. LX.
Pseudovespa austriaca O. Schmiedeknecht, Entom. Nachr. VII, 1881^
pp. 317 and 318.
'?. Head slightly broader than high. Clypeus comparatively high,
scarcely one third broader than high, its anterior margin much projecting,
distinctly emarginate, the lateral angles of the emargination strongly pro-
duced, almost dentate and slightly directed outwardly. Oculo-malar space
very short, the eyes practically reaching the base of the mandibles.
Mandibles relatively slender, when compared with other species. Tarsi
distinctly heavily built, the joint's are as broad as in other species but
much shorter. Horizontal face of first abdominal tergite comparatively
long and narrow, about half as long as the second tergite. — Punctura-
iion remote and fine on head and thorax; especially on the clypeus there
is, in this respect, a marked difference between this and related species.
Oh the mandibles also the sculpture is very obsolete. — The whole body is
■covered with erected black hairs, which are very noticeable on the abdo-
men. Upper side of all the tibia clothed with very long erect hairs, more
abundantly so on the hind legs.
Coloration. — Black with many pale lemon-yeilow markings : a broad loz-
enge on the front between the ant'ennse, the under half of the sinus of
the eyes, a large spot in the upper half and a much smaller one near the
under end of the temples (behind the eyes), nearly the whole of the
mandibles, the clypeus except for its margins and 3 small black spots
placed in a triangle on the center. In one specimen, the underside of the
antennal scape bears a short and narrow yellow stripe; in the other, the
scape is entirely black. — On the thorax, the lateral hind-margins of the
pronotum are broadly yellow, as are also two widely separated spots on
the scutellum and a smaller one on the upper half of the mesopleurae
beneath the insertion of the wings. Tegulse, yellow and brownish. — On
the legs, the apices of the femora, the tibiae, with exception of a black
stripe on the under side, and the tarsi are yellow, this color, however,
turning in certain parts brownish. — First abdominal tergite with a broad
apical yellow margin, in front of which are situated, on the transition
between the horizontal and vertical portion, two transverse, entirely free,
yellow spots. The remaining segments are, for the largest part, yellow;
there is a basal black band which is angularly produced in the center, and
on each side of this angle a transverse black spot; on the second tergite
Dec.,i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 103
the basal black band is much broader and its angular projection extends
backwards as to be connected with the lateral spots. Sixth tergite yellow
with a broad brown apex and a median longitudinal black band. Sternites
two arid three with a terminal black fascia which is much broadened on
the sides and encloses there a transverse black spot; the fourth and
fifth tergites show also an indication of a similar pattern. The colora-
tion of the abdomen is not mixed with brownish, except on the ventral
face, where there is a slight brownish tinge on the boundaries between the
black and yellow markings.
Length : total, i6 mm. ; from front of head to posterior margin of second
segment', 12 mm.
2 $ from Fort Lee, N. J., July 16, 1916. — Professor J. S. Hine has
shown me a third $ specimen which was caught by him the same day on
Staten Island, N. Y., on flowers of sumach (Rhus typhina L.)
Except for the difference in the color of the antennal scape
noted above, these three specimens agree in every respect. I was
also able to compare them with a Vespa austriaca 5 from Switzer-
land, for which I am indebted to the generosity of the well-known
French hymenopterologist, Mr. J. de Gaulle. In sculpture, struc-
ture and pubescence I can discover no difference between the
European and the American specimens. The coloration also is
very similar in the European 5^ the black spots on the clypeus
are very small, the underside of the antennal scape has a broader
yellow stripe, the postscutellum bears two minute lateral yellow
spots and the ventral face of the abdomen is richer yellow. How-
ever, coloration is a very secondary matter in the wasps, and it is
well known that English specimens of F. austriaca are paler in
color than those of Continental Europe.
Vespa austriaca Panzer is not closely related to any other
American species, its nearest relative being the European Vespa
rufa L. Of the latter species I have never seen a North Amer-
ican specimen in any of the collections I was able to look over.
R. du Buysson (1905), however, describes of this species a var.
intermedia from Hudson Bay, and a var. americana from Quebec,
I am inclined to believe that these American specimens belong to
Vespa consobrina Sauss., which, although very different in col-
oration, is very probably the American race or subspecies of
Vespa rufa L.
Vespa austriaca comes in the group of species with short oculo-
104 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
malar spaces, where the eyes reach very nearly to the base of the
mandibles. This group includes, in North America: V. Caro-
lina L., V. sulphurea L., V. vidua Sauss., V. consobrina Sauss., V.
occidentalis Cress., V. pennsylvanica Sauss.* and also the common
yellow- jacket, Vespa communis Sauss.f All these, however, dif-
fer from V. austriaca inter alia by the absence of long hairs on
the upper side of the tibisej and very often also by the shape
of the clypeus, which in most of the species has broadly rounded
lateral angles.
V. austriaca Pz, is a very scarce wasp in Europe. It was re-
corded from Switzerland, the Vosges, Southern Germany, West-
ern Austria, near St. Petersburg, Southern Sweden, the Pyrenees,
Upper Italy, and the British Islands, and shows a marked pref-
erence for mountainous regions where it goes as high as i,8oo
meters. J. Perez records a J* from Shang Hai.
The life-history and even the identity of this wasp was long a
puzzle; early writers thought it to be only a color-variation of
Vespa rufa L, Giraud (1862) was the first to point out the struc-
tural differences between the two forms, and since that time V.
austriaca has generally been accepted as distinct. Curiously
enough, R. du Buysson, in his recent Monograph of the genus
Vespa (1905), returns to the older opinion and gives austriaca
merely as a variety of rufa, although he indicates the character-
istics of both forms.
Owing to some very remarkable biological facts, the question
of the relationship of F. austriaca to V. rufa (or to other species
of wasps) goes far beyond the usual interest of discussions as to
species and varieties. Though both J* and $ of F. austriaca are
* I came recently to the conclusion that Vespa occidentalis Cresson and
V. pennsylvanica Sauss. are two very distinct species. R. du Buysson
(1905) brings them together as synonyms.
t This species is commonly identified as V. vulgaris L. or V. germanica
F. in American collections. I have seen no American specimens which
correspond exactly to these European species. Moreover, V. communis
Sauss. is apparently the American race or sub-species of V. vulgaris L.
In a similar manner, V. pennsylvanica Sauss. (but not V. occidentalis
Cresson) may be a subspecies of V. germanica F.
X These long hairs on the tibiae exist in all the American species with
long oculo-malar spaces, such as V. maculata L., V. diabolica Sauss., etc.
Dec.,i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 105
well known to European entomologists, workers referable to it
with certainty have never been found. So the suspicion arose
that this species has no workers, but breeds as an inquiline in the
nest of some other species. This suggestion, first made by Mora-
witz (1864), was strongly supported by Schmiedeknecht (1881)
and Holmgren (1883). But it was not until 1898 that direct ob-
servations, made by Robson, supported the belief of inquiline rela-
tionship between V. austriaca and V. rufa. However, by far the
most important paper on the subject was published in 1903 by G.
H. Carpenter and D. R. Pack-Beresford. These authors not only
made a complete comparative study of the two forms, but they
attempted also to become more closely acquainted with the exact
nature of the relations existing between them.
In resume, three different opinions may be held as regards the
relation existing between V. austriaca and V. rufa.
1. The older opinion, recently renewed by R. du Buysson, sees
in V. austriaca merely a color- variation of F. rufa. The 5 and
(^ austriaca have then in the economy of the nest the same stand-
ing as the ordinary rufa $ and ^. This can hardly be accepted
any longer, as there are many structural characters separating
both forms and, furthermore, this does not explain why no
workers presenting the structural peculiarities of austriaca are
found.
2. The inquiline theory as presented by Schmiedeknecht, Rob-
son and J. Perez (1910) : according to this, V. austriaca is a dis-
tinct species, whose $ and -^ play in the V. rufa nest the same
role as the Psithyrus $ and J^ in the Bombus nests. The 5 of
austriaca invades the nest of a V. rufa, lays its eggs in the cells
and the hatching larvae are fed by the rufa workers.
3. The opinion of G. H. Carpenter and D. R. Pack-Beresford
is in some respects intermediate between the two preceding theo-
ries. They believe that V. austriaca and V. rufa must have di-
verged from a common stock in comparatively recent times. They
add further : " The observations that we have been able to make
on the nest containing both forms strongly incline us to the view
that, although their differences are apparently ' specific,' there is a
direct genetic relationship between them and that they may be re-
garded as races of one and the same species. . . . We conclude,
106 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
therefore, that the old austriaca queen was the foundress of the
nest, and that both the rufa and austriaca form are her offspring.
... As regards the precise relationship between V. austriaca and
V. rufa we believe that the former represents the ancestral stock
of the latter, because V. rufa shows distinctly more tendency to
vary, while the rarity and discontinuous distribution of V. aus-
triaca suggest that it is the older form. . . . Moreover, as all the
workers of these wasps are clearly referable to V. rufa, it seems
that V. austriaca points us back to a time in the history of the
race before the worker had become differentiated from the queen."
The authors believe that, if their view be estabhshed, the develop-
ment of rufa offspring from austriaca parents would be a very
striking instance of "discontinuous variation," as the structural
differences between the two wasps are quite sufficient to warrant
" specific " distinction in the ordinary sense of the term.
Unfortunately the facts on which Carpenter and Pack-Beres-
ford base their theory are very feeble, and they can just as well
be explained by the ordinary inquiline theory.
I have given at length the opinions held by different writers,
because I believe that the discovery of V. austriaca in North
America may, perhaps, furnish some evidence to support one or
another of the preceding theories. In fact the sudden appear-
ance of this species in the New World is in itself well worthy of
study. It is not likely that this wasp has been overlooked so
many years in this country, for several of the larger collections
which I have examined do not contain a single specimen of it. It
is therefore most probably a recent immigrant from Europe.
However, the capture of 3 5$, in very fresh condition, in two
different localities, makes it improbable that these specimens were
imported as adult insects or even in the pupal stage. I am rather
inchned to believe that the species is already in some way con-
nected with one of the American wasps. No supposition as to
the nature of these relations can be made at present. As seen
above, direct observation showed in Europe that V. austriaca is
associated with V. rufa, but the latter insect has never been found
in the Eastern United States.
Dec, 1916 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society J 07
Bibliography.
R. du Buysson. Monographic des Guepes ou Vespa. Ann. Soc. entom.
France, LXXII, 1903, pp. 260-288. — Ibid., LXXIII, (1904), 1905,
pp. 485-556 and 565-634.
G. H. Carpenter and D. R. Pack-Beresford. The relationship of Vespa
austriaca to Vespa rufa. Entom. Mo. Magas. (2), XIV, 1903, pp.
230-242, PI. IV.
J. Giraud. Hymenopteres recueilHs aux environs de Suse, • en Piemont,
etc. Verh. k. k. sool. bot. Ges. Wien, XIII, 1863, pp. 11-46.
E. Holmgren. Entomol, Tidskr. II, 1883, pp. 60 and 115.
F. Morawitz. Ueber Vespa austriaca Panz. und drei neue Bienen. Bull.
Soc. Imper. Nat. Moscou, XXXVII, 1864, pp. 439-449.
J. Perez. Notes sur les Vespides. Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, LXIV,
1910, pp. 1-20.
J. E. Robson. Vespa austriaca, a Cuckoo-Wasp. Science Gossip (N. S.),
V, 1898, pp. 69-73.
E. Saunders. On the relationship of aculeate inquilines and their hosts.
Entom. Mo. Magas. (2), XIV, 1903, pp. 272-274,
O. Schmiedeknecht. Ueber einige deutsche Vespa-Arten. Entom. Nach-
richt., VII, 1881, pp. 313-318.
D. Sharp. Vespa rufa -f- austriaca. Entom. Mo. Magas. (2), XIV, 1903,
pp. 297-299.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF CEBRIO (COL.).
By Charles Schaeffer, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Cebrio antennatus new species. — Castaneous, head black or piceous, an-
tennae, legs and underside paler. Head moderately densely punctate;
labrum emarginate; mandibles as in hicolor; last two joints of maxillary
palpi nearly equal in length ; antennae rather strongly serrate, reaching
to about basal fourth of elytra, third joint about half as long as fourth,
last joint elongate and feebly constricted. Prothorax transverse, sides
almost straight, rather feebly converging towards apex, hind angles feebly
divergent, surface moderately coarsely, not densely punctate. Elytra!
striae rather feebly impressed; intervals nearly flat and moderately densely
punctate. Prosternal process hearly as wide between the coxas as in
bicolor. Abdomen finely, not closely punctate; last ventral more densely
punctate than the other segments, apex entire and broadly rounded.
Length 17 mm.
Arkansas (coll. Dietz).
This species is closely allied to C. bicolor from which it differs
in having longer antennae, entire last ventral segment, which is
108 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
feebly emarginate in hicolor, almost flat intervals and rather
feebly impressed striae of elytra.
Cebrio emarginatus new species. — Dark testaceous, head piceous, pro-
thorax dark brown, abdomen, legs and antennae paler. Head moderately
densely punctate; labrum deeply triangularly emarginate; mandibles
rather short and stout; last joint of maxillary palpi shorter than the
preceding; antennae feebly serrate; joints elongate, third joint about twice
as long as the second and more than half as long as the fourth. Pro-
thorax transverse, hind angles not divergent, sides nearly straight,. narrow-
ing to apex; surface somewhat sparsely punctate, punctures moderate.
Elytral striae shallow, punctures almost obliterated in about basal half,
towards apex more distinct; intervals moderately convex, finely and
moderately closely punctulate. Prosternal process between the coxae rela-
tively broad and rather suddenly convex. Abdomen finely and sparsely
punctate; fifth ventral segment rather deeply emarginate. Length 15.5
mm.
New Mexico (coll. Dietz).
The prosternal process in this species is rather wider than in
hicolor Fab., from which it otherwise differs in having shorter
mandibles and a much longer third antennal joint; from mandi-
hularis, estriatus and compositus it differs in having a much
wider prosternal process.
A KEY TO THE MALES OF THE ANTHOMYID GENUS
HYDROT^A RECORDED FROM NORTH AMERICA
(DIPTERA).
By J. R. Malloch^ Urbana, 111.
There js a pronounced dearth of literature in English, upon the
North American Anthomyiidse, and remarkably few keys to the
species of the various genera in either English or German. The
key presented herewith will prove useful to students who either
can not obtain access to papers dealing with the species included
or may not have time to analyze descriptions in order to discover
the distinguishing characters of the species.
The males of this genus may be readily separated from those
of other anthomyid genera by the following combination of char-
acters : eyes contiguous or subcontiguous, proboscis fleshy; palpi
Dec.,i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 109
normal ; thorax with 4 pairs of post-sutural dorso-central bristles ;
squamae unequal in size ; sternopleura with 2 bristles (1:1) ; sixth
vein of wing incomplete ; fore femora with i or 2 stout f orwardly
directed thorns near apices on ventral surface.
Key to Imagines, Males.
1. Hind femora with either a single stout downwardly directed spine or
a closely approximated pair of such spines on ventral surface 2
Hind femora without such spine or spines 6
2. Hind femoral spine near base 3
Hind femoral spine or spines near middle. 4
3. Hind tibia with a conspicuous tuft of long hairs about one third from
apex on ventral surface occulta Meigen.
Hind tibia without such tuft of hairs ; mid metatarsus with about 4
long hairs on each side acuta Stein.
4. Eyes bare ; fore femora with a few long bristles on basal half, the
apices of which are slightly knobbed; hind femora with i spine.
armipes Fallen.
Eyes distinctly pubescent; fore femora with the bristles acute apically. .5
5. Mid femora with a number of long curled apical bristles; hind femora
with I ventral spine ciliata Fabricius.
Mid femora without long curled apical bristles ; hind femora with a
closely approximated pair of ventral spines cressoni Malloch.
6. Wing with a conspicuous patch of upright microscopic hairs at apex
of discal cell militaris Meigen.
Wing without such patch of hairs 7
7. Mid metatarsus with abnormal armature, either furnished on the entire
ventral surface with stiff spinules that are at right angles to the
surface of the joint, or with a number of long hairs 8
Mid metatarsus with the normal armature, consisting of more or less
closely placed regular spinules which are directed slightly toward the
apex of the joint 9
8. Mid metatarsus armed on its entire ventral surface with short stiff
spinules which give it the appearance of being slightly thickened.
irritans Fallen.
Mid metatarsus with a slight depression near apex on ventral surface
the posterior margin of which is fringed with a comb of from 4 to 6
short, stiff, downwardly directed bristles metatarsata Stein.
9. Hind tibia about one third from apex on the inner surface armed with
a stout downwardly and apically directed spine which ends in 3 hairs.
unispinosa Stein.
Hind tibia without such spines 10
.10. Mid tibia with 1-2 bristles on anterior surface. . . .bispinosa Zetterstedt.
Mid tibia without bristles on anterior surface 11
110 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
11. Hind tibia slightly prolonged into a blunt apical process on ventral
surface; mid femora without long bristles on basal half of ventral
surface; hind tibia with 2-3 ventral bristles dentipes Fabricius,
Hind tibia normal at apex ; mid femora with 6-7 long bristles on basal
half of postero-ventral surface ; hind tibia with i ventral bristle or
with only ventral setulse 12
12. Mid tibia with a continuous series of very short upright hairs from
base to apex on anterior surface; mesonotum distinctly shining and
vittate houghi n. sp.
Mid tibia without short upright hairs; mesonotum dull velvety black,
not vittate meteorica Linne.
Hydrotsa houghi, n. sp.— Male.— Black, distinctly shining, slightly bluish
on dorsum of thorax and abdomen. Head black ; ocellar triangle shining ;
interfrontalia opaque; orbits, face, and cheeks with silvery pile. Thorax
vittate, the vittas consisting of whitish pruinose stripes covering the regions
occupied iby the acrostichal and dorso-central bristles, the intervening
spaces showing as narrow black lines. Abdomen with whitish pruinescence,
which gives the surface a slightly tessellate appearance; dorso-central
stripe slender, most distinct at base. Legs black. Wings clear or slightly
grayish. Squamae whitish. Halteres brown, knobs black.
Eyes narrowly separated, almost entirely bare; arista tapering, pubes-
cent. Thorax with 3 pairs of strong presutural acrostichals. Thorns on
fore femora of unequal strength, the posterior one much more acute than
the anterior; 4 long blunt bristles on basal half of postero-ventral surface,
a series of short stout bristles on basal half of ventral surface, and 4 or 5
similar bristles on same surface just basad of the thorns distinguish the
femora. Mid femora with a series of very long curled bristles on basal
half of anterior surface and another one of straighter bristles on same
portion of postero-ventral surface. Mid tibiae with their anterior sur-
faces covered with tiny upright hairs; posterior surfaces with 2 bristles,
one above and the other below middle. Hind femora with a series of
stout bristles on the apical half of their antero-ventral surfaces and 2
complete series of long fine hairs on their ventral. Hind tibiae with short
hairs, distinct from which are 3-4 antero-ventral setulae, one weak antero-
dorsal bristle, a very strong dorsal bristle, and the usual preapical bristle.
Third ■ and fourth wing-veins convergent apically.
Female. — Agrees in color with the male except for the more distinct
pruinescence of the dorsum.
The eyes are separated by one third the head-width. The fore femora
have no characters that distinguish the species from dentipes. The mid
tibiae have one bristle one third from apex on anterior surface in addition
to the 2 on the posterior surface. The antero-ventral setulse on hind
tibiae are stronger than in the male. In other respects except as to the
femoral bristles the female is similar to the male.
Length, 7-8.5 mm.
Dec.,i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 111
Type locality, Homer, 111., April 24, 1909 — a large series, mostly females.
Parafypes, Urbana, 111., April and June; Algonquin, 111., April and June;
Claremont, N. H., October 16, 1915 (R. P. Dow) ; Tifton, Ga., October 16,
1896; Opelousas, La., March; London, Ont. (ex. coll. Hough).
The Hough specimens are labeled dentipes, as is also one of
the Algonquin specimens from Dr. Nason. It is highly probable
that this species is the one that has been recorded as dentipes from
North America.
NEW SPECIES OF PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA.
By a. a. Girault, Glenndale, Md,
Two New TetrastichomyisB. The species of this genus, all of North
America, may. be known by the following synopsis :
Club white. Pedicel subequal to funicle i.
Scape, pedicel and ring-joints white; entire thorax (except tegula)
and abdomen reddish yellow except the base and lateral margins of
the abdomen (the latter to about the middle) and a large median,
rounded spot distad at apex of abdomen. Coxae silvery.
silvensis n. sp.
Club black. Pedicel somewhat longer than funicle i.
Scape, pedicel and ring-joints white; head, thorax and abdomen black
except at least the venter and pleurum of thorax, the proximal part
of the scutellum, the mesal part of the axillse which are reddish
yellow and the propodeum and postscutellum which are yellowish
silvery clisiocanipcB Ashmead.
The same but the distal third of the pedicel black (except at apex), the
body entirely black except the propodeum and, less distinctly, the
proscutellum, which are pale yellow orgyice n. sp.
The median carina of propodeum is distinct, no lateral carinse; man-
dibles more or less 3-dentate ; club with a distinct terminal nipple. Legs
yellow, the coxse whitish ; body reticulated, impunctate. Propodeal spiracle
round, central. Pedicel elongate. Wings lightly infuscated except at
base; postmarginal vein absent (a mere bud). The species do not differ
except in coloration. Caudal tibial spurs single. Types of clisiocampcs
Ash. examined.
1. Tetrastichomyia silvensis Girault. One female, woods, Glenndale,
Md., July 16, 1915. Type: Catalogue no. 20398, U. S. N. M., the female
on a tag, the head, a forewing, and a hind leg on a slide.
2. Tetrastichomyia orgyice Girault. One female reared from Orgyia
leucostigma, Washington, D. C, Nov. 1915 (R. M. Fouts). Type: Cata-
112 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
logue no. 20399, U. S. N. M., the specimen on a tag and a slide with same
appendages as in silvensis.
Decatoma marylandica n. sp. (Chalcid Hymenoptera) . From the
woods, June 26, 1916. Female : Length 2 mm. Entirely black, the wings
without a substigmal blotch (Endecatoma). The following parts golden
yellow: Propleurum except quadrately caudo-ventrad ; legs except prox-
imal half of caudal coxa; middle of caudal femora and tibiae; and the
middle tibiae more or less ; and the pedicel except at apex. Shallowly
umbilicately punctate, the propodeum ruguloso-punctate, with a narrow,
foveate median channel, through a peltate basin, the petiole a half longer
than wide, scaly; segments 2-4 of abdomen subequal, glabrous. Pedicel
a little longer than funicle l, funicle 2 quadrate. Stigmal vein distinct,
small. The yellow on the propleurum is visible above.
An ordinary species. Glenndale, Md., one female. Type: Catalogue
no. 20364, U. S. N. M., the above female on a tag. One female in the
U. S. N. M. from Oak, D. C.
Two New Chalcid Flies from Maryland. Elachistus marylandkus n. sp.
Female : The same as louisiana Girault but the lateral margin of the
abdomen is dusky only for two thirds its length from base (or to a third
cross-stripe) and there are three narrow cross-stripes at about the middle
and two more slightly indicated between these and base from each side.
Club solid, pointed at apex, the mandibles edentate, obtuse at apex.
Two females, open woods, Aug. 12, 1916. Glenndale, Md. Types :
Catalogue no. 20442, U. S. N. M., the females on a card point or tag, hind
tibiae and a head on a slide. A third female same place a week later.
Aprostocetus ulysses n. sp. Female : Length 0.80 mm. Dark metallic
purple, the wings hyaline, the antennae (except base of pedicel above and
club 3 which are purplish) and the legs except base of front coxae, yel-
lowish white, the abdomen pale golden except the margins all around
(except at base, more broadly at the middle at the cross-stripes), the
apex rather broadly and three cross-stripes (the second at middle, the
three in succession, the first often broadly interrupted at the middle, the
third often represented by a spot at meson). With the usual sculpture,
the line of punctures along lateral scutum minute, obscure, the propodeum
short at the meson, then with a weak median carina; no lateral carinas,
the spiracle minute, round, central. Thorax rounded, the abdomen nar-
rower, conic-ovate. Pedicel slightly longer than funicle i ; funicle 2
longest, somewhat over twice longer than wide, 3 a little shorter, sub-
equal to club 2; funicle i nearly twice longer than wide, longer than club
3 which bears a distinct terminal nipple. Mandibles bident'ate.
Two females. Meadows by sweeping, Aug., 1916. Glenndale, Md.
Types : Catalogue no. 20445, U. S. N. M., the two specimens on a tag, two
heads on a slide.
Gonatocerus novifasciatus Girault. Common in Maryland woods. The
distal half of the forewing is somewhat infuscated. The propodeum bears
Dec.,igi6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 113
a pair of median carinse which are not very close together. Scut'ellum
without sulci.
A new Eucharid Chalcid-Fly from Maryland. From the woods, June
12, 1916. Pseudometagea hillmeadia n. sp. Female : A little larger than
the genotype from which it differs as follows : The general color is lus-
trous black not dark brown ; the head and thorax bear more numerous pin
punctures (in both the vertex bears a bifoveate median sulcus and is
rugulose on each side of this) ; the scape (excluding the bulla) is about
twice longer than wide, in the other only slightly longer than wide ; the
broad, rugulose cephalo-mesal part of the scutum is longer, reaching
nearly to the middle; the parapsidal furrows, punctate, are complete and
distinct, absent in the other (in the type female; present in the other
specimens placed with the type) : the femora are broadly blackish at
base, concolorous in the others. Otherwise the same. Types compared.
Scutellum with a cross-row of fovese at base, a few longitudinal striae
laterad and a median channel Propodeum honeycombed Petiole nodular,
a little larger than the coxse. Abdomen a little ascending, elliptical ovate,
the second segment occupying most of the surface. Marginal vein long,
the stigmal quadrate to oval. AntenncE 8-jointed, without a ring-joint, the
club solid; funicle i elongate but not as long as the club, the pedicel
longer than the body of -the scape (genotype) or smaller {hillmeadia).
Substigmal spot distinct.
From one female, Glenndale, Md. Type : Catalogue no. 20319, U. S.
N. M., the female on a tag, the antennae on a slide. Differs from the
genotype mainly in the general coloration. Two more specimens, the
same place, two weeks later.
SARCOPHAGA AND ALLIES IN NORTH AMERICA.
At an early date there is to appear from the Thomas Say
Foundation its first volume, Sarcophaga and Allies in North
America, by Dr. J. M. Aldrich. It is octavo 325 pp., with 170
figures. Of 175 forms, about 100 are now newly described.
Genitalia are figured for 138 species. It deals with a neglected
group of common flies, some of which are important parasites,
especially of grasshoppers, while others are scavengers or excre-
ment feeders ; one species has been-' definitely connected with
human intestinal myasis.
Subscription to the permanent Thomas Say Foundation costs
$10. The price of the forthcoming volume is $3. The Treas-
urer is Morgan Hebard, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.
114 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI
LIVING PUPAE FOR SALE.
For many years it has been the custom of a few of us to dis-
tribute among schools, etc., a large number of cocoons of Satur-
niids for study purposes. Now, for the benefit of our publica-
tion fund and in the interest of science we offer :
Sound cecropia cocoons $i.oo per loo
Parasitized or dead cocoons 25
Best cynthia cocoons i.oo
Dead ones, generally bacterial 25
Our best selection of promethea i.oo
On all orders from 50 cents upward postage will be prepaid.
On lesser orders kindly add fair postage. We shall give our time
in safe packing, etc.
When the late John B. Smith worked upon the parasites and
diseases of cecropia, we collected for him about 19,000 cocoons.
In this species we can detect living or dead. The latter may be
of interest either for silk or diseases. The parasites are gen-
erally a Pimpla or a large Ophion. Cecropia can be bred on
almost any deciduous tree in any climate. It is to be hoped that
much more will be done in efforts at hybridization.
From the cynthia cocoons come the pongee silk of commerce.
This insect was first introduced from China to Brooklyn about
1867. It feeds normally upon the Ailanthus tree. It has been
bred ex ovo on species of oak. If bred on wild cherry the
imagines are distinctly dwarfed. Sassafras has been success-
fully used. Other trees should be tried. The silk value of this
species is great. Hybridization has been carried on extensively.
Recorded successes are with promethea (both sexes), cecropia,
Columbia, gloveri, calif ornica. Its parasites are not numerous.
We believe there is a good field so that biologists should experi-
ment on not fewer than 50,000 cocoons this coming season.
Cocoons of promethea are getting scarce around New York.
Where we used to find hundreds on wild cherry, almost any tree
in a grove, we now find dozens on trees widely scattered. The
parasites are several and interesting. They respond readily to
attempts at hybridization. Food trees are many in any climate.
The silk is tough and of excellent quality.
Dec.,i9i6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 115
•We cannot guarantee delivery of io, tuna, or polyphemus,
valued at 5, 15 and 4 cents respectively. Unless pupated in cap-
tivity they are hard to find. Luna is specially prone to epidemic
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Address all correspondence or orders to /
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I collect for cash local Insects in all Orders. Printed price list of
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Pines, N. C.
WANTED. — North American Orthoptera from localities which are little
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FOR SALE, or EXCHANGE for perfect copies of scarce postage
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WANTED. — Imagos of Saperda Candida, Pholus pandorus, all stages
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and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla.
WANTED. — No. Am. Cerambycidae and Buprestidae, especially Agrilus;
will collect insects of any order in this locality for exchanges in above
families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass.
The undersigned will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey
species not listed in Smith's Insects of New Jersey. — Harry B. Weiss, 242
Raritan Ave., New Brunswick, N. J.
Fine specimens of the large Mantis, Paratenodera sinensis, collected
at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., offered in exchange for North Ameri-
can Lepidoptera — Philip Laurent, 31 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.
I collect for cash local Insects in all Orders. Printed price hst of
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Pines, N. C.
WANTED. — North American Orthoptera from localities which are little
known or in which but little collecting has been done. Material from the
mountainous regions of the West particularly desired. M. Hebard, Acad-
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WANTED for cash or exchange.- — Silphidae and Lucanidas from all
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City.
FOR SALE at low prices. — A large number of species of Colombian
Lepidoptera, perfect and seconds. Also Canadian species. H. S. Parish,
81 Robert St., Toronto, Can.
WANTED for cash. — Ova of Catocalas with or without parent moth.
Address George J. Keller, 191 Avon Ave., Newark, N. J.
WILL pay cash for Necrophorus sayi, hecate, melsheimeri, vespilloides,
and for specimens of any species with vmusual markings or deformities.
R. M. Moore, M.D., 74 South Fitzhugh St., Rochester, N. Y.
FOR SALE, or EXCHANGE for perfect copies of scarce postage
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labelled and correctly named. About seven hundred specimens. William
Reiff, 366 Arborway, Jamaica Plain, Mass.
WANTED. — Imagos of Saperda Candida, Pholus pandoriis, all stages
of Macrodactylus Subspinosus except imagos, any other material of eco-
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THE BROOKLYN
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
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OFFICERS, 1916
President
WILLIAM T. DAVIS
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W. T. BATHER
Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
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J. R. DE LA TORRE-BUENO
Treasurer
C. E. OLSEN
Librarian
A. C. WEEKS
Curator
GEORGE FRANCK
Delegate to Council of New York Academy of Sciences
CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
Bulletin of the
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BULLETIN
OF THE
Brooklyn Entomological
Society
NEW SERIES
Vol. XII
1917
EDITED (IN SUCCESSION) BY
F. G. SCHAUPP JOHN B. SMITH GEO. H. HULST
CHAS. LOUIS POLLARD
R. P. DOW
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
CHARLES SCHAEFFER,
J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO.
ROBERT P. DOW
Press of
The new Era printing Company
Lancaster. Pa.
Dec, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
Mentioned in Vol. XII. New forms marked *.
Acalypta grisea syn., 78
lillianis, 78
Acmes ops proteus, 94
Aeolus, 41
Adelocera pyrsolepis, 47 • ~~~-
Agrilus acutipennis, 93
politus, 93
ruficollis, 93
vittaticollis, 94
Aids sulfuraria, 46
Amelanchier, 78
Ameristus fumosipennis, 88
Andrena andrenoides, 90
banksii,* 89 '
carlini, 89, 91
cressoni, 92
erythrogastra, 90
flexa,* 92
mandibularis, 90
regularis, 89, 91
vicina, 89
Andropogon tectorum, 34
Aneristus fomosipennis, 88
Anthocoris, 14
Anthomyia, 37
Anthophilax alternatus, 94
malachiticus, 93, 94
Apantesis proxima var. autholea, 47
ApicESchna heros, 45
Apion, 65
Aprostocetus canadensis, 118
Aprostocetus diplosidis, 88
kansasia,* 88
Aradus acutus, 46
duseei, 46
uniformis, 46
Arthromacra aenea, 17
appalachiana,* 17, 18
Arthromacra donacioides, 18
glabricollis, 18
pilosella* 17, 18
robinsoni, 17
rugosecollis, 18
Asemum moestum, 94
Balaninus baculi, 45
nasicus, 45
proboscideus, 45
rectus, 45
Baptisia tinctoria, 64
Barnesia ritaria, 115
Betarmon bigeminatus, 43,
californicus* 42
ferrugineus, 43
Betula populifolia, 31
Blatta aegyptiaca, 69
Bombus, 52
BougainvillcBa glabra, 34
Buprestis impolita, 93
striata, 93
Callidium antennatum, g4-
janthinum, 94
Caricea, 36
Car3;a a/6a, 31
glabra, 31
Catopsilia eubule, 45
Ceanothus americana, 30, 79
Cephalocaris, 76
Ceresa albescens, no
albido sparsa, in
basalis, in
brevicornis, in
brevis, in
brevitylus, ill
borealis, ill
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
Ceresa bubalus, iii
constans, iii
dicer OS, no
femorata, no
militaris, in
occidentalis, in
palmeri, in
stimulea, ill
taurina, in
uniformis, in
Coenonympha californica, 46
Cephalanthus, 78
Chalcophora fortis, 93 ,
lacustris, 93
liberta, 93
virginiensis, 93 .
Chanithus, 70
Chionathus virginica, 59
Chrysanthemum leucanthe-mum, 31
Chrysobothris dentipes, 93
harrisii, 93
sc atrip ennis, 93
Cicindela arisoncs, 46
dorsalis, 45
lepida, 45
marginata, 46
s trig a, 47
z^. inyo,* 106
Z'. kirbyi, 106
?;. owena* 106
•». viridissima, 106
'Cliioria mariana, 62
Clytus marginicollis, 94
Clytanthus ruricola, 94
Coccophagus orientalis, 88
Coenosia, 36
Coleophora malivorella, 87
Copidita thoracica, 30
Corythaica bellula* 19
monacha, 19
Corythiicha adusta, 79
arcuata, 78
bulbosa, 79
carbonata, 79
cerasi, 79
Corythucha cratcegi, 78
heteromelii syn., 78
incurvata, 78
marmorata, 78
pallida, 78
pruni, 79
Cratcegus, 78, 92
Cregyo) vetusta, 46
Cremastochilus canaliculatus, 31
Crotolana retusa, 88
Ctenucha brunnea, 47
Dasyllis affinis, 52
a^^wr, 5:3, 54
californica,* 53, 54
champlaini, 53, 54
cinerea, 52, 54
Colombia, 53
divisor,* 53, 54
fernaldi, 53
fiavicollis, 53
grossa, 53
insignis* S3
^a^a. S3, SS
macquarti,* 52, 54
partitor,* 53, 54
posticatus, S3, 54
sackeni* 53, 54
sacrator, 52
semitecta, 52
thoracica, 53
unicolor, 53
virginica,* 53
Daucus carota, 31
Dermestes talpinus, 30
Desmocerus palliatus, 94
Desmodium lasiocarpum, 34
Dexiopsis, 36
Dicerca caudata, 93
chrysea, 93
divaricata, 93
prolongata, 93
punctulata, 93
tenebrosa, 93
Dictyophara, 69
dio^r^jj, 70
Dec, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
Dictyophara fiorens, 70, 71
lingula, 70, 71
microrhina, 70
Dinapate wrightii, 107
Dolichoglossa, 37
Drasterius amabalis, 40, 41
circumscriptus, 42
dorsalis, 40, 41
elegans, 40
livens, 41
nigriventris,* 41
pulchellus, 41
subornatus, 40, 41
scutellatus,* 41
thoracicus,* 40
Drosophila ampelophila, 21
Ehrethia elliptic a, 50
Elachistus hyphantrice, 85
sanninnoidecE,* 85
Elater vitiosus, 46
Ellipotoma laticornis, 31
Emmesomyia* apiculis* 115
unica,* 114
Encyclops cceruleus, 94
Erystalis tenax, 6
Euchrysia hyalinipennis, 14
maculipennis, 14
similis,* 14
Eubarnsia,* 115
Euderces picipes, 94
Eupogonius tomentosus, 95
Eupteromalus sarcophagae, 118
Eurydinota lividicorpus,* 86
Eurytoma pissodis,* 88
c/^n^ 88
Falcata comosa, 62
Fitchia apt era, 45
Forcipomyia, 14
Fraxinus, 59, 80
americana, 80
nigra, 81
pennsylvanica, 81
Gargaphia, 61
Gargaphia amorphce, 79
Gonotocerus maga, 87
angulata, 79
reticulata, 61
solani, 79
fz7icF, 79
Gaurotes cyanipennis, 94
Gerris remigis, 21
titillatus,* 87
Glischrochilus fasciatus, 30
Gonatocerus maga, 87
Halisoa rufipes, 118
Hammomyia, 37
Hccmatopoto pluvialis, 69
Heidemannia, 7S
Hetcerina vulnerata, 46
Hippobosca (Equina, 69
Homoptera unilineata, 103
Hoplogaster, 36
Hydnocera humeralis, 31
lecontei, 31
longicollis, 31
pallipennis, 31
verticalis, 31
Hylemyia, ZT, 38
Hylephila, 37
Hyperplatys aspersus, 95
Hyperteles polynemce, 118
Hypopteromalus percussor,* 118
Jil'j, 30
Isonietopus libertus,* 76
pulchellus, 76, 77
signatus, 76, 77
unicolor, 76
Isohydnocera, 83
(F^rra^ 84
albocincta, 84
brunnea,* 84
curtipennis, 84
gerhardi, 84
longicollis, 84
ornata, 84
pusilla, 84
schusteri, 84
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
Isohydnocera tabida, 84
Juglans cinerea, 31
Languria mosardi, 86
Laphria, 52
Lemidia, 85
Lemonias virgulti, 46
Leptostyla affinis, 64
angustata, 64
dilaticollis, 61
clitorice, 60, 61
constricta, 62
costofasciata, 61
^/ato^ 61
gracilenta, 61
heidemanni, 60, 63
oblonga, 60, 62, 63
similis, 64
velifica, 61
velifer* 60
Leptostylus 6-guttatus, 95
Leptoypha brevicornis, 56, 58, 59
costata, 56, 57
discreta, 58
distinguenda, 57
elliptica* 56, 57
minor* 55, 56
mutica, 56, 58, 59
Leptura, 30
aspera, 95
cordifera, 94
exigua, 94
hcsmatites, 94
mutabilis, 95
proxima, 94
pubera, 95
ruficolHs, 30, 95
sphcsrocollis, 95
vittata, 95
Lespedesa, 62
Lidopus heidemanni, 74
Lim,nospila, 2^
Liopus fascicularis, 29
Lispa, 114
Lyccena exilis, 46
Madeterus, 13
Mallophora analis, 55
Meadorus lateralis, 46
Megapenthes nigriceps, 42
Megathymus sp., 46
Meibomia, 62
Melanophila fulvoguttata, 93
Memythrus cupressi, 46
Meroporus dubius, 118
utibilis, 118
Microrrhagus audax, 39
bonvouloiri, 40
imperfectus, 39
oblitus, 39
subsinuatus, 39
Molorchus bimaculatus, 30, 94
M onanthia c-nigrum, 49, 50
coloradensis, 50, 51
ehrethics,* 49, 50
labeculata, 49, 50
monotropida, 49, 50
Monohammus scutellatus, 95
Monophylla terminata, 31
musca domestica, 68
Mycterus scaber, 30
Myiomma cixiiformis, 75
media,* 75
Necrobia violacea, 31
Necrophorus americanus, 30
marginatus, 30
orbicollis, 30
^03;/, 30
Neoborus am^osnus, 81
canadensis, 80
geminus, 80
palm,eri, 81
pubescens,* 80, 81
tricolor, 80
Neochirosia, 35, 36
setiger* 36
Neoclytus muricatulus, 94
Neohylemyia^ Z7
proboscidalis,* 38
Neomphaloides, 118
Neomphaloidomyia* 118
Dec, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
Neowashingtonia filifera, 107
Nersia curviceps, 70
florens, 71
Notonecta mexicana, 46
Omosita colon, 30
Omphalomopsis marilandia,* 88
Ootetrastichus gibboni,* 86
myrmaridis, 86
Ormyrus thymus,* 87
unfasciatipennis,* 87
unmaculatipennis, 87
Oxygonus montanus,* 43
obesus, 44
Pachyta monticola, 94
rugripenniSj 94
Pemphredon angularis, 99, 100
bipartior, 102
cockerelli, 98, 100
concolor, 99
confertim, 100
errans,* 99
foxii* loi
giffardi, 102
grinnelli, 102
harbecki, 102
inornatus, 102
marginatus, 102
montanus, 102
morio syn., 102
nearcticus, 98
provancheri, 97
rileyi, 100
shawii,* 100
tenax, 102
tinctipennis, 97
virginiana,* loi
Pentacricia, 36
Petalostemon, 63
Phaonia, 114
Phenolia grossa, 30
PhyllobcEnus dislocatus, 29, 31
Phyllogaster, 36
Phylloscelis, 70
Phymatodes variabilis, 94
Pieris rapes, 46
Pinus strobus, 29
Pissodes strobi, 89
Pityophthorus consimilis, 29
Platanus occidentalis, 31
Platycerus keeni, 22
pedicillaris, 22
quercus, 22
thoracicus, 22
Pleocoma australis, 16
badia,* 15
conjungens, 15
fimbriata, 15
Podisus fretus, 46
Pogonocherus plenicellatus, 95
Proboscimyia, 37
Proboscidomyia, 37
PrionochcEta opaca, 30
Prunus, 92
Psenocerus supernotatus, 29
Pseudolucanus bicostatus,* 22
masama, 22
Pseudophana, 70
P silo pa, 13
Pycnanthemum incanum, 30, 31
Pyrameis carya, 46
Rhagium lineatum, 93, 94
Rhipiphorus limbatus, 31
i?/iwj glabra^ 29
Salix, 90
Sanninoidea exitiosa, 85
Saperda vestita, 95
Scatophaga furcata, 14
Schoenomysa, 35
Scolops, 70
Scopelosomd devia, 46
Scolopostethus affinis, 46
atlanticus, 46
thomsoni, 46
Secodella viridis, 85
Secodes multilineatus,* 85
Sericothrips occipitalis,* 32
sup ha americana, 30
incequalis, 29
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
lapponica, 30
novehoracensis, 29
surinamensis, 30
Smerinthus cerisyi, 46
Sphinx chersis, 47
coloradus, 46
Stachyocnemus apicalis, 45
Staphylea trifoUa, 79
Statira, 17
Stictocephala, no
Strangalia, 30
Synchlora alhicostaria, 35
avidaria* 34
denticulata, 34
liquoraria, 34
Syneda alleni, 46
Taraxacum officinale, 31
Telenomus fuscicornis, 88
monilicornis, 88
Tetramerinx, 36
Thaumatoneura, 44
Thecla melinus, 46
Thripoctenus, 88
Tibicen auletes, 45
jayt, 45
Tingis amorphae, 79
Trichodes nuttali, 31
Trichius, 45
Tropidosteptes cardinalis, 80
Tamos scolopacinarius, 46
Typocerus, 30
Vanessa j-album, 46
Verbascum thapsus, 31
FiVij labrusca, 31
Viburnum, 30
Wolcottia, 84
parviceps, 85
pedalis, 85
sobrina, 85
Xenoborus commissuralis, 81, 82
neglectus,* 82
pettiti, 82
plagifer, 81, 82
Xylotrechus fuscus, 94
Zopherus gracilis, 46
Zotheca tranquilla, 118
Vol. XII
APRIL, 1917
No. 1
BULLETIN
OF THE
Brooklyn Entomological
Society
NEW SERIES
PUBUCATION COMMITTEE
CHARLES SCHAEFFER,
Chairman
J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO,
Advertising Manager
ROBERT P. DOW.
Editor
Published by the Society
Price, 25 cents Subscription, $1.00 per year (five issuej()
CONTENTS.
VENGEFUL BROOD OF LILITH, Dow i
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LILITH, Freidus 9
PREDACEOUS HABITS IN MADETERUS AND PSILOPA, Mal-
loch 13
NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF EUCHRYSIA, Girault 14
THE ELEVENTH PLEOCOMA, Fall 15
SYNOPSIS OF ARTHROMACRA, Leng 16
NEW SPECIES OF TINGID FROM N. Y., Bueno 19
CONCERNING GERRIS REMIGIS, Olsen 21
NOTES ON LUCANID^, Angell 22
LIVING PUP^ FOR SALE 22
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Vol. XII April, 1917 No. i
STUDIES IN THE OLD TESTAMENT.
By R. p. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y.
I. The Vengeful Brood of Lilith and Samael.
There are certain discrepancies in Genesis, more apparent than
real, which have puzzled commentators in all ages, and of which
early explanations differ radically from present ones adopted
since it has become generally understood that Genesis is a com-
pilation of earlier narratives, notably the Elohistic and Jahvistic.
Dr. Briggs, of the Union Theological Seminary, has pointed out,
too, that the form of Genesis is wholly poetical. This leads to
a reasonable inference that if the text be regarded as dipping
into allegory, one may arrive much more nearly at the truth.
A stumbling block which has puzzled almost every child at
Sunday School, as well as adults, is that Adam, the first man,
and Eve, the first woman, had two children grown to maturity
and both these sons had no difficulty whatever in finding human
wives. Whom and whence? In the efforts to explain one en-
counters an earlier apparent discrepancy. In Genesis i it is
stated that after the earth, sea and sky had been separated, after
the stars were set, after grass and herbs were grown, after whales,
fowl, cattle and creeping things, " God created man in his own
image — male and female created he them. God said unto them,
be fruitful and multiply."* After this a Garden of Eden was
created. Trees grew up to fruitfulness, "pleasant to the sight
and good for food." In ordinary nature this process would take
* In this and all other quotations the King James version is used, unless
otherwise stated.
2 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
some years, as a minimum. Still later (perhaps many centuries),
Adam, described as created out of dust, " gave names to all cattle,
fowls, beasts, but for Adam was not found an helpmeet for
him." So God took one of his ribs, made a woman. This was
Eve. To account for a population from which Cain and Seth
got wives, later commentators claim that early commentators
seized upon an Assyrian divinity and made her Adam's first wife.
This was Lilith, who subsequently appears as mothering a brood
of zehuh, or flies. A second brood of children attributed to her
were SuccuhcB, or devils which normally assume the female human
form.
All mythology begins from a basis of fact. All myths, all
demi-gods, all gods (except alone the Monotheos, amorphous, in-
finite) are the imperfect recollections, distorted by ages of tradi-
dition, of living humans. Zeus and Hera upon Olympus, Thor
and Baldur, Beelzebub and Lilith were human as ourselves.
Whence came Lilith is only partially recorded. There is
authority for regarding her as blonde, or, as Dante Gabriel Ros-
setti paraphrases, " with hair of ropes of gold." If so, she would
be Aryan, a predecessor of races of which the best known at
present are the blue-eyed Scandinavians. The earliest extant
account of Lilith is that in the Apocryphal Book, the alphabet of
Ben Sira, dating perhaps from the tenth century A. D. Of
course, this is no criterion of antiquity. It may be observed,
parenthetically, that there was a great cult in southern Europe in
the seventh century of Lilith worshippers, just as demon worship
has spasmodically broken out in almost every century in some
quarter. It may be observed, parenthetically, too, that the oldest
existing manuscript of the Old Testament dates from the twelfth
century A. D., although it is known from allusions long before
Christ. One cannot judge from manuscript the age of any of the
great books of Hebrew literature. Ben Sira states that Lilith
was beautiful, with wavy long black hair. At all events this
woman was so beautiful, so towering in intellectual gifts that she
was known everywhere around the place where Babylon later was,
and came to be worshipped as a goddess. There is Rabbinical
authority that Adam was as the Arab or Jewish races now are,
brown-eyed ; and that he was created (or born) with a brown
April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
beard hanging to his waist. Perhaps, after humans multiplied, as
told in Genesis i, Adam, first man, was prototype to head a great
race, to become the child of destiny.
Life with Adam was not satisfactory. He claimed obedience,
either of woman to man, or impersonally to the chosen of destiny,
Lilith claimed equal rights, having been created out of the same
clay, and at the same time. When she realized how hopelessly
obstinate Adam was in his reactionary views, she reached a deci-
sion not unlike that of the end-of-the-nineteenth century Nora in
Ibsen's "Doll's House." She flew out of Eden and away from
Adam, who in her stead got Eve for his second wife, taken from
his thirteenth rib on the right side.
Note that in all tradition Lilith is able to fly, and so was more
easily able to bear a brood of winged children. Note, too, that
in their endeavor to reconcile the conflicting Biblical stories, the
ancient Oriental adepts created legendary prototypes of suffra-
gists and " antis." Note, also, that Eve was quite the opposite in
disposition, the type of absence of self will. She was dark, prob-
ably Ethiopian, like the later Queen of Sheba, who, marvelously
beautiful, was probably negro. Eve served Adam with such fidel-
ity and submissiveness that the poet declares she was a rib of his
own body. Imagery can go no farther than this.
Lilith, having flown southward, met a certain Ba-alj married
him, and settled in the valley of Jehannum.
Naturally, then, the loyal descendants of Adam could not speak
too illy of this woman who abandoned Adam, and apparently
originated divorce. Even Jehannum became accursed and the
children of Israel were warned not to intermarry with this outcast
posterity. The place developes into an abode of darkness, and
further until, in the attempts to localize a Hell, it becomes one of
the planes, Gehenna differing from Tophet. Similarly tradition
has localized heaven in planes, the " seventh heaven " remaining
as the highest attainable bliss. In the Mohammedan conception
of Hell, Jehannum remains particularly the abode of reputation-
less women. Thus Lilith was consigned by tradition to consort
only with devils.
The Phoenician whom Lilith married, and who shares her ob-
loquy, is still recalled by name, Samael. The term Ba-al is
4 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
Phoenician. In the time of Lihth the Phoenicians may or may
not have completed their migration overland from the lower Red
Sea district to the coast of Palestine. At all events they pre-
sumably maintained trade routes by sea or caravan along the
coast. A Ba-al is merely a leading man, a captain, governor,
anybody above the rank and file. This particular Ba-al, Samael,
is beyond much doubt the man who appears in the Old Testament
as Baalzebub, and in the New Testament as Beelzebub The
word sebul is Phoenician adopted into Hebrew. It means rad-
ically any elevation of ground, big or small. In Phoenicia this
man was presumably lord of a mountain. In Hebrew, where he
was to be spoken of only with contempt, he becomes master of
a dunghill. Commentators of all ages have not overlooked that
a manure pile is the breeding place of flies. In the New Testa-
ment only Beelzebul appears as a devil, not easily differentiated
from Satan. The word zebub is also Phoenician, but it is also
Hebrew from Exodus downward. It is most frequently trans-
lated "flies," but quite probably includes all pestiferous insects.
It occurs in four connections in the Old Testament, invariably
as flies or the equivalent in other languages. There are the dead
flies which cause the ointment to stink (Ecclesiastes) ; in Isaiah,
"the Lord shall hiss for the fly that is in the uttermost part of
the rivers of Egypt." For the references from Exodus one
must await the paper on the Plague of Arob. Schindler's " Bib-
lische Lexicon " defines zebub as winged insects including Culex,
Vespa, CEstrum, and Crabro. Others define it more broadly to
include terrible things such as lions, tigers and scorpions.
The earliest Biblical allusion to Beelzebub is in 2 Kings. Here
he is the false god of Ekron, whom children of Israel ran to in-
voke, just as they frequently worshipped a golden calf or other
false divinity, meriting the rebuke of the orthodox. Inasmuch
as Beelzebub is to appear as a devil, with home in Hell, and, as
in Greek mythology Acheron is the river flowing around the boun-
daries of Hades, one naturally wonders whether the resemblance
between the two words is accidental, or whether the origin of the
myths is not similar. There is a passage in Pliny, the Roman
bibliographer of natural history, first century A. D., mentioning
the Cyreneans (a Greek colony on Phoenician soil) invoking the
April, igi? Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
god Achorem to kill the flies which were producing a pestilence.
This certainly suggests a triple etymological connection — Ekron,
Acheron, Achorem. For eighteen centuries, however, commen-
tators have been in error on this passage, pointing out Zeus
Apomuios and Hercules with similar epithet. True, one of the
attributes of Zeus and Jupiter is as a successful driver away of
flies. The monstrous Hercules had similar great power over in-
sects. When he finally settled down to live in Sicily; the Cicadas
disturbing his noon naps, he struck them all perpetually dumb for
fifty miles around. Both gods were fly killers. Beelzebub was
their natural father and protector. With their annoyance he hit
back at his Hebrew detractors.
Two or more broods of children were born to Samael and
Lihth. Tradition makes plenty of mention of the second, the
female devils, which made Lilith a mediaeval by-word, terror of
women in childbirth, to be fought with amulets — an easier way
than by righteous living. For the first brood there is more slen-
der authority. Perhaps it was taken for granted that, as Beelze-
bub was father of flies, his wife Lilith must have been their
mother. Per contra, if Lilith bore this brood of flies, Samael
must have been the father, and hence his epithet. In very early
Sanscrit authority a day each year was set apart for a festival for
flies. They were fed and cajoled, not for themselves, but to
placate the evil demon who fathered their existence. Compare
also the Avestic account. Almost from the beginning the evil
author of a half of existence brought into the world insects
(translated as " wasps ") " which are very death to the cattle and
the fields." In all Egypt the wasp typified power of death over
humanity (cf, Bull.^. April, 1916, testimony of the Tombs, p. 1
et seq.). It may be noticed that in Hebrew literature the wasp
is just as deadly. Its name here is tsir. In Exodus, " I will send
hornets before thee, which will drive out the Hivite." In Deu-
teronomy, " Moreover the Lord thy God will send the hornet
among them, until they that are left and hide themselves from
thee shall be destroyed." In Joshua, " And I send the hornet
before you, which drave out from before you, even the two Kings
of the Amorites." Even kings could not withstand the hornet of
the Hebrews.
6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
There should be noted, also, the similar Biblical conception of
the bee. The word Deborah is often chosen as a Christian name
with the idea that it typifies industry, frugality and beneficence.
The Hebrews were well acquainted with honey, for one of the
early promises was to lead them to " a land flowing with milk and
honey " ; but all mentions of the bee dwell upon its stinging end.
In Deuteronomy, " The Amorites chased you as bees do." In
Psalm CXVIII, " They (mine enemies) compassed me like bees."
In Isaiah, predicting disaster to Judah, " And it shall come to pass
in that day that the Lord shall hiss for the bee that is in the land
of Assyria [home of Lihth?]. And they shall come and shall
rest all of them in the desolate valleys, and in the holes of the
rocks, and upon all thorns, and in all bushes." Thus it will be
seen that Deborah signifies a vengeful beast whose sting is de-
struction.
In interpretation of the deborah of the riddle of Samson about
the bees in the carcass of the lion there is no more renowned
paper in entomology than that of the late Baron Osten Sacken on
the Bugonia Myth, identifying this particular deborah with count-
less others as the once Palsearctic, now cosmopolitanly common
Syrphid, Eristalis tenax.
The word Lilith is next to be consulted. The root lilaiu,
night or darkness, is not Hebrew, but is Assyrian. The Assyrian
spelling for the woman is Lilit or Lilu. It is not necessarily a
duplicated root, but probably is, the root being originally the
monosyllable li. This seems to mean night, and the idea of night
is from the darkened blueness of the sky. In Demonology Lilith
always operates at night. Moreover throughout the East indigo
and its dark color have etymologically gone hand in hand. Lilang
or lilak are present Persian adjectives meaning dark blue. The
Persian for indigo is nil, adjective nilak. The Sanscrit for dark
blue is nila, and its noun, nili, is indigo. While there is no direct
connection between Lilith and our familiar shrub, the lilac, no
evidence that the flower was regarded sacred to that divinity,
yet the root is the same. This flower is native to Assyria and
thereabouts. In Persian it is variously called lilaj, lilang, or
lilanj. In Ottoman Turkish it is leilag (authority W. W. Skeats),
April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 7
or as spelled at present, leilaq.^ The flower was brought to
Europe before the crusades, probably by the Venetians. In
Spain it remains lilac or is Hispanized as lila. Skeats, Etymolog-
ical Dictionary, gives Anglo-Saxon lilie, not the Hly, but the lilac ;
but gives no context on which his statement is supported. An
EngHsh book of 171 5 gives lilach.
One would imagine the same root for the Latin lilium, orig-
inally the night flower. Thus it dates back before ' the Greek
XecpLov, the phonetic change from / to r being wholly in accord
with law.
The word lilith occurs once in the Old Testament, the famous
passage, Isaiah 34, 14: "The wild beast of the desert shall also
meet with the wild beasts of the island, and the satyr shall cry
to his fellow; the screech owl (lilith) also shall rest there, and
find for herself a place of rest." Whether or not we accept the
translation of the King James version, the horns of a dilemma
remain — did the woman give the name to the bird, or did the bird,
always of ill omen, furnish the name for the despised woman?
Apparently the former. The translation as screech owl has been
bitterly assailed, although it has the support of the Septuagint.
The King James translators found themselves in a quandary for
words to account for several owls and other birds. There was
a cos of Leviticus, for which big owl seemed a feasible rendering.
The other owls appear, one in this very passage of Isaiah. There
are tinshemeth and yamshuph, for one horned owl being sug-
gested (with marginal note of swan). The names of animals in
the whole passage must be dubious in any translation, for they
include unicorns, bullocks, cormorants (margin — pelican), bittern,
owls, ravens, dragons, satyrs, great owls, and vultures. St.
Jerome, following Symmachus, departed from precedent and took
the word lamia, a name applied to a bird only in this place. The
familiar Latin name for owl is noctua, which Linne appropriated
for the owl moths, insects whose luminous eyes and heavy color
render them excellent miniatures of the bird. In Horace, Ap-
puleius and Tertullian Lamia is a witch delighting in sucking
children's blood, and so is not unlike the whole conception of
* The popular Oriental names of women, Leila and Lillah, seem to have
this root.
8 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
Lilith. In the margin of the. King James version the words
"night monster" are suggested instead of screech owl, and this
change was adopted in the Revised version. It was supported
and probably originally suggested by several of the more schol-
arly mediaeval Rabbis. This is quite in keeping with Lihth, also,
coming from men best acquainted with the Lilith tradition and
at a time when it held strongest sway over men's minds.
In Mohammedan countries where story telling is highly devel-
oped the Lilith myth has assumed many forms. Not the least
interesting is one which Fitz Nigle quotes in the N. Y. Tribune
as having obtained from his Egyptian guide.
" It was said she was formed in beauty's mould with clay let
down from heaven and to Adam joined on the side by a hgament
like the Siamese twins, but that they quarrelled, so that the Lord
cut them in twain with a flaming sword, and Lilith with her
daughter, the fair Zelinda, wandered off to the land of Nod,
where later on she became a witch-cat, while in the meantime
Cain, as is mentioned in the Scriptures, went out into the land of
Nod and took a wife — namely, Lilith's daughter.
" In regard to Eve, Adam's second wife, the legend states that
a short time thereafter a pimple grew on Adam's leg, which at-
tained a very great size, and one day, when he scratched it, out
popped Eve, who quickly grew to womanhood and was married to
Adam. In the meantime the devil was watching proceedings, and
asked Eve if she knew that Adam had had another wife, and she
replied that she suspected that her husband had not told her about
his past life. Then the devil asked her if she would like to get
even with him and she replied in the affirmative. Then he told
her to go into the garden and pick some of the grain which the
Lord told them they should not eat and give it to Adam, which
she did, and when they, as the Bible states, fell from their high
estate and were banished from the garden the Lord gave Eve a
couple of cats to comfort her in her affliction.
" Later on it is said that these cats were the ones which Noah
intended to take in the ark, but his wife, the unbeheving Norida,
who hated cats, protested against it. However, he insisted, and
as they were walking up the gangplank his wife suddenly pulled
it in and threw them down into the water, which was boiling hot,
April, 1917 'Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 9
and the cats were thus destroyed. But after the ark had been at
sea a few weeks the rats and mice began to eat the grain, and
Noah prayed for help, when the Lord caused the Hon, which lay
sick with a fever, to sneeze from out its nostrils a pair of cats,
which soon destroyed the rodents, thus making them the most
popular animals aboard the ship.
"Furthermore, when they landed on Mount Ararat and started
with the other animals to travel to the Plains of Shihar the cats
were given the head of the procession, and when they arrived
there, and the people were building the Tower of Babel and the
Lord confused their tongues, the voice of the cat, which hereto-
fore had been sweet and melodious, was changed into its present
raucous caterwauling."
A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LILITH.
By a. S. Freidus, New York Public Library.
Long before Lilith entered the field of Jewish folk-lore she
was a prominent figure in Assyro-Babylonian demonology. The
etymology of the name given in the Encyclopaedia Britannica:
" Hebrew, lilatu, night " should have " Assyrian " substituted for
" Hebrew."
In order adequately to follow Lilith's long career through the
ages, from the dawn of religious belief to the present day, the
following three principal lines of study suggest themselves :
1. Lilith in Babylonia, her home-land.
2. Lilith among the Jews.
3. Lilith in modern literature.
I. The Original Lilith of Babylonia.
To acquaint oneself with the role played by Lilith in ancient
Babylonia, one should turn to the works of Reginald Campbell
Thompson, formerly assistant professor of Semitic lagnuages at
the University of Chicago, now residing at Oxford, England.
Although a comparatively young man, he is the most prominent
writer on the demonology of the Babylonians ; he gives in his
10 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
writings due prominence to the activities of Lilith; and he does
not neglect to give the necessary references to the literature of
his subject. He has written: The devils and evil spirits of Baby-
lonia, being Babylonian and Assyrian incantations, London, 1903-
1904, 2 V. ; Semitic magic, its origin and development, London,
1908; and the Assyro-Babylonian part of the composite article
" Demons and spirits " in James Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Re-
ligion and Ethics, v. 4, 1912. He is now engaged in writing a
book on Semitic mythology, which is to form v. 5 of " The My-
thology of all Races," now being published in Boston under the
editorship of Louis H. Gray.
In connection with this it may be said that the above-mentioned
article in the Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics relating to the
demonology of the various nations, written by several specialists,
and comprising over seventy quarto pages, contains a mass of
material too valuable to be overlooked by any student of the
subject..
2. Lilith among the Jews.
This includes the study of the passage in the Book of Isaiah
XXXIV, 14, the numerous passages in the Talmud and the Mid-
rashim, the Kabbalah, the various superstitions, and especially
the amulets, that have survived to the present day.
On the Jewish side the most prominent writer in this line is
the Hungarian scholar, Ludwig Blau. He is the Rector of the
Jewish Theological Seminary at Budapest, the president of the
folk-lore section of the Jewish-Hungarian Literary Society, and
the author of a German work on Jewish magic ("Das altjiidische
Zauberwesen," Strassburg, 1898). He has written the article
"Lilith" in the Jewish Encyclopaedia (v. 8, 1904) as well as the
cognate articles : " Abraxas," " Amulets," " Augury," " Death,
Angel of," "Exorcism," "Incantation," "Liver," "Magic,"
" Metatron," " Necromancy," " Samael," " Sandalfon," " Sa-
tan," and " Shi'ur Komah." (Compare also the following ar-
ticles, written by other writers in the same work : " Asmodeus,"
"Azazel," " Bibliomancy," "Childbirth," "Demonology," "Div-
ination," "Folklore," "Superstition," and "Witchcraft.") Com-
pare Joseph Jacobs's " The Jewish Encyclopedia : a guide to its
April, I9I7 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 11
contents, an aid to its use," New York, 1910, "Mysticism"
(p. 72-75) . The articles " Childbirth " and " Amulets " in a way
supplement the article " Lilith," as it is at childbirth that she dis-
plays her most pernicious activity, and many of the amulets are
worn as a protection against her evil machinations at all times,
but at childbirth especially. Women in that condition are ex-
posed to attacks from many quarters. According to the Rabbis
of the Talmud women die in childbirth to atone for' their neglect
of certain religious duties, the heavenly authorities taking advan-
tage of that dangerous period and using it against the delinquents
as a day of reckoning (Sabbath 32a). In all these articles the
principal passages of the Talmud and the Midrashim, and some-
times also those from the Kabbalah, relevant to the respective
subjects, are referred to, if not cited in full; whilst the references
appended at the end indicate the studies of modern Hebraists and
folklorists relating to the same topics. These references may
serve as a nucleus for the desired bibhography of the subject.
The following few additional titles are offered as a contribu-
tion to the same :
Baring-Gould, Sabine. Legends of Old Testament Characters. London,
1871, p. 20.
Ben Jehuda, Eliezer. Millon ha-Lashon ha-Ibrit, v. 5, p. 2671-72 [proof
sheets, 1915, in possession of the author.]
Briick, Moses. Vom Amulette bei einer Woechnerin. (In his Rabinische
Ceremonialgebraeuche. Breslau, 1837, p. 50-55)
Cheyne, Thomas Kelly. The Prophecies of Isaiah. 5th ed. N. Y., 1892,
V. I, p. 197-198.
Conway, Moncure Daniel. Lilith. (In his Demonology and Devil-lore.
New York, 1879, v. 2, chapter IX.)
Ginzberg, Louis. The Legends of the Jews, v. i, p. 65-66. Philadelphia,
1909.
Griinbaum, Max. Gesammelte Aufsatze zur Sprach- und Sagenkunde.
Berlin, 1901, p. 94-95.
Hundt von Radowsky, Hartwig. Die Judenschule. London, 1823, Buch
I, p. 121-123.
Krauss, Samuel. Victor Hugo. (Deborah, hrsg. von G. Deutsch, v. 2, p.
81-83. Cincinnati, 1902.)
Levi, Israel. Lilit et Lilin. (Revue des Etudes juives, v. 6&, p. 5-21.
Paris, 1914.)
M'Clintock & Strong. Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesi-
astical Literature, v. 9. N. Y., 1880, s. v. Screech-owl.)
12 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
Montgomery, James Allan. Aramaic Incantation Texts from Nippur.
Phila., 1913.
Myer, Isaac. Qabbalah. Phila., 1888.
Natursagen. Hrsg. von Oskar Dahnhardt, Bd. i, Sagen zum Alten Testa-
ment. Leipz., 1907.
Notes and Queries. 6 ser., v. 8, p. 248, 296, 354; v. 9, p. 5, 177. London,
1883^1884.
Stejielin, John Peter. The Traditions of the Jews, v. 2. London, 1742.
Waite, Arthur Edward. The Doctrine and Literature of the Kabbalah.
London, 1902.
The Secret Doctrine in Israel : a Study of the Zohar and its Connec-
tions. London, 1913.
Waldaur, Adolf. Lilith. (Popilar-wissenschaftHche Monatsblatter, hrsg.
von Adolf Briill, v. 6, p. 248-250. Frankfurt a. M., r886.
3. Lilith in Modern Literature.
It may be interesting bibliographically to find out to what ex-
tent this legend was known among Occidentals and how much
use was made of it in modern literature. Such a compilation
may be an interesting piece of work, especially since no attempt
seems ever to have been made in this direction.
The following are a few examples of poetic renderings of the
legend or of casual references to it:
Burton, Robert. Anatomy of Melancholy, 1621, first partition, section 2,
member i, subsection 2. A digression on the nature of spirits.
Goethe. Faust, 1808, Walpurgisnacht, at the end. Compare Bayard Tay-
lor's translation, note 141. The passage is also found in Shelley's
Scenes from the Faust of Goethe.
Belloy, Marquis Auguste de. Lilith, poeme. 1885. (Not in the New
York Public Library. There is an account of it in Larousse.)
Longfellow. Christus : a Mystery. Part I, The Divine Tragedy. The
second Passover. (In his Poetical Works, Riverside edition, v. 5.)
Rossetti, Dante Gabriel. Lilith. [A sonnet, and a picture.] Compare
Lafacadio Hearn, Appreciations of poetry. New York, 1916, p. 97-98.
Rosetti also refers to Lilith in his poem Eden Bower.
Browning, Robert. Adam, Lilith, and Eve. [A poem.] (In his Joco-
seria, 1883.) Also refers to Lilith in his poem "Two camels."
Collier, Ada Langworthy. Lilith: The Legend of the First Woman. [A
poem.] Boston, 1885.
Perez, Isaac Loeb. Monisch. [A ballad in Yiddish.] 1888 (in his
Schriften).
Jehoash. Die geganwete Callah. [A ballad in Yiddish.] (In his Ge-
sammelte Lieder. New York, 1907, p. 80-82.)
Aprii 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 13
Die bose Chaliastre. [A ballad in Yiddish.] 1908. (In his Neue
Schriften, v. I, page 68-71. New York, 1910.)
A few works of imaginative literature relating to modern life
in which the heroine is named Lilith to indicate her partaking
more or less of the characteristics of the original mystical per-
sonage.
Burr, Amelia Josephine. Lilith. [A poem.] (Scribner's Magazine, v.
47, p. 588. New York, 1910.)
Cahan, Jacob. Lilith. [A poem in Hebrew.] (In his Shirim. Odessa,
1913, p. 98-99-)
Catherwood, Mary Hartwell. Lilith. [A story. Illustrated.] (Lippin-
cott's Magazine, v. 27. Philadelphia, 1881.)
Clemens, S. L. (Mark Twain). Eve's Diary. Extracts from Adam's
Diary. New York, 1914.
Corelli, Marie. The Soul of Lilith. 3 v. London, 1892.
France, Anatole. La fille de Lilith. [A story.] (In his Balthasar, Paris,
1889. loth edition. Paris, 1901.)
• The Daughter of Lilith. [A story.] (In his Balthasar. A transla-
tion by Mrs. John Lane. London, 1909, p. 57-78.)
German, Juliusz. Lilith. [A symbolic play in Polish, in three acts and
in verse.] Lwow, 1905.
Ginzburg, Pesach. Lilith. [A poem in Hebrew.] (Ha-Shiloah, v. 30, p.
342. Odessa, 1914.)
Keats, John. Lamia. 1819. "Lamia" is used as the equivalent of the
Hebrew word "Lilith" (Isaiah xxxiv, 14), both by Symmachus in his
Greek translation and by St. Jerome in his Latin translation.
Kurz, Isolde. Die Kinder der Lilith. Ein Gedicht. Stuttgart, 1908.
Macdonald, George. Lilith, a Romance. New York, 1895.
Pollock, Walter Herris. Lilith. [A story.] (Temple Bar, v. 43. Lon-
don, 1874-1875.)
Wedde, Johannes. LiHth. Gesaenge. Hamburg, 1910.
Wilcox, Ella Wheeler. The Birth of Jealousy. [A poem.] In her world
voices. New York, 1916, p. no.
PREDACEOUS HABIT IN MADETERUS AND PSILOPA
(DIPT.).
By J. R. Malloch, Urbana, 111.
The larvae of Madeterus^ have long been known as predaceous
enemies of other insect larvae, and though I have long suspected
14 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
that the imagines have also the predaceous habit I was unable
until July of last year to verify that suspicion. I can now record
the fact that flies of this genus feed upon small insects, having
taken a specimen in the act of devouring a male Forcipomyia
(Ceratopogonidas) ,
The species of P silo pa frequent foliage and are not uncommon
upon flowers, especially milkweed, and I had not strongly sus-
pected them of predacity. I observed this year one specimen
suddenly attacked a small insect which it just as suddenly dropped.
Examination proved the discarded prey to belong to the Thysan-
optera and probably to be the common Thrips occurring on dan-
delion. I do not know why the insect was dropped but presume
it was distasteful to the predator. In this connection it may be
pertinent to mention that I have seen Scatophaga furcata pounce
on and instantly discard specimens of Anthocoris, a bug having a
most disagreeable odor. The small Thrips above mentioned is
able to bite persons, as I know from experience.
THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF EUCHRYSIA.
FEMALES.
By a. a. Girault^ Glenndale, Md.
Based on the types.
Propodeum with a broad median area which is rugulose (distinctly
more coarsely sO' in similis; not so in maculipennis) , terminates
in a line of large foveae distad and which is distinctly wider than
the scaly space between it and the lateral carina. Head and thorax
densely, closely punctate, the abdomen finely scaly, segment 2
glabrous.
I. Wings hyaline or subhyaline. Postmarginal vein longer than the mar-
ginal.
Antennas black with funicles 2-5 reddish brown; cephalic femora
slightly swollen. Wings hyaline. Antennae about as in similis.
hyalinipennis Ashmead.
II. Wings with a large, ovate fuscous blotch from the marginal vein or
uniformly infuscated from the base of the marginal vein to the
apex.
Wings infuscated from the base of the marginal vein to apex.
Postmarginal vein longer than the marginal.
April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 15
Antennae all black; cephalic femora much swollen. Funicle
joints unequal, 2 largest, twice longer than wide, the club
apparently 4-jointed with a lateral terminal spine which is
curved at apex and hairy similis new species.
Wings with a large, ovate fuscous area against the marginal vein.
Postmarginal vein distinctly shorter than the marginal.
Funicle joints all wider than long, widening distad; club
solid, obliquely truncate, with no terminal spine. Segment
2 of abdomen occupying over a third of the surface. Man-
dibles tridentate. Cephalic femora a little swollen. Pro-
podeum tricarinate at the meson, the space occupied by the
carinse barely wider than the space between them and the
lateral carina (male) maciilipennis Ashmead.
Euchrysia similis Girault. Female : — Like hyalinipennis except as de-
scribed above. One ? in the U. S. Nat. Museum from Lawrence, Kan.,
June 18, i8g6 (Hugo Kahl).
Type. — Catalogue No. 20,464, U. S. N. M., the specimen
minutien-mounted, a fore and hind leg and an antenna on a slide
with the type appendages of hyalimpennis.
THE ELEVENTH PLEOCOMA.
By H. C. Fall, Pasadena, Cal.
Pleocoma badia n. sp. — Form robust, nearly as in fimbriata and conjun-
gens; color brown both above and beneath, hairs of under surface yel-
lowish brown. Antennae with the third joint elongate, fourth either with
a short lamellate process or merely angulate, fifth to eleventh with long
lamellae, that of the fifth joint distinctly shorter than those following.
Clypeus deeply notched, vertical horn emarginate at tip. Prothorax twice
as wide as long, form as in conjungens, antero-medial area flattened and
medially impressed or concave, surface finely, rather sparsely punctate, the
flattened and impressed area conspicuously more coarsely and densely so
and with numerous long hairs anteriorly. Elytra still more finely and
sparsely punctate than the prothorax, the geminate lines only feebly
defined.
Length 26-28.5 mm., width 14.5-15 mm.
Described from three males given me by my young friend
Alonzo Davis, of Pasadena, who took them December 19, 1914,
at an elevation of about 3,000 feet on the Mt. Wilson trail (So.
Cal.), and who has recently published an account of their capture
in this Bulletin (February, 1916).
16 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
At the time of receiving the specimens, a brief reference to
Horn's synoptic table showed clearly that the only possible previ-
ously described species to which they could be referred was con-
jungens Horn. A difference of some four hundred miles in habi-
tat is practically a guarantee of specific distinctness in this genus,
but as conjungens was not represented in my collection I thought
best to wait until I could compare with the type of the latter be-
fore going further. This I had the satisfaction of doing this
past summer, and although the two forms are closely allied, I
believe them to be quite distinct. As for the differences : First
of all, conjungens is a black species, and badia is brown. All three
examples of the latter are alike, and the color is in no way due
to immaturity. Badia is sensibly larger — length 26-28.5 mm.,
conjungens 23 mm. The antennae are of the same type, but the
lamella of the fifth joint is nearly as long as those immediately
following in conjungens, distinctly shorter in badia. In badia the
thorax is hairy at the middle in front, in conjugens it is entirely
destitute of hairs. The punctures of the flattened and impressed
antero-medial area are more conspicuously coarser than those of
the rest of the surface in badia, and the geminate striae of the
elytra are feebly defined ; in conjungens the geminate striae are
quite distinct.
It is of interest to note that the point on the Mt. Wilson trail
where badia was found is scarcely five miles west of the little
caiion in which P. australis was discovered a few years ago.
These two species by their antennal differences belong to different
sections of the genus.
SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ARTHROMACRA.
By Charles W. Leng, West New Brighton, N. Y.
In the fall of 1915, Mr. Wm. T. Davis and I spent a week in
Washington, making daily visits to the U. S. National Museum
and learning more from our intercourse with Mr. E. A. Schwarz
and Mr. H. S. Barber than can readily be prepared for publica-
tion. The following remarks will however record one of the
subjects that was thus brought out.
April 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 17
In consequence of the description of Arthromacra robinsoni^
Mr. Schwarz called my attention to certain specimens in the U.
S. National Museum remarkable for their vestiture of long thin
hairs, collected by the late Hugo Soltau at Nashville, Tenn.,
which evidently represent a new species. In searching for addi-
tional material I found one more of the Nashville specimens in
the Joutel collection, and representatives of still another new
species in the American Museum, collected by Wm. Beutenmiiller
in the mountains of North Carolina. The remarkable elongation
of the last joint of the male antennae, characteristic of the
Lagriidse, is to be seen in these new species, varying in degree
with each as in the species of the allied genus Statira; and varia-
tions in color, in the punctuation of the pronotum, and in the
relative length and width accompany the more obvious characters
first mentioned. It is interesting to note that the genus Artho-
inacra, widely distributed and known in our northern regions by
the species aenea should have three species and two varieties near
its southern limit as shown by the following synopsis.
Synopsis of the Species of Arthromacra.
Upper surface glabrous.
Thorax distantly punctate; color brilliant green; last joint antennae 3
as long as six preceding joints combined; 11 mm.; Va robinsoni.
Thorax confluently punctate; color aeneous bronzed; last joint antennae
(S as long as three preceding joints combined; 12-14 mm.; N. E. U. S.
and Can. aenea.
Elytra with a few long, thin hairs.
Thorax coarsely, confluently punctate; color bright green above, ab-
domen bronzed, tibiae and tarsi testaceous; antennae J' unknown; lo-ii
mm. ; Mts. of Va. and N. C. appalachiana.
Upper surface of thorax and elytra clothed with long, thin hairs.
Thorax coarsely punctate; color greenish or greenish coppery bronzed;
abdomen darker, tibiae and tarsi pale; last joint antennae 3 as long as
five preceding joints combined; 11-12 mm.; Tenn. pilosella.
A. ROBINSONI Leng, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XXII, 1914, p. 285, fig. a, b.
Since recent studies have disclosed the presence of elytral hairs
in two species of the genus I have reexamined my series of
robinsoni and find in some specimens a few hairs near the apex
of the elytra, not enough to cause any confusion with appalach-
1 Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc, XXII, 1914, p. 285.
18 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
iana. The latter moreover differs in the closer punctuation of
the pronotum as well as in the male antennae.
A. AENEA Say. Lang's Exped., 11, 1824, p. 287; Horn, Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc, XV, 1888, p. 28; Blatchley, Beetles of Indiana, 1910, p. 1284.
fdonacioides Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am., IV, 1837, p. 239.
var. glabricollis Blatchley, 1. c, p. 1285, fig. 570.
var. rugosecollis Leng, 1. c, p. 287.
This species extends over Canada and our northern states
from the Atlantic region to Minnesota and, in the mountains, it
reaches Georgia. The thorax becomes less rugose in the variety
glabricollis, described from Indiana, to which I refer with some
doubt a specimen in the U. S. Nat. Mus. from Missouri, in which
the legs are entirely red. Further collections from that region
may show this to be representative of still another variety. In
the variety rugosecollis, described from the mountains of Georgia,
the greatest length, as well as the greatest development of the
transverse rugae of the pronotum, is attained.
A. appalachiana n. sp.
Slender, parallel, slightly broader behind, shining green above,
darker green beneath, abdomen bronzed, antennae, tibiae and tarsi
testaceous. Antennae 5 with the last joint as long as the three
preceding joints combined {(^ unknown) ; head coarsely, con-
fluently punctate, thorax similarly punctate, both glabrous ; elytra
also coarsely, confluently punctate and with a few long, black,
hairs. Beneath the surface is nearly impunctate, shining, except
the closely punctate sidepieces of mesosternum.
•Length, 10, to 11 mm.
Type in U. S. N. M. collection from Pennington Gap, Va.,
June 30 (Hubbard and Schwarz). Other specimens collected by
Wm. Beutenmiiller, Graybeard Mt., N. C., June 25, and Black
Mts., N. C., June 20, are in Am. Mus. Coll. and my own.
A. pilosella n. sp.
Elongate, subcylindrical, slightly broader behind, greenish or
greenish coppery bronzed, shining, antennae, tibiae and tarsi pale
testaceous, abdomen dark bronzed. Upper surface of thorax and
elytra clothed with long thin, dark hairs. Head and thorax
coarsely punctate, punctures somewhat irregular towards base of
Ap-ril, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 19
thorax, elytra rugosely confluently punctate, body beneath equally
shining, coarsely punctate, except abdomen, and thorax beneath.
Antennae J* with last joint about as long as the five preceding
joints combined; $ with last joint about as long as the three
preceding joints combined.
Length, 11 to 12 mm.
Types in U. S. N. M. collected at Nashville, Tenn., June
20 (H. Soltau) ; other specimens from the same locality and from
Frankfort, Ky., May 7 (H. Soltau), are in the U. S. N. M., the
Am. Mus. N. H., and my own collection.
A NEW SPECIES OF TINGID FROM NEW YORK.
By J. R. DE LA Torre Bueno, White Plains, N. Y.
Corythaica is a genus described by Stal to contain Tingis
monacha, from Rio Janeiro, Brazil, described by him in i860.
At present it contains several species, all from tropical or sub-
tropical regions. Van Duzee does not record any species from
the United States, and it is interesting to present one from as
far North as New York.
Corythaica bellula, n. sp. Hood curving downward over head, white
with black keel down the middle, flanked by a single row of cells on each
side, becoming two posteriorly; broad and rounded posteriorly; nervures
dark (brown to black) ; keel of hood continuous with median keel of
thorax, which is higher. Eyes globose, black. Antennas thin, not as long
as head and prothorax together; joint 3 longest, thinnest; joint 4 next in
length, stoutest, fusiform, thickly set with setae; joint i and 2 shortest,
I stouter and longer than 2, nearly as stout as joint 4. Rostral groove
closed anteriorly, walls interrupted at anterior coxae, widest at posterior.
Rostrum reaching posterior coxse; joint I not visible, 2 longest, thin; 3
and 4 stoutest, subequal, apparently somewhat flattened, 4 black toward tip.
Prothorax tumid anteriorly, produced in a point posteriorly and covering
scutellum, tricarinate, carinse nearly parallel, median slightly higher; a
median transverse groove before the middle; deeply punctured, punctures
merging into cells in the posterior flattened part; explanate lateral margin
extending from the anterior two-thirds of thorax, narrow, much reflexed,
nearly erect, with a single row of areoles, white, nervures concolorous.
Pleurse reticulated to coxae. Legs of nearly equal length, all femora
slightly incrassate, tibis slender, both unarmed ; coxae large, globose.
20 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
Hemelytra (in macropterous) extending much beyond abdomen, costal
membrane narrow, single-celled, cells growing larger posteriorly and
merging into membrane. Costal area long, narrowing posteriorly, cells
small, growing larger posteriorly and merging into membrane, nervures
dark; discoidal area narrow apically, rounded posteriorly and meeting
costal in an elevated suture, two fifths as long as the costal area from the
insertion of the wings. Membrane long, extending from anterior ex-
tremity of wing to the apex, where it merges into the costal membrane
and the costal area; discal cells small, marginal large, growing larger
posteriorly; all reticulations more or less infuscate, except discal cells. A
membrane extends downward from the hemelytra one cell deep around
the abdomen and conforms to its outline.
Abdomen broadest at the second and third segments, tapering to a
rounded extremity. Male genital segment blunt, as long as the 2 preceding
segments together and provided with stout hooks; female segment nar-
rower and with a median keel. Long., 2.2 mm. ; lat., .9 mm.
The brachypterous form dififers notably in size and shape, being not
more than two thirds the length of the macropterous, the prothorax much
reduced and flattened ; the membrane is nearly absent and narrow ; the
general shape is oval ; the hemelytral reticulations are also much smaller.
In other particulars it conforms to the macropterous. Long., .1.9 mm.;
lat., .9 mm.
While colors have been given in the body of this description it is in
general terms; the general coloration ranges from a light grey, nearly
white, through darker grey, and brownish to nearly black.
Type : Macropterous female, White Plains, June 26, 1910. Morphotype :
Brachypterous male, same locality, Sept. 25, 1909. Paratypes : Six macrop-
terous females, same locality, four same date as type, one Sept. 25, 1909,
one June 30, 1912. Six brachypterous females, and six males, same dates
as above, except one, Sept. 19, 1909.
This species has been taken in one place only, a sloping grassy
meadow, going up from a rich marshy swale in a field, among
fine low grasses much intermingled with moss, by sweeping close
tQ the ground. On one occasion (June 26), some 150 were taken
by Mr. C. E. Olsen and myself. The short and long-winged
occur together, with the former greatly preponderating. The
period of greatest abundance is apparently in June, but they have
been taken in April, May, June, July, August and September.
April, I9I7 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 21
CONCERNING GERRIS REMIGIS SAY.
By Chris. E. Oslen, Maspeth, L. I.
April 4 at Alpine, N. J., I collected seven specimens of this
species for breeding. They fed readily on spiders of the family
Theridiidse, the only food I could get at the time. Later I tried
a species of Drassidse, but it was too powerful. The Gerris
abandoned the attack and allowed the prey to escape. First
copulation was observed April ii among the four survivors,
three having drowned.. Four had gone to the bottom of the jar
containing them. I laid one on a blotter to be pinned. A few
hours later I found it moving its legs feebly. When it recovered
I put it back in the aquarium. After a square meal it seemed
as vigorous as ever.
Copulation was a sort of continuous process. April 19 I dis-
covered five eggs on the side of the aquarium ; next day two
more deposited on a straw. The eggs were placed in a separate
vessels for observation. The first young emerged in seventeen
days, imperfectly developed, unable to expand, and it died next
day by drowning. The next hatched May 8, and next day had
its first meal, a Drosophila ampelophila, of which I had bred
numbers for feeding. It was very amusing to watch the Gerris
attack the prey much larger than itself. It would jump around
from side to side, apparently looking for the best place for attack.
It finally landed quickly as eye could follow, jumped away with
equal rapidity, repeating a number of times, inserting its beak
each time, the fly becoming weaker and finally offering no
resistance.
May 15 first cast skin found floating. May 22 the second;
and food hereafter was a small microlepidopteron. May 31
third exuvia; June 9 fourth; June 24 fifth and a perfect imago,
wingless of wingless parents.
22 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
NOTES ON LUCANID^.
By John W. Angell, New York.
Pseudolucanus mazama var. nov. bicostatus: Differs from the
typical form of mazama by the more elongate elytra, which are
markedly costate, the two costas being broad and rather flat. The
narrow form of bicostatus at once distinguishes this variety from
others which show faint indications of costse. Type one male in
my collection given to me by Mr. R. P. Dow, from Ft. Wingate,
N. M. (John Woodgate collector). Length 30 mm.
Platycerus pedicillaris vs. thoracicus: In Memoirs of the Cole-
optera, V, p. 374, Col. Thos. L. Casey says : " After carefully
reading the description of (P.) pedicellaris Mollenkamp, de-
scribed from California (Ent. Zeit., V, 191 1, p. 304), I am unable
to find any notable difference between it and P. thoracicus Csy.
It is highly probable, therefore, that it is . a synonym of that
species."
In this connection I should say that I have in my cabinet one
of the original cotypes of P. pedicellaris Mollenkamp, sent to me
by F. W. Nunenmacher, the collector, and two specimens of P.
thoracicus, identified by Col. Casey himself, and the difference is
very marked. Thoracicus is finely punctured, flat in body, and
easily discernable as a member of the quercus group; while P.
pedicellaris has elytra coarsely striate and is much stouter in
body, resembling in general appearance P. keeni Csy. This, I
think, indicates specific distinctness.
LIVING PUP^ FOR SALE.
The sale of Saturniid cocoons collected by members of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society, proceeds to go to its publication
fund, insures that during the coming season experiments in
hybridism and other biological research will be greater than ever
before.
We can still supply cecropia and cynthia in unlimited quanti-
April 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 23
ties at one cent each, postage to be added on small orders. As
these species are easily controlled and have the largest imagines,
they are particularly recommended for experiments.
We have only a few io and polypheinus left, at 5 and 4 cents
respectively. By keeping pupae cool, hatching can be controlled
well into May. Address all correspondence to
R. P. Dow, Editor,
15 Broad St., N. Y. City.
OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA
FLORIDA Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells,
and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla.
WANTED. — No. Am. Cerambycidse and Buprestidse, especially Agrilus;
will collect insects of any order in this locality for exchanges in above
families. ,C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass.
THE UNDERSIGNED will greatly appreciate receiving records of
New Jersey species not listed in Smith's Insects of New Jersey. — Harry
B. Weiss, 242 Raritan Ave., New Brunswick, N. J.
FINE SPECIMENS of the large Mantis, Paratenodera sinensis, col-
lected at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., offered in exchange for North
American Lepidoptera. — Philip Laurent, 31 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadel-
phia, Pa.
I COLLECT for cash local Insects in all Orders. Printed price list of
nearly 1,000 species Coleoptera in Henshaw Nos. A. H. Manee, Southern
Pines, N. C.
WANTED. — North American Orthoptera from localities which are little
known or in which but little collecting has been done. Material from the
mountainous regions of the West particularly desired. M. Hebard, Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. •
WANTED. — Sphingidse from any part of the world. Will purchase or
exchange. B. Preston Clark, 55 Kilby St., Room 35, Boston, Mass.
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localities in North America. J. W. Angell, 532 Wales Ave., New York
City.
FOR SALE at low prices. — A large number of species of Colombian
Lepidoptera, perfect and seconds. Also Canadian species. H. S. Parish,
81 Robert St., Toronto, Can.
24 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
WANTED for cash. — Ova of Catocalae with or without parent moth.
Address George J. Keller, 191 Avon Ave., Newark, N. J.
FOR SALE, or EXCHANGE for perfect copies of scarce postage
stamps, a collection of Palsearctic Geometridse in finest condition, properly
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Reiff, 366 Arborway, Jamaica Plain, Mass.
WANTED. — Imagos of Saperda Candida, Pholus pandorus, all stages
of Macrodactylus subspinosus except imagos, and other material of eco-
nomic importance. Ward's Natural Science Establishement, 84 College
Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
WANTED.— All kinds of material for Life Histories. Lepidoptera,
Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, etc., etc. Herman H. Brehme, 74 13th
Avenue, Newark, N. J.
WANTED. — Transactions American Entomological Society, Vol. IV;
Proc. U. S. Natl. Museum, Vol. X, pp. 335-337; Vol. XI, pp. 481-525,
Vol. XII, pp. 455-496. Howard L. Clark, Box 1142, Providence, R. I.
FOR SALE.— Entomological News, Vols. XV to XX, inclusive, un-
bound, at subscription price, six vols., $6. Geo. P. Engelhardt, Museum,
Brooklyn, N. Y.
WILL EXCHANGE local butterflies for other Lepidoptera. Fred King,
1588 Crites St., Los Angeles, Cal.
WANTED.— Lintner's Injurious Insects, 1886 and 1887 (Rep. 3 and 4)-
N. Y. Park Rep. 1873-1896. Jour. Appl. Microscopy, I''. Monthly Bui.
CaHf. Com. Hort., is-io; ns-s . jys^ Send stamp for list of pubHcations
for sale or exchange. Philip Dowell, Port Richmond, N. Y.
BARGAIN. — Splendid collection of Lepidoptera (about 1,500 specimens),
from all parts of the world ; mostly in Denton's patent tablets ; oak case ;
suitable gift for school, institution or collector; $150, value $500. — Wim-
THE BROOKLYN
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Meetings are held on the second Thursday after the first
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OFFICERS, 1916
President
W. T. BATHER
Vice-President
WILLIAM T. DAVIS
Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
Recording Secretary
J. R. DE LA TORRE-BUENO
Treasurer
C. E. OLSEN
Librarian
ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS
Curator
GEORGE FRANCK
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Vol. XII
APRIL, 1917
No. 2
BULLETIN
OF THE
Brooklyn Entomological
Society
NEW SERIES '. <$■ \
MAY 19 ■■^'
t!'^'onal ffju^i^
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
CHARLES SCHAEFFER,
Chairman
|. R. de la TORRE-BUENO,
Advertising Manager
ROBERT P. DOWi
Editor
Published by the Society
Price, 25 cento Subscription, $1.00 pet year (five issues)
CONTENTS.
EXPERIENCES OF A COLLECTOR, Slosson 25
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON COLEOPTERA, Chapin 29
A NEW SERICOTHRIPS (THYSANOPTERA) FROM AFRICA,
Hood 32
SYNCHLORA AVIDARIA N. SP., Pearsall 34
A KEY TO THE NORTH AMERICAN GENERA OF CCENO-
SIINyE, Malloch 35
^, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ANTHOMYIIDJE, Malloch 37
NOTES ON A FEW EUCNEMID^ AND DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEW ELATERIDiE, Schaefifer 39
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY 45
■ V
MAY
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Vol. XII April, 1917 No. 2
EXPERIENCES OF A COLLECTOR.
By Annie Trumbull Slosson.
Some time ago I wrote, for a religious weekly, an article
entitled Human Nature Study. In it I told of various experi-
ences of my own in botanical and entomological collecting. I
received many letters after its publication asking if it was truth
or fiction and expressing surprise that any one in our enlightened
age could show such ignorance as I spoke of encountering. But
I am confident that the audience I address now will believe all
that I may say on this subject. They have "been there":
I am, as most of you know, an old woman, though still an
enthusiastic and strenuous collector. So as I tramp over hill and
plain in rough, appropriate costume, butterfly net in hand, poison
bottles hanging at my leather belt, with big bag, holding knife,
forceps and other essentials, I suppose I am an odd looking char-
acter to the average passerby. So I make allowances and am
rarely stirred to anger even by rude or discourteous questions or
remarks. For many years I was more interested in botany than
in any other branch of natural history and met with many amus-
ing experiences in that kind of collecting. But this is not the
place for them, and I will confine myself to the bug adventures.
Every one of you insect collectors has been asked again and
again as to what one might call the lucrativeness of your pursuit.
" How much are you paid for your work ? " " What firm do you
work for?" "What will you pay me to help-you?" These are
questions familiar to every collector. That one can walk miles
over rough roads, climb rugged heights, stand for hours in mud
or water, blister one's hands stripping bark from trees or turn-
26 BiiUetin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
ing big stones and this ivithout pay, does seem hard to believe, I
admit it. For these questioners know nothing of our real earn-
ings, our full reward for all pains and exertions. The question
most often asked, in one form or another, is zvhy we do these
things. And it is so hard to explain that why in a way they can
comprehend. Often I find, after I have made what I think is a
plain, lucid explanation of an entomologist's aim, that I have
utterly failed to give the listener the faintest idea of it all.
" How many insects have you at home yourself ? " asked a
sweet faced old lady who joined me one day on a wooded road
in Vermont. And when I told her there were thousands in my
collection she exclaimed — " How do you ever feed them all ? "
And I found she thought they were all kept alive as pets or com-
panions. Yet she herself was of more than ordinary intelligence
and knew so many, many things I had no knowledge of. For
she told me in what year the first missionary was sent to Africa
and added many details as to his own and later missionaries' work
and success. She talked of the different religious denominations
in Vermont and had statistics concerning the comparative num-
bers of Baptists, Methodists and Congregationalists at her
tongue's end. And she was fully as ardent and enthusiastic in
this field as I in my small sphere of interest. Surely, as St. Paul
says, "There are diversities of gifts, but the same spirit." I am
often asked, in my wanderings, if I am employed by government
to do this thing. At a summer resort, where I have been year
after year of late, I find it is generally thought by the waiters
and other employes of the hotel that I am in the employ of the
state government, with a large salary. In vain I deny this — they
only think I am guarding a state secret. A very intelligent
woman in the south, after watching me night after night captur-
ing moths at the electric lights, said to me very courteously, " I
think now I understand your purpose in this. You are trying to
see if you can find two of these night-flyers exactly alike. It is
like trying, as I used when a child, to match two leaves of ribbon-
grass." I afterwards learned that the woman was a teacher. I
hope she does not conduct a nature course. In my frequent visits
to Mt. Washington and my long sojourns on the summit I heard
more strange and uncomplimentary comments upon myself and
April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 27
my doings than I ever heard at a lower level. You who have
been to that delightful spot know how bleak and rugged is its
external appearance and how little suggestion of animal life is
there. A butterfly on that peak would seem to the casual ob-
server or summer tourist an incongruous thing, a miracle. So
each day when the train crept up the mountain, laden with travel-
lers, looking, very often for the first time, upon the strange peak
covered with pile upon pile of huge rocks I, happily and harm-
lessly following my beloved pursuit below the platform, would
hear such remarks as these :
" What in the world is that old woman about ? What's she
got in her hand ? " " Oh, it's a butterfly-net ! Did you ever? "
" She must be crazy. Just think of a butterfly up here. Why
do her folks let her do it ? " " Let's ask in the house about her,
they'll know." They did know and much of our good Miss
Clarke's valuable time was spent in satisfying the curiosity of the
" exertionists," as we call them up there, as to the manners and
customs of the queer character they had seen. The " man with
the hoe " was not half as well known up there as the " woman
with the net." I tell you I know from experience how it feels to
be considered " a rare alpine aberration."
" Come on, Ma," I once heard a sunburned youth say to a
plain, homey old woman as I stood on the platform watching the
tourists filling up the waiting train soon to start for the base.
" Come, the cars is going d'rectly, we must get seats."
" Le'mme alone, John. Seems's if I hadn't seen all the sights
yet. Let's see. I've got 'em writ down here," and she read from
a crumpled scrap of paper : " Printin' office, Lizzie Bourne's grave
stun, the Tip-over House and — there I ain't seen the old bug
woman ! " I did not introduce myself and nobody pointed me
out. So the disappointed sight seer was dragged reluctantly to
the train, her golden opportunity lost. " Excuse me, madam,"
said a tall Southerner of the Colonel Carter type, as he swung his
hat from his head with an elaborate bow, when he met me at the
edge of an orange grove in Florida one April day. " I venture to
address you without an introduction as I see you are a taxi-
dermist." Then, almost before I could recover my breath, quite
lost from the shock of this unjust accusation, he added in a
28 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
trembling voice with a sugg-estion of nearby tears, " my mother-
in-law was one also." Later I found that the said connection by
marriage was a stiidier of ants and their habits. So that her
pursuits and my own were really more alike than if she had
followed taxidermy as her mourning son-in-law had intimated.
The term entomologist does not seem generally understood
throughout good collecting regions. Several times, in New
Hampshire, when I have owned to being one I have found it
understood to mean a member of some religious denomination.
As one very old man in Jackson said when I owned the soft
impeachment, " Well, I dare say, it's a good enough belief, but, as
for me, I'm an old fashioned Hardshell Baptist like my folks
before me and I ain't no use for your new sects." I did not
set the old man right — what was the use ? — ^but left him standing
in the road gazing sadly after me and doubtless wondering how
an intelligent being could accept other creed than that of the
Hardshell Baptists' ! I was once " held up " in a sandy Florida
road by a solemn little girl of nine or ten, and denounced to my
face as a " cruel, wicked woman " for putting to death harmless
insects. I can see her now, as I look back, with her old fashioned,
pale, pinched little face looking into mine, her thin little hand with
uplifted finger being shaken at me, as she called down judgment
upon my head. Did any of you ever try to defend your taking so
many lives when talking with one who thinks it a sort of cruelty-
to-animals pursuit ? I never tried harder than I did that day. I
told the child how painlessly the insects died by my hand; how
short their natural lives were at the best, and how apt they were
to die violent deaths, from storm, attacks of birds, etc. But oh,
the look of scorn on that small face as she listened, and when I
paused she said calmly, " Just talk, talk ! " and I felt smaller
than one of the flea-beetles I had just been capturing. I learned
later that the child's mother was a vegetarian, thought it wicked
to kill or eat any animal or wear its skin, carrying her ideas into
everything and going to violent extremes. Small wonder that
her child should try to do missionary work in the same field.
But I have had many, many pleasant encounters while collect-
ing ; acquaintances, yes, even warm friendships have been formed
through chance meetings on the road, by strearn, or in the woods.
April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29
A courteous question as to my pursuit, an inquiry about a flower
or tree, a sympathetic phrase about nature in one of its varied
forms, such things as these have been the small beginnings of
great things making life broader, happier.
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON COLEOPTERA.
By Edward A. Chapin.*
During the past year several interesting facts in regard to the
feeding habits of various beetles were ascertained and some of
them seem worthy of publication. All observations reported here
were made in the vicinity of Springfield, Mass., during the spring
and summer of 1916.
Late in the winter, a few twigs of Rhus glabra L. were col-
lected and placed in jars in the laboratory. As the object of the
experiment was to obtain clerids, it could not be considered a
great success, as only three specimens of Phyllohaenus dislocatus
Say appeared. This species was reported by Blackman,t from
the twigs of Pinus strohus L. However, the longicorns Liopus
fascicularis Harr. and Psenocerus supernotatus Say were very
plentiful. A mention of the latter species from this plant was
made by Dow.$ The minute ipid, Pityophthorus consimilis Lee.
was also very abundant in the wood, and it is probable that this
species furnishes something toward the food supply of the clerid.
Numerous trips were made to the region along the railroad
where carrion, such as fowls, pigeons, cats, etc., are often found
and careful inspection of the remains usually produced good
results, especially in the families Silphidse, Staphylinidse and
Nitidulidse. An attempt was made to tabulate the relative
abundance of the species of the genus Silpha. For a period of
about three weeks collections of the specimens were made over
a restricted locality. On April 21, only the species incequalis
Fab. and novehoracensis Forst. were to be found but these were
* Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Massachusetts
Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass.
fN. Y. State College of Forestry, Vol. XVI, November, 1915, p. 53.
X Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Vol. XI, p. 20.
30 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
already present in considerable numbers. At the end of the
period the count showed the following species : vS. noveboracensis
and incequalis is about equal numbers, roughly 1400 in all; 15
specimens of surinamensis Fab. had been taken as well as six of
lapponica Hbst. and about 20 americana L. The genus Necro-
phorus was not much in evidence at any time. N. marginatus
Fab. leads the list with 16 specimens, americanus Oliv. following
with two and sayi Lap. and orhicollis Say with one each.
One dermestid, D. talpinus Mann., heretofore reported only as
far east as Indiana* was taken in quite considerable numbers.
Apparently the stock cars serve as the means of dispersal of this
species, as it was not taken elsewhere than along the tracks.
The nearly cleaned skeleton of a gray squirrel, inspected on
June 6, gave, among others, specimens of Prionochceta opaca
Say, a silphid, and, clinging closely to the inside of the skull, was
one specimen of Phenolia grossa Fab., one of our largest niti-
dulids.
Of the flowers that give the collector many forms of Coleoptera,
those of Ceanothus americana L. seem the most prolific, and many
species can be readily taken here although rare on the flowers of
,any other plant. For instance, Mycterus scaber Hald. is quite
common in this region on Ceanothus but I have yet to take it else-
where. The longicorns of the genera Leptura, Strangalia and
Typocerus are always abundant on pleasant days and literally
hoards of the smaller species of Mordellidse can be swept from
the heads of flowers. Occasionally a wanderer appears, as was
the case on July 24, when three specimens of the southern Copi-
dita thoracica Fab. were taken on a single plant. At the end of
the season this proved to be an unique capture. The flowers of
the different species of Viburnum are also good collecting places
and among others, copulating specimens of Molorchus bimaculatus
Say were taken on June 12. Leptura ruficollis Say is also- not
uncommon on the flowers of this shrub. Late in the spring, when
the flowers of the skunk cabbage are past their prime, certain
nitidulids, such as Omosita colon L. and Glischrochilus (Ips)
fasciatus Oliv. are quite abundant in the hoods, apparently feed-
ing on the pollen. The large mountain mint, Pycnanthemum
* Blatchley, Coleoptera of Indiana, 1910.
April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 31
incanum (L.) Michx. proves attractive to Rhipiphorus limbatus
Fab., as well as to certain other forms which however do not
show special preference to the Labiatse.
During the summer eleven species of the family Cleridse were
taken, six species being of the genus Hydnocera Newm. With
their food plants and dates, they are as follows : H. pallipennis
Say (July i6-Sept. 16) on Carya glabra Spach., C. alba K. Koch.,
Juglans cinerea L. and Platanus occidentalis L. ; H. humeralis
Say (Aug. i), H. longicollis Ziegl. (July 15-24), and H. verti-
calis Say (July 16-17), all from Carya glabra Spach., and H.
lecontei Wolc. (June 14-15) was found on Be'tula populifolia
Marsh and Verbascum thapsus L., although this species probably
came from a nearby stand of Carya glabra. Of the other genera
collected, one specimen of Monophylla terminata Say was taken
from Vitis labrusca L. on July 15, and, from Carya glabra, three
specimens of Ellipotoma laticornis Say (July 16-17) and one
specimen of Phyllobcenus dislocatus Say on July 16. Trichodes
nutalli Kirby was found between July 30 and August 4, on the
flowers of Taraxacum officinale Weber, Daucus carota L., Pycn-
anthemum incanum, (L.) Michx., and Chrysanthemum, leucan-
themum L. The remaining species, Necrobia violacea L. was
uncommon under the almost cleared skeletons of hens.
An interesting incident bearing on the instincts of myrmecopil-
ous Coleoptera came under my observation one afternoon while
returning from a collecting trip. A large brown ant (species
unknown) was dragging an apparently dead beetle across a path.
Stooping to pick the pair up for examination, I was much sur-
prised to have the beetle take immediate flight from my hand.
This flight was arrested by the net and the beetle proved to be
the well known myrmecophile, Cremastochilus canaliculatus
Kirby. The abduction by the ant did not disturb the beetle
nearly as much as the outside interference. The most interesting
part of the whole afifair is the fact that the ant was still clinging
to the fore leg by its mandibles. I wonder if the beetle would
have stopped as soon as possible and allowed the ant to resume
the interrupted journey.
32 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
A NEW SERICOTHRIPS (THYSANOPTERA) FROM
AFRICA.
By J. Douglas Hood, U. S. Biological Survey.
The following description of an interesting little species of
thrips taken in Africa by Lieut. Arthur W. Jobbins-Pomeroy of
the Nigeria Regiment has been in manuscript for nearly two years,
and is published at this time, in advance of a more extensive paper
on the species of the same region, for the reason that the insect
is the first of its genus to be recorded from beyond the limits of
the Holarctic faunal realm.
The writer is indebted to Lt.-Col. Sir David Prain, Director of
the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, England, for securing the
determination of the plants from which the types were collected.
Sericothrips occipitalis sp. nov. Female (macropterous) . — Length about
0.9 mm. General color pale brownish yellow, with numerous, clearly de-
fined, brown markings.
Head widest across eyes, about 1.8 times as wide as long; color pale
brownish yellow, both above and below, with vertical region dark brown;
cheeks straight, nearly parallel, about half the length of eyes ; frontal
costa with V-shaped notch; occipital line represented only by a heavy
brown line behind ocelli; occiput prominently reticulate with fine, dark
lines, which are more indistinct and transverse near eyes ; ocellar area
very finely and evenly transversely striate. Eyes prominent, protruding,
about two thirds as long as head and nearly as wide as; their interval.
Ocelli of posterior pair rather widely separated, pigment red. Antennae
slender, about 3.5 times the length of head, of normal structure; segments
I and 2 nearly colorless; 3-5 pale gray, the apex of 4 and the apical half
of 5 slightly infuscate ; 6-8 concolorous with apex of 5 ; segment 6 with
two long, slender, pale sense-cones, one on the inner and one on the outer
surface, attached nearly their entire length, thus forming two longitudinal
pale lines ; segment 5 with one oblique similar structure on inner ventral
surface.
Prothorax a little longer than head and about twice as wide as long,
lateral and posterior margins rounded, anterior margin very slightly and
roundly emarginate ; pronotum pale brownish yellow except for a large,
sellate, brown blotch which is margined with a darker brown line and
which occupies slightly more than the posterior half of the median ^two
thirds, this blotch arcuately emarginate in front and with the sides par-
allel; coxae brown, femora and tibiae yellowish, slightly infuscate laterally;
pronotum exceedingly finely and closely and rather obscurely transversely
April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 33
striate with anastomosing lines in the area of the dark blotch, the lateral
and anterior portions prominently reticulate like the occiput ; bristles
normal to the genus, there being one long closely appressed pair near the
posterior angles. Pterothorax brown in general color, with a more or
less distinct pale girdle just behind middle coxae; mesoscutum about as
closely striate as prothoracic blotch, the lines converging (as usual) to
three points on posterior margin; metascut'um nearly as closely longitudi-
nally striate. Fore wings brown at extreme base, then with a narrow,
white, transverse band, the remainder of wing brownish gray, slightly
paler toward apex; nearly twice as wide just beyond scale as at middle,
the greatest subbasal width (exclusive of scale) about one tenth the length
of wing; costal margin with about 27 equidistant bristles, anterior vein
with about 29, posterior vein (absent?) unarmed. Middle and hind legs
pale yellow, shaded more or less distinctly with brownish around middle
femora and tibiae, coxae brown.
Abdomen moderately stout, about 1.6 times the width of prothorax;
segments 1-3 and 6 pale yellowish brown, 4 and 5 yellowish white, 7-9
dark brown, 10 yellow ; a dark line extends across base of tergites 2-7,
that on 7 being arcuate in median third instead of strictly transverse ;
posterior margins of segments produced at sides (and also at middle of
apical segments) into long, slender spines; pubescence absent from most
of median third of tergites 2-5, brown in color except on 4 and 5 ; seg-
ment ID divided above in apical two fifths ; bristles norman to the genus.
Measurements of paratype : Length 0.864 ^oam. ; head, length 0.084 mm.,
width 0.150 mm. ; prothorax, length 0.098 mm., width 0.200 mm. ; ptero-
thorax, width 0.252 mm. ; fore wing, length 0.714 mm., width near base
0.068 mm., at middle 0.035 mm. ; abdomen, width 0.328 mm.
Antennal segments : 1234
Length (m) 25 2>7 63 55
Width (/x) 26 26 19 19
Total length of antenna 0.299 mm.
Male (macropterous). — Length about 0.8 mm. Color as in female ex-
cept that abdominal segments 1-3 and 6-8 are dark brown and concolorous,
4 and 5 being white and 9 and 10 brown, fading to yellowish at apex ; a
dark, straight line extends across base of tergites 2-9; three pairs of
minute black dots just basal to the transverse line of segments 2-8.
Measurement of allotype: Length 0.768 mm.; head, length 0.072 mm.,
width 0.150 mm.; prothorax, length 0.092 mm., width 0.192 mm.; pfero-
• thorax, width 0.228 mm. ; fore wing, length 0.618 mm., width near base
0.054 mm., at middle 0.030 mm. ; abdomen, width 0.198 mm.
Antennal segments : 1234
Length (^) 24 36 57 51
Width (/*) 24 24 17 17
Total length of antenna 0.283 mm.
5
6
7
8
44
52
10
13
16
15
6
5
5
6
7
8
42
50
10
13
14
14
6
S
34 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
Described from 2 females and i male, taken by Arthur W.
Jobbins-Pomeroy at Ibadan, southern Nigeria, January 11 and
14, 191 5, on Desmodium lasiocarpum DC, Andropogon tectorum
Schum. & Thonn., and BougainmllcEa glabra Choisy.
Though taken from three species of plants, the series is thor-
oughly homogeneous both in color and structure. The absence
of. a true occipital line and the reticulate sculpture of the whole
occipital area are sufficient to distinguish it from all previously
described species.
SYNCHLORA AVIDARIA N. SP.— (LEP., GEOMETRID^).
By Richard F. Pears all, Allaben, N. Y.
Size, wing shape and color very close to 5". denticulata Walk., — a clear,
pale pea green, the costa of fore wings above and beneath is narrowly
margined with white, sometimes tinged with rose at bases, and the den-
ticulate, thread-like white Hnes crosssing both wings are precisely as in
denticulata. Fringe green, whitened at outer edge ; and between veins at
base, a single white dot forming a partial marginal row. Abdomen above
green, marked longitudinally at centre with a white line. Pure white
below. Antennae in c? pectinate at base, graduating to simple at apices,
snow white above, the pectinations and beneath yellowish. On the ? sim-
ple. A broad white band on occiput covers their bases, and there is a
narrower one in front above labrum. Front a dull brownish red, quite
rosy in some fresh specimens, with a narrow red line often present, divid-
ing the white occipital patch from the green collar. Beneath, the wings
are silvery white with a greenish cast, without markings. The body and
legs snow white, excepting the front femora which are green.
Type (^ from Palmerlee, Cochise Co., Arizona (June), was taken many
years ago by the late Henry W. Marsden, and is in the collection of the
American Museum of Natural History in New York.
The allotype 5 from Oracle, Arizona, June 30, 1904, came to me from
Mr. E. J. Oslar, and is in the same collection. A paratype 5 is from the
same source, taken at Oracle on the same day.
The Species here described I have had from Florida, Arizona
and San Diego, Cal. It may easily be separated from denticulata,
a southeastern species, which has the front green ; and, in its
western habitat, from liquoraria Gu., with its red front, by wing
texture and its clear green color, not inclined to yellowish, as in
the latter.
April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 35
Herrick-Schaeffer described under the name of albicostaria a
species from the West Indies, which for a long while I considered
might be the same with this, but a close study of a specimen,
which I think should bear his name, taken by the late J. A. Gross-
beck at Curacoa, and others from Porto Rico through the kind-
ness of Geo. B. Engelhardt, leads me to believe them quite dis-
tinct. Later, it may be possible to confirm this opinion by com-
parison of genitalic mounts.
A KEY TO THE NORTH AMERICAN GENERA OF
CCENOSIIN^ (DIPTERA, ANTHOMYIID^).
By J. R. Malloch, Urbana, 111.
The members of this subfamily maybe distinguished from other
anthomyiids by the following combination of characters :
Under-surface of scutellum bare; sternopleural bristles 3 in
number, arranged almost invariably in a nearly equilateral tri-
angle, if 4 are present the additional one is ventrad of the lower
posterior one ; hypopleura and pteropleura bare ; anterior supra-
alar bristle absent or very minute ; eyes of both sexes separated by
about one third the width of head ; frontal cruciate bristles ab-
sent; sixth vein of wing usually incomplete, complete only in
Neochirosia.
The early stages are but poorly represented in my material —
the only 2 species I have reared being found in the larval stage
under bark of fallen trees and in rotten wood.
The imagines of most, if not all, of the species are predaceous,
feeding upon minute insects such as Chironomidae, Sciaridae, etc.
Key to Genera.
1. Sixth vein of wing extending to margin Neochirosia.
— . Sixth vein of wing discontinued considerably before margin 2.
2. Frons much broader than long, distinctly narrowed anteriorly, inner
margin of eye concave above, the width of either eye viewed from
above not' greater than half the width of frons . . Schoenomysa.
— . Frons at least as long as broad, usually very much longer, width of
eye about equal to that of frons 3-
36 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
3. Mesonotum with 4 pairs of postsutural dorso-central bristles, ■
Tetramerinx.
— . Mesonotum with at most 3 pairs of postsutural dorso-central bristles 4.
4. Arista with very long plumosity; abdomen in male with 5 dorsal seg-
ments visible Pentacricia.
— . Arista short-haired, pubescent, or bare ; abdomen in male with 4 dorsal
segments visible 5-
5. Frons much produced beyond anterior margin in eye, usually from one
third to one half the length of eye; arista pubescent, much thickened
on basal half; face receding towards mouth; last abdominal segment
in female armed with chitinised hooks Phyllogaster.
— . Frons very slightly produced beyond anterior margin of eye; arista
slender except at extreme base ; face almost vertical in profile ; last
abdominal segment in female not armed with chitinised hooks . . 6.
6. Squamae small, subequal; male with large ventral subapical append-
ages Hoplogaster.
— . Squamae rather large, under scale much larger than upper . .Coenosia.
I consider that the minute distinctions between Coenosia,
Caricea, Dexiopsis and Limnospila are not sufficiently constant
nor are they so evident that they can be depended upon as char-
acters for the differentiation of genera. I therefore place all
species of these so-called genera in Ca:nosia.
Neochirosia gen. nov. — Generic characters : slender, closely resembling
Chirosia in habitus. Eyes widely separated in both sexes, cruciate frontal
bristles absent; orbital bristles long; antennae shorter than face, third joint
but little longer than second, rounded apically; arista almost bare, slender,
swollen at immediate base; cheeks rather high, bristly on lower margin;
proboscis fleshy. Anterior supra-alar bristle distinct, almost one third as
long as posterior one; 4 pairs of postsutural dorso-centrals present ; sterno-
pleural bristles in an almost equilateral triangle. Abdomen slender, sub-
cylindrical; basal segment distinct but short; hypopygium small, the ven-
tral recurved processes chitinised, last ventral segment with a deep
V-shaped central incision. Legs slender, strongly bristled; claws and
pulvilli subequal in length. Sixth vein of wings complete, seventh extend-
ing almost to margin.
Neochirosia setiger sp. n. — Male and female : length 5 mm. ; black, cov-
ered with slight but distinct pruinescence. Head with distinct silky yel-
lowish white pile; palpi black; antennae black. Thorax not vittate, slightly
shining. Abdomen colored as thorax, without distinct markings. Legs
black, tibiae and tarsi yellowish testaceous. Squamae gray. Halteres yel-
low. Wings slightly brownish, especially anteriorly.
Orbits exceeding anterior margin of eye about as far as width of third
antennal joint; cheek about half as high as eye, the latter almost exactly
circular in outline. Acrostichals 2-rowed ; scutellum with a very long pair
April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 37
of bristles situated on disc beyond middle, a smaller pair proximad ot
these, and a very small pair at apex. Fore tibiae with 2 bristles, one on the
posterior surface near middle and another on anterior surface nearer to
apex ; mid tibiae with 5 bristles, 2 on anterior, 2 on posterior, and i on
antero-ventral surface, the upper bristles weakest; hind tibiae with 6 bris-
tles, I antero-ventral, i anterior, 2 anterb-dorsal, and 2 postero-dorsal.
Type locality. White Heath, 111., May 28 and 30, 1916.
I found this species rather scarce amongst undergrowth in
a wood along the bank of the Sangamon River.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ANTHOMYIID.^
(DIPTERA).
By J. R. Malloch, Urbana, 111.
The genus described herewith is readily separated from any
other in the family except Proboscimyia and Dolichoglossa by
the remarkably slender, elongate proboscis.
The genus Proboscimyia was described by Bigot in 1883.* In
i885t he redescribed, or rather more fully described, the same
genus and species, altering the generic name to Proboscidomyia,
, the correct form, in my opinion. I retain the original form of the
name. In neither description is there any mention made of the
character of hairing of the arista, but as the genus is compared
with Anthomyia we may assume that it was either short-haired
or pubescent.
In 1897 Stein described Dolichoglossa^ and compared it with
Hamw^omyia and Hylephila. No mention is made of Pro-
hoscim^yia, and judging from the descriptions of the two genera I
consider that there is but little doubt they are synonymous.
The present genus differs from the foregoing in having the
arista extremely long-haired. The species differs also in having
the legs yellow.
Neohylemyia gen. nov. Male. — Eyes narrowly separated ; f rons slightly
protruded anteriorly; antennae as in Hylemyia; arista globose at base, very
* Bull. Ent Soc. France, p. xxx.
t Ann. Ent. Soc. France, p. 266.
t Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., Vol. 42, p. 230.
38 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
long plumed above and below; face protruded well beyond eyes, cheeks
broad ; palpi slender, directed forward, very slender ; proboscis much
elongated, its length equal to that of thorax. Thorax with three post-
sutural dorso-centrals, three sternoplurals ; under surface of scutellum
with a few weak hairs. Fourth ventral segment of abdomen cleft almost
to base. Hind tibiae with preapical dorsal bristle. Sixth vein of wing
complete ; third and fourth veins subparallel, the former bare at base.
Calyptrse subequal.
Type, Neohylemyia proboscidalis sp. n.
Neohylemyia proboscidalis sp. n. Male. — Black, slightly shining. Head
brown, frontal stripe opaque black-brown ; orbits deep brown ; when viewed
from the side the orbits appear deep brown as far down as middle of third
antennal joint, the lower portion, cheeks, and face being whitish pruinose;
antennae black; proboscis brown; palpi, yellowish. Dorsum of thorax
black-brown, slightly pruinose, indistinctly vittate ; lateral margins an^
humeri distinctly gray pruinose ; scutellum as disk of thorax. Abdomen
dark brown, the surface with dense grayish pruinescence, and a median
longitudinal black stripe which is rather irregular in outline. Legs yellow,
fore femora slightly darkened above, tarsi fuscous. Wings clear, veins
yellowish. Calyptrae whitish. Halteres yellow.
Eyes narrowly separated, frontal stripe complete, but very narrow on
upper half; third antennal joint over three times as long as broad; basal
joint of arista short and stout, extreme basal portion of terminal section
much .swollen, rays on base of arista about two thirds as long as arista ;
cheek twice as high as width of third antennal joint and one and a half
times as high as length of facial orbits beyond eye when seen in profile ;
proboscis geniculated beyond insertion of palpi, entire length equal to
that of thorax. Presutural acrostichals irregularly 2-rowed, slender and
of moderate length. Abdomen subcylindrical ; apices of segments with
strong bristles on dorsum. Legs slender ; fore tibiae with two or three
bristles on posterior surface, and a series of setulse on apical third of
antero-dorsal surface; mid femora with two or three long bristles on basal
third of ventral surface and three or four shorter and stouter bristles on
median third of antero-ventral surface; mid tibiae with four bristles — two
posterior, one postero-dorsal, and one antero-dorsal; hind femora with a
complete series of strong bristles from base to apex on antero-ventral sur-
face; hind tibiae with six or seven bristles — two or three antero-ventral,
two antero-dorsal, and two postero-dorsal, the first mentioned lowest in
position, the last stronger than the others ; claws and pulvilli long. Costal
spine short; outer cross-vein bent.
Length 6 mm.
Type, Quincy, 111., taken on sand-bar in Mississippi River (C. A. Hart).
The species has much the appearance of a small Hylemyia, but
the proboscis is very much longer and more slender than in that
genus.
April', 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 39
NOTES ON A FEW EUCNEMID^ AND DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEW ELATERIDAE.
By Chas. Schaeffer, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Family Eucnemidse, Microrrhagus oblitus Bonv. — Dr. Horn in
his " Monograph of the species of the families Eucnemidse, etc."
in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XII, p. 34, says that this species is un-
known to him and remarks that it apparently more closely re-
semhles subsinuatus than any other of our species. The last
named has the pronotum without anti-scutellar carina and the
median line impressed posteriorly while ohlita has a distinct ante-
scutellar carina and no median impressed line. Of the former
species I have two specimens and of the latter three specimens
which answer the descriptions very well. Specimens collected by
Mr. Shoemaker in Maryland and Virginia, however, show that
these two characters are not constant. Some specimens have the
prothorax distinctly impressed posteriorly and a distinct ante-
scutellar carina, in others the carina is represented by a smooth,
short line, which sometimes is slightly elevated behind ; the im-
pressed line may be distinct, faint or absent. The two species
otherwise agree so closely that I have scarcely a doubt that they
are one variable species.
Microrrhagus imperfectus Lee. — This species is said to re-
semble subsinuatus from which it is distinguished by the form of
the posterior supplementary and the juxta-sultural carina. A
single specimen, which I refer somewhat doubtfully to this species,
has the outer carina of the juxta-sutural sulcus very distinctly
obliterated behind but the posterior supplementary carina is not
short but extends nearly to the middle. The length of the pos-
terior and often the anterior supplementary carina is variable as a
moderately large series will show and if no other characters are
present to separate imperfectus from oblitus and subsinuatus the
two last become synonyms of imperfectus.
The same variation in the characters mentioned above are no-
ticed in my four specimens of audax, but this species has a dif-
ferently formed and more coarsely punctured prothorax than the
above named species. The variation or rather abbreviation of
40 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
the outer carina of the juxta-sutural sulcus is mentioned by Dr.
Horn in bonvouloiri. Of this species I have two specimens which
have this carina distinctly and somewhat suddenly obliterated be-
hind, not differing otherwise from a specimen with entire carina.
Family Elateridse. — Drasterius thoracicus n. sp. Moderately elongate ;
finely pubescent ; color reddish brown, antennae and legs paler ; markings
as in dorsalis (elegans)* and amabilis. Head black, moderately closely
and not coarsely punctate. Antennae note quite as long as head and pro-
thorax. Prothorax about as long as wide; sides moderately arcuate in
front; hind angles rather long and acute, not divergent and with an acute
carina ; surface moderately coarsely punctate, punctures well separated.
Elytra about twice as long as prothorax ; sides narrowed in front and
behind ; striae distinctly impressed and with moderate punctures ; intervals
sparsely, somewhat granulately punctate. Prosternum rather sparsely punc-
tate at middle, punctures coarser at sides and near base; side pieces more
coarsely punctate than prosternum ; the first four ventral segments not
densely punctate, the punctures at sides coarser than at middle; last ventral
segment's rather densely punctate. Penultimate tarsal joint scarcely lobed
beneath. Length 5 mm. Southern Illinois.
One specimen of this peculiar little species in the collection of
the late Ottomar Dietz. It is readily distinguished from any of
our species by having the sides o'f the elytra narrowed in front
and behind, which gives the prothorax the appearance of being
wider than the elythra though the prothorax is not wider than the
elytra a little above middle.
Drasterius subornatus n. sp. Rufo-testaceous ; antennae, legs and palpi
paler ; elytra with a rather indistinct postscutellar darker cloud and a more
or less undulated subapical black fascia ; pronotum with a faint apical
darker cloud, which is absent in some specimens. Pubescence grayish
white and a Httle longer than in dorsalis. Head moderately coarsely, not
densely punctate; antennae a little longer than the head and prothorax,
third joint a little longer than second and both slightly longer than fourth.
Prothorax a little longer than wide; sides feebly arcuate, almost parallel
behind ; basal angles slightly divergent and carinate ; punctuation moder-
ately coarse and not very close, punctures nearly equal over the entire sur-
face. Scutellum flat. Elytra about twice as long as prothorax; sides
feebly arcuate; apices conjointly rounded; striae at base scarcely impressed,
punctures moderate; intervals flat and finely, sparsely punctate. Under-
side rather coarsely punctate, the first few abdominal segments more finely
* According to Champion, Biol. Cent. Am. Col., Vol. HI, pt. i, p. 365
(footnote). Say's dorsalis is wrongly placed as synonym of elegans. The
latter is West Indian and distinct from the North American species.
April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 41
punctate, the punctures gradually becoming smaller 'towards apex. Fourth
tarsal joint scarcely excavate above. Length 5.25 mm. Brownsville, Texas.
The twenty-five specimens before me show very httle varia-
tion, some specimens have the prothorax unicolorous, others have
a faint, dark, apical cloud This species differs from dorsalis,
besides the different markings, in being smaller, the punctuation
of prothorax a little more dense and the surface more depressed ;
the last mentioned characters separate it also from amabilis,
which, however, has the fourth tarsal joints rather more deeply
excavated above than subornatus and dorsalis. From livens.
which is also more depressed than dorsalis and amabilis, it differs
besides other characters, in having a stronger punctuation of pro-
thorax and elytral striae.
Drasterius (Aeolus) nigriventris n. sp. Moderately elongate, rufo-testa-
ceous, antennae, palpi and legs paler ; underside, except at sides, head, a
broad median Hne on prothorax and sides more or less black; scutellum
and suture near the latter a broad, oblique blotch, starting from humeri to
about' the second or third stria and a broad, subapical, undulated fascia,
also black. Pubescence sparse and fine. Head rather coarsely punctate ;
antennae nearly as long as head and prothorax, third joint a little longer
than second, both together longer than fourth. Prothorax slightly longer
than wide ; sides slightly arcuate and feebly narrowing towards apex, hind
angles feebly divergent and acutely carinate, carina moderately long, occu-
pying nearly basal third; surface coarsely and moderately closely punctate
at sides, the punctures finer at the middle. Elytra about twice as long as
prothorax, sides arcuat'ely narrowing from a little below middle, apex
conjointly rounded; striae moderately impressed, punctures of the first few
striae rather small and not closely placed, becoming larger and closer at
sides ; intervals flat, sparsely and finely punctate. Prosternum, metaster-
num and the first few ventral segments at sides coarsely punctate, the
latter more finely punctate at middle. Fourth joint of tarsi slightly exca-
vate above. Length 6 mm. Brownsville, Texas.
This species resembles superficially amabilis but has a larger
and anteriorly less narrowed prothorax, less divergent hind angles
with longer carina and sides more or less piceous ; the underside,
except at sides and apex is piceous or black. ' It seems to be allied
to the Mexican pulchellus Caud. but that species has the carina
of the hind angles about half of the length of the latter.
Drasterius (Aeolus) scutellatus n. sp. Similar in color and markings to
dorsalis Say, but of slightly narrower form. Head rather coarsely and
moderately closely punctate; antennae about as long as head and pro-
42 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
thorax, second and third joints together longer than fourth. Prothorax
about as long as wide; sides moderately arcuate, gradually narrowing
towards apex, hind angles slightly divergent with a moderately long, acute
carina; surface rather coarsely and not very closely punctate, pubescence
rather short and sparse. Scutellum conically raised in front. Elytra
nearly twice as long as prothorax ; sides scarcely arcuately to a little be-
yond middle thence rather more arcuately to narrowing towards the con-
jointly rounded apices; strise distinctly impressed and with close, moderate
coarse punctures which are coarser towards the sides ; intervals feebly
convex, sparsely and rather finely punctate; surface sparsely clothed with
short, gray hairs. Prosternum rather coarsely but not densely punctate,
the punctures finer near apex ; side pieces more densely punctate. Abdom-
inal segment's one to four, not densely punctate, the punctures coarser at
sides than at middle, last segment finely and densely punctate towards
apex. Fourth tarsal joint slightly excavated above. Length 7 (type) -5.5
mm. Brownsville, Texas.
• This species differs from all our known N. Am. species in the
conical raised scutellum. Small specimens resemble aniabilis in
form more than dorsalis but, besides the different form of scutel-
lum, haye longer carinse of the hind angles of prothorax and
coarser elytral strise. It is evidently closely allied to the Mexican
circumscriptus Champ, with which the description and figure
agrees -very well, except that the interstices are said to be roughly
punctured in that species, which are in scutellatus rather finely
punctured.
Megapenthes nigriceps Schaef. — In the material collected in
Brownsville, Texas, by the late Ottomar Dietz I found a female
of this species, which I described from a single male collected by
myself. ^ This female has the head not piceous or black but dark
ferruginous behind and paler in front, otherwise it does not differ
from the male except, as usual, in stouter form, shorter anten-
nae, etc.
Betarmon californicus n. sp. Antennae, head, legs and underside, except
side pieces of prosternum, base of elytra and a rather broad, but indefinite
sutural stripe black or piceous; pronotum and side pieces of prosternum
yellowish ferruginous and sides of elytra pale yellowish brown. Surface
sparsely pubescent with short yellowish hairs. Head rather coarsely and
densely punctate, front distinctly margined and arcuate. Prothorax slightly
longer than wide ; sides gradually converging from base of hind angles to
a little above middle, then arcuately narrowing to apex ; hind angles rather
feebly diverging and not carinate ; surface closely punctate with moder-
ately coarse punctures. Elytra a little more than twice as long as pro-
April, igi7 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 43
thorax, scarcely wider at base than prothorax a Httle above hind angles,
gradually widening towards a little beyond middle, thence arcuately nar-
rowing to apex, apices subtruncate ; striae scarcely impressed and with
moderate, close, somewhat elongate punctures ; intervals rather sparsely
punctate and more or less transversely rugose. Prosternum shining,
coarsely and closely punctate, side pieces rather dull and more densely
punctate, with smaller punctures than at middle. Metasternum and abdo-
men not densely punctate with moderate punctures ; coxal plates rather
suddenly dilated inwards with the exterior angle rounded. Tarsi simple.
Length 7 mm. Tulare Co., CaHfornia.
This species, a single male, was in the material received by the
late Ottomar Dietz from the above named locality and I am under
the impression that I have seen other specimens of this species
showing variation in the coloration of elytra, being either entirely
piceous or with the dark sutural stripe narrower and the sides
paler than in the type specimen.
B. bigeminatus Rand, our only other species differs from the
above described species, besides coloration, in having distinctly
and rather sharply carinated hind angles and shorter antennal
joints. Both species, bigeminatus and calif ornicus are not typical
BetarmrOn. The third tarsal joint in the type species of the genus,
the European B. ferrugineus, has the fourth tarsal joint very
small, and the third dilated and with a small lobe, while in our
species the tarsi are simple. In Genera Insectorum, Coleoptera,
family Elateridse. ■ Otto Schwarz failed to list our Betarmon
bigeminatus.
Oxygonus montanus n. sp. Form elongate, head and prothorax black,
elytra blackish brown, first joint of antennae and legs reddish. Head mod-
erately coarsely and not densely ptmctate. Antennae nearly as long as the
head and prothorax, joint two shorter than third, fourth a little shorter
than third and slightly longer than wide at apex, joints four to ten, about
as long as wide and feebly serrate, joint eleven elongate oval and a little
longer than the tenth. Prothorax about as long as wide, feebly narrowing
towards apex, sides scarcely arcuate, hind angles acutely prolonged, mod-
erately divergent and not carinate ; surface with moderate and well sepa-
rated punctures, which are a little coarser toward apex and finer near
base ; pubescence grayish white and longer than on elytra. Elytra as wide
at base as the thorax ; sides feebly arcuate and nearly parallel, narrowed
and conjointly rounded near apex; surface with moderately impressed
and not coarsely punctured striae ; intervals rather flat and not densely but
confusedly punctate, covered rather sparsely with short grayish white
hairs. Metasternum and abdomen rather finely, not densely punctate and
44 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
covered with short grayish white hairs. Length 8.25 mm. Catskill Mts.,
Ulster Co., N. Y.
I have seen two specimens of this interesting Httle species, col-
lected by Mr. Ernest Shoemaker, one of which he allowed me to
retain for the Museum collection.
This species differs from obesus by its narrower and more
elongate form, differently formed prothorax, relatively longer
third antennal joint and lateral margin of elytra scarcely at all
refiexed. It seems to be similar in form to the Californian ater,
but that species is black, including legs, has the prothorax coarsely
punctate with hind angles carinate, elytral intervals biseriately
punctured and the body beneath deeply pianctured.
A Year of Costa Rican Natural History. By Amelia Smith
Calvert, Sometime Fellow in Biology, Bryn Mawr College,
and Philip Powell Calvert, Professor of Zoology, Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, Editor of Entomological News. With
Maps and Illustrations. New York : The Macmillan Com-
pany. 1917.
The topography of this paper is all that may be desired and there are
577 pages, 141 plates and figures and a full-page frontispiece in color, also
a general map of the country.
A greater interest is continually being taken in foreign countries by the
tourist, the naturalist and the business man. Increased and more com-
fortable facilities for travel, in addition to speed, make such countries far
more attainable. More persons at present are taking an interest in nature
and the ordinary work of travel frequently gives scant treatment to the
plants, mammals, birds, reptiles and insects of the country visited. While
the present work gives ample description of the geography, topography,
geology and climate, the greater part of the book is devoted to the living
forms of life. It particularly treats of the insects and plants. The dragon-
flies, among the insects, receive the largest share of attention as one of
the authors is an authority on these insect's and many new facts were
obtained as to their distribution, habit's and life history. The whole work
well repays perusal but there are some specially interesting chapters for
the student of nature, among these being " Juan Vinas — The Waterfalls,"
in which valuable and new observations are made on the dragonfly, Thau-
matoneura. Fascinating descriptions are given of the ascent of the vol-
canoes Irazu and Poas.
A thrilling chapter is entitled " Carthago Deleta Est " and must be read
April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 45
to be appreciated. The authors are to be congratulated that they were able
to return alive and write the book. There are graphic accounts of the
towns visited and descriptions of the people, their homes, government and
fiestas. The illustrations are excellent and are nearly all from photo-
graphs taken by the authors. The appendices are very valuable to the stu-
dent and show painstaking work in their compilation. They include the
authors' itinerary, with notes on weather in places other than Cartago,
Cartago weather records for a year, papers based in whole or in part on
the collections made by the authors in Costa Rica, a list of selected litera-
ture relating chiefly to the natural history of Costa Rica, exclusive of that
cited in appendix III, systematic list of plants and animals mentioned and
a full index. This book shows extreme care in its preparation and is
replete with valuable information on all the lines of which it treats. It
will take high rank among the works of a. similar character and will be
most useful to the traveller or student of nature who visits that country
in the future and will prove interesting reading to all those persons who
would like to see the country but failing in that will appreciate such an
excellent description of a large part of it.
H. S.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY
Meeting of October 12, 1916. — Ten members and four visitors were
present.
Dr. Felix Metzner was elected to membership.
The death of Mr. C. H. Roberts, a charter member of the Society and
its Treasurer for 31 years was announced by the President, as well as that
of Mr. L. H. Joutel, also a member for many years.
The scientific programme was a symposium on the collecting experiences
of the past summer. Mr. Davis exhibited Balaninus proboscidetis Fab.,
B. baculi Chitt., B. rectus Say, B. nasiciis Say, and the Cicadas Tibicen sayi,
and Tibicen auletes Germ., all from Rockaway Beach, on September 17.
Many dragon flies were found cast ashore, among them the powerful
flier Apiaeschna heros Fabr., found drowned. September 21, at Long
Beach, two Cicindela dorsalis were taken, a late date for this insect, usual
in July. Catopsilia eubule was taken flying rapidly in an easterly direction.
Mr. Bueno showed three specimens of Stachyocnemus apicalis taken on
October 8 in a sand pit, and six Fitchia aptera, all wingless, found under
a board. He had found collecting poor about White Plains in the past
summer. Mr. Dow reported Cincindela lepida in countless numbers at
Lahaway, N. J. Mr. Geo. Franck collected on the shores of the Gulf of
Mexico, without result. Mr. Ballou reported a variety of Trichius re-
ceived from Mr. Loding, from Beaufort, N. C. Mr. Engelhardt referred
to his experiences on a trip to the Pacific Coast.
46 Bfilletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
Dr. Forbes mentioned a species of Aids (Hesperumia) sulfuraria from
Peru, N. Y., near Plattsburg. Smerinthus cerisyi came to light and Syneda
alleni was locally common.
Mr. Funaro reported Cregya vetiista from Rosedale, July 30. Mr.
Weeks reported Vanessa j-album at Yaphank. Mr. Olsen showed a col-
lection of local species of Podisiis including types of his new species,
Podisus fretus.
Meeting of November 16. — Fifteen members and one visitor present.
Long Island records — Mr. Schott reported Meadoriis lateralis from Wyan-
danch, September 17. Mr. Davis reported Cicindela marginata from
Orient, L. I., August 15, taken by Mr. Roy Latham, reported from two
other localities on the north shore of the island, Northport and Wading
River. Mr. Doll reported Scopelosoma devia common on Long Island.
The scientific programme was Mr. G. P. Englehardt's account of his visit
to the Grand Canyon of Arizona, between June 6 and 10. After an
illuminating description of the natural features he noted as interesting
captures in the canyon of Cicindela arisona, rather common along a
small stream on the Bright Angel trail ; Zopherus gracilis, Hetcerina vul-
nerata, abundant in Indian Garden, as well as Notonecta mexicana;
M emythrus cupressi was found on willow, in the same place, and the
larvae of Megatkymus sp. was found boring in agave. Sphinx coloradus
came to light at the top of the Canyon.
Meeting of December 14. — Twelve members and one visitor present.
Mr. Chas. A. Ballou was elected a member.
Long Island Records : Mr. Schott reported Tornos scolopacinarius from
Flatbush, April 16, and Mr. Doll reported that Mr. J. C. Wright had the
larvse from Long Island. From the same locaHty, Mr. Schott also reported
Elater vitiosus, not heretofore reported either from Long Island or New
Jersey. Mr. Olsen, for Mr. Shott, reported Aradus uniformis from Wad-
ing River, May 30, 1915, and A. acutns from Wyandanch, June 16; A.
duzeei from Nepera Park, above Yonkers, was also shown, taken May
21, 1916.
Under scientific programme Mr. Bueno spoke on the New York
Scolopostethi, a Lygaeid genus, and showed the species likely to be found
on Long Island, Scolopostethus atlanticus, S. affinis and 5". thomsoni, affinis
being taken in large numbers at the roots of bunch grass. The members
of this genus in general appear to be dwellers in swales or marshes, or
near them. Mr. G. P. Engelhardt spoke on his collecting experiences
under the head " Notes from Southern California." He told of the beauti-
ful things of nature he had seen in his excursions in California. Only
a few of the insects taken were shown, the others not yet being ready.
He commented on the great abundance of some of the butterflies, i. e.,
Pyrameis carye, Lemonias virgulti, Coenonympha californica and Lycaena
exilis. Equally abundant also were Pieris rapce and Thecla melinus, the
April, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 47
first finding a suitable food plant in a wild mustard that grows in dense
thickets to a height of ten feet or more and the latter on beans so exten-
sively cultivated in southern California. Very common among the moths
were Apantesis proxima var. autholea and Ctenucha brunnea. Many in-
teresting forms of Noctuidae and Geometridas were shown.
Cychrus pyrsolepis Lee. in vol. XI, p. 90, and in Index should read
Adelocera pyrsolepis Lee.
Sphinx chersis in vol. XL, p. 91, read "rarely taken of Long Island."
Cicindela strigosa, vol. XI, p. 92, and in Index : Read " Cicindela striga,
captured by Jacob Doll, specimen now in the Brooklyn Museum."
OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA
FLORIDA Insects of all orders, also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells,
and Marine Invertebrates sold by A. G. Reynolds, Gulfport, Fla.
WANTED.— No. Am. Cerambycidse and Buprestidae, especially Agrilus;
will collect insects of any order in this locality for exchanges in above
families. C. A. Frost, 26 Pond St., Framingham, Mass.
THE UNDERSIGNED will greatly appreciate receiving records of
New Jersey species not Hsted in Smith's Insects of New Jersey. — Harry
B. Weiss, 2^ Raritan Ave., New Brunswick, N. J.
FINE SPECIMENS of the large Mantis, Paratenodera sinensis, col-
lected at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., offered in exchange for North
American Lepidoptera.— Philip Laurent, 31 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadel-
phia, Pa.
I COLLECT for cash local Insects in all Orders. Printed price list of
nearly 1,000 species Coleoptera in Henshaw Nos. A. H. Manee, Southern
Pines, N. C.
WANTED.— North American Orthoptera from locaHties which are little
known or in which but little collecting has been done. Material from the
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48 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
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Vol. XII
JUNEJ917
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BULLETIN
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CONTENTS
NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF MONATHIA, Drake 49
SYNOPSIS OF DASYLLIS, Banks 52
NEARCTIC SPECIES OF LEPTOYPHA AND LEPTOSTYLA,
McAtee 55
STUDIES IN THE OLD TESTAMENT, Dow 64
SPECIES OF DICTYOPHORA NORTH OF MEXICO, Gibson . . 69
S>sonlanT;;>
^ ML 21 JO-
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Vol. XII June, 1917 No. 3
THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF MONANTHIA
(TINGID^).
By Carl J. Drake, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
The genus Monanthia, established by Lepelletier et Serville in
Encyclopedie Methodique, X, p. 653, 1825, is represented in
North America by three species. The two tropical or semi-
tropical species, M. monotropida Stal and M. c-nigrimi Champion,
are well characterized and illustrated by Champion in the Biologia
Centrali-Americana (Rhynch., Vol. II, 1898) and the only Nearc-
tic species, M. laheculata, was described by Uhler in North
American Fauna, No. 7, 1893. Two new forms are added here-
in, one from Texas and the other from Colorado. I am indebted
to Mr. Edmund Gibson, National Museum, Washington, D. C,
who has very kindly sent me the description of M. ehrethice to be
included in this paper.
Key to the North American Species of Monanthia.
1. Pronotal margins very broadly expanded, contiguous with the median
carina 2.
Pronotal margins not so broadly expanded 4-
2. Head armed with five long spines ; pronotum with the center of each
lobe strongly raised, ear-shaped ; elytra with the posterior portion of
the outer nervure closing discoidal area very strongly curved, form-
ing a .c-shaped mark M. ehrethige Gibson, n. sp.
Head armed with three very short spines ; pronotal lobes and the outer
nervure closing discoidal area with no indication of the above struc-
tures 3-
3. Rather small insects, about 3 mm. long; costal area of the elytra uni-
seriate, the areolae very small M. labeculata Uhler.
50 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
Larger insects, 3.5 mm. long; costal area uniseriate, but the areolae very
much larger M. coloradensis n. sp.
4. Lateral margins of the pronotum rather broad, occupying about two
fifths of the entire width ; elytra with the posterior portion of the
outer nervure closing discoidal area very strongly curved, forming a
c-shaped mark M. c-nigrum Champion.
Lateral margins of the pronotum very narrow, mostly uniseriate; the
posterior portion of the outer nervure closing discoidal area not so
strongly curved M. monotropida Stal.
Monanthia ehrethiae Gibson, sp. nov. — General form of M. c-nigrum
Champion, but readily distinguished from it by the much larger lobes of
the pronotum and the irregularity of the areolae along the costal margin
of the elytra.
Head broad, armed with five long prominent spines, three frontal and
two adpressed spines (the later spines arise near the base of the head and
extend forward near the eyes). Antennas with the basal segment slightly
longer than the second ; fourth segment swollen and as long as the first
and second taken together. Bucculse prominent; rostrum reaching to
middle coxae. Pronotum prominently lobate on each side, and coarsely
reticulate in comparison to the reticulations of the corium ; the center of
each lobe raised, ear-shaped. Median carina extending the entire length
of pronotum, on each side of which at the base is a short carina, diverg-
ing. Elytra very finely reticulate, with posterior portion of the prominent
nervure closing the discoidal area forming a c-shaped mark. Reticula-
tions towards the apex of the elytra becoming larger._ Areolae large, one
row along costal margin of elytra but which is interrupted occasionally by
smaller areolae bordering the costal margin. A single row of large areolae
also bordering inner margin of membrane. Size : 2.7-3 m^n. long ; width
of pronotum, i mm.
Color. — Head black, with spines whitish; first two and fourth segments
of antennas dark, the third testaceous. Rostrum testaceous, tinged with
black at apex. Lobes of pronotum pale brown, darker on raised portions.
Elytra ferrugineous, with the c-shaped mark and borders of areolae darker.
Beneath piceous, rostral groove testaceous. Tibiae and apex of femora
testaceous.
Described from three females and three males, collected by
Mr. H. S. Barber in southern Texas from Ehrethia elliptica D.
C. Besides these 25 other specimens have been examined which
were collected by Messrs. Barber, C. H. T. Townsend, and E. A.
Schwartz, at Brownsville and Victoria, Texas. Ehrethia elliptica
is undoubtedly the food plant of this species as Mr. Barber has
taken eggs and nymphs 'as well as adults from it and has observed
Juncigi? Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 51
the injury to the leaves caused by the feeding of both nymphs
and adults.
Monanthia coloradensis sp. nov. (Fig. i; b). — Form and color similar to
that of M. labeculata Uhler, but considerably larger and more robust.
Head short, with three blunt, very short, frontal spines. Bucculse large,
prominent, coarsely pitted, closed in front. Antennae: basal segment
strongly swollen, slightly curved outwards; second segment less swollen,
slightly shorter than the first; third segment slenderest, nude, three times
the length of the fourth ; fourth segment swollen towards the apex, clothed
with a few bristly hairs, longer than the first and second conjoined. Apex
of rostrum concealed by the point upon which the insect is moynted. Pro-
notum tricarinate, the median carina extending the entire length of the
prothorax, the lateral basal carinse low, short, and diverging posteriorly;
lateral margins broad, contiguous with the median carina. Elytra a little
longer than the abdomen, finely reticulate ; costal area rather broad, uni-
FiG. I. a, Monanthia labeculata Uhler; b, M. coloradensis sp. nov.
(Photo, by author.)
seriate, the areolae much larger than in labeculata; subcostal area finely
reticulate, with five rows of areolae at the widest part; discoidal area ex-
tending slightly beyond the middle of the elytra, finely reticulate, with six
rows of areolae at the widest part, sutural area broad, the areolae a little
larger than in the discoidal area. Wings visible. Length, 3.5 mm. ; width,
1.54 mm.
Color. — Pronotum and lateral margins and elytra testaceous, the nervures
marked with brown and fuscous. Legs brown, the tips of tarsi fuscous.
Antennae: first and second segments fuscous; third testaceous; fourth
blackish. Head and abdomen beneath piceous. Rostral sulcus, bucculae,
anterior margin of pronotum, and posterior margin of the pro- and meta-
thoracic pleurae margined with dirty white.
52 Bulletm of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
Described from a female specimen, collected in Colorado. It
can readily be separated from labeculata by its larger size and
the much larger areolae of costal area of the elytra; the two
species, labeculata and coloradensis, are equally enlarged in the
photographs.
SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS DASYLLIS (ASILID^).
By Nathan Banks, Museum Comp. Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
The species of Dasyllis are among the largest and most promi-
nent of our Asilidse. In appearance they resemble bumble bees;
in the north where there are red-haired species of Bombus there
are also red-haired species of Dasyllis. Their habits and manner
of flight are, however, very different from that of the bumble
bees, and they cannot be considered as true mimics of Bombus,
but rather as members of a Miillerian association. Our species
are fairly abundant and several undescribed, although I find by
the collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology that Loew
had manuscript names for most of the forms. The species are
more numerous in the east, but there are a number in the west
coast region, few however in the Rocky Mountain region. The
genus is North American, a few occurring in Central America;
it is an offshoot of the holarctic genus Laphria.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Mystax gray; head, thorax, tip of abdomen, and legs with gray
hair cinerea Back.
Mystax largely black, at least many black hairs above 2.
Mystax largely yellow ; the black hairs, if any, mostly below 6.
2. Thorax all black haired semitecta Coq.
Thorax with pale hair above 3.
3. Hair in front of the halters and the wings black 4.
Hair in front of the halters and the wings yellow 5.
4. Front and mid legs with yellow hair ; no yellow hair on abdomen,
affinis Macq.
Front legs black haired; yellow hair on abdomen macquarti n. sp.
5. Front and mid legs with much yellow hair; yellow hair on abdomen,
sacrator Walk.
June, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 53
Little if any yellow hair on legs ; frequently no yellow on abdomen,
thoracica Fabr.
6. Hair in front of the halters wholly black; that in front of the wings
also black; abdomen with yellow band near tip sackeni n. sp
Hair in front of the halters j^ellow, at least in upper part 7
7. Hair in front of the wings yellow, or with only a few black hairs. . 8
Hair in front of the wings largely black 12
8. Abdomen with more or less red hair behind -.fernaldi Back,
Abdomen without red hair 9
9. Scutellum, as rest of body, with j^ellow hair unicolor Will
Scutellum black haired 10
10. All tibis and tarsi red haired above; about apical half of abdomen
yellow partitor n. sp
No tibiae nor tarsi red haired 11
11. The yellow on abdomen near tip; western species . . . .calif ornica n. sp
The yellow (if any) on abdomen mostly toward base; eastern species
grossa Fabr
12. Posterior part of thorax with red hair insignis n. sp
Not red haired on thorax 13
13. Scutellum yellow haired 14
Scutellum black haired 15
14. Abdomen with yellow hair near tip divisor n. sp
Abdomen wholly black flavicollis Say
15. Very large species ; in male front and mid legs with very long yellow
hair, and some yellow on hind femora above; wings very dark,
lata Macq.
Moderate size, wings paler, in male no yellow on hind femora .... 16.
16. Western species I7-
Eastern species 18.
17. Male with red hair on abdomen; female with hair in front of wings
black astur O. S.
Male without red on abdomen ; female with yellow hair interspersed
with the black at base of wings Colombia Walk.
18. No yellow hair on the abdomen virginica n. sp.
Yellow hair on the abdomen 19.
19. Superior male appendages deeply excavate on the outer edge ; yellow
hair in female extends more to base of abdomen, .champ laini Walt.
Superior male appendages but little excavate on outer edge ; in female
yellow hair does not usually extend so far toward base,
posticatus Say.
Dasyllis virginica n. sp. — In general appearance similar to D. flavicollis,
but the scutellum is without yellow hair; the basal abdominal segment is
black haired on the sides, as are the other segments (in flavicollis there is
some yellow hair on sides of the basal segment) ; the body of the male is
broader than usual in flavicollis, and the superior appendages are more
blunt pointed. Length 18 mm. '
54 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XI t
From Falls Church, Glencarlyn and Chain Bridge, Va., in June.
Dasyllis partitor n. sp. — Head mostly yellow hair; thorax with yellow
hair, shorter and more sparse in front; the scutellum black; yellow hair
in front of the halters and in front of the wings; the apical half of the
abdomen yellow haired, leaving only the small apical segment black ; legs
with some yellow or tawny hair on the basal parts, but the apex of the
tibiae and the tarsi with red hair above. Length i8 to 20 mm.
From Princeton, British Columbia, July (Russell).
Dasyllis sackeni n. sp. — Black; the hair in front of the halters and in
front of the wings is wholly black ; head yellow haired except black on
vertex behind ; legs wholly black haired ; thorax yellow haired above,
scutellum black haired; abdomen black, but with a band of yellow just
before tip, leaving the apical segment black. Superior appendages slightly
excavate behind, lower edge deeply rounded. Length 15 to 17 mm.
From Brookdale and Walnut Creek, Calif. (Davidson) ; and San Fran-
cisco and Contra Costa, Calif. (Edwards).
Dasyllis divisor n. sp. — Closely resembles posticatus, but the scutellum
is yellow haired ; the yellow on the abdomen is confined more to the tip ;
and the abdomen is generally more slender than in posticatus. The
same size.
From Black Mts., Swannanoa River, N. C, May; and from Illinois and
Pennsylvania.
Dasyllis insignis n. sp. — Black ; clothed with black and much yellow hair,
head with yellow hair, some black on the lower face ; thorax with yellow
hair above, but a band of red hair on the posterior part and on the scu-
tellum ; hair in front of halters yellow ; that in front of wing base mostly
black; abdomen (except basal two segments) with yellow hair; legs, with
front and mid coxae, and all of femora and tibiae bearing some yellow
hairs, but not dense anywhere. Superior male appendages broadly rounded
below, outer side oblique, not excavated. Length 14 mm.
From Labrador ; the mss. name of Loew, who had given names to sev-
eral of the species here described as new, as well as to champlaini and
to cinerea.
Dasyllis californica n. sp. — Black; head yellow haired, except black on
the lower part of face and a few black bristles on the vertex ; thorax
above yellow haired, scutellum with black hair, hair in front of halters
and in front of wing base yellow; abdomen with two or three segments
near the tip yellow haired ; legs with some yellow hair on coxae, femora
and tibiae of front pair, and on the middle tibiae. In the male the abdomen
is very slender, and the superior appendages plainly but evenly excavate
on the outer edge. Length 18 mm.
From Lake Tahoe, Calif. (Vachall) ; and a part of the type material of
D. astur from Webber Lake, Yosemite, and Sierra Nevada, Calif. (H.
Edwards).
Dasyllis macquarti n. sp. — May be the species recorded by Macquart
June, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 55
as the female of Mallophora analis. I have a male which agrees with his
description. The head is black haired ; the thorax yellow above ; hair on
scutellum, in front of the wings and in front of the halters is black; the
legs black haired, except' the middle tibiae are yellow haired on outer side ;
the abdomen has four basal segments yellow, rest black. The superior male
appendages are similar to those of D. lata but more swollen below and the
outer side only slightly excavate. Length 17 mm.
From Texas.
KEY TO THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF LEPTOYPHA AND
LEPTOSTYLA (HETEROPTERA TINGID^).
By W. L. McAtee.
The genera Leptoypha and Leptostyla, both of Stal, belong to
that section of the Tingidas in which the rostral sulcus is closed
in front and the discoidal and costal areas of the hemelytra, are
rarely or never, coelevated, and to the smaller subdivision in
which the rostral sulcus is not interrupted by a ridge between
the meso- and metasterni. Leptoypha contains species in which
the translucent lacy type of structure so characteristic of the fam-
ily is greatly obscured except on membrane and on costa in the
species that have it e5cpanded; there is no pronotal hood. The
first two joints of antenna are short and of about equal length,
and the pronotum has a single prominent median ridge, the lat-
eral ridges are traceable especially near apex of pronotal exten-
sion. The species are very plainly colored, usually being light-
brown, more or less dark mottled or pruinose, and with dark
callosities. Leptostyla species on the other hand are distinctly
lacy; a hood is present, the first antennal joint is three times (or
more) as long as the second, and there are three high and thin
pronotal carinse. Some of the species of this genus have a dis-
tinct color pattern.
Key to the Species of Leptoypha.*
■ A. Costal margin explanate, reflexed, distinct for its whole length.
B. Areoles of costal margin in a single series minor n. sp.
* Stal, G., Enumeratio Hemipterorum, 3, 1873, p. 121. The name is fre-
quently misspelled Leptophya.
56 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
BB. Areoles in more than one series at some part of the costal margin.
C. Two series of areoles extending about as far as apex of pronotal
extension costata Parshley.
CC. Two series of areoles in all but the posterior fourth or less of
the costal margin elliptica n. sp.
AA. Costal margin not explanate, deflexed; subcostal area forming outer
anterior margin of hemelytron.
D. Length over 2}^ mm.; third joint of antenna nearly four times as
long as basal joint, total length of antenna nearly i mm.,
mutica Say.
DD. Length less than 2j/^ mm.; third joint of antenna distinctly less
than four times 'as long as basal joint; total length of antenna
.75 mm. or less brevicornis Champion.
Leptoypha minor n. sp. — Length* (excluding antennse) 1.81-1.82 mm.;
length of pronotum, 1.05-1.08 mm., width, .72-79 mm.; greatest width of
elytra, .84 mm.; length of antennal joints: i, .099 mm.; 2, .13 mm.; 3, .39^
mm. ; 4, .23 mm.
Form elliptical; antennse rather short and thick, upper surface coarsely
punctured ; punctures not arranged in definite rows except on uniseriate
costal margin. Three short blunt spines on front and two straight ones
from back of vertex along inner eye margins close to surface of head.
Median carina of pronotum distinct; lateral carinae obsolete.
General color light reddish brown, more or less infuscated as follows :
Apical joints of antennse; head black, vertex, inner orbit's, and two closely
applied spines with short silvery hairs; region of pronotal callosities;
faintly on disc of pronotum and an indistinct U-shaped mark (base for-
ward) on posterior half of pronotum ; an irregular band of irrorations
across elytra through the posterior half of discoidal areas and another
across membrane before apex. Spines on head, edge of rostral sulcus,
collar and membrane distinctly lighter than ground color. Ventral surface
deeply infuscated on pleurae, mesosternum and most of venter. Legs light
reddish brown ; tarsi dark.
Similar, to L. costata Parshley but much smaller. These two
species have more extensive dark markings than is usual in the
other species here treated.
L. minor is easily distinguished by its size, and by the posses-
sion of distinct and reflexed though narrow costal margins, in all
parts of which there is but a single series of areoles.
Type. — A male from Siskiyou Co., California, collected in
* Measurements taken with eyepiece micrometer with combination of
eye-pieces No. i and objectives A2 in Zeiss Binocular Microscope; magni-
fication 20.
June,i9i7 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 57
August ; allotype female with same data. Both in collection of
U. S. National Museum. I am adopting Mr. Heidemann's cabi-
net name for this species.
Leptoypha costata Parshley. — Leptoypha costata Parshley, H. M. Psyche,
24, No. I, February, 1917, pp. 16-17 (Marshall Hall, Md.) ; Leptoypha dis-
tinguenda Heidemann, Otto. Proceedings of the Entomological Society
of Washington, 18, No. 4, Dec. 1916 (June 1917), PI. 17, Fig. i, p. 218
(Washington, D. C, Rock Creek, D. C, Marshall Hall, Md., Mf. Ver-
non, Va.).
Length of a well-developed male specimen (excluding antennae), 2.83
mm.; length of pronotum, 1.38 mm.; width, 1.05 mm.; greatest width of
elytra, 1.1 mm.; length of antennal joints: i, .13 mm.; 2, .16 mm.; 3, .57
mm. ; 4, .22, mm.
Form oblong elliptic, hemelytra expanded across discoidal areas and
rather narrowed toward apex. Body surface coarsely punctured, the
areoles not in definite rows except in costa and margin of membrane.
Percurrent median and shorter lateral carinse on pronotum distinct. Three
short converging tubercles on front and two rather long curved spines
from back of vertex reaching past middle of eyes.
General color reddish brown, eyes black, cephalic spines pale. Region of
pronotal callosities, indistinct clouding on remainder of pronotum and
irrorations across discoidal, and central membranal areas of the elytra
fuscous. Lower surface darker than upper ; infuscated on pleurae, pectus,
and sides of abdomen. In pale specimens the collar, lateral margins of
pronotum, apex of pronotal extension, and costa are distinctly lighter than
the ground color.
This species has a distinct, reflexed costal margin of moderate width in
which there are two series of areoles from humerus nearly to point where
greatest width of elytron is attained, and a single series for the remainder
of the length. The lateral carinse of pronotum are more conspicuous than
usual, being readily traceable from point just back of callosities to pos-
terior margin of pronotum.
The only specimens thus far seen are those cited in connection
with Mr. Heidemann's description.
Leptoypha elliptica n. sp. — Length of an average male specimen (exclud-
ing "antennae), 2.93 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.32 mm.; width, .92 mm.;
greatest width of elytra, 1.22 mm.; length of antennal joints: 1, .13 mm.;
2, .099 mm. ; 3, .89 mm. ; 4, .33 mm. .
Form broadly elliptical ; hemelytra unusually expanded at middle, broadly
rounded at apex. Body coarsely punctured; the areoles in regular rows
only on costa and margin of hemelytra; median pronotal carina distinct;
lateral ones barely traceable on pronotal extension. Three short but sharp,
and convergent, almost fused spines on front of vertex, and two short,
58 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. Xli
sharp, not wholly decumbent, ones from back of vertex along inner mar-
gins of eyes.
General color stramineous to light reddish brown ; eyes and callosities
black; basal and apical joints or whole antennae infuscated; veinlets across
discoidal region of hemelytra (especially on costa) and on membrane more
or less embrowned. Head spines, margins of rostral sulcus, and collar
paler than ground color. Spots on pleurae below callosities and mesoster-
num darker than remainder of lower surface.
This, the largest of the species here considered, has a very
wide costal area in which there are two full series of large
areoles from humerus to or nearly to the point where elytron
begins to curve to form the apex.
Several specimens, labelled simply Texas, in the National col-
lection, of which a male is selected as type. Mr. Heidemann's
cabinet name is discreta.
Leptoypha mutica Say. — T(iHgis) mutica Say, Thomas. Descriptions of
new species of Heferopterous Hemiptera of North America, New Har-
mony, Indiana, December, 1831, p. 26; The complete writings of Thomas
Say on the entomology of North America, Vol. i, 1859, p. 349 (Indiana).
Length of an average specimen (excluding antennse), 2.9 mm.; length
of pronotum, 1.35 mm. ; width, .98 mm. ; greatest width of elytra, .99 mm. ;
length of antennal joint's: i, .13 mm.; 2, .099 mm.; 3, .49 mm.; 4, .23 mm.
Form oblong, a little constricted across bases of elytra and somewhat
narrowed behind. Surface coarsely punctured ; areoles in subcostal area
tending to be arranged in three series; a single series of large areoles on
membranal margin, merging into the uniseriate costa which can be seen
from above only to a point just short of widest part of hemelytra. Me-
dian pronotal carina distinct, lateral ones traceable, if at all, only on pos-
terior extension. Spines on front of vertex convergent, appearing almost
fused, short, sometimes nearly obsolete, spines from back of vertex decum-
bent along inner orbits, of variable length, sometimes reaching front of
eyes.
General color usually reddish brown, pruinose at various points, espe-
cially on head and anterior part of thorax. Eyes dark, callosities black ;
veinlets infuscated about discoidal areas and on membrane. Cephalic
spines, collar and disc of membrane paler. Some specimens are very prui-
nose, even the antennae being covered, while others become very dark,
sometimes almost black. The areas which most persistently remain light
are collar, apex of pronotal extension, and areas at humeral and cuneal
portions of elytra. Lower surface usually of uniform ground color except
for pale rim of rostral sulcus, and scattered pruinosity.
In L. mutica and L, brevicornis the costal area, according to the point
of view, is obsolete or defiexed anteriorly. The species are therefore more
Jiine,i9i7 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 59
slender and more nearly parallel-sided in appearance than others of the
genus. Viewed from above the subcostal area forms the lateral margin
of the hemelytra from humerus to a point just back of widest part. From
the side or beneath, however, the deflexed costa can be seen and inspection
of its surface reveals a uniseriate arrangement of the areoles. L. mutica
has the third antennal joint nearly or quite four times as long as the basal
joint.
This species, which varies greatly in color, being sometimes
almost entirely black is very common in the vicinity of Washing-
ton, D. C, on fringe-tree (Chionanthus virginica L.) and on
various species of ash {Fraxinus). It has been collected on
the food plants from May to October, has been found hibernating
among old leaves, and the nymphs have been seen from July to
September.
Other specimens seen show that the species occurs also in
Nebraska, Wisconsin, Ohio, Ontario, New Jersey, Tennessee,
and Texas. '
Leptoypha brevicornis Champion. — Leptoypha hrevicornis Champion, G.
C. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heter-
optera. Vol. 2, p. 32, December, 1897 (Omilteme in Guerrero, Mexico, 8,000
feet).
Length (excluding antenna), 2.27 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.13 mm.;
width, .82 mm.; greatest width of elytra, .89 mm.; length of antennal
joints: i, .099 mm.; 2, .099 mm.; 3, .36 mm.; 4, .19 mm.
Form not so narrowly oblong as in L. mutica, the pronotum proportion-
ally broader. Coarsely punctured, subcostal area largely triseriate; inner
margin of membrane with a single series of large areoles which becomes
two at apex and merges into the single series of costa which can be seen
(from above) to a point just behind greatest elytral expansion. Cephalic
spines as in L. mutica.
Color stramineous to light reddish brown; eyes and callosities black;
veinlets infuscated across discoidal areas and on membrane; pruinosity
generally distributed. Under surface reddish brown, bucculae paler, pleural
spots and mesosternum darker; more or less pruinose.
L. hrevicornis is smaller than L. mutica; the antenna is shorter
and the third joint of antenna is distinctly less than four times
as long as the first; a proportion which it nearly or quite attains
in L. mutica. However, the two forms are very closely related
and it may well prove that hrevicornis is a southern and western
subspecies of mutica.
60 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
From their perfect agreement with description and figu!-e (PI.
2, fig. 28) of L. brevicornis, two specimens collected in the
Argus Mountains, California, April, 1891, by Albert Koebele are
assigned to this species. Specimens collected by Mr. C. A. Hart
at Brownsville, Texas, December 8, 1910, and November 21,
191 1, also are referred here.
Key to the Species of Leptostyla.*
A. Pronotum widest at about middle; paranota angulate velifer n. sp.
AA. Pronotum widest behind ; paranota not angulate.
B. Third joint of antenna shorter than pronotum; anterior third of
costal margin with two series of about equal-sized areoles ;
elytra widest near base clitorics Heidemann.
BB. Third joint of antenna about as long as pronotum; anterior third
of costal margin not with two series of equal-sized areoles ;
elytra widest near apex.
C. Form narrower ; elytra widest near apex ; anterior third of costal
margin with a single series of large rectangular areoles; cos-
tal cross-veinlets hyaline oblonga Say.
CC. Form broader; elytra about as wide across discoidal areas as
at apex; anterior third of costal margin with an outer series
of large areoles and an interdigitating inner series of small
areoles; costal cross-veinlets dark,
heidemanni Osborn & Drake.
Leptostyla velifer n. sp. — Length of an average specimen (excluding an-
tennae and cephalic spines), 2.93 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.28 mm.;
width, 1.22 mm.; greatest width of elytra, 1.32 mm.; length of antennal
joints : i, .36 mm. ; 2, .099 mm. ; 3, 1.36 mm. ; 4, .33 mm.
Antennse long and slender ; three long, diverging, sharp-pointed spines
on head, underneath the median one of which are two shorter laterally
converging spines. Paranota flaring, roundly angulate at middle, strongly
refiexed, so that rounded posterior angle is almost vertical to surface of
pronotum ; four rows of areoles at widest point. Hood oblong, wider and
higher behind ; carinse thin, high and distinct, the lateral ones, uniseriate
and simply arched, the median one with a single series of large squarish
areoles, the upper edge, higher in front, rounded at the ends and sinuate
in middle. Costal area with large areoles in from two to three series ;
subcostal with the same number of series of smaller areoles ; discoidal area
with conspicuously raised margin.
Color stramineous; basal and terminal joints of antennse, eyes, non-
membranous parts of thorax, spots near apices of outer margins of dis-
coidal areas, and under surface, except edges of rostral sulcus and legs,
fuscous to black. Legs, intermediate antennal joints, edges of carinae, etc.,
a few cross veinlets in costa and some in membrane testaceous.
* Stal, Enum. Hemip., 3, 1873, p. 120.
June, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 6 1
The angulate expansions of the pronotum and the comparatively large
size of this species give it the aspect of a Gargaphia. However, it has the
generic characters of Leptostyla. In this genus it needs to be compared
particularly with L. data Champion (Biol. Centr.-Amer. Heteroptera, 2,
p. 16, 1897). It differs from that species in the greater development of
the hood, the front declivity of which also is much steeper; in having
3 as the maximum and 2 as the minimum number of series of areoles in
the costal margin, instead of 4 and 3 respectively, and in having less dark
marking.
From L. dilaticollis Champion (pp. 18-19), to which it is not so closely
related, it differs in having 3 long, diverging, instead of 2 short, converg-
ing spines on vertex; in the first antennal joint being more than 2^ times
as long as second; and in having the maximum number of series of areoles
in the costal margin 3 instead of 4.
First and last joints of antenna, base and spot near apex of discoidal
area, a few veins in costal area and apical third of elytra fuscous to black ;
membranous parts of body hyaline, most of the veins testaceous ; legs and
intermediate antennal joints of same color.
Numerous specimens obtained in Arizona in 1882 by H. K.
Morrison, all in National Collection. A female type and male
allotype have been selected. Both Uhler and Heidemann used
the cabinet name velifica for this species. Uhler also at one time
called it Gargaphia reticulata.
Leptostyla clitoriae Heidemann. — Leptostyla clitoricc Heidemann, Otto.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 13, No. 3, July-Sept, 191 1 (September 30, 1911),
pp. 180-181, fig. 4 (Rock Creek, D. C, Washington, D. C, Plummers
Island, Md., Columbus, Texas) ; Leptostyla costofasciata Drake, Carl J.,
Ohio Jour, of Sci., 16, No. 7, May, 1916, pp. 326-328 (Clarksville, Tenn.).
Length of an average specimen (excluding antennae), 2.24 mm.; length
of pronotum, .957 mm. ; width, .72 mm. ; greatest width of elytra, .957 mm. ;
length of antennal joints : i, .099 mm. ; 2, .099 mm. ; 3, .757 mm. ; 4, .18 mm.
Form broadly oblong, constricted at humeri and again beyond discoidal
areas; hemelytra widening again behind. Superior median spine of head
long, ascending, then somewhat decurved, inferior median spines shorter,
in and up curved so that they and the superior spine to a certain extent
converge; lateral spines short, projecting straight forward along inner
orbits. Pronotum (disregarding posterior extension) heart-shaped, the
apex cut off by a line farthest advanced at anterior angles and middle,
sinuate between. Hood not conspicuous, paranota well reflexed, biseriate;
carinte moderately high, uniseriate, the lateral ones arched, the median
bisinuate. Costal area mostly biseriate; subcostal and discoidal areas
mostly triseriate.
Among the species included in the above key, L. cUtorice is easily recog-
62 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
nized by its small size, shortness of antennje, and very dark color. The
underside of body and all median parts of upper surface, except hood,
apex of pronotum and three large areoles in sutural area vary from fus-
cous to black (the discs of areoles may be hyaline or w^hitish) and lateral
extensions of this pattern are found on posterior part of pronotal margin,
on costal area at widest part of elytra and near apex of elytra. The lateral
margin otherwise is clear; the veinlets stramineous. The first, second,
and fourth antennal joints vary from fuscous to black, the third joint and
the legs from stramineous to testaceous.
The species is abundant about Washington, D. C, and occurs
not only upon the plant (Clitoria mariana L.) for which Mr.
Heidemann named it, but also on various species of Lespedeza
and Meihomia. Specimens have been collected from late June
to September. Examples of the species from Tennessee and
South Carolina also have been seen. Mr. Heidemann compares
the species to L. constricta Champion, to which indeed it is very
similar. If the respective illustrations can be trusted, however,
the species are sufficiently distinct. The pronotum of L. con-
stricta is longer and narrower than the same part in clitoricu and
the hemelytra are much more constricted beyond the discoidal
area and do not widen again as they do in the present species.
L. constricta is recorded from the Nearctic region by Van Duzee,
but no specimens have been seen by the writer.
Leptostyla oblonga Say. — Tingis ohlonga Say, Thomas. Descriptions of
new Hemipterous Insects collected in the expedition to the Rocky Moun-
tains . . . under command of Major Long. Journal of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Vol. 4, 1825, pp. 326-327; Compl. Writ-
ings, Vol. 2, 1859, P- 248 (Missouri).
Length of an average specimen (excluding antennse and spines), 2.83
mm. ; length of pronotum, 1.08 mm. ; width, .79 mm. ; greatest width of
elytra across discoidal areas, .92 mm. ; near apex, .99 mm. ; length of an-
tennal joints: i, .26 mm.; 2, .08 mm.; 3, 1.32 mm.; 4, .39 mm.
Form narrowly oblong constructed at humeri and just before tip of
elytra. Head with three long, sharp spines from back of vertex, under
the median one of which are two shorter laterally converging ones arising
from front of vertex. Hood well developed, oblong, broadest and highest
in front'. Paranota well reflexed, with a single series of large squarish
areoles. Carinse moderately high, uniseriate ; the lateral ones viewed from
above, a little wavy behind. Costal area with a single series of large
squarish areoles from humeri to or near end of discoidal area, biseriate
near constriction, then again uniseriate.
June, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 63
Underside of body (except edges of rostral sulcus), eyes, nonmem-
branous parts of pronofum and spots near apices of discoidal areas black.
Basal and apical joints of antennae fuscous to black; intermediate joints
and legs stramineous to testaceous, tips of tarsi black ; membranous parts
of upper surface mostly whitish hyaline; crest of hood, veins on sutural
area, and membrane brown ; the subcostal and discoidal areas sometimes
have a brownish ground color.
This is the only American Leptostyla known that, has a single
series of large, rectangular areoles in the costal area, of which
they occupy the anterior third. This character together with the
entirely hyaline lateral margins of the elytra, clearly distinguish
the species.
Specimens examined are from West Point, Nebr. ; Ames, Iowa ;
Cahokia, 111. ; Polk County, Wis. ; Amery, Wis. ; Glen Echo, Md. ;
and Maryland near Plummers Id. The last specimen listed was
taken by the writer, July 26, 1914, on a thin-leaved, climbing,
leguminous plant {Falcata comosa L.). The Ames, Iowa, speci-
mens were collected July 9, 1894, by Dr. E. D. Ball on Petalo-
stemon. Dr. Ball tells me that almost every plant of this genus
found on dry gravelly knolls bears specimens of this tingid. The
Amery, Wis., examples were found on a basswood leaf by Mr.
D. M. De Long.
Leptostyla heidemanni Osborn & Drake. — Leptostyla heidemanni Oshorn,
Herbert and Drake, Carl J. The Tingitoidea of Ohio, Ohio State Uni-
versity Bulletin 20, No. 35, June, 1916, pp. 238-239 (Arkansas, Washington,
D. C, Newton, Mass.).
Length of an average specimen (excluding antennse and spines), 3.1
mm.; length of pronotum, 1.18 mm.; width, .86 mm. ; width of elytra across
discoidal areas, 1.02 mm.; near apex, 1.05 mm.; length of antennal joints:
I, .26 mm.; 2, .08 mm.; 3, 1.25 mm.; 4, ,36 mm.
Very similar to L. oblonga. The hood is more rounded triangular in
outline viewed from above, but as in oblonga is highest and widest in
front. L. heidemanni is further distinguished structurally from oblonga
by the elytra being practically as wide across discoidal areas as near apex ;
and by the possession of two series of areoles in anterior part of costal
area, of which the inner are smaller and alternated with the larger ones
of the outer series.
In color this species is similar to oblonga, with the chief exception that
the cross-veinlets of the costal area are dark. A few cells at apex of
elytra and just within the posterior convexity of the elytron also are
infuscated.
64 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
Of the numerous species of Leptostyla mentioned in the Biologia Cen-
t'rali-Americana, L. heidemanni need be contrasted only with gracilenta
and angMstata. Both of these species have the subcostal area biseriate,
while heidemanni has from three to four series of areoles in this division
of the hemelytron ; furthermore, those species have two series of full-
sized areoles in the costal area instead of one series of large and one of
small cells.
Leptostyla heidemanni is extremely common about Washing-
ton, D. C, on its food plant Baptisia tinctoria L., which is not
only often, but usually, severely injured by the feeding operations
of these little Tingids. Other localities represented by the ma-
terial examined are: Forest Hills and Springfield, Mass., New
Jersey, and Shreveport, La. Mr. Heidemann's cabinet name for
this species was L. affinis; I have also seen the name similis on
some specimens.
STUDIES IN THE OLD TESTAMENT.
By R. p. Dow, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Before considering each insect in the order of its mention in
the Old Testament, it might give a better understanding if the
order of creatioh as given in Genesis is compared with the order
assumed by modern science to be the correct one. Our evolu-
tionary theories are less than a century old. The writers of the
Pentateuch may have been ignorant of the nature of the world
as a component of the universe, and may have been filled with
the wisdom of ages since forgotten. But that does not figure in
the Book, the allegory, and the. imagery of which is always
graphic. The progress of creation is given day by day, the verbal
order not agreeing with the correct sequence of time. Genesis I :
II narrates that on the third day came grass, the herb yielding
seed, the fruit tree reproducing itself. On a day following the
moon and the stars were placed in the heavens. Well, what of it?
None of the greatest philosophers of Greece or Rome had prog-
ressed sufficiently to have an improved order in his mind. Dur-
ing the present century the head of the great Arab University in
Cairo was asked whether the earth revolved around the sun or
June, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 65
the sun around the earth.. After long reflection he replied that
he had never given the matter any thought, for it seemed to be
of no importance and certainly of no consequence to him. It
was of no consequence to the writer of Genesis I, but does his
narrative sufter?
As a next step the waters brought forth living creatures, first
fowls, then whales, and every living creature in the waters.
Then followed all the creatures of the land, cattle, creeping thing,
beast of the earth, and finally man. There is no profit in com-
paring this sequence with present notions; merely regrettable
that commentators of fifteen centuries have wasted efforts co
distort facts to fit literal construction of allegory given with the
utmost poetic license.
Genesis II : 2 relates that Adam in a day reviewed every living
creature in Eden and gave to each its name. Ninety years ago
the Linnean Society of London was engaged in an effort to
identify a few species of the genus Apion, of which Herbst's de-
scriptions were not clear, and of which actual specimens could
not satisfactorily be laid out so as to differentiate into species.
Rev. William Kirby was at this time leading spirit in the Lin-
nean Society and a vigorous polemical preacher. He argued from
the pulpit that the circumstance proved the immensity of the fall
of man from Eden, since Adam had mentality to name every in-
sect in a day, while the Linneans struggled for months over a
few beetles. The number of insect species in existence, esti-
mated by Ray in 1698 at 20,000, was surely estimated in Kirby 's
day as multiplied by a hundred at least. Here again the pitiful
results of distorting fact to fit allegory. Every creature received
a name from the first man who tried to tell another about it.
Every minute insect must have a name if it is to be made a sub-
ject of comment.
Genesis VIII describes the Flood, which was certainly a vast
one, as it is described in the literature of almost all eastern coun-
tries. The Biblical account is very explicit indeed, how Noah,
ninth generation from Adam, constructed an ark, saved his fam-
ily and all kinds of living creatures, some in pairs, others in
sevens. The waters prevailed upon the earth 150 days. The
ark measured exactly 300 by 50 by 30 cubits. In the first place
66 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
a pair of every known animal would not fit within the space.
Again, the insect population could not be sustained alive that
length of time without ample supply of every food plant. More-
over, all gill-breathing creatures could survive outside in their
antediluvian abundance, and the conventionally fixed 5,000 years
or less since the f^ood would not suffice to restore the balance of
numbers between creatures with lungs and creatures with gills.
The best that the literal interpreters can do with this passage is to
argue that evolution has multiplied the number of species and that
the ark did contain every species then existing. At the present
rate of evolving new species it would take to double the number
of animals at least a hundred times the number of years that
have elapsed since the flood. It is merely more pity that Genesis
should be distorted.
In Leviticus appears a list of insects that may be eaten, the
definition being " flying creeping thing that goeth upon all four,
which have legs above their feet, to leap withal upon the earth."
The inspired lawgiver of Leviticus was not an entomologist. He
had not observed, perhaps no one had observed that an insect has
six legs. Eveii Aristotle described the day fly as having four
legs. How thoroughly absurd are some comments by sermon
writers trying to twist out of their own difficulties. One clergy-
man wrote that the locust has only four crawling legs and that
Moses could not consider the saltatory ones as legs at all. An
English preacher declared that the forefeet of insects are so often
used as paws that they cannot be properly considered as feet.
The first Old Testament mention of a creature undoubtedly an
insect is in Exodus VII., describing one of the plagues. The
plague of hail has often been interpreted as an insect plague, their
being nothing about the Hebrew word to indicate that it means
hail rather than any other damaging instrument. Evidence is too
slight for argument, so better accept the hail. The plague to be
examined is thus described in the King James English : " Stretch
out thy rod, and smite the dust of the land, that it may become
lice throughout all the land of Egypt. And they did so; for
Aaron stretched out his hand and his rod, and smote the dust
of the earth, and it became lice in man and in beast; all the dust
of the land became lice throughout all the land of Egypt. And
June,i9i7 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 67
the magicians did so with their enchantments to bring forth lice,
but they could not ; so there were lice upon man, and upon beast."
The Hebrew word is kinnim (always plural), and it occurs
again in Psalm CV as a direct paraphrase throwing no light upon
its meaning. There have been great differences of opinion about
its proper translation. Commentators have dug up a Hebrew
verb root implying to be fixed or remaining fast, this to back up
a translation as ticks with lice as a second choice, but the root
is in doubt. In the Talmuds there appear not a few references
to kinnah, meaning there lice without possibility of mistake.
This was the word which caused the King James translators to
agree upon lice. Even before the time of the Septuagint there
had been noted a resemblance to the Greek word knips, plu.
knipes; but to connect the two the consonant ps must be gotten
rid of in violation of every etymological law. In the Syriac ver-
sion the word was first spelled Ciniphes, this translator taking it
for granted that the word was the same knipes. The Roman
fathers based their ideas on this version. St. Augustine says:
" Scyniphes musculce sunt hrevissimce," and Arnobius Afer, 295
A. D., expresses the same idea. That the kinnim were flies was
wholly a Roman interpretation. This plague was known to
Flavins Josephus, the Roman historian, who regarded the beasts
as lice, getting his information not from the Old Testament, which
he never saw, but from the Chaldsean Targum, or Commentary.
The Polyglot translators held to Josephus and used the word
pediculi, which is both good Latin and modern scientific for the
various species of lice. In the English Revised version there is
a marginal note suggesting fleas or sand fleas, this idea being ac-
cepted from the argument of an eminent Medieval Rabbi. The
translations as ticks are for the most part quite modern. The
scholars of Linnaeus were inclined to fix upon the Acarus san-
guisugus, the blood-sucking mite.
Even more than in any previous passage of the Pentateuch
there occurs in the present instance the repetition of phrases
which is the poetic form which is the equivalent of rhyme or
rhythm in other languages. The writer of Exodus knew per-
fectly well what kinnim were, for lice were a constant plague in
Egypt, but he cared little what beast it was that figured as the
68 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
maker of the great plague. His expression is merely unliteral
allegory of obstacles piled up to prevent the exodus of the He-
brews, and to identify a species in connection with it is at best
arrant nonsense.
In the same chapter of Exodus, verses 21, 22, 24, and 29, is
described another plague, in the King James version thus :
" I will send swarms of flies upon thee, and upon thy servants,
and upon thy people, and into thy houses; and the houses of the
Egyptians shall be full of swarms of flies, and also the ground
whereon they are.
"And I will sever the land of Goshen, in which my people
dwell, that no swarms of flies shall be there.
" And there came a grievious swarm of flies into the house of
Pharaoh and into his servants' houses, and into all the land of
Egypt; and the land was corrupted ('destroyed,' margin) by
reason of the swarm of flies.
This plague was not unlike its predecessor, described in general
terms, not giving or intending to give any clear idea of its nature.
The word used is arob^ about the et3'mology or meaning of which
there is no doubt. It means swarm, multitude, abundance. In
the King James translation the word sebub is understood, making
it mean swarm of flies. The trouble with this interpretation is
that swarms of flies are a constant plague in Egypt, causing more
ophthalmia than in any other land in the world. Musca domes-
tica is more plentiful than all other insects combined. It is hard
to imagine how in any number they could constitute a great
plague to figure in the greatest narrative ever written. The com-
mentators in all centuries have very generally taken some such
view and made every effort to demonstrate that the swarm wa^*
something much more terrible than ordinary flies. The Ro-
man fathers generally construed it as a mixture of various
kinds of flies. Some of the Jews before the Christian era inter-
preted it as various animals. Flavius Josephus got his infor-
mation about the matter from the Babylonian Targum. A seven-
teenth century translation of Josephus renders it "a mixture of
noisesome beasts," which phrase appears in the margin of the
King James version. An Arabic version comes out more strongly,
" a mixture of wild beasts, venemous insects and reptiles." An
Jiine,igi/' Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 69
eminent Rabbi of the A/Tiddle Ages wrote: "all kinds of venem-
ous animals, as serpents and scorpions." Still another Rabbi
laid stress upon the presence of winged scorpions, a peculiar ani-
mal in some ways like the unicorn, figuring much in literature
of all ages, but of which a specimen has never been found. Even
Pliny speaks of the winged scorpion as absolutely deadly. Eben
Ezra wrote : " all the wild beasts mingled in association, as lions,
bears and leopards." A Portuguese Rabbi said : " a mixture of
vermin." Dr. Geddes : " a swarm of beetles," but he at once
proved his own ignorance by describing the beetle, the Blatta
cogyptiaca, a voracious cockroach. Dr. T. M. Harris reviewed
the situation judicially and decided that one particular species was
meant, not a mixture of different animals. The septuagint settled
upon the kunontuia. Michaelis insisted on Tabanus. Dr. J. D.
Westwood, of Oxford, regarded it as Culex and argued his case.
A Smithsonian expert has chosen Hippobosca equina, and claimed
for the sebub of Ecclesiastes and Isaiah either Hcematopota
pluvialis or Chrysops coccutiens. The common Arabic word for
fly, simb, is not often quoted in evidence. Much, however, has
been written in claim of arob of zebub as the creature implied in
the word of an Ethiopian translation, which by the way still sur-
vives to describe a terrible gadfly, tsaltsalya. This has been
claimed to be the African fly alluded to in Isaiah, and has even
been identified as the tsetze fly, its author asserting that this
horse-killing parasite was known to the writer of Exodus.
At all this farrago the author of Exodus might well be aston-
ished. He was a poet, not a' natural historian, wherefore his
allegory is all the more beautiful.
A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF DICTYOPHARA GERM.
By Edmund H. Gibson, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
The genus Dictyophara Germ, is represented in the United
States by four species, all of which are common east of the Rocky
Mountains and especially so in the south. However, they are
seldom observed or captured in large numbers, and although plant
feeders their exact economic status is not known.
70 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
Dictyophara belongs in the tribe Dictyopharini of the subfam-
ily Dictyopharinse and may be distinguished from the only other
two genera, Scolops Schaum. and Phylloscelis Germ, of the same
tribe which occur north of Mexico, by its triangularly produced
vertex.
This paper is based upon a large series of specimens in the col-
lection of the U. S. National Aluseum.
Dictyophara Germ. Dictyophara Germar in Silb. Rev. Ent.,
I> P- 175) 1833 ; Pseudophana Burmeister, Handb., II, i, p. 146,
1843; Chanithus Kolenati Mel. Ent., VII, p. 29, 1857; Nersia
Stal, Bidr. Rio Jan. Hem., II, p. 62; 1858.
Dictyophara may be characterized as follows : Vertex pro-
duced triangularly with three carinje, the median one in certain
species ending before the middle; three frontal carinse more or
less parallel : pronotum short and emarginate on posterior border :
forewings long, greatly exceeding the abdomen and more or less
reticulate. Species usually bright green with but slight color
markings or variations. The logotype of the genus is europcea
Linn.
Key to the Species.
1. Transverse veinlets of the forewings forming three nearly regular
bands dioxys Walk.
Transverse veinlets of the forewings in no regular pattern 2.
2. Length of vertex twice or more its basal width microrhina Walk.
Length of vertex slightly longer than its basal width 3.
3. Frontal carinse meeting in an obtuse angle and tinged with black. Fe-
male plates short, extremely broad and rounding florens Stal.
Frontal carina meeting in an acute angle and not tinged with black.
Female plates long and narrow lingula VanD.
Dictyophara dioxys Walk. Dictyophara dioxys Walker, List
, of Hom., Suppl., p. 61, 1858; Nersia ciirviceps Stal, Bidr. Rio
Jan. Hem., p. 64, 1861.
This species may easily be separated from the other three
species by the cross veinlets of the forewings forming three more
or less regular bands. The vertex is hardly twice as long as wide
and in this respect would come between microrhina and lingula.
It is known to occur from New Jersey south and west through
Texas.
Dictyophara microrhina Walk. Dictyophara microrhina
Walker, List. Hom., Vol. i, p. 315, 1851.
June.igiy Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 71
This is the largest of the North American species with a ver-
tex more than twice as long as wide. The apical half of the
forewing is very finely reticulated. The elevation of the apex of
the vertex varies considerably within the species. This is the
most common of our species and has a distribution from New
York west to Kansas, south to Texas and Florida.
Dictyophara florens Stal. Nersia florens Stal, Bidr. Rio Jan.
Hem., II, p. 64, 1861.
The most prominent specific characters of this species are its
short vertex which is but little longer than its basal width, its wide
front with carinse meeting in an obtuse angle, and the carinas
being tinged with black just before and at their point of meeting.
Specimens are at hand from Kansas, Texas, and Florida.
Dictyophara lingula Van D. Dictyophara lingula VanDuzee,
Proc. Acad. Sci. Philadelphia, Dec, 1907.
Very similar to florens but without black markings near the
apex of vertex or base of front. The frontal carina do not di-
verge before meeting as much as in florens. They meet in an
acute angle. Length of the vertex is slightly more than its basal
width. It is known to occur from New Jersey to Florida.
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CONTENTS.
FAMILY ISOMETOPID^ IN NORTH AMERICA, Gibson 73
NOTES ON NEARCTIC TINGID^, McAtee 78
NOTES ON MIRIDJE INHABITING ASH, Knight 80
STUDIES IN THE HYDNOCERINI, Chapin 83
THREE NEW CHALCID FLIES, Girault 85
NEW CHALCID FLIES WITH NOTES, Girault 86
THREE NEW ANDRENA FROM UNITED STATES, Malloch . . 89
MAINE BUPRESTID^ AND CERAMBYCID^, Nicolay 92
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Vol. XII October, 1917 No. 4
THE FAMILY ISOMETOPID^ FIEB. AS REPRESENTED
IN NORTH AMERICA. (HETEROPTERA.)
By Edmund H. Gibson, U. S. Bureau of Entomology,
Washington, D. C.
A keen interest was taken in the family Isometopidse by the
late Mr. Otto Heidemann which resulted in a short but very
admirable treatise which he published in 1907. Since that date
there has been no further contribution to our knowledge of this
little but interesting and rather unique group.
With the addition of one new genus and three new species
herein described the family is represented in North America by
three genera and seven species. Members of the family are also
known to occur in Central Europe and in the East Indies. These
little insects are not at all common and are considered prizes to
the collector. Their seeming rarity may be due to their minute
size and to the habit, of at least a few species, of feeding on the
bark of trees.
The family was first described by Fieber in i860 and at times
has been considered a subfamily of Miridse but to the writer and
several others this seems unwarranted.
The family Isometopidae may be characterized as follows : head
short, vertical, and more or less depressed beneath resembling the
head of a Homopteron; antennae four jointed with the second
joint longer than the other three taken together ; rostrum four
jointed ; eyes large ; ocelli near the base of the head and con-
siderably raised; thorax much wider than head and prominent;
scutellum prominent being considerably raised above the elytra;
Membrane with two cells.
74 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
Key to the Genera.
1. Lateral borders of pronotum wide, more or less flaring, and with
carinae 2.
Lateral borders of pronotum distinctly rounded, and without carinae,
Lidopus n. g.
2. Anterior border of pronotum much narrower than posterior; lateral
borders if produced would meet at a point on the front of the head,
Myiomma Put.
Anterior border of pronotum slightly narrower than posterior; the lat-
eral margins if produced would meet at a point considerably before
the front of the head Isometopus Fieb.
Genus Lidopus n. g. — Form ovate. Head very short, vertical, front de-
pressed beneath. Base of vertex higher than anterior margin of pronotum.
Rostrum extending to posterior coxse. Ocelli distinct but not prominent
or raised. Eyes large, distance between them less than width of an eye.
Antennae with second joint longest. Head fitting snug against the pro-
notum. Pronotum narrowed anteriorly but little, if sides were produced
they would meet at a point considerably before front of the head. Lateral
margins of pronotum broadly rounded with but a slight trace of a carina.
Scutellum with sides equilateral.
Type of the genus is heidemanni n. sp.
This genus resembles Myiomma in form and general shape
of the head but differs from it as well as from Isometopus by
the extremely convex pronotum with broadly rounded lateral
margins.
Lidopus heidemanni n. sp. — Head short, compact, vertical, and more or
less depressed beneath. Front nearly flat. Eyes large, distance between
them less than the width of an eye. Ocelli small but distinct. Antennae
with the first joint the shortest and the second twice as long as the others
taken together, fourth shorter than the third, second joint gradually swollen
towards the apex. Rostrum reaching to the first abdominal segment.
Pronotum strongly convex above with lateral margins broadly rounded
and with but a slight trace of a carina, lateral margins if produced would
meet at a point considerably before the front of the head. Pronotum and
scutellum evenly punctate. Scutellum with sides equilateral and raised
above the elytra. Elytra nearly flat, costal margins somewhat flaring.
Membrane extending for nearly half of its length beyond the cuneus.
Legs short. Posterior femora swollen. Length of female 2.3 mm. from
front of head to apex of elytra. Male 2 mm. Width across posterior
margin of pronotum .75 mm.
Color. — Head, pronotum and scutellum dark reddish brown to black.
Apex of head lighter brown. Second and fourth antennal joints dark.
Oct.,igiy Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 75
third yellow to cream. Pronotum and scutellum shiny; apex of scutellum
white or cream colored. Elytra dark brown, becoming even darker at
apex and along costal border. Two transverse white streaks at the base
, of the cuneus. Membrane smoky. Under side dark reddish brown, legs
dark with light bands at apex of femur and tibia. Middle and hind coxae
white.
Described from seven females and three males collected by
Messers E. A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber at San Diego and
Brownsville, Texas, and now in the collection of the U. S.
National Museum.
Named in honor of the memory of the late Mr. Otto
Heidemann.
This species can easily be recognized from all others of the
family by its extremely convex pronotum and color pattern of
the elytra.
Genus Myiomma Put. — Myiomma Puton, Hemipteres, Ann. Soc. Ent.
France, Vol. 3, ser. 5, pp. 20^21, 1873. Heidemannia Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc.
Washington, Vol. 2, No. i, 1891.
Form elliptical, nearly flat above. Head small, projecting above the pro-
notum ; eyes large ; vertex triangular ; face oblong, curving backwards be-
neath. Antennae attached beneath inner angle of the eyes. Pronotum
transverse, anterior border much narrower than posterior; lateral margins
flaring. Costal margins of elytra feebly curved, broadly reflexed; mem-
brane blunt. Legs short, anterior femor wide. Type of the genus is
fieberi Put.
Myiomma cixiiformis Uhl. — Heidemannia cixiiformis Uhler, Proc. Ent.
Soc. Washington, Vol. 2, No. i, 1891.
This species can be easily separated from all other Isometopidse by the
extremely small head with eyes nearly meeting. Both Uhler and Heide-
mann dwelt on the habits and description of this species in detail in their
treatises. It is knoAvn to occur in New York, Delaware, Maryland, and
Virginia.
Myiomma media n. sp. — Head short, broad, vertical, with apex depressed
as in cixiiformis Uhl. Eyes large and bulging as in Isometopus. Dis-
tance between eyes slightly less than width of an eye. Ocelli large, promi-
nent and considerably raised. Posterior border of head distinctly concave.
Pronotum short and broad, much narrowed anteriorly. Lateral sides of
pronotum if produced would meet at a point on the front of the head.
Lateral margins flaring but not as much so as in Isometopus. Scutellum
large, longer than the basal width. Pronotum and scutellum strongly pu-
bescent. Elytra elongate, sides nearly straight. Length 2.5 mm.
Color. — Head, pronotum, and scutellum dark reddish brown. Elytra
light fuscous, blotched with darker fuscous. Reddish beneath.
76 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
Described from a single male specimen collected by Messers
E. A, Schwarz and H. S. Barber at Williams, Ariz., and now in
the collection of the U. S. National Museum.
The specimen described is neither a typical Myiom-ma, Iso-
metopus, or Lidopus, but as the form of the pronotum is nearest
Myiomma it appears best to place it in this genus until more
specimens are procured.
Genus Isometopus Fieb. — Isometopus Fieber, Exegesen. Wiener Ent.
Monatschrift, iv, pp. 258-259, i860. Cephalocoris Stein, Berl. Ent. Zeit.,
p. 79, i860.
Somewhat broadly ovate; head broad, rounded in front. Third and
fourth joints of antennae slender and short. Pronotum transverse, pos-
terior border slightly wider than anterior, lateral borders if produced
would meet at a point considerably before front of head, lateral margins
flaring. Hemelytra convexly ampliated on each side.
Type of the genus is intriisus H. S.
Key to the Species.
1. Elytra uniformly dark in color unicolor Held.
Elytra not uniformly dark in color, with a more or less definite color
pattern 2
2. Posterior half of pronotum and scutellum light in color; antennae, ros-
trum, and legs dark lihertus n. sp.
Entire portion of pronotum and scutellum dark brown or black; an-
tennae, rostrum, and legs light fuscous or white 3
3. Fuscous markings at center and apex of corium signatus Heid.
No fuscous markings at center or apex of corium. The only color
markings are at apex of clavus and center of posterior margin of
corium pulchellus Heid.
Isometopus unicolor Heid. — Isometopus unicolor Heidemann, Proc. Ent.
Soc. Washington, Vol. 9, p. 130, 1907.
This species can readily be distinguished from all others by it's uniform
color. No distinct color markings. It is also slightly larger than either
signatus or pulchellus and about equal to lihertus. Its occurrence has been
reported from Arizona.
Isometopus libertus n. sp. — Form ovate. Head short, broad, vertical.
Eyes large, distance between them greater than width of an eye. Ocelli
small but distinct. Eyes protruding to the rear of the posterior line of
the vertex. Second joint of antennae slightly swollen at apex. Basal
width more than twice the length of pronotum. Anterior half of pro-
notum slightly depressed but with a transverse ridge in the center, not
running to the lateral borders. Posterior border of pronotum straight,
lateral margins flaring and if produced would meet at a point considerably
Oct., 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 77
before the front of the head. Scutellum large and raised above the elytra.
Surface of the elytra convex. Pronotum, scutellum, and elytra densely
clothed with fine hairs. Posterior femora swollen but not greatly so.
Length of female 2.2 mm. Width at base of pronotum i mm.
Color. — Head and anterior half of pronotum black, but with base of
head tinged with light russet. Antennae dark brown. Posterior half of
pronotum, scutellum, and elytra russet brown. Elytra with an irregular
transverse darker brown band. Membrane smoky. Beneath dark brown
to black.
Described from a single female in the collection of the U. S.
National Museum bearing a Schwarz and Barber collector label.
The specimen was taken at Las Vegas H. S., New Mexico.
Easily recognized by the light colored scutellum and the pro-
notum being divided into two color bands or zones.
Isometopus signatus Heid. — Isometopus signatus Heidemann, Proc. Ent.
Soc. Washington, Vol. 9, pp. 129-130, 1907.
This species may be differentiated from the others of the genus by the
color pattern of the elytra which is in the form of an irregular H. Two
large fuscous spots on the center of the corium joined at the apex of the
clavus and fusing into the fuscous apex of the cuneus. Specimens are at
hand from Texas.
Isometopus pulchellus Heid. — Isometopus pulchellus Heidemann, Proc.
Ent. Soc. Washington, Vol. 9, pp. 128-129, 1907.
Easily recognized by its white or cream colored elytra which is in con-
trast to the more or less shiny black pronotum and scutellum. Elytra with
small fuscous spots at apex of clavus and near center of the posterior
margin of the cuneus. Recorded from New York, West Virginia, and
Virginia.
Bibliography.
Distant. Fauna Brit. Ind., Vol. 2, pp. 483-486, 1904.
Fieber. Exegesen. Wiener Ent. Monatschrift, iv, pp. 258-259, i860; Europ.
Hem. Wien, pp. 26, 237, 1861.
Heidemann. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, Vol. 9, pp. 126-130, 1907.
Herrich-Schaffer. Wanz. Ins., vi, p. 48, 1839.
Oshanin. Verz. Palaearkt. Hem., Vol. i, p. 643, 1909.
Puton. Hemipteres, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Vol. 3, ser. 5, pp. 20-21, 1873.
Reuter. Bih. Vet. Ak. Handl., 3, No. i, p. 61, 1875.
Stein. Berl. Ent. Zeit., p. 79, i860.
Uhler. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, Vol. 2, No. i, p. 119, 1891.
Van Duzee. Check List Hem., N. Y. Ent. Soc, 1916.
78 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
A FEW NOTES CHIEFLY ON THE NAMES OF NEARCTIC
TINGID^.
By W. L. McAtee, Washington, D. C.
Acalypta grisea Heidemann. Acalypta grisea Heidemann,
Otto. Two new species of lace-bugs (Heteroptera; Tingidae).
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, i8,
No. 4, December, 1916 (June 11, 1917), pp. 217-9, Pl-i?- Ac-
cording to Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno, this is a synonym of his
A. lillianis. This is a fault for which I must own responsibility.
I prepared Mr. Heidemann's article for the press, but had never
seen A. lillianis and its publication therefore did not register
very deeply on my memory.
Corythucha marmorata Uhler. The food plants of this species
in the vicinity of Washington, D. C, are various members of the
genus Aster.
Corythucha crataegi Morrill. Corythuca arcuata cratcegi
subsp. nov. Morrill, August, W. Notes on the Immature Stages
of some Tingitids of the Genus Corythttca, Psyche 10, pp. 132-
133, August, 1903.
In their paper "The Tingitoidea of Ohio,"* Osborn, H. and
Drake, Carl J., describe the adult of this form, noting that they
find it a distinct species. They call it Corythucha cratcegi sp.
nov., but it is clear that Morrill must be the authority for this
name since he describes the €igg of cratcegi and calls attention to
its distinctness from that of arcuata. Article 27b of the Inter-
national Rules of Zoological Nomenclature asserts that the law
of priority obtains "When any stage in the life history is named
before the adult."
Corythucha cratcegi has been collected in the vicinity of Wash-
ington, D. C, upon the following plants: Cratcegus, Cephalan-
thus, and Amelanchier.
Corythucha incurvata Uhler. C. heteromelei Heidemann ms.
is a synonym.
Corythucha pallida Osborn and Drake. Corythucha pallida
O. & D., op. cit., pp. 230-231. This species was described from
* Ohio State Univ. Bulletin, 20, No. 35, June, 1916, pp. 229-230.
Oct.,igj7 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 79
5 specimens taken on linden. It is the form which has gone for
many years under the ms. name adusta Uhler, and is abundant
on mulberry in the region about Washington, D. C. Uhler's
name means " scorched," almost an opposite conception to that
implied by the name now cited. The term pallida seems inept
for a species distinguished by the clear brownish color of all the
thicker membranous parts.
Corythucha pruni Osborn and Drake. Corythucha pruni O.
6 D., op. cit., pp. 231-232. The ms. name cerasi was used for
this form by Uhler and Heidemann.
Corythucha bulbosa Osborn and Drake. Corythucha bulbosa
O. & D., op cit., pp. 232-233. The food plant of this species,
so long known under the highly appropriate ms. name carhonata
Uhler, is Staphylea trifolia. The species is usually abundant.
Gargaphia angulata Heidemann. The most common food
plant of this species does not seem to have been recorded. It
is Ceanothus americanus.
Gargaphia amorphae Walsh. Tingis amorphcE Walsh, Benj.
D. On Phytophagic varieties and Phytophagic species. Proc.
Ent. Soc, Phila., 3, 1864, p. 409.
This species is omitted from the recent Key to the Nearctic
Species by Drake. (Drake, Carl J., Key to the Nearctic Species
of Gargaphia with the Description of a New Species (Hem.
Heter.). Ent. News, 28, No. 5, May, 1917, pp. 227-8.)
It runs to the section with broad costal area having 4 or more
rows of areolae at the widest part. In this group, G. angulata
Heid. can be separated by absence of spines from back of vertex
along inner orbits, and probably the genus should be primarily
divided on this character. G. solani Heid. has the paranota wider
and more angulate than either tiliae or amorphae, and the hood
conspicuously higher. than median carina. G. amorphae in some
ways is intermediate between solani and tiliae. The hood is
higher than median carina, but not so much as in solani, and in
agreement with that species the apical angle of the discoidal area
is at the outer side. In tilios the hood is lower than the median
carina and the apical angle of discoidal area is about median.
Counting the maximum number of rows of areoles in the para-
nanota and discoidal areas, these three species have respectively :
tilicE, 4, 7 ; solani, 5, 5 ; and amorphce 3 and 5.
80 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
NOTES ON SPECIES OF MIRID^ INHABITING ASH
TREES (FRAXINUS) WIT^ THE DESCRIPTION
OF A NEW SPECIES (HEMIP.).*
By Harry H. Knight, Ithaca, New York.
The writer has been gathering data on the Hfe history and
habits of Miridse during the past three seasons and finds that
the species breeding on ash trees are of particular interest. All
the speceis of Neohorns, Xenoborus and Tropidosteptes are con-
fined to ash trees (Fraxinus) as far as can be determined. Data
is here given on the occurrence of certain species in New York
with notes on the food habits and relative abundance of the
species.
Tropidosteptes cardinalis Uhler. This species was found
breeding only on the white ash (Fraxinus americana) and occur-
ring in greatest numbers on the tender and succulent growth.
The writer also noticed that the adults soon leave the place where
they were reared and scatter to other more favorable growth for
depositing eggs.
Records: June 7 to June 16, Ithaca, N. Y. ; June 2y, Honeoye
Falls, N. Y. ; June 12 to June 25, Batavia, N. Y. ; July 4-5, Four
Mile, N. Y., collected by the writer. June 20, Pine Island, New
York (Wm. T. Davis).
Neoborus canadensis Van Duzee. This species was found on
Fraxinus americana in company with T. cardinalis and N. tri-
color on the Cornell Campus. The life cycle coincides very
closely with that of T. cardinalis but is found only in favored
spots.
Records: May 31 to June 16, Ithaca, N. Y. ; June 20 to Aug.
24, Batavia, N. Y. ; June 27, Portage, N. Y., collected by the
writer.
Neoborus geminus Say. Occurs on Fraxinus americana in
company with amoenus but found only during June and early
July. In the large series collected by the writer certain speci-
* Contribution from the Department of Entomology of Cornell Uni-
versity.
Oct.,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 81
mens show a gradation into the dark forms of amoenus and thus
the two may prove to be but varieties of the same species.
Records: June 13 to June 28, Batavia, N. Y. ; July 4-5, Four
Mile, N. Y. (H. H. Knight).
Neoborus amoenus Renter. Most abundant on Fraxinus
americana and F. pennsylvanica and found sparingly on F.
nigra. The species has two broods, the first adults maturing
about June 20 in western New York and continuing on the trees
up till frost or the middle of September.
Record: June 20 to Aug. 24, Batavia, N. Y. ; Sept. 14, Wyo-
ming, N. Y. (H. H. Knight).
Neoborus palmeri Renter. This form has been regarded as a
variety of amoenus but it is undoubtedly a good species. The
writer has found it only on the black ash (Fraxinus nigra) and
apparently coming earlier than X. plagifer and X. commissuralis.
Records: 5 5 July 30, 2 $ Aug. 6, Batavia, N. Y. (H. H.
Knight).
Neoborus pubescens new species. Very similar to certain dark forms of
amanus, but distinguished from that and other species in the genus except
tricolor by the presence of distinct pubescence.
Length 4.5-4.8 mm. Antennae and legs pale. Head more sharply pro-
duced and the front more vertical and flattened than in amoenus; black,
in the female the tips of the lorae and juga, each side of the median line
on the front, pale. Pronotum with sides distinctly carinate only on the
apical half; black, top of the collar, rather widely on the median line of
the disk, one and sometimes two rays behind each callus, pale yellow;
more coarsely punctured than in amcenus. Scutellum yellow, black at the
middle of the base and on the mesoscutum; sternum and pleura black,
orifice pale. Hemelytra pale, inner half of the clavus, along the claval
suture, large apical spot on the corium and slightly invading the embolium,
black. Membrane pale, in the female dark fuscous to black within the
cells and margining the veins; in the male dark fuscous and extending
to include the middle of the membrane. Venter black, sometimes paler
in the female.
Holotype: (^ July 23, Ithaca, New York (H. H. Knight) ;
author's collection.
Allotpye: taken with the type.
Paratypes: 3 $ July 23, i J* 31 $ July 26, Ithaca, N. Y. ; 2 $
Aug. I, Batavia, N. Y., collected by the writer. 2 J^ i 5 June 15,
Woodworth Lake, Fulton County, N. Y. (C. P. Alexander). 5
July 3, Hanover, New Hampshire (C. W. Johnson).
82 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
The species was found only on the very young white ash plants
which grew in shady and damp places, the leaves of which ap-
peared to be infested by a mite.
Xenoborus pettiti Renter. Breeds on Fraximis americana
and found in company with T. cardinalis and N. canadensis:
Records: May 31 to June 16, Ithaca, N. Y. ; June 13 to June
30, Batavia, N. Y. ; June 22, Portage, N. Y. (H. H. Knight).
Xenoborus neglectus new species. Resembles certain pale forms of pet-
titi; left genital clasper much longer and more spatulate toward the tip.
S- Length 5.4 mm., width 2.1 mm. Black with pale. Antennae fuscous,
paler on the basal half of the first segment. Head with lower half of
the face fuscous, front pale and flecked with reddish ; carina and a small
median dash at the middle of the vertex blackish. Pronotum ecarinate,
punctuation and pubescence nearly as in pettiti; collar and large median
spot or ray on the disk, white or pale yellow; pale ray from behind the
calli extending along the margin of the disk and widening to the basal
angles ; scutellum pale yellowish, mesoscutum blackish. Hemelytra black-
ish, embolium, basal angle of the corium and entire cuneus, clear; mem-
brane fuscous, in the female paler in the middle. Legs pale yellowish, the
hind femora indistinctly marked with fuscous at the apices.
Holotype: S, June 17-20, Mud Creek, Tompkins Co., N. Y. ; Cornell
University Collection.
Allotype: June 18, Batavia, N. Y. (H. H. Knight).
The writer has found this species rather scarce though systematic col-
lecting during June may show that it is present in greater numbers. The
writer ventures to guess that it will be found on the black ash when that
plant is thoroughly worked in June.
Xenoborus plagifer Renter. The writer collected in the vicinity
of Batavia for three seasons before taking this and the follow-
ing species. It breeds only on the black ash (F. nigra) which
grows in dense swampy woods. Once having found the food
plant a large series was obtained by sweeping the host plant.
Records: ^ July 30, 2 ^ Aug. i, 39 J*? Aug. 6, ? Aug. 9,
5 c^? Aug. 10, 27 c^5 Aug. 12, Batavia, N. Y. (H. H. Knight).
Xenoborus commissuralis Renter. This pretty species was
found on Fraxinus nigra in company with plagifer and was taken
in greater numbers.
Records: 14 J*$ July 29, 123 c^? July 30, 40 ^^5 Aug. i, Batavia,
N. Y. (H. H. Knight).
Oct.,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 83
STUDIES IN THE HYDNOCERINI (COL.). THE
HYDNOCEROID GENERA.
By Edward A. Chapin, M.S.
After a careful study of a large collection of the. insects here-
tofore included under the genus Hydnocera Newman, it has
become evident that certain of the species differ from H. palli-
pennis Say, that species being the type of Hydnocera, to an
extent which warrants the erection of genera to include them.
In the characterization of the genus by Lacordaire (Gen. Col.,
IV, 471) the ungues are stated to be " appendiculate, their basal
portion tooth-like."
In Hydnocera pedalis Leconte and its related species, sobrina
Fall and parviceps Schaeffer, and in the group of species allied to
curtipennis Newman {longicollis Ziegl.), the ungues are simple,
but slightly thickened at the base. In these groups, however, the
structure of the antennae differs widely and considering the
uniformity of structure as seen throughout the two large groups,,
the pallipennis and the curtipennis groups, a second division is
made on the antennal characters.
The genera may be distinguished from one another by the
following table :
Ungues with a broad basal tooth Hydnocera Newman.
Ungues simple, at most slightly thickened.
Third segment of antennae about twice as long as broad, cylindrical ;
prothorax much longer than broad Isohydnocera gen. nov.
Third segment of antennae as broad or broader than long; trapezoidal;
prothorax subequilateral Wolcottia gen. nov.
Isohydnocera gen. nov. — Body very elongate ; head short, vertical ; eyes
prominent, finely granulate, entire or minutely emarginate near antennal
insertion ; terminal segment of maxillary palpi cylindro-conical, that of
labial palpi large, triangular ; mandibles with a tooth near apex on the
inside. Antennae 11 -segmented, first segment thick, moderately long and
somewhat arcuate, second short, globose, third to ninth cylindrical, longer
than broad, tenth very large, forming with the eleventh a compact club
which is much thicker than the ninth segment. Prothorax distinctly
longer than broad, nearly cylindrical, lateral dilation weak. Elytra broader
84 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
than the thorax, shorter than the abdomen, attenuate or parallel and trun-
cate, lateral margins and usually tips strongly serrate. Legs long and
thin, tarsi with five segments, the first covered by the second from above,
segments two, three and four bearing lamellse beneath, ungues long and
thin, simple. Type species : Hydnocera curtipennis Newman.
To this genus are to be assigned the following species : /. curtipennis New-
man (longicolUs Ziegl.) , tabida Lee, schusteri Lee, ornata Wolc, gerhardi
Wolc, pusilla Schaeff., cegra Newm., brunnea sp. nov., and albocincta
Horn.
Isohydnocera brunnea sp. nov. Very elongate, form of agra Newm.
Brown, eyes black. Head sparsely and finely punctured, the punctures on
the vertex being connected by fine grooves, surface otherwise smooth,
very sparsely pubescent. Thorax much longer than wide (ratio of length
to breadth is 40-32), apical transverse impression wide and shallow, basal
deeper, section of thorax between impressions subglobose, lateral fovese
deep and distinct but small, surface except for a few punctures smooth,
very slightly alutaceous toward hind angles. Scutellum brown, sparsely
pubescent. Elytra elongate, suture nearly closed, apices very sharply trun-
cate and tumid, lateral margins serrate, surface moderately densely and
coarsely punctured, the punctures becoming more coarse toward apex,
although nearly obsolete on the tumid portion of the tips. Pubescence
sparse, erect and pale. Underparts brown, posterior halves of meso- and
metapleurse densely pubescent with pale hairs. Legs long and slender, the
posterior tibise somewhat arcuate, brown. Length 4.8 mm.
Type locality : Riley Co., Kansas. Type in the collection of
Kansas Agricultural College. This species is closely allied to
cogra Newm. but is separated from that species by the nearly
smooth thorax and by the different thoracic ratio. The thorax
in cegra Newm. is finally alutaceous all over and has a ratio of
32 = 25.
Wolcottia gen. nov. Body elongate, slightly attenuate posteriorly. Head
short, front flat, lateral margins slightly concave to accommodate eyes, which
are not prominent, finely granulate and minutely emarginate as in Isohyd-
nocera. Labrum broad, entire. Mandibles falciform, with a small inter-
nal tooth near apex. Terminal segment of maxillary palpi conical, as
long or slightly lotiger than the preceding, that of the labial palpi very
large, triangular. Antennae short and stout, ii-segmented; first segment
slightly longer than broad, second nearly spherical, third to eighth as long
as broad, trapezoidal, becoming progressively broader, ninth broader than
long, nearly as wide as tenth, tenth and eleventh forming an oval mass
nearly as long as the three preceding segments. Thorax slightly broader
than long, sides feebly dilated, slightly narrower than the head with eyes.
Elytra at humeri broader than the head across eyes, attenuate poste-
Oct., 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 85
riorly, tips rounded separately and with irregular margins. Legs long
and thin, hind femora reaching beyond the tips of the elytra, tarsi of five
segments, the first covered by the second from above, second, third and
fourth bearing lamellae beneath. Ungues long and thin, simple or but
slightly thickened. Type species : Hydnocera pedalis Leconte.
The three species assigned to this genus, W. pedalis Lee,
sobrina Fall, and parviceps Schaeffer, have antennas which seem
to be midway between the three-segmented club type of Lemidia
Spinola and the two-segmented club type of Hydnocera New-
man. This genus is dedicated to Mr. Albert B. Wolcott, Chicago,
111., the recognized authority on North American Cleridse. 1
wish to thank Mr. Wolcott for his unbounded generosity in plac-
ing at my disposal his entire collection of these genera, but for
which I should have been unable to make the observations re-
corded above. Thanks is also due Dr. J. H. Merrill, of Kansas
Agricultural College, for the use of the Clerid material of that
institution.
THREE NEW CHALCID FLIES FROM NORTH AMERICA.
By A, A. GiRAULT, Glenn Dale, Md.
Elachistus sanninoideae new species.
Female: In the table of species runs to hyphantrice Crawford
but differs in that all the coxae are black, the abdomen is entirely
black except slightly above at base and the mandibles are dentate
(six teeth). Scape dusky at tip, the flagellum black. Club 2-
jointed, not nippled. The male is similar but the yellow area on
the abdomen is distinct (basal fourth except the margins) and
the scape is concolorous and foliaceously dilated ventrad.
One male, four females reared from the pupa of Sanninoidea
exitiosa at Fayetteville, Arkansas, July 23 (G. Becker).
Types: Catalogue No, Boy^S, U. S. National Museum, one
male, four females on tags, a male and female head and female
hind legs on a slide.
Secodes multilineatus new species.
Female: Similar to Secodella viridis Crawford but smaller by
a half and the tips of the tibiae are plainly white, the knees nar-
86 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
rowly so, the scutellum is shorter, funicles 1-2 subequal, each
only somewhat longer than wide, the mandibles tridentate.
Two females, U. S. (3126*^^ of the Bureau of Entomology, June
30, 1883).
Types: Catalogue No. 20/yi, U. S. National Museum, the two
females on tags, their heads on a slide.
Ootetrastichus gibboni new species.
Female: Length, 1.30 mm. Ovipositor extruded somewhat.
Slender, the abdomen conic-ovate, longer than the thorax.
Second ring- joint very short, the others large, subequal. Dark
metallic green, the wings hyaline, the mouth distinctly, legs,
tegulse, scape except immediate base and along dorsal edge,
pedicel except above at basal two thirds, lateral margin broadly
but obscurely of the large postscutellum and proximal third of the
abdomen, above and below except the margins broadly above,
dull yellow. Funicle i about five times longer than wide, longest,
2 subequal to the elongate pedicel, over twice longer than wide,
3 a little shorter than 2. Club usual, its terminal nipple distinct,
short. Sculpture usual, very fine. Punctures along lateral
margin of scutum minute ; propodeum with a median carina only,
the caudal margin carinated. Mandibles as in mymaridis as to
shape.
Five females associated with Languria m,ozardi, Tempe, Ari-
zona, Sept., 1912 (V. L. Wildermuth).
Types: Catalogue No. 20^87, U. S. National Museum, four
females on tags, a head and several antennae on a slide.
NEW CHALCID FLIES, WITH NOTES.
By a. a. Girault, Glenn Dale, Md.
Euiydinota lividicorpus n. sp. — Female: Length 1.65 mm. Dark metallic
blue, the wings hyaline, the base and apex of the tibise and tarsi white.
Clypeus striate, gently concave at apex. Head and thorax punctate. Pro-
podeum with distinct, curved lateral carina and no other, the carina form-
ing the lateral rim of the large neck, no spiracular sulcus, the spiracle
elliptical, cephalad. Petiole a little longer than wide. Parapsidal furrows
half complete from cephalad. Abdomen depressed, delicately scaly distad,
Oct.,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 87
segment 2 occupying a fourth of the surface, its caudal margin convex,
entire. Antennse inserted somewhat above the ends of the eyes, the scape
slender, reaching to the top of the vertex; pedicel twice longer than wide
at apex, much longer than any funicle joint; ring-joints unequal; funicle
I (a ring-joint?) quadrate, narrower than the following joint's; 2 and
3 subquadrate, wider than i, 6 twice wider than long. Stigmal vein long
and slender, slightly shorter than the marginal which is slightly shorter
than the postmarginal.
The male is similar but funicle i is wider than long, still more like a
ring-joint, the pedicel shorter; also the cephalic tibiae are reddish yellow.
From several pairs reared from Coleophora malivorella. Walnut Creek,
Cal., June 7, 1916 (W. M. Davidson). Types: Cat. No. 20,971, U. S. Nat.
Mus., one male, three females on tags, a female head and hind legs on a
slide. Also at San Jose (Moulton, 1909), Los Angeles (Coqulllett), and
Mountain View (Ehrhorn), Cal.
Gonatocerus titillatus n. sp. — Female : Like maga Girault but the fore-
wings are subhyaline, nearly the basal half of the abdomen is yellow
(above this yellow with three cross stripes, the first well out from base),
the legs are yellow except coxae and femora (the latter except at apex),
the funicle is of uniform width, the club slender, funicle i over twice
longer than wide, 2 and 3 subequal, longest', over thrice longer than wide,
7 nearly as long as either, the others subequal, twice longer than wide and
subequal to the pedicel. Longest marginal fringes of fore-wing somewhat
less than half the width of those wings. Thorax scaly, the propodeum
subglabrous, non-carinate. Ovipositor extruded for a sixth the length of
the conical abdomen which is distinctly longer than the thorax.
One female. Salt Lake, Utah, from a window (C. N. Ainslie). Type:
Cat. No. 20,972, U. S. Nat. Mus., the female on a slide.
Ormyrus unfasciatipennis n. sp. — Female : Length 2.70 mm. Like un-
maculatipennis but the, fuscous area on the fore-wing is continued across
the wing and widens caudad ; the legs are entirely metallic except the tarsi
and the knees and tips of tibiae more or less broadly, cephalic legs washed
with metallic only; the antennae are wholly metallic except the scape more
or less at each end and ventrad ; and the punctures on the abdomen are in
triple rows, the first line in each row at first incomplete.
Described from one female in the U. S. Nat. Mus. from Los Angeles
Co., Cal. (Coquillett). Types: Cat. No. 20,975, U. S. Nat. Mus., the above
female minutien mounted.
Ormyrus thymus n. sp. — Female : Similar to unmaculatipennis except
that the antennae and legs are entirely metallic green except the reddish
brown tarsi, the spot on the fore-wing is longer than wide, obliquely trun-
cate distad and widens distad, extending a little beyond the middle, the
median carina on the abdomen is obscure and the lines of punctures single
except in places.
88 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol.XIl
From one female in the same collection, Mountain View, Cal. (Ehr-
horn). Type: Cat. No. 20,976, U. S. Nat. Mus., the specimen on a tag.
Omphalomopsis gen. n. — Female : Placed provisionally in the Tetrasti-
chini and agrees with Ootetrastichus Perkins but the thorax has no
grooves and the marginal fringes of the fore-wing are long. Three ring-
joints. Propodeum with a median carina, moderately long. Flagellum
with sparse, moderately long, pale hair. Mandibles tridentate, 3 truncate.
Resembles Thripoctenus. Ovipositor extruded for a short distance.
Omphalomopsis marilandia n. sp. — Female. Genotype. Length 0.90 mm.
Dark metallic purple, the wings hyaline, the legs, antennse and proximal
third of abdomen pale yellow. Hind coxae concolorous. Tegulse yellow-
ish. Sculpture very fine and velvety. Funicles 1-3 subequal to each other
and to the pedicel, over twice longer than wide, club i somewhat shorter,
2 longest of the flagellum, nippled at apex. Marginal fringes of the fore-
wing somewhat over a third that wing's greatest width. Abdomen spatu-
late, a little longer than the thorax.
.One female (Hillmead), Glenn Dale, Md., 1916, Sept. Type: Cat. No.
20,973, U. S. Nat. Mus., the female on a tag, the head on a slide.
Aprostocetus kansasia n. sp. — Female: Like diplosidis Crawford, but
dark metallic, the propodeum is longer, the abdomen acuminate, funicle i
over twice the length of the pedicel, over thrice longer than wide, 3 much
over twice longer than wide. Types compared.
One female, Riley Co., Kan. (J. B. Norton). Type: Cat. No. 20,977,
U. S. Nat. Mus., the specimen on a tag, the head on a slide.
Telenomus fuscicornis Ashmead. — Differs from female monilicornis
Ashm. only in the flatter scutellum which is twice wider than long (not so
in the other) and the wider post-scutellum which is flnely long-striate in
both but in fusicornis is twice wider than long. Types compared (male
of monilicornis with female specimen from Porto Rico and a female type
of the other).
In this species the mesonotum and vertex are finely scaly, the latter
pilose, the scutellum polished. The legs may be entirely black. Segment
2 of abdomen is somewhat longer than wide. Funicle joints 3 and 4 are
equal, globular, and smaller than i or 2.
Four females from eggs of a moth which feeds upon Crofolana retusa.
St. Vincent, B. W. L (S. Cross Harland).
Coccophagus orientalis Howard. This is an Aneristus allied very closely
with fumosipennis Girault. Types examined.
Eurytoma pissodis n. sp. — Female: Exactly similar to the type of cleri
Ashm., except as follows: all the coxae are black, the hind femur is black
(usually) laterad and along the dorsal edge at distal half, the hind tibia
black except at each end; the tegulae are black; the abdomen is entirely
black ; the stigmal vein is barely shorter than the postmarginal, the median
basin of the propodeum bears fine cross-rugae which are continuous (not
Oct., 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 89
so in the other but variable in both) ; the ventral half of the prepectus is
not rugulose but near caudal margin has a cross-row of fovese ; the middle
section or finely punctate portion of the mesopleurum is larger (a third
wider), as wide as the third or caudal or the section with cross-rugae;
the propodeum and prepectus are wholly black; and the abdomen from
above is finely scaly after segment 2 (not until after 4 in the other). A
variety has black spots above on the first two pairs of femora, the cephalic
tibiae are black centrally dorsad, the middle tibiae wholly black.
The male is similar except that the scape is black. Petiole twice longer
than wide; funicle 5-jointed.
From two males, seven females taken from the pupal chambers of Pis-
sodes strobi in September, 1916, as larvae and reared several months later.
Taylor's Falls, Minn. (S. A. Graham). Types: Cat. No. 20,969, U. S.
Nat. Mus., one male, four females on four tags.
In New York it appears as an adult in May.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF THE NEW GENUS ANDRENA
FROM THE UNITED STATES (HYMENOPTERA,
ACULEATA).
By J. R. Malloch, Urbana, 111.
The three species described in the present paper are probably
represented in other collections, and it is quite possible that
regularis is confused with carlini or even with vicina in collec-
tions from the eastern states.
Andrena banksi n. sp. Male. — Black, clypeus lemon-yellow. Head shin-
ing, glossy behind eyes and on lower part' of face; antennae subopaque.
Thorax subopaque, slightly shining on posterior half of pleurae. Abdomen
glossy. Surf ace hairs grayish, or those on disc of thorax slightly yellowish.
Head distinctly broader than high ; clypeus glossy, flattened, and almost
impunctate on center of disc, the punctures becoming more numerous and
much closer towards each lateral angle; anterior central outline of clypeus
broad, regularly arcuate, the length across equal to that from its outer
angle to base of mandible; mandibles long and curved, inner tooth small,
well removed from apex, no tooth at base on under side; cheek broader
than eye, produced opposite middle of eye into a more or less tooth-like
process which projects backward, but rarely reduced, appearing as an
angular production of the posterior margin which is more or less accen-
tuated by the presence of a slight concavity at base on its lower margin.
Thorax throughout finely and closely shagreened, and indistinctly punctate.
Abdomen much less closely shagreened than the thorax, the only punctures
present being those at the bases of the rather long, sparse surface-hairs;
90 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
fasciae at apices of segments very faint, distinguishable only laterally;
hairs on segments i and 2 very much longer than those on other segments ;
sixth ventral segment slightly reflexed apically but without lateral angles ;
seventh with a deep wedge-shaped notch in center of the median produced
portion; eighth very similar to that of erythrogastra, terminating in a long,
almost parallel-sided process, the apex of which is truncate or slightly
rounded; hypopygium somewhat similar to that of andrenoides, differing
in having the dorsal processes of the stipites broader, longer, and more
nearly truncate apically, and closely contiguous almost to their apices.
Female. — Differs from the male in having the face entirely black, the
thoracic hairs bright fulvous, and the apices of the abdominal segments
each with a complete band of whitish hairs.
Fovese broad, at upper extremity covering about four fifths of space
between eye and ocellus, pubescence tawny yellow, lower extremity of
f ovese below lower level of antennal insertion ; clypeus shagreened and
rather remotely and finely punctate except on lower median portion, cly-
peal structure as in male ; mandibles shorter and stouter than in male ;
malar space about one fifth as high as broad ; cheek broader than eye,
tapered below and without a distinct angle; basal flagellar joint sHghtly
shorter than 2 + 3. Thorax as in male ; metathoracic enclosure minutely
shagreened, basally irregularly granulose. Surface hairs stout, dense, and
upright, covered with closely appressed short branches and except under
a high magnification appearing simple. Abdomen as in male, the punctures
at bases of the upright hairs even less distinct, so that the surface appears
impunctat'e ; hairs on segments i and 2 long and upright ; fascia on seg-
ment I less distinct than on others ; pygidium truncate and slightly emar-
ginate at apex. Mid and hind metatarsi narrower than corresponding
tibiae; hind tibiae broad, of nearly an equal width on their apical three
fifths, gradually narrowed to base on remainder; tarsal claws bifid, the
inner tooth much shorter than outer. Greatest length of third submar-
ginal cell at least twice that of second; basal nervure distinctly distad of
transverse median.
Length: male, 8.5-9.5 mm.; female, 11. 5-12.5 mm.
Type locality, Fedor, Texas, March 13-24 (Birkmann). Para-
types, Trinity, Texas, March 20, 2 males on Salix (R. A. Cush-
man) ; Beaumont, Texas, March 18 (E. S. Tucker) ; Great Falls,
Maryland, April 21 (N. Banks) ; Maryland, near Plummers
Island, April 19, 21, 22, 7 males on flowers of Prunus (L. O.
Jackson, H. L. Viereck).
The male of this species is separable from that of any de-
scribed species by the yellow clypeus and peculiar tooth-like pro-
jection of the posterior margin of cheek. The female resembles
in some respects mandihularis Robertson, but the stout, dense
Oct.,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 91
thoracic hairs, complete abdominal fasciae, and many minor char-
acters readily distinguished the species.
Named in honor of Nathan Banks, who submitted the first
examples of the species which I had seen.
Type and allotype in collection of Illinois State Laboratory of
Natural History ; paratypes in collections of Nathan Banks and
U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey.
Andrena regularis n. sp. Male. — Black, distinctly shining. A few brown-
ish black hairs along inner margins of eyes, on vertex, and behind upper
angle of eyes, remainder of hairs of head, those of thorax, and those of
abdomen whitish gray. Legs black, hairs whitish except on under sur-
faces of basal tarsal joints and inner surface of hind tibiae, where they
are brownish. Wings slightly brownish on apices, veins yellow.
Head about one seventh broader than high; third antennal joint one
fourth longer than fourth and subequal to fifth ; clypeus glossy on disc,
shagreened on margins, discal punctures of moderate size, very regularly
distributed, no impunctate ventral line present; cheek distinctly broader
than eye, rounded posteriorly; malar space narrow, punctate; mandibles
long, curved, simple at base, with a weak preapical inner tooth; process
of labrum truncate, rather broad. Thoracic hairs long and rather dense ;
metat'horacic enclosure finely rugose. Abdomen with sparse, fine punc-
tures and short, upright hairs ; apical ventral segment tapering on its
apical two thirds, with a rather sharp ventral production at one third from
apxe, and from this point caudad covered with dense hairs, apex stout,
slightly fishtail-shaped ; hypopygium stout, dorsal processes of the stipites
stout, contiguous nearly to their apices, then widely and suddenly diverg-
ing, terminating in a rounded point.
Female. — Very similar to carlini Cockerell, differing in having the cly-
peus with small, rather widely spaced, regular punctures.
Head with pale hairs on center of face and behind vertex, remainder
of surface with brownish to black hairs. Dorsum of thorax and upper
half of pleurae with long pale hairs, remainder of surface with black hairs.
Abdomen with black hairs which are short except at apex. Hairs of legs
black, femoral hairs sometimes pale. Wings as in male.
Clypeus much less conspicuously punctured than in male ; f oveae broad,
descending below lower margins of antennal sockets, narrowly separated
from eyes. Metathoracic enclosure granulose except at base. Scopae of
hind tibiae simple on outer side ; tarsal claws long, bifid. Otherwise as
male.
Length : male, 10-12 mm. ; female, 12-14 mm-
Type locality, Ithaca, N. Y,, April 26 to June 6. A very
large series of both sexes submitted by Dr. J. C. Bradley from
Cornell University collection. Type and paratypes in the latter
92 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
collection; paratypes in collection of Illinois State Laboratory of
Natural History and of U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey.
The female of this species closely resembles that of carlini but
is readily separated from it by the regularly punctate clypeus.
Andrena flexa n. sp. Female. — Black, shining. Hairs on lower margin
of clypeus brownish, remainder of hairs on head and thorax yellowish
white, abdominal fasciae white, dense, interrupted centrally; hairs on legs
whitish or yellowish, those on base of hind tibise, above, brownish. Legs
brownish black. Wings slightly brownish, especially at apices ; veins
dark brown.
Head about one fifth broader than high ; fovese whitish, tapering to a
point slightly below lower margin of antennal sockets and narrowly sepa-
rated from eyes; clypeus shining, with subcontiguous, deep punctures and
a distinctly elevated median impunctate linear space; malar space linear
except posteriorly, impunctate; back of head about 1.5 times as broad as
eye; labrum truncate apically, sides convergent; mandibles short and
blunt, simple. Dorsum of thorax closely punctured ; metathoracic en-
closure broad, granulose. Abdomen densely punctate, the punctures small
and deep. Hind tibial scopse simple outwardly; claws bifid; hind tibiae
with the inner spur distinctly flexed at about one third from apex. Vena-
tion normal.
Length, 9.5-10.5 mm.
Type locality, Dubois, 111., May 15, 1916, and May 24, 191 7
(C. A. Hart and J. R. Malloch). On flowers of raspberry and
Cratosgus.
This species bears a striking superficial resemblance to cressoni
Robertson, but may be readily separated from it and from all
other species known to me by the flexure of the hind tibial spur.
The male is unknown to me.
Type and paratypes in coll. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., paratype
in U. S. Bur. Biol. Surv.
BUPRESTID^ AND CERAMBYCID^ FROM MAINE.
By Alan Sloan Nicolay, Brooklyn, N. Y.
From May i to the middle of July, 191 6, I was in Douglas
Hill, Maine, able to collect from morning until night. It is in
Cumberland County, elevation about 1,200 feet, three miles from
Oct., 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 93
Lake Sebago and about thirty miles from Portland, hilly, but not
mountainous, with an abundance of pine and white birch, oak
conspicuously absent. Numerous portable saw mills, while not
adding to the beauty of the country, were great aids to the spe-
cialist in Buprestidse and Cerambycidae.
With the exception of the common Rhagium lineatum, taken
as early as May i, there were no captures in the two families
until about May 15. Snow was still to be seen in shaded valleys.
May 15 I took my first specimen of the rare Anthophilax mala-
chiticus, and from then collecting was excellent, reaching its best
during the last week in June. The list of captures :
Chalcophora fortis Lee. July 13 a^single one flying along shore
of Lake Sebago.
C. virginiensis var. lacustris Lee. June 7-July 12. Not rare.
Taken almost every favorable day on the trunk of a dead but
still standing pine. None from prostrate logs.
C. liberta Germ. June 28-July 13. All but one flying over
Lake Sebago July 13, a very warm sunny day. Would light on
bath houses and be easily picked off.
Dicerca divaricata Say. June 22.
D. divaricata var. caudata Lee. July 9.
D. prolongata Lee. Two specimens June 2-26.
D. punctulata Sch. June 26. Not common.
D. tenebrosa var. chrysea Melsh. June 24- July 6. Half a
dozen on dead standing tree trunks. None from fallen logs.
Buprestis striata var. impolita Say. This is the green form,
which is northeastern. The true striata is uniformly coppery
brown and ranges from New York to Florida.
Melanophila fulvoguttata Harris. June. Very abundant
Chrysobothris dentipes Germ. June. Common on pine logs.
C. scabripennis Lap. & Gory. June. Occurs with dentipes,
even more abundant, but very active and hard to catch.
C. harrisii Hentz. June 2-July 6. This beautiful species quite
locally common, lighting on the smaller twigs of fallen pines.
Very active, seen only on sunny days.
Agrihis acutipennis Mann. June 28. Two specimens.
A. ruficollis Fab. June-July.
A. politus Say. July 11.
94 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
A. vittaticollis Rand. July 8. One beautiful specimen taken
sweeping.
Asemum moestum Hald. Common May-June.
Phymatodes variabilis Fab. Common June-July.
CaUidium antennatum Newm. May 21. One specimen.
C. janthinum Lee. June 25-July 15. Common.
Molorchus bimaculatus Say. May 22.
Clytus marginicollis Lap. June 19-21. Three taken, as many
more seen. This species was very active running in bright sun-
light on branches of fallen pines, taking flight when approached.
X ylotre chus fuscus Kivhy. July 11. Sparingly.
Neoclytus muricatulus Kirby. July 6. One pair on pine.
Clytanthus ruricola Oliv. July 11.
Euderces picipes Fab. June i8-July 15. Common on flowers.
Desmocerus palliatus Forst. July. Common on elder.
Encyclops cccruleus Say. July 14. One female knocked from
dead cedar needles.
' Rhagium lineatum Oliv. May-June. Very common. They
would run over pine logs and stumps in the bright sunlight, not
unlike lizards in habit, action and appearance.
Pachyta monticola Rand. May 21-28. Several from blossoms
of wild cherry and by beating dead pine needles.
P. rugipennis Newm. June 18. A single specimen of this
rarest of rare beetles found resting on a small twig of a linden
by the roadside. It is undoubtedly a pine feeder. It remained
in the cyanide bottle all the afternoon, then pinned, and next
morning it was still very much alive.
Anthophilax malachiticus Hald. May 15-June 14. Beaten
from half dead pine needles from tops of trees felled the previous
winter. Eight altogether, three May 18.
A. akernatus Hald. May 25-June 5. Mostly flying on warm
days throng the woods ; one beaten from dead pine needles.
Acmaeops proteus Kirby. June 14-21. Not common, beating
dead pine needles.
Gaurotes cyanipennis Say. June 29 on flowers.
Leptura hcefnatites Newm. June 7.
L. exigua Newm. June 3.
L. cordifera Oliv. July 8-12. Common on flowers.
L. proximo Say. July 8-13.
Oct., 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 95
L. vittata Germ. July.
L. pubera Say. June 19-July 9.
L. ruficollis var. sphccricollis Say. June 29.
L. mutabilis Newm. June S-July i. Common.
L. cispera Lee. June 22. One specimen.
Monohammus scutellatus Say. May 29-June 28. Very com-
mon around fallen pine logs.
Letpostyliis 6-guttatus Say. July 6.
Hyperplatys aspersus Say. July 9.
Pogonocherus plenicellatus Lee. May 29-June 29. Not rare,
about 16 beaten from dead cedar.
Eupogonius tomentosiis Hald. June 24.
Saperda vestita Say. July 14. At light.
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CONTENTS.
NORTH AMERICAN WASPS OF SUBGENUS PEMPHREDON
LATREILLE, Rohwer 97
PREPARATORY STAGES OF HOMOPTERA UNILINEATA,
Clark 103
NEW VARIETIES OF CICINDELA TRANQUEBARICA FROM
CALIFORNIA, Fall 106
IN QUEST OF DINAPATE WRIGHTII, Martin 107
KEY TO GENUS CERESA, Gibson & Wells no
NEW GENUS OF ANTHOMYIID^, Malloch 113
GEOMETRID GENUS BARNESIA, Cockerell 115
PROBABLE COLOR OF ANCESTRAL WINGED INSECTS,
Crampton 116
HYMENOPTEREA PARASITICA, Girault 118
BULLETIN
OF THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Vol. ^P^ %iL December, 1917 No. 5
THE NORTH AMERICAN WASPS OF THE SUBGENUS
PEMPHREDON LATREILLE.
By S. a. Rohwer, Specialist in Forest Hymenopfera, Bureau of Ento-
mology, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
The North American species of Pemphredon as treated by
Fox, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. 19, 1892, p. 307, may be
divided into two well-defined subgenera. The first subgenus
has a recurrent vein in both of the cubital cells and is P^m/'/tr^c/ow
in the strict sense. The other subgenus has both recurrent veins
received by the first cubital cell and is Diphlehus Westwood.
Morice and Durant contend that the name Pemphredon should
fall as a synonym of Cemonus Jurine. According to the ruHngs
of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature,
the genus Pemphredon was founded in 1796 by Latreille and
antedates Cemonus.
In this synopsis only the species of the subgenus Pemphredon
are tabulated. Pemphredon provancheri Ashmead and Pem-
phredon tinctipennis Cameron are not included. The unsatisfac-
tory description of provancheri makes it difificult to form a defi-
nite idea of this species and there is nothing in the collection
which agrees well enough to be considered as that species. Judg-
ing from the description, Pefnphredon tinctipennis Cameron is a
valid species and is different from any of the species in the col-
lections available.
The nests of the species of the genus Pemphredon are as a rule
made either in brashy wood or in the old galleries of wood-
boring larvae and are provisioned with paralyzed flies.
98 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
Key to the Nearctic Species.
1. Males 2.
Females lo.
2. Flagellar joints four to eight produced beneath 3.
Flagellar joints simple 6.
3. Enclosed area of propodeum flat and uniformly longitudinally striate 4.
Enclosed area of propodeum depressed basally, the base with longi-
tudinal rugae, the apical part shining 5.
4. Petiole slightly longer than the hind basitarsis ; head seen from above
with anterior width distinctly less than twice the length, not nar-
rowing distinctly behind the eyes rileyi Fox.
Petiole slightly shorter than the hind basitarsis ; head seen from above
with the anterior width nearly as great as the length, distinctly nar-
rowing behind the eyes errans Rohwer.
5. Distance between the eyes at the clypeus distinctly greater than the
length of the eye; vertex with distinct although scattered punctures,
confertim Fox.
Distance between the eyes at the clypeus subequal with the length of
the eye ; vertex practically impunctate cockerelli Rohwer.
6. Propodeal enclosure longitudinally striate; anterior margin of the cly-
peus t'ridentate nearticus Kohl.
Propodeal enclosure rugose; anterior margin of the clypeus arcuately
emarginate 7.
7. Head seen from above with the cephalo-caudad length distinctly more
than half the anterior width; petiole distinctly longer than hind
basitarsis concolor Say (Fox) .
Head seen from above with the cephalo-caudad length less than or
subequal with the anterior width; petiole subequal with the hind
basitarsis 8.
8. Propodeum with a more or less distinct, U-shaped, finely aciculat'e ridge
defining off the more coarsely rugose area; mesoscutum with close
punctures anteriorly angularis Fox.
Propodeum without a U-shaped ridge 9.
g. Distance between the eyes at the clypeus distinctly greater than the
length of the eye; scutum transversely striato-punctate ; ocellocular
line nearly twice as long as the postocellar line shawii Rohwer.
Distance between the eyes at the clypeus slightly less than the length
of the eye; scutum shining, sparsely punctured; ocellocular line but
little longer than the postocellar line virginiana Rohwer.
TO. Basal dorsal area of the propodeum with distinct longitudinal carinas 11.
Basal dorsal area of propodeum rugoso-reticulate 13.
II. Anterior margin of the clypeus strongly biemarginate or tridentate;
scutum shining, sparsely punctured nearcticus Kohl (Fox).
Anterior margin of clypeus not biemarginate; scutum transversely
rugulose ; . . . 12.
14
Dec, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 99
12. Anterior margin of the clypeus deeply, arcuately emarginate; scutum
finely rugulose and with a few scattered punctures rileyi Fox.
Anterior margin of the clypeus subtruncate with a median tooth;
scutum rather coarsely punctato-rugulose errans Rohwer.
13. Anterior margin of the clypeus deeply biemarginate or tridentate ;
scutum with distinct rather large punctures foxii Rohwer.
Anterior margin of the clypeus truncate or somewhat produced ; scutum
rugulose or punctato-rugulose ^4-
Basal dorsal middle of propodeum coarsely rugo-reticulate, separated
from the rest of the propodeum by a U-shaped area which is finely
aciculate; anterior margin of the clypeus produced into an angle;
scutum with fine, curved wrinkles angularis Fox.
Propodeum without a U-shaped area; clypeus different • IS-
15. Anterior margin of clypeus subtruncate, without a median tooth or
lateral angles ; scutum punctato-rugulose; third antennal joint fully
one third longer than fourth concolor Say (Fox).
Anterior margin of clypeus truncate, with a median tooth and with
lateral angles of truncation prominent, so there is an indication of
being tridentats; scutum punctato-rugose. third antennal joint
about one fourth longer than fourth virginiana Rohwer.
Pemphredon errans new species.— Pemphredon rileyi Fox, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc, Vol. 19, 1892, p. 310. Male, not female.
The male which Fox associated with the female he described as rileyi
is the male of one of the females which he wrongly placed under this spe-
cies. Of the specimens originally placed under rileyi by Fox only one of
them, the holotype female, really belongs there. The others are a new
species and are described herewith. The description of the female given
by Fox was, at least for the greater part, taken from the holotype.
Female.— Length 7 mm. Clypeus flat, shining, with large, rather close
punctures, the anterior margin subtruncate with a small median tooth and
rather prominent lateral angles ; distance between the eyes at the clypeus
somewhat greater than the length of the eye; front punctato-aciculate ;
posterior orbits and vertex shining, sparsely punctured; seen from above
the anterior width of the head is not twice as great as the cephalo-caudad
length; head not markedly narrowing behind eyes; ocellocular line one
half longer than the postocellar line; third antennal joint one third longer
than the fourth; scutum with a median depression anteriorly where the
curved striato-punctations meet; scutellum sparsely punctured; dorsal
basal area of propodeum flat, with uniform longitudinal striae which
become weaker posteriorly; sides and posterior face (except the median
channel) aciculato-punctate ; petiole not strongly sulcate laterally, much
shorter than the hind basitarsis. Black; wings hyaline, with radial area
somewhat dusky.
Male.— Length 7 mm. Clypeus flat, closely punctured, the anterior
100 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
margin with a median emargination ; distance between the eyes at the
clypeus distinctly greater than the length of an eye; front closely punc-
tured, some of the punctures confluent; posterior orbits and vertex shining
with rather close punctures; seen from above the anterior width of the
head is nearly twice as great as the cephalo-caudad length; head distinctly
narrowing behind eyes; ocellocular line nearly twice as long as the post-
ocellar line; third antennal joint distinctly longer than the fourth; anten-
nal joints 6-9, distinctly produced beneath; scutum shining, sparsely punc-
tured and with a few oblique wrinkles; otherwise as in female.
Type Locality. — Monterey County, California, one female in April; allo-
type and one paratype male from San Mateo County, California, in March ;
paratype female Placerville, California, reared from an oak gall by F. B.
Herbert.
Type.— Cat. No. 21562 U. S. Nat. Mus.
Pemphredon rileyi Fox. — Type : Cat. No. 1884 U. S. Nat. Mus. Female.
Type Locality. — Placer County, California, September (A. Koebele).
See remarks under errans Rohwer.
Male. — Length 8.5 mm. Clypeus flat, with fine, close punctures, the an-
terior margin with a median emargination; distance between the eyes at
the clypeus distinctly greater than the length of the eye; front closely,
sometimes confiuently punctured; posterior orbits and vertex shining with
separate distinct punctures, seen from above the anterior margin of the
head is not merely twice as wide as the cephalo-caudad length, scarcely
narrowing behind the eyes ; ocellocular line about one half longer than the
postocellar line; third antennal joint distinctly longer than the fourth;
antennal joints 6-9 prominent beneath; scutum punctat'o-striate anteriorly,
sparsely punctured posteriorly; scutellum striato-punctate ; propodeum
like errans; petiole distinctly sulcate laterally, longer than the hind basi-
tarsis. Black; wings hyaline, faintly smoky.
Described from two males from Pyramid Ranger Station, California,
collected on Sambucus glauca by F. B. Herbert, August 20, 1915.
Pemphredon cockerelli Rohwer. — Pemphredon cockerelli Rohwer, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. 35, 1909, p. 103.
This is a male and not a female, and is allied to confertim Fox.
Pemphredon angularis Fox. — A female collected on the campus of the
University of Colorado at Boulder by T. D. A. Cockerell.
Pemphredon shawii new species. — Male.—Ltngih. 8 mm. Clypeus con-
vex, subopaque, with sparse, well-defined punctures, the anterior margin
depressed, with a deep, arcuate, median emargination ; the distance be-
tween the eyes at the clypeus much greater than the length of the eye;
frons opaque with close, sometimes confluent punctures; posterior orbits
punctured similar to but more sparsely than the front; seen from above
the head is much wider anteriorly than it's cephalo-caudad length and dis-
Dec.,1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 101
tinctly converges posteriorly; vertex shining with sparse, well-defined
punctures ; postocellar line a little more than half as long as ocellocular
line; the third antennal joint about one fifth longer than the fourth; meso-
scutum subopaque, with a median depression anteriorly towards which the
oblique striato-punctation converges ; posterior margin of the scutum
shining; scutellum shining, punctured; dorsal aspect of the propodeum
rugose anteriorly, rugoso-granular posteriorly, sides reticulate; petiole a
trifle shorter than the hind basitarsis. Black, densely clothed with long
gray hair ; wings hyaline, distinctly dusky beyond the basal vein ; venation
pale brown, costa and stigma dark brown.
Type Locality. — Hampton, New Hampshire. Described from one male
collected June 28, 1905, by S. A. Shaw, for whom the species is named.
Type— Ca.i. No. 21563, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Pemphredon foxii new species. — This species has been confused with
concolor by Fox, but the characters given in the above table show that it
is easily separated from that species by the puncturation of the scutum
and the different conformation of the anterior margin of the clypeus.
Female. — Length 10 mm. Clypeus subconvex, polished, with widely
separated distinct punctures, the anterior margin deeply biemarginate or
tridentate with subequal teeth; distance between the eyes at the clypeus
somewhat greater than the length of the eye; front shining, medianly
sparsely punctured, laterally, the punctures become confluent so there is
distinct tendency towards striato-punctation; posterior orbits and vertex
polished, with small scattered punctures; seen from above the width of
the anterior margin of the head not more than one half greater than
the cephalo-caudad length; head not receding behind the eyes; post-
ocellar line about one fourth shorter than the ocellocular line; third an-
tennal joint distinctly longer than the fourth; scutum shining with large
close punctures ; scutellum with close, sometimes confluent punctures ;
base of the propodeum depressed, coarsely rugose, the superior posterior
angles shining, obliquely rugulose, the sides and posterior face reticulate;
petiole strongly sulcat'e laterally, subequal with the length of the posterior
basitarsis. Black; head, thorax and petiole with long black hair; wings
dusky hyaline, venation pale brown, costa and stigma dark brown.
Type Locality. — Camden County, New Jersey. Described from one fe-
male collected July 27, 1890. Named for W. J. Fox.
Type.— Cat No. 21564, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Pemphredon virginiana new species. — Female. — Length 10 mm. Clypeus
flat, shining, sparsely punctured, the anterior margin truncate with a
median tooth and prominent lateral angles so it appears feebly tridentate ;
distance between the eyes at the clypeus subequal with length of an eye,
front sparsely punctured medianly, striato-punctate laterally; posterior
orbits and vertex shining, sparsely punctured; seen from above the ante-
rior width of the head is not nearly twice as great as the cephalo-caudad
102 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
length ; head not narrowed behind the eyes ; postocellar line about half as
long as the ocellocular line; third antennal joint one fourth longer than the
fourth; scutum coarsely punctate with some of the punctures confluent;
scutellum striato-punctate ; basal dorsal area of propodeum depressed;
rugose, the sides and posterior face reticulate ; petiole not sulcate laterally,
subequal in length to the hind basitarsis. Black ; wings hyaline, the radial
area somewhat dusky.
Male. — Length 8.5 mm. Clypeus flat, closely punctured, the anterior
margin with a median emargination ; distance between the eyes at the
clypeus distinctly less than the length of an eye; front and vertex sculp-
tured like female; seen from above the anterior width of the head is twice
as great as the cephalo-caudad length; head distinctly narrowing behind
the eyes; flagellum simple; the third antennal joint one fourth longer than
the fourth ; scutum shining, with large separate punctures ; scutellum and
propodeum as in female; petiole subequal with the hind basitarsis. Color
as in female.
Type Locality. — Falls Church, Virginia. Described from three females
and five males reared from a decaying tulip stump by William Middleton.
Type. — Cat. No. 21565, U. S. Nat. Mus.
List of the Neactic Species of Pemphredon Latreille Sensu Latore
/
angularis Fox.
bipartior Fox = Diphlebus.
cockerelli Rohwer.
concolor Say (Fox).
concolor Provancher (not Say) =provancheri Ashmead.
confertim Fox.
errans Rohwer.
foxii Rohwer. '
giffardi Rohwer = Diphlebus.
grinnelli Rohwer = Diphlebus.
harbecki Rohwer = Diphlebus. '
inornatus Say (Fox) = Diphlebus.
marginatus Say — probably Passaloecus.
montanus Dahlbom — a European species recorded from British Columbia
by Kohl.
morio Cresson = concolor Say (Fox),
nearcticus Kohl,
provancheri Ashmead.
rileyi Fox.
shawii Rohwer.
tenax Fox = Diphlebus.
tinctipennis Cameron,
virginiana Rohwer.
Dec, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 1 03
PREPARATORY STAGES OF HOMOPTERA UNILINEATA.
By Howard L. Clark, Bristol, R. I.
Eggs. — Obtained from two females taken at sugar and de-
posited May 25 to 29, 1916. Dia. i mm. ; shape blunt cone
rounded at the apex; irregular vertical ribs as in many of the
Catocalas ; color bright green, soon changing to dark purple.
Some green fluid discharged with the eggs. Hatched June 4 to
June 6, making this period nine days.
Young larva;. — Length 6 mm. ; body very slender and thread-
like; two anterior pairs of prolegs undeveloped; walk with a
looping movement and with great rapidity ; very active and re-
fractory. Head prominent, yellowish brown ; body greenish
gray and almost transparent before the food plant was found.
They refused wild cherry, apple, maple, oak, birch, tulip, rose,
violet, privet, lilac, and hickory; at last they were offered ordi-
nary locust, Robinia pseudacacia. This they seized upon eagerly
and devoured voraciously, the green showing clearly through the
transparent skin.
At this period all were confined in a large battery jar with a
cheese cloth cover. From this many would suspend themselves
when not eating. Later about half of them were transferred to
an ordinary breeding cage with dirt on the bottom. It became
impossible to detect any regular succession of moults, as the
larvse developed at very different rates and gave little evidence,
either in their habits or exuviae, of when these changes occurred.
June II. No moult detected yet but the larvse had increased
a great deal in size. Length 8 mm. Body still slender and taper-
ing, especially posteriorly, shining and transparent. Head yellow
with groups of black spots at the sides of the jaws. Small black
tubercles, each emitting a single black hair, scattered over the
body. The head also bristles with black hairs. A broad creamy
colored lateral stripe and other narrower ones indicated.
Thoracic segments pinkish, middle of the body bright green,
presumably the food showing through. Posterior extremity
light, fleshy and transparent. Two anterior pairs of prolegs
1 04 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
entirely absent. Distance from the thoracic legs to the third and
fourth pairs of prolegs long.
June 14. Another moult must have been passed, although
there were no head cases nor old skins to be found. Length 12
mm. Head pinkish cream color, heavily gridironed with a net-
work of dark brown lines. Rudiments of the two anterior pairs
of prolegs appeared. Thoracic segments pinkish brown, rest of
the body dull green, shading again to pinkish brown posteriorly.
Longitudinal lines and piliferous warts about the same as before.
June 18. No evidence of a moult except that the larvse had
changed conspicuously in size and structure. Length 25 mm., but
still very slender and in general appearance much like a Catocala
larva. Two anterior pairs of prolegs about half developed; all
four pairs light flesh color dotted with black. A distinct dorsal
hump on the nth segment and also an enlargement on the 4th
segment. Prevailing color dark green, skin somewhat wrinkled,
dark olive below, longitudinal light stripes persist, purplish tinge
anteriorly. Spiracles inconspicuous, black edged with white.
June 20. At last a moult was distinctly in evidence with the
larvse varying greatly in size ; largest length 35 mm. Head with
color and pattern the same. First segment conspicuously swollen
and globular in shape. Two anterior pairs of prolegs nearly de-
veloped and in use when in rest, but the larvse still employ the
looping method of locomotion. Dark wart-like excrescences on
the 4th segment and the conical hump on the nth quite con-
spicuous. Prevailing color purple brown washed liberally on the
back with splashes of light straw color. Stripes persist and the
whole body is finely mottled with white. Below greenish white
with a dark brown spot on each segment. Base of black
piliferous warts is white. Under a 25 mm. glass the larva with
its wrinkled skin looks quite like a small snake. Stigmata still
inconspicuous.
June 25. Another moult in process, after which length 60
mm. ; body slender and tapering toward each extremity. Great-
est diameter 5 mm. Color and marking of the rather small head
the same as before. Swelling of the ist segment subsided. All
three pairs of posterior prolegs developed, the anterior pair only
abortive. Excrescence on the 4th segment now represented by a
Dec, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 105>
dark patch, hump on the nth shaped hke the tooth of a saw,,
slanting forward, almost perpendicular behind, velvet black,,
cleft at the top. Beyond the 9th segment the body appears flat
and pointed and the anal prolegs extend back almost horizontally
when at rest spread like a <. To the naked eye the prevailing^
color, olive mottled and striped in many shades. Above the line
of the stigmata the ornamentation is divided into seven broad
longitudinal stripes, the stripe down the middle of the back in
light shade, then on each side one darker, one lighter and the
lowest almost black. Between each stripe a line light line, almost
white in places. These markings all clearer and more pronounced
on the thoracic segments. Color below light with a black ventral
stripe broken into a spot on each segment. Under a 25 mm.
glass, piliferous spots almost entirely white, still with a single
black hair each. Stigmata dark and inconspicuous with no light
ring. The whole body appears mottled or marbled in purplish
brown and yellow and yellowish green, the dark longitudinal
stripes appearing where the dark colors prevail and the light
stripes vice versa. The skin wrinkled with a look like that of a
snake. No further development was observed and the foregoing
represents the mature larva.
By July 4 all but one in the cage with the dirt had disappeared,
while those in the battery jar were grubbing in the sand and'
under leaves and refuse. These had shrunk to half their length..
In the course of a few days these larvae pupated, some in slight
cocoons of f rass and sand and others bare upon the surface. Evi-
dently in nature pupation takes place underground.
Pupa. — Length 23 mm. ; diameter 7 mm. Length of thorax
and wing cases 11 mm. Main cremaster short and thick with a
round hook almost closed. Two or three much smaller auxiliaries-
with ends wound up like watch springs. Color dull brown in
some cases inclining to mahogany. Stigmata visible with a
strong glass. On the whole the pupae looked singularly smalL
Larval period average 30 days.
April 26, 1 91 7. Two moths emerged, making the pupal period
295 days, which was extended to May 14, when the last moth
appeared. From some 50 or 60 well-grown healthy-looking
larvae only 14 moths were obtained, 4 males and 10 females.
106 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
None of the specimens were as large as some which had been
taken on the wing. All typically marked and colored, and very
uniform in their appearance.
TWO NEW VARIETIES OF CICINDELA TRANQUEBARICA
FROM CALIFORNIA.
By H. C. Fall, Pasadena, Cal.
I have this season received two forms of C. tranquebarica
from the Owens Lake region of California which cannot well be
included under any of the numerous varietal names already pro-
posed, and which seem quite as worthy of names as any of the
forms at present listed.
The giving of distinctive names to slight variations — color or
otherwise — is a form of diversion which may be easily overdone,
but which seems more defensible than usual in Cicindela because
of its great popularity with collectors, who almost invariably
segregate the readily distinguishable forms in their cabinets, for
which purpose and for facility in exchanges the varietal names are
.a decided convenience.
•C. txanquebarica var. inyo n. var. — Moderately brilliant green, varying
through duller green to deep blue (type blue green). Markings broad and
complete, nearly as heavy as in average Kirbyi. Beneath entirely blue
green.
Olancha, California. April and May. Collector, G. R. Pilate.
C. tranquebarica var. owena n. var. — Same as the preceding except in color,
which is black, the elytra with faint deep greenish reflections at sides in
most examples. Markings similarly heavy and complete; body beneath
blue green as before.
Olancha, California. Late May and June. (G. R. Pilate.)
These two forms are evidently seasonal, at least to a certain
extent. Mr. Pilate writes me that only green and blue examples
were seen in the early part of the season, while by June ist
these had entirely disappeared and the black form alone was
present.,
Inyo is evidently closest to the form viridissima, but the latter
is typically of a more vivid green, always with narrower mark-
ings, the humeral lunule frequently interrupted.
Dec, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 107
IN QUEST OF DINAPATE WRIGHTII.
By J. O. Martin, Pasadena, Cal.
About a year and a half ago Mr. H. C. Fall, of Pasadena,
first showed me the single specimen of Dinapate wrightii in his
very complete collection of North American coleoptera. I at
once determined to try to add this rare and unique beetle to my
collection of California coleoptera which was then just started.
I also hoped to make some further study of its Hfe history.
Dinapate wrightii was first described by Dr. George H. Horn,*
from fragmentary specimens sent him by W. G. Wright, of San
Bernardino, who discovered the species in Palm Canyon, on the
northwestern border of the Colorado desert. Mr. Wright gave
the locality as Mojave desert, no doubt wishing to keep the fruits
of his discovery for himself and for eleven years he was suc-
cessful. Just how many specimens he secured during this period
I have been unable to find out; but certainly not many. Eleven
years after Horn's publication of the species came Mr. H. G.
Hubbard's letters to E. A. Schwarzf in which he announced its
rediscovery, giving the true locality, its food plant and many
interesting facts concerning its life history. The food plant
turned out to be the Washington palm {N eowashingtonia fili-
fera), which is found, in the United States, only in the canyons
at the head of the Coachella valley in southern California.
April 14, 1 91 6, I packed my camping outfit in the automobile
and set out for Palm Canyon one hundred miles east of Pasa-
dena. The roads were in very bad shape, owing to the unusually
heavy rains of that winter, and it took all day to make what is
usually a five-hour trip, but night found us in camp at the mouth
of the canyon. The next morning I began a search of the canyon,
going as far up as the palms extended, without finding a tree
which fulfilled the conditions described by Hubbard. He says :
"I am sure now that they do not oviposit in bare trunks or in
healthy trees, although it is possible that the beetles kill the tree
in which they oviposit their eggs."t May 15, one month later, I
* Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIII, p. i, January, 1886.
t Ent. News, Vol. X, p. 83, April, 1899.
108 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
was back again, determined to search the neighboring canyons
which contain palms. This was carried out, but in Andreas and
Murray canyons I saw no dead palms of any description and was
obliged to force myself through thorny brush and cactus, over
fallen trees, just as Hubbard had done eleven years earlier.
Finally I returned to Palm Canyon and examined all of the
bare fallen trunks of which I had noted several in my previous
search. It is not an easy matter to chop into one of these palm
trunks even when they have been dead for years, but I worked
two days at it without success and was about to despair when a
stroke of my axe turned out a larva about three fourths of an
inch in length which I thought might be that of Dinapate. By
placing my ear against the log and keeping very still I could hear
others gnawing away inside with a click like that produced by
snapping the nails of the thumb and first finger together. How-
ever, it was clear that if this was the larva of Dinapate it must
grow at least a year before it would be as large as that described
by Horn, so I decided to wait until the following spring before
carrying out the plan which I had in mind.
This last spring (1917), I again went to Palm Canyon, sawed
out of the prostrate trunk four two-and-a-half-foot lengths,
taking them where the gnawing sounded most frequent and
packed them out to my automobile, a distance of about two miles.
Another section of this log was later obtained by Mr. J. R.
Campbell, of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology. A week's fur-
ther search of the various groups of palms failed to show any
other possible host tree. In sawing the log into transportable
lengths the saw disclosed several larvae in the various cuts, two
of which it bisected. The ones which were uncovered but not
cut soon bored their way into the log and out of sight. However
I was much surprised to find that there were evidently two
separate broods of larvae in the log, one apparently full grown
and ready to pupate as shown by the presence of one pupa, the
others about three fourths of an inch long. I am convinced that
the larvae seen last year are the ones now full grown and that
the smaller specimens represent a brood deposited since the dis-
covery of the log.
This log when discovered was full of sap and showed every
Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society. Vol XII.
Plate 1 .
Palm Canyon, Home of Dinapate Wrightii
Dec, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 109
evidence of having been torn up by the winter flood which this
year was the heaviest in over forty years. There were no leaves
attached and its size showed it to be one of the older trees, the
leaves of which were burned off by the Indians.
On getting my ten feet of log home I at once constructed two
stout cages for their reception and then came a long wait. Every
morning on arising since March when the sections of log were
brought home, my first duty has been to inspect the cages. Not
until August 3 was there any change and then my long watch
was rewarded by my first sight of a living Dinapate. A fine pair,
lady and gent, had emerged during the night and were vainly
trying to conceal their huge bulks ostrich-wise by shoving their
heads into any dark corner. Since then until the present date,
September 17, thirty-one of these beetles have emerged, generally
one at a time, but one morning there were four and several times
two came together. At first the sexes were quite evenly repre-
sented but during the last two weeks only females have emerged.
All of these emergences took place after dark in the early part
of the night not later than 9 P. M. Several times I tried to see
the beetles come out by the aid of a lantern, but the presence of a
light caused them to cease operations at once. One evening,
however, I was able to watch this process by setting the lantern
four feet away ; the light was dim but sufficient for observation
by close attention. When first observed this beetle had cut
through the outer surface and had made a hole about one fourth
inch in diameter. This hole he continued to enlarge with his
powerful mandibles turning continuously from right to left as
he bit away at the circumference. After about half an hour of
this circular gnawing he tried the hole, starting out venter down,
but as he could not get his thorax through he retreated and took
several bites, evidently with an exact knowledge of the spots that
bound. He then tried his work and finding it to his hking backed
in again and after a short rest turned belly up and came out
headed up the log, which he at once ascended to the top. On
coming out these beetles are hardened and fully colored and had
evidently spent some time in the pupal chamber in the adult con-
dition. They at once begin trying to fly and spend their strength
against the wire netting of the cage, the sexes paying no attention
110 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
to each other, from which I surmise that they seek mates from
some other brood. When dayhght comes they try to hide, put-
ting their head into any dark corner, where they remain all day
without motion.
The males and females are easy to distinguish by the characters
given in Horn's description but I note a further sexual character
in the granulation of the elytra; in the males the lateral margin
and the tip behind the tubercles is smooth, while in the females
this area is distinctly granulated. Also a slight difference in the
shape of the thorax, that of the males being broader. The males
also have a more shining black appearance than the females.
I have now thirty-six specimens of Dinapate wrightii, fourteen
males and twenty-two females. I can still hear the second brood
at work and hope to have more emerge next year.
A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS CERESA A. & S.
OCCURRING NORTH OF MEXICO AND THE DESCRIP-
TION OF A NEW SPECIES (MEMBRACID^:
HOMOPTERA).
By Edmund H. Gibson and Emma Wells, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
To the novice the genus Ceresa represents a very puzzling
group of insects of the family known as tree-hoppers, and even
to the systematist it has its difficult problems. From the study
of specimens in the U. S. National Museum and material gen-
erously loaned by Mr. W. D. Funkhouser the authors have been
able to establish the following key to the species. In offering it
as a guide in the identification of species it must be stated that
it is nearly impossible to make determinations without having at
hand a goodly series of specimens and a collection of all the
members of the genus, to be used for comparison.
Ceresa was described by Amyot and Serville in 1843. The
logotype of the genus is vitulus Fabr. Ceresa may be distin-
guished from Stictocephala Stal, its closely allied genus in North
America, by having the pronotum distinctly armed with supra-
humeral horns and the metopidium acutely angled. The forma-
Dec, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 111
tion of the last abdominal segment of the male differs markedly
in the two genera.
Key to the Species of the Genus Ceresa A. and S. Occurring North
OF Mexico.
1. Pronotum banded 2.
Pronotum not banded 3-
2. Broad pale spot in middle, narrower one near apex of pronotum,
diceros Say.
Apex of pronotum with apical band only albescens Van D.
3. Suprahumerals reduced to an angle 4-
Suprahumerals produced in a horn or tubercle 5.
4. Length of head greater than metopidium measured from line drawn
through suprahumerals to anterior border of face, femorata Fairm.
Length of head less than metopidium measured from line of supra-
humerals to anterior border of face uniformis Fairm.
5. Lobes of last ventral segment of female distinctly and evenly rounded,
brevicornis Fh.
Lobes of last ventral segment of female not distinctly rounded 6.
6. Base of notch in last ventral segment of female broad 7-
Base of notch in last ventral segment of female not broad, acute ... 8.
7. Suprahumerals only slightly curved backward albido-sparsa Stal.
Suprahumerals quite long, very acute, strongly curved backward and
slightly upward constans Walk.
8. Borders of face more or less rounded, clypeus blunt, not at all pro-
duced, contiguous with sides of cheeks occidentalis Funkh.
Borders of face more or less straight; clypeus acute and produced,
only seldom contiguous with sides of cheeks 9-
9. Inner margins of lobes of last ventral segment of female not at all
sinuate 10.
Inner margins of lobes of last ventral segment of female more or less
sinuate H-
10. Suprahumerals strongly curved backward, long. Contour of cheeks
rounded brevitylus Van D.
Suprahumerals short, reduced to a short tubercle brevis Walk.
11. Venter black basalis Walk.
Venter yellow or green or brownish 12.
12. Clypeus prominently produced I3-
Clypeus somewhat produced but not prominently so I5-
13. Very narrow, long species militaris n. sp.
Somewhat stout species I4-
14. Inner margins of last ventral segment of female sloping. Plates of
male long palmeri Van D.
Inner margins of last ventral segment of female steep. Plates of male
short and stout borealis Fairm.
112 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
15. Metopidium fiat or slightly rounded between suprahumerals when
viewed from above bubalus Fabr.
Metopidium feebly bisinuate when viewed from above 16.
16. Species small, suprahumerals curving upward and backward, taurina Fh.
Suprahumerals only slightly recurved stimulea Van D.
The following distributional groupings and list of food plants should
aid in the recognition of the species.
Canada — bubahis Fabr., diceros Say, basalis Walk.
New England States — albescens Van D., bubalus Fabr., brevitylus Van D.,
taurina Fh., constans Walk., palmeri Van D., borealis Fairm., brevis
Walk., brevicornis Fh., basalis Walk.
Atlantic and Gulf States — albescens Van D., bubalus Fabr., brevitylus Van
D., taurina Fh., constans Walk., borealis Fairm., brevis Walk.
Central States — albescens Van D., bubalus Fabr., stimulea Van D., con-
stans Walk., militaris n. sp., palmeri Van D., borealis Fairm., brevis
Walk., uniformis Fairm.
North Central States — diceros Say, albescens Van D., bubalus Fabr., stim-
ulea Van D., taurina Fh., brevitylus Van D., constans Walk., basalis
Walk.
Southern States — diceros Say, albescens Van D., bubalus Fabr., borealis'
Fairm.
Western States — bubalus Fabr., stimulea Van D., occidentalis Funkh.,
borealis Fairm., albido-sparsa Stal, basalis Walk,
Southwestern States — diceros Say, bubalus Fabr., brevitylus Van D.,
stimulea Van D., palmeri Van D., brevis Walk., brevicornis Fh., occi-
dentalis Funkh., basalis Walk. ,
The known food plants of the species are here listed. Many of the
species are not restricted to a single or few food plants, in which case the
principal ones only are given.
Alfalfa: occidentalis Funkh., bubalus Fabr. Apple: bubalus Fabr.,
taurina Fh., borealis Fairm. Basswood : constans Walk. Cherry : bubalus
Fabr. Cotton : borealis Fairm. Cottonwood : bubalus Fabr. Elder : bo-
realis Fairm. Hickory: brevicornis Fh. Iris: borealis Fairm. Maple:
bubalus Fabr. Oak : brevicornis Fh., palmeri Van D., taurina Fh., diceros
Say. Pear : bubalus Fabr. Potato : bubalus Fabr. Quince : bubalus Fabr.
Ceresa militaris n. sp. — Near C. palmeri Van D., but much narrower, a
smaller species. Much longer in proportion to its width than palmeri.
May be recognized by the long slender pronotum, narrow metopidium and
very long sharp plates of male and female.
Bright green with brown and black markings, face yellow. Form long
and very slender, metopidium convex, suprahumerals long and acute, pos-
terior process slender and decurved; clypeus acute. Punctate, but only
slightly if at all pubescent.
Head yellow-green, longitudinal striae on face ; clypeus triangular at
apex, tip densely pilose with white hairs; ocelli translucent with orange
Dec, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 113
borders, situated slightly below a line drawn through center of eyes, some-
what closer to each other than to eyes ; eyes brown, extending beyond sides
of pronot'um.
Pronotum green, densely punctate, very slightly pubescent, ascending
nearly straight above head, convex just before suprahumerals, feebly arcu-
ate in middle, dorsum somewhat flattened, semicircular impression very
faint; median carina percurrent; humeral horns long and acute, with
brown and black markings underneath, extending outward and backward;
front' of pronotum having long, transverse smooth irregularly-shaped areas
dorsomesad of eyes, these areas yellow and shining ; posterior process long,
slender, sharp, much decurved, reaching to tip of abdomen in females
and beyond in males, with brown markings.
Wings smoky, lightly punctate at base, veins brownish. Under surface
of body yellow; last ventral segment of female very deeply and roundly
notched, base of notch not as broad as constans Walk. Ovipositor ex-
tending beyond abdomen in a long narrow process. Plates of male broad
at' base and tapering to a sharp point, very long, extending beyond pygo-
f ers, tipped with black. Legs yellow, with white hairs ; tarsi and claws
somewhat ferruginous.
Described from five ferriales and six males in the collection of the senior
author, collected by him at Charleston, Mo., June 19, 1916. Type, allotype
and three paratypes deposited in the U. S. National Museum.
References necessary for study in this group :
Fairmaire — Rev. Memb., pp. 284, 289, 1846.
Fitch — Ceresa brevicornis, 3d Rep. Ins. N. Y., pp. 177, 335, 451, 1856.
Funkhouser — Ceresa occidentalis, Ent. News, Vol. XXVI, p. 100, 191 5.
Marlatt — Buffalo Tree-Hopper, Bur. Ent. Cir. 23, Sd Ser., 1897.
Say — Long's Exped. App., p. 299, 1824.
Stal — Ceresa albido-sparsa, Eug. Resa Omk. Jord. Hem., pp. 86, 283, 1856.
Walker — Ceresa hrevis. List of Hom. B. M., pp. 528, 563, 185 1.
Van Duzee — List of Hem. taken by W. J. Palmer about Quinze Lake, P.
Que. in 1907. Can. Ent, Vol. LX, p. 112, 1908. Studies in N. A. Mem.
Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., 1908, Vol. IX, pp. 35, 2>^. Florida Hemiptera
Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. IX, p. 205, 1909.
A NEW GENUS OF ANTHOMYIID^ (DIPTERA).
By J; R. Malloch, Urbana, 111.
The genus herewith described belongs to the subfamily An-
thomyiinee though in some respects it resembles Phaoniinse. It
differs from all other genera of the family known to me in having
a single long bristle near the upper margin of the pteropleura just
^/
1J4 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
below the base of the wing. Recent attempts at a classification
of the order have shown a tendency towards the use of the chseto-
taxy of the pleurae as a distinguishing character in separating
the families Muscidse and Anthomyiidse. If the absence of
bristles or hairs from the hypopleura and pteropleura separates
Anthomyiidse from Muscidse, then many typical species of the
former family will require to be placed in Muscidse. Besides the
genus now under consideration the genus Lispa (subfamily
Lispinae), several species in Phaonia, and at least one in Erem-
omyia have hairs or bristles either on the hypopleura or ptero-
pleura. The presence or absence of these hairs or bristles, while
of considerable importance in a general way, does not invariably
serve as a basis for the separation of the families Anthomyiidse
and Muscidse.
Emmesomyia gen. nov. Generic Description: Male. — Eyes very large,
separated by a narrow stripe consisting of the orbits only on the upper
half of its length ; ocellar bristles long, directed forward. Abdomen nar-
row, slightly flattened ; hypopygium of moderate size, terminating in a
recurved hook-like process ; apical ventral segment deeply excised cen-
trally; first segment with very strong bristles on middle laterally. Legs
and wings similar to those of female.
Female. — Eyes separated by one third the head width ; cruciate frontal
bristles present ; orbitals 5 in number, the median one directed forward ;
antennae elongate, third joint much longer than second, rounded at apex;
arista hairy; proboscis and palpi normal. Thoracic chsetotaxy similar to
that of Hylemyia, differing only in having a strong bristle on the upper
margin of the pteropleura. In other respects similar to Hylemyia except
that the third vein has several setulse at base, both above and below.
Type, Emmesomyia unica, n. sp.
Emmesomyia unica n. sp. Female. — Black, densely covered with pale
gray pruinescence. Frons and face with dense whitish pruinescence, that
on orbits slightly silvery; antennae black, basal 2 joints rufous; apical por-
tion of proboscis glossy black; palpi yellow. Mesonotum slightly yellow-
ish behind humeri, and with 4 blackish vittae on the anterior portion of
disc, the inner pair rather widely separated, narrower than the outer pair
and not extending caudad of suture; center of disc with a distinct yel-
lowish longitudinal streak, scutellum yellowish at apex. Abdomen with
basal segment yellowish on each side of dorsum and usually some yellow
markings on some of the other segment's. Legs reddish yellow, mid and
hind legs with the coxae and tarsi infuscated. Wings clear. Squamae
white. Halteres whitish yellow.
.^
Dec, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 115
Frons one third the width of head, slightly narrowed posteriorly; third
antennal joint nearly three times as long as second, rather broad; arista
slender, basal joint very short, hair moderately long; cheeks not as high
as width of third antennal joint, marginal bristles sparse but very strong.
Mesonotum with 3 postsutural dorso-centrals; 2 pairs of strong acrostichals
proximad of suture, prealar bristle half as long as the one behind it.
Strong bristles on abdomen confined to apices of segments. Fore tibia
with I strong bristle on middle of posterior surface; mid tibia with 3
bristles, 2 on postero-dorsal surface and i on posterior close to the lower
one of the former pair; hind tibia with 2 postero-dorsal, 3 antero-dorsal,
and 2 antero-ventral bristles. Costal spine very short; last section of
fourth vein but little longer than preceding section.
Length, 6.5-7 min-
Type, Savoy, 111., May 23, 1916. Paratypes, Algonquin, 111,,
June 12, 1897 (Nason), Homer, 111., June 17, 1917 (Malloch).
I captured the type specimen on the trunk of an apple tree in
an orchard at Savoy, near Urbana. Nothing is known of the
immature stages.
Emmesomyia apicalis n. sp. Male and Female. — Differs from the fore-
going species in having the antennae and palpi black and the mid and hind
femora more or less brownish at apices.
Structure and chsetotaxy as in unica.
Length, 4.5-6 mm.
Type, Dubois, 111., May 23, 191 7. Paratypes, Dongola, 111..
May 12, 1917, Savanna, III, June 3, 1917. Allotype male, White
Heath, 111., June 3, 1917. Taken by the writer in sweeping
vegetation on margin of woods.
THE GEOMETRID GENUS BARN ESI A.
In 1 910 Mr. Grossbeck proposed the name Barnesia for a
species from Arizona (Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc, p. 207). It now
appears that Barnesia was used as early as 1901 (Ann. Cient.
Paraguay) by Bertoni for a supposed new genus of Dendro-
colaptid birds. The moth may take the name Eubarnesia nov.
nom., type Eubarnesia ritaria Grossb.
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
116 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
THE PROBABLE COLOR OF THE ANCESTRAL
WINGED INSECTS.*
By G. C. Crampton, Ph.D.
It would appear extremely probable that many (if not most)
of the ancestral Pterygotan insects varied from honey-yellow to
brown in color. The reasons for so thinking are as follows: (i)
Honey-yellow to brown is a common color among the Chilopods,
which have departed but little from the ancestral condition of
insects in general. (2) Honey-yellow is a common color among
the Apterygotan insects, which have departed but little from the
ancestral condition of the Pterygotan insects. (3) Honey-yellow
to brown is a color frequently occurring in immature insects.
(4) Honey-yellow to brown is a common color among the most
primitive orders of winged insects. (5) Honey-yellow to brown
is a common color in the most primitive representatives of almost
all of the orders of winged insects — even of the higher orders!
That honey-yellow to brown is a common color among
Chilopods is at once apparent to anyone who examines a speci-
men of Scutigera, Scolopendra, etc., or any of the common
Chilopods found under stones or dead wood in the neighborhood.
This is not so evident in the case of the Apterygotan insects,
however, since so many of them are colorless, due to their habit
of hiding in places protected from the sunlight, and their shel-
tered habitats make it unnecessary for them to develop a harder
protecting chitinous armor, which is always more deeply pig-
mented than thinner chitin. Nevertheless " CoUembolan " in-
sects, such as Smynthurus, Orchesella, Deegeria, etc., have a
yellowish or brownish hue, and the more heavily chitinized speci-
mens of Campodea are of a honey-yellow color. This shade
also occurs in the more strongly chitinized terminal segments of
Japyx, and I have seen a large Cuban Japygid which is entirely
yellowish brown in color. The chitinous sclerites of the tropical
Lepismids which live somewhat more "exposed" lives than our
* Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Massachusetts
Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass.
Dec, 1917 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 111
Northern representatives of the group, show tinges of a honey-
yellow color, and from the foregoing instances it is evident that
the " honey-yellow to brown " hue is of widespread occurrence
among those forms which have departed but little from the an-
cestral condition of winged insects.
Honey-yellow to brown is a color frequently found in the im-
mature stagies of the lowest Pterygotan insects such as the
Blattids and Plecoptera, and it is also very widespread among
the larvae of the higher forms, such as Coleoptera, Lepidoptera,
Siphonaptera, etc. Taken alone, this fact has no especial sig-
nificance, but in connection with the other instances here cited,
it lends additional weight to the view that the color in question
is a very widespread and primitive one.
Honey-yellow to brown is a very common color in the lowest
representatives of the winged insects, such as the Blattids,
Mantids, Isoptera, Plecoptera, Embiids, Dermaptera, Gr5''llo-
blattids, Phasmids, etc., and this fact should have considerable
weight in such a discussion. The most convincing feature, how-
ever, is that the most primitive representatives of almost all of
the .orders seem to be of this color. Gryllohlatta, which is one of
the most primitive representatives of the " Orthopteroid " insects,
is of a honey>-yellow hue, and the same is true of Ithone, the most
primitive of the Neuroptera. The same color occurs in Merope,
which is an exceedingly primitive Mecopteron, and the "honey-
yellow to brown " color is very common among the Tipulids and
other primitive representatives of the Diptera. I have been
unable to examine the most primitive representatives of all of
the insectan orders, but the color in question occurs in so many
of the lowest forms which I have been able to examine, that I
feel confident that some, at least, of the most primitive repre-
sentatives of all of the orders will prove to be of a honey-yellow
to brown color, if the matter is investigated with this in view.
A " blackish " shade is also very common among certain
primitive insects {e. g., Plecoptera, Embiids, Gryllids, Collem-
bola, etc.), and a "grayish" tint occurs among many of the
Apterygotan insects, being apparently a relic of their relation-
ship to the Isopod Crustacea, but the varying shades of brown-
ish yellow to brown are far more common among the Ptery-
118 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XII
gotan insects, and, from the above-cited evidence, I feel confi-
dent that a more thorough study of the matter, based upon the
examination of more of the primitive representatives of each
order than are at present available for study, will merely confirm
the contention that " honey-yellow to brown " was the prevalent
color among the ancestral Pterygotan insects.
NOTES ON HYMENOPTER^A PARASITICA.
By a. a. Girault, Glenn Dale, Md.
Hypopteromalus percussor n. sp. — Female : Like the genotype but differs
as follows : the femora are metallic at proximal half (caudal ones nearly
entirely metallic), the flagellum is darker. Types compared.
From two females reared from the larvae of Zotheca tranquilla, We-
natchee, Wash., June 22, 1916 (E. J. Newcomer). Types: Cat. No. 20,970,
U. S. Nat. Mus., the females on tags, hind tibise and heads on a slide.
Eupteromalus sarcophagse Gahan. — Differs from Meroporus utibilis
Tucker in having the distinct' lateral carinse on the propodeum and the
much longer than wide propodeal spiracle (mandibles not compared nor
other parts) ; from Halisoa rufipes Ashm. in the cylindrical antennae,
lesser size and perhaps otherwise; from Meraporus dubtus Ashm. not at
all. Types compared.
Neomphaloidomyia n. gen. Tetrastichini. — The same as Neomphaloides
but the scutum without a median groove, the antennse with four ring-
joints (i and 4 large, equal). Stylus of abdomen very long, nearly as
long as the ovipositor, which is extruded for a length equal to two thirds
of the abdomen and is no wider than the stylus (i. e., it's valves are not).
Tooth 3 of mandible truncate. Male scape compressed, with fine, sharp
saw-teeth along its ventral margin, 4 funicle, 3 club and ring-joints.
Genotype : Hyperteles polynemce Ashm.
Neomphaloidella irvingi n. sp. — Female : Similar to Aprostocetus cana-
densis Ashm., but differing notably in that the funicle joints are twice
longer than wide. Second two ring-joints very short.
One female, Springer, N. M. (C. N. Ainslie). Type: Cat. No. 21,011,
U. S. Nat. Mus., the female on a tag, the head on a slide.
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 119
OFFERTA ET DESIDERATA
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120 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
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LIVING COCOONS FOR SALE
Last winter the Society gathered and sold for the benefit of
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THE BROOKLYN
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
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OFFICERS, 1916
President
W. T. BATHER
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WILLIAM T. DAVIS
Corresponding Secretary
R. P. DOW
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C. E. OLSEN
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ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS
Curator
GEORGE FRANCK
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CHARLES E. SLEIGHT
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