January 9th Deaths (Here)January 9th Events:475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno flees his capital at Constantinople.1349 – The Jewish population of Basel, Switzerland, blamed as the cause of the Black Death, is rounded up & incinerated.1431 – Judges' investigations for the trial of Joan of Arc begin in Rouen, France, the seat of the English occupation government.1760 – Afghans defeat Marathas in the Battle of Barari Ghat.1768 – Philip Astley stages the first modern circus in London.1788 – Connecticut (Nutmeg State) is the 5th state to be admitted to the United States.1793 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard is the first person to fly in a balloon in the United States (near Woodbury, New Jersey).1799 – William Pitt (British Prime Minister) to raise funds for the war against Napoleon, introduces income tax (2 shillings in the £).1806 – Admiral Horatio Lord Nelson receives a state funeral & is interred in St Paul's Cathedral.1811 – First women's golf tournament takes place in Scotland at Musselburgh.1816 – Sir Humphry Davy tests the Davy lamp for miners at Hebburn Colliery.1822 – The Portuguese prince Pedro I of Brazil decides to stay in Brazil against the orders of the Portuguese king João VI - leading to the Brazilian independence process.1839 – Daguerreotype photography process is announced by The French Academy of Sciences.1857 – The Californian Fort Tejon earthquake (estimated magnitude 7.9) occurs.1858 – Anson Jones (last President of the Republic of Texas) commits suicide.1861 – The "Star of the West" incident (American Civil War) occurs near Charleston, South Carolina.1861 – Mississippi becomes the 2nd state to secede from the Union before the outbreak of the American Civil War.1863 – Battle of Fort Hindman (American Civil War) occurs in Arkansas.1878 – Umberto I becomes King of Italy.1880 – The Great Gale of 1880 devastates parts of Oregon & Washington.1894 – New England Telephone & Telegraph installs the 1st battery-operated telephone switchboard in Lexington, Massachusetts.1902 – New York State outlaws (by a legal bill) flirting in public.1903 – Hallam Tennyson (2nd Baron Tennyson, son of the famous poet Alfred Tennyson) becomes the 2nd Governor-General of Australia.1905 – Russian workers march on the Winter Palace - ends in the massacre by Tsarist troops known as 'Bloody Sunday', beginning the Russian Revolution of 1905.1909 – The South Pole expedition of Ernest Shackleton is forced to turn back.1916 – The Battle of Gallipoli (World War I) concludes with an Ottoman Empire victory when the last Allied forces are evacuated from the peninsula.1917 – Battle of Rafa (World War I) occurs near the Egyptian border with Palestine.1918 – Battle of Bear Valley - last battle of the American Indian Wars.1920 – Bolsheviks defeat the last of Admiral Koltchak's White Russian troops.1923 – Juan de la Cierva makes the first autogyro flight at Getafe in Spain.1929 – Alexander Fleming successfully treats his assistant Stuart Craddick's infection with a penicillin broth.1941 – First flight of the Avro Lancaster (World War II).1941 – The Greek Triton (S.112) sinks the Italian submarine Neghelli in Otranto - World War II.1945 – United States invades Luzon in the Philippines - World War II.1947 – Elizabeth "Betty" Short, the Black Dahlia, is last seen alive.1951 – United Nations headquarters officially opens in New York City.1951 – First British X Certificate film - La Vie Commence Demain (Life Begins Tomorrow).1957 – Sir Anthony Eden resigns as British Prime Minister following Suez fiasco.1960 – Work begins on the Aswan High Dam in Egypt.1964 – Martyrs' Day - several Panamanian youths try to raise the Panamanian flag on the U.S.-controlled Panama Canal Zone.1969 – First trial flight of Concorde begins in Bristol.1972 – British Miners strike.1978 – The Trib, a daily newspaper, is launched in New York.1987 – Ernest Saunders resigns as chief executive of brewer Guinness.2005 – Elections are held to replace Yasser Arafat as head of the Palestine Liberation Organization.