Pecan Conveyor at Hamilton Ranches Inc.

Company is Nuts About New Pecan Conveyor

Operators at Hamilton Ranches Inc. can’t help but feel a bit nutty about their new pecan conveyor system. That’s because they spend their days processing pecans and walnuts. The family-owned company, based in Visalia, Calif., dehydrates about 750 dry tons of walnuts per day, but its main focus is on cracking, shelling, and processing pecans. The pecan meat is sold to candy manufacturers and other companies for use in food products. At one step in the process, the company was conveying wet pecans via a bucket elevator to a dryer. However, the wet pecans tended to stick to the plastic buckets, creating a mess and causing operators to spend extra time cleaning the buckets and any spilled pecans from the plant floor. The company decided to replace the bucket elevator with equipment that would convey the wet pecans without any material loss or unnecessary labor.

Bucket elevator causes problems

The company uses a flotation process to separate the pecan meat from its cracked shell. In this process, the pecans are put into a water-filled vessel where a combination of hydration and vacuum pressure causes the shell to fall off and sink to the vessel’s bottom and the pecan meat to float to the vessel’s top. There, the pecan meat discharges onto a shaker, or dewatering, table made of perforated metal. The table shakes the excess water off the pecan meat, which is then transported to a dryer inlet several feet distant from and above the level of the shaker table. In the past, the pecan meat discharged off of the shaker table to a bucket elevator with plastic buckets and was conveyed up to the dryer inlet.

“We were experiencing major problems with the bucket elevator,” says Chris Hamilton, sales manager and engineer at Hamilton Ranches. “Because the pecans are wet when we convey them, they were sticking to the sides and bottoms of the plastic buckets. Once the pieces dried onto the bucket, it was really hard to clean them off. That was a big problem for us because we’re processing food and the entire process needs to be sanitary. In addition to that, pecan meat was falling out of the buckets and onto the ground. We were losing about two thousand pounds of meat per day using the bucket elevator. After spending a lot of downtime cleaning the buckets and the floor, we knew there had to be a better way to convey the pecan meat to the dryer.”

Searching for replacement equipment

About 2 years ago, Hamilton began researching different conveyor types and suppliers on the Internet. He eventually found Cablevey, Oskaloosa, Iowa, a supplier of tubular drag conveyors. The supplier’s Web site had videos of its equipment in operation, and Hamilton felt that the equipment offered the features that he was looking for in a conveyor. He contacted the supplier, who sent a local representative to the company’s plant with samples of the supplier’s equipment to show how it would work for the company’s application.

“I checked out other conveyor suppliers, but their equipment didn’t operate the way I wanted it to,” says Hamilton. “The other equipment I found runs its motors so fast that it creates a vacuum. I didn’t want it to run that fast. I wanted it to go slow and just gently pull the material through the conveyor. The major selling point for me was that the Cablevey conveyor has an adjustable variable-speed motor that provides gentle material handling.”

The company filled out an application data sheet, and the supplier designed a tubular drag conveying system to suit the company’s requirements. “It was entirely customized for us, which was awesome,” says Hamilton. The conveyor can be configured thousands of different ways to fit into an existing plant environment.

The supplier shipped the equipment to the company, and company personnel installed it in July 2005. Because the company had ordered extra tubing, the only adjustment needed was to cut the tubing to the correct size. It took the company only a couple of days to install it, and it worked perfectly from startup.

The tube conveyor system is Z-shaped, with the self-tensioning turnaround unit located on the Z’s bottom leg below the gravity-fill inlet and the drive unit located on the Z’s top leg above the free-flow material discharge outlet. Two 90-degree sweep corners alter the conveyor’s direction and the material path from horizontal to vertical and back to horizontal. The flexible cable has plastic discs attached every 6 inches and is pulled through the conveying tube by the drive unit in a 94-foot-long endless loop. The conveyor’s variable-frequency 3-horsepower electric motor allows the system to convey about 2,000 pounds of pecans every 2 hours.

Operating the Tubular Conveyor System

After the pecan meat has been dewatered, it falls off the end of the shaker table through the tube conveyor’s gravity-fill inlet and enters the conveying tube. The material falls in between the cable’s plastic discs, which gently and gradually glide the material through the tube without using air and without causing any degradation. The material is conveyed horizontally until it reaches the first 90-degree sweep, where it changes direction to vertical.

As the material is vertically conveyed, it passes through the tube’s clear plastic inspection section, which allows the operator to easily monitor the material as it’s conveyed. “The inspection section is great because it allows us to watch the material and make any necessary adjustments,” says Hamilton. “We can immediately see if the material is plugged or if the conveyor is running too slow or too fast. If we see that only a little bit of material is running through, we simply slow the conveyor down and it immediately runs more efficiently.”

Another reason the inspection section is helpful is because the conveyor runs so quietly. “The conveyor hardly makes any noise,” says Larry Van Zee, vice president of operations at Cablevey. “If there’s other equipment running in the plant, you probably won’t hear the conveyor at all. The inspection section allows the operator to see that the equipment is indeed running and conveying material without the operator having to turn off other equipment in the plant to double-check.”

After it passes through the inspection section, the material travels several feet higher until it reaches the second 90-degree sweep and changes direction back to horizontal. From there, it moves to the drive unit, where the cable and discs briefly leave the tube and are suspended in the air. During this time, the material falls by gravity out of the drive unit’s discharge outlet, onto a slide, and into the dryer, where the pecans are gently dried at low heat for about 2 to 5 hours.

The cable continues around the drive sprocket, exits the drive unit, and enters the return side of the tube. The return tube also has an inspection section, which allows the operator to monitor the tube again to ensure that the material has fully discharged and isn’t stuck to the discs. At the tail end of the tube, the cable enters the tension turnaround unit, which contains a sprocket that the cable travels around. The turnaround unit also has a self-tensioning device with a safety switch that automatically shuts the conveyor down if the cable becomes too tight or too loose. The turnaround unit is located just before the gravity-fill inlet, so after the cable has wound around the sprocket, it picks up more material and begins the loop again.

Keeping the conveyor in peak handling shape

To clean the tube conveyor, polyurethane wiper discs are attached to the cable and are left on during operation. “The wiper discs make the conveyor pretty much self-cleaning,” says Van Zee. “They’re like oversized rubber washers that are larger than the tube’s inside diameter. They constantly keep the tube clean by eliminating any residual material and any chance of material buildup.” The wipers last about 2 months before they need to be replaced. To change each wiper, an operator simply has to unbolt the old one and bolt a new one in its place.

In addition to the wiper discs, Hamilton Ranches designed and installed a washdown system. Water lines are attached to the drive unit’s discharge outlet and to an inlet in the turnaround unit. As the cable winds around the drive sprocket, a nozzle sprays water onto the discs. The cable continues its loop as the water cleans the discs. When the cable reaches the bottom turnaround unit, the water exits through a small outlet, empties into a drain located in the plant’s floor, and exits into a basin located outside the plant.

As the cable continues through the turnaround unit, another spray nozzle blasts a stream of water onto the discs. When the cable reaches the top drive unit, the water discharges onto a 10degree slide and is collected on a plate that empties into a PVC pipe that runs from the top of the dryer down to the drain in the plant floor. The dirty water exits into the outside basin.

The washdown cycle takes about 5 minutes. “The conveyor is enclosed, so the entire washdown cycle is self-contained,” says Hamilton. “The water doesn’t spray everywhere, so there’s no mess. Since we’re handling food, the conveyor is cleaned out between every batch, which is up to four times a day.”

Tubular Drag Conveyor provides loads of benefits

The company has been extremely satisfied with the new tubular drag conveyor. “The conveyor was a simple, simple solution to our problem,” says Hamilton. “It’s been operating in our plant for more than two years and, other than replacing wiper blades, we haven’t had to do any repairs or replacements.”

“The wiper discs constantly keep the tube clean by eliminating any residual material and any change of material buildup”

Since installing the conveyor, the company has experienced a reduction in labor needs. “We needed an automatic system badly because California has been raising the labor rates,” says Hamilton. “With the new conveyor, we only need one operator to run the machine. Plus, the conveyor is never down, it just keeps plugging along without any problems. An operator basically puts whole pecans in at one end of the processing line, monitors the equipment for four to five hours, and then the pecan meat discharges into a bin at the other end of the line and is ready to be sent to grading tables.”

“We’ve been so happy with this conveyor,” says Hamilton. “We knew the instant we turned it on that it would completely solve our problems. Plus, we’re very pleased with the supplier’s customer service. We get around five requests a year from other nut processors asking if they can come and look at the conveyor and our processing line because they’re experiencing the same problems we used to have. We always feel comfortable recommending this conveyor.” PBE

Note: To find other articles on this topic, look under “Mechanical conveying” in Powder and Bulk Engineering’s Article Index at www.powderbulk.com or in the December 2006 issue.