When Pewsey White Horse was cut it was the seventh or eighth White Horse in Wiltshire (the confusion arising as Rockley White Horse was unknown until 1948) and the first of the 20th century. It was also one of the smallest. George Marples designed the white horse commemorating the Coronation of George VI, and was inspired by other white horses in Wiltshire.

The horse is the most well known landmark in Pewsey, and today it is maintained and scoured by the Pewsey 6X Club, who work under the name Pewsey Horse Restoration Group. Wiltshirewhitehorses.org.uk consider it to be a "well-proportioned representation of the real animal."[2] The white horse also features on the Town Flag of Pewsey, whose official registration notes describe the horse as "iconic".[3] Barry Leighton of the Swindon Advertiser describes the horse as standing in a "care-free trotting stance."[4]

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A previous white horse was cut on the same hill, probably in 1785.[5] It was cut by, or on the instructions of, Robert Pile of Manor Farm, Alton Barnes. The nearby Alton Barnes White Horse was cut 27 years later by a Robert Pile of the same address, but is unknown if this is the same man. The horse received a scouring in 1789, believed to be the first and last scouring, as the landowner objected to the festivities which had accompanied the scouring and thus refused to allow it to happen again. Thus, it fell into neglect, and by the mid-1800s was in a bad state of repair. By the mid-1930s, the chalk of the horse was no longer visible. Nonetheless, the outline of the head and body could still vaguely be seen, both as raised contours revealed by both the light of the rising sun and as a discolouration of the grass.[2]

As is visible from a sketch of the contours still visible in 1939, the horse may have been of fairly good proportions.[5] A local legend says that the horse had a boy rider, but there appears to have been no visible rider in the late 1800s when the chalk was still able to be seen, so this theory has often been refuted. Had it had a rider, it would have been one of two of such horses to do so in England, alongside the 19th century Osmington White Horse near Weymouth, Dorset.

In 1937, George Marples, an authority on hill figures, was in the area researching the horse, which at this time was barely visible, when he was approached by a committee that had just been formed to find a suitable way of commemorating the Coronation of George VI.[2] Marples drew up three designs for a horse and, for ease of maintenance, the horse shown trotting to the left was chosen. (The former Pewsey horse also faced the left, as did all other Wiltshire white horses at the time). Each of his designs showed '1937' above the horse to record the year, as the cutting years of several other horses in Wiltshire were, and still are, unknown. Marples suggested a triangular method for marking out the horse. A sketch of this method is known to still exist.

In April 1937 it was cut by volunteers from Pewsey Fire Brigade. Some sources suggest it was cut in late April 1937,[2] whilst others state it was cut in the last few weeks of April 1937.[6] The date '1937' was cut above the horse, however, it appears this number was never later scoured and thus the date is no longer visible. The horse was floodlit in coronation week and the effect was described as "very good" except for thick fog on two nights.[7] The nearby Cherhill White Horse was also floodlit to mark the occasion.[8] Notably, the Pewsey horse was cut 99 years after Hackpen White Horse was cut to commemorate the coronation of Queen Victoria, the only other horse in Wiltshire known to commemorate a coronation.

The smallest white horse in Wiltshire, Pewsey White Horse is 35 feet tall and 67 feet tall.[9] Pewsey White Horse is cut on private land roughly a mile south of Pewsey Village, on a steep NNW facing slope of Pewsey Hill about 500’ above sea level. Access to the horse is available to visitors.[6] The horse can be seen from along the A345 near Pewsey Village and along the south of the village itself, but the horse is viewed most clearly from the Pewsey to Everleigh road below Pewsey Hill. The figure can be visited from the top of Pewsey Hill where there are footpaths leading to the horse and places where a car may be parked (although not designated parking places).[6]

Pewsey White Horse is on the outskirts of the village of Pewsey, but nonetheless is considered to be within the village's boundaries. It is the second and so far final piece of public art in the village, following the King Alfred Monument (1913), which was erected in the centre of the village to commemorate the coronation of George VI's predecessor, George V.[10]

The horse has gradually become slightly larger over time. The horse is well maintained. One scouring took place in November 1998 and another in spring 2004. The edges are well defined and the chalk is of very small compacted pieces. The figure is fenced in to prevent damage from grazing animals, making this one of four Wiltshire White Horses to be fenced in, alongside Alton Barnes White Horse, Cherhill White Horse and Marlborough White Horse.

The horse is maintained and scoured by the Pewsey 6X Club,[11] who work under the name of the Pewsey Horse Restoration Group.[6] In either late 1999 or early 2000, an information board was placed above the horse (backed to the fence) giving information on the eight white horses. This was placed after Devizes White Horse had been cut.

In July 2008, Eqvalan, a parasite paste brand for horses, supported the protection of the white horse as part of their 25th birthday celebrations.[12] Their donation was used to help restore the protective fencing around the horse.[13] In return, Eqvalan were allowed to decorate the horse for a short time as part of their anniversary celebrations; they adorned the horse with a party hat and placed bunting inside the protective fence.[12] The white horse was recently covered with grass during the build-up to Pewsey's annual carnival, and the horse then appeared during the procession itself.[14]

The Town Flag of Pewsey, registered with the Flag Institute on 18 September 2014, features an illustration of the Pewsey White Horse in the centre.[3] The flag was designed by Eleanor Taylor, with the flag's dark green hills representing Pewsey's rural farming landscape upon which is charged the White Horse, whilst above the horse is the crown to represent King Alfred, who has a statue in the village centre, the only other public art in Pewsey aside from the white horse, and who once held land in Pewsey. The oak leaves represent the solidity of the village.[3]