Shortage could cost nation's businesses $20 billion

Friday, October 22, 2004

The Associated Press

WASHINGTON -- This year's flu vaccine shortage could cost the nation up to $20 billion in lost productivity -- almost twice as much as in a typical year -- depending on the severity of the outbreak, according to one estimate.

The average worker misses about 1 to 1.5 days a year because of the flu, said David Cutler, a health economist at Harvard. That absenteeism rate could double because of scant flu vaccine supplies this year.

"There's an enormous margin of error: how bad the flu will be," Cutler said of his estimate. "That's where the real uncertainty is."

One vaccine expert says early indications -- and milder flu outbreaks in Australia and New Zealand -- suggest this flu season in America could be mild.

The most recent statistics from the CDC indicate low flu activity in seven states.

"It's not 'We're getting ready to close the school down, there are so many cases,' " Dr. Greg Poland said of the sporadic reports. Poland is director of the Mayo Clinic's vaccine research group and one of the government's vaccine experts.

The dominant virus strain, so far, is contained in this year's vaccine and sickened up to 30 percent of Americans last year, providing some carry-over immunity. Poland cautioned that the nation is just beginning the flu season, which most often peaks in January or later.

Federal authorities learned in early October that Chiron Corp. would be unable to supply 46 million to 48 million flu vaccine doses, due to British regulatory action. The FDA, which sent inspectors in early October, agreed Chiron's flu vaccine was not safe to use.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is working with Aventis Pasteur to ensure the next wave of flu vaccine -- 24 million shots -- reaches those at the highest risk.

The number of high-risk individuals seeking shots exceeds the 58 million flu doses Aventis expects to provide this year. It's unclear how many healthy Americans will receive flu shots.

Employers typically purchase 10 million to 20 million flu shots to sponsor flu clinics at work. Sixty percent of companies responding to a Society for Human Resource Management survey in June said they would hold flu clinics this year. Many of those workplace flu clinics were shelved to funnel vaccine to high-risk individuals, including the very young, the very old and those with chronic medical conditions.

This year's flu vaccine shortage could cause deaths to spike by 25 percent, said Dr. John Treanor, an infectious disease expert at the University of Rochester Medical Center. In a typical year, 36,000 Americans die from the flu. That mortality figure rises to 51,000 when flu-related complications, like heart attacks and strokes, are included.

Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy G. Thompson on Tuesday again urged seniors to get vaccinated to protect against pneumonia, another flu complication.

Merck & Company, the sole supplier of that vaccine, on Thursday said it would make an additional 11 million doses of Pneumovax 23. That raises this year's production to 17 million doses. In a typical year, the company sells 6 million to 7 million doses of the pneumococcal vaccine.

Vaccinating healthy Americans against the flu, some studies indicate, is cost-effective, saving at least $13.66 per person.

ComPsych Corp. this year canceled its annual workplace flu shot programs covering thousands of employees. In past years, the employee assistance program found that flu shots dramatically reduced worker absenteeism.

Only 7 percent of employees vaccinated for the flu missed work due to that illness. That compares with 40 percent who missed work for their own flu sickness when they weren't vaccinated, ComPsych found.

Parents of children vaccinated with FluMist missed 72 percent fewer days of work, a University of Maryland School of Medicine study showed.

The study will be repeated in Maryland, Minnesota, Texas and Washington state this year.