What about other types of math? Well, here’s where the answer is more nuanced… it depends on how much original machine learning research you’ll be doing.

Application-Heavy Machine Learning Positions

In practice, especially in entry-level roles, you’ll often be using out-of-the-box ML implementations. There are robust libraries of common libraries in many programming languages. You don’t need to reinvent the wheel.

Even so, interviewers may still test your basic linear algebra and multivariable calculus. Why do they do this?

Well, at some point, your team may still need to build custom implementations of ML algorithms. For example, you may need to adapt one to your tech stack or to expand its base functionality. To do so, you must be able to peel back ML algorithms and work with their innards.

R&D-Heavy Machine Learning Positions

Other roles need much more original ML research and development. You may need to translate algorithms from academic papers into working code. Or, you might research enhancements based on your business’s unique challenges.

In other words, you’ll be implementing algorithms from scratch much more often.

For these positions, mastery of both linear algebra and multivariable calculus is a must.

The Best Way to Learn Math for Data Science

The self-starter way to learning math for data science is to learn by “doing shit.” So we’re going to tackle linear algebra and calculus by using them in real algorithms!

Even so, you’ll want to learn or review the underlying theory up front. You don’t need to read a whole textbook, but you’ll want to learn the key concepts first.

Here are the 3 steps to learning the math required for data science and machine learning:

For R&D-heavy roles...

Linear Algebra Review for Machine Learning (Video Series) – These are the optional linear algebra review videos for Andrew Ng’s machine learning course. The entire 6-part series can be watched in under 1 hour. Recommended if you’ve taken linear algebra before and just need a quick review.

For R&D-heavy roles...

Multivariable Calculus Review (Video) – This is quick review of multivariable calculus in the format of solving practice problems. Recommended if you’ve taken multivariable calculus before and just need a quick review.

Step 3: Simple Neural Network from Scratch

Congratulations! You’ve got the theory out of the way. Now it’s time for the really fun part.

One of the best ways to learn math for data science and machine learning is to build a simple neural network from scratch.

You’ll use linear algebra to represent the network and calculus to optimize it. Specifically, you’ll code up gradient descent from scratch.

Don't worry too much about the nuances of neural networks for now. It's ok if you're just following instructions and writing code. We'll cover machine learning in depth in another guide, as this is for targeted math practice.

Follow along with the tutorials, and review theory as you go along. Plus, you'll have a cool project to add to your portfolio afterward.

Here are a few awesome step-by-step guides:

Neural Network in Python, Part 2 - This is an incredible tutorial that takes you through a simple neural network from end to end. It's packed with helpful illustrations, and you'll learn about how gradient descent fits in.

Neural Nets to Recognize Handwritten Digits - We love this resource! This is a free online book that walks you through a famous application of neural networks. It explains ideas very intuitively, and it's the most in-depth tutorial in this list.