Discovery of biomarkers in breath: Enhancing separation and identification using GC×GC–TOF MS

This study describes the comprehensive, high-sensitivity screening of disease biomarkers, through use of sampling onto TD tubes, automated preconcentration, and GC×GC–TOF MS. Key advantages of the system described are enhanced separation of complex breath mixtures, high sensitivity through the use of trap-based focusing and an inherently sensitive detector, and confident identification of the most challenging species with Tandem Ionisation.

A key aspect of the work is the use of the INSIGHT GC×GC flow modulator, which provides excellent peak shape without the volatility restrictions of thermal modulation, while avoiding the need for expensive liquid cryogen.