Historical Significance: A short and simple student manual on testing and treatment of ocular muscle defects published by an early US private optometry school. The Needles Institute of Optometry was founded in Missouri in 1907 by William Bray Needles, a respected optometrist and educator. Needles bought the Northern Illinois College of Ophthalmology and Otology in 1922 and renamed it the Northern Illinois College of Optometry in 1926 (now the Illinois College of Optometry in Chicago).