The following six tables present results from the split-plot repeated-measures ANOVA as described in the Methods section of the text. Since only one habitat contained shrubs, for this variable we conducted a simple, repeated-measures ANOVA and grouped plots in low and high grazing history sites. This was also the case for individual forb species (since not all species occurred in all sites). Moreover, for the forb group overall, we have four years of data (19982001); we have three years of data (19992001) for separate forb species, and for palatable vegetation. NDF = numerator degrees of freedom; DDF = denominator (error) degrees of freedom. Hab = habitat, Comb = combined treatments, Add = additive treatments, Yr = year.

TABLE C1. Results from the repeated measure, split plot ANOVA where total, graminoid, forb, shrub, and palatable ANPP (gm-2yr-1) were the dependent variables. For total and shrub foliar ANPP, there was a significant combined × year interaction. However, the combined treatment was not statistically significant in any one year. Similarly, there was a significant habitat × clip interaction for graminoid ANPP; however, the clip effect was statistically significant for neither the shrubland nor the meadow habitat.

TOTAL

GRAMINOID

FORB

SHRUB

PALATABLE

MODEL

NDF

DDF

F

P

NDF

DDF

F

P

NDF

DDF

F

P

NDF

DDF

F

P

NDF

DDF

F

P

Hab

1

2

2.17

0.28

1

2

3.05

0.22

1

2

5.32

0.15

-

-

-

-

1

2

135.72

0.01

Warm

1

6

14.65

0.01

1

6

17.88

0.01

1

6

1.64

0.25

1

28

1.53

0.23

1

6

3.90

0.10

Hab × Warm

1

6

4.85

0.07

1

6

0.34

0.58

1

6

0.24

0.64

-

-

-

-

1

6

2.34

0.18

Clip

1

6

3.54

0.11

1

6

0.26

0.63

1

6

67.00

0.00

1

28

1.09

0.31

1

6

2.40

0.17

Hab × Clip

1

6

0.01

0.92

1

6

3.12

0.13

1

6

4.31

0.08

-

-

-

-

1

6

2.10

0.20

Warm × Clip

1

6

0.47

0.52

1

6

0.01

0.92

1

6

0.16

0.70

1

28

0.48

0.50

1

6

0.82

0.40

Hab × Wm × Cli

1

6

0.01

0.92

1

6

0.04

0.85

1

6

4.04

0.09

-

-

-

-

1

6

0.07

0.80

Yr

3

24

15.62

<.0001

3

24

7.19

0.00

3

24

52.49

<.0001

3

84

1.43

0.24

2

16

11.16

0.00

Hab × Yr

3

24

4.82

0.01

3

24

3.01

0.05

3

24

3.70

0.03

-

-

-

-

2

16

2.51

0.11

Warm × Yr

3

24

2.87

0.06

3

24

3.40

0.03

3

24

0.55

0.65

3

84

5.20

0.00

2

16

1.28

0.31

Hab × Warm × Y

3

24

1.88

0.16

3

24

0.59

0.63

3

24

1.21

0.33

-

-

-

-

2

16

1.35

0.29

Clip × Yr

3

24

2.84

0.06

3

24

1.17

0.34

3

24

1.42

0.26

3

84

36.67

0.00

2

16

1.82

0.19

Hab × Clip × Yr

3

24

0.80

0.51

3

24

0.36

0.78

3

24

0.29

0.83

-

-

-

-

2

16

0.55

0.59

Warm × Clip × Y

3

24

1.13

0.36

3

24

1.10

0.37

3

24

1.34

0.28

3

84

0.68

0.57

2

16

1.30

0.30

Hab × Wm × Cl ×

3

24

0.25

0.86

3

24

0.53

0.66

3

24

0.39

0.76

-

-

-

-

2

16

1.26

0.31

Comb

1

2

1.43

0.35

1

2

9.81

0.09

1

2

21.58

0.04

1

14

0.02

0.90

1

2

0.10

0.79

Hab × Comb

1

2

1.66

0.33

1

2

2.41

0.26

1

2

1.14

0.40

-

-

-

-

1

2

4.71

0.16

Comb × Yr

3

12

5.33

0.01

3

12

2.11

0.15

3

12

0.96

0.44

3

42

8.77

0.00

2

8

0.35

0.71

Hab × Comb × Y

3

12

0.33

0.80

3

12

0.43

0.73

3

12

0.62

0.62

-

-

-

-

2

8

0.12

0.89

Add

1

2

3.88

0.19

1

2

8.49

0.10

1

2

11.76

0.08

1

14

0.78

0.39

1

2

10.94

0.08

Hab × Add

1

2

1.45

0.35

1

2

1.45

0.35

1

2

1.74

0.32

-

-

-

-

1

2

2.74

0.24

Add × Yr

3

12

6.30

0.01

3

12

4.96

0.02

3

12

1.53

0.26

3

42

4.76

0.01

2

8

2.98

0.11

Hab × Add × Yr

3

12

0.79

0.52

3

12

1.73

0.21

3

12

0.58

0.64

-

-

-

-

2

8

0.79

0.49

TABLE C2. ANOVA results for treatment effects on the ANPP of seven different forb species.

Model

NDF

DDF

F

P

NDF

DDF

F

P

NDF

DDF

F

P

NDF

DDF

F

P

Oxytropis spp.

Gentiana straminea

Stellera chamajasme

Sausurrea superba

Warm

1

43

5.66

0.02

1

12

1.77

0.21

1

12

3.43

0.09

1

43

3.74

0.06

Clip

1

43

5.97

0.02

1

12

2.28

0.16

1

12

0.00

0.96

1

43

12.32

0.00

Warm × Clip

1

43

1.99

0.17

1

12

6.53

0.03

1

12

0.00

0.95

1

43

0.01

0.91

Yr

2

86

4.90

0.01

2

24

2.74

0.08

2

24

2.40

0.11

2

86

7.47

0.00

Warm × Yr

2

86

4.92

0.01

2

24

1.67

0.21

2

24

1.56

0.23

2

86

0.69

0.50

Clip × Yr

2

86

2.50

0.09

2

24

3.59

0.04

2

24

0.39

0.68

2

86

0.41

0.66

Warm × Clip × Yr

2

86

2.72

0.07

2

24

3.01

0.07

2

24

0.60

0.56

2

86

2.29

0.11

Comb

1

22

0.00

0.96

1

6

2.712

0.151

1

6

1.36

0.29

1

22

1.03

0.32

Comb × Yr

2

44

1.00

0.38

2

12

0.883

0.439

2

12

1.26

0.32

2

44

0.56

0.57

Add

1

22

2.54

0.13

1

6

11.81

0.014

1

6

2.19

0.19

1

22

1.01

0.33

Add × Yr

2

44

2.24

0.12

2

12

2.627

0.113

2

12

0.63

0.55

2

44

1.79

0.18

NDF

DDF

F

P

NDF

DDF

F

P

NDF

DDF

F

P

Morina chinensis

Aster flaccidus

Polygonum viviparum

Warm

1

11

0.25

0.62

1

11

12.02

0.01

1

12

2.88

0.12

Clip

1

11

2.33

0.16

1

11

11.66

0.01

1

12

3.53

0.08

Warm × Clip

1

11

0.07

0.80

1

11

3.71

0.08

1

12

5.16

0.04

Yr

2

22

9.36

0.00

2

22

22.77

0.00

2

24

5.31

0.01

Warm × Yr

2

22

0.20

0.82

2

22

4.68

0.02

2

24

0.21

0.82

Clip × Yr

2

22

0.29

0.75

2

22

1.52

0.24

2

24

1.54

0.24

Warm × Clip × Yr

2

22

1.10

0.35

2

22

0.17

0.85

2

24

2.91

0.07

Comb

1

6

1.76

0.23

1

6

0.00

0.97

1

6

0.06

0.81

Comb × Yr

2

12

0.01

0.99

2

12

0.88

0.44

2

12

1.32

0.30

Add

1

6

3.98

0.09

1

6

6.97

0.04

1

6

3.71

0.10

Add × Yr

2

12

2.03

0.17

2

12

1.89

0.19

2

12

3.56

0.06

TABLE C3. ANOVA results where GC represents the difference between the grazing control (grazed) plots and the clipped plots, as described in the Methods section of the text.

Variable

Model

NDF

DDF

F

P

Total Vegetation

GC

1

2

1.26

0.379

Hab × GC

1

2

0.01

0.924

GC × Yr

1

4

0.69

0.452

Hab × GC × Yr

1

4

0.01

0.943

Forb

GC

1

2

1.77

0.315

Hab × GC

1

2

1.14

0.398

GC × Yr

1

4

9.6

0.036

Hab × GC × Yr

1

4

0.77

0.431

Graminoid

GC

1

2

1.82

0.309

Hab × GC

1

2

0.03

0.877

GC × Yr

1

4

1.45

0.295

Hab × GC × Yr

1

4

0.02

0.896

Grass

GC

1

2

1.5

0.345

Hab × GC

1

2

0.41

0.587

GC × Yr

1

4

1.45

0.295

Hab × GC × Yr

1

4

0.01

0.939

Sedge

GC

1

2

1.14

0.397

Hab × GC

1

2

1.15

0.396

GC × Yr

1

4

0.54

0.502

Hab × GC × Yr

1

4

0.31

0.606

Shrub

GC

1

14

0.00

0.977

GC × Yr

1

14

1.60

0.226

Total Palatable Ve

GC

1

2

1.13

0.399

Hab × GC

1

2

0.38

0.601

GC × Yr

1

4

0.46

0.536

Hab × GC × Yr

1

4

1.26

0.324

Non Palatable For

GC

1

2

0.39

0.596

Hab × GC

1

2

0.13

0.756

GC × Yr

1

4

1.52

0.285

Hab × GC × Yr

1

4

0.1

0.769

Palatable Forb

GC

1

2

1.17

0.393

Hab × GC

1

2

0.86

0.452

GC × Yr

1

4

0.06

0.821

Hab × GC × Yr

1

4

0.75

0.435

TABLE C4. ANOVA results of treatment effects on BG biomass. We sampled BG biomass in 1998 and 2000 by taking one 6-cm diameter soil core per plot to 10-cm depth at peak AG biomass. We separated coarse (>2mm diameter) from fine (<2mm diameter) roots. Coarse roots include rhizomes and underground storage organs. We did not distinguish live from dead roots. The only significant treatment effect was on total root biomass (hab × warm × yr). The LSD test shows there was no warming effect on total root biomass at the meadows, and a marginal increase in total root biomass with warming at the shrublands (+39.22 g/m2, P = 0.12).

Model

NDF

DDF

F

P

Total

Habitat

1

2

0.01

0.930

Warm

1

6

0.09

0.771

Hab × Warm

1

6

0.93

0.372

Clip

1

6

0.10

0.762

Hab × Clip

1

6

0.92

0.374

Warm × Clip

1

6

0.00

0.993

Hab × Warm × Clip

1

6

0.55

0.486

Year

1

8

105.46

0.000

Hab × Yr

1

8

0.05

0.834

Warm × Yr

1

8

0.01

0.910

Hab × Warm × Yr

1

8

4.56

0.065

Clip × Yr

1

8

0.24

0.636

Hab × Clip × Yr

1

8

0.03

0.865

Warm × Clip × Yr

1

8

0.04

0.842

Hab × Warm × Clip × Yr

1

8

0.00

0.985

> 2mm

Habitat

1

2

1.18

0.391

Warm

1

6

0.01

0.908

Hab × Warm

1

6

0.15

0.714

Clip

1

6

0.01

0.909

Hab × Clip

1

6

0.11

0.755

Warm × Clip

1

6

0.01

0.919

Hab × Warm × Clip

1

6

0.63

0.458

Year

1

8

25.82

0.001

Hab × Yr

1

8

9.20

0.016

Warm × Yr

1

8

0.06

0.819

Hab × Warm × Yr

1

8

1.37

0.275

Clip × Yr

1

8

0.00

0.986

Hab × Clip × Yr

1

8

0.02

0.904

Warm × Clip × Yr

1

8

0.07

0.801

Hab × Warm × Clip × Yr

1

8

0.15

0.711

≤2mm

Habitat

1

2

5.53

0.143

Warm

1

6

0.07

0.800

Hab × Warm

1

6

0.69

0.438

Clip

1

6

0.08

0.786

Hab × Clip

1

6

0.83

0.398

Warm × Clip

1

6

0.03

0.867

Hab × Warm × Clip

1

6

0.01

0.913

Year

1

8

40.70

0.000

Hab × Yr

1

8

23.33

0.001

Warm × Yr

1

8

0.26

0.621

Hab × Warm × Yr

1

8

1.33

0.281

Clip × Yr

1

8

0.48

0.506

Hab × Clip × Yr

1

8

0.00

0.960

Warm × Clip × Yr

1

8

0.01

0.915

Hab × Warm × Clip × Yr

1

8

0.36

0.564

TABLE C5. ANOVA results for total ANPP in 2000 from May through October.

Model

NDF

DDF

F

P

Month

5

40

55.86

<.0001

Habitat × Month

5

40

12.79

<.0001

Warm × Month

5

40

2.32

0.06

Habitat × Warm × Month

5

40

0.90

0.49

Clip × Month

5

40

4.34

0.00

Habitat × Clip × Month

5

40

3.85

0.01

Warm × Clip × Month

5

40

2.04

0.09

Habitat × Warm × Clip ×

5

40

0.97

0.45

Combined × Month

5

20

12.71

<.0001

Habitat × Combined × M

5

20

1.53

0.23

Additive × Month

5

20

10.22

<.0001

Habitat × Additive × Mo

5

20

1.00

0.44

TABLE C6. ANOVA results for treatment effects on the foliar N content of different vegetation groups.

Forb N

Grass N

Sedge N

Shrub N

MODEL

NDF

DDF

F

P

NDF

DDF

F

P

NDF

DDF

F

P

NDF

DDF

F

P

Hab

1

2

0.03

0.88

1

2

0.15

0.73

1

2

0.02

0.91

-

-

-

-

Warm

1

6

0.00

0.98

1

6

0.04

0.85

1

6

4.01

0.09

1

28

0.05

0.82

Hab × Warm

1

6

0.29

0.61

1

6

1.47

0.27

1

6

3.64

0.11

-

-

-

-

Clip

1

6

3.04

0.13

1

6

33.07

0.00

1

6

6.02

0.05

1

28

0.34

0.57

Hab × Clip

1

6

0.10

0.76

1

6

7.77

0.03

1

6

0.19

0.68

-

-

-

-

Warm × Clip

1

6

0.07

0.81

1

6

0.41

0.55

1

6

0.00

0.98

1

28

0.01

0.94

Hab × Wm × Clip

1

6

0.10

0.76

1

6

0.01

0.92

1

6

0.25

0.63

-

-

-

-

Yr

1

8

0.01

0.91

1

8

15.44

0.00

1

8

38.12

0.00

1

28

33.07

0.00

Hab × Yr

1

8

4.11

0.08

1

8

1.81

0.22

1

8

1.64

0.24

-

-

-

-

Warm × Yr

1

8

0.00

0.97

1

8

0.04

0.85

1

8

10.01

0.01

1

28

10.79

0.00

Hab × Warm × Yr

1

8

0.35

0.57

1

8

2.11

0.18

1

8

0.24

0.63

-

-

-

-

Clip × Yr

1

8

0.39

0.55

1

8

3.78

0.09

1

8

4.78

0.06

1

28

1.35

0.26

Hab × Clip × Yr

1

8

0.96

0.36

1

8

5.89

0.04

1

8

1.63

0.24

-

-

-

-

Warm × Clip × Yr

1

8

0.10

0.76

1

8

1.50

0.26

1

8

0.10

0.76

1

28

0.44

0.51

Hab × Wm × Cl × Yr

1

8

0.13

0.72

1

8

0.30

0.60

1

8

0.84

0.39

-

-

-

-

Comb

1

2

1.31

0.37

1

2

9.15

0.09

1

2

12.0

0.07

1

14

0.31

0.59

Hab × Comb

1

2

0.02

0.90

1

2

4.74

0.16

1

2

1.39

0.36

-

-

-

-

Comb × Yr

1

4

0.18

0.69

1

4

1.35

0.31

1

4

18.21

0.01

1

14

2.14

0.17

Hab × Comb × Yr

1

4

0.06

0.81

1

4

0.28

0.63

1

4

1.91

0.24

-

-

-

-

Add

1

2

0.00

0.97

1

2

1.54

0.34

1

2

2.04

0.29

1

14

0.34

0.57

Hab × Add

1

2

0.74

0.48

1

2

14.1

0.06

1

2

0.64

0.51

-

-

-

-

Add × Yr

1

3

1.18

0.36

1

4

29.5

0.01

1

4

4.52

0.1

1

14

0.23

0.64

Hab × Add × Yr

1

3

2.71

0.20

1

4

0.04

0.86

1

4

0.01

0.91

-

-

-

-

TABLE C7. ANOVA results for treatment effects on the foliar C:N content of different vegetation groups.