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72imI Year Io. 2 15 ; mmI lovnUgl It's Sunday. Jam 2J. MM) 6 Sections 78 Pages 35 Cents
Birdsitters
Couple finds adoption
of blue jays hard work
By Linda Halvorson
MBssoorian staff writer
Thanks to a retired doctor and his wife, three baby blue
jays are alive and chirping.
For the past two weeks, Dr. and Mrs. T. Marvin Haw
Jr. of 1887 Jackson St. have been feeding three blue jays
. that fell out of their nest. The birds must be fed ever)'
hour during the day, and they sleep in the garage at night.
Mrs. Haw has named the birds Dickie, Rickie and Pixie,
bat says they're growing so fast she's having a hard time
telling them apart " I worry that they won't learn to feed
themselves, but we've never raised birds before so we
dont know exactly what a mother bird would do," Mrs.
Haw says.
Haw taught the birds to fly by tossing them into the air
until they learned to stay aloft. The three how spend their
days flying around the back yard of the Haw home, chirp-ing
constantly as they wait to be fed.
Surprisingly, milk seems to be one of their favorite
foods. " They like it so much you'd think it was part of
their nature to nurse like mammals do," Haw says, feed-ing
Pixie froman eyedropper.
The Haws hope the blue jays will eventually return to
their natural habitat-- It takes a lot of work to dig up and
catch enough bugs and moths to feed the hungry birds, the
couple says; " I wonder how parent birds ever keep up
with six or seven open mouths when we're kept busy with
these three," Mrs. Haw says.
The largest bird, Dickie, has begun to eat live crickets
and moths and picks at bugs while Haw digs them.
1k3eSbBBK' Jfi bBdSHPhE9B3Hv sp5
IJodaHahorson
A baby blue jay, top, opens his beak for an
eyedropper of milk. Another bird, left,
munches on a delicacy a freshly caught
bug. Mrs. T. Marvin Haw Jr., above, holds her
arm out for a bird while a nest mate is fed an
one of his hourly meals.
When the bugs aren't plentiful, the birds are fed every- thin- g
from Cheerios lo raisins. " Babies are all the same:
if they dont like something or are too full, they'll tell you
by spitting it out," Mrs. Haw says.
There are a few cats in the neighborhood, but the Haws
keep watch over the birds ui case one of the animals
comes around. " We've seen cats with dead birds sitting
proudly outside the front door. We're just thankful it
hasnl been one of ours," Mrs. Haw says.
The blue jays have started to trade their baby fluff for
adult wings, so it shouldn't be more than another week be-fore
they'll refuse to be caught and put in the garage.
When asked how they will feel once the birds are gone,
the Haws say they will miss them and be a little appre-hensive
not knowing if they'll make it on their own. But
the' Haws also say they look forward to a vacation and a
little rest.
Judges: mall won't hurt
downtown businesses
By Beth Mallard
Missourian staff writer
Two Boone County judges responsi-ble
for making the final decision on the
May Co. request for a mall on the Phil-ips
property do not seem overly con-cerned
about the effects of competition
on downtown Columbia merchants.
Nor do they have any intention of stop-ping
further development around the
site if the mall is approved.
Northern District Judge Dick Farm-er
admits there will be continued de-velopment
of the area if a mall is built,
since traditionally there is some com-mercial
build- up- , and residential de-velopment
follows.
But he doesn't see that as detri-mental
to the area. " Existing business-es
not only will survive, but prosper'
he said. This is because competition,
coupled with the strength of the local
economy, will result in a " fine tuning
of retail businesses, both at the mall
and in Columbia," said Farmer.
Could downtown Columbia deterio
rate significantly? Presiding Judge
Bill Freeh says he doesn't agree with
the picture painted by opponents show-ing
the downtown area turning into a
bunch of porno movie shops. He said
the town won't have them unless peo-ple
want to patronize them.
He thinks it is certainly true that
" anyone's misfortune is everyone's
misfortune." But he adds, " If the mall
does create misfortune we will regret
it. On the other hand, there are down-town
merchants who feel it won't af-fect
business."
He implied development would oc-cur;
if not in one area near town, then
in another. " I have a hard time think-ing
that a dollar spent northwest of
town is different than a dollar spent
southeast of town," he said.
As to whether there is a limit on the
commercial development that the Co-lumbia
area can absorb, Freeh said
there probably is, but he couldn't judge
what it would be. " I like to think the
people who are investing the money
are the people who need to be the most
careful," he said.
Farmer thinks development won't
hurt the area as a whole. He says " The
basic character of certain areas may
change with the marketplace but
the economy of the area is strong and
stable. Retailers may have to be more
innovative than in the past. I think they
can do it." He feels they are capable of
withstanding the initial shock of the ad-ditional
retail space.
The proposed mall will contain 670,- 00- 0
square feet ( 61,300 square meters)
of retail space. The whole of downtown
Columbia contains only 2 million
square feet of space, so substantial ad-ditional
commercial sites could make
the area around U. S. 63 rival that of
the downtown.
On the possibility of the degeneration
of the area around the proposed mall
site, Freeh who is the only judge
also to be a member of the county
Planning and Zoning Commission
appeared to shift somewhat away
( See FRECH, Page 14A )
Shah's health poor; Sadat worried
CAIRO ( UPI) President Anwar
Sadat cut short a visit to the seaside
Saturday to be close to the ailing, de-posed
shah of Iran in a Cairo hospital,
saying he is in very serious condition
and " all of us have to pray for him."
One of the shah's doctors indicated
that the latest complications were the
result of lymphatic cancer.
Sadat earlier said he was getting
hourly reports on the 60- year-- old for-mer
ruler. The shah re- enter- ed a hospi-tal
near Cairo Friday for what first
was called a fever.
Sources at the Information Ministry
said the president would leave his sum-'-""
mer home at the port city of Alexan-dria
and return to the capital earlyJLo--..
day. . . . " -.-
-. ; r" " Ji-'-
T " AskecTabout the nature of the-- shah's
latest ailment, Sadat said, " It started sith . pneumonia." He did net elab--'
orate. He said he was hoping for an im-provement,
" otherwise I shall leave
for Cairo."
The shah has suffered from lymph
cancer for seven years, a factor that
led to his hospitalization in New York
last October, sparking the seizure by
Moslem militants of the U. S. Embassy
in Tehran.
Sadat spoke after meeting with top
officials on foreign and domestic mat-ters.
" During the meeting I received
an-- urge- nt message that the t shah's)
case is very serious and so all of us
have to pray for him," Sadat said.
He was upset when a reporter asked
if be expected the shah to die in two or
thrijfedays.
I am not God and I would not like to
hear this," he said.
Dr. Abdel Hamid Khali examined
. the former ruler Saturday and told a
" SrwSd interviewer, " As the president
said, the shah is truly in serious condi-tion."
Dr. Nabil Fawzi, a radiologist, said,
" The complications which have set in
resulted from the basic disease which
afflicted the shah for years" an indi-rect
reference to lymphatic cancer.
" He may be in serious condition to-day
but may improve tomorrow. Or his
condition may deteriorate, even if the
best medical treatment was adminis-tered.
" Nobody can foretell with certainty
the course of any malignant disease,"
Fawzi said.
Officials earlier said there had been
an improvement in the shah's cancer
condition after chemotherapy and
there was " no cause for concern"
about his hospitalization.
The shah moved to the hospital from
the heavily guarded Koubba presi-dential
guest palace, where he stayed
after his first medical discharge.
The exiled monarch called Iranian
religious- - leader Ayatollah Ruhollah
Khomeini " an evil and backward man
who lives in the remote past . . a ma-niac
who stirred the lust for blood
among the masses."
He added, " If i were still in Iran
now, what happened in Afghanistan
would not have taken place," he said.
VA finds nursing home deficient
By Terry Home
and Mike Mansur
Missourian staff writers
State and federal inspectors have
dealt a double blow to Columbia House
Healthcare, 1801 Towne Drive, the fo-cus
of a series of articles June 4-- 7 in
the Columbia Missourian which report-ed
the nursing home had moretlian 250
violations over a three- ye- ar period.
Following a Veterans Administration
inspection of the home June 6. VA offi-cials
found " conditions havt? not im-proved
over previous inspections, and
it is our determination that our veter-ans
cannot be provided the necessary
level of quality care when such condi-tions
exist."
State inspectors from the Missouri
Division of Aging found serious defi-ciencies
of their own in a four- da- y in--
Who Cares ffi
f" the Elderly
spection completed last Thursday.
Although the results of that inspec-tion
have not been released, the Mis-sourian
has learned the state inspec-tors
found the home in noncompliance
with state license requirements in two
of four major areas: patient care and
fire safety.
The administrator at Columbia
House, Mary Lou Pierce, told report-ers
June 4 the home had made major
improvements and. if the home was re--
inspected, it would receive a " clean
bill of health."
Instead, a VA team of six inspectors
found, " In general, there was little, if
any improvement. There were no sig-nificant
violations of the Life Safety
Code so that the safety of the residents
is not endangered.
" However, the same lackadaisical
attitude persists and it is recommend-ed
by this site visit team that the con-tract
not be renewed in July, 1980 and
thai an orderly and reasonably speedy
transfer of the current residents to oth-er
facilities be effected."
The home was notified June 23 the
contract would not be renewed by
James D. Thompson, VA contracting
See HOME, Page HA) Slavery part of Boone County's pioneer tradition
By Jadith Rosenborg
Missourian staff writer
The history of Boone County is the history of
its people. But the histo-- --
ry cf its black people
... has always seemed to
trail behind. ,
Many regions in Mis- - i
souri depended on I
blacks in the early 1800s
for slave labor. Fami-lies,
mainly from the
South, settled the Boone
County area, and slav-ery
was an important
part of their lives. Area
residents did not give
up easily the superior -
Chonges stow
lof Colombo biocln
versus inferior relationship even after the Civil
War.
Boone Countians did not hold large numbers
of slaves, only about 55 at the most. As individu-als,
slaveowners seemed to have an almost
friendly relationship with their slaves, but as a
group, Columbia slaveowners were often harsh,
according to a series of articles written by a re--
tired Stephens College history professor, John " Crighton.
Slave codes were passed in Columbia in 1828,
when blacks made up almost one- fif- th cf the to-tal
county population. The laws banned actions
such as loitering in groups of five or more in
town, to be punished by whipping.
A few Boone countians began freeing their
slaves in the 1830s, but Missouri again reacted
with harsh codes. The Missouri General Assem-bly
passed a law forbidding free blacks to live
Insight
Editor's note: The history of Columbia's black
community is as old as the city. There have
been successes, particularly in recent years,
but By and large the white majority has been at
best merely tolerant of the $ percent ci the
town's population thai is black. This story is the
first of a series that pTmtaw how the minority
community has tried to adapt to life in a town
with strong Southern origins.
in the state unless the county court granted per-mission.
For this, a black needed proof of good
behavior, proof of some means of support, often
a $ 100 to $ 500 bond and a sponsor, usually the
one who freed him. Fifty applications had been
granted prior to the Civil War.
Not many slaves were freed voluntarily. The
black man was an excellent source of capital.
The value of slaves increased from 1828 to 1860
because they were mobile property. A large- sca- le
slave market developed here in the early
1850s, with four dealers in Columbia. Just be-fore
the Civil War, prices at local slave auc-tions
were the highest, with a female going for
$ 1,000 and an average male worker for $ 1,300.
When the Civil War came, Missouri was di-vided
on the slave issue. Missourians generally
saw the war and Abraham Lincoln's election as
a threat to the state's labor system. Boone
County was divided not over whether slavery
was right or wrong, but whether slavery or the
unity of the country was more important.
Blacks began enlisting in Missouri in the
summer of 1863 and were drafted into the Union
Army that winter. Missouri raised six black
regiments.
Missouri blacks were able to attend college
soon after the war, thanks to the efforts of the
men of the state's 62nd and 65th Colored Infan-try.
They raised the necessary money to found
Lincoln University in Jefferson City, which was
for many years a black university.
At the end of the war, the 13th Amendment to
the VS. Constitution ended slavery. The 14th
Amendment in 1868 guaranteed equal protec-tion
for blacks as well as all civil liberties en-joyed
by white persons. The 15th Amendment
gave blacks the right to vote in 1870.
These declarations of freedom and equality
on paper were slow to be put into effect. Colum--
See SLAVERY, Page 10A) Pyramid sales letters still arriving
By Marcia Joy Praise
MisKwrian staff writer
A chain letter containing a suspected
pyramid sales scheme was mailed to a
University professor earlier this month
in apparent violation of Missouri pyr-amid
sales scheme law. Two other let-ters
were mailed into the state in May,
sparking an investigation by the con-sumer
protection division of the Mis-souri
attorney generaTs& ice. ; I The June letterd Angus Mc- Doug- all,
offerJVrtiRswtauSy to
make $ 250,000 -- WZa membership
dues by mailing $ S toifte topname ooa
list of three people from around the
country, and $ 20 to N. A. T. Associates
of Chicago to receive 50 names on ad-dress
labels and SO letters with the new
member's name added to the bottom of
the list.
The letter works on the premise that
if the chain is not broken, each name
on the list will receive up to $ 625,000
from other. $ 5 club membership dues.
The letter, which quotes Jack Caw- le- y
of San Francisco as the originator
of the plan, urges prospective new
members, " ' As a legitimate money- makin- g
opportunity seeker, if this let-ter
is continued by you and others, ev- -
eryone will receive up to $ 2SO, 000 in
club membership dues . . . Follow my
directions and in 20 to 90 days you will
receive up to $ 250,000 from other business-
- minded Americans like you-rself.'"
The letter continues, " The more let-ters
you send out, the greater your
chances are of getting big mone-- y
. . . Your belief in this plan could net
you thousands of dollars."
However, the scheme appears to be
in violation of the state's pyramid sales
scheme law. and also the US. Postal
Lottery and Fraud Laws. The federal
law regards as nonmailable those
chain letters which seek money, bonds,
books or other valuable items, and
promise a substantial return to the re
mitter, which is dependent upon the ac-tivities
of those who follow in the chain,
according to a postal inspector.
The Consumer Protection Division of
the state attorney general's office has
subpoenaed the records of N- A.-
T. As-sociates
in its investigation of the al-leged
pyramid scheme, said William
Newcomb, chief counsel, consumer
protection division.
" We feel this appears to be a pyr-amid,"
Newcomb said. However, bs
added, there " has to be a ruling by a
court."
The Consumer Protection Division
( See PROFESSOR, Page 14A)
Im towi
9 a- i- n. Tennis, Columbia Parks
and Recreation Department tourna-ment,
tennis courts at Cosmo, Al-bert
Oakland and Shephard parks.
Nooa Festival, " A Day in the
Park," featuring live music, juggl-ers,
clowns, puppets and a hot- a- ir
balloon ride contest, Stephens Park,
until dusk.
2 pan. Baseball, Columbia Ban
Johnson against KirksviHe, double- heade- r,
Legion Field,
.2 puna. JadJHbit, Dr. Frank Ni- fon- g's
medical instruments on dis-play
at MapJewood Home in Nifong
Park, until Span.
Noon Lecture, Rape awareness,
by Nancy Satz of the Abuse, Assault
and Rape Crisis Center, UMC Wom-en's
Center.
Inside today
Business -- .. J7C
Classified ........................... 1C- 5- C
AlOYsCS .. ............... XAiA Opinion .................... ........, . m... 4B
People ...... ..... ...... lB- 3- 3

72imI Year Io. 2 15 ; mmI lovnUgl It's Sunday. Jam 2J. MM) 6 Sections 78 Pages 35 Cents
Birdsitters
Couple finds adoption
of blue jays hard work
By Linda Halvorson
MBssoorian staff writer
Thanks to a retired doctor and his wife, three baby blue
jays are alive and chirping.
For the past two weeks, Dr. and Mrs. T. Marvin Haw
Jr. of 1887 Jackson St. have been feeding three blue jays
. that fell out of their nest. The birds must be fed ever)'
hour during the day, and they sleep in the garage at night.
Mrs. Haw has named the birds Dickie, Rickie and Pixie,
bat says they're growing so fast she's having a hard time
telling them apart " I worry that they won't learn to feed
themselves, but we've never raised birds before so we
dont know exactly what a mother bird would do," Mrs.
Haw says.
Haw taught the birds to fly by tossing them into the air
until they learned to stay aloft. The three how spend their
days flying around the back yard of the Haw home, chirp-ing
constantly as they wait to be fed.
Surprisingly, milk seems to be one of their favorite
foods. " They like it so much you'd think it was part of
their nature to nurse like mammals do," Haw says, feed-ing
Pixie froman eyedropper.
The Haws hope the blue jays will eventually return to
their natural habitat-- It takes a lot of work to dig up and
catch enough bugs and moths to feed the hungry birds, the
couple says; " I wonder how parent birds ever keep up
with six or seven open mouths when we're kept busy with
these three," Mrs. Haw says.
The largest bird, Dickie, has begun to eat live crickets
and moths and picks at bugs while Haw digs them.
1k3eSbBBK' Jfi bBdSHPhE9B3Hv sp5
IJodaHahorson
A baby blue jay, top, opens his beak for an
eyedropper of milk. Another bird, left,
munches on a delicacy a freshly caught
bug. Mrs. T. Marvin Haw Jr., above, holds her
arm out for a bird while a nest mate is fed an
one of his hourly meals.
When the bugs aren't plentiful, the birds are fed every- thin- g
from Cheerios lo raisins. " Babies are all the same:
if they dont like something or are too full, they'll tell you
by spitting it out," Mrs. Haw says.
There are a few cats in the neighborhood, but the Haws
keep watch over the birds ui case one of the animals
comes around. " We've seen cats with dead birds sitting
proudly outside the front door. We're just thankful it
hasnl been one of ours," Mrs. Haw says.
The blue jays have started to trade their baby fluff for
adult wings, so it shouldn't be more than another week be-fore
they'll refuse to be caught and put in the garage.
When asked how they will feel once the birds are gone,
the Haws say they will miss them and be a little appre-hensive
not knowing if they'll make it on their own. But
the' Haws also say they look forward to a vacation and a
little rest.
Judges: mall won't hurt
downtown businesses
By Beth Mallard
Missourian staff writer
Two Boone County judges responsi-ble
for making the final decision on the
May Co. request for a mall on the Phil-ips
property do not seem overly con-cerned
about the effects of competition
on downtown Columbia merchants.
Nor do they have any intention of stop-ping
further development around the
site if the mall is approved.
Northern District Judge Dick Farm-er
admits there will be continued de-velopment
of the area if a mall is built,
since traditionally there is some com-mercial
build- up- , and residential de-velopment
follows.
But he doesn't see that as detri-mental
to the area. " Existing business-es
not only will survive, but prosper'
he said. This is because competition,
coupled with the strength of the local
economy, will result in a " fine tuning
of retail businesses, both at the mall
and in Columbia," said Farmer.
Could downtown Columbia deterio
rate significantly? Presiding Judge
Bill Freeh says he doesn't agree with
the picture painted by opponents show-ing
the downtown area turning into a
bunch of porno movie shops. He said
the town won't have them unless peo-ple
want to patronize them.
He thinks it is certainly true that
" anyone's misfortune is everyone's
misfortune." But he adds, " If the mall
does create misfortune we will regret
it. On the other hand, there are down-town
merchants who feel it won't af-fect
business."
He implied development would oc-cur;
if not in one area near town, then
in another. " I have a hard time think-ing
that a dollar spent northwest of
town is different than a dollar spent
southeast of town," he said.
As to whether there is a limit on the
commercial development that the Co-lumbia
area can absorb, Freeh said
there probably is, but he couldn't judge
what it would be. " I like to think the
people who are investing the money
are the people who need to be the most
careful," he said.
Farmer thinks development won't
hurt the area as a whole. He says " The
basic character of certain areas may
change with the marketplace but
the economy of the area is strong and
stable. Retailers may have to be more
innovative than in the past. I think they
can do it." He feels they are capable of
withstanding the initial shock of the ad-ditional
retail space.
The proposed mall will contain 670,- 00- 0
square feet ( 61,300 square meters)
of retail space. The whole of downtown
Columbia contains only 2 million
square feet of space, so substantial ad-ditional
commercial sites could make
the area around U. S. 63 rival that of
the downtown.
On the possibility of the degeneration
of the area around the proposed mall
site, Freeh who is the only judge
also to be a member of the county
Planning and Zoning Commission
appeared to shift somewhat away
( See FRECH, Page 14A )
Shah's health poor; Sadat worried
CAIRO ( UPI) President Anwar
Sadat cut short a visit to the seaside
Saturday to be close to the ailing, de-posed
shah of Iran in a Cairo hospital,
saying he is in very serious condition
and " all of us have to pray for him."
One of the shah's doctors indicated
that the latest complications were the
result of lymphatic cancer.
Sadat earlier said he was getting
hourly reports on the 60- year-- old for-mer
ruler. The shah re- enter- ed a hospi-tal
near Cairo Friday for what first
was called a fever.
Sources at the Information Ministry
said the president would leave his sum-'-""
mer home at the port city of Alexan-dria
and return to the capital earlyJLo--..
day. . . . " -.-
-. ; r" " Ji-'-
T " AskecTabout the nature of the-- shah's
latest ailment, Sadat said, " It started sith . pneumonia." He did net elab--'
orate. He said he was hoping for an im-provement,
" otherwise I shall leave
for Cairo."
The shah has suffered from lymph
cancer for seven years, a factor that
led to his hospitalization in New York
last October, sparking the seizure by
Moslem militants of the U. S. Embassy
in Tehran.
Sadat spoke after meeting with top
officials on foreign and domestic mat-ters.
" During the meeting I received
an-- urge- nt message that the t shah's)
case is very serious and so all of us
have to pray for him," Sadat said.
He was upset when a reporter asked
if be expected the shah to die in two or
thrijfedays.
I am not God and I would not like to
hear this," he said.
Dr. Abdel Hamid Khali examined
. the former ruler Saturday and told a
" SrwSd interviewer, " As the president
said, the shah is truly in serious condi-tion."
Dr. Nabil Fawzi, a radiologist, said,
" The complications which have set in
resulted from the basic disease which
afflicted the shah for years" an indi-rect
reference to lymphatic cancer.
" He may be in serious condition to-day
but may improve tomorrow. Or his
condition may deteriorate, even if the
best medical treatment was adminis-tered.
" Nobody can foretell with certainty
the course of any malignant disease,"
Fawzi said.
Officials earlier said there had been
an improvement in the shah's cancer
condition after chemotherapy and
there was " no cause for concern"
about his hospitalization.
The shah moved to the hospital from
the heavily guarded Koubba presi-dential
guest palace, where he stayed
after his first medical discharge.
The exiled monarch called Iranian
religious- - leader Ayatollah Ruhollah
Khomeini " an evil and backward man
who lives in the remote past . . a ma-niac
who stirred the lust for blood
among the masses."
He added, " If i were still in Iran
now, what happened in Afghanistan
would not have taken place," he said.
VA finds nursing home deficient
By Terry Home
and Mike Mansur
Missourian staff writers
State and federal inspectors have
dealt a double blow to Columbia House
Healthcare, 1801 Towne Drive, the fo-cus
of a series of articles June 4-- 7 in
the Columbia Missourian which report-ed
the nursing home had moretlian 250
violations over a three- ye- ar period.
Following a Veterans Administration
inspection of the home June 6. VA offi-cials
found " conditions havt? not im-proved
over previous inspections, and
it is our determination that our veter-ans
cannot be provided the necessary
level of quality care when such condi-tions
exist."
State inspectors from the Missouri
Division of Aging found serious defi-ciencies
of their own in a four- da- y in--
Who Cares ffi
f" the Elderly
spection completed last Thursday.
Although the results of that inspec-tion
have not been released, the Mis-sourian
has learned the state inspec-tors
found the home in noncompliance
with state license requirements in two
of four major areas: patient care and
fire safety.
The administrator at Columbia
House, Mary Lou Pierce, told report-ers
June 4 the home had made major
improvements and. if the home was re--
inspected, it would receive a " clean
bill of health."
Instead, a VA team of six inspectors
found, " In general, there was little, if
any improvement. There were no sig-nificant
violations of the Life Safety
Code so that the safety of the residents
is not endangered.
" However, the same lackadaisical
attitude persists and it is recommend-ed
by this site visit team that the con-tract
not be renewed in July, 1980 and
thai an orderly and reasonably speedy
transfer of the current residents to oth-er
facilities be effected."
The home was notified June 23 the
contract would not be renewed by
James D. Thompson, VA contracting
See HOME, Page HA) Slavery part of Boone County's pioneer tradition
By Jadith Rosenborg
Missourian staff writer
The history of Boone County is the history of
its people. But the histo-- --
ry cf its black people
... has always seemed to
trail behind. ,
Many regions in Mis- - i
souri depended on I
blacks in the early 1800s
for slave labor. Fami-lies,
mainly from the
South, settled the Boone
County area, and slav-ery
was an important
part of their lives. Area
residents did not give
up easily the superior -
Chonges stow
lof Colombo biocln
versus inferior relationship even after the Civil
War.
Boone Countians did not hold large numbers
of slaves, only about 55 at the most. As individu-als,
slaveowners seemed to have an almost
friendly relationship with their slaves, but as a
group, Columbia slaveowners were often harsh,
according to a series of articles written by a re--
tired Stephens College history professor, John " Crighton.
Slave codes were passed in Columbia in 1828,
when blacks made up almost one- fif- th cf the to-tal
county population. The laws banned actions
such as loitering in groups of five or more in
town, to be punished by whipping.
A few Boone countians began freeing their
slaves in the 1830s, but Missouri again reacted
with harsh codes. The Missouri General Assem-bly
passed a law forbidding free blacks to live
Insight
Editor's note: The history of Columbia's black
community is as old as the city. There have
been successes, particularly in recent years,
but By and large the white majority has been at
best merely tolerant of the $ percent ci the
town's population thai is black. This story is the
first of a series that pTmtaw how the minority
community has tried to adapt to life in a town
with strong Southern origins.
in the state unless the county court granted per-mission.
For this, a black needed proof of good
behavior, proof of some means of support, often
a $ 100 to $ 500 bond and a sponsor, usually the
one who freed him. Fifty applications had been
granted prior to the Civil War.
Not many slaves were freed voluntarily. The
black man was an excellent source of capital.
The value of slaves increased from 1828 to 1860
because they were mobile property. A large- sca- le
slave market developed here in the early
1850s, with four dealers in Columbia. Just be-fore
the Civil War, prices at local slave auc-tions
were the highest, with a female going for
$ 1,000 and an average male worker for $ 1,300.
When the Civil War came, Missouri was di-vided
on the slave issue. Missourians generally
saw the war and Abraham Lincoln's election as
a threat to the state's labor system. Boone
County was divided not over whether slavery
was right or wrong, but whether slavery or the
unity of the country was more important.
Blacks began enlisting in Missouri in the
summer of 1863 and were drafted into the Union
Army that winter. Missouri raised six black
regiments.
Missouri blacks were able to attend college
soon after the war, thanks to the efforts of the
men of the state's 62nd and 65th Colored Infan-try.
They raised the necessary money to found
Lincoln University in Jefferson City, which was
for many years a black university.
At the end of the war, the 13th Amendment to
the VS. Constitution ended slavery. The 14th
Amendment in 1868 guaranteed equal protec-tion
for blacks as well as all civil liberties en-joyed
by white persons. The 15th Amendment
gave blacks the right to vote in 1870.
These declarations of freedom and equality
on paper were slow to be put into effect. Colum--
See SLAVERY, Page 10A) Pyramid sales letters still arriving
By Marcia Joy Praise
MisKwrian staff writer
A chain letter containing a suspected
pyramid sales scheme was mailed to a
University professor earlier this month
in apparent violation of Missouri pyr-amid
sales scheme law. Two other let-ters
were mailed into the state in May,
sparking an investigation by the con-sumer
protection division of the Mis-souri
attorney generaTs& ice. ; I The June letterd Angus Mc- Doug- all,
offerJVrtiRswtauSy to
make $ 250,000 -- WZa membership
dues by mailing $ S toifte topname ooa
list of three people from around the
country, and $ 20 to N. A. T. Associates
of Chicago to receive 50 names on ad-dress
labels and SO letters with the new
member's name added to the bottom of
the list.
The letter works on the premise that
if the chain is not broken, each name
on the list will receive up to $ 625,000
from other. $ 5 club membership dues.
The letter, which quotes Jack Caw- le- y
of San Francisco as the originator
of the plan, urges prospective new
members, " ' As a legitimate money- makin- g
opportunity seeker, if this let-ter
is continued by you and others, ev- -
eryone will receive up to $ 2SO, 000 in
club membership dues . . . Follow my
directions and in 20 to 90 days you will
receive up to $ 250,000 from other business-
- minded Americans like you-rself.'"
The letter continues, " The more let-ters
you send out, the greater your
chances are of getting big mone-- y
. . . Your belief in this plan could net
you thousands of dollars."
However, the scheme appears to be
in violation of the state's pyramid sales
scheme law. and also the US. Postal
Lottery and Fraud Laws. The federal
law regards as nonmailable those
chain letters which seek money, bonds,
books or other valuable items, and
promise a substantial return to the re
mitter, which is dependent upon the ac-tivities
of those who follow in the chain,
according to a postal inspector.
The Consumer Protection Division of
the state attorney general's office has
subpoenaed the records of N- A.-
T. As-sociates
in its investigation of the al-leged
pyramid scheme, said William
Newcomb, chief counsel, consumer
protection division.
" We feel this appears to be a pyr-amid,"
Newcomb said. However, bs
added, there " has to be a ruling by a
court."
The Consumer Protection Division
( See PROFESSOR, Page 14A)
Im towi
9 a- i- n. Tennis, Columbia Parks
and Recreation Department tourna-ment,
tennis courts at Cosmo, Al-bert
Oakland and Shephard parks.
Nooa Festival, " A Day in the
Park," featuring live music, juggl-ers,
clowns, puppets and a hot- a- ir
balloon ride contest, Stephens Park,
until dusk.
2 pan. Baseball, Columbia Ban
Johnson against KirksviHe, double- heade- r,
Legion Field,
.2 puna. JadJHbit, Dr. Frank Ni- fon- g's
medical instruments on dis-play
at MapJewood Home in Nifong
Park, until Span.
Noon Lecture, Rape awareness,
by Nancy Satz of the Abuse, Assault
and Rape Crisis Center, UMC Wom-en's
Center.
Inside today
Business -- .. J7C
Classified ........................... 1C- 5- C
AlOYsCS .. ............... XAiA Opinion .................... ........, . m... 4B
People ...... ..... ...... lB- 3- 3