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Cases

Biobanks are large collections of human biological tissue and there are ethical complications to their use in research. Two deliberative forums were held so that members of the public could consider the ethical and social implications of biobanking and to formulate recommendations for policymakers.

In 1998, the Bangladeshi government established two programs to strengthen democratic involvement in the public health system. One program created ten thousand community-managed health clinics while the other involved NGOs in the creation and direction of participatory Health Watch Committees. The lack of legal accountability and authority hindered the effectiveness...

The "Lübecker Bürgerkonferenz" is planned by the "Institut für Sozialmedizin der Universität zu Lübeck" under the administration of Professor Heiner Raspe. He wants to involve the citizens in the process of modernization of the German health care system. Following the example of Sweden, where a mix of ethics and cost-efficiency,...

Participatory health councils allow the citizens of Brazil to act as watchdogs over their public health system. These councils exist at the municipal, state, and national level, and are supplemented by a national conference on the health system every four years. Citizens are generally very active in these councils, although...

Beginning in 2013, NHS Citizen was created to give citizens could a more active role in the NHS decision making in England. Now Assembly Meeting are held twice a year in order to deliberate over citizen-generated issues and discuss with the NHS England board.