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Treatment Regimens for Latent TB Infection (LTBI)

The four treatment regimens for latent TB infection (LTBI) use isoniazid (INH), rifapentine (RPT), or rifampin (RIF). Treatment must be modified if the patient is a contact of an individual with drug-resistant TB disease. Consultation with a TB expert is advised if the known source of TB infection has drug-resistant TB.

Latent TB Infection Treatment Regimens

Drugs

Duration

Interval

Comments

Isoniazid

9 months

Daily

Preferred treatment for:

Persons living with HIV

Children aged 2-11

Pregnant Women (with pyridoxine/vitamin B6 supplements)

Twice weekly*

Preferred treatment for:

Pregnant Women (with pyridoxine/vitamin B6 supplements)

Isoniazid

6 months

Daily

Twice weekly*

Isoniazid and Rifapentine

3 months

Once weekly*

Treatment for Persons 12 years or olderNot recommended for persons who are:

Younger than 2 years old,

Living with HIV/AIDS taking antiretroviral treatment,

Presumed infected with INH or RIF-resistant M. tuberculosis, and

Women who are pregnant or expect to become pregnant within the 12–week regimen.

Rifampin

4 months

Daily

*Use Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)

Note: Due to the reports of severe liver injury and deaths, CDC recommends that the combination of rifampin (RIF) and pyrazinamide (PZA) should not be offered for the treatment of latent TB infection.