The billions of neurons and glial cells in the CNS are intertwined with a complex web of blood vessels. These various cell types dynamically interact with each other to form integrated complexes, or neurovascular units, that regulate the structural and functional integrity of the brain and have causative links to many brain pathologies.

One integrin, αVβ8, which is expressed in perivascular neural cells and brain tumor cells, is of particular interest. This integrin is a receptor for latent TGFβ's (LAP-TGFβ), which are expressed by cells as inactive ECM-associated complexes. Genetic ablation of αVβ8 integrin in neural cells or TGFβ signaling components in endothelial cells lead to strikingly similar developmental neurovascular defects, including abnormal brain angiogenesis, hemorrhage and premature death.