(Fibroids; Myomas; Fibromyomas; Leiomyomas)

Uterine fibroids are growths that develop in the wall of the uterus. This is the organ where the fetus develops. Women in their 40s and early 50s are more likely to develop fibroids.

Fibroids vary in size from very small, one inch or less (the size of a pea), to eight or more inches in diameter (the size of a grapefruit). These growths are not cancerous. Usually more than one fibroid is present.

Your doctor may do a routine pelvic exam. Most significant fibroids are discovered on routine pelvic examination. If symptoms, such as heavy bleeding, suggest the presence of fibroids that are not discovered on pelvic examination, further evaluation with imaging tests may be needed.

CT Scan —This is a type of x-ray that uses a computer to make pictures of structures inside the body.

MRI —This test that uses magnetic waves to make pictures of structures inside the body.

Hysteroscopy —A thin, lighted telescope-like tube is inserted through the vagina to the cavity of the uterus.

Laparoscopy —In this procedure, a thin tubelike instrument called a laparoscope is inserted through a small incision near the navel to allow the doctor to look inside the abdomen.

Hysterosalpingography —In this x-ray procedure, a dye is injected into the uterus and fallopian tubes to outline any irregularities of the uterine wall and fallopian tube passages.

In her own words: living with uterine fibroids

As told to Virginia Mansfield

Stomach pain, pressure on the bladder, bloating, and irregular periods were all signs Nancy* had that something was wrong. Sharing these symptoms with her doctor, lead to an early diagnosis of fibroid tumors on and around her uterus. After a successful laparoscopic surgery, she is tumor free and has been able to resume her normal lifestyle. Nancy at 51, is married and a mother of two children, ages 32 and 28, and a grandmother of one.

What was your first sign that something was wrong? What symptoms did you experience?

I had stomach pain and I felt like I had to urinate all the time. I also had bloating and indigestion. Then, I had a period that lasted for over six weeks.

What was the diagnosis experience like?

I went in for a regular Pap test and pelvic exam and I told the doctor that I felt that something was wrong because of how I was feeling. Through the ultrasound and exam, the doctor found that I had several large fibroid tumors. He wanted to schedule me for surgery the following week. However, I went for a second opinion and that doctor ran quite a few more tests. He did more blood work, another ultrasound and an MRI. He confirmed that I had fibroid tumors the size of a football, and recommended a complete hysterectomy.

What was your initial and then longer-term reaction to the diagnosis?

My initial reaction to the original diagnosis was that I wanted to get a second opinion before I rushed into surgery. I felt much more confident with the thoroughness of the second doctor. I was relieved in a way to know what it was and anxious to get it taken care of. The first doctor predicted that it was cancer, but didn’t do the degree of blood work and testing to really confirm that. The second doctor said there was a possibility of cancer, but he would have to run more tests.

How are uterine fibroids treated?

I had a complete hysterectomy through laparoscopic surgery. They removed the uterus, both ovaries, but not the cervix. I then had follow up check ups every six weeks. Right now I'm not on any medications. However, because I have night sweats and hot flashes pretty bad, I tried the estrogen patch, but that didn’t work out real well. I also tried Black Cohosh, which is an herb to help with menopause. I plan on going back to the doctor to see if there is something else I can try because the night sweats are getting more intense and more frequent.

Did you have to make any lifestyle or dietary changes in response to having uterine fibroids?

Once the healing process was over, I've been able to get back to my routine. I was not to do any heavy lifting for about six weeks. Because my job was mostly office work, I was able to go back to work in 2 ½ weeks.

As far as dietary changes, I didn’t really change anything other than I didn’t have the cravings like I had before surgery. I also feel better after I eat instead of feeling so bloated all the time.

Did you seek any type of emotional support?

No, just from family and friends.

Does having uterine fibroids have an impact on your family?

At the time I think my family was very concerned. The fear of cancer was an emotional part for the family. My husband helped out with some of the household tasks during the first few weeks when I was home for surgery.

What advice would you give to anyone living with uterine fibroids?

I would recommend that they get a second opinion, and that they feel confident with their doctor. Take it slow (unless you have to act quickly) and consider all your options. Because I had the laparoscopic surgery, instead of the traditional, I healed and recovered faster. Don't wait too long if you feel something is wrong to see a doctor.

*Not her real name

Interviews were conducted in the past and may not reflect current standards and practices in medicine. Talk to your doctor to learn more about how this condition is diagnosed and managed today and what treatment approaches are right for you.

Since the exact cause is not known, there no guidelines for preventing uterine fibroids .

Description of Services Provided:ACOG provides its members and the general public with a professional bookstore, patient education materials, and news releases. Information on government relations, women's issues, technical help, professional meetings, and a physician referral service are also provided .

Description of Services Provided:NUFF is a not-for-profit public benefit corporation organized to engage in charitable, educational, and scientific activities related to the care and treatment of women who have uterine fibroids or related conditions of the reproductive system. NUFF provides information to the public, advocates for the rights of all women, facilitates research studies, promotes alternatives to hysterectomy, and provides support to internet-developed women's health groups. NUFF also facilitates local "meetups" so interested women can connect with other women who have fibroids.

Description of Services Provided:The National Women's Health Network acts as an independent voice for women's health. The organization researches and analyzes women's health issues from a feminist, critical perspective. Members create and disseminate evidence-based information on women's health issues to consumers, advocates, healthcare professionals, media, and policy-makers. The Network monitors and educates congress and federal agencies to ensure that laws and policies, as well as research and regulatory decision-making, reflect the interests of all women. Also within its scope, the organization monitors information provided by companies that sell or promote pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and dietary supplements. Members link activists and community groups nationwide and address the interconnections among social, racial, economic, and gender equity.

Last reviewed September 2012 by Brian Randall

Last updated Updated: 09/11/2012

Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

A risk factor is something that increases your likelihood of getting a disease or condition.

It is possible to develop uterine fibroids with or without the risk factors listed below. However, the more risk factors you have, the greater your likelihood of developing fibroids. If you have a number of risk factors, ask your doctor what you can do to reduce your risk.

Age

Fibroids may be more common in women in their 30s and 40s.

Ethnic Background

Black women tend to have more and larger fibroids at an earlier age. Asian women may have a lower risk.

Obesity

Women who are overweight or obese are also at a slightly higher risk for fibroids.

Gene Mutation

There may also be a genetic link in the development of fibroids.

Pregnancy

Women who have given birth appear to be at lower risk for uterine fibroids.

If heavy bleeding continues for a period of time, iron-deficiency anemia may develop. Symptoms of anemia include:

Weakness

Fatigue

Shortness of breath

Pale skin

Lightheadedness

You have a unique medical and family history. Therefore, it is essential to talk with your doctor about your personal risk factors and experience with uterine fibroids . By talking openly and regularly with your doctor, you can take an active role in your care.

General Tips for Gathering Information

Here are some tips that will make it easier for you to talk to your doctor:

Bring someone else with you. It helps to have another person hear what is said and think of questions to ask.

Write out your questions ahead of time, so you don't forget them.

Write down the answers you get, and make sure you understand what you are hearing. Ask for clarification, if necessary.

Don't be afraid to ask your questions or ask where you can find more information about what you are discussing. You have a right to know.

Specific Questions to Ask Your Doctor

About Fibroids

Do I have fibroids?

What are fibroids?

Do they cause cancer?

What else could it be?

About Your Risk of Developing Symptoms

Am I at risk for developing fibroids?

What are the chances that my fibroids will cause symptoms?

Will they go away without treatment?

About Treatment Options

What treatment is appropriate for me?

Why do you recommend that particular treatment option?

What should I do to be ready for treatment?

How long will my treatment last?

What risks and side effects should I watch for?

Will it affect my normal activities?

Will I be able to have children after my treatment?

What is likely to happen without treatment?

What medicines are available to me?

What are the benefits/side effects of these medicines?

Will these medicines interact with other medicines, over-the-counter products, or dietary or herbal supplements that I am already taking?

Are there any alternative or complementary therapies that will help me?

About Lifestyle Changes

Can I pick the option that best preserves my chances of having children?

Can I pick the option that prevents me from getting pregnant?

Which options provide the greatest protection against cancer?

Should I follow a special diet?

Are there any dietary changes I should make?

Should I begin an exercise program?

What kind of exercise is best?

How often should I exercise?

How do I get started exercising?

Should I stop drinking alcohol?

If appropriate—how can I find help quitting smoking?

About Outlook

How will my fibroids and their treatment affect my fertility and sex life?

Can you recommend some support groups for myself and my family?

What are the chances my fibroids will come back after treatment?

How will I know that my treatment has been effective?

What can I tell my husband, children, parents, and other family members and friends about my condition?Should I tell them?

What is my expected prognosis?

How often will I need checkups?

The treatments for uterine fibroids are directed toward controlling your symptoms. The goals of treatment are to reduce blood loss and to eliminate symptoms.

Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY.
Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.