6) the light
7) darkness as the opposite of light
8) ..can be continued
9) all or some of the above

As most texts we have access to were written far after the 4th century, it could indeed mean that the neophytes were told to follow the devil in such a coded way (your typical alchemical instruction) the churches won't notice.

To be fair, most texts I know who speak about the following of this star stem from the Fulcanelli lineage.

There is also another guy in Fulcanelli's books, who carries something important:

St. Christopherus carrying Jesus, "the light of the world" (John 8,12).

Though unlike the Heavy Metal nerds who just intended to upset their parents, here is imo definately a connection that goes deeper and that can help understand Fulcanelli and the Christian mysteries a bit better. Both not irrelevant to alchemy as you know.

Each time he talks about the (north) star, or the three wise men from the orient (BTW, here is imo a connection or reason why some instructions order to align certain devices north, others east), you can flip over to the part of St. Christopherus. And as Jesus' first symbol was the fish, you can as well read the fishing parts and his comments about the Gallette des Rois. It's so obvious.

As the jewish lineage won't use christian motives there are other symbols used. Most important to those examples here imo is the hollow oak, that is also described by Fulcanelli (and originally comes from Abraham Eliazare the Jew).

Edit: Oh, and there is this other guy who lived as a "star" in the sky and was first placed very far out by Jupiter/Zeus (both origins of the name "Jesus" BTW -no kidding), and fell down to earth. On this occasion he hurt his legs and got limp from thereon. He can often be seen with his scythe and an hourglass.

Vulcanus is attributed to the cock (see B.V.), the lion, the spruce (see the trees in the pic of the "old one" in the Donum Dei) and iron.

Some say the "pherus" in Christo"pherus" is a hint to "ferrum", which means "iron" and is usually connected with mars.

To close the circle, you can look up the mythological story of the ménage à trois of vulcanus, mars and venus.

Fulcanelli further describes the star one should follow as being seven-pointed. I can imagine it's probably this one:

You must see that this is way more useful than your "scared by Eddie" motive you tried to impose on my first post.

When you go under the sun, if something is on the way of the light (whatever the obstacle), it creates a drop shadow on something, somewhere.
Satan is the obstacle and Lucifer is the drop shadow : this is the difference of the both.

Our world is a world of shadows, when you turn your back to the sun you have your own shadow in the front of you, when you turn yourself to the sun, no shadow in the front of you anymore, "it" stays behind !
We are here to turn ourselves to the light and leave our shadows behind us

Alchemy is a way to do it, gnosis too (not gnosticism which is the result of an alteration of gnosis).