The sun. (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, August 12, 1912, Image 6

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THE SUN, MONDAY, AUGUST 12, 1912. .MONDAY, AUGUST 12, 1012.MUMtat the t'ust Office at New York M SecondClass Mail Matter.abarrtpttons by Mali. Postpaid.DAILY, NT Month 0 SODAILY, Nr Year i noVNDAY, Per Year a BODAILY AND SUNDAY. Per Year BODAILY AND Mt'NDAY. Per Month. . . 75Postage to foreign countries added.All check, money orders, &e., to be made payable toTUEHtN.Published dally, Including Sunday, by the S inPi Inline find Publishing Association at 10 Nassaustreet. In the llornuiili of Manhattan, New York.President and Treasurer, William C. Ilclck, 170Nassaustreci: Vlce-I'reslilcnt, IMward P. Mitchell,lio Nassau street: Secretary, Chester S. l.ord, 170Nauau sired.T-ondon office, Kfllngham rfouse, I Arundelstreet, Strand,Paris offlc r, a Hue d la Mlchodlere. off Hue duQuatre .Ncptembre., Washington office. niubs Hulldlnt.Urooklyn office, 101 UInston street.nerular readers of Tm Kcm, dally and Sundayedltlon!i, may subscribe for the paper to be sentby mall to ihrm In any part of the country at therale of 7S cents a month: dally edition, M cents amonth; additional postage to foreign countries.Addresses changed at option of subscriber.Order may be sent through any newsdealer orto this office. .It our friend! vho lator ut with matitj.''ipl.t torjiubUenil'tnuu'ilnhartrHectei articles relumed (levmust In all easts send stamps tor that purpose.Infamy Linked to Madness.Of the Panama Canal bill in the formin which it passed the Senate, these factsaro undisputed and undenicd:It violates tho letter and the spirit ofa treaty negotiated between tho UnitedState and Great Britain, solemnly ratified by the Senate, in which tho honorand Rood faith of this nation are pledgedto the faithful observance of its terms.It discriminates between citizens ofthis country i providing that certain ofthem may use the canal and denying toothers the privilege of using it.It seeks to confer on an executivecommission the power to legislate.In this measutc the Congress destroysat one blow the credit of tho nationabroad, serves notice that a covenantand agreement to which the UnitedStates is a party is not worth the paperit is written ou, assails ono class of citizens at homo and deliberately inviteslitigation, neither the end nor the consequences of which can any man foresee.Could tho madhouse or tho imbecileasylum produce a measure more unfitthan this fruit of Representative andSenatorial endeavor?But, not satisfied with the work ofbetrayal and injury already done, theCongress, according to report in Washington, now plans further assaults ontho transportation systems that wisdomand courago have welded together toserve tho country. In conference morerestrictions, more inhibitions, are to beadded to tho bill, that it may morecompletely reveal tho mental and moralcharacteristics of ita authors, by whomtreaty obligations involving the fair fameof their country arc as lightly esteemedus aro tho basic truths of political economy and of modern, enlightened business management.The nation's dishonor and a recklessattack on tho welfare of tho peopleand on their hardly acquired property havo been written in tho PanamaCanal bill. A non-partisan pact of infamy will bo laid on tho President'sdesk when it is delivered at his office.And this nation is posing as an agentof moral superiority in tho councils ofthe civilized peoples of the world!TheDevelopment of. New YorkHarbor.The harbor of New York is naturallythe greatest seaport in the world. Thisharbor and tho opening of the ErieCanal to tho west gave New Yorkita position as tho Empire City of theEmpire State. Within threo years thoPanama Canal will bo opened, and thereconstructed Erie Canal, upon whichthe State is expending some $120,000,000,will carry 8,000 ton steam and electricbarges from Lako Erie to our citywharves.The tidal waters of tho port aro underthe control of the national War Department, under a board of competent engineers, inc. aocK system, as far asit baa been municipalized, is under thecontrol of tho city Department of Docksand Ferries, with a zealous and competent Commiflsloncr, Calvin Tonkins.The harbor waters divido tho port intofour grand divisions, New Jersey, LongIsland, Manhattan and The Bronx andKtaten Island. Within the year thoGovernors of New York and Now Jerseyhave appointed harbor commissions,which aro jointly studying tho furtherdevelopment of tho port.Tho diversity of interests and ownership of the waterfront in the harbor asa whole has made coordination andproper organization difficult. Unduedopendenco on tho national Government has tended to dull local initiative.There was no working toward tho completion of a general plan, but just thomeeting, in detail, of divergent businessrequirements. Tho Manliattan waterfront is covered by a Bcries of brokendown tenement and cheap lodginghouses, an utter waste of precious opportunity and land,t Commissioner ToMKrNB, in a recentlliddrrss beforn tho Now Jersey HarboriC'onunivIon, covered tho main pointsn theso words:I 'Trio fundamental Idea of port organization Is exceedingly simple and haa boonVoiknii out as the result nf experience atmany of tho great acaporta of tho worlii.i mav ln briefly expreased aa tho pollerkit adapting e.ieh pari of a port Ut tha beat$,vb to wliKb ' can ! pin. Port development Is not a new science, although It is InIts Infancy at New York, Our great foreignrival, such as tfnmburg, Antwerp anilManchester, as well as Montreal, New Orleans, San rrnnclsoo on this side, and therapidly Increasing- number of other ports,hnvo definitely nbamlonod the nineteenthcentury stago In which wo still remain andhave worked nut plans a mens glance atwhich dhows that wo must either ropy orbetter them or surrender New York's preeminence, "Tho basic princlplo on which they haveproceeded Is that n port must be developedas n unit, under public dictation of thaterms on which prlvnto carriers, shippersand consignees shall bo served. The portbeing conceived as nn organic whole, administered by the city for the benefit of all,there ran bo no thought of remaining In orreturning to tho chaos of Jarring privaterivalry and mutual obstruction from whichwo suffer; or of flnnl dependence on themakeshift policy of sepnratn eub-porlsconstructed by great private corporations,no mntler how perfect each may bo In Itselfor how welcome they may be as cooperatorsIn a city system,"The plans which the Dock Departmenthas submitted to tho central governingbody are based on the principles of portorganization which have been worked outat many ports, due regard being had tomodifications made necessary by local conditions." Tho plans formulated by Mr. Tomkins have now been nearly two yearsbeforo tho public, and havo received thounanimous indorsement of all tho commercial bodies of New York, includingtho Maritimo Exchange, tho Chamberof Commerce, tho Merchants Association, the Produco Exchange tho Manufacturers Association and tho Board ofTrado and Transportation.The recent State constitutionalamondment exempted self-sustaining dockbonds from the debt limit of tho city ofNew York, thus making available fordock improvements a dock fund ofnearly $73,000,000.The Dock Department brings a profitto tho city of over $5,000,000 a year. Theplans for improvement and tho reliefof the congestion of tho wntcrfront, thomaking of increased room for steamshipcompanies and watcrborne traflic atthis port aro before a sub-committeoof tho Board of Estimate and Apportionment. This committee has delayedtoo long. It should act. Tho subwayproblem is substantially settled. NewYork's seaborne commerco is vital. Itmust, not bo neglected a moment longer.Public sentiment must force action onthis important matter.The Abdication of Mulay Hand.A year ago the abdication of tho Sultan of Morocco would have added onemore serious complication to the situationwhich Anglo-French-German differencesover Morocco had provoked. To-dayit becomes a minor incident in the history of a French protectorate. Mi'lat jHafid ruled long enough to sign the Itreaty with Franco which surrenderedthe liberties of his people. Having donethishis real usefulness ended.Ever sinco tho entrance of Frenchtroops into Fez Mclay Uapid has beenrestive. Originally gaining power inMorocco by raising tho popular wrathagainst his brother as a friend of theChristians, ho was inevitably broughtinto a position where French troops supplied his solo protection from tho rebelsamong his own people. Regarded bythem now as the traitor who sold out hiscountry, h'9 abdication and withdrawalfrom Morocco in fact has the characterof a flight from popular wTath.French despatches indicate that asuccessor has already been provided inan infant son of the abdicating Sultan.Such a change will bo satisfactory to theFrench, who will find it less difficult togovern in the norao of an infant than toexercise actual power in tho name of aSultan who has rilled autocratically anddoubtless only conceals a hatred forhis Christian masters.So far as Morocco is concerned , MclatHafid is doubtless the lost independentruler. Since tho new French Governor, General Lyautky, took charge,French troops have been largely reenforred, the native reikis havo beenbeaten in many conflicts, a semblanceof order has been restored in tho plains,and plans aro now being formulated toadvance to Morocco City, tho southerncapital, and thus further to extend European occupation.Mulay Hafid may go to Mecca. Suchwas his earlier plan. Afterward ho willprobably find a homo in Franco, anda pension which will roconcilo himto his fate. Liko his brother, AbdcuAziz, whom ho supplanted, ho hasceased to bo interesting. Hisabdicationitself attracts attention only as it marksono more step in the extinction of oventho semblance of independence in thelast free State in North Africa.A Nice rolnt In Ethics.It is possible, although difficult, fora lnymnn to understand thut a prosecuting attorney might feel himself unjustified in using against nn accusedperson information of which ho hadbecomo possessed outaido his office,but tho divulging of that information after it had been carefully concealed throughout a trial is at least apuzzling incident. Tho State of Georgia, in tho caso of a woman namedOhace accused of shooting her husband,was represented by ono Dorset, bearingthe titlo Solicitor-General.Tho defence contended that tho shotwhich injured Giiack was fired at 11o'clock in tho morning, and on this itscaso depended. Dorhky, a neighbor oftho Giuckh, had heard a shot between 5o'clock and it o'clock. Dorhky behovesthat the shot ho heard was tho one whichinjured (I hack. The question of Doukky'H appearing as a witness against theuccused while acting as prosecutorurose.and "eminent iludgesand lawyersadvised him for ethical reasons not togoon the stand." DoitHl'.Y followed thisutivicn, and in consequence the Statecould not obtain a conviction. Doiiskyis now quoted us saying:"I knew my nldencn regarding the timeof thashol would destiny Urn icfenie,The intricacies of medical and legalethics are too abstruse for tho ordinarycitizen, but nobody needs edi l cation in thetechnicalities of tho law and Its practiceto understand tho quality of taste displayed in public avowal of tho existenceof unused evidence after tho fact. Wccan conceivo of an argument supportingtho stand that Dokhey took with the approval of "eminent Judges and lawyers,"but that those punctilious gentlemenwould indorse tho present revelationsof tho prosecutor wc do not believe.I have found hero In New Jersey thatmen who nil their lives have been withthe organization aro opposed to machines. They havo been lighting withthe organizations to net In tho Interestof the people. I think the people willact now to prevent the organisationfrom becoming machines. Governor Wilson of Sew Jcrtry.An "or(j.itil7.itlon" Is tho instrumentused by our friends and enllghtoned supporters to m.iko effect I vo tho theories ofgovernment to which wo subscribe, whllotlm opposition to thoo theorlos Is represented by thut degraded thing men calla "machine."THE TRAGEDV of gasolexe.Dtscoaragtag Outlook for the Ownersof llu. Wagons,To the KDitort or Thb Hc.v Sir: Whyhave I not seen any reference In the newspapers to the advances in the price of thatonce luxury, now necessity, gasolene? Notgeneral talk I've read lots of that butapecltlc. Like this:I have a tank sunk In my back yard Inwhich I store that sUfT of life, that sine quanon, thut elixir without which existencebecomes base and less worth while. I paidfor the ft rut flllintr of that tank, loo gallons,ten rents a gallon. H was in the month ofJune, 1811.llefore these gallons were exhausted andwhllo I was touring In my luxurious tourinrcar. which is propelled by tho aforesaidC Hsolene. I happened to put up for the nightat n blacksmith shop down the Jersey coast,which shop had been turned into a garage.Tho young loafer I mean furmcr who ranthis garage Informed me that a seducer Inthe) person of a gasolene tank wagon driverhud that very duy offered him. If he'd onlyiuit his regular supply, the precious fluidat eight and a half cenjs a gallon. Theyoung loafer 1 mean garage keepercoldly turned down the Interloper. Tenrents was cheap enough.That was Just a little over a year ago.Since that time I have bad my tank refilled; once last fall for twelve and a halfcents a gallon. My last filling, some threeweeks ago, cost me fifteen and a half centsa gallon. The price hail gone up 15 per cent.Uefore ( submitted to this outrage I calledup the concern that had offered my whilomfriend of the blacksmith shop that temptingbait mentioned up there, and was informedthat the price was fifteen and a half cents.On Monday of jthls week the young manwho monkeys with the carbureters Imean has charge at Swackhamer's palatial devil wagon hostelry at Herman Valley,the town this end of Schooley's Mountainrossover on the road to the Water Clap, toldme as he skilfully turned the needle valveon my machine that the price was going upagain next week.What are we comlnr to? Now that we'venil mortgaged our homes to buy these devilwagons, are we to put on a second mortgageto pay for the gasolene? This Is a seriousquestion,I thought when Attomey-Oeneral Wlckcrsham went after the (Standard Oil Company and put it out of business that therewould be some comeback. This is whut weget for monkeying with that buazeaw.Meat may go up; I'll do without and liveon vegetables. Clothes may go up, and I'llwear my old ones, but my little gasoleneand my little rubber tires I must havethem.I'll tell you what's the matter with theSlate of Denmark. The trust Is going, butthere's something coming. It Is the telephone. No dictagraph in the telephonebooth. No written agreements to confound the rrlmlnalB; no record, no witnesses. Just say ovor the telephony that 1the price should go up and say how muchand then we're all working on the samebasis, and if the consumer doesn't like it hecan lump it,And what can W Ickersham do? Make it ,woree? Oazzalbkn.HLooMm.tP, N. J.. August 10. jNapoleon's Profnnton of Faith. ,From La Rttut its Dtuz .VeniKi.tn the fhorthand notes of same of the pro-'rtedliisa at Napoleon's Council of State a mostInteresting passsse Is thst which rrlates to tne jprcpsrstlons for the coronation. The question 'was raked; Should the Pope be lnlted' The'Kmperor considered that he should and for anInteresting reason:There are religious dissensions among us. Alltrouble of that sort will subside when the Popecomes. Nobody will want to argue when everybody Is saying: 'I have seen the Pope.' "There followed a striking profession of imperialfaith:The Emperor ought always to be of the religion of the majority of his subjects. Changesnf religion are nowadays co longer taken seriously. There are many roads to heaven, andhonest men have always been able to find theiroun way there from the time of Socrates to thatof Quaker, There yoa have my credo."It Is uncertain whether It was the Emperorhlmselt or only the reporter who believed Quakerto be (the surname ot one of the reformer!.Tha Naalwa.from the London F.etntna Sttndtrt,The wreck reported to-day from Toklo at.ic Japanese cruiser Nanlwa on the Kurlles,a group o( Islands In the Northern Paclnc.'recalltthe fact that It was this vessel which was directlyresponsible for the outbreak of the Chile-Japan-tsewar In lf4.The Nanlwa overtook the Chinese traasportKow-Shlng, wlih over 1,(100 Chinese troops enboard, which, In view of the strained relatloaaeiMing between the two powers over Cereawere being sent from Taku to Corta.The How-suing was torpedoed and sunk bytae Nanlwa forty miles oft Chemulpo, with thelas of nearly every tout on hoard, with the reaultthat when hositllll's were declared on August 1,tlx days later, the Japanese Oenetal Oshlmaeasily defeated the Chinese forces In SouthernCerea and obtained control ot that part ef thecauntry.gwaen dlsaater avertook the Nanlwa yesterday she had to be beaehed to prevent her slaking. All the crew have been laadedaad assist,ance hai been seat.alcldal Habit of Butterflies.From the lniSon M.indard.Considerable Interest attaches to a migrationot butterflies to thla country from the Continentwhich recently look plare. The migration lanueallnn consisted chiefly of the pretty "CloudedYellow" and tha well known "Painted Ijidy,"The extraordinary part of the story Is this, thatuone of either apeclea will ever get through theKrlllbb winter All true llrltlsh butterflies sleepfrom October to March, either an eggs, caterpillars, pupa; or butterflies, but the Pnlnled ladyand Clouded Yellow perish, II has been sugtested that they migrate back again to Prance,but the necessity of waiting for u north windand the fact that such a wind In October 1$ Invariably loo cold casts some doubt upon thlatkeory. The Med Admiral Is another let hit tosuicidal migration.A l'enaatlvanla Ponnbah.from ls Philadelphia Reetri.John Htoneslfi-r of Worinloyaburg, t'uraherlnnd count)', la 11 man of mail)' omeea.He hna been elected by the liorough Coun-II to sens nn tit al I h ofllcer In plain of J,Vxn lliininml, realKiieil, The nuiiibxr oflittle Ita now holds total nine, hut beiimn.iReH to go tlshtiiK M-wral tlnins a wcikmid Keta tho pioper amount of hlcrp,Stoneslfer m-nea In the rnlluwlni; eiipni'ltlt-it: nomiia-h health nnici-r, ImrmiKh highi nnslutil, lioroUKh ililt'f of police, PtirtitiKhtax i olivet or, htlioul lux collector, delinquent State tax ceMe-tor, il'llmiutnt countytax collector, truant offlri-r and iiimodlanof publlo buildingsTHE SVUAR HILL.No llecree of a tiCRlslaliirn Can In alldate Chemical Art Ion.Wasiunotok, Aug. 10. The sugar bill nsit passed tho Sonata provides for tho elimination of tho 'Dutch standard and tho"roflner's differential, " carried in tho prosoi it law. These torms aro about as intelligible to most of us as are cuneiforminscriptions.Tho Dutch standard is nn old fashionedand more or less rellablo method of determining for market purposes tho degree ofpurity of sugar by means of Its color. Thetest Is now more accurately made by meansof a device known as the polarlscopo.The main argument for abolishing thoDutch standard is that Its eliminationwould make possible tho salo of sugarswithout passage through tho hands ofrefiners, who are said to enrich themselves inordinately at tho oxpenso of theconsuming public solely by grace of tariffprotection. It Is urged that the elimination of this color test would lie harmful ifnot futal to that monster of economic evilthe sugar trust. It may tie paid, by thoway, that notwithstanding tho gloriousopportunities and tho evil propensities ofthis monster Bttgar prices are on the average no higher than they were five, ten ortwenty years ago. The Dutch standardis not a vital or even important factorin sugar prices, but the Impression Is unavoidable that most of what Is said aboutit Is iridosoent tommy rot.The truth Is that whatever could bedone with the Dutch standard cut outof tho tariff can le done to-day or couldhave been done nt nny time for manyyears. That test does not apply to sugarmade from tKwts, liocausn all sugar fromthat source comoa to the market in nrefined form, as a white and pure sugar.It applies to cane sugar, whloh constitutes, roughly, five-sixths of our marketsupply. That supply may be given asapproximately 3,700,000 short tons nyear. While there is variation fromyear to year, the sources from which ourrequirements were met in 1811 will serveas an Illustration, thus (in short tons):Cuba, 1,800,000; Hawaii, 600.000; Louisiana,345,000; Porto Rico, 325,000; Philippines,115,000; Santo Domingo, Java, SouthAmerica, &o 60,000, and domestic beetHiigar, 600,000. The 1 ,300,000 tons receivedfrom Hawaii, Porto Rico, Louisiana andthe Philippines, all cane sugars, paid noduty and were subjected to no 'officialtest by Dutch standard or polarization.Thoir sugar content and their color weromatters entirely between buyer andseller.The point Involved is that any gradeor quality of sugar of any color thatcould bo brought to market from Cubaor Java or any other place If relieved oftho Dutch standard test can now bebrought from any or all of these nowdomestlo sources of supply. It shouldbe evident that there is some reason forour failure to get these alleged cheapand desirable but somewhat off colorsugars, or even to get white sugars ofinferior quality, other than tho existenceot this much denounced Dutch standard. They can be had at any time to theextent ot about one-third of our totalrequirements and they would certainlybe on our market if there were a marketfor them. Tho alleged sugar trust doesnot control the output of raw sugar; It canbe bought by the tthipload by any onewho wants It. The fact la that there arephysical, chemical and domestlo reasonsfor its non-use, and the elimination of theDutch standard will not overcome theseobjections.The refiner's differential that the billproposes to abolish is the protection nowgiven to sugar refiners. It amounts to7' J cents on 100 pounds of sugar. Theremay lie some who think this reductiona vigorous swat at the wicked trust, butit will have absolutely no effect on theprice of sugar. The consumer will hearor read' about it in the progress of thepolitical campaign, but he will never beable to trace ita influence in bis grocer'sbill.As for the amendment proposing thatall packages containing sugar of less thann' purity by polariscope test be brandedwith figures showing the degree of purityof their contents within half a degree, aconference with eXert chemists, officialor other, for enlightenment with regardto the chemistry of sugars would be helpful. It will bo found that the unrefinedcone sugars, for which some legislatorspropose to open a market through theabolishment of the Dutch standard, undergo a chemical change to an extent andwithin a time dependent largely uponimmediate atmospherio conditions. Indamp weather or if the sugar is stored ina place not entirely free from humiditythe change comes more quickly and goesfurther than in dry weather or if the sugaris kept where it is absolutely free frommoisture. It is in any case only a matterof a short time before sugar accuratelybranded as 05 or 88 or other degree at thetime of ita boxing or barrelling willundergo this natural chemical change, sothat a pure food Inspector visiting a wholesale or a retail grocer and testing his stockof sugar will probably find all of it severaldegrees below tho murk on the package.Who should be punished undor the purefood law, the original packer who brandedhis sugar honestly aa it was at the timeit was packed, or the retailer selling acommodity for whose inferiority he wasin no way whatever responsible? Moreovor, the polariscope test of every package, even barrels, would bo little short ofa physical impossibility. The test requires time and some skill.Legislation may change tariff rates butit cannot prevent chemical action in unrefined sugar.MR. TAFT'S OPPORTUNITY.The pantma Canal BUI a Measare Invlt.Ins Ills Veto.To the Editor or The 8dm Sir: President Taft .Is certainly moat fortunate In hisopportunities.A year ago, by vetoing the Statehoodmeiuiuro, he Inspired confidence In himselfat a time when It was needed. Now comesup for consideration the Panama Canalbill pasaod yeaterday by the Senate, byvetoing which President Taft will gain enduring fume,It is humiliating to us aa a nation to havespread broadcast such views as were expressed In the Senate. It will not be outof tho way for President Taft to state forcibly tho views of honor and good faith whlehshould govern us. K. T, W.Ni;w Voits, August 10.TTlaaaphaat Ulooaa.From IS Washington mar,I once met a person who could not be fooled,So he aald.Ills conduct he vowed was consistently ruledlly hla head. ,.Whatever occurred he would not lose his nerteWhen his fortune were low;It gave him great pleasure to simply observe:"Hid 1 nut tell ou mi?''When the home team got whipped or his candidate tUtllie would Millie.Psperlencn neer could alter a bitOf his tvl. . . ...He would rather seem wise In bla own Utile wayThan aucceaaea to clutch,And drinanded no mure than occasion lossy:"I eipecUHl aa much.".THE EVERLASTim WAR.Urnrral MeClellan'a Campaigns Are StillBeing Fought.To tiik niinoii of Thk SU.v Sir' Yourcorrespondent Mr. J. J. Baxter says thatMcClellan allowed hio great army beforoItlehmond to bo doubled up. Mr. Jones's"Diary of a Itebcl War Clerk" (1M2) saysthat otter the battle of Seven Pines, won byabout a third of McClellan s army, the Confederato War Department and other departments practically deserted Richmond,packed the nrchlvcs and took thorn south asfar ns Danville; that they planked the railways for teams and artillery, but then, whenthey found that the Federals did not marchin, remained. Meanwhile McClellan recalled Uookcr, who was marching in toItlehmond, and deliberately waited thirtydays until Stonewall Jackson could get upand tho Confederates had collocted no.oooHoldleni, raising their strength to l?0,oonmen, und then ho (McClellnnl began to retreat to tho James lilvcr,McCtetlan's movements were and stillremain mexiilicubie. Ho had nearly KiO.OOOtroops magnificently equipped with everymodern arm, more than 300 pieces of fieldand siege artillery, yet he dally demandedmore men, although he never fought morethan a third of the men he had and wasnever present at one of his own battles. H Isonlers are all extant, to wit: On June l".IH02, Hooker's and Kearny's divisions werefour miles from Itlehmond, marching withno enemy In front of them, when an ordercame from McClellan, "General Hooker willreturn from his brilliant reconnaissance."This was at the very moment that theConfederates, according to "the rebel warclerk," were standing at attention ready toretreat south tho moment the Federaltroops came In sight (and the families of theConfederate Cabinet had been sent southalready In fact). Hays John Minor Bolts:Finding that Little Mae would listen neither tepersuasion nor peremptory orders to march IntoItlehmond. the alarm of the rebels abated, andunder tho conscription act they collected over100.000 men and attacked McClellan's army ontho right stdo of the Chlckahomlny,Mr, Bolts ("Tho (ireat Itebelllon ." ISM,page 203) further confirms the "rebel warclerk and adds that the evacuation of Richmond was complete so far as the oloslng ofthe banks and the removal of their depoaitsto Columbia, 8. C, and tho collection ofcombustibles around all the tobacco warehouses went. Kvcn then had McClellanused his entire army ho could have endedtho war then and thore. The "Seven DaysBattles," so called, were, except Gaines'sMills practically Federal victories, as appears from the reports, orders and messagesto McClellan from the division commanders by whom these battles were foughtwithout orders or reenforcements fromMcClellan. After the Confederates wererepulsed at Savage's titatlon (JeneralSumner sent to McClellan for orders "topush tho enemy Into the Chlckahomlny."McClellan's reply was: "The rear guard willfollow tho retreat of the main army." Marks("Tho Peninsula Campaign In Virginia,"Philadelphia, IsSO says: "On receiptor thiscommand the greatest displeasure reignedamong officers und mon. They wished tosacrifice themeelvea In any way rather thanby a disgraceful retreat,"Again. Mulvem Hill was a magnificentFederal victory, the Federal army for oncebeing beyond McClellan's orders and getting a chance to nght. McClellan was sitting on the deck of the United States gunboat Galena with his chair tilted backagainst the pilot house on the opposite aideor the deck from Malvern Hill and hla whereabouts were unknown to his division commanders. ("He had deserted the army ofthe Potomac," say Nicolay and Hay in their"Life of Lincoln.) But when McClellanheard of hla army's victory he Immediatelyordered another retreat. Hays John MinorBolts ("The Great Rebellion." page 2031:Even the day after Malvern Hill McClellan couldhave marched Into Richmond without Impedlment, for the Southern army was In a atate Of extreme demoralization, Uut Instead we had theextraordinary spectacle of both armies In fullretreat In opposite directions, one from an overwhelming defeat and the other from one of themoat decisive victories on record.After fifty years no explanation of McClellan's motive In holding back hla own armyfrom annihilating an enemy barely a fifth or asixth as strong as himself has ever been suggested except that he was posing for thenomination for President, which he afterward received, and did not want to lose thevotes of tho peace party, North or South.B. F. Carfbnter.New Yore. August 10.THE SOCIALIST'S DILEMMA.Can He Conscientiously Take the Oath orAllegiance to the Constitution?To thu Editor or The Scn Sir: Canyou tell me the disposition of the recentnaturalisation caso In Washington or Oregon, where a socialist was refused papersand, I believe, the Judge was or may be Impeached? Similar action has been takenbefore by other Judges. In ex parte Sauer,st Federal Reporter, 3.13, It appears that In1891 a Texas Judge refused to naturalizea socialist on the ground that his doctrinewas not compatible with the Federal Constitution, which certainly recognizee theright of property In the Fifth Amendmentand in tho Fourteenth Amendment asagainst State action.Many of the State Constitutions are muchstronger. The Virginia Bill of Right, June,1776, declared that "all men havecertain rights namely, the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the meansof acquiring and possessing property andpursuing and obtaining happiness andsafety."This declaration was repeated In theMassachusetts Declaration of Rights of 17S0and is even more clearly stated in recentConstitutions supposedly radical; for instance, in Washington, that "the object ofgovernment is to protect and maintainindividual rights, "and In Washington, Utah,and even the last Constitution of all, thatof Arizona, that "a frequent recurrence tofundamental principles is essential to thesecurity of Individual rights,"The Constitution of Kentucky states thatthe object of government is for the protection ot property; while so great a number asAlabama, Georgia, Illinois, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, South Dakotaund Wisconsin state that the object of government Is to protect the citizen in the enjoyment of life, liberty and property; andArkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware,Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maine, Montana, Nevada, NewMexico, North Dakota. New Hampshire,New Jersey. Ohio, Pennsylvania. SouthCarolina, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia,Vermont and west Virginia declare that allmen have a natural right to aoqulre, possessand protect property. Arknnsts and Ohioreiterate thtt private property Is "Inviolate"; Arkansaa and Kentucky that It Isbefore any constitutional sanction. All ofthese are additional to the ordinary dueprocess of law clause,Any one of these declarations mightmake It difficult for the conscientious socialist to make oath to support either theFederal or such a State Constitution; although whether a Judge should refuse himnaturalization papers because of a theoretical belief to that effect may be anothermatter. F. J, Stimson.Boston, August to.The Judge has resigned from office, Thesocialist's application for cltlztnahlp hasbeen renewedCanning Russian ThlatUa.Syracuse corrpoadar Toptkm feailaf.Many of the peopla In Hamilton countyhue learned to us tha Ituaalan thistle entheir tabltn, and because of tha fact thatthla once despised weed la the first toinaka lis appearance In the spring and thalast tn dlaappear In tho fall, II has bacomaone of the moat valuable productions ofthe southwestern Kansas farm. Last springmany people used It for greens and praftrIt to any other kind of graena that arefound lure. This summer a numlwr vfpeople are canning tha tblatle far wlaltreating, putting II up Ilka beaaa.THE LASGVAGES OF CANADA.Compliments for the English and Frenchof the Dominion.To the EniTon or The hc.n Sir: "NowEnglander" differs In opinion from MissAdams regarding the comparative excellence of New England and Nova KcotlahEnglish speech. May not I, who havo alsolived for a spell In Canada, add my owntestimony to theirs?At the university we had many studentsfrom the maritime provinces, who manifested, It appeared to mo, a superior tasteand better turn for English than tho representatives from the New England States,who were greatly superior in numbersWe were using Mason's grammar, a Londonpublication, for a text book, and tho Nova8co tiers. I thought, showed a strongerllkliig for Its philosophic handling of thogrammar than was shown by tho boys fromthese United States.To pass to a kindred subject, the FrenchCanadian students claimed that their owncountrymen spoke better French thannative Frenchmen themselves. This, however, Is true only dans tin sens, EveryFrench Canadian can speak French, thoughtho uneducated speak It badly or course,where there aro thousands, nay, tens ofthousands, of native Frenchmen who raunot speak a syllable or the language prevalent In the land or their birth. In Canada,au contralre, there Is no patois.Many purely English words and phraseshave found their aggressive way Into theFrench Canadian vulgar vocabulary, tosuch a degree even that Illiterate nativesare often unaware that they are employing foreign terms. For Instance, a housewife of lower Canada will ask tho storekeeper for"du coal ell." It once happenedthat an English speaking groceryman tookthe store of a retiring eplcler end the tinsophisticated woman of the house thoughtIt necessary to ask a neighbor with someknowledge of the English tongue for atranslation or coal oil, to her a French expression. Among untravelled educated FrenchCanadians are to be found many who mispronounce French words and use termsthat once were but now are not French.The case Is analogous to that which obtains In Ireland, where some phrases andpronunciations prevail which still werepure and perfect English in the days ofShakespeare.A living language changes by tho processof growth: so the Canadian, like the Irishman, speaks his own language Incorrectlyonly because we aro presently living tn thetwentieth century and not in the seventeenth. J. A. M.Chester, Pa., August 10.KATSVRA'S MISSION.The Prbiee'i Words to fits Ceuntrjmenn Starting for Hussla.To the Editor op Tuk Scn .Sir: Onoof your readers, who appreciates the excellent despatch of your St. Petersburgcorrespondent on the Russo-Japanese entente In The Scn of Friday, wishes to confirm In a way the general purport of thodespatch. The following is the report ofan Interview "from tho lips ot Prlnco Katsura himself," before he left Toklo and whichwas given to the Japan Financial and KconomicJorvlMv, the July number of which isJust at hand. Prlnre Katsuru there says:It has long been my desire to make a tripround the world, but the plan had to be pastpened on account of my official duties whilea member of the Government and 011account of III health while out ofoffice. Now, however, that I am nolonger In direct charge of State affairs andenjoy robust health. I deem this the best opportunity to satisfy my desire. It la withthla Idea only that I am now starting on atrip abroad, although the public seem to attribute my tour to other motivea. Of course,like everybody else going on a tour abroad,I hope to shake hands and exchange opinions with tha statesmen, politicians, businessmen, scholars and Journalists of Europe, amongwhom I am pleased to think I have not a fewfriends made only by means of epistolarycommunications during the past ten yeura ofmy premiership. In these elrcumatancea 1know not what unexpected and even atariling things the press may publish upon my'arrival tn Europe aa to my "policy," Ac.Dut ot one thing I am certain, and that lathat whatever the press reports, the Japanese Government will suffer not an lotafrom It, and will, I believe and truat. giveequal prominence at the same time to thefact that I am touring tn tha world as aprivate person.While I Intend to utilise the opportunity Inthe best possible way for the replenishment etmy stock of knowledre aa to general conditions abroad. I wish in particular to seiseevery opportunity of hearing the opinions ofthe world's noted statesmen and politicianson the present and future ot China, which lacertainly one of the world's greatest questions,and In which I take, aa everybody else, aparticular interest.As hardly needs statlag, I am resolved todo my very beet during the trip for the consolidation of tha Anglo-Japanese Alliance andthe Russo-Japanese and Franco-Japanese agreement, which are the national guiding principles of the empire whatever Cabinet be Inpower. In Germany also I shall spare noeffort for the promotion of the entente cor-dlale existing between tha two peoples. Iwould like to pay a visit to the United Statesalso while on the trip, but to my rerret Ithink I shall be unable to do to. as the American people seem to be very busy over thePresidential election.The Japanese statesman. It wilt be noticed, assures his country that it will "notsuffer" from hia trip, that he will discuss theChinese qucatlon generally, and In the finalparagraph reveals a seml-dlplomatio purpose. Your St. Petersburg despatch aptlygives the result to date of that purpose,Boston, August 10. dents p. Mters.THE SELF-HELPER.DUUcnltlet Put tn Ills Way by TradePractices.To the EniTOR or The Bux-SO; Lackof self-helpfulness is partly responsible forthe higher cost of living, but even If one hasthe knack or doing many little praotlculthings he is at times handicapped In effortsfor economy by being obliged to pay extratribute for material he should be able toobtain at first hand.Living in a suburban house Instead of nnapartment where the Janitor attends to allrepairs outelde or clocks, one can savomany dollars which would otherwise passto the trades and Incidentally acquire muchuseful knowledge.Recently in making an extension to nurplumbing system, the work being done bymyself, it became necessary to install twosmall special valves. The concern makingmete vaives in new tors refused to sellthem except to a plumber. In order toobtain these valves, which I could havecarried home In my pocket, I was obligedto wait over two weeks and In the end navxpressage and the plumber's commission.Is such discrimination lawful? H.Yonierb, August 10.lag of Tavolara,from the London Chronicle .The legend that Tavolara la an Independent State owta Ita origin to a royal prank.While making a progress through his dominions in lilt King Charles Albert reachedTerranova, a small port on tha anrtheaatcoast of 8ardlnla. Hera Paul Bertoleonlwaa presented to tha King as the rDre.stntatlve of Tavolara, an Island sevenraues away, us inrormeu his Majesty thatall the Inhabltanta of the Island were Her-toieonis ana mat ne waa tha head of thafamily, Tha naherman bowed his knee aaa subject and roae a king, for Churleswaa so amused that ha laughingly gavemm sovereignty. I'aui I, took the mutt itseriously, and It became the rustom forforeign warampa to salute tha stand ikeep up the Joke,Karellad.TOTaSKDITOB - Tail HI-K-.s-lr- tn.a,.Mn.lemplated embellishment of the Hall of Famemight aet lha rrafumanahln nf n ii.,h.nwhose aalagla at SI cnurrh street pruelalma himrarpvBicr ami caoiaei maarr, lie o service?auovT, ua., suptst to. p, j k.LAWYERS TO URGE THATE CLEARERCommittees of Bar AssodntionItceornincnd Uniformityin States.CHILI) LABOR REfiTLATIONIndustrial Accident Compensation Should Bo Compulsory nnd Certain.Committee reports to ho presented attho mooting of tho American Ur Association ut Milwaukee, August 27lo'.t,include many interesting recommendaHons for now legislation. The committeo on uniform Statu laws recommnds nuniform mnrriugo nnd marriage licensenet, 11 uniform child labor aot, and strictconformity In Ktato legislation with theFederal fond and drugs act of lOOfl.Tho uniform marriage law requires atleast two competent witnesses; that thsparties must dnolaro that they take eachother as husband nnd wife; that no marriuge may take place without a license,and that tho license must be applied forat least flvo days before it may Issue, ex.cept In extraordinary eases, and that amarriage contracted In violation of someof the vital features of this law shall bevoid.Tho proposed marriage law would makeno-called common law marriages impossible. This tuts already been done in twelveor thirteen .States.Tho uniform child labor law embodiesthe meritorious features of the laws nfmany Status. It limits the time of occupation in most cases to six days in thaweek and eight hours a day, between7 o'clock In the morning and 8 o'clock intho evening. In other cases ten hoursuro permitted In n. day, six days in theweek, und until 10 o'clock in tho evening,and the aggregate hours in any week areliraitod to forty-eight and fifty-fourreHpoctively.The consensus of opinion is that uniform laws for compensation for industrialaccidents should be enacted by all thsStates and by the United States withinits jurisdiction. Such a law should, in thsopinion of the committee, be based onthe following principles:1. It hhould be compulsory and exclusiveof other remedies for injuries sustainedin course of industrial employment.2. It should apply to ull Industrial operations or ut least to all industrial organisations above a certain limit of size..1. It should apply to all accidents occurring in the course of Industrial operationsrcguidleiui of the fault of any one, selfIndicted injuries not being counted aauccidenUi.4. The compensation should be adjudicated by a prompt, simple and Inexpensiveprocedure.5. Tho compensation should be paid inregular instalmenta continuing during thedisability, or in case of death during dependent period of beneficiaries.s. The compensation should be profierlyproportioned to the wages received beforeinjury.7. The compensation should be paid withns near absolute certainty as pos-dlile.In the most convenient manner, and thereshould be adequate bccurlty fur deferredpayments.Tho committee on commercial law expretwes its conviction thut the nationalbankruptcy act is a wiso measure and thutevery effort should be made to prevent itsrepeal. It advises against any mesMirelooking to the amendment of the bankruptcy act ut this time.The committee on latent, trade markand copyright law discussos and rejectsthe suggestion of President Taft that theCommerce Court should be utilized as nfinal court of appeal upon patents andkindred subjects. The committee disapproves the suggestion und points outthat the requisites of the judiciary of sucha court are thut they should be learned inpatent law and thut they should also bejudges well equipped in general law.The law's deluy committee commendsthe recent Xew Jersey practice aot, whichcontains only thirty-four sections, designed to facilitate the practice in thecourts. Ill is practice net abolishes inNew Jersey many of the unjust technicalities which huve hitherto characterized the administration of justice in mostof the States of the Union.The special committee on governmentliens on real estate calls attention to thevery harsh law (Sec 3186 of the RevisedStatutes of the United States) which givesthe United States Government a lien uponreal property for the owner's neglect topay any tax owing by him to the UnitedStates. The commit too states that thetask of finding out whether the Government has h lien on any piece of propertyis impossible, and recommends the passage of tho bill introduced in tho House ofRepresentatives to cure this menace toreal property ownership.SUES TO OVST EXECUTOR.Benegclarr Sara Gnmnrrrht LeftState Without raying- Legacies. 1A charge that tho executor of an estatehas left the jurisdiction of the State without paying a bequest of $500 to CardinalFarley and other legacies is made in apetition filed in the Surrogate's court forthe removal of the executor. The estateis that of Anne E. O'Roilly, who diedMarch 5, 1908. Gustave Qumprecht wasnamed as executor in her will.The application to remove Gumpreclit,which will be heard by the Surrogate tomorrow, 'is made by Thomas J, McGuireof Convent Station, N. J a nephew of thedecedent, who is also acting as generalguardian of John, James and CharlesMcGuire, also beneficiaries.McGuire aaid that when Anno O'lteillVdied suddenly and the police searchedher house they found secreted in variousplaces the sum of $4,530, which v. a atonce turned over to the executor Theoxecutor found a deposit of 12,031 in thenanx tor navingH, wtucn was ciniwn omond put In his namo in the Windsor TrustCompany, where tho account now amountsto less thun $5, The petitioner Kiid tlmtthe executor also withdrew 11,8b'.' from theSeaman's Havings Bank.McGuire said that the executor clatrusto havo paid him $2,RO0 of tho 3,(n duehtm, but ho inwibts that ho has receivedonly SI, 300. Ho declares that among thelegacies tinnnid in addition to that forCardinal Farley are MOO to Calvary IVnte-...... .nivt .1... t tt r .1... lni-r.ikii y, i.w iu Ultj uuuti nimein u, uiy ,omi ijou to the new .incnaei iwho has died during tho time the legai'Tlias remained unpaid.The petitioner said that the willeontested by Mary K. Bogeu, a niece, amishe settled the suit for " The executor was ordered 10 pay this amount outof a deposit with the Carnegie Trust Company, but investigation shows thlt theexecutor had only DO there,McGuire wild that the exeoutnr w"ordered 10 (lie an accounting last renrunry, but Instead of doing so has disappeared, no said no went to Mumpm-m 'house at 504 Outes avenue. Brooklyn, sua. wax told by Mrs. Oumnrecht that sli" hsnno idea where her husband ran be foundTho executor's attorneys do not know!!.! . 1 .., . : IMoOuIre wild that tho total amountthe estate in-counted for is 1:1 1"1 1'" 4