animals

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Alyona Pastukh
Eugene Dedkova
Anastasia Pershina
Irina Sobchenko
Aigyun Azadova
Natalia Vlasova
Veronika Trofimova
Ivan Kornienko
Content
1. England (a
Wolf, a Boar) 2.Scotland (a Deer)
3. Wales (a Pine marten, a Pole cat)
4. Northern Ireland (a Badger, an Ermine)
5. The USA (a Grizzly bear, a Rattlesnake, a Bald Eagle)
6.
Canada (a Beaver, a Lynx)
7. Australia (a Kangaroo, a Koala)
8. New Zealand (a
Rabbit, a Tuatara) England
Wolf
The G
rey W
olf
(Canis lupus), often known simply
as the wolf.
Nowadays gre
y wol
ves are
not regarded as endangered species
by the International Un
i
on for Conservation of Nature. But
wolves are protected in some ar
eas. They hunted for sport in others
or considered a
threat
to livestock and pets.
Gray wolves are slender, powerfully built animals. Their necks are muscled and limbs are long. The front pa
ws have five toes each, while the back paws have four. Wolves are very strong for their size.
They can run at speeds of 56
–
64
km (34
–
38 miles) per hour, and can continue running for more than 20 minutes.
G
r
e
y wolves are predators
. Only humans and tigers ca
n be a great threat to them.
They live in families and
grow their cubs.
Many scientists think that wolves are relative to domestic dogs.
In many cultures wolves are often
described in the folklore
.
Boar
Boars are
wild member of the pig
family. They are
ancestor
s
of domestic pigs. They live in
forests
.
The body of the wild boar is compact; the he
ad is large, the legs are
short. The fur
usually varies from dark grey to black or bro
wn
. They are
up to 90 cm tall at the shoulder
and their average weight is 50
–
90
kg.
They eat almost every
thing they come across, including grass
, nuts
, berries
, roots
, tubers
, insects
and small reptiles
. Wild boar
s
are also known to be predators
of young deer and lambs
.
B
oars
usually
live i
n groups. They are good swimmers. They have sharp tusks
which
serve as weapons and tools
.
N
ormally they are not aggressive
but sometimes can be dangerous. Because of its st
rength, speed, and ferocity, the boar has long been a prized game animal.
The boar was the best animal to hunt, admired both for its physical strength and for its heroic defense
.
Anastasia Pershina
Scotland
Deer.
My heart's in the
Highlands, my heart is not here,
My heart's in the Highlands a
-
chasing the deer -
A
-
chasing the wild deer, and following the roe;
My heart's in the Highlands, wherever I go.
Robert Burns
Deer can live in different places from
tundra
to the tropical rainforest
but they
are o
ften associated with forests
.
Deer weights generally range from 30 to 250 kilogram
s
.
They generally have compact bodies and long, powerful legs suited for rugged woodland terrain. Deer are also excellent jumpers and swimmers.
They eat
young leaves, fresh grasses
, soft twigs
, fruit
.
Deer
are born with their fur covered with white spots, though in many species they lose these spots by the end of their fir
st winter. In the first twenty minutes of a fawn's life, the fawn begins to take its first steps. Its mother licks it clean, so predators
will not find it. Its mother leaves often, and the
fawn does not like to be left behind. Sometimes its mother must gently push it down with her foot. The fawn stays hidden in the grass for one week until it is strong enough to walk with its mother. The fawn and its mother stay together for about one year.
Ivan Kornienko
Wales
Pine
Marten
Pine marten is an animal which can’t be seen very often because practically all their habi
tats were destroyed by humans. In some areas in Wales, this is the first time they have been seen for 50 years.
Pine martens have a long fluffy tail, small ears and a long face. Their brown fur is a milk chocolate colour in winter and a dark chocolate col
our in summer.
They are larger than stoats and weasels, and have longer tails and legs than polecats.
Pole Cat
The Polecat can be met on the territory of
the whole Europe, Wales and Scotland. It lives in the fields and forests, on the hillsides and near the rivers and ponds. In winter it comes towards human houses to forage for food. They hunt on small mammals, frogs and fish but also eat rabbits, hares a
nd pheasants. The name 'polecat' may derive from the early French expression poule
-
chat -
'chicken
-
cat' , a reference to their liking for poultry. When frightened or injured, they can produce a powerful stink.
Polecats are usually 38cm
long and their tail
is 14 cm
. The
ir kittens are born in June with the whit
e
fur, but it becomes
darker i
n three wee
ks. T
hey open their eyes at about 5 weeks old and leave the nest at
about two months old.
Family groups can be seen into late summer but normally polecats are solitary. Polecats can live for up to five years in the wil
d nature.
Aigyun Azadova
Nothern Ireland
Ba
dgers
Badgers appeared about two million years ago. The animals are not very big with a small narrow head and short well
-
muscled legs with sharp long claws. Their fir is black and silver
-
white.
The length of the body is 60
-
100 cm and their weight is u
p to 20kg.
They live in
open plains, semi
-
desert
s
and farmland
s
. They dig the ground
in the search of food. They are thought to be predators but eat practically everything: insects, worms, mice, frogs, fruit, roots and leaves.
B
adgers are very good digger
s. They can also swim but don’t like to do it.
In
the
case of danger, they can dig a hole and disappear from the sight for several minutes. They sleep in winter.
Ermine
Ermine
(stoat)
is a small predatory animal. It is also known as a Shorttail
(or Short
-
tailed
) Weasel
.
Sometimes "ermine" refers to t
he animal only when it has white fur in the winter, and in this case "stoat" only refers to it when it has brown fur.
In w
inter ermine is white
with
black tail tip. Ermine can be found almost everywhere throughout the northern temperate
.
Ermine is a pred
ator. It
lives in
groves, woods, fields, and near
the
rivers. It
catches mice and hamsters
being of use to people but
it often destroys nests. I
t is extremely quick over the ground considering its smaller size, and is also a strong swimme
r. It can climb u
p trees
well
. In winter, it hides under the snow
.
Ermine
’s
fur is very valuable.
In Europe it is considered the symbol of royalty and nobility.
Natalia Vlasova
The USA
Grizzly Bear
The grizzly bear
(Ursus arctos horribilis)
, also known as the silvertip bear
or just the grizzly
or North American brown bear
.
It is a subspecies
of brown bear
that generally lives in the uplands of western North America. It
is thought to descend from Ussur
i brown bears
which crossed to Alaska
from eastern Russia 100,000 years ago, though they did not move south until 13,000 years ago. Grizzlies are normally solitary
, active animals.
but in coastal areas, the grizzly congregates alongside streams, lakes, rivers, and ponds during the salmon spawn
. Every other year, females produce one to four young cubs
which are small and weigh only about 500
grams (one pound). A mother bear always
protect
s her cubs
and will attack if it
thinks her cubs are threatened.
Rattlesnake.
Rattlesnakes
are a group of venomous
snakes
.
There are nearly
thirty species of rattlesnake
s.
They receive
d
their name for the rattle
located at the end of their tails. The rattle is used as a warning when threatened. Th
e scientific name of these snakes (
Crotalus
)
derives from the Greek
, κρόταλον
, meaning "
castanet
". Most rattlesnakes mate in the spring. All species give live birth
, rather than laying egg
s. The young are self
-
sufficient from birth. Since they do not need their mother after birth, the mother does not remain with her young. Contrary to popular myth, rattlesnakes are not deaf
. In fa
ct, the structure of their inner ears
is very much like that of other reptiles. They do, however, lack external ears. Sound (whether from air or ground vibration) is transmitted to the s
nake's inner ear via vibrations in other body structures. Bald Eagle.
The Bald Eagle
(
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
) is a bird of prey
found in North America
. It is the national bird
and symbol
of the United States of America
.
American leaders wanted this bird to be
a symbol of the country because it i
s the bird of strength and courage.
It is found near large bodies of open water with an abundant food supply and old
-
growth trees for nesting.
In the late 20th century the Bald Eagle was on the brink of extirpation
in the continental United States, while flourishing in much of Alaska and Canada. Populations recovered and stabilized, so the species was removed from the U.S. federal government's
list of endangered species
and transferred to the list of threatened species
on July 12, 1995, and it was removed from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife in the Lower 48
States on June 28, 2007.
Bald eagles are not actually bald
, the name deriving from the older meaning of the word, "white headed".
Alyona Pastukh
Canada.
C
anadian Beaver.
The main symbol of Canada is the maple l
eaf. However there is one more symbol of this state
. It is a beaver.
The beaver as
a national animal of Canada is represented on a coin of
five cents.
The beaver is brown, its weight reache
s
thirty kilograms
, and it is
about hundred centimeters
long
.
Bea
vers are perfect
swim
mers
, dive
rs and are capable to stay
under water about fifteen minutes.
B
eaver families usually have eight individuals
. They live
in a small house constructed of brush
wood, covered with silt and ground
.
The beaver eats a bark and wood of soft deciduous trees
-
willows, maple
s, poplar
s, birch
es, alder
s, aspen
s
and does forage stocks for the winter. In zoos it can eat
potato and carrots.
W
olves and bears hunt
young beavers
. Predators seldom attack adult beavers
.
The n
umber of beavers in Canada reaches fifteen millions individuals.
Canadian Lynx.
The Length of the
body of the Canadian lynx is about hundred centimeters, and weight is about 10 kgs. The w
ool color
e is
red, with white stains.
The lynx
lives in woods, it eats ha
res, fibers, mice, birds.
The lynx usually lives alone
, at
the beginning of summer it gives
b
irth
to five kittens. Naturally lynxes
can live till fifteen years.
The Canadian lynx is under the threat of disappearance and is brought in
to the International Re
d B
ook.
Veronika Trofimova
Australia
Kangaroo
The appearance of these animals is rather strange: the front legs are short, (which gives them a slight resemblance to humans), and back ones are longer and more suited for jumping. Th
e tail is long and strong
(about one meter)
.
It helps to jump long
and develop high speed.
They can be found practically everywhere in Australia. Red Kangaroo is the most known. They live in groups of different size in the Prairies.
Kangaroo has long and q
uite big ears which hear the slightest noise.
B
aby Kangaroo is born bind
two centimeters long and weighing one gram. It spends about eight months in its mother’s bag.
Koala
Koala http://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?from=ru&to=en&a=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvoyrebeno
k.ru%2Fimages%2Fanimals%2F65.1.jpg
is one of the most
-
known Australian animals that resembles a teddy
-
bear. It weighs about 15 kilograms. Koalas are grey. Front paws with sharp claws help them to live in the trees, where they spend most of the time, jumping from branch to branch and rarely going down to Earth.
These animals can be foun
d in Eastern Australia, which is rich in Eucalypt forests. Every day Koala eats one pound of eucalyptus leaves. The parasites avoid koalas because their fur smells like eucalyptus.
Eugenia Dedkova
New Zealand Rabbits
The common European rabbit was
adapted to New Zealand
.
They have excellent fur. Their bodies are we
ll
-
rounded; they have slender and muscular faces with round cheeks; large, long back feet; and
small, short front feet. They have long ears that stand straight up.
A single female rabbit can have 45 kittens in a year, producing four or five kittens every six weeks. Rabbit populations commonly increase eight
-
to tenfold in one season.
The New Zealan
d is a wonderful rabbit. They are quite social and outgoing, and enjoy being part of the famil
y. They like everybody and are good pets.
One of their greatest features is that they usually love to be handled. They can even be carried across your shoulder! T
hey are bred for their excellent fur and meat. Along with commercial purposes, New Zealand rabbits are also used for laboratory
purposes. They react similarly to humans to diseases and medications. New Zealand rabbits have been used to develop tests and drugs for diseases like diabetes
, diphtheria
, tuberculosis
, cancer, and heart disease
.
The effects of cosmetics
and food additives have also been test
ed on New Zealand rabbits.
Tuatara.
The tuatara
is a reptile
from New Zealand
. It is
an endangered species
. I
t look
s
like
most lizards
.
Tu
atara are greenish brown
. Their colour
matches the e
nvironment, and can change over its lifetime
. They
ar
e up to 80
cm long
from head to tail
. They
weigh up to 1.3
kilograms
. They are
unique among living species. They have two rows of teeth on the upper jaw and
one row on the lower jaw
. They hear sounds but no ear is present
and have some fish
features in their skeleton
.
The name "tuatara" derives from the Māori language
, and means "peaks on the back". Tuatara defend their territories, and will threaten and eventually bite intruders. The bite can cause serious injury.
The tuatara was featured on one side of the New Zealand 5 cent coin
.
Irina Sobchenko
Литературное содержание.
1.
http://ru.wikipedia.org
2.
www. bober.ru
3.
Дёмкин С. «Хвостатые гидростроители». –
М: газета «Птичий рынок». -
№2, 1995
4.
Акимушкин И. «Мир животных». –
М.: «Мысль». –
1990
5.
http://animal
-
photos.ru
6.
«Международная Красная Книга». –
М.: «Биодат»: Том1 «Животные».
-
2000
7.
Полянский Ю.И. «Жизнь животных». –
М.: «Просвещение», Том7. -
1987