- give positive and negative pointsJoin the positive and negative comments using linking words: however, nevertheless, on the other hand, in contrast…)

§ 5- final paragraph-summarise the information from the main body

-state your general assessment and /or recommendation

Survey reports

It consists of:

- introduction

-main body

- final paragraphFormal style

§ 1. -state the purpose and content of the report

§ 2,3,4-all information is presented in detail

- facts can be presented in the form of percentages (ten per cent / three in ten) or proportions (the majority/minority)you can use sub-headings, numbers or letters to separate each piece of information.

§ 5- final paragraph-summarise the information from the main body

- your recommendations or suggestions

HELP! Useful Vocabulary

1. News reports.

Вводные фразы

Фразы основной части

Заключительные фразы

Фразы, знакомящие с происходящими событиями:

A hurricane hit…………yesterday morning, causing thousands of pounds worth of damage to buildings….)

Underground workers remained on strike yesterday as ……..

Two people were seriously injured in….

Two people were killed and another person was seriously injured in a car crash ….

There was a large house fire early this morning…. One man is said to be in a critical condition.

Nine people died in a rail crash near London this afternoon. Two trains which were traveling in the same direction collided……….

Фразы, описывающие основные события в деталях:

….started/ began / approached / reached…..

…. who was badly injured in a car crash….

The accident happened when N. lost control of his car….

The accident, however,………

Kidnappers asked for ransom…..

Police traced …..

Фразы, перечисляющие точки зрения и аспекты обсуждаемой проблемы:

Firstly,…………/ First of all,…………

To start with,…… / to begin with,………

Secondly,….… Thirdly,…….. Finally,……

There are also problems caused by………

Фразы, добавляющие новые аспекты обсуждаемой проблеме

Furthermore,……. / Moreover,…….. / What is more,…..….

As well as…… In addition to this / that…..

Besides ,…………/ ……….. also…….

Not only………, but………as well.

Apart from this / that,……..

……….not to mention the fact that……..……….

Фразы, выражающиепричины, уточняющиевысказывание

……..because……../ owing to the fact that…../ due to the fact that….

The reason why…. is that……..

What I like/dislike about….is……

This would mean……… By doing this……….

As a result of this……..

Фразы, подчеркивающие контраст, связывающие различающиеся идеи:

However, things have improved recently.

………but…../ ……at the same time…….

On the other hand,….….

Although……./ Even though……..

In spite of the fact that……./ Despite the fact that……

Фразы, приводящие пример, доказательство, аргументацию:

Despite these depressing figures, things have improved recently.

For example, the Russian Government has recently decided to……….

In this way they hope to….

They have introduced things such as………../ like………

This is bad, particularly / especially in the area………

Фразы, показывающие эффект, результат:

As a result of this, people now expect…….

What this means is people now expect……

“This is one of the worst natural disasters to hit the area for a long time….”, said…..

Transport authorities announced that…….

To sum up, the situation is……

All things considered, there seems to be……….

2. Assessment reports (Evaluating places / events/ arrangements)

Вводные фразы

Фразы основной части

Заключительные фразы

The purpose /aim of this report is to assess….

As requested I visited….., which is becoming increasingly popular with young people.

As requested, this report is to assess the suitability of the new………for tourists.

The report consists of the results of…

This report was carried out to assess…

This survey was carried out…

There are several good/bad things about…

On the other hand, I find these things disappointing…..

There are not enough…

Another thing is….

However, … nevertheless, …..

At the same time….

In contrast….

Although….

Despite the fact that…. In spite of the fact that…..

It may seem….

Apparently….

Positive points

The positive aspects of…….make it highly suitable for…….

The …would appeal to many people.

The facilities allow tourists to spend a whole day there.

Many of the staff speak a second language.

Good transport links to the city make the …….easily accessible.

…….. and can be easily reached by public transport.

Wind-surfers and jet skis can be hired.

Broad range of water sports would appeal to all kinds of people.

The area is very beautiful , and the sea is perfect for swimming.

All visitors are made to feel welcome.

Negative points

Prices in general are quite high.

The beach is not cleaned every day,……….

- and so there is some rubbish near the tables;

- so rubbish can be seen everywhere

The toilets are not kept clean.

The drawbacks of….. make it unsuitable for……

There isn’t a very wide choice of different brands.

It’s quite a long way from the town centre, and it’s hard to find a parking space.

In conclusion, it is recommended that….

……need to do something to….

They should…..

On the whole, it is advisable that…

To sum up,….

In spite of the (dis)advantages, …I would recommend…

Although there are certain drawbacks, I would recommend……..

There are no obvious disadvantages ; therefore, I would highly recommend………

The drawbacks outweigh the advantages, so I would not recommend………..

I have no hesitation in recommending the……..

3. Survey report

Вводные фразы

Фразы основной части

Заключительные фразы

The purpose /aim of this report is to analyse the results of a survey in which …. people were questioned about….

The aim of this report is to outline the results of a survey which was carried out to assess….

As requested, this report is to analyse the results of a survey…..

The report consists of the results of…

This report was carried out to analyse the results of…

…….% of the people we surveyed said……

only …..% actually admitted they…..

……..per cent of the people questioned……..

A large number of people who participated in the survey stated that….

Many people do not find / think / suppose…….

People are becoming increasingly concerned about….

It’s becoming increasingly popular…..

More and more people are getting involved / interested in…….

This is illustrated by the fact that……..

This shows / indicates / illustrates that the majority of people consider…..

There were also comments on…..

The results were quite interesting…..

It turns out that….

one in five / seven out of ten

the majority of those questioned…..

a large proportion of…. / the largest proportion of…./ a minority of…/ a small number….

more than we expected…

all points considered, ……..

In conclusion, it is recommended that….

……need to do something to….

They should…..

On the whole, it is advisable that…

To sum up, it seems that ….

Статья в газету / журнал. Writing an article.

Структура статьи:

Headline

Introduction

Main Body

Conclusion

- suggests the topic of the article

 Use Present Simple to describe events which have occurred very recently

( Earthquake hits L.A.)

Omit the verb “to be” when using the passive voice to describe a past event ( Lost boy found = Lost boy was found)

Use “to be + past participle” in the passive voice to describe a future event ( Hospital to be opened by Queen = a hospital is going to be opened by the Queen)

Use “to + Verb” in the active voice to describe a future event (Queen to open hospital = The Queen is going to open a hospital)

Omit articles

Avoid prepositions (under, over, across, through)

Use abbreviations (UFO, NATO)

§ 1

- state the problem and content of the article

-say why it is important or interesting

§2-4 - the topic is presented in detail

-provide some background about when it stated and major developments up to now

- say what is happening at the moment

-say how things will develop in the future

§ 5

-summarise the main points and say again why you think your subject will continue to be important