As the technology behind protection equipment has progressed, simple single-phase and transformer-based test devices are no longer up to the job. The transmission, transformer, motor or generator protection standards to be met in these systems tend to be numerical and three- or multi-phase in nature…

It is fact that the unit of electric energy generated by power station does not match with the units distributed to the consumers. Some percentage of the units is lost in the distribution network. This difference in the generated & distributed units is known as transmission and distribution loss…