6 Technology in the CityElevators-invented by Elisha Otis; allows people to operate in high rise buildings (skyscrapers)Telephone-invented by Alexander Graham Bell

7 Sanitation Sanitation is the #1 problem in citiesNo water systems; water is taintedSewers were inadequateHealthcare was non-existentDiseases spread rapidly in the crowded conditions

8 TransportationCities had been limited in size by the ability of people to get from one place to the otherElectric trainsTrolleySubwaysAll allow people to live in surrounding areas and work in the cities

15 New vs. OldOld- 1840’s; Western and Northern Europe; left their home due to potato famineNew- 1880’s; Eastern and Southern Europe; Jews; left due to religious persecution

16 Cultural PluralismMelting Pot- American society is a blend of different culturesCultural Pluralism- blending of religions and culturesNativism- believe immigrants brought evils with them; lowered wagesImmigrants would work for less

34 Social DarwinismApplies Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection, survival of the fittest, only the strong survive to societySocial Darwinism applies to business and societyThose that could change and adapt would be successful; those that couldn’t would remain poorSeemed to justify the “captains of industry”

35 Gospel of WealthIdea that the rich should care for their families and use the rest of their wealth to benefit societyPhilanthropyBuild schools, libraries, hospitalsCarnegie Hall, Rockefeller Center, Vanderbilt University

36 5.03Assess the impact of labor unions on industry and the lives of the workers

43 Knights of Labor Skilled and unskilled labor Led by Terrence PowderlyMen, women, black, whiteUnsuccessful due to its size and violent strikesHaymarket Riot-strike led by Knights which resulted in violence; Knights of Labor lose support after this

44 American Federation of Labor (AFL)Skilled workers onlyLed by Samuel GompersMost successful unionStayed out of politics

45 American Railway UnionIndustrial UnionLed by Eugene Debs who was a socialistUnsuccessful due to violence at Pullman Strike

47 Tactics by WorkersStrike-workers refuse to work; picket outside the workplaceFeatherbedding-workers would work slow to create more workCollective Bargaining-workers unite to negotiate and force management to give in on certain issues

48 Tactics used by business leadersLockout-owners would close the industry based on the idea that the factory could absorb the loss more than the worker couldScabs-replacement workersBlacklist-list of trouble makers shared by business leadersYellow Dog Contract-workers were forced to sign this saying they could be fired if they joined a union

49 Tactics used by GovernmentInjunction-court order to end strike and go back to work (Coal Strike 1902)Mediation-3rd party decide; makes a suggestionArbitration-3rd party decide and both sides have to agreeSherman Anti Trust Act 1890-outlawed trusts and monopolies; unsuccessful; hard to enforce

59 PatronageSpoils System-winner of elections would give party supporters government jobs

60 Pendleton Civil Service ActPassed to end the abuses of the patronage (“spoils system”)Passed after President James Garfield was assassinated by a disgruntled party supporter who wanted a jobAct said job seekers would have to apply and score well on a test (merit system)

62 Credit Mobilier ScandalInvolved a company that built the Transcontinental RRThey overcharged the governmentWhen the government investigated they paid off Congress

63 Whiskey Ring US distillers did not pay the substantial whiskey taxThey were helped by government insiders

64 Government Reform Brought on by PopulistInitiative-allow people to propose lawsReferendum- allow people to vote directly on lawsRecall-allow people to remove officials from office17th Amendment- direct election of senators