Up to 12 per cent of women could be allergic to semen - some so severely that exposure could cause anaphylactic shock, a leading expert has claimed.

Dr Michael Carroll, a lecturer in Reproductive Science at Manchester Metropolitan University, said that women aged 20 to 30 are
thought to be worst affected, displaying symptoms immediately or up to
one hour after exposure.

Symptoms include irritation, itching, painful urination and eczema, but in the most severe cases, exposure to semen can cause a potentially fatal allergic reaction.

Up to 12 per cent of women could be allergic to semen, some so severely that exposure could cause anaphylactic shock

Dr Carroll believes that while very few people have been diagnosed with a semen allergy, it could be common problem.

He and his colleagues have
carried out an unpublished survey which suggests that as many as 12
women per 100 could be affected.

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WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF A SEMEN ALLERGY?

The symptoms of semen allergies are very similar to those of dermatitis and some STIs.

They include, itching, irritation, eczema and pain during urination.

In the most severe cases, the allergy can cause anaphylactic shock.

In another paper, published in the journal Human Fertility, Dr Carroll said that symptoms of hypersensitivity to human semen (HHS) are often misdiagnosed due to their similarity with other conditions, such as dermatitis (inflammation of the skin) and some sexually transmitted diseases.

Dr Carroll, and his colleagues at St Mary's Hospital in Manchester, diagnosed four
women with the condition based on the their clinical history and allergy
skin prick tests.

Dr Carroll separated the sperm cells from the semen.The seminal fluid and the isolated sperm cells were used in allergy skin prick tests.

An immune reaction was noted with the seminal fluid, but no reaction occurred with the isolated sperm.

This demonstrated the allergy is caused
by a component in the seminal fluid - most likely a glycoprotein from
the prostate - as opposed to the actual sperm cells.

This means that someone who is allergic to one person's semen will be allergic to all semen - changing partners will not help them to escape the allergy.

The allergy is caused by seminal fluid, not sperm, so even people who have a very severe allergy can conceive using assisted reproductive technology such as intrauterine insemination

Avoiding a reaction either by abstinence or with condom use proved successful in all cases, although this was obviously not an option for those wishing to start a family.

In the paper, Dr Carroll wrote: ‘In addition to the reaction and physical discomfort, women with HHS experience emotional stress due to the impact it can have on their relationships and the concerns about family planning.’

In severe cases with a high risk of anaphylactic shock, sperm separated from the semen and can be used in assisted reproductive technology.

Dr Carroll added: ‘There are numerous cases published of successful pregnancies achieved naturally and through assisted reproductive technology in women with this condition. We were able to reassure our patients that HHS does not cause infertility.’

He believes that a lack of recognition
of the condition in the medical community may also be partly to blame
for the lack of diagnoses, along with patients not approaching doctors
about their symptoms.