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Wednesday, September 21, 2011

President Obama speech to the United Nations

THE
WHITE HOUSE

Office
of the Press Secretary

EMBARGOED UNTIL DELIVERY

September 21, 2011

Remarks
of President Barack Obama – As Prepared for Delivery

Address
to the United Nations General Assembly

New
York City

September
21, 2011

As Prepared for Delivery –

Mr. President, Mr. Secretary-General, fellow delegates, ladies and
gentlemen: I would like to talk to you about a subject that is at the heart of
the United Nations – the pursuit of peace in an imperfect world.

War and conflict have been with us since the beginning of
civilization. But in the first part of the 20th century, the advance of modern
weaponry led to death on a staggering scale. It was this killing that compelled
the founders of this body to build an institution that was focused not just on
ending one war, but on averting others; a union of sovereign states that would
seek to prevent conflict, while also addressing its causes.

No American did more to pursue this objective than President
Franklin Roosevelt. He knew that a victory in war was not enough. As he said at
one of the very first meetings on the founding of the United Nations, “We have
got to make, not merely a peace, but a peace that will last.”

The men and women who built this institution understood that peace
is more than the absence of war. A lasting peace – for nations and individuals
– depends upon a sense of justice and opportunity; of dignity and freedom. It
depends upon struggle and sacrifice; on compromise, and a sense of common
humanity.

One delegate to the San Francisco Conference that led to the
creation of United Nations put it well – “Many people,” she said, “have talked
as if all we had to do to get peace was…to say loudly and frequently that we
loved peace and hated war. Now we have learned that no matter how much we love
peace and hate war, we cannot avoid having war brought upon us if there are
convulsions in other parts of the world.”

The fact is, peace is hard, but our people demand it. Over nearly
seven decades, even as the United Nations helped avert a third World War, we
still live in a world scarred by conflict and plagued by poverty. Even as we
proclaim our love for peace and hatred of war, there are convulsions in our
world that endanger us all.

I took office at a time of two wars for the United States.
Moreover, the violent extremists who drew us into war in the first place –
Osama bin Laden, and his al Qaeda organization – remained at large. Today, we
have set a new direction.

At the end of this year, America’s military operation in Iraq will
be over. We will have a normal relationship with a sovereign nation that is a
member of the community of nations. That equal partnership will be strengthened
by our support for Iraq – for its government and Security Forces; for its
people and their aspirations.

As we end the war in Iraq, the United States and our coalition
partners have begun a transition in Afghanistan. Between now and 2014, an
increasingly capable Afghan government and Security Forces will step forward to
take responsibility for the future of their country. As they do, we are drawing
down our own forces, while building an enduring partnership with the Afghan
people.

So let there be no doubt: the tide of war is receding. When
I took office, roughly 180,000 Americans were serving in Iraq and Afghanistan.
By the end of this year, that number will be cut in half, and it will continue
to decline. This is critical to the sovereignty of Iraq and Afghanistan, and to
the strength of the United States as we build our nation at home.

Moreover, we are poised to end these wars from a position of
strength. Ten years ago, there was an open wound of twisted steel and broken
hearts in this city. Today, as a new tower rising at Ground Zero symbolizes New
York’s renewal, al Qaeda is under more pressure than ever before. Its
leadership has been degraded. And Osama bin Laden, a man who murdered thousands
of people from dozens of countries, will never endanger the peace of the world
again.

Yes, this has been a difficult decade. But today, we stand at a
crossroads of history with the chance to move decisively in the direction of
peace. To do so, we must return to the wisdom of those who created this
institution. The UN’s Founding Charter calls upon us, “to unite our strength to
maintain international peace and security.” And Article 1 of this General
Assembly’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights reminds us that, “All human
beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.’ Those bedrock beliefs –
in the responsibility of states, and the rights of men and women – must be our
guide.

In that effort, we have reason to hope. This year has been a time
of transformation. More nations have stepped forward to maintain
international peace and security. And more individuals are claiming their
universal right to live in freedom and dignity.

One year ago, when we met here in New York, the prospect of a
successful referendum in South Sudan was in doubt. But the international
community overcame old divisions to support the agreement that had been
negotiated to give South Sudan self-determination. And last summer, as a new
flag went up in Juba, former soldiers laid down their arms; men and women wept
with joy; and children finally knew the promise of looking to a future that
they will shape.

One year ago, the people of Cote D’Ivoire approached a landmark
election. And when the incumbent lost, and refused to respect the results, the
world refused to look the other way. UN peacekeepers were harassed, but did not
leave their posts. The Security Council, led by the United States, Nigeria, and
France, came together to support the will of the people. And Cote D’Ivoire is
now governed by the man who was elected to lead.

One year ago, the hopes of the people of Tunisia were suppressed.
But they chose the dignity of peaceful protest over the rule of an iron fist. A
vendor lit a spark that took his own life, but ignited a movement. In the face
of a crackdown, students spelled out the word freedom. The balance of fear
shifted from the ruler to those that he ruled. Now the people of Tunisia are
preparing for elections that will move them one step closer to the democracy
they deserve.

One year ago, Egypt had known one President for nearly thirty
years. But for 18 days, the eyes of the world were on Tahrir Square, where
Egyptians from all walks of life – men and women; young and old; Muslim and
Christian – demanded their universal rights. We saw in those protesters the
moral force of non-violence that has lit the world from Delhi to Warsaw; from
Selma to South Africa – and we knew that change had come to Egypt and to the
Arab World.

One year ago, the people of Libya were ruled by the world’s
longest serving dictator. But faced with bullets and bombs and a dictator who
threatened to hunt them down like rats, they showed relentless bravery. We will
never forget the words of the Libyan who stood up in those early days of
revolution and said, “Our words are free now. It’s a feeling you can’t
explain.”

Day after day, in the face of bullets and bombs, the Libyan people
refused to give back that freedom. And when they were threatened by the kind of
mass atrocity that often went unchallenged in the last century, the United
Nations lived up to its charter. The Security Council authorized all necessary
measures to prevent a massacre. The Arab League called for this effort,
and Arab nations joined a NATO-led coalition that halted Qadhafi’s forces in
their tracks.

In the months that followed, the will of the coalition proved
unbreakable, and the will of the Libyan people could not be denied. Forty-two
years of tyranny was ended in six months. From Tripoli to Misratah to
Benghazi – today, Libya is free. Yesterday, the leaders of a new Libya
took their rightful place beside us, and this week, the United States is
reopening our Embassy in Tripoli. This is how the international community is
supposed to work – nations standing together for the sake of peace and
security; individuals claiming their rights. Now, all of us have a
responsibility to support the new Libyan government as they confront the
challenge of turning this moment of promise into a just and lasting peace for
all Libyans.

So it has been a remarkable year. The Qadhafi regime is over.
Gbagbo, Ben Ali, and Mubarak are no longer in power. Osama bin Laden is gone,
and the idea that change could only come through violence has been buried with
him. Something is happening in our world. The way things have been is not the
way they will be. The humiliating grip of corruption and tyranny is being pried
open. Technology is putting power in the hands of the people. The youth are
delivering a powerful rebuke to dictatorship, and rejecting the lie that some
races, religions and ethnicities do not desire democracy. The promise written
down on paper – “all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and
rights” – is closer at hand.

But let us remember: peace is hard. Progress can be reversed.
Prosperity comes slowly. Societies can split apart. The measure of our
success must be whether people can live in sustained freedom, dignity, and
security. And the United Nations and its member states must do their part to
support those basic aspirations.

In Iran, we have seen a government that refuses to recognize the
rights of its own people. And as we meet here today, men, women and children
are being tortured, detained and murdered by the Syrian regime. Thousands have
been killed, many during the holy time of Ramadan. Thousands more have poured
across Syria’s borders. The Syrian people have shown dignity and courage in
their pursuit of justice – protesting peacefully, standing silently in the
streets, dying for the same values that this institution is supposed to stand
for. The question for us is clear: Will we stand with the Syrian people, or
with their oppressors?

Already, the United States has imposed strong sanctions on Syria’s
leaders. We have supported a transfer of power that is responsive to the Syrian
people. Many of our allies have joined us in this effort. But for the sake of
Syria – and the peace and security of the world – we must speak with one voice.
There is no excuse for inaction. Now is the time for the United Nations
Security Council to sanction the Syrian regime, and to stand with the Syrian
people.

Throughout the region, we will have to respond to the calls for
change. In Yemen, men, women and children gather by the thousands in towns and
city squares every day with the hope that their determination and spilled blood
will prevail over a corrupt system. America supports their aspirations. We must
work with Yemen’s neighbors and our partners around the world to seek a path
that allows for a peaceful transition of power from President Saleh, and a
movement to free and fair elections as soon as possible.

In Bahrain, steps have been taken toward reform and
accountability, but more are required. America is a close friend of Bahrain,
and we will continue to call on the government and the main opposition bloc –
the Wifaq – to pursue a meaningful dialogue that brings peaceful change that is
responsive to the people. And we believe the patriotism that binds Bahrainis
together must be more powerful than the sectarian forces that would tear them
apart.

Each nation must chart its own course to fulfill the aspirations
of its people, and America does not expect to agree with every party or person
who expresses themselves politically. But we will always stand up for the
universal rights that were embraced by this Assembly. Those rights depend upon
elections that are free and fair; governance that is transparent and
accountable; respect for the rights of women and minorities; and justice that
is equal and fair. That is what our people deserve. Those are elements of a
peace that lasts.

Moreover, the United States will continue to support those nations
that transition to democracy – with greater trade and investment, so that
freedom is followed by opportunity. We will pursue a deeper engagement with
governments, but also civil society – students and entrepreneurs; political
parties and the press. We have banned those who abuse human rights from
travelling to our country, and sanctioned those who trample on human rights
abroad. And we will always serve as a voice for those who have been silenced.

Now I know that for many in this hall, one issue stands as a test
for these principles – and for American foreign policy: the conflict between
the Israelis and Palestinians.

One year ago, I stood at this podium and called for an independent
Palestine. I believed then – and I believe now – that the Palestinian people
deserve a state of their own. But what I also said is that genuine peace can
only be realized between Israelis and Palestinians themselves. One year later,
despite extensive efforts by America and others, the parties have not bridged
their differences. Faced with this stalemate, I put forward a new basis for
negotiations in May. That basis is clear, and well known to all of us here.
Israelis must know that any agreement provides assurances for their security.
Palestinians deserve to know the territorial basis of their state.

I know that many are frustrated by the lack of progress. So am I.
But the question isn’t the goal we seek – the question is how to reach it. And
I am convinced that there is no short cut to the end of a conflict that has
endured for decades. Peace will not come through statements and resolutions at
the UN – if it were that easy, it would have been accomplished by now.
Ultimately, it is Israelis and Palestinians who must live side by side.
Ultimately, it is Israelis and Palestinians – not us – who must reach agreement
on the issues that divide them: on borders and security; on refugees and
Jerusalem.

Peace depends upon compromise among peoples who must live together
long after our speeches are over, and our votes have been counted. That is the
lesson of Northern Ireland, where ancient antagonists bridged their
differences. That is the lesson of Sudan, where a negotiated settlement led to
an independent state. And that is the path to a Palestinian state.

We seek a future where Palestinians live in a sovereign state of
their own, with no limit to what they can achieve. There is no question that
the Palestinians have seen that vision delayed for too long. And it is
precisely because we believe so strongly in the aspirations of the Palestinian
people that America has invested so much time and effort in the building of a
Palestinian state, and the negotiations that can achieve one.

America’s commitment to Israel’s security is unshakeable, and our
friendship with Israel is deep and enduring. And so we believe that any lasting
peace must acknowledge the very real security concerns that Israel faces every
single day. Let’s be honest: Israel is surrounded by neighbors that have waged
repeated wars against it. Israel’s citizens have been killed by rockets fired
at their houses and suicide bombs on their buses. Israel’s children come of age
knowing that throughout the region, other children are taught to hate them. Israel,
a small country of less than eight million people, looks out at a world where
leaders of much larger nations threaten to wipe it off of the map. The Jewish
people carry the burden of centuries of exile, persecution, and the fresh
memory of knowing that six million people were killed simply because of who
they were.

These facts cannot be denied. The Jewish people have forged a
successful state in their historic homeland. Israel deserves recognition. It
deserves normal relations with its neighbors. And friends of the Palestinians
do them no favors by ignoring this truth, just as friends of Israel must
recognize the need to pursue a two state solution with a secure Israel next to
an independent Palestine.

That truth – that each side has legitimate aspirations – is what
makes peace so hard. And the deadlock will only be broken when each side learns
to stand in each other’s shoes. That’s what we should be encouraging. This body
– founded, as it was, out of the ashes of war and genocide; dedicated, as it
is, to the dignity of every person – must recognize the reality that is lived
by both the Palestinians and the Israelis. The measure of our
actions must always be whether they advance the right of Israeli and
Palestinian children to live in peace and security, with dignity and
opportunity. We will only succeed in that effort if we can encourage the
parties to sit down together, to listen to each other, and to understand each
other’s hopes and fears. That is the project to which America is committed. And
that is what the United Nations should be focused on in the weeks and months to
come.

Now, even as we confront these challenges of conflict and
revolution, we must also recognize once more that peace is not just the absence
of war. True peace depends upon creating the opportunity that makes life worth
living. And to do that, we must confront the common enemies of human beings:
nuclear weapons and poverty; ignorance and disease. These forces corrode the
possibility of lasting peace, and together we are called upon to confront them.

To lift the specter of mass destruction, we must come together to
pursue the peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons. Over the last
two years, we have begun to walk down that path. Since our Nuclear Security
Summit in Washington, nearly 50 nations have taken steps to secure nuclear
materials from terrorists and smugglers. Next March, a Summit in Seoul will
advance our efforts to lock down all of them. The New START Treaty between the
United States and Russia will cut our deployed arsenals to the lowest level in
a half century, and our nations are pursuing talks on how to achieve deeper
reductions. America will continue to work for a ban on the testing of nuclear
weapons, and the production of fissile material needed to make them.

As we meet our obligations, we have strengthened the treaties and
institutions that help stop the spread of these weapons. To do so, we must
continue to hold accountable those nations that flout them. The Iranian
government cannot demonstrate that its program is peaceful, has not met its
obligations, and rejected offers that would provide it with peaceful nuclear
power. North Korea has yet to take concrete steps toward abandoning its
weapons, and continues belligerent actions against the South. There is a future
of greater opportunity for the people of these nations if their governments
meet their obligations. But if they continue down a path that is outside
international law, they must be met with greater pressure and isolation. That
is what our commitment to peace demands.

To bring prosperity to our people, we must promote the growth that
creates opportunity. In this effort, let us not forget that we have made
enormous progress over the last several decades. Closed societies gave way to open
markets. Innovation and entrepreneurship has transformed the way we live and
the things that we can do. Emerging economies from Asia to the Americas have
lifted hundreds of millions from poverty. Yet three years ago, we confronted
the worst financial crisis in eight decades. That crisis proved a fact
that has become clearer with each passing year – our fate is interconnected; in
a global economy, nations will rise, or fall, together.

Today, we confront the challenges that have followed that crisis.
Recovery is fragile. Markets are volatile. Too many people are out of work. Too
many others are struggling to get by. We acted together to avert a Depression
in 2009. We must take urgent and coordinated action once more. Here in the
United States, I have announced a plan to put Americans back to work and
jumpstart our economy, and committed to substantially reduce our deficit over
time. We stand with our European allies as they reshape their institutions and
address their own fiscal challenge. For other countries, leaders face a
different challenge as they shift their economies towards more self-reliance,
boosting domestic demand while slowing inflation. So we will work with
emerging economies that have rebounded strongly, so that rising standards of
living create new markets that promote global growth. That is what our
commitment to prosperity demands.

To combat the poverty that punishes our children, we must act on
the belief that freedom from want is a basic human right. The United States has
made it a focus of our engagement abroad to help people to feed themselves. And
today, as drought and conflict have brought famine to the Horn of Africa, our
conscience calls on us to act. Together, we must continue to provide
assistance, and support organizations that can reach those in need. And
together, we must insist on unrestricted humanitarian access so that we can
save the lives of thousands of men, women and children. Our common humanity is at
stake. Let us show that the life of a child in Somalia is as precious as any
other. That is what our commitment to our fellow human beings demands.

To stop disease that spreads across borders, we must strengthen
our systems of public health. We will continue the fight against HIV/AIDS,
tuberculosis and malaria. We will focus on the health of mothers and children.
And we must come together to prevent, detect, and fight every kind of
biological danger – whether it is a pandemic like H1N1, a terrorist threat, or
a treatable disease. This week, America signed an agreement with the
World Health Organization to affirm our commitment to meet this challenge.
Today, I urge all nations to join us in meeting the WHO’s goal of making sure
all nations have core capacities to address public health emergencies in place
by 2012. That is what our commitment to the health of our people demands.

To preserve our planet, we must not put off the action that a
changing climate demands. We must tap the power of science to save those
resources that are scarce. Together, we must continue our work to build on the
progress made in Copenhagen and Cancun, so that all of the major economies here
today follow through on the commitments that were made. Together, we must work
to transform the energy that powers are economies, and support others as they
move down that path. That is what our commitment to the next generation
demands.

And to make sure our societies reach their potential, we must
allow our citizens to reach theirs. No country can afford the cancer of
corruption. Together, we must harness the power of open societies and open
economies. That is why we have partnered with countries from across the globe
to launch a new partnership on Open Government that helps ensure accountability
and empower their citizens. No country should deny people their rights because
of who they love, which is why we must stand up for the rights of gays and
lesbians everywhere. And no country can realize its potential if half its
population cannot reach theirs. This week, the United States signed a new
Declaration on Women’s Participation. Next year, we should each announce the
steps we are taking to break down economic and political barriers that stand in
the way of women and girls. That is what our commitment to human progress
demands.

I know that there is no straight line to progress, no single path
to success. We come from different cultures, and carry with us different
histories. But let us never forget that even as we gather here as heads of different
governments, we represent citizens who share the same basic aspirations – to
live with dignity and freedom; to get an education and pursue opportunity; to
love our families and our God. To live in the kind of peace that makes life
worth living.

It is the nature of our imperfect world that we are forced to
learn this lesson over and over again. Conflict and repression will endure so
long as some people refuse to do unto others as we would have them do unto us.
Yet that is precisely why we have built institutions like this that bind our
fates together – because those who came before us believed that peace is
preferable to war; freedom is preferable to suppression; and prosperity is
preferable to poverty. That is the message that comes not from capitals, but
from citizens.

When the corner-stone of this very building was put in place,
President Truman came here to New York and said, “The United Nations is
essentially an expression of the moral nature of man’s aspirations.” As we live
in a world that is changing at a breathtaking pace, that is a lesson that we
must never forget.

Peace is hard, but we know that it is possible. Together, let us
resolve to see that it is defined by our hopes and not our fears. Together, let
us work to make, not merely a peace, but a peace that will last. Thank you.

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