Study author James Thomson said while bee numbers had declined at their research site he suspected that a 'climate-driven mismatch between the times when flowers open and when bees emerge from hibernation is a more important factor'.

'Early in the year, when bumble bee queens are still hibernating, the fruiting rates are especially low,' he said. 'This is sobering because it suggests that pollination is vulnerable even in a relatively pristine environment that is free of pesticides and human disturbance but still subject to climate change.'

Despite the findings, other experts remained cautious about the influence of climate change on bee pollination. Francis Ratnieks, professor of apiculture at the University of Sussex, said the downward trend of pollination observed in the study was not strong enough to extrapolate to any wider issues.

'Who knows the degree to which [this] affects the long term viability of the population?' he said. The study also only looked at one plant species, he added.

The Bumblebee Conservation Trust said the most significant factors driving the decline in pollinators were still unclear.

'It is probably a combination of climate change, habitat loss, pesticide use and disease. Unless we act swiftly, these declines threaten both human wellbeing and the survival of natural ecosystems as we know them,' said director Dave Goulson.

Study author Thomson admitted the evidence from the study was still weak but said the results were a warning that the phenomenon 'might be widespread and needs more attention'.

'It certainly suggests that people who have warned about the possible climate-change consequence of dislocated timing between interacting species have made a reasonable argument,' he added.