British East India Company
The East
IndiaIndia Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India
Company (HEIC) or the British East
IndiaIndia Company and informally as
John Company,[1] was an English and later British joint-stock
company,[2] that was formed to pursue trade with the "East
Indies"[citation needed] (in present-day terms, Maritime Southeast
Asia), but ended up trading mainly with
Qing ChinaQing China and seizing control
of large parts of the Indian subcontinent.
Originally chartered as the "Governor and Company of Merchants of
London trading into the East Indies", the company rose to account for
half of the world's trade[citation needed], particularly in basic
commodities including cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, saltpetre, tea,
and opium
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Sanjiv Mehta (British Businessman)
Sanjiv Mehta (born October 1961) is an India-born British businessman.
He is the owner of "The East India Company", which he launched in
2010, presenting it as a revival of the historic East India Company
that was dissolved on 1 June 1874.[1][2]Contents1 Early life
2 Business career2.1 The East India Company3 Personal life
4 ReferencesEarly life[edit]
Sanjiv Mehta was born in a Gujarati family in Mumbai, India. His
grandfather Gafurchand Mehta lived in
BelgiumBelgium in the 1920s, and
started a diamond trading business
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Portuguese India
The State of
IndiaIndia (Portuguese: Estado da Índia), also referred as
the Portuguese State of
IndiaIndia (Estado Português da Índia, EPI) or
simply Portuguese
IndiaIndia (Índia Portuguesa), was a state of the
Portuguese Overseas Empire, founded six years after the discovery of a
sea route between
PortugalPortugal and the
Indian SubcontinentIndian Subcontinent to serve as the
governing body of a string of Portuguese fortresses and colonies
overseas.
The first viceroy, Francisco de Almeida, established his headquarters
in
CochinCochin (Cochim, Kochi). Subsequent Portuguese governors were not
always of viceroy rank
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Machinery Of Government
The machinery of government (sometimes MoG) means the interconnected
structures and processes of government, such as the functions and
accountability of departments in the executive branch of government.
The term is used particularly in the context of changes to established
systems of public administration where different elements of
machinery[1] are created.
The phrase "machinery of government" is thought to have originated
with
John Stuart MillJohn Stuart Mill in Considerations on Representative
Government[2] (1861). It was notably used to a public audience by
President FD Roosevelt in a radio broadcast[3] in 1934, commenting on
the role of the
National Recovery AdministrationNational Recovery Administration (NRA) in delivering
the New Deal
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British CrownThe CrownThe Crown is the state in all its aspects within the jurisprudence of
the Commonwealth realms and their sub-divisions (such as Crown
dependencies, provinces, or states). The term is a metonym for both
the state[1] and the reigning monarch.[2]
A corporation sole, the Crown is the legal embodiment of executive,
legislative, and judicial governance in the monarchy of each country.
These monarchies are united by the personal union of their monarch,
but they are independent states. The concept of the Crown developed
first in England as a separation of the literal crown and property of
the nation state from the person and personal property of the monarch.
It spread through English and later British colonisation and is now
rooted in the legal lexicon of the United Kingdom, its Crown
dependencies, and the other 15 independent realms
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AristocracyAristocracy (Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, from
ἄριστος aristos "excellent", and κράτος kratos "power")
is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small,
privileged ruling class.[1] The term derives from the Greek
aristokratia, meaning "rule of the best".[2]
The term is synonymous with hereditary government, and hereditary
succession is its primary philosophy, after which the hereditary
monarch appoints officers as they see fit. At the time of the word's
origins in ancient Greece, the Greeks conceived it as rule by the best
qualified citizens—and often contrasted it favourably with monarchy,
rule by an individual
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Elizabeth I Of England
Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603)[1] was Queen of
England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March
1603. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen,
GlorianaGloriana or Good Queen Bess,
Elizabeth was the last monarch of the House of Tudor.
Elizabeth was the daughter of
Henry VIIIHenry VIII and Anne Boleyn, his second
wife, who was executed two-and-a-half years after Elizabeth's birth.
Anne's marriage to
Henry VIIIHenry VIII was annulled, and Elizabeth was declared
illegitimate. Her half-brother, Edward VI, ruled until his death in
1553, bequeathing the crown to
Lady Jane GreyLady Jane Grey and ignoring the claims
of his two half-sisters, Elizabeth and the
Roman CatholicRoman Catholic Mary, in
spite of statute law to the contrary. Edward's will was set aside and
Mary became queen, deposing Lady Jane Grey
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Saltpetre
Niter, or nitre (chiefly British[4]), is the mineral form of potassium
nitrate, KNO3, also known as saltpeter or saltpetre. Historically, the
term niter was not well differentiated from natron, both of which have
been very vaguely defined but generally refer to compounds of sodium
or potassium joined with carbonate or nitrate ions.
Related minerals are soda niter (sodium nitrate), ammonia niter or
gwihabaite (ammonium nitrate), nitrostrontianite (strontium nitrate),
nitrocalcite (calcium nitrate), nitrobarite (barium nitrate) and in
fact all of the natural elements in the first three columns of the
periodic table and numerous other cations form nitrates which are
uncommonly found for the reasons given, but have been described
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Indigo DyeIndigoIndigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color (see
indigo). Historically, indigo was a natural dye extracted from the
leaves of certain plants, and this process was important economically
because blue dyes were once rare
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