Noah Litherland, Assistant Professor at the University of Minnesota, says that cold stressed calves can result in first lactation dates being delayed. He has advised that feed promotes microbial fermentation, something that ‘does wonders’ for cold stressed calves.

“Starter intake is magical,” said Mr Litherland. “Microbial fermentation produces a large amount of heat, which is of course a challenge during heat stress, and becomes an important ally for cold stressed calves.”

Furthermore, Mr Litherland has advised supplemental fat in the first two weeks for growth rate.

A University of Minnesota trial found supplemental fat increased calf growth rate during the first three weeks of life.

Consequently, professor Litherland recommends adding a quarter pound of 60 per cent supplemental fat for the first two weeks.

Other options, such as the feed timings or simply increasing volume are recommended to promote growth.

“Feeding during the coldest time of the day will likely provide the biggest benefit,” said Mr Litherland.

“If you typically feed calves after the milking chores are completed, then consider feeding calves before milking when it is really cold. The warm milk and the energy from milk will have the greatest benefit if delivered when it is most needed.”

Stockmen could also increase feed volumes by a third at two feedings.

“This will deliver the same amount of nutrients as adding a third meal,” explained Mr Litherland.

But, he added: “The challenge is, some young calves may not be able to consume that much milk and large meal size may predispose calves to digestive upset and reduce starter grain intake.”

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