ch 11

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Bands

People whithin small groupols, often of the same kinship.

Community ecology

The study of the structure and function of biological communities

dispersion

The horizontal spacing of plants or animals that may be random, uniform or regular, or clumped or contagious.

ecological community

An assemblage of species populations occurring together within a partuclar geographic area whose ecological functions and dynamics ar ein some way interdependent.

Economics

The study of how people allocate scarce resources for various uses.

Foraging

Subsistence activities that rely on wild food resurces of the major portionsthe food supply.

Horticulture

Subsistence agriculture using simple tools and without complex irrigation and ferilization techniques.

Intensive agriculture

A subsistence activity in which tehnology and labor are used to create artificial ecosystems, with domisticated plants and animals supplanting the native community and human use of fertilizers and irrigation systems supllanting natural nutrient cycles.

life form

The morphology of a plant based on the relation of the ground surface to the plant's embryonic or regenerating tissue.

migration

The movement of individuals or their propagules ( ex: seeds, spores, larvae) from one area to another.

nomadism

The movement of an entire social group to meet resource needs.

non renewable resources

A resource that is not replaceable (ex: fossil fuel).

Paeloecology

The study of ecological communities based on their fossil record

pastoralism

The reliance on herding domisticated animals as the major food resource for a society

phenology

The periodic phenomena in organisms that are tied to periodic environmental change

phylogeny

The origin and evolution of a group of animals or plants

physiognomy

The form and sgtructgure of an ecological community

primary succession

The sequential changes that occur in cological communties that develop in newly created environments

succession

The tendency of ecological communties to follow fairly predictiable patterns of change

renewable resources

A resource that is replaceable. ex: oxygen

sustained yields

The maintenance of resources that can be replaced or renewed and therefor are not depleted

secondary succession

Teh sequential changes that occur in cological communities that have been disturbed

subsidized agriculture

Meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Swidden agriculture

A horticultural practice in which vegetation is slashed and burned to clear a plot for planting crops

transhumance

vertical stratification

The movement of only a portion of a social grop to meet resurce needs, the other portion of the group remaining in a permanent settlement.

zonation

A vertical or horizontal belt characterized by a particular assemblage of plants or animals