December 27, 2012

Not your maa-behen: A nation of victims

The Delhi bus rape survivor and I are about the same age and she studies in my hometown. Like many of you, I am clenching my jaw and my fists as I follow realtime coverage of the Delhi gang rape in a weird masochistic frenzy. There are sharp and insightful analyses of sexual violence, structural misogyny and that grand abusive system that fathers them with loving care - patriarchy. There are eloquently argued perspectives on crime and punishment and intelligent warnings about our cities becoming increasingly dangerous. There are moving appeals to protestors and critics to keep protesting and criticising. At the same time, reading the comments section on news websites can be akin to tying your brain to train tracks - "hayelp! hayelp!" it shouts as your eyes pore over the usual sexist sanctimony.
It is a myth that lack of education is the reason for sexual crime. The rich brats in Gurgaon speeding down roads, looking to drag women into their fancy cars for 'fun', cannot have been denied an education and speak English in a nasal northern drawl which is most famously heard in the word 'fraandship'. These boys are more scared of being caught on camera than by the police.
An immigrant from a tier-2 city who lives alone, I am part of the first generation of middle-class Indian women that has left home early to seek opportunity in metropolises (and in the case of Delhi, to make the choice between great opportunity and relative safety, as this article points out). In the past few years I have had to rely on my wits but also on innumerable strange men: to help me find accommodation in the least shady neighbourhoods, move into said accommodation, repair my lavatory, fix sockets and bring me home in their rickshaws and taxis at odd hours. The train driver who scared off a drunken beggar hauling himself next to me on the last Churchgate-Virar, the rickshaw driver who asked me if I was sure about going alone down the dark path that led to my room or the tempowala-turned-friend who helped me bring home my refrigerator from the station after midnight for free - all working class, "less educated" men and none of them my father, brother or husband.
I have stopped speaking to an IIM graduate who said that a Khap Panchayat's orders to girls to stay home after sunset and give up their mobile phones made "complete administrative sense since you can't control the boys". This is someone who thinks that if a co-worker is sexually harassed at his workplace in front of him, "it's something HR needs to sort out". Clearly, a lack of education is not the problem; it’s the sort of education we’re getting. We’ve ended up with a bunch of feeder programs for Big Business, not incubators of social change.
There is an eagerness to blame parents who raise their sons with a sense of entitlement, perhaps because of our tendency to analyse societal dysfunction in terms of smaller units like immediate family, but more responsible are people from the same generation - siblings, friends, classmates and colleagues - who never challenge blatantly sexist behaviour. Please remember: you're becoming and creating monsters. At the risk of gross generalisation, I want to add here (and you are free to disagree since I have no data to back up my claim, only observations) that engineering schools and consequently business schools, into which most people these days aspire to get admitted, solidify and promote a strange variety of passive misogyny due to skewed sex ratios and a population of males gleaned from parts of the country where inter-gender socialisation is discouraged. The resultant casting of girls as the 'other', instead of being quelled, gets carried over into an already female-resistant context, one where a certain tribe of technologically modern-ideologically medieval males peculiar to South East Asian democracies, thrives. (If in doubt, please check out the rampant trolling that YouTube and Facebook is rife with, curated rape videos and sexist jokes ‘liked’ by platoons of hormonal male students.) The objectification of women at these institutions is alarming and merits sociological research if it hasn't been done already. Consider someone like Chetan Bhagat, the patron saint of the Indian male engineer-MBA, who pretends to be enlightened and then states that young India wants jobs and girls. As if young India does not also include girls who want boys (or boys who want boys), as if young Indian girls exist only to be desired by boys. This idea feeds right into rape culture, designed to 'other' and then punish women who defy the rules of the patriarchal narrative that doesn't consider them protagonists, only the background scenery for male lives. Sexist jokes and rape lie on the same numberline. The underlying presumption in both cases is that women can and should be humiliated, that male power can be asserted by word or deed whenever the mood strikes.
It is hilarious that Bollywood types are making noises about this rape. Mainstream Hindi films rarely depict women as anything but objects of lust. Bollywood is quite happy to confirm and perpetuate the virgin/whore stereotype in their storylines in this day and age and commodify female bodies through pornographic item songs. They must stop using the hugely-popular Punjabi rapper Yo Yo Honey Singh's songs on their soundtracks before telling us how bad they feel. How do you begin to counter the anti-woman drivel being spouted by Singh and his ilk? Should women start rapping stuff like: kaatke tera l*&% / doongi tujhe dand to get their own back? Hey, if that's what it takes...What do you do about soap operas that emphasise that a woman is happiest in the kitchen? Do you occupy theatres showing movies with hypermasculine leads dominating landscapes, villains and women? Do you mount campaigns against every item number and macho anthem? A brutal gang rape is made possible by and finds sanction in a complex of interrelated factors that normalises denigration of women, whether subtle or overt. If popular culture is an index of the kind of environment we inhabit, it’s truly a jungle out here.
The only time we glimpse feminism on Indian TV is during the much-maligned Roadies auditions. Those segments pretty much encapsulate the gamut of opinions Indian boys have about girls drinking, smoking and having sex. The display of double standards and orthodoxy by men between the ages of 18 and 25 is chilling. This is my generation, you think, these are men I attend college with and go to work with. Raghu Ram, one of the judges, is constantly criticised by men who watch the show for being angry and volatile. This is probably because they rarely see a man publicly disagree with them on the topic of women. After the 2009 Mangalore pub attack, Mr. Ram appeared on the news arguing with someone seemingly 'educated' yet still under the impression that it is the men of the house who decide what the women do ("would you let your sister go to a pub?" he inquired). Where are the men who openly support the freedom of women? Which role models do our boys have when it comes to treating women well? Movie heroes are lauded for stalking, molesting and what I'm pretty sure counts as date rape in order to 'win' women over. Yes, our girls need better role models but so do our boys, as is argued in a more persuasive context here.
The protests over the weekend were heartening but unsustainable. While the national capital turned into a war zone, our commercial hub could’ve cared less. Because obviously this is a 'Delhi problem' and women in Bombay don't get sexually harassed, like, ever. Then again: how many Dilliwalas have protested the countless rapes of women in Kashmir and the North East that have taken place over the years, often by employees of the Indian government?
With the images of the protest faintly echoing those of the Arab Spring, it was easy to get caught up in the moment (I did) and imagine a similar tide of righteous frustration flooding the country and transforming it. What is happening, of course, is closer to Iran in 2009 than Egypt in 2011. The kids protesting at India Gate are not poor vegetable vendors. Most of them hold fairly well-paying jobs that help them lead lives of luxury. The focus of the protests appears to be not so much on overthrowing the government but on reforming it. This is fleeting, largely middle-class outrage about the brutalisation of a middle-class couple. In order for there to be real change, it needs to quickly also become a movement that strikes at the heart of a whole phalanx of oppressive energies that systematically deprive men and women in India of the right to live freely. Which is not going to happen.
People have been correctly saying it's not about this rape, it's about all of them. It's not even about rapes, it's about violence in general, that of caste, class, religion and institution. The same conditions that make it so easy to rape or kill a woman, often in the name of honour, also make it easy to kill men who don't belong to the right caste or religion. Those same conditions allow multinational corporations to install themselves wherever they want, once they've paid off the right people. Or permit manufacturers to violate workers' rights in manufacturing units once they've bribed the local authorities. Or let major scams involving national resources and taxpayers' money occur annually. Or let Khaps uphold unconstitutional bogus laws. Instead of shouting “death to rapists”, the protestors need to be using this chance to clamour for a dismantling of the Khaps that actively contribute to making the north particularly hostile to women.
Political parties, feudal oligarchies and industrialists will continue collaborating to breed corruption and conspiring to support genocide, rape culture and chronic poverty. There's a lot in it for them. Everything boils down to money. To be heard, ideally all we’d need to do is stop paying taxes. If you're going to treat me like a second-class citizen, isn't it only fair that I play the part? If you're going to sell me out behind my back to some vampiric conglomerate, isn't it only fair that I withdraw my financial support? Unfortunately, unless you’re a film star or a cricketer, your taxes have already been paid for you - the reason nothing will change in India is that the youth who are in a position to organise and mobilise support for that change are in the pay of aforementioned conglomerates or the government. It's quite laughable to expect that all the economic and political mechanisms that keep patriarchy hale and hearty be kept intact and misogyny be surgically removed like a malignant tumour. The government survives on our unwillingness to see nexuses: how can rape culture be eradicated through fast-track courts and hangings when panchayats regularly enable foeticide and murder, fundamentalists brutalise minority women and tycoons support both?
As long as we are governed by an army of privileged males, there is never going to be change. Even if women were to make this a political issue, who's listening? Certainly not the middle-aged netas (sex offenders included) who'd lock up their daughters before raising an eyebrow at whatever their sons are up to. Not the younger netas, politicised in milieus pulsing with hate, who grew up seeing their mothers get beaten or silenced by their fathers. Definitely not female politicians, all of whom get initiated into a frat house the minute they acquire power. The rapes, beatings and dowry deaths won’t stop as long as it’s men being targeted in campaigns and men who remain the source of income for the government. As long as we have men in power who uphold paternal authority, token efforts to throw women a bone now and then won't make an iota of difference. Tehelka’s exposé of the Delhi Police's horrifying attitudes towards rape earlier this year and the lack of action on the government's part only proves that rapists will continue to walk free because they are one of the boys. Our police, like boardroom directors and parliamentarians, is a group of men protecting other men. The real 'us' versus 'them' in our country is not a stand-off based on class, caste or religion but gender. Half (not for long!) of the national population is constantly in conflict with the other regardless of what its other identities are. Women are threatened by men from outside and within their communities and domains. Which is why right-wing goons speaking out against this gang rape is a bit like the Taliban advocating gun control.
Arguments against equality often turn to scriptural authority and 'cultural values'. Quite conveniently, neither texts nor tradition impose any restrictions on those blessed with an XY chromosome. Even men who would probably not directly assault a woman think that it's for their own good that they are asked to remain invisible because of all the fiends out there. None of these men have ever been asked to limit their physical freedom and it doesn't even occur to them that if they were asked to, this rhetoric of protection would be summarily rejected by them all. Yet, there is absolutely no recognition of the sort of minefield most women have to navigate for pleasures that men take for granted or even that women would desire the same pleasures as men.
The fundamental problem, as has been discussed ad nauseum in newspapers, is the complete absence of empathy. Most men just don't know or care about what it is like to be a woman. As simple as that. The girl in Guwahati who got lynched by hooligans outside a bar or the women in Mangalore who got beaten by Hindu fundamentalists (none of the latter have been arrested) are being 'punished' for behaving like men. None of the perpetrators of those incidents could imagine their own mother or sister contravening the age-old customs they live by. And that's why, for reasons other than that it’s sexist, it's important to stop resorting to the maa-behen appeal when trying to talk to men. That does not activate the sympathy you are desperate for; it only reminds them of another term in the vocabulary of masculinity they've inherited: izzat. What we need to appeal to is the fears that these men live with about their own well-being. Sadly, there seems no analogy to be drawn to explain to them that their idea of protection is equivalent to a suffocation of spirit and central to the problem. My attempts, in conversations, to draw a parallel between violence against women and that directed at minorities has proved fruitless since minorities too draw boundaries around women and people don’t see the replication of power dynamics. The kind of existential dread that most women go through life with will never be known to them.
We need to ask ourselves if and how empathy can be generated. How do we empower the men who are already on our side or are willing to listen, especially those on whom we depend when we step out of our homes, like cabbies and theliwalas? Or sensitise women who are complicit with the order and nourish it by kowtowing to the whims of their fathers, brothers and husbands often at the expense of their daughters and sons? How do we make it harder for those we can't change to act on their beliefs and affect the way we live? I wonder how one would start with changing mentalities in Khap territory for instance. It is not that men don't live with the threat of violence, it is that men don't live with it because they are men. Indian men have a shot at leading free lives if they do and say the right things. There is no such guarantee for Indian women, who can be assaulted anytime and anywhere, never mind their belief system, wealth or place in the social hierarchy. This, ultimately, is what being seen only as a body translates to. Unless there is a persistent threat looming over male bodies, until men of all castes and classes are not denied the rights they stop women from exercising and as long as men continue to sit on thrones in the upper echelons of power, stroking their moustaches and panthers like B-grade '80s villains, it is naive to expect any kind of change. It seems as though only one sex can enjoy positive rights at a given point of time. Even as I write this, women continue to get raped and molested all over the country. As always, our safety is our own responsibility.

Kamayani Sharma is a text editor with ART India, a visual arts quarterly. She studied philosophy and gender studies as an undergraduate at Fergusson College, Pune. She has written on cinema and been published in poetry journals. While trying hard to be a non-violent vigilante feminist, she confesses to wondering whether her monocle makes her look fat.

Kamyani–Thank you for writing this comprehensive, intelligent, and focused essay.

Thank you for saying to the rather rude commenter that you have eavesdropped.. North Indian Men and dare I say most Indian men (and I am a North Indian women) exhibit all the signs of Fratboy-ism. I teach these Fratboys as a professor in a university in the American midwest. They start early, then they become the Bushes and the Romney’s.

189-so that was your question, out of all the issues raised in the blog? are you just stupid, or one of my many talented IIM classmates whose only purpose in life was to get drunk and cheat on 4 marks assignments?

Few inputs from my side.
For starters, it is improper to term what we have as an education system. At best we can call it a literacy system.

Secondly, it has been my contention for quite some time – and after what I have been reading over the last week or 2, it is a conviction – that women (everyone, no exceptions) need to be trained in at least basic self-defence techniques, if not a martial art. Not to say that the predators (men, or occasionally a woman – yes, that happens too) will keep their instincts in check, but a couple of blows to appropriate places should help.

Third – & very importantly – it is very important for change to begin at home. Parents – your daughter is as precious as your son. Husbands – pls consider waiting for your wife before your meals (I do). And so on…

Overall, a wonderfully written piece Kamayani, agree with the vast majority of the points you make.

You are making the same bizarre and, ultimately pedestrian, recommendation being made about school and guns in the US. People are calling for arming teachers and schools rather than looking at the root case–gun control laws linked with the history of violence in the US.

Your second contention, apparently for some time, is pure bull.
As a trained martial artist this nonsense infuriates me.
You can play cricket all your life and you’re still not going to be the next Sachin. The same applies to any other skill. Don’t assume a few self defense classes will help you deal with hardened street thugs, or in this case 6-7 regular guys. I know at least two accomplished martial artists who got robbed.
Self defense techniques are just precautionary measures, not a sure-shot answer to a complex problem being discussed here. All the self defense mastery in the world is powerless against a system this heavily loaded against you.

I think part of the response to this rape has been engendered to the de-contextualization that it has undergone. As a part of logistics of modern media/post-modernism – whatever the impetus, severing things from their historical moorings is a pretty common occurrence. So, a rape is delineated from a history of rapes and sexual assault; a war from the history of injustice. Though this amplifies the response, it also serves to expend it quickly. Change, however, is a long drawn out battle.

Kamyani–Thank you for writing this comprehensive, intelligent, and focused essay.

Thank you for saying to the rather rude commenter that you have eavesdropped.. North Indian Men and dare I say most Indian men (and I am a North Indian women) exhibit all the signs of Fratboy-ism. I teach these Fratboys as a professor in a university in the American midwest. They start early, then they become the Bushes and the Romney’s.
I bow to you!

It’s very puzzling- my mom, educated and modern as she is, still thinks that two grandsons are preferable to one grandson and one granddaughter, even though she freely admits that daughters are likely to be closer to mothers than sons are after marriage. I don’t know how to change that mindset. All I can do is raise my son and daughter to understand and practice the ideals of respect for women. And be glad that I picked a husband who feels the same as I do.

very great narrative , I am sure most women who read it agree with what u say , I was born and brought up in bangalore, live in punjab for last three years, married to a haryanvi and have seen similar thoughts and behaviours across country . Glad you wrote such a beautiful piece and brought out emotions which most of us fail to do

Brilliant piece Kamayani! Thank You. I am sure each and every woman, man, young and old who reads this article will be inspired to talk to their children (boy and girl, friends, peers and sometimes elders about gender equality. I have a 8 year old son and we as parents with similar thoughts on gender equality show him by behaving, talking to him and guiding him from a very young age.I was born in Hubli, lived in Delhi, Hyderabad, Bangalore and Singapore, now live in Brisbane for the past 4 years, have seen similar thoughts and behavior around the world. Am glad you wrote this beautiful piece and brought out emotions which most of us fail to express. I hope the blame-game ends and each one of us take our responsibilities seriously. To change we need a cohesive partnership and not sporadic, isolated groups…!

As I type out a comment for your article, I find myself a little short of breath and frankly searching for words to express how I feel…

Over the last few weeks post this horrific incident, I quietly observed all that followed, all the things propping up in social media and forums against the atrocities but failed to find anything that really echoed with my exact thoughts…

It horrified me to think ‘what does it take’ to drive a human being to be in this manner? I did feel for the girl and god bless her soul. But the most scary thought that kept knocking at my mind was about – these are just 4-5 men out of thousands out there.

How does one explain this? Is it the nation? Is this democracy? I am a man – but acts like these make me question is this all men have been reduced to?

In fact after I heard of her passing away today morning… my mind has been racing… trying to sort out all my thoughts over the last month and I must add that your article here echoes a lot of what I was trying to put into words but failed.

I must thank you for your words for they being peace and helps maintain sanity in the minds of people like me in a time of such utter chaos.

Excellent article indeed !Unless there is a persistent threat looming over male bodies, until men of all castes and classes are not denied the rights they stop women from exercising and as long as men continue to sit on thrones in the upper echelons of power, it is naive to expect any kind of change
The thought is right, but I sincerely believe you don’t wish that it happens (howsoever far-fetched it may be to happen actually) – it will be like, ok, if women are violated – let’s rape men as well! Men can’t be raped – period. Let’s stop making the lives of 2 genders “identical” – it’s impossible. Worldwide, in ‘dignified societies’, women are respected and given additional security and privileges – (the ideals of ladies first etc.) WHILE allowing them an equal lifestyle at work and home.

The problem with Indian mindset, as you rightly nail, is that only our ‘maa-behen’ who stay at home, have ijjat, but not our friend / girl-friend. I will think twice about sending my daughter to night club with her male friends, never because she’s not entitled to, but because of security. You can extend this logic to ridiculous levels, (say in daytime/ in college etc.), but that’s a line you draw based on your sensibility and the society you’re a part of. I agree this restriction is not the solution, but until the solution (mindset + security) is present, I will never want my near n dear ones to be merely butchered by some loose rogues who dont give a damn about anything.

Hi Kapil, thanks for the comment. I certainly don’t believe that attacking men violently is any kind of “solution” and you must understand that some of the anger must necessarily be directed using rhetoric. I do wonder, however, as I have pointed out in my piece: how do you go about getting men who have already been conditioned and indoctrinated with a certain philosophy to reconsider? Until they don’t recognise the experience, it seems almost impossible to get them to empathise. Hope springs, of course, with younger generations of boys and with them empathy can be instilled through better education and parenting. As for your second paragraph, of course I agree with you. The basic argument is: mindsets will take decades to change but in the meantime, the government needs to do its job.

So many years have passed since the first women lib history has started and women seem to be still struggling for basic rights. why? how many women try to help other less fortunate? and how many accept the challenge to stand on their feet? unless women realise that on them depends what they get in this world, nothing much is gonna change. It seems too hard for them, after this outcry they’d prefer their favorite soap operas,their kitchen and their shopping.
if we want positive change let us be the agents… there is no other way.

Atlast found an article which presented the background problems of such acts. In addition to it, i would like to add one more problem which i see in every indian-”HOPE”- Every indian whether male or female, child or adult, young or old has one weapon for every problem which is their hope. They hope that something happens to end bad or someone else will fight to teach these villains or god will do something to end this evil instead of they doing that something or they been that someone. I dont know what is the reason behind it, may it be the films where everyone waits for a hero to do something or religious backdrop where when some bad happens god comes and kills the villain and evrything is good to go. If that hope factor changes then whole phase of india changes and yes that changes only by following what M/s. Kamayani said.