Nature Neurosciencehttp://www.nature.com/includes/rj_globnavimages/nn_logo.gifhttp://www.nature.com/neuro/
The Zika threat to the peripheryhttp://feeds.nature.com/~r/neuro/rss/current/~3/p9xJ-MT6qwM/nn.4633
Zika virus infection is associated with birth defects, including microcephaly, but also with disorders of peripheral nerves. Oh et al. use rodent and human cell models to explore how the virus affects the peripheral nervous system.Nature Neuroscience 20, 1191 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nn.4633

Authors: Themasap A. Khan & Sergiu P. Paşca

Zika virus infection is associated with birth defects, including microcephaly, but also with disorders of peripheral nerves. Oh et al. use rodent and human cell models to explore how the virus affects the peripheral nervous system.

Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72 gene locus create double jeopardy, first by leading to DNA–RNA R-loops that spawn double-strand breaks and second by the synthesis of dipeptide repeats that hinder DNA repair. This two-pronged mechanism may explain neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.

]]>Loopholes in the DNA contract kill neuronsKarl HerrupKai-Hei TseHei-Man Chowdoi:10.1038/nn.4626Nature Neuroscience 20, 1192 (2017)2017-08-29Nature Neuroscience2017-08-2910.1038/nn.4626http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.4626209News and Views11921194http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.4626Jamais vu all over againhttp://feeds.nature.com/~r/neuro/rss/current/~3/-bajRGOO8rU/nn.4625
What is the basis for the feeling that someplace or someone is familiar? Molas et al. have identified brain structures involved in signaling familiarity, a necessary element for the expression of preference for novelty.Nature Neuroscience 20, 1194 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nn.4625

Authors: Rebecca D Burwell & Victoria L Templer

What is the basis for the feeling that someplace or someone is familiar? Molas et al. have identified brain structures involved in signaling familiarity, a necessary element for the expression of preference for novelty.

]]>Jamais vu all over againRebecca D BurwellVictoria L Templerdoi:10.1038/nn.4625Nature Neuroscience 20, 1194 (2017)2017-08-29Nature Neuroscience2017-08-2910.1038/nn.4625http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.4625209News and Views11941196http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.4625Is population activity more than the sum of its parts?http://feeds.nature.com/~r/neuro/rss/current/~3/uSdukKY2JNU/nn.4627
A study introduces innovative ways to test whether neural population activity exhibits structure above and beyond that of its basic components.Nature Neuroscience 20, 1196 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nn.4627

Authors: Jonathan W Pillow & Mikio C Aoi

A study introduces innovative ways to test whether neural population activity exhibits structure above and beyond that of its basic components.

]]>Is population activity more than the sum of its parts?Jonathan W PillowMikio C Aoidoi:10.1038/nn.4627Nature Neuroscience 20, 1196 (2017)2017-08-29Nature Neuroscience2017-08-2910.1038/nn.4627http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.4627209News and Views11961198http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.4627Functions and dysfunctions of neocortical inhibitory neuron subtypeshttp://feeds.nature.com/~r/neuro/rss/current/~3/FKGH2x5TNGg/nn.4619
Hattori et al. review the recent advances in our understanding of the roles of inhibitory neuron subtypes in shaping the activity and plasticity states of neocortical circuits, how neuromodulators control inhibitory neuron subtypes, and the role of inhibitory neuron dysfunction in neurological disorders.Nature Neuroscience 20, 1199 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nn.4619

Chemotherapy-induced pain is a dose-limiting condition that affects 30% of patients undergoing chemotherapy. We found that gut microbiota promotes the development of chemotherapy-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Oxaliplatin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia was reduced in germ-free mice and in mice pretreated with antibiotics. Restoring the microbiota of germ-free mice abrogated this protection. These effects appear to be mediated, in part, by TLR4 expressed on hematopoietic cells, including macrophages.

]]>A circuit-based mechanism underlying familiarity signaling and the preference for noveltySusanna MolasRubing Zhao-SheaLiwang LiuSteven R DeGrootPaul D GardnerAndrew R Tapperdoi:10.1038/nn.4607Nature Neuroscience 20, 1260 (2017)2017-07-17Nature Neuroscience2017-07-1710.1038/nn.4607http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.4607209Article12601268http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.4607Dorsal hippocampus contributes to model-based planninghttp://feeds.nature.com/~r/neuro/rss/current/~3/aP82KAxh5Qc/nn.4613
Although the hippocampus has long been linked to planning, it has not been shown to be necessary for planning behavior. Using computational modeling and a new rat task that allows the quantification of planning behavior across many repeated trials, the authors report the first evidence that hippocampal inactivation impairs planning.Nature Neuroscience 20, 1269 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nn.4613

]]>Functional dissection of signal and noise in MT and LIP during decision-makingJacob L YatesIl Memming ParkLeor N KatzJonathan W PillowAlexander C Hukdoi:10.1038/nn.4611Nature Neuroscience 20, 1285 (2017)2017-07-24Nature Neuroscience2017-07-2410.1038/nn.4611http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.4611209Article12851292http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.4611Adults with autism overestimate the volatility of the sensory environmenthttp://feeds.nature.com/~r/neuro/rss/current/~3/-2C9SQ4wNr8/nn.4615
The authors address why the use of prior expectations might be compromised in autism, by using computational models and pupillometric markers of the neuromodulator noradrenaline. They show that by estimating the world to be more changeable than it really is, adults with autism have difficulty in learning what to expect.Nature Neuroscience 20, 1293 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nn.4615

]]>High-dimensional, single-cell characterization of the brain's immune compartmentBen KorinTamar L Ben-ShaananMaya SchillerTania DubovikHilla Azulay-DebbyNadia T BoshnakTamar KorenAsya Rollsdoi:10.1038/nn.4610Nature Neuroscience 20, 1300 (2017)2017-07-24Nature Neuroscience2017-07-2410.1038/nn.4610http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.4610209Resource13001309http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.4610Structure in neural population recordings: an expected byproduct of simpler phenomena?http://feeds.nature.com/~r/neuro/rss/current/~3/vplBVixgNtM/nn.4617
To what extent are population-level results an expected byproduct of simpler structure already known to exist in single neurons? Conventional controls are insufficient to perform this critical investigation. The authors developed a methodological framework to test the significance of population-level studies and apply it to prefrontal and motor cortices.Nature Neuroscience 20, 1310 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nn.4617