Can a statesman be a good politician and a good Christian at the same time? In the 16th and 17th centuries, many authors thought that it was perfectly possible, but their opinions simply used to deny that both models were incompatibles. So, the real conflict between them kept without solution,
just like the Pax Hispanica proved during the kingdom of Philip III. This paper studies the intellectual origins of the Defensive War in Chile in order to defend that this system joined “true and false” Reason of State, thanks for the consideration that the Araucanian revolt was a legitimate reaction against the tyranny. It made the Chilean peace quite different of their European sisters in England and Holland.