A new study found that most injuries on amusement rides happen during the summer. / Nationwide Children's Hospital

by Michelle Healy, USA TODAY

by Michelle Healy, USA TODAY

Note: this story has been updated from an earlier version, to correct the number of injuries at theme parks in 2011.

Most amusement ride injuries happen during the summer - but not just at carnivals and theme parks, according to a new study.

Nearly 93,000 children under 18 injured on rides were treated in U.S. emergency rooms from 1990 to 2010, and 11,000 of those injuries involved rides at local malls, restaurants and arcades, says the study, released Wednesday in the journal Clinical Pediatrics.

Theme parks and other amusement parks with fixed-site rides accounted for 34% of the injuries; 29% occurred at carnivals, festivals and other temporary locations. A quarter of the cases didn't have enough information to be accurately categorized.

But about 12% happened on rides in smaller locations, such as malls, restaurants and arcades.

This is one of the first studies "to identify the rides you encounter in arcades and shopping malls as being an important source of injury," said Gary Smith, senior author of the paper and director of the Center of Injury Research and Policy at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio.

His team analyzed all pediatric amusement-ride injury data collected from U.S. emergency departments by the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS).

Overall, the percentage of amusement-ride injuries requiring hospitalization or observation is less than 2%, and "that's absolutely good new news," Smith said. "It tells us the number of serious injuries requiring hospitalization is low."

Children injured on "mall rides" tended to be young, and were more likely to suffer head/neck or face injuries, concussions or cuts, compared to injuries from theme park or carnival rides; 73% of "mall ride" injuries occurred when a child fell in, on, off or against the ride.

These injuries suggest the rides "may not have had restraints to (secure) the child and they may have been located over hard, unpadded surfaces," Smith said. The design of the study did not provide that level of detail, he says, "but it's certainly something that warrants more study to find out ways we can prevent these injuries."

The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, which operates the injury surveillance system, has safety enforcement jurisdiction over mobile-site rides like those at temporary carnivals, but fixed-site rides are regulated by state or local governments.

A bill first introduced in 2007 by Rep. Edward Markey, D-Mass., would give federal oversight to all rides, but it has not been passed.

Colleen Mangone, spokeswoman for the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions, an industry group, said it is reviewing the report. But "safety is the amusement park industry's No. 1 priority," she added. "Injuries are rare, especially in the context of the tremendous number of rides given each year."

Mangone cited industry statistics that 297 million people visited the USA's approximately 400 fixed-site amusement parks and theme parks in 2011, with 1,415 injuries reported. Just 61 were serious injuries -- defined as requiring overnight hospitalization. "The likelihood of being seriously injured on a permanently located amusement park ride in the U.S. is 1 in 24 million," she said.

Among other study findings:

â?¢ 70% of injuries occurred from May to September, with an average of 20 injuries a day during these months.

â?¢ The injury rate declined from 8.79 per 100,000 in 1991 to 4.41 per 100,000 in 2003.