Probabilistic risk results

Average Annual Loss (AAL) by hazard

The Average Annual Loss (AAL) is the expected loss per annum associated to the occurrence of future perils assuming a very long observation timeframe. It considers the damage caused on the exposed elements by small, moderate and extreme events and results a useful and robust metric for risk ranking and comparisons.

Hazard contribution to AAL

Probable Maximum Loss (PML)

The Probable Maximum Loss (PML) is a risk metric that represents the maximum loss that could be expected, on average, within a given number of years. PML is widely used to establish limits related to the size of reserves that, for example, insurance companies or a government should have available to buffer losses: the higher the return period, the higher the expected loss. PML always have associated a mean return period.

Mean return period in years - Values for hazard are in million US$

Hazard

20

50

100

250

500

1000

1500

Earthquake

13

34

88

366

937

2,003

2,860

Wind

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Storm Surge

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Tsunami

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Notes

Extensive risk is used to describe the risk of low-severity, high-frequency disasters, mainly but not exclusively associated with highly localized hazards. Intensive risk is used to describe the risk of high-severity, mid to low-frequency disasters, mainly associated with major hazards.

AAL: The Average Annual Loss is the expected loss per annum associated to the occurrence of future perils assuming a very long observation timeframe. It considers the damage caused on the exposed elements by small, moderate and extreme events and results a useful and robust metric for risk ranking and comparisons.
AAL Flood results are provisional. These results give an overview of the risk associated with river flooding. Factors other than the depth of the water also have a considerable influence on loss, which means that there is greater uncertainty compared with other hazards.

Risk and development implications index. This index is useful to provide a ranking of the countries based on the ratio of the expected Average Annual Loss (AAL) with relation to a set of relevant macroeconomic, financial, and social development variables. It attempts to reveal the weight of the AAL with respect to the social expenditure, the capital formation (domestic investment) and reserves (financial capacity), and the produced capital or capital stock (assets at risk) and savings (treasury) of each country. It reflects, in adverse conditions, growth and social constraints for the country as a result of potential future disasters.
The fiscal portfolio is composed by the government buildings, public education and health buildings, and low income residential private buildings.

PML: The Probable Maximum Loss is a risk metric that represents the maximum loss that could be expected, on average, within a given number of years. PML is widely used to establish limits related to the size of reserves that, for example, insurance companies or a government should have available to buffer losses: the higher the return period, the higher the expected loss. PML always have associated a mean return period.
Mean return period of 100, 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 years means the 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% and 0.3% probability respectively of exceeding those losses in 5 years.