Paralanguage: Nonverbal Communication “People are more frightened of being lonely than of being hungry, or being deprived of sleep, or of having their.

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Presentation on theme: "Paralanguage: Nonverbal Communication “People are more frightened of being lonely than of being hungry, or being deprived of sleep, or of having their."— Presentation transcript:

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Paralanguage: Nonverbal Communication “People are more frightened of being lonely than of being hungry, or being deprived of sleep, or of having their sexual needs unfulfilled” (Frieda Fromm Reichmenn).

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Paralanguage: Nonverbal Communication Communication by means other than language.

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The functions of nonverbal communication To repeat what was said verbally To complement what was said verbally To contradict to what was said verbally To substitute for what would be said verbally To regulate and manage the communication event

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Nonverbal communication divided into Kinesic and Proxemic acts Kinesics: The study of nonverbal gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, and body posture Proxemics: The study of the use of space, touch, and distance as features of nonverbal communication.

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Inborn Nonverbal Actions Smiling Crying

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Universality versus Relativism Birdwhistell (1970) Emblems: are gestures understood by participant of a communicative community to express a specific meaning

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Cultural Specific Emblems Can you guess what the following gestures from Japan, France and Iran mean?

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Dangers of overgeneralizations Cannot assume everybody in a culture behaves the same way Infrequent actions should not be used to characterize a culture We should not ignore that nonverbal behaviors are part of complex communication processes

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How do we communicate with those we don’t know? Leonard Zunin (The First Four Minutes, 1972) Three common behaviours: which side of the path” look I acknowledge you” look Look—away priority”