Anthro 2050 1st Edition Exam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 12 - 20 Lecture 12 Intro to Primates 1) What is gene flow? What is its effect on variation? through immigrants from one population to another, introducing new alleles to a population. 2) What is genetic drift? What is its effect on variation within and between populations? random sampling and fluctuating of gene frequencies from one generation to the next. Seen frequently in very small populations. 3) What is founder effect? a small subset of a population breaks off to make their own population. Suddenly, and traits not in these individuals are not in the new populations, and traits they do have become more common than in the original population 4) Why do we study primates? Because in evolution they are our closest current relatives 5) What are the three groups of mammals? Where do primates fit? Monotremes- egg laying mammals, Marsupials- infants complete development in an external pouch, Placental- fetus develops in a longer gestation inside the body and are raised on mothers' milk after birth (primates fall under placental) Lecture 13 Characteristics of Primates 1) What characteristics define the primate order? General hand structure, clavicle, reliance on vision, small litters, large brains, social learning 2) Where do primates live? Mostly in Africa and South Asia 3) What are the main types of primate locomotion? Brachial, Bipedal, Quadrupedal, Knuckle Walking 4) TAXONOMY: There is a tree that keeps turning up in lecture. Know all the groups listed on it. Most go down to the family level, but know Old World monkeys and apes down to the subfamily level. Lecture 14 Strepsirhines 1) Are mostly nocturnal, have large ears for hearing and use scent to signal to others. They include Lemurs, Lorises, Bushbabies, Tarsiers, and Aye-Ayes. It is important to know the characteristics of each that make them unique. For example, that the Lemurs are the only Strepsirhines that are not nocturnal, or that Tarsiers are the only purely carnivorous primates, living only off of insects. Lecture 15 New World Monkeys They live in South and Central America, and are characterized by their flat, upwards turned nostrils. They are all arboreal and some have prehensile tails for grasping the branches. Capuchins are exceptionally bright compared with other New World Monkeys, and even display tool usage. Howler monkeys are also interesting, due to their well developed hyoids which allows them to make very loud sounds, giving them