{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1027068"], "description"=>"<div><p>Recently, several studies have been carried out on the direct control of behavior in insects and other lower animals in order to apply these behaviors to the performance of specialized tasks in an attempt to find more efficient means of carrying out these tasks than artificial intelligence agents. While most of the current methods cause involuntary behavior in animals by electronically stimulating the corresponding brain area or muscle, we show that, in turtles, it is also possible to control certain types of behavior, such as movement trajectory, by evoking an appropriate voluntary instinctive behavior. We have found that causing a particular behavior, such as obstacle avoidance, by providing a specific visual stimulus results in effective control of the turtle's movement. We propose that this principle may be adapted and expanded into a general framework to control any animal behavior as an alternative to robotic probes.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["biotechnology", "Bioengineering", "Biological systems engineering", "Biomimetics", "Bionics", "Computational biology", "systems biology", "neuroscience", "Neuroethology", "Zoology", "Animal behavior", "Herpetology", "Control engineering", "Control systems", "Mechanical engineering", "robotics", "untrained", "turtles", "controlling"], "article_id"=>684537, "categories"=>["Information And Computing Sciences", "Engineering", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Serin Lee", "Cheol-Hu Kim", "Dae-Gun Kim", "Han-Guen Kim", "Phill-Seung Lee", "Hyun Myung"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061798", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>3, "page_views"=>26, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Remote_Guidance_of_Untrained_Turtles_by_Controlling_Voluntary_Instinct_Behavior_/684537", "title"=>"Remote Guidance of Untrained Turtles by Controlling Voluntary Instinct Behavior", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>2, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:15:37"}

{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1027061"], "description"=>"<p>(A) To examine the turtle's visual obstacle recognition, an experimental arena was equipped with a camera and two movable cylinders as obstacles (shown from the side view and from above). The dimensions of the arena, surrounding walls, and obstacles are indicated. (B) Experiments performed on the laboratory floor area (with the dimensions indicated) are shown in the drawing. The placements of the turtle, obstacle, and tracking system are shown. (C) The embedded control system to block the turtle's view is shown in the drawing. The servo motor controls the positioning of the semi-cylinder obstacle (in the image, it is positioned directly in front of the turtle). The red circle on the controller tracked by the simple tracking algorithm was regarded as the location of the turtle. (D) The turtle was remotely controlled to follow the desired path by alternating the visual angle of the obstacle between ±180 (no stimulus) and ±90 degrees (<a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0061798#pone.0061798.s001\" target=\"_blank\">Movie S1</a>).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["biotechnology", "Bioengineering", "Biological systems engineering", "Biomimetics", "Bionics", "Computational biology", "systems biology", "neuroscience", "Neuroethology", "Zoology", "Animal behavior", "Herpetology", "Control engineering", "Control systems", "Mechanical engineering", "robotics", "remote-controlled", "tracking"], "article_id"=>684530, "categories"=>["Information And Computing Sciences", "Engineering", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Serin Lee", "Cheol-Hu Kim", "Dae-Gun Kim", "Han-Guen Kim", "Phill-Seung Lee", "Hyun Myung"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061798.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Depiction_of_experimental_remote_controlled_visual_stimulus_delivery_and_tracking_systems_/684530", "title"=>"Depiction of experimental remote-controlled visual stimulus delivery and tracking systems.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:15:30"}

{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1027065"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Each movement trajectory was translated to place the location at which the stimulus was given at the origin, and then rotated so that its tangential line at that location coincides with the y-axis. The red lines represent the trajectories after the visual stimuli were provided. The black lines describe the trajectories before the stimuli. The angle of the obstacle is indicated numerically and by the image of the semi-cylinder. Two black dotted lines show orientation and comparison (n = 10–21). (B) The radii of curvature (RoC) of the red trajectories in (A) are plotted by mean and standard deviation, although they were not always normally distributed. (C) The average turning velocities (ATV) of the trajectories are plotted and analyzed as described for the RoC in (B). (D) To measure the turning behavior, a turning distance vector was defined as shown in this figure (see text for details).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["biotechnology", "Bioengineering", "Biological systems engineering", "Biomimetics", "Bionics", "Computational biology", "systems biology", "neuroscience", "Neuroethology", "Zoology", "Animal behavior", "Herpetology", "Control engineering", "Control systems", "Mechanical engineering", "robotics", "movements"], "article_id"=>684534, "categories"=>["Information And Computing Sciences", "Engineering", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Serin Lee", "Cheol-Hu Kim", "Dae-Gun Kim", "Han-Guen Kim", "Phill-Seung Lee", "Hyun Myung"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061798.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>7, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Relationship_between_a_turtle_s_movements_and_visual_angle_to_the_obstacle_/684534", "title"=>"Relationship between a turtle's movements and visual angle to the obstacle.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:15:34"}