UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
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THE AUTHORS GUILD, INC., et al.,
:
:
Plaintiffs,
:
:
- against :
:
HATHITRUST, et al.,
:
:
Defendants.
:
:
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Index No. 11 Civ. 6351 (HB)
DECLARATION OF JAN TERJE HELMLI
I, Jan Terje Helmli, hereby declare as follows:
1.
I am the General Counsel for Norsk Faglitterær Forfatter- og Oversetterforening
(The Norwegian Non-Fiction Writers and Translators Association) (the “NFF”), one of the
plaintiffs in the above-captioned action.
2.
I submit this declaration in support of Plaintiffs’ motion for summary judgment. I
have personal knowledge of the facts set forth in this Declaration and could testify competently
at a hearing or trial if called upon to do so.
3.
The NFF is Norway’s union for nonfiction writers, representing 5,400 authors and
translators. It represents its members’ professional interests by, among other activities,
negotiating minimum-term agreements with book publishers and others, negotiating conditions
for copying books in schools, libraries and elsewhere, and providing legal assistance to its
members in negotiations and conflicts regarding literary rights.
The Works At Issue
4.
Upon information and belief, Defendants have digitized without authority many
books by NFF members (the “NFF Works”), including at least two books by Trond Andreassen
and Helge Ronning, plaintiffs in the instant action and the General Secretary and former
President, respectively, of the NFF.
Harm Resulting From Defendants’ Use Of The Works
5.
The NFF agreed to join this lawsuit as an associational plaintiff after learning that
print copies of NFF Works and millions of other copyrighted books were digitized and being
used as part of the Google Library Project, and that Defendants planned to begin making digital
copies of purported “orphan works” available for free.
6.
I have reviewed the declarations of T.J. Stiles, Trond Andreassen and Helge
Ronning who are authors and plaintiffs in this litigation. I agree with and incorporate by
reference the description in those declarations of the various harms and potential harms that
result from Defendants’ unauthorized digitization and use of copyrighted works. Those
descriptions need not be repeated here in full, but can be summarized as follows.
7.
First, each digital copy of an NFF Work that is created by Defendants without
purchase or license represents a lost sale to the associated rightsholder. Defendants could have
purchased a copy but instead had it scanned without compensating the copyright owner. For
example, the libraries could have worked with the NFF and/or Kopinor (the Reprographic Rights
Organization for Norway) to negotiate a collective license agreement to digitize and make
various uses of works of Norwegian authors, but instead they simply digitized and use them
without authorization or compensating authors.
8.
Second, Defendants’ storage of the NFF Works in an online digital repository
exposes that property to security risks for which the rightsholders receive no commensurate
remuneration. Unauthorized access to copyrighted books leading to widespread piracy would
gravely impact the market for those works.
2
9.
Third, Defendants’ various uses of the NFF Works undermine various licensing
opportunities for rightsholders. For example, authors routinely grant online distributors like
Amazon a license to index their books and make them searchable as part of a commercial
arrangement targeted at promoting book sales. Defendants do the same thing, but without a
license and without the search function being part of an effort to sell the books and provide
revenue to the author. Defendants also permit the books to be used for non-consumptive
research, an emerging field that represents another potential licensing stream for authors.
10.
Fourth, Defendants’ mass digitization and orphan works programs undercut
opportunities for authors to generate royalty streams by entering into collective licensing
agreements. In Norway, the National Library is in the process of digitizing the complete national
literary heritage, not limited to works that are in the public domain. Rights were cleared through
an agreement (the “Kopinor Agreement”) between the National Library of Norway and Kopinor,
on behalf of tens of thousands of Norwegian authors, including members of NFF. In exchange
for granting rights to the National Library, authors receive NOK 0.56 per page (approximately
$0.09) per year. A copy of the Kopinor Agreement is attached hereto as Exhibit A. Defendants
have undertaken similar activities as those licensed by the Kopinor Agreement, but they have not
agreed to compensate authors for the use of their works or to provide any of the protections
contained in the Kopinor Agreement.
11.
Fifth, making books available through the Orphan Works Project will directly
undermine efforts to revive out of print books and will impact future sales of such books.
12.
In short, Defendants activities have harmed or have the potential to cause
enormous harm to the rights of authors.
3
EXHIBIT A
Contract regarding the digital dissemination of books (Bokhylla / The Bookshelf)
between
The National Library of Norway
on the one hand,
and
Kopinor
on behalf of the members of
The Norwegian Specialized Press Association, The
Norwegian Association of Fine Arts Photographers, GRAFILL
The
The
Norwegian Organisation for Visual Communication, The
iety of composers
and lyricists, The Norwegian Association of Professional Photographers, The Norwegian NonAssociation, The Norwegian Union of Journalists, The
n, The
The Norwegian Association of Literary Translators, The Association of Norwegian
Norwegian Writers for
Children, The
s
on the other hand.
THE SCOPE OF THE CONTRACT
§1
This is a pilot contract regarding the Bokhylla (Bookshelf) project. The project relates to printed books
published in Norway during the years 1790-1799, 1890-1899 and 1990-1999, including translated
literature. This contract regulates that part of the copyright-protected material covered by the project,
up to 50 000 books with an estimated average of 185 pages.
§2
Subject to the conditions stated in this contract
1,
the National Library of Norway is given the right to make available published copyright-protected
material. This right includes the necessary reproduction of viewing copies based on the digital storage
copies that the National Library of Norway makes pursuant to the regulations issued pursuant to the
Norwegian Copyright Act (FOR 21.12.2001 no. 1563 (§ 1-3)). The contract applies to Norwegian and
foreign publications whose rightsholders are represented by Kopinor, cf Act no. 2 of 12 May 1961 (the
Norwegian Copyright Act) and competition law rules.
The provision stated in the first paragraph means, pursuant to section 16a, cf section 36 (extended
collective licence) of the Norwegian Copyright Act, that published materials created by rightsholders
that Kopinor does not represent are also covered by the contract.
AG 0004039
HOW THE MATERIAL CAN BE MADE AVAILABLE
§3
Norwegian IP addresses.
§4
The material is to be made available as individual pages in a digital format to be viewed on a computer
screen. The users will be able to search in the text and search for covers, title pages and tables of
contents, as well as to browse sequentially through individual pages. No arrangements are to be made
for downloading or printing the material until the copyright-protected period has expired.
The material will be made searchable via search engines, and solutions to provide information on
where the material can be borrowed or bought will be implemented.
CREDITING OF AUTHORS BY NAME, ETC.
§5
The name of the creator of the work and the
title and source are to be stated in the manner
required by proper usage, cf section 3, section 43a, third subsection and section 11 of the Norwegian
Copyright Act.
RIGHT TO WITHDRAW WORK
§6
Kopinor may withdraw individual work from the scope of the contract during the contract period.
REMUNERATION
§7
An annual amount of NOK 0.56 (in 2009) per page made available is to be paid.
§8
The payment per page is to be adjusted by Kopinor annually on 31 December in accordance with
this. The adjustment is to be made on the basis of the change in the consumer price index from 15
October of last year until 15 October of this year, and correspondingly for future years.
§9
The National Library of Norway is to be invoiced for the prevailing number of pages that have been
made available. The parties are to agree further on the date for reporting and invoicing the pages that
must be paid for. For 2009, a payment is to be made for 8/12 of the year.
AG 0004040
BREACH OF THE CONTRACT AND DAMAGES
§ 10
Should the contract be breached, a period of 30 days from the date when written notification of this is
received is allowed for rectification.
§ 11
Should a party fundamentally breach the contract and the matter not be rectified pursuant to § 10, the
other party may terminate the contract with immediate effect. Termination is to be declared in writing,
stating the grounds for the termination. Damages for breach of contract may be claimed irrespective of
whether or not the contract is terminated.
§ 12
By entering into this contract, the rightsholders have not renounced their right to claim damages and
bring a civil action against the National Library of Norway for copying that is not permitted by this
contract. If the National Library of Norway has paid a claim from Kopinor relating to such copying,
Kopinor undertakes to pay
claims regarding this utilisation.
§ 13
Should this contract be terminated or expire, the National Library of Norway is obliged to remove from
all copyright-protected materials that cannot,
pursuant to the law or a separate contract with rightsholders, be made available.
OTHER PROVISIONS
§ 14
Kopinor is obliged to pay any claims for payment or damages that the National Library of Norway
receives from Norwegian or foreign rightsholders in so far as the claims relate to a copying or making
available of materials that has been paid for and carried out in accordance with this contract
provisions, cf otherwise section 37 of the Norwegian Copyright Act. The National Library of Norway is
not obliged to pay such claims and Kopinor shall indemnify the National Library of Norway for any
claims regarding costs incurred by the National Library of Norway in connection with such a claim.
Should a claim be received, the National Library of Norway is to reject the claim and refer the claimant
to Kopinor. Claims are not to be paid without consultation with Kopinor. In the case of any dispute
regarding the claim, Kopinor is entitled to intervene.
§ 15
The National Library of Norway and Kopinor are entitled to publish this contract.
§ 16
The parties will continue to cooperate on information about the service. Any external costs resulting
from this are to be agreed on between the parties.
AG 0004041
§ 17
Pursuant to further agreement, the National Library of Norway will, if requested by Kopinor (on behalf
of a specific rightsholder or a representative of this rightsholder), make available high-resolution
digital copies of the material covered by the contract.
§ 18
The National Library of Norway will, in so far as possible, give Kopinor access to the necessary
statistics for use in distributing the remuneration.
EVALUATION
§ 19
The parties agree to appoint a common committee that is to evaluate the Bokhylla project during the
contract period and upon the expiry of the contract. The costs of any external evaluation will be
divided 50/50 between the parties.
DISPUTE RESOLUTION
§ 20
During the contract period, attempts are first to be made to resolve through negotiations between the
parties any dispute between the parties to the contract regarding its interpretation or existence, a
breach of the contract or a claim that in some other way is based on a contract between the parties
relating to copying.
Should such negotiations fail to succeed, either party may demand that the dispute be resolved
through arbitration. The Arbitration Tribunal is to be composed of three members. The parties are
each to appoint one member and are to jointly appoint a chair. Should the parties fail to agree on a
chairman, this person is to be appointed by the president of the Norwegian Bar Association.
Otherwise, the provisions stipulated in the Norwegian Arbitration Act shall apply.
The parties may each petition for mediation pursuant to section 38 of the Norwegian Copyright Act.
THE DURATION OF THE CONTRACT
§ 21
The contract is valid until 31 December 2011 inclusive, unless the parties agree that the contract is to
be prolonged.
AG 0004042
Two
2
copies of this contract have been prepared and each of the parties is to retain one copy.
Oslo, 23 April 2009
For the National Library of Norway
For Kopinor
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
Vigdis Moe Skarstein
Yngve Slettholm
National Librarian
Executive Director
AG 0004043

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