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Effectiveness research occurs when passive observational methods are used to evaluate the beneficial effects of clinical treatments. Passive observational methods involve the use of methods that do not disrupt, interfere, or modify the psychological processes under examination. Clinical treatments are generally considered to have demonstrated “effectiveness” when the beneficial effects of the treatments have been replicated a number of times in effectiveness research. Although the primary focus in effectiveness research is to evaluate the beneficial effects of clinical treatments, it can also be used to evaluate the detrimental effects of clinical treatments.

Origins of Effectiveness Research

Efficacy research (as opposed to effectiveness research) is generally considered the gold standard in treatment outcome research and involves the use of experimental methods to evaluate the beneficial effects of clinical ...