CHAPTER 37: BETWEEN THE HERMITAGE AND THE HOSPITAL OF ST. MARY, ROUNCEVAL (SITES OF NOS. 1 TO 15, WHITEHALL)

The frontage between the hermitage and the Hospital of St. Mary,
Rounceval, seems to have been first built upon about the year 1400. A
document of Westminster Abbey (fn. n1) giving the rents received by the Chapel
of St. Mary in 1392–4 mentions the receipt of 12d. in respect of a certain
vacant place lying between "Rouncevale" and the hermitage. In the
account for 1405–6 (fn. n2) is an item concerning ten shops at "Charryng"
belonging to the sacristan, which appear in the account for 1411–2 (fn. n3) as ten
shops near "Rouncyvall" demised to the sacristan, and in a statement of
receipts for the years following 1413 (fn. n4) the ten shops are specified as "inter
Rouncyvall et heremitagium." On 31st August, 1487, the Abbot of
Westminster leased (fn. n5) to John "Hareys" nine tenements situated together
near "Charyngcrosse" with gardens adjoining, abutting on "le Rouncevall"
on the north, on the garden of "le Rouncevall" on the east, on the ground
called "Scotlond" on the south, and on the royal way leading from
"Rouncevall" to Westminster on the west. No dimensions are given, but
these are supplied in a lease of the same property to John Henbury on 19th
December, 1519, (fn. n6) in which the premises are said to contain in length
along the street to the chapel or hermitage of St. Katherine 167 feet 3
inches, and in width from the street eastward next the chapel 143 feet,
extended westward "triangulariter" near the estate ("fundum") of St.
Mary of "Rouncevall" and next the estate opposite called "le Scotlond,"
203 feet. The length of 167 feet from the centre of the entrance into
Craig's Court, representing the original northern boundary of Hornebolte's
house, on the hermitage property (see p. 226), takes us to the northern
boundary of No. 1, Whitehall, which from other considerations can be
shown to be the southern limit of the Rounceval property on the street frontage.

On 18th May, 1531, Henry VIII, who had acquired the freehold
from Westminster Abbey, purchased (fn. n7) Henbury's interest, and at once
proceeded to pull down and rebuild the houses. (fn. n8)

Site of the former No. 20, Charing Cross. On 14th March, 1547–8,
Edward VI granted (fn. n9) to William Delahey a 21 years' lease of a messuage
then in the latter's tenure. The Ministers' Accounts show that the premises
had formerly been on lease to John Wylton and John Ibleton. Subsequently
Robert Gardiner, "sergant of her mats seller," obtained a reversionary grant
for 21 years. (fn. n10) No record of a grant in perpetuity has been found, but his
grandson Richard was distinctly under the impression that Robert was
"lawefullye seised in his Demeane as of fee" in the messuage, when on
26th May, 1565, he granted a 25 years' lease of it to Thomas Putterell,
then in occupation. The property was described as "ioyninge on a Tenement then in the Tenure of one Peter Nicholson on the south parte, and the
Tenement … of William Horsley on the north parte, and adioyninge upon
a Tenement … of John Rede on the east parte, and the street Leadinge
betwene Charinge Crosse and Westm' palac on the west parte." The
property descended to Robert Gardiner's son, Richard, on whose death in
1594 it came to the latter's son, Richard. In 1609–10 Sir John Parker, who
had a lease of the adjoining house, formerly of Horsley, "not beinge Contented wth soe much as was in the tenure of the sayd William Horsley,"
had encroached on what Gardiner considered his freehold, and, moreover,
put forward a claim on behalf of the King to the whole of Gardiner's premises.
The result was the suit (fn. n11) in which Gardiner, David Hughes and Edmond
Newsham, (fn. n12) the two latter being Gardiner's tenants, were the defendants,
and which has given us the valuable plan of this and the adjoining property
in 1610 (Plate 110).

A few words on this plan are called for. The signature at the bottom
is illegible save for the word "Robt.," but from the depositions in the suit it
appears that the author was Robert Tresswell. It shows the whole of the
premises between "Scotland" and Rounceval. The two centre houses
marked "Sir John Parker "and "Mr Gardyner," and shown in ground plan,
are described with some exactness, but the plan was probably not intended to
show the rest of the houses with meticulous accuracy, and while giving a true
general impression cannot be relied upon in details. None of the measurements
(except of the two centre houses) agrees with the facts save that of 143 feet
from the street to the north-east corner of "The Armitage." The latter is
represented with an eastern boundary roughly parallel to the line of the
street, but this is very wide of the mark, for its south-east corner was really
about 220 feet from the street, and the appearance of the plot is therefore
misleading. Moreover, the wall of "Scotland" was not straight as shown
on the plan. The plan reproduced on p. 218 shows that the eastern half of the
Scotland Yard boundary had two noticeable "kinks," and there was an
even more prominent one (see p. 224) near the western end. It is probable,
however, that the number of houses shown is accurate.

Apparently Parker's contention that Gardiner had no right to the
house was upheld, for on 21st March, 1610–11, the King granted it in
perpetuity at a rent of 20s. a year to Robert Elliot and William Awdeley.
The latter, on 14th June, 1611, transferred their interest to Sir John Parker,
who surrendered the property, (fn. n13) and on 17th March, 1611–12, received from
the King a fresh grant in perpetuity at the same rent. (fn. n14) There is some
evidence that the house was shortly afterwards rebuilt. (fn. n15) Parker's property
descended to his nephew, Sir Thomas Parker, who in his will, dated 28th
March, 1653, left (fn. n16) it to George, his eldest son. In 1663–4 George Parker
sold the premises to James "Crag." (fn. n17) In his will dated 11th November,
1669, (fn. n18) James "Cragg," of Westminster, cook, mentions three messuages
"neere Charinge Crosse." The one, "knowne by the name of the Talbott,
wherein I formerly lived," he left to his wife for life and afterwards to his
son Joseph. The other two, "the one in the occupation of Mr Alexander
Cully and the other called the Cheshire house," he left to Joseph. The latter
are to be equated with the two portions of the adjoining house to the north,
formerly occupied by Sir John Parker, and The Talbot must therefore be
the house now in question. The frontage is shown on the plan of 1610 as
21 feet, but that of the later No. 20, Charing Cross, to which the house
corresponded, was only about 15 feet. The evidence of the ratebooks
suggests that the house was rebuilt at the time of the formation of Craig's
Court, and it thus appears that about 6 feet of the frontage was utilised for
the entrance into the court.

One of the earliest occupiers of the newly built house was George
Dewell, (fn. n19) who is shown there from 1707 to 1722. His widow continued
at the house until 1731, when she was succeeded by Paul Fourdrinier,
whose family occupied the premises until 1810.

The site is now covered by the building of the National Bank (No. 15,
Whitehall).

Site of the former No. 19, Charing Cross. On 14th March, 1547–8,
the King granted (fn. n20) to William Horsley a 21 years' lease of a messuage
then in the latter's tenure. The Ministers' Accounts show that the original
lessee had been John Payne. Horsley, on 5th December, 1562, received
a new lease for 21 years, and on 17th June, 1573, a reversionary lease, also
for 21 years, from Michaelmas, 1583, was granted to Katherine Hampton,
who parted with her interest to John Ruff, who had married Horsley's
widow, Frances. Ruff died, and his widow married Thomas Walker, who
in 1590 applied for a fresh lease. The report on the application states that
the "now Tennante hath well repayred of late the said houses otherwise than
common Fermors do use to doe, And I finde the now Tennante ready to
pull downe the backe parte of the building of the sayd house, for that the
same building ys a very weake buildinge, And he will newe builde the same
agayne at his owne Costes." (fn. n21) A lease for 33 years was granted to Frances,
now for the third time a widow, on 26th April, 1591, and on 25th September,
1601, she obtained a fresh lease for 50 years, on condition that she would
spend £60 in repair and rebuilding within the space of four years. (fn. n22) On the
following day Frances conveyed (fn. n23) to her son-in-law, Thomas Hibbots, and
Anne, his wife, all her "leases, Takings, goods & Chattles whatsoever."
The reasons she gave for this step were that Hibbots had "disbursed for me
the some of One hundred Markes … about the Repayringe of the house
wherein I nowe dwell and in procuring a lease thereof for me and in my name
… and did also heretofore redeeme my ould lease of the same house Wch was
mortgaged by my late husband, Thomas Walker, and forfeyted to Mary
James of London, widdowe, and also hath lente unto me diverse Somes of
monye and bynn at Chardges Wth me during the Tyme of my long sicknes,
And hath undertaken to pay unto Michaell Harrison, yoman, such mony as
I doe owe him." Moreover the transfer was to be in satisfaction "of all such
legacies as I am to paye unto the said Thomas in right of his wife, Wch are
severallye due unto her by the late wills and Testamts of William Horseley
and John Ruffe deceased, my former husbands."

On 21st June, 1608, Hibbots sold (fn. n24) the lease to Sir John Parker,
who, on 6th June, 1609, obtained (fn. n25) a fresh lease for 60 years. He is shown
in the ratebooks as succeeding Hibbots in 1609, and his name continues
until 1617. On 5th February, 1629–30, Thomas Cary obtained a grant (fn. n26)
of this, among other property, for a term of 41 years after the expiry of
Parker's lease.

Sir John Parker

In 1651 the premises comprised two buildings, which in May of
that year were described as follows: (fn. n27)

"The Marmayde Taverne. (fn. n28) —All that Taverne or Tenemt
Comonly called … the Mermayd Taverne lying … nere Charing
Crosse … Consisting of an entrie at the Comeing in of the said
Taverne of 58 feete in length from the Street backewards and three
feete in breadth, consisting of one Taverne Roome and one Kitchen
wth a Sellar under neath ye same, and above staires in the first Storie
two Roomes, and in the second storie two Roomes, and over the
same Two Garretts, the ground whereon the said House stands wth
a small Court yard Contayning forty eight feete in length, and in
breadth thirteene feete & ½, standing betweene the House of Sr
Thomas Parker South, and the House in the occupacion of Alice
Gifford north, and abutting on the ground of Sir Roger Palmer
on the East, and a House now the signe of the Crowne on the West,
now in the occupacion of one Mr George Oldfeild, and is worth
per Annum xx li.

"The Crowne—All that Tenement built wth Timber and
Flemish wall and Covered with Tile, commonly called … the
Crowne scittuate … as aforesaid, and adioyning to the aforesaid
Tenemt, consisting of one faire shopp, and a Kitchen behind the
same Paved wth Purbeck stone, well fitted and ioynted, and one
Celler underneath the same, and above staires one faire Dyning
Roome next to the Street, and one Chamber, and a Clossett behind
the same, and in ye second storie two Chambers and two Clossetts,
and over the same a Garrett, divided into three Chambers. Also
one small sincke or Back-Court wth a Shedd there about tenn feete
square, now in the occupacion of Mr Malue, (fn. n29) and is worth per
Annum xl li."

In 1678 the premises were included (fn. n30) in the Manor of Westminster
granted to Sheldon and Charlton, who on 26th February, 1678–9, leased (fn. n31)
them to Thomas Slaughter, in trust for Joseph "Cragg." (fn. n32) They are
described as "a messuage" formerly in the occupation of Horsley, and leased
to Parker and Cary. Whether the use of "messuage" in the singular had
anything to do with it or not, it is a fact that when in 1752 Philip Craig
applied for a fresh lease, only one of the two houses was treated as coming
under the lease, the house in the rear passing as Craig's freehold.

Craig stated in his application (fn. n33) that the front house "having been
built near 80 years" (fn. n34) had become old and ruinous, and would require
rebuilding in a few years. At that time the widening of the street in front
of the premises was in contemplation (see appendix), but no decision had been
reached as to which side was to be set back. In view of the possibility, therefore, that Craig's house might be wanted, consideration of his petition was
deferred until 1758, when on 30th November he obtained a new lease for
50 years. In 1799 General Francis Craig applied for a further lease. The
house was then said to be in the occupation of John Stevenson, hairdresser,
and was described as brick built, containing kitchen offices in the basement
storey, with three square storeys above and garrets, and to need an expenditure
of £200 on substantial repairs. General Craig obtained on 9th June, 1800,
a reversionary lease for 51 years and 126 days. In 1829 the freehold of the
house, with others, was transferred to the Vicar of St. Martin-in-the-Fields.

Site of the former Nos. 16–18, Charing Cross.—In the Ministers'
Accounts for 1534–5 (fn. n35) we meet with two tenements, leased to Peter Cutler
and John Simpson, the history of which for over a century ran separately.

(i) On 6th October, 1546, a grant for life was made (fn. n36) to John Whatton,
mole-catcher to the King, (fn. n37) of Cutler's tenement, and on 17th June, 1573,
a reversionary lease for 21 years was granted to Katherine Hampton, (fn. n38) who
on the following day sold (fn. n39) her interest to Whatton. The latter died on
27th May, 1579, and in 1588 John Gardiner, who had acquired the
reversionary lease, surrendered it and applied for a fresh one. The tenement
was said to be in great ruin and decay. Gardiner, on 22nd June, 1588,
obtained a new lease for 31 years. (fn. n40) On 8th December, 1631, the tenement
was granted (fn. n41) in perpetual fee farm to William Collins and Edward Fenn, who,
on 12th June, 1632, together with Sir William Russell, sold (fn. n42) property
at Charing Cross to Humphrey Chambers and Arnold Spencer, and the
two latter on 2nd June, 1638, parted with it to Valentine Saunders, junior,
under the title of all that tenement situated in a certain street near Charing
Cross late in the tenure of Peter Cutler. (fn. n43)

(ii) Meanwhile on 14th March, 1547–8, a 21 years' lease had been
granted (fn. n44) to Nicholas Urshaw ("Ursheus") of what was certainly Simpson's
tenement. (fn. n45) On 13th January, 1560–1, he obtained a new lease for the
same period, (fn. n46) and on 24th October, 1573, a reversionary lease, also for
21 years. Urshaw died in April, 1575, (fn. n47) and his widow conveyed her interest
to Thomas Smith and Rebecca his wife. (fn. n48) Smith, who was one of the grooms
of the Queen's scullery, surrendered the lease, and on 9th January, 1589–90,
obtained a fresh lease for 30 years. On his death Rebecca married Ralph
Harwood, who, with Silvester Harwood, on 24th February, 1604–5, conveyed
the lease to Anthony Hill. (fn. n49) In the following year (2nd August, 1606) Hill
obtained a fresh lease for 60 years. On 14th September, 1631, the premises
were granted in perpetual fee farm to Sir Henry Browne and John Cliffe,
junior, (fn. n50) who on 7th September, 1640, assigned (fn. n51) to Sir James Harrington
"all that Messuage … sometymes in the tenure … of Thomas Smyth and
nowe or late … of Anthony Hill." (fn. n52)

We now reach the period when for a time the two properties seem
to have been combined. In an assignment (fn. n53) dated 22nd February, 1648–9,
by Valentine Saunders and others to Sir William Brownlowe of a number
of messuages and tenements, all but three of which are identifiable as representing the sites of Nos. 11–15, Charing Cross, are included: "One other
Tenemt then or late in the tenure of Henry Hodgould, … And one other
Tenemt in the tenure of the sayd Henry Hodgould Wherein hee then lived
… And one other Tenemt then or late in the tenure of John Smythes."
Whether or no "John Smythes" is a mistake for "Thomas Smithes," it is
certain that "Henry Hodgould" is a misreading of "Henry Lidgold."
Lidgold's two houses are shown by the ratebooks to have been situated
respectively in the north and south portions of the combined property, and
it therefore appears that Valentine Saunders had obtained possession of the
Urshaw tenement as well as Cutler's. Whatever their interim history may
have been, both the properties were on 25th September, 1658, in the
ownership of Thomas Browne and Lettice his wife. On that date they sold
to Francis Seagood two messuages, one "now or late in the tenure … of
Thomas Smithes" (i.e. the Urshaw tenement), and the other "now or late
in the tenure … of Henry Lidgold, All which premisses or some part thereof
was … heretofore in the occupacion of one Peter Cutler." (fn. n54)

The property seems now to have been split up again, and we hear
nothing more of the southern portion of it until 1717 (see below). On 3rd
June, 1706, Seagood's grandson, George, sold the northern portion to
Charles Wright. (fn. n55) It is described as consisting of the messuage "now in the
tenure … of Richard Crofts, (fn. n56) commonly called … the Rumer Taverne, (fn. n57)
containing in breadth in the front next Charing Crosse nineteen feet …
abutting South in the front part … on a messuage … now or late in the
tenure … of William Rogers, a poulterer, and North in the front part …
on a messuage … now or late in the tenure … of John Diton a haberdasher
of hatts, the said messuage … in the back part … abutting North on a
Certaine Messuage … now the Fountaine Taverne, now or late in the
tenure … of James Erwin … and South on a messuage … now or late
in the tenure … of John Crips, Victualler."

On 2nd June, 1719, Wright sold (fn. n58) The Rummer to John Robinson
and Richard Arnold, and on 28th February, 1733–4, Ann Robinson (John's
widow) transferred (fn. n59) it to William Robinson. It was then described as "all
that Messuage … now in the tenure … of Richard Haddock, comonly
called … the Turks Head (fn. n60) and was lately the Rummer Tavern, (fn. n61) and the
Room and Shop lying under the Chamber, part of the said Messuage."
In 1767 William Robinson's widow and daughter sold (fn. n62) to Lancelot Reed
and John Holliday the messuage formerly of Richard Haddock, afterwards of Elizabeth Haddock, "and now or late in the Tenure … of Sophia
Lenoy (fn. n63) … formerly called … the Turk's Head, but now used as … a
Bagnio." It was known as The Royal Bagnio in 1789. (fn. n64)

At the beginning of the nineteenth century the premises were
occupied by Francis Place, tailor and radical reformer. (fn. n65) In 1801 Place
removed from No. 29, Charing Cross, to "a much larger and more conspicuous shop … at No. 16, Charing Cross," (fn. n66) where he remained until 1817,
when he handed over the business to his eldest son. The premises apparently
included No. 17 at the rear.

No record of the sale by Seagood of the southern portion has
been found, but in 1717 it was in the possession of Thomas Tatlock.
A deed of 18th July in that year (fn. n67) relates to two freehold messuages,
one behind the other, in the tenure of Thomas Lawson, hosier, and Francis
Cripps, (fn. n68) victualler, and a later deed of 1737, (fn. n69) relating to the same two,
describes them as "one of them now known by the Sign by the Roebuck,
and now or late in the tenure … of William Kelly, and the other known
by the Sign of the Golden Key and late in the tenure … of Thomas Jackson."
The property, which in frontage corresponded with the later No. 18, Charing
Cross, has not been further traced. A part of it in the latter portion of the
seventeenth century had been in the occupation of Charles Blount or Blunt,
a well-known bookseller, the sign of whose house was the Catherine Wheel. (fn. n70)

The site of the whole of the premises, as well as that of the two
adjoining on the south, comprising altogether Nos. 16 to 20, Charing Cross, is
now covered by the building of the National Bank, No. 15, Whitehall.

Site of the former Nos. 11–15, Charing Cross.—In the Ministers'
Accounts for 1534–5 (fn. n71) are three items relating to tenements leased to Nicholas
"Orsewe," Richard Bryce and William "Colle alias Pynner." On
11th February, 1540–1, Henry VIII granted (fn. n72) to Sebastian "le Sene," the
King's clockmaker, a tenement lately built by the King, in which Sebastian
was then living, together with a court or vacant place with garden adjoining
the tenement, bounded on the north by the house of Peter "le Deulx," on
the east by the garden of John Rede, on the south by the tenement inhabited
by Richard Germanus (apparently Bryce), jeweller, and on the west by the
main road from Westminster to "Charyng Crosse." Later Ministers'
Accounts show that the tenement in question, which was the northernmost
of the three, was that previously leased to "Orsewe." (fn. n73) They also show
that the tenement was afterwards granted to Duddy Bonner. (fn. n74) On 21st April,
1573, a reversionary lease was made to David de "Lay" for 21 years from
Lady Day, 1584, of the tenement late in the tenure of Duddy Bonner. (fn. n75)

The two other tenements were on 14th March, 1547–8, leased (fn. n76) for
21 years to Richard Atsell, to whom at the request of Don Diego de Cordi
a reversionary lease of 30 years was granted (fn. n77) by Philip and Mary on 14th
July, 1557. Atsell died in 1565, leaving to John Read the lease of his house
after the death of his wife. (fn. n78) On 21st April, 1573, David de Ley obtained a
lease for 21 years from Michaelmas 1599. The leases of all three tenements
were therefore in the hands of David de Ley, goldsmith, when on 15th February, 1606–7, new reversionary leases for 40 years were granted (fn. n79) to Thomas
Mery, chief clerk of the King's kitchen. On 5th February, 1629–30, Thomas
Cary, one of the grooms of the bedchamber, received a grant (fn. n80) of a reversionary
lease for 41 years (from 1660) of the two Atsell tenements, and on 10th April,
1639, his widow, Margaret, obtained a further lease for 41 years. (fn. n81)

On 22nd February, 1648–9, all the premises (the site of Sebastian's
tenement as well as of the two of Atsell), specified as in the tenure of Miles
Knight, gunsmith, Thomas Barnes, John Bevin, Thomas Darling and
John East, were assigned (fn. n82) by Valentine Saunders, Henry Barker and
Anthony Collins to Sir William Brownlowe for "all the residue and remainder
of yeares wch they … have therunto." Presumably Valentine Saunders had
acquired the leases.

In 1678 the whole was included in the Manor of Westminster granted
at the nomination of John Hall to Joseph Sheldon and Nicholas Charlton,
as "all that tenement nere Charinge Crosse, sometime in the tenure of
David de Ley … and all those two tenements, sometimes in the tenure of
Richard Atsell … and now held by — Browne, Cittizen of London, for
divers yeares yet to come."

On 23rd March, 1682–3, John Hall and Matthew Johnson conveyed (fn. n83)
the premises to Humphrey (afterwards Sir Humphrey) Edwin. They are
described in detail, and comprised: (i) The Three Tuns tavern, in the
occupation of William Packe, (fn. n84) 46 feet east to west and 37 feet north to south,
(ii) The Three Feathers, adjoining (i) and containing 66 feet east to west,
10 feet in front and 17 feet in the rear, in the tenure of Joseph Hopkins,
(iii) A messuage next to (ii), 50 feet east to west and 11½ feet in front in
the occupation of … Benson, (iv) A messuage next to (iii) 58 feet east to
west, 11½ feet in front and 7 feet in the rear, formerly in the occupation of
Miles Knight and then of … Hawgood, (v) A messuage on the south side
of (i) 37 feet from east to west and 10 feet north to south, then occupied by
… Davison, and (vi) The Golden Sword next to (v), 25 feet east to west
and 10 feet north to south, then in the occupation of Henry Davison or Jonas
"Grasses", (fn. n85) haberdasher. The property was subsequently divided between
John Edwin and Humphrey Edwin, the former obtaining the sites of
Nos. 11 and 14, Charing Cross, and the latter the sites of Nos. 12, 13
and 15.

On 4th December, 1738, Humphrey Edwin obtained a reversionary
lease of the latter property for 30 years from 1756. It then comprised four
houses, one (the later No. 15) in the occupation of John Lutwiche (abutting
south on the house of Richard Haddock, and corresponding to The Golden
Sword mentioned above); two in the occupation of Robert Sidey and
James Puech (corresponding to the houses of Davison and Benson in 1683); (fn. n86)
and one (the later No. 12) occupied by James Howard (abutting east and
south on Sidey's house, and north on the house of William Revis, and
corresponding to The Three Feathers in 1683). About 1750 the houses of
Sidey and Puech (then of Thomas Field and — Rook) were burnt down, and
were rebuilt as one house (the later No. 13). (fn. n87) On 26th May, 1759, Humphrey Edwin obtained a further reversionary lease to fill up his interest to
50 years. Nos. 13 and 15 are said to have become vested in his sister
Martha, who had married Sir Hew Dalrymple, and on 10th May, 1803,
their grandson, Sir Hew Dalrymple-Hamilton, obtained another lease of
these two houses for 53½ years from 5th April, 1808. The premises, occupied
by Mark Noble and John Rastrich, were in good repair, consisting of kitchen
offices in the basement and four square storeys above. (fn. n88)

The lease of No. 12 was on 29th January, 1777, sold to the occupier,
James Cullum, "sword cutler," (fn. n89) who on 15th August of the same year
obtained a Crown lease for a reversionary term of 18 years from 5th April,
1809. The lease came into the possession of Thomas Dawkins, cook, who
in 1816 applied for a fresh lease. When surveyed in 1821 the house, which
was an old one, consisted of kitchen offices in the basement with a vault
under the street and another under the yard, four square storeys above ground
and a garret in the front part of the roof. The plan then made of the premises
is here reproduced. A lease of 34½ years from 5th April, 1827, was
granted to Dawkins on 29th March, 1822.

Figure 44:

No. 12, Charing Cross in 1821.

Copied from plan in the possession of H.M.
Commissioners of Crown Lands

John Edwin on 15th September, 1738,
obtained a reversionary lease for 30 years as from
Christmas, 1756, of the two houses, afterwards Nos.
14 and 11, Charing Cross, described as (i) the messuage, formerly called the Prince William, now the
Rummer Tavern, in the occupation of Christopher
Finch (corresponding to The Three Tuns mentioned
in 1683), and (ii) the messuage, called "the Artichoak"
(corresponding to the house of Hawgood), and on
3rd March, 1772, a fresh lease for 33 years as from
5th January, 1787, of the two houses was granted
to Lewis Way and Thomas Corbett in trust for
Elizabeth, only daughter of Charles and Elizabeth
Dalrymple, only daughter of John Edwin.

Of these two houses the more important (fn. n90)
was No. 14, known successively as The Three Tuns (fn. n91),
The Fountain, (fn. n92) The Prince William (fn. n93) and The Rummer. As the last it
figures in Hogarth's engraving Night(fn. n94) (Plate 111), published in 1738.
The house continued to be known by
that name well into the nineteenth century. (fn. n95)

Figure 45:

No. 14, Charing Cross in 1822.

Copied from plan in the possession of H.M.
Commissioners of Crown Lands

In 1770 the house was said to be
"Chiefly Built with Timber and …
much out of repair, now in the occupation
of Mathias Walsh." (fn. n96) It was probably
not entirely rebuilt, for when it was surveyed
in May, 1811, in connection with an application from the Earl of Balcarres (who
had married Elizabeth Dalrymple) for a new
lease, it was reported to be "very old, and
the floors to be much out of the level."
It then consisted of cellars in the basement,
with three square storeys above the ground
and garrets in the roof, and a room in
the yard used as a bar covered with a
lead flat, and then in the occupation of
William Comyn. The plan made in 1822
is here reproduced.

The Artichoke (fn. n97) (No. 11) was in
1770 "an old Brick Messuage, in indifferent
condition … in the occupation of Willm
Woolaston."In 1780 the name had been
lost, for it is referred to (fn. n98) as a "Messuage … formerly called the
Artichoke." When surveyed in 1811 it was reported to be "very old,"
consisting of cellars in the basement and four square storeys above. The
plan made in 1822 is here reproduced.

All five of the houses were included in the exchange made in 1829
with the Vicar of St. Martin-in-the-Fields. The sites are now numbered
5 to 13, Whitehall.

Figure 46:

No. 11, Charing Cross in 1822.

Copied from plan in the possession of H.M.
Commissioners of Crown Lands

Site of the former Nos. 9–10, Charing Cross.
On 24th June, 1533, Thomas (afterwards Sir
Thomas) Heneage wrote (fn. n99) to Cromwell, intimating
the King's pleasure that Pero, his yeoman cook,
should have his dwelling in one of the new houses
at Charing Cross, and on 10th December, 1539, a
grant was made (fn. n100) to Perot "le Doulce," (fn. n101) cook
pro ore both to Henry VII and Henry VIII, of the
tenement in which "Perott" then lived, situated
among other tenements of the king near "Charyng
Crosse," between the Hospital of the Blessed Mary
of "Rouncedevalle" on the north and others of
the King's tenements on the south, on the highway
leading from the City of London to the vill of
Westminster on the west, and on the Cemetery of
the Hospital on the east. The grant was for 40
years from the following Lady Day.

By his will, (fn. n102) dated 14th July, 1555, "Petar
le Dowly" left to Ambrose "Gwynarte" the residue
of his estate. Ambrose Guenard died in November, 1558. (fn. n103) His will (fn. n104)
provided that the house in which he dwelt should be "devyded into
two partes … the one moietie therof lying towards the Wall of the
hous caled Rouncevall," i.e. the northern half, to be left to his wife,
Barbe, during her widowhood, and the other to his son Francis. It
is probable that a physical division of the premises was not intended: at
any rate there is no evidence that this took place so early. Francis Guenard
made several leases of the property to James Depree, the last being for the
remainder of the 40 years' term of the original grant. In spite of this, after
Guenard's death, John Fortune and William Jasper claimed the tenement
on the ground that they held a lease for the rest of the term, while Depree
on his side alleged that they had stolen his last indenture. (fn. n105) There is no
record of the result of the suit, but Depree managed to secure a reversionary
lease of the tenement, which had been granted (fn. n106) on 4th May, 1570, to Philip
Strelley for 21 years from 1580. Later on he surrendered this lease, and on
4th February, 1589–90, obtained a new lease for 31 years. (fn. n107) This was in turn
superseded by another lease for 40 years granted on 10th July, 1605, to
John Cokoe. (fn. n108) On 20th July Cokoe assigned his interest in the premises
to Eve Hickson, who on 20th September in the same year parted with it
to Gabriel Brewer, armourer. (fn. n109) Brewer was already in occupation, the
ratebooks showing him with "Widdowe Deprye" in 1597.

In 1610 Brewer seems to have applied for a new lease, (fn. n110) and in connection therewith called attention to the fact that the tenement was "in great
Ruine and Decay." This was confirmed, and the survey having disclosed
certain encroachments "made uppon the said Tenemt by other the neighbour
Tennants thereunto," a precise measurement was made, giving the following
details: length on the north side, 59 feet; length on the south side from
west to east 67 feet; width on the east side, 21 feet; width on the west side,
26 feet; width in the middle near "le Corner wall" on which a brick chimney
was built, from north to south 27 feet. (fn. n111)

On 19th October, 1628, Sir Nicholas Fortescue obtained (fn. n112) a lease
of the premises for 31 years from the expiry of Cokoe's term, and on the
following day assigned it to Richard Holt and William Carrill. The latter
on 16th March, 1629–30, parted with it to Gabriel Brewer.

On 14th September, 1631, a grant of the tenement of Peter Cook
in perpetual fee farm was made to Sir Henry Browne and John Cliffe,
jun., (fn. n113) who on 4th February in the following year assigned it to Holt and
Carrill. The latter on 16th December, 1651, sold it to Sir Henry Croke, (fn. n114)
who had already (28th January, 1650–1) purchased the fee farm rent. (fn. n115) We
therefore have at the end of 1651 Sir Henry Croke in possession of the
freehold and the heirs of Gabriel Brewer in the tenure of Fortescue's lease,
due to expire in 1676.

Brewer had divided the tenement into two houses, which in 1650 were
surveyed by order of Parliament. They are described as: (fn. n116)

"All that Tenemt built wth Tymber and Flemish Walle and
Covered wth Tyle scituate … neere unto Cheringcrosse …
consistinge of one Shopp and a Seller underneath the same, and
behinde the said Shopp one Kitchen paved wth Purbeck stone well
fitted and Joynted, alsoe one Court yard well paved. And above
stayres in the first story one dyneinge Roome Wainscoted, and one
other Roome behinde the same, And in the second story two Chambers,
and over the same two Garretts. The ground wheron the said house
standeth wth the Courtyard contayneth in Length 55 feete and in
breadth 14 feete, nowe in the occupation of one Mr Wright, (fn. n117) a Stone
cutter, and is worth per annum xxxiiijli.

"All that Tenemt built as aforesaid and scituate as aforesaid,
adioyninge south on tha' foresaid house. Consistinge of one faire
shoppe nowe used by a scrivener, and one Seller under the same,
and one Kitchen and one small Court paved and a stoole house there,
and in the first story above stayres 2 faire Chambers & in ye second
story 2 faire Chambers, and in the third story two more Chambers,
and over the same 2 fayre Garretts. The ground wheron the said
houses stand together Containe by admeasuremt 55 feete in Length
and 12 feete in breadth nowe in the occupacion of Mr Wolford and
is worth per annum xlli

"Memdd one Mr Brewer (a Papist in Armes) dwellinge in
Kent is the Reputed Landlord, But hath not made out his Title
to us. The said Tenemts are nowe under sequestration and the
Tenants pay there Rent to the state."

Gabriel Brewer had died in 1640, leaving (fn. n118) to his wife, Elizabeth,
"the Rents … of my two houses … wherein — Leech Esqr(fn. n119) and — Wright,
Stonecutter, doe now dwell." His own residence was in the rear of these
two houses on ground formerly belonging to the Hospital of Rounceval. (fn. n120)

Sir Henry Croke on 10th August, 1659, conveyed the premises
to Henry, his younger son, who on 15th February, 1659–60, sold
them to William Burnet. Burnet left them to his son Henry, who on
12th December, 1676 (when the Fortescue lease had expired), leased them
for 51¼ years to Lionel Emps, who on 8th July, 1686, purchased the
freehold from William Burnet, brother of Henry. (fn. n121)

The premises continued in the ownership of the Emps family until
1717. (fn. n122) On 19th February, 1716–7, Joseph Prestwood, nephew and heir
of Frances Emps, sold to John Robinson the southern of the two houses
(No. 10, Charing Cross), and on 10th April, 1717, the northern also (No. 9). (fn. n123)
Ann Robinson, John's widow, on 28th February, 1733–4, parted with both
houses, in the occupation of John Pigou, linen-draper (No. 9), and Samuel
Weather, linen-draper (No. 10), to William Robinson, (fn. n124) whose widow,
Isabella, sold them (fn. n125) on 14th August, 1767, to Lancelot Reed and John
Holliday. They were then in the occupation of Charles Marsh (No. 9)
and Francis Maw (No. 10).

In 1864–5 the premises were rebuilt for the National Bank, now
removed further south. Nos. 9 and 10, Charing Cross, have recently been
renumbered as Nos. 1 and 3, Whitehall.

Footnotes

n8. "To Roberte Pyrrey, John Dawling and Edmonde Wethers for the leying of xx/iiij iiij. m1
pleyne tyle, as welle newe as olde upon the Rentes late Edified besides Rouncyevalle" … "For
leying of xl. m1 pleyne tyles upon the newe Rentis edified nygh unto Charing crosse … Paied for
the making of x Chymneys every of them with a doble Tonnelle within the newe Rentes Situate
nygh unto Rouncyvall at xls the pece." (P.R.O., E. 36/252, pp. 435, 589 and 649.)

n10. See particulars given in P.R.O., E. 310/19/95, fo. 42. The actual grant has not been
traced.

n11. P.R.O., E. 112, Jas. I, Middx., 656; E. 178/4186; and a fragment of the beginning
of the latter, not noticed by Miss Honeybourne, who first made known the plan, E.134, Mich.,
8 Jas. I, No. 8.

n12. Apparently the person referred to in the following. "One Edward Newsom havinge a
Shopp nere unto Cheyringe Crosse, goinge toward his howse in Westmr betwene the howres of
6 and 7 uppon the 19th of this Instant in the evenings " found a libel affixed to "Whytehall garden
dore wch is over against the tennys court." (P.R.O., S.P. 14/4, No. 23–19th October, 1603.)

n15. According to the ratebooks Abraham Chapman succeeded "Edmond Newsum" in the
occupation of the house in 1610 and in a list of 1618 of "such principall buildinges as have ben
erected contrary to his Majesty's proclamacions since Michaelmas in the 13 yeare of his … raigne"
is included "the house of Abraham Chapman betweene Charingcrosse and Whitehall, built with
timber and jutties and cant windowes." (Cal. of Acts of Privy Council, 1617–19, p. 283.)

n17. Final concord between James "Crag," Isabella his wife and George Parker, concerning
one messuage, two cottages, one garden and half a messuage, in perpetuity. (P.R.O., C.P 25 (2)
689–Hilary, 15–16 Chas. II.)

n19. "The Black Memorial or a List of the Names of those pretended Judges who State and
sentenced to Death our Sovereign King Charles I … Sold by … G. Dewell, Stationer, at the
Bell and Dragon, between Charing Cross and Whitehall." (The Post Boy, 1–3rd January, 1712–3.)

n32. The two houses were already in the possession of the Craig family before the grant of
1678, for they are mentioned in the will of James Craig (see p. 242). It is possible that they had
been included in the sale by George Parker in 1663–4, whose lease had still some years to run.

n34. The ratebooks suggest that the occupiers of the front house from 1650 were: Penny
Malhew (to 1664), George Stockdale (1666–79), Isaac Rowhouse (1680–84), Robert Wood
(1685–93), Mrs. Wood (1694–1712), John Robinson (1713–25), John Franklin (1725–58). This
list affords no clue as to when the rebuilding took place. The Hearth Tax Roll for 1674 shows the
two houses as in the occupation of George "Stockdall" and "Alexr Culley," assessed at 8 and
11 hearths respectively.

n51. P.R.O., L.R. 1/60, fo. 1. The meaning of the grant is not very clear. If it was a sale
Harrington did not long continue in possession. Harrington was on the commission for trying
Charles I, and was afterwards a member of the Council of State. On the Restoration he was excepted
from acts of pardon and warrants were issued for his arrest. His lands in the counties of York and
Lancaster and his property in Westminster were granted to Charles Lord Gerard (Cal. of S. P.
Dom., 1663–4, p. 538), but neither the Signed Bill (P.R.O., S.O. 7/12, March, 1663–4), nor the
entry on the Patent Roll (P.R.O., C. 66/3056, No. 10), although they include the lands in Yorks
and Lancs, say anything about Westminster property.

n52. It is puzzling to find that the premises were also included in the perpetual fee-farm grant
made to William Collins and Edward Fenn on 8th December, 1631, three months after the similar
grant to Browne and Cliffe, and that the fee-farm rents payable by the latter in respect of both
Cutler's and Urshaw's tenements were sold on 16th June, 1658, to Francis Offley and Richard
Redding (P.R.O., E. 307/15/02). This is, however, partly explained by the King's statement
on 18th February, 1675–6, that "many mistakes have been committed and many doubts have
arisen in and about the Sale of Our Fee farm Rents … which have been occasioned partly through
the inadvertency of Our Officers before whom the said Rents stood in charge or of the Clerks
employed in the Sale of the said Rents or by some other waies or meanes." (P.R.O., S.O. 8/11.)

n56. The identification of tenants of this house before 1687 presents difficulty. From that
date, however, for a number of years they can be identified as Lawrence Courtney (1687–97),
John Poulteney (1698), Samuel Cooke (1699–1703), Richard Crofts (1704–28), Wm. Clements
(1728–30), Richard Haddock (1730–51) (this is a mistake; he died in 1748), Sophia Lenoy
(1752–65), Olivia Harington (1766–77).

n57. "Left in a Hackney Coach on Monday Night last, about 10 of the Clock, that took a
Gentleman up at the Rummer-Tavern at Charing-Cross, and set him down in Holborn, A Scarlet
Cloak trimm'd with Gold, and Gold Lace Button-Holes, with a Green Velvet Cape. If the
Coachman, or any other Person will give an Account of the same, so that it may be had again, to
Mr Crofts at the Rummer aforesaid, he shall have a Guinea Reward and no Questions ask'd."
(The Post Boy, 3–5th February, 1712–3.)

n60. In Haddock's will (P.C.C., 299 Strahan, dated 7th May, 1731, and proved 5th October,
1748), he describes himself as "Master of the Turk's Head Bagnio near Charing Cross." There was
another Turk's Head Bagnio on the other side of the road, see p. 102.

n61. The old title of The Rummer had now been transferred to the adjoining property on the north,
which is described as a messuage, "now called the Rummer, which lately was the Fountain Tavern."

n63. Elizabeth, Richard Haddock's widow, named Sophia Lenoy her executrix, and left to
her the use of all her goods, chattels, effects, etc., not otherwise disposed of for the term of her life or
until marriage. (P.C.C., 12 Bettesworth, dated 14th December, 1751, proved 8th January, 1752.)

n64. Indenture, dated 17th March, 1789, between Joseph Rushworth and Dorothy Bean
concerning the "Messuage … at Charing Cross, known by the name of the Royal Bagnio, late in
the tenure of Mrs [Olivia] Harrington." (Middx. Register, 1790, II, 25.)

n65. Francis Place was born in 1771. He was apprenticed to a leather-breeches maker and
afterwards became an independent journeyman. In 1793 on a strike in the trade Place was chosen
organiser. He also became secretary to a number of trade clubs and for a time was active in the
advocacy of reform. He studied much to improve his education, and in 1807 again entered political
life in support of the candidature of Sir Francis Burdett for parliament. For many years he worked
hard and successfully for radical reform, and his library at Charing Cross was a regular resort for
politicians of the same views. His influence declined after the passage of the Reform Bill. He died
in 1854 at Hammersmith.

n66. Graham Wallas's Life of Francis Place (1898), p. 33. Wallas quotes Place's own account.
"I put in … a new front as elegant as the place would permit. Each of the panes of glass in the
shop front cost me three pounds, and two in the door four pounds each … Such shop fronts were
then uncommon; I think mine were the largest plate-glass windows in London, if indeed they were
not the first … Fitting up the shop cost me nearly three hundred pounds … There were five
large Argand lamps in the shop, besides candles, to make the windows and every part of it as nearly
equally light as possible."

n70. He is shown in the 1681 ratebook as succeeding Joshua Mildmay, and his residence
therefore probably dated from 1680. He was a "publisher of medical books, plays and novels.
Amongst the latter may be noticed The Mock Clelia, advertised in Mercurius Civicus, April 22nd,
1680, and A. Oldy's Fair Extravagant, 1681 … In the same number he also advertised a translation of one of the novels of Cervantes, called The Jealous Gentleman of Estremadura. His last
advertisement was in the issue of Michaelmas, 1684" (Plomer's Dictionary of Booksellers and
Printers, 1668–1725, p. 39). His last appearance in the ratebook is in 1687.

n73. The tenement of "Orsewe" is said in 1534–5 to be that next adjoining to that of Peter
Cook, who was also known as Peter "le Deulx" (see p. 254), a fact which puts beyond doubt the
identity of the two.

n84. "Information of Samuel Jevon, drawer to Mr Pack, vintner, of the Three Tun tavern,
Charing Cross. Standing at the bar he heard a great noise, and going to the room he heard John
Langham say the Duke of York was a rogue and a Papist dog "—6th November, 1681 (Cal. of
S.P. Dom., 1680–1, p. 552). William Pack succeeded Edward Darling in 1676 and continued until
1685. His widow took his place until 1688.

n86. We have a full description of the southern of these two houses as well as of The Golden
Sword in 1671 (indenture, dated 13th February, 1670–1, between John Hall and Thomas Browne—P.R.O., L.R. 1/62). It runs as follows: "All yt Messuage … scittuate … neere …
where Charing crosse lately stood on ye East side of ye high street there … & next adjoyning to ye
south side of ye entry of ye 3 Tuns Taverne there & conteyning in lengh from ye said streete on
ye west to ye house there adjoyning backward now in ye tenure … of one Mr Darling Vintner on ye
East 37 feet … & in breadth below stayers from North to south 10 feet … And … consisting of theise
severall roomes, that is to say, one shop next to ye street, And above stayers in ye first story 2 Chambers
next to ye street, one of them lying over ye said shop & ye other next adjoyning Northward &
extending over & beyond ye entry of ye said Taverne, & a faggott roome in ye same story, & over
them one garrett devided into 2 roomes. And also one other Messuage … late commonly called
… ye golden sword next adjoyning to ye south side of ye aforesaid … Messuage … & conteyning
in lenght from ye said street there on ye West to ye said house now in ye occupacion of … Mr Darling on ye East xxv feet … & in breadth from North to south 10 feet … & consisting of … one
shopp & a small kitchin, a Cellar under neath ye same, a little yard behinde ye said shopp & kitchen,
And above stayers in ye first story one faire Chamber & over ye same one faire garrett."

n87. See indenture dated 28th September, 1752, between Martha Edwin and John Revis
and Samuel Spencer, linen drapers. The ratebook for 1750 shows the two houses as empty,
and that for 1752 gives "Messrs Revis and Spencer" at a much larger house.

n89. Indenture between (1) William Hill, (2) Mary Edwin, Humphrey's widow, (3) Thomas
and Elizabeth Corbett, and (4) James Cullum (P.R.O., L.R. 1/72, fo. 71). Cullum appears in the
ratebooks in respect of the house in 1752.

n90. It was one of the largest houses north of Scotland Yard, the Hearth Tax Rolls for 1666
and 1674 showing that it was assessed at 16 hearths.

n91. There is a token extant of "Tho. Darling at 3 Tuns neare Charing Cross" (1657)
(London Tokens of the 17th Century, by A. W. Franks (1862)). Thomas Darling first appears
in the ratebooks in respect of this house in 1647. In 1661 his place was taken by Edward
Darling, who died in 1675–6 (will dated 13th April, 1675, proved 19th April, 1676, P.C.C.,
37 Bence), and was succeeded by William Pack. Pepys visited the house several times. "From
thence with him [Sir W. Pen] to the 3 Tun Tavern, at Charing Cross, and there sent for up
the maister of the house's dinner, and dined very well upon it, and afterwards had him and his
fayre sister (who is very great with Sir W. Batten and Sir W. Pen in mirth) up to us, and looked
over some medals that they shewed us of theirs, and so went away." (Diary, 1st November, 1661.)

n92. "All that Messuage … near Charing Cross … called the Fountain Tavern, then or late
in the occupacion of James Irwin" (indenture, dated 12th March, 1711–2, between Thomas
Edwin and Charles and John Edwin—Middx. Register, 1735, I, 85). James "Irwing" is
shown in the ratebooks in respect of this house from 1704 to 1711. See also p. 247.

n94. The view is looking north towards the King's statue, but the engraving is reversed, the
east side of the road being shown on the left hand, and the west on the right (notice the barber
is apparently shaving with his left hand). For The Cardigan's Head and The Bagnio on the right
hand, see pp. 125 and 102. Next to The Rummer on the left hand is The New Bagnio, i.e.,
Haddock's establishment, see p. 248. The Rummer bears not only the sign of that name (a rummer
was a kind of large drinking glass) but a bunch of grapes. The full sign was therefore probably
The Rummer and Grapes. At The Rummer and Grapes Tavern, Westminster, one of the three
leading freemasons' lodges used to meet (Larwood's History of Signboards, p. 239), and if this could
be equated with the tavern at Charing Cross, it would appear likely that it was from this tavern
that the intoxicated freemason (usually taken to represent Sir Thomas De Veil, the magistrate)
was being led home by the tyler of his lodge.

n95. This is the fifth Rummer met with in the neighbourhood, and it would seem convenient
here to sum up the information with regard to them. (i) The earliest, in 1683, was one of the
houses on the west side of the road, probably on the site of the timber yard (see p. 78). (ii) The
Rummer Eating House is found in 1712, on the same side of the road, a little further north,
probably on the site of Samuel Prior's establishment (see p. 84). (iii) There must have been a
Rummer still further north, which gave its name to Rummer Court, in existence in 1754 (see p. 89).
(iv) No. 16, Charing Cross, on the east side of the road, was known as The Rummer in 1706
and 1719, but in 1731 the sign had been changed to The Turk's Head and the place converted into
a bagnio. (v) With the change of sign of (iv) No. 14, Charing Cross, became The Rummer. It will
be seen from the above that at various dates there must have been a Rummer on each side of the
street. There are also references (undated) in the Advertisements of Curiosities, preserved in the
British Museum, to the Two Blue-Posts and Rummer, near Charing Cross, and The Mitre and
Rummer at Charing Cross. Both The Blue Posts and The Mitre were on the west side of the
street. For The Blue Posts see p. 78. The Mitre is described as "opposite Craigg's Court" in an
advertisement in The Daily Advertiser for 23rd December, 1741, quoted by MacMichael, Charing
Cross, pp. 61–2.

n96. P.R.O., T. 55/15, pp. 362–3. Walsh had succeeded Mrs. Owen. "On Sunday Mrs Owen,
who kept the Rummer Tavern by Charing-cross was suddenly taken ill, sitting in her chair, fell
down and expired immediately" (The London Chronicle, 25–26th March, 1765). "Edward"
Owen is shown in the ratebooks for this house from 1749 to 1765.

n97. Known in 1719 as "the Golden Lyon" (indenture, dated 8th December, 1719, between
Thomas, Charles and John Edwin and others—Middx. Register, 1721, VI, 103).

n102. Westminster Wills, 83 Bracy. He is probably the same as "Petrus Lyddosse," buried at
St. Martin's on 1st November, 1555. (Registers of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, p. 105.)

n103. "It' R' the xviij Daye [of November] for the herse Clothe, the knyll, and the waste of
two tapers, At the buryall of Ambrose gurnard." (Accounts of the Churchwardens of St. Martin-inthe-Fields, p. 170.)

n117. William Wright first appears in the ratebooks in 1607 and continues until 1653.
(i) "Recognizance … of William Wright … tombe maker, in the sum of forty pounds, for the
said William Wright's appearance at the next Session of the Peace … to answer … 'for annoying
the streete nere Charing Crosse with loading of cartes, turning the Judges and all other passengers
into the Channell.' "—4th November, 1613 (Middx. Session Records, II, p. 93). (ii) "Account
by Wm. Weld of disbursements for Sir Wm. Pelham; it includes 10l paid to Mr Wright, the stonecutter at Charing Cross, towards a tomb he is making for Sir William."—23rd May, 1630. (Cal:
of S. P. Dom., 1629–31, p. 263.)

n122. Lionel Emps died circa 1698, leaving the premises to his wife Frances, who in 1703
brought a suit against certain of the residents in the rear, on the Trinity Hospital estate (formerly
of Rounceval), who wished to establish a right of way to the street through her property. This gives
valuable information as to the history of the premises. (P.R.O., C. 5/238/32.)