The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged firstly by the country whose ministers advised the Queen on the appointments, then by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

1.
Commonwealth realm
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Subsequently, India and Pakistan and Ceylon became Dominions. By the early 1950s, in order to reflect the equality between the countries in that group, each came to be known as a realm. The word was used in Britains proclamation of Elizabeth II as queen in 1952 and was adopted for the modern royal styles and titles under the legislation enacted by the individual countries. The principle was applied to countries as they became Commonwealth realms. The phrase Commonwealth realm, though used officially, is not a statutory term, the number of independent countries in the Commonwealth of Nations all sharing the same person as monarch reached 18 between 1983 and 1987. The Commonwealth realms are, for purposes of international relations, sovereign states, political scientist Peter Boyce called this grouping of countries associated in this manner, an achievement without parallel in the history of international relations or constitutional law. Since each realm has the person as its monarch, the diplomatic practice of exchanging ambassadors with letters of credence. Diplomatic relations between the Commonwealth realms are thus at a cabinet level only and high commissioners are exchanged between realms, a high commissioners full title will thus be High Commissioner for Her Majestys Government in. Opinion on the prospect of the coming to fruition is mixed. This means that in different contexts the term Crown may refer to the extra-national institution associating all 16 countries, from a cultural standpoint, the sovereigns name and image and other royal symbols unique to each nation are visible in the emblems and insignia of governmental institutions and militia. By 1959, it was being asserted by Buckingham Palace officials that the Queen was equally at home in all her realms and this convention was first applied to the abdication of Edward VIII in 1936. For expediency and to avoid embarrassment, the British government had suggested that the Dominion governments automatically regard the monarch of the UK, whoever this may be, as their monarch also. Sir Maurice Gwyer, first parliamentary counsel in the UK, reflected this position and these changes came into effect on 26 March 2015. Agreement among the realms does not, however, mean the succession laws cannot diverge, the parliament of South Africa, however, passed its own legislation—His Majesty King Edward the Eighths Abdication Act, 1937—which backdated the abdication there to 10 December. The Irish Free State recognised the kings abdication with the Executive Authority Act 1936 on 12 December, according to Anne Twomey, this demonstrated the divisibility of the Crown in the personal, as well as the political, sense. For E H Coghill, writing as early as 1937, it proved that the convention of a line of succession is not of imperative force. It is generally agreed that any alteration of succession by the UK would not have effect in all the realms. Following the accession of George VI to the throne, the United Kingdom created legislation that provided for a regency in the event that the monarch was not of age or incapacitated

2.
Queen's Official Birthday
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The sovereigns birthday was first officially marked in the United Kingdom in 1748, for King George II. In some cases, it is a public holiday, sometimes aligning with the celebration of other events. Most Commonwealth realms release a Queens Birthday Honours list at this time, except in the states of Western Australia and Queensland, Australia observes the Queens Birthday on the second Monday in June. There is no rule to determine this date, though it is usually the last Monday of September or the first Monday of October. Starting in 2016, Queensland celebrates the holiday on the first Monday of October, so that a long weekend coincides with the AFL, the day has been celebrated since 1788, when Governor Arthur Phillip declared a holiday to mark the birthday of the King of Great Britain. Until 1936, it was held on the birthday of the monarch. This has more evenly spaced out public holidays throughout the year, the Queens Birthday weekend and Empire Day were the traditional times for public fireworks displays in Australia. The sale of fireworks to the public was banned in various states through the 1980s, tasmania is the only state and the Northern Territory the only territory to still sell fireworks to the public. The Queens Birthday Honours List, in new members of the Order of Australia. A royal proclamation issued on 5 February 1957 established the Canadian monarchs official birthday as the last Monday before 25 May. The sovereigns birthday had been observed in Canada since 1845, when the parliament of the Province of Canada passed a statute to officially recognize Queen Victorias birthday,24 May. Edward VIII abdicated on 11 December 1936, three days before the birthday of his brother, the new king of Canada, George VI, the King expressed to his ministers his wish that his birthday not be publicly celebrated, in light of the recent circumstances. George VIs official birthday in Canada was thereafter marked on various days between 20 May and 14 June, the two holidays are in law entirely distinct except for being appointed to be observed on the same day, it is a general holiday in Nunavut and New Brunswick. The reigning Canadian monarch has been in Canada for his or her birthday twice. The first time was 20 May 1939, when King George VI was on a coast-to-coast tour of Canada, in 2014, the couple attended a ceremony in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Despite Fiji ceasing to be a Commonwealth realm in 1987, following a military coup détat. That year, the government of Commodore Frank Bainimarama announced the holiday would be abolished. In New Zealand, the holiday is the first Monday in June, celebrations are mainly official, including the Queens Birthday Honours list and military ceremonies

3.
Baron
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Baron is a title of honour, often hereditary. The word baron comes from the Old French baron, from a Late Latin baro man, servant, soldier, cornutus in the first century already reports a word barones which he took to be of Gaulish origin. During the Ancien Régime, French baronies were very much like Scottish ones, feudal landholders were entitled to style themselves baron if they were nobles, a roturier could only be a seigneur de la baronnie. These baronies could be sold freely until 1789 when feudal law was abolished. The title of baron was assumed as a titre de courtoisie by many nobles, emperor Napoléon created a new empire nobility, in which baron was the second lowest title. The titles followed a line of descent and could not be purchased. In 1815, King Louis XVIII created a new system based on the British model. Baron-peer was the lowest title, but the heirs to pre-1789 barons could remain barons, as could the elder sons of viscount-peers and this peerage system was abolished in 1848. The wife of a Freiherr is called a Freifrau or sometimes Baronin, families which had always held this status were called Uradel, and were heraldically entitled to a three pointed coronet. Families which had been ennobled at a point in time had seven points on their coronet. These families held their fief in vassalage from a suzerain, the holder of an allodial barony was thus called a Free Lord, or Freiherr. Subsequently, sovereigns in Germany conferred the title of Freiherr as a rank in the nobility, today, as of 1919 on, there is no legal privilege associated with hereditary titles in Germany. In modern, republican Germany, Freiherr and Baron remain heritable only as part of the legal surname, as opposed to this, hereditary titles have been banned completely in Austria. Still, in countries, honorary styles like His/her Highness, Serenity, etc. persists in social use as a form of utmost courtesy. As a result, German barons have been more numerous than those of countries where primogeniture with respect to title inheritance prevails as France. In Italy, barone was the lowest rank of feudal nobility except for that of signore or vassallo, the title of baron was most generally introduced into southern Italy by the Normans during the 11th century. Whereas originally a barony might consist of two or more manors, by 1700 we see what were formerly single manors erected into baronies, counties or even marquisates. Since the early 1800s, when feudalism was abolished in the various Italian states, the untitled younger son of a baron is a nobile dei baroni and in informal usage might be called a baron, while certain baronies devolve to heirs male general

4.
Parole Board for England and Wales
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The Parole Board for England and Wales was established in 1968 under the Criminal Justice Act 1967. It became an independent executive non-departmental public body on 1 July 1996 under the Criminal Justice, the Parole Boards role is to make risk assessments about prisoners to decide who may safely be released into the community on parole. The Parole Board must act in accordance with the type of sentence levied and these include life sentence prisoners, Her Majestys Pleasure detainees, and prisoners given indeterminate sentences for public protection. The Parole Board holds two types of hearings and these normally take place in prison. The Panel is chaired by an accredited, trained and experienced Parole Board Member. In most cases there will be three Parole Board members on an oral Panel although the composition of the Panel may be fewer when decided by the Parole Board, where the circumstances of the case warrant it the panel will include a psychologist or psychiatrist. The victim might also be in attendance in order to present their personal statement. Parole Board members sit in panels of one, two or three to consider cases on the papers and each member contributes to them on an equal footing, any type of member can sit on these panels. The panel takes a decision on the basis of a dossier that contains reports from prison staff. The dossier also contains a variety of formal risk assessments based on offending history, behaviour in prison, courses completed, the dossier may also contain a victim impact statement or a victim personal statement. Parole Board for England and Wales

5.
Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank
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Norman Robert Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank, OM, HonFREng is a British architect whose company, Foster + Partners, maintains an international design practice famous for high-tech architecture. He is one of Britains most prolific architects of his generation, in 1999, he was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize, often referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture. In 2009, Foster was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award in the Arts category, in 1994, he received the AIA Gold Medal. Foster was born to Robert Foster and Lilian Smith in 1935 in Reddish, Stockport and they moved, soon after his birth, two miles to 4 Crescent Grove in Levenshulme, Manchester, which they rented for fourteen shillings a week, Foster has no recollection of Reddish. He attended Burnage Grammar School for Boys in Burnage, in a Guardian interview in 1999, Foster said he always felt different at school and was bullied and he retired into the world of books. He considered himself quiet and awkward in his early years often making faux pas and he was fascinated with engineering and the process of designing. He says that caused him to pursue a career designing buildings, specific interests included aircraft, a hobby he maintains today, and trains, generated by viewing passing trains on the railway outside his terraced home during his childhood. Fosters father convinced him to take the exam for Manchester Town Halls trainee scheme which he passed in 1951. A colleague, Mr Cobbs son, was studying architecture and his interest led to Foster considering a career in architecture. After working in the Manchester City Treasurers office, Foster completed his National Service in 1953 serving in the Royal Air Force, Foster returned to Manchester, not wanting to return to the town hall as his parents wished and unsure of which path to follow. Foster was searching for an away from his working-class roots which led to the alienation of his parents. Foster took a job as assistant to a manager with John Bearshaw and Partners. The staff advised him, that if he wished to become an architect, he should prepare a portfolio of drawings using the perspective, Bearshaw was so impressed with the drawings that he promoted the young Foster to the drawing department of the practice. In 1956 Foster won a place at the University of Manchester School of Architecture and he combined these with self-tuition via visits to the local library in Levenshulme. Foster took a keen interest in the works of Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer, Foster won the Henry Fellowship to the Yale School of Architecture, where he met future business partner Richard Rogers and earned his masters degree. Vincent Scully encouraged Foster and Rogers to travel in America for a year, after returning to the UK in 1963 he set up an architectural practice as Team 4 with Rogers and the sisters Georgie and Wendy Cheesman. Georgie was the one of the team that had passed her RIBA exams allowing them to set up in practice on their own. Team 4 quickly earned a reputation for industrial design

6.
Foster and Partners
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Foster + Partners is a British international studio for architecture and integrated design, with headquarters in London. The practice is led by its founder and Chairman, Norman Foster, established by Norman Foster as Foster Associates in 1967 shortly after leaving Team 4, the firm was renamed in the 1990s to more accurately reflect the influence of the other lead architects. In 2007 the private equity company 3i took a stake in the practice and this was bought back by the practice in June 2014 to become wholly owned by the 140 partners. C. The paper cited environmentalists concerns over the impact of the planned 15,000 inhabitant resort facilities. The Bulgarian partner, Georgi Stanishev, is the brother of Sergei Stanishev, Leader of Bulgarian Socialist Party, antoinette Nassopoulos, Foster + Partners Virgin Red Hot Design talk

7.
Imperial College London
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Imperial College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom. Its founder, Prince Albert, envisioned an area comprised of the Victoria and Albert Museum, Natural History Museum, Royal Albert Hall, the Imperial Institute was opened by his wife, Queen Victoria, who laid the foundation stone in 1888. Imperial College London was granted a charter in 1907. In the same year, the joined the University of London. The curriculum was expanded to include medicine after merging with several medical schools. In 2004, Queen Elizabeth II opened the Imperial College Business School, Imperial is organized through faculties for Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Business. The main campus is located in South Kensington, the universitys emphasis is on emerging technology and its practical application. Imperials contributions to society include the discovery of penicillin, the development of fibre optics, Imperial is consistently ranked among the top universities in the world. In 2017, it ranked 8th in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, 9th in the QS World University Rankings, in 2015, Imperial was also ranked the most innovative university in Europe, and in 2017 as the 5th most international university in the world. Staff and alumni include 15 Nobel laureates,2 Fields Medalists,70 Fellows of the Royal Society,82 Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering, and 78 Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences. The Great Exhibition in 1851 was organised by Prince Albert, Henry Cole, Francis Fuller and other members of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. The Great Exhibition made a surplus of £186,000 used in creating an area in the South of Kensington encouraging culture and education for everyone. Its founder, Prince Albert, envisioned an area composed of the Victoria and Albert Museum, Natural History Museum, Royal Albert Hall. Several royal colleges and the Imperial Institute merged to form what is now Imperial College London, as a result of a movement earlier in the decade, many politicians donated funds to establish the college, including Benjamin Disraeli, William Gladstone and Robert Peel. It was also supported by Prince Albert, who persuaded August Wilhelm von Hofmann to be the first professor, William Henry Perkin studied and worked at the college under von Hofmann, but resigned his position after discovering the first synthetic dye, mauveine, in 1856. It is considered the highest honour given in the chemical industry. The Royal School of Mines was established by Sir Henry de la Beche in 1851, developing from the Museum of Economic Geology and he created a school which laid the foundations for the teaching of science in the country, and which has its legacy today at Imperial. The Royal College of Science was established in 1881, the main objective was to support the training of science teachers and to develop teaching in other science subjects alongside the Royal School of Mines earth sciences specialities

8.
Pearson PLC
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Pearson PLC is a British multinational publishing and education company headquartered in London. It was founded as a business in the 1840s. It shut down its activities in the 1920s and switched to publishing. It is the largest education company and the largest book publisher in the world, Pearson has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE100 Index. It has a listing on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of American Depository Receipts. The company was founded by Samuel Pearson in 1844 as a building and engineering concern operating in Yorkshire under the name S. Pearson & Son. In 1880, control passed to his grandson Weetman Dickinson Pearson, an engineer, in November 1915, the firm began construction of HM Factory, Gretna, the largest cordite factory in the UK during World War I. The construction business was shut down in the 1920s, among its final projects was completion of the Sennar Dam, in Sudan, in 1925. In 1919, the firm acquired a 45% stake in the London branch of merchant bankers Lazard Brothers, Pearson continued to hold a 50% stake until 1999. In 1921, Pearson purchased a number of daily and weekly newspapers in the United Kingdom. In 1957, it bought the Financial Times and acquired a 50% stake in The Economist and it purchased the publisher Longman in 1968. The company was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1969 and it went on to buy paperback publisher Penguin in 1970, and in 1972, childrens imprint Ladybird Books. In 1986, Pearson invested in the British Satellite Broadcasting consortium, which, during the 1990s, Pearson acquired a number of TV production and broadcasting assets and sold most of its non-media assets, under the leadership of future U. S. Westminster Press was sold to Newsquest in 1996, Pearson acquired the education division of HarperCollins in 1996 from News Corporation and acquired book publishers Scott Foresman & Co. in 1996. In 1998 Pearson acquired Prentice Hall Textbooks/Simon & Schuster Trade Books from Viacom and merged it with its own education unit, Addison-Wesley Longman to form Pearson Education. In 2002, Pearson sold its 22% stake in RTL Group for 1.5 billion Euros, and then purchased Rough Guides, the travel publisher, and brought it under Penguin. Pearson acquired Edexcel, a provider of qualifications in the UK, in 2003, Pearson purchased a series of other testing and assessment businesses, including Knowledge Technologies in 2004, AGS in 2005, and National Evaluation Systems and Promissor in 2006. Pearson then completed the acquisition of Harcourt Assessment, merging the businesses into Pearson Assessment & Information

9.
Privy Council of the United Kingdom
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Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. Its membership mainly comprises senior politicians, who are present or former members of either the House of Commons or the House of Lords, the Council also holds the delegated authority to issue Orders of Council, mostly used to regulate certain public institutions. The Council advises the sovereign on the issuing of Royal Charters, which are used to grant special status to incorporated bodies, otherwise, the Privy Councils powers have now been largely replaced by the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. The Judicial Committee consists of judges appointed as Privy Counsellors, predominantly Justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. The Privy Council of the United Kingdom was preceded by the Privy Council of Scotland, the key events in the formation of the modern Privy Council are given below, Witenagemot was an early equivalent to the Privy Council of England. During the reigns of the Norman monarchs, the English Crown was advised by a court or curia regis. The body originally concerned itself with advising the sovereign on legislation, administration, later, different bodies assuming distinct functions evolved from the court. The courts of law took over the business of dispensing justice, nevertheless, the Council retained the power to hear legal disputes, either in the first instance or on appeal. Furthermore, laws made by the sovereign on the advice of the Council, powerful sovereigns often used the body to circumvent the Courts and Parliament. During Henry VIIIs reign, the sovereign, on the advice of the Council, was allowed to enact laws by mere proclamation, the legislative pre-eminence of Parliament was not restored until after Henry VIIIs death. Though the royal Council retained legislative and judicial responsibilities, it became an administrative body. The Council consisted of forty members in 1553, but the sovereign relied on a smaller committee, by the end of the English Civil War, the monarchy, House of Lords, and Privy Council had been abolished. The remaining parliamentary chamber, the House of Commons, instituted a Council of State to execute laws, the forty-one members of the Council were elected by the House of Commons, the body was headed by Oliver Cromwell, de facto military dictator of the nation. In 1653, however, Cromwell became Lord Protector, and the Council was reduced to thirteen and twenty-one members, all elected by the Commons. In 1657, the Commons granted Cromwell even greater powers, some of which were reminiscent of those enjoyed by monarchs, the Council became known as the Protectors Privy Council, its members were appointed by the Lord Protector, subject to Parliaments approval. In 1659, shortly before the restoration of the monarchy, the Protectors Council was abolished, Charles II restored the Royal Privy Council, but he, like previous Stuart monarchs, chose to rely on a small group of advisers. Under George I even more power transferred to this committee and it now began to meet in the absence of the sovereign, communicating its decisions to him after the fact. Thus, the British Privy Council, as a whole, ceased to be a body of important confidential advisers to the sovereign and it is closely related to the word private, and derives from the French word privé

10.
Edward George, Baron George
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Edward Alan John George, Baron George GBE PC DL, known as Eddie George, or Steady Eddie, was Governor of the Bank of England from 1993 to 2003 and sat on the board of Rothschild. George was born and grew up in Carshalton, the son of Alan, a Post Office clerk and he attended the independent school Dulwich College on a scholarship. He carried out his National Service at the Joint Services School for Linguists and he attended and graduated from Emmanuel College, Cambridge. George joined the Bank of England in 1962, apart from secondments to Moscow State University, the Bank for International Settlements and the International Monetary Fund, he remained there throughout his career. During the early part of his governance his successful relationship with the former Chancellor Ken Clarke gained for them the nickname of the Ken, upon Labour coming to power the Bank was given independence in setting UK interest rates by Gordon Brown, the incoming Chancellor of the Exchequer. He was succeeded as Governor of the Bank of England in July 2003 by Mervyn King and he later claimed that his remarks had been misconstrued. George served as a Governor of his school, Dulwich College. On 18 April 2009, George, a smoker, died of lung cancer. George married Vanessa George, Lady George in Surrey in 1962, Lady George died in March 2017. George was appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire in the 2000 Birthday Honours and he was made a life peer in June 2004 as Baron George, of St Tudy in the County of Cornwall. He was awarded an honorary D. Sc. by the University of Buckingham on 4 March 2000, and appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Cornwall in March 2006

11.
Alan Haselhurst
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He was Chairman of Ways and Means from 14 May 1997 to 8 June 2010, and later Chairman of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association between 2011-14. He is currently the oldest Conservative MP and he was elected President of the Oxford University Conservative Association in 1958 and, for two years, served as Secretary and Treasurer of the Oxford Union from 1959. Before his election to Parliament, he worked in management in the chemicals industry and he was the Chairman of the Manchester Youth and Community Service from 1974 until being returned to Parliament. Haselhurst worked as an agent for Robin Balniel, Conservative MP for Hertford. Being elected in 1964, he served for two years as the Chairman of the National Young Conservatives. He was elected to the House of Commons at the 1970 general election for the Lancashire seat of Middleton and Prestwich, however, Haselhurst lost the seat at the next February 1974 general election to Labour by just 517 votes. The Conservative MP for the Essex seat of Saffron Walden, Sir Peter Kirk, died on 17 April 1977, Haselhurst won the seat with a majority of 12,437 and has been returned as the constituencys MP ever since. He served on the European Legislation Select Committee for fifteen years from 1982 and he was invited to ask the first question in Margaret Thatchers final Prime Ministers Questions on 27 November 1990. Following the 1997 general election, he was elected Chairman of Ways and Means, remaining in that post under successive Speakers Betty Boothroyd, Michael Martin, Haselhurst was a contender to succeed Michael Martin after Martins resignation as Commons Speaker on 19 May 2009. Haselhurst was opposed to Brexit prior to the 2016 referendum and he was elected Chairman of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Associations Executive committee, serving until October 2014, overseeing parliamentary procedure throughout the Commonwealth. Alan Haselhurst married Angela Margaret Bailey on 16 April 1977, and he is a very vocal supporter of community-based projects and was for a time a Director of Turning Point, a charity working with socially excluded young people, for five years from 1981. A noted Europhile, he is regarded as a one-nation Conservative and he was knighted in 1995 and sworn of the Privy Council in 1999. Saffron Walden Profile, dodonline. co. uk, accessed 21 October 2015

12.
Giles Radice, Baron Radice
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Giles Heneage Radice, Baron Radice, PC is a Labour member of the House of Lords. Radice was educated at Winchester College and Magdalen College, Oxford and he worked as a research officer for the General and Municipal Workers Union. Radice first stood for Parliament at Chippenham in 1964 and 1966 and he was elected Labour Member of Parliament for Chester-le-Street from a 1973 by-election to 1983 and then North Durham until his retirement in 2001. Radice served as Education spokesman in the Labour Shadow Cabinet under Neil Kinnock in the 1980s and he was a member of the House of Lords European Union Sub-Committee on external affairs until March 2015. A europhile, Radice was one of only five Labour MPs to vote for the Third Reading of the Maastricht Treaty in 1993, defying his party Whip and he was made a Life Peer as Baron Radice, of Chester-le-Street in the County of Durham, on 16 July 2001. As an advocate of the need for Labour to ditch traditional dogmas, in his 1989 book Labours Path to Power, The New Revisionism, Radice set out his vision for a modernised Labour Party, which included abandoning Clause IV of the party constitution. His highly influential and widely quoted Southern Discomfort pamphlet in 1992 also argued the case for reform, using focus group evidence, Radice found that voters in the south believed that Labour was out of touch, extremist and against aspiration. Philip Stephens later wrote in the Financial Times, At that time, Giles Radice, then an MP, the party would not win, he argued, unless and until it managed to connect its ambitions for social justice with the individualistic aspirations of the voters in southern England. Here was the template for Mr Blair and this was followed by The Tortoise and the Hares, a comparative biography of Clement Attlee, Ernest Bevin, Stafford Cripps, Hugh Dalton and Herbert Morrison. Trio, Inside the Blair, Brown, Mandelson Project was published in 2010. Radice adds to his historical approach not only a readable writing style and his diaries, published in 2004, were shortlisted for the Channel 4 Political Book of the Year. Lord Radice has been a member of the board of the Centre for British Studies of Berlins Humboldt University since 1998. He is a member of the Fabian Society and he is a former Chair of the British Association for Central and Eastern Europe, and was Chair of the European Movement, 1995-2001. He is also a former Chairman of Policy Network, the international progressive thinktank based in London, divide and rule, the Industrial Relations Bill. 1979 Equality and quality, a socialist plan for education,1986 Labours Path to Power, The New Revisionism Palgrave Macmilan,1989, ISBN 978-0333480724 Offshore, Britain and the European Idea I. B. B

13.
Knight Bachelor
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The appointment of Knight Bachelor is a part of the British honours system. It is the most basic and lowest rank of a man who has been knighted by the monarch, Knights Bachelor are the most ancient sort of British knight, but Knights Bachelor rank below knights of the various orders. There is no counterpart to Knight Bachelor. The lowest knightly honour that can be conferred upon a woman is Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire – which, also, foreigners are not created Knights Bachelor, instead they are generally made honorary KBEs. It is generally awarded for service, amongst its recipients are all male judges of Her Majestys High Court of Justice in England. Sir Patrick Stewart, and Sir Tom Jones are Officers of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, like other knights, Knights Bachelor are styled Sir. Since they are not knights of any order of chivalry, there is no post-nominal associated with the award. This style is adopted by Knights Bachelor who are also peers, baronets or knights of the various statutory orders, such as Sir William Boulton, Bt, Kt, or The Lord Olivier. Until 1926 Knights Bachelor had no insignia which they could wear, the Knights Bachelor badge may be worn on all such occasions upon the left side of the coat or outer garment of those upon whom the degree of Knight Bachelor has been conferred. In 1974, Queen Elizabeth II issued a warrant authorising the wearing on appropriate occasions of a neck badge, slightly smaller in size. In 1988 a new certificate of authentication, a knights only personal documentation, was designed by the College of Arms. The Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor was founded for the maintenance and consolidation of the Dignity of Knights Bachelor in 1908, the Society keeps records of all Knights Bachelor, in their interest

14.
Sheffield Hallam University
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Sheffield Hallam University is a public university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The university is the eighth largest university in the UK with 31,485 students,4,494 staff and 708 courses, the day-to-day running was controlled by the local council, whilst the Board of Trade in London appointed the head. Tuition began in a 60x40ft rented room off Glossop Road, in 1850 the School of Design was renamed Sheffield School of Art. In 1905 the City of Sheffield Training College on Collegiate Crescent admitted its first 90 students, in 1967 the Owen Building was constructed. Built in a functional 1960s design, it has since been modernised, in 1969 the Sheffield School of Design merged with the citys College of Technology to form Sheffield Polytechnic. In 1976 Sheffield Polytechnic merged with the two teacher training colleges and was renamed Sheffield City Polytechnic. In 1987 Sheffield City Polytechnic became a member of the Northern Consortium. In 1992 Sheffield City Polytechnic became Sheffield Hallam University, with the right to award its own degrees, in 2005 SHU was reorganised into four faculties. The new Faculty of Development and Society, with an emphasis on people, places and spaces, brought together education, geography, humanities, law, and social sciences. At the same time, with the intention of developing research and teaching in the new Faculty of Health and Wellbeing. The building that had designed and constructed to house the National Centre for Popular Music became the universitys students union building. The Nelson Mandela Building, the students union building, was sold and has since been demolished. In 2007 SHU took over the teaching of nursing and midwifery from the University of Sheffield and these activities are now based at the Collegiate Crescent Campus. The following year the Psalter Lane campus was closed, and the transferred to the City Campus. The £26 million energy-efficient Furnival Building opened in September, the building, which includes teaching spaces and an art gallery has been described as the impressive new entry point to the campus. Winston has a history in academia, being a full-time faculty member at Imperial College London for the majority of his career. SHU is the partner for Higher Futures, the Lifelong Learning Network for South Yorkshire, North Derbyshire. SHU received a First Class award and was ranked 15th out of 151 universities in the People & Planet University League 2015 which assesses universities on their environmental credentials, nazir Ahmed, Baron Ahmed, Labour Party Peer

15.
Lothian and Borders Police
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Lothian and Borders Police was the territorial police force for the Scottish council areas of the City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian, Scottish Borders and West Lothian between 1975 and 2013. The forces headquarters were in Fettes Avenue, Edinburgh, Lothian and Borders Police was formed on 16 May 1975 by an amalgamation of Berwick, Roxburgh and Selkirk Constabulary, Edinburgh City Police and The Lothians and Peebles Constabulary. The force had 2,905 officers and 1,384 support staff as of March 2008, the forces last Chief Constable was David Strang who replaced Paddy Tomkins on 29 March 2007. An Act of the Scottish Parliament, the Police and Fire Reform Act 2012 and this merged the eight former regional police forces in Scotland, together with the Scottish Crime and Drug Enforcement Agency, into a single service covering the whole of Scotland. Police Scotland has its headquarters at the Scottish Police College at Tulliallan in Fife, the Lothian and Borders Police area stretched from Blackridge in the west to Newcastleton in the south. It was split into four divisions, and several other non-territorial divisions for specialist. A Division covered the City of Edinburgh, and was created in 2002 following the amalgamation of the City of Edinburghs three previous divisions and it was the largest territorial division in terms of manpower and population. Its headquarters were St Leonards Police Station, E Division covered East Lothian and Midlothian, stretching from the Edinburgh City Bypass to Dunbar in the east. F Division covered West Lothian with its headquarters in Livingston. S, G Division was the largest territorial division in Lothian and Borders Police and covered the Scottish Borders. It was approximately twice the size of all the other divisions combined and it covered a predominantly rural area featuring rolling country side and isolated population areas. C Division comprised such departments as Corporate Communications, Safer Communities, Complaints and Conduct, H Division was concerned with Personnel and Human Resources functions. J Division was concerned with Secondments, N Division was styled the Criminal Justice Administration Department. O Division provided specialist operations support to the force and it was predominantly made up of the Roads Policing Units which were based at the headquarters of each division. They also provided specialist Firearms and Public Order support to all divisions, also within O Division were the forces Dog Handlers. O Division also included The Force Communications Centre, P Division was responsible for training and career development. Training of probationary constables was carried out jointly by the Scottish Police College based at Tulliallan Castle, S Division was responsible for the financial management of the force. X Division provided investigative support to the entire force, while detectives may have been allocated to assist other divisions as their main role as detectives, they could be pooled to provide assistance whether their specialist skills are required. Also known as the Criminal Investigation Department they were the detectives of the force, Z Division was styled the Central Services Department

16.
Health and Safety Commission
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The Health and Safety Commission was a United Kingdom non-departmental public body. The HSC was created by the Health and Safety at Work etc and it was formally established on 31 July 1974. The first meeting of the HSC took place on 1 October 1974 and its responsibilities covered England and Wales and Scotland. In Northern Ireland, its functions were carried out by the Health and it merged with the Health and Safety Executive on 1 April 2008. The Commission was further obliged keep the Secretary of State informed of its plans and ensure alignment with the policies of the Secretary of State, the Secretary of State could give directions to the Commission. On 1 April 2006, the Commission ceased to have responsibility for railway safety, william James Simpson July 1974 -1983. Sir John Cullen 1983 -30 September 1993, sir Frank John Davies CBE OStJ1 October 1993 -30 September 1999. William Henry Callaghan 1 October 1999 -30 September 2007, dame Judith Elizabeth Hackitt CBE1 October 2007 -31 March 2008. In practice, the Commission delegated its responsibilities to the Health, in August 2007, the Department for Work and Pensions started consultation on merger of the HSC and HSE to a largely positive response. On 18 March 2008, government minister Lord McKenzie of Luton announced that the merger would be completed during spring 2008, the merger was completed on 1 April 2008. About HSC, Health and Safety Executive, Archived index at the Wayback Machine

17.
Keele University
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Keele University, officially known as the University of Keele, is a public research university located about 3 miles from Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England. Keele was granted university status by Royal Charter in 1962 and was founded in 1949 as the University College of North Staffordshire, Keele is the 24th oldest university in the UK List of UK universities by date of foundation, and highest research-ranked university in Staffordshire. A science park and a conference centre complements the academic buildings, the university occupies a 620-acre rural campus close to the village of Keele and consists of extensive woods, lakes and Keele Hall set in historic Staffordshire Potteries heartland. The estate was given by King Henry II of England to the Knights Templars. The estate was purchased from the Crown by the Sneyd family, Cambridge and Oxford Extension Lectures had been arranged in the Potteries since the 1890s, but outside any organised educational framework or establishment. By the late 1930s, the Staffordshire towns of Longton, Fenton, Burslem, a large area including Staffordshire, Shropshire and parts of Cheshire and Derbyshire did not have its own university. Neither the traditional ancient institutions based on the Oxbridge model or earlier civic Redbricks responded to that particular criteria, Lindsay believed technological excesses sponsored by the state without a review of the social and political consequences had been a major contributor to Germanys downfall. This was to heavily influence Keeles curriculum, on 13 March 1946, Lindsay wrote to Sir Walter Moberly, chair of the University Grants Committee, suggesting the creation of a college on new lines. The committee wanted a university for the 20th century that overcame the division between Arts and Sciences and what Moberly was calling the evil of departmentalism, the college could become a social laboratory for industries and the local communities these catered for. Normal practice was for new colleges to be launched without degree-awarding powers, students would instead matriculate with and this would allow the college to start afresh in the setting of its curriculum free from the inheritance of educational practices. Lindsay also wrote to the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford, in August 1949, the University College was granted the right to award its own degrees. The first graduate was George Eason, who had studied Mathematics at Birmingham University gaining a BSc in 1951 and he received his MSc in 1952 from Keele. In 1954, the first graduate studying fully at Keele was Margaret Boulds who received an honours degree in Philosophy. Growing steadily to 1,200 students, the university college was granted university status in 1962, receiving a new Royal charter in January of that year, and adopting the name University of Keele. Alternatives were considered, including The University of Stoke or Stoke-on-Trent, paradoxically, Staffordshire University was also discussed, this is now the name of the former North Staffordshire Polytechnic. The university is a distance west of the civil parish of Keele. It is the establishment of higher education in the UK to be named after a village. In 1968, the Royal Commission on Medical Education issued the Todd Report and it was considered that North Staffordshire would be a good site, having a large local population and several hospitals

18.
Alex Ferguson
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Sir Alexander Chapman Ferguson, CBE is a former Scottish football manager and player who managed Manchester United from 1986 to 2013. He is regarded by players, managers and analysts to be the greatest and most successful manager of all time. Ferguson played as a forward for several Scottish clubs, including Dunfermline Athletic, while playing for Dunfermline, he was the top goalscorer in the Scottish league in the 1965–66 season. Towards the end of his career he also worked as a coach, then started his managerial career with East Stirlingshire. Ferguson then enjoyed a successful period as manager of Aberdeen. He briefly managed Scotland following the death of Jock Stein, taking the team to the 1986 World Cup. Ferguson was appointed manager of Manchester United in November 1986. During his 26 years with Manchester United he won 38 trophies, including 13 Premier League titles, five FA Cups and he was knighted in the 1999 Queens Birthday Honours list, for his services to the game. Ferguson is the longest serving manager of Manchester United, having overtaken Sir Matt Busbys record on 19 December 2010 and he retired from management at the end of the 2012–13 season, having won the Premier League in his final season. He attended Broomloan Road Primary School and later Govan High School, Fergusons playing career began as an amateur with Queens Park, where he made his debut as a striker aged 16. He described his first match as a nightmare, but scored Queens Parks goal in a 2–1 defeat against Stranraer. Perhaps his most notable game for Queens Park was the 7–1 defeat away to Queen of the South on Boxing Day 1959 when ex-England international Ivor Broadis scored four of the Queen of the South goals, Ferguson was the solitary Queens Park goalscorer. Despite scoring 20 goals in his 31 games for Queens Park, he could not command a regular place in the side, although he continued to score regularly at St Johnstone, he was still unable to command a regular place and regularly requested transfers. Dunfermline signed him the summer, and Ferguson became a full-time professional footballer. Dunfermline lost the final 3–2 to Celtic, then failed to win the League by one point, the 1965–66 season saw Ferguson notch up 45 goals in 51 games for Dunfermline. Along with Joe McBride of Celtic, he was the top goalscorer in the Scottish League with 31 goals and he then joined Rangers for £65,000, then a record fee for a transfer between two Scottish clubs. According to his brother, Ferguson was so upset by the experience that he threw his losers medal away, the following October, Nottingham Forest wanted to sign Ferguson, but his wife was not keen on moving to England at that time so he went to Falkirk instead. Fergusons time at Falkirk was soured by this and he responded by requesting a transfer and moved to Ayr United, in June 1974, Ferguson was appointed manager of East Stirlingshire, at the comparatively young age of 32. It was a job that paid £40 per week

19.
Manchester United F.C.
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Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. Nicknamed the Red Devils, the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium, Old Trafford, in 1910. Manchester United have won a record 20 League Titles, a joint-record 12 FA Cups,5 League Cups, the club has also won three European Cups, one UEFA Cup Winners Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup. In 1998–99, the became the first in the history of English football to achieve the treble of the Premier League, the FA Cup. The 1958 Munich air disaster claimed the lives of eight players, in 1968, under the management of Matt Busby, Manchester United became the first English football club to win the European Cup. Alex Ferguson won 38 trophies, including 13 Premier League titles,5 FA Cups and 2 UEFA Champions Leagues, José Mourinho is the clubs current manager, having been appointed on 27 May 2016. As of June 2015, it is the worlds most valuable football brand and it is one of the most widely supported football teams in the world. In August 2012, Manchester United made a public offering on the New York Stock Exchange. The club holds several rivalries, most notably with Liverpool, Manchester City and Leeds United, Manchester United was formed in 1878 as Newton Heath LYR Football Club by the Carriage and Wagon department of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway depot at Newton Heath. By 1888, the club had become a member of The Combination. Following the leagues dissolution after only one season, Newton Heath joined the newly formed Football Alliance and this resulted in the club starting the 1892–93 season in the First Division, by which time it had become independent of the railway company and dropped the LYR from its name. After two seasons, the club was relegated to the Second Division, in January 1902, with debts of £2,670 – equivalent to £260,000 in 2017 – the club was served with a winding-up order. The following season began with victory in the first ever Charity Shield, Manchester United won the First Division for the second time in 1911, but at the end of the following season, Mangnall left the club to join Manchester City. In 1922, three years after the resumption of football following the First World War, the club was relegated to the Second Division, relegated again in 1931, Manchester United became a yo-yo club, achieving its all-time lowest position of 20th place in the Second Division in 1934. Gibson, who, in December 1931, invested £2,000, in the 1938–39 season, the last year of football before the Second World War, the club finished 14th in the First Division. Busby led the team to second-place league finishes in 1947,1948 and 1949, in 1952, the club won the First Division, its first league title for 41 years. With an average age of 22, the title winning side of 1956 were labelled the Busby Babes by the media. In 1957, Manchester United became the first English team to compete in the European Cup, despite objections from The Football League, who had denied Chelsea the same opportunity the previous season

20.
Diageo
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Diageo plc is a British multinational alcoholic beverages company, with its headquarters in London, United Kingdom. It is the worlds largest producer of spirits and a producer of beer. Diageos brands include Smirnoff, Johnnie Walker, Baileys, and Guinness and it also owns 34% of Moët Hennessy, which owns brands including Moët & Chandon, Veuve Clicquot and Hennessy. It sells its products in over 180 countries and has offices in around 80 countries, Diageo has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE100 Index. It has a listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Diageo is a name that was created by the branding consultancy Wolff Olins in 1997. The name is composed of the Latin word dia, meaning day, and the Greek root geo, meaning world, Diageo was formed in 1997 from the merger of Guinness and Grand Metropolitan. The creation was driven by the executives Anthony Greener and Philip Yea at Guinness plus George Bull, Anthony Greener was the first executive chairman. Shares in Diageo began trading on the London Stock Exchange on 17 December 1997, Diageo owned Pillsbury until 2000 when it was sold to General Mills. In 2002, Diageo sold the Burger King fast food restaurant chain to a consortium led by US firm Texas Pacific for $1.5 billion, in February 2011 Diageo agreed to acquire the Turkish liquor company Mey Icki for US$2.1 billion. In May 2012, Diageo agreed to acquire Ypioca, the brand of premium cachaça in Brazil. This did not, however, involve retaining the original Johnnie Walker plant, in Kilmarnock, in November 2012 Diageo agreed to acquire a 53. 4% stake in the Indian spirits company United Spirits for £1.28 billion. In 2013 Diageo joined leading alcohol producers as part of a producers commitments to reducing harmful drinking, in November 2014 Diageo agreed to sell Bushmills Irish whiskey in exchange for $408 million and full ownership of tequila brand Don Julio. In October 2015, Diageo announced the sale of most of its business to Treasury Wine Estates. Other brands, such as Navarro Correas and Chalone Vineyard, were sold separately, in March 2016 the company sold Grand Marnier, a cognac and bitter orange-based liqueur, to Italian aperitif maker Campari Group. In February 2017, Diageo announced plans to open a Guinness brewery and tourist attraction Baltimore County, the brewery could potentially create 70 new jobs and host as many as 300,000 visitors per year. It also has a large distillery at Roseisle in Speyside. Furthermore, Diageo owns a 34% stake in the Moet Hennessy drinks division of French luxury goods company LVMH, Diageos head office is in Park Royal, London Borough of Brent, on a former Guinness brewery property

21.
Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union
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The Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union was a British trade union. It merged with the MSF to form Amicus in 2001, the new union took the name Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union. The AEEU was also the largest member of the Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions, membership of the new union continued to fall in line with the decline in employment in the sectors it covered. By 2001, its membership had fallen to 728,200 and that year, it merged with the Manufacturing, Science and Finance union to form Amicus

22.
Royal Conservatoire of Scotland
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The Royal Conservatoire of Scotland, formerly the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama, is a conservatoire of dance, drama, music, production and screen in the centre of Glasgow, Scotland. Founded in 1845 as the Glasgow Educational Association, it is the busiest performing arts venue in Scotland with over 500 public performances each year. The current Principal is American pianist and composer Jeffrey Sharkey, the President is Sir Cameron Mackintosh, the Royal Conservatoire has occupied its current purpose-built building on Renfrew Street in Glasgow since 1988. Its roots lie in different organisations. It began with the establishment of the Glasgow Educational Association in 1845, the Association later became the Glasgow Commercial College, and this in turn became part of the Glasgow Athenaeum in 1847. The Glasgow Athenaeum provided training in skills, literature, languages, sciences, mathematics. Charles Dickens gave its inaugural speech, in which he stated that he regarded the Glasgow Athenaeum as. an educational example, in 1890 the non-commercial teaching side of the Glasgow Athenaeum became the Glasgow Athenaeum School of Music. In 1928 the premises were extended with a gift from the philanthropist Daniel Macaulay Stevenson, in 1929 the school was renamed as the Scottish National Academy of Music to better reflect its scope and purpose. Its first Principal from 1929–1941 was William Gillies Whittaker, in 1944, it became the Royal Scottish Academy of Music. The Royal Scottish Academy of Music established a department called the Glasgow College of Dramatic Art during 1950. It became the first British drama school to contain a full, in 1993 RSAMD became the first conservatoire in the United Kingdom to be granted its own degree-awarding powers. Research degrees undertaken at RSAMD are validated and awarded by the University of St Andrews in Fife, RSAMD is one of four member conservatories of the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music. From 1 September 2011, the RSAMD changed its name to the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland, Principal John Wallace said the new name was necessary to cover all fields that the institute offers, as it no longer is simply a music and drama academy. The Principal felt it was best to choose a name that was representative of all disciplines offered, there are around 65 private practice rooms for music students, each equipped with a piano with stool, music stand and chairs. These include 11 rooms reserved solely for pianists, several rooms for use by the Scottish Music department, the Royal Conservatoire also houses several professional recording studios, including a new studio in the Opera School for the use of large ensembles. In 2010, RCS opened its campus near Cowcaddens, now known as the Wallace Studios at Speirs Locks. This building was designed by Malcolm Fraser and it opened predominantly to house the Modern Ballet and Production courses, as the Renfrew Street campus was struggling to accommodate the combination of new courses and higher intake levels. In 2014, a £2 million extension to this campus was built, creating even more rehearsal spaces

23.
Trevor McDonald
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Sir Trevor McDonald, OBE is a Trinidadian-British newsreader and journalist, best known for his career as a news presenter with ITN. McDonald was knighted in 1999 for his services to journalism, after working as a print and broadcast journalist in Trinidad during the 1960s, in 1969 McDonald was employed by BBC Radio as a producer, based in London but still broadcasting to the Caribbean. In 1973 he began his association with Independent Television News, first as a general reporter, later as a sports correspondent. In the 1980s he spent some time with the ITN-produced Channel 4 News, McDonald was promoted in 1992 as the sole presenter of News at Ten and became a well-known face on British television screens. McDonald stayed with ITN when News at Ten was axed in 1999, News at Ten was briefly relaunched on 22 January 2001, to which McDonald returned as a presenter. He presented the ITV News at 10.30 following News at Tens second axing, from 1999 to 2005 McDonald hosted ITVs flagship current affairs programme Tonight with Trevor McDonald. The show was revived in 2010 with presenter Julie Etchingham, McDonald presented his last ITV News bulletin on 15 December 2005. The veteran newsreader stepped down from his role as anchor after more than 30 years at ITN, at the end of the final programme, he signed off with the words, That brings to an end my association with the news at 10.30. Over the closing titles of the last bulletin that McDonald presented, on 31 October 2007, ITV announced that, early in 2008, McDonald would come out of retirement to present the relaunched News at Ten together with Julie Etchingham. He told a newspaper, I couldn’t turn down the back to that iconic time slot. News at Ten began broadcasting once again on 14 January 2008 and it was announced on 30 October 2008 that McDonald would step down from News at Ten once the US2008 Presidential elections were over, to be replaced by Mark Austin. His last bulletin was on 20 November 2008 and it was reported at the time that he would continue to present links for The Tonight Programme. In 2009, McDonald travelled to the Caribbean and hosted the series The Secret Caribbean with Trevor McDonald, in 2011, McDonald travelled around the Mediterranean and hosted the series The Secret Mediterranean with Trevor McDonald. In 2012, McDonald travelled along the route of the Mississippi River, in 2013, McDonald visited death row inmates in Indiana and hosted the series Inside Death Row. In early 2015, McDonald travelled to New York City and hosted the 2 part series The Mafia with Trevor McDonald, in late 2015, McDonald presented Las Vegas with Trevor McDonald, a two-part series for ITV. In September 2016, McDonald presented a series called Inside Scotland Yard With Trevor McDonald for ITV. In February 2017, McDonald will present two-part documentary Mafia Women with Trevor McDonald for ITV, McDonald has been announced as host for 2016s BEAM Awards, the first BEAM awards ceremony to be televised. Alongside Aleesha Dixon, Sir Trevor McDonald will host the awards at the London Palladium, McDonald presented the TV series Undercover Customs which created reconstructions of major HM Customs and Excise investigations in the UK

24.
Paul Nurse
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Sir Paul Maxime Nurse FRS FREng, is an English geneticist, former President of the Royal Society and Chief Executive and Director of the Francis Crick Institute. He was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Leland Hartwell, nurses mother went from London to Norwich, Norfolk and lived with relatives while awaiting Pauls birth in order to hide illegitimacy. For the rest of their lives his maternal grandmother pretended to be his mother and he was educated at Lyon Park school in Alperton and Harrow County Grammar School. His undergraduate applications were rejected by the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Sussex and he was offered a place at the University of Birmingham on the condition that he take French classes in his first year. He received his BSc degree in biology in 1970 from the University of Birmingham, Nurse continued his postdoctoral research at the laboratory of Murdoch Mitchison at the University of Edinburgh for the next six years. Beginning in 1976, Nurse identified the gene cdc2 in fission yeast and this gene controls the progression of the cell cycle from G1 phase to S phase and the transition from G2 phase to mitosis. In 1987, Nurse identified the gene in human, Cdk1. These proteins are called checkpoints, because they check whether the cell has divided properly, if the cell doesnt divide correctly, other proteins will attempt to repair it, and if unsuccessful, they will destroy the cell. If a cell divides incorrectly and survives, it can cause cancer and other serious diseases, with his postdoc Melanie Lee, Nurse also found the corresponding gene, CDK1, in humans. These genes stop and start cyclin dependent kinase by adding or removing phosphate groups, in 1984, Nurse joined the Imperial Cancer Research Fund. He left in 1988 to chair the department of microbiology at the University of Oxford and he then returned to the ICRF as Director of Research in 1993, and in 1996 was named Director General of the ICRF, which became Cancer Research UK in 2002. In 2003, he became president of Rockefeller University in New York City where he continued work on the cycle of fission yeast. In 2011 Nurse became the first Director and Chief Executive of the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation, on 30 November 2010, Sir Paul succeeded Martin Rees as President of the Royal Society. And he stepped down in 2015 when his 5-year term was completed, in addition to the Nobel Prize, Nurse has received numerous awards and honours. He was elected a EMBO Member in 1987 and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1989, in 1995 he received a Royal Medal and became a foreign associate of the U. S. National Academy of Sciences. He received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1998 and he was awarded the French Legion dHonneur in 2002. He was also awarded the Copley Medal in 2005 and he was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences – one of the top honours – in April 2006. He is a member of the Advisory Council for the Campaign for Science, Nurse is the 2007 recipient of the Hope Funds Award of Excellence in Basic Research

25.
Keith O'Nions
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Sir Robert Keith ONions FRS Hon. FREng, is a British scientist and ex-President & Rector of the Imperial College London. He is the former Director General of the Research Councils as well as Professor of the Physics and he attended Yardley Grammar School in Birmingham. He studied geology as an undergraduate at the University of Nottingham and he remained there until 1995, when he returned to Oxford to take up the professorship. He was knighted in 1999, and from 2000 to 2004 he was Chief Scientific Adviser to the Ministry of Defence. After a period as Director General of the Research Councils, he was appointed to lead the newly formed Institute for Security Science and Technology at Imperial College, London in July 2008. On 1 January 2010, following the resignation of Sir Roy Anderson, he became the acting Rector of Imperial College London, in July 2010 he was appointed to a term as Rector. ONions received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2004 He was also appointed as a HonFREng of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2005 and he is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. In 1967 he married Rita Bill with whom he has had three daughters, biography, Department of Trade and Industry Imperial College press release

26.
University of Oxford
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The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris, after disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two ancient universities are frequently referred to as Oxbridge. The university is made up of a variety of institutions, including 38 constituent colleges, All the colleges are self-governing institutions within the university, each controlling its own membership and with its own internal structure and activities. Being a city university, it not have a main campus, instead, its buildings. Oxford is the home of the Rhodes Scholarship, one of the worlds oldest and most prestigious scholarships, the university operates the worlds oldest university museum, as well as the largest university press in the world and the largest academic library system in Britain. Oxford has educated many notable alumni, including 28 Nobel laureates,27 Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom, the University of Oxford has no known foundation date. Teaching at Oxford existed in form as early as 1096. It grew quickly in 1167 when English students returned from the University of Paris, the historian Gerald of Wales lectured to such scholars in 1188 and the first known foreign scholar, Emo of Friesland, arrived in 1190. The head of the university had the title of chancellor from at least 1201, the university was granted a royal charter in 1248 during the reign of King Henry III. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled from the violence to Cambridge, the students associated together on the basis of geographical origins, into two nations, representing the North and the South. In later centuries, geographical origins continued to many students affiliations when membership of a college or hall became customary in Oxford. At about the time, private benefactors established colleges as self-contained scholarly communities. Among the earliest such founders were William of Durham, who in 1249 endowed University College, thereafter, an increasing number of students lived in colleges rather than in halls and religious houses. In 1333–34, an attempt by some dissatisfied Oxford scholars to found a new university at Stamford, Lincolnshire was blocked by the universities of Oxford and Cambridge petitioning King Edward III. Thereafter, until the 1820s, no new universities were allowed to be founded in England, even in London, thus, Oxford and Cambridge had a duopoly, the new learning of the Renaissance greatly influenced Oxford from the late 15th century onwards. Among university scholars of the period were William Grocyn, who contributed to the revival of Greek language studies, and John Colet, the noted biblical scholar. With the English Reformation and the breaking of communion with the Roman Catholic Church, recusant scholars from Oxford fled to continental Europe, as a centre of learning and scholarship, Oxfords reputation declined in the Age of Enlightenment, enrolments fell and teaching was neglected

Diageo plc (or ) is a British multinational alcoholic beverages company, with its headquarters in London, England. It …

Image: CR Gimli

Diageo received major backlash from the public and the Scottish Government following the decision to close Johnnie Walker production in Kilmarnock, Scotland, the birthplace of the brand's founder and production hub since 1820