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Recent documents in Upjohn Researchen-usFri, 22 Feb 2019 01:51:37 PST3600Do SNAP Work Requirements Work?https://research.upjohn.org/up_workingpapers/297
https://research.upjohn.org/up_workingpapers/297Tue, 12 Feb 2019 12:18:11 PST
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act waived Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) work requirements nationally in 2010 and broadened the eligibility for receiving waivers in subsequent years for Able-Bodied Adults without Dependents (ABAWD). From 2011 to 2016, many states voluntarily imposed work requirements, while other areas became ineligible for waivers because of improved economic conditions. Did the work requirements increase employment as intended, or did the policy merely remove food assistance for ABAWD who—despite an improving economy—still could not find employment? Using data from the American Community Survey from 2010 to 2016, I analyze the influence of work requirements on employment and SNAP participation for ABAWD. I find that work requirements significantly decreased SNAP participation and marginally increased employment for ABAWD using Difference-in-Difference-in-Differences estimation. This study contributes to the current policy debates on the effectiveness of expanding or instituting work requirements for welfare programs.
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Timothy F. HarrisUNEMPLOYMENT, DISABILITY, and INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAMSPoverty and income supportIncome support programsEmployment Research, Vol. 26, No. 1, January 2019https://research.upjohn.org/empl_research/vol26/iss1/3
https://research.upjohn.org/empl_research/vol26/iss1/3Wed, 06 Feb 2019 08:08:59 PSTLabor Market Effects of U.S. Sick Pay Mandateshttps://research.upjohn.org/empl_research/vol26/iss1/2
https://research.upjohn.org/empl_research/vol26/iss1/2Wed, 06 Feb 2019 08:08:51 PSTNicolas R. Ziebarth et al.LABOR MARKET ISSUESWages, health insurance and other benefitsRent Control‒Is the Cure Worse Than the Disease?https://research.upjohn.org/empl_research/vol26/iss1/1
https://research.upjohn.org/empl_research/vol26/iss1/1Wed, 06 Feb 2019 08:08:42 PSTBrian J. AsquithECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTRegional policy and planningUrban issuesDo Rent Increases Reduce the Housing Supply under Rent Control? Evidence from Evictions in San Franciscohttps://research.upjohn.org/up_workingpapers/296
https://research.upjohn.org/up_workingpapers/296Tue, 05 Feb 2019 13:04:41 PST
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Brian J. AsquithAn Apple a Day? Adult Food Stamp Eligibility and Health Care Utilization among Immigrantshttps://research.upjohn.org/up_workingpapers/295
https://research.upjohn.org/up_workingpapers/295Tue, 15 Jan 2019 09:02:38 PST
In this study, we document the effect of food stamp access on adult health care utilization. While the Food Stamp Program provides one of the largest safety nets in the United States today, the universal nature of the program across geographic areas and over time limits the potential for quasi-experimental analysis. To circumvent this, we use variation in documented immigrants’ eligibility for food stamps across states and over time due to welfare reform in 1996. Our estimates indicate that access to food stamps reduced physician visits. Additionally, we find that for single women, food stamps increased the affordability of specialty health care. These findings have important implications for cost-benefit analyses of the Food Stamp Program, as reductions in health care utilization because of food stamps may offset some of the program’s impact on the overall government budget owing to the existence of government-provided health insurance programs such as Medicaid.
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Chloe N. East et al.UNEMPLOYMENT, DISABILITY, and INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAMSPoverty and income supportIncome support programsLonger-Run Effects of Anti-Poverty Policies on Disadvantaged Neighborhoodshttps://research.upjohn.org/externalpapers/81
https://research.upjohn.org/externalpapers/81Thu, 20 Dec 2018 06:59:50 PSTDavid Neumark et al.UNEMPLOYMENT, DISABILITY, and INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAMSPoverty and income supportEITCIncome support programsLABOR MARKET ISSUESWages, health insurance and other benefitsMinimum wageBusiness Outlook, Vol. 34, No. 2, Fall 2018https://research.upjohn.org/bus_outlook/vol34/iss2/1
https://research.upjohn.org/bus_outlook/vol34/iss2/1Wed, 05 Dec 2018 08:20:49 PSTW.E. Upjohn InstituteUnobserved Heterogeneity and Labor Market Discriminationhttps://research.upjohn.org/up_workingpapers/294
https://research.upjohn.org/up_workingpapers/294Tue, 27 Nov 2018 09:27:25 PST
Sexual minorities have historically been subject to many kinds of discrimination. Prejudicial treatment in the labor market could arguably be one of them. Despite that, economic literature has remained mostly silent on the topic. This paper fills that void by leveraging on a novel longitudinal data set that collects detailed information on sexual orientation. I develop an empirical strategy that exploits the fact that sexuality is not a dichotomous trait but rather a wide assortment of sexual preferences. I use empirical models that rely on the identification of unobserved heterogeneity, in the forms of skills and sexual orientation, to allow schooling, employment, and income to be endogenously determined. I find that, after controlling for differences in skills distributions, there are no income gaps against employed homosexuals. However, consistent with the existence of discrimination, homosexuals are 10–20 percentage points less likely to be employed than heterosexuals. These gaps cannot be explained by differences in observable characteristics or skills and are larger among men and the college educated. The results suggest that selection on the employment margin contributes to the elimination of the income gaps as only the highly skilled homosexuals—and thus, higher paid—are employed.
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Miguel SarzosaLABOR MARKET ISSUESJob security and unemployment dynamicsWages, health insurance and other benefits