In times of international commitment to a low carbon economy transition, the study innovates by modelling the impacts of both climate change and conflict risks for countries. The indicators also aggregate items like Low Carbon Risk and Economic Resilience.

The report concludes that countries which are highly reliant on carbon intensive industries, like Australia, Russia and Iran, are more vulnerable regarding Low Carbon Risk, while African countries like Rwanda and Uganda reach a good score. On the economic resilience side, North America and Europe are leading the ranking, but countries like Kazakhstan, Botswana, Saudi Arabia and South Korea present a very low level of vulnerability.

Countries which are highly reliant on carbon intensive industries are more vulnerable regarding Low Carbon Risk

According to the consolidated report, the least vulnerable countries are:

Finland

Denmark

Norway

Japan

Netherlands

Sweden

Australia

Slovenia

New Zealand

Austria

The aggregate monitor shows that the most vulnerable countries are in the Middle East and North Africa, due to their conflict history and its role in driving vulnerability. Peacemaking efforts, together with an economic diversification towards a low carbon economy, can drive sustainable development for the most affected regions.