645.03(1)(d)1.1. When in exchange for such property or obligation, as a fair equivalent therefor, and in good faith, property is conveyed or services are rendered or obligation is incurred or an antecedent debt is satisfied; or

645.03(1)(d)2.2. When such property or obligation is received in good faith to secure a present advance or antecedent debt in amount not disproportionately small as compared to the value of the property or obligation obtained.

645.03(1)(e)(e) “General assets" means all property, real, personal or otherwise, not specifically mortgaged, pledged, deposited or otherwise encumbered for the security or benefit of specified persons or limited classes of persons, and as to specifically encumbered property the term includes all such property or its proceeds in excess of the amount necessary to discharge the sums secured thereby. Assets held in trust and on deposit for the security or benefit of all policyholders or all policyholders and creditors, in more than a single state, shall be treated as general assets.

645.03(1)(f)(f) “Insurer" means any person who is doing, has done, purports to do or is licensed to do an insurance business and is or has been subject to the authority of, or to liquidation, rehabilitation, reorganization or conservation by, a commissioner. For purposes of this chapter, all other persons included under s. 645.02 shall be deemed to be insurers.

645.03(1)(g)(g) “Preferred claim" means any claim with respect to which the law accords priority of payment from the general assets of the insurer.

645.03(1)(i)(i) “Reciprocal state" means any state other than this state in which in substance and effect ss. 645.42 (1), 645.83 (1) and (3), 645.84 and 645.86 to 645.89 are in force, and in which provisions are in force requiring that the commissioner be the receiver of a delinquent insurer, and in which some provision exists for the avoidance of fraudulent conveyances and preferential transfers.

645.03(1)(j)(j) “Secured claim" means any claim secured by mortgage, trust deed, pledge, deposit as security, escrow or otherwise, but not including special deposit claims or claims against general assets. The term also includes claims which have become liens upon specific assets by reason of judicial process, except where they have been invalidated.

645.03(1)(k)(k) “Special deposit claim" means any claim secured by a deposit made pursuant to law for the security or benefit of one or more limited classes of persons, but not including any claim secured by general assets.

645.03(1)(L)(L) “Transfer" includes the sale and every other method, direct or indirect, of disposing of or of parting with property or with an interest therein or with the possession thereof or of fixing a lien upon property or upon an interest therein, absolutely or conditionally, voluntarily or involuntarily, by or without judicial proceedings. The retention of a security title to property delivered to a debtor shall be deemed a transfer suffered by the debtor.

645.03(2)(2)Definitions applicable to proceedings involving surety insurance. If the subject of a rehabilitation or liquidation proceeding under this chapter is an insurer engaged in a surety business:

645.03(2)(a)(a) “Beneficiary" as used in this chapter includes an obligee of a bond.

645.03(2)(b)(b) “Insured" as used in this chapter includes both the principal and obligee of a bond.

645.03(2)(c)(c) “Policy" as used in this chapter includes a bond issued by a surety.

645.03(2)(d)(d) “Policyholder" as used in this chapter includes a principal on a bond.

645.035(2)(2) No insurer may commence a bankruptcy proceeding in which the insurer is a debtor.

645.035(3)(3) No person, including an insurer, may commence a bankruptcy proceeding against an insurer.

645.035(4)(4) No board of directors, director or officer of an insurer may authorize the commencement of a bankruptcy proceeding in which the insurer is a debtor or the commencement of a bankruptcy proceeding against an insurer. Any act, resolution, filing or other matter that purports to authorize the commencement of a bankruptcy proceeding in which the insurer is a debtor or against an insurer is void and without effect.

645.035(5)(5) This section applies to all insurers, including but not limited to an insurer doing business as a health maintenance organization, as defined in s. 609.01 (2).

645.04(1)(1)Actions by commissioner. Except as provided in sub. (2) and s. 645.45 (1), no delinquency proceeding may be commenced under this chapter by anyone other than the commissioner of this state and no court has jurisdiction to entertain, hear or determine any proceeding commenced by any other person.

645.04(2)(a)(a) The judgment creditors of 3 or more unrelated judgments may commence proceedings under the conditions and in the manner prescribed in this subsection, by serving notice upon the commissioner and the insurer of intention to file a petition for liquidation under s. 645.41 or 645.82. Each of the judgments must:

645.04(2)(a)1.1. Have been rendered against the insurer by a court in this state having jurisdiction over the subject matter and the insurer;

645.04(2)(a)2.2. Have been entered more than 60 days before the service of notice;

645.04(2)(a)4.4. Not be the subject of a valid contract between the insurer and any judgment creditor for payment of the judgment, unless the contract has been breached by the insurer; and

645.04(2)(a)5.5. Not be a judgment on which an appeal or review is pending.

645.04(2)(b)(b) If any one of the judgments in favor of a petitioning creditor remains unpaid for 30 days after service of the notice, and the commissioner has not then filed a petition for liquidation, the creditor may file in the name of the commissioner a verified petition for liquidation of the insurer under s. 645.41 or 645.82 alleging the conditions stated in this subsection. The commissioner shall be served and joined in the action.

645.04(3)(3)Exclusiveness of proceedings; arbitration clauses. No court of this state has jurisdiction to entertain, hear or determine any complaint praying for the dissolution, liquidation, rehabilitation, sequestration, conservation or receivership of any insurer, or praying for an injunction or restraining order or other relief preliminary to, incidental to or relating to such proceedings other than in accordance with this chapter. An arbitration provision of any contract with an insurer that is subject to a delinquency proceeding under subch. III is not enforceable unless the receiver elects to accept arbitration. Only the court that has jurisdiction of the delinquency proceeding may entertain, hear or determine any matter that otherwise would be subject to an arbitration provision.

645.04(4)(4)Change of venue. Venue for proceedings arising under this chapter shall be laid initially as specified in this chapter. All other actions and proceedings initiated by the receiver may be commenced and tried where the delinquency proceedings are then pending, or where venue would be laid by ss. 801.50 to 801.62 or other applicable law. All other actions and proceedings against the receiver shall be commenced and tried in the county where the delinquency proceedings are pending. At any time upon motion of any party, venue may be changed by order of the court or the presiding judge thereof to any other circuit court in this state, as the convenience of the parties and witnesses and the ends of justice may require. This subsection relates only to venue and is not jurisdictional.

645.04(5)(5)Personal jurisdiction, grounds for. In addition to other grounds for jurisdiction provided by the law of this state, a court of this state having jurisdiction of the subject matter has jurisdiction over a person served pursuant to s. 801.11 in an action brought by the receiver of a domestic insurer or an alien insurer domiciled in this state:

645.04(5)(a)(a) If the person served is obligated to the insurer in any way as an incident to any agency or brokerage arrangement that may exist or has existed between the insurer and the agent or broker, in any action on or incident to the obligation;

645.04(5)(b)(b) If the person served is a reinsurer who has at any time written a policy of reinsurance for an insurer against which a rehabilitation or liquidation order is in effect when the action is commenced, or is an agent or broker of or for the reinsurer, in any action on or incident to the reinsurance contract; or

645.04(5)(c)(c) If the person served is or has been an officer, manager, trustee, organizer, promoter or person in a position of comparable authority or influence in an insurer against which a rehabilitation or liquidation order is in effect when the action is commenced, in any action resulting from the relationship with the insurer.

645.04(6)(6)Change of forum. If the court on motion of any party finds that any action commenced under sub. (5) should as a matter of substantial justice be tried in a forum outside this state, the court may enter an order under s. 801.63 to stay further proceedings on the action in this state.

645.05(1)(1)Injunctions in this state. Any receiver appointed in a proceeding under this chapter may at any time apply for and any court of general jurisdiction in this state may grant, under the relevant sections of ch. 813, such restraining orders, temporary and permanent injunctions, and other orders as are deemed necessary and proper to prevent:

645.05(1)(f)(f) The institution or further prosecution of any actions or proceedings;

645.05(1)(g)(g) The obtaining of preferences, judgments, attachments, garnishments or liens against the insurer or its assets;

645.05(1)(h)(h) The levying of execution against the insurer or its assets;

645.05(1)(i)(i) The making of any sale or deed for nonpayment of taxes or assessments that would lessen the value of the assets of the insurer;

645.05(1)(j)(j) The withholding from the receiver of books, accounts, documents or other records relating to the business of the insurer; or

645.05(1)(k)(k) Any other threatened or contemplated action that might lessen the value of the insurer's assets or prejudice the rights of policyholders, creditors or shareholders, or the administration of the proceeding.

645.05(2)(2)Injunctions elsewhere. The receiver may apply to any court outside of this state for the relief described in sub. (1).

645.05 HistoryHistory: Sup. Ct. Order, 67 Wis. 2d 585, 776 (1975).

645.06645.06
Costs and expenses of litigation. In any proceeding or action brought by the commissioner or a receiver under this chapter, the court may award such costs and other expenses of litigation to the commissioner or receiver as justice requires, without regard to the limitations otherwise prescribed by law.

645.07(1)(1)Duty to cooperate. Any officer, manager, trustee or general agent of any insurer, any attorney representing an insurer on any matter, and any other person with executive authority over or in charge of any segment of the insurer's affairs shall cooperate with the commissioner in any proceeding under this chapter or any investigation preliminary or incidental to the proceeding. “To cooperate" includes:

645.07(1)(a)(a) To reply promptly in writing to any inquiry from the commissioner requesting a reply; and

645.07(1)(b)(b) To make available and deliver to the commissioner any books, accounts, documents or other records, or information or property of or pertaining to the insurer and in the person's possession, custody or control.

645.07(2)(2)Duty not to obstruct. No person may obstruct or interfere with the commissioner in the conduct of any delinquency proceeding or any investigation preliminary or incidental thereto.

645.07(3)(3)Right to defend. This section does not make it illegal to resist by legal proceedings the petition for liquidation or other delinquency proceedings, or other orders.

645.07(4)(4)Sanction. Any person included within sub. (1) who fails to cooperate with the commissioner, or any person who obstructs or interferes with the commissioner in the conduct of any delinquency proceeding or any investigation preliminary or incidental thereto, is subject to s. 601.64.

645.08(1)(1)Bonds. In any proceeding under this chapter the commissioner and the commissioner's deputies are responsible on their official bonds for the faithful performance of their duties. If the court deems it desirable for the protection of the assets, it may at any time require an additional bond from the commissioner or the commissioner's deputies.

645.08(2)(2)Immunity. No civil cause of action may arise against and no civil liability may be imposed upon the state, commissioner, special deputy commissioner, rehabilitator or liquidator, or their employees or agents, or the insurance security fund under ch. 646 or its agents, employees, directors or contributor insurers, for an act or omission by any of them in the performance of their powers and duties under this chapter or in the performance of their powers and duties relating to regulation of the capital or solvency of an insurer under chs. 600 to 646, including the compulsory or security surplus requirements under ch. 623. This subsection does not apply to a civil cause of action arising from an act or omission that is criminal under ch. 943. Such a cause of action, however, may be barred or limited by common law, sovereign immunity, governmental immunity or otherwise by law.

645.09(1)(1)General report of proceedings. The commissioner may include in his or her annual report:

645.09(1)(a)(a)Formal proceedings. The names of the insurers proceeded against under ss. 645.31, 645.41, 645.45, 645.81, 645.82 and 645.84, and such other facts as indicate in reasonable detail the commissioner's formal proceedings under this chapter; and

645.09(1)(b)(b)Informal proceedings. Such facts as generally indicate the utilization and effectiveness of proceedings under ss. 645.21, 645.22 and 645.23.

645.09(2)(a)(a)Causes of delinquency. The commissioner may include in his or her annual report, not later than the 2nd annual report following the initiation of any formal proceedings under this chapter, a detailed analysis of the basic causes and the contributing factors making the initiation of formal proceedings necessary, and may make recommendations for remedial legislation. For this purpose the commissioner may appoint a special assistant qualified in insurance, finance, and accounting to conduct the study and prepare the analysis, and may determine the special assistant's compensation, which shall be paid from the appropriation under s. 20.145 (1) (g) 1.

645.09(2)(b)(b)Final study. The commissioner may include in his or her annual report, not later than the 2nd annual report following discharge of the receiver, a detailed study of the delinquency proceeding for each insurer subjected to a formal proceeding, with an analysis of the problems faced and their solutions. The commissioner may also suggest alternative solutions, as well as other material of interest, for the purpose of assisting and guiding liquidators or rehabilitators in the future. For this purpose the commissioner may appoint a special assistant qualified to conduct the study and prepare the analysis, and may determine his or her compensation, which shall be paid from the appropriation under s. 20.145 (1) (g) 1.

645.09(3)(3)Reports on insurers subject to proceedings. The commissioner as receiver shall make and file annual reports and any other required reports for the companies proceeded against under ss. 645.31, 645.41, 645.45, 645.81, 645.82 and 645.84 in the manner and form and within the time required by law of insurers authorized to do business in this state, and under the same penalties for failure to do so.

645.10645.10
Continuation of delinquency proceedings. Every proceeding commenced before August 5, 1967 is deemed to have commenced under this chapter for the purpose of conducting the proceeding thereafter, except that in the discretion of the commissioner the proceeding may be continued, in whole or in part, as it would have been continued had this chapter not been enacted.

645.11645.11
Effect of amendments of this chapter. Every proceeding commenced under this chapter before December 9, 1979, is subject to the amendments of this chapter by chapter 93, laws of 1979, except as to rights which have fully vested before December 9, 1979.

645.21(1)(1)Summary order after hearing. Whenever the commissioner has reasonable cause to believe, and determines, after a hearing held as prescribed in s. 601.62, that any insurer has committed or engaged in, or is committing or engaging in or is about to commit or engage in any act, practice or transaction, or is in or is about to get into a situation that would subject it to formal delinquency proceedings under this chapter, the commissioner may make and serve upon the insurer and any other persons involved, such orders other than seizure orders under ss. 645.22 and 645.23 as are reasonably necessary to correct, eliminate or remedy such conduct, condition or ground.

645.21(2)(2)Summary order before hearing. If the conditions of sub. (1) are satisfied, and if it appears to the commissioner that irreparable harm to the property or business of the insurer or to the interests of its policyholders, creditors or the public may occur unless the commissioner issues with immediate effect the orders described in sub. (1), the commissioner may make and serve such orders without notice and before hearing, simultaneously serving upon the insurer notice of hearing under s. 601.62.

2015-16 Wisconsin Statutes updated through 2017 Wis. Act 123 and all Supreme Court and Controlled Substances Board Orders effective on or before December 8, 2017. Published and certified under s. 35.18. Changes effective after December 8, 2017 are designated by NOTES. (Published 12-8-17)