BELT TENSIONER WITH INTEGRAL DAMPING

Abstract

A belt tensioner with integral damping for use in tensioning an endless drive belt of a drive system, comprising: a housing including a pivot shaft extending along a longitudinal axis and formed with an outer axial end, and having a horizontal bottom and a circumferential wall extending vertical from the horizontal bottom, the circumferential wall having an inner circumferential wall surface and an outer circumferential wall surface, the housing being mounted rotatably fixed on said pivot shaft; a lever arm mounted pivotally on said pivot shaft and formed with a distal end and a tubular proximal end, the tubular proximal end extending into and operably connected to the housing; a spring element operatively connected to the housing and to the lever arm for pivoting the lever arm about the longitudinal axis in a belt tensioning direction; a pulley assembly mounted on the distal end of the lever arm for receiving an endless drive belt and applying a tensioning force on the endless drive belt upon pivoting the lever arm in the belt tensioning direction, the distal end having the pulley mounted thereon being spaced axially apart from the upper end of the shaft; and a damping cavity including an armplate, the armplate being"mounted on the pivot shaft for providing integral damping for tensioning an endless drive belt of a drive system, the armplate comprising: (a) an armplate having a cup-shaped cavity and a plurality of spaced apart finger elements extending from the circumferential edge; and (b) a friction material on a surface of the armplate for providing at least one contact area having increased friction between the leve.r arm and the armplate

Full Text

BELT TENSIONER WITH INTEGRAL DAMPING
Technical Field
The present invention relates to belt drive systems and, particularly, to a tensioning device for power transmission belts and the like. Specifically, the present invention relates to a tensioning device that is independent of the axial force on the tensioner and which will provide Improved pulley alignment and longer tensioner life. Background Art
In the automobile industry, the various vehicle accessories such as power steering pump, oil and air pump, air conditioner, alternator, and the like, are operated by a single endless belt driven by a pulley connected to the engine crankshaft. Such system is typically referred to as a "serpentine" drive belt system. To provide optimum operating efficiency for the above-mentioned and other various accessories, it is imperative that a predetermined tensioning force be maintained on the drive belt to insure efficient performance of the accessories as well as satisfactory service life for the belt. Because of the length of the drive belt, there is a tendency for the belt to stretch due to wear and vibration, affecting the operating characteristics of the belt driven accessories. Therefore, it is conventional to use a belt tensioning device to provide a constant tensioning force on the belt to compensate for the increased length of the belt due to such stretching. Reference is made to commonly assigned U.S. Patent Nos. 5,030,172; 5,443,424; 5,545,095; 5,718,649; 5,803,850 and 6,206,797, each of which is incorporated herein by reference, for examples of prior art belt tensioners.
A common type of belt tensioner embodies a stationary housing and an angular displaceable lever arm that carries a belt engaging pulley. A coil spring is braced against the stationary housing and displaceable lever arm and biases the latter toward the belt with a

tensioning force varying in accordance with the vibrational nature of the belt. Despite the varying spring force, a substantially constant force acting upon the lever arm is maintained.
It is desirable that a belt tensioner be provided with a damping means to prevent excessive oscillation from occurring in the spring member. Such means is designed to absorb sudden shocks and to prevent a whipping action from occurring in the tensioner and drive belt. This damping means is especially critical when a coil spring is used for applying the belt tensioning force since it is inherent to coil springs to develop natural oscillation frequencies upon applying of the fluctuating counter force by the belt. Such fluctuations diminish the efficiency of the tensioning force of the spring. However, the damping requirements are essential in order to enable the belt system to function over an extended period on a pulsating machine without affecting a tensioning force that acts upon the drive belt.
For example, a belt tensioning device has been proposed in U.S. Patent No. 3,924,483 to Walker et al. wherein there is disclosed a torsional spring for pivotally moving one of the vehicle accessories to achieve the desired tensioning forces. Other tensioners of the above-described type utilize a pair of torsional springs for pivotally moving a lever and an idler pulley into belt tensioning engagement which results in an economic and compact unit. Specifically, in this type of tensioner, each spring is mounted on a respective side of the lever and is engaged with the lever and housing for biasing the intervening lever toward the belt in a belt tensioning direction. Furthermore, the automobile industry has recognized the vibrational environment of an automobile belt system and its effect on spring oscillation.
U.S. Patent No. 4,696,663 discloses a belt tensioner that includes a stationary housing 12, a lever amn 30, and a torsional spring 20

which is braced against the housing and the lever and biases the lever in a belt-tensioning direction. The belt tensioner is equipped with a brake 60 actuated by the spring into frictional engagement with a housing wall 13. Since the torsional spring provides both the tensioning force for the lever and the actuating brake force, the amount of damping is proportional to the belt tensioning force.
U.S. Patent No. 4,473,362 discloses a separate damping body 108 whose damping characteristics are not constant but vary proportionately with the position of a pivot structure 40 relative to a stationary structure 36. A coil spring is mounted between the fixed and pivoted structures for resiliency biasing the latter in a direction away from the first limiting position thereof toward the second limiting position with a spring force, which increases as the pivot structure is displaced toward the belt. The damping body has a relatively tight fit at its inner periphery with the lower outer periphery of a core member 48 and a relatively loose fit between its exterior periphery and an interior periphery of the pivot structure. Angular displacement of the pivot structure between its first and second limiting positions is accompanied by a sliding movement between the exterior periphery of the damping body and the inner periphery of a mounting portion of the contacting surfaces and varies in accordance with the position of the pivot stmcture, the amount of friction likely varies as well and, hence, the torsional force required to overcome the frictional force may also vary. Thus, the arm advantageously experiences a greater damping effect in a belt-releasing direction.
Commonly assigned U.S. Patent No. 6,206,797 to Quintus discloses belt tensioner configurations that create damping by increasing friction between the spring bushing arm and spring case and between the armplate bushing, armplate and arm. The increase in friction is achieved by increasing the axial load on the tensioner components using springs or

deflected armplates. While providing effective damping, this configuration also increases the loads on critical wear areas that are essential to maintaining the alignment of the pulley. Accordingly, it is desirable to have a structure which overcomes the above-discussed drawbacks. Disclosure of the Invention
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a belt tensioner with damping that is independent of the axial force of the tensioner.
It is another object of the invention to provide a belt tensioner with a high level of damping while reducing the forces on critical wear areas.
It Is still another object of the invention to provide a belt tensioner having improved pulley alignment.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a belt tensioner having a longer tensioner life.
It is another object of the invention to improve assembly methods of a belt tensioner to achieve proper level of damping by eliminating precise positioning of the armpiate.
The above objects are achieved in accordance with the invention wherein a belt tensioner includes integral damping that is independent of the axial force on the tensioner. The damper comprises an arm and a spring steel annplate that has been formed in a cup shape. The edges of the cup-shaped armpiate are modified to provide "fingers" which act as springs to provide force in a radial direction. A friction^ material is included between the fingers and the arm to form a contact area which increases friction between the arm and the armpiate thus producing damping. The friction material is characterized, in an exemplary embodiment, as a polymeric material; however, it is within the scope of the invention to utilize suitable alternative materials, or combinations of

materials or components, which exhibit characteristics effective to increase friction between the arm and the armplate of the present invention. In accordance with the invention, the friction material may be co-molded onto either the inner or outer portion of the cupped armplate. If the friction material is co-molded onto the cupped armplate, it may also include a provision to seal the tensioner to prevent contamination from entering the damping cavity of the belt tensioner.
The armplate is keyed to a pivot means of the tensioner to prevent rotation of the armplate and provide relative movement between the friction material and the arm. Since the damping force is independent of the axial force needed to hold the tensioner assembly together, bushings disposed in the tensioner to keep the arm aligned will wear less, increasing the life of the tensioner. Methods of assembling the tensioner of the present invention are also improved because precise positioning of the armplate to achieve proper level of damping is eliminated.
According to the invention, the above-described belt tensioner allows a high level of integral damping while reducing the forces on critical wear areas, providing improved pulley alignment and longer tensioner life. Brief Description of the Drawings
The features of the invention, and its technical advantages, can be seen from the following description of the preferred embodiments together with the claims and the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a.top plan view of the belt tensioner having integral damping of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken through line 2-2 of the belt tensioner of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a perspective, exploded view of the belt tensioner of FIG. 1.

Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments
Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a belt tensioner in accordance with the invention, wherein the belt tensioner 10 includes a lever arm 12 having a plurality of stops 14 which extend radially outward from the outer periphery 16 of the lever arm 12 to limit the rotation of the arm 12, a housing 18 into which the lever arm 12 is disposed, tensioner armplate (damper) 20 having a plurality of finger elements 22 extending from the peripheral edge of the armplate 20 to provide a spring focce in a radial direction, and a locking member 24 for securing the armplate 20 to the housing 18. The lever arm 12 further includes a support member 26 fixedly attached to and extending outwardly from the lever arm 12 for accepting and supporting a pulley assembly 28 (FIG. 3) which includes a pulley 30, a mounting bolt or pin 32 and a mounting aperture 34 into which the mounting bolt or pin 32 is connected to secure the pulley 30 to the support member 26.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the belt tensioner comprises:
a pivot shaft 42 extending along a longitudinal axis and formed with an outer axial end 44;
a housing 46 having a horizontal bottom 48 and a circumferential wall 50 extending vertically from the horizontal bottom ar\d having an inner circumferential wall surface 52 and an outer circumferential wall surface 54. The housing is mounted and rotatably fixed on the pivot shaft 42;
a lever arm 12 mounted pivotally on the pivot shaft-42 and formed with a distal end 56 and a tubular proximal end 58, the tubular proximal end extending into and operably connected to the housing 46;
a pivot bushing 60 having an inner circumferential wall surface 62 and an outer circumferential wall surface 64 to aid in maintaining alignment of the lever arm 12, the pivot bushing 60 being

axially disposed on the outer surface of the pivot shaft 42 such that said inner circumferential wall surface 62 is adjacent to an outer surface of a sleeve 66 surrounding the pivot shaft 42 in housing 46 and extending along the longitudinal axis;
a spring element 68, preferably a steel coil spring, operatively connected to the housing 46 and to a lever arm 12 for pivoting the lever arm 12 about the longitudinal axis in a belt-tensioning direction;
a spring bushing 70 axially disposed between the spring element 68 and the lever arm 12, the spring bushing 70 having an outer circumference commensurate with the circumference of the outer circumferential surface of the vertical circumferential side wall 50 of housing 46, and an inner circumference commensurate with the outer circumferential wall 72 of the tubular proximal end 58 of the lever arm;
a pulley assembly 28 mounted on the distal end of the lever arm 12 for receiving an endless drive belt (not shown) and applying a tensioning force on the endless drive belt upon pivoting the lever arm in a belt-tensioning direction, the distal end having the pulley mounted thereon being spaced axially apart from the upper end of said pivot shaft 42; and
an armplate assembly including a cup-shaped armplate 20, the armplate 20 is preferably made of spring steel and is fixedly mounted on the pivot shaft 42 to provide integral damping for tensioning an endless drive belt of a drive system, the armplate assembly comprises:
(a) an annplate having a cup-shaped cavity having a circumferential edge 78 and a plurality of spaced apart finger elements 22 extending from said circumferential edge 78; and
(b) a friction material 80 disposed between the finger elements 22 and on a surface of the armplate 20 for providing at

least one contact area having increased friction between the lever arm 12 and said arnnplate 20.
If desired, a suitable polymeric anti-friction tape 69, such as a Teflon tape, can be disposed between the coils of te spring 68 as is readily known in the art.
The plurality of finger elements 22 extend generally upward and are configured to have one or more angular surfaces 36. Each of the finger elements 22 act as a spring to provide a force in a radial direction upon the side wall 38 of the armplate bushing 40. Armplate bushing 40 includes a cutout portion 41 which allows the armplate bushing 40 to easily fit into the damper cavity in the lever arm 12. Typically, the finger elements 22 are made of a rigid material which can provide spring-like characteristics when the fingers are bent upward in a radial direction. The finger elements preferably contain more than one angular surface which enhance the spring-like characteristics to produce a more uniform and enduring pressure. The frnger elements 22 of the armplate 20, the side wall 38 and the armplate bushing 40 create friction while providing damping.
A friction material 80, such as a wear resistant plastic material, is disposed between the finger elements 22 and the lever arm 12. Exemplary wear resistant material include, e.g., polyamides (PA); polyetherimides (PEI); polysulfones (PS); polyethersulfones (PES); polyoxymethylenes (POM), e.g., polyacetals; polyetheretherketones (PEEK); polyphenylene sulfides (PPS); polyphthalamides (PPA); polyphthalimides ^ (PPI); and the like, or mixtures or blends thereof. Preferably, the friction material 80 is a polyamide such as nylon 6, nylon 4, nylon 9, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 66, nylon 610, nylon 611, or nylon 46. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the polyamide friction material 80 is co-molded onto the armplate 20 wherein the friction material"80

includes a sealing means such as a series of labyrinths or flanges, or a portion of the armplte bushing 40 contacts the lever arm 12 to form a seal to prevent contaminates from entering the damping cavity.
The pivot bushing 60 has one flared end which faces the horizontal bottom 48 of housing 46. The pivot bushing 60 further contains a plurality of grooves 84, each of which extends the longitudinal length of the pivot bushing 60. The pivot bushing 60 is secured to the horizontal bottom 48 of the housing 46 via a corresponding number of small notches located in the bottom inner corner of each of the ribs 82 which protrude radially outward from the sleeve 66 on the bottom of the housing 46.
The pulley assembly 28 includes a pulley 30 containing a bearing 86 such as a ball bearing and mounting means such as a mounting bolt or pin for mounting the pulley and fixedly attaching the pulley assembly 28 to the distal end of lever arm 12. The outer peripheral surface of the pulley 30 comprises a plurality of protrusions 88 and recesses 90 thereon, said plurality of protrusions 88 and recesses 90 extending circumferentially around the pulley 30. The protrusions and recesses may be in the form of V-shaped projections and recesses, truncated V-shaped projections and recesses or any other useful design.
While the above disclosure has described various ehnbodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and is susceptible to numerous changes and modifications as known to those skilled in the art. Therefore, this invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein, and includes all such changes and modifications as are encompassed by the scope and spirit of the appended claims.

WE CLAIM :
1. A belt tensioner with integral damping for tensioning an endless, drive belt of a drive system, said belt tensioner (10) characterized by:
a housing (46) comprising a pivot shaft (42) extending along a longitudinal axis and formed with an outer axial end;
a lever arm (12) mounted pivotally on said pivot shaft (42) and formed with a distal end (56) and a tubular proximal end (58), said tubular proximal end extending into and operably connected to said housing (46);
a spring element (68) operatively connected to said housing (46) and to said lever arm (12) for pivoting said lever arm about said longitudinal axis in a beh tensioning direction;
an armplate assembly fixedly mounted on said pivot shaft (42) to provide integral damping for tensioning an endless drive belt of a drive system, said armplate assembly comprising:
(a) an armplate (20) having a cup-shaped cavity having a circumferential edge (78) and a plurality of spaced apart finger elements (22) extending from said circumferential edge; and
(b) a friction material (80) for providing at least one contact area having increased friction between said lever arm(12) and said armplate (20); and
a pulley (30) mounted on said distal end (56) of said lever arm (12) for receiving an endless drive belt and applying a tensioning force on said endless drive belt upon pivoting said lever arm (12) in said belt tensioning direction, said distal end (56) having said pulley (30) mounted thereon being spaced axially apart from said proximal end (58) of said pivot shaft (42).
2. The belt tensioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein said housing (46) has a horizontal bottom (48), a plurality of ridges (82) adjacent said horizontal bottom, said ridges (82) extending radially outward from said pivot shaft (42), and a circumferential wall (50) extending vertical from said horizontal bottom, said circumferential

wall having an inner circumferential wall surface (52) and an outer circumferential wall surface (54),or in that said friction material (80) is on at least one surface of said armplate (20), which may be made of spring steel, or in that said lever arm (12) comprises a damping cavity for accepting an armplate assembly, or in that said plurality of spaced apart finger elements (22) extend angularly upward from said circumferential edge(78), wherein said finger elements (22) may act as springs to provide force in a radial direction, and may be configured to provide a high degree of damping, or in that said friction material(80) is co-molded onto the armplate (20), wherein said friction material (80) may include sealing means to prevent contaminates from entering the damping cavity, wherein said sealing means may be one or more labyrinths, one or more flanges, or one or more portions of an armplate bushing (40) in contact with said lever arm (12).
3. The belt tensioner as claimed in claims 1 or 2, comprising a pivot bushing (60) having an inner cu-cumferential wall surface (62) and an outer circumferential wall surface (64) to aid in maintaining alignment of said lever arm (12), said pivot bushing (60) being axially disposed on the outer surface of said pivot shaft (42) such that said inner circumferential wall surface (62) is adjacent to an outer surface of said pivot shaft in said housing (46) and extending along said longitudinal axis, or by a spring bushing (70) axially disposed between said spring element (68) and said lever arm (12), said spring bushing (70) having an outer circumference commensurate with the circumference of said outer circumferential surface (54) of said vertical circumferential wall (50) of said housing (46), and an inner circumference commensurate with the outer circumferential wall of said tubular proximal end (58) of said lever arm (12), or by an armplate bushing (40) disposed between said armplate (20) and said lever arm (12) to aid in

maintaining alignment of said lever arm, wherein said armplate bushing (40) may include a cutout portion (41) to allow the armplate bushing to tensionally fit in the damper cavity.
4. The belt tensioner as claimed in any of claims 1-3, wherein said pulley(30) has an outer peripheral surface, said peripheral surface comprising a plurality of alternating ridges (88) and recesses (90) extending circumferentially around said peripheral surface of said pulley (30), wherein said pulley (30) may be operably connected to a hub on said distal end (56) of said lever arm (12) using a mounting means (32) extending through an axial opening in said pulley (30), said mounting means (32) may include a mounting bolt or mounting pin.
5. The belt tensioner as claimed in any of claims 1-4, wherein said spring element (68) is a coil spring, and may be made of steel.
6. A method for assembling a belt tensioner (10) having integral damping, said method comprising:
providing a housing (46) comprising a pivot shaft (42), said pivot shaft extending along a longitudinal axis and formed with an outer axial end;
assembling a pivot bushing (60) adjacent said pivot shaft (42) in said housing (46); providing a coil spring element (68) around said pivot shaft (42);
assembling an annular spring bushing (70) axially disposed adjacent said coil spring element (68);
assembling a lever arm (12) on said pivot shaft (42), said lever arm (12) formed with a distal end (56) and a tubular proximal end (58), said tubular proximal end extending into and operably connected to said housing (46);

assembling an armplate assembly comprising:
(a) an armplate (20) having a cup-shaped cavity circumferential edge (78) and a plurality
of spaced apart finger elements (22) acting as springs and extending angularly upward from said
circumferential edge (78) to provide force in a radial direction, wherein said finger elements
(22) are configured to provide a high degree of damping; and
(b) a friction material (80) disposed between said plurality of spaced apart finger
elements (22) and said lever arm (12) for providing at least one contact area having increased
friction between said lever arm (12) and said armplate (20); and
assembling a pulley assembly on said distal end (56) of said lever arm (12), said pulley assembly comprising a pulley (30), wherein said pulley has an outer peripheral surface, said outer peripheral surface comprising a plurality of alternating ridges (88) and recesses (90) extending circumferentially around said peripheral surface of said pulley (30) for receiving an endless drive belt and applying a tensioning force on said endless drive belt upon pivoting said lever arm (12) in said belt tensioning direction; and
assembling said housing (46), said pivot bushing (60), said coil spring (68), said spring bushing (70), said lever arm (12), said armplate assembly and said pulley (30) in sequential steps to form a belt tensioner (10) with integral damping.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6 wherein said sequential steps comprises:
(1) positioning said pivot bushing (60) adjacent said pivot shaft (42) in said housing (46);
(2) positioning said coil spring (68) around said pivot shaft (42) in said housing (46) and coupling said coil spring to said housing;
(3) positioning said spring bushing (70) adjacent said positioned coil spring(68);

(4) positioning said lever arm (12) on said pivot shaft (42) such that said tubular proximal end (58) extends into said housing(46);
(5) operably connecting said armplate assembly to said lever arm (12); and (6) mounting said pulley assembly on said distal end (56) of said lever arm(12).

8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said housing (46) has a horizontal bottom (48) and a circumferential wall (50) extending vertical from said horizontal bottom, said circumferential wall having an inner circumferential wall surface (52) and an outer circumferential wall surface (54), said housing (46) comprising a plurality of internal ridges (82) extending radially on said horizontal bottom (48), or in that said pivot bushing (60) has an outer circumferential wall surface (64) to aid in maintaining alignment of said lever arm (12), said pivot bushing (60) being axially disposed on the outer surface of said pivot shaft (42) in said housing (46) and extending along said longitudinal axis.
9. The method as claimed in claims 7 or 8, wherein said coil spring element (68) is operatively connected to said housing (46) and to said lever arm (12) for pivoting said lever arm about said longitudinal axis in a belt tensioning direction.
10. The method as claimed in any of claims 7-9, wherein said sequential step 5 comprises positioning said armplate assembly into said damping cavity and onto said pivot shaft (42), said armplate assembly comprising a cup-shape spring steel armplate (20) and a friction material (80) having an aperture therein disposed between said armplate (20) and said lever arm (12) to aid in maintaining alignment of said lever arm, said armplate assembly comprising:
(a) an armplate (20) having a cup-shaped cavity having a circumferential edge (78) and a plurality of spaced apart finger elements (22) acting as springs and extending angularly upward

from said circumferential edge (78) to provide force in a radial direction, wherein said finger elements (22) are configured to provide a high degree of damping; and
(b) a friction material(80) between said plurality of spaced apart finger elements (22) and said lever arm (12) for providing at least one contact area having increased friction between said lever arm (12) and said armplate (20).