The Aesthetic Brain takes the reader on a wide-ranging journey addressing fundamental questions about aesthetics and art. Using neuroscience and evolutionary psychology, Chatterjee shows ...
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The Aesthetic Brain takes the reader on a wide-ranging journey addressing fundamental questions about aesthetics and art. Using neuroscience and evolutionary psychology, Chatterjee shows how beauty, pleasure, and art are grounded biologically, and offers explanations for why beauty, pleasure, and art exist at all.Less

The Aesthetic Brain : How We Evolved to Desire Beauty and Enjoy Art

Anjan Chatterjee, MD

Published in print: 2013-11-22

The Aesthetic Brain takes the reader on a wide-ranging journey addressing fundamental questions about aesthetics and art. Using neuroscience and evolutionary psychology, Chatterjee shows how beauty, pleasure, and art are grounded biologically, and offers explanations for why beauty, pleasure, and art exist at all.

Scientists' understanding of two central problems in neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy has been greatly influenced by the work of David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel: What is it to see? This ...
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Scientists' understanding of two central problems in neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy has been greatly influenced by the work of David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel: What is it to see? This relates to the machinery that underlies visual perception, How do we acquire the brain's mechanisms for vision? This is the nature-nurture question as to whether the nerve connections responsible for vision are innate or whether they develop through experience in the early life of an animal or human. This is a book about the collaboration between Hubel and Wiesel, which began in 1958, lasted until about 1982, and led to a Nobel Prize in 1981. It opens with short biographies of both men, describes the state of the field when they started, and talks about the beginnings of their collaboration. It emphasizes the importance of various mentors in their lives, especially Stephen W. Kuffler, who opened up the field by studying the cat retina in 1950, and founded the department of neurobiology at Harvard Medical School, where most of their work was done. The main part of the book consists of Hubel and Wiesel's most important publications. Each reprinted paper is preceded by a foreword that tells how they went about the research, what the difficulties and the pleasures were, and whether they felt a paper was important and why. Each is also followed by an afterword describing how the paper was received and what developments have occurred since its publication. The reader learns things that are often absent from typical scientific publications, including whether the work was difficult, fun, personally rewarding, exhilarating, or just plain tedious. The book ends with a summing-up of the present state of the field.Less

Brain and Visual Perception : The Story of a 25-year Collaboration

DAVID H. HUBELTORSTEN N. WIESEL

Published in print: 2004-11-11

Scientists' understanding of two central problems in neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy has been greatly influenced by the work of David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel: What is it to see? This relates to the machinery that underlies visual perception, How do we acquire the brain's mechanisms for vision? This is the nature-nurture question as to whether the nerve connections responsible for vision are innate or whether they develop through experience in the early life of an animal or human. This is a book about the collaboration between Hubel and Wiesel, which began in 1958, lasted until about 1982, and led to a Nobel Prize in 1981. It opens with short biographies of both men, describes the state of the field when they started, and talks about the beginnings of their collaboration. It emphasizes the importance of various mentors in their lives, especially Stephen W. Kuffler, who opened up the field by studying the cat retina in 1950, and founded the department of neurobiology at Harvard Medical School, where most of their work was done. The main part of the book consists of Hubel and Wiesel's most important publications. Each reprinted paper is preceded by a foreword that tells how they went about the research, what the difficulties and the pleasures were, and whether they felt a paper was important and why. Each is also followed by an afterword describing how the paper was received and what developments have occurred since its publication. The reader learns things that are often absent from typical scientific publications, including whether the work was difficult, fun, personally rewarding, exhilarating, or just plain tedious. The book ends with a summing-up of the present state of the field.

Broca's region has been in the news ever since scientists realized that particular cognitive functions could be localized to parts of the cerebral cortex. Its discoverer, Paul Broca, was one of the ...
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Broca's region has been in the news ever since scientists realized that particular cognitive functions could be localized to parts of the cerebral cortex. Its discoverer, Paul Broca, was one of the first researchers to argue for a direct connection between a concrete behavior—in this case, the use of language—and a specific cortical region. Today, Broca's region is perhaps the most famous part of the human brain, and for over a century, has persisted as the focus of intense research and numerous debates. The name has even penetrated mainstream culture through popular science and the theater. Broca's region is famous for a good reason: As language is one of the most distinctive human traits, the cognitive mechanisms that support it and the tissues in which these mechanisms are housed are also quite complex, and so have the potential to reveal a lot not only about how words, phrases, sentences, and grammatical rules are instantiated in neural tissue, but also, and more broadly, about how brain function relates to behavior. Paul Broca's discoveries were an important, driving force behind the more general effort to relate complex behavior to particular parts of the cerebral cortex, which, significantly, produced the first brain maps.Less

Broca's Region

Published in print: 2006-05-25

Broca's region has been in the news ever since scientists realized that particular cognitive functions could be localized to parts of the cerebral cortex. Its discoverer, Paul Broca, was one of the first researchers to argue for a direct connection between a concrete behavior—in this case, the use of language—and a specific cortical region. Today, Broca's region is perhaps the most famous part of the human brain, and for over a century, has persisted as the focus of intense research and numerous debates. The name has even penetrated mainstream culture through popular science and the theater. Broca's region is famous for a good reason: As language is one of the most distinctive human traits, the cognitive mechanisms that support it and the tissues in which these mechanisms are housed are also quite complex, and so have the potential to reveal a lot not only about how words, phrases, sentences, and grammatical rules are instantiated in neural tissue, but also, and more broadly, about how brain function relates to behavior. Paul Broca's discoveries were an important, driving force behind the more general effort to relate complex behavior to particular parts of the cerebral cortex, which, significantly, produced the first brain maps.

This book presents a comprehensive account of the regions of the brain that control the performance of skilled voluntary movements, especially the accurate and precise control of the use of the ...
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This book presents a comprehensive account of the regions of the brain that control the performance of skilled voluntary movements, especially the accurate and precise control of the use of the fingers and the hand by monkeys and humans. The significance of recent and clinical observations concerning the details of the cortico-cortical connections that contribute to the determination of these functions is discussed.Less

Corticospinal Function and Voluntary Movement

Robert PorterRoger Lemon

Published in print: 1995-09-28

This book presents a comprehensive account of the regions of the brain that control the performance of skilled voluntary movements, especially the accurate and precise control of the use of the fingers and the hand by monkeys and humans. The significance of recent and clinical observations concerning the details of the cortico-cortical connections that contribute to the determination of these functions is discussed.

Dendrites are complex neuronal structures that receive and integrate synaptic input from other nerve cells. They therefore play a critical role in brain function. Although dendrites were discovered ...
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Dendrites are complex neuronal structures that receive and integrate synaptic input from other nerve cells. They therefore play a critical role in brain function. Although dendrites were discovered over a century ago, due to the development of powerful new techniques there has been a dramatic resurgence of interest in the properties and function of these beautiful structures. This is the first book to be devoted exclusively to dendrites. It contains a comprehensive survey of the current state of dendritic research across a wide range of topics, from dendritic morphology, evolution, development, and plasticity through to the electrical, biochemical, and computational properties of dendrites, and finally to the key role of dendrites in brain disease. The third edition has been thoroughly revised, with each chapter updated or completely rewritten by leading experts, plus the addition of a number of new chapters. “Dendrites” should be of interest to researchers and students in neuroscience and related fields, as well as to anyone interested in how the brain works.Less

Dendrites

Published in print: 2016-03-01

Dendrites are complex neuronal structures that receive and integrate synaptic input from other nerve cells. They therefore play a critical role in brain function. Although dendrites were discovered over a century ago, due to the development of powerful new techniques there has been a dramatic resurgence of interest in the properties and function of these beautiful structures. This is the first book to be devoted exclusively to dendrites. It contains a comprehensive survey of the current state of dendritic research across a wide range of topics, from dendritic morphology, evolution, development, and plasticity through to the electrical, biochemical, and computational properties of dendrites, and finally to the key role of dendrites in brain disease. The third edition has been thoroughly revised, with each chapter updated or completely rewritten by leading experts, plus the addition of a number of new chapters. “Dendrites” should be of interest to researchers and students in neuroscience and related fields, as well as to anyone interested in how the brain works.

This book provides a comprehensive, easy-to-read survey of excitatory amino acids and synaptic transmission. It begins with descriptions of the structure, function, and pharmacology of both the ...
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This book provides a comprehensive, easy-to-read survey of excitatory amino acids and synaptic transmission. It begins with descriptions of the structure, function, and pharmacology of both the ionotropic and the metabotropic glutamate receptors and the glutamate transporters. Subsequent chapters deal with molecular aspects of the regulation of glutamatergic transmission, including receptor trafficking, the role of glutamate transport, the unique molecular architecture of the synapses (post-synaptic density), and the signal transduction pathways mediated by glutamate. Also unique to the book is a chapter on synaptic plasticity that covers long-term potentiation and long-term depression in relationship to synaptic function. It is striking that glutamate is implicated in most of the major neurological diseases, such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia.Less

Excitatory Amino Acid Transmission in Health and Disease

Robert BalazsRichard J. BridgesCarl W. Cotman

Published in print: 2005-10-13

This book provides a comprehensive, easy-to-read survey of excitatory amino acids and synaptic transmission. It begins with descriptions of the structure, function, and pharmacology of both the ionotropic and the metabotropic glutamate receptors and the glutamate transporters. Subsequent chapters deal with molecular aspects of the regulation of glutamatergic transmission, including receptor trafficking, the role of glutamate transport, the unique molecular architecture of the synapses (post-synaptic density), and the signal transduction pathways mediated by glutamate. Also unique to the book is a chapter on synaptic plasticity that covers long-term potentiation and long-term depression in relationship to synaptic function. It is striking that glutamate is implicated in most of the major neurological diseases, such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia.

A well-known example of filling-in involves the blind spot, a region in the back of the eye that is devoid of photoreceptors. The term blind spot is somewhat of a misnomer, because the corresponding ...
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A well-known example of filling-in involves the blind spot, a region in the back of the eye that is devoid of photoreceptors. The term blind spot is somewhat of a misnomer, because the corresponding region of visual space is not simply perceived as dark, as one would expect. Instead, it is “filled-in” with the same color and texture as the surrounding background. This phenomenon is often considered as little more than a curiosity. However, this book argues that completion mechanisms similar to those that fill in the blind spot are pervasive and necessary for normal perception. The book reviews evidence suggesting a link between particular neural processes and the perception of filling-in. It then introduces the idea that these processes can instigate various types of long-term neural plasticity, which may underlie recovery and rehabilitation after peripheral injury, as well as other types of skill learning. The connection between completion phenomena and long-term plasticity is explored not only in the visual system, but also in the auditory, somatosensory, and motor systems.Less

Filling-In : From Perceptual Completion to Cortical Reorganization

Published in print: 2003-04-10

A well-known example of filling-in involves the blind spot, a region in the back of the eye that is devoid of photoreceptors. The term blind spot is somewhat of a misnomer, because the corresponding region of visual space is not simply perceived as dark, as one would expect. Instead, it is “filled-in” with the same color and texture as the surrounding background. This phenomenon is often considered as little more than a curiosity. However, this book argues that completion mechanisms similar to those that fill in the blind spot are pervasive and necessary for normal perception. The book reviews evidence suggesting a link between particular neural processes and the perception of filling-in. It then introduces the idea that these processes can instigate various types of long-term neural plasticity, which may underlie recovery and rehabilitation after peripheral injury, as well as other types of skill learning. The connection between completion phenomena and long-term plasticity is explored not only in the visual system, but also in the auditory, somatosensory, and motor systems.

The nerve impulse is the basis of all human thoughts and emotions, and of all sensations and movements. As such, it has been the subject of scientific enquiry for more than two centuries, beginning ...
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The nerve impulse is the basis of all human thoughts and emotions, and of all sensations and movements. As such, it has been the subject of scientific enquiry for more than two centuries, beginning with Galvani’s chance observation that a frog’s leg twitched in response to an electrostatic discharge nearby. From being a metaphysical concept, the impulse became a phenomenon that could be recorded and have its velocity determined. However, the nature of the brief permeability changes in the nerve membrane that made the impulse possible, and of the way in which the nerve endings influenced the excitability of connecting neurons, remained problems that taxed the ingenuity of physiologists for many years. An important breakthrough was the discovery of giant nerve fibres in the squid, fibres large enough for new techniques to be employed, as in the voltage-clamp experiments of Hodgkin and Huxley immediately after World War II. The story culminates with the recent discovery of the 3-dimensional structure and detailed functioning of the ion channels, following MacKinnon’s X-ray diffraction studies, and with the revelation that a host of clinical disorders result from malfunction of the ion channels.Less

Galvani’s Spark : The Story of the Nerve Impulse

Alan McComas

Published in print: 2011-08-08

The nerve impulse is the basis of all human thoughts and emotions, and of all sensations and movements. As such, it has been the subject of scientific enquiry for more than two centuries, beginning with Galvani’s chance observation that a frog’s leg twitched in response to an electrostatic discharge nearby. From being a metaphysical concept, the impulse became a phenomenon that could be recorded and have its velocity determined. However, the nature of the brief permeability changes in the nerve membrane that made the impulse possible, and of the way in which the nerve endings influenced the excitability of connecting neurons, remained problems that taxed the ingenuity of physiologists for many years. An important breakthrough was the discovery of giant nerve fibres in the squid, fibres large enough for new techniques to be employed, as in the voltage-clamp experiments of Hodgkin and Huxley immediately after World War II. The story culminates with the recent discovery of the 3-dimensional structure and detailed functioning of the ion channels, following MacKinnon’s X-ray diffraction studies, and with the revelation that a host of clinical disorders result from malfunction of the ion channels.

This book provides a multifaceted account of cannabis, a plant that is used widely both recreationally and as a medicine, as it has been over many centuries. Thus, it presents a brief account of the ...
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This book provides a multifaceted account of cannabis, a plant that is used widely both recreationally and as a medicine, as it has been over many centuries. Thus, it presents a brief account of the pharmacological history of cannabis and describes the cultivation and genotypic variability of this plant, the national and international regulation of cannabis and its many “cannabinoid” constituents, and the chemical structures and known pharmacological properties of some of these constituents, as well as their pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and forensic detection. In addition, it considers the benefits and risks to patients of taking cannabis-derived “phytocannabinoids” and synthetic cannabinoids that have already emerged as licensed medicines, describes pharmacological actions and effects that seem to underlie the approved therapeutic uses of these cannabinoids, and identifies an ever growing number of new wide-ranging potential clinical applications for phytocannabinoids. Also discussed in this book are the sought-after and adverse effects of cannabis when it is used as a recreational drug, how these adverse effects might be minimized, and the existence in certain countries of “coffee shops” or dispensaries from which cannabis can be purchased “legally” either for recreational use or for self-medication. The final chapter describes the emergence as recreational drugs of synthetic cannabinoids, considers whether these “designer drugs” are more harmful than cannabis, discusses the limitations of their current legal control, and describes their forensic detection.Less

Handbook of Cannabis

Published in print: 2014-08-21

This book provides a multifaceted account of cannabis, a plant that is used widely both recreationally and as a medicine, as it has been over many centuries. Thus, it presents a brief account of the pharmacological history of cannabis and describes the cultivation and genotypic variability of this plant, the national and international regulation of cannabis and its many “cannabinoid” constituents, and the chemical structures and known pharmacological properties of some of these constituents, as well as their pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and forensic detection. In addition, it considers the benefits and risks to patients of taking cannabis-derived “phytocannabinoids” and synthetic cannabinoids that have already emerged as licensed medicines, describes pharmacological actions and effects that seem to underlie the approved therapeutic uses of these cannabinoids, and identifies an ever growing number of new wide-ranging potential clinical applications for phytocannabinoids. Also discussed in this book are the sought-after and adverse effects of cannabis when it is used as a recreational drug, how these adverse effects might be minimized, and the existence in certain countries of “coffee shops” or dispensaries from which cannabis can be purchased “legally” either for recreational use or for self-medication. The final chapter describes the emergence as recreational drugs of synthetic cannabinoids, considers whether these “designer drugs” are more harmful than cannabis, discusses the limitations of their current legal control, and describes their forensic detection.

The head carries most of the sensory systems that enable us to function effectively in our three-dimensional habitat. Without adequate head movement control, efficient spatial orientation and motor ...
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The head carries most of the sensory systems that enable us to function effectively in our three-dimensional habitat. Without adequate head movement control, efficient spatial orientation and motor responses to visual and auditory stimuli could not be carried out. This book is an account of the control of vertebrate head movements and its biomechanical and neural basis. It covers the entire spectrum of research on head-neck movements, ranging from the global description and analysis of a particular behavior to its underlying mechanisms at the level of neurotransmitter release and membrane biophysics. Physiological and anatomical aspects are stressed. The role of head movements in upright stance and other functional contexts within the vertebrate hierarchy is juxtaposed with the mechanisms of orienting behavior in a number of invertebrates. This reveals a plethora of solutions among different animal species for the problem of orientation in three-dimensional space. Although head movement control in humans figures prominently in this volume, the anatomical-physiological comparisons show that the human system is not unique. The conference from which this volume originated surveyed research and theory on motor control mechanisms in the head-neck sensory-motor system. It was held in Fontainbleau, France, from July 17–24, 1989. The book provides a broad panorama of methodological and theoretical approaches to the field of head movement control.Less

The Head-Neck Sensory Motor System

Published in print: 1992-04-16

The head carries most of the sensory systems that enable us to function effectively in our three-dimensional habitat. Without adequate head movement control, efficient spatial orientation and motor responses to visual and auditory stimuli could not be carried out. This book is an account of the control of vertebrate head movements and its biomechanical and neural basis. It covers the entire spectrum of research on head-neck movements, ranging from the global description and analysis of a particular behavior to its underlying mechanisms at the level of neurotransmitter release and membrane biophysics. Physiological and anatomical aspects are stressed. The role of head movements in upright stance and other functional contexts within the vertebrate hierarchy is juxtaposed with the mechanisms of orienting behavior in a number of invertebrates. This reveals a plethora of solutions among different animal species for the problem of orientation in three-dimensional space. Although head movement control in humans figures prominently in this volume, the anatomical-physiological comparisons show that the human system is not unique. The conference from which this volume originated surveyed research and theory on motor control mechanisms in the head-neck sensory-motor system. It was held in Fontainbleau, France, from July 17–24, 1989. The book provides a broad panorama of methodological and theoretical approaches to the field of head movement control.