Pergamon

Captured by Xenophon in 399 and immediately recaptured by the Persians, it was severely punished in 362 after a revolt.
It did not become important until Lysimachus, King of Thrace, took possession, 301 BC, but soon after his lieutenant
Philetaerus enlarged the town, the Kingdom of Thrace collapsed and it became the capital of the new kingdom of Pergamon
which Philetaerus founded in 281, beginning the Attalid dynasty. In 261 he bequeathed his possessions to his nephew
Eumenes I (263-241 BC), who increased them greatly, leaving as heir his cousin Attalus I