The Archdiocese of Mwanza was originally established as the Diocese of Bukoba in Tanzania by the Holy Synod of the Church of Alexandria in 1997. With the elevation of its ruling bishop Ieronymos (Muzeeyi) of Diocese of Bukoba to metropolitan, the diocese was elevated to Archdiocese of Mwanza. The archdiocese functions as a mission to the indigenous peoples of Tanzania.

Since its establishment, the diocese has grown greatly. Through the first nine years the number of communities grew to over 160 with over 41,000 faithful. Over 40 permanent churches have been built, served by over 30 priests.

A supporting infrastructure has grown along with the number of Orthodox believers. St.Nicholas Seminary in Kasikizi is open, as well as two monasteries, one for men and the other for women. Also, two secondary schools have been opened and a hospital with four clinics.