RECOGNIZED BY THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY APPROVED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Bulg. J. Phys. vol.45 no.2 (2018), pp. 126-137

Effective Cosmological Constant and Dark Energy

Y.J. NgInstitute of Fields Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, USA

Abstract. Two very different methods are used to estimate the magnitude of the
effective
cosmological constant / dark energy (for the present cosmic epoch).
Their results agree with each other and are
in agreement with observations. One method
makes use of unimodular gravity and causal set theory, while the other one
employs arguments involving spacetime foam and holography.
I also motivate and discuss the possibility that quanta of
(both) dark energy (and
dark matter in the Modified Dark Matter model)
are extended/non-local, obeying infinite statistics,
also known as quantum Boltzmann
statistics. Such quanta out-number ordinary particles obeying
Bose-Einstein or Fermi-Dirac statistics by a factor of
∼ 1030.