Supplementary Material

Composition of Osmolite (Abbott Nutrition; per 100 mL), as used for polymeric formula (PF) in the current study, is provided in Supplementary Table 1. As mentioned in the materials and methods, all animals, except for Exclusive Enteral Nutrition (EEN) group, were fed standard chow which its chemical composition is summarized in Supplementary Table 2. Cecum and colon tissues, obtained from each mouse at necroscopy, were examined and assigned a histological injury score corresponding to the severity of inflammation observed using a scheme modified from Madsen et al [9]. Histological scores ranged from 0 (minimal injury) to 15 (maximal injury) by scoring 4 criteria including epithelial hyperplasia (0-3), lamina propria mononuclear infiltration (0-4), Neutrophil infiltration (0-4) and mucosal ulceration (0-4) as outlined in Supplementary Table 3. Following histological examination, association of the average histological injury score with the presence and/or absence of Helicobacter trogontum in colon tissue, obtained from Interleukin (IL)-10-deficient mice at week 2 and 4, were assessed and the results are summarized in Supplementary Table 4. As shown in Supplementary Figure 1, the presence and/or absence of H. trogontum in the colon of noninfected, infected and infected but treated mice was evaluated at week 2 and week 4 using H. trogontum 16S rRNA specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR).