Soft tissue Injuries of face

Facial Soft Tissue injuries : Facial Soft Tissue injuries By Dr Saleem
Importance : Importance No other part of the body is as conspicuous, unique, or aesthetically significant as the face. Because an individual's self-image and self-esteem are often derived from his or her own facial appearance, any injury affecting these features requires particular attention.
Initial Examination : Initial Examination examination of an individual with trauma to the face must start with an evaluation of the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs). Cervical spine injury should also be considered based on the mechanism of injury, and appropriate precautions should be taken
Slide 4: 1. identifying areas of bruising or active bleeding 2. inspecting the nasal septum and external ear for hematomas and nasal obstruction 3. observing facial asymmetry or structural depressions 4. looking for a sunken eye globe suggestive of a blow-out fracture 5. observing lacerations or deep abrasions overlying suspected fractures
Classifications : Classifications According to anatomy Type of wound
Slide 6: Classification of Injury Contusion Abrasion Accidental Tattoo Retained Foreign Bodies Puncture Wounds Simple Laceration Avulsion (flap) Avulsion (complete)
Contusions : Contusions Bruising injury caused by blunt trauma (with or without hematoma) Cleansing and observation usually sufficient Some hematomas spontaneously resorb Other hematomas require surgical intervention Basis for “cauliflower ear” deformity
Abrasion : Abrasion Abrasions are partial-thickness disruptions of the epidermis as a result of sudden, forcible friction. These wounds should be gently cleansed of all debris. Failure to remove all debris can lead to "tattooing" of the skin and a poor cosmetic result. Local or regional anesthetic may be required to keep the patient comfortable and achieve adequate cleaning. Lubrication of the wound using an antibiotic ointment and covering with a sterile bandage may encourage healing
Slide 10: Accidental Tattoo (dermal imbedded particles) Remove promptly from abrasion to prevent tattoo Fixation occurs within 24-48 hours Scrub with stiff bristle brush Grease or oil removal with ether or acetone
Puncture wounds : Puncture wounds Not common on the face Possible injury to deeper structures Often swell due to hematomas Remove implanted foreign bodies Sometimes excised for best healing
Avulsion : Avulsion Avulsion - flap (undermining laceration) One of the most disfiguring injuries Minimal debridement (preserve tissue) Remove beveled wound margins Pressure dressings/drains to prevent hematomas
Slide 13: Avulsion - complete (loss of tissue) Direct primary closure is preferable Flap or skin graft may be indicated Don’t let it heal by secondary granulation
Lacerations : Lacerations Repair should be undertaken after underlying structures have been assessed and foreign bodies removed. Time lapse between injury and repair is important relative to risk of infection and the choice of repair technique. With the exception of animal bites and traumatic tattoo, most soft tissue wounds of the face, properly cleansed and dressed, can await primary repair up to 24 hours, without serious risk of infection.
Contd : Contd Tissue that is devitalized must be excised, regardless of its location or of how important it was. Although debridement should be conservative, it must be adequate. Ragged, severely contused wound edges should be conservatively excised to provide perpendicular skin edges that will heal primarily with minimal scarring. Closely parallel lacerations can be converted to a single wound by excising the intervening skin bridge, facilitating repair and reducing scar formation. Displaced tissue should be returned to its original position.
Slide 16: If contused marginal tissues are of anatomical importance ,it is best to avoid debridement and consider secondary reconstructive surgery. The muscles of facial expression are so closely associated with the skin that careful closure of the wound in layers gives adequate approximation of the muscle If possible, muscle layer should be identified and closed separately with fine absorbable sutures
Special regional considerations : Special regional considerations Scalp All injuries need to be copiously irrigated and have all foreign bodies removed. Simple linear lacerations with good hemostasis can be closed with staples. Close more extensive lacerations, lacerations with profuse bleeding, or large avulsions of the scalp flap with continuous nonabsorbable sutures encompassing all layers of the scalp. This method usually achieves good hemostasis.
Eye brow : Eye brow Forehead and Brow Preservation of the eyebrow Do not shave eyebrow Repair muscles to prevent depression Rule out fractures
Eyelid : Eyelid Simple lacerations of the eyelid, without involvement of the margins, can be treated without concern for further eye injury. If the protective function of the lid is compromised in any way, serious ophthalmologic injury may result. Exploration for foreign bodies must be performed. Flip the eyelids over and examine the tarsal plate. Damage to either side of the tarsal plate , ptosis is present, injury to the levator aponeurosis , any injuries that involve the canthi, lacrimal system, or lid margin need opthalmologic consultation
Nose : Nose Soft tissue injuries usually simple Reduce fractures first Align nasal structures accurately Use 6-0 non-absorbable sutures (Nylon or Polypropylene) Rule out hematoma
EAR : EAR A direct blow or shearing force to the ear may result in tearing of the blood vessels at the level of the perichondrium. The result is a subperichondrial hematoma. These injuries can result in significant cosmetic deformity if missed or if not treated immediately. Fibrosis develops within 2 weeks of the injury, and the pt can be left with abnormally shaped pinnae (a condition also known as cauliflower ear).
Slide 24: Carefully clean and debride ear injuries. If the wound is a linear laceration, it usually requires only primary closure with careful approximation of the cartilage perichondrium and skin and closure in 3 layers, using 5-0 nonabsorbable sutures for the skin layer.
Lip : Lip Vermilion border Single 5-0 Nylon or Polypropylene suture to re-orient Close in layers Muscle layer-use Dexon or Vicryl Skin - use 6-0 Nylon or Polypropylene sutures
Tongue : Tongue Examine the tongue for lacerations; importantly, note the extent of the injury. Most lacerations, however, do not require repair. One exception is a complete anterior laceration, which can result in a bifid tongue if not properly repaired. Through-and-through and deep lacerations should be explored for the presence of foreign bodies and the potential need for repair
Facial nerve : Facial nerve Any facial injury demands a complete functional evaluation of the main facial nerve trunk and its branches before any treatment. If transection has occurred, obvious signs of motor deficit will be present. Injuries to the temporal and eyebrow regions affect the temporal and zygomatic branches, causing inability to raise the eyebrows or close the eyelids. Injuries to the mandibular area margins affect the marginal mandibular, causing inability to frown. Buccal branch injuries cause inability to smile and loss of the nasolabial crease. Infraorbital nerve injury creates wrinkles in the cheek.
Slide 29: Repair transection of the facial nerve as soon as possible after the injury, ideally within 72 hours. If repair is delayed, the distal severed ends will contract, rendering identification of the severed ends using a nerve stimulator difficult or impossible. Carry out nerve anastomosis under a microscope, using 8-0 nonabsorbable sutures in 3-4 positions circumferentially under minimal tension to prevent fibrosis. If the nerve ends cannot be delineated clearly (ie, if the ends are macerated or jagged), trim them off prior to anastomosis. If significant nerve loss makes direct anastomosis impossible, find and tag the nerve ends for future nerve grafting.
Parotid duct : Parotid duct Lacerations of the parotid duct should be repaired at the time of wound closure to prevent fistula to the skin or to the mucous membrane of the mouth. To identify the course of the parotid duct, a line is drawn from the tragus of the ear to the midportion of the upper lip. The duct traverses the middle third of the line. The parotid duct travels adjacent to the buccal branch of the facial nerve. Buccal branch paralysis with an overlying laceration should suggest the possibility of a parotid duct injury.
Slide 31: The parotid duct empties into the mouth opposite the maxillary second molar. A Silastic tube or silver probe can be inserted into the opening of the duct and the course of the duct followed. The duct can be irrigated with saline using a No. 22 Angiocath sleeve. The appearance of saline in the wound indicates that the duct is injured. The proximal end of the duct can be identified in the wound expressing secretion of saliva. A Silastic catheter is placed in the duct and the wound repaired with fine sutures. The tube is left in for a 2-week period, as tolerated
Slection of suture : Eyelid Face Oral cavity Scalp Lip Trunk Limbs Hands/feet 6/0 5/0, 6/0 4/0 3/0, 4/0 4/0, 5/0 4/0 3/0, 4/0 4/0, 5/0 Slection of suture
Slide 34: Timing of Sutures Removal Eyelid Face Oral cavity Scalp Lip Trunk Limbs Hands/feet 3-5 (days) 3-5 7-8…or dissolve 7-12 3-5 6-12 6-14 7-12
Slide 35: Distance between Sutures Eyelid Face Nose Scalp Forehead Trunk Limbs Volar hand Dorsal hand 1-2 (mm) 2-4 3-4 10-15 4-6 6-10 5-8 3-5 2-4
Slide 36: Thankyou

Related pages

Facial Soft Tissue Injuries Treatment & Management ...

Facial soft-tissue injuries are not uncommon in athletics. The position and anatomy of the face make it particularly vulnerable to trauma.Read more

Facial Soft Tissue Injuries: Background, Epidemiology ...

Facial soft-tissue injuries are ... Sports that mandate the use of helmets and face masks tend to have fewer soft-tissue injuries compared ...Read more

Sprains, Strains and Other Soft-Tissue Injuries-OrthoInfo ...

Many soft-tissue injuries can be prevented through proper conditioning, training, and equipment. Other prevention tips include: Use proper equipment.Read more

Facial trauma - Wikipedia

Facial trauma, also called maxillofacial trauma, is any physical trauma to the face. Facial trauma can involve soft tissue injuries such as burns ...Read more

Soft-tissue injury of the face - ScienceDirect.com

... and the soft tissues react by contracting as it heals (Fig 10). ... Treatment of soft tissue injuries of the face. JW Smith, SJ Aston (Eds.), ...Read more

Soft Tissue Injury? What are the Healing Phases?

Soft Tissue Injury? What are the Healing Phases? ... Managing your Soft Tissue Injury. Soft tissue injuries are commonly categorised depending on the time ...Read more

Soft tissue injury - Wikipedia

Common soft tissue injuries usually occur from a sprain, ... The RICE method is an effective procedure used in the initial treatment of a soft tissue injury.Read more

Soft tissue injuries of the face: a 10 year review.

Fasola AO(1), Obiechina AE, Arotiba JT. Author information: (1)Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University College ...Read more

These presentations are classified and categorized, so you will always find everything clearly laid out and in context.
You are watching Get Instant Glowing Naturally Face at 1590/- Only. presentation right now. We are staying up to date!