Revised. Originally dated to September 1977.
Research for this article was sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities Gr ant R0-9980-74-140. I presented an earlier version at the American Historical Association Convention in December, 1974. I want to thank Allan Bogue, Bruce Cain, Lance Davis, John Ferejohn, Morris Fiorina, Robert Fogel, David Grether, Daniel Kevles, Allan Lichtman, Gary Miller, Forrest Nelson, and Roger Noll for aid in revising the paper. Naturally, neither NEH nor my colleagues bear any responsibility for the conclusions or any errors that remain.
Published as Kousser, J. Morgan. "Progressivism-For Middle-Class Whites Only: North Carolina Education, 1880-1910." The Journal of Southern History 46.2 (1980): 169-194.