WRe20 wire

Equivalent

Heat-resistance of WRe20 alloys

Heat-resistance of WRe20 is a function of wolframium and rhenium. A melting point of wolframium is 3410 °C; a temperature of rimming action equals to that one which is on the Sun’s surface (6690 °C). Wolframium alloys are in a lead through all other alloys because of their refractory qualities and hardness. Rhenium comes short of its properties in relation to wolframium because its melting point is 3170 °C, a temperature of rimming action is 5870 °C. Rhenium outstrips other metals in heat resistance, a high lasting-quality, and corrosive resistance.

Special features of alloying

Tungsten-rhenium wire that is alloyed with 5% of rhenium rises a plasticity of alloy, increasing a temperature off recrystallizing. It is very important in usage for positive thermocouple electrodes. If tungsten-rhenium wire is used in a form of negative electrode, so that it is necessary to have 35% of rhenium in composition in order to make a thermal emf as efficient as possible.

Firmness

Tungsten-rhenium wire is stable to helium, dry nitrogen, hydrogen, nitrogen. An alloying with silica masteralloys increases a stability two-three times as much at a thermal cycle up to 2000 °C. Detectors WRe20 can be exploited in a vacuum environment. In order to provide more effective work in a vacuum environment at temperatures of 1800 °C and more, it is necessary to use electrodes of a big diameter. WRe20 is successfully used in a form of a differential thermocouple. These can be two equal thermocouples, connected opposite one another. These thermocouples are capable of providing a measuring of temperature drop between two junction points: conventional and effective.

Thermoelectromotive force

A reference value of thermal emf is reducing to grade 24,59 mV at a cooldown to 1600 °C. This index equals not more than 23,31 mV at a temperature 1500 °C. A level of a graded thermal emf is 21,97 mV at a temperature 1400 °C.

Demerits

One of the main demerits of these alloys is a bad reproducibility of thermoelectromotive force, for which reason there is a need to group thermocouples by category А-1,2,3. The first category A-1 gives a possibility to use alloy at a max. temperature of 2200 °C; application mode of A-2 and A-3 is limited to 1800 °C. It is strictly forbidden to use a wire of different production runs because each of them has its «own» index of thermal emf. As far as rhenium and wolframium are rare metals, they are very expensive. Although a price for tungsten rhenium wire is much more than a price for thermocouples that consist of other elements, but still they are cheaper than alternative monitoring instruments for thermal cycles in similar industrial conditions.

Use

Tungsten-rhenium wire is used in a manufacture of a converter and measuring installation. It is also used in HWR (heavy water reactor) for measuring the highest temperatures in metal industry (hot-metals). A measurement error is very small (±0,01°С) up to 2500 °C. It makes equipment for measuring HWR the most accurate in such an aggressive environment.

A standard reference table of tungsten-rhenium thermocouples at a 0 °C temperature of exposed ends.

Temperature of a tip °С

Thermoef mV, for temperature, °С

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

0

0,121

0,246

0,373

0,504

0,637

0,772

0,910

100

1,337

1,483

1.632

1,781

1,933

2,086

2,240

2,396

200

2,871

3,032

3,193

3,355

3,518

3,682

3,847

4,012

300

4,512

4,680

4,843

5,016

5,185

5,354

5,523

5,693

400

6,203

6,373

6,543

6,714

6,834

7,065

7,225

7,396

500

7,908

8,073

8,248

8,418

8,588

8,758

8,928

9,098

600

9,605

9,774

9,943

10,111

10,280

10,448

10,615

10.783

700

11,283

11,450

11,616

11,782

11,947

12,112

12,277

12,442

800

12,933

13,096

13,259

13,422

13,584

13.746

13,907

14,068

900

14,549

14,708

14,867

15,026

15,184

15,342

15,500

1000

16,125

16,281

16,436

16,590

16,744

16,898

17,051

1100

17,659

17,810

17,960

18,110

18,260

18,409

18,557

1200

19,146

19,292

19,438

19,583

19,728

19,872

20,015

1300

20,584

20,725

20,866

21,006

21,145

21,284

21,423

1400

21,971

22,107

22,242

22,377

22,511

22,645

22,778

1500

23,306

23,436

23,566

23,696

23,825

23,953

24,081

1600

24,588

24,713

24,838

24,962

25,085

25,209

25,331

1700

25,816

25,936

26,056

26,175

26,293

26,411

26,528

1800

26,992

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