Glossary of Real Estate Terms

Acceptance - The time at which an offer to purchase is accepted.
The fact that it was accepted must be relayed to the person that made an offer in
order for all parties to be bound to the contract.

Ad Valorem Tax – Charged by local government, this tax is
based on the value of the property, as determined by the local government authorities.

Adjustable Rate Mortgage(ARM) - A mortgage whose
interest rate over the life of the loan is not necessarily the same as the original
interest rate at the loan inception. Rate changes may go up or down and are
usually tied to an economic indicator and a time period. The person getting
the mortgage should check to see if these fluctuations have a cap, and make sure
they are comfortable with whatever that cap is. Some ARMS are convertible
to a fixed interest rate after a period of time.

Agent- A person authorized to act on another’s behalf. In
real estate, this agent may be a listing agent representing the
seller, a selling agent representing the buyer, or a dual agent
which means the agent or company may represent both the seller and the buyer. There
is a fourth option, a transaction agent (or broker) that represents neither
party but helps the transaction to be completed. A real estate agent must
be licensed under the laws of their state. An agent must place their license under
the direction of a real estate broker. To become a broker, one must take the same
courses that a salesperson does, but also complete addition training and meet experience
requirements which differ from state to state.

Amortization – The repayment of a loan over time. With each
payment, there is a the reduction of both principal (the original amount borrowed),
plus the interest.

Amortization Schedule - This table shows each payment amount for
the mortgage, how much of each payment is applied to the principal, how much is
applied to the interest, and how much remains to be paid. The table shows each payment
until there is a zero balance and the loan is paid in full.

Annual Percentage Rate (APR) – Required by the Federal Truth-in-Lending-Act,
this details the amount of money financed. The APR is the true cost of borrowing
money, which includes the total finance charges added to the principal amount.

Appraisal - A professional determination of value.
Mortgage companies usually require an appraisal of the property by a licensed, disinterested
party before agreeing to loan money on the property. Methods of determining
value may be based on many things, such as comparable sales in the area, the cost
approach, the income approach, or the highest and best use of the property.

Appraised Value –The worth of the property as determined
by a professional appraiser.

Appreciation – The opposite of depreciation. When the value
of a property rises, based on economics and market conditions of the area, it appreciates.

As Is Condition – Disclaiming any warranties or representations
regarding the condition of a property.

Asking/Listing Price – The price a seller is asking in order
to sell their property. The price that a buyer offers to purchase the property
and the final contract price may be less than, equal to, or even more than the asking/listing
price.

Assessed Value - The value used by the governing authority (i.e.
either the local government or the condominium association) by which to levy a tax
or fee on the property owner.

Assignee – The person responsible if the rights and responsibilities
for a property are transferred to a new person.

Assumable Mortgage – The buyer takes over and assumes the
existing mortgage on the property on the same terms as the original person that
took out the mortgage. This would mean the new buyer does not have to obtain a new
loan. In years past, the new buyer could take over the loan without having to qualify,
but mortgage requirements are now more stringent.

Assumption of mortgage – The act of taking over and accepting
legal responsibility for the terms of an existing mortgage.

Back-Up Contract -- A contract or offer that is in a secondary
position to an already existing contract. This contract shall be elevated to the
first position if some condition in the first contract is not met. If the first
position contract is consummated, then the second contract is no longer in effect.

Balloon – A mortgage where there are payments over a period
of time but the final payment is a lump sum which is quite large, compared to the
previous payments.

Bankruptcy - A condition whereby the courts determine that a person’s
indebtedness greatly exceeds their assets and payment of these debts is determined
by the courts.

Bill of Sale – A document that serves as written proof for
the transfer of title. Real estate is transferred by a deed. Personal property
is transferred by a Bill of Sale. Mortgage companies will not make loans on
personal property, and a Bill of Sale may be included with a real estate contract
to outline what personal property is being transferred to the new owner.

Binder - A preliminary agreement, often accompanied by an earnest
money deposit, that shows good faith on behalf of the buyer.

Bridge Loan, also called a swing loan - A short
term loan used to transition in between the paying off of an old loan, and the inception
of permanent financing. This is often used to build or purchase a new home, when
the previous home is still owned, but is up for sale. Once the previous home is
sold, and the owner receives the proceeds from that sale, permanent financing is
usually obtained.

Broker (i.e. real estate broker) - A person duly licensed under
the laws of their state to act as an agent for another, and negotiate the purchase,
sale and lease of real property. A broker has full authority to run a real
estate company, whereas a real estate agent must have their license held
under the auspices of a broker.

Buyer – A person who purchases real estate

Buyer’s Agent / Buyer’s Broker - A real estate agent,
broker, or salesperson, who represents a buyer’s best interests. The
commission paid to this buyer’s agent may come from either the seller or the
buyer.

Cap - A maximum allowable. For example, many adjustable rate
mortgages have a maximum amount that the interest rate may increase over a certain
time period.

Certificate of Title - A statement verifying who has the rights
and responsibilities of ownership in a property. This may be ascertained by
a public record search but does not guarantee that any other parties may not stake
a claim to the property. Title insurance protects against claims that may
arise against the title.

Certificate of Occupancy - A document which must be obtained from
the local government which states that the new construction has been inspected and
is built in accordance with regulations. The property is therefore ready to
be occupied.

Clear Title - Ownership that is free of liens, defects and encumbrances,
beyond those which the the owner agrees to accept.

Closing - The transaction where title passes from seller to buyer
and the seller is paid. A settlement statement shows all costs incurred and gained
by both parties.

Closing Costs – The expenses incurred in obtaining the property
and transferring title to the new owner. This may include, but is not limited
toattorney’s fees,points, title charges,
credit report fee, document preparation fee, mortgage insurance premium, inspections,
survey, appraisals, prepayments for property taxes, deed recording fee, and homeowners
insurance.

Code of Ethics– Set forth by the National Association of
Realtors, these are written professional standards that all members are expected
to uphold.

Commitment Letter, also known as a loan commitment
- A written offer by a lender to make a loan by a particular date under certain
conditions. A buyer has more clout with a seller if he submits a letter of
loan commitment from his lender to the seller at the same time that he submits his
offer to purchase to the seller than a buyer who has not even applied for the loan
yet.

Common Areas -The space that is shared among
all property owners. In a condominium that may be the building corridors,
elevators, parking areas, recreational facilities, etc. and in a planned unit development
an example of this might be swimming pools or tennis courts.

Condominium - Real estate ownership where several owners hold title
to different individual units, or parts, of the building and have a shared interest
in the common areas.

Construction Loan- A short term loan made to a builder for the
purpose of constructing the building. After completion, permanent financing is normally
secured.

Contingency -A condition that must be met before
a contract is legally binding, or before a sale is to be completed. The contingency
provides an out or an escape from performing if the condition is not met.

Conventional loan or conventional mortgage - A
real estate loan, which is not insured by the government agency FHA nor guaranteed
by the Veterans Administration. Typically subject to the terms of their particular
institution, the conditions may be more flexible, as the lender is not required
to follow federal guidelines. The lender looks to the credit of the borrower
and the security of the property to insure payment of the debt.

Convertible ARM -An adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) that can be
changed, or converted into a fixed rate mortgage during a specified period and under
certain conditions of the loan.

Conveyance - The passing or transfer of title from one party
to another.

Co-op – cooperative – also known as
cooperative ownership
– Where several residents hold shares to
a cooperative trust or corporation that owns the multi-unit building. Owning
the shares of ownership grants the resident the privilege of occupying a specific
unit of the property.

Counteroffer -If the receiver of an offer makes
any changes to the original offer, it is considered a rejection of the initial offer
and becomes a counteroffer.

Covenant - as in Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions, or Restrictive Covenants
- A clause in a written document, such as a mortgage or a deed,
that the owner will abide by certain rules and conditions. These are not uncommon
in subdivision and are usually intended to maintain the value and integrity of the
property,

Credit Rating - Astandard of measure of a person’s
credit worthiness.

Credit Report - The official credit history of any individual as
complied by a credit bureau. This is used by lenders in determining the size
loan a person may, or may not, qualify for.

Credit Report Fee - The amount that the person applying for a loan
must pay to their lender in order to have the lender obtain their credit history
directly from a credit reporting bureau.

Deed - The document that sellers and buyers sign when transferring
title to real estate. It legally transfers the property from the seller to
the buyer, and is then recorded by the closing agency in county records.

Deed of Trust - Some states use a deed of trust to convey property
being held as security for a loan. This document is then conveyed to a trustee
and can be used to sell, mortgage or subdivide the property.Default - Failure to make payments when due which can result in
foreclosure of the mortgaged property. This includes not only monthly mortgage
payments but also taxes or any other promise in the original deed.

Delinquency - Outstanding past-due mortgage or loan payments.

Delivery – The legal transfer of a deed to property by the
seller and recorded in the county records.Deposit – (also called Earnest Money) - A good faith deposit
of a sum of money offered by the prospective purchaser at the time of the offer
to purchase. These funds are typically deposited into an escrow account and held
until the real estate closing takes place. At the closing, the buyer is most
often given credit for the earnest money that has already been paid, but it some
cases it may be returned to the buyer at closing. These funds may also be
returned to the buyer in some cases if the contract on real property doesn’t
go through to a final sale.

Depreciation -The decline in real estate value due to physical
deterioration or lack of updating an older property.

Discount Points - Investors typically offer an interest rate with
no discount points, but can lower that rate if the buyer is willing to pay an up
front fee that will give the investor the same yield. Each discount point
is equal to 1% of the loan amount borrowed.

Distress Sale – A distress sale occurs when the sellers must
sell the property very quickly and are willing to decrease the price as an incentive
to potential purchasers.

Down Payment -The difference, in dollar amount,
between the purchase price and the loan amount.

Dual Agent – An agent who represents both the seller and
the buyer in a real estate transaction.

Due Diligence – The act of best effort of ensuring that all
statements about the real property are true.

Due on Sale Clause – Language in the mortgage closing agreements
that inform the borrower that if they allow their loan to be assumed or transferred
in any way, the lender has the right to demand the balance in full.

Earnest Money (also called Deposit) – Funds given by the
buyer and held in an escrow account until the real estate closing. In some
cases, these funds are refundable if the loan fails to close, but if the loan does
close, the purchaser is given credit at closing for the earnest money.

Easement –A legal document on certain property
giving persons other than the owner the right of way, access and limited use or
enjoyment of the land involved. (Example, power companies sometimes need a right
of way for power lines.) Closing documents and/or land surveys will describe
and show such easements. These easements must be acceptable to the mortgage company
before the buyer can consummate a binding closing.

Eminent Domain – The right of local or state government to
purchase private property for public use. Owners receive compensation based
on fair market value and sometimes additional funds for the inconvenience of moving.
This is legal under the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution.
Reasons for eminent domain can include schools, roads, parks, hospitals, public
safety and other public buildings.

Equal Credit Opportunity Act –A 1974 federal
law under Title VII of the Consumer Credit Protection Act which requires lenders
not to discriminate against consumers based on race, color, religion, national origin,
sex or marital status, or receipt of income from public assistance (food stamps,
social security). Borrowers are notified at application in writing of
agencies that they may contact if they feel they have been discriminatedagainst in any way.

Equity -The homeowner’s part of the property
value over and above the outstanding balance owed to the mortgage company.

Equity Loan -A real estate loan based on the
borrower’s equity (ownership) in the property. The amount that the bank
might loan could be determined by the fair market value of the property minus any
current mortgages secured by the property, subject to the owner’s other debt
commitments and credit history.

Escrow – A neutral third party holds other people’s
funds in a secure account for future use. An earnest money deposit is held in a
real estate broker’s escrow account. It is the broker’s account,
but he is holding the buyer’s funds in the account for safekeeping until closing.
In the case of a mortgage, the total monthly mortgage payment may include funds
to pay for future taxes and insurance paid in addition to the principal and interest.
This escrow is held by the lender until taxes and insurance are due, at which time
the mortgage company pays the taxes and insurance on the borrower’s behalf.
After the taxes and insurance are paid, the lender may re-adjust the total monthly
payment to insure sufficient funds for future escrowed items.

Eviction -Eviction is the process of removing
an occupant, either tenant or owner, by law enforcement for failure to perform as
promised on a note or lease contract.

Exclusive Agency Listing – A written agreement between a
property owner and a real estate broker giving the broker the exclusive right to
sell the property for a specified period and at a specified fee. Agents whose
licenses are held by a broker may sign on their broker’s behalf.

Extension - A written agreement between all parties on a
contract allowing an additional specified period of time during which
all parties are expected to perform their contractual obligations.

Fair Credit Reporting Act –A federal law that protects consumers
by regulating the consumer credit agencies’ disclosure of individuals’
credit history. This also established guidelines and procedures for correcting errors
on your credit report.

Fair Market Value - A median price based on the highest price a
willing buyer would be willing to pay and the lowest price a willing seller would
be willing to accept in a competitive market.

Fannie Mae – (FNMA) - Federal National Mortgage Association.
A government agency that is a major mortgage investor.

Fannie Mae’s Community Home Buying Program - A flexible home
purchase program to assist low-to-moderate income families in the purchase of a
home by decreasing the amount of down payment and allowing higher debt and housing
ratios in some cases. Potential buyers are required to attend a pre-purchase
home buying class.

Farm Home 100% loan - see Rural Development Loan.

FHA - An agency of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
(HUD) that was established in 1934 under the National Housing Act to encourage improvement
in housing standards, to provide an insurance for mortgages, and to exert
a stabilizing influence on the mortgage market as a whole. FHA was the government's
response to a lack of quality housing available at the time, excessive foreclosures
and a building industry that had collapsed during the Depression.FHA’s main activity is the insuring of residential mortgage loans
made by banks and private lenders. The FHA sets standards for construction
and underwriting but does not lend money or construct housing.

FHA 203b – The most popular FHA government loan. It typically
requires a three percent down payment.

FHA 203k -A renovation and repair loan through
the Federal Housing Authority, typically made for single family properties.

FHA Futures -Down payment assistance for a loan
where the buyer can borrow up to 6% of the loan amount to be used towards closing
costs and down payment.

Fiduciary - A relationship which implies a position of trust or
confidence.
Among the obligations a fiduciary owes to his principal are duties of loyalty, obedience,
full disclosure, the duty to use skill, care and diligence, and the duty to account
for all finances.

First Mortgage -The first mortgage is the primary loan against
a property, and takes precedence over any other mortgage, equity line or other lien.

First Right Of Refusal - A legal right by an individual giving
that person the first opportunity to purchase or lease real property.

Fixed Rate Mortgage - A mortgage with an interest rate and monthly
payment that remain the same and cannot change over the life of the loan.

Flood Insurance - A special and separate insurance policy that
covers property in the flood area against damage by flooding. Although flood
insurance may be bought through your local insurance agent, it is issued through
the federal government. When purchasing real estate, a survey is typically
required where there is any risk of flooding to the property. Flood insurance may
be required by the lender in order for the buyer to obtain a loan.

Forbearance- The act of refraining from taking legal action despite
the fact that payment of a promissory note in a mortgage or deed of trust is in
arrears. It is usually granted only when a borrower makes a satisfactory arrangement
by which the arrears will be paid at a future date.

Foreclosure - The legal process that begins when a borrower fails
to make payments to a lender on a mortgaged property. Should the borrower
not be able to correct the default, the property will be sold at public auction
to satisfy the debt.

Federal National Mortgage Association ( FNMA – also known as
Fannie Mae)
A federal agency established in 1938 to purchase mortgage
loans from lenders as an investor. FNMA originally bought FHA loans, but now
is a conventional, FHA and VA investor. FNMA is now a private company operating
with private capital.

Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ( FHLMC - also known as
Freddie
Mac)
A publicly held corporation that buys mortgages and
thereby creates a flow of funds to mortgage lenders. FHLMC was chartered by
Congress in 1970.

Hazard Insurance –An insurance policy selected by the borrower
to cover the property against loss due to hazards such as fire, hail, etc.
The borrower pays an annual premium for this coverage. In many cases, the
lender requires that the borrower pay 1/12 of this annual amount every month, included
with the borrower’s monthly payment of principal and interest. These funds
are held in reserve on behalf of the borrower in an escrow account.

Home Inspection - An inspection made
by a third party (not the buyer or seller) for a statement of condition on the property,
i.e. structural and mechanical conditions. Many contracts to purchase are contingent
on the buyer having a home inspection performed within a certain time period prior
to closing.

Homeowners’ Association –An association
with annual dues collected from residents to insure enforcement of any covenants
or restrictions that apply to the properties covered. For example, the Homeowner’s
Association could legally cause a homeowner to take care of their yard as required
by a legal covenant signed as a part of closing. Homeowner’s Association
fees also cover maintaining common areas, and in some cases may be either voluntary
or mandatory.

Homeowners Insurance – The same as hazard insurance.
It covers the property mortgaged against loss due to fire, hail, theft, etc.
The borrower selects the insurance, and pays the annual premiums, often through
an escrow account.

Homeowners Warranty - An insurance policy covering specific future
repairs, should they become necessary, for a specific time period. These are often
provided by the seller or builder as a condition of sale.

HUD-The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
This is the agency responsible for enforcing the federal Fair Housing Act
Among HUD’s many programs are urban renewal, public housing, rehabilitation
loans, FHA subsidy programs, and water and sewer grants. The Office of Interstate
Land Sales Registration, the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and the National
Mortgage Association (GMNA) are all under HUD.

Joint Tenancy –A legal way for parties
to co-own real property with equal rights to the real estate. Should any of
the joint tenancy owners die, no interest in the property can be transferred by
will as the remaining joint tenant(s) acquires all ownership.

Jumbo or Non-conforming loan - A loan that exceeds Fannie Mae’s
legal legislated mortgage amount which as of June 2006 is $417,000.

Junior Mortgage - A second, third or equity mortgage that is subordinate
to an existing lien already on the property.

Late Charge - As established in the original agreement, the penalty
that is due when the borrower fails to pay by a certain number of days after the
payment due date. There is usually a 15 day grace period on traditional mortgages
before late charges are incurred. Rent payments often have a 3 – 5 day
grace period.

Lead Based Paint - Prior
to 1978 paint that was used in construction often had concentrations of lead. These
materials have since been taken off the market as they can be harmful. When selling
or leasing a property that was built prior to 1978, the owner should take care to
provide the buyer or tenant with a lead based paint disclosure.

Lease - A contract between a landlord and a tenant that transfers
the right to exclusive possession and use of the landlord’s real property
to the tenant for a specified period of time for a stated consideration.

Lease Purchase -A contract between a tenant and
an owner by which part of the monthly rent payments may go toward down payment on
the property. When pre-determined sufficient funds are received by the seller,
the buyer may seek a first mortgage through a typical lender or in some cases with
the seller.

Legal Description - The written description of a piece of land
giving all pertinent information such as land lot, subdivision name, Block, parcel,
acreage, etc. that comprises a legal and sufficient description of a particular
property. For a real estate contract to be binding it must include an accurate
legal description.

Lessee - The person to whom property is rented or leased; called
a tenant in most residential leases.

Lessor - The person who rents or leases property to another.
In residential leasing, he or she is often referred to as a landlord. One
who leases property to a tenant.

Lien - A monetary claim against a property that must be paid off
when a property is sold in order for the new ownership to be legally recorded in
county records.

Lifetime Cap – The maximum that an interest rate can increase
or decrease over the life of a loan.

Listing Agent - A real estate agent that represents the seller
of the property. (see Agent)

Listing Broker- The broker that represents
the seller and has the property listed for sale. It is often another broker,
representing a buyer, that secures an offer to purchase the property. In such
cases, the brokers cooperate (co-op) and the commission is split between the two
companies.

Listing Contract (also called Listing Agreement)- A real estate
broker (or agent, acting on behalf of the broker) and a seller sign this agreement
in order to give the broker the rights to advertise the property and represent the
seller. The seller's real estate is then listed for sale, most often in a
multiple listing service. In most cases the payment of a commission to the
brokerage is contingent upon the agent procuring a satisfactory buyer for the property
within the time frame of the Listing Contract. The commission is then paid
to the broker from the seller’s proceeds at closing. Flat fee listing
contracts have become popular, whereby a seller may pay a specified amount upfront
for the services received. All details are typically determined by the listing contract.

Listing/ Listing Agreement - A written agreement between a property
owner and a broker authorizing the broker to advertise the property and find a buyer
or a tenant for a specific property. ( See Listing Contract)

Loan Application -A form used to apply for a
mortgage loan that a borrower must complete in order to secure the loan. It has
questions about the borrower’s income, assets and debts, plus some required
disclosures.

Loan Commitment - Alender’s written approval
granting a specific loan amount, conditions, and a set time limit for closing
the loan.

Loan Origination - The process of applying for a mortgage loan.

Loan Originator - The person who assists borrowers in obtaining
their new loan.

Loan to Value - The ratio of the amount of the loan divided by
the value or sales price of the home.

Lock In - An agreement in which the lender guarantees a specified
interest rate for a certain amount of time at a particular cost.

Maturity Date - The date on which the last payment on a mortgage
or any other financial instrument becomes due and payable.

Mechanics Lien -A financial claim created
to enforce payment for work performed and materials provided on either building,
repairing or improving a structure.

Metes & Bounds - Land measurement of real property described
by using directions, angles, and distances. To properly describe the subject property
it begins and ends at the same point and is usually done by a licensed surveyor.

MLS - An acronym for "Multiple Listing Service."
MLS is composed of hundreds of database computer systems located throughout the
USA for real estate agents to showcase their available real estate listings that
are for sale and for lease. MLS listings in most cities are now available for viewing by
the public on
.

Molds - Fungi that may be present both indoors and out. Prior
to a real estate closing, a termite inspection is usually performed to inspect for
termites, mold and mildew on the property or in a crawl space.

Mortgage - A legal document signed by borrower(s) and promising
a property to the lender in return for payment of a debt. Some states use
First Trust Deeds instead of mortgages.

Mortgage Banker - A lender that originates mortgage loans through
mortgage brokers for sale to investors such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or Ginnie
Mae.

Mortgage Broker -A company that buys mortgages
from mortgage bankers to sell to investors such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

Mortgage Insurance - Insurance paid by the borrower to insure the
lender against default in case of non payment of the mortgage loan. The mortgage
insurance company may buy the property or just cover part of the losses to the lender.
Many government loans and some conventional loans require mortgage insurance with
loans to value over 80%.

Mortgage Insurance Premium – ( MIP) - The monthly insurance
paid by the borrower to offset any potential loss in case of foreclosure.Mortgage Interest Rate - The percentage rate lenders charge for
mortgage loans; shown on the note signed at closing.

Mortgagee - The lender originating and closing the mortgage loan
in their name prior to selling to a broker for investor purchase.

Mortgagor - The borrower signing the note in a mortgage loan process.

Multiple Listing Service -
(also known as the acronym
"MLS" )
Multiple Listing Service is composed of hundreds
of database computer systems located throughout the USA for real estate agents to
showcase their available real estate listings that are for sale and for lease.
Multiple Listing Service listings in most cities are now available for viewing by
the public on MLS.com.

Negative Amortization -When adjustable rate mortgage
payments are not sufficient to pay the monthly principal and interest, the deficient
amount is added to the original mortgage which causes the outstanding principal
balance to increase. Therefore, the amortization is negative instead of positive.Nehemiah - An FHA insured government loan that helps low income
home buyers with down payment assistance.

No Doc Loan - also called Low Doc Loans - Little or no documentation
loans. Generally used for the self employed and small business owners. Also
used for non profits, specialized companies and individuals.

Offer - When a buyer makes a written promise to purchase real estate,
it is an offer. It does not become a contract until all terms are accepted
by both seller and buyer.

Open End Loan - A mortgage loan that is expandable by increments
up to a maximum dollar amount, the full loan being secured by the same original
mortgage.

Open Listing -A listing under which the principal
(owner) reserves the right to list his property with other brokers, yet grants the
real estate agent the right to advertise and sell the property.

Option - The right to purchase or lease property within a pre-determined
time at a specific price. There is no obligation to purchase, but the seller is
obligated to sell if the option holder exercises the right to purchase. For the
option to be valid, it must include consideration (i.e. earnest money).

Origination Fee - The fee charged by most lenders to originate
a loan, typically one percent of the loan amount.

Owner Financing – The seller provides financing so that the
buyer does not have to go through a bank or traditional sources to obtain funding
to purchase the property. The seller does not receive all proceeds at once, as in
a traditional closing where the buyer obtains bank financing, but the seller does
receive interest in addition to the principal.

PITI - Principal, interest, taxes and insurance combined.
When less then 20% is paid as a down payment on a property, most lenders will require
that each monthly payment include at least 1/12 of the annual taxes and 1/12
of the annual insurance in addition to the required principal and interest.

Planned Unit Development – (PUD) - A housing
design to produce a high density of dwellings and maximum utilization of open spaces.

Plat – A map that is drawn to scale of a specific piece of
land that shows the shape, acreage, etc. The plat illustrates the geographic
boundaries of the property.

Points -Discount points are paid upfront to mortgage
brokers to give a sufficient yield when the borrower would like a lower interest
rate. One point is one percent of the loan amount.

Possession - The buyer occupying the property that is purchased
or a tenant occupying the property that is leased. In a real estate sale, possession
is rarely granted prior to closing when the seller receives their funds.

Prepaid -Items paid in advance of closing, such
as real estate taxes and
homeowner’s insurance premium.

Prepayment Penalty -A fee charged when a borrower
pays a mortgage in full prior to the agreed upon date. The note and deed would
advise of any such penalty.

Prequalification - Having a mortgage lender advise that debt ratios
and credit report plus other factors show a borrower qualifies for a particular
loan amount before signing a contract.

Principal -The outstanding loan balance not including
interest.

Private Mortgage Insurance - Insurance paid to a private firm to
insure the top 20% to 25% of a loan against default. It is rarely required
when the owners’ equity exceeds 20% of the fair market value of the property.

Property Tax -Taxes payable to the county where
the property is located. Taxes are usually paid on an annual basis and based on
the county’s determined value of the property. Many counties will offer a
homestead exemption, which is a reduction in taxes, if the real estate is your primary
residence. Check with your local county tax assessor’s office for details.

Purchase and Sale Agreement -The contract between
the buyer and seller stating terms, conditions, sales price and other pertinent
information about the property being purchased.

Qualify - To meet the guidelines based on debt, income, and credit
worthiness.

Qualifying Ratios - Comparing a borrower’s income to their
proposed monthly housing expense. Also comparing their income to monthly housing
expense added to all of the borrower’s other debt obligations.

Quit Claim Deed - A document by which one property owner releases
his or her claims, rights and interest in a particular property.

Radon -A natural gas found in the environment.
If present inside a home, it can be harmful in sufficient concentrations.
Radon gas testing is available.

Rate Lock -When the lender issues a written commitment to a borrower
as to a specific interest rate for a specific period of time.

Real Estate Agent - A person licensed to advertise and negotiate
the sale and lease of real estate on behalf of the property owner. See Agent.

Real Estate Commission - Each state has a Real Estate Commission
or similarly named department or agency that oversees the licensure of real estate
agents and real estate brokers in that state. Qualifications and requirements
for licensure differ from state to state. This Commission (or department or agency)
may also oversee similar licensure, such as real estate appraisers. This Commission
sets all policies, procedures, and rules for practicing real estate within the state.

Real Estate Investment Trust – (REIT) - A business trust
or corporation that pools the money of High Yield Investors for the benefit of investing
in real estate. The REIT Company offers common shares to the public. In this
way, a REIT stock is similar to any other stock that represents ownership in an
operating business. However, a REIT has two unique features: its primary business
is managing groups of income-producing properties and it must distribute most of
its profits as dividends. Corporations and trusts that qualify for REIT
status with the IRS generally do not pay corporate income taxes. Instead,
they pay out all of their taxable income in the form of dividends.

Real Estate Owned – (REO) - Real estate that is owned by
a bank or financial group. Usually a result of their borrowers defaulting on the
loan and the subsequent foreclosure of the property from that buyer.

Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act –(RESPA) - Real Estate
Settlement Procedures Act is a federal law, enacted in 1974, which details the procedures
to be followed in a real estate closing. It is intended to protect the borrower
and seller by making everyone more knowledgeable about possible costs and charges.

Realtor – (also known as Realtor® or REALTOR®
) A real estate broker or a real estate agent who holds active membership
in a local board of Realtors that is affiliated with the National Association of
Realtors® (or NAR). The NAR has a Code of Ethics that all members are
to adhere to. All Realtors are real estate brokers and real estate salespeople,
but not all real estate brokers and real estate salespeople are Realtors (members
of the National Association of Realtors.)

Refinancing -Obtaining a different loan for the
benefit of perhaps a lower interest rate, converting an ARM to a fixed rate, or
to take out some of the equity in the property. The borrower re-applies for
a mortgage and goes through another closing transaction on the property they have
previously mortgaged. The new loan pays off and replaces the original loan.

Rent with option to buy – (or
lease
purchase option) - An alternative financing
option that allows home buyers to lease a home with an option to purchase at the
end of the lease. Each month's rent payment may consist of the customary rent payment,
plus an extra amount that is applied towards the down
payment on the purchase.

Restrictions - Covenants or other types of conditions in the deed
or other real estate documents that restrict the use, restructure and care of real
estate involved in the transaction.

Return On Investment (ROI) - is how much profit
or cost savings is realized as a result of participating in the investment.

Right of first refusal -The right to the first
opportunity to lease or purchase real property. For example, apartment
tenants might retain the right of first refusal when their units are being converted
to condominiums.

Rule of 72 -The rule says that to find the number
of years required to double your money at a given interest rate, you just divide
the interest rate into 72.

Rural Development Loan - 100% government loan with no monthly mortgage
insurance premium required. It is only available in rural areas on a case
by case basis.

Second Home -Real estate owned that is not a
primary residence. This may be a vacation home, seasonal property, or other
real estate. The IRS allows certain benefits for a second home under specific
conditions.

Second Mortgage - Aloan taken out behind the
first mortgage, perhaps at the purchase or even at a later date when the owner needs
funds and the equity is sufficient.

Secondary Mortgage Market -Buying and selling
existing mortgages, usually in blocks of several loans.

Seller financing, or seller take-back- When the seller receives only a portion of the sales price at closing,
and the balance he finances to the buyer in the form of a promissory note secured
by the real estate purchased. See Owner Financing

Selling Agent - A real estate agent who represents the seller in
a transaction. See Agent.

Settlement - The actual real estate closing where the property
is transferred and the seller and the buyer sign all required documents for
title transfer and mortgage.

Settlement Statement - The form showing all fees, charges and monetary
transfers involving the buyer, seller, and all parties involved in the transaction.

Special assessment - A tax or levy against real property for improvements.
The fee is not necessarily imposed on all residents of a community, but to the owners
of specific properties. Also, condominium owners may have a special assessment
imposed for specific improvements.

Special Stipulations – ( also called special stips) –
These are specific instructions written into a contract that are unique to this
buyer and this seller and are in addition to the standard contract form.

“Subject to" - The recognition by a
buyer of conditions (such as a prior loan), which are not the buyer's legal responsibility.

Subject to mortgage - A buyer, usually an investor, takes title
to real property "subject to the current mortgage" but is not personally
liable to the original mortgagee for payment of the mortgage note. The buyer does
not obtain a new loan, but rather takes over payments on the existing mortgage.
This form of purchase is most often used in a distress sale or in an attempt to
save the owner from foreclosure proceedings.

Subordination clause-A clause
in which the holder of a mortgage permits a subsequent mortgage to take priority.
Subordination is the act of yielding priority. For example, this clause provides
that if a prior mortgage is paid off or renewed, the junior mortgage will continue
in its subordinate or secondary position and will not automatically become primary
mortgage.

Subsidized Second Mortgage -A creative financing
option known as the Community Second® mortgage for low- and moderate-income
households.
An investor purchases a first mortgage that has a subsidized second mortgage behind
it. The second mortgage may be issued by a state, county, or local housing
agency, foundation, or non-profit corporation. Payment on the second mortgage is
often deferred and carries a very low interest rate or no interest rate. Part of
the debt may be forgiven incrementally for each year the buyer remains in the home.

Survey - The measurement of a parcel of real estate by a licensed
surveyor. It shows the specific details about the measurement, shape, size
and location of the property.

Sweat Equity - The equity earned as a result of the owners’
labor in upgrading and improving the property.

Tax Deed -A deed that is used to convey title
when the real estate is purchased from the county, having been auctioned off to
pay for back taxes that went unpaid by the original property owner.

Tax Lien - A lien against a property for unpaid taxes.

Ten Thirty One Exchange – (1031 Exchange) – A means
of deferring capital gains taxes on real estate exchanges for like kind properties.
This is allowed under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, Section 1031.

Tenancy by the Entirety - A special type of real estate ownership
that is reserved for married couples. The law considers the marital unit to
be the owner and both spouses have an equal, undivided interest in the whole.
Both spouses have the right to enjoy the property, and when one spouse dies, the
surviving spouse gets title to the property in the entirety. It is similar to joint
tenancy with the right of survivorship, but it is a term that is only used in certain
states.

Tenancy in Common - A type of ownership in which two or more people
have an undivided interest in property, without the right of survivorship. Upon
death of one of the owners, his or her interest passes, not to the co-owner(s) but
to whomever they have chosen as their heir.

Term - The length of time it will take to pay the mortgage in full.

Time is of the Essence - The statement in a contract which emphasizes
that punctual performance by all parties is essential.

Time Limit of an Offer - An offer should include a specified time
period during which the other party must decide to accept, reject, or counter the
offer.

Title Company -The company that, for a fee, checks and insures
the title against liens, ownership claims, and title problems.

Title Insurance - An insurance policy that may be purchased to
protect the new owner from any liens or clouds against the title. In order
to issue title insurance, the issuer will perform a title search in the county records.
Since title is searched at the time of closing, title insurance is usually less
expensive at the time of closing, rather than if a buyer called the title company
at a later time, as an additional title search would have to be performed prior
to issuing the insurance.

Title Search -A review done by the title company’s
representative of all records available to determine if the title is indeed clear
of all liens and claims.

Transaction Broker - A transaction broker (also referred to as
a facilitator, coordinator or contract broker) is not a representative or agent
for either the buyer or the seller. The job of a transaction broker is to
help both the buyer and the seller with the necessary paperwork and formalities
involved in transferring ownership of real property.

Transfer Tax - A tax that is collected at closing for the transfer
of ownership of real property.

Truth in Lending Act - Federal law that makes lenders disclose,
in writing, all terms, charges and APR to borrowers upon loan application and again
at the closing of the mortgage loan.

VA Funding Fee - A funding fee is added to most VA loan amounts,
depending on the amount of down payment that the veteran makes. In most cases the
fee is 2% of the loan amount.

VA Mortgage - Typically a 100% loan made to veterans. They
must qualify by providing proof of eligibility. When selling a house originally
purchased through VA eligibility, the veteran should get a “Release of Liability”
so that he can obtain a VA loan in the future.

Zero Lot Lines -When a building is positioned
so that it rests either directly on the lot’s boundary line, or so close to
the boundary line that there is minimal yard or space between the structure and
adjacent structure.

Zoning -Local requirements for the use of real
estate in a particular area.

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