21 PRODUCCIÓN DE PELÍCULAS MEXICANAS MEXICAN FILM PRODUCTION La producción cinematográfica nacional se encuentra en uno de los momentos más dinámicos de su historia. El volumen alcanzado en 2013 en total 126 filmes, entre ficciones, documentales y animaciones posiciona a México entre los países con mayor número de películas producidas anualmente en el mundo, y como el principal productor en Latinoamérica. De acuerdo con cifras de la UNESCO, cada año se producen alrededor de largometrajes en 90 países, 3 % de los cuales corresponden a cine mexicano, nivel de producción por encima del promedio mundial. Es complejo determinar qué obras se realizan en el esquema de producción industrial y cuáles a baja escala y de manera independiente. En la actualidad hay un mayor número de documentales y películas de ficción de bajo presupuesto que buscan salidas de distribución. Constantemente se incorporan noveles cineastas a los departamentos creativos, así como diversos profesionales relacionados con la producción, lo que permite una mayor realización de óperas primas. La creciente cantidad de festivales nacionales e internacionales representa una de las principales vitrinas para mostrar muchos de estos trabajos, lo que incentiva la producción. Un rubro que ha presentado niveles no tan favorables en los últimos años es la coproducción internacional, con 15 % de las realizaciones nacionales. Los instrumentos del Estado para apoyar y fomentar la producción participan en 75 % de la producción anual del país. El Fondo para la Producción Cinematográfica de Calidad (Foprocine), el Fondo de Inversión y Estímulos al Cine (Fidecine) y el Estímulo Fiscal a la Producción Cinematográfica Nacional (Eficine) destinaron a la producción cerca de 700 millones de pesos (54 millones de dólares) en Domestic film production is experiencing one of the most dynamic periods in its history. The volume achieved in 2013 a total of 126 films, including fiction, documentaries and animated movies places Mexico among the countries with the most pictures produced annually in the world, and as the main movie producer in Latin America. According to data from the UNESCO, each year about feature films are made in 90 countries, 3 % of which are Mexican, which is above the world average. It is difficult to determine what works are made within the industrial production system and which are on a smaller scale and independent. There are currently more documentaries and low budget motion pictures seeking distribution. New filmmakers are constantly added to the creative departments, as well as various professionals involved in production, allowing for more debut films. The growing number of national and international festivals represent one of the main showcases for many of these works, encouraging production. One category which has appeared less favored in recent years is that of international coproductions, accounting for 15% of the national product. The State instruments that support and promote production participate in 75 % of the works made annually in the country. The Fund for Quality Film Production (Foprocine), the Film Investment and Incentive Fund (Fidecine) and the Stimulus for National Film Production (Eficine) devoted close to 700 million pesos (54 million dollars) to production in No quiero dormir sola 19

30 Periodo entre ópera prima y segunda obra en (número de directores) Time Between First and Second Film Between 2006 and 2013 (number of directors) años / years 3 años / years 4 años / years 5 años / years Levantamuertos ÓPERAS PRIMAS Fuente / Source: Imcine. DEBUT FILMS En México diversas instituciones culturales, gubernamentales y privadas, de carácter federal, estatal o regional, fomentan mediante programas, instituciones e instrumentos la producción de óperas primas, sobre todo en esquemas de bajo costo. El resultado es una mayor facilidad para captar la realidad, haciendo un documental, o modificarla, creando una ficción. En general, un director demora alrededor de tres años en filmar otra película después de un primer filme. Durante ese periodo, su ópera prima se presenta en algunos festivales y se estrena comercialmente. Aunque algunos realizadores a los dos años presentan un nuevo trabajo, a un número significativo de ellos puede llevarles hasta cinco o más años. In Mexico, various national, state or regional cultural, government and private institutions promote the production of debut films, especially low budget ones, through programs, organizations and instruments. This results in greater freedom in capturing reality, by making a documentary, or modifying it, by creating a fiction. In general, it takes a director about three years to make another film after the first one. During this period, the debut film is presented at some festivals and released commercially. Although there are directors who present a new work after two years, a significant number of them take five years or more to do so. PRODUCCIÓN DE DOCUMENTALES DOCUMENTARY PRODUCTION Desde hace varios años las películas documentales se han convertido en una parte significativa de la producción cinemato- Over the past few years, documentaries, both those made with government instruments as well as those produced with private 28

32 PRODUCCIÓN DE CORTOMETRAJES SHORT FILM PRODUCTION La exhibición comercial y cultural de cortometrajes todavía no se ha consolidado en el país. No obstante, igual que en los largometrajes, el acceso a la tecnología para la realización ha permitido una mayor capacidad de rodaje. En 2013 se observó una notable caída respecto a 2012: se produjeron 360 cortometrajes, de los cuales 254 fueron de ficción, 65 documentales y 41 animaciones. Commercial and cultural exhibition of short films has still not been consolidated in the country. However, as with features, access to new technology has created greater capacity for production. Nonetheless, in 2013, there was a notable decrease with regard to 2012: 360 short films were produced, of which 254 were fiction, 65 documentaries and 41 animated. PRODUCCIÓN DE SERIES DE TELEVISIÓN PRODUCTION OF TELEVISION SERIES Hasta hace pocos años las series de televisión eran únicamente producidas por las empresas televisoras. Con el crecimiento y globalización de este medio han surgido compañías productoras especializadas en series. En México resalta el caso de Argos, que no cuenta con un canal propio pero registró el mayor volumen de producción de series en 2013; le siguen un canal del Estado y una televisora privada. En las series de televisión hechas en México predomina la ficción como el género de mayor audiencia. Las series de no ficción, como Historias de vida y Retratos, se transmiten en canales especializados. Numerosas series de televisión producidas actualmente en el mundo tienen tanta o más calidad que las películas; los costos de algunas igualan o superan la inversión de una producción hollywoodense. Convocan grandes audiencias, obtienen premios y reconocimientos de la crítica especializada como cualquier filme. Para un director de cine, por lo tanto, realizar una teleserie Until a few years ago, television series were only produced by networks. With the growth of globalization, this medium has given rise to production companies specializing in series. In Mexico, the case of Argos is noteworthy, in that it does not have a channel of its own, but registered the highest volume of series produced in 2013; it is followed by a State owned channel and a private network. Among television series made in Mexico, fiction, the genre with the greatest audience, predominates. Nonfiction series, such as Historias de vida and Retratos, are broadcast on specialized channels. Many of the TV series currently produced in the world equal or surpass movies in quality: the costs of some exceed the investment in a Hollywood production. They attract large audiences, obtain awards and recognition from specialized critics, as would any motion picture. For a film director, therefore, making a TV series does not denote a loss of professional status, but 30

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