Faulhaber served as a priest in Würzburg from 1892 until 1910 when he was appointed Bishop of Speyer, serving there for six years. His studies included a specialisation in the early Christian writer, Tertullian. From 1925 to 1928 Faulhaber was a member in the International Catholic League against Antisemitism and Racism Amici Israël, in which many Jewish converts to Roman Catholicism (priests, sisters, monks) took membership. The later Archbishop of MilanAlfredo Ildefonso Schuster was also a member at the time.

Role in Germany during the Hitler Regime

Faulhaber was a key figure in the negotiations between the Roman Catholic Church and the Hitler regime.