2. Which of the following are common shading models?Answers: • flat or • Gouraud or • Phong

3. Which of the following statements about pixels are true? (Answer all that
apply.)Answers: • A pixel has a dimension. or • Pixels are visible. or • A pixel can
have coordinates.

4. Which of the following colors belong to the most common three-color additive
color model used in video displays or otherwise used to describe the physical
concepts involved?Answers: • Red or • Green

5. Which of the following is/are typical steps in a graphical pipeline that
converts three-dimensional objects for two-dimensional display or printing?Answers: • Rasterization or • Viewport mapping and clipping

6. Which of the following colors belong to the standard four-color subtractive
color model used in color printing or otherwise used to describe the printing
process?Answers: • Magenta or • Yellow

7. Which of the following file formats are popular vector-graphics formats?Answers: • EPS or • SVG

8. _________ adds appropriately colored pixels to an image to make it seem as
though more colors were present in the original.Answers: • Over print

9. What does the term "stroke weight" denote?Answers: • A term that illustration software uses to specify the thickness of a
line when drawing a path.

10. The effect that occurs when an object nearer to the viewport in 3-D space
blocks (masks) another, more distant object from view is called:Answers: • Depth

11. What is meant by the term projection?Answers: • The process of mapping three dimensional images to two dimensions for
display.

12. What is meant by the term rigging?Answers: • The process of linking a 3-D object, such as modeling a character, to
its bone structure (skeletal animation).

13. A technique for achieving higher quality in lower-quality images is called
__________. It takes advantage of an optical illusion to simulate 24-bit quality
with 8-bit or 16-bit images:Answers: • Dithering

14. Which of the following raster graphics editors used to process digital
graphics and photographs is/are open source, instead of being proprietary?Answers: • GIMP

15. Which one of the following graphics standard specifications is the main
competitor to Microsoft's Direct3D (the 3D graphics API within DirectX)?Answers: • OpenGL

16. Which one of the following is a data structure used to organize objects
within a space, which can be used in hidden-surface removal and in ray tracing?Answers: • Binary space partitioning (BSP) tree

17. What does the term "constraint" imply?Answers: • A rule or condition that must be followed regarding how the
individual objects within an graphic can or cannot move, such as a wrist having
to be attached to both a hand and an end of the lower arm.

18. What is meant by the term fog?Answers: • The mixing of an image with a fixed color that thickens as the
image's pixels get further away from the viewpoint.

19. What does the term "jaggies" imply?Answers: • The stair-step effect seen along curves and edges in text or
bit-mapped graphics.

20. The first procedure in the OpenGL pipeline is to transform a 3-D point that
is defined in the object coordinate system into the world coordinate system.
This step has three possible transformations: rotation, scaling, and
translation. Which one of those below is typically the correct order for
executing these three transformations?Answers: • First rotation, then translation, and then scaling.

21. In computer animation, the entire frame is redrawn for each frame. What of
the following would reduce flicker between frames?Answers: • Double buffering

22. Bitmapped graphics are also known as:Answers: • Raster graphics

23. Select from the following choices the one that most closely completes the
Shannon sampling theorem: "The ideal samples of a continuous function contain
all the information in the original function if and only if the continuous
function is sampled at a frequency ________________ the highest frequency in the
function."Answers: • Equal to

24. In computer graphics, when a line or object is moved where one end or point
stays fixed in position is termed as:Answers: • Rubber banding

25. Which of the following best describes the term "vertex-vertex polygon mesh?"Answers: • The simplest mathematical representation of a mesh, but which is not
widely used due to the lack of explicit face and edge information.

26. Which of the following polygon meshes is most commonly used in mesh
modelling because its input data are more readily acceptable to modern hardware?Answers: • Vertex-face mesh

27. Which of the following rotation techniques gives the best results?Answers: • Quaternions

28. What is meant by the term gradient?Answers: • A color (or grayscale) fill that gradually blends from one color to
another, perhaps from light to dark, for example.

29. The serial execution of the processes applied to geometric primitives (text,
lines, polygons, curves, and surfaces) in a graphics package to produce
two-dimensional output is called its:Answers: • Rendering pipeline

30. What does the term "spline" imply?Answers: • In computer-aided design, a smooth curve that runs through a series
of given points.

31. Another term for the video output device for storing the graphic image as it
is being formed and later used for displaying the image is:Answers: • Frame buffer

32. A modeling technique based upon a formal grammar whereby complex shapes are
recursively generated from relatively simpleprocedures is termed as:Answers: • Graftal

33. The process of using an image described in a vector-graphics format and
converting it into a bitmapped image as output on a display or printer, or as
storage in a bitmapped file is known asAnswers: • Rasterization

34. Which one of the color parameters measures how far away the color is from
gray?Answers: • Hue

35. An image rendering process that builds images based upon the propagation of
light rays and the effects of absorption, reflection, and refraction associated
with the objects being scanned is termed as:Answers: • Ray tracing

36. Images based upon geometric elements, such as points, curves, and surfaces,
that follow mathematical equations are called:Answers: • Vectors

37. Which of the following techniques reduces the appearance of jagged edges of
lines and edges in raster graphics?Answers: • Anti-aliasing

38. What does the term "depth sort" imply?Answers: • An algorithm for creating a hidden-line drawing of polygon data sets
by drawing the polygons from the most distant to the closest, in order.

39. What does the term "bezier" imply?Answers: • The term that describes one way that illustration software may create
curves and shapes by using control points and control handles.

40. In computer graphics, a technique in which irregularities in shading are
created for simulating rough textures is called:Answers: • Bump mapping

41. When considering illumination from light sources, which of the following
types of light sources has the same intensity in all directions:Answers: • Point source

42. Which of the following is the most commonly used lighting model?Answers: • Phong

43. What does the term "flythrough" imply?Answers: • A type of animation in which the camera moves around a scene, rather
than objects moving in front of a stationary camera.

44. The number of bits per pixel typically used for the color depth to be
described as being a truecolor format is:Answers: • 24

45. In a 3-D graphics environment, the process of subdividing a surface into a
mesh of smaller shapes that are easy to analyze is known as:Answers: • Tessellation

46. Which of the following types of reflection transmits light in all direction
with the same energy?Answers: • Diffuse

47. The process whereby a specific key color (often blue or green) within an
image is made transparent when that image is mixed with another image is known
as:Answers: • Chroma keying

48. Which of the following vector graphics editors used to process digital
graphics is/are open source, instead of being proprietary?Answers: • Inkscape

49. The rendering of three-dimensional computer graphics often employs one or
more approaches to model a complex four-dimensional mathematical function that
defines the physical behavior of light at an opaque surface. This fundamental
radiometric concept is known as the:Answers: • Bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF)

50. Which of the following graphic formats allow for animation?Answers: • GIF

51. A process in 2-D computer graphics whereby a closed vector path is used to
mask (block) parts of an image is known as:Answers: • Clipping path

52. What is meant by the term auto trace?Answers: • A programmed function in illustration software that converts raster
graphics into vector graphics whereby paths are created along the edges of a
scanned image.

53. Which one of the following formats would provide the least amount of
pixelation when its dimensions are scaled (magnified) in size?Answers: • JPEG

54. What is meant by the term crop?Answers: • Trimming or masking of photos, graphics, drawings, or illustrations.

55. What is meant by the term stroke?Answers: • A term that illustration software uses to describe the width of a
line in a path.