Volume II of the definitive series on the microbiology of wastewater treatment

The activated sludge process is the most versatile, commonly used wastewater treatment system in North America; however, many activated sludge processes frequently experience operational problems related to poor compaction or settleability of secondary solids and loss of secondary solids from the clarifier. Eschewing the technical jargon and copious chemical equations found in the majority of wastewater studies, Settleability Problems and Loss of Solids in the Activated Sludge Process speaks directly to plant operators, showing them how to identify and solve common problems and achieve maximum efficiency.

Michael H. Gerardi’s hands-on guide addresses the most common plant operational problems, such as increased costs, loss of treatment efficiency, and permit violations. Using numerous tables and illustrations, Settleability Problems provides microscopic and analytical techniques for troubleshooting and identifying the conditions responsible for settleability problems and loss of solids. It includes pictures of wet mounts and smears of acceptable and unacceptable microscopic conditions of the activated sludge and presents corrective measures for operational problems. Chapters include:

Undesired Filamentous Growth

Nutrient-Deficient Floc Particles

Denitrification

Slug Discharge of Soluble cBOD

Viscous Bulking or Zoogloeal Growth

Production and Accumulation of Foam and Scum

The Wastewater Microbiology Series tackles the critical topics of cost-effective operation, permit compliance, process control, and troubleshooting through a microbiological perspective. Volume II in the series, Settleability Problems will prove to be of unparalleled value to wastewater treatment plant operators as well as students of wastewater microbiology.

This publication presents the findings of the first Ph.D. thesis on
the EU system for the Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization
of Chemicals (REACH) which has impacted companies across the world
since 2008.

As cities grow and climates change, precipitation increases, and
with every great storm-from record-breaking Boston blizzards to
floods in Houston-come buckets of stormwater and a deluge of
problems. In Stormwater, William G. Wilson brings us the first
expansive guide to stormwater science and management in urban
environments, where rising runoff threatens both human and
environmental health. As Wilson shows, rivers of runoff flowing
from manmade surfaces-such as roads, sidewalks, and industrial
sites-carry a glut of sediments and pollutants. Unlike soil,
pavement does not filter or biodegrade these contaminants. Oil,
pesticides, road salts, metals, automobile chemicals, and bacteria
all pour into stormwater systems. Often this runoff discharges
directly into waterways, uncontrolled and untreated, damaging
valuable ecosystems. Detailing the harm that can be caused by this
urban runoff, Wilson also outlines methods of control, from
restored watersheds to green roofs and rain gardens, and, in so
doing, gives hope in the face of an omnipresent threat. Illustrated
throughout, Stormwater will be an essential resource for urban
planners and scientists, policy makers, citizen activists, and
environmental educators in the stormy decades to come.

The only step-by-step guide to an exciting new chemical management and waste minimization methodology

Over the past decade, a revolutionary new approach to chemical supply has emerged that dramatically reduces chemical waste and chemical costs while improving company performance. Known as Shared Savings Chemical Management, it has already yielded astonishing results for several major North American manufacturing firms and numerous other companies. The first complete guide to this innovative chemical management methodology, Chemical Management acquaints you with Shared Savings principles and shows you how to put them to work in your company.

Thomas Bierma and Francis Waterstraat Jr. explore the environmental, health and safety, purchasing, inventory, tracking, waste disposal, and other major problems inherent to traditional chemical supply programs, and clearly explain how and why a Shared Savings Chemical Management program helps minimize or completely eliminate those problems. With the help of fascinating case studies, they demonstrate how Shared Savings techniques are currently being applied in five extremely successful plants belonging to GM, Ford, Chrysler, and Navistar International. What’s more, they provide you with a complete, step-by-step blueprint for designing and implementing a Shared Savings program tailored to your company.

A landfill is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial.
Historically, landfills have been the most common methods of
organised waste disposal and remain so in many places around the
world. Landfills may include internal waste disposal sites as well
as sites used by many producers. Many landfills are also used for
other waste management purposes, such as the temporary storage,
consolidation and transfer, or processing of waste material
(sorting, treatment, or recycling). A landfill also may refer to
ground that has been filled in with soil and rocks instead of waste
materials, so that it can be used for a specific purpose, such as
for building houses. Unless they are stabilised, these areas may
experience severe shaking or liquefaction of the ground in a large
earthquake. This book presents new research in a field which is
demanding and beginning to receive society's attention.

Hazardous waste is a waste with properties that make it dangerous
or potentially harmful to human health or the environment.
Hazardous waste generally exhibits one or more of these
characteristics: ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity or toxicity.
The universe of hazardous wastes is large and diverse. Hazardous
wastes can be liquids, solids, contained gases, or sludges. They
can be the by-products of manufacturing processes or simply
discarded commercial products, like cleaning fluids or pesticides.
One major type is radioactive waste. This book brings together the
latest research in this diverse field.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. This new book
provides a multiperspective look at research into many elements of
remediating environmental hazards connected to sewage and landfill
leachate. Sewage and landfill leachate treatments include various
processes that are used to manage and dispose of the liquid
portions of solid waste. Untreated leachate and sewage are hazards
to the environment if they enter the water system. The goal of
treatment is to reduce the contaminating load to the point that
leachate and sewage liquids may be safely released into
groundwater, streams, lakes, and the ocean. Around the world,
however, huge volumes of contaminated water from sewage and
landfill leachate is still pumped directly into water systems,
especially in the world's developing nations. Aside from the damage
to marine environments and fisheries that this causes, it also
jeopardizes the world's vulnerable water resources. This compendium
volume explores effective sewage management, which is essential for
nutrient recycling and for maintaining ecosystem integrity. It
looks at a range of technologies that are available for the
treatment of sewage and landfill leachate. The editor, himself a
respected and experienced researcher in this field, includes
chapters that cover biological treatments, reverse osmosis, and
chemical-physical processes. This volume offers important research
that will help us both assess our existing treatment facilities, as
well as build better, more effective ones for the future.

Principles of Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment covers
the basic principles of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology,
including biological treatment, membrane filtration, and MBR
applications. The book discusses concrete principles, appropriate
design, and operational aspects. It covers a wide variety of MBR
topics, including filtration theory, membrane materials and
geometry, fouling phenomena and properties, and strategies for
minimizing fouling. Also covered are the practical aspects such as
operation and maintenance. Case studies and examples in the book
help readers understand the basic concepts and principles clearly,
while problems presented help advance relevant theories more
deeply. Readers will find this book a helpful resource to
understand the state of the art in MBR technology.

Hazardous waste is a waste with properties that make it dangerous
or potentially harmful to human health or the environment.
Hazardous waste generally exhibits one or more of these
characteristics: ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity or toxicity.
The universe of hazardous wastes is large and diverse. Hazardous
wastes can be liquids, solids, contained gases, or sludges. They
can be the by-products of manufacturing processes or simply
discarded commercial products, like cleaning fluids or pesticides.
One major type is radioactive waste. This book brings together the
latest research in this diverse field.

This is one of three forms that supersede HTM 2022 (1999, ISBN
011322141X). Separate forms are available for High hazard (ISBN
0113227396) and Bacteria filter (ISBN 011322740X) permits to work.
Guidance on use of the forms is contained in HTM 02-01 Part B
Operational management (ISBN 0113227434), and further information
on the new system is available in HTM 02-01 Part A Design,
installation, validation and verification (ISBN 0113227426). On
cover: Medical gases

"Industrial Waste Treatment Handbook" provides the most reliable
methodology for identifying which waste types are produced from
particular industrial processes and how they can be treated. There
is a thorough explanation of the fundamental mechanisms by which
pollutants become dissolved or become suspended in water or air.
Building on this knowledge, the reader will learn how different
treatment processes work, how they can be optimized, and the most
efficient method for selecting candidate treatment processes.
Utilizing the most up-to-date examples from recent work at one of
the leading environmental and science consulting firms, this book
also illustrates approaches to solve various environmental quality
problems and the step-by-step design of facilities.
* Practical applications to assist with the selection of
appropriate treatment technology for target pollutants.
* Includes case studies based on current work by experts in waste
treatment, disposal, management, environmental law and data
management.
* Provides glossary and table of acronyms for easy reference.

This work presents the findings of an extensive study on the
state-of-the-art regarding the problem of food waste in Belarus,
Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden. The results
show that the problem of food waste can be found at different
levels in each country and that our knowledge of it is limited by
the current lack of studies in the area. The problem is primarily
due to food waste generated by the manufacturing sector, mostly in
the form of unused or inefficiently used by-products, as well as on
a share of food thrown away by households that is still suitable
for human consumption. The main reduction/prevention method,
applied across the countries, is food donation; the remaining
methods are the same ones used for biodegradable waste in the
respective countries. The findings gathered in this study show a
number of potential measures/methods for sustainable food waste
management, which may be considered in future works in order to
reduce the amounts of food waste generated in each of the
aforementioned countries.

This book explores state-of-art techniques based on methodological
and modeling aspects of solid and hazardous waste management,
specifically focusing on the recent trends in data acquisition and
robust modeling of the results obtained. In addition to an in-depth
description of the recent regulatory paradigm for solid waste
disposal and revealing insights into solid waste management models,
the book also addresses significant case history and remediation
methodologies for sustainable development in emerging economies
like India, China and Brazil. The main emphasis is on a suitable
regulatory framework with site-specific baseline calibration and
aimed at the robust modeling of contaminant transport and its
remediation. This is based on instructive case history in various
locations/regions worldwide. The focus on recent modeling and
quantification methods is the backbone of the book. One of the
major aspects discussed is the application of non-invasive methods
for studies related to the Earth's interior, which are increasingly
preferred over invasive techniques thanks to their economic
utility, as well as robust techniques for the interpretation of
geophysical data. The increasing demand for groundwater and energy
resources, especially for rapidly emerging countries with large
populations like India and China, has made it vital to derive safe
utilization approaches for our resources, including suitable waste
disposal and remediation methodologies that can be adopted for
'contaminated sites.'

The Superfund program is the principal federal effort for cleaning
up hazardous waste sites and protecting public health and the
environment from releases of hazardous substances. The
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act of 1980 (CERCLA) established the program, and the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorisation Act of 1986 (SARA) amended it. This
book includes data and other pertinent information about CERCLA and
the Superfund program, followed by a glossary. EPA defines
brownfields as abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and
commercial facilities where expansion or redevelopment is
complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination.
FY1997 was the first year brownfields became a separate budgetary
line item, at $37.7 million. For FY2000 the appropriation was $91.7
million. In the FY2001 budget, the Administration requested and was
appropriated $91.6 million. The 106th Congress extended the
brownfields cleanup tax incentive to December 31, 2003, and
expanded it to make all brownfields certified by a state
environmental agency eligible for tax break. Other brownfields
bills introduced in the Congress appeared to confirm the general
direction EPA has taken. Two Superfund reauthorisation bills were
reported in the House, each of which contained a title on
brownfields. The history, background and operations of the
brownfields are described.

Geotechnical engineering of landfills is a symposium designed to
provide a forum for the presentation of recent developments in the
design, construction and operation of landfills facilities. The
papers presented in this volume bring together expertise and
experience from industry, academia and the Environment Agency.

Hitherto the disposal of munitions was mostly concerned with
obsolete stocks, but the political developments in the states of
the former Soviet Union have necessitated the disposal of vast
quantities of current and obsolete stocks. Obviously, open
burning/open detonation cannot be used on such a large scale, not
least for environmental considerations. There are two main
technical problems associated with the disposal of munitions on the
scale required. First, the materials are not simple wastes or
rubbish. Their handling, storage, packaging and transportation are
subject to very rigid regulation, and justifiably so, for obvious
reasons. Second, they are very valuable goods, for which a high
price has been paid by the holding states' economic systems. Mere
destruction would mean the irretrievable loss of the value
invested. But therein lies the problem. Goods like steel or brass
scrap can easily be reclaimed, but hypergols and other rocket fuels
(for instance) represent a true chemical challenge, while, under
certain conditions, explosives may be diverted to civilian use.
This, in summary, is the problem that the present book deals with:
the two-pronged attack involving demilitarization and recycling
technologies.

This guide takes a practical approach to the subject and provides
an overview of regulations in the USA and Germany. It covers topics
including: the individual components of candidate cover systems;
examples of cross-sections of final covers on hazardous waste,
non-hazardous waste and abandoned dumps; details of a water balance
methodology; design examples on slope stability; elements of
theory, designs and emerging systems; and related considerations
and summary.

Public concern over the environmental and health risks posed by underground storage tank (UST) systems has given rise to myriad codes, standards, and regulations in recent years. In many states, UST owners, operators, contractors, and inspectors must prove that they understand how to apply a vast and growing body of technical and legal specifications to their work.

Technology of Underground Liquid Storage Tank Systems is based on John Hartmann's celebrated training course at the University of Wisconsin-Madison—the longest-running, most well-attended course of its kind. It was written for busy engineers, contractors, owner/operators, and inspectors who need to come up to speed on both the technology and the regulatory requirements involved in designing, installing, and closing USTs.

This complete, practical guide covers all the bases, from site assessment to damage control, regulatory compliance and legal considerations to project management. Drawing upon his 35 years of experience as a UST contractor and consultant, as well as the experience of several other leading experts in the field, Mr. Hartmann provides careful, step-by-step guidance and a gold mine of practical advice on how to avoid most technical and legal snags commonly encountered in building, maintaining, or removing USTs.

Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations: Process
Coupling across Time and Spatial Scales summarizes state-of-the-art
research, emphasizing how the coupling of physical and chemical
processes as subsurface systems re-equilibrate during and after the
injection of CO2. In addition, it addresses, in an easy-to-follow
way, the lack of knowledge in understanding the coupled processes
related to fluid flow, geomechanics and geochemistry over time and
spatial scales. The book uniquely highlights process coupling and
process interplay across time and spatial scales that are relevant
to geological carbon storage.

The European Union initially demonstrated its interest in waste in
the late 70s with the progamme on Waste Recycling Research and
Development. At that time composting was only present as a
coordination activity and it was only later that specific research
programmes in the area were within Europe which was largely
instrumental in setting up a series of European conferences,
seminars and work- shops. Some of these have resulted in
publications which have made significant contributions to
developments in the understanding of composting and the use of
composts. In particular the outputs from meetings in Oxford (
1984), Udine (1986), Neresheim ( 1988) and Angers ( 1991) are
worthy of note. Composting has seen significant changes since the
70s when the major thrust in Europe was using mixed municipal solid
waste as a feed material. Many com- posting plants which were built
to use this material were closed due to the poor quality of the
compost which made it very difficult to market. As a result the
main areas of interest, as far as the municipa1ities are concemed,
are now with biowaste and source-separated organics. This interest
is apparent from the many new plants which are being constructed
across Europe, and the ready market which exists for the products.
In parallel with the renewed interest of the municipalities other
areas, such as agriculture and the wastewater treatment industries,
are also developing their own schemes.