2. Phase II – 165 Subjects

VLN cigarettes produced significantly better results than the FDA-approved nicotine lozenge; even the smokers who ultimately did not quit ended up reducing their cigarette consumption by 37%

The 0.05 mg nicotine yield cigarettes may be a tobacco product that can facilitate cessation

This study was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), (grant id: P50 DA013333)

3. Phase III – 1,410 Subjects

The combined effect of very low nicotine content cigarettes, used as an adjunct to usual Quitline care (nicotine replacement therapy and behavioural support), on smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial.

VLN cigarettes produced significantly better results than FDA-approved nicotine lozenges; even those smokers who ultimately didn’t quit ended up reducing their cigarette consumption from 19 cigarettes per day to 12 cigarettes per day

Very Low Nicotine cigarettes were associated with greater relief of withdrawal than the nicotine lozenge

Funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), (grant id: R01 DA025598 and U54DA031659)

Response to varying the nicotine content of cigarettes in vulnerable populations: an initial experimental examination of acute effects

There was no evidence of compensatory smoking with VLN cigarettes in these vulnerable populations and there were significant reductions in nicotine withdrawal and cravings with VLN cigarettes

These initial results in more vulnerable populations of smokers are encouraging regarding the feasibility of a national policy to reduce the nicotine content of cigarettes to very low levels without substantial adverse effects

Funded by a Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science (TCORS) award (P50DA036114) from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and Food and Drug Administration