asymmetric ripple mark
-is a ripple mark structure with a steep, short slope on the downstream side of its crest
and
a low angle, long
slope on the upstream side. Preserved ripple marks of this
type
are indicators of current directions of ancient streams.-asymmetric ripple marks-1-asymmetric ripple marks-2

braided stream
-consists of many parallel and interwoven streams separated by an abundance of
gravel bars.
The gravel bars are deposited as the main stream slows in its flow
due to loss of volume of
water and thus loses its competence and capacity.
-9 views of braided rivers

buoyancy
-Objects denser than the fluid in which they are placed will sink; objects less
dense than the
luid in which they are placed will float. A dense object placed
within a fluid will have its apparent
weight decreased equal to the weight of an
equal volume of water that it displaces.-density and buoyancy-Opal's Pals

channelization
-is the attempt by humans to straighten out a meandering river.

continental divide
-is a line on a map that separates the collection of drainage basins that empty
into the Pacific
Ocean from those drainage basins that empty into the Atlantic
Ocean.

contour line
-is a line on a map that indicates a constant elevation on the land surface.

contour plowing
-is a form of land conservation; instead of plowing in straight lines, the plowing
in hilly areas follows
contour lines. The furrows left by the plow in contour
plowing act as small terraces which prevent
runoff from carrying soil away.

dam
-is a structure built across a stream or river channel for the purpose of blocking
the flow of water.
-10 views of dams

ephemeral stream
-is a stream that only flows part of the year. An ephemeral stream is often called a "dry wash".

erosion
-is the process of carrying away materials in contrast to weathering which
causes the breakdown of materials.-stream
erosion-Opal's Pals

flash flood
-occurs when a dry wash (stream channel) that suddenly fills with water. The water level in
the channel quickly
rises, surge after surge. Often the source of the water may
be a rainstorm in the mountains many miles away.
flash flood- Hereford, Arizona after the Monument fire:
1
2
3
4 (black charcoal in water)

Great Salt Lake, Utah
-is a large lake in central Utah that has no river draining it; evaporation of
water from the lake has
concentrated the salt in solution to the point where the
water is saltier than seawater.-geologic map
of the Great Salt Lake

headwaters
-are at the highest elevation of a stream channel. It is the point where a stream just starts to form.
-headwaters-Opal's Pals

hydroelectric power
-is electrical energy created by turbines built into dams.

levee
-is a hill that runs parallel to a river and is created by multiple flooding
events where the flood
waters deposit sediments as the the river overflows its banks.
-6 views of levees-levee-Opal's
Pals

local base level
-In areas where there has been relatively recent tectonic uplift and faulting, a
stream may not flow
down to its ultimate base level which is sea level. Instead,
the stream ends in a lake at a higher
elevation that has no outlet.

longitudinal profile
-is a graphical plot of the elevation of a stream compared to the distance from its
starting point.-stream
profile-Opal's Pals

trellis drainage
-is a modified dendritic (tree-like) drainage pattern where many of the stream
branches run parallel to a single
direction, influenced by a series of regional
folds or a regional fault system.
-trellis drainage pattern diagram

tributary
-is a smaller stream that feeds into a larger stream; the term may also apply to
rivers that feed into larger
rivers and small valley glaciers that feed into
larger valley glaciers.