In Nick's case study, this occurs after the encopresis is externalized as an oppressive influence in his life (in effect, excising it from Nick's identity and transforming it into a foe to be combated).

Encopresis and enuresis were more common in a cohort of 93 children and adolescents aged 7-16 years with early adolescent bipolar disorder I phenotype, compared with 81 children with ADHD and 94 healthy controls, wrote Tricia Klages and her colleagues at Washington University in St.

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