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Name SOCI 343 Spring 2012 Due 1/24/13 Assignment 1 – Saints and Roughnecks This reading is an article written by William Chambliss in the 1970s. This work was intended to show the disparities in treatment based on social standing rather than actual wrongdoing. Be sure to answer each question fully. Each answer should begin with the corresponding number. DO NOT repeat the question. Answer in complete sentences. I expect your total responses to be AT LEAST a ½ page to 1 page. Formatting is as follows: 1” margins, single spaced, Times New Roman, 12 point font. If you are going to quote from the text, you MUST give credit to the authors!!!! If not, that is plagiarism and you will not receive credit for the assignment. Put your quote in “quotations” and at then end of the quote, put the following: (Chambliss 1973: pg#). 1. How does Chambliss describe the Saints? How are the Roughnecks described? 2. Where would the Saints head on the weekends and what activities would they engage in? 3. How many times was Chambliss aware of the Saints being stopped by the police in Big Town during his two years of observation? What were the reasons for the stops? 4. Which Roughneck committed the most serious offense? What was it? 5. What were the three types of delinquency in which the Roughnecks primarily engaged? 6. Which group was more delinquent based on the number of illegal acts? Which group was more prone to physical violence? 7. The posture adopted by the Roughnecks is an indication of what according to the community? 8. What does Chambliss consider to be the three surface variables that explain the day to day operations of the police? How did the “procedure” of disregarding the Saints’ delinquencies while focusing on the Roughnecks develop? 9. Briefly (in general) what happened to the Saints after high school? Which Roughneck changed his life for the better? 10. What was Chambliss’s conclusion regarding selective perception and labeling?

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The number of saints
Well there are over 2,500 according to Roman Catholicism sources, but no definitive count. This is because many were put into saint hood a long time ago by popular demand of the people.
How the Church chooses saints
Canonization, the process the Church uses to name a saint, has only been used since the tenth century. For hundreds of years, saints were chosen by public acclaim. Though this was a more democratic way to recognize saints, some saints' stories were distorted by legend and some never existed. Gradually, the bishops and finally the Vatican took over authority for approving saints.
In 1983, Pope John Paul II made sweeping changes in the canonization procedure. The process begins after the death of a Catholic whom people regard as holy. Often, the process starts many years after death in order give perspective on the candidate. The local bishop investigates the candidate's life and writings for heroic virtue. Then a panel of theologians at the Vatican evaluates the candidate. After approval by the panel and cardinals of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, the pope proclaims the candidate "venerable."
The next step, beatification, requires evidence of one miracle (except in the case of martyrs). Since miracles are considered proof that the person is in heaven and can...

...Dorothy Day, Saint-Worthy?
Almost immediately after her death in 1980 controversy arose about whether Dorothy Day should be canonized a Saint by the Church. Now that the Vatican has approved the late Cardinal John O'Connor's request to consider Dorothy Day's "cause," the controversy is being rekindled. After converting, she dedicated her life to New York's poor and immigrants, building hospitality homes that operated much like homeless shelters. Her endeavor grew into the national Catholic Worker movement, a social justice crusade conducted in revolutionary tones new to the church.
When she died, a multitude came down to the old dwelling off the Bowery to pay their respects, the way people had come to Catholic Worker houses for soup. There were Catholic Workers, social workers, migrant workers, the unemployed; addicts, alcoholics, anarchists; Protestants, Jews and agnostics; the devout and the strident and the curious, there to see what a saint looked like. Dorothy Day died in 1980, at the age of 83. She was one of the greatest religious figures of the century, and one of the most paradoxical. She was a Catholic and she was an anarchist. She condemned poverty and she advocated it. She founded the Catholic Worker, a loose aggregation of 'houses of hospitality,' communal farms, newspapers and round-table discussions for 'further clarification of thought' - and called her memoirs 'The Long Loneliness.' The movement was wary...

...“Saint Marie” is a chapter from “Love Medicine” written by Louise Erdrich in 1984. “Love Medicine” is her first novel, in which she focuses on the relations between two Chippewa families living on an Indian Reservation. Marie Lazarre is one of the major characters from whose viewpoint we can learn about their lives in the reservation and outside.
“Saint Marie” is about Marie Lazarre’s journey to the Sacred Heart Convent at the age of fourteen. This journey is about losing her native religion and converting to Christianity, and by becoming a Christian she will eventually be an Indian saint. “And I'd be carved in pure gold. With ruby lips. And my toenails would be little pink ocean shells, which they would have to stoop down off their high horse to kiss.”
She resists her own culture and calls herself white. “I don't have that much Indian blood” and “I looked good. And I looked white” she says at one point in the novel. She also says that she has “the mail-order Catholic soul you get in a girl raised out in the bush”. She decides to climb the mountain to the convent where there are nuns who don’t get along elsewhere. The convent is full of nuns who complain a lot or lose their minds.
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...Should We Strive To be Moral Saints?
In the article, “Moral Saint’s” written by Susan Wolfe she states that the moral saint is, “One whose every action is as morally good as possible, a person, that is, who is as morally worthy as can be.” I believe that for humans striving to be a moral saint is in a sense admirable, but should not be viewed as a realistic goal, in the sense that if not attained, one is deemed immoral or a failure. In class we had discussed Susan’s essay and talked about her views in terms of why humans should not aspire to live as moral Saints. In it she gives some valid points on why we should not do so, and although not all of her arguments are done so in a tasteful way, I must admit that she does share somewhat of a common stance on the question as myself.
If someone were to ask another to give a few examples of people that they’d personally aspire to be, I feel as if one is more likely to name Gene Simons rather than Mahatma Gandhi. Okay, maybe this isn’t entirely true, but then again the point that I am trying to make is that in terms of aspirations, more people would chose to live the lifestyle of the star athlete, rock star, or successful entrepreneur rather than that of Mother Theresa. We do so because underneath are skin lies both free will and unique passions. Free will allows us to dip into and out of areas through our personal choices and past experiences. Habitually acting on...

...How All Saints Day through the years changed to Halloween
The history of Halloween was not developed down for hundreds of years; some of them are still unclear and subject to discussion. But the most believable history is that Halloween originated in the British Isles out of the Pagan Celtic celebration of Samhain. It goes back as far as 5 B.C. It was believed that spirits rose from the dead and mingled with the living on this day. The Celts left food at their doors or graves to encourage good spirits and wore masks to scare the bad ones. Some believe that the Romans who invaded England added a few of their own traditions to the celebration of Samhain; such as celebrating the end of the harvest and honoring the dead. Others say that since the Romans never conquered the Celts (Ireland and Scotland) there was no mingling of cultures, and that the Celts celebrated the end of the harvest and honored their dead in this way.
Celts believed in transitions, when things change from one thing to another, everything was for a reason. Samhain did what was the turning point of the year (the change of weather). They thought everything changed. They believed that the world of living and dead were very close at this time, and the spirit of the death was actually free to travel. They thought the souls of all the people who had died during the year traveled into the other world.
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...This passage, from the epilogue of Bernard Shaw’s Saint Joan, introduces King Charles’ viewpoint of Joan. It occurs twenty five years after the execution of Joan. Charles is having a dream and talking to Ladvenu who is a holy man that has dedicated his life to clearing Joan. In the epilogue, Charles represents the government and Ladvenu represents the view of the church.
Ladvenu says “I think of what it means to her” when Joan’s name is cleared. However, Charles says that he cannot think of what it means to her because nobody ever really knew her. By this he means that they followed her without any understanding. The people and especially the common folk, followed her based on her character and confidence, not based on any true understanding of her. Receiving visions was something that was unheard of and unfamiliar to the people of that time. It went against the teachings of the Catholic church which ruled even above the king.
When Charles says “She was like nobody else,” he means that no one else was willing to defy the Church. She stood up for herself and her beliefs. Joan dressed like a man and she fought and talked to saints in her head. As far as the Church was concerned Joan was a liability that needed to be taken care of. Politically, Joan was also a problem. The English wanted her gone and so did the Burgundians because she was defeating them. Inevitably, both groups took action and she was executed.
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...Saint Monica
Saint Monica, mother of Saint Augustine of Hippo is most famously known for the conversion of her husband, Patricius, and Saint Augustine. She was born in Tagaste, North Africa and is known to be of Berber origin because of her name. There she was born and raised by her mother and father. As soon as she was old enough, her parents arranged her marriage to a Tagaste official.
Saint Monica’s marriage to Patricius was difficult in many ways imaginable. Not only was he much older than her, but he also had a very violent temper. Another reason that their marriage was not as happy as it could have been was the fact that her good deeds, prayer, and holy ways aggravated him. Of course she was not the only woman who had an unhappy marriage but she set an example for others through her patience, sweetness, and respect for her husband. Patricius, nor his mother, ever had any intentions of converting to the Christian faith. Through her prayer and faith she was able to convert them both.
The conversion of her husband and mother-in- law, were much easier than the conversion of her eldest son, who became known as Saint Augustine of Hippo. She prayed for 17 long years, while also begging for the prayers of others such as priests. At one point she had given up hope that her son would ever convert so she refused to let him sleep or eat in her household. She was only convinced to make...

...Philippine Saint : Saint Lorenzo Ruiz
Lorenzo Ruiz
Saint Lorenzo Ruiz (ca. 1600 – 29 September 1637), also known as Laurentius Ruiz de Manila or San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila, is the firstFilipino saint venerated in the Roman Catholic Church; he is thus the protomartyr of the Philippines. He was killed for refusing to leave Japan and renounce his Roman Catholic beliefs during the persecution of Japanese Christians under the Tokugawa Shogunate in the 17th century.
Saint Lorenzo is patron saint of, among others, the Philippines and Filipinos.
Early life
Lorenzo Ruiz was born in Binondo, Manila to a Chinese father and a Filipino mother who were bothCatholic. His father taught him Chinese while his mother taught him Tagalog. Ruiz served as an altar boy at the convent of Binondo church. After being educated by the Dominicanfriars for a few years, Ruiz earned the title of escribano (calligrapher) because of his skillful penmanship. He became a member of the Cofradia del Santissimo Rosario (Confraternity of the Most Holy Rosary). He married Rosario, a native, and they had two sons and a daughter. The Ruiz family lead a generally peaceful, religious and content life.
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