WASHINGTON — A new Vatican document on the economy, which contains a strong emphasis on financial transactions and maneuvers, is getting a warm welcome among U.S. Catholics who observe the economic scene.

“I think they did OK,” said Father Seamus Finn, an Oblate of Mary Immaculate who is chairman of the board of the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility and head of his order’s Justice, Peace and Integrity of Creation Office.

“I’m not surprised in the things that it comments on — shadow banking, offshoring — things we’ve been following very closely for the past 10 years,” Father Finn said. The world financial crisis, which was dubbed “the Great Recession” in the United States, made its first impact 10 years ago.

The document, dated Jan. 6 but issued May 17, is titled “Considerations for an Ethical Discernment Regarding Some Aspects of the Present Economic-Financial System.” It was a joint product of the Vatican Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development.

“These very specific items that are addressed are freely a call to a more ethical and maybe a more cautionary use of some of these instruments if we don’t know what the overall impact is going to be,” Father Finn said. “If we don’t know the fallout or the consequences of an action is going to be … be very careful or don’t use it.”

He added, “I think these instruments by themselves are not inherently destructive. They do perform a particular function in the financial system. It’s the people who are using them. They have to be careful and they have to know what they’re doing.”

William Bowman, dean of the Tim and Steph Busch School of Business and Economics at The Catholic University of America, Washington, also was grateful the Vatican drew a distinction between the financial mechanisms used and those who pull the levers.

“It’s extraordinarily well balanced without taking its focus off the fact that the private sector is there to serve the person and not vice versa,” Bowman said. “This particular document — in acknowledging the role that profit has to play, that entrepreneurs have to play, makes these markets function well — notes all the pressures to concentrate power in the financial sector.”

The document takes a dim view of “the indiscriminate expansion of profits,” he said, adding, “No profit is in fact legitimate when it falls short of the objective of the integral promotion of the human person, the universal destination of goods and the preferential option for the poor.”

If there’s anything lacking in the document, “they should have broadened it to say: Any Catholic who’s running a business, they should have a code of ethics that they’re looking at in the decisions that they’re making,” Father Finn said.

“It gets rather technical in terms of financial issues and economic issues,” said Eric LeCompte, executive director of the Jubilee USA Network.

“It’s clear that the Vatican’s doing that twofold, because they do want to engage in the existing debate that’s taking place right now on these issues at the U.N., the International Monetary Fund and Congress,” LeCompte said. “Tax solutions are being debated that can prevent the next financial crisis. The Vatican is looking in a rather concerned light that we haven’t put in place any real framework to prevent the next financial crisis.”

The second part of LeCompte’s “twofold” analysis: “This situation impacts all of our lives like the oxygen that we breathe. People of faith, Catholics, should try to understand these issues. A stronger reiteration of what these policies are on resolving the debt crisis or the financial crisis.