INTRODUCTION PLASTIC BRACKETS THE CONSTRUCTION, MATERIAL PROPERTIES, BOND STRENGTH, FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE, TORQUE PROPERTIES, BRACKET FRACTURE, GUIDELINES AND CRITERIA CONCERNING THE SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS AND USES, CONCLUSION. Orthodontic patients, including a growing population of adults, not only want an improved smile, but they are also increasingly demanding better aesthetics during treatment. The …

“Variations in Facial Relationship: Their Significance in Treatment and Prognosis” William B. Downs ( Aurora, Illinois) At the Graduate Department of Orthodontia, University of Illinois, Chicago. First prize winner, Essay Contest of the American Association of Orthodontia,1948. Published in American Journal of Orthodontia, Oct., 1948 & reprinted in 1949 Downs …

Early fabrication of orthodontic appliances used vulcanized rubber, which was introduced by Charles Goodyear in 1839 It was the material used by C. A. Hawley in his original removable retainer design. . Acrylic resins were introduced in 1936 in the monomer/polymer form. The autopolymerized or “cold-cured” resins, perfected in Germany …

“All mankind is blessed with vanity”. It is matter of pride for a dentist that with the knowledge of facial structures growth and development we can modulate the growth in the benefit of the patient. A thorough knowledge of growth and development is thus very necessary. Growth was conceived by …

The Roth prescription The Alexander prescription The MBT prescription Bibliography Work of roth The second generation appliance one prescription for most cases, and to finish to an “end of appliance therapy”

Introduction Historical aspect Advantages and limitations Radiographic cephalometric technique Quality of the radiographs Protection from radiation Bibiliography. Cephalometrics includes measurements, description and appraisal of the morphologic configuration and growth changes in the skull by ascertaining the dimensions of line angles and planes between anthropometric land marks established by physical anthropologists …

“ All you can do is to push or pull or turn a tooth. I have given you an appliance. Now for God’s sake use it!” – Angle. “There is only one disease – malocclusion. The medicine is force, and there are a number of ways to apply that force” …

Orthodontists strive for accurate bracket positioning because it makes achieving a superior occlusion easier. Whether one uses a direct or an indirect bonding technique, the initial appliance placement typically includes some bracket-positioning errors. The clinician either corrects these errors during treatment or tediously repeats archwire bends to compensate for the …

Introduction Classification of bone Functions of bone Division of skeletal system Structural anatomy of bones Composition of bone Osteogenesis Physiology of bone Disorders of bone Bone healing Correlation of bone structure & some of its properties Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates One of …

INTRODUCTION Bone or osseous tissue represents the highest differentiation among supporting tissues. It is rigid tissue that constitutes most of the skeleton of higher vertebrates. Skeleton : Bony and cartilaginous framework of the body constitutes the skeleton. Endoskeleton : Where the skeleton is located internally on the body. …

Controlling the movement of a tooth in all directions requires a firm attachment to that tooth.The orthodontic band, cemented to the tooth, is one practical means of obtaining such an attachment for most purposes. The continuing development and refinement of materials and techniques for direction cementation (bonding) of orthodontic attachments …

Controlling the movement of a tooth in all directions requires a firm attachment to that tooth. The orthodontic band, cemented to the tooth, is one practical means of obtaining such an attachment for most purposes. The continuing development and refinement of materials and techniques for direction cementation (bonding) of orthodontic …