The Court concluded that the 1979 transmittal by a music publisher to ASCAP, of letters prepared by the publisher's attorneys, did not waive the attorney-client privilege applicable to those materials. The letters "speak directly to the validity of the copyrights" in the song Happy Birthday To You. "The [transmittal] letter is silent as to the specific reason why [the publisher] provided materials from its outside lawyer to the association’s lawyer regarding the validity. However, the only sensible conclusion that the Court can draw – that is, based on the evidence presented, it is more likely than not – is that ASCAP needed or requested this information to properly represent [the publisher] in exploiting its song rights. ASCAP would only have been able to sue an infringer if it could demonstrate that its principal [the publisher] owned a valid copyright"