Friday, July 31, 2009

"The Beautiful Ideas Which Kill," Futurism and Fascism

RA Bertelli, Mussolini, 1933

We usually associate modern art, and modernism in general, with left wing politics. It is still something of a surprise to discover a fully modern movement with strong ties to right wing politics. Futurism had right wing political sympathies from the beginning, and its creators developed ties with Italian Fascism in the years following the First World War. Mussolini, unlike almost all the other ideological dictators of the 20th century, took an active interest in modernism and, for a while, cultivated it.

The links between Futurism and Fascism are a huge embarrassment for Italians. Futurism is a source of national pride, a brief moment when once again Italy led the world in art and culture. Critics of modernism used these connections with Fascism as an excuse to pounce on modernism in general. The formalist critics who dominated discussion in the 1960s and 70s used these embarrassing ties as further evidence for their view that Futurism was nothing more than a crude provincial variation of cubism, a view not shared by other artists at the time.

Futurism, like Italian Fascism itself, was ideologically a mess. It was a hodge-podge of anarchism, the aesthetics of violence, and nationalism. Italian Fascism was likewise a stew of nationalism, anarchism, syndicalism, opportunism, machismo, and plain thuggery. The brutally pious reactionism of the Spanish Falange under Franco was much more consistent and coherent as a right wing ideology than Italian Fascism. The racism and conflation of the party movement with the state by the Nazis were far more radical. Mussolini never fully understood the meaning or importance of Hitler's racism and antisemitism. Italians have never had much of a taste for ideology or for religious fanaticism. Savonarola is famous precisely because he is so exceptional. Italian Communists in the 1950s and 60s would name their sons after Lenin and take them to church to be baptized. To my mind, this indifference to rational consistency in political and religious matters is a strength and not a weakness. Italy has outlasted both political ideologies and religious dogmas.

Surprisingly, the most enthusiastic admirers of Futurism were all from the far left. Futurism had a decisive impact on those vaguely leftish anarchists that hung out at the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich and created Dada. Those card carrying Communists who made the Berlin Dada, and those true believing Communists who made the short-lived Russian avant-garde were also deeply influenced by Italian Futurism. The Soviet Union's first cultural minister Anatoly Lunacharsky enthusiastically admired Futurism and publicly praised Marinetti at a party congress. The Italian Communist leader Antonio Gramsci also was a fan of Futurism and of Marinetti.

The misogyny and technocratic machismo of the Futurists were shocking, even by the standards of the time, but they were not so exceptional. The far left had its own machismo. The embrace of early feminism by many far left movements was at best only superficial. Genuine progress in gender equality was only made in decadent bourgeois democracies.

I think these ties between Futurism and Fascism say less about Italy and its art, and much more about the relation between modernism and ideological politics. That the far left should so enthusiastically admire Futurism should not be all that surprising. Both far left and far right have a common enemy, liberal bourgeois democracy. Both despise it for largely the same reasons, the smallness of its vision and its ambitions, its cosmopolitanism and rootlessness. Greed and pragmatic tolerance were no substitute for imperial ambition or for fulfilling history through revolution. The ideological conflation of greed with imperial adventure would be a later American invention during the Cold War. The early modernists shared this contempt for the bourgeoisie. But, they were themselves children of the bourgeoisie, and the modernism they created was a bourgeois movement for a bourgeois audience. Modernism was created out of those bourgeois virtues of independence, skepticism, and initiative. They aimed their scorn at those bourgeois vices of greed, hypocrisy, and conformity. The Futurist artists and their followers were all sons of that despised bourgeoisie. They had a bourgeois independence and skepticism that put them at odds with their leaders who were not from bourgeois backgrounds. Marinetti was the son of a wealthy aristocratic family. Mussolini was a blacksmith's son.

Sant'Elia, Boccioni, and Marinetti in uniform, 1914.

The Futurists with their belief in the "hygiene" of war and violence greeted the outbreak of the First World War with delighted enthusiasm. In this they were hardly alone. People across the political spectrum welcomed the war. Europe, in their view, was growing too fat and lazy from 40 years of too much damn peace. The far left greeted the war as the beginning of the end of bourgeois capitalism. Theosophic mystics like Kandinsky believed that the war was the beginning of the spiritual apocalypse. Theodore Roosevelt, with many others, believed that the war was a necessary and welcome purification of Western manhood.Between August 1914 and November 1918 the world did end, though not quite in the way that people expected. Sant'Elia and Boccioni pictured above both died in the war.

Marinetti in 1933 before a portrait of himself with his family.

Marinetti always had the ambition to turn Futurism into a populist movement, contrary to the wishes of the artists who valued their independence. He saw the rise of Mussolini as the perfect opportunity to fulfill this ambition. That nebulously aggressive aesthetic of Futurism would be wedded to that nebulously supremacist right wing movement called Fascism. For a quite a long time, it was a largely happy marriage. Il Duce loved the Futurists precisely because they were so modern, so aggressive, and so daring. He had his own origins in anarchism, and that anarchist aesthetic probably genuinely appealed to him, even as his politics became more nationalist and reactionary.

Casa del Fascismo, Como, 1924

The modernism sponsored by Mussolini could be quite bold, even by today's standards. Above is not some posh post-modern condo building, but the Fascist party headquarters in Como. The big picture of Il Duce, and the flivver parked outside give away its true age.

The most ambitious showpiece of the marriage of Fascism and modernism was the Mostra della Rivoluzione Fascista held in Rome in 1933, to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the coup that made Mussolini absolute ruler of Italy.

In the words of the catalogue, the exhibition aimed to to express

... the atmosphere of the times, all fire and fever, tumultuous, lyrical, glittering. It could only take place in a style matching the artistic adventures of our time, in a strictly contemporary mode. The artists had from Il Duce a clear and precise order; to make something MODERN, full of daring. And they have faithfully obeyed his commands.

The exhibit was a series of thematically decorated rooms rather than a display of artifacts, anticipating a lot of now current exhibition design. Some of them could be very striking.

A gallery from the Mostra.

"Hall of the Fallen"

Perhaps the most striking design was for the "Hall of the Fallen," commemorating the movement's "martyrs." A tall black monolithic cross is surrounded by a ring covered with the repeated answer to a military roll call, "Presente, Presente, Presente, Presente..."

Enrico Prampolini, The Blackshirts, April 15, 1919, a mural in the Mostra

These designs were built when Hitler, Speer, and Troost were just beginning to create their brand of brutal hyper-inflated neo-classicism, when Stalin was just beginning to order huge buildings in that spikey neo-classical wedding cake style unique to his Soviet Union, and when the USA was still building public buildings, like the Supreme Court designed by Cass Gilbert, in a very conservative classical style.

Eventually, Mussolini would come under the spell of inflated grandiose dictator classicism himself when he built a huge New Rome called EUR. It would be after World War II that modernism would fully replace neo-classicism as the power style of preference for everyone from international corporate plutocrats to ideological dictators.

As the Fascists of the 1920s and early 30s embraced a modern aesthetic in architecture, so they embraced a similar aesthetic in graphic design in their posters.

"Only One Heart! Only One Will! Only One Decision!"

These 2 posters make brilliant use of photomontage to combine Il Duce with the Italian masses. In their directness and memorable simplicity, they are way ahead of graphic design anywhere else in the world at the time. Ironically, they were influenced by early Soviet graphic design.

To think of the events of world history that happened just in my lifetime.

The Hall of the Fallen is striking. It brings to mind the Vietnam Wall, but the single word "Presente" repeated over and over seems more what...? I can't think of a word to describe what I want to say. Maybe more heart-wrenching than the names on the Vietnam wall. That's not quite it, either, but it will have to do for now.

Admire the art, but mind the idealogies!

Thanks, Doug. I'm with Rick. We should be paying for this kind of quality teaching.

"We usually associate modern art, and modernism in general, with left wing politics."

Indeed. I remember, many years ago, in a senior English survey course, the professor identifying the four great names of modern poetry: Hopkins, Yeats, Eliot and Pound. One could of course quibble with that list. What's interesting is that none could conceivably be identified as a "man of the left."

6.The Creation of Christian Art: The Origins of Byzantine Form Part 2, Orthodox vs Arian at Ravenna

7. The Creation of Christian Art: Islam

8. The Creation of Christian Art: The Iconoclastic Controversy

10. The Creation of Christian Art: The Scandal of the Cross

Futurism at 100

Futurism and Fascism

Russian Avant-Garde, Part 1

Malevich and Suprematism

Russian Avant-Garde Part 2

Constructivism

Words of Wisdom

Here being built by the Sidonian queenWas a great temple planned in Juno¹s honor,Rich in offerings and the godhead there,Steps led up to a sill of bronze, with brazenLintel, and bronze doors on groaning pins.Here in this grove new things that met his eyesCalmed Aeneas’ fear for the first time,Here for the first time he took heart to hopeFor safety, and to trust his destiny moreEven in affliction. It was while he walkedFrom one to another wall of the great templeAnd waited for the queen, staring amazedAt Carthaginian promise, at the handiworkOf artificers and the toil they spent upon it;He found before his eyes the Trojan battlesIn the Old War now known throughout the world--The great Atridae, Priam, and Achilles,Fierce in his rage at both sidesHere AeneasHalted and tears came, “What spot on the earth,”He said, “What region of the earth, Achates,Is not full of the story of our sorrow?Look, here is Priam. Even so far awayGreat Valor has due honor; they weep hereFor how the world goes, and our life that passesTouches their hearts. This fameInsures some kind of refuge.”--Virgil, from the Aeneid, translated by Robert Fitzgerald

Great masters who have shown mankindAn order it has yet to find,What if all pedants say of youAs personalities be true?All the more honor to you thenIf, weaker than some other men,You had the courage that survivesSoiled, shabby, egotistic lives,If poverty or ugliness,Ill-health or social unsuccessHunted you out of life to playAt living in another way;Yet the live quarry all the sameWere changed to huntsmen in the game,And the wild furies of the past,Tracked to their origins at last,Trapped in a medium’s artifice,To charity, delight, increase.Now large magnificent and calm,Your changeless presences disarmThe sullen generations, stillThe fright and fidget of the will,And to the growing and the weakYour final transformations speak,Saying to dreaming “I am deed.”To striving “Courage. I succeed”To mourning “I remain, Forgive.”And to becoming “I am. Live.”--WH Auden, from New Year's Letter, 1939

Art still has truth, take refuge there.--Matthew Arnold from “Memorial Verses”

We have art in order that we might not perish from truth.--Friedrich Nietzche

Those masterful images because completeGrew in pure mind, but out of what began?A mound of refuse or the sweepings of a street,Old kettles, old bottles, and a broken can,Old iron, old bones, old rags, that raving slutWho keeps the till. Now that my ladder’s goneI must lie down where all ladders start,In the foul rag-and-bone shop of the heart.--W.B. Yeats

The camera cannot compete with a brush and canvas, as long as it can’t be used in heaven and hell.--Edvard Munch

The true mystery of the world is the visible, not the invisible.--Oscar Wilde

Invention, it must be admitted, does not consist in creating out of the void, but out of chaos; the materials must in the first place be afforded: it can give form to dark, shapeless substances, but cannot bring into being the substance itself.--Mary Shelly, Introduction to Frankenstein

The artist is a dreamer who consents to dream of the real world.

--George Santayana

To see is to understand.--Leonardo da Vinci

The attitude that nature is chaotic and that the artist puts order into it is a very absurd point of view, I think. All that we can hope for is to put some order into ourselves.--Willem de Kooning

Now do you not see that the eye embraces the beauty of the whole world? It is the lord of astronomy and the maker of cosmography; it counsels and corrects all the arts of humanity; it moves men to the different parts of the world; it is the prince of mathematics, its sciences are certain; it has measured the heights and sizes of the stars, it has found the elements in their locations... has generated architecture, perspective, and the divine art of painting. Oh most excellent thing above all others created, what peoples, what tongues shall be those that can fully describe your true operation? This is the window of the human body, through which it mirrors its way and brings to fruition the beauty of the world, by which the soul is content to stay in its human prison.--Leonardo da Vinci

The artist begins to communicate before he is understood. --TS Eliot

But what, after all, was humanism if not a love of humankind, and by token also of political activity, rebellion against all that tended to defile or degrade our conception of humanity? He had been accused of exaggerating the importance of form. But he who cherished beauty of form did so because it enhanced human dignity--Thomas Mann from The Magic Mountain

...what would your good be doing if there were no evil, and what would the earth look like if shadows disappeared from it? After all, shadows are cast by objects and people. There is the shadow of my sword. But there are also shadows of trees and living creatures. Would you like to denude the earth of all the trees and all the living beings in order to satisfy your fantasy of rejoicing in the naked light?--Mikhail Bulgakov from The Master and Margarita

The Piazza Signoria is too stony to be brilliant. It has no grass, no flowers, no frescoes, no glittering walls of marble or comforting patches of ruddy brick. By an odd chance -- unless we believe in a presiding genius of place -- the statues that relieve its severity suggest, not the innocence of childhood nor the glorious bewilderment of youth, but the conscious achievements of maturity. Perseus and Judith, Hercules and Thusnelda, they have done or suffered something, and, though they are immortal, immortality has come to them after experience, not before. Here, not only in the solitude of Nature, might a hero meet a goddess, or a heroine a god.--E.M. Forster, from A Room With A View

To be an Error and to be Cast Out is Part of God's Design.--William Blake

Truth rests with God alone, and a little bit with me.--Yiddish proverb

Loyalty to the country always. Loyalty to the government only when it deserves it.--Mark Twain

Man is the only animal that blushes, or needs to.--Mark Twain

Humanity is a parade of fools, and not only am I in that parade, I'm carrying a banner.

--Mark Twain

In a world full of caterpillars, it takes balls to be a butterfly.-Anonymous Tranny.

Peace is more than the absence of war, it is the presence of justice.--Martin Luther King Jr.

An unjust law is a code that a numerical or power majority group compels a minority group to obey but does not make binding on itself. This is difference made legal. By the same token, a just law is a code that a majority compels a minority to follow and that it is willing to follow itself.--Martin Luther King Jr.

Men who look upon themselves born to reign, and others to obey, soon grow insolent; selected from the rest of mankind their minds are early poisoned by importance; and the world they act in differs so materially from the world at large, that they have but little opportunity of knowing its true interests, and when they succeed to the government are frequently the most ignorant and unfit of any throughout the dominions.-- Thomas Paine

Give to every other human being every right that you claim for yourself - that is my doctrine.” ― Thomas Paine, The Age of Reason.

Power always thinks it has a great soul and vast views beyond the comprehension of the weak; and that it is doing God's service when it is violating all His laws. --John Adams, letter to Jefferson, 1816

Peace is not the product of terror or fear. Peace is not the silence of cemeteries. Peace is not the silent result of violent repression. Peace is the generous, tranquil contribution of all to the good of all. Peace is dynamism. Peace is generosity. It is right and it is a duty.-- Oscar Romero, January 7, 1978

Labor is prior to, and independent of, capital. Capital is only the fruit of labor, and could never have existed if Labor had not first existed. Labor is superior to capital, and deserves much the higher consideration.~~Abraham Lincoln

Power concedes nothing without a demand. It never did and it never will

-- Frederick Douglass

Live as though you will die tomorrow. Learn as though you will live forever.--Mohandas Gandhi

Never for the sake of peace and quiet deny your own experience or convictions.--Dag Hammarskjöld

If, as some say, God spanked the townFor being over frisky,Why did He burn the Churches downAnd save Hotaling's Whiskey?--Charles K. Field after the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake

There has never been a kingdom so given to so many civil wars as that of Christ.--Montesquieu

When they try to become angels, men become beasts.

--Montaigne

Kings and philosophers shit, and so do ladies.

--Montaigne

Out of the crooked timber of humanity no straight thing was ever made.

--Immanuel Kant

Certainty generally is illusion, and repose is not the destiny of man,--Oliver Wendell Holmes

The God of Love will never withdraw our right to grief and infamy--WH Auden

Politics is the art of the possible.--Otto Von Bismarck

... the politics of the holy is the art of the impossible. It makes long-run compromise untenable.--Avishai Margalit

War in the end is always about betrayal, betrayal of the young by the old, of soldiers by politicians, and of idealists by cynics.

--Chris Hedges

The best live by legends. The average live by ideology. And the worst live by conspiracy theories.

--Hannah Arendt

Laws, like the spider’s webs, catch the small flies and let the large ones go free.-Balzac

If you had enough courage, you wouldn't need a reputation.--Rhett Butler to Scarlett O'Hara

Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a great battle.

--attributed to Philo of Alexandria

The law, in its majestic equality, forbids the rich as well as the poor to sleep under bridges, to beg in the streets, and to steal bread.--Anatole France

I am aware that there are many who wince at a distinction between property and persons--who hold both sacrosanct. Myviews are not so rigid. A life is sacred. Property is intended to serve life, and no matter how much we surround it with rights andrespect, it has no personal being. It is part of the earth man walks on; it is not man.

Martin Luther King, Jr., The Trumpet of Conscience, 1967.

While there is a lower class, I am in it, and while there is a criminal element I am of it, and while there is a soul in prison, I am not free.--Eugene V. Debs, 1918

祇園精舎の鐘の声、諸行無常の響きあり。娑羅双樹の花の色、盛者必衰の理をあらわす。おごれる人も久しからず、唯春の夜の夢のごとし。たけき者も遂にはほろびぬ、偏に風の前の塵に同じ。The sound of the Gion Shōja bells echoes the impermanence of all things; the color of the sāla flowers reveals the truth that the prosperous must decline. The proud do not endure, they are like a dream on a spring night; the mighty fall at last, they are as dust before the wind.--opening of the Heike Monogatari, 13th century Japan

The knowledge of God is very far from the love of Him.--Pascal

"I believe in the sun,even when it is not shining.I believe in love,even when I don't feel it.I believe in God,even when there is silence." --Words scratched on the walls of a cellar in Cologne, Germany by a Jew hiding from Nazi persecution.

There's a Christ for a whore and a Christ for a punk,

There's a Christ for a pickpocket and a drunk,

There's a Christ for every sinner, but there's one thing there ain't,

There ain't no Christ for any cut-price saint.

--James Fenton, from "Cutthroat Christ"

God made man in His own image, and man, being a gentleman, returned the compliment (Mark Twain)

Men never do evil so willingly and so happily as when they do it for the sake of conscience.

--Pascal

Human salvation lies in the hands of the creatively maladjusted.

Martin Luther King, Jr., Strength to Love, 1963.

Dr. Rieux resolved to compile this chronicle, so that he should not be one of those who hold their peace but should bear witness in favor of those plague-stricken people; so that some memorial of the injustice and outrage done to them might endure; and to state quite simply what we learn in time of pestilence: that there are more things to admire in men than to despise.Nonetheless, he knew that the tale he had to tell could not be of one final victory. It could only record of what had had to be done. and assuredly would have to be done again in the never ending fight against terror and its relentless onslaughts, despite their personal afflictions, by all who, while unable to be saints but refusing to bow down to pestilences, strive to their utmost to be healers.And indeed, as he listened to the cries of joy rising from the town, Rieux remembered that such joy is always imperiled. He knew what those jubilant crowds did not know but could have learned from books: that the plague bacillus never dies or disappears for good; that it can lie dormant for years and years in furniture and linen chests; that it bides its time in bedrooms, cellars, trunks, and bookshelves; and perhaps the day would come when, for the bane and enlightening of men, it would rouse up its rats again and send them forth to die in a happy city.--Albert Camus, conclusion of The Plague

There are people in the world so hungry, that God cannot appear to them except in the form of bread.--Mohandas Gandhi

Faith is never identical with piety.--Karl Barth

"Our idea of God tells us more about ourselves than about Him."~ Thomas Merton

The church must be reminded that it is not the master or the servant of the state, but rather the conscience of the state. It must be the guide and the critic of the state, and never its tool. If the church does not recapture its prophetic zeal, it will become an irrelevant social club without moral or spiritual authority. If the church does not participate actively in the struggle for peace and for economic and racial justice, it will forfeit the loyalty of millions and cause men everywhere to say that it has atrophied its will. But if the church will free itself from the shackles of a deadening status quo, and, recovering its great historic mission, will speak and act fearlessly and insistently in terms of justice and peace, it will enkindle the imagination of mankind and fire the souls of men, imbuing them with a glowing and ardent love for truth, justice, and peace. Men far and near will know the church as a great fellowship of love that provides light and bread for lonely travellers at midnight.--Martin Luther King Jr.

Oh God, If I worship Thee in fear of hell, burn me in hell; and if I worship Thee in hope of Paradise, exclude me from Paradise; but if I worship Thee for Thine own sake, withhold not Thine everlasting beauty!--Rabiah al Basri

Live this life and do what ever is done in a spirit of thanksgiving. Abandon attempts to achieve security, they are futile. Give up the search for wealth, it is demeaning. Quit the search for salvation, it is selfish. And come to comfortable rest in the certainty that those who participate in this life with an attitude of thanksgiving will receive its full promise.

-- John McQuiston II

IF I were but mere dust and ashes I might speak unto the Lord, for the Lord’s hand made me of this dust, and the Lord’s hand shall re-collect these ashes; the Lord’s hand was the wheel upon which this vessel of clay was framed, and the Lord’s hand is the urn in which these ashes shall be preserved. I am the dust and the ashes of the temple of the Holy Ghost, and what marble is so precious? But I am more than dust and ashes: I am my best part, I am my soul.--John Donne

All mankind is of one author, and is one volume; when one man dies, one chapter is not torn out of the book, but translated into a better language; and every chapter must be so translated. God employs several translators; some pieces are translated by age, some by sickness, some by war, some by justice; but God's hand is in every translation, and His hand shall bind up all our scattered leaves again for that library where every book shall lie open to another. ― John Donne

Christ has no body now but yoursNo hands, no feet on earth but yoursYours are the eyes through which He lookscompassion on this worldChrist has no body now on earth but yours.--Teresa of Avila

God is the Lover, the Beloved, and the Love between them.--Saint Augustine

Again I saw that under the sun, the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, nor bread to the wise, nor riches to the intelligent, nor favor to the men of skill; but time and chance happen to them all.-Ecclesiates 9:11-12

What shall I bring when I approach the Lord? How shall I stoop before God on high? Am I to approach him with whole offerings or yearling calves? Will the Lord accept thousands of rams or ten thousand rivers of oil? Shall I offer my eldest son for my own wrongdoing, my children for my own sin?God has told you what is good, and what is it that the Lord asks of you?Only to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God?-Micah 6:6-8

Divine folly is wiser than the wisdom of man, and divine weakness stronger than man's strength. My brothers, think what sort of people you are, whom God has called. Few of you are men of wisdom, by any human standard; few are powerful or highly born. Yet, to shame the wise, God has chosen what the world counts folly, and to shame the strong, God has chosen what the world counts weakness. he has chosen things low and contemptible, mere nothings, to overthrow the existing order. And so there is no place for human pride in the presence of God. You are in Christ Jesus by God's own act, for God has made him our wisdom; he is our righteousness; in him we are consecrated and set free.-1 Corinthians: 25-30

The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he has anointed me; he has sent me to announce good news to the poor, to proclaim release for prisoners and recovery of sight for the blind; to let the broken victims go free, to proclaim the year of the Lord's favor.--Luke 4:18-19

One of the scribes came near and heard them disputing with one another, and seeing that he answered them well, he asked him, ‘Which commandment is the first of all?’ 29Jesus answered, ‘The first is, “Hear, O Israel: the Lord our God, the Lord is one; 30you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength.” 31The second is this, “You shall love your neighbour as yourself.” There is no other commandment greater than these.’--Mark 12: 28-32

And though worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God.

--Job 19:26

Because I live, so shall you live also--John 14:19-20

A Prayer Attributed to Saint Francis

Lord, make us instruments of your peace.Where there ishatred, let us sow love; where there is injury, pardon;wherethere is discord, union; where there is doubt, faith;wherethere is despair, hope; where there is darkness, light;wherethere is sadness, joy.Grant that we may not so much seek tobe consoled as to console;to be understood as to understand;to be loved as to love.For it is in giving that we receive;it isin pardoning that we are pardoned; and it is in dying that weare born to eternal life.Amen.

Prayer of Thomas Merton

My Lord God, I have no idea where I am going. I do not see the road ahead of me. I cannot know for certain where it will end. Nor do I really know myself and the fact that I think I am following your will does not mean that I am actually doing so. But I believe that the desire to please you does in fact please you. And I hope I have that desire in all that I am doing. I hope that I will never do anything apart from that desire. And I know that if I do this you will lead me by the right road, though I may know nothing about it. Therefore I will trust you always though I may seem to be lost and in the shadow of death. I will not fear, for you are ever with me, and you will never leave me to face my perils alone.

Metta Karuna Prayer

Oneness of Life and Light,Entrusting in your Great Compassion,May you shed the foolishness in myself,Transforming me into a conduit of Love.May I be a medicine for the sick and weary,Nursing their afflictions until they are cured;May I become food and drink,

During time of famine,May I protect the helpless and the poor,May I be a lamp,

For those who need your Light,May I be a bed for those who need rest,and guide all seekers to the Other Shore.May all find happiness through my actions,and let no one suffer because of me.Whether they love or hate me,Whether they hurt or wrong me,May they all realize true entrusting,Through Other Power,

The Prayer of Eleanor Roosevelt

Our Father, who has set a restlessness in our hearts and made us all seekers after that which we can never fully find, forbid us to be satisfied with what we make of life. Draw us from base content and set our eyes on far-off goals. Keep us at tasks too hard for us that we may be driven to thee for strength. Deliver us from fretfulness and self-pitying; make us sure of the good we cannot see and of the hidden good in the world. Open our eyes to simple beauty all around us and our hearts to the loveliness men hide from us because we do not try to understand them. Save us from ourselves and show us a vision of a world made new.