Dependencytheory emphasizes the disjointedness between the "center" (the developed countries) and the "periphery" (us) and the unequal terms of exchange between the two regions.

Dependencytheory had its roots in postwar protectionist orthodoxies that came to be known as cepalismo, after CEPAL, the Spanish initials of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America, whose head was the influential Argentinian economist Raúl Prebisch.

The current wave of populism that sweeps the region has resuscitated old tenets of dependencytheory that fuel the tirades of local strains of the anti-global movement.

Dependencytheory, in history and sociology, is the thesis that a number of countries, in particular in the Third World, are unable to control major aspects of their economic life, because of the dominance of industrialized countries in the world economy.

Dependencytheory has been used to explain neocolonialism in which formal political and administrative control over former colonies is replaced by economic control through the exploitation of raw materials and monopolization of import markets.

Most forms of dependencytheory are overly deterministic, are both logically and empirically questionable, and no longer enjoy the intellectual currency which they once had among the Western left many of whom now recognize that it is often the lack of capitalism rather than its presence which is responsible for poverty in underdeveloped countries.

Dependencytheory is the body of social science theories by various intellectuals, both from the Third World and the First World, that create a worldview which suggests that the wealthy nations of the world need a peripheral group of poorer states in order to remain wealthy.

Dependencytheory states that the poverty of the countries in the periphery is not because they are not integrated into the world system, or not 'fully' integrated as is often argued by free market economists, but because of how they are integrated into the system.

Dependencytheory became popular in the 1960s and 1970s as a criticism of modernization theory (also known as development theory) that seemed to be failing due to the continued widespread poverty of large parts of the world.

Dependencytheory was betrayed by the very formulation of its name, for it is not a theory, properly speaking, but can more accurately be conceived of as an approach to the study of underdevelopment.

This had obvious consequences for the reception of the dependencytheory by mainstream economists, as the dependency perspective was always in the tradition of political economy and not economics proper.

Dependency analysts, these critics contended, had gotten their logic backwards: it was the development strategy of a particular country that determined its need for foreign capital, not the other way around.

Constructivist theory rejects the basic assumption of neo-realist theory that the state of anarchy (lack of a higher authority or government) is a structural condition inherent in the system of states.

There are further nuances to the theory: for instance, the sources of power transition vary in their volitility, population change being the least volatile and political capacity (defined as the ability of the government to control resources internal to the country) the most volatile.

No general theory of the social construction of reality is available to be borrowed from other fields and international relations constructivists have not as yet managed to formulate a fully fledged theory of their own.

dependencytheory A set of theories which maintained that the failure of Third World states to achieve adequate and sustainable levels of development resulted from their dependence on the advanced capitalist world.

According to the theory, propositions are reduced to a small number of semantic primitives, such as agents, actions, and objects, and are interpreted according to knowledge stored as...

Lack of oxygen supply dependency in patients with severe sepsis: a study of oxygen delivery increased by military antishock trouser and dobutamine.

In short, dependencytheory attempts to explain the present underdeveloped state of many nations in the world by examining the patterns of interactions among nations and by arguing that inequality among nations is an intrinsic part of those interactions.

To a dependency theorist, the central characteristic of the global economy is the persistence of poverty throughout the entire modern period in virtually the same areas of the world, regardless of what state was in control.

Dependencytheory suggests that the success of the richer countries was a highly contingent and specific episode in global economic history, one dominated by the highly exploitative colonial relationships of the European powers.

a dependence, in behavioral medicine, describes a continuum of physical and psychological attachments related to the concept of addiction.

a dependency in computer science is a state in which one object uses a functionality of another object.

For example, a minor child, under the age of majority, is a dependent of his or her parent and the existence of the dependent enables the providor, such as a parent or guardian, to claim a deduction for the purpose of income tax calculations.

www.countryiworld.com /wiki-Dependency (0 words)

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Advocates of DependencyTheory, on the other hand, cite the dire situation of the undeveloped nations as actually being attributable to the unprecedented growth of the West.

While both the modernization and dependencytheories are filled with positive and negative attributes and envisioned with good intentions, the modernization school of thought has primarily failed developing nations and furthered their plight in most cases.

Although clearly dependency is the more prominent (as well as the less naive) of the two theories, it cannot be completely attributed to the unfortunate predicament of inequality in the world.

But in essence, dependencytheory argues that the origins of persistent global poverty cannot be understood without reference to the entire international economic system.

Dependency argues that before the era of modern economic growth (until about 500 years ago), the world's major regions were not densely connected to each other (though extensive trade networks existed).

An offshoot of dependency has been world-systems theory: is also emphasises the expansion of a capitalist world economy from the beginning of the 16th century.

While liberaltheories emphasized domestic factors in the modernization of society as well as the democratizing effects of capitalism, the dependencia school stressed the role of the international economic system in explaining the seemingly persistent backwardness of developing countries.

The concept of dependency, nevertheless, has maintained its core principle through these various uses: “the analysis of dependency is above all the analysis of ‘restricted choice.’” In both structuralist and Marxist traditions, the asymmetrical relationship between core and periphery constrained the domestic economic structures and political processes of the developing world.

Indeed, dependency scholars have largely refused to disaggregate the concept, claiming that the success or failure of their theory will be based on the historical record.

Dependencytheory uses political and economictheory to explain how the process of international trade and domestic development makes some LDC's ever more economicallydependent on developed countries ("DC's").

Dependencytheory refers to relationships and links between developed and developing economies and regions.

Dependencytheory sees underdevelopment as the result of unequal power relationships between rich developed capitalist countries and poor developing ones.

Dependencytheory argues, on a neo-Marxist basis, that contact with the Europeans may indeed bring 'modern' elements to the societies of the Third World, but has also connected them to an exploitative social order.

modernization theory is interested in elaborating the differences between traditional and modern societies in terms of their positions on various indices of modernity or development, and to the extent to which they approximate the model of modern industrial society.

Land-use planning is based on the normative theory that the future development of land uses and their associated activities should be in accordance with a plan which has regard to environmental, physical, social, and economic considerations.

*Dependencytheory emerged in LA in the 1960’s, it was a response to modernization theory from a Third World perspective that “challenged the intellectual hegemony of the American modernization school.” (91)

“Fourth, dependency is treated as a component of regional polarization of the global economy…Thus underdevelopment in the periphery and development in the core are two aspects of a single process of capital accumulation”.

Dependency and development are incompatible, so that development is not possible in the periphery.

Simon would also notice that the modes of adaptation delineated in resourcedependencytheory (buffering, bridging, etc.) are also modes of "satisficing " in an environment of uncertainty.

Dependency strategies like contracting, joint ventures, and leveling are similar to the "performance programs" March and Simon use to explain how organizations react to changing environments.

Thus, while Simon might still contend that resourcedependencytheory fails to properly value a sense of rationality in the organization, he would conclude that the theory does help explain the environment and context in which individual decisions are made within organizations.

All these names are associated with the economic-political-antimperialist debate and theory creation process taking place in the 1960s and early 1970s in Santiago, Chile, and irradiating to the rest of the American continent.

Dependency basic point of view was as follows: -ECLA's structuralist reading of Latin American (and probably the rest of former colonies) societies as economically "fractured" was correct.

Therefore, central to dependency approach is assigning priority to the analysis of the following: a) mechanisms and processes of domination through which existing structures are maintained (both national and international structures); b) forms of dependency creating mechanism of self-perpetuation and the possibilities of change; c) antagonistic and non-antagonistic relations between social class and groups.

The central argument of the dependencytheory which was formulated as a critical response to the modernization theory, stressed that the wealth of the metropolis was a result of the poverty of the third world.

This dependencetheory, alias theory of underdevelopment, regards the development of capitalism in underdeveloped countries as a different process from that which the richer countries had experienced in the nineteenth century.

Because the dependencytheory solely underscored the development of underdevelopment in terms of economics, supplementing the state-centric theory was absolutely necessary in order to offer a broader economical, as well as political understanding of the African experience.

This notion is, of course, the cornerstone of dependencytheory as created and developed in Santiago, Chile, during the 1960s.

We shall attempt to show that the relations of dependence to which these countries are subjected conform to a type of international and internal structure which leads them to underdevelopment or more precisely to a dependent structure that deepens and aggravates the fundamental problems of their peoples.

The Meaning-Text Theory (MTT), first put forward in Moscow by Zholkovskij and Mel'chuk (1965), operates on the principle that language consists in a mapping from the content or meaning (semantics) of an utterance to its form or text (phonetics).

Dependencytheory was first developped by the French linguist Lucien Tesnière (1959).

However, scholars from countries targeted by this Modernization School of development started to develop their own theories, partly as a result of 'sub-optimal' results of policies based on the modernization theories, as well as concluding that imperialism in general "has actively underdeveloped the peripheral societies" (Martinussen, 1997:86) they are living in.

In contrast with Baran, Frank's main thesis in identifying the causes of underdevelopment, or: the development of underdevelopment, is the notion of metropoles and satellites, where metropoles are the target of merchant capital and the satellites' existence purely for 'feeding' the requirements of the metropoles.

The reason why I decided to use Cuba as a case study in relation to aforementioned dependencytheories is that Cuba managed to defy most, of not all, conventional ideas around development and dependency during the last 10 years.

Originally developed in Latin America, dependency analysis was informed by Marxist and critical theories according to which the problems of the Third World reflected the general dynamics of capitalist development.

Against modernization theories, dependency theorists argued that the problems of underdevelopment were not internal to Third World countries but were determined by external factors and the way former colonies were integrated into the world economy.

For dependency theorists, modernization theories was driven by behaviorist, positivist and empiricist approaches in the mold of the “scientific model” that prevailed in U.S. universities and research centers.