Publications

multiple forms of dna-dependent dna polymerase during early development and in somatic cells of xenopus laevis.

four distinct dna-dependent dna polymerase activities (dna polymerases i, ii, iii and iv according to the order of elution from a deae column) have been separated from extracts of unfertilized xenopus laevis eggs. the same activities, on the basis of their chromatographic properties, template specificities and sedimentation coefficients, have been found in embryos at least until the gastrula stage. on the other hand, xenopus kidney cells grown in culture, as well as full grown oocytes lack dna p ...

ever since meiosis was recognized as a process there has been a continuing interest in its temporal aspects. two main types of meiotic timing experiments have been conducted: first, experiments to estimate the duration of meiosis (and sometimes its stages); second, experiments to locate the sensitive stage(s) when exposure of meiocytes to various treatments can affect meiotic chromosome behaviour (e.g. pairing or recombination). such experiments have played an important role in increasing our un ...

alteration of structure and penetrability of the vitelline envelope after passage of eggs from coelom to oviduct in xenopus laevis.

the vitelline envelope (ve) that surrounds an egg released from the ovary into the coelom of xenopus laevis differs markedly, in structure and penetrability, from the ve surrounding an oviposited egg. in a coelomic egg, the filaments that form the ve are arranged in distinct fascicles or bundles. the exterior surface of the ve is irregular in contour and is permeated by channels. in an oviposited egg, the filaments are evenly dispersed and lack a fasciculated arrangement; the exterior surface is ...

effects of neurotransmitters upon the discharge of secretory product from the cutaneous glands of the red-spotted newt.

the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic agonists and antagonists on discharge of secretory product by the granular and mucous glands were examined in the red-spotted newt, notopthalmus viridescens viridescens. observations were made also on the south african clawed toad. xenopus laevis, the grass frog, rana pipiens, and the crested newt, triturus cristatus. in contrast to the granular glands of the south african clawed toad and the grass frog, which were stimulated by alpha-adrenergic age ...

dissociated blastula cells of xenopus laevis are agglutinated with wheat germ agglutinin (wga), ricinus communis agglutinin (rca), concanavalin a (con a) and, to a lesser extent with soya bean agglutinin (sba). they are not agglutinated with fucose-binding protein. neuraminidase treatment of cells enhances their agglutinability with rca and sba, but has no effect on con a- and wga-mediated agglutinability. treatment of cells with procaine, or xylocaine, has no effect on the cells' agglutinabilit ...

in vitro studies on the effects on granular gland secretion in xenopus laevis skin of stimulation and blockade of alpha and beta adrenoceptors of myoepithelial cells.

secretion from the granular glands of xenopus laevis skin was stimulated by alpha-adrenergic agonists, an effect which was blocked by alpha-adrenergic antagonists and inhibited by beta-adrenergic agonists, db-camp and diazoxide. the inhibition by isoprenaline and salbutamol, but not that by diazoxide, was blocked by a beta-adrenergic antagonist. it is concluded that the myoepithelial cells surrounding the secretory compartment of the granular glands bear alpha and beta adrenoceptors, and that th ...

changes in hepatic levels of tyrosine aminotransferase messenger rna during induction by hydrocortisone.

messenger rna specific for tyrosine aminotransferase was quantitated by microinjection into oocytes of xenopus laevis. the heterologously translated enzyme was identified by specific immunoprecipitation and found to be identical with authentic aminotransferase by several criteria. the level of functional message present in rat liver increases during hydrocortisone induction, and this increase is directly proportional to the increased rate of synthesis of the enzyme. kinetic analysis of the chang ...

progesterone reinitiates meiotic maturation in xenopus oocytes. evidence is reported which indicates that the steroid acts at the level of the cell surface and suggests that an induced change of ca2+ distribution triggers in turn a cascade of cytoplasmic events including protein synthesis and germinal vesicle (nucleus) breakdown. these novel features of steroid hormone action in amphibian oocytes are discussed in relation to presently accepted views of the mechanism of action of steroid hormones ...

the objective of this study was the preliminary characterization of the factors from mitotic hela cells that can induce meiotic maturation in xenopus laevis oocytes. we found that this factor is a heat-labile, ca2+-sensitive, nondialyzable protein with a sedimentation value of 4-5s. furthermore, no new protein synthesis was found to be required for this mitotic factor to induce maturation in the amphibian oocytes. these data suggest that the factors involved in the breakdown of nuclear membrane ...

structural studies of the xenopus 19s immunoglobulin and 7s immunoglobulin and two immunoglobulin-like proteins.

xenopus laevis 19s and 7s immunoglobulins (ig) were extensively reduced and alkylated, their h and l chains spearated and their molecular weights determined. two kinds of l chains of molecular weight 25,000 and 27,000 were revealed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. in addition two ig-like proteins consisting of heavy chains only, of 19s h-type and with similar molecular weight, were detected in xenopus serum ans isolated. these proteins share common antigenic determinants with xenopus 1 ...

the g-banded karyotypes of 4 species of birds representing the orders galliformes, columbiformes and musophagiformes were compared. banding pattern homology between orders was limited t 5o 5 major chromosome arms and the z chromosome. even in these major chromosome arms pericentric and paracentric inversions produced alteration of the banding pattern sequences. addition of constitutive heterochromatin was responsible for changes in banding patterns in the z chromosome. the chromosome banding pat ...

influence of antigen dose on antibody production of intact and splenectomised xenopus laevis.

antigen persistence and serum antibody production in intact xenopus were monitored using human gamma globulin (hgg), in adjuvant, in various immunisation schedules. retention of hgg in spleen and serum was directly related to the quantity injected. however, antibody responses to a dose range between 1 mu-g-6 mg antigen were similar in intensity. these were detected in the serum two weeks after injection and at this stage were exclusively mercapto-ethanol (me) sensitive; me-resistant antibodies h ...

utilization of yolk platelets and lipid bodies during the myogenesis of xenopus laevis (daudin).

the premyoblast and differentiating mononuclear myoblasts of the metameric striated muscles of xenopus laevis were analysed for vitellolysis and lipid body utilization. in the course of myoblast differentiation the stainability of platelets stained with safranin and fast green shows essential variations. the platelets appear to lose their affinity for safranin and subsequently begin to stain with fast green. the yolk platelets were found to contain basic proteins, non-histone proteins, and phosp ...

microfilaments in the external surface layer of the early amphibian embryo.

a comparison was made by transmission electron microscopy of the microfilaments in the surface layers of the early embryos of triturus alpestris and xenopus laevis at stages of development up to neurulation. actin-like filaments which bound heavy meromyosin (hmm) were found in cell extracts of all stages, but were comparatively rare in the newly fertilized egg. ten nm microfilaments were present throughout development in xenopus, and from the mid-neurula stage in triturus. both kinds of microfil ...

electron microscopy examination of the 19s immunoglobulin of xenopus laevis revealed a hexameric structure with a central core. the molecules measured 360-430 a across the span of the arms and the average diameter of the central region was 140 a. a polypeptide, homologous to human j chain, was isolated by chromatography on deae-cellulose from the reduced and alkylated x. laevis hexameric macroglobulin. this polypeptide had a fast mobility in alkaline-urea gel electrophoresis, with distinct antig ...

the diffusion of sodium and lithium in the axoplasm of myelinated fibres of xenopus laevis was investigated. the sodium current associated with pulse steps was measured and the internal sodium concentration was calculated from these measurements with the constant field equation. the internal sodium concentration was increased either (i) by massive pulse trains or (ii) by applying a sodium containing solution to a cut end of the fibre. the time course of the concentration change was measured. equ ...

a method which uses by the cross correlation of optical signals is described for the determination of the mean velocity of somatopetally moving particles within nerve fibers. the method was validated by simulation experiments and by comparing the results with those obtained by averaging collections of velocities of individual particles. the significant contribution of the method is that it allows objective and rapid serial evaluation of mean particle velocity within individual nerve fibers with ...

inhibition of the rapid movement of optically detectable axonal particles colchicine and vinblastine.

the rapid saltatory motion of intra-axonal particles detected by dark-field microscopy in myelinated axons isolated from sciatic nerves of adult xenopus laevis was inhibited by colchicine or vinblastine at a concentration of larger than or equal to 0.1 mm. both the predominant somatopetal transport and the somatofugal transport of these round particles were inhibited. the reduction in numbers of moving particles was apparent first in the juxtanodal portions of the isolated axons within about 1 h ...

distribution of immunoglobulin determinants on the surface of xenopus laevis splenic lymphocytes.

the distribution of surface immunoglobulin (ig) determinants on xenopus laevis splenic lymphocytes after combination with divalent rabbit anti-ig coupled to ferritin was studied. the electron micrographs showed the presence of immune complexes in 67% of lymphocytes treated at 0 degrees c-4 degrees c. the complexes were located all around the membrane and uniformly distributed in a random fashion. the variation of ferritin grain counts on cell sections is such, that the existence of two major sub ...

effects of innervation on the distribution of acetylcholine receptors on cultured muscle cells.

1. myotomal muscle cells from embryos of xenopus laevis were cultured as a monolayer either alone or together with neural tube cells from the same embryos. 2. spontaneous twitching and contractions evoked by electrical stimulation of neural perikarya were observed only in nerve-contacted muscle cells, and could be abolished by curare or alpha-bungarotoxin. 3. within 2 days in culture muscle cells not contacted by nerve developed one or more discrete patches of acetylcholine (ach) receptors as re ...

1. theree-day-old cultures of myotomal muscle, obtained from embryos of xenopus laevis, were stained with fluorescent conjugates of alpha-bungarotoxin and maintained in native toxin in order to ensure that ach receptors subsequently inserted into the sarcolemma would not be stained. neural tube cells were then added to the cultures. 2. when cultures were exmained 1-3 days later fluorescent stain was found to be associated with sites of nerve-muscle contact. in some cases the stain along the path ...

horseradish peroxidase (hrp) injected into developing limb buds of xenopus laevis tadpoles is carried by retrograde axonal transport to the somata of motoneurones in the ventral horn. small injection of 10% hrp were found to remain well localised to specified sites in the limb bud. two types of labelled cells were found: diffusely labelled and granular labelled. diffusely labelled cells result from axonal damage in the presence of hrp. granular labelled cells result only from uptake of hrp from ...

cytotoxic effect of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, af/abdp cis, on ovaries of young xenopus laevis--ultrastructural and autoradiographic study.

observations with the light and electron microscopes showed that a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, af/abdp cis which is a rifampicin derivative, had a toxic effect on ovaries of young xenopus laevis. it induced mitochondrial damage in all observed cells and marked alteration of the ultrastructure of nucleus of the pachytene oocyte. light autoradiography showed that af/abdp cis caused wide variation in nuclear labelling with [3h] thymidine from one pachytene oocyte to another. somatic cells were ...

the induction of immunologic tolerance with type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide cross-linked or coupled to protein.

type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide molecules were linked to one another, i. e. cross-linked. the product was essentially insoluble in saline. large pieces weighing 1-2 mg were inserted into mice. they produced immunologic paralysis or immune tolerance. when placed intraperitoneally in millipore chambers the cross-linked polysaccharide did not have any apparent effect, for the mice were not tolerized. when pneumococcal polysaccharide was linked to a protein, the amount of polysaccharide require ...

it has been shown by electron microscopy that, in xenopus laevis, merkel cells are usually situated near the ducts of the skin glands. cells which fluorescence in ultra-violet light after treatment of the skin with quinacrine can be identified with these merkel cells by their position, shape and size. the method indicates the presence of purine nucleotides, probably atp. this result is consistent with the view that "large opaque vesicles" are sites of atp storage.

further studies of the prospective fates of blastomeres at the 32-cell stage of xenopus laevis embryos.

each blastomere in the marginal zone of xenopus laevis embryos at the 32-cell stage was stained with nile blue sulphate. only specimens with the typical arrangement of blastomeres of morulae of this species were used, and special care was taken to prevent the dye from spreading to neighbouring cells and to determine the extent of stained areas. the prospective fate of each blastomere was studied and a new fate-map of the 32-cell embryo was drawn by tracing the movement of stain during the course ...

[alpha-32p]atp was microinjected into xenopus oocyte and neosynthesized cyclic amp was isolated. cholera toxin inhibited progesterone-induced maturation and stimulated after 3 h of preincubation the amount of neosynthesized cyclic amp. progesterone decreased the neosynthesis of cyclic amp during the first hour following addition of the hormone.

bovine leukemia virus 60 to 70s rna was heat denatured, the polyadenylic acid-containing species were separated by velocity sedimentation, and several size classes were translated in a micrococcal nuclease-treated cell-free system from rabbit reticulocytes. the major rna species sedimented at 38s and migrated as a single component of molecular weight 2.95 x 10(6) when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the predominant polypeptides of the in vitro translation o ...

[immunochemical study of the water-soluble lens proteins in the embryo of xenopus laevis with the mutation of periodic albinism].

the crystallins of ap mutants of xenopus laevis have been studied in comparison with those of normal embryos and adults using the complex of immunochemical methods (immunoelectrophoresis, immunodiffusion, immunoadsorption, immunofluorescence, isoelectrofocusing with immunoidentification). the analysis was carried out with antisera to electrophoretic fractions of the mutant lens. 11 organ-specific antigens were found in the lens of both the normal and mutant animals. these proteins are heterogeno ...

incorporation of 35s-sulfate into yolk platelets of xenopus laevis embryos. a study using electron microscope autoradiography.

inorganic 35s-sulfate was injected into xenopus laevis embryos before first cleavage to study incorporation of the label into the yolk platelets in order to localize glycosaminoglycan synthesis. electron microscope autoradiography of embryonic thin sections from blastulae and gastrulae revealed that the primary site of label incorporation is at the edge of the yolk platelets, and, to a lesser extent, in their interiors. autoradiography of isolated yolk platelets, lacking unit membranes, indicate ...

the intra-nucleolar localization of amplified rdna in xenopus laevis oocytes.

a fluorescent feulgen-stain was adapted in order to demonstrate dna-containing structures inside the amplified nucleoli of xenopus laevis. at all stages of oogenesis this method reveals granules or complex structures of dna in each nucleolus. the micronucleoli which do not stain with this method and which do not reveal an internal structure in low molarity saline, unlike real nucleoli are considered as nucleolus-like bodies. the dna-containing structures in the nucleoli can be composed of one or ...

localization of specific proteins at preliminary stained with azan and embedded in balsam sections of amphibian eye lens (rana temporaria, xenopus laevis) was studied by indirect immunofluorescence. the analysis was performed on the lens of intact animals as well as on lens induced in amphibia gastrula ectoderm in vitro. to remove balsam the lens sections were successively washed by xylene, ethanol and saline (ph 7.1). then they were treated according to the general principles of immunohistochem ...

isolation and characterization of the nuclear matrix from the male xenopus laevis following estrogen administration: kinetics of [3h] uridine incorporation.

at various times following estrogen administration, the nuclear matrix was isolated from the liver of male xenopus laevis by sucrose gradient centrifugation of nuclei treated with a high-salt buffer and dnase i in the presence of a proteolytic inhibitor (pmsc--phenylmethyl sulfonyl chloride). electron micrographs of the nuclear matrix demonstrate a sponge-like network attached to a well-defined inner envelope with a ribosome-free outer envelope. chemical analyses show that the hsb-dnase-treated ...

somatic cell nuclei injected into amphibian oocytes enlarge, exchange protein with the surrounding cytoplasm, and actively synthesize rna for weeks. the message activity of the rnas synthesized within the oocytes can be detected as new proteins made a few days after the injection of somatic nucleic. the oocyte cytoplasm seems to reprogram the injected nuclei, allowing the expression only of those genes which are normally active in oocytes (de robertis and gurdon, 1977). genes which are unexpress ...

[inhibition by the enterotoxin of vibrio cholerase of meiosis reinitiation of the xenopus laevis oocyte induced in vitro by progesterone].

progesterone reinitiates in vitro meiosis in xenopus laevis oocytes. this action of the hormone can be abolished by the exotoxin of vibrio cholerae. the concentration of toxin which inhibits 50% of the progesterone (10 mum) action in about 2.5 pm. binding experiments using 125i labelled toxin demonstrated the existence of high affinity binding sites (kd approximately 0.2 nm) located probably on the surface of the oocytes.

[histochemistry of the ball cell in larval epidermis of xenopus laevis daudin].

presented investigations of chemical composition and metabolism of ball cell in larval epidermis of xenopus point to a regressive shape of cell corresponding to former light and electron microscopical findings. the lower requirements of energy of this cell are covered by glycolysis and possibly by pentose phosphate cycle. our hypothesis of pressure-elastic ball of cell as structural element of larval epidermis could been further supported.

clustered and interspersed repetitive dna sequences in four amphibian species with different genome size.

we have compared the amount of clustered and interspersed repetitive sequences in the genome of four amphibia with different dna contents per haploid nucleus: two anura (xenopus laevis, 3 pg and bufo bufo, 7 pg) and two urodela (triturus cristatus, 23 pg and necturus maculosus, 52 pg). high molecular weight dna of the four species was denatured and reassociated to the same cot in order to obtain duplex sequences with a similar reiteration frequency. single-stranded dna was digested off with the ...

nh2 terminal amino acid sequence determinations of clawed toad (xenopus laevis) immunoglobulins indicate that approximately 30% of the heavy chains and less than 5% of the light chains have unblocked nh2 termini. the major amino acid sequence of the x. laevis 7s immunoglobulin heavy chains is the same as that of the 19s immunoglobulin heavy chains. thus in the synthesis of the heavy chains, the vh genes coding for unblocked heavy chains can associate with ch genes of both the 19s and 7s classes. ...

xenopus laevis rrna was hybridised to either of two cloned fragments of ribosomal dna. one fragment, designated x1r11, contains a short region of the 18 s rrna gene and most of the 28 s rrna gene. the other fragment, x1r14, contains a short region of the 28 s gene and most of the 18 s gene. after hybridization the non-complementary rrna was removed by digestion with t1 rnase and the hybridized rna was then eluted and examined by fingerprinting analysis. the 3' terminal sequence and the dimethyl- ...

neurons containing peptides immunocytologically related to gastrin have been revealed by immuno-cytology in the post-chiasmatic hypothalamus of xenopus laevis. their pericarya are localized in the postero-dorsal zone of the pars ventralis of the tuber cinereum; their axons end on the capillaries of the external zone of the median eminence.

measurement of calcium ion concentrations in the lateral line cupulae of xenopus laevis.

1. ion selective microelectrodes were used to measure the distribution of ca2+ in the cupulae of xenopus laevis, and to observe the effects of the ca2+ blocker, la3+, and a ca2+ chelating agent (egta) on the endocupular potential and k+ concentration. 2. measurements of the endocupular ca2+ and potential were found to be in the range of 2-30 mum and 55-10 mv respectively, and their relationship indicates that ca2+ is passively distributed in the cupula. 3. the concentration of endocupular k+ and ...

[invariability of the h-y antigen expression in the heterogametic sex of some amphbians and evidence for sexual dimophrism of the antigen expression in pelodytes punctatus d (amphibia, anura)].

the h-y antigen is studied in some amphibians whose sexual genetic constitution is known. thus, in pelurodeles waltlii, ambystoma mexicanum, xenopus laevis and rana ridibunda, the invariability of the h-y antigen expression in the heterogametic, sex is confirmed. in pelodytes punctatus the genetic sex is unknown but the existence of the h-y antigen in phenotypic males leads to the conclusion of a male heterogamety of the xy type.

'immobile' (im) is a recessive lethal mutation discovered in the f3 of a xenopus (xenopus laevis laevis) originating from a mesodermal nucleus of a neurula transplanted into an enucleated egg. the im embryos do not contract after mechanical stimulation nor do they present any spontaneous contraction from the neurula stage onwards. development proceeds normally during the first days after which deformation of the lower jaw and tail are observed. the im tadpoles die when normal controls are at the ...

[the tail of the tadpole of alytes obstetricans in organ culture with or without the addition of thyroxine. ultrastructural controls].

the tail of the alytes obstetricans tadpole, isolated at different stages (end of proclimax and climax), was studied in organ culture. the addition of thyroxine at a concentration of 5.10(-7) induces an involution slower than in vivo. besides, this regression is comparatively slower in similar conditions, than in xenopus laevis. this delay could be explained by the important volume and the very developed musculature of this anuran tail. ultrastructural controls reveal the form of the muscles, th ...

[effects of alpha-amanitin on the development of xenopus (xenopus laevis daud.) heart in vitro].

the differentiation of xenopus heart is studied in vitro, in the presence of alpha-amanitin. the results obtained depend on the concentration of the inhibitor, the length of treatment and the stage of primordium. the mrna pool assures the differentiation of explants, removed from young stages, for 12 hours. this time is half for the primordia removed from stages greater than 3,5 mm.

the histochemical activity of adenosine triphosphatase (atpase) was studied at light and electron microscopic levels in larval tail musculature of rana catesbeiana and rana ornativentris during late metamorphic stages. the presence of low, moderate or dark reaction of k2-edta-preincubated ca++-atpase was correlated with the variable degree of degeneration of white fibres even at the late stage of tail resorption. the reasons for an increase in this atpase activity in degenerating white muscle fi ...

[alterations in concanavalin a binding during retinal development in xenopus laevis].

changes in concanavalin a binding were observed in the retina of xenopus laevis throughout development. prior to stage 37, the optic cup and nervous sysetm displayed a light, diffuse staining. abruptly at stage 37, however, intense staining reaction occurred in the ganglionic fibers, both plexiform layers and photoreceptor inner segments, remaining thus throughout larval and adult life. our results suggest that important structural modifications occur in retinal cells at the time of establishmen ...

[the topographical localization of spinal motoneurons of the rat and its numerical alternation in regard to development (author's transl)].

the topographical localization of spinal motoneurons innervating the forelimb muscles of the rat and its numerical alternation in regard to development was observed by hrp (horseradish peroxidase) method. hrp method is a histochemical technique to trace the cellular origin of axon terminal net work. when hrp is injected into the muscles, the enzyme is taken up by nerve endings and transported retrogradely by the axoplamic flow to the original cell body, and does not transported hematogenously an ...

the mucosubstance coating the pneumonocytes in the lungs of xenopus laevis and lacerta viridis.

the layer of mucosubstance that is associated with the free surface membranes of the pneumonocytes in the lungs of the toad xenopus laevis and the lizard lacerta viridis was demonstrated by electron microscopy using iron oxide stain. the form and staining reactions of the mucosubstance layer were similar in both animals. in electron micrographs the mucosubstance was represented by a band of densely stained material (25-50 nm thick) which coated the entire free surface of the pneumonocytes. it ap ...

studies on the liver of xenopus laevis. i. the ultrastructure of the parenchymal cell.

the liver of xenopus laevis was examined with electron microscopy. its structure was found to be markedly different from that of mammals, particularly regarding the morphology of the hepatocytes to be classified as typical. it was established that the main function of such a cell is the storage of glycogen, and further that it possesses only scant organelles and other inclusions. since this type of cell was found most frequently in the liver of untreated animals, it was designated as normal cell ...

molecular weights of estrogen and androgen binding proteins in the liver of xenopus laevis.

[3-h]estradiol-17beta and [3-h]dihydrotestosterone binding proteins in the cytosol fraction of liver from both male and female xenopus laevis were characterized by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. these binding proteins, which were indistinguishable based upon their mobilities on gels of different acrylamide concentrations, migrated as single components with a molecular weight of 2.0 x 10-4. separation of native or sodium dodecyl sulfate denatured specific estrogen-binding components on d ...

synthesis and secretion of a large glycoprotein in the pars intermedia.

the biosynthesis, intracellular transport and release of [3-h]-leucine-containing secretory product has been followed in the pars intermedia of xenopus laevis and, in particular, the synthesis and secretion of a large molecular weight glycoprotein secretory product was demonstrated. however, if xenopus adrenocorticotrophin does contain a leucine residue the results obtained provided no support for the view that it serves as a precursor for melanocytestimulating hormone in this species.

the action of inhibitors of protein synthesis on the structure of cytoplasmic inclusions found in the male germ cell line of the anuran, xenopus laevis, has been studied by light and electron microscopy. results indicate that one such inclusion, the chromatoid body, is sensitive to treatment with either chloramphenicol or puromycin. these drugs administered in vivo or in vitro cause up to a thirty-fold increase in the volume of the chromatoid body in all stages where it is normally present. maxi ...

ultrastructural and pharmacological studies on the afferent synapse of lateral-line sensory cells of the african clawed toad, xenopus laevis.

lateral-line sensory cells of xenopus show considerable similarity to central nervous system synapses in their responses to the zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide, and bismuth-iodide cytochemical staining techniques. both reserpine and fla-63 cause a reduction in the diameter and electron density of the synaptic bars, and a dramatic loss of synaptic vesicles surrounding the bars. aminooxy acetic acid and 3-mercaptopropionic acid cause no significant changes in the sensory-cell afferent synaptic appara ...

rna preparations from isolated rat pancreatic islets and from human insulinomas were injected into oocytes of xenopus laevis which were then incubated with [3h]leucine. acid-ethanol extracts of the oocytes were immunoprecipitated with anti-insulin serum using the double antibody technique. sodium dodecyl sulfate disc gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitates showed the presence of an insulin-displaceable immunoreactive material with a molecular weight of about 18,000 in extracts from oocytes ...

[meiosis: role of a histone kinase in the condensation of ovarian oocyte chromosomes of xenopus laevis and ambystoma mexicanum].

by injecting heterologous histone-kinase preparations into ovarian axolotl oocytes, it has been possible to speed up the progesterone-induced process of chromosome condensation. moreover, in some instances, this condensation and even complete maturation have been obtained after injection of protein kinase alone, thus in the absence of hormone stimulation. two different histone kinase preparations have been used: one was prepared from ascites cell chromatin and the other from in vitro ovulated xe ...

morphological and biochemical changes in the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus of male xenopus laevis after induction of egg-yolk protein synthesis by oestradiol-17 beta.

this report describes morphological and biochemical changes accompanying oestrogen induced synthesis of the egg-yolk protein precursor, vitellogenin, in male xenopus liver. extensive proliferation of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi apparatus occurs between 3 and 9 days after administration of oestradiol-17 beta. subcellular fractionation showed that microsomal fractions have an increased number of ribosomes available for protein synthesis, hormone treatment enhances the ...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein synthesis to the biogenesis of cytochrome oxidase (ferrocytochrome c:oxygen oxidoreductase ec 1.9.3.1) and rutamycin-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase (atp phosphohydrolase ec 3.6.1.3) in cultured oocytes of the toad, xenopus laevis. x. laevis cytochrome oxidase was purified over 23-fold with respect to specific activity and over 29-fold with respect to specific heme a content from oocyte subm ...

complex simian virus 40 dna produced by a soluble cell-free extract derived from stage 6 oocytes of xenopus laevis consists of fully relaxed circles (i.e., with no superhelical turns). an endonuclease and a dna-relaxing protein, either or both of which could be responsible for the relaxation of the complex dna, have been purified from the extract. the endonuclease(s) produces nicked circles (having a single-strand scission) and linear full-size molecules. the dna-relaxing protein is in the nucle ...

the ultrastructure of the mitochondrial cloud (balbiani body) of the pre-vitellogenic oocytes of xenopus laevis has been examined using transmission and stereoscan electron microscopy. examination of conventional thin sections confirm previous observations which suggest that the cloud consists essentially of many thousands mitochondria and numerous small vesicles; larger clouds, in oocytes greater than 200 mum in diameter, contain relatively more vesicles. using a standard electron microscope at ...