We in California have just moved up from fifth to fourth in a ranking of the states by the Washington, D.C.–based Tax Foundation. For average folks, however, this is not good news. California leads 46 other states in per-capita tax burden, a dubious honor that helps to explain the state's ongoing economic struggles.

Californians pay the highest state sales tax in the nation, we are tied for first in gasoline tax, our income tax rate is second, and, even with Proposition 13, we rank closer to the top than the bottom in property taxes.[...]

While the high-speed rail project may be on track, the state is running off the rails. California has the worst credit rating of the 50 states. Taxpayers are on the hook for an estimated $497.9 billion in unfunded pension liability for government workers, while pay for these workers is growing three times faster than the median personal income of Californians. This year's state budget is 6 percent larger than last year's, but the Sacramento politicians are threatening to take it out on schools if they don't get more money.

We will see Nov. 6 if enough voters have been intimidated into approving these tax increases and making California No. 1 in tax burden.

Increases the state sales tax by a quarter point, from 7.25 percent to 7.5 percent, from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016. This is in addition to local sales taxes; for example, San Francisco sales tax would go from 8.5 percent to 9 percent, Los Angeles and Oakland sales taxes would go from 8.75 percent to 9.25 percent, San Jose sales tax would go from 8.25 percent to 8.75 percent, and San Diego sales tax would go from 7.75 percent to 8.25 percent. (That Los Angeles tax may go up by another half cent, announced the City Council chair yesterday.)

Increases income taxes nearly across-the-board, effective January 1, 2013. The full system would have 11 tax brackets with a top rate of 13.5% on income over $2.5 million ($5 million for joint filers).

In early years, about 60 percent of the revenues are dedicated for schools, 10 percent for early care and education, and about 30 percent to state debt payments. In later years, 85 percent of the revenue goes to schools and 15 percent for early care and education.

For both propositions, only part of the revenue would use to close the budget gap, due to Proposition 98's requirement that 40 percent of all revenue (including this new revenue) go for K-12 education. If Proposition 30 is not approved, automatic budget cuts will take effect to reduce state spending by about $6 billion. If Proposition 30 and Proposition 38 are both approved, only the one with more votes will take effect. Note also that many references to these taxes exclude an existing 1 percent tax on income over $1 million (the revenue is dedicated to mental health programs), but we include it in our tables.

Also on the ballot is Proposition 39, which would raise about $1 billion per year by requiring multistate businesses to apportion their income to California based solely on sales. Currently, businesses can apportion based either on sales or based on a formula including sales, property, and payroll. Half of the money would be used for funding energy efficiency projects, and the rest for schools. California's 144-page voter guide explains more but the topic of tax apportionment is a tough one even for tax experts. Put briefly, multistate companies pay corporate income tax in many states, and must use some formula by which to divvy up what each state gets to tax. Back in the day, the formula was based on your property and payroll. (For example, if you had 50% of your property in California and 100% of your payroll in California, you paid tax of 75%--the average of 50% and 100%--of your profits to California.) In the 1950s and 1960s, states adopted formulas equally weighing property, payroll, and sales. In the 1970s, states began double-weighting sales in the formula, and today many states only use sales. Aside from the additional revenue, the proposal would more heavily tax multistate firms that do business in California.

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