Throughout the life of an individual, there is an optimal count of cells to produce and progenitors to conserve in stock. This is the tissue homeostasis maintenance. In a general fashion the organism has five means to regulate the homeostasis. Self-renewal and quiescence, often used in order to maintain a functional progenitors pool. Differentiation enhances effector cells production. Apoptosis and senescence can limit cell production and reduce cell number in case of excess. These regulation mechanisms can be performed in an extrinsic fashion using different signaling pathways combined with the action of transcription factors like Ikaros and GATA1. The transcription factor Ikaros is critical for progenitor cells fate and hematopoietic lineages differentiation. However, Ikaros is mostly known for its influence on Notch signaling in lymphoid cells, notably T lymphocytes. Erythroid cells are highly sensitive to the environment thus, particularly adapted to study homeostasis maintenance regulation. Results obtained in different studies showed Ikaros and Notch signaling influencing erythropoiesis. However, the detail of their effect remains mainly unknown to day.
Our aim was to determine Ikaros effect on erythroid cells homeostasis maintenance and if its role involved a cross-talk with Notch signaling. We will decipher transcription regulation mechanisms used by Ikaros and Notch during erythropoiesis and their effects.
We show Ikaros uses GATA1 to repress Hes1, a major Notch target by recruiting a Polycomb family complex, the PRC2 (Polycomb Repressive Complex 2). This repression promotes erythroid cells differentiation.
At the apoptosis mediated control of homeostasis level, Ikaros is known to target Bcl2l1 in lymphocytes. As GATA1, Ikaros preferential partner, targets Bcl2l1 in erythroid cells, we assessed their effect on Bcl2l1 expression. We discovered Ikaros directly activates Bcl2l1
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and recruits two elongation associated complexes: one from SET1/MLL complex family, and the P-TEFb-NuRD complex. In the absence of Ikaros, the intracellular fragment of Notch (NICD) and its cofactor RBP-J replace Ikaros and favors Bcl2l1 overactivation. This is associated with a switch of recruited elongation associated complex and the establishment of distinct epigenetic modifications from those observed with Ikaros, which modifies the gene transcriptional elongation.
Ikaros and Notch are frequently mutated or present altered functions in leukemia. Our works present an Ikaros/Notch cross-talk influencing as well differentiation as apoptosis and reveal the existence of a genetic circuit for which a malfunction could favor hematologic disorders.
Keywords : transcription, homeostasis, erythropoiesis