If the production of electricity at a given moment in time is higher than demand
we may talk about excess electricity.1 It is possible to store excess electricity and
storage solutions might be essential for achieving very high renewable energy
shares in the energy system. The most common purpose for storing electricity is
of course to convert the stored energy back to electricity when needed. Currently
there are not many mature alternatives for seasonal energy storage. Pumped
hydro, hydrogen and compressed air are facing challenges with geographical
distribution and ecological footprint, technical limitations or low density.2 Another
option is to convert electricity into an energy carrier that can be used for other
purposes, and not just as a medium for electricity storage. One possibility is to use
periods of excess electricity for the production of carbon-based synthetic fuels,
so called electrofuels,3 that can be used for various purposes, e.g. for heating,
as a transportation fuel or in the chemical industry for the production of plastics,
textiles, medicine and fertilizers. One challenge, common to all energy storage technologies, is to be economically
viable in spite of the fact that excess, or low priced, electricity will likely be available
only a fraction of the time. This chapter aims to explore the challenges and
opportunities of using electrofuels to utilise excess electricity. Production processes
are described and costs are estimated to underpin a discussion on what is
required to make electrofuels competitive with gasoline.

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BibTeX @inbook{Grahn2014,author={Grahn, Maria and Taljegård, Maria and Ehnberg, Jimmy and Karlsson, Sten},title={Utilising excess power: the case of electrofuels for transport},booktitle={Systems Perspectives on Renewable Power 2014},isbn={978-91-980974-0-5},pages={128-137},abstract={If the production of electricity at a given moment in time is higher than demand
we may talk about excess electricity.1 It is possible to store excess electricity and
storage solutions might be essential for achieving very high renewable energy
shares in the energy system. The most common purpose for storing electricity is
of course to convert the stored energy back to electricity when needed. Currently
there are not many mature alternatives for seasonal energy storage. Pumped
hydro, hydrogen and compressed air are facing challenges with geographical
distribution and ecological footprint, technical limitations or low density.2 Another
option is to convert electricity into an energy carrier that can be used for other
purposes, and not just as a medium for electricity storage. One possibility is to use
periods of excess electricity for the production of carbon-based synthetic fuels,
so called electrofuels,3 that can be used for various purposes, e.g. for heating,
as a transportation fuel or in the chemical industry for the production of plastics,
textiles, medicine and fertilizers. One challenge, common to all energy storage technologies, is to be economically
viable in spite of the fact that excess, or low priced, electricity will likely be available
only a fraction of the time. This chapter aims to explore the challenges and
opportunities of using electrofuels to utilise excess electricity. Production processes
are described and costs are estimated to underpin a discussion on what is
required to make electrofuels competitive with gasoline.},year={2014},}

RefWorks RT Book, SectionSR ElectronicID 210531A1 Grahn, MariaA1 Taljegård, MariaA1 Ehnberg, JimmyA1 Karlsson, StenT1 Utilising excess power: the case of electrofuels for transportYR 2014T2 Systems Perspectives on Renewable Power 2014SN 978-91-980974-0-5SP 128OP 137AB If the production of electricity at a given moment in time is higher than demand
we may talk about excess electricity.1 It is possible to store excess electricity and
storage solutions might be essential for achieving very high renewable energy
shares in the energy system. The most common purpose for storing electricity is
of course to convert the stored energy back to electricity when needed. Currently
there are not many mature alternatives for seasonal energy storage. Pumped
hydro, hydrogen and compressed air are facing challenges with geographical
distribution and ecological footprint, technical limitations or low density.2 Another
option is to convert electricity into an energy carrier that can be used for other
purposes, and not just as a medium for electricity storage. One possibility is to use
periods of excess electricity for the production of carbon-based synthetic fuels,
so called electrofuels,3 that can be used for various purposes, e.g. for heating,
as a transportation fuel or in the chemical industry for the production of plastics,
textiles, medicine and fertilizers. One challenge, common to all energy storage technologies, is to be economically
viable in spite of the fact that excess, or low priced, electricity will likely be available
only a fraction of the time. This chapter aims to explore the challenges and
opportunities of using electrofuels to utilise excess electricity. Production processes
are described and costs are estimated to underpin a discussion on what is
required to make electrofuels competitive with gasoline.LA engLK http://www.chalmers.se/en/areas-of-advance/energy/cei/Pages/Systems-Perspectives-on-Renewable-Power.aspxLK http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/210531/local_210531.pdfOL 30