Eritoran is a synthetic analogue of lipid A, the bacterial LPS component. It is referred to as a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist, but rather than direct interaction, eritoran binds to MD-2 and prevents formation of the MD-2.TLR4 protein complex. Thus, eritoran appears to antagonise LPS-induced TLR4 activation.Eritoran has been investigated as a therapeutic for the management of sepsis, but failed to show sufficient clinical effect [1].