Common rabbit-brush (Ericamerianauseosa)Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Montana.Habitat: Dry, open areas from the plains to moderate elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: August-September

Green rabbit-brush (Chrysothamnusviscidiflorus)Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Montana and New Mexico.Habitat: Shrub-steppe, dry foothills.Origin: NativeFlowers: July-September

Northwestern rabbit-tobacco (Pseudognaphaliumthermale)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washingotn; British Columbia south to California, east to Montana and Utah.Habitat: Dry, sandy banks and ditches, open woods of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir, and mixed deciduous forests.Origin: NativeFlowers: June-September

Truckee green rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnushumilis)Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.Habitat: Shrub-steppe, grasslands, and sites with alkaline soils.Origin: NativeFlowers: July-September

Truckee rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnushumilis)Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.Habitat: Shrub-steppe, grasslands, and sites with alkaline soils.Origin: NativeFlowers: July-September

Common rabbitleaf (Lagophyllaramosissima)Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Montana, Idaho, and Nevada.Habitat: Dry, open areas of foothills and plains.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

Wild radish (Raphanusraphanistrum)Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations chiefly west of the Cascades; widely distributed throughout North America.Habitat: Weed of waste ground.Origin: Introduced, probably from the Mediterranean regionFlowers: May-July

Annual ragweed (Ambrosiaartemisiifolia)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; widespread throughout North America; also introduced in Europe.Habitat: Dry, disturbed, open areas at low elevations, including roadsides, pastures, and wastelots.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: August-October

Bur ragweed (Ambrosiaacanthicarpa)Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades, but widespread in western United States, to Texas and the DakotasHabitat: Weedy native in dry areas at low elevationsOrigin: NativeFlowers: July - October

Common ragweed (Ambrosiaartemisiifolia)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; widespread throughout North America; also introduced in Europe.Habitat: Dry, disturbed, open areas at low elevations, including roadsides, pastures, and wastelots.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: August-October

Giant ragweed (Ambrosiatrifida)Distribution: Native and widespread in central and eastern United States; an occasional introduction in the Pacific Northwest.Habitat: Waste places, usually in moist soil.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: July - October

Western ragweed (Ambrosiapsilostachya)Distribution: Occurring in the eastern portion of Washington; widely distributed throughout North America except for Alaska and far northern Canada.Habitat: Waste ground.Origin: NativeFlowers: July-October

Alkali marsh ragwort (Seneciohydrophilus)Distribution: East of the Cascades, British Columbia to California, east to South Dakota and Colorado.Habitat: Swampy places in the valleys and foothills; tolerant of alkali.Origin: NativeFlowers: June- September

Arrowleaf ragwort (Seneciotriangularis)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.Habitat: Moist places and streambanks, moderate to high elevations in the mountains, and low elvations west of the Cascades.Origin: NativeFlowers: June-September

Elmer's ragwort (Senecioelmeri)Distribution: Occurring in the Cascade and Wenatchee Mountains of central and northern Washington; British Columbia south to Washington.Habitat: Talus slopes and other rocky places in alpine areas.Origin: NativeFlowers: July-September

Siskiyou Mountain ragwort (Packeramacounii)Distribution: West of the Cascades, British Columbia to southern Oregon, mostly in the Puget Trough.Habitat: Open woods and dry, open places.Origin: NativeFlowers: May - July

Tansy ragwort (Jacobaeavulgaris)Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho and Montana; eastern North America.Habitat: A weed of pastures, roadsides, forest edges, and other disturbed areas.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: June-September

Woodland ragwort (Seneciosylvaticus)Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, also in eastern North America.Habitat: Disturbed ground at low elevations.Origin: Introduced from EuropeFlowers: May-September

Rainiera (Rainierastricta)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington; Washington south to Oregon.Habitat: Meadows and moist, open hillsides at mid- to high elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: July-August

Rape (Brassicanapus)Distribution: Known from only a few scattered locations in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.Habitat: Disturbed areas including fields, roadsides, and wastelots, where often escaped from cultivation.Origin: Introduced from EurasiaFlowers: April-June

Winter rape (Brassicanapus)Distribution: Known from only a few scattered locations in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.Habitat: Disturbed areas including fields, roadsides, and wastelots, where often escaped from cultivation.Origin: Introduced from EurasiaFlowers: April-June

Rapeseed (Brassicanapus)Distribution: Known from only a few scattered locations in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.Habitat: Disturbed areas including fields, roadsides, and wastelots, where often escaped from cultivation.Origin: Introduced from EurasiaFlowers: April-June

Blackcap raspberry (Rubusleucodermis)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to southern California, east to the Rocky Mountains.Habitat: Fields and open to wooded hillsides, from low to moderate elevations.Origin: NativeFlowers: April-July

Dark raspberry (Rubusleucodermis)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to southern California, east to the Rocky Mountains.Habitat: Fields and open to wooded hillsides, from low to moderate elevations.Origin: NativeFlowers: April-July

Dark raspberry (Rubusnigerrimus)Distribution: Along the Snake River in Whitman County, Washington.Habitat: Moist hillsides, usually along streams.Origin: NativeFlowers: May - June

Dwarf red blackberry raspberry (Rubuspubescens)Distribution: Occurring in the northeast counties in Washington; widespread throughout the northern half of North America.Habitat: Stream banks and moist woods to clearings where moderately dry, mid-elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

Northwest raspberry (Rubusnigerrimus)Distribution: Along the Snake River in Whitman County, Washington.Habitat: Moist hillsides, usually along streams.Origin: NativeFlowers: May - June

Raspberry raspberry (Rubuspubescens)Distribution: Occurring in the northeast counties in Washington; widespread throughout the northern half of North America.Habitat: Stream banks and moist woods to clearings where moderately dry, mid-elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

Red raspberry (Rubusidaeus)Distribution: Alaska east to Newfoundland, south to California and North Carolina.Habitat: Stream banks and open, moist or dry woods to rocky slopes in the mountains, often on talus.Origin: NativeFlowers: May - July

Red raspberry (Rubuspubescens)Distribution: Occurring in the northeast counties in Washington; widespread throughout the northern half of North America.Habitat: Stream banks and moist woods to clearings where moderately dry, mid-elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

Strawberry-leaf raspberry (Rubuspedatus)Distribution: Alaska to southern Oregon, east to Idaho and MontanaHabitat: Moist areas, open banks to dense forests, near sea level to timberlineOrigin: NativeFlowers: May - Early July

Whitebark raspberry (Rubusleucodermis)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to southern California, east to the Rocky Mountains.Habitat: Fields and open to wooded hillsides, from low to moderate elevations.Origin: NativeFlowers: April-July

Giant rattlesnake-plantain (Goodyeraoblongifolia)Distribution: Widely distributed throughout the mountainous and forested areas of Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains; Great Lakes Region and eastern Canada/New England.Habitat: Dry to moist forests, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: July-August

Western rattlesnake-plantain (Goodyeraoblongifolia)Distribution: Widely distributed throughout the mountainous and forested areas of Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains; Great Lakes Region and eastern Canada/New England.Habitat: Dry to moist forests, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: July-August

Rocky Mountain redcedar (Juniperusscopulorum)Distribution: Puget Trough and southwest British Columbia, south, east Cascades, to Oregon, east to NebraskaHabitat: Coastal islands to inland valleys and lower mountainsOrigin: NativeCones: May - June

Fringed redmaids (Calandriniaciliata)Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Arizona and New Mexico.Habitat: Gravelly to heavy soil, usually where vernally moist, at low elevations.Origin: NativeFlowers: April-May

Redmainds (Calandriniaciliata)Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Arizona and New Mexico.Habitat: Gravelly to heavy soil, usually where vernally moist, at low elevations.Origin: NativeFlowers: April-May

Redshank (Persicariamaculosa)Distribution: Occurring throughout much of Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.Habitat: A weedy species, usually on moist, cultivated or otherwise disturbed soil.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: March-September

Grand redstem (Ammanniarobusta)Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed from the tropics to much of North America.Habitat: Wet places, often where alkaline.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-june

Valley redstem (Ammanniacoccinea)Distribution: Known only from a restoration site in King County; California east along Mexican border to central and eastern U.S.Habitat: Restored wetland.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: June-August

Redwood-sorrel (Oxalisoregana)Distribution: Olympic Mountains and west slope of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to California.Habitat: Moist woods, low to moderate elevations.Origin: NativeFlowers: April-September

Common reed (Phragmitesaustralis)Distribution: In scattered locations throughout many areas of Washington; widely distributed throughout North America; circumboreal.Habitat: Disturbed areas, including roadsides, often where wet or seasonally moist.Origin: NativeFlowers: July-September

Bluejoint reedgrass (Calamagrostiscanadensis)Distribution: Alaska to Quebec, south through the United States except for the Deep SouthHabitat: Wet places, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountainsOrigin: NativeFlowers: Late June - August

Purple reedgrass (Calamagrostispurpurascens)Origin: NativeFlowers: Late June - August

Rainier reedgrass (Calamagrostistacomensis)Origin: NativeFlowers: Late July - September

Hillside rein orchid (Platantheraelegans)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho and Montana.Habitat: Mostly in dry, open woods and hills where moist in spring.Origin: NativeFlowers: June-September

Blunt-leaf rein-orchid (Platantheraobtusata)Distribution: Scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Montana and Colorado, across Canada to Newfoundland.Habitat: Damp to wet forests at mid-elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: June-July

Elegant rein-orchid (Platantheraelegans)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho and Montana.Habitat: Mostly in dry, open woods and hills where moist in spring.Origin: NativeFlowers: June-September

One-leaf rein-orchid (Platantheraobtusata)Distribution: Scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Montana and Colorado, across Canada to Newfoundland.Habitat: Damp to wet forests at mid-elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: June-July

Resinweed (Grindeliahirsutula)Distribution: From the coast to mid elevations; both sides of the Cascades in Washington. British Columbia south to California, east to New York and Quebec.Habitat: Coastal bluffs, forest openings, alluvial areas, disturbed sites.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-October

Serrate resinweed (Grindeliasquarrosa)Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east across southern Canada and most of the United States to the Atlantic Coast.Habitat: Dry, open, often sandy places, at low elevations.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: June-September

California rhododendron (Rhododendronmacrophyllum)Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California.Habitat: Moist woods, sea level to moderate elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

Pacific rhododendron (Rhododendronmacrophyllum)Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California.Habitat: Moist woods, sea level to moderate elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

White rhododendron (Rhododendronalbiflorum)Distribution: British Columbia to Oregon, east to MontanaHabitat: Moist, usually forested, slopes, mid- to high elevations in the mountainsOrigin: NativeFlowers: June - August

Knotted rish (Juncusnodosus)Distribution: East of the Cascades, British Columbia to California, east to Nova Scotia and Maine.Habitat: Ditches, ponds and wet places.Origin: NativeFlowers: Late June - August

Ragged robin (Clarkiapulchella)Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to South Dakota.Habitat: Dry, open slopes, low to mid-elevations.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-June

American parsley fern rockbrake (Cryptogrammaacrostichoides)Distribution: Alaska to California, east in cool, moist areas to Ontario and MichiganHabitat: Cliff crevices and talus slopes at mid- to high elevations in the mountainsOrigin: Native

Cascade parsley fern rockbrake (Cryptogrammacascadensis)Distribution: British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and MontanaHabitat: Cliff crevices and talus slopes at mid- to high elevations in the mountains, occasionally descending to sea level in humid areasOrigin: Native

Rockbrake (Cryptogrammaacrostichoides)Distribution: Alaska to California, east in cool, moist areas to Ontario and MichiganHabitat: Cliff crevices and talus slopes at mid- to high elevations in the mountainsOrigin: Native

Rockbrake (Cryptogrammacascadensis)Distribution: British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and MontanaHabitat: Cliff crevices and talus slopes at mid- to high elevations in the mountains, occasionally descending to sea level in humid areasOrigin: Native

Black-flowered rockcress (Boecheraatrorubens)Distribution: East of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to Oregon.Habitat: Sagebrush and ponderosa pine country.Origin: NativeFlowers: April-June

Canadian rockcress (Boecherastricta)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, and east along the northern U.S. and southern Canada to the Atlantic Coast.Habitat: Open areas in the forest at mid-elevations to sub-alpine meadows.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

Cascade rockcress (Arabisfurcata)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to Oregon.Habitat: Open slopes, meadows, and ridgelines in alpine and subalpine areas.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

Columbia Gorge rockcress (Arabisfurcata)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to Oregon.Habitat: Open slopes, meadows, and ridgelines in alpine and subalpine areas.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

Columbia rockcress (Boecherapauciflora)Distribution: East of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Montana and Utah.Habitat: Sagebrush and ponderosa pine country.Origin: NativeFlowers: April-June

Crosshaired rockcress (Arabiscrucisetosa)Distribution: Occurring in the southeastern corner of Washington; Snake River canyon, Asotin County, Washington, east to west-central Idaho.Habitat: Wet banks to moist soil or coniferous woods.Origin: NativeFlowers: April-June

Cusick's rockcress (Boecheracusickii)Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; east-central Washington south to Nevada, east to central Idaho.Habitat: Sagebrush flats to open Ponderosa pine forests, often on lithosol.Origin: NativeFlowers: March-May

Danglepod rockcress (Boecherapendulocarpa)Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory south to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.Habitat: From sagebrush and ponderosa pine slopes to well up in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-August

Drummond's rockcress (Boecherastricta)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, and east along the northern U.S. and southern Canada to the Atlantic Coast.Habitat: Open areas in the forest at mid-elevations to sub-alpine meadows.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

Elegant rockcress (Boecherasparsiflora)Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho, Nevada, and Utah.Habitat: From sagebrush plains to forest openings and meadows at moderate elevations.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

Few-flowered rockcress (Boecherapauciflora)Distribution: East of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Montana and Utah.Habitat: Sagebrush and ponderosa pine country.Origin: NativeFlowers: April-June

Fork-haired rockcress (Arabisfurcata)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to Oregon.Habitat: Open slopes, meadows, and ridgelines in alpine and subalpine areas.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

Hairy rockcress (Arabiseschscholtziana)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the northern Rocky Mountains.Habitat: Open areas, often in waste places, from sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: April-July

Lemmon's rockcress (Boecheralemmonii)Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains and East Cascades in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.Habitat: Alpine meadows, ridges and talus slopes.Origin: NativeFlowers: July-September

Littleleaf rockcress (Boecheramicrophylla)Distribution: Occurring in Washington east of the Cacades crest; British Columbia south to eastern Oregon, east to Montana and Wyoming.Habitat: Low montane to subalpine.Origin: NativeFlowers: April-July

Lyall's rockcress (Boecheralyallii)Distribution: Widely distributed in the mountains throughout Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.Habitat: Subalpine to alpine ridges, cliffs, and drier meadows.Origin: NativeFlowers: June-August

Mt. Adams rockcress (Boecherapaddoensis)Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Mt. Adams area; Washington south to northeastern Oregon.Habitat: Alpine slopes and talus.Origin: NativeFlowers: July-August

Murry's rockcress (Boecheralyallii)Distribution: Widely distributed in the mountains throughout Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.Habitat: Subalpine to alpine ridges, cliffs, and drier meadows.Origin: NativeFlowers: June-August

Pacific coast rockcress (Arabiseschscholtziana)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the northern Rocky Mountains.Habitat: Open areas, often in waste places, from sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: April-July

Slender rockcress (Boecherasparsiflora)Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho, Nevada, and Utah.Habitat: From sagebrush plains to forest openings and meadows at moderate elevations.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

Small-flowered rockcress (Boecherapauciflora)Distribution: East of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Montana and Utah.Habitat: Sagebrush and ponderosa pine country.Origin: NativeFlowers: April-June

Small-leaved rockcress (Boecheramicrophylla)Distribution: Occurring in Washington east of the Cacades crest; British Columbia south to eastern Oregon, east to Montana and Wyoming.Habitat: Low montane to subalpine.Origin: NativeFlowers: April-July

Spreadingpod rockcress (Boecheradivaricarpa)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, and in the Olympic Mountains; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.Habitat: From middle elevations to subalpine areas in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: June-August

American wintercress rocket (Barbareaorthoceras)Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; Alaska to the mountains of California, east though the Rockies to the New England states.Habitat: Meadows, stream banks and moist woods, low to mid-elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: March-July

Dame's rocket (Hesperismatronalis)Distribution: Scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; distributed throughout North America except for the southern portion of the U.S.Habitat: Sometimes escaping and persisting on waste ground.Origin: Introduced from EuropeFlowers: May-June

Dyer's rocket (Resedaluteola)Distribution: Scattered locations in Washington; British Columbia south to California; scattered locations in central and eastern North America.Habitat: Disturbed ground.Origin: Introduced from EuropeFlowers: May-September

European sea rocket (Cakilemaritima)Distribution: Occurring along coastal counties in Washington; British Columbia south to California along the coast.Habitat: At water's edge in sand or gravel.Origin: Introduced from EuropeFlowers: May-September

False london rocket (Sisymbriumloeselii)Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to Nevada, east to the Atlantic Coast.Habitat: Roadsides and drier disturbed areas.Origin: Introduced from EurasiaFlowers: June-August

Hairy rocket (Erucastrumgallicum)Distribution: Weedy introduction from central Europe, fairly common in eastern United States; found in a few scattered locations in the Pacific Northwest.Habitat: Waste areas and disturbed soil.Origin: Introduced from EurasiaFlowers: May - July

Prairie rocket (Erysimuminconspicuum)Distribution: Known from the northeast region in Washington; Alaska south to Oregon and Nevada, east across much of the U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast.Habitat: Rock outcroppings and roadsides where calcareous, also tolerant of alkaline soils.Origin: NativeFlowers: June-July

Sea rocket (Cakilemaritima)Distribution: Occurring along coastal counties in Washington; British Columbia south to California along the coast.Habitat: At water's edge in sand or gravel.Origin: Introduced from EuropeFlowers: May-September

Small-flowered rocket (Erysimuminconspicuum)Distribution: Known from the northeast region in Washington; Alaska south to Oregon and Nevada, east across much of the U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast.Habitat: Rock outcroppings and roadsides where calcareous, also tolerant of alkaline soils.Origin: NativeFlowers: June-July

Small-flowered rocket rocket (Erysimuminconspicuum)Distribution: Known from the northeast region in Washington; Alaska south to Oregon and Nevada, east across much of the U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast.Habitat: Rock outcroppings and roadsides where calcareous, also tolerant of alkaline soils.Origin: NativeFlowers: June-July

Tall rocket (Sisymbriumaltissimum)Distribution: Distributed throughout Washington but more common east of the Cascades; occurring throughout North America.Habitat: Shrub-steppe, grasslands, and waste ground, especially following rangeland fires.Origin: Introduced from EurasiaFlowers: May-September

Yellow rocket (Barbareaorthoceras)Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; Alaska to the mountains of California, east though the Rockies to the New England states.Habitat: Meadows, stream banks and moist woods, low to mid-elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: March-July

Yellow rocket (Barbareavulgaris)Distribution: Chiefly west of the Cascades in Washington, with scattered locations east of the Cascades; distributed throughout much of the United States.Habitat: Garden escape, found chiefly in wet places.Origin: Introduced from EurasiaFlowers: April-July

Cucumber root (Streptopusamplexifolius)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in northeastern North America.Habitat: Open to dense moist forests from low elevations to subalpine.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

Deer root (Ivaaxillaris)Distribution: Chiefly east of the Castades, southern British Columbia to California, east to Manitoba and Oklahoma.Habitat: Dry, often alkaline places, in the valleys, plains and foothills.Origin: NativeFlowers: May - September

Western rattlesnake root (Nabalusalatus)Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska, south to Oregon, east to Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.Habitat: Streambanks and other moist, shaded places.Origin: NativeFlowers: July-September

Baldhip rose (Rosagymnocarpa)Distribution: Occurring west of and on the east slope of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to California, and in the mountains of Idaho and eastern Oregon.Habitat: Moist or dry woods, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

Dog rose (Rosacanina)Distribution: Introduced at low elevations west of the Cascades, and in IdahoHabitat: Roadside thickets.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: May - June

Field cotton rose (Filagoarvensis)Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Sasketchewan, Nebraska, Minnesota and Michigan.Habitat: Dry, open waste land and overgrazed ranges.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: July-September

Pearhip rose (Rosawoodsii)Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the central U.S. and eastern Canada.Habitat: Valleys and hillsides at low elevations to forest openings at mid-elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

Rugosa rose (Rosarugosa)Distribution: Known from a few scattered locations in lowland western Washington; Alaska and Washington in western North America; in the north-central and northeastern areas of North America.Habitat: Edge of saltwater beaches, roadsides, forest edge, fields, and other disturbed areas.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: June-August

Sweetbrier rose (Rosarubiginosa)Distribution: Introduced chiefly west of the Cascades, and in eastern United states.Habitat: Roadsides and pastures, occasionally in more natural areas.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: June - July

Wood rose (Rosagymnocarpa)Distribution: Occurring west of and on the east slope of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to California, and in the mountains of Idaho and eastern Oregon.Habitat: Moist or dry woods, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-July

Rose-of-sharon (Hypericumcalycinum)Distribution: West of the Cascades in Washington at low elevations.Habitat: Escaped from cultivation in disturbed, urban settings.Origin: Introduced from Turkey and BulgariaFlowers: May-July

Roseroot (Rhodiolaintegrifolia)Distribution: In the Cascades and northeastern corner of Washington; Alaska to south to California, east to Colorado.Habitat: Cliffs, talus and ridges, subalpine to alpine, generally where moist in early summer.Origin: NativeFlowers: June-August

Western meadow rue (Thalictrumoccidentale)Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washingtton; British Columbia south to northern California, east to Montana and Colorado.Habitat: Shady woodlands and forests, from low elevations to mid-elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: May-August

Alpine rush (Juncusalpinoarticulatus)Distribution: In scattered location on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; scattered throughout North America from Alaska to Washington, east across Canada and central U.S. to northeastern North America.Habitat: Wet meadows, pond and lake shores.Origin: NativeFlowers: July-September

Baltic rush (Juncusbalticus)Distribution: Widely distributed throughout much of Washington; widely distributed throughout much of western and central North America, less widely distributed in eastern North America.Habitat: Wet places, often where saline or alkaline.Origin: NativeFlowers: June-August

Black rush (Juncusgerardi)Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in counties along the Puget Sound and outer coast; British Columbia south to Oregon, east sporadically across the U.S. to the northern Atlantic coast of the U.S. and Canada; circumboreal.Habitat: Coastal salt marshes.Origin: Both native and introduced - occurring in eastern North America, Eurasia.Flowers: June-September

Bolander's rush (Juncusbolanderi)Distribution: West of the Cascades, southern British Columbia south to coastal California.Habitat: Marshes and river bottoms from tidelands to the lower mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: Late May - August

Bulbous rush (Juncusbulbosus)Distribution: Introduced at several locations in wsestern Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon, east across northern Canada to the Atlantic Coast; Europe.Habitat: Sandy or peaty shores of streams and pools.Origin: Introduced from EurasiaFlowers: August

Canadian rush (Juncuscanadensis)Distribution: Introduced from eastern United States to a few locations in western Washington.Habitat: Brackish swamps, acid bogs, tidal flats and beaches.Origin: Introduced from eastern North AmericaFlowers: June - July

Dagger rush (Juncusensifolius)Distribution: Widely distributed throughout the mountainous areas of Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Great Plains; introduced in eastern North America.Habitat: Shores of ponds and streams, wet meadows, fens, seeps, and ditches from low to high elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: June-August

Daggerleaf rush (Juncusensifolius)Distribution: Widely distributed throughout the mountainous areas of Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Great Plains; introduced in eastern North America.Habitat: Shores of ponds and streams, wet meadows, fens, seeps, and ditches from low to high elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: June-August

Drummond's rush (Juncusdrummondii)Distribution: Alaska south to California, east to the Rockies, Alberta to New Mexico.Habitat: Alpine to subalpine meadows, streambanks, talus slopes and ridges.Origin: NativeFlowers: July - September

Dwarf scouring rush (Equisetumscirpoides)Distribution: Circumboreal, south in North America to northeast Washington, east to northwest Montana, Minnisota, and New York.Habitat: Moist, swampy places, especially in coniferous forests.Origin: Native

Flowering rush (Butomusumbellatus)Distribution: Whatcom County in Washington. Introduced across the northern United States from Washington to Vermont.Habitat: Occasional in ponds and wetlands.Origin: Introduced from EurasiaFlowers: August

Hair-leaved rush (Juncussupiniformis)Distribution: Alaska south along the coast west of the Cascades to Mendocino County, California.Habitat: Marshes, ponds, ditches and rivers, often where submerged early in the season.Origin: NativeFlowers: July - September

Inch-high rush (Juncusuncialis)Distribution: Oregon and California, occasional in estern WashingtonHabitat: Margins of vernal pools and ponds.Origin: NativeFlowers: May - June

Inland rush (Juncusinterior)Distribution: Alberta south to Colorado, east to Quebec and Tennesee; occasional in eastern Washington.Habitat: Dry, upland sites in prairies, exposed sites in disturbed areas, ditches in sandy or clayey soilOrigin: NativeFlowers: May - June

Knotty leaf rush (Juncusacuminatus)Distribution: Mostly west of the Cascades, British Columbia south to California, east to southwest Idaho and Arizona.Habitat: Ditches, lake margins, meadows and other wet places.Origin: NativeFlowers: Late May - August

Mertens' rush (Juncusmertensianus)Distribution: Alaska to California, east to Alberta, South Dakota and New MexicoHabitat: Wet places along streams and lakes, mid- to high elevations in the mountainsOrigin: NativeFlowers: July - September

Mud rush (Juncusgerardi)Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in counties along the Puget Sound and outer coast; British Columbia south to Oregon, east sporadically across the U.S. to the northern Atlantic coast of the U.S. and Canada; circumboreal.Habitat: Coastal salt marshes.Origin: Both native and introduced - occurring in eastern North America, Eurasia.Flowers: June-September

Nevada rush (Juncusnevadensis)Distribution: Southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rockies, Montana to New Mexico.Habitat: Wet plasces, margins of streams and lakes, from near sea level to lower elevations in the mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: July - August

Northern rush (Juncusalpinoarticulatus)Distribution: In scattered location on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; scattered throughout North America from Alaska to Washington, east across Canada and central U.S. to northeastern North America.Habitat: Wet meadows, pond and lake shores.Origin: NativeFlowers: July-September

Parry's rush (Juncusparryi)Distribution: British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Colorado; in the Olympics and Cascades of WashingtonHabitat: Moist places, moderate to high elevations in the mountainsOrigin: NativeFlowers: July - September

Path rush (Juncustenuis)Distribution: Alaska south to Mexico, east across southern Canada and most of the United States.Habitat: Moist places.Origin: NativeFlowers: June - September

Pointed rush (Juncusoxymeris)Distribution: Southwest British Columbia to Caslifornia; in Washington, in the lowlands west of the Cascades.Habitat: Wet meadows and lake shores.Origin: NativeFlowers: May - August

Poverty rush (Juncustenuis)Distribution: Alaska south to Mexico, east across southern Canada and most of the United States.Habitat: Moist places.Origin: NativeFlowers: June - September

Sharp-fruited rush (Juncusacuminatus)Distribution: Mostly west of the Cascades, British Columbia south to California, east to southwest Idaho and Arizona.Habitat: Ditches, lake margins, meadows and other wet places.Origin: NativeFlowers: Late May - August

Spreading rush (Juncusbulbosus)Distribution: Introduced at several locations in wsestern Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon, east across northern Canada to the Atlantic Coast; Europe.Habitat: Sandy or peaty shores of streams and pools.Origin: Introduced from EurasiaFlowers: August

Spreading rush (Juncussupiniformis)Distribution: Alaska south along the coast west of the Cascades to Mendocino County, California.Habitat: Marshes, ponds, ditches and rivers, often where submerged early in the season.Origin: NativeFlowers: July - September

Tapered rush (Juncusacuminatus)Distribution: Mostly west of the Cascades, British Columbia south to California, east to southwest Idaho and Arizona.Habitat: Ditches, lake margins, meadows and other wet places.Origin: NativeFlowers: Late May - August

Thread rush (Juncusfiliformis)Distribution: Alaska to northern Oregon, east in Canada to Newfoundland and south to Pennsylvania and Montana.Habitat: Lake shores and coastal bogs to montane marshes and meadows; in Washington, from near sea level to about 5000 feet elevation.Origin: NativeFlowers: July - August

Threeflower rush (Juncusdrummondii)Distribution: Alaska south to California, east to the Rockies, Alberta to New Mexico.Habitat: Alpine to subalpine meadows, streambanks, talus slopes and ridges.Origin: NativeFlowers: July - September

Torrey's rush (Juncustorreyi)Distribution: British Columbia south, east of the Cascades, to California, east to Ontario and New York.Habitat: Wet places, especially around lakes and along streams, form the lowlands to the lower mountains.Origin: NativeFlowers: Late June - August

Tuberous rush (Juncusnodosus)Distribution: East of the Cascades, British Columbia to California, east to Nova Scotia and Maine.Habitat: Ditches, ponds and wet places.Origin: NativeFlowers: Late June - August

Western rush (Juncusoccidentalis)Origin: NativeFlowers: June - September

Russian-olive (Elaeagnusangustifolia)Distribution: Common east of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout most of North America.Habitat: Weedy escape, especially in riparian areas; often planted historically as a windbreak.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: May-July

Canadian wild rye (Elymuscanadensis)Distribution: Alaska south on the east side of the Cascades to California, east to Quebec, north Carolina and TexasHabitat: Sandy, dry to moist meadows to mountain canyons.Origin: NativeFlowers: June - August

Creeping wild rye (Elymusrepens)Distribution: Native to Eurasia; Alaska to Greenland and south to California, Texas, and North Carolina.Habitat: Disturbed, open areas.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: June-August

Cultivated rye (Secalecereale)Distribution: Widely cultivated, especially in poor, dry soil, often persistent for more than one season.Habitat: Roadsides and waste ground.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: May - July

Annual ryegrass (Loliummultiflorum)Distribution: Introduced and well established in much of temperate North America.Habitat: Roadsides and waste ground.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: May - July

English ryegrass (Loliumperenne)Distribution: Commonly cultivated as a forage plant; escaped and well established in the Pacific Northwest.Habitat: Old fields, roadsides, and waste places.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: May - July

Italian ryegrass (Loliummultiflorum)Distribution: Introduced and well established in much of temperate North America.Habitat: Roadsides and waste ground.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: May - July

Perennial ryegrass (Loliummultiflorum)Distribution: Introduced and well established in much of temperate North America.Habitat: Roadsides and waste ground.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: May - July

Perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne)Distribution: Commonly cultivated as a forage plant; escaped and well established in the Pacific Northwest.Habitat: Old fields, roadsides, and waste places.Origin: IntroducedFlowers: May - July