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Ethanol is grain alcohol that can be made from a variety of crops, including sugar cane, but in the USA it is mostly derived from corn. Policy makers and some environmentalists say that ethanol can help reduce reliance on imports and cut greenhouse gases. But some experts argue that the energy needed to grow the corn and produce ethanol may be more than is in a gallon of ethanol as a fuel.

Replacing MTBE. In 1990, Congress required that gasoline contain a 10 percent additive to help control smog. The original choice was methyl tertiary butyl ether. But, health and environmental concerns about MTBE have lead to a switch to ethanol as the additive in many states.

E-85 is 85 percent ethanol mixed with 15 percent gasoline. But only about 5 million “flexible-fuel” cars that can run on E-85 have been produced, out of about 238 million vehicles in use in the United States.