We used nerve biopsy specimens of patients with axonal neuropathy (AN), systemic and nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy (NSVN) and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy (HNPP) (as a control group).

The masseteric nerve is an excellent donor nerve for cases of recent-onset facial paralysis given its close anatomic proximity to the zygomatic and buccal divisions of the facial nerve, straightforward harvest technique, strong axonal volume, low morbidity, and potential for spontaneity.

Bianchi remains in a "critical but stable" condition and it is not yet possible to say if, and to what extent, the 25-year-old Frenchman will recover from his "diffuse axonal injury", where a shearing force has torn tissue throughout the brain.

Assessment tools such as the Glasgow Coma Scale, the FOUR (Full Outline of Unresponsiveness) SCORE, the Ramsey Scale, and Grading System for Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) are woven into each section to support understanding of the care needed.

Editor's Note: The authors remark that, "Ethoxyquin and its novel derivatives as well as other classes of small molecules that act as heat shock protein 90 modulators may offer a new opportunity for development of drugs to prevent chemotherapy induced axonal degeneration.

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