-secured political power in South
-supported by Freedmen's Bureau and Union Leagues

Carpetbaggers

-Northerners who moved South after the war
-Some were veterans economic opportunities
-Others were missionaries or idealistic teachers

Scalawags

-Southern white Republicans
-abused by Conservative Democrats

African-Americans & political offices

-never equal to proportion of population
-2 Senators & 14 members in House of Reps. were elected
-many made political contributions despite experience and limited edu.

Ku Klux Klan

-late 1865
-intimidated and terrorized blacks and white Republicans in the South
-there were other groups [Knights of White Camellia, South Carolina Red Shirts] that resorted to whippings and murder
-white social hierarchy was slowly restored to power
-gov. had no power to restrict them

Three Enforcement Acts

-passed by Congress in 1870-1871
-goal: protect freedmen's right to vote, supervise elections, and outlaw Klan activities
-KKK crushed in late 1871 by federal action

Civil Rights Act of 1875

-sought to assure equal accommodations in public places and black participation on juries
-was not enforced
-ker portions declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court in 1883
-ruled that discrimination by private individuals was not illegal

Radical Reconstruction

-faded
-all but 3 Southern Republic gov. 'redeemed' by Conservative Demo. in 1876
-North tired of Southern problem and turned to other conflicts
-vigorous Radical leaders [Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner] died
-Democratic party would dominate 'Solid South' for generations