The New Atlantis

Francis Bacon

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The New Atlantis

WE sailed from Peru, where we had continued by the space of one whole year, for China and Japan, by
the South Sea, taking with us victuals for twelve months; and had good winds from the east, though soft and weak, for
five months’ space and more. But then the wind came about, and settled in the west for many days, so as we could make
little or no way, and were sometimes in purpose to turn back. But then again there arose strong and great winds from
the south, with a point east; which carried us up, for all that we could do, toward the north: by which time our
victuals failed us, though we had made good spare of them. So that finding ourselves, in the midst of the greatest
wilderness of waters in the world, without victual, we gave ourselves for lost men, and prepared for death. Yet we did
lift up our hearts and voices to God above, who showeth His wonders in the deep; beseeching Him of His mercy that as in
the beginning He discovered the face of the deep, and brought forth dry land, so He would now discover land to us, that
we might not perish.

And it came to pass that the next day about evening we saw within a kenning before us, toward the north, as it were
thick clouds, which did put us in some hope of land, knowing how that part of the South Sea was utterly unknown, and
might have islands or continents that hitherto were not come to light. Wherefore we bent our course thither, where we
saw the appearance of land, all that night; and in the dawning of next day we might plainly discern that it was a land
flat to our sight, and full of boscage, which made it show the more dark. And after an hour and a half’s sailing, we
entered into a good haven, being the port of a fair city. Not great, indeed, but well built, and that gave a pleasant
view from the sea. And we thinking every minute long till we were on land, came close to the shore and offered to land.
But straightway we saw divers of the people, with batons in their hands, as it were forbidding us to land: yet without
any cries or fierceness, but only as warning us off, by signs that they made. Whereupon being not a little discomfited,
we were advising with ourselves what we should do. During which time there made forth to us a small boat, with about
eight persons in it, whereof one of them had in his hand a tipstaff of a yellow cane, tipped at both ends with blue,
who made aboard our ship, without any show of distrust at all. And when he saw one of our number present himself
somewhat afore the rest, he drew forth a little scroll of parchment (somewhat yellower than our parchment, and shining
like the leaves of writingtables, but otherwise soft and flexible), and delivered it to our foremost man. In which
scroll were written in ancient Hebrew, and in ancient Greek, and in good Latin of the school, and in Spanish these
words: “Land ye not, none of you, and provide to be gone from this coast within sixteen days, except you have further
time given you; meanwhile, if you want fresh water, or victual, or help for your sick, or that your ship needeth
repair, write down your wants, and you shall have that which belongeth to mercy.” This scroll was signed with a stamp
of cherubim’s wings, not spread, but hanging downward; and by them a cross.

This being delivered, the officer returned, and left only a servant with us to receive our answer. Consulting
hereupon among ourselves, we were much perplexed. The denial of landing, and hasty warning us away, troubled us much:
on the other side, to find that the people had languages, and were so full of humanity, did comfort us not a little.
And above all, the sign of the cross to that instrument was to us a great rejoicing, and as it were a certain presage
of good. Our answer was in the Spanish tongue, “That for our ship, it was well; for we had rather met with calms and
contrary winds, than any tempests. For our sick, they were many, and in very ill case; so that if they were not
permitted to land, they ran in danger of their lives.” Our other wants we set down in particular, adding, “That we had
some little store of merchandise, which if it pleased them to deal for, it might supply our wants, without being
chargeable unto them.” We offered some reward in pistolets unto the servant, and a piece of crimson velvet to be
presented to the officer; but the servant took them not, nor would scarce look upon them; and so left us, and went back
in another little boat which was sent for him.

About three hours after we had despatched our answer, there came toward us a person (as it seemed) of a place. He
had on him a gown with wide sleeves, of a kind of water chamolet, of an excellent azure color, far more glossy than
ours; his under-apparel was green, and so was his hat, being in the form of a turban, daintily made, and not so huge as
the Turkish turbans; and the locks of his hair came down below the brims of it. A reverend man was he to behold. He
came in a boat, gilt in some part of it, with four persons more only in that boat; and was followed by another boat,
wherein were some twenty. When he was come within a flight-shot of our ship, signs were made to us that we should send
forth some to meet him upon the water, which we presently did in our ship-boat, sending the principal man amongst us
save one, and four of our number with him. When we were come within six yards of their boat, they called to us to stay,
and not to approach farther, which we did.

And thereupon the man, whom I before described, stood up, and with a loud voice in Spanish asked, “Are ye
Christians?” We answered, “We were;” fearing the less, because of the cross we had seen in the subscription. At which
answer the said person lift up his right hand toward heaven, and drew it softly to his mouth (which is the gesture they
use, when they thank God), and then said: “If ye will swear, all of you, by the merits of the Saviour, that ye are no
pirates; nor have shed blood, lawfully or unlawfully, within forty days past; you may have license to come on land.” We
said, “We were all ready to take that oath.” Whereupon one of those that were with him, being (as it seemed) a notary,
made an entry of this act. Which done, another of the attendants of the great person, which was with him in the same
boat, after his lord had spoken a little to him, said aloud: “My lord would have you know that it is not of pride, or
greatness, that he cometh not aboard your ship; but for that in your answer you declare that you have many sick amongst
you, he was warned by the conservator of health of the city that he should keep a distance.” We bowed ourselves toward
him and answered: “We were his humble servants; and accounted for great honor and singular humanity toward us, that
which was already done; but hoped well that the nature of the sickness of our men was not infectious.”

So he returned; and awhile after came the notary to us aboard our ship, holding in his hand a fruit of that country,
like an orange, but of color between orange-tawny and scarlet, which cast a most excellent odor. He used it (as it
seemed) for a preservative against infection. He gave us our oath, “By the name of Jesus, and His merits,” and after
told us that the next day, by six of the clock in the morning, we should be sent to, and brought to the strangers’
house (so he called it), where we should be accommodated of things, both for our whole and for our sick. So he left us;
and when we offered him some pistolets, he smiling, said, “He must not be twice paid for one labor:” meaning (as I take
it) that he had salary sufficient of the State for his service. For (as I after learned) they call an officer that
taketh rewards twice paid.

The next morning early there came to us the same officer that came to us at first, with his cane, and told us he
came to conduct us to the strangers’ house; and that he had prevented the hour, because we might have the whole day
before us for our business. “For,” said he,” if you will follow my advice, there shall first go with me some few of
you, and see the place, and how it may be made convenient for you; and then you may send for your sick, and the rest of
your number which ye will bring on land.” We thanked him and said, “That his care which he took of desolate strangers,
God would reward.” And so six of us went on land with him; and when we were on land, he went before us, and turned to
us and said “he was but our servant and our guide.” He led us through three fair streets; and all the way we went there
were gathered some people on both sides, standing in a row; but in so civil a fashion, as if it had been, not to wonder
at us, but to welcome us; and divers of them, as we passed by them, put their arms a little abroad, which is their
gesture when they bid any welcome.

The strangers’ house is a fair and spacious house, built of brick, of somewhat a bluer color than our brick; and
with handsome windows, some of glass, some of a kind of cambric oiled. He brought us first into a fair parlor above
stairs, and then asked us “what number of persons we were? and how many sick?” We answered, “We were in all (sick and
whole) one-and-fifty persons, whereof our sick were seventeen.” He desired us have patience a little, and to stay till
he came back to us, which was about an hour after; and then he led us to see the chambers which were provided for us,
being in number nineteen. They having cast it (as it seemeth) that four of those chambers, which were better than the
rest, might receive four of the principal men of our company; and lodge them alone by themselves; and the other fifteen
chambers were to lodge us, two and two together. The chambers were handsome and cheerful chambers, and furnished
civilly. Then he led us to a long gallery, like a dorture, where he showed us all along the one side (for the other
side was but wall and window) seventeen cells, very neat ones, having partitions of cedar wood. Which gallery and
cells, being in all forty (many more than we needed), were instituted as an infirmary for sick persons. And he told us
withal, that as any of our sick waxed well, he might be removed from his cell to a chamber; for which purpose there
were set forth ten spare cham bers, besides the number we spake of before.

This done, he brought us back to the parlor, and lifting up his cane a little (as they do when they give any charge
or command), said to us: “Ye are to know that the custom of the land requireth that after this day and to-morrow (which
we give you for removing your people from your ship), you are to keep within doors for three days. But let it not
trouble you, nor do not think yourselves restrained, but rather left to your rest and ease. You shall want nothing; and
there are six of our people appointed to attend you for any business you may have abroad.” We gave him thanks with all
affection and respect, and said, “God surely is manifested in this land.” We offered him also twenty pistolets; but he
smiled, and only said: “What? Twice paid!” And so he left us. Soon after our dinner was served in; which was right good
viands, both for bread and meat: better than any collegiate diet that I have known in Europe. We had also drink of
three sorts, all wholesome and good: wine of the grape; a drink of grain, such as is with us our ale, but more clear;
and a kind of cider made of a fruit of that country, a wonderful pleasing and refreshing drink. Besides, there were
brought in to us great store of those scarlet oranges for our sick; which (they said) were an assured remedy for
sickness taken at sea. There was given us also a box of small gray or whitish pills, which they wished our sick should
take, one of the pills every night before sleep; which (they said) would hasten their recovery.

The next day, after that our trouble of carriage and removing of our men and goods out of our ship was somewhat
settled and quiet, I thought good to call our company together, and, when they were assembled, said unto them: “My dear
friends, let us know ourselves, and how it standeth with us. We are men cast on land, as Jonas was out of the whale’s
belly, when we were as buried in the deep; and now we are on land, we are but between death and life, for we are beyond
both the Old World and the New; and whether ever we shall see Europe, God only knoweth. It is a kind of miracle hath
brought us hither, and it must be little less that shall bring us hence. Therefore in regard of our deliverance past,
and our danger present and to come, let us look up to God, and every man reform his own ways. Besides, we are come here
among a Christian people, full of piety and humanity. Let us not bring that confusion of face upon ourselves, as to
show our vices or unworthiness before them. Yet there is more, for they have by commandment (though in form of
courtesy) cloistered us within these walls for three days; who knoweth whether it be not to take some taste of our
manners and conditions? And if they find them bad, to banish us straightway; if good, to give us further time. For
these men that they have given us for attendance, may withal have an eye upon us. Therefore, for God’s love, and as we
love the weal of our souls and bodies, let us so behave ourselves as we may be at peace with God and may find grace in
the eyes of this people.”

Our company with one voice thanked me for my good admonition, and promised me to live soberly and civilly, and
without giving any the least occasion of offence. So we spent our three days joyfully, and without care, in expectation
what would be done with us when they were expired. During which time, we had every hour joy of the amendment of our
sick, who thought themselves cast into some divine pool of healing, they mended so kindly and so fast.

The morrow after our three days were past, there came to us a new man, that we had not seen before, clothed in blue
as the former was, save that his turban was white with a small red cross on top. He had also a tippet of fine linen. At
his coming in, he did bend to us a little, and put his arms abroad. We of our parts saluted him in a very lowly and
submissive manner; as looking that from him we should receive sentence of life or death. He desired to speak with some
few of us. Whereupon six of us only stayed, and the rest avoided the room. He said: “I am by office, governor of this
house of strangers, and by vocation, I am a Christian priest, and therefore am come to you to offer you my service,
both as strangers and chiefly as Christians. Some things I may tell you, which I think you will not be unwilling to
hear. The State hath given you license to stay on land for the space of six weeks; and let it not trouble you if your
occasions ask further time, for the law in this point is not precise; and I do not doubt but myself shall be able to
obtain for you such further time as shall be convenient. Ye shall also understand that the strangers’ house is at this
time rich and much aforehand; for it hath laid up revenue these thirty-seven years, for so long it is since any
stranger arrived in this part; and therefore take ye no care; the State will defray you all the time you stay. Neither
shall you stay one day the less for that. As for any merchandise you have brought, ye shall be well used, and have your
return, either in merchandise or in gold and silver, for to us it is all one. And if you have any other request to
make, hide it not; for ye shall find we will not make your countenance to fall by the answer ye shall receive. Only
this I must tell you, that none of you must go above a karan [that is with them a mile and a half] from the walls of
the city, without special leave.”

We answered, after we had looked awhile upon one another, admiring this gracious and parent-like usage, that we
could not tell what to say, for we wanted words to express our thanks; and his noble free offers left us nothing to
ask. It seemed to us that we had before us a picture of our salvation in heaven; for we that were awhile since in the
jaws of death, were now brought into a place where we found nothing but consolations. For the commandment laid upon us,
we would not fail to obey it, though it was impossible but our hearts should be inflamed to tread further upon this
happy and holy ground. We added that our tongues should first cleave to the roofs of our mouths ere we should forget
either this reverend person or this whole nation, in our prayers. We also most humbly besought him to accept of us as
his true servants, by as just a right as ever men on earth were bounden; laying and presenting both our persons and all
we had at his feet. He said he was a priest, and looked for a priest’s reward, which was our brotherly love and the
good of our souls and bodies. So he went from us, not without tears of tenderness in his eyes, and left us also
confused with joy and kindness, saying among ourselves that we were come into a land of angels, which did appear to us
daily, and prevent us with comforts, which we thought not of, much less expected.

The next day, about ten of the clock; the governor came to us again, and after salutations said familiarly that he
was come to visit us, and called for a chair and sat him down; and we, being some ten of us (the rest were of the
meaner sort or else gone abroad), sat down with him; and when we were set he began thus: “We of this island of Bensalem
(for so they called it in their language) have this: that by means of our solitary situation, and of the laws of
secrecy, which we have for our travellers, and our rare admission of strangers; we know well most part of the habitable
world, and are ourselves unknown. Therefore because he that knoweth least is fittest to ask questions it is more
reason, for the entertainment of the time, that ye ask me questions, than that I ask you.” We answered, that we humbly
thanked him that he would give us leave so to do. And that we conceived by the taste we had already, that there was no
worldly thing on earth more worthy to be known than the state of that happy land. But above all, we said, since that we
were met from the several ends of the world, and hoped assuredly that we should meet one day in the kingdom of heaven
(for that we were both parts Christians), we desired to know (in respect that land was so remote, and so divided by
vast and unknown seas from the land where our Saviour walked on earth) who was the apostle of that nation, and how it
was converted to the faith? It appeared in his face that he took great contentment in this our question; he said: “Ye
knit my heart to you by asking this question in the first place; for it showeth that you first seek the kingdom of
heaven; and I shall gladly, and briefly, satisfy your demand.

“About twenty years after the ascension of our Saviour it came to pass, that there was seen by the people of Renfusa
(a city upon the eastern coast of our island, within sight, the night was cloudy and calm), as it might be some mile in
the sea, a great pillar of light; not sharp, but in form of a column, or cylinder, rising from the sea, a great way up
toward heaven; and on the top of it was seen a large cross of light, more bright and resplendent than the body of the
pillar. Upon which so strange a spectacle, the people of the city gathered apace together upon the sands, to wonder;
and so after put themselves into a number of small boats to go nearer to this marvellous sight. But when the boats were
come within about sixty yards of the pillar, they found themselves all bound, and could go no further, yet so as they
might move to go about, but might not approach nearer; so as the boats stood all as in a theatre, beholding this light,
as a heavenly sign. It so fell out that there was in one of the boats one of the wise men of the Society of Saloman’s
House (which house, or college, my good brethren, is the very eye of this kingdom), who having awhile attentively and
devoutly viewed and contemplated this pillar and cross, fell down upon his face; and then raised himself upon his
knees, and lifting up his hands to heaven, made his prayers in this manner:

“’Lord God of heaven and earth; thou hast vouchsafed of thy grace, to those of our order to know thy works of
creation, and true secrets of them; and to discern, as far as appertaineth to the generations of men, between divine
miracles, works of nature, works of art and impostures, and illusions of all sorts. I do here acknowledge and testify
before this people that the thing we now see before our eyes is thy finger, and a true miracle. And forasmuch as we
learn in our books that thou never workest miracles, but to a divine and excellent end (for the laws of nature are
thine own laws, and thou exceedest them not but upon great cause), we most humbly beseech thee to prosper this great
sign, and to give us the interpretation and use of it in mercy; which thou dost in some part secretly promise, by
sending it unto us.’

“When he had made his prayer, he presently found the boat he was in movable and unbound; whereas all the rest
remained still fast; and taking that for an assurance of leave to approach, he caused the boat to be softly and with
silence rowed toward the pillar; but ere he came near it, the pillar and cross of light broke up, and cast itself
abroad, as it were, into a firmament of many stars, which also vanished soon after, and there was nothing left to be
seen but a small ark or chest of cedar, dry and not wet at all with water, though it swam; and in the fore end of it,
which was toward him, grew a small green branch of palm; and when the wise man had taken it with all reverence into his
boat, it opened of itself, and there were found in it a book and a letter, both written in fine parchment, and wrapped
in sindons of linen. The book contained all the canonical books of the Old and New Testament, according as you have
them (for we know well what the churches with you receive), and the Apocalypse itself; and some other books of the New
Testament, which were not at that time written, were nevertheless in the book. And for the letter, it was in these
words:

“’I, Bartholomew, a servant of the Highest, and apostle of Jesus Christ, was warned by an angel that appeared to me
in a vision of glory, that I should commit this ark to the floods of the sea. Therefore I do testify and declare unto
that people where God shall ordain this ark to come to land, that in the same day is come unto them salvation and
peace, and good-will from the Father, and from the Lord Jesus.’

“There was also in both these writings, as well the book as the letter, wrought a great miracle, conform to that of
the apostles, in the original gift of tongues. For there being at that time, in this land, Hebrews, Persians, and
Indians, besides the natives, everyone read upon the book and letter, as if they had been written in his own language.
And thus was this land saved from infidelity (as the remain of the old world was from water) by an ark, through the
apostolical and miraculous evangelism of St. Bartholomew.” And here he paused, and a mes senger came and called him
forth from us. So this was all that passed in that conference.

The next day the same governor came again to us immediately after dinner, and excused himself, saying that the day
be fore he was called from us somewhat abruptly, but now he would make us amends, and spend time with us; if we held
his company and conference agreeable. We answered that we held it so agreeable and pleasing to us, as we forgot both
dangers past, and fears to come, for the time we heard him speak; and that we thought an hour spent with him was worth
years of our former life. He bowed himself a little to us, and after we were set again, he said, “Well, the questions
are on your part.”

One of our number said, after a little pause, that there was a matter we were no less desirous to know than fearful
to ask, lest we might presume too far. But, encouraged by his rare humanity toward us (that could scarce think
ourselves strangers, being his vowed and professed servants), we would take the hardness to propound it; humbly
beseeching him, if he thought it not fit to be answered, that he would pardon it, though he rejected it. We said, we
well observed those his words, which he formerly spake, that this happy island, where we now stood, was known to few,
and yet knew most of the nations of the world, which we found to be true, considering they had the languages of Europe,
and knew much of our State and business; and yet we in Europe (notwithstanding all the remote discoveries and
navigations of this last age) never heard any of the least inkling or glimpse of this island. This we found wonderful
strange; for that all nations have interknowledge one of another, either by voyage into foreign parts, or by strangers
that come to them; and though the traveller into a foreign country doth commonly know more by the eye than he that
stayeth at home can by relation of the traveller; yet both ways suffice to make a mutual knowledge, in some degree, on
both parts. But for this island, we never heard tell of any ship of theirs that had been seen to arrive upon any shore
of Europe; no, nor of either the East or West Indies, nor yet of any ship of any other part of the world, that had made
return for them. And yet the marvel rested not in this. For the situation of it (as his lordship said) in the secret
conclave of such a vast sea might cause it. But then, that they should have knowledge of the languages, books, affairs,
of those that lie such a distance from them, it was a thing we could not tell what to make of; for that it seemed to us
a condition and propriety of divine powers and beings, to be hidden and unseen to others, and yet to have others open,
and as in a light to them.

At this speech the governor gave a gracious smile and said that we did well to ask pardon for this question we now
asked, for that it imported, as if we thought this land a land of magicians, that sent forth spirits of the air into
all parts, to bring them news and intelligence of other countries. It was answered by us all, in all possible
humbleness, but yet with a coun tenance taking knowledge, that we knew that he spake it but merrily. That we were apt
enough to think there was somewhat supernatural in this island, but yet rather as angelical than magical. But to let
his lordship know truly what it was that made us tender and doubtful to ask this question, it was not any such conceit,
but because we remembered he had given a touch in his former speech, that this land had laws of secrecy touching
strangers. To this he said, “You remember it aright; and therefore in that I shall say to you, I must reserve some
particulars, which it is not lawful for me to reveal, but there will be enough left to give you satisfaction.

“You shall understand (that which perhaps you will scarce think credible) that about 3,000 years ago, or somewhat
more, the navigation of the world (especially for remote voyages) was greater than at this day. Do not think with
yourselves, that I know not how much it is increased with you, within these threescore years; I know it well, and yet I
say, greater then than now; whether it was, that the example of the ark, that saved the remnant of men from the
universal deluge, gave men confidence to venture upon the waters, or what it was; but such is the truth. The
Phoenicians, and especially the Tyrians, had great fleets; so had the Carthaginians their colony, which is yet farther
west. Toward the east the shipping of Egypt, and of Palestine, was likewise great. China also, and the great Atlantis
(that you call America), which have now but junks and canoes, abounded then in tall ships. This island (as appeareth by
faithful registers of those times) had then 1,500 strong ships, of great content. Of all this there is with you sparing
memory, or none; but we have large knowledge thereof.

“At that time this land was known and frequented by the ships and vessels of all the nations before named. And (as
it cometh to pass) they had many times men of other countries, that were no sailors, that came with them; as Persians,
Chaldeans, Arabians, so as almost all nations of might and fame re sorted hither; of whom we have some stirps and
little tribes with us at this day. And for our own ships, they went sundry voyages, as well to your straits, which you
call the Pillars of Hercules, as to other parts in the Atlantic and Mediterranean seas; as to Paguin (which is the same
with Cambalaine) and Quinzy, upon the Oriental seas, as far as to the borders of the East Tartary.

“At the same time, and an age after or more, the inhabitants of the great Atlantis did flourish. For though the
narration and description which is made by a great man with you, that the descendants of Neptune planted there, and of
the magnificent temple, palace, city, and hill; and the manifold streams of goodly navigable rivers, which as so many
chains environed the same site and temple; and the several degrees of ascent, whereby men did climb up to the same, as
if it had been a Scala Coeli; be all poetical and fabulous; yet so much is true, that the said country of Atlantis, as
well that of Peru, then called Coya, as that of Mexico, then named Tyrambel, were mighty and proud kingdoms, in arms,
shipping, and riches; so mighty, as at one time, or at least within the space of ten years, they both made two great
expeditions; they of Tyrambel through the Atlantic to the Mediterranean Sea; and they of Coya, through the South Sea
upon this our island; and for the former of these, which was into Europe, the same author among you, as it seemeth, had
some relation from the Egyptian priest, whom he citeth. For assuredly, such a thing there was. But whether it were the
ancient Athenians that had the glory of the repulse and resistance of those forces, I can say nothing; but certain it
is there never came back either ship or man from that voyage. Neither had the other voyage of those of Coya upon us had
better fortune, if they had not met with enemies of greater clem ency. For the King of this island, by name Altabin, a
wise man and a great warrior, knowing well both his own strength and that of his enemies, handled the matter so as he
cut off their land forces from their ships, and entoiled both their navy and their camp with a greater power than
theirs, both by sea and land; and compelled them to render themselves without striking a stroke; and after they were at
his mercy, contenting himself only with their oath, that they should no more bear arms against him, dismissed them all
in safety.

“But the divine revenge overtook not long after those proud enterprises. For within less than the space of 100 years
the Great Atlantis was utterly lost and destroyed; not by a great earthquake, as your man saith, for that whole tract
is little subject to earthquakes, but by a particular deluge, or inundation; those countries having at this day far
greater rivers, and far higher mountains to pour down waters, than any part of the old world. But it is true that the
same inundation was not deep, nor past forty foot, in most places, from the ground, so that although it destroyed man
and beast generally, yet some few wild inhabitants of the wood escaped. Birds also were saved by flying to the high
trees and woods. For as for men, although they had buildings in many places higher than the depth of the water, yet
that inundation, though it were shallow, had a long continuance, whereby they of the vale that were not drowned
perished for want of food, and other things necessary. So as marvel you not at the thin population of America, nor at
the rudeness and ignorance of the people; for you must account your inhabitants of America as a young people, younger a
thousand years at the least than the rest of the world, for that there was so much time between the universal flood and
their particular inundation.

“For the poor remnant of human seed which remained in their mountains, peopled the country again slowly, by little
and little, and being simple and a savage people (not like Noah and his sons, which was the chief family of the earth),
they were not able to leave letters, arts, and civility to their posterity; and having likewise in their mountainous
habitations been used, in respect of the extreme cold of those regions, to clothe themselves with the skins of tigers,
bears, and great hairy goats, that they have in those parts; when after they came down into the valley, and found the
intolerable heats which are there, and knew no means of lighter apparel, they were forced to begin the custom of going
naked, which continueth at this day. Only they take great pride and delight in the feathers of birds, and this also
they took from those their ancestors of the mountains, who were invited unto it, by the infinite flight of birds, that
came up to the high grounds, while the waters stood below. So you see, by this main accident of time, we lost our
traffic with the Americans, with whom of all others, in regard they lay nearest to us, we had most commerce. As for the
other parts of the world, it is most manifest that in the ages following (whether it were in respect of wars, or by a
natural revolu tion of time) navigation did everywhere greatly decay, and specially far voyages (the rather by the use
of galleys, and such vessels as could hardly brook the ocean) were altogether left and omitted. So then, that part of
intercourse which could be from other nations to sail to us, you see how it hath long since ceased; except it were by
some rare accident, as this of yours. But now of the cessation of that other part of intercourse, which might be by our
sailing to other nations, I must yield you some other cause. But I cannot say if I shall say truly, but our shipping,
for number, strength, mariners, pilots, and all things that appertain to navigation, is as great as ever; and therefore
why we should sit at home, I shall now give you an account by itself; and it will draw nearer, to give you
satisfaction, to your principal question.

“There reigned in this land, about 1,900 years ago, a King, whose memory of all others we most adore; not
superstitiously, but as a divine instrument, though a mortal man: his name was Salomana; and we esteem him as the
lawgiver of our nation. This King had a large heart, inscrutable for good; and was wholly bent to make his kingdom and
people happy. He, therefore, taking into consideration how sufficient and substantive this land was, to maintain itself
without any aid at all of the foreigner; being 5,000 miles in circuit, and of rare fertility of soil, in the greatest
part thereof; and finding also the shipping of this country might be plentifully set on work, both by fishing and by
transportations from port to port, and likewise by sailing unto some small islands that are not far from us, and are
under the crown and laws of this State; and recalling into his memory the happy and flourishing estate wherein this
land then was, so as it might be a thousand ways altered to the worse, but scarce any one way to the better; though
nothing wanted to his noble and heroical intentions, but only (as far as human foresight might reach) to give
perpetuity to that which was in his time so happily established, therefore among his other fundamental laws of this
kingdom he did ordain the interdicts and prohibitions which we have touching entrance of strangers; which at that time
(though it was after the calamity of America) was frequent; doubting novelties and commixture of man ners. It is true,
the like law against the admission of strangers without license is an ancient law in the Kingdom of China, and yet
continued in use. But there it is a poor thing; and hath made them a curious, ignorant, fearful, foolish nation. But
our lawgiver made his law of another temper. For first, he hath preserved all points of humanity, in taking order and
making provision for the relief of strangers distressed; whereof you have tasted.”

At which speech (as reason was) we all rose up and bowed ourselves. He went on: “That King also still desiring to
join humanity and policy together; and thinking it against humanity to detain strangers here against their wills, and
against policy that they should return and discover their knowledge of this estate, he took this course; he did ordain,
that of the strangers that should be permitted to land, as many at all times might depart as many as would; but as many
as would stay, should have very good conditions, and means to live from the State. Wherein he saw so far, that now in
so many ages since the prohibition, we have memory not of one ship that ever returned, and but of thirteen persons
only, at several times, that chose to return in our bottoms. What those few that returned may have reported abroad, I
know not. But you must think, whatsoever they have said, could be taken where they came but for a dream. Now for our
travelling from hence into parts abroad, our lawgiver thought fit altogether to restrain it. So is it not in China. For
the Chinese sail where they will, or can; which showeth, that their law of keeping out strangers is a law of
pusillanimity and fear. But this restraint of ours hath one only exception, which is admirable; preserving the good
which cometh by communicating with strangers, and avoiding the hurt: and I will now open it to you.

“And here I shall seem a little to digress, but you will by and by find it pertinent. Ye shall understand, my dear
friends, that among the excellent acts of that King, one above all hath the pre-eminence. It was the erection and
institution of an order, or society, which we call Saloman’s House, the noblest foundation, as we think, that ever was
upon the earth, and the lantern of this kingdom. It is dedicated to the study of the works and creatures of God. Some
think it beareth the founder’s name a little corrupted, as if it should be Solomon’s House. But the records write it as
it is spoken. So as I take it to be denominate of the King of the Hebrews, which is famous with you, and no strangers
to us; for we have some parts of his works which with you are lost; namely, that natural history which he wrote of all
plants, from the cedar of Libanus to the moss that groweth out of the wall; and of all things that have life and
motion. This maketh me think that our King finding himself to symbolize, in many things, with that King of the Hebrews,
which lived many years before him, honored him with the title of this foundation. And I am the rather induced to be of
this opinion, for that I find in ancient records, this order or society is sometimes called Solomon’s House, and
sometimes the College of the Six Days’ Works, whereby I am satisfied that our excellent King had learned from the
Hebrews that God had created the world and all that therein is within six days: and therefore he instituted that house,
for the finding out of the true nature of all things, whereby God might have the more glory in the workmanship of them,
and men the more fruit in their use of them, did give it also that second name.

“But now to come to our present purpose. When the King had forbidden to all his people navigation into any part that
was not under his crown, he made nevertheless this ordinance; that every twelve years there should be set forth out of
this kingdom, two ships, appointed to several voyages; that in either of these ships there should be a mission of three
of the fellows or brethren of Saloman’s House, whose errand was only to give us knowledge of the affairs and state of
those countries to which they were designed; and especially of the sciences, arts, manufactures, and inventions of all
the world; and withal to bring unto us books, instruments, and patterns in every kind: that the ships, after they had
landed the brethren, should return; and that the brethren should stay abroad till the new mis sion, the ships are not
otherwise fraught than with store of victuals, and good quantity of treasure to remain with the brethren, for the
buying of such things, and rewarding of such persons, as they should think fit. Now for me to tell you how the vulgar
sort of mariners are contained from being discovered at land, and how they must be put on shore for any time, color
themselves under the names of other nations, and to what places these voyages have been designed; and what places of
rendezvous are appointed for the new missions, and the like circum stances of the practice, I may not do it, neither is
it much to your desire. But thus you see we maintain a trade, not for gold, silver, or jewels, nor for silks, nor for
spices, nor any other commodity of matter; but only for God’s first creature, which was light; to have light, I say, of
the growth of all parts of the world.”

And when he had said this, he was silent, and so were we all; for indeed we were all astonished to hear so strange
things so probably told. And he perceiving that we were willing to say somewhat, but had it not ready, in great
courtesy took us off, and descended to ask us questions of our voyage and fortunes, and in the end concluded that we
might do well to think with ourselves what time of stay we would demand of the State, and bade us not to scant
ourselves; for he would procure such time as we desired. Whereupon we all rose up and presented ourselves to kiss the
skirt of his tippet, but he would not suffer us, and so took his leave. But when it came once among our people that the
State used to offer conditions to strangers that would stay, we had work enough to get any of our men to look to our
ship, and to keep them from going presently to the governor to crave conditions; but with much ado we restrained them,
till we might agree what course to take.

We took ourselves now for freemen, seeing there was no danger of our utter perdition, and lived most joyfully, going
abroad and seeing what was to be seen in the city and places adjacent, within our tedder; and obtaining acquaintance
with many of the city, not of the meanest quality, at whose hands we found such humanity, and such a freedom and desire
to take strangers, as it were, into their bosom, as was enough to make us forget all that was dear to us in our own
countries, and continually we met with many things, right worthy of observation and relation; as indeed, if there be a
mirror in the world, worthy to hold men’s eyes, it is that country. One day there were two of our company bidden to a
feast of the family, as they call it; a most natural, pious, and reverend custom it is, showing that nation to be
compounded of all goodness. This is the manner of it; it is granted to any man that shall live to see thirty persons
descended of his body, alive together, and all above three years old, to make this feast, which is done at the cost of
the State. The father of the family, whom they call the tirsan, two days before the feast, taketh to him three of such
friends as he liketh to choose, and is assisted also by the governor of the city or place where the feast is
celebrated; and all the persons of the family, of both sexes, are summoned to attend him. These two days the tirsan
sitteth in consultation, concerning the good estate of the family. There, if there be any discord or suits between any
of the family, they are compounded and appeased. There, if any of the family be distressed or decayed, order is taken
for their relief, and competent means to live. There, if any be subject to vice, or take ill-courses, they are reproved
and censured. So, likewise, direction is given touching marriages, and the courses of life which any of them should
take, with divers other the like orders and advices. The governor sitteth to the end, to put in execution, by his
public au thority, the decrees and orders of the tirsan, if they should be disobeyed, though that seldom needeth; such
reverence and obedience they give to the order of nature.

The tirsan doth also then ever choose one man from among his sons, to live in house with him, who is called ever
after the Son of the Vine. The reason will hereafter appear. On the feast day, the father, or tirsan, cometh forth
after divine service into a large room where the feast is celebrated; which room hath a half-pace at the upper end.
Against the wall, in the middle of the half-pace, is a chair placed for him, with a table and carpet before it. Over
the chair is a state, made round or oval and it is of ivy; an ivy somewhat whiter than ours, like the leaf of a
silver-asp, but more shining; for it is green all winter. And the state is curiously wrought with silver and silk of
divers colors, broiding or binding in the ivy; and is ever of the work of some of the daughters of the family, and
veiled over at the top, with a fine net of silk and silver. But the substance of it is true ivy; whereof after it is
taken down, the friends of the family are desirous to have some leaf or sprig to keep. The tirsan cometh forth with all
his generation or lineage, the males before him, and the females following him; and if there be a mother, from whose
body the whole lineage is descended, there is a traverse placed in a loft above on the right hand of the chair, with a
privy door, and a carved window of glass, leaded with gold and blue; where she sitteth, but is not seen.

When the tirsan is come forth, he sitteth down in the chair; and all the lineage place themselves against the wall,
both at his back, and upon the return of the half-pace, in order of their years) without difference of sex, and stand
upon their feet. When he is set, the room being always full of company, but well kept and without disorder, after some
pause there cometh in from the lower end of the room a taratan (which is as much as a herald), and on either side of
him two young lads: whereof one carrieth a scroll of their shining yellow parchment, and the other a cluster of grapes
of gold, with a long foot or stalk. The herald and children are clothed with mantles of sea-watergreen satin; but the
herald’s mantle is streamed with gold, and hath a train. Then the herald with three courtesies, or rather inclinations,
cometh up as far as the half-pace, and there first taketh into his hand the scroll. This scroll is the King’s charter,
containing gift of revenue, and many privileges, exemp tions, and points of honor, granted to the father of the family;
and it is ever styled and directed, “To such an one, our wellbeloved friend and creditor,” which is a title proper only
to this case. For they say, the King is debtor to no man, but for propagation of his subjects; the seal set to the
King’s charter is the King’s image, embossed or moulded in gold; and though such charters be expedited of course, and
as of right, yet they are varied by discretion, according to the number and dignity of the family. This charter the
herald readeth aloud; and while it is read, the father, or tirsan, standeth up, supported by two of his sons, such as
he chooseth.

Then the herald mounteth the half-pace, and delivereth the charter into his hand: and with that there is an
acclamation, by all that are present, in their language, which is thus much, “Happy are the people of Bensalem.” Then
the herald taketh into his hand from the other child the cluster of grapes, which is of gold; both the stalk, and the
grapes. But the grapes are daintily enamelled: and if the males of the family be the greater number, the grapes are
enamelled purple, with a little sun set on the top; if the females, then they are enamelled into a greenish yellow,
with a crescent on the top. The grapes are in num ber as many as there are descendants of the family. This golden
cluster the herald delivereth also to the tirsan; who presently delivereth it over to that son that he had formerly
chosen, to be in house with him: who beareth it before his father, as an ensign of honor, when he goeth in public ever
after; and is thereupon called the Son of the Vine. After this ceremony ended the father, or tirsan, retireth, and
after some time cometh forth again to dinner, where he sitteth alone under the state, as before; and none of his
descendants sit with him, of what degree or dignity so ever, except he hap to be of Saloman’s House. He is served only
by his own children, such as are male; who perform unto him all service of the table upon the knee, and the women only
stand about him, leaning against the wall. The room below his half-pace hath tables on the sides for the guests that
are bidden; who are served with great and comely order; and toward the end of dinner (which in the greatest feasts with
them lasteth never above an hour and a half) there is a hymn sung, varied according to the invention of him that
composeth it (for they have excellent poesy), but the subject of it is always the praises of Adam, and Noah, and
Abraham; whereof the former two peopled the world, and the last was the father of the faithful: concluding ever with a
thanksgiving for the nativity of our Saviour, in whose birth the births of all are only blessed.

Dinner being done, the tirsan retireth again; and having withdrawn himself alone into a place, where he maketh some
private prayers, he cometh forth the third time, to give the blessing; with all his descendants, who stand about him as
at the first. Then he calleth them forth by one and by one, by name as he pleaseth, though seldom the order of age be
inverted. The person that is called (the table being before removed) kneeleth down before the chair, and the father
layeth his hand upon his head, or her head, and giveth the blessing in these words: “Son of Bensalem (or daughter of
Bensalem), thy father saith it; the man by whom thou hast breath and life speaketh the word; the blessing of the
everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace, and the Holy Dove be upon thee, and make the days of thy pilgrimage good and
many.” This he saith to every of them; and that done, if there be any of his sons of eminent merit and virtue, so they
be not above two, he calleth for them again, and saith, laying his arm over their shoulders, they standing: “Sons, it
is well you are born, give God the praise, and persevere to the end;” and withal delivereth to either of them a jewel,
made in the figure of an ear of wheat, which they ever after wear in the front of their turban, or hat; this done, they
fall to music and dances, and other recreations, after their manner, for the rest of the day. This is the full order of
that feast.

By that time six or seven days were spent, I was fallen into straight acquaintance with a merchant of that city,
whose name was Joabin. He was a Jew and circumcised; for they have some few stirps of Jews yet remaining among them,
whom they leave to their own religion. Which they may the better do, because they are of a far differing disposition
from the Jews in other parts. For whereas they hate the name of Christ, and have a secret inbred rancor against the
people among whom they live; these, contrariwise, give unto our Saviour many high attributes, and love the nation of
Bensalem extremely. Surely this man of whom I speak would ever acknowledge that Christ was born of a Virgin; and that
he was more than a man; and he would tell how God made him ruler of the seraphim, which guard his throne; and they call
him also the Milken Way, and the Eliah of the Messiah, and many other high names, which though they be inferior to his
divine majesty, yet they are far from the language of other Jews. And for the country of Bensalem, this man would make
no end of commending it, being desirous by tradition among the Jews there to have it believed that the people thereof
were of the generations of Abraham, by another son, whom they call Nachoran; and that Moses by a secret cabala ordained
the laws of Bensalem which they now use; and that when the Messias should come, and sit in his throne at Hierusalem,
the King of Bensalem should sit at his feet, whereas other kings should keep a great distance. But yet setting aside
these Jewish dreams, the man was a wise man and learned, and of great policy, and excellently seen in the laws and
customs of that nation.

Among other discourses one day I told him, I was much affected with the relation I had from some of the company of
their custom in holding the feast of the family, for that, methought, I had never heard of a solemnity wherein nature
did so much preside. And because propagation of families proceedeth from the nuptial copulation, I desired to know of
him what laws and customs they had concerning marriage, and whether they kept marriage well, and whether they were tied
to one wife? For that where population is so much affected, and such as with them it seemed to be, there is commonly
permission of plurality of wives. To this he said:

“You have reason for to commend that excellent institution of the feast of the family; and indeed we have
experience, that those families that are partakers of the blessings of that feast, do flourish and prosper ever after,
in an extraordinary manner. But hear me now, and I will tell you what I know. You shall understand that there is not
under the heavens so chaste a nation as this of Bensalem, nor so free from all pollution or foulness. It is the virgin
of the world; I remember, I have read in one of your European books, of a holy hermit among you, that desired to see
the spirit of fornication, and there appeared to him a little foul ugly Ethiope; but if he had desired to see the
spirit of chastity of Bensalem, it would have appeared to him in the likeness of a fair beautiful cherub. For there is
nothing, among mortal men, more fair and admirable than the chaste minds of this people.

“Know, therefore, that with them there are no stews, no dissolute houses, no courtesans, nor anything of that kind.
Nay, they wonder, with detestation, at you in Europe, which permit such things. They say ye have put marriage out of
office; for marriage is ordained a remedy for unlawful concupiscence; and natural concupiscence seemeth as a spur to
marriage. But when men have at hand a remedy, more agreeable to their corrupt will, marriage is almost expulsed. And
therefore there are with you seen infinite men that marry not, but choose rather a libertine and impure single life,
than to be yoked in marriage; and many that do marry, marry late, when the prime and strength of their years are past.
And when they do marry, what is marriage to them but a very bargain; wherein is sought alliance, or portion, or
reputation, with some desire (almost indifferent) of issue; and not the faithful nuptial union of man and wife, that
was first instituted. Neither is it possible that those that have cast away so basely so much of their strength, should
greatly esteem children (being of the same matter) as chaste men do. So likewise during marriage is the case much
amended, as it ought to be if those things were tolerated only for necessity; no, but they remain still as a very
affront to marriage.

“The haunting of those dissolute places, or resort to courtesans, are no more punished in married men than in
bachelors. And the depraved custom of change, and the delight in meretricious embracements (where sin is turned into
art), maketh marriage a dull thing, and a kind of imposition or tax. They hear you defend these things, as done to
avoid greater evils; as advoutries, deflowering of virgins, unnatural lust, and the like. But they say this is a
preposterous wisdom; and they call it Lot’s offer, who to save his guests from abusing, offered his daughters; nay,
they say further, that there is little gained in this; for that the same vices and appetites do still remain and
abound, unlawful lust being like a furnace, that if you stop the flames altogether it will quench, but if you give it
any vent it will rage; as for masculine love, they have no touch of it; and yet there are not so faithful and inviolate
friendships in the world again as are there, and to speak generally (as I said before) I have not read of any such
chastity in any people as theirs. And their usual saying is that whosoever is unchaste cannot reverence himself; and
they say that the reverence of a man’s self, is, next religion, the chiefest bridle of all vices.”

And when he had said this the good Jew paused a little; whereupon I, far more willing to hear him speak on than to
speak myself; yet thinking it decent that upon his pause of speech I should not be altogether silent, said only this;
that I would say to him, as the widow of Sarepta said to Elias: “that he was come to bring to memory our sins; “and
that I confess the righteousness of Bensalem was greater than the righteousness of Europe. At which speech he bowed his
head, and went on this manner:

“They have also many wise and excellent laws, touching marriage. They allow no polygamy. They have ordained that
none do intermarry, or contract, until a month be past from their first interview. Marriage without consent of parents
they do not make void, but they mulct it in the inheritors; for the children of such marriages are not admitted to
inherit above a third part of their parents’ inheritance. I have read in a book of one of your men, of a feigned
commonwealth, where the married couple are permitted, before they contract, to see one another naked. This they
dislike; for they think it a scorn to give a refusal after so familiar knowledge; but because of many hidden defects in
men and women’s bodies, they have a more civil way; for they have near every town a couple of pools (which they call
Adam and Eve’s pools), where it is permitted to one of the friends of the man, and another of the friends of the woman,
to see them severally bathe naked.”

And as we were thus in conference, there came one that seemed to be a messenger, in a rich huke, that spake with the
Jew; whereupon he turned to me, and said, “You will pardon me, for I am commanded away in haste.” The next morning he
came to me again, joyful as it seemed, and said: “There is word come to the governor of the city, that one of the
fathers of Salomon’s House will be here this day seven-night; we have seen none of them this dozen years. His coming is
in state; but the cause of this coming is secret. I will provide you and your fellows of a good standing to see his
entry.” I thanked him, and told him I was most glad of the news.

The day being come he made his entry. He was a man of middle stature and age, comely of person, and had an aspect as
if he pitied men. He was clothed in a robe of fine black cloth and wide sleeves, and a cape: his under-garment was of
excellent white linen down to the foot, girt with a girdle of the same; and a sindon or tippet of the same about his
neck. He had gloves that were curious, and set with stone; and shoes of peach-colored velvet. His neck was bare to the
shoulders. His hat was like a helmet, or Spanish montero; and his locks curled below it decently; they were of color
brown. His heard was cut round and of the same color with his hair, somewhat lighter. He was carried in a rich chariot,
without wheels, litter-wise, with two horses at either end, richly trapped in blue velvet embroidered; and two footmen
on each side in the like attire. The chariot was all of cedar, gilt and adorned with crystal; save that the fore end
had panels of sapphires set in borders of gold, and the hinder end the like of emeralds of the Peru color. There was
also a sun of gold, radiant upon the top, in the midst; and on the top before a small cherub of gold, with wings
displayed. The chariot was covered with cloth-ofgold tissued upon blue. He had before him fifty attendants, young men
all, in white satin loose coats up to the mid-leg, and stockings of white silk; and shoes of blue velvet; and hats of
blue velvet, with fine plumes of divers colors, set round like hat-bands. Next before the chariot went two men,
bareheaded, in linen garments down to the foot, girt, and shoes of blue velvet, who carried the one a crosier, the
other a pastoral staff like a sheep-hook; neither of them of metal, but the crosier of balm-wood, the pastoral staff of
cedar. Horsemen he had none, neither before nor behind his chariot; as it seemeth, to avoid all tumult and trouble.
Behind his chariot went all the officers and principals of the companies of the city. He sat alone, upon cushions, of a
kind of excellent plush, blue; and under his foot curious carpets of silk of divers colors, like the Persian, but far
finer. He held up his bare hand, as he went, as blessing the people, but in silence. The street was wonderfully well
kept; so that there was never any army had their men stand in better battle-array than the people stood. The windows
likewise were not crowded, but everyone stood in them, as if they had been placed.

When the show was passed, the Jew said to me, “I shall not be able to attend you as I would, in regard of some
charge the city hath laid upon me for the entertaining of this great person.” Three days after the Jew came to me
again, and said: “Ye are happy men; for the father of Salomon’s House taketh knowledge of your being here, and
commanded me to tell you that he will admit all your company to his presence, and have private conference with one of
you, that ye shall choose; and for this hath appointed the next day after to-morrow. And because he meaneth to give you
his blessing, he hath appointed it in the forenoon.” We came at our day and hour, and I was chosen by my fellows for
the private access. We found him in a fair chamber, richly hanged, and carpeted under foot, without any degrees to the
state; he was set upon a low throne richly adorned, and a rich cloth of state over his head of blue satin embroidered.
He was alone, save that he had two pages of honor, on either hand one, finely attired in white. His undergarments were
the like that we saw him wear in the chariot; but instead of his gown, he had on him a mantle with a cape, of the same
fine black, fastened about him. When we came in, as we were taught, we bowed low at our first entrance; and when we
were come near his chair, he stood up, holding forth his hand ungloved, and in posture of blessing; and we every one of
us stooped down and kissed the end of his tippet. That done, the rest departed, and I remained. Then he warned the
pages forth of the room, and caused me to sit down beside him, and spake to me thus in the Spanish tongue:

“God bless thee, my son; I will give thee the greatest jewel I have. For I will impart unto thee, for the love of
God and men, a relation of the true state of Salomon’s House. Son, to make you know the true state of Salomon’s House,
I will keep this order. First, I will set forth unto you the end of our foundation. Secondly, the preparations and
instruments we have for our works. Thirdly, the several employments and functions whereto our fellows are assigned. And
fourthly, the ordinances and rites which we observe.

“The end of our foundation is the knowledge of causes, and secret motions of things; and the enlarging of the bounds
of human empire, to the effecting of all things possible.

“The preparations and instruments are these: We have large and deep caves of several depths; the deepest are sunk
600 fathoms; and some of them are digged and made under great hills and mountains; so that if you reckon together the
depth of the hill and the depth of the cave, they are, some of them, above three miles deep. For we find that the depth
of a hill and the depth of a cave from the flat are the same thing; both remote alike from the sun and heaven’s beams,
and from the open air. These caves we call the lower region. And we use them for all coagulations, indurations,
refrigerations, and conservations of bodies. We use them likewise for the imitation of natural mines and the producing
also of new artificial metals, by compositions and materials which we use and lay there for many years. We use them
also sometimes (which may seem strange) for curing of some diseases, and for prolongation of life, in some hermits that
choose to live there, well accommodated of all things necessary, and indeed live very long; by whom also we learn many
things.

“We have burials in several earths, where we put divers cements, as the Chinese do their porcelain. But we have them
in greater variety, and some of them more fine. We also have great variety of composts and soils, for the making of the
earth fruitful.

“We have high towers, the highest about half a mile in height, and some of them likewise set upon high mountains, so
that the vantage of the hill with the tower is in the highest of them three miles at least. And these places we call
the upper region, account the air between the high places and the low as a middle region. We use these towers,
according to their several heights and situations, for insulation, refrigeration, conservation, and for the view of
divers meteors — as winds, rain, snow, hail, and some of the fiery meteors also. And upon them in some places are
dwellings of hermits, whom we visit sometimes and instruct what to observe.

“We have great lakes, both salt and fresh, whereof we have use for the fish and fowl. We use them also for burials
of some natural bodies, for we find a difference in things buried in earth, or in air below the earth, and things
buried in water. We have also pools, of which some do strain fresh water out of salt, and others by art do turn fresh
water into salt. We have also some rocks in the midst of the sea, and some bays upon the shore for some works, wherein
are required the air and vapor of the sea. We have likewise violent streams and cataracts, which serve us for many
motions; and likewise engines for multiplying and enforcing of winds to set also on divers motions.

“We have also a number of artificial wells and fountains, made in imitation of the natural sources and baths, as
tincted upon vitriol, sulphur, steel, brass, lead, nitre, and other minerals; and again, we have little wells for
infusions of many things, where the waters take the virtue quicker and better than in vessels or basins. And among them
we have a water, which we call water of paradise, being by that we do it made very sovereign for health and
prolongation of life.

“We have also great and spacious houses, where we imitate and demonstrate meteors — as snow, hail, rain, some
artificial rains of bodies and not of water, thunders, lightnings; also generations of bodies in air — as frogs, flies,
and divers others.

“We have also certain chambers, which we call chambers of health, where we qualify the air as we think good and
proper for the cure of divers diseases and preservation of health.

“We have also fair and large baths, of several mixtures, for the cure of diseases, and the restoring of man’s body
from arefaction; and others for the confirming of it in strength of sinews, vital parts, and the very juice and
substance of the body.

“We have also large and various orchards and gardens, wherein we do not so much respect beauty as variety of ground
and soil, proper for divers trees and herbs, and some very spacious, where trees and berries are set, whereof we make
divers kinds of drinks, beside the vineyards. In these we practise likewise all conclusions of grafting, and
inoculating, as well of wild-trees as fruit-trees, which produceth many effects. And we make by art, in the same
orchards and gardens, trees and flowers, to come earlier or later than their seasons, and to come up and bear more
speedily than by their natural course they do. We make them also by art greater much than their nature; and their fruit
greater and sweeter, and of differing taste, smell, color, and figure, from their nature. And many of them we so order
as that they become of medicinal use.

“We have also means to make divers plants rise by mixtures of earths without seeds, and likewise to make divers new
plants, differing from the vulgar, and to make one tree or plant turn into another.

“We have also parks, and enclosures of all sorts, of beasts and birds; which we use not only for view or rareness,
but likewise for dissections and trials, that thereby may take light what may be wrought upon the body of man. Wherein
we find many strange effects: as continuing life in them, though divers parts, which you account vital, be perished and
taken forth; resuscitating of some that seem dead in appearance, and the like. We try also all poisons, and other
medicines upon them, as well of chirurgery as physic. By art likewise we make them greater or smaller than their kind
is, and contrariwise dwarf them and stay their growth; we make them more fruitful and bearing than their kind is, and
contrariwise barren and not generative. Also we make them differ in color, shape, activity, many ways. We find means to
make commixtures and copulations of divers kinds, which have produced many new kinds, and them not barren, as the
general opinion is. We make a number of kinds of serpents, worms, flies, fishes of putrefaction, whereof some are
advanced (in effect) to be perfect creatures, like beasts or birds, and have sexes, and do propagate. Neither do we
this by chance, but we know beforehand of what matter and commixture, what kind of those creatures will arise.

“We have also particular pools where we make trials upon fishes, as we have said before of beasts and birds.

“We have also places for breed and generation of those kinds of worms and flies which are of special use; such as
are with you your silkworms and bees.

“I will not hold you long with recounting of our brewhouses, bake-houses, and kitchens, where are made divers
drinks, breads, and meats, rare and of special effects. Wines we have of grapes, and drinks of other juice, of fruits,
of grains, and of roots, and of mixtures with honey, sugar, manna, and fruits dried and decocted; also of the tears or
wounding of trees and of the pulp of canes. And these drinks are of several ages, some to the age or last of forty
years. We have drinks also brewed with several herbs and roots and spices; yea, with several fleshes and white meats;
whereof some of the drinks are such as they are in effect meat and drink both, so that divers, especially in age, do
desire to live with them with little or no meat or bread. And above all we strive to have drinks of extreme thin parts,
to insinuate into the body, and yet without all biting, sharpness, or fretting; insomuch as some of them put upon the
back of your hand, will with a little stay pass through to the palm, and yet taste mild to the mouth. We have also
waters, which we ripen in that fashion, as they become nourishing, so that they are indeed excellent drinks, and many
will use no other. Bread we have of several grains, roots, and kernels; yea, and some of flesh, and fish, dried; with
divers kinds of leavings and seasonings; so that some do extremely move appetites, some do nourish so as divers do live
of them, without any other meat, who live very long. So for meats, we have some of them so beaten, and made tender, and
mortified, yet without all corrupting, as a weak heat of the stomach will turn them into good chilus, as well as a
strong heat would meat otherwise prepared. We have some meats also and bread, and drinks, which, taken by men, enable
them to fast long after; and some other, that used make the very flesh of men’s bodies sensibly more hard and tough,
and their strength far greater than otherwise it would be.

“We have dispensatories or shops of medicines; wherein you may easily think, if we have such variety of plants, and
living creatures, more than you have in Europe (for we know what you have), the simples, drugs, and ingredients of
medicines, must likewise be in so much the greater variety. We have them likewise of divers ages, and long
fermentations. And for their preparations, we have not only all manner of exquisite distillations, and separations, and
especially by gentle heats, and percolations through divers strainers, yea, and substances; but also exact forms of
composition, whereby they incorporate almost as they were natural simples.

“We have also divers mechanical arts, which you have not; and stuffs made by them, as papers, linen, silks, tissues,
dainty works of feathers of wonderful lustre, excellent dyes, and many others, and shops likewise as well for such as
are not brought into vulgar use among us, as for those that are. For you must know, that of the things before recited,
many of them are grown into use throughout the kingdom, but yet, if they did flow from our invention, we have of them
also for patterns and principals.

“We have also furnaces of great diversities, and that keep great diversity of heats; fierce and quick, strong and
constant, soft and mild, blown, quiet, dry, moist, and the like. But above all we have heats, in imitation of the sun’s
and heavenly bodies’ heats, that pass divers inequalities, and as it were orbs, progresses, and returns whereby we
produce admirable effects. Be sides, we have heats of dungs, and of bellies and maws of living creatures and of their
bloods and bodies, and of hays and herbs laid up moist, of lime unquenched, and such like. Instruments also which
generate heat only by motion. And farther, places for strong insulations; and, again, places under the earth, which by
nature or art yield heat. These divers heats we use as the nature of the operation which we intend requireth.

“We have also perspective houses, where we make demonstrations of all lights and radiations and of all colors; and
out of things uncolored and transparent we can represent unto you all several colors, not in rainbows, as it is in gems
and prisms, but of themselves single. We represent also all multiplications of light, which we carry to great distance,
and make so sharp as to discern small points and lines. Also all colorations of light: all delusions and deceits of the
sight, in figures, magnitudes, motions, colors; all demonstrations of shadows. We find also divers means, yet unknown
to you, of producing of light, originally from divers bodies. We procure means of seeing objects afar off, as in the
heaven and remote places; and represent things near as afar off, and things afar off as near; making feigned distances.
We have also helps for the sight far above spectacles and glasses in use; we have also glasses and means to see small
and minute bodies, perfectly and distinctly; as the shapes and colors of small flies and worms, grains, and flaws in
gems which cannot otherwise be seen, observations in urine and blood not otherwise to be seen. We make artificial
rainbows, halos, and circles about light. We represent also all manner of reflections, refractions, and multiplications
of visual beams of objects.

“We have also precious stones, of all kinds, many of them of great beauty and to you unknown, crystals likewise, and
glasses of divers kind; and among them some of metals vitrificated, and other materials, besides those of which you
make glass. Also a number of fossils and imperfect minerals, which you have not. Likewise loadstones of prodigious
virtue, and other rare stones, both natural and artificial.

“We have also sound-houses, where we practise and demonstrate all sounds and their generation. We have harmony which
you have not, of quarter-sounds and lesser slides of sounds. Divers instruments of music likewise to you unknown, some
sweeter than any you have; with bells and rings that are dainty and sweet. We represent small sounds as great and deep,
likewise great sounds extenuate and sharp; we make divers tremblings and warblings of sounds, which in their original
are entire. We represent and imitate all articulate sounds and letters, and the voices and notes of beasts and birds.
We have certain helps which, set to the ear, do further the hearing greatly; we have also divers strange and artificial
echoes, reflecting the voice many times, and, as it were, tossing it; and some that give back the voice louder than it
came, some shriller and some deeper; yea, some rendering the voice, differing in the letters or articulate sound from
that they receive. We have all means to convey sounds in trunks and pipes, in strange lines and distances.

“We have also perfume-houses, wherewith we join also practices of taste. We multiply smells which may seem strange:
we imitate smells, making all smells to breathe out of other mixtures than those that give them. We make divers
imitations of taste likewise, so that they will deceive any man’s taste. And in this house we contain also a
confiture-house, where we make all sweatmeats, dry and moist, and divers pleasant wines, milks, broths, and salads, far
in greater variety than you have.

“We have also engine-houses, where are prepared engines and instruments for all sorts of motions. There we imitate
and practise to make swifter motions than any you have, either out of your muskets or any engine that you have; and to
make them and multiply them more easily and with small force, by wheels and other means, and to make them stronger and
more violent than yours are, exceeding your greatest cannons and basilisks. We represent also ordnance and instruments
of war and engines of all kinds; and likewise new mixtures and compositions of gunpowder, wild-fires burning in water
and un quenchable, also fire-works of all variety, both for pleasure and use. We imitate also flights of birds; we have
some degrees of flying in the air. We have ships and boats for going under water and brooking of seas, also
swimming-girdles and supporters. We have divers curious clocks and other like motions of return, and some perpetual
motions. We imitate also motions of living creatures by images of men, beasts, birds, fishes, and serpents; we have
also a great number of other various motions, strange for equality, fineness, and subtilty.

“We have also a mathematical-house, where are represented all instruments, as well of geometry as astronomy,
exquisitely made.

“We have also houses of deceits of the senses, where we represent all manner of feats of juggling, false
apparitions, im postures and illusions, and their fallacies. And surely you will easily believe that we, that have so
many things truly natural which induce admiration, could in a world of particulars deceive the senses if we would
disguise those things, and labor to make them more miraculous. But we do hate all impostures and lies, insomuch as we
have severely forbidden it to all our fellows, under pain of ignominy and fines, that they do not show any natural work
or thing adorned or swelling, but only pure as it is, and without all affectation of strangeness.

“These are, my son, the riches of Salomon’s House.

“For the several employments and offices of our fellows, we have twelve that sail into foreign countries under the
names of other nations (for our own we conceal), who bring us the books and abstracts, and patterns of experiments of
all other parts. These we call merchants of light.

“We have three that collect the experiments which are in all books. These we call depredators.

“We have three that collect the experiments of all mechanical arts, and also of liberal sciences, and also of
practices which are not brought into arts. These we call mystery-men.

“We have three that try new experiments, such as themselves think good. These we call pioneers or miners.

“We have three that draw the experiments of the former four into titles and tables, to give the better light for the
drawing of observations and axioms out of them. These we call compilers. We have three that bend themselves, looking
into the experiments of their fellows, and cast about how to draw out of them things of use and practice for man’s life
and knowledge, as well for works as for plain demonstration of causes, means of natural divinations, and the easy and
clear discovery of the virtues and parts of bodies. These we call dowry-men or benefactors.

“Then after divers meetings and consults of our whole number, to consider of the former labors and collections, we
have three that take care out of them to direct new experiments, of a higher light, more penetrating into nature than
the former. These we call lamps.

“We have three others that do execute the experiments so directed, and report them. These we call inoculators.

“Lastly, we have three that raise the former discoveries by experiments into greater observations, axioms, and
aphorisms. These we call interpreters of nature.

“We have also, as you must think, novices and apprentices, that the succession of the former employed men do not
fail; besides a great number of servants and attendants, men and women. And this we do also: we have consultations,
which of the inventions and experiences which we have discovered shall be published, and which not; and take all an
oath of secrecy for the concealing of those which we think fit to keep secret; though some of those we do reveal
sometime to the State, and some not.

“For our ordinances and rites we have two very long and fair galleries. In one of these we place patterns and
samples of all manner of the more rare and excellent inventions; in the other we place the statues of all principal
inventors. There we have the statue of your Columbus, that discovered the West Indies, also the inventor of ships, your
monk that was the inventor of ordnance and of gunpowder, the inventor of music, the inventor of letters, the inventor
of printing, the inventor of observations of astronomy, the inventor of works in metal, the inventor of glass, the
inventor of silk of the worm, the inventor of wine, the inventor of corn and bread, the inventor of sugars; and all
these by more certain tradition than you have. Then we have divers inventors of our own, of excellent works; which,
since you have not seen) it were too long to make descriptions of them; and besides, in the right understanding of
those descriptions you might easily err. For upon every invention of value we erect a statue to the inventor, and give
him a liberal and honorable reward. These statues are some of brass, some of marble and touchstone, some of cedar and
other special woods gilt and adorned; some of iron, some of silver, some of gold.

“We have certain hymns and services, which we say daily, of laud and thanks to God for His marvellous works. And
forms of prayers, imploring His aid and blessing for the illumination of our labors; and turning them into good and
holy uses.

“Lastly, we have circuits or visits, of divers principal cities of the kingdom; where as it cometh to pass we do
publish such new profitable inventions as we think good. And we do also declare natural divinations of diseases,
plagues, swarms of hurtful creatures, scarcity, tempest, earthquakes, great inundations, comets, temperature of the
year, and divers other things; and we give counsel thereupon, what the people shall do for the prevention and remedy of
them.”

And when he had said this he stood up, and I, as I had been taught, knelt down; and he laid his right hand upon my
head, and said: “God bless thee, my son, and God bless this relation which I have made. I give thee leave to publish
it, for the good of other nations; for we here are in God’s bosom, a land unknown.” And so he left me; having assigned
a value of about 2,000 ducats for a bounty to me and my fellows. For they give great largesses, where they come, upon
all occasions.

[THE REST WAS NOT PERFECTED.]

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