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Kobayashi

...scientist who was a corecipient, with Yoichiro Nambu and Maskawa Toshihide, of the 2008 Nobel Prize for Physics. Kobayashi and Maskawa shared half the prize for their discovery of the origin of
broken symmetry, which created at least six quarks moments after the big bang.

Maskawa

...physicist who was a corecipient, with Yoichiro Nambu and Kobayashi Makoto, of the 2008 Nobel Prize for Physics. Maskawa and Kobayashi shared half the prize for their discovery of the origin of
broken symmetry, which created at least six quarks moments after the big bang.

Nambu

Japanese-born American physicist who was awarded, with Kobayashi Makoto and Maskawa Toshihide, the 2008 Nobel Prize for Physics. Nambu received half of the prize for his discovery of spontaneous
broken symmetry in subatomic physics, which explained why matter is much more common in the cosmos than antimatter. That theoretical research, which was mostly carried out in the 1950s, also helped earn...