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The results of the judiciary regarding other corruption cases show a similar picture: Although case numbers increased in 2009 and 2010, there was a significant drop in 2011.[77] In addition, there are very few high-level cases that reach court and many of those cases progress only very slowly in trial, with a disproportionately high number of acquittals.[78] Investigations into alleged corruption and abuse of office by magistrates have received a particularly weak response from the judiciary.[79]

No satisfactory explanation has been found why the available procedural possibilities to accelerate these emblematic cases have not been actively pursued by the judiciary.[80] The disappointing results at both the pre-trial and trial phases in the pursuit of high-level corruption can be largely attributed to systematic weaknesses that affect judicial efficiency in other areas – such as the legal framework, court jurisprudence, and the practice of prosecution and administrative control authorities.

2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply in the case of clinical trials which are accepted by the competent authorities following notification or authorisation in accordance with the legislation in force and which do not cause foodstuffs obtained from livestock participating in such trials to contain residues which constitute a hazard to human health.

· Establish and implement across the court system clear best practice guidelines regarding sentencing, case management and the consideration of evidence in criminal trials, with a particular emphasis on areas where shortcomings have already been identified, such as in the complex trials involving economic crimes and public procurement.

Given the key role to be played by Member States’ courts in scrutinising the respect of the Charter when Member States apply EU law, this report also provides an overview for the first time of the case law of national courts on the Charter.

Clinical trials in the paediatric population may require specific expertise, specific methodology and, in some cases, specific facilities and should be carried out by appropriately trained investigators.

In the case of such clinical trials carried out in third countries, the details listed in Article 11 of that Directive shall be entered into the database by the addressee of the Agency's decision on a paediatric investigation plan.

Each institution and body referred to in Article 141 of the Financial Regulation shall establish a trial balance covering all the accounts of the general accounts, including the accounts cleared during the year, with, in each case:

Compatibility with Article 47 (right to an effective remedy and fair trial) is fully ensured as the current provisions in the EU Blue Card related to the right to appeal in case the application is rejected, as well as to be notified the grounds for rejection, are maintained.

Since accession, the judiciary has been able to affirm its independence gradually, in particular through the successful investigation, prosecution and trial of an increasing number of high-level corruption cases.

Under the state of emergency, Turkey has further extended for certain offences the pre-trial detention to 30 days without access to a judge against ECtHR case law and an important part of the judiciary is subject to these measures.

To test the feasibility of establishing a transport information system to support policy making it was decided to launch under the 4th FP a practical trial application, the "Pilot for an Alpine Transport Information System (ATIS)".The work carried out through this pilot resulted in the creation of a potentially useful tool for policy which was shown to be capable of supporting decisions on infrastructure developments (e.g. in the case of TEN-T, Brenner corridor).

More generally, CVM reports had recommended a comprehensive analysis of why cases in the past had stalled or were unsuccessful, involving all the relevant government and judicial authorities.[31] Perceived problems like the use of expert evidence in court, insufficient witness protection and problems with evidence need to be looked at from the perspective of the police investigation, the prosecution and the trial phase if improvements are to follow.

1. The handling European Delegated Prosecutor may order or request the arrest or pre-trial detention of the suspect or accused person in accordance with the national law applicable in similar domestic cases.

The Permanent Chamber may decide not to merge such proceedings or decide to subsequently split such proceedings if this is in the interest of the efficiency of investigations, for example if proceedings against one suspect or accused person could be terminated at an earlier stage, whereas proceedings against other suspect or accused persons would still have to be continued, or if splitting the case could shorten the period of pre-trial detention of one of the suspects.

The European Delegated Prosecutors shall also be responsible for bringing a case to judgment, in particular have the power to present trial pleas, participate in taking evidence and exercise the available remedies in accordance with national law.

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