About Sarah Heroine of "Nili" -

Sarah Aaronsohn (January 5, 1890 – October 9, 1917) was a member of Nili, a ring of Jewish spies working for the British in World War I, and a sister of notable botanist Aaron Aaronsohn. Sometimes she is referred to as the "heroine of Nili."

Early life

Sarah was born and died in Zichron Yaakov, Israel, which at the time was a province of the Turkish-ruled Ottoman Empire. She lived briefly in Istanbul until 1915, when she returned home to Zichron Yaakov in December to escape an unhappy marriage.

Decision to spy

On her way from Istanbul to Haifa, Sarah personally witnessed the Armenian Genocide. In her testimony, she describes seeing hundreds of bodies of men, women and babies, sickened Armenians being loaded onto trains and a massacre of up to 5,000 Armenians by bounding them to a pyramid of thorns and setting it alight. Since her trip to Haifa, any allusions to Armenians got her into a fit of hysteria. According to Chaim Herzog, Sarah decided to assist British forces after she witnessed the Armenian genocide by the Ottomans in Anatolia.

Spy ring

Sarah, her brothers Aaron and Alex and their friend Absalom Feinberg formed and led Nili. Sarah oversaw operations of the spy-ring and passed information to British agents offshore. When Aaron Aaronsohn was away, she headed the spy operations in Palestine. Sometimes she travelled widely through Ottoman territory collecting information useful to the British, and brought it directly to them in Egypt. In 1917, Alex urged her to remain in British-controlled Egypt, expecting hostilities by Ottoman authorities. She nevertheless returned to Zichron Yaakov to continue Nili activities. Discovery and death

In September 1917, the Ottomans caught her carrier pigeon with a message to the British and decrypted the Nili code. In October, the Ottomans surrounded Zichron Yaakov and arrested numerous people, including Sarah. After four days of torture, she managed to shoot and kill herself with a pistol concealed on the premises to avoid further torture and to protect her colleagues.

In her last letter, she expressed her hope that her activities in Nili would bring nearer the realization of a Jewish national home for the Jews in Eretz Israel.

Sarah Aronson was one of the leaders of the Nili movement (an acronym for "Netzakh Yisrael Lo Yishaker", meaning "The Eternal One of Israel does not lie") that was created in 1916 when the Ottoman Empire ruled Israel. Nili was a pro-British, Jewish spy movement led by Aharon Aronson, his sister Sarah Aronson, and Avshalom Feinberg. They transmitted information to the British using homing pigeons and a British communications ship. This activity was discovered by the Turks, as a result of which its activists, including Sarah, were arrested. She was tortured by them and sacrificed her life by committing suicide at her home in Zichron Yakov to avoid divulging information and details of Nili's activities.