Introducing Ancient Rome

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Transcript of Introducing Ancient Rome

ROMEA n c i e n tSite for Rome was chosen becauseof it's geography.Geography of RomeAlong the Tiber RiverFertile SoilMediterranean SeaSeven hillsAlp Mountains to NorthThe First RomansLatins, Greeks and Etruscans compete for controlLatins originally settle in Rome (1000-500 BC)Etruscans and Greeks have great influence.Development of a Republic600 BC--Etruscan kings rule RomeKings build temples and public centers509 BC--Romans overthrow a cruel king

They found a REPUBLIC.RepublicA government system in which citizens elect leaders.Political and Social StrugglePatriciansWealthy landowning class that holds most powerPlebeiansArtisans, merchants, and farmers.Can vote, but cannot ruleTribunesElected representatives that protect plebeians' rights.Questions to Answerin your Notebook?1. Describe differences between how the rich and poor lived.2. "All roads lead to Rome" What is meant by this today?3. What is a tunic? What is a toga?Roman LawThe Twelve Tables451 BC- Officials carve Roman laws on twelve tablets.Become basis for later Roman law.Right of free citizens to protection of the lawCitizenship to adult male landownersTwelve Table hung in the ForumThe Republic (Government)Rome elects two CONSULS to direct government and the military.Senate--chosen from Roman patricians; makes foreign and domestic policy.Tribunes- assemblies that make laws for common peopleDictators--leaders appointed briefly in times of crisisAnswer in your notebook:1. What set Rome apart from other civilizations?2. What did Servius Tullius do that was important?3. What name did Tullius give to the representative assembly?End of Part OneRome's Success was a result of two factors:Trade NetworksMilitaryRome's Commercial NetworkEstablished a large trade networkMediterranean SeaCarthage--city state in North Africa; was Rome's commercial rival.The Roman ArmyFeared worldwideLegion--a military unit of 5,000 infantrymen; supported by cavalryArmy was key factor to Rome's greatnessIf you saw a large army marching toward you, how would you know it was the Roman Army?Roman ExpansionRome conquered the Etruscans in North and Greek city-states in the south.

Control Italian Peninsula by 265 BC.PUNIC WARSPunic WarsThree wars with Carthage between 264-146 BCRome defeats Carthage, wins Sicily in first 23 year war.HannibalCarthaginian generalAvenges defeat in Second Punic WarAttacks Italy though Spain and France; Roman general Scipio defeats Hannibal in 202 BCThird Punic War149-146 BCRome destroys Carthage, enslaves the peoplehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZrjXEomBXMCollapse of the RepublicEconomic TurmoilGap between rich and poor widensFarmers, former soldiers losing homesTwo reformers--Tiberius and Gaius murderedCivil War--conflict between groups within same country.Military UpheavalBecomes less disciplined and disloyalSoldiers recruited from poor; show loyalty to generals and not the Republic.Video Questions1. What is a Latifundia?2. What change did Marius make to the Roman Army?3. What is a triumvirate?4. Why was Julius Caesar popular with the poor?5. Why was Caesar murdered?Julius CaesarElected Consul in 59 BCWas part of a triumvirateMilitary victories gave him great popularity.Pompey challenges Caesar, who defeats his armies in Greece, Asia, Spain and Egypt.Named dictator for life in 44 BC.Reforms of CaesarGrants wider citizenshipCreates jobs for poorMarch 15, 44 BC--Caesar is murdered by a group of Senators.The RomanEmpireAfter Caesar's Death......Supporters of Caesar gain controlSECOND TRIUMVIRATESecond TriumvirateOctavian--Mark Antony--LipidusThe Alliance ends in jealousy and violence.31 BC-Mark Antony is defeated at ActiumOctavian would win the power struggle and accepts title of Augustus "Exalted One"Video QuestionName two things that were consideredwhen dividing the territory of Rome between these three men.August CaesarUnder Augustus, Rome moves to an empire.Roman Empire means a single ruler controls Romeand the Citizens lose their power.Pax Romana200 years of peace and prosperity.Augustus was Rome's most capable leader.He glorifies Rome with beautiful public buildings.Establishes a civil service to administer the empire.Video Questions:1. What is the purpose of the Civil Service?2. What were the accomplishments of the Emperors?3. Name two abusive emporers.Some Facts About RomeFarming was most importantindustry. 90% of Romans were farmers.Denarius--Roman coin that made trade easier.Vast trade network that included China and India.Amazing network of Roman roads linkingPersia, Russia, China, and the entire empire.Slavery--significant part of the empire. Some slaves become gladiators.Over 150 holidays and Colosseum events created to control the masses.