Qualcomm Inc. ’s negotiating room is shrinking fast as it tries to close the planned $47 billion purchase of NXP Semiconductors NV while fending off a record-setting hostile takeover bid from Broadcom Ltd. Over the next two weeks, Qualcomm is facing a series of events -- earnings, a shareholder meeting, and possibly a decision on Chinese regulatory approval -- that will likely force it into negotiations with NXP stockholders, a move it’s been slow to engage in...