This article argues that the role of Private Security Contractors in Darfur reflects and reinforces neo-liberal governmentality in contemporary security governance. It is an argument (in line with other articles in this special issue) which is more interested in discussing how the privatization of security alters security practices (including those involving states) than in thinking about their impact on an idealised public monopoly on the use of force. To make its point, the article begins by drawing on Foucauldian work to clarify the meaning of neo-liberal governmentality in security. It underlines that governance is increasingly taking place through a set of (quasi-) markets, it is marked by entrepreneurial values, and a hands off approach to governance. We then discuss the way this overall change is reflected in and reinforced by the role of private security contractors in Darfur. Drawing on a framework of analysis inspired by Bourdieu, we show that neo-liberal governmentality is reflected in the dispositions of security actors as well as in their relative positions. The resulting security practices reinforce dispositions and positions that reproduce neo-liberal governmentality. Looking at these processes is necessary to understand the role of private security contractors in Darfur. But more than this, practices in Darfur entrench neo-liberal governmentality in security more generally. The managerial and ‘de-politicizing’ approach to security in Darfur displaces alternative views not only in the Darfuri context. It is taken into other contexts where it bolsters neo-liberal governmentality. This spiralling neo-liberal governmentality rather than diminished state control and authority is, we argue, the most significant consequence of the presence of private security contractors in Darfur.

An unintended outcome of transition is the emergence of new forms of governance.
Stakeholders other than shareholders influence corporate management to a higher degree than
in mature market economies. Employees gained influence through ownership stakes or work
councils, while elsewhere investment funds or governmental authorities retain influence via
equity stakes or otherwise. This paper reviews privatisation and the newly created forms of
private ownership to document the evolution of stakeholder capitalism and to discuss the
opportunities and dangers that it may create for businesses in the region.

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The integration of private international security into Security Studies reflects the relatively recent nature of the market. The literature on the topic revolves around the basics of placing private international security on the agenda (1a); explaining and understanding the market (1b) and problematizing its relationship to central questions in international security (1c). The current trend in the field is to face the—still largely open—challenge of taking research further, both by completing, refining and updating current research efforts (2a) and by expanding and enriching the research agenda to more fully explore the politics of market development (2b). Paradoxically, as this entry concludes, this is leading scholars to abandon the focus on “privatization” and instead pushing them to formulate research agenda in new terms such as commercialization, commodification, governance or governmentality.

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Abstract:
The balance of payments of Greenland has special features due to an important current transfer,
bloktilskud, from Denmark. The trade balance does not exhibit a deficit of this order of magnitude
but comparison of the bloktilskud and the deficit is difficult as official figures are available for the
merchandise trade only. Figures for services are missing. However, guesses about the size of a
deficit in the services’ trade do not easily discard the impression of a large surplus on the current
account. Over a ten year period it is suggested that accumulated surpluses could be twice the level
of Greenland’s GDP. This seems unlikely, but the available data raise a puzzle that ought to be
addressed as it nourishes suspicion of unobserved accumulation of wealth.

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I discuss and compare alternative approaches to integrating bounded rationality with the theory
of economic organization, concentrating on the organizational capabilities approach, which is
strongly influenced by the works of Nelson and Winter, organizational economics, particularly
transaction cost economics, and, finally, a small subset of the literature on biases to judgment
and cognition. I argue that, contrary to the conventional view, both the organizational
capabilities approach and transaction cost economics treat bounded rationality rather “thinly,”
the former being in actuality more taken up with organizational routines than individual
boundedly rational behavior, the latter only invoking bounded rationality to the extent that it
helps explaining incompleteness of contracting. The rich literature on cognitive biases, etc.
suggests a “thick” approach to bounded rationality that may be helpful with respect to furthering
the theory of economic organization. Examples pertaining to the internal organization of firms
are provided.

Copenhagen Business School is happy to host the 5th Danish Human Computer Interaction Research Symposium. The aim of the symposium is to stimulate interaction between researchers from academia and industry through oral presentations and a keynote presentation. We received 17 paper contributions for the symposium, of which 14 were presented orally in four panel sessions. Previously the symposium has been held at University of Aarhus 2001, University of Copenhagen 2002, Roskilde University Center 2003, Aalborg University 2004. Torkil Clemmensen & Lene Nielsen Copenhagen, November 2005
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
DHRS 2005 – CONFERENCE PROGRAM
ABOUT THE KEYNOTE SPEAKER
EMOTION AS A CONSTRUCT IN HCI
Pradeep Yammiyavar
DESIGNING GAMES – BALANCING FUN AND SERIOUSNESS
Anne Marie Kanstrup & Ellen Christiansen
TRAPS & TRIGGERS -DESIGN FOR DISCUSSION
Rune Nielsen
EARLY EXPERIENCES FROM AN INSPIRATION CARD WORKSHOP
Kim Halskov Madsen & Peter Dalsgård
FASTTRACK SCROLLING: A FASTER AND MORE SATISFYING SCROLLING
INTERFACE FOR WEB BROWSERS
Søren Jakobsen
USING PERSONAS TO GUIDE ITERATIVE DEVELOPMENT
Anders Toxboe
"THEN THE PICTURE COMES IN YOUR MIND OF WHAT YOU HAVE SEEN ON TV" –
A STUDY OF PERSONAS DESCRIPTIONS AND USE
Lene Nielsen
DEALING WITH REALITY - IN THEORY
Gitte Skou Petersen
A NEW IFIP WORKING GROUP – HUMAN WORK INTERACTION DESIGN
Rikke Ørngreen, Torkil Clemmensen & Annelise Mark-Pejtersen
CLASSIFICATION OF DESCRIPTIONS USED IN SOFTWARE
AND INTERACTION DESIGN
Georg Strøm
OBSTACLES TO DESIGN IN VOLUNTEER BASED ORGANISATIONS
Olav W. Bertelsen & Pär-Ola Zander
PROCESS MANAGEMENT TOOLS IN HIGHER EDUCATION E-LEARNING – A NEW
RESEARCH AREA
Karin Tweddell Levinsen
FROM HANDICRAFT SCHOOL TO DESIGN UNIVERSITY
Eva Brandt
THE USE PROJECT: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN USABILITY EVALUATION
AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Als, B., Frøkjær, E., Hornbæk, K. , Høegh, R., Jensen, J., Nørgaard, M.,
Skov, M., Stage, J. & Uldall-Espersen, T.
BRIDGING BETWEEN IT AND THE ILLITERATE WORLD - RETHINKING HCI
Janni Nielsen

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We discuss strategic renewal from a competence perspective. We argue that the
management of speed and timing in this process is viewed distinctively when perceived
through a cognitive lens. Managers need more firmly grounded process-understanding. The
key idea of this paper is to dynamically conceptualize key activities of strategic renewal, and
possible sources of break-down as they relate to the managment of speed and timing. Based
on a case from the media industry, we identify managerial trade-offs and show how these
can be influenced through managing subjective perception, strategic involvement and
external knowledge-sourcing.

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The global economy is perpetually changing to a highly knowledge-based
economy in which services and especially knowledge-intensive services are
increasingly offshored (geographically relocated) to emerging market economies
such as India. This trend is interesting as for decades services had been
characterized as intangible, perishable, heterogeneous and inseparable from their
sources of origin making a geographic dispersion of service production and
consumption unimaginable. Thus, the geographic relocation of the services is
expected to infer organizational and operational reconfigurations also impacting
the service production. The thesis studies these reconfigurations by questioning:
how does offshoring impact on the production of services.
In order to capture the unique characteristics of services and provide a thorough
understanding of the phenomenon, detailed and dynamic analyses of activities and
actors through process perspectives are argued to be necessary. Process
perspectives allow studying relationships between actions and individual actors
from an organizational and operational angle. Two process perspectives are
applied in this thesis in three independent research papers. The first research paper
studies the offshoring process as a strategic and organizational change process that
leads to a misalignment of components of a services production system and
questions how this impact elicits a reconfiguration of the system.
The second and third paper investigates the offshored production process of
knowledge-intensive services with a focus on actors in the processes and their
activities. That is, the second paper questions how the increase of cognitive
distance between actors inferred by offshoring changes the production of the
services including costs and value outcomes. The third paper questions how
offshoring impacts client co-production, i.e. the transfer and co-creation of
knowledge, in a similarly designed service production process of knowledgeintensive
business services. Collectively, this research shows that process
perspectives on service offshoring are essential to study the impact of offshoring
on service production. It also allows an understanding on the importance of actors
and the causal links between them and activities.

This thesis is a study of processes of commercial artistic creation focusing on the practice of
processual strategy in a context of designed strategy. The thesis focuses on the practice of
processual strategy, seeing as strategy within the field is primarily understood and practised in a
designerly approach. This concerns constructivist and objective thinking which, according to
critical voices in organizationstudies, has difficulties explaining how strategic organisation creation
gains a processual character. This is the critique that comes from the more poststructuralist
positions in research on process theory and strategy, which in these years aims to move focus away
from the dominance of designed strategy. I.e. an approach to practice understood as methodological
individualism and pragmatic rationality (Chia & Holt 2009; Steyaert 2007; Stacey 2011; Hjorth
2012). Through recent poststructuralist currents in the field of processual strategy thinking and
organisational entrepreneurship, for example Chia & Holt’s creation philosophical research in
strategy without design and Steyaert’s (2007) thinking on the concept of entrepreneuring; the
process theoretical thinking of entrepreneurship and innovation, the aim is to look beyond
constructivist thinking of practice in order to understand processual dynamics in strategic work at
the level of the organisation. In relation to this thinking the present thesis provides an empirically
based discussion of processual strategy with an aim to contributing to the field of organisational
entrepreneurship.