Is it possible to have an objective understanding to the subatomic world of Quarks, Protons and Neutrons that fits in with the reality of our everyday life? The subatomic world of Quarks, Protons and Neutrons is very different to our everyday life with the flow of time with a future and a past! The link between the two seems to be the light photon oscillation or vibration. Light Photons are responsible for all electron and proton interactions everything we do in our everyday life from moving a mouse to control our computer to dancing upon a dance floor relies on the exchange of photon energy! This energy is shifting and changing electric and magnetic fields! This also represents the flow of positive and negative charge that had it origin with the positive Protons and negative electrons. Therefore we can see a link between the subatomic world and the fundamental nature of reality of everyday life!

published:16 Jun 2014

views:19810

Part one of a four part series on the fundamental forces (or interactions) of physics begins with the strong force or strong interaction - which on the small scale holds quarks together to form protons, neutrons and other hadron particles.
Like SciShow on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Follow SciShow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow

published:22 May 2012

views:737111

Hank continues our series on the four fundamental forces of physics by describing the weak interaction, which operates at an infinitesimally small scale to cause particle decay.
Watch the video on Strong Interaction: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yv3EMq2Dgq8
Like SciShow on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Follow SciShow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow
References:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html#c4
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html#c5

published:07 Jun 2012

views:535826

An atom is mostly empty space, but empty space is mostly not empty. The reason it looks empty is because electrons and photons don't interact with the stuff that is there, quark and gluon field fluctuations.
It actually takes energy to clear out space and make a true 'empty' vacuum. This seems incredibly counter-intuitive but we can make an analogy to a permanent magnet. When at low energies, like at room temperature, there is a magnetic field around the magnet due to the alignment of all the magnetic moments of the atoms. But if you add some energy to it by heating it, the particles gain thermal energy, which above the Curie temperature makes their magnetic moments randomly oriented and hence destroying the magnetic field. So in this case energy is needed to clear out the field, just as in the quantum vacuum.
Special thanks to ProfessorDerek Leinweber, find out more about his research here: http://bit.ly/ZZTKFP

published:30 Apr 2013

views:1422085

Although there’s no direct evidence of dark matter, things strongly suggest that it exist. Let’s explore the world of subatomic particles.
FollowJulian on Twitter: https://twitter.com/jhug00
Read More:
Scientists May Have Finally Detected A Dark MatterSignalhttp://www.iflscience.com/space/could-scientists-have-finally-detected-dark-matter-signal
“Could scientists have finally spotted a signal from dark matter—the elusive, theoretical substance that’s thought to make up much of the universe?”
Could Mystery Signal be First Detection of Dark Matter?
http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/could-mystery-signal-be-first-detection-of-dark-matter-140812.htm
“Through the analysis of light from distant galactic clusters, astronomers have detected a mysterious signal that they’re having a hard time explaining.”
Sterile neutrino
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterile_neutrino
“Sterile neutrinos (inert neutrinos) are hypothetical particles (neutral leptons – neutrinos) that do not interact via any of the fundamental interactions of the Standard Model except gravity.”
Regular Neutrinos
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino#Direct_detection
____________________
DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos twice daily.
Watch More DNews on TestTube http://testtube.com/dnews
Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel
DNews on Twitter http://twitter.com/dnews
Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez
TaraLong on Twitter https://twitter.com/TaraLongest
DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/DiscoveryNews
DNews on Google+ http://gplus.to/dnews
Discovery News http://discoverynews.com
Download the TestTube App: http://testu.be/1ndmmMq

published:18 Dec 2014

views:289619

http://www.facebook.com/ScienceReason ...The Standard Model of Particle Physics (Chapter 3): Up and Down Quarks
---
Please SUBSCRIBE to Science & Reason:
• http://www.youtube.com/Best0fScience
• http://www.youtube.com/ScienceTV
• http://www.youtube.com/FFreeThinker
---
STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS:
http://www.youtube.com/user/Best0fScience#g/c/4A8C50311C9F7369
1) First Second Of The Universe:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HXPYO5YFG0
2) Force And Matter:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5QXZ0__8VU
3) Quarks:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxQwkdu9WbE
4) Gluons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYPem05vpS4
5) Electrons, Protons And Neutrons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi91qyjuknM
6) Photons, Gravitons & Weak Bosons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHVC6F8SOFc
7) Neutrinos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7QAaH0oFNg
8) The Higgs Boson / The Higgs Mechanism:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_HrQVhgbeo
The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory of three of the four known fundamental interactions and the elementary particles that take part in these interactions. These particles make up all visible matter in the universe.
Every high energy physics experiment carried out since the mid-20th century has eventually yielded findings consistent with the Standard Model.
Still, the Standard Model falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions because it does not include gravitation, dark matter, or dark energy. It is not quite a complete description of leptons either, because it does not describe nonzero neutrino masses, although simple natural extensions do.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
---
UP QUARKS
The particle itself is a fundamental particle and is too small to be seen by any imaginable instrument of observation. So we instead represent the properties that allow the up quark to interact.
The central small dot represents the weak charge of the up quark. This charge entirely separate from electric charge gives rise to the Weak Nuclear Force. This force causes up quarks and down quarks to swap flavours and its typical range is much smaller than the diameter of a proton.
Surrounding that is a volume depicted as gold for the up quark. This represents the electric charge of the up quark, which has a positive charge of +2/3 units The electric charge is the generator of the Electromagnetic Force which has infinite range although the drop off in strength is pretty dramatic as we move away from the quark.
The larger volume of shifting red, green, and blue is meant to represent the color charge which generates the Strong Nuclear Force. This is the force that holds quarks together in a proton or neutron. And a residuum of this force holds the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of atoms. This force is a hundred times stronger than the Electromagnetic force, but its range is limited to about the size of a proton.
DOWN QUARKS
The particle itself is a fundamental particle and is too small to be seen by any imaginable instrument of observation. So we instead represent the properties that allow the down quark to interact.
The central small dot represents the weak charge of the down quark. This charge entirely separate from electric charge gives rise to the Weak Nuclear Force. This force causes the down quark to change into an up quark, and its typical range is much smaller than the diameter of a proton.
Surrounding that is a volume depicted as purple for the down quark. This represents the electric charge of the down quark, which has a negative charge of -1/3 units The electric charge is the generator of the Electromagnetic Force which has infinite range although the drop off in strength is pretty dramatic as we move away from the quark.
The larger volume of shifting red, green, and blue is meant to represent the color charge which generates the Strong Nuclear Force. This is the force that holds quarks together in a proton or neutron. And a residuum of this force holds the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of atoms. This force is a hundred times stronger than the Electromagnetic force, but its range is limited to about the size of a proton.
---
The CassiopeiaProject - making science simple!
The Cassiopeia Project is an effort to make high quality science videos available to everyone. If you can visualize it, then understanding is not far behind.
• http://www.cassiopeiaproject.com
.

published:10 Nov 2009

views:172079

The Higgs Boson is awesome but it's NOT responsible for most of your mass! Thanks to audible.com for supporting this episode: http://bit.ly/ZJ5Q6z
The Higgs mechanism is meant to account for the mass of everything, right? Well no, only the fundamental particles, which means that electrons derive their mass entirely from the Higgs interaction but protons and neutrons, made of quarks, do not. In fact the quark masses are so small that they only make up about 1% of the mass of the proton (and a similar fraction of the neutron). The rest of the mass comes from the energy in the gluon field. Gluons are massless, but there is so much energy in the field that by E=mc^2 there is a significant amount of mass there. This is where most of your mass comes from and the mass of virtually everything around you.
Thanks to ProfessorDerek Leinweber for his great images, animations and explanations. Check out his site to find out more: http://bit.ly/ZZTKFP

published:09 May 2013

views:1827673

An explanation of the range of particles in the families of quarks and leptons and an introduction to the way quarks exist together to make up other particles such as hadrons.
Free notes can be copied from here:
http://www.fizzics.org
A prequel video Bosons and Fermions for beginners is here
https://youtu.be/xNrTry27lC4

published:28 Mar 2014

views:111712

http://www.facebook.com/ScienceReason ...The Standard Model Of Particle Physics. This film was produced as part of the CERN/ATLAS multimedia contest internship.
---
Please SUBSCRIBE to Science & Reason:
• http://www.youtube.com/Best0fScience
• http://www.youtube.com/ScienceTV
• http://www.youtube.com/FFreeThinker
---
STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS:
http://www.youtube.com/user/Best0fScience#g/c/4A8C50311C9F7369
1) First Second Of The Universe:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HXPYO5YFG0
2) Force And Matter:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5QXZ0__8VU
3) Quarks:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxQwkdu9WbE
4) Gluons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYPem05vpS4
5) Electrons, Protons And Neutrons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi91qyjuknM
6) Photons, Gravitons & Weak Bosons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHVC6F8SOFc
7) Neutrinos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7QAaH0oFNg
8) The Higgs Boson / The Higgs Mechanism:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_HrQVhgbeo
---
The standard model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak and strong nuclear interactions which mediate the dynamics of the known subatomic particles. Developed throughout the early and middle 20th century, the current formulation was finalized in the mid 1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks. Since then, discoveries of the bottom quark (1977), the top quark (1995) and the tau neutrino (2000) have given credence to the standard model. Because of its success in explaining a wide variety of experimental results, the standard model is sometimes regarded as a theory of almost everything.
Still, the standard model falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions because it does not incorporate the physics of general relativity, such as gravitation and dark energy. The theory does not contain any viable dark matter particle that possesses all of the required properties deduced from observational cosmology. It also does not correctly account for neutrino oscillations (and their non-zero masses). Although the standard model is theoretically self-consistent, it has several unnatural properties giving rise to puzzles like the strong CP problem and the hierarchy problem.
Nevertheless, the standard model is important to theoretical and experimental particle physicists alike. For theoreticians, the standard model is a paradigm example of a quantum field theory, which exhibits a wide range of physics including spontaneous symmetry breaking, anomalies, non-perturbative behavior, etc. It is used as a basis for building more exotic models which incorporate hypothetical particles, extra dimensions and elaborate symmetries (such as supersymmetry) in an attempt to explain experimental results at variance with the Standard Model such as the existence of dark matter and neutrino oscillations. In turn, the experimenters have incorporated the standard model into simulators to help search for new physics beyond the standard model from relatively uninteresting background.
Recently, the standard model has found applications in other fields besides particle physics such as astrophysics and cosmology, in addition to nuclear physics.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
.

What isQuark? A quark is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei.

published:04 Dec 2015

views:754

This video will enable to to learn about particle physics, isotopes, electron structure, the complexities within the topic and the classification of particles.

Quark

A quark (/ˈkwɔːrk/ or /ˈkwɑːrk/) is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. Due to a phenomenon known as color confinement, quarks are never directly observed or found in isolation; they can be found only within hadrons, such as baryons (of which protons and neutrons are examples), and mesons. For this reason, much of what is known about quarks has been drawn from observations of the hadrons themselves.

Standard Model

The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions, as well as classifying all the subatomic particles known. It was developed throughout the latter half of the 20th century, as a collaborative effort of scientists around the world. The current formulation was finalized in the mid-1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks. Since then, discoveries of the top quark (1995), the tau neutrino (2000), and more recently the Higgs boson (2012), have given further credence to the Standard Model. Because of its success in explaining a wide variety of experimental results, the Standard Model is sometimes regarded as a "theory of almost everything".

Particle physics

Particle physics (also high energy physics) is the branch of physics that studies the nature of the particles that constitute matter (particles with mass) and radiation (massless particles). Although the word "particle" can refer to various types of very small objects (e.g. protons, gas particles, or even household dust), "particle physics" usually investigates the irreducibly smallest detectable particles and the irreducibly fundamental force fields necessary to explain them. By our current understanding, these elementary particles are excitations of the quantum fields that also govern their interactions. The currently dominant theory explaining these fundamental particles and fields, along with their dynamics, is called the Standard Model. Thus, modern particle physics generally investigates the Standard Model and its various possible extensions, e.g. to the newest "known" particle, the Higgs boson, or even to the oldest known force field, gravity.

The presence of this field, now believed to be confirmed, explains why some fundamental particles have mass when, based on the symmetries controlling their interactions, they should be massless. The existence of the Higgs field would also resolve several other long-standing puzzles, such as the reason for the weak force's extremely short range.

Is it possible to have an objective understanding to the subatomic world of Quarks, Protons and Neutrons that fits in with the reality of our everyday life? The subatomic world of Quarks, Protons and Neutrons is very different to our everyday life with the flow of time with a future and a past! The link between the two seems to be the light photon oscillation or vibration. Light Photons are responsible for all electron and proton interactions everything we do in our everyday life from moving a mouse to control our computer to dancing upon a dance floor relies on the exchange of photon energy! This energy is shifting and changing electric and magnetic fields! This also represents the flow of positive and negative charge that had it origin with the positive Protons and negative electrons. Therefore we can see a link between the subatomic world and the fundamental nature of reality of everyday life!

3:37

Strong Interaction: The Four Fundamental Forces of Physics #1a

Strong Interaction: The Four Fundamental Forces of Physics #1a

Strong Interaction: The Four Fundamental Forces of Physics #1a

Part one of a four part series on the fundamental forces (or interactions) of physics begins with the strong force or strong interaction - which on the small scale holds quarks together to form protons, neutrons and other hadron particles.
Like SciShow on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Follow SciShow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow

4:00

Weak Interaction: The Four Fundamental Forces of Physics #2

Weak Interaction: The Four Fundamental Forces of Physics #2

Weak Interaction: The Four Fundamental Forces of Physics #2

Hank continues our series on the four fundamental forces of physics by describing the weak interaction, which operates at an infinitesimally small scale to cause particle decay.
Watch the video on Strong Interaction: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yv3EMq2Dgq8
Like SciShow on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Follow SciShow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow
References:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html#c4
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html#c5

4:46

Empty Space is NOT Empty

Empty Space is NOT Empty

Empty Space is NOT Empty

An atom is mostly empty space, but empty space is mostly not empty. The reason it looks empty is because electrons and photons don't interact with the stuff that is there, quark and gluon field fluctuations.
It actually takes energy to clear out space and make a true 'empty' vacuum. This seems incredibly counter-intuitive but we can make an analogy to a permanent magnet. When at low energies, like at room temperature, there is a magnetic field around the magnet due to the alignment of all the magnetic moments of the atoms. But if you add some energy to it by heating it, the particles gain thermal energy, which above the Curie temperature makes their magnetic moments randomly oriented and hence destroying the magnetic field. So in this case energy is needed to clear out the field, just as in the quantum vacuum.
Special thanks to ProfessorDerek Leinweber, find out more about his research here: http://bit.ly/ZZTKFP

3:40

Subatomic Particles Explained In Under 4 Minutes

Subatomic Particles Explained In Under 4 Minutes

Subatomic Particles Explained In Under 4 Minutes

Although there’s no direct evidence of dark matter, things strongly suggest that it exist. Let’s explore the world of subatomic particles.
FollowJulian on Twitter: https://twitter.com/jhug00
Read More:
Scientists May Have Finally Detected A Dark MatterSignalhttp://www.iflscience.com/space/could-scientists-have-finally-detected-dark-matter-signal
“Could scientists have finally spotted a signal from dark matter—the elusive, theoretical substance that’s thought to make up much of the universe?”
Could Mystery Signal be First Detection of Dark Matter?
http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/could-mystery-signal-be-first-detection-of-dark-matter-140812.htm
“Through the analysis of light from distant galactic clusters, astronomers have detected a mysterious signal that they’re having a hard time explaining.”
Sterile neutrino
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterile_neutrino
“Sterile neutrinos (inert neutrinos) are hypothetical particles (neutral leptons – neutrinos) that do not interact via any of the fundamental interactions of the Standard Model except gravity.”
Regular Neutrinos
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino#Direct_detection
____________________
DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos twice daily.
Watch More DNews on TestTube http://testtube.com/dnews
Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel
DNews on Twitter http://twitter.com/dnews
Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez
TaraLong on Twitter https://twitter.com/TaraLongest
DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/DiscoveryNews
DNews on Google+ http://gplus.to/dnews
Discovery News http://discoverynews.com
Download the TestTube App: http://testu.be/1ndmmMq

4:04

Quarks | Standard Model Of Particle Physics

Quarks | Standard Model Of Particle Physics

Quarks | Standard Model Of Particle Physics

http://www.facebook.com/ScienceReason ...The Standard Model of Particle Physics (Chapter 3): Up and Down Quarks
---
Please SUBSCRIBE to Science & Reason:
• http://www.youtube.com/Best0fScience
• http://www.youtube.com/ScienceTV
• http://www.youtube.com/FFreeThinker
---
STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS:
http://www.youtube.com/user/Best0fScience#g/c/4A8C50311C9F7369
1) First Second Of The Universe:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HXPYO5YFG0
2) Force And Matter:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5QXZ0__8VU
3) Quarks:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxQwkdu9WbE
4) Gluons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYPem05vpS4
5) Electrons, Protons And Neutrons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi91qyjuknM
6) Photons, Gravitons & Weak Bosons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHVC6F8SOFc
7) Neutrinos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7QAaH0oFNg
8) The Higgs Boson / The Higgs Mechanism:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_HrQVhgbeo
The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory of three of the four known fundamental interactions and the elementary particles that take part in these interactions. These particles make up all visible matter in the universe.
Every high energy physics experiment carried out since the mid-20th century has eventually yielded findings consistent with the Standard Model.
Still, the Standard Model falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions because it does not include gravitation, dark matter, or dark energy. It is not quite a complete description of leptons either, because it does not describe nonzero neutrino masses, although simple natural extensions do.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
---
UP QUARKS
The particle itself is a fundamental particle and is too small to be seen by any imaginable instrument of observation. So we instead represent the properties that allow the up quark to interact.
The central small dot represents the weak charge of the up quark. This charge entirely separate from electric charge gives rise to the Weak Nuclear Force. This force causes up quarks and down quarks to swap flavours and its typical range is much smaller than the diameter of a proton.
Surrounding that is a volume depicted as gold for the up quark. This represents the electric charge of the up quark, which has a positive charge of +2/3 units The electric charge is the generator of the Electromagnetic Force which has infinite range although the drop off in strength is pretty dramatic as we move away from the quark.
The larger volume of shifting red, green, and blue is meant to represent the color charge which generates the Strong Nuclear Force. This is the force that holds quarks together in a proton or neutron. And a residuum of this force holds the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of atoms. This force is a hundred times stronger than the Electromagnetic force, but its range is limited to about the size of a proton.
DOWN QUARKS
The particle itself is a fundamental particle and is too small to be seen by any imaginable instrument of observation. So we instead represent the properties that allow the down quark to interact.
The central small dot represents the weak charge of the down quark. This charge entirely separate from electric charge gives rise to the Weak Nuclear Force. This force causes the down quark to change into an up quark, and its typical range is much smaller than the diameter of a proton.
Surrounding that is a volume depicted as purple for the down quark. This represents the electric charge of the down quark, which has a negative charge of -1/3 units The electric charge is the generator of the Electromagnetic Force which has infinite range although the drop off in strength is pretty dramatic as we move away from the quark.
The larger volume of shifting red, green, and blue is meant to represent the color charge which generates the Strong Nuclear Force. This is the force that holds quarks together in a proton or neutron. And a residuum of this force holds the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of atoms. This force is a hundred times stronger than the Electromagnetic force, but its range is limited to about the size of a proton.
---
The CassiopeiaProject - making science simple!
The Cassiopeia Project is an effort to make high quality science videos available to everyone. If you can visualize it, then understanding is not far behind.
• http://www.cassiopeiaproject.com
.

6:51

Your Mass is NOT From the Higgs Boson

Your Mass is NOT From the Higgs Boson

Your Mass is NOT From the Higgs Boson

The Higgs Boson is awesome but it's NOT responsible for most of your mass! Thanks to audible.com for supporting this episode: http://bit.ly/ZJ5Q6z
The Higgs mechanism is meant to account for the mass of everything, right? Well no, only the fundamental particles, which means that electrons derive their mass entirely from the Higgs interaction but protons and neutrons, made of quarks, do not. In fact the quark masses are so small that they only make up about 1% of the mass of the proton (and a similar fraction of the neutron). The rest of the mass comes from the energy in the gluon field. Gluons are massless, but there is so much energy in the field that by E=mc^2 there is a significant amount of mass there. This is where most of your mass comes from and the mass of virtually everything around you.
Thanks to ProfessorDerek Leinweber for his great images, animations and explanations. Check out his site to find out more: http://bit.ly/ZZTKFP

4:02

Quarks and leptons for beginners: from fizzics.org

Quarks and leptons for beginners: from fizzics.org

Quarks and leptons for beginners: from fizzics.org

An explanation of the range of particles in the families of quarks and leptons and an introduction to the way quarks exist together to make up other particles such as hadrons.
Free notes can be copied from here:
http://www.fizzics.org
A prequel video Bosons and Fermions for beginners is here
https://youtu.be/xNrTry27lC4

5:03

CERN: The Standard Model Of Particle Physics

CERN: The Standard Model Of Particle Physics

CERN: The Standard Model Of Particle Physics

http://www.facebook.com/ScienceReason ...The Standard Model Of Particle Physics. This film was produced as part of the CERN/ATLAS multimedia contest internship.
---
Please SUBSCRIBE to Science & Reason:
• http://www.youtube.com/Best0fScience
• http://www.youtube.com/ScienceTV
• http://www.youtube.com/FFreeThinker
---
STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS:
http://www.youtube.com/user/Best0fScience#g/c/4A8C50311C9F7369
1) First Second Of The Universe:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HXPYO5YFG0
2) Force And Matter:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5QXZ0__8VU
3) Quarks:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxQwkdu9WbE
4) Gluons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYPem05vpS4
5) Electrons, Protons And Neutrons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi91qyjuknM
6) Photons, Gravitons & Weak Bosons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHVC6F8SOFc
7) Neutrinos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7QAaH0oFNg
8) The Higgs Boson / The Higgs Mechanism:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_HrQVhgbeo
---
The standard model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak and strong nuclear interactions which mediate the dynamics of the known subatomic particles. Developed throughout the early and middle 20th century, the current formulation was finalized in the mid 1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks. Since then, discoveries of the bottom quark (1977), the top quark (1995) and the tau neutrino (2000) have given credence to the standard model. Because of its success in explaining a wide variety of experimental results, the standard model is sometimes regarded as a theory of almost everything.
Still, the standard model falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions because it does not incorporate the physics of general relativity, such as gravitation and dark energy. The theory does not contain any viable dark matter particle that possesses all of the required properties deduced from observational cosmology. It also does not correctly account for neutrino oscillations (and their non-zero masses). Although the standard model is theoretically self-consistent, it has several unnatural properties giving rise to puzzles like the strong CP problem and the hierarchy problem.
Nevertheless, the standard model is important to theoretical and experimental particle physicists alike. For theoreticians, the standard model is a paradigm example of a quantum field theory, which exhibits a wide range of physics including spontaneous symmetry breaking, anomalies, non-perturbative behavior, etc. It is used as a basis for building more exotic models which incorporate hypothetical particles, extra dimensions and elaborate symmetries (such as supersymmetry) in an attempt to explain experimental results at variance with the Standard Model such as the existence of dark matter and neutrino oscillations. In turn, the experimenters have incorporated the standard model into simulators to help search for new physics beyond the standard model from relatively uninteresting background.
Recently, the standard model has found applications in other fields besides particle physics such as astrophysics and cosmology, in addition to nuclear physics.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
.

Protons and Neutrons: Quark 3D Animation

What isQuark? A quark is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei.

2:35

Particle Physics: Quarks, Hadrons, Leptons and Bosons.

Particle Physics: Quarks, Hadrons, Leptons and Bosons.

Particle Physics: Quarks, Hadrons, Leptons and Bosons.

This video will enable to to learn about particle physics, isotopes, electron structure, the complexities within the topic and the classification of particles.

Is it possible to have an objective understanding to the subatomic world of Quarks, Protons and Neutrons that fits in with the reality of our everyday life? The subatomic world of Quarks, Protons and Neutrons is very different to our everyday life with the flow of time with a future and a past! The link between the two seems to be the light photon oscillation or vibration. Light Photons are responsible for all electron and proton interactions everything we do in our everyday life from moving a mouse to control our computer to dancing upon a dance floor relies on the exchange of photon energy! This energy is shifting and changing electric and magnetic fields! This also represents the flow of positive and negative charge that had it origin with the positive Protons and negative electrons. Th...

published: 16 Jun 2014

Strong Interaction: The Four Fundamental Forces of Physics #1a

Part one of a four part series on the fundamental forces (or interactions) of physics begins with the strong force or strong interaction - which on the small scale holds quarks together to form protons, neutrons and other hadron particles.
Like SciShow on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Follow SciShow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow

published: 22 May 2012

Weak Interaction: The Four Fundamental Forces of Physics #2

Hank continues our series on the four fundamental forces of physics by describing the weak interaction, which operates at an infinitesimally small scale to cause particle decay.
Watch the video on Strong Interaction: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yv3EMq2Dgq8
Like SciShow on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Follow SciShow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow
References:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html#c4
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html#c5

published: 07 Jun 2012

Empty Space is NOT Empty

An atom is mostly empty space, but empty space is mostly not empty. The reason it looks empty is because electrons and photons don't interact with the stuff that is there, quark and gluon field fluctuations.
It actually takes energy to clear out space and make a true 'empty' vacuum. This seems incredibly counter-intuitive but we can make an analogy to a permanent magnet. When at low energies, like at room temperature, there is a magnetic field around the magnet due to the alignment of all the magnetic moments of the atoms. But if you add some energy to it by heating it, the particles gain thermal energy, which above the Curie temperature makes their magnetic moments randomly oriented and hence destroying the magnetic field. So in this case energy is needed to clear out the field, just as i...

published: 30 Apr 2013

Subatomic Particles Explained In Under 4 Minutes

Although there’s no direct evidence of dark matter, things strongly suggest that it exist. Let’s explore the world of subatomic particles.
FollowJulian on Twitter: https://twitter.com/jhug00
Read More:
Scientists May Have Finally Detected A Dark MatterSignalhttp://www.iflscience.com/space/could-scientists-have-finally-detected-dark-matter-signal
“Could scientists have finally spotted a signal from dark matter—the elusive, theoretical substance that’s thought to make up much of the universe?”
Could Mystery Signal be First Detection of Dark Matter?
http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/could-mystery-signal-be-first-detection-of-dark-matter-140812.htm
“Through the analysis of light from distant galactic clusters, astronomers have detected a mysterious signal that they’re ...

Your Mass is NOT From the Higgs Boson

The Higgs Boson is awesome but it's NOT responsible for most of your mass! Thanks to audible.com for supporting this episode: http://bit.ly/ZJ5Q6z
The Higgs mechanism is meant to account for the mass of everything, right? Well no, only the fundamental particles, which means that electrons derive their mass entirely from the Higgs interaction but protons and neutrons, made of quarks, do not. In fact the quark masses are so small that they only make up about 1% of the mass of the proton (and a similar fraction of the neutron). The rest of the mass comes from the energy in the gluon field. Gluons are massless, but there is so much energy in the field that by E=mc^2 there is a significant amount of mass there. This is where most of your mass comes from and the mass of virtually everything arou...

published: 09 May 2013

Quarks and leptons for beginners: from fizzics.org

An explanation of the range of particles in the families of quarks and leptons and an introduction to the way quarks exist together to make up other particles such as hadrons.
Free notes can be copied from here:
http://www.fizzics.org
A prequel video Bosons and Fermions for beginners is here
https://youtu.be/xNrTry27lC4

Protons and Neutrons: Quark 3D Animation

What isQuark? A quark is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei.

published: 04 Dec 2015

Particle Physics: Quarks, Hadrons, Leptons and Bosons.

This video will enable to to learn about particle physics, isotopes, electron structure, the complexities within the topic and the classification of particles.

Is it possible to have an objective understanding to the subatomic world of Quarks, Protons and Neutrons that fits in with the reality of our everyday life? The...

Is it possible to have an objective understanding to the subatomic world of Quarks, Protons and Neutrons that fits in with the reality of our everyday life? The subatomic world of Quarks, Protons and Neutrons is very different to our everyday life with the flow of time with a future and a past! The link between the two seems to be the light photon oscillation or vibration. Light Photons are responsible for all electron and proton interactions everything we do in our everyday life from moving a mouse to control our computer to dancing upon a dance floor relies on the exchange of photon energy! This energy is shifting and changing electric and magnetic fields! This also represents the flow of positive and negative charge that had it origin with the positive Protons and negative electrons. Therefore we can see a link between the subatomic world and the fundamental nature of reality of everyday life!

Is it possible to have an objective understanding to the subatomic world of Quarks, Protons and Neutrons that fits in with the reality of our everyday life? The subatomic world of Quarks, Protons and Neutrons is very different to our everyday life with the flow of time with a future and a past! The link between the two seems to be the light photon oscillation or vibration. Light Photons are responsible for all electron and proton interactions everything we do in our everyday life from moving a mouse to control our computer to dancing upon a dance floor relies on the exchange of photon energy! This energy is shifting and changing electric and magnetic fields! This also represents the flow of positive and negative charge that had it origin with the positive Protons and negative electrons. Therefore we can see a link between the subatomic world and the fundamental nature of reality of everyday life!

Strong Interaction: The Four Fundamental Forces of Physics #1a

Part one of a four part series on the fundamental forces (or interactions) of physics begins with the strong force or strong interaction - which on the small sc...

Part one of a four part series on the fundamental forces (or interactions) of physics begins with the strong force or strong interaction - which on the small scale holds quarks together to form protons, neutrons and other hadron particles.
Like SciShow on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Follow SciShow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow

Part one of a four part series on the fundamental forces (or interactions) of physics begins with the strong force or strong interaction - which on the small scale holds quarks together to form protons, neutrons and other hadron particles.
Like SciShow on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Follow SciShow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow

Weak Interaction: The Four Fundamental Forces of Physics #2

Hank continues our series on the four fundamental forces of physics by describing the weak interaction, which operates at an infinitesimally small scale to caus...

Hank continues our series on the four fundamental forces of physics by describing the weak interaction, which operates at an infinitesimally small scale to cause particle decay.
Watch the video on Strong Interaction: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yv3EMq2Dgq8
Like SciShow on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Follow SciShow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow
References:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html#c4
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html#c5

Hank continues our series on the four fundamental forces of physics by describing the weak interaction, which operates at an infinitesimally small scale to cause particle decay.
Watch the video on Strong Interaction: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yv3EMq2Dgq8
Like SciShow on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Follow SciShow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow
References:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html#c4
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html#c5

Empty Space is NOT Empty

An atom is mostly empty space, but empty space is mostly not empty. The reason it looks empty is because electrons and photons don't interact with the stuff tha...

An atom is mostly empty space, but empty space is mostly not empty. The reason it looks empty is because electrons and photons don't interact with the stuff that is there, quark and gluon field fluctuations.
It actually takes energy to clear out space and make a true 'empty' vacuum. This seems incredibly counter-intuitive but we can make an analogy to a permanent magnet. When at low energies, like at room temperature, there is a magnetic field around the magnet due to the alignment of all the magnetic moments of the atoms. But if you add some energy to it by heating it, the particles gain thermal energy, which above the Curie temperature makes their magnetic moments randomly oriented and hence destroying the magnetic field. So in this case energy is needed to clear out the field, just as in the quantum vacuum.
Special thanks to ProfessorDerek Leinweber, find out more about his research here: http://bit.ly/ZZTKFP

An atom is mostly empty space, but empty space is mostly not empty. The reason it looks empty is because electrons and photons don't interact with the stuff that is there, quark and gluon field fluctuations.
It actually takes energy to clear out space and make a true 'empty' vacuum. This seems incredibly counter-intuitive but we can make an analogy to a permanent magnet. When at low energies, like at room temperature, there is a magnetic field around the magnet due to the alignment of all the magnetic moments of the atoms. But if you add some energy to it by heating it, the particles gain thermal energy, which above the Curie temperature makes their magnetic moments randomly oriented and hence destroying the magnetic field. So in this case energy is needed to clear out the field, just as in the quantum vacuum.
Special thanks to ProfessorDerek Leinweber, find out more about his research here: http://bit.ly/ZZTKFP

http://www.facebook.com/ScienceReason ...The Standard Model of Particle Physics (Chapter 3): Up and Down Quarks
---
Please SUBSCRIBE to Science & Reason:
• http://www.youtube.com/Best0fScience
• http://www.youtube.com/ScienceTV
• http://www.youtube.com/FFreeThinker
---
STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS:
http://www.youtube.com/user/Best0fScience#g/c/4A8C50311C9F7369
1) First Second Of The Universe:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HXPYO5YFG0
2) Force And Matter:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5QXZ0__8VU
3) Quarks:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxQwkdu9WbE
4) Gluons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYPem05vpS4
5) Electrons, Protons And Neutrons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi91qyjuknM
6) Photons, Gravitons & Weak Bosons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHVC6F8SOFc
7) Neutrinos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7QAaH0oFNg
8) The Higgs Boson / The Higgs Mechanism:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_HrQVhgbeo
The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory of three of the four known fundamental interactions and the elementary particles that take part in these interactions. These particles make up all visible matter in the universe.
Every high energy physics experiment carried out since the mid-20th century has eventually yielded findings consistent with the Standard Model.
Still, the Standard Model falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions because it does not include gravitation, dark matter, or dark energy. It is not quite a complete description of leptons either, because it does not describe nonzero neutrino masses, although simple natural extensions do.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
---
UP QUARKS
The particle itself is a fundamental particle and is too small to be seen by any imaginable instrument of observation. So we instead represent the properties that allow the up quark to interact.
The central small dot represents the weak charge of the up quark. This charge entirely separate from electric charge gives rise to the Weak Nuclear Force. This force causes up quarks and down quarks to swap flavours and its typical range is much smaller than the diameter of a proton.
Surrounding that is a volume depicted as gold for the up quark. This represents the electric charge of the up quark, which has a positive charge of +2/3 units The electric charge is the generator of the Electromagnetic Force which has infinite range although the drop off in strength is pretty dramatic as we move away from the quark.
The larger volume of shifting red, green, and blue is meant to represent the color charge which generates the Strong Nuclear Force. This is the force that holds quarks together in a proton or neutron. And a residuum of this force holds the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of atoms. This force is a hundred times stronger than the Electromagnetic force, but its range is limited to about the size of a proton.
DOWN QUARKS
The particle itself is a fundamental particle and is too small to be seen by any imaginable instrument of observation. So we instead represent the properties that allow the down quark to interact.
The central small dot represents the weak charge of the down quark. This charge entirely separate from electric charge gives rise to the Weak Nuclear Force. This force causes the down quark to change into an up quark, and its typical range is much smaller than the diameter of a proton.
Surrounding that is a volume depicted as purple for the down quark. This represents the electric charge of the down quark, which has a negative charge of -1/3 units The electric charge is the generator of the Electromagnetic Force which has infinite range although the drop off in strength is pretty dramatic as we move away from the quark.
The larger volume of shifting red, green, and blue is meant to represent the color charge which generates the Strong Nuclear Force. This is the force that holds quarks together in a proton or neutron. And a residuum of this force holds the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of atoms. This force is a hundred times stronger than the Electromagnetic force, but its range is limited to about the size of a proton.
---
The CassiopeiaProject - making science simple!
The Cassiopeia Project is an effort to make high quality science videos available to everyone. If you can visualize it, then understanding is not far behind.
• http://www.cassiopeiaproject.com
.

http://www.facebook.com/ScienceReason ...The Standard Model of Particle Physics (Chapter 3): Up and Down Quarks
---
Please SUBSCRIBE to Science & Reason:
• http://www.youtube.com/Best0fScience
• http://www.youtube.com/ScienceTV
• http://www.youtube.com/FFreeThinker
---
STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS:
http://www.youtube.com/user/Best0fScience#g/c/4A8C50311C9F7369
1) First Second Of The Universe:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HXPYO5YFG0
2) Force And Matter:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5QXZ0__8VU
3) Quarks:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxQwkdu9WbE
4) Gluons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYPem05vpS4
5) Electrons, Protons And Neutrons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi91qyjuknM
6) Photons, Gravitons & Weak Bosons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHVC6F8SOFc
7) Neutrinos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7QAaH0oFNg
8) The Higgs Boson / The Higgs Mechanism:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_HrQVhgbeo
The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory of three of the four known fundamental interactions and the elementary particles that take part in these interactions. These particles make up all visible matter in the universe.
Every high energy physics experiment carried out since the mid-20th century has eventually yielded findings consistent with the Standard Model.
Still, the Standard Model falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions because it does not include gravitation, dark matter, or dark energy. It is not quite a complete description of leptons either, because it does not describe nonzero neutrino masses, although simple natural extensions do.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
---
UP QUARKS
The particle itself is a fundamental particle and is too small to be seen by any imaginable instrument of observation. So we instead represent the properties that allow the up quark to interact.
The central small dot represents the weak charge of the up quark. This charge entirely separate from electric charge gives rise to the Weak Nuclear Force. This force causes up quarks and down quarks to swap flavours and its typical range is much smaller than the diameter of a proton.
Surrounding that is a volume depicted as gold for the up quark. This represents the electric charge of the up quark, which has a positive charge of +2/3 units The electric charge is the generator of the Electromagnetic Force which has infinite range although the drop off in strength is pretty dramatic as we move away from the quark.
The larger volume of shifting red, green, and blue is meant to represent the color charge which generates the Strong Nuclear Force. This is the force that holds quarks together in a proton or neutron. And a residuum of this force holds the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of atoms. This force is a hundred times stronger than the Electromagnetic force, but its range is limited to about the size of a proton.
DOWN QUARKS
The particle itself is a fundamental particle and is too small to be seen by any imaginable instrument of observation. So we instead represent the properties that allow the down quark to interact.
The central small dot represents the weak charge of the down quark. This charge entirely separate from electric charge gives rise to the Weak Nuclear Force. This force causes the down quark to change into an up quark, and its typical range is much smaller than the diameter of a proton.
Surrounding that is a volume depicted as purple for the down quark. This represents the electric charge of the down quark, which has a negative charge of -1/3 units The electric charge is the generator of the Electromagnetic Force which has infinite range although the drop off in strength is pretty dramatic as we move away from the quark.
The larger volume of shifting red, green, and blue is meant to represent the color charge which generates the Strong Nuclear Force. This is the force that holds quarks together in a proton or neutron. And a residuum of this force holds the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of atoms. This force is a hundred times stronger than the Electromagnetic force, but its range is limited to about the size of a proton.
---
The CassiopeiaProject - making science simple!
The Cassiopeia Project is an effort to make high quality science videos available to everyone. If you can visualize it, then understanding is not far behind.
• http://www.cassiopeiaproject.com
.

The Higgs Boson is awesome but it's NOT responsible for most of your mass! Thanks to audible.com for supporting this episode: http://bit.ly/ZJ5Q6z
The Higgs mechanism is meant to account for the mass of everything, right? Well no, only the fundamental particles, which means that electrons derive their mass entirely from the Higgs interaction but protons and neutrons, made of quarks, do not. In fact the quark masses are so small that they only make up about 1% of the mass of the proton (and a similar fraction of the neutron). The rest of the mass comes from the energy in the gluon field. Gluons are massless, but there is so much energy in the field that by E=mc^2 there is a significant amount of mass there. This is where most of your mass comes from and the mass of virtually everything around you.
Thanks to ProfessorDerek Leinweber for his great images, animations and explanations. Check out his site to find out more: http://bit.ly/ZZTKFP

The Higgs Boson is awesome but it's NOT responsible for most of your mass! Thanks to audible.com for supporting this episode: http://bit.ly/ZJ5Q6z
The Higgs mechanism is meant to account for the mass of everything, right? Well no, only the fundamental particles, which means that electrons derive their mass entirely from the Higgs interaction but protons and neutrons, made of quarks, do not. In fact the quark masses are so small that they only make up about 1% of the mass of the proton (and a similar fraction of the neutron). The rest of the mass comes from the energy in the gluon field. Gluons are massless, but there is so much energy in the field that by E=mc^2 there is a significant amount of mass there. This is where most of your mass comes from and the mass of virtually everything around you.
Thanks to ProfessorDerek Leinweber for his great images, animations and explanations. Check out his site to find out more: http://bit.ly/ZZTKFP

Quarks and leptons for beginners: from fizzics.org

An explanation of the range of particles in the families of quarks and leptons and an introduction to the way quarks exist together to make up other particles s...

An explanation of the range of particles in the families of quarks and leptons and an introduction to the way quarks exist together to make up other particles such as hadrons.
Free notes can be copied from here:
http://www.fizzics.org
A prequel video Bosons and Fermions for beginners is here
https://youtu.be/xNrTry27lC4

An explanation of the range of particles in the families of quarks and leptons and an introduction to the way quarks exist together to make up other particles such as hadrons.
Free notes can be copied from here:
http://www.fizzics.org
A prequel video Bosons and Fermions for beginners is here
https://youtu.be/xNrTry27lC4

http://www.facebook.com/ScienceReason ...The Standard Model Of Particle Physics. This film was produced as part of the CERN/ATLAS multimedia contest internship.
---
Please SUBSCRIBE to Science & Reason:
• http://www.youtube.com/Best0fScience
• http://www.youtube.com/ScienceTV
• http://www.youtube.com/FFreeThinker
---
STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS:
http://www.youtube.com/user/Best0fScience#g/c/4A8C50311C9F7369
1) First Second Of The Universe:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HXPYO5YFG0
2) Force And Matter:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5QXZ0__8VU
3) Quarks:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxQwkdu9WbE
4) Gluons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYPem05vpS4
5) Electrons, Protons And Neutrons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi91qyjuknM
6) Photons, Gravitons & Weak Bosons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHVC6F8SOFc
7) Neutrinos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7QAaH0oFNg
8) The Higgs Boson / The Higgs Mechanism:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_HrQVhgbeo
---
The standard model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak and strong nuclear interactions which mediate the dynamics of the known subatomic particles. Developed throughout the early and middle 20th century, the current formulation was finalized in the mid 1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks. Since then, discoveries of the bottom quark (1977), the top quark (1995) and the tau neutrino (2000) have given credence to the standard model. Because of its success in explaining a wide variety of experimental results, the standard model is sometimes regarded as a theory of almost everything.
Still, the standard model falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions because it does not incorporate the physics of general relativity, such as gravitation and dark energy. The theory does not contain any viable dark matter particle that possesses all of the required properties deduced from observational cosmology. It also does not correctly account for neutrino oscillations (and their non-zero masses). Although the standard model is theoretically self-consistent, it has several unnatural properties giving rise to puzzles like the strong CP problem and the hierarchy problem.
Nevertheless, the standard model is important to theoretical and experimental particle physicists alike. For theoreticians, the standard model is a paradigm example of a quantum field theory, which exhibits a wide range of physics including spontaneous symmetry breaking, anomalies, non-perturbative behavior, etc. It is used as a basis for building more exotic models which incorporate hypothetical particles, extra dimensions and elaborate symmetries (such as supersymmetry) in an attempt to explain experimental results at variance with the Standard Model such as the existence of dark matter and neutrino oscillations. In turn, the experimenters have incorporated the standard model into simulators to help search for new physics beyond the standard model from relatively uninteresting background.
Recently, the standard model has found applications in other fields besides particle physics such as astrophysics and cosmology, in addition to nuclear physics.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
.

http://www.facebook.com/ScienceReason ...The Standard Model Of Particle Physics. This film was produced as part of the CERN/ATLAS multimedia contest internship.
---
Please SUBSCRIBE to Science & Reason:
• http://www.youtube.com/Best0fScience
• http://www.youtube.com/ScienceTV
• http://www.youtube.com/FFreeThinker
---
STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS:
http://www.youtube.com/user/Best0fScience#g/c/4A8C50311C9F7369
1) First Second Of The Universe:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HXPYO5YFG0
2) Force And Matter:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5QXZ0__8VU
3) Quarks:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxQwkdu9WbE
4) Gluons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYPem05vpS4
5) Electrons, Protons And Neutrons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi91qyjuknM
6) Photons, Gravitons & Weak Bosons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHVC6F8SOFc
7) Neutrinos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7QAaH0oFNg
8) The Higgs Boson / The Higgs Mechanism:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_HrQVhgbeo
---
The standard model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak and strong nuclear interactions which mediate the dynamics of the known subatomic particles. Developed throughout the early and middle 20th century, the current formulation was finalized in the mid 1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks. Since then, discoveries of the bottom quark (1977), the top quark (1995) and the tau neutrino (2000) have given credence to the standard model. Because of its success in explaining a wide variety of experimental results, the standard model is sometimes regarded as a theory of almost everything.
Still, the standard model falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions because it does not incorporate the physics of general relativity, such as gravitation and dark energy. The theory does not contain any viable dark matter particle that possesses all of the required properties deduced from observational cosmology. It also does not correctly account for neutrino oscillations (and their non-zero masses). Although the standard model is theoretically self-consistent, it has several unnatural properties giving rise to puzzles like the strong CP problem and the hierarchy problem.
Nevertheless, the standard model is important to theoretical and experimental particle physicists alike. For theoreticians, the standard model is a paradigm example of a quantum field theory, which exhibits a wide range of physics including spontaneous symmetry breaking, anomalies, non-perturbative behavior, etc. It is used as a basis for building more exotic models which incorporate hypothetical particles, extra dimensions and elaborate symmetries (such as supersymmetry) in an attempt to explain experimental results at variance with the Standard Model such as the existence of dark matter and neutrino oscillations. In turn, the experimenters have incorporated the standard model into simulators to help search for new physics beyond the standard model from relatively uninteresting background.
Recently, the standard model has found applications in other fields besides particle physics such as astrophysics and cosmology, in addition to nuclear physics.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
.

Protons and Neutrons: Quark 3D Animation

What isQuark? A quark is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most s...

What isQuark? A quark is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei.

What isQuark? A quark is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei.

Is it possible to have an objective understanding to the subatomic world of Quarks, Protons and Neutrons that fits in with the reality of our everyday life? The subatomic world of Quarks, Protons and Neutrons is very different to our everyday life with the flow of time with a future and a past! The link between the two seems to be the light photon oscillation or vibration. Light Photons are responsible for all electron and proton interactions everything we do in our everyday life from moving a mouse to control our computer to dancing upon a dance floor relies on the exchange of photon energy! This energy is shifting and changing electric and magnetic fields! This also represents the flow of positive and negative charge that had it origin with the positive Protons and negative electrons. Therefore we can see a link between the subatomic world and the fundamental nature of reality of everyday life!

3:37

Strong Interaction: The Four Fundamental Forces of Physics #1a

Part one of a four part series on the fundamental forces (or interactions) of physics begi...

Strong Interaction: The Four Fundamental Forces of Physics #1a

Part one of a four part series on the fundamental forces (or interactions) of physics begins with the strong force or strong interaction - which on the small scale holds quarks together to form protons, neutrons and other hadron particles.
Like SciShow on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Follow SciShow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow

4:00

Weak Interaction: The Four Fundamental Forces of Physics #2

Hank continues our series on the four fundamental forces of physics by describing the weak...

Weak Interaction: The Four Fundamental Forces of Physics #2

Hank continues our series on the four fundamental forces of physics by describing the weak interaction, which operates at an infinitesimally small scale to cause particle decay.
Watch the video on Strong Interaction: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yv3EMq2Dgq8
Like SciShow on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Follow SciShow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow
References:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html#c4
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html#c5

4:46

Empty Space is NOT Empty

An atom is mostly empty space, but empty space is mostly not empty. The reason it looks em...

Empty Space is NOT Empty

An atom is mostly empty space, but empty space is mostly not empty. The reason it looks empty is because electrons and photons don't interact with the stuff that is there, quark and gluon field fluctuations.
It actually takes energy to clear out space and make a true 'empty' vacuum. This seems incredibly counter-intuitive but we can make an analogy to a permanent magnet. When at low energies, like at room temperature, there is a magnetic field around the magnet due to the alignment of all the magnetic moments of the atoms. But if you add some energy to it by heating it, the particles gain thermal energy, which above the Curie temperature makes their magnetic moments randomly oriented and hence destroying the magnetic field. So in this case energy is needed to clear out the field, just as in the quantum vacuum.
Special thanks to ProfessorDerek Leinweber, find out more about his research here: http://bit.ly/ZZTKFP

3:40

Subatomic Particles Explained In Under 4 Minutes

Although there’s no direct evidence of dark matter, things strongly suggest that it exist....

Quarks | Standard Model Of Particle Physics

http://www.facebook.com/ScienceReason ...The Standard Model of Particle Physics (Chapter 3): Up and Down Quarks
---
Please SUBSCRIBE to Science & Reason:
• http://www.youtube.com/Best0fScience
• http://www.youtube.com/ScienceTV
• http://www.youtube.com/FFreeThinker
---
STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS:
http://www.youtube.com/user/Best0fScience#g/c/4A8C50311C9F7369
1) First Second Of The Universe:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HXPYO5YFG0
2) Force And Matter:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5QXZ0__8VU
3) Quarks:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxQwkdu9WbE
4) Gluons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYPem05vpS4
5) Electrons, Protons And Neutrons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi91qyjuknM
6) Photons, Gravitons & Weak Bosons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHVC6F8SOFc
7) Neutrinos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7QAaH0oFNg
8) The Higgs Boson / The Higgs Mechanism:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_HrQVhgbeo
The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory of three of the four known fundamental interactions and the elementary particles that take part in these interactions. These particles make up all visible matter in the universe.
Every high energy physics experiment carried out since the mid-20th century has eventually yielded findings consistent with the Standard Model.
Still, the Standard Model falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions because it does not include gravitation, dark matter, or dark energy. It is not quite a complete description of leptons either, because it does not describe nonzero neutrino masses, although simple natural extensions do.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
---
UP QUARKS
The particle itself is a fundamental particle and is too small to be seen by any imaginable instrument of observation. So we instead represent the properties that allow the up quark to interact.
The central small dot represents the weak charge of the up quark. This charge entirely separate from electric charge gives rise to the Weak Nuclear Force. This force causes up quarks and down quarks to swap flavours and its typical range is much smaller than the diameter of a proton.
Surrounding that is a volume depicted as gold for the up quark. This represents the electric charge of the up quark, which has a positive charge of +2/3 units The electric charge is the generator of the Electromagnetic Force which has infinite range although the drop off in strength is pretty dramatic as we move away from the quark.
The larger volume of shifting red, green, and blue is meant to represent the color charge which generates the Strong Nuclear Force. This is the force that holds quarks together in a proton or neutron. And a residuum of this force holds the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of atoms. This force is a hundred times stronger than the Electromagnetic force, but its range is limited to about the size of a proton.
DOWN QUARKS
The particle itself is a fundamental particle and is too small to be seen by any imaginable instrument of observation. So we instead represent the properties that allow the down quark to interact.
The central small dot represents the weak charge of the down quark. This charge entirely separate from electric charge gives rise to the Weak Nuclear Force. This force causes the down quark to change into an up quark, and its typical range is much smaller than the diameter of a proton.
Surrounding that is a volume depicted as purple for the down quark. This represents the electric charge of the down quark, which has a negative charge of -1/3 units The electric charge is the generator of the Electromagnetic Force which has infinite range although the drop off in strength is pretty dramatic as we move away from the quark.
The larger volume of shifting red, green, and blue is meant to represent the color charge which generates the Strong Nuclear Force. This is the force that holds quarks together in a proton or neutron. And a residuum of this force holds the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of atoms. This force is a hundred times stronger than the Electromagnetic force, but its range is limited to about the size of a proton.
---
The CassiopeiaProject - making science simple!
The Cassiopeia Project is an effort to make high quality science videos available to everyone. If you can visualize it, then understanding is not far behind.
• http://www.cassiopeiaproject.com
.

6:51

Your Mass is NOT From the Higgs Boson

The Higgs Boson is awesome but it's NOT responsible for most of your mass! Thanks to audib...

Your Mass is NOT From the Higgs Boson

The Higgs Boson is awesome but it's NOT responsible for most of your mass! Thanks to audible.com for supporting this episode: http://bit.ly/ZJ5Q6z
The Higgs mechanism is meant to account for the mass of everything, right? Well no, only the fundamental particles, which means that electrons derive their mass entirely from the Higgs interaction but protons and neutrons, made of quarks, do not. In fact the quark masses are so small that they only make up about 1% of the mass of the proton (and a similar fraction of the neutron). The rest of the mass comes from the energy in the gluon field. Gluons are massless, but there is so much energy in the field that by E=mc^2 there is a significant amount of mass there. This is where most of your mass comes from and the mass of virtually everything around you.
Thanks to ProfessorDerek Leinweber for his great images, animations and explanations. Check out his site to find out more: http://bit.ly/ZZTKFP

4:02

Quarks and leptons for beginners: from fizzics.org

An explanation of the range of particles in the families of quarks and leptons and an intr...

Quarks and leptons for beginners: from fizzics.org

An explanation of the range of particles in the families of quarks and leptons and an introduction to the way quarks exist together to make up other particles such as hadrons.
Free notes can be copied from here:
http://www.fizzics.org
A prequel video Bosons and Fermions for beginners is here
https://youtu.be/xNrTry27lC4

5:03

CERN: The Standard Model Of Particle Physics

http://www.facebook.com/ScienceReason ... The Standard Model Of Particle Physics. This fil...

CERN: The Standard Model Of Particle Physics

http://www.facebook.com/ScienceReason ...The Standard Model Of Particle Physics. This film was produced as part of the CERN/ATLAS multimedia contest internship.
---
Please SUBSCRIBE to Science & Reason:
• http://www.youtube.com/Best0fScience
• http://www.youtube.com/ScienceTV
• http://www.youtube.com/FFreeThinker
---
STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS:
http://www.youtube.com/user/Best0fScience#g/c/4A8C50311C9F7369
1) First Second Of The Universe:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HXPYO5YFG0
2) Force And Matter:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5QXZ0__8VU
3) Quarks:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxQwkdu9WbE
4) Gluons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYPem05vpS4
5) Electrons, Protons And Neutrons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi91qyjuknM
6) Photons, Gravitons & Weak Bosons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHVC6F8SOFc
7) Neutrinos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7QAaH0oFNg
8) The Higgs Boson / The Higgs Mechanism:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_HrQVhgbeo
---
The standard model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak and strong nuclear interactions which mediate the dynamics of the known subatomic particles. Developed throughout the early and middle 20th century, the current formulation was finalized in the mid 1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks. Since then, discoveries of the bottom quark (1977), the top quark (1995) and the tau neutrino (2000) have given credence to the standard model. Because of its success in explaining a wide variety of experimental results, the standard model is sometimes regarded as a theory of almost everything.
Still, the standard model falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions because it does not incorporate the physics of general relativity, such as gravitation and dark energy. The theory does not contain any viable dark matter particle that possesses all of the required properties deduced from observational cosmology. It also does not correctly account for neutrino oscillations (and their non-zero masses). Although the standard model is theoretically self-consistent, it has several unnatural properties giving rise to puzzles like the strong CP problem and the hierarchy problem.
Nevertheless, the standard model is important to theoretical and experimental particle physicists alike. For theoreticians, the standard model is a paradigm example of a quantum field theory, which exhibits a wide range of physics including spontaneous symmetry breaking, anomalies, non-perturbative behavior, etc. It is used as a basis for building more exotic models which incorporate hypothetical particles, extra dimensions and elaborate symmetries (such as supersymmetry) in an attempt to explain experimental results at variance with the Standard Model such as the existence of dark matter and neutrino oscillations. In turn, the experimenters have incorporated the standard model into simulators to help search for new physics beyond the standard model from relatively uninteresting background.
Recently, the standard model has found applications in other fields besides particle physics such as astrophysics and cosmology, in addition to nuclear physics.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
.

7:44

Electrons, protons and neutrons - standard model of particle physics

Project Name: e-Content for undergraduate students of science in graduate programmes
Proje...

Protons and Neutrons: Quark 3D Animation

What isQuark? A quark is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei.

2:35

Particle Physics: Quarks, Hadrons, Leptons and Bosons.

This video will enable to to learn about particle physics, isotopes, electron structure, t...

4.2. HIGGS - The Theory of Weak Interactions...

Gluons: How color works in strong interactions...

It turns out that a theory explaining how we might detect parallel universes and prediction for the end of the world was proposed and completed by physicist Stephen Hawking shortly before he died ... &nbsp;. According to reports, the work predicts that the universe would eventually end when stars run out of energy ... ....

Article by WN.Com Correspondent Dallas DarlingIt wasn’t very long ago Republicans were accusing Democrats of either paying a few dollars to the homeless for votes or giving them a pack of cigarettes. But with Donald Trump, it’s obvious he paid $130,000 to an adult-film star in exchange for her silence last October and just before the general election ... Was the payment from his own account – or from a lawyer – or from campaign donations....

Britain must prove Russia’s involvement in the poisoning of the former double agent Sergei Skripal in the UK or apologise, the Kremlin has said. “Sooner or later these unsubstantiated allegations will have to be answered for. either backed up with the appropriate evidence or apologised for,” the presidential spokesman, Dmitry Peskov, said on Monday ... Sergei Skripal. Russia expels 23 UK diplomats as row deepens. Read more ... ....

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This year’s despatch from Moriond. Inconclusive LHCb data are already stimulating some strange new ideas... The talks quickly resumed, which I think Stephen would have approved of ... Read more ... One of them even unifies different classes of particle (leptons and quarks), describing the lepton as the “fourth colour” of a quark. We are used to the idea that quarks come in three (otherwise identical) copies ... Is the Standard Model isolated?....

It’s a near future detective story about investigating pedophilia and brutal murder in a virtual world “without consequence.” It’s another big little play produced by Quark, a company devoted to “small, essential” theatre ...Quark’s a poor company that embraces its poverty, leans hard on good material and the strongest tool in the theater-maker’s toolbox — imagination....

PARIS -- In his final years, the only thing connecting the brilliant physicist to the outside world was a couple of inches of frayed nerve in his cheek ... What he produced was a masterwork of popular science, one that guided a generation of enthusiasts through the esoteric world of anti-particles, quarks, and quantum theory ... ....

Author. The Associated Press Thu, 2018-03-15 03.00 ID. 1521072264687347700 PARIS. In his final years, the only thing connecting the brilliant physicist to the outside world was a couple of inches of frayed nerve in his cheek ... What he produced was a masterwork of popular science, one that guided a generation of enthusiasts through the esoteric world of anti-particles, quarks, and quantum theory ... Albans, northwest of the capital....

PARIS — In his final years, the only thing connecting the brilliant physicist to the outside world was a couple of inches of frayed nerve in his cheek ... What he produced was a masterwork of popular science, one that guided a generation of enthusiasts through the esoteric world of anti-particles, quarks, and quantum theory ... When he was diagnosed aged only 21, he was given only a few years to live ... “But one can’t help asking the question ... ....

PARIS (AP) — In his final years, the only thing connecting the brilliant physicist to the outside world was a couple of inches of frayed nerve in his cheek ... What he produced was a masterwork of popular science, one that guided a generation of enthusiasts through the esoteric world of anti-particles, quarks, and quantum theory ... When he was diagnosed aged only 21, he was given only a few years to live ... But it bothers me." ... .......

PARIS -- In his final years, the only thing connecting the brilliant physicist to the outside world was a couple of inches of frayed nerve in his cheek ... What he produced was a masterwork of popular science, one that guided a generation of enthusiasts through the esoteric world of anti-particles, quarks, and quantum theory ... When he was diagnosed aged only 21, he was given only a few years to live ... "But one can't help asking the question....

PARIS (AP) — In his final years, the only thing connecting the brilliant physicist to the outside world was a couple of inches of frayed nerve in his cheek. In this Aug ...Associated Press photo by J. Scott Applewhite, St. GeorgeNews ... What he produced was a masterwork of popular science, one that guided a generation of enthusiasts through the esoteric world of anti-particles, quarks and quantum theory ... ... George News ... George News ... Email ... .......

PARIS (AP) — In his final years, the only thing connecting the brilliant physicist to the outside world was a couple of inches of frayed nerve in his cheek ... What he produced was a masterwork of popular science, one that guided a generation of enthusiasts through the esoteric world of anti-particles, quarks, and quantum theory ... ....