We at Saddleback Publishing, Inc. are proud to introduce this
important supplement to your basal language arts curriculum.
Our goal in creating this series was twofold: to help on-level and
below-level students build their “word power” in short incremental
lessons, and to provide you, the teacher, with maximum flexibility
in deciding when and how to assign these exercises.
All lessons are reproducible. That makes them ideal for homework,
extra credit assignments, cooperative learning groups, or focused
drill practice for selected ESL or remedial students. A quick review
of the book’s Table of Contents will enable you to individualize
instruction according to the varied needs of your students.
Correlated to the latest research and current language arts
standards in most states, the instructional design of Building
Vocabulary Skills & Strategies is unusually comprehensive for
a supplementary program. All important concepts—ranging
from primary-level phonics to the nuances of connotation—
are thoroughly presented from the ground up. Traditional word
attack strategies and “getting meaning from context clues” are
dually emphasized.
As all educators know, assessment and evaluation of student
understanding and skill attainment is an ongoing process.
Here again, reproducible lessons are ideal in that they can
be used for both pre- and post-testing. We further suggest
that you utilize the blank back of every copied worksheet
for extra reinforcement of that lesson’s vocabulary; spelling
tests or short writing assignments are two obvious options.
You can use the Scope and Sequence chart at the back of
each book for recording your ongoing evaluations.

Where will you usually see and hear the formal words in the box? In
official documents and reports, literary works, and speeches. Use a
dictionary to look up any words you don’t know. Then write each word
next to the informal word below that has the same meaning.

Informal English is the language used in newspapers, on
television, and in most everyday conversations.

When talking to friends, most people use some slang expressions. Slang might be
vivid and interesting in speech, but it is not acceptable in formal or informal writing.

A.

Write a slang expression from the box that has the same meaning as the
boldface word or words. Hint: You will not use all the words in the box.

hangout

bimbo

batty

handle

bugs

chill

sleazy

ditzy

1. “Slim” was given that nickname ____________________ about 10 years ago.
2. My dad always pesters ____________________ me about doing my homework.
3. Her high-pitched laugh makes her sound silly ____________________.
4. Sara suggested that we stop working and relax ____________________ for a while.
5. That rundown ____________________ neighborhood looks very unappealing.
6. The burger place was a favorite gathering place ____________________ for kids
from our school.
7. Our eccentric ____________________ neighbor needs help from a psychiatrist.

B.

Use vowels (a, e, i, o, u ) to complete the words in the chart that have the
same meaning.

Here’s one way to make it easier to use a dictionary. Think of a dictionary as
being divided into three parts, or sections.

STUDENT DICTIONARY
• MORE THAN 200,000 clear,
concise definitions
• THOUSANDS of examples
of words in actual use
• UPDATED biographical and
geographical sections
• HUNDREDS of synonyms
and word histories
• FEATURES on usage, style,
spelling, and more!

A.

A

B

C

D

E

FGHIJKLMNOP

QRSTUVWX YZ

Flip the pages and you’ll see that these three sections are fairly equal in size.
So if you need to find a certain word, start looking in the appropriate section.
Circle the word that correctly completes each sentence.

1. The word ( dogmatic / mentor ) is in the second section of the dictionary.
2. The word vindicate is defined in the ( second / third ) section.
3. If you wanted to look up benevolent, you would turn to the ( first / second ) section.
4. The word ( prominent / erudite ) can be found in the first section of the dictionary.

B.

lapel
geology
erupt

You know that words defined in the dictionary (entry words) are listed in
alphabetical order. Practice your dictionary skills by listing the following words
in alphabetical order.
adjourn
cyclone
heifer

Look at the guide words at the top of page B. Then circle the word or words
that correctly complete(s) each sentence below.
1. Words that alphabetically fall
( between / outside ) the guide
words will appear on that page.
2. If you’re looking for the word
deactivate, you will have to turn
( back / forward ) a page or two.

C.

3. You ( will / will not ) find the word
daughter on page B.
4. You can probably find the word dart
on the page just ( before / after )
page B.

Did you know that a word’s definition is only one
part of a dictionary entry?

A dictionary entry lists inflected forms of the entry word. These forms include . . .

A.

PLURALS

VERB TENSES

COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

child / children
life / lives

see / saw / seeing
lie / lay / lying

easy / easier / easiest
bad / worse / worst

Check a dictionary if you need help spelling the plural of each word below.

1. agony _____________________________

4. mouse ____________________________

2. tomato ___________________________

5. thief ______________________________

3. father-in-law ______________________

6. radius ____________________________

B.

Check a dictionary if you need help completing the chart of verb tenses.

PRESENT TENSE

C.

PAST TENSE

PARTICIPLE

1. ____________________

➪

wrote

➪

writing

2. feed

➪

____________________

➪

feeding

3. go

➪

went

➪

____________________

4. ____________________

➪

sat

➪

sitting

A dictionary can help you identify the comparative and superlative forms of each
entry word. Circle the word or words that correctly complete(s) each sentence.

1. The superlative form of attractive is ( attractivest / most attractive ).
2. The comparative form of bored is ( border / more bored ).
3. The superlative form of few is ( fewer / fewest ).
4. The comparative form of colossal is ( more colossal / colossaler ).

Some words have more than one acceptable spelling. Remember that the
preferred spelling is always listed first in a dictionary entry. Complete the word
pairs below with either the preferred spelling or its less common alternate.

1. ____________________ / omelette

6. gladioluses / ____________________

2. octopuses / ____________________

7. ____________________/ make-up

3. ____________________ / larvas

8. hallelujah / ____________________

4. ____________________ / teepee
5. leveled / ____________________

B.
Some dictionaries include a word’s
etymology, or original source, before
or after its definition. Draw a line to
match each word with its origin.

1. anemone

a. from the Irish word seamrog, meaning “little clover”

2. castanets

b. named by Spanish dancers who saw that this
instrument looked like two chestnuts

3. catamaran

c. from two Latin words, unum (“one”) and
cornu (“horn”)

4. geranium

d. from the Tamil word katta-marran, meaning “tied
wood”

5. mercurial

e. from two Greek words, anemos (“wind”) and
mone (“habitation”)

6. shamrock

f. from Mercury, the fast messenger of the Roman
gods

7. unicorn

g. named for the crane, geranos in Greek, because its
seed pods look like a crane’s head

A word’s denotation is its literal meaning. The
connotation of the same word may be something
quite different.

A word’s connotation is its implied meaning.
Connotation arises from the ideas, emotions,
and experiences associated with the word.
Two words with nearly the same denotation
may have very different connotations.
EXAMPLE:
opponent (positive connotation, suggesting
a worthy competitor)
foe (negative connotation, suggesting
an enemy)

A.

Write P for positive or N for negative next to each word below.
9. _____ fantastic

1. _____ wretched

5. _____ humane

2. _____ unique

6. _____ sneaky

10. _____ snob

3. _____ survive

7. _____ spry

11. _____ valiant

4. _____ gangster

8. _____ embarrass

12. _____ wilt

B.

Words in the box are synonyms (with different connotations) of the words
below. Write the matching word from the box next to each word below.
Hint: You will not use all the words.
accumulate
bold

Here’s a chance to have some fun with some
interesting and unusual words.

To answer the questions, study the dictionary
definitions of the boldface words.
1. Would you use the word redolent or
refulgent to describe a pelargonium?
Explain your answer.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
2. In what countries would you find Qishm
and Qiqihar?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Would you rather have a voice that’s mellifluous or cacophonous? Why?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Would you go to a boutique to buy some borscht? Why or why not?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Would the words precursors, originators, and forebears be used to describe
your progenitors or your progeny? Explain your answer.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6. Who would make a better dinner companion—a gourmand or an epicure?
Why?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
7. Suppose you were in danger. Would you rather have someone ameliorate your
situation or exacerbate it?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

To answer the questions, look up the dictionary definitions of the boldface words.
1. Would someone deliver a eulogy for a
euglena? Explain why or why not.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
2. What do a hammada, a veldt, and a
steppe have in common?
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
3. In which country would you be likely to
find dolmades at an agora?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. What are some similarities and some differences between a
coati and an agouti?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Would you rather babysit a child who was obstreperous or
one who was amiable? Why?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6. When might you give an octogenarian a cymbidium?
Explain your answer.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
7. If you were a tyro, would you attempt to play a piano duet with a virtuoso?
Why or why not?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Remember that many English words have silent
letters. If you’re not sure how to pronounce a word,
look it up!

A.

Say each word aloud. Use a dictionary if necessary. Then cross out two words
in each group that do not have silent letters. Finally, write the silent letter you
see in the other two words. The first one has been done for you.
SILENT
LETTER

c

1. _____ inspect

scenic

2. _____ scheduling

wander

4. _____ water

fetch

5. _____ could

flap

wilt
often

talk

align

7. _____ buzz

numb

8. _____ knot

broken

9. _____ psychology

B.

showing

3. _____ blow

6. _____ gather

color

ascend
happy

honest

wrap
patted

tassel

sugar
amber

gnu
thumb

knitting

perhaps

mark

pseudonym

important

Think of a word with a silent letter that answers each question.
Write it on the line.
1. What dark color has a silent consonant? ____________________________________
2. Name a major organ in your body that has a silent letter. ____________________
3. Name a school subject that has a silent letter. _______________________________
4. What numbers between one and ten have a silent letter
or letters? __________________________________________________________________
5. What’s another word for climb down, sink, or slip? __________________________

To complete the sentences, unscramble the words containing silent letters.
Use context clues for help.
1. The (FEBTUF) _____________________ lunch included soup, salad, and dessert.
2. We played a game of (ROCUEQT) _____________________ on the lawn.
3. The soldiers were all wearing (AKHIK) _____________________ uniforms.
4. During the holiday season, we always hang (LITEMOSTE) ___________________
over our door.
5. This lingering cold makes me feel just (CEWETHRD) _____________________!
6. The large family rented (JONANIDIG) _____________________ rooms at the hotel.

B.

Use the clues and the first letters to help you solve the crossword puzzle.
Answers are words containing the silent letters shown in parentheses.
1

A word’s syllables are its separate sounds. The word
kitten, for example, has two syllables: kit and ten. Some
words, like cat, have only one syllable.
Syllable breaks can help you pronounce long words,
one sound at a time.

A.

Count the syllables in each word in the box. Then check a dictionary to make
sure you separated the sounds correctly. Finally, copy the divided words under
the correct heading. Use centered dots to indicate syllable breaks. The first
one has been done as an example.
doubtful
disagreeable
blockade
tallow
1.

When you checked the boxed words in the dictionary, did you notice the accent mark (´ )
placed somewhere in each word? It shows which syllable is stressed in pronunciation.
Think about the word trophy (tro´ • phy), for example. The accent shows that the emphasis
is on the first syllable—tro. This tells you that the pronunciation is TROphy, not troPHY.

B.

Use capital letters, as in TROphy, to show the correct pronunciation of the
following words.
1. atlas

As you read the sentences, say the
boldface words aloud. Then circle
the word that correctly completes
the second sentence.
1. If you throw a boomerang correctly, it will come
back to you.
The ( first / second / third ) syllable is accented.
2. Carmen puts just enough cinnamon
in her pumpkin pie filling.
The ( first / second / third ) syllable is accented.
3. Jackie’s father plays first violin in our city’s
symphony orchestra.
The ( first / second / third ) syllable is accented.
4. This publication comes out the first week of every month.
The ( first / second / third ) syllable is accented.
5. That ferocious dog is a danger to everyone in the neighborhood.
The ( second / third / fourth ) syllable is accented.
6. The horizontal stripes on my bedroom wallpaper are yellow.
The ( second / third / fourth ) syllable is accented.
7. Patrick and his friends participate in after-school baseball.
The ( first / second / third ) syllable is accented.
8. The policeman ordered the suspect to reveal the name of his accomplice.
The ( first / second ) syllable is accented.

B.

Place the accent marks in these words. Check a dictionary if you’re not sure
where they go.
1. contest (noun)
contest (verb)
2. conduct (verb)
conduct (noun)

If you don’t know a word’s meaning, you can often
make a good guess by studying the other words in
the sentence.

First, circle the nonsense word in each sentence. Then use context clues
to help you decide what the word probably means. Finally, circle a letter to
show the word’s meaning.
1. He was such a good skier we couldn’t believe
that he was a jimple.
a. beginner

b. man

c. New Yorker

2. Because I get sunburned so easily, I always
avoid going to the dipdop.
a. kitchen

b. car

c. beach

3. We grew too many tomatoes, so we gave the
krinskis to the neighbors.
a. leaves

b. extras

c. zucchini

4. Our teacher sloozed us for being rude to
the guest.
a. criticized

b. praised

c. thanked

5. A promise of “something for nothing” is usually a schlimper.
a. guarantee

b. fraud

c. coupon

6. Joe’s gairblue over his dog’s death continued for many months.
a. gratitude

b. joy

c. grief

7. To remain on the team, you must flang the coach’s rules.
a. follow

b. break

c. disrespect

8. If our best player is moglump, our chances of winning will not be good.
a. strong

Suppose you come across an unfamiliar word and don’t
have a dictionary handy. Use these four strategies:

• the general sense of the sentence or passage
(combined with your prior knowledge)
• synonyms or restated definitions of the
unfamiliar word
• examples of the unfamiliar word given
in the passage
• familiar words or ideas used to compare
or contrast with the unfamiliar word
Use the strategies listed above to
help you guess the meaning of the
nonsense word in each sentence.
Circle a letter to show your answer.
1. The elephant in the circus parade
looked lodsjiled to the small boy.

4. After our long hike on the steep
trail, we all suffered from fepsduf.

You already know that a noun names a person (boy,
Steven), a place (city, Los Angeles), or a thing (sport,
football). All the answers in this exercise are nouns!

Read each incomplete sentence. Then use the boldface word or words to
help you figure out the scrambled word. Write it on the line.
1. I had a strong urge to buy a new dress, but I resisted the
(PILMUSE) ____________________.
2. Henry’s truthfulness earned him a reputation for (THESONY) ____________________.
3. After the team played so well, the coach praised the
(YESLARP) ____________________ for their hard work.
4. His quest for the treasure was a (RECSHA) ____________________ that
took 10 years.
5. The movie had such an abrupt ending that I thought
the (MILF) ____________________ had broken.
6. His (TAMPETT) ____________________ to fix the
leaky pipe was an effort that ended in failure.
7. After two years without precipitation, last
night’s (LAILFRAN) ____________________ was
very welcome.
8. We beat the team that had been in third
place, so our (NIPSIOTO) ____________________
changed.

This exercise tests your verbal skills. Remember that a
verb is a word that expresses an action (He jumped.) or a
state of being (She is a good student.).

Read the incomplete sentences. Then use the boldface words as clues to help
you figure out the scrambled words.

1. I can handle the hand lawn mower, but I don’t know how to
(RETEPAO) ____________________ the electric one.
2. The wish to succeed that compels you to study hard
(ROFECS) ____________________ me to keep up with you.
3. If you grumble and (MACINLOP) ____________________ about the homework,
you’ll annoy the teacher.
4. We compared and (TACDROTENS) ____________________ the two houses
before deciding which one to buy.
5. After Caesar’s army beat one country, they soon (QUEDCORNE)
____________________ another.
6. Not only did Brendon hurt his arm, he also (JIRNUDE) ____________________
his knee.
7. Melissa’s ability to sing and dance helped her (REFPORM) ____________________
well on stage.
8. First she felt weak and dizzy, and then she (NATFIDE) ____________________.
9. Don’t let unworthy goals attract you and (MTTEP) ____________________
you to do foolish things.
10. You will ruin that shirt if you (ROCSHC) ____________________ it with a
hot iron.

Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns by answering
such questions as how many? (ten years) or what kind?
(leather jacket). Adjectives can make your
communication colorful and interesting.

Read the incomplete sentences. Then use the boldface words as clues to
help you figure out the scrambled word. Write it on the line.
1. We love our mountain cabin because
it is so calm and (CEFPUELA)
____________________ there.
2. When the poor man was robbed,
he became (TEUDITSTE)
____________________.
3. Hiding in the dark, my friends
were so quiet their sudden
shout of “Surprise!” left me
(CESSHEPELS) ____________________ .
4. Shy Melissa was so (SHUBFAL) ____________________ that she couldn’t
speak in front of the class.
5. Yesterday was especially busy, or (THECIC) ____________________,
because Uncle Dan came to visit and the cat had kittens on the couch.
6. The tough meat was very (FIDCUFLIT) ____________________ to chew.
7. The hard mattress was too (MIRF) ____________________ to be really
comfortable.
8. I feel sure of an easy A on that (MILSEP) ____________________ math test.
9. The (HELMUB) ____________________ home was decorated in a plain style.
10. Our stroll in the park filled up our (SILUELREY) ____________________
afternoon.

Complete each sentence with the most appropriate adverb. Use the boldface
words as clues. Check a dictionary if you need help with word meaning.
1. It’s just a guess, but I think there are ____________________ 15 minutes left on
the parking meter. ( exactly / approximately / never )
2. After his mother told him to share, the selfish little boy ____________________
offered his playmate one of his toys. ( generously / happily / reluctantly )
3. Wanting a clean and allergy-proof room, Theresa ____________________
vacuumed the carpets. ( thoroughly / barely / hastily )
4. The warm, friendly host ____________________ welcomed his guests.
( shyly / cordially / fearfully )
5. The teacher ____________________ known as Miss Cooper is now called
Mrs. Washington. ( actually / sadly / formerly )
6. Basically and ____________________, Christopher believes in the value of
charity. ( fundamentally / shakily / shallowly )
7. Right now I can repay you only ____________________, but I’ll get the rest
to you soon. ( totally / immediately / partially )
8. The hurricane tore ____________________ through the town, destroying
all the homes in its path. ( peacefully / violently / quietly )
9. “I will ____________________ sign that confession,” said the prisoner,
“because I am innocent!” ( gladly / soon / never )
10. The perpetual flame has been burning ____________________ since
John F. Kennedy was buried here. ( continuously / intermittently / weakly )

Adjectives (words that describe) can usually be
rewritten as nouns (beautiful ➜ beauty). Remember
to keep a dictionary handy to check your spelling.

A.

Notice that all clues are adjectives. Complete the crossword puzzle with the
noun form of each adjective.
ACROSS

4.
5.
6.
7.

creative
brutal
glandular
solitary

1

A

3

P

C

B
6

accurate
hostile
prestigious
changeable

B.

4

H

5

DOWN

1.
2.
3.
4.

2

G
7

S

Now use one of the puzzle answer words to complete each sentence below.

1. Because her thyroid ____________________________ doesn’t work properly, Ana’s
metabolism has slowed down.
2. Have you noticed the recent ____________________________ in that child’s behavior?
3. Hector is so proud of his ____________________________ that he’s entering it in the
art contest.
4. Jeremy needs at least one hour of ____________________________ each day for
meditation.
5. Myra’s good job gives her ____________________________ in the community.
6. I reported the unkind pet owner’s ____________________________ to the police.
7. The mistreated animal exhibited ____________________________ toward his owner.
8. When you measure ingredients for baking, ____________________________ is very
important.

Notice that all clue words can be used as verbs. Complete the crossword
puzzle with the adjective form of each verb.
ACROSS

1

2. prefer

2

4. filter
6. punctuate

3

8. dry

D

W

P
4

5

F

D

DOWN

1. warrant

6

P

7

T

3. dimple
5. die
7. tie

B.

8

D

Write an answer word from the puzzle next to the definition it matches.

1. ______________________: no longer living
2. ______________________: more desirable
3. ______________________: having a small hollow on the cheek or chin
4. ______________________: describing water or other fluid that has had its impurities
removed
5. ______________________: describing something that has had all the water removed
6. ______________________: said or done with special force

How do you rewrite a noun as a verb? Example:
competition ➜ compete. Some of these changes can be
tricky, so keep a dictionary handy.

A.

Notice that the boldface clues are nouns (naming words). Puzzle answers are
the verb form of each noun. Check a dictionary if you need help.
1

ACROSS

D

2

3. a careful consumer
3

4. window draperies
5. a lucky rescue

C
4

6. a feeling of hatred

D

D

DOWN

1. an exciting drama
2. a young dependent
3. a difficult
complication

B.

5

R
6

H

Now use one of the puzzle answer words to complete each sentence below.

1. The lifeguard will ________________________ the desperate swimmer.
2. I absolutely ________________________ the smell of skunks.
3. Our large family can ________________________ two loaves of bread a day.
4. Sheryl and Joe seem to ________________________ every unimportant little event.
5. Those lazy teenagers ________________________ on their parents for everything.
6. This new requirement will ________________________ our task considerably.
7. We can ________________________ the fabric gracefully around the display.

Word play makes vocabulary-building a lot more
fun! Now have a good time discovering how much
difference a letter or two can make!

A.

Change one letter in each boldface word to complete the word ladder.
Use the clues to help you figure out the words. As an example, the first
one has been done for you.
1. RAKE
____________
do to bread
bake
____________
body of water
lake
____________
birthday treat
cake
2. CARE
____________ without clothing
____________ a bold move
____________ big bunny

B.

3. TIDE
____________ travel by car
____________ a square has four
____________ opposite of seek

5. WEAK
____________ a bird has one
____________ drip from a faucet
____________ type of wood

Make new words by adding one letter at the beginning of each short word.
The first one has been done for you.
1. ___talk
s

5. ___art

___pin
s

___lob

___ore

___age
s

___old

___reek

2. ___lash

4. ___ale

6. ___one

___lag

___ant

___ail

___act

___arch

___either

B.

This time you will make new words by adding one letter at the end of each
short word.
1. plan___

C.

3. ___rain

2. pan___

3. for___

4. tar___

for___

tan___

nor___

see___

car___

ban___

war___

dam___

Now add a letter somewhere inside the short word to make a new word.
The first one has been done for you.
1. cap __________________________________
clap, camp, chap, or carp
2. fame __________________________________
3. base __________________________________
4. bag __________________________________
5. cot

First write head or foot to complete each compound word. Then draw a
line to match each word with its meaning.
1. _________phone

a. mark left in wet sand

2. _________bridge

b. big print in a newspaper

3. _________note

c. piece of furniture that goes with a chair

4. _________lights

d. device for listening to music privately

5. _________print

e. construction that goes over a river

6. _________stool

f. information at the bottom of a page

7. _________line

g. lamps in the front of a car (or lights on a stage)

B.

Use words from the box to complete the answer words.
Then solve the crossword puzzle.
ache

ball

band

board

hunter

locker

quarters

ACROSS

2. The corporate ________________
found
head
a good employee for the position.
5. ________________
can be a very
Foot
violent sport.
6. Carol uses a ________________
to keep
head
the hair out of her eyes.

1
3

2

H

5

H

H
4

F

F

DOWN

1. Marge has a painful ________________.
head
3. His company’s ________________
is
head
located in Chicago.
4. The ________________
of the bed is
foot
handcarved.

Use the context clues to help you figure out the incomplete compound words.
Check a dictionary if you need help.

1. Some Native Americans used to wear
beautiful head_________________
made of feathers.
2. A mountain climber must get a good
foot_________________ as he climbs.
3. The fancy head_________________
of that bed is made of solid maple.
4. Burt came hurtling down the waterslide
head_________________.
5. The foot_________________ carried
by her shop includes shoes, boots, and sandals.
6. The telephone operator wore a head_________________
to keep her hands free.
7. Wanda could hear heavy foot_________________ coming up the stairs.
8. Kim likes to think of herself as “foot_________________ and fancy free.”
9. We made good head_________________ in spite of the strong wind.
10. The senior citizens enjoyed walking on the foot_________________
by the river.
11. Sixteen runners competed in the foot_________________ through the
woods.
12. The wrestler held his opponent in a mighty head_________________.

Unscramble the words to complete the sentences. Hint: All the scrambled
words begin with air or water.

1. Doris stores beans and rice in (TIHATRIG) ________________________ containers.
2. The tiny dragonfly stopped to rest on the (TYLWILEAR) ________________________.
3. An (IRALIMA) ________________________ letter takes two days to get here
from Dallas.
4. A leak caused the boat to become (GETDARLOWEG) ________________________.
5. We got to the (ROITARP) ________________________ early to go through security.
6. Tom led us on a hike to see a spectacular (TELWALFAR) ________________________.

B.

Use words from the box to complete the answer words.
Then use the completed words to solve the puzzle.
brush

colors

front

line

melon

sick

waves

ACROSS

2. Radio signals travel over the
__________________.
air

1

4. Which do you like better,
__________________
or oil paintings?
water

4

5. Whenever she flies, Amy gets
__________________.
air
6. We ate a big __________________
water
and kept the seeds for planting.
7. The __________________
on the
water
ship is higher when the hold
is heavy with cargo.

Use context clues to help you figure out the compound words beginning with
air and water. Check a dictionary if you need more ideas.

1. Ducks, geese, and swans are different kinds of water_____________________.
2. Good-quality paper often has
a water_____________________,
a design produced by pressure
during manufacture.
3. Tests proved that the helicopter
was air_____________________,
or safe for flying.
4. This vinyl raincoat is guaranteed
to be water_____________________.
5. The fighter jets began an
air_____________________ on
the city.
6. The cook added water_____________________, an edible plant related to the
nasturtium, to our sandwiches.
7. That hang glider has been air_____________________ for 30 minutes.
8. This will be little Alice’s first flight in an air_____________________.
9. The flashlight was encased in a water_____________________ container.
10. That country does not allow military jets to fly in its air_____________________.
11. Niagara Falls is a very large and famous water_____________________.

Use context clues to help you figure out the compound words. If you need
help completing the words, check a dictionary.

1. A wind______________ is a large
sailing ship that is especially fast.
2. A beautiful sun______________
found its way through the thick
trees and shone on the forest
floor.
3. The wind______________ factor
made the frigid air seem even
colder.
4. Holland is famous for its great number of wind______________.
5. By sitting under a sun______________, you can get an even tan without
going outside.
6. Henry choked when he got a piece of chicken caught in his
wind______________.
7. Betty likes to sun______________ by lying in a hammock in her backyard.
8. Bluegill and black bass are types of sun______________ , which swim in
freshwater lakes and rivers.
9. Ellen likes the wind______________, casual look for her hair.
10. Annie puts sun______________ on her baby before taking him outdoors in
the sun.
11. A sun______________ is a tall annual plant with big yellow blooms.

Write G for general or S for specific to
identify each word below. Then write a
specific example for each general word
or a word that names a general category
for each specific word. The first two
have been done for you.
____________________
ice cream

5. _____ jewelry ______________________

__________________
season

6. _____ flower ______________________

3. _____ animal ______________________

7. _____ green _______________________

4. _____ diamond ____________________

8. _____ salmon _____________________

1. _____
G dessert
2. _____
S autumn

B.

Make 10 pairs of synonyms from the words in the box. Check a dictionary if
you’re not sure of word meanings. Then write the words under the proper
headings. The first one has been done for you.
abhor
absurd
entertain
hobby

First, unscramble the first specific synonym for each boldface general
word. Then write original sentences using any two of the specific words.
The first one has been done for you as an example.
GENERAL WORD

Some words can be confusing if you’re not careful.
Watch out for the troublemakers!

Circle the word that correctly completes each sentence.
Look it up if you’re not sure!
1. When moving cars have a ( collision / collusion ), both drivers and passengers
can get hurt.

2. Over time, eating too much food will make your waistline ( expend / expand ).
3. After Myra lost so much weight, all her clothes were too ( loose / lose ).
4. The Martinez family told us they want to ( adapt / adopt ) a child.
5. After college, Beverly has decided to ( pursue / peruse ) a career in journalism.
6. Steven is in charge of the ( personnel / personal ) department in his company.
7. After running for three hours, Sylvia ( finely / finally ) crossed the finish line.
8. When it comes to books, Stanley has a ( veracious / voracious ) appetite.
9. Sue’s many friends will continue to ( perpetuate / perpetrate ) her memory.
10. The lost hiker was hungry; he had been ( depraved / deprived ) of food
for three days.
11. Caroline wrote information about her appointments on her
( calendar / colander ).

You know that synonyms are words with the same or
nearly the same meaning. The more synonyms you
know, the richer your vocabulary will be!

First write a letter to match each boldface
noun with its synonym. Then find another
synonym in the box for each pair of words.
Write it on the line. Hint: You will not use all
the words in the box. The first one has been
done for you.
admission

1. You carry a (CACKURKS) ____________________, or knapsack, the same
way you carry a backpack.
2. If you want words meaning the same as (GAMINICA) ____________________,
you could use enchanter or necromancer.
3. The team you’re playing against could be called your opponent, foe,
or (MECIRTOPTO) ____________________.
4. Victoria felt not only excitement and emotion for dancing—she had
a real (SONPIAS) ____________________ for it.
5. When the assault began, those in the castle had no idea the onslaught
would be even worse than the last (GESIE) ____________________.
6. The (SRTOM) ____________________ at sea began as a squall and quickly
turned into a tempest.
7. We need a large receptacle for these flowers. Please get the blue
(ASEV) ____________________ or the yellow urn.
8. The lure of the ocean was such an attraction for Sam that he gave in to the
(PITONETMAT) ____________________ to buy a boat.
9. Before the trial, Myra gave a statement, or declaration. At the trial,
she gave sworn (SITOYMENT) ____________________.

Ready for some more synonym practice? This time let’s
work with adjectives (describing words).

First write a letter to match each boldface adjective with its synonym.
Then find another synonym in the box for each pair of words. Write it on
the line. Hint: You will not use all the words in the box. The first one has
been done for you.

Find an antonym (word that means the opposite) in the box for each boldface
adverb. Write it on the line. Hint: You will not use all the words.
abruptly
accidentally

angrily
brightly

briskly
certainly

unhappily
often

foolishly
thoughtfully

1. Jeremy said goodbye to Alexis very slowly (____________________).
2. Janice very wisely (____________________) refrained from overeating.
3. Emma seldom (____________________) goes to the movies.
4. Homer looked up dully (____________________) and said, “Huh?”
5. On hot days, Monica moves very sluggishly (____________________).
6. When asked if he would get an A on the test, Al said, “Doubtfully.”
(____________________).
7. After her long vacation, Amanda joyfully (____________________) returned home.
8. Dustin purposely (____________________) turned off the computer.
9. Dana selfishly (____________________) kept all the good peaches for himself.

Homophones are words that sound alike but are
spelled differently and have different meanings. Some
examples of homophones are be/bee and flour/flower.

A.

Say the words aloud. Then write a homophone next to each word.

1. allowed / ____________

4. ball / ____________

7. sent / ____________

2. crews / ____________

5. find / ____________

8. main / ____________

3. lie / ____________

6. meet / ____________

9. one / ____________

B.

Complete the crossword puzzle with homophones for the boldface words.
1

ACROSS

2. a sincere
compliment

2

4

4. belongs to him

H

DOWN
3

C
5

H

5. everyone who’s here

7

W

6

T

3. a cup of tea
S

M

7. a freshly mown lawn
8

8. pour the milk
9. shoot the breeze
10. going away

9

1. a holey shirt

P

5. all we’ve been
doing
6. the lights shone
brightly
8. a cat’s paws

C

10

A

C.

Circle three homophone errors in each sentence. Then rewrite the sentences
correctly on the lines.
1. The buoy climbed up the fur tree and the beach tree.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. After the accident, wee set off fore flairs to get attention.
______________________________________________________________________________

Words that are spelled alike but have different
meanings are called homographs.

EXAMPLE:

_____
baste 1. to pour liquid on while roasting; 2. to sew with long stitches

Unscramble the homographs that match each definition below.
The first one has been done for you.

A.

1. (TU C E R O N) ___________________:
counter

4. (WO B L) _______________________:

a. one who counts

a. a hard hit

b. long table in a store or restaurant

b. send forth a stream of air

2. (I N E P) _______________________:

5. (E N F I) _______________________:

a. to yearn or long for

a. high quality

b. a type of evergreen

b. money paid as punishment

3. (M O D C U N O P) _____________________:

6. (D E H I) _______________________:

a. having more than one part

a. to conceal; keep out of sight

b. an enclosed yard

b. animal skin

B.

RIDDLE:

Write homographs to find the answer to the riddle (reads top to bottom).
Use the definitions as clues. The first one has been done for you.
Homographs have the same spelling but different meanings and _______________.

b o i l

1. bubbling of hot liquid; red swelling on the skin

1. __ __ __ __

2. container made of glass; to rattle or vibrate

2. __ __ __

3. container for pouring liquid; baseball player

3. __ __ __ __ __ __ __

4. one side of a sheet of paper; youth who runs errands
5. friendly and helpful; same type or class

Many English words had their origins in the names of
people and places. For example, cashmere, a fine wool
fabric, is named for the goats of Kashmir, India, whose
downy wool is used in the manufacture of this product.

a. named after the Scottish clan Campbell of
Argyll, Scotland
b. named by the French after the Swedish inventor
of this type of leather
c. named for the German city of Cologne, which
in turn was named after Colonia Agrippina,
the Roman empress who was born there
d. named after the hemp made in Manila, the
Philippines, from which it was originally made
e. named after Vidkun Quisling, a Norwegian
who was shot for treason after World War II
f. named after the city of Frankfurt, Germany
g. named after John Montagu, fourth Earl of
Sandwich, who invented it so he could continue
gambling without stopping for a normal meal
h. named for a person named Doily or Doyley, who
kept a shop in London in the late 17th century

The names of places, people, and even gods form the
basis of many English words.

Use the clues to complete the crossword puzzle.
ACROSS

7. Teddy Roosevelt was the U.S. president
who spared the life of a bear cub on a
hunting trip in Mississippi. (2 words)

3. Amelia Bloomer, a pioneer
feminist, made this garment
popular.

8. The Italian physicist Alessandro Volta
named this unit for measuring the force
of an electrical current.

5. Atlas was a Titan in Greek
myth. In the front of books of
maps, he was often pictured
holding up the earth.
6. A man named Beaulieu,
a famous hatter of the
mid-19th century, designed
this hat that has a low crown.

9. This soft knitted cloth was originally
made in Jersey, a British island in the
English Channel.
10. This month was named for the Roman
goddess Maia.

11. Louis Pasteur invented the
process by which we do this
to our milk to kill bacteria.

1

2
3

12. This day of the week is
named after Fria, the Norse
goddess of love and beauty.
DOWN

J
4

B

M

5
6

G

A

B

1. This month is named after
Julius Caesar.

7

2. These crackers are named
after their inventor, Sylvester
Graham. (2 words)
4. Samuel Maverick, a Texan
who didn’t brand his cattle,
gives us this word for someone
who doesn’t follow the crowd.

Many words and phrases from other languages have
found their way into the English language.

Use context clues to help you figure out the meaning of the boldface words and
phrases. Check a dictionary if you need help. Circle a letter to show your answer.

1. “Entre nous,” said Yvonne as a
warning to Emma to keep the
information secret.
a. or else
b. now or never
c. between ourselves
2. When Allison saw the trompe-l’oeil
design on the wall, she thought she
was looking down a long hallway.
a. optical illusion
b. checkerboard
c. oil paint
3. Ross purchased a pied-à-terre so he
wouldn’t have to pay hotel bills
when he visited the city.
a. minivan with television monitors
b. apartment maintained for
convenience
c. hotel pass good for a year

5. The crudités served at the party
were healthful in themselves, but
the dips were full of fat.
a. raw vegetables
b. chips
c. drinks
6. Sammy was proud to see his name
included in the dramatis personae
of the play.
a. advertisers
b. cast of characters

4. Andy had a moment of déjà vu.
“I know we’ve met before,” he said.
a. a feeling that something strange
is about to happen

c. stagehands and assistants
7. This wonderful weather seems to
invite us to dine al fresco.
a. on light food

All languages have idioms—expressions that have special
meanings. The words in idioms are not meant to be taken
literally. For example, to “spill the beans” means to tell a
secret to someone who is not supposed to know about it.

A.

Circle a letter to show the meaning of the boldface idiom.
1. Call if you need me, because I can
come at the drop of a hat.
a. immediately
b. in about an hour
c. after I get dressed
2. At her new job, Stella was at sea
for the first few weeks.
a. on a business trip
b. on vacation
c. confused
3. To break the ice, Minerva suggested
a game of spin the bottle.
a. go ice-skating
b. get the party started
c. chop a block of ice

B.

4. That bully keeps all the younger
children under his thumb.
a. controlled by him
b. protected by him
c. helped by him

Write a letter to match each boldface idiom on the left with its meaning
on the right.
1. _____ to branch out

1. Diane ( carried on / carried off ) with her career in ballet.
2. When asked what the capital of Afghanistan was, Sam
( drew a conclusion / drew a blank ).
3. On “casual Fridays,” people in our office are allowed to
( dress down / dress up ).
4. Stella is a good example to her younger sister, who has always
( looked down on / looked up to ) her.
5. The banker ( lost heart / lost face ) with his clients when they found
out he had a gambling problem.
6. Because of rising costs in other areas, the state had to ( cut back / cut in )
on health coverage.
7. Although they usually agreed, Lulu and Frank did not
( see the light / see eye to eye ) on this one thing.
8. Aunt Marie decided to ( take on / take out ) the job of caring for
her nephew.
9. A good education is the first step if you want to
( get ahead / get around ).
10. Dolores ( kept down / kept at ) her project until she finished it.

Circle a letter to show the meaning of each boldface idiom.
1. Melinda likes to catch some
rays at the beach on Sundays.
a. look for manta rays in the water
b. get tanned while sunbathing
c. play a game of catch
2. Everyone knows that grouchy woman’s
bark is worse than her bite.
a. sound is more frightening
than actions
b. has a loud dog
c. bad temper doesn’t last long
3. Business has improved since the
restaurant changed hands.

6. Twyla is down to the wire
on her term paper.

a. hired new servers

a. running out of time

b. got new equipment

b. proud of

c. transferred ownership

c. not happy with

4. When Mark tried to take over Steve’s
job, he found himself in deep water.

4. When Tyrone said he’d go out with
Alice, Dutch treat, he meant that
a. he would treat her.
b. he’d pay his own way, and Alice
would pay hers.
c. they would have to walk to the
restaurant.
5. When Manny ran full tilt into the door
and broke his nose, he was running
a. at high speed.
b. slowly.
c. without looking where he was going.
1. By saying she felt fit as a fiddle,
Maria meant that
a. she wanted to play some music.

6. Some girls wanted to fight Sandra, but
she gave them the slip when she

b. she was overweight.

a. beat them up first.

c. she was in very good health.

b. passed them a note.
c. escaped from them.

2. If you use elbow grease to get a
room clean, you use
a. physical labor and effort.

7. When Amanda told John to go jump in
the lake, she meant that he should

b. soap and water.

a. go away and stop being a bother.

c. special equipment.

b. go take a good swim.
c. take some time to go fishing.

3. The comedian knew that his joke
fell flat when
a. everyone laughed.

EXPLAINING IDIOMS 1
Idioms are the hardest part of a language to learn.
Why? Because the words don’t mean what they
normally do. But idioms can add a great deal of color
to what you say.

Circle a letter to correctly answer each question.
What actually happened if . . .
1. You had a bee in your bonnet?
a. You got stung by a bee.
b. You had a fixed idea that
seemed odd.
c. You bought some honey.
2. You bad mouthed someone?
a. You hit him or her.
b. You gave him or her some
spoiled food.
c. You spoke badly of him or her.
3. You were at loggerheads with
your neighbors?
a. You had a quarrel.
b. You mended a fence.
c. You stacked firewood.
4. You were called on the carpet?
a. You got scolded or reprimanded.
b. You bought a new rug.
c. You slept on the floor.
5. You called the tune?
a. You sang a song.
b. You acted as a disc jockey at a party.
c. You gave orders or directions.

6. You carried a torch for
someone?
a. You lit candles.
b. You fell in love.
c. You held a flashlight.
7. You kept your nose clean?
a. You stayed out of trouble.
b. You took frequent baths.
c. You avoided getting colds.
8. You painted yourself into
a corner?
a. You painted a floor from
the outside in.
b. You got into a difficult
situation.
c. You got out of a difficult
situation.

You can often figure out the meaning of common
idioms by using context clues.

Circle a letter to complete each sentence with the correct idiom.
1. Ernest knew he had done
wrong, so he decided to _____
and take his punishment.
a. face down
b. face the music
c. fall flat
2. Because Jim wanted the car
so badly, he was willing to
a. hit pay dirt.
b. pass the buck.
c. pay through the nose.
3. To describe the members of a close
family, you might say they are

6. A small payment on a large bill
might be called

a. close to home.

a. a drop in the bucket.

b. close-knit.

b. duck soup.

c. a closed book.

c. easy money.

4. Allison didn’t like Janet’s
company, so she gave her
a. the cold shoulder.
b. a cold fish.
c. cold feet.
5. Because Jake doesn’t get
nervous in difficult situations,
he can be described as

7. A person who is inexperienced
or innocent in worldly things is
called a
a. babe in the woods.
b. fair-haired boy.
c. big daddy.
8. Sara and Erin are so similar that
people say they are like

Select two appropriate idioms from the box to complete each sentence.
Write the idioms on the lines.

turned a deaf ear to
lay down the law
fall short
get away with
have it both ways

make ends meet
come clean
hit the nail on the head
make up for
hold a candle to
playing second fiddle
pull strings
take it easy
eating them out of house and home

1. Because June couldn’t ________________________________________ Margaret,
she was used to ________________________________________ when she was
with her.
2. Their grown son was ________________________________________, so they had
to ________________________________________ and order him to get a job.
3. It’s impossible for Charlie to ________________________________________ on the
weekends because he can’t really ________________________________________
unless he works two jobs.
4. After their quarrel, Inez tried to ________________________________________
and apologize, but Cynthia ________________________________________ her.
5. To ________________________________________ all the times he’d let Fernando
down, Eddie decided to ________________________________________ to help him
get a good job.
6. You have unfortunately ________________________________________ by saying
that we will ________________________________________ of this week’s goals.
7. You cannot ________________________________________; it’s impossible to
________________________________________ your deceptions any longer.

Words that begin with A and B can add attitude and
boldness to your vocabulary.

Complete the sentences with words from the box. Hint: You will not use all
the words. Check a dictionary if you need help.
1. Anna very much enjoys her _________________________ classes
ability
abrasive
absorb

at the gym.
2. Aunt Elaine forgot Jerry’s birthday, so she sent him a
_________________________ birthday card.
3. Carl wants to be a ship’s captain some day, but for now he
loads freight on a river _________________________.

accelerate
accessory

4. If the bottom of the ship isn’t cleaned often,
_________________________ will attach themselves to it.
5. Sylvia’s shawl is made of a fine _________________________

adhere

woven with gold and silver threads.
6. A chameleon has the _________________________ to change its

aerobics
agenda

color to match the environment.
7. This car does not _________________________ fast enough to
enter the freeway safely.

barge

8. This paper towel can _________________________ much more
water than that one.

barnacles
belated

9. Your new silver belt is the perfect _________________________
for that outfit.
10. You need special glue to make the pieces

brocade

_________________________ to plywood.
11. If a soap is _________________________ it is much easier to

bronchitis
buoyant

find it in the bathtub.
12. “What’s on our _________________________ for today?” Phil
asked his partner.

Read the definitions of the A-B words. Then use each word in an original sentence.

accuracy freedom from all errors or mistakes
acknowledge to recognize the authority or claims of
adjourn to stop a meeting, etc. with the intention of
beginning again later
affinity a natural attraction or liking
banish to force to leave a country, as by political decree
blackmail to get money or a service from, by threatening to
tell something damaging
boundary something, as a line or mark, that forms an outer
limit, edge, or extent
bureaucracy government with many departments made up
of appointed officials, who follow set rules and regulations
buttress a structure built against a wall to strengthen it

Now let’s learn some C-D words that could develop your
vocabulary very creatively.

Complete the sentences with words from the box. Hint: You will not use all
the words. Check a dictionary if you need help.
1. Bob’s silly _________________________ didn’t fool anyone.
cabaret
carbonated

2. After 20 years in the army, Robert is now looking forward to
_________________________ life.
3. Ginger’s favorite _________________________ drink is ginger ale.

civilian

4. After reading the warning about jellyfish, I was
_________________________ about going into the water.

cognizant
5. Percy would rather go to a _________________________ than a
commuter

regular restaurant because he enjoys the entertainment.
6. Samantha arranged a bouquet with irises, tulips, daffodils,

credence
custody
dahlia

and one perfect red _________________________.
7. Since Tim had always been so trustworthy, it was easy to put
_________________________ in his unlikely story.
8. The willful child’s _________________________ of the rules led to
his expulsion from school.

defiance

9. The currency of that country continued to
_________________________ for months.

depreciate
dexterity

10. The foster parents have had _________________________ of the
child since December.
11. The juggler demonstrated great _________________________

disguise

when he juggled a bowling ball, a baseball, and a grapefruit.
12. The president was _________________________ of the situation,

Read the definitions of the C-D words. Then use each word in an original
sentence.

chafe to make or become rough or sore by rubbing
chignon a tight ball or roll of hair women wear at the back
of the head
consequences results or effects
correspond to write or exchange letters
debtor a person who owes something to another, such
as money or services
dilemma your position when faced with two poor choices
diversity variety
dormant asleep, or as if asleep
dwindle to become steadily smaller or less; to shrink

Try adding some E-F words to your vocabulary to give it
a little more élan and flair.

Complete the sentences with words from the box. Hint: You will not use all
the words. Check a dictionary if you need help.
1. Brandon’s latest _________________________ resulted in two
earnest
ecstasy
elaborate

broken bones and a wrecked car.
2. Charles is often annoying, especially when he wants to
_________________________ his knowledge of local history.
3. Flavio delivered a sincere and _________________________
apology to Misty.

emulate
escapade

4. If you _________________________ the speed limit, you are likely
to get a traffic ticket.
5. Instead of using the word sky in her poem, Felicia used the

exceed
fallible

word _________________________ to mean the same thing.
6. Don’t believe everything Lester says, because, like all human
beings, he is _________________________.

fauna
firmament

7. One _________________________ of the broken mirror remained
hidden in the corner.
8. The _________________________ dinner Carmen prepared for her

flaunt

friends began with very tasty appetizers.
9. The _________________________ of that area includes deer,

forfeit
forlorn
fragment
froth

squirrels, bobcats, woodpeckers, and lizards.
10. When Clara blew out through the straw, a
_________________________ formed on top of her root beer float.
11. You will be in _________________________ when you taste Chef
Pierre’s latest creation.
12. Young actors today often _________________________ the macho
style of the young Marlon Brando.

Read the definitions of the E-F words. Then use each word in an original sentence.
ebullient bubbling over with high spirits and enthusiasm
edifice a building, especially a large and impressive structure
eloquence moving and skillful use of language, especially
in speaking

flamingo a pink or red wading bird that
lives in tropical areas and has a long
neck and long legs
flourish to grow vigorously; thrive

equator an imaginary line that encircles the earth exactly
halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole
estimate to make a close guess as to size, number, cost, etc.
exclude to keep out or shut out
faucet a device with an adjustable valve used to regulate the
flow of a liquid, as from a pipe
fickle likely to change without warning; not constant in feeling,
purpose, or nature
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
10. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

You would be imprudent, or lacking in judgment, if you
failed to add these I-J words to your vocabulary.

Complete the sentences with words from the box. Hint: You will not
use all the words. Check a dictionary if you need help.

identical

illusion

inconsistent

inexpensive

inhale

insomnia

itemize

jaguar

jargon

jiggle

jog

jumbo

jungle

juvenile

1. A ________________________ is a large, spotted wild cat resembling a leopard.
2. A lush oasis is an optical ________________________ often seen in a desert.
3. Because these dresses are so ________________________, I think I’ll buy
several of them.
4. The door will open if you ________________________ the key in the lock a
little bit.
5. Many types of animals are found only in the tropical ________________________.
6. Pedro couldn’t finish the ________________________ ice cream cone before it
started to melt.
7. The lawyers spoke in their own ________________________, making it difficult
for anyone else to understand them.
8. The purses look ________________________, so how can I tell which one is a
designer original?
9. The suspect’s story was ________________________ from one day to the next.
10. This type of motion picture appeals mainly to a ________________________
audience.
11. When breathing, it’s important to ________________________ deeply.

Read the definitions of the I-J words. Then use each word in an original sentence.

ideology the ideas or beliefs held by
a class or group
inaugurate to install in an office with
a formal ceremony
indigestion the inability to digest food,
or difficulty in digesting food
infancy the time of being a baby
innovation a change in the usual
way of doing things

janitor a person hired to clean
and take care of a building
jest something said or done to
provoke laughter; joke
jubilant joyful and proud
junction a point at which things
meet or join
justice the quality of being fair
and impartial

It’s not all that laborious to add to your knowledge
of K-L words—so let’s get started!

Complete the sentences with words from the box. Hint: You will not use all
the words. Check a dictionary if you need help.
1. A child’s first step toward achieving ________________________ is
kaleidoscope
keg

learning the alphabet.
2. We need every ________________________ of corn from these
cobs to make the corn chowder.

kernel

3. In Patrick’s ________________________ time, he likes to do
crossword puzzles.

kindle

4. Mr. Porter buys his morning newspaper at the
________________________ on the corner.

kiosk
5. Once we applied ________________________ to the table, it was
kosher

as shiny as the rest of the furniture.
6. The beginner made a vase in her ceramics class, but it turned

lacquer
languid
ledge

out a bit ________________________.
7. The ever-changing patterns made by a ________________________
became the subject of the artist’s paintings.
8. The hot weather had us all feeling quite ________________________
and slightly grumpy.

leisure

9. The only kind of pickles Tom will eat are
________________________ dills.

lenient
literacy

10. This wooden ________________________ holds 10 gallons of
apple cider.
11. We have to ________________________ these small pieces of wood

: Read the definitions of the K-L words. Then use each word in an original sentence.
kangaroo an Australian animal, the female
of which carries the young in a pouch
kelp a coarse, brown seaweed
keyboard the row or rows of keys,
as in a piano or a computer
kinship relationship, especially by blood
kumquat a sour, tangy citrus fruit
resembling a tiny orange
landmark a hill, tree, etc. used to
recognize a place

ledge a shelf, sill, or other surface
jutting out from a wall or window
liquefy to make or
become liquid
loiter to linger or dawdle
luxury anything costly but
unnecessary that gives
comfort or pleasure,
but is not necessary
to life or health

Don’t neglect these M-N words! If you study them well,
you’ll remove all mystery about their meanings.

Complete the sentences with words from the box. Hint: You will not use all
the words. Check a dictionary if you need help.

mahogany

martyr

menace

mildew

modem

mortality

muffin

naive

necessary

nobility

nomadic

nonchalant

nozzle

nudge

1. A ________________________ is someone who will suffer or die rather than
give up his or her beliefs.
2. As a member of a ________________________ tribe, Ahmed moved constantly
in search of food.
3. Beatrice is ________________________ if she believes every salesperson’s claims.
4. Dominick needs to get a ________________________ so he can hook up to
the Internet.
5. Grace usually has a blueberry ________________________ and some tea for
breakfast.
6. Isabel gave Clara a little ________________________ to get her attention.
7. Keith needs to replace the ________________________ on his garden hose.
8. ________________________ developed in the damp closet, ruining many of
Maxine’s clothes.
9. Sadie couldn’t decide between teak and ________________________ for
her new furniture.
10. That vicious criminal is a ________________________ to society!
11. The crowd was excited, but the quarterback seemed almost
________________________ about the victory.
12. Your help on this project is absolutely ________________ to our success.

Read the definitions of the M-N words. Then use each word in an original sentence.

macaroni hollow pasta tubes often baked with cheese
manipulate to operate or work with the hands; handle
matriarch female ruler or head, as of her family, tribe, or community
miser a greedy, stingy person who hoards money instead of using it

nourish to keep alive and healthy
by feeding
nugget a lump, especially of gold
in its natural state

mysterious impossible or difficult to explain or understand
navigation the art of charting the position and course of a ship or aircraft
neutral not on one side or the other in a dispute, contest, or war
notify to give notice to; to inform
1. ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
10. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

You can’t be overly prepared for vocabulary tests.
So add these O-P words to your list.

Complete the sentences with words from the box. Hint: You will not use all
the words. Check a dictionary if you need help.

obituary

octave

omnivorous

ordeal

original

ottoman

overalls

pagan

patriarch

pedicure

phantom

plateau

posture

prize

purpose

1. Aaron stands up so straight he could be a model for good
________________________.
2. As ________________________ of the family, Murray was responsible
for 14 people.
3. Carla sang the song a full ________________________ higher than James did.
4. Gloria chooses a different nail polish color every time she gets a
________________________.
5. By nature humans are ________________________ creatures, but some people
prefer to be herbivorous.
6. Jessica’s ________________________ began when she got lost in the forest.
7. Ms. Jefferson’s ________________________ said that she had lived for 93 years.
8. Although it was an accident, Sherri thought Colleen had tripped her
on ________________________.
9. That brown ________________________ does not look right with the black chair.
10. The ________________________ for best apple pie went to Amos this year.
11. The scary story told of a ________________________ ship that seemed to
appear every December.
12. You need the ________________________ sales receipt to return something
to the store.

Read the definitions of the O-P words. Then use each word in an original sentence.
obscurity the condition of being hidden or unknown
official a person who holds an office or position,
as in the government or a business

plunder to rob of goods or property by
force; to loot

opposition the act of being against something; resistance

prescription a physician’s formula for
preparing and ordering a medicine

outskirts the outer edges or areas far from the center,
as of a city

prowl to roam about quietly and slyly, as
in search of food or something to steal

Complete the sentences with words from the box. Hint: You will not use all
the words. Check a dictionary if you need help.
quad

quake

queasy

quell

quince

quite

quota

rampage

redeem

repent

reverse

rote

rouse

rupture

1. Did the criminal ever ________________________ for the suffering he caused
that family?
2. Gladys makes jelly from the fruit of the ________________________ tree in
her yard.
3. If the rebels don’t stop their activities, the government will move in to
________________________ the revolt.
4. At lunchtime, Mickey met Jean in the center of the ________________________.
5. Sally plans to ________________________ her coupons for a new toaster oven.
6. The club met its ________________________ of magazine sales.
7. When it was left alone too long, the dog went on a ________________________
in the yard.
8. The ________________________ lasted only 30 seconds, but it did tremendous
damage.
9. There’s a picture of a building on the ________________________ side of
that coin.
10. Sam feels a little ________________________ whenever he reads in a moving car.
11. That awful smell was caused by a ________________________ in a gas line.

Read the definitions of the Q–R words. Then use each word in an original sentence.

quarantine the isolation of persons exposed to contagious diseases
quart a measure of liquid volume equal to 32 ounces,
two pints, or 1/4 gallon
quaver to tremble or shake in an uncertain way, as a voice
quiz a short or informal test given to a student or students

regret to feel sorrow or grief
about something
resist to work or strive against;
oppose
ripple to form into small waves

quotient the number that results if one number is divided by another
radius a straight line from the center of a circle or sphere to the
circumference or surface
reap to cut down or gather in (grain); harvest (a crop)
1. _____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
10. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Read the definitions of the S-T words. Then use each word in an original sentence.
scheme a plan or plot, especially one that’s secret and sly
shield to protect or guard
squadron in the U.S. Navy, a group or unit of vessels or aircraft

tusk a long, pointed, projecting
tooth, generally one of a pair,
as in the elephant

subtle not direct or obvious; hard to see or understand
syrup a thick, sweet liquid, as that made by boiling sugar with a liquid
tantalize to tease by offering something and then holding it back
thirst dryness in the mouth and throat caused by a need to drink
tithe a tax or offering of 10 percent of one’s income to support a church
transform to greatly change the form or appearance of

Read the definitions of the U-V words. Then use each word in an original sentence.

umiak a large, open Native Alaskan boat, made
of skins drawn over a wooden frame
undefeated not defeated or conquered
ungrateful lacking gratitude; not thankful
unpopular not liked or approved of by a rather
large number of people
untidy not orderly or neat; messy
vandal person who is willfully destructive

velocity rate of motion or speed
verify to prove to be true or accurate; to confirm
vim force or vigor; energy; spirit
violence force used to cause injury or damage

You don’t need X-ray vision to see how worthwhile it
would be to add these W-X words to your
vocabulary.

Complete the sentences with words from the box. Hint: You will not use all the
words. Check a dictionary if you need help.

wad

wade

wallet

warble

waylay

wharf

whiff

X-axis

xenophobe

xerography

xerothermic

xylem

1. As Wendy walked past the jasmine blossoms, she got a _______________________
of their aroma.
2. Dorian labeled the ________________________ on her graph, using very neat
numbers.
3. Few plants were able to survive during that ________________________ period.
4. It’s too bad that Oscar is a ________________________, because he misses
out on some interesting friendships.
5. Jan enjoyed going down to the ________________________ to eat lunch
by the bay.
6. Lottie always liked to keep a small ________________________ of cash tucked
away in her purse.
7. The water was shallow enough for us to ________________________ to the
other side.
8. ________________________ is found in the stems or trunk of a plant.
9. This machine uses the process of ________________________ to make
photocopies.
10. Vic forgot his ________________________, so his friend had to pay for his dinner.
11. We were awakened each morning by the ________________________ of a
lovely bird.

Read the definitions of the W-X words. Then use each word in an original sentence.

wafer a thin, crisp biscuit
xeriscape a landscape design that relies on
little or no water
wasteland a barren, desolate area
xerophyte a plant adapted to growing and
weld joining (pieces of metal) by heating or pressing
surviving in a dry environment
whimper to cry with low, mournful, broken sounds
wreath a woven ring of flowers or leaves
xanthic yellow or yellowish
xebec a small, three-masted vessel, once used by
Algerian pirates in the Mediterranean Sea
xeric having to do with or adapted to a very dry environment

You don’t have to be a word zealot to say yes to
learning these Y-Z words. Anyone can do it!

Complete the sentences with words from the box. Hint: You will not use all the
words. Check a dictionary if you need help.

1. Bruce often has ________________________ and granola
yacht

for breakfast.
2. The ________________________ has lived at the animal

yam
yearling

preserve since its birth.
3. Gwyneth rolled up her ________________________ mat
after the 4:00 class concluded.

yelp

4. Marvin wants to buy a ________________________ when
he earns his first million.

yoga
5. Olivia would rather have a ________________________ than
yogurt

a baked potato.
6. The signs of the ________________________ are used in the

youth
zealot

practice of astrology.
7. The wild-eyed ________________________ tried to convince
us to read his book.

zenith
zeppelin

8. When Martha tripped over the dog, the poor animal let
out a loud ________________________.
9. During her final worldwide tour, the singer was at the

zinnia
zodiac
zori

________________________ of her popularity.
10. After the strap on her ________________________ broke,
Shirley’s foot burned on the hot sand.
11. Zeke’s ________________________ garden is the most
colorful flower garden on the block.

Read the definitions of the Y-Z words. Then use each word in an original sentence.

yahoo a brutish or crude person
yawn to open the mouth wide
with a long intake of breath,
as when sleepy or bored
yeast a substance used in breadmaking that allows the dough to rise
yodel to sing in the form of a
warble, with rapid voice changes
from normal to a shrill falsetto

yoke a curved, wooden
frame that joins two
animals, such as oxen
zeal great interest and
devotion; enthusiasm
zebra a striped animal
related to the horse
zephyr any soft, gentle
wind

zest keen enjoyment; great pleasure
zoom to move with a low-pitched but
loud humming sound

Have some fun with these questions that explore
your knowledge of some interesting words.

Check a dictionary to help you answer the questions.

1. Why would a fakir be unlikely to wear a fedora?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Would it be easier to study the moon at its perigee or at its apogee? Why?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Why would it amaze everyone to see an ascetic attired in silk?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Why would it not be surprising to see a buccaneer on a brigantine?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Why would an impostor travel incognito?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. Would you rather have a necklace of lodestones or rhinestones? Why?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Why would a railroad worker be more likely to use a semaphore than a
metaphor? Why?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Would you be more likely to ride a jennet or a jenny? Why?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Check the dictionary definitions of the boldface words to help
you answer the questions.
1. Would a teacher be more likely to use
legerdemain or a lectern? Explain your
answer.

_____________________________

_______________________________________
_______________________________________
2. Would you rather be regarded as someone
full of rectitude or iniquity? Why?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
3. Would it be more dangerous to spend time with a bellicose person or a comatose
person? Explain your answer.

_________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________
4. Whom would you rather have as a friend—a loquacious person or a mendacious
person? Why? _________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
5. What would make more sense for a recovering patient—a reversible bed or an
adjustable bed? Why? _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
6. Would you be more likely to see a bobolink in a metropolitan or agrarian
setting? Why? _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. If you were an employer, would you rather hire someone who had versatility or
someone who had culpability? Explain your answer.

Use the crossword puzzle answers to correctly complete the sentences.
1. Be sure to buy all the ________________________
you need to make a special meal; make
sure you get everything you need.
2. Mabel buys all her clothing at the
________________________ outlet stores.
3. So the ________________________
won’t show through, you might have
to cut it out of a sheer shirt.
4. This ________________________ store
sells clothing, household goods,
cosmetics, and shoes.
5. It can be expensive to take care of
clothes whose care instructions say, “________________________ only.”
6. You can often get a ________________________ on clothing that is out of season.
7. Doris gave her friend a gift receipt so she could ________________________
the gift if she didn’t like it.
8. Clothing that is of poor ________________________ never lasts very long.
9. Patrick bought his mom some perfume at the ________________________ counter.
10. If you shop with a ________________________ card, you don’t have to carry a lot of
cash with you.
11. The ________________________ showed that the ________________________ had
been marked down three times.
12. James bought his athletic shoes on ________________________ for 25 percent off.

Use the crossword puzzle answers to correctly complete the sentences.
You will use one word twice.

1. Every ____________________________ must
take an oath before taking the stand.
2. The teenager got six months’
____________________________ for his
minor offense.
3. The ____________________________
of innocence was quite a surprise
to everyone in the courtroom.
4. Every accused person is entitled
to a fair ____________________________.
5. A ____________________________ of one’s
peers listens to the arguments made in court.
6. The lawyer for the ____________________________ accused the young woman
of stealing.
7. The newspaper reports showed sympathy for the ____________________________,
who had never been accused of anything before.
8. The ____________________________ attorney claimed that his client had
an airtight alibi.
9. The ____________________________ called in a series of expert witnesses
to back up the plaintiff’s claim.
10. The witness had to swear to tell the ____________________________.
11. The ____________________________ wore a black robe and a serious expression.
12. The upset family of the convicted man said that ____________________________
had not been served.

1. Once the basic ____________________________
was in place, Helen added her favorite
flowers here and there.
2. The ____________________________
system in the yard consisted of
16 sprinklers and some drip hoses.
3. For the roof covering, George preferred
____________________________ rather
than tiles.
4. The general contractor referred
to the ____________________________ to see what the architect intended.
5. The ____________________________ who drew up the plan is well-known in
the city for his innovative designs.
6. The Johnsons enjoyed eating dinner on their new ____________________________
in the backyard.
7. The ____________________________ installed new pipes and fixtures in the
bathroom and kitchen.
8. Because of zoning restrictions, the city was reluctant to issue
____________________________ for an extra unit.
9. The ____________________________ in the driveway had been stamped to
look like cobblestones.
10. The ____________________________ recommended installing lights under the
kitchen cabinets.
11. ____________________________ of the new home began in October and was
completed in May.
12. The general ____________________________ for the project hired people he had
worked with before.

1. Sally Ride was the first female American
____________________________ to go into space.
2. A ____________________________ is used to
propel fireworks, missiles, and space vehicles.
3. NASA plans to ____________________________
another rocket in about three months.
4. The weather satellite is now in
____________________________ around Earth.
5. Once a spaceship enters the atmosphere,
the force of ____________________________
pulls it toward Earth.
6. Earth is part of a ____________________________
called the Milky Way.
7. Jupiter is the largest ____________________________ in our solar system.
8. Our ____________________________ revolves around the earth but does not
rotate on an axis.
9. Because of the great distances between stars, ____________________________
travel would take light years.
10. ____________________________ travel seems within the reach of science in the
relatively near future.
11. Scientists record the radio waves sent by the distant ___________________________.
12. No scientist has ever actually seen a ____________________________.

1. Gene takes a ____________________________
pill the first thing each morning.
2. Foods that are good for quick
energy before a race are
____________________________.
3. Because she works out
regularly, Gretchen has a very
____________________________ body.
4. Good ____________________________,
proper rest, and adequate exercise
are necessary for good health.
5. Before and after his workouts, Timothy
likes to slowly ____________________________ his muscles.
6. During aerobic exercise, you should raise your ____________________________
for at least 20 minutes.
7. Edward is under a great deal of ____________________________ at work, which is
making him ill.
8. One way to build strong muscles is to work them to ____________________________
and then rest.
9. You might be able to cure ____________________________ by getting plenty of
exercise during the day.
10. The first ____________________________ of a cold might be a scratchy throat.
11. The more muscular you are, the higher your rate of ____________________________
will be.
12. The best ____________________________ for a cold is rest and plenty of liquids.

1. When she took her ____________________________,
Brenda went fly-fishing in Montana.
2. The ____________________________
requested that his parts be
manufactured in three months.
3. Mark, Joel, Katie, and Julia are
on the ____________________________
to plan the company picnic.
4. As an ____________________________
of this company, you are expected
to get to work by nine o’clock.
5. This is a huge ____________________________,
and we’ll need everyone’s cooperation to finish it.
6. The ____________________________ for the new project is July 18.
7. The ad claimed, “We are an equal-opportunity ____________________________.”
8. The ____________________________ at this company include a yearly two-week
paid vacation and 10 paid sick days.
9. Diane’s ____________________________ was 10 percent higher than it had
been at her previous job.
10. Pete gets paid time-and-a-half for working ____________________________.
11. As Alicia’s ____________________________, Tyrone is responsible for all of her
clerical work.
12. Jacob is the ____________________________ and chief executive officer of
his own company.

1. The ____________________________
are the ancient burial places of
Egyptian pharaohs.
2. While on vacation Jenny’s favorite
means of ____________________________
is a bicycle.
3. Mona’s ____________________________
picture is unusually good.
4. At the ____________________________
checkpoint, Martha had to take off
her shoes and her jacket.
5. The ____________________________ on
that airline includes a meal and a movie.
6. Jed had to buy a bigger ____________________________ so he could pack
enough clothes for his trip.
7. Marianne’s ____________________________ room was a large one overlooking
Central Park.
8. Ted’s ____________________________ plans included a visit to the Lincoln
Memorial.
9. Victoria speaks French, so she can ____________________________ for Dan
when they’re in Paris.
10. The only ____________________________ Hank bought in Mexico was a sombrero.
11. Cynthia took more than 200 ____________________________, some in color
and some in black and white.
12. On her African ____________________________, Karen saw zebras, elephants,
and lions.

1. The ____________________________ of the
United States consists of seven articles.
2. Some 26 ____________________________
have been made to the Constitution.
3. The Supreme Court is the highest body in
the ____________________________ branch.
4. The ____________________________ office in
the United States is held by the president.
5. Congress makes up the
____________________________ branch
of the federal government.
6. The ____________________________ has 100 members, two from each state.
7. John F. Kennedy was a ____________________________.
8. Ronald Reagan was a ____________________________.
9. The ____________________________ to the Constitution begins with the words
“We the people of the United States.”
10. Members of the ____________________________
give the president information and advice.
11. The president is elected by members of the
____________________________ college.
12. A ____________________________ uses many
methods to influence legislators on behalf of
special interests.
13. The Supreme Court’s job is to make
____________________________ about
important legal cases.

1. ____________________________ at the
afternoon party included appetizers
and beverages.
2. ____________________________ dress was
required, so Richard rented a tuxedo.
3. A good ____________________________
should provide each person with
some information about the other.
4. As the party ended, Meg and Dylan
were in the middle of a long
____________________________.
5. Michelle’s dance ____________________________ knows all the latest steps.
6. The ____________________________ for the party was Jeffrey’s sixteenth birthday.
7. All of the ____________________________ had a wonderful time at the party.
8. The ____________________________ of Arielle’s graduation lasted for three days.
9. The band, the singer, and the clown all provided ____________________________
for the party guests.
10. The ____________________________ table was adorned with fine linen and
sparkling crystal.
11. About an hour before the main course, the ____________________________
were served.
12. The food prepared by the young ____________________________ was quite
delicious.

A. 1. a 3. h
5. d 7. g
2. c 4. f
6. e 8. b
B. 1. named after Attabiya, a
quarter in Baghdad
2. after Jean Martinet, a
17th century French
army officer
3. after Rudolf Diesel, born in
Paris of German parents,
who improved the internal
combustion engine
4. after John Duns Scotus,
whose once accepted
writings were ridiculed in
the 16th century
5. after Joseph Guillotin, the
19th century French
physician who invented it
PAGE 79
ACROSS: 3.

1. hold a candle to, playing
second fiddle
2. eating them out of house
and home, lay down the
law
3. take it easy, make ends
meet
4. come clean, turned a deaf
ear to
5. make up for, pull strings
6. hit the nail on the head,
fall short
7. have it both ways, get
away with
PAGE 90

Answers will vary. Check
students’ sentences for correct
use of the words.
PAGE 114

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

yogurt
yearling
yoga
yacht
yam
zodiac

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

zealot
yelp
zenith
zori
zinnia

PAGE 115

Answers will vary. Check
students’ sentences for correct
use of the words.
PAGE 116

1. because a fakir is a Hindu or
Muslim holy person who is a
beggar, and a fedora is a hat
that such a beggar would not
be able to afford
2. at its perigee because then
the moon is closest to the
earth
3. because an ascetic is
someone who has chosen not
to have pleasure or comforts,
and silk is a luxury cloth
4. because a buccaneer is a
pirate and a brigantine is a
type of ship

5. because an impostor would
be hiding his identity, and
going incognito would
accomplish this purpose
6. rhinestones, because
lodestones are naturally
magnetized pieces of
magnetite, an iron ore, not
a stone used in jewelry
7. because a semaphore is a
tower with movable arms
used to signal railroad trains
8. a jennet because it is a small
Spanish horse
PAGE 117

1. a lectern because a teacher
often gives a lecture, and a
lectern is a piece of furniture
that can hold notes and a
microphone, whereas
legerdemain is the use of
trickery or magic
2. rectitude because it is
PAGE 120
honesty and goodness in
ACROSS:
principles and conduct,
2. swear
whereas iniquity is great
6. jury
evil or injustice
7. testify
3. a bellicose person because
9. parole
such a person would be likely
10. sentence
to pick a fight, whereas a
11. trial
comatose person is in a coma
14. summation
4. a loquacious person because
15. defendant
such a person is talkative,
16. truth
whereas a mendacious
17. argue
person tells lies
18. defense
5. an adjustable bed because
DOWN:
such a bed can move up and
1. plaintiff
down and bend to make the
3. witness
patient more comfortable; a
4. probation
bed would not be considered
5. prosecution
reversible
6. justice
6. in an agrarian setting,
8. verdict
because the bobolink, a bird,
12. attorney
is more likely to be found in
13. judge
the country than in the city
PAGE 121
7. a person who had versatility
1. witness
because such a person would
2. probation
be able to do many different
3. verdict
tasks, whereas someone who
4. trial
had culpability would be
5. jury
guilty of some wrongdoing
6. prosecution
PAGE 118
7. defendant
ACROSS:
8. defense
2. compare
9. prosecution
6. discount
10. truth
9. ingredients
11. judge
10. label
12. justice
11. factory
12. comparison
13. sale
14. credit
16. exchange
17. cosmetics
18. guarantee