Desertec

Desertec
Outline
• What and who is Desertec?
• Power Plants Overview
• Solar irradiation in EUMENA
• Concentrating solar power (CSP) Power Plant
• Energy Transportation
• Advantages and Problems of Desertec
What and who is Desertec?
• a global civil society initiative aiming to shape a sustainable future
• formed of scientists, politicians and economists
What and who is Desertec?
• a global civil society initiative aiming to shape a sustainable future
• formed of scientists, politicians and economists
What do they do?
• inform society and politicians
• promote establishment of framework conditions
• support knowledge transfer
• foster exchange and co-operation
What and who is Desertec?
• a global civil society initiative aiming to shape a sustainable future
• formed of scientists, politicians and economists
What do they do?
• inform society and politicians
• promote establishment of framework conditions
• support knowledge transfer
• foster exchange and co-operation
What is the concept?
• choosing the best locations for renewable energy production
• transport it to the places of demand
Eurpoean-Union-Middle-East-North-African (EUMENA) Concept
Power Plants Overview
Power Plant (renewable)
Energy properties
Wind Power

weather fluctuations
seasonal and weather fluctuations
(just in Europe)
 expensive

Photovoltaic
seasonal fluctuations
 good storability
 high area demand

Biomass
Geothermal
no fluctuations
 expensive

seasonal fluctuations
 good storability
 exhausted
 seasonal and weather fluctuations
(just in Europe)
 good storability
 expensive

Hydropower
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)
Power Plants Overview
Power Plant (renewable)
Energy properties
Wind Power

weather fluctuations
seasonal and weather fluctuations
(just in Europe)
 expensive

Photovoltaic
seasonal fluctuations
 good storability
 high area demand

Biomass
no fluctuations
 expensive

Geothermal
seasonal fluctuations
 good storability
 exhausted
 seasonal and weather fluctuations
(just in Europe)
 good storability
 expensive

Hydropower
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)
→ Concentrate on CSP Power Plants
Solar irradiation in EUMENA
Solar irradiation in EUMENA
→ large increase toward southern countries
→ energy production a lot more efficient in North Africa
Solar irradiation in EUMENA
Solar irradiation in EUMENA
→ considerably less fluctuation in North Africa than in Europe
Concentrating solar power (CSP) Power Plant
Concentrating solar power (CSP) Power Plant
Concentrating solar power (CSP) Power Plant
Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Solar_troughs_in_the_Negev_desert_of_Israel.jpg
Concentrating solar power (CSP) Power Plant
Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Solarplant-050406-05.jpg
Concentrating solar power (CSP) Power Plant
Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Solarplant-050406-04.jpg
Energy Transportation
Values for transportation of 5 GW
Energy Transportation
Values for transportation of 5 GW
Energy Transportation
Energy Transportation
→ HVDC better adapted
for transporting
energy over more
than 1000 km
Energy Transportation
→ HVDC better adapted
for transporting
energy over more
than 1000 km
→ Summarized we get
an energy loss of
about 3% per 1000 km
for HVDC
Vision of the HVDC electricity grid
Advantages and Problems of
Desertec
Advantages
• Reducing Emission of CO2
• Sustainable production of energy
• Assuring electrical power supply for Europe
• Advantages in MENA:
• Creating jobs and improving infrastructure
• Thermal desalination of sea water (CO2-free)
Technical problems
Problem:
• Conditions for the mirrors of the CSPs are very hard, they
have to resist UV-radiation, storms etc.
Solution:
• There is a safety position for the mirrors
Example:
• Mirrors in the Mojave desert (California) resist already for
over 20 years different kinds of storms, breaking only 0,4%
per year
Economical problems
Problem:
• The big companies involved in Desertec want to
extend their monopolies
• Small companies cannot afford to join in Desertec
Counter-argument:
• Generating only 17% of the necessary energy is no
monopoly
Economical problems
Problem:
• Instead of investing the money in MENA there can
be achieved much more in Europe
Counter-argument:
• The Energy that can be generated in Europe isn’t
enough to cover the consumption
• Especially to compensate the seasonal fluctuations
Economical problems
Problem:
• Who pays for it?
• Generating power with CSPs is not profitable in
comparison to conventional possibilities
• Not many investors are interested at the moment
• The involved companies are able to afford only
about 30% of the costs
• It is not possible to schedule such a big project
properly or to estimate the costs correctly
Political problems
Problem:
• There are to many involved parties
• Every state will try to take advantage, so there will
be much resistance in MENA
• Ruling parties primarily want to keep their power
(especially family clans)
• They don’t care for the progress of the economy
• Due to the Arab Spring the situation may have
changed in a good or bad way
Political problems
Problem:
• Importing too much energy will create political
dependencies
Counter-argument:
• Since the energy will be supplied from many states
the problem of political dependencies will decrease
• Europe is already dependent (Russian-Ukrainian gas
conflict)
• Europe is already importing oil and gas from Algeria
and Libya
Risk of terroristic assaults
Solution:
• Only 17% of the necessary energy will be imported
• There will still exist back-up power plants for
compensating the fluctuations of renewable energy
sources
• So it will be possible to compensate the missing
energy for a while
• Economic progress and better education decrease
this risk
Summary
• Desertec is a concept to solve the energy problem in the world
• It concentrates on the production of energy in the most efficient places
(mostly deserts)
• CSP power plants in North Africa are very suitable to produce a large
part (app. 17 %) of the European energy demand in the future
• The transportation takes place via HVDC, which has a loss rate of about
3% over 1000 km
• Investment costs for an EUMENA HVDC energy grid are high
• From the technical point of view there are no big problems
• Political situation in MENA very unclear and not predictable
• Not profitable yet, not enough Investors
Thank you for your attention!
Sources
1. Trans-CSP study:
http://www.dlr.de/tt/Portaldata/41/Resources/dokumente/institut/system/
projects/TRANS-CSP_Full_Report_Final.pdf
2. Desertec Foundation: http://www.desertec.org/
3. SolarPaces: http://www.solarpaces.org/inicio.php
4. http://www.welt.de/print/wams/vermischtes/article13726066/Stromoasein-der-Sahara.html
5. http://www.managermagazin.de/unternehmen/energie/0,2828,635955,00.html
6. http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,15538574,00.html
7. http://www.stern.de/wissen/natur/desertec-startschuss-fuerwuestenstrom-projekt-706083.html
8. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertec
Why not use hydrogen to transport energy?