The winners of that go into a Europe/Oceania play-off against Samoa for the chance to complete Pool A at next year’s global showpiece.

A World Rugby statement read: “While the independent disputes committee has determined that mistakes were not made in bad faith by Rugby Europe and some participating unions, World Rugby is extremely disappointed with the unfortunate and avoidable events, as expressed when announcing the convening of the independent committee.

“The committee’s decision and findings clearly demonstrate issues with the processes adopted by some of the participating unions relating to the eligibility of players as well as the delivery and organisation of the Rugby Europe Championship.”

The unions of Spain, Belgium and Romania have a 14-day window in which to appeal against the panel’s decision.