Examples of possible essay & multiple choice questions for final exam

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School

University of Toronto St. George

Department

Political Science

Course

POL101Y1

Professor

T A

Semester

Winter

Description

POL101 Tutorial
th
April 4 , 2011
Global governance, & governance beyond the state for one of the essay questions
Neoliberal Institutionalism
• Neoliberal institutionalism (theory of IR): complex interdependence, states are
the relevant units of analysis, act according to their national interests
• Realists think that international organizations are tools for the powerful to
exercise their interests
• Neoliberal institutionalists believe institutions matter in themselves
• Zero-sum, positive sums
• Mitigate the affects of anarchy; overcome collective action problems (individual
has to take on a cost, or free ride assuming that someone else will do it; problem
of organizing people into groups in order to do something) international
organizations
• Collective problems internationally are commons problems (how to manage
common resources)
• Everyone has an interest in free-riding, and hopes someone else will fix it
What does global governance look like?
• World trade organization sets up rules for how trade can happen, provided the
rules of the game for international trade
• Kyoto Protocol sets out goals & targets that countries should aspire to
• G20, G8 deliberative forum (countries get together)
• Different inter-governmental organizations in which countries get together to deal
with certain issues
• Functional specialization (world health organization that deals with global
epidemics, international automatic energy agency meltdown in Japan)
Challenges to global governance:
• Collective action
• Enforcement
• Tension between the interests of the state (states answer to their own
constituents, than figuring out a way to deal with issues such as climate change)
AND the needs of cooperation
www.notesolution.com • Participation global governance is supposed to be participatory, however some
are more equal than others
World Bank Reading:
• Dysfunctional organization, the problem that is raised is one of organizational
adaptation (you set up an organization, things change, but the organization does
not = problem)
• Organization no longer well adjusted to do what it was once supposed to do
• People who work there are on short-contracts, they are more concerned about
keeping their jobs
• System only as strong as its weakest link (if a problem happens in one place it
affects everyone)
European Union
• Only effective international governmental organization beyond the nation-
state is the EU
• Single common market, no barriers to trade within the union (potentially more
integrated than Canada in a narrow-sense)
• 1957 Treaty of Rome, European Court of Justice decided that this was a
constitution (no one ever agreed that EU law was superior to national law)
• Lisbon Treaty same as the Treaty of Rome, some characteristics of
constitutional law
• Key institutions of the EU: the court, the commission (supranational part,
there is a commissioner from each country that ac