An Introduction to Manifolds by Loring W. Tu

Manifolds, the higher-dimensional analogues of tender curves and surfaces, are basic gadgets in sleek arithmetic. Combining features of algebra, topology, and research, manifolds have additionally been utilized to classical mechanics, common relativity, and quantum box thought. during this streamlined creation to the topic, the speculation of manifolds is gifted with the purpose of supporting the reader in attaining a speedy mastery of the fundamental themes. by way of the top of the publication the reader may be in a position to compute, a minimum of for easy areas, essentially the most uncomplicated topological invariants of a manifold, its de Rham cohomology. alongside the way in which the reader acquires the information and talents helpful for additional research of geometry and topology. the second one version includes fifty pages of recent fabric. Many passages were rewritten, proofs simplified, and new examples and workouts further. This paintings can be used as a textbook for a one-semester graduate or complicated undergraduate direction, in addition to through scholars engaged in self-study. The needful point-set topology is incorporated in an appendix of twenty-five pages; different appendices evaluation evidence from genuine research and linear algebra. tricks and options are supplied to the various routines and difficulties. Requiring merely minimum undergraduate necessities, "An advent to Manifolds" is additionally a great beginning for the author's booklet with Raoul Bott, "Differential types in Algebraic Topology."

The idea of connections is significant not just in natural arithmetic (differential and algebraic geometry), but in addition in mathematical and theoretical physics (general relativity, gauge fields, mechanics of continuum media). The now-standard method of this topic was once proposed through Ch. Ehresmann 60 years in the past, attracting first mathematicians and later physicists by way of its obvious geometrical simplicity.

The current. quantity is the second one quantity of the ebook "Singularities of Differentiable Maps" by way of V. 1. Arnold, A. N. Varchenko and S. M. Gusein-Zade. the 1st quantity, subtitled "Classification of severe issues, caustics and wave fronts", used to be released by way of Moscow, "Nauka", in 1982. it will likely be observed during this textual content easily as "Volume 1".

This ebook comprises the complaints of the specific consultation, Geometric tools in Mathematical Physics, held on the joint AMS-CMS assembly in Vancouver in August 1993. The papers amassed right here include a couple of new ends up in differential geometry and its functions to physics. the main topics comprise black holes, singularities, censorship, the Einstein box equations, geodesics, index conception, submanifolds, CR-structures, and space-time symmetries.

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X1 ∂ x2 ∂ x1 ∂ x2 Therefore, d 2 ( f dxI ) = 0. (iii) This is simply the definition of the exterior derivative of a function as the differential of the function. 8 (Characterization of the exterior derivative). 7 uniquely characterize exterior differentiation on an open set U in Rn ; that is, if D : Ω∗ (U) → Ω∗ (U) is (i) an antiderivation of degree 1 such that (ii) D2 = 0 and (iii) (D f )(X ) = X f for f ∈ C∞ (U) and X ∈ X(U), then D = d. Proof. Since every k-form on U is a sum of terms such as f dxi1 ∧ · · · ∧ dxik , by linearity it suffices to show that D = d on a k-form of this type.

A linear subspace of V of dimension n − 1 is called a hyperplane in V . (b) Show that a nonzero linear functional on a vector space V is determined up to a multiplicative constant by its kernel, a hyperplane in V . In other words, if f and g : V → R are nonzero linear functionals and ker f = ker g, then g = c f for some constant c ∈ R. 3. A basis for k-tensors Let V be a vector space of dimension n with basis e1 , . . , en . Let α 1 , . . , α n be the dual basis for V ∨ . Show that a basis for the space Lk (V ) of k-linear functions on V is {α i1 ⊗ · · · ⊗ α ik } for all multi-indices (i1 , .