China, India End Military Stand-Off Along Disputed Border

Chinese and Indian troops have both withdrawn from a disputed border region, China’s Foreign Ministry announced Wednesday. The mutual withdrawal ended a two-week long stand-off that cast a shadow over Chinese President Xi Jinping’s first official visit to India.

The stand-off in the disputed region of Ladakh began just prior to Xi’s arrival in India on September 18. PLA troops crossed the Line of Actual Control (LoAC) that separates Indian and Chinese-controlled territory. The PLA troops were met by Indian forces; at the height of the stand-off, each side had about 1,000 troops in the area.

The stand-off continued until late last week, when Indian Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj and her Chinese counterpart, Wang Yi, met on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in New York. “Both nations sat down and resolved it,” Swaraj told reporters after the meeting. The two sides agreed to withdraw their troops to their previous positions on either side of the LoAC. Withdrawals began on September 26 and wrapped up September 30. China’s Foreign Ministry confirmed that the process had been completed as planned. “On Sept. 30, the frontier defense troops of the two countries completed simultaneous withdrawal according to the steps formulated by the two sides and restored peace and tranquility in the area,” the ministry stated in a press release.

While the incident ended without any major conflict, the timing did cause many in India to question the sincerity of Xi Jinping’s outreach to New Delhi. Given that a similar border stand-off occurred just before Chinese Premier Li Keqiang’s visit to India in 2013, Indian media saw this month’s incident as a political signal to India. The border stand-off cast a cloud over Xi’s first presidential trip to India, with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi including a stern reference to the border issues in his official remarks. Modi emphasized India’s “serious concern over repeated incidents along the border.”

At the same time, however, Modi called for a “satisfactory resolution” of the border issue, a stance that Xi echoed as well. Speaking at the Council on Foreign Relations during his U.S. tour this week, Modi again expressed his confidence that “India and China are capable of resolving issues through talks.” Both sides have in theory indicated their willingness to negotiate a settlement to the issue, but the devil, obviously, is in the details — the give-and-take and compromise that would be required to solve the border dispute.

In the meantime, both sides stressed that border stand-offs could be a result of misunderstanding rather than malice. In a monthly press briefing, a Chinese Defense Ministry spokesman emphasized that “it is quite natural for some incidents to happen along the China-India border” because the border is not demarcated. During a press conference during Xi Jinping’s visit, Modi agreed that confusion over the exact location of the LoAC caused many of the border incidents. He suggested that China and India resume talks to clarify to LoAC.

With the recent stand-off resolved, both sides now have a new opportunity to make good on their promise that the border issue will not hinder the overall bilateral relationship.

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Robert A. Kapp is senior advisor to the China Program at the Carter Center. He has been principal of Robert A. Kapp and Associates, a business consulting firm, since 2004. From 1994 through 2004 he served as President of the United States-China Business Council…