The 2008 NATSISS was conducted from August 2008 to April 2009 and is the third national social survey of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians conducted by the ABS, building on the 1994 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Survey (NATSIS) and the 2002 NATSISS.

The survey collected information from approximately 13,300 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults and children living in private dwellings in remote and non-remote areas, including discrete communities. The 2008 survey was the first time data was collected in the NATSISS for children aged 0–14 years of age.

The estimates are based on 2006 Census of Population and Housing counts of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians adjusted for those who may not have been counted (net undercount - as measured by the Post Enumeration Survey). These provide the most recent estimates available to compare the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous populations.

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