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Abstract:

This invention relates to water based slurry compositions of cosmetic and
personal care products and methods of making and using water based slurry
compositions for cosmetic and personal care products such as foundations,
eye shadows, lotions, and creams.

Claims:

1. A water based cosmetic slurry composition, comprising at least one or
more pigments and a substrate,(a) wherein the pigment or substrate has a
surface that has been chemically immobilized with at least one
surface-treatment agent; and(b) wherein the pigment adheres to the
substrate,wherein the pigment and substrate are dispersed in a water
medium.

2. (canceled)

3. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claim 1, wherein there
are two or more surface treatment agents, one or more optionally
chemically immobilized onto the surface of a pigment, wherein the first
or second surface treatment agent is selected form any of the surface
treatment agents of formulas I to XVI in combination.

4. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the
first surface-treatment agent is a compound represented by any one of
Formulas I-VIII: ##STR00020## Wherein,Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are independently
selected from hydrogen, hydroxy group, alkoxy group or oxo group, and at
least one of Y1, Y2, Y3, or Y4 is a hydroxy group; andM is either
hydrogen, or metal or its equivalent (organic base such as
triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine, etc.); or ##STR00021##
Wherein,Y5, Y6, Y7 and Y8 are independently selected from hydrogen,
hydroxy group, alkoxy group or oxo group, and at least one of these is a
hydroxy group; andM is either hydrogen, or metal or its equivalent
(organic base such as triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysin); or
##STR00022## Wherein,Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5 are independently selected
from hydrogen, hydroxy group, alkoxy group or oxo group, and at least one
of these is a hydroxy group; andM is hydrogen, or metal or its equivalent
(organic base such as triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine); or
##STR00023## Wherein,R2 is an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl,
alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be
substituted by one or more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted
by one or more alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;R2 has 8 to 12 carbons
(C8.about.C24);R3 is ethylene, propylene, or butylene;n is an integer
from 1 to 60; andM is hydrogen, or metal or its equivalent (organic base
such as triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine); or ##STR00024##
Wherein,R1, R2 and R3 are independently an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl,
alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be
substituted by one or more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted
by one or more alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;Or R1, R2 and R3 has 1 to
24 carbons (C1.about.C24); andn is an integer from 1 to 24; or
##STR00025## Wherein,R1 and R3 are independently an alkyl, alkylamide,
alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which
may be substituted by one or more hydroxy group, and may further be
substituted by one or more alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;R1, R2 and R3
is 1 to 24 carbons (C1.about.C24);n is an integer from 1 to 24; andM is
hydrogen, or metal or its equivalent (organic base such as
triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine); or ##STR00026##
Wherein,R1 is independently an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl,
alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be
substituted by one or more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted
by one or more alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;R1, R2 and R3 is 1 to 24
carbons (C1.about.C24);n is an integer from 1 to 24; andM is hydrogen, or
metal or its equivalent (organic base such as triethanolamine,
aminomethyl propanol, lysine); or ##STR00027## Wherein,R1 is an alkyl,
alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group,
all of which may be substituted by at least one or more hydroxy group,
and may further be substituted by one or more hydroxy, alkoxyl, carboxyl,
or oxo group;R1 is 8 to 24 carbons (C8.about.C24); andM is hydrogen, or
metal or its equivalent (organic base such as triethanolamine,
aminomethyl propanol, lysine).

7. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the
surface-treatment agent is a compound represented by any one of Formulas
IX-XVI: ##STR00028## Wherein,R3 is an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl,
alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be
substituted by one or more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted
by one or more alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;R1 is 8 to 24 carbons
(C8.about.C24); andM is hydrogen, or metal or its equivalent (organic
base such as triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine); or
##STR00029## Wherein,R4 and R5 are each independently alkyl, alkylamide,
alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, amino acid group,
all of which may be substituted by one or more hydroxy group, and may
further be substituted by one or more alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;R4
is 8 to 24 carbons (C8.about.C24);R10 is hydrogen or methyl; andM is
hydrogen, or metal or its equivalent (organic base such as
triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine); or ##STR00030##
Wherein,R3 is an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl,
cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be substituted by one or
more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted by one or more
alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;Or R3 is 8 to 24 carbons (C8.about.C24);
andM is hydrogen, or metal or its equivalent (organic base such as
triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine); or ##STR00031##
Wherein,R1 and R2 is an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy,
aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be substituted by one
or more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted by one or more
alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;R1 and R2 are each independently 8 to 24
carbons (C8.about.C24);R3 and R4 are amino acid residual moieties;R5 and
R6 are an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl,
arylalkyl group, all of which may be substituted by one or more hydroxy
group, and may further be substituted by one or more alkoxyl, carboxyl,
or oxo group; andat least one of R3, R4 and R6 has a carboxylic group, of
which structure is either an acid form or a salt form, which is a metal,
such as sodium, potassium, etc. or its equivalent; organic base such as
triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine; or ##STR00032## Wherein,R1
and R2 are each independently alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl,
alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be
substituted by one or more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted
by one or more alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;Or R1 and R2 are each
independently 8 to 24 carbons (C8.about.C24); andM is hydrogen, or metal
or its equivalent (organic base such as triethanolamine, aminomethyl
propanol, lysine); or ##STR00033## Wherein,R1 and R2 are each
independently alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl,
cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be substituted by one or
more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted by one or more
alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;Or R1 and R2 are each independently 8 to
24 carbons (C8.about.C24); andM is hydrogen, or metal or its equivalent
(organic base such as triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine); or
##STR00034## Wherein,R1 is an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl,
alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be
substituted by one or more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted
by one or more alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;Or R1 is 8 to 24 carbons
(C8.about.C24); andX is an alkoxy (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy,
isobutoxy) or a halogen (Cl, Br); or ##STR00035## Wherein,R3,
R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are each
independently an alkyl, alkyl amide, alkenyl, alkylnyl, alkoxy, aryl,
cycloalkyl, or arylalkyl group, all of which may be substituted by one or
more hydroxyl, alkyoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo groups; andn is an integer from
1 to 60.

8. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the
surface treatment agent is hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

21. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claim 20, wherein the
oil is a glyceride, ester, silicone or derivative thereof, a lipophilic
vitamin, or a combination thereof.

22. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claim 20, wherein the
oil is selected from a monoglyceride, diglyceride, triglyceride, a fatty
acid ester, a hydroxyl acid ester, a hydrocarbon, a mineral oil, a castor
oil derivative or a vegetable-based oil.

43. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claim 1, further
comprising a preservative or fragrance.

44. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the
composition comprises a suspension.

45. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the
water based cosmetic slurry composition color is fully extended.

46. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claim 1, wherein
blending the slurry with a second water based cosmetic slurry composition
for a period of 10 minutes or less results in a composition free of
pigment, color or shade streaks.

47. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claim 1, wherein
blending the slurry with a second water based cosmetic slurry composition
for a period of 10 minutes or less results in a composition with a
substantially uniform color, shade hue, chroma (saturation) or lightness.

48. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claims 46 or 47,
wherein the blending is for a period of 5 minutes or less.

49. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claims 46 or 47,
wherein the blending is at 600 rpm for a 200 gram batch.

50. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the
surface-treatment agent is about 1% to 15% by weight of the slurry.

51. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the
amount of pigment is less than about 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% or 10%
by weight of the slurry.

52. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the
pigment is substantially uniformly distributed onto the surface of the
substrate.

53. The water based cosmetic slurry composition of claim 1, wherein the
slurry lacks one or more of a cosmetically acceptable oil, emollient,
emulsifier, fat, fatty acid ester, fatty alcohol, hydrocarbon, wax or
paraffin.

54. A cosmetic or makeup product comprising the water based cosmetic
slurry composition of claim 1.

55. A personal care product comprising the water based cosmetic slurry
composition of claim 1.

56. A container, said container comprising the water based cosmetic slurry
composition of claim 1.

[0002]This invention relates to water based slurry compositions for
cosmetic and personal care products and methods of making and using water
based slurry compositions for cosmetic and personal care products such as
foundations, eye shadows, lotions, and creams.

INTRODUCTION

[0003]Current liquid cosmetics and make-ups on market employ hydrophobic
additives and ingredients, such as oils, emollients, emulsifiers, fats,
hydrocarbons, waxes and paraffins to establish resistance against sebum
and sweat (perspiration). Existing cosmetic and make-up products exhibit,
for example, a heavy or oily feel; uneven color; short or uneven wear;
low or irregular spreadibility; low skin adhesion; and shade changes on
the skin over time (not long lasting).

SUMMARY

[0004]This invention relates to water based slurry compositions, and
methods for preparing water based slurry compositions. A water based
cosmetic slurry composition includes one or more pigments and a
substrate, wherein the pigment or substrate has a surface that has been
chemically immobilized with at least one surface-treatment agent (e.g.,
hydrophobic or hydrophilic); wherein the pigment adheres to the
substrate, and wherein the pigment and substrate are dispersed in a water
medium. A water based cosmetic slurry composition also includes one or
more pigments and a substrate, wherein the pigment or substrate has a
surface that has been chemically immobilized with at least two
surface-treatment agents (e.g., hydrophobic or hydrophilic); wherein the
pigment adheres to the substrate, and wherein the pigment and substrate
are dispersed in a water medium. A method for preparing a water based
slurry composition includes providing at least one pigment and a
substrate; contacting the substrate or pigment with a surface-treatment
agent to produce a surface-modified substrate or pigment material,
thereby producing a substrate having adhered thereto the pigment;
blending the material until it is fully or partially extended, and
dispersing the blended material in a liquid water based (aqueous) medium.

[0005]In various embodiments, there are two or more surface treatment
agents, one or more optionally chemically immobilized onto the surface of
a pigment. In particular aspects, a first or second surface treatment
agent is selected form any of the surface treatment agents of formulas I
to XVI in combination. In further particular aspects, a first
surface-treatment agent is a compound represented by any one of Formulas
I-VIII set forth herein. In additional particular aspects, a second
surface-treatment agent is devoid of hydroxyl groups and alkylene oxide
moieties, or is a compound represented by any one of Formulas IX-XVI set
forth herein. In other additional aspects, a surface treatment agent is
hydrophobic or hydrophilic, or at least one of the two surface treatment
agents is hydrophobic. In still further aspects, a first
surface-treatment agent has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of about 10
or higher (e.g., ranging from about 10 to 18 or 14 to 18) and contains at
least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a
carboxyl group or a salt of a carboxyl group, a phosphorous group or a
salt of a phosphorous group, a sulfur group or a salt of a sulfur group,
and a silane group. In yet additional aspects, a second surface-treatment
agent has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of about 9 or lower (e.g.,
ranging from about 1 to 9 or 1 to 4) and contains at least one functional
group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group or a salt of
a carboxyl group, a phosphorous group or a salt of a phosphorous group, a
sulfur group or a salt of a sulfur group. In such aspects, a difference
in the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values between the first and the
second surface-treatment agent can be at least about 5.

[0007]In certain embodiments, a water based cosmetic slurry composition
has a surface-treatment agent in an amount of about 1% to 15% by weight
of the slurry. In particular aspects, a surface-treatment agent in an
amount of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15% by
weight of the slurry.

[0008]In certain embodiments, a water based cosmetic slurry composition
has a water percentage of about 10% to 90% by weight of the slurry. In
particular aspects, water percentage is greater than about 40% or 50% by
weight of the slurry, or at least 60, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or more by
weight of the slurry.

[0009]Water based slurry compositions can include additional cosmetically
acceptable or compatible ingredients, in various amounts (e.g., 0.1 to
20% by weight of the slurry, or less than 20% by weight of the slurry).
In particular embodiments, a water based cosmetic slurry includes a
cosmetically acceptable oil, emollient, emulsifier, fat, fatty acid
ester, fatty alcohol, hydrocarbon, wax or paraffin, a preservative or a
fragrance.

[0011]Pigments can adhere to the substrate or substrate can adhere to
pigment. Pigments can be substantially uniformly distributed onto the
surface of the substrate. Pigments include two or more (e.g., three,
four, five or more different pigments). Pigments can be substantially
deagglomerated or defloculated. Pigments can have the same or have a
different color, shade, hue, chroma (saturation) or lightness. Specific
examples of pigments include a titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium
oxide, zirconium dioxide, iron oxide, ultramarine, pearl pigment,
manganese violet, Prussian blue, chromium oxide, chromium hydroxides,
rutile, anatase, ultrafine TiO2, ultrafine ZnO, yellow iron oxide,
red iron oxide, brown iron oxide, black iron oxide, ultramarine blue,
ultramarine violet, ultramarine pink, mica, or titanated mica. Pigments
can be in an amount of less than about 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% or
10% by weight of the slurry.

[0013]A water based cosmetic slurry composition can be a suspension. A
water based cosmetic slurry composition can be fully extended in terms of
color, shade, hue, chroma (saturation) or lightness.

[0014]A water based cosmetic slurry composition can exclude certain
components. In particular embodiments, a water based cosmetic slurry
lacks one or more of a cosmetically acceptable oil, emollient,
emulsifier, fat, fatty acid ester, fatty alcohol, hydrocarbon, wax or
paraffin.

[0015]Methods for preparing and producing water based cosmetic slurry
compositions are provided. In one embodiment, a method includes:
providing a pigment and at least one substrate; contacting the pigment or
substrate with a surface-treatment agent to produce a surface-modified
pigment or substrate, thereby producing a substrate to which the pigment
adheres; and dispersing the pigment and substrate in a water medium. In
another embodiment, a method includes providing a pigment and at least
one substrate; contacting the pigment or substrate with two
surface-treatment agents to produce a surface-modified the pigment or
substrate, thereby producing a substrate to which the pigment adheres;
dispersing the pigment and substrate in a water medium. Surface treatment
agents, pigments, substrates and other materials and amounts referenced
herein in respect to water based cosmetic slurry compositions are also
applicable in the preparation and production methods of water based
cosmetic slurry compositions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016]FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate A) a conventional formulation with a
white pigment (TiO2) that has numerous pigment streaks, after 5 minutes
homogenizing @5000 rpm for a 200 gram batch, compared to B) a water based
slurry composition and a second water based slurry composition after 2
minutes propeller mixing @500 rpm for 200 gram batch does not have
streaks.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017]The invention provides, among other things, water based slurry
compositions. Invention water based slurry compositions can be used in
cosmetic and makeup products, and personal care products. Invention water
based slurry compositions provide various superior properties over
existing cosmetic, makeup, and personal care products. Particular
non-limiting examples include a cooling or refreshing sensation or feel
when applied to skin, ease of application, improved spreadability leading
to less creasing on skin, ease of blending or mixing, a lighter or softer
texture on skin, a lighter or softer feel or sensation when applied to
skin, a more natural appearance on skin, improved and more even coverage
of skin (less streaking or unevenness), longer lasting wear when applied
to skin, a reduced sensation or feel of oiliness, a reduced sensation or
feel of a greasy texture, retaining good skin adhesion, and sweat
(perspiration) resistance and water repellancy.

[0018]A slurry is a mixture of solids in a liquid in which the solids are
distributed throughout the liquid. A liquid is a smooth, amorphous
substance in the fluid state of matter having no particular fixed shape
(free flowing) and relatively invariable volume. A water based slurry
composition typically has a single aqueous phase. Amounts of water as a
percent of the weight of the slurry and in production methods can vary,
but typically range from about 10% to 90%. Amounts of water as a percent
of the weight of the slurry can be greater than 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%,
80%, 90%, or more. Water based slurry compositions and production methods
can include an oil, emollient, emulsifier, fat, fatty acid ester, fatty
alcohol, hydrocarbon, wax or paraffin, oil in water phase (o/w), water in
oil phase (w/o) and water in silicone provided that one or more of the
various superior properties over existing cosmetic, makeup, and personal
care products are maintained (e.g., ease of application, improved
spreadability leading to less creasing on skin, ease of blending or
mixing, a cooling or refreshing sensation or feel when applied to skin, a
lighter or softer texture on skin, a lighter or softer feel or sensation
when applied to skin, etc.).

[0019]Water based slurry compositions and production methods include
powder materials, which include, for example, one or more pigments and a
substrate acceptable for formulation or inclusion in a cosmetic, makeup,
or personal care product. A water based slurry composition and production
methods can have one or more, or all pigments or substrates or other
cosmetically acceptable components suitable for formulation or inclusion
in a cosmetic, makeup, or personal care product.

[0020]Substrates and pigments typically comprise or consist of a material
compatible or acceptable for cosmetic, makeup, and personal care
products. Substrates and pigments are typically in the form of a powder,
which is a solid, dry material consisting of extremely small, flowable
particles. Particular classes of powder materials are inorganic and
organic particles, beads, crystals, clays, metals, metal oxide powders,
plastics and fillers for plastic suitable for cosmetic, makeup, and
personal care product use.

[0021]Water based slurry compositions and production methods include at
least one substrate and one pigment in an aqueous medium. Water based
slurry compositions and production methods can include a plurality or
mixture of different substrates, a plurality or mixture of different
pigments, or a plurality or mixture of substrates and pigments.

[0022]Typical substrate sizes are about 1-30 microns in diameter, usually
not less than 1 micron, for example, have a primary size of about 1-3
microns. Substrate particles are typically larger than pigment particles
and have various shapes, for example, spherical, elliptical or "platy."
Substrates provide desirable texture and other characteristics such as
smoothness, silkiness, round feel, moisture feel, optical benefits (soft
focusing, hiding or concealing wrinkles or blemishes), etc.

[0024]Substrates include "extenders." An extender can function as a filler
or bulking agent for water based slurry compositions. Extenders as a
class typically have a size, shape or structure that is similar or
identical to substrates as disclosed herein and understood by the skilled
artisan. The term extender is typically used to refer to a substrate
material that is included in a water based slurry composition but may not
have a pigment adhered thereto.

[0025]Extenders include natural and synthetic substrates that may or may
not have a color, shade, hue, chroma (saturation) or lightness that may
vary in saturation and luminance. As with a substrate, an extender has a
size typically greater than 1 micron (1 μm), for example about 1-30
microns, and can have various shapes, for example, spherical, elliptical
or "platy."

[0027]Amounts of substrate in water based slurry compositions and
preparation methods of the invention will vary depending upon the
cosmetic, makeup, personal care or other product to be produced, or
method of manufacture. In a water based slurry compositions weight
percent of a substrate is typically about 0 to 95%.

[0028]As used herein, the term "pigment," which includes "dyes," is
natural or synthetic material that has a certain color, shade, hue,
chroma (saturation) or lightness. Pigments may be organic or inorganic in
chemical nature. Pigments typically have a primary particle diameter not
greater than about 3 microns. Pigments more typically are about one order
of magnitude smaller in size than substrates, for example, about 0.1-1.0
microns in diameter. Other pigments, such as pearl pigments typically
have a larger size, for example 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50-100 microns
(μm).

[0030]Water based slurry compositions and production methods include one
or more different pigments. A plurality of different pigments (e.g., 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more pigments that optionally have a different
color, shade, hue, chroma (saturation) or lightness) can be included to
produce a "composite" of pigments. A plurality of different pigments,
optionally having a different color, shade, hue, chroma (saturation) or
lightness, can therefore be included in water based slurry compositions.
Such water based slurry compositions can be conveniently referred to as
"composite" slurry.

[0031]Although not wishing to be bound by theory, many pigment particles
typically adhere to a substrate particle when pigment size is smaller
than substrate size. In situations where pigment size is larger than
substrate size, for example pearl pigments can be from about 50-100
microns in size with a platy structure, many substrate particles can
adhere to a pigment particle. The term "adhere" used herein refers to
either situation. Thus, the terminology "pigment adheres to the
substrate" also includes "substrate adheres to the pigment."

[0033]Amounts of pigments and dyes to employ in water based slurry
compositions and production methods of the invention will vary depending
upon the desired color, shade, hue, chroma (saturation) or lightness. As
set forth in Example 1, pigment types, absolute amounts and relative
ratios span a broad range and can be selected based upon a desired color,
shade, hue, chroma (saturation) or lightness, physical (e.g., size,
shape), functional or chemical characteristic or property. In water based
slurry compositions and production methods, total weight percent of
pigments is typically about 3 to 20%, 5 to 20%, 5 to 15%, 5 to 18% or 8
to 12%. In water based slurry compositions and production methods, total
weight percent of a substrate is typically about 3 to 20%, 5 to 20%, 5 to
15%, 5 to 18% or 8 to 12%.

[0034]Ratios of pigments and substrates can also vary depending upon the
cosmetic, makeup, personal care or other product to be produced, or
method of manufacture. Exemplary pigment to substrate ratio in a cosmetic
or makeup product is from about 5:95 to 95:5. In personal care and other
products, the ratio is typically not limited.

[0035]Substrates and pigments can be deflocculated or deagglomerated. The
invention therefore provides water based slurry compositions and
production methods that include or employ deflocculated and/or
deagglomerated substrates, pigments and other cosmetically suitable
materials. Substrates, and pigments can be deflocculated or
deagglomerated by any physical or chemical means which achieves at least
some degree of dispersal of aggregates or agglomerates. Non-limiting
examples of physical deagglomerating include shearing and grinding.

[0036]As used herein, the term "surface-treatment agent" refers to
chemical agents that have the ability to modify, alter or react with the
surface of a powder material (e.g., substrate or pigment) by forming
chemical bonds on the surface of the powder. Specific non-limiting
classes of surface treatment agents include surface active agents, which
include surfactants, detergents, wetting agents and emulsifiers.
Surface-active agents may be nonionic, anionic, cationic, amphoterics,
hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

[0037]One or more pigments and one or more substrates are contacted with a
surface-treatment agent, and the pigment or substrate is in turn either
modified by the agent or the agent is bound to the surface of the pigment
or substrate (e.g., absorbed, chemically linked or immobilized; see, for
example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,897,868). As an example, a substrate, pigment,
or a plurality of different substrates and pigments (e.g., a mixture of
different colored pigments), is contacted with a surface treatment agent
which in turn becomes modified by the agent or the agent is bound to
surface of the substrate and/or pigment. Surface modification of
substrates and/or pigments allow the material(s) present to adhere to
each other.

[0038]A surface treatment agent can be chemically immobilized or adsorbed
onto the surface substrate and/or pigment. Chemical linkage or
immobilization of surface-treatment agents to a substrate or pigment
differs from adsorption in that surface treated material has a more
uniformly chemically bound reaction product. Chemical linkage or
immobilization tends to reduce movement and/or rearrangement of any
material linked or attached onto the surface of the modified powder
material. For example, a pigment that is linked or attached to the
surface of a substrate by virtue of a surface treatment agent will have
less mobility than a pigment that is attached or linked to the surface of
a substrate by virtue of adsorption. Chemical linkage or immobilization
also differs from adding a surface active agent to the pigment or
substrate in that the treated pigment or substrate typically has a
uniformly chemically bound reaction product.

[0039]For chemical linkage or immobilization, the reaction may be created
by a water soluble compound having a lipophilic or hydrophilic moiety
absorbed onto pigment or substrate surface. With the addition of a water
soluble salt of a polyvalent metal for example, a chemical bond can be
produced. The reaction product provides a chemical immobilized treatment
onto the surface of the particles of the pigment or substrate, or a
chemically immobilized pigment or substrate surface treatment. In
contrast, a simple coating of a surface active agent absent chemical
immobilization renders it a free-flowing, unreliable, and inadequate
functional layer which is only absorbed onto the surface of the pigment
or substrate. Surface treatment agents can be chemically linked or
immobilized onto the surface of a pigment or substrate by methods known
in the art (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,897,868).

[0040]In order to facilitate or enhance linkage or immobilization of
surface-treatment agents to substrate or pigment, a reaction may be
created by a water soluble compound having a lipophilic or hydrophilic
moiety being absorbed onto the surface of the substrate or pigment. As a
non-limiting example, addition of a water-soluble salt of a polyvalent
metal, such as magnesium, calcium, barium, aluminum, titanium, zinc or a
zirconium salt (e.g., zirconium sulfate or chloride), or an alkaline
salt, such as a sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, or an amine salt,
can produce a chemical linkage. The reaction provides a surface-treatment
agent chemically immobilized onto the surface of the substrate or pigment
particle. In contrast, coating a substrate or pigment with a
surface-treatment agent involves absorbing the surface-treatment agent
onto the surface of the substrate or pigment.

[0041]Surface-treatment agents typically have one or more reactive groups,
such as a hydrophilic moiety (e.g., a carboxyl group, a phosphorous
group, a sulfur group, a silanol group or a silane group) or a
hydrophobic moiety (e.g., a hydrocarbon, a dialkyl(CH3--,
C2H5--) polysiloxane, perfluoroalkyl, etc.) in their structure.
Surface-treatment agents may or may not contain one or more hydroxyl
groups or alkylene oxide moieties, such as ethylene oxide or propylene
oxide. Those having hydroxy groups in their structure and hydrophilic
characteristics can be delivered after completing the reaction onto the
surface. Where there are two or more surface-treatment agents (e.g.,
first, second, third, fourth, fifth, etc., surface-treatment agents), the
surface treatment agents can have a hydrophilic moiety (e.g., two, three,
four, five, etc., or more, hydrophilic moieties), a hydrophobic moiety
(e.g., two, three, four, five, etc., or more, hydrophobic moieties), or a
combination of a hydrophilic moiety and a hydrophobic moiety (e.g., one
hydrophilic moiety and a hydrophobic moiety, two hydrophilic moieties and
one hydrophobic moiety, two hydrophobic moieties and one hydrophilic
moiety, three hydrophilic moieties and one hydrophobic moiety, two
hydrophilic moieties and two hydrophobic moieties, three hydrophobic
moieties and one hydrophilic moiety, etc.). A first or second
surface-treatment agents can be devoid of one or more hydroxyl groups
and/or alkylene oxide moieties.

[0045]Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy
group, alkoxy group or oxo group, and at least one of Y1, Y2, Y3, or Y4
is a hydroxy group; andM is either hydrogen, or metal or its equivalent
(organic base such as triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine,
etc.).

##STR00002##

Wherein,

[0046]Y5, Y6, Y7 and Y8 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy
group, alkoxy group or oxo group, and at least one of these is a hydroxy
group; andM is either hydrogen, or metal or its equivalent (organic base
such as triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine, etc.)

##STR00003##

Wherein,

[0047]Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5 are independently selected from hydrogen,
hydroxy group, alkoxy group or oxo group, and at least one of these is a
hydroxy group; andM is hydrogen, or metal or its equivalent (organic base
such as triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine, etc.).A specific
non-limiting example of a Formula III surface-treatment agent is Gallic
acid.

##STR00004##

Wherein,

[0048]R2 is an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl,
cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be substituted by one or
more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted by one or more
alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;R2 has 8 to 12 carbons (C8˜C24);R3
is ethylene, propylene, or butylene;n is an integer from 1 to 60; andM is
hydrogen, or metal or its equivalent (organic base such as
triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine, etc.).

##STR00005##

Wherein,

[0049]R1, R2 and R3 are independently an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl,
alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be
substituted by one or more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted
by one or more alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;Or R1, R2 and R3 has 1 to
24 carbons (C1˜C24); andn is an integer from 1 to 24.

##STR00006##

Wherein,

[0050]R1 and R3 are independently an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl,
alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be
substituted by one or more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted
by one or more alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;R1, R2 and R3 is 1 to 24
carbons (C1˜C24);n is an integer from 1 to 24; andM is hydrogen, or
metal or its equivalent (organic base such as triethanolamine,
aminomethyl propanol, lysine, etc.).

##STR00007##

Wherein,

[0051]R1 is independently an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy,
aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be substituted by one
or more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted by one or more
alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;R1, R2 and R3 is 1 to 24 carbons
(C1˜C24);n is an integer from 1 to 24; andM is hydrogen, or metal
or its equivalent (organic base such as triethanolamine, aminomethyl
propanol, lysine, etc.).

##STR00008##

Wherein,

[0052]R1 is an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl,
cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be substituted by at least
one or more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted by one or more
hydroxy, alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;R1 is 8 to 24 carbons
(C8˜C24); andM is hydrogen, or metal or its equivalent (organic
base such as triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine, etc.).

[0054]R3 is an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl,
cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be substituted by one or
more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted by one or more
alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;R1 is 8 to 24 carbons (C8˜C24);
andM is hydrogen, or metal or its equivalent (organic base such as
triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine, etc.).

##STR00010##

Wherein,

[0055]R4 and R5 are each independently alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl,
alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, amino acid group, all of
which may be substituted by one or more hydroxy group, and may further be
substituted by one or more alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;R4 is 8 to 24
carbons (C8˜C24);R10 is hydrogen or methyl; andM is hydrogen, or
metal or its equivalent (organic base such as triethanolamine,
aminomethyl propanol, lysine, etc.).

##STR00011##

Wherein,

[0056]R3 is an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl,
cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be substituted by one or
more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted by one or more
alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;Or R3 is 8 to 24 carbons (C8˜C24);
andM is hydrogen, or metal or its equivalent (organic base such as
triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine, etc.).

##STR00012##

Wherein,

[0057]R1 and R2 is an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl,
cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be substituted by one or
more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted by one or more
alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;R1 and R2 are each independently 8 to 24
carbons (C8˜C24);R3 and R4 are amino acid residual moieties;R5 and
R6 are an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl,
arylalkyl group, all of which may be substituted by one or more hydroxy
group, and may further be substituted by one or more alkoxyl, carboxyl,
or oxo group; andat least one of R3, R4 and R6 has a carboxylic group, of
which structure is either an acid form or a salt form, which is a metal,
such as sodium, potassium, etc. or its equivalent; organic base such as
triethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, lysine, etc.

##STR00013##

Wherein,

[0058]R1 and R2 are each independently alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl,
alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be
substituted by one or more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted
by one or more alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;Or R1 and R2 are each
independently 8 to 24 carbons (C8˜C24); andM is hydrogen, or metal
or its equivalent (organic base such as triethanolamine, aminomethyl
propanol, lysine, etc.).

##STR00014##

Wherein,

[0059]R1 and R2 are each independently alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl,
alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be
substituted by one or more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted
by one or more alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;Or R1 and R2 are each
independently 8 to 24 carbons (C8˜C24); andM is hydrogen, or metal
or its equivalent (organic base such as triethanolamine, aminomethyl
propanol, lysine, etc.).

##STR00015##

Wherein,

[0060]R1 is an alkyl, alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl,
cycloalkyl, arylalkyl group, all of which may be substituted by one or
more hydroxy group, and may further be substituted by one or more
alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo group;Or R1 is 8 to 24 carbons (C8˜C24);
andX is an alkoxy (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, isobutoxy, etc.) or
a halogen (Cl, Br, etc.)

##STR00016##

Wherein,

[0061]R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9
are each independently an alkyl, alkyl amide, alkenyl, alkylnyl, alkoxy,
aryl, cycloalkyl, or arylalkyl group, all of which may be substituted by
one or more hydroxyl, alkyoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo groups; andn is an
integer from 1 to 60.

[0062]Substituent M in a compound can represent either a hydrogen or a
metal or its equivalent. When M is a hydrogen, a carboxyl group forms and
is thus present on the compound; when representing a metal or its
equivalent, the salt of a carboxyl group forms and is thus present in the
compound. Like any salt, a metal or equivalent retains an overall
positive charge and the oxygen retains an overall negative charge.
Exemplary metals include sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum, and zinc;
metal equivalents include amines such as monoethanolamine,
diethanolamine, triethanolamine and ammonium, and organic bases such as
lysine and arginine.

[0064]In particular embodiments in which there are two or more surface
treatment agents, each of which are optionally chemically immobilized
onto the surface of a pigment, the first and the second surface treatment
agent can be selected form any of the surface treatment agents set forth
herein. Thus, for example, a first and a second surface treatment agent
can be any of formulas I to XVI in any combination.

[0065]In additional particular embodiments in which there are two or more
surface treatment agents, one or more optionally chemically immobilized
onto the surface of a pigment, a first and second surface treatment agent
can have a relatively high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and a
second surface treatment agent can have a relatively low HLB. In an
exemplary embodiment, a first surface-treatment agent has a
hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of about 10 or higher (e.g., 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, etc.) and contains at least one functional group
selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group or a salt of a
carboxyl group, a phosphorous group or a salt of a phosphorous group, a
sulfur group or a salt of a sulfur group, and a silane group; and a
second surface-treatment agent has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of
about 9 or lower (e.g., 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, etc.) and contains at least one
functional group; and the difference in the hydrophilic-lipophilic
balance values between the first and the second surface-treatment agent
is at least about 5 (e.g., 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
18, 19, etc.). In various aspects, a functional group is selected from a
carboxyl group or a salt of a carboxyl group, a phosphorous group or a
salt of a phosphorous group, a sulfur group or a salt of a sulfur group.
In another embodiment, a first surface-treatment agent has a
hydrophilic-lipophilic balance ranging from about 14 to 18. In an
additional embodiment, a second surface-treatment agent has a
hydrophilic-lipophilic balance ranging from about 1 to 4. In particular
aspects, a first surface-treatment agent contains one or more hydroxyl
groups or alkylene oxide moieties (e.g., an ethylene oxide moiety, a
propylene oxide moiety, or a combination thereof).

[0066]When high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and low HLB of
surface treatment agents are employed, a pigment or substrate is imparted
with the functionalities of both surface treatment agents. A surface
treatment agent with a relatively low HLB imparts hydrophobic properties
onto the pigment surface that may prevent the pigment from exhibiting the
degradation properties associated with the pigment's inherently strong
hydrophilic properties, such as fading and/or discoloration when
contacted with sweat or perspiration. A surface treatment agent with a
relatively high HLB imparts hydrophilic properties onto the pigment or
substrate surface so that the pigment or substrate can disperse in a
water-based cosmetic slurry composition with minimal addition of
emulsifiers. Unlike conventional emulsifiers added after the pigment or
substrate has been surface treated, both surface treatment agents can
therefore act in a manner sufficient to disperse the pigment or substrate
in a water-based cosmetic slurry composition. Thus, there is little or no
need for additional emulsifiers after the pigment or substrate has been
treated because the surface-modified pigment or substrate, when modified
with the two types of surface treatment agents, can self emulsify.

[0067]If desired, additional surface-treatment agents may also be added.
For example, more than one hydrophilic surface treatment agent and more
than one hydrophobic surface treatment agent may be used. Additional
surface treatment agents can be adhered to the pigment or substrate to
impart additional functionality of these surface treatment agents. The
additional surface treatment agents need not be within the genera of
first and second surface treatment agents described herein.

[0068]Amounts of a surface treatment agent to employ in water based slurry
compositions and production methods of the invention will vary depending
upon the cosmetic, makeup, personal care or other product to be produced,
or method of manufacture. For example, a surface-treatment agent may be
used in an amount of at least 0.1% by weight (wt %), based on the weight
of the powder material. Surface-treatment agents are typically present in
an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 200% by weight; or, from about
1.0 to about 60% by weight; or, from about 3.0 to about 30% by weight; or
from about 5.0 to about 20%. Relatively low amounts of surface-treatment
agents can also be used, e.g., 5.0%, 4.0%, 3.0% or less.

[0069]The amount of a surface-treatment agent can depend, at least in
part, on the specific surface area of target pigment(s), extender(s) and
substrate(s). For example, for regular iron oxide pigments, 2 to about 10
parts by weight of surface-treatment agent per 100 parts of powder. For
an ultrafine powder, such as silica having a large surface area, 15 to
about 100 parts by weight per 100 parts of powder. Thus, the greater the
surface area, the more surface-treatment agent used.

[0070]In a particular non-limiting example, for a mixture of one or more
pigments with one or more substrates, a surface treatment agent is in an
amount of about 0.5 to 400 parts per 100 parts of pigment and substrate.
In a particular non-limiting example of a water based slurry composition,
the weight percent of a surface treatment agent, based upon the total
weight of the pigment(s)+substrate(s) is typically about 0.5 to 20%, or
about 1.0 to 15%.

[0071]During treatment with a surface treatment agent, surface of one or
more substrate(s) or pigment(s) become modified and in turn particles of
the substrate or pigment adhere to each other. For example, small pigment
particles become attached or linked to larger particles, such as
substrate particles. Including a cosmetically acceptable oil (a single
oil or mixture of oils) during a treatment in which substrate or pigment
surface is hydrophobically modified invites oil at the same time as the
particles to become attached or linked to each other. Surface treatment
agents and oil in combination function as a "glue" to attach or link
particles, and other components optionally present, to each other. A
mixture of two or more different pigments during such surface treatment
results in forming color pigment composites, which are typically randomly
and uniformly distributed onto the surface.

[0072]Prior to or following surface treatment the material can be admixed
or blended with another (e.g., second) powder material, such as a
different pigment, or substrate or extender, or another cosmetically
acceptable ingredient such as an oil, emulsifier, emollient, fat, wax,
paraffin, etc. Other components such as oils, emulsifiers emollients,
fats, waxes and paraffins, etc., can therefore be present in a mixture
with one or more substrates and pigments before during or after contact
with a surface treatment agent. The second material may or may not have
been treated with a surface treatment agent. Alternatively, two or more
materials (e.g., different colored pigments), can be combined or mixed
together prior to contact with a surface treatment agent, and then
subsequently contacted with a surface treatment agent in order to
simultaneously produce two or more surface modified or coated materials.

[0073]Oils, emollients, emulsifiers, fats, hydrocarbons, waxes and
paraffins can be included in water based slurry composition and
production methods. For example, an oil (emollient) may but need not be
present during surface treatment of a powder material such as pigment(s)
or substrate(s). An oil may but need not be added prior to, during or
following surface treatment of a pigment or substrate. A water based
slurry composition may therefore include a binder such as an oil, if
desired. A binder such as an oil may but need not be added prior to or
after making a water based slurry composition.

[0075]Amounts of a binders in a water based slurry composition and
production methods of the invention will vary. In a non-limiting example,
the weight percent of binders is typically about 0 to 25%. Binders may be
used in an amount of about 0.1 to 20% by weight, and are typically
present in an amount less than 20% by weight of slurry.

[0077]Oil can be applied as a liquid. Oils that are not commercially
available as liquids, such as ascorbyl palmitate, which is lipophilic
vitamin and sold primarily as a solid, can be solubilized in liquid oil
before being used as a coating oil. Suitable solubilizing oils include
vitamin E acetate, caprylic/capric triglyceride, and others. Once in a
liquid form, the oil may then be added to the material using conventional
techniques. For example, the oil may be poured into an intake port during
and mixed until the composition is homogeneous.

[0078]Oil, when present, is typically in an amount ranging from about 0.1
to 20% by weight, based on the weight of the substrate/pigment material.
Oil, when present, can be in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about
10% by weight; or, from about 3.0 to about 5.0% by weight. Oil can be
less than 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, or less, or absent. The combined weight
percentage of a surface-treatment agent(s) and oil, if oil is present, is
typically less than about 5.0% by weight, based on the weight of the
material. Typically, a combined weight percentage ranges from about 2.0
to about 4.0%; or, from about 4.0 to about 20% by weight; or, from about
5.0 to about 50% by weight or, from about 5.0 to about 100% by weight or,
from about 5 to about 200% by weight.

wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl,
alkylamide, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, and arylalkyl
group, each of which may be substituted by one or more hydroxy group, and
may further be substituted by one or more alkoxyl, carboxyl, or oxo
group. R1 has a carbon number of C8 to about C24; R2
is selected from the group consisting of --C2H4--,
--C3H6--, and --C4H8--.

[0081]Further non-limiting examples of nonionic surfactants include
polyhydric alcohol ester type emulsifiers wherein at least one of the
hydroxy group (--OH) of a "polyol" is esterified with a fatty acid,
leaving residual hydroxy groups to function as hydrophilic moieties.
Residual hydroxy groups can also be modified by alkylene oxide at
different polymerization number. The combination of esterified
(hydrophobic) and free hydroxyl (hydrophilic) groups allows the
surfactant molecule to act as an emulsifier. Non-limiting examples of
polyols having different numbers of hydroxyl groups include glycerine
with 3 --OH's; pentaerythritol and sorbitan each with 4 --OH's; sorbitol
with 6 --OH's; and sucrose with 8 --OH's. Additional non-limiting
examples are shown below:

##STR00018##

wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and
R8 are each independently a moiety of "structure I" or "structure
II" and at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5,
R6, R7 and R8 is "structure I".

##STR00019##

[0082]Water based slurry compositions and production methods can be fully
extended. The term "fully extended," when used in reference to a water
based slurry composition means that when mixed with a second slurry
composition to adjust the shade or color of the slurry, the two slurry
compositions are rapidly blended with little or no streaking of the color
or shade of the slurry mixture. Thus, a water based slurry composition
can exhibit no streaks after a relatively short time or gentle mixing and
does not require extended mixing or blending time or high rates of mixing
speeds to provide a substantially uniform or homogeneous color, shade,
hue, chroma (saturation) or lightness. In a particular embodiment,
blending of a slurry composition can occur in 1 minute or less at 600 rpm
for a 200 gram batch without color or shade streaks. In further
embodiments, blending of a slurry composition can occur in 10 minutes or
less at 600 rpm for a 200 gram batch without color or shade streaks; in 5
minutes or less at 600 rpm for a 200 gram batch; or in 2 minutes or less
at 600 rpm for a 200 gram batch. The color of any streaks will depend
upon the shade blended. Thus, for a red shade, the streaks, if present,
will appear red, for a yellow shade, streaks, if present, will appear
yellow, for a white (light) shade, streaks, if present, will appear white
(light), and for a black or dark shade, streaks, if present, will appear
black or dark. As illustrated in FIG. 1A, a water based slurry
composition mixed with a second water based slurry composition for 2
minutes at 500 rpm in a 200 gram batch does not form streaks. In
contrast, shade adjustment of a conventional formulation with a white
pigment (TiO2) reveals the presence of numerous pigment streaks after 5
minutes of homogenization at 5000 rpm for a 200 gram batch (FIG. 1B).

[0083]The rapid and easy blendability of water based slurry compositions
without streaks, Example 1 (shown in Table 2) blended with Example 10
(shown in Table 9) to form Example 16, compared to conventional
formulations, Comparative Examples 4-6 blended with two different red
iron oxides, is illustrated in Table 1:

[0084]In addition, fully extended water based slurry compositions have a
relatively stable color, shade, hue, chroma (saturation) or lightness,
and can resist a change or shift in color, shade, hue, chroma
(saturation) or lightness after applying to skin; resist streaking;
resist shade change on skin over time; and resist uneven or irregular
spreadability. Thus, fully extended water based slurry compositions can
maintain color, shade, hue, chroma (saturation) or lightness consistency
when applied to the skin, and appearance of color, shade, hue, chroma
(saturation) or lightness typically does not substantially change after
initially applying to the skin, or after applying to the skin for a
period of time (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4-6, 6-12, or more hours).

[0085]Water based slurry compositions can be produced as set forth herein.
The invention therefore provides methods of producing (production,
manufacture, preparing) water based slurry compositions.

[0086]In one embodiment, a method includes providing a pigment and at
least one substrate; contacting the pigment or substrate with a
surface-treatment agent to produce a surface-modified pigment or
substrate, thereby producing a substrate to which the pigment adheres;
and dispersing the pigment and substrate in a water medium. In another
embodiment, a method includes providing a pigment and at least one
substrate; contacting the pigment or substrate with two surface-treatment
agents to produce a surface-modified the pigment or substrate, thereby
producing a substrate to which the pigment adheres; dispersing the
pigment and substrate in a water medium. In various aspects of multiple
(e.g., two, three, four, five, etc., or more) surface-treatment agents,
the first and second surface treatment agents are hydrophobic, are
hydrophilic, or the first is hydrophobic and the second is hydrophilic.
In further various aspects of multiple surface-treatment agents, (e.g.,
two, three, four, five, etc., or more) surface-treatment agents, the
first or second surface treatment agent is any of the surface treatment
agents of formulas I to XVI in combination. In additional various aspects
of multiple surface-treatment agents, the first of said two
surface-treatment agents has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of about 10
or higher and contains at least one functional group selected from the
group consisting of a carboxyl group or a salt of a carboxyl group, a
phosphorous group or a salt of a phosphorous group, a sulfur group or a
salt of a sulfur group, and a silane group, the second of said two
surface-treatment agents has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of about 9
or lower and contains at least one functional group selected from the
group consisting of carboxyl group or a salt of a carboxyl group, a
phosphorous group or a salt of a phosphorous group, a sulfur group or a
salt of a sulfur group, and a silane group, and the difference in the
hydrophilic-lipophilic values between the first and the second
surface-treatment agents is at least about 5.

[0087]In a first exemplary embodiment, a pigment (e.g., deflocculated or
deagglomerated pigment) and a substrate are combined to form a mixture.
The material is mixed with an aqueous solution (e.g., 50-800% water,
based on pigment weight) and dispersed. The mixture may include a
plurality of different pigments, the pigments in pre-determined amounts
or ratios to provide a desired color, shade, hue, chroma (saturation) or
lightness (see, for example, Example 1). A binder, such as an oil
(emollient), is optionally added to the slurry (e.g., 1 to 180 parts of
oil per 100 parts powder) and dispersed. One or more surface treatment
agents is then dispersed into the slurry (e.g., about 0.5 to 400 parts
surface-treatment agent per 100 parts powder). A surface treatment
agent(s) is chemically immobilized onto the surface of the substrate or
pigment. One to two chemical equivalents of a water-soluble salt of a
polyvalent metal, such as an alkaline earth metal, calcium, magnesium,
aluminum, titanium, zinc, or zirconium sulfate or chloride, may be added
to assist in linking the functional group of the surface-treatment agent
to the surface of the pigment or substrate material. Following surface
treatment, surface-modified substrate or pigment is optionally dehydrated
and rinsed to remove any secondary salts and byproducts, if necessary. A
filtered cake is thereby produced which may optionally be further
dehydrated to be "powder," with less than about 10% loss on drying (LOD),
for example, 5% LOD, or 3% LOD. The filtered cake is dispersed into a
water phase containing cosmetic ingredients such as water phase
thickening agents, preservatives, fragrance, etc., thereby producing a
water based slurry composition.

[0088]In a second exemplary embodiment, a pigment is mixed with 30% or
more (e.g., greater than 40%, 50 to 100%, or at least 70%) based on
weight of pigment and any solids present in the slurry) of water and
dispersed. An aqueous solution of a second surface-treatment agent, such
as a water-soluble alkali metal salt of a fatty acid, is added to the
slurry and dispersed. Then 1 to 2 chemical equivalents of a water soluble
salt of a polyvalent metal, such as an alkaline earth metal, aluminum,
titanium, zinc, stannic, or zirconium sulfate or the like is added. The
polyvalent metal will link the lipophilic moiety of the second
surface-treatment agent to the surface of the particles of pigment. Next,
a first surface-treatment agent, such as a water-soluble alkali metal
salt of a sugar acid, is added to the slurry and dispersed. Then 1 to 2
chemical equivalents of a water soluble salt of a polyvalent metal, such
as an alkaline earth metal, aluminum, titanium, zinc or zirconium sulfate
or the like is added. The polyvalent metal will link the hydrophilic
moiety in the first surface-treatment agent to the surface of the
particles of pigment. In an alternative embodiment, a first
surface-treatment agent is added to the pigment before a second
surface-treatment agent. The resultant surface-modified powder in having
both lipophilic and hydrophilic properties from a first and second
surface treatment agent is dehydrated (e.g., using a filter press) and
rinsed with purified water to remove any secondary salts, if desired. A
filtered cake with a controlled HLB value is thereby produced which may
optionally be further dehydrated to be "powder," (e.g., by baking in an
oven for two hours past the point where the cake reaches a temperature of
100° C.) with less than about 10% loss on drying (LOD), for
example, 5% LOD, or 3% LOD. The filtered cake is then crushed to produce
a workable powder and dispersed into a water phase containing cosmetic
ingredients such as water phase thickening agents, preservatives,
fragrance, etc., thereby producing a water based slurry composition.

[0089]Water based slurry compositions may be included as a component of a
cosmetic or makeup product, such as foundations (liquid foundations,
hot-pour cream foundations), eye shadows, eyeliners, mascaras, lotions,
creams, balms, concealers, blushes, rouges, eyebrow liners, lip sticks,
lip liners, nail polishes, and sunscreens. They may also be used in
personal care (toiletry) products, such as shampoos, conditioners,
lotions, deodorants, antiperspirants, moisturizers, balms, soaps and
gels, ointments, salves and creams. When water based slurry compositions
are in a cosmetic, makeup or personal care product, other typical
components used in cosmetic or toiletry products can be added, if
desired.

[0090]Water based slurry compositions can be blended together in order to
produce a different color, shade, hue, chroma (saturation) or lightness.
For example, to adjust or change the color, shade, hue, chroma
(saturation) or lightness of a water based slurry composition, a
particular color, shade, hue, chroma (saturation) or lightness can be
mixed with one or more other powder(s) having a different color, shade,
hue, chroma (saturation) or lightness by blending together with a
homogenizer. If two or more water based slurry compositions are to be
mixed with each other, they may be blended in a mixer to produce a
desired color, shade, hue, chroma (saturation) or lightness. Thus, water
based slurry compositions of the invention can be adjusted for color,
shade, hue, chroma (saturation) or lightness by simple blending without
requiring multistep processing, and are therefore more readily formulated
or included in cosmetic, makeup, and personal care products.

[0091]Water based slurry compositions can be included in containers and
kits, optionally including instructions for applying the composition.
Specific non-limiting examples of containers and kits include a bottle,
vial, jar or tube.

[0092]A container or kit optionally includes "packaging material," which
refers to a physical structure housing a container or kit, or a
component(s) of the container or kit. The packaging material can be made
of material commonly used for such purposes. A container or kit can
include a label or packaging insert with appropriate instructions, for
example. Instructions may be on "printed matter," e.g., on paper or
cardboard within the container or kit, or on a label affixed to the
container or kit. Instructions may be provided on audio or video medium,
such as an a computer readable medium, for example, floppy diskette or
hard disk, optical CD such as CD- or DVD-ROM/RAM, magnetic tape,
electrical storage media such as RAM and ROM and hybrids of these such as
magnetic/optical storage media.

[0093]Specific non-limiting examples of containers and kits suitable for
water based slurry compositions include bottles, vials, jars, and tubes.
Materials suitable for bottles, vials, jars, and tubes include metal,
glass or a polyolefin. Exemplary metals include iron (steel) and
aluminum. Exemplary polyolefins include polystyrene, polypropylene,
polyethylene, and polybutylene. Additional specific non-limiting examples
of containers and kits include pouches.

[0094]Containers and kits may be sealed. Containers and kits may include
multiple (two or more) types of water based slurry compositions. For
example, a container can include two or more bottles, each of which
contain a different color, shade, hue, chroma (saturation) or lightness
of a water based slurry composition. A container may contain each bottle
in an individual package.

[0095]Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used
herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary
skill in the art to which this invention relates. Although methods and
materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in
the practice or testing of the invention, suitable methods and materials
are described herein.

[0096]All publications, patents, and other references cited herein are
incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the
present specification, including definitions, will control.

[0097]As used herein, singular forms "a," "and," and "the" include plural
referents unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for
example, reference to "a pigment" includes a plurality of pigments,
reference to "a substrate" can include a plurality of substrates and
reference to "an extender, oil, emulsifier, emollient, fat, hydrocarbon,
surface treatment agent, surfactant, etc." can include a plurality of
extenders, oils, emollients, fats, hydrocarbons, surface treatment
agents, surfactants, and so forth.

[0098]As used herein, all numerical values or numerical ranges include
whole integers and fractions thereof within or encompassing such ranges
unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for example,
reference to values such as 0 to 25% include 0% to 5% (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4,
5%, or 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5%, etc.), 10% to 20% (10, 11, 12, 13, 14%,
etc., or 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, etc.), and so forth; and reference
to a range, for example, from about 10 to 18 include 10 to 12, 10 to 13,
10 to 14, 11 to 13, 11 to 14, 11 to 15, 10.1 to 10.3, 10.3 to 10.5, 10.6
to 10.8, etc.

[0099]Reference to specific amount of a given ingredient or component in a
water based slurry composition (e.g., a pigment, substrate, extender,
oil, binder, surface treatment agent, etc.), such as the components and
ingredients listed in Example 1, include variations within about 1 to
20%, or 1 to 10%, or 5 to 10%, unless indicated otherwise. The term
"about" typically refers to a value with about +/-1 to 10%, or 5 to 10%
of the reference value.

[0100]As used herein, the term "QS," as is accustomed in the art, means a
"sufficient quantity" to obtain the desired functionality. For a
fragrance, the functionality is typically obtained using from about 0.05
to 1.0 wt %; for a preservative, the functionality is typically obtained
using from about 0.01 to 1.0 wt %.

[0101]The invention is generally disclosed herein using affirmative
language to describe the numerous embodiments. The invention also
specifically includes embodiments in which particular subject matter is
excluded, in full or in part. For example, one or more powder materials
(e.g., substrates, pigments, pigment extender, etc.), surface treatment
agents, binders (e.g., oils), emollients, emulsifiers, fats, fatty acids,
hydrocarbons, waxes, paraffins, surface treatment agents, preservatives
and fragrances can be specifically excluded in a composition or method of
the invention. Thus, even though the invention is generally not expressed
herein in terms of what the invention does not include, compositions and
methods of the invention include embodiments in which one or more powder
materials (e.g., substrates, pigments, extenders, etc.), surface
treatment agents, additives or binders (e.g., oils, emollients,
emulsifiers, fats, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, waxes, paraffins, etc.),
preservatives, fragrances, etc., are excluded.

[0102]A number of embodiments of the invention have been described.
Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be
made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Accordingly, the following examples are intended to illustrate but not
limit the scope of invention described in the claims.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

[0103]This example includes a description of a water base make-up cosmetic
composition.

[0105]Powder materials are mixed with 50 to 800% (based on weight of the
pigment) water and dispersed. An aqueous solution of one or more surface
treatment agents, for instance, a water-soluble alkali metal salt of a
fatty acid or an acyl amino acid, is added (0.5 to 400 parts surface
treatment agent per 100 parts powder) to the slurry and dispersed. An oil
(1 to 180 parts of oil per 100 part powder) is then introduced to the
system. Oil addition is optional. One to two chemical equivalents of a
water-soluble salt of a polyvalent metal, such as an alkaline earth
metal, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, titanium, zinc, or zirconium sulfate
or chloride, may be added to assist in linking the functional group of
the surface-active agent to the surface of the particles of the powder
material. The resultant coated, surface-modified powder material is
dehydrated using a filter press and rinsed with purified or de-ionized
water to remove any secondary salts and biproducts, as necessary. The
filtered cake is dispersed into water phase containing cosmetic
ingredients such as water phase thickening agents, preservatives,
fragrance and so on.

[0106]Add phase A to a beaker and mix with a homogenizer until
homogeneous. Set aside. Then take phase B and place it in a blender and
mix on high for 2 minutes. Check the dispersion and mix again if
necessary. Place phase C into a beaker and begin melting waxes on mid
heat (30-35° C.). Slowly add oils. Add phase B to phase C and
begin homogenizing for about 3 to 5 minutes. Slowly add phase B & C to A
and continue homogenizing for 5 minutes once all is incorporated. Let
cool and pour into desired container.

[0107]Add phase A to a beaker and mix with a homogenizer until
homogenious. Set aside. Then take phase B and place it in a blender and
mix on high for 2 minutes. Check the dispersion and mix again if
necessary. Place phase C into a beaker and begin melting waxes on mid
heat (30-35° C.). Slowly add oils. Add phase B to phase C and
begin homogenizing for about 3 to 5 minutes. Slowly add phase B & C to A
and continue homogenizing for 5 minutes once all is incorporated. Let
cool and pour into desired container.

[0108]Add phase A to a blender and pulverize for 2 minutes. Continue
pulverizing until uniform dispersion. Begin melting wax in phase B
@approx. 80° C. Once waxes are melted, add other oil except
isododecane. While mixing phase B slowly, add phase A to it. Once all
incorporated mix for 5 minutes, start cooling. When the temperature
reaches approx. 45° C., add isododecane and continue mixing for
another 2 minutes.

[0109]Sensory tests were conducted with four formulations, example 1
(Table 2) and the three comparative examples (Tables 3-5) described
above. Ten women, aged 30 to 50 years, were recruited for the tests and
their comments were examined. The results are summarized in Table 6 with
the following standard:

[0110]The "wearability" values in Table 6 in hours are the average hours
requiring another foundation application due to color dullness or powder
coming off. The greater the number of hours, the more longer the wear.

[0111]The procedure for making water base mousse eye shadow (Table 7) is
the same as described above for the "water base mousse makeup example."
The "water base mousse eye shadow" contains various kinds of pearl
pigments and cosmetic ingredients. The benefits and superior properties
of the water base mousse eye shadow are thin application, natural finish,
little to no creasing on eye lids, long lasting. In addition, due to
superior blendability, it is easy to create a new shade of eye shadow by
mixing two or more different shades of eye shadows together.

[0112]To further demonstrate the ease and superior blendability and
flexibility of water based slurry composition, the following additional
examples (Tables 8-10) are illustrated. Water based slurry compositions
can be prepared by the procedure described in for water base mousse
makeup, Table 2, paragraph [0074].

[0113]All of these (as is examples 2 to 11, water base slurry
compositions) are not wearable because each composition has an extreme
shade (too dark, too yellow, too white and too reddish) and or coverage
(too much pigment content). These are to be blended and diluted to make
wearable cosmetic compositions.

Table 10: Examples 12-15 are water based slurry composition examples

[0114]"A disperser" was used as a mixing instrument for blending water
base slurry compositions. Approximately 3000 rpm was employed as blending
speed. "A disperser" provides more shear than a propeller mixer. Of
course, a regular homogenizer can also be used. Even though "gentle
agitation" is used for creating target shades, no streaks of colors are
observed for water based slurry compositions. It is quick and easy to
obtain smooth and uniform texture.