Sexually Transmitted Infectious Diseases

It is important to differentiate between the sexually transmitted disease and sexually transmitted infections. The STDs are the medical infections that are transmitted through sexual contact. But people who got infected, don’t always encounter any symptoms or develop their infection into a disease. That’s what the term “STI” is. Approximately all the STIs spread through the contact with infected body fluids such as blood, vaginal fluid or semen. Some bacterial STDs like Chlamydia, Gonorrhea etc. can be controlled but not cured and if anyone gets the viral STD like HIV/AIDS, Genital herpes etc., they are always going to have it. Young people are at greatest risk of sexually transmitted infections.

Transmission of Emerging Infectious disease can be direct or indirect. Direct transmission can include Person to person contact, e.g. : STDs, gonorrhea or from mother to baby during childbirth or droplet spread during coughing and sneezing can spread an infectious disease e.g. : Flu. Indirect transmission can be airborne transmission, Food and drinking water, contaminated objects, Animal reservoirs, Animal-to-person contact, vector-borne disease, Environmental reservoir , Laboratory tests may identify organisms directly (e.g., visually, using a microscope growing the organism in culture) or indirectly (e.g., identifying antibodies to the organism). Majorly tests include microscopy, culture and immunologic tests (agglutination tests such as latex agglutination, enzyme immunoassays, western blot, precipitation tests and complement fixation tests) and nucleic acid/ non nucleic acid based identification methods. Other types of diagnoses include clinical, laboratory, radiology, principal and admitting diagnosis. Advanced methods have been implemented to diagnose the infection in any part of the body. Examples include biomarkers/ ELISA test/ chest x ray/ skin biopsy/ tympanometry and tympanocentesis.