We use marked point processes to detect an unknown number of trees from high resolution aerial images. This approach turns to be an energy minimization problem, where the energy contains a prior term which takes into account the geometrical properties of the objects, and a data term to match these objects onto the image. This stochastic process is simulated via a Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo procedure, which embeds a Simulated Annealing scheme to extract the best configuration of objects.

We compare in this paper different cooling schedules of the Simulated Annealing algorithm which could provide some good minimization in a short time. We also study some adaptive proposition kernels.

Shape from shading is an ill-posed inverse problem for which there is no completely satisfactory solution in the existing literature. In this technical report, we address shape from shading as an energy minimization problem. We first show that the deterministic approach provides efficient algorithms in terms of CPU time, but reaches its limits since the energy associated to shape from shading can contain multiple deep local minima. We derive an alternative stochastic approach using simulated annealing. The obtained results strongly outperform the results of the deterministic approach. The shortcoming is an extreme slowness of the optimization. Therefore, we propose an hybrid approach which combines the deterministic and stochastic approaches in a multiresolution framework.

This article is a companion paper of a previous work cite{Aujol[3]} where we have developed the numerical analysis of a variational model first introduced by L. Rudin, S. Osher and E. Fatemi cite{Rudin[1]} and revisited by Y. Meyer cite{Meyer[1]} for removing the noise and capturing textures in an image. The basic idea in this model is to decompose f into two components (u+v) and then to search for (u,v) as a minimizer of an energy functional. The first component u belongs to BV and contains geometrical informations while the second one v is sought in a space G which contains signals with large oscillations, i.e. noise and textures. In Y. Meyer carried out his study in the whole ^2 and his approach is rather built on harmonic analysis tools. We place ourselves in the case of a bounded set of ^2 which is the proper setting for image processing and our approach is based upon functional analysis arguments. We define in this context the space G, give some of its properties and then study in this continuous setting the energy functional which allows us to recover the components u and v. model signals with strong oscillations. For instance, in an image, this space models noises and textures. case of a bounded open set of ^2 which is the proper setting for image processing. We give a definition of G adapted to our case, and we show that it still has good properties to model signals with strong oscillations. In cite{Meyer[1]}, the author had also paved the way to a new model to decompose an image into two components: one in BV (the space of bounded variations) which contains the geometrical information, and one in G which consists in the noises ad the textures. An algorithm to perform this decomposition has been proposed in cite{Meyer[1]}. We show here its relevance in a continuous setting.