Ry. Early limited exposure to NDEA had no significant effect on any of the indices measured relative to control. Chronic HFD feeding significantly increased the mean levels of pGSK-3b, GFAP, and N-Tyr relative to all other groups (P

Y effects of NDEA on insulin receptor, IGF2 receptor, and IRS-2 were muted by the chronic HFD feeding. Moreover, the main effect of NDEA, irrespective of HFD feeding, was to reduce tau gene expression, whereas chronic HFD feeding, irrespective of NDEA treatment, significantly inhibited ChAT. The only unique effect of HFD+NDEA treatment was to reduce insulin gene expression in the brain.Effects of

Ration have soared over the past several decades, suggesting that exposures rather than genetics dictate their etiologies. Our over-arching hypothesis is that shifts in lifestyles and economics have led us to chronically consume excess fat, and get exposed to agents that cause insulin resistance. Consideration given to potential pathogenic agents was focused by the experimental evidence showing th