effect, dramatic treatment see dramatic treatment effect
— Treatment effect that is so large that it is unlikely to be explained away by bias, even without having been tested in a study designed to minimize bias; … (read more)

effect, nocebo see nocebo effect
— Undesirable effect that is or could be caused by an inactive treatment, presumed to act psychologically through suggestion; … (read more)

effect, relative see relative effect
— The ratio of outcome measures in one treatment comparison group compared to another in a study; … (read more)

effect, treatment see treatment effect
— Best estimate of the outcomes that can be ascribed to the use of a treatment; … (read more)

effect, undesirable see undesirable effect
— Difference in outcomes that does not favour a treatment in a treatment comparison; … (read more)

effectiveness
(clinical effectiveness, efficacy*)
— The extent to which a treatment has desirable effects in a study; … (read more)

efficiency
— The extent to which resources are being used to get the best value for money; … (read more)

eligibility criteria
(inclusion criteria, participation criteria, qualification criteria, selection criteria)
— Characteristics used to decide whether people are eligible to participate in a study and should be invited to participate; … (read more)

enrolment
(inclusion)
— The act of including participants in a study when they meet explicit eligibility criteria; … (read more)

error, unit of analysis see unit of analysis error
— A type of error affecting the results of a study, usually a cluster-randomized trial, when the units used in the analysis of the results are different from the units of allocation to the treatment comparison groups; … (read more)

evidence
(empirical data, empirical evidence)
— Facts (actual or asserted) intended for use in support of a conclusion; … (read more)

evidence profile
— A table summarising key information about all relevant treatment outcomes, including a summary of the results and judgements about the certainty of the evidence; … (read more)

evidence to decision framework
(evidence to recommendation framework, EtD framework)
— A structured format for going from evidence to a decision that includes key background information, assessment criteria for making a decision and conclusions; … (read more)

evidence, level of see level of evidence
(hierarchy of evidence)
— An indication of where a type of study lies in a hierarchy of evidence, based on the risk of bias; … (read more)

evidence, research see research evidence
(research findings, research results)
— The findings of studies, including systematic reviews; … (read more)

explanatory trial
(efficacy* trial)
— A study designed to assess the effects of a treatment given in ideal circumstances; … (read more)