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American Gold Buffalo coins were first struck in 2006 in response to growing demand for a more pure gold coin (99.99% pure as opposed to the 99.93% pure American Eagle Gold coins). The design of this coin copies faithfully that of James Earle Fraser's "Buffalo Nickel" (issued from 1913 to 1938), with the addition of the motto "In God We Trust" to the bottom left reverse. Initially, only one ounce versions were produced, but fractional issues appeared in 2008. Each coin bears a face value that is far below the coin's bullion value. Both Mint State and Proof versions have been produced, as well as special collector sets of different denominations.

Mint State American Gold Buffalo coins are distributed through a select group of dealers, who sell them to the secondary market. Proof American Gold Buffalo coins are available directly from the U.S. Mint at a premium over their bullion value.

NGC offers the Early Releases and First Releases designations for select coins received by NGC or an NGC-approved depository within 30 days of the first release of a new coin issue. The terms Early Releases or First Releases will be noted as part of the coin description on the NGC label. Early Releases and First Releases are interchangeable and the same definition and relevant cutoff dates applies to each term.

To qualify for Early Releases or First Releases, a coin must generally be received by NGC or an NGC-approved depository within the first 30 days of the coin’s release.