Israeli Schools Prepare for War

Israeli students wearing gas masks run to a shelter during an exercise simulating a chemical attack at a school in Tel Aviv. Israelis have stocked up on emergency supplies in case Iraq hits Israel with chemical or biological weapons attack during a possible U.S.-led attack on Iraq. Photo by Naor Rahav/Reuters

My daughter's friend, Hilla, said her 11th-grade social
relations class at Herzliya's Yovel High School normally focused on familiar
adolescent topics: interpersonal problems, difficulties with exams, the dangers
of drinking and driving.

But this winter her class spent its time poring over a
hastily distributed text from the Ministry of Education, starkly titled "The
Threat."

Almost a century after soldiers' lungs were burned out by
mustard gas in World War I, Hilla and her classmates can tick off the characteristics
of nonconventional warfare: possibilities of advance preparation, widespread
damage to living organisms, long-term harm to the environment, severe
psychological ramifications.

As I drove the girls, I heard Hilla, 17, talking to my
daughter in the backseat.

"Today the soldiers came to our class and showed us how to
inject ourselves with atropine in case of a gas attack," she said.

"How do you know when to do it?" my daughter asked.

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"I guess when they tell you to on the radio," Hilla said.

"You mean you have to give yourself an injection?" My
daughter is aghast.

"Well, I guess my mom or dad could give it to me and my
little brother," Hilla answered. "And I told my mother to buy talc. That's what
they said we should spread on our skin to soak up chemicals so they don't get
absorbed."

Later, Hilla's mother and I exchange macabre jokes: "I have
some perfumed powder with a furry puff I once got as a gift. Do you think that
will be good enough to ward off poison chemicals?"

For Israeli students, chemical and biological weapons are
not theoretical subjects like trigonometry or physics: They know the horrors
spelled out in "The Threat" may spill over into their own lives. Instead of
buckling down for the second semester, Israeli schools must focus on a wild
card variable: what to do if war breaks out with Iraq and Israel becomes the
target of a nonconventional attack?

The situation in the school system mirrors that of Israeli
society at large: confusion, conflicting opinions and assessments alternating
between assurances and dire warnings.

Education Minister Limor Livnat has declared that the school
system is preparing for all eventualities, but she conceded that not all
schools have access to bomb shelters, and in case of war may close down or operate
on shifts as they did during the 1991 Persian Gulf War.

Zevulun Orlev, chair of the Knesset's Education Committee,
put it more strongly: "There isn't a single school that is ready [for an
attack]," he said, raising fears that shelters at some schools might become
"death traps."Â

School security is uncentralized, with each municipality or
school administration having responsibility. Acknowledging the gaps in
preparedness, the Ministry of Education plans to move studies into protected
locations, such as community centers, if necessary. Soldiers are visiting 3,000
schools nationwide this month to familiarize pupils with emergency
preparedness. Though the population at large has a collective memory of the
Gulf War, these children were either toddlers or not yet born in 1991. One of
their strongest anxieties is what will become of their pets. Why can't dogs
wear gas masks, too, they want to know.

Every educational institution in Israel has received a
booklet published in November 2002 by the Ministry of Education. The booklet
outlines preparations for emergency situations, from forming teams for 10
classrooms to procedures for entering shelters. Emergency situations are listed
as war with one or all neighboring countries, missile attacks by Iraq, Iran or
Syria, short-range missile attacks, gunfire in or around school -- and such
natural disasters like earthquake or fire.

In addition, schools have received CDs with recommended
activities in a state of emergency, either in school shelters during an attack
or in other places if schools have been closed. These include games and group
activities that can be performed in a shelter, and how students can discuss
current events to occupy their time. There is a separate section detailing
activities that will help youngsters express their feelings and apprehensions
in time of crisis, as well as a list of games and artwork for small groups.

The Education Ministry plans a conference for the country's
psychological counseling staff on how to prepare students for global events.

Near Yovel, the Walworth Barbour American International School
is preparing in its own way. The 500 students at this K-12 private school
include children of diplomats and foreign businessmen living in Israel. About
10 percent of the students are Israeli. War preparedness is top priority at the
American School. Parents were invited to hear a briefing from the
superintendent on dismissal procedures, security updates and projections of how
studies might be conducted in case of war.

Most of the non-Israeli students may leave the country if
war breaks out, so the American School is emphasizing distance learning.
Through an electronic educational system called Blackboard, students can get
assignments, hand them in and get them back corrected, all via the Internet. To
familiarize themselves, students have been receiving routine assignments using
Blackboard. Younger students' parents also are expected to learn the system.

The American School's approach was born of experience: It
closed temporarily during the 1991 Gulf War, in response to the mass exodus of
its student body.

This time things will be different, the school's
superintendent, Robert Sills, vowed. He is adamant that the school will stay
open to serve the significant number of students expected to weather the storm
in Israel.

The American School is equipped with bomb shelters for
students and staff, and loudspeakers periodically announce emergency drills.

"Do you feel nervous during the drills?" I asked my
daughter.

"No," she answered, "they're just boring."

She and her friends have become as nonchalant about bomb
shelter practice as they were about fire drills in simpler days. In the nearby
public schools, though, her friends don't have bomb drills.

"I'm not even sure where the shelters are," Hilla said.
"Anyway, most people in my class say that if war comes they will go to
relatives in Jerusalem, or down to the Negev, or even to Europe."

I recall that as a member of the parent's association during
the Gulf War, I volunteered one morning to help tape up the windows of the
Herzliya public high school my older daughter was attending. The tape was
supposed to protect against gas leaking in. It was a ludicrous task: Most of
the windows didn't close properly, and many lacked glass panes. Taping up the
gaping holes was an exercise in futility.

For students in Israel this winter, tentativeness is again
the name of the game. The school play? The hockey marathon? The French midterm?
Everybody plans for them as if nothing is out of the ordinary. But who knows
how the world will be when the sophomore dance rolls around?

For years after the Gulf War, families had rolls and rolls
of unused masking tape they had nervously purchased during the hostilities.
This time, in addition to tape, maybe they will have stocks of talc to help
absorb chemicals on the skin their teen-agers learned about in school.

Much as they joke about it, the students hope that the seals
on the talc containers stay intact. Â

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