"Pain pathways as well as the cortical and subcortical
centers necessary for pain perception are well developed by
the third trimester."

"Behavioral changes include a cry pattern indicating
distress during the circumcision procedure and changes
in ... infant-maternal interaction for the first few hours
after circumcision."

"[R]eported experience with local anesthesia in
newborn circumcision is limited, and the procedure is not
without risk."

"The exact incidence of postoperative complications is
unknown."

"Deaths attributable to newborn circumcision are
rare." [How rare? With this statement the AAP
acknowledges that some babies do die as a result of being
circumcised. This fact was omitted from the AAP's March 6,
1989 News Release about circumcision. Why?]

"Local anesthesia adds an element of risk."

"Circumferential anesthesia may be hazardous."

"[P]arents should be fully informed of the possible
benefits and potential risks."

"Local anesthesia (dorsal penile nerve block) may reduce
the observed physiologic response to newborn circumcision. It
also has its own inherent risks."

"Newborn circumcision has potential medical benefits and
advantages as well as disadvantages and risks."

"The American Academy of Pediatrics is an organization of
37,000 pediatricians dedicated to the health, safety and
well-being of infants, children, adolescents and young
adults." (AAP news release about circumcision, March 6, 1989)