Ireland’s agricultural emissions are “uniquely high” in Europe, while the State is one of the largest contributors to emissions from agriculture in the developed world, a conference on climate change has heard.

In Ireland, agriculture represents 33 per cent of total emissions and is the single largest contributor to overall emissions.

In the rest of Europe, agriculture represents on average 10 per cent of total emissions.

Agriculture emissions increased in Ireland by 1.5 per cent in 2015.

The large number of dairy cows and increased milk production were the most significant drivers in this growth, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Mr Callanan said there is international recognition of Ireland’s agricultural production “as having one of the lowest carbon footprints in the developed world”, but added that the State is also one of the largest contributors to emissions from agriculture in the developed world.

“In the developed world, only New Zealand has a higher proportion of emissions from agriculture,” he said.

“However, we are investing in improving production efficiency through better fertiliser management, grassland management and improved breeding.”

Some 70 scientists and climate experts from across the globe gathered in Dublin on Monday to discuss the IPCC special report on climate change, with a specific focus on land sustainability and food production.

The aim of the IPCC scoping meeting, which runs in Dublin until Thursday, is to provide politicians with the information needed to respond to the risks of climate change and meet the obligations of the 2015 Paris Agreement.

More than 100 people are attending the meeting to outline the report, which covers such topics as desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems.

‘Specific focus’

Dr Laura Burke, director general of the EPA, said Ireland had joined other nations in actively highlighting “the need for a specific focus by the IPCC on the area of land, terrestrial systems and food production.

“Agriculture is at the core of the Irish economy,” said Dr Burke.

“Right now, land management and food production systems are threatened by climate change.

“They are also key contributors to climate change, with the IPCC estimating that 24 per cent of global emissions come from this sector.

“We need to remove the threat to global food production and increase the resilience of these systems to current and future climate and weather extreme.”

Director of the Climate Change Institute in Canberra, Australia, and IPCC working group member Dr Mark Howden said Ireland must work to increase efficiency without increasing livestock numbers in order to meet climate change and emissions commitments.

“Effectively, greenhouse gas emissions of one sort or another are a wasted resource.

“By becoming more efficient and reducing that waste, you’re . . . saving money and increase productivity and reduce emissions at the same time,” Dr Howden told The Irish Times.

“The emissions approach is a really important metric, so by having more productive animals you can produce more milk per cow and whilst the total emissions per cow can go up, the emissions per unit of milk actually go down a lot.

“That’s the most immediate pathway.”

IPCC chair Dr Hoesung Lee said the week’s gathering of experts would provide “a unique opportunity for the scientific community to engage with policy-makers and contribute to their decision-making”.

He called on the participants to provide practical information on how to use “the latest scientific findings to underpin the implementation of the Paris Agreement”.