Description

Insulin is the sugar controlling hormone in human bodies, created by the beta cells at islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. The hormone is endocrinal in nature and controls blood sugar levels by acting as signals asking cells to take up blood glucose. Insulin binds with blood glucose and facilitates their absorption in cells. The regulatory action of insulin is characterized by its inhibiting metabolic processes that take up or create glucose in the blood, to avoid conditions of excess blood glucose counts which is also known as hyperglycaemia and deficient blood glucose count, which is also known as hypoglycaemia in the body.

There are four different types of artificially synthesized insulin that are available for diabetes treatment and are therapeutic:

They are as follows:

1. Rapid Acting: These start action in the first fifteen minutes after injection and reach a peak after approximately an hour. They continue to work after the peak for two to four hours. They are taken before meal and/or in addition to existing dose of long-acting insulin.

2. Short Acting: These types start working approximately after 30 minutes post-injection and reach a peak at around 2 to 3 hours. The insulin continues to work after attaining peak activity for three to six hours. The insulin is given before a meal and often as an addition to existing dose of long-acting insulin.

3. Intermediate Acting: This type of insulin is cost-efficient since it starts working around 2 to 4 hours post-injection and reaches a peak around 4 to 12 hours later. The intermediate acting insulin stays active after reaching peak activity for around 12-18 hours. This is prescribed twice a day and sometimes in addition to short- or rapid-acting insulin doses.

4. Long Acting: This begins to work after several hours post-injection and can work for around 24 hours. Rapid- or short-acting insulin doses are often prescribed along with long acting insulin doses.

Indications

Diabetes is a condition that occurs due to metabolic dysfunction in the pancreas that fails to detect high blood glucose levels and produce insulin. Insulin acts as the main controller of blood glucose levels in the human body. The hormone encourages uptake of glucose in cells and is used to control high blood glucose levels instantly.

Insulin is externally injected in such patients to control the blood glucose levels. Insulin can be used to control diabetes, but it cannot be relied upon to cure of diabetes.

Insulin deficiency is the medical condition when the pancreas is unable to produce required amount of insulin in the human body. It leads to a condition called hyperglycaemia in which blood glucose levels go higher than estimated targets because they are not taken up by the blood vessels in the absence of insulin.

Insulin resistance is a physiological condition in which cells in the human body fail to recognize the hormone insulin present in blood that signals them to take up glucose from the blood. As a result, blood glucose accumulates and this insulin resistance leads to a condition called hyperglycaemia.

Pre-procedure

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During Procedure

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Post Procedure

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Risk and Complications

There are many known side effects of taking insulin which is usually caused by introduction of synthesized insulin in the body.

The side effects are as follows:1. Rashes or allergy Redness and soreness of skin2. Frequent urination3. High blood sugar levels4.Blurred vision5.Giddiness6.Fainting

More Info

Dosage:-

Dosage directions differ from patient to patient.

While people with mild diabetes (type 2) may need only one shot in a day, people with acute diabetes (type 1 or 2) may need five to six shots in a day with a combination of long acting and short, rapid or intermediate acting insulin doses.

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