Despite lobbying within the boardrooms of the International Cricket Council, India remain unmoved as far as accepting ball tracking and hot-spot technology are concerned.

It is a stance which has cost both sides wickets in this series and particularly angered England in this match after Alastair Cook was given out caught behind off Ravichandran Ashwin on Sunday for 13 despite not hitting the ball.

Cook was also the victim of a poor lbw decision in the first innings and both incidents would have been overturned if DRS had been in operation.

“It is very frustrating and we as a team are all for DRS,” said James Anderson. “We want to use it. We know the right decisions are made because of it.

"There have been decisions throughout this series that could have been overturned if we had DRS and it is frustrating when one of our best players [Cook] is on the end of a bad decision in this innings and the first.”

On Sky Nasser Hussain picked out 10 decisions in this series that would have been overturned by DRS, and in this match alone there have been three glaring errors including the ones involving Cook.

For India, Cheteshwar Pujara was given out caught off his glove in India’s first innings but replays proved the ball struck his arm.

N Srinivasan, the president of the Board of Control for Cricket in India, told The Telegraph earlier in this series that India believed the DRS system undermined the authority of the umpire and, for as long as he is personally opposed, it appears unlikely the situation will change.

Attempts at persuasion will continue at board level but it is a delicate political situation because Srinivasan would potentially lose face if he were to back down now.

The ICC and England can only hope seeing his own players victims of glaring errors will force a policy shift.

DRS can only be used if both teams agree but Hugh Morris, the managing director of the England team, told the BBC it should be introduced across the board.

“We made our views pretty clear at the beginning of the series,” he said. “We believe DRS improves decision-making on the field. That has got to be good for the game.

"It is disappointing we are not using it in this series – and we should be. Over the last few years the DRS has really bedded into our game, has improved our game. We should be using it.”

India’s reluctance to embrace DRS has put them at a tactical disadvantage if it is suddenly made mandatory. There is almost a skill about choosing in the heat of battle when to refer a decision.

England have developed a three-tiered system of decision making: there has to be agreement between the bowler, wicketkeeper Matt Prior, and the captain. If one believes the batsman is not out, they will not refer.

M S Dhoni has been vocal in his opposition to DRS, particularly after Ian Bell was given not out during a World Cup match in Bangalore last year.

The India captain was a mixture of perplexed and outraged when Hawk-Eye showed the ball hitting the stumps but Bell was given not out because he was more than 2.5 metres down the pitch when he was hit on the pad, a distance at which the tracking system is deemed unreliable.

“The adulteration of technology with human thinking meant we didn’t get that wicket,” he said.

Ten reasons to use DRS

First Test Day three: Umesh Yadav dismissed Samit Patel lbw (10) but it appeared to be going down leg side.

Second Test Day two: Zaheer Khan went for 11 as Jonny Bairstow took a catch at short leg, but the ball hit Khan’s pads and chest and not his bat.

Second Test Day four: Gautam Gambhir was given lbw off a thickish inside edge.