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2 What do you know about the parts of a sentence?Last year the rich gentleman bought his wife a beautiful house at the beach.

3 What do we need to know about nouns?They have a gender (masculine, feminine or neuter)They sometimes change in the pluralTheir articles (and sometimes the noun itself) changedepending on the caseCASE?!?!?!? What do we mean by ‘case’?

4 German Cases Nominativ – the case of the subjectThe boy is 14 years old.(Der Junge ist 14 Jahre alt.)Akkusativ – the case of the direct objectHe has a brother and a sister.(Er hat einen Bruder und eine Schwester.)Dativ – the case of the indirect objectHe gave his mother flowers for her birthday.(Er hat seiner Mutter Blumen zu ihrem Geburtstag gegeben.)Genitiv – the case of possessionHis mother’s name is Erika.(Der Name seiner Mutter ist Erika.)

5 In German, there are other times when a certain case is needed…NominativAkkusativDativGenitiv-case of the subject-case of the direct object-following“es gibt”-following Accusative prepositions-case of the indirect object-following Dative verbs (like gefallen, helfen, danken, gehören, and antworten)-following Dative prepositions-case of possession-following Genitive prepositions

7 How do the articles (definite and indefinite) change in the four cases?The definite article “der” and all of the“der-words” are declined like this:“der-words”dies- (this)jen- (that)jed- (each)manch- (some)solch- (such)welch- (which)alle- (all)MasculineFeminineNeuterPluralNderdiedasAdenDdemden (+n)Gdes (+s/es)

12 The Dreaded Adjective EndingIn German, attributive adjectives(that means adjectives that stand before nouns)take endings that will changedepending upon:gender,number,case, andwhether they are preceded bya “der-word”, an “ein-word” or neither

13 Unpreceded Adjective EndingsIf the adjective is not preceded by a “der-word” or “ein-word”, it will take the following endings:Unpreceded Adjective EndingsMasculineFeminineNeuterPluralN-er-e-esA-enD-emG

14 Adjective Endings Preceded by “der-words” N -e -en A D GIf the adjective is preceded by a “der-word” it will take the following endings:Adjective Endings Preceded by “der-words”MasculineFeminineNeuterPluralN-e-enADG

15 If the adjective is preceded by an “ein-word” it will take the following endings:Adjective Endings Preceded by “ein-words”MasculineFeminineNeuterPluralN-er-e-es-enADG

16 VERBS!!!!! the unconjugated form of the verb is calledthe verb infinitive.in a sentence, verbs must be conjugated toagree with their subjects.The two most important verbs in German are:haben – to haveich habedu haster/sie/es hatwir habenihr habtsie habenSie habensein – to beich bindu bister/sie/es istwir sindihr seidsie sindSie sind

17 Another useful group of verbs are the Modal VerbsModal verbs are very easy to use, though their conjugations are irregular in the singular. They are conjugated to agree with the subject and are used in conjunction with a verb infinitive like this:Ich will heute abend ins Kino gehen.The Modal Verbs you already know are…dürfen – to be allowed tokönnen – to be able tomüssen – to have tosollen – to be supposed towollen – to want tomögen – to likemöchten – would like (the subjunctive form of mögen)

23 That crazy German Word Order“Whenever the literary German dives into a sentence, that is the last you are going to see of him till he emerges on the other side of his Atlantic with his verb in his mouth.” - Mark Twain, American writer and journalist, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's CourtIn statements, the verb must always be in the 2nd position!As long as the verb remains the second sentence element, otherelements in the sentence can be moved around.Wir spielen heute Fußball.Heute spielen wir FußballFußball spielen wir heute.

24 Types of German Word OrderNormal: Subject - VerbDer Junge hat eine Schwester.Inverted: Verb – SubjectHat der Junge eine Schwester?Transposed: Verb at the end of the clauseIch weiß nicht, ob der Junge eine Schwester hat.TMP: When there are several descriptive expressions in a sentence, they will be arranged in the order: Time, Manner, Place