重构方法（Reconstitution）

For best performance, we strongly recommend you to follow the reconstitution protocol provided in the CoA.

存储（Storage）

For long term storage, the product should be stored at lyophilized state at -20°C or lower.

Please avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

No activity loss is observed after storage at:

4-8°C for 12 months in lyophilized state;

-70°C for 3 months under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

电泳（SDS-PAGE）

Biotinylated Human PD-1(recommended for biopanning) on SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) condition. The gel was stained overnight with Coomassie Blue. The purity of the protein is greater than 95%.

活性（Bioactivity）

Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA against immobilized Nivolumab (0.2 μg/well). The linear range is 0.8-6 ng/mL (QC tested).

点击申请Protocol

背景（Background）

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is also known as CD279 and PDCD1, is a type I membrane protein and is a member of the extended CD28/CTLA-4 family of T cell regulators. PDCD1 is expressed on the surface of activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, myeloid cells and a subset of thymocytes. PD-1 has two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, which are members of the B7 family. PD-L1 is expressed on almost all murine tumor cell lines, including PA1 myeloma, P815 mastocytoma, and B16 melanoma upon treatment with IFN-γ. PD-L2 expression is more restricted and is expressed mainly by DCs and a few tumor lines. PD1 inhibits the T-cell proliferation and production of related cytokines including IL-1, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ by suppressing the activation and transduction of PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, coligation of PD1 inhibits BCR-mediating signal by dephosphorylating key signal transducer. In vitro, treatment of anti-CD3 stimulated T cells with PD-L1-Ig results in reduced T cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion. Monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 that boost the immune system are being developed for the treatment of cancer.

专利使用说明（Limited Use License）

The Biotin AviTag technology is covered by U.S. Pat. No: 5,874,239 and includes any and all materials, methods, kits and related derivatives claimed by this patent. The purchase of the Acrobiosystems’s Avitag™ proteins confers to the purchaser the limited right to use the Avitag™ technology for non-commercial, or research use, or for purposes of evaluating the Avitag™ technology.

Commercial use of the Avitag™ technology to manufacture a commercial product, or use of the Avitag™ technology to facilitate or advance research which will be applied to the development of a commercial product requires a license from Avidity, LLC. Examples of Commercial use include, but are not limited to biosensors, diagnostics, therapeutic applications, proximity assays, and drug screening assays.