On December 23 2015, around 700 thousand people in the Ivano-Frankivsk region in Ukraine, half of the homes there, were left without electricity for several hours. ESET researchers discovered that the power outage – the Ukrainian media outlet TSN was first to report it - was not an isolated incident. Other power distribution companies in Ukraine were targeted by cybercriminals at the same time. According to ESET researchers, the attackers have been using the BlackEnergy backdoor to plant a KillDisk component onto the targeted computers that would render them unbootable.

The BlackEnergy backdoor trojan is modular and employs various downloadable components to carry out specific tasks. In 2014 it was used in a series of cyber-espionage attacks against high-profile, government-related targets in Ukraine. In the recent attacks against electricity distribution companies, a destructive KillDisk trojan was downloaded and executed on systems previously infected with the BlackEnergy trojan. The first known link between BlackEnergy and KillDisk was reported by the Ukrainian cybersecurity agency, CERT-UA, in November 2015. In that instance, a number of news media companies were attacked at the time of the 2015 Ukrainian local elections. The report claims that a large number of video materials and various documents have been destroyed as a result of the attack. The KillDisk variant used in the recent attacks against Ukrainian power distribution companies also contained some additional functionality. In addition to being able to delete system files to make the system unbootable – functionality typical for such destructive trojans – this particular variant contained code specifically intended to sabotage industrial systems.

“Apart from the regular KillDisk functionality, it would also try to terminate processes that may belong to a platform commonly used in Industrial Control Systems,” explains Anton Cherepanov, Malware researcher at ESET.

If these processes are found on the target system, the trojan will not only terminate them but also overwrite their corresponding executable file on the hard drive with random data in order to make restoration of the system more difficult.

“Our analysis of the destructive KillDisk malware detected in several electricity distribution companies in Ukraine indicates that the same toolset that was successfully used in attacks against the Ukrainian media in November 2015 is also theoretically capable of shutting down critical systems,” concludes Cherepanov.

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