Russia's Syria talks end with plan to draft new constitution

Turkey-backed Syrian opposition fighters of the Free Syrian Army drive towards the border with Syria, in the outskirts of the border town of Kilis, Turkey, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018. Turkey launched a military offensive against Afrin on Jan. 20 to drive out the Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units, or YPG, which is says are an extension of the outlawed Kurdish rebels inside Turkey.Associated Press

Members of ruling party shout slogans for Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan at the parliament in Ankara, Turkey, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018. Erdogan said Tuesday that Turkish troops, who had managed to capture the strategic Bursayah hill, northeast of Afrin town, on Sunday, were now attempting to take control of nearby hills and mountains.Associated Press

A Turkish motorcyclist drives on the outskirts of the border town of Kilis, Turkey, in support of Turkish troops, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018. Turkey launched a military offensive against Afrin on Jan. 20 to drive out the Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units, or YPG, which is says are an extension of the outlawed Kurdish rebels inside Turkey.Associated Press

Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan waves to members of his ruling party at the parliament in Ankara, Turkey, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018. Turkish troops and allied Syrian opposition fighters have cleared two villages in a northern Syrian enclave of Syrian Kurdish fighters which Turkey considers to be terrorists. Erdogan said Tuesday that Turkish troops, who had managed to capture the strategic Bursayah hill, northeast of Afrin town, on Sunday, were now attempting to take control of nearby hills and mountains.Associated Press

Smoke rises in the air from Turkish forces shelling inside Syria, as seen from the outskirts of the town of Kilis, Turkey, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018. Turkey launched a military offensive against the Kurdish enclave of Afrin on Jan. 20 to drive out the Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units, or YPG, which is says are an extension of the outlawed Kurdish rebels inside Turkey. (AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis)Associated Press

Turkey-backed Syrian opposition fighters of the Free Syrian Army atop a machine gun fitted pick-up truck are driven towards the border with Syria, in the outskirts of the border town of Kilis, Turkey, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018. Turkey launched a military offensive against Afrin on Jan. 20 to drive out the Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units, or YPG, which is says are an extension of the outlawed Kurdish rebels inside Turkey.Associated Press

A Turkish police officer tries to stop members of the media from filming as Turkey-backed Syrian opposition fighters of the Free Syrian Army atop a machine gun fitted pick-up truck prepare to be driven towards the border with Syria, in the outskirts of the border town of Kilis, Turkey, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018. Turkey launched a military offensive against Afrin on Jan. 20 to drive out the Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units, or YPG, which is says are an extension of the outlawed Kurdish rebels inside Turkey.Associated Press

Police and firefighters work at a scene of a rocket attack, fired from inside Syria, in the border town of Kilis, Turkey, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018. Turkey had launched a military offensive against the nearby Kurdish enclave of Afrin on Jan. 20 to drive out the Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units, or YPG, which is says are an extension of the outlawed Kurdish rebels inside Turkey.Associated Press

Police and firefighters work at a scene of a rocket attack, fired from inside Syria, in the border town of Kilis, Turkey, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018. Turkey had launched a military offensive against the nearby Kurdish enclave of Afrin on Jan. 20 to drive out the Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units, or YPG, which is says are an extension of the outlawed Kurdish rebels inside Turkey.Associated Press

Police and firefighters work at a scene of a rocket attack, fired from inside Syria, in the border town of Kilis, Turkey, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018. Turkey had launched a military offensive against the nearby Kurdish enclave of Afrin on Jan. 20 to drive out the Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units, or YPG, which is says are an extension of the outlawed Kurdish rebels inside Turkey.Associated Press

Police and firefighters work at a scene of a rocket attack, fired from inside Syria, in the border town of Kilis, Turkey, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018. Turkey had launched a military offensive against the nearby Kurdish enclave of Afrin on Jan. 20 to drive out the Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units, or YPG, which is says are an extension of the outlawed Kurdish rebels inside Turkey.Associated Press

Turkish police push back members of the media at the scene of a rocket attack, fired from inside Syria, in the border town of Kilis, Turkey, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018. Turkey had launched a military offensive against the nearby Kurdish enclave of Afrin on Jan. 20 to drive out the Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units, or YPG, which is says are an extension of the outlawed Kurdish rebels inside Turkey.Associated Press

Turkish firefighters work at a scene of a rocket attack, fired from inside Syria, in the border town of Kilis, Turkey, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018. Turkey had launched a military offensive against the nearby Kurdish enclave of Afrin on Jan. 20 to drive out the Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units, or YPG, which is says are an extension of the outlawed Kurdish rebels inside Turkey.Associated Press

Police and firefighters work at a scene of a rocket attack, fired from inside Syria, in the border town of Kilis, Turkey, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018. Turkey had launched a military offensive against the nearby Kurdish enclave of Afrin on Jan. 20 to drive out the Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units, or YPG, which is says are an extension of the outlawed Kurdish rebels inside Turkey.Associated Press

Police and firefighters work at a scene of a rocket attack, fired from inside Syria, in the border town of Kilis, Turkey, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018. Turkey had launched a military offensive against the nearby Kurdish enclave of Afrin on Jan. 20 to drive out the Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units, or YPG, which is says are an extension of the outlawed Kurdish rebels inside Turkey.Associated Press

Residents look on as police and firefighters work at a scene of a rocket attack, fired from inside Syria, in the border town of Kilis, Turkey, Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018. Turkey had launched a military offensive against the nearby Kurdish enclave of Afrin on Jan. 20 to drive out the Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units, or YPG, which is says are an extension of the outlawed Kurdish rebels inside Turkey.Associated Press

By NATALIYA VASILYEVA and VLADIMIR ISACHENKOV

MOSCOW -- A Russia-hosted Syrian peace conference ended Tuesday with a plan to draft a new constitution as part of efforts to end the nearly seven-year civil war, but key opposition and rebel groups boycotted the gathering and it remained unclear if they would join the process.

The conference, held in the Black Sea resort of Sochi, was also overshadowed by renewed fighting in northern Syria.

Opposition activists reported more airstrikes on the rebel-held Idlib province, where dozens have been killed in government air raids this week, and Turkish troops continued their offensive on the Afrin enclave, held by a U.S.-allied Kurdish militia which also boycotted the Russian-sponsored talks.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov nevertheless hailed the Syrian Congress of National Dialogue as an important step toward peace in Syria and sought to play down the opposition boycott.

"No one expected that it would be possible to bring together representatives of all groups of Syrians without exclusion," he told reporters after the talks. "There is no big tragedy that two or three groups weren't able to attend."

Lavrov said the conference participants agreed to form a constitutional committee that will be based in Geneva. He said the delegates named some of its members, adding that groups which didn't attend the Sochi talks will also be invited to name their representatives to the committee.

U.N. Syria envoy Staffan de Mistura, who has been leading Syria peace talks in Geneva, attended the Sochi conference.

"I will be indicating as soon as possible - because Syria cannot wait - how I intend to proceed on my mandated task" to set a schedule and process for constitution drafting in Geneva, he said in a statement.

"All Syrians seek a safe, calm and neutral environment for a constitutional drafting to unfold," he said. "All Syrians need a sustained ceasefire, full humanitarian access and the release (of) detainees, abductees and missing people."

Alexander Lavrentyev, Russian President Vladimir Putin's envoy for Syria, said 1,393 delegates attended the congress. He said that the Sochi organizers were aiming to help revive the U.N.-backed talks in Geneva, not to sidetrack them.

The Geneva negotiations have made little progress since they began four years ago. The opposition's demand that President Bashar Assad play no role in a future political transition has been the main sticking point.

The Sochi talks, by contrast, were not intended to address Assad's fate, but to instead discuss constitutional reforms and future elections.

Sharp disagreements among those attending the Sochi conference were apparent as it opened, with some interrupting Lavrov's welcome address by chanting pro- and anti-Russian slogans. "You are killing our people," an opposition supporter chanted before he was approached by security.

The main opposition umbrella group, a Saudi-backed coalition known as the Higher Negotiations Committee, has been representing the opposition in Geneva. It did not attend the Sochi meeting.

Separate talks held in Kazakhstan, another Russian-backed negotiating track, have focused on reaching local cease-fires.

The Syrian civil war is far from over, despite major gains by Assad's forces and the expulsion of the Islamic State group from virtually all the territory it once held.

Turkish troops and allied Syrian forces are fighting their way into the Afrin enclave, held by a Syrian Kurdish militia known as the People's Defense Units, or YPG. Turkey views the YPG as an ally of the Kurdish separatists who have waged a decades-long insurgency against it.

The U.S.-led coalition partnered with the YPG against the Islamic State group, and today the militia and allied forces control some 25 percent of Syria's territory. Washington has called on its NATO ally Turkey to show restraint and has urged all sides to remain focused on defeating IS.

The YPG declined to attend the Sochi conference, saying it holds Russia responsible for the Turkish offensive.

Associated Press journalists in the Turkish border province of Kilis could hear Turkish artillery fire pounding a hill across the border on Tuesday. They saw around 20 Turkey-backed Syrian fighters preparing to cross in four pickups mounted with machine guns. A rocket fired from northern Syria struck a building in Kilis on Tuesday, without hurting anyone.

Elsewhere, a civilian attached to a Turkish deployment in northwest Syria was killed in a car bomb blast targeting a military convoy, the Turkish military said. The convoy was part of Turkey's 'de-escalation' force deployed inside a rebel stronghold to enforce an agreement with Russia and Iran to stabilize the lines of conflict in the war-torn country.

Turkish authorities meanwhile detained eight senior members of a medical association who had spoken out against the offensive, state-run media reported.

Rasit Tukel, the chief of the Turkish Medical Association, and seven other members were detained in police operations in Ankara and other cities for breach of Turkey's anti-terror laws, the Anadolu Agency reported. It said prosecutors had issued warrants for 11 other members.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has accused the association of betrayal and its members of being "terrorist lovers" after the group warned of the humanitarian costs of the offensive, which was launched on Jan. 20.

As many as 311 people have been detained in the past week in Turkey for allegedly engaging in "terrorist propaganda" through social media postings critical of the operation.

The Paris-based media watchdog Reporters Without Borders has slammed the detentions, calling it a government "witch hunt against critics."

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights says the operation has so far claimed the lives of 61 civilians in Afrin, three in Turkish towns along the border and five Turkish soldiers.

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