History Researchhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/8582018-05-24T17:36:35Z2018-05-24T17:36:35ZThe birth of a group : two Roma micro-groups in Bukovina and TransylvaniaMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, Veselinhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/134282018-05-22T14:30:04Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZThe study is based on a field trip to Roma communities the Carpathian region and focuses on the Roma living in two villages, Hlynytsya in Bukovina (Ukraine) and Uila/Weilau in Transylvania (Romania). Both cases refer to settled Roma, who make their living as hired workers in agriculture, combined with the provision of musical services to specific ethnic communities in their home region and even farther away. The analysis of some characteristics common to both Roma communities makes it possible to draw several conclusions about their historical and current development, which in both cases led to the creation of two new small Roma groups. The study comes to confirm once again that the contemporary mosaic of Roma communities in Europe, formed after several centuries of Roma presence, is only a temporary historical phenomenon.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, VeselinThe study is based on a field trip to Roma communities the Carpathian region and focuses on the Roma living in two villages, Hlynytsya in Bukovina (Ukraine) and Uila/Weilau in Transylvania (Romania). Both cases refer to settled Roma, who make their living as hired workers in agriculture, combined with the provision of musical services to specific ethnic communities in their home region and even farther away. The analysis of some characteristics common to both Roma communities makes it possible to draw several conclusions about their historical and current development, which in both cases led to the creation of two new small Roma groups. The study comes to confirm once again that the contemporary mosaic of Roma communities in Europe, formed after several centuries of Roma presence, is only a temporary historical phenomenon.「中央ヨーロッパにおける言語の創造 chūō yōroppa ni okeru gengo no sōzō : 長期的な観点から」chōkiteki na kanten karaKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/133702018-05-17T23:16:12Z2016-01-01T00:00:00Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz Dominik「中央ヨーロッパと東•東南アジアの類似性 chūō yōroppa to higashi-tōnan ajia no ruijisei : 言語と民族と国家の規範的同型性 gengo to minzoku to kokka no kihanteki dōkeiseiKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/133692018-05-17T23:16:06Z2016-01-01T00:00:00Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikCzystki etniczne w dwudziestowiecznej EuropieKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/133642018-05-19T23:33:22Z2001-01-01T00:00:00Z2001-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikA dictionary of English homophones with explanations in PolishKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/133582018-05-19T23:33:54Z1992-01-01T00:00:00Z1992-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz Dominik中欧和东亚，东南亚的相似性 Zhong’ou he dongya dongnanya de xiangsixing : 语言和民族以及国家的规范同型性 yuyan he minzu yiji guojia de guifan dongxingxingKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/133542018-05-17T10:30:10Z2016-01-01T00:00:00Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikScotland's eroding heritage : a collaborative response to the impact of climate changeGraham Allsop, Elinor LouiseHambly, JoannaDawson, Thomas Christopherhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/132752018-05-05T23:32:57Z2017-11-20T00:00:00ZFunding: Heritage Lottery Fund, Historic Environment Scotland, the Crown Estate and the University of St Andrews.
2017-11-20T00:00:00ZGraham Allsop, Elinor LouiseHambly, JoannaDawson, Thomas ChristopherJak chronić śląszczyznęKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/130242018-04-14T23:34:45Z2018-03-13T00:00:00Z2018-03-13T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikThe Scottish Enlightenment and the matter of TroyKidd, Colin Craighttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/130162018-05-05T23:32:58Z2018-03-18T00:00:00ZThe modern world knows the Scottish Enlightenment as the nursery of today’s social sciences, when the outlines of economics, sociology and anthropology first became apparent in the works of Adam Smith and his contemporaries. However, deeper immersion in eighteenth-century Scottish culture reveals the enduring importance of classical antiquity to intellectuals who were as much late humanists as pioneer social scientists. Indeed, the unexpected fascination of enlightened Scots with the Trojan War and the ancient post-savage society described by Homer opens up new perspectives on Scottish Enlightenment sociology as an offshoot of classical erudition. Moreover, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the institutional embodiment of the Scottish Enlightenment, played a dominant part in the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century debate about the location of Troy.
2018-03-18T00:00:00ZKidd, Colin CraigThe modern world knows the Scottish Enlightenment as the nursery of today’s social sciences, when the outlines of economics, sociology and anthropology first became apparent in the works of Adam Smith and his contemporaries. However, deeper immersion in eighteenth-century Scottish culture reveals the enduring importance of classical antiquity to intellectuals who were as much late humanists as pioneer social scientists. Indeed, the unexpected fascination of enlightened Scots with the Trojan War and the ancient post-savage society described by Homer opens up new perspectives on Scottish Enlightenment sociology as an offshoot of classical erudition. Moreover, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the institutional embodiment of the Scottish Enlightenment, played a dominant part in the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century debate about the location of Troy.Global turns : other states, other civilizationsKidd, Colinhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/129842018-05-13T01:35:22Z2018-03-07T00:00:00ZAlthough Ideological Origins was published before ‘globalization’ had entered the historical lexicon, Bernard Bailyn recovered the global perspectives of eighteenth-century Britons, who were keenly aware of parallels with ancient Rome, alert to the character of contemporary empires across Eurasia, and anxious about the recent Europe-wide decline of limited monarchies into despotisms.
2018-03-07T00:00:00ZKidd, ColinAlthough Ideological Origins was published before ‘globalization’ had entered the historical lexicon, Bernard Bailyn recovered the global perspectives of eighteenth-century Britons, who were keenly aware of parallels with ancient Rome, alert to the character of contemporary empires across Eurasia, and anxious about the recent Europe-wide decline of limited monarchies into despotisms.The triple division of the Slavic languages : a linguistic finding, a product of politics, or an accident?Kamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/129052018-03-13T00:16:14Z2005-01-01T00:00:00ZThe first and rather simple classificatory schemes of the Slavic languages appeared in the first half of the 19th century. The idea that languages develop from one another caught on when the heuristic diagram in the form of Stammbaum (genetic tree) was employed to portray this hypothesis in the second half of the 19th century. Quite unrealistically, the Stammbaum suggests that languages are discrete and self-contained entities, which rapidly branch out from their “parent languages,” as if they were actual “babies” born on a given day. On the other hand, it is well attested that the relatively “sharp” linguistic boundaries arise only between dialect continua, and even those can be bridged by creole continua. Within the dialect continuum language forms change gradually from village to village. The concept of “a language” requires that a segment of a dialect continuum (invariably connected to a power center, that is, a capital) be made into the basis of a written language, which is standardized by its widespread employment in administration, education and literature, and by the compilation of authoritative dictionaries and grammars as well. With the rise of standard languages, the illusion of discrete languages emerged, and became the normative concept of thinking about languages in general. In Central Europe this paradigm of thinking about the linguistic feed backed with the legitimizing force of ethnic nationalisms, in emulation of the German and Italian models. As a consequence, the specifically Central European model of ethnolinguistic nationalism came into being, characterized by the following equation, language = nation = state. This formula became the normative political standard in Central Europe. In accordance with it, ethnolinguistic nation-states were founded in the region. The linguistic Stammbaum perfectly suited the political needs of these new ethnolinguistic nation-states, because, “in the scientific manner,” it emphasized the “inherent separateness” of their languages and nations, which, in turn, legitimized the existence of the corresponding states as separate polities. Afterward, the self-fulfilling prophecy of this ethnolinguistic norm was actualized by official and social stigmatization of dialects, promotion of standard national languages via the mass media and the educational system, forced and economically-driven mass population movements, and expulsions of the speakers of languages other than the national ones. Inevitably, with the founding of the Central European nation-states the wealth of various classificatory schemes of the Slavic languages was “standardized” in line with the political reality to the still prevailing triple division of the Slavic languages, which apportions these languages between the Eastern, Southern, and Western “branches” of the Slavic “genetic tree.” This classification is presented as “scientific” and based on linguistic findings. But there are just two Slavic dialect continua, Northern and Southern, bisected by the West Germanic and East Romance dialect continua, and the remnant of the Finno-Ugric dialect continuum. Hence, it appears that the division between the Eastern Slavic languages, and the Western ones hinges rather on religious, alphabetic, and political cleavages, that is, extralinguistic ones. The normative force of the political equation language = nation = state that underlies the triple division of the Slavic languages is extremely strong to this day. German and Italian are shared as national languages by several nation-states and minority languages of stateless nations/ethnic groups (Sardinian, Frisian, Sorbian) are recognized in Italy and Germany, though sometimes grudgingly. On the contrary, not a single Slavic language is shared as a national language by nation-states. Thus, the breakup of Yugoslavia entailed the breakup of Serbo-Croatian into Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, and, perhaps, Montenegrin. What is more, Poland withheld recognition to Kashubian as a language until the late 1990s, and still does not agree to recognize Silesian. Similarly, Bulgaria refuses to recognize Pomakian, Belarus Polesian, Ukraine Rusyn, and Croatia Bunjevcian as languages. It is so, because in the Central European paradigm of ethnolinguistic nationalism that would be tantamount to recognizing the speech communities of these languages as separate nations, ergo, their right to establish their own nation-states. The triple classificatory scheme of the Slavic languages, though of such recent and rather unscientific (that is, not purely linguistic) origin, has become a dogma of Slavic studies, accepted worldwide. This shows how intimate are the links between politics and academia; how the political influences research results; and how, by chance and coincidence, a heuristic device (for instance, the Stammbaum) suits some current political needs, and can be proclaimed the “true reflection” of reality, while the political is busy shaping this reality so it becomes identical with what is proclaimed. The reinforcing normative relationship between the model and reality being so strong and politically motivated, outside observers tend to mistake the model for reality. This explains the widespread, popular and unwavering acceptance of the triple classificatory scheme of the Slavic languages outside the Slavophone countries.
2005-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikThe first and rather simple classificatory schemes of the Slavic languages appeared in the first half of the 19th century. The idea that languages develop from one another caught on when the heuristic diagram in the form of Stammbaum (genetic tree) was employed to portray this hypothesis in the second half of the 19th century. Quite unrealistically, the Stammbaum suggests that languages are discrete and self-contained entities, which rapidly branch out from their “parent languages,” as if they were actual “babies” born on a given day. On the other hand, it is well attested that the relatively “sharp” linguistic boundaries arise only between dialect continua, and even those can be bridged by creole continua. Within the dialect continuum language forms change gradually from village to village. The concept of “a language” requires that a segment of a dialect continuum (invariably connected to a power center, that is, a capital) be made into the basis of a written language, which is standardized by its widespread employment in administration, education and literature, and by the compilation of authoritative dictionaries and grammars as well. With the rise of standard languages, the illusion of discrete languages emerged, and became the normative concept of thinking about languages in general. In Central Europe this paradigm of thinking about the linguistic feed backed with the legitimizing force of ethnic nationalisms, in emulation of the German and Italian models. As a consequence, the specifically Central European model of ethnolinguistic nationalism came into being, characterized by the following equation, language = nation = state. This formula became the normative political standard in Central Europe. In accordance with it, ethnolinguistic nation-states were founded in the region. The linguistic Stammbaum perfectly suited the political needs of these new ethnolinguistic nation-states, because, “in the scientific manner,” it emphasized the “inherent separateness” of their languages and nations, which, in turn, legitimized the existence of the corresponding states as separate polities. Afterward, the self-fulfilling prophecy of this ethnolinguistic norm was actualized by official and social stigmatization of dialects, promotion of standard national languages via the mass media and the educational system, forced and economically-driven mass population movements, and expulsions of the speakers of languages other than the national ones. Inevitably, with the founding of the Central European nation-states the wealth of various classificatory schemes of the Slavic languages was “standardized” in line with the political reality to the still prevailing triple division of the Slavic languages, which apportions these languages between the Eastern, Southern, and Western “branches” of the Slavic “genetic tree.” This classification is presented as “scientific” and based on linguistic findings. But there are just two Slavic dialect continua, Northern and Southern, bisected by the West Germanic and East Romance dialect continua, and the remnant of the Finno-Ugric dialect continuum. Hence, it appears that the division between the Eastern Slavic languages, and the Western ones hinges rather on religious, alphabetic, and political cleavages, that is, extralinguistic ones. The normative force of the political equation language = nation = state that underlies the triple division of the Slavic languages is extremely strong to this day. German and Italian are shared as national languages by several nation-states and minority languages of stateless nations/ethnic groups (Sardinian, Frisian, Sorbian) are recognized in Italy and Germany, though sometimes grudgingly. On the contrary, not a single Slavic language is shared as a national language by nation-states. Thus, the breakup of Yugoslavia entailed the breakup of Serbo-Croatian into Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, and, perhaps, Montenegrin. What is more, Poland withheld recognition to Kashubian as a language until the late 1990s, and still does not agree to recognize Silesian. Similarly, Bulgaria refuses to recognize Pomakian, Belarus Polesian, Ukraine Rusyn, and Croatia Bunjevcian as languages. It is so, because in the Central European paradigm of ethnolinguistic nationalism that would be tantamount to recognizing the speech communities of these languages as separate nations, ergo, their right to establish their own nation-states. The triple classificatory scheme of the Slavic languages, though of such recent and rather unscientific (that is, not purely linguistic) origin, has become a dogma of Slavic studies, accepted worldwide. This shows how intimate are the links between politics and academia; how the political influences research results; and how, by chance and coincidence, a heuristic device (for instance, the Stammbaum) suits some current political needs, and can be proclaimed the “true reflection” of reality, while the political is busy shaping this reality so it becomes identical with what is proclaimed. The reinforcing normative relationship between the model and reality being so strong and politically motivated, outside observers tend to mistake the model for reality. This explains the widespread, popular and unwavering acceptance of the triple classificatory scheme of the Slavic languages outside the Slavophone countries.Soldiers, Villagers, and Politics: Military Violence and the Jacquerie of 1358Firnhaber-Baker, Justine Mariehttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/128952018-03-31T23:42:15Z2016-03-09T00:00:00ZThis work was undertaken with the support of a British Arts and Humanities Research Council Early Career Fellowship (grant reference AH/K006843/1).
2016-03-09T00:00:00ZFirnhaber-Baker, Justine MarieПътища за никъде : Европейски политики за социално включване на ромитеMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, Veselinhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/128482018-03-31T23:40:18Z2018-01-01T00:00:00ZПрез последните години “ромската тема” заема все по-голямо и водещо място в публичното пространство на обединена Европа и съответно ромските политики се оказват сериозно предизвикателство на национално и европейско равнище. Преди да бъдят анализирани обаче съвременните политически дискурси за интеграцията и социалното включване на ромите, задължително е необходимо да се познават добре съществуващите до този момент държавни политики към циганите от пристигането им в Европа през Средновековието до наши дни. Тъй като огромната част от ромите продължава да живее в страните от Източна Европа, от особена важност тук са политиките в държавите, включени след Втората световна война в т.нар. “социалистически лагер”. Анализът на съществуващите основни политически дискурси към циганите/ромите (и най-вече на резултатите от тях) трябва да бъде основата, от която трябва да се изхожда при анализа на съвремените национални и европейски дискурси на ромските политики. На тази основа могат да се обяснят постиженията и неудачите на тези политики, и да се прогнозират техните разултати (или липсата на такива).
2018-01-01T00:00:00ZMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, VeselinПрез последните години “ромската тема” заема все по-голямо и водещо място в публичното пространство на обединена Европа и съответно ромските политики се оказват сериозно предизвикателство на национално и европейско равнище. Преди да бъдят анализирани обаче съвременните политически дискурси за интеграцията и социалното включване на ромите, задължително е необходимо да се познават добре съществуващите до този момент държавни политики към циганите от пристигането им в Европа през Средновековието до наши дни. Тъй като огромната част от ромите продължава да живее в страните от Източна Европа, от особена важност тук са политиките в държавите, включени след Втората световна война в т.нар. “социалистически лагер”. Анализът на съществуващите основни политически дискурси към циганите/ромите (и най-вече на резултатите от тях) трябва да бъде основата, от която трябва да се изхожда при анализа на съвремените национални и европейски дискурси на ромските политики. На тази основа могат да се обяснят постиженията и неудачите на тези политики, и да се прогнозират техните разултати (или липсата на такива).The Carolingian past in post-Carolingian EuropeMacLean, Simonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/128372018-03-31T23:43:43Z2016-03-01T00:00:00Z2016-03-01T00:00:00ZMacLean, SimonPesticides, pollution and the UK's Silent Spring, 1963-64 : Poison in the garden of EnglandClark, J. F. M.http://hdl.handle.net/10023/127292018-02-17T00:16:07Z2017-09-20T00:00:00ZDespite being characterized as ‘one of the worst agricultural accidents in Britain in the 1960s’, the ‘Smarden incident’ has never been subjected to a complete historical analysis. In 1963, a toxic waste spill in Kent coincided with the publication of the British edition of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring. This essay argues that these events combined to ‘galvanize’ nascent toxic and environmental consciousness. A seemingly parochial toxic waste incident became part of a national phenomenon. The Smarden incident was considered to be indicative of the toxic hazards, which were borne of technocracy. It highlighted the inadequacies of existent concepts and practices for dealing with such hazards. As such, it was part of the fracturing of the consensus of progress: it made disagreements in expertise publicly visible. By the completion of the episode, ten different governmental ministries were involved. Douglas Good, a local veterinary surgeon, helped to effect the ‘reception’ of Silent Spring in the UK by telling the ‘Smarden story’ through local and national media and through the publications of anti-statist organizations.
Funding for much of the research for this essay was obtained from a Carnegie Trust Research Grant.
2017-09-20T00:00:00ZClark, J. F. M.Despite being characterized as ‘one of the worst agricultural accidents in Britain in the 1960s’, the ‘Smarden incident’ has never been subjected to a complete historical analysis. In 1963, a toxic waste spill in Kent coincided with the publication of the British edition of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring. This essay argues that these events combined to ‘galvanize’ nascent toxic and environmental consciousness. A seemingly parochial toxic waste incident became part of a national phenomenon. The Smarden incident was considered to be indicative of the toxic hazards, which were borne of technocracy. It highlighted the inadequacies of existent concepts and practices for dealing with such hazards. As such, it was part of the fracturing of the consensus of progress: it made disagreements in expertise publicly visible. By the completion of the episode, ten different governmental ministries were involved. Douglas Good, a local veterinary surgeon, helped to effect the ‘reception’ of Silent Spring in the UK by telling the ‘Smarden story’ through local and national media and through the publications of anti-statist organizations.People, space, and law in late medieval and early modern Britain and IrelandHouston, Roberthttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/126472018-05-06T00:33:21Z2016-02-01T00:00:00ZThis article seeks to unravel the different concordances between law, geography, and people over time, showing that how jurisdiction was conceived contributed to quite different relationships between people and space in diverse regions of Britain and Ireland. It discusses mainly the functions and officials of administrative units (such as parish, manor, and barony), the extent and nature of jurisdictions (such as English coroners’), title to land and moveable property, and the maintenance of law and order. The article paints a broad-brush picture, mainly of structures, which ranges across the late medieval and early modern period. It brings together a number of spatial entities and it seeks to nuance meanings of space, place, and territory, which are often used interchangeably by historians. The central question is: how important was space to the law’s dealings with people and things? The argument is that the English attached far clearer legal meaning to territory than did the peoples of the other parts of the British Isles. Jurisdiction in space was particularly important for the English – one element constituting their society - whereas Scots, Welsh, and Irish had more person-focused laws and practices that emphasized the social over the spatial, general principles over specific applications: ‘people-in-space’, governed by law.
2016-02-01T00:00:00ZHouston, RobertThis article seeks to unravel the different concordances between law, geography, and people over time, showing that how jurisdiction was conceived contributed to quite different relationships between people and space in diverse regions of Britain and Ireland. It discusses mainly the functions and officials of administrative units (such as parish, manor, and barony), the extent and nature of jurisdictions (such as English coroners’), title to land and moveable property, and the maintenance of law and order. The article paints a broad-brush picture, mainly of structures, which ranges across the late medieval and early modern period. It brings together a number of spatial entities and it seeks to nuance meanings of space, place, and territory, which are often used interchangeably by historians. The central question is: how important was space to the law’s dealings with people and things? The argument is that the English attached far clearer legal meaning to territory than did the peoples of the other parts of the British Isles. Jurisdiction in space was particularly important for the English – one element constituting their society - whereas Scots, Welsh, and Irish had more person-focused laws and practices that emphasized the social over the spatial, general principles over specific applications: ‘people-in-space’, governed by law.Central Europe through the lens of language and politics : on the sample maps from the Atlas of language politics in modern Central Europehttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/126152018-05-19T23:33:53Z2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Part 1 has been archived in its complete form. Part 2 has been archived without maps. The maps can be accessed via the publisher's website - http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/publictn/slavic_eurasia_papers/no10/index.html.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZRealms, regions and lords : Ireland and Scotland in the later middle agesBrown, Michael Hunterhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/125172018-05-12T23:33:34Z2015-01-01T00:00:00ZLos estudios sobre política de las Islas Británicas en la baja edad media han tendido a tratar sobre territorios concretos o a poner el Reino de Inglaterra en el centro de los debates. No obstante, en términos de su tamaño y carácter interno, hay buenas razones para considerar el Reino de Escocia y el Señorío de Irlanda como modelos de sociedad política. Más allá las significativas diferencias en el estatus, leyes y relaciones externas, hacia el año 1400 los dos territorios pueden relacionarse por compartir experiencias comunes de gobierno y de guerras internas. Éstas son las más aparentes desde una perspectiva regional. Tanto Irlanda y Escocia operaban como sistemas políticos regionalizados en los que predominaban los intereses de las principales casas aristocráticas. La importancia de dichas casas fue reconocida tanto internamente como por el gobierno real. Observando en regiones paralelas, Munster y el nordeste de Escocia, es posible identificar rasgos comparables y diferencias de largo término en dichas sociedades. | Studies of the polities of the British Isles in the later middle ages have tended to deal with the individual lands or to place the English kingdom at the centre of discussions. However, in terms of their size and internal character there are good reasons for considering the Scottish kingdom and the lordship of Ireland as models of political society. Beneath the significant differences of status, law and external relationships, around 1400 the two lands can be regarded as sharing common experiences of government and internal warfare. These are most apparent from a regional perspective. Both Ireland and Scotland operated as regionalised polities in which the interests of major aristocratic houses predominated. The importance of such houses was recognised both internally and by the royal government. By looking at parallel regions, Munster and north-east Scotland, it is possible to identify comparable features and long-term differences between these societies.
2015-01-01T00:00:00ZBrown, Michael HunterLos estudios sobre política de las Islas Británicas en la baja edad media han tendido a tratar sobre territorios concretos o a poner el Reino de Inglaterra en el centro de los debates. No obstante, en términos de su tamaño y carácter interno, hay buenas razones para considerar el Reino de Escocia y el Señorío de Irlanda como modelos de sociedad política. Más allá las significativas diferencias en el estatus, leyes y relaciones externas, hacia el año 1400 los dos territorios pueden relacionarse por compartir experiencias comunes de gobierno y de guerras internas. Éstas son las más aparentes desde una perspectiva regional. Tanto Irlanda y Escocia operaban como sistemas políticos regionalizados en los que predominaban los intereses de las principales casas aristocráticas. La importancia de dichas casas fue reconocida tanto internamente como por el gobierno real. Observando en regiones paralelas, Munster y el nordeste de Escocia, es posible identificar rasgos comparables y diferencias de largo término en dichas sociedades. | Studies of the polities of the British Isles in the later middle ages have tended to deal with the individual lands or to place the English kingdom at the centre of discussions. However, in terms of their size and internal character there are good reasons for considering the Scottish kingdom and the lordship of Ireland as models of political society. Beneath the significant differences of status, law and external relationships, around 1400 the two lands can be regarded as sharing common experiences of government and internal warfare. These are most apparent from a regional perspective. Both Ireland and Scotland operated as regionalised polities in which the interests of major aristocratic houses predominated. The importance of such houses was recognised both internally and by the royal government. By looking at parallel regions, Munster and north-east Scotland, it is possible to identify comparable features and long-term differences between these societies.Ladies, gentlemen, and scientific publication at the Royal Society, 1945-1990Rostvik, Camilla MorkFyfe, Aileenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/124922018-04-07T23:35:22Z2018-01-11T00:00:00ZThis paper extends the scholarship on gender and scientific authorship by exploring women’s involvement in editorial decision-making. Prior to 1945, women scientists could submit their work to the journals of the Royal Society, but they were excluded from all editorial and evaluation roles: such gate-keeping roles were reserved for Fellows of the Society. We draw upon the Society’s archive to examine the experiences of female authors, referees, and communicators in the period after women were admitted to the Fellowship. We investigate the involvement of women in both anonymous roles (e.g. as referees), and in publicly-visible positions of editorial responsibility (e.g. as communicators, and committee chairs). We reveal that women were better represented in both types of roles in the 1950s than in the 1970s and 1980s. These findings are pertinent to current debates about bias in the peer-review system, and the gendering of academic reward and recognition structures.
2018-01-11T00:00:00ZRostvik, Camilla MorkFyfe, AileenThis paper extends the scholarship on gender and scientific authorship by exploring women’s involvement in editorial decision-making. Prior to 1945, women scientists could submit their work to the journals of the Royal Society, but they were excluded from all editorial and evaluation roles: such gate-keeping roles were reserved for Fellows of the Society. We draw upon the Society’s archive to examine the experiences of female authors, referees, and communicators in the period after women were admitted to the Fellowship. We investigate the involvement of women in both anonymous roles (e.g. as referees), and in publicly-visible positions of editorial responsibility (e.g. as communicators, and committee chairs). We reveal that women were better represented in both types of roles in the 1950s than in the 1970s and 1980s. These findings are pertinent to current debates about bias in the peer-review system, and the gendering of academic reward and recognition structures.The Arabic language : a Latin of modernity?Kamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/124432018-04-01T01:37:37Z2017-12-01T00:00:00ZStandard Arabic is directly derived from the language of the Quran. The Arabic language of the holy book of Islam is seen as the prescriptive benchmark of correctness for the use and standardization of Arabic. As such, this standard language is removed from the vernaculars over a millennium years, which Arabic-speakers employ nowadays in everyday life. Furthermore, standard Arabic is used for written purposes but very rarely spoken, which implies that there are no native speakers of this language. As a result, no speech community of standard Arabic exists. Depending on the region or state, Arabs (understood here as Arabic speakers) belong to over 20 different vernacular speech communities centered around Arabic dialects. This feature is unique among the so-called “large languages” of the modern world. However, from a historical perspective, it can be likened to the functioning of Latin as the sole (written) language in Western Europe until the Reformation and in Central Europe until the mid-19th century. After the seventh to ninth century, there was no Latin-speaking community, while in day-to-day life, people who employed Latin for written use spoke vernaculars. Afterward these vernaculars replaced Latin in written use also, so that now each recognized European language corresponds to a speech community. In future, faced with the demands of globalization, the diglossic nature of Arabic may yet yield a ternary polyglossia (triglossia): with the vernacular for everyday life; standard Arabic for formal texts, politics, and religion; and a western language (English, French, or Spanish) for science, business technology, and the perusal of belles-lettres.
2017-12-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikStandard Arabic is directly derived from the language of the Quran. The Arabic language of the holy book of Islam is seen as the prescriptive benchmark of correctness for the use and standardization of Arabic. As such, this standard language is removed from the vernaculars over a millennium years, which Arabic-speakers employ nowadays in everyday life. Furthermore, standard Arabic is used for written purposes but very rarely spoken, which implies that there are no native speakers of this language. As a result, no speech community of standard Arabic exists. Depending on the region or state, Arabs (understood here as Arabic speakers) belong to over 20 different vernacular speech communities centered around Arabic dialects. This feature is unique among the so-called “large languages” of the modern world. However, from a historical perspective, it can be likened to the functioning of Latin as the sole (written) language in Western Europe until the Reformation and in Central Europe until the mid-19th century. After the seventh to ninth century, there was no Latin-speaking community, while in day-to-day life, people who employed Latin for written use spoke vernaculars. Afterward these vernaculars replaced Latin in written use also, so that now each recognized European language corresponds to a speech community. In future, faced with the demands of globalization, the diglossic nature of Arabic may yet yield a ternary polyglossia (triglossia): with the vernacular for everyday life; standard Arabic for formal texts, politics, and religion; and a western language (English, French, or Spanish) for science, business technology, and the perusal of belles-lettres.The Fergusson affair: Calvinism and dissimulation in the Scottish EnlightenmentKidd, Colin Craighttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/123902018-01-07T03:43:22Z2016-06-27T00:00:00Z2016-06-27T00:00:00ZKidd, Colin CraigIntroductionWhatmore, Richardhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/123892018-01-07T03:40:59Z2016-06-27T00:00:00Z2016-06-27T00:00:00ZWhatmore, RichardGeneva and Scotland: the Calvinist legacy and afterWhatmore, Richardhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/123882018-01-07T03:40:58Z2016-06-27T00:00:00Z2016-06-27T00:00:00ZWhatmore, RichardPolitics of multilingualism in Roma education in early Soviet Union and its current projectionsMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, Veselinhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/123812018-02-11T01:36:05Z2017-12-22T00:00:00ZThis article presents the history of the politics of multilingualism (or lack thereof) in regard to Roma (formerly known as “Gypsies”). In the 1920s and 1930s in the newly established Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, against a backdrop of proclaimed principles of full equality of all peoples living in the new state, commenced a rapid creation of schools for Roma children with instruction in Romani mother-tongue along with special training of Roma teachers. The results achieved were impressive in regard to the general literacy of Roma communities, but nevertheless in 1938 the “Gypsy schools” have been closed and Roma children were enrolled into mainstream schools lacking any elements of multilingualism. After World War II individual countries of Eastern Europe implemented various forms of special education for Roma children, neither of which however with elements of multilingualism. Only after the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe, in the conditions of transition and the subsequent Euro-integration, various singular countries in the region have developed individual elements of multilingualism and educational policies targeting Roma children (e.g. introducing under various forms a Romani language instruction). Sporadically there even appeared proposals for teaching instruction conducted entirely in Roma mother-tongue, which were debated and rejected (including by Roma themselves).
This article is written as a part of the research project ‘RomaInterbellum. Roma Civic Emancipation between the Two World Wars’ which has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 694656).
2017-12-22T00:00:00ZMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, VeselinThis article presents the history of the politics of multilingualism (or lack thereof) in regard to Roma (formerly known as “Gypsies”). In the 1920s and 1930s in the newly established Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, against a backdrop of proclaimed principles of full equality of all peoples living in the new state, commenced a rapid creation of schools for Roma children with instruction in Romani mother-tongue along with special training of Roma teachers. The results achieved were impressive in regard to the general literacy of Roma communities, but nevertheless in 1938 the “Gypsy schools” have been closed and Roma children were enrolled into mainstream schools lacking any elements of multilingualism. After World War II individual countries of Eastern Europe implemented various forms of special education for Roma children, neither of which however with elements of multilingualism. Only after the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe, in the conditions of transition and the subsequent Euro-integration, various singular countries in the region have developed individual elements of multilingualism and educational policies targeting Roma children (e.g. introducing under various forms a Romani language instruction). Sporadically there even appeared proposals for teaching instruction conducted entirely in Roma mother-tongue, which were debated and rejected (including by Roma themselves).Drummer Major James Spens: letters from a common soldier abroad, 1617-1632Murdoch, SteveGrosjean, Alexia Nora LinaTalbott, Siobhan Mariehttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/123662018-03-31T23:38:49Z2015-12-20T00:00:00Z2015-12-20T00:00:00ZMurdoch, SteveGrosjean, Alexia Nora LinaTalbott, Siobhan MarieThe network of James Garden of Aberdeen and north-eastern Scottish culture in the seventeenth centuryWilliams, Kelsey Jacksonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/123652018-03-31T23:38:10Z2015-12-20T00:00:00Z2015-12-20T00:00:00ZWilliams, Kelsey JacksonCivic and ethnic nationalism : a dichotomyKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/123532018-01-07T03:14:01Z2017-01-01T00:00:00Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikCommencement of Roma civic emancipationMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, Veselinhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/123272018-04-28T23:33:24Z2017-12-01T00:00:00ZThe article offers a revision of the widespread belief that Romani movement was born only during the second half of 20th century. Based on the research of historical sources we will show that it has much older roots. The departing point of the research presented in this article is the circumstance that Roma are not a hermetic social and cultural system. They exist in two dimensions, both as separate ethnic communities and as a part of the macro-society in which they live within the respective nation-states. Together with members of the macro-society they experienced breakdowns of old Empires and the establishment of national states. Under the conditions of historical turbulences in the period between two World Wars, Roma developed aspirations for civil emancipation, started to be civically engaged and politically institutionalized. On the basis of archival and media sources the article introduces the first manifestation of civic activities of Roma in an attempt to pursue their ethnic and community rights and their visions about their place in society and the future of their nation.
This article is written as a part of the research project ‘RomaInterbellum. Roma Civic Emancipation between the Two World Wars’ which has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 694656).
2017-12-01T00:00:00ZMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, VeselinThe article offers a revision of the widespread belief that Romani movement was born only during the second half of 20th century. Based on the research of historical sources we will show that it has much older roots. The departing point of the research presented in this article is the circumstance that Roma are not a hermetic social and cultural system. They exist in two dimensions, both as separate ethnic communities and as a part of the macro-society in which they live within the respective nation-states. Together with members of the macro-society they experienced breakdowns of old Empires and the establishment of national states. Under the conditions of historical turbulences in the period between two World Wars, Roma developed aspirations for civil emancipation, started to be civically engaged and politically institutionalized. On the basis of archival and media sources the article introduces the first manifestation of civic activities of Roma in an attempt to pursue their ethnic and community rights and their visions about their place in society and the future of their nation.Orientalism in Romani studies : the case of Eastern EuropeMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, Veselinhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/122402018-03-11T00:33:58Z2017-11-01T00:00:00ZThe article offers an critical analysis of the current state of the academic approaches in the field of Romani studies through prism of Orientalist approach not only toward research subject but also towards Romani scholars from Roma and Non-Roma origin. The article presents different approaches and methodological problems that appear in the study of Roma who live in Eastern Europe, or of Eastern European Origin. Two basic paradigms of Romani studies and in social practice and politics are discussed – their exoticization and their marginalisation, which can take on features of one or both of these two paradigms. On this backdrop the issues of academic ethic in Romani studies is raised. The emergence of NGO-science and native science as specific reflection of the two basic paradigms are discussed as well.
2017-11-01T00:00:00ZMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, VeselinThe article offers an critical analysis of the current state of the academic approaches in the field of Romani studies through prism of Orientalist approach not only toward research subject but also towards Romani scholars from Roma and Non-Roma origin. The article presents different approaches and methodological problems that appear in the study of Roma who live in Eastern Europe, or of Eastern European Origin. Two basic paradigms of Romani studies and in social practice and politics are discussed – their exoticization and their marginalisation, which can take on features of one or both of these two paradigms. On this backdrop the issues of academic ethic in Romani studies is raised. The emergence of NGO-science and native science as specific reflection of the two basic paradigms are discussed as well.Chronostratigraphy of an eroding complex Atlantic Round House, Baile Sear, ScotlandKinnaird, TimDawson, TomSanderson, DavidHamilton, DerekCresswell, AlanRennell, Rebeccahttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/121662018-01-24T13:30:10Z2017-11-07T00:00:00ZA high-resolution chronostratigraphy has been established for an eroding Atlantic round house at Sloc Sàbhaidh (North Uist, Scotland), combining detailed OSL profiling and dating of sediments encompassing the main bracketing events associated with the monument, radiocarbon AMS dates on bone recovered from excavated features and fills within it, and TL dates on pottery and burnt clay. Concordant OSL and radiocarbon evidence place construction of the wheelhouse in the first to second centuries AD, contemporary with dates from the primary occupation. Beneath the wheelhouse, clay deposits containing burnt material, attest to cultural activity in vicinity to the monument in the preceding second to first centuries BC. At a later date, the southern wall collapsed, was rebuilt, and the interior spaces to the monument re-structured. The chronology for the later horizons identified from the sediment luminescence dates extends to the second half of the first millennium AD, which goes beyond the range of the radiocarbon dates obtained. The data from ceramics encompass both periods. The juxtaposition of the dating evidence is discussed relative to short and longer chronologies for this Iron Age monument. Corollaries of this research are the implications that based on the long chronology, some of the ecofacts (bone) appear to be residual, and that the temporal duration of Hebridean Coarse Ware may extend into the second half of the first millennium AD.
The excavation team would like to thank Historic Scotland (now Historic Environment Scotland) and the University of St Andrews for providing funding.
2017-11-07T00:00:00ZKinnaird, TimDawson, TomSanderson, DavidHamilton, DerekCresswell, AlanRennell, RebeccaA high-resolution chronostratigraphy has been established for an eroding Atlantic round house at Sloc Sàbhaidh (North Uist, Scotland), combining detailed OSL profiling and dating of sediments encompassing the main bracketing events associated with the monument, radiocarbon AMS dates on bone recovered from excavated features and fills within it, and TL dates on pottery and burnt clay. Concordant OSL and radiocarbon evidence place construction of the wheelhouse in the first to second centuries AD, contemporary with dates from the primary occupation. Beneath the wheelhouse, clay deposits containing burnt material, attest to cultural activity in vicinity to the monument in the preceding second to first centuries BC. At a later date, the southern wall collapsed, was rebuilt, and the interior spaces to the monument re-structured. The chronology for the later horizons identified from the sediment luminescence dates extends to the second half of the first millennium AD, which goes beyond the range of the radiocarbon dates obtained. The data from ceramics encompass both periods. The juxtaposition of the dating evidence is discussed relative to short and longer chronologies for this Iron Age monument. Corollaries of this research are the implications that based on the long chronology, some of the ecofacts (bone) appear to be residual, and that the temporal duration of Hebridean Coarse Ware may extend into the second half of the first millennium AD.On diplomacy and botanical gifts : France, Mysore and Mauritius in 1788Easterby-Smith, Sarahhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/121052018-03-31T23:42:49Z2017-01-01T00:00:00Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZEasterby-Smith, SarahLearning from loss : eroding coastal heritage in ScotlandGraham Allsop, Elinor LouiseDawson, Thomas ChristopherHambly, Joannahttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/120422018-01-24T15:30:10Z2017-11-09T00:00:00ZHeritage sites are constantly changing due to natural processes, and this change can happen fastest at the coast. Much legislation has been enacted to protect sites of historic interest, but these do not protect sites from natural processes. Change is already happening, and climate change predictions suggest that the pace will accelerate in the future. Instead of seeing the potential destruction of heritage sites as a disaster, we should embrace the opportunity that they can provide for us to learn about the past and to plan for the future. Heritage laws often enshrine a policy of preservation in situ, meaning that our most spectacular sites are preserved in a state of equilibrium, with a default position of no permitted intervention. However, the options for threatened coastal sites mirror those of shoreline management plans, which usually recommend either the construction of a coastal defence or, more likely, a strategy of managed retreat, where erosion is allowed to take its course after appropriate mitigations strategies have been enacted. Managed retreat can lead to a range of research projects, some of which would not normally be possible at similar, unthreatened and legally protected monuments. Such research also has the potential to involve members of the public, who can help in the discovery process, and cascade what they have learned through their communities. Information shared can be about the heritage site itself, including how communities in the past coped at times of climatic stress; and also about the processes that are now threatening the monument, thus helping teach about present day climate change.
2017-11-09T00:00:00ZGraham Allsop, Elinor LouiseDawson, Thomas ChristopherHambly, JoannaHeritage sites are constantly changing due to natural processes, and this change can happen fastest at the coast. Much legislation has been enacted to protect sites of historic interest, but these do not protect sites from natural processes. Change is already happening, and climate change predictions suggest that the pace will accelerate in the future. Instead of seeing the potential destruction of heritage sites as a disaster, we should embrace the opportunity that they can provide for us to learn about the past and to plan for the future. Heritage laws often enshrine a policy of preservation in situ, meaning that our most spectacular sites are preserved in a state of equilibrium, with a default position of no permitted intervention. However, the options for threatened coastal sites mirror those of shoreline management plans, which usually recommend either the construction of a coastal defence or, more likely, a strategy of managed retreat, where erosion is allowed to take its course after appropriate mitigations strategies have been enacted. Managed retreat can lead to a range of research projects, some of which would not normally be possible at similar, unthreatened and legally protected monuments. Such research also has the potential to involve members of the public, who can help in the discovery process, and cascade what they have learned through their communities. Information shared can be about the heritage site itself, including how communities in the past coped at times of climatic stress; and also about the processes that are now threatening the monument, thus helping teach about present day climate change.Romanipe : Roma identities in migrationMarinov, Aleksandar Georgievhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/119192018-04-21T23:33:43Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZSeries editors: Hristo Kyuchukov and Ian Hancock
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZMarinov, Aleksandar GeorgievCurrent trends in the social-economic integration of Gypsy migrants in the European UnionMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, Veselinhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/118852018-03-31T23:40:18Z2017-08-08T00:00:00ZGypsies are not an isolated group, they have a multifaceted identity and national individuality. In order to identify the nature and determinants of Roma migrations, they should be given attention as an ethnically specific community. Roma migration in the past and in the present are determined by the collective strategies in response to current political and economic changes. Deceptive inconsistency of Gypsy migrations is explained by the heterogeneity of the Roma communities themselves and is manifested in various ways in different countries. Currently, the main participants of the migration are not a community of nomads, but the representatives of the settled Roma communities. The reason for this situation is the significant increase of integration of Roma in the countries of Eastern Europe. This leads to the inclusion of Roma in global migration processes.
2017-08-08T00:00:00ZMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, VeselinGypsies are not an isolated group, they have a multifaceted identity and national individuality. In order to identify the nature and determinants of Roma migrations, they should be given attention as an ethnically specific community. Roma migration in the past and in the present are determined by the collective strategies in response to current political and economic changes. Deceptive inconsistency of Gypsy migrations is explained by the heterogeneity of the Roma communities themselves and is manifested in various ways in different countries. Currently, the main participants of the migration are not a community of nomads, but the representatives of the settled Roma communities. The reason for this situation is the significant increase of integration of Roma in the countries of Eastern Europe. This leads to the inclusion of Roma in global migration processes.The work of Hans Aarsleff : a brief introductionHaakonssen, Knudhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/118492018-01-07T03:40:51Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZThe essay provides an overview of the main lines of argument that run through the work of Hans Aarsleff. The emphasis is on the history of language theory as an integral part of intellectual history.
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZHaakonssen, KnudThe essay provides an overview of the main lines of argument that run through the work of Hans Aarsleff. The emphasis is on the history of language theory as an integral part of intellectual history.Three Arabic Letters from North Sumatra of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuriesPeacock, Andrew Charles Spencerhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/118422018-01-28T01:33:47Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZThis article examines three Arabic documents, one from the Sultanate of Samudera-Pasai dated 1516, and two from the Sultanate of Aceh, dated 1602 and 1603, written in the name of Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah (r.1589–1604). The Samudera-Pasai document represents the earliest surviving manuscript in the Arabic script from Southeast Asia, while the second and third letters are some of the earliest documents that have come down to us from the Aceh sultanate. Despite their historical importance, these documents have not previously been adequately published. This article presents an analysis from a diplomatic, stylistic and philological point of view, comparing them with Malay and Middle Eastern epistolary traditions and examining the significance of the use of Arabic. It also considers the light they shed on diplomatic practice in early modern North Sumatra. An edition and modern English translation of the documents are presented in an appendix, along with a contemporary Portuguese translation of the Pasai letter and the translation by the English Arabist William Bedwell (1561–1632) of the Aceh letter of 1602.
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZPeacock, Andrew Charles SpencerThis article examines three Arabic documents, one from the Sultanate of Samudera-Pasai dated 1516, and two from the Sultanate of Aceh, dated 1602 and 1603, written in the name of Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah (r.1589–1604). The Samudera-Pasai document represents the earliest surviving manuscript in the Arabic script from Southeast Asia, while the second and third letters are some of the earliest documents that have come down to us from the Aceh sultanate. Despite their historical importance, these documents have not previously been adequately published. This article presents an analysis from a diplomatic, stylistic and philological point of view, comparing them with Malay and Middle Eastern epistolary traditions and examining the significance of the use of Arabic. It also considers the light they shed on diplomatic practice in early modern North Sumatra. An edition and modern English translation of the documents are presented in an appendix, along with a contemporary Portuguese translation of the Pasai letter and the translation by the English Arabist William Bedwell (1561–1632) of the Aceh letter of 1602.City government and the state in eighteenth century South CarolinaHart, Emmahttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/118352018-01-24T15:30:08Z2017-03-01T00:00:00Z2017-03-01T00:00:00ZHart, EmmaThe idea of a Kosovan language in Yugoslavia's language politicsKamusella, Tomaszhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/118042018-01-07T03:51:17Z2016-11-01T00:00:00ZNot only are nations invented (imagined) into and out of existence, but languages and states are as well. Decisions on how to construct, change or obliterate a language are essentially arbitrary, and as such dictated by political considerations. The entailed language of politics (often accompanied by the closely related politics of script) is of more immediate significance in Central Europe than elsewhere in the world, because in this region language is the sole and fundamental basis for creating, legitimating and maintaining nations and their nation-states. Since 1918, the creation and destruction of ethnolinguistic nation-states in Central Europe has been followed (or even preceded) by the creation and destruction of languages so that a unique language could be fitted to each nation and its national polity. This article focuses on the politics of the Albanian language in Yugoslavia's Autonomous Province of Kosovo and in independent Kosovo with an eye to answering two questions at the level of language politics. First, what was the kind of Albanian standard employed in Kosovo before the 1968/1970/1974 acceptance of Albania's Tosk-based standard Albanian in Yugoslavia? Second, why is Kosovo the sole post-Yugoslav nation-state that has not (yet?) been endowed with its own unique (Kosovan) language?
2016-11-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, TomaszNot only are nations invented (imagined) into and out of existence, but languages and states are as well. Decisions on how to construct, change or obliterate a language are essentially arbitrary, and as such dictated by political considerations. The entailed language of politics (often accompanied by the closely related politics of script) is of more immediate significance in Central Europe than elsewhere in the world, because in this region language is the sole and fundamental basis for creating, legitimating and maintaining nations and their nation-states. Since 1918, the creation and destruction of ethnolinguistic nation-states in Central Europe has been followed (or even preceded) by the creation and destruction of languages so that a unique language could be fitted to each nation and its national polity. This article focuses on the politics of the Albanian language in Yugoslavia's Autonomous Province of Kosovo and in independent Kosovo with an eye to answering two questions at the level of language politics. First, what was the kind of Albanian standard employed in Kosovo before the 1968/1970/1974 acceptance of Albania's Tosk-based standard Albanian in Yugoslavia? Second, why is Kosovo the sole post-Yugoslav nation-state that has not (yet?) been endowed with its own unique (Kosovan) language?The ethics of war up to Thomas AquinasCox, Roryhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/117762018-03-31T23:41:46Z2015-10-01T00:00:00ZThis chapter explores major developments in concepts of justified warfare and norms of military conduct over nearly 2,000 years. From at least the first millennium BC, ideas about the justice of war and customary norms regulating combat were developed by Western societies. Throughout the ancient and medieval worlds, war was subjected to varying degrees of ethical analysis, as well as being influenced by social pragmatism. Examining a variety of evidence, this chapter argues that the two branches of just war doctrine, jus ad bellum and jus in bello, developed hand-in-hand and should be seen as an integrated whole. This intermingling of jus ad bellum and jus in bello concerns produced a sophisticated and complex body of ethical thought about war—embodied in the systematic analysis of medieval canon lawyers and theologians—and ultimately provided the essential building blocks for modern just war doctrine.
2015-10-01T00:00:00ZCox, RoryThis chapter explores major developments in concepts of justified warfare and norms of military conduct over nearly 2,000 years. From at least the first millennium BC, ideas about the justice of war and customary norms regulating combat were developed by Western societies. Throughout the ancient and medieval worlds, war was subjected to varying degrees of ethical analysis, as well as being influenced by social pragmatism. Examining a variety of evidence, this chapter argues that the two branches of just war doctrine, jus ad bellum and jus in bello, developed hand-in-hand and should be seen as an integrated whole. This intermingling of jus ad bellum and jus in bello concerns produced a sophisticated and complex body of ethical thought about war—embodied in the systematic analysis of medieval canon lawyers and theologians—and ultimately provided the essential building blocks for modern just war doctrine.“Naturally cut out…for unlawful trade" : economic culture and the enforcement of the 1698 Navigation Act in the mainland coloniesHart, Emmahttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/117502018-03-31T23:42:18Z2015-03-15T00:00:00Z2015-03-15T00:00:00ZHart, EmmaCommunity rescue : saving sites from the seaDawson, Tomhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/117212018-03-31T23:35:44Z2016-06-20T00:00:00ZMembers of local communities can play a crucial role in the management and rescue of information from sites that are threatened with destruction. Using examples from pioneering work in Scotland, this paper discusses a very real and necessary contribution, without which much archaeological evidence would have been lost, unrecorded. Through such projects as Shorewatch and SCHARP (Scotland’s Coastal Heritage at Risk Project), individuals and community groups have located and recorded sites; selected locally-valued places for further work; undertaken community rescue excavations; and worked on interpretive material to inform a wider audience. In some cases, groups have even moved sites in order to save them from the sea.
2016-06-20T00:00:00ZDawson, TomMembers of local communities can play a crucial role in the management and rescue of information from sites that are threatened with destruction. Using examples from pioneering work in Scotland, this paper discusses a very real and necessary contribution, without which much archaeological evidence would have been lost, unrecorded. Through such projects as Shorewatch and SCHARP (Scotland’s Coastal Heritage at Risk Project), individuals and community groups have located and recorded sites; selected locally-valued places for further work; undertaken community rescue excavations; and worked on interpretive material to inform a wider audience. In some cases, groups have even moved sites in order to save them from the sea.The political expediency of language-making in Central Europe : the case of CzechoslovakKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/116732018-04-14T23:33:49Z2007-01-01T00:00:00Z2007-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikPublisering, penger og prestisje. Historien om hvordan akademisk publisering ble kommersialisertRostvik, Camilla Morkhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/116602018-05-12T23:33:22Z2017-09-01T00:00:00ZKommersielle forlag tjener store penger på et stadig større publiseringspress i akademia. Hvordan ble det sånn, og kan vi gjøre noe med det? Et dypdykk i historien til Philosophical Transactions, ett av verdens eldste akademiske tidsskrift, kan gi oss noen svar.
2017-09-01T00:00:00ZRostvik, Camilla MorkKommersielle forlag tjener store penger på et stadig større publiseringspress i akademia. Hvordan ble det sånn, og kan vi gjøre noe med det? Et dypdykk i historien til Philosophical Transactions, ett av verdens eldste akademiske tidsskrift, kan gi oss noen svar.'Mod movement in Quality Street clothes' : British popular music and pantomime, 1955-1975Mitchell, Gillian A. M.http://hdl.handle.net/10023/115522018-01-30T12:30:12Z2017-08-01T00:00:00ZFrom the late 1950s onwards, young rock ‘n’ roll musicians and popular singers were introduced into commercial Christmas pantomime productions. While this practice, which constituted an extension of their involvement in the broader sphere of variety theatre, has been previously noted, it is seldom accorded much sustained attention. In this article Gillian Mitchell explores the impact which such performers made upon pantomime, while observing the ways in which involvement in pantomime productions affected their careers and aspirations. ‘Pop stars’ brought much-needed revenue to struggling theatres, and, while their presence onstage alongside experienced pantomime performers sometimes attracted criticism, they also contributed in many ways to a reinvigoration of the medium, whether by offering fresh scope for topical gags, or by giving ambitious producers the chance to more more experimental types of production. The article also questions the notion that, by the late 1960s, pantomime had become a ‘last refuge’ for those popular musicians who were apparently unable to maintain a foothold in the increasingly ‘serious’ world of rock music.
2017-08-01T00:00:00ZMitchell, Gillian A. M.From the late 1950s onwards, young rock ‘n’ roll musicians and popular singers were introduced into commercial Christmas pantomime productions. While this practice, which constituted an extension of their involvement in the broader sphere of variety theatre, has been previously noted, it is seldom accorded much sustained attention. In this article Gillian Mitchell explores the impact which such performers made upon pantomime, while observing the ways in which involvement in pantomime productions affected their careers and aspirations. ‘Pop stars’ brought much-needed revenue to struggling theatres, and, while their presence onstage alongside experienced pantomime performers sometimes attracted criticism, they also contributed in many ways to a reinvigoration of the medium, whether by offering fresh scope for topical gags, or by giving ambitious producers the chance to more more experimental types of production. The article also questions the notion that, by the late 1960s, pantomime had become a ‘last refuge’ for those popular musicians who were apparently unable to maintain a foothold in the increasingly ‘serious’ world of rock music.Narody w koronie rzeczywistości społecznej widziane z perspektywy językaKamusella, Tomaszhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/114972018-03-18T00:32:57Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZIn the last century and a half scholars from different disciplines began to distinguish between material reality (the universe), the biosphere, and social reality (the semiosphere), as three important heuristic categories. In the latter half of the 20th century, the philosophers John L. Austin and John Searle proposed that language and its use enable humans to generate social reality. They also analyzed the mechanisms of the process. From another perspective, the evolutionary anthropologist Robin Dunbar offered an explanation of how language was selected in the process of human evolution, and argued that its primary function is group-building, that is, the generation of social cohesion. Drawing on these insights, the article proposes that the dilemma of whether nations exist objectively or are subjective entities can be resolved by analyzing this problem in the light of Searle’s distinction between ontological objectivity / subjectivity and epistemic objectivity / subjectivity.
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, TomaszIn the last century and a half scholars from different disciplines began to distinguish between material reality (the universe), the biosphere, and social reality (the semiosphere), as three important heuristic categories. In the latter half of the 20th century, the philosophers John L. Austin and John Searle proposed that language and its use enable humans to generate social reality. They also analyzed the mechanisms of the process. From another perspective, the evolutionary anthropologist Robin Dunbar offered an explanation of how language was selected in the process of human evolution, and argued that its primary function is group-building, that is, the generation of social cohesion. Drawing on these insights, the article proposes that the dilemma of whether nations exist objectively or are subjective entities can be resolved by analyzing this problem in the light of Searle’s distinction between ontological objectivity / subjectivity and epistemic objectivity / subjectivity.„Musisz być albo Niemcem albo Polakiem” : polityka ennacjonalizacji a retoryka wielokulturowości na Górnym Śląsku po roku 1989Kamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/114952018-04-07T23:35:01Z1999-01-01T00:00:00Z1999-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikThe rise and dynamics of the normative isomorphism of language, nation, and state in Central EuropeKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/113062018-04-07T23:36:15Z2017-07-01T00:00:00Z2017-07-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikGender in modern Greek historiographyPapadogiannis, Nikolaoshttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/112982018-01-30T12:30:05Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZThis article analyses the emergence and development of the study of gender in modern Greek historiography in the broader sense, exploring works that incorporate, even to an extent, the factor of gender. It shows that despite the manifold barriers that gender historians have faced, there is a slow but steady process of diffusion of gender in modern Greek historiography in general. The article also shows that historical research on gender relations in Greece initially focused on the study of women, historicising, however, their relations with men. Thus, in line with what Kantsa and Papataxiarchis argue about relevant scholarship at the international level, no linear transition from the study of women to the examination of gender relations occurred in modern Greek historiography. What has transpired, however, in the last two decades is that relevant historiography has gradually broadened to encompass a more systematic analysis of the (re)making of masculinities. It has also been enriched by the study of the intersection of gender and age as well as of transnational flows and their impact on gender, tendencies somewhat neglected in other reviews of the study of gender in Greek historiography.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZPapadogiannis, NikolaosThis article analyses the emergence and development of the study of gender in modern Greek historiography in the broader sense, exploring works that incorporate, even to an extent, the factor of gender. It shows that despite the manifold barriers that gender historians have faced, there is a slow but steady process of diffusion of gender in modern Greek historiography in general. The article also shows that historical research on gender relations in Greece initially focused on the study of women, historicising, however, their relations with men. Thus, in line with what Kantsa and Papataxiarchis argue about relevant scholarship at the international level, no linear transition from the study of women to the examination of gender relations occurred in modern Greek historiography. What has transpired, however, in the last two decades is that relevant historiography has gradually broadened to encompass a more systematic analysis of the (re)making of masculinities. It has also been enriched by the study of the intersection of gender and age as well as of transnational flows and their impact on gender, tendencies somewhat neglected in other reviews of the study of gender in Greek historiography.Political travel across the ‘Iron Curtain’ and Communist youth identities in West Germany and Greece in the 1970s and 1980sPapadogiannis, Nikolaoshttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/112652018-01-07T03:35:08Z2016-01-22T00:00:00ZThis article explores tours through the Iron Curtain arranged by West German and Greek pro-Soviet Communist youth groups, in an attempt to shed light on the transformation of European youth cultures beyond the ‘Americanisation’ story. It argues that the concept of the ‘black box’, employed by Rob Kroes to describe the influence of American cultural patterns on Western European youth, also applies to the reception of Eastern Bloc policies and norms by the Communists under study. Such selective reception was part of these groups’ efforts to devise a modernity alternative to the ‘capitalist’ one, an alternative modernity which tours across the Iron Curtain would help establish. Nevertheless, the organisers did not wish such travel to help eliminate American/Western influences on youth lifestyles entirely: the article analyses the excursions’ aims with regard to two core components of youth lifestyles in Western Europe since the 1960s, which have been affected by intra-Western flows, the spirit of ‘doing one’s own thing’ and transformations of sexual practices. The article also addresses the experience of the travellers in question, showing that they felt an unresolved tension: the tours neither served as a means of Sovietisation nor as an impulse to develop an openly anti-Soviet stance.
2016-01-22T00:00:00ZPapadogiannis, NikolaosThis article explores tours through the Iron Curtain arranged by West German and Greek pro-Soviet Communist youth groups, in an attempt to shed light on the transformation of European youth cultures beyond the ‘Americanisation’ story. It argues that the concept of the ‘black box’, employed by Rob Kroes to describe the influence of American cultural patterns on Western European youth, also applies to the reception of Eastern Bloc policies and norms by the Communists under study. Such selective reception was part of these groups’ efforts to devise a modernity alternative to the ‘capitalist’ one, an alternative modernity which tours across the Iron Curtain would help establish. Nevertheless, the organisers did not wish such travel to help eliminate American/Western influences on youth lifestyles entirely: the article analyses the excursions’ aims with regard to two core components of youth lifestyles in Western Europe since the 1960s, which have been affected by intra-Western flows, the spirit of ‘doing one’s own thing’ and transformations of sexual practices. The article also addresses the experience of the travellers in question, showing that they felt an unresolved tension: the tours neither served as a means of Sovietisation nor as an impulse to develop an openly anti-Soviet stance.A pre-history of ‘peer review’ : refereeing and editorial selection at the Royal SocietyMoxham, NoahFyfe, Aileenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/94342017-07-19T23:16:01Z2016-08-25T00:00:00ZDespite being coined only in the early 1970s, ‘peer review’ has become a powerful rhetorical concept in modern academic discourse, tasked with ensuring the reliability and reputation of scholarly research. Its origins have commonly been dated to the foundation of the Philosophical Transactions in 1665, or to early learned societies more generally, without much consideration of the intervening historical development. It is clear from our analysis of the Royal Society’s editorial practices from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries, that the function of refereeing, and the social and intellectual meaning associated with scholarly publication, has historically been quite different from the function and meaning now associated with peer review. Refereeing emerged as part of the social practices associated with arranging the meetings and publications of gentlemanly learned societies in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Such societies had particular needs for processes that, at various times, could create collective editorial responsibility, protect the institutional finances, and guard the award of prestige. The mismatch between that context and the world of modern, professional, international science, helps to explain some of the accusations now being levelled against peer review as not being ‘fit for purpose’.
2016-08-25T00:00:00ZMoxham, NoahFyfe, AileenDespite being coined only in the early 1970s, ‘peer review’ has become a powerful rhetorical concept in modern academic discourse, tasked with ensuring the reliability and reputation of scholarly research. Its origins have commonly been dated to the foundation of the Philosophical Transactions in 1665, or to early learned societies more generally, without much consideration of the intervening historical development. It is clear from our analysis of the Royal Society’s editorial practices from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries, that the function of refereeing, and the social and intellectual meaning associated with scholarly publication, has historically been quite different from the function and meaning now associated with peer review. Refereeing emerged as part of the social practices associated with arranging the meetings and publications of gentlemanly learned societies in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Such societies had particular needs for processes that, at various times, could create collective editorial responsibility, protect the institutional finances, and guard the award of prestige. The mismatch between that context and the world of modern, professional, international science, helps to explain some of the accusations now being levelled against peer review as not being ‘fit for purpose’.In search of social contract : Roma in 20th-21st centuriesMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, Veselinhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/112172018-02-25T00:32:52Z2017-05-13T00:00:00ZThe whole history of Roma reflects the constant quest to find a "good place for life." For achieving this goal two possible ways are used consequently or simultaneously. In attempt to secure their well-beings some Roma communities change their place of life and disperse on huge territories throughout the world. Others are creating own organizations and structures in order to negotiate their social position and to conclude social contract defining their place in society with the countries where they live, or in supra- or multinational context. The new realities of United Europe give a new chance to re-negotiate the place of Roma in post-national context. The failure of contemporary European policies towards Roma pose a question if it is possible at all to achieve a Post-national social contract in regard of Roma and if yes, what will be the price for it.
This article is written as a part of the research project ‘RomaInterbellum. Roma Civic Emancipation between the Two World Wars’ which has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 694656).
2017-05-13T00:00:00ZMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, VeselinThe whole history of Roma reflects the constant quest to find a "good place for life." For achieving this goal two possible ways are used consequently or simultaneously. In attempt to secure their well-beings some Roma communities change their place of life and disperse on huge territories throughout the world. Others are creating own organizations and structures in order to negotiate their social position and to conclude social contract defining their place in society with the countries where they live, or in supra- or multinational context. The new realities of United Europe give a new chance to re-negotiate the place of Roma in post-national context. The failure of contemporary European policies towards Roma pose a question if it is possible at all to achieve a Post-national social contract in regard of Roma and if yes, what will be the price for it.Rethinking Roma holocaust : victims or/and victorsMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, Veselinhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/112032018-05-19T23:33:40Z2017-01-01T00:00:00Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, VeselinThe Royal Society and the prehistory of peer review, 1665-1965Moxham, NoahFyfe, Aileenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/111782018-03-18T01:38:15Z2017-11-16T00:00:00ZDespite being coined only in the early 1970s, ‘peer review’ has become a powerful rhetorical concept in modern academic discourse, tasked with ensuring the reliability and reputation of scholarly research. Its origins have commonly been dated to the foundation of the Philosophical Transactions in 1665, or to early learned societies more generally, with little consideration of the intervening historical development. It is clear from our analysis of the Royal Society's editorial practices from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries that the function of refereeing, and the social and intellectual meaning associated with scholarly publication, has historically been quite different from the function and meaning now associated with peer review. Refereeing emerged as part of the social practices associated with arranging the meetings and publications of gentlemanly learned societies in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Such societies had particular needs for processes that, at various times, could create collective editorial responsibility, protect institutional finances, and guard the award of prestige. The mismatch between that context and the world of modern, professional, international science, helps to explain some of the accusations now being levelled against peer review as not being ‘fit for purpose’.
The research for this paper was funded by the Arts & Humanities Research Council, grant AH/K001841/1
2017-11-16T00:00:00ZMoxham, NoahFyfe, AileenDespite being coined only in the early 1970s, ‘peer review’ has become a powerful rhetorical concept in modern academic discourse, tasked with ensuring the reliability and reputation of scholarly research. Its origins have commonly been dated to the foundation of the Philosophical Transactions in 1665, or to early learned societies more generally, with little consideration of the intervening historical development. It is clear from our analysis of the Royal Society's editorial practices from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries that the function of refereeing, and the social and intellectual meaning associated with scholarly publication, has historically been quite different from the function and meaning now associated with peer review. Refereeing emerged as part of the social practices associated with arranging the meetings and publications of gentlemanly learned societies in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Such societies had particular needs for processes that, at various times, could create collective editorial responsibility, protect institutional finances, and guard the award of prestige. The mismatch between that context and the world of modern, professional, international science, helps to explain some of the accusations now being levelled against peer review as not being ‘fit for purpose’.Book-collecting and literature in eighteenth-century BritainAllan, David Williamhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/111302018-03-31T23:37:27Z2015-07-01T00:00:00ZBook collections occupied a central place in eighteenth-century British culture. It is clear that changing economic conditions were making book-ownership progressively more widespread, even though detailed evidence for the collecting habits of individual contemporaries is often difficult to interpret. Some plainly collected on a grand scale; a few devoted themselves to gathering together rare and valuable works; but most owners could afford very few books indeed. Quite often a collection was shaped by professional needs, especially among clergymen, lawyers and medical men, though sheer inquisitiveness and personal interests usually mattered more. Collecting was also constantly affected by more or less explicit guidance from critics, booksellers and other authorities who insisted that the choice of appropriate texts was vital to the welfare of the individual and to the fate of wider society. These influences helped produce an emphasis in many collections on topographical and historical literature and on the English literary canon whose outlines were first being delineated in this period, although the threat of critical disapproval did not actually prevent many individuals from also acquiring modern narrative fiction. All of this probably helps explain the considerable prominence given to book collections and book-collecting as subjects for the eighteenth-century British novel.
2015-07-01T00:00:00ZAllan, David WilliamBook collections occupied a central place in eighteenth-century British culture. It is clear that changing economic conditions were making book-ownership progressively more widespread, even though detailed evidence for the collecting habits of individual contemporaries is often difficult to interpret. Some plainly collected on a grand scale; a few devoted themselves to gathering together rare and valuable works; but most owners could afford very few books indeed. Quite often a collection was shaped by professional needs, especially among clergymen, lawyers and medical men, though sheer inquisitiveness and personal interests usually mattered more. Collecting was also constantly affected by more or less explicit guidance from critics, booksellers and other authorities who insisted that the choice of appropriate texts was vital to the welfare of the individual and to the fate of wider society. These influences helped produce an emphasis in many collections on topographical and historical literature and on the English literary canon whose outlines were first being delineated in this period, although the threat of critical disapproval did not actually prevent many individuals from also acquiring modern narrative fiction. All of this probably helps explain the considerable prominence given to book collections and book-collecting as subjects for the eighteenth-century British novel.Untangling academic publishing : a history of the relationship between commercial interests, academic prestige and the circulation of researchFyfe, AileenCoate, KellyCurry, StephenLawson, StuartMoxham, NoahRostvik, Camilla Morkhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/108842018-02-25T00:33:48Z2017-05-25T00:00:00Z2017-05-25T00:00:00ZFyfe, AileenCoate, KellyCurry, StephenLawson, StuartMoxham, NoahRostvik, Camilla MorkApocalyptic outsiders and their uses in the early medieval WestPalmer, James Trevorhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/106922018-03-31T23:41:30Z2016-05-01T00:00:00Z2016-05-01T00:00:00ZPalmer, James TrevorJęzyk śląski, naród śląski : więcej faktów, mniej mitówKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/105772018-04-02T09:30:09Z2017-01-01T00:00:00Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikAldo, i suoi lettori e il mercato internazionale del libroGraheli, Shantihttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/105412018-05-12T23:34:01Z2017-01-01T00:00:00Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZGraheli, Shanti'Noisy, restless and incoherent' : puerperal insanity at Dundee Lunatic AsylumCampbell, Morag Allanhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/104522018-02-02T11:30:11Z2017-03-01T00:00:00ZPuerperal insanity has been described as a nineteenth-century diagnosis, entrenched in contemporary expectations of proper womanly behaviour. Drawing on detailed study of establishment registers and patient case notes, this paper examines the puerperal insanity diagnosis at Dundee Lunatic Asylum between 1820 and 1860. In particular, the study aims to consider whether the class or social status of the patients had a bearing on how their conditions were perceived and rationalized, and how far the puerperal insanity diagnosis, coloured by the values assigned to it by the medical officers, may have been reserved for some women and not for others. This examination of the diagnosis in a Scottish community, suggesting a contrast in the way that middle-class and working-class women were diagnosed at Dundee, engages with and expands on work on puerperal insanity elsewhere.
This research is supported by the Strathmartine Trust Scottish History Scholarship, St Andrews.
2017-03-01T00:00:00ZCampbell, Morag AllanPuerperal insanity has been described as a nineteenth-century diagnosis, entrenched in contemporary expectations of proper womanly behaviour. Drawing on detailed study of establishment registers and patient case notes, this paper examines the puerperal insanity diagnosis at Dundee Lunatic Asylum between 1820 and 1860. In particular, the study aims to consider whether the class or social status of the patients had a bearing on how their conditions were perceived and rationalized, and how far the puerperal insanity diagnosis, coloured by the values assigned to it by the medical officers, may have been reserved for some women and not for others. This examination of the diagnosis in a Scottish community, suggesting a contrast in the way that middle-class and working-class women were diagnosed at Dundee, engages with and expands on work on puerperal insanity elsewhere.La circolazione libraria lungo la Loira nel Rinascimento: il caso del libro italianoGraheli, Shantihttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/101822018-03-31T23:42:51Z2015-12-01T00:00:00Z2015-12-01T00:00:00ZGraheli, ShantiGypsy guilds (esnafs) on the BalkansMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, Veselinhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/101792018-03-04T00:33:33Z2016-11-20T00:00:00ZUnlike Central and Western Europe, where the access of Gypsies to the professional guilds of the local population was denied for centuries, in the conditions of Ottoman Empire the participation in guilds of Gypsies, who were full-fledged subjects of the Empire, was perceived as something completely acceptable and normal. Formally the Ottoman Empire regulated legally the activities of the guilds only in 1773, the historical data shows that many Gypsies living in Constantinople/Istanbul, were members of different guilds already in previous centuries. Although the guilds in principle should not be detached ethnically, in the 19th c., along with the development of national movements among the Balkan nations, a process of separation of guilds along ethnic lines started. In the general context of these processes at the end of the 19th c. were already registered separate Gypsy guilds in the Ottoman Empire, and later in the new independent Balkan states too. The article introduces three flags of Gypsy craftsmen gilds (blacksmith in Prizren and Resen, and potters in Kyustendil), preserved until now. The history of the Gypsy guilds is reconstructed primarily on base of materials from oral history of Gypsy (Roma and Balkan Egyptians) communities. It is show the place of the guild’s flags in the overall life of the respective communities and their use in various calendar and family celebrations, customs and rituals, including nowadays, and presented also the development of some of the traditions of Gypsy guilds for regulation of relations in the local Gypsy communities. During the last two decades the historical heritage of the Gypsy guilds acquires again new forms and functions. Festivities themselves and used flags are seen already not only and not so much as an event connected to given occupation but as an expression of preservation and demonstration of community traditions, as a manifestation of the ethnic identity (Roma and Balkan Egyptians).
2016-11-20T00:00:00ZMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, VeselinUnlike Central and Western Europe, where the access of Gypsies to the professional guilds of the local population was denied for centuries, in the conditions of Ottoman Empire the participation in guilds of Gypsies, who were full-fledged subjects of the Empire, was perceived as something completely acceptable and normal. Formally the Ottoman Empire regulated legally the activities of the guilds only in 1773, the historical data shows that many Gypsies living in Constantinople/Istanbul, were members of different guilds already in previous centuries. Although the guilds in principle should not be detached ethnically, in the 19th c., along with the development of national movements among the Balkan nations, a process of separation of guilds along ethnic lines started. In the general context of these processes at the end of the 19th c. were already registered separate Gypsy guilds in the Ottoman Empire, and later in the new independent Balkan states too. The article introduces three flags of Gypsy craftsmen gilds (blacksmith in Prizren and Resen, and potters in Kyustendil), preserved until now. The history of the Gypsy guilds is reconstructed primarily on base of materials from oral history of Gypsy (Roma and Balkan Egyptians) communities. It is show the place of the guild’s flags in the overall life of the respective communities and their use in various calendar and family celebrations, customs and rituals, including nowadays, and presented also the development of some of the traditions of Gypsy guilds for regulation of relations in the local Gypsy communities. During the last two decades the historical heritage of the Gypsy guilds acquires again new forms and functions. Festivities themselves and used flags are seen already not only and not so much as an event connected to given occupation but as an expression of preservation and demonstration of community traditions, as a manifestation of the ethnic identity (Roma and Balkan Egyptians).The steps to prioritizing and undertaking action at sites threatened by climate change : incorporating a citizen science approach into heritage management in ScotlandDawson, Thomas Christopherhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/100742018-04-14T23:34:25Z2016-01-01T00:00:00Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZDawson, Thomas Christopher(o)Polski nacjonalizm : brak poszanowania w RP dla współobywateli NiemcówKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/99862018-03-18T00:32:47Z2016-12-15T00:00:00Z(o)Polski nacjonalizm - brak poszanowania w RP dla współobywateli Niemców Polish Nationalism in the City of Opole: No Respect for Polish Citizens of German Origin]. 2016. Studio Opinii. 15 Dec. http://studioopinii.pl/tomasz-kamusella-opolski-nacjonalizm-brak-poszanowania-w-rp-dla-wspolobywateli-niemcow/.
2016-12-15T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz Dominik(o)Polski nacjonalizm - brak poszanowania w RP dla współobywateli Niemców Polish Nationalism in the City of Opole: No Respect for Polish Citizens of German Origin]. 2016. Studio Opinii. 15 Dec. http://studioopinii.pl/tomasz-kamusella-opolski-nacjonalizm-brak-poszanowania-w-rp-dla-wspolobywateli-niemcow/.Letter from ‘one Egyptian’ : first historical evidence of aspirations for civil emancipationMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, Veselinhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/99742018-03-04T00:33:32Z2016-11-26T00:00:00ZIn 1867 in the Bulgarian newspaper “Macedonia”, printed in Istanbul, was published a reader's letter, signed with the pseudonym “one Egyptian”. At that time, on the Balkans the name "Egyptians" (Γυφτοι, Egyuptsi, Gyupti, etc. in the various Balkan languages) designated a community whose official name in Ottoman-Turkish was Kıptı or Çingene, and whose descendants today self-determine as Roma or Balkan Egyptians. This letter can be understood in the context of ongoing processes of national emancipation of the Balkan peoples, especially in the context of the struggles of the Bulgarian church community for exiting the Orthodox Christian Patriarchate, which was dominated by the Greek clergy. “One Egyptian” in his letter protests against the stereotypes about the “Egyptians”, which are reflected in the practice of the Orthodox Church, and advocates for the creation of “own” church, “own” language, “own” clergy and in perspective the creation of “own” education and “own society” (i.e. own country). In the proposed presentation will be analyzed the content of this Letter in general social and political context of the time and will be explained its main visionary ideas about the future of the communities that still live in the Balkans and identify themselves respectively as Roma or Balkan Egyptians. Along with this will be revealed the identity of the writer of the letter and his biography. The communities which are heirs of “one Egyptian” living today in his native town of Prilep (now in the Republic of Macedonia) and their historical consciousness will be presented as well.
This presentation is part of the research project “RomaInterbellum. Roma Civic Emancipation between the Two World Wars” that has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 694656).
2016-11-26T00:00:00ZMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, VeselinIn 1867 in the Bulgarian newspaper “Macedonia”, printed in Istanbul, was published a reader's letter, signed with the pseudonym “one Egyptian”. At that time, on the Balkans the name "Egyptians" (Γυφτοι, Egyuptsi, Gyupti, etc. in the various Balkan languages) designated a community whose official name in Ottoman-Turkish was Kıptı or Çingene, and whose descendants today self-determine as Roma or Balkan Egyptians. This letter can be understood in the context of ongoing processes of national emancipation of the Balkan peoples, especially in the context of the struggles of the Bulgarian church community for exiting the Orthodox Christian Patriarchate, which was dominated by the Greek clergy. “One Egyptian” in his letter protests against the stereotypes about the “Egyptians”, which are reflected in the practice of the Orthodox Church, and advocates for the creation of “own” church, “own” language, “own” clergy and in perspective the creation of “own” education and “own society” (i.e. own country). In the proposed presentation will be analyzed the content of this Letter in general social and political context of the time and will be explained its main visionary ideas about the future of the communities that still live in the Balkans and identify themselves respectively as Roma or Balkan Egyptians. Along with this will be revealed the identity of the writer of the letter and his biography. The communities which are heirs of “one Egyptian” living today in his native town of Prilep (now in the Republic of Macedonia) and their historical consciousness will be presented as well.Albania: a denial of the Ottoman past : (School textbooks and politics of memory)Kamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/99402018-03-11T00:33:04Z2016-12-05T00:00:00ZIn post-communist Albania’s schools, alongside regular textbooks of history for teaching the subject, school atlases of history are also employed as a prescribed or adjunct textbook. In the stories and facts related through texts and maps, the Ottoman past is curiously warped and marginalized. As a result, the average Albanian is left incapable of explaining why Albania is a predominantly Muslim polity, but with a considerable degree of tolerant poly-confessionalism. Furthermore, school history education in Albania propagates the unreflective anti-Ottoman feeling encapsulated by the stereotypes of ‘Turkish yoke’ or ‘the five centuries of Turkish occupation.’ This simplistic anti-Ottomanism of Albanian culture and public discourse is strangely at variance with the Muslim and polyconfessional character of Albania.
2016-12-05T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikIn post-communist Albania’s schools, alongside regular textbooks of history for teaching the subject, school atlases of history are also employed as a prescribed or adjunct textbook. In the stories and facts related through texts and maps, the Ottoman past is curiously warped and marginalized. As a result, the average Albanian is left incapable of explaining why Albania is a predominantly Muslim polity, but with a considerable degree of tolerant poly-confessionalism. Furthermore, school history education in Albania propagates the unreflective anti-Ottoman feeling encapsulated by the stereotypes of ‘Turkish yoke’ or ‘the five centuries of Turkish occupation.’ This simplistic anti-Ottomanism of Albanian culture and public discourse is strangely at variance with the Muslim and polyconfessional character of Albania.ВАЛЕРИЙ САНАРОВ – ЖИЗНЬ, ТВОРЧЕСТВО, ЛЕГЕНДЫMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, Veselinhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/99392018-03-11T00:33:04Z2016-12-03T00:00:00ZThe article presents the life and scientific work of V. I. Sanarov, scholar in the field of Gypsy studies, who actively worked in the 1960s and 1970s. This was a difficult period in the development of Gypsy studies in Russia and Eastern Europe. After publishing several articles in Russian and international journals, he married a Gypsy woman and suddenly disappeared from the sight of colleagues. Based on the personal correspondence, the memories of colleagues, Internet and other sources, the authors examine the main stages of V. I. Sanarov’s unusual biography and creation.
2016-12-03T00:00:00ZMarushiakova-Popova, Elena AndreevnaPopov, VeselinThe article presents the life and scientific work of V. I. Sanarov, scholar in the field of Gypsy studies, who actively worked in the 1960s and 1970s. This was a difficult period in the development of Gypsy studies in Russia and Eastern Europe. After publishing several articles in Russian and international journals, he married a Gypsy woman and suddenly disappeared from the sight of colleagues. Based on the personal correspondence, the memories of colleagues, Internet and other sources, the authors examine the main stages of V. I. Sanarov’s unusual biography and creation.Dobra zmiana. Jak niewiele dzieli PiS od opozycjiKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/96352018-04-14T23:33:26Z2016-10-09T00:00:00ZTomasz Kamusella. 2016. Dobra zmiana. Jak niewiele dzieli PiS od opozycji [Ethnolinguistic Nationalism as the Shared Ideological Basis of Poland’s Governing Party {PiS} and the Opposition] . Studio Opinii. 9 Oct. http://studioopinii.pl/tomasz-kamusella-dobra-zmiana-jak-niewiele-dzieli-pis-od-opozycji/
2016-10-09T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikTomasz Kamusella. 2016. Dobra zmiana. Jak niewiele dzieli PiS od opozycji [Ethnolinguistic Nationalism as the Shared Ideological Basis of Poland’s Governing Party {PiS} and the Opposition] . Studio Opinii. 9 Oct. http://studioopinii.pl/tomasz-kamusella-dobra-zmiana-jak-niewiele-dzieli-pis-od-opozycji/'Contests of vital importance' : by-elections, the Labour Party, and the reshaping of British radicalism, 1924-1929Petrie, Malcolm Roberthttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/96152018-04-01T01:32:02Z2017-03-01T00:00:00ZVia an examination of the Labour party's approach to by-election campaigning in Scotland between the fall of the first Labour administration in October 1924 and the party's return to office in May 1929, this article explores the changing horizons of British radicalism in an era of mass democracy. While traditional depictions of interwar politics as a two-party contest in which political allegiances were shaped primarily by social class have increasingly been questioned, accounts of Labour politics in this period have focused chiefly on national responses to the challenges posed by the expanded franchise. In contrast, this article considers local experiences, as provincial participation and autonomy, particularly in candidate selection and electioneering, came to be viewed as an impediment to wider electoral success, and political debate coalesced around attempts to speak for a political nation that was, as the focus on Scotland reveals, indisputably British. Often portrayed as evidence of ideological divisions, such internal quarrels had crucial spatial features, and reflected a conflict between two models of political identity and participation: one oppositional in outlook, local in loyalty, and rooted in the radical tradition, the other focused upon electoral concerns and Labour's national standing.
2017-03-01T00:00:00ZPetrie, Malcolm RobertVia an examination of the Labour party's approach to by-election campaigning in Scotland between the fall of the first Labour administration in October 1924 and the party's return to office in May 1929, this article explores the changing horizons of British radicalism in an era of mass democracy. While traditional depictions of interwar politics as a two-party contest in which political allegiances were shaped primarily by social class have increasingly been questioned, accounts of Labour politics in this period have focused chiefly on national responses to the challenges posed by the expanded franchise. In contrast, this article considers local experiences, as provincial participation and autonomy, particularly in candidate selection and electioneering, came to be viewed as an impediment to wider electoral success, and political debate coalesced around attempts to speak for a political nation that was, as the focus on Scotland reveals, indisputably British. Often portrayed as evidence of ideological divisions, such internal quarrels had crucial spatial features, and reflected a conflict between two models of political identity and participation: one oppositional in outlook, local in loyalty, and rooted in the radical tradition, the other focused upon electoral concerns and Labour's national standing.Reframing the Mongols in 1260 : the Armenians, the Mongols and the MagiStewart, Angushttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/95762018-01-08T15:30:04Z2018-01-01T00:00:00ZThe irruption of the Mongols led to profound changes in the political, cultural and confessional climate of the thirteenth-century Near East. While many did not survive the initial onslaught and the years of turmoil that followed, and rulers that opposed the Mongols were largely swept away, the communities and dynasties that remained were forced to seek some sort of accommodation with the new overlords. While subjection to the Mongol yoke was far from desirable, rulers could seek to make the best of the situation, in the hope that the ambitions of the Mongols might come to match their own, or that the Mongols might be persuaded to support their cause. This paper will consider how certain Christian groups in the Near East sought to reconcile themselves to the Mongol presence, and how they sought to place these alien invaders within a more familiar framework. In particular it will examine the visual evidence for this process by looking at a couple of appearances of recognisably Mongol figures within Christian artwork, dating from the time of the second major Mongol invasion of the region, led by the Ilkhan Hülegü, which by 1260 had extended Mongol power into Syria and to the borders of Egypt.
2018-01-01T00:00:00ZStewart, AngusThe irruption of the Mongols led to profound changes in the political, cultural and confessional climate of the thirteenth-century Near East. While many did not survive the initial onslaught and the years of turmoil that followed, and rulers that opposed the Mongols were largely swept away, the communities and dynasties that remained were forced to seek some sort of accommodation with the new overlords. While subjection to the Mongol yoke was far from desirable, rulers could seek to make the best of the situation, in the hope that the ambitions of the Mongols might come to match their own, or that the Mongols might be persuaded to support their cause. This paper will consider how certain Christian groups in the Near East sought to reconcile themselves to the Mongol presence, and how they sought to place these alien invaders within a more familiar framework. In particular it will examine the visual evidence for this process by looking at a couple of appearances of recognisably Mongol figures within Christian artwork, dating from the time of the second major Mongol invasion of the region, led by the Ilkhan Hülegü, which by 1260 had extended Mongol power into Syria and to the borders of Egypt.The song of the death of Somerled and the destruction of Glasgow in 1153Woolf, Alexander Douglashttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/95402018-03-25T00:32:53Z2013-01-01T00:00:00Z2013-01-01T00:00:00ZWoolf, Alexander DouglasMaking public ahead of print: meetings and publications at the Royal Society, 1752-1892Fyfe, Aileen KennedyMoxham, Noah Josephhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/94672018-01-07T03:44:26Z2016-12-20T00:00:00ZThis essay examines the interplay between the meetings and publications of learned scientific societies during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when journals were an established but not yet dominant form of scholarly communication. The practice of ‘making public’ research at meetings, long before actual ‘publication’ in society periodicals, enabled a complex of more-or-less formal sites of communication and discussion ahead of print. Using two case studies from the Royal Society of London – Jan Ingen-Housz in 1782 and John Tyndall in 1857/8 – we reveal how different individuals navigated and exploited the power structures, social activities and seasonal rhythms of learned societies, all necessary precursors to gaining admission to the editorial processes of society journals, and trace the shifting significance of meetings in the increasingly competitive and diverse realm of Victorian scientific publishing. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of these historical perspectives for current discussions of the ‘ends’ of the scientific journal.
2016-12-20T00:00:00ZFyfe, Aileen KennedyMoxham, Noah JosephThis essay examines the interplay between the meetings and publications of learned scientific societies during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when journals were an established but not yet dominant form of scholarly communication. The practice of ‘making public’ research at meetings, long before actual ‘publication’ in society periodicals, enabled a complex of more-or-less formal sites of communication and discussion ahead of print. Using two case studies from the Royal Society of London – Jan Ingen-Housz in 1782 and John Tyndall in 1857/8 – we reveal how different individuals navigated and exploited the power structures, social activities and seasonal rhythms of learned societies, all necessary precursors to gaining admission to the editorial processes of society journals, and trace the shifting significance of meetings in the increasingly competitive and diverse realm of Victorian scientific publishing. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of these historical perspectives for current discussions of the ‘ends’ of the scientific journal.Magna CartaHolt, Jameshttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/94442018-04-02T14:30:24Z2015-05-01T00:00:00Z3rd edition of classic work, with new introduction and additional material
2015-05-01T00:00:00ZHolt, James3rd edition of classic work, with new introduction and additional materialCreating languages in Central Europe: a longue durée perspectiveKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/94402018-04-28T23:34:01Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZLanguages are made into discrete entities, as we know them nowadays, from the ‘mass of the continuous linguistic’ by the technology of writing in the service of power centers, usually state capitals. All the choices made on the way – planned or not – amount to standardization (homogenization, or doing away with territorial and social particularities and inconsistences), which intensifies the bigger a percentage of population are literate. Long lasting extant states and religion decidedly shaped the constellation of written languages across (Central) Europe. This constellation, having emerged in the 10th-11th centuries was dramatically remade during the religious wars with the emergence of printing, from the 15th-17th centuries, heralding a growing correlation between vernaculars and written languages, first in Catholic and Protestant Europe, during the 18th-19th centuries in Orthodox Europe, and only in the 20th century in Islamic Europe. The last century also saw the implementation of the political principle of ethnolinguistic nationalism – especially in Central Europe – which claims that the nation-state is legitimate only if it is monolingual and monoscriptural, and does not share its official language with another polity.
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikLanguages are made into discrete entities, as we know them nowadays, from the ‘mass of the continuous linguistic’ by the technology of writing in the service of power centers, usually state capitals. All the choices made on the way – planned or not – amount to standardization (homogenization, or doing away with territorial and social particularities and inconsistences), which intensifies the bigger a percentage of population are literate. Long lasting extant states and religion decidedly shaped the constellation of written languages across (Central) Europe. This constellation, having emerged in the 10th-11th centuries was dramatically remade during the religious wars with the emergence of printing, from the 15th-17th centuries, heralding a growing correlation between vernaculars and written languages, first in Catholic and Protestant Europe, during the 18th-19th centuries in Orthodox Europe, and only in the 20th century in Islamic Europe. The last century also saw the implementation of the political principle of ethnolinguistic nationalism – especially in Central Europe – which claims that the nation-state is legitimate only if it is monolingual and monoscriptural, and does not share its official language with another polity.Are Central Europe, and East and Southeast Asia alike? The normative isomorphism of language, nation and stateKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/94392018-04-28T23:34:00Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZFollowing the Great War, ethnolinguistic nationalism became the basis of nation-state building and statehood legitimation in Central Europe. According to this paradigm, for the nation-state to be legitimate, it must house a single nation only, defined through its unique language that also serves as this polity’s sole national and official language. The language cannot be shared with any other states, and no additional languages can be employed in official capacity on the nation-state’s territory. Initially, I thought that this unique normative isomorphism of language, nation, and state was specific exclusively to Central Europe. But scanning the language policies of today’s extant states, I discovered that another cluster of ‘isomorphic polities’ exists in East and Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam). This raises an interesting question of whether it is a local development, or maybe a transfer of ideas took place in this respect between (Central) Europe and this region.
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikFollowing the Great War, ethnolinguistic nationalism became the basis of nation-state building and statehood legitimation in Central Europe. According to this paradigm, for the nation-state to be legitimate, it must house a single nation only, defined through its unique language that also serves as this polity’s sole national and official language. The language cannot be shared with any other states, and no additional languages can be employed in official capacity on the nation-state’s territory. Initially, I thought that this unique normative isomorphism of language, nation, and state was specific exclusively to Central Europe. But scanning the language policies of today’s extant states, I discovered that another cluster of ‘isomorphic polities’ exists in East and Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam). This raises an interesting question of whether it is a local development, or maybe a transfer of ideas took place in this respect between (Central) Europe and this region.Das Trauma von “1968”: Liberale Hochschullehrer in Westdeutschland und FrankreichBavaj, Riccardohttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/94102018-03-31T23:33:09Z2009-01-01T00:00:00ZThis contribution sheds light on the reaction of liberal university teachers to the students’ revolt of “1968”. For university professors such as Ernst Fraenkel and Richard Löwenthal “1968” was a traumatic experience : an experience of extreme emotional intensity which overtaxed their possibilities to cope with it and lastingly shook the way in which they understood themselves. By “1968” they saw their mission of a consensus - liberal democratization of West Germany seriously endangered. Again, the “shadows of Weimar” seemed to threaten the Federal Republic. For them, “1968” was the most recent chapter of the apparent medical history of an anti - Western German special path. Beyond the Rhine, where in 1968 the fights on the barricades were raging, Raymond Aron tried to cope with the shocking “events” by interpreting them as a theatrical re - staging of the February Revolution of 1848. However, also this way of national - historic narrativization was hardly able to alleviate the traumatic effect of “1968”.
2009-01-01T00:00:00ZBavaj, RiccardoThis contribution sheds light on the reaction of liberal university teachers to the students’ revolt of “1968”. For university professors such as Ernst Fraenkel and Richard Löwenthal “1968” was a traumatic experience : an experience of extreme emotional intensity which overtaxed their possibilities to cope with it and lastingly shook the way in which they understood themselves. By “1968” they saw their mission of a consensus - liberal democratization of West Germany seriously endangered. Again, the “shadows of Weimar” seemed to threaten the Federal Republic. For them, “1968” was the most recent chapter of the apparent medical history of an anti - Western German special path. Beyond the Rhine, where in 1968 the fights on the barricades were raging, Raymond Aron tried to cope with the shocking “events” by interpreting them as a theatrical re - staging of the February Revolution of 1848. However, also this way of national - historic narrativization was hardly able to alleviate the traumatic effect of “1968”.Cultural translations and glocal dynamics between Italy and the Low Countries during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuryGrootveld, EmmaLamal, Ninahttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/93822018-05-12T23:32:55Z2015-12-18T00:00:00ZThis paper serves as an introduction to the thematic section of the number of meetings 2015-2, dedicated to cultural exchanges between Italy and the Netherlands in the Sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The article therefore provides an overview of where the cases analyzed in the individual contributions are contextualized and connected to each other in the light of the chronological development of trade. It follows from all of the studies show a wide variety of connections between Italy and the Netherlands, motivated by literary and artistic reasons, but also political, economic, religious. A privileged role in trade is reserved to brokers, who actively participate in the transnational process of transfer and adaptation, or translation, of cultural elements. The membership of a particular social group, religious or professional is crucial factor in the activities of these mediators. Stands out, besides, the local perspective on which the contacts between Italy and the Netherlands s'imperniano: Florentines, Genoese, Roman, as well as the citizens of the southern and northern Netherlands, acted with divergent interests that depended on their target communities , and that conditioned their perception of others. In this sense, the exchanges reflect not only the geographical expansion of the interests and social networks into modernity, but also their local packaging.
2015-12-18T00:00:00ZGrootveld, EmmaLamal, NinaThis paper serves as an introduction to the thematic section of the number of meetings 2015-2, dedicated to cultural exchanges between Italy and the Netherlands in the Sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The article therefore provides an overview of where the cases analyzed in the individual contributions are contextualized and connected to each other in the light of the chronological development of trade. It follows from all of the studies show a wide variety of connections between Italy and the Netherlands, motivated by literary and artistic reasons, but also political, economic, religious. A privileged role in trade is reserved to brokers, who actively participate in the transnational process of transfer and adaptation, or translation, of cultural elements. The membership of a particular social group, religious or professional is crucial factor in the activities of these mediators. Stands out, besides, the local perspective on which the contacts between Italy and the Netherlands s'imperniano: Florentines, Genoese, Roman, as well as the citizens of the southern and northern Netherlands, acted with divergent interests that depended on their target communities , and that conditioned their perception of others. In this sense, the exchanges reflect not only the geographical expansion of the interests and social networks into modernity, but also their local packaging.Tracts, classics and brands: science for children in the Nineteenth CenturyFyfe, Aileenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/93412018-03-31T23:41:26Z2008-05-28T00:00:00Z2008-05-28T00:00:00ZFyfe, AileenSteam and the Landscape of Knowledge: W. & R. Chambers in the 1830s–1850sFyfe, Aileenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/93402018-03-31T23:41:24Z2010-04-28T00:00:00Z2010-04-28T00:00:00ZFyfe, AileenDer NationalsozialismusBavaj, Riccardohttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/92842018-04-21T23:33:57Z2016-02-01T00:00:00Z2016-02-01T00:00:00ZBavaj, RiccardoDeutscher Staat und westliche Demokratie : Karl Dietrich Bracher und Erwin K. Scheuch zur Zeit der Studentenrevolte von 1967/68Bavaj, Riccardohttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/92742018-03-31T23:33:08Z2008-01-01T00:00:00Z2008-01-01T00:00:00ZBavaj, Riccardo“Revolutionierung der Augen” : Politische Massenmobilisierung in der Weimarer Republik und der Münzenberg-KonzernBavaj, Riccardohttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/92712018-03-31T23:41:03Z2010-01-01T00:00:00Z2010-01-01T00:00:00ZBavaj, RiccardoOtto Kirchheimers Parlamentarismuskritik in der Weimarer Republik : Ein Fall von "Linksschmittianismus"?Bavaj, Riccardohttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/92702018-01-07T01:30:44Z2007-01-01T00:00:00ZResuming a passionate debate initiated by the American political scientist Ellen Kennedy twenty years ago, the article traces intellectual transferences between Weimar's state philosophical arch-enemy Carl Schmitt and his left-wing socialist disciple Otto Kirchheimer. It focuses on the period between 1928, the year Kirchheimer obtained his PhD, and 1933, the year of Hitler's 'seizure of power'. In so doing it makes a contribution not only to the study of Weimar's highly fragmented political culture, but also to a recent focus of research, namely the phenomenon of 'exchange discourses' of right- and left-wing intellectuals. While stressing conspicuous resemblances between Schmitt's and Kirchheimer's anti-parliamentarian critique, the article also points out divergences and discrepancies which became increasingly apparent from 1930 onwards, culminating in a harsh attack launched by Kirchheimer against his former doctoral supervisor on the occasion of Schmitt's juristic legitimization of the socalled 'Preu ss enschlag', von Papen's take-over of power in Prussia on the 20th of July, 1932.
2007-01-01T00:00:00ZBavaj, RiccardoResuming a passionate debate initiated by the American political scientist Ellen Kennedy twenty years ago, the article traces intellectual transferences between Weimar's state philosophical arch-enemy Carl Schmitt and his left-wing socialist disciple Otto Kirchheimer. It focuses on the period between 1928, the year Kirchheimer obtained his PhD, and 1933, the year of Hitler's 'seizure of power'. In so doing it makes a contribution not only to the study of Weimar's highly fragmented political culture, but also to a recent focus of research, namely the phenomenon of 'exchange discourses' of right- and left-wing intellectuals. While stressing conspicuous resemblances between Schmitt's and Kirchheimer's anti-parliamentarian critique, the article also points out divergences and discrepancies which became increasingly apparent from 1930 onwards, culminating in a harsh attack launched by Kirchheimer against his former doctoral supervisor on the occasion of Schmitt's juristic legitimization of the socalled 'Preu ss enschlag', von Papen's take-over of power in Prussia on the 20th of July, 1932.Ślōnski, abo polski?Kamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/92402018-04-28T23:32:56Z2016-07-09T00:00:00ZŚlōnski, abo polski? [Is Silesian a Language in Its Own Right or a Dialect of Polish?]. Jaskółka Śląska. 9 Jul. www.jaskolkaslaska.eu/2016/07/09/slonski-abo-polski/
2016-07-09T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikŚlōnski, abo polski? [Is Silesian a Language in Its Own Right or a Dialect of Polish?]. Jaskółka Śląska. 9 Jul. www.jaskolkaslaska.eu/2016/07/09/slonski-abo-polski/Gegen den Bürger, für das (Er-)Leben : Raoul Hausmann und der Berliner Dadaismus gegen die “Weimarische Lebensauffassung”Bavaj, Riccardohttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/91822018-01-07T01:30:47Z2008-10-01T00:00:00Z2008-10-01T00:00:00ZBavaj, RiccardoFit for print : developing an institutional model of scientific periodical publishing in England, 1665-CA. 1714Moxham, Noah Josephhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/91352018-01-07T03:36:41Z2015-09-20T00:00:00ZThis paper explores the contested afterlife of Philosophical Transactions following the death of its founder, Henry Oldenburg. It investigates the complex interrelation between the institution and the periodical at a time when the latter was supposedly independent, and outlines the competing proposals for institutional publishing in science contemplated in the Royal Society, linking some publications that were actually attempted to those proposals and to the Society's attempts to revitalize its experimental programme between 1677 and 1687. It argues that the Society was concerned to produce experimental natural knowledge over which it could claim ownership, and intended this work for publication in other venues than Transactions, whereas the periodical was seen as a more suitable site for work reported to the Society than for research that the institution had primarily produced. It was only from the early 1690s, after the collapse of the Society's experimental programme, that Transactions gradually became a more straightforward reflection of the mainstream of Royal Society activity, paving the way for its formal reinvention as the official publication of the Society in 1752.
2015-09-20T00:00:00ZMoxham, Noah JosephThis paper explores the contested afterlife of Philosophical Transactions following the death of its founder, Henry Oldenburg. It investigates the complex interrelation between the institution and the periodical at a time when the latter was supposedly independent, and outlines the competing proposals for institutional publishing in science contemplated in the Royal Society, linking some publications that were actually attempted to those proposals and to the Society's attempts to revitalize its experimental programme between 1677 and 1687. It argues that the Society was concerned to produce experimental natural knowledge over which it could claim ownership, and intended this work for publication in other venues than Transactions, whereas the periodical was seen as a more suitable site for work reported to the Society than for research that the institution had primarily produced. It was only from the early 1690s, after the collapse of the Society's experimental programme, that Transactions gradually became a more straightforward reflection of the mainstream of Royal Society activity, paving the way for its formal reinvention as the official publication of the Society in 1752.350 years of scientific periodicalsFyfe, AileenMoxham, Noah JosephMcDougall-Waters, Juliehttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/91342018-01-07T03:04:32Z2015-09-20T00:00:00Z2015-09-20T00:00:00ZFyfe, AileenMoxham, Noah JosephMcDougall-Waters, JulieJournals, learned societies and money : Philosophical Transactions ca. 1750–1900Fyfe, Aileenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/91332018-01-07T03:04:31Z2015-09-20T00:00:00ZThis paper investigates the finances of the Royal Society and its Philosophical Transactions, showing that in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries journal publishing was a drain on funds rather than a source of income. Even without any expectation of profit, the costs of producing Transactions nevertheless had to be covered, and the way in which this was done reflected the changing financial situation of the Society. An examination of the Society’s financial accounts and minute books reveals the tensions between the Society’s desire to promote the widespread communication of natural knowledge, and the ever-increasing cost of doing so, particularly by the late nineteenth century.
2015-09-20T00:00:00ZFyfe, AileenThis paper investigates the finances of the Royal Society and its Philosophical Transactions, showing that in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries journal publishing was a drain on funds rather than a source of income. Even without any expectation of profit, the costs of producing Transactions nevertheless had to be covered, and the way in which this was done reflected the changing financial situation of the Society. An examination of the Society’s financial accounts and minute books reveals the tensions between the Society’s desire to promote the widespread communication of natural knowledge, and the ever-increasing cost of doing so, particularly by the late nineteenth century.Between Scotland and SilesiaKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/91222018-04-14T23:34:21Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZBetween Scotland and Silesia (pp 154-160). In: Robert Burns. Wiersze i śpiywki Roberta Burnsa ze ślōnskimi translacyjami ôd Mirka Syniawy (Ser: Canon Silesiae, Bibliŏtyka Tumaczyń). Kotórz Mały: Silesia Progress.
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikThe Alexander romance and the rise of the Ottoman EmpireKastritsis, Dimitrishttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/90972018-03-31T23:43:39Z2016-04-21T00:00:00Z2016-04-21T00:00:00ZKastritsis, DimitrisSilesian: from gwara to language after 1989Kamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/90962018-04-14T23:33:20Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZIn the past, Silesian was treated as a subdialect of the Polish language (and sometimes of Czech). During the 1990s, following the fall of communism and the establishment of democracy in Poland, most Silesian-speakers decided to treat Silesian as a language in its own right. It became part and parcel of their eff ort to shed the status of second-class citizens that had been imposed on them in the interwar and communist Poland. Warsaw has not recognized this language yet, but, despite suff ering this (quite humiliating) disadvantage, Silesian-speakers have produced a growing number of articles, books, websites, radio and television programmes in their language, winning a recognition for Silesian as a language abroad and among scholars. It appears that the Polish administration’s rigid stance toward the Silesians and their language is dictated by the logic of ethnolinguistic nationalism, which equates the legitimacy and stability of the nation-state with the full ethnolinguistic homogeneity of its population. This article sketches the trajectory of the main events and probes into the state of the discourse on the issue of Silesian language and culture during the quarter of a century after the fall of communism in 1989.
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikIn the past, Silesian was treated as a subdialect of the Polish language (and sometimes of Czech). During the 1990s, following the fall of communism and the establishment of democracy in Poland, most Silesian-speakers decided to treat Silesian as a language in its own right. It became part and parcel of their eff ort to shed the status of second-class citizens that had been imposed on them in the interwar and communist Poland. Warsaw has not recognized this language yet, but, despite suff ering this (quite humiliating) disadvantage, Silesian-speakers have produced a growing number of articles, books, websites, radio and television programmes in their language, winning a recognition for Silesian as a language abroad and among scholars. It appears that the Polish administration’s rigid stance toward the Silesians and their language is dictated by the logic of ethnolinguistic nationalism, which equates the legitimacy and stability of the nation-state with the full ethnolinguistic homogeneity of its population. This article sketches the trajectory of the main events and probes into the state of the discourse on the issue of Silesian language and culture during the quarter of a century after the fall of communism in 1989.The Grail of original meaning: uses of the past in American constitutional theoryKidd, Colin Craighttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/90812018-01-07T03:44:32Z2016-09-29T00:00:00ZOriginalist jurisprudence, which enjoins a faithful adherence to the values enshrined in the late eighteenth-century Constitution, has become a prominent feature of contemporary American conservatism. Recovering the original meaning of the Constitution is far from straightforward, and raises major issues of historical interpretation. How far do the assumed historical underpinnings of originalist interpretation mesh with the findings of academic historians? To what extent has the conservative invocation of the Founding Fathers obscured a lost American Enlightenment? Nor is ‘tradition’ in American constitutional law an unproblematic matter. How far does a desire to restore the original meaning of the Constitution ignore the role of ‘stare decisis’ [precedent] in America’s common law heritage? It transpires, moreover, that the various schemes of historical interpretation in American constitutional jurisprudence do not map easily onto a simple liberal-conservative divide.
2016-09-29T00:00:00ZKidd, Colin CraigOriginalist jurisprudence, which enjoins a faithful adherence to the values enshrined in the late eighteenth-century Constitution, has become a prominent feature of contemporary American conservatism. Recovering the original meaning of the Constitution is far from straightforward, and raises major issues of historical interpretation. How far do the assumed historical underpinnings of originalist interpretation mesh with the findings of academic historians? To what extent has the conservative invocation of the Founding Fathers obscured a lost American Enlightenment? Nor is ‘tradition’ in American constitutional law an unproblematic matter. How far does a desire to restore the original meaning of the Constitution ignore the role of ‘stare decisis’ [precedent] in America’s common law heritage? It transpires, moreover, that the various schemes of historical interpretation in American constitutional jurisprudence do not map easily onto a simple liberal-conservative divide.Red and purple? Feminism and young Greek Eurocommunists in the 1970sPapadogiannis, Nikolaoshttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/90422018-01-07T02:55:51Z2015-01-02T00:00:00ZThis article analyses the impact of Feminism on one of the most popular left-wing youth groups in Greece, the Eurocommunist Rigas Feraios (RF), in the mid-to-late 1970s. It indicates that, rather than a shift to (depoliticised) individualisation, which scholars claim that emerged elsewhere in Western Europe during the 1970s, post-dictatorship Greece witnessed intense politicisation and experimentations in mass-mobilisation models, a facet of which was the reconfiguration of the relationship between Eurocommunist organisations and Feminism. It demonstrates that the spread of Feminist ideas in RF led to the sexualisation of feminine representations in its language. Still, it argues that Feminist activity within RF had broader repercussions: it stirred reflection on masculinities and contributed to the reshaping of the collective memory of left-wing activity in Greece endorsed by this organisation. Finally, the article shows that the Feminist members of RF formed women's committees, which functioned as a test-bed for novel conceptualisations of collective action that RF tried to develop in the mid-to-late 1970s.
2015-01-02T00:00:00ZPapadogiannis, NikolaosThis article analyses the impact of Feminism on one of the most popular left-wing youth groups in Greece, the Eurocommunist Rigas Feraios (RF), in the mid-to-late 1970s. It indicates that, rather than a shift to (depoliticised) individualisation, which scholars claim that emerged elsewhere in Western Europe during the 1970s, post-dictatorship Greece witnessed intense politicisation and experimentations in mass-mobilisation models, a facet of which was the reconfiguration of the relationship between Eurocommunist organisations and Feminism. It demonstrates that the spread of Feminist ideas in RF led to the sexualisation of feminine representations in its language. Still, it argues that Feminist activity within RF had broader repercussions: it stirred reflection on masculinities and contributed to the reshaping of the collective memory of left-wing activity in Greece endorsed by this organisation. Finally, the article shows that the Feminist members of RF formed women's committees, which functioned as a test-bed for novel conceptualisations of collective action that RF tried to develop in the mid-to-late 1970s.The curious case of the nuclear company of Britain and IranAnsari, Ali M.http://hdl.handle.net/10023/89512018-01-22T17:30:11Z2017-04-07T00:00:00ZIn February 1977, on a routine visit to Tehran, Sir Walter Marshall, the chief scientist at the department of Energy and deputy chairman of the UK Atomic Energy Authority, was made a seemingly impromptu “radical proposal” by the then head of the Atomic Energy Organisation, Dr Akbar Etemad for a strategic collaboration between the emergent nuclear industry of Iran and that of the UK which faced an uncertain future. Etemad’s proposal envisioned Iranian capital combining with British expertise in the form of a joint company that would be the salvation of both and mark a definitive new era in British–Iranian relations. Eighteen months of tough negotiations ended, failing to yield the desired commitment. But the encounter, largely ignored by historians sheds important new light on the politics of development in both Iran and the UK, along with the complexities of policy-making, and not least, the subtleties of the British–Iranian relationship in what would turn out to be the twilight of the Pahlavi dynasty.
2017-04-07T00:00:00ZAnsari, Ali M.In February 1977, on a routine visit to Tehran, Sir Walter Marshall, the chief scientist at the department of Energy and deputy chairman of the UK Atomic Energy Authority, was made a seemingly impromptu “radical proposal” by the then head of the Atomic Energy Organisation, Dr Akbar Etemad for a strategic collaboration between the emergent nuclear industry of Iran and that of the UK which faced an uncertain future. Etemad’s proposal envisioned Iranian capital combining with British expertise in the form of a joint company that would be the salvation of both and mark a definitive new era in British–Iranian relations. Eighteen months of tough negotiations ended, failing to yield the desired commitment. But the encounter, largely ignored by historians sheds important new light on the politics of development in both Iran and the UK, along with the complexities of policy-making, and not least, the subtleties of the British–Iranian relationship in what would turn out to be the twilight of the Pahlavi dynasty.Taqizadeh and European civilisationAnsari, Ali Massoudhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/89472018-03-31T23:39:18Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZThe leading Iranian intellectual and nationalist Hasan Taqizadeh has been roundly condemned by posterity for his call to Iranians to embrace European civilisation in its entirety without qualification or compromise. Taqizadeh himself later conceded that the form of words he had used were injudicious, but he added, his intention had been to galvanise Iranians out of their self destructive political stupor and it remains a reality that many of Taqizadeh’s contemporaries were supportive of his call to arms. This paper re-assesses Taqizadeh’s position in the context of his historical environment and intellectual environment which it is argued drew heavily from a ‘Whig’ reading of Enlightenment progress. It shows that Taqizadeh was not alone in drawing on this narrative while maintaining an important distinction between the positive aspects of British political thought and the shortcomings of British policy.
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZAnsari, Ali MassoudThe leading Iranian intellectual and nationalist Hasan Taqizadeh has been roundly condemned by posterity for his call to Iranians to embrace European civilisation in its entirety without qualification or compromise. Taqizadeh himself later conceded that the form of words he had used were injudicious, but he added, his intention had been to galvanise Iranians out of their self destructive political stupor and it remains a reality that many of Taqizadeh’s contemporaries were supportive of his call to arms. This paper re-assesses Taqizadeh’s position in the context of his historical environment and intellectual environment which it is argued drew heavily from a ‘Whig’ reading of Enlightenment progress. It shows that Taqizadeh was not alone in drawing on this narrative while maintaining an important distinction between the positive aspects of British political thought and the shortcomings of British policy.An experimental ‘Life’ for an experimental life : Richard Waller's biography of Robert Hooke (1705)Moxham, Noahhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/89032018-01-07T03:36:14Z2016-03-01T00:00:00ZRichard Waller's ‘Life of Dr Robert Hooke’, prefixed to his edition of Hooke's Posthumous Works (1705), is an important source for the life of one of the most eminent members of the early Royal Society. It also has the distinction of being one of the earliest biographies of a man of science to be published in English. I argue that it is in fact the first biography to embrace the subject's natural-philosophical work as the centre of his life, and I investigate Waller's reasons for adopting this strategy and his struggle with the problem of how to represent an early experimental philosopher in print. I suggest that Waller eschews the ‘Christian philosopher’ tradition of contemporary biography – partly because of the unusually diverse and fragmentary nature of Hooke's intellectual output – and draws instead upon the structure of the Royal Society's archive as a means of organizing and understanding Hooke's life. The most quoted phrase from Waller's biography is that Hooke became ‘to a crime close and reserved’ in later life; this essay argues that Waller's biographical sketch was fashioned in order to undo the effects of that reserve. In modelling his approach very closely on the structure of the society's records he was principally concerned with making Hooke's work and biography accessible, intelligible and useful to the fellowship in a context familiar to them, a context which had provided the institutional framework for most of Hooke's adult life. I argue that Waller's ‘Life’ was also intended to make the largest claims for Hooke's intellectual standing that the author dared in the context of the enmity between Hooke and Isaac Newton once the latter became president of the Royal Society. However, I also adduce fresh manuscript evidence that Waller actually compiled, but did not publish, a defence of Hooke's claim to have discovered the inverse square law of gravity, allowing us to glimpse a much more assertive biography of Hooke than the published version.
2016-03-01T00:00:00ZMoxham, NoahRichard Waller's ‘Life of Dr Robert Hooke’, prefixed to his edition of Hooke's Posthumous Works (1705), is an important source for the life of one of the most eminent members of the early Royal Society. It also has the distinction of being one of the earliest biographies of a man of science to be published in English. I argue that it is in fact the first biography to embrace the subject's natural-philosophical work as the centre of his life, and I investigate Waller's reasons for adopting this strategy and his struggle with the problem of how to represent an early experimental philosopher in print. I suggest that Waller eschews the ‘Christian philosopher’ tradition of contemporary biography – partly because of the unusually diverse and fragmentary nature of Hooke's intellectual output – and draws instead upon the structure of the Royal Society's archive as a means of organizing and understanding Hooke's life. The most quoted phrase from Waller's biography is that Hooke became ‘to a crime close and reserved’ in later life; this essay argues that Waller's biographical sketch was fashioned in order to undo the effects of that reserve. In modelling his approach very closely on the structure of the society's records he was principally concerned with making Hooke's work and biography accessible, intelligible and useful to the fellowship in a context familiar to them, a context which had provided the institutional framework for most of Hooke's adult life. I argue that Waller's ‘Life’ was also intended to make the largest claims for Hooke's intellectual standing that the author dared in the context of the enmity between Hooke and Isaac Newton once the latter became president of the Royal Society. However, I also adduce fresh manuscript evidence that Waller actually compiled, but did not publish, a defence of Hooke's claim to have discovered the inverse square law of gravity, allowing us to glimpse a much more assertive biography of Hooke than the published version.Ordering divine knowledge in late Roman legal discourseHumfress, Carolinehttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/88652018-03-31T23:38:07Z2016-04-01T00:00:00ZIn the celebrated words of the Severan jurist Ulpian – echoed three hundred years later in the opening passages of Justinian’s Institutes – knowledge of the law entails knowledge of matters both human and divine. This essay explores how relations between the human and divine were structured and ordered in the Imperial codex of Theodosius II (438 CE). Deliberately side stepping vexed categories such as ‘Christian’, ‘pagan’, ‘heresiological’ etc., the essay self-consciously frames the question as one of ‘knowledge-ordering’ in order to develop a broader framework concerning relations between emperors and the divine. How was knowledge about the divine textualised in Book XVI of the Codex Theodosianus and with what implications for a late Roman imperial ‘ordering of knowledge’?
ISBN: 978-951-51-2024-3
2016-04-01T00:00:00ZHumfress, CarolineIn the celebrated words of the Severan jurist Ulpian – echoed three hundred years later in the opening passages of Justinian’s Institutes – knowledge of the law entails knowledge of matters both human and divine. This essay explores how relations between the human and divine were structured and ordered in the Imperial codex of Theodosius II (438 CE). Deliberately side stepping vexed categories such as ‘Christian’, ‘pagan’, ‘heresiological’ etc., the essay self-consciously frames the question as one of ‘knowledge-ordering’ in order to develop a broader framework concerning relations between emperors and the divine. How was knowledge about the divine textualised in Book XVI of the Codex Theodosianus and with what implications for a late Roman imperial ‘ordering of knowledge’?"Frau Deines Mannes, Tochter Deiner Mutter" : Victoria und das Scheitern einer MissionMuller, Frank Lorenzhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/88592018-03-31T23:43:35Z2016-05-18T00:00:00Z2016-05-18T00:00:00ZMuller, Frank LorenzIf the cap fits: going Mongol in thirteenth century SyriaStewart, Angushttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/88002018-01-07T02:59:54Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZVarious Near Eastern and European writers of the thirteenth century remarked on the outlandish appearance of the Mongol warriors then rampaging across Eurasia. One aspect of this was their distinctive headgear. From our sources it is clear that Mongol costume could be exploited by non-Mongols in the Near East for a variety of purposes; how these distinctive hats were described, and how contemporary artists depicted them, will also be discussed.
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZStewart, AngusVarious Near Eastern and European writers of the thirteenth century remarked on the outlandish appearance of the Mongol warriors then rampaging across Eurasia. One aspect of this was their distinctive headgear. From our sources it is clear that Mongol costume could be exploited by non-Mongols in the Near East for a variety of purposes; how these distinctive hats were described, and how contemporary artists depicted them, will also be discussed.Mīrkhwānd and Persian historiographyAnsari, Ali Massoudhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/87382018-01-07T03:40:56Z2016-04-28T00:00:00ZPre-modern historians of the Persianate world have primarily been used by modern historians as sources of factual information and rarely to gain insight into the means, methods and world-views of the historians themselves. The 15th C Persian historian Mīrkhwānd is a case in point despite the fact that his extensive discussion on the utility of history lends itself well to an historiographical assessment. While his understanding of the purpose of history may differ in some aspects for the modern discipline, his concerns and application were not as distinctive as we might like to think.
2016-04-28T00:00:00ZAnsari, Ali MassoudPre-modern historians of the Persianate world have primarily been used by modern historians as sources of factual information and rarely to gain insight into the means, methods and world-views of the historians themselves. The 15th C Persian historian Mīrkhwānd is a case in point despite the fact that his extensive discussion on the utility of history lends itself well to an historiographical assessment. While his understanding of the purpose of history may differ in some aspects for the modern discipline, his concerns and application were not as distinctive as we might like to think.Kamusella: Jednorodność etnicznojęzykowa gwarantem pokoju i stabilności?Kamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/86802018-03-31T23:39:23Z2016-04-05T00:00:00Z2016-04-05T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikCanon before Canon, Literature before Literature: Thomas Pope Blount and the Scope of Early Modern LearningWilliams, Kelsey Jacksonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/85732018-03-31T23:39:19Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZSir Thomas Pope Blount (1649–1697), an English essayist and country gentleman, published two major literary biobibliographies, Censura celebriorum authorum (1690) and De re poetica (1694). In this essay, Kelsey Jackson Williams discusses the texts within the genre of historia literaria and contemporary understandings of literature. In doing so, he engages with current debates surrounding canon formation and the shifts in disciplinary boundaries that followed in the wake of the Battle of the Books. Early modern canons and definitions of “literature” differed radically from their modern equivalents, and a close reading of Blount’s work offers a window onto this forgotten literary landscape.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZWilliams, Kelsey JacksonSir Thomas Pope Blount (1649–1697), an English essayist and country gentleman, published two major literary biobibliographies, Censura celebriorum authorum (1690) and De re poetica (1694). In this essay, Kelsey Jackson Williams discusses the texts within the genre of historia literaria and contemporary understandings of literature. In doing so, he engages with current debates surrounding canon formation and the shifts in disciplinary boundaries that followed in the wake of the Battle of the Books. Early modern canons and definitions of “literature” differed radically from their modern equivalents, and a close reading of Blount’s work offers a window onto this forgotten literary landscape.Training the virtuoso: John Aubrey’s education and early lifeWilliams, Kelsey Jacksonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/85712018-01-07T03:39:09Z2012-01-01T00:00:00ZJohn Aubrey's contributions to antiquarianism and archaeology helped to shape the development of several disciplines in English scholarship. This paper looks at the educational milieu that produced his pioneering work, following him from his Wiltshire gentry background through school at Blandford Forum, Dorset, to Trinity College, Oxford, the Middle Temple, and beyond as a young gentleman with a scientific turn of mind in Commonwealth London. It substantially clarifies and revises previous estimates of the extent and nature of his education and offers a case study in the early training of a Restoration "virtuoso".
2012-01-01T00:00:00ZWilliams, Kelsey JacksonJohn Aubrey's contributions to antiquarianism and archaeology helped to shape the development of several disciplines in English scholarship. This paper looks at the educational milieu that produced his pioneering work, following him from his Wiltshire gentry background through school at Blandford Forum, Dorset, to Trinity College, Oxford, the Middle Temple, and beyond as a young gentleman with a scientific turn of mind in Commonwealth London. It substantially clarifies and revises previous estimates of the extent and nature of his education and offers a case study in the early training of a Restoration "virtuoso".A Genealogy of the Grand Komnenoi of TrebizondWilliams, Kelsey Jacksonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/85702018-03-31T23:39:21Z2007-01-01T00:00:00ZThe empire of Trebizond, founded by a grandson of emperor Andronikos I Komnenos in the chaos following the sack of Constantinople in 1204 and the last Byzantine state to fall to the Ottoman Turks (in 1461), occupied a unique position in the later middle ages as a focus for transcontinental commerce and as a state which had close ties with the Georgian and Turkomen polities to its east as well as the Byzantine, French and Italian states to its west. These ties were solidified by a series of astute dynastic marriages that make the Grand Komnenoi, the ruling dynasty of Trebizond for the period of its history as an empire, of particular interest to the genealogist and prosopographer. The present paper corrects the accreted errors of past generations and sets out, for the first time, a scholarly account of the genealogy of the Grand Komnenoi.
2007-01-01T00:00:00ZWilliams, Kelsey JacksonThe empire of Trebizond, founded by a grandson of emperor Andronikos I Komnenos in the chaos following the sack of Constantinople in 1204 and the last Byzantine state to fall to the Ottoman Turks (in 1461), occupied a unique position in the later middle ages as a focus for transcontinental commerce and as a state which had close ties with the Georgian and Turkomen polities to its east as well as the Byzantine, French and Italian states to its west. These ties were solidified by a series of astute dynastic marriages that make the Grand Komnenoi, the ruling dynasty of Trebizond for the period of its history as an empire, of particular interest to the genealogist and prosopographer. The present paper corrects the accreted errors of past generations and sets out, for the first time, a scholarly account of the genealogy of the Grand Komnenoi.Thomas Gray and the Goths: philology, poetry, and the uses of the Norse past in eighteenth-century EnglandWilliams, Kelsey Jacksonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/85442018-01-07T03:38:54Z2014-09-01T00:00:00ZIn 1761 Thomas Gray composed two loose translations of Old Norse poems: The Fatal Sisters and The Descent of Odin. This article reconstructs Gray’s complex engagement with the world of seventeenth-century Scandinavian scholarship: recovering the texts he used, the ideologies contained within them, and the ways in which he naturalized those ideologies into his own vision of the history of English literature. Gray became aware of Old Norse poetry in the course of composing a never-completed history of English poetry in the 1750s, but this article argues that it was not until the publication of James Macpherson’s Fragments of Ancient Poetry (1760) that Gray became inspired to engage poetically with the Scandinavian past. Imitating Macpherson, he created his own ‘translations’ of what he understood to be the British literary heritage and, in doing so, composed a vivid and surprising variation on the grand myths of early modern Scandinavian nationalism.
2014-09-01T00:00:00ZWilliams, Kelsey JacksonIn 1761 Thomas Gray composed two loose translations of Old Norse poems: The Fatal Sisters and The Descent of Odin. This article reconstructs Gray’s complex engagement with the world of seventeenth-century Scandinavian scholarship: recovering the texts he used, the ideologies contained within them, and the ways in which he naturalized those ideologies into his own vision of the history of English literature. Gray became aware of Old Norse poetry in the course of composing a never-completed history of English poetry in the 1750s, but this article argues that it was not until the publication of James Macpherson’s Fragments of Ancient Poetry (1760) that Gray became inspired to engage poetically with the Scandinavian past. Imitating Macpherson, he created his own ‘translations’ of what he understood to be the British literary heritage and, in doing so, composed a vivid and surprising variation on the grand myths of early modern Scandinavian nationalism.Guest Editorial : The science of John LubbockClark, John Finlay Mcdiarmidhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/85422018-01-07T03:38:43Z2014-03-20T00:00:00Z2014-03-20T00:00:00ZClark, John Finlay McdiarmidJohn Lubbock, science, and the liberal intellectualClark, John Finlay Mcdiarmidhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/85412018-01-07T03:38:44Z2014-03-20T00:00:00ZJohn Lubbock's longest-standing scientific research interest was entomology. Some of his earliest systematic investigations of insect and marine life began under the tutelage of Darwin. Darwin shaped the trajectory of, and the programme for, Lubbock's natural history work. However, to understand John Lubbock's identity as a scientist, he must be located within the context of the Victorian ‘intellectual’. This paper traces Lubbock's entomological work from its early development under Darwin to his later work on insect sensory physiology and comparative psychology. Far from being the death of his scientific career, Lubbock's entry into Parliament marked the pinnacle of his career as a scientific intellectual. He built on his early work on invertebrate anatomy, physiology and taxonomy, and on his archaeological and anthropological research to expound his vision of mental evolution. His research on ‘savages’, on ants, bees and wasps, and on his dog, ‘Van’, permitted him to expatiate upon the psychic unity of all sentient beings, which, in turn, underpinned his overarching educational programme.
2014-03-20T00:00:00ZClark, John Finlay McdiarmidJohn Lubbock's longest-standing scientific research interest was entomology. Some of his earliest systematic investigations of insect and marine life began under the tutelage of Darwin. Darwin shaped the trajectory of, and the programme for, Lubbock's natural history work. However, to understand John Lubbock's identity as a scientist, he must be located within the context of the Victorian ‘intellectual’. This paper traces Lubbock's entomological work from its early development under Darwin to his later work on insect sensory physiology and comparative psychology. Far from being the death of his scientific career, Lubbock's entry into Parliament marked the pinnacle of his career as a scientific intellectual. He built on his early work on invertebrate anatomy, physiology and taxonomy, and on his archaeological and anthropological research to expound his vision of mental evolution. His research on ‘savages’, on ants, bees and wasps, and on his dog, ‘Van’, permitted him to expatiate upon the psychic unity of all sentient beings, which, in turn, underpinned his overarching educational programme.The freedom of the press in James Mill's political thoughtGrint, Krishttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/85332018-02-02T12:30:04Z2017-06-01T00:00:00ZThis article examines the Scottish philosopher and historian James Mill’s views on the freedom of the press, predominantly as they are expounded in his unpublished commonplace books, and argues that not only were these ideas very radical, they were critical to Mill’s wider political thought and, by extension, to that of the early Philosophic Radicals. By virtue of the use of manuscript material, this article also presents evidence for various intellectual influences upon Mill, and argues that whilst Jeremy Bentham is of central importance to Mill’s ideas, he takes inspiration from a wide range of other authors, both modern and ancient, in part as a way of normalizing his views in the context of the reactionary and conservative political climate that he was writing about them in: early nineteenth-century Britain.
2017-06-01T00:00:00ZGrint, KrisThis article examines the Scottish philosopher and historian James Mill’s views on the freedom of the press, predominantly as they are expounded in his unpublished commonplace books, and argues that not only were these ideas very radical, they were critical to Mill’s wider political thought and, by extension, to that of the early Philosophic Radicals. By virtue of the use of manuscript material, this article also presents evidence for various intellectual influences upon Mill, and argues that whilst Jeremy Bentham is of central importance to Mill’s ideas, he takes inspiration from a wide range of other authors, both modern and ancient, in part as a way of normalizing his views in the context of the reactionary and conservative political climate that he was writing about them in: early nineteenth-century Britain.Oversight, influence and Mesopotamian connections to Armenia across the Sasanian and early Islamic periodsGreenwood, Timothy Williamhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/85312018-03-31T23:42:16Z2015-04-01T00:00:00Z2015-04-01T00:00:00ZGreenwood, Timothy WilliamA Corpus of Early Medieval Armenian SilverGreenwood, Timothy Williamhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/84902018-03-31T23:34:45Z2016-03-01T00:00:00ZISBN 9780884024057
2016-03-01T00:00:00ZGreenwood, Timothy WilliamLollardy, Hussitism and the Scottish Inquisition, c.1390-c.1527Stevenson, Katiehttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/84862018-01-07T02:56:19Z2015-12-31T00:00:00Z2015-12-31T00:00:00ZStevenson, KatieReputation in a box : objects, communication and trust in late eighteenth-century botanical networksEasterby-Smith, Sarahhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/83602018-01-14T01:31:07Z2015-06-01T00:00:00ZThis paper examines how and why information moved or failed to move within transatlantic botanical networks in the late eighteenth century. It addresses the problem of how practitioners created relationships of trust, and the difficulties they faced in transferring reputations between national contexts. Eighteenth-century botany was characteristically cross-cultural, cosmopolitan and socially diverse, yet in the 1770s and 1780s the American Revolutionary Wars placed these attributes under strain. The paper analyses the British and French networks that surrounded the Philadelphian plant hunter William Young (1742-1785), to show how botanists and plant collectors created and maintained connections with each other, especially when separated by geographical and cultural distance. It highlights in particular the role played by commercial plant traders, and demonstrates how practitioners used objects to transmit social as well as scholarly information. The transnational circulation of information and knowledge in the Enlightenment was determined by culturally specific judgements about trust, confidence, communication and risk. Despite the prominent role played by material culture within these networks, scholars continued to place high value on face-to-face contact as a means of judging the trustworthiness and cooperation of their agents.
Research was supported by a Max Weber Fellowship at the European University Institute, and a Dibner Fellowship in the History of Science at the Huntington Library.
2015-06-01T00:00:00ZEasterby-Smith, SarahThis paper examines how and why information moved or failed to move within transatlantic botanical networks in the late eighteenth century. It addresses the problem of how practitioners created relationships of trust, and the difficulties they faced in transferring reputations between national contexts. Eighteenth-century botany was characteristically cross-cultural, cosmopolitan and socially diverse, yet in the 1770s and 1780s the American Revolutionary Wars placed these attributes under strain. The paper analyses the British and French networks that surrounded the Philadelphian plant hunter William Young (1742-1785), to show how botanists and plant collectors created and maintained connections with each other, especially when separated by geographical and cultural distance. It highlights in particular the role played by commercial plant traders, and demonstrates how practitioners used objects to transmit social as well as scholarly information. The transnational circulation of information and knowledge in the Enlightenment was determined by culturally specific judgements about trust, confidence, communication and risk. Despite the prominent role played by material culture within these networks, scholars continued to place high value on face-to-face contact as a means of judging the trustworthiness and cooperation of their agents.Cross-channel marriage and royal succession in the age of Charles the Simple and Athelstan (c. 916-936)MacLean, Simonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/82502018-03-31T23:38:44Z2015-12-01T00:00:00ZThis article discusses the marriages of four Anglo-Saxon princesses to Continental kings and princes between the years 917 and 930. These are often interpreted as acts of diplomacy, sealing alliances across the Channel and indicating the dominant position of King Athelstan in early tenth-century Europe. I reinterpret the motivations of the princes by reading the marriages as acts of symbolic communication driven by the uncertainty over the West Frankish royal succession in the 920s and framed by a competition to access a version of Carolingian dynastic legitimacy. This in turn allows us to reflect on the decay of the Carolingian Empire after 888. Because Carolingian-ness was no longer a hegemonic political discourse, I argue that these events belong emphatically to a post-imperial political landscape.
2015-12-01T00:00:00ZMacLean, SimonThis article discusses the marriages of four Anglo-Saxon princesses to Continental kings and princes between the years 917 and 930. These are often interpreted as acts of diplomacy, sealing alliances across the Channel and indicating the dominant position of King Athelstan in early tenth-century Europe. I reinterpret the motivations of the princes by reading the marriages as acts of symbolic communication driven by the uncertainty over the West Frankish royal succession in the 920s and framed by a competition to access a version of Carolingian dynastic legitimacy. This in turn allows us to reflect on the decay of the Carolingian Empire after 888. Because Carolingian-ness was no longer a hegemonic political discourse, I argue that these events belong emphatically to a post-imperial political landscape.Church briefs in England and Wales from Elizabethan times to 1828Houston, Robert (Rab)http://hdl.handle.net/10023/82272018-01-07T02:36:21Z2015-01-01T00:00:00ZFrom Tudor times until the early nineteenth century, church or charity briefs were officially issued to individuals or groups who had suffered catastrophic financial losses, allowing them to solicit donations from a wide community of Christians. The article looks at the legal and institutional background of briefs and the changing contexts in which they operated, as well as exploring their nature, aims, receptions, and limitations. It puts a particular mechanism of charity back into the context of welfare machinery as a whole and uses its development to chart the changing (and geographically varied) relationships between institutions and society.
2015-01-01T00:00:00ZHouston, Robert (Rab)From Tudor times until the early nineteenth century, church or charity briefs were officially issued to individuals or groups who had suffered catastrophic financial losses, allowing them to solicit donations from a wide community of Christians. The article looks at the legal and institutional background of briefs and the changing contexts in which they operated, as well as exploring their nature, aims, receptions, and limitations. It puts a particular mechanism of charity back into the context of welfare machinery as a whole and uses its development to chart the changing (and geographically varied) relationships between institutions and society.‘Keeping with contemporary times’: social tourism and West German youth hostel organizations, 1950s-1980sPapadogiannis, Nikolaoshttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/82072018-01-07T03:35:10Z2016-06-17T00:00:00ZThis article examines the organizations that ran youth hostels in West Germany from the 1950s to 1989. It analyses whether they reconfigured their aims and practices against the backdrop of the cultural, social and political transformations that West Germany underwent throughout its existence, especially concerning the establishment of strong ties with ‘Western’ countries and the spread of mass consumption. It argues that while the maintenance of discipline among guests by youth hostel personnel remained important in the operation of West German youth hostels throughout the period in question, the norms around which discipline revolved and the ways in which it was enforced increasingly became negotiated between the officials of these associations and the guests at youth hostels. This process does not fall into the category of the ‘cultural revolution’ that occurred in the ‘Long Sixties’, according to Arthur Marwick, but amounted to a protracted and cautious experimentation that lasted several decades. While the historiography of tourism has hitherto analysed either the explosion of commercial tourism or the spread of anti-commercial travel from the 1960s onwards, shifting youth hostel policies help illuminate a popular type of tourism, which growingly developed synergies with both those travel patterns, but yet remained distinct from them.
The research on which this article is based was generously financed by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
2016-06-17T00:00:00ZPapadogiannis, NikolaosThis article examines the organizations that ran youth hostels in West Germany from the 1950s to 1989. It analyses whether they reconfigured their aims and practices against the backdrop of the cultural, social and political transformations that West Germany underwent throughout its existence, especially concerning the establishment of strong ties with ‘Western’ countries and the spread of mass consumption. It argues that while the maintenance of discipline among guests by youth hostel personnel remained important in the operation of West German youth hostels throughout the period in question, the norms around which discipline revolved and the ways in which it was enforced increasingly became negotiated between the officials of these associations and the guests at youth hostels. This process does not fall into the category of the ‘cultural revolution’ that occurred in the ‘Long Sixties’, according to Arthur Marwick, but amounted to a protracted and cautious experimentation that lasted several decades. While the historiography of tourism has hitherto analysed either the explosion of commercial tourism or the spread of anti-commercial travel from the 1960s onwards, shifting youth hostel policies help illuminate a popular type of tourism, which growingly developed synergies with both those travel patterns, but yet remained distinct from them.Dlaczego w Polsce nie ma Ślązaków?Kamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/81932018-03-31T23:38:54Z2015-01-01T00:00:00Z2015-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikScience for ChildrenFyfe, Aileenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/81342018-01-07T03:14:02Z2003-01-15T00:00:00ZFacsimile reprints, with scholarly introductions, of: Aikin and Barbauld, Evenings at Home (1792-96); [S. Clark], Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea and Sky (1837); [C. Williams] Wonders of the Waters (1842); [S.W. Tomlinson], The Starry Heavens (1848); M. Gatty, Parables of Nature (1882); J.H. Pepper, The Boy's Playbook of Science (1860); A. Buckley, The Fairy-Land of Science (1879).
2003-01-15T00:00:00ZFyfe, AileenFacsimile reprints, with scholarly introductions, of: Aikin and Barbauld, Evenings at Home (1792-96); [S. Clark], Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea and Sky (1837); [C. Williams] Wonders of the Waters (1842); [S.W. Tomlinson], The Starry Heavens (1848); M. Gatty, Parables of Nature (1882); J.H. Pepper, The Boy's Playbook of Science (1860); A. Buckley, The Fairy-Land of Science (1879).Introduction to Jane Marcet's 'Conversations on Chemistry'Fyfe, Aileenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/81332018-03-31T23:43:33Z2004-01-01T00:00:00ZScholarly introduction to facsimile reprint of Marcet's 1806 work.
2004-01-01T00:00:00ZFyfe, AileenScholarly introduction to facsimile reprint of Marcet's 1806 work.A short history of the Religious Tract SocietyFyfe, Aileenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/81242018-03-31T23:41:26Z2006-06-01T00:00:00Z2006-06-01T00:00:00ZFyfe, AileenThe preposition ‘on’ and Poland-LithuaniaKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/79982018-03-31T23:43:22Z2015-01-01T00:00:00Z[Abstract in Polish] Przyimek „na” a Rzeczpospolita Królestwa Polskiego i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego W języku polskim przyimek miejsca „w” jest używany z większością nazw państw świata. Jakkolwiek w tej funkcji występuje też przyimek „na” w kontekście małej i ograniczonej grupy państw najczęściej graniczących z Polska, lub leżących w jej pobliżu. Zazwyczaj się uważa, że użycie te jest wypadkową rozwoju języka polskiego, bez żadnych podtekstów ideologicznych. Zastanawia jednak, że przyimek „na” występuje prawie wyłącznie z nazwami państw, które kiedyś wchodziły w skład wspomnianej w tytule Rzeczypospolitej. Przyimek „na” najczęściej stosuje się z nazwami regionów i prowincji wewnątrz jakiegoś państwa. Stąd wydaje się, że używanie „na” w połączeniu z nazwami takich niepodległych państw jak Białoruś lub Ukraina wykazuje jednak ideologiczne zabarwienie, bowiem z językowego punktu widzenia nic nie stoi na przeszkodzie, aby po polsku mówić „w Białorusi” lub „w Ukrainie”.
2015-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz Dominik[Abstract in Polish] Przyimek „na” a Rzeczpospolita Królestwa Polskiego i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego W języku polskim przyimek miejsca „w” jest używany z większością nazw państw świata. Jakkolwiek w tej funkcji występuje też przyimek „na” w kontekście małej i ograniczonej grupy państw najczęściej graniczących z Polska, lub leżących w jej pobliżu. Zazwyczaj się uważa, że użycie te jest wypadkową rozwoju języka polskiego, bez żadnych podtekstów ideologicznych. Zastanawia jednak, że przyimek „na” występuje prawie wyłącznie z nazwami państw, które kiedyś wchodziły w skład wspomnianej w tytule Rzeczypospolitej. Przyimek „na” najczęściej stosuje się z nazwami regionów i prowincji wewnątrz jakiegoś państwa. Stąd wydaje się, że używanie „na” w połączeniu z nazwami takich niepodległych państw jak Białoruś lub Ukraina wykazuje jednak ideologiczne zabarwienie, bowiem z językowego punktu widzenia nic nie stoi na przeszkodzie, aby po polsku mówić „w Białorusi” lub „w Ukrainie”.Doubting John?Andrews, Franceshttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/79652018-03-31T23:43:32Z2016-06-01T00:00:00ZThis essay focuses on the figure of John the Baptist in prison and the question he sent his disciples to ask Christ: was he ‘the one who is to come’ (Matthew 11: 2–3). Having observed how the Fathers strove to distance John from the perils of doubt in their readings of this passage, it traces the way their arguments were picked up by twelfth and thirteenth-century biblical exegetes and then by authors of anti-heretical dispute texts in urban Italy, where the Baptist was a popular patron saint. So as to give force to their own counter-arguments, learned polemicists, clerical and lay, made much of heretics’ hostility to John, powerfully ventriloquizing a doubting, sceptical standpoint. One counter-argument was to assign any doubts to John’s disciples, for whose benefit he therefore sent to ask for confirmation of the means of Christ’s return, neatly moving doubt from questions of faith to epistemology. Such ideas may have seeped beyond the bounds of a university trained elite, as is perhaps visible in a fourteenth-century fresco representing John in prison engaging with anxious disciples. But place, audience and genre determined where doubt was energetically debated and where it was more usually avoided, as in sermons for the laity on the feast of a popular saint.
2016-06-01T00:00:00ZAndrews, FrancesThis essay focuses on the figure of John the Baptist in prison and the question he sent his disciples to ask Christ: was he ‘the one who is to come’ (Matthew 11: 2–3). Having observed how the Fathers strove to distance John from the perils of doubt in their readings of this passage, it traces the way their arguments were picked up by twelfth and thirteenth-century biblical exegetes and then by authors of anti-heretical dispute texts in urban Italy, where the Baptist was a popular patron saint. So as to give force to their own counter-arguments, learned polemicists, clerical and lay, made much of heretics’ hostility to John, powerfully ventriloquizing a doubting, sceptical standpoint. One counter-argument was to assign any doubts to John’s disciples, for whose benefit he therefore sent to ask for confirmation of the means of Christ’s return, neatly moving doubt from questions of faith to epistemology. Such ideas may have seeped beyond the bounds of a university trained elite, as is perhaps visible in a fourteenth-century fresco representing John in prison engaging with anxious disciples. But place, audience and genre determined where doubt was energetically debated and where it was more usually avoided, as in sermons for the laity on the feast of a popular saint.IntroductionAndrews, Franceshttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/79642018-03-31T23:43:31Z2016-06-16T00:00:00Z2016-06-16T00:00:00ZAndrews, FrancesThe Apocalypse in the Early Middle AgesPalmer, James Trevorhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/76772018-04-29T00:40:22Z2014-11-01T00:00:00Z2014-11-01T00:00:00ZPalmer, James TrevorTravel and the Greek migrant youth residing in West Germany in the 1960s-1970sPapadogiannis, Nikolaoshttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/76652018-03-31T23:38:56Z2014-11-25T00:00:00ZThis article explores the travel patterns of young Greek migrants, both students and workers, who resided in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1960s and 1970s. It draws on recent scholarly works that call into question a rigid distinction between migration and tourism. In this vein, the article claims that their joint examination contributes to a more nuanced understanding of both the migratory experience of Greeks who lived in West Germany and of the youth culture that emerged in Europe at that time. In particular, while a growing number of peer groups of young people from West Germany engaged in tourism, especially the cross-border variety, from the 1960s onwards, travel was hardly an age-specific pursuit for young Greek migrants at that point: by contrast, their travel revolved (or at least was expected to revolve) around visiting their natal areas and reinforcing their links with relatives. A diversification of their travel-related lifestyle norms, however, occured in the early 1970s as a result of the influx of Greek students at West German universities. Those youngsters, along with some young Greek migrant workers, began to travel as tourists beyond their country of origin as well as to acquaint themselves with aspects of the travel culture of local young people from West Germany, such as hitch-hiking. The article also challenges the argument that youth tourism in the second half of the 20th century helped forge a transnational European identity: for the young migrants in question, some of their tourism practices in the 1960s and 1970s reinforced the idea of a North–South divide.
Volume information: 'Between Leisure, Work, and Study: Tourism and Mobility in Europe from 1945-1989', Nikolaos Papadogiannis (U St. Andrews, UK) and Detlef Siegfried (U Kopenhagen, Denmark), eds., ISBN 978-3-86583-896-4.
2014-11-25T00:00:00ZPapadogiannis, NikolaosThis article explores the travel patterns of young Greek migrants, both students and workers, who resided in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1960s and 1970s. It draws on recent scholarly works that call into question a rigid distinction between migration and tourism. In this vein, the article claims that their joint examination contributes to a more nuanced understanding of both the migratory experience of Greeks who lived in West Germany and of the youth culture that emerged in Europe at that time. In particular, while a growing number of peer groups of young people from West Germany engaged in tourism, especially the cross-border variety, from the 1960s onwards, travel was hardly an age-specific pursuit for young Greek migrants at that point: by contrast, their travel revolved (or at least was expected to revolve) around visiting their natal areas and reinforcing their links with relatives. A diversification of their travel-related lifestyle norms, however, occured in the early 1970s as a result of the influx of Greek students at West German universities. Those youngsters, along with some young Greek migrant workers, began to travel as tourists beyond their country of origin as well as to acquaint themselves with aspects of the travel culture of local young people from West Germany, such as hitch-hiking. The article also challenges the argument that youth tourism in the second half of the 20th century helped forge a transnational European identity: for the young migrants in question, some of their tourism practices in the 1960s and 1970s reinforced the idea of a North–South divide.Calculating Time and the End of Time in the Carolingian World, c.740-820Palmer, James Trevorhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/76002018-01-07T02:32:51Z2011-12-01T00:00:00ZThe hopes and fears associated with the imminence of apocalypse acted as catalysts for a number of significant changes in history. Relevant patterns of behaviour are not, however, always consistent. This paper examines the intellectual contexts for the (sometimes quite real) fear that the world might end or be revolutionised in c. AD800 with the advent of the ‘6000th year of the world’. It argues that, in the Carolingian world, apocalyptic belief was widespread but that it centred on an undefined sense of imminence and a concern for reform, rather than a prioritisation of specific dates. Indeed, building on recent developments in the study of computus (‘time-reckoning’), it is clear that chronological systems such as AD-dating were adapted and discussed – at length – for their relevance to paschal reckonings, not apocalypticism. Evidence here also points towards the relative independence of centres such as Auxerre, St Gall and Monte Cassino, where questions about time could be pursued without much or any central direction from figures such as Charlemagne. It is therefore dangerous to posit a relative ‘consensus of silence’ about apocalypticism to explain the thin evidence; and doubly dangerous to extrapolate from it that, for example, Charlemagne’s imperial coronation occurred on Christmas Day AD800 for undocumented apocalyptic reasons rather than for the pressing political concerns indicated in the sources. Apocalypticism was real in eighth-century Europe, but it was more varied than often thought.
2011-12-01T00:00:00ZPalmer, James TrevorThe hopes and fears associated with the imminence of apocalypse acted as catalysts for a number of significant changes in history. Relevant patterns of behaviour are not, however, always consistent. This paper examines the intellectual contexts for the (sometimes quite real) fear that the world might end or be revolutionised in c. AD800 with the advent of the ‘6000th year of the world’. It argues that, in the Carolingian world, apocalyptic belief was widespread but that it centred on an undefined sense of imminence and a concern for reform, rather than a prioritisation of specific dates. Indeed, building on recent developments in the study of computus (‘time-reckoning’), it is clear that chronological systems such as AD-dating were adapted and discussed – at length – for their relevance to paschal reckonings, not apocalypticism. Evidence here also points towards the relative independence of centres such as Auxerre, St Gall and Monte Cassino, where questions about time could be pursued without much or any central direction from figures such as Charlemagne. It is therefore dangerous to posit a relative ‘consensus of silence’ about apocalypticism to explain the thin evidence; and doubly dangerous to extrapolate from it that, for example, Charlemagne’s imperial coronation occurred on Christmas Day AD800 for undocumented apocalyptic reasons rather than for the pressing political concerns indicated in the sources. Apocalypticism was real in eighth-century Europe, but it was more varied than often thought.European policies for social inclusion of Roma : Catch 22?Marushiakova-Popova, ElenaPopov, Vesselinhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/75842018-05-20T00:32:55Z2015-09-29T00:00:00ZThe article analyzes contemporary political discourses with regard to social inclusion of Roma on the basis of comparison with achievements and failures in the previous historical period of the communist rule in Eastern Europe. It argues that since the vast majority of the European Roma had lived in the past and continue living nowadays in the countries of Eastern Europe, no successful policy for their inclusion is possible without taking into account the experiences and outcomes of the actions for Roma integration in the socialist period. The experience from the times of socialism shows that successful policies are possible only in an appropriate socio-political context and only if accomplished within the mainstream approach. Against this background, the article scrutinizes the European Policies for Social Inclusion of Roma, and explains why they present a Catch 22 situation: There is a vicious cycle of problems which need to be solved; the solution requires a special policy for inclusion, however this policy stigmatizes Roma and sets them even more apart from the rest of society. Thus the vicious cycle of problems expands. The main point of the article is to propose an explanation of this failure of democracy and liberalism, which could constitute a useful lesson for the future.
2015-09-29T00:00:00ZMarushiakova-Popova, ElenaPopov, VesselinThe article analyzes contemporary political discourses with regard to social inclusion of Roma on the basis of comparison with achievements and failures in the previous historical period of the communist rule in Eastern Europe. It argues that since the vast majority of the European Roma had lived in the past and continue living nowadays in the countries of Eastern Europe, no successful policy for their inclusion is possible without taking into account the experiences and outcomes of the actions for Roma integration in the socialist period. The experience from the times of socialism shows that successful policies are possible only in an appropriate socio-political context and only if accomplished within the mainstream approach. Against this background, the article scrutinizes the European Policies for Social Inclusion of Roma, and explains why they present a Catch 22 situation: There is a vicious cycle of problems which need to be solved; the solution requires a special policy for inclusion, however this policy stigmatizes Roma and sets them even more apart from the rest of society. Thus the vicious cycle of problems expands. The main point of the article is to propose an explanation of this failure of democracy and liberalism, which could constitute a useful lesson for the future.A (trans)national emotional community? Greek political songs and the politicisation of Greek migrants in West Germany in the 1960s and early 1970sPapadogiannis, Nikolaoshttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/75202018-01-07T03:08:30Z2014-11-01T00:00:00ZThis article examines the emotional standards and experiences connected with the entehno laiko music composed by Mikis Theodorakis that was immensely popular among left-wing Greek migrants, workers and students, living in West Germany in the 1960s and the early 1970s. Expanding on a body of literature that explores the transnational dimensions of protest movements in the 1960s and the 1970s, the article demonstrates that these transnational dimensions were not mutually exclusive with the fact that at least some of those protestors felt that they belonged to a particular nation. Drawing on the conceptual framework put forth by Barbara Rosenwein, it argues that the performance of these songs was conducive to the making of a (trans)national emotional community. On the one hand, for Greek left-wingers residing in West Germany and, after 1967, for Greek centrists too, the collective singing of music composed by Theodorakis initially served as a means of ‘overcoming fear’ and of forging committed militants who struggled for the social and political transformation of their country of origin. On the other, from the late 1960s onwards those migrants increasingly enacted this emotional community with local activists from West Germany as well.
2014-11-01T00:00:00ZPapadogiannis, NikolaosThis article examines the emotional standards and experiences connected with the entehno laiko music composed by Mikis Theodorakis that was immensely popular among left-wing Greek migrants, workers and students, living in West Germany in the 1960s and the early 1970s. Expanding on a body of literature that explores the transnational dimensions of protest movements in the 1960s and the 1970s, the article demonstrates that these transnational dimensions were not mutually exclusive with the fact that at least some of those protestors felt that they belonged to a particular nation. Drawing on the conceptual framework put forth by Barbara Rosenwein, it argues that the performance of these songs was conducive to the making of a (trans)national emotional community. On the one hand, for Greek left-wingers residing in West Germany and, after 1967, for Greek centrists too, the collective singing of music composed by Theodorakis initially served as a means of ‘overcoming fear’ and of forging committed militants who struggled for the social and political transformation of their country of origin. On the other, from the late 1960s onwards those migrants increasingly enacted this emotional community with local activists from West Germany as well.Social change in eleventh-century Armenia : the evidence from TaronGreenwood, Timothy Williamhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/75182018-03-31T23:41:52Z2016-05-02T00:00:00Z2016-05-02T00:00:00ZGreenwood, Timothy William'Imagined past, revealed present' : a reassessment of the History of Taron [Patmut'iwn Taronoy]Greenwood, Timothy Williamhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/73802018-01-07T03:12:17Z2014-09-01T00:00:00Z2014-09-01T00:00:00ZGreenwood, Timothy WilliamChina's war with Japan, 1937–1945 : the struggle for survivalLawson, Konrad Mitchellhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/73762018-03-31T23:36:38Z2014-09-01T00:00:00Z2014-09-01T00:00:00ZLawson, Konrad MitchellKeynes and the British academyWinch, Donaldhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/72152018-01-07T02:50:28Z2014-09-01T00:00:00ZThis account of Keynes's relationship with the British Academy begins with his early, perhaps premature, nomination as a Fellow and its sequel, an initial rejection by the Academy on political grounds in 1920. The event became linked with the failure of his professorial colleague at Cambridge, Arthur Cecil Pigou, to be elected until 1927 on grounds that Keynes regarded as equally discreditable to the Academy. It was certainly one of the less edifying examples of Cambridge infighting. But having relented in his original decision not to allow his name to be put forward again Keynes was elected in 1929. The article deals with Keynes's subsequent participation in the affairs of the Academy, especially his part in nominating Beatrice Webb, the first woman to be elected to the Academy in 1930; and his contrasting failure to secure the election of Joan Robinson in the 1940s. The article is based mainly on archival sources and makes use of material drawn from the Academy's archive on the section that housed economists and economic historians between its foundation in 1902 and Keynes's death as its chairman in 1946. The article concludes by contrasting the part Keynes played in the Academy with his more dominant role as secretary to the Royal Economic Society.
2014-09-01T00:00:00ZWinch, DonaldThis account of Keynes's relationship with the British Academy begins with his early, perhaps premature, nomination as a Fellow and its sequel, an initial rejection by the Academy on political grounds in 1920. The event became linked with the failure of his professorial colleague at Cambridge, Arthur Cecil Pigou, to be elected until 1927 on grounds that Keynes regarded as equally discreditable to the Academy. It was certainly one of the less edifying examples of Cambridge infighting. But having relented in his original decision not to allow his name to be put forward again Keynes was elected in 1929. The article deals with Keynes's subsequent participation in the affairs of the Academy, especially his part in nominating Beatrice Webb, the first woman to be elected to the Academy in 1930; and his contrasting failure to secure the election of Joan Robinson in the 1940s. The article is based mainly on archival sources and makes use of material drawn from the Academy's archive on the section that housed economists and economic historians between its foundation in 1902 and Keynes's death as its chairman in 1946. The article concludes by contrasting the part Keynes played in the Academy with his more dominant role as secretary to the Royal Economic Society.Kaj jeszcze konsek godajom po swojimu?Kamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/69682018-03-31T23:37:50Z2007-06-01T00:00:00Z2007-06-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikSchlonzska ostuda, abo polski wstyd?Kamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/69662018-04-19T23:32:45Z2007-07-01T00:00:00Z2007-07-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikFater łostali som w HaupieKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/69652018-03-31T23:37:48Z2007-08-01T00:00:00ZShort story in the Silesian language
2007-08-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikShort story in the Silesian languageDoŭnar, Larysa I. Historyia belaruskai knihi : vyuchebny dapamozhnikKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/69642018-03-31T23:37:38Z2015-01-01T00:00:00ZAn in-depth review of the Belarusian-language book, written in English and translated into Belarusian by Alesia Kaskevich-Siarhynchyk
2015-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikAn in-depth review of the Belarusian-language book, written in English and translated into Belarusian by Alesia Kaskevich-SiarhynchykŚlązacy a zasada jednego procenta : Nieuświadamiane mechanizmy polskiego nacjonalizmuKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/68792018-03-31T23:37:49Z2015-06-19T00:00:00Z2015-06-19T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikArmenian epigraphyGreenwood, Timothy Williamhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/66442018-03-31T23:41:29Z2014-01-01T00:00:00Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZGreenwood, Timothy WilliamSzkolne atlasy historyczneKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/64112018-03-31T23:35:56Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZNB: translated from the English into Polish by Michał Choptiany.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikA language that forgot itself : essay on the curious non-existence of German as a recognized minority language in today’s PolandKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/62202018-03-31T23:37:04Z2014-12-31T00:00:00ZThis essay draws on my almost three decades worth of research on the multiethnic and multilingual history of Upper Silesia during the last two centuries, when various ethnolinguistic nationalisms have radically altered the ethnic, political, demographic and linguistic shape of the region. I focus on the German minority that was recognized in Poland in the early 1990s. This recognition was extended to the German language. However, though in official statistics there are hundreds of schools with German, and bilingual signage amply dots the Upper Silesian landscape, neither in the region nor elsewhere in Poland is there a single, however small, locality where German would be the language of everyday communication. With this essay I attempt to explicate this irony of official recognition on the one hand, and the tacitly enforced non-existence on the ground, on the other hand.
2014-12-31T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikThis essay draws on my almost three decades worth of research on the multiethnic and multilingual history of Upper Silesia during the last two centuries, when various ethnolinguistic nationalisms have radically altered the ethnic, political, demographic and linguistic shape of the region. I focus on the German minority that was recognized in Poland in the early 1990s. This recognition was extended to the German language. However, though in official statistics there are hundreds of schools with German, and bilingual signage amply dots the Upper Silesian landscape, neither in the region nor elsewhere in Poland is there a single, however small, locality where German would be the language of everyday communication. With this essay I attempt to explicate this irony of official recognition on the one hand, and the tacitly enforced non-existence on the ground, on the other hand.Eleven encyclopedic entriesKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/61952018-03-31T23:42:39Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZEleven entries: Cold War (pp 88-84), East-West (142-144), Ethnic Cleansing (192-194), Ethnic Group (pp 195-197), Europe (pp 198-199), Languages (316-318), Nation(alism) (pp 342-343), North-South (pp 348-349), Stateless Nation (pp 427-429), State System (429-430), Umma (470-472). 2014. In: A N Chumakov, I I Mazour and W C Gay, eds. Global Studies Encyclopedic Dictionary (foreword by Mikhail Gorbachev) (Ser: Value Inquiry, Vol 276; Contemporary Russian Philosophy, Vol 2). Amsterdam: Rodopi.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikEleven entries: Cold War (pp 88-84), East-West (142-144), Ethnic Cleansing (192-194), Ethnic Group (pp 195-197), Europe (pp 198-199), Languages (316-318), Nation(alism) (pp 342-343), North-South (pp 348-349), Stateless Nation (pp 427-429), State System (429-430), Umma (470-472). 2014. In: A N Chumakov, I I Mazour and W C Gay, eds. Global Studies Encyclopedic Dictionary (foreword by Mikhail Gorbachev) (Ser: Value Inquiry, Vol 276; Contemporary Russian Philosophy, Vol 2). Amsterdam: Rodopi.A latent historiography? The case of psychiatry in Britain, 1500-1820Houston, Robert (Rab)http://hdl.handle.net/10023/61422018-01-07T02:36:28Z2014-03-01T00:00:00ZBoth empirically and interpretively, extant histories of psychiatry reveal a vastly greater degree of difference among themselves than historical accounts of any other field. Scholarship focuses on the period after 1800 and the same is true of historiographical reviews; those of early modern British psychiatry are often brief literature studies. This article sets out in depth the development of this rich and varied branch of history since the 1950s, exploring the many different approaches that have contributed to understanding the mad and how they were treated. Social, cultural, philosophical, religious, and intellectual historians have contributed as much as historians of science and medicine to understanding an enduring topic of fascination: ‘disorders of consciousness and conduct’ and their context. Appreciating the sometimes unacknowledged lineages of the subject and the personal histories of scholars (roots and routes) makes it easier to understand the past, present, and future of the history of psychiatry. The article explores European and North American influences as well as British traditions, looking at both the main currents of historiographical change and developments particular to the history of psychiatry.
2014-03-01T00:00:00ZHouston, Robert (Rab)Both empirically and interpretively, extant histories of psychiatry reveal a vastly greater degree of difference among themselves than historical accounts of any other field. Scholarship focuses on the period after 1800 and the same is true of historiographical reviews; those of early modern British psychiatry are often brief literature studies. This article sets out in depth the development of this rich and varied branch of history since the 1950s, exploring the many different approaches that have contributed to understanding the mad and how they were treated. Social, cultural, philosophical, religious, and intellectual historians have contributed as much as historians of science and medicine to understanding an enduring topic of fascination: ‘disorders of consciousness and conduct’ and their context. Appreciating the sometimes unacknowledged lineages of the subject and the personal histories of scholars (roots and routes) makes it easier to understand the past, present, and future of the history of psychiatry. The article explores European and North American influences as well as British traditions, looking at both the main currents of historiographical change and developments particular to the history of psychiatry.The Making of Modern JapanKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/60892018-03-31T23:35:50Z2014-02-01T00:00:00Z2014-02-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikPhilosophical Transactions : 350 years of publishing at the Royal Society (1665 – 2015)Fyfe, AileenMcDougall-Waters, JulieMoxham, Noah Josephhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/60582018-03-31T23:45:30Z2014-11-01T00:00:00ZThis commemorative brochure accompanies an exhibition at the Royal Society from December 2014 to June 2015, to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the Philosophical Transactions. The exhibition showcases the work being carried out by the ‘Publishing the Philosophical Transactions: the social, cultural and economic history of a learned journal, 1665 – 2015’ project. The project runs from 2013 to 2017, and is led by Aileen Fyfe at the University of St Andrews and funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (grant K001841/1). Researchers Noah Moxham and Julie McDougall-Waters are working in collaboration with the Royal Society’s library and publishing divisions to investigate the challenges and opportunities of scholarly publishing over the past 350 years.
2014-11-01T00:00:00ZFyfe, AileenMcDougall-Waters, JulieMoxham, Noah JosephThis commemorative brochure accompanies an exhibition at the Royal Society from December 2014 to June 2015, to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the Philosophical Transactions. The exhibition showcases the work being carried out by the ‘Publishing the Philosophical Transactions: the social, cultural and economic history of a learned journal, 1665 – 2015’ project. The project runs from 2013 to 2017, and is led by Aileen Fyfe at the University of St Andrews and funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (grant K001841/1). Researchers Noah Moxham and Julie McDougall-Waters are working in collaboration with the Royal Society’s library and publishing divisions to investigate the challenges and opportunities of scholarly publishing over the past 350 years.Demokracja demokracją, ale nacjonalizm w Polsce ponad wszystkoKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/60332018-03-31T23:36:52Z2014-12-08T00:00:00ZA comment on the recent decision of the Joint Commission of the Minorities and the Sejm (Polish Parliament) not to recommend recognizing the Silesians as an ethnic group, despite the fact that according to all the postcommunist censuses they are the largest ethnic / national minority in today's Poland.
2014-12-08T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikA comment on the recent decision of the Joint Commission of the Minorities and the Sejm (Polish Parliament) not to recommend recognizing the Silesians as an ethnic group, despite the fact that according to all the postcommunist censuses they are the largest ethnic / national minority in today's Poland.The long shadow of borders : the cases of Kashubian and Silesian in PolandKamusella, Tomasz DominikNomachi, Motokihttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/59362018-03-31T23:36:53Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZPoland was established as a nation-state in 1918. The state’s administration embarked on the policy of ethnolinguistic homogenization in the interwar period, because one-third of the population was seen as ethnolinguistically non-Polish. The Polish borders and territory were dramatically altered as a result of World War II, and the country became a member of the Soviet bloc. The concomitant genocide and ethnic cleansing yielded an almost ethnolinguistically homogenous Poland. After the end of communism, the German minority, whose existence had been denied, was finally recognized. In preparation for accession into the European Union (EU), Poland worked out, as required, a system of minority rights protection. However, it did not cover contemporary Poland’s largest minority, the Silesians. Additionally, the system was constructed in such a manner that the acknowledged linguistic difference of a similar group of Kashubs stopped short of recognizing them as a minority. It appears that in Poland the need for protecting minorities is felt to be an imposition of the West, or the old EU, which was not obliged to observe such provisions itself. In its de jure observance of minority rights provisions, de facto, the Polish state administration seems to endeavor to limit such provisions as much as possible, alongside the number of Polish citizens entitled to them. Hence, it may be proposed that the ongoing project of ethnolinguiustic homogenization continues to be the ideological backbone of national statehood legitimation in today’s Poland.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikNomachi, MotokiPoland was established as a nation-state in 1918. The state’s administration embarked on the policy of ethnolinguistic homogenization in the interwar period, because one-third of the population was seen as ethnolinguistically non-Polish. The Polish borders and territory were dramatically altered as a result of World War II, and the country became a member of the Soviet bloc. The concomitant genocide and ethnic cleansing yielded an almost ethnolinguistically homogenous Poland. After the end of communism, the German minority, whose existence had been denied, was finally recognized. In preparation for accession into the European Union (EU), Poland worked out, as required, a system of minority rights protection. However, it did not cover contemporary Poland’s largest minority, the Silesians. Additionally, the system was constructed in such a manner that the acknowledged linguistic difference of a similar group of Kashubs stopped short of recognizing them as a minority. It appears that in Poland the need for protecting minorities is felt to be an imposition of the West, or the old EU, which was not obliged to observe such provisions itself. In its de jure observance of minority rights provisions, de facto, the Polish state administration seems to endeavor to limit such provisions as much as possible, alongside the number of Polish citizens entitled to them. Hence, it may be proposed that the ongoing project of ethnolinguiustic homogenization continues to be the ideological backbone of national statehood legitimation in today’s Poland.The reception of William Paley's Natural Theology in the University of CambridgeFyfe, Aileenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/57842018-01-07T02:32:49Z1997-09-01T00:00:00Z1997-09-01T00:00:00ZFyfe, AileenThe Ends and Futures of Bede's 'De temporum ratione'Palmer, James Trevorhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/57812018-03-31T23:41:32Z2014-11-01T00:00:00Z2014-11-01T00:00:00ZPalmer, James TrevorCopyrights and competition : producing and protecting children's books in the nineteenth centuryFyfe, Aileenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/57672018-03-31T23:34:08Z1999-01-01T00:00:00Z1999-01-01T00:00:00ZFyfe, AileenAn Army in Exile : Louis XIV and the Irish Forces of James II in France, 1691-1698Rowlands, Guy Roberthttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/56802018-03-31T23:32:56Z2001-11-01T00:00:00Z2001-11-01T00:00:00ZRowlands, Guy RobertReading children's books in late eighteenth-century dissenting familiesFyfe, Aileenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/56532018-03-31T23:34:07Z2000-06-01T00:00:00ZThe eighteenth-century commodifications of childhood and the sciences overlapped in the production of science books for children. This article examines a children's book written by two members of the Unitarian circle around Warrington Academy in the 1790s, and contrasts it with a Church of England work. The analysis reveals the extent to which religious differences could affect parental attitudes to the natural world, reason, the uses of the sciences, and the appropriate way to read and discuss books. Although the sciences were admitted as suitable for children, the issues of the subjects to be chosen, the purposes they were intended for, and the pedagogical methods by which they were presented, were still contested. This article also goes beyond the usual studies of children's books by focusing on non-fiction, and by emphasizing readers and use, rather than authors or publishers. Yet producing a history of reading based entirely on actual readers will be exceedingly difficult, so this article suggests an alternative, by combining accounts of actual reader's experiences with attitudes towards practice like orality and discussion.
2000-06-01T00:00:00ZFyfe, AileenThe eighteenth-century commodifications of childhood and the sciences overlapped in the production of science books for children. This article examines a children's book written by two members of the Unitarian circle around Warrington Academy in the 1790s, and contrasts it with a Church of England work. The analysis reveals the extent to which religious differences could affect parental attitudes to the natural world, reason, the uses of the sciences, and the appropriate way to read and discuss books. Although the sciences were admitted as suitable for children, the issues of the subjects to be chosen, the purposes they were intended for, and the pedagogical methods by which they were presented, were still contested. This article also goes beyond the usual studies of children's books by focusing on non-fiction, and by emphasizing readers and use, rather than authors or publishers. Yet producing a history of reading based entirely on actual readers will be exceedingly difficult, so this article suggests an alternative, by combining accounts of actual reader's experiences with attitudes towards practice like orality and discussion.A language that forgot itselfKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/55792018-03-31T23:36:44Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZIn this essay, as a background, I reflect on how the German language was liquidated in post-1945 Poland’s region of Upper Silesia where nowadays the country’s German minority is concentrated. But the main focus is on the irony that neither this language, nor a genuine German minority education system has been revived during the last quarter of a century that has elapsed since the fall of communism in 1989, despite promises to the contrary.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikIn this essay, as a background, I reflect on how the German language was liquidated in post-1945 Poland’s region of Upper Silesia where nowadays the country’s German minority is concentrated. But the main focus is on the irony that neither this language, nor a genuine German minority education system has been revived during the last quarter of a century that has elapsed since the fall of communism in 1989, despite promises to the contrary.Jolanta Tambor, Oberschlesien: Sprache und Identität [Upper Silesia: Language and Identity]Kamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/55762018-03-31T23:36:42Z2014-01-01T00:00:00Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikSnježana Kordić, Jezik i nacjonalizam [Language and Nationalism]Kamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/55712018-03-31T23:36:42Z2012-01-01T00:00:00Z2012-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikDaily life in the Mongol EmpireDe Nicola, Brunohttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/55392018-03-31T23:36:38Z2008-02-01T00:00:00Z2008-02-01T00:00:00ZDe Nicola, BrunoMedieval Arabic Historiography: Authors as ActorsDe Nicola, Brunohttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/55372018-03-31T23:36:39Z2010-01-01T00:00:00Z2010-01-01T00:00:00ZDe Nicola, BrunoLas mujeres mongolas en los siglos XII y XIII. : Un análisis sobre el rol de la madre y la esposa de Ghinggis KhanDe Nicola, Brunohttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/55362018-03-31T23:36:40Z2008-01-01T00:00:00ZAlthough the history of the Mongol Empire has caught the attention of scholars since the beginning of 20th century, little research has been done on gender relationships among these nomads. The present article is focus on revising the role of women within the traditional medieval Mongol society. In order to do so, the paper is structured in two main areas of study. Firstly, it summarizes different general patterns of female role in the Mongol Empire. Interpretations on this matter have been obtained mostly from a variety of primary sources. On one hand, the writings of the Christian monks William of Rubruck and Juan Piano de Carpini are the most valuable western sources on the daily life of Medieval Mongols. On the other, the use of the major Persian and Chinese chroniclers is required to acquire a better understanding of the female role in Mongol society. The second part of the article focuses on the role of the mother (Hu’elun) and the wife (Börte) of Chinggis Khan. Throughout the analysis of the Mongolian source known as The Secret History of the Mongols, I have tried to underline the influential role played by these women during the early life of the great conqueror. Finally, this article has the aim of contributing to the slowly, but steady, emergence of research on Oriental Studies in Spanish Academia.
2008-01-01T00:00:00ZDe Nicola, BrunoAlthough the history of the Mongol Empire has caught the attention of scholars since the beginning of 20th century, little research has been done on gender relationships among these nomads. The present article is focus on revising the role of women within the traditional medieval Mongol society. In order to do so, the paper is structured in two main areas of study. Firstly, it summarizes different general patterns of female role in the Mongol Empire. Interpretations on this matter have been obtained mostly from a variety of primary sources. On one hand, the writings of the Christian monks William of Rubruck and Juan Piano de Carpini are the most valuable western sources on the daily life of Medieval Mongols. On the other, the use of the major Persian and Chinese chroniclers is required to acquire a better understanding of the female role in Mongol society. The second part of the article focuses on the role of the mother (Hu’elun) and the wife (Börte) of Chinggis Khan. Throughout the analysis of the Mongolian source known as The Secret History of the Mongols, I have tried to underline the influential role played by these women during the early life of the great conqueror. Finally, this article has the aim of contributing to the slowly, but steady, emergence of research on Oriental Studies in Spanish Academia.Palaces, Itineraries and Political Order in the Post-Carolingian KingdomsMacLean, Simonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/55222018-03-31T23:42:26Z2014-01-01T00:00:00Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZMacLean, SimonHow the squirrel became a squgg : The long history of a children’s bookFyfe, Aileenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/53832018-03-31T23:34:09Z1999-01-01T00:00:00Z1999-01-01T00:00:00ZFyfe, AileenFrom Jacobitism to the SNP: the Crown, the Union and the Scottish Question (Stenton Lecture 2013)Kidd, Colin Craighttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/53362018-03-31T23:48:07Z2014-02-14T00:00:00ZRevised Stenton Lecture 2013, University of Reading web publication, 2014; Lecture
2014-02-14T00:00:00ZKidd, Colin CraigDlaczego nie wracająKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/51362018-03-31T23:36:14Z2014-01-01T00:00:00Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikConscientious workmen or booksellers' hacks? : the professional identities of science writers in the mid-nineteenth centuryFyfe, Aileenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/50852018-01-07T02:32:47Z2005-06-01T00:00:00ZExisting scholarship on the debates over expertise in mid-nineteenth-century Britain has demonstrated the importance of popular writings on the sciences to definitions of scientific authority. Yet while men of science might position themselves in opposition to the stereotype of the merely popular writer, the self-identity of the popular writer remained ambiguous. This essay examines the careers of William Charles Linnaeus Martin (1798-1864) and Thomas Milner (1808-ca. 1883) and places them in the context of others who made their living by writing works on the sciences for the general reader. Martin wrote on zoology and Milner moved between astronomy, geology, and geography. The essay unravels the close but ambivalent relationship between the professions of authorship and of science and highlights writing as another aspect of scientific practice. Both writers were moderately financially successful, but Martin's sense of failure and Milner's satisfaction reflect their contrasting images of their professional identity.
2005-06-01T00:00:00ZFyfe, AileenExisting scholarship on the debates over expertise in mid-nineteenth-century Britain has demonstrated the importance of popular writings on the sciences to definitions of scientific authority. Yet while men of science might position themselves in opposition to the stereotype of the merely popular writer, the self-identity of the popular writer remained ambiguous. This essay examines the careers of William Charles Linnaeus Martin (1798-1864) and Thomas Milner (1808-ca. 1883) and places them in the context of others who made their living by writing works on the sciences for the general reader. Martin wrote on zoology and Milner moved between astronomy, geology, and geography. The essay unravels the close but ambivalent relationship between the professions of authorship and of science and highlights writing as another aspect of scientific practice. Both writers were moderately financially successful, but Martin's sense of failure and Milner's satisfaction reflect their contrasting images of their professional identity.Commerce and philanthropy : the Religious Tract Society and the business of publishingFyfe, Aileenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/50842018-01-07T02:32:50Z2004-01-01T00:00:00Z2004-01-01T00:00:00ZFyfe, AileenPublishing and the classics : Paley's Natural theology and the nineteenth-century scientific canonFyfe, Aileenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/50832018-01-07T02:32:48Z2002-12-01T00:00:00ZThis article seeks a new way to conceptualise, the 'classic' work in the history of science, and suggests that the use of publishing history might help avoid the antagonism which surrounded the literary canon wars. It concentrates on the widely acknowledged concept that the key to the classic work is the fact of its being read over a prolonged period of time. Continued reading implies that a work is able to remain relevant to later generations of readers, and, although some of this depends upon the openness of the original text, much more depends on the actions of subsequent publishers and editors in repackaging the work for later audiences. This is illustrated through an examination of the long publishing history of William Paley's Natural theology (1802). Over the course of the century, Natural theology was read as a work of gentlemanly natural theology, as a work which could be used in a formal or informal education in science, and as a work of Christian apologetic. These transformations occurred because of the actions of the later publishers and editors who had to make the work suit the current interests of the literary marketplace. Comparisons are made to Constitution of man, Vestiges of the natural history of creation and Origin of species. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
2002-12-01T00:00:00ZFyfe, AileenThis article seeks a new way to conceptualise, the 'classic' work in the history of science, and suggests that the use of publishing history might help avoid the antagonism which surrounded the literary canon wars. It concentrates on the widely acknowledged concept that the key to the classic work is the fact of its being read over a prolonged period of time. Continued reading implies that a work is able to remain relevant to later generations of readers, and, although some of this depends upon the openness of the original text, much more depends on the actions of subsequent publishers and editors in repackaging the work for later audiences. This is illustrated through an examination of the long publishing history of William Paley's Natural theology (1802). Over the course of the century, Natural theology was read as a work of gentlemanly natural theology, as a work which could be used in a formal or informal education in science, and as a work of Christian apologetic. These transformations occurred because of the actions of the later publishers and editors who had to make the work suit the current interests of the literary marketplace. Comparisons are made to Constitution of man, Vestiges of the natural history of creation and Origin of species. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Custom in context : Medieval and Early Modern Scotland and EnglandHouston, Robert (Rab)http://hdl.handle.net/10023/46802018-01-07T02:31:45Z2011-05-01T00:00:00ZStudying custom and its context gives unique insights into relations of property, production and law in a society. The first part of the article discusses meaning in Scotland, focusing on ‘custom as normative practice, custom as unwritten law, and custom in opposition to law’. The second seeks to demonstrate (using evidence focusing principally on landholding) that custom as legal currency was more restricted for Scots than English. The third sets out the implications for continuity of landholding and for agrarian change in the Highlands of Scotland, an area where custom might be thought strong. The fourth deals with the differential legal development of Scotland and England between the twelfth and eighteenth centuries and its effects on social and tenurial relationships. A final section suggests why custom mattered more as a resource to the English, the domains in which it was important to Scots and the implications for understanding the comparative development of the two societies since the Middle Ages.
2011-05-01T00:00:00ZHouston, Robert (Rab)Studying custom and its context gives unique insights into relations of property, production and law in a society. The first part of the article discusses meaning in Scotland, focusing on ‘custom as normative practice, custom as unwritten law, and custom in opposition to law’. The second seeks to demonstrate (using evidence focusing principally on landholding) that custom as legal currency was more restricted for Scots than English. The third sets out the implications for continuity of landholding and for agrarian change in the Highlands of Scotland, an area where custom might be thought strong. The fourth deals with the differential legal development of Scotland and England between the twelfth and eighteenth centuries and its effects on social and tenurial relationships. A final section suggests why custom mattered more as a resource to the English, the domains in which it was important to Scots and the implications for understanding the comparative development of the two societies since the Middle Ages.Chuo Yo-roppa no rekishi to seiji ni okeru gengoKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/45852018-03-31T23:35:11Z2013-01-01T00:00:00ZArticle translated from the English into Japanese by Satoshi Warita
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikArticle translated from the English into Japanese by Satoshi WaritaDr Kamusella o wyroku w sprawie SONŚ : Polska krajem tolerancjiKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/45672018-03-31T23:35:55Z2014-03-10T00:00:00Z2014-03-10T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikThe Phillipsonian EnlightenmentKidd, Colin Craighttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/45582018-03-18T01:32:56Z2014-04-01T00:00:00Z2014-04-01T00:00:00ZKidd, Colin CraigUniversal Crime, Particular Punishment : Trying the Atrocities of the Japanese Occupation as Treason in the Philippines, 1947-1953Lawson, Konrad Mitchellhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/45012018-03-31T23:35:49Z2013-12-01T00:00:00ZNach dem Ende der japanischen Besatzung der Philippinen 1945 wurden dort Prozesse zur Verfolgung von Kriegsverbrechen und von Landesverrat initiiert. Während im ersten Fall eine universalistische Kategorie von Verbrechen zur Strafe stand, ging es im zweiten Fall meist um den Verrat an der Nation, die als Opfer definiert wurde. Im Januar 1948 erklärte Manuel Roxas eine Präsidialamnestie für alle des Landesverrats Beschuldigten mit Ausnahme von Kollaborateuren aus dem Militär und der Polizei, Spionen, Informanten und gewalttätiger Verbrechen Beschuldigter. Die meisten der Fälle von Landesverrat, die diese Amnestie nicht umfasste, betrafen Personen, die Formen von Gräuel begangen hatte, die in Prozessen gegen Japaner als Kriegsverbrechen eingestuft wurden. Dieser Artikel untersucht den Prozess der gerichtlichen Aufarbeitung von Gewaltverbrechen und sexueller Gewalt, meist begangen durch Kollaborateure aus dem Militär und der Polizei, in den Philippinen nach 1945 gemäß dem Gesetz gegen Verrat. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, inwiefern - ungeachtet der Tatsache, dass die Kriegsverbrecherprozesse der frühen Nachkriegszeit den Erwartungen in vielerlei Form nicht entsprachen - die alternative Kategorisierung von Brutalität im Krieg als Landesverrat nicht auch hochproblematisch war.
2013-12-01T00:00:00ZLawson, Konrad MitchellNach dem Ende der japanischen Besatzung der Philippinen 1945 wurden dort Prozesse zur Verfolgung von Kriegsverbrechen und von Landesverrat initiiert. Während im ersten Fall eine universalistische Kategorie von Verbrechen zur Strafe stand, ging es im zweiten Fall meist um den Verrat an der Nation, die als Opfer definiert wurde. Im Januar 1948 erklärte Manuel Roxas eine Präsidialamnestie für alle des Landesverrats Beschuldigten mit Ausnahme von Kollaborateuren aus dem Militär und der Polizei, Spionen, Informanten und gewalttätiger Verbrechen Beschuldigter. Die meisten der Fälle von Landesverrat, die diese Amnestie nicht umfasste, betrafen Personen, die Formen von Gräuel begangen hatte, die in Prozessen gegen Japaner als Kriegsverbrechen eingestuft wurden. Dieser Artikel untersucht den Prozess der gerichtlichen Aufarbeitung von Gewaltverbrechen und sexueller Gewalt, meist begangen durch Kollaborateure aus dem Militär und der Polizei, in den Philippinen nach 1945 gemäß dem Gesetz gegen Verrat. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, inwiefern - ungeachtet der Tatsache, dass die Kriegsverbrecherprozesse der frühen Nachkriegszeit den Erwartungen in vielerlei Form nicht entsprachen - die alternative Kategorisierung von Brutalität im Krieg als Landesverrat nicht auch hochproblematisch war.Wyłanianie się grup narodowych i etnicznych na Śląsku w okresie 1848-1918Kamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/44572018-03-31T23:35:48Z2000-01-01T00:00:00Z2000-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikTsentralnaia Evropa s lingvisticheskoi tochki zreniiaKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/44562018-03-31T23:35:47Z2009-01-01T00:00:00Z2009-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikCentral Europe from a Linguistic ViewpointKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/44552018-03-31T23:35:46Z2010-01-01T00:00:00Z(pp 22-30). 2010. Age of Globalization. No 2. Moscow: Russian Philosophical Society and Volgograd: Izdatelstvo “Uchitel.”
2010-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikNowe technologie informatyczne i twardy świat połowicznej globalizacjiKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/44542018-03-31T23:35:46Z2000-01-01T00:00:00Z2000-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikMaking a difference in tenth-century politics : King Athelstan's sisters and Frankish queenshipMacLean, Simonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/44422018-03-31T23:41:00Z2008-01-01T00:00:00Z2008-01-01T00:00:00ZMacLean, SimonCommon values for the European Union : a view from a candidate stateKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/44182018-03-31T23:42:12Z2004-01-01T00:00:00Z2004-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikOblicza Górnego ŚląskaKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/44172018-03-31T23:35:41Z1998-01-01T00:00:00Z1998-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikGeneza i anatomia wysiedleń przeprowadzonych na Górnym Śląsku w końcowym stadium i po zakończeniu II wojny światowejKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/44162018-03-31T23:42:01Z1996-01-01T00:00:00Z1996-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikPotrzeby szkoleniowe administracji rządowej i samorządowej na poziomie regionu w aspekcie postępującej integracji z Unia EuropejskąKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/44152018-03-31T23:35:40Z1999-01-01T00:00:00Z1999-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikPerspektywy rozwojowe regionu Śląska OpolskiegoKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/44142018-03-31T23:35:40Z1999-01-01T00:00:00Z1999-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikGłówne wyzwania stojące przed Regionem Śląsk Opolski w kontekście postępującej integracji europejskiejKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/43852018-03-31T23:35:39Z1998-01-01T00:00:00Z1998-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikSubsydiarność jako podstawowa zasada integracji europejskiejKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/43842018-03-31T23:35:39Z1998-01-01T00:00:00Z1998-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikIntegracja europejska a Śląsk OpolskiKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/43832018-03-31T23:35:38Z1997-01-01T00:00:00Z1997-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikW przeddzień rozpoczęcia negocjacji członkowskich z Unią EuropejskąKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/43822018-03-31T23:35:37Z1997-01-01T00:00:00Z1997-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikThe Polish-English-German Glossary of the Regional Terminology of the Opole Voivodeship / Polsko-angielsko-niemiecki glosariusz regionalny Województwa OpolskiegoKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/43712018-03-31T23:45:13Z2004-01-01T00:00:00Z2004-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikThe Dynamics of the Policies of Ethnic Cleansing in Silesia in the Nineteenth and Twentieth CenturiesKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/43692018-03-31T23:45:13Z1999-01-01T00:00:00Z1999-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikDlaczego Polacy nie wracająKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/43042018-03-31T23:35:34Z2013-01-01T00:00:00Z2013-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikGli ordini mendicanti tra peste nera ed OsservanzeAndrews, Franceshttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/43012018-03-31T23:33:33Z2009-01-01T00:00:00ZISBN:9788864340104
2009-01-01T00:00:00ZAndrews, FrancesCharles the Fat and the Viking Great Army : The Military Explanation for the End of the Carolingian EmpireMacLean, Simonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/42212018-03-31T23:32:51Z1998-01-01T00:00:00Z1998-01-01T00:00:00ZMacLean, Simon"After his death great tribulation came to Italy…" Dynastic politics and aristocratic factions after the death of Louis II, c.870-c.890MacLean, Simonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/42202018-03-31T23:32:58Z2007-01-01T00:00:00Z2007-01-01T00:00:00ZMacLean, SimonReform, Queenship and the End of the World in Tenth-Century France : Adso’s "Letter on the Origin and Time of the Antichrist" reconsideredMacLean, Simonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/42192018-03-31T23:32:59Z2008-01-01T00:00:00Z2008-01-01T00:00:00ZMacLean, SimonQueenship, Nunneries and Royal Widowhood in Carolingian EuropeMacLean, Simonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/42182018-03-31T23:32:50Z2003-02-01T00:00:00Z2003-02-01T00:00:00ZMacLean, SimonExploring heritage through time and space : Supporting community reflection on the highland clearancesMcCaffery, John PhilipMiller, Alan Henry DavidKennedy, Sarah ElizabethDawson, TomVermehren, AnnaLefley, CStrickland, Khttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/41922018-01-07T03:11:34Z2013-10-01T00:00:00ZOn the two hundredth anniversary of the Kildonan clearances, when people were forcibly removed from their homes, the Timespan Heritage centre has created a program of community centred work aimed at challenging pre conceptions and encouraging reflection on this important historical process. This paper explores the innovative ways in which virtual world technology has facilitated community engagement, enhanced visualisation and encouraged reflection as part of this program. An installation where users navigate through a reconstruction of pre clearance Caen township is controlled through natural gestures and presented on a 300 inch six megapixel screen. This environment allows users to experience the past in new ways. The platform has value as an effective way for an educator, artist or hobbyist to create large scale virtual environments using off the shelf hardware and open source software. The result is an exhibit that also serves as a platform for experimentation into innovative ways of community co-creation and co-curation.
2013-10-01T00:00:00ZMcCaffery, John PhilipMiller, Alan Henry DavidKennedy, Sarah ElizabethDawson, TomVermehren, AnnaLefley, CStrickland, KOn the two hundredth anniversary of the Kildonan clearances, when people were forcibly removed from their homes, the Timespan Heritage centre has created a program of community centred work aimed at challenging pre conceptions and encouraging reflection on this important historical process. This paper explores the innovative ways in which virtual world technology has facilitated community engagement, enhanced visualisation and encouraged reflection as part of this program. An installation where users navigate through a reconstruction of pre clearance Caen township is controlled through natural gestures and presented on a 300 inch six megapixel screen. This environment allows users to experience the past in new ways. The platform has value as an effective way for an educator, artist or hobbyist to create large scale virtual environments using off the shelf hardware and open source software. The result is an exhibit that also serves as a platform for experimentation into innovative ways of community co-creation and co-curation.Digitally enhanced community rescue archaeologyDawson, TomOliver, Iain AngusMiller, Alan Henry DavidVermehren, AnnaKennedy, Sarah Elizabethhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/41892018-01-26T00:31:53Z2013-10-01T00:00:00ZCoastal erosion is causing the destruction of archaeological sites around the world. The problem is particularly grave in Scotland, where storms can cause many meters of land to be lost in a single event. Archaeological researchers from the University of St Andrews and the SCAPE Trust have worked with community groups to excavate sites before they are destroyed. Video was used to record the progress of the community rescue digs and interviews conducted with local group members. Additionally, photographs and artwork augmented the archaeological record, resulting in a wealth of information about the sites and the process of excavation. The data has been used to make reconstructions of the sites as they were in the past. Visitors control avatars to explore the virtual worlds and to access videos, photographs, laser scans, 3D models and historic documents. This innovative approach to heritage interpretation allows the public to see the evidence behind reconstructions and to learn about the process of archaeological enquiry. For example, clicking on a plate of food reveals a summary of the environmental report which provided the evidence for diet. This allows an archaeological site report to be presented in a 3D environment, with various layers of information accessible to the explorer. The group have set up their first installation in a dedicated room at Timespan Museum, Helmsdale. The evidence for the reconstruction comes from the sixteenth century Brora salt pan, excavated between 2007 and 2011 and destroyed in a storm in 2012 as well as the neighbouring township of Caen. Users manoeuvre the avatar either through a game controller or by body gestures recognised by a motion sensor. Multiple screens have been used to present a wraparound and immersive experience. The systems are built using OpenSource software and commodity hardware. They are designed to enable content to be augmented by non-technical specialists and allows cultural organisations and their participating audiences to create professional quality immersive environments at relatively low cost, and to develop their own interpretations of history and link them to wider narratives. In this way local communities are empowered to engage in the construction and transmission of their cultural heritage.
2013-10-01T00:00:00ZDawson, TomOliver, Iain AngusMiller, Alan Henry DavidVermehren, AnnaKennedy, Sarah ElizabethCoastal erosion is causing the destruction of archaeological sites around the world. The problem is particularly grave in Scotland, where storms can cause many meters of land to be lost in a single event. Archaeological researchers from the University of St Andrews and the SCAPE Trust have worked with community groups to excavate sites before they are destroyed. Video was used to record the progress of the community rescue digs and interviews conducted with local group members. Additionally, photographs and artwork augmented the archaeological record, resulting in a wealth of information about the sites and the process of excavation. The data has been used to make reconstructions of the sites as they were in the past. Visitors control avatars to explore the virtual worlds and to access videos, photographs, laser scans, 3D models and historic documents. This innovative approach to heritage interpretation allows the public to see the evidence behind reconstructions and to learn about the process of archaeological enquiry. For example, clicking on a plate of food reveals a summary of the environmental report which provided the evidence for diet. This allows an archaeological site report to be presented in a 3D environment, with various layers of information accessible to the explorer. The group have set up their first installation in a dedicated room at Timespan Museum, Helmsdale. The evidence for the reconstruction comes from the sixteenth century Brora salt pan, excavated between 2007 and 2011 and destroyed in a storm in 2012 as well as the neighbouring township of Caen. Users manoeuvre the avatar either through a game controller or by body gestures recognised by a motion sensor. Multiple screens have been used to present a wraparound and immersive experience. The systems are built using OpenSource software and commodity hardware. They are designed to enable content to be augmented by non-technical specialists and allows cultural organisations and their participating audiences to create professional quality immersive environments at relatively low cost, and to develop their own interpretations of history and link them to wider narratives. In this way local communities are empowered to engage in the construction and transmission of their cultural heritage.Erosion and coastal archaeology : Evaluating the threat and prioritising actionDawson, Tomhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/41832018-03-31T23:42:12Z2013-01-01T00:00:00ZThe archaeology of coastal regions is rich and varied, but is facing increasing pressures from natural processes. Regardless of how the climate may change in the future, many coastal archaeological sites are threatened by erosion now. In order to manage this resource, it is essential to identify both sites and vulnerable stretches of coast. This paper introduces the Scottish situation and discusses recent approaches taken in Scotland, where a methodology has been developed that is applicable to all coastal areas. The first stage of the approach has been to undertake desk-based and field surveys in order to identify what is at risk and to gauge its vulnerability. The next stage has been to produce and review recommended actions for vulnerable sites. Finally, a shortlist of sites has been produced that prioritises actions according to the importance and level of threat posed to individual sites. Looking ahead, a new project will seek to further refine this shortlist by harnessing public opinion and local knowledge in order to ensure that action is taken at sites valued both by archaeologists and the wider public.
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZDawson, TomThe archaeology of coastal regions is rich and varied, but is facing increasing pressures from natural processes. Regardless of how the climate may change in the future, many coastal archaeological sites are threatened by erosion now. In order to manage this resource, it is essential to identify both sites and vulnerable stretches of coast. This paper introduces the Scottish situation and discusses recent approaches taken in Scotland, where a methodology has been developed that is applicable to all coastal areas. The first stage of the approach has been to undertake desk-based and field surveys in order to identify what is at risk and to gauge its vulnerability. The next stage has been to produce and review recommended actions for vulnerable sites. Finally, a shortlist of sites has been produced that prioritises actions according to the importance and level of threat posed to individual sites. Looking ahead, a new project will seek to further refine this shortlist by harnessing public opinion and local knowledge in order to ensure that action is taken at sites valued both by archaeologists and the wider public.Insinuation, censorship and the struggle for late Carolingian Lotharingia in Regino of Prum's ChronicleMacLean, Simonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/41792018-01-07T01:30:52Z2009-01-01T00:00:00ZRegino of Prüm's Chronicle, completed in the year 908, is one of the most important narrative sources for the history of the later Carolingian Empire, and contains the best contemporary account of its collapse in 888. Regino was not a detached observer of events, but a political actor whose career was profoundly affected by the turbulence of post-imperial politics. This article seeks to demonstrate how the text and its author's own career cannot be understood independently of one another. Through an analysis of Regino's rhetorical strategies (particularly insinuation, juxtaposition and self-censorship) I attempt to cast new light on the construction of the later sections of this important chronicle. At the same time, by interrogating the work as a source for its author's own life (and in particular his forcible ejection from Prüm in 899) I use it to draw out broader conclusions about the conduct of politics during the scramble for the Carolingian heartland of Lotharingia at the end of the ninth century.
2009-01-01T00:00:00ZMacLean, SimonRegino of Prüm's Chronicle, completed in the year 908, is one of the most important narrative sources for the history of the later Carolingian Empire, and contains the best contemporary account of its collapse in 888. Regino was not a detached observer of events, but a political actor whose career was profoundly affected by the turbulence of post-imperial politics. This article seeks to demonstrate how the text and its author's own career cannot be understood independently of one another. Through an analysis of Regino's rhetorical strategies (particularly insinuation, juxtaposition and self-censorship) I attempt to cast new light on the construction of the later sections of this important chronicle. At the same time, by interrogating the work as a source for its author's own life (and in particular his forcible ejection from Prüm in 899) I use it to draw out broader conclusions about the conduct of politics during the scramble for the Carolingian heartland of Lotharingia at the end of the ninth century.Legislation and politics in late Carolingian Italy : the Ravenna constitutionsMacLean, Simonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/41772018-01-07T02:30:36Z2010-11-01T00:00:00Z2010-11-01T00:00:00ZMacLean, SimonShadow Kingdom : Lotharingia and the Frankish World, c.850-c.1050MacLean, Simonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/41762018-03-31T23:35:21Z2013-06-01T00:00:00Z2013-06-01T00:00:00ZMacLean, SimonRecycling the Franks in Twelfth-Century England : Regino of Prüm, the Monks of Durham, and the Alexandrine SchismMacLean, Simonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/41752018-01-07T02:36:45Z2012-07-01T00:00:00ZIn the Middle Ages, even more so than today, history writing could be an act of political engagement. In an era without formal representation, the ability to persuade audiences of particular views of the past could be a significant weapon for those seeking to gain rhetorical leverage in political disputes. Yet “useful” history could be compiled from existing works as well as written from scratch. Because of the technologies of transmission in the age before printing, texts were essentially unstable: even authoritative works were vulnerable to editing and repackaging by copyists in ways that could fundamentally alter their original meanings. Moreover, because of the organization of manuscript production, historical compilations were more likely to reflect the views of communities rather than individual authors. Modern historians have observed that the Carolingian and Anglo-Norman periods, both of which witnessed a revival of interest in the writing of new history, also saw surges in the production of historical compilations that functioned as responses to high-level political events and contributed to the formation of social identities.
2012-07-01T00:00:00ZMacLean, SimonIn the Middle Ages, even more so than today, history writing could be an act of political engagement. In an era without formal representation, the ability to persuade audiences of particular views of the past could be a significant weapon for those seeking to gain rhetorical leverage in political disputes. Yet “useful” history could be compiled from existing works as well as written from scratch. Because of the technologies of transmission in the age before printing, texts were essentially unstable: even authoritative works were vulnerable to editing and repackaging by copyists in ways that could fundamentally alter their original meanings. Moreover, because of the organization of manuscript production, historical compilations were more likely to reflect the views of communities rather than individual authors. Modern historians have observed that the Carolingian and Anglo-Norman periods, both of which witnessed a revival of interest in the writing of new history, also saw surges in the production of historical compilations that functioned as responses to high-level political events and contributed to the formation of social identities.Germanization, Polonization, and Russification in the partitioned lands of Poland-LithuaniaKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/40552018-01-07T02:40:33Z2013-09-01T00:00:00ZTwo main myths constitute the founding basis of popular Polish ethnic nationalism. First, that Poland-Lithuania was an early Poland, and second, that the partitioning powers at all times unwaveringly pursued policies of Germanization and Russification. In the former case, the myth appropriates a common past today shared by Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine. In the latter case, Polonization is written out of the picture entirely, as also are variations and changes in the polices of Germanization and Russification. Taken together, the two myths to a large degree obscure (and even falsify) the past, making comprehension of it difficult, if not impossible. This article seeks to disentangle the knots of anachronisms that underlie the Polish national master narrative, in order to present a clearer picture of the interplay between the policies of Germanization, Polonization and Russification as they unfolded in the lands of the partitioned Poland-Lithuania during the long 19th century.
2013-09-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikTwo main myths constitute the founding basis of popular Polish ethnic nationalism. First, that Poland-Lithuania was an early Poland, and second, that the partitioning powers at all times unwaveringly pursued policies of Germanization and Russification. In the former case, the myth appropriates a common past today shared by Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine. In the latter case, Polonization is written out of the picture entirely, as also are variations and changes in the polices of Germanization and Russification. Taken together, the two myths to a large degree obscure (and even falsify) the past, making comprehension of it difficult, if not impossible. This article seeks to disentangle the knots of anachronisms that underlie the Polish national master narrative, in order to present a clearer picture of the interplay between the policies of Germanization, Polonization and Russification as they unfolded in the lands of the partitioned Poland-Lithuania during the long 19th century.Wales, the Enlightenment and the New British HistoryKidd, Colin Craighttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/40412018-03-31T23:34:38Z2010-01-01T00:00:00ZThere is no electronic version of this article.
2010-01-01T00:00:00ZKidd, Colin CraigExplanations for death by suicide in northern Britain during the long eighteenth centuryHouston, Robert (Rab)http://hdl.handle.net/10023/38502018-01-07T02:31:46Z2012-03-01T00:00:00ZThis article explores how professionals explicated and contextualised the deaths of their clients or subjects, delineated the relationship between madness and death, and advised and counselled families on the deaths of their mentally ill members. It uses coroners’ inquest findings, media such as newspapers, magazines, pamphlets and broadsides, and family correspondence (all drawn from Scotland and the north of England) as well as medical and legal writings to explore perceptions of the link between state of mind and voluntary death. It asks how doctors, families and ‘society’ at large conceptualized, responded to and coped with mental problems culminating in suicide. The aim is to square the apparent simplicity of measured professional understandings with the more emotionally charged yet complex ways those close to attempted or successful suicides related to their situation.
2012-03-01T00:00:00ZHouston, Robert (Rab)This article explores how professionals explicated and contextualised the deaths of their clients or subjects, delineated the relationship between madness and death, and advised and counselled families on the deaths of their mentally ill members. It uses coroners’ inquest findings, media such as newspapers, magazines, pamphlets and broadsides, and family correspondence (all drawn from Scotland and the north of England) as well as medical and legal writings to explore perceptions of the link between state of mind and voluntary death. It asks how doctors, families and ‘society’ at large conceptualized, responded to and coped with mental problems culminating in suicide. The aim is to square the apparent simplicity of measured professional understandings with the more emotionally charged yet complex ways those close to attempted or successful suicides related to their situation.What did the Royal Almoner do in Britain and Ireland, c.1450-1700?Houston, Robert (Rab)http://hdl.handle.net/10023/38492018-01-07T02:31:44Z2010-04-01T00:00:00ZThe late medieval and early modern royal almoner for England and Wales was an important figure, a senior cleric best documented as a court preacher who was the crown’s religious and moral face; prominent holders included Wolsey and Lancelot Andrewes. The article begins by looking at the almoner’s appointment and functions at court, but it is mostly devoted to his interactions with Tudor and Stuart society at large. Indeed he had many public roles that are poorly understood. These included arbitrating, mediating, and directing the distribution of the forfeited goods of suicides found felo de se by coroners’ inquests, granted to successive almoners by the crown. The article looks at the almoner’s operations both in courts such as Star Chamber and outside them. It argues that he sought to create or repair communal bonds when survivors of suicide denied their obligations. Exploring what he did to re-establish charity between neighbours, his role as a benevolent giver, and the underlying religious imperatives that directed his actions, the article illuminates central issues of lordship, law and community in a period of profound social, legal, religious and political change. Focusing mainly on England, it also uncovers the significantly different roles of the separate royal almoners of Ireland and Scotland.
2010-04-01T00:00:00ZHouston, Robert (Rab)The late medieval and early modern royal almoner for England and Wales was an important figure, a senior cleric best documented as a court preacher who was the crown’s religious and moral face; prominent holders included Wolsey and Lancelot Andrewes. The article begins by looking at the almoner’s appointment and functions at court, but it is mostly devoted to his interactions with Tudor and Stuart society at large. Indeed he had many public roles that are poorly understood. These included arbitrating, mediating, and directing the distribution of the forfeited goods of suicides found felo de se by coroners’ inquests, granted to successive almoners by the crown. The article looks at the almoner’s operations both in courts such as Star Chamber and outside them. It argues that he sought to create or repair communal bonds when survivors of suicide denied their obligations. Exploring what he did to re-establish charity between neighbours, his role as a benevolent giver, and the underlying religious imperatives that directed his actions, the article illuminates central issues of lordship, law and community in a period of profound social, legal, religious and political change. Focusing mainly on England, it also uncovers the significantly different roles of the separate royal almoners of Ireland and Scotland.Fact, truth, and the limits of sympathy : newspaper reporting of suicide in the north of England, c. 1750-1830Houston, Robert (Rab)http://hdl.handle.net/10023/38482018-01-07T02:31:46Z2011-01-01T00:00:00Z2011-01-01T00:00:00ZHouston, Robert (Rab)Chivalry, British sovereignty and dynastic politics : undercurrents of antagonism in Tudor-Stewart relations, c.1490-c.1513Stevenson, Katiehttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/38352018-01-07T02:33:37Z2013-11-01T00:00:00ZThis article investigates the deliberate use and manipulation of chivalric culture and iconography by James IV of Scotland to position the Stewart dynasty's claims to the English throne in contest with the concurrent consolidation of Tudor dynastic security. This resulted in a dialogue developing between the two kingdoms concerning the relationship between sovereignty, dynasty and chivalry. This article argues for a new approach to the study of chivalry, by considering it as a meaningful language in political communication. It finds that chivalry had a strong currency in diplomatic discourse and was used to transact political issues of sovereignty and dynasty.
Published by Wiley on behalf of the Institute of Historical Research, University of London School of Advanced Studies.
2013-11-01T00:00:00ZStevenson, KatieThis article investigates the deliberate use and manipulation of chivalric culture and iconography by James IV of Scotland to position the Stewart dynasty's claims to the English throne in contest with the concurrent consolidation of Tudor dynastic security. This resulted in a dialogue developing between the two kingdoms concerning the relationship between sovereignty, dynasty and chivalry. This article argues for a new approach to the study of chivalry, by considering it as a meaningful language in political communication. It finds that chivalry had a strong currency in diplomatic discourse and was used to transact political issues of sovereignty and dynasty.From God's peace to the king's order : late medieval limitations on non-royal warfareFirnhaber-Baker, Justine Mariehttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/35632018-03-31T23:33:43Z2006-01-01T00:00:00Z2006-01-01T00:00:00ZFirnhaber-Baker, Justine MarieSzkoła w Koźlu-Rogach a racja stanu, czyli nowy słoń a sprawa polskaKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/35612018-03-31T23:35:11Z2013-01-01T00:00:00Z2013-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikHenry Hallam revisitedBentley, Michael Johnhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/35172018-01-07T02:36:38Z2012-06-01T00:00:00ZAlthough Henry Hallam (1777–1859) is best known for his Constitutional History of England (1827) and as a founder of ‘whig’ history, to situate him primarily as a mere critic of David Hume or as an apprentice to Thomas Babington Macaulay does him a disservice. He wrote four substantial books of which the first, his View of the state of Europe during the middle ages (1818), deserves to be seen as the most important; and his correspondence shows him to have been integrated into the contemporary intelligentsia in ways that imply more than the Whig acolyte customarily portrayed by commentators. This article re-situates Hallam by thinking across both time and space and depicts a significant historian whose filiations reached to Europe and North America. It proposes that Hallam did not originate the whig interpretation of history but rather that he created a sense of the past resting on law and science which would be reasserted in the age of Darwin.
2012-06-01T00:00:00ZBentley, Michael JohnAlthough Henry Hallam (1777–1859) is best known for his Constitutional History of England (1827) and as a founder of ‘whig’ history, to situate him primarily as a mere critic of David Hume or as an apprentice to Thomas Babington Macaulay does him a disservice. He wrote four substantial books of which the first, his View of the state of Europe during the middle ages (1818), deserves to be seen as the most important; and his correspondence shows him to have been integrated into the contemporary intelligentsia in ways that imply more than the Whig acolyte customarily portrayed by commentators. This article re-situates Hallam by thinking across both time and space and depicts a significant historian whose filiations reached to Europe and North America. It proposes that Hallam did not originate the whig interpretation of history but rather that he created a sense of the past resting on law and science which would be reasserted in the age of Darwin.The privilege of poverty : Clare of Assisi, Agnes of Prague, and the struggle for a Franciscan rule for women by Joan MuellerAndrews, Franceshttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/35062018-01-07T01:32:33Z2007-10-01T00:00:00Z2007-10-01T00:00:00ZAndrews, FrancesLiving like the laity? : The negotiation of religious status in the cities of late medieval ItalyAndrews, Franceshttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/35052018-01-07T01:31:38Z2010-12-01T00:00:00ZFramed by consideration of images of treasurers on the books of the treasury in thirteenth-century Siena, this article uses evidence for the employment of men of religion in city offices in central and northern Italy to show how religious status (treated as a subset of ‘clerical culture’) could become an important object of negotiation between city and churchmen, a tool in the repertoire of power relations. It focuses on the employment of men of religion as urban treasurers and takes Florence in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries as a principal case study, but also touches on the other tasks assigned to men of religion and, very briefly, on evidence from other cities (Bologna, Brescia, Como, Milan, Padua, Perugia and Siena). It outlines some of the possible arguments deployed for this use of men of religion in order to demonstrate that religious status was, like gender, more contingent and fluid than the norm-based models often relied on as a shorthand by historians. Despite the powerful rhetoric of lay–clerical separation in this period, the engagement of men of religion in paid, term-bound urban offices inevitably brought them closer to living like the laity.
2010-12-01T00:00:00ZAndrews, FrancesFramed by consideration of images of treasurers on the books of the treasury in thirteenth-century Siena, this article uses evidence for the employment of men of religion in city offices in central and northern Italy to show how religious status (treated as a subset of ‘clerical culture’) could become an important object of negotiation between city and churchmen, a tool in the repertoire of power relations. It focuses on the employment of men of religion as urban treasurers and takes Florence in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries as a principal case study, but also touches on the other tasks assigned to men of religion and, very briefly, on evidence from other cities (Bologna, Brescia, Como, Milan, Padua, Perugia and Siena). It outlines some of the possible arguments deployed for this use of men of religion in order to demonstrate that religious status was, like gender, more contingent and fluid than the norm-based models often relied on as a shorthand by historians. Despite the powerful rhetoric of lay–clerical separation in this period, the engagement of men of religion in paid, term-bound urban offices inevitably brought them closer to living like the laity.Migration or immigration? : Ireland’s new and unexpected Polish-language communityKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/33852018-01-07T03:11:21Z2013-01-01T00:00:00Z2013-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikScripts and politics in modern Central EuropeKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/33462018-01-07T02:37:50Z2012-01-01T00:00:00ZAt present two scripts are employed in Central Europe, Latin and Cyrillic, or three,if we include Greece in the region. In this article I set out to problematise this oversimplisticpicture drawing at examples from the past and pointing to various politicaland identificational uses of scripts today. Until the mid-20th century, also other scripts(and different types of the Latin and Cyrillic script, for that matter) were used forofficial purposes and in book production, namely Arabic, Armenian, Church Cyrillic,Gothic and Hebrew. In addition, Glagolitic and Runes (both Nordic and Hungarian)were sometimes recalled for ideological reasons. Each of these scripts was used forwriting in numerous languages. Initially, script choices were dictated by religion(Latin letters for Western Christianity, Church Cyrillic for Slavophone OrthodoxChristians, or the Arabic writing system for Muslims), usually connected to a holybook in an ecclesiastical language committed to parchment in a specific script. Whenvernaculars began to make an appearance in writing, especially in the 16th centuryand later, their users stuck to the scripts of their holy books. Two factors, the processof building ethnolinguistically defined nation-states and changing ideas about whatmodernity should be about in the sphere of culture, radically limited the number ofscripts in official and de facto use. Only in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia,Moldova, Montenegro and Ukraine are two scripts in official use, to varying degrees inthe different countries. The European Union already uses three official scripts, Cyrillic,Greek and Latin; if its actions follow its words and it admits some or all of thesestates to membership, it stands a good chance of reviving the tradition of Europeanmultiscripturality, alongside its legally enshrined commitment to multilingualism.
2012-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikAt present two scripts are employed in Central Europe, Latin and Cyrillic, or three,if we include Greece in the region. In this article I set out to problematise this oversimplisticpicture drawing at examples from the past and pointing to various politicaland identificational uses of scripts today. Until the mid-20th century, also other scripts(and different types of the Latin and Cyrillic script, for that matter) were used forofficial purposes and in book production, namely Arabic, Armenian, Church Cyrillic,Gothic and Hebrew. In addition, Glagolitic and Runes (both Nordic and Hungarian)were sometimes recalled for ideological reasons. Each of these scripts was used forwriting in numerous languages. Initially, script choices were dictated by religion(Latin letters for Western Christianity, Church Cyrillic for Slavophone OrthodoxChristians, or the Arabic writing system for Muslims), usually connected to a holybook in an ecclesiastical language committed to parchment in a specific script. Whenvernaculars began to make an appearance in writing, especially in the 16th centuryand later, their users stuck to the scripts of their holy books. Two factors, the processof building ethnolinguistically defined nation-states and changing ideas about whatmodernity should be about in the sphere of culture, radically limited the number ofscripts in official and de facto use. Only in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia,Moldova, Montenegro and Ukraine are two scripts in official use, to varying degrees inthe different countries. The European Union already uses three official scripts, Cyrillic,Greek and Latin; if its actions follow its words and it admits some or all of thesestates to membership, it stands a good chance of reviving the tradition of Europeanmultiscripturality, alongside its legally enshrined commitment to multilingualism.Ślōnsk się traci : Silesia is PerishingKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/33182018-03-31T23:41:56Z2012-01-01T00:00:00ZAfterword
2012-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikAfterwordPoland and the Silesians : Minority rights à la carte?Kamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/33172018-03-31T23:34:59Z2012-12-21T00:00:00ZThe Silesians are an ethnic or national group that coalesced in the nineteenth century. During the subsequent century, they survived repeated divisions of their historical region of Upper Silesia among the nation-states of Czechoslovakia (or today its western half, that is, the Czech Republic), Germany, and Poland, which entailed Czechization, Germanization, and Polonization, respectively. The ideal of ethnolinguistic homogeneity, a typical goal of Central European nationalism, was achieved in post-war Poland. After the end of communism (1989) and the country‟s accession to the European Union (2004), this ideal is still aspired to, though it appears to stand in direct conflict with the values of democracy and rule of law. The Silesians are the largest minority in today‟s Poland and Silesian speakers are the second largest speech community in this country after Polish-speakers. Despite the Silesians‟ wish to be recognized as a minority, expressed clearly in their grassroots initiatives and in the Polish censuses of 2002 and 2011, Poland neither recognizes them nor their language. This inflexible attitude may amount to a breach of the spirit (if not the letter) of the Council of Europe‟s Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, both of which Poland signed and ratified. The case of the Silesians is a litmus test of the quality of Polish democracy. In order to resolve the debacle, the article proposes a genuine dialogue between representatives of Silesian organizations and the Polish administration under the guidance of observers and facilitators from the Council of Europe and appropriate international non-governmental organizations.
2012-12-21T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikThe Silesians are an ethnic or national group that coalesced in the nineteenth century. During the subsequent century, they survived repeated divisions of their historical region of Upper Silesia among the nation-states of Czechoslovakia (or today its western half, that is, the Czech Republic), Germany, and Poland, which entailed Czechization, Germanization, and Polonization, respectively. The ideal of ethnolinguistic homogeneity, a typical goal of Central European nationalism, was achieved in post-war Poland. After the end of communism (1989) and the country‟s accession to the European Union (2004), this ideal is still aspired to, though it appears to stand in direct conflict with the values of democracy and rule of law. The Silesians are the largest minority in today‟s Poland and Silesian speakers are the second largest speech community in this country after Polish-speakers. Despite the Silesians‟ wish to be recognized as a minority, expressed clearly in their grassroots initiatives and in the Polish censuses of 2002 and 2011, Poland neither recognizes them nor their language. This inflexible attitude may amount to a breach of the spirit (if not the letter) of the Council of Europe‟s Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, both of which Poland signed and ratified. The case of the Silesians is a litmus test of the quality of Polish democracy. In order to resolve the debacle, the article proposes a genuine dialogue between representatives of Silesian organizations and the Polish administration under the guidance of observers and facilitators from the Council of Europe and appropriate international non-governmental organizations.Czyżby straszliwe języków pomieszanie w jednoczącej się Europie?Kamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/33122018-03-31T23:41:55Z2012-01-01T00:00:00Z2012-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikThe global regime of language recognitionKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/33082018-03-04T01:31:40Z2012-11-21T00:00:00ZThere is no universally accepted working linguistic definition of a language; the distinction between a dialect and a language is a political question. On the basis of a discussion of this problem, the article proposes that the ISO 639 family of standards, issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), amounts to the backbone of an emerging global regime of language recognition. This regime is being rapidly coaxed into being by the booming IT industry and by the Internet, both of which require clear-cut and uniform standards on languages and their scripts in order to function efficiently and profitably. A potentially undesirable and divisive foundation of the regulatory regime, stemming from and meeting the distinctive sectoral purposes of the world of Evangelicalism and Bible translation, is a hurdle to be overcome in achieving a universally accepted system of language standards. Despite efforts by other actors, there is no viable secular alternative in prospect, because the religiously-grounded system has an established and substantial “first mover” advantage in the field.
2012-11-21T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikThere is no universally accepted working linguistic definition of a language; the distinction between a dialect and a language is a political question. On the basis of a discussion of this problem, the article proposes that the ISO 639 family of standards, issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), amounts to the backbone of an emerging global regime of language recognition. This regime is being rapidly coaxed into being by the booming IT industry and by the Internet, both of which require clear-cut and uniform standards on languages and their scripts in order to function efficiently and profitably. A potentially undesirable and divisive foundation of the regulatory regime, stemming from and meeting the distinctive sectoral purposes of the world of Evangelicalism and Bible translation, is a hurdle to be overcome in achieving a universally accepted system of language standards. Despite efforts by other actors, there is no viable secular alternative in prospect, because the religiously-grounded system has an established and substantial “first mover” advantage in the field.The Silesian language in the early 21st century : A speech community on the rollercoaster of politicsKamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/32812018-01-07T02:37:23Z2013-01-01T00:00:00ZLanguages are made and unmade, as nations are. The vagaries of history and politics that create the fluctuating framework in which human groups exist, influence these groups’ thinking about their own speech. Over the course of history Upper Silesia’s Slavophones (a group who, in the modern period, were predominantly bilingual in German) were divided up at different times between Prussia, Austria (that is, the Habsburg lands), Germany, Czechoslovakia (today, the Czech Republic) and Poland, and they had to adapt to these changes. During the last two centuries, with the rise of ethnolinguistic nationalism in Central Europe, it meant either accepting a dominant ethnolinguistic national identity, complete with its specific standard language (especially in the dark period of authoritarianisms and totalitarianism between 1926 and 1989), or inventing a Silesianness, frequently buttressed by the concept of a Silesian language. Against this backdrop, the article considers the emergence of the Silesian (regional, ethnic, national?) movement during the last two decades, with the main focus on efforts to standardize Silesian and have it recognized as a language in its own right.
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikLanguages are made and unmade, as nations are. The vagaries of history and politics that create the fluctuating framework in which human groups exist, influence these groups’ thinking about their own speech. Over the course of history Upper Silesia’s Slavophones (a group who, in the modern period, were predominantly bilingual in German) were divided up at different times between Prussia, Austria (that is, the Habsburg lands), Germany, Czechoslovakia (today, the Czech Republic) and Poland, and they had to adapt to these changes. During the last two centuries, with the rise of ethnolinguistic nationalism in Central Europe, it meant either accepting a dominant ethnolinguistic national identity, complete with its specific standard language (especially in the dark period of authoritarianisms and totalitarianism between 1926 and 1989), or inventing a Silesianness, frequently buttressed by the concept of a Silesian language. Against this backdrop, the article considers the emergence of the Silesian (regional, ethnic, national?) movement during the last two decades, with the main focus on efforts to standardize Silesian and have it recognized as a language in its own right.The change of the name of the Russian language in Russian from Rossiiskii to Russkii : did politics have anything to do with it?Kamusella, Tomasz Dominikhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/32442018-03-31T23:34:50Z2012-01-01T00:00:00ZDuring the 1830s and 1840s the official Russian name of the Russian language changed from Rossiiskii to Russkii. Prior to this the names of the country and of its language were directly related (Rossiia – Rossiiskii), while today they remain disjointed (Rossiia vs Russkii). To date, researchers, both in Russia and abroad, seem not to have been interested in explaining either this change or the persisting discrepancy between the two terms. The article draws attention to this disjunction, contextualized against the background of various linguonyms and names of countries and regions closely connected to the history of Russia. The text does not identify a decisive answer to the deceptively simple-looking question that it investigates. Nevertheless, it proposes a hypothesis that the change might be connected to the anti-Russian uprising of the Polish-Lithuanian nobility (1830-1831) and the subsequent replacement of Polish by Russian as the official language in Russia’s original zone of partition of Poland-Lithuania. The analysis may encourage other researchers to engage with this neglected, though quite crucial, question in an interdisciplinary and comparative manner.
2012-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikDuring the 1830s and 1840s the official Russian name of the Russian language changed from Rossiiskii to Russkii. Prior to this the names of the country and of its language were directly related (Rossiia – Rossiiskii), while today they remain disjointed (Rossiia vs Russkii). To date, researchers, both in Russia and abroad, seem not to have been interested in explaining either this change or the persisting discrepancy between the two terms. The article draws attention to this disjunction, contextualized against the background of various linguonyms and names of countries and regions closely connected to the history of Russia. The text does not identify a decisive answer to the deceptively simple-looking question that it investigates. Nevertheless, it proposes a hypothesis that the change might be connected to the anti-Russian uprising of the Polish-Lithuanian nobility (1830-1831) and the subsequent replacement of Polish by Russian as the official language in Russia’s original zone of partition of Poland-Lithuania. The analysis may encourage other researchers to engage with this neglected, though quite crucial, question in an interdisciplinary and comparative manner.Sztandaryzacyjo ślōnski godki / Standaryzacja języka śląskiegoKamusella, Tomasz DominikRoczniok, Andrzejhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/23412018-03-31T23:41:35Z2011-01-01T00:00:00Z2011-01-01T00:00:00ZKamusella, Tomasz DominikRoczniok, Andrzej“The West” : A conceptual explorationBavaj, Riccardohttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/20502018-03-31T23:33:45Z2011-01-01T00:00:00ZThis article explores the transformation of the directional concept "the west" into the socio-political concept "the West". From the early 19th century onward, the concept of the West became temporalized and politicized. It became a concept of the future ("Zukunftsbegriff"), acquired a polemical thrust through the polarized opposition to antonyms such as "Russia", "the East", and "the Orient", and was deployed as a tool for forging national identities. The gestation of "the West" went hand-in-hand with the gradual substitution of an east-west divide for the north-south divide that had dominated European mental maps for centuries.
Published by the Institute of European History (IEG), Mainz 2011-11-21. When quoting this article please add the date of your last retrieval in brackets after the url. When quoting a certain passage from the article please also insert the corresponding number(s), for example 2 or 1-4.
2011-01-01T00:00:00ZBavaj, RiccardoThis article explores the transformation of the directional concept "the west" into the socio-political concept "the West". From the early 19th century onward, the concept of the West became temporalized and politicized. It became a concept of the future ("Zukunftsbegriff"), acquired a polemical thrust through the polarized opposition to antonyms such as "Russia", "the East", and "the Orient", and was deployed as a tool for forging national identities. The gestation of "the West" went hand-in-hand with the gradual substitution of an east-west divide for the north-south divide that had dominated European mental maps for centuries.Mediaeval and modern concepts of race and ethnicityBartlett, Robert Johnhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/18692018-03-31T23:32:46Z2001-01-01T00:00:00Z2001-01-01T00:00:00ZBartlett, Robert JohnIntellectual historyBavaj, Riccardohttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/18412018-03-31T23:47:58Z2010-01-01T00:00:00Z2010-01-01T00:00:00ZBavaj, Riccardo“Western civilization” and the acceleration of time : Richard Löwenthal’s reflections on a crisis of “the West” in the aftermath of the student revolt of “1968”Bavaj, Riccardohttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/18402018-03-31T23:33:46Z2010-03-01T00:00:00Z2010-03-01T00:00:00ZBavaj, RiccardoThe assassination of King Het'um II : the conversion of the Ilkhans and the ArmeniansStewart, Angushttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/15632018-01-07T01:30:37Z2005-04-01T00:00:00ZOn November 17, 1307, the Armenian king, Het'um II, was assassinated by a Mongol, recently converted to Islam, the noyan Bularghu. In this paper I will look at this assassination, which has often been seen as significant in the context of the conversion of the Mongols of Persia to Islam, and also at the effects, or perceived effects, of that conversion, especially regarding Ilkhanid foreign policy. I shall consider the attitude of the Ilkhans to the small Armenian kingdom centred on Cilicia, now in south-eastern Turkey, which, by 1307 had shrunk from the size and importance it had enjoyed in the middle of the thirteenth century. First, I intend briefly to describe Armenian relations with the Mongols, from the irruption of the latter until about 1307; then I shall discuss the assassination, the sources and reasons for it; next I shall look at the conversion of the Mongol rulers of Persia to Islam, and any effects that this may have had on Ilkhanid foreign policy; finally I shall consider how both this conversion and the assassination have been interpreted by historians, and what this event actually shows us about the effects of the Mongol Ilkhans' conversion to Islam on their relationship with their subject, Christian, Armenian satellite.
2005-04-01T00:00:00ZStewart, AngusOn November 17, 1307, the Armenian king, Het'um II, was assassinated by a Mongol, recently converted to Islam, the noyan Bularghu. In this paper I will look at this assassination, which has often been seen as significant in the context of the conversion of the Mongols of Persia to Islam, and also at the effects, or perceived effects, of that conversion, especially regarding Ilkhanid foreign policy. I shall consider the attitude of the Ilkhans to the small Armenian kingdom centred on Cilicia, now in south-eastern Turkey, which, by 1307 had shrunk from the size and importance it had enjoyed in the middle of the thirteenth century. First, I intend briefly to describe Armenian relations with the Mongols, from the irruption of the latter until about 1307; then I shall discuss the assassination, the sources and reasons for it; next I shall look at the conversion of the Mongol rulers of Persia to Islam, and any effects that this may have had on Ilkhanid foreign policy; finally I shall consider how both this conversion and the assassination have been interpreted by historians, and what this event actually shows us about the effects of the Mongol Ilkhans' conversion to Islam on their relationship with their subject, Christian, Armenian satellite.Rimbert's Vita Anskarii and Scandinavian mission in the ninth centuryPalmer, James Trevorhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/15542018-01-07T01:31:17Z2004-04-01T00:00:00ZThe idea of converting Scandinavia to Christianity had been enthusiastically pursued by the Emperor Louis the Pious and Archbishop Ebbo of Rheims in the 820s. Optimism such as their was, however, not to last, and little progress was made between the death of Archbishop Rimbert of Hamburg-Bremen in 888 and the conversion of Harald Bluetooth a century later. This article examines how Rimbert wrote a saint's "Life" about Anskar, his predecessor and "apostle to the north", in an attempt to arrest the waning support for the mission. It considers how this was achieved by placing the text in the context of the clashes between Ebbo and his successor, Hincmar, the predestination debate and the idea that mission was fulfilling apocalyptic prophecies.
2004-04-01T00:00:00ZPalmer, James TrevorThe idea of converting Scandinavia to Christianity had been enthusiastically pursued by the Emperor Louis the Pious and Archbishop Ebbo of Rheims in the 820s. Optimism such as their was, however, not to last, and little progress was made between the death of Archbishop Rimbert of Hamburg-Bremen in 888 and the conversion of Harald Bluetooth a century later. This article examines how Rimbert wrote a saint's "Life" about Anskar, his predecessor and "apostle to the north", in an attempt to arrest the waning support for the mission. It considers how this was achieved by placing the text in the context of the clashes between Ebbo and his successor, Hincmar, the predestination debate and the idea that mission was fulfilling apocalyptic prophecies.Visions of diversity : cultural pluralism and the nation in the folk music revival movement of the United States and Canada, 1958-65Mitchell, Gillian Anna Margarethttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/15522018-01-07T01:31:13Z2006-12-01T00:00:00ZThis article focusses on the concept of cultural pluralism in the North American folk music revival of the 1960s. Building on the excellent work of earlier folk revival scholars, the article looks in greater depth at the “vision of diversity” promoted by the folk revival in North America – at the ways in which this vision was constructed, at the reasons for its maintenance and at its ultimate decline and on the consequences of this for anglophone Canadian and American musicians and enthusiasts alike.
2006-12-01T00:00:00ZMitchell, Gillian Anna MargaretThis article focusses on the concept of cultural pluralism in the North American folk music revival of the 1960s. Building on the excellent work of earlier folk revival scholars, the article looks in greater depth at the “vision of diversity” promoted by the folk revival in North America – at the ways in which this vision was constructed, at the reasons for its maintenance and at its ultimate decline and on the consequences of this for anglophone Canadian and American musicians and enthusiasts alike.Scotland, Elizabethan England and the idea of BritainMason, Roger Alexanderhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/15512018-01-07T01:30:46Z2004-12-01T00:00:00ZThis paper explores aspects of Anglo-Scottish relations in Elizabeth's reign with particular emphasis on the idea of dynastic union and the creation of a Protestant British kingdom. It begins by examining the legacy of pre-Elizabethan ideas of Britain and the extent to which Elizabeth and her government sought to realise the vision of a Protestant and imperial British kingdom first articulated in the late 1540s. It then focuses on the issues arising from the deposition of Mary Queen of Scots and her long captivity in England. The dynastic implications of Mary's execution in 1587 are highlighted and it is argued that Elizabeth's policy towards James VI and Scotland betrays little or no interest in developing a truly British agenda.
2004-12-01T00:00:00ZMason, Roger AlexanderThis paper explores aspects of Anglo-Scottish relations in Elizabeth's reign with particular emphasis on the idea of dynastic union and the creation of a Protestant British kingdom. It begins by examining the legacy of pre-Elizabethan ideas of Britain and the extent to which Elizabeth and her government sought to realise the vision of a Protestant and imperial British kingdom first articulated in the late 1540s. It then focuses on the issues arising from the deposition of Mary Queen of Scots and her long captivity in England. The dynastic implications of Mary's execution in 1587 are highlighted and it is argued that Elizabeth's policy towards James VI and Scotland betrays little or no interest in developing a truly British agenda.'Lesser-used' languages in historic Europe : models of change from the 16th to the 19th centuriesHouston, Robert Allanhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/15292018-01-07T01:30:59Z2003-07-01T00:00:00ZThis article charts and tries to explain the changing use of ‘minority’ languages in Europe between the end of the Middle Ages and the 19th century. This period saw the beginnings of a decline in the use of certain dialects and separate languages, notably Irish and Scottish Gaelic, although some tongues such as Catalan and Welsh remained widely used. The article develops some models of the relationship between language and its social, economic and political context. That relationship was mediated through the availability of printed literature; the political (including military) relations between areas where different languages or dialects were spoken; the nature and relative level of economic development (including urbanization); the policy of the providers of formal education and that of the church on religious instruction and worship; and, finally, local social structures and power relationships. The focus is principally on western Europe, but material is also drawn from Scandinavia and from eastern and central Europe.
2003-07-01T00:00:00ZHouston, Robert AllanThis article charts and tries to explain the changing use of ‘minority’ languages in Europe between the end of the Middle Ages and the 19th century. This period saw the beginnings of a decline in the use of certain dialects and separate languages, notably Irish and Scottish Gaelic, although some tongues such as Catalan and Welsh remained widely used. The article develops some models of the relationship between language and its social, economic and political context. That relationship was mediated through the availability of printed literature; the political (including military) relations between areas where different languages or dialects were spoken; the nature and relative level of economic development (including urbanization); the policy of the providers of formal education and that of the church on religious instruction and worship; and, finally, local social structures and power relationships. The focus is principally on western Europe, but material is also drawn from Scandinavia and from eastern and central Europe.'The middling order are odious characters' : social structure and urban growth in colonial Charleston, South CarolinaHart, Emma Frances Katherinehttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/15272018-01-07T01:31:09Z2007-08-01T00:00:00ZIn recent years, the idea that Britain and its northern American colonies were part of a single ‘British Atlantic world’ has provided historians of both the Old World and the New with a novel perspective from which to explore their subjects during the long eighteenth century. With a case study of Charleston, South Carolina, this essay extends British categories of analysis across the Atlantic to uncover the origins of an American middle class. Emphasis is placed on the simultaneous consideration of all arenas of identity formation, with a view to demonstrating that examining either the cultural sphere or the economic one cannot bring a genuine understanding of the coherence of this eighteenth-century middling sort. Investigating the emergence of this social group in the widest possible sense, I show how the economic experience of these middling people forged common values which then found their expression in the cultural and political sphere. Since this middle sort achieved such coherence before 1776 I suggest that we must move away from accounts that depict colonial society as a place of binary opposites and occupational groupings, for such models cannot convey the complexity of the British Atlantic urban society that took shape during this era.
2007-08-01T00:00:00ZHart, Emma Frances KatherineIn recent years, the idea that Britain and its northern American colonies were part of a single ‘British Atlantic world’ has provided historians of both the Old World and the New with a novel perspective from which to explore their subjects during the long eighteenth century. With a case study of Charleston, South Carolina, this essay extends British categories of analysis across the Atlantic to uncover the origins of an American middle class. Emphasis is placed on the simultaneous consideration of all arenas of identity formation, with a view to demonstrating that examining either the cultural sphere or the economic one cannot bring a genuine understanding of the coherence of this eighteenth-century middling sort. Investigating the emergence of this social group in the widest possible sense, I show how the economic experience of these middling people forged common values which then found their expression in the cultural and political sphere. Since this middle sort achieved such coherence before 1776 I suggest that we must move away from accounts that depict colonial society as a place of binary opposites and occupational groupings, for such models cannot convey the complexity of the British Atlantic urban society that took shape during this era.'The incineration of refuse is beautiful' : Torquay and the introduction of municipal refuse destructorsClark, John Finlay Mcdiarmidhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/14922018-05-20T00:30:09Z2007-08-01T00:00:00ZIn the last decade of the nineteenth century, the English seaside and health resort of Torquay abandoned its old practice of municipal waste tipping and invested in a destructor, or incinerator. Technical, legal and financial considerations lay behind this decision. The ensuing protests against the operation of the destructor highlight the tensions between nascent technocrats and the affected residents. At a time when pollution was most often displaced or dispersed, topography conspired against the residents of Torquay, and challenged the accepted spatial and social relationships of waste.
2007-08-01T00:00:00ZClark, John Finlay McdiarmidIn the last decade of the nineteenth century, the English seaside and health resort of Torquay abandoned its old practice of municipal waste tipping and invested in a destructor, or incinerator. Technical, legal and financial considerations lay behind this decision. The ensuing protests against the operation of the destructor highlight the tensions between nascent technocrats and the affected residents. At a time when pollution was most often displaced or dispersed, topography conspired against the residents of Torquay, and challenged the accepted spatial and social relationships of waste.Armenian Neighbours (600-1045)Greenwood, Timothy Williamhttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/10322018-01-07T01:32:37Z2009-01-01T00:00:00Z2009-01-01T00:00:00ZGreenwood, Timothy William