Utilisation des micro-ondes dans l'ennoblissement textile

Alternative Title

The œuse of microwaves for textile treatments

Abstract

The textile ennoblement is very consumer out of water and auxiliaries which lead to a strong polluting load of its rejections. Thus, several studies were undertaken during the Seventies and Eighties to introduce microwave (MW) technology and to reduce pollution, but little of them led to an industrial development. Since ten years now one notes in particular a renewed interest for the MW technology in the field of chemistry. The goal of this work is initially to study the feasibility of the use of a mixed process conventional heating/MW for the textile ennoblement and to develop a laboratory pilot. The device was designed and optimized while being based on the ennoblement with various stages of various textile materials. In the second time, we tried more precisely to understand the effects of the MW on the dyeing of polyester. The use of the MW for the textile treatments makes it possible to decrease the temperatures and the duration of the treatments and also to strongly limit the addition of textile auxiliaries. With the microwaves, the kinetics of dyeing and diffusion of the dye in fibre are accelerated. The tests show that the MW act particularly on water and dyes, the polyester fiber being not very polar. Assumptions are made to explain the effects. Thus the MW would quickly compensate for the cooling caused by the evaporation of water and the sublimation of the dyes, making it possible to increase speeds of dyeing. One notes a reduction in the energy of activation of the diffusion of the dye in fibre: Specific effects of the MW would be also concerned.