Protein Synthesis

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Transcript of Protein Synthesis

I. DNA StructureProtein SynthesisA. DNA is a nucleic acid made of nucleotidesB. Matching base pairs make replication and transcription easy.1. Adenine = ThymineCytosine = GuanineC. Genes are made of the sequence of bases on the DNA strand1. Each gene has a specific sequence of bases.II. Gene ExpressionA. DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by controlling the synthesis of proteins.B. Gene expression is the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis.Read-C. Genes provide the instructions for making a protein, but do not make the protein directly.Read- D. RNA is the nucleic acid that assists in the transfer of information from DNA to the end product (a protein).E. Gene expression includes transcription and translation.III. TranscriptionA. Transcription is the synthesis of RNA using the DNA as a template.1. Messenger RNA is created by “reading” the DNA and mRNA carries the genetic message from the nucleus to the ribosome.B. Translation is the synthesis of a polypeptide (protein).1. The ribosome translates the sequence of bases from mRNA into an amino acid sequence.IV. Genetic CodeA. The genetic code is universal. Nucleotide triplets specify amino acids.1. Codons- three-nucleotide “words” on mRNARead- B. The flow of information from a gene to a protein is based on this triplet code.Read- 1. A cell cannot directly translate a gene’s triplets into amino acids.V. RNAA. RNA is a polymer of nucleotidesB. RNA has ribose sugar rather than deoxyriboseC. Uracil replaces Thymine in RNA.A=URead- D. RNA links DNA’s genetic instructions for making proteins to the process of protein synthesis.E. Types of RNA1. mRNA- messenger RNA carries information from the nucleus to the ribosome and has codons that specify amino acids.2. tRNA- transfer RNA that has the anticodon and carries an amino acid to the ribosome.Read- 3. rRNA-ribosomal RNA helps bind the mRNA and tRNA during one step of protein synthesisVI. TranscriptionRead- A. The DNA strand is the template for making the mRNA.Read-B. The same base-pairing rules that apply to DNA synthesis also apply here, but the base uracil takes the place of thymine in RNARead- A. The genetic message on mRNA is read as a sequence of three-letter codons1. Each codon on the mRNA strand matches up to an anticodon (also 3 letters) on a tRNA molecule and specifies an amino acid.C. The DNA strand opens upand the mRNA bases match up with the bases on the DNAstrand.1. Transcription is making the mRNA.a. stays in the language of nucleic acidsVII. Translation