describes strategic triangle China / US / EU, says US is misbehaving, has a seduction strategy with the EU

conceptual gap

greater between China and the West than between US and EU

China positions itself as an ethical actor (tactically?)

many references to Cambridge Analytica: “China manages better”

Viet-Nam copies Cybersecurity law

Q. P.B.

Weaponization of the GAFAM?

Henry Farrell: Eric Schmidt after Snowden: “extraordinary disaster”

They do not want to be perceived as tools. They have a lot of autonomy to police their users.

Putin: Internet “a CIA plot”.

GAFAM not directly weaponized but their business models are uncomfortable for some regimes.

Google more responsive to Chinese government than to US one.

Q.

Privacy Shield

Henry Farrell: The Shrems case is the explosive one. If: “Facebook does not comply with the GDPR”, could oppose business models with user data sold to customers

Q. E.B.

GAFAM/BATX

Alice Ekman: big companies in China need Party cells within the company

big companies not so much involved in politics

tension between attractivity vs closeness to the Party

Q G.G.

What about second rank actors: India, Japan, Russia, etc.?

Alice Ekman: the US/EU/China triangle is proposed by China.

Patrick Nicolet: you might see conflicts around smart cities.

Alice Ekman: Nice is developping smartness with Huawei.

Q P.S-G

SWIFT

Henry Farrell: SWIFT is already here and a European institution. The question is, do you build around SWIFT and drag it away from the US, or do you build a different system? There is far greater US/EU integration (unlike with China).

The system to trade with Iran might be the seed of another system, but no state wants to host the siege, by fear of US retaliation. This is an interdependent systems vs disentanglement conflict.

Q Thomas Gomart

What sort of retaliation from the US could we expect?

Henry Farrell:

applying sanctions vs banks and individual bankers

denying access to the dollar clearing system to EU banks

However, it would push the EU away from the US.

Within the EU there is a debate about administrative defense. The courts are going to defer to OFAC (Office of Foreign Assets Control). The companies do not fight fines. There is an ongoing challenge to the OFAC (Exxon case).

Q Thomas Gomart

The EU has 17 regimes of sanctions. The policy of sanctions is the main policy tool.

Is there a loss of efficiency?

Does China have a sanctions policy?

Alice Ekman: China has a policy of gifts and sanctions.

e.g. when South Korea put an anti-missile system, there were Chinese sanctions on South Korean companies, and less Chinese tourists.

e.g. when there was a transfer of military equipment via Singapore to Taiwan, Singapore was blamed and disinvited from event

lament about EU indecisiveness, digital colonialism, risk to get out of History

regulate AI rather than govern it

acknowledge that AI is not immune from geopolitics, eg Brexit, French Chinese AI cooperation, Transatlantic relationship

Finland creating open standards

France focus on ethics of the government policy document

state policies towards US:

containment policy (China, Russia, etc.)

critical cooperation (France, etc.)

Narrative of finding a Third Way in Europe.

Q Thomas Gomart

What is the importance of the Chinese market for the German industry. P3 or France/Germany? is there a debate in Germany?

Stefan Heumann: we are heading towards a data war with China. That party (German cars sold in China) is going to end. Germany is more aligned with the US (in China, there are Communist officers in corporations). China wants to move up in the value chain. China has the long term view. After three or so years, things will get complicated. There is Chinese outreach in Eastern Europe.

Q Thomas Gomart

The Villani AI report: policy is “sovereignty of the EU as champion of ethical and sustainable AI”

Julien Nocetti: is ethics the only EU advantage? beautiful speeches, but risk of being squeezed

Q M.H

The German robotic company Kuka was bought by China. How to avoid the next Kuka?

Stefan Heumann: in Berlin they want to lower the threshold to inform the government about foreign direct investments (FDI) from 20% to 10%. There is more awareness and concern.

The SDP leader set a group to think about data monopolies. Her intent is to publish a proposal in early 2019.

Q Alice Ekman

Stefan Heumann: Huawei is a partner of Deutsch Telekom. There is a pushback. It is a dicey situation.

E-A.M.

national mechanic, Germany faced with Chinese acquisitions

Regarding Kuka, in early 2019 Commission draft, EU projects screened

Q G.B.

GDPR needs to be connected to economic development

same pattern with AI (explainable AI)?

Stefan Heumann: I have a problem with the word ‘sovereignty’: economic interest, individual control of data, we the sovereign make the rules

sovereignty differs from control, ownership

then we should invest in explainable AI

market power: the people who control the tech set the standards

ethical AI: let’s build it!

Q Jean-Christophe Noël

AI war links a lot of items

which data shouldn’t we open at any cost?

what is the core of sovereign data?

Patrick Nicolet: It is impossible to define which data is sensitive. The AI (use of data) is about what questions you want to answer. You need a big pool, you don’t know the questions in advance. Hence AI rather than data requires an ethical framework.

Q E.G.

It’s not only a mechanical problem, it is a cultural conflict. The Chinese are subtle in their approach.

Q Antoine-Tristan Mocilnikar (French gov)

Governmental approach: we want quantitative facts, objective approach, no ideology. What are the threats -people, states, entities. Then, what is the target? Energy is THE critical issue.

Actions: coproduction of different tech levels. Nice act, cyber centre? How to accelerate those tools?

Deepfakes ('deep learning'-generated 'fake' pictures) are videos where the face of individuals are replaced with other faces, using plug-and-play artificial intelligence software. There are porn videos where the face of the performer has been replaced by the face of a celebrity.
This is yet another expression of the way the digital environment struggles with sincerity. Things are not what they appear to be over there.
All kinds of people might be pondering the use of deepfakes:
- TV comedians and propagandists
- spies, social engineers and blackmailers (kompromat)
- advertisers and scammers
- pranksters (large scale ones, think the Laughing Man from Ghost in the Shell Stand-Alone Complex)

Imagine a future where video alteration is so pain-free that no video can be taken at face value. The process of making people appear to say things or do things would be industrialised, videos being altered in all of your video viewing environment, videos being altered in real-time, videos featuring faces and other items that are customized to each viewer.
Imagine a future where computer malware would alter in real-time the video feed you receive through communication software.
As far as I can tell, this future is just around the corner.