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Kidney transplant surgery. Close-up of surgeons stitching up a donor after removing one of their healthy kidneys during a kidney transplant operation. Kidneys are transplanted to replace a failing or failed kidney. Kidney transplants have a high success rate, although recipients do need to take immunosuppressant drugs for the rest of their life to prevent rejection. The donor kidney may come from a living or recently deceased donor and can be kept viable outside of the body for several days.