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Seeds of time: a history of the North Carolina Crop Improvement Association, 1929-1977

Gregory was sent to South America in 1959, 1961, and 1967 to search for ad-ditional
cultivated and wild peanuts. Immunity to leafspot disease and resistance to
northern rootknot nematode, spider mites, lesser com stalk borer, and other pests
were found in wild species. A large number of species crosses have been produced
from these collections. Incorporation of their genes into the cultivated peanut is un-der
way.
After the initial successes in the cross-breeding of peanuts at the North Carolina,
Georgia, and Florida Experiment Stations, a number of superior varieties were
developed. Brodie Harrell, county agent in Northampton County, and Garland D.
"Mutt" Barnes of Severn Peanut Company, Severn, recognized the variety
Florigiant as a superior variety for North Carolina. Subsequent testing of this variety
and others from the Florida Experiment Station by Emery showed that these
varieties were indeed superior. NC 17 was released in North Carolina in 1969. NC-Fla
14 was jointly released with Florida in 1973.
In 1961 Emery, in cooperation with W. V. Campbell of the Entomology Depart-ment,
initiated an insect screening program designed to isolate peanut lines with
resistance to the Southern com rootworm, potato leafhoppers, and tobacco thrips.
Four peanut lines, arising from the second cycle of the recurrent selection program
initiated by Gregory in 1944, were found to be highly resistant to the Southern com
rootworm. One of the lines, GP-NC 343, which is also moderately resistant to
potato leafhopper, was released as elite germplasm in 1970. A selection from the
cross of GP-NC 343 by Va 61R made in the fourth cycle of the recurrent selection
program resulted in the release in 1976 of NC 6, which is resistant to Southern
com rootworm.
Several lines from the fourth cycle of recurrent selection and hybrids with one X-ray
mutant (Ac 317) were found to have greater resistance to potato leafhoppers
than GP-NC 343. Two strains from the hybrid GP-NC 343 X Ac 317 (NC 10247
and NC 10272) and two strains from irradiated C12 X A18 (NC 15729 and NC
15745) were released as elite germplasm in 1975 by Campbell, Emery, and J. C.
Wynne. Wynne joined the breeding program in 1968.
A program was started in 1971 to develop varieties resistant to Southern stem
rot, Cylindrocladium black rot, pod rot, leafspots, and Sclerotinia blight. This
program was conducted by Wynne, Emery, and M. K. Beute, a plant pathologist.
Several advanced breeding lines were found to be resistant to Southern stem rot.
These lines resulted from crosses made in the fourth cycle of the recurrent selection
program. The sources of resistance were derived from the hybridization and screen-ing
program of Gregory, Jensen, and Cooper in 1946. One of these lines resistant
to Southern stem rot was found to be resistant to Cylindrocladium black rot and
was released as elite germplasm NC 3033 in 1976. Several advanced breeding
lines are being evaluated for resistance to Cylindrocladium black rot for possible
release as varieties.
36

Gregory was sent to South America in 1959, 1961, and 1967 to search for ad-ditional
cultivated and wild peanuts. Immunity to leafspot disease and resistance to
northern rootknot nematode, spider mites, lesser com stalk borer, and other pests
were found in wild species. A large number of species crosses have been produced
from these collections. Incorporation of their genes into the cultivated peanut is un-der
way.
After the initial successes in the cross-breeding of peanuts at the North Carolina,
Georgia, and Florida Experiment Stations, a number of superior varieties were
developed. Brodie Harrell, county agent in Northampton County, and Garland D.
"Mutt" Barnes of Severn Peanut Company, Severn, recognized the variety
Florigiant as a superior variety for North Carolina. Subsequent testing of this variety
and others from the Florida Experiment Station by Emery showed that these
varieties were indeed superior. NC 17 was released in North Carolina in 1969. NC-Fla
14 was jointly released with Florida in 1973.
In 1961 Emery, in cooperation with W. V. Campbell of the Entomology Depart-ment,
initiated an insect screening program designed to isolate peanut lines with
resistance to the Southern com rootworm, potato leafhoppers, and tobacco thrips.
Four peanut lines, arising from the second cycle of the recurrent selection program
initiated by Gregory in 1944, were found to be highly resistant to the Southern com
rootworm. One of the lines, GP-NC 343, which is also moderately resistant to
potato leafhopper, was released as elite germplasm in 1970. A selection from the
cross of GP-NC 343 by Va 61R made in the fourth cycle of the recurrent selection
program resulted in the release in 1976 of NC 6, which is resistant to Southern
com rootworm.
Several lines from the fourth cycle of recurrent selection and hybrids with one X-ray
mutant (Ac 317) were found to have greater resistance to potato leafhoppers
than GP-NC 343. Two strains from the hybrid GP-NC 343 X Ac 317 (NC 10247
and NC 10272) and two strains from irradiated C12 X A18 (NC 15729 and NC
15745) were released as elite germplasm in 1975 by Campbell, Emery, and J. C.
Wynne. Wynne joined the breeding program in 1968.
A program was started in 1971 to develop varieties resistant to Southern stem
rot, Cylindrocladium black rot, pod rot, leafspots, and Sclerotinia blight. This
program was conducted by Wynne, Emery, and M. K. Beute, a plant pathologist.
Several advanced breeding lines were found to be resistant to Southern stem rot.
These lines resulted from crosses made in the fourth cycle of the recurrent selection
program. The sources of resistance were derived from the hybridization and screen-ing
program of Gregory, Jensen, and Cooper in 1946. One of these lines resistant
to Southern stem rot was found to be resistant to Cylindrocladium black rot and
was released as elite germplasm NC 3033 in 1976. Several advanced breeding
lines are being evaluated for resistance to Cylindrocladium black rot for possible
release as varieties.
36