000419Aaron
*
---
Aaron was a "white" trader who in 1854 had obtained a mining concession in the
Swakop/Kuiseb area from the Captain of the Orlam Afrikaners, Jonker Afrikaner. Possibly he
was identical with Aaron de Pass. Aaron de Pass had commenced fishing operations at Walvis
Bay in 1852, while Barry Munnik from Cape Town had established himself in this industry in
early 1859, and William Latham was fishing there in the late 1860s. The fish was generally
dried and then exported to Mauritius. Owing to the inadequate infrastructure, there was
too much sand in the dried fish. As a result the prices received for the final fish
product were so low that the venture did not prove economically feasible. Small-scale
fishing operations and whaling did, however, continue.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: TRA
Profession: Trader

000124Abraham
*
---
Abraham was one of the Witbooi Nama who left Gibeon with Hendrik Witbooi in 1884.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

000354Abrahams, Kenneth Godfrey, Dr.
* 25.10.1936 in the Cape Province, South Africa
---
Kenneth Godfrey Abrahams was born on 25.10.1936 in the Cape Province in South Africa. He
obtained a M.B.Ch.B. degree from the University of Cape Town, a D.V.D.T.M. & H. degree
from Liverpool University in the United Kingdom and a M.D. from the University of
Stockholm in Sweden. He joined the Ovamboland People's Congress (OPC) in 1957 and SWAPO in
1960. While he studied at the University of Cape Town, he belonged to the secret Maoist Yo
Chi Chan movement as well as the National Unity Movement (NUM) which rivalled the African
National Congress (ANC) in strength among Cape Coloureds in the Western Cape. He was the
editor of the "SWA Observer and Commentator" in Cape Town in 1960/61. In 1962 he
moved to Rehoboth with his wife (Ottilié, married in 1961) to open a medical practice
there and was granted citizenship of the "Baster Gebied". In 1963 the Yo Chi
Chan's planned guerrilla activities in South Africa were discovered and the Abrahams
tipped off about their imminent arrest by the South African authorities in Rehoboth. When
security police arrived to arrest the couple, elders in the "Baster Gebied"
(i.a. Hermanus Christoffel Beukes) threatened bloodshed which led to the retreat of the
police. Soon afterwards the SA authorities gave him indemnity to stay. However, Abrahams
decided to go into exile to Botswana together with Andreas Shipanga who was at this stage
a National Organiser for SWAPO and the Baster Paul Smit. They were escorted to Ghanzi in
Botswana and received residence permits. On the way to Lobatse, still in Botswana, they,
together with Hermanus Beukes, an elder on the Baster Council and petitioner at the United
Nations, were kidnapped by three South African policemen in an unmarked truck and brought
to Gobabis. There they were jailed and charged to have left Namibia illegally. Abrahams'
father-in-law, Otto Ferdinand Schimming, discovered that he was jailed at Gobabis and the
situation received world-wide publicity. Abrahams was flown into Cape Town and charged
with sabotage while the South African Police claimed they had arrested him near Gobabis in
Namibia. The British High Commission in Botswana and the British Embassy in South Africa
launched an investigation and instituted Habeas Corpus proceedings at the South African
Supreme Court which eventually led to his release back to Botswana. From there the
Abrahams left for Dar-Es-Salaam in Tanzania. Both were appointed to the SWAPO Central
Committee. The Abrahams couple was expelled from SWAPO in 1964, allegedly on the
initiative of Emil Appolus. The couple settled then in Lusaka in Zambia, where Abrahams
practised as a medical doctor. Political pressure eventually led to the couple being
declared prohibited immigrants. 1968, Abrahams evaded the Zambian Police and fled again to
Tanzania while his wife was arrested and imprisoned with their youngest child. Accompanied
by much public furore over the popular "doctor freedom fighter", Ottilié was
released and rejoined her husband in Sweden where they lived until 1978. On 10.06.1978
Abrahams was, together with Andreas Shipanga, a founding member of a new political party,
the SWAPO-Democrats (SWAPO-D). He returned to Namibia in 1978 as a SWAPO-D office bearer.
He also was a member of the Namibia National Front (NNF, formed in 1977) until 1980 when
he joined the Namibia Independence Party (NIP). Since then he was active in community
issues and grassroot development projects and a number of committees including the Namibia
Nationhood Co-ordinating Committee. He was also a member of the Namibian Educational Forum
(NEF). Abrahams edited the "Namibian Review". Since 1989, he was the NNF
Information Secretary. He doesn't play an active role in Namibian politics any more.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL MED
Profession: Medical doctor

000355Abrahams, Ottilié Grete
[Schimming, Ottilié - birth name]
* 02.09.1937 at Windhoek
---
Ottilié Grete Abrahams, née Schimming, was born on 02.09.1937 at Windhoek. Her parents
were Otto Ferdinand Schimming and Charlotte Schimming, née Freiser. She received her
education at the Primary School in Windhoek and the Secondary School at the Zonnebloem
College in Cape Town, South Africa. She matriculated at the Trafalgar High School in Cape
Town in 1954. She obtained a BA degree and a Higher Primary Teacher's Certificate from the
University of Cape Town (UCT) in 1961. She joined the SWA Student Body as a founding
member in 1952, which was reconstituted 1955 as the SWA Progressive Association (SWAPA) to
campaign for improved "black" education facilities. Its newspaper, the South
West News, was banned for its nationalist content in 1960. 1957 she became a Member of the
Cape Peninsula Student's Union. She joined the Ovamboland People's Congress (OPC) in 1957
and SWAPO 1960. In 1961 Ottilié Schimming married Kenneth Godfrey Abrahams. While the
couple studied at the University of Cape Town, they belonged to the secret Maoist Yo Chi
Chan movement as well as the National Unity Movement (NUM) which rivalled the African
National Congress (ANC) in strength among Cape Coloureds in the Western Cape. After her
completion of her studies at the UCT, she taught at the Trafalgar High School and
Alexander Sinton High School at Cape Town. In 1962 the couple moved to Rehoboth where
Kenneth opened a medical practice. In 1963 the Yo Chi Chan's planned guerrilla activities
in South Africa were discovered and the Abrahams tipped off about their imminent arrest by
the South African authorities in Rehoboth. When security police arrived to arrest the
couple, elders in the "Baster Gebied" (i.a. Hermanus Christoffel Beukes)
threatened bloodshed which led to the retreat of the police. Soon afterwards the SA
authorities gave them indemnity to stay. However, Kenneth Abrahams decided to go into
exile to Botswana together with Andreas Shipanga who was at this stage a National
Organiser for SWAPO and the Baster Paul Smit. They were escorted to Ghanzi in Botswana and
received residence permits. On the way to Lobatse, still in Botswana, they, together with
Hermanus Beukes, an elder on the Baster Council and petitioner at the United Nations, were
kidnapped by three South African policemen in an unmarked truck and brought to Gobabis.
There they were jailed and charged to have left Namibia illegally. Ottilié's father, Otto
Ferdinand Schimming, discovered that they were jailed at Gobabis and the situation
received world-wide publicity. Abrahams was flown into Cape Town and charged with sabotage
while the South African Police claimed they had arrested him near Gobabis in Namibia. The
British High Commission in Botswana and the British Embassy in South Africa launched an
investigation and instituted Habeas Corpus proceedings at the South African Supreme Court
which eventually led to his release back to Botswana. There the Abraham couple was
re-united and both went into exile 1963 to Tanzania. Both were appointed to the SWAPO
Central Committee. The Abrahams couple was expelled from SWAPO in 1964, allegedly on
the initiative of Emil Appolus. The couple settled then in Lusaka in Zambia, where
Abrahams practised as a medical doctor and Ottilié taught at the Chizongwe Secondary
School and Lusaka Girls' School. Political pressure eventually led to the couple being
declared prohibited immigrants. 1968, Abrahams evaded the Zambian Police and fled to
Tanzania while his wife was arrested and imprisoned with their youngest child. Accompanied
by much public furore over the popular "doctor freedom fighter", Ottilié was
released and rejoined her husband in Sweden where they lived until 1978. While in Sweden,
Ottilié continued her university studies. She obtained a MA degree from Stockholm
University in 1974. However, she didn't complete her Ph.-D. thesis at Stockholm University
(1974-1978). On 10.06.1978 she was, together with Kenneth Abrahams and Andreas Shipanga, a
founding member of a new political party, the SWAPO-Democrats (SWAPO-D). She returned to
Namibia in 1978 as a SWAPO-D office bearer. She also was a member of the Namibia National
Front (NNF, formed in 1977) until 1980 when she joined the Namibia Independence Party
(NIP) where she became the Secretary-General and Secretary for Information and Publicity.
Since then she was active in community issues and grassroot development projects and a
number of committees: She became the Chairlady of the People's Action Committee
(anti-conscription in the South African Army) in 1981, in 1984 she was active in the
Action Manpower Bureaus and in the Action General Sales Tax. In 1985 she was involved in
the Action Site and Service. In the same year she became the Director of the Jakob MarengoTutorialCollege in Khomasdal. She was also active in the Namibia
Nationhood Co-ordinating Committee and a member of the Namibian Educational Forum (NEF).
Ottilié Abrahams also edited the "Namibian Review". She was the Chairlady of
the Khomasdal Civic Association (KCA). In 1989 she was elected as NNF Secretary-General.
After the independence of Namibia she didn't play an active role in Namibian politics any
more.---
Gender: f
Field of activity: POL

000335Adrian, Friedrich Wilhelm Jacob
* 18.07.1883 at Ahaus, Germany
+ .1953 at Windhoek
First entry to Namibia: 1904
---
Friedrich Wilhelm Jacob Adrian was born on 18.07.1883 in Ahaus, Germany. He came to
Namibia in 1904 as a Schutztruppe soldier, and fought in the German-Namibian War
1903-1908. Adrian worked later as a clerk (Zahlmeister) with the Lüderitz railway, then
in a managerial position with the Pomona-Diamantengesellschaft, later with CDM until 1940.
He was interned from 1942-1946 in Andalusia in South Africa. Adrian died 1953 in Windhoek.
---
Gender: m

Married to: Käthe Adrian, née Kirschenlohr, married 1918-

Namibia National Archives Database

002309Africa, Ben, Dr., Baster Captain
* 13.10.1938 at Rehoboth
+ at Rehoboth
---After the crushing of the Baster Uprising in 1925, the third Baster
Captain, Albert Mouton, was deposed by the South Africans (legally already in 1924:
Proclamation No. 31 of 1924 which transferred all powers of the Baster Captain, Raad
and Judiciary to the Rehoboth Magistrate). Ben Africa was only in 1977 elected as fourth
Baster Captain (until 1979). Ben Africa was born on 13.10.1938 at Rehoboth.
He matriculated at the Athlone High School in Cape Town in South Africa in 1957. He
graduated from the University of Cape Town Medical School in 1964 with a bursary of the
SWA Administration. As a student in Cape Town he steered away from active politics but
narrowly missed expulsion from medical school after openly speaking out about
discrimination on campus: "black" students could not attend post mortems on
"whites", but "white" students could dissect "black"
corpses. He was appointed as first Resident District Surgeon of Rehoboth in 1966. In 1971,
however,the Rehoboth Baster Association (RBA) was constituted by
Ben Africa, John McNab and Piet Junius. The new party was founded mainly as a result of
the refusal of the then ruling Rehoboth Volksparty (Rehoboth People's Party) to negotiate
with the SWA Administration to relieve the problems caused by a major gastro-enteritis
epidemic in the "Baster Gebied". Ben Africa represented the Baster in the
Turnhalle Constitutional Conference (01.09.1975). The RBA joined the Democratic Turnhalle
Alliance (DTA) in November 1977. On 03.10.1977 an election was held for a Kaptein
(Captain) for Rehoboth in terms of the Rehoboth Self-Government Act, No. 56 of 1976. The
election was narrowly won by Ben Africa, leader of the Baster delegation at the Turnhalle
Conference and of the Baster Vereniging. His opponent was Johannes (Hans) Gerard
Adolf Diergaardt of the Rehoboth Liberation Party. Diergaardt challenged the outcome of
the election in court, and the court consequently ruled that Africa could not be installed
as Kaptein of the Rehoboth Gebied. On 31.10.1977 elections for the Rehoboth Volksraad
were held and won by Diergaardt. Consequently he became the fifth and last Baster Captain
in 1979. On 03.07.1978 Ben Africa became Vice-President of the DTA. He also was the
Chairman of the Turnhalle Credentials Committee and the Committee on Discriminatory
Practices affecting labour conditions and salaries. He was a Member of the first
"Interim's" National Assembly in 1979 and a Member of the first
"Interim's" Ministers' Council from 1980 to 1983. In November 1986 the
Progressive Peoples Party (PPP) was formed after the RBA split. The RBA was renamed
the Rehoboth Democratic Turnhalle Alliance Party (RDTAP) and was led by Ben Africa.---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POLMarried: <1>Marjory Judith: two children<2>Ida Kroukamp: one son

000481Afrika, Jonathan
*
+ .188?
---
Jonathan Afrika was a courageous Bechuana and excellent marksman initially in the employ
of the trader Thomas Morris, but joined Charles John Andersson's service in 1853, when he
guided Andersson and Galton when they attempted to open up the route between Walvis Bay
and Ngamiland. In 1875, he was hunting in the Pandamatenga area for George Westbeech. He
was forbidden to hunt in the Mangwato area by Bechuana Chief Khama because of his
poaching. In June 1884, he was at the Zambezi, recovering after having been mauled by a
wounded lioness. He was killed in an ambush some time between 1886 and 1889, while driving
Andersson's cattle in the vicinity of Rehoboth.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Andersson, 1853:863, 1861:86-87; v.Schumann;

000482Afrikaner, Beetje
[Boois, Beetje - birth name]
[Booi, Beetje - birth name]
* .1790
---
Beetje Afrikaner was born ca. 1790. She was was the daughter or sister of Jan Booi (s) of
Bethany. She became the wife of Jonker Afrikaner. Beetje became politically active in the
1860s after Jonker's death. She had at least five children.
---
Gender: f

Married to: Jonker Afrikaner
RAW DATA: Lau, 1985:V1241;

000453Afrikaner, Christian, !Gû-!gôun or Nauba-xu gye |ki-khoen or |Aixa|aen
Captain (Orlam Afrikaner)
[|Haragab - Nama name]
*
+ 15.06.1863 at Otjimbingwe
---
Christian Afrikaner was the son of Jonker and Beetje Afrikaner. His Nama name was |Haragab
(like his brother Jan Jonker). He succeeded his father as Chief of the Orlam Afrikaners
after the latter's death in August 1861. He was the fifth in the genealogy of the Orlam
Afrikaners. On 04.06.1863 he wrote to Charles John Andersson: "Furthermore, I must
say that you wish to steal the land, even though you know that it has always belonged to
us. Because you did not not know how to get the land, you decided the following: 'Let me
instigate and support the Herero against the people'. So that they shall kill me and all
my people. In this way you would get the land. That is why you have strengthened these
people with guns and powder." Consequently Christian was killed a little bit later,
on 15.06.1863, in an attack on Maharero's settlement at Otjimbingwe by "Andersson's
private army". This marked the erosion of Orlam Afrikaner power. His brother David,
his uncles Jonas and Jager and his adviser Timotheus were killed in the same attack.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Functions: Captain - Orlam Afrikaner - 1861-1863

000484Afrikaner, David
[Afrikaner, Hendrik - alternative name]
*
+ 01.05.1849 at Blydeverwacht
---
David Afrikaner was also known as Hendrik Afrikaner. He was the brother of the old Jager
Afrikaner, and uncle of Jonker. David Afrikaner was leader, evangelist and interpreter at
Blydeverwacht, which was one of the main settlements of the Orlam Afrikaners (|Aixa|aen)
remaining behind when Jonker left for northern Namaland and Damaraland in the 1830s. He
died on 01.05.1849 at Blydeverwacht.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

000485Afrikaner, David, (Jnr.)
*
+ 15.06.1863 at Otjimbingwe
---
David Afrikaner (Jnr.) was the son of Jonker and Beetje Afrikaner. He was killed in an
attack on Maharero's settlement at Otjimbingwe on 15.06.1863. His brother Christian and
his uncles Jonas and Jager were killed in the same attack.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

000486Afrikaner, Jager, !Gû-!gôun or Nauba-xu gye |ki-khoen or |Aixa|aen Captain
(Orlam Afrikaner)
[Afrikaner, Christian - baptism name][|Hom|aramab - Nama name]
* at Roode Zand, South Africa
+ .1823 at Blydeverwacht
---
Jager Afrikaner was the son of Klaas Afrikaner. He was the third in the genealogy of the
Orlam Afrikaners. He was born at Roode Zand in South Africa. Initially, the family were
dependants of the Dutch farmer Pienaar in the Cape Colony, but after murdering Pienaar in
March 1796, they moved to Blydeverwacht, where they gradually established themselves as a
powerful group, which became known as Orlam Afrikaners (also: |Aixa|aen), entirely
independent of the Cape authorities and Dutch farmers. Jager was baptised in 1815 (named
Christian) three months after destroying Warmbad, and stopped cattle raiding commandos
until his death in 1923. He was one of the founders of Namibia's first
systematic settlement in an engineering sense, ||Khauxa!nas or Schans Vlakte which
was discovered by Klaus Dierks in 1987. His successor was his son Jonker Afrikaner
(|Hara-mûb or |Hoa|aramab)(1823-1861).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

000487Afrikaner, Jager, (Jnr.)
* .1820
+ 15.06.1863 at Otjimbingwe
---
Jager Afrikaner (Jnr.) was born ca. 1820. He was one of Jonker Afrikaner's brothers who
left Blydeverwacht with him in 1823. He was killed in an attack on Maharero's settlement
at Otjimbingwe on 15.06.1863. His brother Jonas and his nephews Christian and David were
killed in the same attack.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Lau, 1985:V1241; v.Schumann;

000126Afrikaner, Jakob Jager
[Afrikaner, Jakobus Jager - alias]
[Jager, Jakobus - alias]
*
---
Jakob Jager Afrikaner was an office bearer under Hendrik Witbooi. He was also his
son-in-law. He was a school teacher and interpreter at Rietmond after 1894.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: EDU

RAW DATA: BRMG 1905:162;

000127Afrikaner, Jan Jonker, !Gû-!gôun or Nauba-xu gye |ki-khoen or |Aixa|aen
Captain (Orlam Afrikaner)
[|Haramumab - Nama name]
[|Hoa-|arab - Nama name]
* .?.1820
+ 10.08.1889 at Tsaobis
---
Jan Jonker Afrikaner was the son of Jonker Afrikaner and Beetje Boois of Bethany. He was
born around 1820. He succeeded his brother Christian as Chief of the Orlam Afrikaners
(|Aixa|aen)in 1863. His Nama name is variously given as |Haramumab or |Hoa-|arab. He was
the sixth and last in the genealogy of the Orlam Afrikaners. He married Mietje Hendrik in
Bethany in December 1842. After considerable internal conflict, he succeeded his older
brother Christian as Captain after the latter's death in June 1863. Under him, the
Afrikaners lost their position of political dominance in central Namibia. In December 1867
he had to flee to Walvis Bay, after he unsuccessfully tried to again attack Otjimbingwe.
Some days later (22.12.1867) a commando from Otjimbingwe surprised Jan Jonker in Anawood
and defeated him crushingly. In May 1870 Jan Jonker Afrikaner tried to persuade Maharero
to form an "anti-European alliance", but Maharero declined the peace offer under
the influence of the Rhenish Missionary, Carl Hugo Hahn. In September 1870 Jan Jonker took
part in the Peace Conference of Okahandja. In 1876 negotiations between William Coates
Palgrave and Jan Jonker ended unsuccessfully. In 1878 Jan Jonker participated in a
Conference of Hoachanas, which was boycotted by a majority of Namibian leaders. In January
1879, Jan Jonker sent a petition to the British authorities in the Cape Colony for
protection of the Orlam Afrikaners which was declined by the British in January 1880.
After the outbreak of a renewed Ovaherero-Nama War on 23.08.1880, Jan Jonker was defeated
by Wilhelm Maharero in the Battle of Otjikango on 12.12.1880. For the first part of the
1880s, the Afrikaners under Jan Jonker and the Witboois under Moses were allies. In
November 1881 Jan Jonker with his Witbooi allies was defeated by the Ovaherero in the
Battle of Osona. Jan Jonker fled to the Gamsberg area. In February 1885 Jan Jonker
concluded a private treaty with Adolf Lüderitz. In May 1885 he sold very large tracts of
his territory to German colonial agents, and shortly afterwards (January 1886) signed a
Protection Treaty with Germany. As from 1888 (perhaps September 1887) he was fighting
actively against Hendrik Witbooi. He was finally defeated by Witbooi near Tsaobis in
August 1889, and allegedly shot by his son Phanuel on 10.08.1889. For a critical
discussion of the stories of his death, see Witbooi (1989:170). He was buried on Farm
Jonkersgrab No. 7. The Orlam Afrikaners' polity ceased to exist.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

000488Afrikaner, Jonas
*
+ 15.06.1863 at Otjimbingwe
---
Jonas Afrikaner was one of Jonker Afrikaner's younger brothers who lived near Windhoek
during the 1840s and 1850s. He was killed in an attack on Maharero's settlement at
Otjimbingwe on 15.06.1863. His brother Jonas and his nephews Christian and David were
killed in the same attack.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Lau, 1985:V1241; v.Schumann;

000338Afrikaner, Jonker, !Gû-!gôun or Nauba-xu gye |ki-khoen or |Aixa|aen
Captain (Orlam Afrikaner)
[|Hara-mûb - Nama name]
[|Hoa|aramab - alternative Nama name]
[Kakuoko - Otjiherero name]
* .1785 at Roode Zand (Groot Vlakte) near Tulbagh, South Africa
+ 18.08.1861 at Okahandja
---
Jonker Afrikaner (|Hara-mûb) was born ca. 1785 at Roode Zand (Groot Vlakte) near Tulbagh
in the Cape Colony in South Africa. His father was Jager Afrikaner (1760-1823). He
followed him as Captain of the Orlam Afrikaners (|Aixa|aen) in 1823. He was the fourth in
the genealogy of the Orlam Afrikaners. He left his father's settlement at Blydeverwacht
(||Khauxa!nas - Schans Vlakte) in 1823 for central Namibia together with three brothers
and some 300 followers, and established a large settlement at Windhoek around 1840 or
before.

In 1825 he expressed the wish to have his own
missionary. From then until his death, he and his Raad played a prominent role in
Nama- and Damaraland, thereby creating a powerful, if rudimentary, state. In the 1830s he
strengthened his power over the central and southern parts of Namibia. He established an
alliance with the Kai||khaun. In 1836/37 he persuaded the British explorer James Edward
Alexander to arrange for a missionary for him. In 1840 Jonker built a church for a
congregation of between 500 and 600 in Klein-Windhoek. In 1842 the first two missionaries
of the Rhenish Missionary Society (Carl Hugo Hahn and Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt) arrived
in Windhoek.

In the 1840s Jonker Afrikaner commenced his
road building activities in central and southern Namibia (over the Auas Mountains to the
south and the northern Bay Road from Windhoek to Walvis Bay). During this time he tried to
subjugate the Ovaherero. The Ovaherero chiefs Tjamuaha (born ca. 1790) and Maharero (born
1820) were forced to settle in Windhoek. The Ovaherero chiefs Tjamuaha and Oove ua Muhoko
Kahitjene formed an alliance with Jonker (Christmas Peace of 1842). In August 1843 he
asked Rhenish Missionary Heinrich Kleinschmidt to write a letter to Abraham Christian from
the !Gami-#nun (Bondelswarts), not to proceed with his plans to attack the Ovaherero,
together with the Kai||khaun (Red Nation of Hoachanas). In 1844 ||Oaseb from the
Kai||khaun attacked Ovaherero leader Kahitjene without Jonker lifting a finger to assist
him. Kahitjene's defeat can be directly attributed to his attempt to have tried to win
independent access to arms and horses, with assistance of Rhenish missionary Carl Hugo
Hahn.

1844 Jonker invited the Wesleyan missionaries
Richard Haddy and Joseph Tindall to Windhoek, in order to replace the Rhenish missionaries
(Carl Hugo Hahn and Heinrich Kleinschmidt) who interfered to much in Jonker's policies. In
1846 Jonker levelled serious accusations against missionary Hahn, whom he considered
responsible for the outbreak of hostilities between the Nama and Ovaherero. Hahn, on the
other side, accused the Wesleyan Missionary Society to tolerate Jonker's attacks against
the Ovaherero. Hahn regarded Jonker and ||Oaseb as the centres of an Anti-European
Missionary coalition. In 1849 the hostilities between Jonker and the Ovaherero and the
Ovambanderu increased. In 1850 Jonker was pivotal in establishing the first copper mines
in the Khomas Hochland (Aaron de Pass: Pomona Mining Company). In August 1850 Jonker
attacked Okahandja and the Rhenish missionary station there. In 1852 Jonker continued his
attacks on the Ovaherero (Tjamuaha and Maharero were attacked at Otjosemba). In 1854
Jonker moved to Okahandja in order to control the Ovaherero and the Rhenish missionaries.
In the late 1850s conflicts between Jonker and other Namaland communities like ||Oaseb of
the Kai||khaun and Willem Swartbooi (!Huiseb #Haobemab) increased. But the dividing lines
between Jonker and other Nama communities were not clear cut and changed constantly. The
Hoachanas Peace Accord of January 1858 again established an alliance between Jonker
Afrikaner and ||Oaseb.The political constellation as it
consolidated itself in the late 1850s can be described as follows: The chiefs ||Oaseb of
the Kai||khaun, Amraal Lambert or #Gai|nub of the Kai|khauan, Piet Koper !Gamab of the
Fransman Nama or !Khara-khoen, Hendrik Henricks or !Nanib gaib #Arisemab of the ||Hawoben
and Jacobus Boois from Bethany supported Jonker Afrikaner, while Willem Swartbooi or
!Huiseb #Haobemab from Rehoboth, the chiefs from Bethany (David Christian
Frederiks) and Berseba and later Kido Witbooi or #A-||êib from
Gibeon, assisted by Captain Tseib from Keetmanshoop, represented the anti-Jonker
coalition. The Rhenish missionaries and European traders greatly added to these
polarisations of different Namibian groups. The intent was to destroy Jonkers
nascent state structures in order to weaken any local political power that might have
resisted the missionaries objectives and later colonial annexation. Jonkers
slogan: "Africa to Africans, but Namaland and Hereroland to us" was a
challenge which was not acceptable to the missionaries.

In the early 1860s Jonker expanded his
attacks into Ovamboland and the Kaokoveld in the north. The economic power increasingly
slipped out of the hands of the Namibian leaders and passed into the hands of European
traders and missionaries. A new form of European colonial domination was unofficially
introduced by the missionary-trader alliance long before the colonial annexation took
place. This development paved the way for the overthrow of Jonker Afrikaner's sovereignty
in the 1860s. On 18.08.1861 Jonker Afrikaner died in Okahandja. He was married to Beetje
Boois, sister or daughter of Jan Boois of Bethany. He was one of the most controversial
figures of Namibian history, although his key role in the history of the central part of
the country as a powerful ruler is uncontested. His successor was Christian Afrikaner
(|Haragab (like his brother Jan Jonker Afrikaner))(1861-1863).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

002153Afrikaner, Klaas, !Gû-!gôun or Nauba-xu gye |ki-khoen or |Aixa|aen Captain
(Orlam Afrikaner)
[!Garuhamab - Nama name]
*
---
Klaas Afrikaner (!Garuhamab) was the father of Jager Afrikaner and grandfather of Jonker
Afrikaner (around 1760). He was the second in the genealogy of the Orlam Afrikaners (after
"Old Afrikaner or "Oude Ram" who died before 1760 in Cape Town). Although
data are scanty, it is known that from 08.-15.12.1779 Klaas
Afrikaner was at Warmbad, which may also contain a clue to the foundation of ||Khauxa!nas
(Schans Vlakte). Klaas and the Boer Pienaar accompanied William Paterson and Robert Gordon
on a journey to the Oranje River region in this year.In
1793, Klaas Afrikaner and his followers conducted a commando campaign against the
"Bastaard Hottentotten", the descendants of Nama and slaves who had migrated
northwards into Namibia. During the course of this campaign, which was undertaken on
behalf of the South African Cape Government, the Orlam Afrikaners moved deep into Namibia.
On their return to the Oranje River they were caught up in a skirmish with Guilliam
Visagie, the first "white" settler in Namibia itself, who had established
himself in #Nu#goaes (Swartmodder, later Keetmanshoop). It must have been at this time,
between 1796 and the turn of the century, that Klaas Afrikaner and his followers
established ||Khauxa!nas to the east of the Great Karas Mountains as a hidden retreat and
"impregnable fortification" against possible attempts at pursuit by the Cape
authorities, although the only primary historical source to support this is the Wesleyan
Missionary Benjamin Ridsdale. Around the turn of the 18th century Klaas Afrikaner handed
over the leadership over the Orlam Afrikaners to his son, Jager Afrikaner, also known as
|Hom|aramab.
---
Gender: mField of activity: POL

Raw Data: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000492Afrikaner, Klaas
[!Garuhamab - Nama name]
*
---
Klaas Afrikaner was the son of Jager Afrikaner and nephew of Jonker Afrikaner. No further
details could be traced.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

000489Afrikaner, Samuel
*
---
Samuel Afrikaner was a Griqua who was either related to, or a subject of, Jan Jonker
Afrikaner. He, with a group of Nama and Bushmen, attacked the expedition of Robert Lewis,
James Todd and J.J.L. Smuts in Kaokoland in 1864, and was involved in a skirmish with the
expedition of William Coates Palgrave near Namutoni on 28.04.1866.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Vedder, 1985:502; Stals, 1991:xiv,13;

000493Afrikaner, Simon
*
---
Simon Afrikaner was the uncle of Jonker Afrikaner. He joined Jonker in the late 1840s with
some followers from Blydeverwacht. He is referred too by Rhenish Missionary Carl Hugo Hahn
as "the pious Simon".
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

000494Afrikaner, Titus
*
---
Titus Afrikaner was the uncle of Jonker Afrikaner. He visited Jonker Afrikaner but never
settled near him with his followers.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

000420Ahrens, Christian
*
+ 03.01.1905 at Haruchas
---
Christian Ahrens was a Schutztruppe officer (Oberleutnant, Regiments-Adjutant im 2.
Feldregiment). He died in action on 03.01.1905 during the German-Nama War,
1903-1913 at Haruchas near Gochas.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL
Profession: Military officer

00083Albat, Ernst Wilhelm
* 04.07.1919 at Neuenrode bei Königsberg, Germany (now Russian Federation)
+ 25.06.1997 in Namibia
---
Ernst Wilhelm Albat was born on 04.07.1919 in Neuenrode near Königsberg, Germany (today
Russian Federation). In the early 1950s he came to Namibia as farmer for the Rhenish
Mission farms Ganachanas and Gaub. After retirement in the 1980s, he established himself
on a smallholding. From 1980 until his death on 25.06.1997, he was the chairperson of the
Otavi Mountains local group of the Namibia Scientific Society. He married Emmy Probst in
1943.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: AGR
Profession: Farmer
Functions: Chairman - Namibia Scientific Society, Ortsgruppe Otavibergland

Married to: Emmy Albat, née Probst, married 1943

Namibia National Archives Database

000661Albes, Louis
* 22.10.1877 at Nienburg/Weser, Germany
+ 27.08.1957 at Hannover, Germany
First entry to Namibia: 16.07.1901
Last departure from Namibia: 1919
---
Louis Albes was born on 22.10.1877 at Nienburg in Germany. He landed in Namibia on
16.07.1901 in Lüderitz as part of a Schutztruppe reinforcement of 50 soldiers under the
command of Hauptmann Josef Bischoff. He first served on the Oranje River boundary, later
in Outjo (1902-1904), then participated in the German-Namibian War of 1903-1908; i.a. he
fought in the battles of Otjihinamaparero (25.02.1904) and Gross-Nabas (January 1905). On
09.02.1908 he left the Schutztruppe to serve in the police force (Landespolizei),
apparently in the so-called "diamond police" of the
"Sperrgebiet". He was again in active military service in World War I, he was
taken prisoner by South African Union forces on 27 April 1915 at the battle of Gibeon,
interned in Kimberley and Aus, released in November 1916. He subsequently lived in
Lüderitz and was repatriated to Germany in 1919, where he lived in Hannover-Bemerode
until his death on 27.08.1957. He was married to Ida (née ??) at Lüderitz in August
1912.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL

000448Albrecht, Abraham
* 01.1778 in Germany
+ 10.07.1810 at Farm Honingberg, Cape Colony, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1806
Last departure from Namibia: 1811
---
Together with his brother Christian, Abraham Albrecht was the first missionary (London
Missionary Society) to come to Namibia. He was born in January 1778 in Germany. The
Albrecht brothers settled at Blyde Uitkomst (Blydeverwacht) in February 1806, but moved to
Warmbad in October the same year. However, they were compelled to evacuate the station at
Warmbad in 1811 on account of an impending attack by Orlam Afrikaner commandos. He died
from tuberculosis on 10.07.1810 at the farm Honingberg in the Cape Colony in South Africa.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

Copyright of Photo: Dr. Klaus Dierks (Old "Pastorie" built on the
foundations of Albrecht's house)

000356Albrecht, Ferdinand W. K. P.
* 16.01.1895 at Hannover, Germany
First entry to Namibia: April 1914
---
Ferdinand Albrecht was born on 16.01.1895 at Hannover in Germany. He came to Namibia in
April 1914. He was a director or board member of several fishing industry and investment
companies and SWANLA.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS
Profession: Industrialist and farmer

Father: Carl Albrecht
RAW DATA: WWSA 1959; WWSA 1974;

000449Albrecht, Johann Christian
[Albrecht, Christian]
* .1773 at Leitkirch, Germany
+ 25.07.1815 at Cape Town, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1806
Last departure from Namibia: 1811
---
Together with his brother Abraham, Johann Christian Albrecht was the first missionary
(London Missionary Society) to come to Namibia. He was born in 1773 at Leitkirch in
Germany. The Albrecht bothers settled at Blyde Uitkomst (Blydeverwacht) in February 1806,
but moved to Warmbad in October the same year. However, they were compelled to evacuate
the station at Warmbad in 1811 on account of an impending attack by Orlam Afrikaner
commandos. He then became a missionary at Pella. He married Sophie Burgmann on 05
.08.1810. He died on 25.07.1815 at Cape Town of tuberculosis.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

000744Alcock, George
*
---
George Alcock was a trader. He appears in Hendrik Witbooi's "debt book" as
a creditor, 1891.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS

Namibia National Archives Database

001943Aldersly, G.
* in England
First entry to Namibia: 1860
Last departure from Namibia: 1869
---
G. Aldersly was a British engineer who apparently came to Namibia as a tourist together
with A.B. Waddington. They came by sea from Cape Town to Angra Pequeña in February 1860
and traversed Namaland and Hereroland to Lake Ngami.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: ENG

RAW DATA: Tabler 1973:1+117;

000490Alexander, James Edward
* 16.10.1803 at Clackmannanshire, UK
+ 02.04.1885 at Isle of Wight, UK
First entry to Namibia: 24.11.1836
Last departure from Namibia: July 1837
---
James Edward Alexander was born on 16.10.1803 at Clackmannanshire in the United Kingdom.
He was a British army officer who was posted to South Africa in 1835, after having served
in Burma and Turkey. In 1836, he conducted an expedition to Namaqualand and Damaraland
(proceeding as far as Rehoboth, Tsebris and Walvis Bay) for the Royal Geographical
Society, and the journal of his expedition was published in 1838. He returned to England
in 1837, where he was knighted. In 1841, he was transferred to Canada, and then served in
various parts of the world until his retirement in 1881. He married Eveline Marie Mitchell
in October 1837. They had five children. He died on 02.04.1885 at the Isle of Wight in the
United Kingdom.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL
Profession: Military officer

001944Allen, John
* in England
---
John Allen was a hunter, trader's assistant, transport hand. He was a young Englishman who
left his ship at Walvis Bay and during September-October 1850 was in Larsen's employ at
his camp in Otjimbingwe. Allen was hired by Galton early in 1851, and he accompanied
Galton and Andersson to Ondonga and back to Gross Barmen, 03.03 to 04.08.1851. Larsen and
Allen started from Barmen to Walvis Bay with a wagon in August 1851 to fetch inland the
remainder of Galton's goods, while Galton and Andersson were visiting Gobabis and
Rietfontein, and they met Galton's party again east of Windhoek on 02.11.1851 and
accompanied it back to Barmen.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

002239Amatundu ga Nima, Ovamboland (Ongandjera) King
*+
---The third Ongandjera King on record was Amatundu ga Nima. He ruled
before 1858. The first 14 Ongandjera kings cannot be dated. His successor was the fourth
Ongandjera king Niita yIitula.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

002140Amaxab, !Gami-#nun Captain (Bondelswarts)*
+
---
!Gami-#nun (Bondelswart) Captain Amaxab was the successor to ||Nanib, before 1850. He was
the sixth in the recorded genealogy of the !Gami-#nun captains. His successor was |O-bib
(before 1860).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Traditional leader
Functions: Captain - Bondelswarts - before 1850

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000048Amathila, Ben[Amadhila, Ben - alternative spelling]
* 01.10.1939 at Walvis Bay
---
Ben Amathila was born on 01.10.1939 at Walvis Bay. He visited the Rhenish Mission School
at Tsumeb (a classmate of John Ya Otto) until 1954. Amathila went to the Augustineum
Training College Okahandja until 1958 when he was forced to leave school to work in the
Walvis Bay fish canneries Oceana from 1958-62. He became a member of the Ovamboland
People's Organisation (OPO) in 1958. Amathila was fired from his job in the Walvis Bay
Oceana cannery blamed for being the ring leader behind strikes there. He was unemployed
for three years during which time he worked towards the creation of SWAPO as Chairman of
the Western Region, based in Walvis Bay. He left for exile 1966 first to Botswana, living
there for over a year until getting into Zambia where he stayed for six months until
reaching Tanzania in 1968. He was appointed SWAPO Treasurer General and in 1969 organised
the Tanga Consultative Congress where he was elected Deputy Secretary for Education and
Culture. In 1971 he was appointed as Chief Representative for Scandinavia, West Germany
and Austria based in Stockholm. Amathila was elected as Secretary for Economic Affairs in
the SWAPO Enlarged Central Committee Meeting near Lusaka 1976. He became Secretary for
Economics on the SWAPO Central Committee 1989. He became the Regional Head, Swakopmund in
the Election Directorate 1989. He was a Member of the 1989 Constituent Assembly and a
Member of the National Assembly (1990-). On 21.03.1990 he was appointed as Minister for
Trade and Industry until 15.03.1993 when he was appointed as the new Minister for
Information and Broadcasting (until 21.03.2000). In the same year he
replaced Zephania Kameeta as Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly who became the Bishop
of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia. Amathila became the
Chairperson of the Archives of the Anticolonial Resistance and Liberation Struggle
(AACRLS) in 2001.---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Functions: Minister - Ministry of Trade and Industry - 1990-1993
Minister - Ministry of Information and Broadcasting - 1993-2000
Member of the National Assembly: 1990-Deputy Speaker of National Assembly 2001-
Chairman - Steering Committee: Archives of the Anticolonial Resistance and Liberation
Struggle (AACRLS): 2001-

000053Amathila, Libertine née Appolus, Dr.
* 10.12.1940 at Franzfontein
---
Libertine Amathila was born on 10.12.1940 at Franzfontein. She visited the Lutheran
Mission School at Franzfontein until Standard two and the Otjiwarongo Primary School until
Standard five. She visited the Augustineum Training College Okahandja, 1955-1957, until
the Standard eighth. She obtained the Senior Certificate at Wellington High School, Cape
Province, South Africa, in 1959. She received the M.B.Ch.B. at the Warsaw Medical Academy,
Poland, in 1969. She got Diplomas in Nutrition and Public Health from the London School of
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1972 and 1977-78. She obtained a M.B.Ch.B. and Swedish
Language Certificate from Stockholm in 1975. The studies in Pediatrics at Stockholm, 1975,
she didn't complete. She received a Diploma for Epidemology and French Language in Bamako,
Mali, 1980. Amathila went into exile 1962 via Botswana and Zimbabwe when she was nearly
caught travelling under a false name. She was helped by black policemen and spent another
five months and five days travelling via Lusaka to reach Tanzania. She took up a Polish
scholarship to study medicine to graduate 1969 as the first Namibian female doctor under
the SWAPO Nationhood Programme. She became Deputy Secretary for Health and Welfare on the
SWAPO Central Committee and Director of the SWAPO Women's Council (1969-1976) at the 1969
SWAPO Consultative Congress Tanga, Tanzania. After studies in London and Sweden, she
dropped further studies to go to Lusaka and help in the SWAPO refugee camps, 1975-1979
when she was transferred to Angola as the Director of the Children's Centre at Kwanza Sul.
Amathila shuttled from camp to camp organising various health and health organisation
projects. She was awarded with the Omugulu-gOmbashe Medal for Bravery and Long Service,
1987. She returned to Namibia as part of the SWAPO Election Directorate, 1989. She was a
Member of the 1989 Constituent Assembly and a Member of the National Assembly (1990-). On
21.03.1990 she was appointed as Minister for Local and Regional Government and Housing
until 12.09.1996 when she was appointed as the new Minister for Health and Social Services
(until date).
---
Gender: f
Field of activity: Medicine; POL
Profession: Medical Doctor
Functions: Deputy Secretary for Health and Welfare on the SWAPO Central Committee, before
1989.Head of Department, Medical Services and Social Welfare in the SWAPO Election
Directorate.Minister - Ministry of Regional and Local Government and Housing - 1990-1996Minister - Ministry of Health and Social Services - 1996-Member of the National Assembly: 1990-
Collections/Papers:1). Namibia Handbook and Political Who's Who, 1990 (Pütz, Von Egidy and Caplan)2). Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks)

002263Amukwa yAmunyela, Ovamboland (Uukwaluudhi)
King
*+
---The first Uukwaluudhi King on record was King Amukwa yAmunyela. He
ruled before 1850. The first seven Ongandjera kings cannot be dated. His successor was the
second Uukwaluudhi King Nakakwiila.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000086Amungulu, Naftalie
*
---
Naftalie Amungulu was arrested in late 1966. He was held in detention until charged June
1967 under the Terrorism Act. He was tried with other Namibians in the Pretoria Terrorism
Trial from September 1967 until February 1968. He was sentenced to life imprisonment
on Robben Island. This sentence was later reduced to 20 years on appeal.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

Collections/Papers:
1). NAN: PRI 3/20 (Prison file)

002253Amunyela gwa Tshaningwa, Ovamboland
(Ongandjera) King
* + .1862
---The fifteenth Ongandjera King on record was Amunyela gwa
Tshaningwa. He ruled from 1858 until 1862. The Ongandjera kingdom was at the peak of its
power. In 1862 the Ondonga King Shikongo sha Kalulu attacked the Ongandjera area, again
with military assistance from Jonker Afrikaner. The 15th Ongandjera King Amunyela gwa
Tshaningwa was killed. After that, the Ongandjera kingdom began to decline economically
and politically. Amunyela was succeeded for a short while by King Ekandjo lya Kadhila in
1862.---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

002246Amunyela gwIileka, Ovamboland (Ongandjera)
King
* +
---The eight Ongandjera King on record was Amunyela gwIileka. He ruled
before 1858. The first 14 Ongandjera kings cannot be dated. His successor was the ninth
Ongandjera king Asino.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

002248Amwaama, Ovamboland (Ongandjera) King
* +
---The tenth Ongandjera King on record was Amwaama. He ruled before
1858. The first 14 Ongandjera kings cannot be dated. His successor was the eleventh
Ongandjera king Tshaanika tsha Tshiimi.---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

000495Andersson, Charles John
[Andersson, Karl Johan - Swedish name form]
* 04.03.1827 at Vänersborg, Sweden
+ 06.07.1867 at Omutwe-Onjambu, Angola
---
Charles John Andersson was born at Vänersborg in Sweden as son of a Swedish mother and
British (Welsh) father on 04.03.1827. He travelled to Ovamboland in 1850 with Francis
Galton. He became manager of the Walvis Bay Mining Company in 1857. Andersson resigned
after a year, but on 25 April 1860 bought the Company's assets at Otjimbingwe and set up a
large trading centre there. On 24.09.1864, however, he sold all his assets at Otjimbingwe
to the Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft, represented by Carl Hugo Hahn. Finding himself at
the height of political conflict at the time, he became involved on the side of Ovaherero
against the Orlam Afrikaners. He died of malaria and dysentery on an expedition to
Ovamboland and Angola at Omutwe-Onjambu (Angola) on 06.07.1867. He was married to Sarah
Jane Aitchison on 25.07.1860 with four children.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS

001945Andersson, Charles Llewellyn
* 03.08.1861 at Cape Town, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1862
Last departure from Namibia: 1865
---
Charles Llewellyn Andersson was the eldest son of Charles John Andersson. He was born on
03.08.1861 at Cape Town in South Africa. As a child he lived with his parents at
Otjimbingwe for varying periods between January 1862 to May 1865.
---
Gender: m

000496Andersson, Sarah Jane
[Aitchison, Sarah Jane - birth name]
* .1832
+ 24.03.1917
---
Sarah Jane Andersson, née Aitchison, was born in 1832. She was the wife of Charles John
Andersson, whom she married on 25 July 1860. She apparently met her future husband in
1852, when he boarded at her mother's house in Cape Town after returning from his journeys
to Damaraland. Her husband's early death in 1867 left her with four children and no means,
and she was forced to start a haberdashery business, as her mother had done. She died on
24.03.1917.
---
Gender: f

000711Anderson, William James Gatherer
* 27.05.1888 at Pacaltsdorp, South Africa
---
William James Gatherer Anderson was born on 27.05.1888 at Pacaltsdorp in South Africa. He
was the headmaster of the Windhoek High School in the 1920s.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: EDU
Profession: Teacher

000421Andreas, Ovaherero Chief
*
+ .1906
---
Ovaherero Chief Andreas was an important leader of a Ovaherero unit in southern Namibia in
the German-Namibian War, 1903-1908. He was fighting at the side of Hendrik Witbooi, and
after Witbooi's death with Cornelius Frederiks. He was involved in the skirmishes of
Heusis on 25.03.1905 and Nubib on 13.09.1905. Andreas was seriously wounded in the battle
of Namtob on 11.02.1906. Allegedly he died of thirst soon thereafter.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL

000357Andrup, Hans Jorgen
* 21.02.1918 at Copenhagen, Denmark
---
Hans Jorgen Andrup was born on 21.02.1918 at Copenhagen in Denmark. He attended the
Technical Institute and the University of Copenhagen. He came to Namibia in 1951. He
worked as an architect and was also producer and director of drama for SWAPAC 1973.
---
Gender: m
Profession: Architect

001729Angebauer, Karl
* .1882 at Warsaw near Schwerin, Germany
+ 08.1952 at Berlin-Friedenau, Germany
First entry to Namibia: 1904
Last departure from Namibia: 1919
---
Karl Angebauer was born in 1882 at Warsaw near Schwerin in Germany. He came to Namibia
with Schutztruppe reinforcements in 1904 and spent 2 1/2 years as a soldier, then settled
as a farmer - first on Chudib at the Omuramba Ovambo, later near Nkurenkuru at the
Okavango. He was re-activated during World War I, then farmer on Steinau in the
Grootfontein District. He was deported to Germany in 1919. He started writing about his
African experiences and published many articles and several books, mostly on his hunting
adventures and travels through Ovamboland and the Kavango. He died in August 1952 in
Berlin-Friedenau.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL AGR WRI
Profession: Soldier Farmer Writer

Namibia National Archives Database

000050Angula, Helmut Pau Kangulohi
* 11.11.1945 at Otananga
---
Helmut Pau Kangulohi Angula was born on 11.11.1945 at Otananga. He received his schooling
in northern Namibia. He became active in SWAPO in 1963, went into exile through Botswana
in 1966 at the age of 21. Angula studied in Kabwe, Zambia and at the Voronesh University
in the Soviet Union. He graduated with a M.Sc. (Biology). Back to Zambia, he became
Vice-Principal of the SWAPO school at Old Farm, later Director of Nyango Health and
Education Centre, then SWAPO representative in (1977-1986) and at the United Nations
(1986-1989). He returned from exile in 1989. He was a Member of the Constituent Assembly
1989 and Member of the National Assembly, 1990-. He then held several deputy minister's
and minister's posts in the Namibian government. He published an autobiographical novel,
which appeared first in German translation (Die zweitausend Tage des Haimbodi ya Haufiku;
Bonn 1988) and then in English (The two thousand days of Haimbodi ya Haufiku; Windhoek
1990).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Functions: Central Committee Member - SWAPO - 1976-
Representative to the United Nations - SWAPO - 1986-1989
Deputy Minister of Mines and Energy - 1990-1991Minister of Fisheries - 1991-1995Minister of Finance - 1995-1996Minister of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development - 1996-Member of the Constituent Assembly, 1989Member of the National Assembly: 1990-

000052Angula, Nahas Gideon
* 22.08.1943 at Onyaanya
---
Nahas Gideon Angula was born 22.08.1943 at Onyaanya. He obtained his schooling at Onyaanya
Primary School and Oniipa Boy's School 1959. He achieved St. 6 at Engela Boy's School in
1961. Angula visited the Ongwediva Training College 1962 and obtained St. 8 at
Oshigambo Junior Secondary School. He received the O-Levels at Nkumbi International
College in Zambia in 1967 and a B.Ed. at the University of Zambia, 1969-72. After this he
went to the USA and obtained a MA degree from the Columbia University, New York in 1978
and a MEd from the same University. Angula became active in SWAPO in 1967 and went into
exile to Zambia in the same year. He was Secretary for Education in the SWAPO Politburo.
He became Head of the Department, Voter Registration in the SWAPO Election Directorate in
Windhoek in 1989, after having returned from exile in 1989. He was a Member of the
Constituent Assembly 1989 and Member of the National Assembly, 1990-. He then held two
minister's posts in the Namibian Government, the Minister of Education, Sport and Culture
from 1990 to 1995 and the Minister of Higher Education and Vocational Training from 1995
to date. During the SWAPO Central Committee Meeting from 02.04.2004 to 03.04.2004 in
Windhoek, Hifikepunye Lucas Pohamba (proposed by Sam Nujoma), Nahas Angula (proposed by
Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo, seconded by Libertine Amathila) and Hidipo Hamutenya (proposed by
Mosé Penaani Tjitendero, seconded by Hartmut Ruppel) were elected as the three SWAPO
presidential candidates for the Presidential Election 2004 in order to succeed the
President of the Republic of Namibia, Sam Nujoma. The sole SWAPO presidential candidate
will be elected during an Extraordinary SWAPO Congress at the end of May 2004. During the Extraordinary SWAPO Congress on 28. and 29.05.2004 over 500 delegates
from Namibias ruling SWAPO party were voting on a successor to President Sam Nujoma,
who has been the dominant political figure in Namibia for five decades. An inclusive first
round of secret balloting saw party Vice-President Hifikepunye Lucas Pohamba, handpicked
by Nujoma to be his successor, with the most votes - 213 out of 516 - but fell short of
the overall majority required to avoid another round of voting against his two rivals.
Foreign Minister Hidipo Hamutenya, who was dismissed in a surprise move by President
Nujoma on 21.05.2004 (together with his Deputy Minister, Kaire Mbuende), gathered 166
votes while Nahas Angula won 137 votes. Under SWAPO constitutional rules, Angula fell out,
and Pohamba and Hamutenya went into a second round of voting. In the second round, all but
one of Angulas votes went to Pohamba.---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Minister of Education, Culture and Sport - 1990-1995Minister of Higher Education and Vocational Training - 1995-Member of the Constituent Assembly, 1989Member of the National Assembly: 1990-

000384Ankama, Swapo Joseph
* .1962 at Oshaandja, Oshana Region
+ 28.01.2001 at Windhoek
---
Swapo Joseph Ankama was a SWAPO youth activist. He was born in 1962 at Oshaandja. He
joined SWAPO in 1976 and went into exile in the late 1970s; worked for SWAPO in exile in
various capacities from 1908-1988. Since 1990 he worked at the Ministry of Local
Government and Housing as Chief Clerk. He died on 28.01.2001 at Windhoek.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

001946Anthing
*
---
Anthing was a trader. He was once a magistrate at the copper mines in Little Namaland, and
in October 1874 he lived alone and traded at Goanikontes near Heigamchab on the Swakop
River. Anthing lived at Walvis Bay and at Naidaus in the late 1870s and was a resident of
Kimberley in 1890.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS
Profession: Trader

Namibia National Archives Database

000478Appolus, Putuse, Meekulu
*
+ 28.10.1986 at Lusaka, Zambia
---
"Meekulu" Putuse Appolus grew up in South Africa. She worked as a nurse in
Lüderitz and went into exile in 1961, where she served i.a. as SWAPO representative in
Algiers, and as a member of the SWAPO Central Committee. On 28.10.1986, she died in Lusaka
of a stroke.
---
Gender: f
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Nurse
Functions: Member - SWAPO Central Committee - -1986

000128Arie, Paul
*
---
Paul Arie was a Witbooi Council Member. Possibly he was in relation with Jan Arie(s), a
son-in-law of Jonker Afrikaner, frequently mentioned in mid-century missionary records.
Apparently he was not a member of the Gibeon community as there is no mention of this name
in the 'kerkboek'.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Lau 1995:227;

000129

#Ariseb (Kannamab), ||Hawoben Captain (Veldschoendrager)
*
---
#Ariseb (Kannamab) was a Captain of the Veldschoendragers (||Hawoben) around 1814. He was
the first in the recorded genealogy of the ||Hawoben. Heinrich Schmelen mentioned
"Kannamap Arrisip" (Captain of the "Field shoe wearers") in a letter
in 1814. #Ariseb died in 1837. He was succeeded by his son, Hendrik Henricks (!Naníb gaib
#Arisemab)(1837-1865).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

000479Arndt, Wilhelm Henry, Dr.
* 11.07.1909 at Kattowitz, Silesia, Germany (now Poland)
+ 09.06.1993 at Windhoek
First entry to Namibia: 1937
---
Wilhelm Henry Arndt was born on 11.07.1909 at Kattowitz in Germany. He studied law
at the universities Breslau (Germany, now Poland) and Aix-en-Provence (France). He came to
Namibia in 1937. He served in the South African Air Force 1942-1945 in the Middle East and
Italy. Since 1946, he was a businessman (B. Grundleger (Pty) Ltd.) in Windhoek. He died on
09.06.1993 at Windhoek.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: LAW
Profession: Lawyer
Functions: Vice-Chair - SWA Regional Red Cross
President - SWA Scientific Society - 1966-1976

000480Arnold, Augustus Conrad
* 04.02.1924 at Jamestown, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 10.01.1953
---
Augustus Conrad Arnold was born on 04.02.1924 in Jamestown, South Africa. He came to
Namibia in 1953 after serving at several South African municipalities, and served as
Windhoek Town Clerk from 1953- (into the 1970s).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: ADM
Functions: Town Clerk - Windhoek Municipality - 1953-

000370Arnot, Frederick Stanley
* .1858 at Glasgow, UK
+ .1914 at Johannesburg, South Africa
---
Frederick Stanley Arnot was born at Glasgow in 1858. He arrived in South Africa in 1881 as
an independent missionary connected with the Plymouth Brethren and proceeded north from
Durban, eventually reaching Lealui, the capital of the Lozi Kingdom ruled by King
Lewanika. After two years in the area, he moved on to Angola, then to Katanga. He wrote
prolifically about his travels, and his works offer some information on the Lozi Kingdom
when it ruled over the Caprivi region. In 1914, he died in Johannesburg.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

Namibia National Archives Database

000638Aschenborn, Dieter
* 15.11.1915 at Okahandja
+ 09.2002 at Windhoek
---
Dieter Aschenborn was born on 15.11.1915 at Okahandja. He was the son of the artist Hans
Anton Aschenborn. At the age of six, he moved with his family to Stellenbosch, then to
Kiel in Germany, where he was taught art by his father. Later he moved to South Africa as
a farmer, and was interned during World War II. Aschenborn served as the first game warden
in the Etosha National Park (1949- ), where he developed his technique of painting on
leather. He moved to Windhoek, where he became a full-time artist, doing graphic works,
paintings and sculptures, in particular wood reliefs, with a preference for wildlife
scenes. He designed many murals and interior decorations of public buildings in Namibia,
as well as postage stamps. He died in September 2002 at Windhoek.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: ART
Profession: Artist

000415Aschenborn, Hans Anton
* .1888 at Kiel, Germany
+ 04.10.1931 at Kiel, Germany
First entry to Namibia: 1909
Last departure from Namibia: 1920
---
Hans Anton Aschenborn was a German artist, poet and farmer. He was born in 1888 in Kiel as
son of a naval officer. He visited the secondary school in Kiel (Abitur) and obtained
training at the Kolonialschule Witzenhausen, military service, and art training at Kassel.
He emigrated to Namibia in 1909, where in 1912 he bought the farm "Quickborn"
south of the Waterberg. In 1913 he married Emma Bredow. After military service during
World War I, he was prisoner-of-war in Fort Napier (South Africa) and returned to his farm
afterwards and started a career as artist. He moved with his family to South Africa in
1920 and returned to Germany in 1921, where he produced artwork with African themes (much
used as illustrations in German colonial literature as well as colonial revisionist
propaganda), poetry (including the once popular "Wie oft sind wir geschritten / auf
schmalem Negerpfad" song), short stories and autobiographical works on his African
experience. Some of his works, like the linocut camelthorn tree which was used for the
cover of the annual "Afrikanischer Heimatkalender" from 1931-1962 and again
since 1979, developed iconographical significance for the identity of German-speaking
Namibians. During a filming expedition to East Africa (1924/25) he got infected with a
tropical disease which led to his early death on 04.10.1931. His ashes were buried at his
former farm Quickborn in Namibia.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: ART
Profession: Artist

000385Aschenborn, Hans Jürgen
* 19.08.1920 at Windhoek
+ 03.10.1986
---
Hans Jürgen Aschenborn was born on 19.08.1920 at Windhoek. He was the son of the artist
and poet Hans Anton Aschenborn and his wife Emmy. After schooling in Windhoek, he attended
the University of South Africa and University of Pretoria and worked as a librarian in
several South African libraries. From 1965 until his death on 03.10.1986, he served as a
Director of the State Library Pretoria.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: LIB
Profession: Librarian
Functions: Assistant Director - State Library Pretoria - 1959-1964
Director - State Library Pretoria - 1965-1986

000426Aschenborn, Richard
* .1848 at Hermsdorf, Schlesien, Germany (now: Poland)
+ .1935 at Kiel, Germany
---
Richard Aschenborn was born in 1848 at Hermsdorf, Schlesien, Germany (now: Poland). He was
a German naval officer, commander in the rank of "Korvettenkapitän" of the
frigate "Nautilus" which visited Angra Pequeña in 1884. He died in 1935 at
Kiel.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL

002234Ashikoto, Martin (Ambala), Ovamboland (Ondonga) King
*
+
---The 14th Ondonga KingMartin (Ambala)
Ashikoto ruled from 1960 until 1967. In 1967 he was sent into exile to Namaland by the SWA
Administration because he overstepped his legal powers. His successor was the 15th Ondonga
King Pau (Paulus) Elifas (1967-1970).---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

002247Asino, Ovamboland (Ongandjera) King
* +
---The ninth Ongandjera King on record was Asino. He ruled before
1858. The first 14 Ongandjera kings cannot be dated. His successor was the tenth
Ongandjera king Amwaama.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000712Auala, Leonard Nangolo Vilho
*
---
Leonard Nangolo Vilho Auala was the first bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Ovambo
Kavango Church (ELOC; later ELCIN). He stood up against South African occupation with the
"Open Letter" of 1971.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL

Namibia National Archives Database

000026Auge, Johan Andreas
* .1711
+ .1805
First entry to Namibia: 29.09.1761
Last departure from Namibia: 09.02.1762
---
Johan Andreas Auge was born in 1711. He was a participant of a land expedition from the
Cape Colony to Namibia from July 1761 to April 1762. The expedition consisted of its
leader Hendrik Hop, Surveyor Carel Frederik Brink, Johan Auge, Surgeon Carel Christoffel
Rijkvoet, scout Jacobus Coetzee and twelve other Cape burghers, as well as 68 Basters.
They crossed the Oranje River on 29.09.1761, visited Warmbad, travelled northwards up to
the Xamob (present-day Löwen) River, and turned back on 09.12.1761. On 09.02.1762, they
crossed the Oranje River on their way back. He died in 1805.
---
Gender: m
Profession: Naturalist

1). RAW DATA: Esterhuyse 1968:6; Eveleigh pp.92ff; Tabler 1973:58-59;

000639Avafia, Kwami E.
* in Ghana
---
Kwami Avafia started working at the Academy Library in December 1989. He served as
Director of the University of Namibia Library from 1990-2000.
---
Gender: m
Profession: Librarian

Namibia National Archives Database

000640Avenant, Cornelius Gerhardus
* 08.06.1912 at Carnavon, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1955
---
Cornelius Gerhardus Avenant was born on 08.06.1912 at Carnavon in South Africa. He came to
Namibia in 1955. He was the Manager of the Windhoek Branch of the United Building Society,
in 1959.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS