«Campaigns to manipulate public opinion through false or misleading social media postings have become standard political practice across much of the world, with information ministries, specialized military units and political operatives shaping the flow of information in dozens of countries, a British research group reported Monday. These propaganda efforts exploit every social media platform — Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and beyond — and rely on human users and computerized “bots” that can dramatically amplify the power of disinformation campaigns by automating the process of preparing and delivering posts. Bots interact with human users and also with other bots.»

«Media literacy can provide skills that are essential for an educated society, and it can serve as a life raft to save us from drowning in a vast sea of competing ideas It’s important that people become aware of the concept of media literacy and demand that schools teach their children well on this topic.»

The long read: For years, she has accused French journalists of bias against her family and her party. Yet Marine Le Pen has managed to lead the far-right Front National into the political mainstream – and she couldn’t have done it without the press

No matter what discipline we teach, it is crucial to help students assess source credibility. It's a real-life skill that develops reasoning and analysis, and will protect them from scams and scammers as well as fake news!

«Cyber troops are government, military or political party teams committed to manipulating public opinion over social media. In this working paper, we report on specific organizations created, often with public money, to help define and manage what is in the best interest of the public. We compare such organizations across 28 countries, and inventory them according to the kinds of messages, valences and communication strategies used. We catalogue their organizational forms and evaluate their capacities in terms of budgets and staffing. This working paper summarizes the findings of the first comprehensive inventory of the major organizations behind social media manipulation.»

WSIS 2017. In view of the United Nations 2030 Agenda objectives, Media education is a powerful way of contributing to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Information and media literacy skills is a good way to improve the autonomy of individuals of any society and allow them to participate more fully in their country’s political, economical, social and cultural life. In this crucial area the needs are immense.

"Facebook says it found evidence of “information operations” around elections in the U.S. and France where groups used the platform to spread misinformation and influence elections — a phenomenon that Facebook says goes much further than just “fake news.” These “operations” include targeted data collection, fake accounts that amplify a particular view, and seeding content to journalists and other third parties, Facebook says. “We have had to expand our security focus from traditional abusive behavior, such as account hacking, malware, spam and financial scams, to include more subtle and insidious forms of misuse, including attempts to manipulate civic discourse and deceive people,” Facebook says."

Study shows using Instagram, Facebook and WhatsApp can have an adverse effect on self-esteem "Perhaps Facebook should carry a health warning. A study has revealed that the children who spend more time on online social networks feel less happy in almost all aspects of their lives. However, they do feel happier about their friendships."

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