privacy issues

If you apply for a credit report or for credit cards and you have some of them you owe money to, will they pass on your phone number or address to the parties involved? or can they somehow save your info and the companies can look up your last application and then contact you?
Ex. if you owe for student loans that went through a certain bank and you apply for a credit card 5 years later through that bank or another. Is there anything to worry about in terms of leaking personal info?