IntroductionTo build an arena here in [ CITY ], you will have to know some of the severe weather hazards that we go through and how we can overcome it. It is important to know what kind of weather [ CITY ] goes through to ensure people's safety and know what to expect during certain time of the year. [ CITY ] encounters five severe weather hazards: thunderstorms, flash floods, lightning, tornadoes and hurricanes. Thunderstorms are a short lived weather system that produces rain, lightning, and rarely tornadoes. Flash floods are a sudden rise in water levels of a steam, river, or manmade drainage system. Lightning is an electrical discharge, and thunder is the shock wave lightning leaves behind. Hurricanes are cyclones that develop over warm tropical oceans. Tornadoes are cylindrical shaped cloud masses with very strong winds and powerful updrafts. All these weather systems are capable of causing severe damage to the community depending on how strong they are. Preparations in advance and safety procedure for each hazard are listed down below to help you get ready once the arena is made. Thunderstorm

A thunder-storm is a relatively small short-lived weather system that normally lasts for twenty minutes to several hours. Thunderstorms go through three cycles: cumulus, mature and dissipating. In the cumulus stage, cumulus clouds are formed through many different types of uplift. Most clouds here in Florida are formed through convective uplift and convergence because of its location. After the cumulus stage, it goes through the mature stage, where cumulus clouds turn into cumulonimbus clouds and starts precipitating. This is the stage when precipitations are the heaviest. The dissipating stage follows after which is when precipitation tapers off and clouds dissipate. Even though most thunderstorms aren't that severe, there are exceptionally strong ones that occur once in a while that may provide to be a threat to the community....

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...the sun or photoshphere, extends millions of km into space. During a solar eclipse the corona is what you see around the edges.
Chromosphere- the zone about 2000 km thick that lies directly above the photosphere, thin region of sun’s atmosphere that glows red as it is heated by E from the photosphere. Temps range from 4000-10,000 degrees C
Photosphere- the visible surface of the sun the region that emits sunlight, the coolest layer of the sun 6700 C
Sun-
Sunspots- cooler darker areas on the sun’s surface. Xhibit intense magnetic activity. Usually occur in pairs. The sun’s magnetic field breaks through the surface where smooth heat transfer is taking place and loops back to the surface. Usually occur in 11 yr cycles
Solar flare- when a sunspot loop breaks, violent explosion tha releases huge amounts of energy and highly energetic particles which make up the solar wind
Sun’s mass makes up 99.8% of our solar system
Solar Eclipse occurs when the new moon passes directly between E and the Sun
Lunar eclips occurs when the full moon moves through the shadow of the E
Phases of the moon-
Full moon- the moon’s lit side is facing the earth, occurs when the earth is between the moon and the sun.
Gibbous moon phase- more than half lit
Quarter Moon- moon appears as a half circle bc only half of the moon’s lit side is facing the earth.
Crescent phase- less than half lit
New Moon- the side of the moon facing...

...3.) List four facts that characterize the oceanic ridge system.
Four facts that characterize the oceanic ridge system are: firstly, it represents 20 percent of Earth’s surface, the oceanic ridge system winds through all major ocean basin like the seams on a baseball. Ridges vary in width from 600 miles to 2500 miles. The mid-ocean ridge represents an area where, lithospheric plates move apart and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle . Also, the mid-ocean ridge system is an example of a divergent plate boundary.
4.) Briefly describe the process of continental rifting. Where is it occurring today?
As crust is pulled apart, rifts are formed and eventually become large enough for ocean to form. This is occurring today in the East African rift.
Page 224
2.) Compare a continental volcanic arc and volcanic island arc.
In a continental volcanic arc mountains formed in part by igneous activity associated with subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath a continent. In contrast, volcanic island arc is a chain of volcanic islands generally located a few hundred kilometers from a trench where active subduction of one oceanic slab beneath another is occurring.
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1.) What is the age of the oldest sediments recovered using deep-ocean drilling? How do the ages of these sediments compare to the ages of the oldest continental rocks?
The age of the oldest sediments recovered using deep-ocean drilling is 180 million years. The age of these sediments...

...﻿
Exploration: The Cell Cycle
Directions
You will evaluate some of these activities yourself, and your teacher may evaluate others. Please save this document before beginning the lesson and keep the document open for reference during the lesson. Type your answers directly in this document for all activities.
________________________________________________________________________________
Self-Checked Activities
Read the instructions for the following activities and type in your responses. At the end of the lesson, click the link on the Summary screen to open the Student Answer Sheet. Use the answers or sample responses to evaluate your own work.
1. Mitosis
You have conducted an experiment following the cell cycle of an animal cell. Each link below leads to a drawing of the slides you viewed from each phase of the cell’s reproduction. Click the link to a slide and identify the subphase of mitosis it shows. Then number the slides 1 to 4 in the order they occur.
Type your response here:
Slide 1 Phase: Order:
Slide 2 Phase: Order:
Slide 3 Phase: Order:
Slide 4 Phase: Order:
How did you do? Check a box below.
Nailed It! – I included all of the same ideas as the model response on the Student Answer Sheet.
Halfway There – I included most of the ideas in the model response on the Student Answer Sheet.
Not Great – I did not include any...

...the month, and she wants to investigate why this happens. She hypothesizes that the relationship of the sun, Earth, and moon creates shadows on the moon. She sets up an experiment with a light bulb to represent the sun, a large beach ball to represent Earth, and a smaller foam ball to represent the moon. She researches the position of the sun, Earth, and moon at different times of a month and makes a model of the entire system.
1. Identify the parts of the scientific method in Lizzie's experiment.
Question: She has noticed that the moon appears to change shape over the course of the month, and she wants to investigate why this happens.
Research: She researches the position of the sun, Earth, and moon at different times of a month and makes a model of the entire system.
Hypothesis: She hypothesizes that the relationship of the sun, Earth, and moon creates shadows on the moon.
Experiment: She sets up an experiment with a light bulb to represent the sun, a large beach ball to represent Earth, and a smaller foam ball to represent the moon.
2. List at least three variables Lizzie should control during the experiment. For each variable identified, give a specific suggestion for how Lizzie can control it.
The position of the sun (light bulb), Also the distance of the Moon from the Earth, sizes...

...﻿Melissa Gust
EarthScience
Instructor: Chuck Meyer
1/18/14
Chapter 1 Questions
Testing Your Knowledge Questions:
1.) Equilibrium is meant as the material that is on Earth’s surface that is stable because they have adapted over time in accordance with chemicals and conditions that exist within their environment. When rocks are forced out of equilibrium their forms alter and they are broken down into different particles. The new particles that are formed when exposed to the elements are then in equilibrium.
2.) Minnesota is located on the North American plate. The Caribbean Plate is one of the closest boundaries and it is mostly a transform boundary but also has some areas of convergence. Another of the closest boundaries is the Juan de Fuca Plate and it is a convergent boundary.
3.) The most likely of the geologic hazards that could happen to Minnesotans is flooding and the possibility of landslides because of flooding.
4.) The three major types of rocks are sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks.
5.) The crust and the upper most part of the mantle combined are what make up the lithosphere. The asthenosphere is made up of the mantle that is located below the upper portion and the core combined.
6.) Without plate tectonics the Earth would be less rigid and more flat. There would be less mountains, if any, as well as volcanoes.
7.) Cavemen never saw dinosaurs because they came well after the dinosaur’s time or...

...﻿ES 1010, Unit 8 Question 11
- Discuss stellar evolution (describing each stage in brief). What forces are opposing one another throughout the life of a star and how do they influence the various stages in the life cycle of a star
Stellar evolution stars exist because of gravity. The two opposing forces in a star are gravity (contracts) and thermal nuclear energy (expands). Stage 1 Birth is where gravity contracts the cloud and the temperature rises, becoming a protostar. Protostars are a hypothetical cloud of dust and atoms in space which are believed to develop into a star. Astronomers are fairly certain of their existence. Protostars are formed about a million years after a gas clump from an interstellar gas cloud has started to rotate and from a disk. The protostar is simply the core of the disk that formed from the clump of gas that was compressed inside the gas cloud. The star becomes a stable main-sequence star, which are characterized by the source of their energy. They are all undergoing fusion of hydrogen into helium within their cores. The rate at which they do this and the amount of fuel available depends upon the mass of the star. Mass is the key factor in determining the lifespan of a main sequence star, its size and its luminosity. Stars on the main sequence also appear to be unchanging for long periods of time. Any model of such stars must be able to account for their stability. Ninety percent of a stars life is in the...

...﻿Fossil Fuels
Josh Farrar
11/16/13
The three types of fossil fuels that are used for energy provision are coal, oil, and natural gas. Fossil Fuels are the remains of once living organisms, but it takes centuries to form the organic matter. Coal is millions of years of decaying land vegetation (dead plants) that will form the solid fossil fuel under intense pressure. Oil is formed on the sea floor from the remains of marine microorganisms and is deposited between small spaces in between rock and sediment in liquid form. Natural gas is also formed from the remains of microorganisms but is in the gaseous form. Natural gas mostly is made up of methane (CH4) and is highly compressed in small volumes deep within the earth.
Coal is highly abundant compared to oil and natural gas. Some analysts predict that the use of coal will increase as oil supplies decline. The coal supplies that we have now could last up to 200 years or longer. Undeveloped countries can not afford oil and natural gas so they depend on coal as their main source of energy. Coal is usually mined. The less expensive method of mining is surface mining; it produces the majority of coal in the United States. Surface mining is the act of stripping the top soil and layers of rock up to 200 feet underground to come in contact with coal. Once the coal is removed from the pit, miners return the dirt and rock to the pit and replant the vegetation....

...﻿PART C - Analyze and Conclude
1. After you created a geologic time scale with key events in Earth’s History, compare the number of events in each era. Did more Earth-shaping events occur early in Earth’s history or later on? Explain why.
Based on my geologic time scale, there are three events in Precambrian Time, two events in Paleozoic Era, four events in Mesozoic Era and one event in Cenozoic Era. These events mostly occurred later on in Earth’s history. Mesozoic Era has the most events which are four out of ten events on the list, mean that Earth-shaping events happened more recently. Earth-shaping events occur later on because the complex life form such as mammal existed on earth just only about 220 million years ago compare to the formation of earth that already happened about 4.6 billion years ago. This due to the early structure of the earth that was not suitable for complex living things. There were significant rose in oxygen level that happened 2.4 billion ago. This caused simple life forms such as jellyfish to develop. As the years progressed, the earth had changed and become more suitable for complex life form such as dinosaurs. Nowadays, earth has developed into a suitable living condition that suit human’s needs. Last but not least, the earth-shaping events occur later on basically based on my geologic time scale that showed most...