Public Health, Physiotherapy & Population Science Research Collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/11302015-03-31T20:48:23Z2015-03-31T20:48:23ZRehabilitation exercise assessment using inertial sensors: a cross-sectional analytical studyGiggins, Oona M.Sweeney, Kevin T.Caulfield, Brianhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/64202015-03-18T09:49:42Z2014-11-27T00:00:00ZRehabilitation exercise assessment using inertial sensors: a cross-sectional analytical study
Giggins, Oona M.; Sweeney, Kevin T.; Caulfield, Brian
Background: Accurate assessments of adherence and exercise performance are required in order to ensure that patients adhere to and perform their rehabilitation exercises correctly within the home environment. Inertial sensors have previously been advocated as a means of achieving these requirements, by using them as an input to an exercise biofeedback system. This research sought to investigate whether inertial sensors, and in particular a single sensor, can accurately classify exercise performance in patients performing lower limb exercises for rehabilitation purposes. Methods:Fifty-eight participants (19 male, 39 female, age: 53.9 +/- 8.5 years, height: 1.69 +/- 0.08 m, weight: 74.3 +/- 13.0 kg) performed ten repetitions of seven lower limb exercises (hip abduction, hip flexion, hip extension, knee extension, heel slide, straight leg raise, and inner range quadriceps). Three inertial sensor units, secured to the thigh, shin and foot of the leg being exercised, were used to acquire data during each exercise. Machine learning classification methods were applied to quantify the acquired data. Results:The classification methods achieved relatively high accuracy at distinguishing between correct and incorrect performance of an exercise using three, two, or one sensor while moderate efficacy scores were also achieved by the classifier when attempting to classify the particular error in exercise performance. Results also illustrated that a reduction in the number of inertial sensor units employed has little effect on the overall efficacy results. Conclusion:The results revealed that it is possible to classify lower limb exercise performance using inertial sensors with satisfactory levels of accuracy and reducing the number of sensors employed does not reduce the accuracy of the method
2014-11-27T00:00:00ZAn Ambulatory Method of Identifying Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructed Gait PatternsPatterson, MatthewDelahunt, EamonnSweeney, Kevin T.Caulfield, Brianhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/64192015-03-18T09:46:17Z2014-01-07T00:00:00ZAn Ambulatory Method of Identifying Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructed Gait Patterns
Patterson, Matthew; Delahunt, Eamonn; Sweeney, Kevin T.; Caulfield, Brian
The use of inertial sensors to characterize pathological gait has traditionally been based on the calculation of temporal and spatial gait variables from inertial sensor data. This approach has proved successful in the identification of gait deviations in populations where substantial differences from normal gait patterns exist; such as in Parkinsonian gait. However, it is not currently clear if this approach could identify more subtle gait deviations, such as those associated with musculoskeletal injury. This study investigates whether additional analysis of inertial sensor data, based on quantification of gyroscope features of interest, would provide further discriminant capability in this regard. The tested cohort consisted of a group of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed (ACL-R) females and a group of non-injured female controls, each performed ten walking trials. Gait performance was measured simultaneously using inertial sensors and an optoelectronic marker based system. The ACL-R group displayed kinematic and kinetic deviations from the control group, but no temporal or spatial deviations. This study demonstrates that quantification of gyroscope features can successfully identify changes associated with ACL-R gait, which was not possible using spatial or temporal variables. This finding may also have a role in other clinical applications where small gait deviations exist.
2014-01-07T00:00:00ZGenome-wide linkage analysis of 972 bipolar pedigrees using single-nucleotide polymorphismsBadner, J. A.Koller, D.Foroud, T.Segurado, Ricardoet al.http://hdl.handle.net/10197/43822013-06-26T14:00:29Z2011-07-19T00:00:00ZGenome-wide linkage analysis of 972 bipolar pedigrees using single-nucleotide polymorphisms
Badner, J. A.; Koller, D.; Foroud, T.; Segurado, Ricardo; et al.
Because of the high costs associated with ascertainment of families, most linkage studies of Bipolar I disorder (BPI) have used relatively small samples. Moreover, the genetic information content reported in most studies has been less than 0.6. Although microsatellite markers spaced every 10 cM typically extract most of the genetic information content for larger multiplex families, they can be less informative for smaller pedigrees especially for affected sib pair kindreds. For these reasons we collaborated to pool family resources and carried out higher density genotyping. Approximately 1100 pedigrees of European ancestry were initially selected for study and were genotyped by the Center for Inherited Disease Research using the Illumina Linkage Panel 12 set of 6090 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Of the ~1100 families, 972 were informative for further analyses, and mean information content was 0.86 after pruning for linkage disequilibrium. The 972 kindreds include 2284 cases of BPI disorder, 498 individuals with bipolar II disorder (BPII) and 702 subjects with recurrent major depression. Three affection status models (ASMs) were considered: ASM1 (BPI and schizoaffective disorder, BP cases (SABP) only), ASM2 (ASM1 cases plus BPII) and ASM3 (ASM2 cases plus recurrent major depression). Both parametric and non-parametric linkage methods were carried out. The strongest findings occurred at 6q21 (non-parametric pairs LOD 3.4 for rs1046943 at 119 cM) and 9q21 (non-parametric pairs logarithm of odds (LOD) 3.4 for rs722642 at 78 cM) using only BPI and schizoaffective (SA), BP cases. Both results met genome-wide significant criteria, although neither was significant after correction for multiple analyses. We also inspected parametric scores for the larger multiplex families to identify possible rare susceptibility loci. In this analysis, we observed 59 parametric LODs of 2 or greater, many of which are likely to be close to maximum possible scores. Although some linkage findings may be false positives, the results could help prioritize the search for rare variants using whole exome or genome sequencing.
2011-07-19T00:00:00ZFunctional impact of global rare copy number variation in autism spectrum disordersPinto, DalilaPagnamenta, Alistair T.Klei, LambertusRegan, ReginaConroy, JudithCasey, JillianGreen, AndrewSegurado, RicardoShah, NaishaEnnis, Seanet al.http://hdl.handle.net/10197/43812013-08-30T15:38:03Z2010-07-15T00:00:00ZFunctional impact of global rare copy number variation in autism spectrum disorders
Pinto, Dalila; Pagnamenta, Alistair T.; Klei, Lambertus; Regan, Regina; Conroy, Judith; Casey, Jillian; Green, Andrew; Segurado, Ricardo; Shah, Naisha; Ennis, Sean; et al.
The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of conditions characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction and communication, and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviours1. Individuals with an ASD vary greatly in cognitive development, which can range from above average to intellectual disability2. Although ASDs are known to be highly heritable (~90%)3, the underlying genetic determinants are still largely unknown. Here we analysed the genome-wide characteristics of rare (<1% frequency) copy number variation in ASD using dense genotyping arrays. When comparing 996 ASD individuals of European ancestry to 1,287 matched controls, cases were found to carry a higher global burden of rare, genic copy number variants (CNVs) (1.19 fold, P = 0.012), especially so for loci previously implicated in either ASD and/or intellectual disability (1.69 fold, P = 3.4 × 10-4). Among the CNVs there were numerous de novo and inherited events, sometimes in combination in a given family, implicating many novel ASD genes such as SHANK2, SYNGAP1, DLGAP2 and the X-linked DDX53–PTCHD1 locus. We also discovered an enrichment of CNVs disrupting functional gene sets involved in cellular proliferation, projection and motility, and GTPase/Ras signalling. Our results reveal many new genetic and functional targets in ASD that may lead to final connected pathways.
2010-07-15T00:00:00ZCombining linkage data sets for meta-analysis and mega-analysis: the GAW15 rheumatoid arthritis data set.Segurado, RicardoHamshere, Marian L.Glaser, BeateNikolov, IvanMoskvina, ValentinaHolmans, Peterhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/43802013-06-20T14:03:49Z2007-12-18T00:00:00ZCombining linkage data sets for meta-analysis and mega-analysis: the GAW15 rheumatoid arthritis data set.
Segurado, Ricardo; Hamshere, Marian L.; Glaser, Beate; Nikolov, Ivan; Moskvina, Valentina; Holmans, Peter
We have used the genome-wide marker genotypes from Genetic Analysis Workshop 15 Problem 2 to explore joint evidence for genetic linkage to rheumatoid arthritis across several samples. The data consisted of four high-density genome scans on samples selected for rheumatoid arthritis. We cleaned the data, removed intermarker linkage disequilibrium, and assembled the samples onto a common genetic map using genome sequence positions as a reference for map interpolation. The individual studies were combined first at the genotype level (mega-analysis) prior to a multipoint linkage analysis on the combined sample, and second using the genome scan meta-analysis method after linkage analysis of each sample. The two approaches were compared, and give strong support to the HLA locus on chromosome 6 as a susceptibility locus. Other regions of interest include loci on chromosomes 11, 2, and 12.
2007-12-18T00:00:00ZEvidence that common variation in NEDD9 is associated with susceptibility to late-onset Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseaseLi, YonghongGrupe, AndrewRowland, CharlesHolmans, PeterSegurado, RicardoAbraham, RichardJones, LesleyCatanese, JosephRoss, DavidMayo, KevinMartinez, MaribelHollingworth, PaulGoate, AlisonCairns, Nigel J.Racette, Brad A.Perlmutter, Joel S.O'Donovan, Michael C.Morris, John C.Brayne, CarolRubinsztein, David C.Lovestone, SimonThal, Leon J.Owen, Michael J.Williams, Juliehttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/43792013-06-20T13:54:43Z2007-11-26T00:00:00ZEvidence that common variation in NEDD9 is associated with susceptibility to late-onset Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease
Li, Yonghong; Grupe, Andrew; Rowland, Charles; Holmans, Peter; Segurado, Ricardo; Abraham, Richard; Jones, Lesley; Catanese, Joseph; Ross, David; Mayo, Kevin; Martinez, Maribel; Hollingworth, Paul; Goate, Alison; Cairns, Nigel J.; Racette, Brad A.; Perlmutter, Joel S.; O'Donovan, Michael C.; Morris, John C.; Brayne, Carol; Rubinsztein, David C.; Lovestone, Simon; Thal, Leon J.; Owen, Michael J.; Williams, Julie
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative disorders and in both diseases susceptibility is known to be influenced by genes. We set out to identify novel susceptibility genes for LOAD by performing a large scale, multi-tiered association study testing 4692 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). We identified a SNP within a putative transcription factor binding site in the NEDD9 gene (neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated), that shows good evidence of association with disease risk in four out of five LOAD samples [N = 3521, P = 5.38x10(-6), odds ratio (OR) = 1.38 (1.20-1.59)] and in addition, we observed a similar pattern of association in two PD sample sets [N = 1464, P = 0.0145, OR =1.31 (1.05-1.62)]. In exploring a potential mechanism for the association, we observed that expression of NEDD9 and APOE show a strong inverse correlation in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's cases. These data implicate NEDD9 as a novel susceptibility gene for LOAD and possibly PD.
2007-11-26T00:00:00ZGenetic classification of populations using supervised learning.Bridges, MichaelHeron, Elizabeth A.O'Dushlaine, ColmSegurado, RicardoMorris, DerekCorvin, AidenGill, MichaelPinto, Carloshttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/43782013-06-20T13:46:51Z2011-05-12T00:00:00ZGenetic classification of populations using supervised learning.
Bridges, Michael; Heron, Elizabeth A.; O'Dushlaine, Colm; Segurado, Ricardo; Morris, Derek; Corvin, Aiden; Gill, Michael; Pinto, Carlos
There are many instances in genetics in which we wish to determine whether two candidate populations are distinguishable on the basis of their genetic structure. Examples include populations which are geographically separated, case-control studies and quality control (when participants in a study have been genotyped at different laboratories). This latter application is of particular importance in the era of large scale genome wide association studies, when collections of individuals genotyped at different locations are being merged to provide increased power. The traditional method for detecting structure within a population is some form of exploratory technique such as principal components analysis. Such methods, which do not utilise our prior knowledge of the membership of the candidate populations. are termed unsupervised. Supervised methods, on the other hand are able to utilise this prior knowledge when it is available.In this paper we demonstrate that in such cases modern supervised approaches are a more appropriate tool for detecting genetic differences between populations. We apply two such methods, (neural networks and support vector machines) to the classification of three populations (two from Scotland and one from Bulgaria). The sensitivity exhibited by both these methods is considerably higher than that attained by principal components analysis and in fact comfortably exceeds a recently conjectured theoretical limit on the sensitivity of unsupervised methods. In particular, our methods can distinguish between the two Scottish populations, where principal components analysis cannot. We suggest, on the basis of our results that a supervised learning approach should be the method of choice when classifying individuals into pre-defined populations, particularly in quality control for large scale genome wide association studies.
2011-05-12T00:00:00ZLarge-scale linkage analysis of 1302 affected relative pairs with rheumatoid arthritisHamshere, Marian L.Segurado, RicardoMoskvina, ValentinaNikolov, IvanGlaser, BeateHolmans, Peterhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/43772013-10-21T11:11:24Z2007-12-18T00:00:00ZLarge-scale linkage analysis of 1302 affected relative pairs with rheumatoid arthritis
Hamshere, Marian L.; Segurado, Ricardo; Moskvina, Valentina; Nikolov, Ivan; Glaser, Beate; Holmans, Peter
Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common systematic autoimmune disease and its etiology is believed to have both strong genetic and environmental components. We demonstrate the utility of including genetic and clinical phenotypes as covariates within a linkage analysis framework to search for rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility loci. The raw genotypes of 1302 affected relative pairs were combined from four large family-based samples (North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium, United Kingdom, European Consortium on Rheumatoid Arthritis Families, and Canada). The familiality of the clinical phenotypes was assessed. The affected relative pairs were subjected to autosomal multipoint affected relative-pair linkage analysis. Covariates were included in the linkage analysis to take account of heterogeneity within the sample. Evidence of familiality was observed with age at onset (p << 0.001) and rheumatoid factor (RF) IgM (p << 0.001), but not definite erosions (p = 0.21). Genome-wide significant evidence for linkage was observed on chromosome 6. Genome-wide suggestive evidence for linkage was observed on chromosomes 13 and 20 when conditioning on age at onset, chromosome 15 conditional on gender, and chromosome 19 conditional on RF IgM after allowing for multiple testing of covariates.
2007-12-18T00:00:00ZA genome-wide scan for common alleles affecting risk for autismAnney, RichardKlei, LambertusPinto, DalilaRegan, ReginaCasey, JillianSegurado, RicardoShah, NaishaEnnis, Seanet al.http://hdl.handle.net/10197/43752013-06-19T12:04:57Z2010-07-27T00:00:00ZA genome-wide scan for common alleles affecting risk for autism
Anney, Richard; Klei, Lambertus; Pinto, Dalila; Regan, Regina; Casey, Jillian; Segurado, Ricardo; Shah, Naisha; Ennis, Sean; et al.
Although autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have a substantial genetic basis, most of the known genetic risk has been traced to rare variants, principally copy number variants (CNVs). To identify common risk variation, the Autism Genome Project (AGP) Consortium genotyped 1558 rigorously defined ASD families for 1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and analyzed these SNP genotypes for association with ASD. In one of four primary association analyses, the association signal for marker rs4141463, located within MACROD2, crossed the genome-wide association significance threshold of P < 5 × 10−8. When a smaller replication sample was analyzed, the risk allele at rs4141463 was again over-transmitted; yet, consistent with the winner's curse, its effect size in the replication sample was much smaller; and, for the combined samples, the association signal barely fell below the P < 5 × 10−8 threshold. Exploratory analyses of phenotypic subtypes yielded no significant associations after correction for multiple testing. They did, however, yield strong signals within several genes, KIAA0564, PLD5, POU6F2, ST8SIA2 and TAF1C.
2010-07-27T00:00:00ZAnalyses of single marker and pairwise effects of candidate loci for rheumatoid arthritis using logistic regression and random forestsGlaser, BeateNikolov, IvanChubb, DanielHamshere, Marian L.Segurado, RicardoMoskvina, ValentinaHolmans, Peterhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/43742013-06-19T11:47:58Z2007-12-18T00:00:00ZAnalyses of single marker and pairwise effects of candidate loci for rheumatoid arthritis using logistic regression and random forests
Glaser, Beate; Nikolov, Ivan; Chubb, Daniel; Hamshere, Marian L.; Segurado, Ricardo; Moskvina, Valentina; Holmans, Peter
Using parametric and nonparametric techniques, our study investigated the presence of single locus and pairwise effects between 20 markers of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 15 (GAW15) North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC) candidate gene data set (Problem 2), analyzing 463 independent patients and 855 controls. Specifically, our work examined the correspondence between logistic regression (LR) analysis of single-locus and pairwise interaction effects, and random forest (RF) single and joint importance measures. For this comparison, we selected small but stable RFs (500 trees), which showed strong correlations (r~0.98) between their importance measures and those by RFs grown on 5000 trees. Both RF importance measures captured most of the LR single-locus and pairwise interaction effects, while joint importance measures also corresponded to full LR models containing main and interaction effects. We furthermore showed that RF measures were particularly sensitive to data imputation. The most consistent pairwise effect on rheumatoid arthritis was found between two markers within MAP3K7IP2/SUMO4 on 6q25.1, although LR and RFs assigned different significance levels.Within a hypothetical two-stage design, pairwise LR analysis of all markers with significant RF single importance would have reduced the number of possible combinations in our small data set by 61%, whereas joint importance measures would have been less efficient for marker pair reduction. This suggests that RF single importance measures, which are able to detect a wide range of interaction effects and are computationally very efficient, might be exploited as pre-screening tool for larger association studies. Follow-up analysis, such as by LR, is required since RFs do not indicate high-risk genotype combinations.
2007-12-18T00:00:00ZAutomatic Detection of Tackles in Elite Level Rugby UnionKelly, DanielCoughlan, GarrettGreen, BrianCaulfield, Brianhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/38742012-10-16T15:31:52Z2012-05-17T00:00:00ZAutomatic Detection of Tackles in Elite Level Rugby Union
Kelly, Daniel; Coughlan, Garrett; Green, Brian; Caulfield, Brian
Elite rugby union teams currently employ technology in order to monitor and evaluate
the physical demands of training and games on their players. Tackling has been shown to be the most common cause of injury in rugby union (Fuller et al. (2007a), Garraway et al. (1999)). However, current player monitoring technology does not effectively evaluate player tackling measurements. Sensing devices, currently being used by elite rugby union teams, contain a GPS receiver and a 3-axis accelerometer. GPS has been utilized to measure player speed and distance. Accelerometers, on the other hand, have an under-utilized potential to analyse body impact and collisions.
Presented at the IRFU Sports Medicine Conference: Injury Prevention in Rugby Union, May 17th-19th, 2012 in the AVIVA Stadium, Dublin
2012-05-17T00:00:00ZAutomatic detection of collisions in elite level rugby union using a wearable sensing deviceKelly, DanielCoughlan, GarrettGreen, BrianCaulfield, Brianhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/37582012-10-16T15:25:06Z2012-01-01T00:00:00ZAutomatic detection of collisions in elite level rugby union using a wearable sensing device
Kelly, Daniel; Coughlan, Garrett; Green, Brian; Caulfield, Brian
Elite rugby union teams currently employ the latest technology to monitor and evaluate the physical demands of training and games on their players. Tackling has been shown to be the most common cause of injury in rugby union, yet current player monitoring technology does not effectively evaluate player tackling measurements. Currently, to evaluate measurements specific to player tackles, a time-consuming manual analysis of player sensor data and video footage is required. The purpose of this work is to investigate tackle modeling techniques which can be utilised to automatically detect player tackles and collisions using sensing technology already being used by elite international and club level rugby union teams. This paper discusses issues relevant to automatic tackle analysis, describes a technique to detect tackles using sensing data and validates the technique by comparing automatically detected collisions to manually labeled collisions using data from elite club and international level players. The results of the validation show that the system is able to consistently identify collisions with very few false posi- tives and false negatives, achieving a recall and precision rating of 0.933 and 0.958, respectively. The aim is that the automatically detected tackles can provide coaching, medical and strength and conditioning staff with objective tackle-specific measurements, in real time, which can be used in injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies.
2012-01-01T00:00:00ZThe effects of a neuromuscular electrical stimulation training intervention on physiological measures in a spinal cord injured male : a case studyMcCormack, KirstiCarty, AmandaCoghlan, GarrettCrowe, LouisCaulfield, Brianhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/24252010-08-24T13:40:49Z2010-04-01T00:00:00ZThe effects of a neuromuscular electrical stimulation training intervention on physiological measures in a spinal cord injured male : a case study
McCormack, Kirsti; Carty, Amanda; Coghlan, Garrett; Crowe, Louis; Caulfield, Brian
Background: People with spinal cord injury (SCI) are exposed to the development of comorbidities secondary to a decreased ability to exercise and pathological complications. Aerobic exercise has been advocated as a means of preventing the development of these illnesses. Previous research has indicated that functional electrical stimulation (FES) provides an appropriate aerobic stimulus in an SCI population to provide cardiovascular fitness gains. However, FES devices are time consuming for both clients and medical staff in a rehabilitation and home setting with devices often expensive. Our research group have developed a novel neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) system which may provide an alternative to FES and elicit a similar response. Methods: A 40 year old male with a T6 incomplete SCI, undertook 6 weeks of NMES training for one hour, five days per week. Pre and post intervention measures include a treadmill VO2 peak test, a DXA scan and subjective feedback regarding the NMES device and training stimulus. Results: Improvements in VO2 peak, heart rate and exercise tolerance were observed with minor decreases in total body fat mass. The participant reported that the NMES was an acceptable form of cardiovascular training. Conclusion: Our pilot case study has indicated that our NMES system is capable of eliciting an aerobic training effect in people with SCI, which could potentially improve their cardiovascular fitness. Further study with a greater number of participants is warranted in this population using a similar training program.
2010-04-01T00:00:00ZThe effects of an electrical muscle stimulation training intervention on physiological measures in a spinal cord injury maleMcCormack, KirstiCarty, AmandaCoughlan, GarrettCrowe, LouisCaulfield, Brianhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/24022010-08-18T14:20:56Z2010-04-01T00:00:00ZThe effects of an electrical muscle stimulation training intervention on physiological measures in a spinal cord injury male
McCormack, Kirsti; Carty, Amanda; Coughlan, Garrett; Crowe, Louis; Caulfield, Brian
Participation in aerobic exercise activity is considered necessary for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) to reduce the potential development of common co-morbidities associated with SCI such as cardiovascular (CV) disease, reduced bone mineral density (BMD), increases in body fat and decreases in lean body mass. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) has been advocated as offering a feasible exercise regime to SCI individuals. FES studies have reported improvements in BMD, CV fitness, body composition (BC) and quality of life (QOL), however its application is limited by its effect on muscle fatigue, as well as the need for specialist equipment and training. Recently, researchers have developed a new type of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) system, which appears to overcome the above issues. This system has improved heart rate (HR) and peak muscle oxygen consumption (VO2) within Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) patients, obese and sedentary adults [3,4]. An SCI population may benefit from a similar intervention and justifies further research into the effects this EMS system may have on SCI.
Poster presentation at the 1st Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (UK and Ireland Chapter), 15th & 16th April 2010, University of Salford, U.K.
2010-04-01T00:00:00ZAn investigation into the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise
in type 2 diabetes : a case studyGiggins, Oonagh M.Coughlan, GarrettCaulfield, BrianCrowe, Louishttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/24012010-08-18T14:09:33Z2010-05-14T00:00:00ZAn investigation into the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise
in type 2 diabetes : a case study
Giggins, Oonagh M.; Coughlan, Garrett; Caulfield, Brian; Crowe, Louis
Exercise is a vital component in the management and prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Both the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) advocate exercise as a treatment method for T2D. However, given the benefits of engaging in physical activity, many T2D patients are often unable to partake in physical activity secondary to complications of their diabetes or other musculoskeletal problems. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) exercise is a likely alternative for diabetic individuals who face barriers to physical activity. NMES has received much attention in recent years as a new form of inducing exercise. The ability of NMES to stimulate innervated muscle has resulted in it’s use as a training tool for individuals without neuromuscular pathology. Banerjee and colleagues showed that prolonged NMES
exercise in sedentary adults resulted in significant improvements in maximal
aerobic capacity, muscle strength and capacity for physical activity. The aim of this case study was to investigate the use of NMES exercise in T2D.
Poster presentation at the 6th Annual RTRS Conference, Dublin, Ireland, 14th May, 2010
2010-05-14T00:00:00ZThe use of SHIMMER to detect stride time in running gaitMcGrath, DeniseGreene, Barry R.O'Donovan, KarolCaulfield, Brianhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/23992011-03-15T12:02:05Z2010-07-01T00:00:00ZThe use of SHIMMER to detect stride time in running gait
McGrath, Denise; Greene, Barry R.; O'Donovan, Karol; Caulfield, Brian
Wireless sensing solutions that provide for accurate long term monitoring of walking and running stride characteristics in a real world environment would be an excellent tool for biomechanics researchers. SHIMMER™ is a small, wireless, low-power inertial sensor with a large storage capacity that facilitates wearable wireless sensing in both connected and disconnected modes. It is a very flexible, multi-sensing device, consisting of a tri-axial accelerometer, with options of add-on daughter boards such as tri-axial gyropscopes, or ECG/EMG sensors. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of the SHIMMER wireless sensor platform for the determination of heel-strike and stride times, across a range of speeds, to a marker-based motion capture system (CODA, Charnwood Dynamics, UK). Previous studies have shown that the SHIMMER sensor and associated algorithms can successfully calculate these parameters in slow to fast walking speeds, but it has not yet been applied to running.
Poster presentation at Engineering Emotion: 8th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association, Vienna, July 12-16 2010
2010-07-01T00:00:00ZThe physiological effects of low level electrical stimulation on short term recovery from supra maximal exercise bouts : a case study.Malone, JohnCoughlan, GarrettCrowe, LouisCaulfield, Brianhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/23972010-08-18T11:59:28Z2010-04-01T00:00:00ZThe physiological effects of low level electrical stimulation on short term recovery from supra maximal exercise bouts : a case study.
Malone, John; Coughlan, Garrett; Crowe, Louis; Caulfield, Brian
Inadequate recovery from short-term, high-intensity bouts of exercise can be a limiting factor to optimal sporting performance [1]. Previous research investigating recovery from intense exercise using various intervention protocols (e.g., active recovery, massage, cold and contrast water therapy, compression suits etc.) have generally found positive results when compared to passive recovery [2,3]. A recent study utilised electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) as an intervention for short-term recovery (< 1 hr) between bouts of intense exercise [4]. They concluded that EMS shows promise as an alternate recovery treatment for lowering blood lactate when compared to passive recovery.
Poster presentation at 1st Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (UK and Ireland Chapter), Salford, U.K., 15-16 April, 2010
2010-04-01T00:00:00ZA pilot investigation into the effects of electrical muscle stimulation training on physical fitness in an adult cystic fibrosis population.Holcroft, LornaCoughlan, GarrettCrowe, LouisCaulfield, BrianNicholson, T.Barry, P.Gallagher, C. G.http://hdl.handle.net/10197/23852010-08-16T16:16:45Z2010-04-01T00:00:00ZA pilot investigation into the effects of electrical muscle stimulation training on physical fitness in an adult cystic fibrosis population.
Holcroft, Lorna; Coughlan, Garrett; Crowe, Louis; Caulfield, Brian; Nicholson, T.; Barry, P.; Gallagher, C. G.
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-limiting genetic disease in caucasians.
Skeletal muscle weakness and exercise intolerance is prevalent in people with cystic fibrosis. Although higher levels of fitness have been associated with better quality of well-being and improved eight year survival training among individuals with CF is limited due to fatigue, hypoxaemia and dyspnoea.Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has demonstrated improvements in muscle strength, exercise tolerance and aerobic capacity in cardiorespiratory disease populations, while having minimal
impact on oxygen saturation levels and heart rate.
Poster presentation at the 2010 ACPRC Conference, Nottingham, U.K., 16-17 April, 2010
2010-04-01T00:00:00ZFatigue : a case for single subject analysisMcGrath, DeniseCaulfield, Brianhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/23842010-08-16T16:09:32Z2010-06-01T00:00:00ZFatigue : a case for single subject analysis
McGrath, Denise; Caulfield, Brian
Neuromuscular fatigue is relative to the physical capabilities of an individual at a given point in time, and is brought about by a complex combination of central and peripheral factors. Fatigue protocols used in biomechanical research cannot, therefore, be expected to elicit a homogenous response in all research participants. Attempts to establish generalized models for movement outcomes and strategies due to fatigue through descriptive group statistics may therefore be an impractical approach. An alternative approach, single-subject (SS) analysis, may be more appropriate. SS analysis does not imply “case-study” investigation. Rather, it involves an in-depth analysis of individuals to better understand what unique responses, if any, they have in common (Bates, 1996). The aim of this study was to carry out both group and SS analyses on pre- and post- fatigue outcome measures in order to establish how the selected statistical methodology might influence conclusions drawn.
Poster presentation at the 15th Annual Conference of the European College of Sport Science, Antalya, 23-26 June 2010
2010-06-01T00:00:00ZA pilot investigation into the effects of electrical muscle stimulation training on physical fitness in an adult cystic fibrosis populationHolcroft, LornaCoughlan, GarrettCaulfield, BrianCrowe, LouisBarry, P.Nicholson, T.Gallagher, C. G.http://hdl.handle.net/10197/23832010-08-16T16:00:43Z2010-04-01T00:00:00ZA pilot investigation into the effects of electrical muscle stimulation training on physical fitness in an adult cystic fibrosis population
Holcroft, Lorna; Coughlan, Garrett; Caulfield, Brian; Crowe, Louis; Barry, P.; Nicholson, T.; Gallagher, C. G.
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-limiting genetic disease in Caucasians. [1] Progressive respiratory and gastro intestinal disease are the predominant clinical manifestations of the disease. As a consequence of general de-conditioning, skeletal muscle weakness and exercise intolerance is prevalent among patients with CF. [2] Although higher levels of fitness have been associated with better quality of wellbeing and eight-year survival, training among individuals with CF is limited due to fatigue, hypoxemia and dyspnoea. [3] Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has demonstrated improvements in muscle strength, exercise tolerance and aerobic capacity in chronic cardio respiratory disease populations, while having minimal impact on heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation levels. [4,5]
Presented at the 1st Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (UK and Ireland Chapter), 15-16 April, 2010, University of Salford, U.K.
2010-04-01T00:00:00ZThe effects of electrical muscle stimulation training in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease population – a pilot studyHennessy, EilisCoughlan, GarrettCaulfield, BrianCrowe, LouisPerumal, Shakila DeviMcDonnell, Tim J.http://hdl.handle.net/10197/22992010-08-05T13:35:35Z2010-04-01T00:00:00ZThe effects of electrical muscle stimulation training in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease population – a pilot study
Hennessy, Eilis; Coughlan, Garrett; Caulfield, Brian; Crowe, Louis; Perumal, Shakila Devi; McDonnell, Tim J.
Exercise training is currently advocated as a therapeutic modality for improving the systemic manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) -including peripheral muscle dysfunction, decreased exercise tolerance, weight loss, depletion of muscle mass and muscle strength and poor health status. Owing to a limited cardiopulmonary reserve, COPD patients are frequently physically unable to tolerate sufficient training intensities which would afford them with the benefits associated with conventional exercise training interventions. Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) appears to have a limited demand on ventilatory requirements and dyspnoea, and may be a promising exercise training alternative for patients with COPD.
Poster presentation at the 1st Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (UK and Ireland Chapter), 15-16 April 2010, University of Salford, U.K.
2010-04-01T00:00:00ZAn investigation into the effects of electrical muscle stimulation training in type 2 diabetes mellitus : a case studyGiggins, Oonagh M.Butler, H. W.Caulfield, BrianCrowe, LouisCoughlan, Garretthttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/22932010-08-04T15:26:41Z2010-04-01T00:00:00ZAn investigation into the effects of electrical muscle stimulation training in type 2 diabetes mellitus : a case study
Giggins, Oonagh M.; Butler, H. W.; Caulfield, Brian; Crowe, Louis; Coughlan, Garrett
Exercise is a vital component in the management and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Both the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) advocate exercise as a treatment method for T2DM. However, given the benefits of engaging in physical activity, many T2DM patients are often unable to partake in physical activity secondary to complications of their diabetes or other musculoskeletal problems. Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) exercise is a likely alternative for diabetic individuals who face barriers to physical activity. EMS has received much attention in recent years as a new form of inducing exercise. Banerjee and colleagues showed that prolonged EMS exercise in sedentary adults resulted in significant improvements in maximal aerobic capacity, muscle strength and capacity for physical activity.
Presented at the 1st Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (UK and Ireland Chapter), Salford, U.K., 15-16 April, 2010
2010-04-01T00:00:00ZAn investigation into the acute effects of electrical muscle stimulation on cardiopulmonary function in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient - a pilot case studyHennessy, EilisCoughlan, GarrettCaulfield, BrianCrowe, LouisPerumal, Shakila DeviMcDonnell, Tim J.http://hdl.handle.net/10197/22922010-08-04T15:16:32Z2010-04-01T00:00:00ZAn investigation into the acute effects of electrical muscle stimulation on cardiopulmonary function in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient - a pilot case study
Hennessy, Eilis; Coughlan, Garrett; Caulfield, Brian; Crowe, Louis; Perumal, Shakila Devi; McDonnell, Tim J.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients commonly find it difficult to participate in conventional aerobic exercise training owing to limited cardiopulmonary reserve, excessive dyspnoea and muscle fatigue. Recent studies have shown that significant improvements in oxygen consumption can be gained post 6-week electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) training. Low frequency currents elicit a sustained and significant aerobic response and may be appropriate for COPD patients, who cannot exercise in a conventional manner. A recent study compared the acute metabolic response among COPD patients during resistance training and EMS, using a tetanic frequency of 75 Hertz (Hz), however no investigations have reported on the acute effects of EMS on cardiopulmonary function in a COPD population, using low frequency stimulation current.
Poster presentation at the 1st Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (UK and Ireland Chapter), 15-16 April 2010, University of Salford, U.K.
2010-04-01T00:00:00ZValidation of a functional fatigue protocolMcGrath, DeniseCaulfield, Brianhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/22912010-08-04T14:17:37Z2010-06-01T00:00:00ZValidation of a functional fatigue protocol
McGrath, Denise; Caulfield, Brian
Neuromuscular fatigue is believed to be a contributing factor to injury in athletic situations. To examine this idea, it is necessary to establish functional fatigue models that are representative of the type of physical activity that takes place in athletic training and competition. The purpose of this study was to validate a novel functional fatigue protocol (FFP) that reproduces the demands of a sporting situation i.e. accelerating and decelerating the body, changing direction, jumping, landing, and metabolic stress.
Presented at the 18th Congress of the International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology (ISEK 2010), Aalborg, 16-19 June 2010
2010-06-01T00:00:00ZA common awareness and knowledge platform for studying and enabling independent living – CAPSILBennis, CaoimheMcGrath, DeniseCaulfield, BrianKnapp, BenCoghlan, Niallhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/22902011-01-17T14:39:04Z2010-03-01T00:00:00ZA common awareness and knowledge platform for studying and enabling independent living – CAPSIL
Bennis, Caoimhe; McGrath, Denise; Caulfield, Brian; Knapp, Ben; Coghlan, Niall
The population of the world is growing older, and the balance of old to young is shifting so that by 2050 over 30% of the population is expected to be over 60 years old, with particularly high ratios of old to young in the EU, USA and Japan. CAPSIL is an FP7 Coordinating Support Action that incorporates a strategic international coalition of University and
Industrial partners that already have extensive teams developing hardware/software/knowledge solutions to independent living based on user requirements. CAPSIL has two fundamental goals:
1. To carry out an analysis of the state of the art with regards to technology, healthcare and public policy in the EU, US and Japan for enabling independent living for older adults. Based on this analysis, develop a detailed roadmap for EU research to achieve
effective and sustainable solutions for independent living
2. To support aging research by proposing procedures to incorporate all of these diverse solutions into WiKi entries (CAPSIL WiKi). It is our hope that these CAPSIL WiKi’s will enable researchers and the ICT industry to get the information they need to quickly and easily test solutions for prolonging independent living within the many and various heterogeneous communities.
In this paper we will summarise the principal findings of the CAPSIL Roadmap and present an overview of the main research gaps and recommendations for policy and research development. Finally, we will introduce the CAPSIL WiKi infrastructure.
Presented at the AGEmap 2010 Workshop on Roadmaps towards a strategic research agenda for ICT in active ageing at the 4th International conference on Pervasive Computing for Healthcare 2010 Conference (AGEMAP Workshop), Munich, Germany, March 22-25, 2010
2010-03-01T00:00:00ZAcute physiological responses to electrical muscle stimulation in a spinal cord injured man – a case studyMcCormack, KirstiCarty, AmandaCoughlan, GarrettCrowe, LouisCaulfield, Brianhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/22882010-08-04T13:30:20Z2010-04-01T00:00:00ZAcute physiological responses to electrical muscle stimulation in a spinal cord injured man – a case study
McCormack, Kirsti; Carty, Amanda; Coughlan, Garrett; Crowe, Louis; Caulfield, Brian
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a leading cause of death in populations with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) and is contributed to by a lack of opportunities to engage in physical activity as well as limited motor function [1]. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) has been suggested as a novel CV training tool to alleviate this problem associated with SCI by increasing peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) [2]. However the use of FES is limited by its effect on muscle fatigue as well as the need for specialist equipment and training. Our research group have devised an electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) training device which has improved CV health in obese and chronic heart failure populations [3], whose symptoms are akin to those of SCI patients with CV symptoms. These results warrant further investigation into this system`s effects on the CV health of people with SCI.
Poster presentation at 1st Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (UK and Ireland Chapter) UKIFESS, Salford, U.K., 15-16 April, 2010
2010-04-01T00:00:00ZA comparison of a computer game-based exercise system with conventional approaches of exercise therapy in rheumatology patientsMcCormack, KirstiFitzgerald, DiarmaidFitzGerald, OliverCaulfield, BrianO'Huiginn, BrendanSmyth, Barryhttp://hdl.handle.net/10197/19212010-04-15T11:15:23Z2009-04-01T00:00:00ZA comparison of a computer game-based exercise system with conventional approaches of exercise therapy in rheumatology patients
McCormack, Kirsti; Fitzgerald, Diarmaid; FitzGerald, Oliver; Caulfield, Brian; O'Huiginn, Brendan; Smyth, Barry
There is a need to increase long-term exercise compliance amongst rheumatology patients to improve symptoms and quality of life. Exergaming systems, (computer video-game based exercise) could provide these patients with a motivating exercise tool to achieve such. This study aimed to compare the subjective reports of a group of rheumatology patients who exercised with an exergaming system to the reports of a similar group who performed the conventional, equivalent form of exercise, without the exergaming system.
Presented at Rheumatology '09, British Society of Rheumatology and British Health Professionals in Rheumatology Annual Meetings 2009, Glasgow, 28 April - 01 May 2009
2009-04-01T00:00:00Z