People who passed through the hardest wall３: Mandela １

＜ 1. Nelson Mandela who was first President under the democracy constitution ＞

＜ １． ネルソン・マンデラ、民主憲法下での初代大統領 ＞

In 1990, the President of white’s government resigned, and Mandela was released from prison life of 27 years.

However, this was a beginning of intense interference to apartheid abolition.

１９９０年、白人政府を代表する大統領が辞任し、マンデラは２７年間の監獄生活から釈放された。

しかし、これはアパルトヘイト撤廃への激しい妨害の始まりであった。

＜ 2. He was released in February, 1990 ＞

＜ ２． １９９０年２月、釈放 ＞

Beginning of interference

The murders that extend from several to dozens of people began in the township of black people every day from the year of his release.

A political party of black people caused social confusion for making Mandela forfeit and was going to restore the political system.

This political party had gotten strong military support and big money from white’s right wing at the back, and changing of the political system was a heavy blow for them.

Furthermore, even if a series of murders occurred, the police purposely overlooked the political party, and tried to spread this rumor ” Our society came to deteriorate by frequent occurrence of tribe conflict” around the world.

妨害の始まり

釈放の年から黒人居住区で、毎日のように数人から数十人の殺人が始まった。

これは同じ黒人のインタカ自由党が社会混乱を引き起こし、マンデラを失墜させ、元の体制に戻そうとした企てだった。

この政党は、裏で白人右翼から強力な金銭と軍事支援を受けており、体制の変更は大きな痛手となった。

また相次ぐ殺人事件が起きても、警察はインタカ自由党を黙認し、「部族抗争の頻発により社会は悪化している」と宣伝した。

＜ 3. Meeting with former president and Mandela ＞

＜ ３． 前大統領デ・クラークとの会談 ＞

Mandela strenuously was groping the peace in inside of people kindled with hatred, without support of the police.

But at last, a serious incident happened in April 1993.

The number 2 of maximum political party of black people headed by Mandela was assassinated by assassins that was sent from white people’s right-wing.

Mandela appealed to the people for “ Fighting by violence under provocation is beneficial for assassins”, and the people endured it calmly.

However, in this July, 130 people were murdered at a time.

The dead person reached 15000 people already.

The people were close to accidental explosion.

マンデラは警察の支援もなく、憎悪に燃え上がる国民の中にあって、懸命に和平を模索していた。

しかし１９９３年４月、遂に大事件が起きた。

彼が党首を務める黒人の最大政党（アフリカ民族会議）のナンバー２が暗殺された、白人右翼が放った暗殺者によって。

マンデラは国民に「挑発に乗って暴力で戦うのは、暗殺者たちにとって都合のよいこと・・」と訴え、国民は冷静に耐えた。

しかし、その７月には、一度に１３０名が殺された。

この時、既に死者は１５０００人に達していた。

国民は暴発寸前だった。

＜ 4. Mandela speech in 1993 ＞

＜ ４． １９９３年、マンデラ演説 ＞

Mandela judged this was when he should have risked himself and should appeal to the inhabitants on the spot.

In this August, he stood in the middle of a soccer stadium and began to make a speech toward 10,000 supporters.

“The first major problem is that our government, our police and our defense army have no posture that they protect our black people. They entirely think like worms have died.”

“When people are burning with anger, it’s difficult to appeal to nonviolence. But the solution is only peace and pardon.”

Most of the audiences expressed dissatisfaction openly.

“It is our responsibility to finish this violence. If someone kills innocent people, the person is not our party member.”

The audiences doubted their ears, and they thought that we were not murderers.

Big dissatisfied voice broke out.

He made up his mind.

“Be quiet! Do you want me to remain as leader?”

He made a demand more.

“Yes!” the audiences responded with a loud voice.

Then Mandela said with a smile, “ Yes! Thank you” and he finished a speech.

マンデラは危険を冒してでも現地で住民に訴えるべき時が来たと判断した。

その８月、彼はサッカー競技場の真ん中に立ち、１万人の支持者に向かって語りかけた。

「第一の大きな問題は、政府、警察、防衛軍に、我々黒人を守る姿勢がないことだ！ ・・虫けらが死んでしまったかのように考えている」

「・・人々が怒りに燃えているとき、非暴力に訴えるのは難しい・・。しかし解決策は平和だ。・・政治的寛容だ」

聴衆の多くは不満を露わにした。

「暴力に終止符に打つのは、・・我々の責任である。・・罪のない人々を殺すなら、我々の党員ではない！」

聴衆は耳を疑った、殺人者は我々ではないのに。

大きな不満の声が上がった。

彼は意を決した。

「静かに！・・私に指導者として留まって欲しいか？」

彼は更に迫った。

聴衆は「イエース！」と大声で応えた。

するとマンデラは笑みを浮かべ「イエーーース！」、「ありがとう」と言い演説を終えた。

Afterwards

The violence ceased by degrees.

The right-wing of white and the police gradually came to admit that the life of black people is valuable.

At last, in November 1993, all 19 leaders that were representative of South Africa promised to perform the general election of all races in the next year.

But a strong anti-reform force was still waiting for the next overturn chance.

Mandela will face off against them on the front, but I introduce it the next time.