The media are optimized for primary human cells but can also be used for bovine, porcine, murine, caprine, rabbit, elephant, dog, and rat endothelial cells from large vessels as well as for various endothelial cell lines.

There are several factors that can influence successful transfections, e.g. viability and density of the cells, choice of the transfection reagent, quality and type of the transfected molecules (plasmids, siRNA, oligonucleotides), as well as the culture medium and supplements used.
When using PromoCell Endothelial Cell Growth Media for cell transfection, please follow the instructions below:

The time needed to detach our primary cells depends on many different factors like the cell type, cell density, lot #, trypsin concentration, the efficiency of the washing step before adding the trypsin and the trypsinization temperature.
We recommend to trypsinize the cells at room temperature and directly monitor the detachment under the microscope. This way, you can find out your individual trypsinization time and keep the contact time between cells and trypsin to a minimum. Most cells detach after 2-8 min.

The standard medium for isolation and propagation of our HUVEC, HUAEC, HPAEC, and HSaVEC is Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (C-22010). It contains ECGS, an extract from bovine hypothalamus which has mitogenic effects on endothelial cell proliferation. Scientists who prefer a more defined Growth Medium can use Endothelial Cell Growth Medium 2 (C-22011). In this medium, ECGS is replaced by VEGF, IGF, and additional bFGF and EGF to stimulate endothelial cell growth.

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Our HPAEC (C-12241) are harvested directly from the pulmonary artery. For their isolation, the vessel is explanted right after the position where the artery leaves the heart, including the bifurcation. HPAEC represent the innermost cell layer (i.e. the endothelial cells) of the pulmonary artery.
We also supply pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC; C-12281) isolated from the capillaries of peripheral lung tissue.

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Mononuclear cells are mostly used in immunology, infection biology, hematology and cancer research to study subpopulations of blood cells.
Our Mononuclear Cell Medium (C-28030) is intended for short-term maintenance (up to 48 hrs) of the thawed hMNC before you proceed with your experiments. The number of PDs will depend on the subsequent cell culture conditions and is not determined by PromoCell.
Please note: Depending on the conditions, the ratio of the subpopulations will gradually change, as the different blood cell types behave in different manners. Researchers normally start soon after thawing to either select the cell type of their interest (e.g. hematopoietic cells, endothelial progenitor cells) or perform experiments with all populations of hMNCs (e.g. to study effects on toxicity, viability or metabolism).

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ECGS is the abbreviation for "Endothelial Cell Growth Supplement". It is an aqueous bovine hypothalamus extract that has mitogenic effects on endothelial cells and a few additional cell types and is especially useful for the cultivation of cells under serum-reduced or serum-free conditions.Please note: The bovine brain tissue used for ECGS production exclusively originates from New Zealand and is thus classified as BSE-free.

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PromoCell does not determine the number of passages but instead we calculate the population doublings (PD) that can be performed with the cells. The term passage only describes the process of detachment and replating and does not take into account different split ratios. The optimal split ratio is calculated from the actual cell yield after trypsinisation and the recommended plating density. In most of our cell types, the split ratio is usually between 1:3 and 1:6. Using 1:4 splits (i.e. increasing the growth surface by factor 4 each time), 15 doublings are achieved after 6-8 passages.For recommended plating densities, please see the respective data sheet or check the overview on our website.

Antibiotics are routinely used in cell cultures to prevent bacterial infections. But there are side effects: Studies show that they impair cell growth and differentiation. With good laboratory practice, the use of antibiotics is unnecessary.
A cell culture is a world of its own. The culture dish contains nutrients within the media that cells need to thrive and prosper….

Human umbilical vein cells (HUVECs) are easy to access, so they have been the major source of primary endothelial cells (ECs) for years. But to study adult vascular pathology, bring your endothelial research to the next level – by choosing adult ECs that more accurately resemble in vitro conditions….

An invisible enemy that reduces the growth rate of your cell lines, mycoplasma threaten your hard work and scientific data. Every fourth cell culture could be affected. But there is hope. Our expert, Dr. Tobi Limke, explains how you can prevent mycoplasma contamination, and she outlines ways to deal with bacteria once they have infiltrated your plates and flasks….

Crossing the border between medical and biomechanical research fuels the research of stem cell specialist Dr. Diego Correa. We talked to the Colombian-born stem cell scientist, a former clinician with training in mechanical engineering, about his studies with mesenchymal stem cells and their potential clinical applications in cell-based therapy. Soon Correa is going to publish what he believes will be his most important contribution to this field….

Self-destruction of the body: Cancer turns normal body cells into their malignant counterpart that wants to keep on replicating by any means. Understanding the individual disease offers the potential for more effective therapies with fewer side effects. The new PromoCell Primary Cancer Culture System allows researchers to generate high-fidelity in vitro models of primary tumors….

Oxygen has two faces: While it’s a life-saving gas essential for humans and animals, excessive generation of reactive oxygen species damages cells and promotes senescence. This duality is the research focus of Professor Giovanni E. Mann of King’s College London. Prof. Mann and his colleagues are currently investigating redox signaling in vascular cells in culture….

Many scientists working in oncology focus on cancer stem cells (CSCs). Targeting these cells specifically could improve cancer therapy significantly. Because CSCs rely heavily on their environment, three-dimensional cultivation offers the unique opportunity to better understand this interaction. We talked to two scientists working in this field of cancer research.
In the human body,…

Doctors, and patients with chronic diseases, are putting hope into new findings in regenerative medicine that are based on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research. As promising as some published results sound, they might be not reproducible – simply due to insufficient authentication and poor handling of cell cultures. Rigorous validation of cell identity is crucial for working with human mesenchymal stem cells – and,…

What seems basic to cell culturing is pure stress for primary cells: thawing, subcultivation and freezing. Even seasoned scientists tend to overlook this aspect, and manipulate their cultures less carefully than they should. Unhealthy, or even dead cells are the sad consequence. Here, you can benefit from an expert’s tips in handling primary cells,…

Researchers are increasingly using 3D cell cultures to study the skin’s features. Three-dimensional skin models offer the potential to study various diseases and test compounds in vitro. Dr. Florian Groeber-Becker from the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC in Wurzburg has developed a highly sophisticated skin model.
It is the first thing people see when they look at us….