engMashhad University of Medical SciencesJournal of Dental Materials and Techniques2322-41502252-03172014-06-0132475410.22038/jdmt.2014.23742374A Review of Biopsy in Dentistry: Principles, Techniques, and ConsiderationsMassoumeh Zargaran1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranBiopsy is a useful technique for definitive diagnosis of abnormal oral conditions and it must be performed carefully since any error may result in histopathologic misidentification of the lesion. Present study evaluated the most relevant literatures published between 1982 and 2012 in order to review existed guidelines of correct biopsy performance using scientific database sources such as PubMed, MEDLINE, IMEMR, and Chemical Abstract. The aim of this study was to increase knowledge of dental practitioners especially general dentists about factors which may influence optimization of oral biopsy.
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http://jdmt.mums.ac.ir/article_2374_7e1d7b68450e6af288d07e1754f750c1.pdfBiopsyDentistryHistopathologyoral lesionspecimenengMashhad University of Medical SciencesJournal of Dental Materials and Techniques2322-41502252-03172014-06-0132556010.22038/jdmt.2014.24362436Diode Laser and Calcium Hydroxide for Elimination of Enterococcus Faecalis in Root CanalNeda Naghavi1Armita Rouhani2Sahar Irani3Nadia Naghavi4Elham Banihashemi5Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran2Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, IranGeneral Dentist, Mashhad, IranIntroduction: The ultimate goal of endodontic treatment is to eliminate the bacterial infection in the root canal system. While mechanical debridement combined with chemical irrigation removes the bulk of microorganisms, residual bacteria are readily detectable in approximately one-half of teeth just prior to obturation. Laser light can be used to destroy bacteria. This in vitro study was performed to evaluate the effect of diode laser and calcium hydroxide on mono-infected dental canals.Methods: Fifty five single-rooted human premolars were prepared and contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. After three weeks of incubation, the samples were divided into three experimental groups (n = 15) and two control groups (n = 5). In the first and second groups, the teeth were rinsed for 5 min with either sterile saline or 5.25% NaOCl and irradiated with a 810-nm diode laser at 1.5 W output for 5 × 4s. In the third group, the teeth were rinsed with 5.25% NaOCl and then Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> paste was inserted in the canals for 1 week. Intracanal bacterial sampling was done and the samples were plated to determine the CFU count. Results: 5.25% NaOCl plus laser was as effective as calcium hydroxide and significantly more effective than sterile saline (P>0.05) in elimination of E. faecalis. Complete elimination of E. faecalis was seen only for the one week calcium hydroxide treatment. Conclusion: Combination therapy with NaOCl irrigation and diode laser irradiation can be recommended as an effective treatment option for elimination of E. faecalis from the root canal system.http://jdmt.mums.ac.ir/article_2436_c88934f0004dc783ab8c515674d53f73.pdfAntibacterial propertiesCalcium hydroxideDiode laserEnterococcus faecalisengMashhad University of Medical SciencesJournal of Dental Materials and Techniques2322-41502252-03172014-06-0132616510.22038/jdmt.2014.23782378Are Bonding Agents being Effective on the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded to the Composite?Fahimeh Farzanegan1Behrad Tanbakuchi21 Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Orthodontics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Introduction:</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> One of the clinical problems in orthodontics is the bonding of brackets to<br/>composite restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond<br/>strength of brackets bonded to composite restorations using Excite. Methods:<br/>Forty brackets were bonded to composite surfaces, which were embedded in<br/>acrylic resin. One of the following four protocols was employed for surface<br/>preparation of the composite: group 1) 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds, group<br/>2) roughening with a diamond bur plus 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds, group<br/>3) 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds and the applying Excite<sup>®</sup>, group<br/>4) roughening with diamond bur plus 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds and<br/>applying Excite<sup>®</sup>. Maxillary central brackets were bonded onto the<br/>composite prepared samples with Transbond XT. Shear Bond Strength (SBS) was<br/>measured by a universal testing machine. The ANOVA and Tukey test was utilized<br/>for data analysis. Results: There was a significant difference between<br/>the four groups (P<.000). The lowest and highest SBS were attributed to the<br/>Group 1 and Group 4 respectively. There was no significant difference between<br/>Groups 1 & 3, 2 & 3 and 2 & 4. However, differences between Group 1<br/>in comparison with Groups 2 and 4 and Group 3 with Group 4 were statistically<br/>significant. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the<br/>usage of Excite<sup>® </sup>alone beforebonding brackets to<br/>composite restorations does not cause an increase in bond strength. However,<br/>roughening the composite surface before applying Excite is very effective for<br/>improving the bond strength of orthodontic brackets to composite restorations</span>http://jdmt.mums.ac.ir/article_2378_70eb20133c2666fa07a890050c4090a2.pdfBond Strengthcomposite restorationsorthodontic bracketsengMashhad University of Medical SciencesJournal of Dental Materials and Techniques2322-41502252-03172014-06-0132667010.22038/jdmt.2014.23812381Technical Quality of Root Fillings Performed by Dental Students in Babol Dental SchoolMaryam Ehsani1Farida Abesi2Tania Ghasemitani@yahoo.com3Dental Material Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranDental Material Research Center, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental Faculty, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranStudent Research Committee of Babol University, Dental Faculty, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Introduction:</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> There is substantial evidence that the technical quality of root canal<br/>filling has a significant effect on the outcome of root canal treatment. The<br/>aim of this study was to evaluate the technical quality of root canal fillings<br/>performed by dental students. Methods: The records of 325 teeth<br/>radiographs, treated by dental students in 2008-2009 in Babol Dental School,<br/>were selected and evaluated. For each tooth, three periapical radiographs<br/>(before treatment, during operation and at the end of treatment) were examined.<br/>Filling length, density and taper, and presence or absence of void was<br/>evaluated. Obturations that have proper length, density and taper, without any<br/>void are classified as acceptable root canal fillings. The SPSS statistical<br/>software and Chi-Square test were used for analysis. Results: Of the 325<br/>radiographs, 72% had good length and 75% had acceptable taper. There were 14.2%<br/>low densities, whereas, only 3.32% of teeth have no void. At least 17.8% of<br/>teeth had underfilling and 10.2% overfilling. Finally, only 17.5% of teeth<br/>showed acceptable filling length, taper and density without any void. There was<br/>no significant difference between the 4<sup>th</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> year<br/>students and oral hygienist (who studied oral hygiene and now continuing it to<br/>dentistry) in root canal filling quality (P> 0.05). Conclusion:<br/>Technical quality of root fillings performed by dental students was found to be<br/>less than 20%. .It should be revised in the endodontic curriculum requirement<br/>to improve their performance</span>http://jdmt.mums.ac.ir/article_2381_aad4763a7dd0ae2541ff2d481b222489.pdfDental studentsperiapical radiographsQualityRoot canal treatmentengMashhad University of Medical SciencesJournal of Dental Materials and Techniques2322-41502252-03172014-06-0132717610.22038/jdmt.2014.23822382Comparison of Inferior Dental Nerve Block Injections in Child Patients Using 30-Gauge and 27-Gauge Short NeedlesDavoud Ghasemid.ghasemi@khuisf.ac.ir1sara Rajaeisara.rajai61@yahoo.com2Ershad Aghasizadehfdfg@yahoo.com3Department of Pedodontics, Dental Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan, Isfahan Branch, IranDepartment of Pedodontics, Dental Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan, Isfahan Branch, IranPeriodontologist, Mashhad, IranIntroduction: The purpose of the present study was to record their pain sensation and to assess children`s reaction objectively and subjectively while receiving dental local anesthesia with 27- and 30-gauge needles. Methods: Forty children (24 boys and 16 girls) participated in this study. A random double-blinded crossover design was used so that each child served as his or her own control, receiving each treatment on the same sides of the same arch at different sessions. Each patient received an injection either with a 27- or 30-gauge needle during the second visit and during the third visit with the other needle. Objective and subjective evaluations were performed. Results: Children`s reactions to mandibular nerve block with 27- or 30-gauge needle regarding SEM scale and Face scale demonstrated significant difference, whereas children receiving the injection with a 27-gauge needle presented more sensation of pain objectively and subjectively. Conclusion: Significant difference was demonstrated concerning pain when 27-gauge or 30-gauge needle was used, and no difference was found in success of local anesthesia. As to these two variables, measured and reported in this study, it can be concluded that 30-gauge needle exhibit clinical advantage in inferior dental injection in children.http://jdmt.mums.ac.ir/article_2382_788e254a2d3312e56455b4b821aa4f9a.pdfFace scaleinferior dental nerve block30-gauge needle27-guage needleSEM scaleengMashhad University of Medical SciencesJournal of Dental Materials and Techniques2322-41502252-03172014-06-0132778110.22038/jdmt.2014.23852385The effects of Exposure Times and Light Curing Sources on Surface Micro-Hardness of a Resin Modified Glass IonomerIman Parisay1Zahra Bahrololomi2Maryam Ghafourniaghafournia_m@yahoo.com3Ali-Asghar Solaimani4Alireza Boruziniat5Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, IranDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, International Branch of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranRestorative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Introduction: </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence<br/>of different light curing systems and curing times on the micro-hardness of a<br/>resin modified glass ionomer. Methods: Forty two samples of Resin<br/>Modified Glass Ionomer (RMGI) were prepared using stainless steel cylindrical mold<br/>(8 × 2 mm) and randomly divided into six groups of seven. Three groups were<br/>cured with a Quartz Tungsten Halogen (QTH) light cure unit and the other three<br/>groups were polymerized with LED unit for 20, 30 and 40 seconds. All samples<br/>were stored in distilled water for 24 hours. The micro-hardness was measured on<br/>the top and bottom surfaces of the samples by Vickers hardness tester. Data<br/>were analyzed by two–way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests. Results: Two-way<br/>ANOVA showed that QTH light-cure unit had higher percentage in depth of cure<br/>than LED light-curing unit in both surfaces; whereas, the application time has<br/>no significant effect on it. There was no interaction between two variables. In<br/>both light-curing groups, the values of top and bottom surfaces micro-hardness<br/>were increased as the application time increased, but there was not any<br/>statistically significant difference among these groups except for 40-second group<br/>of LED light-curing unit which was significantly higher than 20-second and<br/>30-second groups (P<0.05). The micro-hardness value of QTH light-curing unit<br/>was higher than LED light-curing unit. Conclusion: The application of<br/>QTH light-curing unit for at least 20 seconds produces <span class="hps"><span style="color: #222222;">sufficient</span></span> micro-hardness and depth of cure<br/>of RMGI</span>http://jdmt.mums.ac.ir/article_2385_571b1813b091ae32b94fc7c859f054cd.pdfGlass Ionomerlight curing unitmicro-hardnessengMashhad University of Medical SciencesJournal of Dental Materials and Techniques2322-41502252-03172014-06-0132828610.22038/jdmt.2014.23882388Orthodontic Management of a Severely Rotated Maxillary Central Incisor in the Mixed Dentition: A Case ReportArezoo Jahanbin1Behrad Tanbakuchi21 Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranThe aim of this case report was to introduce an appliance for correcting severe rotation of anterior teeth in the mixed dentition period. A 9-year-old Iranian boy with a mixed dentition Class I malocclusion complained of a severely rotated of upper right central incisor. There was a mesiodens between the central incisors. The supernumerary tooth was first extracted and then a Whip appliance which is composed of a removable plate, a cantilever spring and a central bracket on the rotated tooth was utilized. After 8 months, the upper right central incisor was orthodontically brought into proper alignment. Circumferential supracrestal fibrotomy was performed on the overcorrected tooth. One week after surgery, the device was removed and the retention was started. The whip appliance is a removable appliance that can effectively correct severe rotation of anterior teeth especially during the mixed dentition period.http://jdmt.mums.ac.ir/article_2388_233de853debef1a27dae4efe2bb318b2.pdfOrthodonticsrotationwhip applianceengMashhad University of Medical SciencesJournal of Dental Materials and Techniques2322-41502252-03172014-06-0132879010.22038/jdmt.2014.23892389Treatment Plan and Clinical Management of a Geminated Maxillary Lateral Incisor: A Case ReportSiavash Moushekhianmoushekhians@mums.ac.ir1Masoud Shiehzadehshiezadehm@mums.ac.ir2Amir Shammasamirshammas@yahoo.com3Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bojnord University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The anatomic anomalies detection is important for an attentive clinician. A<br/>successful treatment of an endodontically involved tooth should make it<br/>functional and aesthetically acceptable for the patient. The following article<br/>presented a case of gemination and the endodontic, prosthetic and periodontal<br/>treatments which were done to keep a complicated tooth in aesthetic zone</span>http://jdmt.mums.ac.ir/article_2389_a126d9eb39da4a73756813dc05feeb45.pdfClinical managementgerminationmaxillary lateral incisor