A couple of months ago I was watching some Ice Pilots NWT re-runs, and I noticed they kept saying 'overshoot' when talking about a go-around. Is this standard Canadian phraseology? Or is it perhaps old phraseology? Or is it simply reworded for the benefit of the TV audience?

I'm not asking about the meaning of the word 'overshoot' which is quite clear, but it was being used were every pilot I know would use the word 'go-around', i.e. calling "overshoot, overshoot, overshoot" when shoving the throttles forward.

(1) To pass beyond the limit of the runway or landing field when
trying to land.

Fr: dépasser

(2) Other expression for: go-around

and

“Go around”

An expression used in radiocommunications to instruct a pilot to
abandon an approach or landing.

Fr: « Remettez les gaz »

go-around

The procedure followed by a pilot who decides to abandon an approach
or landing.

Fr: remise des gaz

Plus, looking at various Flight Test Guides listed at the Canadian Government Air Transportation site it appears that pilots in Canadian flight schools are taught "overshoot" procedures for missed approaches (vice go-around).

Seeing as you were watching a reality TV show dealing with Canadian pilots, it is not surprising they use the terminology they were most likely taught in flight school (in Canada).

Overshoot could be, also, when the pilot is not able to intercept the localizer, due to a sharp bank, or faster than usual, missing to intercept it. e.g.: The crew overshot the localizer, then they decided to start a new approach procedure.