Note on Political Activities from 2046 B.S. to 2062 B.S.

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The ban on political parties was lifted on 26th Chaitra 2046 B.S. The people were celebrating on the streets. A victory rally was held in Kathmandu on 27th Chaitra and peole gathered all around. An interim government was formed with Krishna Pd. Bhattarai as the Prime Minister. The members of this government were various protesting political parties, people nominated by the King, and independent candidates. This government was tasked with creating a multiparty favorable constitution and conducting the general election.

The constitution advisory commission was created led by Bishwa Nath Upadhyaya to build a constitution that respects the revolution and favors the civil rights. The commission prepared a draft and submitted it to the King. On 23rd Kartik 2047 B.S., King Birendra announced the Constitution of Nepal 2047 B.S. The constitutional monarchy came into effect from that day onwards. The general election was successfully held and Nepali Congress won the majority of the votes. Girija Pd. Koirala was appointed the Prime Minister.

Constitution of Nepal 2047 B.S. was promulgated by King Birendra on Kartik 23, 2047 B.S. which has 23 parts, 133 articles, and 3 schedules. The main features of the constitution are as follows:

Constitution, the source of all laws

Sovereignty inherent in people

Multiparty democracy and constitutional monarchy

Bicameral parliament

Provision of fundamental rights and human rights

Provision of constitutional organs

Independent Judiciary

Adult franchise

Due to internal conflicts, this government was disbanded without completing its full term. The midterm elections for the constituent assembly were held on Kartik 2051 B.S. No party could achieve majority votes. Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist Leninist) president ManMohan Adhikari was elected the Prime Minister. There were various governments being set up and getting dissolved after this.

The then Nepal Communist Party (Maoist) started armed resistance against the constitution and the existing monarchy from 1st Falgun 2052 B.S. The Narayanhiti Massacre occurred on 19th Jestha 2059 B.S. that ended the royal family of King Birendra. This event effectively changed the political atmosphere of Nepal. King Birendra’s younger brother Gyanendra succeeded the royal throne. King Gyanendra removed the then Prime Minister Sher Bd. Deuba from cabinet and took complete power within his hands on 18th Aswin 2059 B.S. He further announced that political leaders from major parties were put on house arrest from 19th Magh 2061 B.S. He also announced that the complete executive rights had been taken back and he was the sole ruler.

Political parties were angered by this decision. The revolting CPN Maoist was further agitated by this decision. Seven political parties and CPN Maoist reached a 12 point agreement in Delhi to conduct a peaceful revolution against the King’s decisions. Accordingly, the second civil revolution began from 24th Chaitra 2062 B.S. This Second People's Movement began to affect every sector, and the general public poured onto the streets in huge numbers. There were protests for 19 days all over the country against monarchy. Finally the King was forced to step down.

Keeping in mind the ongoing movement, King Gyanendra made a public announcement on 11th Baishakh 2063 B.S. He agreed to meet the demands put forth by the protesting parties and republic democracy was established. The constituent assembly was revived to hold elections and build the constitution.

S. No.

Date

Events

1

6th Baishakh 2047 B.S.

Formation of 11 member interin government led by Krishna Pd. Bhattarai

Nepal has undergone several political ups and downs. Political instabilities weaken the development process of the country. These instabilities have been observed after the unification of Nepal. Several political systems have been exercised for a new political realm but later again the trend of destines in politics is witnessed. In my opinion the political development after 2063 was considerably satisfactory in the beginning. But then grew unnecessary environment of negotiations in one's favor rather than the sake of country's development. After the election of constituent Assembly, the CPN Maoist emerged as the largest political party. But its role wasn't as expected, though it formed its government. In the latter days there came unhealthy environment of power greed rather than the focus on constitution drafting. In the latter days, it is clearly seems that the political leaders are more interested in strengthening one's own power rather than doing any praiseworthy act for the sake of country. As a result the parliaments have been publicly facing mistreatments. They seem interested on earning through allowances per month and retain the power.

Late King Birendra was born in Narayanhiti Royal Palace on 14th Poush 2002 B.S. He was the eldest son of king Mahendra and his senior queen Indra Rajya Laxmi Devi Shah. He completed his higher education at the most renowned academic institution abroad such as St. Joseph's school, Boston College, Tokyo University and Harvard University. King Birendra was married to queen Aishwarya on 16th Falgun 2016. They were blessed with two sons and a daughter. Late King Birendra stressed upon the need of balanced development. Before he divided the country into four and later on five development regions he had underlined high rate of growth of population, deep rooted ignorance and illiteracy and low level of skill and knowledge as the problems of development of Nepal. In the process of development he was one of the most local members of the SAARC which was established for the regional cooperation in South Asia. In a sorrowful and unprecedented academy at Narayanhiti Royal Palace, all family members of king Birendra were massacred recently on 19th Jestha 2058 B.S. It was the most shameful incident in the history of Nepal.