Written Responses to Questions Submitted by Hurriyet of Turkey

March 29, 1985
U.S. Military Assistance for Turkey

Q. During your first term, administration officials emphasized in congressional hearings time after
time that military aid to Turkey is insufficient to modernize her ancient armed forces. Two
questions: Do you think Turkey is fit to fulfill her NATO duties under these circumstances? Since
administration requests have always been cut by Congress, do you intend to increase aid to
Turkey?

The President. The United States is committed to help Turkey modernize its armed forces as
quickly as possible. We are doing our best to help ensure that a key ally has a strong defense.

In order to do this, we have more than tripled military assistance to Turkey since 1980. Last year
Congress approved $700 million in military assistance. This year, recognizing the continuing need,
I have requested Congress to approve nearly $800 million in military assistance, of which over 73
percent is either grant or on concessional terms.

Conflict in Cyprus

Q. What is your evaluation of Greek and Turkish attitudes during the last summit on Cyprus?

The President. As we said in January, the United States regrets the failure of the summit meeting
between the leaders of the two Cypriot communities. We believe, however, that the pursuit of a
negotiated political solution in Cyprus must continue and that the Cypriot parties themselves hold
the key to their own future. We continue to support the Secretary-General's role under his
Security Council mandate and for our part have encouraged all parties to this dispute to be
flexible and forthcoming.

Q. Are you optimistic about a peaceful solution?

The President. As I said, we are still hopeful the Cypriot parties can find the will to move forward,
under the guidance of the Secretary-General, to find a peaceful and lasting solution to the Cyprus
question.

U.S. Military Bases in Greece

Q. Greek Prime Minister Papandreou has been hostile to NATO. Do you think it is secure to keep
U.S. bases in Greece under the circumstances, or do you intend to move them to Turkey?

The President. The United States maintains its longstanding security relationship with Greece
within the NATO partnership. We believe that U.S. bases in Greece are of value to Greece, the
U.S., and NATO. That is why we negotiated a bilateral defense and economic cooperation
agreement, and we continue to maintain this view.

Terrorism

Q. Turkey, like the U.S., faces constant international terrorist attacks. Armenian terrorist groups
claim responsibility for Turkish victims. However, Congress is about to vote on an Armenian
resolution -- referring to the so-called genocide in 1915. Do you approve congressional action on
such a sensitive issue?

The President. I know this is a deeply emotional issue, and I sympathize with all those who
suffered during the tragic events of 1915. I also profoundly regret that Turks and Armenians have
so far not been able to resolve their differences. Nevertheless, there is no question regarding my
opposition to terrorism. On those grounds alone, my administration opposes congressional action
on the kind of resolution to which you refer. We are concerned such resolutions might
inadvertently encourage or reward terrorist attacks on Turks and Turkish-Americans. We also
oppose them because they could harm relations with an important ally.

I hope the Turkish people understand that in our form of government the Executive can only seek
to persuade the Congress and does not control congressional actions. Therefore, these
resolutions, if adopted, would only express an opinion of the Congress. They would not and could
not change my policy toward Turkey or my commitment to the fight against international
terrorism.

Turkish Economy

Q. Turkey is following in the footsteps of U.S. economic policy. Liberal trade and conservative
monetary policy are the basics of Turkish economic policy. Do you believe such measures should
be used in developing countries? Do you think the measures are productive?

The President. Private capital working in an open market is the most effective engine of
development. The success that Mr. Ozal [Prime Minister Turgut Ozal of Turkey]has had, so far, in reinstituting an
enviable economic growth rate through his liberalization policies demonstrates that fact. The
United States strongly supports Turkey's economic program and applauds the responsible and
successful manner in which Turkey has addressed its international financial obligations.

Q. Do you see Turkey as an economic as well as strategic ally of the U.S.?

The President. A healthy, growing Turkish economy is in the best interests of Turkey and the
United States, and we are encouraging the development of a strong, competitive Turkish
economy. In the world of trade, countries are at the same time partners and competitors. We look
forward to competing with Turkish goods and services in the world marketplace and anticipate
expanding our markets in Turkey as well.

Middle East

Q. Since 1948 the Middle East has not been at peace. What are your plans to bring peace to the
region? Would you support an international conference like that most Arab nations favor?

The President. The achievement of a just and lasting peace between Israel and all its neighbors is a
major goal of the United States. We are working with the parties to achieve, as a next step, a
broadening of negotiations through direct talks between Israel and Jordan with Palestinian
representatives. The United States firmly believes that the only practical path to peace in the
Middle East lies in direct negotiations based upon United Nations Security Council Resolutions
242 and 338.

An international conference would inevitably produce extremist rhetoric and confrontation rather
than serious and productive negotiation. This would not bring closer the peaceful settlement we
seek.

In my September 1, 1982, Middle East peace initiative, which is firmly based on Resolutions 242
and 338 and the Camp David framework, I outlined positions which the United States would
support in negotiations. These positions are aimed at the achievement of an equitable settlement
that would reconcile Israel's legitimate security interests and the legitimate rights of the Palestinian
people. Acceptance of our proposals by other parties is not a precondition for negotiations. We
would expect other parties to put forward their positions.

Recent developments have spurred movement toward negotiations. This momentum must be
maintained and built upon. The United States will be active in that effort.

U.S.-Soviet Relations and the Nuclear and Space Arms Negotiations

Q. How do you see future U.S.-Soviet relations? Are you optimistic about the Geneva talks?

The President. It is regrettable that U.S. relations with the U.S.S.R. have been difficult in recent
years, but we must face the fact that events such as the brutal Soviet war against the Afghan
people, the continuing Soviet military buildup far beyond legitimate defense needs, and the
deteriorating human rights situation in the U.S.S.R. complicate the task of developing more
satisfactory relations.

Although issues are complex, I am hopeful that we are at a point where we and the Soviets can
make progress on the major issues. My administration will take every opportunity to broaden our
dialog with the U.S.S.R. and work for mutually beneficial solutions to our problems. No one can
predict what the future might hold, but I can assure you that Mr. Gorbachev and his colleagues in
the Soviet leadership will find America to be a willing partner in the search for true peace. We
hope that the Soviet Union is equally committed.

I have no higher priority than negotiating the reduction and, eventually, the complete elimination
of nuclear weapons, and I am pleased that new arms control negotiations are underway in
Geneva. The issues are many and complex, and it would be unrealistic to expect quick or easy
progress. Nevertheless, I am optimistic that agreement can be reached if the Soviets join us in a
serious and constructive approach to the talks.

Strategic Defense Initiative

Q. Star Wars is the most controversial subject of our time. Is this just a project or a bargaining
tool?

The President. The Strategic Defense Initiative is not an arms development program. SDI is a
research effort and, as such, cannot be a bargaining tool. Its purpose is to explore the potential of
newly emerging technologies to see whether we can find an effective defense against ballistic
missiles, thereby strengthening deterrence and reducing the risk of war. The focus of the research
is on nonnuclear technologies.

The 1972 antiballistic missile treaty permits research into ballistic missile defensive technologies,
and both we and the Soviets recognize the impossibility of limiting research. Indeed, the Soviet
Union has for many years conducted a vigorous research program in this area. In fact, over the
last 20 years the Soviet Union has spent approximately as much on strategic defense as on its
massive offensive programs and has engaged in activities, such as the construction of the
Krasnoyarsk radar, that violate the ABM treaty.

We believe it is essential that we examine the feasibility of defensive technologies which, if the
research bears out, will increase the incentives for future radical reductions in offensive nuclear
arms. In any case, it would be imprudent for us not to continue our research as a hedge against a
possible Soviet breakthrough in defense technologies or a complete Soviet breakout from the
ABM treaty.

Presidential Visit to Turkey

Q. During your upcoming trip to Europe, would you include Turkey in your schedule?

The President. I'm afraid there will not be sufficient time on that trip to include Turkey, and I truly
regret this.

U.S.-Turkey Relations

Q. Mr. President, you are as famous in Turkey as in the U.S. regarding popularity and your
programs and your economic success story. You are very much liked by the Turkish public. What
are your thoughts on the Turkish people? Is there any message you would like to convey to them
before the historic visit of the Turkish Prime Minister?

The President. I have always thought of the Turkish people as particularly brave and steadfast --
brave certainly in the military sense, as all the world knows, but brave also in terms of the
determination they have shown in stabilizing and rebuilding their economy. In this, too, they are
an outstanding example to the rest of the world. It is important that Turks explain to the
American people and the world their significant progress toward greater democracy, freedom, and
economic growth and the additional goals they have set for themselves.

The relationship between Turkey and the United States has grown during my administration, and I
look forward to seeing that relationship further broadened and strengthened in the coming years. I
particularly look forward to meeting your Prime Minister, about whom I have heard so much and
with whom I share so many goals and opinions.

Note: The questions and answers were released by the Office of the Press Secretary on April 1.