The paper provides a review of existing modelling tools that have been applied to a wide range of sustainability issues and have been used for policy-relevant sustainability assessments. The review covers biophysical models, socio-economic models as well as integrated approaches. It is discussed at which stages of the Integrated Sustainability Assessment (ISA) cycle models can play an important role. A case study is provided on how three prominent models are to be linked for ISA. The paper closes with a discussion of challenges and limitations in using models in an interdisciplinary setting.

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