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DIESEL INJECTION RATE CAN MINIMIZE EMISSIONS, MAXIMIZE ECONOMY

Swirl type direction injection diesel engines show marked differences in their response to increased injection rates. That's probably due to differing degrees of liquid impingement on combustion chamber walls resulting from different air inlet ports, air motion, and corresponding best nozzle configuration. A "rate parameter" correlates fuel injection rates with BSFC, smoke, CO, and NOx for non-impingement conditions but, beyond a "maximum useful rate" (MUR), NOx continues to increase while there are no further reductions in the first three items. Overall optimum impingement rate is less than MUR in practical cases, and is a function of various emissions and system response to injection rates and timing.