overall, less GABA and more Thalamic input to Cortex
hyperkinetic mvmt disorder

Parkinson's effects
Direct Pathways

Indirect

degen of SNpc
shows less GABA output

take away inhib input, there is more GABA output
glu coming out of STN is more than it should be, therefore put out too much GABA to thal

Substantia Nigra

two black streaks in mid brain

due to neuromelanin

projects to Striatum

Direct pathway effects in PD

Indirect path effects in PD

less DA, less GABA output
take brake off of GPi
*same result as direct
not enough of an inhib on STN, you then get too much Glu to Gpi
put the foot on gas for Gpi, which is in hib
*Get HYPOkinetic mvmt disorder

Pigmented Structrues that degen in PD

what is this infering?

1. SNpc
2. Locus Ceruleus

PD is an overall MONOAMINERGIC disease

PD problems

motor, sleep, mood
Ach Interneurons
serotonin input to striatum
LC projects to SN
ALL of these areas are affected