Mission GoalPrimary: Direct an impactor into Deimos at high velocities to launch a plume of surface and subsurface debris into space. The released plume will be analyzed by a passive infrared spectrometer to determine the composition of Deimos. This will determine whether Deimos is a C or D type asteroid, or Mars ejecta.Secondary: Prebiotic volatile concentrations will be analyzed to determine the potential asteroid contributions to early life.Alternative: Close Proximity Imaging of one face of Deimos with passive spectrometry of surface composition or total satellite impact with spectrometry conducted by Mars satellites.#

Sam

ObjectivesThe impactor shall collide with Deimos surface and generate a plume sufficient enough in size for the CubeSat Spectrometer to detect.The impactor shall release from the observer and penetrate Deimos surface deep enough to expose subsurface volatile compounds including oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water, and ammonia.The CubeSat shall analyze the plume with a spectrometer and determine the 1.3 m absorption levels, as well as the absorption levels of volatiles and successfully relay this data back to Earth.#

Sam

Key Mission RequirementsShall be ready for launch by July 14th, 2020Shall not exceed $5.6 M in total cost Shall not exceed 14 kg for all componentsBe able to deliver the impactor to the surface of Deimos 50 minutes before the observerBe able to deliver the impactor to Deimos at a speed no less than 3.5 km/s and a mass of 4 kg to produce a sufficient plume size of 0.25 km x 0.25 kmBe able to determine the 1.3 m absorption levels of the plume as well as the absorption levels of volatilesBe able to point the spectrometer at the plume for a minimum of 30 seconds at a range of no more than 600kmBe able to relay all spectrometer data back to Earth via the DSN

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Sam

Mission Science Value Key science questions areOriginCompositionRelationship to other solar system materials. Are the moons possibly re-accreted Mars ejecta [or] primitive, D-type bodies? Spectrometry can answer this question.Resolving the debate concerning the compositions (and likely origins) of... Deimos may be relevant to understanding the early history of Mars...if they turn out to be related to volatile-rich asteroids...they may be the surviving representatives of a family of bodies that originated in the outer asteroid belt or further, and reached the inner solar system to deliver volatiles and organics to the accreting terrestrial planets. -Decadal Survey

Decadal Survey: Are the moons possibly re-accreted Mars ejecta? Or are they possibly related to primitive, D-type bodies? These questions can be investigated.mission that includes measurements of bulk properties and internal structure.

Requirement FlowdownProject ADIOS will determine the surface and subsurface composition of Deimos through spectrometry using a CubeSat and detachable impactorThe impactor shall strike Deimos with a mass and velocity sufficient to generate an analyzable plumeThe impactor must detach safely from the CubeSatSeparation mechanism requirementsThe impactor must navigate to DeimosGNC, ADCS, propulsion requirementsThe impactor must arrive with a mass of 4 kg and a speed of 3.5 km/sThe CubeSat shall perform spectrometry on the generated plume and transmit the data back to Earth for analysisThe CubeSat must pass within 600 km of the plume ~1 hr after impactGNC, ADCS, propulsion requirementsThe CubeSat must analyze the 1.3 m absorption and absorption levels of volatilesADCS, spectrometer, C&DH requirementsThe CubeSat must transmit the data to the DSNComms requirements#

Good windowOptimal caseRequired Vc over one Deimos orbital period Trajectory: Lining up with Deimos#Retrograde Hyperbolic Trajectory for maximum impact velocityOver 12 hours window available each 30 hours (Deimos orbital period) to keep Vc lowAdjustment to delay/advance arrival time can be done at initial separation

Payload: SpectrometerSelected Instrument: ARGUS Passive infrared spectrometerOperates in 1 m to 1.7 m rangeExtended range version goes to 2400 nm Range: 600 kmFOV: 0.15Power: 1.4 WVolume: 0.18UIntegration Time Ranges: 500 s to ~4 secondsData transmitted in 100 ms Can adjust number of scans for co-adding spectraRequirements Necessary:Must have a spectronomy range of 1.0 m to 1.63 m. Physical range of greater than 400 kmSize must be less than 2UMust make measurements in under 80 seconds

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John

Impact Design

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Average Density of plume at arrival 0.02 kg/m3

John 9-3km scan cone

Flight Systems#

StructureCustom-built aluminum framesInsulating layers for thermal containmentObserver has 0.5U modules attached to the central propulsion frameImpactor has a single frameComponents slot in individuallyProtection from 35 rads is accommodated by 0.8 mm aluminum on necessary parts#