嘉定区--2015届上海高三英语一模试卷及答案

II．Grammar and VocabularyA Running is becoming increasingly popular in cities because it is a good way of keeping fit. More importantly, it (25)________ (signal) a society's awakeni

ng against the slavery imposed by the modern way of life, complete with the Internet, mobile phones, iPads and apps which make people lazy, says Liao Baoping in (26)________ article in Xinhua News Telegraph. Not only are more people taking to running, they are (27)________ using wearable devices and using software on their cellphones to record the distance they cover and the amount of calories they burn. Besides, charting out ideal running routes in cities has become a popular topic of discussion among runners. But apart from physical fitness and stress-relief, there are other reasons why running has become so popular in China. (28)________ an activity becomes fashion, says Liao, it has to satisfy people‘s psychological needs . The commute from home to office and back, or a drive to a shopping mall, has become routine in today's "concrete jungles". Living in rooms (29)________(equip) with air conditioners, many people don't even feel the changes in the season. We are moving farther away from nature thanks to the knowledge and technologies (30)________ have been acquired and mastered so far,says Liao. According to Liao, to some extent, running is an escape from the risks and boredom of modern life. It (31)________ be seen as people's longing for a return to nature. People desperately want to get rid of the restrictions of modern life. And a pair of running shoes and perseverance are (32)________ one needs to become a runner and embrace nature. B Americans are living longer, with our average life expectancy now surpassing 78 years, up from less than 74 years in 1980.But we are not necessarily living (33) ________(healthy). The incidence of a variety of chronic diseases,(34) ________diabetes and heart disease, has also been growing dramatically, especially among people who are not yet elderly. The mix of those two developments (35) ________(lead) to what some researchers have identified as a ―lengthening of morbidity(病态)‖. (36) ________means we are spending more years living with chronic disease and ill health-not the outcome that most of us would hope for from a prolonged life span. But a notable new study published in Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that a little advance planning could change that prospect. Being or becoming fit in middle age, the study found, (37) ________ ________ you haven‘t previously bothered with exercise, appears to reshape the landscape in aging. For the study, researchers gathered medical records for 18,670 middle-aged men and women who‘d visited the Cooper Clinic for a checkup (38) ________ (begin) in 1970. (39) ________ they found was that those adults who had been the least fit at the time of their middle-age checkup also were the most likely (40) ________ (develop) any of eight serious or chronic conditions early in the ageing process. These include heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer ‘s, and colon or lung cancer. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word can only be used once．Note that there is one word more than you need． A. equivalents B. increase C. capped D. acknowledged E. regulations F. comparatively G. undeniable H. vast I. restoration J. ranked K. moderately This past National Day holiday saw upwards of half a billion Chinese citizens travelling. While some flew off to international destinations, the ___41___ majority enjoyed the many tourist sites that China has to offer. If you were one of those people who decided to explore China‘s scenic spots, you probably realized that it isn‘t just the mountain steps that are steep-the entrance fees are, too! The average cost of the highest ___42___ 5A attractions is 109 yuan. This could prove to be a little too steep for some families, who find themselves spending too large a portion of their holiday budget on admission tickets. The 32 5A locations that upped their prices in the past five years experienced an average ___43___ of over 40 percent. The bad news is that these prices are expected to continue to rise. So how does China‘s situation compare to other parts of the world? The average fees for cultural and historical sites seem to be on par with(与…同价) international ____44__ It‘s quite another story, however, when you compare natural wonders. For example, the cost of a ticket to Zhangjiajie National Forest Park(张家界国家森林公园) hovers around 245 yuan for a three-day tour. This seems ___45_ high when you consider that a week long pass to America‘s Yellowstone National Park (黄石国家公园)is a mere 74 yuan. here are ___46__ benefits to increased revenue(收益) from ticket sales, which support necessary ___47_ , maintenance and operation costs. This is especially important for sites that must keep visitor numbers down in order to protect the natural environment. However, it must also be ___48_ that many of China‘s tourist attractions are operated by private companies who are ultimately protecting their bottomline(盈亏底线). While the government has put some ___49___ in place, such as only allowing entrance fees to be raised once every three years, they have not ___50___ the upper limit of ticket prices and increases. Further measures to settle the dispute are being considered. In the meantime, some families are forced to re-think if some attractions are really worth the costs.1

III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The continuous presentation of frightening stories about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it __51__ our kids. Al Gore famously __52__ how a sea-level rise of 20 feet would almost completely flood Florida, New York, Holland, and Shanghai, even though the United Nations says that such a thing will not even happen, __53__ that sea levels will rise 20 times less than that. When __54_ with these exaggerations（夸大）, some of us say that they are for a good cause, and surely there is no harm done if the result is that we focus even more on tackling climate change. This __55__ is astonishingly wrong. Such exaggerations do plenty of harm. Worrying excessively about global warming means that we worry less about other things, where we could do so much more good. We focus, __56 __, on global warming's impact on malaria (疟疾)-which will put slightly more people at __57__ in 100 years - instead of tackling the half a billion people __58__from malaria today with prevention and treatment policies that are much cheaper and dramatically more effective than carbon reduction would be. Exaggeration also wears out the public's __59__to cope with global warming. If the planet is certain to be destroyed owing to global warming, people wonder, why do anything? A record 54% of American voters now believe the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is. A __60__ of people now believe – incorrectly – that global warming is not even caused by humans. But the __61__ cost of exaggeration, I believe, is the unnecessary alarm that it causes – particularly among children. An article in The Washington Post cited nine-year-old Alyssa, who cries about the possibility of mass animal __62__ from global warming. The newspaper also reported that parents are __63__effective outlets for their eight-year-olds' concern with dying polar bears. They might be better off educating them and letting them know that, __64__ to common belief, the global polar bear population has doubled over the past half- century, to about 22,000. __65__ the possible disappearing of summer Arctic ice, polar bears will not become extinct. 51. A. exhausts B. depresses C. terrifies D. exploits 52. A. dismissed B. demonstrated C. deposited D. described 53. A. measuring B. justifying C. estimating D. advocating 54. A. faced B. identified C. equipped D. entitled 55. A. announcement B. argument C. interaction D. dialogue 56. A. for example B. in addition C. by contrast D. in short 57. A. peace B. leisure C. ease D. risk 58. A. suffering B. evolving C. developing D. prohibiting 59. A. ability B. endurance C. willingness D. preference 60. A. mixture B. majority C. quantity D. crowd 61. A. smallest B. worst C. fewest D. least 62. A. separation B. reservation C. isolation D. extinction 63. A. turning out B. taking over C. searching for D. pulling through 64. A. sensitive B. contrary C. related D. accustomed 65. A. Despite B. Besides C. Without D. Except Section B Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read．

AAre some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of person's intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence2

developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence. 66. Which of these sentences best describes the writer‘s point in Paragraph 1? A. To some extent, intelligence is given at birth. B. Intelligence is developed by the environment. C. Some people are born clever and others born stupid. D. Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment. 67. It is suggested in this passage that_______. A. close relation usually have similar intelligence B. unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligence C. the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligence D. people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence 68. The phrase ―at random‖(Line3, para.2) means _______ . A. purposely B. intendedly C .aimlessly D. independently 69. The best title for this article would be_______. A. What Dose Intelligence Means ? B. On Intelligence C. We Are Born with Intelligence D. Environment Plays a Part in Developing Intelligence B Which tablet computer should YOU be buying: They are this year's must have... and there's a style to suit everyone?

Best for young children LeapPad Explorer 2, ?68 Aimed at children between three and nine (though a nine-year-old might find it a little simple), it comes in pink or blue and with five built-in education games (you can buy more). Besides, the LeapPad does not allow access to the internet — so it is impossible for your child to stumble across anything inappropriate. Pros: The education games are well-designed, the built-in video camera is a fun way to play at being a film director. Cons: Some of the games are shockingly expensive. And the power adaptor is not included. Best for working parents Microsoft Surface, ?399-?559 Tablets are brilliant for leisure — but what if you want to do a bit of work? No tablet can yet compete with a full-size laptop computer, but this is the only tablet that allows you to use Microsoft Word, Excel and Powerpoint (they are all pre-installed and included in the price) and you can buy a pretty lovely mini- keyboard for typing letters and emails, which also doubles up as the cover. Pros: The Surface is good for watching movies — a bonus when stuck in the airport on a business trip — and surfing the internet. Con: The keyboard is an expensive add-on — costing up to ? 109. It might be cheaper to buy a laptop (though a tablet is much smaller and lighter).

Best for teenagers iPad 4th generation, ?399-?659 The iPad is still the market leader, and for good reason. If the teenager in your house enjoys playing computer games, the latest offering from Apple is the one to choose. Pros: No other tablet can compete with the near one million ?apps‘ (the name Apple created for specially-designed downloadable programs) available for the iPad. Simple to use, even for those who usually struggle with technology. Cons: Considerably more expensive than most competitors. Best for bookworms Amazon Kindle Paperwhite, ?109 Nearly all tablets let you download books. It's a great way to take a mountainous pile of hardbacks on holiday without stuffing your suitcase. But most tablets have a shiny screen —which can be very distracting when you're trying to read. The Paperwhite is different: its matt screen and crisp black lettering imitate the look of words on paper brilliantly. And yet you can still read the words in the dark. Pros: Easy on the eye, excellent battery life, 180,000 free books (if you subscribe to the Amazon Prime customer loyalty service) plus hundreds of thousands more to buy. Cons: No TV, films, games, internet or camera.

70. The underlined phrase ?stumble across‘ most probably means ?___________‘. A. quarrel with B. meet with C. compare with D. compete with 71. Which of the following about Surface is TRUE? A. You have to pay extra to install Microsoft Word.3

B. The keyboard can serve as a cover. C. The keyboard will not add to the cost of the tablet computer. D. You cannot watch movies or surf the internet with it. 72. If you are a game lover, which tablet is least likely to be your choice? A. Amazon Kindle Paperwhite. 2. B. iPad 4th generation C. Microsoft Surface. D. LeapPad Explorer 73.If you want to add something to your prepared PPT for a presentation at a meeting, which tablet is most helpful? A. LeapPad Explorer 2. B. ipad 4th generation C. Microsoft Surface D. Amazon Kindle Paperwhite. C Conventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time. In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on children‘s bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging. Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children‘s chromosomes(染色体), called telomeres, says Idan Shalev, lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry. Telomeres are special DNA sequences which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies. Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres, including smoking, radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person. In this study, researchers examined whether exposure to violence could make childre‘s telomeres shorten faster than normal. They interviewed the mothers of 236 children at ages 5, 7 and 10, asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner; physical maltreatment by an adult; or bullying. Researchers measured the children‘s telomeres—in cells obtained by swabbing the insides of their cheeks—at ages 5 and 10. Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence, says Shalev. Unless that pattern changes, the study suggests, these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging, such as heart attacks or memory loss, seven to 10 years earlier than their peers. Shalev says there is hope for these kids. His study found that, in rare cases, telomeres can lengthen. Better nutrition, exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres, he says. He study confirms a small but growing number of studies suggesting that early childhood adversity imprints itself in our chromosomes, says Charles Nelson, a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School. 74. The new study found that ________. A. violence leaves scars on a child‘s mind B. hardship can change a child‘s aging C. violence can speed up a child‘s aging D. hardship has a long-term effect on a child‘s mind 75. According to the text, telomeres ________. A. can make a cell die quickly B. can help prevent DNA from separating C. become shorter before they die D. are at the ends of people‘s chromosomes 76. All of the following things can shorten telomeres EXCEPT ________. A. smoking B. cell division C. maltreatment D. doing exercise 77. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the text? A. Violence can cause quick cell division in children‘s body. B. Being treated badly will make a child‘s telomeres shorten faster. C. Researchers measured the children‘s telomeres from their legs in the study. D. Children who have shorter telomeres may have a heart attack earlier. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. When Danny Bowman was at school, he was so desperate to attract girls, he spent 10 hours a day taking more than 200 selfies（自拍）trying to find the perfect image. But his addiction, which began at the age of 15, caused him to drop out of school and lose almost 7 kilogrames in weig ht. He would take 10 photos of himself before he washed and would sneak out of class three times every hour. At 16, he dro pped out of school so he could focus on his addiction, and his appetite became worse. He did not leave his house in Newcastle upon Tyne for six months, and when he failed to take the flawless shot, he trie d to kill himself by taking an overdose. The 19-year-old believed to be Britains first selfie addict, has now had therapy to treat his technology addiction, OCD4

（强迫性神经官症)and Body dimorphic disorder — an excessive anxiety about personal appearance. He has not taken a picture of himself in seven months, and has realized that achieving perfection is impossible. He told t he Sunday Mirror: ―I was constantly in search of taking the perfect selfie and when I realized I couldn‘t, I wanted to die. I lost my friends, my edu cation, my health and almost my life. The only thing I cared about was having my phone with me so I could satisfy the urge to capture a picture of myself at any time of the day.‖ He would look at photos of his ―idol‖ Leonardo Di Caprio and would then copy his poses. Danny‘s dream was to become a male model. The selfie craze has grown in past five years, with stars, politicians and even Pope Francis posting getting involved in th e sensation. But one psychologist at a clinic where Danny was treated said the addiction with taking selfies has now become a mental illness. Now determined to raise awareness of the anxiety disorder, Danny is working with Fixers---a national char ity helping young people to ‖fix‖the issues that bother them. He said their help has kept him alive and called on others to se ek help before they end up in hospital (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS. ) 78. Danny spent 10 hours a day taking more than 200 selfies at school Because ______________________________________________. 79. What is the most serious symptom about Danny? ______________________________________. 80. What can be inferred from the treatment about the addiction of Danny‘s selfie? _____________________________________________. 81. ____________________________ made Danny change for the better both physically and mentally?

2015 嘉定高三英语一模 KEYS（学生试卷上评讲答案，仅供参考） Listening: Section A 1-5 BACCC 6-10 DCBCA Section B 11-13 BAB 14-16 ACB Section C 17. Hillcrest 18. 32U156 19. Dutch 20. 18th 21. made a complaint 22. her room checked 23. toilet and shower 24. a large conference II. Grammar: Section A 25. signals 26. an 27. also 28. If/When 29. equipped 30. which/that 31. can 32. what/all 33. healthier 34. like 35. has led 36. It/That 37. even if 38. beginning 39. What 40. to have developed Section B 41—45 HJBAF 46-50 GIDEC III. Reading Comprehension Section A 51-55 CDCAB 56-60 ADACB 61-65 BDCBA Section B (A) 66-69 DACB (B) 70-73 BACC (C) 74-77 CBDD Section C 78. he was so desperate to attract girls 79. When he failed to take the flawless shot, he nearly took his own life by taking an overdose. 80. He was on the way to become normal. 81. Working with Fixers 第 II 卷 I. Translation 82. The students take turn to work as volunteers at the nearby railway station. 83. He must have been aware of the importance of English, so he has a good command of English. 84. No matter how busy we are, we should spare some time for our family everyday. 85. I think that there is no point arguing about the question with those who are stubborn. 86. A clear stream came into view before we had walked far into the woods. I.