12 U.S. Code § 3401 - Definitions

(1)“financial institution”, except as provided in section
3414 of this title, means any office of a bank, savings bank, card issuer as defined in section
1602(n)[1] of title
15, industrial loan company, trust company, savings association, building and loan, or homestead association (including cooperative banks), credit union, or consumer finance institution, located in any State or territory of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or the Virgin Islands;

(2)“financial record” means an original of, a copy of, or information known to have been derived from, any record held by a financial institution pertaining to a customer’s relationship with the financial institution;

(3)“Government authority” means any agency or department of the United States, or any officer, employee, or agent thereof;

(4)“person” means an individual or a partnership of five or fewer individuals;

(5)“customer” means any person or authorized representative of that person who utilized or is utilizing any service of a financial institution, or for whom a financial institution is acting or has acted as a fiduciary, in relation to an account maintained in the person’s name;

(6)“holding company” means—

(A)any bank holding company (as defined in section
1841 of this title); and

(7)“supervisory agency” means with respect to any particular financial institution, holding company, or any subsidiary of a financial institution or holding company, any of the following which has statutory authority to examine the financial condition, business operations, or records or transactions of that institution, holding company, or subsidiary—

(A)the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation;

(B)the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection;

(C)the National Credit Union Administration;

(D)the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System;

(E)the Comptroller of the Currency;

(F)the Securities and Exchange Commission;

(G)the Commodity Futures Trading Commission;

(H)the Secretary of the Treasury, with respect to the Bank Secrecy Act (Public Law 91–508, title I) [12 U.S.C. 1951 et seq.] and subchapter
II of chapter
53 of title
31; or

(I)any State banking or securities department or agency; and

(8)“law enforcement inquiry” means a lawful investigation or official proceeding inquiring into a violation of, or failure to comply with, any criminal or civil statute or any regulation, rule, or order issued pursuant thereto.

The Bank Secrecy Act, referred to in par. (7)(H), is title I of Pub. L. 91–508, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1114, which is classified principally to chapter 21 (§ 1951 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section
1951 of this title and Tables.

2010—Par. (6). Pub. L. 111–203, § 1099(1)(A), inserted “and” at end of subpar. (A), struck out “and” at end of subpar. (B), and struck out subpar. (C) which read as follows: “any savings and loan holding company (as defined in the Home Owners’ Loan Act);”.

Par. (7). Pub. L. 101–73, § 941(1), (2), redesignated former par. (6) as (7) and substituted new introductory provisions for former introductory provisions which read as follows: “ ‘supervisory agency’ means, with respect to any particular financial institution any of the following which has statutory authority to examine the financial condition or business operations of that institution—”. Former par. (7) redesignated (8).