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Ohio Jewish chronicle. (Columbus, Ohio), 1923-03-29

Ohio Jewish Chronicle. (Columbus, Ohio), 1923-03-29, page 01

Central Ohio's On/jj
Jewish NeW3pap€r Reaching Every Home
Devoted to JimnTiiMn
and
Jemish Ideah
A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER FOR THE JEWISH HOME
Volume V — No. 6.
COLUMBUS, OIIKX MARCH 29, 1923
Per Year $3.00; Per Copy loc
JEWISH SOLIDAEITY CALLED BY-PRODUCT 'OF WOEKjOF J, D. C.
E&tranercd Elements in Poland
arc United in Sanitary
Campaign
ALL ELEMENTS JOINED
IN HEALTH MOVEMENT
PROFESSOR EINSTEIN
DISCOVERS NEW THEORY
NEW YORK. —The need to mobilize all Jewish forces in Poland to facili¬ tate the efforts of the Joint Distribu¬ tion Committee's medical unit to, com¬ bat plagues and epidemics, and teach the population sanitation and hygiene has resulted in a reconciliation be- . tween the older and younger genera¬ tion, the assimilationists, orthodox, 'na¬ tionalists and radicals, as well as a sense of solidarity hetween the Jews of Warsaw and those of the annexed territory. How this solidarity vi^as^ ef¬ fected on the platform of public health is told by Samuel Schmidt, who has been in charge of the Joint Distribution Committee's health work in Poland for two years and ha's just returned to this ¦country.
It was quite obvious >to the Jews of Poland, says.Mr. Schmidt, even before the arrival of the Jpint Distribution Committee's medical, unit, that it would be necessary not merely to re¬ build the public bath houses wrecked during the war, to repair the hospitals and reopen the dispensaries and clinics, but also to develop among the people themselves a higher standard of hy¬ giene and sanitation as a means for im¬ proving health conditions. It was rec¬ ognized that such an undertaking was beyond the capacity of the limited per¬ sonnel of the medical unit,'and that the committees, as such, would have to be organized for this purpose. Such or¬ ganization would have to extend to even the smallest committees for campaigns of education among the population.
Nucleus for Orsantzation
The nucleus for this organization were the "Bikur Cholim," tlie "Linath Hazedek" and other local societies for the relief of the sick. But, even in ' pre-war' days these organizations knew very little, if anything,'of hygiene and -~ sailltafioiW.—. a"lioj--raiseA.'JQu3ids .J'ai-.-iW" nishing physicians and medicines to the sick poor of the communities, out¬ lets for the philanthropic urge of the people. In the general debacle due to the war they had ceased to function. The first task was to recognize these societies to include young people willing to co-operate and to equip them with knowledge and materials for a campaiga of sanitation and hygiene.
Together vvith the older Jew of the one-time "Linath Hazedek" the mem¬ bership was extended to include the younger pedagogue, the educated ar¬ tisan, the daughters of middle-class families. Courses in practical nurs¬ ing were instituted and committees were selected to direct the' campaigns for public health. These committees, among other duties, were made rer sponsible for the money which the com¬ mittees were expected to contribute toward re-building hospitals, etc. In short, the communities themselves under¬ took the task of creating higher sani¬ tary standards and improving health conditions.
J. D.' C. Supplies Means
Tlie Joint Distribution Committee , supplies these committees not merely with propaganda literature, disinfectants and such, but also with the money that it had' allocated for the construction of the necessary institutions, conditioned on the community raising its share of the cost. This condition was always fulfilled.
Tlic local organizations were then federated according to districts, with • a central commitee, at conferences called for the purpose. These conferences developed plans for all of the towns represented, distributed the money that was allocated by the Joint Distribution Comitlittee, and deternuned the sum each town must raise, and gave the central organization, the necessary au¬ thority for effecting • the program. Seven, districts were thus organized ¦ covering all of Poland, and the central committees were made responsible to the Joint Distribution Committee.
'T.O. Z.",Organisation
However, these physicians-had an organization' of their own, known as "T. 0. Z." from the Polish initials of its title, "Society for the Preveiition of Health Among Jews." The leaders of this organization were aware of this health' propaganda among the Jews, but withheld their co-operation, says, Mr. Schmidt, who on several occasions, he adds^ sought to interest them. But they were loath to participate because the language of the campaign was Yiddish, The leading authority on favus, for in¬ stance; refused to help' in the fight against this hideous ailment because the iCoHCludid OH page S.)
BERLIN, (J. T. A.).-A new dis¬ covery concerning the connection be¬ tween the earth's power of attraction and terrestrial magnetism which, it is said, will cause a more profound sensa¬ tion even than his theory of relativity has been announced by Professor Ein¬ stein,
The first news of tilie discovery was made by Einstein upon his arrival at Kantara, Egypt, after his recent trip to Palestine. Details of the new theory have not been revealed as yet.
Prof. Einstein, .according to dis¬ patches received here declared that his mental ¦processes were greatly stimulated by a long sea voyage.
"Between tbe roaring ocean and the endless canopy of heaven, the flight of thoughts is indeed wonderful," he said. "Far from the noise of cities, and above all, undistud)cd by the horrible tele¬ phone, I could attain a concentration of thought which I otherwise could not have achieved."
Dr. Lee K. Frankel
.en
Says "Israel in Europe Had Been
Saved by Munificence of
American Jews"
"LOANS RATHER THAN GIFTS NEEDED IN EUROPE"
On Friday, March 23rd, in the Lazarus Tea Room, a group of repre¬ sentative Jews from Columbus tendered a luncheon to Dr. Lee' K. Frankel, the Vice-President of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. There had been, the night before, a large dinner given for the./workers and managers of the Metropolitan Life Insuran'ce Com¬ pany of this district, at which dinner Dr. Frankel spoke of the work of the Met¬ ropolitan. Mr. Henry Rosenfeld, the director of the Jewish War Relief Fund of this country, had written to Mr. Ed¬ ward Goodman, the chairman of last year's drive, asking hitn to have Mr. Frankel tell of his experience in his Tcc'ent tour of- Europe for the Joint Dis-' tnHiutiorrComniittee';"""' -"•'¦•'.;'¦ -•• '-
Introduces Frankel
After the luncheon, Mr. Goodman, in a few remarkably appropriate words, introduced Dr. Frankel. Dr. Frankel, remaining seated, discussed the Jewish European situation with unusual clarity and vision. He told of his appointment as chairman of a committee to visit European Jewries and to see exactly what good had been accomplished by the millions of dollars that had been sent out from the United States to he'p the Jewish war sufferers. He visited Eng¬ land, with the committee and discovered that, in spite of the fact that English Jews are fairly prosperous, very little had been given to their needy brethren, but when the matter had been presented to them in the same light as it had been presented to American Jews, a number of prominent English Jews came for¬ ward with very large sums. He de clared that when Dr. Boris D. Bogen had visited eastern Europe a coup'e of years ago. Dr. Bogen had discovered and described for Anierican Jews the horrible conditions under whi:h Israel was living. At tljat time, we all re¬ member that they were faced with star¬ vation, with destruction, with persecu¬ tion and expulsion. Dr. Frankel said that in his visit he found that this con¬ dition no longer existed, that in 1922 the immediate need for food and for clothing, and such other imperative ne¬ cessities of life, was no longer in evi¬ dence. As he said, "Israel in Europe had been saved by the munificence of the American Jew." In fact. Dr. Frankel said when he was speaking to some of the representative leaders of the Jews in Poland and in Russia, they told him that they did not want America to 'send them any more huge sums of money because they were afraid now that the European Jew would become pauperized.
Small Amount of Money Still Needed
This did not mean, according to Dr. Frankel, that, the Jew was in first class condition in Europe. He still' needs the wherewithal to establish himself. There is yet needed a stnall amount of money for reconstruction work, so that the Jew, now free froin the pressure of immediate necessity, can get back to the old trades and occupations, in order that he might 4nake a livelihood for himself and his family. Dr. Frankel described the keenest problem just npw as being that of the refugees who had been driven from place to place, and are now trying to get back to their old homes He said that the condition of these refugees is far from what' it should be, and that it will take some time be¬ fore, they find themselves firmly settled. The children, he declared, looked very (Concluded on^ page B.y
The Feast of Redemption or the Feast of Unleavened Bread as the Passover holiday is sometimes called, will be observed by the Jewish people this year beginning on Sunday, April 1, for a period of seven or eiglit days, depending on the degree of ceremonial¬ ism followed by each individual.
In .common with every Jewish festi¬ val and holiday, Passover begins on the evening of the previous day, Satur¬ day, March 31. The eve of Passover has unusual significance aniong the Jews, and is known as "Seder" night, the word meaning order or arrange¬ ment. About the family table on this eve of Passover, the entire household is gatliered — there being a chair left unoccupied for Elijah, patron of the stranger and his protector. • A special ritual has been compiled for the eve¬ ning ceremonials and symbols, called the "Haggadah," (narrative). In tliis volume, venerable and highly prized, there are narratives of the exodus from Egypt and many quaint quips and fan¬ tasies of the rabbis, as well as many ancient songs.
The purpose of the Seder evening ceremonial is to awaken in the soul of old and young a love of liberty and a conscious pride in the efforts t^ut forth by their forefathers and all val¬ iant champions of freedom, whether these chivalrous advocates lived in an¬ cient times or are counted among the heroes of our own generation. The ritual of tlie Seder stresses the convic¬ tion that each one of Israel's house¬ hold is to regard himself as if he'him¬ self came forth from Egyptian bondage.
Primarily a home festival the Seder has obtained increasing popularity; in this country and additional efforts arc being made to permit all Giildrcn' of the Covenant to participate thifrein.' Many Jewish congregations and or¬ ganizations are planning to celebrate Seder in their own institutions. Many
new editions of the Haggadah are be- hs brought out also. I I'assovcr was originally an agricul¬ tural furist, being the springtide feast, also the period when the thresholds in very remote antiquity were consecrated. At a later period it became identified ^itli the historical events in the early Vtar'-'cr of tbe Hebrews and their so- |oUni in the land of Egyiit. The as- ^ociatiion • of the primitive agricultural Htcs vvith a historical crisis invested Pawover with a new and highly sig¬ nificant message. It became the Festi¬ val of Redemption, the Feast of Liberty Whose message is an appeal to all hu¬ manity to seek freedom and establish it.
' Falling in the springtime, the addi- Voiial scriptural reading enjoined is taken from the Song of Songs wherein pic reader is reminded that among other joyous events, the winter is over and ^itonc and now the song of the turtle- stbve is again heard in the land. The fj.ook and its message are symbolically jiitcrpretcd as a reminder of the joy Socordcd man by his deliverance from the yoke of thraldom. (¦'.'This confidence in the ultimate vic- .^9fy of righteousness and the eventual Iriiimph of liberty has sustained the Jewish people throughout the ages. T^lie memory of their own redemption in ihc dawn of time reminds the modern Tews that they must be zealous for iberty and faithful watchmen of the *rceious heritages of human rights and listice.
So firmly is the symbolism of the teast of Passover intrendhed that dur- itg the week every Jewish family ab¬ stains from eating leavened bread, and ises instead the Matzoth — thin, flat or lisk-shaped wafers — a reminder of the ?rcad eaten by their remote ancestors n their, hasty departure from Egypt. File Matzoth. are symlrolic of the festi- raLnote of rejoicing over their deliver- ince from -bondage. Reform and Or- ^thotlox Jews' alike partake of it.
SR. POSTS IN PALES¬ TINE HELD BY JEWS
' LONDON, (J. T. A.). —Of the 35 senior posts in the Palestine a<lministra- tion, only tihrce, including that of the High Commissioner, are held by Jews. This was the statement of Ormsby Gore in tbe House of Commons.
The two besides Sir Herbert Samuel are Norman Bentwich, Legal Secretary and Colonel Harold Solomon, director of the Department of Trade and Indus¬ try. The other 33 major posts are filled by non-Jews, Gore said.
Replying to a question put by one of the members as to the source of the legal authority by which Britain ad¬ ministers Palestine, Gore replied that the authority of the British government primarily was derived from the mili¬ tary occupation of tlie' land by the British. This authority was Liter con¬ firmed by the request of the League of Nations that Britain accept a mandate for its administration.
Board of Governors of Hermine Schonthal
onseMeet
Miss Rose Sugarman, Exec. Di>
rector and Sec'y., Submits
Report of Activities
CONSTRUCTIVE WORK IN COMMUNITY HOUSE SHOWN
Jew in French Literature
By ANDRE SPIRE
- Last Thursday evening the Board of Directors of the Hermine Schonthal Community House met to hear the re¬ ports of the past season. Mr. Jos'eph Schonthal, President of the Board, presided. The 'financial report for the year from January 1, 1922, to January 1, 1923, was read and approved. The following report of activities for the months of October, November, De¬ cember, 1922, and January, February, and March, 1923, was read by Miss Rose Sugarman, Executive Director-and Sec¬ retary and was heartily .approved by the Board of Governors.
,¦ Americanization
, This season our classes are held three nights a week w'ith a competent teacher, ¦Miss.. Anna' ,Ziskin, "fwrnislied-by-'tiie- Board of Education. We have estab¬ lished four home classes, whicii meet twice a week at ona of the homes with
JEWISH SPIEIT RE^AWAKENED BY LAST CONVENTION
Executives of the Union of Amer¬ ican Hebrew Congregations Hold Meeting
N. Y. C. $IOO,OpO GliFT TO HEBREW UNION COLLEGE
The author of this article is a French Jew who has achieved a nniqtic place in French poetry; — Editor's Note.
The winter months constitute in France the season of the great literary prizes, which" to the Frenchman of let¬ ters mean no less than the Grand Prix ill the racing world. But whereas the Grand Prix marks the close of the race¬ course season, the award of the literary prizes denotes the opening of the liter¬ ary and social season in Paris. Imme¬ diately after returning from their sum¬ mer vacation, the literary judges and umpires grow busy with matters about the award of the prizes, and the excite¬ ment runs high.
Who will get the Laserre Prize, which is awarded annually Ijy the Academic Francaise for the best set of collected works by a well-known author? Who will get the Goncourt Prize and the Bal¬ zac Prize, whicii are generally awarded for the best novels of the year? And who will get the Femina Prize, given by a jury of women for an important vi?ork of literature, preferably a -work of imagination? The jury comprises some of' the most brilliant members o'f the feminist world and of high Society, the leading women writers in France, such as the Countess Hathieu de Noailles, Mary Duclaux (the wife of Mr. James Darmesteter), known to English read¬ ers as Mary Rohinson.
The prizes were originally intended by their founders to help young strug¬ gling writers and the older liieri of let¬ ters who preferred hard patient Vo'^1' 'o a big circulation.' But as a result of the enormous rise of prices whi^h has absurdly reduced the pecuniary value of the awards and because of the .sporting spirit which has taken hold of ¦ French literary circles, the awards have become now a sign of merit and a theme for propaganda in the salons, They make no better the lot of the poverty- stricken writers who are just as badly off now as they were in the days when, according to Juvenal, jioets were at times reduced to earning their livelihood by turning bath-keeper in Gabies or having a baker's stall in Rome. They have, however, served as a powerful stimulus for literary production.
Three hundred novels were submitted for, the Balzac Prize, which was founded by an army contractor, per¬ suaded by a librarian to make this beau geste. Two were awarded the prize. One is "Job the Fatal" ("Job le Pre¬
destine"), by Emile Baumann, a Catho¬ lic professor who was led by his Cathol¬ icism to love the Bible, and in his previ¬ ous book, "The Peace of the Seventh Day", took a decidedly pro-Zionist view on the Jewish question. The other is "Siegfried et le Limousin" by Jean Gi- randoux, the most sceptical, the most refined, and the most cultured of all the young French literary men. He is not altogether unknown to readers in Eng¬ land and America, for his "Campaign and. Intervals" has been translated by Miss Elizabeth S. Sargcant. His pres¬ ent novel is full of a gentle, fantastic shrewdness and tenderness which we usually associated with that sad smile which is found hovering about certain pages of Heine's "Reisebilder" or is- heard in the Allegretto of Beethoven's Eighth Symphony. Girandoux describes France and Germany after the war, the Frenchman and German of today. But here and there he amuses hims'elf by showing the gulf separating the Jew, and above all the Russian Jew, the critic, the revolutionary, the idealist, the man of passion, from the German who is above all a scientific calculating machine. The same abyss separates Fraulein Eva von Schwanhofer, a German mistress, from Lillie David, an exquisite, refined Jewish girl, a being "to whom death was the least punishment and bliss the first reward".
Coming to the Femina Prize, we find this awarded for a book entirely devoted to the Jewish question. It is a novel by Mr. Jacques Lacretelle, a young writer with a warm, sober style, his heart full of pity for human suffering and short¬ comings. The novel is entitled "Silber- mann",
"Silbermalin" is the story of two school chiims. One is a Jew, the other a Protestant. The Jew, Silbermann, is the most intelligent and most successful student in the class. He is persecuted by a group of young reactionaries an4 royalists who are scheming to make him the victim of a minor Dreyfus af¬ fair. The Protestant takes his part, pro¬ tects him and shares 'his blows. Finally he is subjected to what' is regarded by French students as the worst of punish¬ ments-^ he-is sent to Coventry. His fellow-students look at him as if they do not see him, no one speaks to him, everybody tries to evade him as if he had the plague. This goes on for a long time and Silbermann, who is de¬ voted to his studies and is anxious to (Continued on page 6)
Miss Rose Sugarman.
six mothers in each class. In addition we are now planning private lessons in the homes of immigrant mothers who for various reasons are not able to leave their homes to attend classes. In this work, we are co-operating with the Immigrant Aid Committee of the Coun¬ cil of Jewish Women, the Americaniza¬ tion Committee of the Council of Jewish Women and the Board of Education.
Kindergarten
Our Kindergarten meets every morn¬ ing from 8:30 to 11. Mrs. Mabel Bre¬ voort and Miss Ethel Geisler are doing remarlable work in this department. Thanks to the kindness of our good friends, we have given the children sev¬ eral parties on holiday occasions. Chil¬ dren from Oak St. Nursery and Hannah •Neil Mission are also attending these classes.
Sunday School
We have an average attendance oif 140 children. We are not enrolling children since the beginning of the year due to the fact that they lose too much work and cannot make it up. Otir staff consists of a'principal. Miss Edith Skil kin and eight teachers, who deserve,spe cial mention for their good work. All of the teachers attended the Sunday School Convention at Toledo and came back inspired to work harder than eyer.
Music Department
,. Miss Nora Wilson is Chairman of this Department, which is under the au¬ spices of the Woman's Music Club of (Concluded on page 9.y
(Special to Jkwisii Chronicle.) NEW YORK. —That the Golden Jubilee Convention, recently held by the Union of American 'Hebrew Congrega¬ tions in New York, has re-awakened the Jewish spirit throughout the land was emphasized at a meeting of the New York Convention Committee in Temple Emanu El at which reports were ten¬ dered by Daniel P. Hays, chairman of tbe New York Executive Committee of the Union, Adolph S. Ochs, chairman of the Convention Commhtce, Ben Alt¬ heimcr, president of Temple Beth El, Mrs. Sallic Kubie Glauber, chairman of the New ^York State Federation of Temple Sisterhoods, and Roger W. Straus, president of the newly formed National Federation of Temple Brothe^-^ hoods. A group of leading New York Jews, headed by Mr. Ochs, will shortly undertake to crystallize the spirit en¬ gendered by the convention, by a re¬ vival in this city, it was announced.
Temple Brotherhoods
Among the outstanding achievements of the convention was the organization of the National Federation of Temple Brotherhoods. Roger W. Straus, re¬ porting for this organization, said that the Brotherhood proposed to "enlist the support of'the men of American Jewry in the cause of Judaism," and that fifty- one congregational men's clubs were en¬ rolled-in charter membership, and that applications, for membership were al¬ ready coming iri from temple men's clubs in all parts of the country. The National Federation of Temple Brother¬ hoods will take a leading part in the movement which is expected to re¬ kindle and strengthen the love of Judaism in the hearts of the Jewish youth.
$100,001) for H. U. C. Mr. Adolph S. Ochs announced that .JSIca'.Yp,i::^Jciia3C..isras.;piaiioins:-ta,aiakfcw,-..j,. a gift of $100,000, to the Hebrew Union College, and that $68,000, had already heen raised, above the convention ex¬ penses, toward this gift. In his ad¬ dress Mr. Ochs declared that prejudice against the Jew was directed, not against the religious Jew, but against the Jew who was a "so-called foreigner" to this country, and had not attuned himself to the spirit of its institutions. The spirit of the Jew, he declared,, could never be crushed,' and that not even con¬ version to another religion could alter that Jewish spirit.
Mrs. Sallie Kubie Glauber, iri her report on the meeting of the National Federation of Temple Sisterhoods, said that the' five hundred delegates iiao "returned to their homes with new con¬ ceptions and ideals,' and a deep sense of loyalty to that religion for which it is a privilege to labor and to endure." The Sisterhoods, as a result of the conven¬ tion are establishing training classes for religious school teachers, and parent- teacher associations, to extend co-opera¬ tion between the hbme and religious school. State and district Federations have undertaken to make censuses of rural districts, in order to spread re¬ ligious propaganda through these dis¬ tricts. In addition to the dormitory campaign which raised $253,000 for the new building at Hebrew Union College, the Sisterhoods raised $10,920 in schol¬ arships.
Ben Altheimcr, president of Temple Beth El, announced that on May 10th, Dr. Kaufman Kohler, Dean of Ameri¬ can Feform Rabbis, will observe his eightieth birthday, and in recognition of this event. Temple Beth El, co-operating with the Union, will institute Kaufman Kohler Sabbath throughout the country, on which day rabbis will preach sermons on the Hfe of Rabbi Kohler.
Mr. Ludwig 'Vogelstein, on behalf of the committee, presented to David M. Bressler, chairman of the executive cominittee of the Union, a silver service set, in recognition of his efforts for the convention.
Mr. Daniel P. Hays stated the ac¬ complishments of the conyention and replied to those who had criticized it, when he said: , "We have had some criticism as to the proceedings in that convention by some who ¦ have har^bjy and unfairly criticized what, they thought ought to have been done. Tliere are some who have uttered harsh words against us because wc did not adopt a resolution of aid in tbe rehabilitation of Palestine. But the members of the convention were animated by the feel¬ ing that this was a call to revive the religious enthusiasm of Hie Jew, and their purpose to keep the conventioii at that point throughout all its proceedings. (Continued ott page 6)
:a
ii^^'t««inti>din4r r.ZijMk
Vi

Central Ohio's On/jj
Jewish NeW3pap€r Reaching Every Home
Devoted to JimnTiiMn
and
Jemish Ideah
A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER FOR THE JEWISH HOME
Volume V — No. 6.
COLUMBUS, OIIKX MARCH 29, 1923
Per Year $3.00; Per Copy loc
JEWISH SOLIDAEITY CALLED BY-PRODUCT 'OF WOEKjOF J, D. C.
E&tranercd Elements in Poland
arc United in Sanitary
Campaign
ALL ELEMENTS JOINED
IN HEALTH MOVEMENT
PROFESSOR EINSTEIN
DISCOVERS NEW THEORY
NEW YORK. —The need to mobilize all Jewish forces in Poland to facili¬ tate the efforts of the Joint Distribu¬ tion Committee's medical unit to, com¬ bat plagues and epidemics, and teach the population sanitation and hygiene has resulted in a reconciliation be- . tween the older and younger genera¬ tion, the assimilationists, orthodox, 'na¬ tionalists and radicals, as well as a sense of solidarity hetween the Jews of Warsaw and those of the annexed territory. How this solidarity vi^as^ ef¬ fected on the platform of public health is told by Samuel Schmidt, who has been in charge of the Joint Distribution Committee's health work in Poland for two years and ha's just returned to this ¦country.
It was quite obvious >to the Jews of Poland, says.Mr. Schmidt, even before the arrival of the Jpint Distribution Committee's medical, unit, that it would be necessary not merely to re¬ build the public bath houses wrecked during the war, to repair the hospitals and reopen the dispensaries and clinics, but also to develop among the people themselves a higher standard of hy¬ giene and sanitation as a means for im¬ proving health conditions. It was rec¬ ognized that such an undertaking was beyond the capacity of the limited per¬ sonnel of the medical unit,'and that the committees, as such, would have to be organized for this purpose. Such or¬ ganization would have to extend to even the smallest committees for campaigns of education among the population.
Nucleus for Orsantzation
The nucleus for this organization were the "Bikur Cholim," tlie "Linath Hazedek" and other local societies for the relief of the sick. But, even in ' pre-war' days these organizations knew very little, if anything,'of hygiene and -~ sailltafioiW.—. a"lioj--raiseA.'JQu3ids .J'ai-.-iW" nishing physicians and medicines to the sick poor of the communities, out¬ lets for the philanthropic urge of the people. In the general debacle due to the war they had ceased to function. The first task was to recognize these societies to include young people willing to co-operate and to equip them with knowledge and materials for a campaiga of sanitation and hygiene.
Together vvith the older Jew of the one-time "Linath Hazedek" the mem¬ bership was extended to include the younger pedagogue, the educated ar¬ tisan, the daughters of middle-class families. Courses in practical nurs¬ ing were instituted and committees were selected to direct the' campaigns for public health. These committees, among other duties, were made rer sponsible for the money which the com¬ mittees were expected to contribute toward re-building hospitals, etc. In short, the communities themselves under¬ took the task of creating higher sani¬ tary standards and improving health conditions.
J. D.' C. Supplies Means
Tlie Joint Distribution Committee , supplies these committees not merely with propaganda literature, disinfectants and such, but also with the money that it had' allocated for the construction of the necessary institutions, conditioned on the community raising its share of the cost. This condition was always fulfilled.
Tlic local organizations were then federated according to districts, with • a central commitee, at conferences called for the purpose. These conferences developed plans for all of the towns represented, distributed the money that was allocated by the Joint Distribution Comitlittee, and deternuned the sum each town must raise, and gave the central organization, the necessary au¬ thority for effecting • the program. Seven, districts were thus organized ¦ covering all of Poland, and the central committees were made responsible to the Joint Distribution Committee.
'T.O. Z.",Organisation
However, these physicians-had an organization' of their own, known as "T. 0. Z." from the Polish initials of its title, "Society for the Preveiition of Health Among Jews." The leaders of this organization were aware of this health' propaganda among the Jews, but withheld their co-operation, says, Mr. Schmidt, who on several occasions, he adds^ sought to interest them. But they were loath to participate because the language of the campaign was Yiddish, The leading authority on favus, for in¬ stance; refused to help' in the fight against this hideous ailment because the iCoHCludid OH page S.)
BERLIN, (J. T. A.).-A new dis¬ covery concerning the connection be¬ tween the earth's power of attraction and terrestrial magnetism which, it is said, will cause a more profound sensa¬ tion even than his theory of relativity has been announced by Professor Ein¬ stein,
The first news of tilie discovery was made by Einstein upon his arrival at Kantara, Egypt, after his recent trip to Palestine. Details of the new theory have not been revealed as yet.
Prof. Einstein, .according to dis¬ patches received here declared that his mental ¦processes were greatly stimulated by a long sea voyage.
"Between tbe roaring ocean and the endless canopy of heaven, the flight of thoughts is indeed wonderful," he said. "Far from the noise of cities, and above all, undistud)cd by the horrible tele¬ phone, I could attain a concentration of thought which I otherwise could not have achieved."
Dr. Lee K. Frankel
.en
Says "Israel in Europe Had Been
Saved by Munificence of
American Jews"
"LOANS RATHER THAN GIFTS NEEDED IN EUROPE"
On Friday, March 23rd, in the Lazarus Tea Room, a group of repre¬ sentative Jews from Columbus tendered a luncheon to Dr. Lee' K. Frankel, the Vice-President of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. There had been, the night before, a large dinner given for the./workers and managers of the Metropolitan Life Insuran'ce Com¬ pany of this district, at which dinner Dr. Frankel spoke of the work of the Met¬ ropolitan. Mr. Henry Rosenfeld, the director of the Jewish War Relief Fund of this country, had written to Mr. Ed¬ ward Goodman, the chairman of last year's drive, asking hitn to have Mr. Frankel tell of his experience in his Tcc'ent tour of- Europe for the Joint Dis-' tnHiutiorrComniittee';"""' -"•'¦•'.;'¦ -•• '-
Introduces Frankel
After the luncheon, Mr. Goodman, in a few remarkably appropriate words, introduced Dr. Frankel. Dr. Frankel, remaining seated, discussed the Jewish European situation with unusual clarity and vision. He told of his appointment as chairman of a committee to visit European Jewries and to see exactly what good had been accomplished by the millions of dollars that had been sent out from the United States to he'p the Jewish war sufferers. He visited Eng¬ land, with the committee and discovered that, in spite of the fact that English Jews are fairly prosperous, very little had been given to their needy brethren, but when the matter had been presented to them in the same light as it had been presented to American Jews, a number of prominent English Jews came for¬ ward with very large sums. He de clared that when Dr. Boris D. Bogen had visited eastern Europe a coup'e of years ago. Dr. Bogen had discovered and described for Anierican Jews the horrible conditions under whi:h Israel was living. At tljat time, we all re¬ member that they were faced with star¬ vation, with destruction, with persecu¬ tion and expulsion. Dr. Frankel said that in his visit he found that this con¬ dition no longer existed, that in 1922 the immediate need for food and for clothing, and such other imperative ne¬ cessities of life, was no longer in evi¬ dence. As he said, "Israel in Europe had been saved by the munificence of the American Jew." In fact. Dr. Frankel said when he was speaking to some of the representative leaders of the Jews in Poland and in Russia, they told him that they did not want America to 'send them any more huge sums of money because they were afraid now that the European Jew would become pauperized.
Small Amount of Money Still Needed
This did not mean, according to Dr. Frankel, that, the Jew was in first class condition in Europe. He still' needs the wherewithal to establish himself. There is yet needed a stnall amount of money for reconstruction work, so that the Jew, now free froin the pressure of immediate necessity, can get back to the old trades and occupations, in order that he might 4nake a livelihood for himself and his family. Dr. Frankel described the keenest problem just npw as being that of the refugees who had been driven from place to place, and are now trying to get back to their old homes He said that the condition of these refugees is far from what' it should be, and that it will take some time be¬ fore, they find themselves firmly settled. The children, he declared, looked very (Concluded on^ page B.y
The Feast of Redemption or the Feast of Unleavened Bread as the Passover holiday is sometimes called, will be observed by the Jewish people this year beginning on Sunday, April 1, for a period of seven or eiglit days, depending on the degree of ceremonial¬ ism followed by each individual.
In .common with every Jewish festi¬ val and holiday, Passover begins on the evening of the previous day, Satur¬ day, March 31. The eve of Passover has unusual significance aniong the Jews, and is known as "Seder" night, the word meaning order or arrange¬ ment. About the family table on this eve of Passover, the entire household is gatliered — there being a chair left unoccupied for Elijah, patron of the stranger and his protector. • A special ritual has been compiled for the eve¬ ning ceremonials and symbols, called the "Haggadah," (narrative). In tliis volume, venerable and highly prized, there are narratives of the exodus from Egypt and many quaint quips and fan¬ tasies of the rabbis, as well as many ancient songs.
The purpose of the Seder evening ceremonial is to awaken in the soul of old and young a love of liberty and a conscious pride in the efforts t^ut forth by their forefathers and all val¬ iant champions of freedom, whether these chivalrous advocates lived in an¬ cient times or are counted among the heroes of our own generation. The ritual of tlie Seder stresses the convic¬ tion that each one of Israel's house¬ hold is to regard himself as if he'him¬ self came forth from Egyptian bondage.
Primarily a home festival the Seder has obtained increasing popularity; in this country and additional efforts arc being made to permit all Giildrcn' of the Covenant to participate thifrein.' Many Jewish congregations and or¬ ganizations are planning to celebrate Seder in their own institutions. Many
new editions of the Haggadah are be- hs brought out also. I I'assovcr was originally an agricul¬ tural furist, being the springtide feast, also the period when the thresholds in very remote antiquity were consecrated. At a later period it became identified ^itli the historical events in the early Vtar'-'cr of tbe Hebrews and their so- |oUni in the land of Egyiit. The as- ^ociatiion • of the primitive agricultural Htcs vvith a historical crisis invested Pawover with a new and highly sig¬ nificant message. It became the Festi¬ val of Redemption, the Feast of Liberty Whose message is an appeal to all hu¬ manity to seek freedom and establish it.
' Falling in the springtime, the addi- Voiial scriptural reading enjoined is taken from the Song of Songs wherein pic reader is reminded that among other joyous events, the winter is over and ^itonc and now the song of the turtle- stbve is again heard in the land. The fj.ook and its message are symbolically jiitcrpretcd as a reminder of the joy Socordcd man by his deliverance from the yoke of thraldom. (¦'.'This confidence in the ultimate vic- .^9fy of righteousness and the eventual Iriiimph of liberty has sustained the Jewish people throughout the ages. T^lie memory of their own redemption in ihc dawn of time reminds the modern Tews that they must be zealous for iberty and faithful watchmen of the *rceious heritages of human rights and listice.
So firmly is the symbolism of the teast of Passover intrendhed that dur- itg the week every Jewish family ab¬ stains from eating leavened bread, and ises instead the Matzoth — thin, flat or lisk-shaped wafers — a reminder of the ?rcad eaten by their remote ancestors n their, hasty departure from Egypt. File Matzoth. are symlrolic of the festi- raLnote of rejoicing over their deliver- ince from -bondage. Reform and Or- ^thotlox Jews' alike partake of it.
SR. POSTS IN PALES¬ TINE HELD BY JEWS
' LONDON, (J. T. A.). —Of the 35 senior posts in the Palestine a
rector and Sec'y., Submits
Report of Activities
CONSTRUCTIVE WORK IN COMMUNITY HOUSE SHOWN
Jew in French Literature
By ANDRE SPIRE
- Last Thursday evening the Board of Directors of the Hermine Schonthal Community House met to hear the re¬ ports of the past season. Mr. Jos'eph Schonthal, President of the Board, presided. The 'financial report for the year from January 1, 1922, to January 1, 1923, was read and approved. The following report of activities for the months of October, November, De¬ cember, 1922, and January, February, and March, 1923, was read by Miss Rose Sugarman, Executive Director-and Sec¬ retary and was heartily .approved by the Board of Governors.
,¦ Americanization
, This season our classes are held three nights a week w'ith a competent teacher, ¦Miss.. Anna' ,Ziskin, "fwrnislied-by-'tiie- Board of Education. We have estab¬ lished four home classes, whicii meet twice a week at ona of the homes with
JEWISH SPIEIT RE^AWAKENED BY LAST CONVENTION
Executives of the Union of Amer¬ ican Hebrew Congregations Hold Meeting
N. Y. C. $IOO,OpO GliFT TO HEBREW UNION COLLEGE
The author of this article is a French Jew who has achieved a nniqtic place in French poetry; — Editor's Note.
The winter months constitute in France the season of the great literary prizes, which" to the Frenchman of let¬ ters mean no less than the Grand Prix ill the racing world. But whereas the Grand Prix marks the close of the race¬ course season, the award of the literary prizes denotes the opening of the liter¬ ary and social season in Paris. Imme¬ diately after returning from their sum¬ mer vacation, the literary judges and umpires grow busy with matters about the award of the prizes, and the excite¬ ment runs high.
Who will get the Laserre Prize, which is awarded annually Ijy the Academic Francaise for the best set of collected works by a well-known author? Who will get the Goncourt Prize and the Bal¬ zac Prize, whicii are generally awarded for the best novels of the year? And who will get the Femina Prize, given by a jury of women for an important vi?ork of literature, preferably a -work of imagination? The jury comprises some of' the most brilliant members o'f the feminist world and of high Society, the leading women writers in France, such as the Countess Hathieu de Noailles, Mary Duclaux (the wife of Mr. James Darmesteter), known to English read¬ ers as Mary Rohinson.
The prizes were originally intended by their founders to help young strug¬ gling writers and the older liieri of let¬ ters who preferred hard patient Vo'^1' 'o a big circulation.' But as a result of the enormous rise of prices whi^h has absurdly reduced the pecuniary value of the awards and because of the .sporting spirit which has taken hold of ¦ French literary circles, the awards have become now a sign of merit and a theme for propaganda in the salons, They make no better the lot of the poverty- stricken writers who are just as badly off now as they were in the days when, according to Juvenal, jioets were at times reduced to earning their livelihood by turning bath-keeper in Gabies or having a baker's stall in Rome. They have, however, served as a powerful stimulus for literary production.
Three hundred novels were submitted for, the Balzac Prize, which was founded by an army contractor, per¬ suaded by a librarian to make this beau geste. Two were awarded the prize. One is "Job the Fatal" ("Job le Pre¬
destine"), by Emile Baumann, a Catho¬ lic professor who was led by his Cathol¬ icism to love the Bible, and in his previ¬ ous book, "The Peace of the Seventh Day", took a decidedly pro-Zionist view on the Jewish question. The other is "Siegfried et le Limousin" by Jean Gi- randoux, the most sceptical, the most refined, and the most cultured of all the young French literary men. He is not altogether unknown to readers in Eng¬ land and America, for his "Campaign and. Intervals" has been translated by Miss Elizabeth S. Sargcant. His pres¬ ent novel is full of a gentle, fantastic shrewdness and tenderness which we usually associated with that sad smile which is found hovering about certain pages of Heine's "Reisebilder" or is- heard in the Allegretto of Beethoven's Eighth Symphony. Girandoux describes France and Germany after the war, the Frenchman and German of today. But here and there he amuses hims'elf by showing the gulf separating the Jew, and above all the Russian Jew, the critic, the revolutionary, the idealist, the man of passion, from the German who is above all a scientific calculating machine. The same abyss separates Fraulein Eva von Schwanhofer, a German mistress, from Lillie David, an exquisite, refined Jewish girl, a being "to whom death was the least punishment and bliss the first reward".
Coming to the Femina Prize, we find this awarded for a book entirely devoted to the Jewish question. It is a novel by Mr. Jacques Lacretelle, a young writer with a warm, sober style, his heart full of pity for human suffering and short¬ comings. The novel is entitled "Silber- mann",
"Silbermalin" is the story of two school chiims. One is a Jew, the other a Protestant. The Jew, Silbermann, is the most intelligent and most successful student in the class. He is persecuted by a group of young reactionaries an4 royalists who are scheming to make him the victim of a minor Dreyfus af¬ fair. The Protestant takes his part, pro¬ tects him and shares 'his blows. Finally he is subjected to what' is regarded by French students as the worst of punish¬ ments-^ he-is sent to Coventry. His fellow-students look at him as if they do not see him, no one speaks to him, everybody tries to evade him as if he had the plague. This goes on for a long time and Silbermann, who is de¬ voted to his studies and is anxious to (Continued on page 6)
Miss Rose Sugarman.
six mothers in each class. In addition we are now planning private lessons in the homes of immigrant mothers who for various reasons are not able to leave their homes to attend classes. In this work, we are co-operating with the Immigrant Aid Committee of the Coun¬ cil of Jewish Women, the Americaniza¬ tion Committee of the Council of Jewish Women and the Board of Education.
Kindergarten
Our Kindergarten meets every morn¬ ing from 8:30 to 11. Mrs. Mabel Bre¬ voort and Miss Ethel Geisler are doing remarlable work in this department. Thanks to the kindness of our good friends, we have given the children sev¬ eral parties on holiday occasions. Chil¬ dren from Oak St. Nursery and Hannah •Neil Mission are also attending these classes.
Sunday School
We have an average attendance oif 140 children. We are not enrolling children since the beginning of the year due to the fact that they lose too much work and cannot make it up. Otir staff consists of a'principal. Miss Edith Skil kin and eight teachers, who deserve,spe cial mention for their good work. All of the teachers attended the Sunday School Convention at Toledo and came back inspired to work harder than eyer.
Music Department
,. Miss Nora Wilson is Chairman of this Department, which is under the au¬ spices of the Woman's Music Club of (Concluded on page 9.y
(Special to Jkwisii Chronicle.) NEW YORK. —That the Golden Jubilee Convention, recently held by the Union of American 'Hebrew Congrega¬ tions in New York, has re-awakened the Jewish spirit throughout the land was emphasized at a meeting of the New York Convention Committee in Temple Emanu El at which reports were ten¬ dered by Daniel P. Hays, chairman of tbe New York Executive Committee of the Union, Adolph S. Ochs, chairman of the Convention Commhtce, Ben Alt¬ heimcr, president of Temple Beth El, Mrs. Sallic Kubie Glauber, chairman of the New ^York State Federation of Temple Sisterhoods, and Roger W. Straus, president of the newly formed National Federation of Temple Brothe^-^ hoods. A group of leading New York Jews, headed by Mr. Ochs, will shortly undertake to crystallize the spirit en¬ gendered by the convention, by a re¬ vival in this city, it was announced.
Temple Brotherhoods
Among the outstanding achievements of the convention was the organization of the National Federation of Temple Brotherhoods. Roger W. Straus, re¬ porting for this organization, said that the Brotherhood proposed to "enlist the support of'the men of American Jewry in the cause of Judaism," and that fifty- one congregational men's clubs were en¬ rolled-in charter membership, and that applications, for membership were al¬ ready coming iri from temple men's clubs in all parts of the country. The National Federation of Temple Brother¬ hoods will take a leading part in the movement which is expected to re¬ kindle and strengthen the love of Judaism in the hearts of the Jewish youth.
$100,001) for H. U. C. Mr. Adolph S. Ochs announced that .JSIca'.Yp,i::^Jciia3C..isras.;piaiioins:-ta,aiakfcw,-..j,. a gift of $100,000, to the Hebrew Union College, and that $68,000, had already heen raised, above the convention ex¬ penses, toward this gift. In his ad¬ dress Mr. Ochs declared that prejudice against the Jew was directed, not against the religious Jew, but against the Jew who was a "so-called foreigner" to this country, and had not attuned himself to the spirit of its institutions. The spirit of the Jew, he declared,, could never be crushed,' and that not even con¬ version to another religion could alter that Jewish spirit.
Mrs. Sallie Kubie Glauber, iri her report on the meeting of the National Federation of Temple Sisterhoods, said that the' five hundred delegates iiao "returned to their homes with new con¬ ceptions and ideals,' and a deep sense of loyalty to that religion for which it is a privilege to labor and to endure." The Sisterhoods, as a result of the conven¬ tion are establishing training classes for religious school teachers, and parent- teacher associations, to extend co-opera¬ tion between the hbme and religious school. State and district Federations have undertaken to make censuses of rural districts, in order to spread re¬ ligious propaganda through these dis¬ tricts. In addition to the dormitory campaign which raised $253,000 for the new building at Hebrew Union College, the Sisterhoods raised $10,920 in schol¬ arships.
Ben Altheimcr, president of Temple Beth El, announced that on May 10th, Dr. Kaufman Kohler, Dean of Ameri¬ can Feform Rabbis, will observe his eightieth birthday, and in recognition of this event. Temple Beth El, co-operating with the Union, will institute Kaufman Kohler Sabbath throughout the country, on which day rabbis will preach sermons on the Hfe of Rabbi Kohler.
Mr. Ludwig 'Vogelstein, on behalf of the committee, presented to David M. Bressler, chairman of the executive cominittee of the Union, a silver service set, in recognition of his efforts for the convention.
Mr. Daniel P. Hays stated the ac¬ complishments of the conyention and replied to those who had criticized it, when he said: , "We have had some criticism as to the proceedings in that convention by some who ¦ have har^bjy and unfairly criticized what, they thought ought to have been done. Tliere are some who have uttered harsh words against us because wc did not adopt a resolution of aid in tbe rehabilitation of Palestine. But the members of the convention were animated by the feel¬ ing that this was a call to revive the religious enthusiasm of Hie Jew, and their purpose to keep the conventioii at that point throughout all its proceedings. (Continued ott page 6)
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