Beschreibung:

Supernova explosions are not only important to the ecology of the universe, seeding it, among other things, with the heavy elements necessary for the existence of life, but they are also a natural laboratory in which a host of unique physical phenomena occur. While still far from a complete understanding, scientists have made great advances during the last twenty-five years in understanding the nature and conse- quences of supernovae. This book presents the state of supernova studies at the beginning of the 1990's, as reported at a two-week meeting on the Santa Cruz campus of the University of California in July 1989 in- volving 177 astronomers and astrophysicists from 17 nations. The 110 papers contained in this volume report all aspects of the field - observations at all wavelengths from radio through gamma-rays, bolometric light curves and spectra, neutrino observations, the theory of stellar explosions, multidimensional models for mixing, nucleosynthesis calculations, synthetic spectral modeling, presupernova evolution, supernova remnants, supernova rates, supernovae as standard candles, the interaction of supernovae with their surroundings - and constitute the most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of SN 1987A currently available. Astronomers and astronomy graduate students will find this an in valuable summary of the current state of supernova research. The informed layperson or undergraduate astronomy student will also find it a useful introduction and guide to the literature in the subject.I. SN 1987A - The Light Curve and Spectrophotometry.- The Bolometric Light Curve of SN 1987A.- SN 1987A Light Curves.- Optical Spectrophotometry of Supernova 1987A: The First 133 Days.- SN 1987A: Optical Spectrophotometry 130-900 Days After Core Collapse.- The ESO Infrared Data Set.- Infrared Emission from SN 1987A: Light Echoes or Dust Formation?.- II. SN 1987A - Spectroscopy.- Molecules, Dust and Ionic Abundances in SN 1987A.- Dust Condensation in the Ejecta of SN 1987A, II.- AAT Observations of SN 1987A & Other Supernovae.- Spectroscopy of SN 1987A at 1-4 Microns.- Direct Observation of 56Co Decay in Supernova 1987.- Spectral Line Profiles of Iron and Nickel in Supernova 1987A.- Supernova 1987A: Astron Observations of UV Absorption Spectra and Their Interpretation.- III. SN 1987A - The Circumstellar Environment.- Ultraviolet Emission Lines from Circumstellar Gas Surrounding SN 1987A.- Asymmetry in the Wind from the Precursor to SN 1987A.- Comments on the IR Emission from the Subarcsec Vicinity of SN 1987A.- A Third, Inner Light Echo Ring Around SN 1987A.- Nimba Around Supernova 1987A: Kinematics and Evolution in Ages.- Circumstellar and Interstellar Interaction Around SN 1987A.- Interaction of Supernova Ejecta with Circumstellar Clumps.- IV. Models for SN 1987A and Other Type II Supernovae.- Massive Star Evolution in the LMC.- Towards an Understanding of the Progenitor Evolution of SN 1987A.- Confronting Observations with the Theory of SN 1987A: Progenitor, Nucleosynthesis, and Mixing.- Binary Models for the Progenitor of SN 1987A.- Light Curve Models for SN 1987A: Roles of the Recombination Front of Hydrogen.- Supernova 1987A - Its Light Curve, Composition, and Pulsar.- Modelling of the Early Light Curve of SN 1987A with the Multi-Group Time-Dependent Radiative Transfer.- Explosion of a Supernova with a Red Giant Companion.- The Stability of Point Explosion Models.- On the Nature of Hydrodynamic Instabilities in Supernovae.- Three-Dimensional Simulation of Supernova Explosion and Growth of Instabilities.- Instabilities and Mixing in SN 1987A.- Mixing in Convective Supernova -Bubble Solution vs Blast Wave Solution.- Mixing in SN 1987A.- Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Supernova 1987A: Dependence on the Presupernova Model.- V. X-Rays and ?-Rays from SN 1987A.- SMM ?-Ray Observations of SN 1987A.- X-Ray Observation of SN 1987A from GINGA.- High Resolution Observations of Gamma-Ray Line Profiles from SN 1987A.- An Observation of SN1987A with a New High Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectrometer.- Pre-Discovery Hard X- and Gamma-Ray Luminosity of SN 1987A from Optical Spectra.- Future Missions for Gamma-Ray Astronomy - Sigma and the Nuclear Astrophysics Explorer.- VI. The Neutron Star in SN 1987A and Other Supernovae.- The Sub-Millisecond Pulsar in SN 1987A: A Review of the Discovery Data After Six Months.- Implications of a Fast Pulsar for the Equation of State.- Surface Structure of Neutron Stars and Nuclear Reactions with High Magnetic Fields.- Multigroup Simulation of Protoneutron Star Cooling.- VII. Explosion Mechanisms and Neutrino Bursts.- Neutrino Astrophysics: New Adjunct of Astronomy and Elementary Particle Physics.- Calculations of Neutrino Heating Supernovae.- Initial Models and the Prompt Mechanism of SN II.- Supernova Calculations and the Hot Bubble.- Effects of Rotation on Collapsing Stellar Iron Cores.- Neutrino Inelastic Scattering and Prompt Shocks in Core Bounce Supernovae.- A Look at Dissipation in Stellar Collapse.- Shock Simulation in Type II Supernovae: A Collection of Recipes.- Is There Life After Fuller, Fowler & Newman?.- Nucleosynthesis in Non-Spherical Supernova Explosion and Observations.- Relativistic Neutrino Transport in Stellar Collapse.- Neutrino Transport in Supernovae and Protoneutron Stars by Monte Carlo Methods.- The SN 1987A Neutrino Signal and the Future.- Implications of the SN 1987A Neutrinos for Supernova Theory and the Mass of ?e.- Neutrino Signal from Rapidly Rotating Collapsed Stellar Iro