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Riparian
& Wetland
Tree Planting
Pocket Guide
for North Carolina
Second Edition
New Information and Color Photos
The North Carolina
Forest Service has been
providing quality tree
seedlings since 1925!
THE DIFFERENCE IS IN THE CHOICES:
• More than 50 species: conifers, cypress,
riparian hardwoods, upland hardwoods.
• Bare-rooted and containerized seedlings.
• Native species.
• Grown and packaged according to
geographic area in North Carolina
(Mountain, Piedmont, Coastal) ensuring
local seed sources are used.
• Seedlings are cultivated for preferred size
requirements while maintaining ease of
handling and planting.
• Delivery to our statewide network of climate-controlled
coolers or direct-to-customer.
TO ORDER or FOR MORE INFORMATION:
Phone: 1-888-NCTREES (1-888-628-7337)
Web: www.dfr.state.nc.us (‘Forestry Store’)
2
Table of Contents
Forward……………………………………….. 3
How to Use This Pocket Guide……………..... 4
1: Understanding the Site…………………….. 4
2: Bottomland and Riparian Forest Types........ 12
3: Species Mix, Seedling Survival,
Vegetation Control and Maintenance………
19
4: Construction and Equipment Management.. 27
5: Soil and Site Preparation…………………... 28
6: Seedling Quality, Storage and Handling….. 31
7: Tree Planting……………………………..... 44
References…………………………………….. 64
N.C. Division of Forest Resources Contacts…. 65
Cover Photo:
Stream restoration being completed on Purlear Creek at Rendezvous
Mountain Educational State Forest in Wilkes County, shown August
2007. A combination of Priority 1 and Priority 2 restoration work was
done along an estimated 1,900 linear feet of the creek. Vegetation was
established using a combination of methods, including bareroot
seedlings, transplanting, live staking, and installation of potted shrubs.
Rear Photo:
River bank stabilization and restoration was completed along the Little
River at the Hooker Falls Access Area on DuPont State Forest in May
2007. Work included the construction of in-stream structures, including a
modified single-wing deflector and J-hook vane. Vegetation was
established by planting of bareroot seedlings acquired from the Claridge
State Forest Nursery in addition to live-staking.
3
Forward
Investments in restoring and enhancing stream,
wetland and riparian areas have substantially
increased in the last decade. Most of the thoughtful
work and associated investment of capital and
resources have been focused ‘between the banks.’
Re-establishment of appropriate, site-suited
permanent forest or shrub vegetation often is
overlooked or taken for granted once water resource
engineering and construction work is completed. It
is the goal of this guide to offer recommendations
and guidelines based upon the collective knowledge
and research of the N.C. Forest Service and its
cooperators, having been successfully regenerating
forests for nearly 100 years in North Carolina. The
basis for successful vegetation growth lies within
the soil. This is particularly true when soils are
compacted by heavy equipment during restoration,
or a waterway is subject to major soil disturbance,
as is often required for restorations (NCSRI, 2003).
Carefully planned and executed soil/site preparation,
tree seedling handling, and proper planting will go a
long way in ensuring that successful reforestation of
the riparian zone is accomplished.

Riparian
& Wetland
Tree Planting
Pocket Guide
for North Carolina
Second Edition
New Information and Color Photos
The North Carolina
Forest Service has been
providing quality tree
seedlings since 1925!
THE DIFFERENCE IS IN THE CHOICES:
• More than 50 species: conifers, cypress,
riparian hardwoods, upland hardwoods.
• Bare-rooted and containerized seedlings.
• Native species.
• Grown and packaged according to
geographic area in North Carolina
(Mountain, Piedmont, Coastal) ensuring
local seed sources are used.
• Seedlings are cultivated for preferred size
requirements while maintaining ease of
handling and planting.
• Delivery to our statewide network of climate-controlled
coolers or direct-to-customer.
TO ORDER or FOR MORE INFORMATION:
Phone: 1-888-NCTREES (1-888-628-7337)
Web: www.dfr.state.nc.us (‘Forestry Store’)
2
Table of Contents
Forward……………………………………….. 3
How to Use This Pocket Guide……………..... 4
1: Understanding the Site…………………….. 4
2: Bottomland and Riparian Forest Types........ 12
3: Species Mix, Seedling Survival,
Vegetation Control and Maintenance………
19
4: Construction and Equipment Management.. 27
5: Soil and Site Preparation…………………... 28
6: Seedling Quality, Storage and Handling….. 31
7: Tree Planting……………………………..... 44
References…………………………………….. 64
N.C. Division of Forest Resources Contacts…. 65
Cover Photo:
Stream restoration being completed on Purlear Creek at Rendezvous
Mountain Educational State Forest in Wilkes County, shown August
2007. A combination of Priority 1 and Priority 2 restoration work was
done along an estimated 1,900 linear feet of the creek. Vegetation was
established using a combination of methods, including bareroot
seedlings, transplanting, live staking, and installation of potted shrubs.
Rear Photo:
River bank stabilization and restoration was completed along the Little
River at the Hooker Falls Access Area on DuPont State Forest in May
2007. Work included the construction of in-stream structures, including a
modified single-wing deflector and J-hook vane. Vegetation was
established by planting of bareroot seedlings acquired from the Claridge
State Forest Nursery in addition to live-staking.
3
Forward
Investments in restoring and enhancing stream,
wetland and riparian areas have substantially
increased in the last decade. Most of the thoughtful
work and associated investment of capital and
resources have been focused ‘between the banks.’
Re-establishment of appropriate, site-suited
permanent forest or shrub vegetation often is
overlooked or taken for granted once water resource
engineering and construction work is completed. It
is the goal of this guide to offer recommendations
and guidelines based upon the collective knowledge
and research of the N.C. Forest Service and its
cooperators, having been successfully regenerating
forests for nearly 100 years in North Carolina. The
basis for successful vegetation growth lies within
the soil. This is particularly true when soils are
compacted by heavy equipment during restoration,
or a waterway is subject to major soil disturbance,
as is often required for restorations (NCSRI, 2003).
Carefully planned and executed soil/site preparation,
tree seedling handling, and proper planting will go a
long way in ensuring that successful reforestation of
the riparian zone is accomplished.