A New Orangutan Species Has Been Discovered And It's Already Endangered

There's only 800 Tpanuli orangutans in the world.

OSLO, Nov 2 (Reuters) - A new species of orangutan has been identified in remote Indonesian forests and immediately becomes the most endangered type of great ape in the world with just 800 individuals, scientists said on Thursday.

The Tapanuli orangutan, found only in upland forests in North Sumatra, differs from the other two species of orangutan in the shape of its skull and teeth, its genes, and in the way the males make long booming calls across the jungle, they said.

Maxime Aliaga
The Tapanuli orangutans have a slightly different shaped skull and teeth to other species of orangutan.

"The differences are very subtle, not easily observable to the naked eye," Professor Michael Kruetzen of the University of Zurich, who is part of an international team, told Reuters.

"With no more than 800 individuals, this species is the most endangered great ape," the scientists wrote. Apart from humans, great apes comprise orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.

Tim Laman
They've only just been discovered, but they're already the most critically endangered great ape in the world.

Tim Laman
They've been isolated from other apes for up to 20,000 years.

The Tapanuli orangutan had probably been isolated from other populations for 10,000-20,000 years, the researchers wrote in the journal Current Biology. The population had been known by scientists since at least 1997 but had not previously been considered a separate species.

The Tapanuli orangutan faces threats including from forest clearance to make way for mining or palm oil plantations. The region also had plans for a hydro-electric dam.

"It isn't an everyday event that we find a new species of great ape, so indeed the discovery is very exciting," said Michael Krutzen of the University of Zurich in Switzerland, senior author of the study.

Maxime Aliaga
The orangutans are in urgent need of greater protections.

The scientists urged quick conservation measures. Otherwise, "we may see the discovery and extinction of a great ape species within our lifetime," the study authors wrote.

Laurel Sutherlin of Rainforest Action Network, who was not involved in the study, said the finding "must also serve as a wake up call to all of us from consumers, to global food and paper brands, to investors and local and national governments" to protect forests.