There are two different types of fat present in mammals: white adipose tissue, the primary site of energy storage, and brown adipose tissue, which is specializes in energy expenditure. Factors that specify the developmental fate and function of brown fat are poorly understood. Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) play an important role in adipogenesis. While… (More)

BACKGROUND
There are few studies of the incidence and clinical characteristics of pituitary apoplexy (PA) in pituitary adenoma patients, and the findings have been inconsistent.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess the incidence, clinical presentation, surgical management and postoperative complications of PA in pituitary adenoma… (More)

BACKGROUND
Previous studies have proven the existence of active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adults; however, its effect on systematic metabolism remains unclear.
AIM
The current study was designed to investigate the differences in the metabolic profiles of healthy adults with and without active BAT using positron emission tomography-computed tomography… (More)

Despite its wide distribution in the central nervous system, the presence of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in peripheral tissues has been detected. White adipose tissue (WAT) is a new site of NPY synthesis and secretion. The development of brown-like adipocytes in WAT is controlled by hypothalamic NPY neurons through interaction with sympathetic nervous system… (More)

OBJECTIVE
Previous studies have shown that active brown adipose tissue (BAT) is present in adults and may play important roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis. However, nearly every study has been carried out in patients undergoing scanning for cancer surveillance (CS), whose metabolism and BAT activity may not reflect those of healthy individuals.… (More)

BACKGROUND
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important for energy expenditure through thermogenesis, although its regulatory factors are not well known in humans. There is evidence suggesting that thyroid hormones affect BAT functions in some mammals, but the effects of thyroid hormones on BAT activity in humans are still unclear. The aim of this study was to… (More)

Hypopituitarism is defined as the partial or complete defect of anterior pituitary hormone secretion. Patients with hypopituitarism usually need life-long hormone replacement therapy. However, in this case, we report a patient with panhypopituitarism whose hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function was completely recovered after pregnancy and… (More)