... Reverse osmosis (RO) is currently the most important desalination technology and it is experiencing significant growth. The objective of this paper is to review the historical and current development of RO membrane materials which are the key determinants of separation performance and water productivity, and hence to define performance targets for those who are developing new RO membrane materials ...

... JDF-L1 is a microporous titanosilicate exhibiting a layer structure with pore size of about 3Å. It is consequently an attractive material to separate H₂-containing mixtures. This is the reason why JDF-L1, after disaggregation by means of hexadecyltrimethylammonium surfactant, has been combined with a carboxyl group containing copolyimide (6FDA-4MPD/6FDA-DABA 4:1) to produce mixed matrix membranes, ...

... Membrane fouling is widely reported to be dependent on membrane/foulant interactions (i.e.: hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, electrokinetics interactions) and on the interactions between foulant and compounds already deposited at the membrane (fouling layer). Those complex interactions could modify and limit mass transfer phenomena across the membrane. Consequently, knowing the electrokinetic proper ...

... Two highly hydrophilic regenerated cellulose planar sheets (RC-6 and RC-MD) with different morphological, structural and transport parameters were used as supports of lipid (lecithin-triestearine) nanoparticles (RC-6/LNPs and RC-MD/LNPs samples), which were embedded by immersion in a water dispersion of LNPs. Salt and ions transport (salt diffusion, ion transport numbers and effective fixed charge ...

... The investigation of the apparent diffusivity of water in thin layer iota-carrageenan-based films by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy clearly evidences the fundamental role of surface properties on water transfer. Water diffusivity in iota-carrageenan based biopolymer films ranges from 0.3 to 1.3×10⁻¹⁰m²s⁻¹ and is thus 10–100 times lower than that in highly hydrated carrageenan gels. The surface heterogeneit ...

... A series of polyurea–urethane microparticles containing xylitol were synthesized by interfacial polymerization from reaction between diphenyl methylene diisocyanate (MDI) and xylitol. This research was conducted to clarify the influence of different parameters on the encapsulation process, i.e. during the emulsion formation step and during the shell formation using contact angle measurement, Fouri ...

... A novel method for producing high permeance, Pd/Cu alloy membranes in the fcc phase is presented. The deposition of sub-micron layers of Cu by electroless plating and Pd by the galvanic displacement of Cu on top of an already dense Pd membrane enabled an fcc Pd/Cu alloy to be present on just the surface of the membrane. The result was a Pd/Cu/Pd tri-layer that when annealed formed the sulfur resis ...

... A mixed-matrix membrane containing three components consisting of a solid polymerized room-temperature ionic liquid (poly(RTIL)), a liquid RTIL, and a zeolite material was previously investigated. This membrane showed an improvement in CO₂/CH₄ separation over the neat poly(RTIL)–RTIL composite membrane without the zeolite component. It was hypothesized that the RTIL served as “wetting agent,” impr ...

... MIEC membranes (mixed ion-electron conducting membranes) are attracting increasing interest for industrial applications in which oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen is used. One of these applications is the oxyfuel power plant process. High oxygen permeability and adequate chemical stability under operating conditions, especially with respect to CO₂ and SO₂, are therefore essential. In the work des ...

... Porous stainless steel hollow fibers have been prepared via the dry–wet spinning process, based on phase inversion of a particle loaded polymer solution, followed by sintering. The morphology of the green fibers combines sponge like structures and macro voids, and is related to the dynamics of the phase inversion process. The morphology can be tuned by changing the spinning conditions and the comp ...

... Copoly(phthalazinone biphenyl ether sulfone) (PPBES) with excellent performance is utilized to fabricate the substrate membrane of the composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane and the functional layer of the NF membrane is prepared by the interfacial polymerization from piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). The performances of the substrate ultrafiltration (UF) membrane such as molecular we ...

... In this experimental work vanadium/Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂ composite membrane was successfully fabricated by a two-step sintering process. The formation of a well-defined ceramic metal composite membrane was confirmed under high vacuum sintering conditions. Their surface morphology, stability and structural properties were studied as a function of temperature up to 1100°C by thermogravimetry, differe ...

... For the first time, a thin ionic liquid membrane that is resistant up to 55bar trans-membrane pressure is presented. The ionic liquid is confined in a tubular ceramic-supported mesoporous containment layer of 1.5μm. Gas permeances and permselectivity values for CO₂, CH₄, ethylene, and ethane are discussed and related to the properties of the ionic liquids. ...

... A wind-powered reverse osmosis membrane (wind-membrane) system without energy storage was tested using synthetic brackish water (2750 and 5500mg/L NaCl) over a range of simulated wind speeds under both steady-state and fluctuating conditions. The parameters varied were: (i) average wind speed from 3.7 (system start-up) to 8.7m/s; (ii) wind turbulence intensity from 0.0 (steady-state conditions) to ...

... Dextransucrase produces dextran and fructose from sucrose as a substrate, and dextran forms a complex with dextransucrase at the active site. Dextran chains were formed on the surface of an inorganic porous membrane, Shirasu Porous Glass membrane, via the enzymatic reaction. Dextran-containing membrane was prepared by permeating dextransucrase solution and then sucrose solution. Pure water was pas ...

... In this study, a novel process to modify thin-film-composite polyamide membrane was developed. It involved surface treatment of the polyamide membrane by chlorine, followed by supramolecular assembly of chitosan on the membrane surface. While the original polyamide membrane was negatively charged, the surface modification led to a charge reversal due to skin layer of chitosanium in the resulting p ...

... Ce₀.₈Sm₀.₂O₂₋δ (SDC) and LaBaCo₂O₅₊δ (LBCO) powders with nanograins were prepared by the cationic surfactant CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) assisting method from the inorganic precursor. XRD results reveal the good phase compatibility between fluorite (SDC) and double-perovskite (LBCO) even after sintering and operating at high temperature. The electron-conducting phase LBCO can form a perc ...

... Hybrid coagulation-nanofiltration has been shown to be advantageous in removing organic substances and reducing the footprint of treatment plant when implemented. In this study, hybrid coagulation-nanofiltration of sodium alginate solution using a cross-flow filtration configuration in the presence of calcium ions was investigated. Permeate flux trends, rejection of sodium alginate, mono- and diva ...