Large areas in the Spanish Pyrenees are covered by snow between December and April, especially above 1650 m a.s.l., the location of the cold season 0°C isotherm. However, a significant negative trend in Pyrenean snow pack was detected during the second half of the 20th century. This paper analyses t...

Resumen en inglés Background: Maps have played a critical role in public health since 1855, when John Snow associated a cholera outbreak with contaminated water source in London. After cardiovascular diseases, cancer is the second leading cause of death in Chile. Cancer was responsible for 22.7% of all deaths in 1997-2004 period. Aim To describe the geographical distribution of stomach, trachea, bronchi and lung cancer mortality. Material and methods: Mortality statistics for the years 199 (mas) 7-2004, published by the National Statistics Institute and Chilean Ministry of Health, were used. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for sex and age quinquennium was calculated for 341 counties in the country. A hierarchical Bayesian analysis of Poisson regression models for SMR was performed. The maps were developed using adjusted SMR (or smoothed) by the Poisson model. Results: There is an excess mortality caused by stomach cancer in south central Chile, from Teno to Valdivia. There is an excess mortality caused by trachea, bronchi and lung cancer in northern Chile, from Copiapó to Iquique. Conclusions: The geographical analysis of mortality caused by cancer shows cluster of counties with an excess risk. These areas should be considered for health care decision making and resource allocation

Resumen en español Se presenta un sitio de probable filiación Inka identificado como Guayoay Vilca, huaca principal de la etnia Tarama (Albornoz 1967:30) en la montaña de Apohuayhuay, sierra central del Perú. Se revisa el panorama étnico durante el período Intermedio Tardío confrontando evidencias etnohistóricas y arqueológicas, con miras a identificar una posible zona de frontera entre las etnias Tarama y Xauxa. Se muestra que la ubicación del macizo de Apo (mas) huayhuay está en clara asociación con dos zonas de frontera, una cultural entre estas dos entidades étnicas, y otra natural que separa la sierra de Ricrán y la selva de Monobamba, ambas de profunda connotación simbólica para las poblaciones locales. Finalmente, se plantea la posible manipulación de esta doble frontera por parte de los Inka con fines de dominio ideológico mediante la edificación del sitio de Otorongo Resumen en inglés This article deals with a possible Inka site known as Guayoay Vilca located near the main huaca of the Tarama ethnic group (Albornoz 1967:30) on Mt. Apohuayhuay in the central highlands of Peru. First I provide an overview of the ethnic groups found in this area during the Late Intermediate period utilizing both ethnohistorical and archaeological data. The evidence suggests that an ethnic boundary existed in this area between the Tarama and Xauxa. (mas) The snow-capped Mt. Apohuayhuay is clearly associated with two kinds of frontiers. The first is cultural, marking the division between the Xauxa and Tarama ethnic groups; the second is natural insofar as it stands at the nexus of two distinct landscapes: the highlands of Ricrán and the tropical forests of Monobamba. Both types of frontiers would have been of considerable symbolic significance to the local populations. I then discuss how the Inka may have attempted to manipulate this border in order to consolidate their ideological and political control over the native societies through their construction of the site of Otorongo

37 pages, 43 figures.-- PACS nrs.: 29.40.Gx; 29.40.Wk.-- ISI Article Identifier: 000247146800010.-- Printed version published on Jun 1, 2007. | The challenges for the tracking detector systems at the LHC are unprecedented in terms of the number of channels, the required read-out speed and the expect...