The attack on a synagogue in Halle, Germany on Yom Kippur, Judaism’s holiest day of the year, is a terrifying reminder that the scourge of anti-Semitism persists in Europe today. A woman and a man were killed by the assailant on the street, while even greater loss of life was averted, it seems, by the strong lock on the synagogue’s door.

Condemnation of the attack was swift. At a vigil the night of the attack, Chancellor Angela Merkel said: “My goal and that of the government is to do everything possible to ensure that you can live in safety, but this day shows us that this is not so simple and that we must do even more.”

What more should be done to counter intolerance and violent extremism will be a key debate in Germany for days to come. It should also take place across the European Union.

Intelligence and police work are key to protecting people in the most direct, physical sense. But tackling the hateful beliefs that divide societies requires so much more. Authorities at the local, regional, and national level should invest substantially in efforts to counter dangerous speech, and to promote inclusiveness and respect. “Never again”: this was Germany’s promise to Jews after the Second World War. This pledge will ring hollow if it is not followed by meaningful action today.

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