Abstract

Breeding of the effective methods for assessing such complex features of the genotype as "adaptability" and "stability" in relation to each specific ecological situation is an actual research task. The existence of various methods and methodological approaches to the solution of these problems is explained by the history of the development of surveys of quantitative features and the phenomenon of genotype-environment interactions. The purpose of the present research is to compare the effectiveness of various methods for determining the ontogenetic adaptability of the formation of productivity of soft spring wheat cultivars of the Ekada program. The object of the research is a sample population formed from the cultivars of soft spring wheat, different in genealogy, place of creation and adaptability to the complexes of abiotic and biotic factors of the environment: Bashkirskaya 26, Duet, Zemlyachka, KazanskayaYubileynaya, Lyubava, Lyubava 5, Margarita, Niva 2, Omskaya 35, Piramida, Tulaykovskaya 105, Ekada 6, Ekada 70. The crop was implemented at 6 ecological points. The trial has been held for three years (2009-2011). We studied 16 parameters, which were based on the methods of regression, dispersion analysis characterizing the linear and non-linear reaction of genotypes to the environment and the AMMI model (Additive Main-effects and Multiplicative Interaction). The experiment has shown that there is no universal parameter capable to adequately assess the biological essence of such concepts as "ecological plasticity", "homeostaticity", "stability", etc. The basic reason for the difficulty is that a genotypes response to environments is multivariate, yet the parametric approach triers to transform it to a univariate problem via a stability index. The expediency of applying of several widely used statistical parameters for assessment of the selection material was determined: ϬСАСi, Sgi – for assessing the phenotypic stability; bi , OASi – to assess responsiveness to a favorable environment and predict the response of the genotype to the environment; SCGi, ASV, YSV – for a complex assessment of the breeding value of the genotype. Methods Principal Components and the cluster analysis, the isolation of three non-inherited parameters (Sd2, λi, Wi) was determined, which confirms the data received by Lin, Bins (1988) about their use lessness in selection for adaptability and stability of the feature. Based on the complex of studied parameters of homeo-adaptability the cultivars that have been proposed for selection of the cultivars of a wide areal are: Ekada 70, Ekada 6, Zemlyachka, Duet, Omskaya 35. Margarita was not edly distinguished by efficient use of the resources in favorable environmental conditions (OASi, bi), which implies the expediency of using it in appropriate breeding programs.

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