Friday, January 1, 2016

America is the Land of Promise—But Where is America?-Part XVI

Continuing with the previous
posts regarding one of our readers sending us information of a blog and asking
our opinion and comments.Blog comment: “Compare this to the assumptions made to
support the Mesoamerican Hill Cumorah: 1) Joseph Smith did not know Book of Mormon Geography…”Response:
Actually, we do not know what Joseph Smith knew about the geography. But from
at least one incident, we might infer he did not know particularly where the
Nephites were. A convert named John Bernhisel joined the Church in 1837 while practicing medicine in
New York City. In 1841 he was ordained bishop of the congregation there.
Bernhisel was a well-educated man, and in 1841 read Incidents of Travel in
Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan by John L Stephens with drawings by
Frederick Catherwood.

Left: John Lloyd Stephens; Center: Frederick Catherwood self-portrait;
Right: The red shaded area is where the information in the book “Incidents of
Travel” coveredImpressed by the book, Bernhisel
gave the two-volume work to Wilford Woodruff in September 1841 with
instructions to make sure it was given to Joseph Smith. Woodruff, who was on
his way back from England to Nauvoo, delivered the book, as requested. It would
appear that Joseph appreciated receiving the book, as he wrote a letter to
Bernhisel acknowledging the gift. Dated November 16, 1841, the first paragraph
of the letter states: “I received your kind present by the
hand of Er Woodruff & feel myself under many obligations for this mark of
your esteem & friendship which to me is the more interesting as it unfolds
& develops many things that are of great importance to this generation
& corresponds with & supports the testimony of the Book of Mormon; I
have read the volumes with the greatest interest & pleasure & must say
that of all histories that have been written pertaining to the antiquities of
this country it is the most correct luminous & comprehensive” (Dean C. Jessee, The
Personal Writings of Joseph Smith, revised edition, Salt Lake City, Utah:
Deseret Book, 2002, p533).Two points should be made here: 1)
Joseph’s statement: “of all histories that have
been written pertaining to the antiquities of this country it is the most
correct luminous & comprehensive,” indicated as we have said, “this
country” pertains to both North and South America, since Incidents of Travel
dealt with Mesoamerica, and not at all with North America or the area of the
United States; and 2) Joseph did not say directly that Mesoamerica was the home
of the Nephites, but suggested that the ruins were Nephite. None of this was in
what this blog author claims was the Nephite lands–in fact almost all theorists refrain from putting into their articles information that would work against their views, like this one.

Some of Catherwood’s drawings that
impressed Joseph Smith to feel these were Nephite ruinsFollowing
this event, in September 1842, while John Taylor was editor of the Times and
Seasons, an article appeared in the paper regarding Stephen’s book: “Mr. Stephens' great developments of
antiquities are made bare to the eyes of all the people by reading the history
of the Nephites in the Book of Mormon. They lived about the narrow neck of
land, which now embraces Central America, with all the cities that can be
found. Read the destruction of cities at the crucifixion of Christ, pages
459-60. Who could have dreamed that twelve years would have developed such
incontrovertible testimony to the Book of Mormon?” (Extract from Stephens'
'Incidents of Travel in Central America'," Times and Seasons 3 no.
22 ,15 September 1842, p915)It
is obvious that when first shown the ruins in Central or Mesoamerica, the early
Saints, including Joseph Smith, Wilford Woodruff and John Taylor associated
those ruins with the Nephites–and why wouldn't they? It was proof positive of an early civilization in the Western Hemisphere as the Book of Mormon and the early Saints, especially Joseph Smith, proclaimed.

More of Catherwood’s drawings that
inspired numerous people and early church leaders to look toward Central and
Mesoamerica for the early American advanced cultureObviously, Joseph was taken and impressed by these ruins. He stated in
July 1842: “Stephens and Catherwood's researches in Central America abundantly
testify of this thing. The stupendous ruins, the elegant sculpture, and the
magnificence of the ruins of Guatamala, and other cities, corroborate this
statement, and show that a great and mighty people-men of great minds, clear
intellect, bright genius, and comprehensive designs inhabited this continent.
Their ruins speak of their greatness; the Book of Mormen unfolds their
history.-ED” (Joseph Smith
(editor), "American Antiquities," Times and Seasons 3 no.
18, 15 July 1842, p860).In the stories and knowledge the Angel Moroni imparted to Joseph Smith
about those who lived on this continent and from wench they came, one might
suggest that the information was general as opposed to specific, i.e., general
area of this land, this country, this continent, as opposed to this tract of land,
this hill, this mountain, this valley. Certainly Joseph thought the land the
Nephites occupied at one time or another was in Central and Mesoamerica—he
also, evidently, thought Lehi landed 30º South Latitude on the western Chilean
coast of South America according to Frederick G. Williams (see our blog post: More Interesting Facts About 30º
South Latitude – The Chilean Coast, Tuesday,
August 28, 2012).

Left: Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, and
Frederick G. Williams, First Presidency meeting in which was written down the
30º South Latitude landing; Right: Coquimbo Bay, Chile, located at 30º South
Latitude on the Chilean coast of South America–the magnificent Andean ruins were unknown to Americans in Joseph Smith's day as were those of Mesoamerica until Catherwood's drawings in "Incidents of Travel" reached AmericaJoseph also obviously thought that which ever generation of Nephites he
thought built or occupied the ruins he saw depicted by Catherwood’s drawings in
Stephen’s book, he knew “the Book of Mormon unfolded their history.” That is,
the history of these people would be found in the Book of Mormon.Blog comment: [That
Joseph Smith] “…did notknow where
the Book of Mormon Cumorah was…”Response: Whether or
not Joseph knew this is unknown; however, it is obvious he did not make a
statement as to where it was, and obviously not in New York for the hill there
he referred to only as “the hill where the plates were buried.” This sounds
like he was separating the hill where the plates were found from the hill where
the plates were buried (or more correctly deposited and hid up), but again, that cannot be confirmed from Joseph’s
writings.Blog comment: “[That
Joseph Smith] “did not declare the
Book of Mormon Cumorah to be in New York…”Response: Joseph
Smith never declared the Book of Mormon Cumorah to be in New York. He declared
that the hill where the plates were found by him was in New York.Blog comment: “[That
the] “…anonymous articles in the “Times & Seasons” reflected better
knowledge than Joseph and Oliver, or at least better speculation…”Response: Actually,
as pointed out above, Joseph wrote in the Times
& Seasons that the Nephites were in Central America, Chiapas and the
Yucatan from seeing the pictures of the ruins drawn by Frederick Catherwood.Blog comment: “Scientific evidence supports a Mesoamerican
setting better than a North American setting. The first four, I suppose, are
matters of personal belief based on inferences one makes from the evidence, but
the last one, as I demonstrate in Lost
City of Zarahemla and Moroni’s
America, is inverted.”Response: The blog
author claims it is a matter of opinion even though Joseph Smith said the ruins
in Central and Mesoamerica were obviously Nephite. I guess he thinks if it
doesn’t agree with his beliefs, he can pass it off only as an of opinion. As
for the last point, one has to agree with him since there is little evidence
that the Mesoamerican Book of Mormon Land of Promise matches the scriptural
record. For the most part is does not at all; but that does not preclude the
fact that Nephites at one time moved into, settled, and built up Central and
Mesoamerica.

Ruins in Mesoamerica where a culture similar
to that of Andean Peru built similar stone pyramids and complex centersHagoth’s immigrants
went northward (Alma 63:5) in such large numbers—“five thousand and four
hundred men, with their wives and their children” (Alma 63:4), that evidence of
their culture would have to be somewhere north of the Land of Promise, i.e., north of the entire Land of Promise, which includes the Land Northward in the Land of Promise, which was part of Lehi's promise since Nephites (Lehi's descendants) eventually went into the Land Northward to inherit the land (Helaman 3:3).Blog comment: “The big problem here, to state it again, is
the Mesoamericanists don't disclose all the evidence in a fair and objective
way as Sperry requested.”Response: Based just
on the last comment before this one, it sounds like this blog author is guilty
of his own accusation, i.e., not disclosing all the evidence in a fair and
objective way as Sperry requested!