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GEN. BENJAMIN HARRISON.
Interesting Sketch of His IVife
and Character by a Southerner.
K. H. Richardson in Atlanta Journal.
It may be snid of iioujamin Harri
hoii that he gave as much to his fainih
lame as bo derived from it, if nol
more. The campaign joko that he
wore "hie grandfather's hat" when
he llrst ran for President was evidence
either of ignorauco or malice on the
part of those who made it. The grand
father was a good old Virginia gentle
man, who became an accident"' ''res
idem, and by tho mercy of (Jod wa?
transferred to another sphere of ac
tion a month after his inauguration.
Itenjamiii Harrison was us much abler
innn than his grandfather as the great
Napoleon was abler than his nephew,
who mesmerized Europe with bis name.
Benjamin Harrison ccrtaiuly was one
of tho ablest men of the Republican
party for fifteen ycats before bis death,
and that period lapped over into tho
careers of Conkliug, BialUO and Sher
man. Ho was as great a lawyer as
Conkliug, as good a debater as Biaino
and a better all-round political leader
than John Sherman ever was. As to
hid legal ability, 1 heard Daniel W.
Voorbces declare, "If you do not think
Bon Harrison is a lawyer, pick out a
man to meet him either before n jury
or the supreme court of the L idled
States. I have tackled him in both
places, and have had enough of him."
As a debater he proved himself the
peer of any iu the Senate, and ho was
thero when Ben Hill, Allen G. Th?r
man. Matt Carpenter and William M.
Evans adorned that body. His Re
publican colleagues had sense enough
to put him in the lead of their assault
upon President Cleveland in 1880,
when the Senate demanded Ihe reasons
for the removal of Presidential ap
pointees. Of course, Cleveland did
not comply with the demand, but the
incident led to one of the most in
teresting and most brilliant debates
ever heard in the upper house of Con
gress. Harrison closed for tho pros
ecution of the then administration.
His speech was full of eloquence ami
power. lie surpassed Edmunds, he
distanced Sherman, he made Hawlcy
seem insignificant.
That speech made Harrison Presi
dent. He went iuto the Republican
convention of 1888 with a vote smaller
thau of two other candidates, but was
the second choice of a majority of
both the Blainc and the Sherman men.
The cool-beaded men of his patty re
garded him as the strongest candidate
they could present. He had an im
measurable advantage of lilaine in the
cleanness of both his public and private
life. Ho was never a gusher, but he
appealed to the masses far more than
Sherman. It is now an open secret
that Hie nomination of Harrison in
1888 was an alarm to the Democratic
leaders. They realized that the wicked
Republicans had put up their most
available man. They have a mean
habit of doing that.
Harrison's election to tho Presi
dency Wfts (,uo to the advanced si&nu
President'('iGvCliind took on the tariff. I
Tho Harrison administration was clean *
and strong. When ho left the Presi
dency General Harrison returned to the
practice of law and has followed it ever I 0
siuce with great success. His practice tl
is said to have been one of tho most ,
lucrative in this country. j \
Geueral Hanison had a highly suc*|c
cesslul career as a soldier, entering U
tho Union aimy us second lieutenant (
of Indiana volunteers; served through ]
the war, receiving the brevet of hi i- g
gadicr general January 28,1805. He s
was a lighting officer. Ho took n con- \
spicucus part in tho campaign about i
Atlanta. Ho always had a turn for L
politics, and soon after the war became \
a leader of the Republican party in his t
State. 1
He was first brought into national L
prominence, by his nomination for n
Governor of Indiana in 1870. God* ,
lovo S. Orth was the oiiginal nominee i
of tho Republicans for the otlice that i
year, but some objectionable things in j'j
his record were brought out and he e
withdrew. Harrison was then put L
against " Blue Jeans" Williams, and ]
was defeated by 7,000 votes. I \
In 1680 he was elected United States ,
Senator, and soon became one of the I {
foremost men in tho Senate. During I ,
tho six years ho was there no man in <
the Scuato took a more active part in I
the debates of that body, or was held I (
in higher respect by both sides of the 11
chamber. I,
Personally General Harrison was ,
admired by all who know him. Iiis j,
character Wfts abovo reproach and few
men had more dovoted friends. In
Indianapolis, where he lived almost all
of his maturo life, he was honored and
beloved by his fellow citizens of all
parties.
Tbc somewhat general notion that
General Harrison was an austere, cold-1
natured mau was far from correct. Ho I
possessed groat dignity and despised
pretense, and gush But ho was always I
approachable and his nature was cor-1
dial. Ho loved socioly and was ono of I
tho best table talkers in the country. Ho
bad a keen sense of humor, which 1
often displayed itself In a very attrac
tive manner. He was, in fact, a very
companioi ablo, sympathetic man, who
won the affoclion as woil as the con
fidence and estooni of those who know
him well.
Gonorol Harrison bad not been in
sympathy with his pnrty, as repre
sented by tho present administration.
He made no concealment of his con
demnation of its policies regarding tho
Philippines, Porto Rico and Cuba.
On the contrary he condemned thorn
in very strong terms in eoveral notable
public addresses and review articles.
He was a devout Presbyterian and
took a frcquout part in the couueils of
his church. Ho was" a strong, clean,
highmiuded man, who won a pure and
lasting famo and loft a name that will
loug bo honored.
Benjamin Harrison, son of John
Scott Harrison, Senator, was born at
North Bend, Ohio, August 20, 1833
Passiug through Farmer's college it
Cincinnati, he ontercd Miami uoiver
eity in 1852, studied law, and in 1854
removed to Indianapolis, Ind., whori
he has since resided. In I860 he wa
elected reporter of tho State suprenv
coutt, and in 1802 entered the Unioi
army as second lieutenant of Indian
volunteers. After a short service h
organized a company of the Seven
tieth Indiana regiment, was commis
sioned colonel on completion of the
regiment, and served through Hie war,
receiving the brevet of brigadier gen
eral of the volunteers on January 2.'{,
I860. He then returned to Indiana
polis and resumed the position of
supreme court reporter, to which he
had been re-elected during his absence
in 1804. In 1870 ho was the Republi
can candidate for Governor of Indiana,
but was defeated by a small plurality,
lie was a member of the Mississippi
commission in 1870, and in 1880 was
'elected Unilod Btates Senator, taking
his seat March 4tb, 1881.
He had only one term in the Senate,
being defeated for re-election in 1S8<>
by David Turpie.
In lsss he was the Republican
nominee for President and was elected
over (irovcr Cleveland, by whom he
was defeated four years later.
UARRI80N AS A SOLDIER.
Moses (5. MoLaln, of Indianapolis,
who served under General Harrison
during the civil war and was more or
'ess intimately associated with him,
pays the following tribute to Ins com
mander's war record:
"When it came to battle he would
never ask or command his men to go
where lie was not willing to go himself.
In the battle of Rosa'ca lie led the as
s lulling columns and was at the front
With his men. After the battle it was
either General Ward or General HUtter
Held who examined: 'Colonel, you
have won your stars toduy.' At this
battle General Ward was wounded and
L'olouel Harrison look charge of the
brigade, which lie commanded through
ill the succeeding battles to Peachtroo
:reek, before Atlanta, where he com
manded the division in that b.dlle.
"Many times he was seen, when on
i long match j to dismount when he saw
i weary soldier who seemed to be well
?vorn out, take his gun and order him
.o mount the horse and ride while lie
?valked and earned the gun of the
lolihcr. As another' evidence of the
rreat esteem in which lie has been
icld by his old command, I might say
hat he was the piesidcnt continuously
)f the regimental organization and was
e-electe ' as such at our last reunion
ast sut...nor.
"A little incident showing bis
houghtfulnoss after the war occurred
vhile he was in the United Sintis
Semite. Ho called nxc up one, (lay anil
aid ho undeistood that Fred was in
lie poorhouse?Fred was a little Cor
nau hoy who enlisted in his company
mt near Cumberland, hi this county?
ind wanted to know if I would not go
ml with him Sunday to see him. On
Sunday I drove up to the general's
lOUse to get him, but before coining
ait to the buggy he went back to the
;rape arbor in the hack part of the
ard aud gathered a basket of grapes
o take with us for Fred. lie as
ertained from Fred the cause of his
rouble, and in a short lime had him
emoved to the soldiers' homo at
)ayton, ()."
jII/L ARP on Tlflj SSA5?N8.
le Rejoices in the Sunshine of
Spring and Drops into Poetry.
How inspiring is the earliest breath
f spring when nature like a blushing
mid is putting on her pantalets and
ireparing to hang her silken hair.
Vhat harmonious feelings spring up in
no's bosom and gush forth to all inan
ind. A balmy day Tills all the cham
bers of the soul with music that is not
icard and poetry that is not expressed.
Ipring is unlocking the (lowers. I see
wect violets peeping from their leafy
ictls and jonquils 'ifting their yellow
iclls to catch the sunshine. What a
cbuko to man is the innocence and
icauty of the, (lowers -what a contrast
oj cruelly and strife and selfishness,
.'he love of (lowers is refining and
(raws a man nearer to woman and to
leaven, and it is safe to say that what
ver a woman loves, a man had better
ove, or try to. Flowers, music and
nrds are given for our happiness.
L'hey are the extras of creation de
igned for our special pleasure. Pro
vidence would have withheld them if
le had not loved us. Or Ho might
uivc given us only the howling of the
vitals for music and buzzards for birds
ind dog-fennel for flowers. The love
>f 11 -vcrs is close akin lo the lovo of
diilo'ren.
Midam deStacl said that music was
,hc only thing upon the earth that we
would lind in heaven, for it was com
mon to angels and to man, but she
lideut know. If there are beautilul
tnansiODS and golden streets and gates
i)f pearl and treos whose leaves are for
the healing of the nations, why not
llowe.s? Spencer in Iiis 44 Faerie
Queen " says : 44 And is there care in
heauenand love in heavenly spiiits for
the llowors?"
Wads worth says:
" It is my faidi thai every (lower that
blooms
Knjoys the air it breaths."
The more uncultured and unrefined
a man is the less ho enres for flowers
and music aud birds. Cowp r says ho
would not number on his list of friends
the man who would uselessly tread
upon a worm. Shakespeare says the
m \n who bns no music in his soul is
lit for treason, strategems and spoils,
irtomcyeais ago 1 was trying to sell a
cottage homo to a rough man who
wanted to buy, and I pointed out the
beautiful roses that adorned the front
yard. He turned away carelessly and
said: "I don't care anything about
thorn sort of things. If I buy your
bouse you uccdent add ary cent for
blossoms." The poet says, 44 The
humblest flower that blooms gives
thought too keep for tears." Hut there
aro folks who care no moro for** beau
tiful flower than for an ugly weed.
" A Primrose by tho river's brim
A yel'ow primrose was to him,
And It was nothing, moio."
The poets In all ages have paid tri
buto to tho flowers. Ono of the mosi
beautiful poems ever written Its tbt
' 44 Ode to tho flowers," by Horaci
Smith. It is among the classics of oh
1 England.
* " Your voiceless lips are living preschen
> Kach cup a pulpit and eaoh loaf a book,
j ? ? ? ? ? *
3 " Floral anoatlet that in dewy splendor
. Weep without woe and blush without
8 crime."
1 Mrs. Hemana says:
' " The flowers whisper tho all fostering lov
e That clothed them Into beauty."
Longfellow says:
"They teach us by poreuasivc reasons
How akin thcv aro to human things.
* ? ? ? ? ?
" I 'm ill m i of our coming resurrection,
Emblems of the bright and bolter land."
But Mrs. lleinans siugs tho mos
fascinating songs to flowers?when sin
tires of O.ber subjects she cakes a res
on flowers:
" Bring llowers?fresh llawers fortiie bride
to wear,
They were born to blush In her shining
hair.
* ? ? * ? ?
' tiring flowers?pale Mowers o'er the biei
to shed,
A crown for the brow of the early dead.
* * ? ? * ?
" Bring flowers to the shrine where we
kneel In prayer,
They are nature's offering?their place i6
there.
* * # * # ?
" Bring Mowers to tho captive's longcly
cell.
Thcv have talcs of the joyous woods to
tell.
Shakespeare had a great heart for
flowers, and he knew I hem like a
botanist. There is not a common or
familiar one that he does not bring to
pleasant uso in some of his plays. How
pathetically ho laments the death of
Imogen :
" With fairest Mowers i'll sweelen thy Bad
grave.
Thou shalt not lack the tlowors that's like
thy face,
I'ale primrose?nor the a/.ur'd harebell
like thy veins?nor the leaf of eglan
tine that outswectcned not thy
breath."
There was a long time ago a ballad
about two lovers for whom two tlowers
were nutned, Margaret and Sweet Wil
liam. We have margarets among the
tlowers now, aud sweet Wilhams are
very common. What became of the
lovers is quaintly told in the old-time
verses:
"Margaret was buried in the lower |
chancel,
And William in the higher;
Out of htr breast there sprang a rose
bush,
And our of his a briar.
"They grow till they grew to the church
top,
And then they could grow no higher:
And mere they tied a true lovers' knot
Which made all people admire.1
As stern and solemn as was Moses,
the lawgiver, lie was not unmindful of
tho Deputy of flowers, for when ho
planned the lirst sa..etuary that was
set up in the wilderness he directed
that his cunning workmen should orna
ment the golden candlesticks with
carvings of flowers?open Mowers.
When Solomon desigued bis magnifi
cent temple the molten hi ass was orna
mented with representations of flowers,
and so was tho cedar eaived with
figures of open tlowers. Th>> Bible
makes mention Ol llowers, but not by
name, except the lily and the rose.
" I an. the rose of Sharon and the lily
of the valley." " Consider the lilies
how they grow. They toil not?neith
er do they spin; but Solomon in all his
glory was not arrayed like ono of
these."
I notice in a late New York paper
that the culture and sale of llowers has
largely"incfit?&iL. i? that city; that
forty years ago tho sitiO 'ailt?UlrtGw tO
only sixty thousaud dollars n year, and
that for the year just passed the sale
of roses alone was nearly six millions,
and that it was uot uncommon for a
millionaire to spend ten thousand dol
lars for llowers tor a single entertain
ment. This is a good sign, and may
help to save Sodom?I mean Gotham
?from destruction. I wiab that all
our public schools would encourage
the pupils to b'udy llowers. There is
a little simple botany that even a child
can understand, and it will tell them
why the kingly bouse of the Plantage
nets took its name from a llowcr?the
Scotch broom (planta genesfha) with
which Henry II had himself scourged
for a heinous crime. And why the
geranium means a cranes-hill and
eglantine a needle and nasturtium a
noso twister, etc. The origin of the
names of llowers is a funny hook to
me.
These school boys and girls keep
mo pretty busy nnswciing their ques
tions and doing their perplexing sums,
and most of them inclose stamps in
thoir letters. I will conclude this let
ter by giving them a sum:
A man sold n sow and pigs for eigh
teen dollars. Ho received as much
for ninu-tcuths of a pig as he did for
one-tenth of tho sow. How many pigs
did sho have." Bill Ari
Farmers and Fertilizers.?Just I
now farmers aro hauling out their for
tilizers, Tho majority of them will
buy manipulated goods ready for dis
tribution. Tho ordinary kind contains
8 percent phosporic acid, 2 percent am
monia, 2 per cent. poln9h. That is
known as 8, 2, 2. The NovemberI
prico of such fertilizers is 820 to
$23, according to tho varying por
cent of ingredients. If ono has I
tho cotton seed meal ho can mix his 1
i own fertilizer, and make it a little
I cheaper than tho above. Thoro is a |
general impression however that the
Ammonia from cotton seed meal is notl
n8 good for oorn aud cotton as that
which is made from animal matter. So
if you buy tho flnishod goods get that
whoso source of ammonia is from blood,
tankage, flsb scrap and the like. But
if you have tho cotton seed moal uso
that and do your own mixing.
2,000 pounds acid phosphate, 14 per
cent.
1,000 pounds cotton seed meal.
1,000 pounds km mi.
Mix these thoroughly and you will
have 7 1 2, 2, 3, an excellent all-round
fertilizer. Tho cost per ton, cotton
seed meal counted at 823 a ton cash,
will bo 817 25 to $17.75 a ton. Tho
farmers will have the trouble of mix
ing and resacking.?Spartan.
At Russell Springs, Logan County.
Kansas, tho young peoplo made ar
rangemonts to hold n dance on Wash
ington's birthday, engaged a hall ant
issued a hundred (r moro invitations
At tbe timo a revival was in progrosi
and boforo it was over tho ownor o
the hall was converted and decided i
was wrong to let his property for danc
pu: poses, and informed tho young poc
plo thoy would not bo allowed to uso ll
OABTOnXA.
ROSSER'S ESTIMATE OF I,F,F,
Strategy ot the Great Confederatt
Lender Who Defeated Grant.
(Jen. Thomas L. Rosser, of "Rugby,'
Alberniurie Co., Vu., has boon engaged
in writing and publishing a suites ol
papers on the war between the States,
and his concluding article is as fol
lows :
" The wisdom of General Lee's in
vasion of Pennsylvania in 1803 has
often been questioned by military men
as well as statesmen, hut when you
remember that at that time Grant held
General Pemberton by tho throat at
Vicksburg, and the*, hope of the ulti
mate success ot the Southern Confed
eracy was faint and dickering, you will
agree that the situution enlled for
desperate action.
" General Lee had gained au easy
victory over General Hooker at (-hau
cellorsville in early May, and having a
low estimate of his military ability, lie
felt that a victory over him north of
the Potomac was not beyond the bound
of reasonable hope, or even probability,
and the prospect was too templing to
bo disregarded.
Lee had lost his lieulenanl, Stone
wall Jackson, and while Longstrect
was with him, neither Ewell nor Hill,
who hud recently been promoted from
major to lieutenant-general, bad ever
commanded a corps in a battle, and
while Lee must have felt some anxiety,
if not misgivings conceruing them, he
had eonlidence in his superb army and
resolved to take the move, not as Na
poleon marched on Moscow in 1812,
but as Scipio (AlricaiiU'j) went to Car
Ihagc in 201 IL C, in order to loose
the hold on Virginia of the invading
army, and at the same timo strike a
blow which would awaken an echo to
be heard in Europe aud through
diplomacy, end the war in favor of the
Soulhern Confederacy.
General Lee planned to give battle
as near the range of South Mountain
as he could, so that in thecveut of dis
aster, as was the case, he could drop
back through the narrow mountain
passes in which he could resist the
enemy and avert pursuit.
Had General Lee declined battle on I
the 2d of July at Gettysburg, as (Jen- I
eral Longstrect claims he advised him, i
and Meade had been forced by a Hank
move of Lee, back on Washington,
and a battle fought aud Lee defeated ,
near Washington, his army would
doubtless have, been destoyed before
he could have reached a safe refuge in '
the mountains or recrossed the Poto
mac at the nearest ford, which was
west of the mountain. Therefore, Lee
acted wisely iu lighting where he did, 1
find the only mistakes be made were 1
laclieal, no: strategic, as shown in my J
previous letter. -
Had General Lee died at Gettysburg, <
lie would not have ranked in lnsloiy t
;is a great general. His victories over i
McClellan, Pope, Burusidonnd II oker i
would have been ascribed to the genius i
uf Stonewall Jackson, who participated
io gloriously in all of them, for we all t
remember that in the winter of 1801-2 l
General Lee did not acquit himself t
with credit in his campaign against i
Rosccrans in West Vii?inia, and the t
failure at Gettysburg with the danger- t
ous halt at Falling Water and Williams- 1
port, waiting for a freshet to run out i
of the Potomac so that he might pass
Iiis army over it, occasioned very un- t
favorable comment from many of our \
highest ollicers. ,k
General Lee was doubtless a great i
general, but his great military talent t
lid not shine out fully in all its radi- i
iint splendor until ho met General t
U. S. Grant in the Wilderness in the
spring of 1804.
General Lee had merely playod with ]
McClehan, Pope, Burnside and Hooker
?taking great liberty with them and
violating every maxim of war in his
campaigns against them?such, for iu- i
?dance, as going off after Pope and <
leaving McClellan mid Iiis line army on i
the James within ia day's march of I
Richmond, and in leaving Hooker in t
June, 18GI1, with an army double his i
own in number at Fredoricksburg, and i
marching around him to Culpcpcr? i
liberties which poor Hood mistook for I
strategy, and in trying to imitate them |
left the road open to Sherman, which
ho accepted, and inarch upon Atlanta
and the sea, while lie, poor fellow, was i
defeated at Franklin, Tenn., and had
to bo relieved of his command by Gen
eral Joe Johnston.
Lee does not appear to have gotten
strictly down to business until he was
confrouled by Grant, in the Wilderness
in the spring of 18(54.
General Grant wafc greatly surprised
when General Lee permitted him, un
molested, to cross the Rapidnn on the
4th of May, 18C4, with an nrmy of
154,000 men aud a train of 4,000 wa
gone,
Seeing nothing of Leo or his army,
Grant believed that he hud tied, ami
all he bad to do was to pursue, over
haul and destroy him. Ho little under
stood his great adversary. Leo was
thoroughly informed as to every move
Grant made, and when Grant begun,
on the morning of tho 5th of May, to
uncoil his great army, which lay in
many folds around Germania Ford,
and serpent-like, extend its liery and
bristling head through the dark jungles
of tho Wilderness, Leo, who was hold
ing his little army of 60,000 men massed
and well in hand on his ilank, fell upon
him with the fury of a cyclone, boating
him at every point', and compelling him
Iq recall Ins advanced corps and to pre
pare and light (ho two-daya' battles of
the Wildornoss in which General Lee
and his httlo army most signally tri
umphed.
General Grant now saw that in the
game of skillful manoouvcring be was
not a match for General Leo, and feel
ing that he could not drivo him out of
bis path, ho begun a sories of tho moBt
' remarkable tact leal evolutions over em
ployed on a battlellold.
[ Grant's nrmy was so much larger
than Lee's that bo could easily cover
! Leo's entire front, which ho did, but
- fearing Leo's superiority in general
t ship, he entrenched himself with as
much caro and caution as if ho were
tho defensive, instead of tho offensive
. leader. Holding a continuous en
" trenched line all along Lee's front
and pressing with a constant strain at
every point, ho hoped to bo ablo U
? slip Ins reserves from the rear and ox
tend thorn to Leo's right so as to go
in between him and Richmond and cu
I biru olY from his supplies. Rut as he
pursued this "earth-worm-like" move
ment of extending his head, and drarv.
lug up his tail, Lee kept pace with him,
and wherever the head of his army ap
peared, Lee was there to strike it. Thus
Grant edged ?long, and fought all the
way to Cold Harbor, where on the 1st
of,Inno, he found himself at a point
whence ho would either have to force
Lee's lines, or give, up the cry of " ()u
to Richmond " which had been the re
frain of the Army of the 1'otomac for
the past thirty days.
At Cold Harbor, Leo occupied tho
position which McClellan held on the
'27th of Juno, 1802, and Grant tho po
sition whichJ.ee held at the same tune,
and from which he attacked and drove
McClellur.. Here Grant made many
unsuccessful assaults OU Lee, and tin
ally despairing of success gave up the
job and entrenched in Leo's front.
To leave Cold Harbor with Lee in
possession ot it was to turn away from
Richmond; to persist in assaulting Lee
was human butchery without compen
satory punishment of Lee therefore
he gave up the assault, ordered up siege
trains and took up McClollan's methods
of zig-zag approaches as his only hope
of dislodging Lee and his little half
starved and half-clad army. But he
was so far from his base of navigable
water that he soon gave the siege up.
Grant, in his Memoirs, page '270,
Vol, II, says: "I have alwajs re
gretted that the assatdt at Cold Har
bor was made." His losses here were
so very heavy is the reason of his 11
regret, DO doubt.
Graut had been out-gencralcd by
Lee at every turn, and leaving Cold
Harbor he resumed Ins " crab dike " t
side movement, which enabled him to j
reach Petersburg, where, be found Lee i
confronting him as usual, and where t
no was compelled to resort to the zig- ,n
zag method of approach and mining, i
with the hope of making a breach in \
Lee's lines, but failing, enily in the
spring of 1800 he resinned his " crab- |c
like, earth-worm " movement by the
llank, and picssed on to Five Porks,
where ho succeeded in breaking the I i
last line over which Lee could gather 11
supplies for his army, and thus by de
stroying the kitchen hi starved the
[Treat and immortal army which with i
ill his mighty host he could not whip, o
Thomas L. Hosskh. b
TWO HISTORIC DOCUMENTS.
e
it
n
|y
ii
Wade Hampton's Eloqent Reply n
to Sherman's Infamous Detter. v
a
The following correspondence be- c
Aveen General Sherman, the modern i,
Duke of Alva, and General Wade b
Hampton, should he of interest to the i]
,nung men, not only of the South, but s<
>f the North as well. It shows some- ?
lung of the lirim and desperate deter- ,^
lunation of the Confederate soldiers f(
o protect the honor of Southern ladies
iven at the risk of war to the death.
The incident to which allusion is I
nade by General Hampton in this cor- tj
'espondence was an outrage committed q
it Feastevville by a lieutenant in Slier- f,
nan's army, who was soon afterward y
diot for it. He killed the father of
he house and the outrage which fol
owed left Ike boautiful daughter a I h
vhitc-haired imbecile, tl
It is because of OUlr?gGS like, this
hat Southern men cannot uudorstutu!
vhy sonic Northern people greet
?Southern guests with the air, " March
ng Through Georgia." They seem to (J
hink it appropriate. They would not c
f they knew what inhuman deeds it re- p
sails:
Headquarters in the Field, Fob.
24th, ISO.-).
Lieutenant General Wade Hampton,
Commanding Calvary Forces Con
federate States Army,
General: It is officially reported toI
me lluil our foraging parties are niur
lered after capture and labeled "Leuth
Lo all foragers." One instance of
lieutenant and seven men near Ches
lervillo, and another of twenty " near
t ravine eighty rods from the main
road," about three miles from Feast- I ^
erville. I have ordered a similar mini | c
ber of prisoners in our hands to be dis
posed of in like manner, 1 hold about
1,000 prisoners, captured in various
ways, und can stand it as long us you, j
Knd would suggest that you give notice t
to the people at huge that every lifo
taken by them simply results In the
death of ono of your Confederates. Of L a
course, you cannot question my right
to "forago on the country." It is a war
right as old ns history. The manner of I
exercising it varies with circumstances, j)
and if the civil authorities will supply
my requisitions I will forbid all fonig- "(
ing. But I can find no civil atliorltios j
w ho can respond to my calls for lorage (
or provisions; therefore, I must collect
directly of tho people. I have no | ]
doubt this is the occasion of much
misbehavior on the part of our men;
but 1 cannot permit an enemy to judge
or punish with wholesale murder. Per
sonally, I regret the bitter feelings en
gendered by this war, hut they were'
to be expected, and I simply allege
that those \\ ho struck the tlrsJ, Wow]
and made war inevitable, ought not in
fairness to reproach us for the natural
consequences. I merely assert our
war right to forage and my resolve to
j protect my foragers to the extent of
I life for lifo.
1 am, with respect, your obedient
I servant. W. T. Siikkman,
[Major General United Stales Army.
To this bombastic fulmination Gen
;ral Hampton returned tho following
answer:
Headquarters in tho Field, Feb. 20,!
1805.
Major Coneral W. T. Sherman, United
States Army.
General: Your communication of
I tho 24th instant reached me today.'
In it you statu that it has been Officially
reported that youi foraging parties are
j?? murdered after capture. You go on
to say that you have "ordered a similar
number of prisoners in our bands to bo
j disposed of in like manner," that is to
say, you have ordered a number of
i Confederate soldiers to bo "murdered."
You characterize your order in proper
terms, for tho public voico, even in
I your own country, whero it seldom
dares to cxprcaa itself in viudicution of
LI truth, honor, or justico will surely
jagrco with you in pronouncing you
guilty of murder if your order ia
Icarrlod out. Boforo dismissing this
portion of your lotter, I bog to nssurc
you that for every soldier of mini
"murdered" by you, I shall have ex
ecutcd at OUCU two of yours, giving n
all cases preforODCO to any officers will
may he in my hands.
In reference to the statement you
make regarding the death of youi
foragers, I have only to say that I
know nothing about it; that no orders
given b}' me authorize the killing of
prisoners after capture, aud that 1 do
not believe my men killed any of yours,
except under circumstances in which
it was perfectly legitimate and proper
that they should kill them. It is a
[part of the system of the thieves,
whom you designate as your foragt is,
to lire the dwellings of those citizens
whom they have robbed. To cheek
this inhuman system, which is justly
execrated by every civilized nation, I
have directed my men to shoot down all
of your men who are caught burning
houses. This order shall remain in
force as long as you disgrace the pro-,
fession of arms by allowing your men
to destroy private dwellings.
You say that I cannot of course
qutsliou your right to forage on the
country??? it is a right as old as ins
lory." I do not, sir, question this
light. Mut there is a right older even
than this, and one more inalienable?
the right that every man has to defend
his home and to protect those who are
dependent upon him; and from my
heart, I wish that every old man and
boy in my coun'.iy who can lire, a gun
would shoot down as he would a wild
beast, the men who are desolating their
and, burning their homes and insult
ng iheir women.
You are particular in di lining and
'burning " war rights." May 1 ask if
,'ou enumerate among these the right
o lire upon a defenceless city without
lotice; to burn that city to the ground
ifter it had been surrendered by the
?habitants, who claimed, though in
rain, that protection which is always
iccorded in civilized warfare to non- ,
combatants* to lire the dwelling houses '
if citizens after robbing them*, audio j
lerpotrate even darker crimes than ]
hese ?crimes too black to be men- i
ioned. 1
You have permitted, it" yon have not ,
rdered the, commission of these of- t
ences against humanity and the rules <
f war; you tired on the city of Colum- I
da without a word of warning; after j
Is surrender by the mayor, who de
landed protection to private property, i
oil laid the whole city in ashes, leav- ,
ag amidst its nuns thousands of old t
ten and helpless women and children, 1
idio aie likely to perish of starvation |
nd exposure. Your line of march t
an be traced by the lurid light of
Urning houses, t ml in more than one (
OUsehold there is now an agony worse
linn that of death. The Indian i
salpcd his victim regardless of age or
ex, but with all his barbarity ho al
ays respected the persons of his
male captives. Your soldiers, more I
ivage than the Indian, insult those 1
diose natural protectors are absent. '
In conclusion, I have only lo request 1
tiat whenever you have any of my '
icn "murdeied" or "disposed of," 1
jr the terms appear synonymous With I
on, you will let nie hear of it, that I
my know what action to take iu the 1
miter. In the meantime I shall hold 1
(ty-six of your men as hostages for *
nose you have ordered lo be executed. 1
I am yours, clc,
\\ a di Hampton,
Lioutcuant-Genoral. f
In the face of this threat of retalia- 1
ion it is safe to say that Sherman re- 1
onsidered his ill-advised proposition
0 "murder" his defenceless prison*
rs.
IEROIC SERGEANT JASPER
Iis Gallant Conduct at Port Moul
trie and Ills Death at Savan
nah.
Mr. George Armistcud Lenken
/rites to the Baltimore Hun as follows:
Two events associated with Sulli
?an's [slail.l render that locality histo
ical. On September 1854, when
lie ocean was apparently calm, a dull
ontinuou8 sound indicated a coming
toriU, and on the next day the tempest
a -ie, sweeping away the collages and
ubmcrgiug the entire island, except
?'oil Mollltric. where (itjO people spent
ho weary night until the morning
eveillo announced the retreat of the
\l lau tic wave and tho prospect of
ipeedy succor. Many years have
mssed, but the impression of that oc
aision is indelible.
On June 28, 177<'?, Tort Moullrio,
milt ol palmetto logs, was attacked by
i British licet, and in the midst of the
autle Sorgt. William Jasper dls
inguished himself by recovering the
lag which had fallen on the beach and
aus in danger of capture Alone he
leaped from the rumpui is^ud iu the
light of tho whole licet replaced it on
Lhu bastion amid the cheers which
welcomed his return.
On tho next day ^GOV. Rutlodgc rc
Watded Jasper for his valor by pie
Bcnling him with his own handsome,
small sword, thanking him in the name
of his country. lie also offered him a
lieutenant's commission, but our hero,
who could neither read nor write,
modestly refused it, saying: " 1 am
not lit 10 keep officers' company; I am
but-a, sergeant."
Subsequently engaged in successful
partisan warfare, Jasper was mortally
wounded on October !?, 1770? during
an assault on Savannah, under the
following circumstances, described by
tho historian: "The colors of the
Second South Carolina Regiment,
which hat been presented by Mrs.
Elliott just after the battle of Fort
Moullrio, were borne by Lieut. Bush,
supported by Sorgt, Jasper, under the
inspiring leadership of Col. Lumens,
and planted on the slope of the Spring
hill redoubt. At the sound of 'retreat'
Jasper, already sorely wounded while
trying to place on the parapet the ling
which had been shot down, received
his death wound. He, however, seized
tho colors from tho triumphant enemy
and bore ihem from the, bloody field."
Major (lorry, who was witlt the ser
geant, relates tho following conversa
tion ! " I have got my furlough, and
(pointing to his sword) Ibis sword win
presented to mo by Gov. Rutludge foi
OA8TOIIIA.
Two hundred bushels of po
i tatoes remove eighty pounds
' ?v?, of "actual "Potash from the
soil. Unless this quantity
\. is returned to the soil,
'.. the following crop will
; .. materially decrease.
- ? '
. f*gTl ?"'V?' Wi! have books lollinu ?l>otit
v " Comuos.il ion, iim- ami value ?I
'.i'i't'?. KW-'*' lertili/ers lor various crops.
Vv?V^. 5v':*^-, They ure sent free.
'^^H^-At;KinlAN KAI I WORKS,
V^t^jr^ New York.
^^^^^^
my services in defeuding Fort Moul
trio. Givo it to niy falber and tell
htm I have worn it with honor. It ho
should weep, loll him Iiis son died with
the hope Of a hotter life. Tell Mrs.
Elliott 1 died supporting the colors of
my regiment."
There is some Uncertainty as to Jas
per's burial. Perhaps it might bo said
of him, as of Corunna's Victor (once
an cnoigu) :
Not a ilium was heard or a funeral
note
As his corpse to the ramparts we I
hurried;
Not a soldier discharged his farewell
shot
O'er the grave when; our hero was
buried.
On February 22, 1888, there was a
double commemoration in Savanunb.
The streets wore thronged with res
idents and visitors from the country,
residents were inarching to inspiring
music, the platform was occupied by I
tionorcd guests and olllcials, an olo
lUOllt oration was given to listening
crowds by Gov. John B. Cordon, the
veil was removed and there stood in
bold relief the statue of .Jasper uplift
ing the fallen colors.
After, such an occasion C?o, the
muse of history, might exclaim: " 11
laspor could not read or write he ccr
ainly has 4 made his mark' in the
beautiful monument in Savannah's
?ark and in (he seven counties which
gladly perpetuate his name."
ZENSUS OF COTTON GINNING.
\ New Method to Obtain the Statis
tics ot the Cotton Crop.
Various efforts have been made to I
lerfccl agencies for securing early and I
rustworthy information as to the
man Uly of cotton annually grown in
he fjuitcd States, with a view to re
lucing to a minimum the lluctuutions
ncidotlt to an industry so greatly do
tendcut upon supply and demand.
Statistics of Ibis crop Uicd in com
norcial (-enters have to do with the
iOttOU as marketed during each year
mding August 31, and are gathered
/ery largely through repotts of trans-1
lortation lines touching the cotton
Iclds. So long as it was safe to ns
lUme that practically the whole of the
mil on crop reached its market through
.hose common carriers, their reports
constituted a fairly trustworthy basis
for estimates of tho commercial crop,
but, as much cOttOQ now goes directly
from the fields to Hie mills without
passing through the, hands of transpor
tation companies, this means of gather
ing cotton statistics is annually becom
ing more and more unsatisfactory. All
returns are made in commercial bales,
which is an unsatisfactory unit of mens
inc. During the past century ihcl
a crage weight of the commercial bale
more than doubled. In some sections]
the cotton bale now means the square I
package averaging in weight 4081
pounds. In other regions it means a
bale of 100 pounds, while in still othci
localities is found the round hale aver
aging ?J?'.l pounds. None of the means)
hitherto employed has reported the j
number and weight of these divers
kinds of commercial bales. The rela
tive number of square and round bales I
is changing and with Uns the average
weight of lh? ordinary unit, tho com
mercial bale, is being modified. Hence,
the importance of substituting a fixed I
unit like a pound for a variable unit of I
measure like a bale, thus enabling the
country to know the actual quantity of
cotton produced.
Behoving that the reports of cotton
ginners, showing tho number and aver
ago weight of the hales passing through
their bunds during a given year, would
afford trustworthy statistics, the United
Stales Census Ollice has by correspon
dence- -nnd through the enumerators
obtained from each ginning establish
ment of Urn1 Country a report of the
quantity of cotton handled of the ciop
of 1800.
Tlic attempt to obtain the statistics
of'the cotton crop through this ngCUCV
has been so successful,and the method
promises to develop statistics so much
more complete and satisfactory than
thoso heretofore adopted that the Di
rector of the Census has decided to
undertake an annual census of tho cot
ton crop through the direct cooperation
of the ginners.
Tho success of this annual cotton
crop report must depend altogether
upon the promptness and accuracy
With which reports are received. As
the information solicited is very largely
for the benefit of the COjbton ginners
and cotton growers, it is believed that
the ginners will cordially respond to
(ho eft'oits of the Census Office 10 ren
der this service to the South and to nil
those interested in its great staple.
The Consul) Ollico is now undertak
ing to obtain the facts regarding tin
cotton crop of 1000, through blankl
mailed to the cotton dinners. TllCSi
inquiries Should bo promptly and no.
curately answered and returned a
once in the franked envelope, whicl
I requires DO postage. Cinners will DO
fail to seo that tho success of this in
[ quiry will redound greatly to thei
benefit, and they should be prompt t
report to tho Bureau the names am
addresses of new ginning establish
moats, as well as nny changes In th
? management of old ones.
" SLAVERY BY CONTRACT."
Senator John I/. McLaurln Inter
viewed on the Anderson Matter.
Washington Tost.
A uumber of. prominent citizens of
South Carol!, a have been interviewed
mi the matter of the stockade labor ex
posures in Audersoti County. Senator
rillmau, Congressman Latimer and
others have given their views, aud
there has been no defense of the con
dition of affairs, although being rnmil
inr with tho local situation, these gen
tlemen have been able to show that no
such condition exists as a system ami
that its operation was con lined to An
derson County.
A representative of The Post bad a
talk with Senator John L. McLnuriu,
<>t South Carolina, yesterday morning,
and while the SonntOI in nowise de
fends the. Anderson County outrages,
he offered some new suggestions,
which are most interesting in Unit con
nection :
%t In the Ii ist place,'' said the Sena
tor, '? the Philadelphia Nor li Ameri
can has unwittingly done the. colored
? ?I. i- n gn ai injustice it) its rcprcscuta
lions tli.it as a rnco its members in
South Carolina urn willing to ? con.
'ruei' themselves into practical shivery,
-r to submit to such a thing under the
duress of u few men in one of the
forty-live counties in South Carolina.
As a matter of tact, the trilling, va
grant, criminal class of negroes who
dcttso themselves out ' arc very poor
representatives of tho self-respecting,
industrious and thrifty negroes in South
Carolina and throughout tlin South,
?lust think what kind of men they are
who would, either voluntarily or under
otio-inau durccs, deliberately sign a
contract agreeing to be worked with
convicts, or without convicts, under
guard, and Stipulate thai their em
ployers are to lock them up at night.
No Western or Northern mini knows,
even remotely, what ibis class of ne
groes are.
??The uegrocs|Xorth and West, are,
as a i nie, hotel waiters, bin hers,
drivers ; this is absolutely true of the
great majority of negroes in the South,
?roth in the towns aud in tho country.
We in the cotton State have, however,
a class of utterly worthless,degraded,
thieving negro boys who run away
from their deserving parents sind re
latives on the farms and go into the
towns and cities, where they bung
around and soon become not only va
grants, but criminals. The police soon
find them out, and after a. trial before
a justice of the peace or a mayor, they
are sentenced to a term in jail. As
strange us it may seem, they frequent
ly greet such a sentence, with intense
gratification, as it relieves them, for a
time, from their usual uncomfortable
midnight sleeping places on cotton
platforms, in dry goods boxes, otlice
hallways, etc., and gives them shelter,
a cot and two or three meals a day,
none of which they would work for. It
is from their condition and from this
class of the colored race in the cotton
State that the. abuses in Anderson
County have arisen. Men with large
farms to manage, in sonic instances,
will go on bond for one of these boys,
get him out of jail, and wv?rk him on
his faun under contract. Even that
plan, by no means defensible, if the
labor contract is like those iu Ander
son county, is not so hard in vie* of
the class of the race (not the race) it
involves, il kind treatment and justice
were meted out to the theretofore va
grant criminal,
" Is it any wonder, however, that
the class of negro I have described
would agree to work with convicts,
under guard, and consent to be locked
up at night?
" How manifestly unjust to the
colored race in the South and in the
nation it is to class this low element of
the race with negroes of the .Unison
Lyons and Hooker Washington type.
This low element does not represent
the characteristics, the hopes, or the
possibilities of the race as it is known '
and appreciated in the South. It is
not a race question. It may as well
be said thai because thousands of
I Ihinamcn are du ty, low, offensive, and
ignorant, Minister Wt cannot be a
gentleman, Or that tho dago anar
chists of Patterson, N. J., are. as prop
er representatives ol the Italian nice
as Ambassador Fava, Or that the
Pennsylvania soldiers, who, on in
auguration day, committed so many
outrageous and disgraceful acts in
Washington, are the proper repre
sentatives of the while people of
Pennsylvania. No, indeed. Only
Southern people, including respectable
colored men and women, appreciate
that there tire classes among the
colored race, as well as among the
while race, be they Americans, Ger
mans, French, Indiana, Japanese, or
Chinese.
I "One oilier thing which occurs to
mo," continued tho Senator, "is i he,
fact thai it is not appreciated outside
of the South how absolutely depen
dent the cotton planter Is up mi the
ignorant, unorganized colored laborer.
Where labor is organized the rules,
requirements, character, and esprit du
corps of the membership itself pro
tects those who hire labor and such a
thing as guarding labMrors or locking
them up to keep them from running
away or from setting your gin, stable,
or boilSO On lire is unheard of and un
necessary. Hut the irresponsible,
ignorant. and unorganized negro help
requires, at least in n measure, a strong
ami restraining hand.
" As the better element of negroes
increase, in their influenco over the.
lower class Of their race, and a great
responsibility rests upon them, and as
tho Northern and Western people be
come more genuinely familiar with the
conditions which actually exist in the
South, the situation will becomo better
ind better, and the colored race, m >ro
responsible and useful iu exercising its
citizenship."
CJA.BTOTIIA..
Bean the j) ^9 Kind You Have Always Bought
x nick SPftlNut ?et- OB* OLOTHR9
Will ho gtvon free to anyone who will
hell only oil packets Heeds for us at 5c.
each No money required in advance.
Write- us a postal spying you aceept thin
Offer, and we will mail tho Heeds to you at
ones, r. j. kino CO., Seedsmen.
Richmond, Va.