Mill, British philosopher, political economist and Member of Parliament (1865-1868). -- Villard, German born, became an American journalist, financier and industrialist. At the time of this letter he was the secretary (1868-1870) of the American Social Science Association.

John Stuart Mill was born in London, and received a strenuous home schooling from his father, philosopher James Mill, as an experiment in education; by the age of fourteen, John Stuart Mill had received the equivalent of a university education and the philosophical background to question and think for himself. For many years he worked for the British East India Company, and later served in Parliament. As a writer and thinker, his influence on 19th-century Britain is staggering; the main thrust of his intellect was the improvement of the human race. His logic, passion, and moral sense combine to make not only persuasive arguments, but desirable conditions. He has been called "the voice of 19th-century liberalism."

From the description of John Stuart Mill letters and carte-de-visite, 1867-1868. (Pennsylvania State University Libraries). WorldCat record id: 67612936

English philosopher.

From the description of Review of a philosophical work by Hippolyte Taine : autograph manuscript signed : [n.p., n.d.]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270858303

From the description of Autograph letter signed : London, to Mr. Courtney, 1873 Mar. 15. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270845296

Drawings document existing structures as they existed in 1810 rather than proposed buildings. Floor plans are similar, but not identical, to floor plans published in An Acount of the New-York Hospital (1811).

From the description of [Architectural drawings for the New York Hospital and New York Asylum for the Insane] [graphic] / John Mill. 1810. (Boston Athenaeum). WorldCat record id: 71514461

John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher and economist. His father had him educated in utilitarian philsophy from the age of three. In 1843 he wrote "System of Logic", which applied economic doctrines to social problems. He also wrote "On Liberty and the Subjection of Women". He wrote on parliamentary reform and advocated women's suffrage. Henry Cole (1808-1882) was a fellow-contributor to the London review. He wrote books on architecture under the pseudonym Felix Summerly. He worked for twenty years at the Victoria and Albert Museum and in 1875 he was knighted in recognition of his public work.

From the guide to the [Diary of a walking tour] MS 0049., 19 July-6 August 1832., (Mount Holyoke College Archives and Special Collections)

Philosopher; wrote for newspapers beginning in 1823; published A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive in 1843; served in Parliament in 1865.

From the description of John Stuart Mill papers, 1812-1888 (inclusive). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 702166720

James Mill, 1773-1836, was educated in Edinburgh by Sir John Stuart of Fettercain, and was licensed to preach in 1798. He moved to London in 1802 and supported his family by writing. He became editor of the 'Literary Journal' in 1803 and the 'St James Chronicle' in 1805, and also wrote for the 'Edinburgh Review' from 1808 to 1813. In 1808, Mill met Jeremy Bentham, was converted to his utilitarian philosophy, and abandoned theology. Thereafter, Mill took an active part in the Bell and Lancaster educational controversy and formed an association to set up a Chrestomathic school in 1814, the outcome of this being the formation of the London University in 1825. He also contributed articles to the 'Westminster Review', which was established as the official Benthamite paper. He was also connected with David Ricardo and took part in meetings at Ricardo's house which resulted in the Political Economy Club being founded in 1820.

John Stuart Mill, 1806-1873, was educated by his father, James Mill, to a very high level at an early age. Like his father he was a staunch utilitarian and he was also active in radical causes. In 1823, he formed the Utilitarian Society, which met to read and discuss essays, in 1825, he edited Bentham's 'Rationale of Judicial Evidence' and in 1826, he assisted in the formation of the Speculative Society. By the 1830's, John Stuart Mill had become interested in the work of romantic writers such as Wordsworth and also in the French Revolution. The 1832 Reform Bill seemed to give an opportunity for the Radicals to gain influence in Parliament and much of his energy at this time was given over to this. In 1835 he founded the 'London Review' which merged with the 'Westminster Review' in 1836. As proprietor from 1837-1840 he tried to use the paper to promote the philosophical radicals and their cause in Parliament. However by 1840 he had been unable to achieve his end and so gave up proprietership of the paper. The 1840s were devoted to writing his great works on logic and economics. In 1851, he married Harriet Taylor, who died in 1858. He was elected MP for Westminster in 1865 and served as a radical. He was a supporter of the 1867 Reform Bill and was active in support of the Labour Movement, the extension of the franchise to women, cumulative voting, Irish land reforms, municipal government for London and became embroiled in the Eyre controversy. He also proposed the Hare plan as an amendment to the Representation of the People Bill but failed in an attempt to obtain the vote for women. After he lost his seat in 1868, he continued to write articles and books and completed a revision of his autobiography before his death.

Harriet Taylor (nee Hardy), 1807-1858, was the daughter of a London surgeon. At the age of eighteen, she married John Taylor, a wealthy businessman. She and her husband were both active in the Unitarian Church and held radical political views. Harriet Taylor first met John Stuart Mill in 1830. During their association she worked closely with him contributing suggestions and revisions to his work. She was particularly influential in forming his ideas on women's rights, making him aware of the hardship suffered by women. In 1833, Harriet Taylor separated from her husband. He died of cancer in 1849, and two years later, she married John Stuart Mill.

Helen Taylor, 1831-1907, the daughter of Harriet Taylor, became companion to John Stuart Mill on the death of her mother in 1858. She assisted him in his work and helped to keep alive his interest in women's rights. She also campaigned in her own right on women's suffrage, the social position and education of women. She was a member of the Moral Reform Union and a leading light in the fight to abolish school fees and provide school meals.

John Stuart Mill, philosopher, and the eldest-son of James Mill (1773 - l836), a utilitarian philosopher, was born in Pentonville, London, on May 20, 1806. Mill was sternly educated by his father in Greek, Latin, and arithmetic by his eighth year. At twelve years, he began studying logic, including Aristotle and Hobbes. In May 1820, he became a serious scholar of French, while living with Sir Samuel Bentham (1757 - 1831) in France.

In 1822, Mill went to work for the East India Company, a position that gave him much time for study and discussion. He began writing for newspapers by 1823, his first article being a letter in the Traveller .

Mill suffered a mental breakdmm in 1836, which caused evaluation of the utilitarian philosophy and the beginning of his great works. A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive appeared in two volumes in l843.

In 1830, Mill met Mrs. Harriet Taylor (1807 - 1858), who was at the time married; however, Mr. Taylor died in 1849; and in 1851, J.Vlill and Harriet _Taylor were married. Both were ill during the majority of their marriage, and Mrs. Mill died of lung congestion in Avignon, 1858. Mill returned to intellectual pursuits and politics; he served Parliament in 1865, but was defeated in 1868. Mill died May 8, 1873, in Avignon.

From the guide to the John Stuart Mill papers, 1812-1888, (Manuscripts and Archives)