A projection of annual increase in air traffic of 4% to 2020 will exceed current capacities within a decade. Air traffic controllers are greatly challenged to handle this growth in air traffic on present approaches. Automation aids via new technologies and procedures are being developed to assist controllers to better monitor the air traffic and make decisions accordingly. Even so, air traffic controllers may still lose their situational awareness by failing to observe the appropriate flight parameters or data within the tactical control timeframe. Such problems are further compounded owing to the fatigue of controllers in an increasingly forseeable congested airspace. This paper presents a proposed approach via a real-time bio-signal interface of radar controllers, where their visual monitoring behaviour and mental workload is captured during tactical control. These data are then processed and converted into eye tracking metrics and Electroenchepahogram (EEG) workload levels which serve to guide and alert controllers on their active monitoring engagement with the traffic situations on display. Preliminary tests revealed that the approach is able to time stamp, track and replay the eye movement location accurately to within 0.5 degree angular deviation on 2K monitor display while assessing the mental workload during every second of operation. On number of eye fixation counts, gaze duration and EEG workload levels, noticeable difference in their monitoring behaviour when dealing with varying traffic flow at crossings could be observed.

In this age of big data, there is a discrepancy between limited display space on devices and the virtually unlimited information available to the user. This research focused on this contradiction, which we have called “space limitations”. This study employs the theories of working memory and cognitive load in two experiments that investigate the consistency of temporal order and space series to seek possible spatial representation methods for dynamic temporal order information. Using the judgments of the relative recency experiment paradigm, this study collected data on working memory performance and eye movement for consistency or inconsistency of temporal order and spatial sequence under two different conditions of system complexity. Data analysis revealed that the information of temporal order and spatial sequence were stored separately in working memory. However, in the complex system conditions, the sequence features of temporal order and spatial sequence were related, and an ordered spatial sequence improved the recall of the temporal order of information. Therefore, to improve cognitive performance, we should consider the orderly arrangement of the spacial position during the process of temporal order information visualization.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has the ability to understand the emotions and expression of other people to identify obstacles, one of which is to recognize the emotional signal. This study attempted to capture the basic emotion feeling in the Video-Based Advertising (VBA) video scene and Stop-Motion Video with Advertising (SMV). Then, it were adopting the Multiple Baseline Across Behaviors Design, focusing on a wide range of nonverbal social hints to promote cognitive attitudes and cognition in children with autism. We designed an auto emotional menu (AEM) to help children with ASD improve their emotional identification ability and make it easier for them to operate answered correctly mood. A speech-generating device (SGD) with AEM designs was intervened on twelve children with ASD, and their improvements were assessed to compare the effects of the AEM intervention strategy. A multiple baseline design and reversal design were used. We studied the effects of two types of advertising videos: Video-Based Advertising (VBA) and SMV, from all developing children (n = 38) and those with ASD (n = 12). Evaluating the differences in their manipulation of AEM judgments to match different facial expression data with the paired mood response. to communicate with others and their accuracy rate, improved their involvement in moods expressed by AEM, and identified facial cues from two different kinds of graphic emoticons.

One of the largely important focuses in Air Traffic Control (ATC) operations is radar-based operation in enroute facilities. Many aspects in enroute facilities including airspace and Air Traffic Controller (ATCO) factors need to be further investigated in dealing with the continous air traffic increase. Moreover, ATCOs mental workload and emotion were two important constructs that need to be continually assessed to deal with the increase. This study aims to examine the effects of different enroute factors including number of crossing, traffic flow, and separation on ATCOs' perceived and physiological mental workload and emotion as well as to assess the relation between ATCOs' physiological and perceived mental workload and emotion. The results revealed that the number of crossing significantly affect ATCOs' mental workload. Regarding the mental workload and emotion assesments, ATCOs perceived mental workload was generally higher than their physiological mental workload. However, ATCOs perceived emotion was more positive than their physiological emotion. Further, high mental workload was highly associated with negative emotion in enroute ATC environment. This study offers several implications for human performance enhancement in future ATC operations including investigation of airspace factors, appropriate assessment methods, as well as ATC system design for positive emotion.

Lower limb rehabilitation robot has showed great potential in improving human walking ability. The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in human muscle activity of the lower limb while walking with different patterns. In order to meet the individual needs of different kinds of patients with lower limb dysfunction, an end-effector hybrid rehabilitation robot concept with multi-degree freedom is designed based on human factor. Human-robot coupling model is established in the AnyBody Modeling System, inverse dynamic analysis of movement and muscle activity of the human body is simulated. Effects of gait trajectory and the degree of freedom simplification of rehabilitation robot on human physiological parameters are discussed. The results indicate that foot trajectory, ankle posture, and mobility of robot is of vital importance and can be realized according to specific human factor in rehabilitation robot design and trajectory planning. Analysis methods and results are meaningful for lower limb rehabilitation robot design and rehabilitation evaluation.

This paper presents a general model for businesses to work with their engineering assessments to challenge fluctuating requirements which is the result of a recently finished research project. The model is presented together with a case study of a company with a product that continuously is and must be adapted to a changing market to be alive at all. The company has developed a streamlined development process that is configured based on current needs from time to time. One keystone to make the mass customization possible to this company is the augmented synthesis and the automated assessment of the product variants rendered through the configured development process. The automated process of making the assessments and how it connects to the general model is also presented in the paper.

To design driven innovation strategy furniture firms, diversified product design can improve the market competitiveness on the one hand, and may cause the disturbance of the brand identity and the increase of production cost on the other hand. How to effectively reduce the production cost on the premise of increasing product diversity and remaining the brand identity is one of the major challenges faced by the modern furniture manufacturing enterprise. In this paper, a total of 199 types of chair products from 8 international well-known furniture enterprises were selected as research objects. Case studies were applied to investigate the relationship between the three indicators mentioned above. On this basis, modern chair innovative design approaches and corresponding realization paths were discussed.

Designing stamping dies assemblies must obey strict rules and requires a lot of technological knowledge and experience. Designed dies exhibit strong similarity and the process, in spite of the complexity and the need to take into account the specifics of pressed shape, is repeatable. Therefore, the design of stamping dies assemblies can be accelerated by applying Generative Modeling method. The paper presents the process of building Generative Model of stamping dies assemblies in the environment of Siemens NX Knowledge Fusion. In addition, the paper presents a method of building a engineering knowledge base for stamping dies assemblies and the user interface for controlling elaborated Generative Model. Knowledge base and its conceptual model is adapted to acquire knowledge from experts by significantly simplifying the structure of the knowledge base and the use of common computer tools. In addition, the results of Generative Model verification and the process of improvement in the performance on the basis of practical design tasks and the introduction of changes resulting from errors that occur during verification are presented. The constructed Generative Model includes knowledge base, software written in Knowledge Fusion and the user interface. The paper also shows the benefits of using Generative Models in designing stamping dies assemblies.

Bamboo gets favors of designers around the world because of its unique physical properties, art form, the cultural implication and ecological significance. Japan absorbs Chinese bamboo culture, together with inherent Japanese bamboo culture, forming a unique Japanese bamboo culture. With abundant bamboo resources, Japan is leading the world in terms of bamboo product design and development. It is crucial to take advantage of advanced technologies to accelerate the development of bamboo culture. This study attempts to analyze the characteristics of Japan bamboo product design to provide the reference direction of bamboo product design development to China and even the world.

This study aims to systematically identify the problems of packaging design with 6th industrialized agro-food and to prepare improvement plans. The research method is to collect the 5 experts' evaluative opinions about the packaging design of the 41 agro-food products and to analyze systematically using Nvivo 11, qualitative data analysis software. The significance of this study is that it provides an empirical basis for improving the packaging design and that it suggests a methodology for logical analysis through qualitative research using unstructured data on design evaluation in the field of design.

Environmental and economic capability of current organic waste processor is need to be promoted under the background of advocating the development of circular economy. And thus a new design of organic waste processor integrated grinding and granulating is proposed through the application of TRIZ theory and the analysis of organic waste resource characteristics. This would effectively solve problems of resource waste and secondary pollution caused by current organic waste processor. And the operation efficiency can be improved. All this can provide references for other applications of this product.

This study took used the example of LED lighting units that have two types of morphological characteristics and performed a categorization of similiar products based on their functional similiarity. And the study was carried out with the goal of creating a criteria that can assist in the initial directionality settings for development when developing a lighting unit by extracting the categorization typicality by classification pattern. A total of 3 rounds of surveys were conducted: the 1st round included the morphological classifications, the 2nd round the typicality extraction and the 3rd round design attributes be consecutive design. The surveys were about LED lighting unit products that were released prior to July 2016 and were administered in 6 major cities throughout Korea to people who had either been employed in related industries or who majored in the subject. The surveys were conducted based on the criteria of functional and morphological classifications and formative principles. By conducting joint research with a business to determine the industrial application of the research results, such tangible effects could be expected such as the establishment of effective roles for design technology and the classification of typical models.

With the advances in computer technology, graphical interfaces improve substantially software operability and readability. Good icon converts series of complex system commands into an intuitive symbol and enhances software usability by reducing users' cognitive load. In this paper, we study the semantics of universal symbols, the Time to Fixation Mean and Heat Map are carried out by the eye-tracking experiment, then the corresponding icons are designed according to the results of eye-tracking experiment, finally we analyze the efficiency (Reaction time and accuracy) of user's recognition in the e-prime experiment. This paper provides designer with a design method of icons after a quantitative verification.

Prototyping stage is a very important phase of new product development, where many decisions need to be taken to get high quality, zero defect products at the right time with minimum cost. Therefore, any value added improvements or best practices in the prototyping stage will support competitiveness of manufacturing companies. This research aims to benchmark the best practices in prototype part manufacture to support early stages of product introduction. A set of of best practices in the prototype component manufacture, along with validated four step prototyping strategy model and best practice prototype journey path model were developed. Research findings provide insight about prototyping trends, best practices and optimum ways of doing prototyping in the manufacturing companies around the globe. Manufacturing companies can use the developed models and best practices to make better prototype strategy in their new product introduction system to achieve their business objectives.

In practical production system, the equipment may shift randomly from working state to the failure state with age deterioration. As the effect of aging on the deterioration rate of most repairable equipment cannot be ignored, and preventive maintenance (PM) activities can only be able to restore part of the performance and corrective maintenance (CM) is performed after failure, efforts should be devoted to combination of PM and CM under age-based policies. This paper considers maintenance scheduling problem with multiple maintenance modes. The objective of this paper is to determine the proper maintenance sequences while minimizing the total cost under equipment age deterioration. This paper develops a model to solve the problem described and uses a yard crane maintenance case to discuss the impact of reliability range parameter.

PI – Definition, Principle, Methodology and Application" clearly tells about the contents of paper, which defines meaningful product identity for corporate with concrete project which followed theoretical and practical preparation on PI building. PI project is composed mainly of three phases: informing, modelling and Transformation. Informing phase collects and analyses inputs, Modelling phase builds a pattern using keywords system reflecting a defined CI, while Transformation phase translates the working model into entities applicable to product features, which lead to a set of guidelines. Conclusion: we can build our product identity model on three levels: atmospheric, categorical and characterizing; And PI guidelines can benefit both in-house designers and project leader to orientate confidently and acquire efficiently their wished results representing definite corporate culture.

Healthcare system plays an important role in our daily life. A well operated healthcare system not only can save lives but also provide good work environment to medical staffs. However, most of the healthcare systems suffer from high workload of medical staff and low customer satisfaction. In addition, the stochastic nature of healthcare services is hard to evaluate the performance. Therefore, this study aims to implement lean management in the healthcare system with lean techniques and a stochastic model to achieve both customer satisfaction and waste reduction simultaneously. The first step is analysis of the current process and collect data to clarify the current status by quality management practices and lean tools. Further, a stochastic mathematical programming model is developed to optimize the performance of this healthcare system. Simulation results show that the efficiency of process flow after leveling is improved about 19.97%, idle ratio of work station is improved about 41.64% and 22.47% and the average flow time is improved about 4 minutes. A health examination center case is applied to demonstrate the benefit of the proposed method. This study might be the first study which implement lean and stochastic characteristics of healthcare system in a mathematical model. This model can serve as a decision support system and can be apply to other service system in lean improvement.

Brand is generated when cognitive connection, value evaluation and emotional engagement are done by customers and introduce the brand into their personal self-concepts. As the development of social media platforms, customers interact with brand enterprises, communicate with other customers as well as release their evaluation of the brands through those platforms, which leads to the generation of a large amount of user-generated contents (UGC). Previous studies have proved that customers' interaction and communication on social media platforms have a positive influence on brand equity. In this paper, the author collates, analyzes and summarizes previous studies, constructs an integrated framework based on the constitution of brand equity in an environment with abundant social media platforms and systematically discusses the structure of brand identification as well as its influence on brand equity. Using an empirical research approach, the study shows the mediating effect UGC has on brand equity.

The cockpit console is an important part in the deep-sea human occupied vehicle (HOV). The comprehensive evaluation of HOV cockpit console is a multi-target and multi-hierarchical decision-making process. In this paper, a multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on gravity center is proposed which can improve the accuracy of the evaluation. Firstly, the ergonomics evaluation index system of HOV cockpit console is established according to the characteristics of HOV console. Secondly, the combination weight of index is calculated by expert subjective weighting method and standard deviation method, meanwhile, the appraisal matrix is constructed based on the theory of fuzzy gravity center, then the comprehensive evaluation result can be obtained. Finally, an experiment is given to illustrate the implementation process of the proposed method, and the experiment result verified the feasibility and rationality of the method.

A significant proportion of the total unit cost of the product is authorized at the early stage of design phase. Therefore, integrating the capabilities of the manufacturing process into a cost model will lead to optimizing the product design, estimating its cost and attaining a cost reduction from it. Due to the advantages of low cost and greater productivity, Laser Beam Welding (LBW) has been employed as a key process in aerospace industry to manufacture components of gas turbine. This study aims to develop a manufacturing process cost model by collecting and analysing the LBW manufacturing data. The developed model will aid the aerospace industry to estimate the cost of product during early design stage. Detailed statistical analysis of past data was done to develop the LBW cost model which was further validated with several weld inspections to assure the conformity of total unit time and unit cost estimation. LBW cost model will guide the designers to make suitable design at the early design stage which will also be useful in reducing the manufacturing cost of the product and consequently, provide a competitive advantage to aerospace industry.

The paper analyses the consequences of using a one-size-fits-all concurrent engineering (CE) approach. Six CE projects are studied; each addresses a company located in a high-wage area and one of two abroad facilities located in low-wage areas. The analysis reveals; the companies neglect the consequences of a higher perceived newness and interdependence than anticipated from the outset; habitually, practitioners' understanding draw on existing solutions; because the sub-stance of the handed-over information differs, the one-size-fits-all approach is inappropriate. Three approaches to gain a convergent understanding are suggested: 1) transferring approach, 2) translating approach, 3) transforming approach.

The quantity of research being done in the oral health has grown significantly in the last decades, acquiring a more interdisciplinary characteristic. As consequence, there has been a large amount of engineering applications developed to this knowledge area. Oral health is directed linked to the well-being and can aid in the prevention of several severe diseases. The more recurrent cases of deteriorated oral health are related to the loss of teeth during the patient's life. Oral dental implants are the solution to this problem; however, they present high complexity development processes and in consequence almost all the work is done handcrafted which entails problems with the precision and comfort of the prosthesis. Therefore, the objective of this research is the development of a conceptual model for the use of additive manufacture and rapid prototyping integrated to CAD/CAM systems to aid the development of an oral prosthesis in an integrated product development process environment. To reach this objective, at first was made a literature review of the relevant subjects. Afterwards the advanced manufacture conceptual model is developed to ensure standardization and formalization of the manufacture and development processes of the oral implant. The conceptual model is then applied in the development of an oral prosthesis in a computational environment. This conceptual model aids the surgeon-dentist to develop and manufacture the oral dental implants more rapidly ensuring the products quality, through the standardization of the manufacture and development processes the conceptual model also reduces the cost and waste of resources of the development and manufacture of an oral implant.