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The American Psychiatric Association has published 5 editions of a manual for the classification of mental disorders. Each edition has been titled Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and has used the abbreviation DSM: DSM-I (1952) DSM-II (1968) DSM-III (1980) DSM-III-R (1987) DSM-IV (1994) Using DSM-IV as an example, these books should be cited as follows: American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994. A text revision of DSM-IV was published in 2000 as Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, abbreviated DSM-IV-TR. This book

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