79. Which classes of vertebrates contains animals that lay
eggs on land?

·

reptilia

·

aves

·

mammalia

80. Which classes of vertebrates contain animals that are
endothermic?

·

aves

·

mammalia

81. What term refers to all organisms of the same species in
a given area?

·

population

82. What term refers to all populations in a given area?

·

community

83. What term refers to the place where an organism lives?

·

habitat

84. What are the three population distribution types?

·

random

·

uniform

·

clumped

85. What population distribution type is the most common in
nature?

·

clumped

86. What is the computation for the intrinsic rate of
increase?

·

birth rate - death rate

87. If the birth rate of a population is 20 per 100 per
year, and the death rate is 16 per 100 per year, what is the intrinsic rate of
increase of the population?

·

0.04

88. The maximum population growth that can occur under ideal
circumstances is a population's:

·

biotic potential

89. Given ideal conditions and sufficient time, a population
will experience ______, and produce a very large number of individuals.

·

exponential growth

90. During an exponential growth cycle of a population,
which phase is characterized by having relatively few members of individuals
and is early in the cycle?

·

lag phase

91. What factor prevents an exponentially increasing
population from continuing to increase indefinitely?

·

environmental resistance

92. What are factors contributing to environmental
resistance?

·

limited food supply

·

accumulation of waste materials

·

increased competition between members

·

predation

93. The maximum number of individuals of a species that a
given habitat can support is a population's:

·

carrying capacity

94. A habitat's carrying capacity can:

·

increase

·

decrease

·

remain the same

·

be changed through human intervention

95. What is an example of a density-independent limiting
factor on a population?

·

a severe ice storm

96. What are examples of density-dependent limiting factors
on a population?

·

food supply

·

sites to take shelter

·

predators

·

diseases

97. What type of survivorship curve does the human
population have?

·

Type I

98. Which type of survivorship curve is characterized by
having a high birth rate and a large number of individuals that die soon after
birth?

·

Type III

99. The survivorship curve for a population of elephants
would most closely resemble that of a population of:

·

humans

100. What are examples of countries that have a stabilized
age structure diagram?

·

USA

·

Sweden

101. What is the definition of community?

·

an assemblage of populations interacting with

one another within the same environment

102. The relative abundance of individuals of each species
in the community is called:

·

evenness

103. The ecological range over which a species is able to
survive is called an:

·

environmental gradient

104. Which community composition model and ecologist match
the following description? "Species in a community are present primarily
because of a dependence on other species, and abiotic factors in their
environment are of secondary importance. The same species will occur together
in communities and have distinct boundaries."

·

Interactive Model

·

Frederick E. Clements

105. Which community composition model and ecologist match
the following description? "Species in a community are present primarily
because their abiotic requirements are met, and interactions with other species
are of secondary importance. Different species will have their own distinct
distribution patterns. Boundaries between communities will not be
distinct."

·

Individualistic Model

·

Henry L. Gleason

106. The Island Biogeography Model states that a ______
island ______ the mainland is likely to have greater species diversity.

·

larger

·

closer to

107. The Island Biogeography Model can also be applied to:

·

nature preserves

·

city parks

·

woodlots

·

wildlife sanctuaries

108. What is the name of the model that states that the
number of suitable habitats can be increased without requiring an increase in
the overall area?

·

Spatial Heterogeneity Model

109. The number of suitable habitats can be increased
without requiring an increase in the overall area by the process of _______.

·

creating patches

·

stratification

110. What are examples of species interactions?

·

commensalism

·

predation

·

parasitism

·

mutualism

111. The principle that states that no two species can
occupy the same niche at the same time is called the:

·

Competitive exclusion principle

112. Even though different species have the same niche
preferences, they are able to coexist because they have divided the habitat's
resources among them. This is called:

·

resource partitioning

113. An alteration in the physical or behavioral characteristics
of individuals in the populations when compared to individuals living apart
from each other is an example of:

·

character displacement

114. Some species that do not have an antipredator defense
mechanism possess a similar appearance to another species that does have an
antipredator defense mechanism. This is called:

·

batesian mimicry

115. What Kingdoms contain parasites?

·

bacteria

·

fungi

·

plants

·

protists

116. A corn field that remains unplanted and undisturbed
will become revegetated through the process of:

·

secondary succession

117. What are the three characteristics of community
stability?

·

persistence through time

·

resistance to change

·

recovery after disturbance

118. Predators that regulate competition and maintain the
species diversity of a community are called:

·

keystone predators

119. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis states that in
order to maintain optimal species diversity in a community there needs to be:

·

a disturbance covering an area that is not too

small or large

·

a disturbance that is not too frequent or too

infrequent

120. Introducing natural predators to control the spread of exotic
species is called:

·

biological control

121. The region of the earth, both terrestrial and aquatic,
where living organisms are found is called:

·

biosphere

122. A region that includes all of the populations of
organisms in a specific area, along with their non-living environmental
components is called:

·

biome

123. The process of solar energy being absorbed by a body of
land or water is called:

·

insolation

124. What factors determine the amount of solar energy
absorbed by different land masses on the earth?

·

the title of the earth's axis

·

the rotation of the earth on its axis

·

the revolution of the earth around the sun

·

the relative distribution of land masses in the

Northern and Southern Hemispheres

125. What are the great gyres of air currents?

·

north hemisphere westerlies

·

south hemisphere westerlies

·

northeast trades

·

southeast trades

·

north pole easterlies

·

south pole easterlies

126. As air currents are forced to higher elevation because
of topography, they are cooled and lose moisture. This is called:

·

adiabatic cooling

127. The distribution of biomes is primarily based on:

·

temperature

·

precipitation

128. Biome boundaries are not distinct, but grade into each
other in regions called:

·

ecotones

129. Soil types are classified based on percent composition
of:

·

silt

·

sand

·

clay

130. What are the terrestrial biomes?

·

coniferous forest

·

temperate deciduous forest

·

tropical forest

·

shrublands

·

tundra

·

grasslands

·

deserts

131. In which one of the earth's biomes would you expect to
find permafrost?

·

tundra

132. In which one of the earth's biomes would you expect to
find phytoplankton in a eutrophic epilimnion?

·

lake

133. In which one of the earth's biomes would you expect to
find chemosynthetic bacteria surrounding hydrothermal vents?

·

benthic division

134. In which one of earth's biomes would you expect to find
epiphytes and lianas?

·

tropical forest

135. In which one of earth's biomes would you expect to find
a well-developed understory and prevernal flora?

·

temperate deciduous forest

136. In which of earth's biome types would you place the
prairies of North American, the Pampas of South America, and the savannahs of
Africa?

·

grassland

137. Which of earth's biome types is characterized by
periodic flooding during high tide and exposure to air and sun during low tide?

·

seashore

138. What kind of biome would you expect to find
in a fjord?

·

estuary

139. What kind of biome would you expect to find in coastal
areas of western North and South America, around the Mediterranean Sea, western
Australia, and the cape of South Africa?

·

shrubland

140. What kind of biome would you expect to find in eastern
North America, Europe, and eastern Asia?