CommonJS: JavaScript Standard Library: "The CommonJS API will fill that gap by defining APIs that handle many common application needs, ultimately providing a standard library as rich as those of Python, Ruby and Java. The intention is that an application developer will be able to write an application using the CommonJS APIs and then run that application across different JavaScript interpreters and host environments. With CommonJS-compliant systems, you can use JavaScript to write:

CommonJS Notes: "If you just have a few modules to convert, then all you need to do is wrap the module in this code:
define(function(require, exports, module) {
//Put traditional CommonJS module content here
});
"

volo: "Are you tired of repeating yourself when building web sites? volo is a tool which lets you quickly create projects, add libraries, and automate common tasks using node and JavaScript.
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Adequately Good - JavaScript Module Pattern: In-Depth - by Ben Cherry: "Notice that we've declared a global module named MODULE, with two public properties: a method named MODULE.moduleMethod and a variable named MODULE.moduleProperty. In addition, it maintains private internal state using the closure of the anonymous function. Also, we can easily import needed globals, using the pattern we learned above."

DailyJS: Demystifying CommonJS Modules: "It became obvious that a set of standards should be created to harmonise interpreters, enabling us to use libraries across environments. The CommonJS group was founded with the goal of creating a set of specifications with this in mind."