Dr Jochen Reb, associate professor of organisational behaviour & human resources at Singapore Management University (SMU), said there is no single definition for the term. “Mindfulness refers to a certain quality of attention – a present-centred, open and accepting attention”, which contrasts with a mind that wanders constantly, thinking of the past or worrying about the future. “Mindful attention”, he said, can be developed through practice.

Dr Reb, who has done research on the subject for more than 10 years, said anyone can practise mindfulness anywhere at any time, “as it is fundamentally about being openly present”.

Dr Reb said the most well- researched and best-known mindfulness programmes are in cognitive therapy and stress reduction. However, he added, there are some misconceptions about mindfulness.

Firstly, there is its association with religion. “Some people think that mindfulness is connected to a religious, often Buddhist, belief,” he said. “It’s important to recognise that courses do not require or promote any particular religious belief, nor are they incompatible with or discourage religious beliefs.”

He said some people think that mindfulness is suitable only for those with serious mental health issues. “However, the reality is that many of us are stressed and feel overwhelmed by the demands on our attention and time. We want to relate better to others or just to live life more fully.”

Many mindfulness programmes are designed for “regular” people. Dr Reb said, however, that it is important to choose instructors who are qualified. Though the evidence for mindfulness is strong, he added, it cannot be guaranteed to work for everyone and there are other things that people can do for their well-being. These activities include regular physical activity, taking walks and pursuing a hobby. (Also Read: 8 Ways Walking Can Transform Your Health)

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