Summary:
The YafQ-DinJ toxin-antitoxin system was identified by its similarity to the RelE-RelB toxin-antitoxin system [4]. Expression of YafQ alone reduces protein synthesis and inhibits growth, and coexpression of DinJ alleviates that phenotype, acting as the antitoxin [2, 5, 6]. YafQ and DinJ form a stable complex [5] which can bind to the dinJ-yafQ palindrome upstream of the translation start site [2].A strain from which all five toxin-antitoxin systems have been deleted shows no deficiency in its stress response or competitiveness under nutrient-limited conditions [7]. However, biofilm formation is affected via expression of the TabA protein [8].

A dinJ-yafQ deletion mutant is impaired in biofilm formation [9].Deletion of any single toxin-antitoxin system encoding an RNase has no effect on persister formation, but deleting ten such systems dramatically reduces persister formation. Persister formation depends on degradation of the antitoxins by the Lon protease [10].A crystal structure of the DinJ-YafQ complex has been solved at 1.8 Å resolution, showing a YafQ-(DinJ)2-YafQ conformation [3]. Similar results were obtained for the proteins from E. coli BL21(DE3) [11].Reviews: [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17]

In the figure, each line represents an upstream region of a given gene, with different binding sites. The TFBSs located in this region are drawn relative to the regulated gene,
or to the affected promoter; thus 0 represents the beginning of the gene or the promoter, respectively.
The scale bar on the top indicates the coordinates that covers the range from -400 to 100 bp.

For a more complete image click here; this will allow you automatically upload a file, containing a full set of TFBSs related to the regulator as input to the feature-map tool,
leaving it ready to click on the 'GO' button.

In the figure, each line represents an upstream region of a given gene, with different binding sites. The TFBSs located in this region are drawn relative to the regulated gene,
or to the affected promoter; thus 0 represents the beginning of the gene or the promoter, respectively.
The scale bar on the top indicates the coordinates that covers the range from -400 to 100 bp.

For a more complete image click here; this will allow you automatically upload a file, containing a full set of TFBSs related to the regulator as input to the feature-map tool,
leaving it ready to click on the 'GO' button.

In the figure, each line represents an upstream region of a given gene, with different binding sites. The TFBSs located in this region are drawn relative to the regulated gene,
or to the affected promoter; thus 0 represents the beginning of the gene or the promoter, respectively.
The scale bar on the top indicates the coordinates that covers the range from -400 to 100 bp.

For a more complete image click here; this will allow you automatically upload a file, containing a full set of TFBSs related to the regulator as input to the feature-map tool,
leaving it ready to click on the 'GO' button.

In the figure, each line represents an upstream region of a given gene, with different binding sites. The TFBSs located in this region are drawn relative to the regulated gene,
or to the affected promoter; thus 0 represents the beginning of the gene or the promoter, respectively.
The scale bar on the top indicates the coordinates that covers the range from -400 to 100 bp.

For a more complete image click here; this will allow you automatically upload a file, containing a full set of TFBSs related to the regulator as input to the feature-map tool,
leaving it ready to click on the 'GO' button.