Compare David Hume's ideas - Essay Example

Extract of sample Compare David Hume's ideas

He argues that impressions emanate via human senses, feelings and reactions, and other mental features, they are the active perceptions we have because of hearing, seeing, feeling, loving, hating perceptions craving and ambitions. When we hear, see, feel love, hate, desire or will. Ideas refer to the less active perceptions and reactions we have at the thought and imagination of these sensations, the faint pictures painted in our minds by these thoughts and reasoning. He also added that the difference between ideas and impressions is in the degree of force applied by each of them on the mind (Hume, 1). Construction of ideas occurs from the impressions that we have and in three distinct ways: ideas from simple impressions in three ways: the affinity, coherence, and connection. Hume goes ahead and categorizes human rationality as either facts or just simple ideas. In the first category, he analyses facts hatched from experience. Despite the fact that thoughts originating from association of ideas may be inexistent, their truth is rationally flawless. A good illustration is in the case of a square; it will always have four corners irrespective of whether it exists in reality or not. It is possible for us to imagine the unseen things e.g., a monster but all our self-created perceptions emanate from sense and experience. In his second category of human rationale, Hume makes an analysis based on inference to experience and not based on philosophical denouement; he assumes experience and an occasional

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Plato argues in many works that there is 'apriori' knowledge, and in the Phaedo he argues in particular that it was 'reincarnation' that is the cause of it. The notion of prior knowledge is further inferred to have come from a time before this life. In other words, it is an argument which goes further than merely defending a tradition philosophical position concerning the nature of ‘rationalism’, but that there is a further inference that this prior knowledge must have come to us at a time before the present existence – hence, immortality.

The roots of Buddhism are traced back to its founder, Siddhartha Gautama, around 566 BC (Hawkins 28). The royal prince and son of a king, embarked on a journey around the world in the pursuit of understanding. His conclusion from the quest was that suffering was at the core of existence after coming across a corpse, an elderly man, an acetic and a sickly man(Hawkins 28).

On this basis, impressions are the results of two things; direct sense experience and remembered or imagined experience, which translates to having two types of impressions that are sensation and reflection. Reflection, in this case, refers to the remembered experiences, while sensation is in reference to direct sense experiences and sensational impression are born from our senses, while reflective impressions originate from the mind and include feelings and emotions.

hich we must deduct whether a miracle has taken place is higher than it is the case of other cases asserting to identify some extraordinary or unanticipated occurrence. It is consequently not a miracle if a healthy person in unlikely events dies. Though an occurrence of this form may be impractical, it does not sometimes take place.

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This argument against Paley cannot be considered a strong argument because of several factors, the first factor being that other designers like Edison came up with new ideas. According to Hume’s argument, there was no possibility that an individual

g to Hume, “it would be a miracle that a dead man should come to life.” Thus, Hume says that when we have a standardized understanding that verifies the existence of regularities of this type we have “a substantial testimony, from the nature of the verity, against the

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observation as the basis of human reasoning (7). He denotes that factual matters are unpredictable since there is a possibility of the reverse happening. An example he gives is the assumption of the possibility of the rising of the sun. He criticizes the idea of “matter of fact” on making such conclusive assumptions if there is a possibility of the opposite occurrence. He questions this idea as an innovative and a type of logic only possible in a theoretical perspective. Hume’s argument is that assumptions of cause and effect between two correlations are not obviously true. . He further affirms that our assumptions about the future cannot be justified since there is no such law that the future will always be like the past. He emphasizes that our assumptions are based on habits and not on logic. He says that if experience teaches us that two events take place at once, then we assume a relationship between them. However, he appreciates the importance of the assumed connections and defines them as simple repeated observations between two events. He then concludes that, in the absence of cause and effect, our actions are unpredictable. He further proves that cause and effect are based on subjective reasoning and thus causal. He denies the concept of knowledge because all beliefs emanate from ideas, which originate from reality; no conclusion can be made beyond experience (Pojman et al.). Descartes’ 6th Meditation Rene Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, and writer who spent most of his life in the Dutch Republic. The sixth meditation consists of one of the philosophical ideas in which Descartes highlights all beliefs in things he says have no absolute truth in them and tries to find out any facts that can be established about them. The meditations were written as if he was in meditation for the six days during which he wrote them all and in each meditation, he refers to the previous as yesterday (Skirry 116). This meditation concerns the existence of

Summary

Comparison David Hume and Descartes Ideas David Hume’s excerpt “Of the origin of our ideas” David Hume was a famous Scottish philosopher widely known for his philosophical experimentation and uncertainty…