The Armenian Olympic Committee sent a total of 25 athletes to the Games, 21 men and 4 women, to compete in 9 sports. The nation's team roughly shared the same size with Beijing and Sydney, only by the number difference between men and women. Armenia also marked its Olympic debut in taekwondo, competed by Arman Yeremyan, who was also the nation's flag bearer at the opening ceremony.

Armenia left London with one silver and one bronze medals. Notable accomplishments included the nation's first ever silver medal after 16 years, won by Arsen Julfalakyan in Greco-Roman wrestling.