PPO Frequently Asked Questions

HOW LONG DOES A PPO LAST?
Once granted, it remains in effect for 180 days from the date of issuance. You
may request the judge to lengthen it.

WHAT IF RESPONDENT VIOLATES THE PPO?
If your situation is an emergency, CALL 911. Otherwise, call the nearest police
department.

DOES THE VIOLATION HAVE TO OCCUR IN FRONT OF A LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER?
No. A police officer may make a warrantless arrest of a PPO Respondent if the
officer has reasonable cause to believe that a PPO has been violated.

WHAT IF THE PPO VIOLATOR HAS LEFT THE SCENE BEFORE THE POLICE ARRIVEThe PPO statute does not impose a time limit on the police officer's arrest
authority, so a warrantless arrest may happen even if the Respondent has left
the scene of an alleged violation. If the police cannot find the Respondent,
they may choose to file a warrant request for Stalking or Aggravated Stalking if
all other elements of those crimes are present.

WHAT HAPPENS IF RESPONDENT IS ARRESTED?
The police may arrest the restrained party if they were previously served with a
copy of the PPO. The police are encouraged to arrest if they have evidence of a
PPO violation, but they have discretion to arrest or not to arrest. If arrested,
the restrained party will be brought to a Circuit Court judge within 24 hours.
At that time, the Judge can set a bond; if the Respondent posts the bond, they
can be released. The Judge will also set a date for a hearing where you and
other necessary witnesses will testify about how the Respondent violated the
PPO. The St. Clair County Prosecutor's Office may be involved in this hearing.
You will be notified of the hearing date by subpoena.

WHAT IF RESPONDENT IS NOT ARRESTED FOR VIOLATING THE PPO?
The police might not arrest the restrained party, especially if the officer did
not witness the acts violating the PPO, or if there was insufficient proof that
the Respondent had been served with the PPO papers before the alleged violation
occurred.

If the restrained person is not arrested, you will have to file a motion to show
cause in the Circuit Court Clerk's Office to have a hearing about the PPO
violation. A show cause action focuses on whether the Respondent should be held
in contempt of court for violating the PPO. Like the original PPO application,
you will have to write out what the Respondent did and said, and attach
supporting witness statements, police reports, photographs, etc. Your motion to
show cause will be reviewed by the Judge. If the judge believes that a violation
likely occurred, they will schedule a show cause hearing and will issue a show
cause order directing the Respondent to appear in Court to respond to your
allegations that Respondent violated the PPO.

WHAT IS THE PROSECUTOR'S ROLE IN PPO EVIDENTIARY HEARINGS?
The Prosecuting Attorney must prosecute all evidentiary proceedings, unless the
Petitioner retains their own attorney for this purpose.

WHAT KINDS OF PUNISHMENT CAN RESPONDENT GET FOR VIOLATING THE PPO?
A PPO is a court order, so any violation is criminal "contempt of court". The
Judge can send the violating Respondent to jail for up to 93 days for each
violation, and/or impose a fine of up to $500.

WHAT CAN I DO TO HELP "MAKE A CASE" FOR A PPO VIOLATION?
PPO violations happen in seclusion and in public, at night and in broad
daylight. Many times, police are not present when the violations occur. The
constant is YOU. Therefore, your help is necessary in order to prove that a
violation occurred.

Preserve all available tangible evidence of the PPO violation, such as notes or
letters, voice mail messages, etc. Keep written notes of when and where the
violations happened, what was said and done, who else may have seen or heard the
Respondent's conduct, etc. Take photographs of property damage. Give all of
these to the police when you make a police report.

CAN A RESPONDENT BE CHARGED WITH BOTH A PPO VIOLATION AND A SEPARATE CRIMINAL
OFFENSE FOR THE SAME BEHAVIOR?
Yes. Michigan statutes clearly state a Legislative intent that criminal
sanctions be imposed in addition to whatever criminal penalties apply for a
separate criminal offense. Also, appellate decisions have stated that separate
convictions do not violate double jeopardy, even though they were based on the
same conduct.

WHAT IF I RESUME CONTACT WITH THE RESPONDENT AFTER THE PPO HAS BEEN ISSUED?
The PPO is directed to the Respondent's behavior, NOT the Petitioner's.
Regardless of the Petitioner's wishes for contact, the Respondent will have
violated the court's order. The Petitioner's invitation or consent may mitigate
sanctions, but it is no defense to the violation.

A Petitioner should not "send the wrong signals" to the Respondent by
actually or seemingly allowing contact that violates the PPO. The PPO means what
the order says and applies when the order says, NOT just when it is "convenient"
to the Petitioner for the terms to apply. If you do not want or need the PPO in
effect anymore, move to set it aside or modify it.

HOW DO I DISMISS THE PPO? HOW DO I CHANGE THE TERMS OF THE PPO?
Only a court can change a PPO; the parties cannot do this privately or
informally. If you decide to get back together (reconcile) with the person you
had restrained, or you no longer want the order to remain in effect, either you
or the Respondent must file a
Motion to Modify, Extend, or Terminate PPO or
Motion and Order to Dismiss Action for PPO. Otherwise, the order will remain in effect
until the date the judge originally set for it to expire. It is at the judge’s discretion
whether or not to modify/dissolve a PPO, not the Petitioner or Respondent’s. A form to modify
(change the terms of) or dissolve (dismiss) the PPO is available in the Circuit Court Family
Division or County Clerk's Office. The same form is used to change any of the terms of the
order (i.e. your new home/work address).

The Respondent may move to modify or rescind the PPO within 14 days after
service or actual notice, or for good cause shown after the 14 days have
elapsed. A hearing must be held within 14 days after a request for modification
or rescission.

A motion is also necessary to obtain a PPO which is effective longer than the
time allowed in the ex-parte order.