Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory reaction, which is aggravated by aspects of the immune response that are thought to be inhibited by Omega-3 fatty acids. The aim of the present study was to determine if Omega-3 fatty acid could modulate immunological function and improve survival rate among septic patients with intestinal dysfunction. A total of 48 mechanically ventilated patients with intestinal dysfunction were included in this prospective, randomized and single-blind clinical study. Patients were randomly divided into control (group A) and treatment groups (group B)...

BACKGROUND Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are associated with central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). However, no tools to predict risk of PICC-CLABSI have been developed. OBJECTIVE To operationalize or prioritize CLABSI risk factors when making decisions regarding the use of PICCs using a risk model to estimate an individual's risk of PICC-CLABSI prior to device placement. METHODS Using data from the Michigan Hospital Medicine Safety consortium, patients that experienced PICC-CLABSI between January 2013 and October 2016 were identified...

OBJECTIVES: When breast milk is unavailable for preterm infants, formulas are needed that won't increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Adding novel ingredients to formula to reduce NEC has not been effective clinically. Instead, we tested the prediction that NEC can be reduced by removing the maltodextrin now included in preterm formulas. METHODS: The preterm pig model of spontaneous NEC was used to evaluate growth, health, and intestinal responses to 6-7 days of feeding formulas that were identical except for the source of carbohydrate; either 100% lactose or maltodextrin; colostrum was used as the control...

Crohn's disease (CD) has an annual incidence per 100.000 person-year of 20.2 in North America and 12.7 in Europe, and the purpose of this review is to evaluate its medical management, from diagnosis to transplant. Pharmacologic manipulation with nutritional care aims to achieve and maintain remission, but more than half of patients will undergo an intestinal resection, very often repeated over time. They could experience short bowel syndrome (SBS) requiring total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Intestinal transplantation (ITx) represents an alternative in case of irreversible intestinal failure (IF) with life-threatening TPN complications...

AIM: This study described the characteristics and risk factors of neonates who developed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and severe treatable ROP in two Egyptian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). METHODS: This retrospective cohort study comprised 108 preterm neonates who were screened for ROP after being admitted to the two NICUs run by Cairo University Hospital from June 2014 to May 2015. Patients were examined using digital fundus photography and indirect ophthalmoscopy was performed if ROP was detected...

Sterile amino acid solutions are applied in medical care as part of Total Parenteral Nutrition systems. Typical formulations consist of variable admixtures of essential and non-essential amino acids together with carbohydrates, electrolytes, vitamins, trace element solutions and lipid emulsions. The complexity of these formulations gives rise to stability and compatibility reflections. This review focuses on amino acid stability in pure amino acid solution and name methods of assessment. Incompatibilities of amino acids with the other ingredients are matter of concern in clinical practice and evaluated for relevance...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of early enteral nutrition (EEN) on T helper lymphocytes and the subpopulations ratios of surgical septic patients.We performed a retrospective study including 107 eligible patients from February 2014 to December 2015. Patients were divided into EEN, delayed enteral nutrition (DEN), or total parenteral nutrition (TPN) group according to the duration before enteral feeding. Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg lymphocyte percentages were collected on days 3, 7, and 14 after admission...

BACKGROUND: Parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Early predictors of PNAC would have clinical value. We sought to evaluate risk factors and liver function testing as predictors of PNAC in premature infants with intestinal perforation. METHODS: Medical records of infants with a gestational age <34 weeks, birth weight <2000 g, and intestinal perforation due to either necrotizing enterocolitis or spontaneous intestinal perforation were reviewed...

OBJECTIVES: To examine trends overtime in the incidence and in-hospital outcomes of vascular dementia (VaD) hospitalisations in patients aged 70 years or over suffering and not suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) between 2004 and 2013 in Spain. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Spain. PARTICIPANTS: National hospital discharge data were used; patients aged ≥70, discharged from a hospital with VaD as a primary diagnosis, were selected...

BACKGROUND: Candidemia is the worldwide life-threaten disease, especially in cancer patients. This study was aimed to identify and evaluate the risk factors of candidemia in cancer patients, which will prompt the improvement on current therapeutic strategies and prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective, case-control study was conducted from inpatients of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, during 2006 to 2013. Analyses were performed between cancer patients with candidemia as study case, and patients with bacterial bloodstream infections as control...

Objective: To conduct an economic analysis of enteral and parenteral diet costs according to the type of disease and outcome (survivors versus deaths). Methods: It is a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study with a qualitative and quantitative design, based on analysis of hospital accounts from a healthcare insurance provider in the Southern region of Brazil. Results: We analyzed 301 hospital accounts of individuals who used enteral and parenteral diets...

AIM: Practitioners often avoid administering iron dextran in parenteral nutrition (PN) for hospitalised children because of the concern for anaphylaxis. The primary aim of the present study was to determine the risk of anaphylaxis associated with exposure to PN containing iron dextran in the inpatient setting. METHODS: Charts were reviewed for all children admitted to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from January 1, 2011 to December 30, 2013 who received PN containing low molecular weight (LMW) iron dextran...

BACKGROUND: Total resection of the jejunum and ileum, a rarely performed procedure, is indicated after mesenteric vascular events, trauma, or resection of abdominal neoplasms. We describe our recent experience with the operative and medical management of patients with "no gut syndrome." METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 341 adult patients who were referred to our center between January 2013 and December 2016. RESULTS: Thirteen patients with a mean age of 42...

BACKGROUND: The development of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols for patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) represents a significant advance in perioperative care. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate gastrointestinal (GI) complications following RC and urinary diversion (UD) using our institutional ERAS protocol. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We identified 377 consecutive cases of open RC and UD for which our ERAS protocol was used from May 2012 to December 2015...

OBJECTIVE: Ultrasound-guided (USG) cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein (BCV) has been shown to be technically easy. We hypothesised that adoption of USG in-plane cannulation of the BCV as the primary approach to central venous cannulation at our institution would lead to central venous cannulation for a greater variety of indications. METHODS: We performed retrospective, descriptive comparison of all central lines placed in patients aged <16 years who underwent any surgical operation during calendar years 2012-2014 at a small, free-standing children's hospital...

BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria are the important causes of healthcare associated infection in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This study performed a meta-analysis to identify the risk factors associated with infection and/or colonization of ESBL-producing bacteria in the NICU. METHODS: Relevant studies in the literature published from January 1, 2000 to July 1, 2016 were searched in the electronic databases. The literature was screened and data were extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria...