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3 Blood pressure measurement is often considered routine and is often performed by those with the least training Jones DW, et al: Hypertension 2001; 37:185

4 Blood Pressure Assessment Blood pressure of all adults should be measured by any trained healthcare professional whenever it is appropriate. Patients should be assessed at all appropriate medical visits To determine cardiovascular risk To monitor antihypertensive treatment

7 Blood Pressure Assessment: Patient t preparation and posture Standardized technique: Patient 1. No caffeine in the preceding hour. 2. No smoking or nicotine in the preceding minutes. 3. No use of substances containing adrenergic stimulants such as phenylephrine h or pseudoephedrine d (may be present in nasal decongestants or ophthalmic drops). 4. Bladder and bowel comfortable. 5. Quiet environment. Comfortable room temperature. t 6. No tight clothing on arm or forearm. 7. No acute anxiety, stress or pain. 8. Patient should stay silent prior and during the procedure.

8 Blood Pressure Assessment: Patient preparation and posture Standardized technique: Posture The patient should be calmly seated for at least 5 minutes, with his or her back well supported and arm supported at the level of the heart. His or her feet should touch the floor and legs should not be crossed. The patient should be instructed not to talk prior The patient should be instructed not to talk prior and during the procedure.

9 Recommended Technique for Measuring Blood Pressure Standardized technique: Use a mercury manometer or a recently calibrated aneroid or a validated electronic device. Aneroid devices should only be used if there is an established calibration check every 6-12 months.

10 Recommended Technique for Measuring Blood Pressure Electronic oscillometric devices: Use a validated electronic device according to BHS, AAMI or IP standards. For self blood pressure measurement devices, a logo on the packaging ensures that this type of device and model meets the international standards for accurate blood pressure measurement. Office Home / Self AAMI=Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation; BHS=British Hypertension Society; IP: International Protocol.

17 Recommended Technique for Measuring Blood Pressure Standardized technique: For initial readings, take the blood pressure in both arms and subsequently measure it in the arm with the highest reading. Th ft t k t t Thereafter, take two measurements on the side where BP is highest.

18 Recommended Technique for Measuring Blood Pressure (cont.) Record the blood pressure to the closest 2 mmhg on the manometer as well as the arm used and whether the patient was supine, sitting or standing.

19 Recommended Technique for Measuring Blood Pressure (cont.) Avoid digit preference for five (5) or zeros (0) by not rounding up or down. Record the heart rate.

20 Recommended Technique for Measuring Blood Pressure (cont.) The seated blood pressure is used to determine and monitor treatment decisions. The standing blood pressure is used The standing blood pressure is used to test for postural hypotension, if present, which may modify the treatment.

21 Blood Pressure Assessment: Patient preparation and posture Standing position For patients t over age 65, diabetics and patients being treated with antihypertensives, check if there are postural changes while taking blood pressure reading, i.e. after one to five minutes in the standing position and under circumstances when the patients complains of symptoms suggestive of hypotension.

24 Blood Pressure Measurement with Aneroid Blood Pressure Monitor Aneroid devices should not be used if there is not an established calibration check every 6-12 months.

25 The Message BP measurement should not be performed lightly. Use standardized protocol The measurement of blood pressure through auscultation remains the most widely accepted method in everyday practice. Reliance on automated devices may lead to inaccurate readings in the presence of arrhythmias. Mercury sphyg. are still considered the gold-standard measuring devices for indirect blood pressure determination Aneroid sphygmomanometers are considered accurate if calibrated with a mercury manometer at regular intervals.

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