In the following four problems, note
how the arithmetic solutions use logic and involve a probing of the
conditions of the problem—procedures which often easily transfer to the more
abstract process of algebraic solutions, where problems ultimately are reduced
to equations.

One raja says to another, “If you give
me one camel, then we will have an equal number of camels” The other replied,
“No, if you give me one camel, then I will have double the number you have.”
How many camels does each raja have?