The best treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cirrhosis, currently is liver
transplantation because treating the cancer and the causal disease. For the majority of
patients, transplantation is not proposed, and the curative treatment remains the surgical
resection. Radiofrequency or cryotherapy currently allows local destruction (or ablation) of
the small HCC, with results that seem equivalent to the surgical resection. These last
techniques increase the therapeutic possibilities in the presence of hepatic insufficiency.
However, all these treatments are followed by high rates of recurrence (50 - 70% at 5 years
and close to 100% at 10 years). The development of tumoral nodules, undetected at the time
of the curative treatment, or the occurrence of new HCC, under the effects of the cirrhotic
process or viral genomic modifications explain these disappointing results. Therefore, it
seems essential to associate an adjuvant treatment to the surgical resection or the local
destruction. Intra-arterial chemotherapy with or without embolisation is a largely evaluated
therapeutic approach whose results are contradictory. Several retrospective studies, seem
nevertheless to show a benefit of this treatment in adjuvant situation. Systemic
chemotherapy for a long time regarded as ineffective, currently has a renewed interest due
to the use of new drugs like gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX regimen). This regimen
showed a certain effect in a phase II study in advanced forms of HCC with cirrhosis. We
propose to test by a prospective randomized multicentric phase III study, the effectiveness
of an adjuvant treatment by systemic chemotherapy or intra-arterial LIPIODOLISED
chemotherapy (CIAL), after surgery or complete local destruction of HCC. Three groups will
be compared: a group of untreated patients (n=109), a group of patients treated by
intra-arterial chemotherapy (CIAL = cisplatin 75 mg + lipiodol 10 ml; 3 courses every 6
weeks)(n=77) and a group of patients treated by systemic chemotherapy (GEMOX= day 1:
gemcitabine 1000 mg/m² iv within 100 min; day 2: oxaliplatin 100 mg/m² iv within 2h; 8
courses every 2 weeks, d1 = d14)(n=77). Selection and randomisation are planned 4-8 weeks
following complete treatment of the HCC. Identical follow up for the 3 groups includes
clinical, biological, morphological exams every 3 months for 2 years, then every 6 months
for 3 years. The main criterion of the study is survival without recurrence. The secondary
objectives are the global survival, the safety and an estimate of the costs of the various
treatments. The awaited results are 1) to demonstrate the effectiveness of at least one of
these adjuvant treatment following complete treatment of HCC in cirrhotic patients and 2) to
determine the best adjuvant treatment. Estimated inclusion time is 2 years, with an analysis
of the principal criterion at 3 years. Follow-up of 5 years is envisaged for each patient,
leading to a 7 years duration study.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Hepatocellular carcinoma (histology or Barcelona criteria) curatively treated by
surgical resection or by radiofrequency or by cryotherapy

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