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In order to analyze the relationship of punk to anarchy, this thesis will investigate the discursive function of "anarchy" both in contemporaneous accounts of punk and in subsequent histories. Beginning with the genesis of British punk and the first references to anarchy in different media during the late 1970s, subsequent chapters focus on the seminally influential anarcho-punk band Crass in order to discern their impact on the evolution of the anarcho-punk genre and its relationship to anarchism up through the mid-1980s. Several other anarcho-punk bands will also be considered for their contributions to this genre. In addition to providing an in-depth study of anarcho-punk, which has been largely ignored by scholars, the present work seeks to enhance understanding of the role of anarchy in punk discourse and hopes to offer a starting point for analysing recent developments in other politicised subcultures.

A mídia de massa constitui um grupo detentor de um grande poder no âmbito discursivo, uma vez que esse grupo tem acesso e pode controlar as informações que vão a público. O movimento punk, por outro lado, representa diversas minorias na sociedade e sua principal ferramenta de divulgação de ideias é a arte, principalmente a música. O discurso punk, porém, tem um alcance bastante limitado em comparação com a mídia de massa. Tendo em mente essa assimetria de poder, analisamos, nesta dissertação, o discurso da mídia em relação ao punk brasileiro. Desde sua chegada ao Brasil, o punk é alvo de várias confusões, acusações e controvérsias. Sem o mesmo destaque que teve nos anos 1980, o movimento punk, hoje em dia, não tem muita expressividade na mídia de massa. Quando ele é veiculado, em geral, é em razão de algum episódio que envolva violência física ou crimes. Em novembro de 2011 um caso de briga entre punks e neonazistas acabou com um punk morto e um neonazista gravemente ferido. Esse acontecimento teve um destaque notável na mídia, diversos periódicos e programas televisivos abordaram o assunto e até dedicaram programas inteiros para falar sobre o assunto. Esse caso serviu como recorte metodológico para compormos nosso corpus. Selecionamos textos que abordam a vida do jovem assassinado, pois vários deles tratam não só o caso do assassinato, mas também o punk como um todo. Além disso, selecionamos alguns textos da fase inicial do movimento punk para termos uma base de como ele era visto naquela época. Tendo o corpus definido, fizemos um levantamento lexical e separamos as lexias em campos semânticos, utilizando as noções sobre Léxico encontradas em Barbosa (1978), Biderman (1978) e Pottier (1975 e 1985). Analisamos esses dados à luz da abordagem triangular proposta por van Dijk (2008), segundo a qual a produção de sentido deve ser entendida de acordo com os seguintes elementos: discurso, cognição e sociedade. Além disso, utilizamos o recurso metodológico do mesmo autor, chamado de quadrado ideológico (VAN DIJK, 2005) para situar e compreender criticamente as escolhas lexicais no discurso midiático. A partir das análises dos dados obtidos, concluímos que o punk, enquanto objeto do discurso da mídia de massa, adquire um caráter bastante negativo e estereotipado. O indivíduo punk é visto como um sujeito perigoso, ligado ao crime e a situações violentas, além de ser, segundo o estereótipo criado, preconceituoso e agressivo. Entendemos que diversas informações divulgadas pela mídia são manipuladas e manipuladoras. Segundo o pensamento de van Dijk, a manipulação ocorre quando um grupo com mais poder abusa de sua posição favorável para informar as pessoas de modo parcial, isso gera uma compreensão incompleta do evento sobre o qual se fala no discurso. Apesar de não negarmos que o movimento punk manifeste-se de modo violento algumas vezes, notamos que ele, em muitos casos, é alvo de discursos manipuladores, o que gera um estereótipo majoritariamente negativo.
The mass media is a group which holds a great discursive power within itself, once it has access to information that becomes public and can control it. The punk movement, on the other hand, represents several minorities in society and its main tool for the dissemination of ideas is the art, especially music. The punk discourse, however, has a very limited range in comparison with the mass media one. Thinking about that power asymmetry, we analyzed, in this thesis, the media discourse in relation to Brazilian punk. Since its arrival in Brazil, the punk movement is the target of several confusions, accusations and controversies. Without the same prominence it had in the 1980s, the punk movement, today, does not have much expressiveness in the mass media. When it is reported, in general, is due to some incident involving physical violence or crimes. In November 2011 a case of fight between punks and neo-Nazis ended up with a punk killed and seriously injured a neo-Nazi. This event had a remarkable prominence in the media; various journals and television shows have discussed the issue and even devoted entire programs to talk about it. This case served as a methodological approach to compose our corpus. We have selected texts that discuss the life the young punk murdered because many of them talk not only about the murder case, but also about punk as a whole. In addition, we selected some texts of the early punk movement to have a base as he was seen at that time. Having defined the corpus, we did a survey and separate lexical semantic fields using notions about Lexicon found in Barbosa (1978), Biderman (1978) and Pottier (1975 and 1985). We analyze these data in the light of the triangular approach proposed by van Dijk (2008), according to which the production of meaning must be understood according to the following elements: discourse, cognition and society. Furthermore, we use the methodological resource by the same author, called the ideological square (van Dijk, 2005) to locate and critically understand the lexical choices in media discourse. From the analysis of the obtained data, we conclude that the punk, as an object of discourse of the mass media, acquires a very negative and stereotypical image. The punk individual is seen as a dangerous person, linked to crime and violent situations. He/she also is, according to the created stereotype, prejudiced and aggressive. We understand that various disclosures by the media are manipulated and manipulative. According to van Dijk thought, manipulation occurs when a group with more power abuses its comfortable position to inform people partially, so it generates an incomplete understanding of the event about which it speaks in the discourse. While not denying that the punk movement manifests itself violently sometimes, we noticed that it, in many cases, is the target of manipulated speeches, which generates an overwhelmingly negative stereotype.

Beginning in the mid 1980s the practices of Soviet youth became a scene of heightened academic interest as western scholars eagerly turned their attention to the changing ???subcultural??? realities of youth in the wake of the relaxations introduced under Perestroika and Glasnost. Unfortunately, despite this growing interest, the Russian punk community has remained, predominantly on the periphery of scholarly inquiry. One can surmise, however, that a dominant reason for this has been the over-reliance on New Subcultural Theory, which marks many of these studies and which seeks to understand ???subcultures??? in terms of their homogeneous values and symbolic resistance to a socio-structural Other within a rigid and vertical cultural model. This paradigm, when coupled with prominent western themes exhibited in the behaviour of Russian punks, has led to a somewhat anomalous understanding of this group???s existence and has championed the apparent drive within the academy to discredit both the punk community and its membership as little more than cultural mimics. By drawing on data collected from a Russian punk internet forum located at http://offtop.ru/punkforum, this exploratory grounded theory study investigates (1) how the community exists as a discursive space (2) how individual participants construct and put forward their self-presentation and, (3) to what extent may we consider that these presentations of self both construct, and are constructed by the community? The overall concern of the study is to consider whether a conceptual break from the notion of ???subculture??? permits a fuller understanding of how individual members??? identities are both constructed by, and construct this particular punk community. The findings suggest that while members exhibit some general commonalities, there is significant diversity among them as well. A key finding is how members become ???authentic??? in relation to the punk idea, while taking part in the construction of that idea and the group as a whole. This presents a significant departure from the notion of ???subculture??? and from common-place ideas about punk, namely that being punk involves little more than a style of dress and behaviours. Thus, this exploratory study implies that this Russian punk community is a dynamic discursive space within which identity must continuously be negotiated and renegotiated through language.

This collection of short stories attempts to examine the role of a changing and often indifferent world has in the way various characters achieve maturity. Though the past is not always obvious in each story, each protagonist is characterized as holding onto some aspect of his or her past life in a way that is detrimental to their growing as human beings. the stories attempt to portray the indifference of the world as it moves forward to the plight of these characters, and to portray the manner in which they each come to terms with such a world and with their own lives.

University of Central Florida College of Sciences Honors thesis
The relationship between identity and tattooing regarding female members of the punk community has not been fully explored by the academic community. Through the exploration of the anthropological history of tattoos as markers of identity, the pro-social aspects of this form of body modification can be illustrated. Placing emphasis on punk women, tattoos are shown to positively affect individual identity and reinforce social bonds. The pioneering nature of punk music and the outright rejection of cultural norms creates an atmosphere in which women can more adequately express their identity through the use of body modification. In this open environment where societal norms regarding body modification are rebuked, tattoos are also used to reinforce social bonds amongst those willing to permanently display their dedication to a non-mainstream aesthetic.
Bachelors
Sciences
Anthropology
42 p.