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Laser guns have always played a central role in military affairs - ask any six-year-old boy or Hollywood scriptwriter. OK, so that role has been wholly imaginary - until now. Technology has a clever habit of outdoing fantasy, and this month the US Navy announced that it has finally produced a working Laser Weapon System (the US military has been trying to develop something like this for decades). After proving itself by shooting down target drones in 12 out of 12 tests, the laser will be on board an active US warship by next year, probably in the Persian Gulf, ready to zap Iranian missiles.

We can all marvel at the technological wizardry: this is a beam of light, fired from a moving ship, which destroys incoming boats, missiles and aircraft by scourging them like a blowtorch. One day soon, the navy may no longer have to load its ships with all those heavy, dangerous missiles and bullets - expensive, outmoded things you can only fire once. The ammo-less Laser Weapon System promises infinite defence (provided you keep the batteries charged, and the weather isn't too cloudy); and once you've spent US$40 million installing it, pulling the trigger costs virtually nothing.

Military planners have yet to understand the full implications of their newest gizmo, but once laser weapons reach maturity, maybe a decade from now, they could render many of our most reliable military assets obsolete - even nuclear missiles might become useless, if they can be harmlessly incinerated mid-flight. So yes, lasers might just change the world.

That's all a long way off. For now, it's mind-boggling just to witness the emergence of so many futuristic military inventions, of which the Laser Weapon System is just one example - real, working equipment that even 10 years ago would have seemed too far-fetched to mention outside the barmy confines of a science- fiction convention.

Within our lifetimes, warfare is clearly going to get much, much stranger. Robots are already replacing humans in some military roles, and soon unmanned craft will outnumber piloted planes, ships and vehicles, if not replace them entirely. The US Navy might be fitting lasers onto its warships today, but quite soon those ships could be heading for the museum: unmanned combat drones with no limit to their range will be able to patrol the oceans and protect civilian shipping far more effectively than yesterday's plodding surface vessels.

The machines we do build will be powered by next-generation propulsion systems, hypersonic ramjets that can drive aircraft and projectiles at many times the speed of sound. And the internet could be the most important battlefield of all, as cyberwarfare teams launch virtual strikes with the power to destroy the critical infrastructure of entire countries.

The transformative power of these technologies should come as no surprise, given the way in which innovations in computing, communications and miniaturisation have, over the past decade or so, completely reshaped our own everyday lives. What is surprising is the faith which some governments - even as they watch these new technologies preparing to sweep away the old - continue to place in outdated solutions to modern problems.

China's first aircraft carrier, Liaoning, is a perfect example. This has been the most talked-about defence programme in recent memory, heralding - or so we're told - China's arrival as a major world power. Guess again.

Beijing is spending billions of dollars and devoting millions of skilled man-hours in order to equip itself with one of the dinosaurs of the military inventory. By the time China has an aircraft carrier battle group that is truly combat effective - a milestone that could still be over a decade away - these dinosaurs will already be sailing into extinction in a dangerous new world of laser weapons, high-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), electronic threats and hypersonic missiles.

No matter, this is peace time, Beijing must be thinking, and the aircraft carrier's decrepitude matters less than the tingles of patriotic pride that every Chinese person experiences whenever that big old ship appears on their TV screens. But so long as Liaoning has value as a propaganda tool, rather than a real military capability, that pride will be misplaced.

Of course, the aircraft carrier is not quite finished yet as a military concept: the US only recently began to build a new type of super-carrier, and will continue building them for years to come, as will others. But when it comes to aircraft carrier development, China is joining a long-distance race in which the US is already on about lap 60 - and it's a race which only has so many years left to run as new technologies make old-fashioned systems like aircraft carriers much easier to replace, and even easier to destroy.

Where China's military modernisation effort really has excelled is in the development of future systems. China is a world leader in cyberwarfare, UAVs, space planes and next-generation missiles - the systems that matter. They might not look as sexy as aircraft carriers on the evening news, but that doesn't change the fact that lasers, not clunky old ships, will inherit the military earth. Any six-year-old knows that.

Trefor Moss is an independent journalist based in Hong Kong and former Asia-Pacific editor for Jane's Defence Weekly. Follow him on Twitter @Trefor1