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Why We Eat . . . . and why we keep eating.

By

Dr. Jeffry Weiss
Medical & Advisory Board – Insulite Laboratories

Since 1950, the amount of nutritional information available to the public has
roughly doubled every seven years. During that same period (1950-2000), obesity
rose by 214% until today, where 64.5 percent of adult Americans (about 127
million) are categorized as being overweight or obese.

The average American weighs 30 lbs. more today than 100 years ago. In that
light, one might conclude that there is a direct correlation between knowledge
of obesity and obesity itself.

The point is – we aren't foolish. We know that a salad is better for us than a
pizza; that grilled chicken is better than a smothered burrito; that tofu is
preferable to a cheeseburger; that fresh fruits and vegetables are better than
candy bars and French fries. People are swimming in information. We've become
anesthetized by information overload. But more information has not and will not
lead to enlightened behavior, less craving for food or improved health.

Do''t blame obesity on your genes. It takes eons for our genes to adapt to
changes in the environment, while escalating obesity is a phenomenon of only the
past few decades. To say that obesity is genetic flies in the face of
evolutionary evidence. Consider that there was far less obesity just a century
ago. In the early 1900's only one in 150 people were obese. In the 1950's less
than 10% of the population was classified as such.

Table 1 shows us that the overall number of adults who are overweight or obese
has continued to increase each decade. A BMI, or Body Mass Index, of 25 equates
to a person who is 25% over their ideal weight.

In Table2, we see that by every indicator – age, gender, and decade –
the prevalence of overweight has become more and more systemic in our society.

Table 2

Men Prevalence ofoverweight / obese (%)

Women Prevalence ofoverweight / obese (%)

AGE(Years)

1988 to 1994

1999 to 2000

1988 to 1994

1999 to 2000

20 to 34

47.5

58.0

37.0

51.5

35 to 44

65.5

67.6

49.6

63.6

45 to 54

66.1

71.3

60.3

64.7

55 to 64

70.5

72.5

66.3

73.1

65 to 74

68.5

77.2

60.3

70.1

75 andolder

56.5

66.4

52.3

59.6

Source: CDC, National Center for Health Statistics,
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Health, United States
(Table 70) 2002.

Commenting on the prevalence of obesity in America, John Foreyt, Ph.D., obesity
expert at Baylor College of Medicine, concluded that, "At the rate the average
waistline is expanding in the United States, everyone will be overweight in
another 100 years . . . It's not our genes that are the problem; it's our
environment."

In the 1960's, men consumed an average of 2,200 calories per day. By 2000,
that had increased to 2,700 calories per day. During the same period, women went
from 1,500 to 1,950 calories per day. And that alone is sufficient to explain
the "how" of the obesity epidemic.

Replying to the question, "Why are so many of us fat?", Jeffrey Friedman, a
molecular geneticist at Rockefeller University, asked, "Why, despite equal
access to calories, is anyone thin?"

While the statistics may tell us that we are, in fact, eating more, they do not
tell us why we are doing so. Nor do they tell us why we ate roughly the same
amount of calories for hundreds of years; but then, in the last 50 years we
suddenly began consuming 20% more calories than previously.

Some say our diets have changed, that we are consuming more fats. Yet, during
the past 50 years, while obesity rates have skyrocketed, the consumption of
saturated fats rose only 7%. And, according to the U.S. Department of
Agriculture, total fats in our diet have fallen from 40% in 1990 to roughly 34%
today.

So, let's look at what has transpired since 1950. The most predominant and
fundamental changes have not so much been in our diets as in our lifestyles.
This trend began in the 1950's with:

The completion of an interstate highway system that spawned suburbia, separating neighbors with lawns and garages and forty-foot wide streets.

The evolution of inexpensive air travel, along with jobs spreading far beyond the city limits, has influenced people's decision and ability to move more frequently.
This has led to circumstances where people live for an average of five years in one place, making long-lasting relationships as fleeting as the next job offer or flight out of town.

A changing economic climate that requires two working parents, leaving children to fend for themselves and succumb to the influences of the media, malls and mass marketers.

Technology that begat computers, faxes, e-mails, and video-conferencing, which have distanced workers and friends and have made face-to-face communication more rare.

A rapidly-paced culture, with 20% less free time than in the 1960's, that has generated the need for fast food establishments and,
along with them, an ever increasing proliferation of fats, processed foods, and sugar in our diet.

A lack of participation in and appreciation for the role of exercise in our evolution.

Our separation from nature due to ever expanding cities.

Television, which has stolen the motivation to pursue goals, engage in new pursuits, and, with 44 % of
commercials advertising snack foods, entices viewers to eat incessantly.

Yet we do not have to return to the society of the 1950's, or give up all our
modern conveniences, to regain our health. What we must do is take a new
approach.

The strategy of focusing on what we eat is turning people away from the real
problem. That message has been unsuccessful for decades. Further studies, weight
loss programs and media emphasis on the same note, will not bring the desired
results. The first and foremost question to ask is . . .WHY WE EAT.

Early man ate only enough to meet his caloric requirements. Present day
inhabitants continue to eat for a very different reason: to gain a euphoric
feeling through the chemicals released in the body by the foods we eat. And what
are these chemicals that are so powerful as to induce behaviors that are
sometimes irrational and often detrimental to our health and continued
evolution? Endorphins.

In 1993, an experiment was conducted to determine the power of endorphins.
Scientists inserted electrodes into the brains of rats. After the rats ran a
maze, they could either pull a lever, which would, through the electrodes,
trigger the release of endorphins, or they could pull a lever that provided
non-endorphin releasing food. The observable results were that the rats chose
endorphins, neglecting food, which, in some cases, resulted in death. And each
day we run our own maze, fueled predominately by food, rewarded by endorphins
and the euphoric feelings they provide.

It is time for us to take responsibility for our own conditions and
circumstances. As we have clearly identified, obesity is not genetic. However,
we must also recognize society's role in this epidemic. The world we live in has
changed dramatically in the past 50 years. We have been separated from our
friends, neighbors and nature by economics, housing, suburbia, and technology;
tempted by the constant images of food on television, and lured by the instant
gratification offered by the ever-present fast food chains.

Our hopes and dreams have been masked by the new face of society. Yet we have
the power to unmask this illusion, the power to see clearly what our culture can
and cannot give and to provide for ourselves what it can't.

Jeffry Weiss attended Drexel University (B.S.), Temple
University (M.B.A.), the University of Pennsylvania (M.A.), and Clayton College
(PhD, Naturopathic Medicine). He has consulted on matters of diet and obesity
with the health ministries of the UK, Australia and Mexico and with the U.S.
Secretary of Health and Human Services on nutrition. Under the aegis of his
project, Vested Interest and Economic Incentive, Dr. Weiss has developed
a statistical protocol for a food tax that encompasses personal preferences in
deciding suitable fees for Medicare and Medicaid in the U.S. He has provided
numerous individuals with nutritional advice for their conditions which range
from diabetes, liver disease, cancer, multiple sclerosis, ADD, CFS, Parkinson's
and Alzheimer's disease and obesity. Additionally, he has counseled several
school districts about improving nutrition for school lunch programs. Dr. Weiss
is the author of "Why We Eat…and Why We Keep Eating" and "The End of
Alzheimer's" and has published a variety of articles in scientific and consumer
journals. He is a member of the Medical & Advisory Board of Insulite
Laboratories, a company that is dedicated to healing insulin resistance and its
related disorders, PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome), metabolic syndrome,
pre-diabetes and excess weight gain.