The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes (190721).VOLUME XVII. Later National Literature, Part II.

XXI. Political Writing Since 1850.

§ 30. The Disfranchisement of the Negro.

Finally, in spite of the guarantees of the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments, negroes in the South endured discrimination in Jim Crow car laws and police regulations, and in 1890 and after they were practically disfranchised in seven of the Southern states. Convictions born of race proved superior to the mandates of government.