Black-and-white engraving depicting the slaughter of a lamb for Passover. With Hebrew text of Exodus 12:6, 27 : "And the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it at dusk..It is the sacrifice of the Lord's passover." Frontispiece to Maḥzor shel Pesach, published Sulzbach: Buchdruckerey von S. Arnstein & Sohne.

Black-and-white engraving depicting a rabbi with tallit (prayer shawl) and tefillin (phylacteries). Engraving by R. Young. From The faiths of the world : an account of all religions and religious sects, their doctrines, rites, ceremonies, and customs. Compiled from the latest and best authorities... by James Gardner, published London: A. Fullarton & Co.

Black-and-white offset print reproduction of a Jewish marriage ceremony in Tangier. From The home and synagogue of the modern Jew : sketches of modern Jewish life and ceremonies, published London: Religious Tract Society.

Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting a Jewish marriage ceremony. Original illustration by Irving R. Wiles. From the article "The Jews in New York--II" by Richard Wheatley, published in the February 1892 edition of The Century Magazine.

Color offset print reproduction depicting a Jewish marriage ceremony at the Great Synagogue in London at Duke's Place, officiated by Rabbi Nathan Marcus Adler. Published in the April 15, 1876, edition of The Illustrated London News.

Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting the marriage ceremony of Leopold de Rothschild and Marie Perugia, held in the Central Synagogue on Great Portland Street in London. Published in the January 29, 1881, edition of The Illustrated London News.

Black-and-white engraving depicting a rabbi with tallit (prayer shawl) and tefillin (phylacteries). Frontispiece to Modern Judaism : or, A brief account of the opinions, traditions, rites, and ceremonies of the Jews in modern times by John Allen, published London: Printed for T. Hamilton, and Oliphant, Waugh and Innes.

Black-and-white offset print reproduction of a boy during his bar mitzvah ceremony. From the article "The Jews in America" by Alfred Trumble, published in the August 1877 edition of Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly.

Caricature by Joseph Ferdinand Keppler published in the February 22, 1882, edition of Puck. The caption reads : "Puck's proposition to make the nations happy all around." Under Quotations: "England - Jews in demand." The caricature depicts Queen Victoria taking two Jews under her arms.

Hand-colored etched satirical portrait of Pellegrin Treves (1733-1817), who served as postmaster general and was a friend of the Prince Regent. Etching by Richard Dighton. Published by Dighton, Charing Cross, November 20, 1801.

Hand-colored engraved map of Palestine, with an inset map of Jerusalem. Drawn and engraved by William H. Gamble. From Mitchell's new general atlas, containing maps of the various countries of the World, plans of cities, etc., embraced in sixty-three quarto maps, forming a series of one hundred maps and plans, together with valuable statistical tables by Samuel Augustus Mitchell, published Philadelphia: S. Augustus Mitchell, Jr.

Map of the city of New York as it was in the years 1742-1744, including the first Mill Street Synagogue of Congregation Shearith Israel. Lithograph by George Hayward after an original drawing by David Grim. Published in D. T. Valentine's Manual of the corporation of the city of New York for 1854.

Black-and-white lithographed portrait of Aaron the high priest. With Hebrew text excerpted from Exodus 28:4 : "And they shall make holy garments for Aaron thy brother, and his sons, that he may minister unto Me in the priest's office." Entered according to the act of Congress in the year 1872 by Hyam Sakolski, in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

Black-and-white engraving of a Aaron in the vestments of a Jewish high priest. From An historical, critical, geographical, chronological, and etymological dictionary of the Holy Bible, Volume 1, by Augustin Calmet, published London: Printed for J. J. and P. Knapton, etc.

Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the Tomb of Absalom in Jerusalem. From A dictionary of the Bible : comprising its antiquities, biography, geography, natural history and literature... by William Smith, published Philadelphia: Porter and Coates.

Black-and-white engraving of the Tomb of Absalom in Jerusalem. Engraving by Edward Radclyffe after a drawing by Thomas Allom. From Syria, the Holy Land, & Asia Minor, Volume 3, by John Carne, published London: Fischer, Son & Co.

Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the exterior and interior of the Hamburg Temple (Israelitischer Tempel) in the Poolstraße, on the occasion of the inauguration on September 5, 1844. Published in the Illustrirte Zeitung.

Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Alphonse Mucha's poster for Victorien Sardou's play Gismonda, which premiered in 1894 at the Théâtre de la Renaissance. The poster shows actress Sarah Bernhardt in costume as the play's title character. Published in a supplement to Le Courrier français, January 6, 1895.

Black-and-white steel engraving of the interior of the Salvatorkirche in Passau. Engraving by Johann Gabriel Friedrich Poppel after a drawing by Gustav Seeberger. Following the expulsion of the Jews from Passau in 1478, one or more buildings in the Jewish area of the Ilzstadt, including one housing a Schul, were demolished to make way for the church. Engraving from Das Königreich Bayern in seinen altertümlichen geschichtlichen, artistischen und malerischen Schönheiten by Maximilian Benno Peter von Chlingensperg.

Hand-colored steel engraving of the interior of the Salvatorkirche in Passau. Engraving by Johann Gabriel Friedrich Poppel after a drawing by Gustav Seeberger. Following the expulsion of the Jews from Passau in 1478, one or more buildings in the Jewish area of the Ilzstadt, including one housing a Schul, were demolished to make way for the church. Engraving from Das Königreich Bayern in seinen altertümlichen geschichtlichen, artistischen und malerischen Schönheiten by Maximilian Benno Peter von Chlingensperg.

Caricature by Franklin Morris Howarth published in Puck. The text reads : 1 --Mr. Dawson: "Ah! I like these blustery, windy mornings." 2 --Mr. Dawson: "Phew! That was a gust." 3 --Itinerant hat collector: "Dings vas gomin' my vay. Dot vas a good ringer." 4 --Itinerant hat collector: "I vill schoost gover it mit dis odder von." --Mr. Dawson: "I don't wear cape coats after this. Where's my hat?" 5 --Mr. Dawson: "Well, I'll be hanged! My hat nowhere in sight. It must have blown over that wall. Well, I'm in a pretty fix! I'll catch my death of cold, bareheaded in this wind." 6 --Mr. Dawson: "Ah! Perhaps this Jew will sell me one of those hats. Have you a hat there to fit me, my friend? " 7 --The itinerant collector: "Dot vas too pad your hat plows over der vall. Yes, I haf a hat vat I schoost pought from Mr. Vanderbildt. Ach! So hellup me gracious! It vas schoost your size, undt I sell him for t'ree tollar." 8 --Mr. Dawson: "Mary, I had a very funny experience. My hat blew off and went over a garden wall. A hat peddler came along just in the nick of time and sold me this one for three dollars. It is just as good as new." 9 --Mrs. Dawson (in disgust): "James Dawson, there are no fools like an old fool! You had better wear a bonnet tied on with strings the next time you go out in the wind. This is your own hat, and has your name inside."

Color maps of ancient and modern Jerusalem. From A dictionary of the Bible : comprising its antiquities, biography, geography, natural history and literature by William Smith, published Philadelphia: John C. Winston Company.

Color lithograph depicting the vestments of Jewish priests and high priests. Lithograph by Albert Kretschmer. From The costumes of all nations from the earlies times to the nineteenth century : exhibiting the dresses and habits of all classes, regal, ecclesiastical, noble, military, judicial, and civil by Albert Kretschmer and Carl Rohrbach, published London: Henry Sotheran & Co.

Black-and-white lithograph with views of the Old New Synagogue, Klausen Synagogue, and Old Jewish Cemetery in Prague. Lithograph printed and published Prague: W. Popelik. From Alterthümer der Prager Josefstadt : israelitischer Friedhof, Alt-Neu-Schule und andere Synagogen by Benedikt Foges and David J. Podiebrad.

Black-and-white lithograph of the exterior of the synagogue in Kippenheim printed on a contract for purchasing synagogue seats, dating from the first decade of the synagogue in the 1850s. Lithograph by E. Kaufman.

Two black-and-white illustrations of the Semper-Synagoge (Semper Synagogue), also known as the Dresdner Synagoge (Dresden Synagogue) or Alte Synagoge (Old Synagogue), showing a view of the synagogue and a scaled drawing of the building's façade. Published in the Allgemeine Bauzeitung in 1847.

Black-and-white offset print reproduction of a illustration from "To Gipsyland," by Elizabeth Robins Pennell, with illustrations by Joseph Pennell. Published in the December 1892 edition of The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine.

Hand-colored engraving of the character Joad, the Jewish high priest, from Jean Racine's tragedy Athalie. Joad is shown wearing the vestments of the Jewish high priest. Engraving by Ludwig Wolff after Edmond Geffroy.

Black-and-white print with a scaled drawing of the façade of the Alte Synagoge (Old Synagogue) in Essen, as seen from Alfredistrasse. From Die neue Synagoge in Essen a.d. Ruhr, published Berlin: Ernst Wasmuth A.G.

Hand-colored engraving of two Jewish men from Austria. From Picturesque representations of the dress and manners of the Austrians by William Alexander. Published London: Printed for J. Murray by W. Bulmer and co. The publication depicts the dress of people throughout areas ruled by the House of Austria (House of Habsburg). The associated plate description identifies these men as "A Polish Jew."

Hand-colored engraving of a Jewish woman from Austria. From Picturesque representations of the dress and manners of the Austrians by William Alexander. Published London: Printed for J. Murray by W. Bulmer and co. The publication depicts the dress of people throughout areas ruled by the House of Austria (House of Habsburg). The associated plate description identifies this woman as "A Polish Jewess."

Hand-colored engraving of a Jewish woman from Austria. From Picturesque representations of the dress and manners of the Austrians by William Alexander. Published London: Printed for J. Murray by W. Bulmer and co. The publication depicts the dress of people throughout areas ruled by the House of Austria (House of Habsburg). The associated plate description identifies this woman as "A Polish Jewess."

Hand-colored engraving of a Jewish man from Austria. From Picturesque representations of the dress and manners of the Austrians by William Alexander. Published London: Printed for J. Murray by W. Bulmer and co. The publication depicts the dress of people throughout areas ruled by the House of Austria (House of Habsburg). The associated plate description identifies this man as a "Jew of Montgatz, in his summer dress."

Hand-colored engraving of a Jewish man from Austria. From Picturesque representations of the dress and manners of the Austrians by William Alexander. Published London: Printed for J. Murray by W. Bulmer and co. The publication depicts the dress of people throughout areas ruled by the House of Austria (House of Habsburg). The associated plate description identifies this man as a "Jew of Montgatz, in his summer dress."