F. Solute transport and photoassimilate translocation: Uptake, transport, and translocation of water, ions, solutes and macromolecules from soil, through cells,across membranes, through xylem and phloem; transpiration; mechanisms of loading and unloading of photoassimilates.G. Secondary metabolites – Biosynthesis of terpenes, phenols and nitrogenous compounds and their roles.H. Stress Physiology: Responses of plants to biotic (pathogen and insects) and abiotic (water, temperature and salt) stresses; mechanisms of resistance to bioticstress and tolerance to abiotic stress