Dra. Josefina Olivares AlcoleaEndocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism

Dra. Josefina Olivares AlcoleaEndocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism

Specialist in Endocrinology and Obesity Research Fellowship Center. With over 10 years experience in the development of their daily work in prestigious national hospitals. Currently he works as a specialist in Health 10 Nutrition Unit of the Centre for Urology, Andrology and Sexual Medicine. We highlight their activities and special interest in clinical nutrition (nutrition for patients with malnutrition and / or food shortages during illness).

Most tumors of the adrenal glands involve the formation of a mass in the adrenal area, generally, they are usually identified by chance since no
Most tumors of the adrenal glands involve the formation of a mass in the adrenal area, generally, they are usually identified by chance since no symptoms. In most cases, adrenal tumors are benign and require no treatment, but there are some that are malignant or cancerous. Some cancerous tumors that form are: carcinomas, also known as adrenocortical cancer, malignant cells are formations on the outer layer of the adrenal gland; the feocromofitomas a rare type of tumor that is associated with other diseases or cancers presented to the patient, as the syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN); and neuroblastomas, which appear in childhood, sometimes even before birth, and are characterized by very dramatic symptoms (lumps in the abdomen, neck or chest, stomach inflammation and bone pain, bulging eyes with dark circles, or inability mobility part of the body). The treatment of these tumors is usually tailored to each patient and their evolution, but the most common is surgery to remove the tumor, complementing the operation with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
...

The adrenal glands are essential for a life that lie at the back of the kidneys. Produce, among others, some sex hormones, and particularly hormones tThe adrenal glands are essential for a life that lie at the back of the kidneys. Produce, among others, some sex hormones, and particularly hormones that regulate metabolism and cortisol, which helps us respond to stress, and other hormones that control blood pressure and the presence of water and salt in our body. Sometimes there is an excessive or insufficient production of these hormones, causing some of the disorders of the adrenal glands, which are detected through urinalysis and blood. For example, when there is excess cortisol or overactive adrenal cortex we are faced with Cushing's syndrome, which is caused due to the intake of drugs or the development of some tumors and symptoms well defined (legs and very thin arms, fatigue, high blood pressure, blood glucose, bruises all over his body, etc). It is cured by treating the source that causes the disease. Otherwise, inadequate cortisol or underactive suprarrrenal crust, causing the so-called Addison's disease, which arises from an immune problem and requires treatment for life as it can be fatal if not properly treated.
...

A nutrition anti-aging treatment aims to extend longevity through optimal diet. The goal of any antiaging nutrition is to prevent disease and achieve A nutrition anti-aging treatment aims to extend longevity through optimal diet. The goal of any antiaging nutrition is to prevent disease and achieve a healthy lifestyle and quality avoiding any toxic effects that accumulate in metabolism throughout life.
...

Pregnancy and breastfeeding are two moments in the life of women in the caloric needs are increased by the intrauterine fetal growth, in the first ca Pregnancy and breastfeeding are two moments in the life of women in the caloric needs are increased by the intrauterine fetal growth, in the first case and the preparation for milk production in the second. This requires a dietary adaptation to the new situation that will be given by the monitoring of a nutrition during pregnancy and lactation diet to ensure proper welfare of mother and child. In both cases, you should follow a balanced diet of 5 meals a day, with plenty of fresh produce (fruits, vegetables), vitamins, cereals, legumes, few sugars and fats, and an extra supply of nutrients during pregnancy of 300 kcal and 500 kcal in infancy. In no case it is healthy eating less or more of the recommended by the specialist to avoid excessive weight loss or to the mother. Also during pregnancy it is also required an extra intake of vitamin B12, iron, and in some cases, calcium. The food that the mother consumes during pregnancy and lactation shape the overall health of the baby and favor the quality of breast milk. ...

Celiac disease is a disease characterized by permanent intolerance to gluten, a glycoprotein present in wheat, barley, rye and oats. It occurs in genetically predisposed individuals suffering from atrophy to the villi of the small intestine, making it difficult to absorb nutrients from some foods. Depending on the degree of intolerance, some other symptoms occur and it is possible that none of them is present. Still, the most common manifestations of this disease are gastrointestinal problems, iron deficiency and colitis. In cases where no apparent signs occur but is diagnosed through routine screening once to avoid eating gluten, the patient will experience a great improvement both physical and mental. ...

Obesity is a disorder of the weight of a person is above what is considered healthy based on their height. Today, childhood obesity is a problem that affects a large number of developed countries where the number of children and adolescents who are overweight is rising alarmingly. Obese children may have serious health problems in adulthood, and heart disease, diabetes, asthma, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, etc. In addition to the physical consequences, childhood obesity can also involve psychological problems such as low self-esteem, depression or feelings of inferiority, which prevent the child to interact with others and limit their social relationships. Sometimes the weight problem may be caused by a disease or an imbalance of hormones, but more often it is by a poor diet, hence the importance of instilling healthy habits to children.
...

Cholesterol is a sterol (lipid or fat) that the human body needs to function properly, but too much cholesterol in the blood is bad because it can cause heart disease and stroke, among other problems. The cholesterol tends to increase with age but usually causes no symptoms, only detected with a blood test. People with family history of overweight or consuming lots of high-fat meal are very likely to have high cholesterol levels. You can lower cholesterol by performing exercise and consumption of fruits and vegetables. ...

Under the concept of conduct disorder a set of behavioral changes and behavioral development appropriate to the child's age, persistently and with a disproportionate amount are included. Among the most common symptoms of these disorders are disobedience, impulsiveness, inattention, hostility, lies and insults, transgression of social norms, or antisocial character. Among the most common behavioral disorders in children are distinguished: the conduct disorder, a persistent and repeatedly aggressive behavior in which the child acts with hostility to others or their property, intimidating; and hyperkinetic disorders characterized by an early onset, in which predominates a considerable lack of attention in all activities, and a hyperactive, impulsive and undisciplined behavior. In addition, behavioral disorders associated with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), learning problems and clinical disorders (depression, anxiety ...) are presented.
...

Diabetes is a disease characterized by a significant increase in blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia ), whose symptoms are usually fatigue, emaciation produced in a short time, excessive thirst and urination extreme ( even at night ). This pathology is caused by an alteration of the action of insulin, either because it does not exist or because the patient's pancreas no longer make it. This last case is what causes diabetes mellitus or insulin-dependent (type I diabetes), which appears in childhood. In the case of people with diabetes type I, substitute this lack of insulin treatment to be followed for life, proper diet that allows greater control of blood glucose levels throughout the day and about good habits of physical exercise. In contrast, type II diabetes is a consequence of hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity, among other causes. Requires more control over diet that is done and sometimes treatment with oral antidiabetic (pills ). Besides, during gestation can also see the unbalanced blood glucose levels, which causes the called gestational diabetes.
...

Diabetes nutrition should be the basic principle of all those patients who wish to have a good control of the disease in both type I diabetes, or insulin, as in type II. The diabetic patient should meet their nutritional needs with nutritionist and establish the foundations for proper control of the disease, based on three pillars: diet, insulin and exercise. Depending on the dose of insulin required (in cases of type I diabetes) and exercise or daily activity carried out in addition to consider other aspects such as developing other diseases diet will be personalized. Furthermore, in diabetes diet 5 meals a day are performed, to always be possible at the same time, in amounts somewhat lower than usual, without neglecting any of the food groups (carbohydrates, fruit, vegetables, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals, and water) and balancing carbohydrate intake (65%), protein (15%) and fat (30%). Besides, avoid foods high in cholesterol (sausages and fats) and try to always eat fresh food (never prepared), and control the presence of chromium, zinc and sodium in the diet. Regarding called diabetic food, despite being considered suitable for diet, it is not advisable abused are prepared as products.
...

Diet therapy or therapeutic diets are a number of dietary adjustments that are made to specific groups or individuals with specific needs, depending on your specific medical history and your eating and cultural habits. They are customized diets, ie, suitable for a particular person and makes a nutritionist and diseases or conditions the patient may present. Also, custom groups or groups of patients with specific diseases (diabetes, obesity, etc.) in order to reduce the effects these diseases can have on the overall health diets are made. Besides, concretions are made in diet to more specific diseases or long progression (such as allergies, epilepsy, arthritis ...) to help improve their symptoms. On the other hand, among the most used therapeutic diets are diets controlled energy, which focus on the caloric needs of each patient, subagrupadas in different groups of nutrients, vitamins and minerals (diets controlled in lipids, proteins, sodium, potassium, etc.). In addition, this type of diet can modify strongly established habits or restrict foods that can be harmful to health. ...

The pituitary is the gland that regulates most of biological processes in the body. It is where the hormones that regulate the reproductive organs, glands and other body developmental stages originate. This gland consists of the anterior pituitary gland, which secretes somatotropin filtered and thyrotropin, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic and gonadotropin, and the posterior pituitary gland, which secretes vasopressin and oxytocin. In children, hipopituitarismos are serious diseases, should not administer treatment can have irreversible consequences. Another pathologies that may suffer are pituitary tumors.
...

Eating disorders are serious deviations from the behavior that manifest as eating patterns hazardous to health. The common causes and symptoms of this disease include excessive concern about having the desired shape, a distorted view of the body and low self-esteem. Disorders of the most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Tables of anorexia, the person avoids eating, taking laxatives and diuretics, or even to follow slimming performed intense physical exercise, endangering his life. Instead, bulimia alternating periods when the person eats excessive amounts of food binge, followed by purging processes and self-induced vomiting to eliminate and compensate for overeating accompanied by a sense of guilt. In these cases, the emergency treatment of patients is very important, through a comprehensive plan that includes psychotherapy and continuous monitoring. In severe cases, the admission of patients to a specialized center for treatment is necessary.
...

Erectile dysfunction is the difficulty or inability to achieve or maintain a penile erection resulting in a successful sexual intercourse. It is also known as impotence, but now it has stopped using the term in the medical field. It affects many men and increases with age, but to consider an alteration is necessary to manifest persistently. The most common causes of erectile dysfunction can be both physical and psychological, or a combination of both. They can be of vascular type: men with an index of high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes or who have been treated with radiotherapy. Neurological disorders (Alzheimer's, for example) and hormonal (by utilizing medication) are given a lesser extent. There may also be a cause of affective: patients with severe forms of depression or anxiety often have erectile dysfunction. The treatments besides medication, usually include changes in lifestyle, such as quitting smoking and exercising regularly.
...

Food allergies are immune responses to certain foods such as eggs, nuts, etc. It should be differentiated from food intolerances, in these patient feel unwell after eating a food allergy but may have trouble breathing, throat tightness, cough, hoarseness, vomiting, stomach pain, hives, swelling or decreased tension arterial ...

Excess secretion of growth hormone disorders often causes certain known with the names of gigantism or acromegaly, characterized by abnormal body growth. When this adrenal disease occurs during the age of growth, before the bony plates have closed, it is called gigantism and the most common cause that causes this disease is a benign tumor that occurs in the pituitary and generates this hormone in excess; if it occurs after this period, it is called acromegaly. Children who suffer from this disease are often extremely large for his age. Some of the symptoms that affected by excessive secretion of growth hormone may be delayed puberty, front and mandibular prominence, large hands and feet with thick fingers, weakness, shortness of side vision, etc.
...

The androgyny, or hyperandrogenism, is a disorder characterized by an excessive presence of androgens in women. Androgens are male sex hormones (testosterone, androsterone, androstenedione ). When present in excess in women, causes the development of certain male characteristics or bodily changes: increased body hair (hirsutism ), alopecia, acne or seborrhea, disturbances in the menstrual cycle, elimination of ovulation, serious&hellip voice: The main causes of this disorder include polycystic ovarian syndrome, a malfunction of the adrenal gland, an enzyme deficiency during pregnancy ( placental aromaterasa, when the disorder is gestational origin), or the administration of some drugs. The treatment of this pathology depends on the cause that gives rise.
...

Hypercholesterolemia is the presence of blood cholesterol above normal levels. This increase is often associated with heart problems, diet, sex, lifestyle and endogenous synthesis. Thus the concentration of blood cholesterol hereditary and dietary factors involved, along with other related physical activity. We can distinguish two types of hypercholesterolemia. Primary, derived from problems with cholesterol transporters systems and genetic factors, and the secondary, where the increase in cholesterol is associated with certain liver, endocrine and kidney disease. ...

Hyperparathyroidism is a disorder in which the parathyroid glands produce excess hormones. These glands are located next to the thyroid produces hormones that are responsible for controlling the levels of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D in bone. The production of too much parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes an increase in blood calcium levels, which can affect various organs and produce: primary hyperparathyroidism, which consists of a benign tumor in the parathyroid gland; secondary hyperparathyroidism, usually affecting patients with vitamin D deficiency or renal failure; or tertiary hyperparathyroidism with people suffered serious kidney failure requiring dialysis or performing in very advanced cases, kidney transplant or surgery. Treatment for hyperparathyroidism include exercise, fluid intake and vitamin D, as well as the removal of the gland (in some cases), the administration of medication. This treatment must be personalized, dpendiendo patient.
...

Hyperthyroidism is a metabolic disorder in which the thyroid gland hormones excreted excessively. The most common symptoms of hyperthyroidism are a global increased metabolism, increased heart rate, arrhythmias, insomnia, irritability, nervousness, heat intolerance, weight loss, tremors, tachycardia and, sometimes, a protrusion of the eyeballs. Moreover, hypothyroidism is decreased production of thyroid hormones that, depending on when it occurs, can affect to a greater or lesser extent to the development of vital organs. Idiopathic primary hypothyroidism occurs due to thyroid antibodies, or other cause autoimmune disorders (autoimmune hypothyroidism). Hypothyroidism symptoms of muscle fatigue, shortness of breath or pain in the thyroid area, hair loss, dry skin and rough and progressive deterioration of intellectual activity. Due to the difference between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism drug treatment it will also be different and adapted to each patient.
...

Hypogonadism is an endocrine disorder caused by low production of certain hormones, testosterone in men and estrogen in women by male and female gonads (testes in men and ovaries in women). The origin of this disorder can be varied from hereditary factors, a result of some surgeries, or autoimmune diseases, kidney, liver problems, infections. The most common symptoms of hypogonadism are: in women, loss of menstruation and pubic hair, hot flashes, low libido ,,,; and in men, loss of hair on beard and body, loss of muscle tone, breast enlargement and erection problems. The low production of testosterone in men is known as male hypogonadism, while the low production of testosterone from the testis is called hypogonadism.
...

Hypopituitarism is the lack of segregation of hormones by the pituitary gland that can be total or partial, depending on the degree of damage, producing changes in some organs. Furthermore, the lack of thyroid hormones and impaired reproduction can also affect blood pressure. In women, the most common manifestations of this disease are changes in menstrual cycle, decreased libido, and infertility. And in men, hypopituitarism can cause decreased muscle strength, decreased libido and erectile dysfunction. Anyway, hypopituitarism is a progressive disease, so symptoms are not too evident and usually occur gradually. Some of the most common causes of hypopituitarism are: head injuries, tumors, brain infections or radiation, genetic diseases and other disorders caused by the immune system. ...

The hypothalamus is a small hormonal gland, the size of a pea, located in the center of the brain. Their task is to control and regulate each and every gland body functions, such as energy levels, sleep cycles, temperature, blood pressure, muscle function, immune system, among other functions. This gland depends on external factors and receives all information from every part of the body. Parallel changes and resets the functions of our body. Once filtered information, the hypothalamus sends orders to the body in two ways: the autonomous nervous system, through the spinal cord, the pituitary gland and, through the endocrine system.
...

Hypothyroidism is the decreased production of thyroid hormones that, depending on when it occurs, can affect to a greater or lesser extent to the development of vital organs. Suffers a very small percentage of the population and their causes can be congenital, environmental, removal of the thyroid gland or treatment with various drugs such as iodine or lithium. For hypothyroidism in children, caused by congenital causes, it is often done to babies clinic (heel prick) test. On the other hand, because during early pregnancy, expectant mothers require an unusual effort on your thyroid gland, one of the risks encountered is hypothyroidism during pregnancy, to be monitored especially for the successful development the fetus and the health of the mother. Idiopathic primary hypothyroidism occurs due to thyroid antibodies, or other cause autoimmune disorders (autoimmune hypothyroidism). Usually have symptoms of muscle fatigue, shortness of breath or pain in the thyroid area, hair loss, dry skin and rough and progressive deterioration of intellectual activity.
...

Infertility is the inability to father children after a period of 12 months or more keeping unprotected sex. This term should be distinguished from sterility, which is the absolute inability to achieve pregnancy. According to the World Health Organization, infertility affects 15% of couples. In approximately 40% of cases, it is male infertility; in another 40%, the problem comes from the woman, and the remaining 20% ​​either of the two, or unspecified causes. The causes may be varied: genetics, immune, endocrine, toxic, infectious, etc. So both partners must undergo medical tests. Treatment may include techniques such as in vitro fertilization, artificial insemination, transfer of zygotes to the fallopian tubes, intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
...

Insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia is a metabolic disorder of the body. The liver, muscle and adipose tissue react to the action of insulin, the hormone produced by the pancreas to glucose distribute and maintain blood sugar levels. The pancreas produces more insulin and can lead to diabetes.
...

The ketogenic diet reduces carbohydrate intake to promote fat oxidation diet. Some ketogenic diets allow the intake of fruits and/or vegetables, but in very controlled amounts. Other completely eliminate even the intake of cereals, flour, bread and also, fruits, vegetables and legumes. Such diets, always under medical control, this indicated the epileptic children.
...

It is called menopause to the disappearance of menstrual periods of women on a permanent basis because of the arrest of ovarian cycle. Arrivals at an age (on average at age 50), the ovaries produce less estrogen and progesterone, which are female hormones. For men, this process is called andropause, which is the loss of sexual power because of the low levels of the hormone testosterone in the body. The process of menopause can last a few years, and involves symptoms such as changes in the menstrual cycle, insomnia, vaginal dryness, mood disturbance, difficulty concentrating, hot flashes, weight gain, headache, increased facial hair, etc. . Some of these symptoms requiring medical treatment, such as intake synthetic hormones or tracking a diet indicated for reducing these troublesome symptoms. ...

Menopause is a stage in women which is characterized by a decrease in estrogen. Although not a disease, this phase of life can lead to discomfort, physical and psychological, that require attention and care to prevent future ailments. Among them, we must analyze and adapt the diet of women nutrition for menopause and osteoporosis, which can help cope with this change in the body. Input, diet during menopause should not change if eating habits were correct, it must be preventive to help maintain good health. Therefore, it must be balanced and low in fat to avoid being overweight, the appearance of excess cholesterol or diabetes. In addition, they may be required calcium supplements to suit the diet for osteoporosis, thinning of the bones to which many women at this stage and that this diet slows, strengthening bone maintenance with adequate calcium and vitamin D disease . ...

Metabolic syndrome, or plurimetabolic syndrome is the association of different health problems that can occur simultaneously or in a sequence in the same patient. Insulin resistance, genetics, environment and lifestyle are the most common causes related to this syndrome that involves a number of risks to their health, so they must be controlled immediately by a specialist. The insulin resistance causes diabetes is associated with a rise in blood pressure, increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels, obesity and waist area. The main causes of the appearance of this painting, especially in people over 40 years but also younger, are prolonged stress over time, poor diet, and long fasting between meals. The general pattern of these patients is that of a person who, after a period with this rhythm of life, suddenly suffer a decline in their quality of life and health (commonly called "downer") without seeming be sick.
...

The neurohypophysis is the back of the pituitary. This part of the pituitary gland is for storing various hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, including the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin (AVP), which is responsible for enhancing water reabsorption in the kidneys and regulate the concentration is of various substances in the blood. When a patient suffers the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH, the kidneys recover water not it should, there is no loss of urine glucose and produces what is known as diabetes insipidus. This condition has nothing to do with diabetes due to lack of insulin, but is so named because it shares certain symptoms, such as diuresis and increased thirst, causing the need for drinking water constantly. ...

Set of processes, customs, etc., related to human consumption. Nutrition is the biological process in which organisms assimilate food and fluids necessary for operation, growth and maintenance of their vital functions. Nutrition is the study of the relationship between food and health, especially in the determination of a diet.
...

Obesity is a disease characterized by the presence of an excess of fat mass (fat) in the body and for weight gain, usually due to a disproportionate food intake. This condition is easily diagnosed by assessing the body mass index and overall constitution of the person. The sum of factors that cause this disease, typical of the XXI century, include a sedentary lifestyle, a poor dietary patterns, and genetic and environmental factors. On the other hand, obesity is often aggravated by a number of other associated diseases, such as diabetes, cholesterol, triglycerides and hypertension, in addition to incur certain social rejection and lead to psychological problems. Also among the population suffering from this disease, there is increased risk of cardiovascular events, particularly in patients with abdominal obesity (an indicator of insulin resistance). The treatment of obesity through the monitoring of the recommendations of endocrine and nutritionists, based on a good individualized dietary plan, and changes in daily routines, especially when it comes to exercise. It is also important to establish these guidelines from childhood to avoid the appearance of so-called childhood obesity.
...

Osteoporosis is bone loss normally associated with aging, originating from age 40, but is closely linked to other vital periods as menopause in women or certain chronic diseases. Generally, often it produces no symptoms, although the fragility and bone fractures, especially hip and femur is associated, and persistent pain and deformation. To prevent and mitigate these symptoms and the onset of the disease itself, it is advisable to follow a diet for osteoporosis. This food guide is based on the introduction of calcium and vitamin D in adequate doses, which should already followed since childhood, and takes into account an adjustment in healthy habits such as physical exercise and the abandonment of inactivity, consumption alcohol and snuff, or the abuse of drugs such as corticosteroids. The physician should prescribe the form and amounts of foods in this diet custom mode, depending on the medical history of each woman. ...

Oxidative stress is the damage caused oxygen to the body when it is unable to neutralize enough. Releases free oxygen radicals that oxidize the human body, we all have antioxidant defense mechanism against these radicals. When it is not able to fight oxidative stress occurs.
...

The parathyroid glands are endocrine glands in the neck, the size of a pea. Most people have 4 parathyroid glands on the thyroid gland; however, some people have up to 5 or more. The function of the parathyroid gland is totally different from the thyroid. Produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps the body maintain the balance between calcium and phosphorus. Disorders occur when the parathyroid gland produces excessive amounts of hormone or scarce, upsetting the balance. If there is too much PTH hyperparathyroidism occurs, increasing the level of calcium in blood. But if not produce enough PTH, the imbalance is called hypoparathyroidism, taking blood too little calcium and excessive phosphorus. ...

The major salivary glands, which generate and empty saliva into the mouth, are three pairs: the submandibular gland, sublingual salivary glands and the parotid glands. Surgery of the parotid gland, also known as parotidectomy, is the operation that handles remove tumors that grow in the gland. It is estimated that over 70% of these tumors are benign (noncancerous) but we must consider any package that is detected. Depending on the type of tumor it is, its size and location, different variants of this intervention practiced. The most common are superficial parotidectomy or total parotidectomy, with conservation of the facial nerve, which also involves a lymph node dissection. The salivary glands may also have other diseases, the most common are: sialolithiasis, which is blockage of the salivary glands by the presence of calcium stones that do not allow the output of saliva and cause inflammation of the gland salivary affected; and sialadenitis, that is infection of the salivary glands, which can be an effect of sialolithiasis, or be caused by a virus or bacteria.
...

Puberty is the period, after childhood, between 9 and 20 years old approximately. At this stage psychological, biological, sexual and social changes, which can lead to certain diseases occur. Among the best-known disorders highlights puberty delayed puberty, in which a boy or a girl, arrived 14 years, it has not yet started the physical and psychological development into adolescence. This late development may be due to genetic factors, hormonal causes, chromosomal abnormalities or tumors that affect hormone secretion glands or hypothalamus. Instead, another disorder associated called early puberty is the beginning of physical changes in children prematurely (before age 12): in girls is often caused development of breast button below seven years and pubic hair before eight; and children is the appearance of pubic hair and genitals elongation between 7 and 10 years. Both early and late puberty can occur only partially or completely. ...

The pineal gland, also called epiphysis, is a gland that secretes hormones that control the body's biological clock, since it regulates the sleep-wake cycle (circadian rhythms). It is located in the central part of the brain since ancient times and is recognized as a gland perceives the environment. When light decreases, the pineal gland is responsible for producing melatonin, a neurotransmitter that induces sleep. Furthermore, melatonin is also an antioxidant and powerful regulator stress as cells regenerated. Therefore, its production discouragement and low morale that produce the seasons of autumn and winter, against the revival of energy that cause relates sunny days.
...

The polycystic ovary syndrome is a condition that occurs when there is an imbalance in the female ovaries or adrenal glands so they produce more male hormones than normal. The result is the development of cysts (tiny fluid-filled balloons) in the ovaries. Women can develop the syndrome during the teen years or reproductive age, being more common in obese women. Although sometimes no symptoms are experienced, it is common irregular, infrequent or absent menstrual periods are given. Other effects may include infertility, pelvic pain, excess hair on the face, chest, abdomen and fingers, hair loss or weak hair, acne, oily skin or dandruff. Birth control pills can help regulate the period and reduce male hormone levels, so treatment usually polycystic ovaries. When the ovaries produce multiple small cysts (no more than 1 cm in diameter), we speak of " micropoliquísticos ovaries syndrome ", which usually have the same symptoms. Likewise, treatment of micropoliquísticos ovaries may also be based on the administration of the contraceptive pill.
...

Sexual problems can present both women and men. In women it manifests with symptoms of pain during sexual intercourse, lack of orgasm and desire or arousal problems. In men we find erectile dysfunction, reduction or loss of sexual interest, problems with ejaculation or low testosterone. In both cases, the causes can be psychological stress-related, disease, drugs, or emotional or physical problems. ...

Goiter, or thyroid goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland that is characterized by the appearance of a bulge in the anterior neck that often push the trachea, which leads to difficulty in breathing and swallowing, and can even cause hoarseness. It is often caused by a disruption of hormones gland, cysts or a diet low in iodine. According to the characteristics of goiter it can be classified as diffuse goiter, characterized by a steady increase in the gland; nodular goiter or multinodular goitre, which is the development of one or more nodes due to enlargement of the thyroid. Besides, goiter may be accompanied by hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism associated with symptoms such as nervousness, weight loss, cold intolerance, dry skin, among others. If goiter with hypothyroidism usually pharmacological treatment to shrink occurs. If that occurs with hyperthyroidism, can be removed by surgery, radioiodine or treated with drugs. ...

Testicular cancer occurs when cancer cells in the testes, which are oval glands that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone in men between 15 and 35 are formed. It can occur in one or both testicles, and is more common in young men and those who had an abnormal testicular development and undescended testicle at birth, or if there are genetic background. Symptoms of testicular tumors are: a lump in the testicles or groin, pain and tenderness in the breast area. The main causes of the appearance of testicular cancer are genetic, because the testicle has not moved properly from the abdomen into the scrotum during their training. Furthermore, it also occurs in patients who have been subject to aggressive or toxic for long periods because of their work substances. This type of cancer has a cure statistics more than 90% if it is found early and treated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery.
...

The thyroid is an endocrine gland that produces hormones. These control the rate at which the body burns calories or heartbeat. The thyroid gland may suffer various diseases: The thyroid is enlarged Hyperthyroidism: When the gland produces more thyroid hormone than necessary Hypothyroidism occurs when not enough hormone Thyroid cancer Thyroid nodules: lumps in the gland Thyroiditis: swelling of the gland ...

Thyroid cancer is the abnormal growth of cells of the thyroid gland to produce a tumor. Through a medical test can diagnose whether the gland has increased in size, and if there is a cancerous nodule or more. For the identification of cancer varied tests by puncture biopsy of thyroid nodules or ultrasound are usually carried as blood tests. Treatment depends on the extent of the tumor in each patient. In most cases you opt for surgical removal of nodules, but other treatments include the application of high-dose thyroid hormones or surgical removal of the nodules. In thyroid cancer symptoms can be mainly swelling or tumor in the neck, hoarseness and coughing, voice changes, difficulty swallowing, and so on.
...

The thyroid gland is located just below the nut at the bottom of the neck in front of the trachea, and function is to regulate body metabolism. The thyroid is composed of follicles that are originating thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine, together with iodine. In the case of having some kind of disease in the thyroid gland, the patient may perceive the appearance of a lump or your own size and the consequences that may trigger the body. Detecting problems gland is performed through a simple blood test.
...

The thyroid nodule is a growth of abnormal cells in the thyroid gland, which are usually identified by lumps in the neck area. These thyroid nodules are benign in most cases (9 of 10), but sometimes may be carcinogenic. If the nodule becomes filled with fluid or blood, it is known as thyroid cyst. These nodules, which in most cases does not usually give any symptoms, can produce discomfort in swallowing, breathing or cause hoarseness. In addition, they may be accompanied by hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and are produced by a production of unnecessary hormones for the body, a deficiency of iodine in the diet or genetic factors. Treatment will depend on whether the thyroid nodules are benign or cancerous. In the latter case, the different treatments ranging from the application of high-dose thyroid hormones or surgical removal of nodules. ...

Thyroid surgery includes removal of nodules or the partial or total removal of the thyroid gland. Thyroid surgery is performed in response to different causes: biopsies when it comes to evaluating thyroid nodules; pressure by nodules or goiters in adjacent structures which complicate and cause discomfort in swallowing and breathing; for thyroid cancer; or the possibility that the gland or goiter nodule or become cancerous. In thyroid surgery complete removal of the gland in cases where benign nodules and goiters are becoming large or are causing discomfort while partial removal is done in the case of the presence of nodules or hyperactive unilateral recommended. For cases of papillary or follicular cancer total removal that could even lead to the lymph nodes in large tumors it is recommended.
...

Thyroiditis is inflammation of the thyroid, which can cause malfunction of the gland resulting in hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. It is usually associated with other disorders caused by a weak immune system. There are different types of thyroiditis as the cause that causes: chronic thyroiditis or acute thyroiditis. Hashimoto's thyroiditis, known as chronic thyroiditis, is an autoimmune origin and can cause hypothyroidism, with symptoms such as pain in the thyroid and difficulty swallowing. They also tend to suffer it middle-aged women and may be hereditary. Moreover, acute thyroiditis is produced by bacteria and causes abscess thyroid area. ...

Transsexualism or gender dysphoria is the identification of a person with the opposite gender to their biological sex, and occurs in both men and women. Usually men who feel, think and act like women, or vice versa. As transsexuals are often in conflict with their sexual identity, some may get to request a change or gender reassignment. The sex change surgery, also known as sex reassignment surgery (SRS) is a surgical procedure performed in patients that have proven their transsexuality. This operation is a change in appearance of the external genitalia by reconstructive surgery and hormone treatments. ...

Ultrasound is a diagnostic imaging procedure that allows you to view organs and soft structures within the body. It is made using high-frequency sound waves that are emitted by a transducer that captures the echo of different amplitudes which occurs bounce off the organs. These signals, when processed by a computer, give a series of images of the tissues examined. Today may be two-dimensional, three-dimensional or 4-dimensional images. Ultrasound is a noninvasive technique, in which no radiation used and thus is used to visualize fetuses that are being formed. This procedure can differentiate clearly the shape and size of each structure within the body. In medicine it is used to see the heart, kidneys, liver and blood vessels, among other organs. ...

Skin wrinkles are formed by the passage of time and aging. The skin is deteriorating by gravity and external factors that are detrimental as too much sun, snuff, no rest or some diseases. It is very important to keep the skin clean and moisturized and avoid long exposure to the sun to prevent the process accelerates. To remove wrinkles there are different beauty treatments. ...

Source: All information contained on this page as well as office hours available, are provided directly by the doctor who has the ability to update them at all times in order to keep the information as accurate as possible.

BOOK AN APPOINTMENT NOW

Choose a time on the calendar to book online

Ops! This time has just been booked by another user. Please choose an alternative time.

You may be attended by another doctor who is member of the Team. Do you want to book the appointment in any case?