First of all we must differentiate between hardware and software. A person with any DNA (hardware) can adopt any culture (software) he wants. Hence, the issue of whether Indians share common DNA is unrelated to where their languages came from - as it is possible for cultures to travel.

I do believe based on everything I have read that there is a common DNA substratum shared by all Indians. Hence there is no such thing as separate Aryan/Dravidian DNAs.

Remaining still on the hardware side, there were many immigrant groups entering the country each bringing its own DNA pool. Africans were brought as slaves by the Muslims in the past 800 years. Portuguese settled in Goa, British and French in many parts of India. Many Brits had Indian wives - this was a common part of British high society in India until 1857, after which time it was British policy to discourage Brit from marrying Indians. Then the Brits based in India started having concubines and affairs and had children from these.

Typically, the Middle East Muslims and European Christians each raised their Indian offspring in their respective religions. So in a variety of ways, the DNAs of various foreign peoples started to mix within India. Some of the new groups formed their own separate jatis while others mixed with the Indian mainstream. So the shared DNA substratum has ethnic diversity within it as well.

Indians also migrated outwards in all directions. For instance, many Indians were taken as slaves to Central Asian slave markets during the Muslim rule and sold at various prices. This is well documented. At times the trades involved lakhs of slaves taken in long journeys. Indians were also brought to Middle East for various kinds of high paying jobs - like they go today.

Similar DNA mingling occurred across other countries - within Europe, Turkey as a major mixing ground of people from many places, etc. Even Chinese are not of homogeneous DNA.

None of the above tells us by itself where Sanskrit, Vedas etc originated. That needs to be researched as an independent issue. Of course if there are very large scale migrations then the people tend to take their entire cultural portfolio with them.

I dont believe that Sanskrit/Vedas came from elsewhere. Archeological evidence suggests these originated entirely in India.

People who made India their home (including most foreign migrants) adopted this common Indian civilizational matrix as theirs.

But the cultural software also includes many exported and imported modules. For instance, Sanskrit-Old Iranian seemed to influence each other; specific details are unclear. It is likely that Vedic ideas and practices migrated outwards to varying extents. Again scanty data available and more research needed. Indian traders brought back many things they learned overseas.

We should not look for either/or binary models. Rather I prefer an open architecture with complex flows taking place. Much of the world was this way until the Abrahamic religions closed human kind into closed mindedness and closed territories. Hence the way races/cultures are being studied today is reductionist and is under the influence of exclusivist thinking.

Rajiv Malhotra further adds:

To clarify misunderstanding on my twitter feed:

All Indians have a shared substratum since 1000s of years.

There is no separate Aryan/Dravidian entity. BI explains this.

Later on, many migrants entered, each bringing diverse genetic materials. These get integrated with the substratum to varying degrees. Some genetic material remains relatively segregated and forms new and separate jatis.

Hence the origin of certain groups that resemble people from X or Y continent. These are not old but rather new genes in India (i.e. few centuries and not thousands of years).

As a result of 3 & 4 there are certain "lower castes" that are incorrectly being blamed on Hinduism. Actually, Hinduism did not cause their problem. Hinduism in fact gave them a home in India, whereas they were brought as slaves by Arab/Turkish Muslims.

The purpose of this thread and my tweets is to explain Islamic slavery as a root cause ofcertainlower castes today. These communities are being falsely told that their ancestors were exploited by Aryans, brahmins, etc.

Next time someone argues in favor of the Aryan theory by citing examples of such jatis, I am supplying you with data to offer counter arguments on how such communities came about.

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