Croatian

From IBWiki

National and official language of Croatia. Croats declare that Slovenian is simply 'Old Croatian'.

Example of Croatian official print

Until 1949, Croatian and Slovenian official documents and books were printed in a modernised form of the Carolingian minuscule script used in the Freising manuscripts of the 10th century, which are the oldest written attestations of Slovenian, and simultaneously, the oldest record of any Slavic language in a Roman script. Slovene and Croatian both used a form of Kurrentschrift as a cursive handwriting.

Example of modern (post-1949) Croatian handwriting

Croatian (along with Slovene and Dalmatian) writing underwent an official change following the establishment of the CSDS. As the then-existing writing systems were viewed as "bourgeois", laws were brought into force establishing the official use of a more modern typeface for all purposes; even so, in middle schools the older typefaces were still taught for secondary knowledge. Handwriting was reformed as well, with the new script being based on the older Kurrentschrift variants; the new scripts are very similar to the German Suetterlin-Schrift.

Following the collapse of the CSDS, the CSDS-era laws fell into disregard; In Croatia, both Slovene and Croatian have returned to using the pre-1949 typeface, but unlike in Dalmatia, where the modern style is still in common use, in Croatia the use of the Carolingian minuscule is universal in all applications, to the extent that many books that were published in the CSDS are being reissued with only the typeface being changed. However, the modified (simplified) cursive script introduced in the CSDS is still in widespread use, however schools are now teaching the pre-1949 Kurrent-Schrift once again, with a view to replacing the CSDS cursive.

Two forms separated by a slash indicate "official" dialectal differences between western and eastern Croatian respectively ("official" here means either is recognised as acceptable in standard literary Croatian).

Adjectives are shown in indefinite form unless such does not exist.

ja

ty

on

my

vy

oni

éto

to

ovdě

tam

[ja]

[ti]

[on]

[mi]

[vi]

[ˈoɲi]

[ˈeːto]

[to]

[ˈoʋɟe]

[tam]

tko

kaj

gdě

kada

kako

ne

sve

mnouhy

neki

nekoliko / nekaj

[tko]

[kaj]

[gɟe]

[ˈka.da]

[ˈka.ko]

[ne]

[sv̥e]

[ˈmnoː.ɦi]

[ˈne.ki]

[ˈne.kaj] / [ne.ˈko.ʎĭ.ko]

drouhy

jeden

dva

tři

čtyři

pět

věliky

dolh

širok

debel

[ˈdroː.ɦi]

[[ˈje.den]

[dva]

[tr̝i]

[ˈtʃti.r̝i]

[pet]

[ˈvje.ʎĭ.ki]

[dolh]

[ˈʃi.rok]

[ˈde.bel]

težek

mály

krátek

uzek

tánek

žena

muž

človek

otrok

supruha

[ˈte.ʒek]

[ˈmaː.li]

[ˈkraː.tek]

[ˈu.zek]

[ˈtaː.nek]

[ˈʒe.na]

[muʒ]

[ˈtʃlo.vek]

[ˈot.rok]

[ˈsu.pru.ɦa]

supruh

majka / mati

otec

zvěř

ryba

ptica

pes

úš

zmia

hlysta / crv

[ˈsu.pruh]

[ˈmaj.ka] / [ˈma.ci]

[ˈo.tets]

[zvjer̝]

[ˈri.ba]

[ˈpci.tsa]

[pes]

[uːʃ]

[ˈzmʲi.ja]

[ˈhli.sta] / [tsr̩v]

drvo

hozd

štáp

vouťe

sěme

list

kořen

kora

cvět

tráva

[ˈdr̩.vo]

[hozd]

[ʃtaːp]

[ˈvoː.ce]

[ˈsje.me]

[ʎist]

[ˈko.r̝en]

[ˈko.ra]

[tsfjet]

[ˈtraː.va]

vrv

kouža

měso

krv

kost

mást

jajce

roh

řep

péro

[vr̩v]

[ˈkoː.ʒa]

[ˈmje.so]

[kr̩v]

[kost]

[maːst]

[ˈjaj.tse]

[roh]

[r̝ep]

[ˈpeː.ro]

vlasě

hláva

ucho

ouko

nos

usta

zub

jezyk

noket

stopalo

[ˈvla.sje]

[ˈhlaː.va]

[ˈu.xo]

[ˈoː.ko]

[nos]

[ˈus.ta]

[zup]

[ˈje.zik]

[ˈno'ket]

[ˈsto.pa.lo]

noha

kolěno

ruka

křílo

trbuch

cřévo

vrat

léďa

prsa

srce

[ˈno.ɦa]

[ˈko.ʎe.no]

[ˈru.ka]

[ˈkr̝iː.lo]

[ˈtr̩.bux]

[ˈtsr̝eː.vo]

[vrat]

[ˈleːɟa]

[ˈpr̩.sa]

[ˈsr̩.tse]

jetra

piti

jesti

hřisti

sesati

pľuvati

bruchati

dachtati

dychati

smiati se

[ˈjet.ra]

[ˈpi.ci]

[ˈjes.ci]

[ˈhr̝is.ci]

[ˈse.sa.ci]

[ˈpʎu.va.ci]

[ˈbru.xa.ci]

[ˈdax.ta.ci]

[ˈdi.xa.ci]

[ˈsmi.ja.ci se]

viďeti

čuti

znáti

mysliti

myřisati

strach

spávati

živěti

umřeti

ubiti

[ˈvi.ɟe.ci]

[ˈtʃu.ci]

[ˈznaː.ci]

[ˈmis.ʎi.ci]

[mi.ˈr̝i.sa.ci]

[strax]

[ˈspaː.va.ci]

[ˈʒi.vje.ci]

[u.ˈmr̝e.ci]

[ˈu.bi.ci]

boryti se

loviti

udářiti

rezati

cěpati

ubosti

čéšati

kopati

plavati

létěti

[ˈbo.ri.ci se]

[ˈlo.vi.ci]

[u.ˈdaː.r̝i.ci]

[ˈre.za.ci]

[ˈtsje.pa.ci]

[u.ˈbos.ci]

[ˈtʃeː.ʃa.ci]

[ˈko.pa.ci]

[ˈpla.va.ci]

[ˈleː.ce.ci]

choditi

doťi

ležati

sěditi

státi

skréniti

pádati

dáti

dř'ati

stisniti

[ˈxo.ɟi.ci]

[ˈdo.ci]

[ˈle.ʒa.ci]

[ˈsje.ɟi.ci]

[ˈstaː.ci]

[ˈskreː.nu.ci]

[ˈpaː.da.ci]

[ˈdaː.ci]

[ˈdr̝.a.ci]

[ˈsci.sɲi.ci]

trľati

práti

obřísati

vléťi

hurati

báciti

vezati

šíti

račúnati

řéťi

[ˈtr̩.ʎa.ci]

[ˈpraː.ci]

[o.ˈbr̝i.sa.ci]

[ˈvlaː.ci]

[ˈhu.ra.ci]

[ˈbaː.tsi.ci]

[ˈve.za.ci]

[ˈʃiː.ci]

[ra.ˈtʃuː.na.ci]

[ˈr̝eː.ci]

pěvati

íhrati

plívati

téťi

zamrzniti

nabrekniti

solnce

měsec

zvězda

voda

[ˈpje.va.ci]

[ˈiː.hra.ci]

[ˈpʎiː.va.ci]

[ˈteː.ci]

[za.ˈmr̩z.ɲi.ci]

[na.ˈbrek.ɲi.ci]

[ˈsoln.tse]

[ˈmje.sets]

[ˈzvjez.da]

[ˈvo.da]

dážd

řeka

jezero

mouře

sol

kámen

pěsek

prách

zemľa

oblak

[daːʒd]

[ˈr̝eː.ka]

[ˈje.ze.ro]

[ˈmoː.r̝e]

[sol]

[ˈkaː.men]

[ˈpje.sek]

[praːx]

[ˈzem.ʎa]

[ˈob.lak]

mehla

nebo

věter

sněh

led

dym

požar

pepel

hořeti

cesta

[ˈmeɦ.la]

[ˈne.bo]

[ˈvje.ter]

[sɲeh]

[led]

[dim]

[ˈpo.ʒar]

[ˈpe.pel]

[ˈho.r̝e.ci]

[ˈtses.ta]

planina / hora

crven / rďeč

zelen

žolt

běl

crn

nouť

den

lěto

topel

[ˈpla.ɲi.na] / [ˈho.ra]

[ˈtsr̩.ven] / [ˈr̩.ɟetʃ]

[ˈze.len]

[ʒolt]

[bjel]

[tsr̩n]

[noːc]

[den]

[ˈʎe.to]

[ˈto.pel]

chladen

polen

nov

stár

dober

loš

hnyl

prľev

práv

kruhel

[ˈxla.den]

[ˈpo.len]

[nov]

[staːr]

[ˈdo.ber]

[loʃ]

[hnil]

[ˈpr̩.ʎev]

[praːv]

[ˈkru.ɦel]

ošter

tup

hladek

moker

such

právilen

blízek (adj)

dalek (adj)

desny (adj)

lěvy (adj)

[ˈoʃ.ter]

[tup]

[ˈhla.dek]

[ˈmo.ker]

[sux]

[ˈpraː.vi.len]

[ˈbliː.zek]

[ˈdaː.lek]

[ˈdes.ni]

[ˈʎe.vi]

na

u

s

in

če

kěr, zato

íme

-

-

-

[na]

[u]

[s]

[in]

[tʃe]

[kjer], [ˈza.to]

[ˈiː.me]

-

-

-

Translation of the text in the example of Croatian official print:

A SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF CROATIA

The capital city of the Independent State of Croatia is Ousěk (also known as Osijek). Ousěk is a large city in the eastern part of Croatia. Other important cities in Croatia are Kotořiba, Kranj, Ľubľana (Ljubljana) and Mářibor.

Croatia is a republic. This means, that Croatia does not have a king, rather a parliament. Members of parliament are elected by the people of Croatia. The current president of Croatia is Krunoslav Tomiť. He was elected during the year 2000. President Tomiť studied electrotechnical engineering and political philosophy at the "Nikola Tesla" Technical University in Belgrade (nowadays in Serbia). He was born in Běli Manastyr, not far to the north of Ousěk.

The most important industries of Croatia are agriculture and mining. Also, there are many factories in the regions of Ousěk and Ľubľana.