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Women are disproportionately affected by HIV in Tanzania. Gender inequality is widespread in the country, and increases many women’s vulnerability to HIV. Women also tend to become infected earlier because they have older partners and get married earlier.

In recent years, the number of people testing for HIV has rapidly increased in Eswatini. However high levels of HIV-related stigma mean many people, particularly men and young people, are reluctant to know their status.

South Africa’s antiretroviral treatment services have undergone dramatic expansion since the country implemented ‘test and treat’ in 2016. As a result, South Africa now has the largest antiretroviral treatment programme in the world.

The vast majority of people living with HIV are located in low- and middle- income countries, with an estimated 68% living in sub-Saharan Africa. Among this group 20.6 million are living in East and Southern Africa which saw 800,000 new HIV infections in 2018.