1. Death Camps

1.1. Poland

1.1.1.1. Used gassing chambers to kill over 700,000 inmates. Most of these inmates came form the Warsaw ghetto.

1.1.2. Auschwitz

1.1.2.1. Most notorious camp. Was an extermination and a labor camp. Germans did "experiments" on twins, dwarfs, and gypsies at this camp. Over one million people died at Auschwitz.

1.1.3. Birkenau

1.1.3.1. Birkenau was attached to Aushwitz as a killing center. Those who were not fit for work were sent to Birkenau to be gassed.

1.1.4. Belzec

1.1.4.1. Started off as a labor camp and then became an extermination camp. Used diesel fuels and then Zyklon-B to exterminate over 600,000 people.

1.1.5. Sobiber

1.1.5.1. Sobiber was a small extermination camp that gassed over 250,000 people. It is famous for the revolt that occurred when 300 inmates planed a revolt. Several inmates escaped, but the others were shot the next day.

1.1.6. Majdanek

1.1.6.1. Majdanek was originally constructed as a prisoner of war camp, but later became an extermination camp. Gassing chambers were installed and claimed the lives of thousands.

1.1.7. Chelmno

1.1.7.1. Chelmno took the loves of 170,000 to 360,000 women, children, and men. SS took jews into vans where carbon monoxide was inserted into the vans which killed the prisioners. Then other jewish men would unload the bodies into graves.

1.2. Austria

1.2.1. Gusen

1.2.1.1. The creation of Gusen was brutal. Prisoners from nearby camps were sent to cut stone from a stone quarry and create Gusen. Thousands died creating Gusen because of the hard labor and harsh guards. Once Gusen was created it became an extermination camp. Instead of using gas they put the prisoners in bath rooms where icy cold water came out of the ceiling. The prisoners then froze to death.

1.3. Croatia

1.3.1. Jasenovac

1.3.1.1. Jasenovac was a brutal death camp. At Jasenovac around 77,000-99,000 people were killed at Jasenovac. Many of the documents of Jasenovac were destroyed so historians do not know much about it. The guards at Jasenovac were very cruel and killed people at their will. People who were sent to Jasenovac were severely beaten and tortured.

2. Labor Camps

2.1. Poland

2.1.1. Plazow

2.1.1.1. Plazow was a forced labor camp with around 20,000 prisoners. Some were sent to work in factories in nearby towns witch saved the lives of many who were about to be deported to death camps.

2.1.2. Stutthof

2.1.2.1. Stutthof was a concentration camp under control by the police, but then switched control to the SS and became a forced labor camp.

2.2. Germany

2.2.1. Neuengamme

2.2.1.1. Neuengamme was a sub camp of Sachsenhausen. Neuengamme prisoners were used to build the camp larger and collect rubble from allied raid bombings in nearby towns. Prisoners were also subject to medical experimentation.

2.2.2. Bergen-Belsen

2.2.2.1. Bergen was originally a small camp until allied forces pushed Germans back. Many Jewish prisoners were transported causing the camp to overflow. This shortened rations of food per prisoner and caused thousands to die and become seriously ill. Many died of typhus after liberation

2.2.3. Buchenwald

2.2.3.1. Buchenwald was the largest camp within German borders. Buchenwald originally held political prisoners. After Kristallnacht many Jews were sent to the camp.

2.2.4. Flossenbuerg

2.2.4.1. Flossenbuerg was originally built for criminal offenders or political offenders,but later was used to hold Jews. Most of the labor was done making parts for German Aircraft

2.2.5. Dachau

2.2.5.1. Dachau was built by prisoners. After Kristallnacht Jews were put into Dachau. In Dachau many prisoners were used in scientific experiments. Dachau was also used to train new SS to be camp guards. Dachau was considered "The First Concentration Camp"

2.3. Austria

2.3.1. Mauthausen

2.3.1.1. Mauthausen was one of the toughest labor camps. The Germans put them under extreme labor causing many to die of starvation or exhaustion. Those too weak to work were left to die without food or water. In Mauthausen's sub camps conditions were so bad that some people resorted to cannibalism.

2.3.2. Vienna

2.3.2.1. Ten thousands of Jewish prisoners were sent to forced labor camps in Vienna. The labor camps in Vienna were controlled by the Mauthausen Camp.

2.4. Belgium

2.4.1. Breendonck

2.4.1.1. At first Breendonck was a military fort, but then became a place to hold Jews. Before the SS controlled the camp the conditions were tolerable, but then when the SS took over prisoners resorted to eating grass to try to stay alive. Breendonck was a small camp and on May 6, 1944 all the surviving prisoners were deported to concentration camps in germany.

3. Ghettos

3.1. Poland

3.1.1. Warsaw Ghetto

3.1.1.1. Four hundred thousand Jews were sent to live in a closed off area within the city of Warsaw. The area of 1.3 square miles was surrounded by a 10 foot wall with barbed wire and guards. Many died within the camp from starvation and disease.

3.1.2. Lodz

3.1.2.1. In Lodz 160,000 Jews crammed into a small section of town. Germans used the residents ins Lodz to work in factories built in the ghetto to make things for the German Military

3.1.3. Krakow (Cracow)

3.1.3.1. Although Krakow had much fewer residents then Lodz and Warsaw (15,000-20,000) it was also very crammed and was surrounded by a stone wall. Germans made factories inside the ghetto so the residents could produce items for the German Military.

3.1.4. Lvov

3.1.4.1. When Lvov was created and all the Jews were being sent from all over the city the police shot and killed the elderly and sick. Many of the residents were deported to nearby camps.

3.2. Hungary

3.2.1. Budapest

3.2.1.1. Budapest was one of the largest ghettos although it was only temporary. Around 70,000 Budapest Jews lived inside a brickyard and then were made to march on foot to Austria. Many died on this march and the rest were sent to concentration camps.

3.2.2. Satu-Mare

3.2.2.1. Satu-Mare was a temporary Ghetto with bearable living conditions. Jews in this ghetto had enough food and water and they went to work and lived normal lives except for a star on their cloths. SS guards guarded the ghetto at all times even though there was no walls or fences. The ghetto did not last long soon all the residents were deported to other camps.

3.3. Czechoslovakia

3.3.1. Theresienstadt

3.3.1.1. Theresienstadt was a transit camp and a ghetto. Theresienstadt was used to hold Jews until sending them to death camps and the Germans had factories in Theresienstadt. Theresienstadt had its own crematorium because of how many people died each day.

3.4. Belorussia

3.4.1. Minsk

3.4.1.1. Minsk was a large ghetto holding over 80,000 Jews. Inside the camp factories were built to put the Jews to forced labor. Many Jews were killed by gasses. Germans shoved many Jews into vans which were then gassed inside the van.

4. Resistance

4.1. Belorussia

4.1.1. In the ghetto of Minsk Jews formed a secret anti-German group. This group helped organize many escapes to the forests nearby. Over 10,000 Jews tried to escape from Minsk with the help of the anti-German group, but many of them were shot by German soldiers before getting to the forest.

4.2. Poland

4.2.1. In the Warsaw ghetto a huge group called the Jewish Fighting Organization planned a revolt against the Germans after the ghetto heard they were being deported to a killing center. When the Germans entered the ghetto the Jewish residents attacked the Germans with molotov cocktails, hand grenades, and some small arms. It took the Germans a few days to regain control of the ghetto.

4.2.2. Many other ghettos also planned revolts after hearing that many ghettos were being deported to killing centers. Many Jews also escaped into the forest and organized attacks to try to slow down the production of German arms or harass them in any way possible.

4.3. Germany

4.4. Ukraine

4.4.1. In Germany many people didn't believe in what Hitler was doing. small groups began to form to try to stop Hitler. Young residents deliberately did not participate in Hitler's Youth which was mandatory for residents in Germany. Military leaders also did not believe in Hitler's plans and tried to assassinate him on July 20, 1944 at his East Prussian headquarters at Rastenburg. These efforts did very little to impact Germany.

4.4.2. In western Ukraine Jewish camps were created by the resistance. These camps made clothing, cooked food, and repaired weapons for the resistance fighters. Over 10,000 Jews survived by taking refugee in these camps. Resistance groups called Partisan Units also harassed the Germans.

5. Antisemitism

5.1. Kristallnacht

5.1.1. Kristallnacht was the largest antisemitic act the Nazis did. Groups of people organized by the government did horrible things. Synagogues were burned to the ground, Jewish owned stores were ransacked, and Jewish homes were robbed of their valuables. Hundreds of thousands were arrested and sent to concentration camps. Insurance companies were not allowed to give money to the Jews to help rebuild their stores and synagogues and the police and firemen were not allowed to intervene.

5.2. Lies

5.2.1. The Government told the people of Germany many lies about the Jewish people. This caused people to hate Jews and attack them when told. The main lie was that Jewish people caused the Depression in Germany. They said that all Jews were rich and caused others to become poor by controlling the economy. This one of the main causes of the Holocaust.

5.3. Pogroms

5.3.1. A pogrom was a order by the Government to attack Jews or Jewish buildings. The Government formed groups that would attack Jewish facilities under a pogrom. The pogrom allowed these groups to cause harm without any punishment. police and firemen were not allowed to intervene unless German citizens that were not Jewish were in danger.

5.4. Rights

5.4.1. Jewish people also lost more then just possessions after Kristallnacht. The German government removed all Jewish people's rights. Because of this they were not allowed any freedom and allowed German Authorities to arrest and break into homes without any evidence. Jews were removed of all valuable possessions, jobs, and even homes and were forced to live in ghettos or were sent to concentration camps.