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Japan-ness in Architecture | The MIT Press

This article is not intended to be another preachy essay about the horrors of consumerism and the adverse effects of the Internet on the brains of our generation. This is simply an article inspired by the madness of hours and days of just preparing to study for the finals that are around the corner. I am writing to inspire you to actually start hitting the books instead of procrastinating.

The key measurement in Japanese architecture, which figures in the description of the various structures in the shinden-zukuri estate, is the space marked off between a pair of pillars. This space, usually translated into English as "bay," is what determines the size of a room or building, which is invariably laid out on a sort of grid. The bay is measured from the midpoint of one pillar to the midpot of the next. This measurement in Heian Japan -- at least as concerns shinden-zukuri architectural standards -- was one jô, or ten feet. This means the actual interstice between two pillars was nine feet.

Nov. 7-Jan. 31The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami left its mark on all who live in or are connected to Japan, including many of the country's architects. The destruction it caused made many realize that there are times when, no matter how ...

Japanese Essay - united architects - essays | essay …

Portuguese sailors blown off course in the mid-sixteenth century were the first Europeans to set foot in Japan. The Spanish soon followed, and eventually the Dutch and the British found their way to Japan too. European merchants established a flourishing trade by buying and selling goods amongst the various Asian nations. Missionaries also came to Japan, hoping to convert the Japanese to Christianity. They enjoyed some success in the southwestern island of Kyūshū, where a few daimyō became Catholic and ordered those living in their domains to convert as well. The Europeans were strange curiosities to the Japanese, and folding-screens of them—known as namban byōbu—show them as Japanese artists saw them, with balloon pants, high frill collars, long noses, and people of color attending them as slaves.

Influence of Japanese Architecture on Frank Lloyd Wright

''Easily the most interesting experience I’ve had as a UGA student has been as an undergraduate researcher in Dr. Tina Salguero’s laboratory in the chemistry department. My experience there afforded me the opportunity to present my work at the National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Philadelphia. I’ve also been given the opportunity to participate in two multidisciplinary, collaborative projects: The Oplontis Project and the Orpheus Relief Project. My work included executing the first-ever scientific materials analyses of ancient sculptures from Pompeii and Aphrodisias, Turkey, during which we discovered the only known use of a rare, brilliant blue pigment named lapis lazuli, in all of ancient Roman architecture.''

The key measurement in Japanese architecture ..

In fact, Johnson rejected a plethora of diplomatic initiatives during the month of February 1965. Appeals were made by Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, Pakistani leader Mohammad Ayub Khan, Japanese Prime Minister Eisaku Sato, Canadian Prime Minister Lester Pearson, and French foreign minister Maurice Couve de Murville. British Prime Minister Harold Wilson issued a statement on February 8 backing U.S. air strikes against North Vietnam but also instructed his ambassador in Washington, Lord Harlech, to meet with administration officials and request a new Geneva conference. In Rome, Pope Paul VI called for a negotiated settlement to the war sponsored and guaranteed by the United Nations. On February 24, UN Secretary-General U Thant, having tried and failed to broker a peace agreement, appealed directly to the American people, suggesting that the Johnson administration had not been fully candid about its war plans and operations:

Essay on Architecture by Henning Larsen Architects - …

Each area of emphasis pays equal attention to the four language skills of speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Graduates should be able to read diverse texts in Chinese, Japanese, or Korean, with little external help except from dictionaries, and should also be able to express ideas about complex social and literary issues orally and in writing.

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Finally, we should note that Shinto played an important part in Heian religious life as well. Unlike Buddhism, Shinto was not an organized religion with major texts. Rather, it was a set of native animistic beliefs centered on such natural geographic features as mountains, waterfalls, and trees. The emperor, who was supposed to be a descendant of the Shinto Sun Goddess Amaterasu, was the highest Shinto priest in the land. He spent much of his time conducting religious rituals for the state. A female member of the imperial family usually served as the high priestess at Ise, the most important Shinto shrine. Unlike Western traditions, in which religion is exclusive (you can only belong to one), the Japanese were much more flexible in their beliefs. Shinto and Buddhism coexisted peacefully. During the Heian period, Shinto shrines were often built close to or on the grounds of Buddhist temples, and Japanese devised a system for equating Buddhist deities with Shinto gods.

34 Thematic Essays on Japanese Art ..

Heian - Essay | Imaging Japanese History

Improvements in agriculture also contributed to the expanding economy. New strains of rice better resisted drought and disease. Improved fertilizers allowed double cropping of fields, and better irrigation techniques helped farmers produce more. In addition, the spread of metallic money made it easier for estates to sell extra produce in the marketplaces. Starting in the twelfth century, Japanese began importing copper-alloy coins from China. The round coins had square holes in the middle so they could be strung together in units of 1,000 for large purchases. Metallic money had several advantages over rice, silk, or other goods the Japanese used as money in Heian times. Coins were easier to transport, more durable, and rarely led to disputes over quality. By the Muromachi period, most urban residents used coins. Even many rural estates paid their taxes in cash.

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“ For this essay, I tried to recreate the central compound buildings in such a way that they would be understood by a layman without any grounding in architecture or specifically Japanese architecture. The reconstruction is intended to represent the quintessential shinden-zukuri, complete with all three flanking tai no ya and no extraneous magobisashi or hirobisashi to confuse the issue. I'm reasonably certain that, while this may not be an exact replication of any given Heian mansion, a Japanese nobleman of the tenth century would recognize the layout for what it is and be comfortable with it. ”

Tradition and creation in Japanese architecture

Noam Chomsky, professor of linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the son of an émigré Hebrew scholar, addressed the issue of the moral responsibility of intellectuals in a special supplement in the New York Review of Books in February 1967. Based on a thorough examination of U.S. policy in Vietnam, he judged that it was genocidal in conduct and imperialist in intent. Like other intellectuals on the left, he viewed U.S. involvement in Vietnam as neither an aberration nor a simple mistake but rather as part of a larger design to extend American hegemony. Chomsky examined the role of the intellectuals in World War II, particularly those in Germany and Japan who failed to speak out against the atrocities committed by their respective governments. Considering the relative freedom of Western societies, he argued that academics and intellectuals had a responsibility to “seek the truth hidden behind the veil of distortion and misrepresentation, ideology and class interest, through which the events of current history are presented to us.”