When we refer to exceptional pupils (from now on we shall refer to them in this work as extremely gifted or talented pupils), we ask ourselves the following questions, among others: How do we identify a highly gifted pupil, how to diagnose this and which is the best educational method. To answer these questions, we must first understand fully what an exceptional pupil (or an extremely gifted or talented pupil) is. Through this study, I would like to contribute to increasing the information available to teachers and facilitate to them motivating elements to improve educational practice, with the necessary organizational and methodological changes to cater to extremely gifted or talented pupils within diversity.