This chapter deals with the information-processing account of Fred Dretske, an account that combines the representational aspect of mental content and the teleological interpretation of its cognitive ...
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This chapter deals with the information-processing account of Fred Dretske, an account that combines the representational aspect of mental content and the teleological interpretation of its cognitive aspect. The core of his account of intentionality lies in his view of the human brain and its perceptual organs as an information-processing system, which in turn is based on ‘information theory’. His works Knowledge and the Flow of Information and Seeing and Knowing show that by using the information-processing input mechanism called the senses, and treating the brain as the information processor, one can build up an account of those paradigms' sophisticated intentional states, knowledge and belief. The chapter also discusses belief states, representational systems, and brain-level functional accounts and consciousness.Less

The Information-Processing Approach

William Lyons

Published in print: 1997-12-04

This chapter deals with the information-processing account of Fred Dretske, an account that combines the representational aspect of mental content and the teleological interpretation of its cognitive aspect. The core of his account of intentionality lies in his view of the human brain and its perceptual organs as an information-processing system, which in turn is based on ‘information theory’. His works Knowledge and the Flow of Information and Seeing and Knowing show that by using the information-processing input mechanism called the senses, and treating the brain as the information processor, one can build up an account of those paradigms' sophisticated intentional states, knowledge and belief. The chapter also discusses belief states, representational systems, and brain-level functional accounts and consciousness.

This book surveys the law and policy of regulating information flows in capital markets. Part I begins with an overview of the themes, regulatory principles, and challenges that animate information ...
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This book surveys the law and policy of regulating information flows in capital markets. Part I begins with an overview of the themes, regulatory principles, and challenges that animate information policy, and describes the principal industry, self-regulatory, and regulatory bodies that participate in the governance of information flows in capital markets. Part I further surveys four categories of information in the information production chain: corporate disclosures, quotation and transaction information, information used in credit analysis, and benchmarks. The book discusses how each category of information is generated and used and the reasons why regulators seek to intervene in its production or use. It also provides a summary of the relevant framework for securities regulation in the United States, European Union, and other jurisdictions. Part II articulates several objectives of information policy in capital markets—ensuring transparency and access, promoting standardization and higher orders of meaning, and upholding integrity. This Part considers how regulatory aims differ by category and surveys alternative regulatory strategies, often with a view to replacing relatively inflexible regulatory frameworks with more flexible market mechanisms. Part III considers three specific challenges to capital markets regulation—automation, information overload or anxiety, and globalization—and how they affect the utility, integrity, and availability of information flows. This Part assesses the strategies by which policy makers have confronted these challenges, and offers some concluding thoughts on the implications of these phenomena for financial regulation and information policy.Less

Chasing the Tape : Information Law and Policy in Capital Markets

Onnig H. Dombalagian

Published in print: 2015-04-03

This book surveys the law and policy of regulating information flows in capital markets. Part I begins with an overview of the themes, regulatory principles, and challenges that animate information policy, and describes the principal industry, self-regulatory, and regulatory bodies that participate in the governance of information flows in capital markets. Part I further surveys four categories of information in the information production chain: corporate disclosures, quotation and transaction information, information used in credit analysis, and benchmarks. The book discusses how each category of information is generated and used and the reasons why regulators seek to intervene in its production or use. It also provides a summary of the relevant framework for securities regulation in the United States, European Union, and other jurisdictions. Part II articulates several objectives of information policy in capital markets—ensuring transparency and access, promoting standardization and higher orders of meaning, and upholding integrity. This Part considers how regulatory aims differ by category and surveys alternative regulatory strategies, often with a view to replacing relatively inflexible regulatory frameworks with more flexible market mechanisms. Part III considers three specific challenges to capital markets regulation—automation, information overload or anxiety, and globalization—and how they affect the utility, integrity, and availability of information flows. This Part assesses the strategies by which policy makers have confronted these challenges, and offers some concluding thoughts on the implications of these phenomena for financial regulation and information policy.

Emerging technologies challenge long-standing social norms regarding personal information sharing. In this chapter, we assess contemporary health self-tracking practices through the lens of ...
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Emerging technologies challenge long-standing social norms regarding personal information sharing. In this chapter, we assess contemporary health self-tracking practices through the lens of Contextual Integrity, an analytical privacy framework that demands a full consideration of the social settings in which novel practices are situated, including the type of information at issue, the identity of the information subjects, senders, and recipients, and the social norms underlying the context in which new information flows occur. We consider the roles of architecture, law, and policy for protecting privacy as individuals and societies discover, adjust to, and resist new technologies, and we argue that novel information flows brought about by new practices are best evaluated according to the ends, purposes, and values of the contexts in which they are embedded.Less

Biosensing in Context: Health Privacy in a Connected World

Helen NissenbaumHeather Patterson

Published in print: 2016-05-13

Emerging technologies challenge long-standing social norms regarding personal information sharing. In this chapter, we assess contemporary health self-tracking practices through the lens of Contextual Integrity, an analytical privacy framework that demands a full consideration of the social settings in which novel practices are situated, including the type of information at issue, the identity of the information subjects, senders, and recipients, and the social norms underlying the context in which new information flows occur. We consider the roles of architecture, law, and policy for protecting privacy as individuals and societies discover, adjust to, and resist new technologies, and we argue that novel information flows brought about by new practices are best evaluated according to the ends, purposes, and values of the contexts in which they are embedded.