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Doing better for Children On average OECD countries invest 2 times more in middle childhood than in early childhood, Slightly more 12% in late childhood than in middle childhood And about 2.3 times more in late childhood than in early childhood Early childhood investment is mainly in cash transfers, health and childcare Middle and late childhood investments focus on education

The chart depicts the proportion of top performers in science defined as those 15-year-old students who are proficient at Levels 5 and 6 on the PISA 2006 science scale and indicates near the country name the score in science for each country.

There is a significant deterioration of 15-24 unemployment rates mid-2009 compared to end-2007

represented 12 % of the 15-24-year olds in the OECD in 2006 of which almost two-thirds are inactive or long-term unemployed

During the crisis unemployment of youth foreign born reached 15% in the US, 20% in Canada and 24% in the EU15 As high as 40% in Spain and 35% in Sweden. Adressing this problem, including specific measures should be a priority in order to avoid negative long lasting impacts on the labour market integration of this cohort which could lead to both stigmatization and unrest. Migration Outlook 2010

During the crisis unemployment of youth foreign born reached 15% in the US, 20% in Canada and 24% in the EU15 As high as 40% in Spain and 35% in Sweden. Adressing this problem, including specific measures should be a priority in order to avoid negative long lasting impacts on the labour market integration of this cohort which could lead to both stigmatization and unrest. Migration Outlook 2010

10.
The youth are said to be the hope of every nation… What policies, what legislation ? … for them to consolidate and live in a stronger, cleaner and fairer world economy?

11.
Investing adequately in youth at the different stages of their development, is an important part of the solution Source: OECD Doing better for children Public social expenditure per capita by stage of childhood, 2003

17.
… noteworthy, not necessarily use at school… Source: OECD The new millenium learners

18.
… but familiarity with technology in their daily lives Source: OECD The new millenium learners

19.
Inclusion matters: countries that have made bigger generational leaps among OECD countries are also those that have grown faster in the past few decades Percentage of population in each cohort with at least upper secondary education

20.
Completion matters: Many countries have extraordinary intergenerational advances in access to university… Percentage of population in each cohort with at least tertiary education

22.
… thus profoundly eroding the demographic bonus Percentage of Students attending school at 15 (2006)

23.
… and seriously limiting their employability Employment probability of 15-29 school-leavers based on their education completion Source: OECD Education database. * Share of youth in employment with less than an upper secondary education qualification or ”drop-outs” in parenthesis. employment

24.
In general, youth face a much higher risk of unemployment than adults … Unemployed as a % of the labour force , 2 d quarter 2009 Source: National labour force surveys.

29.
Can we avoid a hope generation becoming a lost generation… Legislation can do significantly about it

30.
The transition matters: takes time almost everywhere, particularly for low-skilled youth Source: National labour force surveys. Expected number of years spent in employment in the five years after leaving education, 2008

31.
Internship helps: combining school and work facilitates labor market entry Correlation between the employment rate of school leavers aged 25-29 and the share of students working before they reach 25 Source: European Union labour force survey.

34.
However, unbalanced employment protection legislation between temporary and permanent contracts can become a trap and even discourage youth from the labour market Impact of equal-treatment laws on training and job security Probability of part-time compared to full-time employees, percentage points Note : *** statistically significant at 1% level. Source : OECD calculations using data from the 1995, 2000 and 2005 European Working Conditions Survey.

36.
… and a second chance to gain the skills needed on the labour market for the “Youth left behind” <ul><ul><li>The NEET group (neither in employment, nor in education or training) </li></ul></ul>

37.
… many of which fall under the category of migrants International migration Unemployment rate differencial of migrant population vs native-born population Unemployment rates (15-64) by place of birth in selected OECD countries, 2007-2009 Source: International Migration Outlook 2010

38.
… who have contributed substantially to the employment growth and productivity of recipient countries Distribution of the components of change in employment, 2005-2008, selected OECD countries Source: International Migration Outlook 2010

39.
The solution to the main social and global challenges ahead us…. Largely depend upon… … the policies in favor of and investment in the world youth population sustainable development

40.
… if we do so, we might probably induce a positive answer to the question below

41.
Investing in Youth as a strategy for a stronger, cleaner and fairer world economy José Antonio Ardavín Head OECD Mexico Centre for Latin America World Youth Conference Mexico 2010, Parliamentary Forum Mexico City| August 25, 2010 Presentation available at www.oecd.org/centrodemexico