Washington AP, May 22, 1988, Barton Reppert Associated Press Writer, Looking at the Moscow Signal, the Zapping of an Embassy 35 years later, The Mystery Lingers. Reppert stated, " Since the early 1980s, however, federal government support for non-ionizing radiation bioeffects research has declined markedly. W. Ross Adey, a leading researcher based at the Veteran's Administration Medical Center in Loma Linda, Calif., told a House subcommittee last Oct. 6 that current levels of government funding -now about $7 million a year- are "disastrously low. There is reason to believe that this situation has arisen in part through a well-organized activity on the part of major corporate entities from the consumer and military electronic industries to discredit all research into athermal biological and biomedical effects," Adey said"

Neurological Research, Vol. 4, No 1/2, 1982, Dr. Ross Adey, "It is now well established that intrinsic electromagnetic fields play a key role in a broad range of tissue functions including ...information transmission in the nervous system."

Dr. Stefan Possony was a Hoover Institute fellow and was called "the intellectual father of 'Star Wars' and "one of the most influential civilian strategic planners in the Pentagon" ( Guardian,1995,17). Dr. Possony wrote about "messaging directly into a target mind" with low frequency waves. Defense & Foreign Affairs. P.34(1983,July), "Scientific Advances Hold Dramatic Prospects for Psy-Strat", Possony, Stefan. "Associate Editor Dr. Stefan Possony discusses how scientists are facing the prospect of messaging directly into a target mind. Whither psy-war? Suppose it becomes feasible to affect brain cells by low frequency waves or beams, thereby altering psychological states, and making it possible to transmit suggestions and commands directly into the brain. Who is so rash as to doubt that technological breakthroughs of this general type would not be put promptly to psyops use? More importantly who would seriously assume that such a technology would not be deployed to accomplish political and military surprise? A few years ago there was much excitement about the Soviet microwave "bombardment" of the US Embassy in Moscow. Why did the KGB, then under Yuri Andropov's leadership, embark on this seemingly scurrilous -- and very prolonged --effort? There was no answer to this question, except that the KGB must have wished to harass US diplomats and cause them to worry about their health. This theory was never convincing. The question was raised whether the Soviets had discovered a technique of using microwaves for psychological purposes, and whether they were experimenting with this technique on US specialists on the USSR, unwittingly pressed into Soviet service as guinea pigs. Impossible, replied the State Department, the waves cannot break through the blood-brain barrier, and thermal effects are so negligible that the body would not be affected. Nevertheless, embassy personnel were indemnified for health damage. By 1979, at the latest, it was known that electromagnetic fields raising body temperatures less than .1 degrees Celsius may result in somatic changes. It was most surprising that such a trivial temperature rise was having any effects, and even more astonishing that those effects were significant. Chemical, physiological and behavioral changes can occur within "windows" of frequency and energy continua. Another is at the level of the human electroencephalogram (EEG), which is in the range of extremely low radio and sound waves, around 20 Hertz. Let us cut the story to the minimum. The original model, according to which the blood-brain barrier cannot be broken, was derived from the axiom that electromagnetic waves interact with tissue in a linear manner. However, it turned out that the molecular vibrations caused by a stimulating extracellular electromagnetic field are non-linear. In the US, the pioneering work seems to have been done by Albert F. Lawrence and w. Ross Adey, writing in Neurological Research, Volume 4, 1982."

Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily", June 7, 1983. "On April 29, 1983, Associate Editor Dr. Stefan Possony, addressing the Defense 83 meeting sponsored by Defense & Foreign Affairs, reported on Dr. Adey's work and on the work by Dr. A.S. Davydov of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Davydov discovered how the blood-brain barrier can be penetrated by low frequency beams and directly affect cells in the brain. Possony's remarks were delivered to a panel studying psychological warfare. [Part of that paper is printed below--Ed.] In the US research on direct brain waves has scarcely begun, and the USSR has a lead of approximately 25 years. Once it is matured the new technology will be extraordinarily significant in medicine. It also may have major impacts on communications, intelligence, and psychological operations, and permit deliberate physiological impairment. The KGB is known to be interested in the program. It is not known whether the US and other Governments are trying to determine whether their countries have become targets of clandestine brain waves beamed from the USSR. Suppression of nonthermal emr research by US government and emr industry for fifty years is documentedMicrowave Debate by Nicholas Steneck, 1984, MIT Press, page 84. Following the UCLA conference, the military, which controlled the RF bioeffects pursestrings and therefore made the major policy decisions, decided both to fish and cut bait. Publicly talk of athermal effects was downplayed. Open contracts were not awarded for athermal or central nervous system studies, and in fact efforts were even made to keep information about central nervous system research from circulating too widely. Privately, however, the military and the State Department began work to try to determine whether there was any factual basis for a belief in the direct effect of RF radiation on human behavior and whether perhaps the Soviets had gotten the jump in exploiting such effects for espionage and military purposes. The primary motivation for the work was a desire to find out the purpose of a beam of microwave radiation that was being directed at the U.S. embassy in Moscow. This and all subsequent information on the UCLA meeting is taken from the unpublished minutes: "Neurological Responses to External Electromagnetic Energy (A Critique of Currently Available Data and Hypotheses)," co sponsored by the Brain Research Institute, UCLA and the Air Force Systems Command, July 11, 1963, USAF Contract 18(600)-2057.

Zapping of America by Paul Brodeur, 1977. [The following comments are by Milton Zaret, an opthmalogist who was paid by the Air Force to examine the eyes of military radar technicians in 1959. Zaret has documented that the posteriour capsular cataract was a "marker disease", " a medical indication", of sustained exposure to low-level microwaves. This finding was hotly disputed by the military. After Zaret published these findings, the Air Force announced it had no intention of pursuing the matter. Dr. Zaret is now bitterly suspicious of the military's motives in this whole business. Zaret believes that the military is eager to suppress studies of low-level microwave hazards.] "By this time, I had been approached on a number of occasions by the Central Intelligence Agency. The contacts were innocuous to begin with. At first, the CIA people wanted to know about research I had performed on the ophthalmological effects of microwave and laser radiation. They also wanted me to analyze some of the foreign and American literature on the subject of radiation for them. In 1964, however, they started asking me about the possible behavioral effects of microwaves. They wanted to know, for example, whether I thought that electromagnetic radiation beamed at the brain from a distance could affect the way a person might act. I said that from what I had read primarily in Soviet literature on the subject it seemed conceivable. During 1964 and 1965, I had a number of visits from a medical doctor who worked for the agency. He wanted to know if a device that took pictures at night with an invisible laser beam instead of a conventional flashbulb was safe to use. When I exposed the eye of a rabbit to the beam I found that it produced an immediate retinal hemorrhage, so I told him that in my opinion the device was not safe. He also wanted answers to a number of theoretical questions. For instance, would a laser beam directed at a listening device planted on a windowsill be liable to injure anyone inside the room that was being bugged? And could microwaves be used to facilitate brainwashing or to break down prisoners under interrogation?"

Trial 8-90 page 32, Bruce H. DeBoskey, "Non-Ionizing Radiation: Hidden Hazards". It summarizes the litigation surrounding prolonged exposure to NIEMR or non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation. This is a good reference article and it demonstrates the difficulty involved in court cases filed by victims. The article stated "the potential for hazards from NIEMR has long been known to the industries involved." "...Some industries have been funding research designed to show the absence of harm to workers or the general public." Fifty years later, nonthermal effects of emr are the scientific basis for weapons and biological basis of brain function, human rights professionals, military, civilian and top government science advisor sayInternational Review of the Red Cross 279, 1, Nov. 1990 entitled "The Development of New Antipersonnel Weapons by Louise Doswald-Beck and Gerald C. Cauderay. " Directed Energy Weapons. ...Research work in this field has been carried out in almost all industrialized countries, and especially by the great powers, with a view to using these phenomena for anti-materiel or anti-personnel purposes. ...It is possible today to generate a very powerful microwave pulse (e.g., between 150 and 3,000 megahertz), with an energy level of several hundreds of megawatts. Using specially adapted antenna systems, these generators could in principle transmit over hundreds of metres sufficient energy to cook a meal. However, it is important to mention that the lethal of incapacitating effects which can be expected from weapons systems using this technology can be produced with much lower energy levels. Using the principle of magnetic field concentration, which permits the control of the geometry on the target, by means of antenna systems especially designed for the purpose, the radiated energy can be concentrated on very small surfaces of the human body, for example the base of the brain where relatively low energy can produce lethal effects....In spite of the rarity of publications on this subject, and the fact that it is usually strictly classified information, research undertaken in this field seems to have demonstrated that very small amounts of electromagnetic radiation could appreciably alter the functions of living cells. Research work has also revealed that pathological effects close to those induced by highly toxic substances could be produced by electromagnetic radiation even at very low power, especially those using a pulse shape containing a large number of different frequencies. ...Some research seem to have confirmed that lo-level electromagnetic fields, modulated to be similar to normal brainwaves, could seriously affect brain function. Experiments with pulsed magnetic fields carried out in animals have reportedly produced specific effects such as inducing sleep and triggering anxiety or aggressiveness, depending on the modulation of the frequency used. It is, on the other hand, well known that lethal effects can also be produced by using higher power levels than those used for the experiments on behaviour modification. An anti-personnel weapon based on such biophysical principles could produce similar effects to those of a nerve gas, but would have no secondary effects and leave no lasting trace."

US News & World Report, 7-7-97, "Wonder Weapons", an article on emr weapons by Douglas Pasternak, page 40. "In fact, the military routinely has approached the national Institutes of Health for research information. "DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) has come to use every few years to see if there are ways to incapacitate the central nervous system remotely," Dr. F. Terry Hambrecht, head of the Neural Prosthesis Program at NIH, told U.S. News. "But nothing has ever come of it," he said, "That is too science fiction and far-fetched."

US News & World Report, Jan3/Jan 10 2000, Page 67,"Reading your mind and injecting smart thoughts", John Norseen, " The Lockheed Martin neuroengineer hopes to turn the "electrohypnomentalophone," a mind reading machine...into science fact. Norseen's interest in the brain stems from a Soviet book he read in the mid-1980s, claiming that research on the mind would revolutionize the military and society at large. The former Navy pilot coined the term "BioFusion" to cover his plans to map and manipulate gray matter, leading (he hopes) to advances in medicine, national security, and entertainment. BioFusion would be able to convert thoughts into computer commands, predicts Norseen, by deciphering the brain's electrical activity. electromagnetic pulsations would trigger the release of the brain's own neurotransmitters to fight off disease, enhance learning, or alter the mind's visual images, creating what Norseen has dubbed "synthetic reality." ...The key is finding "brain prints." "Think of your hand touching a mirror," explains Norseen. "It leaves a fingerprint." BioFusion would reveal the fingerprints of the brain by using mathematical models. "Just like you can find one person in a million through fingertips," he says, "you can find one thought in a million. "It sounds crazy, but Uncle Sam is listening. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and the Army's National ground Intelligence center have all awarded small basic research contracts to Norseen, who works for Lockheed Martin's Intelligent Systems Division. Norseen is waiting to hear if the second stage of these contracts--portions of them classified--comes through. Norseen's theories are grounded in current science. ...By viewing a brain scan recorded by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine, scientists can tell what the person was doing at the time of the recording--say, reading or writing. Emotions from love to hate can be recognized from the brain's electrical activity. "It this research pans out, says Norseen, "you can begin to manipulate what someone is thinking even before they know it." Thought police. He has submitted a research-and -development plan to the Pentagon, at its request, to identify a terrorist's mental profile. A miniaturized brain-mapping device inside an airport metal detector would screen passengers' brain patterns against a dictionary of brain prints. Norseen predicts profiling by brain print will be in place by 2005. ...Norseen would like to draw upon Russian brain-mimicking software and American brain-mapping break-through to allow that communication to take place in a less invasive way. A modified helmet could record a pilot's brain waves. ...If the pilot misheard instructions to turn 090 degrees and was thinking 080 degrees," the helmet would detect the error, then inject the right number via electromagnetic waves. If this research pans out, say Norseen, "you can begin to manipulate what someone is thinking even before they know it."

US News & World Report, Jan 3-10, 2000, Page 68, Rodolfo Llinas. "A grand unification theory of the brain" . "...Using a Meg--a technology Llinas helped develop--he has been studying the brain's electromagnetic waves. What he has found in broad paraphrase is that the thalamus is in constant dialogue with the brain's higher processing centers: An electromagnetic loop sends pulses from the thalamus to the cortex, but the different sensory centers of the brain also message the thalamus in return. Consciousness exists when these oscillations are in sync--pulsing at the same rate--so smells, sounds, and so forth assemble in a kind of electromagnetic symphony."