Abstract

The SAGE Handbook of Political Communication is an authoritative and comprehensive survey of political communication drawing together a team of the world’s leading scholars to provide a state-of-the-art review that sets the agenda for future study.

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Notes on Contributors

[Page ix]

Kees Aarts is Professor of Political Science in the School of Management and Governance and Scientific Director of the Institute for Innovation and Governance Studies (IGS) at the University of Twente. His research focuses on democracy, elections and electoral behavior, in the Netherlands as well as in an international comparative perspective.

Sean Aday is an Associate Professor of Media and Public Affairs and International Affairs at George Washington University, where he is also director of the Institute for Public Diplomacy and Global Communication and of the Global Communication MA program. His work focuses on the intersection of the press, politics and public opinion, especially in relation to war and foreign policy, and he has been involved in media and government capacity training projects globally, including in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Scott L. Althaus is an Associate Professor of Political Science and Communication at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. His research examines the communication processes by which ordinary citizens and government officials exchange politically relevant information, as well as the impact of strategic communication efforts on news discourse and public opinion. He is the author of Collective Preferences in Democratic Politics (Cambridge University Press, 2003), which addresses the uses of opinion surveys for political representation. He is currently working on books about the dynamics of public support for war and the role of strategic communication in shaping news coverage about war.

Susan A. Banducci is Professor of Political Science at the University of Exeter. She is currently coordinating a training network in electoral democracy that involves 18 researchers from 9 countries. Her research focuses on campaigns, elections and media and has appeared in The Journal of Politics, British Journal of Political Science, Electoral Studies, Journal of European Public Policy and Information Polity.

Kevin G. Barnhurst is Professor, Department of Communication, University of Illinois at Chicago. For the International Communication Association (ICA), he was the founding chair of Visual Communication Studies. His books include Media Queered: Visibility and its Discontents (Lang, 2007), an edited collection; The Form of News, A History (Guilford, 2001), with John Nerone, the ICA Outstanding Book of 2003 and recipient of the MEA Suzanne Langer Award (2002) and AEJMC Covert Award for media history (2001); and Seeing the Newspaper (St Martin's, 1994), winner of a Mellett citation for media criticism and named an In These Times magazine best book. His more than 100 publications include scholarly work in English, Italian and Spanish.

Vanessa B. Beasley is an Associate Professor of Communication Studies at Vanderbilt University. She is the author of You, the People: American National Identity in Presidential Rhetoric (Texas A&M University Press) and editor of Who Belongs in America: Presidents, Rhetoric and Immigration (Texas A&M University Press). Her research has also been published in Quarterly Journal of Speech, Rhetoric & Public Affairs, Political Communication, Communication Monographs and elsewhere. The recipient of numerous teaching awards, Beasley teaches courses in mass media and politics, presidential rhetoric, rhetorical criticism and the history of public address in the USA.

[Page x]

W. Lance Bennett is Professor of Political Science and Ruddick C. Lawrence Professor of Communication at University of Washington in Seattle. He is also Director of the Center for Communication & Civic Engagement (http://www.engagedcitizen.org). He has authored numerous books and articles on ways in which mediated communication affects the qualities and processes of civic engagement and political participation. He is editor of Civic Life Online: Learning How Digital Media Can Engage Youth (MIT Press, 2008).

Bruce Bimber is Professor of Political Science and (by affiliation) Communication at the University of California, where he is also Founder and Director Emeritus of the Center for Information Technology and Society. He studies political communication, especially the role of digital media in political behavior and collective action. He is the author of Information and American Democracy (Cambridge University Press, 2003), Campaigning Online (with Richard Davis, Oxford University Press, 2003) and The Politics of Expertise in Congress (SUNY Press, 1996). His most recent book is Collective Action in Organizations (with Andrew Flanagin and Cynthia Stohl, Cambridge University Press, 2012). He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Jay G. Blumler is an Emeritus Professor of Public Communication at the University of Leeds, where he directed its Centre for Television Research from 1963 to his retirement in 1989, and Emeritus Professor of Journalism at the University of Maryland, where he taught and researched throughout the 1980s. His first publication in the field was a booklet on Television and Citizenship (with John Madge, 1966). Other major works include: Television in Politics: Its Uses and Influence (with Denis McQuail, 1968), The Uses of Mass Communications: Current Perspectives on Gratifications Research (with Elihu Katz, 1974), The Crisis of Public Communication (with Michael Gurevitch, 1995), ‘The Third Age of Political Communication: Influences and Features’ (with Dennis Kavanagh, 1999) and The Internet and Democratic Citizenship: Theory, Practice and Policy (with Stephen Coleman, 2009).

María José Canel is Professor of Political Communication at the University Complutense of Madrid, Spain. She is also Vice Chair of the Political Communication Section (IAMCR) and of the European Communication Research and Education Association (ECREA) and Founding President of ACOP Asociación de Comunicación Política. She has published nationally and internationally on government communication and related matters: Morality Tales: Political Scandals in Britain and Spain in the 1990s (co-authored with K. Sanders, Hampton Press, 2006); Comunicación de las instituciones públicas [Communicating Public Institutions] (Tecnos, 2007). She has also published in Local Government Studies, Journal of Political Communication, European Journal of Communication and Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism.

Sam Cherribi is Senior Lecturer in Sociology at the Emory University and has served two terms in the Dutch parliament. His previous book, In the House of War: Dutch Islam Observed was published by Oxford University Press in 2010. His new book is titled Bullets of Truth: How Al Jazeera is Becoming the New Arab State (Forthcoming). The book exposes how Al Jazeera, the flagship media network of the Arab world, has been shaping world politics and society leading up to and in the wake of the Arab Spring uprisings.

Dennis Chong holds the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Chair in Political Science at Northwestern University. He is the editor of the Cambridge University Press book series, Cambridge Studies in Public Opinion and Political Psychology. He has written books and articles on a wide range of subjects in the behavioral sciences including collective action, rationality, ideology, political tolerance and public opinion. He is currently completing a book on the framing of political communications.

Stephen Coleman is Professor of Political Communication at the Institute of Communications Studies at the University of Leeds. His two most recently published books are: The Internet and Democratic Citizenship: Theory, Practice and Policy (with Jay G. Blumler, Cambridge University Press, 2009); The Media and the Public: ‘Them’ and ‘Us’ in Media Discourse (with Karen Ross, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) and Connecting Democracy: Online Consultation and the Flow of Political Communication (co-edited with Peter Shane, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press). His next book, to be published by Cambridge University Press, is a cultural study of voting.

Ann N. Crigler is Professor of Political Science at the University of Southern California. She is co-author, editor or co-editor of Common Knowledge: News and the Construction of Political Meaning[Page xi](University of Chicago Press, 1992), Crosstalk: Citizens, Candidates and the Media in a Presidential Campaign (University of Chicago Press, 1996), which won the 2003 Doris Graber Best Book Award given by the American Political Science Association's Political Communication Division, The Psychology of Political Communication (University of Michigan Press, 1996) and Rethinking the Vote: The Politics and Prospects of American Election Reform (Oxford University Press, 2004) as well as numerous articles and essays on political communication, elections, emotions and political behavior. Her most recent book is a co-edited volume, The Affect Effect: Dynamics of Emotion in Political Thinking and Behavior (University of Chicago Press, 2007).

Richard Davis is Professor of Political Science at Brigham Young University. He is the author of Typing Politics: The Role of Blogs in American Politics (Oxford University Press, 2009), The Web of Politics (Oxford University Press, 1999) and Politics Online: Blogs, Chatrooms, and Discussion Groups in American Democracy (Routledge, 2005). He is co-editor of Making a Difference: A Comparative View of the Role of the Internet in Election Politics (with Stephen Ward, Diana Owen and David Taras, Lexington, 2008). He also is co-author of Campaigning Online (with Bruce Bimber, Oxford University Press, 2003) and New Media and American Politics (with Diana Owen, Oxford University Press, 1998).

Michael X. Delli Carpini is Dean of the University of Pennsylvania's Annenberg School for Communication. He is author or co-author of Stability and Change in American Politics: The Coming of Age of the Generation of the 1960s (New York University Press, 1986), What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters (Yale University Press, 1996), which won the 2008 American Association of Public Opinion Researchers Book Award, A New Engagement? Political Participation, Civic Life and the Changing American Citizen (Oxford University Press, 2006), Talking Together: Public Deliberation and Political Participation in America (University of Chicago Press, 2009) and After Broadcast News: Media Regimes, Democracy, and the New Information Environment (Cambridge University Press, 2011), as well as numerous articles, essays and edited volumes on political communications, public opinion, political knowledge and political socialization.

Claes H. de Vreese is Professor and Chair of Political Communication and Scientific Director of The Amsterdam School of Communication Research at the Department of Communication Science at the University of Amsterdam. He is the founding Director of the Center for Politics and Communication (http://www.polcomm.org) and Ajunct Professor of Political Science and Journalism at the University of Southern Denmark. He is also the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Public Opinion Research (IJPOR). His research interests include comparative journalism research, the effects of news, public opinion and European integration, effects of information and campaigning on elections, referendums and direct democracy.

James N. Druckman holds the Payson S. Wild Chair in Political Science and is a faculty fellow at the Institute for Policy Research at Northwestern University. He is an editor of the University of Chicago Press book series, Chicago Studies in American Politics and the journal Public Opinion Quarterly. His work focuses on preference formation and communication. He is currently completing a book on the framing of political communications.

Robert M. Entman is J.B. and M.C. Shapiro Professor of Media and Public Affairs and Professor of International Affairs at The George Washington University. Author most recently of Projections of Power: Framing News, Public Opinion and US Foreign Policy (Chicago University Press, 2004), he is working on Framing Failure with George Washington colleagues Sean Aday and Steven Livingston. His other books include The Black Image in the White Mind: Media and Race in America (with Andrew Rojecki, University of Chicago, 2000), which won Harvard's Goldsmith Book Prize, the Lane Award from the American Political Science Association and other awards.

William P. Eveland, Jr is a Social & Behavioral Sciences Joan N. Huber Faculty Fellow and Professor of Communication and Political Science at the Ohio State University. His current research examines the role of political discussion in creating informed and active citizens. He has also published on the role of traditional news media and new communication technologies in political learning and participation. He has been recipient of the International Communication Association's Young Scholar Award (2003) and the Association for Education in Journalism & Mass Communication's Krieghbaum Under-40 Award (2007).

[Page xii]

Joanna Everitt is a Professor of Political Science at the University of New Brunswick in Saint John. She specializes in Canadian politics, gender and politics and political behavior. She is the co-author of Advocacy Groups: The Canadian Democratic Audit (with Lisa Young, University of British Columbia Press, 2004) and the co-editor of Citizen Politics: Research and Theory in Canadian Political Behavior (Oxford University Press, 2002). Her work has also appeared in dozens of articles in journals and edited collections.

Fred Fletcher is University Professor Emeritus, Communication Studies and Political Science at York University. He was founding Director of the Joint Graduate Program in Communication and Culture (at York and Ryerson Universities), 1998–2006 and has served as President of the Canadian Communication Association and of the Canadian Media Research Consortium. He is co-author of Canada Online! The Internet, Media and Emerging Technologies (2008), Report Card on the Canadian News Media (2004) and its sequel, Canadian Audiences and the Future of News (2008) and Fairness in the Media: A Study of Perceptions of Fairness in Political Coverage (2008). He is editor and co-author of a comparative volume, Media, Elections and Democracy (1991). Dr Fletcher's paper, ‘The Future of News in the Digital Era’, was published in Australian Policy Online in July 2007.

Deen G. Freelon is a PhD student in the Department of Communication at the University of Washington in Seattle. His research interests address the ways in which digital communication technologies influence political communication practices (and vice versa) at the individual, national and international levels.

Kim L. Fridkin is a professor of Political Science at Arizona State University. She has contributed articles to the American Political Science Review, American Journal of Politics and the Journal of Politics. She is the co-author of No-Holds Barred: Negative Campaigning in U.S. Senate Campaigns (Prentice Hall, 2004), co-author of The Spectacle of U.S. Senate Campaigns (Princeton University Press, 1999) and author of The Political Consequences of Being a Woman (Columbia University Press, 1996). Professor Fridkin's current research interests are negative campaigning, women and politics and senate elections.

Christine Garlough is an Assistant Professor of Rhetoric, Department of Communication Arts at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her interests revolve around the areas of rhetorical theory, feminist theory and critical social theory. Her work with grassroots feminist groups in India and diasporic South Asian communities in the USA has focused on the use of performance to make rhetorical claims about issues of social justice and human rights. This research, combining ethnographic fieldwork and rhetorical analysis, has been published in outlets such as Quarterly Journal of Speech, Journal of American Folklore and Women's Studies in Communication.

Rachel K. Gibson is Professor of Political Science in the Institute for Social Change, University of Manchester and directs the cross-disciplinary Democracy, Citizens and Elections Research Network (DCERN) based in the School of Social Sciences (http://www.dcern.org.uk). She has published widely in international journals and edited several books on parties and citizens use of the Internet including The Internet and Politics: Citizens, Voters and Activists (with Sarah Oates and Diana Owen, Routledge, 2005), Electronic Democracy: Political Organisations, Mobilisation and Participation Online (with Andrea Römmele and Stephen Ward, Routledge, 2004) and Political Parties and the Internet: Net Gain? (with Stephen J. Ward and Paul Nixon, Routledge, 2003).

Elisabeth Gidengil is the Hiram Mills Professor of Political Science and Director of the Centre for the Study of Democratic Citizenship at McGill University in Montreal. Her research interests include voting behavior and public opinion, media and politics, political engagement and biopolitics. She is the co-editor of Gender and Social Capital (with Brenda O'Neill, Routledge, 2004) and is the author of numerous book chapters and journal articles.

Ian Glenn is currently Professor of Media Studies and Director of the Centre for Media Studies at the University of Cape Town. Recent publications have included a critical edition of the early French naturalist and social commentator François Le Vaillant, a study of the South African broadcast policy situation co-authored with Jane Duncan, and articles on ANC rhetoric.

Doris A. Graber is Professor of Political Science at the University of Illinois at Chicago where she teaches political communication, political psychology and public opinion courses. She has published 15 [Page xiii]books, many in multiple editions, including the award-winning Processing Politics: Learning from Television in the Internet Age; Mass Media and American Politics, her most recent publication is On Media and Making Sense of Politics (2010). She has served as president of political science, political psychology and public opinion organizations and is founding editor of Political Communication and book review editor of Political Psychology.

Daniel C. Hallin is Professor and Chair of the Department of Communication at the University of California San Diego. His research concerns political communication and the role of the news media in democratic politics. He has written on the media and war, including Vietnam, Central America and the Gulf War. He has also written on television coverage of elections, demonstrating the shrinking ‘sound bite’ and offering an interpretation of its meaning for political journalism. His new research focuses on comparative analysis of the news media's role in the public sphere, concentrating on Europe and Latin America.

Gregory G. Holyk is a survey consultant for the Chicago Council on Global Affairs. He teaches American politics, political communication and public opinion. His published works include United States Public Support for the United Nations (forthcoming) and What Explains Torture Coverage During Wartime? A Search for Realistic Answers in Terrorism and Torture: An Interdisciplinary Perspective (with Doris Graber, 2008). He received a PhD in political science from the University of Illinois at Chicago.

Muzammil M. Hussain is a graduate student at the University of Washington in Seattle, and researcher at the Center for Communication and Civic Engagement, working on the Civic Learning Online and Information Technology and Political Islam projects. His research focuses on digital media and civic information systems in advanced democracies, and ICT uses by civic activists in developing societies.

Myiah J. Hutchens is a PhD candidate in the School of Communication at the Ohio State University. She studies the role of mass and interpersonal communication in knowledge acquisition with a special focus on the socialization process. Her research has been published in journals such as Political Communication, Journal of Communication and Communication Methods and Measures.

Ronald Inglehart is Professor of Political Science and Program Director at the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan; he is also affiliated with the Higher School of Economics, St Petersburg, Russia. His research deals with changing belief systems and their impact on social and political change. He helped found the Euro-Barometer surveys and directs the World Values Surveys. Related books include Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic and Political Change in 43 Societies (1997), Rising Tide (with Pippa Norris, 2003) and Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy (with Christian Welzel, 2004).

Shanto Iyengar holds the Chandler Chair in Communication at Stanford University where he is also Professor of Political Science and Director of the Political Communication Laboratory. He is the author and co-author of several books, including News That Matters (with Don Kinder), Is Anyone Responsible? Explorations in Political Psychology (co-edited with William McGuire), Going Negative (with Stephen Ansolabehere), Do the Media Govern (co-edited with Richard Reeves) and Media Politics: A Citizen's Guide. Iyengar serves as editor of the journal Political Communication. Since 2006, he has contributed a regular research column for http://Washingtonpost.com.

Marion R. Just is the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor in the Department of Political Science at Wellesley College and an Associate at the Joan Shorenstein Center on Press, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. Her research focuses on elections, politics and the media. She is a coauthor of We Interrupt This Broadcast: … How to Improve Local News and Win Ratings, Crosstalk: Citizens, Candidates and the Media in a Presidential Campaign and Common Knowledge: News and the Construction of Political Meaning. She is a co-editor of Framing Terrorism: The News Media, the Government and the Public and Rethinking the Vote: Politics and Prospects of Election Reform.

Patrick J. Kenney is the Director of the School of Politics and Global Studies at Arizona State University. Professor Kenney has authored and co-authored articles in the American Political Science Review, American Journal of Political Science, Political Behavior and the Journal of Politics. He has co-authored two books with Kim Fridkin, The Spectacle of U.S. Senate Campaigns (Princeton University Press, 1999) [Page xiv]and No-Holds Barred: Negativity in U.S. Senate Campaigns (Prentice Hall, 2004). His research areas are in campaigns, elections and voting behavior.

Andrew Kerner is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Michigan. His research focuses on the politics of corporate finance, with a particular focus on foreign direct investment, corporate governance and the impacts of pension reform. His recent publications include ‘Why Should I Believe You: The Costs and Consequences of Bilateral Investment Treaties' and ‘The International and Domestic Determinants of Insider Trading Laws’ (with Jeffrey Kucik) in International Studies Quarterly.

Eun-mee Kim is an Associate Professor of Communication at Seoul National University in Seoul, where she teaches broadcasting and telecommunication media, social implications of media technology and cultural industries among other things. Her research interest covers the use of digital media, emergence of participatory culture, and their various cultural and social implications, especially how ideas are created, disseminated and shared through media and networks.

Joohan Kim is Professor at the Department of Communication at Yonsei University in Seoul. His current research interests include measuring communication effects through neuroscientific methods such as fMRI and EEG. Kim has published numerous books and articles in scholarly journals, including Journal of Communication, Political Communication, Communication Theory, Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, Psychological Reports, Computers and Human Behavior, Human Studies and Semiotica.

Min Gyu Kim is a doctoral student at the Department of Communication at Yonsei University in Seoul. He specializes in advanced statistical analyses and co-authored Writing Scholarly Papers Using Structural Equation Modeling, a well-known statistics textbook among social scientists. Min Gyu Kim has published numerous journal articles.

Sophie Lecheler is an Assistant Professor in Political Communication at the Amsterdam School of Communication Research at the University of Amsterdam. Her research interests include political framing theory, news processing, experimental research and political journalism. Lecheler has published articles in several journals, including the Journal of Communication, Communication Research, Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly and European Political Science Review.

Jae Kook Lee is Assistant Professor of School of Journalism at Indiana University. His main research interests are political communication and public opinion in the new media environment. His research has been published in scholarly journals, including Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly and Journalism: Theory, Practice, and Criticism.

Nam-Jin Lee is a PhD candidate, School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. His recent publications include co-authored chapters ‘Communication and Education’ and ‘Framing and Agenda Setting’ (with D. Shah, D. McLeod and M. Gotlieb); and co-authored articles ‘Communication Competence as a Foundation for Civic Competence’ (with D. Shah and J. McLeod) in Political Communication and ‘Framing Policy Debates’ (with D. McLeod and D. Shah) in Communication Research.

Steven Livingston is Professor of Media and Public Affairs and International Affairs at The George Washington University in Washington, DC. Livingston has written scores of research publications appearing in academic journals and books. His most recent book, When the Press Fails: Political Power and the News Media from Iraq to Katrina (W. Lance Bennett and Regina Lawrence, co-authors), was published in 2007. In 2008–09, Livingston has made three trips to Iraq and one to Afghanistan to conduct research on a new book co-authored with Robert Entman and Sean Aday entitled Framing Failure.

Paolo Mancini is Professor at the Dipartimento Istituzioni e Società, Facoltà di Scienze Politiche, Università di Perugia in Italy. Mancini's interests focus on the relationship between news media and politics observed in a comparative dimension. Mancini's major publications include: Politics, Media and Modern Democracy (with David Swanson, Praeger, 1996), Manuale di comunicazione politica (Laterza, 1996), Il sistema fragile (Carocci, 2000). In 2004 with Dan Hallin he published Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics (Cambridge University Press), for which they won the 2005 [Page xv]Goldsmith Book Award from Harvard University, the 2005 Diamond Anniversary Book Award of the National Communication Association and the 2006 outstanding Book Award of the International Communication Association.

Robert Mattes is Professor of Political Studies and Director of the Democracy in Africa Research Unit at the University of Cape Town. He is also Senior Adviser to, and a co-founder of Afrobarometer, a groundbreaking regular survey of public opinion in 20 African countries. He has also helped to launch and run other major research projects such as the South African National Election Study and the African Legislatures Project. His research has focused on the development of democratic attitudes and practices in South Africa and across sub-Saharan Africa. He is the co-author (with Michael Bratton and E. Gyimah-Boadi) of Public Opinion, Democracy and Markets In Africa (Cambridge University Press, 2005) and has authored or co-authored numerous articles.

Jack M. McLeod is Maier-Bascom Professor Emeritus, School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He recently co-authored chapters: ‘Communication and Education: Creating Competence for Socialization into Public Life (with D. Shah, D. Hess and N. Lee) and ‘Levels of Analysis’ and ‘Political Communication Effects’ (with D. McLeod and G. Kosicki). He co-edited (with D. Shah) the special issue on communication and political socialization for Political Communication.

Alyssa C. Morey is a PhD student in the School of Communication at the Ohio State University. Her interests include the study of social and political discussion networks, psychological precursors to approach or avoid political discussion and disagreement and the role of political discussion in generating normative democratic outcomes. She has also done research on psychophysiological reactions to emotional political advertising, the effects of different forms of political satire in entertainment media and political tolerance.

Pippa Norris is the McGuire Lecturer in Comparative Politics at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and ARC Laureate Fellow and Professor of Government and International Relations at the University of Sydney. She has also served as Director of the Democratic Governance Group at United Nations Development Programme in New York. Her research compares political institutions and behavior in many countries worldwide. In 2011 she was awarded the Johan Skytte prize in political science (with Ronald Inglehart), the ARC Laureate, a honorary doctorate by Edinburgh University and a special recognition award by the PSA UK. She has published almost 40 books, including most recently Does Democratic Governance Work: The Impact of Regimes on Prosperity, Welfare and Peace (Cambridge University Press, 2012), Democratic Deficits (Cambridge University Press, 2011), Cosmopolitan Communications: National Diversity in a Globalized World (with Ronald Inglehart, Cambridge University Press, 2009) and Public Sentinel: The News Media and Governance Reform (World Bank, 2010).

Sarah Oates is Professor of Political Communication at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, where she founded the MSc program in political communication. She studies the role of information in supporting or subverting democracy and has written extensively on the post-Soviet media. She served as an expert media analyst in election observance missions in Russia and Kazakhstan for the European Institute for the Media. She is the author of Introduction to Media and Politics (Sage, 2008) and Television, Democracy and Elections in Russia (Routledge, 2006). Her newest co-authored publication, Terrorism, Elections, and Democracy (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), compares the role of terrorist threat in election campaigns in the USA, UK and Russia. She is currently at work on a monograph about the political limits of the Internet in the post-Soviet sphere for the Digital Politics series at Oxford University Press. In August 2012, she will become Professor at the Philip Merrill College of Journalism at the University of Maryland.

Diana Owen is an Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of American Studies at Georgetown University. She is among the founders of Georgetown's graduate program in Communication, Culture and Technology. Her publications include Media Messages in American Presidential Elections (Greenwood Press, 1991), New Media and American Politics (with Richard Davis, Oxford University Press, 1998), The Internet and Politics: Citizens, Activists, and Voters (co-editor, Routledge, 2006), Making a Difference: The Internet and Elections in Comparative Perspective (co-editor, Lexington, 2008) and American Government and Politics in the Information Age (with David L. Paletz and Timothy E. [Page xvi]Cook, FlatWorld Knowledge Press, 2011). She has published numerous articles and book chapters on political communication, American government, political socialization and civic engagement, elections and voting behavior and mass political behavior.

Mark Allen Peterson is an Associate Professor of Anthropology and International Studies at Miami University. He has conducted fieldwork in Egypt, India and the USA. He is the author of Anthropology and Mass Communication: Myth and Media in the New Millennium (Berghahn, 2003) and co-author of International Studies: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Global Issues (Westview, 2008). He has published articles in Anthropology Today, Anthropological Quarterly, Childhood, Contemporary Islam, New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia and Social Anthropology as well as chapters in the books At War With Words (Walter de Gruyter, 2003), Media Anthropology (Sage, 2005), Folklore/Cinema (Utah State University Press, 2007) and The Anthropology of News and Journalism (Indiana University Press, 2010).

Kelly Quinn is a PhD candidate and instructor in the Department of Communication at the University of Illinois at Chicago. She holds an MSLIS in Library Science from Dominican University and an MBA from Northwestern University, both in Illinois. Her research examines how adults create and maintain social relationships through their technology practices. She has presented her work to the Association of Internet Researchers, the National Communication Association and the Midwest Association of Public Opinion Research.

Stephen D. Reese is Jesse H. Jones Professor of Journalism and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs in the College of Communication at the University of Texas. His research has been published in numerous book chapters and articles and he is co-author, along with Pamela Shoemaker, of Mediating the Message: Theories of Influence on Mass Media Content. He edited Framing Public Life: Perspectives on Media and Our Understanding of the Social World and, more recently, was section editor for “Media Production and Content” in the ICA Encyclopedia of Communication.

June Woong Rhee is Professor at the Department of Communication at Seoul National University. He has published articles on media effects studies in Journal of Communication, Communication Research and Political Communication. His recent interest includes public spheres, public communication, citizenship and public service media. He was an adviser to the Korea Broadcasting System on election forecasting and newsroom development. He received his PhD from the Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania.

Piers Robinson is a senior lecturer in International Politics, University of Manchester. He researches the relationship between communications, media and world politics. His book The CNN Effect: The Myth of News, Foreign Policy and Intervention (Routledge, 2002) analyzed the relationship between news media, US foreign policy and humanitarian crises. Recent research involves analysis of British news media coverage of the 2003 Iraq invasion and the research monograph from this work is entitled Pockets of Resistance: British News Media, War and Theory in the 2003 Invasion of Iraq (Manchester University Press, 2010). He is co-editor of the journal Critical Studies on Terrorism (Routledge) and has published articles in leading journals including the Journal of Communication, Journal of Peace Research and the Review of International Studies.

Karen Sanders is Head of the Department of Advertising and Institutional Communication at CEU San Pablo University in Madrid, where she holds a chair, and Visiting Professor at the IESE Business School at the University of Navarra. She was a founding member of the Department of Journalism Studies at the University of Sheffield in the UK in 1995 where she directed the MA Political Communication program until 2006. She has published widely in the fields of communication ethics and political communication. Her latest book is Communicating Politics in the 21st Century (Palgrave Macmillan, 2009). She was a founding member of the Institute of Communication Ethics in 2002 and of the Association of Political Communication in 2008.

Margaret Scammell is a Lecturer in Media and Communications at the London School of Economics. Her research interests are in political communications, especially political campaigning, Americanization and globalization of campaigning, media and elections, governments and news management, political marketing, political journalism and the appropriate role of media in democratic countries. She is the [Page xvii]co-author of On Message: Communicating the Campaign (Sage, 1999) and Media, Journalism and Democracy (Ashgate Dartmouth, 2000) and has published numerous journal articles.

Holli A. Semetko is Vice Provost for International Affairs, Director of The Halle Institute for Global Learning and Professor of Political Science at Emory University. She was formerly professor and chair of audience and public opinion research at the University of Amsterdam, and founding chair of the board for the Amsterdam School of Communications Research where she continues to serve as an honorary professor. She is also an honorary professor at the University of Twente. Her current research focuses on media and public opinion in international relations, comparative politics and in election campaigns around the world.

John Street is a Professor of Politics at the University of East Anglia. He is author of several books, including Politics and Popular Culture (Polity, 1997), Mass Media, Politics and Democracy (Palgrave, 2001 and 2011) and Music and Politics (Polity, 2011). He has written extensively on the relationship between politics and popular culture and has just completed – with colleagues at the University of East Anglia – two Economic and Social Research Council projects, one on the use of music in political action, and the other on the political use of popular culture by first-time voters in the UK.

Richard Tait is Professor of Journalism and Director, Centre for Journalism, Cardiff University. He was Editor of BBC Newsnight and the 1987 BBC General Election Results Programme; Editor of Channel 4 News from 1987 to 1995 and Editor-in-Chief of Independent Television News (ITN) from 1995 to 2002. He was a member of the Independent Review into Government Communications (2004) and the Hansard Society Commission on the Communication of Parliamentary Democracy (2006).

Hubert Tworzecki is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Emory University. His research interests include: voting behavior, party systems and voter alignments in new democracies of Eastern and Central Europe; the comparative study of citizenship and nationhood and political communications and media effects on attitudes and behavior. He is the author of Parties and Politics in Post-1989 Poland (Westview Press, 1996) and Learning to Choose: Electoral Politics in East-Central Europe (Stanford University Press, 2002).

Lynn Vavreck is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of California in Los Angeles. In addition to UCLA, Dr Vavreck has worked at the White House, Dartmouth College and Princeton University. She is the author of two books, The Message Matters: The Economy and Presidential Campaigns and Campaign Reform: Insights and Evidence (co-edited with Larry Bartels) and numerous journal articles. In 2008, she was co-principal investigator (with Simon Jackman) of the Cooperative Campaign Analysis Project, a six-wave 20,000-person panel study.

Debra Spitulnik Vidali is an Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology at Emory University. She directs the Re-Generation Initiative on media and civic engagement. Dr Vidali has published widely on the complex media and language landscapes of contemporary Africa and the USA, particularly as they relate to public spheres and popular culture. Past and current research includes: media and democracy in Africa and in the USA; talk radio and oral traditions in Africa; ethnography of media audiences in Zambia and in the USA; the nation-building functions of Zambian radio and US newscasting; the politics of alternative media in Africa and young adults' engagements and disengagements with media and politics in the USA.

Rens Vliegenthart is an Assistant Professor in Political Communication in the Department of Communication Science and at the Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam. His research focuses on media-politics dynamics, with a special interest in the role of non-institutional actors, such as social movements. Furthermore, he has an interest in methods for comparative research in political communication and the application of time series analysis in that area.

Silvio Waisbord is Professor in the School of Media and Public Affairs at The George Washington University. He is the editor of the International Journal of Press/Politics. He is the author and co-editor of several books, including the forthcoming Reinventing Professionalism: News and Journalism in Global Perspective (Polity).

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Stefaan Walgrave is Professor in Political Science at the University of Antwerp, Belgium and head of the Media, Movements, and Politics research group (M2P). His research focuses mainly on media and politics and on social movements and political protest. In political communication, his main research is political agenda-setting by the mass media. Regarding social movements and protest, his research tackles the determinants and features of protest participation by individuals. He is the co-editor of The World Says No to War: Demonstrations against the War on Iraq with Dieter Rucht (University of Minnesota Press, 2010) and the author of numerous journal articles.

Stephen Ward is a senior lecturer in Politics at the European Studies Research Institute, University of Salford in the UK. His research interests focus on e-democracy and, in particular, political campaigning, elections, parties and political participation online. Among his publications are: Making a Difference: A Comparative View of the Role of the Internet in Election Politics (co-edited with Richard Davis, Diana Owen and David Taras Rowman Littlefield, Lexington Books, 2008), Electronic Democracy: Political Organisations, Mobilisation and Participation Online (co-edited with Rachel Gibson and Andrea Römmele, Routledge, 2004) and Political Parties and the Internet: Net Gain? (co-edited with Rachel Gibson and Paul Nixon, Routledge, 2003).

Chris Wells is a PhD candidate at the University of Washington in Seattle, where he is a graduate adviser at the Center for Communication and Civic Engagement. His research focuses on political communication, civic engagement, voter knowledge and the flow of political information through digital networks.

Jisuk Woo is Professor at the Graduate School of Public Administration at Seoul National University. Her research focuses on the role of communication and media in policy processes, and the Internet law and policy including copyright, privacy and Internet governance. Woo has published a book, Copyright Law and Computer Programs: The Role of Communication in Legal Structure (Garland Publishing, 2000) and numerous articles in scholarly journals, including the Political Communication, New Media and Society, Critical Studies in Mass Communication and Visual Communication Quarterly.

Mary Lynn Young is an Associate Professor and past Director of the University of British Columbia Graduate School of Journalism in Vancouver. Dr Young's research interests include gender and the media, newsroom sociology, media credibility, media economics and content analysis. She has worked as an editor, national business columnist and senior crime reporter at major daily newspapers in Canada and the USA. She has published several articles in academic journals, including the American Review of Canadian Studies and the Canadian Journal of Communication.

Xian Zhou is Professor of Cultural Studies at Nanjing University, China, where he is also Director of Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, and has been associate vice president of Nanjing University. His books, published in Chinese, include The Turn of Visual Culture (2008), Cultural Representations and Cultural Studies (2007) and Critique of Aesthetic Modernity (2005), and he has contributed to numerous journals and collections in China. He is co-editor of Cultural Studies in China and particularly interested in media culture and critical theory.