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Result of the study on traditional traps in the inland waters of three northern districts viz,
Kasargod, Kannur and Kozhikode in Kerala state during 2003-2004 is presented. Mainly six
types of traps are found in operation. Chempally koode is a rectangular bamboo trap with"
D" shape in cross section operated without bait in some rivers of Kannur and Kasargod.
Bamboo screen barriers are almost completely replaced with durable HDPE net screen to
make handling easy. Thottil vala is a unique aerial trap operated from the dam in Pazhassi reservoir during monsoon to catch big fishes jumping against flowing water.

Invertase was immobilized on acid activated montmorillonite via two independent procedures, adsorption and covalent binding. The immobilized enzymes were characterized by XRD, NMR and N2 adsorption measurements and their activity was tested in a fixed bed reactor. XRD revealed that the enzyme was situated on the periphery of the clay and the side chains of different amino acid residues were involved in intercalation with the clay matrix. NMR demonstrated that tetrahedral Al was linked to the enzyme during adsorption and the octahedral Al was involved during covalent binding. Secondary interaction of the enzyme with Al was also observed. N2 adsorption studies showed that covalent binding of enzymes caused pore blockage since the highly polymeric species were located at the pore entrance. The fixed bed reactor proved to be efficient for the immobilized invertase. The optimum pH and pH stability improved upon immobilization. The kinetic parameters calculated also showed an enhanced efficiency of the immobilized systems. They could be used continuously for long period. Covalently bound invertase demonstrated greater operational stability.

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Decimal multiplication is an integral part of
financial, commercial, and internet-based
computations. A novel design for single digit decimal
multiplication that reduces the critical path delay and
area for an iterative multiplier is proposed in this
research. The partial products are generated using
single digit multipliers, and are accumulated based on
a novel RPS algorithm. This design uses n single digit
multipliers for an n × n multiplication. The latency for
the multiplication of two n-digit Binary Coded Decimal
(BCD) operands is (n + 1) cycles and a new
multiplication can begin every n cycle. The
accumulation of final partial products and the first
iteration of partial product generation for next set of
inputs are done simultaneously. This iterative decimal
multiplier offers low latency and high throughput, and
can be extended for decimal floating-point
multiplication.

Description:

Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, 2008. ISPA'08. International Symposium on

Flexile single layer electromagnetic wave absorbers were designed by incorporating appropriate
amounts of carbon black in a nitrile butadiene rubber matrix along with an optimized amount of
magnetic counterpart, namely, barium hexaferrite for applications in S, C, and X-bands. Effective
dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability were measured using cavity perturbation method
in the frequency range of 2–12 GHz. The microwave absorbing characteristics of the composites
were studied in the S, C, and X-bands employing a model in which an electromagnetic wave is
incident normally on a metal terminated single layer. Reflection loss exceeding 20 dB is obtained
for all the samples in a wide frequency range of 2–12 GHz when an appropriate absorber thickness
between 5 and 9mm is chosen. The impact of carbon black is clearly observed in the optimized
composites on the mechanical strength, thickness, band width of absorption, dielectric properties,

This paper gives the details of flexure-shear analysis of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP rebars. The influence of vertical reinforcement ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio and compressive strength of concrete on shear strength of GFRP reinforced concrete beam is studied. The critical value of shear span to depth ratio (a/d) at which the mode of failure changes from flexure to shear is studied. The fail-ure load of the beam is predicted for various values of a/d ratio. The prediction show that the longitudinally FRP reinforced concrete beams having no stirrups fail in shear for a/d ratio less than 9.0. It is expected that the predicted data is useful for structural engineers to design the FRP reinforced concrete members.

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Nirmala, Antherjanam N; Dr.Jathavedan, M(Cochin University of Science And Technology, December , 1987)

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Abstract:

In this thesis the author has presented qualitative studies of certain Kdv equations with variable coefficients. The well-known KdV equation is a model for waves propagating on the surface of shallow water of constant depth. This model is considered as fitting into waves reaching the shore. Renewed attempts have led to the derivation of KdV type equations in which the coefficients are not constants. Johnson's equation is one such equation. The researcher has used this model to study the interaction of waves. It has been found that three-wave interaction is possible, there is transfer of energy between the waves and the energy is not conserved during interaction.

Description:

Department of mathematics, Cochin University of Science And Technology

Preparation of an appropriate optical-fiber preform is vital for the fabrication of graded-index polymer optical fibers (GIPOF), which are considered to be a good choice for providing inexpensive high bandwidth data links, for local area networks and telecommunication applications. Recent development of the interfacial gel polymerization technique has caused a dramatic reduction in the total attenuation in GIPOF, and this is one of the potential methods to prepare fiber preforms for the fabrication of dye-doped polymer-fiber amplifiers. In this paper, the preparation of a dye-doped graded-index poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) rod by the interfacial gel polymerization method using a PMMA tube is reported. An organic compound of high-refractive index, viz., diphenyl phthalate (DPP), was used to obtain a graded-index distribution, and Rhodamine B (Rh B), was used to dope the PMMA rod. The refractive index profile of the rod was measured using an interferometric technique and the index exponent was estimated. The single pass gain of the rod was measured at a pump wavelength of 532 nm. The extent of doping of the Rh B in the preform was studied by axially exciting a thin slice of the rod with white light and measuring the spatial variation of the fluorescence intensity across the sample.

Variations in the decay times of the characteristic green emissions at 522.7, 551.3, 549.6, 547.6, 542.2, 540.2, 535.9 and 533.5nm from
CaF2 :H03+ with concentration are studied at RT and LNT. A pulsed N2
laser beam of power density 1.5 MW cm-2 is used for the excitation.
Temperature dependent concentration quenching of the decay times are
observed for all the emission bands. But an increase in the decay time due
to the reabsorption process is also observed for a few of the above bands.

Experimental method for measuring photoacoustic(PA) signals generated by a pulsed laser beam in liquids is described. The pulsed PA technique is found to be a convenient and accurate method for determination of quantum yield in fluorescent dye solutions. Concentration dependence of quantum yield of rhodamine 6G in water is studied using the above method. The results indicate that the quantum yield decreases with increase in concentration in the quenching region in agreement with the existing reports based on radiometric measurements.

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A method of preparation of strontium sulphide phosphors doped
with europium is given. Nitrogen laser excited fluorescence emission
spectra of these phosphors in the visible region are recorded. A band
with line structure in the region 350-430 nm and a new broad band at
460 nm are observed. The splitting pattern for the 6p levels of Eu 2+ are
given.

Multimodal imaging agents that combine magnetic
and fluorescent imaging capabilities are desirable
for the high spatial and temporal resolution. In the
present work, we report the synthesis of multifunctional
fluorescent ferrofluids using iron oxide as the
magnetic core and rhodamine B as fluorochrome
shell. The core–shell structure was designed in such
a way that fluorescence quenching due to the inner
magnetic core was minimized by an intermediate
layer of silica. The intermediate passive layer of silica
was realized by a novel method which involves the
esterification reaction between the epoxy group of
prehydrolysed 3-Glyidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and
the surfactant over iron oxide. The as-synthesized
ferrofluids have a high saturation magnetization in
the range of 62–65 emu/g and were found to emit
light of wavelength 640 nm ( excitation = 446 nm).
Time resolved life time decay analysis showed a
bi-exponential decay pattern with an increase in the
decay life time in the presence of intermediate silica
layer. Cytotoxicity studies confirmed the cell viability
of these materials. The in vitro MRI imaging illustrated
a high contrast when these multimodal nano
probes were employed and the R2 relaxivity of these
∗Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Email: smissmis@gmail.com
sample was found to be 334 mM−1s−1 which reveals
its high potential as a T2 contrast enhancing agent

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The paper presents a maximally flat compact
planar filter employing folded Stepped Impedance
Resonators (SIR) and Complementary Split Ring
Resonators (CSRR), for Ultra Wide Band (UWB)
applications. An interdigital quarter wavelength coupled
line is used for achieving the band pass characteristics.
The filter has low insertion loss in its pass band and
steep roll off rate and good attenuation in its lower and
upper stop bands. The measured microwave
characteristics of the fabricated filter show good
agreement with the simulated response

In the present investigation, an attempt is made to study late Quaternary foraminiferal and pteropod records of the shelf of northern Kerala and to evaluate their potentiality in paleocenographic and paleoclimatic reconstruction. The study gives details of sediment cores, general characteristics of foraminifera and pteropod species recorded from the examined samples and their systematic classification, spatial distribution of Recent foraminifera and pteropods and their response to varying bathymetry, nature of substrate, organic matter content in sediment and hydrography across the shelf. An attempt is also made to establish an integrated chronostratigraphy for the examined core sections. An effort is also made to identify microfaunal criteria useful in biostratigraphic division in shallow marine core sections. An attempt is made to infer various factors responsible for the change in microfaunal assemblage. Reconstruction of sea level changes during the last 36,000 years was attempted based on the pteropod record. The study reveals a bathymetric control on benthic/planktic (BF/PF) foraminiferal and pteropods/planktic foraminiferal (Pt/PF) abundance ratio. Bathymetric distribution pattern of BF/PF ratio is opposite to the (Pt/PF) ratio with decreasing trend of former from the shore across the shelf. Quantitative benthic foraminiferal record in the surficial sediments reveals a positive correlation between the diversity and bathymetry. R-mode cluster analysis performed on 30n significant Recent benthic foraminiferal, determines three major assemblage.

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Professor Irma Glicman Adelman, an Irish Economist working in California University at Berkely, in her
research work on ‘Development Over Two Centuries’, which is published in the Journal of Evolutionary
Economics, 1995, has identified that India, along with China, would be one of the largest economies in
this 21st Century. She has stated that the period 1700 - 1820 is the period of Netherlands, the period
1820 - 1890 is the period of England the period 1890 - 2000 is the period of America and this 21st
Century is the century of China and India. World Bank has also identified India as one of the leading
players of this century after China. India will be third largest economy after USA and China. India will
challenge the Global Economic Order in the next 15 years. India will overtake Italian economy in 2015,
England economy in 2020, Japan economy in 2025 and USA economy in 2050 (China will overtake
Japan economy in 2016 and USA economy in 2027). India has the following advantages compared with
other economies. India is 4th largest GDP in the world in terms of Purchasing Power. India is third
fastest growing economy in the world after China and Vietnam. Service sector contributes around 57%
of GDP. The share of agriculture is around 17% and Manufacture is 16% in 2005 - 2006. This is a
character of a developed country. Expected GDP growth rate is 10% shortly (It has come down from
9.2% in 2006 - 2007 to 6.2% during 2008 - 2009 due to recession. It is only a temporary phenomenon).
India has $284 billion as Foreign Exchange Reserve as on today. India had just $1 billion as Foreign
Exchange Reserve when it opened its economy in the year 1991. In this research paper an attempt has
been made to study the two booming economies of the globe with respect to their foreign exchange
reserves. This study mainly based on secondary data published by respective governments and
various studies done on this area

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Forest is essential for the healthy subsistence of human being on earth. Law has been framed to regulate exploitation of forest.This study is an analysis of the law relating to forest from an environmental perspective.Practical suggestions are also made for the better protection of forest .Forest is a valuable component of human environment.For healthy subsistence of human beings on earth it is essential that at least one third of the land area on earth should be under forest cover. Forest helps in keeping air and water fresh and climate good.The Indian Forest Act 1927 and State legislation relating to forest impose Governmental control over forests by classifying them into reserved forests. Protected forests and village forests.Effective environmental impact studies facilitate adoption of the practice of sustainable development.Permission should not be granted for a project before examination
of its impact on the flora and fauna in forest.Kerala, much of the vested forest remains under the control of the State Government and are managed like reserved forests.Infrastructural facilities require improvement in almost all States for protecting forest.Inter-State problems can be minimised if a central forest legislation is applied uniformly throughout India.Voluntary organisations should be encouraged to taxe part actively in the programmes for conserving forest and wildlife.The new Forest Act should provide for effective environmental impact study before development projects are undertaken in forest areas. The guidelines for this should be clearly laid down in the Act.The law relating to forest should also clearly lay down the guidelines for implementing social forestry programmes. The Forest Department should be authorised to lease lands for planting useful trees. The new forest legislation should also recognise the traditional tribal rights in forest. The Indian Forest Act 1927 and the State legislation relating to forest with their outdated revenue policy and scheme should be replaced by such a new forest legislation framed with an environmental peres-pective. The new law should be uniformly applied throughout India .

This thesis deals with preparing stoichiometric crystalline thin films of InSe and In2Se3 by elemental evapouration and their property investigation.In the present study three temperature( or Elemental evapouration) method is utilized for the deposition of crystalline thin films . The deposition mechanism using three temperature method deals’ with condensation of solids on heated surfaces when the critical supersaturation of the vapour phase exceeds a certain limit. The critical values of the incident flux are related to substrate temperature and the interfacial energies of the involved vapours. At a favorable presence of component atoms in the vapour phase these can react and condense onto a substrate even at a elevated temperature. In the studies conducted the most significant factor is the formation of single compositional film namely indium mono selenide in the In –se system of compounds .Further this work shows the feasibility of thin film photovoltaic junctions of the schottky barrier type

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Mohanachandran, K; Dr.Sathianandan, K(Cochin University Of Science And Technology, April 2, 1983)

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Abstract:

Due to the great versatility of the properties
of polymer thin films, special interest has been taken in
recent years on their preparation and electrical properties.
The present thesis is entirely devoted to the study of the
formation, structure and electrical properties of plasma»
polymerised polyacrylonitrile (PAN) thin films. Eventhough
the studies are confined to a single polymer film, the
results in general are applicable to similar polar polymer
films.

Hydrographic characteristics of the southwest coast of India and its adjoining Cochin
backwaters (CBW) were studied during the summer monsoon period. Anomalous formation
of anoxia and denitrification were observed in the bottom layers of CBW, which
5 have not been previously reported elsewhere in any tropical estuarine systems. The
prevalent upwelling in the Arabian Sea (AS) brought cool, high saline, oxygen deficient
and nutrient-rich waters towards the coastal zone and bottom layers of CBW during
the high tide. High freshwater discharge in the surface layers brought high amount of
nutrients and makes the CBW system highly productive. Intrusion of AS waters seems
10 to be stronger towards the upstream end ( 15 km), than had been previously reported,
as a consequence of the lowering of river discharges and deepening of channels in the
estuary. Time series measurements in the lower reaches of CBW indicated a low mixing
zone with increased stratification, 3 h after the high tide (highest high tide) and high
variation in vertical mixing during the spring and neap phases. The upwelled waters
15 (O2 40 μM) intruded into the estuary was found to lose more oxygen during the neap
phase (suboxic O2 4 μM) than spring phase (hypoxic O2 10 μM). Increased stratification
coupled with low ventilation and presence of high organic matter have resulted
in an anoxic condition (O2 = 0), 2–6 km away from barmouth of the estuary and leads
to the formation of hydrogen sulphide. The reduction of nitrate and formation of nitrite
20 within the oxygen deficient waters indicated strong denitrification intensity in the estuary.
The expansion of oxygen deficient zone, denitrification and formation of hydrogen
sulphide may lead to a destruction of biodiversity and an increase of green house gas
emissions from this region

An unusual copper(II) complex [Cu(L1a)2Cl2] CH3OH H2O H3O+Cl (1a) was isolated from a solution of a
novel tricopper(II) complex [Cu3(HL1)Cl2]Cl3 2H2O (1) in methanol, where L1a is 3-(2-pyridyl)triazolo
[1,5-a]-pyridine, and characterized with single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The tricopper(II) complex
of potential ligand 1,5-bis(di-2-pyridyl ketone) carbohydrazone (H2L1) was synthesized and physicochemically
characterized, while the formation of the complex 1a was followed by time-dependant monitoring
of the UV–visible spectra, which reveals degradation of ligand backbone as intensity loss of bands
corresponding to O?Cu(II) charge transfer