The Golgi apparatus has an important role in neural function. For instance, dendrites contain Golgi outpost, a well developed Golgi structure critical for glycosylation and vesicular transport of membrane and secretory proteins.In this research project, we identified four response pathways of the mammalian Golgi stress response, that is, the TFE3, proteoglycan, mucin and glycosphingolipid pathways, revealed the activation mechanism for TFE3, a key transcription factor for the TFE3 pathway, and found that insufficiency of sialic acid modification is involved in activation of the TFE3 pathway. Moreover, we demonstrated that the Golgi stress response is essential for differentiation of glial cells.