Methamphetamine overdose

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Methamphetamine is a stimulant drug. A strong form of the drug is illegally sold on the streets. A much weaker form of the drug is used to treat narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This weaker form is sold as a prescription. Medicines that are legally used to treat cold symptoms, such as decongestants, can be made into methamphetamines.

This article focuses on the illegal street drug. The street drug is usually a white crystal-like powder, called "crystal meth." This powder can be snorted up the nose, smoked, swallowed, or dissolved and injected into a vein. Other related compounds include MDMA, ('ecstasy', 'Molly'), MDEA, ('Eve'), and MDA, ('love drug').

A methamphetamine overdose may be acute (sudden) or chronic (long-term).

An acute methamphetamine overdose occurs when someone takes this drug by accident or on purpose and has side effects. These side effects can be lifethreatening.

A chronic methamphetamine overdose refers to the health effects in someone who uses the drug on a regular basis.

Injuries during illegal methamphetamine production or police raids include exposure to dangerous chemicals, as well as burns and explosions. All of these can cause serious, life-threatening injuries and conditions.

This is for information only and not for use in the treatment or management of an actual overdose. DO NOT use it to treat or manage an actual overdose. If you or someone you are with overdoses, call your local emergency number (such as 911), or your local poison center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States.

Poisonous Ingredient

Methamphetamine

Where Found

Methamphetamine is a common, illegal, drug sold on the streets. It may be called meth, crank, speed, crystal meth, and ice.

A much weaker form of methamphetamine is sold as a prescription with the brand name Desoxyn. It is sometimes used to treat narcolepsy. Adderall, a brand name drug containing amphetamine, is used to treat ADHD.

Symptoms

Methamphetamine most often causes a general feeling of wellness (euphoria) that is most often called a "rush." Other symptoms are increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and large, wide pupils.

If you take a large amount of the drug, you will likely have some more dangerous side effects, including:

Agitation

Chest pain

Coma or unresponsiveness (in extreme cases)

Heart attack

Irregular or stopped heartbeat

Difficulty breathing

Very high body temperature

Kidney damage and possibly kidney failure

Paranoia

Seizures

Severe stomach pain

Stroke

Long-term use of methamphetamine can lead to significant psychological problems, including:

Delusional behavior

Extreme paranoia

Major mood swings

Insomnia (severe inability to sleep)

Other symptoms may include:

Missing and rotted teeth (called "meth mouth")

Repeated infections

Severe weight loss

Skin sores (abscesses or boils)

The length of time methamphetamines stay active can be much longer than for cocaine and other stimulants. Some paranoid delusions can last for 15 hours.

Home Care

If you believe someone has taken methamphetamine and they are having bad symptoms, get them medical help right away. Take extreme caution around them, especially if they appear to be extremely excited or paranoid.

If they are having a seizure, gently hold the back of their head to prevent injury. If possible, turn their head to the side in case they vomit. DO NOT try to stop their arms and legs from shaking.

Before Calling Emergency

Before you call for emergency help, have this information ready, if possible:

Person's approximate age and weight

How much of the drug was taken?

How was the drug taken? (For example, was it smoked or snorted?)

How long has it been since the person took the drug?

If the patient is actively having a seizure, becoming violent, or having difficulty breathing, do not delay. Call your local emergency number (such as 911).

Poison Control

Your local poison center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline number will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions.

This is a free and confidential service. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

What to Expect at the Emergency Room

The health care provider will measure and monitor the person's vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Symptoms will be treated as appropriate. The person may receive:

Activated charcoal and laxative, if the drug was taken by mouth

Blood and urine tests

Breathing support, including oxygen, a tube through the mouth into the throat, and breathing machine

Chest x-ray

CT (computerized tomography) scan (a type of advanced imaging) of the head, if head injury is suspected

EKG (electrocardiogram, or heart tracing)

Intravenous fluids (through a vein) medicines to treat symptoms such as pain, anxiety, agitation, nausea, seizures, and high blood pressure

Poison and drug (toxicology) screening

Other medicines or treatments for heart, brain, muscle, and kidney complications

Outlook (Prognosis)

How well a person does depends on the amount of drug they took and how quickly they were treated. The faster a person gets medical help, the better the chance for recovery.

Psychosis and paranoia may last up to 1 year, even with aggressive medical treatment. Memory loss and difficulty sleeping may be permanent. Skin changes and tooth loss are permanent unless the person has cosmetic surgery to correct the problems. Further disability may occur if the person had a heart attack or a stroke. These can happen if the drug caused very high blood pressure and body temperatures. Infections and other complications in organs such as the heart, brain, kidneys, liver, and spine, may occur as a result of injection. There may be permanent damage to the organs even if the person receives treatment. The antibiotics used to treat these infections may also result in complications.

The long-term outlook depends on what organs are affected. Permanent damage may occur, which may cause:

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