3
19 Literal (cont.) Pope Nicholas III claims that worse than him still live on Earth Dante – Reference to St. Peter Didn’t buy key to Heaven and Earth Virgil agrees with Dante, helps him to fourth pit

4
19 Allegorical Shows that sale of holy things is not yet a thing of the past, including arranged marriages (technically sale) He saw his marriage as a political marriage, wanted to marry Beatrice Still feels sympathetic towards sinner, confused as to what is going on in his journey through hell Less sympathetic as book goes along, accepts divine justice

8
20 Allegorical The Divine Comedy, as it goes deeper into hell and harsher punishments, now has less emphasis on Dante’s character and more on moral judgment of others Dante- sympathy and uncertainty, goal: moral clarity Virgil- rationality and straightforward, goal: lead Dante

9
20 Moral Used trickery instead of actual magic Didn’t like astrologers Virgil had absolutely no sympathy for them either

10
20 Anagogical Must look backwards because they tried to look forward into the future during life Deformation of Education = Magic Virgil’s Reason vs. Magic Possibly represents Dante’s view of Reason vs. Power