The Great Leap Forward16:01Socialist transformation of Industry and Commerce:•Mao’s two talks, October 1955•Transformation of private ownership into “joint-state-rivate ownership” completed in major cities, jan 1956•Transformation completed in the whole country, by the end of 1956•The shift toward socialism changed when Mao changed his mind following the break out of the Korean war:oAfter the outbreak—western powers worked together to put an economic embargo against China. oHe had no choice but to announce a new policy full scale alliance with the U.S.S.R and they would be a full member of the socialist camp.Had to speed up their change to socialism, they couldn’t keep on a path of part capitalism, part communism, etc.•Transformation:oPrivate owners involved: 1,142,000oFixed interest: 5%, distributed until sept 1956oTotal interest received: 1,200 million yuanoTotal salaries: 850 million yuanoTotal diidends: 1,3000 million yuanSocialist transformation: rural•Agricultural collectivization:o“mutual-aid teams” (1953-54)a few householdsexcluding former landlords and rich peasantsprivate ownership of land and toolsprivate ownership of harvests

The Great Leap Forward16:01government aiddisputes on the sequence of team workseasonal or permanentthey have to work together and help each other to sow seeds, etc. so that everyone can benefit.How did the government help:Cheap loansAido“Early stage cooperatives” (1954-55)a group of households (10-30; larger than in phase 1) in the same neighborhood/ hamletexcluding former landlords and rich peasantsleadership of poor peasantsprivate ownership and collective use of land and toolsshared harvestincome distribution in the coop:land share (dividents) –45%labor share (work points)—55%government aidstrong motivation for increasing production.o“advanced-stage cooperatives” (1956-57)based on former ESCsconsisting of production teamsopen to all peasantscollective ownership of land and toolsincome distribution according to workpointsinefficiency in collective farmingcorruption of coop cadres

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The rise of Liu Shaoqi16:01•1 was a communist rev. to overthrow Shek and his nationalist government•2 was the cultural revolution that overthrew the leadership of_______•They were equally as important to him. The cultural revolution is often regarded as a continuation of the communist revolution.

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