SUBSTANCE: bottom hydraulic power plant comprises turbines, made in the form of screws 6, installed in a river flow and lowered to its bottom, for instance, from a bridge rack 1 or from a float base, a current generator 15 and its drive. The outer circuit of each turbine represents a cylindrical shell, on the outer side with a coupling 8, for instance, of spindle type, which connects the augers 6, if there are more than one of them, into blocks that may close the entire clear section of the river, if required. Each turbine in the block or the entire block are fixed in bearings on a movable frame 3 that moves preferably in the vertical plane.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to simplify design and to increase its reliability, development of a hydraulic power plant with submerged turbines, which may take maximum of energy potential from a river during the year.

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The invention relates to hydropower dam and can be applied in any region of Russia and the World for the free flow of rivers and streams of electric current without construction on rivers dams.

The proposed HPP can be stationary, mobile or floating.

Known, for example, hydroelectric, patent No. 2269672, (author Gao), made in the form of a catamaran that hosts the drive current generators, current generators, the stabilization system parameters of current, active underwater turbine that can operate completely submerged, and its lift. Turbine hydroelectric made in the form of a belt conveyor mounted on the rib at an angle to the flow of the river. Across the entire width and length of the conveyor belt is fixed to the turbine blades, made, for example, from an elastic material. Each blade is made in the form of a ladle able to fold and lie down on the conveyor belt when working at idle branch conveyor having on the outer surface of pocket for automatically lifting blades, the flow of the river, with its transition from idle to working position. In addition, the station is equipped with devices that allow you to change the installation angle of the turbine to the flow of the river during station operation.

Active turbine, patent No. 2269672, lowered the flow of the river on the pantograph and is connected with a generator drive through the overrunning clutch,
that allows you to work on one shaft PTO multiple turbines.

Known HPP, patent No. 2161731, (author GeV). In hydroelectric power plants, according to patent No. 2161731, as the engine is used underwater turbine, each blade of which is made in the form of a series of buckets mounted in line with deaf external form, the bottom of which is assembled from overlapping hinged to the outer form of the bucket, blinds, whose axis of rotation does not coincide with their longitudinal axis of symmetry and rotation round its axis is limited, and the shutter is made in the form of two thin plates that are collected in the package. - ("Impulse turbine" Patent RU No. 2161731, C1, Application No. 99122429/06 from 26.010.1999, Publ. Bull. No. 110.01.2001, Author Ushakov GG).

Active turbine, patent No. 2161731, is lowered into the flow of the river on the pantograph and is connected with a generator drive through the overrunning clutch that allows you to work on one shaft PTO multiple turbines. It is well established itself as a turbine capable of operating without reducing efficiency, fully submerged in water, as u (bottom) turbine. theoretical framework developed by the author of the patent No. 2161731, a new type of underwater turbines, published in the journal "ELECTRICITY", No. 1, 2007, In the article "the Experience of developing and testing on ruskai,
floating plant improvement and increase of power".

Closest to the technical essence is a hydroelectric power station, in patent EP 0222352 A2, 07.11.1986, F03B 17/06.

According to this invention, bottom hydroelectric, including turbines, frames placed on the bottom of the river with the bridge piers or floating Foundation, generator current, the actuator and the elements of the life support station, characterized in that each turbine station is made in the form of screws, are installed in the flow of the river with the possibility of independent and free from each other, rotation, wound in different directions.

The objective of the invention is to create a hydroelectric power plant with water (ice) turbines, which can take from the river to the maximum of its energy potential throughout the year.

The problem is solved in that the bottom hydroelectric, including turbines, made in the form of screws, are installed in the flow of the river and placed on its bottom, for example, bridge piers or floating base, the current generator and the actuator, characterized in that the outer contour of each turbine consists of a cylindrical shell on the outside with the link, for example zvocnim connecting screws, if more than one, in blocks, can, if necessary, to cover all the living section of the river and a drive current generator, each turbine in b is the eye or the entire the unit is secured in bearings on the mobile,
mainly in the vertical plane, the frame.

Figure 1 illustrates the case bottom HPP on the stationary base, side view.

Figure 2 - the same station, type in the plan.

The proposed hydroelectric power plant includes, for example, bridge overpass - 1, which can capture part of the river or to cover all its course, made of two farms having between an open doorway, which is vertically fixed guides - 2, in the guide - 2 mixed up frame - 3.

Screws on the outer contour and feature a cylindrical shell 7. On the outside of the shell 7 of each auger is made engagement - 8, for example zamochnoe, which directly or through satellites - 9 connects the screws if the screws more than one, in one unit turbines, capable, if necessary, to cover all the living section of the river.

One of the screw unit turbines, such as the satellite 10, a bevel gear - 11 fixed to the movable frame 12 cardan transmission - 13 and gear - 14 is connected to the current generator - 15.

Bridge ramp may be closed roof and have a beam hoist - 16, designed for lifting turbine from the river or to install them on the workspace.

Running the system in the following way: the flow of the river, is Asa screws turbines,
are in engagement with each other, creates a torque, which from the turbines is transmitted to the power generator. It may change in the process of hydroelectric power by reducing or increasing the number of turbines in the unit and before installing turbines or behind the devices, such as confusion and diffusers, known and used in hydraulic engineering to increase the velocity of flow in the working area of the turbines.

With the direct engagement of one of the screw turbine located near the screw, each screw has the opposite winding of the screw. If screws turbines, under the terms of the project, must have the same winding direction, they are connected through satellites - 9. The total torque from the turbine unit is transmitted to the shaft of the current generator - 15. The generator produces current.

Bottom hydroelectric, including turbines, made in the form of screws, are installed in the flow of the river and placed on its bottom, for example, bridge piers or floating base, the current generator and the actuator, characterized in that the outer contour of each turbine consists of a cylindrical shell on the outside with the link, for example zvocnim connecting screws, if more than one, in blocks, able if necessary to cover all the living section of the river, and a drive current generator, and each of the I turbine unit or whole unit is secured in the bearings for rolling,
mainly in the vertical plane, the frame.

SUBSTANCE: hydraulic turbine with self-closing blades comprises a shaft and a row of identical blades, forming at least one impeller. Blades are connected with the shaft with the help of axes 2. All blades consist of a row of plates and a holder 13 of a rotation angle. Two rectangular plates are attached to the axis 2 installed on the shaft with the help of bearings. Two triangular plates are fixed to each of the lower and upper part of rectangular plates of the blade, and these plates are connected to each other and to rectangular plates with the help of axes and bearings. Inside the blade 7 there is a holder 13 of a rotation angle comprising a frame 22, which is rigidly connected to the axis 2 installed on the shaft. Along the frame 22 with the help of bearings there are levers moving with one end, being connected to each other with an axis, by other ends the levers are connected to appropriate rectangular plates with the help of hinged joints. Inside the frame 22 there are two springs installed in the corners.

SUBSTANCE: method for conversion of energy of air or water flow currents is characterised by usage of a spring 8, with which a wing 1 or an airfoil is connected kinematically via a movable axis. The wing 1 or the airfoil is connected with the spring 8 with a sling 4. Directly near the wing 1 the sling 4 is equipped with auxiliary rear and front bridles 5 and 6. The bridles 5 and 6 limit the attack angle from the minimum to the maximum position by means of movement of the axis relative to the centre of forces application, creating a torque, which in its turn results in change of the attack angle and sling 4 tension.

EFFECT: simplified design, reduced material intensity, increased manufacturability and as a result lower specific cost of a generated kW*hr of electric energy.

SUBSTANCE: power plant for conversion of energy of air or water flow currents comprises a power takeoff shaft, with which a wing 1 or an airfoil is connected kinematically via a movable axis and introduced into the flow along with its motion. The power takeoff shaft is arranged in the form of a crankshaft 5. The wing 1 or the airfoil is connected with the crankshaft 5 with a sling 4. Directly near the wing 1 the sling 4 has auxiliary rear and front slings with a function of attack angle limitation. The power plant comprises a device for control of the attack angle 2 from the minimum to the maximum level, made as capable of moving the spring-loaded axis relative to the centre of application of aerodynamic forces depending on direction of crankshaft 5 movement, and as a result from head of air or water medium.

SUBSTANCE: method to convert energy of air or water flow currents is characterised by using of a power takeoff shaft, with which a wing 1 or an airfoil is kinematically connected via a movable axis being introduced into the flow along with its movement. The power takeoff shaft is arranged in the form of a crankshaft 5. The wing 1 or the airfoil is connected with the crankshaft 5 using a sling 4, equipped with additional short slings in close proximity of the wing. Slings provide for limitation of the attack angle of the wing 1 in the specified range. With the help of the device to control the attack angle 2 the attack angle of the wing 1 is changed with a jump from the minimum one to the maximum one, moving with the help of the movable mass of the accelerometer rigidly connected with a cam the axis of the main sling relative to the centre of application of aerodynamic forces depending on the direction of the crankshaft 5 motion.

EFFECT: simplified design of a converter realised on the basis of the method, reduced metal intensity, higher manufacturability and as a result reduction of specific cost of a produced kW hour of power.

SUBSTANCE: turbomachine with bladed rotors includes main housing 2, rotor 4 arranged in a movable manner in housing 1, at least two blades 5 that can be rotated and are uniformly distributed along the circle of rotor 4 and fixed on the axis parallel to the rotor axis, conical gears 7, 8, 9, 10 between each axis of blade 4 and coupling 12 rotating on shaft 14 of the rotor. The first rotor 4 is connected to the second rotor 20 that is connected to the first rotor 4 in a movable manner. The second rotor 20 includes at least two blades 22 that can be rotated and are uniformly distributed along the circle of rotor 20 and fixed on the axis parallel to the axis of rotor 20, a transfer mechanism between each axis of blade 22 and coupling 12 rotating on shaft 14 of the rotor.

EFFECT: creation of a turbomachine, in which kinetic energy of liquid can be optimally used with maximum efficiency.

SUBSTANCE: method to convert kinetic energy of a fluid medium flow into useful work including placement of (their) working element (elements) (WE) 1 in the fluid medium flow under conditions of interaction with the fluid medium flow and simultaneous communicating harmonic rotary and reciprocal movements to WE 1. The WE 1 is fixed in the fluid medium flow in a cantilever manner as capable of fixed rotation and rotary movement relative to the axis 6, on which they are fixed, matching the axis for connection of a slider 5 with a connecting rod 3. Reciprocal movements of the WE 1 are carried out in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the flow movement and matching the vector of a normal component of a driving flow force, the resulting component of which is directed perpendicularly to the side surface of the WE 1.

SUBSTANCE: driving mechanism comprises a symmetric wing 1 arranged in an uneven flow of water with side walls 2, the axis 3 of which is installed in hinged supports 4 at rear ends of cross beams 5, connected by front ends through hinged joints 6 to a support structure 7, and also an actuating mechanism 9 connected with the axis of the wing 1 by means of a gear 8. The mechanism 9 is equipped with an elastic air cushion 11 arranged in the upper part of the wing 1 above water 10 filling its lower part 10, a lever 12, fixed on the wing 1, and vertical traction rods 13. Traction rods 13 are connected by lower ends with bearings 14 installed on the axis 3 and are attached by upper ends by means of springs 15 to the structure 7. Between the structure 7 and the lever 12 there are the following components installed in series - an elastic element 16 and a controller 17 of wing 1 position. In walls 2 there are holes 18. The top of the holes 18 is arranged below the upper point of the wing 1 profile and matches the level 19 of its filling water 10 and the lower border of the cushion 11, which is arranged in the form of an elastic shell 20, filled with air 21.

EFFECT: higher efficiency due to parametric amplification of rotary oscillations of a driving mechanism wing.

SUBSTANCE: hydroelectric plant comprises a floating base made in the form of a catamaran, between bodies 1 of which there is a channel formed, a water wheel 2 arranged in the latter, with blades 3 fixed on its outer surface and an electric generator 4 kinematically connected with a shaft 5 of the water wheel 2. Walls of the channel formed by bodies 1 of the catamaran are made as narrowing. The channel is symmetrical relative to the plane stretching via the axis of the water wheel 2. To the outer wall of the catamaran body 1, on which the electric generator 4 is located, a shield 7 is fixed at the angle to the flow, and on its upper part a rope 9 is fastened that attaches the plant to the coast. An electric cable connecting the electric generator 4 with a load is fixed freely to the rope 9.

EFFECT: simplified possibility to fix a hydroelectric plant in a certain area of a water stream.

SUBSTANCE: conversion method of falling water energy to electric energy involves a water turbine and an electric generator, which are connected to each other. The following is arranged along the bed of a mountain river flowing on the mountain slope: horizontal and vertical water passages connected to each other and filled with water flow. Water turbine is arranged inside lower part of a vertical water passage. Water turbine is connected through a special device to electric generator. Electric generator is connected through wires to a consumer of the same energy.

EFFECT: creation of a hydraulic power plant of a new generation, which do not disturb ecological situation of the environment.

SUBSTANCE: device to convert energy of spent water into electric energy comprises a vertical forward-flow channel in the form of a pipe with a hydraulic generator connected to a load in the lower part, in which there is a hydraulic generator screw with blades. The device additionally includes an expanding reservoir, equipped with washing waves, lower and upper air nozzles, providing for accordingly supply of ascending air flow, which additionally rotates the screw blades, and its bleeding. The screw blades have a cone-shaped section, which prevents accumulation of deposits in areas of connection with the shaft. There is a control system, which accumulates and redistributed the produced energy.

SUBSTANCE: hydraulic turbine comprises horizontal shaft 4 with curved vanes 5 fitted thereon. Half of said vanes does not interact with flow because they are located inside large seat 2 while vanes interacting with flow have their bulge directed upward. Wall 6 of larger seat 2 opposite shaft 4 changes into flange 8 varying flow direction 12 toward the side opposite the wall of tube 1. This prevents depositions effluents sediments nearby shaft 4 while peripheral part of vanes 5 is self-cleaned due to centrifugal force, its configuration and that of seat 2.

SUBSTANCE: vacuum hydraulic plant comprises a tight chamber 25, where pressure is pulled below atmospheric one, and where water is delivered. In the tight chamber 25 on one rope 17 there are tight cylinders 19 and 9 as capable in their balanced position to displace or charge water volume and spin hydraulic turbines 4 and 21. Hydraulic turbines 4 and 21 with power generators 5 and 20 are installed in an injection and drain pipelines 3 and 22 and installed above a water reservoir 30. For filtration of water at the ends of pipelines 3 and 22 there are meshy filters 23 and 29 arranged. For desalination of sea water or production of steam with its further condensation the tight chamber 25 via the pipeline with the gate valve is connected to a high-pressure ejector. One end of the ejector is connected with a fresh water load via a heat load. The other end of the ejector is serially connected with a source of high-pressure. At the inlet and outlet of the tight chamber 25 there are valves 28 and 24 installed.

EFFECT: invention provides for capability of desalination, filtration, heating or cooling of water.

SUBSTANCE: hydroelectric power plant includes water intake located outside bed of river, main capacity, pressure waterway and waterway of turbines. Along the whole bed of river there arranged is n regulating water reservoirs for water collection, each of which is equipped with a filling channel connected to the river bed and made in upper place as to level and dam with the height of up to upper level, which is made in lower place as to level. Discharge pipeline interconnected with river bed and equipped with a gate valve is installed at lower point of each regulating water reservoir. The main capacity is made in the form of the main water reservoir located below regulating water reservoirs in the section with high level difference and equipped with filling channel connected to the river bed, and dam with height of up to upper level, which are made in upper and lower places respectively as to water level. Pressure waterway is installed downstream as to level of the main water reservoir and made in the form of pressure pipelines with length of not less than 12-15 km depending on river water level difference in order to obtain the required head, which leave the main water reservoir. Pressure pipelines consist of winter pressure pipeline for minimum water flow rate and n summer pressure pipelines for maximum water flow rate. Pressure pipelines are connected to turbine waterway. Hydroelectric power plant also includes compensation water body located at the head level of turbine waterway, which is connected to waterway of turbines and equipped with pump group.

SUBSTANCE: rotor wind hydraulic engine comprises a shaft connected with a disc, between which blades are installed on their axes along the periphery as capable of their rotation inside and outside rotors. Blades are equipped with levers connected with one of discs by means of flexible joints, rotary supports and tensioning devices. In the disc there are holes, flexible rods are pulled via rotary supports and holes downwards, tensioning devices are arranged in the form of weights attached to ends of flexible traction rods, and between weights and surface of the disc there are additionally arranged cocked springs for compression and sliding bushings on flexible traction rods. Weights, springs for compression and sliding bushings at ends of flexible traction rods may be arranged in pipes attached by some ends to the disc, besides, at the other ends of pipes there are adjustment screws that fix initial position of weights.

EFFECT: using a device will ensure higher safety, higher efficiency factor, and also increased range of rotor rotations control as flow speeds vary within wide limits.

SUBSTANCE: at the moment of small hydro-electric station start-up all stages of ballast load are started, when rated frequency of generator 2 rotation is achieved, an asynchronous electric motor of a water supply pump 5 is started with a device of reactive power compensation. At the same time the load is redistributed between the ballast load and the started asynchronous electric motor of the water supply pump 5 with the device of individual compensation of reactive power, therefore voltage at the generator 2 stator changes insignificantly. Then upon completion of a transition process, an electric motor of a vacuum pump 6 is started with a device of individual compensation of reactive power. Upon completion of the transition process, similarly electric motors of the first milk pump 7, the second milk pump 8 and a pump of a milk cooler 9 are started, which, due to low capacity in respect to a generator of the small hydro-electric station, slightly reduce voltage at its leads, and therefore electromagnet torque at all electric motors operating under load practically does not change.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of small hydro-electric station application and improved stability of operation of milking system process equipment.

SUBSTANCE: system of autonomous bridge lighting comprises a hydropower plant connected to a source of light and installed under water and comprising a reactive screw 1, a power generator 2, a planetary multiplier 4, arranged on a single shaft 3 between 1 and the power generator 2, and a garbage-protecting grid 6. The shaft 3 is arranged along a river watercourse. The screw 1, the multiplier 4 and the power generator 2 are installed in a single body 5 with expanded inlet and outlet holes. The grid 6 is installed in front of the screw 3 in the inlet hole of the body 5. The plant is fixed on a bridge support 7 on guides 9 as capable of vertical displacement and fixation. The system comprises a voltage frequency converter 13, connected with the power generator 2 and the light source, and a accumulator 14, connected with the converter 13, and is also equipped with a hoist 10, connected with the body 5. The converter 13, the accumulator 14 and the hoist 10 are installed on a mounting site 11, mounted into the upper part of the bridge support 7.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of a lighting system due to increased speed of river watercourse as it flows around a support and increased frequency of power generator shaft rotation.

SUBSTANCE: run-of-river pumping hydraulic power plant comprises a hollow shaft 1, double-wing blades 20 of sail type, joined with the shaft 1 with the help of carriers 4, displacement pumps of double action. On the axis 4 of double-wing blades 20 there are levers 6, hingedly joined by means of traction bars 8 with a crosspiece 9 at the end of the pump stem. The discharge chamber 16 of pumps by means of pipe sections 17 is hydraulically connected with a hollow shaft 1. Double-wing sail-type blades 20 of durable thick hydrophobic cloth have larger length compared to the axis 5 of blades 20.

SUBSTANCE: mechanism of water flow energy conversion comprises energy receivers arranged on a rigid frame in the form of rectangular planes. These planes are covered with a water-impermeable material. Energy receivers are installed inside a body and are connected to two centres of rotation. One of rotation centres with the help of a crosspiece and a shaft is joined to ends of energy receives via axes. These axes at one side are rigidly connected to ends, and at the other end are joined with a ring. The ring centre of rotation is displaced relative to the crosspiece centre of rotation. The ring is movably joined with a body by means of rollers fixed on body walls. Whenever a ring rotates, energy receivers make circular movements, and angle of their inclination to the flow remains unchanged. Movement against the flow takes place in an air medium.

SUBSTANCE: proposed generator plant has frame that mounts power unit, foot-operated air pump, and compressed-air cylinders whose air lines communicate with generator plant. Control panel is electrically connected to output of electric generator vertically installed on generator plant housing and mechanically coupled with exciter and power unit made in the form of vertical-shaft pneumostatic motor. The latter has sealed case with inlet, outlet, and safety valves closed with cover that accommodates vertical rotor mounted in case and cover bearings and made in the form of shaft with two power drives attached thereto by means of U-shaped frames. Power drives are installed on either side of vertical shaft and spaced 180 deg. apart in horizontal plane. Each of them has a number of similar members symmetrically mounted one on top of other, their quantity being dependent of desired power. Each member is essentially rhombic plate made of light-mass and high-strength metal whose longitudinal axis is longest diagonal parallel to that of other power drive. Through ducts are provided on front ends of rhomb and L-shaped blind ducts, on its rear butt-ends. All these ducts are closed with covers kinematically coupled with drive cylinder piston. Compressed air fed to sealed housing opens covers, and unbalanced forces are built up on each member which set power unit in rotary motion. Air evacuation from sealed housing closes covers with the result that no forces are built up on drive members.