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Sunday's election in the southwest state of Saarland is seen by some to be a first test of Angela Merkel's potential staying power in September's election. But what else is there to know about one of the country's smallest states?

With a population of just over one million, and its capital of Saarbrücken attracting less international acclaim than other more robust German cities, Saarland may have never been on your radar before.

But its state election this Sunday is viewed by some as being the first test of Chancellor Angela Merkel's strength ahead of the national election in September. Will the "Schulz effect" of the sudden popularity of her main rival, Martin Schulz, hit?

We give you a bit of background on the state.

Saarland has a long history with neighbouring France

The region’s first inhabitants up to the Middle Ages were Celts and Germanic Franks, and it was often inhabited by German-speakers. But today's Saarland also was long influenced by the French, especially after it became a French province in 1684.

The area known as “Saar” would go back and forth under French or some other rule for years to come after that, until Napoleon Bonaparte’s defeat in 1815 when most of it was ceded to Prussia.

It’s largest modern-day border is still with France, with Luxembourg also to its west. France and the French language are still quite important to the region, and the state government in 2014 announced it wanted to become fully bilingual by 2043, making French its second common language spoken by all.

France is also the state’s most important trading partner for iron, sheet metal, coal, and other industrial materials.

It voted to join the Third Reich in 1935

After the end of the First World War, Saarland was placed under the administration of the League of Nations and for 15 years was its own political entity with its own currency and stamps.

Then in 1935, the locals voted overwhelmingly to be part of the Third Reich with more than 90 percent support in a referendum.

It also voted to join West Germany after the Second World War

Chancellor Konrad Adenauer in Saarland on January 1st, 1957, when the state joined West Germany. Photo: DPA.

After the Second World War, the Allied powers occupied Germany, splitting the country into zones of responsibility under the UK, US, France and the Soviet Union.

Saarland was occupied by the French and continued to be the Saar Protectorate under France when the other west-occupied regions merged to form the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) in 1949 during the Cold War.

France had offered to establish Saarland as an independent state, but the population voted against this plan in 1955, which was essentially a vote in support of the region joining West German instead.

It wasn’t until 1957 that the French and West German governments implemented a treaty to allow Saarland to join the other western states under the Federal Republic. This is known as the “Little Reunification” - Kleine Wiedervereinigung - in German, and was the most significant border change in Europe until the fall of the Berlin Wall.

It has mostly been governed by Merkel’s CDU party

Since Saarland’s first state parliament elections in 1960 after joining West Germany, Merkel’s conservative CDU has mostly governed the state as the largest party, except for between 1980 and the 1999 elections when the the Social Democrats (SPD) took power.

The SPD are hoping to see a resurgence in support in this year’s national election in September with their promising chancellor candidate Martin Schulz, so the Saarland vote will be the first to test how popular the centre-left party has become.

In the last election in 2012, the SPD was close behind the CDU, winning 30.6 percent of the vote compared to the CDU’s 35.2 percent.

This election will also be the first chance that the far-right AfD party - founded in 2013 - will have to win seats in Saarland’s parliament. The local party branch came under fire last year after it emerged that their lead candidate for this year’s vote, Rudolf Müller, was selling Nazi paraphernalia at his antiquities shop.

The Saarland state website is quick to point out that they don’t have just one single dialect. Instead, people speak either Rhine Franconian or Moselle Franconian.

“There is no united Saarland dialect,” the state website insists. “That is to say that Saarland speaks many dialects.”

And one thing in particular about the local dialects is that people often refer to all women and girls in the neutral, or “it”, form.

One theory behind this is that it comes from women’s names and references taking on the diminutive form. German has three genders - feminine, masculine, and neuter - and women are usually referred to in the feminine in Standard German. But when nouns are in the diminutive - like Mädchen for girl or calling a woman Anne “Annchen" they become neuter. And this is apparently the reason behind Saarlanders calling all women and girls “it”.

But some researchers have said this explanation is too simple, suggesting instead that the neutral form is a way to show more familiarity or proximity to the person you’re speaking with. Linguist Damaris Nübling observed last year that women who were unfamiliar to the speaker were still referred to in the feminine form, the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung reported.