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Governing the yarshagumba ‘gold rush’: a comparative study of governance systems in the Kailash Landscape in India and Nepalhttp://lib.icimod.org/record/34489
Wallrapp, C.;
Keck, M.;
Faust, H.;
Under present conditions of economic globalization, social-ecological systems undergo rapid changes. In this context, internal and external forces put heavy pressure on the governance systems of commons to adapt effectively. While institutional learning has been identified as a key element for the adaptive governance of social-ecological systems, there is still limited knowledge of what roles communities and governmental actors play in these processes. In this study, we take the case of yarshagumba (English: caterpillar fungus), a formerly non-valued product in the Himalayas, which has recently been transformed into a highly valuable resource within a short time. We compare the governance systems in collection sites in the Kailash Landscape in India and Nepalby using an analytical framework developed by Pahl-Wostl. Our findings show that in these remote mountain areas, communities and community-led organizations are highly flexible in responding to immediate resource value changes by establishing communal management arrangements. At the same time, however, communities have difficulties to enforce their newly developed informal and formal arrangements. During the process of learning the link between the amendment of arrangements on community-level and the revision of formal policies and frames at the state or national level is only partly established. Against this background, we argue that in the context of rapid change, adaptive governance requires the concerted interaction of actors at the local and the national levels in order to enable the sustainable use of common pool natural resources.Wallrapp, C.Mon, 06 May 2019 08:41:00 GMThttp://lib.icimod.org/record/344892019http://lib.icimod.org/record/34489/files/WallrappGovernance2019.png?subformat=iconhttp://lib.icimod.org/record/34489
http://lib.icimod.org/record/34489/files/WallrappGovernance2019.png?subformat=icon-600Production networks and borderlands: Cross-border yarsagumba trade in the Kailash Landscapehttp://lib.icimod.org/record/34458
Wallrapp, C.;
Faust, H.;
Keck, M.;
To date, the role of borderlands in global production networks is an under-researched topic. In this study, we take the production network of the highly valuable non-timber forest product ophiocordyceps sinensis (yarsagumba) as a case to study the trans-border connectivities of state and non-state actors in the borderland of India, Nepal and China located within the rural Kailash Landscape. We present the results of an in-depth qualitative study on the informal trade networks through which non-state actors transport yarsagumba from India to Nepali markets, and on the related governmental marketing mechanisms for non-timber forest products in India and Nepal. By looking through the lens of borderland studies we focus our analysis on the power and embeddedness of state authorities and non-state actors on both sides of the border within these legal and illegal trade networks and relate the findings to the function of borders as both material and institutional demarcation lines. Our case study shows that state authorities and non-state actors are closely enmeshed with each other, using or bypassing state regulations for their own benefits. This reproduces a ‘licit’ but illegal cross-border trade system. Besides economic interdependencies, social relations between actors are crucial for building trust between business partners who deal with high product values and cash flows outside formal regulatory spaces or between different regulatory spaces across state borders. We conclude that the power and embeddedness of actors in the production networks enable a network dynamic that undermines the function of the border as a line of separation.Wallrapp, C.Fri, 15 Feb 2019 03:59:05 GMThttp://lib.icimod.org/record/344582019http://lib.icimod.org/record/34458
Management Deficits of Yarshagumba Collectionhttp://lib.icimod.org/record/32780
wallrapp, C.;
Pande, G.;
Dorji, T.;
In the upper Kumaon region Yarshagumba (ophiocordyceps sinensis) collection is the main income source for nearly 18,000 households. Deficits in the management of the collection and trade of the species are increasingly decimating its surrounding habitat, leading to declining production each year and illegal trade. In addition to the degradation of ecosystem services, these deficits threaten the livelihoods of local communities and the living environment of many other species.wallrapp, C.Mon, 28 Aug 2017 08:29:00 GMThttp://lib.icimod.org/record/32780International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD)2017http://lib.icimod.org/record/32780/files/Yarsha Brief.jpg?subformat=iconhttp://lib.icimod.org/record/32780
http://lib.icimod.org/record/32780/files/Yarsha Brief.jpg?subformat=icon-600Horizontal Integration of Multiple Institutions: Solutions for Yarshagumba Related Conflict in the Himalayan Region of Nepal?http://lib.icimod.org/record/32541
Pant, B.;
Rai, R. K.;
Wallrapp, C.;
Ghate, R.;
Shrestha, U. B.;
Ram, A. ;
The incidence of conflicts among communities over the collection of Yarsagumba, the high value caterpillar fungus, has increased after the Government of Nepal has lifted a ban on its collection and trade in 2001. In most cases, conflicts over Yarsagumba harvesting persist either between locals and outsiders, or between collectors within a local community. In the Api Nampa Conservation Area in Darchula District, Nepal, conflicts are primarily caused by the competition for control over resources. The rights of the indigenous Shauka community(migratory herders), the Api Nampa Conservation Authority, and the non-Shauka communities of lower villages are at odds due to a lack of clarity, and the absence of coordination regarding the access to resources in the landscape. The Shauka community has restricted the Yarsagumba collection by ‘outsiders’ to specific and limited areas of their community forest and traditional grazing land. The lowland, non-Shauka community who are dissatisfied with the restrictions have excluded the Shauka people from the utilization of their winter pasture for animal grazing possible through the introduction of a community forestry programme. In this conflict, both communities suffer as the migratory lifestyle of the Shauka has been adversely affected, and earnings of the lowland community from Yarsagumba collection have been reduced. This is a no-win situation. Our study suggests that the Government of Nepal should prepare a national Yarsagumba management policy and local Yarsagumba management guidelines to address conflicts by clearly defining the roles, responsibilities and rights of local institutions and actors, while ensuring the provision of particular services in the community forestry programme to distant and seasonal users.Pant, B.Tue, 14 Mar 2017 10:46:53 GMThttp://lib.icimod.org/record/325412017http://lib.icimod.org/record/32541/files/icimodIJC11-2017.png?subformat=iconhttp://lib.icimod.org/record/32541
http://lib.icimod.org/record/32541/files/icimodIJC11-2017.png?subformat=icon-600Long-Term Environmental and Socio-ecological Monitoring in Transboundary Landscapes : An Interdisciplinary Implementation Framework - ICIMOD Working Paper 2015/2http://lib.icimod.org/record/30619
Chettri, N. ;
Bubb, P.;
Kotru, R.;
Rawat, G.;
Ghate, R.;
Murthy, M. S. R.;
Wallrapp, C. ;
Pauli, H.;
Shrestha, A. B.;
Mool, P. K.;
Chaudhary, D.;
Chaudhary, R. P.;
Mathur, P. K.;
Peili, S.;
Ning, W.;
Sharma, E.;
This publication is an important step in establishing effective long-term environmental and socio-ecological monitoring in the region, which will support efforts by ICIMOD and its partners to fill critical data gaps in the Hindu Kush Himalayas. The LTESM framework is a long-term transdisciplinary monitoring framework designed for implementation in ICIMOD’s Transboundary Landscapes Regional Programme together with the Centre’s partners in the region. It focuses on improving understanding of spatial and temporal changes to the biodiversity of the HKH, the drivers of these changes, and the consequences of these changes on human wellbeing in the region. By encouraging research institutions, organizations, and individual experts across disciplines to work together, it will support a more holistic understanding of the dynamic mountain ecosystems of the HKH and provide support for evidence-based decision making in the region. The approach also encourages experts to work on long-term collaborative programmes in line with rapidly growing international research networks such as Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA), International Long Term Environmental Research (ILTER), and Global Earth Observation Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO-BON).Chettri, N. Wed, 10 Jun 2015 10:40:09 GMThttp://lib.icimod.org/record/30619urn:ISBN:978 92 9115 335 0 (electronic)urn:ISBN:978 92 9115 334 3 (printed)International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD)2015http://lib.icimod.org/record/30619/files/WP 2015_2.png?subformat=iconhttp://lib.icimod.org/record/30619
http://lib.icimod.org/record/30619/files/WP 2015_2.png?subformat=icon-600