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Missa Ego flos campi

Introduction

The nine surviving Mass settings by Vaet mostly follow the dominant sixteenth-century formula of so-called ‘parody’ or ‘imitation’, modelling the Ordinary cycle on a work from another genre (from the mid-century onwards, typically a motet). Vaet was relatively unusual in combining more than one melody in three of his Masses; elsewhere he parodied his own motets as well as those by Jean Mouton (c1459–1522), Cipriano de Rore (1515/16–1565), Orlandus Lassus, and in the present case Jacob Clemens non Papa. Following the standard approach, Vaet opens his Missa Ego flos campi with material from the beginning of the motet; it would be normal then to proceed more or less in the order in which the imitative points appear in the model, recrafting them as necessary to fit the Mass text. However, Clemens’s motet is something of a special case: for reasons discussed elsewhere, the phrase ‘Sicut lilium inter spinas’ (‘As a lily among thorns’) is particularly strikingly set by the older composer, and Vaet makes use of this distinctive motif at strategic points throughout his Mass. The first is the climax of the Kyrie (3'45"), where it is preceded by the phrase that follows it in the model; the same ‘Sicut lilium’ phrase recurs in every movement, most noticeably perhaps in the ‘Osanna’ (Sanctus 3'25"), where it is transformed into triple metre.

Like older contemporaries such as Thomas Crecquillon, another imperial composer who however worked for the Spanish rather than Austrian branch of the Habsburg family, Vaet introduces variety of texture at particular points of the Mass cycle. Having reduced the number of voices from the seven of Clemens’s motet to a more manageable six, Vaet thins the ensemble still further, to four; this is the texture for the ‘Christe’, the middle section of the Gloria (‘Domine Fili’), the ‘Crucifixus’ in the Credo, and the Benedictus, all passages where such reduction is commonplace. Conversely, the Agnus Dei is expanded, this time to eight voices (like other composers working in German territories at this time, Vaet writes only one Agnus section, here sung twice in order to complete the text). The most audacious piece of reduced-voice writing, however, is the ‘Pleni’ (Sanctus 1'33"), a duet between two basses beginning on low F. Although beginning together, the two voices are in fact in canon, where one sings at twice the speed of the other. Canonic techniques were becoming less popular during Vaet’s lifetime, as the interest in artifice that had characterized late-medieval music gave way to an emphasis on text declamation; but composers still occasionally demonstrated their skill in this area. Vaet here manages to achieve the effect of imitation between the two parts, which in this type of canon is no mean feat.

Recordings

The vocal sextet Cinquecento are rapidly becoming one of the most admired early music ensembles recording today. Their latest release presents the music of Jacobus Vaet, repertoire they began to explore in their first disc for Hyperion (Music for ...» More

Glory to God in the highest
and on earth peace to men of goodwill.
We praise you. We bless you.
We worship you. We glorify you.
We give thanks to you for your great glory.
Lord God, heavenly King, almighty God the Father,
O Lord, the only begotten Son, Jesus Christ.
Lord God, Lamb of God, Son of the Father.
You take away the sins of the world, have mercy on us.
You take away the sins of the world,
receive our prayer.
You sit at the right hand of the Father, have mercy on us.
For you only are holy. You only are the Lord.
You only are the most high, Jesus Christ.
With the Holy Spirit
in the glory of God the Father. Amen.

I believe in one God, the Father, the almighty
maker of heaven and earth,
of all that is seen and unseen.
I believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ,
the only begotten Son of God.
Eternally begotten of the Father.
God from God, light from light, true God from true God.
Begotten not made, of one being with the Father:
through him all things were made.
For us men and for our salvation,
he came down from heaven.
By the power of the Holy Spirit he became
incarnate of the virgin Mary: and was made man.
For our sake he was crucified: under Pontius Pilate
he suffered death and was buried.
On the third day he rose again in accordance with the scriptures.
He ascended into heaven:
and is seated at the right hand of the Father.
He shall come again in glory
to judge the living and the dead:
whose kingdom shall have no end.
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life:
who proceeds from the Father and the Son.
With the Father and the Son he is worshipped
and glorified; he has spoken through the Prophets.
I believe in one holy, catholic
and apostolic Church. I acknowledge one
baptism for the forgiveness of sins.
And I look for the resurrection of the dead.
And the life of the world to come. Amen.