2 Answers
2

Wiki Page
These are the pages where you in edit mode can insert web parts as part of the text.

On Wiki Pages you can change text layout when in edit mode:
New layouts can't be made

Web Part Page
These are the pages where you only can insert web parts into zones and you're not using publishing.

On Web Part Pages you can only select layout when you create the page. (You can then edit it using SharePoint designer later)

New layouts can only be made by changing pages using SharePoint Designer

Publishing Page
These are the pages using page layout on a publishing site.

On Publishing pages you can change Page Layouts when in edit mode:
New Page layouts can be made using SharePoint Designer, Visual Studio (or any editor) and Save/Deployed/uploaded in Master Page Gallery

Do you know any good tutorials on how to create pages in Visual Studio(2012). Im struggling to find Anything at all. Or can I use the designer on a sharepoint server (not foundaation) somehow. Thanks.
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DoomsknightDec 14 '12 at 10:06

Which kind of page do you want to create? And yes SharePoint designer works fine wieh SharePoint Server unless the administrators has disabled it (and you have the rights to use it)
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Per JakobsenDec 14 '12 at 12:25

Ive been able to via the website, expand the edit option, to click edit with sharepoint designer 2013, which I just installed. I then created a layout to use on my site. When I create the layout, its all in code (html etc). Where is the actual design view gone?
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DoomsknightDec 14 '12 at 13:04

Due to the dynamic and flexible nature of pages in SP2013 MS has decided that the Design view didn't make sense and therefore they removed it
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Per JakobsenDec 14 '12 at 15:29

While creating a webpart page you have options to select which layout you want to use. According to the screenshot provided you can have 2 columns webpart zone. Then in the webpart zones you can add your webparts according to your requirement.