Section 11.1 From Republic to Empire

Comments (0)

Transcript of Section 11.1 From Republic to Empire

Disorder in the Roman RepublicSection 11.1From Republic to EmpireThe End of The RepublicProblems the Roman Republic Had1. Wars2. Society was not getting along3. Little or no political order4. Riots/rebellions5. City of Rome was overcrowded Calls For ChangeSome Romans tried to stop the chaosEx: Cicero [philosopher & public speaker] "Romans should cooperate & work together""Limit the powers of the generals! Let's bring back the ways of the Republic"Cicero Did Not Succeed. Government Did Not Change- Why?1. Many Romans did not agree with him2. Others were too busy to listen3. Some generals were working on taking over the government

The most powerful of these generals was...Julius CaesarGreat war generalBrave & skilled in battleTreated his soldiers wellStrong leaderExcellent speaker Powerful friends - Pompey & Crassus [The three of them ruled Rome]Conquered all of Gaul - Julius Caesar, Pompey & Crassus = partnership for about 10 years.- But Caesar was getting popular & his friends were getting jealous.-50 BC: Pompey's followers ordered Caesar to give up his position in the army. They wanted Pompey to rule alone.-Caesar refused.-Result: War between Pompey and Caesar.-Pompey lost.-Caesar returned to Rome in 45 BC-Made himself dictator for life-People did not like that + they did not like the way Caesar gained power-Senators [members of Council] were angry. Caesar had reduced their power.-They feared his growing strengthVIDEOSAfter Caesar's assassination, two great leaders appeared. Marc AntonyCaesar's former assistant OctavianCaesar's adopted sonThey both wanted to punish those who murdered CaesarSenate had to run awayAntony & Octavian's army defeated some of them. The rest killed themselvesAntony & OctavianAfter the Battle of Philippi, Octavian returned to ItalyAntony went East to fight Rome's enemiesMarc AntonyOctavia(Octavian's sister)Eight years later:Marc AntonyCleopatraOctavian was insulted.Result = War.Antony was defeated. He escaped back to Egypt with Cleopatra.They both committed suicide so they would not be taken prisoner by Octavian.Octavian became the only ruler of RomeOver the next few years, he gained more and more powerHe became the first Roman Emperor of the Roman Empire in 27 BCNew title: "Augustus"