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Monday, March 22, 2010

Español 3- El Diario de ch 2 vocabulario/gramática 1

PLEASE INCLUDE AT LEAST THREE ORIGINAL (AS IN NOT FROM THE TEXTBOOK) EXAMPLE SENTENCES THAT DEMONSTRATE EACH CONCEPT YOU EXPLAIN!!

Use the notes you took in class to guide you.Please DO NOT copy directly from thetext.Write out explanations in your own words and make up your own examples.

Please DO NOT write directly in the blog response space.Type all textusing Microsoft Word first, then copy and paste in into the blog response space.Be appropriate Spanish punctuation when necessary-accents, tildes, question marks, etc.Be careful with spelling-use your text as a reference for spelling.

Please talk to me (in person, via email) if you have any questions/concerns about this assignment.

Your journal entry will be due Wednesday, March 24th by 11:30 pm.It will be worth 40 points.Remember that if you submit late, you will receive half credit.

Ir a + Infinitive in the Imperfect• Say what someone was going to do.• Ir a + inf. Can be followed by a preterite very when the second verb relates to a completed action or to a condition that ended.• It is followed by an imperfect verb when the second verb refers to an ongoing state or past condition.

Nosotros Commands• To suggest that people do or not do something.• The nosotros form of the present subjunctive is used.• Ir in the affirmative command is vamos. In the negative, it is vayamos.• When there is an affirmative command, the object or reflexive pronouns are attached to the end of the verb.• When the command is negative, the pronouns are placed between the no and the verb.• Also, for affirmative commands, when the pronoun is added on, the “s” from the command is dropped off.• When a pronoun is added on to the verb, remember that an accent mark is put on the third to last syllable.• Spelling changes are important to remember.- c to qu- g to gu- z to c

Soy una gran aficionada a fútbol. ¿Qué deporte te gusta a ti?-I’m a big soccer fan. What sport do you like?Pues, la verdad es que no me gustan todos los deportes.-Well, the truth is that I don’t like any of the sports.

A. Barbacci Part IIThe imperfect is used to talk about:-past events-what one used to do-how things used to be-or what happened in general

De niña, me encantaba trepar los arboles todos los días.-When I was a little girl, I loved to climb trees every day.Cuando mi abuelo era niño, siempre él jugaba a pilla-pilla con sus amigos.-When my grandpa was a boy, he always used to play tag with his friends.Cuando mi mama era niña, casi siempre ella le quería jugar a la casita.-When my mom was a girl, she almost always wanted to play house.

The only irregular verbs in the imperfect are: ir, ver, and ser.

De niña, yo iba a la playa todos los veranos.-When I was a little girl, I went to the beach every summer.Cuando era niño, Miguel era muy juguetón.-When he was a boy, Miguel was very playful.Mi abuelo veía Elvis en la tele cuando era niño.-My grandpa saw Elvis on T.V. when he was a boy.

One can use the phrases: muchas veces, a veces, (casi) siempre, and todos los años/días when using the imperfect.(see sentences above)

Ir a + infinitive in the imperfect:

Use ir a + infinitive in the imperfect to say what someone was going to do.Iba a salir, pero…-I was going to leave, but…Iba a leer, pero…-I was going to read, but…Iba a estudiar, pero…-I was going to study, but…

Ir a + infinitive is followed by a verb in the preterite if the second verb refers to a completed action/condition that ended.

Mi mama iba a llevar a mis hermanos a la casa de mi abuela, pero se enfermó.-My mom was going to take my brothers to my grandma’s house, but she got sick.Ella iba a ir al cine, pero su novio nunca la llamó.-She was going to go to the movies, but her boyfriend never called her.Miguel y yo íbamos a limpiar mi habitación, pero yo fui a la fiesta a la casa de Rachel.-Miguel and I were going to clean my room, but I went to the party at Rachel’s house.

Also, ir a + infinitive, is followed by another verb in the imperfect if the second verb refers to an ongoing state or condition in the past.

Íbamos a jugar al fútbol, pero tenía que hacer un papel de español.-We were going to play soccer, but we had to do a Spanish paper.Mis hermanos iban a jugar los videojuegos, pero necesitaban lavar el perro.-My brothers were going to play videogames, but they needed to wash the dog.Quería ir al desfile el domingo, pero hacía mal tiempo.-I wanted to go to the parade this Sunday, but the weather was bad.

Nosotros Commands:

Endings for nosotros commands:-ar verbs= -emos-er verbs= -amos*Also remember to ALWAYS go to the yo form of a verb to form the nosotros command. This shows/includes irregularities. For example hacer -> hago-> hagamos=nosotros command; tener->tengo->tengamos=nosotros command.*Remember to keep stem changes that occured in the present tense, yo form of the verb. For example jugar->juego->jueguemos.*Furthermore, remember that -gar,-car, and -zar verbs have irregular endings in nosotros commands. They have the same endings as in the present subjunctive:-sacar—saquemos -llegar—lleguemos-organizer—organicemos *Also, verbs that have irregualr present subjunctive forms will have the same irregular nosotros command forms.-dar—demos-ser—seamos

Vamos a + infinitive is used to say what a group of people is going to do. To suggest that a group of people do or not do something, one should use the nosotros commands.

No compremos las camisetas; compremos las bolsas.-Let’s not buy the T-shirts; let’s buy the purses.Escuchemos a la profesora.-Let’s listen to the teacher. Hagamos una fiesta en cinco de mayo.-Let’s have a party on Cinco de Mayo.

Also use the nosotros from of the present subjunctive for nosotros commands. Ir has an irregular affirmative form: vamos.

No vayamos al cine hoy. Vamos al lago.-Let’s not go to the movies today. Let’s go to the lake.

Finally, objective or reflexive pronouns are attached to the end of a verb in affirmative commands or go between the no and the verb in the negative commands.

¿Hacemos la tarea ahora?—Sí. Hagamosla ahora.-Are we doing the homework now?—Yes, let’s do it now.¿Invitamos a Lola?—Sí. Invitémosla.-Are we inviting Lola.—Yes, let’s invite her.¿Compramos la camiseta?—No. No la compremos.-Are we buying the T-shirt?—No. Let’s not buy it.¿Llamamos a nuestro hermano?—No. No lo llamemos.-Are we calling our brother?—No. Let’s not call him.A. Barbacci Part IIIFurthermore, if the verb is reflexive with “nos” as the pronoun, and it is added to the end of an affirmative command, the final “s” of the command is omitted.

ir a + infinitive in the imperfect-to state what someone was going to do-follow by a verb in the preterite when the second verb refers to a completed action or a condition that ended ex. Iba a organizer mi cuarto, pero mi abuela me llamó. Ex. Mis amigos y yo ibamos a ir al cine, pero el pero de Beca murío. Ex. Mi mamá iba a leer un libro, pero no pudo encontrar los anteojos.-follow by a verb in the imperfect when the second verb refers to an ongoing action or condition in the past ex. Iba a ir a la playa, pero tenía mucho calor. Ex. Mi amigo iba a venir a mi casa, pero mi papá no estaba allí. Ex. Iba a tomar una siesta, pero no tenía tiempo.

Nosotros commands-to suggest what a group of people should or shouldn’t do.-to form: go to the present tense yo form of the verb; drop the –o; add –emos to an ar verb & add –amos to an er/ir verb-object or reflexive pronouns are attached to affirmative or go between no and the verb for negative commands-irregulars: c->qu; g->gu; z->c-irregulars: dar->demos; ser->seamos

Ir a + infinitivo in the imperfect• Use ir + a infinitive in the imperfect to state what someone was going to do.o Example: Iba a estudiar, pero…- I was going to study, but…• Ir a + infinitive is followed by a verb in the preterite when the second verb refers to a completed action or to a condition that ended.o Example: Iba a llamarte, pero se me olvidό.o Example: Mis padres iban a ver la película, pero llegaron tarde.• Ir a + infinitive is followed by another verb in the imperfect when the second verb refers toa n ongoing state or condition in the past.o Example: Nosotros íbamos a jugar al fútbol, pero teníamos mucha tarea.o Example: Eduardo íba a salir, pero se sentía muy cansado.

Nosotros Commands• To suggest that a group of people do or something (Let’s [not]…), use nosotros commandso Example: No hablemos con el director; hablemos con Sergio major.- Let’s not speak to the principal; let’s talk to Sergio instead.• Use the nosotros form of the present subjunctive for nosotros commands.• The verb ir has an irregular affirmative form: vamoso Example: No vayamos al lago hoy; que está lloviznando, vamos el cine.- Let’s not go to the lake today; it’s drizzling. Let’s go to the movies.• Object or reflexive pronouns are attached to the end of a verb in affirmative commands or go between no and the verb in negative commands.o Example: ¿Hacemos la fiesta esta semana? ¿Invitamos a los vecinos?o Example: Sí, hagámosla el viernes. No, no los invitemos esta vez• The final s is dropped before adding nos.o Example: No nos preocupemos pore so. Vámonos ya.

THE IMPERFECT- Is used to talk about past events. It tells what one used to do, how things used to be, or what happened in general.- Ir, ver, and ser are the only verbs that are irregular in the imperfect.- The imperfect is often used with expressions such as muchas veces, a veces, (casi) siempre, and todos los años/días-ar Endings-aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -aban

- Use ir a + infinitive in the imperfect to state what someone was going to do.- Ir a + infinitive is followed by a verb in the preterite when the second verb refers to a completed action or to a condition that ended.o Iba a practicar el tennis, pero mi carro rompió.o Iba a trepar a los árboles, pero me corté el dedo.o Iba a entregar la tarea, pero mi perro la comió.- Ir a + infinitive is followed by another verb in the imperfect when the second verb refers to an ongoing state or condition in the past.o Iba a ir a la casa de mi amiga, pero tenía que limpiar mi cuarto.o Mis amigos y yo íbamos a ir a la playa, pero llovía.o Iba a ir al centro commercial, pero necesitaba visitar mi abuela.

NOSOTROS COMMANDS

- Use to suggest that a group of people do or not do something.- Use the nosotros form of the present subjunctive for nosotros commands. The verb ir has an irregular affirmative form: vamos.o Lleguemos a tiempo a los partidos.o Organicemos un campeonado para abril.o No nos olvidemos de darle las gracias al director.- Object or reflexive pronouns are attached to the end of a verb in affirmative commands or go between no and the verb in negative commands.o Note that the final –s is dropped before adding nos. Acuestémonos Descansémonos Lavémonos

When talking about the past one can use the imperfect tense, like when talking about what you used to do, how things were, or what happen in general.

Endings for the imperfect are:-ar verbs-aba-abas-aba-ábamos-aban

-er/-ir verbs-ía- ías- ía-íamos- ían

There are three verbs that are irregular in the imperfect. These verbs are:Ir- ibaVer- veíaSer- eraSome experssions that can be used witht eh imperfect are:-muchas veces-a veces-(casi) siempere -todos los años/dias

To say what someone was going to do you use ir a + infinitive in the imperfect.

When the ir a+ infinitive expression is followed by the preterite when the thing that was going to happen was interrupted by a complete action. Ex: Iba a ir al cine pero me enferme. Iba a cortar el césped pero empezó a llover. Mi hermano iba a tocar su guitarra pero se le rompió.

When the expression is followed by an imperfect is when it action that prevented the action from happening was an ongoing state or condition in the past. Ex: Iba a ir a la casa de mi amiga pero tenia mucha tarea. Mis amigos y yo vimos a jugar boliche pero yo necesitaba limpiar mi cuatro. Iba a comer la sopa pero estaba fría.

Nosotros Commands

Before to say what a group of people was going to do you would use vamos a + infinitive. Now to suggest what a group of people do or not you can use nosotros commands.

• To form the nosotros from the verb is first conjugates to the yo present tense, from there the o is dropped and –emos is added to –ar verbs and –amos to –er and –ir verbs. Ex: Practiquemos el fútbol todos los días después de la escuela. Hagamos toada la tarea en casa, antes de llegar a la escuela. Vamos al cine mañana en la tarde.

• When dealing with object or reflexive pronouns while using nosotros commands, in a affirmative command the pronouns will be attached to the end of the verb but when using a negative command the pronoun goes between the no and the verb. When adding the pronoun nos the last –s of the verb must be dropped. Ex: Llamémoslos hoy, están muy sucios Despertémonos pronto en la mañana. No lo hagamos, es muy aburrido.

The Imperfect TenseThe imperfect is used to talk about past events. It tells what one used to do, how things used to be, or what happened in general.Mi mejor amiga tomaba clases de piano.De niño, tú jugabas al béisbol.Tenía un perro cuando era niña.Imperfect verb endings are:-ar verbs -er/-ir verbs-aba -ía-abas -ías-aba -ía¬-ábamos -íamos-aban -íanIr, ver, and ser are the only verbs that are irregular in the imperfect.De niño, era muy impaciente.De niña, veía partidos de fútbol.The imperfect is often used with expressions such as: muchas veces, a veces, (casi) siempre, and todos los años/días.

Ir a + infinitive in the ImperfectUse ir a + infinitive in the imperfect to state what someone was going to do. Iba a estudiar, pero… Ibas a ir conmigo, pero…Ir a +infinitve is followed by a verb in the preterite when the second verb refers to a completed action or to a condition that ended.Iba a ir contigo, pero me desperate tarde.Iban a correr por el vecindario, pero perdieron sus zapatos.Iba a ir al cine, pero no tuve suficiente dinero.Ir a + infinitive is followed by another verb in the imperfect when the second verb refers to an ongoing state or condition in the past.Iba a montar en bicicleta, pero hacía mucho calor.Ibas a jugar al baloncesto, pero tenía tarea.Iba a cortar el césped, pero se sentía muy cansado.

Nosotros commandsUse nosotros commands to suggest that a group of people do or not do something.No hablemos con la profesora.Estudiemos por el examen.Saquemos buenas notas este año.Use the nosotros form of the present subjunctive for nosotros commands. The verb ir has an irregular affirmative form: vamos.No vayamos a la playa hoy. Vamos a mi casa.Vamos al cine este domingo, quiero ver la película nueva.Vamos a la clase temprano.Object or reflexive promouns are attached to the end of a verb in affirmative commands or go between no and the verb in negative commands.No, no los escribamos ahora.¿La tarea? Sí, hagamosla esta noche.No nos preocupemos, vámonos ya.

Ir a infinitivo is followed by another verb in the imperfect when the second verb refers to an Chongoing state OR condition in the past.Examples:Iba a salir, pero my mama no estaba en casa.Iba a jugar al baloncesto, pero tenia que hacer un papel de español.Mi hermano y yo íbamos a ir el partido de futbol pero yo tenia mucho tarea.

Nosotros CommandsVamos a ir is used to say what a group of people are going to do.Nosotros commands are used to suggest what a group of people should od OR not do. (Lets[not]…)Go the yo form of the verb, and replace the -o ending with amos for er/ir verbs and emos for ar verbs.Change these endings -car, -gar, -zar, -ger, -guir endings.-car -qu-gar -gu-zar -c-ger -jVerb ir is irregular affirmative is vamosVamos a el partido del futbol.No vayamos a las clases.Object OR reflexive pronouns are attached to the end of a verb in affirmative commands OR go between no and the verb in negative commands. The final s is dropped when adding nos.

* The second half of the sentence should be a verb in the preterite when there was completed action or a condition ended. * The second half of the sentence should be a verb in the imperfect when it refs to an ongoing state or condition in the past

No vayamos a... No aguanto...-Let's not go to... I can't stand...Como quieras. Me da lo mismo.-Whatever you want. It's all the same to me.

The imperfect tense talks about past events. It tells what one used to do, how things used to be, or what happened in general.-De niño, me gustaban los deportes.-De niño, jugaba al fútbol.-De niño, me chocaba esgrima.

You can also use the "ir a + infinitive" along with the imperfect to say what someone was going to do.-Iba a cocinar, pero no tenía comida.-Iba a hacer mi tarea, pero me la olvidaba.-Iba a jugar béisbol, pero me deja frío.

To form a nosotros command, one must go in the yo form of a verb, drop the "o", and add the correct ending:-Ar: -emos-Er/ir verbs: -amosThere is one irregular nosotros command:Ir-vayamosYou have to change the endings of -car, -gar, and -zar verbs to -que, -gue, and -ce, respectively.-No hamblemos con el director.-Practiquemos el karate.-Vayamos al cine.

To say what someone was going to do use ir a + infinitive in the imperfect. Follow Ir a + infinitive with a verb in the preterite when the second verb refers to a completed action or condition. Follow ir a + infinitive with a verb in the imperfect, when the second verb refers to an ongoing start or condition in the past. Imperfect:Iba a ir al cine, pero tenīamos mucho tarea. Iba a hacer senderismo, pero sentīa muy cansado. Nosotros ībamos a descansar, pero tenīamos a limpiar el baňo. Preterite:Mi amiga iba a correr, pero se rompīo la pierna. Mi hermano iba a jugar naipes, pero se enfermō. Mis padres iban a salir pero olvidaron los llaves.

Nosotros Commands To suggest a group of people do something, use nosotros commands by conjuagating the verb in the nosotros form in the present subjunctive.Object and reflexive pronouns are attached to the end of the word in an affirmative command, but when there is a negative command, the pronoun goes in between the no and the verb. Invetemos a los estudiantes a participar. Jueguemos jai-alai en el parque. No seamos maleducados. No nos olvidemos de darle las gracias al director. Hagāmosla el viernes. Verbs ending in car, gar, zar have spelling changes. The c is changed to qu, the z is changed to c, and the g is changed to gu. Tocar – toquemos Llegar – lleguemos Organizar – organicemosIrregular nosotros commands: dar- demos, ser – seamos. Ir in an affirmitive command is vamos, however ir in a negative command is vayamos. Vāmonos – Let’s go, No nos vayamos – let’s not go.

We also learned to invite people to places, and how we accept or reject the invitation.

-¿Te gustaría ir al cine? Yo te invito.Would you like to go to the movies, I'm buying.-No vayamos al norte.Let's not go to the north.** Responses** -No, gracias. Iba a ir al lagoNO thanks, I was going to go to the lack.-Como quieras. Me da lo mismo.How ever you like. It's all the same to me.