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1879.] MR. W. A. FORBES ON THE AFRICAN ELEPHANT. 431 and thick elastic folds, 2| inches long. The false vocal cords hardly exist. Between the two is a slight laryngeal pouch, which extends backwards a little way, as in tbe Indian Elephant (Miall and Greenwood, I. c. p. 76). The muscles of the larynx closely agree with those described by the last-named anatomists. The superior Larynx of African Elephant (about half nat. size) viewed somewhat obliquely from behind. The thyroid cartilage has been removed, a, points to the double facet of the crico-thyroid ariculation. fibres of the crico-arytcenoideus posticus run transversely across in the interval left above by the more inferior, diverging fibres of that muscle. Urino-genital System.-The kidneys lie in the usual position. Their shape is an irregular oval. The following details refer to the single kidney (right) which I preserved for further examination. The length is 10 inches, the breadth about 6. The hilus is not mar­ginal, but lies about 1 inch from the side ; its length is 4| inches. The weight of the kidney is 3 lb. The kidney is indistinctly divided into eight lobes, which are of varying size and shape ; one lobe is scarcely visible on the hilar surface. These lobes are essentially di­stinct, each consisting of a cortical and medullary part, not, however, very clearly marked off from each other. The Malpighian corpus­cles are clearly visible. Perrault's figure of the kidney (I. c. pi. 20) is too elongated and shows no lobes. The number of lobes in the kidney of E. indicus has been variously stated at from two to eight or nine. The suprarenal bodies resemble those of the Indian species. The ureters open into the bladder by semilunar slits about 2 inches from its orifice. The neck of the bladder is short and thick. The female organs are formed on precisely the same type as those of the Indian species1, consisting of a long urino-genital passage ("the common vagina, which is common to the urine and penis " of Hunter), 1 Cf. Hunter, 'Observations,' &c. ii. p. 175; Mayer, I. c. p. 37, t. vi.; Owen, Anat. Vert. iii. p. 692; Miall and Greenwood, /. c. p. 62. pi. iv.