Human Cognitive Processing

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The ability to pay attention to, or carry out, two or more different tasks simultaneously is known as

divided attention

In Schneider and Shiffrin's experiment, in which participants were asked to indicate whether a target stimulus was present in a series of rapidly presented "frames," divided attention was easier

in the consistent-mapping condition

The Stroop effect demonstrates

how automatic processing can interfere with intended processing

With the STroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when

the color and the name differed

Controlled processing involves

close attention

Research on the use of cell phones while driving indicates that

the main effect of cell phone use on driving safety can be attributed to the fact that attention is used up by the cognitive task of talking on the phone

Strayer and Johnston's experiment involving simulated driving and the use of "hands-free" vs. "handheld" cell phones found that

driving performance was impaired less with the hands-free phones than with the handheld phones

In Simons and Chabris' "change blindness" experiment, participants watch a film of people playing basketball. Many participants failed to report that a woman carrying an umbrella walked through because

participants were counting the number of ball passes

Automatic attraction of attention by a sudden visual or auditory stimulus is called

exogenous attention

A bottom-up process is involved in fixating on an area of a scene that

has high stimulus salience

Scene schema is

knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene

Amy has no idea what she just read in her text because she was thinking about how hungry she is and what she is going to have for dinner. This is a real-world example of

innatentional blindness

Location-based attention is when

people move their attention from one place to another

According to Treisman's feature integration theory, the first stage of perception is called the ______ stage.

preattentive

In Klin and coworkers' research that investigated autistic reactions to the film Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, autistic people primarily attended to ____ in the scene.

objects

According to your text, students often overlook functions of memory they take for granted such as

labeling familiar objects

The three structural components of the modal model of memory are

sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

Information remains in sensory memory for

seconds or a fraction of a second

When light from a flashlight is moved quickly back and forth on a wall in a darkened room, it can appear to observers that there is a trail of light moving across the wall, even though physically the light is only in one place at any given time. This experience is an effect of memory that occurs because of

persistence of vision

Compared to the whole-report technique, the partial-report procedure involves

a smaller response set

Brief sensory memory for sound is known as

echoic memory

Sensory memory is believed by many cognitive psychologists to be responsible for all of the following EXCEPT

deciding which incoming sensory information will be the focus of attention