Adeyo O O Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, - - 2012

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is produced by parenchymal cells, mainly adipocytes and myocytes, but is involved in hydrolysing triglycerides in plasma lipoproteins at the capillary lumen. For decades, the mechanism by which LPL reaches its site of action in capillaries was unclear, but this mystery was recently solved. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding ...

RNA interference (RNAi) has been a landmark discovery in science. A typical application is to knock down the expression of endogenous genes by delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) into cells triggering the degradation of complementary mRNA. However, RNAi can also be exploited the other way round: making use of the ...

Roy Daniel C DC Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, - - 2013

Tissue engineering seeks to create functional tissues and organs by integrating natural or synthetic scaffolds with bioactive factors and cells. Creating biologically active scaffolds that support key aspects of tissue regeneration, including the re-establishment of a functional extracellular matrix (ECM), is a challenge currently facing this field. During tissue repair, ...

Delivery system research to identify how best to organize, finance, and implement health improvement strategies has focused heavily on clinical practice settings, with relatively little attention paid to public health settings-where research is made more difficult by wide heterogeneity in settings and limited sources of existing data and measures. This ...

Hong Peng P Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center,New York, New York, - - 2012

The native capacity of adult skeletal muscles to regenerate is vital to the recovery from physical injuries and dystrophic diseases. Currently, the development of therapeutic interventions has been hindered by the complex regulatory network underlying the process of muscle regeneration. Using a mouse model of skeletal muscle regeneration after injury, ...

T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factors are the major end point mediators of Wnt/Wingless signaling throughout metazoans. TCF/LEFs are multifunctional proteins that use their sequence-specific DNA-binding and context-dependent interactions to specify which genes will be regulated by Wnts. Much of the work to define their actions has focused on ...

Identification of single gene mutations that lead to inherited forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has provided strong impetus for the use of animal models to study normal functions of these "PD genes" and the cellular defects that occur in the presence of pathogenic PD mutations. Drosophila has emerged as an ...

Traumatic injury is a common cause of coagulopathy, primarily due to blood loss and hemodilution secondary to fluid resuscitation. Traumatic injury-associated coagulopathy often follows a course of transition from hyper- to hypocoagulable state exemplified in disseminated intravascular coagulation. The incidence of coagulopathy is significantly higher in patients with traumatic brain ...

Abstract Purpose: The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of gamma radiation on lettuce growth and development, as well as on the content of photosynthetic pigments in 28 days lettuce leaf. Lettuce dry seeds were exposed to a (60)Co [Cobalt-60] gamma source at doses ranging from 2-70 ...

The neurogenic niche within the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus is a source of new neurons throughout life. Interestingly, SGZ proliferative capacity is regulated by both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. One outstanding question involves the molecular mechanisms that regulate both basal and inducible adult neurogenesis. Here, we examined ...

Alcohol is an established carcinogen but not an established risk factor for prostate cancer, despite some recent prospective studies suggesting increased risk among heavy drinkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of alcohol on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and prostate cancer risk. Two thousand four hundred ...

Insulin sensitivity deteriorates with age, but mechanisms remain unclear. Age-related changes in the function of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) are less characterized than those in visceral WAT. We hypothesized that metabolic alterations in sWAT, which in contrast to epididymal WAT, harbors a subpopulation of energy-dissipating UCP1+ brown adipocytes, promote ...

Chloroperoxidase, the most versatile heme protein, has a hybrid active site pocket that shares structural features with peroxidases and cytochrome P450s. The simulation studies presented here show that the enzyme possesses a remarkable ability to efficiently utilize its hybrid structure, assuming structurally different peroxidase-like and P450-like distal pocket faces and ...

Abstract Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the electrophysiological, biochemical and ultrastructural changes on the rat sciatic nerve after radiotherapy. Thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups as: Control group (n = 10), Group I: 3 months after radiotherapy (n = 10), and ...

We explored the inhibition mode of group IIA secreted phospholipase A(2) (GIIA sPLA(2)) selective inhibitors and tested their ability to inhibit GIIA sPLA(2) activity as chemical conjugates with hyaluronic acid (HA). Analogues of a benzo-fused indole sPLA(2) inhibitor were developed in which the carboxylate group on the inhibitor scaffold, which ...

Cooperativity, multisite, and multicomponent interactions are hallmarks of biological systems of interacting macromolecules. Their thermodynamic characterization is often very challenging due to the notoriously low information content of binding isotherms. We introduce a strategy for the global multimethod analysis of data from multiple techniques (GMMA) that exploits enhanced information content ...

In a fraction of patients aged ≥90 years, less-invasive transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been considered a therapeutic option for aortic stenosis under careful clinical screening. However, the safety and effectiveness using TAVI in such a population has not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was ...

Processing of Aβ-precursor protein (APP) plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. The APP intracellular domain contains residues important in regulating APP function and processing, in particular the 682YENPTY687 motif. To dissect the functions of this sequence in vivo, we created an APP knock-in allele mutating Y682 to ...

β-adrenoceptors are the common pharmacological targets for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and asthma. Genetic modifications of β-adrenergic system in engineered mice affect their lifespan. Here, we tested whether genes encoding for key components of the β-adrenergic signaling pathway are associated with human longevity. We performed a 10-year follow-up study ...

siRNA treatment has great promise to specifically control gene expression and select cell behaviors but has delivery challenges limiting its use. Particularly for applications in regenerative medicine, uniform and consistent delivery of siRNA to control gene expression and subsequent stem cell functions, such as differentiation, is paramount. Therefore, a diblock ...

Several techniques have been developed to reduce ischemic-reperfusion injury. A novel method is the remote ischemic perconditioning, applied parallel with target organ ischemia. The aim of the study was to determine the extent of liver ischemic-reperfusion injury via the application of this novel method. Male Wistar rats (n = 30, ...

KaiA protein that stimulates KaiC phosphorylation in the cyanobacterial circadian clock was recently shown to be destabilized by dibromothymoquinone (DBMIB), thus revealing KaiA as a sensor of the plastoquinone (PQ) redox state and suggesting an indirect control of the clock by light through PQ redox changes. Here we show using ...

Recent advances in peptide-based (bottom-up) quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics have opened unprecedented opportunities for extensive investigation of cellular proteomes and their dynamics. Here we discuss two approaches currently used to investigate the global dynamics of phosphorylation based on the isolation of phosphorylated proteins or peptides. We evaluate the accuracy of ...

We present a novel approach to tackle the most common drawback of using surface plasmon resonance for analyte screening in complex biological matrices - the nonspecific binding to the sensor chip surface. By using a perforated membrane supported by a polymeric gel structure at the evanescent wave penetration depth, we ...

As loss of KIT frequently occurs in melanoma progression, we hypothesized that KIT is implicated in predisposition to melanoma (MM). Thus, we sequenced the KIT coding region in 112 familial MM cases and 143 matched controls and genotyped Tag SNPs in 2 cohorts of melanoma patients and matched controls. Five ...

Photosensitivity to UVB is a prominent feature of a small number of congenital skin disorders. In addition UVB may also contribute to the action spectrum of a number of acquired photosensitivity syndromes. The gene mutations underlying the genetically inherited disorders have largely been identified and have provided insights into DNA ...

The angiographic evidence of normal coronary arteries or moderate coronary artery disease is a relatively common finding in patients with a history of angina, with a higher prevalence in females. This condition is not a single pathological entity, but comprises several different presentations, such as cardiac syndrome X, vasospastic angina, ...

Respiratory problem is one of the major health hazards in dust-exposed workers; it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. To determine the prevalence of respiratory problems and lung function impairment among quarry workers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Respiratory problems and lung function were studied ...

Multilevel (or modular) societies are a distinct type of primate social system whose key features are single-male-multifemale, core units nested within larger social bands. They are not equivalent to fission-fusion societies, with the latter referring to routine variability in associations, either on an individual or subunit level. The purpose of ...

Can speciation occur in a single population when different types of resources are available, in the absence of any geographical isolation, or any spatial or temporal variation in selection? The controversial topics of sympatric speciation and ecological speciation have already stimulated many theoretical studies, most of them agreeing on the ...

Contemporary pathological and molecular analysis depends on high quality human biospecimens.Poor biospecimen quality may compromise such analyses and the resultant inaccurate data published in scientific papers may be contribute to low reproducibility in the biomedical literature and adversely impact clinical translation.Editors of research journals play a key role to improve ...

Aims and objective. To measure and explore between 2007-2010 measure and explore the nature of family resilience in the context of families with a member with chronic pain. Background. Chronic pain impacts on the entire family. The literature suggests that it is possible to strengthen resilience in individuals with chronic ...

Context.-Elevated potassium concentrations due to in vitro hemolysis can lead to errors in diagnoses and treatment. Recently, we observed that potassium elevation in capillary samples appeared higher than expected, based on hemolytic index (H-index). Objective.-To investigate the relation between potassium increase and H-index for capillary samples. As a control, the ...

Background:Most of mediastinal tumors are benign cysts and neoplasms. Resection is indicated for cystic lesions because of possibility of malignancy, compression symptom and possible rupture in future. However careful observation might be appropriate for asymptomatic tumors without risk of malignancy. Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is increasingly performed, its indication ...

This article focuses on the use of intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy for the treatment of peritoneal dissemination from appendiceal primary tumors. The first part of the article details patient selection criteria used at the Wake Forest University School of Medicine and the use of preoperative imaging and endoscopic evaluation in the ...

Objectives. Domestic contamination with mold, cockroaches, rodents, and dust worsens asthma severity. This violates warranty of habitability laws in most of the states, but patients often find it beyond their means to remedy their housing situation. We aimed to study the effect of a medical-legal collaborative intervention to force landlords ...

BACKGROUND: Pre-eclampsia rates are reported to vary by ethnicity; however, few studies include body mass index (BMI). Increasing BMI has a dose-dependent relationship with pre-eclampsia, and rates of overweight and obesity as well as ratios of body fat to muscle mass differ between ethnicities. We hypothesised that after adjusting for ...

Purpose: To develop a transdisciplinary conceptualization of social belonging that could be used to guide measurement approaches aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of community-based programs for people with disabilities. Method: We conducted a narrative, scoping review of peer reviewed English language literature published between 1990 and July 2011 using multiple ...

The electrical conductivities of cathode films on a solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte can be determined quantitatively by in situ infrared spectroscopy over the wide range of temperatures and partial oxygen pressures. This method allows measurement of the electrical conductivity of an electrode film on the electrolyte excluding leakage current ...

The Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program (MHNIP) was established across Australia during 2007. Under the guidelines for the program, mental health nurses work in partnership with general practitioners (GPs) to assist in the assessment and treatment of those with more severe mental health problems. This paper provides insights, from the ...

Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is present in humans in both the reduced (ubiquinol, CoQ(10)H(2)) and oxidized (ubiquinone, CoQ(10)) forms. CoQ(10) is an essential cofactor in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and is necessary for ATP production. Total, reduced and oxidized CoQ(10) levels in skeletal muscle of 148 children were determined by HPLC coupled ...