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Summary

Known for the extremely student-friendly, jargon-free style of the two books from which it was made, the new American and Texas Government: Policy and Politicsintroduces the essentials of American and Texas government in a way that any student can understand. Neal Tannahillrs"sAmerican GovernmentandTexas Governmentare offered together in one comprehensive and accessible text. This new version features the same public policy emphasis that shows students the impact that government has on their lives, and offers the wealth of useful study aids and exercises to engage students in the course material and encourage them to become active participants in their government. This new edition is published as a Longman Study Edition and therefore contains a battery of chapter tests for student study and practice. It also offers the latest coverage of issues in both American and Texas government, including the results of the 2008 elections, immigration reform, and the challenge posed by nuclear programs in Iran and North Korea.

Table of Contents

To the Instructor

p. xvii

To the Student

p. xxiii

American Government

Introduction Government, Politics, and the Policymaking Process

p. 1

Learning Outcomes

p. 1

The Importance of Government

p. 2

Government and Politics

p. 3

The Public Policy Approach

p. 5

Getting Involved: Government and You

p. 9

A Changing America in a Changing World

p. 13

Learning Outcomes

p. 13

Political Culture

p. 15

The International Environment

p. 17

The Demographic Environment

p. 18

Global Perspective: Immigration Policy and Politics in France

p. 22

The Economic Environment

p. 23

Conclusion: The Cultural, International, and Socioeconomic Context for Policymaking

p. 27

Getting Involved: A Changing Nation, Changing Communities

p. 28

The American Constitution

p. 33

Learning Outcomes

p. 33

The Background of the Constitution

p. 35

Constitutional Principles

p. 40

The Living Constitution

p. 47

Global Perspective: The British Parliamentary System

p. 49

The Constitution, Politics, and Public Policy

p. 52

Conclusion: The Constitutional Environment for Policymaking

p. 54

Getting Involved: Service Learning

p. 55

The Federal System

p. 59

Learning Outcomes

p. 59

The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

p. 61

Federal Grant Programs

p. 70

Global Perspective: Education Policy and Federalism in Germany

p. 73

Conclusion: Federalism and Public Policy

p. 75

Getting Involved: Federal Programs and You

p. 77

Public Opinion

p. 81

Learning Outcomes

p. 81

Political Socialization

p. 83

Measuring Public Opinion

p. 89

Political Knowledge

p. 94

Support for Democratic Principles

p. 95

Global Perspective: Civil Unions in Denmark

p. 98

Political Trust and Political Legitimacy

p. 99

Political Efficacy

p. 99

Political Philosophy

p. 100

Conclusion: Public Opinion and Public Policy

p. 106

Getting Involved: Family Politics

p. 107

Political Participation

p. 113

Learning Outcomes

p. 113

Forms of Participation

p. 114

Explaining Participation

p. 116

Patterns of Participation

p. 117

Nonvoters

p. 120

Trends in Voter Turnout

p. 121

Participation Rates in Comparative Perspective

p. 121

Increasing Voter Turnout

p. 123

Global Perspective: Compulsory Voting in Australia

p. 124

Participation Bias

p. 125

Conclusion: Political Participation and Public Policy

p. 127

Getting Involved: Registering to Vote

p. 128

The Media

p. 133

Learning Outcomes

p. 133

The Media Landscape

p. 135

Global Perspective: Government Control of the Media in Cuba

p. 137

Government Regulation of the News Media

p. 137

Covering the News

p. 141

Media Biases

p. 144

Conclusion: The Media and Public Policy

p. 145

Getting Involved: Favorite News and Information Links

p. 146

Interest Groups

p. 149

Learning Outcomes

p. 149

Why People Join Groups

p. 151

Types of Interest Groups

p. 152

Global Perspective: Church and State in Mexico

p. 156

Interest Group Tactics

p. 160

Getting Involved: Participating in a Student Group

p. 167

The Strength of Interest Groups

p. 168

Conclusion: Interest Groups and Public Policy

p. 170

Political Parties

p. 175

Learning Outcomes

p. 175

The Party System

p. 176

Global Perspective: The Israeli Party System

p. 178

Party Organization

p. 179

Political Cycles and Party Realignment

p. 182

The Party Balance: Democrats, Republicans, and Independents

p. 183

Voting Patterns

p. 184

Issues Orientation

p. 189

Divided Government

p. 192

Conclusion: Political Parties and Public Policy

p. 195

Getting Involved: Party Politics at the Grassroots

p. 196

Elections

p. 199

Learning Outcomes

p. 199

Types of Elections

p. 200

Election Districts and Redistricting

p. 202

Election Campaigns

p. 206

Congressional Elections

p. 213

Global Perspective: Legislative Elections in Brazil

p. 215

Presidential Elections

p. 216

The Voters Decide

p. 236

Conclusion: Elections and Public Policy

p. 237

Getting Involved: In-Person Politics

p. 238

Congress

p. 245

Learning Outcomes

p. 245

Bicameralism

p. 247

Membership

p. 248

Organization

p. 254

Global Perspective: The Indian Parliament

p. 259

The Legislative Process

p. 261

Getting Involved: Sending E-Mail to Your U.S. Representative

p. 273

Conclusion: Congress and Public Policy

p. 273

The Presidency

p. 277

Learning Outcomes

p. 277

The Constitutional Presidency

p. 279

Presidential Powers

p. 286

Two Presidencies Thesis

p. 293

The Development of the Modern Presidency

p. 293

The Organization of the Presidency

p. 295

Global Perspective: The Russian Presidency

p. 298

Theories of Presidential Leadership

p. 300

Presidential Popularity

p. 304

The Presidency in Context

p. 306

Getting Involved: Why Do They Run?

p. 307

Conclusion: The Presidency and Public Policy

p. 308

The Federal Bureaucracy

p. 313

Learning Outcomes

p. 313

Organization of the Bureaucracy

p. 315

Personnel

p. 321

Rulemaking

p. 324

Politics and Administration

p. 325

Global Perspective: The Egyptian Bureaucracy

p. 330

Subgovernments and Issue Networks

p. 331

Conclusion: The Federal Bureaucracy and Public Policy

p. 333

Getting Involved: Working for Uncle Sam

p. 334

The Federal Courts

p. 339

Learning Outcomes

p. 339

Judicial Policymaking

p. 340

Political History of the Supreme Court

p. 341

The Federal Court System

p. 345

Global Perspective: Islamic Law in Nigeria

p. 356

Power, Politics, and the Courts

p. 360

Conclusion: The Courts and Public Policy

p. 362

Getting Involved: A Day in Court

p. 363

Economic Policymaking

p. 367

Learning Outcomes

p. 367

The Goals of Economic Policy

p. 369

Global Perspective: Healthcare in Canada

p. 373

Tax Revenues

p. 374

Budget Deficits and Surpluses

p. 381

Government Expenditures

p. 383

Fiscal Policymaking

p. 391

Monetary Policymaking

p. 393

Conclusion: Economic Policymaking

p. 393

Getting Involved: Tax Breaks for College Students

p. 397

Civil Liberties Policymaking

p. 401

Learning Outcomes

p. 401

The Constitutional Basis of Civil Liberaties Policymaking

p. 403

Civil Liberties Issues and Policies

p. 405

Global Perspective: Population Policy in China

p. 406

Getting Involved: Talking About Miranda

p. 425

Conclusion: Civil Liberties Policymaking

p. 426

Civil Rights Policymaking

p. 431

Learning Outcomes

p. 431

The Constitutional Basis of Civil Rights Policymaking

p. 432

Civil Rights Issues and Policies

p. 433

Global Perspective: Women's Rights in Saudi Arabia

p. 441

Getting Involved: Voices from the Past

p. 453

Conclusion: Civil Rights Policymaking

p. 453

Foreign and Defense Policymaking

p. 461

Learning Outcomes

p. 461

The International Community

p. 464

The Ends and Means of American Foreign and Defense Policy

p. 466

The History of American Foreign Policy

p. 470

Foreign Policy

p. 478

Defense Policy

p. 480

Global Perspective: Nuclear Weapons in Pakistan

p. 482

Conclusion: Foreign and Defense Policymaking

p. 484

Getting Involved: America in the Eyes of the World

p. 485

Texas Government

The People, Economy, and Political Culture of Texas

p. 493

Learning Outcomes

p. 493

The People of Texas

p. 494

Internet Research: Foreign-Born Residents

p. 498

The Texas Economy

p. 499

Political Culture

p. 504

National Perspective: Legal Prostitution in Nevada

p. 505

Getting Involved: Volunteering

p. 507

Conclusion: The Socioeconomic Context of Policymaking

p. 507

Let's Debate: Is Illegal Immigration Good or Bad for Texas?

p. 508

The Texas Constitution

p. 513

Learning Outcomes

p. 513

State Constitutions

p. 515

Getting Involved: Joining a Student Club or Organization

p. 516

Background of the Texas Constitution

p. 518

Constitutional Convention of 1875

p. 520

Overview of the Texas Constitution

p. 522

Internet Research: The Freedom of Worship Provision of the Texas Constitution

p. 523

Constitutional Change

p. 524

National Perspective: Gay Marriage in Massachusetts

p. 530

Individual Rights and the Texas Constitution

p. 531

Conclusion: The Constitutional Context of Policymaking in Texas

p. 532

Let's Debate: Gay Marriage

p. 533

The Federal Context of Texas Policymaking

p. 537

Learning Outcomes

p. 537

Role of the States in the Federal System

p. 538

National Perspective: Drilling for Oil in Alaska

p. 540

States, the Courts, and the Constitution

p. 541

Prison Overcrowding

p. 542

Getting Involved: Contacting Your Representative in Washington, DC

p. 543

States and Federal Law

p. 544

Federal Grant Programs

p. 547

Conclusion: The Federal System and the Policy Process

p. 553

Internet Research: Profile of a Grant

p. 554

Let's Debate: Does Texas Law Restrict Access to Abortion Too Much or Not Enough?

p. 555

Political Participation in Texas

p. 559

Learning Outcomes

p. 559

Voting Rights and Minority Participation

p. 560

Participation in Texas Politics

p. 564

National Perspective: Mail Voting in Oregon

p. 569

Internet Research: Tracking Election Turnout

p. 573

Conclusion: Participation and Policymaking

p. 574

Getting Involved: Become a Volunteer Deputy Voter Registrar

p. 576

Let's Debate: Would the Adoption of the Initiative Process Enhance the Quality of Democracy in the State?

p. 577

Interest Groups in Texas

p. 581

Learning Outcomes

p. 581

Interest Groups in Texas Politics

p. 583

Internet Research: Profile of an Interest Group

p. 588

Getting Involved: Joining a Group

p. 591

Interest Group Tactics

p. 593

National Perspective: Campaign Contribution Limits in Minnesota

p. 596

Conclusion: Interest Groups and Policymaking

p. 599

Let's Debate: Would Public Funding of Elections Enhance the Quality of Democracy in the State?

p. 603

Political Parties in Texas

p. 607

Learning Outcomes

p. 607

The Party System

p. 608

National Perspective: Minor Parties in New York

p. 609

Party Organization

p. 610

History of the Texas Party System

p. 613

Internet Research: Political Parties in Texas

p. 614

The Party Balance

p. 617

Voting Patterns

p. 619

Interest Group-Political Party Alliances

p. 620

Issue Orientation

p. 621

The Impact of Partisan Change

p. 625

Getting Involved: Volunteer to Support Your Political Party

p. 626

The Future of Party Politics in Texas

p. 627

Conclusion: Political Parties and Policymaking

p. 629

Let's Debate: Do Religious Conservatives Have Too Much Influence in the Texas Republican Party?

p. 630

Texas Elections

p. 633

Learning Outcomes

p. 633

The Long Ballot

p. 635

Types of Elections

p. 636

National Perspective: The Open Primary in Louisiana

p. 641

Election Districts

p. 643

Redistricting

p. 643

Internet Research: Legislative Districts and State House Elections

p. 650

Money

p. 651

Campaigns

p. 654

The Voters Decide

p. 656

Getting Involved: Campaigning

p. 659

Conclusion: Elections and Policymaking

p. 659

Let's Debate: Should a Nonpartisan Commission, Rather Than the Legislature, Draw Legislative District Boundaries?

p. 661

The Texas Legislature

p. 665

Learning Outcomes

p. 665

Structure

p. 667

Membership

p. 671

National Perspective: Repealing Term Limits in Idaho

p. 675

Organization

p. 676

The Legislative Process

p. 679

Internet Research: Tracking Legislation Online

p. 684

Legislative Policymaking

p. 685

Getting Involved: Contacting Your State Legislators

p. 690

Conclusion: The Legislature and the Policymaking Process

p. 690

Let's Debate: Should the Texas Legislature Meet in Regular Session Every Year?

p. 692

The Executive Branch in Texas

p. 695

Learning Outcomes

p. 695

The Governor

p. 697

Getting Involved: Forming a Study Group

p. 699

The Executive Bureaucracy

p. 709

Internet Research: Profile of a State Agency

p. 713

National Perspective: California Addresses Global Warming

p. 718

Administrative Oversight

p. 720

Conclusion: The Executive Branch and the Policymaking Process

p. 722

Let's Debate: Should Texas Have a Cabinet System Rather Than the Plural Executive?