Now that healthcare reform is the law of the land, it’s time to think about how it will affect your taxes. Whether your income is high, low or in-between, everyone will be affected in some way. Here’s a year-by-year breakdown of what’s on the horizon and details about how the new law may change the amount of tax you pay.

With the Supreme Court’s ruling on the new Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (a.k.a. Affordable Care Act or Obamacare), you may be wondering how you’ll be affected.

While there are some tax implications of the new law, there’s no need to panic. The revisions are gradual and stretch out over 10 years. You’ll have plenty of time to adjust to them.

Some changes to tax credits and medical accounts went into effect in 2010 and 2011. But you won’t see major changes until 2013 and 2014.

Here’s a year-by-year breakdown of what’s on the horizon.

2010$250 prescription drug rebate: This rebate addresses the gap in drug coverage for people on Medicare.

The tanning tax: The legislation imposes a 10% tax on individuals who use ultraviolet indoor tanning services. The tax was levied beginning July 1, 2010.

2011

Limit on tax-free medical accounts: You are no longer able to use your flexible spending account (FSA) to buy over-the-counter drugs like ibuprofen. Prescription drugs are still covered.
Stiffer fines for abuse of Health Savings Accounts (HSAs): Penalties for using your HSA to buy non-qualified products increase. They climbed from 10% to 15% to 20%, giving you added motivation not to purchase a laptop or furniture with your HSA.

2013

This is an important year for joint filers with incomes over $250,000 and single filers with incomes over $200,000. These taxpayers will now be subject to two taxes:

Medicare tax on earned income: The tax will increase from 1.45% to 2.35%, but only on income beyond the $200,000/$250,000 thresholds.

Medicare tax on investment income: This new 3.8% tax will be assessed on interest, dividends, capital gains, rent and royalty income. Investment income from retirement accounts is not subject to the tax.

Taxpayers at any income level could be subject to these changes:

Cap on flexible spending account (FSA) contributions: Previously, employers could set the limit on contributions to FSAs. Many opted for caps as high as $5,000. In 2013, a cap of $2,500 goes into effect. Anything above the cap becomes part of your taxable income. The cap will rise each year as the cost-of-living increases.

New limits on medical deductions: Current law allows filers who itemize their deductions to deduct out-of-pocket medical expenses that exceed 7.5% of their income. In 2013, expenses must exceed 10% for filers under age 65. (If you’re over 65, the law goes into effect in 2016.)

2014

The year 2014 is a watershed for the healthcare reform law. This is when the major changes to your healthcare plan will begin. At this time, all Americans will be required to maintain health insurance. (Exceptions include Native Americans, prisoners and illegal immigrants.)

If you are not covered by an employer plan, or by Medicare or Medicaid, you’ll have to purchase your own coverage from a market exchange.

The IRS is responsible for monitoring whether people comply with the new laws. They’ll do this by requiring you to report the value of your health plan on your tax return. If you don’t have coverage, a penalty will be assessed.

Here are the details:

Something new on Form W-2: Starting in 2014, you’ll see a new number on your W-2 form. This is how employers will report the value of your health plan to the IRS. This key figure will determine whether you’re eligible for tax credits or liable for tax penalties.

Health plans are not income: Even though the value of your plan is reported on your W-2, it’s not taxable. So you don’t need to report it as income on your tax return.

Penalties for those without medical coverage: The penalty starts at $95 or 1% of income (whichever is greater) per person in 2014. It gradually rises until it hits 2.5% or $695 (whichever is greater) per person by 2016.
Tax credits for low-income filers: If you can’t afford health insurance, you may be eligible for tax credits to help you pay the cost of coverage if you earn between 133% and 400% of the federal poverty level. Based on the current poverty level of $10,830 per year for singles and $22,050 per year for a family of four, assistance would be available for singles with income between $14,404 and $43,320 and families with income between $29,327 and $88,200.

More changes coming
These changes take taxpayers through the first four years of healthcare reform. More are coming down the road.