3 ARTICLES DEFINITE ARTICLES THE + singular EX: The girl in blue is my sister THE + plural Ex: The boys on the car are my friends INDEFINITE ARTICLES We use the INDEFINITE ARTICLES ONLY with SINGULAR nouns. A + consonant (singular) Ex. There is a cat in the garden AN + vowel (singular) Ex. There is an old cat in the garden We can t use the INDEFINITE ARTICLES with the plural Ex. There is an old book on the table (singular) There are old books on the tables. (plural) 3

6 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES Personal pronouns SUBJECT I Possessive adjectives MY R HE HIS SHE HER IT ITS WE OUR R THEY THEIR 6

7 To BE Simple present AFFIRMATIVE form FULL form SHORT form singular I AM I M ARE RE HE IS HE S SHE IS SHE S IT IS IT S plural WE ARE WE RE ARE RE THEY ARE THEY RE 7

8 To BE Simple present INTERROGATIVE form singular AM I? ARE? IS HE? IS SHE? IS IT? plural ARE WE? ARE? ARE THEY? 8

9 To BE Simple present SHORT ANSWERS Affirmative form Yes, I AM singular Negative form No, I M NOT Yes, ARE No, AREN T Yes, HE IS No, HE ISN T Yes, IT IS Yes, WE ARE plural No, IT ISN T No, WE AREN T Yes, ARE No, AREN T Yes, THEY ARE No, THEY AREN T We can t use the affirmative short answers in the CONTRACT form. 9

10 To BE Simple present NEGATIVE form FULL form SHORT form singular I AM NOT I M NOT ARE NOT AREN T HE IS NOT HE ISN T SHE IS NOT SHE ISN T IT IS NOT IT ISN T plural WE ARE NOT WE AREN T ARE NOT AREN T THEY ARE NOT THEY AREN T 10

11 Singular form THERE IS THERE ISN T IS THERE? Ex: There is a cat in the garden. There isn t a cat in the garden. Is there a cat in the garden? Plural form THERE ARE THERE AREN T ARE THERE? Ex: There are three cats in the garden There aren t three cats in the garden Are there three cats in the garden? 11

12 I HE SHE IT WE THEY CAN AFFIRMATIVE form CAN PLAY I HE SHE IT WE THEY NEGATIVE form CAN T PLAY CAN INTERROGATIVE form I HE SHE IT WE THEY PLAY? 12

13 I HE SHE IT WE THEY MUST AFFIRMATIVE form MUST PLAY I HE SHE IT WE THEY NEGATIVE form MUSTN T PLAY MUST INTERROGATIVE form I HE SHE IT WE THEY PLAY? 13

17 SIMPLE PRESENT INTERROGATIVE form Example: to COME AUXILIARY SUBJECT VERB without TO DO I WE THEY COME? 3rd person SINGULAR AUXILIARY SUBJECT VERB without TO DOES HE SHE IT COME? 17

18 SIMPLE PRESENT SHORT ANSWERS DO DRINK COFFEE? YES, I DO NO, I DON T DOES PAUL PLAY TENNIS? YES, HE DOES NO, HE DOESN T DO AND MARY SMOKE? YES, WE DO NO, WE DON T 18

19 SIMPLE PRESENT NEGATIVE form Example: to COME SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB without TO I WE THEY DON T COME 3rd person SINGULAR SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB without TO HE SHE IT DOESN T COME 19

20 PRESENT CONTINUOUS AFFIRMATIVE form I AM ARE HE IS SHE IT IS IS GOING WE ARE ARE THEY ARE 20

21 PRESENT CONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVE form AUXILIARY SUBJECT VERB -ING form AM I GOING? ARE GOING? IS HE GOING? IS SHE GOING? IS IT GOING? ARE WE GOING? ARE GOING? ARE THEY GOING? SHORT ANSWER Ex: ARE GOING HOME? YES, I AM NO, I M NOT 21

23 INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS SOME SOME + plural nouns + UNCOUNTABLE nouns (ex: butter, bread, ) AFFIRMATIVE form Ex: There are SOME potatoes on the table. There is SOME butter in the fridge OFFERS Ex: Would you like SOME coffee? Would you like SOME biscuits? REQUESTS Ex: Can I have SOME water, please? Why don t you buy me SOME ice cream? 23

24 INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS ANY ANY + plural nouns + UNCOUNTABLE nouns (ex: butter, bread, )ormo INTERROGATIVE form Ex: Are there ANY potatoes left? Is there ANY butter in the fridge? Ex: There aren t ANY potatoes left There isn t ANY butter in the fridge. NO NOT.. ANY We use NO instead of NOT..ANY in the NEGATIVE sentence but the verb of the sentence is POSITIVE Ex: There isn T ANY coffee left There is NO coffee left 24

25 PERSONAL PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE SUBJECTS OBJECTS ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS I ME MY MINE R RS HE HIM HIS HIS SHE HER HER HERS IT IT ITS WE US OUR OURS R RS THEY THEM THEIR THEIRS 25

26 MOLTO VERY + adjective Ex: That house is VERY tall AFFIRMATIVE form A LOT OF LOTS OF + UNCOUNTABLE + PLURAL nouns Ex: Bees produce A LOT OF honey There are A LOT OF new houses in this city INTERROGATIVE form MUCH + UNCOUNTABLE Ex: Do bees produce MUCH honey? MANY + PLURAL nouns Ex: Are there MANY cars in the street? NEGATIVE form (the verb in the sentence is negative) MUCH + UNCOUNTABLE Ex: There isn t MUCH honey in the jar on the table MANY + PLURAL nouns Ex: There aren t MANY cars in the street 26

27 UN PO A LITTLE + UNCOUNTABLE + SINGULAR noun Ex: There is A LITTLE bread A FEW + PLURAL nouns Ex: There are A FEW biscuits left. 27

28 To BE Simple past AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE I WAS I WASN T WAS I? WERE WEREN T WERE? HE WAS HE WASN T WAS HE? SHE WAS SHE WASN T WAS SHE? IT WAS IT WASN T WAS IT? WE WERE WE WEREN T WERE WE? WERE WEREN T WERE? THEY WERE THEY WEREN T WERE THEY? 28

29 Simple past REGULAR VERBS AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE I PLAYED I DIDN T PLAY DID I PLAY? PLAYED DIDN T PLAY DID PLAY? HE PLAYED HE DIDN T PLAY DID HE PLAY? SHE PLAYED SHE DIDN T PLAY DID SHE PLAY? IT PLAYED IT DIDN T PLAY DID IT PLAY? WE PLAYED WE DIDN T PLAY DID WE PLAY? PLAYED DIDN T PLAY DID PLAY? THEY PLAYED THEY DIDN T PLAY DID THEY PLAY? 29

30 Simple past IRREGULAR VERBS Ex: GO - WENT - GONE AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE I WENT I DIDN T GO DID I GO? WENT DIDN T GO DID GO? HE WENT HE DIDN T GO DID HE GO? SHE WENT SHE DIDN T GO DID SHE GO? IT WENT IT DIDN T GO DID IT GO? WE WENT WE DIDN T GO DID WE GO? WENT DIDN T GO DID GO? THEY WENT THEY DIDN T GO DID THEY GO? 30

31 PAST CONTINUOUS AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE I WAS GOING I WASN T GOING WAS I GOING? WERE GOING HE WAS DRINKING SHE WAS DRINKING WEREN T GOING HE WASN T DRINKING SHE WASN T DRINKING WERE GOING? WAS HE DRINKING? WAS SHE DRINKING? IT WAS RUNNING IT WASN T RUNNING WAS IT RUNNING? WE WERE TRAVELLING WE WEREN T TRAVELLING WERE WE TRAVELLING? WERE READING WEREN T READING WERE READING? THEY WERE SWIMMING THEY WEREN T SWIMMING WERE THEY SWIMMING? 31

32 SIMPLE FUTURE - WILL AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE I WILL GO I WON T GO WILL I GO? WILL DRINK WON T DRINK WILL DRINK? HE WILL COME HE WON T COME WILL HE COME? SHE WILL SWIM SHE WON T SWIM WILL SHE SWIM? IT WILL RUN IT WON T RUN WILL IT RUN? WE WILL PLAY WE WON T PLAY WILL WE PLAY? WILL DANCE WON T DANCE WILL DANCE? THEY WILL WASH THEY WON T WASH WILL THEY WASH? WILL + NOT = WON T 32

Word level: the parts of speech Nouns A noun is the name of a person, place, thing or idea. Australia is a noun. Fun is a noun. There are many kinds of nouns. The four main ones are: common nouns, proper

The Writing Center Directed Learning Activities Subject-Verb Agreement AmLa and English 67 Student Name: Date: Instructor: Course: IMPORTANT NOTE: All the activities (3) in the DLA must be completed in

e-learning English, Grammar Review, Level 1, A-Z 00000 0 It s important to understand these grammatical concepts: A verb describes an action or state. It usually goes after the subject: Jack works on the

SIMPLE PRESENT Affirmative Negative Interrogative I play. You eat. He reads. She sleeps. It runs. We speak. You work. They study. I don t play. You don t eat. He doesn t read. She doesn t sleep. It doesn

Macmillan Practice Online is the easy way to get all the benefits of online learning and with over 100 courses to choose from, covering all competence levels and ranging from business English to exam practice

Spelling Rule Book Name: Classroom _ Instructor: = Spelling Rules. How many can you count? Dark words and letters are important. Make sure you pay attention to them! What are the vowels? Vowels have long

CLN Televised Courses Nina Beegle, Instructor Lesson 1: Noun Overview Worksheet NOUNS: DEFINITION A NOUN can be a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. EXAMPLES: man, children, store, a dream There are

Articles Definite Article: the Pronunciation(!): the chair, the apple Indefinite Article: a, an a chair, an apple Some special rules of using articles: 1. Names of streets, squares, etc. do not have articles:

Estudios de Asia y Africa Idiomas Modernas I What you should have learnt from Face2Face 1A Question Forms 1.1 Yes-No Questions 1. If the first verb is an auxiliary verb, just move it in front of the Subject:

Nombre: PRESENT CONTINOUS Affirmative Negative Interrogative I am (I m) playing. You are (you re) eating He is (He s) reading. She is (She s) sleeping. It is (It s) running. We are (we re) speaking. You

Using Language Stage Research** and CCEE ELA Language Domain, Standard, to Develop Conventions of Standard English Language Stage CCSS* Supporting Speaking and Writing for Students with Complex Communication

Adjectives Adjectives are describing words - they tell you more about nouns. Nouns are naming words - they are used to name a person, place or thing. Adjectives tell you more about the noun. Using adjectives

PRESENT CONTINUOUS Affirmative Negative Interrogative I am (I m) playing. You are (you re) eating He is (He s) reading. She is (She s) sleeping. It is (It s) running. We are (we re) speaking. You are (you

English Parts of speech Parts of Speech There are eight parts of speech. Here are some of their highlights. Nouns Pronouns Adjectives Articles Verbs Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions Click on any of the

English Appendix 2: Vocabulary, grammar and punctuation The grammar of our first language is learnt naturally and implicitly through interactions with other speakers and from reading. Explicit knowledge

PRESENT CONTINUOUS Affirmative Negative Interrogative I am (I m) playing. You are (you re) eating He is (He s) reading. She is (She s) sleeping. It is (It s) running. We are (we re) speaking. You are (you

University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations Young Learners English Movers Information for Candidates Information for candidates YLE Movers Dear Parent Thank you for encouraging your child to learn English

Morphology Morphology is the study of word formation, of the structure of words. Some observations about words and their structure: 1. some words can be divided into parts which still have meaning 2. many

1. Auxiliary verbs Auxiliary verbs serve grammatical functions, for this reason they are said to belong to the functional category of words. The main auxiliary verbs in English are DO, BE and HAVE. Others,

Macmillan Practice Online is the easy way to get all the benefits of online learning and with over 100 courses to choose from, covering all competence levels and ranging from business English to exam practice

The present perfect verb tense is a little difficult in English it is used in several different ways, and there are lots of rules to remember. This lesson will teach you everything you ever wanted to know

Business English and Conversation for the EFL-ESL Classroom A combination textbook-workbook on Business English, Conversation and Correspondence for students of EFL (English as a Foreign Language) or ESL

5. Singular and Plural Nouns Count Nouns: Most nouns name something you can count; for example, if you buy a bag of peanuts, you can count each peanut in the bag--one peanut, two peanuts, three peanuts,

FLST08-09 Linguistic Foundations Exercise of week 1 of Linguistic Foundations (31.10.2008) Ambiguity Ambiguity is the quality or state of being ambiguous. When a sentence is ambiguous, it has two or more

Sentences: Types, and Common Mistakes Sentences are classified as simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. This designation is based on the clauses used to create the sentence. Clauses: Every clause

The Plural Machine and One or more than One Spelling Game. Produced by Liz Taylor, Advisory Teacher in Suffolk and Stuart Scott. For those of you who have tried out the ing and ed tree the plural machine

CHAPTER 30 Nouns PART A PART B PART C Defining and Signal Words: and Signal Words with Of Part A Defining and Nouns are words that refer to people, places, or things. They can be either singular or plural.

PRONOUNS WHAT IS A PRONOUN? A Pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun. Example: The high school graduate accepted the diploma proudly. She had worked hard for it. The pronoun

English Grammar in Use A reference and practice book for intermediate students of English THIRD EDITION cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo

Word Recognition Background Before children can begin to read they need to understand the relationships between a symbol or a combination of symbols and the sound, or sounds, they represent. The ability

KEY ENGLISH TEST for Schools PAPER 1 Reading and Writing Sample Paper Time 1 hour 10 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so. Write your name, Centre

Exercise 1: Tick (P) the suitable answer. - ENGLISH TEST - 1. My brother... a flat in London. A have B has C haves 2.... you live with your boyfriend? A Do B Does C Is 3. Elizabeth is.... A Philip's wife

University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations Young Learners English Flyers Information for Candidates Information for candidates YLE Flyers Dear Parent Thank you for encouraging your child to learn English

Parts of Speech Skills Team, University of Hull Language comes before grammar, which is only an attempt to describe a language. Knowing the grammar of a language does not mean you can speak or write it

Tense Signal words Use Form affirmative negative interrogative every day sometimes always often usually seldom something happens repeatedly how often something happens one follows another things in general

Advanced Conditionals Explained A conditional is made up of two parts: the if-clause and the main clause. We can put either one first and it doesn t change the meaning. We usually use a comma if we put

> Une dame et un petit garçon regardent tranquillement le paysage. Masculine and feminine nouns How adjectives behave Verbs from the first group Verbs and prepositions French is not so very far from English.

Jessica's English Sentences Dolch K-3 Sentences 1-218 Vocabulary and Grammar By Jessica E. Riggs Students should master at least ten of the sentences per day, ideally, and be able to write them at once

Merced College Prep2Test Workshop Prep2Test The purpose of this presentation is to provide future students a brief review before taking the Merced College Accuplacer test. This presentation is not designed

(including the agreement of nouns & verbs in grammatical number) As we ve seen, nouns are words that represent things. Sometimes, we want to refer to more than one thing a group of things, in fact. Usually,

Chetek-Weyerhaeuser High School Spanish I Units and Spanish IA Unit 1 1. I can recite and use the Spanish alphabet for reading, writing and spelling. 2. I can recall and count in Spanish. 3. I can identify

GRAMMAR AND MECHANICS Understanding Relative Clauses A relative (or adjective) clause modifies a noun or pronoun and is introduced by a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, or that) or occasionally

Name: A) Write a short composition about your daily routine using present simple and frequency adverbs. You can use the previous text ( My Daily Routine )as a model to do your work. A) COMPLETE THE CONVERSATION:

120 Chapter 3 - Growing with Verbs 3.12 Helping Verbs A verb that helps another verb is called a helping verb. It comes before the main verb to tell about the action. John will ride his scooter. She has

Grammar What is a noun? A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing, and abstract idea. What are the two types of nouns? Common Noun A common noun is a noun referring to a person, place,

English Grammar Passive Voice and Other Items In this unit we will finish our look at English grammar. Please be aware that you will have only covered the essential basic grammar that is commonly taught

Chapter 3 Growing with Verbs 77 3.2 Direct Objects A direct object is the noun or pronoun that receives the direct action of a verb. The verb used with a direct object is always an action verb and is called

ENGLISH DIAGNOSTIC TEST Please answer the following questions without spending too long considering your answers. The test multiple choice based and is there for diagnostic purposes to assess your present

Answers Grammar Worksheets Elementary School 1. To be: affirmative, negative, questions A. Complete the sentences with to be 1. I am a girl. 2. My father is at work. 3. Alex and Dino are my cats. 4. Alex

English Grammar: ESL Resources Pg 1 English Language Lesson: Nouns, Pronouns, and Articles Once you know the basics of sentence construction, let s look at the types of words in detail. Remember that there

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 1. Why do we use adjective clauses? to give more information about a noun or noun phrase I saw the movie. ( Which one??? ) to give more specific information about a noun or noun phrase

Magic Tree House #30 A Merlin Mission Haunted Castle on Hallows Eve By Mary Pope Osborne A Book Unit www.bookunitsbyteachers.com Scroll down for free lesson plans for the book The Magic Tree House: Haunted

A test based on the grammar-grade one Choose the correct option for these comparative and superlative adjective sentences. 1. I am my brother. a) taller than b) the tallest 2. She is student in her class.

active and passive Many verbs can be active or passive. For example, bite: The dog bit Ben. (active) Ben was bitten by the dog. (passive) In the active sentence, the subject (the dog) performs the action.

CEFR Level A1 Level A1 is the lowest level of generative language use - the point at which the learner can interact in a simple way, ask and answer simple questions about themselves, where they live, people

Pronouns Their different types and roles Definition and role of pronouns Definition of a pronoun: a pronoun is a word that replaces a noun or noun phrase. If we only used nouns to refer to people, animals

GRAMMAR A. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. My mother LIVES in Paris because she LIKES cities. (live, like) 2. Rudy DOESN T E-MAIL me but he PHONES me every week.

Welcome to the TEACH Trust Grammar and Punctuation Workshop ~ Key Stage 2 Whilst you are waiting, please have a little go at the warm up quiz on your tables..!! 1. What is grammar and punctuation? 2. What