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of tbe
Onitoergitp of Jftortf) Carolina
Collection of jRortij Catoliniana
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BIENNIAL REPORT
OF
THE STATE'S PRISON
RALEIGH, N. C.
I927-I928
RALEIGH
THE STATES PRISON PRINTERY
1928
THE STATE'S PRISON, RALEIGH
This institution was founded by an act of the General 'Assembly, ratified
the 12th day April, A.D., 1869, entitled "AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE
ERECTION OF A PENITENTIARY." Reference is made to the act cited,
and also to the Report of the Commission to erect a Penitentiary, Document
Number 18, Legislative Documents, 1868-70.
The Prison building is a magnificent brick structure, erected upon granite
foundation. The Prison wall is of granite, and is twenty feet in height and
six feet broad at the top, and its base is said to extend sixteen feet below
the surface. The building and wall are estimated to have cost the State
more than a million and a quarter dollars.
The institution is situated about one mile west of the Capitol on the
extension of Morgan street and near Hillsboro road.
The affairs of the Prison are administered by a board of seven directors
appointed by the Governor.
Two farms and fifteen camps are operated. The Caledonia farm in Hali-fax
County for white prisoners contains 6573 acres of which 5250 are under
cultivation. The Camp Polk farm in Wake County for youthful white pris-oners
under twenty years of age contains 2535 acres of which 1100 are in
cultivation.
Founded 1869
Number of inmates 1968
Cash balance $ 273,450.45
Assets $2,617,694.00
Liabilities (bills payable) ft $ 1,696.21
Total acreage ___ 9143
BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE STATE'S PRISON
Jas. A. Leak, Chairman Wadesboro
J. M. Brewer j Wake Forest
B. B. Everett Palmyra
R. M. Chatham Elkin
A. E. White I Lumberton
W. D. LaRoque Kinston
D. C. Barnes Murfreesboro
SUPERINTENDENTS
Name County
W. T. Hicks Wake
Paul F. Faison Wake
A. Leazar Iredell
Jno. R. Smith Wayne
J. M. Mewborne Lenoir
W. H. Day Wake
J. S. Mann Hyde
J. J. Laughinghouse Pitt
J. R. Collie Franklin
E. F. McCuLLOUGH Bladen
Geo. Ross Pou Johnston
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
To His Excellency, A. W. McLean,
Governor of North Carolina.
SIR:
I hand you herewith for your consideration the reports of Mr.
Geo. Ross Pou, Superintendent, Dr. J. H. Norman, Warden-Phy-sician,
Mr. Chester 0. Bell, Auditor and Mr. H. H. Honeycutt,
Deputy Warden and Director of the State Bureau of Identifica-tion.
These reports are largely for the biennium ended June 30,
1928. The reports of the Superintendent and Auditor are for a
two and one-half year period ended December 31, 1928.
The audit reports incorporated in Mr. Bell's report are for the
fiscal years ended June 30, 1927 and June 30, 1928, and for the
calendar years 1927 and 1928, also a review of the four year
period ended December 31, 1928.
The reports disclose a net profit for the four years of $215,-
440.90 after deducting all liabilities and the establishment of a
reserve of $25,000.00 to care for any shrinkage in inventory
values.
From telegraphic reports on file in the office of the Superin-tendent,
it is found that forty-one State Prisons were operated
at a considerable cost to the tax payers. Only seven were re-ported
as self-supporting, North Carolina being one of the seven.
During the past year the net profits of the North Carolina Prison
were exceeded by only one in the United States.
In the past four years the Prison population has increased
728, there being a total of 1,968 prisoners on December 30, 1928.
The successful manner in which the Superintendent has hand-led
the business affairs of the ^Prison and the success with which
he has found employment for the nearly two thousand convicts
has exceeded the expectations of this Board. I attribute his suc-cessful
operation to a large extent to the experience he has
gained and the study he has made of Prisons and prisoners in
this and other States.
Not only has the Prison been operated successfully financially
but much attention has been given to improvement and care of
prisoners under Prison supervision. Many forward steps have
been made with the view of really trying to make of the prisoner
a better man, the most outstanding step being the complete seg-regation
of young prisoners from older ones.
The Prison is now operating two big farms with over 6,500
acres in cultivation. In addition there are at this time fourteen
Prison camps being maintained. There are also several indus-tries
in operation at the Central Prison.
State's Prison
With the tremendous increase in Prison population and in the
duties of the Superintendent there has been no increase in the
personnel of the Superintendent's office. It is very desirable
that the Superintendent be relieved of certain duties and he
should have some additional assistance. This is felt necessary if
the Prison is to be most efficiently handled.
The Board is cognizant of the business acumen displayed by
the Superintendent and desires to commend his humane spirit,
his energy and ability and the loyal manner in which he has
served the interest of the State.
The Board acknowledges its indebtedness to Dr. J. H. Norman,
Warden-Physician, Mr. C. 0. Bell, Auditor, Miss Josephine Rand,
Clerk, Mr. H. H. Honeycutt, Deputy Warden and to other officials
for the very satisfactory manner in which they have conducted
their offices.
It is with pleasure your attention is directed to the fact that
during your Administration as Governor, the State Prison has
cost the tax payers nothing, but on the other hand has earned a
net profit of nearly a quarter million dollars, which is to the
credit of the Prison in the office of the State Treasurer.
Respectfully,
Jas. A. Leak,
Chairman Board of Directors.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT POU
To the Honorable Board of Directors of the North Carolina
State Prison Department
:
Herewith is submitted financial and statistical reports of the
North Carolina State Prison Department for the biennial period
ended June 30th, 1928, all of which are sufficiently comprehensive
as not to require extensive comment.
This Department being engaged very largely in farming it is
deemed wise and necessary to submit to you financial statements
on a calendar year basis, as well as the fiscal years, as such state-ments
more accurately give the outcome of the financial oper-ations
of the Prison Department in its entirety.
In this connection allow me to direct your attention to the
Auditors calendar year statement of profits of the Department
for the four year period I have served as Superintendent under
your direction.
Net operating profits for the State's Prison Department, all
units:
For the Year 1925—$ 18,093.43
For the Year 1926—$ 24,614.84
For the Year 1927—$ 67,898.80
For the Year 1928—$129,833.83
Net operating profits of the State's Prison Department for the
four years total $240,440.90, nearly one quarter million dollars.
During this period the sum of $75,421.31 was paid to prisoners
upon discharge, in accordance with law. If this had not been
required the total profits for the four year period would be
$315,862.21.
Every effort has been put forth to operate the affairs of this
Department on a sound economical business basis. At the same
time I have endeavored to keep before me the general health and
social welfare of the prisoners. I feel the auditors' statements
suffice to tell you to what degree of success the Prison has been
operated from a financial view point. It is felt the demand which
has been created for Prison labor speaks for the discipline and
morale of the prisoners. The medical records bespeak well of
health and sanitary conditions. Conditions in every way have
been bettered.
State's Prison
PURCHASE OF EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
As stated in previous reports, the purchase of equipment and
supplies has been made, when practical, on competitive bid.
RELIGIOUS
Religious services are provided each Sunday at each of the
eighteen points of confinement of State prisoners. In some in-stances
services are also held at night during the week. A New
Testament is provided for each prisoner upon commitment and
he is encouraged to attend the religious services.
HEALTH AND SANITATION
The Prison, in addition to two full time physicians and a drug-gist,
has at its command and on its staff several eminent surgeons
of Raleigh. The health of the prisoners has been extremely good.
The death rate is exceedingly low. Reports of the Prison In-spector,
who represents jointly the State Board of Charities and
Public Welfare and the State Board of Health, evidences the high
sanitary condition of the Central Prison at Raleigh, the Camp
Polk Prison Farm near Method, the Caledonia Prison Farm in
Halifax County and the fifteen road and quarry camps which
have been maintained under the direct supervision of this
Department.
Dr. J. H. Norman, Jr., Warden-Physician, has frequently
visited the eighteen active prison units for the purpose of exam-ining
the prisoners as to health and inspecting the quarters as to
sanitation.
The full-time services of a physician at Caledonia Farm were
found necessary and the services of Dr. B. R. Dodd, who is also
a surgeon and psychiatrist, were obtained. Dr. Dodd is a native
of Wake County.
The part time services of Dr. J. E. Osborne, dental surgeon,
have been found of great help in maintaining the good health
record of the Prison. The arrangement under which Dr. Osborne
has been employed has also proved most economical. Dr. Osborne
has visited frequently all points where State prisoners are in
confinement and performed such dental work as in his opinion,
was for the betterment of the health of the individual prisoner
attended. Dr. W. J. Ward of Weldon cares to a large extent for
dental requirements at Caledonia Farm.
Prisoners found to be suffering from mental derangement are
immediately transferred to one of the Criminal Insane Wards;
the white prisoner to Dix Hill at Raleigh; the colored to the
Hospital for Insane at Goldsboro. A prisoner developing a con-tagious
disease is at once isolated.
DISCIPLINE
More than six years have now elapsed since it has been found
Biennial Report
necessary to resort to "the whipping post", or to flogging for the
purpose of maintaining discipline. It has been found better to
use "brain rather than brawn" in handling prisoners. We have
continued the use of solitary confinement on bread and water as
our most severe form of punishment and have found it most ef-fective.
As a whole, the general morale of the prisoners is good.
Less than ten per cent are classed as incorrigibles, while about 30
per cent are honor grade prisoners in which classification are
several life termers. Taking into consideration the increased
population and number of units, the escapes are lower and recap-tures
higher. One mutiny was handled successfully without in-jury
to either employees or prisoners.
HONOR CAMPS
Six honor camps, three for white prisoners and three for col-ored
prisoners have been operated. These prisoners have earned
in excess of $150,000.00 revenue for the State Prison Depart-ment.
But for the successful extension and operation of the
honor system these prisoners could not have been employed by
the contractors, and in that event the Prison would have been
operated at a financial loss.
Upon their discharge many prisoners in honor camps are given
immediate employment by the contractors for whom they have
worked. Our extension of the honor system has aided greatly
in our efforts toward rehabilitation of the prisoners and as
stated, has materially added to our financial earnings.
EMPLOYMENT AFTER DISCHARGE
One of the greatest services this Department can render is to
"locate" or find employment for the discharged or paroled pris-oner.
Particular attention has been given this during the past
several years and employment for many has been obtained. I
wish to extend through this Board to Judge H. Hoyle Sink,
former Commissioner of Pardons and to Commissioner of Par-dons
Edwin B. Bridges, my appreciation for the attitude as-sumed
by them toward helping find employment for discharged
or paroled prisoners, and also to the Citizens Aid Committee
recently appointed by Commissioner Bridges.
INDUSTRIES AND TRADES
The following industries and trades are engaged in and
taught: General farming, manufacture of fertilizer, electric
welding, brick masonry, general electrical work, carpentry,
painting, general saw milling, ginning, chair weaving, mattress
and pillow making, air and electric drilling, firing, concrete
work, tailoring, fancy work, laundering, cooking, milling ac-countancy,
tractor and truck driving, cabinet making, black-smithing,
dairying, plumbing, upholstering, horticulture, shoe
mending, finger printing, culvert making, mining, raising and
10 State's Prison
care of swine. Every effort is made "to fit a round peg in a round
hole and a square peg in a square hole" in making selections for
the placement of prisoners in the above named industries and
trades. Many prisoners who have come to the Prison without
any trade whatsoever have been released and immediately em-ployed
at good wages at the trade they have learned while in
Prison. This work is deemed constructive and important, as
the discharged prisoner with a trade stands a better chance to
earn an honest living, thereby causing him to lay aside his life of
crime, and in such instances such prisoners become an asset to
the State rather a continuing liability in the destruction of life
and property, which would place the State to untold and con-tinued
expense in Court trials and in maintaining such prisoner
in Prison.
SEGREGATION OF YOUTHFUL OFFENDERS FROM OLDER OR HARDENED PRISONERS
I have always fully realized the desirability and the necessity
for the segregation of youthful offenders from older or hardened
prisoners. This and other provisions are proper and necessary
if the best results are to be obtained. However, it is necessary
that we progress gradually and upon a sound basis. Until re-cently
the Central Prison at Raleigh, the Camp Polk Farm and
the Caledonia Farm have been overcrowded. This has been due
to the continued tremendous increase in commitment of pris-oners,
the Prison population having increased more than 275 per
cent in the past eight years. Having been successful in locating
and obtaining employment in quarries, mines and road camps for
all able-bodied negroes we were enabled to set aside the Camp
Polk Farm for young white boys under 20 years of age, of which
there are, at this time 168. Later the same provision should be
made for colored boys.
These boys will be required to work the same length of hours
as other prisoners. Only the better type will be confined on this
farm. Several especially selected older prisoners will also be
located here and after work hours and supper the younger pris-oners
will be allowed the opportunity to attend classes for two
hours at night school, to be taught by the older prisoners selected
for this purpose. The statistical data clearly indicates that those
lacking in education are most susceptible to crime.
The primary task of this Department is to protect Society. It
has further duty to perform, and that is the effort to rehabilitate
while punishment is meted out through imprisonment. It should
also be used for the purpose of redemption or reformation. I be-lieve
in rigid discipline. I believe prisoners should be forced to
perform labor to the extent of their mental and physical capaci-ties.
I believe in giving prisoners an opportunity to so equip them-selves
while in Prison as to enable them to earn an honest liveli-hood
upon discharge. I believe in putting forth every effort to
Biennial Report h
instil in them self-restraint and self-respect to the end that upon
discharge they may so conduct themselves as to regain the re-spect
of honest and law abiding citizens. I believe this to be the
constructive and humane manner of handling prisoners and in
the final analysis will prove profitable, economically, socially
and financially.
Of course every prisoner given these opportunities of training
and betterment will not profit thereby, but I can point to many
hundred prisoners who have been discharged, paroled or par-doned
within the past few years, who have gone back to freedom,
are living honest lives and have taken up life anew. On the other
hand "repeaters" in our Prison are negligible. There are men
who will continue to ply their trade of crime so long as they live,
regardless of what may be done.
This cannot be called "coddling" but is giving to the State dual
protection—protection while the prisoner is confined and pro-tection
from his further depredations after discharge. This is
real economy.
CAMP POLK PRISON FARM
This farm, referred to in the preceding paragraphs, is located
four miles west of Raleigh in Wake County. It contained 2,680
acres until in accordance with law enacted by the General Assem-bly
in 1925 there was transferred to the North Carolina State
Fair Association a total of 200 acres.
During 1928 the Prison Board has purchased, by and with the
consent and approval of the Governor, a total of 37i/
2 acres of
the West estate. The present acreage of the Camp Polk Farm
is therefore 2,5171/2 acres, more or less.
Sufficient quantities of corn, forage, peas, beans, soy beans,
oats, sweet and Irish potatoes, ensilage, pork, vegetables, milk,
etc., have been raised on this farm.
The farm has also furnished the Central Prison with its re-quirements
of vegetables, not raised in the Central Prison
garden.
The auditors' reports for the four years on the operations of
this farm are as follows
:
1925—$10,671.11 Net Profit
1926—$ 8,386.80 Operating Loss
1927—$13,228.95 Net Profit
1928—$16,453.14 Net Profit
The loss sustained in 1926 was principally due to decline in
cotton prices. For the four year period the total net profits on
this farm total $32,066.40 after deducting the loss incurred in
The team, equipment and buildings have been kept in excellent
12 State's Prison
condition, and the farm supervisor, Mr. Jesse Hilliard, and his
associates are to be congratulated in their efforts to obtain quan-tity
production at minimum costs.
During the four year period more than 300 acres of new
ground have been cleared and placed under cultivation.
CALEDONIA PRISON FARM
The Caledonia Farm in Halifax County is manned by white
prisoners, only about 25 per cent of whom are farmers by occu-pation.
This requires more men to man the farm than if it were
manned by actual farmers or by negroes.
Mr. H. K. Burgwyn and other officials at this farm are to be
congratulated upon the splendid morale of the prisoners at that
point and upon the excellent manner in which this has been
operated.
The auditors' reports on the operation of this farm for the
past four years are as follows
:
1925—$51,820.99 Net Profit
1926—$19,608.89 Operating Loss
1927—$22,340.20 Net Profit
1928—$83,601.46 Net Profit
The loss shown in 1926 was due largely to the decline in the
market price of cotton and peanuts. The total net profits at this
farm for the four year period, after deducting the loss in 1926,
amount to $157,762.65.
Large quantities of corn, cotton, peanuts, sorghum cane, alfal-fa,
peas, beans, soy beans, oats, wheat, Irish and sweet potatoes,
vegetables, pea vine hay, pork and beef have been raised. Over
25,000 bushels of corn were sold in 1928 and we have an equal
amount for sale now.
All meal and flour used by the Prison Department is ground
from corn and wheat raised on Caledonia.
A power line has been constructed with convict labor at a sav-ing
of $10,000.00 over the contract price. Having current at this
farm is economic and convenient.
The miles of ditches, roadways and dykes have been improved.
All houses have been properly repaired and painted.
The team and farm implements evidence proper care.
The whole-time physician at Caledonia reports health and
sanitary conditions on a high standard.
At this point we now have on hand a large surplus of hays and
corn which will be sold in the open market during the next few
months.
STOCKADE CAMPS
At this time nine stockade, or guarded, convict camps are be-ing
maintained, eight of which are engaged in quarrying rock
Biennial Report 13
and one engaged in mining coal. A total of 751 negro prisoners
are confined in these camps. Each camp has been constructed on
our standard camp design, adopted six years ago, and is in
accordance with law, approved by the Inspector representing
jointly the State Board of Health and the State Board of Chari-ties
and Public Welfare.
This gives, with honor camps, a total of fourteen camps, with
a total population of 903 prisoners', located at present as follows
:
Hyde County—1 Honor Camp, White
Warren County—1 Honor Camp, White
Lenoir County—1 Honor Camp, White
Perquimans County—1 Honor Camp, Colored
Macon County—1 Honor Camp, Colored
Wake County—2 Stockade Camps, Colored
Nash County—1 Stockade Camp, Colored
Durham County—1 Stockade Camp, Colored
Guilford County—2 Stockade Camps, Colored
Forsyth County—1 Stockade Camp, Colored
Alexander County—1 Stockade Camp, Colored
Chatham County—1 Stockade Camp, Colored
The successful placement of these men has obviated the neces-sity
of the issuance of the $400,000.00 bond issue, authorized by
the last General Assembly to purchase farm lands to care for the
increase in prison population. The non-issuance of these bonds
effects a saving of about $35,000.00 in interest to date.
In order to maintain proper contact with the outside Pris-on
camp officials and contractors, and to further the morale of
the prisoners the Superintendent should visit each unit at least
once each month. This, while extremely important, has not been
possible. It is necessary to travel nearly 1,700 miles to make one
trip of inspection and with the time necessarily consumed at each
camp location it should require about two weeks in which to make
a proper worthwhile inspectional and contact trip. It has not
been possible to devote half of each month to this work. This is
due to the many and varied duties necessarily performed by the
Superintendent who is, as you know, the Executive and Admini-strative
Head of the Department, the purchasing and selling
agent, Director of Farm Operations, Director of the Industries
at the Central Prison and in the final analysis the Disciplinarian
of the Department.
It falls the duty of the Superintendent to find employment for
more than 2,000 men and women. The financial success of the
Prison leans very heavily upon the successful finding of suitable
and profitable employment of prisoners. In the past four years
Prison labor in quarries and mines and on road work has earned
$1,190,236.97. I am of the opinion this amount would have been
materially increased had the Superintendent been relieved of
14 State's Prison
some of his other duties which confine him to his office. From
experience I fully realize convict labor cannot be placed or
"sold" over telephone or by letter. It must be "sold" by direct
contact with contractors requiring labor and must be continually
"resold" to them.
The convict camps have operated at a net profit, after deduct-ing
all expenses, as follows
:
In 1925 a Net Profit of $114,331.42
In 1926 a Net Profit of $127,808.80
In 1927 a Net Profit of $127,649.72
In 1928 a Net Profit of $109,563.38
A total net profit from convict camps in the four year period
of $479,354.32. All prisoners are worked under the direction and
supervision of Prison authorities only.
GENERAL
In addition to the travel outlined above I have from necessity
travelled many miles by car and train conferring with contrac-tors
engaged in various forms of construction work, in an effort
to interest them in the utilization of convict labor. I have also
made numerous trips to the two farms, which are located exactly
one hundred miles apart. Within the four years just ended I
have travelled 84,396 miles by train and automobile in the official
discharge of my duties.
I am at this time purchasing food to supply 6,768 meals each
day for 18 separate units scattered over the State from Macon
County, west of Asheville to Hyde County and Perquimans Coun-ty
on the East Coast.
Within the four year period there has been collected through
this office, for the account of this Department the sum of $1,988,-
320.91. From figures obtained it would have cost in excess of
$17,400.00 had this money been collectible through the State
Revenue Department. This is computed on the report that the
cost of collecting $1,000.00 is $28.30.
The population of the Prison having increased more than 275
per cent within the past few years, the Executive and Admini-strative
duties have likewise increased. In addition the require-ments
of the Budget Bureau, while extremely helpful, have
added materially to the work of most Departmental heads.
The Superintendent has among other duties that of interviews
and conferences with salesmen, kinsmen, friends and lawyers of
the more than 2,000 prisoners, visitors and delegations interested
in the operation of the Prison and prospective purchasers of
supplies, users of convict labor and others. Over a period of 60
days these interviews and conferences averaged 21 per day. In
addition there are numerous telephone calls and an average of
4,617 letters, and telegrams dispatched each month.
Biennial Report 15
No regular office hours can be maintained, even when at the
Central Prison. The Superintendent is on duty and available
from about 7 :30 A.M. until all hours of the night. He is often dis-turbed
during late hours at night by long distance calls from
this and other States pertaining to escaped prisoners or commit-ment
of prisoners, and other routine business.
The Prison population has increased more than 275 per cent
in the past few years ; the farming acreage increased about 900
per cent since 1921 ; the road camps 350 per cent and five indus-tries
have been installed and are operating successfully under the
supervision of the Superintendent. With this increase and the
other duties now encumbent upon the Superintendent there has
been no increase in the personnel of the Superintendent's office
Recent telegraphic reports disclose that of 49 State Prisons
reporting, only seven are self-supporting. The other 42 are main-tamed
by Legislative appropriation. These appropriations last
year are on an average of more than $300,000.00 for each of
those States not self-supporting.
The following States are listed as operating without cost to
the tax payers: Mississippi, Tennessee, West Virginia, South
Carolina, Texas, Minnesota and North Carolina. Four of the
seven report profits ranging from $2,000.00 to $10,000.00.
None of the Federal Prisons are self-sustaining.
I am very much gratified over being able to make to you this
report and I am profoundly grateful to His Excellency, Governor
McLean and to you gentlemen of the Board who have given un-stintingly
of your labors and sound advice all of which has been
exceedingly helpful. The people of the State are deeply indebted
to you for the service you have rendered, which service has been
given at a great financial sacrifice to each of you.
I also wish to acknowledge my indebtedness for the faithful
and loyal support of other officers and employees.
Respectfully,
Geo. Ross Pou,
Superintendent.
REPORT OF THE PHYSICIAN-WARDEN
To the Superintendent and Board of Directors of the North
Carolina State's Prison:
As Physician-Warden, I have the honor to submit the following
report covering the fiscal years 1926-1928.
In the medical department we are getting along nicely. The
health of the prisoners is excellent, as evidenced by the small
sick list and the almost universal gain in weight and morale of
the men. This has been brought about by close attention to their
physical condition, food, sanitation, teeth, etc.
All prisoners are examined by the Physician as to their phys-ical
and mental condition, and graded according to their ability
to do prison work. The record of the physical examination is
kept on an indexed card, a copy of which goes with prisoner to
the camp or farm to which he is assigned. They grade as follows
:
Grade "A" 90 to 100 1069
Grade "B" 75 to 90 295
Grade "C" 50 to 75 171
Grade "D" Below 50 31
Total 1566
All prisoners are vaccinated against both Smallpox and Ty-phoid
Fever. If there are any signs of syphilis, a blood test is
made. If a prisoner is found to need an operation, this is done be-fore
he is sent out to work.
Dr. Osborne does the necessary dental work for each prisoner
before such prisoner leaves the Central Prison. It is unbelievable
that in a civilized country people will let their mouths get in such
condition as we find many.
I make regular inspection trips to all prison camps several
times yearly. On these trips I check up on each prisoner, and
those requiring it are sent in for treatment. The supervisors are
required to give the men a good variety of food, well prepared,
and keep everything in a clean sanitary condition. The water
is regularly analyzed by the State Laboratory of Hygiene.
The number of sick and injured received from the farms and
camps for treatment during 1926-28 was 202.
During this period we sent 19 to the State Sanatorium for
treatment and they returned four to us as cured.
We sent six to the Criminal Insane at Raleigh for treatment
and they returned two to us as cured.
To the Criminal Insane at Goldsboro we sent seven and they
returned two to us as cured.
Biennial Report 17
The number of deaths from 1926-28 was 17 as follows
:
Pneumonia 1
Epileptic Convulsions 1
Hemorrhage from Abscess of Leg 1
Abscess of Lung 1
Organic Heart Trouble 4
Bright's Disease , 1
Tubercular Complications 3
Gun Shot Wounds 1
Stomach Ulcer 1
Cancer 2
Cirrhosis of Liver 1
Total 17
All prisoners who enter the prison with venereal disease are
held at the Central Prison until cured. We received and treated
the following
:
Gonorrhoea (cured and discharged) 124
Blood Test for Syphilis as follows
:
Number of Wassermans 446
Negative 307
Positive 139
Of the positive (cured and discharged) 119
Remaining under treatment 20
Intra Venous doses of Neoarsphenamine 1171
Nine per cent of the prisoners received have syphilis and eight
per cent have gonorrhoea. The total venereal infection of the
prisoners received is about 17 per cent.
We received eight drug addicts during the period. They are
all cured.
We received fifty-two cases of Scabies (Itch) which were iso-lated
until cured.
The following operations were performed during the period
:
Appendicitis 15
Removal of Tonsils 7
Removal of Eyes 1
Hernias 5
Gun Shot Wounds 3
Knife Wounds 2
Hemorrhoids : 13
Maxillary (Jaw bone) 2
Fistula 1
Surgery of Hand 10
Removal of Sub-maxillary Gland 1
Leg Amputation 1
Circumcision 6
Compound Fractures 9
Perforated Intestine 1
Abscess 2
Removal of Glass from Foot 1
18 State's Prison
Removal of Needle from Foot 1
Pluerisy 1
Bone Graft 1
Total 83
There were 45 cases of mumps, all being isolated and treated.
Sheriffs should be more careful and not bring prisoners with con-tagious
diseases.
In each permanent camp we try to have a good garden and
raise vegetables. The work is done mostly by the "dead-heads"
who are not able to do heavy work and are unfit for almost any-thing
else. By doing this each camp has a good supply of vege-tables.
This is much less expense and trouble than buying from
the open market.
Especially selected men are placed in the kitchen here and
trained to cook. By doing this we can always furnish the camps
with good cooks. Poor cooking will ruin any camp, in health and
discipline.
Our average daily sick list is 13 as against 38 for 1922-24, an
average of six for 1925. This increase over 1925 has been caused
from increase in population and more men being transferred to
Central Prison from farms and camps. However, we believe
this is a good record as can be made with 2000 men and many
cases of surgery and accidents. It also shows that the prisoners
are not malingering as much as formerly.
Dr. West who does the eye, ear, nose and throat work has been
of great assistance.
Drs. Neal, Thompson and Neal who assist me and do the ma-jor
surgery have been generous with their time. When called
upon to see a patient or for consultation they respond immedi-ately.
I think the Board of Directors are fortunate in being able
to get them. I personally thank them for their cooperation.
Our buildings and grounds are kept as clean and sanitary as
possible. Trash is collected and hauled away every day. The in-terior
of the buildings is cleaned thoroughly every day, floors
washed and bed linen changed twice each week. Clothing and
bed linen aired twice a week but not often put in the sun as it is
impossible to get them out of the building. The heating, water
and sewage systems are working fairly well and giving very little
trouble. At one time we had to keep a force of men continually
at work on them. We have abandoned our power plant and are
using current from The Carolina Power and Light Company.
The old women's building in the back yard is being utilized for
a canning plant, mattress factory, electrical and paint shops.
The cells in this building are used in emergencies when all other
cells are full. There is much danger of fire in the extreme wings.
One wing occupied by women and the other by the hospital and
Biennial Report 19
honor men. There is not an adequate way of escape in case fire
starts near the stairway.
The cow barn is screened and kept clean. The hog pens and
lot are kept clean but it is against the city ordinance for us to
raise hogs within the city limits. Therefore we may have to get
rid of our hogs in the near future.
We are gradually improving our grounds and in the last few
years we have filled in much land that was waste, and only used
for a junk pile, making nice level land out of it. Most of this fill-ing
was done on the northeast and northwest corners of the
property just outside the wall.
Our pasture is still very prolific and furnishes plenty of grass
all Spring and Summer for the cows. The garden has done very
well but is too small, therefore we have to depend on Capt. Hil-liard
at the Cary farm to furnish us with vegetables. This he
has done in both abundance and variety. He has also filled our
silo, furnishing eighty-seven tons of silage.
The outside wooden walls which, I am told, are about 25 or 30
years old, are continually falling and will have to be replaced
very soon.
Our herd of cattle consists of 15 cows, 12 are being milked
and three are dry. Three Heifers that will soon give milk, 12
calves and one bull. They are regularly tested for tuberculosis,
etc., by the State veterinarian and are in fine condition giving
40 gallons of milk per day.
The herd of about 48 hogs and pigs is doing fine and will
furnish plenty of fresh meat for the prisoners during the winter
and some will be packed away. We now have on hand some hams,
shoulders and other meat carried over from last year.
There were 1566 new prisoners who passed through the Cen-tral
Prison for distribution to other points. These, and the men
who work here regularly, behave themselves and perform any
duty assigned them.
In the past two years we received 15 for electrocution. Nine
were electrocuted.
We have the following industries in the Central Prison: the
concrete culvert plant, the print shop, the shop for weaving chair
bottoms, the mattress factory, the cannery, a hot house, a soap
plant and the sewing room and laundry. The latter two are run
entirely by women. All of the industries are successful.
For recreation the prisoners are given moving picture shows
once a week. Baseball in summer, when possible. Boxing match-es
when we have boxers. Those who are musical are allowed to
have their musical instruments and the prison furnishes a piano.
They have a good library consisting of some of the best standard
books, besides this the ladies in town and the magazine stands
20 State's Prison
furnish them with the latest magazines. They are allowed to take
these books and magazines to their cells after locking hours if
they wish.
The religious services consist of one hour of Sunday school
every Sunday afternoon conducted by Mr. Loomis Goodwin, the
chaplain, and the Sunday school superintendents, Mr. and Mrs.
Jo. Weathers and others; and one hour of church services each
Sunday conducted by one of the different ministers in town.
In closing I wish to thank all of the officials of the State's Pris-on
for their cooperation. It is a great pleasure and honor to be
associated with such gentlemen.
J. H. Norman, M.D.
Physician-Warden.
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY WARDEN
To the Superintendent :
Sir: As Deputy Warden and Director of the State Bureau of
Identification I submit herewith biennial report for the period
beginning June 30, 1926 and ending June 30, 1928.
All prisoners upon entrance to the Prison are given a hair cut,
shave and bath, after which they are returned to this office where
they are listed as to serial number, term of sentence and crime:
A full description of the prisoners is taken together with their
references of their nearest relatives. Two copies of fingerprints
are made, one of which is retained in my files, while the other is
forwarded to the Department of Justice, Bureau of Investigation,
Washington, D. C. If the prisoner has a former record of being
fingerprinted, the Department of Justice notifies me of same,
this information being filed with the original print in my office.
This information has proved to be very valuable in the classifi-cation
of the men. In this way we learn if the prisoner is wanted
for escaping from any other institution. During this period we
have in this way received 17 prisoners who had escaped from
other institutions or from officers.
A photograph of each prisoner is made and filed. When a pris-oner
escapes, a cut is made of subject's fingerprints, and photo-graph
after which a circular with fingerprints, photograph and
full description is made and mailed to every city of any size in
the United States, Canada and Mexico. This has proved to be
the most effective way of apprehending escapees. It is interesting
to note that these circulars are printed in our prison print plant.
Covering this period we have recaptured 143, 102 of which
were first identified by their fingerprints. The making of finger-prints
makes a very lasting impression on the prisoner for he is
told that should he escape, copies of his fingerprints will be
mailed throughout the United States and other countries, and
if he is ever fingerprinted again, he will be identified. A copy of
the rules of the Prison and a Testament are always given each
prisoner upon entrance. A lecture is given them on how to make
good while in the Prison, explaining to them the different grades
and the days of gain time allowed in each for good behavior.
Most of the prisoners seem to appreciate these talks while others
appear indifferent.
During this biennium I have made 1566 prisoners' fingerprints,
this being the number of men and women received during this
period.
I have received about 2,100 fingerprints from other bureaus
during this period, and by the splendid cooperation shown this
22 State's Prison
bureau, we have been able to locate a large number of our es-capees.
Our foreign file contains approximately 5,000 prints.
A short time ago we were notified by an officer that he had one
of our escaped men. We gave him over the 'phone the description
of our man who had the same name as the one he had in custody,
including marks and scars. From this, the officer told us that he
had our man. His weight, height and other comparisons were
the same. We told him to bring the man up so that we might
make his fingerprints as a further identification. Upon arrival
here the man very firmly denied ever having been here. He
was identified by one of the guards as our man. His fingerprints
were taken and we found that he was not our man. A few weeks
ago the man that we wanted was apprehended and we learned
that the man we had was his brother who had taken his brother's
name when arrested. This shows that the fingerprints helped to
clear the innocent as well as convict the guilty.
I do not believe that the counties could make a more worth-while
investment than the establishment of a Bureau of Identifi-cation
in each county, so that the solicitor and judge might have
the past record of the prisoner, if any, before trial. If this could
be had, I believe that it would be a means of lessening the wave
of crime.
I wish to take this opportunity to express my thanks to the
officials and employees for their hearty cooperation with this
office.
Respectfully,
H. H. Honeycutt, Deputy Warden,
Director State Bureau of Identification.
REPORT OF THE AUDITOR
Raleigh, N. C,
January 5, 1929.
Mr. Geo. Ross Pou, Superintendent,
The State Prison Department,
Raleigh, North Carolina.
Sir:
I submit herewith for publication in the Biennial Report
statistical data relative to the prisoners under your control for
the two and one-half year period ended December 31, 1928.
There is also submitted certain tables from the various audited
reports of the condition of the books in my office for the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1927, the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928,
and for the calendar years 1927 and 1928. The fiscal year audits
were made and prepared by duly authorized representatives of
the State Auditors Department, and the calendar year audits
were made and prepared by the Geo. G. Scott Co., of Charlotte,
under and by direction of His Excellency, Honorable Angus W.
McLean. The audited reports, in detail, are on file in my office
subject to inspection.
I desire to express to you, and through you to the Board of
Directors and to other Prison officials and employees my sincere
thanks for the helpful and cooperative spirit manifested by all.
Respectfully yours,
Chester 0. Bell,
Auditor, the State Prison Dept.
24 State's Prison
NET OPERATING RESULTS FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1927
Income :
Net Profits of the Caledonia Farm for 1927 $ 22,340.20
Net Profits of the Cary Farm for 1927 13,228.95
Net Profits of the Supply Stores for 1927-__ _ 18,520.52
(Sales of Supplies from Stores to other Units
in excess of Cost)
Net Profits of the Convict Camps for 1927 123,649.72
Total Income for the Year 177,739.39
Expenses
:
Expenses of Central Prison (Gross Expenses Cred-ited
with Income of Central Prison Units—Such
as Printing Dept., Laundry, Chair Factory, Cul-vert
Plant, etc.) $58,605.97
Administrative Expenses—Such as Salaries, Post-age,
Telegraph and Telephone, Insurance, Trav-eling
Expenses, Printing, Office Supplies, etc. 22,553.19
Reserve for Doubtful Accounts 2,800.00
Rewards and Captures 6,658.36
Prisoners Transportation 3,547.19
Commutation Expenses (Payments to Prisoners and
their Families) 15,675.88
Total Expenses for 1927 109,840.59
Total Net Profits for the Year 1927 $ 67,898.80
NOTE :—Taken frem an audit of Geo. G. Scott Co., which audit is on file in
the Budget Bureau and in the office of the State Prison.
Biennial Report 25
INCOME AND EXPENSE - ALL UNITS
Fiscal Year
July 1, 1927 to June 30, 1928 EXHIBIT "G"
Administration
Central Prison
Caledonia Farm
Cary Farm
Print Plant
Storage Room
Cooper-Barham Camp
Berry-Sims Camp
Champion Camp
Ewing Camp
Hight Camp
Holloway Camp
Cole Camp
Berry-Baker Camp
Ross Camp
McMillan Camp
Baker Camp
Greensboro Camp
Stokesdale Camp .
Whitehead Camp
Inez Camp .
Sater Camp
Lillinprton Camp
Coal Glenn Camp
Kinston Camp
Totals
Income
$ None
42,859.82
349,092.05
106,313.78
12,690.53
30,118.56
3,985.21
48,622.76
12,835.40
36,850.67
20,140.58
10,871.20
46,680.34
25,756.98
30,474.23
10,437.92
19,428.53
13,962.54
23,163.46
2,064.39
3,542.00
5,186.28
990.74
2,732.25
1,108.75
$859,908.97
Expense
$ 42,928.16
81,775.00
332,655.52
107,322.09
8,402.25
6,264.73
3,223.98
21,899.58
6,915.88
17,709.21
18,456.92
6,133.55
25,276.15
17,058.78
18,399.85
5,169.13
23,707.28
6,890.89
26,407.38
2,958.03
2,028.52
1,757.25
424.63
4,155.76
308.66
$788,229.18
Profit
Or Loss
*$42,928.16
* 38,915.18
16,436.53
* 1,008.31
4,288.28
23,853.83
761.23
26,723.18
5,919.52
19,141.46
1,683.66
4,737.65
21,404.19
8,698.20
12,074.38
5,268.79
* 4,278.75
7,071.65
* 3,243.92
* 893.64
1,513.48
3,429.03
566.11
* 1,423.51
800.09
$71,679.79
* Denotes expenditures in excess of income for period under review.
NOTE :—The above table is from copy of audit prepared by representatives
of the State Auditors Department.
26 State's Prison
INCOME AND EXPENSE - ALL UNITS
Fiscal Year
July 1, 1926 to June 30, 1927 EXHIBIT "H"
Administration _.
Central Prison
Caledonia Farm
Cary Farm
Printing & Plant
Tailor Shop __
Barham Camp, Micro, N. C.
Berry Camp, Sims, N. C.
Champion Camp, Almond, N. C
Ewing Camp, Durham, N. C
Hight Camp, Hiddenite, N. C
Holloway Camp, Chimney Rock, N. C
Cole Camp, Rolesville, N. C
Baker Camp, Wendell, N. C
Ross Camp, Winston-Salem, N. C
McMillan Camp, Hickory, N. C
Baker Camp, Asheville, N. C. (01d)_.
Snipes Camp, Stokesdale, N. C.
Barham Camp, Greensboro, N. C.
Baker Camp, Asheville, N. C. (New)
Ranes Camp, Marshall, N. C 1-
Rollins Camp, Durham, N. C
Gulley Camp, Duplin, N. C.
Cole Camp, Waynesville, N. C
Storage Room
Totals _
> None
36.408
251,808
40,977
6,058
30,931
12,049
46,021
16,092
31,415
26,338
29,832
16,813
22,605
22,299
6.468
12,557
3,507
2,380
6,991
16,076
6,753
3,583
12
7,310
$655,293.26
Expense
$ 53,125.17
115,336.55
227,105.49
25,951.90
724.26
9,469.87
5,248.47
20,584.09
10,222.77
16,187.86
17,519.08
15,805.08
11,955.16
11,543.29
8,897.41
1,433.58
15,240.94
1,919.20
942.70
4,372.15
16,261.87
3,043.03
3,448.97
449.70
3,812.42
$600,601.01
Profit
or Loss
*$53,125.17
* 78,928.13
24,702.56
15.025.48
5,334.62
21,461.31
6,801.13
25,436.93
5,869.63
15,227.53
8,819.59
14,027.67
4,858.24
11,062.14
13,402 50
5,035.22
* 2,682.95
1,588.52
1,437.91
2,619.40
* 185.84
3,710.02
134.03
* 437.67
3.497.58
$54,692.25
* Denotes expenditures in excess of income for period under review.
NOTE:—The above table is from copy of audit prepared by representatives
of the State Auditors Department.
Biennial Report 27
AUDITOR'S REPORT OF THE STATE'S PRISON
FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1928
January 2, 1929.
Hon. A. W. McLean, Governor,
Ex-Officio Director of the Budget.
Raleigh, North Carolina.
Dear Sir :
We respectfully submit the following report covering the
examination of the books and accounts of the North Carolina
State Prison for the calendar year 1928.
NET EARNINGS FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1928
The books show that the net earnings of the Prison for the
calendar year 1928 amounted to $146,550.92.
The following is a condensed statement of the operations for
the year, divided as to its functional units
:
Gross Operating Loss Gain
Income Expenses
Caledonia Farm _ _ $ 623,289.86 $ 539,688.40 $ 83,601.46
Cary Farm 125,568.31 109,115.17 16,453.14
Convict Camps _ _ 361,951.62 252,388.24 109,563.38
Printing Shop 12,307.22 9,091.10 3,216.12
Stores Account _ _ 51,804.34 49,109.53 2,694.81
Central Prison _ _ 53,455.33 92,881.37 $ 39,426.04
Administrative Ex-penses
2,493.00 32,044.95 29,551.95
Totals $1,230,869.68 $1,084,318.76 $ 68,977.99 $215,528.91
Net Operating Pro-fits
for Year 146,550.92
$215,528.91 $215,528.91
The following is a statement of the disposition of the 1928 Net Earnings:
Total Net Earnings for Year $146,550.92
Less Paid Prisoners as required by Law known as "Commutation
Expense" 16,717.09
Balance 129,833.83
Less a Special Reserve set up for possible Shrinkage of Inven-tory
Values 25,000.00
Balance of 1928 Earnings carried to Surplus of "Maintenance
Fund" $104,833.83
28 State's Prison
NET EARNINGS OF THE ADMINISTRATION PERIOD
OF FOUR YEARS
The total net earnings of the Prison for the Administration
period of four years (1925-1926-1927-1928) aggregated $315,-
862.21, out of which $75,421.31 was paid the prisoners and their
families as required by law, also there was at the end of the year
just closed a special reserve of $25,000.00 set aside to cover a
possible shrinkage of values of inventories, which left a balance
of $215,440.90 that was carried to the surplus of the "Mainten-ance
Fund".
The following is a condensed statement of the net earnings
of the Administration period of four years and its disposition
:
Biennial Report 29
The following is a condensed statement of the analysis of the
surplus Account of the Maintenance Fund from July 1, 1925 to
December 31, 1928
:
Surplus of Maintenance Fund at July 1, 1925 after
giving effect to the Special Appropriation of
$509,807.06 made by the General Assembly
1925 Session for the Accumulated Debt and
Treasury Overdraft $459,680.05
Net Appropriations for Maintenance consumed dur-ing
Period the Operations of Prison were
Financed by Legislative Appropriations
(a) Expense from July 1, 1925 to July 1, 1927 $1,026,057.98
(b) Less Receipts Deposited in State Treasury
same Period 803,945.86
(c) Net Appropriations Consumed 222,112.12
Net Earnings of Prison for the Administration
Period of Four Years carried to Surplus
Account 215,440.90
Total 897,233.07
Less Expended for Betterments and Improvements 130,493.99
Balance of Surplus of Maintenance Fund at Decem-ber
31, 1928 $766,739.08
CAPITAL ACCOUNT
What is known as the "Capital Account" of the State Prison is
the permanent assets consisting of lands, improvements, better-ments,
buildings and equipment.
The following is a condensed statement of the Capital Account
:
Totals Fixed Properties at July 1, 1925 $2,173,352.08
Additions made from Permanent Improvements Appropriation
(See Schedule No. 37) 313,847.93
Additions made from Maintenance Fund or out of Current
Earnings (See Schedule No. 36) 130,493.99
Total Fixed Properties or Capital Surplus at Dec. 31, 1928 $2,617,694.00
The fixed assets are divided as follows:
Central Prison $1,439,429.33
Caledonia Farm 745,807.19
Cary Farm 432,457.48
Total $2,617,694.00
30 State's Prison
FARM PRODUCTS
The value of farm products produced during the year 1928
amounted to $220,318.50 as shown by the following condensed
statement
:
Caledonia Cary Total
Farm Farm
Products Sold during the Year $236,569.13 $37,593.47 $274,162.60
Products Consumed during the Year 80,083.12 16,408.36 96,491.48
Inventory at close of Year . . 158,870.00 12,491.75 171,361.75
Totals 475,522.25 66,493.58 542,015.83
Less Inventory beginning of Year 273,530.03 48,167.30 321,697.33
Value of Products for the Year ___ $201,992.22 $18,326.28 $220,318.50
The profits of farm operations are shown in Schedules 3 and 4, which
amounted to $100,054.60.
The following are condensed statements:
Caledonia Cary Total
Farm Farm
Total Income 623,289.86 125,568.31 748,858.17
Total Expense 539,688.40 109,115.17 648,803.57
$ 83,601.46 $ 16,453.14 $100,054.60
INVENTORIES
The Inventories of the Prison at the close of the year amounted
to $433,078.45 as against $397,460.13 one year ago and an aver-age
inventory of five years of $428,049.94.
We have shown a schedule of inventories for the past five years
by units, designated as Schedule 28. The totals are as follows
:
December 31, 1924 $304,228.20
December 31, 1925 535,155.87
December 31, 1926 470,327.09
December 31, 1927 397,460.13
December 31, 1928 433,078.45
SCOPE OF EXAMINATION
The scope of our examination did not include the examination
of Vouchers as that work is handled by the State Auditor. We
Biennial Report 31
did not reconcile the treasury account with the books of State
Treasury as that is also handled by the State Auditor and also it
would have been impossible to have done so at the date we com-pleted
our work, which was before the entries of the month had
been received by the Treasurer's office. Our work consisted of
proving clerical accuracy of the accounts supported by the re-corded
transactions, examination of detail inventories, and the
preparation of the statements herewith submitted.
Respectfully submitted,
Geo. G. Scott & Co.,
Certified Public Accountants.
32 State's Prison
STATISTICAL DATA RELATIVE TO PRISONERS
TABLE No. 1
Population Record of Prison from June 30, 1926 to December 31, 1928
Prisoners remaining June 30, 1926 __ 1486
Received from counties 1977
Received by revocation of parole 13
Received by recapture of escapes 257
Total received during the two and one-half years 3733
Discharged by expiration of sentence 1209
Pardoned or paroled 159
Deaths from all causes 26
Escaped from the eighteen units maintained 333
Transferred to insane hospitals and tubercular wards 38
Total 1765
Prisoners remaining under control on December 31, 1928 1968
TABLE No. 2
Distribution of Prisoners December 31, 1928
Central Prison, Wake County 308
Camp Polk Farm, Wake County 92
Caledonia Farm, Halifax County 686
Simms Camp, Wilson County 91
Wendell Camp, Wake County 64
Rolesville Camp, Wake County 133
Durham Camp, Durham County 53
Greensboro Camp, Guilford County 23
Gillquarry Camp, Guilford County 59
Winston Camp, Forsyth County 62
Hiddenite Camp, Alexander County 71
Franklin Camp, Macon County 32
New Holland Camp, Hyde County 53
Kinston Camp, Lenoir County 21
Inez Camp, Warren County 18
Coal Glenn Camp, Chatham County 181
Chocowinity Camp, Beaufort County 21
Total 1968
Increase in population since June 30, 1926 482
Biennial Report 33
TABLE No. 3
Races and Sex of Prisoners Received from
June 30, 1926 to December 31, 1928
White males 1122
White females 22
Colored males 758
Colored females ^ 75
Total ^1977
TABLE No. 4
Social Relations of Prisoners Received from
June 30, 1926 to December 31, 1928
Married 732
Single . 1196
Widows 22
Widowers 37
Total __1977
TABLE No. 5
Religious Record of Prisoners prior to Conviction, Received
from June 30, 1926 to December 31, 1928
Attended Sunday School _ 859
Attended Church and Sunday School 694
Attended neither Sunday School nor Church 424
Total 1977
TABLE No. 6
Ages of Prisoners Received from
June 30, 1926 to December 31, 1928
14 to 20 Years 677
20 to 30 Years 795
30 to 40 Years 324
40 to 50 Years 98
50 to 60 Years 61
60 to 70 Years 19
70 to 80 Years " 3
Total 1977
34 State's Prison
TABLE No. 7
Crimes for which Prisoners were Sentenced
from June 30, 1926 to December 31, 1928
Attempt to produce an abortion _ 2
Abduction 3
Arson 21
Assault and battery 6
Assault and burglary 3
Assault with deadly weapon in-tent
to kill 62
Assault with deadly weapon in-tent
to rape 46
Assault, secret 6
Bigamy 23
Bigamous cohabitation 2
Breaking and entering 139
Breaking, entering and larceny _ 17
Burglary 44
Burglary, second degree 44
Burglary, attempt at 2
Conspiracy 5
Concealing birth of child 1
Crime against nature 11
Disposing of mortgaged property 1
Destruction of property 1
Elopement 1
Embezzlement 32
Felony 1
Felonious conspiracy 6
False pretense 22
False pretense and fraud 2
Forgery 97
Highway robbery 57
Housebreaking 25
Housebreaking and larceny 148
Impersonating married woman's
husband 1
Incest 12
Intercourse with girl under 16
years of age 19
Kidnapping 1
Larceny 389
Larceny of automobile 91
Larceny and receiving 104
Larceny and forgery 1
Making false enteries 1
Mayhem and assault 1
Manufacturing whiskey 35
Manslaughter 169
Murder 68
Murder, second degree 124
Operating smoke screen 3
Perjury 3
Possession burglary tools 5
Prostitution and assignation 3
Rape 8
Receiving stolen goods 16
Robbery 33
Riot 1
Seduction 10
Storebreaking 77
Sodomy 1
Violation banking laws 4
Total 1977
TABLE No. 8
Occupation of Prisoners prior to Conviction, Received
from June 30, 1926 to December 31, 1928
Bakers 3 Ministers
Bankers 13 Mail carrier
Barbers 11
Bootblack _
.
Butchers __.
Butlers
Blacksmiths
Brickmasons
Miners
3 Metal workers
3 Musicians
3 Newspaper workers
6 Nurses
3 Office workers
2
1
5
3
2
2
3
20
Biennial Report 35
Carpenters 24
Clerks 7
Cooks . 64
Cigar makers , 2
Deputy sheriff 1
Dairyman 1
Electricians 19
Farmers 234
Firemen 18
Fisherman 1
Hotel employees 3
Horse trader 1
Interior decorator 1
Insurance agents 2
Junk dealer 1
Lawyers 2
Laborers 1151
Laundry workers 4
Liveryman 1
Linemen 2
Lumbermen 2
Manicurist 1
Mechanics 60
Merchants 8
Machinist 1
Medical doctors 2
Painters 47
Printers 7
Plumbers _ 13
Plasterers 6
Pressers 6
Real estate dealers 3
Railroad workers 1
Salesmen 13
Sailors 1
School children 2
Sign painters 1
Shoe makers 6
School teachers 3
Steam fitters 1
Stone cutters 2
Sheet metal workers 4
Textile workers 147
Telegraph operators 3
Tailors 3
Tile setter 1
Time keeper 1
Tree surgery 1
Truck drivers 7
Waiters 2
Total 1977
TABLE No. 9
Number of Prisoners Received from each County
from June 30, 1926 to December 31, 1928
Alamance 7 Jackson 5
Alexander 10 Lee 14
Alleghany 2 Lenoir 38
Anson 7 Lincoln 7
Ashe 3 McDowell 23
Avery 6 Madison 14
Bertie 2 Martin 3
Beaufort 16 Mecklenburg 53
Bladen 4 Mitchell 12
Brunswick 9 Montgomery 3
Buncombe 196 Moore 9
Burke 20 Nash 22
Cabarrus 23 New Hanover 36
Caldwell 19 Northampton 6
Carteret 7 Onslow 7
Caswell 6 Orange 9
36 State's Prison
Catawba 42 Pender _ 3
Chatham 28 Pasquotank ___ 11
Cherokee H Perquimans 9
Chowan 6 Pitt _ _ 41
Cleveland 14 Polk - 22
Camden 1 Pamlico 4
Columbus 16 Randolph _ ._ 23
Craven 27 Richmond 17
Currituck 4 Robeson _ 27
Cumberland 24 Rockingham 18
Davidson 22 Rowan • 6
Davie 7 Rutherford 33
Duplin 20 Sampson 22
Durham 37 Scotland 26
Edgecombe 14 Stanley 25
Forsyth 101 Stokes _ ._ 9
Franklin 24 Surry ._ 15
Gates 3 Swain 11
Gaston 26 Tyrell 1
Granville 16 Transylvania 7
Graham 5 Union 14
Greene 8 Vance 20
Guilford 142 Wake 117
Halifax 30 Warren ___ 7
Harnett 30 Washington 4
Henderson 24 Watauga 7
Hertford 9 Wayne .__ 20
Hoke 2 Wilkes 27
Hyde 3 Wilson 42
Haywood 19 Yadkin 13
Iredell . 15 Yancey _ 9
Jones ,-- 1
Johnston 38 Total 1977
COMPOSED. PRINTED AND BOUND BY
THE STATE'S PRISON PRINTERY
RALEIGH. N. C.
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BIENNIAL REPORT
OF
THE STATE'S PRISON
RALEIGH, N. C.
I927-I928
RALEIGH
THE STATES PRISON PRINTERY
1928
THE STATE'S PRISON, RALEIGH
This institution was founded by an act of the General 'Assembly, ratified
the 12th day April, A.D., 1869, entitled "AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE
ERECTION OF A PENITENTIARY." Reference is made to the act cited,
and also to the Report of the Commission to erect a Penitentiary, Document
Number 18, Legislative Documents, 1868-70.
The Prison building is a magnificent brick structure, erected upon granite
foundation. The Prison wall is of granite, and is twenty feet in height and
six feet broad at the top, and its base is said to extend sixteen feet below
the surface. The building and wall are estimated to have cost the State
more than a million and a quarter dollars.
The institution is situated about one mile west of the Capitol on the
extension of Morgan street and near Hillsboro road.
The affairs of the Prison are administered by a board of seven directors
appointed by the Governor.
Two farms and fifteen camps are operated. The Caledonia farm in Hali-fax
County for white prisoners contains 6573 acres of which 5250 are under
cultivation. The Camp Polk farm in Wake County for youthful white pris-oners
under twenty years of age contains 2535 acres of which 1100 are in
cultivation.
Founded 1869
Number of inmates 1968
Cash balance $ 273,450.45
Assets $2,617,694.00
Liabilities (bills payable) ft $ 1,696.21
Total acreage ___ 9143
BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE STATE'S PRISON
Jas. A. Leak, Chairman Wadesboro
J. M. Brewer j Wake Forest
B. B. Everett Palmyra
R. M. Chatham Elkin
A. E. White I Lumberton
W. D. LaRoque Kinston
D. C. Barnes Murfreesboro
SUPERINTENDENTS
Name County
W. T. Hicks Wake
Paul F. Faison Wake
A. Leazar Iredell
Jno. R. Smith Wayne
J. M. Mewborne Lenoir
W. H. Day Wake
J. S. Mann Hyde
J. J. Laughinghouse Pitt
J. R. Collie Franklin
E. F. McCuLLOUGH Bladen
Geo. Ross Pou Johnston
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
To His Excellency, A. W. McLean,
Governor of North Carolina.
SIR:
I hand you herewith for your consideration the reports of Mr.
Geo. Ross Pou, Superintendent, Dr. J. H. Norman, Warden-Phy-sician,
Mr. Chester 0. Bell, Auditor and Mr. H. H. Honeycutt,
Deputy Warden and Director of the State Bureau of Identifica-tion.
These reports are largely for the biennium ended June 30,
1928. The reports of the Superintendent and Auditor are for a
two and one-half year period ended December 31, 1928.
The audit reports incorporated in Mr. Bell's report are for the
fiscal years ended June 30, 1927 and June 30, 1928, and for the
calendar years 1927 and 1928, also a review of the four year
period ended December 31, 1928.
The reports disclose a net profit for the four years of $215,-
440.90 after deducting all liabilities and the establishment of a
reserve of $25,000.00 to care for any shrinkage in inventory
values.
From telegraphic reports on file in the office of the Superin-tendent,
it is found that forty-one State Prisons were operated
at a considerable cost to the tax payers. Only seven were re-ported
as self-supporting, North Carolina being one of the seven.
During the past year the net profits of the North Carolina Prison
were exceeded by only one in the United States.
In the past four years the Prison population has increased
728, there being a total of 1,968 prisoners on December 30, 1928.
The successful manner in which the Superintendent has hand-led
the business affairs of the ^Prison and the success with which
he has found employment for the nearly two thousand convicts
has exceeded the expectations of this Board. I attribute his suc-cessful
operation to a large extent to the experience he has
gained and the study he has made of Prisons and prisoners in
this and other States.
Not only has the Prison been operated successfully financially
but much attention has been given to improvement and care of
prisoners under Prison supervision. Many forward steps have
been made with the view of really trying to make of the prisoner
a better man, the most outstanding step being the complete seg-regation
of young prisoners from older ones.
The Prison is now operating two big farms with over 6,500
acres in cultivation. In addition there are at this time fourteen
Prison camps being maintained. There are also several indus-tries
in operation at the Central Prison.
State's Prison
With the tremendous increase in Prison population and in the
duties of the Superintendent there has been no increase in the
personnel of the Superintendent's office. It is very desirable
that the Superintendent be relieved of certain duties and he
should have some additional assistance. This is felt necessary if
the Prison is to be most efficiently handled.
The Board is cognizant of the business acumen displayed by
the Superintendent and desires to commend his humane spirit,
his energy and ability and the loyal manner in which he has
served the interest of the State.
The Board acknowledges its indebtedness to Dr. J. H. Norman,
Warden-Physician, Mr. C. 0. Bell, Auditor, Miss Josephine Rand,
Clerk, Mr. H. H. Honeycutt, Deputy Warden and to other officials
for the very satisfactory manner in which they have conducted
their offices.
It is with pleasure your attention is directed to the fact that
during your Administration as Governor, the State Prison has
cost the tax payers nothing, but on the other hand has earned a
net profit of nearly a quarter million dollars, which is to the
credit of the Prison in the office of the State Treasurer.
Respectfully,
Jas. A. Leak,
Chairman Board of Directors.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT POU
To the Honorable Board of Directors of the North Carolina
State Prison Department
:
Herewith is submitted financial and statistical reports of the
North Carolina State Prison Department for the biennial period
ended June 30th, 1928, all of which are sufficiently comprehensive
as not to require extensive comment.
This Department being engaged very largely in farming it is
deemed wise and necessary to submit to you financial statements
on a calendar year basis, as well as the fiscal years, as such state-ments
more accurately give the outcome of the financial oper-ations
of the Prison Department in its entirety.
In this connection allow me to direct your attention to the
Auditors calendar year statement of profits of the Department
for the four year period I have served as Superintendent under
your direction.
Net operating profits for the State's Prison Department, all
units:
For the Year 1925—$ 18,093.43
For the Year 1926—$ 24,614.84
For the Year 1927—$ 67,898.80
For the Year 1928—$129,833.83
Net operating profits of the State's Prison Department for the
four years total $240,440.90, nearly one quarter million dollars.
During this period the sum of $75,421.31 was paid to prisoners
upon discharge, in accordance with law. If this had not been
required the total profits for the four year period would be
$315,862.21.
Every effort has been put forth to operate the affairs of this
Department on a sound economical business basis. At the same
time I have endeavored to keep before me the general health and
social welfare of the prisoners. I feel the auditors' statements
suffice to tell you to what degree of success the Prison has been
operated from a financial view point. It is felt the demand which
has been created for Prison labor speaks for the discipline and
morale of the prisoners. The medical records bespeak well of
health and sanitary conditions. Conditions in every way have
been bettered.
State's Prison
PURCHASE OF EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
As stated in previous reports, the purchase of equipment and
supplies has been made, when practical, on competitive bid.
RELIGIOUS
Religious services are provided each Sunday at each of the
eighteen points of confinement of State prisoners. In some in-stances
services are also held at night during the week. A New
Testament is provided for each prisoner upon commitment and
he is encouraged to attend the religious services.
HEALTH AND SANITATION
The Prison, in addition to two full time physicians and a drug-gist,
has at its command and on its staff several eminent surgeons
of Raleigh. The health of the prisoners has been extremely good.
The death rate is exceedingly low. Reports of the Prison In-spector,
who represents jointly the State Board of Charities and
Public Welfare and the State Board of Health, evidences the high
sanitary condition of the Central Prison at Raleigh, the Camp
Polk Prison Farm near Method, the Caledonia Prison Farm in
Halifax County and the fifteen road and quarry camps which
have been maintained under the direct supervision of this
Department.
Dr. J. H. Norman, Jr., Warden-Physician, has frequently
visited the eighteen active prison units for the purpose of exam-ining
the prisoners as to health and inspecting the quarters as to
sanitation.
The full-time services of a physician at Caledonia Farm were
found necessary and the services of Dr. B. R. Dodd, who is also
a surgeon and psychiatrist, were obtained. Dr. Dodd is a native
of Wake County.
The part time services of Dr. J. E. Osborne, dental surgeon,
have been found of great help in maintaining the good health
record of the Prison. The arrangement under which Dr. Osborne
has been employed has also proved most economical. Dr. Osborne
has visited frequently all points where State prisoners are in
confinement and performed such dental work as in his opinion,
was for the betterment of the health of the individual prisoner
attended. Dr. W. J. Ward of Weldon cares to a large extent for
dental requirements at Caledonia Farm.
Prisoners found to be suffering from mental derangement are
immediately transferred to one of the Criminal Insane Wards;
the white prisoner to Dix Hill at Raleigh; the colored to the
Hospital for Insane at Goldsboro. A prisoner developing a con-tagious
disease is at once isolated.
DISCIPLINE
More than six years have now elapsed since it has been found
Biennial Report
necessary to resort to "the whipping post", or to flogging for the
purpose of maintaining discipline. It has been found better to
use "brain rather than brawn" in handling prisoners. We have
continued the use of solitary confinement on bread and water as
our most severe form of punishment and have found it most ef-fective.
As a whole, the general morale of the prisoners is good.
Less than ten per cent are classed as incorrigibles, while about 30
per cent are honor grade prisoners in which classification are
several life termers. Taking into consideration the increased
population and number of units, the escapes are lower and recap-tures
higher. One mutiny was handled successfully without in-jury
to either employees or prisoners.
HONOR CAMPS
Six honor camps, three for white prisoners and three for col-ored
prisoners have been operated. These prisoners have earned
in excess of $150,000.00 revenue for the State Prison Depart-ment.
But for the successful extension and operation of the
honor system these prisoners could not have been employed by
the contractors, and in that event the Prison would have been
operated at a financial loss.
Upon their discharge many prisoners in honor camps are given
immediate employment by the contractors for whom they have
worked. Our extension of the honor system has aided greatly
in our efforts toward rehabilitation of the prisoners and as
stated, has materially added to our financial earnings.
EMPLOYMENT AFTER DISCHARGE
One of the greatest services this Department can render is to
"locate" or find employment for the discharged or paroled pris-oner.
Particular attention has been given this during the past
several years and employment for many has been obtained. I
wish to extend through this Board to Judge H. Hoyle Sink,
former Commissioner of Pardons and to Commissioner of Par-dons
Edwin B. Bridges, my appreciation for the attitude as-sumed
by them toward helping find employment for discharged
or paroled prisoners, and also to the Citizens Aid Committee
recently appointed by Commissioner Bridges.
INDUSTRIES AND TRADES
The following industries and trades are engaged in and
taught: General farming, manufacture of fertilizer, electric
welding, brick masonry, general electrical work, carpentry,
painting, general saw milling, ginning, chair weaving, mattress
and pillow making, air and electric drilling, firing, concrete
work, tailoring, fancy work, laundering, cooking, milling ac-countancy,
tractor and truck driving, cabinet making, black-smithing,
dairying, plumbing, upholstering, horticulture, shoe
mending, finger printing, culvert making, mining, raising and
10 State's Prison
care of swine. Every effort is made "to fit a round peg in a round
hole and a square peg in a square hole" in making selections for
the placement of prisoners in the above named industries and
trades. Many prisoners who have come to the Prison without
any trade whatsoever have been released and immediately em-ployed
at good wages at the trade they have learned while in
Prison. This work is deemed constructive and important, as
the discharged prisoner with a trade stands a better chance to
earn an honest living, thereby causing him to lay aside his life of
crime, and in such instances such prisoners become an asset to
the State rather a continuing liability in the destruction of life
and property, which would place the State to untold and con-tinued
expense in Court trials and in maintaining such prisoner
in Prison.
SEGREGATION OF YOUTHFUL OFFENDERS FROM OLDER OR HARDENED PRISONERS
I have always fully realized the desirability and the necessity
for the segregation of youthful offenders from older or hardened
prisoners. This and other provisions are proper and necessary
if the best results are to be obtained. However, it is necessary
that we progress gradually and upon a sound basis. Until re-cently
the Central Prison at Raleigh, the Camp Polk Farm and
the Caledonia Farm have been overcrowded. This has been due
to the continued tremendous increase in commitment of pris-oners,
the Prison population having increased more than 275 per
cent in the past eight years. Having been successful in locating
and obtaining employment in quarries, mines and road camps for
all able-bodied negroes we were enabled to set aside the Camp
Polk Farm for young white boys under 20 years of age, of which
there are, at this time 168. Later the same provision should be
made for colored boys.
These boys will be required to work the same length of hours
as other prisoners. Only the better type will be confined on this
farm. Several especially selected older prisoners will also be
located here and after work hours and supper the younger pris-oners
will be allowed the opportunity to attend classes for two
hours at night school, to be taught by the older prisoners selected
for this purpose. The statistical data clearly indicates that those
lacking in education are most susceptible to crime.
The primary task of this Department is to protect Society. It
has further duty to perform, and that is the effort to rehabilitate
while punishment is meted out through imprisonment. It should
also be used for the purpose of redemption or reformation. I be-lieve
in rigid discipline. I believe prisoners should be forced to
perform labor to the extent of their mental and physical capaci-ties.
I believe in giving prisoners an opportunity to so equip them-selves
while in Prison as to enable them to earn an honest liveli-hood
upon discharge. I believe in putting forth every effort to
Biennial Report h
instil in them self-restraint and self-respect to the end that upon
discharge they may so conduct themselves as to regain the re-spect
of honest and law abiding citizens. I believe this to be the
constructive and humane manner of handling prisoners and in
the final analysis will prove profitable, economically, socially
and financially.
Of course every prisoner given these opportunities of training
and betterment will not profit thereby, but I can point to many
hundred prisoners who have been discharged, paroled or par-doned
within the past few years, who have gone back to freedom,
are living honest lives and have taken up life anew. On the other
hand "repeaters" in our Prison are negligible. There are men
who will continue to ply their trade of crime so long as they live,
regardless of what may be done.
This cannot be called "coddling" but is giving to the State dual
protection—protection while the prisoner is confined and pro-tection
from his further depredations after discharge. This is
real economy.
CAMP POLK PRISON FARM
This farm, referred to in the preceding paragraphs, is located
four miles west of Raleigh in Wake County. It contained 2,680
acres until in accordance with law enacted by the General Assem-bly
in 1925 there was transferred to the North Carolina State
Fair Association a total of 200 acres.
During 1928 the Prison Board has purchased, by and with the
consent and approval of the Governor, a total of 37i/
2 acres of
the West estate. The present acreage of the Camp Polk Farm
is therefore 2,5171/2 acres, more or less.
Sufficient quantities of corn, forage, peas, beans, soy beans,
oats, sweet and Irish potatoes, ensilage, pork, vegetables, milk,
etc., have been raised on this farm.
The farm has also furnished the Central Prison with its re-quirements
of vegetables, not raised in the Central Prison
garden.
The auditors' reports for the four years on the operations of
this farm are as follows
:
1925—$10,671.11 Net Profit
1926—$ 8,386.80 Operating Loss
1927—$13,228.95 Net Profit
1928—$16,453.14 Net Profit
The loss sustained in 1926 was principally due to decline in
cotton prices. For the four year period the total net profits on
this farm total $32,066.40 after deducting the loss incurred in
The team, equipment and buildings have been kept in excellent
12 State's Prison
condition, and the farm supervisor, Mr. Jesse Hilliard, and his
associates are to be congratulated in their efforts to obtain quan-tity
production at minimum costs.
During the four year period more than 300 acres of new
ground have been cleared and placed under cultivation.
CALEDONIA PRISON FARM
The Caledonia Farm in Halifax County is manned by white
prisoners, only about 25 per cent of whom are farmers by occu-pation.
This requires more men to man the farm than if it were
manned by actual farmers or by negroes.
Mr. H. K. Burgwyn and other officials at this farm are to be
congratulated upon the splendid morale of the prisoners at that
point and upon the excellent manner in which this has been
operated.
The auditors' reports on the operation of this farm for the
past four years are as follows
:
1925—$51,820.99 Net Profit
1926—$19,608.89 Operating Loss
1927—$22,340.20 Net Profit
1928—$83,601.46 Net Profit
The loss shown in 1926 was due largely to the decline in the
market price of cotton and peanuts. The total net profits at this
farm for the four year period, after deducting the loss in 1926,
amount to $157,762.65.
Large quantities of corn, cotton, peanuts, sorghum cane, alfal-fa,
peas, beans, soy beans, oats, wheat, Irish and sweet potatoes,
vegetables, pea vine hay, pork and beef have been raised. Over
25,000 bushels of corn were sold in 1928 and we have an equal
amount for sale now.
All meal and flour used by the Prison Department is ground
from corn and wheat raised on Caledonia.
A power line has been constructed with convict labor at a sav-ing
of $10,000.00 over the contract price. Having current at this
farm is economic and convenient.
The miles of ditches, roadways and dykes have been improved.
All houses have been properly repaired and painted.
The team and farm implements evidence proper care.
The whole-time physician at Caledonia reports health and
sanitary conditions on a high standard.
At this point we now have on hand a large surplus of hays and
corn which will be sold in the open market during the next few
months.
STOCKADE CAMPS
At this time nine stockade, or guarded, convict camps are be-ing
maintained, eight of which are engaged in quarrying rock
Biennial Report 13
and one engaged in mining coal. A total of 751 negro prisoners
are confined in these camps. Each camp has been constructed on
our standard camp design, adopted six years ago, and is in
accordance with law, approved by the Inspector representing
jointly the State Board of Health and the State Board of Chari-ties
and Public Welfare.
This gives, with honor camps, a total of fourteen camps, with
a total population of 903 prisoners', located at present as follows
:
Hyde County—1 Honor Camp, White
Warren County—1 Honor Camp, White
Lenoir County—1 Honor Camp, White
Perquimans County—1 Honor Camp, Colored
Macon County—1 Honor Camp, Colored
Wake County—2 Stockade Camps, Colored
Nash County—1 Stockade Camp, Colored
Durham County—1 Stockade Camp, Colored
Guilford County—2 Stockade Camps, Colored
Forsyth County—1 Stockade Camp, Colored
Alexander County—1 Stockade Camp, Colored
Chatham County—1 Stockade Camp, Colored
The successful placement of these men has obviated the neces-sity
of the issuance of the $400,000.00 bond issue, authorized by
the last General Assembly to purchase farm lands to care for the
increase in prison population. The non-issuance of these bonds
effects a saving of about $35,000.00 in interest to date.
In order to maintain proper contact with the outside Pris-on
camp officials and contractors, and to further the morale of
the prisoners the Superintendent should visit each unit at least
once each month. This, while extremely important, has not been
possible. It is necessary to travel nearly 1,700 miles to make one
trip of inspection and with the time necessarily consumed at each
camp location it should require about two weeks in which to make
a proper worthwhile inspectional and contact trip. It has not
been possible to devote half of each month to this work. This is
due to the many and varied duties necessarily performed by the
Superintendent who is, as you know, the Executive and Admini-strative
Head of the Department, the purchasing and selling
agent, Director of Farm Operations, Director of the Industries
at the Central Prison and in the final analysis the Disciplinarian
of the Department.
It falls the duty of the Superintendent to find employment for
more than 2,000 men and women. The financial success of the
Prison leans very heavily upon the successful finding of suitable
and profitable employment of prisoners. In the past four years
Prison labor in quarries and mines and on road work has earned
$1,190,236.97. I am of the opinion this amount would have been
materially increased had the Superintendent been relieved of
14 State's Prison
some of his other duties which confine him to his office. From
experience I fully realize convict labor cannot be placed or
"sold" over telephone or by letter. It must be "sold" by direct
contact with contractors requiring labor and must be continually
"resold" to them.
The convict camps have operated at a net profit, after deduct-ing
all expenses, as follows
:
In 1925 a Net Profit of $114,331.42
In 1926 a Net Profit of $127,808.80
In 1927 a Net Profit of $127,649.72
In 1928 a Net Profit of $109,563.38
A total net profit from convict camps in the four year period
of $479,354.32. All prisoners are worked under the direction and
supervision of Prison authorities only.
GENERAL
In addition to the travel outlined above I have from necessity
travelled many miles by car and train conferring with contrac-tors
engaged in various forms of construction work, in an effort
to interest them in the utilization of convict labor. I have also
made numerous trips to the two farms, which are located exactly
one hundred miles apart. Within the four years just ended I
have travelled 84,396 miles by train and automobile in the official
discharge of my duties.
I am at this time purchasing food to supply 6,768 meals each
day for 18 separate units scattered over the State from Macon
County, west of Asheville to Hyde County and Perquimans Coun-ty
on the East Coast.
Within the four year period there has been collected through
this office, for the account of this Department the sum of $1,988,-
320.91. From figures obtained it would have cost in excess of
$17,400.00 had this money been collectible through the State
Revenue Department. This is computed on the report that the
cost of collecting $1,000.00 is $28.30.
The population of the Prison having increased more than 275
per cent within the past few years, the Executive and Admini-strative
duties have likewise increased. In addition the require-ments
of the Budget Bureau, while extremely helpful, have
added materially to the work of most Departmental heads.
The Superintendent has among other duties that of interviews
and conferences with salesmen, kinsmen, friends and lawyers of
the more than 2,000 prisoners, visitors and delegations interested
in the operation of the Prison and prospective purchasers of
supplies, users of convict labor and others. Over a period of 60
days these interviews and conferences averaged 21 per day. In
addition there are numerous telephone calls and an average of
4,617 letters, and telegrams dispatched each month.
Biennial Report 15
No regular office hours can be maintained, even when at the
Central Prison. The Superintendent is on duty and available
from about 7 :30 A.M. until all hours of the night. He is often dis-turbed
during late hours at night by long distance calls from
this and other States pertaining to escaped prisoners or commit-ment
of prisoners, and other routine business.
The Prison population has increased more than 275 per cent
in the past few years ; the farming acreage increased about 900
per cent since 1921 ; the road camps 350 per cent and five indus-tries
have been installed and are operating successfully under the
supervision of the Superintendent. With this increase and the
other duties now encumbent upon the Superintendent there has
been no increase in the personnel of the Superintendent's office
Recent telegraphic reports disclose that of 49 State Prisons
reporting, only seven are self-supporting. The other 42 are main-tamed
by Legislative appropriation. These appropriations last
year are on an average of more than $300,000.00 for each of
those States not self-supporting.
The following States are listed as operating without cost to
the tax payers: Mississippi, Tennessee, West Virginia, South
Carolina, Texas, Minnesota and North Carolina. Four of the
seven report profits ranging from $2,000.00 to $10,000.00.
None of the Federal Prisons are self-sustaining.
I am very much gratified over being able to make to you this
report and I am profoundly grateful to His Excellency, Governor
McLean and to you gentlemen of the Board who have given un-stintingly
of your labors and sound advice all of which has been
exceedingly helpful. The people of the State are deeply indebted
to you for the service you have rendered, which service has been
given at a great financial sacrifice to each of you.
I also wish to acknowledge my indebtedness for the faithful
and loyal support of other officers and employees.
Respectfully,
Geo. Ross Pou,
Superintendent.
REPORT OF THE PHYSICIAN-WARDEN
To the Superintendent and Board of Directors of the North
Carolina State's Prison:
As Physician-Warden, I have the honor to submit the following
report covering the fiscal years 1926-1928.
In the medical department we are getting along nicely. The
health of the prisoners is excellent, as evidenced by the small
sick list and the almost universal gain in weight and morale of
the men. This has been brought about by close attention to their
physical condition, food, sanitation, teeth, etc.
All prisoners are examined by the Physician as to their phys-ical
and mental condition, and graded according to their ability
to do prison work. The record of the physical examination is
kept on an indexed card, a copy of which goes with prisoner to
the camp or farm to which he is assigned. They grade as follows
:
Grade "A" 90 to 100 1069
Grade "B" 75 to 90 295
Grade "C" 50 to 75 171
Grade "D" Below 50 31
Total 1566
All prisoners are vaccinated against both Smallpox and Ty-phoid
Fever. If there are any signs of syphilis, a blood test is
made. If a prisoner is found to need an operation, this is done be-fore
he is sent out to work.
Dr. Osborne does the necessary dental work for each prisoner
before such prisoner leaves the Central Prison. It is unbelievable
that in a civilized country people will let their mouths get in such
condition as we find many.
I make regular inspection trips to all prison camps several
times yearly. On these trips I check up on each prisoner, and
those requiring it are sent in for treatment. The supervisors are
required to give the men a good variety of food, well prepared,
and keep everything in a clean sanitary condition. The water
is regularly analyzed by the State Laboratory of Hygiene.
The number of sick and injured received from the farms and
camps for treatment during 1926-28 was 202.
During this period we sent 19 to the State Sanatorium for
treatment and they returned four to us as cured.
We sent six to the Criminal Insane at Raleigh for treatment
and they returned two to us as cured.
To the Criminal Insane at Goldsboro we sent seven and they
returned two to us as cured.
Biennial Report 17
The number of deaths from 1926-28 was 17 as follows
:
Pneumonia 1
Epileptic Convulsions 1
Hemorrhage from Abscess of Leg 1
Abscess of Lung 1
Organic Heart Trouble 4
Bright's Disease , 1
Tubercular Complications 3
Gun Shot Wounds 1
Stomach Ulcer 1
Cancer 2
Cirrhosis of Liver 1
Total 17
All prisoners who enter the prison with venereal disease are
held at the Central Prison until cured. We received and treated
the following
:
Gonorrhoea (cured and discharged) 124
Blood Test for Syphilis as follows
:
Number of Wassermans 446
Negative 307
Positive 139
Of the positive (cured and discharged) 119
Remaining under treatment 20
Intra Venous doses of Neoarsphenamine 1171
Nine per cent of the prisoners received have syphilis and eight
per cent have gonorrhoea. The total venereal infection of the
prisoners received is about 17 per cent.
We received eight drug addicts during the period. They are
all cured.
We received fifty-two cases of Scabies (Itch) which were iso-lated
until cured.
The following operations were performed during the period
:
Appendicitis 15
Removal of Tonsils 7
Removal of Eyes 1
Hernias 5
Gun Shot Wounds 3
Knife Wounds 2
Hemorrhoids : 13
Maxillary (Jaw bone) 2
Fistula 1
Surgery of Hand 10
Removal of Sub-maxillary Gland 1
Leg Amputation 1
Circumcision 6
Compound Fractures 9
Perforated Intestine 1
Abscess 2
Removal of Glass from Foot 1
18 State's Prison
Removal of Needle from Foot 1
Pluerisy 1
Bone Graft 1
Total 83
There were 45 cases of mumps, all being isolated and treated.
Sheriffs should be more careful and not bring prisoners with con-tagious
diseases.
In each permanent camp we try to have a good garden and
raise vegetables. The work is done mostly by the "dead-heads"
who are not able to do heavy work and are unfit for almost any-thing
else. By doing this each camp has a good supply of vege-tables.
This is much less expense and trouble than buying from
the open market.
Especially selected men are placed in the kitchen here and
trained to cook. By doing this we can always furnish the camps
with good cooks. Poor cooking will ruin any camp, in health and
discipline.
Our average daily sick list is 13 as against 38 for 1922-24, an
average of six for 1925. This increase over 1925 has been caused
from increase in population and more men being transferred to
Central Prison from farms and camps. However, we believe
this is a good record as can be made with 2000 men and many
cases of surgery and accidents. It also shows that the prisoners
are not malingering as much as formerly.
Dr. West who does the eye, ear, nose and throat work has been
of great assistance.
Drs. Neal, Thompson and Neal who assist me and do the ma-jor
surgery have been generous with their time. When called
upon to see a patient or for consultation they respond immedi-ately.
I think the Board of Directors are fortunate in being able
to get them. I personally thank them for their cooperation.
Our buildings and grounds are kept as clean and sanitary as
possible. Trash is collected and hauled away every day. The in-terior
of the buildings is cleaned thoroughly every day, floors
washed and bed linen changed twice each week. Clothing and
bed linen aired twice a week but not often put in the sun as it is
impossible to get them out of the building. The heating, water
and sewage systems are working fairly well and giving very little
trouble. At one time we had to keep a force of men continually
at work on them. We have abandoned our power plant and are
using current from The Carolina Power and Light Company.
The old women's building in the back yard is being utilized for
a canning plant, mattress factory, electrical and paint shops.
The cells in this building are used in emergencies when all other
cells are full. There is much danger of fire in the extreme wings.
One wing occupied by women and the other by the hospital and
Biennial Report 19
honor men. There is not an adequate way of escape in case fire
starts near the stairway.
The cow barn is screened and kept clean. The hog pens and
lot are kept clean but it is against the city ordinance for us to
raise hogs within the city limits. Therefore we may have to get
rid of our hogs in the near future.
We are gradually improving our grounds and in the last few
years we have filled in much land that was waste, and only used
for a junk pile, making nice level land out of it. Most of this fill-ing
was done on the northeast and northwest corners of the
property just outside the wall.
Our pasture is still very prolific and furnishes plenty of grass
all Spring and Summer for the cows. The garden has done very
well but is too small, therefore we have to depend on Capt. Hil-liard
at the Cary farm to furnish us with vegetables. This he
has done in both abundance and variety. He has also filled our
silo, furnishing eighty-seven tons of silage.
The outside wooden walls which, I am told, are about 25 or 30
years old, are continually falling and will have to be replaced
very soon.
Our herd of cattle consists of 15 cows, 12 are being milked
and three are dry. Three Heifers that will soon give milk, 12
calves and one bull. They are regularly tested for tuberculosis,
etc., by the State veterinarian and are in fine condition giving
40 gallons of milk per day.
The herd of about 48 hogs and pigs is doing fine and will
furnish plenty of fresh meat for the prisoners during the winter
and some will be packed away. We now have on hand some hams,
shoulders and other meat carried over from last year.
There were 1566 new prisoners who passed through the Cen-tral
Prison for distribution to other points. These, and the men
who work here regularly, behave themselves and perform any
duty assigned them.
In the past two years we received 15 for electrocution. Nine
were electrocuted.
We have the following industries in the Central Prison: the
concrete culvert plant, the print shop, the shop for weaving chair
bottoms, the mattress factory, the cannery, a hot house, a soap
plant and the sewing room and laundry. The latter two are run
entirely by women. All of the industries are successful.
For recreation the prisoners are given moving picture shows
once a week. Baseball in summer, when possible. Boxing match-es
when we have boxers. Those who are musical are allowed to
have their musical instruments and the prison furnishes a piano.
They have a good library consisting of some of the best standard
books, besides this the ladies in town and the magazine stands
20 State's Prison
furnish them with the latest magazines. They are allowed to take
these books and magazines to their cells after locking hours if
they wish.
The religious services consist of one hour of Sunday school
every Sunday afternoon conducted by Mr. Loomis Goodwin, the
chaplain, and the Sunday school superintendents, Mr. and Mrs.
Jo. Weathers and others; and one hour of church services each
Sunday conducted by one of the different ministers in town.
In closing I wish to thank all of the officials of the State's Pris-on
for their cooperation. It is a great pleasure and honor to be
associated with such gentlemen.
J. H. Norman, M.D.
Physician-Warden.
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY WARDEN
To the Superintendent :
Sir: As Deputy Warden and Director of the State Bureau of
Identification I submit herewith biennial report for the period
beginning June 30, 1926 and ending June 30, 1928.
All prisoners upon entrance to the Prison are given a hair cut,
shave and bath, after which they are returned to this office where
they are listed as to serial number, term of sentence and crime:
A full description of the prisoners is taken together with their
references of their nearest relatives. Two copies of fingerprints
are made, one of which is retained in my files, while the other is
forwarded to the Department of Justice, Bureau of Investigation,
Washington, D. C. If the prisoner has a former record of being
fingerprinted, the Department of Justice notifies me of same,
this information being filed with the original print in my office.
This information has proved to be very valuable in the classifi-cation
of the men. In this way we learn if the prisoner is wanted
for escaping from any other institution. During this period we
have in this way received 17 prisoners who had escaped from
other institutions or from officers.
A photograph of each prisoner is made and filed. When a pris-oner
escapes, a cut is made of subject's fingerprints, and photo-graph
after which a circular with fingerprints, photograph and
full description is made and mailed to every city of any size in
the United States, Canada and Mexico. This has proved to be
the most effective way of apprehending escapees. It is interesting
to note that these circulars are printed in our prison print plant.
Covering this period we have recaptured 143, 102 of which
were first identified by their fingerprints. The making of finger-prints
makes a very lasting impression on the prisoner for he is
told that should he escape, copies of his fingerprints will be
mailed throughout the United States and other countries, and
if he is ever fingerprinted again, he will be identified. A copy of
the rules of the Prison and a Testament are always given each
prisoner upon entrance. A lecture is given them on how to make
good while in the Prison, explaining to them the different grades
and the days of gain time allowed in each for good behavior.
Most of the prisoners seem to appreciate these talks while others
appear indifferent.
During this biennium I have made 1566 prisoners' fingerprints,
this being the number of men and women received during this
period.
I have received about 2,100 fingerprints from other bureaus
during this period, and by the splendid cooperation shown this
22 State's Prison
bureau, we have been able to locate a large number of our es-capees.
Our foreign file contains approximately 5,000 prints.
A short time ago we were notified by an officer that he had one
of our escaped men. We gave him over the 'phone the description
of our man who had the same name as the one he had in custody,
including marks and scars. From this, the officer told us that he
had our man. His weight, height and other comparisons were
the same. We told him to bring the man up so that we might
make his fingerprints as a further identification. Upon arrival
here the man very firmly denied ever having been here. He
was identified by one of the guards as our man. His fingerprints
were taken and we found that he was not our man. A few weeks
ago the man that we wanted was apprehended and we learned
that the man we had was his brother who had taken his brother's
name when arrested. This shows that the fingerprints helped to
clear the innocent as well as convict the guilty.
I do not believe that the counties could make a more worth-while
investment than the establishment of a Bureau of Identifi-cation
in each county, so that the solicitor and judge might have
the past record of the prisoner, if any, before trial. If this could
be had, I believe that it would be a means of lessening the wave
of crime.
I wish to take this opportunity to express my thanks to the
officials and employees for their hearty cooperation with this
office.
Respectfully,
H. H. Honeycutt, Deputy Warden,
Director State Bureau of Identification.
REPORT OF THE AUDITOR
Raleigh, N. C,
January 5, 1929.
Mr. Geo. Ross Pou, Superintendent,
The State Prison Department,
Raleigh, North Carolina.
Sir:
I submit herewith for publication in the Biennial Report
statistical data relative to the prisoners under your control for
the two and one-half year period ended December 31, 1928.
There is also submitted certain tables from the various audited
reports of the condition of the books in my office for the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1927, the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928,
and for the calendar years 1927 and 1928. The fiscal year audits
were made and prepared by duly authorized representatives of
the State Auditors Department, and the calendar year audits
were made and prepared by the Geo. G. Scott Co., of Charlotte,
under and by direction of His Excellency, Honorable Angus W.
McLean. The audited reports, in detail, are on file in my office
subject to inspection.
I desire to express to you, and through you to the Board of
Directors and to other Prison officials and employees my sincere
thanks for the helpful and cooperative spirit manifested by all.
Respectfully yours,
Chester 0. Bell,
Auditor, the State Prison Dept.
24 State's Prison
NET OPERATING RESULTS FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1927
Income :
Net Profits of the Caledonia Farm for 1927 $ 22,340.20
Net Profits of the Cary Farm for 1927 13,228.95
Net Profits of the Supply Stores for 1927-__ _ 18,520.52
(Sales of Supplies from Stores to other Units
in excess of Cost)
Net Profits of the Convict Camps for 1927 123,649.72
Total Income for the Year 177,739.39
Expenses
:
Expenses of Central Prison (Gross Expenses Cred-ited
with Income of Central Prison Units—Such
as Printing Dept., Laundry, Chair Factory, Cul-vert
Plant, etc.) $58,605.97
Administrative Expenses—Such as Salaries, Post-age,
Telegraph and Telephone, Insurance, Trav-eling
Expenses, Printing, Office Supplies, etc. 22,553.19
Reserve for Doubtful Accounts 2,800.00
Rewards and Captures 6,658.36
Prisoners Transportation 3,547.19
Commutation Expenses (Payments to Prisoners and
their Families) 15,675.88
Total Expenses for 1927 109,840.59
Total Net Profits for the Year 1927 $ 67,898.80
NOTE :—Taken frem an audit of Geo. G. Scott Co., which audit is on file in
the Budget Bureau and in the office of the State Prison.
Biennial Report 25
INCOME AND EXPENSE - ALL UNITS
Fiscal Year
July 1, 1927 to June 30, 1928 EXHIBIT "G"
Administration
Central Prison
Caledonia Farm
Cary Farm
Print Plant
Storage Room
Cooper-Barham Camp
Berry-Sims Camp
Champion Camp
Ewing Camp
Hight Camp
Holloway Camp
Cole Camp
Berry-Baker Camp
Ross Camp
McMillan Camp
Baker Camp
Greensboro Camp
Stokesdale Camp .
Whitehead Camp
Inez Camp .
Sater Camp
Lillinprton Camp
Coal Glenn Camp
Kinston Camp
Totals
Income
$ None
42,859.82
349,092.05
106,313.78
12,690.53
30,118.56
3,985.21
48,622.76
12,835.40
36,850.67
20,140.58
10,871.20
46,680.34
25,756.98
30,474.23
10,437.92
19,428.53
13,962.54
23,163.46
2,064.39
3,542.00
5,186.28
990.74
2,732.25
1,108.75
$859,908.97
Expense
$ 42,928.16
81,775.00
332,655.52
107,322.09
8,402.25
6,264.73
3,223.98
21,899.58
6,915.88
17,709.21
18,456.92
6,133.55
25,276.15
17,058.78
18,399.85
5,169.13
23,707.28
6,890.89
26,407.38
2,958.03
2,028.52
1,757.25
424.63
4,155.76
308.66
$788,229.18
Profit
Or Loss
*$42,928.16
* 38,915.18
16,436.53
* 1,008.31
4,288.28
23,853.83
761.23
26,723.18
5,919.52
19,141.46
1,683.66
4,737.65
21,404.19
8,698.20
12,074.38
5,268.79
* 4,278.75
7,071.65
* 3,243.92
* 893.64
1,513.48
3,429.03
566.11
* 1,423.51
800.09
$71,679.79
* Denotes expenditures in excess of income for period under review.
NOTE :—The above table is from copy of audit prepared by representatives
of the State Auditors Department.
26 State's Prison
INCOME AND EXPENSE - ALL UNITS
Fiscal Year
July 1, 1926 to June 30, 1927 EXHIBIT "H"
Administration _.
Central Prison
Caledonia Farm
Cary Farm
Printing & Plant
Tailor Shop __
Barham Camp, Micro, N. C.
Berry Camp, Sims, N. C.
Champion Camp, Almond, N. C
Ewing Camp, Durham, N. C
Hight Camp, Hiddenite, N. C
Holloway Camp, Chimney Rock, N. C
Cole Camp, Rolesville, N. C
Baker Camp, Wendell, N. C
Ross Camp, Winston-Salem, N. C
McMillan Camp, Hickory, N. C
Baker Camp, Asheville, N. C. (01d)_.
Snipes Camp, Stokesdale, N. C.
Barham Camp, Greensboro, N. C.
Baker Camp, Asheville, N. C. (New)
Ranes Camp, Marshall, N. C 1-
Rollins Camp, Durham, N. C
Gulley Camp, Duplin, N. C.
Cole Camp, Waynesville, N. C
Storage Room
Totals _
> None
36.408
251,808
40,977
6,058
30,931
12,049
46,021
16,092
31,415
26,338
29,832
16,813
22,605
22,299
6.468
12,557
3,507
2,380
6,991
16,076
6,753
3,583
12
7,310
$655,293.26
Expense
$ 53,125.17
115,336.55
227,105.49
25,951.90
724.26
9,469.87
5,248.47
20,584.09
10,222.77
16,187.86
17,519.08
15,805.08
11,955.16
11,543.29
8,897.41
1,433.58
15,240.94
1,919.20
942.70
4,372.15
16,261.87
3,043.03
3,448.97
449.70
3,812.42
$600,601.01
Profit
or Loss
*$53,125.17
* 78,928.13
24,702.56
15.025.48
5,334.62
21,461.31
6,801.13
25,436.93
5,869.63
15,227.53
8,819.59
14,027.67
4,858.24
11,062.14
13,402 50
5,035.22
* 2,682.95
1,588.52
1,437.91
2,619.40
* 185.84
3,710.02
134.03
* 437.67
3.497.58
$54,692.25
* Denotes expenditures in excess of income for period under review.
NOTE:—The above table is from copy of audit prepared by representatives
of the State Auditors Department.
Biennial Report 27
AUDITOR'S REPORT OF THE STATE'S PRISON
FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1928
January 2, 1929.
Hon. A. W. McLean, Governor,
Ex-Officio Director of the Budget.
Raleigh, North Carolina.
Dear Sir :
We respectfully submit the following report covering the
examination of the books and accounts of the North Carolina
State Prison for the calendar year 1928.
NET EARNINGS FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1928
The books show that the net earnings of the Prison for the
calendar year 1928 amounted to $146,550.92.
The following is a condensed statement of the operations for
the year, divided as to its functional units
:
Gross Operating Loss Gain
Income Expenses
Caledonia Farm _ _ $ 623,289.86 $ 539,688.40 $ 83,601.46
Cary Farm 125,568.31 109,115.17 16,453.14
Convict Camps _ _ 361,951.62 252,388.24 109,563.38
Printing Shop 12,307.22 9,091.10 3,216.12
Stores Account _ _ 51,804.34 49,109.53 2,694.81
Central Prison _ _ 53,455.33 92,881.37 $ 39,426.04
Administrative Ex-penses
2,493.00 32,044.95 29,551.95
Totals $1,230,869.68 $1,084,318.76 $ 68,977.99 $215,528.91
Net Operating Pro-fits
for Year 146,550.92
$215,528.91 $215,528.91
The following is a statement of the disposition of the 1928 Net Earnings:
Total Net Earnings for Year $146,550.92
Less Paid Prisoners as required by Law known as "Commutation
Expense" 16,717.09
Balance 129,833.83
Less a Special Reserve set up for possible Shrinkage of Inven-tory
Values 25,000.00
Balance of 1928 Earnings carried to Surplus of "Maintenance
Fund" $104,833.83
28 State's Prison
NET EARNINGS OF THE ADMINISTRATION PERIOD
OF FOUR YEARS
The total net earnings of the Prison for the Administration
period of four years (1925-1926-1927-1928) aggregated $315,-
862.21, out of which $75,421.31 was paid the prisoners and their
families as required by law, also there was at the end of the year
just closed a special reserve of $25,000.00 set aside to cover a
possible shrinkage of values of inventories, which left a balance
of $215,440.90 that was carried to the surplus of the "Mainten-ance
Fund".
The following is a condensed statement of the net earnings
of the Administration period of four years and its disposition
:
Biennial Report 29
The following is a condensed statement of the analysis of the
surplus Account of the Maintenance Fund from July 1, 1925 to
December 31, 1928
:
Surplus of Maintenance Fund at July 1, 1925 after
giving effect to the Special Appropriation of
$509,807.06 made by the General Assembly
1925 Session for the Accumulated Debt and
Treasury Overdraft $459,680.05
Net Appropriations for Maintenance consumed dur-ing
Period the Operations of Prison were
Financed by Legislative Appropriations
(a) Expense from July 1, 1925 to July 1, 1927 $1,026,057.98
(b) Less Receipts Deposited in State Treasury
same Period 803,945.86
(c) Net Appropriations Consumed 222,112.12
Net Earnings of Prison for the Administration
Period of Four Years carried to Surplus
Account 215,440.90
Total 897,233.07
Less Expended for Betterments and Improvements 130,493.99
Balance of Surplus of Maintenance Fund at Decem-ber
31, 1928 $766,739.08
CAPITAL ACCOUNT
What is known as the "Capital Account" of the State Prison is
the permanent assets consisting of lands, improvements, better-ments,
buildings and equipment.
The following is a condensed statement of the Capital Account
:
Totals Fixed Properties at July 1, 1925 $2,173,352.08
Additions made from Permanent Improvements Appropriation
(See Schedule No. 37) 313,847.93
Additions made from Maintenance Fund or out of Current
Earnings (See Schedule No. 36) 130,493.99
Total Fixed Properties or Capital Surplus at Dec. 31, 1928 $2,617,694.00
The fixed assets are divided as follows:
Central Prison $1,439,429.33
Caledonia Farm 745,807.19
Cary Farm 432,457.48
Total $2,617,694.00
30 State's Prison
FARM PRODUCTS
The value of farm products produced during the year 1928
amounted to $220,318.50 as shown by the following condensed
statement
:
Caledonia Cary Total
Farm Farm
Products Sold during the Year $236,569.13 $37,593.47 $274,162.60
Products Consumed during the Year 80,083.12 16,408.36 96,491.48
Inventory at close of Year . . 158,870.00 12,491.75 171,361.75
Totals 475,522.25 66,493.58 542,015.83
Less Inventory beginning of Year 273,530.03 48,167.30 321,697.33
Value of Products for the Year ___ $201,992.22 $18,326.28 $220,318.50
The profits of farm operations are shown in Schedules 3 and 4, which
amounted to $100,054.60.
The following are condensed statements:
Caledonia Cary Total
Farm Farm
Total Income 623,289.86 125,568.31 748,858.17
Total Expense 539,688.40 109,115.17 648,803.57
$ 83,601.46 $ 16,453.14 $100,054.60
INVENTORIES
The Inventories of the Prison at the close of the year amounted
to $433,078.45 as against $397,460.13 one year ago and an aver-age
inventory of five years of $428,049.94.
We have shown a schedule of inventories for the past five years
by units, designated as Schedule 28. The totals are as follows
:
December 31, 1924 $304,228.20
December 31, 1925 535,155.87
December 31, 1926 470,327.09
December 31, 1927 397,460.13
December 31, 1928 433,078.45
SCOPE OF EXAMINATION
The scope of our examination did not include the examination
of Vouchers as that work is handled by the State Auditor. We
Biennial Report 31
did not reconcile the treasury account with the books of State
Treasury as that is also handled by the State Auditor and also it
would have been impossible to have done so at the date we com-pleted
our work, which was before the entries of the month had
been received by the Treasurer's office. Our work consisted of
proving clerical accuracy of the accounts supported by the re-corded
transactions, examination of detail inventories, and the
preparation of the statements herewith submitted.
Respectfully submitted,
Geo. G. Scott & Co.,
Certified Public Accountants.
32 State's Prison
STATISTICAL DATA RELATIVE TO PRISONERS
TABLE No. 1
Population Record of Prison from June 30, 1926 to December 31, 1928
Prisoners remaining June 30, 1926 __ 1486
Received from counties 1977
Received by revocation of parole 13
Received by recapture of escapes 257
Total received during the two and one-half years 3733
Discharged by expiration of sentence 1209
Pardoned or paroled 159
Deaths from all causes 26
Escaped from the eighteen units maintained 333
Transferred to insane hospitals and tubercular wards 38
Total 1765
Prisoners remaining under control on December 31, 1928 1968
TABLE No. 2
Distribution of Prisoners December 31, 1928
Central Prison, Wake County 308
Camp Polk Farm, Wake County 92
Caledonia Farm, Halifax County 686
Simms Camp, Wilson County 91
Wendell Camp, Wake County 64
Rolesville Camp, Wake County 133
Durham Camp, Durham County 53
Greensboro Camp, Guilford County 23
Gillquarry Camp, Guilford County 59
Winston Camp, Forsyth County 62
Hiddenite Camp, Alexander County 71
Franklin Camp, Macon County 32
New Holland Camp, Hyde County 53
Kinston Camp, Lenoir County 21
Inez Camp, Warren County 18
Coal Glenn Camp, Chatham County 181
Chocowinity Camp, Beaufort County 21
Total 1968
Increase in population since June 30, 1926 482
Biennial Report 33
TABLE No. 3
Races and Sex of Prisoners Received from
June 30, 1926 to December 31, 1928
White males 1122
White females 22
Colored males 758
Colored females ^ 75
Total ^1977
TABLE No. 4
Social Relations of Prisoners Received from
June 30, 1926 to December 31, 1928
Married 732
Single . 1196
Widows 22
Widowers 37
Total __1977
TABLE No. 5
Religious Record of Prisoners prior to Conviction, Received
from June 30, 1926 to December 31, 1928
Attended Sunday School _ 859
Attended Church and Sunday School 694
Attended neither Sunday School nor Church 424
Total 1977
TABLE No. 6
Ages of Prisoners Received from
June 30, 1926 to December 31, 1928
14 to 20 Years 677
20 to 30 Years 795
30 to 40 Years 324
40 to 50 Years 98
50 to 60 Years 61
60 to 70 Years 19
70 to 80 Years " 3
Total 1977
34 State's Prison
TABLE No. 7
Crimes for which Prisoners were Sentenced
from June 30, 1926 to December 31, 1928
Attempt to produce an abortion _ 2
Abduction 3
Arson 21
Assault and battery 6
Assault and burglary 3
Assault with deadly weapon in-tent
to kill 62
Assault with deadly weapon in-tent
to rape 46
Assault, secret 6
Bigamy 23
Bigamous cohabitation 2
Breaking and entering 139
Breaking, entering and larceny _ 17
Burglary 44
Burglary, second degree 44
Burglary, attempt at 2
Conspiracy 5
Concealing birth of child 1
Crime against nature 11
Disposing of mortgaged property 1
Destruction of property 1
Elopement 1
Embezzlement 32
Felony 1
Felonious conspiracy 6
False pretense 22
False pretense and fraud 2
Forgery 97
Highway robbery 57
Housebreaking 25
Housebreaking and larceny 148
Impersonating married woman's
husband 1
Incest 12
Intercourse with girl under 16
years of age 19
Kidnapping 1
Larceny 389
Larceny of automobile 91
Larceny and receiving 104
Larceny and forgery 1
Making false enteries 1
Mayhem and assault 1
Manufacturing whiskey 35
Manslaughter 169
Murder 68
Murder, second degree 124
Operating smoke screen 3
Perjury 3
Possession burglary tools 5
Prostitution and assignation 3
Rape 8
Receiving stolen goods 16
Robbery 33
Riot 1
Seduction 10
Storebreaking 77
Sodomy 1
Violation banking laws 4
Total 1977
TABLE No. 8
Occupation of Prisoners prior to Conviction, Received
from June 30, 1926 to December 31, 1928
Bakers 3 Ministers
Bankers 13 Mail carrier
Barbers 11
Bootblack _
.
Butchers __.
Butlers
Blacksmiths
Brickmasons
Miners
3 Metal workers
3 Musicians
3 Newspaper workers
6 Nurses
3 Office workers
2
1
5
3
2
2
3
20
Biennial Report 35
Carpenters 24
Clerks 7
Cooks . 64
Cigar makers , 2
Deputy sheriff 1
Dairyman 1
Electricians 19
Farmers 234
Firemen 18
Fisherman 1
Hotel employees 3
Horse trader 1
Interior decorator 1
Insurance agents 2
Junk dealer 1
Lawyers 2
Laborers 1151
Laundry workers 4
Liveryman 1
Linemen 2
Lumbermen 2
Manicurist 1
Mechanics 60
Merchants 8
Machinist 1
Medical doctors 2
Painters 47
Printers 7
Plumbers _ 13
Plasterers 6
Pressers 6
Real estate dealers 3
Railroad workers 1
Salesmen 13
Sailors 1
School children 2
Sign painters 1
Shoe makers 6
School teachers 3
Steam fitters 1
Stone cutters 2
Sheet metal workers 4
Textile workers 147
Telegraph operators 3
Tailors 3
Tile setter 1
Time keeper 1
Tree surgery 1
Truck drivers 7
Waiters 2
Total 1977
TABLE No. 9
Number of Prisoners Received from each County
from June 30, 1926 to December 31, 1928
Alamance 7 Jackson 5
Alexander 10 Lee 14
Alleghany 2 Lenoir 38
Anson 7 Lincoln 7
Ashe 3 McDowell 23
Avery 6 Madison 14
Bertie 2 Martin 3
Beaufort 16 Mecklenburg 53
Bladen 4 Mitchell 12
Brunswick 9 Montgomery 3
Buncombe 196 Moore 9
Burke 20 Nash 22
Cabarrus 23 New Hanover 36
Caldwell 19 Northampton 6
Carteret 7 Onslow 7
Caswell 6 Orange 9
36 State's Prison
Catawba 42 Pender _ 3
Chatham 28 Pasquotank ___ 11
Cherokee H Perquimans 9
Chowan 6 Pitt _ _ 41
Cleveland 14 Polk - 22
Camden 1 Pamlico 4
Columbus 16 Randolph _ ._ 23
Craven 27 Richmond 17
Currituck 4 Robeson _ 27
Cumberland 24 Rockingham 18
Davidson 22 Rowan • 6
Davie 7 Rutherford 33
Duplin 20 Sampson 22
Durham 37 Scotland 26
Edgecombe 14 Stanley 25
Forsyth 101 Stokes _ ._ 9
Franklin 24 Surry ._ 15
Gates 3 Swain 11
Gaston 26 Tyrell 1
Granville 16 Transylvania 7
Graham 5 Union 14
Greene 8 Vance 20
Guilford 142 Wake 117
Halifax 30 Warren ___ 7
Harnett 30 Washington 4
Henderson 24 Watauga 7
Hertford 9 Wayne .__ 20
Hoke 2 Wilkes 27
Hyde 3 Wilson 42
Haywood 19 Yadkin 13
Iredell . 15 Yancey _ 9
Jones ,-- 1
Johnston 38 Total 1977
COMPOSED. PRINTED AND BOUND BY
THE STATE'S PRISON PRINTERY
RALEIGH. N. C.
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