Appendix B: Employment intheGasDrilling Industry The vast majority of the employment generated by natural extraction is concentrated inthe “drilling phase,” a labor intensive period where well pads are cleared, drilled, fracked, and restored, and gas pipelines are laid. A recent study of drilling in Pennsylvania, for example, found that the drilling phase accounted for 98% of the gas industry workforce (MSETC 2009, MSETC 2010). Depending on the overall pace and scale of drilling and the production performance of wells, the “drilling phase” will likely last 10-­‐15 years. Because job growth is so concentrated in this relatively short drilling phase, and because drilling activity can quickly increase and decline in a given area, natural gas development can conform to a pattern of boom and bust observed in other types of natural resource development activities (Jacquet 2009, Christopherson 2010). As compared to local tourism employment, job growth from drilling inthe STC region will likely benefit mostly non-­‐local workers. During the drilling phase, many of the 1150 full time equivalent (FTE) local positions created per 100 wells will go to drilling crews coming from outside the region (Jacquet 2006, 2011). In Pennsylvania, for example, theMarcellus shale industry has relied heavily on “out-­of-­‐town” workforces to meet their needs (Jacquet 2011). While “production phase” jobs tend to be longer term, locally hired, and well paid, they represent only a small portion of the overall natural gas workforce. Not surprisingly, across the United States, job growth from gas extraction is concentrated in states where energy companies are headquartered, as engineers, lawyers, corporate managers, and consultants tend to cluster in those cities and states (see figure 2). Figure 2: Location of Job Growth inNaturalGas Industry 2006-2008 Source: IHS Global Insight (2009) 24