GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF CHEMISTRY:-
“Chemistry is the study of matter”

Its brief meaning explains it all. Chemistry is a science that deals with matter, its composition, and changes they undertake.

Chemistry has been part in our lives ever since. It contributes to our existence, our culture, and our life. Chemistry explains why changes happen around us. All living processes are chemical reactions. It helps in sustaining our needs. Through this we are able to feed the world’s population, medicines to cure diseases and improve health, and to protect our environment.

Chemistry plays an important role in our lives. It contributes a lot to human knowledge. So let’s use chemistry in a way that human being and our environment would benefit from it. Chemistry involves everything about us. It is part of our daily life. From the moment we wake up until we go to bed. The food we take, the makeup we put on our faces, the soaps and cleaners we used everyday, chemistry is all around you every day. hemistry is somehow related to accountants. Because it helps to understand the changes that accountants undergo in their life and to understand human body. It only shows that chemistry plays a major role in our life. It explains every phenomenon in Life and illustrates the changes in our environment. It can be the source of maintaining the ecological balance and designates the life of planet Earth. Chemistry draws the chemical phenomena in life processes that contributes to our knowledge about the chemical changes in life and environment. Learning chemistry is like learning the reality that we are blessed by God because He create us and other Living things perfectly. Accountants need to study chemistry in order to know about the life processes and the composition of every thing. And that is the scope of studying chemistry.

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Chemistry In Our DailyLife
Chemistry is a big part of your everyday life. You find chemistry in dailylife in the foods you eat, the air you breathe, your soap, your emotions and literally every object you can see or touch. We live in a world of matter. From the food that sustains our lives to various objects that have built up our physical culture, everything is made up of matter. The human body itself is a mixture of matter of differing types. The humans who used materials obtained from nature for centuries, later made new materials out of these to suit their needs. Now the humans have thousand of materials for their use - both natural and human made. The ability that humans acquired to make new materials from natural materials is the basis of human progress. When the structure of the material world and the nature of physical and chemical changes in them were studied, humans were able to make new materials and to control their different properties. The development of chemistry made this progress possible. The contribution of chemistry to fields like, agriculture, industries, health care, food industry, habitat, transport and research has been invaluable.
1. You feel hungry because of the satiety center in your brain falls short of particular hormones to function and then sends the signal of hunger.
2. If you have wondered, why is the sky...

...architects and artists because of their remarkable creations. Though, we, as a human race disregard the importance of less tangible commodities, developed by the greatest artist ever, Mother Nature. She has given us the most magnificent and staggering artwork imaginable, our environment. But only through the most convoluted processes have these masterpieces been created. From humans to flowers and everything in between, a thorough process is behind everything. Before birth, for example, human must grow and develop through their three trimesters. Also before a plant is full-grown, it must first mature and survive as a seedling. Because although living creatures may be the most evident of Mother Nature's creations, there may be more to it.
Life is only possible in a suitable environment. On earth, that environment is created by our weather dynamics. Weather dynamics is the study of how the motion of water and air cause weather patterns. Our Global weather systems are reflections of our atmosphere and its make up. Weather systems react to the temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure. These three control systems are affected by one simple process, evaporation.
Evaporation is the conversion of liquid water directly into its vapor or gaseousstate. Through evaporation, water from the surface is transferred straight into the atmosphere. Worldwide, evaporation is usually seen as the moderator of weather. Evaporation controls cloud cover, surface...

...﻿ New Begin
After the summer vacation was over, I went back to school . The new semester began. The familiar campus evoked memories of my first. I still remembered I couldn’t find the classroom and there was a light quiver in my voice, my hands were shaking when I stood in front of the class to introduce myself in my first class last year. In the beginning, I felt uneasy and nervous in the unfamiliar surroundings. Luckily, I made lot of friendly friends and also oriented myself in school over the past year. For me, a new semester means a new start. In the new semester, as a transfer student I still had lots of class to make up. Besides, I gave myself a new challenge. I chose Germen as my minor subject. After few courses of Germen, I considered German was a very difficult language to learn. In studying a second foreign language, I may encounter different kinds of obstacles so I should spend more time and effort into my learning. This is my second years in school and I am a junior now. In the meanwhile, it is my last two years in college. In the future, I expect that I can partake in different variety of extra-curricular activities in the school, give different try and have plans for the future. Also, I hope I can have more confidence in myself at school and try my best to conquer my fear of speaking English in public. After the summer vacation was over, I went back to school . The new semester began. The familiar campus evoked memories of my first. I still remembered I...

...Importance of chemistry in our dailylife
Importance of chemistry in our dailylife
Everything is made of chemicals. Many of the changes we observe in the world around we see that caused by chemical reactions. Chemistry is very important because it helps us to know the composition, structure&amp; changes of matter. All the matters are made up of chemistry. In our every day like variouschemical are being used in various from, some of those are being used as food, some of those used clanging etc.
1 Element in the Human Body
Body is made up of chemical compounds, which are combinations of elements. Probably know body is mostly water, which is hydrogen and oxygen,
2. Health Care and Beauty:
The diagnostic tests carried out in laboratories, the prognostic estimations, medical prescriptions, pills, the vaccines, the antibiotics play very vital role in health monitoring, control of diseases and in alleviating the sufferings of the humanity. Right from birth control to enhancement of life expectancy- all have been made possible using the unequivocal services of Chemistry. From simple sterilization surgical instruments with antiseptic solution to Chemotherapy and Genome sequencing are all nothing but applications of Chemistry. Injecting cows,...

...Chapter 4
The Chemical Basis of Life
Introduction
 Your body is an elaborate chemical system.
 Chemical signals between brain less enable your mind to understand what you see.
 You nourish those cells with chemicals that are obtained from food.
 Life is all about chemicals and how they interact
Concept 4.1
Life requires about 25 chemical elements
Elements
 Humans and other organisms are examples of matter.
Matter: Anything that occupies space and has mass. (Physical things)
 The various forms of matter are composed of one or more chemical elements.
Element: A pure substance that cannot be broken down into smaller substances by chemical means
 There are 25 elements are essential to life. Four of these elements are Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Nitrogen (N). These make up about 96% of the living matter in your body. Calcium (CA), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), sulfur (S), and a few other elements account for most of the remaining 4%.
Trace Elements: elements that make up less that 0.01 percent of your body mass are nevertheless critical to your health.
Compounds
 Most elements can interact with other elements forming complex types of matter called compounds.
Compound: A substance containing two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed...

...salts in chemistry.
Salts are ionic compounds that can result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. They are composed of related numbers of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is electrically neutral (without a net charge).
Salts can appear to be clear and transparent (sodium chloride), opaque, and even metallic and lustrous (iron disulfide). In many cases the apparent opacity or transparency are only related to the difference in size of the individual monocrystals.
Now examples of using salts in our dailylife with some description.
Colors in fireworks are usually generated by pyrotechnic stars—usually just called stars—which produce intense light when ignited. Stars contain five basic types of ingredients.
A fuel which allows the star to burn
An oxidizer— a compound which chemically oxidizes the fuel, necessary for combustion
Color-producing chemicals
A binder which holds the compound together.
A chlorine donor which provides chlorine to strengthen the color of the flame. Sometimes the oxidizer can serve this purpose.
Some of the more common color-producing compounds are tabulated here. The color of a compound in a firework will be the same as its color in a flame test (shown at right). Not all compounds that produce a colored flame are appropriate for coloring fireworks, however. Ideal colorants will produce a pure, intense color when present in moderate...

...Some Chemical Reactions in Everyday Life
Science being a subject of common interest, it is very intriguing to analyze visual experiments happening in day-to-day life. There are a plethora of products that you use everyday, which are formulated with application of chemical reaction. Say for example; toothpaste, soap, shampoo, cleaning agent, etc. are all results of chemical reactions. Following are some of the most profound chemical reactions, which we encounter in everyday life :
Aerobic Respiration
Do you know indulging in physical movements is associated with a chemical reaction? The process requires energy, which is yielded by aerobic respiration. Over here, respiration helps breaks down glucose (an energy source) into water, carbon dioxide and energy in form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The balanced cellular respiration equation is represented as:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2+ 6H2O + Energy (36 ATPs)
Anaerobic Respiration
Due to overexercising, sometimes our body cells run out of oxygen and respire anaerobically. This cause synthesis of lactic acid and cause muscle cramps. Anaerobic respiration is observed in some bacteria, yeast and other organisms. In contrary to the aerobic type, it breaks down glucose in the absence of oxygen, resulting in production of ethanol, carbon dioxide and energy. Anaerobic...

...respiratory depression. This is when ventilation is inadequate and cannot perform the needed gas exchange.
Gastric lavage- This means having to pump someone’s stomach or irrigate it. The doctor would put a flexible tube down the throat and would suck out the contents and rinse out the stomach with a saline solution.
Oxygen saturation- this is the amount of oxygen in the hemoglobin in the body. Or the percentage of hemoglobin binding site in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen.
2. How many elements are contained in a molecule of Tetrodatoxin? What are the names of these elements?
There are four different elements and they are 11 carbon, 17 hydrogen, 3 nitrogen and 8 oxygen.
3. What types of chemical bonds are found in this molecule? Describe the structure of those bonds.
The chemical bonds found are covalent bonds, which are bonds that share electrons.
4. As mentioned in the case description, tetrodotoxin is a molecule that blocks voltage-gated sodium ion channels. Describe the structure of a sodium ion.
A sodium ion is a sodium ion that has been oxidized, which means losing one electron and gaining a positive charge. The structure of a sodium ion is an atom with 11 protons in its nucleus and 10 electrons in its orbital’s.
5. What is a voltage- gated sodium ion channel? What is it made of? What is its function?
A sodium channel is a place where the membrane on a nerve cell can open up and let sodium ion in. In a voltage gated sodium...