With a long history of traditional use, Medicinal Spice Oils have proven themselves time and again as safe yet potent healers and preventers of disease. Modern science has verified these traditional uses. See articles and research below on the following:

Welcome to the Pure-le Natural Health Glossary. A thorough and complete guide to conditions and terminology used in natural and allopathic medicine. We have compiled a list of frequently used health, natural health and allopathic terms and have defined them in clear and simple everyday language.

Term

Synonyms

Definition

T2

A tumour of a certain size, defined by convention according
to the location and type of tumour.

T cell

A type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) that is part
of the body's immune system.

T cell leukemia

A type of leukemia caused by a virus in which T-lymphocytes
divide uncontrollably.

T cell lymphoma

A cancer of the immune system that appears in the skin;
also called mycosis fungoides.

Tachycardia

Abnormally rapid heart rate (more than 100 beats per
minute).

Tachypnea

Rapid breathing.

Tamoxifen

A hormonally related drug that has been used to treat
breast cancer and is being tested as a possible preventive.

Tamponade

Compression of a part or an organ, such as pericardial
tamponade in which pericardial fluid compresses the heart.

Tannin

A component of some plants which has astringent properties.

Tapeworm

A parasitic worm that lives in the intestines; causes
diarrhea and abdominal discomfort.

Tar

The sticky, brown substance in cigarettes that coats
the lungs; causes lung and other cancers.

Tarsorrhaphy

A procedure in which the eyelids are sewn shut; performed
to protect the corneas.

Tartar

Dental calculus or plaque.

TB

See Tuberculosis.

Tay-Sachs disease

A recessive genetic disorder common among Ashkenazi Jews
in which the enzyme needed to break down certain lipids is absent.

Team management

Describes a treatment approach in which medical care
is provided by a team of multidiciplinary health proffessionals (physician,
nurse educator, homeopath, naturopath, herbalist, dietitian, behavioral
scientist) working together with the patient.

Tear duct

A tiny passageway that drains lubricating tears from
the surface of the eye to the back of the nose.

Technophobia

Fear of technology.

Telangiectasia

A redness of an area of skin, caused by enlargement and
proliferation of the underlying small blood vessel.

Teletherapy

Treatment in which the radiation source is at a distance
from the body. Linear accelerators and cobalt machines are used in teletherapy.

Temperature

The temperature is the specific degree of hotness or
coldness of the body. It is usually measured with a thermometer.

Temperature method

A natural method of family planning in which a woman
determines her time of ovulation by changes in her daily temperature.

Temporal arteritis

The inflammation and narrowing of arteries in the head
and neck, including those in the scalp near the temple, which can cause
blindness if untreated

Temporal lobes

Areas located on each side of the brain that are important
in processing memory information as well as hearing and some language function.

Temporomandibular joint

TMJ

The joint between the lower jaw and the temporal bone
of the skull.

Temporomandibular joint syndrome

Headache, facial pain, and jaw tenderness caused by irregularities
in the way the joints, muscles, and ligaments in the jaw work together.

Tendinitis

The inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury,
characterized by pain, tenderness, and sometimes limited movement in the
attached muscle

Tendon

Connective tissue that joins muscle to bone.

Tendon transfer

The surgical cutting and repositioning of a tendon so
that the muscle attached to it has a new function

Tenesmus

Urgent feeling of having to have a bowel movement or
to urinate.

Tennis elbow

A form of tendinitis that causes pain and tenderness
in the elbow and forearm.

Tenosynovitis

An inflammation of the inner lining of the sheath that
covers a tendon.

Tenovaginitis

An inflammation of the fibrous wall of the sheath that
covers a tendon.

TENS

See Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Tension headache

A headache caused by emotional strain or tension in the
muscles of the head and neck.

Teratogens

Agents that cause congenital defects in a developing
embryo or fetus.

Teratoma

A tumor composed of cells not normally found in the part
of the body when the tumor occurred .

The range of doses of a drug that will produce beneficial
results without side effects.

Thiazide

A type of drug used to reduce sodium retention in the
body and promote fluid loss.

Thoracentesis

Removal of fluid in the pleura through a needle.

Thoracic

Having to do with the chest (thorax).

Thoracoscopy

The range of doses of a drug that will produce beneficial
results without side effects.

Thoracotomy

A procedure in which the chest is surgically opened to
operate on an organ in the chest cavity.

Thorax

The portion of the anatomy below the neck and above the
diaphragm; the chest.

Thrills

Vibrations due to abnormal blood flow.

Thrombectomy

The removal of a blood clot.

Thrombin

An enzyme crucial to the process of blood coagulation.

Thrombocytes

Microscopic particles involved in the clotting process;
platelets.

Thrombocytopenic purpura

A decrease in the number of platelets in the blood, causing
abnormal bleeding of blood vessels into the skin.

Thromboembolism

The blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot fragment
that has broken off and traveled from another area of the body.

Thrombolysis

The dissolution of blood clots.

Thrombophlebitis

Clotting of blood and inflammation in a vein.

Thrombosis

Formation of blood clots.

Thrombus

Blood clot.

Thrush

Fungus infection of the mouth.

Thymoma

A tumor of the thymus gland.

Thymus

A gland located in the upper chest that produces T cells,
essential in the body's immune response.

Thymus gland

An immune system gland located in the upper part of the
chest that plays an important role in the production of T-lymphocytes.

Thyroglossal cyst

A swelling at the front of the neck; forms from a duct
that fails to disappear during embryonic development.

Thyroid gland

Endocrine gland in the neck that produces the hormones
thyroxine and calcitonin.

Thyroiditis

An inflammation of the thyroid gland.

Thyroid stimulating hormone

TSH

A chemical messenger regulating thyroid activity and
produced by the pituitary gland, in excessive amounts when the thyroid gland
fails to respond because of underactivity.

Thyrotoxicosis

A toxic condition resulting from overactivity of the
thyroid gland.

Thyroxine

Thyroxin

Thyroid hormone that controls the pace of chemical activity
in the body.

TIA

See Transient ischemic attack.

Tibia

The larger of the two bones in the lower leg; the shin
bone.

Tibial osteotomy

Surgical removal of a short segment or wedge of the shin-bone
in order to shorten it or alter its angulation.

Tibialis anterior muscle

A shin muscle which pulls up the great toe.

Tic

An involuntary muscular contraction; a twitch or movement.

Tic douloureux

See Trigeminal neuralgia.

Ticks

Small, eight-legged animals that can attach to humans
and animals and feed on blood; sometimes spread infectious organisms via
their bites

Tietze's syndrome

An inflammation of the cartilage that joins ribs to the
breastbone, causing chest pain.

Tincture

A medication that is an alcoholic solution of an extract
of a vegetable or animal substance or a chemical.

Tinea

Ringworm

A group of common infections occurring on the skin, hair,
and nails that are caused by a fungus.

Tinnitus

Ringing of the ears

A persistent ringing or buzzing sound in the ear.

Tipped uterus

An abnormal condition in which the uterus is tilted backward
instead of slightly forward.

Tissue

A collection of similar cells that form a body structure.

Tissue plasminogen activator

A substance produced by the body and as a genetically
engineered drug to prevent abnormal blood clotting.

Tissue typing

The tests used to determine the compatibility of tissues
used in grafts and transplants.

T-lymphocyte

A type of white blood cell that fights infections and
destroys abnormal cells directly; as compared with releasing antibodies
to fight infection.

T-lymphocyte killer cell

A type of T-lymphocyte white blood cell that attaches
to abnormal cells and releases chemicals that destroy them.

TMJ syndrome

See Temporomandibular joint syndrome

Tocolysis

The therapeutic interruption of premature labour.

Tocolytic medications

Medications used to inhibit labor.

Tolerance

The decreased sensitivity of the body to a certain drug,
usually either because the liver becomes more efficient at breaking down
the drug or the body's tissues become less sensitive to it; increased tolerance
creates a need for a higher dose of the drug in order to have the same effects.

Tonic

Medicinal preparations used to restore normal tone to
tissues or to stimulate the appetite.

Tonometry

The procedure used to measure the pressure within the
eye; is useful in detecting glaucoma.

Tonsillectomy

The surgical removal of the tonsils, usually to treat
tonsillitis.

Tonsillitis

The infection and inflammation of the tonsils.

Tonsils

Two masses of lymphatic tissue, located on either side
of the back of the throat.

Topical

Pertaining to the surface of the body.

Topical chemotherapy

Treatment with anticancer drugs in a lotion or cream.

Topophobia

Stage fright

Fear of performing.

Total parenteral nutrition

Providing the body's nutritional needs by a balanced
mixture of basic constituents supplied by intravenous infusion.

Tourette's syndrome

A movement disorder characterized by involuntary tics
and noises, and in some cases uncontrollable shouting of obscenities.

Tourniquet

A device that is tightened over an extremity to stop
bleeding.

Toxemia

The presence of bacterial toxins in the blood.

Toxic

Poisonous.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

A severe rash in which the outer layers of skin blister
and peel off.

Toxicity

The extent to which a substance is poisonous.

Toxic shock syndrome

A life-threatening condition caused by a staphylococci
toxin.

Toxin

A poisonous substance.

Toxocariasis

Human infestation with the larvae of a worm found in
the intestines of dogs.

Toxoid

A toxin treated so that it is no longer harmful but will
induce antibodies to form. An example is tetanus toxoid.

Toxoplasmosis

An infectious disease caused by a microscopic parasite
found in infected, undercooked meat and the feces of cats.

TPA

See Tissue plasminogen activator

Trachea

The tube that connects the throat (pharynx) to the bronchial
tubes in the lungs; the windpipe.

Tracheitis

An inflammation of the windpipe.

Tracheosophageal puncture

A small opening made by a surgeon between the esophagus
and the trachea. A valve keeps food out of the trachea but lets air into
the esophagus for esophageal speech.

Tracheostomy

Surgery to create an opening (stoma) into the windpipe.
The opening itself may also be called a tracheostomy.

Tracheostomy tube

Trach tube, Trake tube

A 2- to 3-inch metal or plastic tube that keeps the stoma
and trachea open.

Tracheotomy

The insertion of a tube through a surgical opening in
the trachea to maintain an open airway.

Trachoma

A persistent, contagious form of conjunctivitis that
can lead to complications such as blindness if untreated.

Traction

Mechanical pulling on a body part, used in treating certain
fractures and dislocations.

Tranquilizer

Medication used to reduce tension and anxiety.

Transcutaneous

Through the skin

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

A method of relieving pain by applying tiny electrical
impulses to nerve endings beneath the skin.

Transducer

A device that translates pressure, temperature, pulse
or sound to an electrical signal.

Transection

Cutting across, typically a tubular organ.

Transesophageal echocardiography

Echocardiography in which the transducer is placed in
the esophagus to gain clearer images of the heart.

Transferrin

A substance in the blood that transports iron throughout
the body.

Transfusion

Delivery of blood or a blood component into the bloodstream.

Transient ischemic attack

TIA

Symptoms caused by temporary lack of circulation to part
of the brain.

Transitional cell carcinoma

Cancer that develops in the lining of the renal pelvis.
This type of cancer also occurs in the ureter and the bladder.

Transmissible

Able to be passed from one organism to another

Transplantation

The surgical transfer of an organ or tissue from one
position (or person) to another.

Transthoracic needle aspiration

Sampling liquid or semiliquid material through a hollow
needle introduced through the chest wall into the lung.

Transurethral prostatectomy

The removal of cancerous tissue from the prostate gland
using a resectoscope (a long, narrow instrument passed up the urethra),
which allows the surgeon to simultaneously view the prostate and cut away
the cancerous tissue

Transurethral resection

TUR

Surgery performed with a special instrument inserted
through the urethra.

Transvaginal

Through the vagina, such as a transvaginal ultrasound.

Transvaginal ultrasound

TVS

Sound waves sent out by a probe inserted in the vagina.
The waves bounce off the ovaries, and a computer uses the echoes to create
a picture called a sonogram.

Transverse colon

The part of the large bowel between the ascending and
descending colon, lying in the upper abdomen.

Trauma

The process or event leading to an injury or wound.

Travelers' diarrhea

Diarrhea when traveling in a foreign country, caused
by contaminated food or water.

Treatment port

Treatment field

The place on the body at which aradiation beam is aimed.

Tremor

An involuntary trembling.

Triage

A system used to classify sick or injured people according
to the severity of their conditions.

Triceps

Muscle in the upper arm that extends the forearm.

Trichiasis

The growth of the eyelashes inward toward the cornea,
causing persistent irritation of the eyeball.

Trichinosis

Infestation by the larvae of the parasitic worm Trichinella
spiralis, usually acquired by eating undercooked pork

Trichomoniasis

An infection of the vagina by the single-celled parasite
Trichomonas vaginilis, which may cause inflammation, itchiness, and
discharge from the vagina.

Tricuspid valve

Heart valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

Tricyclic antidepressants

Substances used in the treatment of clinical depression.

Trifoliate

A plant having three distinctive leaflets.

Trigeminal nerve

The nerve that delivers sensory stimuli to the brain
from the face, teeth and tongue.

Trigeminal neuralgia

A disorder of the trigeminal nerve (a cranial nerve)
that causes brief attacks of severe pain in the lips, cheeks, gums, or chin
on one side of the face.

Triglyceride

A form of fat that the body can make from sugar, alcohol
or excess calories.

Trimester

One of the three periods of pregnancy, each lasting about
3 months.

Triple X syndrome

The presence of an extra X chromosome in a woman, which
may cause some degree of mental retardation.

Triskaidekaphoba

Fear of the number 13.

Trismus

The medical term for lockjaw.

Trisomy

The presence in the cells of three copies of a certain
chromosome instead of the normal two copies.

Trisomy 21

See Down syndrome

Tropophobia

Fear of moving or making changes.

Truncal obesity

Fat deposited in the thorax and abdomen, instead of the
hips and thighs.

Truss

A device used to hold a hernia or organ in position.

Tubal ligation

The tying and cutting of the fallopian tubes to prevent
the egg from becoming fertilized following sexual intercourse.

Tubal pregnancy

A pregnancy that develops in the fallopian tube rather
than in the uterus. Also called ectopic pregnancy.

Tube

A plastic device surgically placed through the eardrum
for equalising air pressure in the presence of faulty functioning of the
eustachian tube.

Tuber

Blockage of the fallopian tubes, either pathological
(usually by scar tissue following damage from infection), or surgical for
the purpose of sterilisation.

Tuberrculin test

Tuberrculin skin test

Skin tests performed to determine previous infection
with tuberculosis; can help rule out the possibility of being currently
infected with tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis

An infectious bacterial disease transmitted through the
air that mainly affects the lungs.

Tuberous sclerosis

A genetic disorder of the skin and nervous system characterized
by epilepsy, mental retardation, and a skin condition resembling acne.

Tuboplasty

The surgical repair of a damaged fallopian tube to treat
infertility.

Tubule

A small tube or canal, especially in the kidneys.

Tubules

The tubes of the kidney involved in the reabsorption
of fluid and other essential substances such as amino acids, sugar, and
calcium.

Tumor

A new growth of tissue; a neoplasm.

Tumor debulking

Surgically removing as much of the tumor as possible.

Tumor markers

Substances circulating in the blood which are produced
by tumors. The level of the tumor marker may reflect the activity or extent
of the tumor.

Tunnel vision

The loss of peripheral vision so that only objects directly
ahead can be seen; most commonly due to damage caused by increased pressure
within the eye (glaucoma).

Turner's syndrome

A genetic disorder in women in which only one X chromosome
is present, or both chromosomes are present but one is defective.

T waves

Normally upright deflection smaller on electrocardiogram,
following the major (QRS) deflection, and representing electrical repolarisation
of the ventricles of the heart.

Two step procedure

Biopsy and treatment done in two stages, usually a week
or two apart.

Tylenol #3

A moderate strength prescription painkiller consisting
of Acetaminophen and Codeine.

Tympanic membrane

The eardrum.

Tympanoplasty

A surgical procedure used to treat hearing loss in which
the eardrum or structures in the middle ear are repaired.

Tympanostomy

Surgical puncture of the eardrum, for diagnostic or therapeutic
reasons.

Type I diabetes mellitus

Juvenile diabetes, Juvenile-onset diabetes, ketosis-prone
diabetes

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A chronic disease
in which the pancreas makes little or no insulin because the beta cells
have been destroyed, and body cells are unable to use glucose for energy.
Onset is generally abrupt. The symptoms of IDDM include: great thirst, hunger,
frequent urination, and weight loss. To treat the disease, the person must
inject insulin, follow a diet plan, and exercise daily. IDDM usually occurs
in children and in adults under age 30.

Typhoid fever

An acute bacterial infection causing fever, headache,
abdominal discomfort, and enlargement of the liver and spleen.

Typhus

A group of diseases caused by the microorganism rickettsia,
spread by the bites of fleas, mites, or ticks; symptoms include headache,
fever, rash, and a series of complications if untreated.

Tyramine

Chemical component of the body. In normal quantities,
without interference from other chemicals, tyramine helps sustain normal
blood pressure. In the presence of some drugs monamine-oxidase inhibitors
and some rauwolfia compunds tyramine levels can rise and cause toxic or
fatal levels in the blood.

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