Murder, She Wrote is an American crime drama television series starring Angela Lansbury as mystery writer and amateur detective Jessica Fletcher.[4][5] The series aired for 12 seasons with 264 episodes from 1984 to 1996 on the CBS network, it was followed by four TV films. Among the most successful and longest-running television shows in history, it averaged close to 26 million viewers per week in its prime, and was a staple of the CBS Sunday night lineup for a decade;[6] in syndication, the series is still highly successful throughout the world.

Lansbury was nominated for ten Golden Globes and 12 Emmy Awards for her work on Murder, She Wrote, she holds the record for the most Golden Globe nominations and wins for Best Actress in a television drama series and the most Emmy nominations for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for Murder, She Wrote, with those nominations netting her four Golden Globe awards. The series received three nominations in the Outstanding Drama Series category at the Emmys, it was nominated for a Golden Globe in the same category six times and won twice.

Series producers Peter S. Fischer, Richard Levinson and William Link thought Lansbury would be perfect for the part of Jessica Fletcher but did not think that she would be interested in a television series. Earlier, she had acted in two film adaptations of Agatha Christie's mystery novels: as Salome Otterbourne in Death on the Nile and as the famous sleuth Miss Marple in The Mirror Crack'd (1980). When the latter film did poorly—despite an all star cast including Rock Hudson, Elizabeth Taylor, Kim Novak, and Tony Curtis—the offer for Lansbury to reprise Miss Marple in three more films never materialized.[9]

When she made it known she would be available if the right project came along, the trio of creators sent her the script and almost immediately, Lansbury felt she could do something with the role of Jessica Fletcher, with Murder, She Wrote debuting on Sunday, September 30, 1984, the producers were able to parlay their "mystery writer/amateur detective" premise into a 12-year hit for CBS. It also made Lansbury, known previously for her motion picture and Broadway stage work, a household name for millions of television viewers, the title comes from Murder, She Said, which was the title of a 1961 film adaptation of Agatha Christie's Miss Marple novel 4:50 from Paddington.

The show revolves around the day-to-day life of Jessica Fletcher, a childless, widowed, retired English teacher who becomes a successful mystery writer, despite fame and fortune, Jessica remains a resident of Cabot Cove, a small coastal community in Maine, and maintains her links with all of her old friends, never letting her success go to her head. Exterior shots of Cabot Cove were filmed in Mendocino, California, the fictional "Cabot Cove" name for the series' coastal town was derived from the name of an actual bay harbor inlet in Kennebunkport, Maine, located near the town's center, on the road where motels and lobster shack dives are located.

The show mostly starts with a preview of the episode's events, with Jessica stating: "Tonight on Murder, She Wrote..." Jessica invariably proves more perceptive than the official investigators of a case, who are almost always willing to arrest the most likely suspect. By carefully piecing the clues together and asking astute questions, she always manages to trap the real murderer. Murder occurred with such regularity in her vicinity that the term "Cabot Cove syndrome" was coined to describe the constant appearance of dead bodies in remote locations. Indeed, if Cabot Cove existed in real life, it would top the FBI's national crime statistics in numerous categories, with some analysis suggesting that the homicide rate in Cabot Cove exceeds even that of the real-life murder capital of the world.[10] Fan theories have even arisen that Jessica herself is murdering these people since there is no better explanation for the sheer number of murders she encounters throughout the long run of the series besides her involvement in all of them.[11]

Jessica's relationship with law enforcement officials varies from place to place. Both sheriffs of Cabot Cove resign themselves to having her meddle in their cases. However, most detectives and police officers do not want her anywhere near their crime scenes, until her accurate deductions convince them to listen to her, some are happy to have her assistance from the start, often because they are fans of her books. With time, she makes friends in many police departments across the U.S., as well as with a British police officer attached to Scotland Yard. At the start of season eight, more of the stories were set in New York City with Jessica moving into an apartment there part-time in order to teach criminology.

Some programmes appeared to allegorise contemporaneous events, for example, the Season 5 (1988-89) Episode (No. 102) "From Russia With Blood" could represent the Soviet Union's beginnings on introducing Glasnost and Perestroika.[12]

By August 1988, when Lansbury expressed weariness of her commitment, the series was expected to end in May 1989. Nevertheless, she continued in the role, with a few changes made, for the next two seasons, Lansbury reduced her appearances in several episodes, only appearing at the beginning and the end, to introduce stories starring several friends of Jessica, like PI Harry McGraw, reformed thief Dennis Stanton or MI5 agent Michael Hagarty. The "experiment" ended in 1991.[13]

By the end of the 1994–95 season, Murder, She Wrote's 11th season, CBS moved the network's then-longest-running weekly series to Thursday nights at 8 p.m. This put the series in direct competition with the first hour of NBC's Must See TV lineup, which had been drawing the highest ratings of the week for any network for years, despite protests of many of the show's fans (who believed CBS was intentionally setting the show up to fail in its new timeslot), CBS refused to budge on the new timeslot. Murder, She Wrote plummeted from eighth to 58th in the yearly ratings; the series lost nearly 6 million viewers as the audience was not willing to follow it to Thursday, which left CBS with little choice but to end Murder, She Wrote after 12 seasons in August 1996.

To soften the blow, the network agreed to air the final four episodes in its original Sunday night timeslot, as well as commission four Murder, She Wrote movies over the next few years: the first was South by Southwest (1997), with three more following as A Story to Die For (2000), The Last Free Man (2001), and The Celtic Riddle (2003).[14]

Lansbury stated in May 2011 that she would like to make a comeback appearance as Jessica Fletcher.[15]

However, in a 2015 interview, Lansbury quashed the idea of reprising the much beloved character stating, "I think it would be a downer; in some way, we’d have to show her as a much older woman, and I think it’s better to maintain that picture we have in our mind’s eye of her as a vigorous person. I’m still pretty vigorous, especially in the garden … but if I wanted to transform myself back into the woman I looked like then, it would be ridiculous. And I can't do that."[16] She then expressed interest in revisiting the character again in 2017.[17]

Angela Lansbury as Jessica Fletcher (1984–1996; 264 episodes), a retired English teacher who, after being widowed in her early 50s, becomes a very successful mystery writer.

William Windom as Dr. Seth Hazlitt (1985–1996; 49 episodes), the local doctor of Cabot Cove and one of Jessica's best friends and most intrepid supporters. There is a hint that Dr. Hazlitt may want to be more than a platonic friend but this possibility was never explored; in the season one finale, Windom portrayed Sam Breen, a lawyer who jointly murdered the victim in that episode.

Tom Bosley as Sheriff Amos Tupper (1984–1988; 19 episodes), Cabot Cove's sheriff at the start of the series. Tupper later retires and goes to live with his sister.

Ron Masak as Sheriff Mort Metzger (1988–1996; 38 episodes), a former NYPD officer who takes Tupper's place as sheriff in the mistaken belief that he would be living in a more peaceful place. His unseen wife, Adele, a former Marine capable of prodigious acts of strength, teaches self-defense classes; in an earlier episode, Masak portrayed a different character, a store owner in trouble with the IRS, trying to get out of trouble by selling his business. He also portrayed a police officer investigating the murder of an author in another season one episode.

Michael Horton as Grady Fletcher (1984–1995; 12 episodes), Jessica's not-so-lucky favorite nephew, who (through no fault of his own) always seems to get in trouble with the law. After many romantic disasters, he gets married later in the series; in real life, Horton is married to actress Debbie Zipp, who played Grady's eventual wife Donna Mayberry in several episodes. (The two were married before working together on Murder, She Wrote.)

Richard Paul as Sam Booth (1986–1991; 7 episodes), the genial, ineffectual mayor of Cabot Cove whose main campaign promise is that he will do nothing, and that's exactly why the people of Cabot Cove vote for him.

Julie Adams as Eve Simpson (1987–1993; 10 episodes), the Cabot Cove realtor with a great love for men, both single and married, and for gossiping.

Keith Michell as Dennis Stanton (1988–1993; 9 episodes), a suave English former jewel thief turned insurance claims investigator, who always solves his cases using unusual methods, and often sends a copy of the story to Jessica afterwards. Stanton's assistant, Rhoda, who appeared in most or all of the Stanton-related episodes, was played by Hallie Todd. Many of the episodes starring Michell do not involve Jessica, and usually begin with her introducing the story to the audience invoking the fourth wall.

The Third Season episode of Murder, She Wrote entitled "Magnum on Ice" concludes a crossover that began on the Seventh Season Magnum, P.I. episode "Novel Connection". In the episode's plot, Jessica comes to Hawaii to investigate an attempt to murder Robin Masters' guests, then tries to clear Magnum when he's accused of killing the hitman, the Magnum P.I. episode originally aired on 11/19/86 with the concluding Murder, She Wrote episode following four days later on 11/23/86.[citation needed]

Over its twelve-year run Murder, She Wrote received numerous award nominations. Lansbury herself holds the record for the most Emmy nominations for outstanding lead actress in a drama series with twelve, one for each season, she never won, which is also a record. Mary Dodson, the art director for 102 of the series' 264 episodes, received three Emmy nominations for her work on Murder, She Wrote.[18]

Murder, She Wrote maintained extremely high ratings finishing in the top 15 of shows for eleven of its 12 seasons (eight of which it was in the top 10), even well into its late seasons. By its 11th season, Murder, She Wrote was still averaging 25 million viewers per week. However, at the beginning of its 12th season in 1995, CBS moved the show from its extremely popular Sunday night time slot to Thursday night forcing it to compete with NBC's Must See TV line up, and as a result the ratings plummeted, the show rated as the following:

Deadline Hollywood reported in October 2013 that NBC was planning a reboot of the series, starring Oscar-winning actress Octavia Spencer as a "hospital administrator and amateur sleuth who self-publishes her first mystery novel."[32]

Lansbury commented that she was not a fan of using the title, saying "I think it's a mistake to call it 'Murder, She Wrote,' because 'Murder, She Wrote' will always be about Cabot Cove and this wonderful little group of people who told those lovely stories and enjoyed a piece of that place, and also enjoyed Jessica Fletcher, who is a rare and very individual kind of person." Early on it was decided by producers that Spencer's character would not be named Jessica Fletcher, for only Lansbury could play Jessica Fletcher.[33] It was announced on January 21, 2014, that the reboot would not be going forward.[34]

In 1985, Warren Company released a Murder, She Wrote board game; in the game, one player takes the hidden role of a killer and the other players try to determine which player is the killer through deduction. The killer is successful if he or she can kill five of the characters on the game-board and escape, while the detective players win by correctly deducing the identity of the killer.

In December 2009, casual game developer and publisher Legacy Interactive, under license with Universal Pictures Digital Platforms Group (UPDPG), announced the release a PC and Macintosh video game based on the television series; in the game, players help Jessica Fletcher to solve five unusual murders.[38][39] A sequel, Murder She Wrote 2, was launched by Legacy Interactive in November 2012.[40]

^While "Murder and No Melodies" is the literal translation, the translation is a word play, alluding to the Swedish idiom "Ord och inga visor" ("Words and no melodies"), with the idiomatic meaning "plain speaking" or "hard, honest words".

1.
Detective fiction
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Detective fiction is a subgenre of crime fiction and mystery fiction in which an investigator or a detective—either professional or amateur—investigates a crime, often murder. Some scholars have suggested that ancient and religious texts bear similarities to what would later be called detective fiction. In the Old Testament story of Susanna and the Elders, the account told by two breaks down when Daniel cross-examines them. In the play Oedipus Rex by Ancient Greek playwright Sophocles, the character discovers the truth about his origins after questioning various witnesses. The earliest known example of a story was The Three Apples, one of the tales narrated by Scheherazade in the One Thousand. In this story, a fisherman discovers a heavy, locked chest along the Tigris river and he sells it to the Abbasid Caliph, when Harun breaks open the chest, he finds inside it, the dead body of a young woman who has been cut into pieces. Harun then orders his vizier, Jafar ibn Yahya, to solve the crime, suspense is generated through multiple plot twists that occur as the story progresses. This may thus be considered an archetype for detective fiction, the main difference between Jafar and later fictional detectives, such as Sherlock Holmes and Hercule Poirot, is that Jafar has no actual desire to solve the case. The whodunit mystery is solved when the murderer himself confesses his crime and this in turn leads to another assignment in which Jafar has to find the culprit who instigated the murder within three days or else be executed. Gongan fiction （公案小说, literally：case records of a public law court）is the earliest known genre of Chinese detective fiction, some well known stories include the Yuan Dynasty story Circle of Chalk, the Ming Dynasty story collection Bao Gong An and the 18th century Di Gong An story collection. The latter was translated into English as Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee by Dutch sinologist Robert Van Gulik, the hero/detective of these novels is typically a traditional judge or similar official based on historical personages such as Judge Bao or Judge Dee. Although the historical characters may have lived in an earlier period most stories are written in the latter Ming or Qing period, Van Gulik chose Di Gong An to translate because it was in his view closer to the Western tradition and more likely to appeal to non-Chinese readers. One notable fact is that a number of Gong An works may have been lost or destroyed during the Literary Inquisitions and the wars in ancient China. Only little or incomplete case volumes can be found, for example, One of the earliest examples of detective fiction is Voltaires Zadig, which features a main character who performs feats of analysis. Things as They Are, or, The Adventures of Caleb Williams by William Godwin shows the law as protecting the murderer, das Fräulein von Scuderi, an 1819 short story by E. T. A. Auguste Dupin. Poe devised a plot formula thats been successful ever since, give or take a few shifting variables, Poe followed with further Auguste Dupin tales, The Mystery of Marie Rogêt in 1843 and The Purloined Letter in 1845. Poe referred to his stories as tales of ratiocination, early detective stories tended to follow an investigating protagonist from the first scene to the last, making the unraveling a practical rather than emotional matter. The Mystery of Marie Rogêt is particularly interesting because it is a fictionalized account based on Poes theory of what happened to the real-life Mary Cecilia Rogers

2.
Angela Lansbury
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Dame Angela Brigid Lansbury, DBE is a British-American-Irish actress who has appeared in theatre, television and film, as well as a producer, singer and songwriter. Her career has spanned seven decades, much of it in the United States, Lansbury was born to a middle-class family in central London, the daughter of actress Moyna Macgill and politician Edgar Lansbury. To escape the Blitz, in 1940 she moved to the United States with her mother and two younger brothers, and studied acting in New York City. Proceeding to Hollywood in 1942, she signed to MGM and obtained her first film roles, in Gaslight and The Picture of Dorian Gray, earning her two Oscar nominations and a Golden Globe Award. She appeared in eleven further MGM films, mostly in minor roles, although largely seen as a B-list star during this period, her appearance in the film The Manchurian Candidate received widespread acclaim and is cited as being one of her finest performances. Moving into musical theatre, Lansbury finally gained stardom for playing the role in the Broadway musical Mame. Amid difficulties in her life, Lansbury moved from California to County Cork, Ireland, in 1970. These included leading roles in the stage musicals Gypsy, Sweeney Todd, through Corymore Productions, a company that she co-owned with her husband Peter Shaw, Lansbury assumed ownership of the series and was its executive producer for the final four seasons. She also moved into voice work, thereby contributing to animated films such as Disneys Beauty, since then, she has toured in a variety of international theatrical productions and continued to make occasional film appearances. In 2014, Lansbury was made a Dame by Queen Elizabeth II in a ceremony at Windsor Castle for services to drama, charitable work, Lansbury has received an Honorary Oscar and has won five Tony Awards, six Golden Globes, an Olivier Award, and one Grammy Award. She has also nominated for numerous other industry awards, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress on three occasions, and various Primetime Emmy Awards on eighteen occasions. She has been the subject of three biographies, Lansbury was born to an upper middle class family on October 16,1925. Although her birthplace has often given as Poplar, East London, she has rejected this, asserting that while she had ancestral connections to Poplar, she was born in Regents Park. Her mother was Belfast-born actress Moyna Macgill, who appeared on stage in the West End. Her father was the wealthy English timber merchant and politician Edgar Lansbury and her paternal grandfather was the Labour Party leader and anti-war activist George Lansbury, a man whom she felt awed by and considered a giant in my youth. Angela had a half sister, Isolde, who was the offspring of Moynas previous marriage to writer. When Lansbury was nine, her father died from stomach cancer, in 2014, Lansbury described this event as the defining moment of my life. Nothing before or since has affected me so deeply and she nevertheless considered herself largely self-educated, learning from books, theatre and cinema

3.
William Windom (actor)
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William Windom was an American actor. He was perhaps best known for his work on television, including two episodes of The Twilight Zone, Windom was born in New York City, the son of Isobel Wells and Paul Windom, an architect. He was the great-grandson of the United States Secretary of the Treasury of the same name. He served in the United States Army in the European Theater of Operations in World War II, as a paratrooper with Company B, 1st Battalion 508th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division. Windoms first motion picture role was as Mr. Gilmer, the prosecutor of Tom Robinson in the 1962 Academy Award-winning To Kill a Mockingbird. Windom appeared in 1961 All Is Forgiven episode of The Donna Reed Show as Ed Corwin, in 1968, he starred with Frank Sinatra in The Detective, playing a homophobic killer. The role received great reviews from The New York Times, after the cancellation of the series, Windom toured the country for a time in a one-man Thurber show. After the run was completed, Windom filmed the pilot for a new series Is there a Doctor in the House and he was a regular for a decade on the series Murder, She Wrote with Angela Lansbury as mystery writer Jessica Fletcher. His initial appearance in the role was in October 1985, the producers enjoyed his work, and consequently invited him to return at the beginning of the second season to take on the role permanently. He briefly left the show to work on series in 1990. He died on August 16,2012, at the age of 88 at his home in Woodacre, California and he was survived by four of his children – Rachel, Heather, Hope and Rebel – and four grandchildren. William Windom at the Internet Movie Database William Windom at the Internet Broadway Database William Windom at AllMovie William Windom at Memory Alpha In Memory of William Windom

4.
Tom Bosley
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Thomas Edward Bosley was an American actor, voice artist, television personality, and entertainer. Bosley is best known for portraying Howard Cunningham on the long-running ABC sitcom Happy Days, and he also was featured in a recurring role on Murder, She Wrote. He originated the role of the Pulitzer Prize–winning Broadway musical Fiorello. Earning the 1960 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical, Bosley was born in Chicago, the son of Dora and Benjamin Bosley. Although well known for playing a Catholic priest and Protestant patriarchs and he attended Lake View High School in Chicago. During World War II, Bosley served in the United States Navy, while attending DePaul University, a Catholic university in Chicago, in 1947, he made his stage debut in Our Town with the Canterbury Players at the Fine Arts Theatre. Bosley performed at the Woodstock Opera House in Woodstock, Illinois, Bosley played the Knave of Hearts in a Hallmark Hall of Fame telecast of Eva Le Galliennes production of Alice in Wonderland in 1955. But his breakthrough role was New York mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia in the long-running Broadway musical Fiorello. for which he won a Tony Award, in 1994, he originated the role of Maurice in the Broadway version of Disneys Beauty and the Beast. Bosley toured as Capn Andy in Harold Princes 1994 revival of Show Boat and his first motion picture role was in 1963, as the would-be suitor of Natalie Wood in Love with the Proper Stranger. Other films include The World of Henry Orient, Divorce American Style, Yours, Mine and Ours, Gus, Bosley shared a heartfelt story about his own experience with the Holocaust in the documentary film Paper Clips. Among his early appearances was in 1960 on the CBS summer replacement series, Diagnosis, Unknown. In 1962, he portrayed Assistant District Attorney Ryan in the episode The Man Who Wanted to Die on James Whitmores ABC legal drama The Law, also in 1962, Bosley played Teddy opposite Tony Randall and Boris Karloff in Arsenic & Old Lace for the Hallmark Hall of Fame. About this time, he was a guest star on the NBC police sitcom, Car 54, Where Are You. He also appeared on episodes of Bonanza, Bewitched, Get Smart, The Silent Force, The Streets of San Francisco, Night Gallery, A Touch of Grace, in 1969, Bosley appeared in a comical episode of The Virginian. Bosleys best-known role was the character Howard Cunningham in the long-running sitcom Happy Days and he portrayed Sheriff Amos Tupper on Murder, She Wrote and the eponymous Father Frank Dowling on Father Dowling Mysteries. Among myriad television appearances, one notable early performance was in the Eyes segment of the 1969 pilot of Rod Serlings Night Gallery, directed by Steven Spielberg, in 1977 he appeared in the miniseries Testimony of Two Men and, in 1978. He played the role of Benjamin Franklin in the television mini-series The Bastard, Bosley starred in the 2008 Hallmark Channel television movie Charlie & Me

5.
Ron Masak
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Ron Masak is an American actor. He began as a performer, and much of his work is in theater. In 1968 he appeared alongside Vince Lombardi in the film, Second Effort. That same year, he appeared in a supporting role in the submarine action film Ice Station Zebra. His first screen role was as the Harmonica Man in The Purple Testament, Masak appeared as Mike the boxer on The Flying Nun, season 1, episode 26, which first aired March 13,1968. Masak appeared as Officer #2 on Bewitched, Season 7, Episode 4 and he also had a guest appearance as Beauregard Jackson in the episode Hurricane on Land of the Lost. In 1981 Masak guest starred on the Magnum, P. I. episode Skin Deep and he also guest starred in Quincy, M. E. Meyer and in No Accounting for Murder as Marty Giles. In the 1980s and early 1990s, he was dubbed The King of Commercials for his commercials, including voice-over work. From 1982 to 1983 he did the voice of Meatballs on the CBS cartoon series Meatballs & Spaghetti and he also did the voice for Veteran Holt in the video-game Medal of Honor, European Assault. In 1990 Masak was a panelist on the revival of the game show, To Tell the Truth. He has been married to Kay Knebes since 1961, and they have six children, Ice Station Zebra as Paul Zabrinczski Second Effort as Ron Daddys Gone A-Hunting as Paul Fleming A Time for Dying as Sam, the Bartender Tora. Tora. as Lt. J. D. Hill The Making of Bret Michaels as Himself The Benchwarmers as Principal My Trip Back to the Dark Side as Mr. James Griffin Ron Masak at the Internet Movie Database

6.
Universal Television
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Universal Television is the television production subsidiary of the NBCUniversal Television Group and, by extension, the production arm of the NBC television network. It was formerly known as Revue Studios, MCA/Universal, NBC Studios, NBC Universal Television Studio, both NBC Studios and Universal Network Television are predecessors of Universal Media Studios. Revue Productions was founded in 1943 by MCA to produce live radio shows, Revue was re-launched as MCAs television production subsidiary in 1950. The partnership of NBC and Revue extends as far back as September 6,1950, with the television broadcast of Armour Theatre, MCA bought the Universal Studios lot in 1958 and was renamed Revue Studios. Following its merger with Decca Records, the then-parent of Universal Pictures, during the early years of television, Revue was responsible for producing and/or distributing many television classics. The most noteworthy included Leave It to Beaver, which ran for one season on CBS before going to ABC from 1958 until 1963. It produced Bachelor Father, for Bachelor Productions, Edmond OBriens syndicated crime drama Johnny Midnight, another of its offerings was the 52-episode Crusader, the first Brian Keith series, which ran on CBS 1955–1956. Also McHales Navy was produced by Revue from 1962 to 1966, in December 1958 MCA/Revue purchased Universal Studioss 367 acre backlot to produce television series, then leased it back to Universal for a million dollars a year for a decade. Wagon Train was the only Revue-produced TV show ever to finish an American television season in first place, NBC Productions was founded in 1947 by RCA. In 1996, the company was renamed NBC Studios, in 2004, NBC Studios was merged with Universal Network Television to form NBC Universal Television Studio. MCA TV was founded in 1951, several years before parent MCAs purchase of the US branch of Decca Records, for more than four decades, it was one of the most active syndicators of television programming. MCA Television and Paramount Domestic Television had formed Premier Advertiser Sales, as a possible outgrowth of this sales joint venture, MCA and Paramount began plans for a new network, Premier Program Service. MCA Television Entertainment was formed in 1987 and it primarily dealt with made-for-TV movies and series like Dream On that were made for cable networks like HBO. Like MCA TV, in 1996 it was renamed Universal Television Entertainment, EMKA, Ltd. is the holding company responsible for a majority of the pre-1950 Paramount Pictures sound library. As an official part of the Universal Pictures library, they are part of the television unit. The first incarnation of Universal Television was reincorporated from Revue Productions in 1966,4 years after MCA bought Universal Pictures, uni TV also co-produced many shows with Jack Webbs Mark VII Limited such as Emergency. Adam-12 and a revival of the 1951 series Dragnet. I, which received critical acclaim and several TV movie spin-offs after their cancellations. In 1990, MCA/Uni TV began the Law & Order franchise, in 1996, MCA was reincorporated as Universal Studios

7.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time

8.
35 mm film
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35 mm film is the film gauge most commonly used for motion pictures and chemical still photography. The name of the gauge refers to the width of the photographic film, the standard negative pulldown for movies is four perforations per frame along both edges, which results in 16 frames per foot of film. For still photography, the frame has eight perforations on each side. This resulted in cameras, projectors, and other equipment having to be calibrated to each gauge, the 35 mm width, originally specified as 1.375 inches, was introduced in 1892 by William Dickson and Thomas Edison, using film stock supplied by George Eastman. The gauge has been versatile in application, Eastman Kodak, Fujifilm and Agfa-Gevaert are some companies which offered 35 mm films. Today Kodak is the last remaining manufacturer of motion picture film and it is difficult to compare the quality of film to digital media but a good estimate would be about 20.8 million total pixels would equal one 35 millimeter high quality color frame of film. In 1880, George Eastman began to manufacture gelatin dry plates in Rochester. Along with W. H. Walker, Eastman invented a holder for a roll of picture-carrying gelatin layer coated paper, hannibal Goodwins invention of nitrocellulose film base in 1887 was the first transparent, flexible film. With the advent of film, Thomas Alva Edison quickly set out on his invention, the Kinetoscope. The Kinetoscope was a loop system intended for one-person viewing. Edison, along with assistant W. K. L. Dickson, followed that up with the Kinetophone, beginning in March 1892, Eastman and then, from April 1893 into 1896, New Yorks Blair Camera Co. supplied Edison with film stock. Edisons aperture defined a single frame of film at 4 perforations high, a court judgment in March 1902 invalidated Edisons claim, allowing any producer or distributor to use the Edison 35 mm film design without license. Filmmakers were already doing so in Britain and Europe, where Edison had failed to file patents, at the time, film stock was usually supplied unperforated and punched by the filmmaker to their standards with perforation equipment. A variation developed by the Lumière Brothers used a circular perforation on each side of the frame towards the middle of the horizontal axis.33 aspect ratio. Spehr describes the importance of these developments, The early acceptance of 35 mm as a standard had momentous impact on the development and spread of cinema. The film format was introduced into still photography as early as 1913 but first became popular with the launch of the Leica camera, created by Oskar Barnack in 1925. The costly image-forming silver compounds in a film stocks emulsion meant from the start that 35 mm filmmaking was to be a hobby with a high barrier to entry for the public at large. Furthermore, the film base of all early film stock was highly flammable

9.
1080i
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1080i is an abbreviation referring to a combination of frame resolution and scan type, used in high-definition television and high-definition video. The number 1080 refers to the number of lines on the screen. The term assumes a widescreen ratio of 16,9, so the 1080 lines of vertical resolution implies 1920 columns of horizontal resolution. A1920 pixels ×1080 lines screen has a total of 2.1 megapixels and this format is used in the SMPTE 292M standard. The choice of 1080 lines originates with Charles Poynton, who in the early 1990s pushed for square pixels to be used in HD video formats, within the designation 1080i, the i stands for interlaced scan. A frame of 1080i video consists of two fields of 1920 horizontal and 540 vertical pixels. The first field consists of all odd-numbered TV lines and the second all even numbered lines, 1080i differs from 1080p, where the p stands for progressive scan, where all lines in a frame are captured at the same time. In native or pure 1080i, the two fields of a frame correspond to different instants, so motion portrayal is good and this is true for interlaced video in general and can be easily observed in still images taken of fast motion scenes. However, when 1080p material is captured at 25 or 30 frames/second, it is converted to 1080i at 50 or 60 fields/second, respectively, in this situation both fields in a frame do correspond to the same instant. The field-to-instant relation is more complex for the case of 1080p at 24 frames/second converted to 1080i at 60 fields/second. Both field rates can be carried by digital television broadcast formats such as ATSC, DVB. The frame rate can be implied by the context, while the rate is generally specified after the letter i. In this case 1080i60 refers to 60 fields per second, the European Broadcasting Union prefers to use the resolution and frame rate separated by a slash, as in 1080i/30 and 1080i/25, likewise 480i/30 and 576i/25. Resolutions of 1080i60 or 1080i50 often refers to 1080i/30 or 1080i/25 in EBU notation, 1080i is directly compatible with some CRT HDTVs on which it can be displayed natively in interlaced form, but for display on progressive-scan—e. g. Most new LCD and plasma TVs, it must be deinterlaced, depending on the televisions video processing capabilities, the resulting video quality may vary, but may not necessarily suffer. For example, film material at 25fps may be deinterlaced from 1080i50 to restore a full 1080p resolution at the frame rate without any loss. Preferably video material with 50 or 60 motion phases/second is to be converted to 50p or 60p before display, worldwide, most HD channels on satellite and cable broadcast in 1080i. This also allows local newscasts on these ABC affiliates to be produced in the resolution to match the picture quality of their 1080i competitors

10.
Magnum, P.I.
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Magnum, P. I. is an American crime drama television series starring Tom Selleck as Thomas Magnum, a private investigator living on Oahu, Hawaii. The series ran from 1980 to 1988 during its first-run broadcast on the American television network CBS. According to the Nielsen ratings, Magnum, P. I. consistently ranked in the top twenty U. S. television programs during the first five years of its run in the United States. Thomas Sullivan Magnum IV is a private investigator played by Tom Selleck and he resides in the guest house of a 200-acre beachfront estate called Robins Nest, in Hawaii, at the invitation of its owner, Robin Masters, the celebrated author of several dozen lurid novels. The voice of Robin Masters, heard only a few times per season, was provided by Orson Welles, Magnum lives a luxurious life on the estate and operates as a P. I. on cases that suit him. The only thorn in the side of his lifestyle is Jonathan Quayle Higgins III. An ex-British Army Sergeant Major, he is on the surface a stern, by-the-book caretaker of Robins Nest and he patrols Robins Nest with his two highly trained lads, Doberman Pinschers named Zeus and Apollo. The relationship between Magnum and Higgins is initially cool, but as the series progressed, an unspoken respect, many episodes dedicated more screen time to this odd couple pairing after the relationship proved popular with fans. Aside from Higgins, Magnums two main companions on the islands are Theodore T. C, in the pilot episode, this was Ricks Place in town, inspired by Casablanca, with Rick appearing in suitable 1930s attire. After completing the pilot, though, executives felt that audiences would be unable to connect with this element. Instead, Rick moved to running the plush, beachside King Kamehameha Club, Magnum often strolls around the club, using its facilities and running up an ever unpaid tab, further fueling the Magnum-Higgins feud. T. C. and Rick are both former Marines from VMO-2 with whom Magnum, a former Navy SEAL, served in the Vietnam War. The series was one of the first to deal with Vietnam veterans as human beings and not as shell-shocked killers, Magnum often dupes or bribes T. C. Magnum comes and goes as he pleases, works only when he wants and he keeps a mini-fridge with a seemingly endless supply of beer, wears his fathers treasured Rolex GMT Master wristwatch and is surrounded by countless beautiful women. Other characteristics specific to Magnum are his thick mustache, a Detroit Tigers baseball cap, a chicken. Nearly every episode is narrated, in voice-over, by Magnum at various points, at the end of the seventh season, Magnum was to be killed off, to end the series. Following an outcry from fans who demanded a more satisfactory conclusion, Tom Selleck as Thomas Sullivan Magnum IV Roger E. Mosley as Theodore Calvin a. k. a. Larry Manetti as Orville Wilbur Richard Rick Wright, John Hillerman as Jonathan Quayle Higgins III Lt and he is also, like Magnum, a Detroit Tigers fan

11.
Crime film
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Crime films are a genre of film that focus on crime. The stylistic approach to a crime film varies from realistic portrayals of real-life criminal figures, films dealing with crime and its detection are often based on plays rather than novels. Agatha Christies stage play Witness for the Prosecution was adapted for the big screen by director Billy Wilder in 1957, the film starred Marlene Dietrich and Charles Laughton and is a classic example of a courtroom drama. In a courtroom drama, a charge is brought against one of the main characters, another major part is played by the lawyer representing the defendant in court and battling with the public prosecutor. He or she may enlist the services of an investigator to find out what really happened. However, in most cases it is not clear at all whether the accused is guilty of the crime or not—this is how suspense is created. Often, the private investigator storms into the courtroom at the very last minute in order to bring a new and this type of literature lends itself to the literary genre of drama focused more on dialogue and little or no necessity for a shift in scenery. The auditorium of the theatre becomes an extension of the courtroom, in Witness for the Prosecution, Leonard Vole, a young American living in England, is accused of murdering a middle-aged lady he met in the street while shopping. His wife hires the best lawyer available because she is convinced, or rather she knows, another classic courtroom drama is U. S. playwright Reginald Roses Twelve Angry Men, which is set in the jury deliberation room of a New York Court of Law. Eleven members of the jury, aiming at a verdict of guilty. The popularity of TV brought about the emergence of TV series featuring detectives, investigators, special agents, lawyers, in Britain, The Avengers about the adventures of gentleman agent John Steed and his partner, Emma Peel, achieved cult status. In Germany, Derrick became a household word, breaking Bad character Walter White is a methamphetamine drug manufacturer, this offered a different approach whereby the protagonist is the criminal instead of being the detective. Crime films may fall under several different subgenres and these include, Crime comedy - A hybrid of crime and comedy films. Mafia comedy looks at organized crime from a comical standpoint, humor comes from the incompetence of the criminals and/or black comedy. Examples include Analyze This, The Pope of Greenwich Village, Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, In Bruges, tower Heist and Pain & Gain. Crime drama - A combination of crime and dramatic films, examples include such films as Straight Time and Badlands. Crime thriller - A thriller in which the characters are involved in crime, either in its investigation, as the perpetrator or, less commonly. While some action films could be labelled as such for merely having criminality and thrills, the emphasis in this genre is the drama, examples include Untraceable, Silence of the Lambs, Heat, Seven, Witness, Memories of Murder, The Call, and Running Scared

12.
Jessica Fletcher
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Jessica Beatrice Fletcher is a character and the protagonist portrayed by Award-winning actress Angela Lansbury on the American television series Murder, She Wrote. Fletcher is an author of mystery novels, an English teacher. In 2004, Fletcher was listed in Bravos 100 Greatest TV Characters, AOL named her one of the 100 Most Memorable Female TV Characters. The same website listed her among TVs Smartest Detectives and she was ranked at number 6 on Sleuth Channels poll of Americas Top Sleuths. Guinness World Records called her the most prolific amateur sleuth, jessicas ancestors hailed from Kilcleer, County Cork, Ireland. She has two brothers and two sisters and her brothers are Marshall, a doctor, and Martin. Jessicas maiden name was MacGill, inspired by Angela Lansburys mothers real maiden name, before she met and married Frank Fletcher, Jessica was studying at Harrison College in Green Falls, New Hampshire, to become a journalist. In the episode Alma Murder, she mentions being a member of Delta Alpha Chi sorority, Fletcher lives at 698 Candlewood Lane in the town of Cabot Cove, Maine 03041. While teaching criminology at Manhattan University, she stays in Manhattan at the Penfield House Apartments,941 West 61st St. Cabot Cove is a town of 3,560 inhabitants near the ocean. Based on the number of murders occur in a given season of the show. This has even been remarked in the show by the town sheriff and he noted in season 5, episode 21 that this was his fifth murder in one year. Given the population of the town to be about 3,000 this is a high murder rate. Given the murder rate in town, it has about the same murder rate of a town 20 times its size. This trend was noted and parodied many times, one of them takes her to Hawaii, where she shares a case with private detective Thomas Magnum, star of Magnum, P. I. Fletcher was widowed from her husband, Frank. Especially prone to get into trouble is her nephew Grady Fletcher, Grady always seemed to meet the wrong girl, until he finally married Donna several seasons into the show. It is established early on in the series, that Jessica cannot drive and this was written into the programme after it was revealed that Lansbury had no license.1. Among her friends she can count both multi-millionaires who own Beech Starships and down-on-their-luck homeless people, moving effortlessly between the social strata

13.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama

14.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette

15.
Death on the Nile (1978 film)
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Death on the Nile is a 1978 British mystery film based on Agatha Christies 1937 novel of the same name, directed by John Guillermin and adapted by Anthony Shaffer. It takes place in Egypt, mostly on a paddle steamer on the Nile River. Many of the highlights of Egypt are also featured in the film, such as the Great Pyramids, the Sphinx. The boat trip starts in Aswan, follows to Karnak and then to Abu Simbel which is upstreams from Aswan, furthermore, it was never possible to go by boat from Aswan to Abu Simbel, even before the Aswan Dam was built because of the cataracts near Aswan. Death on the Nile won the Academy Award for Best Costume Design at the 51st Academy Awards, the film begins with a meeting between wealthy heiress Linnet Ridgeway and her close friend Jacqueline de Bellefort. Jackie wants her fiancé, Simon Doyle, to work for Linnet, while honeymooning in Egypt, they are continually hounded by the jilted Jackie. In an attempt to get away, the Doyles pretend to go to the Cairo Railway Station before backtracking to board their cruise on a Nile paddle steamer. When the passengers venture on-shore to examine a nearby temple, a stone is pushed off a pillar and narrowly misses Simon. They again encounter Jackie, who boards the ship having ignored the warnings of detective Hercule Poirot to stay away and that night, Jackie confronts Simon in a drunken rage and shoots him in the leg. The next morning, Linnet is found dead from a wound to the head. A J written in blood on the wall above her bed appears to implicate Jackie, andrew Pennington, Linnets American trustee, was anxious to prevent her from discovering that he embezzled from the Ridgeway estate. Mrs. van Schuyler, an elderly American socialite suffering from kleptomania, Miss Bowers, Mrs. van Schuylers nurse and traveling companion, blamed Linnets family for forcing her father into financial ruin and condemning her to a life of servitude. Salome Otterbourne, a romance novelist, was being sued for libel due to a likeness between Linnet and one of her characters. Rosalie Otterbourne, Mrs. Otterbournes daughter, was anxious to protect her mother, james Ferguson, an outspoken Communist traveler, resented Linnets vast wealth and affluent lifestyle. Ludwig Bessner, a Swiss psychiatrist, faced exposure by Linnet concerning his seemingly unorthodox methods, soon a bundle is found in the Nile. The missing pistol is wrapped in Mrs. van Schuylers stole, a handkerchief was also included, stained with blood. Linnets pearls are also discovered to be missing, when interrogated, Mrs. van Schuyler denies ever having touched them. Shortly after this, the pearls are found on Linnets body, while Poirot and Race conduct their investigation, the maid Louise is murdered

16.
Miss Marple
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Jane Marple, usually referred to as Miss Marple, is a fictional character appearing in 12 of Agatha Christies crime novels and in 20 short stories. Miss Marple is a spinster who lives in the village of St. Mary Mead. Alongside Hercule Poirot, she is one of the most loved and her first appearance was in a short story published in The Royal Magazine in December 1927, The Tuesday Night Club, which later became the first chapter of The Thirteen Problems. Her first appearance in a novel was in The Murder at the Vicarage in 1930. The character of Miss Marple is based on Christies step grandmother, or her Aunt, Christie also used material from her fictional creation, spinster Caroline Sheppard, who appeared in The Murder of Roger Ackroyd. When Michael Morton adapted the novel for the stage, he replaced the character of Caroline with a young girl and this change saddened Christie and she determined to give old maids a voice, Miss Marple was born. There is no source for the derivation of the name Marple. The most common explanation is that the name was taken from Marple railway station in Stockport, alternatively, Christie may have taken the name from a family named Marple, who lived at Marple Hall near her sister Madges home at Abney Hall. The character of Jane Marple in the first Miss Marple book and this early version of Miss Marple is a gleeful gossip and not an especially nice woman. The citizens of St. Mary Mead like her but are often tired by her nosy nature, in later books she becomes more modern and a kinder person. Miss Marple solves difficult crimes because of her intelligence, and St. Mary Mead. Crimes always remind her of an incident, although acquaintances may be bored by analogies that often lead her to a deeper realization about the true nature of a crime. She also has an ability to latch onto a casual comment. In several stories, she is able to rely on her acquaintance with Sir Henry Clithering, Miss Marple never married and has no close living relatives. Her nephew, the well-known author Raymond West appears in some stories including Sleeping Murder and Ingots of Gold, which feature his wife Joan. Raymond overestimates himself and underestimates his aunts mental acuity, Miss Marple employs young women from a nearby orphanage, whom she trains for service as general housemaids after the retirement of her long-time maid-housekeeper faithful Florence. She was briefly looked after by her maid, Miss Knight. In her later years, companion Cherry Baker, first introduced in The Mirror Crackd From Side to Side, Miss Marple has never worked for her living and is of independent means, although she benefits in her old age from the financial support of Raymond West, her nephew

17.
The Mirror Crack'd
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The Mirror Crackd is a 1980 British mystery film based on Agatha Christies Miss Marple novel The Mirror Crackd from Side to Side and directed by Guy Hamilton. It stars Angela Lansbury, Kim Novak, Elizabeth Taylor, Geraldine Chaplin, Tony Curtis, Edward Fox, Rock Hudson and, in his film debut and this crime/mystery was adapted by Jonathan Hales and Barry Sandler. Scenes were filmed at Twickenham Film Studios, Twickenham, London, UK, in 1953 in the English village of St. The two actresses are old rivals, Marina is making a much heralded comeback after a prolonged illness and retirement. She and her husband, Jason Rudd, who is directing the film, when she learns that Lola will be in the film as well, she becomes enraged and vents her anger. Lola then arrives with her her husband, Marty Fenn, who is producing the film, excitement runs high in the village as the locals have been invited to a reception held by the film company in a manor house, Gossington Hall, to meet the celebrities. Lola and Marina come face to face at the reception and exchange some comically potent insults, as they smile and pose for the cameras. At the reception Marina is cornered by a gushing, devoted fan, Heather Babcock, everyone is certain Marina was the intended murder victim. The police detective from Scotland Yard investigating the case, Inspector Dermot Craddock, is baffled and he asks his aunt, who happens to be Jane Marple, who recently injured her foot at the reception and is therefore confined to her home, for help. The suspects are Ella Zielinsky, Jasons assistant who is secretly in love him and would like Marina out of the way. Miss Marple, now back on her feet, visits Gossington Hall, where Marina and Jason are staying, and views where Heathers death occurred. Working from information received from her cleaning woman, Cherry Baker, by that time, however, another death occurs at Gossington Hall, which explains who was the killer, Marina Rudd has apparently committed suicide. Miss Marple explains that Heather Babcocks story was Marinas motive, Heather suffered from German measles, a rather harmless disease to most adults, but dangerous for a pregnant woman. Heather innocently infected Marina when she met her during the Second World War while Marina was pregnant, upon hearing Heather cheerfully tell this story, Marina was overcome with rage and deliberately poisoned her. She then spread the idea that she was the victim, concocting the death threats. Ella, who in fact made phone calls to various suspects from a box, accidentally guessed correctly. As Marina is now dead, she not be brought to justice. Jason confesses to Miss Marple that he had put poison in his wifes hot chocolate to save her from being prosecuted, however, Marina is nonetheless found dead, seeming to have poisoned herself

18.
Rock Hudson
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Rock Hudson was an American actor. Hudson is generally known for his turns as a man in the 1950s and 1960s and is viewed as a prominent actor. Hudson was voted Star of the Year, Favorite Leading Man and he completed nearly 70 films and starred in several television productions during a career that spanned more than four decades. He was nominated for an Oscar in 1956, Hudson died from AIDS-related complications in 1985, becoming the first major celebrity to die from an AIDS-related illness. Hudson was born in Winnetka, Illinois, the child of telephone operator Katherine Wood and auto mechanic Roy Harold Scherer. His mother remarried and his stepfather, Wallace Wally Fitzgerald, adopted him and changed his surname to Fitzgerald. Hudsons years at New Trier High School were unremarkable, although he sang in the glee club and was remembered as a shy boy who delivered newspapers, ran errands. Although he tried out for roles in many of his plays, Hudson failed to win any because he could not remember his lines. Working as an usher in his years, he developed an interest in film. He worked as a driver for some time, longing to be an actor. After he sent talent scout Henry Willson a picture of himself in 1947, Willson took Hudson on as a client and changed his name to Rock Hudson, Hudsons name was coined by combining the Rock of Gibraltar and the Hudson River. Hudson made his debut with a small part in the 1948 Warner Bros. film Fighter Squadron. In 1953 he appeared in a Camel commercial which showed him on the set of Seminole, director Douglas Sirk gave Hudson his first leading role, in the 1954 film Magnificent Obsession, co-starring Jane Wyman. The film received positive reviews, with Modern Screen Magazine citing Hudson as the most popular actor of the year and his popularity soared with George Stevens film Giant. Hudson and his co-star James Dean were both nominated for Oscars in the Best Actor category, in the 1950s, Hudson made nine films with acclaimed director and father-figure Douglas Sirk, with Sirks own favorite being The Tarnished Angels. Following Richard Brooks acclaimed film Something of Value was a performance in Charles Vidors box office failure A Farewell to Arms. In order to make A Farewell to Arms, Hudson reportedly turned down Marlon Brandos role in Sayonara, William Holdens role in The Bridge on the River Kwai, and Charlton Hestons role in Ben-Hur. A Farewell to Arms received negative reviews, failed at the box office, Hudson sailed through the 1960s on a wave of romantic comedies

19.
Elizabeth Taylor
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Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor, DBE was a British-American actress, businesswoman, and humanitarian. She began as an actress in the early 1940s, and was one of the most popular stars of classical Hollywood cinema in the 1950s. She continued her career successfully into the 1960s, and remained a well known figure for the rest of her life. The American Film Institute named her the seventh-greatest female screen legend in 1999, Born in London to wealthy, socially prominent American parents, Taylor moved with her family to Los Angeles in 1939, and she soon was given a film contract by Universal Pictures. Her screen debut was in a role in Theres One Born Every Minute. Taylor was then signed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and had her breakthrough role in National Velvet, becoming one of the studios most popular teenaged stars. She made the transition to adult roles in the early 1950s, despite being one of MGMs most bankable stars, Taylor wished to end her career in the early 1950s, as she resented the studios control and disliked many of the films to which she was assigned. She began receiving roles in the mid-1950s, beginning with the epic drama Giant. These included two film adaptations of plays by Tennessee Williams, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof and Suddenly, Last Summer, although she disliked her role in BUtterfield 8, her last film for MGM, she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance. She was next paid a record-breaking $1 million to play the role in the historical epic Cleopatra. During the filming, Taylor and co-star Richard Burton began having an affair which caused a scandal. Despite public disapproval, Burton and she continued their relationship and were married the first time in 1964. Dubbed Liz and Dick by the media, they starred in 11 films together, including The V. I. P. s, The Sandpiper, The Taming of the Shrew, and Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf. Taylor received the best reviews of her career for Woolf, winning her second Academy Award, in the 1980s, she acted in her first substantial stage roles and in several television films and series, and became the first celebrity to launch a perfume brand. Taylor was also one of the first celebrities to take part in HIV/AIDS activism and she co-founded the American Foundation for AIDS Research in 1985 and the Elizabeth Taylor AIDS Foundation in 1991. From the early 1990s until her death, she dedicated her time to philanthropy and she received several accolades for it, including the Presidential Citizens Medal. Taylors personal life was subject to constant media attention throughout her life and she was married eight times to seven men, endured serious illnesses, and led a jet set lifestyle, including amassing one of the most expensive private collections of jewelry. After many years of ill health, Taylor died from heart failure at the age of 79 in 2011

20.
Kim Novak
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Marilyn Pauline Kim Novak is a retired American film and television actress, currently engaged as a visual artist. She began her career in 1954 after signing with Columbia Pictures. There, she became an actress, starring in a string of movies. She later starred in popular successes as The Man with the Golden Arm. However, she is perhaps best known today for her performance as Judy Barton in Alfred Hitchcocks classic thriller Vertigo with James Stewart. Although still young, her career declined in the early 1960s and she has only sporadically returned since. She later returned to the screen in The Mirror Crackd, and had a role on the prime time series Falcon Crest. After a disappointing experience during the filming of Liebestraum, she has retired from acting, stating she has no desire to return. Novak was born in Chicago, Illinois on February 13,1933 and she is the daughter of Joseph and Blanche Novak. Both her parents were of Czech descent and her father was a history teacher and worked as a dispatcher on the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad, and her mother was a factory worker. She attended William Penn Elementary, Farragut High School, and Wright Junior College, while stopping by Los Angeles, Novak was crowned Miss Deepfreeze by the refrigerator company. While there, she and two other models stood in line to be extras in two RKO films, The French Line, starring Jane Russell and Son of Sinbad. It was here that she was discovered by an agent, who signed her to a contract with Columbia Pictures. From the beginning of her career, she wanted to be an original, therefore, she fought with Columbias chief, Harry Cohn, over the changing of her name. He suggested the name Kit Marlowe, arguing that Nobodys gonna go see a girl with a Polack name, but she insisted on keeping her name, saying, Im Czech, but Polish, Czech, no matter, its my name. The two sides settled on the name Kim Novak as a compromise. Her first role for the studio was in the film noir Pushover, in which she received billing below Fred MacMurray. She then co-starred in the romantic comedy Phffft as Janis, a Monroe-type character who finds Jack Lemmons character, Robert Tracey, both films were reasonably successful at the box office, and Novak received favorable reviews for her performances

21.
Tony Curtis
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Tony Curtis was an American film actor whose career spanned six decades but who was mostly popular in the 1950s and early 1960s. He acted in more than 100 films in roles covering a range of genres. In his later years, Curtis made numerous television appearances, although his early film roles were partly the result of his good looks, by the latter half of the 1950s he became a notable and strong screen presence. He began proving himself to be a dramatic actor, having the range to act in numerous dramatic. In his earliest parts he acted in a string of films, including swashbucklers, westerns, light comedies, sports films. However, by the time he starred in Houdini with his wife Janet Leigh, his first clear success, notes critic David Thomson and he achieved his first serious recognition as a dramatic actor in Sweet Smell of Success with co-star Burt Lancaster. The following year he was nominated for an Oscar for Best Actor in The Defiant Ones, Curtis then gave what could arguably be called his best performance, three interrelated roles in the comedy Some Like It Hot. Thomson called it a film, and a survey carried out by the American Film Institute voted it the funniest American film ever made. The film co-starred Jack Lemmon and Marilyn Monroe, and was directed by Billy Wilder and that was followed by Blake Edwards’s Operation Petticoat with Cary Grant. They were both frantic comedies, and displayed his comic timing. He often collaborated with Edwards on later films, in 1960, Curtis played a supporting role in Spartacus, which became another major hit for him. His stardom and film career declined considerably after 1960 and his most significant dramatic part came in 1968 when he starred in the true-life drama The Boston Strangler, which some consider his last major film role. The part reinforced his reputation as an actor with his chilling portrayal of serial killer Albert DeSalvo. Curtis was the father of actresses Jamie Lee Curtis and Kelly Curtis by his first wife, Tony Curtis was born Bernard Schwartz on June 3,1925, in the Bronx, New York, to Helen and Emanuel Schwartz. His parents were Slovak and Hungarian Jewish immigrants, his father was born in Ópályi, near Mátészalka and he did not learn English until he was five or six, delaying his schooling. His father was a tailor and the lived in the back of the shop—his parents in one corner and Curtis and his brothers Julius. His mother once made an appearance as a participant on the television show You Bet Your Life, Curtis said, When I was a child, Mom beat me up and was very aggressive and antagonistic. His mother was diagnosed with schizophrenia

22.
Murder, She Said
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Murder, She Said is a 1961 murder mystery film directed by George Pollock, based on the novel 4.50 from Paddington by Agatha Christie. The production starred Margaret Rutherford as Miss Marple along with Arthur Kennedy and Muriel Pavlow, MGM made three sequels, Murder at the Gallop, Murder Most Foul and Murder Ahoy. all with Rutherford starring as Christies famed amateur sleuth. While traveling by rail, Miss Marple witnesses the strangling of a woman in the carriage of an overtaking train. Wheedling her way into a job as there, Marple copes with her difficult employer, Luther Ackenthorpe. She eventually finds it concealed in a stable, much to the chagrin of Police Inspector Craddock, also, Ackenthorpes physician, Dr. Quimper, and Emma are secretly in love. Gardener Hillman and part-time servant Mrs. Kidder round out the establishment, alexander finds the first clue, a musical compact which plays Frère Jacques, near where the body must have landed. Arsenic in the curry duck prepared by Miss Marple herself sickens all who eat it, then Harold dies by his own shotgun. The police are unsure if it was suicide by a murderer or the third victim. Miss Marple, however, is not deceived, and sets a trap, Dr. Quimper is revealed to be the villain. The dead woman was not Martine at all, but his wife, Quimper feared that the compact, a gift to his wife, could be traced back to him. He intended to dispose of the heirs and marry Emma. He administered a second, fatal dose of arsenic while supposedly attending to Albert, in Christies original story, elderly Elspeth McGillicuddy witnessed the murder, not her friend Miss Marple, who was introduced later. Also, in the story, a young acquaintance of Marples is sent to pose as a house-keeper at the suspect location. As with most of her portrayals of Miss Marple, Rutherfords interpretation was quite different from Christies languid, the tone of the novel was also changed somewhat, instead of Christies trademark suspense and underlying darkness, the film relied heavily on light, even whimsical comedy of manners. Crackenthorpe, the name in the novel, was shortened to Ackenthorpe. Despite Christies dislike of this adaptation, Murder, She Said received a positive response from critics. Almar Halfidason, a critic for the BBC film website, awarded the four stars out of a possible five, calling it delightfully dotty. The film made a profit of $342,000, Murder, She Said at the Internet Movie Database Murder, She Said at the TCM Movie Database Murder, She Said at AllMovie Murder, She Said at Rotten Tomatoes

23.
Maine
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Maine is the northernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Maine is the 39th most extensive and the 41st most populous of the U. S. states and territories and it is bordered by New Hampshire to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the north. Maine is the easternmost state in the contiguous United States, and it is known for its jagged, rocky coastline, low, rolling mountains, heavily forested interior, and picturesque waterways, and also its seafood cuisine, especially clams and lobster. There is a continental climate throughout the state, even in areas such as its most populous city of Portland. For thousands of years, indigenous peoples were the inhabitants of the territory that is now Maine. At the time of European arrival in what is now Maine, the first European settlement in the area was by the French in 1604 on Saint Croix Island, by Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons. The first English settlement was the short-lived Popham Colony, established by the Plymouth Company in 1607, as Maine entered the 18th century, only a half dozen European settlements had survived. Loyalist and Patriot forces contended for Maines territory during the American Revolution, Maine was part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts until 1820, when it voted to secede from Massachusetts to become an independent state. On March 15,1820, it was admitted to the Union as the 23rd state under the Missouri Compromise, there is no definitive explanation for the origin of the name Maine, but the most likely origin is the name given by early explorers after a province in France. Whatever the origin, the name was fixed for English settlers in 1665 when the English Kings Commissioners ordered that the Province of Maine be entered from then on in official records. The state legislature in 2001 adopted a resolution establishing Franco-American Day, other theories mention earlier places with similar names, or claim it is a nautical reference to the mainland. Attempts to uncover the history of the name of Maine began with James Sullivans 1795 History of the District of Maine. He made the allegation that the Province of Maine was a compliment to the queen of Charles I, Henrietta Maria. MAINE appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 in reference to the county of Dorset, the view generally held among British place name scholars is that Mayne in Dorset is Brythonic, corresponding to modern Welsh maen, plural main or meini. Some early spellings are, MAINE1086, MEINE1200, MEINES1204, mason had served with the Royal Navy in the Orkney Islands where the chief island is called Mainland, a possible name derivation for these English sailors. Initially, several tracts along the coast of New England were referred to as Main or Maine, Maine is the only state whose name has exactly one syllable. The original inhabitants of the territory that is now Maine were Algonquian-speaking Wabanaki peoples, including the Abenaki, Passamaquoddy, Maliseet and Penobscot, who had a loose confederacy. European contact with what is now called Maine started around 1200 CE when Norwegians interacted with the native Penobscot in present-day Hancock County, most likely through trade

24.
Mendocino, California
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Mendocino is an unincorporated community in Mendocino County, California, United States. Mendocino is located 9.5 miles south of Fort Bragg, the population of the census-designated place was 894 at the 2010 census, up from 824 at the 2000 census. The towns name comes from Cape Mendocino, named by early Spanish navigators in honor of Antonio de Mendoza, despite its small size, the towns scenic location on a headland surrounded by the Pacific Ocean has made it extremely popular as an artist colony and with vacationers. Prior to 1850, a Pomo settlement named Buldam was located near Mendocino on the bank of the Big River. The town was founded in 1850 as a community, and was originally named Meiggsville after Henry Meiggs. The first post office opened in 1858, many of the towns early settlers were New Englanders, as was true with many older Northern California logging towns. Portuguese fishermen from the Azores also settled in the area, as did immigrants from Canton Province in China, mendocinos economy declined after 1940, and it became a somewhat isolated village with a declining population. The revitalization of the began in the late 1950s with the founding of the Mendocino Art Center by artist Bill Zacha. Most of the town was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Mendocino County, California in 1971 as the Mendocino and Headlands Historic District. In addition, the Temple of Kwan Tai on Albion Street, California Historical Landmark #927, Mendocino is located at 39°18′28″N 123°47′58″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 7.4 square miles. Mendocino has a cool summer Maritime Mediterranean climate, summers are characterized by frequent fog and highs mostly in the upper sixties and lows in the fifties. Winters rarely, if ever, see frost or snow, due to proximity to the Pacific Ocean. Mendocino averages about 43 inches of rain per year concentrated mainly in fall, winter, spring and this region experiences warm and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Mendocino has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, the 2010 United States Census reported that Mendocino had a population of 894. The population density was 120.5 people per square mile, the racial makeup of Mendocino was 834 White,5 African American,8 Native American,13 Asian,1 Pacific Islander,6 from other races, and 27 from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 42 persons, the Census reported that 830 people lived in households,64 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 were institutionalized. There were 29 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 6 same-sex married couples or partnerships,178 households were made up of individuals and 83 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older

25.
Kennebunkport, Maine
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Kennebunkport is a town in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,474 people at the 2010 census and it is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford metropolitan statistical area. The town center, the area in and around Dock Square, is located along the Kennebunk River, historically a shipbuilding and fishing village, for well over a century the town has been a popular summer colony and seaside tourist destination. The Dock Square area has a district of shops, art galleries, seafood restaurants. Cape Porpoise, while retaining its identity as a harbor, has a very small village area with several restaurants, a church, grocery store, coffee shop, small library. Kennebunkport has a reputation as a haven for the upper class and is one of the wealthiest communities in the state of Maine. Kennebunkport and neighboring towns Kennebunk and Arundel comprise school district RSU21, Kennebunkport was first incorporated in 1663 as Cape Porpus, subject to the government of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Due to Indian depredations, the town was depopulated by 1689, the town was renamed Arundel, and the town center located inland at Burbank Hill. In 1821 the town was renamed again, this time to Kennebunkport in reflection to its becoming one of shipbuilding. By the 1870s the town had developed as a summer destination. Cape Arundel, Cape Porpoise, and Beachwood were some of the summer colonies, although Cape Porpoise was, and still is. Since 1939, Kennebunkport is home to the Seashore Trolley Museum, the Great Fires of 1947, which devastated much of York County, affected Kennebunkport and especially the area near Goose Rocks Beach. Much of the housing near Goose Rocks Beach was destroyed by the fire, like much of the northeast coast, the geography of the southern Maine coast was largely directed by the retreat of the Laurentide ice cap about 23,000 years ago. The coast is framed by bedrock, left during the formation of the Appalachian mountains, the coast along Kennebunkport differs sharply from the Maine coast north and east of Portland due to differences in the composition of this rock layer. Beyond Portland, the layer is largely metamorphic rock, but here the coast is a mixture of igneous rock and these embayments result in the sandy beaches that can be found in southern Maine, but are uncommon north of Portland. Likewise the geology here differs from that of the lands, which were formed as terminal and recessional moraines. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 49.35 square miles. The town has several areas, each developed during a phase of the towns history

26.
Scotland Yard
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Scotland Yard is a metonym for the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service, the territorial police force responsible for policing most of London. The name derives from the location of the original Metropolitan Police headquarters at 4 Whitehall Place, the Scotland Yard entrance became the public entrance to the police station, and over time the street and the Metropolitan Police became synonymous. The New York Times wrote in 1964 that just as Wall Street gave its name to New Yorks financial district, Scotland Yard became the name for police activity in London. The force moved from Great Scotland Yard in 1890, to a completed building on the Victoria Embankment. An adjacent building was completed in 1906, a third building was added in 1940. In 1967, the MPS moved its headquarters from the complex to a tall. In November 2016, MPS moved to its new headquarters, which continues to bear the name of New Scotland Yard. the sign spins around non stop and it has a camera inside it. The Metropolitan Police Service is responsible for law enforcement within Greater London, excluding the square mile of the City of London, additionally, the London Underground and National Rail networks are the responsibility of the British Transport Police. The Metropolitan Police was formed by Robert Peel with the implementation of the Metropolitan Police Act, Peel, with the help of Eugène-François Vidocq, selected the original site on Whitehall Place for the new police headquarters. The first two commissioners, Charles Rowan and Richard Mayne, along with police officers and staff. Previously a private house,4 Whitehall Place backed onto a street called Great Scotland Yard, in 1888, during the construction of the new building, workers discovered the dismembered torso of a female, the case, known as the Whitehall Mystery, was never solved. In 1890, police moved to the new location, which was named New Scotland Yard. By this time, the Metropolitan Police had grown from its initial 1,000 officers to about 13,000 and needed more administrative staff, further increases in the size and responsibilities of the force required even more administrators and space. Therefore, new buildings were constructed and completed in 1906 and 1940, the first two buildings are now a Grade I listed structure known as the Norman Shaw Buildings. The original building at 4 Whitehall Place still has an entrance on Great Scotland Yard. Stables for some of the branch are still located at 7 Great Scotland Yard. By the 1960s the requirements of modern technology and further increases in the size of the force meant that it had outgrown its three-building complex on Victoria Embankment. In 1967 New Scotland Yard moved to a newly constructed building on Broadway, from 1967 to 2016, the third building of the first New Scotland Yard was partly used as the base for the Mets Territorial Support Group

27.
Perestroika
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The literal meaning of perestroika is “restructuring”, referring to the restructuring of the Soviet political and economic system. Perestroika is sometimes argued to be a cause of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe, Perestroika allowed more independent actions from various ministries and introduced some market-like reforms. The goal of the perestroika, however, was not to end the command economy, Perestroika and resistance to it are often cited as major catalysts leading to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In May 1985, Gorbachev gave a speech in Leningrad in which he admitted the slowing-down of the economic development and this was the first time in Soviet history that a Soviet leader had done so. During the initial period of Mikhail Gorbachevs time in power, he talked about modifying central planning, Gorbachev and his team of economic advisors then introduced more fundamental reforms, which became known as perestroika. In July 1987, the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union passed the Law on State Enterprise, the law stipulated that state enterprises were free to determine output levels based on demand from consumers and other enterprises. Enterprises had to fulfill orders, but they could dispose of the remaining output as they saw fit. However, at the time the state still held control over the means of production for these enterprises. Enterprises bought input from suppliers at negotiated contract prices, under the law, enterprises became self-financing, that is, they had to cover expenses through revenues. No longer was the government to rescue unprofitable enterprises that could face bankruptcy, finally, the law shifted control over the enterprise operations from ministries to elected workers collectives. Gosplans responsibilities were to supply general guidelines and national investment priorities, the Law on Cooperatives, enacted in May 1988, was perhaps the most radical of the economic reforms during the early part of the Gorbachev era. For the first time since Vladimir Lenins New Economic Policy was abolished in 1928, the law permitted private ownership of businesses in the services, manufacturing, the law initially imposed high taxes and employment restrictions, but it later revised these to avoid discouraging private-sector activity. Under this provision, cooperative restaurants, shops, and manufacturers became part of the Soviet scene, Gorbachev brought perestroika to the Soviet Unions foreign economic sector with measures that Soviet economists considered bold at that time. His program virtually eliminated the monopoly that the Ministry of Foreign Trade had once held on most trade operations, in addition, regional and local organizations and individual state enterprises were permitted to conduct foreign trade. This change was an attempt to redress a major imperfection in the Soviet foreign trade regime, after potential Western partners complained, the government revised the regulations to allow majority foreign ownership and control. Under the terms of the Joint Venture Law, the Soviet partner supplied labor, infrastructure, the foreign partner supplied capital, technology, entrepreneurial expertise, and in many cases, products and services of world competitive quality. Gorbachevs economic changes did not do much to restart the sluggish economy in the late 1980s. The reforms decentralised things to some extent, although price controls remained, as did the rubles inconvertibility, by 1990 the government had virtually lost control over economic conditions

28.
Must See TV
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Ratings for NBCs lineup fell during the mid-to-late 2000s, and today the network ranks behind Fox, ABC and CBS on Thursday nights. In 2015, the network canceled comedy programming on Thursdays and switched entirely to dramas. However, contrary to belief, Must See TV originally applied to sitcoms only. At one point in the fall of 1997, the brand was used five nights a week, with four sitcoms a night from Monday to Thursday, and two on Sunday. Thursday nights are coveted by advertisers due to the proportion of young. The Must See slogan was created by Dan Holm, an NBC promotional producer, during a network promo brainstorming session in June 1993 at NBCs West Coast headquarters in Burbank, California. Must See TV made its first appearance in NBC promotions in August 1993 and included the day of the week, in late summer of 1993, NBC wanted viewers to tune in an hour prior to Seinfeld, and created the Must See TV slogan to brand the comedy block. The first Must See TV block promo aired during late summer repeats and promoted Mad About You, Wings, the advertisement ended with the sentence Get home early for Must See TV Thursday. The Must See TV slogan continued in every NBC Thursday night comedy promo throughout the fall/winter 1993 television season to promote the 8–10 p. m. comedy block. When Frasier and Wings were moved to Tuesday nights, NBC expanded the season of the Must See TV brand to include the Tuesday night comedy block. Branding the quality Thursday night lineup began as early as the 1982 fall season, NBC failed to develop hit shows to replace long-running staples Friends, Frasier, Seinfeld, and Will & Grace. Thursday programming has become increasingly stronger on other networks. CBS was first to break through with its lineup of Survivor, CSI, Crime Scene Investigation, ABC had success on Thursday nights with its hit reality series, Dancing with the Stars, before moving the program to Mondays in 2006. S. Television from 2004 to 2011, into the Thursday timeslot adversely affected NBCs ratings for Thursday primetime programming lineup since that television season. In January 2011, NBC rebranded the night again, renaming it Comedy Night Done Right – All Night. The three-hour comedy block was discontinued in the fall of 2011, prior to the 2013 fall season, NBC cancelled or ended nine of its eleven comedies, including the long-running 30 Rock and The Office, in an effort to broaden its comedy lineup. In May 2013, NBC picked up three comedies and rebranded its Thursday night lineup as NBCs New Family of Comedies for the fall season. The debut of The Michael J. Fox Show was the lowest-rated Thursday fall comedy series premiere in network history, one week later, the debut of Welcome to the Family became the new record-holder, with Sean Saves the World ranking as the second lowest ever

29.
New York City Police Department
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The New York City Police Department, officially the City of New York Police Department, is the largest municipal police force in the United States. Established in 1845, the agency has primary responsibilities in law enforcement, the NYPD is one of the oldest police departments established in the U. S. tracing its roots back to the nineteenth century. According to the department, its mission is to enforce the laws, preserve the peace, reduce fear, the departments regulations are compiled in title 38 of the New York City Rules. In June 2004, there were about 40,000 sworn officers plus several thousand employees, in June 2005. As of December 2011, that figure increased slightly to over 36,600, the NYPDs current authorized uniformed strength is 34,450. The Patrolmens Benevolent Association of the City of New York, the largest municipal police union in the United States, represents over 50,000 active, the NYPD Intelligence Division & Counter-Terrorism Bureau has officers stationed in 11 cities internationally. In the 1990s the department developed a CompStat system of management which has also since established in other cities. The NYPD is headquartered at 1 Police Plaza, located on Park Row in Lower Manhattan across the street from City Hall, the NYPD has extensive crime scene investigation and laboratory resources, as well as units which assist with computer crime investigations. The NYPD runs a Real Time Crime Center, essentially a search engine. A Domain Awareness System, a joint project of Microsoft and the NYPD, links 6,000 closed-circuit television cameras, license plate readers, members of the NYPD are frequently referred to by politicians, some media and their own police cars by the nickname New Yorks Finest. The Municipal Police were established in 1845, replacing an old night watch system, in 1857, it was tumultuously replaced by a Metropolitan force, which consolidated many other local police departments in 1898. Twentieth-century trends included professionalization and struggles against corruption, Officers begin service with the rank of Probationary Police Officer, also referred to as Recruit Officer. After successful completion of six months of Police Academy training and various academic, physical, There are three career tracks in the NYPD, supervisory, investigative, and specialist. The supervisory track consists of 12 sworn titles, referred to as ranks, promotion to the ranks of sergeant, lieutenant, and captain are made via competitive civil service examinations. Promotion from the rank of police officer to detective is determined by the current police labor contract, the entry level appointment to detective is third grade or specialist. The commissioner may grant discretionary grades of first or second and these grades offer compensation roughly equivalent to that of supervisors. Specifically, a second grade detectives pay roughly corresponds to a sergeants, Detectives are police officers who have been given a more investigatory position but no official supervisory authority. A Detective First Grade still falls under the command of a sergeant or above, just like detectives, sergeants and lieutenants can receive pay grade increases within their respective ranks

30.
Madlyn Rhue
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Madlyn Soloman Rhue was an American actress in film and television roles. Rhue was born in Washington, D. C, Rhue graduated from Los Angeles High School and studied drama at Los Angeles City College. She also was a guest star in dozens of television series, in 1960, Rhue had played the spouse of another Ricardo Montalbán character in an episode of NBCs Bonanza. That year, she played the title role of Marian Ames in the Perry Mason episode. Daniel Boone, The Fugitive, Ironside, The Wild Wild West, Star Trek, Mannix, Brackens World, Hawaii Five-O, Mission, Impossible, Banacek, Starsky & Hutch, Fantasy Island, and Charlies Angels. She also appeared in the TV movie Goldie and the Boxer, in 1962, Rhue married actor Tony Young and acted with him in the western He Rides Tall. In 1977, Rhue was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and she died from pneumonia at the age of sixty-eight at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills in Los Angeles, California. She was survived by her sister Carol, the Miracle - Nun Who Warns Teresa About Her Singing Love Songs Operation Petticoat - Lt

31.
Jerry Orbach
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Nominated for multiple Tony Awards, Orbach won for his performance as Chuck Baxter in Promises, Promises. Later in his career, Orbach played supporting roles in such as Prince of the City, Dirty Dancing, Crimes and Misdemeanors and Disneys Beauty. He also made frequent guest appearances on television, including a role on Murder. However, he gained fame for his starring role as NYPD Detective Lennie Briscoe on the long-running NBC crime drama Law & Order. Orbach was born on October 20,1935, in the Bronx, the child of Emily, a greeting card manufacturer and radio singer, and Leon Orbach. His father was a Jewish immigrant from Hamburg, Germany, Orbach stated that his father was descended from Sephardic refugees from the Spanish Inquisition. His mother, a native of Pennsylvania, was a Roman Catholic of Polish-Lithuanian descent, Orbach attended Waukegan High School in Illinois and graduated in 1952. He played on the team and began learning acting in a speech class. In 1953, Orbach returned to the Chicago area and enrolled at Northwestern University, Orbach was an accomplished Broadway and off-Broadway actor. He also starred in The Threepenny Opera, Carnival, the musical version of the movie Lili, in a revival of Guys and Dolls, Promises, Promises, the original productions of Chicago, 42nd Street, and a revival of The Cradle Will Rock. Orbach made occasional film and TV appearances into the 1970s and appeared as a celebrity panelist on both Whats My Line. and Super Password, in the 1980s, Orbach shifted to film and TV work full-time. He also portrayed gangsters in both the action-thriller F/X and the Woody Allen drama Crimes and Misdemeanors. In 1985, Orbach became a regular guest star on Murder, She Wrote as private detective Harry McGraw, in 1987, he was featured in the hit film Dirty Dancing as Dr. Jake Houseman, the father of Jennifer Greys character Baby. He also made further TV appearances on shows such as The Golden Girls, Whos the Boss. At the 64th Academy Awards, Orbach performed a stage rendition of the Oscar-nominated song, Be Our Guest, that he sang in Beauty. In 1992, Orbach joined the ensemble cast of Law & Order as the world-weary, wisecracking. He had previously guest-starred as an attorney on the series. Orbach starred on Law & Order for 12 years, ultimately becoming the third longest-serving main cast member in the shows 20-year-run history, Orbach himself was nominated for a 2000 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series

32.
Private investigator
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A private investigator, a private detective, or inquiry agent, is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private detectives/investigators often work for attorneys in civil and criminal cases, official law enforcement tried many times to shut it down. In 1842, police arrested him in suspicion of unlawful imprisonment, Vidocq later suspected that it had been a set-up. He was sentenced to five years and fined 3, 000-francs, Vidocq is credited with having introduced record-keeping, criminology, and ballistics to criminal investigation. He made the first plaster casts of shoe impressions and he created indelible ink and unalterable bond paper with his printing company. His form of anthropometrics is still used by French police. He is also credited for philanthropic pursuits – he claimed he never informed on anyone who had stolen for real need, after Vidocq, the industry was born. Much of what private investigators did in the days was to act as the police in matters for which their clients felt the police were not equipped or willing to do. A larger role for new private investigative industry was to assist companies in labor disputes. Some early private investigators provided armed guards to act as a private militia, in the United Kingdom, Charles Frederick Field set up an enquiry office upon his retirement from the Metropolitan Police in 1852. Field became a friend of Charles Dickens, and the latter wrote articles about him, in 1862, one of his employees, the Hungarian Ignatius Paul Pollaky, left him and set up a rival agency. In the United States, Allan Pinkerton established the Pinkerton National Detective Agency - a private detective agency - in 1850, Pinkerton became famous when he foiled a plot to assassinate then President-elect Abraham Lincoln in 1861. Pinkertons agents performed services which ranged from undercover investigations and detection of crimes, to plant protection and it is sometimes claimed, probably with exaggeration, that at the height of its existence, the Pinkerton National Detective Agency employed more agents than the United States Army. Allan Pinkerton hired Kate Warne in 1856 as a private detective, during the union unrest in the US in the late 19th century, companies sometimes hired operatives and armed guards from the Pinkertons. In the aftermath of the Homestead Riot of 1892, several states passed so-called anti-Pinkerton laws restricting the importation of private security guards during union strikes. Pinkerton agents were hired to track western outlaws Jesse James, the Reno brothers, and the Wild Bunch, including Butch Cassidy. The Pinkerton agencys logo, an eye embellished with the words We Never Sleep, many private detectives/investigators with specialized academic and practical experience also work with defense attorneys on capital punishment and other criminal defense cases. Many others are insurance investigators who investigate suspicious claims, before the advent of no-fault divorce, many private investigators were hired to search out evidence of adultery or other conduct within marriage to establish grounds for a divorce

35 mm film (millimeter) is the film gauge most commonly used for motion pictures and chemical still photography (see …

A photo of a 35 mm film print featuring all four audio formats (or "quad track") — from left to right: SDDS (blue area to the left of the sprocket holes), Dolby Digital (grey area between the sprocket holes labelled with the Dolby "Double-D" logo in the middle), analog optical sound (the two white lines to the right of the sprocket holes), and the DTStime code (the dashed line to the far right).

An "over-under" 3D frame. Both left and right eye images are contained within the normal height of a single 2D frame.

The Proscenium arch of the theatre in the Auditorium Building, Chicago. It is the frame decorated with square tiles that forms the vertical rectangle separating the stage (mostly behind the lowered curtain) from the auditorium (the area with seats).

1080i (also known as Full HD or BT.709) is an abbreviation referring to a combination of frame resolution and scan …

An example frame of poorly deinterlaced video. Despite the fact that most TV transmissions are interlaced, plasma and LCD display technologies are progressively scanned. Consequently, flat-panel TVs convert an interlaced source to progressive scan for display, which can have an adverse impact on motion portrayal on inexpensive models.