Why Russians become monks

Jan 04, 2015

Darya Kezina

specially for RIR

The rector of St. Kosminskaya church father Peter. Source: Daria Kezina

In order to understand how modern monasteries are organized, how an American from Michigan became a monk in the Ural wilderness and what attracts Russian youth to monasteries, RIR correspondent Darya Kezina visited the Verkhotursky Territory - the spiritual center of the Urals and Siberia.

"I think that if it didn't please God, he
wouldn't have consented to me being tonsured as a monk," says the
26-year-old Hierodeacon Erast, the youngest monk in the St. Nikolayevsky
Monastery in the Verkhotursky Territory, a magical hinterland in the Urals, located
186 miles north of Yekaterinburg and 870 miles east of Moscow. "Now I must
be strong and continue along the chosen path. No one forced me to take vows. I
did it by heeding my own will."

Monasteries in medieval Russia were not only places of religious worship; they were also scientific research institutes, centers of advanced technology and agriculture. In the Urals monasteries had a special significance and helped displaced people settle the remote regions of the Russian Empire.

The young man made three monastic vows: poverty
(monks are not allowed to have expensive possessions), celibacy (monks are not
allowed to marry or have intimate relations with women) and obedience (monks
must obey the church authority and cannot leave the place of service without
permission).

Erast came to the monastery from the Urals
settlement of Fershampenuaz when he was 15 years old. He studied at a religious
school, became a novice, or poslushnik (one ‘under obedience’), graduated from the
seminary by correspondence, and at the age of 23 was tonsured as a monk and
took holy orders.

"There are difficult moments, there are
temptations, and so I pray," explains Erast. "If I see a
beautiful girl, I lower my eyes and walk by her. Then I shut myself in my cell
and tell myself, 'Why do you need this? You're a monk. Let her go. Just let her
go.'"

Erast stays in touch with his relatives by using a
phone and his VKontakte social network account, where he occasionally posts new
photographs.

Erast has a philosophical approach to the future:
"I can't imagine what will happen to me in 20 years. I don't see myself as
one of those wise elders or a bishop. Monasticism does not offer a career. I
just want to live with Christ. For as long as I am destined to."

A production line for jam and epilobium tea

The St. Nikolayevsky men's monastery, where Erast
lives, is the oldest in the Urals. It was founded in Verkhoturye in 1604, at a
time when the Russian Church was still not separate from the government. After
the 1917 revolution the monastery was closed and turned into a colony.
Restoration work began in 1990.

A monk with cakes at St. Nicholas Monastery. Source: Daria Kezina

Today it is an open monastery, living on church
services, donations and the work of pilgrims. There are 30 monks living in the
monastery, 25 religious students and about 30 pilgrims, carrying out various
tasks.

The St. Kosminskaya Hermitage, a men's monastery
located 19 miles from Verkhoturye in the secluded picturesque settlement of
Kostylev, is completely different. The local monks collect willowherb, or
Epilobium, in the forests and the meadows, ferment it and make the famous
ancient Russian healing drink, Epilobium tea. They also make jam from cones and
wild berries. The monastery’s products are supplied to many Russian cities. Hieromonk
Iona Lila told RIR that during the willowherb season the monks do shift work
24 hours a day, processing a ton of fresh leaf in one day.

"We try to combine physical work and prayer as
much as possible. We must always remember the ideal of the monk exerting
himself in his prayers - this is what we aspire to," says the superior of
the monastery, Hegumen Peter.

Life by ancient decree

It is difficult to doubt the trueness of the local
monks' faith. They live according to the Athonite Charter (first established in
the monastic community of Mount Athos in Greece in 971). Women are not allowed
on the territory. The remote white-stoned cloister, surrounded by fields and
forests, creates the feeling of an unapproachable medieval fortress. Only the cell
tower behind the walls and the door phones allude to the 21st century.

The St. Kosminskaya brotherhood began developing in
1994. Today there are 25 monks. There are former military personnel, policemen
and musicians here. People come from Ukraine, Kazakhstan and even from the
American state of Michigan.

The American monk is 28 years old, and has
lived in the St. Kosminskaya Hermitage for the last five years. The monastery's
superiors hide this strange wanderer from journalists, but they can tell you
his story. He was born in St. Petersburg and at a young age his mother took him
to the U.S. There the youth entered the seminary, but when he met several Ural
monks on the internet he decided to become one of them. "It's
bizarre," the monks say about the American. "What was the point of
going overseas, only to find his place here?"

Who is capable of a monastic life?

Despite the fact that the St. Kosminskaya Hermitage
is a well-equipped monastery with healthy food and medical services, not that
many people remain here. In the first five years, before being tonsured as a
monk, a man can leave the monastery at any moment, and this will not be
considered betrayal or cowardice.

At the yard of St. Nicholas Monastery and the Verkhotursky Kremlin. Source: Daria Kezina

"If anyone could say what exactly brings one
to a monastery, this person would be God," say the Verkhoturye monks.
"Despair and failures never bring anyone to a monastery. And if they do,
those people don’t stay long."

People with criminal backgrounds are also incapable
of living a monastic life, according to what the St. Kosminskaya Hermitage has
witnessed. Neither is the monastery enthusiastic about accepting married men.
One venerable Moscow archpriest-theologian, who has 12 children - from which
two daughters are nuns and three sons are priests - said: "If it wasn't
for monasticism, family life would be meaningless."

In Orthodoxy it is considered that ideally there is
no significant difference between family life and monastic life, and that
family life is similar to a monastery. Both have their charters, their shrines
and their holy events.

"Therefore, if a person has a family and he
comes and wants to become a monk, I tell him: Sorry, my friend, you already
have your monastery," says Hegumen Peter.