Ion exclusion is one of the processes for separating electrolyte from non-electrolytes or weak electrolytes and its efficiency depends on operating variables. In single-pass experiments, low flow rate, small feed volume and low electrolyte concentration give small H.E.T.P. at constant temperature. It gives better result for separating electrolyte and non-electrolyte mixture. Relationship between H.E.T.P. and these variables obtained from experimental data is as follows: where the constant k is a function of other variables and the characteristic of systems used. Recycle procedure makes it possible to obtain a high-grade product.

A generalised power correlated equation has been developed to account for all the important factors such as geometrical variables and the shear-thining properties of highly viscous liquids when agitated by off-centered helical screw impellers. To avoid the complexity of power equation suggested by Chavan and Ulbrecht, a modified equation which is neglected effect of c/d term was suggested. This equation is verified within a deviation of . The correlation has been obtained when the Reynolds number were in the range of 0.01 to 20. The validity of the relation has been verified only in the range of 0.3

A generalised power correlated equation has been developed to account for all the important factors such as geometrical An experimental study has been made on the extraction of chromium(VI) ion through a W/O/W liquid membrane which contains tridodecylamine as a carrier. Operating conditions for the stable W/O emulsion, determined from the measurements of the emulsion breakups, were that the concentration of surfactant, Span 80, is 3 wt percent and that the volume ratio of the inner aqueous phase and the oil phase is 1/2. The extractions were carried out under these stable conditions. More than 90% of chromium(VI) ion with its initial concentration of 1,000 ppm can be extracted with two stages in 10 minutes when the concentration of carrier is 3 wt percent, when the concentration of NaOH in the inner aqueous phase is 0.1 N, and when the volume ratio of the emulsion and the waste water is 1/5.

The temperature progammed desorption method was applied to the propylene-catalysts system in order to investigate the active sites of heterogeneous catalyst surface. From the desorption curves obtained, the existence of two different kinds of active sites on and heteropoly acid was confirmed. It was found that active sites of occupy 1.0% of the total surface, 75% of which has 12.9kcal/mole of the activation energy of propylene desorption, and 25% of which has 14.7 kcal/mole. The active site for propylene chemisorption on heteropoly acid was also found to be 6.9% of the total surface area, 80% of which has 5.24 kal/mole of activation energy and 20% of which 8.64kcal/mole for propylene desorption.

A study was performed to develop a useful catalyst and to find its optimum reaction condition for the catalytic formation of benzaldehyde from toluene through vapor phase oxidation. For this purpose, was selected as a main catalyst and was added to enhance the activity of the catalyst. The yield of benzaldehyde was determined by analyzing the gas products produced during passing through the catalyst layer. The following results were obtained: 1. The catalyst, whose composition is 80%, 20% by mole ratio, shows the highest activity. 2. The optimum reaction conditions are of reaction temperature, of space velocity, and 26 of air/toluene mole ratio.

Microwave is used as th heat source for freeze-drying process and the unsteady-state behavior of spherical model is analysed numerically. the Crank Nicolson method is used to solve the transient energy and mass transfer equations in both ice core and dried layer. A mathematical model is used to simulate the freeze-drying of beef meat. The drying time decreases as the electric field strength increases. The drying time decreases as the pressure of vacuum chamber increases to , at which the minimum drying time occurs. And further increase of the vacuum chamber pressure results in the increase of the drying time. It has also been found that ambient temperature, partial pressure of water vapor in the vacuum chamber, and sample radius directly affect the drying time.

A conventional randomly packed bed reactor of immobilized cells often has several problems which reduce productivity, including plugging and channelling. A new fixed biofilm reactor has been developed to overcome these disadvantages and to increase overall productivity. Kinetic parameters, such as the saturation constant and the apparent maximum specific production rate for the fermentation of glucose, have been determined, and the ethanol tolerance has been examined. The kinetics of the fixed biofilm reactor were compared with those of the continuous stirred tank reactor.

In the binary system of n-heptane and water the mechanism of liquid-liquid separation was investigated experimentally. The effects of the mixing time, temperature and phase ratio on phase separation were examined. The drop sizes were estimated, using photographic measurements. Based on present experimental data, the following empirical equation for predicting separation characteristics was produced:

By depicting the transfer of heat and combustion reaction to take place within thin gas layers close to the propellant burning in a steady-state fashion, a new theoretical relationship has been deduced to describe the burning rates of solid propellants as a function of initial grain temperature and chamber pressure. The proposed equation is where BR=burning rate, , k, n = constants, energy, Ti=initial grain temperature, C = effective temperature rise, P = Combustion chamber pressure and Z = mean Compressibility factor. The proposed model was tested and evaluated visa vis strand burner data and it was found that the deviation of the computed burning rates from the measured ones ranged zero to 2%. This leads to the conclusion that the model proposed herein, both physical and mathematical, correctly represents the reality of combustion process of solid propellants, thus proving to be useful in design an performance analysis of propulsion system.

The sulfidization of titaniferous magnetite(Soyonpyongdo, Korea) with sulfur dioxide in the presence of carbon was studied. The study of this reaction included reaction variables such as reaction temperature, time, weight ratio of added carbon to titaniferous magnetite, flow rate of sulfur dioxide, and particle size of titaniferous magnetite. An attempt was made to produce synthetic rutile from titaniferous magnetite by the sulfidization. The optimum conditions for the reaction were that reaction temperature was , reaction time, 1 h, weight ratio of added carbon to titaniferous magnetite 0.7, particle size of titaniferous magnetite -150 mesh, and flow rate (reactor size: ID = 2.8cm, length = 100cm) . The synthetic rutile prepared by leaching the sulfidized product with 1 M HCl was identified as rutile by the x-ray diffraction analysis and was found to contain 82.15% .