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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022\u003E@import url(\u0022https:\/\/ng.neurology.org\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css?pnytxw\u0022);\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003Clink type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/qtip2\/2.2.1\/jquery.qtip.min.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Cstyle type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022\u003E@import url(\u0022https:\/\/ng.neurology.org\/sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/aan\/css\/components\/highwire\/highwire.style.markup.css?pnytxw\u0022);\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-drupal-pub-aan-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n \n \n \n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance=\u0022highwire_reflinks_tooltip\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EAbstract\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-1\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-466\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EObjective\u003C\/strong\u003E To show the potential of a resource consisting of a genealogy of the US record linked to National Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patient data for investigation of the genetic contribution to health-related phenotypes, we present an analysis of familial clustering of VHA patients diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-2\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-467\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMethods\u003C\/strong\u003E Patients with AD were identified by the \u003Cem\u003EInternational Classification of Diseases\u003C\/em\u003E code. The Genealogical Index of Familiality method was used to compare the average relatedness of VHA patients with AD with expected relatedness. Relative risks for AD were estimated in first- to fifth- degree relatives of patients with AD using population rates for AD.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-3\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-468\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResults\u003C\/strong\u003E Evidence for significant excess relatedness and significantly elevated risks for AD in relatives was observed; multiple pedigrees with a significant excess of VHA patients with AD were identified.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-4\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-469\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EConclusions\u003C\/strong\u003E This analysis of AD shows the nascent power of the US Veterans Genealogy Resource, in early stages, to provide evidence for familial clustering of multiple phenotypes, and shows the utility of this VHA genealogic resource for future genetic studies.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section glossary\u0022 id=\u0022glossary-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EGlossary\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cdl id=\u0022def-list-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-1\u0022\u003EAD\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E=\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003EAlzheimer disease\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-2\u0022\u003ECI\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E=\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003Econfidence interval\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-3\u0022\u003EGIF\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E=\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003EGenealogical Index of Familiality\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-4\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EICD\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E=\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Cem\u003EInternational Classification of Diseases\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-5\u0022\u003EPTSD\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E=\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003Eposttraumatic stress disorder\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-6\u0022\u003ERR\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E=\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003Erelative risk\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-7\u0022\u003ETBI\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E=\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003Etraumatic brain injury\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-8\u0022\u003EUPDB\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E=\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003EUtah Population Database\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-9\u0022\u003EVHA\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E=\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003EVeterans Health Administration\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-10\u0022\u003EVISN\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E=\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003EVeterans Integrated Service Network\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003C\/dl\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-470\u0022\u003EThe US Veterans Genealogy Project links a genealogy of the United States with medical data for Veterans who use the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) system. While still in its infancy, at a current size of 63 million individuals with genealogy data linked to 810,632 VHA patients, it is already sufficiently large for investigation of familial clustering for many health-related phenotypes.\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-1\u0022\u003E1\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E With a resource that allows identification of individuals with a phenotype of interest, and for which biological relationships are known, it is possible to test for an underlying genetic predisposition.\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-2-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-2\u0022\u003E2\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E This resource provides a unique opportunity to explore evidence for many phenotypes and to identify a rich resource of extended high-risk pedigrees.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-471\u0022\u003EUsing this unique VHA resource still under creation, we present analysis of close and distant relationships among individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD). This analysis of familial clustering in a population of US Veterans shows significant evidence for excess relatedness, significantly elevated risks in relatives, and identifies multiple extended high-risk pedigrees, confirming evidence supporting a genetic contribution to AD and displaying the potential of a powerful new national resource for predisposition gene identification.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section methods\u0022 id=\u0022sec-5\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EMethods\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-6\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\u003Ch3\u003EUS veterans genealogy\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-472\u0022\u003EGenealogic data for over 63 million individuals gathered from public sources have been linked to a US genealogy. This resource is currently based on collected genealogy data that to date focused on Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Hawaii, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, and Massachusetts. Original sources used to compile the genealogy data include vital records, church records, censuses from 1850 to 1940, published genealogies, cemetery records, including gravestone inscriptions, family trees shared publicly online, oral history, and a variety of other sources used by genealogists to compile family trees. The demographic data for over 11 million Veterans using the VHA System was record-linked to this US genealogy data using GenMergeDB (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.pleiades-software.com\u0022\u003Epleiades-software.com\u003C\/a\u003E), which has been used to create, and link records to, multiple genealogic resources for decades.\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-1-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-1\u0022\u003E1\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E Over 810,000 VHA patients were record-linked to a unique individual in the genealogy using name, birthdate, and relationship data. After record linking was accomplished, no individual identifying data were used. The most important genealogic data for individuals are that for ancestors. We selected those VHA patients who linked to good ancestral data to allow more precise matching of controls; ancestral data allow us to identify more distantly related individuals in the same generation. Of the 810,632 VHA patients with linked genealogy data, 184,658 patients have genealogy data for at least 8 of their immediate ancestors, including at least both parents, all 4 grandparents, and at least 2 great grandparents (many patients have much more genealogy data). These VHA patients with at least 8 of their immediate ancestors were analyzed here.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-7\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\u003Ch3\u003EStandard protocol approvals, registrations, and patient consents\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-473\u0022\u003EAccess to health data for the (unidentified) VHA patients with linked genealogy was approved by the University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Institutional Review Board, and approval was obtained from an oversight committee for the VHA resource.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-474\u0022\u003EAlthough the construction of the US genealogy to date has focused on genealogy sources with life events in the Western states, and the resource represents less than 25% of the final US genealogy to be created, VHA patients born in every state have been identified. Among the 810,632 Veterans who link to the genealogy, there are patients identified in all the 18 VHA Veterans Integrated Service Networks (VISNs or regions) across the United States. Of the 46% of the 810,632 linked VHA patients who have VISN data available, the largest numbers of linked VHA patients were in VISN 16 (South Central: 29,907), VISN 8 (Sunshine: 28,299), VISN 23 (Midwest: 25,618), and VISN 19 (Rocky Mountain: 23,291), and the smallest numbers of linked patients were in VISN 5 (Capitol: 7,740), VISN 2 (Upstate New York: 7,813), and VISN 3 (New York, New Jersey: 8,876). Among the 810,632 Veterans who link to the genealogy, there are 154,213 female patients (19%); among the 184,658 patients with good ancestral data, 15% are female. A wide age range of VHA patients linked to genealogy data, with birth years ranging from the early 1900s to the 1990s. The birth year distribution of the 810,632 VHA patients who linked to any genealogy differed slightly from that of the 184,658 VHA patients who had deeper ancestral genealogy data. Among the 810,632 linked VHA patients, 11% were born before 1911, compared with 14% of the 184,658 VHA patients who linked to ancestral data; 16% of all 810,632 VHA patients who linked to genealogy data were born in the 1960s to the 1990s, compared with 9% of the 184,658 VHA patients with ancestral data. These differences might be expected, given that males have higher record linking rates than females because of fewer name changes and that individuals born less recently can be expected to have more descendants.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-8\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\u003Ch3\u003EVHA patients diagnosed with AD\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-475\u0022\u003EThe VHA has used an electronic medical record system at most VHA medical centers for inpatient and outpatient care since 1994. These records provide a rich source of phenotype data on the 11 million Veterans who use the system. \u003Cem\u003EInternational Classification of Diseases (ICD) Revision 9\u003C\/em\u003E coding was used to identify patients with AD (331.0).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-9\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\u003Ch3\u003EGenealogical Index of Familiality\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-476\u0022\u003EThe Genealogical Index of Familiality (GIF) test is a well-established method for testing for excess relatedness. It was developed for use with the Utah Population Database (UPDB), the first US genealogic resource used in research,\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-2-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-2\u0022\u003E2\u003C\/a\u003E,\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-3-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-3\u0022\u003E3\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E and has previously been used to establish evidence for many disease phenotypes, e.g., all cancer,\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-4-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-4\u0022\u003E4\u003C\/a\u003E,\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-5-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-5\u0022\u003E5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E asthma mortality,\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-6-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-6\u0022\u003E6\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E rotator cuff disease,\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-7-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-7\u0022\u003E7\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E lumbar disc disease,\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-8-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-8\u0022\u003E8\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E Alzheimer mortality,\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-9-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-9\u0022\u003E9\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E and prostate cancer,\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-10-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-10\u0022\u003E10\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E among others. A similar method has been used to establish evidence for familial clustering for a variety of medical conditions in the Icelandic Genealogy resource.\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-11-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-11\u0022\u003E11\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-477\u0022\u003EThe GIF statistic is a measure of the average pairwise relatedness for a set of individuals, for example, all VHA patients with AD. The pairwise relatedness is measured using the Mal\u00e9cot coefficient of kinship,\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-12-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-12\u0022\u003E12\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E which is computed from genealogy information to estimate genetic relatedness for a pair of individuals. The coefficient of kinship estimates the probability that 2 alleles at a locus are identical by descent (inherited from a common ancestor) in a pair of individuals. All possible paths of relatedness are considered in the calculation. Most pairwise relationships in a large population-based genealogy are genetic distance = 0 (unrelated). For related pairs, the genetic distance increases with genetic distance, for example, for parent and offspring = 1, for siblings or for grandparent\/grandchild = 2, for avunculars = 3, for first cousins = 4, for second cousins = 6, and, similarly, for more distant relationships. The GIF statistic is multiplied by 10\u003Csup\u003E5\u003C\/sup\u003E for ease of presentation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-478\u0022\u003EThe GIF test compares the average pairwise relatedness of a group of individuals to the expected average relatedness, which is estimated for a group of similar individuals in the population. The expected average pairwise relatedness for a set of VHA patients can be estimated for a randomly selected set of matched controls for the cases from the population of all VHA patients with linked genealogy data; controls are matched to cases for sex and 5-year birth year cohort. To estimate the mean expected pairwise relatedness, 1,000 sets of matched VHA controls were randomly selected and analyzed. The empirical significance of the GIF test was obtained by comparing the case GIF statistic to the distribution of the 1,000 control GIF statistics. This comparison of average pairwise relatedness tests whether the VHA patients with AD have significantly higher relatedness than expected in the VHA population. The GIF test does not allow determination of whether the familial clustering observed is due to environmental factors, genetic factors, or some combination. To consider whether familial clustering might primarily be due to shared exposures or behavior among close relatives, rather than shared genetics, the GIF method includes a distant relatedness test (dGIF). The dGIF test is performed as for the GIF test, but all relationships closer than third degree are ignored. Thus, the dGIF test ignores relationships most affected by shared environment or behavior and tests for the presence of excess distant relatedness only. Significant evidence for excess distant relatedness is strongly suggestive of a genetic contribution. The GIF statistic summarizes average pairwise relatedness in a single measure.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-479\u0022\u003EThe contribution to the GIF statistic can be quantified separately for the different genetic distances observed among pairs of cases and controls (\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F1\u0022\u003Efigure 1\u003C\/a\u003E). The genetic distance measure represents, for example, 1 for parent\/offspring, 2 for siblings or grandparent\/grandchild, 3 for avunculars or similar, 4 for first cousins or similar, 6 for second cousins or similar, and so forth.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022F1\u0022 class=\u0022fig pos-float odd\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-figure\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ng.neurology.org\/content\/nng\/4\/4\/e249\/F1.large.jpg?width=800\u0026amp;height=600\u0026amp;carousel=1\u0022 title=\u0022\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-fragment fragment-images colorbox-load\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-images-1057065911\u0022 data-figure-caption=\u0022\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022hw-responsive-img\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022highwire-fragment fragment-image lazyload\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 1\u0022 src=\u0022data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\u0022 data-src=\u0022https:\/\/ng.neurology.org\/content\/nng\/4\/4\/e249\/F1.medium.gif\u0022 width=\u0022440\u0022 height=\u0022259\u0022\/\u003E\u003Cnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022highwire-fragment fragment-image\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 1\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/ng.neurology.org\/content\/nng\/4\/4\/e249\/F1.medium.gif\u0022 width=\u0022440\u0022 height=\u0022259\u0022\/\u003E\u003C\/noscript\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022highwire-figure-links inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022download-fig first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ng.neurology.org\/content\/nng\/4\/4\/e249\/F1.large.jpg?download=true\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download\u0022 title=\u0022Download Figure 1\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload figure\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022new-tab\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ng.neurology.org\/content\/nng\/4\/4\/e249\/F1.large.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EOpen in new tab\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022download-ppt last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/8063\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-caption\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fig-label\u0022\u003EFigure 1\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption-title\u0022\u003EContribution to the GIF statistic by pairwise genetic distance for cases compared with the average for 1,000 sets of matched controls\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-10\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\u003Ch3\u003ERRs in relatives\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-480\u0022\u003EThe estimation of relative risk (RR) in relatives provides a more traditional mechanism for identifying evidence for a genetic contribution. A genetic contribution to a phenotype is supported when both close and distant relatives show evidence of elevated risk. First-degree relatives include parents, siblings, or offspring; second-degree relatives are the first-degree relatives of first-degree relatives (e.g., uncle, grandmother); third-degree relatives are the first-degree relatives of second-degree relatives (e.g., first cousin, great grandchild), and so forth. RRs were estimated for first- to fifth-degree relatives of VHA patients diagnosed with AD as follows; all relatives considered were also VHA patients. All 184,658 patients in the VHA genealogy with genealogy data including at least 8 of 14 immediate ancestors were assigned to one of 67 cohorts based on birth year (in 5 years groups) and sex. The cohort-specific rate of AD was estimated as the number of AD cases in each cohort divided by the total number of linked VHA patients in the cohort. Expected numbers of first-degree relatives with AD were estimated by counting the number of relatives, all of whom were VHA patients with genealogy data, by cohort (without duplication), multiplying by the rate of AD in each cohort, and summing over all cohorts. Observed numbers of AD cases among relatives were counted without duplication. RRs were estimated for each degree of relationship (= observed\/expected AD patients); 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the RR were calculated using standard methods.\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-13-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-13\u0022\u003E13\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-11\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\u003Ch3\u003EHigh-risk pedigrees\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-481\u0022\u003ETo identify high-risk pedigrees for AD, all relationships among all VHA patients with AD were analyzed. Consideration of all ancestral vectors allowed identification of clusters of related cases; the nearest common ancestor was identified for each independent cluster of related patients with AD. No completely overlapping clusters were considered, but some cases appeared in more than 1 cluster (or pedigree). For a given founder of a cluster of related patients, the number of observed AD cases among the descendants of the founder who were VHA patients was counted. To estimate the expected number of patients with AD among the descendants, all linked VHA patients among the descendants were counted by cohort; the number of linked VHA patients in each cohort was multiplied by the cohort-specific rate for AD (estimated as described above) and summed over all cohorts. A comparison of the number of observed to expected linked AD cases among the descendants in each cluster (pedigree) was made; if a significant excess of AD patients was observed (\u003Cem\u003Ep\u003C\/em\u003E \u0026lt; 0.05), the pedigree was termed high-risk.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section results\u0022 id=\u0022sec-12\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EResults\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-482\u0022\u003EIn the VHA resource, 4,117 Veterans with genealogy for at least 8 immediate ancestors and who had an \u003Cem\u003EICD-9\u003C\/em\u003E code indicating AD were identified; 194 (5%) were female. \u003Ca id=\u0022xref-table-wrap-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-table\u0022 href=\u0022#T1\u0022\u003ETable 1\u003C\/a\u003E summarizes the results of the GIF analysis for AD. The GIF test summary includes the sample size (n), GIF statistic for cases (case GIF), mean GIF statistic for 1,000 sets of controls (mean control GIF), empirical significance for comparison of overall GIF (empirical GIF p), distant GIF statistic for cases (case dGIF), mean dGIF statistic for controls (mean control dGIF), and empirical significance for comparison of dGIF (empirical dGIF p). The average pairwise relatedness for the 4,117 patients with AD was higher than expected for the VHA patient population (\u003Cem\u003Ep\u003C\/em\u003E \u0026lt; 0.001). When relationships closer than third degree (first cousins) were ignored, the average pairwise relatedness of the patients with AD was still elevated over expected relatedness (dGIF \u003Cem\u003Ep\u003C\/em\u003E \u0026lt; 0.001).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022T1\u0022 class=\u0022table pos-float\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022table-inline table-callout-links\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022callout\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EView this table:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022callout-links\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022view-inline first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022##\u0022 class=\u0022table-expand-inline\u0022 data-table-url=\u0022\/highwire\/markup\/8065\/expansion?postprocessors=highwire_tables%2Chighwire_reclass%2Chighwire_figures%2Chighwire_math%2Chighwire_inline_linked_media%2Chighwire_embed\u0026amp;table-expand-inline=1\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView inline\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022view-popup\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/markup\/8065\/expansion?width=1000\u0026amp;height=500\u0026amp;iframe=true\u0026amp;postprocessors=highwire_tables%2Chighwire_reclass%2Chighwire_figures%2Chighwire_math%2Chighwire_inline_linked_media%2Chighwire_embed\u0022 class=\u0022colorbox colorbox-load table-expand-popup\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-tables\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView popup\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022download-ppt last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/8065\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022table-caption\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022table-label\u0022\u003ETable 1\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-483\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003EGIF analysis in the VHA genealogy resource\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-484\u0022\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-1-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F1\u0022\u003EFigure 1\u003C\/a\u003E shows the contribution to the GIF statistic by the pairwise genetic distance for cases compared with averages for the 1,000 sets of matched controls. The effect of some data censoring based on the nature of the VHA data available can be observed in \u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-1-3\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F1\u0022\u003Efigure 1\u003C\/a\u003E. Data censoring is present because diagnostic data for VHA patients were available only from 1994 to present. Because medical diagnosis was only available for slightly more than 20 years (1994\u20132017), and because AD is typically diagnosed in older ages, AD-affected relatives who are in the same generation (e.g., first degree: siblings or third degree: cousins) are the most likely to be observed; affected relatives in different generations (which includes all second- and fourth-degree relatives, e.g., a grandparent and grandchild) are unlikely to be observed in this narrow window. As the resource increases in size and years of data, this censoring will be lessened.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-485\u0022\u003ETo validate that control matching and selection represented the VHA population and to demonstrate the overall baseline relatedness of VHA patients, we randomly selected 1 set of matched controls for the 4,117 patients with AD (termed \u201cmatched AD controls\u201d in \u003Ca id=\u0022xref-table-wrap-1-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-table\u0022 href=\u0022#T1\u0022\u003Etable 1\u003C\/a\u003E); we treated this set of randomly selected VHA patients as a set of \u201ccases\u201d and performed GIF analysis to determine whether this single set of controls differed from 1,000 sets of matched controls (selected to match the single set of matched AD controls). This original set of controls for patients with AD did not differ in expected relatedness from the set of 1,000 sets of matched controls (GIF \u003Cem\u003Ep\u003C\/em\u003E = 0.449, dGIF \u003Cem\u003Ep\u003C\/em\u003E = 0.720, \u003Ca id=\u0022xref-table-wrap-1-3\u0022 class=\u0022xref-table\u0022 href=\u0022#T1\u0022\u003Etable 1\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-486\u0022\u003EUsing the same methods, we also performed GIF analyses for VHA patients diagnosed with 2 other common phenotypes (prostate cancer and Parkinson disease) for purposes of comparison to AD and for comparison of results for these phenotypes reported from other resources. Prostate cancer cases were identified with \u003Cem\u003EICD-9\u003C\/em\u003E code 185, and Parkinson disease cases were identified with \u003Cem\u003EICD-9\u003C\/em\u003E code 332. The overall GIF test and the distant dGIF test showed significant excess relatedness for both phenotypes (\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-table-wrap-1-4\u0022 class=\u0022xref-table\u0022 href=\u0022#T1\u0022\u003Etable 1\u003C\/a\u003E). These analyses confirm previously published evidence of significant excess relatedness for both close and distant relationships for these 2 phenotypes from population-based genealogy resources in Utah,\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-4-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-4\u0022\u003E4\u003C\/a\u003E,\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-5-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-5\u0022\u003E5\u003C\/a\u003E,\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-14-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-14\u0022\u003E14\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E Iceland\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-11-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-11\u0022\u003E11\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E and Scandinavia.\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-15-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-15\u0022\u003E15\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E In addition, to demonstrate that not all sets of VHA patients show greater than expected excess relatedness, we randomly selected 5,000 VHA patients with genealogy data and no associated phenotype. Results for the GIF analysis of this random set of patients indicate no excess relatedness (\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-table-wrap-1-5\u0022 class=\u0022xref-table\u0022 href=\u0022#T1\u0022\u003Etable 1\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-13\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\u003Ch3\u003ERRs in relatives\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-487\u0022\u003EEstimated RRs for AD among relatives of patients with AD who are also VHA patients are shown in \u003Ca id=\u0022xref-table-wrap-2-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-table\u0022 href=\u0022#T2\u0022\u003Etable 2\u003C\/a\u003E, which displays degree relatedness, total number of relatives among linked VHA patients (n), observed number of relatives with AD who were VHA patients (obs), expected number of relatives with AD who were VHA patients (exp), RR, significance (\u003Cem\u003Ep\u003C\/em\u003E value), and 95% CI for the RR (95% CI). RRs for AD were significantly elevated among first- (RR = 1.82) and fifth-degree relatives (RR = 1.22) of patients with AD who were VHA patients and were elevated (RR = 1.06), but not significantly (\u003Cem\u003Ep\u003C\/em\u003E = 0.380), among third-degree relatives. RR results for second- and fourth-degree relatives are affected by data censoring issues, as discussed previously. This is apparent when, for example, the different types of first-degree relatives are considered separately; 558 of the 882 first-degree relatives identified were siblings, whereas only 274 were children and 50 were parents. Because only 5% of the VHA AD patients were female, comparisons of effects by sex were not possible. For example, all the 41 affected sibling pairs observed were brothers, and both of the observed affected children of affected parents were sons.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022T2\u0022 class=\u0022table pos-float\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022table-inline table-callout-links\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022callout\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EView this table:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022callout-links\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022view-inline first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022##\u0022 class=\u0022table-expand-inline\u0022 data-table-url=\u0022\/highwire\/markup\/8066\/expansion?postprocessors=highwire_tables%2Chighwire_reclass%2Chighwire_figures%2Chighwire_math%2Chighwire_inline_linked_media%2Chighwire_embed\u0026amp;table-expand-inline=1\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView inline\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022view-popup\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/markup\/8066\/expansion?width=1000\u0026amp;height=500\u0026amp;iframe=true\u0026amp;postprocessors=highwire_tables%2Chighwire_reclass%2Chighwire_figures%2Chighwire_math%2Chighwire_inline_linked_media%2Chighwire_embed\u0022 class=\u0022colorbox colorbox-load table-expand-popup\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-tables\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView popup\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022download-ppt last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/8066\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022table-caption\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022table-label\u0022\u003ETable 2\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-488\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003EEstimated RRs for AD among first-to fifth-degree relatives of patients with AD in the VHA genealogy resource\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-14\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\u003Ch3\u003EHigh-risk pedigrees\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-489\u0022\u003ETwo hundred forty-five high-risk AD pedigrees were identified (\u003Cem\u003Ep\u003C\/em\u003E \u0026lt; 0.05), with at least 2 and up to 117 related VHA AD patients. \u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-2-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F2\u0022\u003EFigure 2\u003C\/a\u003E shows an example high-risk AD pedigree identified in the VHA genealogy resource; only the descending lines to the VHA AD patients are shown. The pedigree includes 6 related VHA AD patients, only 1.2 AD cases were expected among the descendants who were VHA patients (\u003Cem\u003Ep\u003C\/em\u003E = 0.0012). The pedigree founder was born in Pennsylvania in the late 1700s and has almost 6,000 descendants in the genealogy; 67 descendants are VHA-linked patients.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022F2\u0022 class=\u0022fig pos-float odd\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-figure\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ng.neurology.org\/content\/nng\/4\/4\/e249\/F2.large.jpg?width=800\u0026amp;height=600\u0026amp;carousel=1\u0022 title=\u0022\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-fragment fragment-images colorbox-load\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-images-1057065911\u0022 data-figure-caption=\u0022\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022hw-responsive-img\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022highwire-fragment fragment-image lazyload\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 2\u0022 src=\u0022data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\u0022 data-src=\u0022https:\/\/ng.neurology.org\/content\/nng\/4\/4\/e249\/F2.medium.gif\u0022 width=\u0022440\u0022 height=\u0022123\u0022\/\u003E\u003Cnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022highwire-fragment fragment-image\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 2\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/ng.neurology.org\/content\/nng\/4\/4\/e249\/F2.medium.gif\u0022 width=\u0022440\u0022 height=\u0022123\u0022\/\u003E\u003C\/noscript\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022highwire-figure-links inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022download-fig first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ng.neurology.org\/content\/nng\/4\/4\/e249\/F2.large.jpg?download=true\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download\u0022 title=\u0022Download Figure 2\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload figure\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022new-tab\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ng.neurology.org\/content\/nng\/4\/4\/e249\/F2.large.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EOpen in new tab\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022download-ppt last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/8064\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-caption\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fig-label\u0022\u003EFigure 2\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption-title\u0022\u003EExample high-risk AD pedigree identified in the VHA resource\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-490\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003EMale founder has 2 marriages as does male grandson of the founder\u0027s first marriage; fully shaded are AD cases.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section discussion\u0022 id=\u0022sec-15\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EDiscussion\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-491\u0022\u003EThe VHA Genealogy Resource is a unique resource that continues to grow and improve. We used this partially constructed US genealogy of over 63 million individuals linked to almost 1 million patient records representing all VHA local areas to show the potential for genetic analyses, using AD, a complex disease, as an example. The Alzheimer\u0027s Association (2015) has reported that AD is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. The annual cost of dementia in the United States has been estimated to be $215 billion in 2010 and is expected to double by 2040.\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-16-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-16\u0022\u003E16\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E One study\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-17-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-17\u0022\u003E17\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E projected 13.8 million people diagnosed with AD dementia by 2050 in the United States. Although old age is the primary risk factor for AD, a genetic contribution to AD predisposition is also well recognized.\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-18-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-18\u0022\u003E18\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E Mutations in A\u03b2PP, Presenilin 1, and Presenilin 2 have been implicated in familial or early-onset AD; the APOE \u03b54 allele is a major genetic risk factor for AD; and other genetic risk factors involving lipid metabolism and immune function are recognized.\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-19-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-19\u0022\u003E19\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022xref-sep\u0022\u003E,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-20-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-20\u0022\u003E\u2013\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022xref-sep\u0022\u003E,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-22-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-22\u0022\u003E22\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-492\u0022\u003EBoth traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been linked to an increased risk of AD and other dementias, and both are \u201csignature injuries\u201d of individuals serving in the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts.\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-23-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-23\u0022\u003E23\u003C\/a\u003E,\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-24-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-24\u0022\u003E24\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E Although AD is recognized as an important public health issue, the association of these military-related injuries with AD makes it of particular importance among military health issues. The association of TBI and PTSD with an increased risk of AD suggests that it may be valuable to identify those military personnel at high risk of AD and to develop interventions that could limit the progression or onset of disease. The results of this analysis of the VHA population, in combination with similar studies, suggest that there is a genetic contribution to AD and that predisposition can already be recognized through knowledge of family history of AD. As AD predisposition genes are identified, increased risk may also be recognized by screening.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-493\u0022\u003EOur analyses demonstrate significant evidence for excess familial clustering of VHA patients with AD compared with expected clustering in this population; significantly elevated RRs for AD in both close and distant relatives were observed, and many pedigrees with a significant excess of AD cases have been identified. This combined evidence confirms a heritable contribution to the observed familial clustering of AD. The pedigrees we identified suggest a highly elevated risk among some families. Such pedigrees are the ideal starting point for whole-genome sequence\u2013based approaches to the identification and characterization of rare high-penetrance variants.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-494\u0022\u003EIn addition to the evidence presented for excess relatedness of individuals diagnosed with AD, using the same methods, we have replicated published evidence for excess familial relatedness for 2 other common phenotypes to generalize validation of the resource. The 2 common disease phenotypes examined (prostate cancer and Parkinson disease) have previously been recognized to have a heritable component in other populations. Analysis of the VHA genealogy resource confirmed significant evidence for excess relatedness for both phenotypes; these results additionally validate the US VHA Genealogy Resource in terms of data quality and power for analysis of familial clustering.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-495\u0022\u003EThere are limitations to this analysis. It is optimal to match controls based on all characteristics that might affect record linking or that are associated with the phenotype examined; we know that birth year, sex, and birth state (Utah or not) affect the overall relatedness of individuals in the similar UPDB genealogic resource that represents the Utah population.\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-2-3\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-2\u0022\u003E2\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E For this analysis of the VHA resource, matching was performed only for birth year and sex. Although the rate of AD was similar (2%) in both the 810,632 VHA patients linking to any genealogy and the 184,658 VHA patients with at least 8 of their immediate ancestors, the VHA patients with at least 8 of their immediate ancestors had a slightly lower rate of females and represented a population born slightly later than all VHA patients who linked to genealogy. It is not clear what effect these slight differences might have had on the results. Historically, race data have not been stored for the majority of demographic records in the VHA system, and so was unavailable. In future, as more data become available, we propose to use data including birth state, VISN, occupational exposures, rank, and socioeconomic status, for example, for matching.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-496\u0022\u003EData censoring is also an issue for this resource. VHA cases who fail to link to genealogy data are censored, as are diagnoses made outside the VHA system, or before 1994. This censoring of cases might affect the estimation of rates of AD; however, because rates were estimated for the entire linked population of VHA patients and were only used as relative comparisons, this censoring is not expected to affect results or tests of hypotheses. The overall rate of AD among all VHA patients with linked genealogy data was 2.2% (4,117\/184,658). AD rates ranged from \u223c5% among male patients born before 1925 decreasing to 0.1% in male patients born in the 1960s, with rates of \u223c3% in females born before 1925 decreasing to 0.1% in female patients born in the 1950s.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-497\u0022\u003EIn addition, genealogy data may not always represent biological relationships. However, such censoring is assumed to be independent of phenotype and equally affects both cases and controls. Finally, the data set is limited to primarily males, individuals who are part of groups who have shared genealogic data, and veterans who used the VHA system; this is true of both cases and controls, but may have affected results. The familial clustering methods presented are very robust to data censoring. Controls are VHA patients, matched for sex and birth year, and are required to have linkage to genealogy data of similar quality and quantity as cases. It is difficult to conceive of a mechanism by which significant excess relatedness would exhibit itself in the VHA resource in the absence of any true heritable component. Because of censoring, it is much more likely that the evidence of excess relatedness presented is conservatively estimated. The relatedness analysis of a set of matched controls considered as cases and the results for the 5,000 random VHA patients with no selected phenotype both demonstrated that the analysis method appropriately observes no evidence for familial clustering for these examples.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-498\u0022\u003EThe methods presented are robust to misclassification of cases. False negatives (missing identification of true VHA AD cases) could result in failing to observe evidence for excess relatedness; this did not occur. False positives, even at a very high rate, could only affect this familial clustering analysis if the assignment of the incorrect diagnosis of AD in a VHA patient occurred more often among close and distant relatives of AD cases than among all VHA patients. This is unlikely, given the US-wide coverage of VHA patients represented and the distance of the genetic relationships providing evidence of excess clustering.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-499\u0022\u003EThis VHA Genealogy Resource represents what we believe is already the largest genealogy linked to phenotype data based on its current size of over 63 million individuals and its linkage to medical data for over 810,000 VHA patients. This resource is still under construction; we estimate that the eventual size of this US genealogy will exceed 300 million individuals, with 40%\u201360% of the 11 million VHA patients with demographic data linked to genealogy. The analysis of the clustering of AD presented here is 1 example of the utility of the resource for genetic studies. The utility of this resource includes (1) demonstration of evidence for a genetic contribution to predisposition to many health-related phenotypes not commonly observed in other populations; (2) identification and study of high-risk pedigrees informative for predisposition gene identification; (3) estimation of family history\u2013based risk of any disorder of interest, which may be widely applicable to the US population; and (4) identification of both high- and low-risk individuals for any phenotype of interest for epidemiologic studies or clinical trials, among others. This resource may be uniquely powerful for analysis of phenotypes that are rarely observed and highly associated with military service and may have an underlying genetic contribution (e.g., PTSD).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-500\u0022\u003EClearly, this resource will improve in 2 distinct ways. Expansion of the genealogy data to all states is in progress. Second, there is enormous potential to refine the phenotypes analyzed. The use of \u003Cem\u003EICD-9\u003C\/em\u003E diagnostic coding to identify individuals with a phenotype is not optimal; such coding has other purposes than research and may misrepresent the phenotype in both directions (false positives and false negatives). Future analysis of this resource will dictate more refined phenotype definitions. The Electronic Medical Records and Genomics Network has demonstrated the benefit of more robust analysis using multiple components of the medical record.\u003Csup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-25-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-25\u0022\u003E25\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E Use of natural language processing algorithms from text data in medical notes may allow better identification of phenotypes on a large scale. The VHA is well positioned to take advantage of these methods, specifically using the VHA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure resource.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-501\u0022\u003EIn conjunction with the recent Million Veterans Program sponsored by the VHA, which is collecting and storing DNA and demographic and risk data for 1 million VHA patients, extremely powerful genetic studies will soon be possible. With the future additions of genotypes, exposure data, and other data that are envisioned, this VHA genealogy\/phenotype resource will allow informative genetic studies that include relationship data on an extremely large scale, including gene by environment analyses, and analysis of other medical conditions related to service, which cannot be studied in most populations.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-502\u0022\u003EAn initial genetic analysis of AD has been presented using a powerful new and growing national resource linking genealogy and medical data. AD was selected as the example phenotype, given that it is a major health issue in the United States and the world and may be an important issue for the VHA in light of reported associations of AD with trauma. The analyses confirmed evidence for an inherited component to AD risk, identified a current resource of high-risk pedigrees that could be used for predisposition gene\/variant identification, and confirmed the power and utility of this VHA resource for genetic studies of complex human disease.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section contributions\u0022 id=\u0022sec-16\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EAuthor contributions\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-503\u0022 class=\u0022contributions\u0022\u003EL.A. Cannon-Albright: study concept, resource creation, study design, analysis, and manuscript preparation. S. Dintelman and T. Maness: genealogy data resource design and construction and record linking. J. Cerny: genealogy data collection and organization. A. Thomas: refinement of analysis methods and tools. S. Backus: creation of genealogy\/phenotype resource and analysis tools. J.M. Farnham: refinement of analysis tools. C.C. Teerlink, J. Contreras, and J.S.K. Kauwe: critical refinement of the manuscript. L.J. Meyer: resource concept and manuscript preparation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section funding\u0022 id=\u0022sec-17\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EStudy funding\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-504\u0022 class=\u0022funding\u0022\u003EThis material is based on work supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, and RF1 AG054052 (J.S.K.K, PI).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section disclosure\u0022 id=\u0022sec-18\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EDisclosure\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-505\u0022 class=\u0022disclosure\u0022\u003EL.A. Cannon-Albright has received research support from the NIH, US Department of Veterans Affairs, US Department of Defense, and Intermountain Research and Medical Foundation. S. Dintelman is or has been employed by Pleiades Software Development, Inc and has received research support from the Department of Veterans Affairs. T. Maness is or has been employed by Pleiades Software Development, Inc and has received research support from the Department of Veterans Affairs and Veterans Health Administration Office of Research and Development. J. Cerny is or has been employed by Lineages, Inc. and has received research support from the Department of Veterans Affairs. A. Thomas reports no disclosures. S. Backus has received research support from the US Department of Health and Human Services, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Army Medical Research Acquisition, and NIH. J.M. Farnham reports no disclosures. C.C. Teerlink has received research support from the NIH, Department of Veterans Affairs, and Department of Defense. J. Contreras has received funding for travel and\/or speaker honoraria from American University, Stanford University, Arizona State University, University of Texas, Intel Corp, Standards Engineering Society, Centre for International Governance Innovation, Harvard University, Tilburg University (Netherlands), American Antitrust Institute, Jindal Global University, Practicing Law Institute, University of California Berkeley, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Brigham Young University, National Law University\u2014Delhi, India, Leiden University, Netherlands, National Law School University, Hispanic National Bar Association, Creative Commons, Saint Louis University, Hunan University (China), RIETI (Japan), Japan Fair Trade Commission, and Duke University; receives or has received publishing royalties related to the Cambridge Handbook of Technical Standardization Law, Vol. 1, Cambridge Univ. Press 2017; has served as a consultant for Internet Society\/IETF, International SAE Consortium Ltd, Hillcrest Laboratories, Inc., Natl. Assn. of State Securities Agents, IPBridge, William Hagmaier, BLU Products, Wilson Electronics, Industry Pharmacogenomic Working Group; has received research support from the NIH, Arizona State University, University of Texas, International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Centre for International Governance Innovation, and Huntsman Cancer Institute and Foundation; and has participated in legal proceedings for the Internal Revenue Service and IPBridge. J. S.K. Kauwe serves or has served on scientific advisory boards of ADx Health Care; has served on the editorial board of \u003Cem\u003EAlzheimer\u0027s \u0026amp; Dementia\u003C\/em\u003E; holds patents related to systems, assays, and methods for determining risk factors for Alzheimer\u0027s disease; and serves or has served as a consultant for Genoma LLC. Laurence L.J. Meyer reports no disclosures. Full disclosure form information provided by the authors is available with the full text of this article at \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/ng.neurology.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1212\/NXG.0000000000000249\u0022\u003ENeurology.org\/NG\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section fn-group\u0022 id=\u0022fn-group-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EFootnotes\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn-financial-disclosure\u0022 id=\u0022fn-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EFunding information and disclosures are provided at the end of the article. Full disclosure form information provided by the authors is available with the full text of this article at \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/ng.neurology.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1212\/NXG.0000000000000249\u0022\u003ENeurology.org\/NG\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn-other\u0022 id=\u0022fn-2\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EThe Article Processing Charge was funded by VHA.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022history-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli xmlns:hwp=\u0022http:\/\/schema.highwire.org\/Journal\u0022 class=\u0022received\u0022 hwp:start=\u00222017-12-04\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022received-label\u0022\u003EReceived \u003C\/span\u003EDecember 4, 2017.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli xmlns:hwp=\u0022http:\/\/schema.highwire.org\/Journal\u0022 class=\u0022accepted\u0022 hwp:start=\u00222018-05-24\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022accepted-label\u0022\u003EAccepted in final form \u003C\/span\u003EMay 24, 2018.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003ECopyright \u00a9 2018 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022license\u0022 id=\u0022license-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-465\u0022\u003EThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\u0022 rel=\u0022license\u0022\u003ECreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND)\u003C\/a\u003E, which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section ref-list\u0022 id=\u0022ref-list-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EReferences\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-list ref-use-labels\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E1.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-1-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 1. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-1\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.1\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ECannon-Albright\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ELA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EDintelman\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ES\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EManess\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ET\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EBackus\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ES\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EThomas\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EMeyer\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ELJ\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003ECreation of a national resource with linked genealogy and phenotypic data: the Veterans Genealogy Project\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EGenet Med\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2013\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E15\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E541\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E547\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGenet%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D15%26rft.spage%253D541%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E2.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-2-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 2. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-2\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.2\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1159\/000112368\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ECannon-Albright\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ELA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EUtah family-based analysis: past, present and future\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EHum Hered\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2008\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E65\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E209\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E220\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DHuman%2Bheredity%26rft.stitle%253DHum%2BHered%26rft.aulast%253DCannon%2BAlbright%26rft.auinit1%253DL.%2BA.%26rft.volume%253D65%26rft.issue%253D4%26rft.spage%253D209%26rft.epage%253D220%26rft.atitle%253DUtah%2Bfamily-based%2Banalysis%253A%2Bpast%252C%2Bpresent%2Band%2Bfuture.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1159%252F000112368%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F18073491%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1159\/000112368\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=18073491\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fnng%2F4%2F4%2Fe249.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E3.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-3-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 3. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-3\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-book\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.3\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ESkolnick\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EM\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EThe Utah Geneological Database: a resource for genetic epidemiology\u003C\/span\u003E. In: \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003EBanbury Report No 4: Cancer Incidence in Defined Populations\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-publ-loc\u0022\u003ECold Spring Harbor\u003C\/span\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-publ-name\u0022\u003ECold Spring Harbor Laboratories\u003C\/span\u003E; \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1980\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E4.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-4-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 4. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-4\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.4\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ECannon\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EL\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EBishop\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EDT\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ESkolnick\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EMH\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHunt\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ES\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ELyon\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EJL\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ESmart\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ECR\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EGenetic epidemiology of prostate cancer in the Utah Mormon genealogy\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ECancer Surv\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1982\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E1\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E48\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E69\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DCancer%2BSurv%26rft.volume%253D1%26rft.spage%253D48%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E5.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-5-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 5. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-5\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.5\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ECannon-Albright\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ELA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EThomas\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EGoldgar\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EDE\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EFamiliality of cancer in Utah\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ECancer Res\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1994\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E54\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E2378\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E2385\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DCancer%2BResearch%26rft.stitle%253DCancer%2BRes.%26rft.aulast%253DCannon-Albright%26rft.auinit1%253DL.%2BA.%26rft.volume%253D54%26rft.issue%253D9%26rft.spage%253D2378%26rft.epage%253D2385%26rft.atitle%253DFamiliality%2Bof%2BCancer%2Bin%2BUtah%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F8162584%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/ijlink\/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NjoiY2FucmVzIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjk6IjU0LzkvMjM3OCI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjE4OiIvbm5nLzQvNC9lMjQ5LmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-abstract\u0022\u003EAbstract\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep\u0022\u003E\/\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-full-text\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022free-full-text\u0022\u003EFREE \u003C\/span\u003EFull Text\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E6.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-6-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 6. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-6\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.6\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1164\/rccm.200703-448OC\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ETeerlink\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ECC\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHegewald\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EMJ\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ECannon-Albright\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ELA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EA genealogical assessment of heritable predisposition to asthma mortality\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EAm J Respir Crit Care Med\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2007\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E176\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E865\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E870\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAm%2BJ%2BRespir%2BCrit%2BCare%2BMed%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1164%252Frccm.200703-448OC%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F17690335%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1164\/rccm.200703-448OC\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=17690335\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fnng%2F4%2F4%2Fe249.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E7.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-7-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 7. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-7\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.7\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.2106\/JBJS.H.00831\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ETashjian\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ERZ\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EFarnham\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EJM\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EAlbright\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EFS\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ETeerlink\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ECC\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ECannon-Albright\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ELA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EEvidence for an inherited predisposition contributing to the risk for rotator cuff disease\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EJ Bone Joint Surg Am\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2009\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E91\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E1136\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E1142\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DThe%2BJournal%2Bof%2BBone%2B%2526%2BJoint%2BSurgery%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BBone%2BJoint%2BSurg%2BAm%26rft.aulast%253DTashjian%26rft.auinit1%253DR.%2BZ.%26rft.volume%253D91%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D1136%26rft.epage%253D1142%26rft.atitle%253DEvidence%2Bfor%2Ban%2BInherited%2BPredisposition%2BContributing%2Bto%2Bthe%2BRisk%2Bfor%2BRotator%2BCuff%2BDisease%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.2106%252FJBJS.H.00831%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F19411462%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/ijlink\/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NjoiamJqc2FtIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjk6IjkxLzUvMTEzNiI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjE4OiIvbm5nLzQvNC9lMjQ5LmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-abstract\u0022\u003EAbstract\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep\u0022\u003E\/\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-full-text\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022free-full-text\u0022\u003EFREE \u003C\/span\u003EFull Text\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E8.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-8-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 8. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-8\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.8\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.2106\/JBJS.J.00276\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EPatel\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EAA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ESpiker\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EWR\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EDaubs\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EM\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EBrodke\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ED\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ECannon-Albright\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ELA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EEvidence for an inherited predisposition to lumbar disc disease\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EJ Bone Joint Surg Am\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2011\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E93\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E225\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E229\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DThe%2BJournal%2Bof%2BBone%2B%2526%2BJoint%2BSurgery%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BBone%2BJoint%2BSurg%2BAm%26rft.aulast%253DPatel%26rft.auinit1%253DA.%2BA.%26rft.volume%253D93%26rft.issue%253D3%26rft.spage%253D225%26rft.epage%253D229%26rft.atitle%253DEvidence%2Bfor%2Ban%2BInherited%2BPredisposition%2Bto%2BLumbar%2BDisc%2BDisease%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.2106%252FJBJS.J.00276%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F21266637%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/ijlink\/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NjoiamJqc2FtIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjg6IjkzLzMvMjI1IjtzOjQ6ImF0b20iO3M6MTg6Ii9ubmcvNC80L2UyNDkuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-abstract\u0022\u003EAbstract\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep\u0022\u003E\/\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-full-text\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022free-full-text\u0022\u003EFREE \u003C\/span\u003EFull Text\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E9.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-9-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 9. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-9\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.9\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EKauwe\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EJS\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ERidge\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EPG\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EFoster\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ENL\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ECannon-Albright\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ELA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EStrong evidence for a genetic contribution to late-onset Alzheimer\u0027s disease mortality: a population-based study\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EPLoS One\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2013\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E8\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003Ee77087\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DPLoS%2BOne%26rft.volume%253D8%26rft.spage%253De77087%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E10.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-10-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 10. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-10\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.10\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ENelson\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EQ\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EAgarwal\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EN\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EStephenson\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ER\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ECannon-Albright\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ELA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EA population-based analysis of clustering identifies a strong genetic contribution to lethal prostate cancer\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EFront Genet\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2013\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E4\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E152\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DFront%2BGenet%26rft.volume%253D4%26rft.spage%253D152%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E11.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-11-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 11. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-11\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.11\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1056\/NEJM200012143432404\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ESveinbjornsdottir\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ES\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHicks\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EAA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EJonsson\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ET\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EFamilial aggregation of Parkinsons\u0027s disease in Iceland\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ENEJM\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2000\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E343\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E1765\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E1770\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.aulast%253DSveinbjornsdottir%26rft.auinit1%253DS.%26rft.volume%253D343%26rft.issue%253D24%26rft.spage%253D1765%26rft.epage%253D1770%26rft.atitle%253DFamilial%2BAggregation%2Bof%2BParkinson%2527s%2BDisease%2Bin%2BIceland%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJM200012143432404%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11114315%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1056\/NEJM200012143432404\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=11114315\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fnng%2F4%2F4%2Fe249.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E12.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-12-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 12. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-12\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-book\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.12\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EMalecot\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EG\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003ELes Mathematiques de l\u0027heredite\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-publ-loc\u0022\u003EParis\u003C\/span\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-publ-name\u0022\u003EMasson \u0026amp; Cie\u003C\/span\u003E; \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1948\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E13.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-13-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 13. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-13\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-book\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.13\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EAgresti\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003ECategorical Data Analysis\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-publ-loc\u0022\u003ENew York\u003C\/span\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-publ-name\u0022\u003EWiley\u003C\/span\u003E; \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1990\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E14.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-14-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 14. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-14\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.14\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1212\/NXG.0000000000000065\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ESavica\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ER\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ECannon-Albright\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ELA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EPulst\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ES\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EFamilial aggregation of Parkinson disease in Utah: a population-based analysis using death certificates\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ENeurol Genet\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2016\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E2\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003Ee65\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNeurology%253A%2BGenetics%26rft.stitle%253DNeurol%2BGenet%26rft.aulast%253DSavica%26rft.auinit1%253DR.%26rft.volume%253D2%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253De65%26rft.epage%253De65%26rft.atitle%253DFamilial%2Baggregation%2Bof%2BParkinson%2Bdisease%2Bin%2BUtah%253A%2BA%2Bpopulation-based%2Banalysis%2Busing%2Bdeath%2Bcertificates%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1212%252FNXG.0000000000000065%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/ijlink\/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6Mzoibm5nIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjc6IjIvMi9lNjUiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoxODoiL25uZy80LzQvZTI0OS5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-abstract\u0022\u003EAbstract\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep\u0022\u003E\/\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-full-text\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022free-full-text\u0022\u003EFREE \u003C\/span\u003EFull Text\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E15.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-15-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 15. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-15\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.15\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHemminki\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EK\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EDong\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EC\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EFamilial prostate cancer from the family-cancer database\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EEur J Cancer\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2000\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E36\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E229\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E234\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DEuropean%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bcancer%2B%2528Oxford%252C%2BEngland%2B%253A%2B%2B1990%2529%26rft.stitle%253DEur%2BJ%2BCancer%26rft.aulast%253DHemminki%26rft.auinit1%253DK.%26rft.volume%253D36%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D229%26rft.epage%253D234%26rft.atitle%253DFamilial%2Bprostate%2Bcancer%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2Bfamily-cancer%2Bdatabase.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10741282%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10741282\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fnng%2F4%2F4%2Fe249.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E16.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-16-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 16. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-16\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.16\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EDelavande\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHurd\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EMD\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EMartorell\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EP\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ELanga\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EKM\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EDementia and out-of-pocket spending on health care services\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EAlzheimers Dement\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2013\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E9\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E19\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E29\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAlzheimers%2BDement%26rft.volume%253D9%26rft.spage%253D19%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E17.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-17-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 17. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-17\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.17\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828726f5\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHebert\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ELE\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EWeuve\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EJ\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EScherr\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EPA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EEvans\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EDA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EAlzheimer disease in the United States (2010\u20132050) estimated using the 2010 census\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ENeurology\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2013\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E80\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E1778\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E1783\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNeurology%26rft.volume%253D80%26rft.spage%253D1778%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1212%252FWNL.0b013e31828726f5%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23390181%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828726f5\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=23390181\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fnng%2F4%2F4%2Fe249.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E18.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-18-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 18. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-18\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.18\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ERidge\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EPG\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHoyt\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EKB\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EBoehme\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EK\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003E\u201cAssessment of the genetic variance of late-onset Alzheimer\u0027s disease.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ENeurobiol Aging\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2016\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E41\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E213\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E220\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNeurobiol%2BAging%26rft.volume%253D41%26rft.spage%253D213%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E19.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-19-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 19. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-19\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.19\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1038\/ng.440\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHarold\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ED\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EAbraham\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ER\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHollingworth\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EP\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003E\u201cGenome-wide association study identifies variants at CLU and PICALM associated with Alzheimer\u0027s disease.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ENat Genet\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2009\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E41\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E1088\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E1093\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNature%2Bgenetics%26rft.stitle%253DNat%2BGenet%26rft.aulast%253DHarold%26rft.auinit1%253DD.%26rft.volume%253D41%26rft.issue%253D10%26rft.spage%253D1088%26rft.epage%253D1093%26rft.atitle%253DGenome-wide%2Bassociation%2Bstudy%2Bidentifies%2Bvariants%2Bat%2BCLU%2Band%2BPICALM%2Bassociated%2Bwith%2BAlzheimer%2527s%2Bdisease.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1038%252Fng.440%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F19734902%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1038\/ng.440\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=19734902\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fnng%2F4%2F4%2Fe249.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E20.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-20-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 20. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-20\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.20\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1038\/ng.803\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHollingworth\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EP\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHarold\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ED\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ESims\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ER\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003ECommon variants at ABCA7, MS4A6A\/MS4A4E, EPHA1, CD33 and CD2AP are associated with Alzheimer\u0027s disease\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ENat Genet\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2011\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E43\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E429\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E435\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNature%2Bgenetics%26rft.stitle%253DNat%2BGenet%26rft.aulast%253DHollingworth%26rft.auinit1%253DP.%26rft.volume%253D43%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D429%26rft.epage%253D435%26rft.atitle%253DCommon%2Bvariants%2Bat%2BABCA7%252C%2BMS4A6A%252FMS4A4E%252C%2BEPHA1%252C%2BCD33%2Band%2BCD2AP%2Bare%2Bassociated%2Bwith%2BAlzheimer%2527s%2Bdisease.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1038%252Fng.803%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F21460840%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1038\/ng.803\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=21460840\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fnng%2F4%2F4%2Fe249.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E21.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-20-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 21. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-21\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.21\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1038\/ng.2802\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ELambert\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EJC\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EIbrahim-Verbaas\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ECA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHarold\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ED\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003E\u201cMeta-analysis of 74,046 individuals identifies 11 new susceptibility loci for Alzheimer\u0027s disease.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ENat Genet\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2013\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E45\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E1452\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E1458\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNat%2BGenet%26rft.volume%253D45%26rft.spage%253D1452%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1038%252Fng.2802%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F24162737%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1038\/ng.2802\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=24162737\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fnng%2F4%2F4%2Fe249.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E22.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-22-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 22. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-22\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.22\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ERidge\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EPG\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EEbbert\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EMT\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EKauwe\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EJS\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EGenetics of Alzheimer\u0027s disease\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EBiomed Res Int\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2013\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E2013\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E254954\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBiomed%2BRes%2BInt%26rft.volume%253D2013%26rft.spage%253D254954%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E23.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-23-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 23. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-23\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.23\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.61\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EYaffe\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EK\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EVittinghoff\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EE\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ELindquist\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EK\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EPosttraumatic stress disorder and risk of dementia among US veterans\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EArch Gen Psychiatry\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2010\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E67\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E608\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E613\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DArchives%2Bof%2BGeneral%2BPsychiatry%26rft.stitle%253DArch%2BGen%2BPsychiatry%26rft.aulast%253DYaffe%26rft.auinit1%253DK.%26rft.volume%253D67%26rft.issue%253D6%26rft.spage%253D608%26rft.epage%253D613%26rft.atitle%253DPosttraumatic%2BStress%2BDisorder%2Band%2BRisk%2Bof%2BDementia%2BAmong%2BUS%2BVeterans%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Farchgenpsychiatry.2010.61%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F20530010%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.61\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=20530010\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fnng%2F4%2F4%2Fe249.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E24.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-24-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 24. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-24\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.24\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1212\/WNL.55.8.1158\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EPlassman\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EBL\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHavlik\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ERJ\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ESteffens\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EDC\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EDocumented head injury in early adulthood and risk of Alzheimer\u0027s disease and other dementias\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ENeurology\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2000\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E55\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E1158\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E1166\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNeurology%26rft.volume%253D55%26rft.spage%253D1158%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1212%252FWNL.55.8.1158%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11071494%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1212\/WNL.55.8.1158\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=11071494\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fnng%2F4%2F4%2Fe249.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E25.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-25-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 25. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-25\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-4.4.e249.25\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1038\/gim.2013.72\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EGottesman\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EO\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EKuivaniemi\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EH\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ETromp\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EG\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EThe electronic medical records and genomics (eMERGE) Network; past, present, and future\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EGenet Med\u003C\/abbr\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2013\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E15\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E761\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E771\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGenet%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D15%26rft.spage%253D761%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1038%252Fgim.2013.72%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23743551%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1038\/gim.2013.72\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=23743551\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fnng%2F4%2F4%2Fe249.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ng.neurology.org\/content\/4\/4\/e249.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 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