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June 20, 2013

Target-Date Funds Shrink in Number, but Popularity Is Growing

Although the target-date fund universe lost four funds in 2012, 401(k) participants as a whole are shedding fears brought on by the 2008 financial crisis and returning to the investment vehicle, BrightScope and Target Date Analytics reported Tuesday in their “Popping the Hood VI” report.

The net number of target-date fund families fell to 48 in 2012 from 50 in 2011, yet TDFs saw a 20% increase in assets under management from 2011 to 2012, according to the 200-page report, which provides a detailed analysis of target-date funds and fund families.

The four exits from the TDF industry in 2012 included Columbia (graded F in “Popping the Hood IV” and D in "Popping the Hood V"); Oppenheimer (F in Hood IV, C in Hood V); Goldman Sachs (F in Hood IV, F in Hood V); and American Independence NestEgg, which was not graded. Two new entrants were JPMorgan SmartRetirement Blend and PNC Target. (Meanwhile, T. Rowe Price has plans to release a new lower equity TDF in August.)

Target Date Assets Seen Quadrupling by 2020

“Popping the Hood” projects target date fund assets will reach $2 trillion in 401(k) plans by 2020 versus $503 billion in TDF assets in 2012. With defined contribution plans as the primary distribution channel, these funds continue to make huge in-roads into the marketplace because “401(k) participants want a buy-and-forget strategy where they don’t have to worry about rebalancing portfolios regularly,” according to the report.

In addition, the report notes, the U.S. Labor Department has allowed TDFs to be a qualified default investment alternative.

“We have seen investors returning to target date funds as a whole. They represent $500 billion in assets, up 20% in just one year. Strong returns in both the bond and the equity markets helped with that,” said Brooks Herman, BrightScope’s head of data and research, in a phone interview. “One of the biggest surprises for us was a net contraction in target-date fund series in this year’s report. Last year we covered 50, and this year we covered 48. This is the first time in the history of our ‘Popping the Hood’ reports that this has happened.”

BrightScope is an independent provider of retirement plan ratings and investment analytics to participants, plan sponsors, asset managers and advisors in all 50 states. Target Date Analytics is an independent provider of analysis, theory and benchmarking of target date funds.

Wiggle Room for Asset Managers

As investors’ memories of the damage wreaked by the 2008 crash fade, asset managers have more tactical strategies when deciding a target date fund’s composition—two factors that have contributed to TDFs’ renewed popularity, Herman said.

“The asset managers are giving themselves more wiggle room in the language they use in their prospectus,” he said. “They can move around their glidepath, as published in the prospectus, to leave bonds, for example, and invest in something else.”

However, that “something else,” such as alternative investments, created problems in 2012 for Putnam Investments, which saw a drop in its rating to a 3 (or C) in 2012 from a 1 (or A) in 2011. The downgrade came after Putnam posted a poor performance due to underlying investments in absolute return vehicles, which have not realized the returns that their peers have seen in equities over the past three years, according to Herman.

Putnam officials responded with a comment stating that the firm is focused on consistent, long-term performance, especially during periods of volatility.

"We believe it is critical to look at the performance of a target date series over a full market cycle -- including bull and bear markets -- and not just take a narrow snapshot of time for an investment vehicle designed for much longer horizons," Putnam officials said. "In these portfolios, Putnam's Absolute Return strategies have performed as intended, serving as a volatility dampener, meant to help generate a smoother sequence of returns over the long haul. Also, it is worth noting that Putnam has intentionally structured its target date glide path to be more conservative than most, with lower equity allocations, to further protect investors from the effects of market fluctuation as they approach their retirement date."

In June 2011, Putnam executives at a retirement panel warned that many target-date funds were too aggressive in their exposure to stocks, putting investors at risk for market downturns after retirement.

At the event, Putnam announced the launch of a retirement investment think tank, Putnam Institute, whose initial study showed that equity allocations in target-date funds since the 2008 financial crisis typically ranged from 35% to 65%. However, the institute’s research director, W. Van Harlow, said the percentage of stocks in a post-retirement portfolio should more appropriately range between 5% and 25%.

“Many target date funds are well above that into retirement,” said Van Harlow. “The government is becoming concerned about this issue. Plan sponsors don’t know what’s going on in these target date retirement funds.”

OtherPopping the Hood VI Findings

American Century ranked with a top grade again; American Century One Choice Portfolios have received a top grade in every report since “Popping the Hood II”

JPMorgan SmartRetirement and MFS were also top performers, receiving an overall 5 for the third straight year

In 2012, 34 out of 48 (71%) fund series had an overlay fee in 2012. Similarly, 34 out of 50 (68%) fund series had an overlay fee in 2011.

In 2012, 28 out of 48 (58%) fund series had a closed architecture in 2012, while 34 out of 50 (68%) had a closed architecture in 2011.

Some fees have dropped since the last study: DWS reduced fees from an average of 0.98% to 0.86%. Franklin Templeton reduced fees from an average of 0.97% to 0.88%. MassMutual reduced fees from an average of 0.95% to 0.83%.

Some fund families increased their average fees from Hood V: BlackRock LifePath Active (formerly BlackRock Lifecycle Prepared) increased fees from an average of 0.72% to 0.82%. Invesco increased fees from an average of 0.74% to 0.81%.