Debian has a 3.10 kernel in the Experimental repository. This may be more suitable for Debian Sid.

At the time you remove 3.10 (or any kernel), it is best if you are not running it. Assuming there is another kernel installed, boot into it and remove the kernel you don’t want. At least in Debian, update-grub will run automatically.

Looking at your list, it looks like Debian is a derivative of Ubuntu instead of the other way around!

Instead of removing the generic Debian kernel v3.10.x, why don’t you try installing the userspace apps for power control on your laptop? It works really well and there is excellent support for the i5 line of Intel processors. YMMV.

I don’t find 3.10 or even 3.9 kernels in kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline for the 12.04 (precise) release. Is there any safe download available for a 3.9 or greater kernel package for the 12.04 LTS release?