Punctuation

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Transcript of Punctuation

Punctuation in EnglishWhat is it?Punctuation makes possible the clear presentation of written language.Ellipsis points (...)An ellipsis is an omission of one or more words from a sentence."If you are getting your commas, semicolons and full stops wrong, it means that you are not getting your thoughts right," explained Dr. Temple.Punctuation marksApostrophePeriod (.)As an end markEnd of a declarative or imperative sentenceNeutral toneA defendant may include counterclaims in his answer to the complaint.In parenthesesEntire sentence inside parenthesesThe defendant is not subject to the personal jurisdiction of this court. (See Form 2 for more information.)Complete sentence into another sentenceThe situation is not acceptable (as per defined in the regulations in force) and must be remedied immediately.Citations in parenthesesThe rule allows service on such added parties anywhere within 100 miles of the federal courthouse in which the action is pending (FRCP 4).Federal Rules "shall not abridge, enlarge or modify any substantive right".Federal Rules "shall not abridge, enlarge or modify any substantive right."There is a constitutional challenge of the Act," stated the Prime Minister.In quotationsIn abbreviationsAfter an abbreviation of a nameQuotation at the end of a sentenceQuotation within a sentenceJohn F. KennedyAfter abbreviations formed by truncationThis agreement is entered into by John Smith, Social Security No. 123, and Mary Jones, Social Security No. 456.Latin termset al. (and others); e.g. (for example); i.e. (that is to say)NOTIn computingThe period receives the name of "dot"As part of a command or filenamesubjectmatterjurisdiction.docxIn web addresseswww.law.cornell.eduIn numbersConventional decimal marker in Britain and USAThe partnership capital shall amount to US$5,000,000.000.In listsPartners shall lose such capacity upon:1. Voluntary withdrawal or resignation from the partnership.2. Death or incapacity.3. Expulsion from the partnership as per determined by the Managing Board.NOTAfter "sic"Abbreviations without periodsAfter unitsAfter titles, headings and sub-headingsUSA ; UKThe witness said “she had gave it [sic] to me.”Order of ProbationThe victim weighed of 75 kg and was 20 years old.After an abbreviation of a titleAtty. Gen. Holder wants to reform our justice system.Except- Special casesLT (Lieutenant) ; PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)Capital lettersFull stopEllipsis pointsCommaColonSemi-colonQuotesParenthesesBracketsQuestion marksExclamation marksDashHyphenComma (,)Parentheses ( )Colon (:)Semi-colon (;)QuotesApostrophe (')Question marks (?)Exclamation marks (!)Brackets ( [ ] )Capital lettersDash ( -- )Hyphen ( - )SourcesKing, G. "Collins Improve your Punctuation". Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers.Any questions?Kirkman, J. "Punctuation Matters". New York, NY: Routledge.Woods, G. "Webster’s New World. Punctuation: Simplified and Applied". Danvers, MA: Wiley Publishing, Inc.Full stopCommon abbreviationsa.m. ; p.m.; AM ; PM - Common titlesMr., Mrs., and Ms.(continued)Lowercase wordsAbbreviations at the end of a sentenceBefore another punctuation markAbbreviations within a sentenceThe defendant in this case is Johnson Inc.Ltd. partners shall not take part in the management of the business.The plaintiff John Doe sued defendant Johnson Inc. for patent infringement.John Doe, hereinafter "the plaintiff", filed a complaint against Johnson Inc., hereinafter "the defendant."In abbreviationsIn abbreviationsAcronymsNATO ; UNOPeriod after true abbreviations (truncation)Period after true abbreviations and after words from which the interior has been removedProf. Roberts was found guilty.Shareholders enjoy ltd. liability.(continued)When items in a list are complete sentencesWhen the items in a list are NOT complete sentencesNOTThe felon was in possession of the following when arrested:- 9 mm handgun- disposable cell phone- 50 grams of cocaineWith an ellipsisAt the end of a declarative or imperative sentence (three dots are joined by a fourth, which is the period)The judge concluded with an open-ended remark and stated that the decision "should be left to faith alone...."Indicate an unfinished statementThe brother of the victim promised to seek revenge...Indicate an unfinished question or exclamationWould you mind telling the judge what you saw or ...?Omission of one or more complete sentencesThe Court ruled against him. ... the plaintiff had deliberately failed to disclose crucial data and ...Indicate that a list of items could run on almost endlesslyThe document can be written in French only, English only, Spanish only, English and French ...