Water distribution is the process of bringing water to consumers. It takes a number of forms around the world from pressurized municipal water that delivers water directly into homes to traveling tanker trunks that distribute water to community access points. Distribution of water resources is usually overseen by a government agency, although private utilities may also be involved.

Water is a finite resource. Worldwide, supplies of freshwater are limited and there are some areas where water scarcity is a significant issue. Low water supplies are especially pressing in desert areas and regions that have been impacted by environmental pollution. Water distribution is not just about getting supplies of water to people who need it, but about allocating water to ensure that it is used efficiently and to provide access to safe water for as many people as possible.

The process of water distributions starts with identifying a source of water and determining what kind of treatment may be needed to make it usable. The water is moved through treatment facilities and into distribution systems, including networks of pipes, canals, and aqueducts. Movement of water through the system is controlled by officials who make decisions about when to release water for distribution and how much to release at a time.

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The water is also constantly monitored for signs that impurities are being introduced. This can include chemical and biological impurities that may pose a threat to human health, and require water authorities to restrict water distributions until the unwanted substances in the water can be resolved. Water distribution is concerned with the safety of water supplies from both accidental and inadvertent contamination. Once water is contaminated, it is costly and difficult to clean up.

In areas where water shortages are present, water distribution management includes making difficult decisions about how to allocate water resources. Utilities may limit availability of water to certain times of the day to cut down on usage and citizens may be encouraged to conserve water as much as possible. Fines and tiered pricing structures can be used to penalize households with high water usage to promote conservation.

In addition to considering the needs of individual consumers, people in charge of water distribution must think about industrial and agricultural resources of water. Interruptions of water supplies can result in costly delays that may have a ripple effect. Reduced availability of fresh produce, for example, can lead to food insecurity and the need to import food supplies to make up the difference, and these problems can become protracted.

Discuss this Article

sapphire12Post 3

@vogueknit17- Your mention of Arizona is partly true. I don't think the whole state is at fault for this, but I do have a friend who lived for a time in Tucson and in Phoenix, and he told me the climate in Phoenix has changed a lot; what was once a really dry region has become humid and more temperate.

To me, this is not just a problem with water but with climate change in general. Humans don't seem to be very concerned about balance. While this is a risk related to water distribution design, it also could be bad for other resources and really throw off our environment.

vogueknit17Post 2

@aaaCookie- I have read a few different books in this subject that back up your claim. One of the best was When the Rivers Run Dry: Water--The Defining Crisis of the Twenty-first Century by Fred Pearce. There are problems in Asia, in the Middle East, in Africa, and even in some parts of the US. One of the biggest problems to me, though, are places like the southwestern states in the US where people are living in deserts and trying to mimic temperate conditions. Places like Arizona and Nevada especially come to mind.

aaaCookiePost 1

For the past few decades, especially in the last few years, water distribution has become a big topic. When I studied environmental science at university, I heard a lot about how many people believe that water distribution will become the true issue that causes world War III, not oil. The problem is that many people, especially in the United States and other developed nations, are so ingrained into using too much water. Meanwhile, water is becoming a bought and sold commodity to the last drop in less organized and less developed nations.

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