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Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression
Volume 1
Office of United States
Chief of Counsel For Prosecution
of Axis Criminality
United States Government Printing Office
Washington * 1946
[Page iii]
A Collection of Documentary Evidence and Guide Materials
Prepared by the American and British Prosecuting Staffs for
Presentation before the International Military Tribunal at
Nurnberg, Germany, in the case of
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, THE
UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, and THE UNION OF
SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
HERMANN WILHELM GOERING, RUDOLF HESS, JOACHIM von RIBBENTROP, ROBERT
LEY, WILHELM KEITEL, ERNST KALTENBRUNNER, ALFRED ROSENBERG,
HANS FRANK, WILHELM FRICK, JULIUS STREICHER, WALTER FUNK, HJALMAR
SCHACHT, GUSTAV KRUPP von BOHLEN und HALBACH, KARL DOENITZ, ERICH RAEDER,
BALDUR von SCHIRACH, FRITZ SAUCKEL, ALFRED JODL, MARTIN BORMANN, FRANZ
von PAPEN, ARTUR SEYSS-INQUART, ALBERT SPEER, CONSTANTIN von NEURATH,
and HANS FRITZSCHE, Individually and as Members of Any of the Following Groups
or Organizations to which They Respectively Belonged, Namely: DIE
REICHSREGIERUNG (REICH CABINET); DAS KORPS DER POLITISCHEN LEITER DER
NATIONALSOZIALISTISCHEN DEUTSCHEN ARBEITERPARTEI (LEADERSHIP CORPS OF
THE NAZI PARTY); DIE SCHUTZSTAFFELN DER NATIONALSOZIALISTISCHEN
DEUTSCHEN ARBEITERPARTEI (commonly known as the "SS") and including DIE
SICHERHEITSDIENST (commonly known a the "SD"); DIE GEHEIME STAATSPOLIZEI
(SECRET STATE POLICE, commonly known as the "GESTAPO"); DIE
STURMABTEILUNGEN DER N.S.D.A.P. (commonly known as the "SA") and
the GENERAL STAFF and HIGH COMMAND of the GERMAN ARMED
FORCES all as defined in Appendix B of the Indictment,
Defendants
[Page v]
Preface
On the 2d day of May 1945, President Truman signed Executive
Order 9547 appointing Justice Robert H. Jackson as
Representative of the United States and as its Chief of
Counsel in the Preparation and prosecution of the case
against the major Axis war criminals. Since that date and up
to the present the staff of the Office of the Chief of
Counsel, or OCC, has been engaged continuously in the
discovery, collection, examination, translation, and
marshalling of documentary evidence demonstrating the
criminality of the former leaders of the German Reich.
Since the 20th day of November 1945, a considerable part of
the documentary arsenal has been directed against the 22
major Nazi war criminals who are on trial before the
International Military Tribunal in Nurnberg. As of this
writing the American and British cases-in-chief, on Counts
I and II of the Indictment charging, respectively, conspiracy
and the waging of wars of aggression, have been completed.
There is perhaps no need to recall in these pages that the
Nurnberg trial represents the first time in history that
legal proceedings have been instituted against leaders of an
enemy nation. It is perhaps equal supererogation to state
here that there are no exact precedents for the
charges made by the American, British, French, and Russian
prosecutors that to plot or wage a war of aggression is a
crime for which individuals may be punished. Yet it was
because of these very facts that in its indictment the
prosecution presented a challenge to itself quite as great
as to the defense. A heavy burden was laid on the accusing
nations to make sure that their proof measured up to the
magnitude of their accusations, and that the daring of their
grand conception was matched by the industry of their
research, lest the hard-bought opportunity to make
International Law a guardian of peace should fail by
default.
It is not surprising, therefore, that the American
collections and processing of documentary evidence, under
the general direction of Col. Robert G. Storey, Gradually
developed into an operation of formidable scope. Although
some pieces of evidence were secured in Washington and
London, by far the greater part was obtained in the land of
the enemy. As the American Armies had swept into Germany,
military investigating teams had filled document centers
with an increasing wealth of materials which were freely
[Page vi]
made available by the Army to OCC field investigators.
Special assistance was given by the Document Section, 2
Division, SHAEF, and by the Document Sections of the Army
Groups and Armies operating in the European Theater. OCC
investigators also made valuable discoveries while
prospecting on their own. They soon found themselves
embarrassed with riches. Perhaps foremost among the prize
acquisitions was the neatly crated collection of all the
personal and official correspondence of Alfred Rosenberg,
together with a great quantity of Nazi Party correspondence.
This cache was discovered behind a false wall in an old
castle in Eastern Bavaria, where it had been sent for
safekeeping. Another outstanding collection consisted of
thirty-nine leather-bound volumes containing detailed
inventories of the art treasures of Europe which had been
looted by the Ensatzstab Rosenberg. These catalogues,
together with much of the priceless plunder itself, were
found hidden deep in an Austrian salt mine. An innocent-
appearing castle near Marburg was found to contain some 485
tons of crated papers, which inspection revealed to be the
records of the' German Foreign Office from 1837 to 1944.
Among other outstanding bulk acquisitions were more than 300
crates of German High Command files, 85 notebooks containing
minutes of Hitler's conferences, and the complete files of
the German Navy.
The task was to screen thoroughly this abundance of material
so as to overlook no relevant item, and yet at the same time
to obtain the proof and to translate it in season, so as not
to delay preparation of the Indictment or commencement of
the trial. The procedures followed in this process are
described in the affidavit of Maj. William H. Coogan
(001-A-PS), which is listed numerically among the documents. As a
result of those procedures, more than 100000 documents were
individually examined in order to segregate those of
importance. Of these 100,000 documents, approximately 4,000 were found to
be of clear or potential value. This group of 4,000 was
further reduced through exacting standards of elimination to
a total of some 2,000 documents which it was proposed to
offer in evidence, and which make up the bulk of this
publication. Thus, the documents presented in these volumes
are the fittest survivors of a rigorous sifting. Each of
them has met requirements designed to ensure the selection
of only the most significant in bearing on the American
case. Documents primarily concerned with the report of
individual barbarities or perversions were excluded, in
conformity with the emphasis placed upon those tending to
prove elements in the Nazi Master Plan.
These documents consist, in the main, of official papers
found in archives of the German
[Page vii]
Government and Nazi Party, diaries and letters of prominent
Germans, and captured reports and orders. There are
included, in addition, excerpts from governmental and Party
decrees, from official newspapers and from authoritative German
publications. The authenticity of all these materials is
established by Maj. Coogan's affidavit (OOl-A-PS).
Considered together, they reveal a fairly comprehensive view
of the inner workings and outward deeds of the German
government and of the Nazi Party, which were always
concealed from the world, and for which the world will
always hold the Hitler regime in horror and contempt.
II.
It is important that it be clearly understood what this
collection of documents is not. In the first place, it is
neither an official record nor an unofficial transcript of
the trial proceedings. It is not designed to reproduce what
has taken place in court. It is merely the documentary
evidence prepared by the American and British prosecuting
staffs, and is in no wise under the sponsorship of the
Tribunal. It is presented in the belief that this
collection containing the full text of the documents,
classified under appropriate subjects, may be more useful to
students of the Nurnberg trial than the official record,
when prepared, may be.
The reason for this goes back to the first few days of the
trial, when the Tribunal ruled that it would treat no
written matter as in evidence unless it was read in full,
word by word, in court. The purpose of the ruling was to
enable the documentary material which the American and
British staffs had translated from German into English to be
further translated into Russian and French through the
simultaneous interpreting system in the courtroom. The
consequence, however, was to enforce upon the American and
British prosecution the task of trimming their evidence
drastically unless the trial was to be protracted to an
unconscionable length. Counsel therefore had to content
themselves in most instances with introducing, by reading
verbatim, only the most vital parts of the documents relied
upon. Only these evidentiary minima appear in the daily
transcript, and presumably, since no more is officially in
evidence under the Tribunal's ruling, no more can properly
be included in the official record. It has frequently been
the case, furthermore, that different parts of certain
documents were read in proof of different allegations, and
hence are scattered throughout the transcript. American
counsel, in several instances read only sketchy portions of
some documents, leaving other portions, at the request of
the French and Soviet delega-
[Page viii]
tions, to be read later as a part of their case. Still other
portions of the same document will undoubtedly be read later
on by the defense. It is an unavoidable consequence that the
transcript itself will be a thing of shreds and patches, and
that any comprehensive and orderly notion of the documentary
evidence must e obtained elsewhere. The documentary
excerpts, when accompanied by the explanation of the trial
counsel, are of course sufficient for the trial and for the
judgement of the Tribunal. But the purposes of historians
and scholars will very likely lead them to wish to examine
the documents in there entirety. It is to those long-range
interests that these volumes are in the main addressed.
Secondly, this collection of documents is not the American
case. It is at once more and less than that. It is less,
because it o course cannot include the captured motion
picture and still photographic evidence relied upon, and
because it contains only a few of the organizational
charts and visual presentation exhibits utilized at the
trial. It is more, because although it does contain alI the
evidence introduced either in part or in whole by the
American staff in proof of Count I, it also includes many
documents not introduced into evidence at all. There were
various reasons for not offering this material to the
Tribunal: the documents were cumulative in nature, better
documents were available on the same point, or the contents
did not justify the time required for reading. (The document
index at the end of Volume VIII is marked to indicate which
documents were introduced, either in whole or in part, in
evidence.) Of more than 800 American documents so far
introduced in evidence, a small number were received through
judicial notice or oral summarization, while some 500 were
read, in part or in whole, in court. Approximately 200
evidence in the first few days of the trial, under an
earlier ruling of the Tribunal which admitted documents without
reading, an merely on filing with the court after proof of
authenticity. Of the documents not now in evidence and thus not
before the Tribunal for consideration in reaching its decision, many
have been turned over to the French and Soviet prosecuting staffs an,
by the time these volumes are published, will have been
introduced in the course of their cases. Others will have
been put before the Tribunal by the American case in
rebuttal or utilized in crossexamining witnesses called by the defense.
This publication includes a series of affidavits prepared
under the direction of Col. John Harlen Amen, chief of the
OCC Interrogation Division. Those which were introduced into
evidence are listed among the documents in the PS series. A
number of affidavits which were not offered to the Tribunal
are printed in a
[Page ix]
separate section at the end of the document series.
Affidavits of the latter type were prepared in an attempt to
eliminate surprise by delineating clearly the testimony
which the affiant might be expected to give in court, should
it be decided to call him as a witness. In the case of the
affiants who testified in court, their affidavitS represent
a substantially accurate outline of their testimony on
direct examination. Others of the affiants may, by the time
of publication, have been called as rebuttal witnesses for
the prosecution. In addition, there are included selected
statements of certain defendants and prisoners written to
the prosecutors from prison. It should be mentioned in this
connection that as a result of many months of exhaustive
questioning of the defendants, prisoners of war, and other
potential witnesses, the Interrogation Division has harvested
approximately 15,000 typewritten pages of valuable and previously unavailable
information on a variety of subjects. These extensive
transcripts represent approximately 950 individual
interrogations and are presently being edited and catalogued
in Nurnberg so that the significant materials may be
published in a useful form and within a manageable scope, as
a supplement to these present volumes.
This collection also includes approximately 200 documents
obtained and processed by the British prosecuting staff,
known as the British War Crimes Executive, and presented in
substantiation of Count II of the Indictment, which the
British delegation assumed the responsibility of proving. It
seems altogether fitting that these documents should be
included in these volumes since, in proving illegal acts of
aggression, they naturally supplement the American documents
proving the illegal conspiracy to commit aggression. The
American prosecuting staff is grateful to Sir Dand Maxwell-
Fyfe, the British Deputy Chief Prosecutor
from whom and from the goodly company of whose associates
there has ever been the most generous cooperation, for
consent to the publication of the British documents by the
United States Government.
Under the division of the case agreed on by the Chief
Prosecutors of the four Allied nations, the French and
Soviet delegates are responsible for the presentation of
evidence bearing on the proof of Count III (War Crimes) and
Count IV (Crimes against humanity) of the Indictment. The
French case will concern itself with these crimes when
committed in the West, while the Russian evidence will
concern the commission of these crimes in the East. None of
the documents obtained by these two prosecuting nations are
included in these volumes. The reason is that, this writing,
the French case has just commenced and the e case will not
be reached for several weeks. Since one of
[Page x]
the objects of this undertaking is to acquaint the American
public at the earliest opportunity with the character of the
evidence produced by its representatives, there seems no
justification in delaying publication until the close of the
French and Russian cases, when all the prosecution documents
will be available. As is indicated by the title of these
present volumes, Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, this
collection relates only to Counts I and II of the
Indictment, or one-half of the prosecution case. It is to be hoped,
however, that supplementary volumes containing the French
and Soviet documents may be published at a later time.
Finally, this collection, by its nature limited to a part of
the prosecution case, does not of course purport to present
the whole story of the evidence adduced at Nurnberg. The
evidence and arguments of defense counsel will not be
presented for some time, and the text of these matters will,
if possible, be included in any additional volumes, which it
may become possible to publish.
III
On the other hand, it may be useful to indicate what this
collection is. The publication is offered in accordance with
the conviction which has constantly animated the American
prosecution, that only a part of its duty would have been done if it succeeded
in persuading the judges of the International Military
Tribunal. Its full task will be accomplished only if the
world is also convinced of the justness of the cause. There
were always some people who, perhaps under the spell of the
exposure of the "atrocity propaganda" used in the First
World War, felt that the deceptions and the outrages laid to
the Nazis were quite possibly untrue and in any event
exaggerated. The mission of convincing these skeptics is one that has not
been and cannot be discharged by newspaper reports of the
Nurnberg proceedings, which by their nature are incomplete
and evanescent. But an inspection of the Nazis' own official
records should suffice to banish all honest doubts, and to
make it undeniably clear that those things really happened
because the nazis planned it that way. It is the hope of the
American prosecution that these volumes may in some measure
expose, for the warning of future generations as well as a
reminder to the present, the anatomy of National Socialism
in all its ugly nakedness. Many of these documents disclose
the repressive governmental machinery and intricate Party
bureaucracy by which the Nazis stifled initiative and
opposition. They reveal also the image of horror which a
gang of brigands created in the name of the German state, in order
to seize and maintain power for themselves at the expense of
the liberties of their own
[Page xi]
people and the lives of their neighbors. Legal proof has
perhaps seldom been so overwhelming, certainly never so self-admitted,
as is this proof of the deeds with which the Nazi leadership befouled the earth.
Yet, although these documents naturally are concerned
primarily with the guilt of the leaders of the German Reich,
they also contain a wealth of information, much of it
hitherto unavailable elsewhere, on many other matters of
importance. Their pages illuminate many dark corners of
recent history. Hence, this collection has an additional
purpose. It is offered as a source book, of interest to
historians, political scientists, students, universities,
libraries, government agencies, private research groups,
newspaper editors, and others, so that they may see, from
the official papers of the Nazi government and from the
words of its own leaders, the things that went on in Germany
in the days of that blasphemous regime. These papers,
although they include a few legal matters, are not addressed
nor are they expected to appeal primarily to lawyers. The
satisfaction of these professional interests must perforce
be postponed until publication of the official record of the
trial.
IV
It is apparent that such a vast collection of documents on a
variety of subjects would be useless to any one not
thoroughly conversant with the field, without some sort of
guide through the maze. That is the reason for the first two
volumes, which consist of various explanatory materials included
in order to facilitate understanding. The average reader who tries to
cope with some of the more pompous of the Nazi titles --
such as Beauftragter des Fuehrers fuer die ueberwachang
des Gesamten Gestigen und Weltausschaulichers Schulung und
Erziehung der NSDAP, or Delegate of the Fuehrer for the
Total Supervision of Intellectual and Ideological Training
and Education of the Party (Rosenberg)is plainly in need of
assistance. A Glossary of common German and Nazi titles, designations, and
terms has therefore been compiled. For those who are unfamiliar with
the difference between a Hauptmann and a Hauptsturmuehrer, a
table of military ranks, with their American equivalents,
has been prepared. A brief biographical gazeteer of the more
prominent Nazis, together with a listing of the major
officials of the Government Party, and Armed Forces, has
also been included for reference purposes. In addition, an
index of the Code-Words used by the Nazis to preserve the
secrecy of the invasions they plotted has been compiled.
Moreover, in order to make clear
[Page xii]
developments in the proceedings affecting the status of
several of the defendants, certain motions of counsel and
rulings of the Tribunal, together with factual accounts, are
also presented. And finally the international treaties
relating to land warfare and prisoners of war
are printed in full (737-PS; 78-PS).
The principal content of Volumes I and II is composed of
what might be called essays, summarizing and connecting up
most of the documents relating to particular subjects in the
order of their mention in Counts I and II of the Indictment.
As an additional aid, at the end of each
essay there appears a descriptive list of all documents
referred to in the essay, so that the reader may quickly
discover which of the published documents bear upon the
subject in which he is interested. In many cases these lists
include documents not discussed in the essays for the reason
that they are cumulative in nature or were discovered
subsequent to the preparation of the essays.
Some of these essays are adaptations of factual "trial
briefs" prepared by the staff of OCC. Some of these "trial
briefs" were handed to the Tribunal for its assistance,
while others were used only for the guidance of trial
counsel. Others of the essays have been adapted from the
oral presentation and summary of counsel in court. Their
difference in origin explains their difference in form. It
must be borne in mind that each of these essays, which were
originally prepared for the purpose of convincing the
Tribunal of the legal guilt of the defendants, has been
submitted to a process of editing and revision in order to
serve a quite different purpose to give the general reader a
general and coherent conception of the subject matter.
These essays bear the marks of haste and are not offered as
in any sense definitive or exhaustive. The task of
translation from German into English was a formidable one,
and in many instances translations of documents could be
made available to the briefwriters only a few
days before the briefs were scheduled to be presented in
court. In other instances it was utterly impossible, with
the constantly overburdened translating staff available, to
translate in full all the material known to be of value if the
prosecution was to be ready on the date set for trial. The diary
of Hans Frank, for example (2233-PS) consisted of 42 volumes, of which only
a few outstanding excerpts, chosen by German-reading
analysts, were translated. Similarly, large
portions of the 250 volumes of the Rosenberg correspondence
remain still untranslated and unused. Books, decrees, and
lengthy reports were not translated in full, and only
salient excerpts were utilized. Approximately 1,500
documents in the possession of OCC have not
[Page xiii]
yet been translated and more are being received daily. It is
expected that they will be used for purposes of cross-examination
and rebuttal, and may later be published.
It must also be remembered that these documents are, in the
main, translations from the original German. The magnitude
of the task, coupled with a sense of the hastening on of
time, naturally resulted in imperfections. However, an
attempt has been made to preserve the format of the original
documents in the printed translations. Italics represent
underlining in the original documents and editorial
additions have been enclosed in brackets. The reader may
notice occasional variations between the English wording of
documents quoted in the essays, and the full text of the
document itself. This divergence is explained by the fact
that translations of the same documents were sometimes made
by two different persons. Variations in the exact means
of expression were of course to be expected in such an
event, yet both translations are of equal authenticity.
Certain passages of some documents may strike the reader as
confused or incomplete, and occasionally this is the result
of hasty work. More frequently, however the jumble of
language accurately reflects the chaos of the original
German, for the language of National Socialists was often
merely a turgid and mystical aggregation of words signifying
nothing, to which the German language easily lends itself.
The accuracy of the translations is attested to in Maj. Coogan's
affidavit (001-A-PS).
If the case had not been set down for trial until 1948, a
complete and satisfactory preparation would have been
possible. A perfect case could not have been made in less
time. But the Allied governments and public opinion were
understandably impatient of delay for whatever reason, and
they had to be respected. The nature of the difficulties
caused by the pressure for speed were stated in Justice
Jackson's address opening the American case:
"In justice to the nations and the men associated in
this prosecution, I must remind you of certain
difficulties which may leave their mark on this case.
Never before in legal history has an effort been made
to bring within the scope of a single litigation the
developments of a decade, covering a w,hole Continent,
and involving a score of nations, countless individuals
and innumerable events. Despite the magnitude of
the task, the world has demanded immediate action. This
demand has had to be met, though perhaps at the cost of
finished craftsmanship. In my country, established
courts, following familiar procedures, applying well
thumbed precedents, and dealing with the legal
consequences of local and
[Page xiv]
limited events, seldom commence a trial within a year
of the event in litigation. Yet less than eight months
ago today the courtroom in which you sit was an enemy
fortress in the hands of German SS troops. Less than
eight months ago nearly all our witnesses and documents
were in enemy hands. The law had not been codified, no
procedures had been established, no Tribunal was in
existence, no usable courthouse stood here, none of the
hundreds of tons of official German documents had been
examined, no prosecuting staff had been assembled,
nearly all the present defendants were at large, and
the four prosecuting powers had not yet joined in
common cause to try them. I should be the last to deny
that the case may well suffer from incomplete
researches and quite likely will not be the example of
professional work which any of the prosecuting nations
would normally wish to sponsor. It is, however, a
completely adequate case to the judgment we shall ask
you to render, and its full development we shall be
obliged to leave to historians."
No work in a specialized field would be complete without it.
own occult paraphernalia, and the curious reader may desire
an explanation of the strange wizardry behind the document
classification symbols. The documents in the American series
are classified under the cryptic categories of "L," ".R,"
"PS," "EC," "ECH," "EC," and "C." The letter "L" was used as
an abbreviation for "London," and designates those documents
either obtained from American and British sources in London
or processed in the London Office of the OCC, under the
direction of Col. Murray C. Bernays and Col. Leonard
Wheeler, Jr. The letter "R" stands for "Rothschild," and
indicates the documents obtained through the screening
activities of Lt. Walter Rothschild of
the London branch of OSS. The origins of the "PS" symbol are
more mysterious, but the letters are an abbreviation of the
amalgam, "Paris-Storey." The "PS" symbol, accordingly,
denotes those documents which, although obtained in Germany,
were processed by Col. Storey's
division of the OCC in Paris, as well as those documents
later processed by the same division after headquarters were
established in Nurnberg. The "EC" symbol stands for
"Economic Case" and designates those documents which were
obtained and processed by the Economic
Section of OCC under Mr. Francis M. Shea, with field
headquarters at Frankfurt. The "ECH" variant denotes those
which were screened at Heidelberg. The letter "C," which is
an abbreviation for "Crimes," indicates
[Page xv]
a collection of German Navy documents which were jointly
processed by British and American teams, with Lt. Comdr.
John Bracken representing the OCC.
The British documents hence include some in the joint
Anglo-American "C" series. The remainder of the British
documents are marked with the symbols "TC," "UK," "D," and
"M." The symbol "TC" is an abbreviation of "Treaty
Committee" and signifies the documents selected by a Foreign
Office Committee which assisted the British prosecution.
"UK" is the abbreviation for "United Kingdom" and indicates
documents collected from another source. No especial
significance lurks in the letters "D," and "M," which were
apparently the result of accident, possibly caprice, rather
than design. As a matter of record, however, "M" stands for
the first name of the British assistant prosecutor. Finally,
"D" is merely an humble filing reference, which may have had
some obscure connection with the word "document."
The reader will note that there are numerous and often
lengthy gaps in the numbering of documents within a given
series, and the documents are not numbered in any apparent
order. This anomaly is accounted for by several different
factors. As the documents avalanched into the OCC offices
they were catalogued and numbered in the order received
without examination. Upon subsequent analysis it was frequently
found that an earlier document was superseded in quality by
a later acquisition, and the earlier one was accordingly
omitted. Others were withdrawn because of lack of proof of
their authenticity. Occasionally it was discovered
that two copies of the same document had been received from
different sources, and one of them was accordingly stricken
from the list. In other cases blocks of numbers were
assigned to field collecting teams, which failed to exhaust
all the numbers allotted. In all these cases no
change was made in the original numbers because of the delay
and confusion which would accompany renumbering. Nor has
renumbering been attempted in this publication, and the
original gaps remain. This is because the documents
introduced into evidence carried their originally assigned
numbers, and students of the trial who use these volumes in
conjunction with the official record will therefore be able
to refer rapidly from citations in the record of the
proceedings to the text of the documents cited.
VI
It only remains to acknowledge the toil and devotion of the
members of the OCC staff who were responsible for the
original
[Page xvi]
preparation of the materials contained in these volumes.
Mention must first be made of Mr. Gordon Dean, who was
responsible in large part for the conception of this
undertaking, and of Lt. Comdr. Charles A. Horsky, USCGR(T)
who set in motion the governmental machinery necessary to
publication.
The material in Chapter VI on the Organization of the Nazi
Party and State was originally prepared by Mr. Ralph G.
Albrecht.
The essays in Chapter VII on the Means Used by the Nazi
Conspirators in Gaining Control of the German State were
originally prepared by Col. Leonard Wheeler, Jr., Lt. Col.
Benjamin Kaplan, Maj. Frank B. Wallis, Dr. Edmund A. Walsh,
Maj. Seymour M. Peyser, Maj. J. Hartley Murray,
Lt. Paul Johnston, USNR, Lt. Comdr. Morton E. Rome, USNR,
Capt. D. A. Sprecher, Lt. Samuel E. Sharp, Lt. (jg) A. R.
Martin, USNR, Lt. Henry V. Atherton, and Lt. William E.
Miller.
The materials on the Economic Aspects of the Conspiracy,
contained in Chapter VIII, on Slave Labor, contained in
Chapter X, and on Germanization and Spoliation, contained in
Chapter XIII, were prepared by Mr. Francis M. Shea, Mr.
Benedict Deinard, Lt. Col. Murray I. Gurfein, Lt. Comdr. W.
S. Emmet, USNR, Lt. Thomas L. Karsten, USNR, Capt. Sam
Harris, Capt. James H. Mathias, Capt. Melvin Siegel, Capt.
Edward H. Kenyon, Lt. (jg) Bernard Meltzer, USNR, Lt. (jg)
Brady O. Bryson, USNR, Lt. Raymond Ickes, USMCR, Mr. Jan
Charmatz, Mr. Walter Derenberg, Mr. Sidney Jacoby, Mr.
Werner Peiser, Mr. Edgar Bodepheimer, and Mr. Leon Frechtel.
The materials contained in Chapter IX on Aggressive War,
(except those relating to Aggression as a Basic Nazi Idea,
the Violation of Treaties, and Aggression against Poland,
Danzig, England and France, Norway and Denmark, the Low
Countries, and the Balkans) were prepared by Mr.
Sidney S. Alderman, Comdr. Sidney J. Kaplan, USCGR, Lt. Col.
Herbert Krucker, Maj. Lacey Hinely, Maj. Joseph Dainow, Lt.
Comdr. Harold Leventhal, USCGR, Lt. John M. Woolsey, Jr.,
USNR, Lt. James A. Gorrell, and Lt. Roy H. Steyer, USNR.
The materials contained in Chapter XII, on Persecution of
the Jews, in Chapter XI on Concentration Camps, and in
Chapter XIV on Plunder of Art Treasures, were prepared by
Col. Hardy Hollers, Maj. William F. Walsh, Mr. Thomas J.
Dodd, Capt. Seymour Krieger, Lt. Frederick Felton, USNR, Lt.
(jg) Brady O. Bryson, USNR, Mr. Hans Nathan, Mr. Isaac
Stone, Lt.
Daniel F. Margolies, Capt. Edgar Boedeker, Lt. (jg) Bernard
Meltzer, USNR, Lt. Nicholas Doman, and Mr. Walter W. Brudno.
[Page xvii]
The materials contained in Chapter XVI on the responsibility
of the Individual Defendants were prepared by Col. Howard
Brundage Mr. Ralph G. Albrecht, Dr. Robert M. W. Kempner,
I,t. Col. William H. Baldwin, Maj. Seymour M. Peyser, Maj.
Joseph D. Bryan, Capt. D. A. Sprecher,
Capt. Norman Stoll, Capt. Robert Clagett, Capt. John
Auchincloss, Capt. Seymour Krieger, Lt. Whitney R. Harris,
USNR, Lt. Frederick Felton, USNR, Lt. Henry V. Atherton, Lt.
Richard Heller, USNR, Mr. Henry Kellerhlan, Mr. Frank
Patton, Mr. Karl Lachmann, Mr. Bert Heilpern, Mr.
Walter Menke, Mr. Joseph Michel, Mr. Walter W. Brudno, Mrs.
Katherine Walch, Miss Harriet Zetterberg, Lt. (jg) Brady O.
Bryson, USNR, and Capt. Sam Harris.
The materials contained in the first six sections of Chapter
XV on the Criminal Organizations were prepared by Lt. Col.
George 1 Seay, Maj. Warren F. Farr, Lt. Comdr. Wm. S.
Kaplan, USNR, Lt.-Whitney R. Harris, USNR, Miss Katherine
Fite, Maj. Robert G. Stephens, Lt. Thomas F. Lambert, Jr.,
USNR, and Mr. Charles S. Burdell.
The materials contained in Section 7 of Chapter XV on the
General Staff and High Command were prepared on behalf of
the American delegation by Col. Telford Taylor, Maj. Loftus
Becker, Maj. Paul Neuland, Capt. Walter Rapp, Capt. Seymour
Krieger, and Mr. Charles Kruszeawski; with the assistance of
a British staff made jointly available to both the American
and British delegations, consisting of W/Cdr. Peter
Calvocoressi, RAFVR Maj. Oliver Berthoud, IC, Lt. Michael
Reade, RNVR, F/Lt. George Sayers, RAFVR, S/O Barbara Pinion,
WAAF, W/O Mary Carter, WAAF, and Miss Elizabeth Stewart.
The charts reproduced are among those introduced by the
prosecution, and were designed and executed by presentation
specialists assigned to OCC by the Office of Strategic
Services, and headed by David Zablodousky under the
direction of Comdr. James B. Donovan, USNR.
Acknowledgment must also be made of the very effective
labors of the British delegation in preparing those
materials in Chapter IX on Aggressive War relating to
Aggression as a Basic Nazi -Idea, the Violation of Treaties,
and the Aggressions against Poland, Danzig,
England and France, Norway and Denmark, the Low Countries,
and the Balkans, as well as the materials in sections on
Individual Defendants relating to Streicher, Raeder,
Doenitz, Neurath, and Ribbentrop. This share of the common
task was borne by Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe, K.C.,
M.P., Mr. Geoffrey D. Roberts, K.C., Lt. Col. J. M. G.
Griffith-Jones, M.C., Col. Harry J. Phillimore, O.B.E., and
Maj. Elwyn Jones, M.P.
[Page xviii]
The British opening address was delivered by the Attorney
General and chief of.the British delegation, Sir Hartley
Shawcross,. K.C., M.P.
Recognition is also due to Maj. F. Jay Nimitz, Miss Alma
Soller, and Miss Mary Burns, for their loyal and capable
assistance in all the harassing details of compiling,
editing and indexing these numerous papers.
One final word should be said in recognition of the
financial burden assumed by the State and War Departments,
which have generously joined in allocating from their
budgets the very considerable funds required to make this
publication possible.
Roger W. Barrett, Captain, JAGD
William E. Jackson, Lieutenant (Jg), USNR
Editors
Approved:
Robert H. Jackson
Chief of Counsel Nurnberg, 20 January 1946.

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