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Diagnosis

The diagnosis of myocarditis is often difficult. There is no specific test for it. Many other causes of heart problems must be ruled out. To do this, your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.

Tests may include:

Blood tests to look for specific cardiac enzymes

Electrocardiogram
(EKG)—records the heart’s activity by measuring electrical currents through the heart muscle

Treatment

The universally recommended therapy for myocarditis is bedrest, no physical activity, and supplemental oxygen. Corticosteroids may be given to help inflammation. You will most likely be admitted to a hospital.

Specific treatment is directed at the underlying cause if possible. For instance:

If the cause is a bacterial infection, antibiotics are prescribed.

If it is viral, antiviral agents will be prescribed.

Immunosuppressive therapy may be used if myocarditis is due to an autoimmune disorder such as lupus or scleroderma.

If heart failure symptoms are present, medications are given to support the function of the heart. These include diuretics, ACE-inhibitors, beta-blockers, and anti-arrhythmic agents.

Additionally, a defibrillator, which helps maintain the normal rhythm of the heart, may be implanted into your chest. Severe cases may require a cardiac transplant.

Prevention

To help reduce your chance of myocarditis, reduce your exposure to identified causes:

Practice good hygiene to avoid the spread of infection. For example, wash your hands regularly.

Always use latex condoms during sexual activity.

Have sex with only one partner, who has sex only with you.

Do not use illegal drugs.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.