Silverstone ML04 and ML05 HTPC Enclosures: Introduction

Silverstone is well-known among technology enthusiasts, and while they offer a great selection of technology-related goods, cases and virtually everything enclosure-related are their specialty. The company offers a very impressive selection of such products, and for variety we decided to have a look at their low-profile HTPC products; even then, Silverstone had over a dozen from which to choose.

We requested they send us two of their most popular slim HTPC cases and Silverstone responded by sending us the Milo ML04 and the Milo ML05. The former is Silverstone's entry level HTPC offering, capable of holding up to Micro-ATX motherboards, while the latter is its smaller cousin, designed for Mini-ITX motherboards. As with most similar products, both of these cases are non-standard designs that have been developed specifically for use in living rooms, each with their unique features, strengths, weaknesses and limitations.

The following tables summarize the most important specifications of each case:

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39 Comments

I'm not sure I understand the testing method. I just built a HTPC using a Lian Li PC-C50B case. With a Intel Core i5 4440S, a H87 Board, a 300W Be Quiet PSU (the lowest I could get), a GTX 750 Ti OC, a Samsung 840 Pro SSD and 8GB of Crucial XMP 1.3 RAM and the two connected case fans the worst case wall consumption using benchmarks I could get in "performance mode" are around 120W. Your 230W for a far weaker system are sort of ridiculous.

With a 65W CPU and a >60W GPU (could only find stock TDP) you're probably at least 20 wall watts short of maxing your system out. That doesn't mean that the least unrealistic part of the test was after the fake CPU shut down in the mITX case.

Playing around with a few PSU wattage calculators gave 3-6W/dimm. The HDD numbers appear to be for 1/2 3.5" drives; in order to run in spec over 1 or 2 USB ports 2.5" drives would need to consume less than 2.5 or 5W. The only VRM efficiency data I was able to find was for VRMs from a decade ago which were 70-85% efficient under significant loads. And with only half height card slots, the GPU should either be in the 30-40W or not present at all.

Going for a plausible high load config I'd suggest a 75W CPU, 15W VRM (splitting the difference), 12W ram (using the high value for 2 full size dimms), 45W for a GPU and 15W for a 3.5" HDD; total 162W.

With these cases being sold without any installed fans; meaning they're expecting to be fully cooled by whatever the CPU fan pushes around and what the PSU fan exhausts, something in the 50-90W range is probably about right for a fair test.

Were I a case vendor, with the current test being designed to fail cases designed for medium to low power loads where component fans are intended to do most of the venting, I'd refuse to offer anything except either cases intended for totally fanless operation (eg designs with no room for a GPU and heat pipes running from the included CPU cooler to the chassis) or cases designed for high power over clocking gamers with multiple fans installed at the factory.

Using a tower cooler in a case optimized for a down blowing OEM heatsink, or a blower style GPU in a case designed for an open cooler could result in a few degrees of test result shifting either way. It would still provide more useful information than the current tests which severely penalize all cases except those with huge numbers of factory installed fans. As it stands, the only useful information in the reviews (not available from vendor/retailer pages) now is the subjective data: eg build quality, ease of installation and cable routing, etc.Reply

When performing thermal testing, you induce a constant, passive and significantly greater load than the worst case scenario. Reducing the load would yield similar results anyway, their magnitude would be lower and it would take too many hours to reach a thermal equilibrium. The testing is being performed only in order to provide a basis for proper thermal performance comparisons between similar cases. We can only tell you which case performs better than another, not the exact operating temperatures of every possible configuration that could be installed in it. Trying to correlate the figures of a thermal testing station with the numbers of actual PC's is fundamentally wrong. You cannot correlate with something that you do not know anything about, including (but not limited to) its actual thermal losses, and which not only is active (addition of airflow, sensors and their positions, BIOS programming, etc.) but variable as well.

You cannot use a typical PC to perform any kind of thermal testing. It is an uncontrollable, unknown and active load, with myriads of variables, plus each single system is unique. No matter what results one could get with a single system, no other user would get the exact same results, even if the system were to be identical, let alone a different configuration. Therefore, no matter what kind of numbers I would get by "testing" cases using a typical system, you would only be guessing how your system could correlate to those. Furthermore, I would not be able to compare cases to one another, as that is an active load and introduces myriads of variables that affect the results (you could easily end up with much different comparative results if the configuration of the PC changes). Such a procedure is meaningless.

The figures which you are denoting are the power drain, not the thermal load. These are two different things. The thermal load typically is significantly lower than the power drain. You are mentioning the AC power drain too, most likely read by a very cheap energy meter (unlikely to be the RMS value), not the actual energy consumption of the PC. The actual power drain of your PC probably is 20-50% lower than you think. Be careful with those numbers of yours.Reply

> When performing thermal testing, you induce a constant, passive and significantly greater load than the worst case scenario. Reducing the load would yield similar results anyway, their magnitude would be lower and it would take too many hours to reach a thermal equilibrium.

If that is the case you could just use any made up number (what about 1000W?) and check how long it takes until thermal overload. However those figures are completely irrelevant. When buying a case I'd be interested in knowing whether the design is good enough to cool down a reasonably dimensioned system not whether it is better than another system in unrealistic loads, just as DanNeely said.

I'm also not sure why you'd assume that those values can be scaled linearly because we're talking thermodynamics here and those are defined by in some cases very complicated differential equations where even approximate solving (eg. via FEM) can take some time.

> The figures which you are denoting are the power drain, not the thermal load.

I fail to see how they would differ much. With Semiconductors they're usually identical since energy doesn't simply vanish but only transforms into other forms, in this case almost exclusively heat (except for the LEDs and Lasers) and of course power which is consumed outside of the case e.g. to USB devices; but why complicate matters....

> You are mentioning the AC power drain too, most likely read by a very cheap energy meter (unlikely to be the RMS value)

That's a nice assumption but I do have equipment here with proper power factor calculation. And BTW: Even cheap energy meters are nowadays *very* accurate for switching loads >5W with an error of around 0-1%. For most uses it's not required to have a calibrated ZES ZIMMER LMG95 around...Reply

No, you cannot use any "made up number", because you will reach a thermal breakdown (much like it happened during the testing of the Milo ML05).

I never assumed that the values would scale *linearly*, that's an assumption on your part. Furthermore, using FEM to solve such a complicated system would require days from a large CPU cluster, it is impossible to perform even mundane calculations using a typical computer.

If all energy would convert into heat, then they would not be semiconductors but simple resistors. Semiconductors do work and they require energy for it, which does not get converted to heat. I will not go into the details, you need to expand your knowledge of electronics a lot more before you can understand how the mechanism works if you now believe that all energy will just be converted to thermal.

If you think that cheap energy meters are accurate, then you have no understanding of electric energy at all. Such devices are impossibly inaccurate when used to resolve complex waveforms, especially when these include harmonics. A switching PSU will induce both a phase angle shift and will generate harmonics, thus trying to measure its power drain using such a device is like trying to calculate the distance between the earth and the moon by using a ruler. Their "1% error" suggests that they are at their optimal measuring range and metering a perfectly Ohmic load.

My apologies for the short, vague reply, but I simply do not have the time to give you a much more thorough answer.Reply

> No, you cannot use any "made up number", because you will reach a thermal breakdown (much like it happened during the testing of the Milo ML05).

That's sort of my point (and DanNeelys) point. It does not make any sense to test a higher output than a sane system will ever reach.

> I never assumed that the values would scale *linearly*, that's an assumption on your part. Furthermore, using FEM to solve such a complicated system would require days from a large CPU cluster, it is impossible to perform even mundane calculations using a typical computer.

That's very much wrong. For such a simple system of differential equations it would be more like a couple of seconds on current hardware. However you'd need a proper model of each case and proper starting conditions which might take a long time to make up.

> If all energy would convert into heat, then they would not be semiconductors but simple resistors. Semiconductors do work and they require energy for it, which does not get converted to heat. I will not go into the details, you need to expand your knowledge of electronics a lot more before you can understand how the mechanism works if you now believe that all energy will just be converted to thermal.

No, I think you'll need to learn the basics of electronics. Does your CPU move or light up by any chance? How about running hot? And yes, of course there's plenty of resistance in there. You do know how a "transfer resistor" aka transistor works, right?

> If you think that cheap energy meters are accurate, then you have no understanding of electric energy at all.

3 out of 15 sucked rocks while the rest where surprisingly accurate. I do have Fluke True RMS meter and a certified (means good for billing in public networks) smart meter here providing very accurate readings but honestly when my own tests and the c't both say my energy meter is somewhat accurate (+/-1% is good enough) even in tricky cases I don't bother pulling out and connect the complicated gear (not a big fan of having testing probes and other loose electrical connections in the living room where the kids play)...Reply