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Isolated or Connected: an Economic and Social View on Impacts of Children â€™ s Migration on Elderly Care in China. The 4th International Conference on Population and Geographies 2007.07.12 Chinese University of Hong Kong. John Ma Director Center for Spatial and Social Demographics

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Isolated or Connected: an Economic and Social View on Impacts of Children’s Migration on Elderly Care in China The 4th International Conference on Population and Geographies 2007.07.12 Chinese University of Hong Kong John Ma Director Center for Spatial and Social Demographics University of Science and Technology Guowei Zhou Project Assistant Center for Spatial and Social Demographics University of Science and Technology *Thanks for NBS and supports from RGC6305/04H and NRC06/07.HSS01

Literature& Previous Studies Arguments: urbanization and migration on the well-being of elderly -: (Kosberg and Garcia 2004; UN 2002) • Lose of young labor force and heavy farming burden • Crash of traditional family support system • Isolation between two generations +: (Knodel 2005; Vanwey2004;Stark and Lucas 1988) • Family strategy to diversify risks of household income • Benefit both migrants and family members financially • Maintaining contacts while away • Exchange of Services between generations • Division of labor

Hypotheses • We take a relatively positive view: • “Strategy” thesis: • migration enhance economic advantage of original family, including the support for elderly. • “Compensation” thesis: • The longer children leave, the more they give to parents. • The farer children leave, the more they give to parents. • “Isolation” thesis: • Away but connected • Elderly parents suffer in instrumental help and emotional comfort.

Model the Money Transfer from Children • Elderly with migrant Children are more likely to receive money transfer, and migration effect is very significant. • The migration effect on the magnitude of transfers are not that significant except for those elderly with long-term migrant children.

Self-perceived Economic Status of elderly by Hukou and Migration Status • The financial benefits are significant in rural areas where elderly with migrant children relatively higher socio-economic status. • Such an effect doesn’t exist in urban areas except for those elderly with inter-province migrant children.

Conclusion • The interaction style between generations seems to be sort of adapted response to the change of environment and dispersion of family members, which to some extent promote an extended family system. • The above evidence comparing migrant with non-migrant families suggest: • Migration do help left-behind parents in terms of financial support. • Time and space make a difference, especially in rural areas, which strongly suggests “compensation” thesis behind. • Elderly suffer a slight loss of instrumental help, but no obvious evidence to show a decay of contacts and emotional relationship. • Big difference exists for urban and rural areas.