There is a table property that allows the first row(s) to automatically repeat on subsequent pages. You set this by selecting the first table row and right clicking that row and choosing Table Properties > Row > Repeat as header row at the top of each page. You can do this to more than one row but it must always include the first row.

This setting is available in each of the table styles and is often turned on by default. Note that if you are using the table style to get this behaviour then you must also ensure that the table includes the setting for Table Tools > Design > Table Style Options > Header Row

If you don't want this behaviour to happen in the printout but instead just work on screen then you can split the window and scroll the two parts independently.

Word has had the table header rows feature for at least two decades. That is a quite separate issue from pane freezing of the kind Excel uses. Even in Excel, freezing a pane doesn't turn it into a header row.