NOTE: This article is based on research that utilizes the sources cited here as well as the collective experience of the Lab Tests Online Editorial Review Board. This article is periodically reviewed by the Editorial Board and may be updated as a result of the review. Any new sources cited will be added to the list and distinguished from the original sources used.

Sources Used in Current Review

James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427. Available at: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1791497 through http://jama.jamanetwork.com. Accessed 2014.

(August 2, 2012) High Blood Pressure. NIH National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Available online at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbp/ through http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov. Accessed on January 2014.

(Reviewed March 20, 2013) High Blood Pressure Facts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htm through http://www.cdc.gov/. Accessed on January 2014.

(1995-2005). High Blood Pressure. Merck Manual of Medical Information Second Home Edition Online [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec03/ch022/ch022a.html?qt=%22high%20blood%20pressure%22&alt=sh through http://www.merck.com.

(2003 December). Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) Express [pp xiii and 2-21 of 52 pages]. National High Blood Pressure Education Program [On-line information]. PDF available for download at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/hypertension/express.pdf through http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov.

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(2005 July 1, Updated). Diuretics Best First-step for High BP in Diabetics. MedlinePlus from Archives of Internal Medicine June 27 2005. [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_25529.html through http://www.nlm.nih.gov. Note: Source will not be available after 7/20/05.

(2004 August). What is High Blood Pressure? NHLBI [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Hbp/HBP_WhatIs.html through http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov.

Mayo Clinic Staff (2005 March 29). Secondary high blood pressure: When another disease or condition is to blame. MayoClinic.com [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=HQ01345 through http://www.mayoclinic.com.

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(2008 August). High Blood Pressure, What is it? National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Hbp/HBP_WhatIs.html through http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov. Accessed on 10/02/08.

(2008 August 7). High blood pressure (hypertension). MayoClinic.com [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/high-blood-pressure/DS00100 through http://www.mayoclinic.com. Accessed on 10/02/08.

(2012 March 13) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Blood Pressure Facts and Statistics. Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htm through http://www.cdc.gov. Accessed May 2012.

(2011, April 1). National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. High Blood Pressure, What is it? [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Hbp/HBP_WhatIs.html through http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov. Accessed May 2012.

Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment on High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) Express. PDF available for download at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/hypertension/jnc7full.pdf through http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov. Accessed May 2012.

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This article was last reviewed on May 30, 2014. | This article was last modified on May 30, 2014.

The review date indicates when the article was last reviewed from beginning to end to ensure that it reflects the most current science. A review may not require any modifications to the article, so the two dates may not always agree.

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