In addition to complaints about a gerrymandered electoral system that left more than half the voters without effective representation, protesters voiced concerns about the government’s near-total domination of public and private media, as well as Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s threats to crack down on journalists and rights groups who operate independently of the state.

Protesters also expressed alarm at Orbán’s shrill, nativist campaign, which focused almost entirely on racist fearmongering over the supposed threat posed to European civilization by the tiny number of Muslim refugees allowed into the country, and also labeled Hungarians who dare to offer them legal, material, or emotional support as enemies of the state.

One protest organizer told Peter Murphy of Agence France-Presse that younger voters, who are now contemplating emigrating to other European Union countries, opposed Orbán’s stated goal of transforming Hungary into “an illiberal state based on national foundations,” more like Russia or Turkey.

Orbán’s all-out propaganda war on migration in the run-up to the election deployed fake videos to bolster claims that Muslim immigrants had rendered the more tolerant parts of western Europe violent and “dirty,” and promoted a conspiracy theory that cast opposition leaders and rights activists as secret agents in a plot hatched by George Soros, the Hungarian-born billionaire philanthropist, to flood the country with migrants.

The prime minister had promised his first priority would be passing legislation he called the “Stop Soros” measures, aimed at reining in nongovernmental organizations by imposing a 25 percent tax on foreign donations and forcing them to undergo mandatory screenings by state security.

Fears that the campaign of harassment and intimidation against NGOs would only intensify after the election seemed more credible on Thursday, when a pro-government print weekly, Figyelo, published the names of hundreds of civil society activists, aid workers, scholars, and independent journalists — all identified as enemies of the state, based on support they had received from the Soros-funded Open Society Foundations, or OSF.

The list named staff members of organizations including legal watchdog Hungarian Helsinki Committee, Menedék, the Hungarian Association for Helping Migrants, the Hungarian Civil Liberties Union, Amnesty International Hungary, investigative news site Direkt36, and Central European University — including two faculty members, the historian Yehuda Elkana and the philosopher Ernest Gellner, who have been dead for more than a decade.

Many of those whose names appeared on the blacklist said that they would refuse to be intimidated.

Dávid Vig, program director at the Hungarian Helsinki Committee, which provides legal services to asylum-seekers as part of its work, told The Intercept in an email that the blacklist was “an extreme and primitive way of creating imaginary enemies; this hatred towards critical voices aims at silencing dissent and freezing independent civic engagement.”

“Personally, I feel that it will not stop me from doing my work to protect human rights and the rule of law in Hungary,” Vig added, “but I am concerned that it may threaten HHC’s potential clients (victims of state abuse) to seek legal protection through our help.”

Vig’s colleague Anna Simai, a spokesperson for the committee, said in a statement that “the only objective of the article and the list is fear-mongering.”

“All our activities, our finances and operations are transparent, lawful and legitimate,” she added. “We call on Figyelo and its owners to apologize to the people whose names were misused. Blacklisting must end before it’s too late.”

The editors of Figyel? did apologize on Friday, but only for accidentally including two dead men on their blacklist. They also encouraged anyone who wanted to be added to the list to submit their names by email to: online@figyelo.hu.

The director of Amnesty International Hungary, Júlia Iván, whose rights group, in fact, receives no funding from Soros, denounced the list as “a clear smear campaign to discredit NGOs and intimidate them.”

“The publication of such a list, in the context of the recent election campaign, is contemptible,” Michael Ignatieff, the president and rector of Budapest’s Central European University said in a statement. “This is a flagrant attempt at intimidation that is dangerous for academic freedom and therefore for all of Hungarian academic life.”

In an interview at his office in Budapest before the blacklist was published, András Kováts, the director of Menedék, explained that his organization had cooperated with the government to provide social and educational services to legal immigrants, helping to ease their integration into Hungarian society, without controversy for nearly two decades — until 2015, when the word “migrant” was transformed into “a swear word.”

Even though his organization received less than 5 percent of its operating budget over the past two years from the Soros foundation — and relies more on funding from the E.U. and United Nations — the government’s anti-migrant hysteria, Kováts said, had prompted an outpouring of hatred aimed at social workers, therapists, and educators who work with legal immigrants.

Still, Kováts was less concerned than some others that Orbán’s government really intends to eliminate nongovernmental organizations. “If you want to crash NGOs, you can do it like this,” Kováts said, snapping his fingers, “in no time.” But, he said, the government might be aware of just how useful the rights activists and aid workers were as pantomime villains.

“These people are the agents of the archenemy,” Kováts said, referring to the role of aid workers in the paranoid worldview the government uses to scare voters. “And imagine, I mean, you can’t defeat the archenemy. Once you defeat the archenemy, what’s next? I mean, the sun rises the next day and you have to say something.”

András Petho, a founder of the mainly reader-supported news site Direkt36, which has reported on the business dealings of Orbán’s family and allies, told the Associated Press that, although his website has received funding from the Soros foundation, it operates with complete independence. “We’ve never had any requests or expectations expressed about our reporting or stories by the Soros fund,” Petho said, adding that Direkt36’s donors are listed on its website.

The news site even used the attack as a way to appeal to readers for more donations.

German Ambassador Volkmar Wenzel in Budapest: "We had an exchange with civil society organisations that are essential for an open, pluralistic and democratic society and who need free space to move protected by legal safeguards to carry out their work." https://t.co/DoGNhxWkGk

Very important meeting with civil society representatives with my colleagues from NL, US, DE and CAN. NGOs more targeted and harassed than ever. More resilient and committed than ever. More supported than ever. pic.twitter.com/MHsDZ4AshI

Conspiracy theories about Soros — which draw on anti-Semitic tropes about Jewish bankers secretly ruling the world to cast his democracy promotion in a sinister light — are popular with the American “alt-right,” and have previously been used to justify crackdowns on rights groups in Russia and even Israel.

At a campaign rally in Budapest, Orban’s rhetorical attack on Soros veered into thinly disguised anti-Semitism. “We are fighting an enemy who is different from us,” he said. “This enemy hides rather than operating out in the open; he is crafty rather than forthright; base rather than honest; has loyalty to foreigners rather than compatriots; speculates with money rather than believing in work; and, lacking his own homeland, feels he owns the whole world.”

Apparently unable to find actual evidence of such a conspiracy, someone who supports Orbán’s government set out to manufacture proof in the run-up to the election. As The Intercept reported last week, at least 10 Hungarian rights activists or people associated with Soros appear to have been the targets of a private intelligence firm, which used false names and companies to arrange meetings and then provided heavily edited, secret recordings of the subjects to two newspapers friendly to Orbán, one in Budapest and the other in Jerusalem.

The Figyel? blacklist claims to identify just a small portion of the “mercenaries” working against Hungary on behalf of the billionaire. The introduction to the list says it was prompted by a secret recording of Tracie Ahern, a former executive with the Soros Fund Management, in which she was heard speculating that the philanthropist has about 2,000 people working for his charitable arm.

Ahern was clearly referring to the size of OSF’s worldwide staff (which is, in fact, about 1,700), but Orbán seized upon a distorted report of that comment in a government-controlled newspaper, citing it as proof that Soros had deployed “two thousand paid workers … an entire mercenary army working to topple the government, and me personally, in order to change the future of Hungary.”

OSF rejected that claim as entirely fictional when it was made. This week, it also denounced the publication of the blacklist.

“Publicly listing and labeling individuals as ‘enemies of the people’ recalls the darkest times of Hungarian history — doing this to senior academics and to human rights defenders marks a new low in the ongoing effort to silence open debate in Hungary,” Laura Silber, a spokesperson for OSF in New York, said in a statement.

“After this shameful list was published in the Hungarian weekly magazine Figyelo, the Open Society Foundations removed the names and contact details of our Budapest employees from our website, reflecting concerns about the security of our staff,” she added. “We will continue to support the work of Hungarian NGOs; we salute their courage and commitment to the values of tolerance and freedom at this most difficult time.”

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