Arguably the most famous dictator of all, Hitler took power in Germany in 1933 (despite having been born Austrian) and ruled until his suicide in 1945, having in the meantime started and lost World War 2. Deeply racist, he imprisoned millions of "enemies" in camps before executing them, stamped down on "degenerate" art and literature and tried to reshape both Germany and Europe to conform to an Aryan ideal. Vladimir Ilich Lenin (Soviet Union)

Leader and founder of the Bolshevik division of the Russian Communist Party, Lenin seized power in Russia during the October Revolution of 1917, thanks partly to the actions of others. He then led the country through civil war, starting a regime called “War Communism” to deal with the problems of warfare. He was pragmatic though, and stepped back from full communist aspirations by introducing the “New Economic Policy” to try and strengthen the economy. He died in 1924. He is often called the greatest modern revolutionary, and one of the twentieth century’s key figures. Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)

Stalin rose from humble beginnings to command the vast Soviet empire largely by a masterful and cold blooded manipulation of the bureaucratic system. He condemned millions to lethal work camps in bloody purges and controlled Russia tightly. In deciding the outcome of World War 2 and being instrumental in starting the Cold War, he perhaps affected the twentieth century more than any other man. Benito Mussolini (Italy)

Having been expelled from schools for stabbing classmates, Mussolini became the youngest ever Italian Prime Minister in 1922 by organising a fascist organisation of "blackshirts" which literally attacked the political left of the country. He soon transformed the office into dictatorship before pursuing foreign expansion and allying with Hitler. He was wary of a prolonged war, but entered into WW2 on the German side; this proved his downfall. With enemy troops approaching, he was...

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...Yes
Peter Kroptikin begins by making an extremely compelling argument for the necessity of the Frenchrevolution, and how the lives lost were a small price to pay for how beneficial the revolution was for the French people in the long run. His first argument is that during the four years of the revolution there was more food for peasants then ever before, he then goes on to discus how important and influential therevolution was on driving other European nations to democratize. The revolution also drove France to becoming more productive, which was vital to the economic growth of France during the era.
Kroptikin’s most important argument comes with his analysis of the progress of a nation, first telling us that there comes a point in a Nation’s history when they must either reform or revolutionize, he explains that in France the opportunity for reform was not taken, so revolution was the only viable option. He furthers by telling us that the instability of the Sans-culotte Republic of 1793 was a necessary driving force for the creation of the more powerful and vastly more stable Third Republic in 1815.
Another important affect that the FrenchRevolution had was the impact it made on the abolition of absolutism from other European nations. It sent a shockwave across the continent and was a key factor in the demise of serfdom as well...

...﻿ FRENCHREVOLUTION TIMELINE
1781:
19th February: Director-General of Finances, Jacques Necker, presents his financial report to King Louis XVI.
19th May: Necker resigns his position as Minister of Finance.
25th May: Joly de Fleury appointed Minister of Finance.
1782:
July: The King Imposes a third additional tax for the period 1783-1786.
1783:
3rd Sepetember: France signs the Treaty of Versailles, ending the conflict with Britain over the American colonies.
3rd November: Calonne is appointed Controler-General (Minister of Finances).
1785:
August: The scandal of the Diamond Necklace AFffair tarnishes the reputation of Queen Marie-Antoinette.
Necker publishes his views on the need for financial reform.
1786:
20th August: Calonne proposes financial reforms to the King.
1787:
22nd February: King convenes the Assembly of Notables to discuss final fiscal reform.
8th April: King dismisses reforming finance minister and appoints Brienne in his place.
25th May: King closes the Assembly of Notables.
August: The law courts (parlements) of Paris and Bordeaux rebel against the King’s authority and are exiled.
19th November: The King exerts authority upon the courts in the ‘royal session’.
1788:
3rd May: The Paris parlement states that the king has a duty to submit new laws to the parlements and that new taxes can only be imposed by agreement with the nation, as represented by the Estates-General.
8th May:...

...
CAUSES OF THE FRENCHREVOLUTION
1.
Describe the leadership of Louis XVI (16th) of France.
­
indecisive leader/ easily persuaded
­
put off financial problems.
­
French support for the colonists in the American War of Independence had brought the country to the verge of bankruptcy
­
agreed to summon the 'estates­general' (a form of parliament, but without real power) in order to try and raise taxes.
­
people were angered by Louis' refusal to allow the three estates ­ the first (clergy), second (nobles) and third (commons) ­ to
meet simultaneously, the Third Estate proclaimed itself a national assembly, declaring that only it had the right to represent the
nation.
­
king intended to suppress the assembly provoked the popular storming of the Bastille prison
­
attempted to escape,considered proof of treason
­
forced to accept a new constitution, thereby establishing a constitutional monarchy.
­
executed at the guillotine on 21 January 1793
1. Describe the lifestyle and habits of Marie Antoinette.
­
accusations of frivolity, extravagance and scandalous behaviour
­
discredited the monarchy
­
Spent most of her time with her stylists and getting her hair done
­
Spent so much money in gambling and things
3.
Which war drove France into debt?
The French and Indian war (seven years war)
4.
What other factors made life difficult for the French people in...

...The FrenchRevolution
The years before the FrenchRevolution (which started in 1789 AD.) were
ones of vast, unexpected change and confusion. One of the changes was the
decline of the power of the nobles, which had a severe impact on the loyalty of
some of the nobles to King Louis XVI. Another change was the increasing power
of the newly established middle class, which would result in the monarchy
becoming obsolete. The angry and easily manipulated peasants, who were used by
the bourgeoisie for their own benefit were another significant change, and
finally the decline of the traditional monarchy, that for so long had ruled,
were all factors to the main point that the FrenchRevolution was caused by a
political base, with social disorder and economic instability contributing to
the upheaval. All of the sub-factors relate with one-another, but are separate
in their own ways.
For centuries, the French noble was well set in society. He found
prosperity and security in the old regime, and all he had to do was pay homage
to the king, and provide the king with his services. This all came to a gradual
stop, however beginning with the loss of the noble's power over their own land
at the hands of Louis XIV.1 This was the foundation of the revolte nobiliaire
in the fact that it formed a basis of mistrust, and anger for the monarch.2 In
that time the feudal system was...

...FRENCHREVOLUTION
ASSIGNMENT ONE
Modern European History Jonah Haines 1293
Mr. Potts
ìPrivilege not poverty caused the French Revolutionî
To what extent do you agree?
The FrenchRevolution was essentially a class war between the emerging Bourgeoisie
against the Privileged class, this meant they saw the Privileged class as the only hurdle
between themselves and equality within French society. Many of the ideas they pursued
stemmed from the enlightenment and they believed that in order to gain their full
economic, social and political potential and gain equality, the Bourgeoisie had to eradicate
the privileges that were halting their rise in society. To do this they had to seize power for
themselves and gaining power within the government and making badly needed changes,
such as, improving the tax system, creating a fair system of production where profits went
to the producer, improving the whole fiscal system of the government, improving the
geographical divisions of France and the problems they caused, plus many more. The
revolution was a fight for equality and recognition by the Bourgeoisie, it was not a revolt
against poverty, for many of the French people had been living in poverty for centuries and
had learnt to live with it.
France had prospered in the Eighteenth century....

...﻿
The FrenchRevolution
The FRENCHRevolution signaled the beginning of the rise of the Bourgeoisie in French politics. The French bourgeoisie helped because the FrenchRevolution by the Absolute Monarchy which is a ruler with complete authority over the government and lives of the people he or she governs. This was wrong because of the Enlightenment being a tax. King Louis XVI had total power and denied all rights of the people. Some problems with the Estates General was that the estate general parliament was made up of 3 classes. The first class was knows as clergy which up of 5%, the second class was nobles who were made up of 2.5%, and the third and final class was commoners which made up 97%, In this estate the Third class had no say in government and this caused a problem because the estate would vote and class one and two would shut out the third with a 2 to 1 vote.
The enlightenments did not agree with the estate. The enlightenments was a group started in France, and inspired by philosophers they were emphasized on democracy which is a government in which the people hold ruling power. The enlightenments had inspiration of the American Revolution and the democratic changes in England. Another major cause was unfair tax practices, which was that the first two estate classes paid not taxes, the third paid taxes. By this many causes...

...The political, economic, and social causes of the FrenchRevolution affected the people of France.The FrenchRevolution also had an impact on the world outside of France.
Throughout the years of 1789-1814, the FrenchRevolution occurred which left a huge mark in world history. During this time period, Napoleon’s reign also also occurred. These 25 years of rebellion, violence, and misunderstanding caused huge changes, not only in France, but in other regions and nations throughout the world.
There were many political causes of the FrenchRevolution.
“The King, Louis XVI, was absolute. He ruled by the divine right theory which held that he had received his power to govern from God and was therefore responsible to God alone.” (Document #1)
One cause of the FrenchRevolution was having an absolute monarchy. An absolute monarchy is a ruler who governs alone and is not restrained by laws, a constitution, or customs. King Louis XVI was able to appoint civil officials and military officers, enforce laws,declare wars, raise taxes, etc. He believed that God sent him to rule the people.
There were also many economical causes of the FrenchRevolution.
“Walking up on a long hill, to ease my mare, I was joined by a poor woman, who complained of the times, and that it was a sad...

...Chen Hao
World History 9, Period 4
1-I-13
First Draft of FrenchRevolution Essay
Why was there a revolution in France in 1789?
The FrenchRevolution was a imaginary train that changed the direction of thought in Europe and also showed the end of the “Modern Age”, which is called the Ancién Regime in France, and showed the beginning of a “Contemporary Age”. The absolutism of the Ancién Regime was the seed that planted the fury of the people in France and it was the main reason that started the revolution. The unfairness of the First and Second State (Clergy and Nobles which were the rich population that represented 3% of the French population), the economic problems that led France to a disastrous situation which people began stealing food of others and also the public thinking and reasoning were altered by Enlightenment ideas that made them think and question about the government.
The Ancién Regime was a long-term cause that led the main direction of the FrenchRevolution.. The French social system had the same social hierarchy as a Feudal social system, which is a middle age social system that divided the social hierarchy in three parts, the Ancién Regime developed the society in three states, the First State was the Church including the clergy and monks, the Second State was the nobility which include government...