According to the excerpt given, I can elaborate that the language is one of the main tools mankind uses to interact and to express ideas, emotions, knowledge, memories and values. Language is also the main vehicle for cultural expression essential for individual and collective identity. Linguists have long recognized that the forms and uses of a given language reflect the cultural values of the society in which the language is spoken; this is why mere linguistic competency is not enough for learners to be competent in a particular language. Second language learners need to be aware of culturally appropriate ways to address people, make requests, agree or disagree and express gratitude, especially since their own customary behaviour and intonation may be perceived differently by members of differing cultures. It is essential to understand that in order to become a successful communicator; the language being used must parallel culturally appropriate behaviour. Language is a part of culture and a culture is a part of a language. This is because, understanding a language involves not only knowledge of grammar, phonology and lexis but also a certain features and characteristics of the culture. To communicate internationally inevitably involves communicating intercultural as well, which probably leads us to encounter factors of cultural differences. Such kind of differences exist in every language such as the place of silence, tone of voice, appropriate topic of conversation, and expressions as speech act functions (e.g. apologies, suggestions, complains, refusals, etc.).

According to Elizabeth Peterson and Bronwyn Coltrane in their articles “Culture in Second Language Teaching” state that linguists and anthropologists have long recognized that the forms and uses of a given language reflect the cultural values of the society in which the language is spoken. Linguistic competence alone is not enough for learners of a language to be competent in that language (Krasner, 1999). Language learners need to be aware, for example, of the culturally appropriate ways to address people, express gratitude, make requests, and agree or disagree with someone. They should know that behaviors and intonation patterns that are appropriate in their own speech community may be perceived differently by members of the target language speech community. They have to understand that, in order for communication to be successful, language use must be associated with other culturally appropriate behavior. In many regards, culture is taught implicitly, imbedded in the linguistic forms that students are learning. To make students aware of the cultural features reflected in the language, teachers can make those cultural features an explicit topic of discussion in relation to the linguistic forms being studied. For example, when teaching subject pronouns and verbal inflections in French, a teacher could help students understand when in French it is appropriate to use an informal form of address (tu) rather than a formal form of address (vous)—a distinction that English does not have. An English as a second language teacher could help students understand socially appropriate communication, such as making requests that show respect; for example, “Hey you, come here” may be a linguistically correct request, but it is not a culturally appropriate way for a student to address a teacher. Students will master a language only when they learn both its linguistic and cultural norms.

When a society decides to adopt another language, in a way it also decides to adopt the culture of that language. We can observe this in the social norms which are heavily manifested in language use, as we express things according to the perceived expectations in society and the situations we find ourselves in. In Malaysia, for example, the ways in which simple everyday conducts are carried out by Malays show...

... Can language be used as a political instrument?
Language is a system of signs and meanings that usually shared by a community of people. There is no doubt that language is very important and necessary in the society. Language offers people the means for interaction and to depict ‘people, places and things’. (Butt and David, 1986) Edward Sapir (1884–1939),an American linguist and anthropologist, was the first one who proposed the...

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Zyedego has sustained losses since the hurricane, and insurance companies were slow concerning payments to all small businesses, arguing about wind verses water damage
Impeding the process of obtaining benefits was lack of documents destroyed in the storm.
Peter meets with the insurance company about medical reimbursement, death benefit, and pension plans. The chief adjustor for Zyedego’s insurance and pension advisor says that...

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What They Don't TellYouAbout Equestrian
What they don't tellyouabout Equestrian is that you would love that sport- which seems just a way of keeping a social status for the elite to outsiders, but is actually the best sport I have encountered in all my life. First you only visit an equestrian center, because of your friends' persistence or to...

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A very good afternoon to my dear lecturer and all my fellow classmates. my passion is to present about Polaroid cameras/ instant cameras. Polaroid camera has been around for ages and of the earliest model can date back as old as 1923. Polaroid Cameras today comes in many designs, and colors. All are designed to suite a variety of...

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In Julian Baggini's "Is There a Real You?", he discusses what our preconceived notion of what we think we are. He challenges the typical idea of what the word "you" really means and how it defines us. For the longest time, we have always thought that we needed to actually go out and discover who we are as a...

...To what extent can the language and literature of a nation or a race reflect the history and culture of this nation or race? To what extent can the soul of a nation and the universal values in the innermost recesses of the minds of humanity be revealed in the language and literature of a given country? To those questions, only the person who is long engaged in the study of this field can find distinctive answers and develop...

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