Finally, the generalized model is scrutinized in terms of its normal, adjoint, optimal and singular modes. It is found that the modes of the empirically modified model are more stable than the ones of the barotropic model. ...

The genesis and evolution of easterly waves over the Atlantic Ocean are investigated with a moist multi-level quasi-geostrophic model. The origin of African waves is first re-examined as a linear instability problem of a ...

The plane-parallel assumption is commonly used for solving radiative transfer problems in weather and climate research. While a plethora of observational and three-dimensional (3-D) radiative transfer simulations have ...

These observed interaction signatures are then compared to the interaction signatures predicted by three commonly used gravity-wave parameterizations: critical level filtering, linear saturation filtering, and diffusive ...

Mesoscale Gravity Waves (MGWs) are large pressure perturbations that form in the presence of a stable layer at the surface either behind Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) in summer or over warm frontal surfaces behind ...

Humans have and are likely to continue to dramatically alter both the global landscape through the conversion of natural ecosystems into agriculture, and the atmosphere through the combustion of biomass and fossil fuels ...

The direct and indirect effect of CCN on TC development and the nonlinear nature of the interaction between nucleating aerosols and TC dynamics are inseparable, which makes the ultimate impact of the ambient aerosol ...

The fingerprint of human activities on the composition of Earth’s atmosphere is manifest. It is now well recognized that the changes in the atmospheric composition due to human activities have resulted in changes in several ...

In this dissertation, I systematically investigated the impacts of current model-data uncertainties on biogeophysical-biogeochemical interactions in a terrestrial modeling framework. To achieve this objective, I applied a ...

The average temperature in the United States has increased by almost 2ºF since the beginning of the 20th century. Such changes in temperature are expected to continue as the Earth’s climate changes as a result of the effects ...

A detailed examination of the case study led to new insight into polarimetric field evolution associated with a significantly tornadic supercell thunderstorm. This included the identification of a specific differential ...

The total contribution of the small (radius <= 0.35 um) and medium (radius <= 0.7 um) sized particles as a defined by MISR (Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer) to the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is correlated to the ...

A great deal has been learned in the past 20 years from observations and numerical simulation of thunderstorms. The relationship between the character of isolated convection and the in-situ buoyancy and shear profiles has ...

The unifying theme of this study is to conduct an extensive exploration of various interactions between ocean circulation, the carbon cycle, marine ecosystems, and climate change using an earth system model of intermediate ...

On 8 June 2003, an expansive squall line along a surface cold frontal boundary was sampled during the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment. The Naval Research Laboratory P-3 aircraft and the National Oceanic ...

Isoprenoids are the most dominant class of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and have been shown to significantly impact global tropospheric chemistry and composition, climate and the global carbon cycle. In the ...

An original method was developed to define the regional Hadley circulation (HC) in terms of the meridional streamfunction. The interannual variability of the Atlantic HC in boreal summer was examined using the EOF analysis. ...

This study examines supercell interactions from a suite of fifty-two idealized numerical simulations. The relative positions of two storm cells are varied for each case, and a single-cell simulation serves as the control. ...

Aerosol particles have the ability to alter our climate by direct and indirect effects. Black carbon is a unique aerosol in that along with scattering, it can also absorb solar radiation, which heats the atmosphere and ...

New evidence is presented to show that decreasing sea ice in the Arctic is causing an increased amplification of the jet stream off the west coast of the United States. We find a statistically significant relationship ...