Russian Revolution

Comments (0)

Transcript of Russian Revolution

Russian Revolution Review Stalin Lenin Restores Order Causes Czars Resist Change Crisis At Home & Abroad March Revolution To Road Revolution Industrialization Alexander III Nicholas I Alexander II Nicholas II AutocraticUsed censorship & secret police Monitored educationSent prisoners to SiberiaMade Russian the offical lagnuage and the Orthodoz Church the offical religionUtilized Pogroms (organized violence against Jews) Government sought foreign investment & raised taxesFocused on production of steelConstructed the Tans-Siberian RailwayFactories doubled between 1863 & 1900 Poor working conditionsLow wagesChild Labor Revolutionaries Followed views of Karl MarxIndustrial class (proletariat) would overthrow the czar Mensheviks Bolsheviks ModeratesBroad base of support RadicalsSmall, committed base Lenin Leader of BolsheviksBrother was hanged for plotting to kill the czarPlanned to overthrow the czar"Father of the Revolution"Fled to western Europe to escape arrest by the czar Russo-Japanese War Competed for control of Korea and ManchuriaRussia broke series of peace agreementsJapan retaliated by attacking Bloody Sunday January 22, 1905Workers led by priests marched to the Winter Palace in hopes of improving poor working conditionsGaurds opened fire killing & wounding 1,000Provoked a wave of strikes and violenceOctober Manifesto: Nicholas promised more freedom, including the creation of the Duma (which was absolved 10 weeks later) WWI Russia was unprepared to handle the military and economic costsWithin one year, over 4 million Russian soldiers were killedNicholas II moved his headquarters to the war frontCzarina Alexandra, who was left in charge, ignored the chief advisers and followed the advice of Rasputin Rasputin "holy man" who claimed to have magical healing powersNicholas and Alexandra's son, Alexis, suffered from hemophiliaHe opposed reform efforts and appointed his friends to powerful positionsNobles attempted to assassinate 6 min Petrograd Women textile workers led a strikeSparked riots over shortages of bread and fuelSoldiers soon joined the protesters Nicholas II abdicated throne and was later executedDuma established a provisional government led by Alexander Kerensky. He chose to keep Russia in WWI.Socialist revolutionaries, competing for power, formed Soviets (local councils consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers) The Bolshevik Revolution Lenin ordered that all farmland be distributed among the peasants Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (terms upset many Russians) Lenin returned to Russia with the help of GermanyBolshevik Red Guards, armed factory workers, stormed the Winter Palace and took control of the Provisional Government Civil War White Army: opponents who wanted the czar back, wanted democracy instituted, or socialists who opposed Lenin's styleSupported by Western nationsRed Army: Bolshevik armed forcesLed by Leon Trotsky Peace, Land, Bread 14 Million died during the Civil War and the famine that followed New Economic Policy Small scale version of capitalismAllowed peasants to sell their surplus crops instead of turning them over to the governmentGovernment controlled major industries, banks, and means of communicationAllowed for some private factories and businesses Nationalism Threatening Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsUSSR Communists Bolsheviks renamed Alexander IIINicholas IITrans-Siberian RailwayMensheviksBolsheviksFather of the RevolutionLeninproletariatBloody SundayOctober ManifestoDumaRasputin Czarina AlexandraRusso-Japanese WarMarch RevolutionProvisional GovernmentKerenskySovietsWhite ArmyRed GuardTrotskyUSSRNew Economic Policy (NEP)Peace, Land, Bread 10 min Childhood Context 10 min Power Five Year Plans collective farmsKulaksFive Year PlansGulagComman EconomyGreat PurgeLeague of Militant GodlessTotalitarianism Marx Lenin History was the story of class struggle capitalism vs. the proletariat AND the peasants Spontaneous revolution would occur when the proletariat's numbers would become so great and their condition so poor Proletariat and the peasants were not capable of leading a revolution so they needed the guidance of professional revolutionaries Revolution would end with a "dictatorship of the proletariat" Revolution would end only with the guidance of a single party administration Red = revolutionary Hammer & Sickle = Union of workers and peasants Red Star = Rule of the Communist Party 1923 R.I.P.Lenin Leon Trotsky Joseph Stalin Nikolai Bukharin Most radical Bolshevik leaderBelieved in actively spreading the revolution abroad Supported by moderatesFavored continuing the NEP to secure domestic growth "Socialism in One Country"Stabilize socialism within USSR 1924