Military History. — Cadet at the Military Academy, July 1, 1856, to May 6, 1861, when he was graduated and promoted in the Army to

Second Lieut., 3d Artillery, May 6, 1861.

Served during the Rebellion of the Seceding States, 1861‑66: in drilling Volunteers at Washington, D. C., May‑June, 1861; as Acting Aide-

(First Lieut., 3d Artillery, May 14, 1861)

de‑Camp to Brig.‑General Mansfield, commanding Department of Washington, Jan. to July, 1861; in the Defenses of Washington, D. C., July to Dec., 1861; in garrison at the Presidio of San Francisco, Cal., Jan.‑Feb., 1862, — and San Pedro, Cal., Feb. to Apr., 1862; on frontier duty on March with his Battery, via Ft. Yuma, Cal., through Arizona to the Rio Grande, Apr. to Aug., 1862, — at Ft. Fillmore, N. M., Aug. to Oct.,

1862, — and March to Albuquerque, N. M., Oct.‑Nov., 1862; as Assistant in the Topographical Bureau, at Washington, D. C., Dec. 18, 1862, to Jan. 16, 1863; as Chief Top. Engineer, Jan. 16 to Mar. 3, 1863, and Asst. Engineer, Mar. 3 to July 10, 1863, of the Department of

(Captain, Corps of Engineers, June 5, 1863)

the Gulf, being engaged in the Teche Campaign, Apr. to May, 1863, participating in the Combat of Irish Bend, Apr. 14, 1863, and various Reconnoissances and Explorations, — Expedition to Port Hudson,
p791May 19‑27, 1863, — and Siege of Port Hudson, May 27 to July 8, 1863, except while detached to Donaldsonville, which was also besieged, June 28 to July 7, 1863; on sick leave of absence, July 10 to July 20, 1863; at the Military Academy, as Asst. Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, Aug. 29, 1863, to June 20, 1864; as Asst. Engineer, attached to 9th Corps, June 27 to July 10, 1864, and commanding Engineer Company, July 10 to Aug., 1864, and Battalion, Aug., 1864, to Apr. 25, 1865 (Army of the Potomac), in the Richmond Campaign, being engaged in the Siege of Petersburg, July 10, 1864, to Apr. 2,

(Bvt. Major, Aug. 1, 1864, for Gallant and Meritorious Services during the Campaign before Richmond, Va.)

(Bvt. Lieut.‑Colonel, Apr. 9, 1865, for Faithful and Meritorious Services during the Operations resulting in the Fall of Richmond, Va., and the Surrender of the Insurgent Army under General R. E. Lee

Apr. 25 to May 17, 1865.

Served: in command of Engineer Battalion, May 17, 1865, to June 1, 1865, and of Company, June 1, 1865, to Apr., 1867, at Willet's Point, N. Y.; as Asst. Engineer in the repairs of Ft. Schuyler, N. Y., Dec., 1865, to June 1, 1866, — and of repairs of Fts. Porter and Niagara, and of improvement of Dunkirk and Buffalo Harbors, N. Y., Apr., 1867, to June 3, 1868; as Superintending Engineer of the same (except Ft. Niagara), June 3, 1868, to July, 1874, — of repairs of Ft. Wayne, of Surveys and

(Major, Corps of Engineers, Feb. 22, 1869)

Improvements of Harbors and Rivers on Lake Erie, west of Dunkirk, and of Tenth Light-house District, Apr. 1, 1873, to July, 1874, — of Sixth Light-house District, July 16, 1874, to Feb. 24, 1875, — of Fifth Light-house District, July 16, 1874, to Mar. 12, 1877, — of St. Clair Flats Canal, and of Harbor and River Improvements in Eastern Michigan, Mar. 19, 1877, to Sep. 16, 1882; as Recorder of Board of Engineers on Improvement of Buffalo Harbor, N. Y., Erie, Pa., and Harbor of Refuge at New Buffalo, Mich., Mar., 1868; as Member of Board of Engineers on Modification of Dunkirk Breakwater, Nov., 1869, and Nov., 1870, — on International Bridge across the Niagara, at Buffalo, Sep. 29, 1870, to Feb. 7, 1871, — on Improvement of Oswego Harbor, Apr. 10 to May 8, 1871, — on Modifications in Improvement of Buffalo Harbor, Apr. 2‑10, 1873, and Dec. 10, 1873, to Mar. 23, 1874, — to accept land of Marine Hospital of Pennsylvania at Presque Isle, June, 1873, — on Bridge across the Genesee at Charlotte, N. Y., Oct. 20‑31, 1874; as Superintending Engineer of Surveys of River and Harbor Improvements in Western Michigan, Oct. 6, 1879, to May 16, 1882, — of Improvement of Wareham and Hyannis Harbors, Mas., Sep. 28, 1882, and Scituate, Plymouth, and Provincetown Harbors, Mas., Oct. 5, 1882, to Mar. 26, 1883; and as Member of Engineer Board on Pier, east coast of Lake Michigan, July 27, 1880.