母系的密切联系与史前西伯利亚葬俗：对新石器时代贝加尔湖的个案研究

Abstract
The ‘Lokomotiv’ cemetery in the Lake Baikal region of Siberia is considered to be the largest Neolithic cemetery in North Asia. A large degree of mortuary variability has been documented at Lokomotiv including striking di&#64256;erences in grave architecture, body treatment and grave good assemblages. The purpose of this study is to understand whether observed mortuary variability at Lokomotiv was used to indicate di&#64256;erential biological a&#64259;nity for those buried in this cemetery. To answer this, we compared the distribution of matrilineally-inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers retrieved from Lokomotiv skeletal remains against various lines of archaeological evidence. Using a combined strategy of coding-region SNP and HVI sequence detection, we were able to produce mtDNA pro&#64257;les for 31 of 37 Lokomotiv individuals. Our results to date suggest that while matrilineal a&#64259;nities did not overtly shape the spatial organisation of Lokomotiv, they may have in&#64258;uenced the type of grave one was interred in and in certain cases, the type of mortuary treatment given to an individual. The most compelling di&#64256;erences in matrilineal a&#64259;nity were found between group grave and single grave burials in one cluster of the cemetery and evoke a notion of intra-community power structure shaped by matrilineally-ascribed group membership. The &#64257;ndings from this study will be further explored with future enhancements to the archaeological and biological datasets for Lokomotiv as well as a contemporaneous Baikal region cemetery known as Shamanka II. In doing so, we hope to further illuminate the social complexities governing these prehistoric Siberian communities.