East Timor: Thoughts on Abortion A Few Days Before Law Approval

as usual, I am back to share information about women’s issues from globalvoice.org. today is about abortion issue and posted by Sara Moreira . okay, let’s read and do not forget I need your comment.

There has been a dramatic debate in East Timor over recent weeks about the provisions of the new draft penal code pertaining to abortion. The draft article 144 of the penal code deals with “interruption of pregnancy”. Draft article 142 deals with “non-punishable interruption of pregnancy”. By the proposed article 144, abortion is crime and those who perform abortion will be punished with imprisonment terms ranging from 2 and 8 years.

This excerpt was taken from the East Timor Law and Justice Bulletin (ETJL), in a post named “What happens when abortion is illegal”. At the beginning of June, a new Penal Code will take effect in East Timor, defending the criminalization of abortion, except in underage cases or when the mother’s health is in jeopardy. Abortions derived from incest and rape cases will be punished.

Abortion in East Timor is not a new debate and neither is its illegal practice through the so called traditional medicines, ET continues:

It is not a long search to find both incest and the death of women through incompetent abortion agents in recent East Timorese history. In November 2008, the Judicial System Monitoring Program reported on a case in the Oecusse District Court that arose from the death of a woman who was administered a traditional abortifacient.

The prosecutor’s indictment in that case stated that in March 2007 in Betasi, Taiboko the first defendant entrusted some traditional medicine to the second defendant to be given to the victim J and to be taken in accordance with instructions set out by the first defendant. The aim of the two defendants was to enable the victim to abort her four month old fetus. The defendants instructed the victim to take the medicine regularly for three weeks. After several days the victim aborted the foetus and died.

Girls Oecussi

At the beginning of 2009, East Timor and Indonesia Action Network (ETAN) posted about Women in Timor ‘having unsafe abortions’ and in the same month UNICEF reported that 1 in 35 East Timorese women die in childbirth.

Three months later, an Australian woman working for the Timorese Government’s Gender Equality Secretariat in a post called Action not words – Women’s Peace Conference [6], comments on the event [en [7], pt [8], te [9]] that took place in early March this year (the conference speeches can be found here [10]). According to her, abortion was under debate at the conference with a strong impact on women who were discussing gender issues in East Timor:

There was a noticeable amount of white malae (foreigner) women, but overwhelmingly the women were brown. This conference was for them. And talking about using contraception in Timor, which is 90% Catholic – talking about spacing your family and perhaps having 5 kids instead of 8 or 10 – talking more generally, in public, that women need to have a public voice – this was very controversial and generated a huge buzz of voices in the room.

(…) I can see that of course this event was more than just words for hundreds of people. I was told that the next day at the event, abortion was discussed. This is not something that people talk about openly here! They have criminalized it and put in place hospital policies that try to prevent abortions at all costs. Yet it came up. This is not just a discussion; this is women feeling safe enough to get together and talk about issues for all of society. They will go home energized and talk about what they heard and saw in Dili and let me tell you, there are some driven people in this country and they aren’t all foreigners. They have women’s NGOs galore here, it’s the only way to get their voices heard most of the time. The ideas shared here are going to result in new ways and programs. Someone might even go home and leave next time her husband beats her; or they might say ‘Hey, let’s wait a little longer before we have that 7th kid’.

I can only hope.

The “huge buzz of voices” when talking about these issues may be related to the fact that Timorese culture tends to follow the Catholic Church’s moral conscience, which played an important role in the country’s self-determination during Indonesian times. Its opinion [11]on abortion is nevertheless quite controversial.
Photo shot outside a church by Flickr user NeilsPhotography shared under a Creative Commons License [12]

Meanwhile, on the other side of the globe, the Portuguese blog Timor Lorosae Nação [13] published a short post [14] [pt], which acted as a powerful trigger for a long discussion about abortion issues:

The new Penal Code condemns abortion with a penalty that can reach eight years of prison. Sexual crimes have increased in the area. Are there repercussions?

There were more than 60 comments on this post, covering topics ranging from contraception to free will and freedom of choice, suicide and euthanasia, religion, family planning, rape, the world economy and distribution of wealth, justice, etc. However a comment [15] [pt] reduced the extent of issues to two types of vision: the woman’s and the child’s, playing with the meaning of the Portuguese word for foetus (feto) and its homonym in Tetum meaning “woman”.

Although the foetus is developing within the mother’s body, it is a body in itself – a different life in a relationship of symbiosis with the body of the mother in order to be developed.

Therefore, an abortion is not the removal of part of the mother’s body like a simple matter of amputation.
It would be the removal and termination pursuant to a separate human life, fragile and defenceless in a symbiotic relationship with the body of the mother.

It is not a simple matter of saying “it is my body and I can do whatever I want with my body” because in reality abortion is the imposition of the desire of a body on another.

Even though the most part of the comments were made by expats or non-Timorese netcitizens, the voice of a Timorese woman was raised among the others’:

I am Timorese! I am a Woman! I am Catholic and I am AGAINST abortion.
However, I believe that in some cases, the willingness of women should be respected, not the will of the church or priests who think they reign in Timor.

Is it correct to make a woman go to jail because she had an abortion, after being RAPED by SCUM? No! Think as if it was someone dear to you, a daughter, a sister, a mother etc … there may no longer vomit words in favour of this SHAMEFUL law! […]

Children, prostitution and abortion

Often related with the abortion debate, prostitution occurring in East Timor is apparently being ignored by the mainstream media. Back in 2005, Kirsty Gusmão [19], the wife of the then President Xanana Gusmão [20], stated in the Diario Tempo journal that “should the Timor-Leste government not take measures soon the current levels of prostitution will increase. Sooner or later, Dili will be full of prostitutes.”

East Timor Law Journal published on Morality, Religion and the Law – Abortion and Prostitution in East Timor [21] that:

The criminalisation of abortion and prostitution have been a factor in the infliction of great harm and suffering upon women and results in social dislocation, exposure to grave health and safety issues such as HIV/AIDS, drug use, and violence as well as life-threatening underground abortion clinics.

Three years later, Loro Horta [22] posts at Open Democracy – The curse of commodities [23] – linking “oil-fuelled growth with child prostitution in Timor-Leste”:

Near schools men wait in their cars for young girls to approach them. A young school girl relates her story, “we approach them and tell them we need a new pair of shoes to go to a party. We go with them and then do it and get our shoes”. Girls are reported to have sold their bodies for as little as $5. In the countryside local journalists have reported various cases of girls as young as 10 prostituting themselves for $1.

The blogosphere regrets [24] [pt] that prostitution has now evolved to lower ages and is occurring in the country:

How stupid. And what’s the imprisonment penalty for those who entice the underage to prostitution? Due to poverty many young people are selling themselves for a mobile phone and many adults with the power to spend are buying. If journalists start investigating they will catch many fish in the net. Just look at the history of phone calls to catch and bring to light those scum who are beating their chests in Mass every Sunday and outside on a daily basis abuse minors. (…)
The online debate eventually evolved to poetry trading on abortion issues (“Não soube do Mundo [26]“

“Didn’t know about the world” and unnamed. Ze da Labia wrote a poem named “Quero ser criança em Timor (“I want to be a child in Timor”) as a response to a comment asking for it:

I want to be a child in Timor
I want to be happy and feel loved
I want to drink milk
To have strong bones
I want to have a bed to sleep
Where there is a cushion
So that I can dream

I want to be a child in Timor
I want to have a pair of shoes
So that my feet
Grow healthy and clean
In order to walk to school
Without having to limp

I want to be a child in Timor
And have clothes not to go naked
I want to cover my body
From this burning heat
That burns my skin

I want to be a child in Timor, have a bike
Be able to buy a power scooter
Go from Dili to Bazartete
Not to be beaten with a stick
Eating well at Odete
Rice, soup or even omolete
Go for a walk on a truck
But off for rifle seven seven

But my mom already has eleven
I will sit and wait
I’ll bring water to the one’s who are thirsty
Go see the band and not play
See the ball jump and not kick
Break the bones only to wait
Because without calcium, it costs to heal
And so I must take
The big ones who can’t rule