These are appeals from judgments of the court of claims in respect of services alleged to have been rendered as clerks of district or circuit courts of the United States. In each case the accounts for services had been duly approved by the circuit or district court; certain items had been disallowed by the accounting officers of the Treasury Department; thereupon these suits were brought; and the court of claims made findings of fact and conclusions of law. In view of the action of the two courts and of our previous decisions, the points raised in argument do not seem to require particular discussion.

6

In No. 197 the judgment of the court of claims included, among other items, this: 'Administering oaths and affixing jurats to accounts of United States marshals, at 10 cents for each oath and 15 cents for each jurat, $91.20.'

7

By the act of February 22, 1875 (18 Stat. at L. 333, chap. 95, U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 648), clerks, marshals, and district attorneys are required to render their accounts, duly sworn to, for approval. We agree with counsel for the government that the making of the oath and attaching the same to the account is a part of the formality of presenting such accounts, without which they are not properly rendered. This item, therefore, should not have been allowed against the United States in favor of the clerk. United States v. Van Duzee, 140 U. S. 169, 35 L. ed. 399, 11 Sup. Ct. Rep. 758; United States v. Jones, 147 U. S. 672, 37 L. ed. 325, 13 Sup. Ct. Rep. 437; United States v. Allred, 155 U. S. 591, 39 L. ed. 273, 15 Sup. Ct. Rep. 231.

8

The judgment of the court of claims will be modified by the omission of this item, and, as so modified, affirmed.

9

In No. 198, the government objects to the allowance of certain charges for transcript of record on writ of error in criminal proceedings, by order of court, on behalf of an indigent defendant; for services in connection with affidavits of poverty; and for issuing subpoenas for grand and petit jurors. As to the transcript, the contention is that § 878 of the Revised Statutes (U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 668), providing for payment under order of court of fees and costs when defendant under indictment is without means, is exclusive, and does not cover the charge for this service. Here, again, we think the question has been settled, in effect, by what was said in United States v. Barber, 140 U. S. 164, 35 L. ed. 396, 11 Sup. Ct. Rep. 749; United States v. Van Duzee, 140 U. S. 169, 35 L. ed. 399, 11 Sup. Ct. Rep. 758; and United States v. Allred, 39 L. ed. 273, 15 Sup. Ct. Rep. 231. It was held that an order of the court requiring a service to be performed was sufficient authority as between the clerk and the government for the performance of the service and the allowance of the proper fee therefor.

10

Section 878 was originally enacted in 1846, and should not be held to operate as a prohibition to the extent contended. The indigent defendant ought not to be deprived of availing himself of his writ of error because of his poverty, and, when the court has ordered the transcript in the interest of justice, the clerk ought not to be deprived of compensation.

11

The same considerations dispose of the objection to the second item as to affidavits of defendants in criminal cases of inability to pay costs. And we agree with the court of claims in sustaining the charges for issuing subpoenas for grand and petit jurors by order of court, the charge for seals being rejected. The subject is well treated in Martin v. United States, 26 Ct. Cl. 160. The judgment will be affirmed.

12

In No. 199 counsel for United States assign error in the allowance of charges (1) for administering oaths, by order of court, to witnesses for defendants on trial in criminal cases; (2) for administering oaths to affidavits of poverty, and affixing jurats; (3) for filing and entering applications for process; (4) for filing and entering motions of indigent defendants for new trial; (5) and for services rendered an indigent defendant, by order of court, in prosecution of a writ of error in a capital case. We assume that all these items relate to indigent defendants, and considering §§ 828 and 878 of the Revised Statutes (U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, pp. 635, 668), the act of February 6, 1889 (25 Stat. at L. 655, chap. 113),1 our previous decisions, and what has just been said, we perceive no reason for declining to accept the conclusions of the court of claims.

13

No. 525 is a cross appeal from the judgment brought up in No. 199. We hold that the cross appeal lies in the circumstances, but agree with the disallowance by the court of claims of the items involved. Two of these items consisted of charges for certificates to copies of sci. fa., and to copies of orders of court for furnishing meals to jurors. No direction of court as to such certificates was shown. The other item was for administering oaths on the voir dire of grand and petit jurors and we do not think can be justified under the fourth clause of § 828. The judgment will be affirmed.