Vaclovas Grodeckis - Abraham Ortelius: "POLONIÆ finitimarumque locorum descriptio,” published initially in Antwerp, 19.5 x 14.5 inches / 38 x 50.5 cm., but later published in many different sizes, in 15 differently-colored versions. All are from "Theatrum Orbis Terrarum," first published in 1570.

1584 Caspar Henneberger - Abraham Ortelius: "PRVSSIÆ..." 18 x 14 inches, Antwerp, in three different versions, with two different cartouches, all from his "Theatrum Orbis Terrarum," and both showing the Memel/Klaipeda area of Lithuania. The maps are based on the work of, and credited to, Caspar Henneberger. See the versions dated 1593, 1606,1630, 1634, 1640, 1645, 1665, 1681, and 1690

Sebastian Munster: "Landtafel des Ungerlands / Polands / Reussen /Littaw / Walachen und Bulgaren," Basle, 14 x 10", in four versions from early editions of "Cosmographia," one of the most influential works of the 16th Century.

1593 Cornelis de Jode (son of Gerard): "PRVSSIÆ REGIONIS SARMATIÆ..." Antwerp, 18 x 14 inches, from Vol. 2 of his 1593 "Speculum Orbis Terrarum." The geography is based on Caspar Henneberger’s 1576 woodcut map of Prussia. A not-as-successful, but generally superior, contemporary of Ortelius, with Ortelius actively obstructing de Jode through his political connections. Both maps from www.raremaps.com

1593 Matthias Quad: "Prussiæ Descriptio." Published by Bussemacher, this 11.1 x 13.9 inch map appears to have been based on the Munster map to the left, but has more detail. This is a detail image, with the complete map at the upper left. From www.vintage-maps.com

1593 : Cornelius de Jode (engraver/publisher): "Poloniӕ Amplissimi Regni [Most noble Kingdom) ..Typvs Geographicvs," Antwerp, 15 x 19¼ inches, in three versions from the second edition of two of the de Jode atlas. This was a new map, completely revising the map of Poland of the 1578 edition. In addition to substantial cartographic changes, this edition added at lower left the portrait of King Sigismund the Third (1566-1632), ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 (noted on the map) to the year of his death. While highly regarded by scholars today, De Jode's atlas in which this map appeared was, commercially, no match for Ortelius's.

1589www.browncollection.com

www.orteliusmaps.com

1579Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences: elibrary.mab.lt/