Tribal chief

Description

Tribal societies with social stratification under a single (or dual) leader emerged in the Neolithic period out of earlier tribal structures with little stratification, and they remained prevalent throughout the Iron Age.

In the case of indigenous tribal societies existing within larger colonial and post-colonial states, tribal chiefs may represent their tribe or ethnicity in a form of self-government.

The most common types are the chairman of a council (usually of "elders") and/or a broader popular assembly in "parliamentary" cultures, the war chief (may be an alternative or additional post in war time), the hereditary chief and the politically dominant medicineman (in "theocratic" cultures).

The term is usually distinct from chiefs at still lower levels, such as village headman (geographically defined) or clan chief (an essentially genealogical notion), as the notion "tribal" rather requires an ethno-cultural identity (racial, linguistic, religious etc.) as well as some political (representative, legislative, executive and/or judicial) expression. In certain situations, and especially in a colonial context, the most powerful member of either a confederation or a federation of such tribal, clan or village chiefs would be referred to as a paramount chief. This term has largely fallen out of use, however, and such personages are now often called kings.

See also

Chieftain (tank)

The ChieftainFV4201 was the main battle tank of the United Kingdom during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. A development of the Centurion and therefore a continuation of the British cruiser series, sharing a substantial commonality of parts with both its predecessor and successor. It was the "most formidable main battle tank in the world" with, at the time of its introduction in 1966 the most powerful main gun and most effective armour of any tank yet made. The Chieftain also introduced a supine (reclining backwards) driver position, enabling a heavily sloped hull with reduced height. Faster than the Centurion, able to maintain its speed longer than the Leopard 1 and out-gunning its contemporaries, the Chieftain was also the first tank to enhance its (already superior) armour with composite armour add-ons, beginning with Chobham developed in the UK.

Development

The Chieftain was an evolutionary development of the successful cruiser line of tanks that had emerged at the end of the Second World War. British engineers had learned during the war that their tanks often lacked sufficient protection and firepower compared to those fielded by the enemy, and that this had led to high casualty levels when faced with the superior German tanks in World War II. The Centurion addressed this to a great degree, combining higher levels of armour and an improved gun, which made it at least equal to any of the contemporary medium tanks. However, the introduction of the Soviet IS-3heavy tank forced the introduction of their own Conqueror heavy tank, armed with a 120mm (4.7in) gun. A single design combining the firepower of the Conqueror's 120mm gun with the mobility and general usefulness of the Centurion would be ideal.

Plot: In God's Hands is the story of big wave riders that go all over the globe searching to ride bigger and bigger waves. The story mostly follows Shane Dorian and his obsession with surfing. It also follows how they train for waves like that.

Plot: Born in a tribe of fierce warrior women, Hundra has been raised to despise the influence of men. An archer, fighter and sword fighter, Hundra is superior to any male. Hundra finds her family slain and takes a vow of revenge until one day she meets her match.

Keywords: amazon, amazon-woman, attack, barbarian, bareback-riding, battle, battle-of-the-sexes, belching, blonde, broadswordGenres: Action,
Adventure,
Fantasy,
Taglines: A woman of beauty. A warrior of strength. A hunter of man. In An Age When All Women Were Slaves, She Would Call No Man Master! She Will Not Be Tamed A Woman who could not be tamed!

Plot: Born in a tribe of fierce warrior women, Hundra has been raised to despise the influence of men. An archer, fighter and sword fighter, Hundra is superior to any male. Hundra finds her family slain and takes a vow of revenge until one day she meets her match.

Keywords: amazon, amazon-woman, attack, barbarian, bareback-riding, battle, battle-of-the-sexes, belching, blonde, broadswordGenres: Action,
Adventure,
Fantasy,
Taglines: A woman of beauty. A warrior of strength. A hunter of man. In An Age When All Women Were Slaves, She Would Call No Man Master! She Will Not Be Tamed A Woman who could not be tamed!

Plot: Born in a tribe of fierce warrior women, Hundra has been raised to despise the influence of men. An archer, fighter and sword fighter, Hundra is superior to any male. Hundra finds her family slain and takes a vow of revenge until one day she meets her match.

Keywords: amazon, amazon-woman, attack, barbarian, bareback-riding, battle, battle-of-the-sexes, belching, blonde, broadswordGenres: Action,
Adventure,
Fantasy,
Taglines: A woman of beauty. A warrior of strength. A hunter of man. In An Age When All Women Were Slaves, She Would Call No Man Master! She Will Not Be Tamed A Woman who could not be tamed!

Plot: Born in a tribe of fierce warrior women, Hundra has been raised to despise the influence of men. An archer, fighter and sword fighter, Hundra is superior to any male. Hundra finds her family slain and takes a vow of revenge until one day she meets her match.

Keywords: amazon, amazon-woman, attack, barbarian, bareback-riding, battle, battle-of-the-sexes, belching, blonde, broadswordGenres: Action,
Adventure,
Fantasy,
Taglines: A woman of beauty. A warrior of strength. A hunter of man. In An Age When All Women Were Slaves, She Would Call No Man Master! She Will Not Be Tamed A Woman who could not be tamed!

Plot: Born in a tribe of fierce warrior women, Hundra has been raised to despise the influence of men. An archer, fighter and sword fighter, Hundra is superior to any male. Hundra finds her family slain and takes a vow of revenge until one day she meets her match.

Keywords: amazon, amazon-woman, attack, barbarian, bareback-riding, battle, battle-of-the-sexes, belching, blonde, broadswordGenres: Action,
Adventure,
Fantasy,
Taglines: A woman of beauty. A warrior of strength. A hunter of man. In An Age When All Women Were Slaves, She Would Call No Man Master! She Will Not Be Tamed A Woman who could not be tamed!

Tribal chief

Description

Tribal societies with social stratification under a single (or dual) leader emerged in the Neolithic period out of earlier tribal structures with little stratification, and they remained prevalent throughout the Iron Age.

In the case of indigenous tribal societies existing within larger colonial and post-colonial states, tribal chiefs may represent their tribe or ethnicity in a form of self-government.

The most common types are the chairman of a council (usually of "elders") and/or a broader popular assembly in "parliamentary" cultures, the war chief (may be an alternative or additional post in war time), the hereditary chief and the politically dominant medicineman (in "theocratic" cultures).

The term is usually distinct from chiefs at still lower levels, such as village headman (geographically defined) or clan chief (an essentially genealogical notion), as the notion "tribal" rather requires an ethno-cultural identity (racial, linguistic, religious etc.) as well as some political (representative, legislative, executive and/or judicial) expression. In certain situations, and especially in a colonial context, the most powerful member of either a confederation or a federation of such tribal, clan or village chiefs would be referred to as a paramount chief. This term has largely fallen out of use, however, and such personages are now often called kings.

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