Objective
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of cell phone use on semen parameters and on levels of fertility-related hormones.

Methods
The authors examined 2,110 consecutive men attending their infertility clinic from 1993 to 2007. Patients with a history of smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, systemic diseases, orchitis and varicocele were excluded. Semen analysis was performed according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Serum levels of free testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin were determined for all patients. The subjects were divided into two groups based on information about their cell phone use: cell phone users (n=991) and non-users (n=1119).

Results
There was no significant difference between the two groups in sperm count. However, sperm motility was significantly lower and the proportion of sperm with abnormal morphology was significantly higher in cell phone users than in non-users. Cell phone users had significantly higher serum levels of testosterone and lower levels of luteinizing hormone than non-users. Levels of follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin were similar in the two groups.

Interpretation and Conclusion
The authors discuss limitations of their study, such as absence of information on duration and intensity of cell phone use and on exposures other than electromagnetic waves. The authors conclude that their results suggest negative effects of mobile phone use on sperm quality and male fertility.