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India firms fear lingering economic aftershocks from cash crackdown

Consumer confidence has fallen sharply with households uncertain about their income, employment and spending capability, according to RBI's consumer confidence survey published earlier this month.

PHOTO: BLOOMBERG

[GHAZIABAD, India] Struggling with customers unable to pay on time and plummeting sales, Indian small-business owner Ravi Jain fears the government's crackdown on cash will have a much larger impact than predicted by top policymakers.

Jain's bath taps manufacturing firm Supreme, along with many other Indian businesses, has been shaken by New Delhi's shock decision last November to scrap 86 per cent of the cash in circulation. And it wasn't certain when things will get back to normal as much depends on a revival in consumer spending.

"Demonetisation has developed a psychology among customers to spend only on essential items," Mr Jain told Reuters from his factory on the outskirts of the Indian capital. "We expect the cash situation to become normal in a couple of months, but we don't know when this psychology will change." Asia's third-largest economy is tipped to slow down to a near three-year low in the October-December period, losing the title of the world's fastest-growing major economy to China.

The median estimate from a Reuters poll showed economists expect economic growth to slip to 6.4 per cent in the last quarter, lower than China's 6.8 per cent in the same period and slower than a 7.3 per cent annual expansion in the September quarter.

Chief economic adviser Arvind Subramanian last month said the official GDP figures may not fully reflect the "real and significant hardships" experienced by the informal sector, in which an estimated nine out of 10 Indian workers are employed.

But the pain, policymakers promised, will be short-lived.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has called the slowdown a transitory phenomenon and expects a sharp rebound in economic growth in the next fiscal year as cash conditions improve.

That confidence prompted the central bank to keep interest rates on hold this month and shift its monetary policy stance to"neutral" from "accommodative", signalling the end of the monetary-easing cycle.

To be sure, the cash situation is improving gradually.

Currency in circulation increased to 7.2 per cent of GDP in mid-February from 5.9 per cent in early January, the central bank data showed. But it was lower than the 12 per cent ratio before the cash crackdown began.

With the cash situation still not back to normal and weak consumer confidence, many economists predict the aftershocks of Modi's move will linger for months.

FALTERING CONFIDENCE

Consumer confidence has fallen sharply with households uncertain about their income, employment and spending capability, according to RBI's consumer confidence survey published earlier this month.

In rural India, the situation is no better. Sales of two- wheeler vehicles, a proxy for rural demand, fell for a third straight month in January.

Indian companies had hoped for a fiscal stimulus to revive consumer spending, but the federal budget this month belied those hopes.

With factories running nearly 30 per cent below capacity, companies were not ready for fresh investments until demand roars back to life.

"We have seen extreme volatility in the market," Mr Jain said about his company Supreme, whose sales have improved slightly since dropping as much as 50 per cent after Mr Modi's November announcement. "Once things stabilise ... we will think in terms of expansion. But it would be reasonable to assume that all this will take at least a year."