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The Monarchy of Spain holds the constitutional head of state, which has no executive role, other than appointing officials, requiring reports of official activities and representing Spain at formal and ceremonial occasions. The king is also the commander in chief of the Spanish Armed Forces in which capacity he suppressed the 23-F Spanish coup d'état attempt in February 1981.

The king, currently Felipe VI, has held this position since 19 June 2014. His predecessor, Juan Carlos I, abdicated the throne. This is a hereditary post. Daughters can inherit only if the monarch has no sons.

President of the Government, sometimes misleadingly called "the Spanish President", is the first minister and is elected by the Congress of Deputies. He informally but internationally and commonly referred to as the "Prime Minister". The current holder is Mariano Rajoy Brey, who was elected on December 21, 2011. He appoints a number of vice-presidents ordered numerically according to rank and responsible for their respective major ministries such as Finance, Foreign affairs, Domestic administration, etc.

This is the official logo of the Government of Spain: On the left are the European and the Spanish flags, in the center is the coat of arms of Spain and written in black – Gobierno de España (in English: Government of Spain) – and on the right side is the building that represents the official house of the Prime Minister of Spain, La Moncloa and where press conferences are given and the Council of Ministers meets. Below it is an instance of a variating use, combined for the purposes of the Ministry of Finance.