In the District of Columbia, where the school board has been called
the most expensive in the nation, the scrutiny has been particularly
intense.

According to a 1990 report, the 11-member board employed
approximately 35 staff members, including a full-time secretary and up
to three assistants for each board member. In addition to an office at
the central administrative building, each board member has a ward
office. Further, although membership on the board is considered a
part-time position, board members were paid $27,575 in 1990.

"The image that gets portrayed is of a board that seems to want to
do everything 'Cadillac-style,''' says Jim E. Ford, who analyzes the
budget of the Washington school board as the staff director of the city
council's committee on education.

"Sometimes the question arises: What are we getting for it?'' he
says.

R. David Hall, the board's president, argues that the board "has
done some considerable belt-tightening'' and has been reduced to asking
for private donations to cover some basic activities.

Members also struggle with "a pretty onerous workload,'' he
says.

$26,627 for Travel

Controversies over board spending have not been limited to big
cities, however.

In Louisiana, the St. Tammany Parish school board touched off a
furor recently when it sent all 15 members to conventions in distant
cities. Last year, all of the board members attended the National
School Boards Association's convention in San Francisco at a cost of
$26,627.

The issue of board expenditures "is something that should be
public,'' says Luvern L. Cunningham, an expert on school governance who
has consulted with school boards for 25 years. "It requires examination
on the part of the board periodically.''

Mr. Cunningham notes that the perquisites of most school boards have
been cut significantly in recent years. Recently, he says, they have
been asked to cut back on some items--such as training retreats--that
are "a very legitimate public expenditure.''

In Washington, a government advisory commission concluded that there
was significant fat in the board's budget. It recommended that the
board cut its staff by 50 percent, immediately close all ward offices,
and eliminate board members' salaries, effective this year.

Mr. Ford asserts that the board's annual budget is $1.8 million,
including a $165,000 fund that can be used to pay for travel, and
$132,000 in "discretionary funds'' that can be used for such activities
as constituent mailings.

Mr. Hall says the figures are wrong and reflect an unfamiliarity
with how the board's money was spent. The board, he says, has a total
budget of only $1.6 million, has "drastically'' reduced its staff, and
has cut its travel budget to $2,000 per member to be spent only on
specified conferences.

"Our budget was so tight that, when our [new] superintendent came,
we could not afford to give him a reception,'' Mr. Hall says. "What we
had to do was raise the money privately through the sale of tickets at
$12.50 each.''

'Staying in Touch' With Schools

The issue of the board members' personal staff members has been
particularly touchy.

While some people--such as Mr. Ford--say the staff aides do "very
valuable'' work analyzing budgets and subcommittee work for their
members, others have charged that staff members primarily spend their
time meddling in administration or politicking in their bosses'
wards.

The members of the Los Angeles Unified School District Board of
Education also have field employees. Richard K. Mason, the special
counsel to the board, says the field aides, who are paid about $40,000
a year, help board members stay in touch with the schools in their
wards, which may be long drives away from the central-board office.

Such a position proved to be a springboard to public office for Jeff
Horton, a former field employee who was elected to the school board in
1991.

But Julie Korenstein, another board member, recently opted not to
have a field aide, asserting that the money for the position was not
well spent. Instead, she had the money spent on programs in the schools
in her district.

Los Angeles board members are paid up to $24,000 a year, receive
full health and medical benefits, can spend up to $7,000 a year for
travel, and are given a district car, with expenses paid, for
work-related travel.

Until 1986, members of the Detroit Board of Education had six
chauffeurs to drive them to appointments and run errands. The practice
ended after state legislators balked at the $250,000 annual cost of the
perquisite.

While such frills may seem excessive--especially given the poverty
from which many urban students hail--Mr. Cunningham says it is
instructive to take a historical view of the situation.

Ten or 20 years ago, he points out, it was not unusual for members
of urban school boards to be given cars, drivers, their own offices and
secretaries, and sometimes even club memberships. The boards, all of
whose members typically were white, came under little scrutiny for
their spending, he says.

"When we shifted over to having African-Americans on boards,'' he
says, "there was a lot of criticism of perks'' and public pressure to
reduce them.

"It was not fair to criticize minorities for enjoying perquisites
that had been standard practice for whites over a number of years,''
Mr. Cunningham says. "There was obviously, among minority populations,
a sense of discrimination when these kinds of changes occurred.''

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