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Abstract

This invention provides a method for tracing the maximum power and a device for a solar energy generation system. The system includes at least a solar energy battery and a DC/AC converter, the method is that an output current of said DC/AC converter or a DC output voltage of said solar energy battery are adjusted to observe the DC output voltage or the output current variation generated by said DC output voltage of current then again to adjust said output current or DC voltage in the same direction with the variations and to repeat the above steps to reach the aim of tracing the maximum power point of said system.

Description

Translated from Chinese

太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪方法及装置 The maximum power of the photovoltaic system and apparatus for tracking method

技术领域 FIELD

本发明涉及一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪方法及装置，尤指一种使用电流型太阳能电池的太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪方法及装置。 The present invention relates to a solar power generation system of maximum power point tracking method and apparatus, particularly to a method and apparatus for tracking the maximum power of the solar power generation system using a solar cell current.

背景技术 Background technique

近年来由于工业的高度发展，不但使得地球上的石化能源快速枯竭，更造成全球环境的严重污染与变迁。 In recent years, due to the high development of industry, not only makes the fossil fuels on the planet fast depletion, pollution and more serious changes in the global environment.基于能源种类与来源多元化和永久性能源的观点而言，太阳能是除了石化燃料、水力及核能发电之外，最具潜力值得开发的新能源，如能够有效地利用太阳能，不但可以解决能源需求的问题，而且干净无污染的太阳能，更可以减少环境污染以及降低全球温室效应的恶劣情况。 Based on the type of energy sources and diversification of energy point of view and in terms of permanent, solar energy is in addition to fossil fuels, hydro and nuclear power generation, worthy of the most promising development of new energy sources, such as solar energy can be effectively used, can not only solve the energy needs problem, but clean and pollution-free solar energy, but also reduce environmental pollution and reduce the adverse global greenhouse effect.据估计未来二十年全世界太阳能的使用每年将以15％至35％的比率快速成长，因此其深具发展潜力。 It is estimated that over the next two decades worldwide use of solar energy will be 15-35% per year rate of rapid growth, its deep development potential.

太阳光电能利用的主要关键技术为太阳能电池技术与电力转换接口技术；而电力转换接口技术的关键技术为最大功率追踪技术与抗孤岛效应技术，其中最大功率追踪技术是目前业界投入较多心力亟待改善的重点技术。 Key technologies for the use of solar photovoltaic energy and solar power conversion technology interface technology; the key power conversion technology interface technology for maximum power point tracking technology and anti-islanding technology, where the maximum power tracking technology is the industry's urgent need to invest more effort focus on technology improvement.

在目前众多的最大功率追踪技术当中，最常被采用的则属“扰动观察法”，代表专利案则请参阅日本特许出愿公开番号“特开平8-44445号”及“特开平8-44446号”。 In the current number of maximum power tracking technology among the most commonly used is a "perturbation and observation method", on behalf of the patent case refer to Japanese Patent willing to open the designation "Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-44445" and "Laid-Open 8-44446 number".

在“特开平8-44445号”中，是指一种周期性地测量太阳能电池的输出电力、并以调整太阳能电池的直流输出电压，以增大太阳能电池的输出电力的最大功率追踪方法及装置。 In "Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-44445", the output power is refers to a cyclical measurement of the solar cell, and to adjust the DC output voltage of the solar cell, in order to increase the maximum power output power of the tracing method and apparatus of the solar cell .其技术特征在于通过调整太阳能电池的直流输出电压的同时，观察太阳能电池输出功率的变化方向；若是在调整太阳能电池的直流输出电压之后，太阳能电池的输出电力增大，则往同方向继续调整太阳能电池的直流输出电压；反之，若是太阳能电池的输出电力减小，则往反方向调整太阳能电池的直流输出电压；另外，若是太阳能电池的直流输出电压需往同一方向调整次数达到一默认值，则调整的电压差可愈来愈大；相反地，若是太阳能电池的直流输出电压在增加及减少的方向上的来回调整次数达到一默认值，则调整的电压差需愈来愈小。 Characterized by the technical and adjust the DC output voltage of the solar cell, the observation of changes in the direction of the solar cell output; if after adjusting the DC output voltage of the solar cell, the output power of the solar cell is increased, the same direction to continue to adjust the solar the DC output voltage of the battery; the other hand, if the output power of the solar cell is reduced, the adjustment in the opposite direction of the solar cell DC output voltage; Further, if the DC output voltage of the solar cell in the same direction for an adjustment of the number reaches a predetermined value, then the difference may be greater and greater the voltage regulator; round number of adjustments on the contrary, if the DC output voltage of the solar cell increases and decreases in a direction reaches a predetermined value, the adjusted voltage tolerance required getting smaller.

而在“特开平8-44446号”中，所叙述的最大功率追踪方法及装置则是为了补充“特开平8-44445号”里未提到的；也就是说，若是在调整太阳能电池的直流输出电压之后，太阳能电池的输出电力并没有任何变化，则太阳能电池的直流输出电压亦保持不变。 In "Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-44446", the maximum power point tracking method and apparatus is described to complement the "Laid-Open No. 8-44445" not mentioned in; that is, if the adjustment of the solar cell DC after the output voltage, output power of the solar cell, and no change in the DC output voltage of the solar cell also remain unchanged.

上述的两个日本专利完整地陈述了目前最常被使用的“扰动观察法”的技术特征，然而，这种最大功率追踪方法仍因必须计算太阳能发电系统的输出功率，造成电路配置复杂，成本无法降低，使得研究者一直亟思改善之法。 The above two Japanese Patent complete the current technical features stated "perturbation and observation method" is most commonly used, however, this method is still tracking the maximum power output must be calculated because solar power generation system, resulting in a complex circuit configuration, the cost can not be reduced, so researchers have been Jisi improve the law.

为了解决上述现有技术中出现的瓶颈，本发明提供了一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪方法及装置。 In order to solve the above-described bottleneck occurring prior art, the present invention provides a solar power generation system maximum tracking method and apparatus.以下为本发明的简要说明。 The following is a brief description of the invention.

发明内容 SUMMARY

本发明的主要目的为提出一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪方法及装置，其是通过改变直流/交流转换器的输出电流振幅、并观察太阳能电池直流输出电压的变化情形，以决定下一次的电流振幅的调整方向，且可同时应用于单转换器及双转换器的场合中，以达到追踪太阳能电池的输出最大功率的目的，而不必真正地去计算太阳能发电系统的输出功率。 The main object of the present invention is to provide a solar power generation system of maximum power point tracking method and apparatus, which is obtained by changing the amplitude of the output current of the DC / AC converter, and observe the changes in the case of DC output voltage of the solar cell, to determine the next current amplitude adjustment direction, and it may be applied to both single and dual converter converter occasions, for the purpose of tracking a maximum power output of the solar cell, without having to actually calculate the output power of the photovoltaic system.

根据本发明的主要构想，提出一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪方法，其中该太阳能发电系统至少包括一太阳能电池及一直流/交流转换器，该最大功率追踪方法包括下列步骤：调整该直流/交流转换器的一输出电流；观察该太阳能电池的一直流输出电压所产生的一直流输出电压变化量；与该直流输出电压变化量同方向地再次调整该输出电流；以及依序重复上述步骤。 According to the main idea of ​​the present invention, a method for tracking the maximum power of the solar power generation system, wherein the solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell and a DC / AC converter, the maximum power point tracking method comprising the steps of: adjusting the DC / a converter output AC current; observation of the solar cell a DC output voltage of a DC output voltage generated is the amount of change; adjusting the output current and the DC output voltage variation in the same direction again; and sequentially repeating the above steps.

根据本发明的另一构想，提出一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪方法，其中该太阳能发电系统至少包括一太阳能电池及一直流/交流转换器，该最大功率追踪方法包括下列步骤：(a)提供该直流/交流转换器的一输出电流初始值；(b)测量该太阳能电池根据该输出电流初始值所产生的一直流输出电压初始值；(c)提供该直流/交流转换器的一输出电流参考值，并使该太阳能发电系统于该输出电流参考值之下运作一时间间隔；(d)量测该太阳能电池根据该输出电流参考值所产生的一直流输出电压参考值；(e)比较该直流输出电压参考值相对于该直流输出电压初始值的一变化；(f)与该变化同方向地改变该输出电流参考值，并以改变后的该直流输出电压参考值取代该直流输出电压初始值；以及(g)重复步骤(c)～(f)。 According to another concept of the present invention, a method for tracking the maximum power of the solar power generation system, wherein the solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell and a DC / AC converter, the maximum power point tracking method comprising the steps of: (a) providing the DC / AC converter to an output current initial value; (b) measuring a DC output voltage of the initial value of the solar cell produced according to the output current initial value; (c) providing the DC / AC converter to an output current reference value, and the solar power system operating under a time interval in which output current reference value; (d) measuring a DC output voltage reference value of the solar cell produced according to the output current reference value; (e) comparing the DC output voltage reference value with respect to a change in the DC output voltage of the initial value; (f) with the change in change of the output current reference value in the same direction, and in that the DC output voltage reference value is changed in place of the DC output The initial voltage value; and (g) repeating steps (c) ~ (f).

根据本发明的再一构想，提出一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪装置，其中该太阳能发电系统至少包括一太阳能电池及一直流/交流转换器，且该太阳能电池及该直流/交流转换器分别产生一直流输出电压及一输出电流，该最大功率追踪装置包括：一数字处理器，电连接于该太阳能电池与该直流/交流转换器，该数字处理器是用以接收反馈的该直流输出电压与该输出电流，并根据该直流输出电压所产生的一直流输出电压变化量产生一控制信号；以及一脉宽调制驱动器，电连接于该直流/交流转换器与该数字处理器，该脉宽调制驱动器是根据该控制信号而产生一脉宽调制信号，使得该直流/交流转换器以与该直流输出电压变化量同方向地调整该输出电流。 According to a further idea of ​​the present invention to provide a solar power generation system of maximum power point tracking device, wherein the solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell and a DC / AC converter, and the solar cell and the DC / AC converter separately generating a DC output voltage and an output current, the MPPT apparatus comprising: a digital processor, electrically connected to the solar battery and the DC / AC converter, the digital processor is used for receiving the DC output voltage feedback and output current, and generates a control signal to the DC output voltage generated by the DC output voltage according to change amount; and a pulse width modulation driver electrically connected to the DC / AC converter with the digital processor, the width a modulation driver generates a pulse width modulation signal according to the control signal so that the DC / AC converter to the DC output voltage change amount in the same direction to adjust the output current.

根据上述构想所述的最大功率追踪装置更具有一储能电容，并联连接于该太阳能电池与该直流/交流转换器。 According to the maximum power of the vision tracking device further having a storage capacitor, connected in parallel to the solar battery and the DC / AC converter.

根据上述构想，其中该直流/交流转换器为一直流/交流逆变器。 According to the concept, wherein the DC / AC converter is a DC / AC inverter.

根据上述构想，其中该数字处理器包括：一电压检测单元，用以接收反馈的该太阳能发电系统所连接的配电系统的电压，以产生一电压检测信号；一锁相环路控制单元，用以接收该电压检测信号，以产生一锁相环路信号；一乘法器，用以将该锁相环路信号与反馈的该输出电流的一振幅相乘，以产生一输出电流参考信号；以及一比较器，用以将该输出电流参考信号与反馈的该输出电流相减，以产生该控制信号。 According to the concept, wherein the digital processor comprises: a voltage distribution system for the solar power system is connected to receive the feedback of a voltage detecting means, to generate a voltage detection signal; a PLL control unit for for receiving the voltage detection signal, a phase locked loop to generate a signal; an amplitude of a multiplier, the output current to the phase locked loop feedback signal is multiplied to generate an output current reference signal; a comparator for the output current reference signal and the feedback of the output current is subtracted, to generate the control signal.

根据本发明的再一构想，提出一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪装置，其中该太阳能发电系统至少包括一太阳能电池、一直流/直流转换器及一直流/交流转换器，且该太阳能电池、该直流/直流转换器及该直流/交流转换器分别产生一第一直流输出电压、一第二直流输出电压及一输出电流，该最大功率追踪装置包括：一数字处理器，电连接于该太阳能电池、该直流/直流转换器及该直流/交流转换器，该数字处理器是用以接收反馈的该第二直流输出电压与该输出电流，并根据该第二直流输出电压所产生的一直流输出电压变化量产生一控制信号；以及一脉宽调制驱动器，电连接于该直流/直流转换器、该直流/交流转换器及该数字处理器，该脉宽调制驱动器是根据该控制信号而产生一脉宽调制信号，使得该直流/直流转换器产生该第二直流输出电压及该直流/ According to a further idea of ​​the present invention to provide a solar power generation system of maximum power point tracking device, wherein the solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell, a DC / DC converter and a DC / AC converter, and the solar cell, the DC / DC converter and the DC / AC converter produces a DC output voltage are a first, a second DC output voltage and an output current, the MPPT apparatus comprising: a digital processor, electrically connected to the solar cells, the DC / DC converter and the DC / AC converter, the digital processor is used for receiving the fed back second DC output voltage and output current, and the generated according to the second DC output voltage has been the output voltage variation of the flow generating a control signal; and a pulse width modulation driver, is electrically connected to the DC / DC converter, the DC / AC converter and the digital processor, the PWM drive based on the control signal generating a pulse width modulated signal so that the DC / DC converter to generate the DC output voltage and the second DC /交流转换器以与该直流输出电压变化量同方向地调整该输出电流。 AC converter to the DC output voltage change amount in the same direction to adjust the output current.

根据上述构想，其中该直流/直流转换器为一升压转换器，用以接收该第一直流输出电压，并加以升压以产生该第二直流输出电压。 According to the concept, wherein the DC / DC converter is a boost converter for receiving the first DC output voltage, and boosting them to generate the second DC output voltage.

根据上述构想，其中该第二直流输出电压相对于该第一直流输出电压具有一固定比值。 According to the concept, wherein the second DC output voltage with respect to the first DC output voltage having a fixed ratio.

根据上述构想，其中该第二直流输出电压为一固定值。 According to the concept, wherein the second DC output voltage is a fixed value.

根据上述构想，其中该直流/交流转换器为一直流/交流逆变器。 According to the concept, wherein the DC / AC converter is a DC / AC inverter.

根据上述构想，还具有一第一储能电容及一第二储能电容，其中该第一储能电容并联连接于该太阳能电池与该直流/直流转换器，且该第二储能电容并联连接于该直流/直流转换器与该直流/交流转换器。 According to the idea, further comprising a first storage capacitor and a second storage capacitor, wherein the first energy storage capacitor is connected in parallel to the solar battery and the DC / DC converter, and the second storage capacitor is connected in parallel to the DC / DC converter and the DC / AC converter.

根据上述构想，其中该数字处理器包括：一电压检测单元，用以接收反馈的该太阳能发电系统所连接的配电系统的电压，以产生一电压检测信号；一锁相环路控制单元，用以接收该电压检测信号，以产生一锁相环路信号；一乘法器，用以将该锁相环路信号与反馈的该输出电流的一振幅相乘，以产生一输出电流参考信号；以及一第一比较器，用以将该输出电流参考信号与反馈的该输出电流相减，以产生该控制信号。 According to the concept, wherein the digital processor comprises: a voltage distribution system for the solar power system is connected to receive the feedback of a voltage detecting means, to generate a voltage detection signal; a PLL control unit for for receiving the voltage detection signal, a phase locked loop to generate a signal; an amplitude of a multiplier, the output current to the phase locked loop feedback signal is multiplied to generate an output current reference signal; a first comparator to compare the output current reference signal and the feedback of the output current is subtracted, to generate the control signal.

根据本发明的主要构想，提出一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪方法，其中该太阳能发电系统至少包括一太阳能电池及一直流/交流转换器，该最大功率追踪方法包括下列步骤：调整该太阳能电池的一直流输出电压；观察该直流/交流转换器的一输出电流所产生的一输出电流振幅变化量；与该输出电流变化量同方向地再次调整该直流输出电压；以及依序重复上述步骤。 According to the main idea of ​​the present invention, a method for tracking the maximum power of the solar power generation system, wherein the solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell and a DC / AC converter, the maximum power point tracking method comprising the steps of: adjusting the solar cell the DC output voltage; an output current amplitude observed change amount of the DC / AC converter output a generated current; re-adjusting the DC output voltage and output current of the amount of change in the same direction; and sequentially repeating the above steps.

根据本发明的另一构想，提出一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪方法，其中该太阳能发电系统至少包括一太阳能电池及一直流/交流转换器，该最大功率追踪方法包括下列步骤：(a)提供该太阳能电池的一直流输出电压初始值；(b)测量该直流/交流转换器根据该直流输出电压初始值所产生的一输出电流振幅初始值；(c)提供该太阳能电池的一直流输出电压参考值，并使该太阳能发电系统于该直流输出电压参考值之下运作一时间间隔；(d)量测该直流/交流转换器根据该直流输出电压参考值所产生的一输出电流振幅参考值；(e)比较该输出电流参考值相对于该输出电流振幅初始值的一变化；(f)与该变化同方向地改变该直流输出电压参考值，并以改变后的该输出电流振幅参考值取代该输出电流振幅初始值；以及(g)重复步骤(c)～(f)。 According to another concept of the present invention, a method for tracking the maximum power of the solar power generation system, wherein the solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell and a DC / AC converter, the maximum power point tracking method comprising the steps of: (a) providing the solar cell of a DC output voltage of the initial value; (b) measuring an output current amplitude of the initial value of the DC / AC converter is generated based on the DC output voltage of the initial value; (c) providing the solar cell DC output voltage reference value, and the solar power system operating under the DC output voltage to a reference value for a time interval; (d) measuring the DC / AC amplitude reference an output current produced by the converter DC output voltage based on the reference value value; (e) comparing the output current reference value with respect to a change of the output current amplitude of the initial value; (f) varying the dc output voltage reference value and the change in the same direction, and in that the output of the changed current amplitude reference substituted amplitude value of the output current initial value; and (g) repeating steps (c) ~ (f).

根据本发明的再一构想，提出一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪装置，其中该太阳能发电系统至少包括一太阳能电池及一直流/交流转换器，且该太阳能电池及该直流/交流转换器分别产生一直流输出电压及一输出电流，该最大功率追踪装置包括：一数字处理器，电连接于该太阳能电池与该直流/交流转换器，该数字处理器用以接收反馈的该直流输出电压与该输出电流，并根据该输出电流所产生的一输出电流振幅变化量产生一控制信号；以及一脉宽调制驱动器，电连接于该直流/交流转换器与该数字处理器，该脉宽调制驱动器是根据该控制信号而产生一脉宽调制信号，使得该太阳能电池以与该输出电流振幅变化量同方向地调整该直流输出电压。 According to a further idea of ​​the present invention to provide a solar power generation system of maximum power point tracking device, wherein the solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell and a DC / AC converter, and the solar cell and the DC / AC converter separately generating a DC output voltage and an output current, the MPPT apparatus comprising: a digital processor, electrically connected to the solar battery and the DC / AC converter, the digital processor configured to receive feedback of the DC output voltage of the output current, and generates a control signal in accordance with a variation of the output current amplitude of the generated current output; and a pulse width modulation driver electrically connected to the DC / AC converter with the digital processor, the PWM drive is generating a pulse width modulation signal according to the control signal, so that the solar cell output voltage and the output current adjusting the DC amplitude change amount in the same direction.

根据上述构想所述的最大功率追踪装置，更具有一储能电容，并联连接于该太阳能电池与该直流/交流转换器。 According to the maximum power of the vision tracking device, having a further storage capacitor, connected in parallel to the solar battery and the DC / AC converter.

根据上述构想，其中该直流/交流转换器为一直流/交流逆变器。 According to the concept, wherein the DC / AC converter is a DC / AC inverter.

根据上述构想，其中该数字处理器包括：一电压检测单元，用以接收反馈的该太阳能发电系统所连接的配电系统的电压，以产生一电压检测信号；一锁相环路控制单元，用以接收该电压检测信号，以产生一锁相环路信号；一第一比较器，用以将反馈的该直流输出电压与一设定电压相减，以产生一直流输出电压误差信号；一比例积分控制器，用以接收该直流输出电压误差信号，以产生一输出电流振幅信号；一乘法器，用以将该锁相环路信号与该输出电流振幅信号相乘，以产生一输出电流参考信号；以及一比较器，用以将该输出电流参考信号与反馈的该输出电流相减，以产生该控制信号。 According to the concept, wherein the digital processor comprises: a voltage distribution system for the solar power system is connected to receive the feedback of a voltage detecting means, to generate a voltage detection signal; a PLL control unit for for receiving the voltage detection signal, a phase locked loop to generate a signal; a first comparator for the DC output voltage and a feedback voltage is set by subtracting, to produce a DC output voltage error signal; a proportional integral controller, for receiving the DC output voltage error signal to generate an output current amplitude signal; a multiplier for multiplying the phase locked loop and the output signal amplitude of the current signal to generate an output current reference signal; and a comparator to compare the output current reference signal and the feedback of the output current is subtracted, to generate the control signal.

根据本发明的再一构想，提出一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪装置，其中该太阳能发电系统至少包括一太阳能电池、一直流/直流转换器及一直流/交流转换器，且该太阳能电池、该直流/直流转换器及该直流/交流转换器分别产生一第一直流输出电压、一第二直流输出电压及一输出电流，该最大功率追踪装置包括：一数字处理器，电连接于该太阳能电池、该直流/直流转换器及该直流/交流转换器，该数字处理器用以接收反馈的该第二直流输出电压与该输出电流，并根据该输出电流所产生的一输出电流振幅变化量产生一控制信号；以及一脉宽调制驱动器，电连接于该直流/直流转换器、该直流/交流转换器及该数字处理器，该脉宽调制驱动器根据该控制信号而产生一脉宽调制信号，使得该直流/直流转换器产生该第二直流输出电压及该太阳能电池以与该 According to a further idea of ​​the present invention to provide a solar power generation system of maximum power point tracking device, wherein the solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell, a DC / DC converter and a DC / AC converter, and the solar cell, the DC / DC converter and the DC / AC converter produces a DC output voltage are a first, a second DC output voltage and an output current, the MPPT apparatus comprising: a digital processor, electrically connected to the solar cells, the DC / DC converter and the DC / AC converter, the digital processor for receiving the fed back second DC output voltage and the output current, and the amplitude change amount of the output current of an output current generated generating a control signal; and a pulse width modulation driver, is electrically connected to the DC / DC converter, the DC / AC converter and the digital processor, the pulse width modulation driver generates a pulse width modulation signal according to the control signal , so that the DC / DC converter to generate the second DC output voltage of the solar cell and to the出电流振幅变化量同方向地调整该第一直流输出电压。 Adjusting the current amplitude change amount of the first DC output voltage in the same direction.

根据上述构想，其中该直流/直流转换器为一升压转换器，用以接收该第一直流输出电压，并加以升压以产生该第二直流输出电压。 According to the concept, wherein the DC / DC converter is a boost converter for receiving the first DC output voltage, and boosting them to generate the second DC output voltage.

根据上述构想，其中该第二直流输出电压相对于该第一直流输出电压具有一固定比值。 According to the concept, wherein the second DC output voltage with respect to the first DC output voltage having a fixed ratio.

根据上述构想，其中该第二直流输出电压为一固定值。 According to the concept, wherein the second DC output voltage is a fixed value.

根据上述构想，其中该直流/交流转换器为一直流/交流逆变器。 According to the concept, wherein the DC / AC converter is a DC / AC inverter.

根据上述构想，更具有一第一储能电容及一第二储能电容，其中该第一储能电容并联连接于该太阳能电池与该直流/直流转换器的连接处，且该第二储能电容并联连接于该直流/直流转换器与该直流/交流转换器。 According to the idea, it has a first storage capacitor and a second storage capacitor, wherein the first storage capacitor connected in parallel connection of the solar cell with the DC / DC converter and the second energy storage capacitor connected in parallel to the DC / DC converter and the DC / AC converter.

根据上述构想，其中该数字处理器包括：一电压检测单元，用以接收反馈的该太阳能发电系统所连接的配电系统的电压，以产生一电压检测信号；一锁相环路控制单元，用以接收该电压检测信号，以产生一锁相环路信号；一第一比较器，用以将反馈的该直流输出电压与一设定电压相减，以产生一直流输出电压误差信号；一比例积分控制器，用以接收该直流输出电压误差信号，以产生一输出电流振幅信号；一乘法器，用以将该锁相环路信号与该输出电流振幅信号相乘，以产生一输出电流参考信号；以及一比较器，用以将该输出电流参考信号与反馈的该输出电流相减，以产生该控制信号。 According to the concept, wherein the digital processor comprises: a voltage distribution system for the solar power system is connected to receive the feedback of a voltage detecting means, to generate a voltage detection signal; a PLL control unit for for receiving the voltage detection signal, a phase locked loop to generate a signal; a first comparator for the DC output voltage and a feedback voltage is set by subtracting, to produce a DC output voltage error signal; a proportional integral controller, for receiving the DC output voltage error signal to generate an output current amplitude signal; a multiplier for multiplying the phase locked loop and the output signal amplitude of the current signal to generate an output current reference signal; and a comparator to compare the output current reference signal and the feedback of the output current is subtracted, to generate the control signal.

附图说明 BRIEF DESCRIPTION

图1为本发明一较佳实施例的太阳能发电系统方框图；图2A为本发明最大功率追踪方法的流程图(根据太阳能电池直流输出电压的变化调整逆变器输出电流)；图2B为本发明最大功率追踪方法的流程图(根据逆变器输出电流的变化调整太阳能电池直流输出电压)；图3为本发明最大功率追踪方法运用在单转换器架构的太阳能发电系统示意图； Figure 1 is a block diagram of a solar power generation system of the preferred embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2B of the present invention; FIG. 2A (DC output voltage variation of the solar cell is adjusted according to the inverter output current) of the flowchart of the maximum power tracking method of the present invention a flowchart of the maximum power tracking method (in accordance with the inverter output current is changed to adjust the DC output voltage of the solar cell); FIG. 3 a schematic diagram of a maximum power tracking method using a solar power generation system in a single-conversion architecture of the present invention;

图4A为图3的数字处理器运作方框图(根据太阳能电池直流输出电压的变化调整逆变器输出电流)；图4B为图3的数字处理器运作方框图(根据逆变器输出电流的变化调整太阳能电池直流输出电压)；图5为本发明最大功率追踪方法运用在双转换器架构的太阳能发电系统示意图；图6为图5的直流/直流转换器电路图；以及图7为固定直流输出电压的控制方框图。 FIG 4A is a block diagram of the operation of the digital processor 3 (to adjust the inverter output current depending on the DC output voltage of the solar cell); FIG. 4B is a block diagram of the operation of the digital processor of FIG. 3 (a solar adjusted according to a change of the inverter output current DC output voltage of the battery); FIG. 5 MPPT method in double conversion architecture schematic of a photovoltaic system of the present invention; FIG. 5 FIG. 6 is a DC / DC converter circuit diagram; FIG. 7 is a control and a fixed DC output voltage block diagram.

请参阅图1，其为本发明一较佳实施例的太阳能发电系统方框图，其中，太阳能发电系统1是由太阳能电池10、直流/交流转换器11以及最大功率追踪装置12所构成，用以将太阳的光能转换成回送配电系统13的交流电能。 Please refer to FIG. 1, a block diagram of embodiments of the present solar power generation system of a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the solar power generation system 1 is composed of a solar cell 10, a DC / AC converter 11 and the maximum power point tracking apparatus 12 configured for the sun's light energy into AC power back to the power transmission and distribution system 13.而本发明所提出的最大功率追踪装置12的技术特点与传统装置的运作方法最大的不同即在于，不需实际计算太阳能发电系统1的输出功率，而仅需调整直流/交流转换器11的输出电流的振幅，即可达到最大功率追踪的目的，其基本原理说明如下：在此假设配电系统13的电压为vs(t)＝Vpsin(ωt) (1)因为直流/交流转换器11的输出电流亦为一正弦波、且与配电系统13的电压同相位，所以直流/交流转换器11的输出电流可表示为iinv(t)＝Iinvsin(ωt) (2)因此直流/交流转换器11的输出实功率可表示为Pinv(t)＝(1/2)(VpIinv) (3)另外，太阳能电池10的输出功率可表示为Psolar＝Vsolar(t)Isolar(t) (4)假设直流/交流转换器11并无功率损耗，意即(3)式等于(4)式，故Psolar＝Pinv(t)＝Vsolar(t)Isolar(t)＝(1/2)(VpIinv) (5)首先，由于太阳能电池10的输出电流Isolar(t)是随日光照度及温度而改 The present invention is the proposed method of operation of tracking the maximum power and the technical characteristics of the conventional apparatus 12 means that the maximum difference i.e., without actually calculating the output power of the solar power generating system, and only adjusting the output DC / AC converter 11 the amplitude of the current, to achieve maximum power tracking, basic principle as follows: the voltage distribution system 13 is assumed to vs (t) = Vpsin (ωt) (1) since the output of the DC / AC converter 11 is also a sine wave current, and the voltage-phase power distribution system 13, the DC / AC converter output current 11 can be expressed as iinv (t) = Iinvsin (ωt) (2) and therefore the DC / AC converter 11 the output of real power can be expressed as Pinv (t) = (1/2) (VpIinv) (3) Further, the output power of the solar cell 10 can be expressed as Psolar = Vsolar (t) (4) assuming the DC Isolar (t) / AC converter 11 has no power loss, which means (3) is equal to (4), so Psolar = Pinv (t) = Vsolar (t) Isolar (t) = (1/2) (VpIinv) (5) first Since the solar cell output current Isolar (t) 10 is a daylight illumination and with the temperature change，因此无法控制；再者，配电系统13的电压振幅Vp因变化不大、且其本身亦无法控制，因此于特定时间下可将其视为一常数。 And therefore can not be controlled; Furthermore, the power distribution system due to the voltage amplitude Vp 13 little change, and as such will not be able to control, at a specific time can thus be regarded as a constant.由此可知，太阳能发电系统1的输出功率Psolar可以说完全正比于直流/交流转换器11的输出电流振幅Iinv。 It can be seen, the output power of the photovoltaic system can be said Psolar 1 is proportional to the DC / AC converter output current Iinv 11 of amplitude.而本发明的最大功率追踪方法的技术原理即为通过改变直流/交流转换器11的输出电流振幅Iinv、并观察太阳能电池10的直流输出电压Vsolar(t)的变化情形，以决定下一次的直流/交流转换器11的输出电流振幅Iinv的调整方向，而不必真正地去计算太阳能发电系统1的输出功率。 The technical principles of maximum power tracking method of the present invention is the primary DC changing the DC / AC converter output current Iinv 11 of the amplitude, and the DC output voltage of the solar cell was observed Vsolar (t) of the case 10 changes, to determine the next by / AC converter 11 to adjust the direction of the amplitude of the output current Iinv, without having to actually calculate the output power of the solar power generating system.举例来说，若直流/交流转换器11的输出电流振幅Iinv调大时，太阳能电池10的直流输出电压Vsolar(t)上升，则表示直流/交流转换器11的输出电流振幅Iinv可以继续调大；相反地，若是直流/交流转换器11的输出电流振幅Iinv调大之后，太阳能电池10的直流输出电压Vsolar(t)却下降，则需反向地调降直流/交流转换器11的输出电流振幅Iinv，最后会在最大功率点处来回振荡。 For example, if the DC / AC converter output current Iinv 11 to transfer large amplitude, the DC output voltage of the solar cell Vsolar (t) 10 is increased, it indicates that the DC / AC converter output current amplitude Iinv 11 can continue to transfer large ; conversely, if, after the DC / AC converter output current Iinv is 11 to transfer large amplitude, the DC output voltage of the solar cell Vsolar (t) 10 has decreased, the need to cut the reverse DC / AC converter output current 11 amplitude Iinv, finally oscillates back and forth at the maximum power point.

请参阅图2A，其为本发明最大功率追踪方法的流程图，通过该图可将本发明图1的发明概念以较为实际的方式加以说明。 Refer to Figure 2A, a flowchart of the maximum power tracking method thereof of the present invention, the inventive concept of the present invention of FIG. 1 may be illustrated by the drawing in a more realistic manner.在图2A中，首先设定直流/交流转换器的输出电流初始值的振幅(将其以K表示)，并且反馈在此K值下太阳能电池的直流输出电压初始值(将其以Vsolar-old表示)，接着再增加直流/交流转换器的输出电流振幅以提供一新的输出电流振幅参考值(即K值增加)，使得太阳能发电系统在此新的K值之下延迟运作一段时间间隔，并于系统稳定后再次读取太阳能电池的直流输出电压(将其以Vsolar-new表示)，此时便由Vsolar-old和直流输出电压Vsolar-new的比较结果以决定K值的变化方向；若Vsolar-new＞Vsolar-old则增加K值，反之若Vsolar-new＜Vsolar-old则减少K值。 In FIG. 2A, first sets the DC / initial value of the amplitude of the output AC current of the converter (which is represented by K), and the initial value of the feedback the DC output voltage of the solar cell in this K value (which is the Vsolar-old shown), followed by increase of the output current amplitude of the AC / DC converter to provide a new value of output current amplitude reference (i.e. increasing K value), so that the solar power system under the new K value of the delay of the operating time interval, and after the system is stable again reads the solar cell DC output voltage (which is expressed in Vsolar-new), this case will result obtained by the comparison and Vsolar-old Vsolar-new DC output voltage to decide the direction of change of the value of K; if Vsolar-new> Vsolar-old value of K is increased, whereas if Vsolar-new <Vsolar-old K value is decreased.而在决定了新的K值之后，便以直流输出电压Vsolar-new取代Vsolar-old，再用同样的方式进行下一次的取样及比较。 After determining the new value of K, then the DC output voltage Vsolar-new substituted Vsolar-old, then the same manner as for the next sampling and comparison.

另外，本发明的最大功率追踪方法在图2A中的表现，亦不限于需在设定直流/交流转换器的输出电流初始值(K值)，并且反馈在此K值下太阳能电池的直流输出电压后，必须“增加”直流/交流转换器的输出电流振幅(即K值增加)；意即，亦可以“减少”直流/交流转换器的输出电流振幅以提供该输出电流振幅参考值(即K值增加方框可以K值减少方框取代)，重点是后续仍同样是以比较直流输出电压Vsolar-new相对于Vsolar-old变化之后、再同方向地改变输出电流参考值K。 Further, the maximum power tracking method of the present invention show in FIG. 2A, nor limited to a DC output required to set the DC / AC converter output current initial value (K value) and the feedback value in this solar cell K after the voltage to be "increased" DC / AC converter output current amplitude (i.e. increasing K value); meaning also be "reduced" DC / AC converter to provide an output current amplitude of the output current amplitude reference value (i.e. K value increases the value of K may be reduced block substitution block), the focus is still the same after a subsequent comparison is Vsolar-new DC output voltage with respect to changes Vsolar-old, and then change the output current reference value in the same direction K.

同时，相对于图2A根据太阳能电池直流输出电压的变化调整直流/交流转换器的输出电流振幅，本发明的最大功率追踪方法亦可以根据直流/交流转换器的输出电流振幅的变化调整太阳能电池直流输出电压的方式运作，如图2B的流程图所示。 Meanwhile, FIG. 2A variation solar cell DC output voltage to adjust the output current amplitude of the DC / AC converter according to maximum power point tracking method of the present invention also can adjust the solar cell current in accordance with variation in the output current amplitude of the DC / AC converter with respect to mode of operation of the output voltage, the flowchart shown in FIG. 2B.由于传统太阳能的最大功率追踪技术大多只求太阳能电池的最大功率，却不考虑电能转换器的功率损耗，然而利用本发明的最大功率追踪技术，却可以追踪整体的太阳能电源系统、也就是同时包含电能转换器和太阳能电池的最大功率，亦即将电能转换器的功率损耗考虑在内。 Since the maximum power of the conventional solar tracking technology is mostly just the maximum power of the solar cell, without considering the power loss of the power converter, however, the present invention is the use of a maximum power tracking techniques, it can track the entire solar power systems, i.e. contain both power converter and a maximum power of the solar cell, i.e. the power converter power losses into account.如图2B所示，为了决定太阳能电池的工作电压，需先在一开始预设太阳能电池端电压的初始值，并且反馈在此初始值下数字处理器的中所具有的一比例积分控制器的一输出电流振幅初始值(将其以PI-old表示)，接着再增加太阳能电池的直流输出电压设定，使得太阳能发电系统在此直流输出电压设定之下延迟运作一段时间间隔，并于系统稳定后再次读取该比例积分控制器的一输出电流振幅信号(将其以PI-new表示)，此时便由PI-old和PI-new的比较结果以决定太阳能电池端电压设定的变化方向；若PI-new≥PI-old则增加太阳能电池的直流输出电压设定，反之若PI-new＜PI-old则减少太阳能电池的直流输出电压设定。 2B, in order to determine the operating voltage of the solar cell, the need to start at a predetermined initial value of the terminal voltage of the solar cell, and the feedback in this initial value of the digital processor has a proportional-integral controller an output current amplitude of the initial value (which is indicative of PI-old), followed by increasing the DC output voltage of the solar cell is set, so that the solar power generation system in the DC output voltage is set below this delay interval period of operation, and the system reads the proportional-integral controller again after a stabilized output current amplitude signal (which is represented by PI-new), then a PI-old case and PI-new comparison results to determine the change in the terminal voltage of the solar cell is set direction; PI-new≥PI-old if the increased voltage DC output of the solar cell is set, whereas if the PI-new <PI-old reduce the DC output voltage of the solar cell is set.而在决定了新的太阳能电池的直流输出电压设定之后，便以PI-new取代PI-old，再用同样的方式进行下一次的取样及比较。 After the decision of the new DC output voltage of the solar cell is set, then the PI-new substituted PI-old, then the same manner as for the next sampling and comparison.

值得一提的是，本发明的最大功率追踪方法表现于实际电路操作时，皆可运用于单转换器以及双转换器的架构下，现分别说明如下：(1)单转换器架构请参阅图3，其为本发明最大功率追踪方法运用在单转换器架构的太阳能发电系统示意图，图中太阳能发电系统3是由太阳能电池30、直流/交流逆变器31、数字处理器32、脉宽调制驱动器33以及储能电容34所构成。 It is worth mentioning that the maximum power point tracking method of the present invention exhibits at the actual operation of the circuit, can be applied to the converter and a single double converter architecture, respectively, are as follows: (1) single-conversion architecture, please refer to FIG. 3, maximum power tracking method of the present invention is applied in a single schematic converter architecture solar power generation system, a solar power generation system in FIG. 3 is a solar cell 30, a DC / AC inverter 31, a digital processor 32, a pulse width modulation driver 33 and a storage capacitor 34 constituted.其中，太阳能电池30的输出直流电能是经由储能电容34以及直流/交流逆变器31转换成交流电能，以送回配电系统端35。 Wherein the DC output of the solar cell 30 is converted into AC power energy storage capacitor 34 and a DC / AC inverter 31 via the power distribution system to back end 35.

如图3所示，为了实行本发明所述的最大功率追踪方法，需反馈太阳能电池30的直流输出电压Vsolar(t)、配电系统电压Vs(t)以及直流/交流逆变器31的输出电流Iinv(t)至数字处理器32，而数字处理器32则可驱动脉宽调制驱动器33使其发出脉宽调制信号，藉以控制直流/交流逆变器31并使其产生不同的逆变器输出电流振幅Iinv，而数字处理器32再根据因为不同的逆变器输出电流振幅Iinv所产生的前后不同的太阳能电池30的直流输出电压Vsolar(t)作一比较，以决定逆变器输出电流振幅Iinv的调整方向，达成追踪太阳能电池30的最大功率的目的。 Output 3, in order to implement the maximum power tracking method of the present invention, the feedback required DC output voltage of the solar cell Vsolar (t) 30, the power distribution system voltage Vs (t) and a DC / AC inverter 31 current Iinv (t) to a digital processor 32, the digital processor 32 may drive a pulse width modulation driver 33 to emit a pulse width modulation signal, thereby controlling the DC / AC inverter 31 and the inverter to produce different Iinv output current amplitude, and a digital processor 32 then make a before and after comparison of the different because of the different amplitudes of the inverter output current Iinv generated DC output voltage of the solar cell Vsolar (t) 30, the inverter output current to determine the Iinv amplitude adjustment direction, and to achieve the purpose of tracking the maximum power of the solar cell 30.

另外，图3中的数字处理器32的实施方式也可以用图4A的架构为例作说明(根据太阳能电池直流输出电压的变化调整逆变器输出电流)。 Further, in FIG. 3 embodiment the digital processor 32 may also be used as an example for illustration of the architecture of FIG. 4A (to adjust the inverter output current according to a change in the DC output voltage of the solar cell).在图4A中，配电系统端的反馈电压先经电压检测单元40检出后，产生一电压检测信号，复经锁相环路控制单元41产生与配电系统电压同相位且为弦波的一锁相环路信号，再将此锁相环路信号与设定的逆变器输出电流的振幅K利用乘法器42加以相乘之后，得到一逆变器输出电流参考信号，将此逆变器输出电流参考信号与反馈的逆变器输出电流利用比较器43相减之后产生一控制信号，将此控制信号送到驱动器44，以产生直流/交流逆变器的开关所需的脉宽调制(PWM)信号。 In FIG. 4A, the feedback voltage distribution system 40 after the end of the first detecting voltage detecting unit generating a detection voltage signal, via the multiplexing unit 41 generates PLL control and distribution system voltage and phase of a sine wave after the phase locked loop signal, then the amplitude of this output current K to be multiplied by the multiplier 42 and the phase locked loop set signal inverter, the inverter output current to obtain a reference signal, this inverter after generating the output current reference signal and the feedback inverter output current by the comparator 43 a subtraction control signal, this control signal to the driver 44 to generate a DC / AC inverter is required to switch the pulse width modulation ( PWM) signal.

另外，相应于图2B的根据逆变器输出电流的变化调整太阳能电池直流输出电压设定的方式运作的最大功率追踪方法，其数字处理器32的实施方式则须以图4B的架构来作说明。 Further, FIG. 2B corresponding to the variation of the output current of the inverter power tracking method of adjusting the maximum DC output voltage of the solar cell is set according to the operation mode, the digital processor 32 of the embodiment of FIG. 4B with a scheme shall be described as .在图4B中，配电系统端的反馈电压先经电压检测单元40检出后，产生一电压检测信号，复经锁相环路控制单元41产生与配电系统电压同相位且为弦波的一锁相环路信号。 In Figure 4B, the feedback voltage distribution system 40 after the end of the first detecting voltage detecting unit generating a detection voltage signal, via the multiplexing unit 41 generates PLL control and distribution system voltage and phase of a sine wave phase-locked loop signal.另外，将太阳能电池的直流输出电压与其一设定电压利用比较器45相减后可得一直流输出电压误差信号，再将此直流输出电压误差信号利用比例积分控制器46处理得一输出电流振幅信号。 Further, the DC output voltage of the solar cell therewith a setting voltage can be obtained by the comparator output DC voltage error signal 45 after the subtraction, then this DC output voltage error signal using a proportional-integral controller 46 to obtain a processed output current amplitude signal.最后将前述的锁相环路信号与此输出电流振幅信号利用乘法器42加以相乘之后，得到一逆变器输出电流参考信号，将此逆变器输出电流参考信号与反馈的逆变器输出电流利用比较器43相减之后产生一控制信号，将此控制信号送到驱动器44，以产生直流/交流逆变器的开关所需的脉宽调制(PWM)信号。 After the last of the PLL with this signal current amplitude signal output by the multiplier 42 to be multiplied by the output of an inverter current reference signal, an inverter output of this inverter output current reference signal and feedback generating a current by the comparator 43 after a subtraction control signal, this control signal to the driver 44 to produce the required DC / AC inverter switching pulse width modulation (PWM) signal.

在图4B中理论上经闭回路控制的电流控制模式可以使逆变器输出电流趋于该逆变器输出电流参考信号，而比例积分控制器46的输出为该逆变器输出电流参考信号的振幅，因此该逆变器输出电流的振幅亦趋于比例积分控制器46的输出，因此，图2B的最大功率追踪流程图中以比例积分控制器46的输出作为逆变器输出电流的振幅，可以避免逆变器输出电流振幅的复杂计算。 In FIG. 4B theoretically amenorrhea current control mode loop control of the inverter output current can become the inverter output current reference signal, the output of PI controller 46 for the inverter output current reference signal amplitude, the amplitude of the output current of the inverter output have become more proportional-integral controller 46, therefore, the maximum power of the flowchart of FIG. 2B to output trace amplitudes proportional-integral controller 46, an inverter output current, avoid complex calculations inverter output current amplitude.

(2)双转换器架构请参阅图5，其为本发明最大功率追踪方法运用在双转换器架构的太阳能发电系统示意图，图中太阳能发电系统5是由太阳能电池50、直流/直流转换器51、直流/交流逆变器52、数字处理器53、脉宽调制驱动器54以及二个储能电容55及56所构成。 (2) double conversion architecture, please refer to FIG. 5, which is present in the maximum power point tracking method of the invention using a double conversion architecture solar power system diagram, FIG. 5 is a solar power generation system by the solar cell 50, a DC / DC converter 51 DC / AC inverter 52, a digital processor 53, a pulse width modulation driver 54, and 55 and the two storage capacitor 56 constituted.和单转换器架构不同的是，太阳能电池50的输出直流电能是先经由直流/直流转换器51提升到能与配电系统57电压相匹配的电位，再经直流/交流逆变器52转换成交流电能后送回配电系统端57；通过前级直流/直流转换器51的升压，可以使得后级直流/交流逆变器52在操作上更为稳定。 And a single-conversion architecture except that the DC output of the solar cell 50 can be raised to a first potential 51 can be matched with the voltage distribution system 57 via a DC / DC converter, and then converts the DC / AC inverter 52 to after the AC power distribution system back end 57; the front stage through a boost DC / DC converter 51 may be such that after stage DC / AC inverter 52 more stable in operation.

由于在双转换器架构的太阳能发电系统5中，同样也是利用改变直流/交流逆变器52的输出电流的振幅来观察太阳能电池50的直流输出电压的变化，以决定直流/交流逆变器52输出电流振幅的调整方向，运作原理与单转换器架构的太阳能发电系统相同；因此，双转换器架构的太阳能发电系统5中的直流/交流逆变器的控制方式和单转换器架构完全相同，其控制流程及数字处理器53的架构亦分别如图2及图4所示。 Since five pairs of the solar power generation system in the converter architecture, it is also by changing the amplitude of the output current of the DC / AC inverter 52 to observe the change in the DC output voltage of the solar battery 50, to determine the DC / AC inverter 52 adjust the direction of the output current amplitude, the operating principle of the photovoltaic system with single-conversion architecture is the same; therefore, control double conversion architecture of the solar power generation system 5 in the DC / AC inverter and a single-conversion architecture identical, and a digital processor which controls the flow of architecture 53 are also shown in FIGS. 2 and 4.

值得一提的是，本发明所采用的直流/直流转换器可以为一传统的升压转换器，如图6所示，其中升压转换器6是由电感60、电力电子开关61以及二极管62组成。 It is worth mentioning that the present invention is used in a DC / DC converter may be a conventional boost converter, as shown in FIG. 6, where 6 is a boost converter inductor 60, an electronic switch 61 and a power diode 62 composition.

另外一方面，图5中的数字处理器53对于直流/直流转换器51的控制方式则有两种方式；固定责任比及固定直流输出电压，以下分别加以说明：(a)固定责任比所谓固定责任比的控制方式是由数字处理器53直接送出一固定责任比的脉波串以控制直流/直流转换器51的电力电子开关61，虽然直流/直流转换器51的直流输出电压是随着太阳能电池50的直流输出电压而变，但因为直流/直流转换器51(也就是图6的升压转换器)本身具有固定的升压比，因此仍然可以将直流输出电压提升到能与配电系统电压相匹配的电位。 On the other hand, FIG. 5 a digital processor 53 to control the DC / DC converter 51 is in two ways; responsibility than a fixed and a fixed DC output voltage, respectively, the following will be described: (a) a so-called fixed ratio of fixed liability control responsibility than by the digital processor 53 is sent directly to a pulse train to control responsibility than a fixed DC / DC converter 51, the power electronic switch 61, while the DC output voltage of the DC / DC converter 51 with the solar DC output voltage of the battery becomes 50, but since the DC / DC converter 51 (i.e. the boost converter of FIG. 6) having a step-up ratio is itself secured, thus the dc output voltage can still be raised to the power distribution system can voltage potential match.

(b)固定直流输出电压所谓固定直流输出电压的控制方式则是由数字处理器53利用一闭回路控制以控制直流/直流转换器51(或说是图6的升压转换器)的直流输出电压，使其为一固定值而不会随着太阳能电池50的直流输出电压的变化而改变。 (B) controlling the so-called fixed DC output voltage to a fixed DC output voltage is set by the digital processor 53 utilizes a closed loop control to control DC / DC converter 51 (or said boost converter of FIG. 6) of the DC output voltage, so that a fixed value without change with the DC output voltage of the solar battery 50 is changed.请参阅图7，其为固定直流输出电压的控制方框图，其是先将反馈的直流/直流转换器的直流输出电压Vdc2与一预设电压Vdcset利用比较器70作比较，再将比较结果依序送经比例积分控制器71以及脉宽调制驱动器72，以产生一责任比可变的脉波信号串，通过此脉波信号串控制升压转换器的电力电子开关61，使得直流输出电压能够提升到能与配电系统电压相匹配的电位。 Please refer to FIG. 7, which is a control block diagram of a fixed DC output voltage, which is fed back to first DC / DC converter DC output voltage with a preset voltage Vdc2 Vdcset compared by the comparator 70, then the sequence comparison result warp proportional-integral controller 71 and a pulse width modulation driver 72 to generate a pulse wave liability ratio variable signal string, this pulse wave signal train by controlling a boost converter power electronic switch 61, so that the DC output voltage can enhance potential can be matched to the voltage distribution system.

最后，相应于图2B及图4B的根据逆变器输出电流的变化调整太阳能电池直流输出电压的方式运作的最大功率追踪方法，其双转换器架构的太阳能发电系统的示意图、直流/直流转换器电路图、以及固定直流输出电压的控制方框图亦与图5至图7完全相同。 Finally, corresponding to FIG. 2B and FIG. 4B variation of the inverter output current method of adjusting the maximum power tracking of the solar cell current output voltage in accordance with the operation, which is a schematic view of solar power generation system of the double conversion architecture, the DC / DC converter a circuit diagram and a control block diagram showing a fixed DC output voltage and also FIGS. 5 to 7 is identical to FIG.

综上所述，当知本发明所述的最大功率追踪方法及装置，是通过改变直流/交流转换器的输出电流振幅、并观察太阳能电池直流输出电压的变化情形，以决定下一次的电流振幅的调整方向，或通过改变太阳能电池直流输出电压设定、并观察直流/交流转换器的输出电流振幅的变化情形，以决定下一次的太阳能电池直流输出电压设定的调整方向，此两种最大功率追踪方法皆可同时应用于单转换器及双转换器的场合中，以达到追踪太阳能电池的输出最大功率的目的；更重要的是，由于不必真正地去计算太阳能发电系统的输出功率，因此使用本发明所述的最大功率追踪方法的实际电路配置与现有技术相比，是更为简单而又节省成本。 In summary, when the maximum power point tracking method and apparatus according to the invention Chihpen, by changing the DC / AC converter output current amplitude, and observe the changes in the case of DC output voltage of the solar cell, to determine the next current amplitude adjust the direction or by changing the DC output voltage of the solar cell is set, and observe the changes in amplitude of the output current is a DC / AC converter, to determine the direction of adjustment of the DC output voltage of the solar cell of the next set, these two maximum power Jieke tracking method applied to both single and dual converter converter occasions, for the purpose of tracking a maximum power output of the solar cell; more importantly, it is not necessary actually to calculate the output power of the photovoltaic system, the use of the actual maximum power tracking circuit according to the present invention is a method arranged in comparison with the prior art, a simpler and cost-efficient.

以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用来限定本发明的实施范围。 The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention only, not intended to limit the scope of embodiments of the present invention.即凡本领域的技术人员依本发明的申请专利范围所作的诸般修饰，皆应涵盖于本发明的专利保护范围内。 I.e. all sorts of modifications skilled in the art under this patent application made by the scope of the invention, are intended to be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (15)

Translated from Chinese

1.一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪方法，其中该太阳能发电系统至少包括一太阳能电池及一直流/交流转换器，该最大功率追踪方法包括下列步骤：调整该直流/交流转换器的一输出电流；观察该太阳能电池的一直流输出电压所产生的一直流输出电压变化量；与该直流输出电压变化量同方向地再次调整该输出电流；以及依序重复上述步骤。 A method for maximum power point tracking solar power generation system, wherein the solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell and a DC / AC converter, the maximum power point tracking method comprising the steps of: adjusting an output of the DC / AC converter current; observation of the solar cell a DC output voltage of a DC output voltage generated is the amount of change; adjusting the output current and the DC output voltage variation in the same direction again; and sequentially repeating the above steps.

2.一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪方法，其中该太阳能发电系统至少包括一太阳能电池及一直流/交流转换器，该最大功率追踪方法包括下列步骤：(a)提供该直流/交流转换器的一输出电流初始值；(b)测量该太阳能电池根据该输出电流初始值所产生的一直流输出电压初始值；(c)提供该直流/交流转换器的一输出电流参考值，并使该太阳能发电系统于该输出电流参考值之下运作一时间间隔；(d)量测该太阳能电池根据该输出电流参考值所产生的一直流输出电压参考值；(e)比较该直流输出电压参考值相对于该直流输出电压初始值的一变化；(f)与该变化同方向地改变该输出电流参考值，并以该直流输出电压参考值取代该直流输出电压初始值；以及(g)重复步骤(c)～(f)。 A maximum power tracking of the solar power generation system, wherein the solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell and a DC / AC converter, the maximum power point tracking method comprising the steps of: (a) providing the DC / AC converter an output current initial value; (b) measuring a DC output voltage of the initial value of the solar cell produced according to the output current initial value; (c) providing the DC / AC converter to an output current reference value, and that solar power generation system operating below the reference value of the output current for a time interval; (d) measuring a DC output voltage reference value of the solar cell produced according to the output current reference value; (e) comparing the DC output voltage reference value with respect to a change in the DC output voltage of the initial value; (f) with the change in change of the output current reference value in the same direction, and in that the DC output voltage reference value replacing the DC output voltage of the initial value; and (g) repeating steps (c) ~ (f).

3.一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪装置，其中该太阳能发电系统至少包括一太阳能电池及一直流/交流转换器，且该太阳能电池及该直流/交流转换器分别产生一直流输出电压及一输出电流，该最大功率追踪装置包括：一数字处理器，电连接于该太阳能电池与该直流/交流转换器，该数字处理器用以接收反馈的该直流输出电压与该输出电流，并根据该直流输出电压所产生的一直流输出电压变化量产生一控制信号；以及一脉宽调制驱动器，电连接于该直流/交流转换器与该数字处理器，该脉宽调制驱动器根据该控制信号而产生一脉宽调制信号，使得该直流/交流转换器以与该直流输出电压变化量同方向地调整该输出电流。 A maximum power of the solar power generation system tracking device, wherein the solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell and a DC / AC converter, and the solar cell and the DC / AC converter produces a DC output voltage, respectively, and output current, the MPPT apparatus comprising: a digital processor, electrically connected to the solar battery and the DC / AC converter, the digital processor for receiving feedback of the DC output voltage and output current, based on the DC and DC output voltage generated by a voltage variation amount generating a control signal; and a pulse width modulation driver electrically connected to the DC / AC converter with the digital processor, the PWM generates a drive signal according to the control pulse width modulated signal so that the DC / AC converter to the DC output voltage change amount in the same direction to adjust the output current.

4.如权利要求3所述的最大功率追踪装置，还具有一储能电容，并联连接于该太阳能电池与该直流/交流转换器。 4. The maximum power of the tracking apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a storage capacitor, connected in parallel to the solar battery and the DC / AC converter.

5.如权利要求3所述的最大功率追踪装置，其中该直流/交流转换器为一直流/交流逆变器。 5. The maximum power of the tracking apparatus of claim 3, wherein the DC / AC converter is a DC / AC inverter.

6.如权利要求3所述的最大功率追踪装置，其中该数字处理器包括：一电压检测单元，用以接收反馈的该太阳能发电系统连接的一配电系统的电压，以产生一电压检测信号；一锁相环路控制单元，用以接收该电压检测信号，以产生一锁相环路信号；一乘法器，用以将该锁相环路信号与设定的该输出电流的一振幅相乘，以产生一输出电流参考信号；以及一比较器，用以将该输出电流参考信号与反馈的该输出电流相减，以产生该控制信号。 6. The maximum power tracking device according to claim 3, wherein the digital processor comprises: a voltage detection unit for a power distribution system voltage of the solar power generation system connected to receive the feedback, to generate a voltage detection signal ; PLL a control unit for receiving the voltage detection signal, a phase locked loop to generate a signal; an amplitude a multiplier for the PLL output signal and set the current phase multiplied to produce an output current reference signal; and a comparator to compare the output current reference signal and the feedback of the output current is subtracted, to generate the control signal.

7.一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪装置，其中该太阳能发电系统至少包括一太阳能电池、一直流/直流转换器及一直流/交流转换器，且该太阳能电池、该直流/直流转换器及该直流/交流转换器分别产生一第一直流输出电压、一第二直流输出电压及一输出电流，该最大功率追踪装置包括：一数字处理器，电连接于该太阳能电池、该直流/直流转换器及该直流/交流转换器，该数字处理器用以接收反馈的该第二直流输出电压与该输出电流，并根据该第二直流输出电压所产生的一直流输出电压变化量产生一控制信号；以及一脉宽调制驱动器，电连接于该直流/直流转换器、该直流/交流转换器及该数字处理器，该脉宽调制驱动器根据该控制信号而产生一脉宽调制信号，使得该直流/直流转换器产生该第二直流输出电压及该直流/交流转换器以与该直流输出电压 A maximum power of the solar power generation system tracking device, wherein the solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell, a DC / DC converter and a DC / AC converter, and the solar cells, the DC / DC converter and the DC / AC converter produces a DC output voltage are a first, a second DC output voltage and an output current, the MPPT apparatus comprising: a digital processor, electrically connected to the solar cells, the DC / DC converter and the DC / AC converter, the digital processor for receiving the fed back second DC output voltage and output current, and generating a DC output control signal according to the second DC output voltage generated by the voltage change amount ; and a pulse width modulation driver, is electrically connected to the DC / DC converter, the DC / AC converter and the digital processor, the pulse width modulation driver generates a pulse width modulation signal according to the control signal, such that the DC / DC converter to generate the DC output voltage and the second DC / AC converter to the DC output voltage and化量同方向地调整该输出电流振幅。 Adjustment amount in the same direction of the output current amplitude.

8.如权利要求7所述的最大功率追踪装置，其中该直流/直流转换器为一升压转换器，用以接收该第一直流输出电压，并加以升压以产生该第二直流输出电压，而该第二直流输出电压为一固定值，或相对于该第一直流输出电压具有一固定比值。 8. The maximum power of the tracking apparatus of claim 7, wherein the DC / DC converter is a boost converter for receiving the first DC output voltage, and boosting them to generate the second DC output voltage, and the second DC output voltage to a fixed value, or relative to the first DC output voltage having a fixed ratio.

9.如权利要求7所述的最大功率追踪装置，还具有一第一储能电容及一第二储能电容，其中该第一储能电容并联连接于该太阳能电池与该直流/直流转换器，且该第二储能电容并联连接于该直流/直流转换器与该直流/交流转换器。 9. The maximum power of the tracking apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a first storage capacitor and a second storage capacitor, wherein the first energy storage capacitor is connected in parallel to the solar battery and the DC / DC converter and the second storage capacitor is connected in parallel to the DC / DC converter and the DC / AC converter.

10.一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪方法，其中该太阳能发电系统至少包括一太阳能电池及一直流/交流转换器，该最大功率追踪方法包括下列步骤：调整该太阳能电池的一直流输出电压设定；观察该直流/交流转换器的一输出电流所产生的一输出电流振幅变化量；与该输出电流振幅变化量同方向地再次调整该直流输出电压设定；以及依序重复上述步骤。 10. A method for maximum power point tracking solar power generation system, wherein the solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell and a DC / AC converter, the maximum power point tracking method comprising the steps of: adjusting the DC output of the solar cell voltage is provided set; an output current amplitude observed change amount of the DC / AC converter is an output current produced; and the output current amplitude change amount in the same direction again to adjust the DC output voltage is set; and sequentially repeating the above steps.

11.一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪方法，其中该太阳能发电系统至少包括一太阳能电池及一直流/交流转换器，该最大功率追踪方法包括下列步骤：(a)提供该太阳能电池的一直流输出电压初始值；(b)测量该直流/交流转换器根据该直流输出电压初始值所产生的一输出电流振幅初始值；(c)调整该太阳能电池的一直流输出电压参考值，并使该太阳能发电系统于该直流输出电压参考值之下运作一时间间隔；(d)量测该直流/交流转换器根据该直流输出电压参考值所产生的一输出电流振幅参考值；(e)比较该输出电流振幅参考值相对于该输出电流振幅初始值的一变化；(f)与该变化同方向地改变该直流输出电压参考值，并以改变后的该输出电流振幅参考值取代该输出电流振幅初始值；以及(g)重复步骤(c)～(f)。 A maximum power tracking of the solar power generation system, wherein the solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell and a DC / AC converter, the maximum power point tracking method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a direct current of the solar cell output voltage of the initial value; (b) measuring a DC output current of the initial value of the amplitude / AC converter is generated based on the DC output voltage initial value; (c) adjusting the DC output of the solar cell voltage reference value, and that solar power generation system to operate in DC output voltage is below the reference value of a time interval; (d) measuring the DC / amplitude reference value of an output AC current generated by the converter DC output voltage based on the reference value; (e) comparing the output current amplitude reference value with respect to a change of the output current amplitude of the initial value; (f) and in that the output current amplitude reference value is changed in place of the output current amplitude of the variation change of the DC output voltage reference value in the same direction, initial value; and (g) repeating steps (c) ~ (f).

12.一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪装置，其中该太阳能发电系统至少包括一太阳能电池及一直流/交流转换器，且该太阳能电池及该直流/交流转换器分别产生一直流输出电压及一输出电流，该最大功率追踪装置包括：一数字处理器，电连接于该太阳能电池与该直流/交流转换器，该数字处理器用以接收反馈的该直流输出电压与该输出电流，并根据该输出电流所产生的一输出电流振幅变化量产生一控制信号；以及一脉宽调制驱动器，电连接于该直流/交流转换器与该数字处理器，该脉宽调制驱动器根据该控制信号而产生一脉宽调制信号，使得该太阳能电池以与该输出电流振幅变化量同方向地调整该直流输出电压。 A maximum power of the solar power generation system tracking device, wherein the solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell and a DC / AC converter, and the solar cell and the DC / AC converter produces a DC output voltage, respectively, and output current, the MPPT apparatus comprising: a digital processor, electrically connected to the solar battery and the DC / AC converter, the digital processor for receiving feedback of the DC output voltage and output current, and according to the output an amplitude change amount output current generated by the current generating a control signal; and a pulse width modulation driver electrically connected to the DC / AC converter with the digital processor, the PWM generates a drive pulse according to the control signal width modulation signal, so that the solar cell output current to adjust the amplitude change amount in the same direction of the DC output voltage.

13.如权利要求12所述的最大功率追踪装置，其中该数字处理器包括：一电压检测单元，用以接收反馈的该太阳能发电系统所连接的一配电系统的电压，以产生一电压检测信号；一锁相环路控制单元，用以接收该电压检测信号，以产生一锁相环路信号；一第一比较器，用以将反馈的该直流输出电压与一设定电压相减，以产生一直流输出电压误差信号；一比例积分控制器，用以接收该直流输出电压误差信号，以产生一输出电流振幅信号；一乘法器，用以将该锁相环路信号与该输出电流振幅信号相乘，以产生一输出电流参考信号；以及一比较器，用以将该输出电流参考信号与反馈的该输出电流相减，以产生该控制信号。 13. The maximum power point tracking device of claim 12, wherein the digital processor comprises: a voltage distribution system for a solar power generation system connected to receive the feedback of a voltage detecting means, to generate a voltage detection signal; a PLL control unit for receiving the voltage detection signal, a phase locked loop to generate a signal; a first comparator for the DC output voltage and a feedback voltage is set by subtracting, to produce a DC output voltage error signal; a proportional integral controller, for receiving the DC output voltage error signal to generate an output current amplitude signal; a multiplier for the output signal of the phase locked loop current multiplying the amplitude of the signal to produce an output current reference signal; and a comparator to compare the output current reference signal and the feedback of the output current is subtracted, to generate the control signal.

14.一种太阳能发电系统的最大功率追踪装置，其中该太阳能发电系统至少包括一太阳能电池、一直流/直流转换器及一直流/交流转换器，且该太阳能电池、该直流/直流转换器及该直流/交流转换器分别产生一第一直流输出电压、一第二直流输出电压及一输出电流，该最大功率追踪装置包括：一数字处理器，电连接于该太阳能电池、该直流/直流转换器及该直流/交流转换器，该数字处理器用以接收反馈的该第二直流输出电压与该输出电流，并根据该输出电流所产生的一输出电流振幅变化量产生一控制信号；以及一脉宽调制驱动器，电连接于该直流/直流转换器、该直流/交流转换器及该数字处理器，该脉宽调制驱动器根据该控制信号而产生一脉宽调制信号，使得该直流/直流转换器产生该第二直流输出电压及该太阳能电池以与该输出电流振幅变化量同方向 The maximum power of a solar power generation system 14. The tracking device, wherein the solar power generation system comprising at least one solar cell, a DC / DC converter and a DC / AC converter, and the solar cells, the DC / DC converter and the DC / AC converter produces a DC output voltage are a first, a second DC output voltage and an output current, the MPPT apparatus comprising: a digital processor, electrically connected to the solar cells, the DC / DC converter and the DC / AC converter, the digital processor for receiving the fed back second DC output voltage and output current, and generates a control signal in accordance with a variation of the output current amplitude of the generated current output; and a a pulse width modulation driver, is electrically connected to the DC / DC converter, the DC / AC converter and the digital processor, the pulse width modulation driver generates a pulse width modulation signal according to the control signal so that the DC / DC converter this produces a second DC output voltage and the output current of the solar cell in the same direction and amplitude change amount调整该第一直流输出电压。 Adjusting the first DC output voltage.

15.如权利要求14所述的最大功率追踪装置，其中该直流/直流转换器为一升压转换器，用以接收该第一直流输出电压，并加以升压以产生该第二直流输出电压。 15. The maximum power of the tracking apparatus of claim 14, wherein the DC / DC converter is a boost converter for receiving the first DC output voltage, and boosting them to generate the second DC output Voltage.

CN 2003101205482003-12-122003-12-12Method for tracing maximum power for solar power system and equipment
CN1627225A
(en)