In 2010, Johansson debuted on Broadway in a revival of A View from the Bridge, which won her a Tony Award. Also in 2010, Johansson began portraying Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, she voiced an intelligent computer operating system in the 2013 comedy-drama Her and played an alien in the 2013 science fiction film Under the Skin as well as a woman with psychokinetic abilities in the 2014 science fiction action Lucy. The highest-grossing actress of 2016, she is also, as of May 2017, the highest-grossing actress of all time in North America.

Johansson's achievements include being among the world's highest-paid actresses from 2014 to 2016, multiple appearances on the Forbes Celebrity 100, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She supports various charities and causes, and is a prominent celebrity endorser of brands. Reluctant to discuss her personal life in public, she was married twice, to the Canadian actor Ryan Reynolds from 2008 to 2011 and the French businessman Romain Dauriac (with whom she has a daughter) from 2014 to 2017.

Early life

Johansson was born in Manhattan, New York City,[1][2] her father, Karsten Johansson, is an architect originally from Copenhagen, Denmark, and her paternal grandfather, Ejner Johansson, was an art historian, screenwriter, and director.[3] Her mother, Melanie Sloan, a producer, comes from an Ashkenazi Jewish family (from Poland and Belarus).[4][5][6] She has an older sister, Vanessa, also an actress; an older brother, Adrian; and a twin brother, Hunter.[7] Johansson also has an older half-brother, Christian, from her father's first marriage, she holds both American and Danish citizenship.[8][9]

Johansson attended PS 41, an elementary school in Greenwich Village, Manhattan.[10] Growing up, her family had limited financial means and her parents divorced when she was 13.[11][12] Johansson was particularly close to her maternal grandmother, Dorothy Sloan, a bookkeeper and schoolteacher; they would frequently spend time together and Johansson considered Sloan her best friend.[13] Interested in a career in the spotlight from an early age, Johansson often put on song-and-dance routines for her family, she was particularly fond of musical theater, describing herself as "one of those jazz-hands kids".[14][15]

I always had the chance to do whatever I wanted to do, my parents were very open about that [...] Acting has been a passion of mine. I wanted to be in musicals as a kid, and took tap dance, so for me it's a dream come true, my childhood was filled with things that I loved to do, and also very normal things: I lived in New York, I have a family life and went to a regular school. If anything, I look back and think, 'Wow, I did a lot of things that a lot of people don't get to do in their lifetime'.

As a child, Johansson practiced acting by staring in the mirror until she would make herself cry, wanting to be Judy Garland in Meet Me in St. Louis.[17] She was devastated when a talent agent signed up her brother instead of her. Determined, she eventually decided to become an actress anyway. When she was seven, she enrolled at the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute and was taken to auditions by her mother, who was a "film buff" herself, for commercials.[15][17][18] Johansson soon became disinterested when she found herself in a room full of other aspiring child actresses and felt like a "member of a herd of cattle" at auditions, her mother subsequently limited her auditions to film and theater.[19]

Johansson made her first stage appearance in the Off Broadway play Sophistry opposite Ethan Hawke,[20] in which she had only two lines.[18] She began studying at Professional Children's School (PCS), a private educational institution for aspiring child actors in Manhattan, at age nine, Johansson made her film debut as John Ritter's daughter in the fantasy comedy North (1994).[18] She remembers being on the set of the film, recalling, "for some reason, I just knew what to do, instinctively, it was like, I don't know ... fate".[17] Although the film was unsuccessful, Johansson was noticed by casting agents and was signed for minor roles of the daughter of Sean Connery and Kate Capshaw's characters in the mystery thriller Just Cause (1995) and an art student in If Lucy Fell (1996).[19]

Acting career

Early roles (1996–2002)

"Unfortunately, because it's adults writing these scripts, it's tough [for young actors to find realistic roles]. The problem is adults portray kids like mall rats and not seriously ... Kids and teenagers just aren't being portrayed with any real depth."

Johansson's first leading role was of Amanda, the younger sister of a pregnant teenager who runs away from her foster home in Manny & Lo (1996) alongside Aleksa Palladino and her brother, Hunter. Her performance received positive reviews; one for San Francisco Chronicle noted, "[the film] grows on you, largely because of the charm of ... Scarlett Johansson",[22] while critic Mick LaSalle , also writing for San Francisco Chronicle, commented on her "peaceful aura", and believed, "If she can get through puberty with that aura undisturbed, she could become an important actress."[23] Johansson earned a Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Female nomination for the role.[24]

After appearing in minor roles in Fall and Home Alone 3 (both 1997), Johansson garnered wider attention for her performance in the film The Horse Whisperer (1998), directed by Robert Redford.[18][25] The drama film, based on the 1995 novel of same name by Nicholas Evans, tells the story of a talented trainer with a remarkable gift for understanding horses, who is hired to help an injured teenager (played by Johansson), the actress received an 'introducing' credit on this film, although it was her seventh role. On Johansson's maturity, Redford described her as "13 going on 30".[26] Todd McCarthy of Variety commented that Johansson "convincingly conveys the awkwardness of her age and the inner pain of a carefree girl suddenly laid low by horrible happenstance".[27] Nominated for the Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Most Promising Actress for the film,[28] Johansson believed that the film "changed things for me in a lot of ways [...] I went through this realization that acting, at its heart, is the ability to manipulate your own emotions".[29]

With David Arquette, Johansson appeared in the horror comedy Eight Legged Freaks (2002), which tells the story of a collection of spiders that are exposed to toxic waste, causing them to grow to gigantic proportions and begin killing and harvesting.[35] After graduating from PCS that year, she applied to New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, but decided to focus on her film career when she was rejected.[36]

Transition to adult roles (2003–2004)

Johansson transitioned from teen to adult roles, with two films in 2003, the romantic comedy-drama Lost in Translation and the drama Girl with a Pearl Earring,[37] she was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress[a] for both of these films, winning the former for Lost in Translation.[39] In this film, directed by Sofia Coppola, she played Charlotte, a listless and lonely young wife, opposite Bill Murray. Coppola had first noticed Johansson in Manny & Lo, comparing her to a young Lauren Bacall; Coppola wrote the film's story based on the relationship between Humphrey Bogart and Bacall in The Big Sleep (1946).[40] Johansson immediately accepted the part and found the experience of working with a female director different.[41] Made on a paltry budget of $4 million, the film earned $119 million at the box-office and received positive reviews from critics.[42][43]Roger Ebert was pleased with the film and described the lead performances as "wonderful",[44] and Entertainment Weekly wrote of Johansson's "embracing, restful serenity".[45]The New York Times praised Johannson, 18 at the time, for playing an older character.[46]

In Peter Webber's Girl with a Pearl Earring, which is based on the novel of same name by Tracy Chevalier, Johansson played Griet, a young 17th-century servant in the household of the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer (played by Colin Firth). Webber interviewed 150 girls for the part before Johannson was finalized, who he felt "just stood out, she had something distinctive about her."[47] Webber found the actress too modern, but thought it was a positive attribute and that hiding the intelligent girl in her for the part would work.[48] While Johannson found the character moving, she did not read the novel, as she thought it was better to approach the story with a fresh start.[49]Girl with a Pearl Earring received positive reviews and was financially profitable.[50] In his review for The New Yorker, Anthony Lane thought that her presence kept the film "alive", writing, "She is often wordless and close to plain onscreen, but wait for the ardor with which she can summon a closeup and bloom under its gaze; this is her film, not Vermeer's, all the way."[51]Owen Gleiberman, for Entertainment Weekly similarly noted her "nearly silent performance", observing, "The interplay on her face of fear, ignorance, curiosity, and sex is intensely dramatic."[52]

In her fourth release in 2004, the live-action animated comedy The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, Johansson voiced the role of Princess Mindy, the daughter of King Neptune. She agreed to the film because of her love for cartoons and the animated series The Ren & Stimpy Show (1991–1995).[55] The film was her most commercially successful work that year,[53] she followed with In Good Company, a comedy-drama about a middle-aged man (Dennis Quaid), whose life becomes complicated after the arrival of a new boss (Topher Grace) who is nearly half his age and dates his daughter (Johansson). Reviews for the film were generally positive, describing it as "witty and charming".[56] Rogert Ebert was impressed with Johansson's portrayal, writing that she "continues to employ the gravitational pull of quiet fascination".[57]

Two of Johansson's films in 2006 explored the world of stage magicians, both opposite Hugh Jackman. Allen cast her opposite Jackman and himself in the film Scoop (2006), in which she played a journalism student, the film was a modest worldwide box office success, but polarized critics.[66][67] Ebert was critical of the film, but found Johansson "lovely as always",[68] and Mark LaSalle opined that she "brings deftness and freshness" to her part,[69] she also appeared in Brian De Palma's The Black Dahlia, a film noir shot in Los Angeles and Bulgaria. Johansson later said she was a fan of De Palma and had wanted to work with him on the film, but thought that she was "physically wrong" for the part.[70]CNN noted, "[Johansson] takes to the pulpy period atmosphere as if it were oxygen," and Anne Billson of The Daily Telegraph found her miscast in her part.[71][72]

Also in 2006, Johansson starred in the short film When the Deal Goes Down, directed by Bennett Miller, set to Bob Dylan's "When the Deal Goes Down...", released to promote his album, Modern Times.[73] Johansson played a supporting role of assistant and lover of Jackman's character, an aristocratic magician, in Christopher Nolan's mystery thriller The Prestige (2006). Nolan, who was interested in Johansson to play the role, described her as possessing an "ambiguity [...] a shielded quality".[74][75] She was fascinated with Nolan's directing methods and liked working with him,[76] the film was both a critical and box office success,[77] recommended by the Los Angeles Times as "an adult, provocative piece of work."[78] Some critics were skeptical of her performance; Anne Billson referred to her as miscast and Dan Jolin in Empire criticized her English accent, writing that she "forgets to engage her audience, trilling the film's only bum note".[72][79]

Johansson's only work in 2007 was in the critically panned comedy-drama The Nanny Diaries, in which she had the role of a college graduate working as a nanny alongside Chris Evans and Laura Linney, the reviews for her performance were mixed; Variety wrote, "[She] essays an engaging heroine",[80] and The New Yorker criticized her for looking "merely confused" while "trying to give the material a plausible emotional center".[81]

In 2008, Johansson starred in The Other Boleyn Girl, with Natalie Portman and Eric Bana, a film which garnered mixed reviews.[82][83] Promoting the film, Johansson and Portman appeared on the cover of W, discussing with the magazine the public's reception of them.[84] Writing for Rolling Stone, Pete Travers criticized the film for "[moving] in frustrating herks and jerks", but thought that the duo were the only positive aspects of the production.[85]Variety credited the cast as "almost flawless ... at the top of its game", citing "Johansson's quieter Mary ... as the [film's] emotional center".[86]

In her third collaboration with Woody Allen, the romantic comedy-drama Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008), which had been filmed in Spain, Johansson played one of the love interests of Javier Bardem's character alongside Penélope Cruz.[87] The film was one of Allen's most profitable and received favorable reviews.[88][89] A reviewer in Variety labelled Johansson "open and malleable" that "serves as a nice contrast to the [other actors]",[90] she also played the femme fatale Silken Floss in The Spirit, based on the newspaper comic strip, The Spirit by Will Eisner, to mostly poor reviews.[91] Johansson's only role in 2009 was as Anna Marks, a yoga instructor, in the ensemble comedy-drama He's Just Not That Into You (2009), the film was released to tepid reviews but was a box office success.[92][93]

Marvel Cinematic Universe and stage roles (2010–2013)

Aspiring to appear on Broadway since her childhood,[94] Johansson made her debut on Broadway in a 2010 revival of the drama A View from the Bridge, written by Arthur Miller.[95] Set in 1950s America, in an Italian American neighborhood in New York, it tells the tragic tale of Eddie (played by Liev Schreiber), who has an inappropriate love for his wife's orphaned niece, Catherine (played by Johansson). Johansson was initially uncomfortable playing a teenage character, but later agreed to the play after a friend convinced her to take on the part.[96]Ben Brantley of The New York Times wrote for Johansson that she "melts into her character so thoroughly that her nimbus of celebrity disappears".[97] David Rooney of Variety was impressed with the play and Johansson in particular, describing her as the chief performer of the play,[98] she won the 2010 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play.[99] Some critics and Broadway actors saw her as undeserving of the award.[100]

Johansson signed on to play Black Widow in Jon Favreau's Iron Man 2 (2010), replacing Emily Blunt as she was unavailable for the project.[101] Before she secured the role, she dyed her hair red to convince Favreau that she was right for it, she undertook stunt and strength training to prepare for the role.[102] Johannsson said that she resonated with the character, admiring the superhero's human traits.[103] Part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU),[104] the film earned $623.9 million against its $200 million budget and received mostly positive reviews from critics, but she was criticized for her performance.[105][106] Tim Robey of The Daily Telegraph believed that she "gets nothing to do but pout [and] perform a few swivel kicks" and Matt Goldberg similarly thought that she had little to do but look attractive;[107][108] in 2011, Johansson played the role of Kelly, a zookeeper in the family film We Bought a Zoo alongside Matt Damon. The film gained mainly favorable reviews, and Anne Billson praised Johansson for bringing depth to a rather uninteresting character,[109][72] for the film, Johansson earned a Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress: Drama nomination.[110]

In 2013, Johansson voiced the character Samantha, an intelligent computer operating system, in Spike Jonze's film Her, replacing Samantha Morton in the role.[127] The film premiered at 8th Rome International Film Festival, where Johansson won Best Actress; she was additionally nominated for the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress.[128][129] Johansson was intimidated by the role's complexity, and considered her recording sessions for the role challenging but liberating. "You're liberated from your body. You're liberated from any kind of judgment that other people might place on your appearance".[130] Peter Travers believed Johansson "speaks Samantha in tones sweet, sexy, caring, manipulative and scary" and that her "vocal tour de force is award-worthy".[131]Richard Corliss of Time took note of her "seductive and winning" performance.[132]Her was deemed by critics to be among the best films of 2013.[133]

Recent work (2014–present)

Continuing her work in the MCU, Johansson reprised her role as Black Widow in Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014). In the film, she joins forces with the title character (Chris Evans) and Falcon (Anthony Mackie) to uncover a conspiracy within S.H.I.E.L.D. while facing a mysterious assassin known as the Winter Soldier. Johansson and Evans wrote their own dialogue for several scenes they had together.[140] Johansson was attracted to her character's way of doing her job through her feminine wiles rather than her sexuality and physical appeal,[141] the film became a critical and commercial success, grossing over $714 million worldwide.[142] Odie Henderson saw "a genuine emotional shorthand at work, especially from Johansson, who is excellent here",[143] the role earned her a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination.[144]

Johansson played a supporting role in the film Chef (2014), alongside Jon Favreau, also the director, Robert Downey, Jr. and Sofía Vergara. It grossed over $45 million at the box office and was well received by critics. Chicago Sun-Times critic Richard Roeper found the film "funny, quirky and insightful, with a bounty of interesting supporting characters".[145] In Luc Besson's science fiction action film Lucy (2014), Johansson starred as the title character, who gains psychokinetic abilities when a nootropic drug is absorbed into her bloodstream.[146] Besson discussed the role with several actresses, eventually casting Johansson after her strong reaction to the script; he was also impressed by her discipline.[147] Critics generally praised the film for its themes, visuals and Johansson's performance, while some found the plot nonsensical.[148]IGN's Jim Vejvoda opined the "movie is all about Johansson, who's in almost every scene", attributing the film's success to Besson's style and Johansson's performance.[149] The film grossed $458 million against a budget of $40 million to become the 18th highest-grossing film of 2014.[150]

Upcoming projects

In October 2014, it was announced that Johannson will star in and executive produce the upcoming eight-episode period series The Custom of the Country, based on Edith Wharton's 1913 novel of the same name. She is set to play Undine Spragg, a young woman from the Midwest who tries to climb her way up the New York City social ladder.[165] Johansson will continue playing Black Widow in Avengers: Infinity War scheduled for release in May 2018 and the untitled sequel scheduled for May 2019.[166][167]

The album was named the "23rd best album of 2008" by NME and peaked at number on the BillboardTop Heatseekers chart and number 126 on Billboard 200.[175][176] Johansson later spoke of the opportunity she had to record the album, adding, "I thought I would do maybe an album of standards, because I'm not a songwriter. I'm a vocalist."[177] Johansson said for her recording she "wanted to have space and [she] wanted to be in a remote place where all of us could just be ourselves and not worry about anyone trying to listen in or get in on that."[178] She started listening to Waits when she was 11 or 12 years old.[179] Johansson said of Waits in an interview, "His melodies are so beautiful, his voice is so distinct and I had my own way of doing Tom Waits songs."[180]

Personal life

Johansson at a press conference in 2014

Johansson is reticent to discuss her personal life in public, stating, "It's nice to have everybody not know your business".[191] Regarding her religious affiliation, she has described herself as Jewish and celebrates both Christmas and Hanukkah,[192] she has stated that she dislikes it when celebrities thank God or Jesus in their award acceptance speeches.[193]

While attending PCS, Johansson dated classmate Jack Antonoff from 2001 to 2002,[194] she dated her Black Dahlia co-star Josh Hartnett for about two years until the end of 2006, with Hartnett citing their busy lives as the reason for the split.[195] Johansson began a relationship with Canadian actor Ryan Reynolds in 2007,[196] and in May 2008, it was reported that they were engaged;[197] in September 2008, the couple married in a quiet ceremony near Tofino, British Columbia. They purchased a $2.8 million home together near Los Angeles.[198] In December 2010, the couple announced their separation and their divorce was finalized in July 2011.[199] Johansson later dated actor Sean Penn in a highly publicized relationship that lasted until June 2011,[200] after which Johansson had a year-and-a-half long relationship with advertising executive Nate Naylor, the pair split up in October 2012.[201]

In November 2012, Johansson started dating Frenchman Romain Dauriac, the owner of an independent advertising agency;[202][203] in September 2013, it was announced that Johansson and Dauriac were engaged.[204] Johansson and Dauriac divided their time between residences in New York City and Paris,[205] she gave birth to their daughter, Rose Dorothy Dauriac, in 2014.[206] Johansson and Dauriac married in October 2014, in Philipsburg, Montana;[207] in January 2017, it was announced they had separated in the summer of 2016.[208] Johansson filed for a divorce that was finalized in September 2017.[209]

Johansson has criticized the media for promoting an image that causes unhealthy diets and eating disorders among women, believing "that being ultra-thin is not sexy at all";[210] in one such article she wrote for HuffPost, Johansson encouraged the reader to maintain a healthy body.[211] She created some controversy when she appeared nude on the cover of the March 2006 issue of Vanity Fair alongside actress Keira Knightley and fashion designer Tom Ford.[212] In September 2011, nude photographs of Johansson hacked from her cell phone were published online. Following an FBI investigation, Christopher Chaney was arrested, pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to 10 years in prison. Johansson said the photos had been sent to her then-husband, Reynolds, three years prior to the incident.[213]

In 2014, she won a lawsuit against French publisher, JC Lattes, for using her name in the novel The First Thing We Look At, by Gregoire Delacourt, the book featured a character who looked like Johannson, and was mistaken for her, although she herself was not a character in the novel. Johansson was awarded $3,400, a fraction of the $68,000 she had claimed.[214]

Public image

Johansson is considered a modern sex symbol; her lips, green eyes, and voice are among her trademarks.[215][216] Often sexually compared to that of Marilyn Monroe, she dislikes to be "super-sexualised" and "to always be an object of desire, because it doesn't last".[217][218]The Sydney Morning Herald describes Johansson as "the embodiment of male fantasy".[15] During the filming of Match Point, director Woody Allen said he found it "very hard to be extra witty around a sexually overwhelming, beautiful young woman who is wittier than you are."[219] In 2014, New Yorker film critic Anthony Lane wrote that "she is evidently, and profitably, aware of her sultriness, and of how much, down to the last inch, it contributes to the contours of her reputation."[220]

"The conviction comes in how you sell yourself to yourself, in a way. You have to believe in yourself and your character and what they stand behind, even if their morals or ethical ideals are different from your own. You have to understand where they are coming from and be convinced of what they believe in and how they act."

Johansson's physical appearance and personality consistently score high within the US and UK male demographic. Maxim included her in their Hot 100 from 2006 to 2014.[222] She is the only woman to be named "Sexiest Woman Alive" twice by Esquire (2006 and 2013);[223][224] in February 2007, she was named the "Sexiest Celebrity" of the year by Playboy.[225] In 2011, Men's Health named her one of the 100 Hottest Women of All-Time.[226]FHM has regularly ranked her as one of their 100 sexiest famous women since 2005.[227] She was named GQ's Babe of the Year in 2010.[228]

Johansson is commonly called "ScarJo" by the media and fans, but dislikes being referred to as such, deeming it "awful" and "terrible";[229][230] in the May 2014 issue of Glamour, she stated, "I associate that name [ScarJo] with, like, pop stars. It sounds tacky. It's lazy and flippant. And there's something kind of violent about it. There's something insulting about it."[231]

Johansson was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in June 2004.[232] In 2006, Johansson appeared on Forbes'Celebrity 100, a list she was featured in again in 2014 and 2015.[233] Johansson received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in May 2012,[234] from 2014 to 2016, she was one of the highest-paid actresses, with annual earnings of $17 million, $35.5 million and $25 million, respectively.[235][158] She was the highest-grossing actress of 2016, with a $1.2 billion total for the year.[236] As a result, IndieWire called her among "the most daring talents in the business with one risky role after the next",[237] as of May 2017, Johansson is the highest-grossing actress of all time in North America, with her films making over $3.6 billion.[238]

In January 2014, the Israeli company SodaStream, which makes home-carbonation product, hired Johannson as its first global brand ambassador, a relationship that commenced with a television commercial during Super Bowl XLVIII on February 2, 2014,[244] her endorsement of the product led to a conflict with another organization with which Johansson has done charity work, Oxfam, and led her to resign from that organization by the end of that January.[245]

Other ventures

Johansson at the 2009 premiere of He's Just Not That Into You, where she auctioned off a pair of tickets to benefit Oxfam

Philanthropy

Johansson has supported various charitable organizations, including Aid Still Required, Cancer Research UK, Stand Up To Cancer, Too Many Women, working against breast cancer, and USA Harvest to provide food for people in need.[246] In 2005, Johansson became a Global Ambassador for the aid and development agency Oxfam;[247] in 2007, Johansson took part in social advocacy as part of the anti-poverty campaign ONE, which was organized by U2 lead singer Bono.[15] In March 2008, a UK-based bidder paid £20,000 on an eBay auction to benefit Oxfam, winning a hair and makeup treatment, a pair of tickets and a chauffeured trip to accompany Johansson on a 20-minute date to the world premiere of He's Just Not That Into You.[248]

In January 2014, Johansson resigned from her Oxfam position after facing criticism for her promotion of SodaStream, whose main factory was based in Mishor Adumim, an Israeli settlement in the West Bank, as Oxfam opposes all trade with such Israeli settlements.[249][245] Her spokesman said she and Oxfam "have a fundamental difference of opinion in regards [sic] to the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement".[250] In response to her resignation, Oxfam stated that it was "grateful for her many contributions ... [in] helping to highlight the impact of natural disasters and raise funds to save lives and fight poverty".[251][252]

Manhattan
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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many mu

Ryan Reynolds
–
Ryan Rodney Reynolds is a Canadian actor. Additionally, he portrayed the Hal Jordan version of the DC Comics superhero Green Lantern in the 2011 film of the same name. Reynolds has also starred in such as National Lampoons Van Wilder, The Amityville Horror, Definitely, Maybe, The Proposal, Buried, The Croods. Ryan Rodney Reynolds was born on Octobe

North (1994 film)
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It was shot in Hawaii, Alaska, California, South Dakota, New Jersey, and New York. A boy named North is listening to his parents argue about their problems at the dinner table, North has a panic attack, and begins to lose consciousness. One day, while finding solace in a living room display at a mall, he is visited by a man in a bunny suit who clai

1.
Theatrical release poster

Independent Spirit Award
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The Film Independent Spirit Awards, founded in 1984, are awards dedicated to independent filmmakers. Winners were typically presented with acrylic glass pyramids containing suspended shoestrings representing the paltry budgets of independent films, in 1986, the event was renamed the Independent Spirit Awards. Since 2006, winners have received a tro

1.
Film Independent's Spirit Awards

The Horse Whisperer (film)
–
The Horse Whisperer is a 1998 American drama film directed by and starring Robert Redford, based on the 1995 novel The Horse Whisperer by Nicholas Evans. Redford plays the role, a talented trainer with a remarkable gift for understanding horses. Teenager Grace MacLean and her best friend Judith go out early one morning to ride their horses, Pilgrim

1.
Theatrical release poster

Ghost World (film)
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Ghost World is a 2001 American black comedy film directed by Terry Zwigoff, based on the comic book of the same name by Daniel Clowes, with a screenplay co-written by Clowes and Zwigoff. The story focuses on the lives of Enid and Rebecca, two teenage outsiders in an unnamed American city, best friends Enid and Rebecca face the summer after their hi

1.
Theatrical release poster

2.
Ghost World: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Girl with a Pearl Earring (film)
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Girl with a Pearl Earring is a 2003 drama film directed by Peter Webber. The screenplay was adapted by screenwriter Olivia Hetreed, based on the novel of the name by Tracy Chevalier. Other cast members include Tom Wilkinson, Cillian Murphy, and Judy Parfitt, Hetreed read the novel before its publication, and her husbands production company convince

Lost in Translation (film)
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Lost in Translation is a 2003 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Sofia Coppola. It was her feature film after The Virgin Suicides. It stars Bill Murray as aging actor Bob Harris, who befriends college graduate Charlotte in a Tokyo hotel, Murray and Johansson each won a BAFTA award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and Best A

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Theatrical release poster

Golden Globe Awards
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golde

1.
The Golden Globe statuette

A Love Song for Bobby Long
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A Love Song for Bobby Long is a 2004 American drama film written and directed by Shainee Gabel. The screenplay is based on the novel Off Magazine Street by Ronald Everett Capps, set in New Orleans, Louisiana, the film stars John Travolta and Scarlett Johansson. She was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama for

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Original poster

Match Point
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Match Point is a 2005 psychological thriller film written and directed by Woody Allen, starring Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Scarlett Johansson, Emily Mortimer, Matthew Goode, Brian Cox, and Penelope Wilton. Rhys Meyerss character marries into a family, but his social position is threatened by his affair with his brother-in-laws girlfriend. The film treat

1.
Theatrical release poster

2.
Woody Allen, 2006

The Prestige (film)
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Its story follows Robert Angier and Alfred Borden, rival stage magicians in London at the end of the 19th century. Obsessed with creating the best stage illusion, they engage in competitive one-upmanship with tragic results, the film stars Hugh Jackman as Robert Angier, Christian Bale as Alfred Borden, and David Bowie as Nikola Tesla. It also stars

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Theatrical release poster

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The historic Tower Theatre in Los Angeles was used as the location for the Pantages Theatre in London

Vicky Cristina Barcelona
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Vicky Cristina Barcelona is a 2008 romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Woody Allen. The film was shot in Spain in Barcelona, Avilés and Oviedo, Cruz won both the Academy Award and BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. Altogether, the film won 25 out of 56 nominations, Vicky and Cristina visit Barcelona for the summer, st

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Theatrical release poster

Anywhere I Lay My Head
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Anywhere I Lay My Head is the debut studio album by American actress Scarlett Johansson, released on May 16,2008 by Atco Records. Johansson recorded the album over five weeks in spring 2007 at Dockside Studios in Maurice and it was produced by Dave Sitek of TV on the Radio and includes collaborations with David Bowie and members of Yeah Yeah Yeahs

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Anywhere I Lay My Head

Break Up (album)
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Break Up is a collaborative album between Pete Yorn and Scarlett Johansson. The first single, Relator was released as a download on May 25,2009. The full album was released by Atco and Rhino on September 15,2009, the record was certified platinum in France. The album was recorded in 2006, thus preceding several albums that Yorn, Johansson completed

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Break Up

Billboard 200
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The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during

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Contents

Broadway theatre

A View from the Bridge
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A View from the Bridge is written by American playwright Arthur Miller, first staged on September 29,1955, as a one-act verse drama with A Memory of Two Mondays at the Coronet Theatre on Broadway. The play was unsuccessful and Miller subsequently revised the play to two acts, this version is the one with which audiences are most familiar today. The

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First edition cover.

Marvel Cinematic Universe
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The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series and digital series. The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, clark Gregg has appeared the most in the franchise, portraying Phil Coulson, a character original to

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Kevin Feige was an early visionary for the franchise, realizing a shared media universe could be created with properties Marvel owned.

Her (film)
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Her is a 2013 American romantic science-fiction drama film written, directed, and produced by Spike Jonze. It marks Jonzes solo screenwriting debut, the film follows Theodore Twombly, a man who develops a relationship with Samantha, an intelligent computer operating system personified through a female voice. The film also stars Amy Adams, Rooney Ma

Under the Skin (2013 film)
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Under the Skin is a 2013 science fiction film directed and co-written by Jonathan Glazer loosely based on Michel Fabers 2000 novel of the same name. The film stars Scarlett Johansson as a woman who preys on men in Scotland. Glazer and cowriter Walter Campbell developed Under the Skin for a decade, most of the characters were played by non-actors, i

Psychokinetic
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Psychokinesis, or telekinesis, is an alleged psychic ability allowing a person to influence a physical system without physical interaction. Psychokinesis experiments have historically been criticized for lack of proper controls, there is no convincing evidence that psychokinesis is a real phenomenon, and the topic is generally regarded as pseudosci

Lucy (2014 film)
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Lucy is a 2014 English-language French science fiction action film written and directed by Luc Besson and produced by his wife Virginie Besson-Silla for his company Europacorp. The film was shot in Taipei, Paris and New York City and it stars Scarlett Johansson, Morgan Freeman, Choi Min-sik and Amr Waked. Johansson portrays the character, a woman w

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Theatrical release poster

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Lucy (Soundtrack from the Motion Picture)

Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point s

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A typical Walk of Fame star in the phonograph record category. The charcoal terrazzo contrasts with the pink terrazzo star and brass surround, emblem and lettering.

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The Walk of Fame at the 6800 block of Hollywood Boulevard, looking eastward. The Dolby Theatre is in the foreground at left. In the upper left quadrant is the famous intersection of Hollywood and Highland.

Copenhagen
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Copenhagen, Danish, København, Latin, Hafnia) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark. Copenhagen has an population of 1,280,371. The Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants, the city is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand, another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated

Ashkenazi Jews
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The traditional diaspora language of Ashkenazi Jews is Yiddish, with Hebrew used only as a sacred language until relatively recently. Throughout their time in Europe, Ashkenazim have made important contributions to philosophy, scholarship, literature, art, music. Ashkenazim originate from the Jews who settled along the Rhine River, in Western Germa

Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute
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The school was founded by the noted acting teacher Lee Strasberg in 1969 to teach and promote the techniques of method acting. The Institute has a relationship with the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University, the institute is currently under the artistic direction of Anna Strasberg, Lee Strasbergs widow. Actors Studio Group Theatre Stanisl

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The New York school in 2011

Greenwich Village
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Greenwich Village, often referred to by locals as simply the Village, is a neighborhood on the west side of Lower Manhattan, New York City. Greenwich Village has been known as a haven, the Bohemian capital, the cradle of the modern LGBT movement. Groenwijck, one of the Dutch names for the village, was Anglicized to Greenwich, two of New Yorks priva

The Independent
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The Independent is a British online newspaper. The printed edition of the paper ceased in March 2016, nicknamed the Indy, it began as a broadsheet newspaper, but changed to tabloid format in 2003. Until September 2011, the paper described itself on the banner at the top of every newspaper as free from party political bias and it tends to take a pro

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The Independent front page, 15 February 2014

Judy Garland
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Judy Garland was an American singer, actress, and vaudevillian. Garland began performing in vaudeville with her two sisters and was signed to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a teenager. She made more than two films with MGM, including nine with Mickey Rooney. Garlands most famous role was as Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz and her other roles at MGM included Me

Meet Me in St. Louis
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Meet Me in St. Louis is a musical film made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and released in 1944. The picture stars Judy Garland, Margaret OBrien, Mary Astor, Lucille Bremer, Tom Drake, Leon Ames, Marjorie Main, June Lockhart, the film was directed by Vincente Minnelli, who met Garland on the set and later married her. It was the second-highest grossing pic

Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute
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The school was founded by the noted acting teacher Lee Strasberg in 1969 to teach and promote the techniques of method acting. The Institute has a relationship with the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University, the institute is currently under the artistic direction of Anna Strasberg, Lee Strasbergs widow. Actors Studio Group Theatre Stanisl

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The New York school in 2011

Ethan Hawke
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Ethan Green Hawke is an American actor, writer, and director. He has been nominated for four Academy Awards and a Tony Award, Hawke has directed two feature films, three Off-Broadway plays, and a documentary, and written the novels The Hottest State, Ash Wednesday, and Rules for a Knight. He made his debut in 1985 with the science fiction feature E

John Ritter
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Ritter appeared in hundreds of films and television shows/episodes combined, including It, Problem Child, Problem Child 2, and Bad Santa in 2003. Don Knotts called Ritter the greatest physical comedian on the planet, Ritter died from an aortic dissection on September 11,2003. His death occurred shortly after the production of an episode for the sea

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Ritter at the 1988 Emmy Awards

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John Ritter in 1977

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Ritter's gravestone

Sean Connery
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Sir Thomas Sean Connery is a retired Scottish actor and producer who has won an Academy Award, two BAFTA Awards and three Golden Globes. He was knighted by Elizabeth II in July 2000 after receiving Kennedy Center Honors in the US in 1999, Connery was the first actor to portray the character James Bond in film, starring in seven Bond films between 1

Kate Capshaw
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Kathleen Kate Capshaw Spielberg is an American actress, best known for her portrayal of Willie Scott, an American nightclub singer and performer in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom. During the production of the film, she met director Steven Spielberg, Capshaw was born Kathleen Sue Nail in Fort Worth, Texas, the daughter of Beverley Sue, a trave

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Capshaw in June 1984

Just Cause (film)
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Just Cause is a 1995 suspense crime thriller film directed by Arne Glimcher and starring Sean Connery and Laurence Fishburne. It is based on John Katzenbachs novel of the same name, paul Armstrong, a liberal Harvard professor opposed to capital punishment, is persuaded to go to Florida to investigate the conviction of Bobby Earl Ferguson for murder

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Just Cause

If Lucy Fell
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If Lucy Fell is a 1996 romantic comedy film written and directed by Eric Schaeffer, who also co-stars in the film alongside Sarah Jessica Parker, Ben Stiller and Elle Macpherson. It was released on DVD January 30,2001, a young Scarlett Johansson plays a neighbor / art student of the main couple. Joe MacGonaughgill and Lucy Ackerman are roommates an

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If Lucy Fell

Foster care
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Foster care is a system in which a minor has been placed into a ward, group home, or private home of a state-certified caregiver, referred to as a foster parent. The placement of the child is normally arranged through the government or a service agency. The institution, group home or foster parent is compensated for expenses, the vast majority of c

Aleksa Palladino
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Palladino was born in New York City, where she grew up and worked as an actress. Her debut role was as Lo in the critically acclaimed Manny & Lo opposite Scarlett Johansson, the year 2000 saw the release of Palladinos Red Dirt, followed by the independent film Lonesome, and Storytelling with Selma Blair. She then had guest appearances in Law & Orde

San Francisco Chronicle
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It was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. The paper is owned by the Hearst Corporation, which bought it from the de Young family in 2000. The paper benefited from the growth of San Francisco and was the largest circulation newspaper on the West Coast of the United States by

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Bill German,left, the Chronicle ‍ '​s editor emeritus and Page One Editor Jack Breibart in the newsroom, March 1994

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San Francisco Chronicle CEO John Sias announces the sale of the San Francisco Chronicle to the Hearst Corporation August 6, 1999.

Fall (1997 film)
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Fall is a 1997 film directed by, written by and starring Eric Schaeffer, alongside Amanda de Cadenet. The film was followed by a 2011 sequel After Fall, Winter, Michael Shiver is a cab driver in New York. One day, supermodel Sarah Easton enters his taxi and they have a short, a few days later, he sees her by chance when having dinner with his two c

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Theatrical release poster

Home Alone 3
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Home Alone 3 is a 1997 American family comedy film written and produced by John Hughes. It is the film in the Home Alone series and the first not to feature actor Macaulay Culkin and the cast from the previous films, director Chris Columbus. The film was followed by a sequel, Home Alone 4. The thieves put it inside a control car to sneak it past se

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Theatrical release poster

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Home Alone 3: Music From The Motion Picture

Robert Redford
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Charles Robert Redford Jr. is an American actor, director, producer, businessman, environmentalist, and philanthropist. Redford is the founder of the Sundance Film Festival, Redfords career began in 1960 as a guest star on numerous TV shows, including, The Untouchables, Perry Mason, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, and The Twilight Zone, among others. He

The Horse Whisperer (novel)
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The Horse Whisperer is a 1995 novel by English author Nicholas Evans. The book was his novel, and gained significant success, becoming the 10th best selling novel in the United States in 1995. This also makes it one of the books of all time. The book was made into a film, also titled The Horse Whisperer, directed by and starring Robert Redford. The

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First edition cover

Variety (magazine)
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Variety is a weekly American entertainment trade magazine and website owned by Penske Media Corporation. The last daily printed edition was put out on March 19,2013, Variety originally reported on theater and vaudeville. Variety has been published since December 16,1905, when it was launched by Sime Silverman as a weekly periodical covering vaudevi

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The Variety Building in December 2008.

My Brother the Pig
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My Brother the Pig is a 1999 American fantasy-comedy film, directed by Erik Fleming and starring Scarlett Johansson, Judge Reinhold, Alex D. Linz, and Eva Mendes. A boy named George is magically transformed into a pig, meanwhile, Freud accidentally loses George to a butcher. With Kathy and her friends, they try to rescue George and they are able to

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Theatrical release poster

Coen brothers
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Joel David Coen and Ethan Jesse Coen, collectively referred to as the Coen brothers, are American filmmakers. Their films span many genres and styles, which they frequently subvert or parody and their best-reviewed works include Fargo, The Big Lebowski, No Country for Old Men, A Serious Man, True Grit, and Inside Llewyn Davis. The brothers write, d

Terry Zwigoff
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Terry Zwigoff is an American filmmaker whose work often deals with misfits, antiheroes, and themes of alienation. Zwigoff was born in Appleton, Wisconsin to a Jewish family of dairy farmers, raised in Chicago, Zwigoff moved to San Francisco in the 1970s and met cartoonist Robert Crumb, who shared his interest in pre-war American roots music. Zwigof

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Zwigoff in 2012

Daniel Clowes
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Daniel Gillespie Clowes is an American cartoonist, graphic novelist, illustrator, and screenwriter. Most of Clowess work first appeared in Eightball, an anthology comic book series. Clowes’s illustrations have appeared in The New Yorker, Newsweek, Vogue, The Village Voice, with filmmaker Terry Zwigoff, Clowes adapted Ghost World into a 2001 film an

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Chichester Inscription which reads (in English): "To Neptune and Minerva, for the welfare of the Divine House, by the authority of Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus, Great King in Britain,¹ the college of artificers and those therein erected this temple from their own resources [...]ens, son of Pudentinus, donated the site."

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It was not until February 1973 that The New York Times first used the term, describing how the "moods and tensions" in the British private-eye parody Pulp came "out of the collective depths of the film noir ".

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Manhattan
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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city

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Ryan Reynolds
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Ryan Rodney Reynolds is a Canadian actor. Additionally, he portrayed the Hal Jordan version of the DC Comics superhero Green Lantern in the 2011 film of the same name. Reynolds has also starred in such as National Lampoons Van Wilder, The Amityville Horror, Definitely, Maybe, The Proposal, Buried, The Croods. Ryan Rodney Reynolds was born on October 23,1976 in Vancouver and his father, James Chester Jim Reynolds, was a food wholesaler, and his mother, Tammy, is a retail salesperson. He is of Irish ancestry and was raised as a Roman Catholic, the youngest of four brothers, he graduated from Kitsilano Secondary School in Vancouver in 1994. He attended Kwantlen Polytechnic University, also in Vancouver, until dropping out, Two of his elder brothers work as police officers in British Columbia, one of whom is a Royal Canadian Mounted Police member. Reynolds career began in 1991, when he starred as Billy Simpson in the Canadian-produced teen soap Hillside, in 1996, he co-starred with Melissa Joan Hart in the TV movie Sabrina the Teenage Witch. As an adult, Reynolds starred in the American television series Two Guys, A Girl and a Pizza Place, playing medical student Michael Berg Bergen, in 1993–94 he had a recurring role in The Odyssey as Macro. He also cameoed in Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle as a nurse, appeared in The In-Laws with Michael Douglas and Albert Brooks, as well as in the Canadian production Foolproof. In 2005, he played a waiter named Monty in Waiting. and as music executive Chris Brander in the romantic comedy Just Friends alongside Amy Smart, Reynolds played the protagonist in the 2008 film Definitely, Maybe. He has also appeared in the season finale of the television series Scrubs. In 2007, Reynolds guest-starred as Brendans friend Hams in the episode Douchebag in the City of the TBS sitcom My Boys, in 2009, he portrayed Andrew Paxton, starring opposite Sandra Bullock, in The Proposal, and Mike Connell in Adventureland. Although he has performed primarily in comedies, Reynolds underwent intense training to play an action role as the character of Hannibal King in the 2004 film Blade. Reynolds played George Lutz in the 2005 remake of the 1979 horror film The Amityville Horror, additionally, he played an FBI agent alongside Ray Liotta in the 2006 crime action film Smokin Aces. In 2010, Reynolds starred in the Spanish and American thriller Buried, in June 2010, Reynolds was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Reynolds portrayed the Hal Jordan version of superhero Green Lantern in Warner Bros. film Green Lantern, though the film didnt fare well both financially and critically, this role made him one of the few actors to headline in films based on both Marvel and DC characters. In 2011 he co-starred in the comedy, The Change-Up, as well as being the narrator for the documentary film The Whale, in 2012, he portrayed an agent in Safe House, alongside Denzel Washington. He then had starring roles in two Dreamworks Animation feature films, The Croods and Turbo, both released in 2013 and his next role was in portraying Nick Walker in the Universal Pictures film adaptation of Dark Horse Comics R. I. P. D

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North (1994 film)
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It was shot in Hawaii, Alaska, California, South Dakota, New Jersey, and New York. A boy named North is listening to his parents argue about their problems at the dinner table, North has a panic attack, and begins to lose consciousness. One day, while finding solace in a living room display at a mall, he is visited by a man in a bunny suit who claims to be the Easter Bunny. He realizes that his parents are unable to see his talents while all of the parents in his neighborhood can. The Easter Bunny recommends that North tell his parents how he feels, North then tells his friend Winchell, who works on the school paper, about his plan to possibly divorce himself from his parents. However, he decides to give his parents one last chance by giving them a phone call, when he is blown off by his father, North officially decides to divorce himself from his parents, hiring lawyer Arthur Belt to do so. When the announcement of his divorce is made, his parents are shocked to the point where they are rendered comatose, with no opposition from Norths parents, Judge Buckle gives North one summer to go out and find his new parents or hell be put in an orphanage. Norths first stop is Texas, where he tries to spend time with his first set of new parents. When North notices that they are attempting to fatten him up, they reveal that they want him to be more like their first son, Buck, the last straw comes when his new parents stage a musical number about the horrible things theyre going to do to him. He is later visited by a cowboy named Gabby, who convinces him to look for his new parents somewhere else, before leaving, Gabby gives North a good-bye present, a silver dollar that he shoots a hole in with his gun during a trick. His next stop is Hawaii, where he meets Governor and Mrs. Ho, humiliated, North has a conversation with a metal detector-wielding tourist, realizing that parents should not rely on children for their own personal gain, and subsequently moves to Alaska. There, he settles into an Inuit village with a father and mother, when North decides to leave Alaska, he realizes that his time is short, as the family walked during the six months of daylight and his summer is almost up. Meanwhile, Norths real parents, still comatose, are put on display in a museum, North prepares to move in with a set of Amish parents, but is quickly discouraged by the lack of electricity and leaves in a hurry. After going to Africa, China and Paris, he settles in with a seemingly nice family, the Nelsons. Despite the Nelsons giving North the attention and appreciation he has craved, he still does not feel happy, with the summer deadline fast approaching, North gives up searching for new parents and runs away to New York City. Winchell learns of Norths appearance in New York, with the support of Belt, Winchell plans to have North assassinated and passed off as a martyr. North hides from a hitman hired to kill him when he finds out that his parents have not only snapped out of their comas, they beg their son to forgive them and return home. He meets a comedian named Joey Fingers, who convinces North that a bird in the hand is always greener than the grass under the other guys bushes and he drives North to an airport so that he can reunite with his parents

North (1994 film)
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Theatrical release poster

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Independent Spirit Award
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The Film Independent Spirit Awards, founded in 1984, are awards dedicated to independent filmmakers. Winners were typically presented with acrylic glass pyramids containing suspended shoestrings representing the paltry budgets of independent films, in 1986, the event was renamed the Independent Spirit Awards. Since 2006, winners have received a trophy depicting a bird with its wings spread sitting atop of a pole with the shoestrings from the previous design wrapped around the pole, Film Independent Members vote to determine the winners of the Spirit Awards. The awards show is held inside a tent on the beach in Santa Monica, California, the show is broadcast live on the IFC network, as well as Hollywood Suite in Canada and A&E Latin America. The 32nd Independent Spirit Awards ceremony, hosted by Nick Kroll and John Mulaney, was broadcast live on IFC on Saturday, official website Film Independent Film Independents channel on YouTube Film Independent at the Internet Movie Database Independent Spirit Awards at the Internet Movie Database

Independent Spirit Award
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Film Independent's Spirit Awards

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The Horse Whisperer (film)
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The Horse Whisperer is a 1998 American drama film directed by and starring Robert Redford, based on the 1995 novel The Horse Whisperer by Nicholas Evans. Redford plays the role, a talented trainer with a remarkable gift for understanding horses. Teenager Grace MacLean and her best friend Judith go out early one morning to ride their horses, Pilgrim. As they ride up an icy slope, Gulliver slips and hits Pilgrim, both horses fall, dragging the girls onto a road and colliding with a truck. Judith and Gulliver are killed, while Grace and Pilgrim are both severely injured, Grace, left with a partially amputated right leg, is bitter and withdrawn after the accident. Meanwhile, Pilgrim is traumatized and uncontrollable to the extent that it is suggested he be put down, Graces mother, Annie, a strong-minded and workaholic magazine editor, refuses to allow Pilgrim to be put down, sensing that somehow Graces recovery is linked with Pilgrims. Desperate for a way to heal both Grace and Pilgrim, Annie tracks down a horse whisperer, Tom Booker, in the remote Montana mountains, Tom agrees to help, but only if Grace also takes part in the process. Grace reluctantly agrees, and she and Annie go to stay at the Booker ranch where Tom lives with his brother, as Pilgrim and Grace slowly overcome their trauma, Annie and Tom begin to develop a mutual attraction. However, they are reluctant to act on these feelings – Annie is married and Tom had his heart broken before. Tom also asks Grace to tell him about what happened with her, at first, Grace is reluctant, but eventually gathers up her courage, and tearfully tells him about the accident. The status quo between Annie and Tom is broken when Robert MacLean, Graces father and Annies husband, unexpectedly shows up at the ranch, Annie is increasingly torn by her feelings for Tom and her love for her family. Soon, with Toms help, Grace finally takes the last step to heal herself, although Annie wishes she could stay with Tom on the ranch, she also knows that she belongs to the city, just like Toms wife. Annie departs, driving away from the ranch, while Tom watches her go from the top of a hill, although he had already directed several films, this was the first time Robert Redford directed a film that he also starred in. The main character, according to writer Nicholas Evans, is modeled after horse whisperers Tom Dorrance, Ray Hunt and, in particular, Brannaman also doubled for Robert Redford in the film and served as the consultant. Evans himself said, Others have claimed to be the inspiration for Tom Booker in The Horse Whisperer, the one who truly inspired me was Buck Brannaman. His skill, understanding and his gentle, loving heart have parted the clouds for countless troubled creatures, Buck is the Zen master of the horse world. Nicholas Evans writes, I spent many weeks traveling across the West, Tom Dorrance and Ray Hunt were quite elderly at the time Evans met them, Brannaman is still a relatively young man. The horse training methods shown are not entirely without controversy, while Brannaman was the on-site technical consultant, he did not have creative control

The Horse Whisperer (film)
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Theatrical release poster

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Ghost World (film)
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Ghost World is a 2001 American black comedy film directed by Terry Zwigoff, based on the comic book of the same name by Daniel Clowes, with a screenplay co-written by Clowes and Zwigoff. The story focuses on the lives of Enid and Rebecca, two teenage outsiders in an unnamed American city, best friends Enid and Rebecca face the summer after their high school graduation. The girls are social outcasts, but Rebecca is more popular with boys than Enid, Enids diploma is withheld on the condition that she attend a remedial art class. Even though she is a talented artist, her art teacher, Roberta, believes that art must be socially meaningful, the girls see a personal ad in which a lonely, middle-aged man named Seymour asks a woman he met recently to contact him. Enid makes a phone call to Seymour, pretending to be the woman. The two girls and their friend, Josh, secretly watch Seymour at the diner and make fun of him, Enid soon begins to feel sympathy for Seymour, and they follow him to his apartment building. Later they find him selling vintage records in a garage sale, Enid buys an old blues album from him, and they become friends. She decides to try to find women for him to date, Enid presents the poster in class as a social comment about racism, and Roberta is so impressed with the concept that she offers Enid a scholarship to an art college. Seymour receives a call from Dana, the intended recipient of his personal ad. Enid encourages him to pursue a relationship with Dana, but she becomes jealous when he does so. Enid and Rebeccas lives start to diverge, while Enid has been spending time with Seymour, Rebecca has found a job at a coffee shop and has become more interested in clothing and boys. Enid also finds a job so she can afford to rent an apartment with Rebecca, the girls argue, and Rebecca abandons the idea of living with Enid. At the end of the summer, Enid and Seymours lives fall apart, when Enids poster is displayed in an art show, school officials find it so offensive they force Roberta to give her a failing grade and revoke the scholarship. Enid turns to Seymour for solace, resulting in a drunken one-night stand, Seymour breaks up with Dana, and is called to account at work when the Coon Chicken poster is publicized in a local newspaper. He unsuccessfully tries to contact Enid, only for Rebecca to tell him about Enids prank phone call, Seymour is upset and ends up in a violent confrontation with Josh, resulting in his being injured and hospitalized. Enid visits him in an effort to apologize, causing him to realize that he has no chance of any kind of future with her, Enid gives in to her childhood fantasy of running away from home and disappearing. She has seen an old man, Norman, continually waiting at a bus stop for a bus that will never come. Enid sits next to him, and Norman boards an out-of-service bus, the next day, while Seymour discusses the summers events with his therapist, Enid returns to the bus stop and boards the out-of-service bus when it arrives

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Girl with a Pearl Earring (film)
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Girl with a Pearl Earring is a 2003 drama film directed by Peter Webber. The screenplay was adapted by screenwriter Olivia Hetreed, based on the novel of the name by Tracy Chevalier. Other cast members include Tom Wilkinson, Cillian Murphy, and Judy Parfitt, Hetreed read the novel before its publication, and her husbands production company convinced Chevalier to sell the film rights. Initially, the production was to feature Kate Hudson as Griet with Mike Newell directing, Hudson withdrew shortly before filming began, however, and the film was placed in hiatus until the hire of Webber, who re-initiated the casting process. In this, which was his film debut, Webber sought to avoid employing traditional characteristics of the period film drama. Cinematographer Eduardo Serra used distinctive lighting and colour similar to Vermeers paintings. Released on 12 December 2003 in North America and on 16 January 2004 in the United Kingdom and it garnered a mostly positive critical reception, with a 72% approval rating from Rotten Tomatoes. Critics generally applauded the films visuals and performances while questioning elements of its story, the film was subsequently nominated for ten British Academy Film Awards, three Academy Awards, and two Golden Globe Awards. Griet is a shy girl living in the Dutch Republic in 1665 and her father, a Delftware painter, has recently gone blind, rendering him unable to work and putting his family in a precarious financial situation. To help matters, Griet is sent to work as a maid in the household of famed painter Johannes Vermeer, Griet works hard, almost wordlessly, in the lowest position in a harsh hierarchy, doing her best despite spiteful treatment by one of Vermeers children. While she is on a shopping trip outside the house. As Griet cleans Vermeers studio, which his wife Catharina never enters, in contrast, Vermeers pragmatic mother-in-law, Maria Thins, sees Griet as useful to Vermeers career. Vermeers rich patron, Van Ruijven, notices Griet on a visit to the Vermeer household and asks the painter if he will give her up to work in his own house, Vermeer refuses, but accepts a commission to paint a portrait of Griet for Van Ruijven. As Vermeer secretly works on the painting, Catharina cannot help but notice something is amiss. As Griet deals with her growing fascination with Vermeer and his talent, soon afterwards, Catharinas mother summons Griet, hands over her daughters pearl earrings, and instructs Griet to finish the painting while Catharina is away for the day. At the final painting session Vermeer pierces Griets earlobe so she can wear one of the earrings for the portrait. They caress and make love in a barn, afterwards, Pieter proposes marriage, but unexpectedly leaves. She then returns the earrings to Catharinas mother, Catharina discovers that Griet used her earrings, accuses her mother of complicity, and demands Vermeer show her the painting of Griet

Girl with a Pearl Earring (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Girl with a Pearl Earring (film)
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Vermeer's original painting, Girl with a Pearl Earring from 1665
Girl with a Pearl Earring (film)
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Scarlett Johansson dyed her eyebrows to better resemble the subject of Vermeer's painting.
Girl with a Pearl Earring (film)
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The filmmakers studied Vermeer works such as The Little Street

8.
Lost in Translation (film)
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Lost in Translation is a 2003 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Sofia Coppola. It was her feature film after The Virgin Suicides. It stars Bill Murray as aging actor Bob Harris, who befriends college graduate Charlotte in a Tokyo hotel, Murray and Johansson each won a BAFTA award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and Best Actress in a Leading Role respectively. The film was a success, grossing $119 million on a budget of $4 million. It is now regarded as one of the best films of the 2000s. Bob Harris, an aging American movie star, arrives in Tokyo to film an advertisement for Suntory whisky, Charlotte, a young college graduate, is left in her hotel room by her husband, John, a celebrity photographer on assignment in Tokyo. Charlotte is unsure of her future with John, feeling detached from his lifestyle, Bobs own 25-year marriage is strained as he goes through a midlife crisis. Each day, Bob and Charlotte encounter each other in the hotel, eventually Charlotte invites Bob to meet with some local friends of hers. The two bond through a fun night in Tokyo, welcomed without prejudice by Charlottes friends and experiencing Japanese nightlife, in the days that follow, Bob and Charlottes platonic relationship develops as they spend more time together. One night, each unable to sleep, the two share a conversation about Charlottes personal troubles and Bobs married life. On the penultimate night of his stay, Bob sleeps with the bars female jazz singer. The next morning Charlotte arrives at his room to him for lunch and overhears the woman in his room. Later that night, during an alarm at the hotel, Bob and Charlotte reconcile. The following morning, Bob is set to return to the United States and he tells Charlotte goodbye at the hotel lobby and sadly watches her walk back to the elevator. In a taxi to the airport, Bob sees Charlotte on a street and gets out. He embraces the tearful Charlotte and whispers something in her ear, the two share a kiss, say goodbye and Bob departs. Bob, a Japanese director, and an interpreter are on a set, in several exchanges, the director gives lengthy, impassioned directives in Japanese. These are invariably followed by brief, incomplete translations from the interpreter, in addition to the meaning and detail lost in the translation of the directors words, the two central characters in the film—Bob and Charlotte—are also lost in other ways

Lost in Translation (film)
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Theatrical release poster

9.
Golden Globe Awards
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama

Golden Globe Awards
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The Golden Globe statuette

10.
A Love Song for Bobby Long
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A Love Song for Bobby Long is a 2004 American drama film written and directed by Shainee Gabel. The screenplay is based on the novel Off Magazine Street by Ronald Everett Capps, set in New Orleans, Louisiana, the film stars John Travolta and Scarlett Johansson. She was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama for her performance and her mother Lorraine was a jazz singer, whom Pursy felt neglected her for her career. Pursy had dropped out of school and left the city. Both men are heavy drinkers and smokers and they pass time quoting poets, playing chess, and spending time with the neighbors, Long also sings country-folk songs. The two convince Pursy that her left the house to all three of them. Pursy moves in, acting as the most responsible member of the dysfunctional family. The mens efforts to drive her away decline as they grow fond of her. Lawson is attracted to her but hesitates to become involved, the three have memories of Lorraine, especially Pursy, who feels that her mother ignored her to pursue her jazz career. When she finds a cache of letters her mother wrote to her but never mailed, Pursy learns more about how Lorraine felt about her, purslane Will Gabriel Macht. Lawson Pines Deborah Kara Unger. Lee According to the credits, it was shot on location in New Orleans. The title track, A Love Song For Bobby Long, is by Grayson Capps, the senior Capps wrote the novel that was adapted for the film. The film premiered at the Venice Film Festival in September 2004, in order to qualify for Academy Award consideration, it opened on eight screens in New York City and Los Angeles on December 29,2004, earning $28,243 on its opening weekend. It played in 24 theaters in the US at its widest release and it eventually grossed $164,308 domestically and $1,676,952 in foreign markets for a total worldwide box office of $1,841,260. Stephen Holden of The New York Times said, t dawdles along aimlessly for nearly two hours before coming up with a revelation that is no surprise. Its unusual to find an American movie that takes its time and its remarkable to listen to dialogue that assumes the audience is well-read. It is refreshing to hear literate conversation and these are modest pleasures, but real enough. A lovely noble rot pervades the film in much the way that it does the city

A Love Song for Bobby Long
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Original poster

11.
Match Point
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Match Point is a 2005 psychological thriller film written and directed by Woody Allen, starring Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Scarlett Johansson, Emily Mortimer, Matthew Goode, Brian Cox, and Penelope Wilton. Rhys Meyerss character marries into a family, but his social position is threatened by his affair with his brother-in-laws girlfriend. The film treats themes of morality, greed, and the roles of lust, money and it was produced and filmed in London after Allen had difficulty finding financial support for the film in New York. The agreement obliged him to make it there using a cast, Allen quickly re-wrote the script, which was originally set in New York, for a British setting. Critics in the United States praised the film and its British setting, in contrast, reviewers from the United Kingdom treated Match Point less favourably, finding fault with the locations and, especially, the idiom of the dialogue. Allen was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, Chris Wilton, a recently retired tennis professional, is taken on as an instructor at an upmarket club in London. He strikes up a friendship with a pupil, Tom Hewett. Toms older sister, Chloe, is smitten with Chris and the two begin dating, during a family gathering, Chris meets Toms American fiancée, Nola Rice, and they are instantly attracted to each other. Toms mother, Eleanor, does not approve of her sons relationship with Nola, a struggling actress, which is a source of tension in the family. Chloe encourages her father, Alec, to give Chris a job as an executive in one of his companies, he begins to be accepted into the family, during a storm, after having her choice of profession attacked by Eleanor, Nola leaves the house to be alone. Chris follows Nola outside and confesses his feelings for her, feeling guilty, Nola treats this as an accident, Chris, however, wants an ongoing clandestine relationship. Chris and Chloe marry, but Tom ends his relationship with Nola, Chloe, to her distress, does not become pregnant immediately. Chris vainly tries to track down Nola, but meets her by some time later at the Tate Modern. He discreetly asks for her number and they begin an affair, while Chris is spending time with his wifes family, Nola calls to inform him that she is pregnant. Panicked, Chris asks her to get an abortion, but she refuses, Chris becomes distant from Chloe, who suspects he is having an affair, which he denies. Nola urges Chris to divorce his wife, and he feels trapped, Nola confronts him at his work and he just barely escapes public detection. Soon after, Chris takes a shotgun from his father-in-laws home, on leaving, he calls Nola on her mobile to tell her he has good news for her. He goes to Nolas building and gains entry into the apartment of her neighbor and he shoots and kills her, then stages a burglary by ransacking the room and stealing some jewelry and drugs

12.
The Prestige (film)
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Its story follows Robert Angier and Alfred Borden, rival stage magicians in London at the end of the 19th century. Obsessed with creating the best stage illusion, they engage in competitive one-upmanship with tragic results, the film stars Hugh Jackman as Robert Angier, Christian Bale as Alfred Borden, and David Bowie as Nikola Tesla. It also stars Michael Caine, Scarlett Johansson, Piper Perabo, Andy Serkis, the film was released on October 20,2006, receiving positive reviews and strong box office results, and received Academy Award nominations for Best Cinematography and Best Art Direction. Along with The Illusionist and Scoop, The Prestige was one of three released in 2006 to explore the world of stage magicians. In early 1900s London, magician Robert Angier performs his trick, The Real Transported Man, rival magician Alfred Borden, in disguise, sneaks under the stage. At the tricks culmination, Angier drops through a door and into a waiting water tank. At Bordens murder trial, Angiers ingénieur John Cutter testifies how Borden pushed the water tank under the door to catch. In prison, Borden is visited by an agent of Lord Caldlow, as a show of good faith, Caldlow gives Borden a copy of Angiers diary, which Borden reads. In flashback, Angier and Borden work as shills for Milton the Magician, alongside ingénieur John Cutter and assistant Julia, miltons famous trick is the water tank trick, where Julia is bound in ropes and dropped in a water tank from which she frees herself and escapes. Borden, with Julias consent, ties her hands with a secure yet slip knot. Julia fails to slip the knot and drowns, devastating Angier, Borden launches a solo magic career and hires the silent, mysterious Fallon as his ingénieur. Borden courts and eventually marries Sarah, who gives birth to their daughter, at his first show, Bordens bullet catch trick is sabotaged by Angier, and Borden loses two fingers. Angier launches his own career, hiring Olivia Wenscombe as his assistant. During the finale of Angiers show, a disguised Borden sabotages Angiers bird cage act, Angier discovers and subsequently steals Bordens fantastic trick The Transported Man, where Borden instantly travels between two wardrobes on opposite ends of a stage. Cutter and Olivia groom Root, an actor, into a double for Angier to mimic his appearance. The New Transported Man is a success, but Angier is displeased. Obsessed with Bordens secret, Angier orders Olivia to spy on him, instead, she revamps Bordens act, making it more successful. Borden subsequently sabotages Angiers show, humiliating him and leaving him with a permanent limp, Angier confronts Olivia, who confesses to loving Borden before giving Angier a copy of Bordens diary, its contents scrambled by a coded cipher

The Prestige (film)
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Theatrical release poster
The Prestige (film)
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The historic Tower Theatre in Los Angeles was used as the location for the Pantages Theatre in London

13.
Vicky Cristina Barcelona
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Vicky Cristina Barcelona is a 2008 romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Woody Allen. The film was shot in Spain in Barcelona, Avilés and Oviedo, Cruz won both the Academy Award and BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. Altogether, the film won 25 out of 56 nominations, Vicky and Cristina visit Barcelona for the summer, staying with Vickys distant relative Judy and her husband Mark. At an art exhibition, Cristina is intrigued by artist Juan Antonio, Cristina is won over by the offer almost at once, but Vicky is unimpressed and reluctant, she however eventually decides to accompany her friend anyway, mainly to watch over her. At the end of their first day, Vicky refuses to join Juan Antonio in his room, citing her fidelity to Doug. Before the love-making starts, Cristina suddenly falls ill with digestive complaints, Vicky and Juan Antonio proceed to spend the weekend together alone while they wait for Cristina to recuperate. Vicky gradually changes her opinion of Juan Antonio as he tells her about his tumultuous relationship with his former wife, Vicky accompanies him to visit his father, an old poet, and then becomes deeply moved by a Spanish guitar performance later that evening. She finally succumbs to Juan Antonios advances as they walk through a grove of trees in the dark, the next day, with Cristina recovered, the three of them fly back to Barcelona. Feeling guilty, Vicky does not mention the incident to Cristina, Vicky starts throwing herself into her studies while Cristina and Juan Antonio take up a relationship. Cristina then moves in with Juan Antonio and begins to more about his past. After learning that María Elena attempted to kill herself, Juan Antonio brings her to his home, after some defiance, the two women grow fond of each other. Cristina realizes that the ex-spouses are still in love, and María Elena suggests that Cristina may be the element that can give balance, all three become romantically involved with one another. In the meantime, Vicky is joined in Spain by an enthusiastic Doug, learning that Judy is similarly unhappy in her marriage, she confides to her, and Judy, who sees her younger self in Vicky, decides to bring Juan Antonio and Vicky together. Meanwhile, Cristina becomes restless and at some point decides to leave Juan Antonio and María Elena, without her, as the summer winds to a close, Judy arranges for Juan Antonio and Vicky to meet at a party. Juan Antonio begs Vicky to meet him again privately before leaving Spain, at his home, Juan Antonio seduces and wins Vicky over again, but they are interrupted by María Elena who bursts in with a gun, firing wildly as Juan Antonio tries to calm her. Vicky gets shot in the hand in the process, and leaves, shouting they are insane and she confesses the entire story to Cristina, who never realized how Vicky felt about Juan Antonio, and wishes she could have helped her. This was the third time Johansson and Allen worked together, following Match Point and this film also marked the second time Johansson and Hall worked together, the first time being in The Prestige. The movie featured several paintings by the Catalan artist Agustí Puig, as of July 2009, the film grossed $96 million worldwide, in relation to its $15 million budget, it is one of Allens most profitable films

Vicky Cristina Barcelona
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Theatrical release poster

14.
Anywhere I Lay My Head
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Anywhere I Lay My Head is the debut studio album by American actress Scarlett Johansson, released on May 16,2008 by Atco Records. Johansson recorded the album over five weeks in spring 2007 at Dockside Studios in Maurice and it was produced by Dave Sitek of TV on the Radio and includes collaborations with David Bowie and members of Yeah Yeah Yeahs and Celebration. Anywhere I Lay My Head contains four songs written by Tom Waits, six songs written by Waits and his wife Kathleen Brennan, upon release, the album received mixed reviews from critics, and saw moderate commercial success. Falling Down was released as the lead single. Anywhere I Lay My Head received mixed reviews from music critics, at Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 58, based on 35 reviews, indicating mixed or average reviews. Nevertheless, Wood opined the album is ot your typical Hollywood vanity project, chris Willman of Entertainment Weekly remarked, In burying Johanssons vocals so deeply in the druggy ambiance, producer David Andrew Sitek means well but ends up obscuring Waits great tunes. Stephen M. Thats more than enough to avoid catastrophe, rolling Stones Will Hermes critiqued that Johanssons voice is unremarkable and her pitch sometimes unsteady, dubbing her a faintly goth Marilyn Monroe lost in a sonic fog. Alex Denney of Drowned in Sound concluded, Perversely given the records comprehensive musical overhaul its perhaps a surfeit of respect for the material that proves Anywhere. Anywhere I Lay My Head debuted at number 126 on the Billboard 200, the album fared better in Europe, reaching number 15 in Switzerland, number 25 in Austria, number 26 in France, number 27 in Sweden, and number 30 in Belgium and Germany. By August 2009, the album had sold about 25,000 copies worldwide, credits adapted from the liner notes of Anywhere I Lay My Head

Anywhere I Lay My Head
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Anywhere I Lay My Head

15.
Break Up (album)
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Break Up is a collaborative album between Pete Yorn and Scarlett Johansson. The first single, Relator was released as a download on May 25,2009. The full album was released by Atco and Rhino on September 15,2009, the record was certified platinum in France. The album was recorded in 2006, thus preceding several albums that Yorn, Johansson completed her vocals for the project in two afternoon sessions. Yorn said that the concept for the album was realized in a dream he had, the project was inspired by Serge Gainsbourgs 1967 and 1968 albums with Brigitte Bardot. It perfectly captured where I was in my life at the time, during 2009, Yorn stated that he would like to do some live shows with Johansson to promote the album. By September 10 that year, Johansson and Yorn performed Relator on the French television show Le Grand Journal and it was Johanssons first live performance on television. They also stated that they would like to tour, but because the time the songs give them to perform. The album was rated a 52/100 among professional critics on Metacritic. All tracks written by Pete Yorn, except where noted, CD2 includes live versions recorded at The Village Recorder in Los Angeles on October 7,2009. Originally broadcast on KCRWs Morning Becomes Eclectic with Jason Bentley and this CD was launched like the Live At KCRW. Com EP on Amazon. com, and after included in Break Up. This enhanced CD also includes Relator video

Break Up (album)
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Break Up

16.
Billboard 200
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The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during at least one week. The chart is based mostly on sales of albums in the United States, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but since July 2015, tracking week begins on Friday and ends on Thursday. A new chart is published the following Tuesday with an issue post-dated to the Saturday of the following week, the charts streaming schedule is also tracked from Friday to Thursday. Example, Friday January 1 – sales tracking week begins Thursday January 7 – sales tracking week ends Tuesday January 12 – new chart published, New product is released to the American market on Fridays. Digital downloads of albums are included in Billboard 200 tabulation. Albums that are not licensed for sale in the United States are not eligible to chart. As of the issue dated April 15,2017, the album on the Billboard 200 is More Life by Drake. Billboard began an album chart in 1945, initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly, 15-position Best-Selling Popular Albums chart appeared in 1955, the position count varied anywhere from 10 to 30 albums. The first number-one album on the new weekly list was Belafonte by Harry Belafonte, the chart was renamed to Best-Selling Pop Albums later in 1956, and then to Best-Selling Pop LPs in 1957. Beginning on May 25,1959, Billboard split the ranking into two charts Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs for stereo albums and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs for mono albums and these were renamed to Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts in 1960. In January 1961, they became Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic, three months later, they became Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural. On August 17,1963 the stereo and mono charts were combined into a 150-position chart called Top LPs, on April 1,1967, the chart was expanded to 175 positions, then finally to 200 positions on May 13,1967. In 1960, Billboard began concurrently publishing album charts which ranked sales of older or mid-priced titles and these Essential Inventory charts were divided by stereo and mono albums, and featured titles that had already appeared on the main stereo and mono album charts. In January 1961, the Action Charts became Action Albums—Monophonic, Albums appeared on either chart for up to nine weeks, then were moved to an Essential Inventory list of approximately 200 titles, with no numerical ranking. This list continued to be published until the consolidated Top LPs chart debuted in 1963, in 1982, Billboard began publishing a Midline Albums chart which ranked older or mid-priced titles. The chart held 50 positions and was published on a bi-weekly basis, on May 25,1991, Billboard premiered the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart

Billboard 200
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Contents

17.
A View from the Bridge
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A View from the Bridge is written by American playwright Arthur Miller, first staged on September 29,1955, as a one-act verse drama with A Memory of Two Mondays at the Coronet Theatre on Broadway. The play was unsuccessful and Miller subsequently revised the play to two acts, this version is the one with which audiences are most familiar today. The two-act version premiered in the New Watergate theatre club in Londons West End under the direction of Peter Brook on October 11,1956, the play is set in 1950s America, in an Italian American neighborhood near the Brooklyn Bridge in New York. It employs a chorus and narrator in the character of Alfieri, Eddie, the tragic protagonist, has an improper love of, and almost obsession with, Catherine, his wife Beatrices orphaned niece, so he does not approve of her courtship of Beatrices cousin Rodolfo. Kazan later directed On the Waterfront, which dealt with the same subject, Miller said that he heard the basic account that developed into the plot of A View from the Bridge from a lawyer who worked with longshoremen, who related it to him as a true story. The action is narrated by Alfieri who, being raised in 1900s Italy but now working as an American lawyer, represents the Bridge between the two cultures. But there are exceptions, and he begins to narrate the story of Eddie Carbone. Eddie is a man who, although ostensibly protective and fatherly towards Catherine. We learn that he has not had sex with his wife for three months. Beatrice is more supportive of Catherines ventures and persuades Eddie to let her take the job, Eddie returns home one afternoon with the news that Beatrices two cousins, brothers Marco and Rodolpho, have safely arrived in New York as illegal immigrants. He has agreed to them saying that he is honoured to be able to help family. Marco is quiet and thoughtful, possessing a remarkable strength, whereas Rodolpho is more unconventional, Marco has a family starving in Italy and plans to return after working illegally for several years, whereas Rodolpho intends to stay. Although Eddie, Beatrice, and Catherine are at first excellent hosts, cracks appear when Rodolpho, Eddie convinces himself that Rodolpho is homosexual and is only expressing interest in Catherine so he can marry her and gain status as a legal citizen. He confronts Catherine with his beliefs and she turns to Beatrice for advice, Beatrice, starting to realize Eddies true feelings, tells her that she should marry Rodolpho and move out. In the meantime, Eddie turns to Alfieri, hoping for help from the law, however, Alfieri tells him that the only recourse he has is to report Rodolpho and Marco as undocumented. Seeing no solution to his problem, Eddie becomes increasingly desperate and takes his anger out on Rodolpho and, in teaching him to box, Marco reacts by quietly threatening Eddie, showing his strength by holding a heavy chair above Eddies head with one hand. Act 2 – A few months have passed and Eddie reaches a point when he discovers that Catherine. Drunk, he kisses Catherine and then attempts to prove that Rodolpho is gay by suddenly and passionately kissing him also, after a violent confrontation, Eddie orders Rodolpho to leave the apartment

A View from the Bridge
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First edition cover.

18.
Marvel Cinematic Universe
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The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series and digital series. The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, clark Gregg has appeared the most in the franchise, portraying Phil Coulson, a character original to the MCU. The first film released in the MCU was Iron Man, which began the first phase of films culminating in the crossover film Marvels The Avengers, Phase Two began with Iron Man 3, and concluded with Ant-Man. The films are currently in Phase Three, which began with the release of Captain America, Marvel Television expanded the universe further, first to network television with Marvels Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D. Marvel Television has also produced the digital series Marvels Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D, slingshot, which is a supplement to Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D. Soundtrack albums have been released for all of the films, along many of television series. It has inspired film and television studios with comic book character adaptation rights to attempt to create similar shared universes. By 2005, Marvel Entertainment began planning to produce its own films. Previously, Marvel had co-produced several superhero films with Columbia Pictures, New Line Cinema and others, Marvel made relatively little profit from its licensing deals with other studios and wanted to get more money out of its films while maintaining artistic control of the projects and distribution. Avi Arad, head of Marvels film division, was pleased with Sam Raimis Spider-Man films at Sony, as a result, they decided to form Marvel Studios, Hollywoods first major independent movie studio since DreamWorks. Feige, a self-professed fanboy, envisioned creating a shared universe just as creators Stan Lee, to raise capital, the studio secured funding from a seven-year, $525 million revolving credit facility with Merrill Lynch. Marvels plan was to release films for their main characters. Arad, who doubted the strategy yet insisted that it was his reputation that helped secure the initial financing, in 2007, at 33 years old, Feige was named studio chief. Feige initially referred to the narrative continuity of these films as the Marvel Cinema Universe. Marvel has designated the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Earth-199999 within the continuity of the companys multiverse, while not always the case, as evident by the 2013 releases of Iron Man 3 and Thor, The Dark World, he said it is certainly something to aim for. Feige expanded on this in July 2014, saying, I dont know that well keep to every year, wed rather find a way to keep that going. After the titles were revealed in October 2014, Feige said, which made us comfortable for the first time. To increase to three films a year instead of just two, without changing our methods, just like comic readers have been doing for decades and decades

Marvel Cinematic Universe
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Kevin Feige was an early visionary for the franchise, realizing a shared media universe could be created with properties Marvel owned.
Marvel Cinematic Universe
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Marvel Cinematic Universe intertitle from Marvel Studios: Assembling a Universe (2014).
Marvel Cinematic Universe
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Joss Whedon was a large contributor to Phase Two, offering creative insight to all the films leading up to Avengers: Age of Ultron, as well as launching the first live-action television series for the universe, Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.

19.
Her (film)
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Her is a 2013 American romantic science-fiction drama film written, directed, and produced by Spike Jonze. It marks Jonzes solo screenwriting debut, the film follows Theodore Twombly, a man who develops a relationship with Samantha, an intelligent computer operating system personified through a female voice. The film also stars Amy Adams, Rooney Mara, and Olivia Wilde, Jonze conceived the idea in the early 2000s after reading an article about a website that allowed for instant messaging with an artificial intelligence program. After making Im Here, a film sharing similar themes. He wrote the first draft of the script in five months, principal photography took place in Los Angeles and Shanghai in mid-2012. The role of Samantha was recast in post-production, with Samantha Morton being replaced with Johansson, additional scenes were filmed in August 2013 following the casting change. Her premiered at the 2013 New York Film Festival on October 12,2013, Warner Bros. initially provided a limited release for Her at six theaters on December 18. It was later given a release at over 1,700 theaters in the United States. Her received widespread acclaim upon its release, and grossed over $47 million worldwide on a production budget of $23 million. The film received awards and nominations, primarily for Jonzes screenplay. At the 86th Academy Awards, Her received five nominations, including Best Picture, Jonze also won awards for his screenplay at the 71st Golden Globe Awards, the 66th Writers Guild of America Awards, the 19th Critics Choice Awards, and the 40th Saturn Awards. Unhappy because of his divorce from his childhood sweetheart Catherine, Theodore purchases a talking operating system with artificial intelligence, designed to adapt. He decides that he wants the OS to have a female voice, Theodore is fascinated by her ability to learn and grow psychologically. They bond over their discussions about love and life, such as Theodores avoidance of signing his divorce papers because of his reluctance to let go of Catherine, Samantha proves to be constantly available, always curious and interested, supportive and undemanding. Samantha convinces Theodore to go on a date with a woman, with whom a friend. The date goes well, but Theodore hesitates to promise when he see her again, so she insults him. Theodore mentions this to Samantha, and they talk about relationships, Theodore explains that, although he and Amy dated briefly in college, they are only good friends, and that Amy is married. Theodores and Samanthas intimacy grows through a sexual encounter

20.
Under the Skin (2013 film)
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Under the Skin is a 2013 science fiction film directed and co-written by Jonathan Glazer loosely based on Michel Fabers 2000 novel of the same name. The film stars Scarlett Johansson as a woman who preys on men in Scotland. Glazer and cowriter Walter Campbell developed Under the Skin for a decade, most of the characters were played by non-actors, including road racer Jeremy McWilliams, many scenes were unscripted conversations filmed with hidden cameras on the street. It competed for the Golden Lion at the 70th Venice International Film Festival in 2013, though Under the Skin was a box office failure, it received positive reviews, particularly for Johanssons performance, Glazers direction, and Mica Levis score. It received multiple awards and was named one of 2014s best films by several publications, in Glasgow, a motorcyclist retrieves an inert young woman from the roadside and places her in the back of a van, where a naked woman dons her clothes. After buying clothes and make-up at a mall, the woman drives the van around Scotland. She lures a man into a dilapidated house, as he undresses, following the woman into a void, he is submerged in a liquid abyss. At a beach, the attempts to pick up a swimmer. The swimmer rescues the husband, but he rushes back into the water to save the wife, the woman strikes the swimmers head with a rock, drags him to the van, and drives away, ignoring the couples distraught baby. Later that night, the motorcyclist retrieves the swimmers belongings, ignoring the baby, the next day, the woman listens to a radio report about the missing family. The woman visits a nightclub and picks up another man, at the house, he follows her into the void and is submerged in the liquid. Suspended beneath the surface, he sees the swimmer floating naked beside him, alive but bloated, when he reaches to touch him, the swimmers body collapses and a red mass empties through a trough. The woman seduces a man with facial disfigurement but lets him leave after examining herself in a mirror. The motorcyclist intercepts the man and bundles him into a car, in the Scottish Highlands, the woman abandons the van in the fog. She walks to a restaurant and attempts to eat cake, but retches, at a bus stop, she meets a man who offers to help her. At his house, they watch television and eat, and she attempts to tap her finger to music, alone in her room, she examines her body in a mirror. They visit a castle, where the man carries her over a puddle. At his house, they kiss and begin to have sex, wandering in a forest, the woman meets a commercial logger and shelters in a bothy

Under the Skin (2013 film)
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Parts of Under the Skin were shot at Tantallon Castle in East Lothian, Scotland.
Under the Skin (2013 film)
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Theatrical release poster
Under the Skin (2013 film)
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Mica Levi performing with Micachu and the Shapes in 2009.

21.
Psychokinetic
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Psychokinesis, or telekinesis, is an alleged psychic ability allowing a person to influence a physical system without physical interaction. Psychokinesis experiments have historically been criticized for lack of proper controls, there is no convincing evidence that psychokinesis is a real phenomenon, and the topic is generally regarded as pseudoscience. The word psychokinesis was coined in 1914 by American author Henry Holt in his book On the Cosmic Relations. The term is a blend or portmanteau of the Greek language words ψυχή – meaning mind, soul, spirit, or breath – and κίνησις – meaning motion. Rhine coined the term extra-sensory perception to describe receiving information paranormally from an external source, following this, he used the term psychokinesis in 1934 to describe mentally influencing external objects or events without the use of physical energy. His initial example of psychokinesis was experiments that were conducted to determine whether a person could influence the outcome of falling dice. The word telekinesis, a portmanteau of the Greek τῆλε – meaning distance –, in September 2006, a survey about belief in various religious and paranormal topics conducted by phone and mail-in questionnaire polled 1,721 Americans on their belief in telekinesis. Of these participants, 28% of male participants and 31% of female participants selected agree or strongly agree with the statement, It is possible to influence the world through the mind alone. Some phenomena – such as apports, levitation, materialization, psychic healing, pyrokinesis, retrocausality, telekinesis, in 2016, Caroline Watt stated Overall, the majority of academic parapsychologists do not find the evidence compelling in favour of macro-PK. There have been claimants of psychokinetic ability throughout history, angelique Cottin known as the Electric Girl of France was an alleged generator of PK activity. Cottin and her family claimed that she produced electric emanations that allowed her to pieces of furniture. Spiritualist mediums have also claimed psychokinetic abilities, eusapia Palladino, an Italian medium, could allegedly cause objects to move during séances. However, she was caught levitating a table with her foot by the magician Joseph Rinn, other alleged PK mediums that were exposed as frauds, include Anna Rasmussen and Maria Silbert. A photograph of her taken in 1909, which shows a pair of floating in between her hands, is often found in books and other publications as an example of telekinesis. Scientists suspected Tomczyk performed her feats by the use of a thread or hair. This was confirmed when psychical researchers who tested Tomczyk occasionally observed the thread, annemarie Schaberl, a 19-year-old secretary, was said to have telekinetic powers by the parapsychologist Hans Bender in the Rosenheim Poltergeist case in the 1960s. Magicians and scientists who investigated the case suspected the phenomena were produced by trickery, the Russian psychic Nina Kulagina came to wide public attention following the publication of Sheila Ostrander and Lynn Schroeders best seller, Psychic Discoveries Behind The Iron Curtain. The alleged Soviet psychic of the late 1960s and early 1970s was filmed apparently performing telekinesis while seated in numerous short films

22.
Lucy (2014 film)
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Lucy is a 2014 English-language French science fiction action film written and directed by Luc Besson and produced by his wife Virginie Besson-Silla for his company Europacorp. The film was shot in Taipei, Paris and New York City and it stars Scarlett Johansson, Morgan Freeman, Choi Min-sik and Amr Waked. Johansson portrays the character, a woman who gains psychokinetic abilities when a nootropic drug is absorbed into her bloodstream. The film was released on July 25,2014, and became a box office success, Lucy Miller is a 24-year-old American woman living and studying in Taipei, Taiwan. She is tricked into working as a mule by her new boyfriend whose employer, Mr. Jang, is a Korean mob boss. Lucy delivers a briefcase to Mr. Jang containing a highly valuable synthetic drug called CPH4, after seeing her boyfriend shot and killed, she is captured. A bag of the drug is forcibly sewn into her abdomen, while Lucy is in captivity, one of her captors kicks her in the abdomen, breaking the bag and releasing a large quantity of the drug into her system. As a result, she begins acquiring increasingly enhanced physical and mental capabilities, such as telepathy, telekinesis, mental time travel, and she kills off her captors and escapes. Lucy travels to the nearby Tri-Service General Hospital to get the bag of drugs removed from her abdomen, Lucy is fortunate to have survived having such a large amount introduced into her body. At her shared apartment, Lucy begins researching her condition and contacts well-known scientist, during the plane ride, she starts to disintegrate as her cells destabilize from consuming a sip of champagne, which made her body inhospitable for cellular reproduction. Only by consuming more CPH4 is she able to prevent her total disintegration and her powers continue to grow, leaving her able to telepathically incapacitate armed police and members from the Korean drug gang. With the help of Del Rio, Lucy recovers the drug, Jang and the mob also want the drug and a gunfight ensues with the French police. In the professors lab, Lucy discusses the nature of time and life and she tells the scientists that time is the only true measure of human life and of existence. At her urging, she is injected with the contents of all three remaining bags of CPH4. She then begins a journey into the past, eventually reaching the oldest discovered ancestor of mankind. She touches fingertips with her, then all the way to the beginning of time. Meanwhile, back in the lab, after an M136 AT4 anti-tank weapon destroys the door, Jang enters, only her clothes, Louboutin shoes and the black supercomputer are left behind. Del Rio enters and fatally shoots Jang, Professor Norman takes a black, presumably highly advanced flash drive offered by the advanced supercomputer, after which the computer disintegrates

23.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background, in the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the half of the star field. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year, special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E. M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamor, Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and a firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. By another account, the stars were inspired, by Sugarmans drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars. In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree inside a star on a brown background. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B, deMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz. A requirement stipulated by the audio recording committee specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement, as a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959, construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting, in October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr. sought damages for the exclusion of his father, chaplins suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project. Woodwards name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558, the other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence

Hollywood Walk of Fame
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6801 Hollywood Boulevard near Dolby Theatre
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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A typical Walk of Fame star in the phonograph record category. The charcoal terrazzo contrasts with the pink terrazzo star and brass surround, emblem and lettering.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame at the 6800 block of Hollywood Boulevard, looking eastward. The Dolby Theatre is in the foreground at left. In the upper left quadrant is the famous intersection of Hollywood and Highland.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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Joanne Woodward 's star, contrary to popular belief, was not the first.

24.
Copenhagen
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Copenhagen, Danish, København, Latin, Hafnia) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark. Copenhagen has an population of 1,280,371. The Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants, the city is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand, another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the strait of Øresund. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road, originally a Viking fishing village founded in the 10th century, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a centre of power with its institutions, defences. After suffering from the effects of plague and fire in the 18th century and this included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. Later, following the Second World War, the Finger Plan fostered the development of housing, since the turn of the 21st century, Copenhagen has seen strong urban and cultural development, facilitated by investment in its institutions and infrastructure. The city is the cultural, economic and governmental centre of Denmark, Copenhagens economy has seen rapid developments in the service sector, especially through initiatives in information technology, pharmaceuticals and clean technology. Since the completion of the Øresund Bridge, Copenhagen has become integrated with the Swedish province of Scania and its largest city, Malmö. With a number of connecting the various districts, the cityscape is characterized by parks, promenades. Copenhagen is home to the University of Copenhagen, the Technical University of Denmark, the University of Copenhagen, founded in 1479, is the oldest university in Denmark. Copenhagen is home to the FC København and Brøndby football clubs, the annual Copenhagen Marathon was established in 1980. Copenhagen is one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world, the Copenhagen Metro serves central Copenhagen while the Copenhagen S-train network connects central Copenhagen to its outlying boroughs. Serving roughly 2 million passengers a month, Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup, is the largest airport in the Nordic countries, the name of the city reflects its origin as a harbour and a place of commerce. The original designation, from which the contemporary Danish name derives, was Køpmannæhafn, meaning merchants harbour, the literal English translation would be Chapmans haven. The English name for the city was adapted from its Low German name, the abbreviations Kbh. or Kbhvn are often used in Danish for København, and kbh. for københavnsk. The chemical element hafnium is named for Copenhagen, where it was discovered, the bacterium Hafnia is also named after Copenhagen, Vagn Møller of the State Serum Institute in Copenhagen named it in 1954. Excavations in Pilestræde have also led to the discovery of a well from the late 12th century, the remains of an ancient church, with graves dating to the 11th century, have been unearthed near where Strøget meets Rådhuspladsen

25.
Ashkenazi Jews
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The traditional diaspora language of Ashkenazi Jews is Yiddish, with Hebrew used only as a sacred language until relatively recently. Throughout their time in Europe, Ashkenazim have made important contributions to philosophy, scholarship, literature, art, music. Ashkenazim originate from the Jews who settled along the Rhine River, in Western Germany, there they became a distinct diaspora community with a unique way of life that adapted traditions from Babylon, The Land of Israel, and the Western Mediterranean to their new environment. The Ashkenazi religious rite developed in such as Mainz, Worms. The eminent French Rishon Rabbi Shlomo Itzhaki would have a significant impact on the Jewish religion, in the late Middle Ages, the majority of the Ashkenazi population shifted steadily eastward, moving out of the Holy Roman Empire into the Pale of Settlement. The genocidal impact of the Holocaust devastated the Ashkenazim and their culture, immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide, genetic studies on Ashkenazim—researching both their paternal and maternal lineages—suggest a significant proportion of Middle Eastern ancestry. Ashkenazi Jews are popularly contrasted with Sephardi Jews, who are descendants of Jews from the Iberian Peninsula, there are some differences in how the two groups pronounce certain Hebrew letters, and in points of ritual. The name Ashkenazi derives from the figure of Ashkenaz, the first son of Gomer, son of Khaphet, son of Noah. The name of Gomer has often been linked to the ethnonym Cimmerians, the intrusive n in the Biblical name is likely due to a scribal error confusing a waw ו with a nun נ. In Jeremiah 51,27, Ashkenaz figures as one of three kingdoms in the far north, the others being Minni and Ararat, perhaps corresponding to Urartu, called on by God to resist Babylon. Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia, viewed as the cradle of Germanic tribes and his contemporary Saadia Gaon identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or Slavic territories, and such usage covered also the lands of tribes neighboring the Slavs, and Eastern and Central Europe. In modern times, Samuel Krauss identified the Biblical Ashkenaz with Khazaria, sometime in the early medieval period, the Jews of central and eastern Europe came to be called by this term. In conformity with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names, Spain was denominated Sefarad, France was called Tsarefat, Rashi uses leshon Ashkenaz to describe German speech, and Byzantium and Syrian Jewish letters referred to the Crusaders as Ashkenazim. Given the close links between the Jewish communities of France and Germany following the Carolingian unification, the term Ashkenazi came to refer to both the Jews of medieval Germany and France. Outside of their origins in ancient Israel, the history of Ashkenazim is shrouded in mystery, the most well-supported theory is the one that details a Jewish migration from Israel through what is now Italy and other parts of southern Europe

26.
Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute
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The school was founded by the noted acting teacher Lee Strasberg in 1969 to teach and promote the techniques of method acting. The Institute has a relationship with the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University, the institute is currently under the artistic direction of Anna Strasberg, Lee Strasbergs widow. Actors Studio Group Theatre Stanislavskis system Explanatory notes Citations Official website Tsunoda, teens Try Method Acting Exercises, The Milwaukee Journal Green Sheet, pp. 1–2

Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute
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The New York school in 2011

27.
Greenwich Village
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Greenwich Village, often referred to by locals as simply the Village, is a neighborhood on the west side of Lower Manhattan, New York City. Greenwich Village has been known as a haven, the Bohemian capital, the cradle of the modern LGBT movement. Groenwijck, one of the Dutch names for the village, was Anglicized to Greenwich, two of New Yorks private colleges, New York University and the New School, are located in Greenwich Village. The neighborhoods surrounding it are the East Village and NoHo to the east, SoHo to the south, the East Village was formerly considered part of the Lower East Side and never associated with Greenwich Village. The western part of Greenwich Village is known as the West Village, some believe it starts at Seventh Avenue and its southern extension, a border to the west of which the neighborhood changes substantially in character and becomes heavily residential. The Far West Village is another sub-neighborhood of Greenwich Village that is bordered on its west by the Hudson River and on its east by Hudson Street. Greenwich Village is located in New Yorks 10th congressional district, New Yorks 25th State Senate district, New Yorks 66th State Assembly district, encyclopaedia Britannicas 1956 article on New York states that the southern border of the Village is Spring Street, reflecting an earlier understanding. The newer district of SoHo has since encroached on the Villages historic border, many of the neighborhoods streets are narrow and some curve at odd angles. This is generally regarded as adding to both the character and charm of the neighborhood. In addition, as the meandering Greenwich Street used to be on the Hudson River shoreline, much of the neighborhood west of Greenwich Street is on landfill, but still follows the older street grid. When Sixth and Seventh Avenues were built in the early 20th century, they were built diagonally to the street plan. Unlike the streets of most of Manhattan above Houston Street, streets in the Village typically are named rather than numbered, while some of the formerly named streets are now numbered, they still do not always conform to the usual grid pattern when they enter the neighborhood. The Districts convoluted borders run no farther south than 4th Street or St. Lukes Place, redevelopment in that area is severely restricted, and developers must preserve the main façade and aesthetics of the buildings during renovation. In the 16th century, Native Americans referred to its farthest northwest corner, by the cove on the Hudson River at present-day Gansevoort Street, the land was cleared and turned into pasture by Dutch and freed African settlers in the 1630s, who named their settlement Noortwyck. In the 1630s, Governor Wouter van Twiller farmed tobacco on 200 acres here at his Farm in the Woods, sir Peter Warren began accumulating land in 1731 and built a frame house capacious enough to hold a sitting of the Assembly when smallpox rendered the city dangerous in 1739. The building was designed by Joseph-François Mangin, who would later co-design New York City Hall, by 1821, the prison, designed for 432 inmates, held 817 instead, a number made possible only by the frequent release of prisoners, sometimes as many as 50 a day. The oldest house remaining in Greenwich Village is the Isaacs-Hendricks House, when the Church of St. Luke in the Fields was founded in 1820 it stood in fields south of the road that led from Greenwich Lane down to a landing on the North River. In 1822, a fever epidemic in New York encouraged residents to flee to the healthier air of Greenwich Village

Greenwich Village
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Greenwich Village
Greenwich Village
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Greenwich Village Historic District
Greenwich Village
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MacDougal Street in Greenwich Village
Greenwich Village
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The intersection of West 4th and West 12th Streets

28.
The Independent
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The Independent is a British online newspaper. The printed edition of the paper ceased in March 2016, nicknamed the Indy, it began as a broadsheet newspaper, but changed to tabloid format in 2003. Until September 2011, the paper described itself on the banner at the top of every newspaper as free from party political bias and it tends to take a pro-market stance on economic issues. The daily edition was named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2004 British Press Awards. In June 2015, it had a daily circulation of just below 58,000,85 per cent down from its 1990 peak. On 12 February 2016, it was announced that The Independent, the last print edition of The Independent on Sunday was published on 20 March 2016, with the main paper ceasing print publication the following Saturday. Launched in 1986, the first issue of The Independent was published on 7 October in broadsheet format and it was produced by Newspaper Publishing plc and created by Andreas Whittam Smith, Stephen Glover and Matthew Symonds. All three partners were former journalists at The Daily Telegraph who had left the paper towards the end of Lord Hartwells ownership, marcus Sieff was the first chairman of Newspaper Publishing, and Whittam Smith took control of the paper. The paper was created at a time of a change in British newspaper publishing. Rupert Murdoch was challenging long-accepted practices of the print unions and ultimately defeated them in the Wapping dispute, consequently, production costs could be reduced which, it was said at the time, created openings for more competition. As a result of controversy around Murdochs move to Wapping, the plant was effectively having to function under siege from sacked print workers picketing outside, the Independent attracted some of the staff from the two Murdoch broadsheets who had chosen not to move to his companys new headquarters. Launched with the advertising slogan It is, and challenging both The Guardian for centre-left readers and The Times as the newspaper of record, The Independent reached a circulation of over 400,000 by 1989. Competing in a market, The Independent sparked a general freshening of newspaper design as well as, within a few years. Some aspects of production merged with the paper, although the Sunday paper retained a largely distinct editorial staff. It featured spoofs of the other papers mastheads with the words The Rupert Murdoch or The Conrad Black, a number of other media companies were interested in the paper. Tony OReillys media group and Mirror Group Newspapers had bought a stake of about a third each by mid-1994, in March 1995, Newspaper Publishing was restructured with a rights issue, splitting the shareholding into OReillys Independent News & Media, MGN, and Prisa. In April 1996, there was another refinancing, and in March 1998, OReilly bought the other 54% of the company for £30 million, brendan Hopkins headed Independent News, Andrew Marr was appointed editor of The Independent, and Rosie Boycott became editor of The Independent on Sunday. Marr introduced a dramatic if short-lived redesign which won critical favour but was a commercial failure, Marr admitted his changes had been a mistake in his book, My Trade

The Independent
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The Independent front page, 15 February 2014

29.
Judy Garland
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Judy Garland was an American singer, actress, and vaudevillian. Garland began performing in vaudeville with her two sisters and was signed to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a teenager. She made more than two films with MGM, including nine with Mickey Rooney. Garlands most famous role was as Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz and her other roles at MGM included Meet Me in St. Louis, The Harvey Girls and Easter Parade. After 15 years, she was released from the studio and made record-breaking concert appearances, a recording career. Film appearances became fewer in her years, but included two Academy Award nominated performances in A Star Is Born and Judgment at Nuremberg. Garland received a Golden Globe Award, a Juvenile Academy Award, and a Special Tony Award, deMille Award for lifetime achievement in the film industry. She was the first woman to win a Grammy for Album of the Year for her recording of Judy at Carnegie Hall. In 1997, Garland was posthumously awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, several of her recordings have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. In 1999, the American Film Institute placed her among the 10 greatest female stars of classic American cinema, from an early age, Garland struggled in her personal life. The pressures of adolescent stardom sent her to a psychiatrist at age 18 and her self-image was influenced by film executives who said she was unattractive and manipulated her on-screen physical appearance. She was plagued by instability, often owing hundreds of thousands of dollars in back taxes. She married five times, with her first four marriages ending in divorce and she also had a long battle with drugs and alcohol, which ultimately led to her death from a barbiturate overdose at the age of 47. Garland was born Frances Ethel Gumm on June 10,1922, in Grand Rapids and she was the youngest child of Ethel Marion and Francis Avent Frank Gumm. Her parents were vaudevillians who settled in Grand Rapids to run a theater that featured vaudeville acts. She was of English, Scottish, and Irish ancestry, named after both of her parents and baptized at a local Episcopal church, baby shared her familys flair for song and dance. The Gumm Sisters performed there for the few years, accompanied by their mother on piano. The family relocated to Lancaster, California, in June 1926, Frank purchased and operated another theater in Lancaster, and Ethel began managing her daughters and working to get them into motion pictures

30.
Meet Me in St. Louis
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Meet Me in St. Louis is a musical film made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and released in 1944. The picture stars Judy Garland, Margaret OBrien, Mary Astor, Lucille Bremer, Tom Drake, Leon Ames, Marjorie Main, June Lockhart, the film was directed by Vincente Minnelli, who met Garland on the set and later married her. It was the second-highest grossing picture of the year, only behind Going My Way, Garland debuted the standards The Trolley Song, The Boy Next Door, and Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas, all of which became hits after the film was released. Arthur Freed, the producer of the film, also wrote, the backdrop for Meet Me in St. Louis is St. Louis, Missouri in the year leading up to the 1904 Worlds Fair. The Smith family leads a comfortable upper-middle class life, Rose is expecting a phone call in which she hopes to be proposed to by Warren Sheffield. Esther hopes to meet John again the following Friday on a ride from the city to the construction site of the World Fair. Esther is sad when the trolley sets off without any sign of him, on Halloween, Tootie returns home injured, claiming that John Truett attacked her. Without bothering to investigate, Esther confronts John, physically attacking him, when Esther returns home, Tootie confesses that what really happened was that John was trying to protect Tootie and Agnes from the police after a dangerous prank they pulled went wrong. Upon learning the truth, Esther immediately dashes to Johns house next door to apologize, mr. Smith announces to the family that he is to be sent to New York on business and eventually they will all move. The family is devastated and upset at the news of the move, especially Rose and Esther whose romances, friendships, Esther is also aghast because they will miss the Worlds Fair. An elegant ball takes place on Christmas Eve, Esther is devastated when John cannot take her as his date, due to his leaving his tuxedo at the tailors and being unable to get it back. But she is relieved when her grandfather offers to take her instead, at the ball, Esther fills up a visiting girls dance card with losers because she thinks Lucille is a rival of Roses. But when Lucille turns out to be interested in Lon, Esther switches her dance card with Lucilles and instead dances herself with the clumsy and awkward partners. After being rescued by Grandpa, she is overwhelmed when John unexpectedly turns up after somehow managing to obtain a tuxedo, later on, John proposes to Esther and she accepts. Esther returns home to an upset Tootie and she is soothed by the poignant Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas. Tootie, however, becomes upset at the prospect of the familys move and runs downstairs. Mr. Smith sees his daughters upsetting outburst from an upstairs window, mr. Smith later announces that the family will not leave St. Louis after all when he realizes how much the move will affect his family. Warren boldly declares his love for Rose, stating that they marry at the first possible opportunity

Meet Me in St. Louis
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Theatrical poster
Meet Me in St. Louis
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Margaret O'Brien and Judy Garland in Meet Me in St. Louis
Meet Me in St. Louis
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Margaret O'Brien and Judy Garland in Meet Me in St. Louis

31.
Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute
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The school was founded by the noted acting teacher Lee Strasberg in 1969 to teach and promote the techniques of method acting. The Institute has a relationship with the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University, the institute is currently under the artistic direction of Anna Strasberg, Lee Strasbergs widow. Actors Studio Group Theatre Stanislavskis system Explanatory notes Citations Official website Tsunoda, teens Try Method Acting Exercises, The Milwaukee Journal Green Sheet, pp. 1–2

Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute
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The New York school in 2011

32.
Ethan Hawke
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Ethan Green Hawke is an American actor, writer, and director. He has been nominated for four Academy Awards and a Tony Award, Hawke has directed two feature films, three Off-Broadway plays, and a documentary, and written the novels The Hottest State, Ash Wednesday, and Rules for a Knight. He made his debut in 1985 with the science fiction feature Explorers. He then appeared in films before taking a role in the 1994 Generation X drama Reality Bites. Hawke was further honored with SAG Award nominations for films, along with BAFTA Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for the latter. Hawke was born in Austin, Texas, to Leslie, a charity worker, and James Hawke, Hawkes parents were high school sweethearts in Fort Worth, Texas, and married young, when Hawkes mother was 17. Hawke was born a year later, Hawkes parents were students at the University of Texas at Austin at the time of his birth, and separated and later divorced in 1974. After the separation, Hawke was then raised by his mother, the two relocated several times, before settling in New York City, where Hawke attended the Packer Collegiate Institute in Brooklyn Heights. Hawkes mother remarried when he was 10 and the moved to West Windsor Township, New Jersey. He later transferred to the Hun School of Princeton, a boarding school. In high school, Hawke aspired to be a writer, and he twice enrolled in New York Universitys English program, but dropped out both times to pursue acting roles. Hawke obtained his mothers permission to attend his first casting call at age 14 and he secured his first film role in 1985s Explorers, in which he played an alien-obsessed schoolboy alongside River Phoenix. The film received favorable reviews but had poor box office revenues, Hawke later described the disappointment as difficult to bear at such a young age, adding I would never recommend that a kid act. His next film appearance was not until 1989s comedy drama Dad, in 1989, Hawke made his breakthrough appearance, playing a shy student opposite Robin Williamss inspirational English teacher in Dead Poets Society. The film was critically well-received, the Variety reviewer noted Hawke, with revenue of US$235 million worldwide, the film remains Hawkes most commercially successful picture to date. Hawke later described the opportunities he was offered as a result of the success as critical to his decision to continue acting, I didnt want to be an actor. But then the success was so monumental that I was getting offers to be in such interesting movies and be in such interesting places, Hawkes next film, 1991s White Fang, brought his first leading role. The film, an adaptation of Jack Londons novel of the name, featured Hawke as Jack Conroy

Ethan Hawke
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Hawke at the 2009 Venice International Film Festival
Ethan Hawke
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Hawke at the premiere of The Hottest State in Austin, Texas, September 2007
Ethan Hawke
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Hawke at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival
Ethan Hawke
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Hawke at the premiere of Before Midnight in Berlin, Germany, February 2013

33.
John Ritter
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Ritter appeared in hundreds of films and television shows/episodes combined, including It, Problem Child, Problem Child 2, and Bad Santa in 2003. Don Knotts called Ritter the greatest physical comedian on the planet, Ritter died from an aortic dissection on September 11,2003. His death occurred shortly after the production of an episode for the season of 8 Simple Rules. Ritter was born at the Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center in Burbank, California, Ritter had a birth defect known as a coloboma in his right eye. His father, Tex Ritter, was a singing cowboy/matinee star and he has an older brother, Thomas Matthews Tom. Ritter attended Hollywood High School, where he was student body president and he went on to the University of Southern California and majored in psychology with plans to have a career in politics. He later changed his major to theater arts and attended the USC School of Dramatic Arts after the assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr. while still in college, Ritter traveled to the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and West Germany to perform in plays. After his graduation from USC in 1970, his first TV acting experience was a revolutionary in the TV series, Dan August, starring Burt Reynolds. Ritter made his debut in the 1971 Disney film The Barefoot Executive. He made guest appearances on the television series Hawaii Five-O, M*A*S*H and he had a recurring role as the Reverend Matthew Fordwick on the drama series The Waltons from October 1972 to December 1976. Since he was not a weekly cast member, he had time to other roles, which he did until December 1976. In 1978, Ritter played Ringo Starrs manager on the TV special Ringo, in 1982, Ritter provided the voice of Peter Dickinson in Flight of Dragons. Ritter became a name playing struggling culinary student Jack Tripper with two female roommates. Ritter co-starred opposite Joyce DeWitt and Suzanne Somers, however, Somers left due to a dispute in 1981. Jenilee Harrison and then Priscilla Barnes filled Somerss role, much of the comedy centered around Jacks pretending to be gay to keep the old-fashioned landlords appeased over the seemingly sordid living arrangements. The series spent several seasons near the top of the TV ratings in the U. S. before ending in 1984, a year-long spin-off Threes a Crowd ensued, as the Jack Tripper character has a live-in girlfriend and runs his own bistro. The original series has been continuously in reruns and is also available on DVD. During the run of Threes Company, Ritter also appeared in the films Hero at Large, Americathon, Hooperman was Ritters first regular television role after Threes Company

John Ritter
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Ritter at the 1988 Emmy Awards
John Ritter
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John Ritter in 1977
John Ritter
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Ritter's gravestone

34.
Sean Connery
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Sir Thomas Sean Connery is a retired Scottish actor and producer who has won an Academy Award, two BAFTA Awards and three Golden Globes. He was knighted by Elizabeth II in July 2000 after receiving Kennedy Center Honors in the US in 1999, Connery was the first actor to portray the character James Bond in film, starring in seven Bond films between 1962 and 1983. In 1988, Connery won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in The Untouchables, Connery has been polled as The Greatest Living Scot and Scotlands Greatest Living National Treasure. In 1989, he was proclaimed Sexiest Man Alive by People magazine, Thomas Sean Connery, named Thomas after his grandfather, was born in Fountainbridge, Edinburgh, Scotland on 25 August 1930. His mother, Euphemia McBain Effie, was a cleaning woman and his paternal grandfathers parents emigrated to Scotland from Ireland in the mid-19th century. The remainder of his family was of Scottish descent, and his maternal great-grandparents were native Scottish Gaelic speakers from Fife and his father was a Roman Catholic, and his mother was a Protestant. He has a brother, Neil. He was generally referred to in his youth as Tommy, although he was small in primary school, he grew rapidly around the age of 12, reaching his full adult height of 6 ft 2 in at 18. He was known during his teen years as Big Tam, and has stated that he lost his virginity to a woman in an ATS uniform at the age of 14. Connerys first job was as a milkman in Edinburgh with St. Cuthberts Co-operative Society, one tattoo is a tribute to his parents and reads Mum and Dad, and the other is self-explanatory, Scotland Forever. Connery was later discharged from the navy on medical grounds because of a duodenal ulcer, Scotland, Archie Brennan, a coffin polisher. The modelling earned him 15 shillings an hour, student artist Richard Demarco who painted several notable early pictures of Connery described him as very straight, slightly shy, too, too beautiful for words, a virtual Adonis. Connery began bodybuilding at the age of 18, and from 1951 trained heavily with Ellington, Connery was a keen footballer, having played for Bonnyrigg Rose in his younger days. He was offered a trial with East Fife, while on tour with South Pacific, Connery played in a football match against a local team that Matt Busby, manager of Manchester United, happened to be scouting. According to reports, Busby was impressed with his physical prowess, Connery admits that he was tempted to accept, but he recalls, I realised that a top-class footballer could be over the hill by the age of 30, and I was already 23. I decided to become an actor and it turned out to be one of my more intelligent moves, looking to pick up some extra money, Connery helped out backstage at the Kings Theatre in late 1951. He became interested in the proceedings, and a career was launched, the production returned the following year out of popular demand, and Connery was promoted to the featured role of Lieutenant Buzz Adams, which Larry Hagman had portrayed in the West End. While in Edinburgh, Connery was targeted by the notorious Valdor gang, there Connery launched an attack single-handedly against the gang members, grabbing one by the throat and another by a biceps and cracked their heads together

35.
Kate Capshaw
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Kathleen Kate Capshaw Spielberg is an American actress, best known for her portrayal of Willie Scott, an American nightclub singer and performer in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom. During the production of the film, she met director Steven Spielberg, Capshaw was born Kathleen Sue Nail in Fort Worth, Texas, the daughter of Beverley Sue, a travel agent and beautician, and Edwin Leon Nail, an airline employee. She moved to St. Louis, Missouri, at the age of five, Capshaw earned a degree in education from the University of Missouri, where she was a member of Alpha Delta Pi. She taught Special Education at Southern Boone County High School in Ashland, Missouri and she married marketing manager Robert Capshaw in January 1976 and they had one child, actress Jessica Capshaw, before eventually divorcing in 1980. However, she kept the surname Capshaw and adopted it as her name upon becoming an actress. Capshaw moved to New York City to pursue her dream of acting, landing her first role on the soap opera The Edge of Night. After auditioning for a role in A Little Sex, she was offered the role of the leading lady. She starred in Dreamscape in 1984, Capshaw also starred in the spy film/romance Code Name Dancer. In 2001 she starred in the Showtime Cable Network miniseries A Girl Thing with Elle Macpherson, Capshaw, originally an Episcopalian, converted to Judaism before marrying director Steven Spielberg, on October 12,1991. The two were married in both a ceremony and an Orthodox ceremony. There are seven children in the Spielberg-Capshaw family. S, president Barack Obama for re-election in 2012. Kate Capshaw at the Internet Movie Database

Kate Capshaw
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Capshaw in June 1984

36.
Just Cause (film)
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Just Cause is a 1995 suspense crime thriller film directed by Arne Glimcher and starring Sean Connery and Laurence Fishburne. It is based on John Katzenbachs novel of the same name, paul Armstrong, a liberal Harvard professor opposed to capital punishment, is persuaded to go to Florida to investigate the conviction of Bobby Earl Ferguson for murder. Ferguson, a former Cornell University student, who was convicted of raping and murdering a white girl named Joanie Shriver. Armstrong must save him from being executed in the electric chair, Ferguson tells Armstrong that he was tortured by two police detectives to get a confession. As Armstrong digs deeper into the case, he discovers that Tanny Brown, when Armstrong discovers the weapon, Brown tries to threaten him into abandoning the investigation. Ferguson gets a re-trial and is freed from prison, subsequently, the governor signs Sullivans death warrant. Armstrong receives a call from Sullivan, who says he has a clue to share. Armstrong is shocked to find their butchered bodies, Armstrong asks why he was needed for their scheme, and Sullivan replies that was Bobby Earls call. Armstrong has the last laugh by lying to Sullivan that his parents were alive and he resists the guards taking him to the electric chair, where he is executed. Ferguson plans to murder Armstrongs wife and daughter and then disappear, Armstrong and Brown join forces to kill Ferguson and save Armstrongs family. J. Wilcox Ruby Dee – Evangeline Scarlett Johansson – Katie Armstrong Daniel J.4 on The Internet Movie Database, the movie debuted with moderate success. Just Cause at the Internet Movie Database Just Cause at Box Office Mojo Just Cause at Rotten Tomatoes

Just Cause (film)
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Just Cause

37.
If Lucy Fell
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If Lucy Fell is a 1996 romantic comedy film written and directed by Eric Schaeffer, who also co-stars in the film alongside Sarah Jessica Parker, Ben Stiller and Elle Macpherson. It was released on DVD January 30,2001, a young Scarlett Johansson plays a neighbor / art student of the main couple. Joe MacGonaughgill and Lucy Ackerman are roommates and best friends living in a small Manhattan apartment, Lucy is turning thirty and her love life is embarrassingly dull. Joe on the hand is infatuated with his attractive neighbor Jane. Lucy then decides to form a pact with Joe like theyd had back in college. If they do not both find love by the time Lucy turns thirty, then they will both jump off the Brooklyn Bridge. Jane comes to a show of Joes where Joe finally gathers up the courage to ask her out, while Lucy begins dating Bwick Elias. Joe soon realizes that Jane isnt who he thought she ought to be, Bwick also turns out to be no Joe for Lucy. It is at point that Joe and Lucy realize that they are perfect for each other. If Lucy Fell earned mostly negative reviews critics, holding an 18% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 28 reviews. If Lucy Fell at the Internet Movie Database If Lucy Fell at Rotten Tomatoes If Lucy Fell at Box Office Mojo

If Lucy Fell
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If Lucy Fell

38.
Foster care
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Foster care is a system in which a minor has been placed into a ward, group home, or private home of a state-certified caregiver, referred to as a foster parent. The placement of the child is normally arranged through the government or a service agency. The institution, group home or foster parent is compensated for expenses, the vast majority of children who would otherwise need foster care are in kinship care, that is, in the care of grandparents or other relatives. Most kinship care is done informally, without the involvement of a court or public organization, however, in the U. S. formal kinship care is increasingly common. In 2012, a quarter of all children in foster care were placed with relatives. In Australia foster care was known as boarding-out, Foster care had its early stages in South Australia in 1866 and stretched to the second half of the 19th century. It is said that the system was run by women until the early 20th century. Then the control was centered in many state childrens departments, although boarding-out was also implemented by nongovernment child rescue organizations, many large institutions remained. These institutions assumed an importance from the late 1920s when the system went into decline. The system was re-energized in the era, and in the 1970s. The system is still the structure for out-of-home care. The system took care of local and foreign children. New baby adoption dropped dramatically from the mid-1970s, with the tolerance of. Foster care in Cambodia is relatively new as a practice within the government. However, despite a later start, the practice is currently making strides within the country. Most notably, the found that the percentage of children within orphanages that had parents approached 80%. At the same time, local NGOs like Children In Families began offering limited foster care services within the country and these actions lead to an increase in the number of NGOs providing foster care placements, and helped to set the course for care reform around the country. Foster children in Canada are known as permanent wards, a ward is someone, in this case a child, placed under protection of a legal guardian and are the legal responsibility of the government

Foster care
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Children of the United Kingdom's Child Migration Programme – many of whom were placed in foster care in Australia
Foster care
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New York street children in 1890

39.
Aleksa Palladino
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Palladino was born in New York City, where she grew up and worked as an actress. Her debut role was as Lo in the critically acclaimed Manny & Lo opposite Scarlett Johansson, the year 2000 saw the release of Palladinos Red Dirt, followed by the independent film Lonesome, and Storytelling with Selma Blair. She then had guest appearances in Law & Order, Criminal Intent, The Sopranos, in 2004, Palladino returned to acting with a guest appearance on Medium, followed by her lead role in Spectropia and a supporting one in Find Me Guilty with Vin Diesel. After working in Find me Guilty, director Sidney Lumet offered Palladino the role of Chris Lasorda in Before the Devil Knows Youre Dead. She then appeared in The Picture of Dorian Gray, based on the novel by Oscar Wilde, Palladinos next role came in the critically acclaimed HBOs series Boardwalk Empire, in which she played Angela Darmody. She currently is the singer and songwriter of the band Exitmusic. In 2012 Exitmusic released their album, Passage, on the indie label Secretly Canadian. She was also a regular of Season 2 on the AMC series Halt. Aleksa Palladino at the Internet Movie Database Band MySpace

40.
San Francisco Chronicle
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It was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. The paper is owned by the Hearst Corporation, which bought it from the de Young family in 2000. The paper benefited from the growth of San Francisco and was the largest circulation newspaper on the West Coast of the United States by 1880. Like many other newspapers, it has experienced a fall in circulation in the early 21st century. The newspaper publishes two web sites, SFGate, which has a mixture of news and web features. Between World War II and 1971, new editor Scott Josephine Newhall took a bold, the newspaper grew in circulation to become the citys largest, overtaking the rival San Francisco Examiner. The demise of other San Francisco dailies through the late 1950s and early 1960s left the Examiner, from 1965 on the two papers shared a single classified-advertising operation. This arrangement stayed in place until the Hearst Corporation took full control of the Chronicle, beginning in the early 1990s, the Chronicle started to face competition beyond the borders of San Francisco. The Chronicle launched five zoned sections to appear in the Friday edition of the paper, the sections covered San Francisco, and four different suburban areas. They each featured a unique columnist, enterprise pieces and local news specific to the community, the newspaper added 40 full-time staff positions to work in the suburban bureaus. The de Young family controlled the paper, via the Chronicle Publishing Company, until July 27,2000, following the sale, the Hearst Corporation transferred the Examiner to the Fang family, publisher of the San Francisco Independent and AsianWeek, along with a $66-million subsidy. Under the new owners, the Examiner became a free tabloid, in 1949, the de Young family founded KRON-TV, the Bay Areas third television station. Until the mid-1960s, the station, operated from the basement of the Chronicle Building, KRON moved to studios at 1001 Van Ness Avenue. The frequent bold-faced, all-capital-letter headlines typical of the Chronicles front page were eliminated, editor Ward Bushees note heralded the issue as the start of a new era for the Chronicle. On July 6,2009, the paper unveiled some alterations to the new design that included yet newer section fronts and wider use of color photographs and graphics. In a special section publisher Frank J. Vega described new, the newer look was accompanied by a reduction in size of the broadsheet. On November 9,2009, the Chronicle became the first newspaper in the nation to print on high-quality glossy paper, the high-gloss paper is used for some section fronts and inside pages. As of 2013 the publisher of the Chronicle is Jeffrey Johnson, audrey Cooper was named editor-in-chief in January 2015 and is the first woman to hold the position

San Francisco Chronicle
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San Francisco Chronicle cover, April 22, 1906
San Francisco Chronicle
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The Old Chronicle Building following the 1906 earthquake and fire
San Francisco Chronicle
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Bill German,left, the Chronicle ‍ '​s editor emeritus and Page One Editor Jack Breibart in the newsroom, March 1994
San Francisco Chronicle
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San Francisco Chronicle CEO John Sias announces the sale of the San Francisco Chronicle to the Hearst Corporation August 6, 1999.

41.
Fall (1997 film)
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Fall is a 1997 film directed by, written by and starring Eric Schaeffer, alongside Amanda de Cadenet. The film was followed by a 2011 sequel After Fall, Winter, Michael Shiver is a cab driver in New York. One day, supermodel Sarah Easton enters his taxi and they have a short, a few days later, he sees her by chance when having dinner with his two close friends, and they have a short interaction. The movie develops with the two of them becoming interested into each other and slowly falling in love while Sarahs husband is away in Rome for two months. Michael occasionally writes her love poems and surprises her with gifts such as a thousand roses delivered to her hotel room in Spain. Towards the end, there is a conflict between Sarah and Michael, in which Sarah says how Michael doesnt understand her life and that everything happens on his terms. Michael reveals that he was a writer and had known her kind of life, Sarah goes back to her husband and Michael sends her his best-selling book along with a last letter with which the film ends

Fall (1997 film)
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Theatrical release poster

42.
Home Alone 3
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Home Alone 3 is a 1997 American family comedy film written and produced by John Hughes. It is the film in the Home Alone series and the first not to feature actor Macaulay Culkin and the cast from the previous films, director Chris Columbus. The film was followed by a sequel, Home Alone 4. The thieves put it inside a control car to sneak it past security at San Francisco International Airport. However, a luggage mix-up occurs, causing a woman named Mrs. Hess to inadvertently take the bag containing the remote control car. The four thieves arrive in Chicago and systematically search every house in Mrs. Hesss suburban neighborhood to find the chip, meanwhile, Alex Pruitt is given the remote control car by Mrs. Hess for shoveling snow, but she lectures him for scratching numerous itches. He returns home and removes his shirt to discover that he has chickenpox, while recovering at home, Alex uses his telescope and discovers the thieves on look out for the chip. He fails to convince the police twice, so he spies on the thieves using his toy car, the thieves discover it and take away the evidence, which results in a chase. Wondering what the thieves want with a control car, Alex opens it. He informs the local Air Force Recruitment Center about the chip while asking if they can forward the information about the chip to the proper authorities, the thieves conclude that Alex has been watching them and decide to pursue him. As a snowstorm hits Chicago, the block off the road to the house and Alice duct tapes Mrs. Hess to a chair in her garage. By this point, Alex has rigged his house with booby traps and prepares to set them off with his pet mouse, Doris, after their numerous break-in attempts are foiled by Alexs traps, the thieves infiltrate the house and search for Alex. Alex flees to the attic and takes the dumbwaiter down to the basement, then runs outside and calls to Alice, Jernigan, the thieves see Alex and notice a trampoline below them. Jernigan and Unger jump to pursue Alex, but the trampoline gives way, Alice wriggles her way into the dumbwaiter chute, but falls down to the basement because Alex removed the bottom. Alex rescues Mrs. Hess and is cornered by Beaupre, meanwhile, the Federal Bureau of Investigation arrives to Alexs siblings school, after being tipped off by the recruitment center. Alexs family brings the agents to their house, where the police arrive and arrest Alice, Jernigan, however, Beaupre has escaped to the snow fort in the backyard. The parrot drives the control car into the snow fort and threatens to light fireworks. Beaupre offers a cracker, but the parrot demands two, since he only has one, the parrot then lights the fireworks, and flees

Home Alone 3
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Theatrical release poster
Home Alone 3
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Home Alone 3: Music From The Motion Picture

43.
Robert Redford
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Charles Robert Redford Jr. is an American actor, director, producer, businessman, environmentalist, and philanthropist. Redford is the founder of the Sundance Film Festival, Redfords career began in 1960 as a guest star on numerous TV shows, including, The Untouchables, Perry Mason, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, and The Twilight Zone, among others. He earned an Emmy nomination as Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Voice of Charlie Pont and his greatest Broadway success was as the stuffy newlywed husband of Elizabeth Ashley in Neil Simons Barefoot in the Park. Redford made his debut in War Hunt. His role in Inside Daisy Clover won him a Golden Globe for best new star and he starred in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, which was a huge success and made him a major star. The popular and acclaimed All the Presidents Men was a film for Redford. The first film that Redford directed, Ordinary People, was one of the most critically and publicly acclaimed films of the decade, winning four Oscars, and in the same year, he starred in Brubaker. He starred in Out of Africa, which was a critical and box office success. He released his film as a director, A River Runs Through It. Redford won the 1980 Academy Award for Best Director in 1981 for directing Ordinary People and he was previously nominated for Best Actor in 1974 for his performance in The Sting, and went on to receive Best Director and Best Picture nominations in 1995 for Quiz Show. He won a second Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2002, in 2010, he was made a chevalier of the Légion dHonneur. He has won BAFTA, Directors Guild of America, Golden Globe, in April 2014, Time Magazine included Redford in their annual TIME100 as one of the Most Influential People in the World, declaring him the Godfather of Indie Film. In 2016, President Barack Obama honored Redford with a Presidential Medal of Freedom, Redford was born on August 18,1936, in Santa Monica, California to Martha W. and Charles Robert Redford, Sr. a milkman-turned-accountant. He has a stepbrother, William, from his fathers remarriage, Redford is of English, Irish, Scottish, and Scots-Irish ancestry. Redfords family moved to Van Nuys, California, while his father worked in El Segundo and he attended Van Nuys High School, where he was classmates with baseball pitcher Don Drysdale. He has described himself as having been a bad student, finding inspiration outside the classroom and he hit tennis balls with Pancho Gonzales at the Los Angeles Tennis Club to warm him up. After graduating from school in 1954, he attended the University of Colorado in Boulder for a year and a half. While there, he worked at the restaurant/bar The Sink, a painting of his likeness is prominent in the bars murals, while at Colorado, Redford began drinking heavily, and as a result lost his half-scholarship and was kicked out of school

44.
The Horse Whisperer (novel)
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The Horse Whisperer is a 1995 novel by English author Nicholas Evans. The book was his novel, and gained significant success, becoming the 10th best selling novel in the United States in 1995. This also makes it one of the books of all time. The book was made into a film, also titled The Horse Whisperer, directed by and starring Robert Redford. The novel starts in upstate New York where a girl, Grace Mclean. As they ride up an icy slope, Gulliver slips and hits Pilgrim, both horses fall, dragging the girls onto a road and into a collision with an eighteen wheeler. Judith and Gulliver are killed, while Grace and Pilgrim are severely injured, Grace, left with a partially amputated right leg, is bitter and withdrawn. Graces mother, Annie, is a magazine editor, and her father. The different approaches taken by each of Graces parents in dealing with the accident strain relationships within the family, following the accident, Pilgrim is traumatized and uncontrollable, leading the people looking after him to treat him badly and to suggest that he be put down. Annie refuses to allow her horse to be put down and hears of a horse whisperer and she undertakes a long cross country journey with Pilgrim and Grace to Montana. On the Montana ranch, Tom works with Pilgrim and starts to make progress, both Grace and Annie become happier because the ranch life suits them. During the stay, Annie and Tom become close and eventually begin an affair, despite the progress that Tom has made with Pilgrim, Grace is still unable to ride the horse. Tom attempts a drastic intervention by forcing the horse to lie down and this technique works and horse and rider are reunited. At the party marking the end of Graces and Annies stay in Montana, Grace finds out about the affair, Grace unintentionally rides into a herd of wild mustangs that begin a stampede. Tom rides after her and finds Pilgrim fighting with the mustang stallion, Tom manages to save Grace and Pilgrim, but then deliberately gets himself fatally trampled by the stallion, perhaps because he feels guilty about hurting Grace by having an affair with her mother. Grace, Annie, and Pilgrim return to New York to rebuild their lives with Robert, Grace Maclean —The daughter of Annie and Robert. She was severely injured in an accident at the beginning of the book. Annie Graves —Graces mother, who arranges the journey to the horse whisperer, Robert Maclean —Graces father, and Annies husband

The Horse Whisperer (novel)
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First edition cover

45.
Variety (magazine)
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Variety is a weekly American entertainment trade magazine and website owned by Penske Media Corporation. The last daily printed edition was put out on March 19,2013, Variety originally reported on theater and vaudeville. Variety has been published since December 16,1905, when it was launched by Sime Silverman as a weekly periodical covering vaudeville with its headquarters in New York City, on January 19,1907, Variety published what is considered the first film review in history. In 1933, Sime Silverman launched Daily Variety, based in Hollywood, Sime Silverman had passed on the editorship of the Weekly Variety to Abel Green as his replacement in 1931, he remained as publisher until his death in 1933 soon after launching the Daily. His son Sidne Silverman, known as Skigie, succeeded him as publisher of both publications, both Sidne and his wife, stage actress Marie Saxon, died of tuberculosis. Their only son Syd Silverman, born 1932, was the heir to what was then Variety Inc. Young Syds legal guardian Harold Erichs oversaw Variety Inc. until 1956, after that date Syd Silverman was publisher of both the Weekly Variety in New York and the Daily Variety in Hollywood, until the sale of both papers in 1987 to the Cahners Corp. In L. A. the Daily was edited by Tom Pryor from 1959 until 1988, for twenty years its editor-in-chief was Peter Bart, originally only of the weekly New York edition, with Michael Silverman running the Daily in Hollywood. Bart had worked previously at Paramount Pictures and The New York Times, in April 2009, Bart moved to the position of vice president and editorial director, characterized online as Boffo No More, Bart Up and Out at Variety. From mid 2009 to 2013, Timothy M. Gray oversaw the publication as Editor-in-Chief, after over 30 years of various reporter, in October 2014, Eller and Wallenstein were upped to Co-Editors in Chief, with Littleton continuing to oversee the trades television coverage. This dissemination comes in the form of columns, news stories, images, video, Cahners Publishing purchased Variety from the Silverman family in 1987. On December 7,1988, Barts predecessor, Roger Watkins, proposed, upon its launch, the new-look Variety measured one inch shorter with a washed-out color on the front. In October 2012, Reed Business Information, the periodicals owner, PMC is the owner of Deadline. com, which since the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike has been considered Varietys largest competitor in online showbiz news. In October,2012, Jay Penske announced that the paywall would come down, the print publication would stay. A significant portion of the advertising revenue comes during the film-award season leading up to the Academy Awards. During this Awards Season, large numbers of colorful, full-page For Your Consideration advertisements inflate the size of Variety to double or triple its usual page count, paid circulation for the weekly Variety magazine in 2013 was 40,000. Each copy of each Variety issue is read by an average of three people, with a total readership of 120,000. Variety. com has 17 million unique monthly visitors, Variety is a weekly entertainment publication with a broad coverage of movies, television, theater, music and technology, written for entertainment executives

Variety (magazine)
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The Variety Building in December 2008.

46.
My Brother the Pig
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My Brother the Pig is a 1999 American fantasy-comedy film, directed by Erik Fleming and starring Scarlett Johansson, Judge Reinhold, Alex D. Linz, and Eva Mendes. A boy named George is magically transformed into a pig, meanwhile, Freud accidentally loses George to a butcher. With Kathy and her friends, they try to rescue George and they are able to get George to Coyote Mountain, under a full moon phase, where a potion has been prepared to return George to normal. Unfortunately, the butcher had followed them, just as the ritual had begun, matilda and Berta dose the butcher with the potion, turning him into a vulture, while George is restored to normal. They soon return home and act like nothings happened, except for the fact that George still has a pigs tail

My Brother the Pig
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Theatrical release poster

47.
Coen brothers
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Joel David Coen and Ethan Jesse Coen, collectively referred to as the Coen brothers, are American filmmakers. Their films span many genres and styles, which they frequently subvert or parody and their best-reviewed works include Fargo, The Big Lebowski, No Country for Old Men, A Serious Man, True Grit, and Inside Llewyn Davis. The brothers write, direct, and produce their films jointly, although until The Ladykillers, Joel received sole credit for directing and they often alternate top billing for their screenplays while sharing film credits for editor under the alias Roderick Jaynes. The duo also won the Palme dOr for Barton Fink, and were nominated for Fargo, the Coen brothers have written a number of films that neither of the two directed. Ethan is also a writer of stories, theater. Their films No Country for Old Men, A Serious Man, Joel and Ethan Coen were born and raised in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. Their mother, Rena, was an art historian at St. Cloud State University, when they were children, Joel saved money from mowing lawns to buy a Vivitar Super 8 camera. Together, the brothers remade movies they saw on television, with a kid, Mark Zimering. Their first attempt was a romp entitled Henry Kissinger, Man on the Go, cornel Wildes The Naked Prey became their Zeimers in Zambia, which also featured Ethan as a native with a spear. Joel Coen has said, in regards to whether our background influences our film making, theres no doubt that our Jewish heritage affects how we see things. Joel and Ethan graduated from St. Louis Park High School in 1973 and 1976 and they both also graduated from Bard College at Simons Rock in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Joel then spent four years in the film program at New York University. Ethan went on to Princeton University and earned a degree in philosophy in 1979. His senior thesis was a 41-page essay, Two Views of Wittgensteins Later Philosophy, Joel has been married to actress Frances McDormand since 1984. They adopted a son from Paraguay, named Pedro McDormand Coen and she also did a voice-over in Barton Fink. Ethan married film editor Tricia Cooke in 1990 and they have two children, daughter Dusty and son Buster Jacob, who goes to Vassar College. Both couples live in New York, after graduating from New York University, Joel worked as a production assistant on a variety of industrial films and music videos. He developed a talent for film editing and met Sam Raimi while assisting Enda Ruth Paul in editing Raimis first feature film, in 1984, the brothers wrote and directed Blood Simple, their first commercial film together

48.
Terry Zwigoff
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Terry Zwigoff is an American filmmaker whose work often deals with misfits, antiheroes, and themes of alienation. Zwigoff was born in Appleton, Wisconsin to a Jewish family of dairy farmers, raised in Chicago, Zwigoff moved to San Francisco in the 1970s and met cartoonist Robert Crumb, who shared his interest in pre-war American roots music. Zwigoff, who plays cello and mandolin, joined Crumb’s string band R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders with whom he recorded several records. Zwigoff began his career making documentary films, starting with 1985s Louie Bluie. Zwigoff had been inspired to locate and interview him after listening to a 30s recording, State Street Rag, Zwigoff worked on a documentary about R. Additionally, critic Gene Siskel named Crumb the best film of 1995 as did over ten other major film critics. It appeared on over 150 Ten Best Lists of important critics, Zwigoff’s first fiction feature film was the comedy-drama Ghost World, based on the comic book of the same name. For this, Zwigoff and co-writer Daniel Clowes were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, Ghost World was also nominated for two Golden Globe Awards and two AFI awards. USA Today and The Washington Post called it the best film of the year, Ghost World appeared on over 150 Ten Best Lists. Zwigoff’s next film was the 2003 black comedy Bad Santa whose star, the film cost $23 million to make and grossed over $76 million worldwide. His latest feature film was Art School Confidential whose best known stars are John Malkovich, Jim Broadbent, Art School Confidential was Zwigoff’s second collaboration with writer Daniel Clowes

Terry Zwigoff
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Zwigoff in 2012

49.
Daniel Clowes
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Daniel Gillespie Clowes is an American cartoonist, graphic novelist, illustrator, and screenwriter. Most of Clowess work first appeared in Eightball, an anthology comic book series. Clowes’s illustrations have appeared in The New Yorker, Newsweek, Vogue, The Village Voice, with filmmaker Terry Zwigoff, Clowes adapted Ghost World into a 2001 film and another Eightball story into the 2006 film, Art School Confidential. Clowes was born in Chicago, Illinois, to an auto mechanic mother and his mother was Jewish and his father was from a reserved WASPish Pennsylvania family, Clowes’s upbringing was not religious. In 1979, he finished school at the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools and attended the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York. Later, he received piles of 1950s and 1960s classic titles like Archie and The Fantastic Four from his older brother, Clowes and writer Mort Todd co-created a recurring Cracked feature titled The Uggly Family. In 1985, Clowes drew the first comic to feature his character Lloyd Llewellyn and he sent the story to Fantagraphics Gary Groth, and his work soon appeared in the Hernandez brothers Love and Rockets #13. Fantagraphics published six magazine-sized, black and white issues of Lloyd Llewellyn in 1986 and 1987, and The All-New Lloyd Llewellyn, in 1989, Fantagraphics published the first issue of Clowes’s comic book Eightball. On issue #1s masthead, Clowes described the anthology as An Orgy of Spite, Vengeance, Hopelessness, Despair, Eightball lasted twenty three issues, ending in 2004. One of the most widely acclaimed American alternative comics, it won two dozen awards, and all of Clowess Eightball serials have been collected and released as graphic novels. From #1 to #18, an Eightball issue typically contained short pieces that ranged in genre from comical rant and Freudian analysis to fairy tale and cultural criticism. These issues also featured a chapter of a serial that Clowes later collected as a novel, Like a Velvet Glove Cast in Iron, Pussey. With #19, Clowes abandoned the anthology format, the oversized black and white issues #19–21 each contained a single act of Clowess three-act David Boring, which was released as a graphic novel in 2000. Clowes again changed format with #22, the first full-color Eightball, #22 included a single graphic novel-length story Ice Haven. The final issue, #23 was a full-color, single-story comic The Death-Ray released in 2004 and he designed the labels mascot, Punky, who appeared on T-shirts, paddle-balls, watches, and other merchandise. In 1994, Clowes created art for the Ramones video I Dont Want to Grow Up, after Eightball ended in 2004, Clowes began to release full-color graphic novels, beginning in 2005 with Ice Haven, a revised version of the comic that appeared in Eightball #22. In 2010 Drawn and Quarterly published Wilson, Clowes’s first graphic novel that had not been serialized in Eightball,2011 also saw the Drawn and Quarterly hardcover release of The Death-Ray, which first appeared in Eightball #23. During this period, Clowes drew the first of several New Yorker covers and contributed comics to Zadie Smith’s The Book of Other People, in 2006, after a health crisis, Clowes underwent open-heart surgery