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Exploring the Pine Barrens of the Watershed

When you hear about pine barrens you think about New Jersey, but we actually have pine barrens here in the Anacostia watershed! An excellent description of this and other ecosystems present in the watershed can be found in the journal of the Maryland Native Plant Society, Marilandica. For more information click on this link and scroll down to the Spring 2008 issue of the journal and you will find the article entitled "Conservation Priorities and Selected Natural Communities of the Upper Anacostia Watershed" by Simmons et al.

The 225-acre Greenbelt Forest Preserve was officially established in 2003 after many years of struggles by a local group of residents of Greenbelt to preserve this important forests located right north of the beltway.

We had the pleasure of exploring the pine barrens of the Greenbelt Forest Preserve last Saturday (3/16) during a joint nature walk with the 10-Year Anniversary Celebration Committee of the Greenbelt Forest Preserve. The Greenbelt Forest Preserve is located in the Upper Beaverdam Creek, the least developed subwatershed within the Maryland portion of the Anacostia watershed. The subwatershed is 60% forested and only 6% impervious. The preserve protects the floodplain of the Goddard tributary of the Upper Beaverdam Creek. The sole purpose of the walk, a "Forest Ecology Walk", was to explore the woods of the preserve, to show the public the biodiversity protected within the boundaries of this amazing urban preserve. We had a pretty good turnout of 15 folks -- mostly neighbors of Greenbelt -- curious to learn about the natural jewels of their neighborhood forest.

The association of native pine trees and oak trees as well as certain species of understory plants such as the blueberry shrubs characterize this pine barren forest of the Anacostia watershed.

During the walk we came across this magnificent Crane-fly orchid (Tipularia discolor) a native perennial terrestrial orchid that blooms in mid to late summer and is pollinated by moths.

The city's name, Greenbelt, comes from the 800 acres of woodland that used to surround the city in the 1930s when it was developed. In the following decades the greenbelt woods were subject to significant change in land use from forest to residential areas until only 225 acres remained.ο»Ώο»Ώ That's the acreage that makes up today's Greenbelt Forest Preserve. It is important to note that saving these 225 acres of forest wasn't that easy; it was the vision of a group of citizens, the Committee to Save the Green Belt, formed in 1987. This wonderful group of citizens worked hard for decades to save the neighborhood's forest from development until the City Council of Greenbelt unanimously passed a resolution in 2003 to form the Greenbelt Forest Preserve.

AWS can't really thank enough the sustainability-minded neighbors of Greenbelt that made this preserve a green lung/carbon sink for future generations of Greenbelt! This preserve and its forests are vital for the environmental health of the Anacostia watershed. Without this preserve the Anacostia River would even have more severe sedimentation problems as well other kinds of pollution problems. Not only that, without those woods the city of Greenbelt would have been a very different place with dirtier air and a way less pretty community.

Even though the Upper Beaverdam Creek subwatershed is only 6% impervious, these developed areas have taken its toll on the Goddard tributary that runs through the preserve. This shows the importance of stormwater management on developed areas to mitigate the impacts of stormwater runoff on protected areas.

We had 15 people join the Forest Ecology Walk, most of them neighbors of Greenbelt curious to learn about the natural jewels of their neighborhood forest.

During our outing we were able to see the different plant communities that change as a result of the differences in topography, the soils and other factors. Some of the signature plant species that determine a pine barren are Pitch pines (Pinus rigida) and Virginia pines (Pinus virginiana) which grow in association with different species of oak trees including White oaks (Quercus alba), Southern red oaks (Quercus falcata), Scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea), and other species. Blueberries and huckleberries (Vaccinium spp.) are very common in the forest understory as well as Greenbriers, including the Catbrier (Smilax glauca); and the Partridge berry (Mitchella repens).

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