Other examples include the nineteenth century introduction of the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis), drastically affecting cotton production; or "multi-billion dollar threats posed by the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) and citrus canker (Xanthomonas campestris) to the fruit and vegetable production in several southern states; and the nearly completed campaign against wheat Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica)" (Sequeira, 1999, p.

Wheat that becomes unacceptable for human consumption, emitting fishy smell of trimethylamine due to karnal bunt of wheat (Tilletia indica), affects the international wheat trade extensively, owing to quarantine restrictions on germplasm movement across the borders.

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