Vitrification of articular cartilage (AC) could enhance tissue availability but requires high concentrations of cyroprotective agents (CPAs). This study investigated relative injuries caused by commonly used CPAs. We hypothesized that the in situ chondrocyte dose–injury relationships of five...

Background Vitrification is a method of cryopreservation by which cells and tissues can be preserved at low temperatures using cryoprotective agents (CPAs) at high concentrations (typically ⩾6.0 M) to limit the harmful effects of ice crystals that can form during cooling processes. However, at...

Large articular cartilage defects have proven difficult to treat and often result in osteoarthritis of the affected joint. Cryopreservation of articular cartilage can provide an increased supply of tissues for osteochondral allograft but cryoprotective agents are required; however, few studies...