4] Single-loop and double-loop learning were patterns first described by Chris Argyris and Donald Schön. Single-loop learning involves improving incrementally through learning new skills or capabilities, with managers perhaps learning to do something better but without challenging the underlying beliefs and assumptions behind their problems. Double-loop learning goes further than single-loop learning by reshaping the patterns of thinking and behaviour which govern why actions are taken. Double-loop learning is essential in the progression towards becoming a ‘learning organization’. See Chris Argyris, ‘Teaching smart people how to learn’, Harvard Business Review, May 1991. View