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Wrist injuries or carpal injuries are often associated with some loss of range of motion. Effective and appropriate and effective physical therapy and rehabiliatation can limit the amount of disability a patient sustains.
The ultimate goal of rehabilitation after wrist surgery is achieving a stable and pain-free joint that has sufficient mobility and strength to enable the patient to return to … [Read More...] about Postoperative Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation of Wrist Injuries

Antiseptics and disinfectants are nonselective, anti-infective agents that are applied topically.
In general, antiseptics are applied on tissues to suppress or prevent microbial infection. Disinfectants are germicidal compounds usually applied to inanimate surfaces.
Both can be covered by more general term, biocide.
Sometimes the same compound may act as an antiseptic and a disinfectant, … [Read More...] about Antiseptics and Disinfectants – Types and Uses

Internal fixation of scaphoid can be done either percuatenously or using open reduction.
With external fixation, the fracture healing is quicker than nonoperative treatment, and the period of postoperative immobilization is shortened.
In modern orthopedic practice, percutaneous fixation of the scaphoid is preferred where feasible because it is minimally invasive and there is no need for … [Read More...] about Internal Fixation of Scaphoid Fracture

Tumors

Chemotherapy literally means treatment of a disease by drugs. But the term has become synonym with chemotherapy of tumors. Tumor chemotherapy, along with surgery and radiotherapy form the basic pillars of cancer treatment. Tumor chemotherapy drugs are also called anti-neoplastic drugs.
Chemotherapy works by killing the cancerous cells which are fast growing cells … [Read More...] about What is Chemotherapy for Tumors and How Does it work

Tumor mineralization means deposition of additional mineral in and around focal lesions of bone.
Tumor mineralization is seen as
Mineralization of tumor matrix
Reactive bone proliferation
Mineral deposition in areas of degeneration or necrosis
The characteristic mineralization patterns have diagnostic significance.
Depending on the mineralization … [Read More...] about Tumor Mineralization Patterns

Trauma

Scaphoid is most frequently fractured carpal bone. Scaphoid fracture accounts for up to 15% of acute wrist injuries and 50% to 80% of carpal fractures. Scaphoid fracture has been reported in people aged 10-70 years but commonly occur in young, active individuals, peak incidence being in the second and third decades of life.
Scaphoid fractures are most common following … [Read More...] about Scaphoid Fractures – Causes, Classification, Presentation and Treatment

FOOSH is acronym for fall onto outstretched hand.
Fall is a common cause of orthopedic injuries. Whenever one falls, it is a protective reflex to outstretch hand. This fall on outstretched hand can lead different patterns of injuries
A number of injuries of the upper limb occur because of fall onto out stretched hand.
Hence commonly these are called FOOSH … [Read More...] about Fall on to Outstretched Hand or FOOSH Injuries

Scapholunate instability is spectrum of wrist instabilities that have occult scapholunate interosseous ligaments sprains on one side and scapaholunate advanced collapse on the other side.
Often the term is used interchangeably with scapholunate dissociation but in strict sense the scapholunate dissociation is one of the type of scapholunate instability.
To summarize, … [Read More...] about Scapholunate Instability [Scapholunate Ligament Injury]

Ankle injuries are very common injuries and not all ankle injuries require x-ray evaluation. Ottawa ankle rules for ankle injury radiography is a an attempt to answer when the x-rays should be done in cases of ankle injuries.
Because the rule is sensitive and not specific, it provides a clear guide of which patients not to x-ray if all criteria are met. However if a … [Read More...] about Ottawa Ankle Rules for Ankle Injury Radiography

The Mangled extremity severity score is used in patients with trauma to limb, particularly lower extremity trauma. As the name suggests, it determines how badly the injured limb is. The score applied to mangled extremities such as limbs over run by vehicles.
It was developed to discriminate between salvageable and the limbs which would require amputation in course of … [Read More...] about Mangled Extremity Severity Score

First described as a syndrome by Apert in 1906 Apert syndrome primarily affects the head, hands, and feet and is characterized by synostosis [fusion] of the cranial sutures … [Read More...] about Apert Syndrome