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TNFα was isolated in 1975 by Carswell et al as a soluble factor released by host cells that caused necrosis of a transplanted tumor, "[sarcoma Meth A". Although TNFα does cause the necrosis of some tumors, it may stimulate the growth of others. In that sense, the name is somewhat of a misnomer.

Such drugs may raise the risk of contracting tuberculosis or causing a latent infection to become active. The anti-TNF monoclonal antibody biologics, Infliximab and adalimumab, and the fusion proteinetanercept which are all currently FDA approved for human use, have label warnings which state that patients should be evaluated for latent TB infection and treatment should be initiated prior to starting therapy with these medications.