4 Sec. 2 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT 190 Sec Public protection. Sec Asbestos ombudsman. Sec EPA study of asbestos-containing material in public buildings. Sec Transition rules. Sec Worker protection. Sec Training grants. TITLE III INDOOR RADON ABATEMENT Sec National goal. Sec Definitions. Sec EPA Citizen s guide. Sec Model construction standards and techniques. Sec Technical assistance to State for radon programs. Sec Grant assistance to States for radon programs. Sec Radon in schools. Sec Regional radon training centers. Sec Study of radon in Federal buildings. Sec Regulations. Sec Additional authorizations. TITLE IV LEAD EXPOSURE REDUCTION Sec Definitions. Sec Lead-based paint activities training and certification. Sec Identification of dangerous levels of lead. Sec Authorized State programs. Sec Lead abatement and measurement. Sec Lead hazard information pamphlet. Sec Regulations. Sec Control of lead-based paint hazards at Federal facilities. Sec Prohibited acts. Sec Relationship to other Federal law. Sec General provisions relating to administrative proceedings. Sec Authorization of appropriations. SEC. 2. FINDINGS, POLICY, AND INTENT. (a) FINDINGS. The Congress finds that (1) human beings and the environment are being exposed each year to a large number of chemical substances and mixtures. (2) among the many chemical substances and mixtures which are constantly being developed and produced, there are some whose manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, or disposal may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment; and (3) the effective regulation of interstate commerce in such chemical substances and mixtures also necessitates the regulation of intrastate commerce in such chemical substances and mixtures. (b) POLICY. It is the policy of the United States that (1) adequate data should be developed with respect to the effect of chemical substances and mixtures on health and the environment and that the development of such data should be the responsibility of those who manufacture and those who process such chemical substances and mixtures; (2) adequate authority should exist to regulate chemical substances and mixtures which present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment, and to take action with respect to chemical substances and mixtures which are imminent hazards; and (3) authority over chemical substances and mixtures should be exercised in such a manner as not to impede unduly

5 191 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT Sec. 3 or create unnecessary economic barriers to technological innovation while fulfilling the primary purpose of this Act to assure that such innovation and commerce in such chemical substances and mixtures do not present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment. (c) INTENT OF CONGRESS. It is the intent of Congress that the Administrator shall carry out this Act in a reasonable and prudent manner, and that the Administrator shall consider the environmental, economic, and social impact of any action the Administrator takes or proposes to take under this Act. [15 U.S.C. 2601] SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. As used in this Act: (1) The 1 term Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. (2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term chemical substance means any organic or inorganic substance of a particular molecular identity, including (i) any combination of such substances occurring in whole or in part as a result of a chemical reaction or occurring in nature, and (ii) any element or uncombined radical. (B) Such term does not include (i) any mixture, (ii) any pesticide (as defined in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act) when manufactured, processed, or distributed in commerce for use as a pesticide, (iii) tobacco or any tobacco product, (iv) any source material, special nuclear material, or byproduct material (as such terms are defined in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and regulations issued under such Act), (v) any article the sale of which is subject to the tax imposed by section 4181 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (determined without regard to any exemptions from such tax provided by section 4182 or 4221 or any other provision of such Code), and (vi) any food, food additive, drug, cosmetic, or device (as such terms are defined in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act) when manufactured, processed, or distributed in commerce for use as a food, food additive, drug, cosmetic, or device. The term food as used in clause (vi) of this subparagraph includes poultry and poultry products (as defined in sections 4(e) and 4(f) of the Poultry Products Inspection Act), meat and meat food products (as defined in section 1(j) of the Federal Meat Inspection Act), and eggs and egg products (as defined in section 4 of the Egg Products Inspection Act). (3) The term commerce means trade, traffic, transportation, or other commerce (A) between a place in a State and any place outside of such State, or (B) which affects trade, traffic, transportation, or commerce described in clause (A). 1 In Public Law , which enacted this section, the word the was lower case. The has been shown capitalized to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

6 Sec. 3 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT 192 (4) The terms distribute in commerce and distribution in commerce when used to describe an action taken with respect to a chemical substance or mixture or article containing a substance or mixture mean to sell, or the sale of, the substance, mixture, or article in commerce; to introduce or deliver for introduction into commerce, or the introduction or delivery for introduction into commerce of, the substance, mixture, or article; or to hold, or the holding of, the substance, mixture, or article after its introduction into commerce. (5) The term environment includes water, air, and land and the interrelationship which exists among and between water, air, and land and all living things. (6) The term health and safety study means any study of any effect of a chemical substance or mixture on health or the environment or on both, including underlying data and epidemiological studies, studies of occupational exposure to a chemical substance or mixture, toxicological, clinical, and ecological studies of a chemical substance or mixture, and any test performed pursuant to this Act. (7) The term manufacture means to import into the customs territory of the United States (as defined in general note 2 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedules of the United States), produce, or manufacture. (8) The term mixture means any combination of two or more chemical substances if the combination does not occur in nature and is not, in whole or in part, the result of a chemical reaction; except that such term does include any combination which occurs, in whole or in part, as a result of a chemical reaction if none of the chemical substances comprising the combination is a new chemical substance and if the combination could have been manufactured for commercial purposes without a chemical reaction at the time the chemical substances comprising the combination were combined. (9) The term new chemical substance means any chemical substance which is not included in the chemical substance list compiled and published under section 8(b). (10) The term process means the preparation of a chemical substance or mixture, after its manufacture, for distribution in commerce (A) in the same form or physical state as, or in a different form or physical state from, that in which it was received by the person so preparing such substance or mixture, or (B) as part of an article containing the chemical substance or mixture. (11) The term processor means any person who processes a chemical substance or mixture. (12) The term standards for the development of test data means a prescription of (A) the (i) health and environmental effects, and (ii) information relating to toxicity, persistence, and other characteristics which affect health and the environment,

7 193 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT Sec. 4 for which test data for a chemical substance or mixture are to be developed and any analysis that is to be performed on such data, and (B) to the extent necessary to assure that data respecting such effects and characteristics are reliable and adequate (i) the manner in which such data are to be developed, (ii) the specification of any test protocol or methodology to be employed in the development of such data, and (iii) such other requirements as are necessary to provide such assurance. (13) The term State means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, the Canal Zone, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States. (14) The term United States, when used in the geographic sense, means all of the States. [15 U.S.C. 2602] SEC. 4. TESTING OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES. (a) TESTING REQUIREMENTS. If the Administrator finds that (1)(A)(i) the manufacture, distribution in commerce, processing, use, or disposal of a chemical substance or mixture, or that any combination of such activities, may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment, (ii) there are insufficient data and experience upon which the effects of such manufacture, distribution in commerce, processing, use, or disposal of such substance or mixture or of any combination of such activities on health or the environment can reasonably be determined or predicted, and (iii) testing of such substance or mixture with respect to such effects is necessary to develop such data; or (B)(i) a chemical substance or mixture is or will be produced in substantial quantities, and (I) it enters or may reasonably be anticipated to enter the environment in substantial quantities or (II) there is or may be significant or substantial human exposure to such substance or mixture, (ii) there are insufficient data and experience upon which the effects of the manufacture, distribution in commerce, processing, use, or disposal of such substance or mixture or of any combination of such activities on health or the environment can reasonably be determined or predicted, and (iii) testing of such substance or mixture with respect to such effects is necessary to develop such data; and (2) in the case of a mixture, the effects which the mixture s manufacture, distribution in commerce, processing, use, or disposal or any combination of such activities may have on health or the environment may not be reasonably and more efficiently determined or predicted by testing the chemical substances which comprise the mixture; the Administrator shall by rule require that testing be conducted on such substance or mixture to develop data with respect to the health and environmental effects for which there is an insufficiency of data and experience and which are relevant to a determination

8 Sec. 4 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT 194 that the manufacture, distribution in commerce, processing, use, or disposal of such substance or mixture, or that any combination of such activities, does or does not present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment. (b)(1) TESTING REQUIREMENT RULE. A rule under subsection (a) shall include (A) identification of the chemical substance or mixture for which testing is required under the rule, (B) standards for the development of test data for such substance or mixture, and (C) with respect to chemical substances which are not new chemical substances and to mixtures, a specification of the period (which period may not be of unreasonable duration) within which the persons required to conduct the testing shall submit to the Administrator data developed in accordance with the standards referred to in subparagraph (B). In determining the standards and period to be included, pursuant to subparagraphs (B) and (C), in a rule under subsection (a), the Administrator s considerations shall include the relative costs of the various test protocols and methodologies which may be required under the rule and the reasonably foreseeable availability of the facilities and personnel needed to perform the testing required under the rule. Any such rule may require the submission to the Administrator of preliminary data during the period prescribed under subparagraph (C). (2)(A) The health and environmental effects for which standards for the development of test data may be prescribed include carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, teratogenesis, behavioral disorders, cumulative or synergistic effects, and any other effect which may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment. The characteristics of chemical substances and mixtures for which such standards may be prescribed include persistence, acute toxicity, subacute toxicity, chronic toxicity, and any other characteristic which may present such a risk. The methodologies that may be prescribed in such standards include epidemiologic studies, serial or hierarchical tests, in vitro tests, and whole animal tests, except that before prescribing epidemiologic studies of employees, the Administrator shall consult with the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. (B) From time to time, but not less than once each 12 months, the Administrator shall review the adequacy of the standards for development of data prescribed in rules under subsection (a) and shall, if necessary, institute proceedings to make appropriate revisions of such standards. (3)(A) A rule under subsection (a) respecting a chemical substance or mixture shall require the persons described in subparagraph (B) to conduct tests and submit data to the Administrator on such substance or mixture, except that the Administrator may permit two or more of such persons to designate one such person or a qualified third party to conduct such tests and submit such data on behalf of the persons making the designation. (B) The following persons shall be required to conduct tests and submit data on a chemical substance or mixture subject to a rule under subsection (a):

9 195 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT Sec. 4 (i) Each person who manufactures or intends to manufacture such substance or mixture if the Administrator makes a finding described in subsection (a)(1)(a)(ii) or (a)(1)(b)(ii) with respect to the manufacture of such substance or mixture. (ii) Each person who processes or intends to process such substance or mixture if the Administrator makes a finding described in subsection (a)(1)(a)(ii) or (a)(1)(b)(ii) with respect to the processing of such substance or mixture. (iii) Each person who manufactures or processes or intends to manufacture or process such substance or mixture if the Administrator makes a finding described in subsection (a)(1)(a)(ii) or (a)(1)(b)(ii) with respect to the distribution in commerce, use, or disposal of such substance or mixture. (4) Any rule under subsection (a) requiring the testing of and submission of data for a particular chemical substance or mixture shall expire at the end of the reimbursement period (as defined in subsection (c)(3)(b)) which is applicable to test data for such substance or mixture unless the Administrator repeals the rule before such date; and a rule under subsection (a) requiring the testing of and submission of data for a category of chemical substances or mixtures shall expire with respect to a chemical substance or mixture included in the category at the end of the reimbursement period (as so defined) which is applicable to test data for such substance or mixture unless the Administrator before such date repeals the application of the rule to such substance or mixture or repeals the rule. (5) Rules issued under subsection (a) (and any substantive amendment thereto or repeal thereof) shall be promulgated pursuant to section 553 of title 5, United States Code, except that (A) the Administrator shall give interested persons an opportunity for the oral presentation of data, views, or arguments, in addition to an opportunity to make written submission; (B) a transcript shall be made of any oral presentation; and (C) the Administrator shall make and publish with the rule the findings described in paragraph (1)(A) or (1)(B) of subsection (a) and, in the case of a rule respecting a mixture, the finding described in paragraph (2) of such subsection. (c) EXEMPTION. (1) Any person required by a rule under subsection (a) to conduct tests and submit data on a chemical substance or mixture may apply to the Administrator (in such form and manner as the Administrator shall prescribe) for an exemption from such requirement. (2) If, upon receipt of an application under paragraph (1), the Administrator determines that (A) the chemical substance or mixture with respect to which such application was submitted is equivalent to a chemical substance or mixture for which data has been submitted to the Administrator in accordance with a rule under subsection (a) or for which data is being developed pursuant to such a rule, and (B) submission of data by the applicant on such substance or mixture would be duplicative of data which has been submitted to the Administrator in accordance with such rule or which is being developed pursuant to such rule,

10 Sec. 4 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT 196 the Administrator shall exempt, in accordance with paragraph (3) or (4), the applicant from conducting tests and submitting data on such substance or mixture under the rule with respect to which such application was submitted. (3)(A) If the exemption under paragraph (2) of any person from the requirement to conduct tests and submit test data on a chemical substance or mixture is granted on the basis of the existence of previously submitted test data and if such exemption is granted during the reimbursement period for such test data (as prescribed by subparagraph (B)), then (unless such person and the persons referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) agree on the amount and method of reimbursement) the Administrator shall order the person granted the exemption to provide fair and equitable reimbursement (in an amount determined under rules of the Administrator) (i) to the person who previously submitted such test data, for a portion of the costs incurred by such person in complying with the requirement to submit such data, and (ii) to any other person who has been required under this subparagraph to contribute with respect to such costs, for a portion of the amount such person was required to contribute. In promulgating rules for the determination of fair and equitable reimbursement to the persons described in clauses (i) and (ii) for costs incurred with respect to a chemical substance or mixture, the Administrator shall, after consultation with the Attorney General and the Federal Trade Commission, consider all relevant factors, including the effect on the competitive position of the person required to provide reimbursement in relation to the person to be reimbursed and the share of the market for such substance or mixture of the person required to provide reimbursement in relation to the share of such market of the persons to be reimbursed. An order under this subparagraph shall, for purposes of judicial review, be considered final agency action. (B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the reimbursement period for any test data for a chemical substance or mixture is a period (i) beginning on the date such data is submitted in accordance with a rule promulgated under subsection (a), and (ii) ending (I) five years after the date referred to in clause (i), or (II) at the expiration of a period which begins on the date referred to in clause (i) and which is equal to the period which the Administrator determines was necessary to develop such data, whichever is later. (4)(A) If the exemption under paragraph (2) of any person from the requirement to conduct tests and submit test data on a chemical substance or mixture is granted on the basis of the fact that test data is being developed by one or more persons pursuant to a rule promulgated under subsection (a), then (unless such person and the persons referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) agree on the amount and method of reimbursement) the Administrator shall order the person granted the exemption to provide fair and equitable reimbursement (in an amount determined under rules of the Administrator)

11 197 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT Sec. 4 (i) to each such person who is developing such test data, for a portion of the costs incurred by each such person in complying with such rule, and (ii) to any other person who has been required under this subparagraph to contribute with respect to the costs of complying with such rule, for a portion of the amount such person was required to contribute. In promulgating rules for the determination of fair and equitable reimbursement to the persons described in clauses (i) and (ii) for costs incurred with respect to a chemical substance or mixture, the Administrator shall, after consultation with the Attorney General and the Federal Trade Commission, consider the factors described in the second sentence of paragraph (3)(A). An order under this subparagraph shall, for purposes of judicial review, be considered final agency action. (B) If any exemption is granted under paragraph (2) on the basis of the fact that one or more persons are developing test data pursuant to a rule promulgated under subsection (a) and if after such exemption is granted the Administrator determines that no such person has complied with such rule, the Administrator shall (i) after providing written notice to the person who holds such exemption and an opportunity for a hearing, by order terminate such exemption, and (ii) notify in writing such person of the requirements of the rule with respect to which such exemption was granted. (d) NOTICE. Upon the receipt of any test data pursuant to a rule under subsection (a), the Administrator shall publish a notice of the receipt of such data in the Federal Register within 15 days of its receipt. Subject to section 14, each such notice shall (1) identify the chemical substance or mixture for which data have been received; (2) list the uses or intended uses of such substance or mixture and the information required by the applicable standards for the development of test data; and (3) describe the nature of the test data developed. Except as otherwise provided in section 14, such data shall be made available by the Administrator for examination by any person. (e) PRIORITY LIST. (1)(A) There is established a committee to make recommendations to the Administrator respecting the chemical substances and mixtures to which the Administrator should give priority consideration for the promulgation of a rule under subsection (a). In making such a recommendation with respect to any chemical substance or mixture, the committee shall consider all relevant factors, including (i) the quantities in which the substance or mixture is or will be manufactured, (ii) the quantities in which the substance or mixture enters or will enter the environment, (iii) the number of individuals who are or will be exposed to the substance or mixture in their places of employment and the duration of such exposure, (iv) the extent to which human beings are or will be exposed to the substance or mixture, (v) the extent to which the substance or mixture is closely related to a chemical substance or mixture which is known to

12 Sec. 4 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT 198 present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment, (vi) the existence of data concerning the effects of the substance or mixture on health or the environment, (vii) the extent to which testing of the substance or mixture may result in the development of data upon which the effects of the substance or mixture on health or the environment can reasonably be determined or predicted, and (viii) the reasonably foreseeable availability of facilities and personnel for performing testing on the substance or mixture. The recommendations of the committee shall be in the form of a list of chemical substances and mixtures which shall be set forth, either by individual substance or mixture or by groups of substances or mixtures, in the order in which the committee determines the Administrator should take action under subsection (a) with respect to the substances and mixtures. In establishing such list, the committee shall give priority attention to those chemical substances and mixtures which are known to cause or contribute to or which are suspected of causing or contributing to cancer, gene mutations, or birth defects. The committee shall designate chemical substances and mixtures on the list with respect to which the committee determines the Administrator should, within 12 months of the date on which such substances and mixtures are first designated, initiate a proceeding under subsection (a). The total number of chemical substances and mixtures on the list which are designated under the preceding sentence may not, at any time, exceed 50. (B) As soon as practicable but not later than nine months after the effective date of this Act, the committee shall publish in the Federal Register and transmit to the Administrator the list and designations required by subparagraph (A) together with the reasons for the committee s inclusion of each chemical substance or mixture on the list. At least every six months after the date of the transmission to the Administrator of the list pursuant to the preceeding 1 sentence, the committee shall make such revisions in the list as it determines to be necessary and shall transmit them to the Administrator together with the committee s reasons for the revisions. Upon receipt of any such revision, the Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register the list with such revision, the reasons for such revision, and the designations made under subparagraph (A). The Administrator shall provide reasonable opportunity to any interested person to file with the Administrator written comments on the committee s list, any revision of such list by the committee, and designations made by the committee, and shall make such comments available to the public. Within the 12- month period beginning on the date of the first inclusion on the list of a chemical substance or mixture designated by the committee under subparagraph (A) the Administrator shall with respect to such chemical substance or mixture either initiate a rulemaking proceeding under subsection (a) or if such a proceeding is not initi- 1 So in law. Probably should be preceding.

13 199 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT Sec. 4 ated within such period, publish in the Federal Register the Administrator s reason for not initiating such a proceeding. (2)(A) The committee established by paragraph (1)(A) shall consist of eight members as follows: (i) One member appointed by the Administrator from the Environmental Protection Agency. (ii) One member appointed by the Secretary of Labor from officers or employees of the Department of Labor engaged in the Secretary s activities under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of (iii) One member appointed by the Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality from the Council or its officers or employees. (iv) One member appointed by the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health from officers or employees of the Institute. (v) One member appointed by the Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences from officers or employees of the Institute. (vi) One member appointed by the Director of the National Cancer Institute from officers or employees of the Institute. (vii) One member appointed by the Director of the National Science Foundation from officers or employees of the Foundation. (viii) One member appointed by the Secretary of Commerce from officers or employees of the Department of Commerce. (B)(i) An appointed member may designate an individual to serve on the committee on the member s behalf. Such a designation may be made only with the approval of the applicable appointing authority and only if the individual is from the entity from which the member was appointed. (ii) No individual may serve as a member of the committee for more than four years in the aggregate. If any member of the committee leaves the entity from which the member was appointed, such member may not continue as a member of the committee, and the member s position shall be considered to be vacant. A vacancy in the committee shall be filled in the same manner in which the original appointment was made. (iii) Initial appointments to the committee shall be made not later than the 60th day after the effective date of this Act. Not later than the 90th day after such date the members of the committee shall hold a meeting for the selection of a chairperson from among their number. (C)(i) No member of the committee, or designee of such member, shall accept employment or compensation from any person subject to any requirement of this Act or of any rule promulgated or order issued thereunder, for a period of at least 12 months after termination of service on the committee. (ii) No person, while serving as a member of the committee, or designee of such member, may own any stocks or bonds, or have any pecuniary interest, of substantial value in any person engaged in the manufacture, processing, or distribution in commerce of any

14 Sec. 5 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT 200 chemical substance or mixture subject to any requirement of this Act or of any rule promulgated or order issued thereunder. (iii) The Administrator, acting through attorneys of the Environmental Protection Agency, or the Attorney General may bring an action in the appropriate district court of the United States to restrain any violation of this subparagraph. (D) The Administrator shall provide the committee such administrative support services as may be necessary to enable the committee to carry out its function under this subsection. (f) REQUIRED ACTIONS. Upon the receipt of (1) any test data required to be submitted under this Act, or (2) any other information available to the Administrator, which indicates to the Administrator that there may be a reasonable basis to conclude that a chemical substance or mixture presents or will present a significant risk of serious or widespread harm to human beings from cancer, gene mutations, or birth defects, the Administrator shall, within the 180-day period beginning on the date of the receipt of such data or information, initiate appropriate action under section 5, 6, or 7 to prevent or reduce to a sufficient extent such risk or publish in the Federal Register a finding that such risk is not unreasonable. For good cause shown the Administrator may extend such period for an additional period of not more than 90 days. The Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register notice of any such extension and the reasons therefor. A finding by the Administrator that a risk is not unreasonable shall be considered agency action for purposes of judicial review under chapter 7 of title 5, United States Code. This subsection shall not take effect until two years after the effective date of this Act. (g) PETITION FOR STANDARDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TEST DATA. A person intending to manufacture or process a chemical substance for which notice is required under section 5(a) and who is not required under a rule under subsection (a) to conduct tests and submit data on such substance may petition the Administrator to prescribe standards for the development of test data for such substance. The Administrator shall by order either grant or deny any such petition within 60 days of its receipt. If the petition is granted, the Administrator shall prescribe such standards for such substance within 75 days of the date the petition is granted. If the petition is denied, the Administrator shall publish, subject to section 14, in the Federal Register the reasons for such denial. [15 U.S.C. 2603] SEC. 5. MANUFACTURING AND PROCESSING NOTICES. (a) IN GENERAL. (1) Except as provided in subsection (h), no person may (A) manufacture a new chemical substance on or after the 30th day after the date on which the Administrator first publishes the list required by section 8(b), or (B) manufacture or process any chemical substance for a use which the Administrator has determined, in accordance with paragraph (2), is a significant new use,

15 201 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT Sec. 5 unless such person submits to the Administrator, at least 90 days before such manufacture or processing, a notice, in accordance with subsection (d), of such person s intention to manufacture or process such substance and such person complies with any applicable requirement of subsection (b). (2) A determination by the Administrator that a use of a chemical substance is a significant new use with respect to which notification is required under paragraph (1) shall be made by a rule promulgated after a consideration of all relevant factors, including (A) the projected volume of manufacturing and processing of a chemical substance, (B) the extent to which a use changes the type or form of exposure of human beings or the environment to a chemical substance, (C) the extent to which a use increases the magnitude and duration of exposure of human beings or the environment to a chemical substance, and (D) the reasonably anticipated manner and methods of manufacturing, processing, distribution in commerce, and disposal of a chemical substance. (b) SUBMISSION OF TEST DATA. (1)(A) If (i) a person is required by subsection (a)(1) to submit a notice to the Administrator before beginning the manufacture or processing of a chemical substance, and (ii) such person is required to submit test data for such substance pursuant to a rule promulgated under section 4 before the submission of such notice, such person shall submit to the Administrator such data in accordance with such rule at the time notice is submitted in accordance with subsection (a)(1). (B) If (i) a person is required by subsection (a)(1) to submit a notice to the Administrator, and (ii) such person has been granted an exemption under section 4(c) from the requirements of a rule promulgated under section 4 before the submission of such notice, such person may not, before the expiration of the 90-day period which begins on the date of the submission in accordance with such rule of the test data the submission or development of which was the basis for the exemption, manufacture such substance if such person is subject to subsection (a)(1)(a) or manufacture or process such substance for a significant new use if the person is subject to subsection (a)(1)(b). (2)(A) If a person (i) is required by subsection (a)(1) to submit a notice to the Administrator before beginning the manufacture or processing of a chemical substance listed under paragraph (4), and (ii) is not required by a rule promulgated under section 4 before the submission of such notice to submit test data for such substance, such person shall submit to the Administrator data prescribed by subparagraph (B) at the time notice is submitted in accordance with subsection (a)(1). (B) Data submitted pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be data which the person submitting the data believes show that

16 Sec. 5 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT 202 (i) in the case of a substance with respect to which notice is required under subsection (a)(1)(a), the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, and disposal of the chemical substance or any combination of such activities will not present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment, or (ii) in the case of a chemical substance with respect to which notice is required under subsection (a)(1)(b), the intended significant new use of the chemical substance will not present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment. (3) Data submitted under paragraph (1) or (2) shall be made available, subject to section 14, for examination by interested persons. (4)(A)(i) The Administrator may, by rule, compile and keep current a list of chemical substances with respect to which the Administrator finds that the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, or disposal, or any combination of such activities, presents or may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment. (ii) In making a finding under clause (i) that the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, or disposal of a chemical substance or any combination of such activities presents or may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment, the Administrator shall consider all relevant factors, including (I) the effects of the chemical substance on health and the magnitude of human exposure to such substance; and (II) the effects of the chemical substance on the environment and the magnitude of environmental exposure to such substance. (B) The Administrator shall, in prescribing a rule under subparagraph (A) which lists any chemical substance, identify those uses, if any, which the Administrator determines, by rule under subsection (a)(2), would constitute a significant new use of such substance. (C) Any rule under subparagraph (A), and any substantive amendment or repeal of such a rule, shall be promulgated pursuant to the procedures specified in section 553 of title 5, United States Code, except that (i) the Administrator shall give interested persons an opportunity for the oral presentation of data, views, or arguments, in addition to an opportunity to make written submissions, (ii) a transcript shall be kept of any oral presentation, and (iii) the Administrator shall make and publish with the rule the finding described in subparagraph (A). (c) EXTENSION OF NOTICE PERIOD. The Administrator may for good cause extend for additional periods (not to exceed in the aggregate 90 days) the period, prescribed by subsection (a) or (b) before which the manufacturing or processing of a chemical substance subject to such subsection may begin. Subject to section 14, such an extension and the reasons therefor shall be published in the Federal Register and shall constitute a final agency action subject to judicial review.

17 203 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT Sec. 5 (d) CONTENT OF NOTICE; PUBLICATIONS IN THE FEDERAL REG- ISTER. (1) The notice required by subsection (a) shall include (A) insofar as known to the person submitting the notice or insofar as reasonably ascertainable, the information described in subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D), (F), and (G) of section 8(a)(2), and (B) in such form and manner as the Administrator may prescribe, any test data in the possession or control of the person giving such notice which are related to the effect of any manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, or disposal of such substance or any article containing such substance, or of any combination of such activities, on health or the environment, and (C) a description of any other data concerning the environmental and health effects of such substance, insofar as known to the person making the notice or insofar as reasonably ascertainable. Such a notice shall be made available, subject to section 14, for examination by interested persons. (2) Subject to section 14, not later than five days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays) after the date of the receipt of a notice under subsection (a) or of data under subsection (b), the Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register a notice which (A) identifies the chemical substance for which notice or data has been received; (B) lists the uses or intended uses of such substance; and (C) in the case of the receipt of data under subsection (b), describes the nature of the tests performed on such substance and any data which was developed pursuant to subsection (b) or a rule under section 4. A notice under this paragraph respecting a chemical substance shall identify the chemical substance by generic class unless the Administrator determines that more specific identification is required in the public interest. (3) At the beginning of each month the Administrator shall publish a list in the Federal Register of (A) each chemical substance for which notice has been received under subsection (a) and for which the notification period prescribed by subsection (a), (b), or (c) has not expired, and (B) each chemical substance for which such notification period has expired since the last publication in the Federal Register of such list. (e) REGULATION PENDING DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION. (1)(A) If the Administrator determines that (i) the information available to the Administrator is insufficient to permit a reasoned evaluation of the health and environmental effects of a chemical substance with respect to which notice is required by subsection (a); and (ii)(i) in the absence of sufficient information to permit the Administrator to make such an evaluation, the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, or disposal of such substance, or any combination of such activities, may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment, or

18 Sec. 5 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT 204 (II) such substance is or will be produced in substantial quantities, and such substance either enters or may reasonably be anticipated to enter the environment in substantial quantities or there is or may be significant or substantial human exposure to the substance, the Administrator may issue a proposed order, to take effect on the expiration of the notification period applicable to the manufacturing or processing of such substance under subsection (a), (b), or (c), to prohibit or limit the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, or disposal of such substance or to prohibit or limit any combination of such activities. (B) A proposed order may not be issued under subparagraph (A) respecting a chemical substance (i) later than 45 days before the expiration of the notification period applicable to the manufacture or processing of such substance under subsection (a), (b), or (c), and (ii) unless the Administrator has, on or before the issuance of the proposed order, notified, in writing, each manufacturer or processor, as the case may be, of such substance of the determination which underlies such order. (C) If a manufacturer or processor of a chemical substance to be subject to a proposed order issued under subparagraph (A) files with the Administrator (within the 30-day period beginning on the date such manufacturer or processor received the notice required by subparagraph (B)(ii)) objections specifying with particularity the provisions of the order deemed objectionable and stating the grounds therefor, the proposed order shall not take effect. (2)(A)(i) Except as provided in clause (ii), if with respect to a chemical substance with respect to which notice is required by subsection (a), the Administrator makes the determination described in paragraph (1)(A) and if (I) the Administrator does not issue a proposed order under paragraph (1) respecting such substance, or (II) the Administrator issues such an order respecting such substance but such order does not take effect because objections were filed under paragraph (1)(C) with respect to it, the Administrator, through attorneys of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall apply to the United States District Court for the District of Columbia or the United States district court for the judicial district in which the manufacturer or processor, as the case may be, of such substance is found, resides, or transacts business for an injunction to prohibit or limit the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, or disposal of such substance (or to prohibit or limit any combination of such activities). (ii) If the Administrator issues a proposed order under paragraph (1)(A) respecting a chemical substance but such order does not take effect because objections have been filed under paragraph (1)(C) with respect to it, the Administrator is not required to apply for an injunction under clause (i) respecting such substance if the Administrator determines, on the basis of such objections, that the determinations under paragraph (1)(A) may not be made. (B) A district court of the United States which receives an application under subparagraph (A)(i) for an injunction respecting a chemical substance shall issue such injunction if the court finds that

19 205 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT Sec. 5 (i) the information available to the Administrator is insufficient to permit a reasoned evaluation of the health and environmental effects of a chemical substance with respect to which notice is required by subsection (a); and (ii)(i) in the absence of sufficient information to permit the Administrator to make such an evaluation, the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, or disposal of such substance, or any combination of such activities, may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment, or (II) such substance is or will be produced in substantial quantities, and such substance either enters or may reasonably be anticipated to enter the environment in substantial quantities or there is or may be significant or substantial human exposure to the substance. (C) Pending the completion of a proceeding for the issuance of an injunction under subparagraph (B) respecting a chemical substance, the court may, upon application of the Administrator made through attorneys of the Environmental Protection Agency, issue a temporary restraining order or a preliminary injunction to prohibit the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, or disposal of such a substance (or any combination of such activities) if the court finds that the notification period applicable under subsection (a), (b), or (c) to the manufacturing or processing of such substance may expire before such proceeding can be completed. (D) After the submission to the Administrator of test data sufficient to evaluate the health and environmental effects of a chemical substance subject to an injunction issued under subparagraph (B) and the evaluation of such data by the Administrator, the district court of the United States which issued such injunction shall, upon petition, dissolve the injunction unless the Administrator has initiated a proceeding for the issuance of a rule under section 6(a) respecting the substance. If such a proceeding has been initiated, such court shall continue the injunction in effect until the effective date of the rule promulgated in such proceeding or, if such proceeding is terminated without the promulgation of a rule, upon the termination of the proceeding, whichever occurs first. (f) PROTECTION AGAINST UNREASONABLE RISKS. (1) If the Administrator finds that there is a reasonable basis to conclude that the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, or disposal of a chemical substance with respect to which notice is required by subsection (a), or that any combination of such activities, presents or will present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or environment before a rule promulgated under section 6 can protect against such risk, the Administrator shall, before the expiration of the notification period applicable under subsection (a), (b), or (c) to the manufacturing or processing of such substance, take the action authorized by paragraph (2) or (3) to the extent necessary to protect against such risk. (2) The Administrator may issue a proposed rule under section 6(a) to apply to a chemical substance with respect to which a finding was made under paragraph (1) (A) a requirement limiting the amount of such substance which may be manufactured, processed, or distributed in commerce,

20 Sec. 5 TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT 206 (B) a requirement described in paragraph (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), or (7) of section 6(a), or (C) any combination of the requirements referred to in subparagraph (B). Such a proposed rule shall be effective upon its publication in the Federal Register. Section 6(d)(2)(B) shall apply with respect to such rule. (3)(A) The Administrator may (i) issue a proposed order to prohibit the manufacture, processing, or distribution in commerce of a substance with respect to which a finding was made under paragraph (1), or (ii) apply, through attorneys of the Environmental Protection Agency, to the United States District Court for the District of Columbia or the United States district court for the judicial district in which the manufacturer, or processor, as the case may be, of such substance, is found, resides, or transacts business for an injunction to prohibit the manufacture, processing, or distribution in commerce of such substance. A proposed order issued under clause (i) respecting a chemical substance shall take effect on the expiration of the notification period applicable under subsection (a), (b), or (c) to the manufacture or processing of such substance. (B) If the district court of the United States to which an application has been made under subparagraph (A)(ii) finds that there is a reasonable basis to conclude that the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, or disposal of the chemical substance with respect to which such application was made, or that any combination of such activities, presents or will present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment before a rule promulgated under section 6 can protect against such risk, the court shall issue an injunction to prohibit the manufacture, processing or distribution in commerce of such substance or to prohibit any combination of such activities. (C) The provisions of subparagraphs (B) and (C) of subsection (e)(1) shall apply with respect to an order issued under clause (i) of subparagraph (A); and the provisions of subparagraph (C) of subsection (e)(2) shall apply with respect to an injunction issued under subparagraph (B). (D) If the Administrator issues an order pursuant to subparagraph (A)(i) respecting a chemical substance and objections are filed in accordance with subsection (e)(1)(c), the Administrator shall seek an injunction under subparagraph (A)(ii) respecting such substance unless the Administrator determines, on the basis of such objections, that such substance does not or will not present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment. (g) STATEMENT OF REASONS FOR NOT TAKING ACTION. If the Administrator has not initiated any action under this section or section 6 or 7 to prohibit or limit the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, or disposal of a chemical substance, with respect to which notification or data is required by subsection (a)(1)(b) or (b), before the expiration of the notification period applicable to the manufacturing or processing of such substance, the Administrator shall publish a statement of the Administrator s reasons for not initiating such action. Such a statement shall be pub-

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