5 Fats Fats provide 2.25 times the energy of carbs.Fat=solid at room temperatureOil=liquid at room temperatureFunctions: source of energy, help absorb vitaminsFeedstuffs with Fats: corn, sorghum, barley and wheat

6 Vitamins Needs in very small amounts in animal diets Functions:Regulate digestion and metabolismDevelopment of hair, bones and visionRegulate body glands and form new cellsProtect animal from diseaseMaintain nervous systemExamples: A, D, E, K, B-complex

7 Minerals Essential to support life but needed in very small amountsFunctions:Develop teeth and bonesConstruct body tissuesAid in digestion of feedstuffsRegulate body processesExamples: Calcium, Sodium, Sulfur, Iron

8 Water 70% of animal weight is water Cannot live without waterFunctions:Regulate body temperatureTransport nutrients in bloodstreamAid in digestion and metabolismMaintain body shapeEliminate waste products

9 Feedstuffs:Defined as any ration ingredient provided to support life or increase productivity of the animal4 Major categories of feedstuffs:concentratesroughagesfeed supplementsfeed additives

10 Ration: Amount of food required by an animal in a 24-hour periodBalanced Ration: a ration containing correct proportions of carbs, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals and water

12 Roughages Roughages are low in energy and high in fiberLegume: roughages that can take nitrogen from the air and use it for their own nutrition and eventually put N in the ground and have higher protein as a feedstuffNon Legume: roughages that cannot process Nitrogen from the air