Tuesday, July 24, 2007

RésuméIn the early part of the modern age, during Keichô 1 (1596)~Enpô 9 (1681) the number of Rinzai zen sect tacchûs (memorial cloisters) in Kyôto increased. The sanctuary and veranda of several memorial cloisters were reformed. For example, the front side remodeled to accommodate placement of the carved statue of the cloister founder. In such case, the rear of the sanctuary expanded out, the front side extended out, and the composition of innermost sanctuary was also changed. Other changes are also seen, for example, the floors of veranda surrounding the building changed from wooden floor boards to tatami mats.On the basis of reconstruction, this study will attempt to clarify the development and changes in the typical plans of memorial cloisters, during the early part of modern age. This study was based on material collected in Kyôtofu no kinsei shaji kenchiku kinkyû chôsa hôkokusho (Surveyed reports of the modern ages temples and shrines in Kyôto prefecture), Jûyô bunkazai shuri kôji hôkokusho (Repairing and reconstruction reports of the important cultural properties), Tôfuku-ji mishitei shuyô kenzôbutsu chôsa hôkokusho (Surveyed reports of Tôfuku-ji memorial cliosters, as designated by the Ministry of Education), other historical records and field research. From these reference more than 38 temples of the early modern age built around Keichô 1 (1596)~Enpô 9 (1681) were selected. From these, it is possible to deduce the reasons for change and trace the development of plans.Based on reconstruction plans of several memorial cloisters that were built in the early part of the modern age, it is clear that the basic composition of sanctuaries in the early modern age were similar to the late medieval age sanctuary. The composition of the innermost sanctuary consists of shinzen (front of the Buddhist altar), butsudan (Buddhist altar) and minzô (sleeping chamber). Later, the composition changed to accommodate placement of the carved statue of the cloister founder and the ihaidan (the altar to lay the ancestral tablets of the parishioners) set. The preference for a reformed sanctuary increased greatly from the early modern age, around Keichô 1 (1596) up to the mid-early modern age, around Syôhô 5 (1648). Therefore, all memorial cloisters which had been built in the late medieval and early modern ages were reformed at the sanctuary in accordance with the preferences of their contemporaries.Changes and development of the veranda of some memorial cloisters were also carried out in the early modern age. The employment of a 1 ken wide-veranda that was placed on the left and right sides rather than at the rear of the building appeared from the early modern age. With remodeling in the mid-modern age, the width of that veranda became 1.5 ken. Furthermore, most of the saya no ma were remnants of the wide-veranda. The original floor of wooden boards was changed later to tatami mats. The reason for the change was to have the veranda function as a rest room during religious services. Based on the arrangement of veranda, it is evident that the wide-veranda that was placed at left or right sides of the building is related to the genkan (main entrance) and the kuri (temple kitchen). This veranda has a specific circulation function.

Antariksa and Susumu Hyuga, 1995, Study of the hondô (kyakuden, hôjô) of Rinzai Zen Sect Buddhist Temples in Kyôto, in the Early Modern Age (1) –Typical Reconstruction Plans–. Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering and Design Kyôto Institute of Technology, Vol. 43 (March). pp. 121-140. (in Japanese).

This study intends to clarify the development and change of types of plans, during the mid-modern age (Genroku 6 [1693]~Kansei 9 [1797]), according to reconstruction plans. From these, it is possible to dedicate the reason for changes and trace the development of the plans. In the mid-modern age, the plans of most memorial cloisters have similar development patterns to those of the early modern age (Keichô 1 [1596]~Enpô 9 [1681]). For instance, part of veranda, on three side of the building, was renovated and changed to saya no ma. The employment of 1.5 ken veranda also appeared on the left, right and front side of the building. Moreover, at some memorial cloisters, in order to have place for the carved statue of the cloister founder, the front of the sanctuary was reformed.

This study will attempt to clarify the development and changes of types of plans on the resultant reconstruction. From these, it is possible to deduce the reasons for changes and trace the development of the plans. Most of the memorial cloisters built in the late modern age, from Bunka 4 [1807] to Kaei 7 [1854], show the same development of sanctuaries and verandas as those of the mid-modern age (Genroku 6 [1693]~Kansei 9 [1797]). For example, the floors of veranda on three sides of some buildings were changed from wooden boards to tatami mats, transforming the function of veranda to that of saya no ma. The employment of 1.5 ken veranda on the left and right sides of the building is also seen. In other cases, the front of the innermost sanctuary of some memorial cloisters were remodeled for placement of the carved statue of the cloister founder. Also in this period, some memorial cloisters had the rear of the sanctuary expanded out.

The purpose of this study is to find out the similarities and differences between Ratu Boko Sites and temple. Until now, we can’t make sure yet whether Ratu Boko Sites is temple, palace, bastion, “vihara” or other building. The variables that is used in this research are ground plan, land use, and view. The results of research refer that Ratu Boko Sites haven’t any similarity with Javanese temple. In conclusion, its seems to us that Ratu Boko could not be identified as a temple.

This research is done in order to recognize the typological development of the rural housing architecture in Trowulan Mojokerto. Through taking some sample of houses based on its period and refering to the design of the Majapahit housing architecture, this study has been focused to recognize the basic characters of rural housing architecture in Trowulan i.e. land use, ground plan, the physical building design, the structure and its elements. The result refers that there are more change and variety on the physical buyilding design than on the spatial pattern.

AbstractStudent are taught to be ‘numerate’ and ‘literate’ and the read books on conservation: but they are not taught to understand that which they see.Given this fact, this study, which is intended as an introduction to sources on the history of architectural conservation, has been found to be highly useful in both establishing terminology and discussing the concepts and ethics of conservation. It focuses on the problem of education programs for students andincludes a series of lectures on conserving monuments or sites, local government policies, and cultural properties’ regulations within specific cases. The students work in historic sites, choosing specific cases or monuments, compiling the data and analysing to find the solution, finishing by making a report.When visual appreciation and first hand experience play a decisive role in education, it is essential to keep alive the evidence of different periods and what was achieved within them. The survival of this evidence will be assured only if the need to protect it is understood by as many people as posible, particularly the students, who will be its future guardians. Today’s students will be tomorrow’s citizen: if they leave their own cities a little better than they found them, they will have fullfiled their duty to posterity. The challenge for us is to do our duty by them.The final result will be the perfectly conserved historic monuments or sites that can be used as an educational setting for the general public and their own cultural identity with in the framework of local government, cultural properties, architects and institution academia.

AntariksaLecturer Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering – Brawijaya University

ABSTRACT

In the middle of the 14th century, the Five Temples or Five Mountains (Gozan) of Rinzai Zen sect were developed rapidly in the city of Kyôto. The ranking system of officially sponsored by Zen Buddhist monasteries were created by the Kamakura and Muromachi government. The Gozan system originally included three monasteries in Kyôto and three in Kamakura, but immediately spread to five monasteries in several cities. While the two great monasteries, are not members of the Gozan group, which belonged to the Rinka group of Rinzai Zen sect temples. The system, which corresponds to a Chinese hierarchical model, was established in Japan during the Kamakura period.The purpose of this study is to attempt to clarify the history and architecture of Rinzai Zen sect Buddhist monastery. The central functioning building of the Zen Buddhist monastery reflects the repetition, consistency, persistence, and order of the monastic ritual.

ABSTRACTIn the early part of the Edô period, from Keichô 1 (1596) to Enpô 9 (1681) the number of Rinzai zen sect tacchûs (memorial cloisters) in Kyôto increased. The sanctuary and veranda of several memorial cloisters were reformed.On the basis of restoration, the purposes of this study will attempt to clarify the developments and changes in the typical plans of memorial cloisters, during the early part of the Edô period. From the restoration plans, it is possible to deduce the reason for change and trace the various development.Previously, the other studies has been conducted, as seen at references is form of the resultant reconstruction plans of sanctuary and veranda in the mid-Edô period, from Genroku 6 (1693) to Kansei 9 (1797), and in the late Edô period, from Bunka 4 (1807) to Kaei 7 (1854). The interrelated both of these studies is to know the development and changes of type of plans of sanctuary and veranda during the Edô period (1596~1868).The development and change of the sanctuary appeared from the early Edô period until the mid-Edô period. The reason for this is a need to accommodate the placement of carved statues of the cloisters founders. Based on the arrangement of verandas, it is evident thet the placement of a 1 ken veranda at the left or right sides of a building was related to fixed of entrance hall and temple kitchen. Further more, most of the saya no ma encompass remnents of the 1 ken veranda. The reason for the change was to redifine the veranda’s function as a resting area during religious services.

The new Chinese style called Karayô had the most important position, not only in the Kamakura period (1182~1333) but also in the succeeding development of Japanese architecture. At the beginning this style developed independently with the erection of many temple of the Zen sect.The bracketing complex system is quite unique, with plain brackets under the eaves of the lower roof and very complex brackets in the space between the upper and the lower roof. Bracket complexes became smaller in scale and more crowed by duplication of the bracket complexes within the space supported by pillars.This study discuss about the various types of bracket complexes architecture of the Zen Buddhist temples.

ABSTRACTThe beginning in the medieval period the ideas “emptiness” and “nothingness” in Buddhist doctrin influences over the Japanese.Space in Japanese architecture (kukan), as empty place. This word originally stood for a “hole in the ground”, and in on present meaning of a “hole in the universe”, or “sky”. The ancient Japanese divided space vertically into parts, sora (sky) and ame or ama (heaven). In the concept of emptiness both of this above it can be said is a part of space.This paper will tries to explain and discusses about the meaning of space in Japanese Zen Buddhist architecture.

ABSTRACTAlthough Maduranese culture has foreign influences it has its own intrinsic characteristics and is different from that of Java, foreinstance, in its architecture and carvings. The Sumenep Keraton with its artistic treasures and Maduranese architecture is not only a fine example of most aspects of this but also a national heritage. In addition, the carvings are also important for their insights into the philosophy and culture of Madura Island in the past.The aim of this study was to look into the influences of the culture, nature and philosophy that created these carvings and decoration found in Sumenep Keraton.The methodology used was a historical descriptive design through research of old records, fields studies and interview.The artisan, craftsmen and artists who made the decoration and carvings were to greater or lesser extent influenced by Dutch, Javanese and Chinese cultures as well as by Islam and Hinduism. Their subjects vary between flora, fauna, nature, religion and symbols.Key words: ornamnet, keraton Sumenep, culture

ABSTRACTZen Buddhism was introduced to China in the six century. After going a long process in China, finally Zen came to japan in the thirteenth century brought by Japanese monks. A unique spiritual genius one of the greatest epoch-making events in the history of mankind, which in the course of time has come to enrich the human mind over many centuries.During the process of spreading of Zen Buddhism there were influnces experienced by two Chinese great religions, Tao and Confucian. This study will discuss the philosophy and architecture aspects of the Zen monastery arrangement plan.Zen Buddhism is syncretism from Taoism and Confucianism. The layout plan of the Zen monastery temple principally was placed on a single axis and facing south. The typical layout plan was borrowed from the architecture of the Chinese monastery.

ABSTRACTThis interdiciplinary research is focused to explain the symbolism of five pillared buildings on moslem-javanese architecture. There are three research foundings, i.e.: (1) A perennialism eccurred in both of javanese hindhu-budhism and moslem five pillared building. It means that the two cultures applied an equal perspective of meta-empirical cosmology: in javanese moslem world it was known as center-peripherical (manca-pat) structure, while in hindu-buddhaism it was called vastu-purusa-mandala. (2) Inspite of the equality, it has not to judge hustily as a (cultural) syncretism, but it has to understand by regarding from the univocality vision of God: human being is created-provided by a same “initial intellectuality” (fitrah) realizing in different spatio-temporal frames. (3) The moslem founders of the five columed buildings cashed in on the perennialism as a part of implantation of islamic values through architecture.Key words: symbolism, five-pilared building

ABSTRACTIn the early Edô period the number of memorial cloisters (tacchû) increased, especially, at daitoku-ji and Myôshin-ji temples. As a consequence, the hondô (kyakuden, hôjô) were further developed in all aspects of architectural style, interior design and plan.This study will attempt to clarify the types of plans at memorial cloisters of both temples, by analyzing the arrangement and composition of the sanctuary, during the Edô period.In that period, the requirement of the rooms was interlaced with thw function, and even dependent upon everyday life and the activities of religious services.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to conserve and provide an arrangement concept for Kembang Jepun area. As the center of trade and commercial district, this area remains to preserve some historic heritage. Unfortunately, the condition is far from being well maintened and has some undersired changes that lessen its image as a historic area. This study utilizes three methods: identification of building and environment conditions, evaluation on the factors affecting building and environment quality, and concept establishment for arrangement of building and environment conservation. The result shows that the building and environment condition discourage the establishment of area identity. The physical damages founded on buildings are caused by three main factors: government’s role, community’s role, and the building itself. The proposed conservation concept resulted from this study are preservation, conservation, gentrification, and demolition strategies, with keeping the existing environment condition and spatial characteristics as its concept for the\area arrangement.Kata kunci: konservasi, penatan kawasan, kawasan bersejarah

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to identify the historical development and to determine a guidance concept for the expectations development of Alun-alun Semarang. This study used three methods as follows descriptions, diachronic-synchronic, and evaluation. The data collecting is focusing on secondary survey of historical development of the area, and an additional collecting data is used through field observation and questionnaires distribution.The result of this study found that the reality area of Alun-alun is related with two activities, which are as center government and an Islamic proselytization. The continuation development of the area is noticeable with the influences of the Dutch colonial buildings. In the colonial era the structure of the area is utilize a traditional Javanese concept. Later in subsequent developments area the additional tendency is economic activities. For future development is require a decree concept within the outline of historical arrangement area and preserving the function as the commercial area.

Abstract:In addition bringing the positive impact, the development can also construct a negative impact to the natural environment in spite of evolving culture and society itself. The development is disposed in give emphasis to the economic side apprehensive will be increasingly condemnation of historical buildings. The historical buildings in the area used of the street with mountains name are is a part of an ancient history which reflects societies of Malang city. If we pay close attention to historical buildings create sources for planning in the future which have identity, character or authenticity and appropriate with the environment.Because of the above mention, the historical buildings in the street with mountains name are need to conserved and protected which consist of important meaning as a trip of historical-culture-architecture of a nation. Especially for cultivate a feeling proud of nationality along with a consciousness authenticity. The government of Malang city has the duty of protecting historical buildings in the street with mountains name are in order that the cultural heritage can be conserved.

The purpose of this paper is to extend an understanding about the urban conservation and architecture, and a number of problems, which must be facing in the realization by referring to various cases in other countries. It is essential, cause of consideration of conservation meaning which on the level of conception though field implementation still facing with the constraint and extensive problems. Thus, in making a definite on the future of historical area is require to recognize the history and architecture, and then the cultural meaning which in the form of aesthetic value, history, science or social value for the past, present, and future generation can be protecting. In order to the policy and strategy of conservation in architecture and urban, it can be carry out through cooperation with the local government, conservation observer, non government office, academic, entrepreneur, owner of historical building, and manager of cultural properties.

ABSTRACTGrowths of Buddhist temple give many unique composition of the proportion and size in Japan architecture. Limitation in determining structure system at column and beam (lintel and post) caused plan of temple relative very simple. In its growth of used by technique and method all building worker/carpenters, give touch to size measure growth and proportion (kiwari). Perfection form of building most certainly precisely, if using kiwari method/proportion system and kiku technique that design part of roof and location of rafter in its. Despitefully, at part of building floor, overall of floor covered with tatami, position of column according to arrangement and dimension from tatami. Proportion used also at size measure and construction from tokonoma (nook in main room to put down other ornament or picture). Tokonoma, representing important characteristic from house building in japan will construction determined by stipulating of proportion.

Abstract Development activity will bring a change toward the influenced area. The change will be driven to the positive according to the goal of the development itself, that is to raise the society welfare. The aim of this research is to identify the characteristic of human settlement pattern in Kecamatan Labang, as an effort to complete data of human settlement in Madura. Through field observation and descriptive analysis methods based on 5 ecistics elements, there are the result of this research: (i) Type A. Both shell unit and material building constant; (ii) type B. Shell unit costants and material building changes; (iii) Type C. Both shell unit and material building change.

“Pecinan” district as the commercial district in Malang, is the “growth-center” of the town. It because this place is commercial district which is very crowded. The building which becomes is distinctive feature in “Pecinan” is building which has combination function as dwelling and commercial, later it is known as shop-house. The building plan of shop house in Chinnese society is a long and narrow shop-house. However it is the most effective plan to exploit the areawhich is limited. At the beginning, the function of shop house still in balance both as dwelling and commerciak, within years and since commercial activities growing rapidly than dwelling activities, the chjanging in room patterns has been occured. To know about the changing, a recearch of shop-house’sroom pattern at Pasar Besarwhich is the part of “Pecinan”district was made. This research has some purposes; 1) To see the changing of shop-house’s room pattern at “Pecinan”-Malang, 2) To search the correlation between commercial activities aspect and the changing of shop-house’s room pattern at “Pecinan”-Malang. The result of two purposes is a type or changing characteristic that happened in shop-house at “Pecinan”. The analysis which has been used are quantitative methods. The conclution of this research is the changing’s characteristic of shop-hous’s room pattern is medium category. The changing most occur in dwelling room which has been used for commercial room. This change mostly happen in the dwelling’s room which are used to trade.

Kudus is one of important city continuing sincretism between Islam and Hindu culture into mausoleum and mosque complex. But the religious traditional image of Kudus area are going to be fade along the ancient buildings being disappeared threatened Goal of this study is to identify Kudus Minaret Mosque Area characteristics and evaluate ancient building change and damage cause in the area. The result of this research that is still hold out religious traditional area characteristic in Kudus Minaret Mosque Area. Culture Heritage which still hold out including physical aspect like ancient building, and the social aspect like tradition dandhangan and buka luwur. Social aspect itself finally also influence physical aspect condition like symbolic elements, building orient, etcetera. Factors menacing the conservation are covering social factor, cultural factor, physical factor, and the political factor. Pursuant to analysis had to be done, to be concluded that Kudus Minaret Mosque Area are need to protect and conserve.

ABSTRACT The aiming of this study is to identify and analyze the development square area of Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta, since 1745 up to 2004, then identifying and analyze factors that caused the problems to conserve the square area of Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta. The kind of this study is qualitative research that uses two methods; there are synchronic-diachronic method and evaluative method. Data gathering emphasize on data that originated from secondary survey, about the development of the square area, but other data gathering can be conducted through first survey, there are field observation, questionnaire, and interview. The result of this study showed that the development of this square area since 1745 up to 2004 in physics variable, the development of this square area in politics variable side, the development of this square area in economics variable side, the development of this square area in socials variable side, and the development of this square area in cultures variable side. There are four factors that caused the problems to conserved the square area of Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta, there factors are physics, politics, economics, and socials.

A B S T R A C TTunjungan area is one of commercial centre of activities area or CBD (Central Business District) in Surabaya, which is preserving and it has potential historical tourism because of it is high historical value. But nowdays, the identity characteristic of Tunjungan area as one of old towns of Surabaya becoming fade. There is degradation symptom vitality of the building and the environment of the area which has been known as the face of Surabaya 'Tempo Doeloe'. Based on above problem, this study aim to (1) Identify and analyze old commercial activity vitality level of physical aspect aspect in Segiempat Tunjungan area. (2) Analyze factors having influence in Segiempat Tunjungan area vitality level. This research use descriptive method conducted to (1) the aspect of vitality, that is comfort, security, reboisation condition, pedestrian way condition, park condition, accessibility, traffic condition (2) the commercial area functional vitality aspect, that is commercial income, business capital and asset, range of time visit, the time length for a visit, the time length for operation,, kinds of merchandary, merchandises prices, visitor volume; (3) the spatial normative condition aspect or the social canonic aspect of commercial area of consumer of commerce; (4) Factor analysis.Based on the interview with merchant and visitor, it can be concluded that the vitality level of old commercial activities in Segiempat Tunjungan area is divided into three categories, that is low, medium, and high. Based on the physical aspect in the study area, 77, 1% is medium, and 22, 9% is high, while in the functional aspect, 47, 1% is low, 47, 1% is medium, and 8% is high.The result from level of vitality level of commercial area have correlation with the result of fact analysis through extraction of factors, and the result is those factors influence the vitality level. The influencing factors from the assessment of merchant which contributes to the study of commercial area vitality consist of five factors, that is: Factor I (business assest, bussines capital, commercial income), Factor II (building condition, reboisation, pedestrian way, the time length for operation), Factor III (security and comfortable). The influencing factors from assessment of visitor consist of four factor, that is: Factor I (range of time pay a visit, security, comfort, location of park), Factor II (the time length for a visit, accessibility, kinds of merchandises), Factor III (price of merchandises and pedestrian way). Key words: functionally vitality, physical vitality, commerce area

STUDY ON PRESERVATION OF ANCIENT BUILDINGS IN THE AREA OF ANCIENT KAMPONG PENELEH SURABAYA

ABSTRACT

Surabaya, as well as other cities in our country, has special characteristic that can be used as a city’s identity. As a historical city, Surabaya has inheritances both in the form of historical building, building of revolution era, and ancient kampong that is inheritance of Ujung Galuh Kingdom. One of kampong that constitutes an original kampong in Surabaya City is the area of ancient Peneleh kampong. The region of Peneleh kampong is part of the history of Surabaya city, because the kampong has historical inheritances, such as Peneleh Ancient Mosque, Ancient House, Dutch Ancient Funeral Center, Funeral of Nyai Campa,, Funeral of Buyut Minggir, Funeral of Buyut Dawa, Funeral of Buyut Malang, and Funeral of Buyut Bening. In accompanying to the increasing of intensity of commercial activities as trading and office, the area of ancient kampong of Peneleh is more threaten by new buildings in around of them that have more economic values but lack of identity. The new buildings are build without considering the character of building surrounds, so that they look so strange and unaesthetic, physical changes because of the new buildings do not consider about how to conserve the historical values possessed. The objectives of this study are to identify the characteristic of the area and ancient buildings of kampong Peneleh Surabaya. Data used are secondary data taken from related agencies such as Building Agency, City Planning Agency, Bappeko, and BPN, and from similar research related to the preservation. Primary data used in this research are taking from direct observation, interview, and questionnaires with total of samples are 86 of ancient buildings. Analysis method, which used in this research, is descriptive analysis to describe of the region and ancient building in kampong Peneleh. Results of the research are (1) Descriptive of the region of ancient kampong Peneleh include describe of landscape, land utilization, and kampong arrangement (2) Descriptive of ancient building in the area of ancient kampong Paneleh include building age, building function, building possession status, KDB, KLB, treating, and building physical change.

Ampel area is one of three sub areas (Kembang Jepun and Jembatan Merah areas) that forming old Surabaya city area. Since Pre Dutch Colonial (Century of XV), Ampel area is identical with Arabic culture (Islam) that well known with the existence of Ampel Agung Mosque. Ampel area is bordered by three corridors that are KH Mas Mansyur, Nyamplungan and Sasak Corridors. The three corridors are the main corridors in Ampel area together with Sasak corridor. The four corridors are the main access toward and outward from Ampel Agung Mosque Complex and Sasak corridor constitutes the main access toward Ampel Agung Mosque from south direction. Based on previous study conducted by Lilananda, it is said that in along corridors that border Ampel area (corridor of KH Mas Mansyur, Nyamplungan, and Danakarya) grow various architecture styles that not only performing Middle East style (Arab) but also Colonial style (Europe), China, and Traditional. The same feature is also found in along Sasak Corridor that split Ampel Area in south part.The ancient buildings in the main corridor of Ampel area and its various architecture styles are not in proper and cared condition. The similar condition is also found in many ancient buildings that considered as culture preserves protected. Along with the enforcing of Ampel area revitalization orienting on tourism aspect makes buildings in the main corridor of Ampel area face two possibilities. First, the buildings are regarded as worthy asset because their existence can reinforce Ampel Area image as an old city view when visitors come to the Ampel area. Second, the existence of the ancient buildings will be more threatening with the alteration of building form and style to modern style aiming to be more attracting visitors coming to Ampel area. The later happened in the ancient buildings in the main corridor of Ampel area with more than 50% are shops and shop houses.

ABSTRACTThis study began through a collection of materials based on Kyôtofu no kinsei shaji kinkyû chôsa hôkokusho (Survey reports on Edô period temples and shrines in Kyôto prefecture), Jûyô bunkazai shûri kôji hôkokusho (Repair and reconstruction reports on the important cultural properties), other historical records, and field research.In accordance with the selected abbot’s quarters, this study will classify the development and change in the plans, sanctuary, veranda and interior design of the abbot’s quarters (hôjô). This will be done based on restoration plans. From the restoration plans, it is possible to deduce the reason for change and trace the various developments.There were several forms of sanctuary in around Bunmei 19 [1487] up to Bunka 14 [1819]. The forms are as follows: first, where the front of sanctuary is extended out by 1 ken to set the Buddhist altar. Second, the Buddhist altar is set at the rear side of the innermost sanctuary. Finally, the sanctuary is arranged freely without Buddhist altar.

AbstractThe aim of this study is to know how the entire condition of the building after the earth quacke and tsunami. Then after, observe the building condition, and how to take proper which is needed to carry out for protecting and preserving the house of Teuku Sabi Silang.Method used in this study is field observation with observing and evaluate the building. Apart from that, exploration of building ownership is also conducted with pass through interview for find out the building history and to make convinced the age of building erection.The observation founds that the building damage of the house of Teuku Sabi Silang can be clasified as follows damage cause of eart quacke, damage cause of tsunami, and damage cause of insects. This study founds some traditional technique in structur and construction building of the house of Teuku Sabi Silang.

The aim of this study is to identify the characteristic of Kampung Batik Laweyan which consist from physical characteristic (land use pattern and building condition), and non physical characteristic (social, culture, economic aspect community area of Kampung Laweyan), along with determine the ancient building which potential to be conserve based on cultural meaning. The method of this study is descriptive used for identify characteristic area of Kampung Batik Laweyan which consist of physical characteristic and non physical characteristic; and analysis quality with scoring method to determine ancient building which potential to be conserve based on eight criteria of cultural meaning (aesthetics, plurality, peculiarity, historical role, building authenticity, treatment, strengthen an image area) in the area of Kampung Batik Laweyan. The allotment of land area of Kampung Laweyan dominated by function of settlement, commercial and batik industrial activity is classified the allotment of mix use. Ancient building which potential preserved with cultural meaning value or the same with 14.45 is amounting to 35 buildings spread in the area of Kampung Batik Laweyan. Based on criteria value of cultural meaning which already carry out with ranking method, then can be found out that of 80 buildings which examine exist 19 buildings have high potential level to preserved, 16 buildings have medium potential level to conserved, and 45 buildings have less potential level to rehabilitate or restoration.

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to identify and analyse the aspects of pintu butulan (or literally ‘walk-through door’ or ‘adjoining door’) as one of the dwelling characteristics in Kampung Candi Panggung. Those activities will resulting in factors that caused the changes in pintu butulan and influenced its existence, in order to bring forward the values that related pintu butulan existence in Kampung Candi Panggung (Malang, East Java). The reasearch employed qualitative approach with Physical Tracing Method and Naturalistic Phenomenology. The sampling technique was a purposive one, and using interview, outdoor observation and questionairre as data gathering methods.Among the findings of the reseach, was that whateve rthe condition and position of the house is, as long as there is no social problem, changes of house function or house ownership amongst the dwellers, they will maintain communications and togetherness, booth as relatives or neighbours. One of many means to achieve such a bond between dweller is pintu butulan. As time goes by, social-cultural changes are coming along, and so does pintu butulan. It is also goes through changes and continuities.Changes in pintu butulan, can be found in the termination or addition of its existence. Termination is caused by the change of house ownership, change of house function or the occurance of social conflict among them. Addition is caused by affinity process, also addition of generation. The heart of human relationship in Kampung Candi Panggung is that they tend to have collateral orientation. Coupled with the family structure that is uxorilokal in nature, has made their interdependence, bond and solidarity really strong and tight. The important aspect to facilitate that condition and also an effective means of communication in Kampung Candi Panggung is pintu butulan.Keywords: traditional settlement, dwelling characteristics, pintu butulan.

ABSTRACTThe set of problems which be up aligned with city of Pasurusn at the present time is the condition of ancient building not treated additionally be experienced clearance of buildings, and alun-alun became commercial area.The aim of this research is to find and identify factual information about potential and problems of preservation area to draw conclusions, with used qualitative and quantitative analysis. Methods used in analysis for change of the center area of Pasuruan are historical description, cross tabulation, and evaluation.The result of this research shows the image of area still observe, each zone have architectural clustering, need to existence and conservation requirements policy, and generally the citizen provide their participation for conservation.Keywords: conservation area, center of area