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Abstract:

A combustor of a gas turbine engine includes a heat shield panel mounted
to a support shell and an insert adjacent to the support shell and the
heat shield panel.

Claims:

1. A combustor of a gas turbine engine comprising: a support shell; a
heat shield panel mounted to said support shell; and an insert adjacent
to said support shell and said heat shield panel said insert exposed to a
combustion chamber.

2. The combustor as recited in claim 1, wherein said insert is located at
a combustor hot spot.

3. The combustor as recited in claim 1, wherein said insert includes a
groove engaged with a lip defined by said heat shield panel.

4. The combustor as recited in claim 1, wherein said heat shield panel
includes at least one film cooling hole.

5. The combustor as recited in claim 1, wherein said support shells
includes at least one impingement cooling hole.

6. The combustor as recited in claim 5, wherein at least one of said at
least one impingement cooling hole is directed toward said insert.

7. The combustor as recited in claim 6, wherein said insert includes at
least one insert aperture directed transverse to said at least one of
said multiple of impingement cooling holes.

8. The combustor as recited in claim 1, wherein said heat shield panel
includes a heat shield dilution hole and said support shell includes a
support shell dilution hole along a common dilution axis, said insert
offset from said dilution axis.

9. The combustor as recited in claim 8, wherein said insert extends at
least partially between said heat shield panel and said support shell.

10. The combustor as recited in claim 8, wherein said insert is generally
flush with a hot side of said heat shield panel.

11. The combustor as recited in claim 8, wherein said insert is arcuate
in shape.

12. A combustor of a gas turbine engine comprising: a support shell; a
first heat shield panel mounted to said support shell; a second heat
shield panel mounted to said support shell; and an insert adjacent to
said support shell, between said first heat shield panel and said second
heat shield panel, said insert exposed to a combustion chamber.

13. The combustor as recited in claim 12, wherein said insert is located
at a combustor hot spot.

14. The combustor as recited in claim 12, wherein said insert includes a
first groove engaged with a lip of said heat shield panel and a second
groove engaged with a lip of said second heat shield panel.

15. The combustor as recited in claim 12, wherein said insert operates in
a generally isothermal condition.

16. The combustor as recited in claim 12, wherein said insert is
manufactured of ceramic matrix composite.

17. A method of protecting a combustor comprising: locating an insert at
a combustor hot spot adjacent to a support shell and a heat shield panel.

18. The method as recited in claim 17, further comprising operating the
insert at a generally isothermal condition.

19. The method as recited in claim 17, further comprising matching the
shape of the insert to the hot spot.

Description:

BACKGROUND

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a gas turbine engine combustor,
and more particularly to a heat shield liner panel arrangement.

[0002] A gas turbine engine includes a compressor to compress air that
mixes with fuel and is channeled to a combustor wherein the mixture is
ignited within a combustion chamber to generate hot combustion core
gases. At least some combustors include combustor liners to channel the
combustion gases to a turbine which extracts energy from the combustion
core gases to power the compressor, as well as produce useful work to
propel an aircraft in flight or to power a load, such as an electrical
generator.

[0003] Some gas turbine combustors have evolved from full hoop structures
to full hoop shells with heat shield panels. Heat shield panels may have
relatively low durability due to local hot spots that may cause stress
and cracking. Hot spots are raised temperature areas where component
properties may rapidly degrade and thereby affect the durability of the
component. Hot spots are conventionally combated with more cooling air,
however, this may have a potential negative effect on combustor
emissions, pattern factor, and profile.

SUMMARY

[0004] A combustor of a gas turbine engine according to an exemplary
aspect of the present disclosure includes a heat shield panel mounted to
a support shell and an insert adjacent to the support shell and the heat
shield panel, the insert exposed to a combustion chamber.

[0005] A combustor of a gas turbine engine according to an exemplary
aspect of the present disclosure includes an insert adjacent to a support
shell between a first heat shield panel and a second heat shield panel,
the insert exposed to a combustion chamber.

[0006] A method of protecting a combustor according to an exemplary aspect
of the present disclosure includes locating an insert at a combustor hot
spot adjacent to a support shell and a heat shield panel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Various features will become apparent to those skilled in the art
from the following detailed description of the disclosed non-limiting
embodiment. The drawings that accompany the detailed description can be
briefly described as follows:

[0012] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an insert for the heat shield panel
combustor component further shown in FIG. 4;

[0013] FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view of another non-limiting embodiment
of a heat shield panel combustor component with another non-limiting
embodiment of an insert;

[0014] FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of another non-limiting embodiment
of a heat shield panel combustor component with another non-limiting
embodiment of an insert;

[0015] FIG. 8 is a top perspective view of a heat shield panel combustor
component with another non-limiting embodiment of an insert;

[0016] FIG. 9 is a top view of the insert of FIG. 8;

[0017] FIG. 10 is a cross sectional view of a heat shield panel combustor
component with the insert of FIG. 8; and

[0018] FIG. 11 is a top perspective view of a heat shield panel combustor
component with another non-limiting embodiment of an insert.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019]FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a gas turbine engine 20. The gas
turbine engine 20 is disclosed herein as a two-spool turbofan that
generally incorporates a fan section 22, a compressor section 24, a
combustor section 26 and a turbine section 28. Alternative engines might
include an augmentor section (not shown) among other systems or features.
The fan section 22 drives air along a bypass flowpath while the
compressor section 24 drives air along a core flowpath for compression
and communication into the combustor section 26 then expansion through
the turbine section 28. Although depicted as a turbofan gas turbine
engine in the disclosed non-limiting embodiment, it should be understood
that the concepts described herein are not limited to use with turbofans
as the teachings may be applied to other types of turbine engines.

[0020] The engine 20 generally includes a low speed spool 30 and a high
speed spool 32 mounted for rotation about an engine central longitudinal
axis A relative to an engine static structure 36 via several bearing
systems 38. It should be understood that various bearing systems 38 at
various locations may alternatively or additionally be provided.

[0021] The low speed spool 30 generally includes an inner shaft 40 that
interconnects a fan 42, a low pressure compressor 44 and a low pressure
turbine 46. The inner shaft 40 is connected to the fan 42 through a
geared architecture 48 to drive the fan 42 at a lower speed than the low
speed spool 30. The high speed spool 32 includes an outer shaft 50 that
interconnects a high pressure compressor 52 and high pressure turbine 54.
A combustor 56 is arranged between the high pressure compressor 52 and
the high pressure turbine 54. The inner shaft 40 and the outer shaft 50
are concentric to one-another and rotate about the engine central
longitudinal axis A that is collinear with their longitudinal axes.

[0022] The core airflow is compressed by the low pressure compressor 44
then the high pressure compressor 52, mixed and burned with fuel in the
combustor 56, then expanded over the high pressure turbine 54 and low
pressure turbine 46. The turbines 54, 46 rotationally drive the
respective low speed spool 30 and high speed spool 32 in response to the
expansion.

[0023] With reference to FIG. 2, the combustor 56 generally includes an
outer shell 60 and an inner shell 62 within a combustor case 64. The
outer shell 60 and the inner shell 62 line an annular combustion chamber
66 that extends toward and communicates with the turbine section 28. It
should be understood that various combustor arrangements such as a can
combustor as well as other high temperature components such as turbine
components may alternatively benefit herefrom.

[0024] With reference to FIG. 3, an array of heat shield panels 68, 70 are
respectively supported by the outer and inner shells 60, 62 around the
combustion chamber 66. The array of heat shield panels 68 line the hot
side of the outer shell 60, while the array of heat shield panels 70 line
the hot side of the inner shell 62. The heat shield panels 68, 70 may be
manufactured of, for example, a nickel based super alloy or ceramic
material. Fastener assemblies F such as studs and nuts may be used to
connect each of the heat shield panels 68, 70 to the respective inner and
outer shells 60, 62 to provide a floatwall type array. The heat shield
panels 68, 70 may be generally annular in shape and extend toward the
turbine section 28. It should be understood that various numbers, types,
and arrangements of heat shield panels may alternatively or additionally
be provided.

[0025] With reference to FIG. 4, impingement cooling holes 72 penetrate
through the inner and outer shells 60, 62 to communicate coolant, such as
secondary cooling air, into the space between the inner and outer shells
60, 62 and the respective heat shield panels 68, 70. Film cooling holes
74 penetrate each of the heat shield panels 68, 70 to promote the
formation of a film of cooling air. A multiple of dilution holes 76 (one
shown) penetrate both the heat shield panels or floatwalls 68, 70 and the
respective inner and outer support shells 60, 62, each along a common
axis D to inject dilution air that facilitates combustion and the release
of additional energy from the fuel.

[0026] An insert 80 is located within or between any or each of the heat
shield panels 68, 70 and at least partially sandwiched between heat
shield panels 68, 70 and the respective shells 60, 62. It should be
understood that the illustrated location of the insert 80 with respect to
heat shield panels 68, 70 is merely one disclosed non-limiting embodiment
and that other locations and heat shield panel arrangements may
alternatively or additionally be provided.

[0027] The insert 80 may be located at a combustor hot spot defined as a
location where an incomplete mixing of fuel, i.e., a fuel rich region,
may occur. The hot spot may be within a single heat shield panel 68, 70
or at an interface between a multiple of heat shield panels 68, 70. The
insert 80 may be manufactured of a ceramic matrix composite material or
high temperature metal alloy material that is more heat resistant than
the heat shield panels 68, 70. The insert 80 may additionally include a
thermal barrier coating layer 74 (FIG. 5) to minimize thermal conduction
from shells 60, 62.

[0028] This insert 80 may be approximately the size and shape of the
potential hot spot and may replace a portion of the heat shield panel
that may be otherwise inadequate to resist the elevated temperatures of
the hot spot. In one disclosed non-limiting embodiment the insert 80
includes a central area 82 that is generally flush or coplanar with a hot
surface of the heat shield panels 68, 70 with flanges 84 which extend and
are sandwiched between the respective heat shield panels 68, 70 and the
respective support shell 60, 62. In this disclosed non-limiting
embodiment, the central area 82 may be approximately 0.25-0.5 inches
thick (6.4-12.7 mm). The step shape of the central area 82 and the
flanges 84 retain the insert 80 as the flanges 84 are trapped between the
respective heat shield panels 68, 70 and the shell 60, 62. The insert 80
may be positioned to operate as near to isothermal as possible so that
hot spot stress is minimized

[0029] With respect to FIG. 6, insert 80A according to another
non-limiting embodiment includes a retaining groove 86 in each of the
flanges 84A that receives a respective lip 88 of the heat shield panels
68, 70. The retention interface of the groove 86 and lip 88 facilitates
retention of the insert 80A throughout thermal excursions.

[0030] With respect to FIG. 7, insert 80B according to another
non-limiting embodiment includes a generally open area 90 formed in the
central area 82A, opposite a hot side thereof. That is, the open area 90
is under the hot side of the central area 82A to facilitate impingement
cooling. Insert apertures 92 directed transverse to the impingement
cooling holes 72 extend through flanges 84B. The generally open area 90
receives secondary cooling air from at least one impingement cooling hole
72 for communication through the insert apertures 90 then through the
film cooling holes 74. The secondary cooling air may thereby be readily
controlled with the size and arrangement of insert apertures 92 in the
area adjacent to the adjacent heat shield panels 68, 70 which may
heretofore have been subject to relatively high thermal excursions. Such
an arrangement may be particularly advantageous adjacent to an edge of
the heat shield panels 68, 70.

[0031] With respect to FIG. 8, an insert 80C according to another
non-limiting embodiment is located adjacent to a dilution hole 76 offset
from the dilution axis D defined thereby. The insert 80C is of a
generally crescent shape (FIG. 9) with a step 102 in cross-section to fit
at least partially define the dilution hole 76. The inset 80C is
generally flush with the respective heat shield panel 68, 70 relative to
the support shell 60, 62. A flange 84C defined by the step 102 extends
between the respective heat shield panels 68, 70 and the support shell
60, 62 for retention therebetween (see FIG. 10). The shape of the insert
80C essentially fills in a hot spot that typically may occur downstream
of the dilution hole 76.

[0032] With respect to FIG. 11, an insert 80D, 80E may be of various
shapes, such as, for example, rectangular, triangular, or other shapes,
to fill in hot spot areas such as that may occur adjacent, for example,
fuel nozzle injectors 114 (FIG. 2). The inserts 80D, 80D may additionally
include tabs 116 that receive one or more fastener assemblies F for
positive retention of the insert 80D, 80E and the heat shield panels 68,
70. It should be understood that various insert shapes may additionally
or alternatively be provided to match the shape and location of a hot
spot.

[0033] Through a reduction in cooling air usage to combat the hot spot,
more cooling air is available for emissions, profile and pattern factor
control. High temperature hot spot stress is also reduced as the insert
is maintained close to isothermal.

[0034] It should be understood that relative positional terms such as
"forward," "aft," "upper," "lower," "above," "below," and the like are
with reference to the normal operational attitude of the vehicle and
should not be considered otherwise limiting.

[0035] It should be understood that like reference numerals identify
corresponding or similar elements throughout the several drawings. It
should also be understood that although a particular component
arrangement is disclosed in the illustrated embodiment, other
arrangements will benefit herefrom.

[0036] Although particular step sequences are shown, described, and
claimed, it should be understood that steps may be performed in any
order, separated or combined unless otherwise indicated and will still
benefit from the present disclosure.

[0037] The foregoing description is exemplary rather than defined by the
limitations within. Various non-limiting embodiments are disclosed
herein, however, one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that
various modifications and variations in light of the above teachings will
fall within the scope of the appended claims. It is therefore to be
understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the disclosure
may be practiced other than as specifically described. For that reason
the appended claims should be studied to determine true scope and
content.