Click

Selected Abstracts

Click and Low-, Middle-, and High-Frequency Toneburst Stimulation of the Canine Cochlea

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2002G. Ter Haar
A method was developed to deliver tonebursts ranging in frequency from 1 to 32 kHz for frequency-specific assessment of the canine cochlea.
Brainstem auditory-evoked responses (early latency responses, 0,10 ms) to a click (CS) and to 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, 12-, 16-, 24-, and 32-kHz toneburst stimulations (TS) were compared at 80-dB sound pressure level stimulus (SPL) intensity in 10 adult dogs.
All stimulations yielded a 5,7 positive wave pattern, with the exception of the 1-kHz TS, which evoked a frequency-following response (FFR).
Thresholds were lowest for the CS and the 12- and 16-kHz TS.
All individual peak latencies for TS were significantly (P, .05) longer than for CS.
Peak I latencies were significantly (P,.05) shorter for the 12- and 16-kHz TS than for the other TS.
Interpeak latencies I-V were significantly (P, .05) longer for the 4- to 32-kHz TS than for CS.
Differences in interpeak latencies I,III were not significant.
Amplitudes of waves I and V were significantly (P, .05) lower for TS than for CS, except for higher wave V amplitude (P, .05) at 2- and 32-kHz TS.
Peak I-V amplitude ratios were significantly (P, .05) higher for the 2-, 4-, 16-, 24-, and 32-kHz TS and lower for the 8- and 12-kHz TS, compared to CS.
We conclude that reproducible information on frequency specificity of the canine cochlea can be obtained by TS.
This report provides a normative database for parameters needed to evaluate frequency-specific hearing loss in dogs.
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CHEMBIOCHEM, Issue 11 2003Ashraf Brik Dr.Click and go: By using click chemistry based on a new triazole forming reaction condition (see scheme), over 100 triazole compounds generated in microtiter plates from a core structure were screened for HIV protease inhibition in situ without product isolation.
Potent inhibitors, active at nanomolar concentrations, against the wild type and drug resistant mutants were identified.
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ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Active and Reusable Copper(I)-tren Catalyst for the "Click" 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azides and Alkynes.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 25 2008Nicolas Candelon
Abstract
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals.
To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option.
The original article is trackable via the "References" option.
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Palatal tremor in childhood: clinical and therapeutic considerations

DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 12 2006J Campistol-Plana PhD
Palatal tremor (PT) is a rhythmic movement of the soft palate that often causes an ear click.
PT can be symptomatic (SPT) or essential (EPT).
The symptomatic form usually occurs in adults and the essential form mainly occurs in children.
Several different treatments for EPT in children appear in the literature with variable reported efficacy.
This report details four paediatric patients with EPT (three males, one female; mean age 6y 4mo [SD 6mo]; age at onset 6,7y) treated with piracetam (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide).
Piracetam was used to treat EPT because of its antimyoclonic properties.
All children showed a good response to doses of 100 to 300mg/kg/day.
EPT relapsed on withdrawal of piracetam and remitted on reintroduction.
Piracetam's effect on EPT was sustained.
It is concluded that piracetam is an effective drug for the treatment of EPT in children.
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ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 34 2009Leena Nebhani
Abstract
The performance of solid substrates is not only governed by their molecular constitution, but is also critically influenced by their surface constitution at the solid/gas or solid/liquid interface.
In here, we critically review the use of orthogonal chemical transformations (so-called click chemistry) to achieve efficient surface modifications of materials ranging from gold and silica nanoparticles, polymeric films, and microspheres to fullerenes as well as carbon nanotubes.
In addition, the functionalization of surfaces via click chemistry with biomolecules is explored.
Although a large host of reactions fulfilling the click -criteria exist, pericyclic reactions are most frequently employed for efficient surface modifications.
The advent of the click chemistry concept has led,as evident from the current literature,to a paradigm shift in current approaches for materials modification: Away from unspecific and nonselective reactions to highly specific true surface engineering.
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Otitis media in a mouse model for Down syndrome

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2009Fengchan Han
Summary
The Ts65Dn mouse shares many phenotypic characteristics of human Down syndrome.
Here, we report that otitis media, characterized by effusion in the middle ear and hearing loss, was prevalent in Ts65Dn mice.
Of the 53 Ts65Dn mice tested, 81.1% had high auditory-evoked brainstem response (ABR) thresholds for at least one of the stimulus frequencies (click, 8 kHz, 16 kHz and 32 kHz), in at least one ear.
The ABR thresholds were variable and showed no tendency toward increase with age, from 2 to 7 months of age.
Observation of pathology in mice, aged 3,4 months, revealed middle ear effusion in 11 of 15 Ts65Dn mice examined, but only in two of 11 wild-type mice.
The effusion in each mouse varied substantially in volume and inflammatory cell content.
The middle ear mucosae were generally thickened and goblet cells were distributed with higher density in the epithelium of the middle ear cavity of Ts65Dn mice as compared with those of wild-type controls.
Bacteria of pathogenic importance to humans also were identified in the Ts65Dn mice.
This is the first report of otitis media in the Ts65Dn mouse as a model characteristic of human Down syndrome.
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The relative position of ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves in different age groups of pediatric patients

ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 5 2010J.-Y. HONG
Background: Ilioinguinal nerve (IIN) and iliohypogastric nerve (IHN) blocks provide good perioperative pain relief for children undergoing inguinal procedures such as inguinal hernia repair, orchiopexy, and hydrocelectomy.
The aim of this ultrasound imaging study is to compare the relative anatomical positions of IIN and IHN in different age groups of pediatrics.
Methods: Two-hundred children (aged 1,82 months, ASA I or II) undergoing day-case surgery were consecutively included in this study.
Following the induction of general anesthesia, an ultrasonographic exam was performed using a high-frequency linear probe that was placed on an imaginary line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the umbilicus.
Results: There were significant differences in ASIS,IIN (distance from ASIS to IIN), ASIS,IHN (distance from the ASIS to the IHN), and IIN,IHN (distance between IIN and IHN) between the age groups: <12 months (n=84), 12,36 months (n=80), and >37 months (n=36).
However, IIN,Peritoneum (distances from IIN to peritoneum), skin,IIN, and skin,IHN (depth of IIN and IHN relative to skin) were similar in three groups.
ASIS,IIN and ASIS,IHN showed significantly positive correlations with age.
Conclusions: Age should be considered when placing a needle in landmark techniques for pediatric II/IH nerve blocks.
However, needle depth should be confirmed by the fascial click due to the lack of predictable physiologic factors.
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JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 3 2009Moustafa N. Aboushelib DDS
Abstract
Purpose: With state-of-the-art CAD/CAM technology, the fabrication of large and complex zirconia frameworks is just a click away.
On the other hand, veneering of the frameworks is still operator-dependent.
The aim of this work was to evaluate CAD veneering of zirconia restorations in terms of zirconia veneer bond strength and impact energy of fracture in a step towards complete automation of the fabrication process.
Materials and Methods: A new CAD/CAM system was used to fabricate a resin replica of the esthetic ceramic required to veneer a zirconia framework.
The replica was seated on the zirconia framework and further processed using press-on technology.
The bond strength between zirconia and the CAD veneer was evaluated using microtensile bond strength test.
The impact energy of fracture of the specimens was also investigated.
Manually layered zirconia specimens served as a control (,= 0.05).
Results: There was no significant difference in the microtensile bond strength between zirconia and either of the used veneers (39 MPa).
Even though the impact energy of fracture of the CAD-veneered and manually layered specimens was almost identical (0.13 J), the former demonstrated a cohesive fracture of the veneer, while the latter failed by delamination of the veneer ceramic.
Conclusion: CAD veneering is a reliable method for veneering zirconia restorations.
[source]

Click and Low-, Middle-, and High-Frequency Toneburst Stimulation of the Canine Cochlea

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2002G. Ter Haar
A method was developed to deliver tonebursts ranging in frequency from 1 to 32 kHz for frequency-specific assessment of the canine cochlea.
Brainstem auditory-evoked responses (early latency responses, 0,10 ms) to a click (CS) and to 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, 12-, 16-, 24-, and 32-kHz toneburst stimulations (TS) were compared at 80-dB sound pressure level stimulus (SPL) intensity in 10 adult dogs.
All stimulations yielded a 5,7 positive wave pattern, with the exception of the 1-kHz TS, which evoked a frequency-following response (FFR).
Thresholds were lowest for the CS and the 12- and 16-kHz TS.
All individual peak latencies for TS were significantly (P, .05) longer than for CS.
Peak I latencies were significantly (P,.05) shorter for the 12- and 16-kHz TS than for the other TS.
Interpeak latencies I-V were significantly (P, .05) longer for the 4- to 32-kHz TS than for CS.
Differences in interpeak latencies I,III were not significant.
Amplitudes of waves I and V were significantly (P, .05) lower for TS than for CS, except for higher wave V amplitude (P, .05) at 2- and 32-kHz TS.
Peak I-V amplitude ratios were significantly (P, .05) higher for the 2-, 4-, 16-, 24-, and 32-kHz TS and lower for the 8- and 12-kHz TS, compared to CS.
We conclude that reproducible information on frequency specificity of the canine cochlea can be obtained by TS.
This report provides a normative database for parameters needed to evaluate frequency-specific hearing loss in dogs.
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Facile Access to an Efficient Solid-Supported Click Catalyst System Based on Poly(ethyleneimine)

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS, Issue 1 2009Lies Bonami
Abstract
A novel heterogeneous copper(I) catalyst system, which is based on readily available poly(ethyleneimine), has been used as a recyclable catalyst for Cu(I) catalyzed "click" 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reactions of azides and alkynes in organic media.
Branched poly(ethyleneimine) was first methylated and then cross-linked with 1,9-dibromononane.
Subsequently, after the immobilization of Cu(I)Br, this system was applied for heterogeneous copper catalyzed click chemistry of a few model reagents and polymeric compounds.
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Customer perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty: The role of switching costs

Chronologic Changes of Nitric Oxide Concentration in the Cochlear Lateral Wall and Its Role in Noise-Induced Permanent Threshold Shift

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 5 2008Yuh-Shyang Chen MD
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the chronologic changes of nitric oxide (NO) concentration in the cochlear lateral wall and to explore its possible role in permanent threshold shift (PTS) after intense noise exposure.
Materials and Methods: Seventeen guinea pigs were subjected to a single continuous exposure to broadband white noise at 105 ± 2 dB sound pressure level (SPL) for 40 hours and were divided into four groups according to various postnoise recovery periods.
Another 12 guinea pigs were not exposed to noise and served as controls.
The hearing status of all animals was evaluated with auditory brainstem responses (ABR) evoked by condensation "click" sounds.
ABR were recorded both prior to noise exposure and immediately before killing the animal.
After death, NO concentration in the cochlear lateral wall was directly measured with an NO/ozone chemiluminescence technique.
Results: An approximately 1.7-fold increase in NO concentration was observed immediately postnoise exposure, which persisted for up to 28 days.
The threshold of ABR elevation (mean, 30 dB SPL) peaked immediately after cessation of noise exposure and gradually resolved to a PTS (mean, 14.5 dB SPL) 56 days after noise exposure when NO concentration had returned to its prenoise exposure level.
Conclusion: Noise-induced threshold shift, which resolved to a mild PTS, can be partially attributed to NO elevation in the cochlear lateral wall.
Our results revealed a nonlinear correlation between ABR recovery and depletion of NO, indicating that the mechanisms of NO changes in the cochlear lateral wall may be more complicated than previously conceived and that other pathophysiologic mechanisms may also play important roles in noise-induced PTS.
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FingerTip Urology: illustrations for patient dialogue at the click of your cursor

CHEMBIOCHEM, Issue 10 2006Youhei Sohma
Abstract
A clear understanding of the pathological mechanism of amyloid , peptide (A,) 1,42, a currently unexplained process, would be of great significance for the discovery of novel drug targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy.
To date, though, the elucidation of these A,1,42 dynamic events has been a difficult issue because of uncontrolled polymerization, which also poses a significant obstacle in establishing experimental systems with which to clarify the pathological function of A,1,42.
We have recently developed chemical biology-oriented pH- or phototriggered "click peptide" isoform precursors of A,1,42, based on the "O -acyl isopeptide method", in which a native amide bond at a hydroxyamino acid residue, such as Ser, is isomerized to an ester bond, the target peptide subsequently being generated by an O,N intramolecular acyl migration reaction.
These click peptide precursors did not exhibit any self-assembling character under physiological conditions, thanks to the presence of the one single ester bond, and were able to undergo migration to give the target A,1,42 in a quick and easy, one-way (so-called "click")conversion reaction.
The use of click peptides could be a useful strategy to investigate the biological functions of A,1,42 in AD through inducible activation of A,1,42 self-assembly.
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CHEMINFORM, Issue 52 2007Implications of the Pseudo Jahn, Teller Effects.
Abstract
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals.
To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[source]

The Anion Distribution in Zr7O8N4

CHEMINFORM, Issue 52 2007Thomas Bredow
Abstract
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals.
To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
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Crystal Structures of Na1/2Ln1/2TiO3 (Ln: La, Eu, Tb).

CHEMINFORM, Issue 52 2007Rajeev Ranjan
Abstract
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals.
To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[source]

One-Dimensional Array of Two- and Three-Center Cation,Cation Bonds in the Structure of Li4 [(UO2)10O10(Mo2O8)].

CHEMINFORM, Issue 52 2007Evgeny V. Alekseev
Abstract
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals.
To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[source]

Reactivity of the "yl"-Bond in Uranyl(VI) Complexes.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 52 2007Part 1.
Abstract
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals.
To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[source]

Syntheses, Crystal Structures, UV-Vis Spectra and First NMR Spectra of New Potassium Salts of Chalcogenogermanates.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 52 2007Maike Melullis
Abstract
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals.
To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[source]

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [K([2.2]crypt)]2[HgGe9](dmf).

CHEMINFORM, Issue 52 2007M. Bele Boeddinghaus
Abstract
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals.
To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[source]

CHEMINFORM, Issue 52 2007S. Cevik
Abstract
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals.
To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
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CHEMINFORM, Issue 52 2007Krisztian Bogar
Abstract
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals.
To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[source]

Thia-Michael Addition Reactions in Water Using 3-[Bis(alkylthio)methylene]pentane-2,4-diones as Odorless and Efficient Thiol Equivalents.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 52 2007Yanyan Chai
Abstract
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals.
To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[source]

A Facile Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of p-Quinols by Lead(IV) Acetate Oxidation.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 52 2007Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
Abstract
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals.
To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[source]