The
name Agnus Dei has been given to certain discs of wax impressed with the figure
of a lamb and blessed at stated seasons by the Pope. They are sometimes round,
sometimes oval in diameter. The lamb usually bears a cross or flag, while
figures of saints or the name and arms of the Pope are also commonly impressed
on the reverse. These Agnus Dei’s may be worn suspended round the neck, or they
may be preserved as objects of devotion. In virtue of the consecration they
receive, they are regarded, like holy water, blessed palms, etc., as
"Sacramentals".

Origin

The
origin of Agnus Deis is a matter of much obscurity. Recent authorities lay
stress upon the lack of evidence for their existence before the ninth century.
But it seems probable that they had their beginning in some pagan usage of
charms or amulets, from which the ruder populace were weaned by the enjoyment
of this Christian substitute blessed by prayer. The early history of Catholic
ceremonial affords numerous parallels for this Christianizing of pagan rites.
It is not disputed that the Agnus Deis originated in Rome. If so, we may probably trace the custom
back to the final overthrow of Paganism in that city, say the fifth century. We
know that when we first hear of them (c. 820) they were made of the remnants of
the preceding year's paschal candle. We also know from Ennoldius (c. 510) that
fragments of the paschal candles were used as a protection against tempests and
blight (Migne, P.L., LXIII, pp. 259, 262). It is also possible that a mention
of the blessing of wax under Pope Zosimus (418) in the "Liber
Pontificalis" (first edition) should be interpreted, with Mgr. Duchesne,
of the Agnus Dei, though it more probably refers to the paschal candle. It was
at this period and before the Trullan Council of 691 that the symbolism of the
Lamb most flourished; see the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus. The alleged
examples of early Agnus Deis, e.g. one of Gregory the Great in the treasury of Monza (see Kraus,
"Real-Encyclopadie," s.v.) cannot be trusted. The earliest certain
specimen now in existence seems to belong to the time of Gregory XI (1370).

History

From
the time of Amalarius (c. 820) onwards we find frequent mention of the use of
Agnus Deis. At a later period they were often sent by the Popes as presents to
sovereigns and distinguished personages. A famous letter in verse accompanied
the Agnus Dei despatched by Urban V to the Emperor John Palaeologus in 1366. In
the penal laws of Queen Elizabeth Agnus Deis are frequently mentioned among
other "popish trumperies" the importation of which into England was
rigorously forbidden.

Blessing
and Distribution

We
learn from an "Ordo Romanus" printed by Muratori ("Lit.
Rom", II, p. 1,004) that in the ninth century the archdeacon manufactured
the Agnus Deis early on Holy Saturday morning out of clean wax mixed with
chrism, and that they were distributed by him to the people on the Saturday
following (Sabbato in Albis). At a later date the Pope himself generally
assisted at both the blessing and the distribution. The great consecration of
Agnus Deis took place only in the first year of each pontificate and every
seventh year afterwards, which rule is still followed. The discs of wax are now
prepared beforehand by certain monks, and without the use of chrism. On the
Wednesday of Easter week these discs are brought to the Pope, who dips them
into a vessel of water mixed with chrism and balsam, adding various
consecratory prayers. The distribution takes place with solemnity on the
Saturday following, when the Pope, after the "Agnus Dei" of the Mass,
puts a packet of Agnus Dies into the inverted mitre of each cardinal and bishop
who comes up to receive them.

Symbolism and Use

The
symbolism of the Agnus Dei’s is best gathered from the prayers used at various
epochs in blessing them. As in the paschal candle, the wax typifies the virgin
flesh of Christ, the cross associated with the lamb suggests the idea of a
victim offered in sacrifice, and as the blood of the paschal lamb of old
protected each household from the destroying angel, so the purpose of these
consecrated medallions is to protect those who wear or possess them from all
malign influences. In the prayers of blessing, special mention is made of the
perils from storm and pestilence, from fire and flood, and also of the dangers
to which women are exposed in childbirth. It was formerly the custom in Rome to accompany the
gift of an Agnus Dei with a printed leaflet describing its many virtues.
Miraculous effects have been believed to follow the use of these objects of
piety. Fires are said to have been extinguished, and floods stayed. The
manufacture of counterfeits, and even the painting and ornamentation of genuine
Agnus Deis, has been strictly prohibited by various papal bulls.

Martyrs’ Paste

There
are also Agnus Deis of a grey colour, made from wax mingled with the dust which
is believed to be that of the bones of martyrs. These, which are called
"Paste de' SS. Martiri", are held to need no special consecration and
are treated as relics.

A
sacramental is a sacred object, or action, which the church uses for the
purpose of obtaining spiritual favors through the Church’s intercession.One such sacramental, and one of the Church’s
most ancient, is the Agnus Dei.

Agnus
Dei means Lamb of God, and is eh name given to certain wax discs upon which are
impressed the figure of a lamb, and the blessing of which, actually a
consecration, is reserved to the reigning Supreme Pontiff.

The
Agnus Dei dates from before the eighth century, and the matter, from, and
prayers for the consecration ceremony are duly described in the Roman Ritual.

In
the making of the Agnus Dei, pure white unadulterated wax must be used, and is
mixed with Holy Water, Balsam, and Chrism.The wax must be pure since it is designed to typify human nature as
being absolutely free from imperfection, when, in virtue of His Own Divine
Power, it was assumed by our Saviour in the Immaculate Womb of the Blessed
Virgin Mary.

The
figure of a lamb is impressed on these discs as it is symbolic of the Lamb of
god, without blemish, immolated on the alter of the Cross in atonement for
man’s sins.Holy water is also used
because it was chosen by god, both in the Old and New Testaments, for the
institution of the Great Sacraments.Balsam is mixed with the Holy Water to signify the sweet perfume of the
virtues of Christ, which should be eminently characteristic of His
followers.Chrism is added to show that
things so consecrated, such as churches, alters, and the priests themselves,
have been specially set apart for the divine service, the perfection of
Christian charity being likewise set forth.

The
waxen Agnus Deis are, accordingly, immersed in the water already blessed and
mingled with Balsam and Chrism; while before and after this action the Pope
utters the most solemn invocations, beseeching God to bless, sanctify, and
consecrate these discs, imparting to them such power that whosoever should
revere them with true faith and sincere piety might as indicated by the
writings of Popes Urban V, Paul II, Julius III, Sixtus V, and Benedict XIV,
participate in the following benefits and graces:

-That
at sight or touch of the Lamb impressed on these waxen discs, the faithful
should be inspired to dwell on the Mysteries of our Redemption recalled by this
symbol; and be moved to praise, venerate, and extol God’s goodness to us,
hoping to obtain pardon for their sins, and to be cleansed form all stain.

-They
are a protection from sudden and unprovided death.

-They
are a protection in combat, and have power to ensure victory.

-They
cause evil spirits to tremble and flee; that hailstones should case; tempests
subside, and whirlwinds, lightning, and hurricanes should be dispelled.

-They
deliver from poison and, through Divine Intervention, the snares, wiles, and
frauds of Satan should not prevail.

-They
are excellent preventatives against sickness, and are also an efficacious
remedy –especially in cases of epilepsy.

-They
dissipate hurricanes, clam whirlwinds, and keep away tempests.

-They
save from shipwreck and the danger of lightning and floods.

-They
preserve mothers and babies from peril and provide for a safe and easy
delivery.

It
is a matter of firm belief, confirmed by striking miracles, which these graces
and favors are wont to be vouchsafed to the faithful by Divine munificence in
virtue of the blessings and prayers of Christ’s Vicar, the Pope, consecrating
those waxen discs as Head of the Catholic Church.If, however, the desired result is not always
obtained, this should not be attributed to want of efficacy on the part of the
Sacramental, but rather to the luke-warmness of suppliants, or to some hidden
cause in meet accordance with the counsels of the Most High.

Many Favors

Throughout
the life of the Church favors too numerous to count have been granted by God
through the intercession of one of the Church’s most treasured Sacramentals,
the Agnus Dei.It is, however, worth of
not that in the Cause for Canonization of Bl. Innocent XI, tow first-class
miracles were accepted, both involving the use of Agnus Dei’s.

In
times past, the reigning Pope would consecrate the Agnus Dei’s during Holy Week
in the first year of his pontificate, and then every seventh year during his
reign.Inexplicably, the practice of
consecrating the Agnus Dei Sacramental was abandoned following the Second
Vatican Council.

Daily Prayer

O
my Lord Iesus, Christ, the true Lamb Who takest away the sins of the world; by
Thy Mercy, which is infinite, pardon my iniquities, and by Thy Sacred Passion
preserve me this day from all sin and evil. I carry about me this holy Agnus
Dei in Thy honor, as a preservative against my own weakness, and as an
incentive to the practice of that meekness, humility, and innocence which Thou
has taught us.I offer up to Thee as an
entire oblation, and in memory of that Sacrifice of Love which Thou didst offer
for me on the Cross, and in satisfaction for my sins.Accept this oblation, I beseech Thee, O my
God, and may it be acceptable to Thee in the odour of sweetness.Amen.

Pope Pius XII immerses the Agnus Dei Wax

(For those who carry or wear an Agnus Dei)

Jesus,
my Savior, true Lamb of God, Who takest away the sins of the world, by Thine
infinite mercy, I beseech Thee to pardon my iniquities. By Thy sacred Passion,
I beseech Thee preserve me this day from sin and shield me from all evil.To Thine honor and glory I carry about with
me this blessed Agnus Dei as a protection to my soul and body,and as an incentive to practice the virtues
which Thou hast inculcated, especially meekness, humility, purity and charity.
In memory of that sacrifice of love which Thou didst offer for me and all
mankind on Calvary,I consecrate my whole being to Thee.Thou didst die on the cross for love of me;
let me die to self for love of Thee!Keep
me in Thy love and Thy grace to the end of my life, that I may bless Thee
forever with the Saints to heaven. Amen.

Subscribe to Future Posts on "A Catholic Life"

Notice

About the Author

Matthew lives in the Greater Chicago Area. Matthew's personal interests include seeking a preservation of traditional Catholicism as practiced before the Second Vatican Council. He exclusively attends the Traditional Latin Mass and is a strong proponent of the work of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre. Matthew is available to assist any parishes seeking to start the Tridentine Latin Mass or those looking for religious education materials. Specific requests should be directed to Matthew through email, as should any and all advertising inquiries.