Prior to 1887, the entire physics community believed in a “luminiferous ether” which pervaded all of space. But, the Michelson Morley Experiment, which was widely acknowledged and expected to demonstrate and measure the effect of the “ether wind” as the earth moved through the ether in its transit through the galaxy, revolution around the sun, and rotation on its axis. The experiment revealed no effect on the speed of light regardless of the direction in which light was directed. This null result shocked the physics community and the entire conceptualization of the physical universe’s underlying structure changed to accommodate this new experimental data-point. They received a Nobel Prize for their experiment, and the physics establishment has enshrined non-existence of the “ether” as undisputed fact. While intuition rejects the notion that light transits space without a medium, science has rejected the concept of an ether in the name of simplicity, declaring that all physical effects can be explained without an ether.

It is precisely this point which must be confronted, all effects cannot be explained without an ether. As a result of divorcing ourselves from the acknowledgment of an ether, (i.e. the Dipole Sea and Matrix which conducts fields), we are left with a universe full of phenomena with no underlying cause. Among the litany of causeless phenomenon we include:

o Momentum simply defined as an effect

o Electromagnetic force carried by nothing

o Quantum phenomena such as particles which have no location other than probabilities

o Pair Production out of empty space, springing into existence from nothing but “energy”

o A Relativity-based universe which requires the simultaneous embrace of mutually contradictory facts.

Such a universe does not satisfy the conditions of Occam’s razor http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam's_Razor. A universe which mediates each of these disparate phenomena with rules unique to its particular circumstance yields a far more complicated universe than one which assumes the existence of a Dipole Sea from which springs all the phenomenon. A universe full of numerous self-existent effects can only be seen as complicated in comparison.

o A rotatable table held an apparatus which generated a collimated beam of light

o The light was split by a half-silvered mirror and the two beams sent through two separate pathways at 90° angles

o The two beams were reflected back along the same path

o The two beams re-merged to create an interference pattern on the target screen.

o When the table was rotated through a full 360°, the interference pattern on the target screen did not change.

The lack of change of interference pattern was interpreted to mean that there was in fact no speed added or subtracted from the velocity of light due to the relative velocity of the ether. The experiment was supposed to reveal the velocity of the light conducting medium (the ether), or at least the fact of the ether’s presence due to its effect on the speed of light. But no effect associated with the ether was seen by this experiment, so the entire concept of the ether was discarded. The experiment assumed that the conductive properties of the ether were the same as media such as water and air. But in fact, the Dipole Sea conducts light/EM waves in a way that does not give the expected experimental result. Thus, when understanding how the DP Sea conducts light, we can understand how to frame the experiment, and note that this was not the definitive test of the ether’s existence as it was once believed.

The Michelson Morley Experiment considered how a photon would be phase delayed because of taking a longer path. The MMX apparatus created a situation where:

o Photons were emitted from a source and we shall assume the photons were collimated or in some way placed into a phase relationship that allowed them to produce an interference pattern on the screen after having traveled the path prescribed by the MMX apparatus.

o The end result was the fact that the interference pattern did not change as it was rotated through its entire circumference.

o The expected result was a change in the interference pattern because the light traveling perpendicular to the ether traveled farther than the leg traveling parallel to the ether.

Again: the track followed by the photons was as follows:

o The source emitted a continuous beam of in-phase photons.

o Half of the photons went through a half-silvered mirror (Lf), and half were reflected at 90° (Lm).

o Lf: The half that went through the half-silvered mirror traveled on that path, encountered a mirror, and was then reflected back to the half-silvered mirror.

o Lm: Likewise, the half that reflected 90° off the half-silvered mirror took a path to a mirror also reflected it back to the half-silvered mirror.

o A portion of these two returning beams will then pass through, or reflect off of, the half-silvered mirror in such a manner as to merge into a single beam that strikes the target screen.

§ Lf: A portion of the photons returning from the fixed mirror will pass through the half-silvered mirror and go toward the screen.

§ Lm: A portion of the photons returning from the movable mirror will pass the half-silvered mirror and go toward the screen.

The photons that traveled along a path perpendicular to the axis of the earth’s rotation were assumed to have traveled a farther distance.

o This presumption of the increased distance traveled through the ether was rationalized by the fact that the beam had to travel between the half-silvered mirror and the reflecting mirror in a path that caused it to add an additional increment of distance.

The beam traveling parallel to the ether flow will travel a longer distance going East and a shorter distance traveling West, thus the net distance traveled during the round trip between the half-silvered mirror, and the reflecting mirror will be identical to twice the distance measured between these two surfaces.

o Elaborating: The beam traveling parallel to the ether will also be traveling between the half-silvered mirror and the reflecting mirror, just as the beam traveling perpendicular to the ether flow. And, while traveling parallel to the flow of ether, it will have to travel farther when going against the flow than with the flow, because the screen will have retreated from the half-silvered mirror during its time of transit. But, on the return trip, the distance will be shortened, because the screen will be advancing toward the photon beam throughout its time of transit.

Thus, the beam traveling perpendicular to the ether flow will transit an additional increment of distance as compared to the beam traveling parallel to the ether flow.

o Thus, we have an expectation that the experiment would show a change in fringe patterns due to the fact that the proportion of distance traveled by the two legs (perpendicular vs. parallel) has changed.

§ Restated: the initial setup contained a ratio of perpendicular to parallel in leg 1 likewise a ratio of perpendicular to parallel in leg 2.

§ When the table was rotated, the ratio of perpendicular to parallel in both legs was changed.

§ Because of the changed ratios, the distances traveled by the light in leg 1 and leg 2 were both changed.

§ The result of distances changing is that the phase of the beams from leg1 and leg 2 change in relationship to each other at the point where they arrive at the target screen.

§ The expected fringe shift in the interference pattern at the screen was 3%, but no change in fringe was seen, which precipitated the conclusion that there was no ether.

Thus, the null result of the Michelson Morley Experiment shocked the physics community. The experiment was repeated many times by man different scientists, but the result was always the same, there was no evidence of the effect of the ether on the speed of light.

o This led Einstein to make his famous statement about the speed of light, which has been totally taken out of context and misunderstood

§ The speed of light is isotropic in every direction.

o This statement has been interpreted commonly meaning that the speed of light is constant.

§ But, such a concept is obviously incorrect since light passing through water travels at 70% of the speed of light in a vacuum.

o The result of Einstein’s theory explaining so many relativistic phenomena gave it the aura of truth. And as a result, research and thought was truncated in the direction of pursuing an ether theory which could encompass both relativistic phenomena and the absolute frame that the ether theory implied.

The resolution between the Theory of Relativity and the implications of an Absolute frame will come when a theory can explain how light can exhibit the properties seen in the Michelson-Morley Experiment and also rationalize relativistic phenomena.

The paradigm of 1887 predicted that light would have a different speed when aimed in different directions because it was assumed that light would necessarily exhibit a phase shift because of the extra distance it traveled going perpendicular to the ether flow. Thus, when no difference was found, the most obvious conclusion was that the speed of light was constant in every direction. It was this assumption that Einstein used to build his theory.

In the 1887 paradigm, the ether was believed to require that light which took a longer path to take a longer time, and thus produce a phase shift in the transit across the ether flow.

Pursuing the elaboration of the concept upon which the MMX was based further:

o The experiment created a pathway for light to travel where light would necessarily travel a longer distance in a leg going perpendicular to the ether flow. The rotation of the test bed from 0° to 90° insures that both legs are subject to the maximum variation in perpendicular to parallel ratio, This will maximize the experimentally observed phase shift that should occur due to the hypothesized increased time for the light beam to transit the cross ether flow.

Taking the analysis of the problem one step further, let us examine an analogy. Consider the case where two airplanes are flying in formation.

o Perpendicular configuration: The two planes can fly wingtip to wingtip through the air. Pilot 1 can shine a pulse of light to mirror on Plane 2. The pulse will come back and he will see the pulse he fired.

§ In this case the pulse of light travels the distance d1 through the air due to the distance between planes.

§ But, since the two planes were moving through the air/ether, the light pulse had to travel the additional distance x=vt.

v is the velocity of the plane

t is the time of transit of the light

§ One would think that the light would take longer to travel 2Ö(d2+(vt/2)2) than to travel 2d. But, the MMX experiment indicates that there is actually no added time involved in making that trip.

o Parallel configuration: The two planes fly nose to tail through the air. Pilot 1 shines a pulse of light off of a mirror on Plane 2. The pulse will come back and Pilot 1 will see the pulse he fired.

§ In this case, light simply travels out to Plane 2, and it takes the light a tiny fraction of a second longer than it would take if Plane 1 and Plane 2 were stationary. This increase in time results because Plane 2 is receding. The extra distance traveled by the photon on leg 1 (outgoing) is d + vt1.

d is the distance between nose and tail

v is the velocity of the planes through the air

t1 is the time it takes light to travel from plane 1 to plane 2.

§ On the way back, (on the return trip from the target/mirror plane), the light pulse travels a reduced increment of distance. This reduction in leg 2 exactly equals the increased distance the light traveled on leg 1.

As a result, the net result is that the distance the light traveled when flying nose to tail is identical to the distance the light would have traveled if the planes were stationary on the ground.

o The difference in the distance traveled, and the expectation of taking longer to travel because of the difference in distance traveled has a logic which must be countered. We would naturally expect that the light pulse traveling wing to wing would take longer to complete its transit than the light traveling nose to tail. But, they do not as proven by the MMX. Thus, the question remains, “Why?”

§ If light actually travels a longer distance through the ether, and it takes the same amount of time to transit a smaller distance as a larger distance, this implies that the perpendicular velocity to the photon is independent of the forward velocity of light.

Conclusion: photons are electromagnetic waves, and they travel in the direction of their generation at the speed of light.

o If a photon is generated by a mass in motion with respect to the stationary ether frame, the velocity of this mass automatically creates an electromagnetic field corresponding to that velocity.

o Thus, when an electron drops from a higher energy orbital to a lower energy orbital, and releases a photon in the process, that photon carries the additional component of energy associated with its absolute frame velocity.

§ The component of velocity parallel with the photon’s radial speed of light propagation will be interpreted as a higher energy photon when in the ether frame.

§ The tangential velocity carried by the photon corresponds to the velocity of the emitting mass.

The tangential velocity of light does not travel at the speed of light, but rather corresponds to the velocity of the momentum-field of the originating.

o In summary: a photon can have two components of velocity, independent of each other. The kinetic energy of the mass in the radial direction of the photon will simply add to the frequency/energy of the photon. The tangential velocity of the mass will be likewise conveyed to the photon, and carried independent of the radial velocity, but nevertheless change the locus of its progress due to the velocity addition of these two vectors. And note, the addition of these two vectors, being greater than the speed of light in the environment does not violate the law that light travels only at the speed of light. The principle of orthogonal vectors insures that these two quantities are isolated from each other.

§ The implications of this theorem explain many relativistic phenomena.

§ For example: a mass and photon traveling at a constant velocity in relationship with each other will have the relative velocity between each other which will remain the same regardless of the frame in which they are examined.

§ Likewise, a mass and photon both have an absolute velocity with respect to the Matrix. The speed of light of the photon is always the speed of light with respect to the absolute frame. And, a mass will likewise have an absolute velocity. But, that absolute velocity will never be evidenced because particles and particles, and particles and light, always respond to each other in terms of their relative velocity. Thus, the world appears without foundational absolutes because of the invisible, subtracted out, effect of the absolute frame.

To be more specific: A photon has a radial component which travels at the local speed of light. This velocity depends only on the ì and å of the local space through which it travels. A photon likewise has a tangential component, which reflects the velocity of the mass which originally held that quantum of energy. When that mass made a quantum energy transition, it was obeying the quantum energy restrictions associated with that space. The component of velocity tangential to the radial photon velocity does not enter into the conversion process, other than to note that the energy of the photon was associated with a certain mass. When that mass was lost, its tangential velocity was also lost. Thus, by a conservation of energy argument the photon will carry away both the radial component, and the tangential component so as to fully account for the mass/energy conversion associated with the absolute velocity and energy .

Thus, the direction of propagation of the photon will always be 1/√ìå but, that packet of energy may have a component of propagation (velocity/energy) perpendicular to the direction of light propagation.

The velocity associated with the source could be called the photon’s tangential component, momentum component, or the perpendicular velocity.

When there is a receding or approaching velocity, the momentum component of the photon is perceived as a red or blue shift.

o This is not an absolute blue or red shift, nor does it reflect the absolute velocity of the photon in any way, it merely reflects the fact that the velocity of the frame of reference affects the amount of energy that will be transferred by the photon when it is absorbed by a target mass.

o Evidence of the absolute frame of reference can be measured empirically by traveling in near speed of light craft, and taking careful measurements at various points in the trip.