Mushrooms

October 13, 2014

Here's a cool mushroom I stumbled across last week: a lion's mane or bear's head tooth mushroom (Hericium americanum), a choice edible according to the books. I did not sample it as Husband was away on business and therefore unavailable to drive me to the ER should I have any sort of dramatic allergic reaction.

However, I did take home this little hen of the woods.

It's not the prettiest specimen I've ever found, but it was delicious nonetheless. Also, it was a manageable size so I didn't have to spend forever cleaning it.

Some other mushrooms I found:

A little gem-studded puffball.

Black trumpets. I don't even know how I saw these among all the leaf litter, but there they were, growing out of the moss right underneath my feet on the trail. Most of them looked partially desiccated and were loaded with grit. They're now fully dehydrating as we speak. I'm thinking maybe when I soak them to use for soup or risotto, I can pour off the flavorful liquid, leaving all the sediment behind.

Here are some remnants of a lobster mushroom. Have you ever seen these? They're bright reddish-orange on the outside, creamy white on the inside, like a lobster (hence the name). What's actually happening is that a type of parasitic mold (Hypomyces lactifluorum) infects a russula or lactarius mushroom, which gives it that unique color and improves the flavor of the host. For more information on this mushroom and its edibility, read this.

And, finally, a lovely chicken mushroom. It reminds me of a flamenco dress, with its cascading, brightly colored ruffles. Despite this being a delicious and popular edible, I learned from last year's chicken mushroom that my heart races for 24 to 36 hours after eating it, so I really ought to stay away. Allergies to wild mushrooms are very common, so, when sampling something new, always start with just a little and wait 24 hours to see how you react.

Disclaimer: I am not a mushroom expert. I'm just a passionate amateur. Do not use me as your primary source. Do not eat a whole bunch of mushrooms just because they kinda look like one of my photos. And, if you do, do not forward me your hospital bills. Buy some mushroom books and join a local mushrooming club so you can get some hands-on experience with experts in your area. Then enjoy the woods!

April 29, 2014

A few weeks ago, I found myself with a glut of shiitake mushrooms. A sudden spell of warm weather caused my five logs to flush all at once with these small, rather dry, cracked mushrooms. The next day called for rain, so I decided to keep them out a little longer to let them grow a bit more and rehydrate. When I woke up the next morning, the temperature had plummeted, there was snow on the ground, and I ended up with several pounds of huge, rather waterlogged, partially frozen mushrooms (insert frowny-faced emoticon here).

Frozen mushrooms aren't the best. The way mushrooms grow from tiny pinheads to full-grown specimens is basically by inflating with water. But if that water should freeze, it will expand and rupture the cell walls. The results are pretty slimy. I know because I cooked the frozen ones anyway. Not the best.

On the upside, some of the mushrooms didn't freeze and these banh mi-like sandwiches were a great way to enjoy them. A banh mi is a sandwich that evolved in Vietnam during the French colonial period. It's usually some kind of meat, like pate or pork belly, in a baguette with pickled vegetables, fresh herbs, and spicy chili sauce—a fusion of both cultures in one tasty package. For this vegetarian version, shiitake slices are sautéed in soy sauce and garlic, then added to a baguette slathered with Sriracha mayo, layered with quick-pickled cucumbers and radishes, and garnished with cilantro and mint. Fresh-tasting and satisfying, this was lunch all week.

The idea was inspired by a recipe in the vegan cookbook Isa Does It by Isa Chandra Moskowitz, except I unveganed it by adding the mayo back in. Vegans and non-vegans alike will want to check out this book: it's full of things that even I would eat, and the food photography and overall design is great. And if you have the same pet peeve I have about authors' faces on the cover (no offense to anyone's face—all I want to see is the food), you can remove the dust jacket and underneath it, printed directly on the cover, is a nice colorful alphabet soup with little pasta letters spelling out "Let's Eat."

Yes, let's!

Shiitake Banh Mi

Avoid super-crusty baguettes for these sandwiches unless you want the roof of your mouth shredded. Aim for something mid-way between a soft sub roll and a traditional baguette (Russo's shoppers: try the medium sub rolls that come in bags of three on the bottom shelf). Also, I used regular red radishes, which turned the picking liquid pink and gave the vegetables a rosy hue by Day 2. If you want a more manly sandwich, maybe stick with the traditional white daikon radishes.

For the pickles, whisk together the vinegar, water, sugar, and salt until dissolved. Stir in the vegetables and let them sit in the liquid until ready to serve.

For the shiitakes, preheat a large sauté pan over medium-high heat. When hot, add the oil and then the shiitakes. Sauté until they soften, release their moisture, and brown a bit in spots, 5 to 10 minutes depending on how much moisture they contain. Add the garlic and sauté for 30 seconds before adding the soy sauce, stirring until well mixed and fragrant. Remove the mushrooms to a shallow bowl to cool slightly.

For the Sriracha mayo, whisk together the mayo, Sriracha, and salt. As written, the spice level is about medium, but you can adjust it to your liking by adding more mayo or more Sriracha.

To assemble the sandwiches, split the baguettes lengthwise by cutting out a narrow wedge from the top. Then hollow out the rolls a little by pulling out some of the extra bread inside to make room for more filling. Spread the inside generously with Sriracha mayo. Add some cooked mushrooms, then some pickled radish and cucumbers, and then cilantro and mint. Eat up. Any remaining sandwich components can be stored several days covered in the fridge. Makes 4 sandwiches.

April 14, 2014

Wow, it feels so nice to finally get outside and run around. Or, in my case, to rake all the leaves we never raked in the fall. Or, in Husband's case, to deal with the Christmas tree he flung out the back door right before a snowstorm, where it has remained in a heap ever since, lights and all.

Other things we enjoyed this weekend:

Our farm's fundraiser on Friday night. The little baking gift basket I put together for the silent auction fetched more than $100 for the farm despite being well out of season at this point. Thanks to whoever got to take it home! As for me, I got so excited with my bidding and wine-drinking that I ended up spending all the babysitter money on raffle tickets.

I was so disappointed in the outcome of the raffle that I snuck out with one of the Swiss chard sprout centerpieces as my prize. (I'm never really sure what the etiquette is for centerpieces. Are they meant to be taken home at the end of the party? Or not? But everyone else was just taking them and I wanted those Swiss chard sprouts, I wanted them! They look so much better than the stuff I try to grow. Plus, they're not for me, they're for the school garden. Think of the children!)

April 04, 2014

Mushroom season is almost upon us! And without any book events on the horizon, that means there's nothing to stop me from diving face first into the poison ivy. Nothing except my vanity, that is, which is inconsistent at best.

Brace yourselves for my hideous form!

In the meantime, here's a great recipe for individual mushroom strudels. I had these for lunch all week. They're like a food snob's Hot Pocket. Just pop the leftovers in the toaster oven and serve them with a little salad. (Oh, who am I kidding, there was no salad. Phyllo laughs at salad.)

I made these strudels with regular old button mushrooms combined with dried Serbian black trumpets rehydrated in water, but you can use whatever mushrooms you like. They were inspired by one of my favorite books on edible fungi, The Complete Mushroom Book by Antonio Carluccio. It's an amazing book. As Amazon reviewer Richard Powell notes, "You get the impression that you have been taken into a confidence, that you are being let in on some secrets. Reading this book is a bit like reading a dusty sacred text with golden page edges." My thoughts exactly. The beautiful photos don't hurt, either. And the recipes? Fabulous. Lots of nice pastas, risottos, and sautés, though maybe the morels stuffed with foie gras were a little over the top. I mean, if I had both morels and foie gras on hand, I might be inclined to spread out the wealth a little, maybe give them each a chance to shine independently. Foie gras stuffed inside morels in a cognac cream sauce is like the turducken of luxury foods. A little rich for a Tuesday night, but let's file that idea away for my last supper.

Mushroom Strudels

If you can't be bothered with phyllo dough, you can just sauté the mushrooms (omit the flour) and then serve them over polenta, rice, or the whole grain of your choice.

Preheat the oven to 400°F. Grease a baking sheet with butter or line it with parchment paper.

Clean the mushrooms by wiping them with a damp paper towel. In a large sauté pan, melt the butter and cook the onion over medium heat, stirring occasionally for about 4 minutes until soft. Add the mushrooms and nutmeg, and sauté for 4 minutes more until the mushrooms have cooked down and released their juices. Reduce the heat to low and add the sherry. Cook for about 2 minutes stirring now and then to evaporate the alcohol. Stir in the flour, marjoram, salt, and pepper, and remove from the heat. Let the mixture cool while preparing the pastry.

Set a sheet of phyllo on the counter, short side facing you. Brush it with melted butter. Add another sheet of phyllo on top, and brush that with butter. Top with a third sheet of phyllo. Spoon one-fourth of the mushroom mixture on the side closest to you, leaving an inch of space all around the bottom and sides. Sprinkle the mushrooms with 1 tablespoon of the Parmesan cheese. Fold the bottom edge of the phyllo over the top of the mixture, fold in the sides, and then roll it over and over into a neat package not unlike a burrito. Brush it all over with beaten egg and set it on the baking sheet seam side down. Repeat three more times.

March 21, 2014

To follow up on my earlier dumpling post, here's the recipe for the veggie dumplings I make with shiitake mushrooms, cabbage, and carrots. The recipe for the pork version, which started this whole dumpling kick more than 10 years ago, is here. If you run out of steam with your dumpling making, don't beat yourself up about it. Both fillings make fantastic omelets. I've done that many times myself (with a dab of spicy sambal oelek on the side). Enjoy!

Vegetable Dumplings

This year, I tried to take my crimping skills to the next level by watching this video. My technique isn't perfect, but I get the job done. You can also use pre-made gyoza wrappers instead of making your own dumpling skins.

For the dumpling skins, put the flour in a medium bowl and gradually add the water, stirring with a fork until the dough can no longer be stirred. Turn the mixture out onto a lightly floured surface and knead with floured hands until smooth, 5 to 10 minutes. If the dough is too dry to come together, add a little more water. If the dough is too wet and sticky, add more flour as necessary. Transfer the dough to a clean, oiled bowl, cover with plastic, and refrigerate for at least 30 minutes or up to 3 hours.

In a large sauté pan or wok, heat the oil over medium heat and sauté the onions and ginger until softened, about 3 minutes. Stir in the mushrooms and cook for a minute. Next, add the cabbage, carrots, and Chinese chives. Season with salt and pepper. Cook for 3 to 5 minutes until the vegetables are soft and all excess liquid has evaporated. Transfer the mixture to a bowl and let cool. Stir in the soy sauce, sesame oil, and chopped cilantro. Store covered in the refrigerator until ready to use.

Cut the dough into 8 wedges with a sharp knife or bench scraper. With your hands, roll one piece of dough into a 1-inch thick rope. Cut the rope into 1-inch pieces and roll them into balls. With a rolling pin, roll out the balls into 3½-inch rounds. If your circles aren't coming out very circular at first, don't worry, you'll get better with practice. Keep the remaining dough covered to keep it from drying out.

For each wrapper, put 2 teaspoons of filling in the center and fold the dough over to form a half circle. Pleat and press the edges together with your fingers. If they don’t stick, use a little water in between to seal. Transfer the dumplings to a floured baking sheet and cover with plastic. Freeze on individual trays until completely frozen, and then store in freezer bags until ready to use.

To pan-fry, heat 3 tablespoons of vegetable oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Working in batches of no more than 8, add the dumplings with ½ cup water, cover, and cook until the bottoms begin to brown, 7 to 10 minutes. Reduce the heat to medium-low and continue cooking, covered, until the bottoms are toasty brown and crisp, 7 to 10 minutes more. If they should stick to the pan, carefully loosen the bottoms with a spatula (be careful not to splash hot oil on yourself). Transfer the dumplings to a plate. Serve with a dipping sauce made from equal parts soy sauce and rice vinegar.

October 08, 2013

About a week and a half ago, I went on a mushroom walk and got hideously lost. I'm a little embarrassed to admit it because the area wasn't that big and it was surrounded by relatively well-traveled roads. How lost could I possibly get?

Very lost it turns out. I could not get myself back to the main path to save my life. I had wandered deep into the forest looking at cool mushrooms like that chicken mushroom shown above. I had already consumed all of my snacks and most of my water. School was letting out in an hour. The kids have been told over and over again what they're supposed to do should they find I'm not at the bus stop at the appointed time, but previous dry runs have shown little to no retention of the information. Suffice it to say the confused and noisy gesticulations observed from a short distance come at the expense of any actionable plan. I really didn't want to miss the bus.

Luckily, I had my newfangled smart phone with me. I tend to use it more for its navigational capabilities than its intended communication purposes. I'd walk a few steps, check my phone, walk a few more steps, check my phone again, and then proceed onward assuming the path would keep going straight, which it never did. Round and around I'd go in ever-widening circles, never in the direction I planned. By now, I was getting hopelessly thirsty knowing that the only source of water was a stagnant pond teeming with parasites real and imagined. I tried to remember how Survivorman created his own personal urine still from a piece of plastic wrap while trapped in the desert. I saved my snack baggie just in case.

I was thrashing from one side of the path to the next, praying for deliverance, when I came across this mushroom.

I know that coral mushroom! I saw it hours ago on the way into the forest! Following the various fungal markers like bread crumbs, I staggered my way toward the sunlight.

Long story short, I made it back just in time for the school bus. BUT...

I got poison ivy all over my face again. I shit you not. Nowhere else, just my face! This time, though, I sought medical attention earlier rather than later, and the damage wasn't nearly as bad as the first time around. Still, I've been banned from the woods until further notice. At least until my book appearances are over. Turns out nobody feels hungry for dessert once they've gazed upon my festering, urushiol-ravaged face. Losers!

September 30, 2013

September 20, 2013

I can always tell when the wild mushrooms are out because at least one of my shiitake logs will start producing. They like heavy rains and major temperature changes. This stump is usually my worst producer, but it gave me mushrooms the size of salad plates last week. One of my other logs produced several shiitakes of a more reasonable size.

For lunch over the weekend, I made a stir-fry of Asian eggplant, shiitakes, garlic, scallions, and basil.

August 22, 2012

It's so funny how you can walk for an hour and see no mushrooms at all (or at least not the ones you want), and then all of a sudden, you come upon a giant monstrosity such as this one—bright orange like a beacon on the brown forest floor—and you feel like you just found buried treasure, even though it was out there, plain as day, for all the world to see. Maybe nobody walked by, or maybe nobody noticed it, or maybe somebody did notice it but just thought it was some weird gross fungus. Which it is. But it sure is tasty!

I was very excited because this is the first chicken of the woods I've ever found (not to be confused with a hen of the woods, which is brown and tastes different). Chicken mushrooms range from bright yellow to orange, but mine was the color of Circus Peanuts, those old-fashioned marshmallow candies my dad enjoys. The specimen I found was bigger than my head and in very good condition (for a fungus). Also called sulfur shelf, Laetiporus sulphureus got the nickname chicken of the woods because it tastes likes chicken. I agree, it's surprisingly chickeny in texture for a non-meat, so vegetarians take note.

I really wanted to emerge from the woods victorious, carrying my gigantic neon trophy, but it takes forever to clean a mushroom that big (see here). Plus, nobody else in my house is going to eat it but me. So I opted to take just half, sawing off the shelves with the handy-dandy pocketknife I keep around for mushrooms and rapists. Turns out, slicing the brackets off the central stalk makes it really hard to carry them long distances, especially when you're lost. But then, if I hadn't gotten lost, I never would have found the mushroom in the first place since the trail I wandered down basically led to a dead end of No Trespassing signs. Anyone with a trail map wouldn't have bothered going that way. So I juggled my mushroom pieces as best I could while stumbling blindly down the trails, drunk with success and the giddy danger of potential mushroom-poisoning. I found my way back to the car eventually.

Later on, back at the homestead, I double-checked my mushroom identification in various expert reference books. That's when I realized that my specimen matched all of the criteria for a chicken of the woods except for one. L. sulphureus is supposed to have bright yellow pores on the underside of the cap, while the pores on my mushroom were ivory white. This is not a good thing to discover after you've already spent an hour cleaning and trimming your mushroom. That's a major discrepancy in a field where minor discrepancies can be deadly. Even though there are supposedly no poisonous look-alikes for this mushroom, I wasn't eating it until I got some official confirmation that what I had was indeed edible.

After some frantic late-night Googling, I discovered a page on the University of Wisconsin site by Thomas Volk. His name sounded familiar, and it turns out he's a prominent mycologist whose name was dropped several times in Eugenia Bone's mushroom memoir, Mycophilia. Anyway, his DNA research published in 1998 turned up six different species within the previously known category of chicken of the woods. One, Laetiporus cincinnatus, matched the criteria of my mushroom perfectly:

Growing as a rosette at the base of a dead oak tree

Salmon orange in color

Creamy white pores underneath

White spore print

Not only is it edible, but Volk considers it to be the most delicious of the group. Score! I sautéed the mushroom pieces with onions, garlic, potatoes, and fresh sage leaves for a delicious lunch.

April 03, 2012

Husband was out of town last week, so I took that opportunity to make all the food he hates. (Or all the food he thinks he hates.) Enter this sesame soba salad with mushrooms and tofu. He's never had this particular dish before, but it just seems like exactly the kind of thing he wouldn't want to see on the dinner table after a long day at work. You get a sense for these things after spending 20 years with someone. But like I said, he was gone, and it was the perfect repository for my recent flush of homegrown shiitakes.

The recipe is from Melissa Clark's latest book, Cook This Now, which you should seriously consider buying, not because of the bullying title but because your favorite blogger bullied you into it. (That's me, by the way. Your favorite blogger. In case somebody else jumped to mind.) The chapters are arranged by month so it's perfect for cooking with the seasons, especially if you belong to a particularly fertile CSA. It's one of those cookbooks where every single recipe sounds good.

Soba are thin Japanese buckwheat noodles, and here they're tossed with roasted mushrooms, fresh cucumbers and scallions, and a sesame and soy sauce dressing brightened with ginger and a bit of orange juice. There's also a recipe for tofu "croutons," which I was skeptical about, not being much for tofu myself, but then I ate half of the fried cubes before dinner was even served. Frying makes everything better, even tofu.

I think you can pretty well imagine the kids' reaction to this meal. My eldest looked stricken when confronted with his plate. He's a great eater these days, but even he has his limits. Brown pasta? Tofu? Mushrooms that look like sea monster tentacles? Not a recipe for success. (Well, maybe the sea monster tentacles.) Both kids ate their mandatory quota of bites and then slunk off. But, boy, I thought it was delicious. I will definitely be making this again, though maybe just for my solo weekday lunches.

Sesame Soba Salad with Roasted Shiitakes and Tofu Croutons

When outdoor potluck season begins, consider this instead of your usual pasta salad.

Toss the mushroom slices with 1 Tbsp. sesame oil, 1/2 Tbsp. soy sauce, and a pinch of salt. Spread them out on a baking sheet in a single layer. Roast, tossing occasionally, until mushrooms are tender and slightly golden, 8-10 minutes.

Pat tofu cubes dry with paper towels and heat oil in a large nonstick pan over medium heat. When it shimmers, add the tofu in a single layer and let it cook undisturbed for 3-4 minutes until golden brown on the bottom. Flip the pieces over and cook 2-3 minutes more until the other side is golden. In a small bowl, whisk together 2 Tbsp. soy sauce and 1/2 Tbsp. sesame oil. Pour it into the pan with the tofu and toss for 1 minute longer. Drain tofu on a paper towel-lined plate.

Cook the soba noodles according to the package instructions. My instructions were in Japanese, so I kept tasting them until they seemed done, about 6 minutes. Drain and run under cold water, draining again.

Cut the peeled cucumbers lengthwise into quarters and scoop out the seeds. Cut each quarter into slices. In a large bowl, toss the noodles with the cucumber, mushrooms, scallions, and cilantro. Lightly toast sesame seeds in a dry pan, tossing frequently, 1-2 minutes. Add sesame seeds to salad. Toss with dressing, top with tofu, and serve.

March 30, 2012

Walking by my kitchen window the other day, something caught my eye. Past the birdfeeders and under the azalea bushes and mountain laurel that grow along the rock walls of our steep yard, was a mushroom. A shiitake, it looked like. I was confused because it's pretty early for mushrooms, plus it appeared to be growing out from under some ivy (shiitakes grow out of wood, not the ground).

Then I realized what happened. When the roofers came to replace our roof back in the fall, they heaved my mushroom logs into the bushes because they were in the way and what the hell were all these logs doing lined up vertically in a row anyway? The logs were fine where they ended up, all nestled in ivy—mushroom logs aren't terribly picky as long as they're not in the beating sun. I wasn't going to bother to retrieve them until after the April showers.

But then all of the unseasonably warm weather we had last week must have triggered the mushrooms to fruit. Two of the logs produced a whole bunch of big, beautiful mushrooms. Because the logs were horizontal instead of vertical, the mushrooms grew in a different orientation than previous flushes. (Mushrooms grow toward the light even though they don't rely on the sun for energy like plants do.) The best part was that, because of the early showing, the mushrooms were way ahead of the slugs and bugs. That meant I got to have these perfect specimens all to myself, critter-free! Recipe to come.

December 14, 2011

Do you like coffee? Do you like mushrooms? Well, have I got a giveaway for you!

Rao's Coffee Roasting Company, located in Hadley, MA, supplies direct-trade coffee beans to more than 100 Boston area restaurants, including Craigie on Main and Hamersley's Bistro. Rao's recently partnered with Ming Tsai, chef of Blue Ginger and host of public television's Simply Ming, to create a one-of-a-kind coffee blend that includes health-promoting maitake mushrooms. And you do remember the other name for maitake mushrooms, don't you? DON'T YOU??? It's my beloved hen-of-the-woods! Pay attention, people!

Mushrooms in coffee? Are you intrigued? I know I am. But since I'm not a coffee-drinker, you guys get to be my guinea pigs. Rao's is donating one 16 oz. bag of Ming Tsai's Maitake Coffee for Health (caf or decaf) to one lucky winner. Don't think I'm being 100% altruistic here. I want you guys to stop falling asleep during my mushroom posts. To be considered, leave a comment below about coffee or mushrooms. Comments will close at 10 p.m. EST on Saturday 12/17.

If you prefer your coffee untainted with mushrooms, know that Rao's also sells French Roast, Ethiopian Yirgacheffe, Guatemalan (organically grown), and a whole bunch of other coffees perfect for gift-giving. You can order them through their site or, if you're lucky, you might find some at Russo's (oddly, under the mushroom bins).

October 28, 2011

This will probably be my last mushroom post until next spring, so you can all breathe a deep sigh of relief. But first I have to tell you what happened after last week's hen of the woods post. To refresh your memory, that was the post in which I was being a big baby because I was unable to successfully lay claim to my very own hen of the woods mushroom, despite having found four. (Sheesh, Tammy, ever heard of a store? Shut up, whose side are you on?)

Within the course of 24 hours, that post was forwarded by a kind reader to someone who had several suspected hens of the woods growing right in her yard. I was invited to make a house call to a neighboring town to scope out the fungal situation. This is not the first time I've gone on a mushroom-related house call. Earlier this year, I was led to a house that had literally dozens of black morels popping out of the mulch. Can you imagine that? A flower bed full of morels right out your own front door??? I was dumbstruck! I had to be slapped across the face several times before I snapped out of it.

This time, I was much more composed. Once I located the house in question, I spotted the hens roosting at the base of an oak tree—all four of them. I drove by verrrrry sloooowly with the windows down, ogling them like Lenny and Squiggy, until I crashed into some trash cans! Okay, so there weren't any trash cans, but it's my story. I'll tell it how I want. I ran out of the car, ignoring the trash cans everywhere, and ran through my hen of the woods identification check list:

Not only was the identity of the mushroom confirmed , but I also had permission to take some mushrooms home (hooray!!!). That was the crucial missing link. So I did—specifically, two hens growing next to each other that had become conjoined into one 4-pound mass. I didn't just rip them out of the ground; I cut them at their bases to leave the underground mycelium intact. This helps encourage future mushrooms to grow in the same area in subsequent seasons. Remember, there are no poisonous look-alikes for this mushroom (also known as maitake and grifola frondosa). That combined with its tastiness makes it a mushroom everyone should know. Many thanks to M and H for getting it into my greedy little hands!

Tell me this isn't a pretty mushroom!

But, wow, I forgot what a pain in the ass they are to clean. I brushed off as much debris as possible initially, but there are so many crevices, you could easily spend an hour or more properly preparing this mushroom for eating. Plus you have to escort out all the creepy-crawlies that were using it as a luxury condo. Worms. Spiders. CENTIPEDES!!! Boy, for someone who likes to hang around rotting stumps, I sure am afraid of centipedes. (It's their speed that gets me. Their deadly speed!)

So in case you ever find yourself in possession of a hen of the woods, here are some tips for prepping this delicacy:

Set mushroom in a large bowl and pick off all the acorns, leaves, and twigs.

Brush off dirt with an unused paintbrush or other kitchen-grade brush using lots of quick, brisk strokes, working from top to bottom.

Using a sharp paring knife, cut off the dirtiest parts of the base, and move mushroom to a clean cutting board.

Wipe off the knife and cut through the remaining base into workable sections as if you're cutting up a cauliflower through its core.

Cut off rotten, bruised, or moldy sections, and discard. Escort worms and bugs out of the crevices with tip of knife.

Cut into smaller pieces, 1-3 inches wide depending on your purpose. Make a point to cut into any areas with lots of crevices to evict any lurking insects. (I find the central part of the mushroom to be plenty tender in young specimens, though it may be too tough in older ones.)

Wipe off any remaining dirt on each piece with damp paper towels. You will go through quite a few of them. (I don't soak mushrooms in water. I find that makes them slimy, waterlogged, and hardly any cleaner.)

What you end up with is something like little mushroom florets—two big plates of them from a four-pound mushroom. Cover with damp paper towels and plastic wrap with some holes poked in it.

It's best to cook them right away, but they will last in the fridge for several days this way (the paper towels will need remoistening).

Always cook the mushrooms well. One way is to sauté them in butter for 15-20 minutes until tender. If the pieces start to brown before they're tender, add some water and keep cooking.

Inevitably, a little bit of grit ends up in your dish despite your best efforts. Just add extra black pepper. Any little worms you missed will be easily identified by their coiled-up forms at the bottom of the pan. Discard them immediately and think nothing more about what you just saw. Instead, think of all the invisible cancer-fighting compounds this mushroom contains. Yum!

Since it's such a big deal to me to find these, I like to make something really special. I layer the cooked mushrooms with lasagna noodles, browned sweet Italian sausage, lots and lots of braised celery root and leeks, mozzarella and parmesan cheese, and a creamy sauce. I bake two trays and freeze one away. It's totally worth the work.

October 18, 2011

Bet you weren't expecting a pop quiz on wild fungi first thing in the morning, but I'll make mushroom foragers out of you yet. You've seen this before on this blog. It's a hen of the woods. Not a chicken of the woods. That's different. A hen of the woods is a ruffly mass that grows at the base of oak trees. It has pores on the underside instead of gills, and has no poisonous look-alikes. It usually grows back year after year in the same place. It is also amazingly delicious and doesn't make me vomit. In other words, A-list material.

Ever since a kind stranger bestowed upon me a hen of the woods last year (when I made that amazing celery root and wild mushroom lasagna), I've been trying to find one of my very own. I thought I found such a specimen over the summer, but it was growing on protected land (and people were looking), so I couldn't take it home. Then, a few weeks ago, I went on a group mushroom walk with Lawrence Millman. He just came out with a new mushroom book, Fascinating Fungi of New England, which is beautifully illustrated and written with a certain amount of wit. He brought us around the woods of Drumlin Farm and pointed out all kinds of fungi I hadn't seen before, like stinkhorns and white pine splotch. He seemed to have a particular fascination with slime molds, which I did not share.

On our way back, though, something caught my eye. I nearly peed my pants on the spot because some distance off the path was the most beautiful hen of the woods I've ever seen. It looked like two hens nestled together and it was pristine. Pristine, I tell you! I got out my trusty camera and proceeded to fumble around with the controls, including white balance, ISO, and the critical equilibrium between aperture and shutter speed, during which time the battery died. I shit you not. It died at that very moment. Meanwhile, people must have noticed that I found something camera-worthy because they made a beeline straight for it. A few of them started ripping pieces off of it to get a better look at the pores. I had to stab myself in the leg with my pen to keep from shrieking STOP!! DON'T MANGLE IT, GODDAMNIT. LEAVE IT ALONE!!! (Sheesh, Tammy, possessive much?) Finally, I flung myself on top of it using my body as a human shield. At this point, someone took note of the emotional pitch and I was politely reminded that this, too, was protected land and the mushroom should not be removed. But it's a farm, I said! A farm! And that's when a team of horses was harnessed to my belt loops and dragged me away, limp and pouting. Oh, Drumlin, you big tease!

Luckily, a nice young lady snapped a photo of the mushroom before it got too mangled and she sent me the link. See how pretty? You can tell somebody else took that photo because it's sharp and well lit. It takes more than battery power to take a photo like that.

Anyway, I've been on a mission these past few weeks to find a hen of the woods I can actually bring home and cook. In fact, I found two! BUT one was well past its prime, and the other, pictured above, was way too maggoty for me to actually eat. I considered it, I really did, but even I have some standards. Oh well. At least next year I'll know to return to the coordinates of those exact locations. And this time, I'll be all decked out in camouflage with my pocketknife in my teeth and a wild look in my eyes and no one will dare stop me!!!

September 28, 2011

I am now a card-carrying member of the Boston Mycological Club. It's about time. I've been torturing my friends and family with my mushroom obsession for years, and now I can consort among my own kind. I still bring my family out on walks, though. Don't think I don't. Here are some pretty mushrooms we found on our foray, as well as a few other things.

August 22, 2011

We just got back from our last vacation of the summer at our friend's lake house on the New York-Pennsylvania line. There was some rain, some lightning, a little hail—but not for the whole week like last year. We were very grateful to see the sun for most of the trip, and the rain offered a side benefit for at least one of us:

Mushrooms by the dozens! They were EVERYWHERE. Giant, storybook mushrooms that could shelter several small creatures underneath at once. See those brown oak leaves under there? Those are normal-sized oak leaves. It's the mushroom that's super-sized. Here's another view:

Notice my friend standing back there? That's the scale we're talking about for some of these. I was in mushroom heaven.

Some had warty, spotted caps:

These look like some kind of poisonous amanita.

Some had smooth caps:

I kind of wonder if this is an edible king bolete (Boletus edulis), also known as porcini or cep. It was growing under conifers and had pores instead of gills. I love porcinis, but they make me ill, so I wasn't about to take any chances even if I was sure I identified it right (which I wasn't).

There were tiny ones, too.

I have no idea what that is, but I think the next one is the famous reishi mushroom, so well regarded in Eastern medicine.

There were tons of these deep red mushrooms jutting out of the tree trunks like lacquered shelves.

This next one, though, I'm almost positive is a Destroying Angel (Amanita virosa):

If so, it will kill you. It will kill you dead. If you stop vomiting for even one second over a five-day period, it's only because the complete and utter destruction of your liver is well underway. Seriously, guys, there are better ways to get attention. One of the identifying characteristics of this mushroom is a swollen cup-like base, also known as a volva (not to be confused with a similar-sounding word). You need to dig around down there to see it, but it's there. This mushroom often has a ring around the upper stem, though this one did not. I don't mess around with dangerous mushrooms like this one, but I think it's important to be able to recognize them. Know thy enemy.

Other mushrooms I found: a tree volvariella, which looks just like a destroying angel but grows out of a wound in a tree trunk instead of the ground. We also saw what looked like some oyster mushrooms growing just a few feet above it on the same tree. This was interesting to me because I thought only one fungus would fruit on a single tree trunk at a time. For example, I count on only shiitakes growing on my shiitake logs for several years. This is another reason why I feel it's important to know about wild mushrooms.

August 02, 2011

Right before I went on vacation, I found my first hen of the woods mushroom! The formidable fungus was thriving on the grounds of Garden in the Woods in Framingham, a boreal wonderland of native plants run by the New England Wild Flower Society. I recognized the edible shroom right away. Once you try something that delicious, you never forget it. The contours are indelibly imprinted on your brain. I couldn't take it home, of course, but it was fun to spot it in the wild nonetheless!

I was still basking in my mushroom triumph on the way to the Cape when TeenNiece, whom I've been unable to convince that fungus is anything but disgusting, made the casual observation that none of the other bicycles fastened to the various vacation-bound vehicles had milk crates strapped to the backs of them. Only mine. She complimented me on my uber-stylish "mushroom basket," which I'd never used in that capacity before, but, now that she mentioned it, is a FANTASTIC IDEA! Then, right on cue, Husband launched into his very entertaining impersonation of me identifying mushrooms, characterized by bold, arrogant pronouncements coupled with a complete and utter lack of care. He has a knack for coming up with the most unflattering voices that sound nothing like me but are somehow so funny that you simply have to accept them on the basis of their being 100% wrong.

The mushroom-related torment continued for much of the week, especially since the yard of the cottage we rent was completely overrun with fungus (mostly inedible russulas and poison puffballs by my estimation, and there goes Husband with his voices again). But the mobile mushroom basket? That was pure genius. I'll bring my pocketknife along on bike rides, collect any large mushroom specimens I find, then wheel my way back home distributing spores along the way. Why didn't I think of that??

May 12, 2011

Wow, that is one phallic-looking mushroom! But let's not get distracted. I promised you hints for finding morels and hints you shall receive, at least for the yellow morel (Morchella esculenta). Please note that these are only suggestions based on my own limited, amateur experience and, let's face it, a healthy dose of beginner's luck. Still, they're better than nothing.

Hint #1: THEY'RE OUT RIGHT NOW!!! Late April through early June.

Hint #2: You'll probably want to read some books before you go. The field guide I have is the National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms. This is the book I bring to the woods. Another book I love is The Complete Mushroom Book by Antonio Carluccio, an Italian chef and forager. It has great recipes and amazing photos. Total mushroom porn. This is the book that moves between the kitchen and the bedside table. But the book that really made the idea of foraging for my own wild mushrooms accessible to a novice was Start Mushrooming, which was recommended by a Harvard-trained mycologist friend. It teaches you how to identify six edible varieties of wild mushrooms safely. Morels are one of them.

Hint #3: As far as habitat, I found my first two morels under a blossoming apple tree. Old farms and apple orchards are prime hunting grounds. Be sure to ask permission before foraging on private property.

Later, I found a bunch in the woods under what looked like a dead oak tree.

Morels love dead elms and stressed-out ash trees, too, I hear. Watch out for poison ivy. Since morels are associated with the roots of certain trees, you'll often find more than one around the base of the trunk, sometimes as far as 10 feet out. Mine were much closer.

Morels seem to grow all over Massachusetts, but my luck turned when I headed away from the city a bit, say 30 minutes due west of Boston. If you want ideas for trails, check out the Bay Circuit Greenway maps.

Look at this morel growing through a maple leaf. Weird.

I also found a bunch of poisonous false morels on my trek, like the one below:

I didn't touch them. They are the poisonous look-alikes that the experts warn you about. I don't think this one really looks like a morel, though, do you? I mean, something would have to be seriously wrong with that morel for it to be a morel. Like if it were growing out of a toxic waste dump or something. But false morels can look a lot more like true morels, as in this photo. Can you tell the difference? Real morels have more of a conical shape and a pitted, honeycomb appearance. False morels tend to be wrinkled (as if deflated), misshapen, and brain-like in shape. Another difference: real morels are completely hollow inside while false morels are chambered and often filled with a whitish, cottony material. Cut your morels in half, top to bottom, to double check your answers.

Finally, we come to the disclaimer portion of this post. Here it is: Don't be an idiot. Don't eat anything you're not 100% sure about. Always cook morels thoroughly—never eat them raw as they contain a toxin that is deactivated with cooking. Furthermore, some people have allergic reactions to certain mushrooms that are edible to the majority. I am one such person. So, if you've never had morels before, or any other wild mushroom, it's a good idea to start with a few bites and then wait 24 hours to see how things go digestively before you gorge yourself.

May 10, 2011

Guess who found morels on Mother's Day? ME! It was ME!!! Seven of them!!! Can you believe it??

Actually, I found more, but it's proper mushroom etiquette to leave some behind. It was hard, but I did comply. Barely. Your next question, I'm going to guess, is where exactly I found these morels (especially if you arrived here by Googling "morels Massachusetts" or "morels Boston"). But I'm not telling you where I found them, so don't ask. If you do ask, I'll be happy to draw you a perplexing map—one you will be unlikely to decipher since my sense of direction is terrible and I can't draw for shit. However, if you do manage to figure it out, the trail will magically lead you to the morel bin at Russo's because why not just buy them from the store if you're going to have someone tell you exactly where to look. That's missing the whole point: the thrill of the hunt! You have to find your own spots. I've clocked nearly a dozen hours in the woods over the last week and a half to find these and I've loved every second of it. Except for the part where the mosquitos were biting me. I didn't love that part. But the rest was awesome and you'll love it, too. (Just bring bug spray.)

Here I am cutting my very first morel with the pocketknife Husband gave me for Mother's Day. I literally could not believe my eyes when I first spotted it. I froze for a second, then began frantically fumbling around for my camera as if it would disappear at any moment. Then I saw another one about a foot away. The rest I found in another location. Thank god nobody else was around to hear me giggling and talking to myself as I collected them. I mean, except for the jogger who came charging up behind me out of nowhere. (Dude, the next time you run up behind a woman like that in a completely isolated area, you might want to announce loudly and clearly that you're not a rapist or you're likely to get a pocketknife to the heart.)

When I brought the mushrooms home, the children were very excited and unanimously declared them to be "yellow morels, not black morels." (They keep stealing all of my mushroom books.) Husband insisted that I get a second opinion about the edibility of these mushrooms before I cooked them—a second opinion besides the children's. I thought I might as well set a good example for you guys for a change, right? So I grudgingly returned the stick of butter in my hand to the refrigerator and proceeded to contact Russ Cohen, local wild edibles guru. He confirmed that they were, indeed, yellow morels. Huzzah! I'll let you imagine the seven-bite feeding frenzy that followed!

In my next post, I'll share some tips for finding your own morels as well as my favorite mushroom books. And, yes, I'll get that post up this week, keep your pants on.

May 02, 2011

My, my, my, would you look at that? A whole week has gone by since my very exciting collard greens post. What the hell have I been doing with myself, you might ask? Well, I can tell you what I haven't been doing. I haven't been spending all of my time in the woods looking for morel mushrooms. Nooooooo. Of course not. I haven't been looking under every apple tree, dead elm, and rotting stump in a 20-mile radius. No detailed topographical maps of local conservation land have been printed out and plastered across my office wall. No private strategy meetings have been called with myself, or Googling of terms like "forest fire Massachusetts 2010" just because morels tend to like burny places. Don't be silly.

Another thing I haven't been doing: driving around various neighborhoods scouting out logs for my cultivated mushroom garden. I definitely have NOT been knocking on strangers' doors, harassing them about the status of their woodpiles and haggling over prices that are anything more than free. Are they SURE the logs are oak and not maple because maple really doesn't work as well for shiitakes? Also, how long ago were they cut? Because it actually matters. You don't remember? Think! THIIIIIIINK!!!

And I certainly haven't been making little mushroom sculptures out of rocks as placeholders for where actual mushrooms should be.

I mean, do you know how hard it is to get two rocks to balance on top of each other like that? With the wind and the wild turkeys tromping all over them? What a ridiculous waste of time.

November 08, 2010

I got another pound of shiitakes from my logs a few weeks ago. Half of them went into an Asian-inspired chicken noodle soup and the rest I saved in the fridge wrapped in damp paper towels. They keep for a long time that way, but not forever. Sooner or later, they dry out. In fact, drying them is a good way to preserve them.

Ever since I started growing mushrooms, I’ve been cutting off the woody stems of the shiitakes, drying them, and funneling the desiccated nubbins into a mason jar for future vegetable stocks. I did consider drying these October shiitakes for a future winter stew, but I also knew the tender caps would probably be the last fresh, local mushrooms I’d see before my prolific logs take their long winter’s rest. With that thought, I very thinly sliced the remaining shiitakes and tossed them with a bit of olive oil, chopped thyme, salt, and pepper. Then I roasted them in a 350°F degree oven for about 15 minutes, flipping once. My thinking was that I’d keep them in the fridge for filling omelets on the fly, decorating pizzas, or topping a fall-themed bruschetta. What I didn’t foresee was my inability to keep my hands off of them once they came out of the oven so nicely browned and generously salted. I kept snacking on them every time I walked by.

I did manage to set some aside for pizza and omelets, but I don’t think we should overlook the idea of mushrooms as a snack all on their own. Half crispy, half chewy, all long and tentacled, they were absolutely, drop-dead delicious.

October 07, 2010

I was invited to tag along on a mushroom walk with the Boston Mycological Club last Sunday. It also happened to be my birthday. Coincidence? I think not.

A group of about 30 fungiphiles convened at that week’s meeting spot in Lincoln, then quickly disappeared into the woods, reappearing an hour and a half later, baskets full, to discuss their finds. I stuck close to the one who seemed to be the leader. He was rather casual about taking bites out of strange mushrooms as part of his identification process, spitting them out like a wine-taster. I had to remind myself not to get any ideas.

Before I left the house, I had promised Husband I wouldn’t collect anything on my first outing for everyone’s safety. I brought no basket so I wouldn’t be tempted. Good thing, too, because there were mushrooms everywhere: honey mushrooms, colorful russulas, turkey tails. I found I have a knack for honing in on the deadliest mushrooms in the vicinity. Why am I not surprised? Eight out of 10 cool mushrooms I found were amanitas. This will come in handy if I ever need to poison myself in dramatic fashion. I also found what was declared to be a tiny rose-colored Mycena pura. Again, poisonous. So if you ever need to be laid out flat in a hurry, I’m your woman.

I met lots of nice people, but there was one person in particular with whom I felt an immediate kinship. A grandfatherly gentleman with an unmistakably Italian name. Maybe it was the patient way he fielded my dumb questions or the fact that some of his relatives were from the same area of Italy as some of my relatives or that I shared a birthday with one of his daughters, but I felt like I could listen to his mushrooming stories all day. Like the time he found a giant 30-pound sulfur shelf growing 10 feet up in a tree. He did what any self-respecting citizen would have done. He brought back a ladder so he could cut off one section at a time and escort the unwieldy chunks downward, rung by rung, like a dedicated Sherpa. I assumed he was just being a typical Italian, exaggerating all the important details, but another club member corroborated his story so either he was telling the truth or they’ve all been eating too many mushrooms if you know what I’m saying.

I left the foraging site empty-handed, I swear. On the way back to our cars, my new friend showed me his collection of recently-foraged mushrooms in his trunk. He keeps some shallow crates back there because you never know when you might need to pull over and mushroom! They were all different shapes and sizes, but the one that jumped out at me was the rather large and ruffly hen of the woods, a dusky and delicious edible also known as maitake and Grifola frondosa. You may recall that I’m trying to grow these on oak logs, but I’ll have to wait a year or two to see if they take.

Well, he must have seen the look of rapture on my face because, the next thing I know, he wrapped up the nearly-2-pound specimen in a paper bag and presented it to me. Can you imagine that? I think I was supposed to say, “Thank you, sir, for the kind gesture, but I must politely decline,” but what came out of my mouth instead was, “I’M GOING TO PUT THIS IN A LASAGNA!!!”

If I didn’t believe in such things, I might think my deceased mushroom-foraging grandfather arranged this meeting from the beyond. If so, thanks, Poppi! What a great birthday present! And knowing that this mushroom doesn't have any poisonous look-alikes meant that I could rest easy eating it. (Convincing Husband was another matter.)

After painstakingly cleaning the hen, I sautéed the pieces in butter and Marsala, then folded them into an earthy white lasagna with sweet Italian sausage, celery root, leeks, fresh local mozzarella, and lots of grated Parmesan cheese. I was working off of this Food & Wine recipe by Marchegiano chef Fabio Trabocchi. And it came out so good, even my mushroom-suspicious Husband agreed it was worth the risk of possible death.

September 27, 2010

I know I said I wasn’t going to start foraging for wild mushrooms—that I’m only going to grow them, and only varieties that I know aren’t poisonous and that won’t give me any kind of weird allergic reactions. However, I strongly feel that if I continue to grow mushrooms out in nature, even common cultivated varieties, I really ought to have a knowledge base surrounding mushrooms in general, especially the ones growing wild in my area.

In this quest to educate myself, I’ve been taking photos. I’m a visual learner and the first step in identifying mushrooms, I imagine, is to notice them on the ground instead of trampling all over them unwittingly. Once you get a little rain, it’s amazing how many of them you can find if you pay attention! Below is a small sampling of the more interesting-looking wild mushrooms I ran across on my walks. They are not necessarily all edible, though I suspect some of them might be. I did not eat or touch any of them—just photographed them. I assume all mushrooms are poisonous unless somebody knowledgeable, trustworthy, and physically present on-site tells me otherwise, and, even then, I’m skeptical. Have I ever wronged this person in any way? Could he or she be after my vast fortunes?

Still, I’m having fun trying to match up my photos to the ones in my mushroom identification book. I have a few guesses as to what some of them are, which I’ll share in the comment section. However, they are only GUESSES, Google. I will not be held accountable for other people poisoning themselves. You should never eat a mushroom if you’re in any way unsure of its identity and edibility, right? That’s only common sense.

If I have any mycologist readers, feel free to join the discussion in comments. The more people that disagree with my barely-educated guessing, the more I’ll have to fixate on the details and potentially be forced to learn something.

April 22, 2008

I usually steer a wide path around the mushroom bins at Russo’s because they always have an assortment of intriguing fungi, and I’m better off not knowing about it. Mushrooms don’t always sit well with me, to put it mildly, and yet they are one of my favorite things to eat. As expected, my desire to eat them is only heightened by the knowledge that I shouldn’t.

But something told me they would have morels that morning so I had to at least peek. And there they were. It was a small basket, just enough for me and maybe one other person. A person who would be getting all the crappy ones, I thought, as I gently picked them over and clutched the bag close to my heart.

Because I like to plan things well, it happened to be Passover weekend at Russo’s and the lines were excruciating. Plenty of time to come to my senses, but no. Instead, I ran through my intestinal emergency management plan:

There’s never a good time to wager with your intestines. But if there were, I rationalized, Patriot's Day weekend would be one of them. Husband would be home on Monday to pick up my slack. Surely, he wouldn’t find fault with my plan…as long as there was a plate of asparagus in front of him. I can always get my way if I feed him asparagus.

So, I sautéed up those wild mushrooms with asparagus and some shallots in lots of butter and salt. When I tasted the morels, all nutty and earthy and conjuring up only the finest aspects of the forest floor, I knew right then that there would be a price. A severe price to be paid for that kind of pleasure. It was enough to upset the delicate balance of one’s life.

After dinner, I resigned myself to my fate. I knew I had no one to blame but myself. I drank extra water. I may or may not have crossed myself before bed, just in case. But, do you know what? I slept right through the night. No incidents, whatsoever.

Maybe God doesn’t hate me after all.

Sautéed Asparagus and Morels

This is spring on a plate. Yes, it’s a lot of butter. Just go with it.

In a large frying pan over medium heat, melt the butter. When hot, add the shallots, asparagus, and morels, tossing frequently until the asparagus is tender, 8-10 minutes for thick spears. Season with salt and pepper.

August 03, 2007

I have a love/hate relationship with mushrooms. I love to eat them, but sometimes they make me vomit. Same with wine (why, God, why?) and, in an unexpected twist this week, sometimes summer squash. But, like I said, I LOVE mushrooms and will choose to eat them based on how convenient it might be at that moment to vomit spontaneously.

What’s that you say? It’s never convenient to vomit? Well, you would be right, sir, but have you ever tasted mushrooms? They’re delicious. This is the dilemma of my life.

On the other hand, my dad, Freddie Donroe, has a hate/hate relationship with mushrooms. Unlike all of the other things my dad claims to hate when he really just doesn’t realize he likes them, my dad really does hate mushrooms. Here’s why.

When my dad was much, much younger, his father, Albert Donroe (my Poppi), used to take him to forage for mushrooms. I assume, since Poppi’s family was from Naples, that this was in his blood, or, at the very least, he had some tutelage. Poppi had a special place they always went, some woods near a quarry in Hamden, Connecticut (maybe East Rock, maybe Sleeping Giant). There, according to my dad, Poppi would go over every rotting stump he could find and gather mushrooms of every shape and size. To hear my dad tell the story, Poppi never turned one down, food poisoning be damned.

After about 45 minutes, and what I can only imagine was my dad’s constant whining, they returned home so Poppi could cook them. And this is where things got really ugly. Sometimes, he cooked them in a sauce for spaghetti, but usually they were just sautéed. The smell was so bad, my dad remembers, he’d completely lose his appetite. I believe “hellacious” was the word he used to describe it. Nobody else in the house would touch the stuff, so Poppi just cooked them for himself. Meanwhile, my dad would make himself scarce for as long as the smell lingered. To this day, he can’t stomach them.

Now, the question I have is, was Poppi really that bad of a cook? Perhaps, not a very discriminating hunter/gatherer? Or were they, in fact, delicious, but my dad just hates mushrooms? Anyone else ever taste them? Because I’m willing to bet I would have been smacking my lips, even as they were wheeling me to the ER. (Poppi, by the way, is a whopping 93.)

The following recipe is Nonni’s Marchigiano recipe for stuffed mushrooms. They have never made me vomit.

Stuffed Mushrooms

The secret to these is long, slow cooking in a cool oven. Don’t rush them.

Preheat oven to 300°F. To the bottom of an 8”x8” pan, add 1 Tbsp. of the oil.

Using a damp towel, wipe dirt off of mushrooms. Gently, pull out the stems and chop them finely. In a medium bowl, combine chopped stems with garlic, bread crumbs, cheese, salt, and pepper. Working over the bowl, mound stuffing into hollowed out mushrooms. Set in oiled pan. Drizzle with remaining 2 Tbsp. of oil. Bake uncovered for 1 hour or longer (Nonni cooks the hell out of them and that’s how I like them).