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Physical Clinical Labs
Elissa J. Mullen, ND

Clinical Lab diagnosis flash cards were written to have a quick portable review. Please let me know of any mistakes, updates or additional information that you believe would add to other Naturopathic doctors passing the Clinical lab exam.

International normalized ratio:
• WHO standardized control of anticoagulant therapy internationally
• Ratio of patient PT to control PT x international sensitivity index (ISI)
• A standard reference range is not available for this test. Because reference values are dependent on many factors, including patient age, gender, sample population, and test method, numeric test results have different meanings in different labs.
• For most clinical conditions, an INR of 2.5 to 3.0 indicates the appropriate dosage. INR values above 5.0 can be dangerous. INR values of 1.0 indicate no Coumadin effect at all.