At our meeting last night we discussed what we'd (London biohackers) like to get out of the meeting on saturday.

If you like we'll give a little presentation on what we're up to.

We then looked at the issues we're facing and thought it would be good to have workshops on these issues to we can share info with other groups.

- Getting supplies / equipment

- Getting outside funding

- project ideas and collaboration

- legal hurdles

- how best to share information

Looking forward to it!

On Tuesday, 20 November 2012 16:56:16 UTC, Thomas Landrain wrote:

Hello dear DIYbio fellows! :)

Our kick-off meeting is approaching fast :) I'd like to remind you that registration is free but mandatory. Already more than 30 people are registered! Register at http://www.diybioeurope.eventbrite.com

Don't hesitate to come with several people from your local biohacklab as we will be mainly having discussions and workshops, and the more we are the more fun and pertinent it will be!

Also very importantly, I'd like to ask participants to start thinking and answering relevant questions concerning DIYbio Europe (See the meeting abstract or below) it will help the meeting to be much more fruitful! Don't even hesitate to share them on this mailing list so that we start warming the discussion now ;)

Concerning the persons unable to attend, if you wish to register a message presenting yourself and your ideas for implementing a DIYbio organization and projects, you can either submit it to me directly or warn me that you'd like to perfrom a skype conference on the day of the event. I need this in order to sharpen the program.

See you in 11 days now!

Cheers!

Thomas

- What are the advantages of creating a (in)formal DIYbio Europe organization? What kind of help should this organization provide to the local DIYbio labs and amateurs?

- What shape should this organization take ? (informal, association, foundation,...)

- What projects would you like to do that would better benefit from being deployed at a European scale?

- What kind of interface between the DIYbio.Eu organization and the local groups?

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Ah, but I'm explicitly planning to sell it open sourcey, so both me and my customers would be at risk..

xmort <moravec@ueb.cas.cz> wrote:

As long as you don't want to commercialize your final construct/product of that construct, I wouldn't bother much with patent protection of GFP. In most countries patent infringement in academic and non-for profit research is either tolerated or even explicitly made possible by the law. Even if you do plan to comemrcialize it eventually, the eGFP variant might expire by then so its kind of OK to use it. Most generic companies work on patented drugs years before the original patent expires, so that they can market the generic version the day patent actually expires.

Yea, copy number of the DNA isn't the limiting factor in bioluminescence: quantity of inputs is much more limiting. You can get great luminescence from natural Vibrio species, and they can be easier to grow in pure culture if you isolate Vibrio phosphoreum rather than Vibrio fischeri (if it's bright blue and can grow at 4C, odds are it's phosphoreum).

Sadly, my cultures of phosphoreum don't seem to have survived long-term freezer storage, but they're satisfying to re-isolate when lost!

Unfortunately, they smell pretty bad during growth.. :P According to some guides I've seen, you can maximise their brightness by feeding them glycerol rather than glucose/sucrose. This might be due to whether or not they produce acid from glycerol or not; acid would probably screw up bioluminescence.

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Being honest, I haven't looked very hard for sulphuric acid, so you're probably right! Although, battery supplies generally appear to be pretty rare these days; even deionised water isn't so common anymore, as most new batteries are sealed-gel rather than free liquid. Even if you wanted to replace the battery acid, you couldn't.

Will keep an eye open for it though next time I'm in an auto store. Would be handy to have a bit in the lab.

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As long as you don't want to commercialize your final construct/product of that construct, I wouldn't bother much with patent protection of GFP. In most countries patent infringement in academic and non-for profit research is either tolerated or even explicitly made possible by the law. Even if you do plan to comemrcialize it eventually, the eGFP variant might expire by then so its kind of OK to use it. Most generic companies work on patented drugs years before the original patent expires, so that they can market the generic version the day patent actually expires.

I had a problem with Kan selection a year or so ago where I was seeing lots of pappilation (cells mutating to Kan resistance). At the time I was using 50 ug/ml which was/is the recommended dose. I tested several concentrations of Kan and a dose to 100 ug/ml in the plates seemed to solve the problem. Now when transforming I use 100ug/ml in the plates and that seems to provide a strong enough selection that I don't see any spontaneous Kan resistant colonies.

Your DH10B stock seems pretty old, and you may have inadvertantly selected for cells that were resistant to low levels of Kan. I usually only keep cells on LB plates in the fridge for a couple of weeks at most-anerobic stabs last longer, a couple of months at least. For longer term storage you really need -80 or vapor phase liquid Nitrogen, or even lyophilization.

Cells that are metabolicly active change over time - it's the nature of the beast!

I made up Kanamycin plates with 50ug/ml kan, which had recently been made & filter-sterilised from kanamycin sulphate powder. The powder is, I believe, about a year old, and has been stored in the fridge according to packaging instructions. The stock solution (50ug/ml) was stored at -20C once filtered into eppies.

The cultures were DH10B, isolated from a Top10 kit, which had been left in LB in a fridge since February/March. I first broke them out into fresh broth, then subcultured for transformation to get exponential-phase cells.

Instead, I got growth on transformant-plated plates *and* on negative control plates, which were treated identically but with only added T.E. rather than DNA solution. Growth is still as single colonies after spreading, rather than a lawn, but is pretty equally abundant on both plates, indicating some background resistance to whatever concentration of Kanamycin I'm using.

Weirder still, when lit by blue light and filtered with an orange filter, nothing distinguishes the cells.. but when illuminated with a cheap handheld UVA torch, many of the colonies on *both* plates are bright fluorescent orange. The intensity of the orange appears to increase with intermittant exposure to UV.

To ascertain whether the cells are expressing some orange pigment only upon UV-induced quorum sensing (as it's very clearly a colony-specific trait), I streaked an orange colony out beside a non-orange colony (again on kanamycin TB plates), and the results indicated some genetic factor: the orange colony lead to orange colonies, and the non-orange colony lead to almost exclusively non-orange colonies, bar one.. which might just be contamination from the other side.

So, I'm baffled. On the one hand, why is my kanamycin so terribly non-selective? Any thoughts on powdered kanamycin stability?

On the other hand, what are these fluorescent orange cells? They are identical to normal E.coli colonies to the naked eye, barring this vibrant orange fluorescence.

I'm not even going to ask why my plasmid might be failing to transform/select. It would seem I have bigger problems.

If it's straight contamination (which I'm taking as the most likely answer), then it's not just the orange guys: I've also got "plain looking" cells which look similarly like E.coli, and turn up on negative and positive plates.

I'm currently running two plates from an old stock of DH10B: one without selection, one with. If I get growth on the clear plate and none on the Kan plate, I'll be happy, and will re-start the culture from a colony.

You're probably right about the outgrowth: I knew some was necessary after transformation with Kan and other bacteriocidal antibiotics, but I was only giving them about 30 mins... and my incubator is only 30C. Might want to leave them 1:30 hours next time: will be repeating transformation next week hopefully.

Thanks for the advice guys!

On Fri 30 Nov 2012 15:11:08 GMT, Matt Lawes wrote: > Maybe your DH10B stock isn't quite so. > Perhaps a contaminant with low innate KanR is in the LB stock. I would > make some plates with higher kan concentration .... 100, 150, ug/ml > and see what kills the orange guys. > > I would also reisolate the e coli from your stock on plates without > kan ..... looking for the not orange colonies - sounds like one more > round beyond what you've done will give you a pure stock. > > Kanamycin also needs time ( an hour of outgrowth without Kan) for > phenotypic expression after transformation of the plasmid. Didn't look > at your protocol to see of you have that down. > > Best, > > >matt > > /Sent from my Verizon Wireless 4G LTE DROID/ > > > -----Original message----- > > *From: *Cathal Garvey <cathalgarvey@gmail.com>* > To: *"diybio@googlegroups.com" <diybio@googlegroups.com>* > Cc: *"Xabier Vázquez Campos" <xvazquezc@gmail.com>, > "methods@net.bio.net" <methods@net.bio.net>, > "methods@magpie.bio.indiana.edu" <methods@magpie.bio.indiana.edu>* > Sent: *Fri, Nov 30, 2012 10:01:44 EST* > Subject: *Re: [DIYbio] Re: Kanamycin Stability, & Mysterious > Orange Colonies > > Sorry, the concentration of the stock was mg/ml, the final > concentration > was ug/ml. > > On 29/11/12 22:46, Xabier Vázquez Campos wrote: > > What is the final Kan concentration? Because 50 ug/mL for a stock is > > quite low. > > > > El viernes, 30 de noviembre de 2012 03:50:48 UTC+11, Cathal > escribió: > > > > Hi all, > > I have a peculiar problem. I'm trying to select for a > plasmid that: > > A) Confers Kanamycin resistance > > B) Bears a fusion protein containing wildtype GFP > > > > I made up Kanamycin plates with 50ug/ml kan, which had > recently been > > made & filter-sterilised from kanamycin sulphate powder. The > powder is, > > I believe, about a year old, and has been stored in the fridge > > according > > to packaging instructions. The stock solution (50ug/ml) was > stored at > > -20C once filtered into eppies. > > > > The cultures were DH10B, isolated from a Top10 kit, which > had been left > > in LB in a fridge since February/March. I first broke them > out into > > fresh broth, then subcultured for transformation to get > > exponential-phase cells. > > > > I expected a pretty idiot-proof transformation (with > PEG-3350 & MgSO4) > > of E.coli DH10B, followed by selection of fluorescent green, > > kanamycin-resistance cells. The transformation procedure is > as per: > > https://github.com/cathalgarvey/biohacking-protocols > > <https://github.com/cathalgarvey/biohacking-protocols> > > > > Instead, I got growth on transformant-plated plates *and* on > negative > > control plates, which were treated identically but with only > added T.E. > > rather than DNA solution. Growth is still as single colonies > after > > spreading, rather than a lawn, but is pretty equally > abundant on both > > plates, indicating some background resistance to whatever > concentration > > of Kanamycin I'm using. > > > > Weirder still, when lit by blue light and filtered with an > orange > > filter, nothing distinguishes the cells.. but when > illuminated with a > > cheap handheld UVA torch, many of the colonies on *both* > plates are > > bright fluorescent orange. The intensity of the orange > appears to > > increase with intermittant exposure to UV. > > > > To ascertain whether the cells are expressing some orange > pigment only > > upon UV-induced quorum sensing (as it's very clearly a > colony-specific > > trait), I streaked an orange colony out beside a non-orange > colony > > (again on kanamycin TB plates), and the results indicated > some genetic > > factor: the orange colony lead to orange colonies, and the > non-orange > > colony lead to almost exclusively non-orange colonies, bar > one.. which > > might just be contamination from the other side. > > > > So, I'm baffled. On the one hand, why is my kanamycin so > terribly > > non-selective? Any thoughts on powdered kanamycin stability? > > > > On the other hand, what are these fluorescent orange cells? > They are > > identical to normal E.coli colonies to the naked eye, > barring this > > vibrant orange fluorescence. > > > > I'm not even going to ask why my plasmid might be failing to > > transform/select. It would seem I have bigger problems. > > > > Thanks, > > Cathal > > > > -- > > www.indiebiotech.com <http://www.indiebiotech.com> > <http://www.indiebiotech.com> > > twitter.com/onetruecathal <http://twitter.com/onetruecathal> > > > > -- > > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the > Google > > Groups DIYbio group. To post to this group, send email to > > diybio@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send > email to > > diybio+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. For more options, visit > this group > > at https://groups.google.com/d/forum/diybio?hl=en > > Learn more at www.diybio.org <http://www.diybio.org> > > --- > > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google > > Groups "DIYbio" group. > > To post to this group, send email to diybio@googlegroups.com. > > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > > diybio+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. > > Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/diybio?hl=en. > > To view this discussion on the web visit > > https://groups.google.com/d/msg/diybio/-/Nin12D8fqTMJ. > > For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out. > > > > > > -- > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the > Google Groups DIYbio group. To post to this group, send email to > diybio@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send > email to diybio+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. For more options, > visit this group at https://groups.google.com/d/forum/diybio?hl=en > Learn more at www.diybio.org <http://www.diybio.org> > --- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google > Groups "DIYbio" group. > To post to this group, send email to diybio@googlegroups.com. > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > diybio+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. > Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/diybio?hl=en. > For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out. > > > -- > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google > Groups DIYbio group. To post to this group, send email to > diybio@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > diybio+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. For more options, visit this > group at https://groups.google.com/d/forum/diybio?hl=en > Learn more at www.diybio.org > --- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google > Groups "DIYbio" group. > To post to this group, send email to diybio@googlegroups.com. > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > diybio+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. > Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/diybio?hl=en. > For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out. > >

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If it's straight contamination (which I'm taking as the most likely
answer), then it's not just the orange guys: I've also got "plain
looking" cells which look similarly like E.coli, and turn up on
negative and positive plates.

I'm currently running two plates from an old stock of DH10B: one
without selection, one with. If I get growth on the clear plate and
none on the Kan plate, I'll be happy, and will re-start the culture
from a colony.

You're probably right about the outgrowth: I knew some was necessary
after transformation with Kan and other bacteriocidal antibiotics, but
I was only giving them about 30 mins... and my incubator is only 30C.
Might want to leave them 1:30 hours next time: will be repeating
transformation next week hopefully.

Thanks for the advice guys!

On Fri 30 Nov 2012 15:11:08 GMT, Matt Lawes wrote:
> Maybe your DH10B stock isn't quite so.
> Perhaps a contaminant with low innate KanR is in the LB stock. I would
> make some plates with higher kan concentration .... 100, 150, ug/ml
> and see what kills the orange guys.
>
> I would also reisolate the e coli from your stock on plates without
> kan ..... looking for the not orange colonies - sounds like one more
> round beyond what you've done will give you a pure stock.
>
> Kanamycin also needs time ( an hour of outgrowth without Kan) for
> phenotypic expression after transformation of the plasmid. Didn't look
> at your protocol to see of you have that down.
>
> Best,
>
> >matt
>
> /Sent from my Verizon Wireless 4G LTE DROID/
>
>
> -----Original message-----
>
> *From: *Cathal Garvey <cathalgarvey@gmail.com>*
> To: *"diybio@googlegroups.com" <diybio@googlegroups.com>*
> Cc: *"Xabier Vázquez Campos" <xvazquezc@gmail.com>,
> "methods@net.bio.net" <methods@net.bio.net>,
> "methods@magpie.bio.indiana.edu" <methods@magpie.bio.indiana.edu>*
> Sent: *Fri, Nov 30, 2012 10:01:44 EST*
> Subject: *Re: [DIYbio] Re: Kanamycin Stability, & Mysterious
> Orange Colonies
>
> Sorry, the concentration of the stock was mg/ml, the final
> concentration
> was ug/ml.
>
> On 29/11/12 22:46, Xabier Vázquez Campos wrote:
> > What is the final Kan concentration? Because 50 ug/mL for a stock is
> > quite low.
> >
> > El viernes, 30 de noviembre de 2012 03:50:48 UTC+11, Cathal
> escribió:
> >
> > Hi all,
> > I have a peculiar problem. I'm trying to select for a
> plasmid that:
> > A) Confers Kanamycin resistance
> > B) Bears a fusion protein containing wildtype GFP
> >
> > I made up Kanamycin plates with 50ug/ml kan, which had
> recently been
> > made & filter-sterilised from kanamycin sulphate powder. The
> powder is,
> > I believe, about a year old, and has been stored in the fridge
> > according
> > to packaging instructions. The stock solution (50ug/ml) was
> stored at
> > -20C once filtered into eppies.
> >
> > The cultures were DH10B, isolated from a Top10 kit, which
> had been left
> > in LB in a fridge since February/March. I first broke them
> out into
> > fresh broth, then subcultured for transformation to get
> > exponential-phase cells.
> >
> > I expected a pretty idiot-proof transformation (with
> PEG-3350 & MgSO4)
> > of E.coli DH10B, followed by selection of fluorescent green,
> > kanamycin-resistance cells. The transformation procedure is
> as per:
> > https://github.com/cathalgarvey/biohacking-protocols> > <https://github.com/cathalgarvey/biohacking-protocols>
> >
> > Instead, I got growth on transformant-plated plates *and* on
> negative
> > control plates, which were treated identically but with only
> added T.E.
> > rather than DNA solution. Growth is still as single colonies
> after
> > spreading, rather than a lawn, but is pretty equally
> abundant on both
> > plates, indicating some background resistance to whatever
> concentration
> > of Kanamycin I'm using.
> >
> > Weirder still, when lit by blue light and filtered with an
> orange
> > filter, nothing distinguishes the cells.. but when
> illuminated with a
> > cheap handheld UVA torch, many of the colonies on *both*
> plates are
> > bright fluorescent orange. The intensity of the orange
> appears to
> > increase with intermittant exposure to UV.
> >
> > To ascertain whether the cells are expressing some orange
> pigment only
> > upon UV-induced quorum sensing (as it's very clearly a
> colony-specific
> > trait), I streaked an orange colony out beside a non-orange
> colony
> > (again on kanamycin TB plates), and the results indicated
> some genetic
> > factor: the orange colony lead to orange colonies, and the
> non-orange
> > colony lead to almost exclusively non-orange colonies, bar
> one.. which
> > might just be contamination from the other side.
> >
> > So, I'm baffled. On the one hand, why is my kanamycin so
> terribly
> > non-selective? Any thoughts on powdered kanamycin stability?
> >
> > On the other hand, what are these fluorescent orange cells?
> They are
> > identical to normal E.coli colonies to the naked eye,
> barring this
> > vibrant orange fluorescence.
> >
> > I'm not even going to ask why my plasmid might be failing to
> > transform/select. It would seem I have bigger problems.
> >
> > Thanks,
> > Cathal
> >
> > --
> > www.indiebiotech.com <http://www.indiebiotech.com>
> <http://www.indiebiotech.com>
> > twitter.com/onetruecathal <http://twitter.com/onetruecathal>
> >
> > --
> > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the
> Google
> > Groups DIYbio group. To post to this group, send email to
> > diybio@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send
> email to
> > diybio+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. For more options, visit
> this group
> > at https://groups.google.com/d/forum/diybio?hl=en> > Learn more at www.diybio.org <http://www.diybio.org>
> > ---
> > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google
> > Groups "DIYbio" group.
> > To post to this group, send email to diybio@googlegroups.com.
> > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
> > diybio+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.
> > Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/diybio?hl=en.
> > To view this discussion on the web visit
> > https://groups.google.com/d/msg/diybio/-/Nin12D8fqTMJ.
> > For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out.
> >
> >
>
> --
> -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the
> Google Groups DIYbio group. To post to this group, send email to
> diybio@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send
> email to diybio+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. For more options,
> visit this group at https://groups.google.com/d/forum/diybio?hl=en> Learn more at www.diybio.org <http://www.diybio.org>
> ---
> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google
> Groups "DIYbio" group.
> To post to this group, send email to diybio@googlegroups.com.
> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
> diybio+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.
> Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/diybio?hl=en.
> For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out.
>
>
> --
> -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google
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> diybio@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
> diybio+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. For more options, visit this
> group at https://groups.google.com/d/forum/diybio?hl=en> Learn more at www.diybio.org> ---
> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google
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>
>

Question # 2 of 10 ( Start time: 10:31:13 PM ) Total Marks: 1The goal of ___________ is to look at as few blocks as possible to find the matching records(s).Select correct option:IndexingPartitioningJoiningNone of these

Question # 3 of 10 ( Start time: 10:32:34 PM ) Total Marks: 1An optimized structure which is built primarily for retrieval, with update being only a secondary consideration isSelect correct option:OLTPOLAPDSSInverted Index

Question # 4 of 10 ( Start time: 10:33:23 PM ) Total Marks: 1If every key in the data file is represented in the index file then index isSelect correct option:Dense IndexSparse IndexInverted IndexNone of these

Question # 5 of 10 ( Start time: 10:34:47 PM ) Total Marks: 1There are many variants of the traditional nested-loop join. If the index is built as part of the query plan and subsequently dropped, it is calledSelect correct option:Naive nested-loop joinIndex nested-loop joinTemporary index nested-loop joinNone of these

Question # 8 of 10 ( Start time: 10:38:29 PM ) Total Marks: 1Data mining derives its name from the similarities between searching for valuable business information in a large database, for example, finding linked products in gigabytes of store scanner data, and mining a mountain for a _________ of valuable ore.Select correct option:FurrowStreakTroughVein

The goal of ideal parallel execution is to completely parallelize those parts of a computation that are not constrained by data dependencies. The ______ the portion of the program that must be executed sequentially, the greater the scalability of the computation

Larger

Smaller

Unambiguous

Superior

_______________, if fits into memory, costs only one disk I/O access to locate a record by given key.

An Inverted Index

A Sparse Index

A Dense Index

None of these

If someone told you that he had a good model to predict customer usage, the first thing you might try would be to ask him to apply his model to your customer _______, where you already knew the answer.

If every key in the data file is represented in the index file then index is

Dense Index

Sparse Index

Inverted Index

None of these

A dense index, if fits into memory, costs only ______ disk I/O access to locate a record by given key.

One

Two

Linear

Quadratic

With data mining, the best way to accomplish this is by setting aside some of your data in a vault to isolate it from the mining process; once the mining is complete, the results can be tested against the isolated data to confirm the model's _______.

The goal of ___________ is to look at as few blocks as possible to find the matching records(s).

Indexing

Partitioning

Joining

None of these

_______________, if too big and does not fit into memory, will be expensive when used to find a record by given key.

An Inverted Index

A Sparse Index

A Dense Index

None of these

There are many variants of the traditional nested-loop join. If the index is built as part of the query plan and subsequently dropped, it is called

Naive nested-loop join

Index nested-loop join

Temporary index nested-loop join

None of these

_______________, if fits into memory, costs only one disk I/O access to locate a record by given key.

An Inverted Index

A Sparse Index

A Dense Index

None of these

If 'M' rows from table-A match the conditions in the query then table-B is accessed 'M' times. Suppose table-B has an index on the join column. If 'a' I/Os are required to read the data block for each scan plus 'b' I/Os for each data block then the total cost of accessing table-B is _____________ logical I/Os approximately.

(a + b)M

(a - b)M

(a + b + M)

(a * b * M)

With data mining, the best way to accomplish this is by setting aside some of your data in a ________ to isolate it from the mining process; once the mining is complete, the results can be tested against the isolated data to confirm the model's validity.

Cell

Disk

Folder

Vault

The goal of ideal parallel execution is to completely parallelize those parts of a computation that are not constrained by data dependencies. The smaller the portion of the program that must be executed __________, the greater the scalability of the computation.

In Parallel

Distributed

Sequentially

None of these

Data mining is a/an __________ approach, where browsing through data using data mining techniques may reveal something that might be of interest to the user as information that was unknown previously.

To identify the __________________ required we need to perform data profilingDegree of Transformation Complexity Cost Time

Execution can be completed successfully or it may be stopped due to some error. If some error occurs, execution will be terminated abnormally and all transactions will be ___________Committed to the database Rolled back

Companies collect and record their own operational data, but at the same time they also use reference data obtained from _______ sources such as codes, prices etc. Operational None of these InternalExternal

Ad-hoc access means to run such queries which are known already. TrueFalse

____________ in agriculture extension is that pest population beyond which the benefit of spraying outweighs its cost. Profit Threshold LevelEconomic Threshold Level Medicine Threshold Level None of these

People that design and build the data warehouse must be capable of working across the organization at all levelsTrue False

The _________ is only a small part in realizing the true business value buried within the mountain of data collected and stored within organizations business systems and operational databases. Independence on technologyDependence on technology None of these

A dense index, if fits into memory, costs only ______ disk I/O access to locate a record by given key.One Two lg (n) n

All data is ______________ of something real. I An Abstraction II A Representation Which of the following option is true?I Only II Only Both I & II None of I & II

The key idea behind ___________ is to take a big task and break it into subtasks that can be processed concurrently on a stream of data inputs in multiple, overlapping stages of execution.Pipeline Parallelism Overlapped Parallelism Massive Parallelism Distributed Parallelism

Non uniform distribution, when the data is distributed across the processors, is called ______.Skew in Partition Pipeline Distribution Distributed Distribution Uncontrolled Distribution

The goal of ideal parallel execution is to completely parallelize those parts of a computation that are not constrained by data dependencies. The smaller the portion of the program that must be executed __________, the greater the scalability of the computation. None of theseSequentially In Parallel Distributed

Data mining is a/an __________ approach, where browsing through data using data mining techniques may reveal something that might be of interest to the user as information that was unknown previously.ExploratoryNon-Exploratory Computer Science

________ is the technique in which existing heterogeneous segments are reshuffled, relocated into homogeneous segments.Clustering Aggregation Segmentation Partitioning

To measure or quantify the similarity or dissimilarity, different techniques are available. Which of the following option represent the name of available techniques? Pearson correlation is the only technique Euclidean distance is the only techniqueBoth Pearson correlation and Euclidean distance None of these

For a DWH project, the key requirement are ________ and product experience. ToolsIndustry Software None of these

Pipeline parallelism focuses on increasing throughput of task execution, NOT on __________ sub-task execution time. IncreasingDecreasing Maintaining None of these

Focusing on data warehouse delivery only often end up _________.Rebuilding Success Good Stable Product None of these

Pakistan is one of the five major ________ countries in the world.Cotton-growing Rice-growing Weapon Producing

_____________ is a process which involves gathering of information about column through execution of certain queries with intention to identify erroneous records.Data profiling Data Anomaly Detection Record Duplicate Detection None of these

Relational databases allow you to navigate the data in ____________ that is appropriate using the primary, foreign key structure within the data model. Only One DirectionAny Direction Two Direction None of these

DSS queries do not involve a primary keyTrue False

__________________ contributes to an under-utilization of valuable and expensive historical data, and inevitably results in a limited capability to provide decision support and analysis.The lack of data integration and standardization Missing Data Data Stored in Heterogeneous Sources

DTS allows us to connect through any data source or destination that is supported by ____________OLE DB OLAP OLTP Data Warehouse

Data Transformation Services (DTS) provide a set of _____ that lets you extract, transform, and consolidate data from disparate sources into single or multipledestinations supported by DTS connectivity.Tools Documentations Guidelines

If some error occurs, execution will be terminated abnormally and all transactions will be rolled back. In this case when we will access the database we will find it in the state that was before the ____________.Execution of package Creation of package Connection of package

To judge effectiveness we perform data profiling twice. One before Extraction and the other after ExtractionOne before Transformation and the other after Transformation One before Loading and the other after Loading

The need to synchronize data upon update is called Data Manipulation Data ReplicationData Coherency Data Imitation

Node of a B-Tree is stored in memory block and traversing a B-Tree involves ______ page faults. O (n) O (n2) O (n lg n)O (lg n) Which statement is true for De-Normalization? Redundant data is a performance liability at query time, but is a performance benefit at update time. Redundant data is a performance benefit at both query time and update time. Redundant data is a performance liability at both query time and update time.Redundant data is a performance benefit at query time, but is a performance liability at update time.

It is observed that every year the amount of data recorded in an organization is

Doubles

Triples

Quartiles

Remains same as previous year

Pre-computed _______ can solve performance problems

Aggregates

Facts

Dimensions

The degree of similarity between two records, often measured by a numerical value between _______, usually depends on application characteristics.

0 and 1

0 and 10

0 and 100

0 and 99

The purpose of the House of Quality technique is to reduce ______ types of risk.

Two

Three

Four

All

NUMA stands for __________

Non-uniform Memory Access

Non-updateable Memory Architecture

New Universal Memory Architecture

There are many variants of the traditional nested-loop join. If the index is built as part of the query plan and subsequently dropped, it is called

Naive nested-loop join

Index nested-loop join

Temporary index nested-loop join

None of these

The Kimball s iterative data warehouse development approach drew on decades of experience to develop the _____________.

Business Dimensional Lifecycle

Data Warehouse Dimension

Business Definition Lifecycle

OLAP Dimension

For a smooth DWH implementation we must be a technologist.

True

False

During the application specification activity, we also must give consideration to the organization of the applications.

True

False

The most recent attack is the ________ attack on the cotton crop during 2003- 04, resulting in a loss of nearly 0.5 million bales.

Boll Worm

Purple Worm

Blue Worm

Cotton Worm

The users of data warehouse are knowledge workers in other words they are_________ in the organization.

Decision maker

Manager

Database Administrator

DWH Analyst

_________ breaks a table into multiple tables based upon common column values.

Horizontal splitting

Vertical splitting

As apposed to the out come of classification , estimation deal with ____________ valued

outcome.

Discrete

Isolated

Continuous

Distinct

The goal of ______is to look at as few block as possible to find the matching records. Indexing

Partitioning

Joining

none of these

nested loop join

none of these

The technique that is used to perform these feats in data mining modeling, and this act of model building is something that people have been doing for long time, certainly before the _______ of computers or data mining technology.

In horizontal splitting, we split a relation into multiple tables on the basis of Common Column Values Common Row Values Different Index Values Value resulted by ad-hoc query

For a given data set, to get a global view in un-supervised learning we useOne-way Clustering Bi-clustering Pearson correlation Euclidean distance

In DWH project, it is assured that ___________ environment is similar to the production environment. DesigningDevelopment Analysis Implementation

For good decision making, data should be integrated across the organization to cross the LoB (Line of Business). This is to give the total view of organization from: Owner's PerspectiveCustomer's Perspective Decision Maker's Perspective Employee's Perspective

Which is the least appropriate join operation for Pipeline parallelism?

Hash Join

Inner Join

Outer Join

Sort-Merge Join

Data mining derives its name from the similarities between searching for valuable business information in a large database, for example, finding linked products in gigabytes of store scanner data, and mining a mountain for a _________ of valuable ore.

Furrow

Streak

Trough

Vein

With data mining, the best way to accomplish this is by setting aside some of your data in a ________ to isolate it from the mining process; once the mining is complete, the results can be tested against the isolated data to confirm the model's validity.

Cell

Disk

Folder

Vault

We must try to find the one access tool that will handle all the needs of their users.

True

False

Investing years in architecture and forgetting the primary purpose of solving business problems, results in inefficient application. This is the example of _________ mistake.

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