A Compact Pollution-Free
External Combustion Engine
with High Part-Load Efficiency

Steam engines in automobiles were eclipsed in the mid-1920’s
by the simpler, more compact, and easier-starting internal combustion
(IC) engines [1]. This occurred even
though IC engines required refined fuel, while steam engines did not,
and more complex transmissions for good performance.

Over the years, attempts have been made to revive steam
engines by hobbyists, corporations, and governments [2,3,4].
The efforts had some success in improving performance. However, the large
improvement that would be required to retire the IC engine has not happened.