-Branch that shares a common recent origin-Small group that shares characteristics-Related through thousands of years of ancestors (sometimes unknown).-Non standard form, more popular though.-Mixing of indigenous and settlers language

Indo-European

Divided into 8 branches: Indo-Iranian, Romance, Germanic, Balto-Slavic, Albanian, Armenia, Greek, Celtic. Germanic- English belongs to this branch, this is divided into 2 branches (has to do with elevation) High- Southern Mountains, basis for standard languageLow- Spoken in the Netherlands, (English)

Indo-Iranian

The Indo-European Family includes 100 individual languages, divided into eastern (Indic) and western (Iranian)Eastern- Used in India (1/3 use Hindi)Western- Persian and Farsi, written with the Arabic alphabet.

Balto-Slavic

Started as one language, but developed into many in the 7th century (east, west, south)East- Most widely used (80% of the people)West- Popular as Polish, followed by Czech and Slovak.

Romance

Evolved from Latin, spoken by the Romans 2000 years ago. The main languages are; Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and French.The languages are spoken within the countries borders. Spanish and Portuguese are worldwide, 90% live outside of Europe, mainly in South America.

Origin and diffusion

When looking at a newly discovered language, you have to determine if it is a new language or a dialect. Germanic, Romance, and Indo-Iranian are all part of the Indo-European (descend from a single ancestor). But depending on where these people lived the languages were altered by, the land and animals around them. One hypothesis where English came from is the Manrija Gimbuta theory- Believed that the first people that spoke English were the Kurgans, and they spread their language through war. (the picture shows the idea that trade diffused the language)

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