Subject

The subject was a Caucasian male in his mid-twenties. Figure
1 and table 1 represent the subjects body weight and body composition
throughout his training career. The subject had weight trained
steadily for over a decade previous to the state competition
except for 2 major breaks. From the beginning of his initiation
of weight training, a month break was taken on month 34 and a
nine month break was around months 96 through 105. The subject
had no written record of the exact time of the second break,
so was asked to guess.

FIGURE 1

TABLE 1

The subject had competed in five competitions; on months 34,
46, 65, 93, and 94. In the competition on month 65, the subject
placed in a "teenage" regional competition losing to
a synthetic competitor. In competitions on months 93 and 94,
the subject placed second and third place respectively in "open"
state competition. The subject began his first anabolic steroid
cycle on the seventh year (month 84). The study represented the
subject's fifth cycle of anabolic steroids in his career. The
previous anabolic steroid cycles began on months 81, 87, 110,
and 113. Again, the subject had to estimate the time of the second,
third, and fourth cycle after looking at the his body composition
data. The subject had not previously used drugs in approximately
one year from the beginning of the study.

Training Records

The subject recorded his nutritional intake, pharmaceutical
use, weight training program, body weight, and skin fold measurements
while preparing for a state and national bodybuilding event.
The subject's body composition and related history had also been
documented throughout his career. The subject had previously
obtained and recorded information pertaining to his preparation
for his own training records before this study was proposed.
He agreed to supply us with all relevant records, including body
composition estimations, dietary analysis, training logs, and
various notes. In addition, we interviewed the subject on numerous
occasions, so we could understand all facets of his contest preparations
and relevant experiences. We agreed to keep the subject anonymous
by the advice of the subject's legal counsel.

Body Composition

Skinfold sites had been measured at the triceps, pectoral,
subscapular, midaxillary, abdominal, suprailiac, and thigh skin
folds (Lohman, 1988). The same tester has taken all skinfold
measurements since month 80 and throughout the precontest periods
using Lange skinfold calipers (Cambridge Scientific Industries,
Cambridge, MD). The tester repeated the site sequence two or
three times depending if a mode was found within the same site.
The median skinfold was used if a mode was not seen. The skinfold
measurements were taken approximately every two weeks for four
periods and then approximately once every week thereafter for
an additional eight periods. Body density was estimated by the
seven site skin fold measurements as described by Jackson and
Pollock (Jackson, 1978). Body composition was extrapolated from
the Siri formula. Unless otherwise noted, total body weight was
taken from the same scale which had been calibrated regularly.
Percent fat, pounds of fat, and pounds of lean body weight, had
been calculated and recorded. No skin-fold measurements were
taken the first day of caloric and drug manipulation. It was
assumed that the body composition on day 1 was the same as estimated
nine days previously, since the subject had indicated that no
noticeable gains were experienced, and that no pharmaceuticals
or dietary manipulations were introduced during this time.

Dietary Intake

The subject recorded all food in his possession at the beginning
or one day preceding the period. All additional food purchased
during the period was also recorded. At the end or one day preceding
each period, an inventory of the remaining food in the subject's
possession was recorded. The difference of the food at the beginning
and end of each period was figured to yield the total food consumed
during the period. The subject did not use food supplements during
the study.

Nutritionist III, (N-Squared Computing, Salem, OR) analytical
software was used on an IBM compatible microcomputer network
to record and calculate daily nutrients, including: total kcalories,
protein, carbohydrates, fats, alcohol, and the percentage of
kcalories from each food component.

Exercise

The subject exercised each major muscle group every 2-5 days
resting every 4th or 5th day. The subject recorded his weight
training exercises in a column with a corresponding number indicating
the workout weight for that particular exercise. Fifty to 66%
of this weight was used to perform a warm up for 12 to 15 repetitions
prior to the workout sets. After a 1-3 minutes rest between each
set, 2 to 5 workout sets were performed with the last workout
weight recorded for each exercise. Workout sets usually comprised
of 8-12 repetitions except when indicated by numbers in parenthesis
by the corresponding exercise [i.e (6-8)].

TABLE 2

These numbers indicated the repetition range used for this
particular exercise. When the greater number of the repetition
range was finally achieved, the workout weight was increased
5%-10%, recorded, and used the following set. Multiple sets were
usually continued until the subject could not manage to achieve
the lower repetition range of that particular exercise. The intensity
of all sets were such that the subject felt he could not manage
another repetition in proper form. The exception to this was
when a few forced repetitions were performed with the assistance
of a spotter on the last days before changing the weight training
routine. A weight training routine was changed every 1-2 months.

The Subject usually walked at least two hours if not up to
five hours daily. Slight modifications were made on exercise
duration dependent upon body composition calculations and over-training
cues.

An attempt was made to administer one or more drugs in a systematic
approach throughout the duration of the periods. The drug period
generally began and ended 1 to 2 days preceding the corresponding
body composition testing periods to account for the lag time
thought to have occurred before the drug had its physiological
effect. Manipulation in drug type, dosage, and administration
pattern was based upon availability of compounds, experimental
curiosity, biofeedback, and body composition results.

For guidance, the subject used the books Underground Steroid
Handbook II by Daniel Duchaine (HLR Technical Books, Venice
CA) and Anabolic Steroids: What Kind and How Many by Frederick
C. Hatfield, Ph.D (Fitness Systems) when planning his cycles.