2
Acid-Base Strength quantitative reactions are not limited to SA- SB –they can occur between SA-WB and WA-SB, but not between WA-WB equivalence pt. pH for a SA-SB is 7 equivalence pt. pH for a quantitative SA-WB is <7 equivalence pt. pH for a quantitative WA-SB is >7 WA-WB reactions do not have a detectable equivalence pt. since they are usually not quantitative

7
Very little pH change during the initial 20cm 3 Very sharp change in pH over the addition of less than half a drop of NaOH pH 1 at the start due to 0.1M HCl (strong monoprotic acid) strong acid (HCl) v. strong base (NaOH)

8
Very little pH change during the initial 20cm 3 Very sharp change in pH over the addition of less than half a drop of NaOH Curve levels off at pH 13 due to excess 0.1M NaOH (a strong alkali) pH 1 at the start due to 0.1M HCl (strong monoprotic acid) strong acid (HCl) v. strong base (NaOH)

9
Any of the indicators listed will be suitable - they all change in the ‘vertical’ portion PHENOLPHTHALEIN LITMUS METHYL ORANGE

10
Very little pH change during the initial 20cm 3 Sharp change in pH over the addition of less than half a drop of NH 3 Curve levels off at pH 10 due to excess 0.1M NH 3 (a weak alkali) pH 1 at the start due to 0.1M HCl strong acid (HCl) v. weak base (NH 3 )

11
PHENOLPHTHALEIN LITMUS METHYL ORANGE strong acid (HCl) v. weak base (NH 3 ) Only methyl orange is suitable - it is the only one to change in the ‘vertical’ portion

15
PHENOLPHTHALEIN LITMUS METHYL ORANGE NOTHING SUITABLE There is no suitable indicator- none change in the ‘vertical’ portion. The end point can be detected by plotting a curve using a pH meter. weak acid (CH 3 COOH) v. weak base (NH 3 )

16
Buffer Capacity amount of H + or OH - the solution can absorb without a significant change in pHamount of H + or OH - the solution can absorb without a significant change in pH determined by the size of [HA] and [A - ]determined by the size of [HA] and [A - ] if the amounts are equal and have large concentrations, it will have the largest buffer capacityif the amounts are equal and have large concentrations, it will have the largest buffer capacity