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STEPHEN KALONG NINGKAN v TUN ABANG HAJI OPENG AND TAWI SLI
On the 16th June 1966, the Governor of Sarawak had received a letter signed
by 21 members of the Council Negeri stating that they no longer had any
confidence in the plaintiff, their Chief Ministe

JUDICIARY
Part A
The main principles of constitutional interpretation in Malaysia
There are two main principles of constitutional interpretation in Malaysia:
Literal Approach:
The Constitution should be interpreted in accordance with the original
intenti

LEGISLATIVE
Part A
1. Effects of the Constitutional (Amendment) Act 1993 on the FC.
Up to 1993, the sovereignty and prerogatives of the State Rulers were guaranteed by
Article 181 that also conferred on the YDPA and the Sultans an absolute immunity
from p

FEDERAL SYSTEM
1. The areas in which the Constitution permits affirmative action in favour of the
Malays and the natives of Sabah and Sarawak.
Article 153 privileges
A scheme of preferential treatment for Malays and the natives of Sabah and
Sarawak in a

SPECIAL POWERS
Article 149
Purpose:
Article 149 empowers Parliament to enact laws to combat subversion.
What amounts to subversion is broadly defined under Article 149(1).
Theresa Lim Chin Chin v IGP: The court held that there is nothing in the law to
s

Executive Branch
Conference of Rulers
Functions:
1. Election of the YDPA (executive function)
- Article 38(2)(a), in accordance with the 3rd Schedule:
- The COR has the function of electing the YDPA and the Deputy
YDPA.
- The significance: The YDPA become

Basic structure
The doctrine of basic structure can be said to provide insurance and to safeguard the basic
values of the Constitution against the power of transient political majorities.
Arguments against the doctrine are that it invents implicit limits