The presences of antithyroid autoantibodies (ATA), such as thyroid peroxidase-specific antibody and/or thyroglobulin-specific antibody, are considered as the markers of thyroid autoimmunity, which have been found highly associated with pregnancy loss in euthyroid women. Miscarriage is a multifactorial problem that is not rare in women of reproductive age. Increased prevalence of ATA has been reported in women with a history of abortion. High risk of miscarriage has also been found in those with thyroid autoimmunity. In the present study, we used a myriad of correlative and latest papers till March 2016, including randomized clinical trials, case-control and cross sectional studies, to provide a comprehensive review of the literature to investigate the potential role of thyroid autoimmunity in pathogenesis of miscarriage.