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Python

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What is Python

Python is a general-purpose language. It has wide range of applications from Web development, scientific and mathematical computing to desktop graphical user Interfaces.

The syntax of the language is clean and length of the code is relatively short. It's fun to work in Python because it allows you to think about the problem rather than focusing on the syntax.

Features of Python Programming

A simple language which is easier to learn

Python has a very simple and elegant syntax. It's much easier to read and write Python programs compared to other languages like: C++, Java, C#. Python makes programming fun and allows you to focus on the solution rather than syntax.

If you are a newbie, it's a great choice to start your journey with Python.

Free and open-source

You can freely use and distribute Python, even for commercial use. Not only can you use and distribute softwares written in it, you can even make changes to the Python's source code.
Python has a large community constantly improving it in each iteration.

Portability

You can move Python programs from one platform to another, and run it without any changes.
It runs seamlessly on almost all platforms including Windows, Mac OS X and Linux.

Extensible and Embeddable

Suppose an application requires high performance. You can easily combine pieces of C/C++ or other languages with Python code.

This will give your application high performance as well as scripting capabilities which other languages may not provide out of the box.

A high-level, interpreted language

Unlike C/C++, you don't have to worry about daunting tasks like memory management, garbage collection and so on.

Likewise, when you run Python code, it automatically converts your code to the language your computer understands. You don't need to worry about any lower-level operations.

Large standard libraries to solve common tasks

Python has a number of standard libraries which makes life of a programmer much easier since you don't have to write all the code yourself. For example: Need to connect MySQL database on a Web server? You can use MySQLdb library using import MySQLdb .

Standard libraries in Python are well tested and used by hundreds of people. So you can be sure that it won't break your application.

With OOP, you are able to divide these complex problems into smaller sets by creating objects.

Applications of Python

Web Applications

You can create scalable Web Apps using frameworks and CMS (Content Management System) that are built on Python. Some of the popular platforms for creating Web Apps are: Django, Flask, Pyramid, Plone, Django CMS.

Sites like Mozilla, Reddit, Instagram and PBS are written in Python.

Scientific and Numeric Computing

There are numerous libraries available in Python for scientific and numeric computing. There are libraries like: SciPy and NumPy that are used in general purpose computing. And, there are specific libraries like: EarthPy for earth science, AstroPy for Astronomy and so on.

Also, the language is heavily used in machine learning, data mining and deep learning.

Creating software Prototypes

Python is slow compared to compiled languages like C++ and Java. It might not be a good choice if resources are limited and efficiency is a must.

However, Python is a great language for creating prototypes. For example: You can use Pygame (library for creating games) to create your game's prototype first. If you like the prototype, you can use language like C++ to create the actual game.