Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt -- Child

Definition

A ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation is surgery to insert a drainage tube (catheter) into the brain. The tube runs into the abdominal cavity. This tube is used to move extra fluid in the brain to the abdomen where it can be absorbed. The entire tube is under the skin and not visible.

Reasons for Procedure

This type of shunt is used to treat
hydrocephalus
, an condition that results in excess fluid in the brain. Excess fluid can cause increased pressure. This pressure can damage sensitive brain tissues. The shunt drains the excess fluid and reduces pressure on the brain.

Possible Complications

Problems from the procedure are rare, but all procedures have some risk. Your child's doctor will review potential problems, like:

Shunt failure

Brain swelling

Blood clot or bleeding in the brain

Infection in the shunt or brain

Damage to brain tissue

Reaction to the anesthesia

What to Expect

Prior to Procedure

At your child’s doctor appointment before the surgery, the doctor may:

Do a neurological exam—This is to find out how your child’s nerves work. It involves evaluating mental status, as well as motor and sensory abilities.

Order
MRI
or
CT scans
of the brain—Images of your child’s body will help the doctor plan the surgery.

Answer any question that you have

Talk to your doctor about your child's medications. Your child may be asked to stop taking some medications up to 2 weeks before the procedure.

Instruct your child to not eat or drink before the surgery—Your child’s doctor will give you instructions about fasting based on your child’s age. Fasting may range from 6-12 hours before surgery.

Anesthesia

General anesthesia
will be used. It will block any pain and keep your child asleep during the surgery. It is given through an IV in the hand or arm.

Description of the Procedure

A breathing tube will be placed to help your child breathe during surgery. The scalp and abdomen are cleaned with antiseptic. Small incisions will be made in the scalp and abdomen. A small hole is made in the skull. A catheter is passed through the hole into your child’s brain. Then, the catheter is tunneled under the skin down to the abdomen. This end of the catheter is put into the abdominal cavity. The incisions are closed and a dressing is applied to each area.

Immediately After Procedure

After the surgery, your child will be taken to the recovery room for observation.

How Long Will It Take?

1-1½ hours

How Much Will It Hurt?

Anesthesia prevents pain during surgery. Your child will be given medication to manage pain after the procedure.

Average Hospital Stay

Your child may be in the hospital for 3-7 days. Your child may stay longer if complications arise.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.