South Sudan, which gained independence from Sudan in 2011, is the world’s youngest nation. However, a civil war that erupted in 2013 between fractions supporting President Salva Kiir and Vice President Riek Machar has already marred the history of the young nation.

The breakdown in relations between the two sides can be blamed almost entirely on oil. Although South Sudan inherited 75 percent of Sudan’s oil reserves, the third largest oil reserves in sub-Saharan Africa, most of the pipelines are under control of the north.

According to Washington, America is the single largest aid donor to South Sudan. The country has received nearly $1.6 billion in contributions since 2013.

But there’s another country with a big interest in South Sudan. China, which has also sent peacekeepers to the country, is now the biggest stakeholder in Sudan’s oil industry

RT: Why do you think the heavy fighting has broken out again in Juba on the eve of the country’s fifth independence anniversary?

Ayo Johnson: If you remember when South Sudan was created as a new country and held as a beacon of success back in 2011, both the US and European allies alike were saying this was the best thing for the country. And you must be mindful that it was coming from the back end of a 20-year war, a civil war with its neighbor Northern Sudan. So, they thought that this was the best way to secure peace finally with South Sudan becoming a new nation. But the problems that quickly unraveled were the differences between Salva Kiir and Riek Machar, and the troubles that we’ve seen thus far stem straightly from that discord between those two leaders.

To an extent, the US would be slightly disappointed that what they thought was a huge experiment, a risk, nonetheless, a country clearly not ready for the level of democracy that they thought could be imposed on that country. But clearly, the challenges of poverty, inequality was paramount because there wasn’t a clear plan as to how the land would be shared, but also how the control of oil wealth would be governed between the two leaders, these differences unraveled pretty quickly.

“South Sudan has an oil wealth which is supposed to be used for the nation building. But other forces, which are far removed from the continent, are also involved and this has complicated the situation.” – Dr. Mohamed Hassan, former Ethiopian diplomat, expert on Africa

RT: What is the key reason for this outbreak of violence in South Sudan?

AJ: The new feud has just ensued between the two leaders of South Sudan – Salva Kiir and Riek Machar – which many would say was a‘marriage of convenience’, a marriage that was clearly never going to work. And now we are finding these are the pitfalls of that relationship that was forced, brought together, despite not being ready and should never happened in many people’s eyes. But again the US and the Europeans would have to look at themselves and very much the UN that forced this country to take ownership of its own affairs when it wasn’t mature enough to do so…

RT: Do you think the US and China’s conflicting interests have influenced the situation in the country?

AJ: This was paramount in the thinking that the reason why the US pushed for a liberalized, independent South Sudan was to dislodge the Chinese, who already had existing agreements in place with Northern Sudan of [Omar] al-Bashir in terms of controlling the oil. And many said the push for independence was seen as leverage against the Chinese to dislodge the control they had on the oil… We must remember that the oil is predominantly in South Sudan where the vast majority of the oil wealth sits. However, the distribution of that oil wealth in terms of extracting it out of the country – the pipelines all run through the north. You have a situation where one big country has now been split in two, and had to find a mechanism of addressing the fundamental which was oil… The arrangements we had in place was that the oil wealth would have to be shared through a percentage between north and south…

Andrew K.P.Leung, international and independent China Strategist based in Hong Kong commented on the issue: “China’s engagement with Africa is not just based on resources. China’s model is very unique in the sense that all investments and engagements are coordinated by the Chinese state. Hence China is able to offer – in addition to investments in oil and resources – programs to build infrastructure, schools, hospitals, railways, highways, which are necessities for Africa’s economic trajectory.”

The statements, views and opinions expressed in this column are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent