Prelim Snippets 03-08-2019

INSTITUTE OF EMINENCE

The IITs Madras and Kharagpur, Delhi University, University of Hyderabad, Amritha Vishwa Vidyapeetham and VIT are among the 20 institutions recommended for the grant of the Institute of Eminence status by the UGC

Institute of Eminence:

It is the scheme has been launched by UGC in order to implement the commitment of the Government to empower the Higher Educational Institutions and to help them become world class teaching and research institutions.

Aim: To develop 20 world-class Institutions which would put India on the global education map.

Those selected will be given greater autonomy and freedom to decide fees, course durations and governance structures.

The public institutions will also receive a government grant of 1,000 crore, while the private institutions will not get any funding under the scheme.

RAMON MAGSAYSAY AWARD

Context: Indian journalist Ravish Kumar has been awarded the 2019 Ramon Magsaysay Award for “harnessing journalism to give voice to the voiceless”

About Ramon Magsaysay Award:

Established in 1957, the Ramon Magsaysay Award is Asia’s highest honour.

It celebrates the memory and leadership example of the third Philippine president after whom the award is named

It is given every year to individuals or organisations in Asia who manifest the same selfless service and transformative influence that ruled the life of the late and beloved Filipino leader.

Ppar-γ2 and Arid5a

Context: An international team of scientists found that two proteins, Ppar-γ2 and Arid5a, triggered by cytokines from the immune system work in tandem to keep fat cells under check.

Cytokines: These are proteins secreted by immunity cells. Although it is known that cytokines like IL-6 and TGF — beta are produced during exercising or stress to bring about an energy balance called homeostasis, the exact mechanism was unknown.

The present study focused on understanding this homeostasis and found that cytokines trigger Arid5a, which in turn arrests the fat cell formation.

Another protein Ppar-γ2 is a key facilitator for generating fat cells in the body.

When nutrients are taken, Ppar-γ2 is triggered in fibroblasts (healing cells), and they begin to accumulate lipids to form fat cells as a necessary mechanism to store energy and perform various activities

The results suggested that Arid5a does inhibit the expression of Ppar-γ2 by inactivating the promoter activity of Ppar-γ2 gene, establishing the negative relationship between the two proteins.”

MEGHDOOT- MOBILE APP

Context: New mobile app launched to assist farmers; the application called Meghdoot would be available for 150 districts in different parts of the country

About Meghdoot:

The Ministries of Earth Sciences and Agriculture have launched a mobile application that will provide location, and crop and livestock-specific weather-based agro advisories to farmers in local languages.

The app would provide forecast relating to temperature, rainfall, humidity, and wind speed and direction, which play critical roles in agricultural operations and advisories to the farmers on how to take care of their crops and livestock.

It will provide information in the form of images, maps and pictures to help the farmer to have a clearer picture of what is in store.

It has been integrated with WhatsApp and Facebook as well to help farmers share advisories among themselves.

Initially, the service would be available for 150 districts in different parts of the country

The information would be updated twice a week on Tuesdays and Fridays.

It has been developed by experts from the India Meteorological Department and Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.

It can be downloaded from Google Play Store and App Store.

The users will have to register their name and location so that they can get area specific information.

FALL ARMYWORM

Context:Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare launched a dedicated website to help farmers fight against the dreaded Fall Armyworm (FAW).

About FAW:

It is an invasive and polyphagous (feeding on many foods) pest. It can attack cereals and forage grasses.

FAW is recorded as eating 186 plant species from 42 families.

Global scientists have already warned that the FAW ‘invasion’ will be global and potentially put the world’s food security at risk.

India had to import maize in order to meet the demand of the poultry and animal feed industries after FAW destroyed the country’s maize crop in 2018.

This website will help support farmers in successfully curbing FAW in India through knowledge empowerment.

Saffal’ stands for ‘Safeguarding Agriculture and Farmers against Fall Armyworm’.

It is conducting a country-wide farmers’ awareness programme on FAW in major maize-growing states such as Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.