Historical Overview (1956-1975)

von Bertalanffy & Bickis - 1956

The metachromatic fluorescence of AO was used to identify and quantitate RNA in tissues and that that normal and malignant cells could be discriminated.

Cytometry Analytic Techniques M.R. Mendelsohn - 1958

Pioneered photometry by the two-wavelength method with the appropriate mathematical manipulation of the transmittances.

Marylou Ingram - 1960's

Identified that radiation caused increase number of binucleated lymphocytes in peripheral blood - she used a scanner to detect these rare cells (1/10000).

Preston - 1964

Cytoanalyzer was designed to identify Ingram's rare cells using a Vidicon based system - digitized images of lymphocytes were produced stained with eosin-methylene azure dye combinations.

Early flow systems

Hallermann et al, Kosenow - 1964

AO staining of leukocytes - was able to use fluorescence (in a flow based system) to select leukocytes from red cells despite a low ratio (1/1000) because they took up lots of AO - also claimed to be able to discriminate between monocytes and PMN

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The listed regulatory status for products correspond to one of the below:
IVD: In Vitro Diagnostic Products. These products are labeled "For In Vitro Diagnostic Use."
ASR: Analyte Specific Reagents. These reagents are labeled "Analyte Specific Reagents. Analytical and performance characteristics are not established."
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No Regulatory Status: Non-Medical Device or non-regulated articles. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

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