India and Pakistan fought over the region in 1947–1948.[4] Under the supervision of the United Nations the two agreed on a ceasefire along a line which left the Kashmir Valley under the administration of India. In 1972, India and Pakistan sign a peace treaty called the Simla Agreement. It said that in the future both would settle their differences peacefully.[5] It also renamed the ceasefire line the Line of Control.[4]

India claims the entire state including the Kashmir Valley to be part of India. Both the United States and the United Kingdom support turning the Line of Control into the border between India and Pakistan. India seems to go along with this while Pakistan is entirely against it.[4]

India has sent large security forces to Kashmir over the years.[6] Kashmir has remained one of the world's most militarized areas.[6] In 1989 there was an armed uprising against Indian control.[6] India blamed Pakistan and accused them of sponsoring terrorism.[6]

In 1999 a third conflict arose over the area.[6] Pakistani-backed forcesinfiltrated into Kashmir.[6] While both armies have fired across the Line of Control, India has not sent troops into Pakistan.[6] Tens of thousands of people have been killed so far in Kashmir.[6]

Lashkar-e-Taiba. They have been responsible for a number of violent attacks including the Red Fort attacks in Delhi in 2000.[8] India believes they are responsible for the 2009 Mumbai attacks.[8] They are largely non-Kashmiri.[8] They operate in Kashmir but are based in Pakistan.[8]