President Donald Trump and German Chancellor Angela Merkel hold a news conference in the White House on March 17, 2017.

President Donald Trump and German Chancellor Angela Merkel hold a news conference in the White House on March 17, 2017.

(Jabin Botsford / The Washington Post)

Geir MoulsonAssociated Press

Chancellor Angela Merkel on Monday underlined Germany's rejection of a claim by U.S. President Donald Trump that her country owes NATO large sums for underspending on defense. She also pointed to Germany's history of decades of post-World War II military restraint.

Trump tweeted Saturday, a day after meeting Merkel in Washington, that "Germany owes vast sums of money to NATO." He added that "the United States must be paid more for the powerful, and very expensive, defense it provides to Germany!"

Berlin's defense budget has long been below NATO's target of 2 percent of a member's gross domestic product. The figure is currently at 1.23 percent, though Germany has been raising defense spending and Merkel has stressed its commitment to reaching the target by 2024.

Merkel said defense spending is "not just about contributions to NATO, but also about European contributions in Africa for example, U.N. missions."

"Not a single NATO member state pays its entire defense budget into NATO," she said Monday at a news conference in Hannover with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.

Merkel said that defense spending "can't be uncoupled from historical developments from one day to the next." She recalled that the immediate post-World War II aim was to have a Germany that was integrated into the international community.

Germany gradually emerged from its post-war diplomatic and military shell after reunification in 1990, sending troops to Kosovo and Afghanistan — though it also refused to join the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. Military missions aren't popular with the public and are often a subject of agonized political debate.

"Of course the role of Germany has changed," Merkel said.

"If you look at our military commitment today, then you see that a quarter-century later Germany plays a completely different role," she added. "But it is a process, and it is a process that the United States of America wanted ... and we cannot simply cast off this process from one day to the next."

President Donald Trump said Saturday that Germany owes "vast sums of money" to NATO and the U.S. "must be paid more" for providing defense, reiterating his stance that European allies need to meet their end of the bargain if they are to continue benefiting from the military alliance.

Trump's tweet...

President Donald Trump said Saturday that Germany owes "vast sums of money" to NATO and the U.S. "must be paid more" for providing defense, reiterating his stance that European allies need to meet their end of the bargain if they are to continue benefiting from the military alliance.

Trump's tweet...

(Ken Thomas and Jill Colvin)

She said that defense spending is only one contribution to security, along with development aid and political solutions to conflicts.

Merkel's center-left rivals in a September election, and current coalition partners, have struck a sharper tone on the Trump administration's reinforcement of demands that NATO allies pay more.

Spending 2 percent of GDP on defense would mean doubling Germany's defense budget, and "I don't know who can imagine that something like that is possible," Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel told a congress of his Social Democrats on Sunday.