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Carnegie ECG

Heart Terms A-B

a spindle shaped or saclike bulging of the wall of a vein or artery, due to weakening of the wall by disease or an abnormality present at birth.

Angina pectoris

literally means chest pain. A condition in which the heart muscle receives an insufficient blood supply, causing pain in the chest, and often in the left arm and shoulder.

anoxia

literally, no oxygen. Frequently occurs when the blood supply to a part of the body is completely cut off. Results in death of affected tissue.

Aorta

the main trunk artery which receives blood from the lower left chamber of the heart. It originates from the left ventricle, arches up over the heart like I can handle and passes down to the chest and abdomen in front of the spine.

Aortic insufficiency

an improper closing of the valve between me and you order in the lower left chamber of the heart admitting a backflow of blood.

Aortic stenosis

a narrowing of the valve opening between the lower left chamber of the heart in the air. The narrowing me a current the valve itself or slightly above or below the valve. Aortic stenosis may result from scar tissue forming after rheumatic fever infection.

Aortic valve

valve at the junction of the aorta in the lower left chamber of the heart. Formed by 3 cup shaped membranes called semilunar valves, it allows the blood to flow from the heart into the artery and prevent a backflow.

Apex

the blunt rounded end of the heart directed downward, forward, and to the left.

Arrhythmia

Arrhythmia an abnormal rhythm of the heart.

arterial blood

arterial blood oxygenated blood. The blood is oxygenated in the lungs, passes from the lungs to the left side of the heart via the pulmonary veins. It is then pumped by the left side of the heart into the arteries which carry it to all parts of the body.

Arterioles

Arterioles the smallest arterial vessels (about .02 mm, or 1/125 in diameter) is resulting from repeated branching of the arteries. They conduct blood from the arteries to the capillaries.

arteriosclerosis

commonly called hardening of the arteries. This is a generic term which includes a variety of conditions which causes the artery walls to become thick and hard and lose elasticity.

Artery

blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart to the various parts of the body. They usually carry oxygenated blood except for the pulmonary artery which carries on oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.

Atrial septum

sometimes called interatrial septum or inter Oracle stuff done. Muscular wall dividing left and right upper chambers of the heart which are called atria.

Atrio-ventricular bundle

also called bundle of His, auriculo-ventricular bundle, or A-V bundle. A bundle of specialized muscle fibers running from a small mass of muscular fibers (AV node) between the upper chambers of the heart down to the lower chambers.

Atrio-ventricular node

a small mass of special muscle fibers at the base of the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart. It forms the beginning of the bundle of His which is the only known direct muscular connection between the upper and lower chamber of the heart.

atrium

one of two upper chambers of the heart. Also called auricle athis (generally used to describe only the very tip of the atrium) The RA receives unoxygenated blood from the body. LA receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. adult capacity is about 55cc

Auricle

the upper chamber in each side of the heart. Also called atrium

auricular septum

auricular septum sometimes called interaural reticular septum or in terrestrial septum. Muscular wall dividing left and right upper chambers of the heart which are called atria.

Auscultation

the active listening to sounds within the body, as with a stethoscope.

Bicuspid valve

usually called mitral valve. a valve of to cost or triangular segments located between the upper and lower chambers in the left side of the heart.

blood pressure

the pressure of the blood in the arteries. systolic pressure when the heart muscle is contracted distally, diastolic pressure when the heart muscle is relaxed between beat. BP is generally expressed by two numbers as 120 / 80