Load test your web applications part 1 – Apache ab

With ab

Load testing an application is more than a task to prepare for the go-live: it has to cover all phases of the lifecycle. It allows tracing the behavior of the application over time, allowing identifying when performance degeneration happened. It’s part of a toolset to avoid “yesterday it worked fine …”.

From the many load testing tools the ones for testing the end user perspective are the ones most useful. For applications that have a web interface this means to test the load from the browser perspective. This way, not only a specific part of the application like the DB is tested: all components involved to generate the HTML output are tested: the web server, application server, network connection, backend applications, DB, and so on. There are several load testing tools available, some are endorsed by SAP and are made available by SAP partners. They have one thing in common (beside the price): they are not easy to use. Because of this they normally get added at the quality test phase, and that is already too late. I will focus here on tools that can be freely downloaded, installed, are simply to set up and use and have a community so finding solutions on the internet is not a big deal.

The Apache web server comes with a simple tool: ab (http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/programs/ab.html). Basically, that tool does everything you need to test the performance of a web page. You can use ab to upload a file, set cookies to find out HTTP server limitations (like 413), emulate authentication, and so on. The intended use case of ab is to test the Apache web server and the impact of configuration parameters on its performance, but as it simulates quite well the load of several browsers and a flexible number of requests, it can be used to test every web page. You can try out parameter changes and see how they impact the performance, how your code handles several requests, find out the impact of the network, and many more.

To run a test that includes 1000 requests, distributed over 10 threads to a URL, the syntax is:

Output:

Ab gives already some important information like requests/sec, number of failed requests and transfer rate. It’s an easy to use tool but pretty low level. Running ab against a local installation of SAP Portal:

This example makes also clear that one important aspect of load testing is the network connection. Instead of making the requests over Wifi to the URL of the 1st example somewhere in the internet and thus slowing down the number of requests, here the requests are done locally and I get an impressive 575 requests per seconds. The key takeaway here is: do your load testing not only at one location, do it at several locations inside your network to rule out or find network related bottlenecks: start near your server for optimizing the performance of your application and then move slowly away. Of course, you should define for each of the locations a threshold.

To test your single application, you need

A direct link

User authentication (if implemented)

The direct link is easy to get. The user authentication with ab is tricky, but the –C parameter does the trick. This will not give real world results as ab will do the tests as the same user, but it gives an overview of the response time of the application. The application is reading some data from the request object and some KM properties.

I ran the test several time and what you cannot see here is that the number of request went up from 49 to 92 and then stayed there. That’s an easy application that only reads some request parameters. Where serving a simple html page came back with 575 hits/sec, the application running inside the portal is not – as expected – as fast.

Now I can add and remove some code to find out if the application runs faster or slower and this way find out where the performance bottleneck is.