]>
12-05-2018Hong YuJennifer SchaubJie ZhengOPMI is a biomedical ontology in the area of precision medicine and its related investigations. It is community-driven and developed by following the OBO Foundry ontology development principles.OPMI subject: Precision medicine and related investigationsOPMI: Ontology of Precision Medicine and InvestigationOWL-DLVision Release: 1.0.21Yongqun "Oliver" He (YH)BFO OWL specification labelBFO OWL specification labelReally of interest to developers onlyRelates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification.BFO CLIF specification labelBFO CLIF specification labelPerson:Alan RuttenbergReally of interest to developers onlyRelates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2editor preferred labeleditor preferred termeditor preferred termeditor preferred term~editor preferred labeleditor preferred labeleditor preferred term~editor preferred labelPERSON:Daniel Schobereditor preferred termThe concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)editor preferred labelGROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>editor preferred labeleditor preferred termexample of usageexample of usageA phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>PERSON:Daniel Schoberexamplehas curation statushas curation statusOBI_0000281PERSON:Alan RuttenbergPERSON:Bill BugPERSON:Melanie Courtothas curation statusdefinitiontextual definitiontextual definitiondefinitiondefinitiondefinitiontextual definitionDEFINITION2012-04-05:
Barry Smith
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible.
Can you fix to something like:
A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property.
Alan Ruttenberg
Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria.
On the specifics of the proposed definition:
We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition.
Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable.
We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software.definitionGROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>PERSON:Daniel SchoberThe official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.textual definitionThe official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.definitioneditor noteeditor noteeditor note1IAO:0000116editor_noteeditor_noteuberonAn administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi>PERSON:Daniel Schobereditor noteterm editordefinition editordefinition editorterm editor20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115.20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115.GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several peoplePERSON:Daniel Schoberterm editoralternative termalternative termAn alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent)GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>PERSON:Daniel Schoberalternative termdefinition sourcedefinition sourceDiscussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99wGROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>PERSON:Daniel Schoberdefinition sourceformal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007curator notescurator notecurator note1IAO:0000232curator_notescurator_notesuberonAn administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a userPERSON:Alan Ruttenbergcurator noteimported fromimported fromFor external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was importedGROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>PERSON:Alan RuttenbergPERSON:Melanie Courtotimported fromexpand expression toexpand expression toelucidationelucidationPerson:Barry SmithPrimitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axiomselucidationperson:Alan Ruttenberghas associated axiom(nl)has associated axiom(nl)An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural languagePerson:Alan RuttenbergPerson:Alan Ruttenberghas associated axiom(nl)has associated axiom(fol)has associated axiom(fol)An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntaxPerson:Alan RuttenbergPerson:Alan Ruttenberghas associated axiom(fol)Has_NICHD_ParentHas_NICHD_ParentA property created to allow the source NICHD to assign a parent to each concept with the intent of creating a hierarchy that includes only terms in which they are the contributing source.A11Conceptual EntityHas_NICHD_ParentcodecodecodeNHC0trueSemantic_TypeConceptual EntitySemantic TypeSemantic_TypeSemantic_TypeP106In general, applying semantic types aids in allowing users (or computer programs) to draw conclusions about concepts by virtue of the categories to which they have been assigned. We use a set of semantic types developed for the UMLS Metathesaurus. There are currently 134 semantic types in the UMLS.The semantic type describes the sort of thing or category to which a concept belongs in the context of the UMLS semantic network.Display_NameDisplay NameDisplay NameProvides an alternative Preferred Name for use in some NCI systems.Display_NameDisplay_NameConceptual EntityP107Preferred_NamePreferred TermConceptual EntityThe word or phrase that NCI uses by preference to refer to the concept.P108Preferred NamePreferred NamePreferred_NamePreferred_NameUMLS_CUIP207Concept Unique Identifiers, or CUIs, are concept numbers assigned by the National Library of Medicine (NLM). If a concept in any NCI-maintained knowledgebase exists in the NLM Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), NCI includes the NLM CUI among the information we provide about the concept.UMLS_CUIUMLS_CUIConceptual EntityUMLS CUINCI_META_CUINCI_META_CUIConceptual EntityNCI_META_CUINCI Metathesaurus CUIContains a Concept Unique Identifier for those concepts that appear in NCI Metathesaurus but not in the NLM UMLS.P208Concept_StatusP310An NCI Thesaurus property used to indicate the standing of a concept in relation to currently accepted classifications and concepts. In NCI Thesaurus concept status subtype indicates concepts with unusual and problematic characteristics that should be evaluated by people and/or programs before those concept are used.Concept StatusConcept_StatusConceptual EntityConcept_StatusContributing_SourceThis property is used to indicate when a non-EVS entity has contributed to, and has a stake in, a concept. This is used where such entities, within or outside NCI, have indicated the need to be able to track their own concepts. A single concept can have multiple instances of this property if multiple entities have such a defined stake.Contributing SourceConceptual EntityContributing_SourceP322Contributing_SourceALT_DEFINITIONConceptual Entity[source] DefinitionALT_DEFINITIONALT_DEFINITIONP325English language definitions of what a source other than NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They include information about the definition's source in a form that can easily be interpreted by software.Legacy_Concept_NameLegacy Concept NameA retired unique concept identifier created and stored as Concept Name by legacy EVS software. Use of these values was long discouraged, but continued as late as 2009 when creation of new values ceased and Concept Name was retired. Legacy values are intended solely to help resolve and update earlier coding.Legacy Concept NametrueConceptual EntityP366NICHD_Hierarchy_TermP371NICHDNICHD_Hierarchy_TermNICHD_Hierarchy_TermConceptual EntityDesignNoteDesignNoteDesignNoteConceptual EntityP98Design notes are notations made by NCI vocabulary curators. They are intended to provide supplemental, unstructured information to the user or additional insight about the concept.DesignNotehas_meddra_idISA alternative termISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org)Person: Philippe Rocca-SerraISA alternative termPerson: Alejandra Gonzalez-BeltranRequested by Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran
https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3603413&group_id=177891&atid=886178An alternative term used by the ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org).IEDB alternative termAn alternative term used by the IEDB.IEDBIEDB alternative termPERSON:Randi Vita, Jason Greenbaum, Bjoern Peterstemporal interpretationtemporal interpretationhttps://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTimeAn assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context.logical macro assertionhttps://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ShortcutRelationsAn assertion that involves at least one OWL object that is intended to be expanded into one or more logical axioms. The logical expansion can yield axioms expressed using any formal logical system, including, but not limited to OWL2-DL.logical macro assertion on a propertyA logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a propertylogical macro assertion on an object propertylogical macro assertion on an annotation propertyis direct form ofChris Mungallrelation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n yIf we have the annotation P is-direct-form-of Q, and we have inverses P' and Q', then it follows that P' is-direct-form-of Q'external_definition1An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class.This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAOUBPROP:0000001external_definitionexternal_definitionuberonhomology_notes1Notes on the homology status of this class.This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAOUBPROP:0000003homology_noteshomology_notesuberontaxon_notes1Notes on the how instances of this class vary across species.UBPROP:0000008taxon_notestaxon_notesuberonexternal_ontology_notes1Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies.This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAOUBPROP:0000012external_ontology_notesexternal_ontology_notesuberonhas_rankA metadata relation between a class and its taxonomic rank (eg species, family)ncbi_taxonomycontributorContributorContributor1dc-contributordc-contributoruberonAn entity responsible for making contributions to the
content of the resource.Examples of a Contributor include a person, an
organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a
Contributor should be used to indicate the entity.CreatorCreatorAn entity primarily responsible for making the content
of the resource.Examples of a Creator include a person, an organisation,
or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should
be used to indicate the entity.DateDateA date associated with an event in the life cycle of the
resource.Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or
availability of the resource. Recommended best practice
for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of
ISO 8601 [W3CDTF] and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format.DescriptionDescriptionAn account of the content of the resource.Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract,
table of contents, reference to a graphical representation
of content or a free-text account of the content.FormatFormatThe physical or digital manifestation of the resource.Typically, Format may include the media-type or dimensions of
the resource. Format may be used to determine the software,
hardware or other equipment needed to display or operate the
resource. Examples of dimensions include size and duration.
Recommended best practice is to select a value from a
controlled vocabulary (for example, the list of Internet Media
Types [MIME] defining computer media formats).SourceSourceA reference to a resource from which the present resource
is derived.The present resource may be derived from the Source resource
in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference
the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a
formal identification system.Subject and KeywordsSubject and KeywordsThe topic of the content of the resource.Typically, a Subject will be expressed as keywords,
key phrases or classification codes that describe a topic
of the resource. Recommended best practice is to select
a value from a controlled vocabulary or formal
classification scheme.TitleTitle
Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is
formally known.
A name given to the resource.has_alternative_idhas_alternative_idhas_broad_synonymdatabase_cross_referencedatabase_cross_referencehas exact synonymhas_exact_synonymhas_exact_synonymFully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software.Synonym with Source DataFULL_SYNhas_narrow_synonymhas_narrow_synonymhas_obo_namespacehas_related_synonymhas_related_synonymin subsetin_subsetin_subsetConcept_In_SubsetUsed to associate the concept defining a particular terminology subset with concepts that belong to this subset.shorthandlabellabellabeldepicted_by1foaf-depicted_byfoaf-depicted_byuberonpart ofpart ofBFO:0000050part_ofpart_ofuberonEverything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTimea core relation that holds between a part and its wholehttp://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_ofParthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.is part ofmy brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)part_ofthis day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)has parthas partBFO:0000051has_parthas_partuberonEverything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTimeParthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.a core relation that holds between a whole and its parthas parthas_partmy body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)is_bearer_ofis bearer ofhttp://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/omrse.owlbearer ofbearer_ofrealized inhttp://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owlParaphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process[copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])is realized byrealized inrealized_inthis disease is realized in this disease coursethis fragility is realized in this shatteringthis investigator role is realized in this investigationrealizesParaphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the processrealizesthis disease course realizes this diseasethis investigation realizes this investigator rolethis shattering realizes this fragilityto say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])preceded_bypreceded byBFO:0000062X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)is preceded bypreceded_bypreceded_bytakes place afteruberonAn example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_byis preceded bypreceded bypreceded_byx is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.precedesprecedesBFO:0000063precedesprecedesuberonprecedesx precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.occurs inParaphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuantb occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at toccurs inoccurs_inunfolds inunfolds_incontains processParaphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at tsite ofis about7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive.
We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined.
Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophyThis document is about information artifacts and their representationsis_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.person:Alan Ruttenbergis duration ofrelates a process to a time-measurement-datum that represents the duration of the processhas participant qualityan object property that represents a relation between a process and a quality, in which the process has a participant that has the quality.An adverse event has a participant quality, such as a hyperkalemia AE has a participatn quality blood potassium increased.Yongqun HeThis is a shortcut relation of the following full version:
'has participant' some (participant 'has quality' )
in: process 'has participant' some (participant 'has quality' some quality)is_supported_by_dataPhilly 2011 workshopThe relation between a data item and a conclusion where the conclusion is the output of a data interpreting process and the data item is used as an input to that processThe relation between the conclusion "Gene tpbA is involved in EPS production" and the data items produced using two sets of organisms, one being a tpbA knockout, the other being tpbA wildtype tested in polysacharide production assays and analyzed using an ANOVA. is_supported_by_dataOBIOBIhas_specified_input8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.PERSON: Bjoern PetersPERSON: Larry HunterPERSON: Melanie Coutothas_specified_inputA relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.PERSON: Alan Ruttenberghas_specified_inputsee is_input_of example_of_usageis_specified_input_ofPERSON:Bjoern Petersis_specified_input_ofA relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.Alan Ruttenbergsome Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assayhas_specified_outputPERSON: Bjoern PetersPERSON: Larry HunterPERSON: Melanie Courtothas_specified_outputA relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.PERSON: Alan Ruttenberghas_specified_outputis_specified_output_ofPERSON:Bjoern Petersis_specified_output_ofA relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.Alan Ruttenbergis_specified_output_ofachieves_planned_objectiveA cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective'BP, AR, PPPB branchPPPB branch derivedThis relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.achieves_planned_objectivemodified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branchobjective_achieved_byThis relation obtains between a a objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.objective_achieved_byOBIOBIhas value specificationPERSON: James A. OvertonA relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value.OBIhas value specificationinheres inhttp://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owlA dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists.a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existenceinheres ininheres_inthis fragility inheres in this vasethis red color inheres in this applebearer ofA bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existencebearer ofbearer_ofis bearer ofthis apple is bearer of this red colorthis vase is bearer of this fragilityparticipates ina relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the processparticipates inparticipates_inthis blood clot participates in this blood coagulationthis input material (or this output material) participates in this processthis investigator participates in this investigationhas participanthttp://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owlHas_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the processhas participanthttp://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participanthas_participantthis blood coagulation has participant this blood clotthis investigation has participant this investigatorthis process has participant this input material (or this output material)is concretized asA journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).concretizesA journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).role ofA role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existenceis role ofrole_ofthis investigator role is a role of this personhas roleA bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existencehas_rolethis person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)location ofMost location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTimea relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the locationis location oflocation_ofmy head is the location of my brainthis cage is the location of this ratlocated inhttp://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_inLocation as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterusMost location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTimea relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the locationlocated inlocated_inmy brain is located in my headthis rat is located in this cageends afterDavid Osumi-SutherlandX ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)immediately_preceded_byimmediately preceded byA non-transitive temporal relation in which one process immediately precedes another process, such that there is no interval of time between the two processes[SIO:000251].RO:0002087X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)directly preceded byimmediately_preceded_byimmediately_preceded_byis directly preceded byis immediately preceded bystarts_at_end_ofuberonstarts_at_end_ofDavid Osumi-SutherlandX immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)immediately precedesX immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)ends_at_start_ofmeetsDavid Osumi-Sutherlandstarts duringDavid Osumi-SutherlandX starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y))iohappens duringX happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y))dduringDavid Osumi-Sutherlandends duringDavid Osumi-SutherlandooverlapsX ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). overlapshttp://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y)x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of ydevelops_fromRO:0002202develops_fromdevelops_fromuberondevelops_intoRO:0002203develops_intodevelops_intouberonhas active participant'heart development' has active participant some Shh proteinhas agentChris MungallThis may be obsoleted and replaced by the original 'has agent' relationx has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in ysurrounded bytemporally related tohttps://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1Chris MungallDo not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends.A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations.startsRO:0002223Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with.startsstartsuberonstarts withstarts withRO:0002224starts_withstarts_withuberonstarted byx starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptorChris MungallendsRO:0002229Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with.endsendsfinishesuberonends withends withRO:0002230ends_withends_withuberonChris Mungallfinished byx ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.has inputp has direct input c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.Chris Mungallconsumeshas outputChris Mungallp has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p.produceshas developmental contribution fromRO:0002254has_developmental_contribution_fromhas_developmental_contribution_fromuberoninheres in part ofq inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w.Chris MungallBecause part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of inheres in part ofmereotopologically related toA mereological relationship or a topological relationshipChris MungallDo not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationshipsfunctionally related toChris MungallThis is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and functioninput ofChris Mungalloutput ofChris Mungallformed as result ofChris Mungallhas potential to develop intoRO:0002387has_potential_to_develop_intohas_potential_to_develop_intouberonx has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into ycausally related toThis relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processesChris MungallDo not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents.
To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives:
* Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate?
* Is the causal relation regulatory?
* Is the influence positive or negative
The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified.
For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule.
For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral.
Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types.depends onChris Mungallcausal relation between material entitiesDo not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.Chris MungallThe intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branchhas material contribution fromdetermined byRO:0002507has_material_contribution_fromhas_material_contribution_fromuberonA coral reef environment is determined by a particular coral reefPier ButtigiegThe label for this relation is probably too general for its restricted use, where the domain is a system. It may be relabeled in futures determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s.determined by (system to material entity)Chris MungallChris Mungalldeterminesdetermines (material entity to system)Chris Mungalldetermined by part ofs 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w.Chris Mungallcausally influenced bycausally influenced by (material entity to material entity)Chris Mungallcausally influencesHolds between materal entities a and b if the activity of a is causally upstream of the activity of b, or causally upstream of a an activity that modifies bChris Mungallcausally influences (material entity to material entity)related via dependence toA relationship that holds between two entities, where the relationship holds based on the presence or absence of statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes.Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.has_proper_parthas_proper_parthttp://purl.org/obo/owl/relationshiprelationshipOBO_REL:0000007entityentityEntityAn entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdfJulius CaesarVerdi’s Requiemthe Second World Waryour body mass indexcontinuantcontinuantContinuant(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuantsif b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])occurrent(forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial regionBFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.OccurrentOccurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.occurrentEvery occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])independent continuantIndependentContinuant(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])a heartica chaira lega moleculea spatial regionan atoman orchestra.an organismb is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])the bottom right portion of a human torsothe interior of your mouthtemporal region(forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] TemporalRegiont-region(forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensionalprocessProcess(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the hearta process of meiosisa process of sleepingp is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])processthe course of a diseasethe flight of a birdthe life of an organismyour process of aging.disposition(forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.Disposition(forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] dispositionIf b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Yb is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])certain people have a predisposition to colon cancerchildren are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosisrealizable entity(forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])RealizableEntityTo say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])realizablethe disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.the disposition of your blood to coagulatethe function of your reproductive organsthe role of being a doctorthe role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meetquality(forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] qualityQuality(forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])the ambient temperature of this portion of airthe color of a tomatothe length of the circumference of your waistthe mass of this piece of gold.the shape of your nosethe shape of your nostrilspecifically dependent continuant(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] SpecificallyDependentContinuantA continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this keySpecifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomatoof relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.sdcthe disposition of this fish to decaythe function of this heart: to pump bloodthe mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interactionthe pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centerthe role of being a doctorthe shape of this hole.the smell of this portion of mozzarellaroleA realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.Rolerole(forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])the priest rolethe role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territoriesthe role of a building in serving as a military targetthe role of a stone in marking a property boundarythe role of subject in a clinical trialthe student roleobject aggregateObjectAggregateAn entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee).ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.(forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] a collection of cells in a blood biobank.a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bondsa symphony orchestradefined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organizationdefined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of graniteobject-aggregatean organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team)b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed containerdefined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospitalthe aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle jointthe aggregate of blood cells in your bodythe nitrogen atoms in the atmospherethe restaurants in Palo Altoyour collection of Meissen ceramic plates.objectobjectObjectBFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting.BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below).BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entityBFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74atomb is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])cellcells and organismsengineered artifactsgrain of sandmoleculeorganelleorganismplanetsolid portions of matterstargenerically dependent continuantgdc(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] GenericallyDependentContinuantA continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptopthe sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.one-dimensional temporal region(forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] OneDimensionalTemporalRegion1d-t-regionA one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001])BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks).the temporal region during which a process occurs.material entitymaterial(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60MaterialEntityAn independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])a flamea forest firea human beinga hurricanea photona puff of smokea sea wavea tornadoan aggregate of human beings.an energy wavean epidemicevery entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])the undetached arm of a human beingzero-dimensional temporal region(forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion0d-t-regionA zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001])a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundaryright nowtemporal instant.the moment at which a child is bornthe moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accidentthe moment of death.historyhistoryA history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001])Historypenicillin0243.044243.26000Any member of the group of substituted penams containing two methyl substituents at position 2, a carboxylate substituent at position 3 and a carboxamido group at position 6.C9H11N2O4SRC9H11N2O4SRCHEBI:14742CHEBI:17334CHEBI:25869CHEBI:7961CiteXplore:12833570CiteXplore:1502708CiteXplore:16033609CiteXplore:7798534KEGG COMPOUND:C00395KEGG:C00395PMID:11851248PMID:12833570PMID:1502708PMID:16033609PMID:7061385PMID:7798534PenicillinWikipedia:Penicillin[H][C@]12SC(C)(C)[C@@H](N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC([*])=O)C(O)=O[H][C@]12SC(C)(C)[C@@H](N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC([*])=O)C(O)=Ochebi_ontologypenicillinpenicillinspenicillinscephalosporin0182.999183.18500A class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring.A class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring. Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy.C7H5NO3SR2C7H5NO3SR2CHEBI:23066CHEBI:3538CephalosporinCiteXplore:12833570CiteXplore:6762896KEGG COMPOUND:C00875KEGG:C00875PMID:10069359PMID:11936371PMID:12833570PMID:24269048PMID:3320614PMID:6762896PMID:8426246Wikipedia:Cephalosporin[H][C@]12SCC([*])=C(N1C(=O)[C@H]2[*])C(O)=O[H][C@]12SCC([*])=C(N1C(=O)[C@H]2[*])C(O)=Ocephalosphorincephalosphorinscephalosporinschebi_ontologymolecular entityAny constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.CHEBI:23367chebi_ontologyentidad molecularentidades molecularesentite moleculairemolecular entitiesmolecular entitymolekulare Entitaetcyclic amideCHEBI:23443cyclic amidecyclic amideschemical entityA chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.CHEBI:24431chebi_ontologychemical entityheterocyclic antibioticCHEBI:24531organic heterocyclic compoundA cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element.CHEBI:24532chebi_ontologyorganic heterocycleorganic heterocyclic compoundshydroxidesCHEBI:24651Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)).chebi_ontologyoxoacidA compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).CHEBI:24833oxacidsoxiacidsoxo acidoxoacidoxoacidsoxy-acidsoxyacidslactamCHEBI:24995Cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.LaktamLaktamechebi_ontologylactamlactamslactamsmoleculeAny polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.CHEBI:25367Molekuelchebi_ontologymoleculamoleculemoleculesneutral molecular compoundsorganonitrogen heterocyclic antibioticCHEBI:25558chebi_ontologyorganonitrogen heterocyclic antibioticsoxygen molecular entityCHEBI:25806chebi_ontologyoxygen molecular entitiesoxygen molecular entitypenicillanic acidsCHEBI:25865chebi_ontologysulfur molecular entityCHEBI:26835sulfur molecular entitiessulfur molecular entityorganic heterobicyclic compoundCHEBI:27171chebi_ontologyheterobicyclic compoundsorganic heterobicyclic compoundsbeta-lactam antibioticAn organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic that contains a beta-lactam ring.CHEBI:10427CHEBI:22844CHEBI:27933KEGG:C03438PMID:19254642PMID:22594007Wikipedia:Beta-lactam_antibioticbeta-Lactam antibioticsbeta-lactam antibioticschebi_ontologyamideAmideAn amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.CHEBI:22473CHEBI:2633CHEBI:32988KEGG COMPOUND:C00241KEGG:C00241amideschebi_ontologyorganosulfur compoundAn organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond.CHEBI:23010CHEBI:25714CHEBI:33261Wikipedia:Organosulfur_compoundschebi_ontologyorganosulfur compoundorganosulfur compoundsheteroorganic entityA heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.CHEBI:33285chebi_ontologyheteroorganic entitiesorganoelement compoundspnictogen molecular entityCHEBI:33302pnictogen molecular entitiespnictogen molecular entitychalcogen molecular entityAny p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.CHEBI:33304chalcogen compoundschalcogen molecular entitieschalcogen molecular entitychebi_ontologycarboxylic acid044.99845.01740A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.An oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.CHEBI:13428CHEBI:13627CHEBI:23027CHEBI:33575CHO2RCHO2RCarbonsaeureCarbonsaeurenCiteXplore:17147560CiteXplore:18433345KarbonsaeureOC([*])=OOC([*])=OPMID:17147560PMID:18433345RC(=O)OHWikipedia:Carboxylic_acidacide carboxyliqueacides carboxyliquesacido carboxilicoacidos carboxilicoscarboxylic acidcarboxylic acidschebi_ontologymain group molecular entityA molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.CHEBI:33579chebi_ontologymain group compoundsmain group molecular entitiescarbon group molecular entityCHEBI:33582carbon group molecular entitiescarbon group molecular entitycyclic compoundAny molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring.CHEBI:33595Wikipedia:Cyclic_compoundchebi_ontologycyclic compoundshydrogen molecular entityCHEBI:33608hydrogen compoundshydrogen molecular entitiesbicyclic compoundA molecule that features two fused rings.CHEBI:33636bicyclic compoundsheteropolycyclic compoundA polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom.CHEBI:33671chebi_ontologyheteropolycyclic compoundspolyheterocyclic compoundsheterobicyclic compoundA bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom.CHEBI:33672chebi_ontologyheterobicyclic compoundss-block molecular entityAn s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.CHEBI:33674s-block compoundss-block molecular entitiess-block molecular entityp-block molecular entityA main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.A p-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a p-block element.CHEBI:33675chebi_ontologyp-block compoundsp-block molecular entitiesp-block molecular entitiyorganic cyclic compoundAny organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring.CHEBI:33832chebi_ontologyorganic cyclic compoundsorganonitrogen compoundAny heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.CHEBI:35352chebi_ontologyorganonitrogen compoundsorganonitrogenscarbon oxoacidCHEBI:35605carbon oxoacidschebi_ontologyoxoacids of carbonbeta-lactamA beta-lactam is a lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.CHEBI:10426CHEBI:22845CHEBI:35627KEGG COMPOUND:C01866KEGG:C01866Wikipedia:Beta-lactambeta-Lactambeta-lactambeta-lactamschebi_ontologypenamsCHEBI:35992Natural and synthetic antibiotics containing the 4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one structure, generally assumed to have the 5R configuration unless otherwise specified.chebi_ontologypenamspolyatomic entityAny molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.CHEBI:36357chebi_ontologypolyatomic entitiespseudoketoneCHEBI:36585pseudoketonepseudoketonespseudoketonescarbonyl compoundAny compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.CHEBI:36586carbonyl compoundschebi_ontologyorganic oxo compoundCHEBI:36587Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element.organic oxo compoundsoxo compoundscyclic pseudoketoneA cyclic compound in which a carbonyl group in a ring is bonded to one or two skeletal heteroatoms.CHEBI:36588cyclic pseudoketonesorganochalcogen compoundAn organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond.CHEBI:36962chebi_ontologyorganochalcogen compoundorganochalcogen compoundsorganooxygen compoundAn organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond.CHEBI:36963CiteXplore:17586126PMID:17586126chebi_ontologyorganooxygen compoundorganooxygen compoundsheteroatomic molecular entityA molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.CHEBI:37577chemical compoundheteroatomic molecular entitiescarboxamide041.99842.01680An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom.CHEBI:35354CHEBI:35355CHEBI:37622CNOR3[*]C(=O)N([*])[*]carboxamidescarboxamideschebi_ontologyprimary carboxamideorganonitrogen heterocyclic compoundAny organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms.CHEBI:38101chebi_ontologyheterocyclic organonitrogen compoundsorganonitrogen heterocyclic compoundsorganosulfur heterocyclic compoundCHEBI:38106chebi_ontologyheterocyclic organosulfur compoundsorganosulfur heterocyclic compoundsorganic heteropolycyclic compoundCHEBI:25429CHEBI:38075CHEBI:38166chebi_ontologyorganic heteropolycyclic compoundscephemCHEBI:38311cephemschebi_ontologyorganic molecular entityAny molecular entity that contains carbon.CHEBI:25700CHEBI:33244CHEBI:50860chebi_ontologyorganic compoundsorganic entityorganic molecular entitiesnitrogen molecular entityCHEBI:25556CHEBI:51143CHEBI:7594KEGG COMPOUND:C06061KEGG:C06061Nitrogenous compoundschebi_ontologynitrogen compoundsnitrogen molecular entitiesheterocyclic compoundA cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements.CHEBI:5686Heterocyclic compoundchebi_ontologycompuesto heterociclicocompuestos heterociclicosheterocycleheterocyclic compoundsorganic moleculeAny molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity.CHEBI:72695chebi_ontologyorganic compoundorganic compoundsorganic moleculesclinical measurementA quantitative or qualitative value which is the result of an act of assessing a morphological or physiological state or property in a single individual or sample or a group of individuals or samples, based on direct observation or experimental manipulation.CMO:0000000Clinical_Measurement.ontologycardiovascular measurementAny value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter pertaining to the heart and/or blood vessels.CMO:0000001Clinical_Measurement.ontologyheart rateCMO:0000002Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe number of contractions of the cardiac ventricles per unit of time.blood pressure measurementCMO:0000003Clinical_Measurement.ontologyMeasurement of the pressure, or force per area, exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels. The pressure is dependent on the energy of the heart action, elasticity of the vessel walls and volume and viscosity of the blood.Not4Curationsystolic blood pressureCMO:0000004Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe maximum arterial pressure within the cardiac cycle, i.e. at the point at which the heart is in its maximal state of contraction. This is the time when the blood is forced from the ventricles of the heart into the pulmonary artery and the aorta.diastolic blood pressureCMO:0000005Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe minimum arterial pressure within the cardiac cycle, usually at the point at which the heart is in a state of relaxation and expansion. This is the time when the ventricles fill with blood.left ventricular diastolic blood pressureCMO:0000006Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe minimum pressure in the heart left ventricle, usually at the point at which the heart is in a state of relaxation and expansion and the ventricles fill with blood.left ventricular systolic blood pressureCMO:0000007Clinical_Measurement.ontologyMeasurement of the pressure within the heart left ventricle at the point of maximal contraction, when the blood is forced from the left ventricle into the aorta.calculated blood pressureA blood pressure measurement which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. Blood pressure is the pressure, or force per area, exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels. The pressure is dependent on the energy of the heart action, elasticity of the vessel walls and volume and viscosity of the blood.CMO:0000008Clinical_Measurement.ontologyNot4Curationmean arterial blood pressureCMO:0000009Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe average blood pressure within an artery over a specified period of time. It is often calculated using the formula of one third systolic pressure plus two thirds diastolic pressure, or alternatively, using the formula diastolic pressure plus 1/3 of the difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure (i.e. 1/3 pulse pressure).developed blood pressureA calculated value for the difference between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure at a given point in time when measured in an isolated organ or vessel under conditions where perfusion pressure or flow can be controlled.CMO:0000010Clinical_Measurement.ontologybody temperatureCMO:0000015Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe level of heat in an organism.heart morphological measurementA measurement of the physical form or structure of the heart, the chambered, muscular organ in vertebrates that pumps blood received from the veins into the arteries, thereby maintaining the flow of blood through the entire circulatory system.CMO:0000016Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThis is the term which was just "heart measurement". Since it was under body morphological measurement it seemed to clearly refer to a morphological measurement. I made this term more specific so that another term for "heart measurement" could be added to the ontology above it which would also be a parent to other non-morphological heart-related terms. JRS 2-15-2012.heart weightCMO:0000017Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe heaviness of the heart (the central cardiac muscle which maintains the circulation of the blood) or the degree to which it is drawn to the earth by gravity.left ventricular developed pressureA calculated measurement of the difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure in the heart left ventricle at a given point in time in an isolated organ or vessel under conditions where perfusion pressure or flow can be controlled.CMO:0000018Clinical_Measurement.ontologybody morphological measurementCMO:0000021Clinical_Measurement.ontologyMeasurement of the structure or forms of the entire body or parts of the body of an organism.anthropometric measurementmorphometryblood chemistry measurementA quantification of a parameter of the chemical composition of blood.CMO:0000023Clinical_Measurement.ontologyblood molecular composition measurementcalculated differential white blood cell count2010-12-13T10:32:58ZA measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of one or more of the various, specific types of leukocytes present in a sample of blood for which a total white blood cell count was taken, usually 1 cubic mm of peripheral venous blood.CMO:0000024Clinical_Measurement.ontologycalculated blood differential WBC countcalculated blood differential leukocyte countmshimoyamablood hemoglobin levelCMO:0000026Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe amount of hemoglobin in a specific volume of blood, expressed as grams per deciliter of whole blood in humans.blood haemoglobin levelwhite blood cell countCMO:0000027Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe number of white blood cells in a specified volume of blood.leukocyte countwhite corpuscle countblood protein measurementAny measurement involving the amount, composition or type of protein, the complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in blood.CMO:0000028Clinical_Measurement.ontologyplatelet countCMO:0000029Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe number of platelets (thrombocytes) in a specified volume of blood, usually expressed as platelets per cubic millimeter of whole blood.blood measurementA measurement of the blood, it's contents, cells or other factors contained within the blood.CMO:0000035Clinical_Measurement.ontologyblood cell measurementA value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of blood cells, i.e. cells native to the circulation, including those of erythroid, lymphoid, myeloid and monocytic lineages. A cell is a membrane-enclosed protoplasmic mass constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning.CMO:0000036Clinical_Measurement.ontologyblood glucose level2009-12-17T10:41:54ZCMO:0000046Clinical_Measurement.ontologyMeasurement of the amount of glucose, the monosaccharide sugar, C6H12O6, occurring widely in plant and animal tissues which is one of the three dietary monosaccharides that are absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion, is the end product of carbohydrate metabolism, and is the chief source of energy for living organisms, in a specified volume of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them.mshimoyamablood urea nitrogen levelBUN levelCMO:0000049Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe level of urea, the chief nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism in whole blood. Urea is formed in the liver from amino acids and from ammonia compounds and can be found in urine, blood, and lymph.blood lipid measurementAny value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of a blood-derived lipid, any of a structurally diverse group of organic compounds found in blood that are insoluble in water but soluble innonpolar solvents that, among other biological functions, serve as a source of fuel and are an important constituent of cell structure.CMO:0000050Clinical_Measurement.ontologyblood total cholesterol levelCMO:0000051Clinical_Measurement.ontologyMeasurement of the entire amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, without taking into account any association with other molecules such as lipoproteins, in a specified volume of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them.blood TC levelblood high density lipoprotein cholesterol levelCMO:0000052Clinical_Measurement.ontologyMeasurement of the amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, carried in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) molecules in a specified volume of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. HDL is the smallest of the major lipoprotein particles, complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids. The HDL class of lipoproteins, specifically the subtypes of HDL2 and HDL3, have densities between 1.063 and 1.210 g/ml.Values for density ranges of the lipoprotein classes are approximate. The classes may be defined differently by different researchers, in part because class definitions depend on the number of subclasses into which the lipoprotein fractions are divided.blood HDL levelblood HDL-Cblood low density lipoprotein cholesterol levelCMO:0000053Clinical_Measurement.ontologyMeasurement of the amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, carried in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules in a specified volume of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. LDL constitute a class of relatively large, heterogeneous lipoprotein particles, complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids. The LDL class of lipoproteins has a density between 1.019 and 1.063 g/ml. In some animal species, such as canine and rodents, this may overlap with the HDL1 class and be designated LDL/HDL1.Values for density ranges of the lipoprotein classes are approximate. The classes may be defined differently by different researchers, in part because class definitions depend on the number of subclasses into which the lipoprotein fractions are divided.blood LDL levelblood LDL-C levelblood electrolyte measurementA quantification of one or more mineral salts found in the blood in the form of electrically charged ions.CMO:0000063Clinical_Measurement.ontologyblood enzyme activity levelAny quantitation of the catalytic effect exerted by an enzyme in a specified sample of blood. An enzyme is a protein that catalyzes chemical reactions of other substances without itself being destroyed or altered upon completion of the reaction(s).CMO:0000064Clinical_Measurement.ontologyNot4Curationorgan morphological measurementA measurement of the physical form and structure of an organ.CMO:0000068Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThis is the term which used to be just "organ measurement". Since it was under body morphological measurement, it clearly referred to a morphological measurement. Because a term for organ measurement was needed that was not morphological, and since this one already had annotations, I changed the term while keeping the ID and location in the ontology the same. JRS 2-15-2012.heart wet weightCMO:0000069Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe weight of the heart after removal from the body but without desiccation.heart dry weightCMO:0000070Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe weight of the heart after desiccation.heart left ventricle wet weightCMO:0000071CMO:0000655Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe weight of the lower left chamber of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood through the aorta into the systemic arteries, after removal from the body and separation from the rest of the heart but without desiccation.heart right ventricle wet weightCMO:0000072CMO:0000624Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe weight of the lower right chamber of the heart, which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung, after removal from the body and separation from the rest of the heart but without desiccation.calculated heart weightCMO:0000073Clinical_Measurement.ontologyheart weight to body weight ratioA calculated value in which the weight of the heart, the chambered, muscular organ in vertebrates that pumps blood received from the veins into the arteries, thereby maintaining the flow of blood through the entire circulatory system, is divided by the total weight of the body, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.CMO:0000074Clinical_Measurement.ontologyheart weight as percentage of body weightA calculated value in which the weight of the heart, the chambered, muscular organ in vertebrates that pumps blood received from the veins into the arteries, thereby maintaining the flow of blood through the entire circulatory system, is presented as percentage of the total weight of the body, thus normalizing it to body weight.CMO:0000075Clinical_Measurement.ontologyaorta weightCMO:0000076Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe weight of the aorta, the main trunk from which the arterial system proceeds. Weight is the heaviness or degree to which a body is drawn to the earth by gravity.blood vessel measurementAny quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of one or more blood vessels, the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body.CMO:0000077Clinical_Measurement.ontologyrenal/urinary measurementCMO:0000080Clinical_Measurement.ontologykidney weightCMO:0000081Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe weight of one or both kidneys, the organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.right kidney wet weightCMO:0000082Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe weight of the right kidney, the organ which lies on the right side of the body from the perspective of the subject and functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, after removal from the body but without desiccation.left kidney wet weightCMO:0000083Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe weight of the left kidney, the organ which lies on the left side of the body from the perspective of the subject and functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, after removal from the body but without desiccation.single kidney wet weightCMO:0000084Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe weight of a single kidney, the organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, after removal from the body but without desiccation.individual kidney wet weightboth kidneys wet weightCMO:0000085Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe weight of both kidneys, the organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, after removal from the body but without desiccation.kidney morphological measurementCMO:0000087Clinical_Measurement.ontologyMeasurement of the physical form or structure of one or both kidneys, the organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.heart right ventricle weight to left ventricle weight ratio2009-12-17T08:17:35ZA calculated value which compares the weight of the right ventricle, the lower chamber of the right side of the heart, which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung, with the weight of the left ventricle, the lower chamber of the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body, and presents it as a ratio.CMO:0000108Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamablood granulocyte count2009-12-17T08:22:51ZCMO:0000111Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe number of granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) in a specified volume of blood, usually 1 cubic millimeter.mshimoyamablood triglyceride level2009-12-17T10:19:44ZCMO:0000118Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe amount of triglycerides in a specific volume of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. Triglycerides are any of a group of lipids that are esters formed from one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of one or more fatty acids, are widespread in adipose tissue, and commonly circulate in the blood in the form of lipoproteins.mshimoyamablood lipoprotein level2009-12-17T10:21:58ZCMO:0000119Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe amount of lipoproteins, any of a group of conjugated proteins that have at least one lipid component, in a specific volume of blood.mshimoyamablood bilirubin level2009-12-17T10:35:20ZCMO:0000123Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe amount of bilirubin found in a specific volume of blood.mshimoyamaurine creatinine level2009-12-17T11:00:47ZCHEBI:16737CMO:0000125Clinical_Measurement.ontologyMeasurement of the amount of creatinine in a specified sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. Creatinine is a nitrogenous compound formed in muscle as the end product of creatine metabolism. Blood and urine tests for creatinine are used as diagnostic indicators of kidney function and muscle mass.mshimoyamamuscle morphological measurement2010-06-24T01:24:08ZAny measurement of the physical form or structure of the skeletal, smooth and/or heart muscles of the body.CMO:0000127Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamaurine albumin level2009-12-17T11:01:46ZCMO:0000130Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe amount of albumin in a specified volume of urine. Urine albumin levels which are above normal but not detectable with routine protein testing are referred to as microalbuminuria.mshimoyamaurine microalbumin levelboth kidneys wet weight as percentage of body weight2010-05-17T01:48:45ZA calculated measurement in which the weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of both kidneys, the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight.CMO:0000140Clinical_Measurement.ontologyRNigamcalculated kidney weight2010-05-25T04:01:05ZAny measurement that has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the weight of one or both kidneys, the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.CMO:0000160Clinical_Measurement.ontologyNot4CurationRNigamkidney wet weight2010-05-25T04:11:18ZCMO:0000169Clinical_Measurement.ontologyRNigamThe weight of one or both kidneys, the organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, after removal from the body but without desiccation.kidney dry weight2010-05-25T04:11:36ZCMO:0000170Clinical_Measurement.ontologyRNigamThe weight after desiccation of one or both kidneys, the organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.blood vessel diameter2010-06-10T09:05:26ZCMO:0000179Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a blood vessel, passing through its center and ending on either side at either the inner surface or outer surface of the blood vessel wall.mshimoyamaejection fraction2010-06-10T09:06:25ZCMO:0000180Clinical_Measurement.ontologyPercentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heart beat.heart left ventricle ejection fractionmshimoyamaend-systolic volume2010-06-10T09:08:28ZCMO:0000181Clinical_Measurement.ontologyVolume of blood left in a ventricle at end of contraction.mshimoyamacirculation measurement2010-06-10T09:38:29ZAny measurement of the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels.CMO:0000195Clinical_Measurement.ontologyblood flow measurementmshimoyamablood flow rate2010-06-10T09:38:42ZCMO:0000196Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe volume of blood flowing through a vessel or organ per unit of time.mshimoyamacardiac output measurement2010-06-10T09:51:29ZCMO:0000197Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe volume of blood pumped from the right or left ventricle per minute, also used to calculate - stroke volume X heart rate.mshimoyamaarterial blood flow rate2010-06-10T09:56:23ZCMO:0000198Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe volume of blood flowing through an artery per unit time.mshimoyamavenous blood flow rate2010-06-10T09:56:38ZCMO:0000199Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe volume of blood passing through a vein per unit time.mshimoyamavessel shear stress measurement2010-06-10T10:04:04ZCMO:0000201Clinical_Measurement.ontologyMovement of blood along the solid wall of a vessel, often represented by the Hagen-Poiseuille equation.mshimoyamain vitro vessel shear stress measurement2010-06-10T10:51:43ZCMO:0000202Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamain vivo vessel shear stress measurement2010-06-10T10:52:06ZCMO:0000203Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamaactivated partial thromboplastin time2010-06-10T11:20:31ZCMO:0000210Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe time needed for plasma to form a fibrin clot after the addition of calcium and a phospholipid reagent. It is used to evaluate the intrinsic clotting system.mshimoyamablood vessel dilation measurement2010-06-10T02:02:16ZCMO:0000215Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamavasodilation measurementlumen diameter at maximum dilation expressed as percent of baseline2010-06-10T02:02:34ZCMO:0000216Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamablood vessel constriction measurement2010-06-10T02:34:30ZCMO:0000218Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamavasoconstriction measurementlumen diameter at maximum constriction expressed as percent of baseline2010-06-10T02:35:20ZCMO:0000219Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamasystemic vascular resistance measurement (SVR)2010-06-10T02:41:52ZCMO:0000220Clinical_Measurement.ontologyResistance to blood flow by blood vessels throughout the body, the degree to which the blood vessels impede the flow of blood, often calculated as SVR equal to the difference between mean arterial blood pressure(MAP) and central venous pressure(CVP) divided by cardiac output(CO).mshimoyamaend-diastolic volume2010-06-10T03:56:38ZCMO:0000221Clinical_Measurement.ontologyVolume of blood in ventricle immediately before a contraction.mshimoyamastroke volume2010-06-11T01:32:10ZCMO:0000223Clinical_Measurement.ontologyVolume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat, calculated by subtracting the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of a beat (end-systolic volume) from the volume of blood just prior to the beat (end-diastolic volume).mshimoyamacell measurement2010-06-17T10:30:36ZAny quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of one or more cells. A cell is a membrane-enclosed protoplasmic mass constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning.CMO:0000227Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamacardiomyocyte count2010-06-17T10:30:50ZCMO:0000228Clinical_Measurement.ontologyNumber of cells of muscular tissue in the heart in a specified sample size.mshimoyamablood vessel endothelial cell count2010-06-17T10:33:11ZCMO:0000229Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe enumeration, i.e. measurement of the total number, of the specialized liner cells that form an interface between the circulating blood and the rest of the vessel wall in a specified sample of blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body.blood vessel endothelial cell numbermshimoyamavascular endothelial cell countheart electrical conduction measurement2010-06-17T10:36:15ZCMO:0000230Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamaRR interval2010-06-17T10:39:30ZCMO:0000232Clinical_Measurement.ontologyInterval between an R wave and the next R wave of successive heart beats, inverse of the heart rate.RR_IntervalmshimoyamaPR interval2010-06-17T10:40:52ZCMO:0000233Clinical_Measurement.ontologyPR_IntervalTime between the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex, reflects the time the electrical impulse takes to travel from the sinus node through the AVE node and entering the ventricles, used as an estimate of AV node function.mshimoyamaST interval2010-06-17T10:43:21ZCMO:0000234Clinical_Measurement.ontologyST_IntervalThe time between the J point ( the point at which the QRS complex finishes and the ST segment begins) to the end of the T wave.mshimoyamaQT interval2010-06-17T10:45:44ZAn interval measured from the onset of the QRS wave complex to the offset of the T wave.CMO:0000235Clinical_Measurement.ontologyQT_Intervalmshimoyamaheart wall thickness2010-06-17T10:53:08ZCMO:0000236Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamaaorta wall thickness2010-06-17T10:54:17ZCMO:0000237Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe depth of the wall of the aorta, the main trunk from which the arterial system proceeds.aortic wall thicknessmshimoyamaheart posterior wall thickness2010-06-17T11:13:15ZCMO:0000238Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe thickness or depth of the dorsal/posterior wall of the heart. The dorsal wall is the portion of the heart muscle which is closest to the spine and farthest from the chest wall of the organism.heart dorsal wall thicknessmshimoyamaheart left ventricle posterior wall thickness2010-06-17T11:15:28ZCMO:0000239Clinical_Measurement.ontologyNote that "left" in this context refers to the perspective of the organism, not that of the observer.The thickness or depth (i.e. the measurement of the two-dimensional extent of the distance between the inner and outer surfaces) of the dorsal/posterior wall of the left ventricle of the heart. The dorsal wall is the portion of the muscle enclosing the ventricle which is closest to the spine and farthest from the chest wall of the organism. The left ventricle is the lower chamber of the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body.heart left ventricle dorsal wall thicknessmshimoyamaheart right ventricle posterior wall thickness2010-06-17T11:15:42ZCMO:0000240Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe thickness or depth of the dorsal/posterior wall of the right ventricle of the heart. The dorsal wall is the portion of the muscle enclosing the ventricle which is closest to the spine and farthest from the chest wall of the organism.heart right ventricle dorsal wall thicknessmshimoyamaurine measurement2010-06-17T12:26:05ZAny measurement of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys, or its components.CMO:0000256Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamaurine specific gravity2010-06-17T12:27:01ZCMO:0000257Clinical_Measurement.ontologyMeasure of the concentration of particles in the urine.mshimoyamaurine densityP wave amplitude2010-06-17T12:38:44ZCMO:0000263Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe magnitude of the P wave, the initial deflection of the cardiac cycle representing excitation of the atria as presented in an electrocardiogram.mshimoyamaP wave duration2010-06-17T12:39:11ZCMO:0000264Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe time from start to finish of the P wave , in the electrocardiograph illustrating the initial deflection of the cardiac cycle, representing the excitation of the atria.mshimoyamaQ wave depth2010-06-17T12:39:35ZCMO:0000265Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe distance to the lowest part of the Q wave which shows the initial downward deflection related to the initial phase of depolarization of the ventricular myocardium and the depolarization of the interventricular septum as measured by electrocardiograph.mshimoyamaQ wave duration2010-06-17T12:39:55ZCMO:0000266Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe time from start to finish of the Q wave which illustrates the initial downward deflection related to the initial phase of depolarization of the ventricular myocardium and the depolarization of the interventricular septum as measured by an electrocardiograph.mshimoyamaQRS duration2010-06-17T12:40:13ZCMO:0000267Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe time from start to finish of the QRS interval as calculated from a set of measurements taken from the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the QRS complex representing the time it takes for ventricles to depolarize.mshimoyamaQRS amplitude2010-06-17T12:40:30ZCMO:0000268Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe magnitude of the portion of the electrocardiograph comprising the Q, R, and S waves which together represent ventricular depolarization.mshimoyamaQTC interval2010-06-17T12:40:52ZCMO:0000269Clinical_Measurement.ontologyQT interval corrected for heart rate calculated by the QT interval divided by the square root of the interval from one QRS complex to the onset of the next QRS complex measured in seconds.mshimoyamaR wave amplitude2010-06-17T12:41:09ZCMO:0000270Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe magnitude of the R wave, which is the initial upward deflection of the QRS complex following the Q wave representing early depolarization of the ventricles as illustrated by an electrocardiograph.mshimoyamaR wave duration2010-06-17T12:41:26ZCMO:0000271Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe time from start to finish of the R wave, the initial upward deflection of the QRS complex following the Q wave which represents early depolarization of the ventricles as illustrated in and electrocardiograph.mshimoyamaS wave amplitude2010-06-17T12:41:54ZCMO:0000272Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe magnitude of the S wave, the downward deflection of the QRS complex following the R wave representing late depolarization of the ventricles as illustrated in an electrocardiograph.mshimoyamaS wave duration2010-06-17T12:42:07ZCMO:0000273Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe time from start to finish of the S wave which is the downward deflection of the QRS complex following the R wave representing late depolarization as illustrated by an electrocardiograph.mshimoyamaST amplitude2010-06-17T12:42:27ZCMO:0000274Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamaST slope2010-06-17T12:42:46ZCMO:0000275Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamaST wave displacement2010-06-17T12:43:04ZCMO:0000276Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamaT wave amplitude2010-06-17T12:43:21ZCMO:0000277Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe magnitude of the T wave, the deflection following the QRS complex representing repolarization of the ventricles as illustrated by and electrocardiograph.mshimoyamaPP interval2010-06-17T03:09:47ZAn interval measured from the onset of the P wave in one PQRST wave complex to the onset of the P wave in the following PQRST wave complex.CMO:0000278Clinical_Measurement.ontologyPP_Intervalmshimoyamapulse pressure2010-06-25T01:54:10ZCMO:0000292Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures, i.e. the difference between the maximal arterial pressure and minimal arterial pressure during the cardiac cycle.mshimoyamapulse2010-08-04T10:37:40ZCMO:0000294Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe count of the rhythmic contractions and expansions of an artery due to the surge of blood from the beat of the heart.mshimoyamaheart atrium morphological measurement2010-09-01T08:30:15ZCMO:0000334Clinical_Measurement.ontologyMeasurement of the physical form or structure of either the right or the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle.mshimoyamaleft atrium weight2010-09-01T08:30:28ZCMO:0000335Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe weight of the left atrium of the heart, the upper chamber on the left which empties into the lower chamber. Weight is the heaviness or degree to which a body is drawn toward the earth by gravity.mshimoyamaright atrium weight2010-09-01T08:30:45ZCMO:0000336Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe weight of the right atrium, the upper right chamber of the heart which empties into the lower right chamber, i.e. the right ventricle. Weight is the heaviness or degree to which a body is drawn to the earth by gravity.mshimoyamaleft atrium volume2010-09-01T08:30:56ZA measure of the capacity of the left heart atrium, the upper left chamber which empties into the lower heart chamber.CMO:0000337Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamaright atrium volume2010-09-01T08:31:06ZA measure of the three dimensional capacity of the right atrium of the heart, the upper right chamber which empties into the lower right chamber, i.e. the right ventricle.CMO:0000338Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamaheart ventricle morphological measurement2010-09-01T08:31:46ZAny measurement of the physical form or structure of one or both ventricles of the heart, that is, the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood away from the heart either to the lungs to be oxygenated or, once oxygenated, to the rest of the body.CMO:0000339Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamaboth kidneys wet weight to body weight ratio2011-09-21T01:41:55ZA calculated measurement in which the weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of both kidneys, the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to body weight.CMO:0000340Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamablood differential white blood cell count2010-12-13T10:24:28ZCMO:0000366Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe number of each type of leukocyte present in a specific volume of blood, usually 1 cubic millimeter.blood differential WBC countblood differential leukocyte countmshimoyamablood granulocyte count to total leukocyte count ratio2010-12-13T10:35:10ZA calculated measurement in which the number of all granulocytes (regardless of type) in a specified sample of blood is divided by the total number of white blood cells in the sample, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.CMO:0000367Clinical_Measurement.ontologygranulocyte count as percentage of total white blood cellsgranulocyte count to total WBC count ratiogranulocyte count to total white blood cell count ratiogranulocyte percentagemshimoyamablood basophil count to total leukocyte count ratio2010-12-13T10:36:27ZA calculated measurement in which the number of basophil granulocytes is divided by the number of all white blood cells in a specified sample of peripheral venous blood, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. A basophil is a granular leukocyte with an irregularly shaped, relatively pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm containing coarse granules of variable size that stain bluish-black when exposed to basic dyes.CMO:0000368Clinical_Measurement.ontologybasophil count as percentage of total white blood cellsbasophil count to total WBC count ratiobasophil count to total white blood cell count ratiobasophil granulocyte percentagebasophil percentagemshimoyamablood eosinophil count to total leukocyte count ratio2010-12-13T10:38:12ZA calculated measurement in which the number of eosinophil granulocytes is divided by the number of all white blood cells in a specified sample of peripheral venous blood, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. An eosinophil is a granular leukocyte having a nucleus with two lobes connected by a thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules of uniform size that stain readily with eosin and other acid dyes.CMO:0000369Clinical_Measurement.ontologyeosinophil count as percentage of total white blood cellseosinophil count to total WBC count ratioeosinophil granulocyte percentageeosinophil percentagemshimoyamablood neutrophil count to total leukocyte count ratio2010-12-13T10:39:37ZA calculated measurement in which the number of neutrophil granulocytes is divided by the number of all white blood cells in a specified sample of peripheral venous blood, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. A neutrophil is, or is in the process of becoming, a granular leucocyte having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by threads of chromatin, cytoplasm containing very fine granules, and which is readily stainable with neutral dyes.CMO:0000370Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamaneutrophil count as percentage of total white blood cellsneutrophil count to total WBC count rationeutrophil granulocyte percentageneutrophil percentagepolymorphonuclear cell percentageblood lymphocyte count to total leukocyte count ratio2010-12-13T10:45:39ZA calculated measurement in which the number of lymphocytes in a specified sample of blood is divided by the total number of white blood cells in the sample, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.CMO:0000371Clinical_Measurement.ontologylymphocyte count as percentage of total white blood cellslymphocyte count to total WBC count ratiolymphocyte percentagemshimoyamablood monocyte count to total leukocyte count ratio2010-12-13T10:52:32ZA calculated measurement in which the number of monocytes in a specified sample of blood is divided by the total number of white blood cells in the sample, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.CMO:0000374Clinical_Measurement.ontologymonocyte count as percentage of total white blood cellsmonocyte count to total WBC count ratiomonocyte percentagemshimoyamablood potassium level2011-01-04T02:53:16ZCMO:0000496Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe amount of potassium ions in a specified volume of blood.mshimoyamablood chloride level2011-01-04T02:54:11ZCMO:0000497Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe amount of chloride ions in a specified volume of blood.mshimoyamablood bicarbonate level2011-01-04T02:54:42ZCMO:0000498Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamablood sodium level2011-01-04T02:55:51ZCMO:0000499Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe amount of sodium ions in a specified volume of blood.mshimoyamablood calcium level2011-01-04T03:13:20ZCMO:0000502Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe amount of calcium ions in a specified volume of blood.mshimoyamablood phosphate level2011-01-04T03:28:18ZCMO:0000504Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe amount of phosphorus, measured as inorganic phosphate, in a specified sample of blood.blood inorganic phosphate levelblood inorganic phosphorus levelmshimoyamapulmonary arterial diastolic blood pressure2011-01-21T08:57:36ZBlood pressure measured in the pulmonary artery during diastole, that is, during dilation or relaxation of the heart ventricles.CMO:0000528Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamapulmonary arterial systolic blood pressure2011-01-21T08:58:00ZBlood pressure measured in the pulmonary artery during systole, that is, during contraction of the heart ventricles.CMO:0000529Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamaheart left ventricle weight to body weight ratio2011-01-21T09:42:17ZA calculated value in which the weight of the left ventricle, the lower chamber of the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body, is divided by the total weight of the body and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and by extension to the size of the organism.CMO:0000530CMO:0000540Clinical_Measurement.ontologyLV mass/BWheart left ventricle weight as a percentage of body weightmshimoyamaabsolute change in mean arterial blood pressure2011-10-28T04:24:16ZCMO:0000533Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe difference in mean arterial blood pressure between two points in time or two conditions expressed as the result of the subtraction in and of itself without comparison by ratio with another quantity.The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign.mshimoyamaabsolute change in heart rate2011-10-28T04:25:37ZAbsolute difference in heart rate between two points in time or two conditions.CMO:0000534Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign.mshimoyamaglomerulus count2011-10-28T04:29:17ZCMO:0000536Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe number of glomeruli in all or part of a kidney. Glomeruli are the tufts of capillaries each situated within a Bowman's capsule at the end of a renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney that filter waste products from the blood and thus initiate urine formation.glomeruli countmshimoyamaheart left ventricle dry weight2011-10-28T04:33:14ZCMO:0000539Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamaserum albumin level2011-11-02T02:48:13ZCMO:0000550Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe amount of albumin in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.mshimoyamablood alanine aminotransferase activity level2011-11-02T04:09:38ZCMO:0000574Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe amount of enzymatic activity of glutamic-pyruvate transaminase enzyme, commonly known as alanine transaminase or alanine aminotransferase (ALT), enzyme in a specified sample of blood. ALT catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate. Blood ALT level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage.blood ALT activity levelblood GPT activity levelblood alanine transaminase activity levelblood glutamic-pyruvate transaminase activity levelmshimoyamablood alkaline phosphatase activity level2011-11-02T04:10:38ZCMO:0000576Clinical_Measurement.ontologyQuantitation of the catalytic effect exerted by alkaline phosphatase (AP) in a specified sample of blood. AP is an enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of orthophosphate from orthophosphoric monoesters under alkaline conditions.mshimoyamablood aspartate aminotransferase activity level2011-11-02T04:17:35ZCMO:0000580Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe amount of enzymatic activity of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase enzyme, commonly known as aspartate transaminase or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), in a specified sample of blood. AST catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amine group from l-glutamic acid to oxaloacetic acid, forming alpha-ketoglutaric acid and l-aspartic acid. Blood AST level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage.blood AST activity levelblood GOT activity levelblood aspartate transaminase activity levelblood glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity levelmshimoyamaurine protein level2011-11-03T01:45:21ZCMO:0000591Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamaleft ventricular end-systolic blood pressure2011-11-03T02:34:53ZCMO:0000605Clinical_Measurement.ontologyMeasurement of the pressure within the heart left ventricle at the end of systole, the period of contraction of the heart when the blood is forced from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery (right ventricle) and the aorta (left ventricle).mshimoyamaleft ventricular end-diastolic blood pressure2011-11-03T02:35:59ZCMO:0000606Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe pressure in the heart left ventricle at the end of diastole, the period when the heart is in a state of relaxation and expansion and the ventricles fill with blood.mshimoyamaabsolute change in systolic blood pressure2011-11-03T02:36:40ZCMO:0000607Calculated measurement of a difference in the maximum arterial blood pressure, that is the pressure at the point of maximal contraction of the heart, between two points in time or two conditions expressed as a number (positive or negative), not as a ratio or percentage relative to another quantity.Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign.mshimoyamaabsolute change in diastolic blood pressure2011-11-03T02:36:56ZCMO:0000608Calculated measurement of a difference in diastolic blood pressure between two points or two conditions expressed as a number (positive or negative), not as a ratio or percentage relative to another quantity. The diastolic pressure is the minimum arterial pressure within the cardiac cycle, usually at the point at which the heart is in a state of relaxation and expansion. This is the time when the ventricles fill with blood.Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign.mshimoyamasingle kidney wet weight to body weight ratio2011-11-03T02:50:38ZA calculated measurement in which the weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of a single kidney, one of the paired organs which function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to body weight.CMO:0000622Clinical_Measurement.ontologyindividual kidney wet weight to body weight ratiomshimoyamasingle kidney wet weight as percentage of body weight2011-11-03T02:50:52ZA calculated measurement in which the weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of a single kidney, one of the paired organs which function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight.CMO:0000623Clinical_Measurement.ontologyindividual kidney wet weight as percentage of body weightmshimoyamaheart right ventricle dry weight2011-11-04T12:57:25ZCMO:0000656Clinical_Measurement.ontologymshimoyamaheart contraction measurement2012-02-15T11:39:00ZAny measurement of components of the periodic tightening and loosening of the heart muscle.CMO:0000662Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart contractility measurementtime to onset of heart contraction2012-02-15T11:42:05ZCMO:0000663Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasure of the time from the relaxation of the heart muscle to the beginning of the tightening of the heart muscle during contraction.time to peak heart contraction2012-02-15T11:48:18ZCMO:0000664Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the time from the beginning of heart muscle contraction to the maximum contracted state.heart contraction pressure2012-02-15T11:56:51ZCMO:0000665Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithPressure exerted by the heart muscle in its maximally contracted state.organ measurement2012-02-15T05:00:53ZAny measurement of a structural part of a system of the body that is composed of tissues and cells that enable it to perform a particular function.CMO:0000669Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart measurement2012-02-15T05:06:19ZCMO:0000670Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThis is not the same term as the original "heart measurement". That term is now "heart morphological measurement".heart effluent measurement2012-02-15T05:11:39ZA measurement made on a fluid flowing out of the heart.CMO:0000671Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart effluent volume2012-02-15T05:14:44ZCMO:0000672Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe volume of a fluid flowing out of the heart.timed heart effluent volume2012-02-15T05:16:22ZCMO:0000673Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe volume of a fluid flowing out of the heart during a specified amount of time.heart effluent enzyme level2012-02-15T05:21:20ZCMO:0000675Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe amount of an enzyme in a specified volume of fluid flowing out of the heart.heart effluent lactate dehydrogenase activity level2012-02-15T05:25:02ZCMO:0000676Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe amount of lactate dehydrogenase activity measured in a specified volume of fluid flowing out of the heart.heart effluent LDH activity levelorgan lesion measurement2012-02-15T05:45:18ZCMO:0000677Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of a lesion in an organ. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined.tissue damage measurementheart lesion measurement2012-02-15T05:48:03ZA measurement of any lesion of the heart. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined.CMO:0000678Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithinfarction measurement2012-02-15T05:50:09ZCMO:0000679Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of an area of necrotic tissue resulting from a reduction or obstruction of the oxygen supplied to that tissue.heart infarction measurement2012-02-15T05:58:36ZCMO:0000680Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of an area of necrotic tissue in the heart resulting from a reduction or obstruction of the oxygen supply.myocardial infarction measurementheart left ventricle infarction measurement2012-02-15T06:09:00ZCMO:0000682Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of an area of necrotic tissue in the left ventricle of the heart resulting from a reduction or obstruction of the oxygen supply to the heart.infarction size2012-02-15T06:11:07ZCMO:0000683Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the area, volume or weight of necrotic tissue resulting from a reduction or obstruction of the oxygen supplied to that tissue.heart infarction size2012-02-15T06:14:35ZCMO:0000684Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the area, volume or weight of necrotic tissue in the heart resulting from a reduction or obstruction of the oxygen supply to the heart.heart left ventricle infarction size2012-02-15T06:18:51ZCMO:0000685Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the area, volume or weight of necrotic tissue in the heart left ventricle resulting from a reduction or obstruction of the oxygen supply to the heart.calculated heart left ventricle infarction size2012-02-15T06:27:35ZCMO:0000686Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart left ventricle infarction size as percentage of total heart left ventricle size2012-02-15T06:28:08ZCMO:0000687Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart ventricle weight2012-02-15T06:46:40ZCMO:0000688Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe heaviness of one or both ventricles of the heart, that is, the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood away from the heart either to the lungs to be oxygenated or, once oxygenated, to the rest of the body, or the degree to which one or both ventricles of the heart are drawn toward the earth by gravity.heart infarction weight2012-02-21T02:50:48ZCMO:0000689Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart infarction area2012-02-21T03:02:09ZCMO:0000690Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart left ventricle infarction weight2012-02-21T03:02:46ZCMO:0000691Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart left ventricle infarction area2012-02-21T03:03:35ZCMO:0000692Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated heart left ventricle infarction area2012-02-21T03:04:15ZCMO:0000693Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated heart left ventricle infarction weight2012-02-21T03:04:51ZCMO:0000694Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart left ventricle infarction weight as percentage of total heart left ventricle weight2012-02-21T03:05:44ZCMO:0000695Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated heart infarction weight2012-02-21T03:08:57ZCMO:0000696Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithabsolute change in body temperature2012-03-09T04:05:52ZCMO:0000699Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe difference in body temperature between two different points in time or between two different conditions.The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign.blood vessel resistance measurement2012-03-09T05:24:30ZCMO:0000700Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the amount of resistance in a blood vessel to the flow of blood or other fluid through it.pulmonary vascular resistance measurement (PVR)2012-03-09T05:53:03ZCMO:0000701Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithResistance to blood flow by blood vessels in the lung.calculated pulmonary vascular resistance2012-03-09T05:57:02ZCMO:0000702Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of vascular resistance in lung blood vessels calculated from other indirect measurements.calculated PVRcalculated pulmonary vascular resistance normalized to body weight2012-03-09T06:00:03ZCMO:0000703Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithR_Flow100blood vessel endothelium measurement2012-03-13T12:26:02ZCMO:0000706Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement made on the endothelial tissue or endothelial cells lining a blood vessel.calculated blood vessel endothelium measurement2012-03-13T12:29:04ZCMO:0000707Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithFAPGG metabolism-surface area product2012-03-13T12:31:07ZCMO:0000708Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithmethylene blue metabolism-surface area product without auto-oxidation2012-03-13T01:02:07ZCMO:0000709Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithmethylene blue metabolism-surface area product after auto-oxidation2012-03-13T01:03:47ZCMO:0000710Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithmethylene blue to FAPGG metabolism-surface area product ratio2012-03-13T01:12:29ZCMO:0000711Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithRatio of the methylene blue metabolism-surface area product without auto-oxidation to the FAPGG metabolism-surface area product.blood vessel contractile force measurement2012-03-13T04:15:39ZAny measurement of the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel.CMO:0000716Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithblood vessel contractility measurementblood vessel maximum contractile force2012-03-13T04:46:14ZCMO:0000717Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the highest achievable amount of energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel.blood vessel maximum contractility measurementmaximum contractile force per wet weight of vessel2012-03-13T04:47:52ZCMO:0000718Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithchemical response/sensitivity measurement2012-03-14T04:09:34ZCMO:0000719Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of an organism's, organ's, tissue's or cell's capacity to respond, such as by a change in activity, state or condition, to a drug or other chemical stimulus.calculated blood vessel contractile force measurement2012-03-14T04:16:11ZA measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel.CMO:0000720Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithconcentration of phenylephrine at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (EC50)2012-03-14T04:17:28ZA calculated value for the concentration of phenylephrine (PE), the phenylethanolamine with IUPAC name (R)-3-[-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol and formula C9H13NO2 that acts as a selective alpha1-adrenergic receptor agonist, decongestant and vasoconstrictor, at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of PE is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such PE-induced contractile energy.CHEBI:8093CMO:0000721Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithphenylephrine half maximal effective concentration (EC50)logarithm of the concentration of phenylephrine at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (Log EC50)2012-03-14T04:17:54ZA calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of phenylephrine (PE), the phenylethanolamine with IUPAC name (R)-3-[-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol and formula C9H13NO2 that acts as a selective alpha1-adrenergic receptor agonist, decongestant and vasoconstrictor, at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of PE is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such PE-induced contractile energy. The logarithm of the concentration is the exponent indicating the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that concentration value.CHEBI:8093CMO:0000722Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithphenylephrine Log half maximal effective concentration (Log EC50)calculated blood vessel dilation force reduction measurement2012-03-14T04:21:12ZCMO:0000723Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the reduction in force during dilation of a blood vessel via calculations from direct measurements rather than expressing the direct measurements themselves.concentration of acetylcholine at which the reduction in force during dilation of a blood vessel is half the maximum value (EC50)2012-03-14T04:23:57ZA calculated value for the concentration of acetylcholine (ACh), the ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula CH3C=OO(CH2)2-N(+)-(CH3)3 and IUPAC name 2-acetoxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium, which acts as a neurotransmitter, at which the energy exerted during the active expansion in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of ACh is halfway between the highest value, that is the force at greatest constriction (often measured in a pre-constricted blood vessel), and the lowest achievable value of such contractile energy during ACh-induced relaxation of the vessel wall (i.e. the maximum effect of Ach which is the minimum contractile energy).CHEBI:15355CMO:0000724Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithacetylcholine half maximal effective concentration (EC50)logarithm of the concentration of acetylcholine at which the reduction in force during dilation of a blood vessel is half the maximum value (Log EC50)2012-03-14T04:24:16ZA calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of acetylcholine (ACh), the ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula CH3C=OO(CH2)2-N(+)-(CH3)3 and IUPAC name 2-acetoxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium, which acts as a neurotransmitter, at which the energy exerted during the active expansion in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of ACh is halfway between the highest value, that is the force at greatest constriction (often measured in a pre-constricted blood vessel), and the lowest achievable value of such contractile energy during ACh-induced relaxation of the vessel wall (i.e. the maximum effect of Ach which is the minimum contractile energy). The logarithm of the concentration is the exponent indicating the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that concentration value.CHEBI:15355CMO:0000725Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithacetylcholine Log half maximal effective concentration (Log EC50)concentration of sodium nitroprusside at which the reduction in force during dilation of a blood vessel is half the maximum value (EC50)2012-03-14T04:24:44ZA calculated value for the concentration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the red-colored inorganic salt with the formula Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]-2H2O used as a potent vasodilator, at which the energy exerted during the active expansion in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of SNP is halfway between the highest value, that is the force at greatest constriction (often measured in a pre-constricted blood vessel), and the lowest achievable value of such contractile energy during SNP-induced relaxation of the vessel wall (i.e. the maximum effect of SNP which is the minimum contractile energy).CHEBI:29321CHEBI:9179CMO:0000726Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithsodium nitroprusside half maximal effective concentration (EC50)logarithm of the concentration of sodium nitroprusside at which the reduction in force during dilation of a blood vessel is half the maximum value (Log EC50)2012-03-14T04:25:16ZA calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the red-coloured inorganic salt with the formula Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]-2H2O used as a potent vasodilator, at which the energy exerted during the active expansion in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of SNP is halfway between the highest value, that is the force at greatest constriction (often measured in a pre-constricted blood vessel), and the lowest achievable value of such contractile energy during SNP-induced relaxation of the vessel wall (i.e. the maximum effect of SNP which is the minimum contractile energy).CHEBI:29321CHEBI:9179CMO:0000727Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithsodium nitroprusside Log half maximal effective concentration (Log EC50)maximum contractile force per wet weight of aorta2012-03-15T11:42:31ZCMO:0000728Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithblood vessel dilation force reduction measurement2012-03-15T11:48:29ZCMO:0000729Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the reduction in force during blood vessel dilation.blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of force at maximum constriction2012-03-15T11:53:37ZCMO:0000730Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithacetylcholine-induced blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of force at maximum constriction2012-03-15T11:55:20ZCMO:0000731Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithacetylcholine-induced blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of phenylephrine-induced vasoconstrictionsodium nitroprusside-induced blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of force at maximum constriction2012-03-15T11:59:59ZCMO:0000732Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithsodium nitroprusside-induced blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of phenylephrine-induced vasoconstrictionhypoxia-induced blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of force at maximum constriction2012-03-15T12:00:51ZCMO:0000733Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithslope measurement of chemical-induced contraction2012-03-15T12:03:40ZCMO:0000734Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithslope measurement of drug-induced contractionslope measurement of phenylephrine-induced contractionfast-slope measurement of chemical-induced contraction2012-03-15T12:05:49ZCMO:0000735Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithfast-slope measurement of drug-induced contractionfast-slope measurement of phenylephrine-induced contractionslow-slope measurement of chemical-induced contraction2012-03-15T12:06:21ZCMO:0000736Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithslow-slope measurement of drug-induced contractionslow-slope measurement of phenylephrine-induced contractionacetylcholine response/sensitivity measurement2012-03-15T12:11:24ZCHEBI:15355CMO:0000737Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of an organism's, organ's, tissue's or cell's capacity to respond, such as by a change in activity, state or condition, to acetylcholine (ACh), the ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula CH3C=OO(CH2)2-N(+)-(CH3)3 and IUPAC name 2-acetoxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium, which acts as a neurotransmitter.phenylephrine response/sensitivity measurement2012-03-15T12:12:47ZCHEBI:8093CMO:0000739Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of an organism's, organ's, tissue's or cell's capacity to respond, such as by a change in activity, state or condition, to phenylephrine (PE), the phenylethanolamine with IUPAC name (R)-3-[-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol and formula C9H13NO2 that acts as a selective alpha1-adrenergic receptor agonist, decongestant and vasoconstrictor.sodium nitroprusside response/sensitivity measurement2012-03-15T12:13:21ZCHEBI:29321CMO:0000740Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of an organism's, organ's, tissue's or cell's capacity to respond, such as by a change in activity, state or condition, to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the red-colored inorganic salt with the formula Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]-2H2O used as a potent vasodilator.percent change in heart rate2012-03-20T04:21:00ZCMO:0000742Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithchange in calculated blood pressure2012-03-20T04:31:30ZCMO:0000743Calculation of a difference between representations of blood pressure in a treated versus untreated state or over time, after the original values have been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. Blood pressure is the pressure, or force per area, exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels. The pressure is dependent on the energy of the heart action, elasticity of the vessel walls and volume and viscosity of the blood.Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithchange in developed blood pressure2012-03-20T04:31:52ZA calculated measurement of the difference in developed blood pressure between a treated state and a control state. Developed pressure is systolic minus diastolic pressure when measured in an isolated organ or vessel under conditions where perfusion pressure or flow can be controlled.CMO:0000744Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithpercent change in developed blood pressure2012-03-20T04:32:19ZA calculated measurement of the difference in developed blood pressure between a treated state and a control state, expressed as a percentage. Developed pressure is systolic minus diastolic pressure when measured in an isolated organ or vessel under conditions where perfusion pressure or flow can be controlled.CMO:0000745Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithchange in systolic blood pressure2012-03-20T04:34:31ZCMO:0000746Calculated measurement of a difference in the maximum arterial blood pressure, that is the pressure at the point of maximal contraction of the heart, between two points in time or two conditions.Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithpercent change in systolic blood pressure2012-03-20T04:35:00ZCMO:0000747Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe relative difference in the maximum arterial blood pressure, that is the pressure at the point of maximal contraction of the heart, between two points in time or two conditions expressed as a percentage.change in arterial blood flow rate2012-03-20T04:37:30ZCMO:0000748Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithpercent change in arterial blood flow rate2012-03-20T04:38:02ZCMO:0000749Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithabsolute change in arterial blood flow rate2012-03-20T04:38:35ZCMO:0000750Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign.percent change in left ventricular developed pressure2012-03-21T01:08:08ZA calculated measurement of the difference in developed pressure measured in the heart left ventricle between a treated state and a control state, expressed as a percentage. Developed pressure is systolic minus diastolic pressure when measured in an isolated organ or vessel under conditions where perfusion pressure or flow can be controlled.CMO:0000751Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithchange in left ventricular developed pressure2012-03-21T01:09:30ZA calculated measurement of the difference in developed pressure measured in the heart left ventricle between a treated state and a control state. Developed pressure is systolic minus diastolic pressure when measured in an isolated organ or vessel under conditions where perfusion pressure or flow can be controlled.CMO:0000752Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithchange in left ventricular systolic blood pressure2012-03-21T01:13:41ZCMO:0000753Clinical_Measurement.ontologyDifference in the pressure within the heart left ventricle at the point of maximal contraction, when the blood is forced from the left ventricle into the aorta, between two points in time or two conditions.JSmithpercent change in left ventricular systolic blood pressure2012-03-21T01:14:31ZCMO:0000754Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe relative difference in the pressure within the heart left ventricle at the point of maximal contraction, when the blood is forced from the left ventricle into the aorta, between two points in time or two conditions expressed as a percentage.heart effluent lactate dehydrogenase activity level normalized to heart weight2012-03-30T07:52:39ZCMO:0000775Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe activity level of LDH in effluent expressed relative to the weight of the heart; calculated as LDH activity divided by heart wet weight.heart left ventricle weight2012-06-07T11:37:18ZCMO:0000776Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart right ventricle weight2012-06-07T11:38:49ZCMO:0000777Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithmean pulmonary arterial blood pressure2012-06-07T12:01:20ZCMO:0000778Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe average blood pressure within the pulmonary artery over a specified period of time, or technically over a complete cycle of one heartbeat.mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressurepulmonary arterial blood pressure measurement2012-06-07T02:24:23ZCMO:0000782Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of blood pressure in the pulmonary artery.pulmonary artery (PA) blood pressure measurementpulmonary artery pressureorgan tumorous lesion measurement2012-06-26T11:34:46ZCMO:0000859Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of an organ lesion which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors, preneoplastic lesions, and hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells.organ non-tumorous lesion measurement2012-06-26T11:46:40ZCMO:0000860Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of an organ lesion which is not neoplastic in origin. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. Examples of non-tumorous lesions would include wounds, sores, ulcers, infarctions, etc.heart non-tumorous lesion measurement2012-06-26T12:53:39ZCMO:0000861Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of a heart lesion which is not neoplastic in origin. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. Examples of non-tumorous lesions would include wounds, sores, ulcers, infarctions, etc.heart tumorous lesion measurement2012-06-26T01:22:44ZCMO:0000865Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of a lesion of the heart which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors, preneoplastic lesions, and hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells.kidney measurement2012-07-11T10:34:14ZAny measurement, morphological or physiological, involving the kidney or any part thereof.CMO:0000906Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithNot4Curationrenal blood flow rate2012-07-11T10:38:08ZCMO:0000907Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithRenal blood flow (RBF) is the volume of blood delivered to or exiting from the kidneys per unit time.renal arterial blood flow rate2012-07-11T10:44:48ZArterial renal blood flow (RBFa) is the volume of blood delivered to the kidneys per unit time via the renal arteries.CMO:0000908Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithrenal venous blood flow rate2012-07-11T10:48:22ZCMO:0000909Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithVenous renal blood flow (RBFv) is the volume of blood exiting from the kidneys per unit time via the renal veins.heart right ventricle weight to body weight ratio2012-07-11T12:08:49ZA calculated value in which the weight of the right ventricle, the lower chamber of the right side of the heart, which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung, is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio thus normalizing it to body weight.CMO:0000914Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart right ventricle weight as a percentage of body weight2012-07-11T12:09:38ZA calculated value in which the weight of the right ventricle, the lower chamber of the right side of the heart, which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung, is presented as percentage of the total weight of the body thus normalizing it to body weight.CMO:0000915Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart left ventricle morphological measurement2012-07-18T04:24:26ZAny measurement of the physical form or structure of the left ventricle of the heart. The left ventricle is the lower chamber of the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body.CMO:0000951Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithNote, "left" in this context refers to the perspective of the organism, not that of the
observer.heart right ventricle morphological measurement2012-07-18T04:30:51ZAny measurement of the physical form or structure of the right ventricle of the heart. The right ventricle is the lower chamber of the right side of the heart (from the perspective of the organism rather than the observer), which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung.CMO:0000952Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithblood vessel lesion measurement2012-07-26T10:04:12ZCMO:0000962Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of a localized pathological change in structure of a blood vessel due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined.calculated blood vessel diameter measurement2012-07-26T12:15:46ZA measurement of blood vessel diameter which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation.CMO:0000963Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithNot4Curationblood vessel wall thickness2012-07-26T12:18:48ZCMO:0000964Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated blood vessel wall thickness measurement2012-07-26T12:20:54ZA measurement of the depth of the wall of a blood vessel which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation.CMO:0000965Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithNot4Curationartery wall thickness2012-07-26T12:23:13ZA measurement of the depth of the wall of an artery, one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues.CMO:0000966Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated artery wall thickness measurement2012-07-26T12:27:42ZA measurement of the depth of the wall of an artery which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. An artery is one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues.CMO:0000967Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithNot4Curationartery diameter2012-07-26T12:32:00ZCMO:0000968Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithblood vessel inner diameter2012-07-26T12:39:26ZCMO:0000969Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a blood vessel, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall.blood vessel lumen diameterblood vessel outer diameter2012-07-26T12:41:25ZCMO:0000970Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a blood vessel, passing through its center and ending on either side at the outer surface of the blood vessel wall.artery inner diameter2012-07-26T12:43:00ZCMO:0000971Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe length of a line which crosses a transverse view of an artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall.artery lumen diameterartery outer diameter2012-07-26T12:44:18ZCMO:0000972Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe length of a line which crosses a transverse view of an artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the outer surface of the blood vessel wall.calculated artery diameter measurement2012-07-26T12:48:55ZCMO:0000973Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the length of a line which crosses a transverse view of an artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at either the inner surface or outer surface of the blood vessel wall, which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation.Not4Curationartery measurement2012-07-26T12:57:08ZAny measurement of one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues.CMO:0000974Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithartery lesion measurement2012-07-26T12:59:52ZCMO:0000975Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of any localized pathological change in structure of an artery, one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues, due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined.calculated artery lesion measurement2012-07-26T02:04:57ZCMO:0000976Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation of any localized pathological change in structure of an artery due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined.Not4Curationcalculated blood vessel lesion measurement2012-07-26T02:13:01ZCMO:0000977Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation of any localized pathological change in structure of a blood vessel due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined.Not4Curationblood vessel wall thickness to blood vessel inner diameter ratio2012-07-26T02:14:51ZA calculated measurement in which the ratio of the wall thickness (WT) of a blood vessel is divided by the inner diameter (ID) of that vessel at that location, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, for example, WT/ID x 100. This measurement is often used to assess stenosis, a pathological narrowing of a blood vessel.CMO:0000978Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithblood vessel stenosis measurementblood vessel wall thickness as percentage of blood vessel inner diameterblood vessel wall thickness as percentage of blood vessel lumen diameterartery wall thickness to artery inner diameter ratio2012-07-26T02:16:51ZCMO:0000979Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithRatio of the wall thickness (WT) of an artery to inner diameter (ID) of that artery at that location, usually expressed as a percentage, i.e. WT/ID x 100, but could also be expressed as a ratio, fraction or quotient. This measurement can be used to assess stenosis, a pathological narrowing of a blood vessel.arterial stenosis measurementartery wall thickness as percentage of artery inner diameterartery wall thickness as percentage of artery lumen diametercalculated artery inner diameter measurement2012-07-26T02:25:16ZA measurement of the length of a line which crosses a transverse view of an artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall, after that measurement has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.CMO:0000980Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithNot4Curationventricle contraction measurement2012-07-26T03:24:53ZAny measurement of components of the periodic tightening and loosening of the muscles of a ventricle of the heart.CMO:0000981Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart left ventricle end-diastolic diameter2012-07-27T03:14:05ZCMO:0000982Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithLVDDLVEDDThe diameter across the left ventricle of the heart at the end of diastole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally relaxed, and usually corresponds to its largest diameter.left ventricular end-diastolic dimensionheart left ventricle end-systolic diameter2012-07-27T03:32:16ZCMO:0000983Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithLVESDLVSDThe diameter across the left ventricle of the heart at the end of systole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally contracted, and usually corresponds to its smallest diameter.left ventricular end-systolic dimensioncalculated heart left ventricle morphological measurement2012-07-27T03:42:40ZA measurement of the physical form or structure of the left ventricle of the heart which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. The heart left ventricle is the lower chamber of the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body.CMO:0000984Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart left ventricle fractional shortening2012-07-27T03:51:33ZA calculated measurement corresponding to the ratio or percent reduction in left ventricular diameter between end-diastole and end-systole. Can be calculated as the left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) minus the left ventricle end-systolic diameter (LVSd) divided by the left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) with the quotient multiplied by 100, i.e. FS = [(LVDd-LVSd)/LVDd] x 100.CMO:0000985Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart left ventricle anterior wall thickness2012-07-27T04:11:09ZCMO:0000986Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe thickness or depth of the ventral/anterior wall of the left ventricle of the heart. The ventral/anterior wall is the portion of the muscle enclosing the ventricle which is farthest from the spine and closest to the chest wall of the organism.heart left ventricle ventral wall thicknessheart ventricle septal wall thickness2012-07-27T05:59:34ZCMO:0000987Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithSWTThe thickness or depth of the septal wall of the heart ventricles. The septal wall is the portion of the heart left ventricle ventral/anterior wall and right ventricle dorsal/posterior wall which is shared between the ventricles.antero-septal wall thicknessheart interventricular septum thicknessheart ventricle septal wall thicknessheart ventricle septum thicknessheart left ventricle relative wall thickness2012-07-27T06:00:34ZA calculated measurement of left ventricular geometry and is calculated by dividing the end-diastolic diameter into 2x the posterior wall thickness, 2x the septal wall thickness or the sum of the posterior and septal wall thicknesses. It represents a measure of the wall thickness normalized to the size of the ventricle lumen.CMO:0000988Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart left ventricle end-diastolic relative wall thickness2012-07-27T06:15:29ZA calculated measurement of left ventricular geometry and is calculated by dividing the end-diastolic diameter into 2x the posterior wall thickness at end-diastole, 2x the septal wall thickness at end-diastole or the sum of the posterior and septal wall thicknesses at end-diastole. It represents a measure of the wall thickness normalized to the size of the ventricle lumen.CMO:0000989Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart anterior wall thickness2012-07-30T10:15:23ZCMO:0000990Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe thickness or depth of the ventral/anterior wall of the heart. The ventral wall is the portion of the heart muscle which is farthest from the spine and closest to the chest wall of the organism.heart ventral wall thicknesscalculated heart wall thickness measurement2012-07-30T10:31:58ZCMO:0000991Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithNot4Curationheart relative wall thickness2012-07-30T11:04:28ZCMO:0000992Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart ventricle relative wall thickness2012-07-30T11:05:55ZCMO:0000993Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithmean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening2012-07-30T01:25:59ZCMO:0000994Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe extent of shortening of the minor internal circumference (at the midpoint of the long axis) between end-diastole and end-systole, divided by the time required for shortening.mean VCFmean circumferential fiber shortening rateheart right ventricle anterior wall thickness2012-07-30T02:57:57ZCMO:0000996Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe thickness or depth of the ventral/anterior wall of the right ventricle of the heart. The ventral wall is the portion of the muscle enclosing the ventricle which is farthest from the spine and closest to the chest wall of the organism.heart right ventricle ventral wall thicknesssuperficial glomerulus count2012-08-02T01:00:46ZCMO:0001000Clinical_Measurement.ontologyCount of the number of glomeruli located in the superficial layer of the renal cortex, the cortex corticis. Glomeruli are the tufts of capillaries each situated within a Bowman's capsule at the end of a renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney that filter waste products from the blood and thus initiate urine formation.JSmithsuperficial glomeruli countcount of superficial glomeruli directly contacting the kidney surface2012-08-02T01:14:28ZCMO:0001001Clinical_Measurement.ontologyCount of the number of glomeruli located in the superficial layer of the renal cortex, the cortex corticis, and directly in contact with the surface of the kidney, i.e. the renal capsule. Glomeruli are the tufts of capillaries each situated within a Bowman's capsule at the end of a renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney that filter waste products from the blood and thus initiate urine formation.JSmithsurface glomeruli countcount of superficial glomeruli not directly contacting the kidney surface2012-08-02T01:15:32ZCMO:0001002Clinical_Measurement.ontologyCount of the number of glomeruli located in the superficial layer of the renal cortex, the cortex corticis but without any direct contact with the surface of the kidney, i.e. the renal capsule. Glomeruli are the tufts of capillaries each situated within a Bowman's capsule at the end of a renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney that filter waste products from the blood and thus initiate urine formation.JSmithheart infarction volume2012-08-03T06:05:33ZCMO:0001015Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithchange in diastolic blood pressure2012-08-03T06:17:05ZCMO:0001016Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of any change or difference in the diastolic blood pressure between two points or two conditions. The diastolic pressure is the minimum arterial pressure within the cardiac cycle, usually at the point at which the heart is in a state of relaxation and expansion. This is the time when the ventricles fill with blood.Not4Curationpercent change in diastolic blood pressure2012-08-03T06:19:27ZCMO:0001017Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe relative difference in the diastolic blood pressure between two points or two conditions, expressed as a percentage. The diastolic pressure is the minimum arterial pressure within the cardiac cycle, usually at the point at which the heart is in a state of relaxation and expansion. This is the time when the ventricles fill with blood.absolute change in left ventricular systolic blood pressure2012-08-13T01:16:23ZCMO:0001019Calculated measurement of a difference in the pressure within the heart left ventricle at the point of maximal contraction, when the blood is forced from the left ventricle into the aorta, between two points in time or two conditions expressed as the result of the subtraction in and of itself without comparison by ratio with another quantity.Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign.head temperature2012-08-23T03:27:50ZCMO:0001035Clinical_Measurement.ontologyTemperature measured at the surface of or within the head of an experimental subject. Because the temperature of the head/brain can influence neurological measurements, head temperature is or can be considered to be distinct from core body temperature.cranial temperaturejsmithcore body temperature2012-08-23T04:06:16ZCMO:0001036Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe temperature of the internal tissues and organs of the body.core temperaturejsmithcalculated heart left ventricle weight2012-09-13T06:09:33ZA measurement which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation of the weight of the left ventricle of the heart, that is, its the heaviness or degree to which it is drawn toward the earth by gravity. The heart left ventricle is the lower chamber of the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body.CMO:0001123Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated heart right ventricle weight2012-09-13T06:11:08ZCMO:0001124Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated heart right ventricle morphological measurement2012-09-13T06:14:55ZCMO:0001125Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcerebral artery inner diameter2012-10-03T05:31:53ZCMO:0001126Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a cerebral artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall. The cerebral arteries are those which supply blood to the brain, more specifically, to the cerebrum.cerebral artery lumen diameteranterior cerebral artery inner diameter2012-10-03T05:39:47ZACA inner diameterCMO:0001127Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe length of a line which crosses a transverse view of an anterior cerebral artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall. The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is one of a pair of arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the most medial portions of the frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes of the brain.anterior cerebral artery lumen diametermiddle cerebral artery inner diameter2012-10-03T05:48:00ZCMO:0001128Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMCA inner diameterThe length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a middle cerebral artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall. The middle cerebral arteries are the largest of the cerebral arteries and supply blood to the lateral cerebral cortex, anterior temporal lobes and insular cortices of the brain.middle cerebral artery lumen diameterposterior cerebral artery inner diameter2012-10-03T05:59:18ZCMO:0001129Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithPCA inner diameterThe length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a posterior cerebral artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall. The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is one of a pair of blood vessels that supply blood to the posterior aspect, i.e. the occipital lobe, of the brain.posterior cerebral artery lumen diameterkidney lesion measurement2012-10-08T02:59:36ZCMO:0001130Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of a lesion in kidney, he organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined.kidney non-tumorous lesion measurement2012-10-08T03:01:39ZCMO:0001131Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of a lesion in the kidney, he organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, which is not neoplastic in origin. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. Examples of non-tumorous lesions would include wounds, sores, ulcers, infarctions, etc.kidney tumorous lesion measurement2012-10-08T03:03:01ZCMO:0001132Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of a lesion in the kidney, he organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors, preneoplastic lesions, and hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells.kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion measurement2012-10-08T03:09:04ZAny measurement of lesions resulting from fibrosis, scarring or hyaline deposits within a kidney glomerulus, a tuft of capillaries situated within a Bowman's capsule at the end of a renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney, that filters waste products from the blood and thus initiates urine formation.CMO:0001133Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney glomerulosclerosis measurementrenal glomerulosclerosis measurementrenal glomerulosclerotic lesion measurementcalculated kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion measurement2012-10-08T03:43:25ZA measurement of lesions resulting from fibrosis, scarring or hyaline deposits within one or more kidney glomeruli which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation.CMO:0001134Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated kidney glomerulosclerosis measurementcalculated renal glomerulosclerosis measurementcalculated renal glomerulosclerotic lesion measurementindex of glomerular damage2012-10-08T03:45:56ZA measurement of lesions resulting from fibrosis, scarring or hyaline deposits within kidney glomeruli which is derived from a combination of multiple measurements and/or objective or subjective severity scores according to a specified formula or set of criteria.CMO:0001135Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithglomerular damage composite scoreglomerulosclerosis composite scoreglomerulosclerosis damage indexmuscle measurement2012-10-12T05:28:37ZAny measurement, morphological or physiological of a muscle or a group of muscles. Muscles are organs or tissues composed of bundles of fibers that have the power to contract and hence to produce movement.CMO:0001158Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney glomerulus morphological measurement2012-10-15T11:45:27ZCMO:0001165Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the physical form or structure of one or more glomeruli in the kidney. Glomeruli are the tufts of capillaries each situated within a Bowman's capsule at the end of a renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney that filter waste products from the blood and thus initiate urine formation.kidney glomerulus diameter2012-10-15T11:48:00ZCMO:0001166Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe length of a straight line passing through the center of a kidney glomerulus and connecting opposite points on its circumference.kidney glomerular diametercalculated renal blood flow rate2012-10-15T11:55:42ZA measurement of the volume of blood delivered to or exiting from the kidneys per unit time, which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation.CMO:0001167Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithabsolute change in renal blood flow rate2012-10-15T11:59:32ZCMO:0001168Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe difference in the volume of blood delivered to or exiting from the kidneys per unit time between two points in time or two conditions expressed as the result of the subtraction in and of itself without comparison by ratio with another quantity.The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign.kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion count2012-10-22T12:14:30ZCMO:0001175Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe number of kidney glomeruli with lesions resulting from fibrosis, scarring or hyaline deposits, or the number of such lesions in a specified sample.damaged glomeruli countnumber of sclerotic glomerulisclerotic glomeruli countsclerotic glomerulus countkidney protein/peptide composition measurement2012-10-22T01:31:20ZAny measurement involving the composition, that is, the absolute amount, relative amount or type of one or more proteins (complex high molecular weight organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages) or peptides (low molecular weight compounds composed of at least two amino acids joined by peptide linkages) in kidney.CMO:0001177Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney tissue protein/peptide composition measurementrenal cortex measurement2012-10-22T03:13:42ZAny measurement, morphological or physiological of the outer part of the kidney, composed mainly of glomeruli and convoluted tubules.CMO:0001178Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney cortex measurementrenal medulla measurement2012-10-22T03:20:09ZAny measurement, morphological or physiological, of the renal medulla, the innermost part of the kidney which contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood.CMO:0001179Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney medulla measurementrenal medulla protein measurement2012-10-22T03:28:36ZAny measurement involving the amount, composition or type of protein, the complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in kidney medulla, the innermost part of the kidney which contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood.CMO:0001180Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney medulla protein measurementrenal cortex protein measurement2012-10-22T03:31:18ZAny measurement involving the amount, composition or type of protein, the complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in renal cortex, the outer part of the kidney, composed mainly of glomeruli and convoluted tubules.CMO:0001181Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney cortex protein measurementcalculated kidney protein composition measurement2012-10-22T03:34:08ZA measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the composition, that is, the absolute amount, relative amount or type, of protein (the complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages) in kidney.CMO:0001182Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated renal protein composition measurementcalculated renal cortex protein composition measurement2012-10-22T03:41:53ZA measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation involving the amount, composition or type of protein in the kidney cortex, the outer part of the kidney, composed mainly of glomeruli and convoluted tubules.CMO:0001183Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated kidney cortex protein composition measurementcalculated renal medulla protein composition measurement2012-10-22T03:43:38ZA measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation involving the amount, composition or type of protein in the renal medulla, the innermost part of the kidney which contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood.CMO:0001184Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated kidney medulla protein composition measurementkidney TRPV4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratio2012-10-22T04:00:13ZA calculated value in which the amount of TRPV4 protein in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the amount of beta-actin protein in the same or a corresponding sample of kidney and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to the beta-actin protein level.CMO:0001185Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithrenal TRPV4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratiorenal cortex TRPV4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratio2012-10-22T04:33:48ZA calculated value in which the amount of TRPV4 protein in a specified sample of renal cortex is divided by the amount of beta-actin protein in the same or a corresponding sample of renal cortex and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to the beta-actin protein level.CMO:0001186Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney cortex TRPV4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratiorenal medulla TRPV4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratio2012-10-22T04:35:29ZA calculated value in which the amount of TRPV4 protein in a specified sample of renal medulla is divided by the amount of beta-actin protein in the same or a corresponding sample of renal medulla and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to the beta-actin protein level.CMO:0001187Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney medulla TRPV4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratiocalculated cerebral artery inner diameter measurement2012-10-23T10:05:50ZCMO:0001188Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a cerebral artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall, after that measurement has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. The cerebral arteries are those which supply blood to the brain, more specifically, to the cerebrum.calculated middle cerebral artery inner diameter measurement2012-10-23T10:06:14ZCMO:0001189Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a middle cerebral artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall, after that measurement has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. The middle cerebral arteries are the largest of the cerebral arteries and supply blood to the lateral cerebral cortex, anterior temporal lobes and insular cortices of the brain.percent change in middle cerebral artery inner diameter2012-10-23T10:09:32ZA calculated measurement of the relative difference in the middle cerebral artery inner diameter between a treated state and a control state or between two points in time, expressed as a percentage.CMO:0001190Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart left ventricle end-diastolic area2012-11-12T15:45:39ZA measurement of the extent of a two-dimensional plane through the left ventricle of the heart at the end of diastole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally relaxed, and usually corresponds to its largest diameter.CMO:0001191Clinical_Measurement.ontologyEDAJSmithLVAdLVDaheart left ventricle end-systolic area2012-11-12T15:47:47ZA measurement of the extent of a two-dimensional plane through the left ventricle of the heart at the end of systole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally contracted, and usually corresponds to its smallest diameter.CMO:0001192Clinical_Measurement.ontologyESAJSmithLVAsLVSaheart weight to tibia length ratio2012-11-15T15:35:17ZA calculated value in which the weight of the heart, the chambered, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood, is divided by the length of the tibia, the inner and larger bone of the lower leg or hindlimb, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to the length of the leg and, by extension, to the length of the body.CMO:0001198Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithboth kidneys wet weight to tibia length ratio2012-11-15T15:38:38ZA calculated value in which the total weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of both kidneys is divided by the length of the tibia, the inner and larger bone of the lower leg or hindlimb, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to the length of the leg and, by extension, to the length of the body.CMO:0001199Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithchange in mean arterial blood pressure to change in intracerebroventricular sodium concentration ratio2013-01-07T13:24:24ZA calculated measurement of the ratio between the change in mean arterial blood pressure and the concentration of sodium infused directly into the ventricle(s) of the brain; calculated as the slope of the curve of mean arterial blood pressure versus intracerebroventricular-infused sodium concentration.CMO:0001230Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithchange in heart rate to change in intracerebroventricular sodium concentration ratio2013-01-07T13:34:46ZA calculated measurement of the ratio between the change in heart rate and the concentration of sodium infused directly into the ventricle(s) of the brain; calculated as the slope of the curve of heart rate versus intracerebroventricular-infused sodium concentration.CMO:0001231Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithratio of change in renal blood flow to change in renal perfusion pressure2013-01-07T15:55:09ZA value calculated by dividing the proportionate change in renal blood flow (RBF) by the proportionate change in renal perfusion pressure (RPP), i.e. (RBF2 - RBF1)/RBF1 divided by (RPP2 - RPP1)/RPP1.CMO:0001239Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithautoregulatory indexratio of renal blood flow change to renal perfusion pressure changekidney fibrotic lesion measurement2013-01-08T14:41:50ZAny measurement of a lesion in the kidney characterized by an abnormal proliferation of fibrous connective tissue. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined.CMO:0001254Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney fibrotic lesion size measurement2013-01-08T14:54:45ZAny measurement of the physical dimensions, proportions, magnitude, or extent of a lesion in the kidney characterized by an abnormal proliferation of fibrous connective tissue. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined.CMO:0001255Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney fibrotic lesion area measurement2013-01-08T15:03:27ZA measurement of the extent of a two-dimensional surface of or plane through a single kidney fibrotic lesion, or a measurement of the total area occupied by fibrotic lesions in a cross-section of the kidney.CMO:0001256Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated kidney fibrotic lesion area measurement2013-01-08T15:17:52ZA measurement of the extent of a two-dimensional surface of or plane through a single kidney fibrotic lesion, or a measurement of the total area occupied by fibrotic lesions in a cross-section of the kidney, when that value has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation.CMO:0001257Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney fibrotic lesion area to total kidney area ratio2013-01-08T15:20:55ZA calculated value in which the extent of the two-dimensional surface occupied by fibrotic lesions is divided by the total extent of the two-dimensional surface of the kidney and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to the size of the kidney.CMO:0001258Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney sclerotic glomeruli count to total glomeruli count ratio2013-01-08T16:28:12ZA calculated value in which the number of glomeruli with lesions resulting from fibrosis, scarring or hyaline deposits is divided by the total number of glomeruli in a specified sample of kidney and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to the total number of glomeruli.CMO:0001176CMO:0001269Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney glomerulosclerotic lesion count to total glomeruli count ratiosclerotic glomeruli to total glomeruli ratiototal heart ventricle weight2013-01-09T15:09:49ZCMO:0001316Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe combined weight of both ventricles of the heart, that is, their heaviness or the degree to which they are drawn toward the earth by gravity. The ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood away from the heart either to the lungs to be oxygenated or, once oxygenated, to the rest of the body.calculated total heart ventricle weight2013-01-09T16:00:43ZA measurement of the combined weight of both heart ventricles that has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation.CMO:0001317Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithNot4Curationtotal heart ventricle weight as a percentage of body weight2013-01-09T16:03:12ZA calculated value in which the combined weight of both the left and right ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood away from the heart either to the lungs to be oxygenated or, once oxygenated, to the rest of the body, is presented as percentage of the total weight of the body thus normalizing it to body weight.CMO:0001318Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithartery lumen measurement2013-01-15T10:37:51ZAny measurement of the cavity or channel within an artery, one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues.CMO:0001408Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithartery lumen area2013-01-15T10:50:23ZA measurement of the two-dimensional extent of the enclosed cavity or channel in a cross-section of an artery, one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues.CMO:0001409Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithartery wall measurement2013-01-15T11:04:30ZAny measurement of the fibrous and muscular structure of one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues. The wall of an artery is composed of three layers: the tunica intima, the inner coat; the tunica media, the middle coat; and the tunica adventitia, the outer coat.CMO:0001410Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmitharterial wall measurementartery tunica media measurement2013-01-15T11:17:48ZAny measurement of the tunica media, or middle coat, of the wall of an artery, one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues.CMO:0001411Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmitharterial tunica media measurementartery tunica media area2013-01-15T11:21:04ZA direct measurement of two dimensional extent of the tunica media, the middle coat of the arterial wall, in a cross-section of an artery, one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues. The total area of the tunica media gives an indication of the thickness of the arterial wall.CMO:0001412Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmitharterial tunica media areamedia area (MA) of arteryartery tunica media width2013-01-15T11:34:35ZA calculated measurement of the average width of the tunica media, the middle coat of the arterial wall. Can be calculated using the media area and the length of the internal elastic lamina.CMO:0001413Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmitharterial tunica media widthmedia width (MW) of arteryartery neointimal hyperplastic lesion area2013-01-15T12:10:01ZA measurement of the extent of a two-dimensional surface of or plane through a single hyperplastic lesion of the tunica intima, that is, the inner coat of the arterial wall, or a measurement of the total area occupied by hyperplastic lesions of the tunica intima in a cross-section of an artery, one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues. A hyperplastic lesion is a localized pathological increase in the number of cells of an organ or tissue resulting from an increased rate of cellular division due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined.CMO:0001414Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithartery intimal hyperplastic lesion areaneointimal hyperplasia area of arterycalculated artery neointimal hyperplastic lesion area2013-01-15T12:33:00ZAny measurement of one or more hyperplastic lesions of the arterial tunica intima which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process.CMO:0001415Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated arterial intima hyperplasia areaartery neointimal hyperplastic lesion area to total wall area ratio2013-01-15T12:33:16ZA calculated measurement in which the area of the arterial tunica intima occupied by one or more hyperplastic lesions is divided by the total cross-sectional area of the artery wall and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.CMO:0001416Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithratio of neointimal hyperplasia area to total wall area of arterylesioned artery residual lumen area2013-01-15T12:50:46ZCMO:0001417Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe area of the arterial lumen remaining when the luminal space is restricted by a pathological process, e.g. hyperplasia.residual lumen area of diseased arteryboth kidneys dry weight2013-01-16T13:36:09ZCMO:0001425Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe weight after desiccation of both kidneys, the paired organs which function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.single kidney dry weight2013-01-16T13:36:57ZCMO:0001426Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe weight after desiccation of a single kidney, one of the paired organs which function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.individual kidney dry weightaorta measurement2013-01-21T16:32:31ZAny measurement of the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds.CMO:0001474Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithaorta morphological measurement2013-01-21T16:37:23ZAny quantification of the physical form or structure of the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds.CMO:0001475Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithblood flow velocity2013-01-25T12:50:21ZCMO:0001476Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe speed at which the blood flows through the circulatory system or through a specific segment of a vein or artery, expressed as distance per unit of time.arterial blood flow velocity2013-01-25T12:56:43ZCMO:0001477Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe speed at which the blood flows through an artery, expressed as distance per unit of time.aortic blood flow velocity2013-01-25T13:10:05ZCMO:0001478Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe speed at which the blood flows through the aorta, the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds, expressed as distance per unit of time.aortic blood flow measurement2013-01-25T13:15:01ZAny measurement of the movement of blood through the aorta, the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds.CMO:0001479Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithaortic blood flow rate2013-01-25T13:18:41ZCMO:0001480Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe volume of blood flowing through the aorta, the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds, per unit of time.peak aortic velocity2013-01-25T13:21:50ZCMO:0001481Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe maximum speed at which the blood flows through the aorta during the cardiac cycle, expressed as distance per unit of time.aortic peak velocity (APV)maximum aortic velocitypeak aortic blood flow velocitypeak of aortic outflow velocity (PAV)heart isovolumetric relaxation time2013-01-25T13:29:29ZCMO:0001482Clinical_Measurement.ontologyIVRTJSmithThe length of time in the cardiac cycle between the closing of the aortic and pulmonic/pulmonary semilunar valves and opening of the atrioventricular (AV) valves marking the beginning of ventricular filling. Used as an indicator of diastolic dysfunction.heart left atrium morphological measurement2013-01-25T13:35:08ZCMO:0001483Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the physical form or structure of the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the left ventricle.heart right atrium morphological measurement2013-01-25T13:42:05ZCMO:0001484Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the physical form or structure of the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the right ventricle.heart left atrium end-systolic diameter2013-01-25T13:51:15ZCMO:0001485Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe distance between two specified opposite points on the periphery of the left atrium of the heart at the end of systole, that is, when the left ventricle is maximally contracted, and usually corresponds to the left atrium's largest diameter.heart left atrium end-diastolic diameter2013-01-25T15:50:33ZCMO:0001486Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe distance between two specified opposite points on the periphery of the left atrium of the heart at the end of diastole, that is, when the left ventricle is maximally dilated, and usually corresponds to the left atrium's smallest diameter.calculated heart left atrium morphological measurement2013-01-25T15:51:30ZA measurement of the physical form or structure of the left atrium, the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the left ventricle, which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation.CMO:0001487Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart left atrium fractional shortening2013-01-25T16:00:18ZA calculated measurement corresponding to the ratio or percent reduction in left atrial diameter between end-systole and end-diastole. It is calculated as the left atrium end-systolic diameter (LADs) minus the left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (LADd) divided by the left atrium end-systolic diameter (LADs).CMO:0001488Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithblood mononuclear cell count2013-01-28T16:41:10ZCMO:0001495Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the number of white blood cells, including lymphocytes and monocytes, with a single round or oval nucleus in a specified volume of blood.mononuclear leukocyte countcalculated blood flow measurement2013-01-30T14:16:47ZA measurement of the movement of blood through one or more vessels or organs in the body which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation.CMO:0001543Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithmyocardium measurement2013-03-15T17:22:25ZAny measurement of the thick contractile middle layer of uniquely constructed and arranged muscle cells that forms the bulk of the heart wall.CMO:0001544Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithmyocardial flow rate2013-03-15T17:29:25ZCMO:0001545Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe volume of fluid flowing into, out of or through the blood vessels and microvasculature of the myocardium, the thick contractile middle layer of uniquely constructed and arranged muscle cells that forms the bulk of the heart wall, per unit time.myocardial clearance rate2013-03-15T17:38:35ZCMO:0001546Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the amount of radioactive or other tracer is lost from the myocardium, the thick contractile middle layer of uniquely constructed and arranged muscle cells that forms the bulk of the heart wall, per unit time.blood vessel smooth muscle measurement2013-06-18T10:33:25ZA value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of vascular smooth muscle, the contractile soft tissue having fine myofibrils but lacking transverse striations composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels, the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body.CMO:0001640Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithNot4Curationvascular smooth muscle measurementaorta wall morphological measurement2013-06-18T10:41:10ZAny quantification of the physical form or structure of the layered tissue which encloses and constitutes the structural component of the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds.CMO:0001641Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithaortic wall morphological measurementaorta smooth muscle cell count2013-06-18T10:42:34ZCMO:0001642Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the total number of cells, membrane-enclosed protoplasmic masses constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, in a specified sample of the aorta smooth muscle, the contractile soft tissue having fine myofibrils but lacking transverse striations composing the majority of the wall of the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds.aortic smooth muscle cell countblood vessel smooth muscle cell count2013-06-18T11:29:28ZCMO:0001643Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the total number of cells, membrane-enclosed protoplasmic masses constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, in a specified sample of vascular smooth muscle, the contractile soft tissue having fine myofibrils but lacking transverse striations composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels, the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body.vascular smooth muscle cell countcalculated blood vessel smooth muscle cell count2013-06-18T12:57:40ZA measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation of the total number of cells, membrane-enclosed protoplasmic masses constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, in a specified sample of vascular smooth muscle, the contractile soft tissue having fine myofibrils but lacking transverse striations composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels, the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body.CMO:0001644Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated vascular smooth muscle cell countcalculated aorta smooth muscle cell count2013-06-18T12:59:11ZA measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation of the total number of cells, membrane-enclosed protoplasmic masses constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, in a specified sample of the aorta smooth muscle, the contractile soft tissue having fine myofibrils but lacking transverse striations composing the majority of the wall of the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds.CMO:0001645Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated aortic smooth muscle cell countaorta smooth muscle cell count per unit vessel length2013-06-18T13:25:39ZA calculated value in which the total number of cells, membrane-enclosed protoplasmic masses constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, in a specified sample of the aorta smooth muscle, the contractile soft tissue having fine myofibrils but lacking transverse striations composing the majority of the wall of the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds, is divided by the length of the smooth muscle section in which that number is determined.CMO:0001646Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithaortic smooth muscle cell count per unit vessel lengthheart left ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content2013-06-18T14:44:11ZCMO:0001647Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe amount of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecule composed of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, extracted from or contained in the heart left ventricle, the lower chamber of the left side of the heart (from the perspective of the organism rather than the observer), which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body.heart LV DNA contentheart left ventricle DNA contentcalculated heart left ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content2013-06-18T14:46:40ZA measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the amount of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecule composed of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, extracted from or contained in the heart left ventricle, the lower chamber of the left side of the heart (from the perspective of the organism rather than the observer), which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body.CMO:0001648Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated heart LV DNA contentcalculated heart left ventricle DNA contentheart left ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content to body weight ratio2013-06-18T14:49:33ZA calculated measurement in which amount of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecule composed of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, extracted from or contained in the heart left ventricle, the lower chamber of the left side of the heart (from the perspective of the organism rather than the observer), which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body, is divided by the total weight or heaviness of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.CMO:0001649Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart LV DNA content to body weight ratioheart left ventricle DNA content to BW ratioheart left ventricle DNA content to body weight ratioheart right ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content2013-06-18T14:52:32ZCMO:0001650Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe amount of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecule composed of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, extracted from or contained in the heart right ventricle, the lower chamber of the right side of the heart (from the perspective of the organism rather than the observer), which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung.heart RV DNA contentheart right ventricle DNA contentcalculated heart right ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content2013-06-18T14:54:27ZA measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the amount of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecule composed of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, extracted from or contained in the heart right ventricle, the lower chamber of the right side of the heart (from the perspective of the organism rather than the observer), which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung.CMO:0001651Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated heart RV DNA contentcalculated heart right ventricle DNA contentheart right ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content to body weight ratio2013-06-18T14:56:34ZA calculated measurement in which amount of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecule composed of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, extracted from or contained in the heart right ventricle, the lower chamber of the right side of the heart (from the perspective of the organism rather than the observer), which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung, is divided by the total weight or heaviness of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.CMO:0001652Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart RV DNA content to body weight ratioheart right ventricle DNA content to BW ratioheart right ventricle DNA content to body weight ratioreceptor-independent blood vessel maximum contractile force2013-06-20T14:09:54ZCMO:0001653Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the highest achievable amount of energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from a contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel which does not involve the action of a receptor, a molecule on the surface or within a cell that recognizes and binds with specific molecules, producing a specific effect.blood vessel receptor-independent maximum contractilityreceptor-dependent blood vessel maximum contractile force2013-06-20T14:10:59ZCMO:0001654Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the highest achievable amount of energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from a contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel which is instigated by the activation of a receptor, a molecule on the surface or within a cell that recognizes and binds with specific molecules, producing a specific effect.blood vessel receptor-dependent maximum contractilitycalculated blood vessel maximum contractile force measurement2013-06-20T14:12:17ZA measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the highest achievable amount of energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel.CMO:0001655Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithreceptor-dependent blood vessel maximum contractile force to receptor-independent blood vessel maximum contractile force ratio2013-06-20T14:14:00ZA calculated measurement in which the receptor-dependent maximum contractile force of a blood vessel is divided by the receptor-independent maximum contractile force of a blood vessel and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The maximum contractile force of a blood vessel is the highest achievable amount of energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from a contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel. Receptor-dependent refers to such a contraction which is instigated by the activation of a receptor, a molecule on the surface or within a cell that recognizes and binds with specific molecules, producing a specific effect. Receptor-independent denotes such a contraction that does not involve the action of a receptor.CMO:0001656Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithblood vessel receptor-dependent contractility to receptor-independent contractility ratioreceptor-dependent blood vessel maximum contractile force exoressed as a percentage of receptor-independent blood vessel maximum contractile forceconcentration of angiotensin II at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (EC50)2013-06-20T14:22:08ZA calculated value for the concentration of angiotensin II (AngII), the octapeptide, Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe, that is derived from angiotensinogen and acts as a powerful vasopressor and stimulator of aldosterone secretion, at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of AngII is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such AngII-induced contractile energy.Ang2 half maximal effective concentrationAngII half maximal effective concentrationCHEBI:48432CMO:0001657Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithangiotensin 2 half maximal effective concentrationangiotensin II half maximal effective concentration (EC50)logarithm of the concentration of angiotensin II at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (Log EC50)2013-06-20T14:24:41ZA calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of angiotensin II (AngII), the octapeptide, Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe, that is derived from angiotensinogen and acts as a powerful vasopressor and stimulator of aldosterone secretion, at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of AngII is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such AngII-induced contractile energy. The logarithm of the concentration is the exponent indicating the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that concentration value.Ang2 Log half maximal effective concentrationAngII Log half maximal effective concentrationCHEBI:48432CMO:0001658Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithangiotensin 2 Log half maximal effective concentrationangiotensin II Log half maximal effective concentration (EC50)angiotensin II response/sensitivity measurement2013-06-20T15:45:33ZCHEBI:48432CMO:0001659Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of an organism's, organ's, tissue's or cell's capacity to respond, such as by a change in activity, state or condition, to angiotensin II (AngII), the octapeptide, Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe, that is derived from angiotensinogen and acts as a powerful vasopressor and stimulator of aldosterone secretion.absolute change in left ventricular diastolic blood pressure2013-07-31T13:40:52ZCMO:0001743Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe difference in left ventricular diastolic blood pressure between two points in time or two conditions expressed as the result of the subtraction in and of itself without comparison by ratio with another quantity.The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign.absolute change in LVDBPcalculated left ventricular blood pressure2013-07-31T15:17:53ZAny measurement of the blood pressure in the left ventricle of the heart which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. Left ventricular blood pressure is the pressure, or force per area, exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the left ventricle, the lower chamber of the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body.CMO:0001744Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated left ventricular pressuremaximum rate of positive change in left ventricular blood pressure2013-07-31T15:24:11ZA calculated measurement that is used as an index to characterize the contractile ability of the heart. It is believed that maximum dP/dt is a reasonable index of the initial velocity of myocardial contraction.CMO:0001745Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithLV +dP/dt Maxpeak +LVdP/dtrate of maximum positive change in left ventricular blood pressuremaximum rate of negative change in left ventricular blood pressure2013-07-31T15:27:12ZA calculated hemodynamic measurement related to the ability of the heart left ventricle to relax. The point at which the negative pressure fall velocity reaches its peak is taken to be the onset of isovolumic relaxation of the left ventricle.CMO:0001746Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithLV -dP/dt Maxpeak -LVdP/dtrate of maximum negative change in left ventricular blood pressuretime constant of left ventricular pressure decay2013-07-31T15:29:00ZA calculated hemodynamic value related to the ability of the heart left ventricle to relax. Tau is calculated as an exponential function of the change in intraventricular pressure during the diastolic isovolumic left ventricular pressure decrease.CMO:0001747Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithtime constant of left ventricular relaxationend-systolic heart left ventricle posterior wall thickness2013-10-16T12:18:32ZCMO:0001840Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithNote that "left" in this context refers to the perspective of the organism, not that of the observer.The thickness or depth (i.e. the measurement of the two-dimensional extent of the distance between the inner and outer surfaces) of the dorsal/posterior wall of the left ventricle of the heart at the end of systole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally contracted. The dorsal wall is the portion of the muscle enclosing the ventricle which is closest to the spine and farthest from the chest wall of the organism. The left ventricle is the lower chamber of the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body.end-systolic heart left ventricle PWTkidney molecular composition measurement2013-11-04T17:14:28ZAny quantification of the amounts or proportions of proteins, lipids, minerals, nutrients, gases, or other substances ina specified sample of kidney tissue, that is, tissue from one or both of the paired organs which function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.CMO:0001852Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney lipid composition measurement2013-11-04T17:16:16ZCMO:0001853Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithQuanitification of one or more lipids in a specified sample of kidney tissue, that is, tissue from one or both of the paired organs which function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. A lipid is any of a structurally diverse group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble innonpolar solvents that, among other biological functions, serve as a source of fuel and are an important constituent of cell structure.kidney 20-HETE level2013-11-04T17:22:56ZCHEBI:34306CMO:0001854Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe amount of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, a vasoconstrictor that consists of arachidonic acid (a C20, polyunsaturated fatty acid having four (Z)-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14) bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20, in a specified sample of kidney tissue, that is, tissue from one or both of the paired organs which function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.kidney 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid levelimmune cell count2013-11-07T16:12:26ZCMO:0001865Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe number of immune cells in a specified sample. An immune cell is any cell involved in the immune system, a complex set of interconnected and interdependent cellular and molecular components having the primary functions of distinguishing self from not self and of defense against foreign organisms or substances. A cell is a membrane-enclosed protoplasmic mass constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning.absolute change in pulse pressure2013-11-08T16:00:08ZCMO:0001882Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe difference in the pulse pressure of an individual between two points in time or two conditions expressed as the result of the subtraction in and of itself without comparison by ratio with another quantity. Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures, i.e. the difference between the maximal arterial pressure and minimal arterial pressure during the cardiac cycle.The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign.compensatory renal growth score2013-11-18T15:00:01ZA calculated measurement of the degree to which a change in the size of the remaining kidney after surgical removal of the other kidney can be attributed to compensatory growth, calculated as the ratio of the normalized weight of a single kidney at the time of surgical removal divided by the similarly normalized weight of the single remaining kidney at a specified period of time after removal. The normalized kidney weight is the weight of the kidney corrected for body weight using an empirically determined allometric scaling factor (i.e., an exponential factor which adjusts for the normal increase in kidney weight due to normal growth and development of the individual). Compensatory growth is the phenomenon in which the impaired function of one organ in a paired organ system or of part of an organ in a single organ system is followed by enlargement of the surviving organ or tissue so that functional capacity is maintained. Kidney is the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.CMO:0001894CRG scoreClinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithratio of change in renal blood flow rate to kidney weight2013-11-18T16:20:39ZA calculated measurement in which the difference in the volume of blood delivered to and/or exiting from the kidneys per unit time between two points in time or two conditions is divided by the weight (heaviness or degree to which a body is drawn toward the earth by gravity) of one or both kidneys, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The kidney is the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.CMO:0001897Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithrenal vascular resistance2013-11-18T17:22:16ZA measurement of the degree to which the blood vessels of the kidneys impede the flow of blood through them. Renal vascular resistance is calculated as the renal blood flow rate divided by the mean arterial pressure.CMO:0001898Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney vascular resistancecalculated renal vascular resistance2013-11-18T17:23:40ZA measurement that has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the degree to which the blood vessels of the kidneys impede the flow of blood through them. Blood vessels are the network of muscular tubes that carry blood throughout the body. Blood is the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. Kidney is the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.CMO:0001899Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated kidney vascular resistanceabsolute change in renal vascular resistance2013-11-18T17:26:57ZCMO:0001900Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe difference in renal vascular resistance between two points in time or two conditions expressed as the result of the subtraction in and of itself without comparison by ratio with another quantity. Renal vascular resistance is the degree to which the blood vessels of the kidneys impede the flow of blood through them. Blood vessels are the network of muscular tubes that carry blood throughout the body. Blood is the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. Kidney is the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign.absolute change in kidney vascular resistanceslope of contraction-induced renal vascular resistance curve2013-11-18T17:27:01ZA calculated measurement of the slope, the ratio of vertical change to horizontal change, of the line of a graph designating the change in renal vascular resistance in response to a drug or other condition which causes constriction or reduction of the interior diameter of blood vessels. Renal vascular resistance is the degree to which the blood vessels of the kidneys impede the flow of blood through them. Blood vessels are the network of muscular tubes that carry blood throughout the body. Blood is the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. Kidney is the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.CMO:0001901Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithslope of constriction-induced renal vascular resistance curveslope of contraction-induced kidney vascular resistance curveartery internal elastic lamina non-tumorous lesion count2013-11-19T13:00:18ZCMO:0001913Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe enumeration, i.e. measurement of the total number, of defects or lesions of the internal elastic lamina which are not hyperplastic or neoplastic in origin in a specified sample of artery. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. The internal elastic lamina (IEL) is a fenestrated (perforated) layer of elastic tissue, i.e., one having the property of returning to the original shape after being distorted, that is the outermost part of the intima (innermost layer) of an artery. The IEL is the elastic layer that is situated between the tunica intima (inner layers) and tunica media (middle layers) of artery walls. An artery is any one of the branching system of muscular, elastic blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.artery internal elastic lamina defect countrenal plasma flow2013-11-19T14:28:34ZCMO:0001914Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithRPFThe amount of plasma that perfuses the kidneys per unit time. Plasma is the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. The kidneys are the paired organs that function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.renal plasma flow rateratio of the effective renal plasma flow to the weight of both kidneys2013-11-19T14:51:51ZA calculated measurement in which the effective renal plasma flow rate (eRPF) is divided by weight (i.e. the heaviness or the degree to which an object is drawn toward the earth by gravity) of both kidneys and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The eRPF is the amount of plasma that perfuses the renal tubules per unit time, derived by measurement of the clearance rate of a non-metabolizable solute such as para-aminohippurate (PAH). Plasma is the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. The kidneys are the paired organs that function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.CMO:0001915Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmitheRPF to both kidney weight ratioeffective renal plasma flow rate to both kidney weight ratioeffective renal plasma flow2013-11-19T14:52:06ZA calculated measurement of the amount of plasma that perfuses the renal tubules per unit time, derived by measurement of the clearance rate of a non-metabolizable solute such as para-aminohippurate (PAH). The effective RPF is approximately 10% less than the actual RPF. Plasma is the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. The kidneys are the paired organs that function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.CMO:0001916Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmitheRPFeffective renal plasma flow ratecalculated renal plasma flow2013-11-19T14:52:10ZA measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the amount of plasma that perfuses the kidneys per unit time. Plasma is the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. The kidneys are the paired organs that function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.CMO:0001917Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated RPFcalculated renal plasma flow ratecalculated single kidney weight2013-11-26T15:36:46ZAny measurement that has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the weight of only one of the kidneys, the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.CMO:0001951Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated both kidneys weight2013-11-26T15:39:42ZAny measurement that has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the weight of both (the complete set of two) of the kidneys, the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes.CMO:0001952Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithright kidney wet weight to body weight ratio2013-11-26T15:48:04ZA calculated measurement in which the weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of only the single right kidney is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percent, thus normalizing it to body weight and by extension to the size of the organism. The right kidney is the organ which lies on the right side of the body from the perspective of the subject.CMO:0001953Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithindividual right kidney wet weight to body weight ratioleft kidney wet weight to body weight ratio2013-11-26T15:48:07ZA calculated measurement in which the weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of only the left kidney is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percent, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism. The left kidney is the organ which lies on the left side of the body from the perspective of the subject.CMO:0001954Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithindividual left kidney wet weight to body weight ratiorenal blood flow rate to kidney weight ratio2013-11-26T16:04:13ZA calculated measurement in which the value for the volume of blood delivered to and/or exiting from the kidneys per unit time is divided by the weight (heaviness or degree to which an object is drawn toward the earth by gravity) of one or both kidneys, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.CMO:0001955Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithchange in mean arterial blood pressure to change in the logarithm of the vasoconstrictor dose ratio2013-12-02T10:53:31ZA calculated measurement in which difference in the mean arterial blood pressure between two or more dosages of a drug or chemical which reduces the interior diameter of blood vessels is divided by difference in the logarithm of the applied dosages and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The value is calculated as the slope of the curve of the mean arterial blood pressure versus log of the vasoconstrictor dose [VC] graph, given by the equation (log[VC]2 - log[VC]1)/(MAP at [VC]2 - MAP at [VC]1). A logarithm is the power to which a base, such as 10, must be raised to produce a given number.CMO:0001965Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithchange in MAP to change in log[vasoconstrictor] ratiokidney glomerulosclerotic lesion diameter2013-12-02T11:03:44ZCMO:0001966Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the length of a straight line passing through the center and connecting opposite points on the circumference of a circle delineating the outer limits of a glomerulosclerotic lesion.kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion diameter to mean arterial blood pressure ratio2013-12-02T11:54:57ZA calculated measurement in which the diameter of kidney glomerular injury is divided by the value of the mean arterial blood pressure and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, for example to give an index of kidney damage relative to the level of hypertension.CMO:0001967Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithblood vessel morphological measurement2013-12-03T17:32:45ZCMO:0001997Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the physical form or structure of one or more blood vessels, the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body.aorta wall molecular composition measurement2013-12-03T18:01:02ZAny quantitation of the molecules, atoms and/or ions which constitute the chemical make-up of the wall of the aorta, the layered tissue which encloses and constitutes the structural component of the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds. A molecule is an aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical combination of two or more atoms forming a specific chemical substance.CMO:0001998Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithaortic wall molecular composition measurementaorta wall extracellular elastin level2013-12-03T18:08:51ZCMO:0001999Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe amount of elastin in a specified sample of aorta wall tissue. Elastin is an elastic, fibrous mucoprotein, similar to collagen, and the major connective tissue protein of elastic fibers, such as those in arterial walls.aortic wall elastin levelaorta wall extracellular collagen level2013-12-03T18:13:06ZCMO:0002000Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe amount of collagen in a specified sample of aorta wall tissue. Collagen refers to any of a family of extracellular, closely related proteins occurring as a major component of connective tissue, giving it strength and flexibility.aortic wall collagen levelcalculated aorta wall molecular composition measurement2013-12-03T18:14:39ZA measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the molecules, atoms and/or ions which constitute the chemical make-up of the wall of the aorta.CMO:0002001Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated aortic wall molecular composition measurementaorta wall extracellular elastin dry weight to aorta wall dry weight ratio2013-12-03T18:21:20ZA calculated measurement in which the weight after dessication of the extracellular elastin in a specified sample of aorta wall is divided by the total weight after dessication of that sample of aorta wall, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.CMO:0002002Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithaortic wall elastin dry weight to total aortic wall dry weight ratioaorta wall extracellular elastin dry weight to aorta wall extracellular collagen weight ratio2013-12-03T18:29:26ZA calculated measurement in which the weight after dessication of the extracellular elastin in a specified sample of aorta wall is divided by the weight of extracellular collagen in that sample of aorta wall, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.CMO:0002003Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithaortic wall elastin dry weight to aortic wall collagen weight ratioaorta wall intracellular protein level2013-12-04T10:31:25ZCMO:0002004Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe total amount of protein extracted from within the cells of the aortic wall in a specified sample of aorta. Protein is any of a group of complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages.aorta cellular protein levelaorta wall total intracellular protein levelpercent change in mean arterial blood pressure2014-01-07T16:35:21ZCMO:0002035Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe difference in mean arterial blood pressure between two points in time or two conditions expressed as a percentage (the proportion or rate per hundred parts).The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign.change in heart rate to change in mean arterial blood pressure ratio2014-01-07T16:51:06ZAverage slope of the line defined by the change in heart rate (the number of contractions of the cardiac ventricles per unit of time) relative to the change in mean arterial blood pressure (the average force the blood exerts on an artery wall) over time and/or in response to a change in conditions.CMO:0002036Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithmaximum change in heart rate to change in mean arterial blood pressure ratio2014-01-07T16:53:44ZCMO:0002037Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMaximum, largest or steepest slope of the line defined by the change in heart rate (the number of contractions of the cardiac ventricles per unit of time) relative to the change in mean arterial blood pressure (the average blood pressure within an artery over a specified period of time) over time and/or in response to a change in conditions.blood sterol level2014-01-23T17:03:36ZCMO:0002048Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe amount of sterol, any of a group of steroids with a long (8 to 10 carbons) aliphatic side-chain at position 17 and at least one alcoholic group, in a specified sample of blood.tissue molecular composition measurement2014-01-24T15:13:32ZAny quantitation of the molecules, atoms and/or ions which constitute the chemical make-up of a specified tissue or set of tissues.CMO:0002067Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithmononuclear cell count2014-01-27T15:49:38ZCMO:0002119Clinical_Measurement.ontologyDetermination of the number of mononuclear cells, i.e. leukocytes such as lymphocytes and monocytes with a single round or oval nucleus (including but not limited to such cells found in blood, lymph or spleen) found in a specified sample.JSmithmononuclear cell numberkidney crescentic glomeruli count to kidney normal glomeruli count ratio2014-01-28T16:41:28ZA calculated measurement in which .the number of kidney glomeruli displaying an abnormal (i.e., pathogenic) crescentic morphology is divided by the number of kidney glomeruli displaying normal morphology, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.CMO:0002139Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithcalculated heart rate measurement2014-01-31T16:39:20ZA measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of heart rate, the number of contractions of the cardiac ventricles per unit of time.CMO:0002161Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithabsolute change in electrocardiographic low frequency R-R spectral component to high frequency R-R spectral component ratio2014-01-31T16:41:23ZCMO:0002162Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe difference between two points in time or two conditions in heart rate expressed as the ratio of the low frequency R-R interval component of the power spectrum analysis to the high frequency R-R interval component of the power spectrum analysis, expressed as the result of the subtraction in and of itself without comparison by ratio with another quantity.The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign.absolute change in ECG LF/HF ratioabsolute change in EKG LF/HF ratioabsolute change in electrocardiographic low frequency R-R interval to high frequency R-R interval ratioabsolute change in heart rate variabilityheart left ventricle molecular composition measurement2014-02-03T17:42:14ZAny quantitation of the molecules, atoms and/or ions which constitute the chemical make-up of the tissue(s) of the heart left ventricle. A molecule is an aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical combination of two or more atoms forming a specific chemical substance.CMO:0002164Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart left ventricle natriuretic peptide A level2014-02-03T17:43:11ZCMO:0002165Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe amount in a specified sample of tissue from the heart left ventricle, of natriuretic peptide A (NPPA), a powerful vasodilator and peptide hormone secreted mainly by heart muscle cells and involved in control of extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte homeostasis.heart left ventricle NPPA levelheart left ventricle atrial natriuretic factor levelheart left ventricle natriuretic peptide A protein levelkidney renin level2014-02-03T17:55:31ZCMO:0002166Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe amount of renin in a specified sample of kidney tissue. Renin, an aspartyl protease, catalyzes the cleavage of angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I, the first step in the activation pathway of angiotensinogen--a cascade that can result in aldosterone release,vasoconstriction, and increase in blood pressure.kidney REN levelkidney renin protein levelkidney protein activity measurement2014-03-10T15:24:43ZAny quantification of the ability of a protein of the kidney to accomplish an effect, e.g. take part in a chemical reaction or carry out a specified molecular function.CMO:0002222Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney enzyme activity measurement2014-03-10T15:31:04ZAny quantification of the ability of a kidney enzyme, i.e. a protein located in the kidney that catalyzes chemical reactions of other substances without itself being destroyed or altered upon completion of the reactions, to carry out its specified molecular function.CMO:0002223Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney catalase activity to total protein level ratio2014-03-10T17:51:03ZA calculated measurement in which the level of catalase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the weight of total protein in that sample. Catalase converts the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.CMO:0002224Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity to total protein level ratio2014-03-10T17:52:00ZA calculated measurement in which the level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the weight of total protein in that sample. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase catalizes the conversion of D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP+ to 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH.CMO:0002225Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney G6PD activity to total protein level ratiokidney glutathione reductase activity to total protein level ratio2014-03-10T17:53:05ZA calculated measurement in which the level of glutathione reductase (GSR) enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the weight of total protein in that sample. GSR reduces oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to the sulfhydryl form GSH.CMO:0002226Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney GSR activity to total protein level ratiokidney glutathione peroxidase activity to total protein level ratio2014-03-10T17:54:38ZA calculated measurement in which the level of glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the weight of total protein in that sample. Glutathione peroxidases constitute a family of proteins that reduce lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols and reduce free hydrogen peroxide to water.CMO:0002227Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney glutathione-S-transferase activity to total protein level ratio2014-03-10T17:55:21ZA calculated measurement in which the level of glutathione-S-transferase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the weight of total protein in that sample. Glutathione-S-transferase refers to any of a family of proteins with the ability to catalyze the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to xenobiotic substrates for the purpose of detoxification.CMO:0002228Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney superoxide dismutase activity to total protein level ratio2014-03-10T17:55:56ZA calculated measurement in which the level of superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the weight of total protein in that sample. superoxide dismutases constitute a family of proteins that convert naturally-occuring but harmful superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.CMO:0002229Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney paraoxonase-1 activity to total protein level ratio2014-03-10T17:56:39ZA calculated measurement in which the level of paraoxonase 1 enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the weight of total protein in that sample. Paraoxonase 1 is an arylesterase that mainly hydrolyzes paroxon, an organophosphorus anticholinesterase compound, to produce p-nitrophenol.CMO:0002230Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney glutathione peroxidase activity to glutathione reductase activity ratio2014-03-10T17:57:32ZA calculated measurement in which the level of glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the level of glutathione reductase enzyme activity in that same sample.CMO:0002231Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney superoxide dismutase to catalase activity ratio2014-03-10T17:58:30ZA calculated measurement in which the level of superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the level of catalase enzyme activity in that same sample.CMO:0002232Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney superoxide dismutase to glutathione peroxidase ratio2014-03-10T17:59:04ZA calculated measurement in which the level of superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the level of glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity in that same sample.CMO:0002233Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney superoxide dismutase to paraoxonase-1 activity ratio2014-03-10T17:59:34ZA calculated measurement in which the level of superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the level of paraoxonase 1 enzyme activity in that same sample.CMO:0002234Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney glutathione level2014-03-10T18:02:47ZCHEBI:16856CMO:0002235Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe amount of glutathione in a specified sample of kidney tissue. Glutathione (GSH/GSSG) is an antioxidant tripeptide with a gamma peptide linkage between the amine group of cysteine (which is attached by normal peptide linkage to a glycine) and the carboxyl group of the glutamate side-chain.kidney GSH levelkidney malondialdehyde level2014-03-10T18:03:40ZCHEBI:566274CMO:0002236Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe amount of malondialdehyde in a specified sample of kidney tissue. Malondialdehyde is an organic compound with the formula CH2(CHO)2. It is a reactive species which occurs naturally, is generally found in the enol form (HOCH=CH-CHO), and is a marker for oxidative stress.kidney protein carbonyl level to total protein level ratio2014-03-10T18:04:53ZA calculated measurement in which the level of protein carbonyl (PCO) derivatives in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the total amount of protein in the sample. Protein carbonyl (PCO) derivatives are produced by the oxidation of amino acids and can be used as a marker of oxidative stress.CMO:0002237Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithkidney platinum level2014-03-10T18:06:09ZCHEBI:33364CMO:0002238Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe amount of platinum, the chemical element with atomic number 78, in a specified sample of kidney tissue.blood creatine kinase activity level2014-03-11T14:12:54ZCMO:0002242Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe amount of enzymatic activity of creatine kinase (CK) enzyme in a specified sample of blood. CK catalyses the reversible transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens such as creatine phosphate. Blood CK level is used as an enzymatic marker for myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure.blood CK activity levelblood CPK activity levelblood creatine phosphokinase activity levelkidney lipid peroxide level2014-03-11T16:52:38ZCMO:0002246Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe amount of lipid peroxidation end products in a specified sample of kidney tissue. Lipid peroxidation is the oxidative degradation of lipids.kidney LPO levelkidney lipid peroxidation levelkidney glomerulus volume2014-03-12T15:00:11ZCMO:0002247Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the size of the three dimensional space occupied by a single kidney glomerulus.absolute diurnal change in systolic blood pressure2014-03-24T12:45:12ZCMO:0002278Calculated measurement of a difference in the maximum arterial blood pressure, that is the pressure at the point of maximal contraction of the heart, between two points in time, one during the day and the other at night, expressed as a number (positive or negative), not as a ratio or percentage relative to another quantity.Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign.absolute circadian change in systolic blood pressuresystolic diurnal amplitudeblood cholesterol level2014-03-24T13:34:25ZCMO:0002280Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithNot4CurationThe amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, in a specified sample of blood. Cholesterol in the blood is generally associated with various lipoproteins.change in mean arterial blood pressure to change in vasoactive chemical dose ratio2014-03-28T12:01:46ZA calculated measurement in which difference in the mean arterial blood pressure between two or more dosages of a drug or chemical which reduces or increases the interior diameter of blood vessels is divided by difference the applied dosages and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The value is calculated as the slope of the curve of the mean arterial blood pressure versus the chemical dose graph.CMO:0002296Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithbeta coefficient of mean arterial blood pressure changechange in MAP to change in [vasoactive chemical] ratioslope of the change in mean arterial blood pressureartery wall thickness to artery total diameter ratio2014-03-28T16:44:54ZCMO:0002303Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithRatio of the wall thickness (WT) of an artery to outer diameter (OD) of that artery at that location, usually expressed as a percentage, i.e. WT/OD x 100, but could also be expressed as a ratio, fraction or quotient. This measurement can be used to assess stenosis, a pathological narrowing of a blood vessel.arterial stenosis measurementartery wall thickness as percentage of artery outer diameterartery wall thickness as percentage of artery total diameterwhite blood cell measurement2014-04-24T12:47:44ZAny value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of leukocytes, largely colorless blood corpuscles capable of ameboid movement, whose chief function is to protect the body against microorganisms and other disease-causing entities.CMO:0002341Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithleukocyte measurementblood differential leukocyte count to total leukocyte count ratio2014-05-13T18:19:12ZA calculated measurement in which the number of white blood cells of one or more specific types in a specified sample of blood is divided by the total number of white blood cells in the sample, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.CMO:0002349Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithNot4Curationblood differential leukocyte count to total WBC count ratioblood differential leukocyte count as percentage of total white blood cellsdifferential white blood cell percentagecalculated kidney non-tumorous lesion measurement2014-05-27T13:59:17ZAny measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of a morphological or physiological parameter of non-neoplastic lesions in the kidney.CMO:0002378Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithNot4Curationcalculated renal non-tumorous lesion measurementratio of the area occupied by protein casts to the total area of the kidney outer medulla outer stripe and cortex2014-05-27T14:01:07ZA calculated measurement in which the area occupied by renal protein casts is divided by the total, combined area of the outer stripe of the kidney outer medulla and the kidney cortex, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Renal protein casts are gelled proteins precipitated in the renal tubules and molded to the tubular lumen. The medulla outer stripe is the section of the renal medula adjacent to the renal cortex and contains portions of the nephron, including the straight proximal tubules, and portions of the loops of henle and outer medullary collecting ducts.CMO:0002379Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithpercent area of renal protein castingheart wet weight to body weight ratio2014-05-28T15:22:49ZA calculated value in which the weight of the heart after removal from the body but without dessication is divided by the total weight of the body, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism.CMO:0002408Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart wet weight as a percentage of body weightvasoconstrictor-induced blood vessel contractile force expressed as percent of force at baseline2014-06-09T17:16:49ZA calculated measurement in which the difference between the contractile force of a blood vessel in response to a vasoconstrictor and the baseline contractile force exerted by that vessel in the absence of any external stimuli, is divided by the baseline contractile force measurement and the result expressed as a percentage. A vasoconstrictor is any agent or condition that narrows blood vessels by constricting the smooth muscle in the vessel walls.CMO:0002458Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithphenylephrine-induced blood vessel contractile force expressed as percent of force at baseline2014-06-09T17:21:51ZA calculated measurement in which the difference between the contractile force of a blood vessel in response to a specified dosage of phenylephrine and the baseline contractile force exerted by that vessel in the absence of any external stimuli, is divided by the baseline contractile force measurement and the result expressed as a percentage. Phenylephrine is an adrenergic drug that is a powerful vasoconstrictor.CMO:0002459Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithphenylephrine-induced blood vessel constriction expressed as percent of force at baselinepotassium chloride-induced blood vessel contractile force expressed as percent of force at baseline2014-06-09T17:30:04ZA calculated measurement in which the difference between the contractile force of a blood vessel in response to a specified dosage of potassium chloride and the baseline contractile force exerted by that vessel in the absence of any external stimuli, is divided by the baseline contractile force measurement and the result expressed as a percentage. Potassium chloride is the salt of the potassium cation (K+) and the chlorine/chloride anion (Cl-). It is used as an eletroylyte replenisher and has mild vasoconstrictive properties when applied directly to blood vessels.CHEBI:32588CMO:0002460Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithKCl-induced blood vessel constriction expressed as percent of force at baselinepotassium chloride response/sensitivity measurement2014-06-09T18:11:50ZCHEBI:32588CMO:0002461Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithKCl response/sensitivity measurementMeasurement of an organism's, organ's, tissue's or cell's capacity to respond, such as by a change in activity, state or condition, to potassium chloride, the salt of the potassium cation (K+) and the chlorine/chloride anion (Cl-). Potassium chloride is used as an eletroylyte replenisher and has mild vasoconstrictive properties when applied directly to blood vessels.concentration of potassium chloride at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (EC50)2014-06-09T18:19:26ZA calculated value for the concentration of potassium chloride (KCl) at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of KCl is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such KCl-induced contractile energy. Potassium chloride is the salt of the potassium cation (K+) and the chlorine/chloride anion (Cl-). It is used as an eletroylyte replenisher and has mild vasoconstrictive properties when applied directly to blood vessels.CHEBI:32588CMO:0002462Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithKCl half maximal effective concentration (EC50)potassium chloride half maximal effective concentration (EC50)logarithm of the concentration of potassium chloride at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (Log EC50)2014-06-09T18:28:02ZA calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of potassium chloride (KCl) at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of KCl is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such KCl-induced contractile energy. The logarithm of the concentration is the exponent indicating the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that concentration value.CHEBI:32588CMO:0002463Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithKCl Log half maximal effective concentration (Log EC50)potassium chloride Log half maximal effective concentration (Log EC50)concentration of vasoconstrictor at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (EC50)2014-06-09T18:33:14ZA calculated value for the concentration of a vasoconstrictor at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of the stimulus is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such stimulus-induced contractile energy. A vasoconstrictor is any agent or condition that narrows blood vessels by constricting the smooth muscle in the vessel walls.CMO:0002464Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithvasoconstrictor half maximal effective concentration (EC50)logarithm of the concentration of vasoconstrictor at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (Log EC50)2014-06-09T18:47:36ZA calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of a vasoconstrictor at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of the stimulus is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such stimulus-induced contractile energy. The logarithm of the concentration is the exponent indicating the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that concentration value. A vasoconstrictor is any agent or condition that narrows blood vessels by constricting the smooth muscle in the vessel walls.CMO:0002465Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithvasoconstrictor Log half maximal effective concentration (Log EC50)heart left ventricle end-diastolic anterior wall thickness2014-06-24T10:28:27ZCMO:0002496Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithLVAWdThe thickness or depth of the ventral/anterior wall of the left ventricle of the heart at the end of diastole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally relaxed. The ventral/anterior wall is the portion of the muscle enclosing the ventricle which is farthest from the spine and closest to the chest wall of the organism.heart left ventricle end-diastolic ventral wall thicknessheart left ventricle weight to heart left ventricle end-diastolic area ratio2014-06-24T10:38:32ZA calculated measurement in which the weight of the left ventricle of the heart is divided by its area at end-diastole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally relaxed, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.CMO:0002497Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithheart blood flow measurement2014-07-01T11:15:11ZAny measurement of the movement of blood into, through or out of the heart.CMO:0002502Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithE wave velocity2014-07-01T11:21:13ZCMO:0002503Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithMeasurement of the speed at which blood flows into the ventricle during passive filling, that is, during the period when the blood flows from the atrium to the ventricle due to gravity rather than as a result of active contraction of the atrium.E wave deceleration time2014-07-01T11:23:06ZAn echocardiographic measurement of the amount of time between the maximum 'E point', that is, the maximum velocity of passive blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle, and the return to baseline at the end of early mitral flow.CMO:0002504Clinical_Measurement.ontologyDTEDTJSmithE wave deceleration rate2014-07-01T11:26:09ZCMO:0002505Clinical_Measurement.ontologyEDRJSmithMeasurement of the decrease in transmitral blood flow velocity per unit time or the rate at which the velocity of passive blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle decreases over time as the ventricle fills and the atrium empties, calculated as the slope of transmitral velocity vs time.muscle fiber morphological measurement2014-08-05T16:41:32ZAny measurement of the physical form or structure of a muscle fiber, any of the cells of skeletal or cardiac muscle tissue. Each cell is one fiber of the muscle.CMO:0002533Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHskeletal muscle fiber morphological measurement2014-08-05T16:42:27ZAny measurementof the physical form or structure of a skeletal muscle fiber, a cylindrical multinucleate cell of skeletal muscle tissue containing contracting myofibrils and across which run transverse striations.CMO:0002534Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHnumber of capillaries per skeletal muscle fiber2014-08-05T16:43:25ZCMO:0002535Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHThe average number of capillaries associated with and/or surrounding an individual skeletal muscle fiber, a cylindrical multinucleate cell of skeletal muscle tissue containing contracting myofibrils and across which run transverse striations. Capillaries are the minute vessels connecting arterioles and venules, the walls of which act as a semipermeable membrane for interchange of various substances between the blood and tissue fluid.number of capillaries per skeletal muscle cellcapillary measurement2014-08-05T16:46:26ZAny measurement, morphological or physiological of the minute vessels connecting arterioles and venules, the walls of which act as a semipermeable membrane for interchange of various substances between the blood and tissue fluid.CMO:0002536Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHleft ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time2014-08-06T10:31:27ZCMO:0002540Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHLV-IVRTThe length of time in the cardiac cycle between the end of left ventricular relaxation and the start of left ventricular filling.left ventricular isovolumetric contraction time2014-08-06T10:46:35ZCMO:0002541Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHThe time interval from the completion of the mitral valve closure to the beginning of the aortic valve opening, that is, the period of contraction during which both the mitral and aortic valves are closed so that the volume of the ventricular space doesn't change.right ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time2014-08-18T11:44:51ZCMO:0002551Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHRV-IVRTThe length of time in the cardiac cycle between the end of right ventricular relaxation and the start of right ventricular filling.calculated left ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time2014-08-18T11:59:50ZA measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the length of time in the cardiac cycle between the end of left ventricular relaxation and the start of left ventricular filling.CMO:0002552Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHcalculated LV-IVRTheart rate-corrected left ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time2014-08-18T12:04:19ZA calculated measurement in which the value of the left ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time is corrected by the square root of the R-R interval [IVRT/(RR)1/2] on a simultaneously-recorded ECG.CMO:0002553Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHmitral valve closure to opening time2014-08-18T12:19:05ZCMO:0002554Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHMV coMeasurement of the length of time between the closing of the mitral valve (the dual-flap valve in the heart that controls blood flow between the left atrium and the left ventricle) at the end of ventricular filling (that is, after atrial contraction) and its opening at the beginning of the next round of ventricular filling.left ventricular ejection time2014-08-18T13:27:39ZCMO:0002555Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHLVETThe time interval from the opening to the closing of the aortic valve (mechanical systole).myocardial performance index2014-08-18T13:54:20ZA calculated measurement comprised of the sum of left ventricular isovolumetric contraction time and isovolumetric relaxation time divided by the left ventricular ejection time.CMO:0002556Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHMPITEI-Doppler indexcardiovascular disease severity measurement2014-08-18T14:05:03ZAny measurement of the degree to which the presentation of any cardiovascular disease state, causes pain or damage, or interferes with the normal functioning of an organism or of any part thereof.CMO:0002557Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHcardiovascular disease measurement2014-08-18T14:20:49ZAny measurement related to a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of the cardiovascular system that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs.CMO:0002558Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHarterial disease severity measurement2014-08-18T14:23:23ZAny measurement of the degree to which the presentation of an arterial disease state, causes pain or damage, or interferes with the normal functioning of an organism or of any part thereof. Arterial disease is a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of one or more arteries, the vessels in which blood flows away from the heart carrying oxygenated blood, that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs.CMO:0002559Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHaortic rupture severity measurement2014-08-18T15:16:50ZCMO:0002560Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHMeasurement of the degree to which a tear or break in the continuity or configuration of the aorta (the great artery arising from the left ventricle and from which the systemic arterial system proceeds) causes pain or damage, or interferes with the normal functioning of an organism or of any part thereof.number of ruptures of arterial internal elastic lamina2014-08-18T15:33:42ZCMO:0002561Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHThe value or quantity determined by count of tears or breaks in the continuity or configuration of the fenestrated layer of elastic tissue that is the outermost part of the intima of an artery.number of RIEL in arteriesnumber of ruptures of arterial IELnumber of ruptures of internal elastic lamina in arteriesnumber of ruptures of internal elastic laminae in arteriesnumber of ruptures of the internal elastic lamina of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries2014-08-18T15:35:18ZCMO:0002562Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHThe value or quantity determined by count of tears or breaks in the continuity or configuration of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries, that is, the distal segment of the descending aorta and the large arteries that originate from it.number of AA- and IA-RIELnumber of RIEL in abdominal aorta and iliac arteriesnumber of ruptures of the internal elastic lamina of the renal arteries2014-08-18T15:47:20ZCMO:0002563Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHThe value or quantity determined by count of tears or breaks in the continuity or configuration of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) of the renal arteries, that is, the ateries which arise from the side of the abdominal aorta and which supply the kidneys with blood.number of RIEL in renal arteriesarterial internal elastic lamina rupture composite score2014-08-18T15:50:34ZA measurement of the severity of tears or breaks in the arterial internal elastic lamina (IEL) which is derived from a combination of multiple measurements and/or objective or subjective severity scores according to a specified formula or set of criteria. The IEL is the fenestrated layer of elastic tissue that is the outermost part of the intima of an artery.CMO:0002564Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHarterial RIEL scoreaorta wall extracellular elastin dry weight to aorta length ratio2014-08-18T18:42:12ZA calculated measurement in which the weight after dessication of the extracellular elastin in a specified sample of the wall of the aorta is divided by the length (that is, the distance between the two ends) of that segment, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.CMO:0002565Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHpatent ductus arteriosus score2014-08-18T18:54:19ZA measurement of the existance and severity of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) when such a measurement is derived from a combination of multiple measurements and/or an objective or subjective ranking or rating system according to a specified formula or set of criteria. PDA is the abnormal persistence of an open lumen in the ductus arteriosus, between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, after birth.CMO:0002566Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSMITHPDA scorescore for PDAtissue protein/peptide composition measurement2014-08-26T13:32:08ZAny measurement involving the composition, that is, the absolute amount, relative amount or type of one or more proteins (complex high molecular weight organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages) or peptides (low molecular weight compounds composed of at least two amino acids joined by peptide linkages) in a specified tissue or set of tissues.CMO:0002577Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithaorta wall protein/peptide composition measurement2014-08-26T13:35:55ZAny measurement involving the composition, that is, the absolute amount, relative amount or type of one or more proteins or peptides in a specified sample of tissue from the wall of the aorta.CMO:0002579Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithaortic wall protein/peptide composition measurementblood pressure time series calculated parameter2014-09-11T17:13:44ZA calculated parameter derived from a a sequence of blood pressure measurements taken sequentially and ordered in time. A parameter is a mathematical and statistical variable in a model system that partially or completely characterises the mathematical model.CMO:0002589Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithblood pressure time series baroreceptor response calculation parameter2014-09-11T18:09:25ZA mathematical and statistical variable in a model system that partially or completely characterises the baroreceptor response in a blood pressure time series calculation. The baroreceptor response is the system whereby specific nerve terminals that stabilize moment to moment blood pressure variability in the carotid sinus and aortic arch sense deviations from the baseline pressure and initiate signals that dampens such deviations.CMO:0002590Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithblood pressure time series first order moving average coefficient2014-09-11T18:10:33ZCMO:0002591Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe first order coefficient parameter derived from a blood pressure time series moving average (also known as a rolling average, running average, moving mean, or rolling mean) calculation.blood pressure time series fractal parameter2014-09-11T18:24:22ZCMO:0002592Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe fractal parameter derived from a blood pressure time series calculation based on a autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average time series model (ARFIMA, FARIMA, or fARIMA).blood pressure time series experimental set point of the baroreceptor response2014-09-11T18:26:20ZCMO:0002593Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe experimental set point parameter of the blood pressure time series baroreceptor response calculation.blood pressure time series average exponential scaling factor of the baroreceptor response2014-09-11T18:28:14ZCMO:0002594Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithThe average exponential scaling factor parameter of the blood pressure time series baroreceptor response calculation.blood pressure time series linear term first order parameter2014-09-11T18:33:18ZA parameter based on a blood pressure time series calculation using a first order mechanistic model.CMO:0002595Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithblood pressure time series linear term second order parameter2014-09-11T18:33:53ZA parameter based on a blood pressure time series calculation using a second order mechanistic model.CMO:0002596Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithend-diastolic heart left ventricle posterior wall thickness2014-10-29T10:36:08ZCMO:0002597Clinical_Measurement.ontologyJSmithNote that "left" in this context refers to the perspective of the organism, not that of the observer.The thickness or depth (i.e. the measurement of the two-dimensional extent of the distance between the inner and outer surfaces) of the dorsal/posterior wall of the left ventricle of the heart at the end of diastole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally relaxed. The dorsal wall is the portion of the muscle enclosing the ventricle which is closest to the spine and farthest from the chest wall of the organism.end-diastolic heart left ventricle PWTblood lipoprotein measurement2015-12-03T15:18:18ZA value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of a blood-derived lipoprotein, any of a class of complex molecules found in blood that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids.CMO:0002690Clinical_Measurement.ontologyjesmithblood lipoprotein cholesterol level2015-12-03T15:41:10ZCMO:0002696Clinical_Measurement.ontologyMeasurement of the amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, carried in lipoprotein molecules in a specified volume of blood. Lipoprotein particles are complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids.jesmithaorta length2017-02-22T13:08:55ZCMO:0002720Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe distance between the two ends, that is, of the extent of the longest dimension, of the aorta, the main trunk from which the arterial system proceeds.jesmithcalculated aorta morphological measurement2017-02-22T13:12:37ZA measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation of the physical form or structure of the aorta, the main trunk from which the arterial system proceeds.CMO:0002721Clinical_Measurement.ontologyjesmithaorta weight to aorta length to body weight ratio2017-02-22T13:14:54ZA calculated measurement in which the weight of the aorta is divided by its length and the resulting quantity is divided by the total body weight of the organism.Am/AI/BmCMO:0002722Clinical_Measurement.ontologyaorta mass to aorta length to body mass ratiojesmithpercent change in pulse pressure2017-02-22T13:28:13ZA calculated measurement of the relative difference in pulse pressure between a treated state and a control state or between two points in time, expressed as a percentage.CMO:0002723Clinical_Measurement.ontologyjesmithheart protein activity measurement2017-07-19T12:56:36ZAny quantification of the ability of a protein of the heart to accomplish an effect, e.g. take part in a chemical reaction or carry out a specified molecular function.CMO:0002738Clinical_Measurement.ontologyjesmithheart enzyme activity level2017-07-19T13:02:57ZAny quantification of the ability of a heart enzyme, i.e. a protein located in the heart that catalyzes chemical reactions of other substances without itself being destroyed or altered upon completion of the reactions, to carry out its specified molecular function.CMO:0002739Clinical_Measurement.ontologyjesmithheart angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 activity level2017-07-19T13:04:34ZCMO:0002740Clinical_Measurement.ontologyQuantitation of the catalytic effect exerted by angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in a specified sample of heart tissue. ACE2, an ACE homolog, is a zinc-dependent peptidase of the M2-metalloprotease family that is sensitive to chloride ion concentration, is a membrane-bound enzyme that acts as a monocarboxypeptidase, and is an essential regulator of heart function.heart ACE2 activity levelheart angiotensin II converting enzyme activity leveljesmithheart angiotensin I converting enzyme activity level2017-07-19T13:05:42ZCMO:0002741Clinical_Measurement.ontologyQuantitation of the catalytic effect exerted by angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) in a specified sample of heart tissue. ACE is one of the enzymes of the renin-angiotensin system, and catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I into a physiologically active vasoconstrictor peptide angiotensin II.heart ACE activity leveljesmithkidney angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 activity level2017-07-20T10:00:38ZCMO:0002745Clinical_Measurement.ontologyQuantitation of the catalytic effect exerted by angiotensin converting enzyme2 (ACE2) in a specified sample of kidney. ACE2, an ACE homolog, is a zinc-dependent peptidase of the M2-metalloprotease family that is sensitive to chloride ion concentration, and is a membrane-bound enzyme that acts as a monocarboxypeptidase and is an essential regulator of heart function.jesmithkidney ACE2 activity levelkidney angiotensin II converting enzyme activity levelkidney angiotensin I converting enzyme activity level2017-07-20T10:01:18ZCMO:0002746Clinical_Measurement.ontologyQuantitation of the catalytic effect exerted by angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) in a specified sample of kidney tissue. ACE is one of the enzymes of the renin-angiotensin system, and catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I into a physiologically active vasoconstrictor peptide angiotensin II.jesmithkidney ACE activity levelcardiac muscle fiber morphological measurement2017-07-20T13:40:53ZAny measurement of the physical form or structure of a cardiac muscle fiber, a striated cardiac muscle cell (cardiomyocyte) that is responsible for heart contraction.CMO:0002759Clinical_Measurement.ontologycardiac muscle cell morphological measurementcardiac myocyte morphological measurementcardiocyte morphological measurementcardiomyocyte morphological measurementheart muscle cell morphological measurementjesmithcardiac muscle fiber diameter2017-07-20T13:43:26ZCMO:0002760Clinical_Measurement.ontologyThe length of a straight line passing through a cardiac muscle fiber, that is a cardiomyocyte, for instance through the center of its nucleus, and connecting opposite points on its periphery.cardiac myocyte diametercardiocyte diametercardiomyocyte diametercardiomyocyte widthheart muscle cell diameterjesmithrenal plasma flow to body weight ratio2018-05-03T09:34:26ZA measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the amount of plasma that perfuses the kidneys per unit time per amount of body weight.CMO:0002782Clinical_Measurement.ontologyjrsmithkidney sclerotic glomerular volume to total kidney glomerular volume ratio2018-05-11T12:56:54ZA calculated value in which the volume of glomeruli with lesions resulting from fibrosis, scarring or hyaline deposits is divided by the total volume of glomeruli in a specified sample of kidney and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to the total volume of glomeruli.CMO:0002784Clinical_Measurement.ontologyjrsmithheart left ventricle weight to tibia length ratio2018-05-15T16:59:53ZA calculated value in which the weight of the heart left ventricle is divided by the length of the tibia (the medial and larger of the two bones of the lower leg of bipeds or hindlimb of quadrupeds which articulates with the femur, fibula, and talus), and the result is presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage,thus normalizing it to the length of the leg and, by extension, to the size of the body.CMO:0002787Clinical_Measurement.ontologyjrsmithcalculated heart blood flow measurement2018-05-15T17:02:51ZAny measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the movement of blood into, through or out of the heart.CMO:0002788Clinical_Measurement.ontologyjrsmithE/A wave ratio2018-05-15T17:05:23ZA calculated measurement in which the value of the E wave (that is, the velocity of the blood flow across the mitral valve during passive filling of the left ventricle in early diastole) is divided by the value of the A wave (that is, the velocity of the blood flow across the mitral valve during active filling of the left ventricle caused by atrial contraction in late diastole).CMO:0002789Clinical_Measurement.ontologyjrsmithmitral E/A wave ratioartery tunica media width to artery inner diameter ratio2018-05-15T17:08:42ZA calculated measurement in which the average width of the tunica media is divided by the inner diameter (that is, the diameter of the lumen) of the artery and the result is presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage.CMO:0002790Clinical_Measurement.ontologyjrsmithheart intraventricular wall end-diastolic thickness2018-05-15T17:12:15ZCMO:0002791Clinical_Measurement.ontologyIVSdThe thickness, width or depth of the septal wall of the heart ventricles (that is, the portion of the wall between the left and right ventricles that is shared between the two) at the end of diastole when the heart muscle is maximally relaxed.heart intraventricular septum end-diastolic thicknessjrsmithheart intraventricular wall end-systolic thickness2018-05-15T17:13:43ZCMO:0002792Clinical_Measurement.ontologyIVSsThe thickness, width or depth of the septal wall of the heart ventricles (that is, the portion of the wall between the left and right ventricles that is shared between the two) at the end of systole when the heart muscle is maximally contracted.heart intraventricular septum end-systolic thicknessjrsmithdiseaseA disease is a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism.clinical drug roleWilliam HoganWilliam Hoganthe role of a material entity to prevent, diagnose, treat, or study disease and/or its effectsdrug productWilliam HoganWilliam Hogana material entity (1) containing at least one scattered molecular aggregate as part that is the bearer of an active ingredient role and (2) that is itself the bearer of a clinical drug roleactive ingredientWilliam R. Hogana role of a scattered molecular aggregate that is part of a drug product that is realized by (1) administration of the drug to an organism followed by (2) some change in the structure or functioning of some part of the organismactive ingredient rolerole of scattered molecular aggregateWilliam R. Hogana role borne by a scattered molecular aggregate and realized by its grains participating in one or more processesrole of a scattered molecular aggregatedrug administrationWilliam R. Hogana treatment that has as participants an extended organism and a drug product and that results in part of the drug product being located in the extended organismadministration of a drug product to an organismgeographic featureMay appear on a map.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_featuremacroscopic spatial featureenvoPolaranthropogenic geographic featureAn anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature
resulting from the influence of human beings on nature.ENVOENVO:00000002FTT:78TGN:50001man-made featuremanmade featurepopulated place1ENVOENVO:00000062FTT:1097FTT:33Geonames:P.PPLGeonames:P.PPLSPlace or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population.TGN:22201TGN:83002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populated_placeinhabited placeinhabited regionplacepopulated localitypopulated placepopulated placessettlementconstructionA feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort."constructed" should probably be made something like a quality and this class obsoleted or filled only by inferenceconstructed featurebuildingA permanent walled and roofed construction.BUILDINGENVOENVO:00000073FTT:42Geonames:S.BLDGLTER:76TGN:51011buildinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BuildingcityENVOENVO:00000856EcoLexicon:cityFTT:430FTT:483FTT:484FTT:485Incorporated populated place.SWEETRealm:CityTGN:83020TGN:83040TGN:83043https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityurban areamesoscopic physical objectAn environmental feature that is, or can be, contained and is predominantly composed of one or a few types of stuff.discrete solid movable (transportable).environmental featureA material entity determines an environmental system when its removal would cause the collapse of that system. For example, a seamount determines a seamount environment, acting as its 'hub'. This class is currently being aligned to the Basic Formal Ontology. Following this alignment, its definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised.A material entity which determines an environmental system.ENVOENVO:00002297manufactured productA material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products.manufactured goodanthropogenic abiotic mesoscopic featureENVOENVO:00003075environmental materialA portion of environmental material is a fiat object which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system.Everything under this parent must be a mass noun. All subclasses are to be understood as being composed primarily of the named entity, rather than restricted to that entity. For example, "ENVO:water" is to be understood as "environmental material composed primarly of some CHEBI:water". This class is currently being aligned to the Basic Formal Ontology. Following this alignment, its definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised.portion of environmental materialabiotic mesoscopic physical objectENVOENVO:01000010environmental system2013-09-23T16:04:08ZA system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities.EcoLexicon:environmentIn ENVO's alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology, this class is being considered as a subclass of a proposed BFO class "system". The relation "environed_by" is also under development. Roughly, a system which includes a material entity (at least partially) within its site and causally influences that entity may be considered to environ it. Following the completion of this alignment, this class' definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised.environmentanthropogenic environmentAn anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity.Unsatisfactory definition here. Must consider the threshold that makes an environmental system anthropogenic.environmental zoneAn environmental zone is an environmental feature whose extent is determined by the presence or influence of one or more material entities or processes. An environmental zone may, itself, assume the role of an environmental feature.For example, a intertidal zone is that part of a coast which is exposed to air and water due to tidal processes. It determines the intertidal zone environment. This class is experimental and not suitable for annotation! "Zone" is likely to become some form of BFO:site. It is intended to capture entities from both physiography and human geography.environmental areaenvoPolarbuilding partA building part is a construction which is part of a building.Not recommended for annotation. This class is likely to be made into an inferred class as its subclasses are distributed among more meaningful superclasses (i.e. ceiling is_a surface layer). See for example, "building floor". The boundaries between building parts may be bona fide or fiat.outer spaceenvoAstroOuter space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies.spacedense settlementA settlement with a high density of buildings and inhabitants.The thresholds for what makes a settlment "dense" can be determined as needed. If there is a specific threshold that should be added to ENVO, please make a new class request.See also: http://www.ecotope.org/anthromes/v1/guide/urban/12_dense_settlements/default.aspxhuman dwellingA self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning.See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/264 for discussion. This definition needs a lot of clean up and links to household and related classes must be made to form logical definitions for inference to work.Subclasses will be added by inference.villageA village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement.This class may be split. "urban village" doesn't sit well and prevents relations to village biomes.astronomical bodycelestial bodyAstronomical bodies are usually cohesive, thus the use of the term 'object' sensu BFO 'object'.envoAstroAn object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space.astronomical object1celestial objectIf there is only one astronomical body involved, this class is equivalent to ENVO:01000799. This may be problematic with reasoning, but it seems to be true to the rather fuzzy definitions found thus far.envoAstroAn object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space.astronomical body partA material part of an astronomical body.envoPolarenvoAstrobiosphereWhether this class should be grouped with classes such as "hydrosphere" and "cryosphere" requires some discussion.The gravitational sphere of influence referenced in this class' definition is the Hill sphere: a region in which an object dominates the attraction of satellites despite gravitational perturbations.envoPolarA biosphere is an environmental system which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body, and the non-living and dead entities which they interact with.envoAstronatural environmentAn environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition.non-anthropised environmentIn most contexts, 'natural' is defined by the lack of intervention or influence by humans and their activities. On Earth, most environments fall on a scale between completely natural and anthropised.non-anthropized environmentanthropisationanthropizationAn area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case of urbanization because one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action.A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action.technosphereThe gravitational sphere of influence referenced in this class' definition is the Hill sphere: a region in which an object dominates the attraction of satellites despite gravitational perturbations.An environmental system which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body.envoAstromanufacturing processThe term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale.A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation.construction processThe nature of "structures" must be further specified.An process during which natural or manufactured materials and products are processed and arranged by humans or their technology into structures.ecosystemThis class will be primarily filled by inference, any environmental system which necessarily includes living parts should be autoclassified here.An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components.environmental system processThis is a convenience class for organisation and should not be used for annotation.A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants.anthropogenic environmental processAn environmental process which is driven by the action of humans.Phenotypic abnormalityA phenotypic abnormality.OsteoporosisOsteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility. According to the WHO, osteoporosis is characterized by a value of BMD 2.5 standard deviations or more below the young adult mean.EczemaEczema is a form of dermatitis. The term eczema is broadly applied to a range of persistent skin conditions and can be related to a number of underlying conditions. Manifestations of eczema can include dryness and recurring skin rashes with redness, skin edema, itching and dryness, crusting, flaking, blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding.Abnormality of the cardiovascular systemAny abnormality of the cardiovascular system.Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasisFeverElevated body temperature due to failed thermoregulation.Gastroesophageal refluxA condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter.AnorexiaA lack or loss of appetite for food (as a medical condition).Abnormality of the respiratory systemAn abnormality of the respiratory system, which include the airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles.DyspneaDifficult or labored breathing.HeadacheCephalgia, or pain sensed in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve.DrowsinessExcessive daytime sleepiness.Functional respiratory abnormalityAtrial fibrillationAn atrial arrhythmia characterized by disorganized atrial activity without discrete P waves on the surface EKG, but instead by an undulating baseline or more sharply circumscribed atrial deflections of varying amplitude an frequency ranging from 350 to 600 per minute.StridorStridor is a high pitched sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the upper airway.Edema of the lower limbsAn abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin of the legs.Abnormality of the gastrointestinal tractAn abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract.Abnormality of cardiovascular system physiologyAbnormal functionality of the cardiovascular system.Respiratory tract infectionAn infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract.ChemosisEdema (swelling) of the bulbar conjunctiva.Abnormality of nervous system physiologyA functional anomaly of the nervous system.Morphological abnormality of the gastrointestinal tractAbnormal structure of the gastrointestinal tract.Functional abnormality of the gastrointestinal tractAbnormal functionality of the gastrointestinal tract.CoughA sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation.Abnormality of the digestive systemAbnormality of digestive system physiologyA functional anomaly of the digestive system.Abnormal vascular physiologyAbnormality of vascular function.WheezingA high-pitched whistling sound associated with labored breathing.Abnormal breath soundAn anomalous (adventitious) sound produced by the breathing process.RalesAbnormal breath sounds characterized by discontinuous clicking or rattling.RhonchiAbnormal breath sounds characterized by low-pitched, snoring or rattle-like sounds.Elevated jugular venous pressureIncreased jugular venous pressure.objective specification2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed."2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that.Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles BranchOBI_0000217PERSON: Alan RuttenbergPERSON: Barry SmithPERSON: Bjoern PetersPERSON: Jennifer Fostela directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.goal specificationobjective specificationaction specificationAlan RuttenbergOBI Plan and Planned Process branchPour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2a directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will takedata item2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some
information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is
meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some
process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might
defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith
JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate beliefPERSON: Alan RuttenbergPERSON: Chris StoeckertPERSON: Jonathan Reesa data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.datadata iteminformation content entity2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.An information content entity is an entity that is generically dependent on some artifact and stands in relation of aboutness to some entityExamples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.OBI_0000142PERSON: Chris Stoeckertinformation content entityinformation_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907).
Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.directive information entity2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBOAn information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.PERSON: Alan RuttenbergPERSON: Bjoern PetersWerner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alancuration status specificationBetter to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>OBI_0000266PERSON:Bill BugThe curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.curation status specificationdata set2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg. The intention is that this term represent collections of like data. So this isn't for, e.g. the whole contents of a cel file, which includes parameters, metadata etc. This is more like java arrays of a certain rather specific type2014-05-05: Data sets are aggregates and thus must include two or more data items. We have chosen not to add logical axioms to make this restriction.A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets.Intensity values in a CEL file or from multiple CEL files comprise a data set (as opposed to the CEL files themselves).OBI_0000042data setgroup:OBIperson:Allyson Listerperson:Chris Stoeckertdata about an ontology partPerson:Alan Ruttenbergdata about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a termplan specification2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review.
Action specification not well enough specified.
Conditional specification not well enough specified.
Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications.
Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications.A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.Alan RuttenbergAlternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achievedOBI Plan and Planned Process branchOBI_0000344PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice.plan specificationmeasurement datum2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay?A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}.OBI_0000305group:OBImeasurement datumperson:Chris Stoeckerttextual entityA textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc.AR, (IAO call 2009-09-01): a document as a whole is not typically a textual entity, because it has pictures in it - rather there are parts of it that are textual entities. Examples: The title, paragraph 2 sentence 7, etc.MC, 2009-09-14 (following IAO call 2009-09-01): textual entities live at the FRBR (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records) manifestation level. Everything is significant: line break, pdf and html versions of same document are different textual entities.PERSON: Lawrence HunterWords, sentences, paragraphs, and the written (non-figure) parts of publications are all textual entitiestexttextual entitydocumentA collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a wholeA journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a bookPERSON: Lawrence Hunterdocumentdocumenting6/11/9: Edited at OBI workshop. We need to be able identify a child form of information artifact which corresponds to something enduring (not brain like). This used to be restricted to physical document or digital entity as the output, but that excludes e.g. an audio cassette tapeBjoern PetersRecording the current temperature in a laboratory notebook. Writing a journal article. Updating a patient record in a database.a planned process in which a document is created or added to by including the specified input in it.wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentingwritten nameA textual entity that denotes a particular in reality.rootGC_ID:1allncbi_taxonomyVirusesVirusesTeleostomiEuteleostomibony vertebratescellular organismsGC_ID:1biotancbi_taxonomyDipnotetrapodomorphaBoreoeutheriaBoreotheriaBacteriaBacteriaGC_ID:11MoneraPMID:10425795PMID:10425796PMID:10425797PMID:10490293PMID:10843050PMID:10939651PMID:10939673PMID:10939677PMID:11211268PMID:11321083PMID:11321113PMID:11411719PMID:11540071PMID:11542017PMID:11542087PMID:11760965PMID:12054223PMID:2112744PMID:270744PMID:8123559PMID:8590690PMID:9103655PMID:9336922ProcaryotaeProkaryotaProkaryotaebacteriaeubacteriaeubacteriancbi_taxonomynot Bacteria Haeckel 1894prokaryoteprokaryotesHomininaeHomo/Pan/Gorilla groupArchaeaArchaeaEukaryotaEucaryaEucaryotaeEukaryaEukaryotaEukaryotaeGC_ID:1PMID:23020233eucaryoteseucaryoteseukaryoteseukaryoteseukaryotesncbi_taxonomyEuarchontogliresSimiiformesAnthropoideaHominoideaapeapesTetrapodatetrapodsAmniotaamniotesTheria <Mammalia>TheriaOpisthokontaFungi/Metazoa groupopisthokontsMetazoaAnimaliaanimalsmetazoansmulticellular animalsBilateriaDeuterostomiadeuterostomesHaplorrhiniMammaliamammalsmammalsEumetazoaChordatachordateschordatesVertebrata <Metazoa>VertebratavertebratesvertebratesGnathostomata <vertebrate>Gnathostomatajawed vertebratesSarcopterygiiCraniata <chordata>CraniataEutheriaPlacentaliaeutherian mammalsplacental mammalsplacentalsplacentalsPrimatesPrimataprimateprimatesCatarrhiniHominidaePongidaegreat apesHomoHomo sapiensGC_ID:1humanhumansmanncbi_taxonomyNumber of SiblingsAn individual's total number of brothers and sisters.Qualitative ConceptC102469C0557094Number of SiblingsNumber of SiblingsFDAAge at Time of VaccinationOrganism AttributeThe age of the subject at the time of the vaccination.FDAAge at the Time of VaccinationAge at Time of VaccinationAge at Time of VaccinationC103173C3641107Religious GroupReligious GroupA group of people characterized by the practice of a common religion.Population GroupReligious GroupC0597369C103282Sephardic JewA member of the Jewish faith whose ancestors lived in North Africa, the Middle East, Portugal or Spain.Sephardic JewA person of Sephardic Jewish descent.SephardiSEPHARDIC JEWC103283C0574825Population GroupSephardic JewOther RaceIndividuals who do not necessarily identify with any particular race or others who do not wish to self select into a racial category(ies).C0425379OTHER RACEOther RaceOther RaceC104495Population GroupRACEOTHAge at MenopauseThe age at which permanent cessation of menses occurs.The age at which permanent cessation of menses occurred. (NCI)Age at MenopauseCDISCMenopause AgeC1629609C106497Clinical AttributeAge at MenopauseMENOAGEOther AsianPopulation GroupOther AsianOther AsianC0438971A person having origins in the original peoples of Asia, but not China, India, Korea, the Philippine Islands or Vietnam.FDAC107601Other Pacific IslanderFDAOther Pacific IslanderPopulation GroupC107602A person having origins in the original peoples of the Pacific Islands, but not Guam, Hawaii, the Mariana Islands or Samoa.Other Pacific IslanderC1553351Mexican or Mexican AmericanPopulation GroupFDAMexican or Mexican AmericanMexican or Mexican AmericanC107607A person of Mexican or Mexican American culture or origin, regardless of race.C3829110CubanCubanC1553379Population GroupA person of Cuban culture or origin, regardless of race.C107608CUBANA person of Cuban descent.FDACubanOther Hispanic or Latino(a)FDAA person of Spanish culture or origin, but not Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, regardless of race.Population GroupOther Hispanic or Latino(a)Other Hispanic or Latino(a)C3828691C107609Conception AgeThe time elapsed between the day of conception and the day of delivery.The time elapsed between the day of conception and the day of delivery.Post-Conceptual AgeC3827345Post-Conceptional AgeOrganism AttributeConceptional AgeConception AgeConceptual AgeC114088NICHDConception AgeConception AgeCorrected AgeOrganism AttributeChronological age reduced by the number of weeks born before 40 weeks of gestation; most appropriately used to describe children up to 3 years of age who were born preterm.Corrected Gestational AgeC3831006Adjusted AgeNICHDCorrected AgeCorrected AgeCorrected AgeC114089Chronological age reduced by the number of weeks born before 40 weeks of gestation; most appropriately used to describe children up to 3 years of age who were born preterm.Postmenstrual AgeOrganism AttributeC114090Best estimate of the first day of last menstrual period to birth plus time elapsed from day of birth.Best estimate of the first day of last menstrual period to birth plus time elapsed from day of birth.C3828508Postmenstrual AgePostmenstrual AgePostmenstrual AgeNICHDVery Low Birth WeightGAIAFindingVLBWC114935Birth weight less than 1500 grams.C0282666Birth weight less than 1500 grams.Very Low Birth WeightVery Low Birth WeightVery Low Birth WeightNICHDExtremely Low Birth WeightC0456065ELBWBirth weight less than 1000 grams.Birth weight less than 1000 grams.GAIAC114936NICHDExtremely Low Birth WeightExtremely Low Birth WeightExtremely Low Birth WeightFindingUltra Low Birth WeightBirth weight less than 750 grams.Ultra Low Birth WeightC114937FindingUltra Low Birth WeightULBWC3896584Self-EmployedSelf-EmployedC116000Self-EmploymentFunctional ConceptSelf-EmployedSelf-employedThe earning of income directly from customers, clients, or other organizations rather than as a specified salary or wages from an employer.C0425092Salaried Annual EmploymentSalaried Annual WorkerSalaried annualSalaried Annual EmploymentAn employment agreement where the employer pays an arranged amount at a steady yearly interval regardless of hours worked.Functional ConceptC116001Salaried Annual EmploymentC3897659Hourly EmploymentFunctional ConceptAn employment arrangement where a worker is compensated a wage based on the number of hours worked.Hourly EmploymentHourly EmploymentWages hourlyC0681101Hourly Wage EmploymentC116002Ideal Body WeightIdeal Body WeightIdeal Body WeightCDISCA person's optimum weight as calculated by a standard methodology.Quantitative ConceptIDEALWTC117976A person's optimum weight as calculated by a standard methodology.C0421272Social Security Retirement BenefitC0037435The money received by retired workers who have paid in to the Social Security system during their working years.C120451Social Security Retirement BenefitSocial Security Retirement BenefitSocial SecurityGroup AttributePensionC120452A fixed sum paid regularly to a person by their former employer.Group AttributePensionPensionC0030854Left Ventricular End Diastolic PressureLVEDPThe pressure within the left ventricle following the completion of diastolic filling, just prior to systole.The pressure within the left ventricle of the heart at the end of the period when the chambers of the heart refill with blood and just before the contraction begins.Quantitative ConceptLeft Ventricular End Diastolic PressureLeft Ventricular End Diastolic PressureC120919CDISCC0456190Left Ventricular Systolic PressureThe pressure in the left ventricle at any point prior to the ejection of its contents into the aorta (systole).Left Ventricular Systolic PressureThe pressure within the left ventricle of the heart during the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart.Quantitative ConceptC0456189LVSYSBPCDISCLeft Ventricular Systolic PressureC120920Estimated Gestational AgeEGESTAGEEstimated Gestational AgeAn approximate calculation of the gestational age of the fetus.C0262472An approximate calculation of the gestational age of the fetus.Estimated Gestational AgeC122188CDISCOrganism AttributeNumber of Years of EducationCDISCNumber of Years of EducationEDUYRNUMC4054327Qualitative ConceptC122393Number of Years of EducationThe number of years of education that a person has completed.The number of education years that a subject has competed.Age at First EpisodeAge at First EpisodeThe age at which the first episode occurred.C4085940C124438The age at which the first episode occurred.Age At First EpisodeCDISCAge at First EpisodeAGEEPSD1Organism AttributeAge at First HospitalizationC124439The age at which the first hospitalization event occurred.C4085941Organism AttributeAGEHOSP1Age At First HospitalizationThe age at which the first hospitalization event occurred.CDISCAge at First HospitalizationAge at First HospitalizationAge at First TreatmentAge at First TreatmentC124440Age At First TreatmentC4085942AGETRT1The age at which the first treatment for the condition occurred.The age at which the first treatment event occurred.Age at First TreatmentOrganism AttributeCDISCGravid Uterus Adjusted Maternal Body WeightThe maternal body weight adjusted for the weight of the gravid uterus. This is derived by subtracting the gravid uterus weight from the total maternal body weight.Conceptual EntityGravid Uterus Adjusted Maternal Body WeightGravid Uterus Adjusted Maternal Body WeightC124477C4086368BWADJGUCDISCGravid Uterus Adjusted Body WeightThe maternal body weight adjusted for the weight of the gravid uterus. This is derived by subtracting the gravid uterus weight from the total maternal body weight.Fetal Body WeightFetal Body WeightAn estimate or direct measurement of the heaviness of a fetus.BWFETALThe weight of a fetus.CDISCConceptual EntityC124479Fetal Body WeightC0751992Average Live Fetal WeightC124627A measurement of the average weight of all live fetuses.A measurement of the average weight of all live fetuses.CDISCC4086012Conceptual EntityAverage Live Fetal WeightAverage Live Fetal WeightFWAVGLAverage Female Live Fetal WeightFWAVGLFCDISCC124628A measurement of the average weight of all live female fetuses.Average Female Live Fetal WeightC4086011Conceptual EntityAverage Female Live Fetal WeightA measurement of the average weight of all live female fetuses.Average Male Live Fetal WeightFWAVGLMA measurement of the average weight of all live male fetuses.C124629A measurement of the average weight of all live male fetuses.Average Male Live Fetal WeightC4086996Average Male Live Fetal WeightConceptual EntityCDISCTotal Live Fetal WeightCDISCC4086909A measurement of the total weight of all live fetuses.C124630Total Live Fetal WeightTotal Live Fetal WeightConceptual EntityFWTOTLA measurement of the total weight of all live fetuses.Age of MajorityOrganism AttributeCL504920The age at which a minor assumes legal control over their person, actions, and decisions.C126362Age of MajorityAge of MajorityCentral AfricanCentral AfricanDenotes a person whose ancestry is in any of the countries of the central part of the African continent: Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda.C0238602Central AfricanC126528Population GroupNorth AfricanC126529C0238604Population GroupNorth AfricanNorth AfricanDenotes a person whose ancestry is in any of the countries of the northern part of the African continent: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, and Western Sahara.South AfricanSouth AfricanPopulation GroupC126530South AfricanC0238605Denotes a person whose ancestry is in the country of South Africa.Latin AmericanA person of Latin American descent.C126531Latin AmericanC1553378LATIN AMERICANPopulation GroupDenotes a person whose ancestry is in any of the countries of the Americas or the Caribbean where Spanish or Portuguese is spoken.Latin AmericanSouth AmericanC126532C0425359SOUTH AMERICANDenotes a person whose ancestry is in any of the countries of South America.A person of South American descent.South AmericanSouth AmericanPopulation GroupSoutheast AsianPopulation GroupC0238697C126533Southeast AsianSoutheast AsianDenotes a person whose ancestry is in any of the Asian countries south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.Central AsianCentral AsianCentral AsianDenotes a person whose ancestry is in any of the Asian countries between the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north.C126534C0238696Population GroupAustralianC126535AustralianPopulation GroupC0238711AustralianDenotes a person whose ancestry is in the country or continent of Australia.New ZealanderNew ZealanderNew ZealanderPopulation GroupC126536Denotes a person whose ancestry is in the country of New Zealand.CL505027IcelanderPopulation GroupDenotes a person whose ancestry is in the country of Iceland.IcelanderIcelanderC126537C0337808IcelandicScandinavianC0240951Denotes a person whose ancestry is in the countries of Scandinavia: Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Finland and Iceland are generally included as part of the Scandinavian region.C126538ScandinavianScandinavianPopulation GroupAmerican EthnicityAmerican EthnicityAmericasPopulation GroupA collection of ethnic geographical categories including African American, North American, Latin American, Caribbean, and South American.AmericanAmerican EthnicityC0596070C128457Australian/New Zealand EthnicityAustralian/New Zealand EthnicityAustralian/New Zealand EthnicityPopulation GroupCL509688C128458Australian/New ZealandA collection of ethnic geographical categories including Australian and New Zealander.Intercontinental EthnicityC128459Population GroupIntercontinental EthnicityCL509475A collection of ethnic geographical categories including Middle Eastern and Hispanic.Intercontinental EthnicityIntercontinentalAfrican AmericanAfrican AmericanA person having origins in the original peoples of sub-Saharan Africa and the United States.C128937Afro AmericanCL415133AFRICAN AMERICANDenotes a person of African ancestral origins whose family settled in America.African AmericanPopulation GroupBlackC0005680A person having origins in the original peoples of sub-Saharan Africa or the Caribbean.Black PopulationsPopulation GroupC128938BLACKCDISCBlackBlackBlack Central AmericanBLACK CENTRAL AMERICANDenotes a person of African ancestral origins whose family settled in Central America.CL512097Population GroupC128991Black Central AmericanBlack Central AmericanA person having origins in the original peoples of sub-Saharan Africa and Central America.Black South AmericanCL512098BLACK SOUTH AMERICANC128992A person having origins in the original peoples of sub-Saharan Africa and South America.Black South AmericanPopulation GroupDenotes a person of African ancestral origins whose family settled in South America.Black South AmericanWhite Central AmericanCL512246A person having origins in the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa, and Central America.C128993White Central AmericanWHITE CENTRAL AMERICANA person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa and Central America.White Central AmericanPopulation Group