NEW DELHI: A closer look at the outlay for defence in the union budget 2011-12 reveals some anomalies that could have a far-reaching effect on the growth and development of Indiaâ€™s fighting arms.

While accepting the 11.6 per cent increase in the defence outlay over last yearâ€™s revised estimate figures as adequate, experts say there are worrying trends in spending that need to be corrected.

On the revenue side, salaries and allowances have gone up by nearly Rs50 billion over the revised estimates. In fact, the revised estimates themselves had gone up nearly Rs30 billion over last yearâ€™s budget estimates. This clearly indicates that a plan by General VP Malik, a former chief of army staff, a few years ago to downsize the army has not been put into motion. â€œIn fact, this plan (to downsize) has been rolled back and this is going to be a serious problem in the future,â€ said Laxman Behera, an expert on defence finance in the Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses. The armyâ€™s salaries and allowances outlay alone account for Rs642.51 billion, up from a revised estimate figure of Rs 605.30 billion in 2010-11.

The burgeoning size of the three arms naturally reflects in the pension bill. Defence pensions were Rs250 billion in the year 2010-2011. They have increased to Rs340 billion in 2011-12 on account of arrears accruing from the Sixth Pay Commission award. Pensions, Behera says, are growing at slightly under 10 per cent annually, and raise questions about the long-term viability of defence spending.

However, experts say the fact that allocations for â€˜stores; â€“ the equipment, food and other day-to-day necessitiesâ€“ is going up (from a revised estimate of Rs213.82 billion to Rs227.99 billion in 2011-12) for the three services is heartening for it represents improvement in the quality of life of troops as well as of officers.

On the capital outlay, Behera says the fine print suggests that although the three services did not return money to the treasury unutilised, there is a wide gap in the money allocated under some heads and its actual utilisation. For instance, in the 2010 -11 budget, the army was allotted Rs6.36 billion for aircraft. But it managed to spend only Rs1.48 billion. However, because it spent more than it was allocated under other capital heads, the gap is not visible. So the underlying issue â€“ that of utilisation of money in time â€“ continues to be a cause for concern.