This book is a comprehensive introduction to ultrasonography of the skin, nails, and scalp as it relates to the assessment and diagnosis of dermatologic diseases. It provides a concise understanding of the diagnosis of dermatologic conditions through extensive high-resolution gray scale and color Doppler ultrasound images and presents classical correlations of clinical dermatologic lesions with sonographic and histologic findings.

Using hybrid x-ray/MR (XMR) systems for image guidance during interventional procedures can enhance the diagnosis and treatment of neurologic, oncologic, cardiovascular, and other disorders. XMR suites have become more available, with various vendors offering dual-modality solutions. These systems combine the three-dimensional imaging capabilities and excellent soft tissue contrast provided by MR with the high spatial/temporal resolution and accurate device tracking provided by x-ray. To eliminate system compatibility concerns, the suites typically have long travel distances between MR and x-ray components. As a result, switching between modalities requires shuttling the patient several meters from one system to the other. Because patients typically have critically placed monitoring systems and intravenous lines for drug delivery and anesthesia, the cumbersome shuttling process impedes repeated switching between the modalities. To circumvent the hurdles associated with alternating between modalities, we proposed a close proximity hybrid system design in which a c-arm fluoroscopy unit is placed immediately adjacent to a closed bore MR system with a minimum distance of 1.2 meters between the x-ray and MR imaging field of views. Placing the x-ray system so close to the MR bore requires an x-ray tube capable of operating in a relatively strong MR fringe field environment. Existing rotating anode x-ray tube designs fail within MR fringe field environments because the magnetic fields alter the electron trajectories in the x-ray tube and act as a brake on the induction motor, reducing the rotation speed of the anode. In my work, I have developed (1) techniques to correct for the altered electron trajectories and (2) a novel motor design that eliminates the reduced rotation speed of the anode. Altering electron trajectories between the cathode and anode affects the location, size, and shape of the x-ray tube focal spot on the anode. I proposed a combination of approaches to control the trajectories. First, I derived an active magnetic shielding design using constrained optimization techniques that minimizes power consumption and heat deposition in the external deflection coils. I then adapted my shielding design to include rare earth permanent magnets, to further reduce the power and size requirements of the coils. Finally, I designed a split-focusing cup that controls the electron trajectories via electrostatic mechanisms, providing an alternative that is more space efficient and MR-compatible. High rotation speed of the anode is needed for sufficient instantaneous heat loading on the target area, to achieve the needed x-ray tube output. There is currently no available motor design to rotate the anode in the expected magnetic environment. To solve this problem, I designed a new motor that operates efficiently within the fringe field. The design is analogous to a modified three-pole brushed DC motor, with the radial component of the MR fringe field replacing the permanent magnet stator field used in conventional brushed DC motors. The motor support bearings provide rotating electrical contacts, while feedback signals from a position sensor control electrical commutation. A vacuum compatible prototype of the proposed motor design was assembled, and its performance was evaluated at various field strengths and orientations. Combining the control mechanisms for the electron trajectories with the new motor design yields a robust x-ray tube capable of operating in fringe fields with magnitudes on the order of 0.1 to 0.2 T.

Understanding human brain function is one of the most important endeavors in modern science. There is growing evidence that cognitive functions are executed by large-scale networks, comprising multiple interacting anatomically-connected brain areas. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding which specific brain areas are involved in particular cognitive functions, very little is known about the integrative functioning of large-scale brain networks. This is due in part to the lack of methods to pursue this line of research. This dissertation describes computational methods for detecting and characterizing large-scale human brain networks, combining data from task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and structural diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), two complementary brain imaging modalities. Application of our methods to task-free fMRI and DTI data obtained from a wide range of subject populations provided new insights into how large-scale human brain networks develop, mature, and get disrupted in psychiatric and neurological disorders. More generally, this work demonstrates the power of our multimodal network-analytic approach to obtain a system-level understanding of brain function across the human lifespan.

Due to the sequential nature of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data acquisition, correction of image artifacts originating from involuntary patient motion is essential for reliable diagnostic quality. Especially during MRI scans of certain patient populations such as children, elderly or patients with certain medical conditions (e.g. stroke, Parkinson's), motion correction methods must be incorporated into the MR imaging protocol for adequate image quality. With increased demands for higher resolution or time-resolved examinations (e.g. functional MRI), examination times also increase and even willing patients might have trouble staying still during the course of the examination. The first part of this thesis provides a method for retrospective correction of head motion artifacts using a multi-shot spiral-in \& out readout and parallel-imaging based iterative image reconstruction. The spiral-in part provided a low resolution image that was used for measurement of head motion. Due to rotational motion, locally undersampled areas appear in MR acquisition space (i.e., k-space), which violate the Nyquist theorem and cause artifacts even after motion correction. These artifacts were addressed through the data redundancy provided by multiple receiver channels that is present in modern receiver coils and an iterative conjugate-gradient based reconstruction. This method was then applied to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with multi-shot readout. Since DTI uses directional gradients to encode diffusion, rotational motion causes the image contrast to change, and it becomes incorrect to combine data with varying diffusion encodings on them. To address this issue, a non-linear conjugate gradient based reconstruction is presented and it is shown that this method provided more accurate description of white matter pathways compared to traditional methods. In the second part of this thesis, a prospective motion correction system using an optical tracking device is presented. Such systems are preferable compared to retrospective navigator-based methods due to various reasons, such as ability to perform motion correction independent of the MR data acquisition and immunity to spin history effects. The system proposed used a single camera mounted on the head coil and a self-encoded checkerboard marker mounted on the patient's forehead. Results on structural and diffusion imaging revealed that prospective motion correction outperforms retrospective navigator-based schemes. In the last part of the thesis, entropy-based retrospective autofocusing was used in combination with motion data obtained from prospective tracking to remove residual motion artifacts in the images. This method was especially useful for removing errors caused by inaccurate cross-calibration between the scanner and camera frame-of-references. It was also shown that prospective tracking can be the enabling technology for autofocusing in 3D acquisitions.

"A practical approach to the early detection and management of breast cancer. This lavishly illustrated atlas provides radiologists with essential information for the differential diagnosis of breast diseases on the basis of clinical presentation, mammography, and ultrasound. The book begins with chapters on tumor biology, prognostic factors, and histology. The authors then provide a thorough evaluation of various methods for early detection and accurate diagnosis, including analog and digital mammography, ultrasound, MR imaging, PET/CT, and interventional procedures. They discuss in detail the strengths and limitations of each imaging modality, aspects of quality control, test intervals, peri- and postoperative management principles, and follow-up care.Highlights:- Presentation of difficult cases that effectively demonstrate the diagnostic hurdles and forensic pitfalls in breast diagnosis- Special sections on breast cancer in men and young women, with discussion of women who are pregnant or lactating- Color-coded practical tips and clinical notes for optimal comprehension of the material- Extensive Q&A sections for self-testing in two major chapters - More than 1,700 high-quality illustrations, including clinical color photographs, ultrasound images, and mammograms"--Provided by publisher.

"Encompassing the entire spectrum of breast imaging and diagnostics, this acclaimed text provides a systematic and pragmatic guide for all clinicians involved in diagnosing breast disease. The new third edition has been fully updated to include advances in mammography, ultrasound, breast MRI, percutaneous interventions, and emerging technologies, with pros and cons and evidence-based approaches throughout. Special features of the third edition: Coverage of the field, with comprehensive sections on examination procedures and technical requirements; histologic, clinical, and radiologic appearance of a wide range of breast pathologies; results of international screening studies; and much more. Nearly 1,200 clear radiographic images showing normal findings, benign and malignant disorders, and post-traumatic, post-surgical, and post-therapeutic changes to the breast. Innovations in digital mammography, tomosynthesis, and computer assisted detection (CAD); new chapters on imaging of implants, lesions of uncertain malignant potential, developing technologies; and more. A systematic, highly reproducible methodology for detection, diagnosis, and assessment of findings. Easy-to-follow flowcharts for the diagnostic work-up of both typical and atypical cases. Written by world-renowned authorities with decades of clinical experience, this book provides a brilliant orientation to the multimodality diagnostic approach and therapeutic significance of breast imaging findings. It is an essential reference and board review for radiologists, residents and fellows, gynecologists, oncologists, surgeons, technologists, and any other interdisciplinary specialist working to improve outcomes in breast disease"--Provided by publisher.

The available textbooks on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) typically focus on technique and interpretation of commonly observed images and scenarios and are aimed primarily at trainees. However, independent practitioners of EUS are often challenged by unusual cases which they are expected to handle competently despite the absence of authoritative guidance. The Diagnostic Endosonography aims to fill this gap by presenting carefully selected cases that will expand the practitioner's knowledge base and cover important clinical challenges. The case material is organized principally according to anatomic site. Approximately 170 case reports are included, each of which is accompanied by an average of three to five high-quality EUS images; in addition, CT and PET scans are shown when appropriate. For each case, the case description is followed by helpful 'teaching points' as well as up-to-date literature references and suggestions for future research.

This book introduces the diagnosis of Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs), including newly emerging infectious diseases and also infectious diseases that show resistance to present treatments. Radiographic examinations are of great value in EIDs diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment efficacy assessment and prognosis evaluation. This book covers severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), human avian influenza (H5N1, H7N9), influenza A (H1N1), hand-foot-mouth disease, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), viral hepatitis, pulmonary tuberculosis. All seven of these EIDs are associated with high incidence and mortality. This book details the imaging techniques, radiological appearance and characteristics of EIDs, and diagnosis and differential diagnosis of EID-related complications. Considering the unique and in some cases only partially understood nature of EIDs, appropriate space is provided in this book for the detailed explanation of the etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory tests, clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and prognosis of EIDs. As such, it will be a valuable resource for improving the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of EIDs. Editors Pu-Xuan Lu and Bo-Ping Zhou are professors at Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, China.

With its complex anatomy and specialized biomechanics, the human hand has always presented physicians with a unique challenge when it comes to diagnosing and treating the diseases that afflict it. And while recent decades have seen a rapid increase in the number of therapeutic options, many diseases and injuries of the hand are still commonly misinterpreted. In this book, an interdisciplinary team, comprising specialists in radiology, surgery, and rheumatology, presents a comprehensive, reliable guide to this topographically intricate area. Highlights include: More than 1,000 high-quality illustrations; state-of-the-art imaging modalities -- including multiline spiral CR, with 2D displays and 3D reconstructions, and contrast -- enhanced MRI with multi-channel, phased-array coils; an overview of all currently used methods of examination; a detailed presentation of the anatomic and functional foundations necessary for diagnosis; full coverage of all disorders of the hand; and systematic treatment of each disease's definition, pathogenesis, and clinical symptoms, according to a graduated diagnostic plan.

""Diagnostic Pediatric Ultrasound is a complete "go-to" reference for daily practice. It clearly shows why ultrasound is the pediatric imaging modality of first choice, offering safe, noninvasive, high-quality results, leading to an accurate diagnosis. It provides a wide range of normal reference images for comparison with pathologic findings. This book contains instructive ultrasound videos available on Thieme Media Center showing diagnoses.""--Provided by publisher.

From signs and symptoms to key diagnosis of urological diseases, Diagnostic Techniques in Urology focuses on the current status of urological investigations. This book looks at common conditions of prostate and renal cancer, discusses emergency urological diagnosis, and examines the evaluation of benign diseases as well as miscellaneous urological conditions including erectile dysfunction, incontinence and prostatitis. Bringing together contributions from major international leaders in the field, Diagnostic Techniques in Urology is a useful, easy-to-read book which will benefit urologists and other clinicians interested in urology.

Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging provides a unified description of the physical principles of ultrasound imaging, signal processing, systems and measurements. This comprehensive reference is a core resource for both graduate students and engineers in medical ultrasound research and design. With continuing rapid technological development of ultrasound in medical diagnosis, it is a critical subject for biomedical engineers, clinical and healthcare engineers and practitioners, medical physicists, and related professionals in the fields of signal and image processing. The book contains 17 new and updated chapters covering the fundamentals and latest advances in the area, and includes four appendices, 450 figures (60 available in color), and almost 1,500 references. In addition to the continual influx of readers entering the field of ultrasound worldwide who need the broad grounding in the core technologies of ultrasound, this book provides those already working in these areas with clear and comprehensive expositions of these key new topics as well as introductions to state-of-the-art innovations in this field. Enables practicing engineers, students and clinical professionals to understand the essential physics and signal processing techniques behind modern imaging systems as well as introducing the latest developments that will shape medical ultrasound in the futureSuitable for both newcomers and experienced readers, the practical, progressively organized applied approach is supported by hands-on MATLAB code and worked examples that enable readers to understand the principles underlying diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound. Covers the new important developments in the use of medical ultrasound: elastography and high-intensity therapeutic ultrasound. Many new developments are comprehensively reviewed and explained, including aberration correction, acoustic measurements, acoustic radiation force imaging, alternate imaging architectures, bioeffects: diagnostic to therapeutic, Fourier transform imaging, multimode imaging, plane wave compounding, research platforms, synthetic aperture, vector Doppler, transient shear wave elastography, ultrafast imaging and Doppler, functional ultrasound and viscoelastic models.

"This unique, findings-oriented guide to computed tomography is organized to reflect the way radiologists really work: progressing from general impressions to definitive diagnoses. In nearly 1000 high-quality scabs, the radiologist will find CT findings depicting frequently encountered congenital and acquired diseases and disorders. Included in the wide-ranging survey of CT findings are traumatic injuries; congenital anomalies; and infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, and degenerative disease processes. For convenience, these are grouped anatomically by brain, head and neck, spine, musculoskeletal system, chest, abdomen, and pelvis. In addition, the book's extensive index systematically cross-references diseases and CT findings, providing even greater accessibility to key information"--Provided by publisher.

"Efficiency is the key word at the heart of the concept for this diagnostic atlas - efficiency of presentation and diagnostic efficiency achieved through its use. The contents are arranged in chapters according to organ or body part. Each chapter begins with a list of the radiographic findings referring to the relevant table/page number for that finding. The text within these tables is presented under three columns: possible diagnoses, radiographic findings, and general comments. Corresponding sample images of the highest quality are then provided for the more common conditions throughout. Rare diseases are marked with asterisks and are illustrated where appropriate. The hard-pressed radiologist will welcome this work as an efficient and reliable guide to the interpretation of pediatric images"--Provided by publisher.

The biology, behavior and management of diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGG) in adults have been matters of controversy for many decades. However, recent technical and conceptual advances in genetics, imaging and treatments have paved the way towards individualized management. In addition, advancing knowledge of brain processing means that it is possible to take into consideration the interaction between the disease (low-grade glioma) and the host (the brain) and thus to modulate the therapeutic strategies with the goal to increase the median survival as well as to improve the quality of life. Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas in Adults: Natural History, Interaction with the Brain, and New Individualized Therapeutic Strategies presents the latest research pertaining to the diagnosis, therapy and management of diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGG) in adults, with a particular focus on the path towards individualized therapy for this kind of tumor. Recent research on the natural history of DLGGs and their interaction with the brain has led to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies which increase survival and quality of life of the patient, and these methods are described in this book. This book uniquely focuses on addressing diffuse low-grade gliomas in adults and is a valuable resource for medical oncologists, neuro-oncologists and neurologists.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a variation of diffusion-weighed imaging. Particularly in the neurosciences, this technique has gained tremendous momentum in the past decade, both from a technical point of view as well as in its applications. DTI is mainly used in neurological diagnosis and psychiatric and neurologic research, e.g. in order to locate brain tumors and depict their invasivity. DTI offers a unique in-vivo insight into the three-dimensional structure of the human central nervous system. While easy interpretation and evaluation is often hampered by the complexity of both the technique and neuroanatomy, this atlas helps you recognize every one of the important structures rapidly and unambiguously.In the introduction, this atlas provides a concise outline of the evolution of diffusion imaging and describes its potential applications. In the core part of the atlas, the neuroanatomically important structures are clearly labeled both on DTI-derived color maps and conventional MRI. Complex fiber architecture is illustrated schematically and described concisely in textboxes directly on the relevant page. In the final part of the atlas, a straightforward, step-by-step approach for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the most prominent fiber structures is given, and potential pitfalls are indicated.The atlas aims at neuroscientists, neuroanatomists, neurologists, psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, physicists, and computer scientists. For advanced users, the atlas may serve as a reference work, while students and scientists are thoroughly introduced into DTI.

Fundus images of the retina are color images of the eye taken by specially designed digital cameras. Ophthalmologists rely on fundus images to diagnose various diseases that affect the eye, such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. A crucial preliminary step in the analysis of retinal images is the identification and localization of important anatomical structures, such as the optic nerve head (ONH), the macula, and the major vascular arcades. Identification of the ONH is an important initial step in the detection and analysis of the anatomical structures and pathological features in the retina. Different types of retinal pathology may be detected and analyzed via the application of appropriately designed techniques of digital image processing and pattern recognition. Computer-aided analysis of retinal images has the potential to facilitate quantitative and objective analysis of retinal lesions and abnormalities. Accurate identification and localization of retinal features and lesions could contribute to improved diagnosis, treatment, and management of retinopathy.

Making a good diagnostic image is only the beginning; keeping it good and diagnostically sound is a much more difficult proposition, one that is often neglected or forgotten by clinical practitioners. With anything digital, the assumption of persistent original quality opens a Pandora's box of medical fiascos. Poorly selected image interpolation, thoughtlessly used compression, confused image enhancement options and the like can transform a good original into a useless clutter of pixels. This book is dedicated to learning better options.

This up-to-date, evidence-based book covers the whole range of mammography and mammography-related techniques used in practice, and also the rapid and increasingly sophisticated evolution of mammographic clinical practice and technology.A wide range of topics, from the psychological and emotional support required from the practitioner to all aspects of screening and symptomatic mammographic imaging, are discussed. Digital Mammography: A Holistic Approach is aimed at radiographers, technicians, technologists, physicists, nurses and medical practitioners worldwide, and enables the reader to gain a better understanding of techniques, equipment and anatomy.

Digital retinal imaging performed by primary care providers and nurses, followed by remote image interpretation (teleretinal imaging), is rapidly acquiring a crucial role in many parts of the world as it permits the detection of major diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma, in patients who would otherwise be beyond the reach of a trained ophthalmologist. In this book, experts from around the world describe how digital teleretinal screening can be set up and optimally utilized. Technical issues are discussed, and the appropriate use of screening for different diseases and in different age groups is explained. The major part of the book draws upon the clinical experience of leading practitioners in a wide range of teleretinal applications. The result is a comprehensive source of high-quality information for clinicians and other health professionals who are involved in eye care delivery, so that they can assess how teleretinal screening might be applied to their working practice.

This book deals with neuroimaging of the brain, head, neck, and spine. During the last few years, there have been considerable advances in this subject, driven by clinical as well as technological developments. The authors, internationally renowned experts in their field, have contributed chapters that are disease-oriented and cover all relevant imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. As a result, this book offers a comprehensive review of the state of the art in neuroimaging. It is particularly relevant for general radiologists, radiology residents, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and other clinicians wishing to update their knowledge in this discipline.

This book covers the full range of current applications of Doppler sonography in infancy and childhood, describing the variety of potential findings with the aid of a wealth of images. After an introductory chapter on the physical and technical basis of Doppler sonography, applications of cerebral Doppler sonography in infancy and of transcranial Doppler sonography in childhood are addressed, with numerous examples of imaging appearances. The major part of the book is devoted to Doppler sonography of the brain, face and neck and of the abdomen, covering normal abdominal vessels, liver, spleen, pancreas, and mesenteric and renal circulation. Imaging of the ovaries and testes is also presented, encompassing the differential diagnosis of acute scrotum and other space-occupying lesions of the testis. The book closes by considering Doppler sonography of soft tissue and vascular malformations, and the influence of congenital heart malformations on flow parameters in peripheral arteries. Doppler Sonography in Infancy and Childhood will be an invaluable reference for pediatricians, neonatologists, pediatric sonographers, and pediatric and general radiologists.

This book focuses on the rapidly developing and promising novel applications of Dual Energy CT (DECT) in cardiovascular medicine. Although developed many years ago, DECT represents the newest significant advancement in the field of computed tomography, the clinical utility of which has recently expanded as many new applications have been developed. In the field of cardiovascular medicine, DECT has been applied for purposes such as the evaluation of myocardial ischemia, myocardial viability and atherosclerotic plaque characterization. As the first book of its kind, Dual-Energy CT in Cardiovascular Imaging contains practical and clinically relevant information on the protocols used that provide precise quantification of coronary artery stenosis using either different monochromatic levels or material decomposition, reduction of beam hardening artifacts in perfusion studies and optimizing endovenous contrast, among others. It is therefore a valuable read for residents, fellows and practicing clinicians in cardiac imaging and cardiology.

This book describes in detail the use of duplex ultrasound for exploration of the superficial veins and their pathology. It has a practical orientation, presenting numerous clinical situations and explaining how to identify the different sources of reflux, specially in the groin. The investigation of pathology of the saphenous trunks, perforators, and side branches is described in detail. As duplex ultrasound plays an important role during various venous surgical procedures, its application pre-, intra-, and postoperatively is presented. Furthermore, the sonographic appearances of thrombotic pathology of superficial and deep veins, edema, and other conditions that may be observed while exploring the veins are fully described. The book is based on the authors{u2019} extensive clinical experience and is intended to assist fellow practitioners who want to learn more about the technique. It includes a wealth of informative images with the aim of covering every potential situation.

The utilization of x-ray computed tomography (CT) has increased dramatically in recent decades. While extremely useful, a major drawback of CT scans is their use of ionizing radiation. Today, one quarter of the radiation dose received by the U.S. population can be attributed to CT scans. We present the use of a dynamic attenuator which is capable of personalizing the radiation usage in the scan. This attenuator is inspired by a stationary-source, inverse geometry CT scanner, which is an architecture with several advantages but which is also very complex. The dynamic attenuator consists of a series of movable wedges which together produce a time-varying, piecewise-linear thickness profile. In simulations, this attenuator reduces dose by 30% in nontargeted scans and 50% in targeted scans without increasing peak noise. On many datasets, this attenuator can also achieve order-of-magnitude dynamic range reductions, which may aid in the adoption of photon-counting detectors, a separate technology which may provide additional dose reductions. We show that most of these dose reduction benefits can be achieved using a real-time control algorithm to position the wedges dynamically during the scan. Additionally, we have developed a framework for optimizing the control of a broad range of dynamic attenuators. A prototype system suggests that the level of artifacts produced by the wedge transitions is within the range of tens of Hounsfield units, although further refinements are expected to reduce artifacts. Based on these positive results, we believe that this dynamic, piecewise-linear attenuator is a practical and effective option for CT.

T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) breast MRI has shown high sensitivity in detecting tumors, but has suffered from low specificity. Accuracy of tumor detection and characterization is enhanced by high temporal and spatial resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), reliable fat suppression, and reduction of flow artifacts. This thesis presents imaging techniques for improving DCE breast MRI in terms of imaging speed and image quality. It first demonstrates that slab-phase modulation of the two breast slabs improves parallel imaging quality in terms of SNR and aliasing artifacts. Second, it presents temporal acceleration scheme by using parallel imaging to achieve high temporal resolution. Thorough patient study results are also included. Third, it shows that fat suppression can be improved by applying independent shimming to each breast through in vivo experiments. Finally, it demonstrates that partial saturation can eliminate flow artifacts efficiently in RF-spoiled gradient-echo sequences. This technique would be helpful to quantification of kinetic parameters from DCE-MRI.

This atlas of echocardiography presents more than 100 cases of adult congenital heart disease, from diagnosis to treatment follow-up. The coverage is broad, encompassing atrial and ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, cyanotic adult congenital heart disease, and numerous other anomalies, as well as findings on fetal echocardiography. For each disease, all echocardiographic images and views which proved of diagnostic value are arranged sequentially, with inclusion of transesophageal echocardiographic images whenever appropriate. Additional pertinent information is provided relating to diagnosis and treatment, and key teaching points are highlighted. The superb quality of the illustrations and the range of cases considered (including many rare ones) ensure that this atlas will be of great value for cardiology residents and fellows and highly relevant to day-to-day practice.

Echocardiography has become an invaluable tool in intensive care medicine because of its ease of use and instantaneous provision of precise information on cardiovascular functional anatomy at the bedside. This book contains all the information that readers will require in order to perform echocardiography and lung ultrasound, and to interpret the findings correctly, permitting optimal guidance of the hemodynamic management of unstable patients. Furthermore, lung ultrasound is dealt with for both diagnosis and treatment of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. After an introductory chapter on the essential physics of ultrasonography, standard echocardiographic examination via both the transthoracic and the transesophageal approach is described. In the third section, the functional anatomy of all normal and pathologic thoracic structures as observed on echocardiography is presented in detail. A wide range of basic and advanced applications of echocardiography in the emergency and intensive care setting are then described. A final supplementary section considers further applications of ultrasound in the intensive care unit, such as ultrasound-guided vein cannulation, Doppler renal evaluation, transcranial Doppler, and lung and pleural ultrasound. This superbly illustrated book has been specifically designed to meet the needs of all intensivists, emergency physicians, and anesthesiologists who intend to use ultrasound extensively to guide optimal management of the critically ill.

This book provides a comprehensive account of the role of echocardiography in patients with mitral valve disease. The normal echocardiographic anatomy of the mitral valve is first presented, and the applications of echocardiography in mitral valve disease are then covered in detail by experts from different subspecialties in cardiology. Topics include etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, assessment of severity, and role of echocardiography in percutaneous and surgical techniques. The highly readable text is supported by a wealth of color images obtained with 3D echocardiography, currently the gold standard for the evaluation of mitral valve disease. The interdisciplinary approach used in describing the diagnostic and therapeutic applications will make this book useful for the clinical cardiologist as well as the echocardiographer. It will allow cardiologists to advance their knowledge in the field and will serve as an excellent updating tool for professionals engaged in echocardiography and cardiac diagnostic imaging.

Ultrasounds, a much reflected system -- The doctor in front of the machine -- The doctor and the machine in front of the patient -- The doctor, the machine, and the patient in front of the screen -- Learning methods -- Self-training procedure.

Electrocardiography of Laboratory Animals is the only book covering electrocardiography of laboratory animals, including dogs, mini-pigs, and cynomologus monkeys. As more countries institute requirements for the care of laboratory animals in research, this publication offers an effective standard on performing and analyzing ECGs. Topics covered include safety electrocardiography, toxicology, safety pharmacology, and telemetry. Electrocardiography of Laboratory Animals will assist biological and medical researchers, veterinarians, zoologists, and students in understanding electrocardiography of various species of animals used in research. Covers safety electrocardiography of large laboratory animals. Offers comprehensive analysis of ECGs for practical laboratory use. Includes a self-evaluation section for testing of ECG reading and analysis.

This book is a practical guide to the radiologic evaluation of acute musculoskeletal injuries of the upper and lower extremities in children. It covers the detection of more subtle and frequently missed fractures and injuries such as buckle fractures, Salter Harris I and II fractures, and epiphyseal and metaphyseal fractures. It also emphasizes the assessment of soft tissues and periarticular fat pads, which can lead to discovery of the sites of bony injuries. Other pathologies that affect the musculoskeletal system, such as infections and tumors, are also discussed. It includes over 600 magnetic resonance, computed tomography, ultrasound, and radiographic images organized by anatomic region.

This book covers pre-operative diagnosis and new techniques for dissecting early-stage gastric cancer. With abundant color figures and extensive explanations, it covers actual practice scenarios, including difficult-to-treat cases.

Owing to the alterations in visceral anatomy, many endoscopists, and especially trainees, experience difficulties when performing endoscopic surveys or procedures in patients who have previously undergone surgery to the digestive tract. In this richly illustrated book, an expert in the field provides a detailed overview of endoscopic follow-up of gastrointestinal (esophageal, gastric, and colorectal) anastomosis. Both normal appearances and pathological conditions involving complications are fully covered. The methodology, timing, protocols, and role of diagnostic endoscopy are first discussed. Endoscopic treatments for the resolution of different clinical problems related to recurrences, stenoses, dehiscences, and fistulas are then evaluated step by step with the aid of high-quality images. Regardless of level of experience, endoscopists and gastroenterologists will find Endoscopic Follow-up of Digestive Anastomosis to be an invaluable source of information and aid to treatment in this important area, which too often receives insufficiently detailed attention.

"As the understanding of human physiology has become more complete, the importance of preserving normal tissues has become increasingly clear in the field of surgery. This understanding gave birth to the concept of minimally invasive surgery that has conquered almost all surgical fields, including spine surgery. With recent advances and experience, minimally invasive spinal surgery (MISS) is gradually replacing conventional spine surgical procedures. The primary goal of MISS is to achieve outcomes comparable to those of open surgery while minimizing normal tissue damage and reducing recovery times. Advances in optics, radionavigation, and laser technology made MISS more accessible to surgeons and truly less invasive for the patient. Minimally invasive surgical techniques have touched the entire spinal column, from the cervical to the lumbosacral spine. The MISS spectrum ranges from simple disk surgeries to the most complicated spine surgeries, such as deformity correction. Of all MISS procedures, percutaneous endoscopic disk surgery has attracted the most attention from the global spine surgery community and has enjoyed phenomenal advances in sophistication in the past decade. The remainder of the chapter presents a historical account of percutaneous disk surgeries for the lumbar and cervical spine. "--Provided by publisher.

This volume reviews the history of endoscopy to diagnose small bowel disorders, places other diagnostic modalities into perspective, and defines the role of capsule endoscopy and per overtube assisted and retrograde enteroscopy in disorders as disparate as gluten sensitive enteropathy, small bowel neoplasms, and inflammatory bowel disease. The book further details the nonoperative approach to NSAID strictures, foreign body retrieval (to include impacted capsule endoscopes), and the diagnosis and treatment of chronically bleeding angiodysplastic lesions. The text is also richly illustrated with over 150 images and includes online video segments. Written by experts in the field, Endoscopy in Small Bowel Disorders is a valuable resource for medical and surgical residents, gastroenterologists in training and practice, therapeutic endoscopists, and general and colorectal surgeons.

The purpose of this book is to improve diagnostic yields of capsule endoscopy and double-balloon endoscopy, because those procedures can depict nonspecific findings that may not lead to a proper diagnosis. Another reason for the publication was recognition of the difficulty in distinguishing enteroscopic findings of ulcerative colitis from those of Crohn's disease. From a practical point of view, it is important to observe endoscopic pictures first, then to compare the images of other modalities, and finally to compare macroscopic pictures of resected specimens. For that reason, a large number of well-depicted examples of small intestinal lesions were assembled to clarify differences among small intestinal lesions that appear to exhibit similar findings and morphologies. Comparisons with radiographic findings comprise another important element in diagnosis. There are limitations in endoscopic observations of gross lesions of the small intestine, with its many convolutions. In Japan, many institutions still practice double-contrast imaging, which provides beautiful results. Because a single disorder may exhibit variations, this volume includes multiple depictions of the same disorders. Also included are lesions in active and inactive phases, as both appearances are highly likely to be encountered simultaneously in clinical practice. The number of illustrated findings therefore has been limited to strictly selected cases.

From diagnostic to therapeutic procedures, Endosonography, 3rd Edition is an easy-to-access, highly visual guide covering everything you need to effectively perform EUS, interpret your findings, diagnose accurately, and choose the best treatment course. World-renowned endosonographers help beginners apply endosonography in staging cancers, evaluating chronic pancreatitis, and studying bile duct abnormalities and submucosal lesions. Practicing endosonographers can learn cutting-edge techniques for performing therapeutic interventions such as drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts and EUS-guided anti-tumor therapy. Meticulous updates, electronic access to the fully searchable text, videos detailing various methods and procedures-and more-equip you with a complete overview of all aspects of EUS. Get a clear overview of everything you need to know to establish an endoscopic practice, from what equipment to buy to providing effective cytopathology services.

Written by expert epilepsy clinicians from the Mayo Clinic, Epilepsy Case Studies: Pearls for Patient Care presents a wide variety of case histories drawn from real life experiences in people with seizures. Designed to stimulate the same deductive reasoning that is commonly used when seeing epilepsy patients in the clinic, this practical book presents the clinical scenario and then poses a range of stimulating questions to organize the reader's thoughts to address each case. Questions that revolve around each case include common ones such as "How does this test help us with the diagnosis" and "What is the precise relationship of the patient's seizures to their overall neurological condition". The most poignant questions include "How does this information help us to devise a treatment plan?" and "What do we know about the anticipated course and prognosis?" The questions raised in each section incorporate the clinical course and evaluation. Where possible, the discussion relies upon the latest medical evidence to support the responses and includes up-to-date techniques used for patients with and without seizure control. At the end of each case a few salient citations are referenced, as are a few of the more pertinent articles that the reader can reference to obtain an overview of the topic.

This volume provides a comprehensive review of ERCP and EUS and the clinical conditions for which they are employed. Presented in a case-based format with accompanying videos, it will serve as a valuable practical clinical resource for gastroenterologists with an interest in ERCP and EUS. The text highlights major techniques involved in ERCP, reviews complications and recent data on preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis, and discusses important issues in ERCP training. The EUS chapters review the breadth of equipment available for performing EUS and EUS-FNA, detail the technique of performing EUS-FNA, and explore pertinent issues with training and assessing competency analogous to ERCP training. Valuable insights on the basics of cytopathology relevant to the endosonographer are summarized. The classic indication for EUS of staging luminal cancers is also examined in detail, while pancreaticobiliary indications are discussed highlighting newer adjunctive technologies including elastography and contrast-enhanced EUS. ERCP and EUS: A Case-Based Approach will serve as a very useful resource for physicians who perform or refer patients for ERCP and EUS. It provides a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of ERCP and EUS that will help guide patient management and stimulate clinical research. Supplementary video files are available for this book and can be accessed at http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4939-2319-9.

This book is a step-by-step manual for the complete echo-novice. The text focuses on the practicalities of performing an examination, and the interpretation of images. Avoiding unnecessary technicalities, it places particular emphasis on the diagnostic features of sample cases and covers the entire breadth of adult cardiology. The majority of the echo images are also available in a dynamic form on the Expert Consult platform. Also included is access to 100 case scenarios and images for self-assessment interpretation. Trainees in cardiology, echocardiography/cardiac physiology, anaesthetics, intensive care, general medicine, acute medicine, accident and emergency and cardiothoracic surgery.

This book offers an excellent review of the various rheumatological conditions, both common and uncommon, that may present on imaging on a daily basis. The book uses a unique format that will be beneficial for clinicians, radiologists, medical students, and consultant staff. The text is written by both rheumatology and radiology staff to provide a balanced approach. A clinical overview and the common clinical presentations are briefly reviewed for each condition followed by a more detailed discussion of imaging findings produced by the various imaging modalities, including radiographs, ultrasound, MRI, CT, and nuclear medicine. This book details the imaging of normal musculoskeletal anatomy and pathology; discusses image-guided musculoskeletal interventions; and examines disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, connective tissue disease, osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, infection-related arthritis, soft tissue calcification, and bone and synovial tumors. Featuring over 600 multi-part, high-resolution images of rheumatic diseases across current imaging modalities, Essential Imaging in Rheumatology offers up-to-date and complete information on the imaging of these disorders.

The basic science important to nuclear imaging, including the nature and production of radioactivity, internal dosimetry and radiation detection and measurement, are presented clearly and concisely. Current concepts in the fields of radiation biology and radiation protection relevant to medical imaging, and a number of helpful appendices complete this comprehensive textbook. The text is enhanced by numerous full color charts, tables, images and superb illustrations that reinforce central concepts. The book is ideal for medical imaging professionals, and teachers and students in medical physics and biomedical engineering. Radiology residents will find this text especially useful in bolstering their understanding of imaging physics and related topics prior to board exams."--pub. desc.

Introduction to radiology -- The circulatory system: the heart and great vessels -- The respiratory system -- The digestive system -- The urinary tract -- The acute abdomen -- The reproductive system -- The musculoskeletal system -- Neuroimaging -- Pediatric radiology.

E-FAST (extended focused assessment by sonograpy for trauma) represents the basic ultrasonographic approach to any trauma patient. Identification or exclusion of free fluid and air in the abdominal and thoracic cavities plays a pivotal role in deciding the immediate diagnostic and therapeutic path. Learning E-FAST is mandatory for all acute care surgeons and all physicians involved in trauma management. The structure of the book and its practical approach will make it an easy-to-consult and quick reference tool for beginners and a useful support for more experienced professionals.

"The objective of this book is to serve as a practical educational resource for clinical magnetic resonance imaging. The bulk of the text is organized along anatomic lines and discusses disease entities commonly encountered in clinical practice. The focus is illustrating and describing the MR appearances of the most commonly imaged disease entities, covering briefly in each area important points relative to imaging techniques then discussing in depth, the clinical MR interpretation. The breadth of clinical MRI is explored. For each subtopic within an anatomic region, clinical cases serve as the backbone for discussion, the most common pathologies affecting each anatomic region being illustrated. The final chapters discuss specifically contrast media and contrast enhanced MRA, two topics worthy of further description due to their present clinical importance. When relevant to diagnosis or essential for understanding, MR physics is discussed, however the reader is referred separately to Runge et al, The Physics of Clinical MR Taught Through Images 2nd Edition (New York: Thieme; 2009) for further elaboration. It is the goal that upon completing this text, the reader will have an appreciation for the complexity, utility, and versatility of MR in clinical imaging and will possess the knowledge essential for interpretation of basic clinical MR examinations"--Provided by publisher.

"During the last two decades, new developments in functional MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) have made it possible to detect changes in the brain over time, as opposed to the "snapshot" produced by conventional MRI. Essentials of Functional MRI breaks down the technical challenges for physicians, researchers, and technologists who use functional MRI but may not be experts in the necessary math and physics. The author describes the theory and practical details of functional MRI (fMRI) methodology, including how to acquire and analyze images, and a wide range of examples demonstrate how fMRI has been used thus far. The author provides the essential information to study, understand, use, and teach the practical aspects of fMRI for those people who are most likely to extend its use into clinical practice"--Provided by publisher.

This volume features chapters written by experts from global academia, including from India, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan, Europe and USA, integrating knowledge on evaluation methods with evidence of best practices for the management of motility disorders.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive modality for neuroimaging that has been widely applied into various clinical and scientific studies. In many applications, one particular challenge for MRI is the scanning speed and efficiency. Three major novel fast neuroimaging techniques are presented in this work, including high-resolution 3D diffusion imaging (3D-SNAILS), an iterative reconstruction algorithm for high accelerating parallel imaging (PRUNO), and motion insensitive 3D non-contrast perfusion imaging (3D-PCASL-PROMO). 3D DWI and DTI provide attractive features such as isotropic resolution, high SNR and good tractography. However, 3D volumetric DWI/DTI scans suffer from long scan time and severe motion artifacts. In this project, a steady-state multi-shot pulse sequence is demonstrated to perform fast high resolution 3D diffusion imaging, in which 3D self-navigated interleaved rotating spirals (3D-SNAILS) are used as readout trajectories. This acquisition scheme has low sensitivity to motion induced phase errors and the inherent navigators can be utilized to further reduce motion artifacts. In vivo human/animal results have shown that this technique can be used to perform 3D high resolution DTI studies, particularly for animals with smaller brains. GRAPPA has been a successful k-space data-driven reconstruction algorithm for parallel imaging during the last decade. However, the performance of GRAPPA drops significantly as the accelerating factor increases. A novel iterative method termed parallel reconstruction using null operations (PRUNO) is developed in this project. In this approach, both data calibration and image reconstruction are formulated into generalized linear system equations based on intrinsic small k-space nulling kernels. And a conjugate-gradient (CG) method is proposed to solve the reconstruction equation feasibly. With more accurate problem formulation and higher calibration efficiency, PRUNO produces much better image quality than GRAPPA, especially under high accelerating factors. Pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) is a novel technique for 3D whole-brain perfusion imaging. However, a whole brain clinical PCASL protocol takes long imaging time due to multiple image acquisitions and averages. A real-time motion correction algorithm is thus desired for such a protocol. Prospective motion correction (PROMO) is a navigator based module, which can be easily inserted into various MR pulse sequences for real-time 3D motion estimation and correction. PROMO is successfully integrated into PCASL in this project. Our preliminary results show that the new pulse sequence is much more robust against patient motions and PROMO navigators have almost no negative influence to the imaging sequence. In addition, brief abstracts of two other fast imaging projects are also demonstrated in this dissertation, including a fast T2* imaging pulse sequence called iESGRE, and 7T diffusion imaging of rats using SNAILS.

FDG PET/CT has rapidly emerged as an invaluable combined imaging modality that can identify tumors on the basis of not only anatomical alterations but also metabolic activity, thus allowing the detection of lesions that would otherwise be too small to distinguish. This book, comprising a collection of images from oncology cases, is organized according to the role of FDG PET/CT in the evaluation and management of oncology patients, and only secondarily by organ or tumor entity. In this way, it reflects the issues that clinicians actually address in their daily practice, namely: identification of an unknown or unsuspected primary; determination of the extent of disease; evaluation of response to therapy; and surveillance after response, i.e., detection of recurrent disease. In total, 100 cases involving different primary tumors are presented to illustrate findings in these different circumstances. FDG PET/CT in Clinical Oncology will be of great value to all newcomers to this field, whether medical students, radiology, nuclear medicine, or oncology fellows, or practicing physicians.

For nearly 25 years, Ferri's concise, pocket-sized resources have served as the go-to medical reference books among students, residents, and other medical professionals. Ferri's Best Test continues that trend, providing fast, effective, and efficient guidance and helping you review the most important laboratory and imaging testing information, with an added focus on cost-effective decision making. Quickly access important information with concise, well-organized guidance to the most common lab tests and diagnostic imaging modalities.Simplify your decision-making process through analysis that describes the most common imaging studies for each organ system, reviewing their indications, advantages, disadvantages, and approximate costs. Confidently address problematic situations with background data that examines over 384 laboratory tests, describing the normal range of results in adult patients, typical abnormalities (positive tests, increased or decreased values), and the likeliest causes. Select the best test for diagnosing more than 200 common diseases and disorders. Keep important information at your fingertips with this portable, pocket-sized format that allows for convenient consultation anytime, anywhere.

Complied by the team at the Cardiac Center at Children's Hospital in Philadelphia, this Expert Consult site and accompanying atlas-style text guide the acquisition and interpretation of fetal images for accurate diagnosis and effective management. Vivid color images, drawings, pathologic specimens and diagnostic algorithms facilitate tracking the progress of development of over 100 fetal heart problems. Enhance your cardiac imaging skills with a video library demonstrating imaging of the normal heart, and the imaging presentation of more than 100 different fetal heart problems. Recognize potential problems using views of the normal heart in development for comparative diagnosis. Get comprehensive coverage of cardiac anatomy, pathophysiology, natural history and disease management. See developing and existing problems as they appear in practice thanks to an abundance of vivid color images, drawings, pathologic specimens, and diagnostic algorithms. Track the progress of development in the fetal heart by using the best imaging modalities & techniques for more accurate diagnosis.

This volume presents the experiences of leading researchers and surgeons with different fluorescence methods. Chapters range from basic science of fluorescence to current clinical applications and new horizons. The first few chapters cover the historical evolution and physical principles of fluorescence and provide the foundation for the reader to understand the current scope and limits of its use in surgery. The second section focuses on the clinical applications of intraoperative fluorescence imaging, including subsections on fluorescence cholangiography, applications to hepatectomy, lymph node navigation, applications to GI tract and pelvic surgery and identification of cancer tissues. The third section focuses on new frontiers including fluorescence probes, imaging systems and applications to photodynamic therapy. Authored by leaders in the development of fluorescent methods worldwide, Fluorescence Imaging for Surgeons: Concepts and Applications will have an impact on numerous medical specialists including general surgeons, colorectal and minimally-invasive surgeons and surgical oncologists. Researchers will find the book to be an invaluable resource on the latest advances in the utilization of nanoparticles and fluorescent probes.

Since functional MRI (fMRI) and the basic method of BOLD imaging were introduced in 1993 by Seiji Ogawa, fMRI has evolved into an invaluable clinical tool for routine brain imaging, and there have been substantial improvements in both the imaging technique itself and the associated statistical analysis. This book provides a state of the art overview of fMRI and its use in clinical practice. Experts in the field share their knowledge and explain how to overcome diverse potential technical barriers and problems. Starting from the very basics on the origin of the BOLD signal, the book covers technical issues, anatomical landmarks, the full range of clinical applications, methods of statistical analysis, and special issues in various clinical fields. Comparisons are made with other brain mapping techniques, such as DTI, PET, TMS, EEG, and MEG, and their combined use with fMRI is also discussed. Since the first edition, original chapters have been updated and new chapters added, covering both novel aspects of analysis and further important clinical applications.

Fractal analysis is useful in digital image processing for the characterization of shape roughness and gray-scale texture or complexity. Breast masses present shape and gray-scale characteristics in mammograms that vary between benign masses and malignant tumors. This book demonstrates the use of fractal analysis to classify breast masses as benign masses or malignant tumors based on the irregularity exhibited in their contours and the gray-scale variability exhibited in their mammographic images. A few different approaches are described to estimate the fractal dimension (FD) of the contour of a mass, including the ruler method, box-counting method, and the power spectral analysis (PSA) method. Procedures are also described for the estimation of the FD of the gray-scale image of a mass using the blanket method and the PSA method.

The recent development of three-dimensional imaging techniques has provided an enormous amount of information relevant to the clinical management of patients at low and high risk for coronary artery disease. However, while progress in each individual technique has been rapid, the correlation of findings obtained with radiology, nuclear medicine, and magnetic resonance imaging is still relatively neglected. In this book, qualified experts in cardiac imaging present the basic concepts of cardiac disease and imaging and compare the findings obtained in particular subspecialties with those acquired using other techniques. In this way the reader will learn how images and techniques can be integrated in clinical practice to the benefit of the patient. In addition, the issue is addressed of reducing the patient's exposure to ionizing radiation through appropriate multimodality integration. Physicians ranging from cardiac surgeons to internal medicine specialists and even public health administrators will find this book invaluable in understanding the role of hybrid cardiac imaging.

Part I. Clinical and therapeutic approach to functional oncological imaging -- part II. Imaging of cancer hallmarks -- part III. Functional imaging techniques in clinical use -- part IV. Molecular imaging techniques in clinical use and in research.

Fundamentals of Body MRI-a new title in the Fundamentals of Radiology series-explains and defines key concepts in body MRI so you can confidently make radiologic diagnoses. Dr. Christopher G. Roth presents comprehensive guidance on body imaging-from the liver to the female pelvis-and discusses how physics, techniques, hardware, and artifacts affect results. In print and online at www.expertconsult.com, this detailed and heavily illustrated reference will help you effectively master the complexities of interpreting findings from this imaging modality. Access the fully searchable contents of the text online at www.expertconsult.com. Master MRI techniques for the entirety of body imaging, including liver, breast, male and female pelvis, and cardiovascular MRI. Avoid artifacts thanks to extensive discussions of considerations such as physics and parameter tradeoffs. Grasp visual nuances through numerous images and correlating anatomic illustrations.

This comprehensive treatise on cutting edge tools and research provides a fascinating insight into the rapidly evolving field of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy. Accomplished international researchers and clinicians discuss the latest endoscopic advances in diverse areas including obesity and associated metabolic syndromes, management of peripancreatic fluid collections, endoluminal suturing techniques, fistula closure, management of Barrettĺls epithelium, cholangioscopy, chromoendoscopy, high resolution manometry and endoscopic ultrasonography. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: New Technologies and Changing Paradigms is a valuable resource on the evolving role of endoscopic management of gastrointestinal diseases and is a tremendous resource for gastroenterologists, endoscopists, GI surgeons, and medical residents.

Get the essential tools you need to make an accurate diagnosis with Gastrointestinal Imaging, 4th Edition! Edited by Giles W. Boland, MD, this popular volume in The Requisites Series delivers the conceptual, factual, and interpretive information you need for effective clinical practice in gastrointestinal imaging. Master core knowledge the easy and affordable way with clear, concise text; new, high-quality images, and coverage of the latest modalities. Efficiently and affordably prepare for the written board exam and for clinical practice with focused, high-yield, richly illustrated coverage of the most essential concepts in gastrointestinal imaging.

Covering all modalities currently used as well as emerging novel imaging tools, each chapter covers an aspect of Genitourinary Imaging with a comprehensive coverage of subspeciatlies. Genitourinary Imaging - A Case Based Approach closely mimics day to day clinical practice, and allows retention of pertinent practice information in an easy to understand format. Providing Genitourinary specific content in a portable form that can be used in close proximity to the PACS workstation, Genitourinary Imaging - A Case Based Approach is the perfect book for residents both in training and practicing as well as genitourinary radiologists worldwide.

In the elderly, the coexistence of various diseases, the presence of involutional and degenerative changes, and the occurrence of both physical and cognitive problems represent ""the norm."" It is therefore important to know how to distinguish the healthy elderly from those in need of treatment as a sound basis for avoiding overdiagnosis and overtreatment. This aspect is a central theme in Geriatric Imaging, which covers a wide range of applications of different imaging techniques and clearly explains both the potential and the limitations of diagnostic imaging in geriatric patients.

This atlas focuses on the imaging and treatment options available for giant intracranial aneurysms since 1990s in the beginning of the so-called modern endovascular era. During this period, there were significant advances made in the therapy of small intracranial aneurysms though the treatment of giant aneurysms continued to pose an insurmountable challenge. At the turn of this century, this grim scenario gradually improved with better understanding of the pathophysiology of giant intracranial aneurysms. This changed scenario in giant intracranial aneurysm therapy has been illustrated with the aid of informative clinical case studies. The clinical presentation of giant aneurysms in adults and children is described as are the merits of different imaging modalities explained and illustrated. Extensive consideration has been given to modern fusion imaging that has improved our insight into the nature of the disease. Endovascular treatment approaches (including illustrative open surgical approaches) and reconstructive and deconstructive strategies are fully documented, with careful attention given to factors that influence management strategies, treatment choice and complications.The atlas will be a valuable reference and practical aid for neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, neurologists, fellowship trainees, postgraduate & graduate students.

Long recognized as the standard general reference in the field, this completely revised edition of Grainger and Allison's Diagnostic Radiology provides all the information that a trainee needs to master to successfully take their professional certification examinations as well as providing the practicing radiologist with a refresher on topics that may have been forgotten. Organized along an organ and systems basis, this resource covers all diagnostic imaging modalities in an integrated, correlative fashion and focuses on those topics that really matter to a trainee radiologist in the initial years of training. Master the field and prepare for certification or recertification with a succinct, comprehensive account of the entire spectrum of imaging modalities and their clinical applications.

For pelvic symptoms, ultrasound is the initial imaging modality of choice in today's cost-conscious climate. Employing a practical, problem-based approach Gynecologic Ultrasound is the only medical reference that provides a stepwise method in the diagnosis of gynecological abnormalities. Abundantly illustrated and easily accessible, it is an ideal resource for a clinical setting. Expedite and confirm diagnosis of gynecological abnormalities. An easily accessible format-organized by both entity and differential diagnosis-facilitates searches and zeroing in on the one correct entity. Master the nuances of using ultrasound through the visual instruction of more than 600 clear images including 3D and Doppler - important and necessary tools for pelvic ultrasound. Glean all essential, up-to-date, need-to-know information about Mullerian Duct Abnormality, Endometriosis, Ovarian cancer, and Uterine Sarcoma as well as normal pelvic ultrasound and common normal variants. Consult this reference where and when you need it at Expert Consult.

This book provides a detailed guide to the use and interpretation of color Doppler ultrasound, CT, and MR imaging in patients with gynecological disorders. The advantages and limitations of each modality in imaging different pathologies are clearly presented, and advice is provided on the most appropriate option when ultrasound does not permit a definite diagnosis or fails to determine the precise extension of a lesion. Throughout, emphasis is placed on the importance of microscopic and macroscopic findings for a full understanding of the radiological appearances, and relevant points from the basic sciences are also highlighted. Special attention is paid to issues of differential diagnosis and imaging results that are characteristic of a particular type of lesion. The authors are recognized experts in the field who draw upon their considerable experience to provide an up-to-date reference book highly relevant to everyday clinical practice.

One of the best selling volumes in the Case Review Series is now revised, with all new cases and a new question & answer format --excellent for honing skills and building confidence! This Second Edition of Head & Neck Imaging affords you a clinical tool that helps speed your differential diagnoses and ensures your proficiency. Organized like the *new* Oral Boards, it serves as a study guide for exams, CAQ and re-certification-and as a personal review of the subspecialty. Here, Johns Hopkins' Drs. Yousem and Aygun describe the latest techniques through 200 actual cases and close to 800 high-quality images. Tightly arranged, the text assures you fast access to information. Self-testing devices throughout validate your comprehension. Incorporates the most advanced imaging techniquesFormatted like the Oral Board Exam for easy study and reviewCross-referenced to Neuroradiology: The Requisites, Second Edition.

Hemodynamic conditions are hypothesized to affect the initiation, growth, and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), a vascular disease characterized by progressive wall degradation and enlargement of the abdominal aorta. We hypothesized that the progression of AAA may be slowed by altering the hemodynamics in the abdominal aorta through exercise. The aim of the first study in this thesis was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to quantify flow stagnation and recirculation in AAAs by computing particle residence time (PRT). Specifically, we used gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) to obtain images of the vessel lumens, which were used to generate subject-specific models. Phase-contrast MRI was used to measure blood flow at supraceliac and infrarenal locations to prescribe physiologic boundary conditions. CFD was used to simulate pulsatile flow, and PRT, particle residence index, and particle half-life of PRT in the aneurysms were computed. We observed significant regional differences of PRT in the aneurysms with localized patterns that differed depending on aneurysm geometry and infrarenal flow. A saccular aneurysm with the lowest mean infrarenal flow demonstrated the slowest particle clearance. In addition, improvements in particle clearance were observed with increase of mean infrarenal flow. This result motivated the next study to quantify the effect of augmentation of mean infrarenal flow during exercise on reducing chronic flow stasis that may promote increased mural thrombus burden, degradation of the vessel wall, and aneurysm growth. In the second study, we investigated three levels of activity, rest, mild and moderate intensities of lower-limb exercise to quantify the effect of exercise on hemodynamic conditions in AAA subjects. We measured the abdominal aortic blood flow at rest and during dynamic exercise, and quantified mean wall shear stress (MWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and PRT. We observed that an increase in the level of activity correlated with an increase of MWSS and a decrease of OSI at three locations in the abdominal aorta, and these changes were most significant below the renal arteries. As the level of activity increased, PRT in the aneurysm was significantly decreased: 50% of particles were cleared out of AAAs within 1.36 ± 0.43, 0.34 ± 0.10, and 0.22 ± 0.06 s at rest, mild exercise and moderate exercise levels, respectively. Most of the reduction of PRT occurred from rest to the mild exercise level suggesting that mild exercise may be sufficient to reduce flow stasis in AAAs. The third study aimed to correlate hemodynamic characteristics of AAA with its progression, and quantify morphologic changes of aneurysm from study intake to 1.5-3.5-year follow-up of subjects randomized to usual activity or exercise training cohort. We acquired MRA of 16 subjects, and mid-aneurysm wall content data of 12 subjects at each intake and follow-up visit. 3D lumen models were built based on each intake and follow-up MRAs of six subjects. We observed morphologic changes of aneurysm lumen from intake to follow-up MRA of 11 subjects which exhibited local smoothing, shrinkage or expansion. We observed thickening of thrombus burden from follow-up wall content image of seven subjects whose aneurysm lumen was eventually narrowed. Based on 3D model comparison between intake and follow-up, and the correlation of morphologic changes with wall content changes and PRT contour plots computed in the previous study, we suggest that the region of narrowed lumen induced by thrombus buildup may be consistent with the region of long PRT. As a future work, we will extend our research in conjunction with CT data to quantify the changes of aneurysm wall, and increase the number of subjects to find more conclusive results.

"This collaborative project by a scientist and artist from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine asks the reader to consider the aesthetics of human disease, both within and beyond the context of our preconceived social systems. Disease is a dynamically powerful force of nature that acts without regard to race, religion, or culture. These forces create visually stunning patterns with a remarkable ability to evoke human emotion in isolation that differswhen viewed in the context of the disease that produced the image. We see beauty in the delicate lacework of fungal hyphae invading a blood vessel, the structure of the normal cerebellum, and the desperate drive of metastasizing cancer cells. However, appreciation of the imagery produced by disease is bittersweet; we simultaneously experience the beauty of the natural world and the pain of those living with these disease processes. Ultimately, this series of images will leave the viewer with an understanding and appreciation of visual beauty inherent within the field." -- Book jacket.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of female cancer death in the United States with an average lifetime risk of 1 in 8. Early detection of the disease and subsequent treatment increase the chance of survival. X-ray mammography is the standard imaging technique for breast cancer screening, but it is difficult to identify malignant lesions in women with dense breasts using x-ray mammography. Dynamic-contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has provided high sensitivity for breast cancer diagnosis due to its excellent soft tissue contrast, but there have been varied reports on its specificity. A recent study with a small surface coil has shown that high spatial and temporal resolution breast DCE MRI can improve sensitivity and specificity of ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosis by visualizing smaller scale features such as ductal and periductal enhancement. However, a small surface coil is not suitable for screening or bilateral staging exams where volumetric coverage of both breasts is necessary. Conversely, many commercially-available breast coils offer volumetric coverage of the breasts, but the large coil elements limit the signal-to- noise ratio (SNR) and thus the ability to increase spatial and temporal resolution with high parallel imaging acceleration factors. To address these concerns, we have designed and developed a custom-fitted 18-channel, bilateral breast radiofrequency (RF) coil array for providing high-resolution images in clinically-feasible scan times. The purpose of this work was three-fold: outline the construction process of a high- SNR custom-fitted array, benchmark its performance compared to a commercial design, and evaluate its utility for high-resolution clinical breast MRI. By placing a chain of overlapping small coil elements close to the tissue, we were able to obtain high SNR over the entire breast volume for medium-sized women. To reduce the overall exam time, we laid the coil elements in a geometry that facilitated bidirectional parallel imaging. Comparing the custom-fitted array to a commercially-available 8-channel breast array, the results show 3.6 times higher average SNR and superior parallel imaging quality for the custom-fitted array in volunteers. Using parallel imaging and taking advantage of the SNR benefits from the 18-channel coil array, we clinically demonstrated a 10-fold improvement in spatial resolution over the current Stanford Hospital protocol. We have conducted a clinical study comparing the diagnostic quality of high-resolution scans with the 18-channel array versus lower resolution scans in patients with suspicious lesions on mammography. The initial findings show that the improved resolution enables better depiction of overall lesion morphology and tissue interfaces. In summary, we have presented a method for constructing an 18-channel custom-fitted breast RF array and demonstrated its SNR and parallel imaging benefits. In a clinical setting, our initial findings show improved morphology characterization in high-resolution exams with the 18-channel array.

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an MRI method that provides information about random microscopic motion of water molecules in biological tissues. In addition to offering a higher sensitivity for the diagnosis of white matter diseases such as stroke and multiple sclerosis, and producing connectivity maps of the brain, it is a promising prognostic tool in the assessment and treatment response monitoring of cancer in the body. While high in-plane resolution is desirable for all diffusion MRI applications, it is particularly essential for imaging of small structures. Unfortunately, the performance of diffusion MRI techniques is often hindered by a variety of factors including susceptibility variations, field inhomogeneities and bulk physiologic motion. This thesis presents a reduced field-of-view (FOV) single-shot echo-planar imaging (ss-EPI) method to address these problems and enable high-resolution diffusion MRI of targeted regions. The proposed method utilizes a two-dimensional (2D) echo-planar radio-frequency (RF) excitation pulse to achieve a sharp reduced-FOV profile, while still allowing contiguous multi-slice imaging and suppressing the fat signal. Extensive clinical evaluation of the technique demonstrated that sub-mm diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) on human spinal cords is feasible with minimal artifacts. High-resolution fiber tractography of the spinal cord successfully visualized the connectivity between the cord and the medulla oblongata, delineating internal structures such as gray/white matter. In vivo DWI of the larynx, breast and prostate validated the effectiveness of this technique in providing detailed depiction of the morphology outside the central nervous system. When the exponential diffusion attenuation is combined with high spatial resolution, DWI may suffer from poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The last part of this thesis presents an optimization strategy for the DWI parameters as a function of the imaging SNR. Specifically, the optimum b-value is shown to be a monotonically increasing function of the imaging SNR, with a convergence asymptote identical to the previously proposed values in literature. The effects of T2 relaxation are also incorporated for a more accurate optimization. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated reduced error in ADC estimations and improved SNR in the diffusion-weighted images with the proposed technique.

This state-of-the-art Chest title in the brand-new High-Yield Imaging series is ideally designed to let you quickly look up a diagnosis, confirm your suspicion, and move on to the next case. Renowned authorities, Drs. Muller and Silva present more than 300 diagnoses, almost 1,000 optimally sized multi-modality clinical images, and at-a-glance bulleted text, to help you efficiently diagnose a wide range of disorders. A full-color design along with a consistent organization makes reference a snap.

This state-of-the-art Interventions title in the brand-new High-Yield Imaging series is ideally designed to let you quickly look up a diagnosis, treat the condition, and move on to the next case. Renowned authorities presents the latest vascular and non-vascular interventions, nearly 1,000 optimally sized multi-modality clinical images, and at-a-glance bulleted text, to help you efficiently treat a wide range of diseases. A full-color design along with a consistent organization makes reference a snap. Covers over 150 diagnoses allowing you to treat a broader spectrum of conditions. Offers all the information necessary to perform image-guided interventions safely and effectively. Presents almost 1,000 optimally sized multi-modality clinical images to help you recognize the characteristic appearance of both common and uncommon vascular and non-vascular disorders. Structures every chapter consistently to include Indications and Contraindications, Equipment, Anatomy and Approach, Technique, Outcomes, Follow-up Care, and Selected Images to make reference fast and easy.

Hip Magnetic Resonance Imaging presents a basic yet comprehensive discussion of the role and use of MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of injuries and diseases of the hip, highlighting common concerns and procedures. Beginning with the principles of MRI and dGEMRIC and moving on to normal and abnormal hip anatomy, the focus shifts to the MRI techniques used in the detection of disease conditions of the hip, including labral disease, osteonecrosis, extra-articular conditions and cartilage damage. Chapters on the utilization of biochemical imaging biomarkers in the treatment of hip disorders round out the text. Written by experts in radiology and orthopedics and generously illustrated with MRI radiographs, this book will be an important reference work for clinicians in those fields, as well as practitioners of sports medicine and primary care physicians.

This gorgeous, full-color atlas and case-book presents more than sixty cases with over one hundred associated, super high-quality clinical images that a physician needs to be able to rapidly recognize and know for accurate, expedient diagnosis and treatment. The images are presented with the patient & rsquo;s brief medical history, followed by the diagnosis, brief discussion of the diagnosis, and the patient & rsquo;s clinical course and treatment. These miniature case studies encompass photos and descriptions of patients, supporting physical findings, X-rays, CT scans, electrocardiograms, blood s.

This new edition, like previous ones, offers a precise description of the anatomy of the human hippocampus based upon neurosurgical progress and the wealth of medical imaging methods available. The first part describes the fine structures of the hippocampus and is illustrated with new original figures. A survey is then provided of current concepts explaining the functions of the hippocampus, and the external and internal hippocampal vascularization is precisely described. The last and main part of the book presents serial sections in coronal, sagittal, and axial planes; each section is accompanied by a drawing to explain the MR 3T images. The new edition is also enriched by several MRI views of major hippocampal diseases. This comprehensive atlas of human hippocampal anatomy will be of interest to all neuroscientists, including neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, and neurologists.

"Hydatid disease, a zoonotic infection caused by a tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus, has been encountered in various organs in humans. In spite of all the advances in imaging techniques and therapeutic methods, hydatidosis of the central nervous system is still a life-threatening condition in infested areas of the world. Geographical regions affected include the Middle East, Mediterranean countries, South America, Central and Eastern Europe, South Africa, India, and Australia. This is the first comprehensive reference book on hydatidosis of the central nervous system. It is written and edited by leading international authorities from infested areas and provides an in-depth review of diagnosis and management of the disease. Clinical and neuroradiological findings are extensively documented with the aid of numerous original photographs, and the role of surgical intervention and chemotherapy is carefully appraised. In addition to the provision of detailed current evidence, future avenues and innovative therapeutic philosophies are discussed. This book will serve as an ideal source of up-to-date information for all with an interest in this debilitating disease."--Publisher's website.

Ileoscopy has proven to be very useful for the diagnosis of celiac, inflammatory, and infectious diseases of the small intestine. This endoscopic procedure is one of the most technically challenging steps of diagnostic colonoscopy but it also represents the best documented proof of a complete examination. This book covers all aspects of the endoscopic exploration of the terminal ileum, from the technique itself to the clinical diagnosis and management of the main pathologies that occur in this region of the digestive tract. A wide selection of magnified and non-magnified diagnostic images accompanies the text. Intended as an update on the imaging and management of ileal disease, the book provides an invaluable tool for improving the endoscopist's technique and for enhancing the clinician's knowledge of small-bowel diseases.

"The human eye is a complex and important organ that works similarly to the conventional camera. Many advanced image-processing algorithms have been proposed to analyze the subtle changes in the eye to diagnose eye abnormalities efficiently. Digital fundus images have been used efficiently for the diagnosis of diabetes retinopathy and glaucoma. Infrared imaging provides a temperature profile that depicts changes in the vascular tissues, which helps to study the ocular surface temperature (OST) and ocular diseases like dry eye and cataracts. This book covers the detection of diabetes retinopathy, glaucoma, and anterior segment eye abnormalities; instruments for the detection of glaucoma; and the development of a human eye model using computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer principles to predict inner temperatures of the eye from its surface temperature. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is one of the imaging systems that allow visualization of the anatomy and pathology of the anterior segment. It is particularly beneficial in evaluating regions of the eye behind the iris such as the ciliary body, lens zonular attachment, and lens periphery, which are obscured in other anterior scanning systems. In glaucoma imaging, UBM plays a significant role in objective assessment of peripheral anterior chamber angle morphology, which is useful in angle closure glaucoma diagnosis and management. Chapter 1 presents a UBM system for anterior chamber angle imaging. Chapter 2 describes both the formal design and development of an automated anterior segment eye disease classification system. The proposed system can be used for early disease diagnosis and treatment management"-- Provided by publisher.

Image-Guided Cancer Therapy: A Multidisciplinary Approach provides clinicians with in-depth coverage of the growing, dynamic field of interventional oncology. Combining the knowledge of expert editors and authors into one powerhouse reference, this book looks at tumor ablation, HIFU, embolic therapies, emerging technologies, and radiation therapy throughout the body (liver, bone, breast, gynecologic and prostate cancers, to name just a few), and includes discussion of different imaging modalities. In the words of Peter Mueller, MD, author of the books Foreword: The senior authors are all world renowned experts in interventional oncology, which is another example of the high quality authorship and experience that is brought to this book. The later chapters discuss therapies that are simply not covered in any other source. Everyone who is doing or wants to do ablation therapies and interventional oncology will face a time when they will be asked to use their expertise in less used and less investigated areas. There is nowhere else where the reader can get information on the prostate, breast, and gynecologic areas, and especially pediatrics. This book is an outstanding contribution to the literature and will become a must read for all physicians who are interested in Interventional Oncology.

Image-Guided Prostate Cancer Treatments is a comprehensive reference and practical guide on the technology and application of ultrasound and MRI in the male pelvis, with special attention to the prostate. The book is organized into three main sections, the first of which is devoted to general aspects of imaging and image-guided treatments. The second section provides a systematic overview of the application of ultrasound and MRI to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the lower urinary tract. Performance of the ultrasound and MRI studies is explained, and the normal and abnormal pathological anatomy is reviewed. Correlation with the ultrasound in the same plane is provided to assist in understanding the MRI sequences. Biopsy and interventional procedures, ultrasound-MRI fusion techniques, and image-guided therapies, including focused ultrasound, photodynamic therapy, microwave and laser ablation, are all fully covered. The third section focuses on securing treatment effectiveness and the use of follow-up imaging to ensure therapeutic success and detect tumor recurrence at an early stage, which is vital given that prompt focal treatment of recurrence is very successful. Here, particular attention is paid to the role of Doppler ultrasound and DCE-MRI technologies. This book, containing a wealth of high-quality illustrations based on high-end equipment, will acquaint beginners with the basics of prostate ultrasound and MRI, while more advanced practitioners will learn new skills, means of avoiding pitfalls, and ways of effectively relating the imaging and image-guided treatments to the clinical situation.

"This book provides complete descriptions of the techniques involved in medical image processing, using sufficient descriptions and practical references. Chapters cover topics of deformable registration, segmentation, image reconstruction, and integration of these practices into the radiation therapy environment. The four sections provide an overview of the image segmentation and reconstruction techniques using image processing across all modalities, and applications of these approaches in radiation therapy. The book also addresses the applications of registration, segmentation, and image reconstruction for radiation therapy, including adaptive radiotherapy, monitoring and tracking of treatment delivery, quantifying accuracy, and visualizing results"--Provided by publisher.

Introduction -- The Production of Radiological and Histopathological Images -- Kidneys and Ureters -- The Adrenal -- The Retroperitoneum -- The Bladder -- The Prostate -- The Testes and Their Adnexae -- The Penis -- Urodynamics.

"Acute neurologic diseases encompass a wide spectrum of medical illnesses with neurological manifestations which require rapid clinical, paraclinical and laboratory evaluation as patients are evaluated in the emergency department or acute care clinics. In the last decade, imaging has assumed far greater importance in the initial assessment of these patients, and is responsible for much of the cost and resources in the early, critical evaluation. However the optimal approach to utilization of imaging for thorough, yet efficient and cost-responsible care remains poorly defined for many acute neurologic presentations"--Provided by publisher.

Imaging and Focal Therapy of Early Prostate Cancer evaluates the scientific evidence for the evolving trend to treat low to intermediate risk, clinically localized prostate cancer in a focally ablative manner with novel gland-preserving, focal therapy methods. Various ablative devices such as high intensity focused ultrasound, irreversible electroporation, photodynamic therapy, cryotherapy and laser ablation, among others, are discussed in regard to their strengths and limitations as a therapeutic modality. Emphasis is placed on tumor stage shift towards early stage disease with an increase in unilateral versus bilateral cancers validated by final pathology assessment of large prostatectomy series. Current and new approaches to image cancer foci within the prostate (3-Dimensional contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasonography, multiparametric magnetic resonance image with spectroscopy, ETC) are presented along with biopsy techniques to map prostate cancer. Patient selection, treatment strategy, outcomes and safety concerns that may provide acceptable cancer control and improved quality of life for patients are all covered in detail. Written by experts in the field and lavishly illustrated with detailed line-art and photographs, Imaging and Focal Therapy of Early Prostate Cancer is a resourceful volume beneficial to practitioners specializing in the treatment and management of prostate cancer.

Although interest in pancreatic pathology is very high in the radiological and gastroenterological communities, it is still the case that less is known about pathology of the pancreas than about liver pathology, for example. Diagnosis depends on the structure of the pancreatic lesion, which can be directly visualized on US, CT or MR images. This atlas, which encompasses both the imaging and the pathology of pancreatic neoplasms, will therefore be invaluable in enabling radiologists and sonographers to understand the underlying pathology and in allowing pancreatic pathologists to understand the imaging translation. The emphasis in the atlas is very much on the pathological and imaging appearances, with most of the text concentrated at the beginning of the chapters. A comprehensive overview is provided of typical and atypical presentations and diverse aspects of common and uncommon pancreatic neoplasms, including ductal adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine neoplasms, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, cystic neoplasms, metastases and lymphoma.

The scalp and cortex lie like pages of an open book on which the cortex enciphers vast quantities of information and knowledge. They are recorded and analyzed as temporal and spatial patterns in the electroencephalogram and electrocorticogram. This book describes basic tools and concepts needed to measure and decipher the patterns extracted from the EEG and ECoG. This book emphasizes the need for single trial analysis using new methods and paradigms, as well as large, high-density spatial arrays of electrodes for pattern sampling. The deciphered patterns reveal neural mechanisms by which brains process sensory information into percepts and concepts. It describes the brain as a thermodynamic system that uses chemical energy to construct knowledge. The results are intended for use in the search for the neural correlates of intention, attention, perception and learning; in the design of human brain-computer interfaces enabling mental control of machines; and in exploring and explaining the physicochemical foundation of biological intelligence.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the major approaches to the imaging of the coronary arteries. These modalities, which include traditional angiography as well as intravascular and non-invasive imaging techniques, are used to diagnose and quantify the extent of obstructive disease due to atherosclerosis. Featuring contributions from leading authorities in the field, Imaging Coronary Atherosclerosis describes the visualization of coronary atherosclerosis through state-of the art techniques such as intravascular ultrasound, coronary near-infrared spectroscopy, computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and molecular imaging. This authoritative resource discusses how these modalities enhance the understanding of the disease process and the ways in which cardiologists can integrate them into clinical practice.

As imaging technologies and approaches have evolved, the scope of certain imaging techniques has moved far beyond the production of purely illustrative images or appealing time-lapse movies to providing the scientist with a rich range of ways to measure and quantify the biological process and outcome of gene expression. In Imaging Gene Expression: Methods and Protocols, expert authors offer up-to-date approaches and protocols that scientists in the field have developed, which would benefit the broader scientific community. Divided in three convenient parts, this detailed book covers the output of a gene, namely the RNA molecules that are transcribed from the gene and the way by which these molecules can be tracked or quantified in fixed or living cells, protocols that focus on the gene, DNA, or chromatin, as well as a variety of ways by which nuclear processes intertwined with gene expression can be followed and quantified in living cells as well as approaches for studying several sub-nuclear structures found in eukaryotic cells. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective subjects, lists of materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Imaging Gene Expression: Methods and Protocols will serve researchers working toward imaging in the context of complete organisms.

This atlas is a detailed guide to the imaging appearances of gliomas following treatment with neurosurgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Normal and pathological findings are displayed in detailed MR images that illustrate the potential modifications due to treatment. Particular emphasis is placed on characteristic appearances on the newer functional MR imaging techniques, including MR spectroscopy, diffusion-weighted imaging, and perfusion imaging. These techniques are revolutionizing neuroradiology by going beyond the demonstration of macroscopic alterations to the depiction of preceding metabolic changes at the cellular and subcellular level, thereby allowing earlier and more specific diagnosis. A key section comprising some 40 clinical cases and more than 500 illustrations offers an invaluable clinical and research tool not only for neuroradiologists but also for neurosurgeons, radiotherapists, and medical oncologists.

"This book covers the full range of available imaging modalities and optical methods used to help evaluate material and biological behavior. It also highlights a wide range of optical and biological applications. Each chapter in the text describes a specific application and discusses relevant instrumentation, governing physical principles, data processing procedures, as well as advantages and disadvantages of each modality. Following a broad introduction to key topics, the main chapters are divided between in vitro and in vivo applications. The final section focuses on methods for data processing and analysis"--Provided by publisher.

This volume addresses a wide range of issues in the field of nuclear medicine imaging, with an emphasis on the latest research findings. Initial chapters set the scene by considering the role of imaging in nuclear medicine from the medical perspective and discussing the implications of novel agents and applications for imaging. The physics at the basis of the most modern imaging systems is described, and the reader is introduced to the latest advances in image reconstruction and noise correction. Various novel concepts are then discussed, including those developed within the framework of the EURATOM FP7 MADEIRA research project on the optimization of imaging procedures in order to permit a reduction in the radiation dose to healthy tissues. Advances in quality control and quality assurance are covered, and the book concludes by listing rules of thumb for imaging that will be of use to both beginners and experienced researchers.

Imaging in Pediatric Pulmonology is a definitive reference to imaging and differential diagnosis for pediatric pulmonology. Diseases and disorders seen in everyday clinical practice are featured, including infections, developmental disorders, airway abnormalities, diffuse lung diseases, focal lung diseases, and lung tumors. Organized to support the clinical thought process, the text begins with a series of clinical algorithms that provide a starting point for formulating a diagnosis. The physician will be able to identify the differentials by symptom complex and accordingly determine what test would be effective and how to proceed. The balance of the book is image-based and presents a comprehensive, multi-modality approach, with an emphasis on plain film and cross-sectional imaging. The imaging sections are correlated with pathology and clinical findings to help readers learn what the modality of choice can enable them to see. Edited by Robert H. Cleveland, MD, Professor of Radiology at Harvard Medical School and Chief of the Division of Diagnostic Radiology at Children's Hospital Boston, the book includes a talented group of associate editors and contributing authors who are noted experts in pathology, pulmonology, and radiology, making Imaging in Pediatric Pulmonology an ideal reference for all physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pulmonary issues.

Imaging in Spine Surgery tailors the highly regarded Diagnostic Imaging series templates with radiology images and color graphics to the needs of neurosurgeons, orthopedic spine surgeons, pain management and rehab (PM&R) physicians, and anesthesiologists. It provides clinical information for diagnosis and appropriate care for the patient, resulting in the perfect comprehensive text for spine surgeons.

What the clinician wants to know:Upper extremity -- What the clinician wants to know: Lower extremity -- Role of MRI in sport medicine -- Role of ultrasound in sport medicine -- Injuries in American football -- Injuries in Basketball -- Injuries in Handball -- Injuries in Football (Soccer) -- Injuries in Rugby -- Injuries in Baseball injuries -- Injuries in Rock Climbing -- Injuries in high altitude mountaineering -- Injuries in Golf and Racquet -- Injuries in Snow skiing and snowboarding -- Injuries in Water sports -- Injuries in Rowing/wild water canoeing -- Injuries in Cycling -- Injuries in Tennis -- Injuries in Gymnasts -- Injuries in Triathlon -- Injuries in weightlifting -- Injuries in Track and field -- Injuries in Ice hockey -- Injuries in Ballet dancing -- Injuries in Volleyball.

This book provides an overview on the critical role of diagnostic imaging in the assessment of patients with suspected alimentary tract perforation, an emergent condition that requires prompt surgery. With the aid of numerous high-quality images, it is described how different imaging modalities, including plain film X-ray, ultrasonography, and multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT), permit correct diagnosis of the presence and cause of the perforation and of associated pathologies. Particular attention is paid to MDCT, with full description of its role in a range of scenarios at various levels of the alimentary tract. Imaging of GI tract perforation in different patient groups, such as pediatric patients, the elderly, and oncologic patients, is also addressed. This volume will greatly assist residents in radiology, radiologists, and physicians who are daily involved in the management of patients with clinically suspected alimentary tract perforation.

Get state-of-the-art coverage of the full range of imaging techniques available to assist in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of rheumatic diseases. Written by acknowledged experts in musculoskeletal imaging, this richly illustrated, full-color text presents the latest diagnostic and disease monitoring modalities - MRI, CT, ultrasonography, nuclear medicine, DXA, as well as interventional procedures. You'll find comprehensive coverage of specific rheumatic conditions, including osteoarticular and extraarticular findings. This superb new publication puts you at the forefront of imaging in arthritis and metabolic bone disease, a must have reference for the clinician and imaging specialist. Includes all imaging modalities relevant to rheumatic disease, and applications and contraindications of each, for balanced coverage. Incorporates a user-friendly, consistent full-color format for quick and easy reference. Provides osteoarticular and extra-articular features and findings to show how imaging benefits diagnosis and management of complex rheumatologic conditions. Creates a one-stop shop with comprehensive coverage of imaging for all rheumatic conditions, including metabolic conditions and pediatric disorders. Presents interventional techniques, injections, arthrography, radiofrequency ablation, to create the perfect diagnostic and interventional clinical tool.

Depending on their mechanism of action, the cytotoxic and targeted drugs and radiotherapy employed in oncologic treatment may cause complications and toxicities in many organ systems, with variable radiologic presentations. This comprehensive and excellently illustrated book covers the basics of therapy-induced complications and toxicities in oncologic patients, identifies their consequences for all the major organs, and describes the imaging of these impacts by means of the various radiologic modalities. By familiarizing radiologists with the most frequent and prominent toxicities that are recognizable on radiologic imaging following tumor therapy, it will facilitate identification of their early manifestations and permit differential diagnosis based on relevant findings.

Most ingested foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract without a problem. However, both ingested and inserted foreign bodies may cause serious complications, such as bowel obstruction or perforation. Foreign body aspiration is common in children, especially those under 3 years of age, and in these cases chest radiography and CT are the main imaging modalities. This textbook provides a thorough overview of the critical role of diagnostic imaging in the assessment of patients with suspected foreign body ingestion, aspiration, or insertion. A wide range of scenarios are covered, from the common problem of foreign body ingestion or aspiration in children and mentally handicapped adults through to drug smuggling by body packing and gunshot wounds. Guidance is offered on diagnostic protocols, and the value of different imaging modalities in different situations is explained. Helpful management tips are also provided. This textbook will prove invaluable for residents in radiology, radiologists, and physicians who are involved on a daily basis, within an emergency department, in the management of patients with suspected ingestion, aspiration, or insertion of foreign bodies.

This book is devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of male breast pathology. It provides a comprehensive overview of current strategies for the diagnosis of breast malignancies in men, with a focus on imaging modalities. Ultrasound of male breast abnormalities is discussed in particular depth, but the roles of other imaging techniques, genetic tests, and interventional diagnostic modalities are also carefully covered. Special attention is paid to differential diagnosis of malignant and benign lesions, and the most important benign breast diseases are described and illustrated with high-quality images. A special chapter analyzes treatment strategy in men with breast malignancies and principles of follow-up after breast surgery. Individual chapters are also devoted to the diagnosis of recurrent cancer and cancer metastases. This up-to-date and richly illustrated book will interest and assist specialists in ultrasound diagnostics, radiologists, oncologists, and surgeons.

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