Artery injury signs common in professional volleyball players

An unidentified Japanese player prepares to serve during a women's team pratice session at the Peace and Friendship Olympic stadium in Athens August 11, 2004. REUTERS/Jorge Silva

About one in four professional volleyball players surveyed in the Netherlands had symptoms that could suggest a potentially serious injury to a shoulder artery, according to a new study that urges doctors to keep an eye out for the condition.

After encountering arterial aneurysms - dangerous bulges in a blood vessel wall - in the shoulders of a half dozen pro volleyballers, Dutch researchers canvassed nearly 100 players to see how many more had possible signs of the same injury.

The main symptoms - cold, blue or pale fingers during or right after intense play - which according to the researchers could be the result of little blood clots emanating from the damaged artery, were reported by 27 percent of the volleyballers. The study did not actually examine the athletes to determine whether they had artery damage, though.

"We only did a questionnaire and we still need to relate whether the questionnaire is in accordance to a vascular problem," said Dr. Mario Maas, senior author of the study and a radiologist at the Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam in The Netherlands.

Maas and his colleagues at the hospital had seen six cases of blood clots in the fingers of male pro volleyball players in the course of three years, mainly in each man's dominant hand.

In each case, they traced the problem back to arterial aneurysms in the athletes' shoulders on the same side of the body, and performed surgery to repair the injured blood vessel. The players were able to return to competition after a few weeks.

Daan van de Pol, the study's lead author, told Reuters Health that the problems can be due to compression of an artery in the shoulder when a player is going for a smash or a serve.

The overhead reaching movement squeezes the artery "like a tube of toothpaste," the authors wrote in the study in The American Journal of Sports Medicine, potentially causing clots to shoot out and circulate down to the fingers. The injury has also been documented in professional baseball pitchers, they noted.

The unusual number of such cases seen among volleyballers at one medical center prompted the researchers to survey more players to find out how common the condition might be.

Ninety-nine Dutch professional volleyball players, with an average age of 24, answered a questionnaire asking whether they ever experienced pale, cold or blue fingers during or after practice and competition. The survey also asked about family history of heart disease.

The researchers found that 27 players had experienced cold fingers during play, 18 had had blue fingers and 20 players said their fingers had been pale.

Among those who reported feeling symptoms, eight said they had cold fingers often, while four said they had blue or pale fingers often.

The researchers did not follow up with survey participants to determine the exact cause of their symptoms, and van de Pol said it's possible they might not be due to a vascular problem.

"We know one in four athletes have these complaints. They could have nothing like vascular injury, and also players without symptoms could have vascular injury," he said.

The group is doing follow-up research to see how well their survey actually identifies people with blood clots caused by a vascular problem.

Their report urges doctors, especially those treating elite athletes, to actively screen for the signs of potential vascular injuries.

"I think the condition itself is rare, and for that reason it's not...a condition players at a recreational level are going to experience," said Dr. Jonathan Reeser, the physician director in the department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Marshfield Clinic in Marshfield, Wisconsin, who was not involved in the study.

"That said, it does happen, and usually it happens in the more competitive athletes, and so for that reason you really don't want to miss it," he added.

Maas said that although the finger symptoms seem to be common among elite athletes, for athletes at high school or other less intense levels of competition, the risk is not high.

Still, Reeser said, "I think it's quite important to at least keep that in the back of your mind when you're evaluating somebody with shoulder pain or, in this case, hand symptoms. If you miss it, you could potentially have as a consequence more serious, long term deficit of function," he said.