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tiie carolina watchman vol viii third series falisbtjry v c july 5 1877 no 37 from the christian observer russia and turkey ry rev j a sloan the origin history and end of moham medanism the prophecies of daniel and john are among the most remarkable things con tained in the book of books the bible in the 2nd 7th and 8th chapters of dani el under different symbols we have the leading historical events of the world from the origiu of the assyrian or chal dean empire down to the end of time the four great monarchies are written rather with the pen of the historian than in the predictions ofthe inspired seer ln dan iel 8 : 8 we are told that when the he goat or alexander the great waxed great the great horn in his head was broken and from it came up four notable horns toward the four winds of heaven alex ander's dominions were divided between his four leading generals out of one of these parts came a little horn which also waxed great the passage daniel 8 9 14 has been often applied by earlier com mentators to antiochus epiphanes this is now admitted to be a mistake a horn in prophetical language always denotes a new power either civil or ecclesiastical this little horn possessed both of these marks the empire of antiochus was an old power it only lasted for three or four years this little horn was to continue or come to an end after 2,300 years from the time daniel described it verse 14 we give a brief exposition of the two passages daniel 8 23 â€” 25 and 8 9â€”14 to which we refer the reader this little horn describes or symbolizes the mohammedan delusion in its origin history and its final termination the head of it is said to be a king of fierce countenance this is descriptive of mo hammed and his successors the caliphs of bagdad he understands dark sen tences this refers to the enigmatical part of many things found in the koran he would increase or be gjeat not by his own power i e his system would not tri umph by its own inherent goodness or merely by his personal efforts he got a few powerful adherents who raised an ar my and carried it to success by conquest he magnified himself even to the prince of the host mohammed and his follow ers regard moses and christ as great and good men but that he greater than either came to complete what christ left unfin ished cast down some ofthe hosts and ofthe stars to the ground i.e he slew many eminent officials of the eastern church in fact he over-ran and took most ofit in western asia he gave con quered countries the choice of the sword or the koran with paying tribute to his government the civil power of moham medanism has been extensive and its spiritual influence has been exerted dele tei iously over a large number ofthe human family its civil or political power began in a i 622 this being the first yecr of the hegira or flight of mohammed from mecca to medina from which date their chronology begins john iu revelation 9 1 â€” 11 gives a clear description of this desolating delu sion together with the time its conquests were to continue his time i.s five mouths or 150 years 9 10 now from the first preaching of mohammed in a d 612 to the founding of bagdad a d 762 when they became a settled people and ceased their conquests is 150 years or five months 30x5 â€” 150 bagdad was founded a d 762 and if means the city of peace they continued in power up to the begin ning of the 14th century and are known iu profane history as saracens during the 11th 12th and 13th centuries the tur komans came from independent tartary into persia and countries around the eu phrates and there founded four sultanies of which damascus aleppo icouiiim and bagdad were the respective chief cities these were restrained or remained with in their own territory through the 12th and 13th centuries by the wars of the crusaders in the west when the wars of the crusaders came to an end the tur komans began their conquests westward ; in other words the four angels bound iu the great river euphrates were loosed revelations 9 14 sixth trumpet they continued their conquests subverted the saracen empire took tlieir place and have been known since as turks or ottomans since turkey is sometimes called the ot toman empire they took constantino ple a d 1453 they are mohammedans in religion they were prepared for an hour a day a month and a year reve lations 9 15 that is they would continue their conquest over men for 391 years a day 1 a month 30 a year 360 â€” 391 years they began to move westward in a d 1302 and their conquests ended a d 1693 that is 391 years ; since that time they have not extended their conquests over any christian territory but have confined themselves to the limits of their own terri tory and have been watchiiigtheencroach ments of the old northern bear russia in revelation 15 12 the angel poured out the sixth vial on the great river eu phrates and the water thereof was dried up that the way of the kings of the east might be prepared 1 this language refers by common consent to the return ofthe jews to palestine turkey is the only obstruc tion that is in the way she holding pal estine syria and turkey in europe with constantinople as its capitol the pow er therefore that removes this obstruction to the return of the jews to their own land will come from the east according to this prophecy ; hence we iufer that russia will attaek and take constantino ple with an army marching by laud from the east the destruction of the moham medan power is not far distant let us now review briefly the numbers or chronology of mohammedanism from daniel 7 25 we learn that this little horn has a time and times and the dividing of time or 3 years of 360 days making 1260 years from revelations 12 6 we learu that the little horn of the west that is popery has the same time to run viz : 1260 years popery in the west and mo hammedanism in the east began at the same time ran the same period to ruin 1260 years and they will end together if we know the time to begin it is easy to find the end now the first year of the hegira is a d 622 add to this time to continue 1260 the end of mohammedan ismâ€”1882.â€”from daniel 8 3 we learn that the medo persian ram was standing by the river i e that empire was in its height or middle of its existence at b c 418 from that time till all is fulfilled is 2,300 years daniel 3 14 take 418 b c from 2,300 and it gives 1882 or thus 2,300 less 418 makes 1882 so then this great event is nigh even at the door it will probably be between a i 1882 and 1880 wyckliffe and pius ix sunday june 3d was a high day at rome pio xouo celebrated the jubilee of his episcopal consecration while on the same day the italian people celebrated with great rejoicing the thirtieth anniver sary of tlieir political constitution which also is a kiud of jubilee as thirty years about represents the life of a generation and the roman church has itself ordained that each generation should have its jubi lee the coincidence of thetwo celebrations at rome is not a little striking and it brings out into very bold relief the won derful changes in the condition and the prospects of european society which have been accomplished within the pontificate of the present pope at the same time we are called to celebrate a still more sig nificant and important jubilee â€” the jubi lee of john wyckliffe the 500th anniver sary of the formal condemnation of his doctrine by the papal court so we are living in the atmosphere of jubilees it is curious that the 50th year of the episco pate of pio nono which summons a great concourse of pilgrims to koine with gifts and offerings and every demonstration of joy falls in the very month of the 500th anniversary of the formal condemnation of the first principles of the english re formation by his predecessor if he will trouble himself to compare roman italy as it was when a few years ago he ceased to have power to blight it with the eng land which gregory xi was so sure would be cursed and blasted if the pestilent ideas of wyckliffe were allowed to spread it may be suggestive of some fruitful though humbling reflections the english which by all papal rules should be grovelling in misery and cowering in shame has pass ed on to the van of the world the most free active intelligent industrious and prosperous of peoples has grown strong and glad under the teaching which the pope cursed with such bitter vehemence while the successor of gregory calls him self sadly the prisoner of the vatican and the enemies who have as he maintains despoiled him celebrate tlieir jubilee and make merry under his verv eyes the contrast is certainly a striking one be tween protestant england and vatican rome ; nay we may go further and say between teutonic protestantism in eng land germany america and australia and the kingdoms which still wither un der the sway of the latin church â€” eng lish independent t a louisiana paper puts the case thus : from all the city papers comes the cry of thousands of starving people who have nothing to do want of employment seems to be the great want of the day with the city people it is said that in new york upwards of fifty thousand fam ilies are out of bread in xew orleans many thousands are starving forthe want of work thousands are waiting for the pacific railroad and the jetties to bring them something to do the city journals are continually filing off long leaders on the subject of want of capital enterprise and business and giving learned disqui sitions on the subject of trade and finance and the mode to get things in shape once more the pacific railroad is what is wanted according to some and the grain trade according toothers to give employ ment to all now it is a singular pheno mena that while the cities are filled with idle people in the country the great want is labor â€” somebody to work in the at takapas the whole productive powers of the country are almost paralyzed for want of laborers and 50,000 people could find profitable employment in the various branches of agriculture vermilion par ish needs 10.000 iberia from 10,000 to 15,000 lafayette 10,000 st martin and st mary 20,000 laborers a doctor's wife tried the persuasive ef fect of her tears wife s..id he tears are useless i have analysed them they contain a little phosphate of lime gome chloride of sodium and water battle of ramsour's mill this battle was fought on the 20th of june 1780 on land now owned by capt wallace reinhardf clerk ofthe superior court of lincoln county the battle ground is half a mile north of the village of lincolnton the tories had assembled there to the number of 1,400 under a lieut colonel moore when they were attacked and defeated by col locke with 400 men all the advantages of prestige and posi tion were on the side of the tories charleston had fallen on the 12th of may of that year ou the 29th of that same month tarleton had butehered the almost unresisting command of buford in the waxhaw settlement there were no mails in those days aud hardly any means of communication british emissaries with gold in their pockets told the people that the rebel cause was lost and they proffer ed money to all who wouid join their standard the tories under moore occu pied a wooded knoll with an open field of 200 yards in front over which the whigs would have to attack them notwith standing these advantages gen ruther ford who was encamped below charlotte with 500 men resolved to march to the attack and he sent an express to colonel locke to join him the messenger never reached locke and each officer began his inarch on his own responsibility locke reached the field some hours in advance of rutherford and with a soldier's impet uosity began the attack unaided the | attack iu front failed aud the tories press i ed back their assailants but the whigs were not discouraged and by a movement under cover of the woods succeeded in gaining the flank aud rear of the enemy who fell back in confusion it is difficult to over-estimate the im portance of this victory it prevented a ' rising of the tory element in western ! north carolina and it inspired the whigs with hope and courage it was the pre cursor of the decisive victory at king's mountain on the 7th of october of the same year which was in many respects the most important victory of the great rebellion though hardly alluded to in northern annals it is hardly too much to say that the inspiration of ramsour's mill achieved the crowning triumph at king's mountain â€” southern home african explorations â€” those who attained maturity may recollect seeing upon maps of africa a large blank space in the centre indicating a land unexplor ed and unknown ol late _, cans cnploi-t ra have pierced its mysteries and ascertain i edthat this region of great equatorial lakes is one ofthe most populous and fertile of the earth and that an immense plateau among mountains crowned with eternal i snows is watered by great streams pro * ceeding from them and offers climates of various degrees of temperature this in â– viting bind is however the abode of sav ages who are at perpetual war with each other and who mutually cause a destruc tion of human life computed at hundreds of thousands a year at least 40,000 slaves are also annually captured there for use upon the continent or for shipment else where the international african asso ciation headed by the king of belgium desires to commence the civilization of the country by establishing stations for scientific observations and for the use and protection of travellers and branches of the association have been formed in sev eral european countries n y.sun mrs ruth beaton the largest woman iu the world is dead she was 54 years of age 7 feet 4 inches high and weighed o^o pounds the local paper states that it required eight men with block and tac kle to lower the remains into the grave she was a kind good neighbor a loving mother and was beloved by all who knew her the wife of col west harris of mont gomery county whose maiden name was ledbetter of the family of that name in stanly and anson weighed 400 lbs at death in 1826 â€” watchman tilden answer to the government suit new yobk june 2.1 the council for ex-governor tilden yesterday filed in the united states district court the answer to the suit of the government against mr tilden to recover 156,000 income tax al leged to be due the government the an swer states that the returns made by mr tilden were all correct and that in the years when he neglected to make returns the government collector made an assess ment which with the penalty attached he paid the answer concludes with a general denial of all the allegations in thr complaint and claims that mr tilden is indebted nothing to the government for income tax or any other account the inventor of the coach brake a correspondent from spartanburg writes as follows in your published statement of i north carolina inventions i think one of the most important was omitted viz the coach brake from which i have under stood the ear brake now in use was made i it was invented by ben seim anthonv | bencini of salisbury n c an old stage i conductor i am not sin 1 spell his name correctly but i knew him well ib never took out any patent foi it strange to say these meat showers now people know exactly what they are thev had one of | them in franklin tenn the other day | and a scientific man put a bit of the meat under a microscope and found it to be an organism a loricated infusoria governor tilden speaks at last he denounces rtpublican fraud but is hopeful ofthe rcpitldie ry telegraph to the news and courier new york june 12 governor tilden made a brief speech at the reception of the manhattan club to-night after al luding to the departure of governor hen dricks to-morrow with his best wishes for a prosperous voyage and safe return he said everybody knows that after the recent election the men who were elected by the people president and vice president of the united states were counted out and men who were not elected counted in and seated i dis claim any thought of the personal wrong involved in this transaction not by any act or word of mine shall that be dwarfed or degraded into a personal grievance which is in truth the greatest wrong that has staiued our national annals to every man of the four and a quarter mil lions who were defrauded ofthe fruits of their elective franchise it is as great a wrong as it is to nie and no less to every man of the minority will the ulti mate qpnsequences extend evils in gov ernment glow by success and impunity they do not arrest their own progress they can never be limited except by ex ternal forces if the men in possession of the government can in one instance maintain themselves in power against an adverse decision at the elections such an example will be imitated temptation exists always devices to give the color of law and false pretences on which to found fraudulent decisions will not be wanting the wrong will grow into a practice if once condoned in the world's history changes in the succession of gov ernments have usually been the result of fraud or force it has been our faith nnd our pride that we had established a mode of peaceful change to be worked out by the agency of the ballot-box the ques tion now is whether our election system in its substance as well as form is to be maintained this is the question of questions until it is finally settled there can be no politics founded on inferior questions of administrative policy it in volves the fundamental right ofthe peo ple it involves the elective principle it involves the whole system of popular government the people must signally condemn the great wrong which has been done to them they must strip this ex ample of cvervthing that can attract im itators they must refuse a prosperous immunity to crime this is not all the people will not be able to trust the au thors or beneficiaries of the wrong to de vise remedies but when those who con demn the wrong shall have the power they must devise the measure which shall render a repetition of the wrong forever impossible if my voice could reach throughout our country and in heard in its remotest hamlet i would say be of good cheer the republic will live the institutions of our fathers are not to ex pire in shame the sovereignty ofthe peo ple shall be rescued from this peril and re-established 11 successful wrong never appears so triumphaut as ou the very eve of its fall seven years ago a corrupt dynasty culminated in its power over the million of people who live in the city of new york it had conquored or bribed or flattered and won almost everybody into acquiescence it appeared to be in vincible a year or two later its mem bers were in the penitentiary or in exile history abounds iu similar examples we must believe in the right and in the future a great and noble nation will not sever its political from its moral life withdrawn from tin episcopal church rev w t helm of nashville tenn has written a letter to right rev bishop atkinson of north carolina signifying his withdrawal fnun the protestant epis copal church in order to join the reformed episcopal church he cannot conscien tiously make the ign of the cross in bap tism and bishop quintard of tennessee â€” to whom he bad a letter dismissory from bishop atkinson will not sanction its omission none like him at the detroit and milwaukee depot as a lady was about to get aboard the down train she said to the man who was loaded down with her parcels now while i'm gone you must take up and beat all the carpets and lay them again of course he replied and polish all the windows rub off the furniture and repaint the front teps i will dear and you must rake off the yard make some flower-beds lix the alley fence and black all the stoves before you pack them away and you must send me 20 per week write to me daily and the neighbors will watch to see if you are out after eight o'clock in the evening now then good bye uh ! darling bow can t spare you !" he sighed the enginegroaned and away she went and lie turned to go out his mental distress was so great that he fell over a trunk barked his shins and rubbed half - v skin olf his nose detroit era press from tlic 3cientitlc american torpedoes bv i umlvux mmm - lhe development of submarine warfare i been *â€¢> m>u of late that it is hardly ssihlc to foretell what potent influence \. may have on the war now being waged in kastern europe while fngland france italy nnl in fact nearly all the jtoropeiin naval powers have been build *,'*,- huge engines of war ofa tonnage ar m or.aiidaitil ry never heard of before the torpedo has b en gradually perfected and threatens at least under many circum stances to neutralize them a torpedo may be regarded as a gun which dispenses with a gun carriage and wbich without the vast and expensive agency of a great hip indicts as formidable *Â» blow as that ,,! the heaviest artilcry the original inventor was david bnsh neff born at westbrook connecticut 7a2 uo not only devised a torpedo but dso a submarine rowing boat intended lu convey it to the bottom of the vessel to lie attacked his practical experiments however which he was enabled to carry 0 nt with the assistance of thv private purse of george washington did not prove successful and the invention sank into oblivion until the commencement of rhe present century when robert fulton au american sojourning in france offered a similar one to the french government after considerable parleying it was reject ed and fulton sold his secret to the brit ish admiralty for 75,000 the so-called catamaran expedition an attempt to de stiny the french lino-of-battle ships and i.uis|miits off boulogne turning out a failure fulton returned to the united state and during the war of 1si2 tried in vain to blow up several of the english moekaders the rage of the british com manders knew no bound and the proceed ings were termed unchristian the in vention ofa fiend etc cousin john bull has a frightfully short memory at times in h20 colonel samuel colt commenc ed cxpei intents with a submarine torpedo exploded by a galvano-olecti ie battery and after many disappointments he suc ceeded on october is 1s42 in destroying the brig volta in new york harbor in the presence of 40,000 fexeited spectators so far only vessels at anchor had been at tacked but on april 13 1843 colt blew up a brig of 00 tons under sail on the potomac river he himself being the oper ator and at the time at alexandria five miles distant from the explosion the first european government to adopt the invention was austria who laid duwn a perfect electric torpedo net for the defence of venice russia followed suit and during the crimean war protect ed the entrance of cronsfadt as well as tlint of sebastopol harbor by an improved system of ground torpedoes which kept tin english fleet at a respectful distance the american civil war for the first time cleat iv demonstrated the tremendous effect of the invention and at the same time changed its character from a purely de fensive to a u offensive weapon galled by the soon-established superiority of the united states navy which gradually seal ed up all the important southern ports he confederate government organized a special torpedo service corps and after sinking torjiedoes in every available ap l'loacli they proceeded to build small i learners const meted to carry spar torpe does these torpedo boats with an easily oinpieheiisible biblical allusion were â€¢ ailed davids and were in several in stances used with as much pluck and per severance as terrible effect the united states soon imitated the david and in if*Â«i4 the late commander cushing q.s.n xtieeeeded in destroying the confederate lain albemarle lying at anchor in the lames river siace then the electric ap paratus 4or torpedoes and the torpedo ' itself lwve been vastly improved and ninumfjtos new inventions have been in b-odnced all of which however may be classed under the following live heads ground torpedoes spar torpedoes har vey towing torpedoes whitehead fish torpedoes and the lay torpedo qrorxd torfbdoes i'he ground torpedo is a sort of sunken mine exploding either by contact or by electricity if these arc judiciously laid down around a harbor or anchorage the i'l'ioach of hostile ships maybe rendered practicable provided always they are i'loteeted by slmre batteries or armed sl p to prevent removal every channel ay be barred by these hidden mines a $ tl"*y may be made so powerful that '*â– â€¢->' lii under which they explode is sure ''Â» become hopelessly disabled they are as ned to and held in their positions w hv mwhum or stockades the wtwting charge consists of gunpowder i 1 "* cotton or dynamite and the case or 1 is either made of iron or wood in ( liarlcston harbor old steam boilers were equeutly used , bÂ»ar tori'edoks 1 lu spar torpedo is fastened to the end "' Â« mv from lo to iri feet long carried 111 a wit no matter how small and ex i'mcs also either by electricity or contact * lost remarkable experiment was made â„¢ t'heiboiug france with spar torpe jjjji carried by a little vessel called the i'lioycrofr which was almost suhma nnp we illustrated this invention on l'l 230 and 246 of our current volume a very small part of it was abovo water but it was of sufficient strength to earry engines and two lateen sails and it was worked by a lieutenant two engineers and a pilot the french admiral had two disabled ships in succession towed out to sea at a speed of 14 knots an hour the torneycroft however was able to go at the rate of 19 knots an hour a rate not attained by any vessel iu the squad ron she very soon caught up with her prey delivered her blow with a spar tor pedo which projected from her bow and rebounded a rent as big as a liouse was made in the side of the ship attacked and she sank at once the thorneycroft only pun round and round for a few moments and then returned uninjured to the squad ron from which she had started a vessel of this kind is scarcely discernible in the water men if she were detected she is so small that it would be difficut to hit her and half a dozen thorneycrofts attacking a large vessel would be a most dangerous foe their expense is quite trifling as compared with that of great ships of war thev can be multiplied indefinitely and they can be carried on board other ships and be launched from them as occasion may require the italian government has already carried out this idea in the construction of her formidable new iron clads dandolo and duilio these vessels are fitted in tlieir stern with a sort of ar mored dry dock harboring a small tor pedo steamer as soon as the services of the latter are required the dry doek is filled with water and opened and the lit tle craft rushes out at the enemy return lag to her safe berth after her mission has been fulfilled admiral porter's torpedo vessel alarm also recently illustrated by us is fitted with spar torpedoes both for bow and beam but the torpedo generally supplied to all the cruisers of the united states is the harvev towing torpedo invented by an english officer in 180*2 it was soon adopted by nearly all other navies and probably will bo exclusively used in general action at sea as least lia ble to injure a friendly vessel iu the melee the harvey torpedo is towed upon the surface of the water by a wire rope tow line from a derrick end of the yard arm over or against the enemy and just before reaching the ship to be destroyed this towline is slacked and the torpedo being heavier than water dives under it when j in this position the explosion i.s effected j by menus ofa mechanical firing bolt strik i ing down upon a pin as soon as certain ! levers of the torpedo come into contact | with the bottom of the target this tor 1 pedo can also be made to explode by elec tricity two different forms are used for starboard and port whitehead fisil torpedoes this invention is the secret and the property ofthe british admiralty but the ; following details have leaked out : these torpedoes iesqjnblcs in shape a cigar pointed affoyi ends and are 18 feet long by two feet in diameter the inside is divided in three different compartments j first the head which contains a charge ! of 350 lbs of gun cotton and the pistol or detonator to explode it secondly the balance chamber which contains a con i trivance for setting it so as to remain at any depth nt which it is wished to travel ! under the water line and lastly the air chamber which contains the engines and j the com pressed air to drive them the , after end supports the screws â€” a right i and a left banded â€” which propel the tor pedo and are mvtde of the finest steel the air chamber is tested to the pressure of 1,200 lbs on the square inch although ' for service it is only loaded to soo lbs i the whitehead torpedo can be made to go at the rate of 20 knots for 1,000 yards ' and at any depth that is desired from 1 foot to 30 feet it can be set to explode either on striking an object or at any par | ticnlar distance undev 1,000 yards â€” in artillery language either by a percussion or a time fuse it can also be set so that if it misses the object aimed at it will go to the bottom and explode at half cock or come to the top on half cock so as to be recovered as it has bouyancy enough just to float on the surface of the water when i not in motion it is fired from what is , called au impulse tube which out of a frame fitted to a port discharges the tor pedo into the water it can lie fired above | the water but will at once go to the depth it is set for and then go straight to the ' object at matter how fast the ship from i which it is discharged is going or how fast the object aimed at may be sailing or steaming in fact it seems that it can do j anything but speak it is calculated to ] make a hole on bursting of 70 feet area and there is no doubt that if one of thein i hits a ship of any sort of description at present on the water she must at once proceed to the bottom it is evident that by this means a compartively feeble ship if only able to approach within 1,000 yards of a large one can discharge a deadly flight of unseen projectiles at her and at night such au attack will probably be wholly unsuspected and scarcely ope to resistance as the vessel fired against will lie positively unaware of the attack until she is blown up the newly invented electric light from the top is a great help to the party attacked but if three or four boats of great speed attack a vessel from different points of tho compass and if they are commanded by smart officers nothing that she can ilowill save her from being hit by one or more of tbem there is no doubt whatever that this torpedo ia the most formidable weapon of modern naval warfare the lay torpedo properly speaking the invention of mr lay purchased by the united states gov ernment is not a torpedo but a very in geniously devised submarine torpedo lioat fitted with a spar torpedo this boat has the advantage of not requiring any crew on board but in other particulars is capa ble of great improvements tbe motive power consists of an engine driven by carbonic acid gas and a screw propeller the boat is entirely submerged and is steered and in all other respects controlled by means of an electric battery onshore connected with her by a cable which is coiled up in her hold and pays out as she moves away her location is indicated above the surface of the water by a flag so as to enable the operator to direct her course the greatest defect of the lay torpedo is want of speed the united * states government stipulated for a speed j of 9 statute miles per hour but the niaxi | niuni speed actually attained at the late j trial trip when it was steered by lien i tenant r b bradford u.8.n showed i only an average of g.tio miles per hour so that a ship attacked would only have to lower her boats and let them row between , the approaching torpedo and the shore j and cut the cable which would leave the i torjiedo at tlieir mercy the defeuse of i ships against torpedo attacks of all kinds ; is at present very imperfectly developed principally owning to the fact that the offensive qualities of any weapon must i first ik learned before effectual means or j defense can be devised and as actual war ! fare cau only give a correct idea of the former we are uo doubt on the eve of very startling events which may entirely revo lutionize aud change every recognized principle of naval tactics the great anxiety felt in england for the future safetv and efficiency of the : british navy on account of torpedoes is | shown by the attempted formation of an international torpedo association which lieutenant colonel martin of boxgrove guilford late commanding 4th the king's j own royals is about to set on foot he i says in his programme : when explosive i bullets and chain shots were invented and j actually used in war nations unanimous i ly agreed to discontinue their use and j prohibit their manufacture yet explosive bullets and chain shots it must be admit ted are harmless as compared to torpe does poisoning i.s prohibited in war why not prohibit torpedoes which are actually more subtle and deadly than poi son there being no antidote to escape from them ? for instance were i allowed to tire from a mortar gutta percha bags tilled with strychnine and charged with a burster and a time fuse to cause the bag to burst and scatter its diabolical contents over some obstinate city or fort which j would not capitulate this visitation would j be far more merciful in its way towards the people of that city or fort than torpe does would be against crews of ships be cause the strychnine could be seen and avoided by flight whereas on the other hand torpedoes secretly moored or oven fish torpedoes insure complete sudden unexpected and unavoidable destruction several clever artisans have already been killed by merely pumping compressed air into the tails of unloaded fish torpedoes had these torpedoes been loaded with gun cotton for service on board ship and even if one of them exploded from careless handling during action while compressed air was being supplied to start it or if by chance a shot or shell struck the ship at the time of starting a fish torpedo on its death track the fearful consequences may be easily imagined as a proof that gov ernments appreciate the danger they in i eur by the use of torpedoes i may here j state that it is well known that after the austro-italian war all the picked-up tor i pedoes proved to be dummies it is our l bounden duty to keep peace with other countries but every one will admit that â– the sooner tho international anti-torpe j do association has accomplished its task the better for the cause of humanity !" it is much to be feared tlmt other na tions will prefer to take a different view ofthe case and continue to consider tor i pedoer a cheap and effective counterpoise j to the costly and powerful english iron clads the fall circuits â€” the ridings for the fall circuit of the superior court are as follows : 1st district james l henr 2d " riley h cannon 3d " mills l eure 4th " william a moore 5th " augustus s seymour 6th " allmand a mckoy 7th " ralph p buxton * 8th " william r cox oth ** john kerr ' lotli " john m cloud i uth i david schenck pith " david m furches the receipts of internal revenue for thv fiscal year ending the 30th of june will amount to 119,000,000 last year they were .*? 117,000,(100 the increase of 2 000,000 is largely owing to the breaking up of illicit distilling i

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tiie carolina watchman vol viii third series falisbtjry v c july 5 1877 no 37 from the christian observer russia and turkey ry rev j a sloan the origin history and end of moham medanism the prophecies of daniel and john are among the most remarkable things con tained in the book of books the bible in the 2nd 7th and 8th chapters of dani el under different symbols we have the leading historical events of the world from the origiu of the assyrian or chal dean empire down to the end of time the four great monarchies are written rather with the pen of the historian than in the predictions ofthe inspired seer ln dan iel 8 : 8 we are told that when the he goat or alexander the great waxed great the great horn in his head was broken and from it came up four notable horns toward the four winds of heaven alex ander's dominions were divided between his four leading generals out of one of these parts came a little horn which also waxed great the passage daniel 8 9 14 has been often applied by earlier com mentators to antiochus epiphanes this is now admitted to be a mistake a horn in prophetical language always denotes a new power either civil or ecclesiastical this little horn possessed both of these marks the empire of antiochus was an old power it only lasted for three or four years this little horn was to continue or come to an end after 2,300 years from the time daniel described it verse 14 we give a brief exposition of the two passages daniel 8 23 â€” 25 and 8 9â€”14 to which we refer the reader this little horn describes or symbolizes the mohammedan delusion in its origin history and its final termination the head of it is said to be a king of fierce countenance this is descriptive of mo hammed and his successors the caliphs of bagdad he understands dark sen tences this refers to the enigmatical part of many things found in the koran he would increase or be gjeat not by his own power i e his system would not tri umph by its own inherent goodness or merely by his personal efforts he got a few powerful adherents who raised an ar my and carried it to success by conquest he magnified himself even to the prince of the host mohammed and his follow ers regard moses and christ as great and good men but that he greater than either came to complete what christ left unfin ished cast down some ofthe hosts and ofthe stars to the ground i.e he slew many eminent officials of the eastern church in fact he over-ran and took most ofit in western asia he gave con quered countries the choice of the sword or the koran with paying tribute to his government the civil power of moham medanism has been extensive and its spiritual influence has been exerted dele tei iously over a large number ofthe human family its civil or political power began in a i 622 this being the first yecr of the hegira or flight of mohammed from mecca to medina from which date their chronology begins john iu revelation 9 1 â€” 11 gives a clear description of this desolating delu sion together with the time its conquests were to continue his time i.s five mouths or 150 years 9 10 now from the first preaching of mohammed in a d 612 to the founding of bagdad a d 762 when they became a settled people and ceased their conquests is 150 years or five months 30x5 â€” 150 bagdad was founded a d 762 and if means the city of peace they continued in power up to the begin ning of the 14th century and are known iu profane history as saracens during the 11th 12th and 13th centuries the tur komans came from independent tartary into persia and countries around the eu phrates and there founded four sultanies of which damascus aleppo icouiiim and bagdad were the respective chief cities these were restrained or remained with in their own territory through the 12th and 13th centuries by the wars of the crusaders in the west when the wars of the crusaders came to an end the tur komans began their conquests westward ; in other words the four angels bound iu the great river euphrates were loosed revelations 9 14 sixth trumpet they continued their conquests subverted the saracen empire took tlieir place and have been known since as turks or ottomans since turkey is sometimes called the ot toman empire they took constantino ple a d 1453 they are mohammedans in religion they were prepared for an hour a day a month and a year reve lations 9 15 that is they would continue their conquest over men for 391 years a day 1 a month 30 a year 360 â€” 391 years they began to move westward in a d 1302 and their conquests ended a d 1693 that is 391 years ; since that time they have not extended their conquests over any christian territory but have confined themselves to the limits of their own terri tory and have been watchiiigtheencroach ments of the old northern bear russia in revelation 15 12 the angel poured out the sixth vial on the great river eu phrates and the water thereof was dried up that the way of the kings of the east might be prepared 1 this language refers by common consent to the return ofthe jews to palestine turkey is the only obstruc tion that is in the way she holding pal estine syria and turkey in europe with constantinople as its capitol the pow er therefore that removes this obstruction to the return of the jews to their own land will come from the east according to this prophecy ; hence we iufer that russia will attaek and take constantino ple with an army marching by laud from the east the destruction of the moham medan power is not far distant let us now review briefly the numbers or chronology of mohammedanism from daniel 7 25 we learn that this little horn has a time and times and the dividing of time or 3 years of 360 days making 1260 years from revelations 12 6 we learu that the little horn of the west that is popery has the same time to run viz : 1260 years popery in the west and mo hammedanism in the east began at the same time ran the same period to ruin 1260 years and they will end together if we know the time to begin it is easy to find the end now the first year of the hegira is a d 622 add to this time to continue 1260 the end of mohammedan ismâ€”1882.â€”from daniel 8 3 we learn that the medo persian ram was standing by the river i e that empire was in its height or middle of its existence at b c 418 from that time till all is fulfilled is 2,300 years daniel 3 14 take 418 b c from 2,300 and it gives 1882 or thus 2,300 less 418 makes 1882 so then this great event is nigh even at the door it will probably be between a i 1882 and 1880 wyckliffe and pius ix sunday june 3d was a high day at rome pio xouo celebrated the jubilee of his episcopal consecration while on the same day the italian people celebrated with great rejoicing the thirtieth anniver sary of tlieir political constitution which also is a kiud of jubilee as thirty years about represents the life of a generation and the roman church has itself ordained that each generation should have its jubi lee the coincidence of thetwo celebrations at rome is not a little striking and it brings out into very bold relief the won derful changes in the condition and the prospects of european society which have been accomplished within the pontificate of the present pope at the same time we are called to celebrate a still more sig nificant and important jubilee â€” the jubi lee of john wyckliffe the 500th anniver sary of the formal condemnation of his doctrine by the papal court so we are living in the atmosphere of jubilees it is curious that the 50th year of the episco pate of pio nono which summons a great concourse of pilgrims to koine with gifts and offerings and every demonstration of joy falls in the very month of the 500th anniversary of the formal condemnation of the first principles of the english re formation by his predecessor if he will trouble himself to compare roman italy as it was when a few years ago he ceased to have power to blight it with the eng land which gregory xi was so sure would be cursed and blasted if the pestilent ideas of wyckliffe were allowed to spread it may be suggestive of some fruitful though humbling reflections the english which by all papal rules should be grovelling in misery and cowering in shame has pass ed on to the van of the world the most free active intelligent industrious and prosperous of peoples has grown strong and glad under the teaching which the pope cursed with such bitter vehemence while the successor of gregory calls him self sadly the prisoner of the vatican and the enemies who have as he maintains despoiled him celebrate tlieir jubilee and make merry under his verv eyes the contrast is certainly a striking one be tween protestant england and vatican rome ; nay we may go further and say between teutonic protestantism in eng land germany america and australia and the kingdoms which still wither un der the sway of the latin church â€” eng lish independent t a louisiana paper puts the case thus : from all the city papers comes the cry of thousands of starving people who have nothing to do want of employment seems to be the great want of the day with the city people it is said that in new york upwards of fifty thousand fam ilies are out of bread in xew orleans many thousands are starving forthe want of work thousands are waiting for the pacific railroad and the jetties to bring them something to do the city journals are continually filing off long leaders on the subject of want of capital enterprise and business and giving learned disqui sitions on the subject of trade and finance and the mode to get things in shape once more the pacific railroad is what is wanted according to some and the grain trade according toothers to give employ ment to all now it is a singular pheno mena that while the cities are filled with idle people in the country the great want is labor â€” somebody to work in the at takapas the whole productive powers of the country are almost paralyzed for want of laborers and 50,000 people could find profitable employment in the various branches of agriculture vermilion par ish needs 10.000 iberia from 10,000 to 15,000 lafayette 10,000 st martin and st mary 20,000 laborers a doctor's wife tried the persuasive ef fect of her tears wife s..id he tears are useless i have analysed them they contain a little phosphate of lime gome chloride of sodium and water battle of ramsour's mill this battle was fought on the 20th of june 1780 on land now owned by capt wallace reinhardf clerk ofthe superior court of lincoln county the battle ground is half a mile north of the village of lincolnton the tories had assembled there to the number of 1,400 under a lieut colonel moore when they were attacked and defeated by col locke with 400 men all the advantages of prestige and posi tion were on the side of the tories charleston had fallen on the 12th of may of that year ou the 29th of that same month tarleton had butehered the almost unresisting command of buford in the waxhaw settlement there were no mails in those days aud hardly any means of communication british emissaries with gold in their pockets told the people that the rebel cause was lost and they proffer ed money to all who wouid join their standard the tories under moore occu pied a wooded knoll with an open field of 200 yards in front over which the whigs would have to attack them notwith standing these advantages gen ruther ford who was encamped below charlotte with 500 men resolved to march to the attack and he sent an express to colonel locke to join him the messenger never reached locke and each officer began his inarch on his own responsibility locke reached the field some hours in advance of rutherford and with a soldier's impet uosity began the attack unaided the | attack iu front failed aud the tories press i ed back their assailants but the whigs were not discouraged and by a movement under cover of the woods succeeded in gaining the flank aud rear of the enemy who fell back in confusion it is difficult to over-estimate the im portance of this victory it prevented a ' rising of the tory element in western ! north carolina and it inspired the whigs with hope and courage it was the pre cursor of the decisive victory at king's mountain on the 7th of october of the same year which was in many respects the most important victory of the great rebellion though hardly alluded to in northern annals it is hardly too much to say that the inspiration of ramsour's mill achieved the crowning triumph at king's mountain â€” southern home african explorations â€” those who attained maturity may recollect seeing upon maps of africa a large blank space in the centre indicating a land unexplor ed and unknown ol late _, cans cnploi-t ra have pierced its mysteries and ascertain i edthat this region of great equatorial lakes is one ofthe most populous and fertile of the earth and that an immense plateau among mountains crowned with eternal i snows is watered by great streams pro * ceeding from them and offers climates of various degrees of temperature this in â– viting bind is however the abode of sav ages who are at perpetual war with each other and who mutually cause a destruc tion of human life computed at hundreds of thousands a year at least 40,000 slaves are also annually captured there for use upon the continent or for shipment else where the international african asso ciation headed by the king of belgium desires to commence the civilization of the country by establishing stations for scientific observations and for the use and protection of travellers and branches of the association have been formed in sev eral european countries n y.sun mrs ruth beaton the largest woman iu the world is dead she was 54 years of age 7 feet 4 inches high and weighed o^o pounds the local paper states that it required eight men with block and tac kle to lower the remains into the grave she was a kind good neighbor a loving mother and was beloved by all who knew her the wife of col west harris of mont gomery county whose maiden name was ledbetter of the family of that name in stanly and anson weighed 400 lbs at death in 1826 â€” watchman tilden answer to the government suit new yobk june 2.1 the council for ex-governor tilden yesterday filed in the united states district court the answer to the suit of the government against mr tilden to recover 156,000 income tax al leged to be due the government the an swer states that the returns made by mr tilden were all correct and that in the years when he neglected to make returns the government collector made an assess ment which with the penalty attached he paid the answer concludes with a general denial of all the allegations in thr complaint and claims that mr tilden is indebted nothing to the government for income tax or any other account the inventor of the coach brake a correspondent from spartanburg writes as follows in your published statement of i north carolina inventions i think one of the most important was omitted viz the coach brake from which i have under stood the ear brake now in use was made i it was invented by ben seim anthonv | bencini of salisbury n c an old stage i conductor i am not sin 1 spell his name correctly but i knew him well ib never took out any patent foi it strange to say these meat showers now people know exactly what they are thev had one of | them in franklin tenn the other day | and a scientific man put a bit of the meat under a microscope and found it to be an organism a loricated infusoria governor tilden speaks at last he denounces rtpublican fraud but is hopeful ofthe rcpitldie ry telegraph to the news and courier new york june 12 governor tilden made a brief speech at the reception of the manhattan club to-night after al luding to the departure of governor hen dricks to-morrow with his best wishes for a prosperous voyage and safe return he said everybody knows that after the recent election the men who were elected by the people president and vice president of the united states were counted out and men who were not elected counted in and seated i dis claim any thought of the personal wrong involved in this transaction not by any act or word of mine shall that be dwarfed or degraded into a personal grievance which is in truth the greatest wrong that has staiued our national annals to every man of the four and a quarter mil lions who were defrauded ofthe fruits of their elective franchise it is as great a wrong as it is to nie and no less to every man of the minority will the ulti mate qpnsequences extend evils in gov ernment glow by success and impunity they do not arrest their own progress they can never be limited except by ex ternal forces if the men in possession of the government can in one instance maintain themselves in power against an adverse decision at the elections such an example will be imitated temptation exists always devices to give the color of law and false pretences on which to found fraudulent decisions will not be wanting the wrong will grow into a practice if once condoned in the world's history changes in the succession of gov ernments have usually been the result of fraud or force it has been our faith nnd our pride that we had established a mode of peaceful change to be worked out by the agency of the ballot-box the ques tion now is whether our election system in its substance as well as form is to be maintained this is the question of questions until it is finally settled there can be no politics founded on inferior questions of administrative policy it in volves the fundamental right ofthe peo ple it involves the elective principle it involves the whole system of popular government the people must signally condemn the great wrong which has been done to them they must strip this ex ample of cvervthing that can attract im itators they must refuse a prosperous immunity to crime this is not all the people will not be able to trust the au thors or beneficiaries of the wrong to de vise remedies but when those who con demn the wrong shall have the power they must devise the measure which shall render a repetition of the wrong forever impossible if my voice could reach throughout our country and in heard in its remotest hamlet i would say be of good cheer the republic will live the institutions of our fathers are not to ex pire in shame the sovereignty ofthe peo ple shall be rescued from this peril and re-established 11 successful wrong never appears so triumphaut as ou the very eve of its fall seven years ago a corrupt dynasty culminated in its power over the million of people who live in the city of new york it had conquored or bribed or flattered and won almost everybody into acquiescence it appeared to be in vincible a year or two later its mem bers were in the penitentiary or in exile history abounds iu similar examples we must believe in the right and in the future a great and noble nation will not sever its political from its moral life withdrawn from tin episcopal church rev w t helm of nashville tenn has written a letter to right rev bishop atkinson of north carolina signifying his withdrawal fnun the protestant epis copal church in order to join the reformed episcopal church he cannot conscien tiously make the ign of the cross in bap tism and bishop quintard of tennessee â€” to whom he bad a letter dismissory from bishop atkinson will not sanction its omission none like him at the detroit and milwaukee depot as a lady was about to get aboard the down train she said to the man who was loaded down with her parcels now while i'm gone you must take up and beat all the carpets and lay them again of course he replied and polish all the windows rub off the furniture and repaint the front teps i will dear and you must rake off the yard make some flower-beds lix the alley fence and black all the stoves before you pack them away and you must send me 20 per week write to me daily and the neighbors will watch to see if you are out after eight o'clock in the evening now then good bye uh ! darling bow can t spare you !" he sighed the enginegroaned and away she went and lie turned to go out his mental distress was so great that he fell over a trunk barked his shins and rubbed half - v skin olf his nose detroit era press from tlic 3cientitlc american torpedoes bv i umlvux mmm - lhe development of submarine warfare i been *â€¢> m>u of late that it is hardly ssihlc to foretell what potent influence \. may have on the war now being waged in kastern europe while fngland france italy nnl in fact nearly all the jtoropeiin naval powers have been build *,'*,- huge engines of war ofa tonnage ar m or.aiidaitil ry never heard of before the torpedo has b en gradually perfected and threatens at least under many circum stances to neutralize them a torpedo may be regarded as a gun which dispenses with a gun carriage and wbich without the vast and expensive agency of a great hip indicts as formidable *Â» blow as that ,,! the heaviest artilcry the original inventor was david bnsh neff born at westbrook connecticut 7a2 uo not only devised a torpedo but dso a submarine rowing boat intended lu convey it to the bottom of the vessel to lie attacked his practical experiments however which he was enabled to carry 0 nt with the assistance of thv private purse of george washington did not prove successful and the invention sank into oblivion until the commencement of rhe present century when robert fulton au american sojourning in france offered a similar one to the french government after considerable parleying it was reject ed and fulton sold his secret to the brit ish admiralty for 75,000 the so-called catamaran expedition an attempt to de stiny the french lino-of-battle ships and i.uis|miits off boulogne turning out a failure fulton returned to the united state and during the war of 1si2 tried in vain to blow up several of the english moekaders the rage of the british com manders knew no bound and the proceed ings were termed unchristian the in vention ofa fiend etc cousin john bull has a frightfully short memory at times in h20 colonel samuel colt commenc ed cxpei intents with a submarine torpedo exploded by a galvano-olecti ie battery and after many disappointments he suc ceeded on october is 1s42 in destroying the brig volta in new york harbor in the presence of 40,000 fexeited spectators so far only vessels at anchor had been at tacked but on april 13 1843 colt blew up a brig of 00 tons under sail on the potomac river he himself being the oper ator and at the time at alexandria five miles distant from the explosion the first european government to adopt the invention was austria who laid duwn a perfect electric torpedo net for the defence of venice russia followed suit and during the crimean war protect ed the entrance of cronsfadt as well as tlint of sebastopol harbor by an improved system of ground torpedoes which kept tin english fleet at a respectful distance the american civil war for the first time cleat iv demonstrated the tremendous effect of the invention and at the same time changed its character from a purely de fensive to a u offensive weapon galled by the soon-established superiority of the united states navy which gradually seal ed up all the important southern ports he confederate government organized a special torpedo service corps and after sinking torjiedoes in every available ap l'loacli they proceeded to build small i learners const meted to carry spar torpe does these torpedo boats with an easily oinpieheiisible biblical allusion were â€¢ ailed davids and were in several in stances used with as much pluck and per severance as terrible effect the united states soon imitated the david and in if*Â«i4 the late commander cushing q.s.n xtieeeeded in destroying the confederate lain albemarle lying at anchor in the lames river siace then the electric ap paratus 4or torpedoes and the torpedo ' itself lwve been vastly improved and ninumfjtos new inventions have been in b-odnced all of which however may be classed under the following live heads ground torpedoes spar torpedoes har vey towing torpedoes whitehead fish torpedoes and the lay torpedo qrorxd torfbdoes i'he ground torpedo is a sort of sunken mine exploding either by contact or by electricity if these arc judiciously laid down around a harbor or anchorage the i'l'ioach of hostile ships maybe rendered practicable provided always they are i'loteeted by slmre batteries or armed sl p to prevent removal every channel ay be barred by these hidden mines a $ tl"*y may be made so powerful that '*â– â€¢->' lii under which they explode is sure ''Â» become hopelessly disabled they are as ned to and held in their positions w hv mwhum or stockades the wtwting charge consists of gunpowder i 1 "* cotton or dynamite and the case or 1 is either made of iron or wood in ( liarlcston harbor old steam boilers were equeutly used , bÂ»ar tori'edoks 1 lu spar torpedo is fastened to the end "' Â« mv from lo to iri feet long carried 111 a wit no matter how small and ex i'mcs also either by electricity or contact * lost remarkable experiment was made â„¢ t'heiboiug france with spar torpe jjjji carried by a little vessel called the i'lioycrofr which was almost suhma nnp we illustrated this invention on l'l 230 and 246 of our current volume a very small part of it was abovo water but it was of sufficient strength to earry engines and two lateen sails and it was worked by a lieutenant two engineers and a pilot the french admiral had two disabled ships in succession towed out to sea at a speed of 14 knots an hour the torneycroft however was able to go at the rate of 19 knots an hour a rate not attained by any vessel iu the squad ron she very soon caught up with her prey delivered her blow with a spar tor pedo which projected from her bow and rebounded a rent as big as a liouse was made in the side of the ship attacked and she sank at once the thorneycroft only pun round and round for a few moments and then returned uninjured to the squad ron from which she had started a vessel of this kind is scarcely discernible in the water men if she were detected she is so small that it would be difficut to hit her and half a dozen thorneycrofts attacking a large vessel would be a most dangerous foe their expense is quite trifling as compared with that of great ships of war thev can be multiplied indefinitely and they can be carried on board other ships and be launched from them as occasion may require the italian government has already carried out this idea in the construction of her formidable new iron clads dandolo and duilio these vessels are fitted in tlieir stern with a sort of ar mored dry dock harboring a small tor pedo steamer as soon as the services of the latter are required the dry doek is filled with water and opened and the lit tle craft rushes out at the enemy return lag to her safe berth after her mission has been fulfilled admiral porter's torpedo vessel alarm also recently illustrated by us is fitted with spar torpedoes both for bow and beam but the torpedo generally supplied to all the cruisers of the united states is the harvev towing torpedo invented by an english officer in 180*2 it was soon adopted by nearly all other navies and probably will bo exclusively used in general action at sea as least lia ble to injure a friendly vessel iu the melee the harvey torpedo is towed upon the surface of the water by a wire rope tow line from a derrick end of the yard arm over or against the enemy and just before reaching the ship to be destroyed this towline is slacked and the torpedo being heavier than water dives under it when j in this position the explosion i.s effected j by menus ofa mechanical firing bolt strik i ing down upon a pin as soon as certain ! levers of the torpedo come into contact | with the bottom of the target this tor 1 pedo can also be made to explode by elec tricity two different forms are used for starboard and port whitehead fisil torpedoes this invention is the secret and the property ofthe british admiralty but the ; following details have leaked out : these torpedoes iesqjnblcs in shape a cigar pointed affoyi ends and are 18 feet long by two feet in diameter the inside is divided in three different compartments j first the head which contains a charge ! of 350 lbs of gun cotton and the pistol or detonator to explode it secondly the balance chamber which contains a con i trivance for setting it so as to remain at any depth nt which it is wished to travel ! under the water line and lastly the air chamber which contains the engines and j the com pressed air to drive them the , after end supports the screws â€” a right i and a left banded â€” which propel the tor pedo and are mvtde of the finest steel the air chamber is tested to the pressure of 1,200 lbs on the square inch although ' for service it is only loaded to soo lbs i the whitehead torpedo can be made to go at the rate of 20 knots for 1,000 yards ' and at any depth that is desired from 1 foot to 30 feet it can be set to explode either on striking an object or at any par | ticnlar distance undev 1,000 yards â€” in artillery language either by a percussion or a time fuse it can also be set so that if it misses the object aimed at it will go to the bottom and explode at half cock or come to the top on half cock so as to be recovered as it has bouyancy enough just to float on the surface of the water when i not in motion it is fired from what is , called au impulse tube which out of a frame fitted to a port discharges the tor pedo into the water it can lie fired above | the water but will at once go to the depth it is set for and then go straight to the ' object at matter how fast the ship from i which it is discharged is going or how fast the object aimed at may be sailing or steaming in fact it seems that it can do j anything but speak it is calculated to ] make a hole on bursting of 70 feet area and there is no doubt that if one of thein i hits a ship of any sort of description at present on the water she must at once proceed to the bottom it is evident that by this means a compartively feeble ship if only able to approach within 1,000 yards of a large one can discharge a deadly flight of unseen projectiles at her and at night such au attack will probably be wholly unsuspected and scarcely ope to resistance as the vessel fired against will lie positively unaware of the attack until she is blown up the newly invented electric light from the top is a great help to the party attacked but if three or four boats of great speed attack a vessel from different points of tho compass and if they are commanded by smart officers nothing that she can ilowill save her from being hit by one or more of tbem there is no doubt whatever that this torpedo ia the most formidable weapon of modern naval warfare the lay torpedo properly speaking the invention of mr lay purchased by the united states gov ernment is not a torpedo but a very in geniously devised submarine torpedo lioat fitted with a spar torpedo this boat has the advantage of not requiring any crew on board but in other particulars is capa ble of great improvements tbe motive power consists of an engine driven by carbonic acid gas and a screw propeller the boat is entirely submerged and is steered and in all other respects controlled by means of an electric battery onshore connected with her by a cable which is coiled up in her hold and pays out as she moves away her location is indicated above the surface of the water by a flag so as to enable the operator to direct her course the greatest defect of the lay torpedo is want of speed the united * states government stipulated for a speed j of 9 statute miles per hour but the niaxi | niuni speed actually attained at the late j trial trip when it was steered by lien i tenant r b bradford u.8.n showed i only an average of g.tio miles per hour so that a ship attacked would only have to lower her boats and let them row between , the approaching torpedo and the shore j and cut the cable which would leave the i torjiedo at tlieir mercy the defeuse of i ships against torpedo attacks of all kinds ; is at present very imperfectly developed principally owning to the fact that the offensive qualities of any weapon must i first ik learned before effectual means or j defense can be devised and as actual war ! fare cau only give a correct idea of the former we are uo doubt on the eve of very startling events which may entirely revo lutionize aud change every recognized principle of naval tactics the great anxiety felt in england for the future safetv and efficiency of the : british navy on account of torpedoes is | shown by the attempted formation of an international torpedo association which lieutenant colonel martin of boxgrove guilford late commanding 4th the king's j own royals is about to set on foot he i says in his programme : when explosive i bullets and chain shots were invented and j actually used in war nations unanimous i ly agreed to discontinue their use and j prohibit their manufacture yet explosive bullets and chain shots it must be admit ted are harmless as compared to torpe does poisoning i.s prohibited in war why not prohibit torpedoes which are actually more subtle and deadly than poi son there being no antidote to escape from them ? for instance were i allowed to tire from a mortar gutta percha bags tilled with strychnine and charged with a burster and a time fuse to cause the bag to burst and scatter its diabolical contents over some obstinate city or fort which j would not capitulate this visitation would j be far more merciful in its way towards the people of that city or fort than torpe does would be against crews of ships be cause the strychnine could be seen and avoided by flight whereas on the other hand torpedoes secretly moored or oven fish torpedoes insure complete sudden unexpected and unavoidable destruction several clever artisans have already been killed by merely pumping compressed air into the tails of unloaded fish torpedoes had these torpedoes been loaded with gun cotton for service on board ship and even if one of them exploded from careless handling during action while compressed air was being supplied to start it or if by chance a shot or shell struck the ship at the time of starting a fish torpedo on its death track the fearful consequences may be easily imagined as a proof that gov ernments appreciate the danger they in i eur by the use of torpedoes i may here j state that it is well known that after the austro-italian war all the picked-up tor i pedoes proved to be dummies it is our l bounden duty to keep peace with other countries but every one will admit that â– the sooner tho international anti-torpe j do association has accomplished its task the better for the cause of humanity !" it is much to be feared tlmt other na tions will prefer to take a different view ofthe case and continue to consider tor i pedoer a cheap and effective counterpoise j to the costly and powerful english iron clads the fall circuits â€” the ridings for the fall circuit of the superior court are as follows : 1st district james l henr 2d " riley h cannon 3d " mills l eure 4th " william a moore 5th " augustus s seymour 6th " allmand a mckoy 7th " ralph p buxton * 8th " william r cox oth ** john kerr ' lotli " john m cloud i uth i david schenck pith " david m furches the receipts of internal revenue for thv fiscal year ending the 30th of june will amount to 119,000,000 last year they were .*? 117,000,(100 the increase of 2 000,000 is largely owing to the breaking up of illicit distilling i