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The IELTS test is developed to provide a fair, accurate and reliable assessment of English language proficiency

Tee Neck SORRY MINE Round IS Short Sleeve Letter Printed V IELTS has rigorous test design, development and validation processes. These processes ensure that every version of the test is of a comparable level of difficulty and that every test around the world provides valid and consistent results.

Test writers from different English-speaking countries develop IELTS content so it reflects real-life situations around the world and is unbiased and fair to all test takers, whatever their background.

Based on pre-editing feedback, materials are revised and submitted for editing. Materials are then approved for pretesting or are sent back to a writer for further revision.

Pre-editing is the ﬁrst stage of the editing process and takes place when commissioned materials are initially submitted by item writers. It ensures that submitted material conforms to the speciﬁcations in every respect (e.g. topic, level of language, style of writing, level of task, focus of task). At this stage, guidance on the revision of materials for resubmission is provided to the item writers.

New materials are pretested on representative groups of test takers from around the world who are preparing to take an IELTS test. The Validation and Data Services team at Cambridge Assessment English collates and analyses resulting data to determine how difﬁcult the items are, and how well they distinguish between stronger and weaker test takers. They can then make informed decisions on whether materials can be accepted for use in IELTS tests.

Neck MINE SORRY IS Sleeve V Tee Short Letter Printed Round Standards ﬁxing involves the testing new Listening or Reading materials with representative groups of test takers. The aim is to gauge the difﬁculty of new Listening and Reading tests in order to ensure that band scores on every version of the IELTS Listening and Reading tests indicate the same measure of ability. Following standards ﬁxing, the new materials are ready to be used in live tests.

Papers are constructed for all four test components according to established principles. Among the factors taken into account are:

mean difﬁculty of the test version and the range of individual item difﬁculties

range of language skills tested

balance of task types

balance of topic and genre

range of cultural perspectives

V Letter Round Short Sleeve MINE IS Tee SORRY Neck Printed range of voices and accents in the Listening versions.

Data is routinely collected from live tests and analysed to conﬁrm the accuracy of the initial grading process and to support on-going quality assurance processes.