Latin for Beginners eBook

1. He is brave
1. May he be brave
Fortis est Fortis
sit (idea of wishing)
2. We set out at once 2. Let
us set out at once
Statim proficiscimur Statim
proficiscamur
(idea of
willing)
3. You hear him every day 3. You
can hear him every day
Cotidie eum audis Cotidie
eum audias
(idea of
possibility)
4. He remained until the ship 4. He
waited until the shiparrivedshould arrive
Mansit dum navis pervenit Exspectavit
dum navis
perveniret[1]
(idea of
expectation)
5. Caesar sends men who find the 5. Caesar
sends menbridgewho are to find
(or to
find) the bridge
Caesar mittit homines qui Caesar
homines mittit qui
pontem reperiunt pontem
reperiant
(idea of
purpose)

[Footnote 1: perveniret\,
imperfect subjunctive.]

NOTE. From the sentences above we observe that
the subjunctive may be used in either independent
or dependent clauses; but it is far more common in
the latter than in the former.

347. EXERCISE

Which verbs in the following paragraph would be in
the indicative and which in the subjunctive in a Latin
translation?

There have been times in the history of our country
when you might be proud of being an American citizen.
Do you remember the day when Dewey sailed into Manila
Bay to capture or destroy the enemy’s fleet?
You might have seen the admiral standing on the bridge
calmly giving his orders. He did not even wait
until the mines should be removed from the harbor’s
mouth, but sailed in at once. Let us not despair
of our country while such valor exists, and may the
future add new glories to the past.

LESSON LXII

The verb reperiant\ in the dependent clause is
in the subjunctive because it tells us what Caesar
wants the men to do; in other words, it expresses
his will and the purpose in his mind. Such a use
of the subjunctive is called the subjunctive of purpose.

349. RULE. Subjunctive of Purpose. The
subjunctive is used in a dependent clause to express
the purpose of the action in the principal clause.

350. A clause of purpose is introduced as follows:

I. If something is wanted, by

qui:\, the relative pronoun (as above)ut\, conj., in order that, thatquo:\ (abl. of qui:\, by which),
in order that, that, used when
the purpose clause contains
a comparative. The ablative quo:\
expresses the measure of difference.
(Cf. Sec. 317.)