U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide leadership on food, agriculture, natural resources, rural development, nutrition, and related issues based on public policy, the best available science, and effective management.
USDA have a vision to provide economic opportunity through innovation, helping rural America to thrive; to promote agriculture production that better nourishes Americans while also helping feed others throughout the world; and to preserve our Nation's natural resources through conservation, restored forests, improved watersheds, and healthy private working lands.

Cost-of-production forecasts for U.S. major field crops, 2018F-2019F
The forecasts are developed as a part of the USDA Baseline projections to help develop projected net returns for major field crops. These long-term baseline projections provide a starting point for discussion of alternative outcomes for the agricultural sector under expected or proposed future policies. Cost-of-production is only forecast at the national level and would differ considerably among regions, individual farmers, and by size of operation. F = Forecasts as of October 2018. Projected costs are based on 2017 production costs and projected changes in 2018 and 2019 indexes of prices paid for farm inputs.

Percent of household final consumption expenditures spent on food, alcoholic beverages, and tobacco that were consumed at home, 2009-2016. The data are computed by Birgit Meade (202-694-5159), ERS/USDA, EUROMONITOR data, June 2015.

Improving agricultural productivity has been the world's primary means of assuring that the needs of a growing population don't outstrip the ability of humanity to supply food. Over the past 50 years, productivity growth in agriculture has allowed food to become more abundant and cheaper (see Growth in Global Agricultural Productivity: An Update, Amber Waves, November 2013, and New Evidence Points to Robust But Uneven Productivity Growth in Global Agriculture, Amber Waves, September 2012). A broad concept of agricultural productivity is total factor productivity (TFP). TFP takes into account all of the land, labor, capital, and material resources employed in farm production and compares them with the total amount of crop and livestock output. If total output is growing faster than total inputs, we call this an improvement in total factor productivity ("factor" = input). TFP differs from measures like crop yield per acre or agricultural value-added per worker because it takes into account a broader set of inputs used in production. TFP encompasses the average productivity of all of these inputs employed in the production of all crop and livestock commodities. "Growth accounting" provides a practicable way of measuring changes in agricultural TFP across a broad set of countries and regions, and for the world as a whole, given limited international data on production outputs, inputs, and their economic values. The approach (described in detail in Documentation and Methods) gives agricultural TFP growth rates, but not TFP levels, across the countries and regions of the world in a consistent, comparable way. Most of the data for the analysis comes from FAOSTAT. In some cases Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) input and output data are supplemented with data from national statistical sources. Note: To facilitate international comparisons, certain simplifying assumptions must be made, and as such the estimates of TFP growth reported here may not be exactly the same as TFP growth estimates reported in other studies using different assumptions or methods. In particular, our TFP estimates for the United States differ slightly from those reported in ERS' Agricultural Productivity in the U.S. data product.

This data set contains estimates of total and marginal budget shares and income and price elasticities for nine broad consumption groups and eight food subgroups across 144 countries. Total and marginal budget shares and income and price elasticities are estimated using 2005 International Comparison Program (ICP) data, which is maintained by the ICP Development Data Group of the World Bank

This dataset is the basis for the International Food Security Assessment, 2017-27 released in July 2017. This annual ERS report projects food availability and access for 76 low- and middle-income countries over a 10-year period. The dataset includes annual country-level data on area, yield, production, nonfood use, trade, and consumption for grains and root and tuber crops (combined as R&T in the documentation tables), food aid, total value of imports and exports, gross domestic product, and population compiled from a variety of sources.

The International Macroeconomic Data Set provides historical and projected data for 189 countries that account for more than 99 percent of the world economy. These macroeconomic data and projections are assembled explicitly to serve as underlying assumptions for the annually updated USDA agricultural supply and demand projections, which provide a 10-year outlook on U.S. and global agriculture. The macroeconomic projections describe the long-term scenario that is used as a benchmark for analyzing the impacts of alternative scenarios and macroeconomic shocks. The projections assume there are no changes in policy and abstract from business cycle effects. Historical data are available for real (inflation-adjusted) gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, population, and real exchange rates from 1969 to the most recent available year, and each variable is projected forward to 2030.

Agriculture is a major user of ground and surface water in the United States, accounting for 80 percent of the Nation's consumptive water use and over 90 percent in many Western States. This ERS research program investigates water allocation, water conservation, and water management issues facing irrigated agriculture. The focus is on irrigated agriculture, but other sectors are examined for their competitive influence on water supplies and impacts of water reallocations among agricultural, environmental, and urban users. It includes consideration of the role of water markets, producer decisions, institutional adjustments (including Federal water infrastructure), and water-related policies with respect to resource costs, water quality, profitability, and environmental effects, as well as analysis of the adoption of water conserving technologies.

Nutritional Values For Common Foods And Products. Interchangeable pairs of aminoacids: Methionine + Cysteine, Phenylalanine + Tyrosine. Other daily values are based on 2000 calorie diet. Nutritional value of a cooked product is provided for the given weight of cooked food. Data from USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 28.

USDA Production, Supply and Distribution dataset contains current and historical official USDA data on production, supply and distribution of agricultural commodities for the United States and key producing and consuming countries.

The Quarterly Food-at-Home Price Database (QFAHPD) provides food price data to support research on the economic determinants of food consumption, diet quality, and health outcomes. There are two versions of the database. Version 1 of the Quarterly Food-at-Home Price Database (QFAHPD-1) contains prices for 52 food groups based on both UPC-coded and random-weight food purchases. Quarterly prices are available for: 26 metropolitan markets for 1999-2006, and 9 nonmetropolitan areas for 2002-2006 and 4 nonmetropolitan areas for 1999-2001 Version 2 of the Quarterly Food-at-Home Price Database (QFAHPD-2) contains prices for 54 food groups based on only UPC-coded food purchases. Quarterly prices are available for: 26 metropolitan and 9 nonmetropolitan markets for 2004-2010. As Homescan data become available for future years, plans are to expand the database. A redefined carbonated nonalcoholic beverage group, which now excludes diet versions of beverages. Two new food groups: 1) diet carbonated beverages, and 2) unsweetened coffee and tea. Dry weights for coffee and tea have been converted to liquid equivalents, assuming that 2 grams of dry tea leaves and 10 grams of dry coffee yield 180 ml of liquid beverage.

Data on Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly the Food Stamp Program) participation and costs. Nation-wide and state level program participation counts and recipiency rates; value of benefits issued and other costs.
The US Food Stamp/SNAP program administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service, is the largest food assistance program in the country, reaching more poor individuals over the course of a year than any other public assistance program. Unlike many other public assistance programs, SNAP has few categorical requirements for eligibility, such as the presence of children, elderly, or disabled individuals in a household. As a result, the program offers assistance to a large and diverse population of needy persons, many of whom are not eligible for other forms of assistance.
All data except population estimates originate from USDA Food & Nutrition Service. Sources & notes:For the national-wide totalsUSDA Food & Nutrition Service national level annual summariesare used. Totals for national level include all states, District of Columbia and island areas, excluding Puerto Rico. Totals for 1975-1982 including Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico initiated Food Stamp operations during FY 1975 and participated through June of FY 1982. A separate Nutrition Assistance Grant began in July 1982.State-level data for 2010-2014 from theUSDA Food & Nutrition Service national level annual summaries. For 2001-2009 - data from USDA SNAP State Activity reports. For the previous years - USDA data from the US Department of Health & Human Services "Welfare Indicators and Risk Factors" annual reports to Congress. Resident population counts are US Census Bureau’s latest estimates; for Guam and Virgin Islands -World Bank Population Estimates & Projections. Totals for United States resident populationDOES NOT include Puerto Rico & island areas. Recipiency rates expressed as percentages of total population have been correctly computed using corresponding summary population values

Commodity and market year for feed grains:
Market year for corn and sorghum:- September-August,
Market year for barley and oats:- June-May.
Coarse grains:- Includes oats, rye, millet, and mixed grains
Latest data maybe preliminary or projected.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for food is a component of the all-items CPI. The CPI measures the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a representative market basket of consumer goods and services. While the all-items CPI measures the price changes for all consumer goods and services, including food, the CPI for food measures the changes in the retail prices of food items only.

Note: The grain bid summary illustrates the market relationships for commodities. Positive and negative adjustments in differential between terminal and futures markets, and the relationship to inland market points, are indicators of changes in fundamental market supply and demand. The map may be used to monitor market and time differentials.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) for food measures changes in prices paid to domestic producers for their output. The PPI is similar to the CPI in that it measures price changes over time and is a natural extension of ERS's work with the CPI for food. ERS regularly updates farm and wholesale food price forecasts for the short-term period.

This product summarizes fertilizer consumption in the United States by plant nutrient and major fertilizer products—as well as consumption of mixed fertilizers, secondary nutrients, and micro nutrients—for 1960 through the latest year for which statistics are available. The share of planted crop acreage receiving fertilizer, and fertilizer applications per receiving acre (by nutrient), are presented for the major producing States for corn, cotton, soybeans, and wheat (data on nutrient consumption by crop start in 1964).

Errata: On October 2, 2018, incorrect milk cost and return data for the Southern Seaboard region were posted for 2017 in the ERS topic page Commodity Costs and Returns. On October 12, 2018, incorrect milk feed cost data for the Southern Seaboard region were posted for 2011-15 in the ERS topic page Commodity Costs and Returns. The U.S. average and other regional estimates were unaffected by these errors. The data have been revised and new files have been posted.
Cost and return estimates are reported for the United States and major production regions for corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton, grain sorghum, rice, peanuts, oats, barley, milk, hogs, and cow-calf. The history of commodity cost and return estimates for the U.S. and regions is divided into three categories: Current, Recent, and Historical estimates. Cost-of Production Forecasts are also available for major U.S. field crops. Also see Organic Costs and Returns for corn, milk, wheat, and soy.
Note: The most recent milk costs and returns are the first estimates developed from the 2016 Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) dairy data. The estimates replace those previously reported for 2016 and 2017 that were set by indexing the 2010 ARMS dairy data for annual price changes. In addition, revisions have been made to the purchased and homegrown feed cost estimates for 2011 through 2015. After reviewing the 2016 survey data, it appears likely that the method used to index the 2010 dairy feed costs did not provide the best reflection of how these costs moved during years between the 2010 and 2016 surveys. To address this issue, purchased feed cost estimates for 2011-15 were re-estimated by applying changes in the prices paid index for feed grains (published by the National Agricultural Statistics Service) to the 2010 survey data. Homegrown feed costs were re-estimated using changes in the prices paid index for hay and forages. Moving forward, these indexes will be used to set the milk feed costs using the 2016 ARMS data.

The data set covers Monthly and Annual milk COP estimates by State. Estimates since 2016 are based on the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) data from milk producers. Estimates from 2010 through 2015 are based on the 2010 and for 2005 through 2009 are based on the 2005 ARMS data from milk producers.

International baseline projections indicate supply, demand, and trade for major agricultural commodities for selected countries. These projections provide foreign country detail supporting the annual USDA agricultural baseline, which are long run, 10-year projections. Baseline in this dataset is year 2018.
For commodities: Barley, Corn, Cotton, Rice, Sorghum, Soybeans, Soybean meal, Soybean Oil and Wheat,
Data is based on local marketing years. Date 2027/28 is represented as 2027
World is sum of all countries and regions modeled. World imports for the first two years may differ somewhat from those in last November's USDA World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report in order to balance imports and exports. World imports do not equal exports in WASDE due to differences in marketing years, time lags between reported exports and imports, and reporting discrepancies in some countries.
For commodities: Beef, Pork, Poultry,
Data is based on calendar year.World is sum of all countries and regions modeled. World totals for the first three Years differ from those in last October's USDA Livestock and Poultry: World Markets and Trade report because some countries are included here that are not covered in USDA’s official database.

ERS organic price tables are based on Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) Market News and other data sources, and show monthly and annual prices over a period of years for major commodities. These tables are useful for examining price trends over time, as well as for comparing organic and conventional prices. The latest organic wholesale prices are always available on the AMS Market News website.

ERS organic price tables are based on Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) Market News and other data sources, and show monthly and annual prices over a period of years for major commodities. These tables are useful for examining price trends over time, as well as for comparing organic and conventional prices. The latest organic wholesale prices are always available on the AMS Market News website.

World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates Report (WASDE): World Supply and Use
Note 1:
The dataset considered the market year as follows
2016/17 actual year referred as 2017,
2017/18 Estimated year referred as 2018 and 2018 for Current Month
2018/19 Projection year referred as 2018 for Monthly and Annual
Note 2:
For Regions:-Central Asia, Afr. Fr. Zone, Australia,Thailand,Vietnam
For Crop:-Cotton
For Indicator:-Production and Imports Values are Less than 5,000 bales.