4 Executive Summary Gang Presence # Responses to the 2010 survey included 565 municipalities with only the city of Elizabeth declining to participate. # Gang presence in New Jersey remains widespread, having a presence in all 21 counties, including urban, suburban and rural areas. # More than four in ten (45%) municipalities were reported to have a gang presence in the 2010 survey. This is essentially unchanged from the 2007 survey when 43% of respondents reported the presence of street gangs. # Respondents identified 244 distinct gangs and 1,575 gang sets operating within the state. # There were 95 municipalities that reported the presence of gangs in the 2004, 2007 and 2010 gang surveys. There were 142 municipalities that reported the absence of gangs over the same time period. # In 2010, thirty municipalities that had answered all three surveys identified gangs in their jurisdiction for the first time. Nine municipalities that reported a gang presence in 2004 and 2007 reported that they were gang-free in # Seven gangs were reported in fifty or more New Jersey municipalities: Latin Kings (106 towns); Sex Money Murder Bloods (95 towns); Nine Trey Bloods (86 towns); Pagans Motorcycle Club (79 towns); G-Shine/G.K.B Bloods (73 towns); MS-13 (67 towns), and the Grape St. Crips (51 towns). # Almost three-quarters of the gangs identified in the 2004 Gang Survey were no longer mentioned as present in the 2010 Gang Survey. One-quarter of the gangs mentioned in the 2010 Gang Survey had not been mentioned in previous surveys. # Nine counties had a reported presence of 90 or more gangs: Essex (166), Monmouth (132), Middlesex (126), Ocean (114), Bergen (108), Camden (107), Burlington (101), Atlantic (97), and Union (95). # One-third of municipalities that reported the presence of gangs said gang activity had increased over the past 12 months. # Only 2% of responding municipalities were unsure if gangs were present in their jurisdictions. We believe this indicates that gang awareness programs, widely available throughout the state, have been effective. -1-

5 Gang Environment # Gangs in New Jersey are not embracing extreme political ideologies or cooperating with extremist organizations. # A relatively small number (15%) of respondents indicated that gangs in their jurisdiction were being controlled by incarcerated gang members. # Roughly half of all municipalities with gangs report their presence in schools. # Of the gangs identified in schools, the most commonly mentioned were the Bloods by 85% of respondents followed by the Crips (40%) and the Latin Kings (36%). # While gangs were reported to take part in a wide variety of crimes on school property, the most common gang activity was the display of gang clothing and signs. # Few gangs were reported to have an intent to target the general public, elected officials or law enforcement with violence. Gang Characteristics # While many gangs were identified by respondents, most have few members. More than half (58%) of all gangs were reported to have six or fewer members. # Conversely, 43 gangs were identified with more than 100 members. These gangs were spread out among 14 towns, six of which had multiple gangs of more than 100 members: Paterson (11), Newark (10), Trenton (5), Orange (4), Irvington (3) and Bridgeton (2). # While gangs are renowned for their criminal activity, majorities were not reported to be involved in violent crimes (54%), theft crimes (62%), drug crimes (51%), or other crimes (70%). # Seventy four gangs were identified to be involved in the retail, mid-level and wholesale distribution of marijuana, cocaine and heroin. # Gangs continue to be fractious entities and even those nominally belonging to the same set (i.e. Bloods, Crips, et al.) are likely to be in conflict with each other. # Of the 1,575 gang sets identified in the survey, 60% were associated with an umbrella organization. # The survey identified widespread information gaps regarding the organizational characteristics of gangs. The lack of such information makes it difficult to assess the cohesion, capabilities, structure and threat of gangs in many parts of the state. -2-

6 Introduction The 2010 Street Gang Survey marks the fourth gang survey conducted by the New Jersey State Police in the past nine years. The street gang survey has evolved throughout the years, with changes incorporated in both the development and implementation of the survey. Despite adjustments, the main purpose of the NJSP Street Gang Survey has remained the same: to provide law enforcement, policy makers and the general public with a better understanding of the state s gang environment. The development of the 2010 survey involved extensive planning and the incorporation of innovative tactics in an effort to enhance our understanding of the present environment in which gangs are operating in the state. To assist in this process, we reached out to other agencies for additional questions and topic areas to expand our exploration of the gang presence in New Jersey. In addition, this survey marks a new step in our efforts to provide the general public with information on the gang environment in their communities. In 2004 and 2007, these survey reports were released to the public and individual survey results were available through the Open Public Records Act. Then, in 2008, Princeton University agreed to host the underlying data from all our previous surveys (available at While the data format isn t ideally suited for use by the general public our intent has been to provide as much information as possible to the residents of New Jersey. In that vein, the New Jersey State Police is planning to partner with academia to create a public access website which will allow the survey data to be conveyed in a wide array of data visualization and presentation styles. This website will make the 2010 survey data more accessible to the residents of New Jersey and provide information that will raise awareness and understanding of the gang phenomenon. Raising awareness is one of the most important functions of the NJSP Street Gang Survey. This survey provides information that, it is hoped, will be used to guide law enforcement in their policing efforts as well as to influence policy makers and assist in the development of effective strategies for gang reduction. Therefore, it is important to provide law enforcement, policy makers and the public with current, accurate information, so that the policies used to address the gang problem will be understood, accepted and supported by all levels concerned. The 2010 Street Gang Survey used a definition of street gang based on that provided by the New Jersey Office of Attorney General: Street Gang An ongoing group or association of three or more persons who may have a common identifying sign, symbol or name, and who individually or collectively engage in a pattern of criminal activity or delinquent conduct. Pattern of criminal activity a reasonable suspicion by law enforcement that a member or associate of the gang committed on separate occasions within the preceding five years-- three or more criminal acts of the offense types enumerated below. The three criminal acts must involve, in total, at least two members or associates of the gang. -3-

7 Criminal Acts Aggravated Assault or Assault Aggravated Sexual Assault or Sexual Assault Arson Burglary Carjacking Extortion Kidnapping Robbery Homicide Drug Trafficking Findings from the 2010 survey demonstrate a number of consistencies with previous survey results. Gangs do not appear to have spread significantly throughout the state since our last survey, maintaining a presence in roughly the same number of municipalities as they did in Although the perception among the media and the general public remains that gangs are primarily present in urban areas and are becoming increasingly organized and violent, the current data does not necessarily support this claim. In the 2010 survey, it was once again demonstrated that gangs were present in both urban and suburban municipalities, were relatively small and that few gangs engaged in the dramatic and violent crime which most frequently brings them to the attention of the public. It may be tempting for some to look at some of the results in this survey and conclude that street gangs don t pose a significant threat to the general public. While it is true that a surprising number of gangs had little or no criminal activity attributed to them we think such conclusions would be ill-founded. Street gangs are, by both legal definition and through the implicit understanding of their members, networks that engage in criminal activity. It is inherent in their organization and ultimately what separates them from other organizations that just happen to have members who engage in criminal behavior. Additionally, gangs have a destructive influence upon their communities in ways that transcend criminal behavior by creating environments of fear and intimidation. While most municipalities are confident in their ability to determine if gangs are present in their jurisdiction, the survey has identified several information gaps about the specific characteristics of their gangs. The data seems to indicate that many respondents do not have the in-depth understanding of the organization or intent of street gangs in their municipality to make a determination of how sophisticated their operations may be, cohesive their members are or how serious of a threat they pose to their communities. This survey aimed to collect information relating to gang presence, characteristics and activities in the state of New Jersey for three different audiences: policy makers wishing to craft anti-gang policy, law enforcement agencies looking to develop anti-gang strategies, and members of the public who want a better understanding of their communities. In that regard, we believe the 2010 survey provides the most comprehensive picture of gangs in New Jersey available. This report is structured around three themes that were the focus of the 2010 New Jersey State Police Street Gang Survey: gang presence, the gang environment and gang characteristics. Gang presence not only identifies how gangs are distributed throughout the state but also where they are not, their density in terms of membership and the intensity of the problems they pose to law enforcement. We attempt to examine these issues over time by comparing the answers of this survey with previous versions, where applicable. -4-

8 Gang environment looks at the influence gangs have on the community around them. Gangs exploit captive populations (those unable to leave their environment) both as sources of recruits and as potential customers and victims. The survey, therefore, took a more detailed look at gang involvement among the two largest such populations in the state: prisoners and students. Reports over the past decade have raised the question of ideological radicalization of gang members either independently or through allies with extremist groups. For the first time, this survey attempts to address this question to identify if such a phenomenon exists in the state. Gang characteristics examine various components of gangs to identify not only what sorts of criminal activity they engage in but also to derive indicators of their cohesion, structure and threat to public safety. Gangs are often described alternately as either highly sophisticated criminal organizations or rag tag collections of petty criminals. Such evaluations tend to rely heavily on anecdotal evidence and sensationalized, unverifiable accounts. This survey attempts to capture the state of knowledge local law enforcement has about gangs in their jurisdiction. In addition to looking at all gangs reported by respondents collectively, this assessment includes a more detailed look at fourteen of the most prevalent gangs in the state in order to identify differences between them or how they deviate from the 'norm'. -5-

9 Methodology Survey Sample Since 2001, the New Jersey State Police Street Gang Survey has sought to measure the dimensions of the gang environment in the state by surveying a sample of full-time municipal police agencies. In 2004, more than ninety percent of New Jersey municipalities with a full-time police force responded to the survey. The 2007 survey set out to conduct a census of all 566 municipalities in New Jersey, and nearly achieved that goal by collecting responses from 562 municipalities. Survey responses for municipalities that do not maintain their own full-time police department were collected from the agency that provides law enforcement and public safety services to the municipality either the New Jersey State Police or another municipal police department that has contracted with the municipality in question. A similar approach was adopted for the 2010 survey, with the result that for the first time the Street Gang Survey succeeding in gathering responses concerning New Jersey street gangs for every municipality in the state. Survey Response Every New Jersey municipality with a full-time police force except one the city of Elizabeth provided a response to the 2010 Street Gang Survey. Information about the gang environment in Elizabeth was provided by the Union County Prosecutor s Office. Survey response concerning municipalities patrolled by the New Jersey State Police was provided by detectives assigned to the State Police Criminal Investigation Office with responsibility for that patrol area. Survey Design In addition to measuring the overall presence of street gangs statewide, the 2010 Street Gang Survey concentrated on collecting information regarding each specific gang with an identified presence in New Jersey. The 2010 survey focused special attention on the types of criminal activity attributed to these gangs by municipal law enforcement agencies. In general, the 2010 questionnaire closely resembled the survey instrument used in Only two questions asked in the 2007 version of the survey were omitted from the 2010 questionnaire: # a question about the occurrence of gang-motivated homicides (rather than gang-related homicides). # a question about the number of gang-related homicides occurring in the jurisdiction within the past 12 month. However, the 2010 survey also included several questions that had not previously been included in New Jersey State Police street gang surveys. These questions centered on aspects of the gang environment and gang criminality that had not been adequately addressed in prior statewide surveys: # questions about the organizational characteristics of gangs; such as dues, membership meetings, cooperation with other gangs, use of threats of violence to intimidate the public, etc. # a question about the specific names of gangs (if any) present in local schools. -6-

10 # questions about the impact of incarcerated gang members on the local gang environment, and on the influence or not of violent political ideologies on gang members. Survey Administration Data for the 2010 Street Gang Survey was collected primarily through in-person interviews with employees of municipal police departments who were identified by their agency as most knowledgeable about street gangs. An initial telephone contact to schedule an interview was followed by a visit to the municipal agency by a State Police trooper or detective. Agencies that stated in the initial telephone contact that their municipality did not have a gang presence did not always receive a follow-up in-person visit. The 2010 survey was administered as a password protected electronic, web-based questionnaire accessed via the Internet. The survey questionnaire was in the form of open-end, multiple-choice and closed-end questions for which the respondent selected one or more answers from a list of possible responses. Together, the interviewer and the municipal agency respondent reviewed each survey question and entered a response. This collection method was chosen in order to accelerate the data collection phase of the survey, but a combination of factors associated with on-line survey administration may have introduced sources of potential error into the survey process (see Limitations, below). Limitations Questionnaire limitations In order to expedite data collection for the 2010 Street Gang Survey, the State Police chose to employ an on-line survey instrument that recorded responses to the survey during the actual interview process. This web-based technology offered significant advantages in survey administration. The software used for the 2010 Street Gang Survey: # allowed secure, authenticated access to the survey questionnaire, ensuring that only authorized users would provide survey responses. # survey responses were collected almost instantaneously, while the interview was underway. # survey responses could not be altered by unauthorized users once the questionnaire was stored electronically. # computer system logs allowed administrators to track the progress of survey completion rates. However, this survey software also had its limitations: # the survey software did not have the ability to handle extended, multi-level logic chains (if this response to Question A, then ask Question B, otherwise ask Question C) which acted as a constraint in designing in-depth series of questions that might have better gathered detailed data about some aspects of gang characteristics. -7-

11 # the software did not provide a uniform, reliable facility for generating a printed copy of individual agency responses at the time of interview, so that physical copies of a completed questionnaire for municipal agency records occasionally had to be produced after the fact by staff at Division Headquarters. Interviewer limitations Limitations of the survey software were in some cases compounded by limitations related to the pool of State Police personnel that acted as survey interviewers. In order to accomplish the interview phase of the survey as quickly as possible, detectives and troopers from the Intelligence Section, Special Investigations Section and Field Operations Section were assigned to conduct interviews with municipal police agencies. Not all of these interviewers had prior experience in investigating street gang activity, a possible source of interviewer bias but also a potential reality check against any exaggeration by municipal survey respondents. These troopers and detectives also had varying degrees of familiarity with web-based computer technology that ranged from considerable expertise to limited experience with Internet applications. In some cases, difficulty in navigating the web-based survey interface led to data collection errors that required survey administrators to take corrective action. Perceptions of responding agencies The 2010 Street Gang Survey, like those that preceded it, is a survey that measures perceptions of the New Jersey gang environment at the municipal level. Individual perceptions can vary for many reasons. Responses are subjective, reflecting an individual survey respondent s perception based on his/her training and experience. An officer who has received gang awareness training may be more likely to report the presence of gangs in his or her jurisdiction if he or she is able to interpret gang indicia that other officers do not observe or notice. At the same time, individual officers may vary in the way that they interpret the definition of street gang, so that some criminal networks whose activities fit the official criteria may subjectively be deemed to be some other type of criminal group (but not a street gang) and thus excluded from consideration for inclusion in the survey. In other cases, the agency may acknowledge that gang members reside in their town, but because they commit no crimes in the jurisdiction they are said not to be present as a gang. In addition, the presence or perceived presence of gangs can have significant political, economic and social consequences for municipalities. At times, depending on the circumstances of a particular time and place, a political rationale may exist to either deny or exaggerate the presence of gangs. Every police chief in New Jersey was notified about the survey, either requesting their assistance in completing the questionnaire, or as a courtesy to advise them that their personnel would be interviewed at a later date. The responses that resulted may or may not represent the official position of a particular police department or municipal administration. -8-

12 Gang Presence A screening question about the presence or absence of street gangs has been a primary feature of 1 State Police street gang surveys since During the past decade, the proportion of New Jersey communities reporting the presence of gangs has served as one of several benchmarks by which law enforcement agencies in the state have evaluated their efforts to contain and deter gang crime. The 2010 Street Gang Survey once again used this screening question as the gateway to a more detailed questionnaire about various dimensions of the gang environment. In answering the 2010 survey, fewer than half of all respondents (45% or 254 municipalities) indicated the presence of gangs in their jurisdiction during the previous 12 months. This proportion remained virtually unchanged from the previous survey in 2007 (43%). Gangs were reported throughout the state and are present in each of New Jersey's 21 counties. The number of respondents unsure whether gangs were present in their jurisdiction remains low (2% of all respondents), possibly indicating that widespread availability of gang awareness training for law enforcement has been effective in allowing local police agencies to identify basic aspects of the gang threat in their communities. 1 The survey uses the street gang definition of the New Jersey Office of Attorney General, which encompasses criminal groups of 3 members or more (see Appendix B). However, these gang members need not all be present in a single location: a single gang member present in a particular municipality therefore constitutes a gang presence in that municipality. -9-

13 Survey results from 2010 and 2007 don't align particularly well with the 2004 survey response, but that may be due to any or all of four factors. First, the equivalent question in the 2004 survey asked about gangs active in the jurisdiction rather than those merely present as was the case in 2007 and 2010; second, an entire category of municipality (those patrolled by the New Jersey State Police) was not surveyed in 2004; third, the 2004 survey had higher rates of non-response than the 2007 or 2010 surveys, and finally, in 2004 a significantly larger proportion of respondents was not able to say whether or not gangs were present in their jurisdiction. The 2007 Street Gang Survey report presented a county-by-county analysis of gang presence; -10-

14 the 2010 response at the county level is not significantly different from these prior results. Changes in proportions of respondents reporting the presence of gangs between 2007 and 2010 were statistically insignificant at the county level. The graph above illustrates the fact that in certain southern New Jersey counties, reports of gang presence/absence gathered during the 2004 survey appear to differ considerably from the response in 2007 and 2010, but these are counties in which a significant proportion of municipalities were not surveyed in 2004, and conclusions about possible trends cannot be made with confidence. Ninety-five (95) municipalities consistently reported the presence of gangs in all three surveys from 2004 to 2010, and 142 municipalities consistently reported the absence of gangs. Perhaps not surprisingly, municipalities that consistently reported the presence of gangs had larger populations on average (35,284) than those that consistently reported no gangs in their jurisdiction (7,472). While just about 40% of all respondents were consistent in their responses over the past six years, there were some changes as well. In 30 municipalities (average pop. 9,817) that responded to all three surveys, the presence of gangs was reported for the first time in Conversely, nine municipalities (average pop. 19,370) that reported a gang presence in both 2004 and 2007 were gang free in

15 Presence of Specific Gangs Respondents in the 2010 survey were asked to identify which gangs had been present in their jurisdictions over the past 12 months. Their answers to this question are less straightforward than it might seem, particularly when discussing two of the largest gangs active in New Jersey: the Bloods and Crips. These gangs are composed of numerous sub-groups or sets which are nominally part of the larger whole, and theoretically adhere to a set of core beliefs and principles. Reality is much more complicated, and it is not uncommon for sets of the same gang to be in competition or even in conflict with each other. The ideal of a centralized gang command is rarely realized in practice, so that even being part of the same Bloods or Crips set is no guarantee of cooperative behavior. The fact that two gangs in distinct municipalities may share the same name should not be interpreted to mean that the two groups are linked, share the same goals or even know of each others existence. Outlaw motorcycle gangs are a possible exception to this generalization. In an effort to test the proposition that all members of the Bloods and Crips are part of coherent organizations and involved in similar criminal activity, the 2010 Street Gang Survey treated gang sets as distinct groups when asking respondents to identify all the gangs active within their jurisdiction. Respondents were provided with a list of gangs and gang sets believed on the basis of prior New Jersey street gang surveys and discussions with gang investigators to be those most frequently encountered in the state. Respondents were given the opportunity to enter in the names and details of other gangs which weren't on these extensive lists. Municipal police agencies and State Police detectives identified 244 distinct gangs operating in their jurisdictions. As noted above, for the purposes of the 2010 survey sets of gangs that may be affiliated with larger umbrella organizations were considered to be independent of each other. For example, while MOB Piru and the Brick City Brims are both considered sets of the Bloods street gang, each was recorded as a separate gang. Where a particular gang set was reported in two municipalities, the survey tallied these reports as two instances of a distinct gang. Prior investigations by the New Jersey State Police and other agencies have identified the presence of a wider variety of criminal networks that meet the definition of street gangs than are reported in this survey. Criminal networks with identities and members tied to nations or regions in Europe, Asia and Africa have been common in New Jersey and the surrounding area for decades, and the lack of any mention in the 2010 Street Gang Survey is worthy of note. Those -12-

16 gangs with an international dimension that were identified in the survey are almost exclusively composed of members from the Latin American and Caribbean regions. It is unclear whether this reflects a perception among respondents that criminal organizations originating in other regions should not be considered street gangs; if these other criminal networks no longer are present in the state; or if they recently have been successful in avoiding the notice of law enforcement. Some areas of New Jersey are more diversely populated with gang presence than others. Ten counties reportedly have a greater variety of gangs than the state s 75-gangs-per-county average; these are New Jersey s easternmost counties from Bergen County in the north to Atlantic County in the south, together with Burlington and Camden counties in the Delaware Valley. County # of Gangs % of all gangs Atlantic 97 6% Bergen 108 7% Burlington 101 6% Camden 107 7% Cape May 41 3% Cumberland 55 3% Essex % Gloucester 66 4% Hudson 79 5% Hunterdon 6 0% Mercer 56 4% Middlesex 126 8% Monmouth 132 8% Morris 54 3% Ocean 114 7% Passaic 52 3% Salem 14 1% Somerset 60 4% Sussex 16 1% Union 95 6% Warren 30 2% On average, each of New Jersey s 244 distinct gangs was present in six municipalities across the state. However, more than half of the state s distinct gangs (142) were identified as present in only one municipality. Forty-seven gangs were more prevalent than the average, being reported in seven towns or more. Of those 47 gangs, almost half (22) were sets of the Bloods and nine were sets of the Crips. The table on the following page lists those gangs with a presence in ten percent or more of New Jersey municipalities. -13-

17 % of all gangs identified % of towns reporting a gang presence Gang Name # of towns Latin Kings 106 7% 42% Bloods/ Sex Money Murder (252) 95 6% 37% Bloods/ 9-3 (Nine Trey) 86 5% 34% Pagans MC 79 5% 31% MS % 26% Bloods/ G-Shine (aka GKB)* 59 4% 23% Bloods/ Gangster Killer Bloods (GKB)* 26 2% 10% Crips/ Grape St. 51 3% 20% Ñeta 37 2% 15% Bloods/ MOB Piru 36 2% 14% Bloods/ Fruit Town Brims 32 2% 13% Sureño % 12% Five Percenters 30 2% 12% Hells Angels MC 30 2% 12% Bloods/ unknown set 29 2% 11% Crips/ 5 Deuce Hoover 27 2% 11% * see page 67 for a discussion of G-Shine/GKB 2010 v and 2004 Comparing 2010 data about the presence and absence of specific gangs to similar data from prior State Police gang surveys can be a hit-or-miss proposition. The 2010 Street Gang Survey, for the first time, was able to systematically collect detailed information about obscure, isolated gangs as well as those criminal groups that are more widely present and well-known. In contrast, the 2007 Street Gang Survey was restricted by technical limitations to collecting 2 information about the state s fourteen most prevalent gangs, and data from the 2004 survey was affected by the survey s smaller sample size as well as a significant level of non-response from municipal agencies. The practical result of these limitations is that 2010 data concerning presence of New Jersey s top fourteen gangs can be compared to both 2007 and 2004, but information about other gangs mentioned in 2010 can only be compared with data from the 2004 Gang Survey. In this context, the most striking feature of the 2010 street gang presence data is the tremendous change in the presence of specific gang names that has occurred in just six years. Of the one hundred forty-eight distinctly named gangs that were identified in the 2004 Gang Survey, almost three-quarters (73%, or 108 gangs) were not mentioned at all in the 2010 survey. On the other hand, at least sixty-four of the two hundred forty-four distinctly named gangs identified in the 2010 Gang Survey are gangs that have not previously been mentioned in State Police gang surveys. This constitutes fully one-quarter (26%) of the distinct gang names identified by 2010 survey respondents. In most cases, these newly-mentioned gangs are present in only one or two 2 In the 2007 Street Gang Survey, these gangs were: the Bloods; Breed MC; the Crips; Dominicans Don t Play; Eighteenth Street Gang; Five Percenters; La Mugre; Latin Kings; Hells Angels MC; MS-13; Pagans MC; Neta; Vatos Locos; and Warlocks MC. -14-

18 municipalities in the state, but it remains an open question whether this is indicative of old gang members forming new gangs or an indication of emerging gang presence. -15-

19 Gang Activity In addition to asking whether gangs had been present in respondents' jurisdictions, the 2010 survey also asked about year-over-year changes in gang activity during the previous 12 months: had gang activity increased, decreased, or stayed the same? One third (33%) of respondents indicated that gang activity had increased, while almost half (47%) reported no change over the previous year. Slightly more than one in ten (13%) of municipalities reported a decrease in gang activity over the same time period. -16-

20 When comparing the 2010 answers to this question with those of prior surveys, striking differences with 2004 and 2007 responses become apparent. The proportion of 2010 municipalities reporting increased gang activity dropped dramatically compared with levels recorded in both previous surveys; 40% lower than the number of municipalities reporting increased gang activity in the 2007 survey. At the same time, the number of municipalities reporting either no change or a decrease in gang activity increased significantly. In the past 12 months, did street gang activity in your jurisdiction Increase 76 54% % 85 33% Decrease 7 5% 8 3% 33 13% Stay the same 45 32% 71 29% % Don't Know 12 9% 23 9% 17 7% Total When responses are analyzed by county, the overall trend is similar but not uniform. In 2010, only four of the state's 21 counties had a greater number of municipalities than in 2007 assert that gang activity had increased. In five other counties, the 2010 survey marked a second consecutive decline since the 2004 survey in the number of municipalities reporting increased year-over-year gang activity. Taken together, this data appears to support the assessment that New Jersey s gang environment as measured by the perceptions of municipal law enforcement agencies in the state can best be described as mature and more-or-less at equilibrium. In addition, while reports of gang presence and activity may continue to wax and wane at the municipal level, the data seems to indicate that opportunities to increase baseline awareness of gang presence among municipal police agencies may have reached a point of diminishing returns. However, as subsequent analysis in this report will suggest, municipal response to the 2010 Street Gang Survey may point to a need for other approaches to gang awareness training. -17-

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