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Currently, the notebook does not syntax highlighting for the input cells; however, it does include CodeMirror which is used to do syntax highlighting for "data files" in the notebook. This was added at #7501. With a little bit of hacking, it'd be possible to add this support to input cells. It would basically involve adding a bit of Javascript code at the end of each cell. The main reason why this hasn't been done yet is due to performance reasons.