Clinical Reasoning- Introduces the clinician or clinical student to the foundations of critical thinking (primarily focusing on the analysis and assessment of thought), and offers examples of their application to the field.

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The Thinker’s Guide to Clinical Reasoning

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Additional Information About: Clinical Reasoning

Clinical reasoning can be defined as thinking through the various aspects of patientcare to arrive at a reasonable decision regarding the prevention, diagnosis, ortreatment of a clinical problem in a specific patient. Patient care includes historytaking, conducting a physical exam, ordering laboratory tests and diagnosticprocedures, designing safe and effective treatment regimens or preventive strategies,and providing patient education and counseling.

Obviously, the clinician should be well grounded in biomedical and clinicalsciences and skillful at gathering clinical data from a patient before engaging inthe process of clinical reasoning. This guide does not address the knowledge andskills required to competently gather and interpret clinical data. Rather, the guide isintended to help clinicians take the next step, which is determining the best courseof action to take based on what is known or what can reasonably be hypothesized fromclinical data. So, it isn’t enough to have a strong background in biomedical sciencesor to possess excellent clinical knowledge, nor to know how to conduct a history andphysical exam on a patient, or even to know how to formulate a differential diagnosisgiven the signs, symptoms, and test results of a patient.

n addition to all of this, there is still a need to think critically about all theimportant information pertaining to a particular case and to formulate or synthesizea rational plan of action. In short, clinical reasoning requires critical thinking skills,abilities and traits which are often not taught in schools and colleges for the healthprofessions.

This guide focuses on a framework for critical thinking relevant to all domains ofhuman thought and is specifically focused on clinical reasoning. The suggestions andconclusions herein are consistent with the suggestions and conclusions found in theworks of prominent thinkers in the clinical fields.