Terrain: Flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising
to mountains in the south. The Kara Kum desert comprises 80 percent of Turkmenistan's total area and is bound by a series
of oases watered by the Amu Darya River in the north and by the Murgab, Tejen, and Artek rivers descending from mountains
in the south. The Kara Kum Canal supplies water from the Amu Darya, west towards the Mary Oasis and onwards to Ashgabat.

Mountains:
Kopetdag (highest point 2919 meters or 10,508 feet) located along the Iranian border in the south; Bolshoi (1880 meters or
6768 feet) and Maley Balkan (777 meters or 2797 feet) are located to the north-west of Kopetdag; Koitendag Peak (3137 meters
or 11,293 feet) is located in the east on the border with Uzbekistan; Garabil and Badkhyz peaks are located in the south-east
(slightly under 1000 meters or 3.600 feet in height)

Climate: Subtropical desert

Official
Language: Turkmen. Russian is also widely spoken.

Religion: Sunni Muslim

Legal
System: Based on civil law system

National Legislature: The Khalk Maslakhaty (People's Council)
is the ultimate representative body, which meets once a year. The Mejlis (National Assembly) is the main legislature.