Caption: CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing complex, illustration. The CRISPR-Cas9 protein (green) is used in genome engineering to cut DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, pink). It uses a guide RNA (ribonucleic acid, orange) sequence to cut DNA at a complementary site. CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspersed Palindromic Repeats) is a bacterial adaptive immunity system. DNA is the genetic material that controls the growth and development of all living organisms.