The aim of this study was to evaluate milk hygienic quality and to determine a relationship between season of year and raw milk quality indices. The experiment was carried out on 38 samples of milk collected from 80 high–production cows managed in a leading cattle breeding centre in south–west Poland. The analysis comprised total bacteria count, somatic cell count in 1 cm3 of milk, chemical composition assay, i.e. fat and protein content, freezing point determination and test for inhibitory substances. The quality of milk was evaluated instrumentally, and the analysis for inhibitory substances was done using Delwotest assay. Both chemical composition and hygienic quality were within the standard set for the Extra class of raw milk. The season of year significantly influenced the chemical composition of milk and somatic cell count, however, it has no effect on freezing point or total bacteria count. Phenotypic correlations (at p < 0.01) between the season of year

The concentration levels of the following metals: Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn, Fe and Ni in falling dusts, soil and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Webb.) were examined in selected areas of Southern Podlasie Lowland. The research was conducted from 1995 to 1999. The metals were marked by means of the AAS technique. The deposition of Cd and Pb metals did not exceed the values standardized in the Polish legislation, and the mean metal concentration in the soil was the same as the natural content. The mean metal concentration in dandelion leaves and root was within the values accepted as background in professional literature. It was proved that in agricultural lands that were not excessively loaded with heavy metals, the metal level in the root of the plant is of higher significance than in the leaves when using dandelion for bio-indicatory purposes.

The purpose of study was to compare the 24h physical activity and nutritive value of diets (NVD) in lacto-ovovegetarian (LOV) and nonvegetarian women. The study was conducted on a group of 24 LOV women (BMI: 21.2 kg/m2 ± 2.5) at the age of 25 ± 6.3 years and on a group of 30 women of the control group (CG) at the age of 23 (±2) years who consumed a mixed diet (BMI:20.7 kg/m2 ± 2.8). Physical activity was assessed by the non-invasive method of 24h monitoring of heart rate. The evaluation of the NVD was conducted in all subjects by 24-hour dietary recall. The analysis of body composition was carried out by bioelectrical impedance technique. The 24h distribution of time devoted to various types of activity demonstrated no statistically significant differences between groups in regard to the amount of time used for sleep and low physical activity. Vegetarians compared with nonvegetarians (CG) devoted significantly less time to physical activity of moderate intensi

The research investigated 56 adult individuals of racoon dog, including 27 males and 29 females. The research of the selected features of same parts of the alimentary canal and liver inracoon dog allowed to define absolutelength and capacity of intestine as a wholeas well as of its respective sections, as well as the capacity of stomach and the liver weight. The parameters of relative length of intestine at its respective sections calculated against the body length as well as the relative capacity of the intestine and stomach calculated against the body weight of animals show similar values and there were observed no significant differences between them, which means that the proportions of the length and capacity in both sexes are similar, while the differences in absolute parameters result from animal body size differences. The present research shows the racoon dog intestine’s metrical features point to some adaptation to the intake of considerable amounts of plant feed.

The research investigated the seeds of ‘Bardo’ traditional cultivar, and ‘R-141’ self-completing white lupin cultivar. Over 1996-1998, once the seeds reached their physiological maturity, the plants were treated with Harvade 250 SC (dimetiphine), Ethrel (etephon), plant growth regulators and Reglone (diquat), a desiccant. Seeds harvested from plants whose sowing material was vernalised and two-stage harvest seeds constituted objects 4 and 5. The seeds collected each year were divided into two categories based on a visual ‘healthy and infected’ selection. The share of the latter group in the seed yield of both two-stage harvested cultivars was highest, while having applied Ethrel (‘Bardo) and Harvade ‘(R-141’) as well as following seed vernalisation (both cultivars), the share turned out lower. ‘R-141’ self-completing yield included significantly fewer seeds with fungal infection symptoms than the ‘Bardo’ traditional cultivar. ‘Healthy and infested’ seeds of each combination we

The effect of wheat grain preparing to milling, and milling process on grain and flour bacteria, mould and yeast number was evaluated. It was found, that however grain preparing to milling mostly reduce total microbiological contamination, tempering of grain increase number of yeast and mould spores on surface of kernels. It influences the number of such microorganisms in the patent flour.

The present field experiment and lab investigations analysed the effect of nitrogen fertilisation at the rates of 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg·ha-1 on the technological root value of the following cultivars ‘Action’, ‘Amelia’, ‘Atair’, ‘Cordelia’, ‘Dojana’, ‘Evita’, ‘Fontana’, ‘Gala’, ‘Hanna’, ‘Jupiter’, ‘Nilla’, ‘PN Mono 4’ ‘Sofie’ and ‘Sonja’. 80 and 160 kg·ha-1 of N resulted in a significant increase in the single root weight, root yield and the biological sugar yield. Technological sugar yield justified only the application of 80 kg·ha-1 of N. The increase in the technological sugar yield at 160 kg·ha-1 of N was insignificant, while an increase in N rate up to 240 kg·ha-1 made the yield correspond to that obtained for 80 kg·ha-1 of N. With rates increasing by further 80 kg·ha-1 of N, there were observed increases in the contents of alpha-amino N, sodium and potassium and decreased content of sucrose. The quality of ro

Quantity and quality of fat in every day diet influence human health. Recently particular attention is payed to trans fatty acids composition in ingested food. Modern, no time consuming, convenient food is widely used now. Seventeen chosen products like dry soups or sauces mixes from the market in Poland were analysed to estimate fat concentration and fatty acids composition including trans fatty acids. The products contained different amount of fat, from about 3g/100g to 24g/100g of product. The fat concentration as well as fatty acids composition varied dependently on the kind of product and producer too. The dominated group of fatty acids in all analysed samples were saturated fatty acids (up to 50%). Monounsaturated fatty acids occured in the range from 15 to 40%, while polyansaturated from 2 to 6%. Four trans fatty acids were identified: 18:1, 6-trans, 18:1, 9-trans, 18:1, 12-trans, and 18:2, cis-9, trans-12. Only 18:1, 9-trans.