Beschrijving:On May 12, 2010 the Airbus A330-202 passenger plane, operated by Afriqiyah Airways as flight 771, left Johannesburg-O.R. Tambo International Airport (JNB), South Africa on an international passenger flight to Tripoli. There were 11 crew members and 93 passengers on board. The co-pilot was pilot flying.The en route part of the flight was uneventful. The captain contacted the Tripoli ACC controller at 05:29 local time and received clearance direct to Tripoli for a TW locator approach to runway 09. Weather was reported as: wind calm, visibility 6 km, clear sky, temperature/dew point 19/17°C, QNH 1008. After receiving further descent clearances, the crew contacted the Tripoli Tower controller at 05:58. Tripoli Tower notified the aircraft to continue the approach and to report runway in sight.

The flight then received information from a flight that had landed ahead of them, informing the accident crew about fog patches noticed during short final.At 06:00 the flight passed the TW locator beacon at an altitude of 1000 feet, 200 ft below the prescribed altitude. The captain then informed ATC that he would report when runway in sight. The approach was continued below the Minimum Descent Altitude of 620 feet but the crew still did not have the runway in sight. At an altitude of 280 feet the GPWS sounded ('too low terrain'). The captain then instructed the co-pilot to execute a go-around, after which he informed the Tower controller. The aircraft began to climb, reaching an altitude of 450 feet above ground level. The Airbus then nosed down, causing the captain to take priority over the flight controls by pushing on priority button and the aircraft was fully under the captain's control who applied a sharp nose down input. The captain did not verbally state that he was taking control. He applied a pitch-up and a pitch-down input on his stick until the airplane impacted the ground.

PROBABLE CAUSE:A final approach carried out in common managed guidance mode should have relieved the crew of their tasks. The limited coordination and cooperation between the two crew members, especially the change into vertical selected guidance mode by the PF, probably led to a lack of a common action plan.The lack of feedback from the 28 April 2010 flight, flown by the same crew on the same aircraft, did not allow them to anticipate the potential risks associated with managing non-precision approaches.The pilots' performance was likely impaired because of fatigue, but the extent of their impairment and the degree to which it contributed to the performance deficiencies that occurred during the flight cannot be conclusively determined.During the go-around, the crew was surprised not to acquire visual references. On one hand the crew feared exceeding the aircraft’s speed limits in relation to its configuration, and on the other hand they were feeling the effects of somatogravic illusion due to the aircraft acceleration. This probably explains the aircraft handling inputs, mainly nose-down inputs, applied during the go-around. These inputs were not consistent with what is expected in this flight phase. The degraded CRM did not make it possible for either crew member to identify and recover from the situation before the collision with the ground, even when the TAWS warnings were activated close to the ground.Based on elements from the investigation, the accident resulted from:- The lack of common action plan during the approach and a final approach continued below the MDA, without ground visual reference acquired.- The inappropriate application of flight control inputs during a go- around and on the activation of TAWS warnings,- The lack of monitoring and controlling of the flight path.

These events can be explained by the following factors:- Limited CRM on approach that degraded during the missed approach. This degradation was probably amplified by numerous radio-communications during the final approach and the crew’s state of fatigue,- Aircraft control inputs typical in the occurrence of somatogravic perceptual illusions,- Inappropriate systematic analysis of flight data and feedback mechanism within the AFRIQIYAH Airways.- Non adherence to the company operation manual, SOP and standard terminology.

In addition, the investigation committee found the following as contributing factors to the accident:- Weather available to the crew did not reflect the actual weather situation in the final approach segment at Tripoli International Airport.- In adequacy of training received by the crew.- Occupancy of tower frequency by both air and ground movements control.

All Flight Crews are required to comply with company operations manual in regard to reportable events despite of the Crew member position.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To: Airbus

5A-ONG (10)

Airbus has to review its training courses syllabus emphasising on go around, emergency procedures and taking into account low visibility and somatogravic illusion.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To: CAA Libya

5A-ONG (11)

Civil Aviation Authority of Libya should develop a system for the supervision and control of medical examiners, including action to be taken in the event that sufficient evidence exists to demonstrate that a medical examiner has not performed his or her duties in accordance with the prescribed procedures.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To:

5A-ONG (12)

Flight Crew must immediately after landing report to ATC occurrences such as go around, and to the Company safety division before next flight. Also ATC staff are encouraged to report such event in due time.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To: Tripoli ATC

5A-ONG (13)

ATC should report any abnormal occurrences associated with the operation of Aircrafts to the concerned entities within the Civil Aviation Authority.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To:

5A-ONG (14)

Entities conducting audits on AFRIQIYAH Airways (including company quality system, LYCAA, and IOSA) should pay more attention to areas related to safety, operation, and flight analysis during their audits.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To: Afriqiyah Airways

5A-ONG (15)

AFRIQIYAH Airways should make available and use of a clear crew rest programme for augmented crew in long haul flights.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To: Afriqiyah Airways

5A-ONG (16)

AFRIQIYAH Airways should make sure that somatogravic illusion phenomena is covered in pilot recurrent trainings.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To: Afriqiyah Airways

5A-ONG (17)

AFRIQIYAH airways should make a regular follow up and control on pilot performance emphasising on Crew CRM (make use of LOSA) and in particular to review the CRM training in order to minimize the gap between the CRM as prescribed in the manuals and how it is practiced during scheduled flights.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To: Tripoli ATC

5A-ONG (18)

ATC Tower should consider downgrading of the airport fire category whenever the fire brigades or part of are engaged with an airport emergency.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To: National Safety Board

5A-ONG (19)

National Safety Board should properly train the rescue team to indicate and label the injured and victims in the crash site.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To:

5A-ONG (2)

Flight Crews should strictly adhere to company SOPs.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To: ICAO

5A-ONG (20)

ICAO should review the requirement and the principles of the ELT.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To: National Meteorological Centre

5A-ONG (21)

The National Meteorological Centre should upgrade weather services at Tripoli International Airport as well as meteorological warnings have to be issued in due time in case of significant weather change.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To:

5A-ONG (3)

Airlines have to comply with the current regulation related to flight analysis programme and to create an environment of safety awareness.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To:

5A-ONG (4)

Aircraft maintenance personnel must not perform any maintenance work if it is not covered by the manufacturer’s documents and subsequently consultation with the manufacture is recommended.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To:

5A-ONG (5)

Air traffic control personnel have to comply with the national and international standard in performing their duties as well as to stick with the standard phraseology used in the field.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To:

5A-ONG (6)

Air traffic control personnel have to take much care about runway selection taking in consideration wind speed, direction and runway facilities as main factor.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To: CAA Libya

5A-ONG (7)

Air Navigation Department within Civil Aviation Authority of Libya should distinguish the ground and the air as will as approach and area movements communication knowing that facilities are available.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To:

5A-ONG (8)

Airports Authority should upgrade Runway 09 in Tripoli International Airport to be equipped with precision approach facilities.

Issued: 28-FEB-2013

To: CAA Libya

5A-ONG (9)

Civil Aviation Authority of Libya and National Safety Board should make available and use of radio communications facilities between airports tower and fire fighting trucks.