FBX had a modest systolic BP lowering effect in T1D patients (112±10 to 109±9 mmHg, p=0.049), without impacting arterial stiffness, FMD, GMD or NO. FBX enhanced the filtration fraction response to hyperglycemia in T1D patients, through larger increases in RE, PGLO and interleukin-18, but without impacting the RAAS.

FBX lowered systolic BP and modulated the renal RE responses to hyperglycemia, but without impacting the RAAS or NO, suggesting that PUA may augment other hemodynamic or inflammatory mechanisms that control the renal response to hyperglycemia at the efferent arteriole. Ongoing outcome trials will determine cardiorenal outcomes of PUA lowering in patients with T1D.