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There is no "Win64" API. There are just 32-bit Win32 apps and 64-bit Win32 apps, and the only difference is a compiler/linker option which compiler/linker are used (different directory).

The Win32 templates work just fine for 64-bit development.

While (much) earlier versions of Visual C++ shipped with a private copy of SDK headers, VS2010 installs a version of the Windows SDK and uses an environment variable to find SDK headers during build. So installing a new SDK, as long as it updates your environment variables, is automatically found by Visual C++ projects at build-time. (With the old Visual C++ versions, the SDK installer was supposed to edit the tool paths in the Visual Studio section of the registry, which could occasionally fail)