Transcript of "The Internet"

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When you are looking for something try and be specific about what you want Example: history of bata shoe museum

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Include and/or Exclude(+ or -) Example: You want to search for Atlantis, the purported lost continent, and you want to eliminate all pages about Atlantis, the space shuttle Then type in the search box +Atlantis Note there is no space between the two To be more specific +Atlantis -Shuttle No space between the two words No space between the two words Space between the two words

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<ul><li>The * Wildcard stands for any letter(s). </li></ul><ul><li>The wildcard is also used for identifying other variations. </li></ul><ul><li>In general, never search for a plural of a word. Use wildcard and get both the singular and the plural form. </li></ul><ul><li>Example: If I type mushrooms*, I will miss all the pages with the singular form of mushroom, but if I type +mushroom* I will get both the singular and the plural forms. </li></ul>

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<ul><li>When you type a number of words into the search site it will search for each of these words throughout the websites. </li></ul><ul><li>So, to get a correct result type the phrase or words in “quotation marks” </li></ul><ul><li>Example: if I have to search for San Diego I will type it as “San Diego” </li></ul>

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<ul><li>Few of these specialized search sites are </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Google Maps </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Google Images </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Canada 411 to find the phone number and address </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Yahoo! Kids </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Canoe for Canadian news </li></ul></ul>

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What are Meta Search Engines? and How do Meta Search Engines Work?

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In Meta Search engines, you submit key words in the search box, and it will transmit your search simultaneously to several individual search engines. Search Box Search Engine Search Engine Search Engine Search Engine Search Engine Meta Search engines do not have their own data base of web pages.

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Examples of Meta Search Engine <ul><li>Clusty: Web site clusty.com </li></ul><ul><li>What does it search: It searches a number of free directories, and search engines but does not use Google or Yahoo. </li></ul>

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What is the limitations of using Meta Search Engines? <ul><li>Meta search engines tend to return results from smaller and/or free search engines and miscellaneous free directories , often small and highly commercial. </li></ul><ul><li>But, Dogpile is an exception. </li></ul>http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/MetaSearch.html

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Some Meta Search Engines use a unique service that accepts natural language queries and generates a list of related questions and matching Web sites where the answers might be found like http://www.AskJeeves.com Meta Search Engine

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<ul><li>Boolean searches allow you to combine words and phrases using the words And, Or, Not, and Near (these words are also known as Boolean operators). </li></ul><ul><li>These operators are used to limit, define, or widen your search. </li></ul><ul><li>Some Boolean Search operators are : </li></ul><ul><ul><li>AND = “+” </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>NOT = “-” </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>OR = is a default setting on most of the search engines </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>NEAR = by putting search queries into “” quotation marks. </li></ul></ul>

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<ul><li>What is the Internet? </li></ul><ul><ul><li>The Internet is a global network made up of millions of interconnected computers that exchange and access stored information which is accessible from any computer connected to the Internet. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>The Internet works because every computer connected to it uses the same set of rules and procedures (known as protocols) to control timing and data format. Information is stored or transmitted digitally, which includes text, video and audio formats. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>The Internet is interactive, which means that the information you receive is a result of the selections you make. </li></ul></ul>

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When & Why was the Internet developed? <ul><ul><li>The Internet began in 1970 as a collection of government networks called ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>The Defense Department was experimenting with networks and ways to keep its system up and running in the case of an emergency. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>ARPA net was a global, fail-safe computer network designed to operate, even if one or more of its communication links became inoperative. </li></ul></ul>

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Who governs the Internet? <ul><ul><li>There is no single authority figure on the Internet. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Anyone can post information on the Internet. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>There are no rules as to accuracy or reliability of the information. This means that you must discriminate, read carefully, and check your sources. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>However, there is an organization that governs/tracks the www address names. </li></ul></ul>

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What is the World Wide Web? A method that integrates cross-references, figures and footnotes into on-line hypertext documents, in which a reader can click on a word or phrase in a document and immediately jump to another location within that same document or to another file.

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When was the World Wide Web developed? <ul><ul><li>The World Wide Web (WWW), also just called the Web, came into existence in the1980’s, when Tim Berners-Lee, a consultant for CERN in Europe, wrote a program that allowed special links between arbitrary computers on the Internet. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>With the new program, data could be transmitted and received over the Internet in the form of text, graphics, and sounds from locations called sites. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>In 1993, Mosaic, a point-and-click graphical Web browser, made accessibility easy for the general public. </li></ul></ul>

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Anatomy an URL Most URL (Universal Resource Locators) uses http (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) to control timing and data transfer format. The following is the standard protocol used to send Web pages across the Net: http://www.tdsb.on.ca/instruction/busstud.html access method/protocol computer location directory name of file type of file host/domain name

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Why Evaluate What You Find On the Web? <ul><li>Any one can post anything on their web page </li></ul><ul><li>Many pages are not updated </li></ul><ul><li>No quality control </li></ul><ul><ul><li>most sites are not “peer- reviewed” </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>less trustworthy than scholarly information </li></ul></ul>

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Five Criteria for Evaluating Web Pages <ul><li>Accuracy of the Web Document </li></ul><ul><li>Authority of the Web Document </li></ul><ul><li>Objectivity of the Web Document </li></ul><ul><li>Currency of the Web Document </li></ul><ul><li>Coverage of the Web Document </li></ul>

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Accuracy Evaluation of a Web Document How to Interpret the Basics <ul><li>Who wrote the web page? </li></ul><ul><li>What is the purpose of the document and why was it produced? </li></ul><ul><li>Is this person qualified to write this document? </li></ul><ul><li>Make sure the author provides e-mail or a contact address /phone number </li></ul><ul><li>Know the distinction between an author and a webmaster </li></ul>

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Authority Evaluation of a Web Document How to Interpret the Basics <ul><li>Who published the document? </li></ul><ul><li>Check the Domain of the document, what institution publishes this document? </li></ul><ul><li>Does the publisher list his/ her qualification? </li></ul><ul><li>What credentials are listed for the authors? </li></ul><ul><li>Where is the document published? </li></ul>

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Objectivity Evaluation of a Web Document How to Interpret the Basics <ul><li>What goals or objectives this page meets? </li></ul><ul><li>How detailed is the information? </li></ul><ul><li>What opinions (if any ) are expressed by the author? </li></ul><ul><li>Determine if page is a mask for advertising; if so information must be biased. </li></ul><ul><li>View any Web page as you would an infomercial on television. </li></ul><ul><li>Ask yourself why was it written and for whom? </li></ul>

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Currency Evaluation of a Web Document How to Interpret the Basics <ul><li>When was it produced? </li></ul><ul><li>When was it updated? </li></ul><ul><li>How up-to-date are the links (if any)? </li></ul><ul><li>How many dead links are on the web page? </li></ul><ul><li>Are the links current or updated regularly </li></ul><ul><li>Is the information on the page updated? </li></ul>

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Coverage Evaluation of a Web Document How to Interpret the Basics <ul><li>Are the links (if any) evaluated and do they complete the documents’ theme? </li></ul><ul><li>Is it all images or a balance of text and images? </li></ul><ul><li>Is the information presented cited correctly? </li></ul><ul><li>If the page requires special software to view the information, how much are you missing if you don’t have the software </li></ul><ul><li>Is it free or is there a fee, to obtain the information? </li></ul><ul><li>Is there any opinion for text only, or frames, or a suggested browser for better viewing? </li></ul>

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How Do You Cite or Document Sources Properly? <ul><li>Documenting or citing sources of information involves 2 parts: </li></ul><ul><li>In-text citations - brief references within the text of the paper </li></ul><ul><li>A complete list of references at the end of the paper </li></ul>