Witelo, Latin Vitello (born 1220, Silesia—died after 1278) Polish natural scientist and philosopher, best known for his Perspectiva (c. 1274). He studied arts at Paris and canon law at Padua and spent some time at the papal court in Viterbo.

One of the first analyses of space perception, the Perspectiva was incorporated into Opticae thesaurus (1572; “Thesaurus of Optics”), the principal textbook on this subject in the West until the 17th century. Witelo also did original work in the physics of light refraction. In philosophy he upheld the Neoplatonic metaphysics of light that viewed material reality as reflections of a primordial form radiating light identical with God.

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process through which humans and other organisms become aware of the relative positions of their own bodies and objects around them. Space perception provides cues, such as depth and distance, that are important for movement and orientation to the environment.