3 (despite the title) is the fourth album by Violent Femmes, released in February 1989. The songs on were performed by the three members of the band playing only drums, bass and guitar, with the addition of keyboards and saxophone. Chris Woodstra of Allmusic noted that the fans of the band's early days would "appreciate the slightly stripped-back acoustic production."[1] The song "Fat" was later featured in the documentary Super Size Me.

1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves

2.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years

3.
Crazy (Gnarls Barkley song)
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Crazy is the debut single by Gnarls Barkley, a musical collaboration between Danger Mouse and CeeLo Green, taken from their 2006 debut album St. Elsewhere. It peaked at two on the Billboard Hot 100, and topped the charts in the United Kingdom, Denmark, Canada. When it was released in March 2006, it became the first single to top the UK Singles Chart on download sales alone. In spite of this deletion, the song became best-selling single of 2006 in the UK, due to continued download sales, it reached 1 million copies in January 2011. The song won a Grammy Award for Best Urban/Alternative Performance in 2007, and was nominated for Record of the Year. It was also nominated and further won a 2006 MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song, the song was also named the best song of 2006 by Rolling Stone and by the Village Voices annual Pazz & Jop critics poll. The song was listed at #11 on Pitchfork Medias top 500 songs of the 2000s, the song is also in the #66 place in the list of the best songs ever of Acclaimed Music. In 2010, it was placed at #100 in the version of Rolling Stones list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Crazy was notably performed at the 2006 MTV Movie Awards, with Danger Mouse, the song was picked up by Downtown Records. Danger Mouses manager sent the song to Downtowns A&R Josh Deutsch because they were looking for an independent label with the resources as a major. According to an interview with Deutsch in HitQuarters, he heard the song and he said, Once in a while you hear a record that is obviously so important on so many levels. The beauty of my position is that its very direct, if I find something I like theres no bureaucratic process associated with signing it. The record began to even before the deals with Downtown Records were complete. On its release Crazy became the most downloaded song in the history of the UK music business, Crazy not only samples the song, but utilizes the parts of the main melody and chord structure. The original songwriters for Last Man Standing are credited by Gnarls Barkley for this alongside their own credits. The lyrics for the song developed out of a conversation between Danger Mouse and CeeLo, according to Danger Mouse, I somehow got off on this tangent about how people wont take an artist seriously unless theyre insane. So we started jokingly discussing ways in which we could make people think we were crazy, CeeLo took that conversation and made it into Crazy, which we recorded in one take. Upon release, Crazy was met with acclaim from music critics

4.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu

5.
Brian Ritchie
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Brian Ritchie is the bass guitarist for the alternative rock band Violent Femmes. In addition to his bass playing, Ritchie is proficient at the shakuhachi and he acquired a Jun Shihan in March 2003 from James Nyoraku Schlefer, and his professional name is Tairaku. In 1987, Ritchie released his first solo album, The Blend, in 1989, he released his second solo album, Sonic Temple & Court of Babylon. Ritchies third solo album, I See A Noise, was released in 1990, all are currently out of print. Since 1998, he has collaborated with American shakuhachi maker Ken LaCosse developing a wide bore style of shakuhachi called taimu, in 2007 Ritchie produced and toured with the Italian punk/folk band The Zen Circus, which subsequently changed its name to The Zen Circus and Brian Ritchie. The first international album of the band, Villa Inferno, was released in 2008 for the Italian record label Unhip Records. In 2008, Ritchie and his wife, Dr. Varuni Kulasekera, moved to Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, Ritchie does most of his work in DV Studios. On Australia Day 2012, Ritchie and his wife were naturalised as Australian citizens, in 2009 he curated the first Mona Foma festival in Hobart, Tasmania. Since 2009 he has curated Mona Foma every year, in 2010 he toured as bassist with the Australian surf instrumental band called The Break, composed of ex-Midnight Oil members Rob Hirst, Jim Moginie and Martin Rotsey. Their debut album Church of the Open Sky was released on April 16,2010 on the independent label Bombora, in 2011 his home in Tasmania, designed by award winning architect Stuart Tanner, was featured on the TV series Sandcastles

6.
Violent Femmes
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Violent Femmes is an American folk rock band from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, initially active from 1980 to 1987 and again from 1988 to 2009. As of 2013, the band is active again, the band has performed as a trio, including singer, guitarist and songwriter Gordon Gano, bassist Brian Ritchie, and four drummers, Victor DeLorenzo, Guy Hoffman, Brian Viglione, and John Sparrow. Violent Femmes have released nine albums and fifteen singles during the course of their career. The band found success with the release of their self-titled debut album in early 1983. Violent Femmes went on to one of the most successful alternative rock bands of the 1980s. After the release of their third album The Blind Leading the Naked, the future was uncertain and they split up in 1987. However, they regrouped a year later, releasing the album 3, since then, Violent Femmes popularity continued to grow, especially in the United States where the songs Nightmares and American Music cracked the top five on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. In its early days, the frequently played coffee houses. Chrissie Hynde invited them to play an acoustic set after the opening act. After their debut album Violent Femmes, they released Hallowed Ground, mark Van Hecke produced the bands first two efforts, but their third album, The Blind Leading the Naked, saw a change in the studio. This time, another fellow Milwaukee native Jerry Harrison of Talking Heads did the producing and it was more mainstream and pop-oriented, resulting in a minor hit with Children of the Revolution, originally by T. Rex. In 1985, Van Hecke ended his collaboration with the group and he would return later, however, to produce two more albums for the group. The Femmes briefly disbanded, with Gano releasing an album in 1987, Ritchie also released several solo LPs. The group came together in late 1988, releasing 3. Why Do Birds Sing. was released in 1991 after the band signed to Reprise and featured another hit, American Music. In 1993, DeLorenzo departed the group to act and make solo records, Guy Hoffman, formerly of the Oil Tasters and BoDeans, was brought in to tour what was to become one of their biggest-selling records, the Add It Up collection. The first full album with Hoffman on drums, New Times, was released in 1994. Rock. was released in 1995 in Australia only, though it has become available in the United States of America

7.
Gordon Gano
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Gordon James Gano is an American musician. He is best known for being the singer, guitarist and songwriter of American alternative rock band Violent Femmes, Gano was born in Connecticut to actor parents Norman and Faye Gano. The Gano family moved to Wisconsin in 1973, when his father opened an American Baptist church in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, a suburb of Milwaukee. Rev. Gano, an actor, also formed a community theater group in Oak Creek. His father played guitar, and exposed his son to an array of musical genres, including country and western, show tunes. The liner notes to the compilation album Permanent Record describe Gano as a devout Baptist. Gordons garage band days began with covers of Bob Dylan, The Beatles and moved through Grateful Dead songs to Lou Reed and Velvet Underground songs by 1979. Gordon began writing his own songs in the mid 70s, influenced by the stylings of Lou Reed, the story-telling of Hank Williams, Sr. Given his acting background, Gordon wrote many of his songs for characters, in 1979 the Gano family moved to nearby Hales Corners, where his father took over an existing American Baptist congregation. At this time Gordon began attending Milwaukee public school—Rufus King High School, after graduating from high school, he worked briefly as an encyclopedia salesman. Gano formed Violent Femmes in Milwaukee in 1980 with bassist Brian Ritchie and drummer Victor DeLorenzo, in which he was a guitarist, lead singer and they soon developed an enthusiastic following thanks to songs such as Blister in the Sun, Kiss Off and Add It Up. The band experimented with a variety of sounds over the course of their career, such as country and western and pop-rock. During a Violent Femmes hiatus in the late 1980s, Gano formed a group called The Mercy Seat with vocalist Zena Von Heppinstall, bassist Patrice Moran. They toured internationally for two years and released an album in 1987 on Warner Music Groups Slash Records. The album was re-released digitally in 2009 on Wounded Bird Records and he released his first solo album in 2002, titled Hitting the Ground. Gano also played violin on Ben Vaughns 1990 album Dressed in Black, as of 2011 Gano is writing, recording and performing with ex-members of The Bogmen, Billy and Brendan Ryan, under the name Gordon Gano & The Ryans. Their first album, entitled Under the Sun, was released in September 2009 on Yep Roc Records and he is also working with The Lost Bayou Ramblers on their upcoming release. On September 14,2013, Violent Femmes played at Chicagos Riot Fest, performing their entire first album, along with songs Black Girls, I Held Her in My Arms, and American Music

8.
Brian Viglione
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Brian Viglione is an American drummer best known for his work with The Dresden Dolls and Violent Femmes. He was also a prominent member of New York Citys cabaret punk orchestra, known for his energetic and expressive drumming style, Viglione has often aligned himself with groups who incorporate eclectic musical styles and theatrical elements. A multi-instrumentalist, Viglione also plays guitar, bass, percussion and he starred in the American Repertory Theaters 2007 production of The Onion Cellar and performed in Addicted To Bad Ideas, Peter Lorres 20th Century with The World/Inferno Friendship Society in 2008. Viglione also played drums on the Nine Inch Nails album Ghosts I-IV in 2008 on a drum kit he built on site out of scrap metal and found objects. Brian Viglione was introduced to the drums by his father on Christmas Day at age five with his interest quickly deepening at age nine when rock became a primary focus. I spent every possible hour jamming with my friends up in our attic from the time I was in the grade through when I graduated high school. You could hardly tear us all away from playing, at sixteen years old, Viglione began playing gigs in clubs with bands around New England before moving from New Hampshire to Boston in 1999. There, he played with several Boston punk bands on both drums and bass guitar, I knew it was now or never when I moved from my small town to pursue my dream. Both of my parents understood how dedicated I was to making it come true and I was very lucky to have their encouragement through all of the craziness and uncertainty of those times. Viglione played bass for a year in a and was exposed to music played a large. I was listening to a lot of Tom Waits, Nick Cave, Black Flag, Swans, Miles Davis, Diamanda Galas, The Gun Club, Einstürzende Neubauten, Charles Mingus, and John Coltrane records. Very cathartic music that taught me a lot about the beauty of how to balance using space, at a Halloween party in October 2000, Viglione first met Amanda Palmer, and together they formed The Dresden Dolls after their first time playing together. They are a Boston-based keyboard/drum duo, in addition to playing drums, Viglione also plays guitar and bass on several Dresden Dolls songs including the first single, Sing, from their 2006 album Yes, Virginia. And sings back-up vocals, most notably on their version of Pierre from the The Dresden Dolls, locally, they have won numerous awards ranging from multiple Boston Music Awards to topping the Boston Phoenix/FNX Best Music Poll. In 2006, the recorded their second live DVD chronicling their two sold out shows at The Roundhouse in London. The concert DVD captures the band with their fan base, many of whom traveled from all over the US, Australia, in January 2007, Viglione co-starred in the American Repertory Theaters production of The Onion Cellar, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The show was co-written by The Dresden Dolls, cast, and director, Marcus Stern, loosely based on a chapter from Günter Grasss book, the entire 40-show run sold out and the production garnered rave reviews. In June 2007, as part of the Dresden Dolls, he toured with the True Colors Tour 2007, including his debut at Manhattans Radio City Music Hall, in 2010, a brief reunion tour of The Dresden Dolls occurred

9.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors

10.
Folk punk
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Folk punk is a fusion of folk music and punk rock. It was popularized in the early 1980s by The Pogues in Britain, folk punk achieved some mainstream success in that decade. In more recent years, its subgenres Celtic punk and Gypsy punk have experienced some commercial success, unlike Celtic rock and electric folk, folk punk tends to include relatively little traditional music in its repertoire. Most folk punk musicians perform their own compositions, in the style of punk rock, nevertheless, some folk punk bands have adopted traditional forms of folk music, including sea shanties and eastern European Gypsy music. In 1977 London born singer-songwriter Patrik Fitzgerald released his first EP titled Safety-Pin Stuck in My Heart which was subtitled a love song for punk music. The titular song from the EP still remains Fitzgeralds most famous work and acted as one of the releases for folk punk by combining punk rock imagery with acoustic guitar. During the 1980s other punk and hardcore bands would pepper their albums with acoustic tracks or inject folksier sounds, notably The Dead Milkmen, Hüsker Dü, and Articles of Faith. An influential album was the punk inflected folk-country album released in 1984 when psychedelic hardcore band The Meat Puppets switched their style for their seminal release Meat Puppets II. The Pogues lead singer Shane MacGowan had played in a London punk outfit The Nips, in the 80s Many bands with connections to or fanbases in the New Age Travelers fused folk, punk and more often than not Dub Reggae and Ska. Outfits like Culture Shock, Citizen Fish R. D. F, the AK47s, DS2000, Levellers musical cousins The ORoonies, The Tofu Love Frogs, Back To The Planet and others furthered the style, albeit in a deliberately underground / non-chart stylee. The pioneers of a more distinctively English brand of folk punk were The Men They Couldnt Hang, also important were the Oysterband, who developed from playing English Céilidh music with a fast and harder rock sound from around 1986. The Levellers, founded in 1988, made use of traditional melodies but more use of acoustic instruments. Several other prominent members of the English punk scene in the early 1980s were also experimenting with folk influences, early demos by Chumbawamba feature the accordion and the trumpet, though it would take them over 20 years to transition into a full-fledged folk act. Attila The Stockbroker began entertaining punk audiences accompanied by mandola in 1986, the early nineties saw a general lull of interest in folk influenced punk, but there were a few acts touring. 1994 saw the creation of Plan-It-X Records, which would later go on to release some of the most quintessential folk punk acts of the late 90s/early 2000s and have a large influence on the genre. Formed in 1995 The World/Inferno Friendship Society is an ensemble that came to be influential in the later New York Gypsy Punk scene. They combined elements of Cabaret, Punk, and Klezmer into their grandiose, at the close of the 1990s, Celtic punk had a revival as bands like Dropkick Murphys, Flogging Molly, Greenland Whalefishers, and The Real McKenzies started to experience wider commercial notice. This wave of bands, who often mixed Pogues-derived sounds with those of punk bands like Cockney Rejects

Macrovision pulses in an otherwise unused video line. Here they are large, forcing a VCR's auto contrast circuit to make the picture darker.

A couple of seconds later, the pulses have reduced in amplitude, forcing a VCR's auto contrast circuit to make the picture lighter. A couple of seconds later still, the pulses return to their original amplitude, darkening the picture once more.