Isaiah

Isaiah Institute Translation

At his coming, Jehovah takes vengeance on those whom he had redeemed but who yet rebelled against him.

1 Who is this coming from Edom in red-stained garments?Who is this from Bozrah, arrayed in majesty,pressing forward in the strength of his power?It is I, who am mighty to save,announcing righteousness!

2 Why are you clothed in red, your garmentslike those who tread grapes in the winepress?3 Alone I have trodden out a vatful;of the nations no one was with me.I trod them down in my anger;in my wrath I trampled them.Their lifeblood spattered my garments,and I have stained my whole attire.

4 For I had resolved on a day of vengeance,and the year of my redeemed had come.

5 I glanced around, but none would lend help;I glared, but no one would assist.So my own arm brought about salvation for me,and my wrath, it assisted me.6 I trod nations underfoot in my anger;I made them drunk by my ragewhen I cast their glory to the ground.

7 I will recount in praise of JehovahJehovah’s loving favors,according to all that Jehovah has done for us,according to the great kindnesshe has mercifully and most graciouslyrendered the house of Israel.

8 For he thought, Surely they are my people,sons who will not play false;and so he became their Savior:9 with all their troubles he troubled himself,the angel of his presence delivering them.In his love and compassionhe himself redeemed them;he lifted them up and carried themall the days of old.10 Yet they rebelled and grieved his holy Spirit,till he became their enemyand himself fought against them.

11 Then his peoplea recalled the days of Moses of old:bWhere is he who brought them up out of the Seawith the shepherd of his flock?Where is he who put into him his holy Spirit,12 who made his glorious arm proceedat the right hand of Moses,who divided the waters before them,making an everlasting name for himself13 when he led them through the deep?

Like the horse of the desert, they stumbled not;14 like cattle descending the slopes of ravines,it was the Spirit of Jehovah that guided them.cSo you led your people, O Jehovah,acquiring illustrious renown.

17 Why, O Jehovah, have you made us stray from your ways,hardening our hearts so that we do not fear you?Relent,d for the sake of your servants,the tribes that are your inheritance.18 But a little while had your people possessed the holy placewhen our enemies trod down your sanctuary.19 We have become as thosewhom you have never ruledand who have not been known by your name

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who establishes justice and righteousness among Jehovah's people and the nations, whose ministry Jehovah personally directs.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's anger in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's wrath in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who executes vengeance on the miscreants of Jehovah's people and the nations when Jehovah reverses the circumstances of his elect.

red

A pseudonym of (1) Jehovah God of Israel, and (2) Jehovah's end-time servant, who intervene in the earth to deliver its inhabitants who repent when the world has sunk into wickedness.

green

A pseudonym of Jehovah God of Israel, who personifies everlasting salvation to his elect when he comes out in judgment to destroy the reprobates of his people and the nations.

green

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's wrath toward the reprobates of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's anger toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's rage toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos that engulfs Jehovah's people for their wickedness but that Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his arm of righteousness, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his hand of deliverance, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses, facilitating a new exodus of Jehovah's elect to Zion.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who typifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them beyond their former glory but who can't gather in the new exodus those who don't repent.

Wherefore art thou red in thine apparel, and thy garments like him that treadeth in the winefat?

2

Why are you clothed in red, your garmentslike those who tread grapes in the winepress?

מַדּוּעַ אָדֹם לִלְבוּשֶׁךָ וּבְגָדֶיךָ כְּדֹרֵךְ בְּגַת ׃

I have trodden the winepress alone; and of the people there was none with me: for I will tread them in mine anger, and trample them in my fury; and their blood shall be sprinkled upon my garments, and I will stain all my raiment.

3

Alone I have trodden out a vatful;of the nations no one was with me.I trod them down in my anger;in my wrath I trampled them.Their lifeblood spattered my garments,and I have stained my whole attire.

I will mention the lovingkindnesses of the Lord, and the praises of the Lord, according to all that the Lord hath bestowed on us, and the great goodness toward the house of Israel, which he hath bestowed on them according to his mercies, and according to the multitude of his lovingkindnesses.

7

I will recount in praise of JehovahJehovah’s loving favors,according to all that Jehovah has done for us,according to the great kindnesshe has mercifully and most graciouslyrendered the house of Israel.

Look down from heaven, and behold from the habitation of thy holiness and of thy glory: where is thy zeal and thy strength, the sounding of thy bowels and of thy mercies toward me? are they restrained?

15

O look down from heaven,from your holy and glorious celestial abode,and behold!Where now are your zeal and your might?The yearnings of your bosom and your compassionare withheld from us!

Apocalyptic Commentary

At his coming, Jehovah takes vengeance on those whom he had redeemed but who yet rebelled against him.

1 Who is this coming from Edom in red-stained garments?Who is this from Bozrah, arrayed in majesty,pressing forward in the strength of his power?It is I, who am mighty to save,announcing righteousness!

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who establishes justice and righteousness among Jehovah's people and the nations, whose ministry Jehovah personally directs.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's anger in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's wrath in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who executes vengeance on the miscreants of Jehovah's people and the nations when Jehovah reverses the circumstances of his elect.

red

A pseudonym of (1) Jehovah God of Israel, and (2) Jehovah's end-time servant, who intervene in the earth to deliver its inhabitants who repent when the world has sunk into wickedness.

green

A pseudonym of Jehovah God of Israel, who personifies everlasting salvation to his elect when he comes out in judgment to destroy the reprobates of his people and the nations.

green

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's wrath toward the reprobates of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's anger toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's rage toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos that engulfs Jehovah's people for their wickedness but that Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his arm of righteousness, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his hand of deliverance, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses, facilitating a new exodus of Jehovah's elect to Zion.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who typifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them beyond their former glory but who can't gather in the new exodus those who don't repent.

blue

(63:1)

As Jehovah’s coming to the earth has the dual aspects of redemption for the righteous and vengeance upon the wicked (v 4), the outcome for all peoples depends on how they respond to his atonement for their transgressions. Although Jehovah pays “the price of our peace” or salvation, his people can’t be “healed by his wounds” until they repent (Isaiah 53:5; cf. 6:10; 44:21-22; 59:20). Because mercy can’t rob justice, there exist laws or conditions that govern their operation: while Jehovah’s people who repent receive his forgiveness, those who remain in their sins must suffer the justice of a just God.

Even so, Jehovah doesn’t inflict on them the consequences of their transgressions that he doesn’t himself suffer on their behalf when redeeming them: “He bore our sufferings, endured our griefs, though we thought him stricken, smitten of God, and humbled. But he was pierced for our transgressions, crushed because of our iniquities; the price of our peace he incurred, and with his wounds we are healed. . . . By arrest and trial he was taken away. Who can apprise his generation that he was cut off from the land of the living for the crime of my people, to whom the blow was due?” (Isaiah 53:4-5, Isaiah 53:4-5, 8).

Jehovah’s red-stained garments are thus first those stained by his own blood when he atones for his people’s transgressions by going like “a lamb to the slaughter” (Isaiah 53:7). That gives him the twofold prerogative as their God to impose justice on the wicked when he comes to the earth in power (Isaiah 40:10). To that end, he raises up two instruments of his power: (1) the king of Assyria/Babylon—his anger, wrath, vengeance, and rage (vv 3-6; Isaiah 10:5-6; 13:9; 34:2); and (2) the servant—his arm of righteousness (Isaiah 41:2; 48:14-15; 51:9) whom he “announces” (Isaiah 41:4; 45:19; 46:11-13).

The names Edom and Bozrah and the idea of “a day of vengeance” and “the year of my redeemed” (v 4) establish word links to another passage: “When my sword drinks its fill in the heavens, it shall come down on Edom in judgment, on the people I have sentenced to damnation. Jehovah has a sword that shall engorge with blood and glut itself with fat—the blood of lambs and he-goats, the kidney fat of rams. For Jehovah will hold a slaughter in Bozrah, an immense massacre in the land of Edom. . . . For it is Jehovah’s day of vengeance, the year of retribution on behalf of Zion” (Isaiah 34:5-6, Isaiah 34:5-6, 8).

Jehovah’s judgment on Edom, however, is a judgment on all nations or Gentiles: “Let the earth give heed, and all who are upon it, the world, and all who spring from it. Jehovah’s rage is upon all nations, his fury upon all their hosts; he has doomed them, consigned them to the slaughter” (Isaiah 34:1-2). The name Edom, which designates Esau, Jacob’s brother (Genesis 25:30), alludes to those who, like Esau, sell their birthright for a mess of pottage. These go “to the slaughter” as Jehovah himself goes “to the slaughter” when he atones for humanity’s transgressions and becomes its Savior (Isaiah 53:7).

2 Why are you clothed in red, your garmentslike those who tread grapes in the winepress?3 Alone I have trodden out a vatful;of the nations no one was with me.I trod them down in my anger;in my wrath I trampled them.Their lifeblood spattered my garments,and I have stained my whole attire.

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who establishes justice and righteousness among Jehovah's people and the nations, whose ministry Jehovah personally directs.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's anger in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's wrath in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who executes vengeance on the miscreants of Jehovah's people and the nations when Jehovah reverses the circumstances of his elect.

red

A pseudonym of (1) Jehovah God of Israel, and (2) Jehovah's end-time servant, who intervene in the earth to deliver its inhabitants who repent when the world has sunk into wickedness.

green

A pseudonym of Jehovah God of Israel, who personifies everlasting salvation to his elect when he comes out in judgment to destroy the reprobates of his people and the nations.

green

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's wrath toward the reprobates of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's anger toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's rage toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos that engulfs Jehovah's people for their wickedness but that Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his arm of righteousness, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his hand of deliverance, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses, facilitating a new exodus of Jehovah's elect to Zion.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who typifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them beyond their former glory but who can't gather in the new exodus those who don't repent.

blue

(63:2–3)

The idea of a winepress likens the slaughter of the wicked of the nations to grapes being trodden underfoot as in ancient times. The antithetical parallelism of Jehovah “alone” treading out a vatful with no one of “the nations” with him, infers that he alone atones—or is capable of atoning—for the transgressions of all: “We all like sheep had gone astray, each of us headed his own way; Jehovah brought together upon him the iniquity of us all” (Isaiah 53:6). He, therefore, is uniquely eligible to consign them to being “trodden underfoot” by the king of Assyria/Babylon—his anger and wrath (Isaiah 10:5-6).

4 For I had resolved on a day of vengeance,and the year of my redeemed had come.

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who establishes justice and righteousness among Jehovah's people and the nations, whose ministry Jehovah personally directs.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's anger in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's wrath in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who executes vengeance on the miscreants of Jehovah's people and the nations when Jehovah reverses the circumstances of his elect.

red

A pseudonym of (1) Jehovah God of Israel, and (2) Jehovah's end-time servant, who intervene in the earth to deliver its inhabitants who repent when the world has sunk into wickedness.

green

A pseudonym of Jehovah God of Israel, who personifies everlasting salvation to his elect when he comes out in judgment to destroy the reprobates of his people and the nations.

green

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's wrath toward the reprobates of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's anger toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's rage toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos that engulfs Jehovah's people for their wickedness but that Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his arm of righteousness, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his hand of deliverance, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses, facilitating a new exodus of Jehovah's elect to Zion.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who typifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them beyond their former glory but who can't gather in the new exodus those who don't repent.

blue

(63:4)

Because the destruction of the wicked is the deliverance of the righteous, “the day of vengeance” and “the year of my redeemed” form one and the same scenario—Jehovah’s Day of Judgment. While Jehovah redeems spiritually all who repent of transgression (vv 8-9; Isaiah 43:25; 44:22; 53:4-6; 54:5, 8; 59:20), his servant delivers them physically. Because the servant does so in part by empowering Jehovah’s servants who serve as proxy saviors under the terms of the Davidic Covenant (Isaiah 61:3, 6), their redemptive ministry, as noted, forms an integral part of Jehovah’s “day of vengeance” (Isaiah 61:2).

5 I glanced around, but none would lend help;I glared, but no one would assist.So my own arm brought about salvation for me,and my wrath, it assisted me.6 I trod nations underfoot in my anger;I made them drunk by my ragewhen I cast their glory to the ground.

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who establishes justice and righteousness among Jehovah's people and the nations, whose ministry Jehovah personally directs.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's anger in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's wrath in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who executes vengeance on the miscreants of Jehovah's people and the nations when Jehovah reverses the circumstances of his elect.

red

A pseudonym of (1) Jehovah God of Israel, and (2) Jehovah's end-time servant, who intervene in the earth to deliver its inhabitants who repent when the world has sunk into wickedness.

green

A pseudonym of Jehovah God of Israel, who personifies everlasting salvation to his elect when he comes out in judgment to destroy the reprobates of his people and the nations.

green

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's wrath toward the reprobates of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's anger toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's rage toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos that engulfs Jehovah's people for their wickedness but that Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his arm of righteousness, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his hand of deliverance, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses, facilitating a new exodus of Jehovah's elect to Zion.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who typifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them beyond their former glory but who can't gather in the new exodus those who don't repent.

blue

(63:5–6)

Just as the righteous fall victim to the wicked, so does Jehovah during his descent phase: “When integrity is lacking, they who shun evil become a prey. Jehovah saw that there was no justice, and it displeased him. When he saw it, he wondered why there was no man, no one who would intercede” (Isaiah 59:15-16); “He was despised and disdained by men, a man of grief, accustomed to suffering. As one from whom men hide their faces he was shunned, deemed by us of no merit” (Isaiah 53:3). While paying the price of justice for all, Jehovah faces his oppressors alone (Psalm 22:1; Isaiah 43:11-12).

Jehovah’s suffering his enemies’ wrath, anger, and rage when he is “cut off from the land of the living for the crime of my people to whom the blow was due” (Isaiah 53:8) personally acquaints him with the wrath, anger, and rage of tyrants such as the king of Assyria/Babylon whom he appoints to destroy and subjugate the wicked (Isaiah 10:5-6; 37:26-27). The spiritual and temporalsalvation that flows directly from Jehovah to all who repent he himself personifies by “making his life an offering for guilt” (Isaiah 53:10; cf. 43:12). His arm—his intervention—alone, therefore, is the hope of humanity.

7 I will recount in praise of JehovahJehovah’s loving favors,according to all that Jehovah has done for us,according to the great kindnesshe has mercifully and most graciouslyrendered the house of Israel.

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who establishes justice and righteousness among Jehovah's people and the nations, whose ministry Jehovah personally directs.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's anger in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's wrath in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who executes vengeance on the miscreants of Jehovah's people and the nations when Jehovah reverses the circumstances of his elect.

red

A pseudonym of (1) Jehovah God of Israel, and (2) Jehovah's end-time servant, who intervene in the earth to deliver its inhabitants who repent when the world has sunk into wickedness.

green

A pseudonym of Jehovah God of Israel, who personifies everlasting salvation to his elect when he comes out in judgment to destroy the reprobates of his people and the nations.

green

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's wrath toward the reprobates of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's anger toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's rage toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos that engulfs Jehovah's people for their wickedness but that Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his arm of righteousness, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his hand of deliverance, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses, facilitating a new exodus of Jehovah's elect to Zion.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who typifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them beyond their former glory but who can't gather in the new exodus those who don't repent.

blue

(63:7)

Praise springs from the hearts of all who experience Jehovah’s salvation, who perceive the bigger picture of his operation in their lives as their troubles finally blow over: “O Jehovah, you are my God; I will extol you by praising your name. For with perfect faithfulness you have performed wonders, things planned of old” (Isaiah 25:1). Those who live by his law and word live to see his redemption that is founded on his atoning sacrifice for sin. Such acknowledge his merciful intervention: “O Jehovah, you bring about our peace; even all that we have accomplished you have done for us” (Isaiah 26:12).

8 For he thought, Surely they are my people,sons who will not play false;and so he became their Savior:9 with all their troubles he troubled himself,the angel of his presence delivering them.In his love and compassionhe himself redeemed them;he lifted them up and carried themall the days of old.

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who establishes justice and righteousness among Jehovah's people and the nations, whose ministry Jehovah personally directs.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's anger in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's wrath in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who executes vengeance on the miscreants of Jehovah's people and the nations when Jehovah reverses the circumstances of his elect.

red

A pseudonym of (1) Jehovah God of Israel, and (2) Jehovah's end-time servant, who intervene in the earth to deliver its inhabitants who repent when the world has sunk into wickedness.

green

A pseudonym of Jehovah God of Israel, who personifies everlasting salvation to his elect when he comes out in judgment to destroy the reprobates of his people and the nations.

green

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's wrath toward the reprobates of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's anger toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's rage toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos that engulfs Jehovah's people for their wickedness but that Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his arm of righteousness, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his hand of deliverance, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses, facilitating a new exodus of Jehovah's elect to Zion.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who typifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them beyond their former glory but who can't gather in the new exodus those who don't repent.

blue

(63:8–9)

True to the terms of the covenants he makes with his people and with individuals, Jehovah fulfills his part by laying the foundation upon which all salvation rests—his atonement for his people’s transgressions in which he “bears their sufferings” and “endures their griefs” (Isaiah 53:4): “Hear me, O house of Jacob, and all you remnant of the house of Israel, who have been a load on me since birth, borne up by me from the womb: Even to your old age, I am present; till you turn grey, it is I who sustain you. It is I who made you, and I who bear you up; it is I who carry and rescue you” (Isaiah 46:3-4).

The “angel of his presence”—Jehovah’s servant—emulates Jehovah by keeping the terms of the Davidic Covenant on the seraph level (Isaiah 14:29-30). Word links identify him with the savior who “delivers” Egypt’s covenanters (Isaiah 19:19-22); and—as a type of his end-time role—with the “angel of Jehovah” who slays 185,000 Assyrians besieging Jerusalem (Isaiah 37:36). The terms “days of old” further identify him with Jehovah’s arm—the angel who leads Israel’s exodus out of Egypt and thwarts the pursuing Egyptians (vv 11-12; Isaiah 51:9-10; cf. 11:15-16; 43:16-17; Exodus 14:19-20).

10 Yet they rebelled and grieved his holy Spirit,till he became their enemyand himself fought against them.

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who establishes justice and righteousness among Jehovah's people and the nations, whose ministry Jehovah personally directs.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's anger in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's wrath in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who executes vengeance on the miscreants of Jehovah's people and the nations when Jehovah reverses the circumstances of his elect.

red

A pseudonym of (1) Jehovah God of Israel, and (2) Jehovah's end-time servant, who intervene in the earth to deliver its inhabitants who repent when the world has sunk into wickedness.

green

A pseudonym of Jehovah God of Israel, who personifies everlasting salvation to his elect when he comes out in judgment to destroy the reprobates of his people and the nations.

green

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's wrath toward the reprobates of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's anger toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's rage toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos that engulfs Jehovah's people for their wickedness but that Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his arm of righteousness, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his hand of deliverance, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses, facilitating a new exodus of Jehovah's elect to Zion.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who typifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them beyond their former glory but who can't gather in the new exodus those who don't repent.

blue

(63:10)

In the same way that Jehovah’s people seldom prove loyal to him anciently, so many prove disloyal in the end: “Hear, O heavens! Give heed, O earth! Jehovah has spoken: I have reared sons, brought them up, but they have revolted against me” (Isaiah 1:2); “They are a rebellious people, sons who break faith, children unwilling to obey the law of Jehovah” (Isaiah 30:9). By their rebellions they not only “grieve his holy Spirit,” they make themselves Jehovah’s enemies, hastening his Day of Judgment: “Woe to them! I will relieve me of my adversaries, avenge me of my enemies” (Isaiah 1:24).

11 Then his peoplea recalled the days of Moses of old:bWhere is he who brought them up out of the Seawith the shepherd of his flock?Where is he who put into him his holy Spirit,12 who made his glorious arm proceedat the right hand of Moses,who divided the waters before them,making an everlasting name for himself13 when he led them through the deep?

Like the horse of the desert, they stumbled not;14 like cattle descending the slopes of ravines,it was the Spirit of Jehovah that guided them.cSo you led your people, O Jehovah,acquiring illustrious renown.

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who establishes justice and righteousness among Jehovah's people and the nations, whose ministry Jehovah personally directs.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's anger in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's wrath in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who executes vengeance on the miscreants of Jehovah's people and the nations when Jehovah reverses the circumstances of his elect.

red

A pseudonym of (1) Jehovah God of Israel, and (2) Jehovah's end-time servant, who intervene in the earth to deliver its inhabitants who repent when the world has sunk into wickedness.

green

A pseudonym of Jehovah God of Israel, who personifies everlasting salvation to his elect when he comes out in judgment to destroy the reprobates of his people and the nations.

green

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's wrath toward the reprobates of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's anger toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's rage toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos that engulfs Jehovah's people for their wickedness but that Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his arm of righteousness, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his hand of deliverance, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses, facilitating a new exodus of Jehovah's elect to Zion.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who typifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them beyond their former glory but who can't gather in the new exodus those who don't repent.

blue

(63:11–14)

For some of Jehovah’s people the impact of covenant curses that follow them as a result of unrepented sins have the desired effect—they turn back to their God (Isaiah 19:22; 31:6-7). They recall the wonderful acts Jehovah performed in times past, such as Israel’s exodus out of Egypt, and they wonder why, amidst so many calamities now overtaking them, he doesn’t do the same for them. Little do they know that for those who responded to his servant’s summons to repent of evil and return in the new exodus to Zion those very events are indeed in the process of happening, while for them it is too late.

Word links identify Jehovah’s servant as his “shepherd,” as endowed with his “Spirit,” as a new Moses who dries up “the deep,” and as his arm and right hand: “My servant whom I sustain, my chosen one in whom I delight, him I have endowed with my Spirit” (Isaiah 42:1); “Who says to the deep, ‘Become dry; I am drying up your currents,’ who says of Cyrus, ‘He is my shepherd’” (Isaiah 44:27-28); “Like a shepherd he pastures his flock: the lambs he gathers up with his arm” (Isaiah 40:11; emphasis added); “Jehovah has sworn by his right hand, his mighty arm” (Isaiah 62:8; emphasis added).

As Jehovah made an “everlasting name” for himself and acquired “illustrious renown” when he performed wonders for his people anciently (Exodus 9:16; Joshua 9:9), so he does when he delivers his end-time people: “In that day you will say, ‘Give thanks to Jehovah; invoke his name. Make known his deeds among the nations; commemorate his exalted name.’ Sing in praise of Jehovah, who has performed wonders; let it be acknowledged throughout the earth! Shout and sing for joy, O inhabitants of Zion, for renowned among you is the Holy One of Israel” (Isaiah 12:4-6; cf. Jeremiah 16:14-15).

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who establishes justice and righteousness among Jehovah's people and the nations, whose ministry Jehovah personally directs.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's anger in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's wrath in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who executes vengeance on the miscreants of Jehovah's people and the nations when Jehovah reverses the circumstances of his elect.

red

A pseudonym of (1) Jehovah God of Israel, and (2) Jehovah's end-time servant, who intervene in the earth to deliver its inhabitants who repent when the world has sunk into wickedness.

green

A pseudonym of Jehovah God of Israel, who personifies everlasting salvation to his elect when he comes out in judgment to destroy the reprobates of his people and the nations.

green

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's wrath toward the reprobates of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's anger toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's rage toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos that engulfs Jehovah's people for their wickedness but that Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his arm of righteousness, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his hand of deliverance, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses, facilitating a new exodus of Jehovah's elect to Zion.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who typifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them beyond their former glory but who can't gather in the new exodus those who don't repent.

blue

(63:15–16)

Unreality characterizes the petitions of those who suffer covenant curses as they portray Jehovah as an aloof God who dwells in glory high in the heavens while they—his children—live in despair here below. Although they know that Jehovah at times intervenes on behalf of his people to deliver them from perils, they overlook the covenantal conditions under which he does so. They want redemption, but on their own terms. Meanwhile, Jehovah’s zeal—as manifested in his servant—is absent, having left in the new exodus with God’s sons and daughters who emulated their righteous ancestors.

17 Why, O Jehovah, have you made us stray from your ways,hardening our hearts so that we do not fear you?Relent,d for the sake of your servants,the tribes that are your inheritance.

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who establishes justice and righteousness among Jehovah's people and the nations, whose ministry Jehovah personally directs.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's anger in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's wrath in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who executes vengeance on the miscreants of Jehovah's people and the nations when Jehovah reverses the circumstances of his elect.

red

A pseudonym of (1) Jehovah God of Israel, and (2) Jehovah's end-time servant, who intervene in the earth to deliver its inhabitants who repent when the world has sunk into wickedness.

green

A pseudonym of Jehovah God of Israel, who personifies everlasting salvation to his elect when he comes out in judgment to destroy the reprobates of his people and the nations.

green

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's wrath toward the reprobates of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's anger toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's rage toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos that engulfs Jehovah's people for their wickedness but that Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his arm of righteousness, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his hand of deliverance, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses, facilitating a new exodus of Jehovah's elect to Zion.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who typifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them beyond their former glory but who can't gather in the new exodus those who don't repent.

blue

(63:17)

Even as they appeal to Jehovah for help, this category of his people wallows in self-deception, blaming him for their waywardness. They resemble people who practice a delusional form of religion, relying on what others have taught them, not on Jehovah’s law and word as he reveals it: “These people approach me with the mouth and pay me homage with their lips, while their heart remains far from me, their piety toward me consisting of commandments of men learned by rote” (Isaiah 29:13). Consequently, Jehovah’s Day of Judgment catches them unprepared and as yet unrepentant of their sins.

The expression “for the sake of” alludes to the role of proxy saviors under the terms of the Davidic Covenant who bear others’ transgressions and intercede on their behalf so that Jehovah may deliver them from harm or destruction (Isaiah 37:35; 53:11-12; 65:8). That principle of temporal salvation, however, operates only when its beneficiaries—though not yet righteous before God—are in a state of repentance. The parallelism of Jehovah’s “servants” with “the tribes that are your inheritance” identifies Jehovah’s servants with Israel’s twelve tribes (cf. Isaiah 49:6; 65:9, 13-15; Revelation 7:3-8).

18 But a little while had your people possessed the holy placewhen our enemies trod down your sanctuary.19 We have become as thosewhom you have never ruledand who have not been known by your name

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who establishes justice and righteousness among Jehovah's people and the nations, whose ministry Jehovah personally directs.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's anger in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who manifest Jehovah's wrath in punishing the wicked of Jehovah's people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who executes vengeance on the miscreants of Jehovah's people and the nations when Jehovah reverses the circumstances of his elect.

red

A pseudonym of (1) Jehovah God of Israel, and (2) Jehovah's end-time servant, who intervene in the earth to deliver its inhabitants who repent when the world has sunk into wickedness.

green

A pseudonym of Jehovah God of Israel, who personifies everlasting salvation to his elect when he comes out in judgment to destroy the reprobates of his people and the nations.

green

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's wrath toward the reprobates of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's anger toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who personify Jehovah's rage toward the evildoers of his people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.

red

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos that engulfs Jehovah's people for their wickedness but that Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his arm of righteousness, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, his hand of deliverance, who led Israel's tribes out of Egypt as the angel of Jehovah and who does so again at their new exodus to Zion.

blue

A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, a power of chaos Jehovah's servant subdues as did Moses, facilitating a new exodus of Jehovah's elect to Zion.

red

A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who typifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them beyond their former glory but who can't gather in the new exodus those who don't repent.

blue

(63:18–19)

At the same time that Jehovah is a “sanctuary” (miqdas) to his repentant people—to those who revere him and hold him in awe (Isaiah 8:13-14)—his unrepentant people suffer foreign invasion and the treading down of his “sanctuary” (miqdaseka)—the temple—as a consequence of their wickedness (Isaiah 1:7; 9:11-12; 10:3-6). Now subject to covenant curses, those who were once blessed of Jehovah face a long road back to him (Isaiah 59:9-14; 64:5-12; 66:3-4). Rejecting him when he summoned them through his servant (Isaiah 49:1-2; 50:4, 10; 55:1-7), they rejected Jehovah’s divine intervention.