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1. Modern authoritarianism, a form of government ( forms of government ), is multifaceted. As a broad term, authoritarianism refers to arbitrary governmental authority. The common feature of authoritarian states is the enforcement of obedience to a central authority at the expense of personal freedoms, rule of law and other constitutional values and principles ( Oxford English Dictionary ; Linz (2001) 57; Ginsburg and Simpser ). 2. In other words, authoritarianism can be characterized by chronic shortcomings: narrowed political pluralism, absent or inadequate...

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