Logic & Formal Reasoning

"I think the best hope for human-level AI is logical AI, based on the formalizing of commonsense knowledge and reasoning in mathematical logic. Formalizing common sense requires extensions to mathematical logic including nonmonotonic reasoning and extensive reification, e.g., of concepts and also contexts. The reifications require appropriate reflection schemas."– from The Future of AI— A Manifesto by John McCarthy. AI Magazine 26(4), (2005).