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We describe spectral domain Optical coherence tomography findings in a case of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma which was successfully treated with photodynamic therapy.

In this case report we illustrate the use of spectral domain optical coherence tomography for the first time to document retinal changes overlying a choroidal hemangioma and its role as a non-invasive tool in planning the treatment and prognosticating the final visual outcome following treatment for circumscribed subfoveal choroidal hemangiomas.

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[Publication-country] Iceland

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Choroidal hemangioma and epiretinal membrane].

[Transliterated title]Hemangiom coroidian şi membrană epiretiniană.

Choroidal hemangiomas are benign vascular hamartomas developed from birth, but undetected until the 4th and 5th decade.

Here we present a patient with associated pathology choroidal hemangioma with atypical fluorescein angiography pattern, undetected on ocular echography hence the difficulties in establishing a positive diagnosis and epiretinal membrane observed both clinically and on fluorescein angiography.

[Title] [Photodynamic therapy of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma].

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four patients (3 men and 1 woman), 15-55 years old (mean age: 29 years) with circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas of the posterior pole, were examined.

The diagnosis of choroidal hemangioma was established on the base of clinical examination, A and B--scan ultrasound imaging, Doppler ultrasonography, fluorescein and indocyanine angiography results.

RESULTS: In a follow-up period which range from 3 to 14 months (mean 5.7 months) all cases demonstrated clinical features of lesion regression with a reduction of thickness on ultrasonography and choroidal vasculature on angiograms.

CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results indicate that PDT with verteporfin is a safe and effective method of treatment for circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas, especially in patients with posterior pole location of the tumour.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

PURPOSE: To report a case of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) that responded to photodynamic therapy (PDT) but 3 years later developed polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with exudative retinopathy.

On indocyanine green angiography, there were hyperfluorescent dilated choroidal vessels inferior to the foveola with late staining and leakage consistent with PCV.

Hypofluorescence superior and nasal to the optic disc at the site of the treated hemangioma, consistent with choroidal ischemia, was observed.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

A 53-years old patient, with the diagnosis of diffuse choroidal hemangioma, partially ossified, associated with serous exudative retinal detachment, secondary to the choroidal neovessels, is presented.

Aspects of differential diagnosis with the choroidal osteoma associated with serous exudative retinal detachment are discussed.

The mean thickness of the hemangioma before the treatment was 3.2 ± 0.9 mm and decreased to 1.3 ± 1.0 mm post treatment (P < .01), with complete regression of tumor in 7 cases (28%).

CONCLUSIONS: PDT with individualized laser parameters for macular circumscribed choroidal hemangioma is effective and safe, leading to improved or stabilized BCVA as a result of tumor shrinkage and the resolution of the subretinal fluid.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

PURPOSE: To describe the results of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a standard protocol, developed for treating choroidal neovascularization (CNV), for the treatment of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH).

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title]De novo emergence of a circumscribed choroidal hemangioma in a premature infant.

PURPOSE: To present a case of a premature infant who was witnessed to have de novo development of a circumscribed choroidal hemangioma over the course of routine retinopathy of prematurity screening.

RESULTS: A former 29-week, 1446-g premature infant boy was examined multiple times by both a pediatric retinal specialist and pediatric ophthalmologist before a posterior pole circumscribed choroidal hemangioma was noted, initially at postmenstrual age 39 weeks.

CONCLUSION: Circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas previously have been thought to be congenital in nature.

We present the earliest described case as well as the first de novo emergence of such a tumor.

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B-scanning ultrasound examination showed that the hemangioma was undetectable in 2 patients, and in the other 8 patients,the hemangioma had the diameter of 4.2 to 8.3 mm (average 6.4 mm) and the thickness was 0.5 to 2.7 mm (average 1.9 mm).

Retina detachment disappeared in 2 patients CONCLUSIONS: Combination facula PDT may lead to the shrinking of choroidal hemangioma, disappearance of subretinal fluid, reattachment of retina and the increase or saving of the visual acuity.

It is a effective and safe treatment for the macular circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.

[Publication-country] United States

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Small choroidal melanoma--a diagnostic problem].

The aim of this paper is to present the most common diagnostic problem associated with a small choroidal melanoma.

In some cases other lesions such as a choroidal naevus, an exudative type of age related macular degeneration (AMD) with the presence of subretinal haemmorrhage, retinal pigment hypertrophy, choroidal haemangioma and choroidal metastatic tumours may mimic small choroidal melanomas.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Thereafter it was approved for choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) in pathological myopia.

RESULTS: The treatments of idiopathic CNV, secondary CNV in inflammatory diseases of the retina and choroid, choroidal haemangioma, vasoproliferative tumours, malignant melanoma of the choroid, and central serous chorioretinopathy with PDT are described.

CONCLUSION: Several retinal and choroidal diseases can be treated successfully with PDT.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title]Choroidal metastasis from carcinoma of breast detected on F18-FDG PET CT scan: A case report and review of literature.

Intraocular choroidal metastasis is a very rare cause of blindness.

Choroidal hemangioma and melanoma are other causes that may mimic the condition.

Carcinoma of breast is the most common primary malignancy that accounts for choroidal metastasis in females and carcinoma of lung is the most common cause in males.

Other primary neoplasms which can uncommonly metastasize to the choroid are testis, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, thyroid, pancreas, and prostate.

We present a case of carcinoma of breast that had visual disturbances and wholebody F18-fluorodeoxyglucose, positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (FDG PET CT) revealed a choroidal lesion in addition to cerebral, pulmonary, and skeletal metastases.

Choroidal metastasis from carcinoma of lung has been reported previously on FDG PET.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of carcinoma of breast demonstrating choroid metastasis on F18-FDG PET CT scan.

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Pseudomelanomas of the choroid].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate what are the most frequent ocular diseases that were suspected for choroidal melanoma ("pseudo melanoma").

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data of all patients who were seen in the University Hospital of Mainz under the suspicion of choroidal melanoma between 1.1.1994 and 1.1.2004 and underwent ultrasound examination, fluorescein angiography or fundus photography, were analysed retrospectively.

Among 458 examined eyes a choroidal melanoma was diagnosed in 212 cases.

RESULTS: The most frequent ocular diseases suspected for choroidal melanoma were "suspicious nevi" in 31 % of the cases and "disciforme macula degeneration" in 34 %.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

From a practical point of view the most important significance has a differential diagnosis of AMD with posterior pole tumours: choroidal melanoma, choroidal naevus, choroidal hemangioma and metastatic tumors.

The aim of this study is to present, based on literature and our experience, the role of fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, standard A- and B-scan ultrasonography and colour Doppler ultrasonography in differential diagnosis of exudative AMD and posterior pole choroidal tumours.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The ocular manifestations of Sturge-Weber-Krabbe syndrome in her right eye were glaucoma and diffuse choroidal hemangioma.

CONCLUSIONS: Interaction of the effects of topical prostaglandin analogs (blood-aqueous barrier disruption, enhancement of uveoscleral outflow) with both the diffuse choroidal hemangioma and the elevated episcleral venous pressure may lead to uveal effusion in Sturge-Weber-Krabbe syndrome.

In spite of their efficiency, prostaglandin F2 analogs (latanoprost, travoprost and bimatoprost) should be used with caution in Sturge-Weber-Krabbe syndrome and particularly in cases of proved diffuse choroidal hemangioma.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin: from neovascularization to hemangioma].

Although it was possible to stabilize the vision of the better eye almost 3 times longer compare to a natural history of the disease on the fellow eye, the final result on both eyes today is identical and below the legal blindness range.We use PDT as a monotherapy for example in management of choroidal hemangioma now-a-days as two next cases show.

Only one of six patients with suspected metastases had this condition, the remainder having melanoma (1), lymphoma (1), circumscribed choroidal haemangioma (1), and others (2).

The 'choroidal tumours' and 'solid detachments' were found to be chorio-retinal disciform scar (1), varix of vortex vein (1), eccentric CNV (1), and subretinal haemorrhage (1) CONCLUSION: Approximately 30% of patients referred to an ocular oncology service with the diagnosis of choroidal melanoma have an incorrect diagnosis.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

BACKGROUND: Verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) is approved for the treatment of predominantly classic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), as well as for subfoveal CNV due to pathologic myopia and ocular histoplasmosis syndrome.

Although the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies, ranibizumab and pegaptanib, have been approved for CNV due to AMD, their role in these other choroidal vascular disorders remains to be established.

Randomized controlled studies are warranted to confirm the preliminary results of verteporfin PDT as a monotherapy or in combination with anti-VEGF therapies in the treatment of a variety of choroidal vascular conditions.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and outcome of low-dose proton beam irradiation in the treatment of symptomatic circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 71 patients with symptomatic circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas treated by proton beam irradiation between September 1994 and October 2002 using a total dose of 20 Cobalt Gray Equivalent.

Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) is an uncommon benign vascular tumor of the choroid that is usually diagnosed when it causes a decrease in vision due to exudative retinal detachment.

Several studies reported on minor local side effects following PDT, consisting of atrophy and proliferation of the retinal pigment epithelium, atrophy of the choroid, transient choroidal effusion, and mild subretinal fibrosis.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Filtration surgery may be complicated by expulsive choroidal hemorrhage and massive choroidal effusion, more often in patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome compared with other patients presenting with glaucoma, particularly in eyes with choroidal hemangioma, because the rapid decrease in IOP during surgery may induce the transudation of fluid from a fragile vessel in the choroidal hemangioma, leading to the development of choroidal effusion.

Our case illustrates that significant but transient choroidal effusions can still occur after diode laser procedure.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The other 7 123I-IMP-SPECT-negative patients have been monitored under the diagnosis of choroidal nevus, choroidal hemangioma, hyperplasia of the pigment epithelium of the retina, or idiopathic inflammatory lesions without any complications.

[Publication-country] Germany

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Vascular tumors of the retina and choroid: diagnosis and treatment.

The vascular tumors of the retina and choroid comprise a diverse group of congenital and acquired lesions.

The major vascular tumors of the retina include retinal capillary hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma of the retina, retinal vasoproliferative tumor, and racemose hemangiomatosis of the retina or Wyburn-Mason syndrome.

While classified as benign, visual symptoms secondary to exudative retinal detachment and a variety of other mechanisms are common and are a major source of long-term visual disability.

Of particular importance, many of the vascular tumors of the retina and choroid have significant associations with systemic disease.

In the following article, the key clinical and diagnostic features of the major retinal and choroidal vascular tumors, their systemic associations, and the literature pertaining to the most currently available treatment strategies are reviewed.

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

INTRODUCTION: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method of treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) with a diode laser used after intravenously administered verteporfin.

RESULTS: Two thirds of patients had CNV due to AMD, while in others it was caused by pathologic myopia, chorioretinitis, angioid streaks, choroidal hemangioma, except for one patient who had idiopathic CNV.

Visual acuity was stabile in 60% (9/15) of patients, of whom in 60% (6/10) of patients with AMD, as well as in patients with pathologic myopia, idiopathic CNV and choroidal hemangioma.