Today I needed to change the virtual directory my current project uses to more accurately reflect it purpose. The application uses Ajax calls to post information back to a MVC Controller Action. It has always bugged me that I had to put the virtual directory name in the Ajax URL parameter. So today I set out to solve that problem.

This provided a very simple straight forward way to allow my virtual directory name to change and not have to modify the ajax calls. Thanks to many of the Stack Overflow posters especially dknaack for help me come to this solution.

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Today I came across the need to be able to upload documents to a SharePoint list. Not so bad, I have done this before, but this time I also need to populate some custom metadata about the document. After a lot of looking, searching and exceptions I finally found the answer and here it is.

Add References to Microsoft.SharePoint.Client Library

Install-Package Microsoft.SharePoint.Client

Define a form

The important part I always forget is the enctype=”multipart/form-data”.

I have run into a problem. LINQ didn’t behave as I had expected when trying to query an object from a list. So I set out to figure out what I didn’t know. Turns out I am not alone in this since I have been asked about it several times. This post will look at what you can expect to happen when you query a list of objects that does not contain the item you are looking for. This can produce three different outcomes depending on the way you approach it. You will either get an exception, a null object or an empty object.

Before we begin we need a class to give us some useful data to query against.

I created a real simple Item object with just an id and name, as well as, a simple class to build up a IQueryable<Item> for us to run some LINQ queries against.

1: publicclass Item

2: {

3: publicint Id { get; set; }

4:

5: publicstring Name { get; set; }

6: }

7:

8: publicclass ItemData

9: {

10: public IQueryable<Item> GetItems()

11: {

12: var users = new List<Item>

13: {

14: new Item {Id=1, Name = "Item 1"},

15: new Item {Id=2, Name = "Item 2"},

16: new Item {Id=3, Name = "Item 3"},

17: new Item {Id=4, Name = "Item 4"},

18: new Item {Id=5, Name = "Item 5"},

19: };

20:

21: return users.AsQueryable();

22: }

23: }

Single

var single = items.Single(x => x.Id == 10);

Singlereturns the single, specific item from a sequence of values that matches your query. Single throws an exception if there is not exactly one element in the sequence. In my testing when looking for an item not in the sequence it threw [System.InvalidOperationException] = {"Sequence contains no matching element"}.

SingleOrDefault

This one is a little better, it doesn’t throw an exception it returns null. Why didn’t it return an empty Item object? You’d think that would be the default and that it could figure it out because it knows what type of object we are querying for. Nope, if you don’t specify the default value you get null.

SingleOrDefault with DefaultIfEmpty

Ok, so lets specify a default value with .DefaultIfEmpty.

var singleOrDefaultIfEmpty = items.DefaultIfEmpty(new Item())

.SingleOrDefault(x => x.Id == 10);

I expected to get a new Item object, but guess what I got null. I couldn’t figure out why, the documentation states ‘The SingleOrDefault method does not provide a way to specify a default value. If you want to specify a default value other than default(TSource), use the DefaultIfEmpty(Of TSource)(IEnumerable(Of TSource), TSource) method as described in the Example section.’

I did that yet I still got a null, and not an empty Item object. Hopefully, you guys can tell me why.

First and FirstOrDefault, Last and LastOrDefault

First, FirstOrDefault and Last and LastOrDefault gave the same results as their respective counterparts. It appears that the OrDefault doesn’t mean anything.

Where

Let’s look at using Where(), cause hey let’s be honest this is the way I write most of my queries anyway. Where by itself returns IQueryable<T> which what we expect, but let’s look at what happens when use DefaultIfEmpty by itself and with First and FirstOrDefault.

Where with DefaultIfEmpty

var whereDefaultIfEmpty = items.Where(x => x.Id == 10)

.DefaultIfEmpty(new Item());

Hey, we are finally starting to get some results, this returned a new Item object.

Where with First

Ok, so what if we put First?

var whereFirst = items.Where(x => x.Id == 10).First();

Oh, here is our old friend InvalidOperationException, no joy!

Where with First and DefaultIfEmpty

So, for fun let’s see if adding the DefaultIfEmpty makes a difference.

var whereFirstDefaultIfEmpty = items.Where(x => x.Id == 10)

.DefaultIfEmpty(new Item())

.First();

This return a new Item object. Ok, so now we are starting to see when DefaulIfEmpty helps. Remember just using it with First without Where just threw an exception.

Where with FirstOrDefault

This behaved no different than just using FirstOrDefaul(x=> x.Id == 10), we got a null.

Where with FirstOrDefault and DefaultIfEmpty

Ok, so DefaultIfEmpty made a difference when using First, let’s hope it does the same for FirstOrDefault.

var whereFirstOrDefaultIfEmpty = items.Where(x => x.Id == 10)

.DefaultIfEmpty(new Item())

.FirstOrDefault();

Eureka! A new Item object.

Summary

From what I was able to figure out reading the online documentation and my own testing it I recommend using DefaultIfEmpty() with Where() alone or with FirstOrDefault. But remember using it with Single, SingleOrDefault, First, FirstOrDefault, Last, or LastOrDeafult will not get you the default object, you will either get an InvalidOperationException or null.

Now that I understand how and when DefaultIfEmpty makes a difference I can create LINQ queries that return the results I expect and I will be able to predict if I will get an Exception, Null or Object.

If you have experienced something different, disagree, or have a better way to approach this please post a reply. The discussion just makes all of us better.

Microsoft once again has chosen to award me with the MVP Award for ASP.NET/IIS. Once again I find myself very honored and humbled to be recognized for my efforts in the community. I have always said that even if I am not an MVP I will continue to go out and foster community wherever I can, and I will, but not just yet.

I want to thank the Northwest Arkansas Technical community, hey they have to put up with me . They have been a great source of ideas and inspiration and I would go to bat for any of you. Thanks for listening to me rant, and for sometimes telling me to shut up .

Thanks again to Microsoft for the honor of being an MVP and thanks to the community for helping me get there.

When I first saw that ability in Visual Studio 2010 to transform web.config files for the target platform I was very excited. This was a real deployment issue solved for me. Over were the writing code that was environment aware, an maintaining multiple config files; one for each environment and swapping them out at deploy time.

The main thing that disappointed me was that it only worked on web project. This was a real problem for other project types too.

SlowCheeta - XML Tranforms is a Visual Studio extension that bring configuration file transformations to any xml file. I have downloaded and installed it and will be following Scott’s excellent post to learn more about it.

The Holy Grail of maintaining your configuration files has been achieved!