An estate must be opened if a person dies with property in their name alone (not joint), or owns an insurance policy or retirement benefits and has not named anyone as a beneficiary or has made the money payable to the estate. A personal representative is appointed by the Court to handle the administration of the decedent’s estate

Small Estate - Probate can be used if the estate is worth $21,000 or less. If a Muskegon County resident died leaving property in their name only, and the property is under $21,000, the closest relative or person who paid the funeral bill may bring the death certificate and paid funeral bill to the Probate Court. The cost is $36, plus an inventory fee. This can be done in one day.

Estate over $21,000:

If a Muskegon County resident has died leaving property in their name only and the property is over $21,000, the closest relative or person named in the will may file a petition to have the estate probated. The filing fee is $150 plus $12 for certified copies. It may take a while to process the forms. There are two types of estates over $21,000:

Supervised Administration requires the Court to review and approve the actions of the personal representative

In Unsupervised Administration, the Court is only involved at the beginning and the end unless requested by an interested person or the personal representative

A personal representative may be formally appointed by a Probate Judge after a petition is filed in the Probate Court. The petition can be filed by an interested person to the decedent’s estate. When the petition is filed, unless waivers and consents from all interested persons are attached, a hearing will be held. The person who files the petition has the responsibility to properly notify the persons who have a right to know about the hearing. On the date of the hearing, the petitioner and anyone else who wants to take part goes before the Judge and explains the need for a personal representative.

A personal representative may be appointed informally by filing an application directed to the Probate Register. An applicant seeking appointment in an informal proceeding must give notice and a copy of the application to each person having a prior or equal right to appointment who has not waived the right. Such a waiver may be accomplished by filing a Waiver and Consent. A proof of service must also be filed with the Court.

The person appointed personal representative is required to file an Acceptance of Appointment and possibly a Bond to protect the estate’s assets. After filing the Acceptance of Appointment and Bond (if ordered), Letters of Authority will be issued to the personal representative. The Letters of Authority give the personal representative the right to perform the following duties, unless the Court restricts their authority.

To determine if the decedent had a will. If they did, copies must be given to the beneficiaries. A hearing must be conducted so the Judge can determine whether the will is valid.

Gather the estate’s assets and determine what they are worth. This includes checking the decedent’s safety deposit box; determining what, if any, insurance, social security, pension, veterans or other benefits are payable to the estate or its beneficiaries; and obtaining appraisals, if necessary. Within 91 days of being appointed, the personal representative in supervised administration is required to file an Inventory with the Court listing all the decedent’s assets. For unsupervised administration, the personal representative must provide all interested persons with an Inventory within 91 days.

Give notice to the decedent’s creditors. This must be published in a legal newspaper; if you know of particular creditors of the decedent, they must be given actual notice. You must determine what creditors’ claims, if any, should be paid.

The estate’s assets must be preserved and distributed to the heirs according to the will, or if none, by the laws of intestate succession. If you improperly distribute assets without leaving enough in the estate to pay taxes, you may be personally responsible for coming up with the difference.

The personal representative must keep careful records of all income of the estate and all disbursements of the estate’s funds. The personal representative must keep the estate’s assets separate and never “borrow” from them.

In supervised administration, file an annual Account each year within 56 days of the anniversary date of the personal representative’s appointment and a Final Account when the estate is closed. The Account must list receipts (monies in) and disbursements (monies out). Save your receipts; one must be presented to the Court for each disbursement. In unsupervised administration the Accounts do not have to be filed with the Court, but they must still be served on interested persons.

Ensure that all taxes on the estate are paid. You must also see that the decedent’s final federal, state and city income taxes are paid and the returns filed.

If the personal representative does not timely perform their duties, any interested person or the Court itself may start proceedings to remove the personal representative or to force them to take action. The personal representative may be held liable for losses caused by his or her mistakes or for failing to act quickly and sensibly.

Yes. You can use attorneys, accountants, investment advisors or other professionals to help assist in estate administration. The fees of these professionals are subject to review of the Court, and if reasonable, can be paid from the estate. Even if you hire experts, as personal representative, you are still responsible for the estate’s administration.