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book6941Information: der Geist in der Natur2011158Wir leben mitten in einem üppigen Theater millionenfach variierter pflanzlicher und tierischer Formen. Sie bedecken die Oberfläche der Erde und erwecken unsere Bewunderung und unser ästhetisches Empfinden. Die Gesetze dieser Vielfalt  ihren Geist also  haben wir allerdings noch kaum ergründet.
Valentin Braitenberg ist Hirnforscher und Kybernetiker. Er hat sich ein Leben lang bemüht, komplexe Verschaltungen im Gehirn als technische Lösungen verhaltensphysiologischer Aufgaben zu erklären. In diesem Buch geht seine Ambition noch einen Schritt weiter: Im Begriff der Information, der in der künstlichen Intelligenz eine zentrale Rolle spielt, sieht er das Äquivalent zum Geist in der Natur. Mit nüchternem, wissenschaftlich-kritischem Blick und doch immer wieder augenzwinkernd präsentiert er uns die Geister, die uns umgeben  und zeigt auf ebenso unterhaltsame wie verblüffende Weise, dass sie ihren festen Platz in der Wissenschaft verdient haben. Ein uraltes philosophisches Problem wird so entzaubert.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.schattauer.de/shop/product_info.php/info/p590_Information---der-Geist-in-der-Natur.html/XTCsid/b28c0b318e03f3e10c18cebc4ac95d3bSchattauerStuttgart, GermanyWissen & LebenBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde978-3-7945-2768-7braitenbVBraitenbergbook6880L&lsquo;immagine del mondo nella testa2008171Valentino Braitenberg, tra i pionieri della cibernetica, non è nuovo alle provocazioni intellettuali. Ne ha dato prova, già nel 1984, con un libro in cui proponeva di costruire semplici robot per «sintetizzare» comportamenti complessi che un osservatore esterno avrebbe attribuito a stati mentali come la paura, laggressività, la curiosità. Era un primo passo verso una modellazione in silico del vivente. La stessa originalità di impostazione, la stessa verve iconoclasta e lo stesso gusto per le contaminazioni interdisciplinari caratterizzano le sue ricerche sul cervello, nelle quali ha sempre mirato a collegare le funzioni cerebrali ai fenomeni della psicologia. Gli è però rimasto pendente un debito: linserimento del mondo dei segnali e dei messaggi, dei cervelli e delle idee in una visione più generale, senza soluzione di continuità fra le cose biologiche e quelle inanimate. Colmare tale lacuna è un compito per il quale forse non siamo ancora maturi, ma sembra lecito affrontare il problema con un approccio che Braitenberg stesso definisce «presocratico». Ne è una dimostrazione questo libro sorprendente, cui sarà grato anche il lettore non abituato a ragionare in termini di formule matematiche, ma disposto a esercitare la propria fantasia. Un libro che parla con divertita ironia di introspezione e coscienza, del mondo fisico e dellinformazione nel vivente, del sistema nervoso e degli aspetti mentali del cervello, illustrando magistralmente, in poche pagine scintillanti, i meccanismi del pensiero, del linguaggio, della percezione. E che si conclude con il bello, il piacere e il riso.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deAdelphiMilano, ItalyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftother978-88-45922-52-7braitenbVBraitenbergbook6879La vergine e i filosofi: romanzo2006123http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deTraven BooksLaives, FranceBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftother88-89903-07-4braitenbVBraitenbergbook2491Das Bild der Welt im Kopf: Eine Naturgeschichte des Geistes2004250http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergLitMünster, GermanyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftMax Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingende3-8258-7181-9braitenbVBraitenbergbookBraitenberg2004Vehikel: Experimente mit kybernetischen Wesen2004156http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergLitMünster, Germany3-8258-7160-6braitenbVBraitenbergbook6870Il Laboratorio di scienze cognitive dell'Università degli studi di Trento: Saggi e Lavori, Novembre 1999 - Dicembre 2000Il Laboratorio di scienze cognitive dell&lsquo;Università degli studi di Trento: Saggi e Lavori, Novembre 1999 - Dicembre 20002001628http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deUniversità degli studi di TrentoTrento, ItalyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenbergDSelvaticobook454Ill oder Der Engel und die Philosophen19993159http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deHaffmansZürich, SwitzerlandBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde3-251-00424-7braitenbVBraitenbergbook458Wörter, Wörter, Wörter!199940http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergWallstein-VerlagGöttingen, GermanyGöttinger SudelblätterBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde3-89244-334-3SSabinZGahsebraitenbVBraitenbergbook346Cortex: Statistics and Geometry of Neuronal Connectivity1998249http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergSpringerBerlin, GermanyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften3-540-63816-4braitenbVBraitenbergschuezASchüzbook6869Brain Theory: Biological Basis and Computational Principles1996300http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780444820464Braitenberg, V. , A. AertsenElsevierAmsterdam, NetherlandsBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften978-0-444-82046-4AAertsenbraitenbVBraitenbergbook6868Die Natur ist unser Modell von ihr: Forschung und Philosophie ; das Bozner Treffen 19951996224http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deBraitenberg, V. , I. HospRowohltReinbek bei Hamburg, GermanyRororo ; 60254 : Sachbuch : rororo scienceBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde3-499-60254-7braitenbVBraitenbergbook610Il gusto della lingua: Meccanismi cerebrali e strutture grammaticali1996165http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergAlpha & BetaMerano, ItalyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftother88-7223-026-8braitenbVBraitenbergbook6882Simulation: Computer zwischen Experiment und Theorie1995175http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBraitenberg, V. , I. HospRowohltReinbek bei Hamburg, GermanyRororo : Sachbuch : Rororo science ; 9927Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde3-499-19927-0braitenbVBraitenbergIHospbook6866Evolution: Entwicklung und Organisation in der Natur ; das Bozner Treffen 19931994256http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBraitenberg, V. , I. HospRowohltReinbek bei Hamburg, GermanyRororo ; 9706 : Sachbuch : rororo-scienceBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde3-499-19706-5braitenbVBraitenbergIHospbook1453Vehikel: Experimente mit kybernetischen Wesen1993156http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergRowohltReinbek bei Hamburg, GermanyRororo Science ; 9531Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde3-8258-7160-6braitenbVBraitenbergbook6919Information Processing in the Cortex: Experiments and Theory1992477http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBraitenberg, V. , A. AertsenSpringerBerlin, GermanyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften3-540-55391-6AAertsenbraitenbVBraitenbergbook6881Anatomy of the cortex: statistics and geometry1991249http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergSpringerBerlin, GermanyStudies of Brain Function ; 18Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften3-540-53233-110.1007/978-3-662-02728-8braitenbVBraitenbergschuezASchüzbook6877Véhicules: expériences en psychologie synthétique1991171http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergPresses Polytechniques RomandesLausanne, SwitzerlandBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftother2-88074-223-4braitenbVBraitenbergbook6878Il cervello e le idee: saggi sull&lsquo;intelligenza, il linguaggio, la scienza1989231http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deGarzantiMilano, ItalyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftother88-11-59272-0braitenbVBraitenbergbook2494Gescheit sein: und andere unwissenschaftliche Essays1987185http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergHaffmansZürich, SwitzerlandBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde3-251-00112-4braitenbVBraitenbergbook6883Künstliche Wesen1987232http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergTetsugaku ShoboTokyo, JapanBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftother4-88679-013-5, JapanischbraitenbVBraitenbergbook6876Künstliche Wesen: Verhalten kybernetischer Vehikel1986147http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergViewegBraunschweig, GermanyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde3-528-08949-0braitenbVBraitenbergbook6875I veicoli pensanti: saggio di psicologia sintetica1984127http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergGarzantiMilano, ItalyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenbergbook6874Vehicles: experiments in synthetic psychology1984152http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergMIT PressCambridge, MA, USABiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften0-262-02208-7braitenbVBraitenbergbook6873I tessuti intelligenti1980167http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergPaolo BoringhieriTorino, ItalyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftother88-339-0076-2braitenbVBraitenbergbook2493On the Texture of Brains: An introduction to neuroanatomy for the cybernetically minded1977127http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergSpringerNew York, NY, USAHeidelberg Science LibraryBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften0-387-08391-XbraitenbVBraitenbergbook2492Gehirngespinste: Neuroanatomie für kybernetisch Interessierte1973137http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergSpringerBerlin, GermanyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde3-540-06055-3braitenbVBraitenbergbook2495Atlas of the frog&lsquo;s brain196974http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergSpringerBerlin, GermanyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftenMKemalibraitenbVBraitenbergproceedingsBraitenbergR2007Interdisciplinary Approaches to a New Understanding of Cognition and Consciousness2007479http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergForschungsinstitut für Anwendungsorientierte WissensverarbeitungUlm, GermanyMenaggio, ItalyVilla Vigoni Konferenz 1997978-3-9811841-0-5braitenbVBraitenbergFJRadermacherproceedings6885Ricerche teoriche e sperimentali di cibernetica svolte nell'anno accademico 1961-1962 nel Laboritorio di cibernetica presso l'Istitutio di fisica teorica dell'Università di Napoli196471http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheRoma, ItalyQuaderni de La ricerche scientifica ; 11Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftNapoli, Italy-other-braitenbVBraitenbergERCaianielloarticle2066In Defense of the CerebellumAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences200212978175-183The very special intrinsic connectivity of the cerebellar cortex plays but a minor role in present-day theories of cerebellar function, and it is hardly used as a source of inspiration for experiments. It is argued here that a direct translation of structure into physiological relations inescapably leads to some propositions about cerebellar function that could be tested experimentally.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb07565.x/pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb07565.xbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle39Sequential stimulation of rat cerebellar granular layer in vivo: Further evidence of a "tidal-wave" timing mechanism in the cerebellumNeurocomputing2001638-40641-646Here we present evidence that the cerebellar cortex in vivo specifically responds to sequential input to the granular layer, the main input site of the
cerebellar cortex. Ordered sequences of electrical stimuli were delivered through an array of stimulating electrodes in such a way, that an apparent movement
of the stimulus was produced. The parallel fiber population responses to sequential stimuli &lsquo;moving&lsquo; at 7 different velocities (0.1-0.7m/s) and in two different
directions (towards and away from the recording site) were measured extracellularly in the molecular layer. Population responses were maximal when the
stimulus moved towards the recording site at a velocity close to the conduction velocity of parallel fibers. Responses were significantly reduced when the
stimulus velocity was higher or lower. We conclude that the characteristic geometrical arrangement of parallel fibers enables the cerebellum to specifically
detect precise spatio- temporal activity patterns in the messy fiber system. These findings confirm earlier observations made in vitro and shed new light on the
functional interpretation of cerebellar anatomy. Together with recent findings suggesting that precise spatio-temporal activity patterns play a key role in
information processing in the neocortex, the results reported here are particularly important concerning the information exchange between the strongly
interconnected cerebellum and neocortex. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6V10-435KK2K-32-W&_cdi=5660&_user=29041&_pii=S0925231201004210&_origin=search&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F2001&_sk=999599999&view=c&wchp=dGLzVzz-zSkWA&md5=0066f563b9bd167bc1dfdc033c56ba8a&ie=/sdarticle.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1016/S0925-2312(01)00421-0DHeckFSultanbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle32Brain size and number of neurons: An exercise in synthetic neuroanatomy.Journal of Computational Neuroscience2001110171-77Certain remarkable invariances have long been known in comparative neuroanatomy, such as the proportionality between neuronal density and the inverse of the cubic root of brain volume or that between the square root of brain weight and the cubic root of body weight. Very likely these quantitative relations reflect some general principles of the architecture of neuronal networks. Under the assumption that most of brain volume is due to fibers, we propose four abstract models: I, constant fiber length per neuron; II, fiber length proportionate to brain diameter; III, complete set of connections between all neurons; IV, complete set of connections between compartments each containing the square root of the total number of neurons. Model I conforms well to the cerebellar cortex. Model II yields the observed comparative invariances between number of neurons and brain size. Model III is totally unrealistic, while Model IV is compatible with the volume of the hemispheric white substance in different mammalian species.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.springerlink.com/content/urw001q26p140733/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1023/A:1008920127052braitenbVBraitenbergarticle2062Thoughts on the neuronal hardware of languageCognitive Processing200122-3263-278http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftenbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle75Informationsbiologie (Wenn ich heute Postdoc wäre ...)Laborjournal2000918-20http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftdebraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6890Selection, the Impersonal EngineerArtificial Life19981044309-310Reprint of Chapter 6 from Vehicles, Experiments in Synthetic Psychologyhttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1162/106454698568611braitenbVBraitenbergarticle493The detection and generation of sequences as a key to cerebellar function: experiments and theoryBehavioral and Brain Sciences19976202229-245http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&pdftype=1&fid=29232&jid=BBS&volumeId=20&issueId=&aid=29231Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftenbraitenbVBraitenbergDHeckFSultanarticle494Waiting for the ultimate theory of the cerebellumBehavioral and Brain Sciences19976202267-271Although our idea of sequential input being a key to cerebellar function was taken seriously by most commentators, there were also objections,
based in part on experimental evidence that seems to contradict our intuitions and in part on commentators&lsquo; preferences for different schemes. Several were
suspicious of experiments (performed on slices of cerebellar tissue) that may have severed some of the synaptic connections, particularly the inhibitory ones. It is
our feeling that a modification of our theory that could satisfy most critics would not have to be very radical.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftenbraitenbVBraitenbergDHeckFSultanarticle353Searching for language mechanisms in the brainCybernetics and Systems19974283187-213http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.informaworld.com/smpp/ftinterface~content=a713835832~fulltext=713240930~frm=contentBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1080/019697297126146braitenbVBraitenbergarticle6861L&lsquo;imitazione degli automi naturaliSistemi e Impresa199310391013-15http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6859Shapes and sizes of different mammalian cerebella: A study in quantitative comparative neuroanatomyJournal für Hirnforschung1993134179-92The shape of the cerebellar cortex in fourteen mammalian species and one bird was studied by careful dissection, counts of the numbers of folia, and measurement of their length. All mammalian cerebella conformed to the same general plan, with an anterior region where folia are continuous between right and left, and three separate posterior appendages. There were, however, considerable differences between species, both in the relative length of the posterior appendages and in the relative abundance of folia on the midline compared to the lateral portions. In order to discover general laws referring to the width and length of the cerebellar cortex in their relation to body weight, cerebellar weight, and area of cerebellar cortex, an allometric analysis was performed. By plotting the values for the various species on log-log diagrams, the following statements can be inferred: 1. The weight of the cerebellar cortex is proportionate to the body weight to the power of 0.72, well comparable to the classical proportionality between brain weight and body weight to the power of 2/3 (Jerison 1973). 2. Cerebellar area and cerebellar weight are proportionate in larger animals, but in the smaller species the thickness of the cerebellar cortex varies and therefore a different dependence is valid. 3. The width of the cerebellar cortex increases with body size in the smaller species but tends to remain constant in the larger ones. 4. The longest anterior-posterior extension in our collection was measured in the bovine cerebellum. 5. The position of man in our collection of species is particular in several ways. The width of the human cerebellum is far greater than allometric relations established for the other species would suggest. Also, the vermal length of man falls short of the allometric rule established for the other species.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftenFSultanbraitenbVBraitenbergarticleBraitenberg1993The cerebellar network: attempt at a formalization of its structureNetwork199314111-17The well defined histology of the cerebellar cortex makes it possible to translate its structure directly into statements about the transformation of cerebellar input into output. In the system of ‘parallel fibres’ the input activity is shifted in space and time in an anisotropic way. One consequence of this is that input patterns moving across the cerebellar cortex at a velocity corresponding to that of conduction in parallel fibres should elicit a much larger response than static input.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1088/0954-898X_4_1_002braitenbVBraitenbergarticle6891Entwurf einer neurologischen Theorie der SpracheNaturwissenschaften19923793103-117http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.springerlink.com/content/mt80u05511m11793/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde10.1007/BF01131538braitenbVBraitenbergFPulvermüllerarticle6917Why is the output of the cerebellum inhibitory?Behavioral and Brain Sciences199215715-717http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftenbraitenbVBraitenbergHPreisslarticle6926Reading the structure of brainsNetwork19901111-11It is a fashionable philosophical tenet to consider Darwinian evolution as a process which incorporates knowledge into brains. We ask ourselves: can this knowledge about the world be recognised in the structure of brains? The present article gives a partial answer to this. Mechanisms of information handling and storage may well be related to the impressive major cortices of the vertebrate brain, the cerebral and the cerebellar cortices. The structure of the first fits the idea of an associative memory while the second strongly suggests computation of movement in terms of velocities. In some insect brains the mechanisms of visual perception can be related to detailed neuroanatomical structure, and one such network incorporates knowledge about the optics of a camera-type eye. Another one provides the wiring that would be expected in a set of velocity detectors using the principle of cross-correlation of neighbouring inputs.
Knowledge acquired during a lifetime is also laid down in brains but the search for the engram in the structure of brains has not yet been very successful.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://informahealthcare.com/doi/pdf/10.1088/0954-898X_1_1_001Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftenbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6924La corteccia cerebrale come sede di memoria associativaSistemi Intelligenti19902213-227http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle1785Cortex: hohe Ordnung oder grösstmögliches Durcheinander?Spektrum der Wissenschaft198951989574-86http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftdebraitenbVBraitenbergschuezASchüzarticle6928Der Wurm im IchKursbuch19899539-45http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftdebraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6932Monistische MeditationenKursbuch198891161-171http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftdebraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6945Lalula: das Nichtverstandenwerden und die SpracheKursbuch19868452-56http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftdebraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6944Sieben Schnitte durch die WissenschaftDas Fenster: Tiroler Kulturzeitschrift198619863863-3866http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftdebraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6958Gescheit sein!Kursbuch1985801-9http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftdebraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6960Tentakeln des GeistesKursbuch19847835-45http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftdebraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6966Alla ricerca di morfemi all&lsquo;interno del cervelloGiornale Italiano di Psicologia19833521-541http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6963The cerebellum revisitedJournal of Theoretical Neurobiology19832237-241http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftenbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6968Das Gehirn: die graue Eminenz des VerhaltensDas Fenster: Tiroler Kulturzeitschrift1982313114-3120http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftdebraitenbVBraitenbergarticle3907Geometry of orientation columns in the visual cortexBiological Cybernetics19798333179-186The optimal direction of lines in the visual field to which neurons in the visual cortex respond changes in a regular way when the recording electrode progresses tangentially through the cortex (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962). It is possible to reconstruct the field of orientations from long, sometimes multiple parallel penetrations (Hubel and Wiesel, 1974; Albus, 1975) by assuming that the orientations are arranged radially around centers. A method is developed which makes it possible to define uniquely the position of the centers in the vicinity of the electrode track. They turn out to be spaced at distances of about 0.5 mm and may be tentatively identified with the positions of the giant cells of Meynert.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/files/publications/Geometry%20of%20Orientation%20Columns%20in%20the%20Visual%20Cortex_3907[0].pdfhttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.springerlink.com/content/g7k5231q522r6354/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1007/BF00337296braitenbVBraitenbergCBraitenbergarticle6892The concept of symmetry in neuroanatomyAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences19779299186-196http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb41906.x/pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb41906.xbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6893Some peculiar synaptic complexes in the first visual ganglion of the fly, Musca domesticaCell and Tissue Research1976101733287-308In the lamina ganglionaris, the first optic ganglion of the fly, the inventory of cell types as well as the patterns of their connections are well known from light microscopic investigations. Even the synaptic contacts are known with relative completeness. However, the structural details visible on electron micrographs are very difficult to interpret in functional terms. This paper concentrates on two aspects: 1) the synaptic complex between a retinula cell axon and four postsynaptic elements, arranged in a constant elongated array (it is suggested that all synapses in which the retinula cell is presynaptic are of this kind), and 2) the ldquognarlrdquo complex in which a presynaptic specialization in one neuron is separated from another neuron by a complicated glial invagination. The participation of glia at postsynaptic sites seems to be quite common in this ganglion. Occasionally it seems that a glia cell is the only postsynaptic partner facing a presynaptic specialization within a neuron.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.springerlink.com/content/w780623121953444/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1007/BF00220317WBurkhardtbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6895Letter to the editorNeuroscience Letters19751216351-351http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6T0G-484MF2W-B-1&_cdi=4862&_user=29041&_pii=0304394075900257&_origin=search&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1975&_sk=999989993&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlW-zSkWb&md5=c65bec5f3f1cf324f476a815401c8126&ie=/sdarticle.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1016/0304-3940(75)90025-7braitenbVBraitenbergarticle6896Thoughts on the cerebral cortexJournal of Theoretical Biology19748462421-427http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6WMD-4F1SV94-BV-1&_cdi=6932&_user=29041&_pii=0022519374900071&_origin=search&_coverDate=08%2F31%2F1974&_sk=999539997&view=c&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkWb&md5=e9fcc7e7cfb9a4bb441ee1883747421e&ie=/sdarticle.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1016/0022-5193(74)90007-1braitenbVBraitenbergarticle6983A regular net of reciprocal synapses in the visual system of the fly, Musca domesticaJournal of Comparative Physiology1974390125-31In the first visual ganglion of the fly (Musca domestica) there are many similar visual channels (ldquocartridgesrdquo), connected to each other by various systems of fibers, the most regular of which consists of the collateral branches of the L4 neuron, which is contained in each cartridge.
The three collaterals of L4 run to three different cartridges, one of which is the parent cartridge of the neuron, the other two being neighbours of that cartridge in two directions of an hexagonal array (Figs. 1a, 3).
Within each cartridge there are thus the endings of three collaterals (from three different L4 neurons). These make close physical contact, and serial sectioning shows that each collateral is presynaptic to the other two (Fig. 2). It follows that there are reciprocal synapses between any pair of these collaterals.
The network of relationships thus set up is the simplest scheme of coupling in a hexagonal array (Fig. 1a, b, c).http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.springerlink.com/content/p64625j08275l75r/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1007/BF00698364braitenbVBraitenbergPDebbagearticle6897Remarks on the Texture of BrainsInternational Journal of Neuroscience19737615-6http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://informahealthcare.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/00207457309147178Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftenbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6898Patterns of projection in the visual system of the fly II: Quantitative aspects of second order neurons in relation to models of movement perceptionExperimental Brain Research197212162184-209A method was developed for the numbering of the 3,000 subunits of the lamina ganglionaris on eleotronmicroscopical preparations. Thus measurements of fiber size could be related to the position of the elements on a map of the ganglion. A striking gradient of the thickness of one of the lamina neurons, L3, was found to be correlated with the size of the corresponding lenses of the compound eye. The size of two more second order neurons, L1 and L2 also varies depending on their position in the ganglion, but according to a pattern different from that of the variation of L3. These findings are discussed in connexion with current models of movement perception in the fly.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.springerlink.com/content/k0594848xn63m2m7/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1007/BF00233996braitenbVBraitenbergHHauser-Holschuharticle6899Ordnung und Orientierung der Elemente im Sehsystem der FliegeKybernetik19701276235-242The neural elements in the visual ganglia of insects show an uncommonly high degree of order. The mapping of the array of sensory elements in the periphery (of sampling points in the visual space) onto four successive levels of the ganglionic chain can be quite precisely described, each neuron in the ganglia being related to a point, or a set of points, in the visual field. Also some of the fibers which connect neurons related to different visual-space-points are very precisely oriented. One of these sets of fibers oriented obliquely appear to match the interactions postulated on the basis of one of Götz&lsquo;s (1968) models of movement perception in flies. Some embryological questions are also raised by the high degree of order and by the curious mirror symmetry with respect to the mid-sagittal plane on one hand and to the equatorial plane on the other, which pervades the whole system.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.springerlink.com/content/hm5768360485628h/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde10.1007/BF00272661braitenbVBraitenbergarticle6989The compound eye of the fly (Musca domestica): connections between the cartridges of the lamina ganglionarisZeitschrift für Vergleichende Physiologie1970670295-104In addition to the three first order interneurons (L1, L2, L3) which are present in each optic cartridge of the lamina, a fourth type of interneuron (L4) has been discovered whose collaterals to other cartridges compose an orderly network arrangement of fibres under the lamina&lsquo;s inner face.Zusätzlich zu den drei Interneuronen erster Ordnung (L1, L2, L3), die in jeder ldquorCartridgeldquo der Lamina vorkommen, wurde ein vierter Interneuronentyp (L4) gefunden, dessen zu anderen Cartridges gerichtete Kollateralen ein regelmäßig angeordnetes Fasernetz an der Innenseite der Lamina bilden.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.springerlink.com/content/p73l526226h24518/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1007/BF00297712NJStrausfeldbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6900Exceptions to bilateral symmetry in the epithalamus of lower vertebratesJournal of Comparative Neurology197021382137-146Fifty series of sections through the frog&lsquo;s brain, four series of the newt&lsquo;s brain and two series of the eel&lsquo;s brain were searched for asymmetries in the epithalamic region. Marked differences between the right and left habenular nuclei were found in all cases, in the sense that the left one had a more lobate structure than its right counterpart.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cne.901380203/pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1002/cne.901380203braitenbVBraitenbergMKemaliarticle6990Hirnforschung zwischen Lokalisationslehre und SystemanalyseAttempto197035-3643-48http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftdebraitenbVBraitenbergarticle1728Auslösung von Elementarprozessen durch einzelne Lichtquanten im Fliegenauge: Verhaltensexperimente an der Stubenfliege MuscaKybernetik19681154148-169http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://springerlink.metapress.com/content/kw1q4724353x1747/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde10.1007/BF00271248wreichardtWReichardtbraitenbVBraitenbergGWeidelarticle7007Contributi tecnici e concettuali dell'elettronica allo studio dei cervelli viventiAtti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei1968365110211-217http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle3401Optische und neurale Projektion der Umwelt auf die Ganglien im Komplexauge der FliegeMitteilungen der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft196819683185-206http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment KirschfeldDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftMPI f. biol. Kybernetik, TübingendebraitenbVBraitenbergkunoKKirschfeldarticle6901Correlation of CrystaL Growth with the Staining of Axons by the Golgi ProcedureStain Technology196711426277-283The surface of the specimens subjected to a modified Golgi technique (formalin fixed material; specimens in the following solution for 8-10 days at 27 C: 3% K2Cr2O7, 100 ml, with the addition of 2.5-10 ml of 10% formalin and 6-25 gm of sucrose; then in 0.75% AgNO3 for at least 2 days at 27 C) is sometimes covered with a fur of filamentous crystals and sometimes with a powdery precipitate of laminar crystals. In a series of experiments in which about 500 blocks of tissue were treated with variations of the staining procedure, good axonal stain was positively correlated with the appearance of filamentous crystals. These filaments have a thickness of 1-4 &#956; and grow at a rate of 160-330 &#956;/hr, reaching a length of 2-7 mm.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://informahealthcare.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/10520296709115026Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftenbraitenbVBraitenbergVGuglielmottiESadaarticle6903On the use of theories, models and cybernetical toys in brain researchBrain Research19671062201-216http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6SYR-484M7DR-VB-1&_cdi=4841&_user=29041&_pii=0006899367901916&_origin=browse&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F1967&_sk=999939997&view=c&wchp=dGLbVzz-zSkWA&md5=26a4931a483052d5ae3df74f35413e53&ie=/sdarticle.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1016/0006-8993(67)90191-6braitenbVBraitenbergarticle6905Patterns of projection in the visual system of the fly. I. Retina-lamina projectionsExperimental Brain Research1967333271-298In each compound eye of the fly about 3200 ommatidia are arranged in a peculiarly distorted hexagonal array. Each ommatidium contains 7+1 rhabdomeres arranged in the asymmetrical pattern of the retinula. 7 fibers leaving each ommatidium are distributed onto 7 synaptic sites in the first optic ganglion (lamina ganglionaris), again arranged asymmetrically around the axis of the ommatidium. Taking into account the distortion of the macroscopical array and considering Kirschfeld&lsquo;s findings on the optical properties of the ommatidial lens, this complicated pattern of projection can be explained by the simple principle that all the fibers carrying information from the same point of the optical environment are united into one synaptic site of the lamina ganglionaris.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.springerlink.com/content/h252720747g22367/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1007/BF00235589braitenbVBraitenbergarticle6910Unsymmetrische Projektion der Retinulazellen auf die Lamina ganglionaris bei der Fliege Musca domesticaZeitschrift für Vergleichende Physiologie19666522212-214http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.springerlink.com/content/t75m57108r3333t9/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde10.1007/BF00343161braitenbVBraitenbergarticle6906Landing reaction of musca domestica induced by visual stimuliNaturwissenschaften19663536155-155http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.springerlink.com/content/q46461563mq22h52/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1007/BF00591892braitenbVBraitenbergCTFerrettiarticle6907Electroencephalographic evidence of "Gestalt" in the perception of movement by the frogKybernetik19651026284-287Some records, obtained from the surface of the optic tectum of the frog with moving visual stimuli are presented as evidence of a global oscillation of the tectal activity whose time course is specific for different patterns of stimulation.
The research reported in this document has been sponsored by the 6570th Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory under grant AF EOAR 65-44 through the European Office of Aerospace Research (OAR), United States Air Force.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.springerlink.com/content/v20w84hx37760562/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1007/BF00274091braitenbVBraitenbergarticle6908Observations on spike sequences from spontaneously active Purkinje cells in the frogKybernetik1965625197-205http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.springerlink.com/content/n221q7p1182585p5/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1007/BF00306415braitenbVBraitenbergGGambardellaGGhigoUVotaarticle6909What can be learned from spike interval histograms about synaptic mechanismsJournal of Theoretical Biology1965583419-425The distribution of intervals between successive spikes in the output of a cerebellar neuron of the frog can be readily obtained. It is reasonable to assume that the distribution of levels of excitation in the input of the neuron be Gaussian. From the comparison of the two distributions the function can be inferred which relates inter-spike intervals to levels of afferent excitation. The function obtained is in good agreement with some well-known curves describing the variation of the threshold after each spike, suggesting that the mechanisms by which spike sequences are generated is essentially based on this threshold variation.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6WMD-4F1SV94-GT-1&_cdi=6932&_user=29041&_pii=0022519365900202&_origin=browse&_coverDate=05%2F31%2F1965&_sk=999919996&view=c&wchp=dGLzVzb-zSkzV&md5=ebc3f574e0c708165b041e0c85f17a1f&ie=/sdarticle.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1016/0022-5193(65)90020-2braitenbVBraitenbergarticle7011Osservazioni sul metodo cromoargentico di GolgiLaboratorio Scientifico196412365-72http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenbergESadaarticle7014Considerazioni cibernetiche sulla logicaScientia196398233-238http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6912A note on myeloarchitectonicsJournal of Comparative Neurology196241182141-156http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cne.901180202/pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1002/cne.901180202braitenbVBraitenbergarticle7001Functional Interpretation of Cerebellar HistologyNature196151904775539-540http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v190/n4775/pdf/190539b0.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1038/190539b0braitenbVBraitenbergarticle7002Funktionelle Deutung von Strukturen in der grauen Substanz des NervensystemsNaturwissenschaften196114814489-496http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.springerlink.com/content/w256735n687l611q/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftdebraitenbVBraitenbergarticle7027Sulle possibili ragioni dell&lsquo;eccellenza dei cervelli naturali rispetto a quelli artificialiScientia1961551-5http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle7028Toward a mathematical description of the grey substance of nervous systemsIl Nuovo Cimento19601018Supplement 2149-165http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://springerlink.com/content/m7j682150381871v/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1007/BF02783537braitenbVBraitenbergFLauriaarticle7029Morphology of nerve netsIl Nuovo Cimento1959913Supplement 2521-531http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://springerlink.com/content/m761462743g6h137/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1007/BF02724683braitenbVBraitenbergarticle7030A system of coupled oscillators as a functional model of neuronal assembliesIl Nuovo Cimento19591112278-282http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://springerlink.com/content/b3l1807l488584k3/fulltext.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1007/BF02859721braitenbVBraitenbergERCaianielloFLauriaNOnestoarticle7031L&lsquo;imitazione degli automi naturaliMethodos1959111-9http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6913Morphological observations on the cerebellar cortexJournal of Comparative Neurology1958210911-33http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cne.901090102/pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1002/cne.901090102braitenbVBraitenbergRPAtwoodarticle6914Malattia demielinizzante tipo Schilder a decorso acutissimoRivista di Neurologia195510255771-786http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/files/publications/RivNeurologia-1955-25-55_6914[0].pdfhttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenbergBCallieriarticle7035Il metodo più rapido di colorazione delle fibre mielinicheLaboratorio Scientifico19553365http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenbergarticle7034Storia dei bromuri e dei composti organici di sintesi nella cura dell&lsquo;epilessiaRecenti Progressi in Medicina195519419-433http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherGSpaccarellibraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6915Zur Frage der anatomischen Veränderungen des Gehirns bei SchizophrenieMünchener Medizinische Wochenschrift195449614365-367http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftdebraitenbVBraitenbergarticle6916Sugli astrocitomi diffusiRivista di Neurologia1953423297-126http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/files/publications/RivNeurologia-1953-23-53_6916[0].pdfhttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherAEderlibraitenbVBraitenbergarticle7037Sulle strie orizzontali della corteccia cerebraleIl Lavoro Neuropsichiatrico195313398-409http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenberginproceedingsBraitenbergR2007_2Elementary Neural Mechanisms for Linguistic Modelling2007-http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBraitenberg, V. , F.J. RadermacherForschungsinstitut für Anwendungsorientierte WissensverarbeitungUlm, GermanyInterdisciplinary approaches to a new understanding of cognition and consciousnessMenaggio, ItalyVilla Vigoni Konferenz 1997978-3-9811841-0-5braitenbVBraitenbergFJRadermacherinproceedings6921The cerebellar networkProceedings of the Second International Symposium on Conceptual Tools for Understanding Nature1995-http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergCosta, G. , G. Calucci, M. GiorgiWorld ScientificSingaporeBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftTrieste, ItalySecond International Symposium on Conceptual Tools for Understanding Nature 1992en981-02-2144-4braitenbVBraitenberginproceedings1779Constraints to a random plan of cortical connectivityStructural and functional organization of the neocortex: proceedings of a symposium in the memory of Otto D. Creutzfeldt, May 19931994161-169http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergAlbowitz, B. , U. Kuhnt, H.C. Nothdurft, P. WahleSpringerBerlin, GermanyStructural and Functional Organization of the NeocortexBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftGöttingen, GermanySymposium in the Memory of Otto D. Creutzfeldt 1993en978-3-642-78501-6schuezASchüzbraitenbVBraitenberginproceedings1783Basic features of cortical connectivity and some considerations on languageLanguage Origin: a Multidisciplinary Approach199289-102http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergWind, J. , B. Chiarelli, B. H. Bichakjian, A. Nocentini, A. JonkerKluwerDordrecht, NetherlandsLanguage Origin: a Multidisciplinary ApproachBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftCortona, ItalyNATO Advanced Study Institute on Language Origin: a Multidisciplinary Approach 1988en0-7923-1369-0braitenbVBraitenbergschuezASchüzinproceedings6922Logics at different levels in the brainAtti del Congresso Nuovi Problemi della Logica e della Filosofia della Scienza1991-http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergConstantini, D. , M. C. Gavalotti, G. Corsi, G. SambinCLUEBBologna, ItalyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftViareggio, ItalyCongresso Nuovi Problemi della Logica e della Filosofia della Scienza 1990en88-491-0419-7braitenbVBraitenberginproceedings6929Some Types of MovementsArtificial life: the Proceedings of an Interdisciplinary Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems1988555-565http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.defileadmin/user_upload/files/publications/Some_types_of_movements.pdfhttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergLangton, C. G.Addison-WesleyRedwood City, CA, USABiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftLos Alamos, NM, USAInterdisciplinary Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systemsen0-201-09346-4braitenbVBraitenberginproceedings6933Some problems in brain science awaiting theoretical treatmentPhysics of cognitive processes: Amalfi 1986198775-78http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergCaianiello, E. R.World ScientificSingaporeBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftAmalfi, ItalyPhysics of cognitive processes: Amalfi 1986en9971-50-255-0braitenbVBraitenberginproceedings6935Describing the brain in logical terms or the logical terms in the brainAtti del Congresso Nuovi Problemi della Logica e della Filosofia della Scienza198627-32http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergAbrusci, V.M.CLUEBBologna, ItalyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftSan Gimignano, ItalyCongresso Logica e Filosofia della Scienza Oggi 1983enbraitenbVBraitenbergGPalminproceedings6947Two views of the cerebral cortexBrain theory : proceedings of the 1st Trieste Meeting on Brain Theory, Oct. 1 - 4, 1984198681-96The cerebral cortex, one half of the cerebral grey substance in mice and men, is what any detailed theory of the workings of the nervous system ought to explain, or at least, ought to make use of. In fact, theoretical papers ranging from 1943 to 1985 and from rather realistic views to frankly speculative constructs have made explicit reference to the cortex and perhaps even have influenced the ideas of some experimenters. Cortical anatomists and physiologists, in turn, learned to shape their findings so as to make them acceptable to the theoreticians. The resulting situation of reciprocal positive feedback had some stable solutions:
The random network with or without learning. Lashley’s philosophy is of this category, as is Hebb’s theory of cell assemblies. Rosenblatt’s perceptron is also a descendant.
The circuit diagram in the spirit of radio engineering. The amplifier entered neurophysiology from communication engineering and with it came various ideas, the most enticing being that of functional secrets embodied in loops of wires connecting tubes, condensers and the like. The neuroanatomists responded quickly with loops of fibres connecting various sorts of neurons in the cortex (Lorente de No and others).
The digital computer and a logical theory of nerve nets. This was soon recognized as a misleading analogy, but the digital computer has at any rate among all models of cortical function the unique distinction of being a very useful machine. And the theory formulated by McCulloch and Pitts (1956), made more palatable by Kleene (1956), lent the brain a flair of almightiness which was gratefully recognized by many.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-642-70911-1_6.pdfPalm, G. , A. AertsenSpringerBerlin, GermanyBrain TheoryBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftTrieste, ItalyFirst Trieste Meeting on Brain Theory 1984en978-3-642-70913-510.1007/978-3-642-70911-1_6braitenbVBraitenberginproceedings6969Outline of a theory of the cerebral cortexBiomathematics in 1980 : papers presented at a workshop on Biomathematics19824127-132This chapter presents an outline of a theory of the cerebral cortex. The number of cells in both hemispheres of the cerebral cortex of man amounts to about 1010. The majority of these belong to a type called the “pyramidal cell.” It is characterized, among other things, by an axon leaving the cortex at one point to re-enter it at another and to make synaptic connections there. The great internal complexity, compared to the complexity of the input and the output, is characteristic for the cerebral cortex. The fact that the cortex of man (and of other mammals) is the largest piece of gray matter of the whole brain is related to this complexity. The optic tectum, the most impressive cortex of lower vertebrates, is far less complex: the number of neurons in the (frog) tectum is about the same as the number of afferent fibers.North-Holland Mathematics Studies Vol. 58http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenbergwww.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304020808712349Ricciardi, L. M., A. ScottNorth Holland Publ.Amsterdam, NetherlandsBiomathematics in 1980Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftSalerno, ItalyWorkshop on Biomathematics: Current Status and Future Perspectivesen0-444-86355-910.1016/S0304-0208(08)71234-9braitenbVBraitenberginproceedings6970A selection of facts and conjectures about the cerebral cortex inspired by the theory of cell assembliesAdvances in Physiological Sciences: Proceedings of the 30th International Congress of Physiological Sciences1981287-289http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergSzekely, G. , E. Labos, S. DamjanovichPergamon PressOxford, UKNeural Communication and ControlBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftDebrecen, Hungary28th International Congress of Physiological Sciences 1980en0-08-027351-3braitenbVBraitenberginproceedings6971Anatomical basis for divergence, convergence and integration in the cerebral cortexSensory Functions: Proceedings of the 28th International Congress of Physiological Sciences1981411-420http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergGrastyan, E. , P. MolnarPergamon PressOxford, UKSensory FunctionsBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftDebrecen, Hungary28th International Congress of Physiological Sciences 1980en0-08-027337-8braitenbVBraitenberginproceedings6973Skizze einer Theorie der GrosshirnrindeVerhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft: auf der 73. Jahresversammlung19796201-206http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergRathmayer, W.FischerStuttgart, GermanyVerhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen GesellschaftBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftRegensburg, Germany72. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Zoologischen GesellschaftdebraitenbVBraitenberginproceedings6978Cell assemblies in the cerebral cortexTheoretical approaches to complex systems: Proceedings, Tübingen, June 11-12, 19771978171-188To say that an animal responds to sensory stimuli may not be the most natural and efficient way to describe behaviour. Rather, it appears that animals most of the time react to situations, to opponents or things which they actively isolate from their environment, Situations, things, partners or opponents are, in a way, the terms of behaviour. It is legitimate, therefore, to ask what phenomena correspond to them in the internal activity of the brain, or, in other words: how are the meaningful chunks of experience “represented” in the brain?http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.defileadmin/user_upload/files/publications/Theoretical-Approaches-to-Complex-Systems-1977-Braitenberg-171.pdfhttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-642-93083-6_9.pdfHeim, R. , G. PalmSpringerBerlin, GermanyTheoretical Approaches to Complex SystemsBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftTübingen, GermanySymposium Theoretical Approaches to Complex Systems 1977en3-540-08757-510.1007/978-3-642-93083-6_9braitenbVBraitenberginproceedings6894Real Neural NetworksProgress in Brain Research1976197-205http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B7CV6-4S0GJW3-M-1&_cdi=18070&_user=29041&_pii=S0079612308609917&_origin=search&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1976&_sk=999549999&view=c&wchp=dGLbVzW-zSkzS&md5=f1ce9320fd720ab23e2bef4c4dc2e5db&ie=/sdarticle.pdfCorner, M.A. , D.F. SwaabElsevierAmsterdam, NetherlandsPerspectives in brain researchBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftAmsterdam, Netherlands9th International Summer School of Brain Research 1975en0-444-41457-610.1016/S0079-6123(08)60991-7braitenbVBraitenberginproceedings6981The cerebral cortex from a neuroanatomical vantage pointProceedings of the 1975 International Conference on Cybernetics and Society19759114-116http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergIEEENew York, NY, USABiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftInstitute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersSan Francisco, CA, USA1975 International Conference on Cybernetics and SocietyenbraitenbVBraitenberginproceedings6982On the representation of objects and their relations in the brainPhysics and mathematics of the nervous system : proceedings of a Summer School, held at Trieste, August 21-31, 19731974290-298Situations within the central nervous system are elusive when we try to render them in anything more abstract than approximate verbal descriptions. A description in terms of ionic movements through cell membranes, for example, might be useful when dealing with information transmission in sense cells but becomes unwieldy if applied to situations involving many neurons of the brain. Attempts at applying the formalism of a logical calculus, inspired by the success of binary algebra in dealing with switching networks, seem to impose a restriction on the working of neurons (e.g. by assuming discrete time) which is not justified by electrophysiology. Occasionally an insight may be gained by reasoning in terms of channel capacity, amount of information and redundancy, but this language again seems more successful in the analysis of peripheral sensory events than in the study of central processes.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-642-80885-2_15.pdfConrad, M. , W. Güttinger, M. Dal CinSpringerBerlin, GermanyPhysics and Mathematics of the Nervous SystemBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftTrieste, ItalySummer School organized by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, and the Institute for Information Sciences, University of Tübingen 1973en3-540-07014-110.1007/978-3-642-80885-2_15braitenbVBraitenberginproceedings6988Periodic structures and structural gradients in the visual ganglia of the flyInformation processing in the visual systems of arthropods : symposium held at the Department of Zoology, University of Zurich, March 6-9, 1972197233-15The orderly projection of the visual space onto the visual ganglia and of the planes of the four visual ganglia onto each other is briefly reviewed. The variation of the size of some of the elements in the eye and of the ganglia is then described. This variation follows different gradients for different elements. The gradient of the size of the lenses in the cornea and that of the thickness of the L3 fiber in the lamina have a similar shape, with a maximum near the anterior border of the eye. The thickness of L1 and L2 follow a different rule. A correlation of these gradients with some variations of the efficiency of visual stimuli in different regions of the visual field leads to a tentative proposal for the role of the laminar neurons L1, L2 and L3 in perception.
This paper is organized in tow section. In the first, I shall collect information about the structures of the eye and the visual ganglia of the fly, insofar as they fit into the periodic scheme which makes the mapping of the various levels onto each other possible. In the second part, on the background of this periodic structure we shall discuss some striking quantitative variations which follow warious gradients throughout the visual system. This second part is largely drawm from a paper written together with H. HAUSER, which is now in press.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-642-65477-0_2.pdfWehner, R.SpringerBerlin, GermanyInformation Processing in the Visual Systems of AnthropodsBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftZürich, SwitzerlandSymposium on Information Processing in the Visual Systems of Anthropodsen978-3-540-06020-810.1007/978-3-642-65477-0_2braitenbVBraitenberginproceedings6987Comparison of different cortices as a basis for speculations on their functionSynchronization of EEG activity in epilepsies : a symposium organized by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria September 12-13, 197119721-8For several years I have been interested in the visual ganglia of the fly and in their role as an automatic pilot during the flight of this humble animal. Very generously the organizers of this meeting, gave me an opportunity to participate even if I could not bring any evidence of seizures in flies. I feel it is only fair, then, that I should repay their magnanimous view of the field of neurology with some remarks sufficiently broad to embrace both flies and men. I shall use the concept of cortex as a convenient bridge between such distant objects of research.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-7091-8306-9_1.pdfPeitsche, H. , M. A.B. BrazierSpringerWien , AustriaSynchronization of EEG activity in epilepsiesBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftWien, AustriaSymposium on Synchronization of EEG Activity in Epilepsies 1971en978-3-7091-8308-310.1007/978-3-7091-8306-9_1braitenbVBraitenberginproceedings6984In search of the neurological wiring responsible for optomotor reactions in insectsProceedings of the III. International Symposium on Biocybernetics197293-97http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergDrischel, H. , P. DettmarVEB FischerJena, German Democratic RepublicBiocybernetics Vol. 4Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftLeipzig, German Democratic RepublicIII. International Symposium on Biocybernetics, Satellite Symposium of the XXVth International Congress of Physiological Sciences 1971enbraitenbVBraitenberginproceedings7005What sort of computer do we expect to find associated with the compound eye of flying insects?Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Biocybernetics1972215-220http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergVEB FischerJena, German Democratic RepublicBiocybernetics Vol. 4Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftLeipzig, German Democratic RepublicIII. International Symposium on Biocybernetics, Satellite Symposium of the XXVth International Congress of Physiological Sciences 1971enbraitenbVBraitenberginproceedings7003The structure of the visual ganglia in relation to studies on movement perception in the flyAtti del Congresso di Cibernetica19711042-53http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBaldocchi, M. A. , F. LenciLito FeliciPisa, ItalyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftCascania Terme, ItalyCongresso di Cibernetica del Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheenbraitenbVBraitenberginproceedings6994The Anatomical Substratum of Visual Perception in Flies: A Sketch of the Visual GangliaProceedings of the international school of physics "Enrico Fermi ", 15-27 July 1968: Processing of optical data by organisms and by machines1969328-340http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergReichardt, W.Academic PressNew York, NY, USAProcessing of optical data by organisms and machinesBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftVarenna, ItalyInternational School of Physics "Enrico Fermi": Course XLIII, 1968enbraitenbVBraitenberginproceedings7008On chiasmsNeural networks: Proceedings of the School on Neural Networks, June 1967 in Ravello196834-42In many instances we find information reaching the brain from the sense organs again displayed in geometrical order in some space which has one or more coordinates easily identifiable with coordinates of the sensory space represented. This is trivially true for the visual and tactile maps, more interestingly true for the representation of frequencies in the auditory system. Here the metrics of the internal representation, on a space coordinate representing the logarithm of frequency, corresponds even to the subjective metrics of pitch perception and therefore to the metrics of a piano keyboard, as was shown again at this meeting by Evans in the case of the cochlear nucleus. Only for the chemical senses, olfaction and taste, we have no clue yet as to the meaning of the coordinates of their spatial display within the brain.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-642-87596-0_4.pdfCaianiello, E. R.SpringerBerlin, GermanyNeural NetworksBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftRavello, ItalySchool on Neural Networks 1967en978-3-642-87598-410.1007/978-3-642-87596-0_4braitenbVBraitenberginproceedings6993On the neural optics behind the eye of the flyCybernetic problems in bionics: Bionics Symposium 19661968-http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergOestreicher, H. L. , D. R. MooreGordon and BreachNew York, NY, USACybernetic problems in bionicsBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftDayton, OH, USA7th Bionics Symposium 1966enbraitenbVBraitenberginproceedings7009A note on the control of voluntary movementsCybernetics of neural processes: course held at the International School of Physics, sponsored by NATO at the Istituto di fisica teories, Università di Napoli, April 26 - May 13, 196219651-6http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deCaianiello, E. R.Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheRoma, ItalyCybernetics of neural processesBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftNapoli, ItalyCourse held at the International School of Physics 1962enbraitenbVBraitenberginproceedings7010Rückschlüsse auf die Funktionscharakteristik einzelner Neurone aus der Statistik spontaner SpikefolgenGemeinsame Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Biophysik e.V., der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Reine und Angewandte Biophysik und der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Strahlenbiologie19649-http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deWerner, E.MetropressWien, AustriaBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftWien, AustriaGemeinsame Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Biophysik e.V., der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Reine und Angewandte Biophysik und der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für StrahlenbiologiedebraitenbVBraitenberginproceedings7013Alcuni modelli funzionali della corteccia telencefalica dei MammiferiX. Rassegna Internazionale Elettronica Nucleare e Teleradiocinematografica19636155-182http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deRoma, ItalyL'evoluzione della propulsione spaziale negli anni '70Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftRoma, ItalyX. Convegno Internazionale Tecnico-Scientifico sullo Spazio, XVII Rassegna Internazionale Elettronica Nucleare e TeleradiocinematograficaotherbraitenbVBraitenberginproceedings7015Histology, histonomy, histologicNerve, brain and memory models: Symposium on Cybernetics of the Nervous System which was held as part of the 2. International Meeting of Medical Cybernetics at the Royal Academy of Sciences at Amsterdam from 16 - 18 April, 19621963160-176http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deWiener, N.ElsevierAmsterdam, NetherlandsNerve, brain and memory modelsBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftAmsterdam, NetherlandsSymposium on Cybernetics of the Nervous System, 2nd International Meeting of Medical Cybernetics 1962enbraitenbVBraitenberginproceedings7026The cerebellar cortex as a timing organ: Discussion of an hypothesisAtti del 1. Congresso internazionale di medicina cibernetica: Napoli, 2-5 ottobre 196019623-19http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deSocietà Internazionale di Medicina CiberneticaNapoli, ItalyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftNapoli, Italy1. Congresso Internazionale di Medicina Cibernetica 1960enbraitenbVBraitenbergNOnestoinproceedings7038Ricerche istopatologiche sulla corteccia frontale di schizofreniciProceedings of the 1st International Conference on Neuropathology1952621-626http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/files/publications/Braitenberg_[0].pdfhttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deFlores, A., C. G. Ricquier, I. S. AkselRosenberg & SellierTorino, ItalyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftRoma, Italy1st International Conference on NeuropathologyotherbraitenbVBraitenberginbook3817Remarks on the Semantics of "Information"2006131-38http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.springerlink.com/content/h1x83865344596gn/fulltext.pdfTermini, S.Springer ItaliaMilano, ItalyImagination and Rigor: Essays on Eduardo R. Caianiellos Scientific HeritageBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1007/88-470-0472-1_3braitenbVBraitenberginbookCrespiReghizziB2003Towards a brain compatible theory of syntax based on local testability200317-32Chomsky’s theory of syntax came after criticism of probabilistic associative models of word order in sentences. Immediate constituent structures are plausible but their description by generative grammars has met with difficulties. The type 2 (context-free) grammars account for constituent structure, but already trespass the mathematical capacity required by language, because they generate unnatural mathematical sets: a consequence of being based on recursive function theory. Abstract associative models investigated by formal language theoreticians (Schutzenberger, McNaughton, Papert, Brzozowsky, Simon) are known as locally testable models. A combination of locally testable and constituent structure models is proposed under the name of Associative Language Description, arguing that it equals type 2 grammars in explanatory adequacy, yet is compatible with brain models. Two versions of ALD are exemplified and discussed: one based on modulation, the other on pattern rules. A sketch of brain organization in terms of cell assemblies and synfire chains concludes.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.defileadmin/user_upload/files/publications/Crespi_Braitenberg03.pdfhttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/9780203009642.ch3Martin-Vide, C. , V. MitranaTaylor & FrancisLondon, UKTopics in computer mathematics ; 9Grammars and automata for string processing: from mathematics and computer science to biology, and back0-415-29885-710.1201/9780203009642.ch3SCrespi ReghizzibraitenbVBraitenberginbook1616The Human Cortical White Matter: Quantitative Aspects of Cortico-Cortical Long-Range Connectivity20025377-385http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment LogothetisDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/9780203299296.ch16Schüz, A. , R. MillerTaylor & FrancisLondon, UKCortical areas: unity and diversityBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften978-0-415-27723-510.1201/9780203299296.ch16schuezASchüzbraitenbVBraitenberginbook1196Cerebral cortex: Organization and Function200131634-1660http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment KirschfeldDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/referenceworks/9780080430768Smelser, N. J., P. BaltesElsevierAmsterdam, NetherlandsInternational Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral SciencesBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften0-08-043076-710.1016/B0-08-043076-7/03443-4schuezASchüzbraitenbVBraitenberginbook1433Remarks on the semantics of "information"Il Laboratorio di scienze cognitive dellUniversità degli studi di Trento: Saggi e Lavori, Novembre 1999 - Dicembre 20002001239-241http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBraitenberg, V. , D. SelvaticoUniversità degli Studi di TrentoTrento, ItalyIl Laboratorio di scienze cognitive dell'Università degli studi di Trento: Saggi e Lavori, Novembre 1999 - Dicembre 2000Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftTrento, ItalyenbraitenbVBraitenberginbook1432Sketch of a proof of Goldbach&lsquo;s conjectureIl Laboratorio di scienze cognitive dellUniversità degli studi di Trento: Saggi e Lavori, Novembre 1999 - Dicembre 20002001470-479http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBraitenberg, V. , D. SelvaticoUniversitá degli Studi di TrentoTrento, ItalyIl Laboratorio di scienze cognitive dell'Università degli studi di Trento: Saggi e Lavori, Novembre 1999 - Dicembre 2000Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftTrento, ItalyenbraitenbVBraitenberginbook1434Postlude: The neuroanatomy of time2000391-396http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergMiller, R.Harwood AcademicAmsterdam, NetherlandsTime and the brainBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften90-5823-060-0braitenbVBraitenberginbook601Entspringt die Logik dem Gehirn oder das Gehirn der Logik?1996119-129http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBraitenberg, V. , I. HospRowohltReinbek bei Hamburg, Germanyrororo : Sachbuch : rororo science ; 60254Die Natur ist unser Modell von ihr: Forschung und Philosophie ; das Bozner Treffen 1995Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde3-499-60254-7braitenbVBraitenberginbook602Gehirn (brain)1996211-221http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergStrube, G. , B. BeckerKlett-CottaStuttgart, GermanyWörterbuch der KognitionswissenschaftBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde3-608-91705-5braitenbVBraitenbergschuezASchüzinbook609Psychophysical Mapping of Orientation Sensitivity in the Human Cortex199619-36http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MiamiImageURL&_imagekey=B859T-4PB2V6T-3-1&_cdi=34915&_user=29041&_pii=B9780444820464500468&_check=y&_idxType=TC&view=c&wchp=dGLzVtz-zSkzV&md5=0252761999ada3a0f9cd4c3a738e6e24&ie=/sdarticle.pdfAertsen, A. , V. BraitenbergElsevierAmsterdam, NetherlandsBrain theory: biological basis and computational principlesBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1016/B978-044482046-4/50046-8JMZankerbraitenbVBraitenberginbook6918Why is the output of the cerebellum inhibitory?1994113-115http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergCordo, P. , S. R. HarnadCambridge University PressCambridge, Great BritainMovement controlBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften0-521-45241-4braitenbVBraitenbergHPreisslinbook6865Wie kommen Ideen ins Gehirn?1994153-171http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBraitenberg, V. , I. HospRowohltReinbek bei Hamburg, GermanyRororo ; 9706 : Sachbuch : rororo-scienceEvolution: Entwicklung und Organisation in der Natur ; das Bozner Treffen 1993Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde3-499-19706-5braitenbVBraitenberginbook1780Allgemeine Neuroanatomie1993485-485revised editions in 1995, 1998, 2001 and 2005http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergSchmidt, R.F. , N. BirbaumerSpringerBerlin, GermanyNeuro- und SinnesphysiologieBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde3-540-56238-9braitenbVBraitenbergschuezASchüzinbook6858Intricacies of Movement Control: an essay1993307-307http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/524489/description#descriptionAertsen, A.ElsevierAmsterdam, NetherlandsBrain Theory: Spatio-Temporal Aspects of Brain FunctionBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften0-444-89839-5braitenbVBraitenberginbook3906How Ideas Survive Evidence to the Contrary: a Comment of Data Display and Modelling19926447-450http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/files/publications/How%20ideas%20survive_3906[0].pdfhttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergAertsen, A. , V. BraitenbergSpringerBerlin, GermanyInformation Processing in the Cortex: Experiments and TheoryBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftenbraitenbVBraitenberginbook6920Manifesto of brain science1992473-477Reprinted in: Biology and Computation: a Physists Approach, H. Gutfreund, G. Toulouse (1994), pp.82-86, World
Scientific, Singaporehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergAertsen, A. , V. BraitenbergSpringerBerlin, GermanyInformation Processing in the Cortex: Experiments and TheoryBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftenbraitenbVBraitenberginbook6923Information from structure: a sketch of neuroanatomy1991107-120http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergDomany, E. , J. L. Van Hemmen, K. SchultenSpringerNew York, NY, USAModels of Neural NetworksBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften0-387-51109-1braitenbVBraitenberginbook6925Durch ein schmales Fenster betrachtet19902331-347http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergSloterdijk, P.SuhrkampFrankfurt am Main, GermanyVor der Jahrtausendwende: Bericht zur Lage der ZukunftBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde3-518-11550-2braitenbVBraitenberginbook6927Leggere la struttura del cervello1989195-204Original: Reading the structures of brainshttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergViale, R. , M. A. BodenFeltrinelliMilano, ItalyCampi del sapereMente umana, mente artificialeBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenberginbook6930Some Arguments for a Theory of Cell Assemblies in the Cerebral Cortex1989137-145http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergNadel, L. , L. A. Cooper, P. W. Culicover, R. M. HarnishMIT PressCambridge, MA, USAComputational models of cognition and perceptionNeural connections, mental computationBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften0-262-14042-XbraitenbVBraitenberginbook6934Structural Symmetries of Brains19871176-178http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergAdelman, G.BirkhäuserBoston, MA, USAEncyclopedia of neuroscienceBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften3-7643-3335-9braitenbVBraitenberginbook6931The Cerebellum and the Physics of Movement: Some Speculations1987193-207http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.defileadmin/user_upload/files/publications/The_Cerebellum_and_the_Physics_of_Movement.pdfhttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergGlickstein, M. , C. Yeo, J. SteinPlenum PressNew York, NY, USANATO ASI Series : Ser. A ; 148Cerebellum and neuronal plasticityBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften0-306-42822-9braitenbVBraitenberginbook6946Was das Gehirn mit Information zu tun hat1986205-216http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergFolberth, O. G., C. HacklOldenbourgMünchen, GermanyDer Informationsbegriff in Technik und Wissenschaft: wissenschaftliches Symposium der IBM Deutschland GmbH, 3. - 5. Dezember 1984 in Bad NeuenahrBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde3-486-20163-8braitenbVBraitenberginbook3936Charting the visual cortex198563379-414http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/files/publications/Charting%20the%20Visual%20Cortex_Braitenberg_3936[0].pdfhttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergPeters, A. , E. G. JonesPlenum PressNew York, NY, USACerebral Cortex: Visual CortexBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftenbraitenbVBraitenberginbook6953An isotropic network which implicitly defines orientation columns: discussion of a hypothetis1985479-484http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergRose, D. , V. G. DobsonWileyChichesterModels of the visual cortexBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften0-471-90697-2braitenbVBraitenberginbook6956Associativnaja sistema v kore golovnogo mozga mysi198534-42Associative systems in the cerebral cortex of the mousehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBatuev, A. S.NaukaLeningrad, Soviet UnionAssociativnye sistemy mozgaBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenberginbook6955Kolicestvennye aspekty anatomii kory golovnogo mozga v svete teorii nejronnych ansamblej1985115-118Quantitative aspects of cortical anatomy in the light of the theory of cell assemblieshttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergChorayan, O. G.Rostovskij Gosudarstvennyj UniversitetRostov-na-Donu, Soviet UnionProblemy nejrofiziologii i nejrokibernetikiBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenberginbook6962Das Raster der neuronalen Elemente in der Sehrinde und seine neuro-physiologischen Konsequenzen1984123-133http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergHerzau, V.EnkeStuttgart, GermanyBücherei des Augenarztes ; 98Pathophysiologie des Sehens: Grundlagenforschung und Klinik der visuellen SensorikBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaftde3-432-93881-0braitenbVBraitenberginbook6959Some quantitative aspects of cerebellar anatomy as a guide to speculation on cerebellar functions1984186-200http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBloedel, J. R., J. Dichgans, W. PrechtSpringerBerlin, GermanyProceedings in life sciencesCerebellar FunctionsBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften3-540-13728-9MFahlebraitenbVBraitenberginbook1793Some anatomical comments on the Hippocampus198321-37http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.defileadmin/user_upload/files/publications/Hippocampus_Braitenberg_Schuez.pdfhttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergSeifert, W.Academic PressLondon, UKNeurobiology of the HippocampusBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften0-12-634880-4braitenbVBraitenbergschuezASchüzinbook6972Alcune considerazioni sui meccanismi cerebrali del linguaggio198096-108http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBraga, G. , V. Braitenberg, C. Cipolli, E. Coseriu, S. Crespi-Rhegizzi, J. Mehler, R. TitoneFranco AngeliMilano, ItalyL&lsquo;accostamento interdisciplinare allo studio del linguaggioBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenberginbook6979Cortical architectonics: General and areal1978443-465http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBrazier, M. A.B., H. PetscheRaven PressNew York, NY, USAMonograph series / International Brain Research Organization ; 3Architectonics of the cerebral cortexBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften0-89004-140-7braitenbVBraitenberginbook6974Tentative contributions of neuroanatomy to nerve net theories19783369-374http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergTrappl, R. , G. J. Klir, L. RicciardiWileyNew York, NY, USAProgress in cybernetics and systems researchProgress in cybernetics and systems research: General systems methodology, fuzzy mathematics and fuzzy systems, biocybernetics and theoretical neurobiologyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften0-470-26371-7GPalmbraitenbVBraitenberginbook6980Beyond the wiring diagram of the lamina ganglionaris in the fly1976238-244http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergZettler, F. , D. L. AlkonSpringerBerlin, GermanyProceedings in life sciencesNeural principles in visionBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften3-540-07839-8braitenbVBraitenberginbook6985Golgi methods1973229-232http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergGray, P.Van Nostrand ReinholdNew York, NY, USAThe encyclopedia of microscopy and microtechniqueBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften0-442-22812-0braitenbVBraitenberginbook6986Principles of the mosaic organization in the visual system&lsquo;s neuropil of Musca domestica19737,3,A631-659http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergAutrum, H. , R. JungSpringerBerlin, GermanyHandbook of sensory physiologyCentral processing of visual information, Part A: Integrative functions and comparative dataBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften3-540-05769-2braitenbVBraitenbergNJStrausfeldinbook3430Datenübertragung im Klomplexauge der Fliege1970105-113http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment KirschfeldDepartment BraitenbergFrank, H.Umschau VerlagFrankfurt a. M., Germany7.Kybernetik: Brücke zwischen den WissenschaftenBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftdebraitenbVBraitenbergkunoKKirschfeldinbook7006Models of brain function: Discussion1969768-771http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergJasper, H. H., A. A. Ward, A. PopeLittle, Brown & Co.Boston, MA, USABasic Mechanisms of the epilepsiesBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftenbraitenbVBraitenberginbook6904Is the Cerebellar Cortex a Biological Clock in the Millisecond Range?1967334-346http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079612308609711Fox, C.A. , R.S. SniderElsevierAmsterdam, NetherlandsProgress in Brain Research ; 25The CerebellumBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften978-0-444-40243-110.1016/S0079-6123(08)60971-1braitenbVBraitenberginbook6911Taxis, Kinesis and Decussation1965210-222http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079612308601636Wiener, N. , J.P. SchadéElsevierAmsterdam, NetherlandsProgress in Brain Research ; 17Cybernetics of the Nervous SystemBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften78-0-444-40643-910.1016/S0079-6123(08)60163-6braitenbVBraitenberginbookBraitenberg1964Ricerche di neuroanatomia e fisiologia196443-50http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deBraitenberg, V., E. R. CaianielloConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheRoma, ItalyRicerche teoriche e sperimentali di cibernetica svolte nell'anno accademico 1961-1962 nel Laboritorio di cibernetica presso l'Istitutio di fisica teorica dell'Università di NapoliNapoli, ItalybraitenbVBraitenberginbook7012Some old ideas about the human brain from a recent point of view1964-http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deNorthrop, F. S.C., H. H. LivingstonHarper & RowNew York, NY, USACross-cultural understanding: epistemology in anthropologyBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftenbraitenbVBraitenberginbook7032The brain as a whole195942-64http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deSchaltenbrand, G.ThiemeStuttgart, GermanyEinführung in die stereotaktischen Operationen mit einem Atlas des menschlichen GehirnsBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftenWWahrenbraitenbVBraitenberginbook7033Die Gliederung der Stirnhirnrinde auf Grund ihres Markfaserbaus1956183-203http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deRehwald, E.ThiemeStuttgart, GermanyDas Hirntrauma: Beiträge zur Behandlung, Begutachtung und Betreuung HirnverletzterBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftdebraitenbVBraitenberginbook7036Ponte19557-http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dede Blasi, D.SansoniFirenze, ItalyEnciclopedia medica italianaBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftotherbraitenbVBraitenbergposter4912Hypercolumns vs. pinwheelsNeural Plasticity2007920072325036“Optical imaging” maps of the visual cortex after systematic
application of variously oriented visual stimuli provide an
opportunity to test different hypotheses on the distribution
of orientation sensitive neurons over the surface of the cortex.
Rectilinear “slabs” of uniform orientation, as postulated
in some earlier models, are not supported by the evidence.
What is compatible with the optical imaging maps is the
arrangement of neurons with different orientation around
centers, regularly spaced at distances of about 0.5mm in a
hexagonal array. According to the model proposed by [3],
the orientations to which the neurons are sensitive should
be arranged either radially, or, more likely, like the tangents [1] of circles around said centers, whereby in either case twice the same orientation occurs in opposite positions of the “hypercolumn” thus defined. The centers of the hypercolumns very likely coincide with the so-called cytochrome oxidase “blobs” which are spaced at the same distance. The fact that within these “blobs” orientation tuning of cortical neurons becomes undefined [4], makes the array of orientations around these centers less spectacular, and indeed other interpretations of the coloured maps produced by optical recording were put forward. So-called “pinwheels” stole the show, that is centers around which neurons with different orientation sensitivity crowd with the colours representing their orientation clashing without interposed indifferent regions.
In these pinwheels each of the different orientations occurs only once as you go full circle around their center.
They most likely correspond to the corners between the hypercolumns in their hexagonal array, and the different orientations within one “pinwheel” most likely belong to three different hypercolumns that meet there [2].
The distinction between the two entities, orientation hypercolumns and pinwheels may sound academic but becomes
crucial when one endeavours to underpin orientation
specificity of cortical neurons with schemes of neuronal interactions at the elementary level. The accompanying illustration should help the reader to partake in this discussion.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment LogothetisDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2366049/Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftTrieste, Italy39th Annual General Meeting of the European Brain and Behaviour Society (EBBS 2007)en10.1155/2007/23250valverdeMValverdebraitenbVBraitenbergposter4859Pinwheels vs. Bow Ties200771093“Optical imaging” of the visual cortex after application of variously oriented visual stimuli provides an opportunity to test different models of the distribution of orientation sensitive neurons over the surface of the cortex. Rectilinear “slabs” of uniform orientation are not supported
by the evidence. What is compatible with the optical imaging is the arrangement of neurons with different orientation around centers, regularly spaced at distances of about 0.5 mm in a hexagonal array. According to a model proposed in 1979 [1], the orientations to which the
neurons are sensitive should be arranged either radially, or, more likely, like the tangents [2] of circles around said centers, whereby in either case twice the same orientation occurs in opposite positions of the “hypercolumn” thus defined. For this reason each colour, indicating a certain orientation on the optical recording maps, should form a blotch the shape of two sectors
meeting at the center of the hypercolumn. We chose the term “bow tie” for this configuration, to match the facetiousness of the competing term “pinwheel”. The centers of the hypercolumns very likely coincide with the so-called cytochrome oxidase “blobs” which are spaced at the same distance. The fact that within these “blobs” orientation tuning of cortical neurons becomes rather undefined [3], makes the array of orientations around these centers less spectacular, and indeed other interpretations of the coloured maps were put forward. “Pinwheels” stole the show, i.e. centers around which neurons with different orientation sensitivity crowd with the colours representing their orientation clashing without interposed indifferent regions.
In these pinwheels each of the different orientations occurs only once as you go full circle around their center. They most likely correspond to the corners between the hypercolumns in their hexagonal array, and the different orientations within one “pinwheel” most likely belong
to three different hypercolumns that meet there [4].
The distinction between the two entities, orientation hypercolumns and pinwheels may sound academic but becomes crucial when one endeavours to underpin orientation specificity of cortical neurons with schemes of neuronal interactions at the elementary level. This is fairly
easy in the case of the hypercolumns under the assumption that in their centers are housed special inhibitory neurons [2], while a similar elementary scheme was never found as an explanation of the pinwheels.
On the coloured maps obtained with “optical recording” it is possible to discern both “pinwheels” and “bow ties” as an aid to the localization of the two types of centers.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment LogothetisDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.twk.tuebingen.mpg.de/twk07/abstract.php?_load_id=valverde01http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/files/publications/TWK-2007.pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftTübingen, Germany10th Tübinger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK 2007)envalverdeMValverdebraitenbVBraitenbergposter2485Cortico-Cortical Connectivity in the Human Brain: A Study on the Cortical White Matter200427112The human cortical white matter has a volume nearly as large as the grey matter. Most of
it is composed of bers connecting the cortex to itself. These bres can be divided into the
following systems: 1) short bres which follow the gyri and sulci of the grey matter (the U-
bre-system), 2) longer bres which make short-cuts between more distant gyri, 3) long bres
which run in fascicles in the depth of the white matter and connect the different cortical lobes
with each other, and 4) bres of the Corpus callosum. In this study we make an estimate of the
quantitative composition of some of these sytems. This gives insights into the organization of
cortico-cortical connectivity in the human brain which is otherwise difcult to approach.
In a rst approach, we dissected the long-range fascicles in the depth of the white matter.
Measuring their cross sectional areas and multiplying these by the assumed density of bres
one can estimate the number of bres in these fascicles. It turned out to be of the orders of
and P.QSR
P.Q<T
in the individual fascicles and to add up to the order of
P.Q7U
for the fascicles of one
hemisphere. Thus, the number of bres connecting the lobes of one hemisphere to each other
is similar to the number of bres in the Corpus callosum [1]. Both of these long bre systems
comprise only a few percent of the total number of cortico-cortical bres [2].
In a second approach, we made estimates on the number of short cortico-cortical bres
(up to a few centimeters) in the white matter (based on volume measurements of the U-ber
system) and on the number of horizontal axon collaterals which connect the cortex in itself up
to a few millimeters within the grey matter. It turns out that there is an inverse relation between
number and range of bres connecting the cortex in itself. The bres in the U-bre system
outnumber the cortico-cortical bres in the rest of the white matter by a factor of 10, and are
themselves about 10 times less than the horizontal collaterals in the grey matter.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment LogothetisDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.twk.tuebingen.mpg.de/twk04/index.phpBülthoff, H. H., H. A. Mallot, R. Ulrich, F. A. WichmannBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftMax-Planck-Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingen, Germany7th Tübingen Perception Conference (TWK 2004)enschuezASchüzbraitenbVBraitenbergposterBraitenberg2003Spatio-temporal Activity Patterns as a Key to Cerebellar Function2003629188In no other part of the nervous system is the internal connectivity as thoroughly known
as in the cerebellar cortex. Moreover, although other cortices are not known in comparable
detail, one can confidently assert that the pattern in the cerebellum is unique.
This would seem to make it possible to go directly from the elementary mesh of the
cerebellar network to a definition of its global operation, and hence to an explanation of
the "functions" of the normal cerebellum and of the "symptoms"of its derailment, as
they appear to the clinical neurologist. Nobody has succeded in building this bridge, in
spite of some proposals which were seductive in their generality, but too general to serve
as an explanation of the uniqueness of the cerebellum.
The stagnation of our theorizing is not caused by lack of experimental findings, which
have been forthcoming at an impressive rate in recent years. Rather, it seems that most
of the experiments were not so much aimed at an elucidation of the special kind of
computation typical for the cerebellum, as at questions which apply to the nervous system
everywhere, such as membrane physiology and plasticity on one hand, the mapping
of input and output connections on the other.
In this situation it seems legitimate to take a fresh start by reproposing once more the
level of analysis where the cerebellum is most characteristically itself, the level intermediate
between cytology and fiber bundle tracing, that of the geometry of the intracortical
fiber felt.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.neuro.uni-goettingen.de/nbc.php?sel=archivGöttingen, Germany5th Meeting of the German Neuroscience Society, 29th Göttingen Neurobiology ConferencebraitenbVBraitenbergposterBraitenberg1988The role of passive mechanical factors in voluntary movementEuropean Journal of Neuroscience19889Supplement 1147http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergZürich, Switzerland11th Annual Meeting of the European Neuroscience AssociationbraitenbVBraitenbergposter6961The Associative Network in the Mouse CortexInternational Journal of Neuroscience19841223-4171Peculiarly, at the same time as modern psychologists are becoming more and more
cognitive, modern views of the cortex seem to turn away from the global aspects of
cortical function in favour of a description in terms of columns and modules, functional
units much finer even than the areas and subareas of the old architectonic school.
We are faced with the question of what holds the modules together when a global
thought is organized in the brain, or even a multisensory perception. Fortunately,
we are not compelled to take the extreme view that would relegate the integrative
action to extracortical structures, with the cortex itself as a passive, compartmentalized
reference file. There are enough synapses in the cortex (1011 in the mouse, 1014 in
man) which can hardly serve any other purpose that that of dynamic interaction of
elementary or complex percepts. How many of these synapses are between neurons
within a module, how many of them link neighbouring modules and how many link
modules far apart? These are questions to which our statistical considerations of
cortical structure are addressed. The synapses between cortical neurons vastly outnumber
the synapses between afferent fibers and cortical neurons. Most of these
synapses are between pyramidal cells and are probably excitatory. Synapses between
neighbours are probably not more numerous than those between distant elements.
The influence of a single pyramidal cell onto another is probably very slight, so that
strong effects must be mediated by groups of active neurons. All of this points to the
cortex as the place where cell assemblies in the sense of Hebb are organized.http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://informahealthcare.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/00207458408990678Biologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftLeningrad, Soviet UnionSymposium Association Systems of the BrainenbraitenbVBraitenbergposter6967Explanation of orientation columns in terms of a homogeneous network of neurons in the visual cortex1983119474http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.sfn.org/index.aspx?pagename=annualmeeting_futureandpastBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftBoston, MA, USA13th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience (Neuroscience 1983)enbraitenbVBraitenbergposter6964Curvature detection in the central and peripheral visual field of human subjectsNeuroscience Letters19839Supplement 14S108http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftHamburg, West GermanySeventh European Neuroscience CongressenMFahlebraitenbVBraitenbergposter1809What kind of cortex is the Hippocampus?1982118http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment Braitenberghttp://www.sfn.org/index.aspx?pagename=annualmeeting_futureandpastBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftMinneapolis, MN, USA12th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience (Neuroscience 1982)enbraitenbVBraitenbergschuezASchüzposter1811Functional aspects of the cortical anatomyNeuroscience Letters19789Supplement 1S119-S120http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftFirenze, ItalySecond European Neuroscience MeetingenbraitenbVBraitenbergGPalmschuezASchüzposter1812Quantitative aspects of cortical anatomyNeuroscience Letters19789Supplement 1S43http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.deDepartment BraitenbergBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-GesellschaftFirenze, ItalySecond European Neuroscience MeetingenschuezASchüzGPalmbraitenbVBraitenbergposter7000Local variation of fiber structure in the telencephalic cortex of monkey and manAnatomical Record195721272399-400http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.dehttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.1091270212/pdfBiologische KybernetikMax-Planck-Gesellschaften10.1002/ar.1091270212braitenbVBraitenberg