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People should consider eating less meat as a way of combating global
warming, says the UN's top climate scientist

Rajendra Pachauri, who chairs the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), will make the call at a speech in London on Monday evening.

UN figures suggest that meat production puts more greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere than transport.

But a spokeswoman for the UK's National Farmers' Union (NFU) said methane
emissions from farms were declining.

People may not realise that changing what's on their plate could have an
even bigger effect - Joyce D'Silva, Compassion in World Farming

Dr Pachauri has just been re-appointed for a second six-year term as
chairman of the Nobel Prize-winning IPCC, the body that collates and
evaluates climate data for the world's governments. He has chaired the Nobel
Prize-winning body since 2002

"The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has estimated that direct
emissions from meat production account for about 18% of the world's total
greenhouse gas emissions," he told BBC News.

"So I want to highlight the fact that among options for mitigating climate
change, changing diets is something one should consider."

Climate of Persuasion

The FAO figure of 18% includes greenhouse gases released in every part of
the meat production cycle - clearing forested land, making and transporting
fertiliser, burning fossil fuels in farm vehicles, and the front and rear
end emissions of cattle and sheep.

The contributions of the three main greenhouse gases - carbon dioxide,
methane and nitrous oxide - are roughly equivalent, the FAO calculates.

Transport, by contrast, accounts for just 13% of humankind's greenhouse gas
footprint, according to the IPCC.

Dr Pachauri will be speaking at a meeting organised by Compassion in World
Farming (CIWF), whose main reason for suggesting people lower their
consumption of meat is to reduce the number of animals in factory farms.

CIWF's ambassador Joyce D'Silva said that thinking about climate change
could spur people to change their habits.

"The climate change angle could be quite persuasive," she said.

"Surveys show people are anxious about their personal carbon footprints and
cutting back on car journeys and so on; but they may not realise that
changing what's on their plate could have an even bigger effect."

Side Benefits

There are various possibilities for reducing the greenhouse gas emissions
associated with farming animals.

They range from scientific approaches, such as genetically engineering
strains of cattle that produce less methane flatus, to reducing the amount
of transport involved through eating locally reared animals.

"The NFU is committed to ensuring farming is part of the solution to climate
change, rather than being part of the problem," an NFU spokeswoman told BBC
News.

"We strongly support research aimed at reducing methane emissions from
livestock farming by, for example, changing diets and using anaerobic
digestion."

Methane emissions from UK farms have fallen by 13% since 1990.

But the biggest source globally of carbon dioxide from meat production is
land clearance, particularly of tropical forest, which is set to continue as
long as demand for meat rises.

Ms D'Silva believes that governments negotiating a successor to the Kyoto
Protocol ought to take these factors into account.

"I would like governments to set targets for reduction in meat production
and consumption," she said.

"That's something that should probably happen at a global level as part of a
negotiated climate change treaty, and it would be done fairly, so that
people with little meat at the moment such as in sub-Saharan Africa would be
able to eat more, and we in the west would eat less."

Dr Pachauri, however, sees it more as an issue of personal choice.

"I'm not in favour of mandating things like this, but if there were a
(global) price on carbon perhaps the price of meat would go up and people
would eat less," he said.

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