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Environment

Solar power helps transform LA gang members

A former prison inmate and gang member is among hundreds in Los Angeles to find a place in the sun - and a second chance - via a solar industry re-entry program.

During his stretch of almost 10 consecutive years in United States prisons, David Andrade spent more than half of his days in the dark. Frequent punishment for crimes Andrade committed behind bars included 24-hour lockdowns. Infractions included helping to ignite a prison riot, beating up fellow inmates and punching a correctional officer.

He is now one of hundreds of former gang members finding his place in the sun through the solar industry. But if you trace Andrade's beginnings, there wasn't always much light.

"I had a lot of hate," says the 32-year-old.

Hate fueled by a father who left him at age 2, and from a mother he describes as an alcoholic, a drug addict and a gang member.

At the age of 13, he found comfort and family in a violent street gang in East Los Angeles. By 15, he says he was a full-blown alcoholic. Three years later, his life of crime caught up with him. He served a few months in jail for assault.

David Andrade has turned his life around

He had been barely out of jail for two weeks when he stood on an LA street corner and lifted his shirt to show a passing bald, tattooed man the gun he had tucked in his waistband.

That man turned out to be an off-duty police officer. In the end, Andrade was looking at a sentence of almost 60 years. He says he "beat his case" - and in part, he did. Nonetheless, he still ended up spending almost 10 years behind bars.

Homeboy is my homeboy

When he was released in 2013, on the bus ride home, Andrade vowed to go straight. He had made this pledge in the past, but had failed to live up to it. This time, however, he found an organization that truly had his back.

Homeboy Industries bills itself as the largest gang rehabilitation, intervention and re-entry program in the world. More than 10,000 former LA gang members turn to the organization every year in search of a second chance.

It was started by a Jesuit priest who wanted to offer hope, compassion and alternatives to gang life and prison. Overall, the chances of success for former inmates on the outside are slim.

A study by the Advancement Project of LA County's juvenile delinquency system, published two years ago, found that one-third of probationers are rearrested within a year of release.

Seeing the light

Andrade believes his stay-out-of-prison pass is Homeboy's solar panel installation program. Due to the isolation he experienced while on the inside, when he got out, he was baffled at the sight of solar modules on rooftops around LA neighborhoods.

"I would see it everywhere," says Andrade, who joined the program shortly after he was released. He says he didn't know exactly what he'd signed up for - but he caught on fast. "I graduated at the top of my class," he says proudly.

After graduation, the student became the teacher. Andrade was promoted to supervise the solar project at Homeboy Industries.

The growing interest in solar power means there is plenty of work to go round, which is good news for those looking for a new start

So far almost a thousand gang members have taken part in the four-month program. And more than 90 percent of students graduate from the nonprofit. Moreover, almost three-quarters of graduates find jobs within three months.

Bright future

Harnessing the sun is a growth industry. The US Department of Energy says more people had jobs in solar power last year than in coal, gas and oil energy combined. And no one is a bigger advocate than Andrade.

"There is honestly no future in what I was doing back then. Let's go with the times: It's solar energy, renewable energy. No one is charging for using the sun. Let's get trained to use it in a positive way," he says.

He has now progressed to a new job with Grid Alternatives, the largest nonprofit solar installer in the United States.

Grid Alternatives makes a point of giving opportunities to women, and Homeboy Industries students and graduates. Last year, the organization set up free solar systems for more than 1,300 fixed- and low-income California families.

"We'd like to see a solar industry that includes everyone, especially people whom society has not provided full advantages to in the past," says Danny Hom, the development and communications coordinator for Grid Alternatives.

Total transformation

The solar panel installation team - a gang with bright futures

Homeowner Hazel Patterson stands on her well-manicured lawn as Andrade and about a half dozen volunteers and workers climb up and down a ladder propped against her facade.

As one of those to benefit from Grid Alternatives' socially minded project, she is looking forward to saving as much as 80 percent on her electricity bills.

Patterson also understands how the way thesolar panels are installed can be lifesaving.

"I really believe in second chances - I know how that goes. I had a grandson who made mistakes at 17 years old. I thank God that he had a second chance when he was young."

"It's great they are giving young people a chance to better their lives."

Watching Andrade at work on Patterson's property, there are few visible remnants of his past life. Thanks to Homeboy Industries, even a gang tattoo stamped on his face in prison has all but been removed.

The transformational power of the sun is in brilliant evidence.

Our sun: a ball of superhot gas

Ancient fireball

Our sun had already been shining for billions of years before mankind even existed. Together with the planets of our solar system, the sun developed from a gas cloud 4.6 billion years ago. And it will probably continue shining for another five billion years, until its energy reserves run out.

Our sun: a ball of superhot gas

A big idol for energy researchers

The sun is basically a huge nuclear fusion reactor. At its core, pressure and temperature are so high that hydrogen atoms merge together to form helium atoms. This process releases huge amounts of energy. One thimble of sun material generates as much energy as burning thousand metric tons of coal does.

Our sun: a ball of superhot gas

100 times bigger than Earth

Seen from Earth, the sun doesn't seem big - it is just a bright spot in the sky. But it does have a radius of about 700,000 kilometres (435,000 miles). Its core is 15 million degree Celsius (27 million degree Fahrenheit). Temperatures on the sun's surface still reach 5500 degree Celsius (10,000 degree Fahrenheit).

Our sun: a ball of superhot gas

One in a billion

All stars in our universe glow because they generate energy deep down inside. Our sun is just like other billlions of stars scattered across the universe. In comparison with other stars, our sun is of medium size. Some stars are a hundred times bigger, others are just a tenth of the sun's size.

Our sun: a ball of superhot gas

Restless on the outside

The sun's surface is seething away. Hot and brightly glowing material ascends from the sun's inside, cools and sinks down again, appearing much darker. Our sun is the only star in the universe so close to Earth that astronomers can observe in such detail.

Our sun: a ball of superhot gas

Amazing sunspots

Sometimes big dark spots appear on the sun's surface staying for about a month. Even before the birth of Christ, humans already knew of those spots, and Galileo Galilei later recorded their appearance in writing. But for a long time people were mystified where those spots came from. Now we know the answer: they're areas with a particularly strong magnetic field.

Our sun: a ball of superhot gas

Dangerous storms

When the sun is very active, geomagnetic storms develop. It's when the sun catapults a particularly high number of charged particles into space. Those particles can hit and destroy satellites. They might also disturb electric power substations on Earth and even lead to power breakdowns.

Our sun: a ball of superhot gas

When the sky glows

This is another, much more beautiful effect of geomagnetic storms: an aurora, also called polar light. It occurs when charged particles of the sun hit the Earth's atmosphere. The frequency of how often we may enjoy this spectacle depends on the solar cycle. Every eleven years the sun is particularly active - that's when many geomagnetic storms and auroras can be observed.

Our sun: a ball of superhot gas

Please remember!

Never watch a solar eclipse without protecting your eyes. Even when the moon partly covers the sun, it is still extremely bright. Without sun protection you risk damaging your eyes - the retina can completely burn up. Fortunately, there are special eclipse glasses for such an event. They even look stylish, don't they?