Alternative Names

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

The eardrum vibrates when sound waves strike it. These vibrations then pass through the bones of the middle ear. They stimulate the inner ear, sending nerve impulses to the brain. When the eardrum is damaged, the hearing process is interrupted.

Ear infections may cause a ruptured eardrum, more often in children. The infection causes pus or fluid to build up behind the eardrum. As the pressure increases, the eardrum may break open or rupture.

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to relieve pain and prevent or treat infection.

Putting warmth on the ear may help relieve discomfort. Keep the ear clean and dry while it is healing. Place cotton balls in the ear while showering or shampooing to prevent water from entering the ear. Avoid swimming or putting your head underneath the water.

Antibiotics (oral or ear drops) may be used to prevent infection or to treat an infection you already have. Painkillers (analgesics), including over-the-counter medications, may be used to relieve pain.

Sometimes the health care provider may place a patch over the eardrum to speed healing. Surgical repair of the eardrum (tympanoplasty) may be needed if the eardrum does not heal on its own.

Expectations (prognosis)

The opening in the eardrum usually heals by itself within 2 months. Any hearing loss is most often short-term.