÷¹FEach kana in the Ü\¹} (²¶ã¤¨ñ¸) is made up of a consonant plus a vowel (except ñE). ÄñÄñ tenten (a diacritcal mark like a double quotation) can be added to kana with unvoiced consonants, making voiced kana. Examples follow.

¼÷¹FA Üé maru (circle) can be added to the Ís for Í /ha/ ¨ Ï /pa/.

(1) ÷¹E¼÷¹

By adding ÄñÄñ (two marks) or Üé (a circle) to the upper right of certain kana, additional sounds can be made.

The hiragana

p

b

d

z

g

@

Ï

Î

¾

´

ª

a

Ò

Ñ

À

¶

¬

i

Õ

Ô

Ã

¸

®

u

Ø

×

Å

º

°

e

Û

Ú

Ç

¼

²

o

The katakana

p

b

d

z

g

@

p

o

_

U

K

a

s

r

a

W

M

i

v

u

d

Y

O

u

y

x

f

[

Q

e

|

{

h

]

S

o

The column on the left is ¼÷¹BThe rest are called ÷¹B

In the z-column, ¶EW are pronounced /ji/.

In the d-column, ÀEa are pronounced /ji/ just like ¶EWBAlso, ÃEd (z-column) are pronounced /zu/ just like ¸EY in the z-column. The ¶EW and ¸EY are normally used in spelling, except in certain cases (see ¼¼­¢).

ÀEa are pronounced as /di/ and ÃEd as /du/ sound in some dialects.