Big Fat Lie: Overeating is a symptom, not the cause, of Obesity!

I have not read the thread, but all of the western medical system works like that. They don't treat problems by their cause but by their symptoms. I
don't know if it is just naivety (wanting to finish with everything immediately, thus being fooled by the temporal disappearance of symptoms) or if
it is on purpose to keep us tied to them (we not only never get fully healed, meaning that our mental and physical capabilities become restricted but
we also keep spending big part of our income in never-ending treatments) .

I'd say that probably both happens. The big "businessmen", that have a holistic view on things are probably not naive about it. The doctors are
probably naive, they just believe in everything that is thought in the academia.

Yes, exactly. A large percentage of diseases are just symptoms of an underlying cause and by treating these symptoms, instead of the cause, we tend
to cause other problems or hasten the development of the underlying cause.

In this case, hyperinsulinemia is causing obesity, but it's also causing a multitude of other chronic diseases of aging.

This virus crap is new and still not the cause of the epidemic we see today. If obesity was caused by a virus, you would have expected obesity rates
to be the same in the early part of the century. This is not observed.

What if it is a new virus, like HIV?

There weren't many HIV/AIDS cases around the beginning of the 20th century, where there?

I'll restate that. It is possible that obesity is caused by a virus but it is highly unlikely. Don't forget Ockham's Razor, the simplist answer
is usually the correct one. Now, Ockham's doesn't completely discount viruses as the cause independently; however, when combined with the
understanding of how fat is stored and when backed by evidence that supports the claim in the OP, the hypothesis that an unknown virus causes obesity
seems far fetched.

With that said, a few viruses have been known to cause hypertension, which is known to contribute to heart disease, though the virus has seemed to
slip my mind. It's closely associated with epstein barr virus and another virus that causes mononucleosis. Adenovirus-37(AD-37), a human virus, is
also known to cause obesity in some animals.

So, the possibility is indeed significant but the chances are slim that the majority of obese individuals are gaining fat due to the contraction of a
virus.

The following is information from the book referenced in the OP: Good Calories, Bad Calories

The first law of thermodynamics is the law of energy conservation. In nutrition, this means that any change in body weight is dependent on calories
we consume and the calories we expend. This is the energy balance equation.

Change in energy stores = Energy intake - Energy Expenditure

Quote from the Book:

The first law of thermodynamics dictates that weight gain--the increase in energy stored as fat and lean-tissue mass--will be accompanied
by or associated with positive energy balance, but it does not say that it is caused by a positive energy balance.

...All those who have insisted (and still do) that overeating and/or sedentary behavior MUST be the cause of obesity have done so on the basis of this
same fundamental error: they will observe correctly that positive caloric balance mush be associated with weight gain, but then they will
assume without justification that positive caloric balance is the cause of weight gain. This simple misconception has led to a century of
misguided obesity research.

Taubes goes on to point out that, if interpreted correctly, the law of conservation of energy provides two possibilities, in this case: Either
overeating/physical inactivity is causing obesity; or the causality is reversed and obesity(fat gain) causes overeating/physical inactivity.

Taubes: This was the result of my foray into public health and particularly nutrition and chronic disease research. It's hard to imagine how bad this
science really is in that field until you go back and actually read the papers yourself and see how completely ambiguous the evidence was and how it
was selectively interpreted to support the preconceptions of the researchers doing the studies. I spent, depending on how you want to count it, from
five to seven or eight years on this one book. The first third of the book explains how we came to believe that saturated fat and cholesterol cause
heart disease and describes how this came about by selective interpretation of the evidence. The second third provides an alternative hypothesis,
which is that most chronic diseases - heart disease, diabetes, cancer, even Alzheimer's - are caused by the effect of easily digestible carbohydrates
and sugars on our blood sugar, insulin and fat accumulation. I never thought going into this that I'd actually find an alternative hypothesis that
was compelling; I thought I'd just be debunking the conventional wisdom, which I already knew was the result of some terrible science. As it turned
out, though, there was an obvious alternative hypothesis and a consistent line of evidence supporting it that went from the 19th century through to
the latest research in the journals today. Finally, the last third of the book is about obesity and what makes us fat, arguing that it's not this
simplistic and effectively meaningless calories-in-calories-out, but the effect of carbohydrates specifically on insulin and insulin on fat
accumulation. As for the impact, I'm still hoping to see some. Some researchers in the field have read the book and find the arguments compelling,
and I've been invited to give some fairly prestigious lectures that journalists rarely do - grand rounds in medical schools and the NIH, for instance
- but I'd still say 99 percent of the relevant researchers and policy makers either don't know the book exists or would say it's nonsense, and then
proudly proclaim they've never read it and never will.

Daily Bell: What have you learned about the scientific establishment from your writings and its reaction?

Taubes: Well, I don't want to tar the entire scientific establishment. In general, I'd still rather hang out with a dozen scientists than a dozen
lawyers or wall street bankers any day, but there are some fields of inquiry that have gone off the rails, where the researchers just don't
understand what science is and how to do it. In the epilog to GCBC I talk about this problem and how I went out of my way not to use the word
"scientist" to describe the people working in nutrition, chronic disease and obesity research. The few times I did use it, I did so because I
thought those people were exceptions to the general rule -- good scientists who would be recognized as such in any field. So what I learned is that
skepticism is always warranted and that science journalists should approach their subject in the same way that political reporters approach politics
or even sports reporters sports. We shouldn't assume something is true just because a figure of authority tells us so or because a paper was
published to that effect in a peer reviewed journal. On the other hand, science is inherently more difficult to understand, or at least requires more
technical background, than politics or sports and it requires a higher level of expertise to be skeptical in the right ways. I'm not sure many
science journalists are smart enough to do the kind of skeptical reporting that's necessary, and I've often wondered if I'm one of those who could
use an extra ten or twenty IQ points to do the job.

Daily Bell: Can you explain the main findings of your book on Good Calories, Bad Calories?

Taubes: I listed them in the epilogue of the book. Here's that list:

1. Dietary fat, whether saturated or not, is not a cause of obesity, heart disease or any other chronic disease of civilization.

2. The problem is the carbohydrates in the diet, their effect on insulin secretion and so the hormonal regulation of homeostasis -- the entire
harmonic ensemble of the human body. The more easily-digestible and refined the carbohydrates, the greater the effect on our health, weight and
well-being.

3. Sugars - sucrose and high fructose corn syrup specifically - are particularly harmful, probably because the combination of fructose and glucose
simultaneously elevate insulin levels while overloading the liver with carbohydrates.

4. Through their direct effect on insulin and blood sugar, refined carbohydrates, starches and sugars are the dietary cause of coronary heart
disease and diabetes. They are the most likely dietary causes of cancer, Alzheimer's Disease and the other chronic diseases of civilization.

5. Obesity is a disorder of excess fat accumulation not overeating and not sedentary behavior.

6. Consuming excess calories does not cause us to grow fatter any more than it causes a child to grow taller. Expending more energy than we consume
does not lead to long-term weight loss; it leads to hunger.

7. Fattening and obesity are caused by an imbalance - a disequilibrium -- in the hormonal regulation of adipose tissue and fat metabolism: Fat
synthesis and storage exceeds the mobilization of fat from the adipose tissue and its subsequent oxidation. We become leaner when the hormonal
regulation of the fat tissue reverses this balance.

8. Insulin is the primary regulator of fat storage. When insulin levels are elevated - either chronically or after a meal - we accumulate fat in our
fat tissue. When insulin levels fall, we release fat from our fat tissue and use it for fuel.

9. By stimulating insulin secretion, carbohydrates make us fat and ultimately cause obesity. The less carbohydrates we consume, the leaner we will
be.

10. By driving fat accumulation, carbohydrates also increase hunger and decrease the amount of energy we expend in metabolism and physical
activity.

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