Disclaimer: These articles are only intended for the dissemination of scientific knowledge and for the intellectual exchanges of innovative ideas among healthcare workers. Although these articles have all appeared in Home Hemodialysis International, not all the ideas conveyed in these articles may have been accepted into standard medical practice. Patients should obtain advice related to their medical care from their own healthcare providers, and not from information contained herein. Clinicians must make informed decisions with regard to the care of their patients. Information obtained from ISHD is for the purposes of general medical education only and should not be misconstrued as medical advice. Neither ISHD nor the information contributors are responsible for any possible injury sustained by patients who are treated by clinicians who mistakenly use information conveyed anywhere on this site for therapeutic purposes.