Who Is It For?

Childhood Viruses Flashcards Preview

Viruses of childhood (causing viremia)

Measles VirusMumps VirusRubella VirusParvovirus B19Varicella zoster

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Why are vaccines against Measles, Mumps, and Rubella so effective?

- Natural infection protects against re-infection and disease- Each virus has only a single antigenic type - key to vaccine effectiveness- Each virus has a systemic replication phase prior to infecting target organ where symptoms develop - antibodies developed as a result of immunization can limit or block virus at this stage- Humans are the only known host

Measles is particularly endemic in ______

Kenya

Between 2000 and 2010, measles deaths has decrease __%

74

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Mumps clinical syndromes

Infections often asymptomaticParotitis - almost always bilateral and accompanied by feverSwelling of other glandsCNS involvement

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Disease mechanisms of Mumps virus

1) Virus infects epithelial cells of respiratory tract2) Virus spreads systemically by viremia3) Infection of parotid gland, testes, and central nervous system4) Principal symptom is swelling of parotid glands caused by inflammation5) Cell mediated immunity is essential for control of infection and responsible for causing some of the symptoms - antibody is not sufficient because virus spreads from cell to cell

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Effective live attenuated vaccine (Mumps)

Humans only hostOnly one serotypeLifelong immunity

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Rubella German Measles (characteristics)

- Is a togavirus- Only infects humans- Has only one serotype- Does not cause readily detectable cytopathologic effects- Can cause asymptomatic infections

Rotavirus VaccinesRotaTeq:Rotarix:

RotaTeq:- Approved by the FDA in 2006- Live attenuated vaccine, humans - bovine reassortant, mixture of 5 different virus types- Given 3 times orally between ages 2, 4 and 6 monthsRotarix:- Approved by FDA in 2008- Live attenuated single human strain, based on most prevalent circulating strain globally- Given 2 times orally at about 2 and 4 months