The Red Wolf Recovery Program

By 1983 the captive red wolf population had increased
to 63 animals. But if the red wolf was going to be
saved from extinction there would have to be at least
500 red wolves in captivity and in the wild. In order
to reach this goal, zoos from all over the country
were asked to participate in the Red Wolf Species Survival
Plan managed by the American Zoo Association. Dozens
of zoos responded by building red wolf pens and joining
the effort to save the red wolf. Within a few years
the captive red wolf population doubled. There were
now "surplus" red wolves that could be released
into the wild.

In November 1986 four pairs of red wolves were flown
from captive facilities to the Alligator River National
Wildlife Refuge in eastern North Carolina to begin
their acclimation period prior to release. These first
animals were reintroduced to the wild in
September 1987.

As of June 30, 1996, the total red wolf population was
thought to be between 242 and 296 animals. Fifty to 104
animals were thought to be living in wild reintroduction
sites, 11 wolves on islands, and 181 wolves in captivity.
The difference in numbers for the wild population
is the result of two factors: 1) Biologists have lost
radio contact with 20 wolves during the course of the
program and they don't know if the wolves are still
alive. 2) Some wolves have been seen, but not captured
 this includes pups from current and past breeding
seasons.

Since the first release at the Alligator River in 1987,
69 captive-born red wolves have been reintroduced and
95 pups have been born in the wild. Eighty-five percent
of the current free-ranging red wolf population at the
Alligator River were born in the wild.

In 1991 a second mainland reintroduction site was established
in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in eastern
Tennessee. Since that time 39 captive red wolves have
been released and 24 pups have been born in the wild
in six litters.

A larger version of this picture with a complete caption is available.