Ecology
In undisturbed coastal forests up to 70 m altitude. Often near the sea shore
(even on the beach) and mangroves, also in Keranga forest. Also found on river
banks and occasionally on hillsides.

Uses
Very poisonous! The fruit is used to keep the stomach of babies warm (burn fruit, pound it,
and apply the powder to abdomen and bandages). In Thailand, the leaves and bark are used as a
laxative and emetic. In Fiji, the leaves and fruits are used as an emetic, and the root and bark
as a purgative. The scraped root is used to treat liver disorders. A decoction of the inner bark is
drunk with cold water as an abortifacient.

Distribution
From Madagascar to Southern Japan and China to the West Pacific (incl. Australia).