3-D= Three dimensional graphics
images and animated images. Images in 3-D, especially
3-D photographs, are sometimes
called "holograms." Biedney (1994)
provides a technical discussion and a comparison
of alternative software options for rendering 3-D
images on desktop computers. Software options for
3-D rendering on the web are reviewed in the NewMedia, May 5 1998, pp. 52-64. The NewMedia
web site is at http://www.newmedia.comThose authoring packages
rated as "Awesome" include Live Picture
Reality Studio at http://www.livepicture.com
(800-724-7900) and Platinum Technology VRCreator
at http://www.platinum.com (800-442-6861).
There are many other options rated as "Thumbs
Up" or "Does the Job." (See
also Rendering)

4GL Database Languages= Fourth Generation Languages for databases. The first
three generations were developed fairly quickly,
but these were painfully slow and complex for certain
kinds of tasks such as report generation and database
queries. Many of the 4GLs are: database query languages
(e.g. SQL; Focus, Metafont, PostScript, RPG-II,
S, IDL-PV/WAVE, Gauss, Mathematica and data-stream
languages such as AVS, APE, Iris
Explorer.) See GainMomentum
and Relational
database management.