Purpose: To elicit the experiences of parents in providing care for their hospitalized child's acute pain needs. Design: Phenomenology, using in-depth interviews with 45 parents whose children were being cared for in five hospitals in Northeastern (Isan) Thailand. Findings: The findings address Thai cultural beliefs regarding the experience of pain ...

The kinetics of the metal-free hydrogen transfer from amine-borane Me(2)NH·BH(3) to aminoborane iPr(2)N═BH(2), yielding iPr(2)NH·BH(3) and cyclodiborazane [Me(2)N-BH(2)](2) via transient Me(2)N═BH(2), have been investigated in detail, with further information derived from isotopic labeling and DFT computations. The approach of the system toward equilibrium was monitored in both directions by (11)B{(1)H} ...

Background:Patients who present with pain in an oncology setting are often complex and require a multidisciplinary approach for symptom control. The Pain and Symptom Control Clinic at Tom Baker Cancer Center includes two pharmacists who participate in weekly multidisciplinary clinics and provide a follow-up service to patients. OBJECTIVE: This study ...

(π-Allyl)Ir complexes derived from dibenzocyclooctatetraene and phosphoramidites by cyclometalation are effective catalysts for allylic substitution reactions of linear monosubstituted allylic carbonates. These catalysts provide exceptionally high degrees of regioselectivity and allow the reactions to be run under aerobic conditions. A series of (π-allyl)Ir complexes were prepared and characterized by X-ray ...

SUMMARY AT A GLANCE: A questionnaire survey performed in Japan in 2010 (response rate: 95.0%) showed that mobile/thin bronchoscopes (outer diameter ? 4 mm) were used in ? 50% of the facilities accredited by our society, and fluoroscopy systems were used in 99.8%. Intravenous sedation was performed in only 36.1%. ...

A library of glycosylated porphyrins (glycoporphyrins) was prepared and the compounds were evaluated for their photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity against the oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma cell line OE21 in vitro. A synthetic methodology was developed to allow incorporation of biologically active carbohydrates, including the histo-blood-group antigen trisaccharide Lewis(X) , onto the ...

The first Dakin oxidation fueled by molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant is reported. Flavin and NAD(P)H coenzymes, from natural enzymatic redox systems, inspired the use of flavin organocatalysts and a Hantzsch ester to perform transition-metal-free, aerobic oxidations. Catechols and electron-rich phenols are achieved with as low as a 0.1 ...

Study Type - Prognosis (cohort series) Level of Evidence 2b What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Men diagnosed with prostate cancer are increasingly involved in making their own treatment decisions and the current recommendations for treatment are based on informed choice. The absence of scientific evidence ...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) is an index of bone microarchitectural texture calculated from antero-posterior DXA scans of the lumbar spine (LS) that predicts fracture risk, independent of BMD. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of yearly intravenous zoledronate (ZOL) versus placebo (PLB) ...

In this work, photoluminescence and micro-Raman scattering experiments were performed on undoped InN nanowires. It was found that, besides the main photoluminescence peak, a clear phonon sideband emission peak, with an extremely narrow linewidth ∼9 meV, was measured. The phonon spectrum revealed by micro-Raman scattering indicates only uncoupled LO phonons are ...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of depressed mood and anhedonia in a sample of men with prostate cancer (PCa) and to determine which of these key symptoms contributed most to the overall depressive status of that sample. METHOD: From Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) responses collected on ...

The ruthenium phosphite hydride complexes H(2)Ru(P(OR)(3))(4) (R = Me (), Et (), (i)Pr ()) were used as CVD precursors for the deposition of films of amorphous ruthenium-phosphorus alloys. The as-deposited films were X-ray amorphous and XPS analysis revealed that they were predominantly comprised of Ru and P in zero oxidation ...

BACKGROUND: Alcohol-related presentations to hospital have been increasing in the UK in recent years, including the occurrence of acute withdrawal. This study sought to better characterize the clinical features, patterns of treatment and outcomes in this patient group. METHODS: Patients admitted to the Acute Medical Unit of York Hospital due ...

It is an emerging concern that a series of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) produced in wastewater effluent have adversely impacted the downstream aquatic system and drinking water resources. The occurrence, fate, and transport of DBPs on receiving waterbodies, however, are currently not well-documented. To fill the knowledge gap, this study simulated ...

A novel silver-mediated highly selective C-H/N-H oxidative cross-coupling/cyclization between 2-aminopyridines and terminal alkynes has been demonstrated. This approach provided a simple way to construct heteroaromatic imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. By using this protocol, the marketed drug zolimidine (antiulcer) could be synthesized easily.

We report on the first dual nanosensors for imaging of pH values and oxygen partial pressure in cells. The sensors have a unique nanostructure in that a soft core structure is rigidized with a silane reagent, while poly(ethylene glycol) chains form an outer shell. Lipophilic oxygen-sensitive probes and reference dyes ...

Results from meta-analyses significantly influence clinical practice. Both simulation and empirical studies have demonstrated that the risk of random error (i.e. spurious chance findings) in meta-analyses is much higher than previously anticipated. Hence, authors and users of systematic reviews and meta-analyses have a responsibility to carefully consider the risk of ...

We report on the synthesis and characterization of a donor-acceptor ruthenium polypyridyl complex as a photosensitizer for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The electrochemical, photophysical, and photovoltaic performance of two ruthenium-based photosensitizers were tested in NiO-based DSSCs; bis-(2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid)(2)N-(1,10-phenanthroline)-4-nitronaphthalene-1,8-dicarboximide ruthenium(ii), ([Ru(dcb)(2)(NMI-phen)](PF(6))(2)) and tris-(2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid)(3) ruthenium(ii), [(Ru(dcb)(3))Cl(2)]. The presence of an ...

Background: It is often assumed by obstetricians, neonatologists and parents alike that the prenatal nomenclature used to identify twins on ultrasound is consistent with twin labelling after their birth. The aim of this study is to use a large regional twin ultrasound database to validate the effectiveness of a scan ...

Despite advances in the acute management of stroke, a large proportion of stroke patients are left with significant impairments. Over the coming decades the prevalence of stroke-related disability is expected to increase worldwide and this will impact greatly on families, healthcare systems and economies. Effective neuro-rehabilitation is a key factor ...

Vertically oriented GaAs nanowires (NWs) are grown on Si(111) substrates using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Controlled epitaxial growth along the 〈111〉 direction is demonstrated following the deposition of thin GaAs buffer layers and the elimination of structural defects, such as twin defects and stacking faults, is found for high growth ...

Purpose:Sickle cell disease is estimated to occur in 1:300-400 African-American births, with higher rates among immigrants from Africa and the Caribbean, and is less common among Hispanic births. This study determined sickle cell disease incidence among New York State newborns stratified by maternal race/ethnicity and nativity.Methods:Newborns with confirmed sickle cell ...

The DNA damage checkpoint controls cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage, and activation of this checkpoint is in turn cell cycle-regulated. Rad9, the ortholog of mammalian 53BP1, is essential for this checkpoint response and is phosphorylated by the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous studies ...

Can humans communicate emotional states via chemical signals? In the experiment reported here, we addressed this question by examining the function of chemosignals in a framework furnished by embodied social communication theory. Following this theory, we hypothesized that the processes a sender experiences during distinctive emotional states are transmitted to ...

The initial step in a synthesis of thyroid hormones is the uptake of iodide from the circulation. Iodide (I(-) ) is transported into thyroid cells via a Na(+) /I(-) symporter (NIS), which is electrogenic and thus sensitive to alterations in membrane potential (V(m) ). I(-) is then released to the ...

BACKGROUND: Comparability of cholesterol measurement is clinically required and external quality assurance (EQA) programmes are important to verify the trueness of routine methods. METHODS: We developed a gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (GC-IDMS) total cholesterol assay to investigate the cause of a suspected matrix-related negative bias with the Beckman Coulter ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that may have an impact in upgrading atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) lesions to malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between February 1999 and December 2010, the records of 150 ADH lesions that had been biopsied were retrospectively reviewed. The biopsy types ...

A bienzyme electrode for the determination of cholesterol was prepared by the co-immobilization of cholesterol oxidase and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) on the carbon nanotubes modified electrode surface. The parameters influenced the performance of the bienzyme electrode such as the pH of the base solution; the concentration of DPP and the ...

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) is a serious disease in several fish species. VHS is caused by the rhabdovirus viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). To prevent spreading of the pathogen, it is important to use a fast, robust, sensitive and specific diagnostic tool to identify the infected fish. Traditional diagnosis based ...

AIMS: Investigate risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) and their incidence between 2006 and 2010 at a regional teaching hospital in Australia. Determine whether a correlation exists between a decrease in OASI rates and an increase in mediolateral episiotomies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study conducted at ...

Novel cycloruthenated complexes 2 a-c, 4 a-c, and 6 a, b based on heteroaromatic cores have been synthesized by reaction of a series of heterocycle-based imines with [{RuCl(η(6) -p-cymene)}(2) (μCl)(2) ] and Cu(OAc)(2) . This approach has proved efficient for the cyclometalation of thiophene, benzothiophene, furan, benzofuran, pyrrole, and indole derivatives. In addition, even ...

The key is symmetry! A convergent synthetic approach of the highly cytotoxic natural product (-)-callystatin A was developed assembling three fragments through Julia-Kocienski olefination and Stille cross-coupling. The new strategy relies on a pivotal local symmetry of the target molecule. In this preliminary study, particular attention was devoted to facilitate the ...

Thermally irreversible photochromic 1-tert-butyl-substituted 2,3-bisthiazolylindenol has been synthesized. It showed perfect diastereoselectivity and high ring-closing quantum yield with high conversion ratio to the closed form. The collaborative interaction of two intramolecular hydrogen bonds and the steric restriction fixed the conformation in favour of cyclization in a highly diastereoselective manner.

During social interactions, we use available information to guide our decisions, including behaviour and emotional displays. In some situations, behaviour and emotional displays may be incongruent, complicating decision making. This study had two main aims: first, to investigate the independent contributions of behaviour and facial displays of emotion on decisions ...

The development and further evolution of the first catalytic asymmetric conjugate additions of azlactones as activated amino acid derivatives to enones is described. Whereas the first-generation approach started from isolated azlactones, in the second-generation approach the azlactones could be generated in situ starting from racemic N-benzoylated amino acids. The third ...

Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is the most common cause of early mortality following lung transplantation (LTx). We hypothesized that nitrite, an endogenous source of nitric oxide (NO), may protect lung grafts from IRI. Rat lung grafts were stored in preservation solution at 4°C for 6 hours. Both grafts and recipients were ...

In an attempt to afford possible antibacterial and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agents, a series of 22 novel styryl quinazoline-based heterocyclic entities were designed and synthesized. Various substituted aryl urea and thiourea cores were incorporated at position 4 of quinazoline, followed by styrylation of position 2, aiming at an augmented ...

Colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) have become versatile building blocks in a wide variety of fields. Here, we discuss the state-of-the-art, current hot topics, and future directions based on the following aspects: narrow size-distribution NPs can exhibit protein-like properties; monodispersity of NPs is not always required; assembled NPs can exhibit collective behavior; ...

AIM: Untrained laypersons should perform compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (COCPR) under a dispatcher's guidance, but the quality of the chest compressions may be suboptimal. We hypothesised that providing metronome sounds via a phone speaker may improve the quality of chest compressions during dispatcher-assisted COCPR (DA-COCPR). METHODS: Untrained laypersons were allocated to ...

Memory for faces is important for social interactions. However, it is unclear whether negative or positive expression affects recollection and familiarity for faces and whether the effect can be modulated by retention interval. Two experiments examined the effect of emotional expression on recognition for faces at two delay conditions. In ...

The Montreal Protocol was signed 25 years ago. As a result, the irreversible destruction of the ozone layer was prevented. However, stratospheric ozone will not recover completely until 2060 and the consequent epidemic in skin cancer cases will persist until 2100. Many millions of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive ...