In these new cases, we’re seeing OLE-embedded objects and content surrounded by well-formatted text and images to encourage users to enable the object or content, and thus run the malicious code. So far, we’ve seen these files use malicious Visual Basic (VB) and JavaScript (JS) scripts embedded in a document.

The script or object is surrounded by text that encourages the user to click or interact with the script (which is usually represented with a script-like icon). When the user interacts with the object, a warning prompts the user whether to proceed or not. If the user chooses to proceed (by clicking Open), the malicious script runs and any form of infection can occur.

Figure 1: Warning message prompts the users to check whether they should open the script or not.

It’s important to note that user interaction and consent is still required to execute the malicious payload. If the user doesn’t enable the object or click on the object – then the code will not run and an infection will not occur.

Education is therefore an important part of mitigation – as with spam emails, suspicious websites, and unverified apps. Don’t click the link, enable the content, or run the program unless you absolutely trust it and can verify its source.

In late May 2016, we came across the following Word document (Figure 2) that used VB script and language similar to that used in CAPTCHA and other human-verification tools.

Figure 2: Invitation to unlock contents

It’s relatively easy for the malware author to replace the contents of the file (the OLE or embedded object that the user is invited to double-click or activate). We can see this in Figure 3, which indicates the control or script is a JS script.

Figure 3: Possible JavaScript variant

The icon used to indicate the object or content can be just about anything. It can be a completely different icon that has nothing to do with the scripting language being used – as the authors can use any pictures and any type

Figure 4: Embedded object variant

It’s helpful to be aware of what this kind of threat looks like, what it can look like, and to educate users to not enable, double-click, or activate embedded content in any file without first verifying its source.

Technical details – downloading and decrypting a binary

On the sample we investigated, the contents of the social engineering document is a malicious VB script, which we detect as TrojanDownloader:VBS/Vibrio and TrojanDownloader:VBS/Donvibs. This sample also distinguishes itself from the typical download-and-execute routine common to this type of infection vector – it has a “decryption function”.

This malicious VB script will download an encrypted binary, bypassing any network-based protection designed to recognize malicious formats and block them, decrypt the binary, and then run it. Figure 5 illustrates the encrypted binary we saw in this sample.

Figure 5: The encrypted binary

The embedded object or script downloads the encrypted file to %appdata% with a random file name, and proceeds to decrypt it using the script’s decryption function (Figure 6).