Gainsborough’s early importance as a Saxon settlement was augmented when it became a military centre under the Danes (9th–11th century). Its position on a navigable river and a main road between London and the north of England soon added to its growth when it served as a market centre for the surrounding agricultural district. As a small North Sea river port, it deals mostly with barge traffic. Most of its industries are based on agricultural processing, but many general engineering and light industries connected with hosiery are also important. The town centre was renovated after World War II bombing damage, but some old buildings remain, notably the 18th-century parish church and the 15th-century Old Hall. Pop. (2001) 16,869; (2011) 18,508.

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