Jan. 21, 2010
Dwayne Brown
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1726
dwayne.c.brown@nasa.gov
Guy Webster
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-354-6278
guy.webster@jpl.nasa.gov
RELEASE: 10-016
ROVER GIVES NASA AN "OPPORTUNITY" TO VIEW INTERIOR OF MARS
PASADENA, Calif. -- NASA's Mars exploration rover Opportunity is
allowing scientists to get a glimpse deep inside Mars.
Perched on a rippled Martian plain, a dark rock not much bigger than a
basketball was the target of interest for Opportunity during the past
two months. Dubbed "Marquette Island," the rock is providing a better
understanding of the mineral and chemical makeup of the Martian
interior.
"Marquette Island is different in composition and character from any
known rock on Mars or meteorite from Mars," said Steve Squyres of
Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y. Squyres is principal investigator
for Opportunity and its twin, Spirit. "It is one of the coolest
things Opportunity has found in a very long time."
During six years of roving, Opportunity has found only one other rock
of comparable size that scientists conclude was ejected from a
distant crater. The rover studied the first such rock during its
initial three-month mission. Called "Bounce Rock," that rock closely
matched the composition of a meteorite from Mars found on Earth.
Marquette Island is a coarse-grained rock with a basalt composition.
The coarseness indicates it cooled slowly from molten rock, allowing
crystals time to grow. This composition suggests to geologists that
it originated deep in the crust, not at the surface where it would
cool quicker and have finer-grained texture.
"It is from deep in the crust and someplace far away on Mars, though
exactly how deep and how far we can't yet estimate," said Squyres.
The composition of Marquette Island, as well as its texture,
distinguishes it from other Martian basalt rocks that rovers and
landers have examined. Scientists first thought the rock could be
another in a series of meteorites that Opportunity has found.
However, a much lower nickel content in Marquette Island indicates a
Martian origin. The rock's interior contains more magnesium than in
typical Martian basalt rocks Spirit has studied. Researchers are
determining whether it might represent the precursor rock altered
long ago by sulfuric acid to become the sulfate-rich sandstone
bedrock that blankets the region of Mars that Opportunity is
exploring.
"It's like having a fragment from another landing site," said Ralf
Gellert of the University of Guelph, in Ontario, Canada. Gellert is
lead scientist for the alpha particle X-ray spectrometer on
Opportunity's robotic arm. "With analysis at an early stage, we're
still working on some riddles about this rock."
The rover team used Opportunity's rock abrasion tool to grind away
some of Marquette Island's weathered surface and expose the interior.
This was the 38th rock target Opportunity has ground into, and one of
the hardest. The tool was designed to grind into one Martian rock,
and this rock may not be its last.
"We took a conservative approach on our target depth for this grind to
ensure we will have enough of the bit left to grind the next hard
rock that Opportunity comes across," said Joanna Cohen of Honeybee
Robotics Spacecraft Mechanisms Corp., in New York, which built and
operates the tool.
Opportunity currently is about 30 percent of the way on a 12-mile trek
begun in mid-2008 from a crater it studied for two years. It is en
route toward a much larger crater, Endeavour. The rover traveled 3.3
miles in 2009, farther than in any other year on Mars. Opportunity
drove away from Marquette Island on Jan. 12.
"We're on the road again," said Mike Seibert, a rover mission manager
at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "The year
ahead will include lots more driving, if all goes well. We'll keep
pushing for Endeavour crater but watch for interesting targets along
the way where we can stop and smell the roses."
Since landing on Mars in 2004, Opportunity has made numerous
scientific discoveries, including the first mineralogical evidence
that Mars had liquid water. After working 24 times longer than
originally planned, Opportunity has driven more than 11 miles and
returned more than 133,000 images. JPL manages the rovers for NASA's
Science Mission Directorate in Washington.
For more information about the rovers, visit:
http://www.nasa.gov/rovers
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