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National university rankings and the evolution of global rankings Kazimierz Bilanow Managing Director, Perspektywy Education Foundation, Poland How quality and competitiveness of the European universities are reflected in global academic rankings?

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National university rankings and the evolution of global rankings Warsaw, 18-19, May 2010 2 Introduction Global university ranking is a relatively new phenomenon: rankings of the first generation (1.0), compared to advanced national rankings (US News & World Report and Perspektywy in Poland), global rankings demonstrate limitations, more data becomes available, steps towards global rankings of the second generation (2.0).

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National university rankings and the evolution of global rankings Warsaw, 18-19, May 2010 3 Ranking construction: defining whom the ranking is made for, defining a group of higher education institutions to be included in the ranking, selecting adequate criteria to define and characterize a group of HEIs, attributing percentage weight to selected criteria, securing acceptance for the ranking among the main groups of stakeholders. Calculations based on the multi-criteria analysis (MCA).

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National university rankings and the evolution of global rankings Warsaw, 18-19, May 2010 4 National v. global ranking National ranking large group of detailed criteria available, groups of HEIs easy to define. Global rankings selection of HEIs and relevant criteria more difficult, higher education systems differ greatly from one country to another.

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National university rankings and the evolution of global rankings Warsaw, 18-19, May 2010 5 National v. global ranking National rankings: rich data available, large spectrum of criteria (32 – Perspektywy), provide more precise picture of HEI, HEIs know faster if steps taken contributed to improvement of their position in ranking. Global rankings: lack of compatible and up-to-date worldwide statistics on higher education, feed-back is slow and provides less information.

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National university rankings and the evolution of global rankings Warsaw, 18-19, May 2010 6 National rankings: US News & World Report prepared by Bob Morse since 1983. Perspektywy University Ranking since 2000. “Self educating” rankings that closely follow changes in Higher Education. Use spectrum of criteria reflecting different missions of universities and various aspects of their activities. National rankings are published in over 40 countries.

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National university rankings and the evolution of global rankings Warsaw, 18-19, May 2010 8 Global rankings: Shanghai ranking (ARWU) – published by Professor Nian Cai Liu of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University (since 2003), QS-THE ranking (2004-2009), Leiden ranking, Webometrics. limitations in the number of criteria, lack of flexibility allowing for evolution, still young phenomenon yet to grow and evolve.

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National university rankings and the evolution of global rankings House of ranking… Scientific strength Working environment Studying environment Internatio- nalisation Peerreview Prestige + employers Innovation

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National university rankings and the evolution of global rankings Webometrics ranking… Innovation

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National university rankings and the evolution of global rankings Warsaw, 18-19, May 2010 14 Global rankings 2.0 New generation global rankings: wider range of criteria, allow for complex analysis, some under construction: (U-Multirank European global ranking), new global ranking THE underway: number of criteria increased to 13 or even 16, introduction of international ranking panel.

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National university rankings and the evolution of global rankings Warsaw, 18-19, May 2010 15

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National university rankings and the evolution of global rankings Warsaw, 18-19, May 2010 16 Future… For universities and ministries of education, national rankings provide a more thorough and in-depth information than global rankings do. Global rankings have their place too, especially if they: are properly constructed, provide clear information about themselves.

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National university rankings and the evolution of global rankings Warsaw, 18-19, May 2010 17 Rankings’ evaluation Measures directed to the improvement of the quality of rankings. Berlin Principles adopted in 2006; international group of rankers and ranking experts (IREG) led by Jan Sadlak IREG Observatory on Academic Ranking and Excellence established in 2009.

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National university rankings and the evolution of global rankings Warsaw, 18-19, May 2010 18 Rankings’ evaluation

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National university rankings and the evolution of global rankings Warsaw, 18-19, May 2010 19 Rankings’ evaluation Community of rankers: understand social responsibility, read arising expectations, take action to improve quality national and global rankings.

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National university rankings and the evolution of global rankings Only the combination of all criteria give a full picture… Thank you for your attention Kazimierz Bilanow Ph.D. Managing Director, Perspektywy Education Foundation, Poland k.bilanow@perspektywy.pl k.bilanow@perspektywy.pl www.perspektywy.org www.perspektywy.org