10/29/2009

Under the small, mobile, penetration, safe and reliable nuclear weapons development, nuclear weapons research and design institute in the miniaturization of nuclear warheads launched 70 years, sub-guided multi-warheads, the development of tactical nuclear bombs and neutron bombs. Thus, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency and FBI intelligence officials noted that the visiting scholars in China in 1987 from California's Lawrence Livermore Livermore National Institute of unlawfully obtained information on the neutron bomb, neutron bomb is made of the most important sources of technology may be the lack of evidence of political charges.In fact, the National Defense Science, Technology and the Public Ministry had instructed the INET machine (codenamed 9 homes) and the Northwest Nuclear-Test-Base (Lop Nor) co-ordination, in 1982 to 1988 the basis of the tactical nuclear bombs to conduct a series of about 1,000 tons of nuclear yield test, validate design principles and a breakthrough technology bottlenecks, and in September 29, 1988 the morning of a successful nuclear test site in the central district (one of the areas of Lop Nur) for the first time neutron bomb test. China in the late 70s of the pre-research work carried out neutron bomb, after about 10 years of development, so that China became the United States, France and Russia have a neutron bomb, after the fourth country. From then on, also put China's nuclear technology from the second-generation upgrade to the level of the third generation, it has the most advanced low-yield tactical nuclear weapons, pollution, and will not be easy to use easy to initiate full-scale nuclear war to strategic nuclear weapons, its benefits since not wait for the Introduction.China's atomic experiments have not yet carried out a preliminary research on the launching of the hydrogen bomb work in the hydrogen bomb is not fully equipped with ballistic missiles, tactical atomic bomb before the end of stereotypes experiment, the neutron bomb on the launching of the pre-research work. China is not yet in a neutron bomb before the experiment, but also other third-generation nuclear weapons, while carrying out a pre-research.At present, China's progress in the third-generation nuclear weapons are still treated as confidential, but experts generally believe that they are different and have specific functions to release the energy of nuclear weapons, it shall be one of the neutron bomb. This generation of nuclear weapons in the explosion of anti-damage effect in some conspicuous, while weakening other effects, namely, to limit the destructive power of nuclear bomb of anti-specific strategies and tactics to achieve the requirements. As the neutron bomb in the 50 years to 60 years in the United States and the Soviet Union started to look similar to the third-generation nuclear weapons, there are electromagnetic pulse bombs, blast bombs, X-ray laser weapons, plasma weapons, neutron bombs and so on several United States and Russia have been related to experiment.According to measurement data, 100 million tons of hydrogen at 100 km altitude explosions, electromagnetic pulses can cover 1200 square kilometers; in altitude of 400 kilometers per 2200 square kilometers. In the United States detonated three consecutive 4,000 kilometers above the 10 million-ton hydrogen bomb, the entire electrical and electronic networks in North America will be completely destroyed. But the development of highly efficient electromagnetic pulse bomb is the key to "how to generate more electromagnetic pulse, and leads the enemy, while not to hurt them." LONDON reported, the Gulf War broke out of a former U.S. generals have called for Baghdad detonated a nuclear bomb to destroy the Iraqi military's C3I system, but for President Bush refused. Does this show that the United States are made in secret electromagnetic pulse bomb? Not yet known. Chinese media had hinted that China's conventional electro-magnetic pulse warheads in the mid-90s in service, I believe that will be used for M-9, M-11 missiles, its use with the "Tomahawk" cruise missile warheads in the Gulf to use the same. With the traditional Chinese pulse warheads of service, the same effect may have to stop developing a nuclear bomb.The full name of the bomb blast was "a weak shock wave or weak radiation residual radiation bombs", in fact, that is, a small hydrogen bomb, the role of theory and the neutron bomb the contrary, to enhance the explosion shock wave and reduce the nuclear radiation, for attacking fortifications or doing ground-penetrating nuclear bombs to destroy underground facilities. US-Soviet nuclear explosions in the 50's the use of resource exploration, excavation of the canal, the effect is similar. 5,000 tons of a wave of bomb explosion was so powerful reinforcement to resist the bombardment of the cost will exceed 50% of construction costs. The United States has in Nevada used ground-penetrating bomb blast on a more than 10 meters of reinforced concrete reinforced underground command center the experiment. The bomb is the uranium-tungsten alloy penetrators front head, the middle is a shock bombs, the tail is the jet speed rounds, by this triple bombing of a nuclear bomb hit an instant command post of the disappeared, leaving a large crater. China's role in missile shock wave theory is very clear, research is also very in-depth, the physics journals from the public may also be aware of this. Treated as such. Even if China does not Zaochu this bomb should have been with the threshold technique. X-ray laser weapons are derived from nuclear explosions, for a moment to launch dozens of different space at the same time a large destructive X-ray directed-energy weapons, could be in space to destroy incoming strategic nuclear missiles, the Reagan Star Wars program is an important link. The hard part is: the same time pointing and tracking multi-target, the laser rod (solid-state laser weapons) were produced by X-ray nuclear explosion vaporized, it must emit a laser beam, which would require a new special material. In 1980, the U.S. Department of Energy Institute of Livermore nuclear weapons first in Nevada for such low-yield nuclear device experiments up to nano-second pulse width, power, 300 megabytes MW. December 28, 1985, code-named "stone" in the same underground nuclear test sites in the same explosion depth of 550 meters, equivalent 2-150000 tons TNT, a continuous experiment essentially confirmed its feasibility. To China's strategic needs, and tactical levels, nuclear weapons development time, technical level, the theoretical basis for such a comprehensive analysis, progress in this regard should be reached only theoretical research phase, the depth and quantity of public information with other third-generation nuclear weapons than the gap between large, I believe, like the United States and Russia stopped research in this area.Plasma weapons, the situation may be more primitive. Nuclear explosion fireball formed, the internal material is ionized by neutrons, these neutrons, stripped of electrons and electronic component ion plasma, like stars, like the rapid expansion of a fireball in a few seconds, the temperature dropped rapidly and even extinguished. As the fireball expanded to four weeks, the energy loss of fast, such as a 100-megaton nuclear bomb exploded in the atmosphere, a fireball radius of up to 1000 meters, but soon disappears. If the plasma fireball along a specific direction of emission, we can destroy the long-range goal, is very applicable to outer space combat. In addition to its problems of energy into a plasma bomb, the more difficult is how the direction of aiming at specific targets, so this is the hardest, most do not grasp is made of nuclear weapons. At present, Russia's progress in this area greater unheard China to start substantive research efforts; but China's space development in the 21st century in terms of progress can not be excluded in the future will strengthen the development of plasma weapons.More advanced and clean, the fourth-generation nuclear weapons are: the fusion bombs, anti-matter bombs, particle beam weapons, metallic hydrogen weapons, nuclear isotope weapons. Between conventional and nuclear weapons they are the gray area between; third-generation nuclear weapons by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty constraints, but the fourth generation of nuclear weapons to the main principles of fusion, which may be restricted only for high and low level of technology. And third-generation nuclear weapons, similar to those already clean of nuclear weapons pre-research in progress, the international community currently the United States, Russia, and France's highest standards.The nuclear isotope refers to the quality, quantity and the same atomic number, in the measurable time, there are different energy and two or more radioactive nuclear elements, it produces energy 100 times stronger than the high-energy explosives, is currently countries are the study of its nature and the release of energy. By heavy-ion collisions or explosions in inertial confinement fusion neutron pulses can be nucleosynthesis of these elements, it can be used as conventional weapons, but also as a clean-type hydrogen bomb detonator.Metallic hydrogen is a certain pressure of hydrogen can be converted to a crystalline solid at room temperature without sealing is also able to maintain a long time. Metallic hydrogen is the power of TNT 25 to 35 times, is the most powerful chemical bomb materials has been listed as the United States National Science program is an important research project. The above-mentioned two kinds of nuclear weapons, is not currently smell began to study Chinese, but because China has signed the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, to in-depth study is only a matter of time. Particle beam weapons, is a kind of directed energy weapons, their advantages are: speed, energy density, concentration, can quickly target shooting in different directions, through strong, free from climate impact, no radioactive contamination. The disadvantage is influenced by the Earth's magnetic field can be divided into the atmosphere and the use of a range of more recent charged-particle beam weapons and space-use, non-charged neutral particle beam weapon, its range of up to several thousand kilometers.China's particle beam weapons research along with the progress of nuclear physics theory, production, known to occur in 70 years began. Since the 80's, as China's progress in nuclear physics frequently progress greatly accelerated; observed in recent years, Chinese civil and military high-energy physics of academic articles, reflecting the progress made big progress. With the United States, Russia comparison, because the development time and investment Jieyou gap, it is inevitable backward; but because the basic theory and research basis for quite solid, suggesting the progress of the particle beam weapon could be included within the international top five.Anti-material weapon is the use of positive material in nature and its corresponding anti-matter interaction, rapid release of enormous energy, as long as a few micrograms of antimatter can be produced very strong X-or γ-ray laser. It is currently the most powerful nuclear weapons, the most important one. The U.S. Fermi National Accelerator Institute, France and Switzerland, jointly built by the Center for European Studies, the Russian Institute of High Energy Physics are doing the study. China's anti-material research institute began in the early 80s, from world-renowned nuclear physicist, discoverer of antimatter Zhao Yao served as technical advisers, the West called him "the father of China's anti-material weapon." In this regard was almost non-public information, its high degree of confidentiality is a reflection of its extreme importance, only through the electron-positron collider of the piecemeal progress in the progress of such weapons as a reference.Fusion bomb is an atomic bomb waiting to be passed corresponds to the role of nuclear fission as a weapon, its mode of action is also contrary, the resultant is very clean. All the nuclear countries are doing in-depth study on this. Fusion reaction is a nuclear physics problem for decades, its history is not much shorter than the fission reaction. To observe the progress of fusion bombs should be noted that in controlled nuclear fusion research, because it is a military and civilian dual-use technology, but also represent a country the highest level of high-energy physics; always countries in the highly competitive field of fusion if they can obtain major breakthrough is bound to open to show off, relative to the above kinds of nuclear technology is the highest transparency, information disclosure and up. If a country achieve a comprehensive breakthrough in nuclear fusion in a controlled, almost meant to be the first to Zaochu fusion bombs. China's progress in fusion technology have the opportunity to compete for third in the world, fusion bombs in no different.Because the fourth-generation nuclear weapons, no pollution, can be done with conventional weapons, and only has a hydrogen bomb and the advanced state of nuclear physicists are capable of developing a fourth generation of nuclear weapons. The fourth-generation nuclear weapons is the challenge of nuclear arms control; it clever to circumvent restrictions on a comprehensive test-ban treaty, and unless even the basic nuclear science to be prohibited, otherwise the fourth-generation nuclear weapons is bound to come out. Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty in particular, tight to the development of the third generation of nuclear weapons is limited, the fourth generation of nuclear weapons became the only option for nuclear power.

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