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Ftom the Columbia Telegraph, 13th inst.
NEWS FROM TIlE OLD VORLD
ARRIVAL OF THE CALEDONIA.
r 'TuE.STEAMEa CALEDONIA haS arrived
at Boston, beyond which place the wires
are down, which occasioned our delay in
the reception of her news.
LIvERPoOL;, Sept. 29.
Bating's Circular of Friday 28th Sept.
states that Colonial Market has been heavy
during the week previous, at lower prices
accepted for Coth'o and Sugar.
The Corn trade was also dull.
Cotton sales for the week amount to
32.000 bales. Surat is 4 to '4d.
The Cotton m;trket has been quiet.
Consumers and Speculators both display
ing great caution, although a fait amount
of business has been dune. Prices have
experienced a decline.
American Stocks no marked increase
deinand for investments in several instan
ces one hundred and six for United States
Sixes.
The Cholera is on the decrease in the
city of London.
A perfect quiet prevails in the political
aflairs of France and there are no indica
tions of any agitation..
. The lion. W. C. Rives, who succeeds
Mr. Rush as Minister, is announced as
having arrived at his destination.
It is reported that the llungarians made
a sally on the 13th ult. and obtained some
advantages upon the Imperial troops.
Nothing has been definitely arranged as
to Hungary, there appears however, to be
no insurmountable dilliculty in the way of
a final ratification on the basis of complete
union with Austria. 'The Czar has re
turned to his Capitol, and is gradually
withdrawing his troops into his own tetri
tory.
A Russian otieer of high rank has ar
rived at Constantinople to demand the ex
tradition of the Hungarian refugees. No
thing has been heard on the subject since
the determination of the Sutta i. which has
been announced.previously ; but it is deem
ed probable that all requisite assistance
will be furnished for their escape in safety.
We have Vienna dates to the 23d ; Co
- morn had not surrendered, and there is
nothing of importance from that '1uarter.
THE NEXT CONGRESS.
The following statement of the relative
strength of partes in Congress. is copied
from the New York Journal of Commerce.
Though still imperfect it is not without in
terest.
CONG REss.-The gain of a Democratic
member of Congress in Maryland, leaves it
- entirely uncertain which of the two parties
will have a majority in the hlouse of Rep
resentatives. If the eleven members yet
to be elected should be of the same politics
as those representing the same districts in
the last Congress. there would be, in a full
House, a Whig of one. Thus
New Congress. Old Con's.
Whig. Den. IV. .
Illinois, 1 G l 6
Missouri, 5 5
Arkansas, 1 1
Iowa, S
Vermont, 3 1 3 1
Maine, 2 - 5 1 (1
Georgia, 4 4 4 4
Pennsylvania. 15 9 17 7
Florida, 1 1
south Carolina, 7 7
Ohio * 10 10 l l 9
New York, 32 2 24 10
New Jersey, 4 1 4 1
-Massachusetts t 9 '9
Michigan, 1 2 3:
U)elaware,. 1 1
Wisconsin 1: 2 1 0
Newv Iampshire, 2 2 2 2
Connecticut, 1 3 4
Rhode Island, 2 1 1
Virginia'** 1 13 G 8
North Carolina, 6 3 6 3
Tennessee, 4 7 5 6
Kentucky, 6 4 6 . 4
Indianta, 1 9 4 (i
-Alabama, 2 5 2 5
Texas, .2
Maryland, 3 3 4 2
11;3 1b7 116 103
*One vaenney by the deaith o odolphu is
Dickentson, Dem,
tO vaicancy.
t The Act of Congress adomittinig Wtsconmsin
into the Untion, authtorises hecr to senid three
mtemnbers, front and aler the 4th of Alatch,
- 1848, until the next apor tinment.
"One vacancy by thte death of air. Ne w
inan, Detm.
YET To BE~ ELECTED.
Last Cotgress.
Whole Numtber. II. D.
Mtississippi, 4 1 3
Louisiana, 4 1 3
-Vacattey in Ohio, 1 1
Do in Massachusetts, 1 1
Do iu Virgitnia, 1 1
11 3 S
- Elected as above, 220 113 107
Tutal, 231 11G 115
115
Whig majority, 1
Sucht will be the political complexion of
te House if the remtainitng 11 members
should be politically the satme as before.
The election itt Louisiana andI lissisip
pi takes place on the 5th ol next mouth.
'rho vacancies in Ohio and Virginia will
be filled before the meeting of Congress.
Also the vacancy in Massachusetts, if a
choice can be effected, which is very
doubtful. Three or four trials have al
readly been made, without sucecess.
SENAT.--The electio, of a Whig Leg
islatuare in Mlaryland, secures '.be election
of a Whig Senator fur the unexpired term
of Reverdy Johnson, now Attorney Gene
ral, ending 4th March, 185I. The place
has beetn tetmporarily supplied by the ap.
6 pointmneat, by the Governor, of l3enjanmin
C. lowardl, Detmocrat. As the new Leg
islature wilt not convene until the 31st of
December, M. hloward will he able to hold
his seat for about a month after the meet
ing of Congress. WVhen lhe shall have
been superseded bty a Whig, and when the
two vacancies ini Alabama atnd Illinois
shall hatve beent filled, as they will he, by
Democrats, the full Senate will cotmprisn
34 D~emocrats, and 26 Wh ligs. Dtmnocratie
mntioriry 8.
.J. --
ti ,Iiv v~lyi
EDGEF1lLD C. II.
\VED NESDA. Ocroeo. 17, 1849.
'i, We call attention to the Report of the
commissioners of Roads and Bridges found on
he first page of our paper.
Extra Court.
The Court of Common Pleas and General
Sessions closed at this place on Saturday last,
after a Term of two weeks. Owing to the
heavy criminal docket, little business was done
on the civil side of the Court. An extra Tern
has, therefore, been ordered to begin on tlese
cond4lnnolay in January next, and to continue
for taco wccls.
" State 1TIriais.
On Tuesday and Wednesday last Martin
Posey was again put upon his trial for the mur
der of his slave App, with his--ltther Francis
Posey and his brother Elbert Posey, as acces
sories tbefore the fact. 'Iho trial continued for
two days. The Prosecution was conducted by
the Solicitor, and N. L. Griflin, Esq: the de
fence by Messis Vardlaw, Dauskctt, and Car
roll.
Martin Posey was fond guilty of the mur
der. Francis Posey and Elbert Psey were ac
qn itted.
On Thursday the two young Greens, John
and Julius, uulertvent trial for the nrder of
Joshua tianmoud. Both were convicted, but
recommended by the Jury to mercy, in conse
quence of their youth. For the prosecution
M. L. Bonham, Solicitor. For the defence
Messrs Gray, Moragne, and Abney.
'Sugar Loaf Cotton.
Capt- Viley Ilarrison of this District, has
exhibited to us specimens of this new species of
cotton, which may be scen at the Post Office,
and at the Store of Messrs Christie & Williams,
of this place. The yield of this cotton is cer
tainly moro than that of the ordinary cotton of
the country. On one branch, containing two
little prongs, we counted it dozen bolls. The
staple is said, also, to be snperior.
Capt. arrison planted this year largely of
this cotton, and will have a large qantity of
sccd t6 sell, Any one wishing to make purchase
of seed for another year's cop, would do well
to make application in time. Address Capt.
llarrison, Longmires, P. 0. Edgefield District.
Life Insurance.
Mr. YOUNG, Agent for the North Caroina
Mutual Ijfe Insurance Company, is at present
in our Village on the business entrusted to him.
Tiaao e... pany n. ...vts e is n r murtu v ur rt um
ry. in which all life insurers are equally entitled
to the profits of the company, in proportion to
thie amount of premiums they pay. For it
stanoce, a tman at.25 years of age insures at
.$5.000; lhis premiium at 2.3 per cent would be
$120. *Allow the policy to continne for 34
years. anid coinpound the annual payonent of
$120 at 4 per cent, this will make $8,392.
Add thme profits of te instituition, amnd according
toi thme odata given, thme inmsuranuce wvillI aomuot to
$1 1.250, which, added to the atom insuireod viz.
$5,(000, produce the amount of $16,350, paya
bole at thme odeatho of the insured-secdinmg the
cost of inisurantce $7,S6.
Thec general utility and benevolence of Insu
rntce companies cannuot at this enljghotened day
be brnoughot ioitoi quiestioon. lIn all the enhtgtceed
parts of Europe, anod in the moost advanced por
tions of our owti country, they are ini general
uise. Tiheir utility is mtaniifest. Mien by saving
from their yearly incomnes a small pittance,
have it iti their power, in case of death, to leave
their flutnilies ini a comfortable situationi, beyond
the reach of pentnry andJ want.
WVe may recnr to this subject.
M~arylanud Legisinture.
There has beent in the Marylanid [lotuse of
Delegates a gain of eleven Denmodrats. Te
Ilouse will niow stand, Democrats 3G, Whtigs 46
Souin Carolina Intstitute.
It n ill be seen itt antother column, that
tihe titme for htoldinog this Inistitutto is post
pitied till 3d week itt Novober, on Tuesoday
ntight die 20mh, and that the address wvill be de
livered toy James II. Ilaimoond, Esqj.
Georgia Eections.
The Demtocratie ptarty of Georgia loas pro
vailed ini the recenot electionos. Townts manjority
oveer lulli, will, it is thtought, reach about three
thotusatid live hundiored.
Mayoralty of' Clealeton.
An eletion has recenttly been iteld in Char
leston to take the vote otn a proposed exten.tsiotn
oof the term of Oflice of tho Mayor atnd Alder.
tian, to two years instead of' one. A strong
ttij'ority has decided againist change.
Men wviula Tails.
A new race (of nuni hias been discovered itt
the initerior of Africa, with a prolongationa Of
the rerlkbrac, formning a Lail tee or four iniches
in loength, They are said to speak a dialect of
the A fricaon lanigua~ge, butt ate itt the lowest stage
of barbarism.. T1hey delight ini raw flesh, and
espectally itt the flesh of humtan beinigs. Can
Phlysiologists toot give soome clue to the genealo
gy of this singothar race ?
3. Mt. Barrett.
The, trial of this nototious inodividual los
been postponed till ntext March Termu, in order
to obtaini certain important evidetice. lie has
been let to Bail in tito sum of $1000, paid
down. If we jodge aright, lie wvill never re.
gopeaor to take lhis tr~ial. Perhaps, it will be
b'etter fot him, and thte country, if he do ntot.
We learn of tne violetnce or rudeness towards
him by the citizens of Spartanburg. lIe has
been treaoted fromo the beginintg with forbear..
ancee, atnd loas been let to depart in peace, cotn
trary, doubtless, to the expectations .of his
TI
A New State -.
The Normone of Salt,Lake hapi organised
a State Government, adopted a istitution,
and will apply at the next Sessiouf Congrrss
for admission into the Union. Ittis said, they
have left the question of slavery untouched.
- Mississippi, T.
The Delegates to the State "Convention met
at Jackson on 1st inst., and arnon themn lead
ing citizens from every section of the State.
Laying aside all party feeling, thi convention
nobly resolved upon the questtons iw deeply
agitating the South.
FOR TILE ADVERT!sF.R.
Mn. EDtToR -ou stated ait'itorial in
the last number of your paper,; a young
planter has made 80 bushels of rn on one
acre of land nod 1000 bushels o5 . acres. I
would ho glad that, that young p htcr would
inform eu as to the particulars; in:order that
other plantwrs may go and do liketvise-what
kind of land does he plant? Howddid hoplant
jit, and how did he cultivato it? And lastly,
how did he mueasure the corn-mo'd was. the
land accurately imensured. Iifointfiuon on
these points is respectfully asked for by
4r 01.1 1FLYTEft.
FOR TilE ADVEaTISER.
No. XV.
Reform.
We have endeavored to show, that in
novation, is of most dangerous ,tendency,
and conservation of the last imp6rtance, in
every government.. We are, however, not
so ultra as to deny the frequent necessity
of the former, or. to urge a blind-adhercnce
to the lattter. This would be' to hinder
progressive improvemen'. Tho-just doc
rine is, to advance the one without prejn
lice to the other :to innovate, .yet, asTar
as practicable, to conserve.. -This is the
true idea of -Reform. Tho "vweld,- in its
very signification, implies improvement-a
change from had to good, or from goii, to
better. Any change. then, whiih- elThcts
the reverse of this cannot be etyled.Reform.
With this general notion of the term, let
us consider first the nature, and seconlly,
the objects of Reform. First, its nature.
To amend, to correct, is, as we.havo sta
ted, its fundamental idea. It does not, as
:ommonly thougt, always accompany
:hange. Reform supposes the existence of
vi actual evil. The first effort, is then,' to
:Jetermine that evil: the next, to discover
a proper remedy; and afterwards, to give
that remedy practical efficacy. Three im
portant inquiries, arise, therefore, for con
iideration. First, What, in the laws, ens
oms and institutions of n country; may be
rrgarded evils, that need correction? 2nd,
What, is the best possible remedy for
those evils? And 3rdly, what results are
likely to ensue by the change ?
These ate questions of no ordinary con
cern. They demand, often, the first abili
ties, and the weightiest refleetion. To
deem that an evil donau'Jing reform, which
nay be inherent in government, or neces
sarily attendant on freo society, might load
to the most alarming conseq nces. It
mInlhl ta ,- 'i n o ....1. -r.. * unoa ..
iou, which in its headstrong 'rvor, may
Jestroy every thing valuable in the body
politic. Great wisdom is necessary to
:omprehend tho true policy of important
laws and institutions, anid to foresee the
sometimes terrile effects resulting from
their change. It is a suhject fit only for
the statesman and I'hilosophler!
It is, likewise, a ma~tter for discerning
tngncity to devisu the best remedies for pmo
litical evils.' To miako the remnetdy fully
enceompass the evil ; to foresee, that it will
be a permianenlt corrective ; and that it
w'ill give birth to tno danigeronis inciudents,
are subhjects for statesmnan-lille ability anid
wisdomn. Thesa are maiters ini which un,
informed and tunrellecting politicians are
almnost curt, to err.
TIhe usual style of reform among the
sciohists of our country, is to pull downt
entirely, antd to build 0up anewv ; to get rid
of one of the evils of an instiilion by des
troying tihe inistitutioni itself, and to rely
upon the hiazardlous efforts of rash expert
menit, to renmedy the inconveniences of the
effected chatnge-as, if an heir, to improve
his estate, shouild remnove the matgnificent,
though irregular i nsion, iinproved by a
lung line of ane Wrs, in* order to erect
some showy edifice to gratify the vitiated
taste of his fatncy aund times. This would
be too ptterile nor to excite contempt : yet
the folly would not eqjual that of him, whto
woultd demolish the costly and time-honior
etd edifice of stale, reared tapon the n isdomn
of ages at the expentse of mtillions of trea
sure and necanis aof blood, to erect ini its
stead,. a flimsy anid tottering fabric, to suit
the genius and compass of r~ewv fangled
theories, Yet how often is this folly ex
emplifiedl ini the daily conduct of. ntiTairs!
llow often are wise insiitutions and stntia
ry lawis made to yield io the rude vauda
lisnm of infatunted innovators!
Thle imnprlicy of stich procedure needl
scarcely.h'e dwelt upon. The disorder,
riot, confusion atnd atnarchy 'vhich follow.
furnish stillicient coimmientary. 'Let us ap
peal t'i history for illustration. 11ow diffe
runt has bteen the policy of':nations on the
subhject of political improvement ? One
nation has pursued a determined course of
Ref orrm, by removing and amentding abu.
ses and inconiveniences. but clinging to the
solid base-work of her ancient polity ;
while, anothier, despising tho' wisdom of
the past and infatuated by the charms of
novel theories, has utterly destroyed her
aid political orgatnizaltion and 'trusted to
the genius of Inivention for new and tein
porary governments. Contrast England
and F'rance. The former, like thelatter,
has texpeLrieed matny sudden political
ehatnges, amd popiular out breaks for reform.
Yet how differont the style of piroceduro!
Englaud, moving on, in her repeated ef
forts at improvetment, with .sturdy nmanli
ness of character. has lopped off from her
p~olitical system, many abuses and incon
vetniences, and secured important atdditins
to her charter liberties without shaking
ho foundations of the state Edifice. She
utroggled resolutely withi arbitrary power,
till she obtained 1her Miagna Carla, her
Carta de Foresta, her Habeas Corpus Act.
and her famous Bill of Rights, which,
writh great practical wisdom, she attached
to '.her old polity, thereby .adding large
ly lo the liberty anti bappiness of her
peele.
France has acted differently. In her
strugnles fur poiti eforP,_ e has n.with
a rabid spirit for change, twice utterly de
molished her once magnificent building of
state, roof, pillars, and substructure. She
has twice laid low all her time-honored
institutions, indiscriminately the good and
the bad.. She has twice abolished, by a
sudden convulsion, royalty, nobility and
all the strong safeguards of her once well
ordered government. And all this was
lone, to give place to anarchy, confusion,
and all their bloody consequences, and to
mock governments, as whimsical as they
were utterly worthless and farcical. It was
the fully of the spendthrift or the Parvenu,
who would destroy a splendid mansion of
commodious parts, to erect a new and
slehder structure only to exhibit a deceit
ful and showy exteriior.
We do not deny ihat France had many
real grievancies of which to rid herself;
but how much more wisdom would she
have displayed, had sho efTected a reform
in these, without breaking in so violently
upon the sound parts of her Constitution,
and the well-ordered institutions of the
country ! But she has already paid tho
penalty of her headlong ex periments, Ilow
does she stand at. present by the side of
England in point of social happiness and
political liberty.? The English, in a state
of superiur political and social privileges,
tire living quitclly in the mansion of state,
inhabited by their earliest ancestry, im
proved, it is true, to suit tho gradual de
velo pments of national prosperity, andi bay
ing yet some rudo appurtenances to be
lopped ol'by future refort, but still bear,
ing distiact traces of the admirable mason,
ry of its early founders.
The French, on the contrary, after rear
ing on the ruins of their ancestral dwelling,
in quick succession, various costly struc
tures, all fauciful and queer, have again
recently demolished their palace of state,
and are actually living out of doors, tn
protected against the storms of lass less
confusion mid riotous disorder.
Nor are they likely. we fear, soon to he
in a mtch better condition. In establisting
a new state organization, as many dilme
rent tastes are it, be consulted, as there are
contending factions in the land ; and, if we
are to judge of the future, by what we
know of the past history of that chival.
rons but inconstant people, we greatly fear,
that the new establishment will have no
durable basis on which to rest. Governu
meat has but two sure guaranties of per
manency, even when it is practically con
ducive to liberty. One is, when it rests
on a religious, and the other, on an histori
cal or ancettral principle. Thero must
be either a firm religious feeling among a
people to cause them to render respect and
obedience to government, or this respect
and obedience must be inspired by the
successful operation of government for
centuries, during which timo the virtues
and wisdom of a long line of ancestors,
have been happily displayed. There are
no other hopes for a free government.
Now, there n ill be none of the latter feel
ing in the now Republic of the French,
and candor compels us to acknowledge,
that, among the ruling population-the
educated and the wealthy-there is very
litle of the-former. Where, then, nro the
flatterin. itroresp . of the Republic of
Fraiio. ~vicur, iero is tiiile cannce
of stable government iil ti.at unhappy land
except under the strong rule of rigid Mon
archy !
At itmportant lesson may be drawnt from
thtese histotrical facts. Tlhey teach us. Iht l
to rcformt, we must prestree; that it is
proper, if practicable, to iopp off that.
wshich is tuseless and ittjuriouts, but, that it
is a paramount duty, to sureC that, which is
W'e lay it dowt, therefore, as an nxito
mnatic trtuh, thiat it is of the very nature of
iteform, to improre aind to preserre. - Jn
his e.lforts to get rid of abuses, tho truto
rcformecr, shoold diligently search out all
that experience has proven to be valuble'.
antd boludly labmor to prescrt'e it agaitnst eli
the shucks of innovation.
Osa or 'rnE PEOPLE.
OaEooN.-We gauter the following facts
from it letter iu the Gal-ena (Ill.) 21drniaer,
(ated Oregon City, alay 9.:
VTe products of Oregoni average, iti
vatlue, $500 for every adult individul.
The qutantiry orsawving timber is immteiise.
TIhte great export, htowever is Iwumber; the
forests are exhaustible, thn water~power
immnetse. thte market extensive and inrreas
ing. It is now worth from $10 to 8t00 per
thuousandl. owing to thte gold discoveries itt
California, atnd will always be worth &S20
for exportation to the Islands. They are
;300,000 of acres of finte timber land unt
occupied, some itmmendiately on shtip na
vigation. Thie water power is stated to
le abuondant for manufacturing purposes.
Astoria, necar the mouth of the river, is
destined to be the New-York of Oregotn.
while P'ortlatnd, oni tho Willamtic, is to
be the Albanoy-tlie head of ship tuaviga
tiont. Thirty feet water from this placee to
theo ocean cant always be obtaited--except
in two) places, one at the tmotnth o~f the
Willutmetme, atid the other a little tip, where
at low water anid low tide, there is onily
ninte feet. Tihe tidle all'ects it four or five
feet, so thrit every day a vesscl tuay comne
itn dlrawing~ 12 feet water.
Oregon City. by Nature, is equal in
water powertco what Rochester, N. York
has bectn rmade by Art. A river twice the
size otf Reck River, Ill. poturs downu three
differetnt chantnels, cut in solid rock, thirty
or forty feet. Islands are formted between
those channels, oin which mauchinery may
he erected. Above thte falls the valley
widens out itnto exteusive plains, the most
productive in wheat, the writer thinks of
anty on earth.
The steamhuip Massachusetts has just
arrived with 170 troops.
Our Governmnent had purchasced two
large saw-mills, at an expense of S38,000,
the object being the tmantifacture of lutmber
for building a furt, arsonal and light-house.
Fott -ruta Gnus.--llow many foolish
girls have ruinted themselves biy mtarryitng
young men who had nothitng to recotmmetnd
them but ricbes. '-Is hte rich ?"' has beetn
the inqpuiry, when a suitor has presetnted
himself. Fonhish girls! Rather ask-Is
he intelligtt? Is lie industniouts? Is he
virtuous ? Let thtese questionus be ans'wer
ed in the aflirmiutive, and if lhe had tnot a
second shirt to his back we will tttien er
for his course. WVeatlh may lbe lost, but
the good gntalities of the heart will always
remnaitn, like Imo sunshitte to warm anid to
bless Temember this.
From the South Garoliniau.- -
THE BANK-A PROFITA1JLE CONCERN
[BY REQUEST.]
Another ground taken by the friends of
a rechar:er is, that the Bank being very
profitable; it would bo bad policy in the
State to forego the pecuniary advantages
thence enjoyed. We have already stated
our conviction of the cardjnal principles of
rcpublicanistn which demands the entire
dependence of the Governtuent upon the
people, and shown how the Bank conflicts
with this principle. But even was it
otherwise-even was it granted that there
was nothing cut of harmony with the rest
of our rystem, in the control exercised by
our Government over large atnunts of
money not the immediate proceeds of tax
ation-yet we maintain that rhe pecuniary
interest of the people at large, so far front
requiring the exten.ion of tire bank-cittrter,
demands that its a1Fairs be gradually brought
to a close. Iti order to reason fairly on
this point of our case, let us regard the
Bank as a mere piece of public property
as a fund to be administered on with all
the hazards usually attendant upon batik
ing operations, and thoso superadded
which necessarily attach tosuch operations
when subjected to irregular popular. or
legislative interference. Taking this view,
we presume it will be readily conceded
that'ptofits ought to be very large to justi
fy the investment of a very great amonnt
of public property in a business so hazar.
dous. They ought certainly to he very
considerably beyond the ordinary rate. Is
it a fact that the profits of this nstitation
have been very considerably beyond the
ordinary rate? We apprehend that they
have nut been.. It would appear that tho
tmost successful years were the first eight
which elatpsed from the period at vhich
the Lank began its operations. The ag
gregate profits paid into the State Treasu
ry (which was thm cuurse pursued up to
October. 1821,) were for thoso years
3592.I01 34, whi-h is within a small
fraction of nine per cent. per annum on tho
average capital for those years of $822,
514 73. No doubt setne allowance- must
be ttade for difficuties attendant at the
outset of the enterprise, and accordingly
we find that for-the first threo years the
profits amonnted to a mere trifle. After
October, 1821, the sinking fund was crea
ted, and the Bank required to carry. all of
its nett profits-to the credit of that account.
And that fund has ever sinco been:the re.
cipient of those profits, and been charged
with the payment ;of tho interest and
principal of the public debt. In the mean
time, all of the unexpendod balances of
that fund have been used as capital; and
to the capital, thus increased, has been
added tho surplus revenie from the United
States, amounting to $1,951,422.09. and
nlso the tire loan, amounting to $1,810,
253 37. Owing to the varying amount of
the sinking fund, sometimes runr.img up to
$948,000, and then reduced to throe or
four hundred thousand dollars by pay
ments on accoutt of the public debt, it is
difficult, without entering into an elaborate
calculation, to speak with entiro and mi
nute accuracy. Bot we have drawn from
the reports of.the.itBnk itself enough to
an+:ryj-u tthn -wii 'i.ssak. into-canaida..
ration the sinking futid at all, the Bank
has never mado seven per cent. on the
capital of .1,017.993 94, made up of the
three itents abovo stated, viz: capital. fire
loatn, antI surplus revenue. I or soven
per cent. on that amotunt would be $281.
259 :37; atnd we fitnd the largest amount of
nett profits of anty one year to be $22G,
652 17. Atid, itndeetd, it is not pretended,
even bsy those most devoted to the Batnk,
that for she last twenty-seven years ninse
and a half per cent- has been reached in
any one year on the actual ca.piital em
ployed. The average nett profits of those
years too does tnt reach seven per .cent.
pier annum. As5 w htave totthsing in view
but the development and estabtlishmennt of
facts itt coninectioni with this inistitution,
we trust that we shall he set right if we
err int our statemnots.L Our design is not
to impugn motives or to impeach the
fidelity to their trtsst of thtase who have
mantaged the institution. We deem their
fidelity nnd integrity most remarkable, and
and every way wvorthty of the comnmunity
which have reptised cotifidenco in them.
It is wvitht thi itnstittion that ige have to
deal, anid tht we dleemt utnsound itt prin
ciple. That it is not so profitable as to
catuseus to wintk at! lhse vices of its con
situtiton, we think we have pirovedI; for
surely few will be fotsntd to cotitend that
any piece of property is very.v valuable
which cannot Ite made to yiel seven per
cesnt.; anti still fewver. we opine. will hold
thtat opinion where the property consists of
funds employed in bankitng, where the
profits should at leatst roach thei usual rate,
and sotmething over andi above- for instt
rance against the attendant hazards. And
more partienlarly should thso profits be
largtu in the case of a Barnk like this, whose
operationis mtust ever be linble to be tram
melled by popular or legislative interfer
eotee, or, perchtnce, caprice, and whose
mnanngemntt maiy afibrd exempjlificatios
o f t he old saw delirant reges, ylectuntur
Achivi.
Wo know that thse attempt has been
made by sthe frietnds of a rechartor to prove
that the Bank has already refunded to the
State the whlole amount of the original
capital investedl in it, attd that the clear
ga;ins of the Bank in thirty-seven years
have been upwards of $ 1,600.000. But
we thiik they hnavo faileJl itn their protof.
Instead of the lizatk having earned a sutr
pltus oif this amiountr, it a'ppears to us that
it still owetd the State ten nontis egto
81,35:3,33G 74; and we make out the ac
cotunt thuis;
WVe debit the Rank with
1. Capital paid in. $ 1,372,250 GO
2. interest on do. for thirty
five years. thirowing int
18141, '15, '103, and '17
as two years otnly, and
pttina Catpitaul at $1,
1 56318 AS* ' 2,83200 15
3. Interest ont Surpltus Rev
enine for eleven years, 7:35.995 43
4. Surplus Revenute, - - 1,051,422 09
5. Railroad Bansk Dividens
and Interest, 37,3-10 00
. SG,029,988 30
We credit the Rank with
1. i~hconeys paidl itto State
Treuasuiry and interests, Shi43.100 64
2. Sublscriptioni to Railromtd 200,000 00
3. Toenlntinnry (s ndr
1
pat-id 246,892 87
4. lsiterest on State Debt 1,819,750 45
5. Six per cents, paid, 990.378 O(
6. Five per cents. paid, 7441523.54
l3alauce duo State, 1.353,336 74
$6,029,988. 30
This've believe to-be a near approzi.
mation to the truth as matters stood tenor
tinelve montfhs ago t If it he so, the Bank
cannot stand securely on its merits with
the people as a most profitable specula
tion; for if we have omitted no credit to
which it .i entitled; it would-appeardthat
after the opcrationsi thirty-seven, year,
eo far frot having realized surplus profits,'
it owes 10je'Statc 4 sum hiaily egual to
the originalcapital invested. ' Z. _
* And this is most liberal to the Bank for
during the eight years the.nctual stated caphal -
~wnsS$1,10'6,220635 towit: from. 1820.& 127
inclusive;-and in 1828~it was $1,176,269 56:
. Andl a-'statemeut fTighly..favorable..to. the
Bank, as we have omitted to charge it with a
dollar on accnunt,of interdst..on.the-.sinking
fund, which has been in its hands as capital for
tweity-seven yoara, in atitonnts varying from
$120,000 to $948,000; and, as-an offset to.this,
surely we cannot set np the advances ,to the
State Treasury which are annually made for a
few mon:hs. The tine'uffset to the lutter is the
enjoyment of the proceeds of the- taleI, when
they do come in; td say nothing of the enroioed
deposit of moneys-by public officers. -
THE M. E. Cttuacu.-The correspon
dent of tho Baltimore Sutn writiog from
Alexandria, under iate of the st instsas:
The quarterly meeting of the' Methodist
Episcopal Church, which was to have
been held hero yesterday, has been post
poned until next Sabbath. Quite a dis
appointment was occasioned thereby to a
number of persons who attended their
placejof worship on yesterday morning, td
hear their presiding elder preach.
The revival in tho Methodist Episcopal
Church (South) is still in progress. One of
the rnembers of that church gave me the
following memorandum, which shews the
commencement and progress efthe work:
--"Meetings commenced Sabbath dayj
.1 ulv 29th, and have cont ' ued ever: since
every night except Sund tys. to thipre
sent time, a period of nine weeks. Up td
yesterday there have been added to the
church, as the fruit of this revival, 148
persons, embracing individuals from 60
years of age down to youth 14 and of 15
years; and still the work. is progressing,
without any sign of declension." This is
certainly the most extraordinary revieel -
of religion that has ever been witnessed
here. The season-of the Virginia Annual
Conference; which is to be held in Peters
burg, is. closa at hand, to which this ste. --
tion is to be attached. '.
ME WITt TAIL.-A French ecientific
commission has discovered a race of men
in Africa, with tails and no mistake. A
report was recently made to the Acade.mgy
ot Scie'ncos thernu.. They are one, re
move from the baboon, scarcely so hand
some or human as the onrang-uutang, but
can talk hko negroes. They are terible
savages, one of their peculiarities is.a fund.
ness for raw flesh. When they are-hppt
.aslnve's if not stulTed with taw meat
occasionally, they. are as dangerous its a
beast of prey. The slave-traders, on this
account, refuse to buy them, as they do pot
want their stnck to eat eacht other op.
Th'le deicriptions of them say that the
prolongation of the vertebrdli column gives
to eachi -individual-male or female-a
tail of two or tbree itnches long. They
are called Ghilatnces, and are rarely more
thtan fivo feet htigh; bodies lean and seem
weatk; arms long- and slim; forehead low
and receding; ears long and deformed;
mnouth wide. and furnished with teeth very
sharp.
GRAND LODGE oF GEonGaa.-The Mf.
W. Gratnd Mlaster, (Win. C. Dawson,) has
set apart Friday, the 26th day of October
inst., for the erection of a alonument, in
the town of Oxford, to the wtmory of our
deceased Brother, the Rev.- Ignatus A.
Few. Trhe soveral Lodges are required,
as far as their convenience wvill permit, to
be present on the occasion. All other
Institutiotns of Ancient Free Masons, and
sojournintg Brothers, are cordially invited
to atttend. An address in behalf of Emory -
College, ott. tho life and character of the
decensed, will be delievedl by the Rev.
Dr. ibleans. Thte several Rail Roa'ls have
agreed to ptass Birorters over them to at
temtd the erection of the Modnimeut at one
fourth the usual rates. -
The next Grand Communication will
assenmblo int 31acon, on Tuesday, the 30th
inst.-Constitu tiona list. -
\VORK FOn Oc'roaba, SoUTr.-S-r'a
zxo SwxE'r Po-raroEs.-In, the lan'er part
of this mothI, or-early in November, pre
pare for-preserving sweet potatoes for win.,
ier and spring. Select a dry spot, level
the ground, antd lay dlown a-bed of strawt,
so as to form a circle about six feet in di..
ameter. Ont this strawv, pile up the pota.. -
toes tuntill they formi a cone four or five
feet hight, over which sptrend-a little dry.
grass or straw. Cover the entire cone
with corn stalks, set up end-wise, with the I
buts resting ont the ground and the topw
reachintg over the apex of the heap, suf
ficienmly thick to conceal the potatoes.
Theu cover tho whole pile with earth, at
least a foot thick without leaving any air
htole at tho top, as is frequently the case.
A temporary shehter should: then be:mad~o'
over the conte, so as to prevent the rains
from washing off the eartli. This may be
donie by setting in the- groutnd near then
base of the pile four forked stakes, on,
which rails or small poles may, be placed,
to support a covering of bark, rpugh boards,
or thatch. Potatoes can be preservedin
this manner until'Jude, tnearly as fresh as I
Ki'rLHtEN GAannr.-Sow beets, turnips,
onions cabbages (early and large.sorts,)
radishes, (round atnd'lone.)-lettuces:eelery,
checrv i , endive, .cress,. spinach, Windsor
and polo beatns, lentils, mutstard, sorrel,
parsley, and retpict. Transplant aspergus
and strawvberries; also cabbage roots for
seed. Dress artiehokes, take away all
their suckers but threo to each stalk,; open
their roots lay about them tnew earth and -.
manure, and plant out suckers for. another
crop.
theo end.of~ this month. trasplant -all kinds
pf trccs and shirulbs except organgos and
amnns- A mcr A eriantrnrist. i *