Kollárová, Ivona: Freedom of the press in
Hungarian Late Enlightenment discourse ... 785
Macho, Peter: “He flew on wings of Slavonic feeling to Serbia to help the Serbs
in 1915”. The symbolic instrumentalization of M.R. Štefánik and Slavonic
community against the background of the inter-state relations of the time ...
809
Kováč, Dušan: How Europe Went to War in 1914 ... 845
Benko, Juraj: The Hungarian communist exiles and their activities in the years
1919–1921 ... 873
Štefanský, Michal: Gustáv Husák – First Secretary of the Central Committee of
the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1969–1970) ... 899

R e v i e w s

Dvořáková, Daniela et al.: People and the animal
world in the Middle Ages (Ján Steinhübel) ... 917
Bystrický, Peter: The dog in the mythology, religion and folklore of antiquity
and the Middle Ages (Ján Steinhübel) ... 924
Hlavačková, Miriam: George of Schönberg. Provost of Bratislava in the service of
Emperor and King (Ján Lukačka) ... 930
New volumes in the series of comprehensive works on Slovakia in the 20th century
Ferenčuhová, Bohumila – Zemko, Milan (eds.): In Inter-war Czechosloviakia
1918–1939; Hradská, Katarína – Kamenec, Ivan (eds.): The Slovak republic of
1939–1945 (Igor Baka) ... 933

KOLLÁROVÁ, Ivona. Freedom of the press in
Hungarian Late Enlightenment discourse.

Historický časopis, 2016, 64, 5, pp. 785-808,
Bratislava.

The study analyses the socio-political discourse
about freedom of the press in the Kingdom of Hungary in the context of the
1790-1791 parliament and the work of the commission for public and political
affairs on the preparation of legislation on freedom of the press in the period
1791–1794. Against the background of Hungarian constitutionalism, it notices the
opposition and argumentation of Hungarian county authorities concerning decrees
on the closure of private printing presses. It analyses further philosophical,
religious and political considerations, in order to point out their context in
the philosophy of the European Enlightenment, the concept of the social contract,
the French revolution and its liberal ideas. It shows how the concept of the
nation and the development of its culture as an expression of Hungarian
nationalism was brought into these considerations, and that the intensive debate
on freedom of the press and expression had no impact on the growing pressure of
censorship as an expression of a weakened political power.

MACHO, Peter. “He flew on wings of Slavonic
feeling to Serbia to help the Serbs in 1915”. The symbolic instrumentalization
of M.R. Štefánik and Slavonic community against the background of the
inter-state relations of the time.

Historický časopis, 2016, 64, 5, pp. 809-843,
Bratislava.

The study analyses the symbolic
instrumentalization of the national hero M.R. Štefánik in the context of the
modified form of Slavonic community in the 20th century. In the inter-war period,
the symbol of Štefánik was used to strengthen the Czechoslovak – Yugoslav
alliance on the basis of Slavonic brotherhood. The political representatives of
independent Slovakia and Croatia during the Second World War refused to build
their inter-state relations on the basis of Slavonic community. From the point
of view of Zagreb, Štefánik appeared pro-Serb and pro-Yugoslav, so he was an
undesirable symbol for the Croats. Emphasis on the strong Slavonic and Serbophil
identity of Štefánik became an instrument for Slovak opposition oriented circles
to articulate their resistance to the Ľudák regime and the Slovak state.

The study is devoted to the question of the
outbreak of war in August 1914. The author analyses the imperial aims of the
individual great powers and their war aims. He takes a critical view of the
attempts of some authors to transfer the blame for the war to all the
participants. According to the author, having imperial aims and starting a war
are two different things. The Central Powers played the key role in starting the
war in the summer of 1914. Germany used various channels to put pressure on its
ally Austria-Hungary to start the war quickly.

Key words: First World War. Outbreak of war. War
aims.

BENKO, Juraj. The Hungarian communist exiles
and their activities in the years 1919–1921.

Historický časopis, 2016, 64, 5, pp. 873-897,
Bratislava.

The study is concerned with the activities of the
Hungarian communist exiles in the period immediately following the fall of the
Hungarian Soviet Republic in summer 1919. The term Hungarian communist exiles
designates the specific ethno-political group composed of representatives and
adherents of the fallen regime, who left Hungary after their military defeat and
engaged in organizing the communist movement in other countries. They became
important figures in building up the communist movement in Central Europe,
especially in the former territories of the Kingdom of Hungary. Study of the
broad theme is limited to the transmission of the communist ideology, organizing
of the communist movement and the movement and activity of members of the
Hungarian communist exile group in the Central European region, Czechoslovakia
and especially Slovakia in the years of the so-called revolutionary wave, namely
1919–1921.

ŠTEFANSKÝ, Michal. Gustáv Husák – First
Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
(1969–1970).

Historický časopis, 2016, 64, 5, pp. 899-916,
Bratislava.

The study analyses the political decisions of
Gustáv Husák from his election to the position of first secretary of the Central
Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in April 1969 until December
1970. On the basis of the original sources, it evaluates the development, in
which important normalization measures were applied in the political leadership
of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. The position on the so-called
anti-socialist forces in the Communist party, rehabilitations, expulsion from
the Communist Party, the policy of the “ultra-leftist forces” and evaluation of
the developments before and after January 1968 were changed. G. Husák’s
Normalization policy was carried out under pressure from Moscow, which supported
the domestic conservative forces.

Key words: Gustáv Husák. Normalization. Presidium
of the Central Committees of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and Communist
Party of Slovakia. Ultra-leftist forces in the CPC. Expulsion from the CPC in
1970.