Medical records research — uses historical information collected from medical records of large groups of people to study how diseases progress and which treatments and surgeries work best.

About this study

To understand why patients with indigestion with or without diabetes have gastrointestinal symptoms and in particular to understand where the symptoms are related to increased sensitivity to nutrients.

Medical records research — uses historical information collected from medical records of large groups of people to study how diseases progress and which treatments and surgeries work best.

About this study

The purpose of this trial is to assess the performance of an Artificial Pancreas (AP) device using the Portable Artificial Pancreas System (pAPS) platform for subjects with type 1 diabetes using an insulin pump and rapid acting insulin. This proposed study is designed to compare closed-loop control with or without optimization of initialization parameters related to basal insulin infusion rates and insulin to carbohydrate (I:C) ratios for meals and snacks. The study consists of an evaluation of the Artificial Pancreas device system during two 24-27.5-hour closed-loop phases in an outpatient/hotel environment. Prior to the closed-loop phases, each subject will undergo a 7-day data collection period consisting of his or her usual free-living conditions along with 3 meals of known carbohydrate content. Data from the insulin pump, a continuous glucose monitoring sensor (CGM), diet and exercise records will be collected during this period. These data from this 7-day period will be analyzed in order to come up with adapted basal insulin infusion rates and bolus insulin to carbohydrate (I:C) ratios.

Medical records research — uses historical information collected from medical records of large groups of people to study how diseases progress and which treatments and surgeries work best.

About this study

The investigators will determine whether people with high muscle mitochondrial capacity produce higher amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on consuming high fat /high glycemic diet and thus exhibit elevated cellular oxidative damage. The investigators previously found that Asian Indian immigrants have high mitochondrial capacity in spite of severe insulin resistance. Somalians are another new immigrant population with rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes. Both of these groups traditionally consume low caloric density diets, and the investigators hypothesize that when these groups are exposed to high-calorie Western diets, they exhibit increased oxidative stress, oxidative damage, and insulin resistance. The investigators will compare Somalians and NE Americans who are matched for age, BMI, and sex. The investigators will measure ROS production in skeletal muscle following high fat/high glycemic diet vs. healthy diet. The investigators will compare the oxidative damage to proteins, DNA, and lipids in these two populations following 10 days of high fat/high glycemic index diet in comparison with low fat diet. The investigators will determine if elevated levels of oxidative damage in Somali immigrant populations is accompanied by high mitochondrial capacity, higher ROS-emitting potential, and lower insulin sensitivity than NE. The proposed study will be performed utilizing the state-of-the-art proteomic and metabolomic methods many of which were recently developed in our laboratory. The investigators expect the results from this study to provide seminal insights into the underlying mechanism of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, in addition to demonstrating mechanisms by which a functional proteome is maintained in vivo.

Medical records research — uses historical information collected from medical records of large groups of people to study how diseases progress and which treatments and surgeries work best.

About this study

Exendin-(9,39) has been shown to have effects on beta-cell function, and after gastric bypass, to accelerate gastrointestinal transit. - infused at rates of 300pmol/kg/min. Given that gastrointestinal transit is typically delayed by Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) and also that this hormone causes decreased food intake through increased satiation, it is reasonable to expect an effect of Exendin-9,39 on appetite. This may help explain the effects of gastric bypass on food intake. To examine the effect of Exendin on food intake we propose a dose-response study to determine whether the compound has effects in a dose-dependent fashion. We will examine the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms as well as food intake in the immediate aftermath of a test meal and the subsequent hours.

Medical records research — uses historical information collected from medical records of large groups of people to study how diseases progress and which treatments and surgeries work best.

About this study

Increased accumulation of fat into the muscles is associated with what is called insulin-resistant state, which is a pre-diabetic state. The purpose of this research is to find out how fat circulating in the blood following fat consumption is taken up by the muscles in healthy people as well as people that are insulin-resistant. The investigators are specifically interested in how a hormone called insulin is involved in this process. Findings from this research will contribute to our understanding of why insulin-resistant people have increased accumulation of fat in their muscles, and ultimately help to design appropriate interventions to prevent type 2 Diabetes.

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