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The Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Institute for Sex Research) was a privately-owned scientific sexual studies institute in Berlin, founded and lead by Magnus Hirschfield. Established in 1919, the institute provided one of the earliest such libraries into sexual research in the world, housing over 20,000 volumes. The institute was also linked to Hirschfield's Scientific-Humanitarian Committee, which, founded in 1897, was the world's first known LGBT rights organization, and the library featured some of the world's earliest research into transgender people. The institute also ran counseling and medical consultations, attracting people from all over Europe.

However, the period of relative tolerance in Weimar Republic-era Germany did not last. As the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, it launched a purge of gay clubs and activist groups in Berlin. On 6 May 1933, the institute was raided by the Nazi-affiliated German Student Union. Days later, the contents of the institute's library and archive were publically burned on 10 May, as part of the Nazis first ever mass public book burning. Thousands of documents and photographs were lost. [1][2]