Harper's Weekly was
the most popular news source during the Civil War. The paper was read by
millions of Americans during the war, and is popular today among
historians and serious students of the War. Browsing this collection
will allow you to develop a more complete understanding of the Civil
War.

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story is extracted from "Draper's
Intellectual Development of Europe :"

"Among the cultivators of
Platonic philosophy whom the times had left, there was a beautiful young women,
Hypatia, the daughter of Theon, the mathematician, who not only distinguished
herself by her expositions of the Neo-Platonic and Peripatetic doctrines, but
was also honored by the ability with which she commented on the writing, of
Apollonius and other geometers. Every day before her door stood a long train of
chariots; the lecture-room was crowded with the wealth and fashion of
Alexandria. Her aristocratic audiences were more than a rival to those attending
upon the preaching of the archbishop, and perhaps contemptuous comparisons were
instituted between the philosophical lectures of Hypatia and the
incomprehensible sermons of Cyril. It was not to be borne that a heathen
sorceress should thus divide such a metropolis with a prelate ; it was not to be
borne that the rich and noble and young should be carried off by the black arts
of a diabolical enchantress. Alexandria was too fair a prize to he lightly
surrendered

"Cyril at length determined to
remove this great reproach, and overturn what now appeared to be the only
obstacle in his way to uncontrolled authority in the city. As Hypatia comes
forth to her academy she is assaulted by Cyril's mob—an Alexandrian mob of many
monks. Amidst the fearful yelling of these bare-legged and blackcowled fiends
she is dragged from her chariot, end, in the public street, stripped naked. In
her mortal terror she is haled into an adjacent church, and in that sacred
edifice is killed by the club of Peter the Reader. With the blow given by Peter
the aim of Cyril was reached, but his merciless adherents had not glutted their
vengeance. They dismembered the corpse, and, incredible to be said, finished
their infernal crime by scraping the flesh from the bones with oyster-shells,
and casting the remnants into the fire: Though in his privacy Cyril and his
friends might laugh at the end of his antagonist, his memory must bear the
weight of the righteous indignation of posterity."

DIAGRAM FOR FINDING THE MOUNTAINS ON THE MOON.

a sight-seeing traveler,
guide-book in hand, examines the decaying tombs in Pere la Chaise, when he does
Paris, so we too will take a turn through this celestial church-yard, and
examine some of the grave-stones, although hundreds must pass unnoticed. Our
starting-point shall be Tycho (2), to great cavity, 55 miles across and 17,000
feet deep, with a high cone in the centre. This is dedicated to Tycho Brahe, the
Dane, the builder of Uraniberg, one of the oldest observatories in Europe, which
cost $200,000; one half of it he paid out of his own purse. He was not always so
peaceful as he has been for the last 250 years, since it is related of him that
he fought a duel with a nobleman, who cut. off his nose. He, however, replaced
it so skillfully with one made of colored wax that the loss was not perceived.
He kept in his family a madman, whom every day at dinner he made a footstool of,
in the belief that the remarks made in that position were prophetic. From the
edge of Tycho there is a deep groove extending many hundred miles to the
northeast.

Let us look to the south before
we move. (1) away at the pole is named after Newton, and affords another
instance of the unfairness we have alluded to. He, the Prince of Astronomers,
deserves the most conspicuous place, although modern disparagers would have us
believe that he became insane before he wrote on the prophecies, imputing it to
his sitting up many days and nights in succession, trying to turn other metals
into gold by the aid of a furnace.

To the southwest (3) is called
Bacon. There are two claimants for this monument—Roger Bacon, the discoverer of
spectacles, gunpowder, gases, whose writings were centuries in advance of his
time, and who was imprisoned ten years for the sake of science, and endured it
without complaint. The other, Francis Lord Bacon, who never made a discovery in
his life, who inveighed against mathematics and the use of instruments, and who
abused his power as a judge to torture men. He is now being found out. Which has
the best right we leave to the reader to determine. If the latter is to have a
place, let it he on the other side of the moon, out of the sight of scientific
men, or in Milton's Limbo.

In the same vicinity is (4)
Cuvier, whose discovery of fossil bones in the ground has taught us what animals
roamed on the earth in long ages past, and how the tiger, elephant, and
rhinoceros lived in England, under the shade of palm-trees growing in that (then
torrid) climate. Close by (5) is Maurolycus, which exhibits a high central cone
casting a long shadow to the right. Other more recent craters have broken here
and there through its walls.

Toward the east (6) belongs to
Fernel, who measured the earth by his carriage wheel revolutions; and (7) to
Nonius, whose true name was Peter Nunez, and who invented a scale for measuring
minute

parts. North of Nonius is a group
of four, one of which (8) commemorates Werner, who thought that the face of the
earth was made irregular entirely by the action of water. If, he has since
looked about him on the moon, and observed how pockmarked the surface is, and
yet how devoid of water, he must have changed his opinion. A little to the
northwest (9) is Geber. Dr. Johnson says that gibberish is derived from his
name, because he talked so obscurely. Westward (10) is Tacitus, the great
historian, distinguished for the very opposite quality, the pithiness of his
sentences. Speaking of Roman conquests, he said, " They make a solitude, and
call it peace." Between the two is interred the great caliph Almaimon (11), who
did so much for Arabic literature, and in the seventh century measured the size
of the earth on the shore of the Red Sea, and ascertained its true dimensions
within a few miles. Astronomers have not been as much disposed to deny the
Arabians their rights as historians have; for within a little distance Abulfeda
(12) and Albategnius (13) lie. The latter more than nine hundred years ago
determined the length of the year within two minutes. To the east are also
Arzachael (14) and Alpetragius (15), distinguished Moorish astronomers; and
close by the latter (16) Alphonso, the celebrated astronomical king of Castile,
who said that if the heavens were indeed arranged as awkwardly as his
contemporaries affirmed, he thought he could have fixed them better himself.

On the shores of the Sea of
Nectar (F) are the volcanoes for Descartes (17), the rival of Newton, and (18)
for Kant, the metaphysician. To the northeast are the monuments to Hipparchus
(20), the father of astronomy, who first numbered the stars, and Ptolemy (21),
whose book on the heavens was the great authority for fifteen hundred years. A
crater (22), insignificant in size, commemorates Herschel, but., considering the
great achievements of father and son, a double one should have been selected for
them.

On the brink of the Sea of Vapors
(Z) are Julius Caesar (23) and Sosigenes (24), who rearranged the calendar just
previous to the birth of Christ. Caesar, who was a good astronomer, found that
autumn fell where winter used to, and winter where spring. He brought Sosigenes
from Athens to Rome, to assist him in rectifying this confusion. They gave
fourteen months to the next succeeding year, and invented leap year, to avoid
the difficulty in the future. On the opposite shore of that sea is Marco Polo
(25), the Venetian traveler, whose statement that he saw black stones (that is,
coal) used for fuel in China was so disbelieved in Europe in the thirteenth
century. North of him are the Apennines (26), and on their eastern verge (27)
Eratosthenes, called the universe measurer. Still farther to the east is (28)
Copernicus, who is fitly placed, for he is the restorer of the ancient doctrine
that the earth revolves around the sun, for which he was put in jail at Rome,
and forced to recant on pain of death. Kepler (29) too, still farther to the
east, deserves his conspicuous place, for he discovered the three great
astronomical laws.

From the top of Kepler, and on
the far edge of the moon, is (30) Grimaldi, who proved that light added to light
may produce darkness. Aristarchus (31), to the north, occupies the brightest
spot on the moon. He is properly located above Copernicus, for he originated the
doctrine that the latter developed. The Apennine range, where it turns to the
northwest, merges into the Alps, on the western side of which are Eudoxus (32)
and Aristotle (33). Few men have exerted a greater intellectual influence than
this latter, who, after spending his patrimony in scientific pursuits, kept a
druggist's shop in Athens. Subsequently, however, Alexander the Great gave him a
million of dollars, and the services of several thousand men to make experiments
and write a history of animals. In the midst of the Sea of Showers (D), and
surrounded by the cenotaphs of Timocharis (34), who first determined the motions
of the planet Venus, of Cassini (35), the first Director of the French Royal
Observatory, of Autolycus (36) and Aristillus (37), old Greek astronomers,
stands (38) the volcano of Archimedes, the great geometer and mechanician of
Syracuse. In the present age of big ships his doings are of the highest
interest. Athenxus, in his Deipnosophists, relates how "Hiero, king of the
Syracusans, was very earnest in ship building, having built many vessels to
carry corn, the construction of one of' which is described. For the wood he
caused to be cut down such a number of trees as would have been sufficient for
sixety ordinary triremes. She was half finished in six months, and plated with
lead held on by brass nails, three hundred master workmen besides very many
journeymen being employed. Archimedes, the famous mathematician, was the
engineer-in-chief; having undertaken the superintendence when the other
architect had failed in the launch. He invented the screw, and so drew her into
the water. It took six months more to complete the outside. The vessel was
propelled by rowers and sails, and had 20 banks of' oars. The length was more
than 420 feet, and the height out of the water more than 60 feet. Inside there
were the most luxurious fittings—gardens and fish ponds, temples with beautiful
mosaic floors, tents, and stables for 20 horses. On the deck were 8 turrets, and
an engine that threw bolts 18 feet long a distance of 200 yards. The three masts
were hollow, and served to convey darts and stories to the men and engines at
the mast heads and on the yards. The prow was furnished with more than one ram.
When the ship was done Hiero found that no harbor in Sicily could contain it
safely, and therefore sent it as a present to the king of Egypt."

We may boast in this age of
progress of' the things we are doing, but find that more than 2000 years ago
there was an Ericsson alive who also could build formidable turreted metal -
clad ships, and could launch them when they stuck fast.

On the northern shore of the Sea
of Showers (D) is Plato (39). Every one knows how greatly his works were prized
by antiquity, but every one does not know that when put up at auction and sold
for a slave he only brought 420 dollars. Not far from

Plato rests poor Captain Scoresby
(40), whom many of us have seen in the flesh--a good whale-fisherman, a writer
on magnetism, and Arctic navigator. He appropriately reposes near the north pole
of the moon.

We might extend our journey back
again toward Tycho, and examine hundreds more of these souvenirs; but as we have
already come 3000 miles the reader must be fatigued, and will be ready to rest
when he understands that Beer and Madler, who were the undertakers of this
funereal work, spent twenty years in accomplishing it.

GENERALS KILPATRICK AND
CUSTER.

WE give on page 180 a
Portrait of BRIGADIER
GENERAL JUDSON KILPATRICK, whose late raid in the rear of Lee's army
is the most successful of the war. He was born near Deckertown, Sussex County,
New Jersey, on January 14, 1836, and is therefore only 28 years of age. He was
admitted to West Point, where he graduated in 1861, and entered the United
States army as Second Lieutenant of Artillery on May 6, just after the war broke
out. A week after he received a First Lieutenancy. He entered the war as Captain
of a company in Duryea's regiment (Fifth New York), and was severely wounded in
the battle at Big Bethel, June 10, 1861. As soon as he recovered he was made
Lieutenant-Colonel, and afterward Colonel, of the Harris Light Cavalry. In
Pope's Virginia campaign his regiment formed part of the late General Buford's
brigade. He took part in the Maryland campaign under General Pleasanton, and in
Burnside's campaign he particularly distinguished himself at Falmouth. He
participated in
Stoneman's raid, commanding a brigade, and
traversing 200 miles in less than five days, capturing over 300 prisoners. For
this success he was made Brigadier-General of Volunteers, his commission dating
from June 13, 1863. At Aldie, Middleburg, and Hanover, Kilpatrick distinguished
himself in the movements preceding the
battle of Gettysburg: he also commanded a
division in that battle, and was engaged in the pursuit of the rebels to the
Potomac. Afterward he came to New York city, where he commanded the cavalry
forces during the riots of last summer. General Kilpatrick has lately lost both
his wife and child, and is also without father, mother, brother, or sister.

We give also on the first page a
Portrait of
BRIGADIER-GENERAL GEORGE A. CUSTER, who was born in Ohio, and was
graduated at West Point, 1861, with the grade of a Second Lieutenancy of
Cavalry. He was attached to the Army of the Potomac, and distinguished himself
at Williamsburg in the Peninsular Campaign, for which success he was made a
First Lieutenant. On June 29, 1863, he was appointed a Brigadier-General of
Volunteers. He participated in the
Cavalry fights upon the Rapidan last fall, and
was at one time wounded in the leg, though not seriously. He was married about a
month since. In the late expedition, a full account of which will be found in
another column, he commanded the Cavalry division lately under the command of
General Buford.

THE
REBELLION IN 1861 AND
IN 1864.

WE give on page 181 a dissolving
view of the Rebellion,
representing. the proportions to which it has been diminished since October 1,
1861. The light tint on the map shows the territory which since that time has
been conquered by our forces, amounting to at least one half of the original
Confederacy. And the half which has been left has, as the reader will perceive,
been entirely cut into two separate sections by our possession of the
Mississippi and our victories in East Tennessee.

HUNTSVILLE,
ALABAMA.

THIS town, which is now the
head-quarters of
General Logan, and a sketch of which we give on
page 188, is the only one in the South that I have visited, says our
correspondent, that in itself suggests inhabitants of cultivated taste and
refinement. The streets are regularly laid out, and well shaded by fine trees.
The houses, too, have architectural design—a something that few homes of "ye
Tchivalrie" can boast—and have about them gardens well laid out, and very neatly
kept. The inhabitants are disposed to be " Union," but are fearful of the
consequence of' an avowal in its favor, in event of the reoccupation of the town
by the rebel troops. Still there are among the citizens very many stanch Union
men, who do not hesitate to say their thought. I have seen but one female
endeavor to show her dislike for the " wretched Yank." This one, after much
effort, got up such a visage that I produced sketch-book and pencil to reproduce
the novelty; but she would not stay en pose, and for consequence has not the
distinguished honor of an appearance in Harper. The Court-house Square is each
evening the scene of a dress-parade of the Thirteenth Regulars — General
Sherman's bodyguard, and a splendid regiment—Vicksburg heroes too. The command
of General John E. Smith is in and near the town, in camps that are said to be
the very neatest that have ever been seen.

THE TWENTIETH
REGIMENT.

WE give on
page 189 a sketch
representing the TWENTIETH REGIMENT, UNITED STATES (COLORED) TROOPS, receiving
their colors, in front of the Union League Club-House, Union Square. The
regiment, composed of a thousand stalwart men under the command of Colonel
Bertram, left its camp on Riker's Island at 9 A.M. on Saturday, March 5, end
were conveyed by the steamer John Romer to the foot of Twenty-sixth Street, East
River, when they disembarked and formed in regimental line. The very streets
through which they

passed were those which, during
the riots of' last July, bad witnessed a far different scene. The hunted then
were the feted now; the crouching suppliants for life then were now the upright
and triumphant defenders of the Government that momentarily found itself unable
to defend them against their persecutors. Over a hundred thousand spectators
were assembled on Union Square to witness this noble act of revenge. We quote
the following from Colonel Bartram's speech made on that occasion :

It has been the habit of those
among us who sympathize with the traitors now in arms against us to sneer at
what they are pleased to term the cowardice of the negro. I hope that
Port Hudson,
Fort Wagner, and
Olustee have forever settled this question. In
this regard I must be permitted to refer briefly to the conduct of the Eighth
United States colored troops, in the last-mentioned action. My reason for doing
this is, that for some three or four months I was on duty with this regiment, as
its Lieutenant-Colonel, and during this period I had ample opportunity to become
thoroughly acquainted with its officers and the material composing its rank and
file. No regiment ever went to the field better officered than the Eighth, and
no regiment ever contained a braver or more resolute set of men. How well they
fought is shown by their list of casualties; and, although a subordinate officer
in a battery thought to be misfortune to be supported by a colored regiment, yet
when we bear in mind that two veteran regiments had already found the position
too hot and had retired, I think we can afford to forgive this slander, and say
that the misfortune, if misfortune there was, was not in having a colored
regiment for a support, but in having an officer in the service of the United
States so biased, so ingenerous, so cowardly, as to slander the brave men who
fell around his guns.

LOGAN CROSSING LOOKOUT
CREEK.

ON page 189 we give a sketch of
GENERAL LOGAN'S TROOPS MOVING ACROSS LOOKOUT CREEK enroute FOR EAST
TENNESSEE—this neoVentent having connection with the late operations of Grant's
army. The command crossing the bridge is that of General Matthias. The view
given in the sketch of Lookout Mountain is said to be the very best.

HUMORS OF THE DAY.

MUCH MORE LIKELY.—An
"incorrigible young thief " is more likely to attain "age before honesty!"

A paper called Le Cratis has
appeared in Paris. It costs forty francs a year. Every thing's dear in France,
it seems. You can't get even gratis for nothing.

An Irish gentleman visiting some
friends, was received with so much hospitality, and drank so very hard, that he
departed in it shorter time than was expected; and when asked the reason, very
gravely said, "that he liked them so very much, and he ate and drank so
incessantly, t hat he was sure if he had lived there a month longer, he would
die in a fortnight."

M. About, in a recent
publication, says of en avaricious man, that "it had been proved that, after
having kindled his fire, he stuck a cork in the end of the bellows to save the
little wind that was left in them."

Mr. Jones called upon the
gentleman who advertise to restore oil-paintings, and requested him to restore a
valuable landscape which was stolen from him two years ago.

The following contains the
alphabet: "John P. Brady gave me a black walnut-box of quite a small size."

A REFLECTION BY A SCHOOL-BOY —The
man who plants a birch-tree near a school-house little knows what he is
conferring on posterity.

A gentleman who was determined to
out do the horticulturist who raised chickens from egg-plants has succeeded in
producing a colt from a horse-chestnut and a calf from a coward.

The death of a miser was lately
announced thus: " On Friday last died, Josiah Braintree, of Bennington, at the
age of ninety-eight. He retained his money to the last."

A Dutchman being advised to rub
his limbs well with brandy for the rheumatism, said he had heard of the remedy,
but added, "I dush better as dat—I drinks de brandy, and den I rubs mine leg mit
de pottle."

"Why don't you fire at those
partridges?" exclaimed a gentleman to a Cockney sportsman; "don't yon see you
have the whole covey before your?" "I know I have," said Tomkins; "but when I
have a good aim at one, two or three others will fly up right betwixt me and the
one I aim at."

A poet has commenced a new epic,
which begins well. It opens with an invocation to the Nine Muses, bursting forth
with these words, " Ye femi-nines!"

"Buy!" called out Brown trot the
waiter at Sams's. "Don' t call me buy, Sir ; I'm no boy, Sir," said the latter.
"'Then do as you'd be done by," put in Brown, "and don't call this mutton lamb
any more."

A man noted for his calmness and
a scolding wife was one night stopped in the woods by a pretended ghost. " I
can't stop, my friend," said he. "If you are a man, I must request you to get
out of the way, and let me pass If you are the devil, come along and take
supper, for I married your sister!"

The question has been asked, why
it is considered impolite for gentlemen to go in the presence of ladies in their
shirt sleeves, while it is in every way correct for the ladies themselves to
appear before gentlemen without any sleeves at all ?

Where should a captain of a
packet-ship keep his poultry?—In the hatchway.

When do 2 and 2 not make 4?—When
they are 22. New DANISH OATH.—" Dash my Schles-wig!"

Why is blindman's-buff' like
sympathy?—Because it is feeling for others.

Some men not only forget, their
own names when they are drunk, but forget themselves when they are sober.

An Irishman, while fishing in is
stream, was suddenly caught in a shower of rain, which obliged Lim to take
refuge tinder a bridge near by. On being asked if he expected to catch any fish
there, he replied, "An' shure, won't they be after cumin' in here for the
shelter?"

At a christening, while a
minister was making the certificate, he forgot the date, and happened to say, "
Let me see, this is the thirtieth?" " The thirtieth"

exclaimed the indignant mother;
"indeed, but it's only the
eleventh."

Mrs. Partington, when Ike was
about to proceed to the Black Sea, among other parting admonitions, gave him
strict injunctions not to bathe in it, for she did not want
to see him come back a nigger.

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