Some movies grow as you think back on them, others shrink. “Atomic Blonde” is a shrinker, which is strange, when you think about it, because this hyperstylized, ultraviolent thriller with a super-seductive title stars Charlize Theron, a marvelous actress in any role and, in this one, a huge presence throughout.

She plays Lorraine Broughton, an MI6 agent sent to Berlin in 1989, just before the crumbling of the Wall, to retrieve what’s called an atomic bomb of information, a list of double agents that could, someone says,...