Introduction

Under normal conditions, the skin receives 8.6 per cent of the total circulating blood flow. Under conditions of stress, this rate may quadruple. When the blood temperature is elevated as little as 0.01 °C above 37 °C, heat dissipation is required to maintain this core temperature. Thermal changes are detected by two routes: skin sensory thermal nerve endings and blood temperature. Both detection mechanisms are integrated within the hypothalamus, which then sends impulses to several structures including the peripheral blood vessels and the sweat glands. The vasoconstrictory sympathetic nervous system impulses to the smooth muscles of the tunica media of the skin arterioles are inhibited, leading to vasodilation and sweat gland secretion. This allows efficient thermal exchange provided that environmental conditions, such as ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed, are appropriate. External body cooling, which causes peripheral vasoconstriction, may actually be of little value by not allowing for heat dissipation ( A§h...,aD.d K.a.sh.m®.§iy 1995)

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