Abstract

As the life expectancy of people living with HIV infection has increased (through recent advances in antiretroviral therapy), clinicians have been more likely to encounter neuropsychiatric manifestations of the disease. Some patients present with cognitive deficits due to an HIVtriggered neurotoxic cascade in the central nervous system. However, more patients present with a depressive spectrum disorder during the course of their illness, the underlying pathogenesis of which is not as well understood. This category of psychiatric disorders presents diagnostic challenges because of the many neurovegetative confounding factors that are present in association with HIV illness. As quality of life becomes a more central consideration in the management of this chronic illness, better awareness of these neuropsychiatric manifestations is paramount. This article reviews these clinical issues and the available psychopharmacologic treatment options.

Competing interests: None declared for Drs. Dubé, Benton and Cruess. Dr. Evans has received grants and/or research support from Cephalon, GlaxoSmithKline and the National Institute of Mental Health. He is on the speakers’ bureau for AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline and Wyeth and has acted as a consultant with Abbott Laboratories, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Forest Pharmaceuticals, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Novartis, Pfizer, Glaxo-SmithKline, Somerset and Wyeth.

Contributors: All authors contributed substantially to drafting and revising the article, and each gave final approval for the article to be published.