Agrarian reform in Moldova, as in all former Soviet republics, involved the transfer of land and assets of collective farms in private possession, and also restructuring of the last. It was supposed that the given directions of reforms will provide, in shortest terms, recovery of agriculture and will serve as the catalyst for serious transformations of rural areas. As a matter of fact, they became the catalyst of new problems: As appeared subsequently, the end of land transformations does not mean at all the termination of problems, but only their beginning. It is well known the fact that improvement of the state in any sector of economy and even economy at all, is in direct dependence on correctness of decision-making. But the last one, is impossible without an objective estimation of the state and existing problems. The aim of this paper is to present a study of the major problems of Moldavian agriculture and estimation of its state after cardinal agrarian transformations of the 90?ies.