NONEL USERS MANUAL

NONEL SYSTEM

USER´S MANUAL
CONTENT
NONEL INITIATION
2
The tube
The detonator
The connector block
Three different NONEL systems
NONEL MS
Firing pattern for bench blasting
Initiation with dertonating cord
Underwater blasting
Sublevel stoping
NONEL UNIDET
NONEL UNIDET - Principal of initiation
Risk of overlapping
Wide-space effect
Firing pattern UNIDET 1 - Plowformed initiation
Firing pattern UNIDET 2 - Large burden and large diameter holes
Firing pattern UNIDET 3 - Very large burden and large diameter holes
Firing pattern UNIDET 4 - Top and bottom initiation
Firing pattern UNIDET 5 - Zig-Zag connection
Firing pattern UNIDET 6 - Deck charging to control ground vibrations
Firing pattern UNIDET 7 - Smooth blasting
Firing pattern UNIDET 8 - Presplitting
Firing pattern UNIDET 9 - Trench blasting
Firing pattern UNIDET 10 - Trench blasting
30
Nonel SnapDet
NONEL LP
Bunch connector
Initiation with detonating cord
Initiation
Firing pattern LP 1
Firing pattern LP 2
Firing pattern LP 3a
Firing pattern LP 3b
Firing pattern LP 3c
Initiation using DynoLine with DynoStart
Initiation using DynoLine with HN 1
45
Initiation using electric detonator
Remote controlled initation of underground rounds. DynoRem Mine.
NONEL Special products
Destruction of detonators
Misfire procedure
Data sheet, the NONEL system
CE-certificate
1
4
5
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10
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15
16
17
18
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
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31
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35
36
37
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52
NONEL INITIATION
UserÂ´s manual
When the NONEL-system was introduced into the market 1973 by Dyno Nobel
(then Nitro Nobel) the rock blasters got an initiation system that could replace the
electric initiation system with its risks for unintentional initiation due to thunderstorms, leak currents, vagabonding currents, induction etc.
The NONEL-system is a shock tube system where the electric wires have been
replaced by a plastic tube in which the inside walls are covered with a reactive
material which can carry a shock wave through the tube with a velocity of 2.100
m/sec. The shock wave emits, at the end of the tube, a flash which is strong enough
to initiate a detonator. The outer diameter of the plastic tube is 3 mm and it is not
affected by the shock wave which goes through it, and as such it does not initiate the
explosive that is in contact with the tube.
The NONEL-system is insensitive to electric influence, except for direct stroke of lightning and is thus ideal when electric initiation is not possible nor permitted.
Unlike other non-electric initiation systems such as detonating cord the reaction in
the NONEL tube is contained in it, while detonating cord, as the name indicates,
detonates with a velocity of 6.500 m/sec and emits a high pressure shock wave.
Detonation front
2.100 m/sec
6.500 m/sec
The shock wave is contained in the NONEL-tube while detonating cord detonates.
2
When using NONEL the explosive in the hole can be initiated
from the bottom in an efficient way. Detonating cord initiates the
explosive from the top of the hole and may, when using relatively
insensitive explosives as ANFO and certain emulsion explosives
it can cause dead pressing.
Top initiation with detonating cord often causes flyrock as the stemming is
destroyed when the detonation wave goes through it.
When initiating with NONEL the surface activation is well ahead of the initiation of the explosive in the
blasthole. A combination of U 500 in the blasthole and Îľclip 42 on the surface most often gives
the result that the whole round is activated before any rock movement starts.
3
The tube.
The NONEL tube is the original low energy fuse that was
introdudced into the market in
1973 by Dyno Nobel (Then Nitro
Nobel).
The tube, which has an outer
diameter of 3 mm is internally
coated with a reactive material.
When the tube is subject to an
initiatig impulse from, as an
example, a shot shell primer or
a highly intensive spark from
a blasting machine, a shock
wave is sent through the tube
with a velocity of 2.100 m/sec.
The shock wave is sufficiently
strong to initiate a detonator but
3 layer NONEL tube
not strong enough to burst the
tube and and affect the string of
explosives it goes through.
The tube is extruded in 3 layers each of which has different different properties.
The innermost layer has good adhesive properties for the reactive material to
adhere. The middle layer gives the tube its good tensile strength and the radial
strength that is necessary to prevent the tube from bursting by the strain caused
when the shock wave goes through it. The outermost layer has good abresive resistance and is also the layer where the coloring of the tube is done. The tube is
UV-protected to withstand strong sunlight during extended exposure without the
ability to initiate being affected.
The NONEL tube is color coded. It is availabe in three standard colors.
* red for bench blasting detonators
* yellow for the tunnel series
* pink for surface connectors, Starters, bunch connectors and DynoLine
The NONEL tube may also be supplied in other colors if there is a need. An example
is when several detonators are used in each hole and different colors facilitate the identification of the different detonators.
Dyno Nobel are introducing a new shocktube - NONEL W which is partly transparent. The
shotfirer will then be able to more clearly differentiate a fired shocktube from an unfired
one.
4
The detonator.
Nonel tube
Sealing plug
Delay element
I-element
Base charge
Aluminum
shell
5
In 1992 Dyno Nobel introduced a completely new concept for
detonators on the world market. It was the NPED detonator
(Non Primary Exposive Detonator) which does not contain any
primary explosive. Primary explosives have been the greatest
problem in manufacture and use of detonators and caused
many accidents over the years due to their sensitivity to friction, heat and impact.
The primary explosive has in the NPED detonator been replaced by an initiation element (I-element) which contains a
secondary explosive, in this case PETN. In the initiation element the firing impulse from the delay element is transformed
from deflagration to detonation in a very short period of time
which then initiates the base charge.
Detonators from Dyno Nobels are rated as strength No. 8
(according to Prior test 10) for safe and reliable initiation of
modern explosives.
The detonator shell which is made of aluminum contains, not
counting the I-element, a base charge of RDX (also a secondary explosive) that initiates the explosive. The total charge
weight of explosive in the detonator is approx. 1 g.
On top of the I-element lies a delay element that delays the
detonation a predetermined time after that it has been initiated
by the flash from the NONEL tube. The delay times vary in
different steps between 25 ms (0.025 sec) and 6000 ms (6 sec).
The detonator is sealed by a rubber sealing plug which makes
the detonator water restistant.
The delay time in a NONEL detonator is the sum of the delays
in the delay element and the I-element plus the inherent delay in the NONEL tube which is 0.5 ms per meter tube. (The
velocity of the shock wave in the tube is 2.100 m/sec). The
nominal delay time is set with 6 m tube for blasthole detonators and 4.8 m for surface connectors.
During the last 50 years research has been concentrated on better
precision in timing of the detonator. Nevertheless there is an unavoidable scatter in timing between different detonators with the
same nominal time. The scatter depends on small differences in
raw material, packing density of the pyrotechnical composition
and temperature along with the age of the detonator.
With the short delay times in the MS-series (0.025 sec) the margins are small to avoid overlapping. Overlapping is obtained
if a detonator with higher period number detonates before one
with lower period number.
According to the Swedish Standard,
(SS 499 07 07) the scatter in a delay
detonator should not be big enough to
cause overlapping, that is; a detonator
with a lower period number should always detonate before one with a higher
period number.
However, Dyno Nobel has internally set
the scatter limits tighter to avoid the risk
of overlapping.
This explains why the precision in the three
NONELsystems are different; NONEL
UNIDET is best, NONEL LP has the largest scatter and NONEL MS is inbetween.
Tn
Tn+1
Good precision, right value
Good precision, wrong value
Bad precision, right mean value
Bad precision, wrong mean value
6
The detonator shells are marked with:
EXPLOSIVE
DANGER
DETONATOR
After DETONATOR the detonator delay time is marked. In the example in the photograph 500 MS.
After DANGER is the letter G which indicates that the detonator
was manufactured in Gyttorp.
7
The connector block
The NONEL system includes 8 different connector units, known as
εclip are included in the NONEL system.They are used to connect
the NONEL MS series (εclip 0) and NONEL UNIDET (εclip 0,
εclip 17, εclip 25, εclip 42, εclip 67, εclip 109, εclip 176, εclip 285.
Description of the systems are to be found on pages12 and 17.
Each connection block can initiate up to 8 tubes and the design of
the block is such that the tubes are initiated in both directions.
The function of the connecting blocks is to relay the shock wave
through the NONEL tube in connection points.
This can be done with or without delay in the mini detonator which
is placed in the connecting block.
Note: The connecting block εclip is exclusively designed for transmission of the shock wave on the surface of the rock and must not be
used in blastholes neighter for initiation of detonating cord.
8
Connection of NONEL.
εclip is designed for the initiation of up to 8 NONEL
tubes.Thanks to the design of the block, the tubes are
initated in both directions. The function of the εclip can
not be guaranteed when used together with shock tube
systems of other brands. The εclip should not be used to
initiate detonating cord.
Connecting procedure.
It is simple to connect a round with εclip, the connecting block is hooked to the tube of the blasthole
detonator and then the rest of the tubes are pushed into
the block with the thumbs or pulled into the block. If 8
tubes are to be connected into the block they should be
placed into the block one by one to fit in place..
Make a point of introducing the NONEL tubes behind
the grooves in the block.
Carrying out the connection.
The connection should be done as close to the blasthole as possible. The NONEL tubes are tightened up
for better overview of the connection. However, it
should not be too tight especially it the round is to be
covered with heavy mats.
Splinter.
The minidetonator in the εclip gives a certain amount
of splinter that may damage adjacent NONEL tubes.
The safety distance from the connection block to adjacent tubes should be at least 15 cm.
Locking the tube.
The NONEL tubes should be connected inside the identification tag but at least 60 cm from the detonator or connection block. If there is a risk that the connected NONEL tube
is pulled out of the block, it should be locked by connecting
the tube on the other side of the block or by making a knot
on the tube. To connect the fourth tube on each side keeps
all the connected tubes effectively in place.
Reconnection
If it is necessary to remove connected tubes from the εclip,
bend the tube and pull according the the sketch at the left. To
facilitate the removal of tubes, especially in cold weather,
press the flap somewhat upwards with the thumb.
Reconnection must be carried out in a way that avoids
damage to the plastic block or the tube.
9
Three different NONEL systems.
Three initiation systems based on NONEL are available:
NONEL MS
NONEL UNIDET
NONEL LP
NONEL MS and NONEL UNIDET are used for bench blasting
and the delay times are adapted to the conditions prevailing in
bench blasting.
In bench blasting with several rows of holes, it is important that
the rock from the first row is given sufficient time to move forward before the rock from the second row starts to move. When
the rock breaks by the explosive, its volume increases by approx.
50%. Room must be made for this increase in volume in a very
short time. Studies have shown that the rock in one row should
move forward 1/3 (one third) of the burden distance before next
row detonates. The delay time may vary from 10 ms/m burden
in hard rock to 30 ms/m in soft rock. Normally 15 ms/m can be
used as a guide value.
10
NONEL MS is a conventional initiation system with 25 ms
delay time between each period number. The short delay
times remains from the times when small diameter blastholes
and small burdens were predominent
Drill series 11 and 12 give burden distances of 1.0 to 1.5 m and
then a delay time of 25 ms between the rows is suitable.
NONEL MS is used in bench blasting , underwater blasting and
sublevel stoping.
NONEL UNIDET is an initiation system with uniform delay time
in the blasthole detonator and variable delay time on the surface.
The delay time in the blasthole is normally 500 ms (other delay
times may be chosen), Then the firing sequence is built up on the
surface with connecting units with their own delays.
Surface delay units are available with delay times from 0 ms
to 285 ms which gives greater flexibility to adapt the firing sequence to burden distance and rock conditions.
NONEL LP is an initiation system developed for underground
operations. The delay times are generally longer to give the
blasted rock time enough to move forward in the confined spaces
that are prevailing in tunnel blasting.Â¨
NOTE! Detonators intended for blastholes may not be used at
the rock surface.
11
NONEL MS
NONEL MS is conventionally designed with 25 ms delay between
the period numbers. The firing sequence is built up through the
unique delay time that each period number has. The initiation of
the round takes place on the surface with connection blocks with
momentary initiation, Îľclip 0. The system has 18 periods numbered from 3 to 20. The system starts with No.3 (with 75 ms delay)
to allow all surface connectors to be activated before any explosive
detonates causing a potentional cut off. (The NONEL-tube has an
inherent delay of 0.5 m/sec as the shock wave velocity is 2.100 m/
sec, that may cause problem in bigger rounds with long surface activation trunk line). With a 75 ms delay of the first period it is possible to have 150 m of tube in the connection units on the surface
without risking parts of the round being cut off due to flyrock.
The NONEL tube to a detonator with lower nominal period number must not be more than 8 m longer than the tube of a detonator
with the next higher period number.
NONEL MS is mostly used in bench blasting above and under
ground, in underwater blasting and sublevel stoping.
12
Firing pattern for bench blasting
In this case each Îľclip initiates 6 blasthole detonators and one connection block. For shortest possible delay of the surface initiation
the initiation is made from a trunk line.
13
Initiation with detonating cord
Rounds with NONEL MS can be initiated with detonating cord if
noise and air shock waves can be tolerated at the work site. Detonating cord with a core load of 5 g/m is recommended.
The NONEL tube is best connected to the cord by MULTICLIP.
14
Underwater blasting
In underwater blasting using NONEL
MS it is recommended that two detonators are used in each hole. The tubes
from the detonators are connected to
Îľclip 0 above the water surface, preferrably on floats of polystyrene or
similar.
To secure initiation in underwater
blasting, the initiation should be
done via 2 trunklines.
Underwater rounds may also be initiated by a 5 g/m detonating cord.
A minimum of 5 to a maximum of
20 NONEL tubes are collected into
a bunch and then taped together.
The detonating cord is tied around
the bunch with a clove hitch. Alternatively a bunch connector with
SnapLine block can be used. See
pages 35 and 37.
The bunches should have a distance
of at least 0.5 m between each
other to avoid the risk of cutoffs of
tubes.
15
Sublevel stoping
Sublevel stoping is a
mining method where
holes are drilled in a
circle from a development drift and blasted
towards a raise shaft or
blasted rock. NONEL
MS is well suited for
sublevel stoping which
is kind of upside down
bench blasting.
Caved hanging wall
Mining; Blasting and loading
Drilled
Production drilling
Development of
new sublevels
16
NONEL UNIDET
The NONEL UNIDET system is based on an inhole detonator with
uniform delay times. All inhole detonators in the round have the
same delay time and the firing sequence is built up on the surface
with connection units with their own inbuilt delays. The delay time
of the inhole detonators is normally chosen to be 500 ms which
gives time enough for surface activation of all inhole detonators
before any rock movement starts.
Dyno Nobelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s recommendation is to use 2 detonators in each
charge when the hole depth is over 10 m or when the rock is fissured or water saturated. When the holes are fissured, it is common that the explosives string separates and then it is necessary to
have one detonator in the bottom of the hole and another in the top
part of the hole. The delay time of the bottom detonator should be
shorter than that of the top detonator to avoid top initiation.
17
NONEL UNIDET - Principal of initiation
All the holes in the round are normally loaded with detonators with the same
delay time. In this case 500 ms.
The firing sequence is determined on the surface with Îľclip connection blocks.
18
Îľclips are available with different delay times, they are color
coded, each color indicating the delay time.
Green
0 ms (nominal 2 ms)
Yellow
17 ms
Red
25 ms
White
42 ms
Blue
67 ms
Black
109 ms
Orange
176 ms
Brown
285 ms
Surface activation is completed before any rock movement starts.
19
Risk of overlapping.
Maximum size of rounds for different initiation patterns when using
NONEL UNIDET.
According to Swedish Standard SS 499 07 07 “Initiation system
with non-electric shock tube of low energy type” section 19.4
“theoretical verification” the maximum size of rounds for different
initiation patterns should be specified. If the specified number of
holes is exceeded there is a risk of overlapping according to the
Swedish Standard.
We advise against firing patterns that do not meet the demands of
the Swedish Standard.
The calculations are based on nominal delay times given by the
manufacturer and the maximum standard deviations and shall show
when there is a risk of overlapping in the most unfavorable case.
Overlapping means that a hole in the row behind detonates before
a hole directly in front of it.
The risk of overlapping is stated for each initiation pattern.
The recommendations given are valid under the condition that all
in-hole detonators have the same active tube length. Active tube
length means the length of tube that is between the in-hole detonator and the point where the surface connection unit is connected.
The additional time, due to the shock wave velocity in the tube,
adds to the delay time and adversely affects the number of holes
in a row when the active tube length decreases with the length of
the round, i.e. when the active length of the tube is shorter in one
row than in the row in front. For this reason the greatest permitted
difference in length is 5 m.
Differences in length from 0 to 5 m have been taken into account have been taken into account when computing the risks
of overlapping.
NOTE! The delay times between the rows must always be longer
than the delay times between the holes in the rows.
20
Wide-space effect.
The typical drilling pattern has a spacing/burden ratio of 1.25,
which has proved to give good rock fragmentation in multiple row
blasting. In the 70s, tests were carried out in Sweden with widespace hole blasting with S/B ratios greater than 1.25. The results of
the tests showed improved fragmentation up to an S/B ratio of 8.
The burden and spacing must be normal in the first row, otherwise
the burden will be too small increasing the risk of flyrock.
Typical drilling pattern
Wide-space drilling pattern
en
rd
Internal burden
a
rn
e
Int
u
lb
By changing the firing pattern instead of the drilling pattern the
same wide-space effect is accomplished. This is easy with NONEL
UNIDET and its combination of connection units with different
delay times.
21
Firing pattern UNIDET 1 - Plowformed initiation
Firing pattern with 42 ms delay between the rows and 17 ms
between the holes in the rows. Plowformed initiation gives good
wide-space blasting effect.
Risk of overlapping:
Îľclip 17 should not be used between rows. Then the risk of overlapping is greater than that stated in Swedish Standard. In all other
combinations where the delay time between holes in the rows is
shorter than the delay times between the rows the overlapping risk
does not exceed the demands stated in Swedish Standard.
22
Firing pattern UNIDET 2 - Large burden and large
diameter holes
Firing pattern with 109 ms delay time between the rows and 17 ms
between holes in the row. Suitable for rounds with relatively large
diameter holes and thus large burdens. The holes are connected
directly to the hole in the row in front.
Risk of overlapping:
Îľclip 17 should not be used between rows. Then the risk of overlapping is greater than that stated in Swedish Standard. In all other
combinations where the delay time between holes in the rows is
shorter than the delay times between the rows the overlapping risk
does not exceed the demands stated in Swedish Standard.
23
Firing pattern UNIDET 3 - Very large burden and
large diameter holes.
Firing pattern with 285 ms delay time between the rows and 42 ms
between the holes in the rows. This gives a wide-space blasting
effect. Each hole has 2 detonators giving back up initiation by connecting each detonator different connection blocks.
Risk of overlapping:
Îľclip 17 should not be used between rows. Then the risk of overlapping is greater than that stated in Swedish Standard. In all other
combinations where the delay time between holes in the rows is
shorter than the delay times between the rows the overlapping risk
does not exceed the demands stated in Swedish Standard.
24
Firing pattern UNIDET 4 - Top and bottom initation
U 500 detonators are used both in top and bottom of the hole. The
top detonator is delayed in relation to the bottom detonator by connecting it to a connecting block in the next row. In this case the top
detonator is delayed 67 ms in relation to the bottom detonator. This
is to avoid top initiation as far as possible.
To distinguish which detonator is in the top and which is in the
bottom, the top detonator has yellow tube and the bottom detonator
red tube.
The firing pattern is suitable when the rock is fissured and when
bulk explosives are used.
Risk of overlapping:
An unlimited number of rows and holes in the rows may be connected without exceeding the demands stated in Swedish Standard
for overlapping.
25
Firing pattern UNIDET 5 - Zig-Zag connection
Simple zig-zag connection with 101 ms delay between the rows and
59 ms between the holes in the rows. However, in the beginning of
the connection the delay times are shorter, 59 ms respective 17 ms.
This firing pattern is suitable for firing a simple 2 row blast.
Risk of overlapping:
No risk of overlapping.
26
Firing pattern UNIDET 6 - Deck charging to control
ground vibration
Three-piece charging for blast sites with ground vibration
problems. Each portion of the charge gets its own delay time
as in-hole detonators with 450, 475 and 500 ms delay are used.
101 ms delay between the rows and 59 ms between the holes in
the rows. (Except hole 1and 2 in the first row.)
Risk of overlapping:
No risk of overlapping.
27
Firing pattern UNIDET 7 - Smooth blasting
Smooth blasting with NONEL UNIDET. The smoothblasting row
is connected in such way that it fires last.
Risk of overlapping.
0 m difference in active tube length
Number of holes that may be connected without exceeding the
demands in the Swedish Standard:
Number of rows
4
11
16
Maximum number of holes per row: 14
12
10
5 m diffeerence in active tubelength
Number of holes that may be connected without exceeding the
demands in the Swedish Standard:
Number of rows
3
10
15
Maximum number of holes per row: 14
12
10
Symmetric connection is assumed for the above values, that is connection starts in the middle and outwards in both directions.
28
Firing pattern UNIDET 8 - Presplitting
Presplitting with NONEL UNIDET. The best result is obtained if
detonating cord (5.0 g/m) is used to initiate the presplitting row
(Be aware that the detonating cord can give an enhanced air overpressure reading).
The detonating cord must be at least 20 cm away from the NONEL
tubes to avoid cut offs.
Note! A Snapline 0 is needed to initiate the presplitting row.
Risk of overlapping:
No limitations in round, however the presplit row will be initiated
first.
29
Firing pattern UNIDET 9 - Trench blasting
Simple connection for a pipeline
trench; only 3 components, which
can be reduced to 2 if Îľclip 0 is
replaced by Îľclip 17.
Firing pattern UNIDET 10 - Trench blasting
Trench blasting with U475 in the middle holes and U500 in the
edge holes. 42 ms delay between the rows gives good breakage
geometry in the round.
30
NONEL SnapDet
NONEL SnapDet is a combination detonator which consists of an
in-hole detonator on one end of the tube and a surface connection
block on the other.
NONEL SnapDet complements the NONEL UNIDET-system and
simplifies the connection work without forgoing the possibility to
give each particular blasthole its individual initiation time.
Each hole in the round has the same type of NONEL SnapDet
detonators. The delay beween the rows is obtained with SnapDet’s
surface connection unit. Connection and delay between the rows is
made with NONEL UNIDET εclip.
The round is fired conventionally.
One advantage with NONEL SnapDet is that stock keeping may be
kept at a minimum level. Only one kind of SnapDet and one kind
of εclip is required to carry out most blasts.
In order to fully exploit the system´s range of possibilities, the
worksite should have a standardized workcycle with recurrent
drilling, charging and firing patterns. Such work sites are quarries,
open pit mines and large construction sites.
Note of safety! As the surface connector is connected to an
in-hole detonator it is of utmost importance that the surface
connector is not subjected to impact or squeezing during the
charging operation.
Such risk may be movement of equiment on the bench.
31
Principle of connection for NONEL SnapDet
Standard range of products NONEL SnapDet.
Denomination
SnapDet 0/500
SnapDet 17/500
SnapDet 25/500
SnapDet 42/500
SnapDet 67/500
SnapDet 109/500
SnapDet 176/500
SnapDet 285/500
Surface connection Surface connection
unit
unit
Delay time, ms
Color
2
Green
17
Yellow
25
Red
42
White
67
Blue
109
Black
176
Orange
285
Brown
In-hole detonator
Delay time, ms
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
The in-hole detonator may also be furnished with 400, 425, 450 or 475 ms delay.
32
NONEL LP
NONEL LP has been developed for drift and tunnel blasting where
there is a need for longer delay times to give the rock time enough
to allow for breakage of the rock and for it to be thrown out from
the front. Most of the tunnels are nowadays blasted with a parallel
hole cut with one or more large holes. The blasted rock from the
holes close to the large hole/s must be given time to break and move
out of the large hole/s before next hole detonates. The rock mass
moves towards the front with a velocity of 40 to 60 m/sec. With a
hole depth of 4 m it takes between 60 and 100 ms before the broken
rock has left the large hole/s. A delay time of 100 ms between the
period numbers is thus necessary to avoid freezing of the cut area
with the consequent bad blasting result.
33
In the stoping area another effect by the explosive and the detonators is sought for. When the cut is blasted and thrown from the
face, room has been made for the rock masses from the stoping
area where a limited forward throw is desired. Therefore the delay
times are longer between the period numbers in the stoping area
giving a short, not scattered muckpile which is easy to load. The
delay time between period number in the stoping area is 500 ms.
For the blasting of the contour, the first demand is that the detonators have high precision so the contour holes cooperate in the
smoothblasting.
34
The LP-series have the following nominal delay times:
# 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
25ms
100 ms
200 ms
300 ms
400 ms
500 ms
600 ms
#7
8
9
10
11
12
14
700 ms
800 ms
900 ms
1000 ms
1110 ms
1235 ms
1400 ms
# 16
18
20
25
30
35
40
1600 ms
1800 ms
2075 ms
2500 ms
3000 ms
3500 ms
4000 ms
# 45
50
55
60
4500 ms
5000 ms
5500 ms
6000 ms
Bunch Connector
The simplest way to hook up a NONEL
LP blast is by using bunch connectors.
The bunch connector is a connector
unit that is used to initiate a number of
NONEL-tubes that have been gathered
into a bunch. The technique is used
primarly in tunnel blasting.
A bunch connector consists of a connector block which contains a zero delay
detonator (SnapLine 0). In the connector
block there is a loop of detonating cord
(5 g/m). A bunch connector is designed
for the reliable initiation of a maximum
of 20 NONEL-tubes.
The number of tubes in a bunch should
not be less than 5.
35
Initiation with detonating cord.
Instead of using bunch connectors, a
loop of detonating cord may be used
to connect the bunches. The detonating
cord is fastened around the bunch with
a clove hitch and extended to the next
bunch until all bunches are connected to
the detonating cord sling.
The method calls for precision and
caution in the conncetion work as the
shockwave from the detonating cord
my cut adjacent NONEL-tubes without
initiating them.
Therefore the sling of detonating cord is
pulled from the front and streched up so
adjacent NONEL-tube are at least 20 cm
away from the detonating cord.
Detonating cord with a core load of 5
g/m is recommended. Higher core load
increases the risk of cut-offs and subsequent misfires.
36
Initiation
Initiation with bunch connectors.
The bunch connector is only intended for use
freely hanging on the tunnel face.
At least 5 and a maximum of 20 NONEL-tubes are
collected into a bunch.
The bunch is taped approx. 50 cm from the front.
The bunch is passed through the loop of 5 g/m
detonating cord. A Snapline 0 is fitted to the loop
and slid towards the bunch.
Place the bunch connector approx. 10 cm from
the tape. Press the SnapLine block towards the
NONEL-bunch (1), Lock the bunch connector
by pressing the lid to locking position (2). Connect the bunch connectors in an Îľclip and pull the
bunch connectors from the face. No bunch connector nor part of the detonating cord loop should be
closer to an adjacent NONEL tube than 20 cm.
37
2
1
Firing pattern LP 1
The round is charged conventionally with the lowest period number closest to the large empty hole and the highest in the contour
holes. Initiation may be carried out using bunch connectors. Connect the NONEL tubes from bunch connectors to an Îľclip 0 or a
NONEL-Starter.
Note that LP 0 is not used. LP 0 could be useful to keep in in reserve if the large hole is filled with water. The the water can be
blown out of it with a small charge that detonates first.
The difference in length of the tube between point of initiation and
detonator should not exceed 5 m.
38
Firing pattern LP 2
If there are vibration problems at the work site, it can be advantageous to delay half the round. As an example this diagram shows
a 42 ms delay at the surface. This causes greater scatter and the
risk of cooperation between charges decreases.
In this case it is not possible to use in-hole detonator LP 0 as a
hole with that delay (25 ms) would detonate before the 42 ms
connector has activated the in-hole detonators that are connected
to these bunch connectors. The risk for cut-offs is obvious.
39
Firing pattern LP 3a
Firing pattern LP 3b
By using connectors with different delays it is possible to decrease the risk of cooperating charges in sensitive environments. In this case 5 different connector units
been used to give more scatter in the delay times.
The shortest delay time in the cut is 100 ms (LP 1) to avoid cut-offs.
40
Firing pattern LP 3c
Real delay times for connection according to firing pattern LP 3b.
41
Initiation using DynoLine with a DynoStart
The simplest and safest way of initiating NONEL
rounds is by using a DynoLine. DynoLine is NONEL tube on a bobbin of 750 or 1500 meter length
that can be cut and connected to the Îľclip connector
that is used to initiate the round.
Cut off the ultra sonic seal at the end of the Îľclip tube
with a knife or the with the built-in cutting device on
the DynoStart.
42
Then the tube is connected to DynoLine
by means of an approx. 4 cm long outer
tube that is cut from the transparent tube
delivered with the DynoLine bobbin.
The NONEL tube is pushed at least 1 cm
into the outer tube. Then the DynoLine is
extended to the chosen firing point.
When the round is ready to be blasted, connect the DynoLine to the blasting machine,
DynoStart, by inserting the tube into the
chuck as far as possible.
DynoLine is affected by humidity and
the end of DynoLine must be sealed after
each use. During connection under damp
conditions care should be taken to avoid
moisture entering the tube.
The DynoStart blasting machine is CE certified in accordance with the EMC directive.
43
For initiation of the round, press the button “CHARGING” until the
indicator LCD shines steady. Then the round is blasted by pressing
the button “FIRING” at the same time as the button “CHARGING”
is kept depressed. This causes a spark to be made inside the shock
tube causing its initiation.
44
Initiation using Dynoline with HN 1
The HN 1 blasting machine is connected to the
round via DynoLine. Cut away the end sealing of
the tube.
Swing open the breech and tube holder in an anticlockwise direction. Pass the NONEL tube upwards
through the hole in the tube holder until it protrudes
approx. 5 cm. Lock the tube in the retaining fork.
Set the primer cap in the firing chamber.
Close the breech against the stop pin. Close the
tube holder to firing position. The NONEL tube
is automatically cut to the correct length to suit the
machine.
HN 1 is now ready for firing.
Press the safety catch and fire by driving the hand
down on to the firing knob. The primer caps should
be of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Shotshell Primer No. 20â&#x20AC;? type, and are
available from Dyno Nobel.
45
Initiation using electric detonator
NONEL rounds may also be initiated with an electric detonator.
The electric detonator is then connected to the Îľclip connector
that is used to initiate the round. The electric detonator is taped to
the NONEL with the detonator bottom pointing in the direction
of the shock wave in the tube. The electric detonator should be
well covered with earth, drill cuttings etc, as the strength of this
detonator is considerably greater than that of an Îľclip. Shrapnel
from the detonator may cause cut-offs of the NONEL tubes in
the round. Note that when the electric detonator is connected to
the round the whole round is exposed to the same risks as when
electric detonators are used in the round with regard to thunderstorms, static electricity, stray currents etc.
46
Remote controlled initation of underground rounds.
DynoRem Mine.
DynoRem Mine is a remote controlled initation system for worksites underground which have an existing radio communication
system. It consists of a computer controlled central unit and a
maximum of 24 blasting machines.
The radio communication system of the worksite is used for communication between the central unit and the blasting machines. The
central unit can be located in an office space above ground and the
blasting machines close to each blasting site.
Each central unit may control up to 24 blasting machines that may
be divided into groups containing up to 9 blasting machines.Several
blasts may be initiated within a predetermined timeframe from one
site. Each blasting machine may have its own firing time and this
time is stored in the central unit. The central unit has a â&#x20AC;&#x153;masterâ&#x20AC;?
clock that controls the time in each blasting machine giving the
user full control over the firing time. The safety of the system is
guaranteed by means of a unique code for each user that must be
fed into the central unit before transfer can be made from the central unit to the blasting machines.
47
Firing of the round/s is/are made at the central unit with a firing box
that is twohand operated with CHARGING and FIRING bottons.
DynoRem Mine is approved by SP* and CE certified in accordance
with EMC and LVD directives.
* SwedishNational Testing and Research Institute
NONEL Special products
Surface coated detonators - for improved corrosion resistance of
the aluminum shells, especially in chemically aggressive environments Dyno Nobel manufactures detonators that are anodised and
finished with laquer.
NONEL OD - At worksites where the detonators are exposed togreat strain Dyno Nobel manufactures detonators with reinforced
aluminum shells.
NONEL tube with other colors - NONEL detonators may be
supplied with NONEL tube of a different color then standard or
transparent. Technical data and other properties are not changed.
NONEL SnapLine - The previous connector block, “SnapLine”
can henceforth be obtained on request. Its properties and use are in
principle the same as the εclip. Snapline can initiate a maximum
of 5 NONEL tubes or 1 E-cord. It is available with the delay times
0 (1.75 ms),17 ms, 25 ms, 42 ms, 67 ms, 109 ms and 176 ms.
48
Destruction of detonators
Detonators that are too old to be used or damaged
should be destroyed.
Occasionally undamaged detonators may be destroyed by blasting them together with explosive in
a blasthole. Cut away the tube and drop the detonators into the blasthole, one by one.
Detonators may also be blasted by taping them to an
explosives cartridge which is blasted. If the explosive cartridge is blasted in the open, take precautions
against shrapnel and airborne shock waves.
When larger numbers of detonators must be destroyed
or when damaged detonators must be destroyed contact Dyno Nobel or its representative for advice.
Destruction of NONEL tube
Blast away the reactive material with DynoStart and send the tube to:
● Recycling
● Garbage dump
● Burning site
Destruction of detonating cord
● Connect to a detonator and fire it. Be aware of the risk of splinter and
airshock waves.
● Drop into a blasthole together with explosive and and blast together
with the rest of the round.
For additional information refer to the product Safety Data Sheet, MSDS.
49
50
Data sheet, the NONEL system
The NONEL system is not designed for use in gassy environments such as
underground coalmines or other environments where explosive gases may
occur nor where a dust explosion may result.
The NONEL system is approved for use only with the products that are described
in this user’s manual. The use of NONEL-products together with other shock
tube systems is not tested nor approved. Therefore it can not be recommended
neither are any guarantees given regarding function.
Recommended
usage temperature
Surface
Blasthole
-35°C to +50°C
-25°C to +70°C
Recommended
storage conditions
Storage at normal room temperature,
however occasionally max. +50°C and
at max. RH 50%
Highest hydro static
water pressure
3 bar during 7 days
Tensile strength, NONEL tube
Tensile strength, joint
detonator/tube
25 kg at +20°C during 2 minutes giving
a 250 % permanent stretch.
15 kg at +70°C during 2 minutes giving
a 300 % permanent stretch.
4 kg during 2 minutes up to +50°C
The NONELdetonators are vacuum packed in aluminum bags. Recommended
max. storage time is 2 years from date of manufacture in unopened package.
Date of manufacture is stated on each product and on the packing. Products in
opened package should be used within 3 months. NONEL UNIDET is normally packed in plastic bags. Recommended max. storage time for these is 2 years
from date of manufacture provided good storage conditions are maintained.
NONEL is packed in transport class 1.1B or 1.4B as standard, but may be
packed in transport class 1.4S, which makes transport and storage much
easier.
51
system is
certified
Dyno Nobel Sweden AB
Gyttorp
SE-713 82 NORA SWEDEN
Tel +46 587 85000
Fax +46 587 25535
www.dynonobel.com
SOO/2003-11/Version 1/TB