Next Iran talks: stalemate on the steppes?

Agreeing a venue for the next round of talks between Iran and six world powers on Tehran's nuclear drive was hard enough. Achieving progress will be tougher still, AFP reports citing analysts.

Following weeks of wrangling, Iran and the P5+1 -- the US, China, Russia, Britain, France and Germany -- finally confirmed on Tuesday that they would meet in Almaty, Kazakhstan on February 26.

It will be the first such meeting since last June in Moscow, and the first since US President Barack Obama's re-election in November, a victory seen by many as freeing Washington's hands to strike a deal.

Watching closely meanwhile will be Israel, the Middle East's sole if undeclared nuclear-armed state, which has warned it might bomb Iran, although the immediate threat appears to have receded in recent months, experts say.

Iran says that its nuclear programme is peaceful but many in the international community suspect that Tehran's real aim is to develop nuclear weapons.

The UN Security Council has imposed four sets of sanctions on Iran, and unilateral extra sanctions by the United States, the European Union and others began to cause Iran major economic problems in 2012.

"The sanctions are biting," Siavush Randjbar-Daemi, a Middle East and Iran lecturer at Manchester University in England, told AFP. "The currency has plunged badly and ... the price of absolutely everything has skyrocketed."

In May in Baghdad, the P5+1 demanded Iran scale back uranium enrichment to purities of 20 percent, which for the international community is the most worrisome part of Tehran's activities.

In a package of proposals dubbed "stop, shut and ship", the six called on Iran to desist from enriching to this level, to close its bunkered Fordo site and to export its existing stockpiles.

But because the P5+1 stopped short of offering relief from the sanctions, Iran walked away at the next round of talks in Russia. The lengthy US election campaign then put all further efforts on hold.

-- Two to tango --

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Mark Fitzpatrick, a former US State Department official now at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, said that he expected the six to have a "revised proposal, but not very much different" in Almaty.

"The key question is whether Iran will come in a real transactional mode, in other words really be ready to negotiate. They haven't been so far," Fitzpatrick told AFP.

"I think the P5+1 are ready to haggle and negotiate. So far I haven't seen signs that Iran is."

The run-up to Tuesday's announcement of new talks did not bode well, with P5+1 chief negotiator Catherine Ashton's office complaining that Iran had "come back to us again and again with new pre-conditions."

Mahdi Mohammadi, a member of Iran's negotiating team, said that the US and EU have to remove all unilateral sanctions and that then Iran would strike a deal with the UN atomic agency on additional transparency.

Only then, he said, would Iran be "ready to negotiate about 20-percent enrichment provided that the United Nations Security Council will annul all its sanctions resolutions against Tehran".

Not only is this back to front for the P5+1, it also constitutes Iran trying to use cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency -- something the six see as crucial but separate -- as leverage with the P5+1, analysts said.

For Mark Hibbs at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, success in Almaty and beyond is about building trust and "sequencing" -- in other words the order in which both sides agree to take steps.

"If you lift sanctions too early in the process and your negotiations fall apart, it may be very very difficult for you to impose those sanctions after they have lifted them," Hibbs told AFP.

"And that is particularly the case for the unilateral (EU and US) sanctions."

And it is not just Iran and the P5+1 that have to agree on the right order, the six powers also have to speak as one -- something which going forward is not necessarily a given, Hibbs said.