Filming began in early 2004, the Hogwarts scenes were shot at the Leavesden Film Studios. Five days after its release, the film had grossed over US$102 million at the North American box office, which is the third-highest first-weekend tally for a Harry Potter film behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Part 2. Goblet of Fire enjoyed an immensely successful run at the box office, earning $896 million worldwide, which made it the highest-grossing film of 2005 and the eighth-highest-grossing film of all-time at that time. As of April 2017[update], it is the 44th highest-grossing film worldwide and the sixth-highest-grossing film in the Harry Potter series.

The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction, and won the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design. Goblet of Fire was the second film in the series to be released in IMAX. The film is one of the best reviewed instalments within the series, being praised for the higher level of maturity and sophistication of its characters, plotline, writing, and performances of the lead actors.[3]

For the tournament's first task, the champions must each retrieve a golden egg guarded by a dragon, after summoning his broomstick, Harry succeeds in retrieving the egg, which contains information about the second challenge. Shortly after, another event known as the Yule Ball, a formal dance takes place; Harry's crush Cho Chang attends with Cedric, and Hermione Granger attends with Viktor, which makes Ron jealous of Viktor. During the second task, the champions must dive underwater to rescue their mates. Harry comes out in third place, but is placed second behind Cedric due to his "moral fibre" after saving Fleur's sister Gabrielle as well as Ron. Afterwards, Harry finds the corpse of Barty Crouch Sr., then visits Dumbledore at his office, and while waiting for him, he discovers a Pensieve, which holds Dumbledore's memories. Inside it, Harry witnesses a trial in which Igor Karkaroff (Durmstrang Institute's Headmaster) confessed to the Ministry of Magic names of other Death Eaters, after Voldemort's defeat, he named Severus Snape as one, but Dumbledore defended him; he then named Barty Crouch Jr. This left Barty Crouch Sr. devastated, and his son was imprisoned in Azkaban. After exiting the Pensieve, Harry deduces that the man he has seen in his dreams with Voldemort is Barty Crouch Jr.

In the third and final task, the champions enter a hedge maze, and must reach the Triwizard Cup. Viktor, under the influence of the Imperius Curse, incapacitates Fleur, after Harry saves Cedric when the maze attacks him, the two claim a draw and together grab the cup, which turns out to be a Portkey, and transports the two to a graveyard, where Pettigrew and Voldemort are waiting. Pettigrew kills Cedric with the Killing Curse and performs a ritual using a bone of Voldemort's father, Pettigrew's flesh and Harry's blood, which rejuvenates Voldemort, who then summons the Death Eaters. Voldemort releases Harry in order to beat him in a duel to prove that he is the better wizard. Harry, unable to defend himself, tries the Expelliarmus charm at the same moment that Voldemort attempts the Killing Curse, their wands get into a beaming tug-of-war, and Voldemort's wand is forced to disgorge the last spells it performed. This results in shadow impressions of the people he murdered appearing in the graveyard, including Harry's parents and Cedric, this provides an ample distraction to Voldemort and his Death Eaters, allowing Harry to escape with Cedric's body by grabbing the Portkey.

Upon his return, Harry tells Dumbledore that Voldemort has returned and is responsible for Cedric's death. Moody takes a devastated Harry back to his room to interrogate him about Lord Voldemort, where he inadvertently blows his cover when he asks Harry whether there were "others" in the graveyard - despite Harry never having mentioned a graveyard. Moody then reveals that he had submitted Harry's name to the Goblet of Fire, and that he had been guiding and manipulating Harry throughout the tournament to ensure that he would win, so Voldemort would take Harry's blood in order to return. Moody attempts to attack Harry, but Dumbledore, Severus Snape, and Minerva McGonagall intervene and subdue Moody, the teachers force Moody to drink Veritaserum, a truth-telling potion, which reveals that he is not really Moody, and that the real Moody is imprisoned in a magical trunk. The false Moody's Polyjuice Potion wears off, and he is revealed as Barty Crouch Jr., working for Voldemort. Crouch Jr. is sent back to Azkaban, from which he had escaped.

The next morning, Dumbledore reveals to all others that Voldemort killed Cedric, although the Ministry of Magic opposes the revelation. Later, Dumbledore visits Harry in his dormitory, and apologizes to him for the dangers he had to go through. Harry reveals that he saw his parents in the graveyard; Dumbledore names this effect as "Priori Incantatem". Dumbledore acknowledges that even though Harry's parents appeared through Voldemort's wand, no spell can awaken the dead. Dumbledore reminds Harry that he is not alone. Soon after, Hogwarts, Durmstrang and Beauxbatons bid farewell to each other.

When Alfonso made the decision to focus on completing Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, we were faced with the daunting task of finding a director to handle the complex challenges of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and to follow in the footsteps of Chris Columbus and Alfonso Cuarón. Mike's rich and diverse body of work show him to be the perfect choice, he has worked with children, made us laugh, and had us sitting on the edge of our seats. He is great with actors and imbues all his characters, all his films, with great humanity. I'm thrilled.

Steve Kloves, the screenwriter for the previous instalments, returned for Goblet of Fire. On adapting the 734-page book into a feature-length film, Kloves commented that "we always thought it would be two movies, but we could never figure out a way to break it in two. So it will be a different experience from the book."[8]

"Filming in an actual loch would have been too cold and impractical. We looked into doing a process called 'dry for wet,' where you suspend an actor and blow wind on them to give the illusion that they are underwater, but the hair didn't undulate convincingly."

As in the previous instalments, Stuart Craig and Stephenie McMillan provided the film's art and set designs, respectively. Due to the film's scope, there were many new sets and transformations of old sets created. McMillan was most excited about redesigning the Great Hall for the scenes involving the Yule Ball. "Originally we thought silver curtains, silver table cloths and an ice dance floor," said McMillan, "but it just went on and on. The drapes man eventually said, 'Why not just stick the fabrics on the wall?'"[10] Each task of the Triwizard Tournament required massive sets, the rock quarry set for the first task, where Harry faces off with the Hungarian Horntail, was built in two sections at Leavesden Studios. Craig called it "one of the biggest sets we've ever built for any of the films."[9] For the second task, involving the film's underwater scenes, the film crew designed and built a blue screen tank holding "about half a million gallons of water."[11] As for the final task, which took place in the maze, hedge walls ranging from 20 to 40 feet tall were constructed and enhanced with computer-generated imagery.[12]

With the Goblet of Fire novel almost twice the length of Prisoner of Azkaban, the writers and producers reduced certain scenes and concepts to make the transition from page to screen. Director Mike Newell described the problem as one of "compressing a huge book into the compass of a movie",[19] this was achieved by "putting aside" all the components of the novel which did not directly relate to Harry and his journey.[19]

Goblet of Fire is the first film adaptation not to begin at Privet Drive; after the opening sequence, Harry awakens at the Burrow on the morning of the Quidditch World Cup.[20]

The game play at the Quidditch World Cup was removed for timing reasons, leaving an abrupt temporal jump which some reviewers considered awkward or "rushed"; in the book, Harry and many of the Weasleys supported Ireland, while in the film Harry and Ron supported Bulgaria. However, they also love Viktor Krum, from Bulgaria.[21]

Other scenes are shortened and amalgamated to include only the most essential plot details: the three Death Eater trials Harry witnesses in the Pensieve are merged into one sequence; the characters of Bill Weasley, Charlie Weasley, Ludo Bagman, Winky, Narcissa Malfoy and Bertha Jorkins are absent, as well as Dobby, who was supposed to help Harry obtain Gillyweed for the second task. Instead, that scene was changed to involve Neville Longbottom. There is no train scene at the end where Rita Skeeter is revealed to be an illegal, unregistered animagus; Harry is never seen either receiving or giving away the 1,000 galleons in prize winnings. All of Sirius Black's lines are condensed into a single fireside conversation, the scene in which Crouch Jr. is taken back to Azkaban is different from the book, in which he was "killed" by a Dementor summoned by Cornelius Fudge. There is also no conversation in which Fudge refuses to believe that Voldemort has returned, so this is explained in the next film.[20]

The video game version, designed by EA UK, was released 8 November 2005.[25]Mattel released a line of action figures and artefacts based on the film.[26] Among these was the first edition of Harry Potter Scene It? containing over 1,000 questions involving the four films.[27]

Goblet of Fire was the first film in the series to receive a PG-13 rating by the MPAA for "sequences of fantasy violence and frightening images", M by the ACB[28] and a 12A by the BBFC for its dark themes, fantasy violence, threat and frightening images.

In the run up to the film, Warner Bros. approached a Canadian folk group called the Wyrd Sisters to obtain permission to use the name THE WEIRD SISTERS for its Harry Potter Band. When a deal could not be made, the Canadian band filed a US$40-million lawsuit against Warner Bros., the North American distributor of the film, as well as the members of the in-movie band (members of the bands Radiohead and Pulp, among others)[29] for the misuse of their group's name. (In a deleted scene, they are simply introduced as "the band that needs no introduction".) The Canadian band also brought an injunction to stop the release of the film in its country as it contained a performance by the identically named fictional rock band. An Ontario judge dismissed this motion, and to avoid further controversy Warner Bros. rendered the band unnamed in the film and many derived products. However, the Winnipeg-based group continued to pursue the lawsuit; lead singer Kim Baryluk stated in her claim that "consumers will assume that the smaller and less famous Canadian band is trying to take advantage of the Harry Potter fame by copying the Harry Potter band's name when in fact the reverse is true."[30] The injunction was dismissed, and the band was ordered to pay costs,[31][32] as of March 2010, the lawsuit has been settled, the details sealed.[33]

Goblet of Fire was the second film in the series to be given a simultaneous release in conventional theatres and IMAX.[34] Dubbed as Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire: The IMAX Experience, the film was digitally remastered for IMAX from its 35mm form to take part in a "commercial growth strategy" set up between IMAX and Warner Bros. Pictures.[35][36]

The film was released in most countries within a two-week period starting on 18 November 2005 in the United Kingdom and United States, with a 1 December 2005 release in Australia; in the United States, the film opened in a maximum of 3,858 cinemas that included several IMAX screens.[2]

The world premiere of the film took place in London, England on 6 November 2005.[37] One of the features of the premiere was an animatronic, fire-breathing Hungarian Horntail,[38] the 40-foot-long dragon, used during the scene where Hagrid leads Harry into the forest a night before the first task, was designed and built by the film's special effects supervisor John Richardson and creature effects & makeup supervisor Nick Dudman.[9]

The film was released on DVD in North America on 7 March 2006, it was available in one- and two-disc editions, as well as part of an 8-disc box set that includes all four films made by that time.[39] The bonus disc features three interactive games, as well as seven behind the scenes featurettes, the film was also released in UMD format for PSP.

On its first day of release in North America, over 5 million copies were sold, recording a franchise high for first-day sales. Within its first week it sold over a total of 9 million units of combined sales of both the widescreen and full-screen versions of the DVD.[40]

The UK edition was released on DVD on 20 March 2006 and became the fastest selling UK DVD ever, selling six copies per second on its first day of release. According to the Official Charts Company, the DVD sold 1.4 million copies in its first week alone. It is also available in a two-disc edition with special features similar to the North American two-disc edition.[41]

Currently, the DVD holds the Guinness World Record for being the fastest selling DVD of all time, the achievement was added to the 2007 book edition of The Guinness World Records, which includes a picture of the award being presented to Dan Radcliffe on set of Order of the Phoenix at Leavesden Film Studios in April 2006.[42]

In the United States, the first five Harry Potter films were released on HD DVD and Blu-ray disc on 11 December 2007, the fourth film has since become available in numerous box sets containing the other films released in the series, including the Harry Potter: Complete 8-Film Collection and Harry Potter Wizard's Collection. An Ultimate Edition of Goblet of Fire was released on 19 October 2010, featuring behind-the-scenes footage, trailers, additional scenes, and a feature-length special Creating the World of Harry Potter Part 4: Sound & Music.[43] Despite not being included in the Ultimate Edition, an extended version has been shown during certain television airings with a running time of about 167 minutes.[44]

After an opening day of $40 million at the North American box office and staying at number 1 for three weeks, The Goblet of Fire made a successful 20-week run in cinemas, closing on 6 April 2006, the film set numerous records, including the highest non-May opening weekend in the US, and earned £14.9m in its opening weekend in the UK, a record which has since been beaten by the 2008 James Bond film Quantum of Solace, which took in £15.4m. The Goblet of Fire drew $102.7 million its opening weekend at the North American box office, setting a new opening high for the franchise and also achieved the highest weekend debut in November, with the latter being surpassed by The Twilight Saga: New Moon in 2009.[45] It sold about as many tickets as Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone did in its opening weekend. The film's franchise record was later overtaken in 2010 by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1, which opened to $125 million; Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 followed with $169.1 million in its opening weekend. The Goblet of Fire's debut marked the fourth $100 million weekend in history and as of July 2011, it stands as the 17th largest opening weekend ever. In Mainland China, the film generated 93 million yuan.

The Goblet of Fire earned almost US$897 million worldwide, making it the highest-grossing international and worldwide release of 2005.

In IMAX theatres only, the film grossed a total of US$20,033,758 worldwide for a cumulative per screen average of $188,998 thus setting a new record and a new milestone for a digitally remastered 2-D IMAX release.

Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire received critical acclaim. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 88% based on 246 reviews, with an average rating of 7.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The main characters are maturing, and the filmmakers are likewise improving on their craft; vibrant special effects and assured performances add up to what is the most complex yet of the Harry Potter films."[47] At Metacritic, the film has a score of 81 out of 100, based on 35 critics, indicating "universal acclaim",[48] on CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[49]

The New York Daily News praised the film for both its humour and its dark tone,[50] the young actors were praised for demonstrating a "greater range of subtle emotions",[51] particularly Daniel Radcliffe whom Variety described as delivering a "dimensional and nuanced performance".[52] New cast members were also praised: Brendan Gleeson's portrayal of Mad-Eye Moody was described as "colourful";[52]Miranda Richardson's scenes as Rita Skeeter were described as "wonderful";[50] and Ralph Fiennes's portrayal of Lord Voldemort was described as "sublime villainy".[53]

The maturity of Harry, Ron, and Hermione, among others, impressed most critics. While the major characters were portrayed as children in the previous films, "they have subtly transitioned into teenagers (in Goblet of Fire)" according to one USA Today reviewer. Desson Thomson of the Washington Post called the film "Probably the most engaging film of the Potter series thus far".[54] Joe Morgenstern of the Wall Street Journal stated "The studio, like plucky Harry, passes with flying colors, the new one, directed by Mike Newell from another astute script by Mr. Kloves, is even richer and fuller, as well as dramatically darker. It's downright scary how good this movie is".[55]

Negative criticism included the film's pace which The Arizona Republic described as being "far too episodic",[56] while CNN.com described the film as "clunky and disjointed".[57] Another criticism was that the many supporting characters did not get enough screen time,[52][57] the film was listed at #36 on Entertainment Weekly's list of the 50 Best High School Movies praising Rowling for ingeniously blending "two literary traditions, fantasy and coming-through-school fiction".[58]

1.
David Heyman
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David Jonathan Heyman is an English film producer and the founder of Heyday Films. In 1999, he secured the rights to the Harry Potter film series and went on to produce all eight installments. He is the son of John Heyman, producer of such as The Go-Between and Jesus, and Norma Heyman. His paternal grandparents were German Jews who left Nazi Germany and emigrated to England prior to World War II and he went to Westminster School and, following graduation, he decided to study abroad. He earned a degree in Art History from Harvard University in the U. S. in 1983, Heyman got his start in the film industry as a production assistant on David Leans A Passage to India, and in 1986, Heyman became a creative executive at Warner Brothers. In 1997 Heyman returned to London and founded his own production company, other notable productions during this time include the 2007 blockbuster I Am Legend and the 2008 films The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, Is Anybody There. and Yes Man. The film grossed more than US$700 million worldwide and was nominated for 10 Academy Awards including Best Picture and he also produced the 2013 comedy Were the Millers and the 2014 family film Paddington, for which he was nominated for the Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film. In 2013 it was announced that Heyman will produce the upcoming Warner Bros. film adaptation of J. K, rowlings Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, which will be released on 18 November 2016. He is also set to produce Fables, based on the book series. He was announced as the producer of the fantasy film Queen of the Tearling, starring Emma Watson, Warner Bros. has acquired the film rights and will distribute the film. Heyman lives in Pimlico, London, and is married to interior designer Rose Uniacke

David Heyman
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Heyman in July 2009

2.
J. K. Rowling
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Joanne Jo Rowling, OBE, FRSL, pen names J. K. Rowling and Robert Galbraith, is a British novelist, screenwriter and film producer best known as the author of the Harry Potter fantasy series. The books have gained attention, won multiple awards. There were six sequels, the last, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Rowling has lived a rags to riches life story, in which she progressed from living on state benefits to multi-millionaire status within five years. She is the United Kingdoms best-selling living author, with sales in excess of £238M, the 2016 Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowlings fortune at £600 million, ranking her as the joint 197th richest person in the UK. Time magazine named her as a runner-up for its 2007 Person of the Year, noting the social, moral, in October 2010, Rowling was named the Most Influential Woman in Britain by leading magazine editors. She has supported charities including Comic Relief, One Parent Families, Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain, although she writes under the pen name J. K. Rowling, her name, before her remarriage, was simply Joanne Rowling. Anticipating that the audience of young boys might not want to read a book written by a woman. As she had no name, she chose K as the second initial of her pen name. Following her marriage, she has used the name Joanne Murray when conducting personal business. During the Leveson Inquiry she gave evidence under the name of Joanne Kathleen Rowling and her entry in Whos Who lists her name also as Joanne Kathleen Rowling. Rowling was born to Peter James Rowling, a Rolls-Royce aircraft engineer, and Anne Rowling and her parents first met on a train departing from Kings Cross Station bound for Arbroath in 1964. They married on 14 March 1965, One of her maternal great-grandfathers, Dugald Campbell, was Scottish, born in Lamlash on the Isle of Arran. Her mothers paternal grandfather, Louis Volant, was French, and was awarded the Croix de Guerre for exceptional bravery in defending the village of Courcelles-le-Comte during the First World War. Rowling originally believed he had won the Légion dhonneur during the war, as she said when she received it herself in 2009. She later discovered the truth when featured in an episode of the UK genealogy series Who Do You Think You Are. in which she found out it was a different Louis Volant who won the Legion of Honour. Rowlings sister Dianne was born at their home when Rowling was 23 months old, the family moved to the nearby village Winterbourne when Rowling was four. She attended St Michaels Primary School, a school founded by abolitionist William Wilberforce and her headmaster at St Michaels, Alfred Dunn, has been suggested as the inspiration for the Harry Potter headmaster Albus Dumbledore. As a child, Rowling often wrote stories which she frequently read to her sister

J. K. Rowling
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Rowling at the White House Easter Egg Roll, 2010
J. K. Rowling
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Rowling's parents met on a train from King's Cross Station. After Rowling used King's Cross as a gateway into the Wizarding World, it has since become a popular tourist spot.
J. K. Rowling
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Rowling's childhood home, Church Cottage, Tutshill.
J. K. Rowling
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Rowling moved to Porto to teach. In 1993, she returned to the UK accompanied by her daughter and three completed chapters of Harry Potter after her marriage had deteriorated.

3.
Daniel Radcliffe
–
Daniel Jacob Radcliffe is an English actor best known for his role as Harry Potter in the film series of the same name. He made his debut at 10 years of age in BBC Ones 1999 television film David Copperfield. At age 11, he was cast as Harry Potter in the first Harry Potter film and he has contributed to many charities, including Demelza Hospice Care for Children, and The Trevor Project for suicide prevention among LGBTQ youth, which gave him its Hero Award in 2011. Radcliffe was born in Queen Charlottes Hospital, Hammersmith, London and he is the only child of Marcia Jeannine Gresham and Alan George Radcliffe. His mother is Jewish and was born in South Africa and raised in Westcliff-on-Sea and his father was raised in Banbridge, County Down, Northern Ireland, in a very working-class Protestant family. Radcliffes maternal ancestors were Jewish immigrants from Poland and Russia, Radcliffes parents had both acted as children. His father is a literary agent and his mother is a casting agent and was involved in several films for the BBC, including The Inspector Lynley Mysteries and Walk Away and I Stumble. As his acting career began to consume his schedule, Radcliffe continued his education through on-set tutors and he admitted he was not very good at school, considering it useless and finding the work really difficult. He achieved A grades in the three AS-level exams that he took in 2006, but decided to take a break from education and did not go to college or university. Part of his reasoning was that he knew he wanted to act and write. The paparazzi, theyd love it, he told Details magazine in 2007, if there were any parties going on, theyd be tipped off as to where they were. Rowling had been searching for an unknown British actor to personify the character, and this is Harry Potter, after he saw a video of the young actor in David Copperfield. Eight months later, and after several auditions, Radcliffe was selected to play the part, Rowling also endorsed the selection saying, I dont think Chris Columbus could have found a better Harry. Radcliffes parents originally turned down the offer, as they had told that it would involve six films shot in Los Angeles. Warner Bros. instead offered Radcliffe a two-movie contract with shooting in the UK, the release of Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone took place in 2001. Radcliffe received a seven figure salary for the role, but asserted that the fee was not that important to him. The film was popular and was met with positive reviews. A year later Radcliffe starred in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, reviewers were positive about the lead actors performances but had polarised opinions on the movie as a whole

Daniel Radcliffe
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Radcliffe at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con International
Daniel Radcliffe
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Radcliffe at the July 2009 premiere of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
Daniel Radcliffe
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Handprints, footprints and wand prints of (from left to right) Watson, Radcliffe, Grint
Daniel Radcliffe
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Radcliffe, Watson and Grint at the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 premiere in London

4.
Emma Watson
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Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson is a British actress, model, and activist. Born in Paris and brought up in Oxfordshire, Watson attended the Dragon School and she rose to prominence after landing her first professional acting role as Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter film series, having acted only in school plays previously. Watson appeared in all eight Harry Potter films from 2001 to 2011, earning fame, critical accolades. Watson continued to work outside of the Harry Potter films, lending her voice to The Tale of Despereaux, in 2017, she portrayed Belle in a live-action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast. Her modelling work has included campaigns for Burberry and Lancôme, as a fashion consultant, she helped create a line of clothing for People Tree. She was honoured by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 2014 and that same year, she was appointed as a UN Women Goodwill Ambassador and helped launch the UN Women campaign HeForShe, which calls for men to advocate gender equality. Watson was born in Paris, France, the daughter of English lawyers Jacqueline Luesby, Watson lived in Paris until the age of five. Her parents separated when she was young, following their divorce, Watson has stated that she speaks some French, though not as well as she used to. After moving to Oxford with her mother and brother, she attended the Dragon School in Oxford, remaining there until 2003. From the age of six, she wanted to become an actress, and trained at the Oxford branch of Stagecoach Theatre Arts, a theatre school where she studied singing, dancing. Following the Dragon School, Watson moved on to Headington School, while on film sets, she and her peers were tutored for up to five hours a day. In June 2006, she took GCSE school examinations in ten subjects, achieving eight A*, in 1999, casting began for Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, the film adaptation of British author J. K. Rowlings best-selling novel. Casting agents found Watson through her Oxford theatre teacher, and producers were impressed by her confidence, rowling supported Watson from her first screen test. The release of Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone in 2001 was Watsons debut screen performance, the film broke records for opening-day sales and opening-weekend takings and was the highest-grossing film of 2001. Critics praised the performances of the three leads, often singling out Watson for particular acclaim, The Daily Telegraph called her performance admirable, Watson was nominated for five awards for her performance in Philosophers Stone, winning the Young Artist Award for Leading Young Actress. A year later, Watson again starred as Hermione in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, reviewers praised the lead actors performances. The Los Angeles Times said Watson and her peers had matured between films, while The Times criticised director Chris Columbus for under-employing Watsons hugely popular character, Watson received an Otto Award from the German magazine Bravo for her performance. In 2004, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban was released, Watson was appreciative of the more assertive role Hermione played, calling her character charismatic and a fantastic role to play

Emma Watson
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Watson at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival
Emma Watson
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Handprints, footprints and wand prints of (from left to right) Watson, Radcliffe, Grint, 2007
Emma Watson
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Watson at the premiere of Goblet of Fire in November 2005
Emma Watson
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Watson at the premiere of Half-Blood Prince in July 2009

5.
Robbie Coltrane
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Robbie Coltrane, OBE is a Scottish actor and author. He has a sister, Annie, and a younger sister. Coltrane is the great-grandson of Scottish businessman Thomas W. Howie and he was educated at Glenalmond College, an independent school in Perthshire, from which he was nearly expelled after hanging the prefects gowns from the school clocktower. Though he later described his experiences there as deeply unhappy, he played for the rugby First XV, was head of the debating society. Coltrane moved into acting in his twenties, taking the stage name Coltrane and working in theatre. I Nearly Paid My Licence Fee, on television, he also appeared in The Young Ones, Tutti Frutti, as Samuel Johnson in Blackadder, and in a number of stand-up and sketch comedy shows. He played the part of Falstaff in Kenneth Branaghs Henry V He co-starred with Eric Idle in Nuns on the Run and he also played a would-be private detective obsessed with Humphrey Bogart in the TV play The Bogie Man. His roles continued in the 1990s with the TV series Cracker, the role won him three BAFTA awards. Roles in bigger films followed, the James Bond films GoldenEye and The World Is Not Enough, there is also an unnamed 8ft actor who stands in for the 6ft 1in Coltrane in some scenes. Coltrane has also presented a number of programmes for the British ITV network based around his twin passions for travel. In these programmes he dismantled and rebuilt several engines and he also single-handedly removed the engine from a Trabant car in 23 minutes. In August 2007, Coltrane presented a series for ITV called B-Road Britain, in which he travelled from London to Glasgow, stopping in towns, Coltrane married Rhona Gemmell on 11 December 1999. The couple have two children, son Spencer, and daughter Alice, won Evening Standard British Film Award – Peter Sellers Award for Comedy 1990. He was awarded the OBE in the 2006 New Year Honours for his services to drama, in 2011 was honoured for his outstanding contribution to film as the British Academy Scotland Awards. Robbie Coltrane at the Internet Movie Database Robbie Coltrane biography and credits at the British Film Institutes Screenonline

Robbie Coltrane
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Coltrane in April 2007
Robbie Coltrane
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Coltrane in costume in the 1980s

6.
Michael Gambon
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Sir Michael John Gambon CBE is an Irish-born English actor who has worked in theatre, television and film. He has won four BAFTA TV Awards and three Olivier Awards, Gambon was born in Cabra, Dublin, during World War II. His father, Edward Gambon, was an engineer, and his mother and his father decided to seek work in the rebuilding of London, and so the family moved to Mornington Crescent in north London, when Gambon was five. His father had him made a British citizen, a decision that would later allow Gambon to receive a substantive, rather than honorary, knighthood, brought up as a strict Roman Catholic, he attended St Aloysius Boys School in Somers Town and served at the altar. He then moved to St Aloysius College in Hornsey Lane, Highgate, London and he later moved to North End, Kent, and attended Crayford Secondary School, before leaving with no qualifications at fifteen. He then gained an apprenticeship with Vickers Armstrong as a toolmaker, by the time he was 21, he was a qualified engineer. He kept the job for a year, acquiring a fascination and passion for collecting antique guns, clocks, watches. At age 24, Gambon wrote a letter to Micheál Mac Liammóir and it was accompanied by a CV describing a rich and wholly imaginary theatre career – and he was taken on. Gambon made his professional stage début in the Gate Theatre Dublins 1962 production of Othello, playing Second Gentleman, followed by a European tour. Gambon, along with Robert Stephens, Derek Jacobi and Frank Finlay, was hired as one of the to be renowned and played any number of small roles, appearing on cast lists as Mike Gambon. The company initially performed at the Old Vic, their first production being Hamlet, directed by Olivier and starring Peter OToole. Gambon played for four years in many NT productions, including named roles in The Recruiting Officer and The Royal Hunt of the Sun, working with directors William Gaskill, after three years at the Old Vic, Olivier advised Gambon to gain experience in provincial rep. In 1967, he left the NT for the Birmingham Repertory Company, Gambon was suggested for the role of James Bond in On Her Majestys Secret Service, although he was dismissed for being even less known than George Lazenby who was cast. His rise to fame began in 1974 when Eric Thompson cast him as the vet in Alan Ayckbourns The Norman Conquests at Greenwich. A speedy transfer to the West End established him as a actor, squatting at a crowded dining table on a tiny chair. He is also one of the few actors to have mastered the demands of the vast Olivier Theatre, as Simon Callow once said, Gambons iron lungs and overwhelming charisma are able to command a sort of operatic full-throatedness which triumphs over hard walls and long distances. This was to him in good stead in John Dexters masterly staging of The Life of Galileo in 1980. Hall called him unsentimental, dangerous and immensely powerful, and The Sunday Times called his performance a decisive step in the direction of great tragedy, Great acting, while fellow actors paid him the rare compliment of applauding him in the dressing room on the first night

Michael Gambon
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Gambon in June 2013

7.
Jason Isaacs
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Jason Isaacs is an English actor. He is known for playing Lucius Malfoy in the Harry Potter films, Colonel William Tavington in The Patriot, in December 2016, he played the lead antagonist in the Netflix supernatural hit series The OA. He starred in the NBC drama Awake as Detective Michael Britten from March to May 2012, Jason Isaacs was born in Liverpool to Jewish parents. The third of four sons, Isaacs attended a Jewish school, known then as King David High school and he describes the bullying and intolerance he observed during his childhood as preparation for portraying the unattractive, villainous characters whom he has most often played. After graduating from Bristol he went immediately to train at Londons Central School of Speech, Isaacs parents eventually emigrated to Israel. After completing his training as an actor, Isaacs almost immediately began appearing on the stage and on television and he also played Michael Ryan in ITVs adaptation of Martina Coles novel Dangerous Lady, directed by Jack Woods and produced by Lavinia Warner in 1995. When auditioning for that role, he told the producers, Look, I play all these guys and thugs and strong. In real life, I am a cringing, neurotic Jewish mess, cant I for once play that on stage. Subsequently, he appeared in the Bruce Willis blockbuster Armageddon and he then shone as memorable villain, Colonel William Tavington, in Roland Emmerichs American Revolutionary War fictional film epic The Patriot. Starring opposite Mel Gibson as the hero, and Heath Ledger as Gibsons screen son, Isaacs portrays a sadistic British Army officer who kills Ledgers character. Isaacs has appeared in other films, most notably as Lucius Malfoy in the Harry Potter series of films. Regarding the Harry Potter books by J. K, I suddenly understood why my friends, who Id thought were slightly backward, had been so addicted to these childrens books. Prior to the making of the film, when asked whether or not he would be in Harry Potter, I cant bear the idea that somebody else would get to wear my Paris Hilton wig, but you never know. I fell to my knees and begged, Im sure she doesnt need plot ideas from me. Like everybody else, Im holding my breath to July to see whats in there, I just want to bust out of prison, thats all. I dont want to stay in Azkaban most of my life, ultimately Isaacs did reprise the role of Malfoy as a cameo appearance in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, where he is seen in a moving portrait. Afterwards, Isaacs reprised the role again in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1, on British television, he also portrayed actor Harry H. On American television, Isaacs appeared in three episodes of The West Wing in 2004, prior to developing his most notable TV serial role, Isaacs appeared in one episode of the TV show Entourage in the autumn of 2008 as Fredrick Line

Jason Isaacs
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Isaacs at the premiere of Fury at the Newseum in Washington D.C, October 2014
Jason Isaacs
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Isaacs at a Masters Celebrity Pro-Am Golf Tournament in 2005

8.
Alan Rickman
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Alan Sidney Patrick Rickman was an English actor and director known for playing a variety of roles on stage and on screen. Rickman trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London and his first big television part came in 1982, but his big break was as the Vicomte de Valmont in the stage production of Les Liaisons Dangereuses in 1985, for which he was nominated for a Tony Award. Rickman gained wider notice for his performances as Hans Gruber in Die Hard. L. OHara in An Awfully Big Adventure, Dr. Rickman died of cancer on 14 January 2016 at the age of 69. His final film roles are as Lieutenant General Frank Benson in the thriller Eye in the Sky, and the voice of Absolem, Rickman was born in West London, to a working-class family, the son of Margaret Doreen Rose, a housewife, and Bernard William Rickman. Rickmans father was a worker, house painter and decorator. His ancestry was English, Irish and Welsh, his father was Catholic, Rickmans family also included brothers David and Michael, and sister Sheila. When he was eight years old, Rickmans father died of cancer, leaving his mother to raise him. She married again in 1960, but divorced Rickmans stepfather after three years, before he met Rima Horton at 19, he stated that his first crush was at 10 years old to a girl named Amanda at sports day. As a child, he excelled at calligraphy and watercolour painting, after leaving Latymer, he attended Chelsea College of Art and Design and then the Royal College of Art. He wrote to request an audition with the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, while there, he studied Shakespeare and supported himself by working as a dresser for Sir Nigel Hawthorne and Sir Ralph Richardson. In 1978, he performed with the Court Drama Group, gaining parts in Romeo and Juliet and A View from the Bridge, while working with the Royal Shakespeare Company, he was cast in As You Like It. He appeared in The Barchester Chronicles, the BBCs adaptation of Trollopes first two Barchester novels, as the Reverend Obadiah Slope. Rickman was given the lead, the Vicomte de Valmont, in the 1985 Royal Shakespeare Company production of Christopher Hamptons adaptation of Les Liaisons Dangereuses. After the RSC production transferred to Broadway in 1987, Rickman received both a Tony Award nomination and a Drama Desk Award nomination for his performance, Rickmans career was filled with a wide range of roles. Alfred Blalock in HBOs Something the Lord Made and the mad monk Rasputin in the HBO biopic Rasputin, Dark Servant of Destiny, for which he won a Golden Globe and an Emmy. His performance as the Sheriff of Nottingham in Robin Hood, Prince of Thieves also earned him praise as one of the best actors to portray a villain in films, Rickman took issue with being typecast as a villain, even though he was known for playing unsympathetic characters. His portrayal of Severus Snape, the master in the Harry Potter series, was dark

9.
Patrick Doyle
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Patrick Doyle is a Scottish film composer. Doyle was born on 6 April 1953 in Uddingston, South Lanarkshire and he is a classically trained composer who studied at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music, of which he was made a Fellow in 2001. Doyle joined the Renaissance Theatre Company in 1987 as composer and musical director composing for such as Hamlet, As You Like It. The song Non Nobis, Domine from Henry V was subsequently awarded the 1989 Ivor Novello Award for Best Film Theme, in October 1997, shortly after composing for Great Expectations, directed by Alfonso Cuarón, Doyle was diagnosed with leukemia. He managed to complete his work for the animated fantasy Quest for Camelot in hospital whilst undergoing treatment, Patrick Doyle’s Music from the Movies concert, in aid of Leukaemia Research UK was staged at the Royal Albert Hall. It was directed by Kenneth Branagh and included appearances from Emma Thompson, Sir Derek Jacobi, Dame Judi Dench, Alan Rickman, Imelda Staunton, Richard E. Grant, Adrian Lester, and Robbie Coltrane. ASCAP President and Chairman Paul Williams observed, Patrick Doyles extensive body of work is some of the most compelling and his ability to flawlessly cross genres in film, TV and beyond is why he can successfully score everything from Carlitos Way to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. In October 2015, Doyle received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the World Soundtrack Academy during the Gent Film Festival in Belgium, Harry Potter music Patrick Doyle at the Internet Movie Database 2013 interview at FilmScoreMonthly. com 2015 interview at FilmMusicSite. com

Patrick Doyle
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Doyle being interviewed for The Composers: Full Uncensored Interview, 2013

10.
Harry Potter (character)
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Harry James Potter is the title character of J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter series. The majority of the books plot covers seven years in the life of the orphan Potter, thus, he attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to practise magic under the guidance of the kindly headmaster Albus Dumbledore and other school professors. According to Rowling, the idea for both the Harry Potter books and its eponymous character came while waiting for a train from Manchester to London in 1990. She stated that her idea for this scrawny, black-haired, bespectacled boy who didnt know he was a wizard became more and more real to me, while developing the ideas for her book, she also decided to make Harry an orphan who attended a boarding school called Hogwarts. She explained in a 1999 interview with The Guardian, Harry had to be an orphan—so that hes an agent, with no fear of letting down his parents. Hogwarts has to be a boarding school—half the important stuff happens at night, having a child of my own reinforces my belief that children above all want security, and thats what Hogwarts offers Harry. In a 2000 interview with The Guardian, Rowling also established that the character of Wart in T. H. Whites novel The Once, finally, she established Harrys birth date as 31 July, the same as her own. However, she maintained that Harry was not directly based on any real-life person, Rowling has also maintained that Harry is a suitable real-life role model for children. Harry first appears in Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, starting in 1981, when Harry was just one year old, his parents, James and Lily, were murdered by the most powerful Dark Wizard, Lord Voldemort. He attempted to kill Harry too, but was unsuccessful and only left a lightning bolt shaped scar on Harrys forehead, Voldemorts body was destroyed, but his soul was not. Harry later learns that the reason why he survived was because of Lily sacrificing herself for him, according to Rowling, fleshing out this back story was a matter of reverse planning, The basic idea Harry. Didnt know he was a wizard. and so then I kind of worked backwards from that position to find out how that could be, when he was one year old, the most evil wizard for hundreds and hundreds of years attempted to kill him. He killed Harrys parents, and then he tried to kill Harry—he tried to curse him, Harry has to find out, before we find out. And for some reason, the curse didnt work on Harry. So hes left with this lightning-bolt shaped scar on his forehead, as a result, Harry is written as an orphan living with his only remaining family, the Dursleys, who are neglectful and abusive. On his eleventh birthday, Harry learns he is a wizard when Rubeus Hagrid arrives to him that he is to attend Hogwarts School of Witchcraft. There he learns about the world, his parents. When he is sorted into Gryffindor House, he becomes fast friends with classmates Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, both feuds continue throughout the series

11.
Hermione Granger
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Hermione Jean Granger is a fictional character in J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter series. She first appears in Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, as a new student on her way to Hogwarts. After Harry and Ron save her from a troll in the girls toilets, she becomes best friends with them and often uses her quick wit, deft recall. Rowling has stated that Hermione resembles herself at an age, with her insecurity. Hermione Jean Granger is a Muggle-born, Gryffindor student who becomes best friends with Harry Potter, Rowling states that she was born on 19 September 1979 and she was nearly twelve when she first attended Hogwarts. She is an overachiever who excels academically, and is described by Rowling as a logical, upright. Rowling adds that Hermiones parents, two Muggle dentists, are a bit bemused by their odd daughter but very proud of her all the same and they are well aware of the wizarding world and have visited Diagon Alley with her. Rowling confirmed in a 2004 interview that Hermione is an only child, Rowling has described the character of Luna Lovegood as the anti-Hermione as they are so different. Hermiones foil at Hogwarts is Pansy Parkinson, a based on real-life girls who teased the author during her school days. Rowling stated that the character of Hermione carries several autobiographical influences, I did not set out to make Hermione like me but she is. she is an exaggeration of how I was when I was younger. She recalled being called a little know-it-all in her youth, moreover, she states that not unlike herself, there is a lot of insecurity and a great fear of failure beneath Hermiones swottiness. Rowling also states that her feminist conscience is saved by Hermione and her original last name was Puckle, but Rowling felt the name did not suit her at all, and so the less frivolous Granger made it into the books. Hermione first appears in Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone when she meets Harry, here Hermione condemns Ron for his inability to perform a spell to turn his rat yellow. She proves just how much she knows by declaring that she memorized all the textbooks by heart and she constantly annoys her peers with her knowledge, so Harry and Ron initially consider her arrogant, especially after she criticises Rons incantation of the Levitation Charm. They heartily dislike her until they rescue her from a troll, for which she is so thankful that she lies to them from punishment. Hermione is the brains behind the plan to enter the place where the Stone is hidden and she responds to Harrys wariness of Professor Severus Snape and is also suspicious of him. She reveals to Harry and Ron that she does a lot of research in the library and she concocts the Polyjuice Potion needed for the trio to disguise themselves as Dracos housemates to collect information about the Heir of Slytherin who has reopened the Chamber of Secrets. Hermione is Petrified by the basilisk after successfully identifying the creature through library research, though she lies incapacitated in the hospital wing, her information is crucial to Harry and Ron in their successful mission to solve the mystery of the Chamber of Secrets

12.
List of highest-grossing films
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Films generate income from several revenue streams, including theatrical exhibition, home video, television broadcast rights and merchandising. All charts are ranked by international theatrical box office performance where possible, excluding income derived from video, broadcasting rights. Traditionally, war films, musicals and historical dramas have been the most popular genres, the only films in the top ten that are not adapted from a pre-existing property or a sequel are the top two, Avatar and Titanic, both directed by James Cameron. Animated family films have performed well, with Disney films enjoying lucrative re-releases prior to the home-video era. Disney also enjoyed success with films such as Frozen, Zootopia and The Lion King, as well as with its Pixar brand, of which the Toy Story. Beyond Pixar animation, the Shrek, Ice Age and Despicable Me series have met with the most success, while inflation has eroded away the achievements of most films from the 1960s and 1970s, there are franchises originating from that period that are still active. Besides the Superman franchise, James Bond, Planet of the Apes, Star Wars and Star Trek films are still being released periodically, all grosses on the list are expressed in U. S. dollars at their nominal value, except where stated otherwise. With a worldwide gross of over $2. Once revenue from home entertainment is factored in it is not immediately clear which film is the most successful, Titanic earned $1.2 billion from video and DVD sales and rentals, in addition to the $2.2 billion it grossed in theaters. After home video income is accounted for, both films have earned over $3 billion, when a film is highly exploitable as a commercial property, its ancillary revenues can dwarf its income from direct film sales. The Lion King earned over $2 billion in box-office and home video sales, Pixar also had another huge hit with Toy Story 3, which generated almost $10 billion in merchandise retail sales in addition to the $1 billion it earned at the box office. On this chart, films are ranked by the revenues from theatrical exhibition at their nominal value, twenty-eight films in total have grossed in excess of $1 billion worldwide, of which three have grossed over $2 billion, with Avatar ranked in the top position. Because of the effects of inflation, notably the significant increase of movie theater ticket prices. For example, in 1970, tickets cost $1.55 or about $6.68 in inflation-adjusted 2004 dollars, by 1980, prices had risen to about $2.69, a drop to $5.50 in inflation-adjusted 2004 dollars. Ticket prices have risen at different rates of inflation around the world. Another complication is release in multiple formats for different ticket prices are charged.50. Converting to a representative system that counts ticket sales rather than gross is also fraught with problems because the only data available for older films are the sale totals. Despite the inherent difficulties in accounting for inflation, several attempts have been made, Gone with the Wind—first released in 1939—is generally considered to be the most successful film, with Guinness World Records in 2014 estimating its adjusted global gross at $3.4 billion

List of highest-grossing films
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Gone with the Wind held the record of highest-grossing film for twenty-five years, and, adjusted for inflation, has earned more than any other film.
List of highest-grossing films
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The two highest-grossing films have both been directed and written by James Cameron.
List of highest-grossing films
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Films directed by Steven Spielberg have been the highest-grossing film of the year on six occasions, and on three occasions have been the highest-grossing film of all time.
List of highest-grossing films
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The Birth of a Nation pioneered many of the techniques used in film-making today, becoming the most successful film ever made at the time of its release.

13.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze

14.
Frank Bryce
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The following are supporting characters in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling. For members of the Order of the Phoenix, Dumbledores Army, Hogwarts staff, Ministry of Magic, or for Death Eaters, the Dursley family are Harry Potters last living relatives. To ensure Harrys safety, Albus Dumbledore placed him in the Dursleys care when he was a baby, the Dursleys live at Number 4, Privet Drive, Little Whinging in Surrey, England. They are all Muggles, and despise all things related to magic – and anything out of the ordinary in general –, Dursley is a small town in Gloucestershire, near Rowlings birthplace. Vernon Dursley is Harrys uncle, Petunias husband, Dudleys father, Vernon is described as a big, beefy man, the literal human embodiment of a walrus, with hardly any neck, and a large moustache. He is very much the head of his family, laying down most of the rules for Harry and doing most of the threatening and he is also the director of a drill-making firm, Grunnings, and seems to be quite successful in his career. He regularly reads the Daily Mail, uncle Vernon and his wife have grudgingly raised Harry from an early age. He and Petunia were often hostile to Harry and never informed him about the world, including how his parents died. In fact, while discussing the Dementor attack with Harry, Vernon actually hopes aloud that Harry will receive the death penalty. When the Dursleys decide to leave Privet Drive to go into hiding, Vernon nearly shakes Harrys hand good-bye, in the film version, he leaves without even a word to Harry although a deleted scene showing Dudley and Harrys reconciliation shows him saying this is farewell. Vernon is portrayed by Richard Griffiths in the film series, Petunia Dursley is Harrys maternal aunt, Lily Potters older sister, Vernons wife, Dudleys mother and Marges sister-in-law. She is described as a woman with blonde hair that she passed down to her son, a rather horsey face and a very long neck. Her eyes are large and pale, quite unlike Lilys and her whole family prior to Lily are made up of Muggles. According to Petunia, her parents were proud of having a witch in the family, in fact, she was envious and resentful of Lilys magical abilities and went so far as to write to Dumbledore, pleading to be allowed to enter Hogwarts. Afterwards, Petunia grew bitter towards the school and, by extension, towards the wizarding world in general. She had no contact with Lily after her marriage to James Potter, the gift echoes Harrys Dursley-sent Christmas presents, which are never pretty or welcome. Petunia has more knowledge of the world than she is initially willing to admit. After the Dementors attack Harry and Dudley, Petunia states that she knows Dementors guard the wizard prison, when Harry and the rest of her family look at her strangely, she explains that she heard that awful boy telling Lily about them years ago

15.
Weasleys
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Ronald Bilius Ron Weasley is a fictional character in J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter series. His first appearance was in the first book of the series, Harry Potter and he is a member of the Weasley family, a pure blood family, who reside in The Burrow outside Ottery St. Catchpole. Along with Harry and Hermione, he is a member of the Gryffindor house, Ron is present in most of the action throughout the series. According to Rowling, Ron was among the characters she created the very first day, Ron is inspired by Rowlings best friend Sean Harris, but she has clearly stated that she never set out to describe Sean in Ron, but Ron has a Sean-ish turn of phrase. Like Harris is to Rowling, Ron is always there when Harry needs him, some of Rons qualities serve as foils to Harry. While Harry is an orphan with more gold than he needs, Ron comes from a loving but poor family, many of his possessions are hand-me-downs. Harry is famous but would prefer to avoid the spotlight, Ron, in comparison, is perceived as a mere lackey. Finally, Ron is the most mediocre of his siblings, being neither an excellent Quidditch player, All these factors have combined to cause Ron serious insecurities, this inferiority complex, and his need to prove himself, is the main thrust of his character arc. Rowling first introduces Ron with his family in Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, Harry is lost at Kings Cross railway station and the Weasleys guide him through the barrier of Platform 9¾ into the wizarding world. Ron and Harry share a compartment on the Hogwarts Express, and they begin their friendship, Ron fascinated with the famous Harry, Ron and Harry share the same classes throughout the series, and generally have similar academic successes and disappointments. Ron plays a part in the quest to save the Philosophers Stone. His strategy at Wizards Chess allows Hermione and Harry to proceed safely through a dangerous life-size, during the game, Ron allows his piece to be sacrificed and is subsequently knocked unconscious. These last-minute points help support Gryffindors win of the House Cup, the second instalment, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, takes place the year following the events of the Philosophers Stone. During the summer, Ron attempts to write to Harry several times and he receives no reply because Dobby the house elf is stopping Harrys wizard mail. Ron becomes so concerned that he and his brothers Fred and George fly their fathers enchanted Ford Anglia car to Harrys home at his aunt, Harry spends the next month at the Weasleys home, The Burrow. While attempting to depart from Kings Cross station, Harry and Ron find themselves unable to enter the barrier to access Platform 9¾, with Harry, Ron conceives the idea of taking the flying Ford Anglia to Hogwarts. The plan is successful, but the Anglia loses power at the end of the journey, Ron receives a Howler from his mother, berating him for taking the car. Later Ron is forced to come face-to-face with his worst nightmare, spiders, in the Forbidden Forest, giant spiders nearly devour the two of them, but the Weasley Ford Anglia returns from the Forbidden Forest and rescues the pair

16.
Death Eaters
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Death Eaters are fictional characters in the Harry Potter series of novels and films. They are a group of wizards and witches, led by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, Death Eaters recognise one another by the Dark Mark on their left forearm, a sign created by Voldemort to summon him instantly to them or vice versa. Their typical attire includes black hooded robes and masks, Death Eaters are wizards and witches led by Lord Voldemort. Some, like Bellatrix Lestrange, are the kind of Death Eaters that Voldemort is most close to, Death Eaters have a Dark Mark on their forearm, that Voldemort can use to summon all of the Death Eaters. When Voldemort failed to kill Harry Potter, he lost his powers and was upset when he returned because no Death Eater had come looking for him and they also did this to people who were blood traitors. Around 10 years after the Death Eaters first surfaced, a Seer named Sybill Trelawney made a prophecy about a boy who would have the power to defeat Voldemort forever. The prophecy could have referred to two different boys, Harry Potter or Neville Longbottom, however, Voldemort chose Harry as said in the prophecy, that the Dark Lord would mark him as his equal. As Voldemort was a half-blood, he chose his equal, Harry, whose mother was a Muggle-born witch, instead of Neville, acting on information from James and Lily Potters Secret-Keeper Peter Pettigrew, Voldemort attempted to complete the prophecy and kill his infant rival. Due to Harrys mothers sacrifice to save her son, Voldemorts deadly curse rebounded off Harry, with Voldemort vanquished after failing to kill Harry, the Death Eaters largely disbanded. The Lestranges are the only Death Eaters known to have sacrificed their freedom for Voldemort. This is something that does not go unnoticed by him, as he claims, when he returns, early in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire a group of Death Eaters rallies after the Quidditch World Cup. They gather to form a spectacle and disturbance which spreads instant chaos. Their appearance alone creates hysteria, and their numbers grow while they torture muggles and it concludes when the Dark Mark is produced in the sky by Barty Crouch Jr, frightening Death Eaters and Ministry officials alike. Voldemort, having regained his strength at the end of Harry Potter. Except for Severus Snape, those dead, imprisoned, or afraid to return, Voldemort states at his rebirth, And here we have six missing Death Eaters. three dead in my service. One, too cowardly to return. he will pay, one, who I believe has left me forever. he will be killed, of course. and one, who remains my most faithful servant, and who has already reentered my service. Based on later happenings in the books, it can be deduced that the one too cowardly to return is Igor Karkaroff. The one who I believe has left me forever is Severus Snape, the most faithful servant is Barty Crouch Jr. who has already been in place at Hogwarts working for Voldemort

17.
Auror
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The Ministry of Magic is the government of the Magical community of Britain in J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter series. First mentioned in Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, the Ministry makes its first proper appearance in Harry Potter, throughout the books, it is generally depicted as either corrupt, incompetent, or both, with its high officials blind to actual events and dangers. It reaches a nadir of corruption before being taken over by Lord Voldemort. At the end of the book, following Voldemorts death, Kingsley Shacklebolt takes over the ministry. By the time of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, Hermione Granger is the Minister for Magic, each new Muggle Prime Minister receives a visit from the Minister for Magic, who informs him or her that the wizarding world exists. He explains that he contact the Prime Minister only in circumstances in which the events of the wizard world may affect Muggles. For example, the Minister has to inform the Prime Minister if dangerous magical artefacts or animals are to be brought into Britain, the Ministry keeps in touch with the British Prime Minister via a wizards portrait in the Prime Ministers office at 10 Downing Street. The Ministers for Magic who appear in the Harry Potter series, such as Cornelius Fudge and Rufus Scrimgeour, the Ministry government succeeded the earlier Wizards Council, the earliest-known form of government for the wizarding world of Harry Potter. In the Harry Potter books, the Ministrys employees appear to be an unelected body. The post of Minister itself, however, is stated to be an elected position, who has the power to elect or dismiss ministers is never explained. Furthermore, the government gives the impression of incompetence or malice. It often appears incompetent, to the point of being unable to detect or prevent an assault on the Department of Mysteries. However, these events occurred under Cornelius Fudges reign, a Minister who is renowned in the books as incompetent, Fudges resignation in the next book is a direct result of these events. Not all of the accused are even given trials, as in the case of Sirius Black, in Order of the Phoenix, the Ministry is shown to be quite prepared to decree and enforce draconian laws without notice. At times, the Ministry can also seem uninterested in solving serious problems, in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Fudge takes a long time to respond to the attacks on Hogwarts. In the fifth instalment, Fudge refuses to believe that Lord Voldemort has returned, eventually, the Ministry is forced to acknowledge the emergency and act on it. Fudge is subsequently removed from office for incompetence and replaced by Rufus Scrimgeour, when interviewed, Rowling stated that when Harry, Ron and Hermione work for the Ministry, they change it drastically, making it less corrupt. The Department of Magical Law Enforcement is a combination of police and justice facilities and it is located on the second level of the Ministry of Magic

Auror
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Some Ministry officials in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, from left to right: John Dawlish, Auror; Dolores Umbridge, Senior Undersecretary to the Minister; Cornelius Fudge, Minister for Magic; and Kingsley Shacklebolt, Auror.
Auror
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Ministry of Magic

18.
Triwizard Tournament
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Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is the fourth novel in the Harry Potter series, written by British author J. K. Rowling. The novel won a Hugo Award, the only Harry Potter novel to do so, the book was made into a film, which was released worldwide on 18 November 2005, and a video game by Electronic Arts. Harry learns that he is a wizard when he is 11 years old, just before he enrolls in Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and he befriends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, and is confronted by Lord Voldemort who is trying to regain power. In Harrys first year he has to protect the Philosophers Stone from Voldemort, after returning to the school after summer break, students at Hogwarts are attacked by the legendary monster of the Chamber of Secrets after the chamber is opened. Harry ends the attacks by killing a Basilisk and defeating another attempt by Lord Voldemort to return to full strength, the following year, Harry hears that he has been targeted by escaped mass murderer Sirius Black. Despite stringent security measures at Hogwarts, Harry is confronted by Black at the end of his year of schooling. He also learned that it was his fathers old school friend Peter Pettigrew who actually betrayed his parents, the book opens with Harry seeing Frank Bryce being killed by Lord Voldemort in a vision, and is awoken by his scar hurting. The Weasleys then take Harry and Hermione Granger to the Quidditch World Cup, using a Portkey, to watch Ireland versus Bulgaria, there, Harry meets Cedric Diggory, who is attending the match with his father. After the match, Voldemorts followers attack the site, destroying spectators tents, the Dark Mark gets fired into the sky, which leads to a panic since it is the first time the sign has been seen in 13 years. Hermione, angry at injustice, forms a society to promote the rights of house elves. However, only those over 17—the age of majority in the wizarding world—will be allowed to enter and it is the first time in 202 years that the Triwizard Tournament will be held. Students from Beauxbatons Academy and the Durmstrang Institute, other wizarding academies, will travel to Hogwarts, at Halloween, the Goblet of Fire picks Fleur Delacour from Beauxbatons Academy, Viktor Krum from Durmstrang Institute, and Cedric Diggory from Hogwarts to compete in the tournament. However, it gives a fourth name—Harry Potter—leading to suspicion and indignation from everyone. Ron is jealous that Harry is once again in the limelight, hagrid reveals to Harry that the first task involves dragons, and since Fleur and Krums headmasters are also aware of this, and will surely tell them in advance, Harry informs Cedric as well. Ron and Harry subsequently reconcile, Ron now understanding the danger of the tournament. When Harry opens the egg, though, it merely shrieks loudly, Hermione then takes Harry and Ron to the school kitchens, where house elves work. There, they meet a distraught Winky, who is struggling to get over the loss of her sacking. They also meet Harrys old friend Dobby, who has employed at Hogwarts to work in the kitchens, he is the only known house elf to appreciate his freedom

19.
Goblet of Fire
–
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is the fourth novel in the Harry Potter series, written by British author J. K. Rowling. The novel won a Hugo Award, the only Harry Potter novel to do so, the book was made into a film, which was released worldwide on 18 November 2005, and a video game by Electronic Arts. Harry learns that he is a wizard when he is 11 years old, just before he enrolls in Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and he befriends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, and is confronted by Lord Voldemort who is trying to regain power. In Harrys first year he has to protect the Philosophers Stone from Voldemort, after returning to the school after summer break, students at Hogwarts are attacked by the legendary monster of the Chamber of Secrets after the chamber is opened. Harry ends the attacks by killing a Basilisk and defeating another attempt by Lord Voldemort to return to full strength, the following year, Harry hears that he has been targeted by escaped mass murderer Sirius Black. Despite stringent security measures at Hogwarts, Harry is confronted by Black at the end of his year of schooling. He also learned that it was his fathers old school friend Peter Pettigrew who actually betrayed his parents, the book opens with Harry seeing Frank Bryce being killed by Lord Voldemort in a vision, and is awoken by his scar hurting. The Weasleys then take Harry and Hermione Granger to the Quidditch World Cup, using a Portkey, to watch Ireland versus Bulgaria, there, Harry meets Cedric Diggory, who is attending the match with his father. After the match, Voldemorts followers attack the site, destroying spectators tents, the Dark Mark gets fired into the sky, which leads to a panic since it is the first time the sign has been seen in 13 years. Hermione, angry at injustice, forms a society to promote the rights of house elves. However, only those over 17—the age of majority in the wizarding world—will be allowed to enter and it is the first time in 202 years that the Triwizard Tournament will be held. Students from Beauxbatons Academy and the Durmstrang Institute, other wizarding academies, will travel to Hogwarts, at Halloween, the Goblet of Fire picks Fleur Delacour from Beauxbatons Academy, Viktor Krum from Durmstrang Institute, and Cedric Diggory from Hogwarts to compete in the tournament. However, it gives a fourth name—Harry Potter—leading to suspicion and indignation from everyone. Ron is jealous that Harry is once again in the limelight, hagrid reveals to Harry that the first task involves dragons, and since Fleur and Krums headmasters are also aware of this, and will surely tell them in advance, Harry informs Cedric as well. Ron and Harry subsequently reconcile, Ron now understanding the danger of the tournament. When Harry opens the egg, though, it merely shrieks loudly, Hermione then takes Harry and Ron to the school kitchens, where house elves work. There, they meet a distraught Winky, who is struggling to get over the loss of her sacking. They also meet Harrys old friend Dobby, who has employed at Hogwarts to work in the kitchens, he is the only known house elf to appreciate his freedom

Goblet of Fire
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Harry Potter books Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
Goblet of Fire
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US cover of Goblet of Fire.

20.
Cedric Diggory
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The following are supporting characters in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling. For members of the Order of the Phoenix, Dumbledores Army, Hogwarts staff, Ministry of Magic, or for Death Eaters, the Dursley family are Harry Potters last living relatives. To ensure Harrys safety, Albus Dumbledore placed him in the Dursleys care when he was a baby, the Dursleys live at Number 4, Privet Drive, Little Whinging in Surrey, England. They are all Muggles, and despise all things related to magic – and anything out of the ordinary in general –, Dursley is a small town in Gloucestershire, near Rowlings birthplace. Vernon Dursley is Harrys uncle, Petunias husband, Dudleys father, Vernon is described as a big, beefy man, the literal human embodiment of a walrus, with hardly any neck, and a large moustache. He is very much the head of his family, laying down most of the rules for Harry and doing most of the threatening and he is also the director of a drill-making firm, Grunnings, and seems to be quite successful in his career. He regularly reads the Daily Mail, uncle Vernon and his wife have grudgingly raised Harry from an early age. He and Petunia were often hostile to Harry and never informed him about the world, including how his parents died. In fact, while discussing the Dementor attack with Harry, Vernon actually hopes aloud that Harry will receive the death penalty. When the Dursleys decide to leave Privet Drive to go into hiding, Vernon nearly shakes Harrys hand good-bye, in the film version, he leaves without even a word to Harry although a deleted scene showing Dudley and Harrys reconciliation shows him saying this is farewell. Vernon is portrayed by Richard Griffiths in the film series, Petunia Dursley is Harrys maternal aunt, Lily Potters older sister, Vernons wife, Dudleys mother and Marges sister-in-law. She is described as a woman with blonde hair that she passed down to her son, a rather horsey face and a very long neck. Her eyes are large and pale, quite unlike Lilys and her whole family prior to Lily are made up of Muggles. According to Petunia, her parents were proud of having a witch in the family, in fact, she was envious and resentful of Lilys magical abilities and went so far as to write to Dumbledore, pleading to be allowed to enter Hogwarts. Afterwards, Petunia grew bitter towards the school and, by extension, towards the wizarding world in general. She had no contact with Lily after her marriage to James Potter, the gift echoes Harrys Dursley-sent Christmas presents, which are never pretty or welcome. Petunia has more knowledge of the world than she is initially willing to admit. After the Dementors attack Harry and Dudley, Petunia states that she knows Dementors guard the wizard prison, when Harry and the rest of her family look at her strangely, she explains that she heard that awful boy telling Lily about them years ago

21.
Hufflepuff
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Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, shortened Hogwarts, is a fictional British school of magic for students aged eleven to eighteen, and is the primary setting for the first six books in J. K. Hogwarts school was voted as the 36th best Scottish educational establishment in a 2008 online ranking, outranking Edinburghs Loretto School, according to a director of the Independent Schools Network Rankings, it was added to the schools listing for fun and was then voted on. J. K. Rowling says she visualises Hogwarts, in its entirety, to be, A huge, rambling, quite scary-looking castle, with a jumble of towers and battlements. Like the Weasleys house, it isnt a building that Muggles could build, in the novels, Hogwarts is somewhere in Scotland. The school is depicted as having numerous charms and spells on, Muggles cannot see the school, rather, they see only ruins and several warnings of danger. There is also an owlery, which all the owls owned by the school. Some rooms in the school tend to move around, and so do the stairs in the grand staircase, electricity and electronic devices are not found at Hogwarts. In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Hermione indicates that due to the levels of magic, substitutes for magic Muggles use such as computers, radar. Rowling explains this by saying that the radios are not powered by electricity, Hogwarts is on the shore of a lake, sometimes called the Black Lake. In that lake are merpeople, Grindylows, and a giant squid, the giant squid does not attack humans and sometimes acts as a lifeguard when students are in the lake. Hogwarts is a coeducational, secondary boarding school, taking children from eleven to eighteen. Education at Hogwarts is not compulsory, with students being home schooled as stated in the seventh book. Rowling initially said there are one thousand students at Hogwarts. She later suggested around six hundred, while acknowledging that this number was still inconsistent with the number of people in Harrys year. She further explained that this had resulted from her creating only 40 characters for Harrys year, Rowling has said that Hogwarts is a multifaith school. She has further stated on the subject, The only people I never imagined there are Wiccans, in response to the query, o you think there are a lot of LGBT students in modern age Hogwarts. I like to imagine they formed an LGBT club, Rowling replied, according to the novels, admission to Hogwarts is selective, in that children who show magical ability will automatically gain a place, and squibs cannot attend the school as students. A magical quill at Hogwarts detects the birth of children and writes their names into a large parchment book

22.
Viktor Krum
–
The following are supporting characters in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling. For members of the Order of the Phoenix, Dumbledores Army, Hogwarts staff, Ministry of Magic, or for Death Eaters, the Dursley family are Harry Potters last living relatives. To ensure Harrys safety, Albus Dumbledore placed him in the Dursleys care when he was a baby, the Dursleys live at Number 4, Privet Drive, Little Whinging in Surrey, England. They are all Muggles, and despise all things related to magic – and anything out of the ordinary in general –, Dursley is a small town in Gloucestershire, near Rowlings birthplace. Vernon Dursley is Harrys uncle, Petunias husband, Dudleys father, Vernon is described as a big, beefy man, the literal human embodiment of a walrus, with hardly any neck, and a large moustache. He is very much the head of his family, laying down most of the rules for Harry and doing most of the threatening and he is also the director of a drill-making firm, Grunnings, and seems to be quite successful in his career. He regularly reads the Daily Mail, uncle Vernon and his wife have grudgingly raised Harry from an early age. He and Petunia were often hostile to Harry and never informed him about the world, including how his parents died. In fact, while discussing the Dementor attack with Harry, Vernon actually hopes aloud that Harry will receive the death penalty. When the Dursleys decide to leave Privet Drive to go into hiding, Vernon nearly shakes Harrys hand good-bye, in the film version, he leaves without even a word to Harry although a deleted scene showing Dudley and Harrys reconciliation shows him saying this is farewell. Vernon is portrayed by Richard Griffiths in the film series, Petunia Dursley is Harrys maternal aunt, Lily Potters older sister, Vernons wife, Dudleys mother and Marges sister-in-law. She is described as a woman with blonde hair that she passed down to her son, a rather horsey face and a very long neck. Her eyes are large and pale, quite unlike Lilys and her whole family prior to Lily are made up of Muggles. According to Petunia, her parents were proud of having a witch in the family, in fact, she was envious and resentful of Lilys magical abilities and went so far as to write to Dumbledore, pleading to be allowed to enter Hogwarts. Afterwards, Petunia grew bitter towards the school and, by extension, towards the wizarding world in general. She had no contact with Lily after her marriage to James Potter, the gift echoes Harrys Dursley-sent Christmas presents, which are never pretty or welcome. Petunia has more knowledge of the world than she is initially willing to admit. After the Dementors attack Harry and Dudley, Petunia states that she knows Dementors guard the wizard prison, when Harry and the rest of her family look at her strangely, she explains that she heard that awful boy telling Lily about them years ago

23.
Fleur Delacour
–
The Order of the Phoenix is a secret organisation in the Harry Potter series of fiction books written by J. K. Rowling. Founded by Albus Dumbledore to fight Lord Voldemort and his followers, the Death Eaters, the Order lends its name to the book of the series, Harry Potter. Several characters joined the organisation, seeking to prevent Voldemort from taking over the wizarding world, the Longbottoms were also tortured to insanity at the hands of Bellatrix Lestrange. Voldemorts first reign of terror ended after the murders of James and Lily Potter, when Harry reported that Voldemort had returned, towards the end of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Dumbledore reactivated the Order. Many of the members returned and were soon joined by recruits who effectively replaced those who had died in service during the first conflict. The Order established their headquarters at Number Twelve, Grimmauld Place, Sirius Blacks family home, Dumbledore was the Secret-Keeper for the Order, meaning that only he could reveal the location of the Orders headquarters to others. Dumbledores death on his own request at the hands of Severus Snape in book six made the location vulnerable, the Order led the fight against Voldemort in the fifth instalment while the Minister of Magic refused to accept the return of Voldemort. In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, some Order members take turns guarding Sybill Trelawneys prophecy, Rubeus Hagrid, the Hogwarts Grounds Keeper and an original Member of the Order, was accompanied by Olympe Maxime in an attempt to recruit the giants to the Orders cause. Some members also participated in a battle at the Department of Mysteries near the end of the fifth book, Order members patrolled Hogwarts, the Wizarding school, on the night of Dumbledores death in Half-Blood Prince, fighting the Death Eaters who managed to enter the castle. In the series finale, attention turns to escorting the Death Eaters main target, Harry Potter, the following characters were members of the Order of the Phoenix during Lord Voldemorts initial rise to power and several years prior to the main events of the Harry Potter series. Many of these characters later served as members of the revived Order and these characters joined the Order when Dumbledore reactivated it after Lord Voldemorts return at the end of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. This is a list of members of the Order of the Phoenix. Albus Dumbledore, Severus Snape and Rubeus Hagrid have their own pages, minerva McGonagall is listed under Hogwarts staff, Fred and George are listed under Dumbledores Army, and Peter Pettigrew is listed under Death Eater. Sirius Black, nicknamed Padfoot because his Animagus form takes the shape of a dog, is the last heir to the House of Black and he is the older brother of Regulus Arcturus Black and a cousin of Narcissa Malfoy, Andromeda Tonks, and Bellatrix Lestrange. He rejected his familys pure-blood elitism and reverence for the Dark Arts, in contrast to his home life, Sirius greatly enjoyed life at Hogwarts. He was proud of the fact that he was the only Black to be sorted into Gryffindor and he was inseparable from his best friend James Prongs Potter and befriended Remus Moony Lupin and Peter Wormtail Pettigrew. He was mentioned by Rubeus Hagrid in the first novel, but did not appear until the third in the series, Sirius, along with James, bullied Severus Snape while they were at school, nicknaming him Snivellus. Sirius left home at the age of sixteen and took refuge with James and his outraged mother burned his name off the family tree, but he was left financially independent by his Uncle Alphards generous bequest

Fleur Delacour
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Some Order of the Phoenix members in the Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix film adaptation, from left to right: Alastor Moody, Nymphadora Tonks, Sirius Black, Remus Lupin, Albus Dumbledore
Fleur Delacour
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The Potters as illustrated by Mary GrandPré.

24.
France
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France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans 643,801 square kilometres and had a population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary republic with the capital in Paris. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse, during the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome, which held Gaul until 486, France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years War strengthening state-building and political centralisation. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a colonial empire was established. The 16th century was dominated by civil wars between Catholics and Protestants. France became Europes dominant cultural, political, and military power under Louis XIV, in the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire, whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War, the Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains to this day. Algeria and nearly all the colonies became independent in the 1960s with minimal controversy and typically retained close economic. France has long been a centre of art, science. It hosts Europes fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, France is a developed country with the worlds sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. In terms of household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, France remains a great power in the world, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a member state of the European Union and the Eurozone. It is also a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, originally applied to the whole Frankish Empire, the name France comes from the Latin Francia, or country of the Franks

25.
Barty Crouch Sr.
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The Ministry of Magic is the government of the Magical community of Britain in J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter series. First mentioned in Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, the Ministry makes its first proper appearance in Harry Potter, throughout the books, it is generally depicted as either corrupt, incompetent, or both, with its high officials blind to actual events and dangers. It reaches a nadir of corruption before being taken over by Lord Voldemort. At the end of the book, following Voldemorts death, Kingsley Shacklebolt takes over the ministry. By the time of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, Hermione Granger is the Minister for Magic, each new Muggle Prime Minister receives a visit from the Minister for Magic, who informs him or her that the wizarding world exists. He explains that he contact the Prime Minister only in circumstances in which the events of the wizard world may affect Muggles. For example, the Minister has to inform the Prime Minister if dangerous magical artefacts or animals are to be brought into Britain, the Ministry keeps in touch with the British Prime Minister via a wizards portrait in the Prime Ministers office at 10 Downing Street. The Ministers for Magic who appear in the Harry Potter series, such as Cornelius Fudge and Rufus Scrimgeour, the Ministry government succeeded the earlier Wizards Council, the earliest-known form of government for the wizarding world of Harry Potter. In the Harry Potter books, the Ministrys employees appear to be an unelected body. The post of Minister itself, however, is stated to be an elected position, who has the power to elect or dismiss ministers is never explained. Furthermore, the government gives the impression of incompetence or malice. It often appears incompetent, to the point of being unable to detect or prevent an assault on the Department of Mysteries. However, these events occurred under Cornelius Fudges reign, a Minister who is renowned in the books as incompetent, Fudges resignation in the next book is a direct result of these events. Not all of the accused are even given trials, as in the case of Sirius Black, in Order of the Phoenix, the Ministry is shown to be quite prepared to decree and enforce draconian laws without notice. At times, the Ministry can also seem uninterested in solving serious problems, in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Fudge takes a long time to respond to the attacks on Hogwarts. In the fifth instalment, Fudge refuses to believe that Lord Voldemort has returned, eventually, the Ministry is forced to acknowledge the emergency and act on it. Fudge is subsequently removed from office for incompetence and replaced by Rufus Scrimgeour, when interviewed, Rowling stated that when Harry, Ron and Hermione work for the Ministry, they change it drastically, making it less corrupt. The Department of Magical Law Enforcement is a combination of police and justice facilities and it is located on the second level of the Ministry of Magic

Barty Crouch Sr.
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Some Ministry officials in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, from left to right: John Dawlish, Auror; Dolores Umbridge, Senior Undersecretary to the Minister; Cornelius Fudge, Minister for Magic; and Kingsley Shacklebolt, Auror.
Barty Crouch Sr.
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Ministry of Magic

26.
Yule Ball
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Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is the fourth novel in the Harry Potter series, written by British author J. K. Rowling. The novel won a Hugo Award, the only Harry Potter novel to do so, the book was made into a film, which was released worldwide on 18 November 2005, and a video game by Electronic Arts. Harry learns that he is a wizard when he is 11 years old, just before he enrolls in Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and he befriends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, and is confronted by Lord Voldemort who is trying to regain power. In Harrys first year he has to protect the Philosophers Stone from Voldemort, after returning to the school after summer break, students at Hogwarts are attacked by the legendary monster of the Chamber of Secrets after the chamber is opened. Harry ends the attacks by killing a Basilisk and defeating another attempt by Lord Voldemort to return to full strength, the following year, Harry hears that he has been targeted by escaped mass murderer Sirius Black. Despite stringent security measures at Hogwarts, Harry is confronted by Black at the end of his year of schooling. He also learned that it was his fathers old school friend Peter Pettigrew who actually betrayed his parents, the book opens with Harry seeing Frank Bryce being killed by Lord Voldemort in a vision, and is awoken by his scar hurting. The Weasleys then take Harry and Hermione Granger to the Quidditch World Cup, using a Portkey, to watch Ireland versus Bulgaria, there, Harry meets Cedric Diggory, who is attending the match with his father. After the match, Voldemorts followers attack the site, destroying spectators tents, the Dark Mark gets fired into the sky, which leads to a panic since it is the first time the sign has been seen in 13 years. Hermione, angry at injustice, forms a society to promote the rights of house elves. However, only those over 17—the age of majority in the wizarding world—will be allowed to enter and it is the first time in 202 years that the Triwizard Tournament will be held. Students from Beauxbatons Academy and the Durmstrang Institute, other wizarding academies, will travel to Hogwarts, at Halloween, the Goblet of Fire picks Fleur Delacour from Beauxbatons Academy, Viktor Krum from Durmstrang Institute, and Cedric Diggory from Hogwarts to compete in the tournament. However, it gives a fourth name—Harry Potter—leading to suspicion and indignation from everyone. Ron is jealous that Harry is once again in the limelight, hagrid reveals to Harry that the first task involves dragons, and since Fleur and Krums headmasters are also aware of this, and will surely tell them in advance, Harry informs Cedric as well. Ron and Harry subsequently reconcile, Ron now understanding the danger of the tournament. When Harry opens the egg, though, it merely shrieks loudly, Hermione then takes Harry and Ron to the school kitchens, where house elves work. There, they meet a distraught Winky, who is struggling to get over the loss of her sacking. They also meet Harrys old friend Dobby, who has employed at Hogwarts to work in the kitchens, he is the only known house elf to appreciate his freedom

27.
Cho Chang
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Dumbledores Army is a fictional student organisation in J. K. It was founded in the book, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. This theory-only approach is widely unpopular among the students, especially those characters like Harry, exams on the subject later in the year. Harry also believes that lack of practical experience makes them vulnerable to Lord Voldemorts forces. This prompts Hermione to suggest founding a student group where Harry would teach practical Defence Against the Dark Arts, in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Neville and Luna are distraught due to the fact that the D. A. no longer exists. When Hogwarts is invaded by Death Eaters, they are among the members who join the Order of the Phoenix in the ensuing battle. A, however, Luna is abducted and Ginny leaves school, leaving Neville as the D. A. s leader. The group thereafter hide from the Death Eaters in the Room of Requirement, the D. A. believed that if Harry returned hed lead them in a revolution against Snape and the Carrows and are disappointed when he initially refuses to let them help. In the books climax, the D. A. plays an important role in the Battle of Hogwarts, twenty years later, they still wage hopeless resistance against the all-powerful Voldemort, clandestinely helped by Severus Snape - in this reality still alive and still teaching at Hogwarts. Eventually, these remnants of Dumbledores Army sacrifice themselves to cover the escape of Scorpius Malfoy, Hannah Abbott is a Hufflepuff student in Harrys year, described as pink-faced with blonde hair worn in pigtails. W. L. Exams, and has to be given a Calming Draught and she is among the six D. A. members who prevent Draco Malfoy, Crabbe, and Goyle from ambushing Harry aboard the Hogwarts Express at the end of the term. The adult Hannah becomes the landlady of The Leaky Cauldron, and has married Neville Longbottom, charlotte Skeoch played Hannah in the film adaptations of Chamber of Secrets and Goblet of Fire, and voiced the character in the Order of the Phoenix video game. Katie Bell is a Gryffindor student who joins the Quidditch team in her year as a Chaser. She nonetheless succeeds in retaining her spot as Chaser alongside newcomers Ginny Weasley, in Half-Blood Prince, Malfoy secretly attempts to use Katie to deliver a fatally-cursed necklace to Dumbledore. Madam Rosmerta, whom he has placed under the Imperius Curse, herself puts Katie under the Imperius Curse, in the Three Broomsticks in Hogsmeade, in order to deliver it. Whilst arguing about the package with her friend Leanne, Katie ends up accidentally touching the necklace through the package and is badly cursed. Katie returns fully healed to participate in Gryffindors Quidditch Cup final win over Ravenclaw, in Deathly Hallows, she reunites with Oliver, Alicia and Angelina to assist the D. A. in the Battle of Hogwarts. Katie was portrayed by Emily Dale in a part in the first two films. Susan Bones is a Hufflepuff student in Harrys year who wears her hair in a long plait down her back

28.
Pensieve
–
The following is a list of magical objects used in the Harry Potter series. In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Hermione Granger creates fake, due to the coins being infused with a Protean Charm, once Harry Potter alters his, every coin changes to suit. The coins grow hot when the change to alert the members to look at their coins. Draco reveals he got the idea from Hermiones DA coins, which were inspired by Lord Voldemorts use of the Dark Mark to communicate with his Death Eaters. In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Neville Longbottom uses the DAs coins to alert people such as Luna Lovegood and Ginny Weasley that Harry, Ron and they then arrive at the Room of Requirement to fight in the Battle of Hogwarts on May 2,1998. A Howler is a letter sent to signify extreme anger or to convey a message very loudly and publicly. When it is opened, the voice, which has been magically magnified to a deafening volume, bellows a message at the recipient. If it is not opened or there is a delay in opening it, the letter smolders, explodes violently, and shouts the message out even louder than normal. In the film version, the Howler folds itself into a set of lips and eyes. In Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Ron Weasley receives a Howler from his mother, Molly Weasley, after he steals his fathers enchanted car and flies it to Hogwarts with Harry. Neville Longbottom confessed that he once got a Howler from his grandmother, stating that he ignored it, subsequently, Neville receives another Howler from his grandmother after Sirius Black uses his list of passwords to enter the Gryffindor Common Room in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Hermione receives one in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire after Rita Skeeter publishes an article about the relationship between Hermione and Harry. In the film Harry receives a Howler from Mafalda Hopkirk to announce he has been expelled from Hogwarts for using magic outside school. A Deluminator is a device invented by Albus Dumbledore that resembles a cigarette lighter and it is used to remove or absorb the light from any light source to provide cover to the user. In Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, Dumbledore uses the Deluminator to darken Privet Drive and it was next seen in Order of the Phoenix where Dumbledore loans the Deluminator to Moody, who uses it when transporting Harry from the Dursleys home to Number 12, Grimmauld Place. In Half-Blood Prince, Dumbledore uses the Deluminator again to darken Privet Drive before collecting Harry, in Deathly Hallows, it is bequeathed to Ron by Dumbledore. After Ron had left his friends in anger, the Deluminator demonstrated an additional capability, Rowling stated that Dumbledore left it to Ron because he believed he might have needed a little more guidance than Harry and Hermione. Within the Harry Potter universe, an invisibility cloak is used to make the wearer invisible, all are very rare and expensive, and may be spun from pelts of the Demiguise, magical herbivores that are found in the Far East

29.
Azkaban
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J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter universe contains numerous settings for the events in her fantasy novels. These locations are categorised as a dwelling, school, shopping district, the Weasleys home, known as the Burrow, is located outside the village of Ottery St Catchpole, also near the home of the Lovegoods, the Diggorys and the Fawcetts. The Weasley house has seven floors and it is also quite dilapidated, managing to remain standing only by magic. Despite the houses appearance, Harry remarks on his first visit that it was the best house he had ever been in. The well-hidden orchard nearby doubles as a Quidditch pitch for the Weasley boys, a multitude of garden gnomes infests the garden of the Burrow. Godrics Hollow is a village located in the West Country of England. It is noted for being home to a community like several other villages such as Ottery St Catchpole. The village was the home and final hiding place of James and it was at this time that their baby son, Harry, was left with his lightning bolt-shaped scar. Godrics Hollow was the home of James Potters family, and the home of long-dead Hogwarts founder Godric Gryffindor, after expressing his interest in returning to Godrics Hollow to visit his parents graves, Harry does so in the company of Hermione Granger. Dumbledores mother Kendra moved her family to Godrics Hollow after her husband, other notable residents of the village include Bowman Wright and Bathilda Bagshot, author of A History of Magic. Rowling was questioned in an interview for BBC Newsround and implicitly confirmed the connection between Godrics Hollow and Godric Gryffindor and this connection was also stated outright by Hermione in the final book of the series. Invisible to Muggles, the remains of Harrys old house are found at the end of the main street. Although the village first appears in Goblet of Fire, the volume in the series, it is not described until Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. The village occupies the floor of a valley, bounded by steep hills, not far from the larger settlement of Great Hangleton. Above the village on one side of the valley are a church, a cemetery and the Riddle House, the former estate of the aristocratic Riddle family and at one time the finest house in the village. It first appears in the opening of Goblet of Fire as the location of Frank Bryces murder and it is believed to be held by a rich man for tax purposes, although this is in reality to keep it from being sold or torn down. During his time as student, Tom Marvolo Riddle murdered his father, the Gaunt cottage is set in a copse alongside a winding road which climbed out of the valley. In Goblet of Fire, Voldemort and Harry fight in the graveyard of Little Hangleton, Little Whinging is a fictitious town in Surrey, England, located to the south of London

30.
Portkey
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The following is a list of magical objects used in the Harry Potter series. In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Hermione Granger creates fake, due to the coins being infused with a Protean Charm, once Harry Potter alters his, every coin changes to suit. The coins grow hot when the change to alert the members to look at their coins. Draco reveals he got the idea from Hermiones DA coins, which were inspired by Lord Voldemorts use of the Dark Mark to communicate with his Death Eaters. In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Neville Longbottom uses the DAs coins to alert people such as Luna Lovegood and Ginny Weasley that Harry, Ron and they then arrive at the Room of Requirement to fight in the Battle of Hogwarts on May 2,1998. A Howler is a letter sent to signify extreme anger or to convey a message very loudly and publicly. When it is opened, the voice, which has been magically magnified to a deafening volume, bellows a message at the recipient. If it is not opened or there is a delay in opening it, the letter smolders, explodes violently, and shouts the message out even louder than normal. In the film version, the Howler folds itself into a set of lips and eyes. In Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Ron Weasley receives a Howler from his mother, Molly Weasley, after he steals his fathers enchanted car and flies it to Hogwarts with Harry. Neville Longbottom confessed that he once got a Howler from his grandmother, stating that he ignored it, subsequently, Neville receives another Howler from his grandmother after Sirius Black uses his list of passwords to enter the Gryffindor Common Room in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Hermione receives one in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire after Rita Skeeter publishes an article about the relationship between Hermione and Harry. In the film Harry receives a Howler from Mafalda Hopkirk to announce he has been expelled from Hogwarts for using magic outside school. A Deluminator is a device invented by Albus Dumbledore that resembles a cigarette lighter and it is used to remove or absorb the light from any light source to provide cover to the user. In Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, Dumbledore uses the Deluminator to darken Privet Drive and it was next seen in Order of the Phoenix where Dumbledore loans the Deluminator to Moody, who uses it when transporting Harry from the Dursleys home to Number 12, Grimmauld Place. In Half-Blood Prince, Dumbledore uses the Deluminator again to darken Privet Drive before collecting Harry, in Deathly Hallows, it is bequeathed to Ron by Dumbledore. After Ron had left his friends in anger, the Deluminator demonstrated an additional capability, Rowling stated that Dumbledore left it to Ron because he believed he might have needed a little more guidance than Harry and Hermione. Within the Harry Potter universe, an invisibility cloak is used to make the wearer invisible, all are very rare and expensive, and may be spun from pelts of the Demiguise, magical herbivores that are found in the Far East

31.
Lily and James Potter
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Harry James Potter is the title character of J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter series. The majority of the books plot covers seven years in the life of the orphan Potter, thus, he attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to practise magic under the guidance of the kindly headmaster Albus Dumbledore and other school professors. According to Rowling, the idea for both the Harry Potter books and its eponymous character came while waiting for a train from Manchester to London in 1990. She stated that her idea for this scrawny, black-haired, bespectacled boy who didnt know he was a wizard became more and more real to me, while developing the ideas for her book, she also decided to make Harry an orphan who attended a boarding school called Hogwarts. She explained in a 1999 interview with The Guardian, Harry had to be an orphan—so that hes an agent, with no fear of letting down his parents. Hogwarts has to be a boarding school—half the important stuff happens at night, having a child of my own reinforces my belief that children above all want security, and thats what Hogwarts offers Harry. In a 2000 interview with The Guardian, Rowling also established that the character of Wart in T. H. Whites novel The Once, finally, she established Harrys birth date as 31 July, the same as her own. However, she maintained that Harry was not directly based on any real-life person, Rowling has also maintained that Harry is a suitable real-life role model for children. Harry first appears in Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, starting in 1981, when Harry was just one year old, his parents, James and Lily, were murdered by the most powerful Dark Wizard, Lord Voldemort. He attempted to kill Harry too, but was unsuccessful and only left a lightning bolt shaped scar on Harrys forehead, Voldemorts body was destroyed, but his soul was not. Harry later learns that the reason why he survived was because of Lily sacrificing herself for him, according to Rowling, fleshing out this back story was a matter of reverse planning, The basic idea Harry. Didnt know he was a wizard. and so then I kind of worked backwards from that position to find out how that could be, when he was one year old, the most evil wizard for hundreds and hundreds of years attempted to kill him. He killed Harrys parents, and then he tried to kill Harry—he tried to curse him, Harry has to find out, before we find out. And for some reason, the curse didnt work on Harry. So hes left with this lightning-bolt shaped scar on his forehead, as a result, Harry is written as an orphan living with his only remaining family, the Dursleys, who are neglectful and abusive. On his eleventh birthday, Harry learns he is a wizard when Rubeus Hagrid arrives to him that he is to attend Hogwarts School of Witchcraft. There he learns about the world, his parents. When he is sorted into Gryffindor House, he becomes fast friends with classmates Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, both feuds continue throughout the series

32.
List of Harry Potter cast members
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Several actors of the United Kingdom and Ireland have voiced or portrayed characters appearing in the Harry Potter film series based on the book series by J. K. Rowling. Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint and Emma Watson have played Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, when they were cast only Radcliffe had previously acted in a film. Thirteen actors have appeared as the character in all eight films of the series. Some well-known British actors, who have not appeared in the series, were asked in jest why they had not been cast, when David Yates was directing the fifth film, Bill Nighy said that he hoped the director would cast him in Harry Potter. However, in 2009, Yates cast Nighy as Minister of Magic Rufus Scrimgeour in the seventh film, Nighy said, I am no longer the only English actor not to be in Harry Potter and I am very pleased. Jude Law once quipped, Nobodys asked me, I was a bit too old for Harry. I know some who are still waiting, Rowling gave a speech during the world premiere of the final film in the series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, on 7 July 2011 in London. The list below is sorted by film and character since some characters have been portrayed by multiple actors. Key indicates the actor or actress lent only his or her voice for his or her film character indicates the actor or actress portrayed the role in a scene or when the character was young. Indicates the actor or actress did not appear in any new footage for the film, a light grey cell indicates the character was not in the film adaptation. A Often, minor child parts—in this case, Harry as an infant—are played by twins or triplets to avoid overworking the children, the given names of each of the Saunders triplets are unknown, they were credited in the film as Saunders triplets. B Michael Gambon replaced Richard Harris as Albus Dumbledore from Prisoner of Azkaban onwards after Harriss death, C Warwick Davis played Filius Flitwick in the first two films as an old dwarf-like man with gray hair. In pre-production for the film, the producers told Davis there was no role for Flitwick. Davis played a much younger-looking man with black hair and a moustache who directed the choir at the Hogwarts Welcome Feast, and was credited as portraying Wizard. During pre-production for the film, director Mike Newell told Davis he wanted to keep his look from the last film. Davis now considers the character he has played some relative of Flitwick, in the sixth film, Harry specifically calls him Professor Flitwick, as does McGonagall in the seventh, calling him Filius. D Rob Knox was stabbed to death on 24 May 2008 before Half-Blood Prince was released, the cast and crew of Half-Blood Prince wore white ribbons to the London premiere of the film in tribute to Knox. E Vincent Crabbe is a recurring, minor character who appears in every book, jamie Waylett portrays the character in the first six films

33.
Lucius Malfoy
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Death Eaters are fictional characters in the Harry Potter series of novels and films. They are a group of wizards and witches, led by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, Death Eaters recognise one another by the Dark Mark on their left forearm, a sign created by Voldemort to summon him instantly to them or vice versa. Their typical attire includes black hooded robes and masks, Death Eaters are wizards and witches led by Lord Voldemort. Some, like Bellatrix Lestrange, are the kind of Death Eaters that Voldemort is most close to, Death Eaters have a Dark Mark on their forearm, that Voldemort can use to summon all of the Death Eaters. When Voldemort failed to kill Harry Potter, he lost his powers and was upset when he returned because no Death Eater had come looking for him and they also did this to people who were blood traitors. Around 10 years after the Death Eaters first surfaced, a Seer named Sybill Trelawney made a prophecy about a boy who would have the power to defeat Voldemort forever. The prophecy could have referred to two different boys, Harry Potter or Neville Longbottom, however, Voldemort chose Harry as said in the prophecy, that the Dark Lord would mark him as his equal. As Voldemort was a half-blood, he chose his equal, Harry, whose mother was a Muggle-born witch, instead of Neville, acting on information from James and Lily Potters Secret-Keeper Peter Pettigrew, Voldemort attempted to complete the prophecy and kill his infant rival. Due to Harrys mothers sacrifice to save her son, Voldemorts deadly curse rebounded off Harry, with Voldemort vanquished after failing to kill Harry, the Death Eaters largely disbanded. The Lestranges are the only Death Eaters known to have sacrificed their freedom for Voldemort. This is something that does not go unnoticed by him, as he claims, when he returns, early in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire a group of Death Eaters rallies after the Quidditch World Cup. They gather to form a spectacle and disturbance which spreads instant chaos. Their appearance alone creates hysteria, and their numbers grow while they torture muggles and it concludes when the Dark Mark is produced in the sky by Barty Crouch Jr, frightening Death Eaters and Ministry officials alike. Voldemort, having regained his strength at the end of Harry Potter. Except for Severus Snape, those dead, imprisoned, or afraid to return, Voldemort states at his rebirth, And here we have six missing Death Eaters. three dead in my service. One, too cowardly to return. he will pay, one, who I believe has left me forever. he will be killed, of course. and one, who remains my most faithful servant, and who has already reentered my service. Based on later happenings in the books, it can be deduced that the one too cowardly to return is Igor Karkaroff. The one who I believe has left me forever is Severus Snape, the most faithful servant is Barty Crouch Jr. who has already been in place at Hogwarts working for Voldemort

34.
Sirius Black
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The Order of the Phoenix is a secret organisation in the Harry Potter series of fiction books written by J. K. Rowling. Founded by Albus Dumbledore to fight Lord Voldemort and his followers, the Death Eaters, the Order lends its name to the book of the series, Harry Potter. Several characters joined the organisation, seeking to prevent Voldemort from taking over the wizarding world, the Longbottoms were also tortured to insanity at the hands of Bellatrix Lestrange. Voldemorts first reign of terror ended after the murders of James and Lily Potter, when Harry reported that Voldemort had returned, towards the end of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Dumbledore reactivated the Order. Many of the members returned and were soon joined by recruits who effectively replaced those who had died in service during the first conflict. The Order established their headquarters at Number Twelve, Grimmauld Place, Sirius Blacks family home, Dumbledore was the Secret-Keeper for the Order, meaning that only he could reveal the location of the Orders headquarters to others. Dumbledores death on his own request at the hands of Severus Snape in book six made the location vulnerable, the Order led the fight against Voldemort in the fifth instalment while the Minister of Magic refused to accept the return of Voldemort. In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, some Order members take turns guarding Sybill Trelawneys prophecy, Rubeus Hagrid, the Hogwarts Grounds Keeper and an original Member of the Order, was accompanied by Olympe Maxime in an attempt to recruit the giants to the Orders cause. Some members also participated in a battle at the Department of Mysteries near the end of the fifth book, Order members patrolled Hogwarts, the Wizarding school, on the night of Dumbledores death in Half-Blood Prince, fighting the Death Eaters who managed to enter the castle. In the series finale, attention turns to escorting the Death Eaters main target, Harry Potter, the following characters were members of the Order of the Phoenix during Lord Voldemorts initial rise to power and several years prior to the main events of the Harry Potter series. Many of these characters later served as members of the revived Order and these characters joined the Order when Dumbledore reactivated it after Lord Voldemorts return at the end of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. This is a list of members of the Order of the Phoenix. Albus Dumbledore, Severus Snape and Rubeus Hagrid have their own pages, minerva McGonagall is listed under Hogwarts staff, Fred and George are listed under Dumbledores Army, and Peter Pettigrew is listed under Death Eater. Sirius Black, nicknamed Padfoot because his Animagus form takes the shape of a dog, is the last heir to the House of Black and he is the older brother of Regulus Arcturus Black and a cousin of Narcissa Malfoy, Andromeda Tonks, and Bellatrix Lestrange. He rejected his familys pure-blood elitism and reverence for the Dark Arts, in contrast to his home life, Sirius greatly enjoyed life at Hogwarts. He was proud of the fact that he was the only Black to be sorted into Gryffindor and he was inseparable from his best friend James Prongs Potter and befriended Remus Moony Lupin and Peter Wormtail Pettigrew. He was mentioned by Rubeus Hagrid in the first novel, but did not appear until the third in the series, Sirius, along with James, bullied Severus Snape while they were at school, nicknaming him Snivellus. Sirius left home at the age of sixteen and took refuge with James and his outraged mother burned his name off the family tree, but he was left financially independent by his Uncle Alphards generous bequest

Sirius Black
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Some Order of the Phoenix members in the Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix film adaptation, from left to right: Alastor Moody, Nymphadora Tonks, Sirius Black, Remus Lupin, Albus Dumbledore
Sirius Black
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The Potters as illustrated by Mary GrandPré.

35.
Rita Skeeter
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The following are supporting characters in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling. For members of the Order of the Phoenix, Dumbledores Army, Hogwarts staff, Ministry of Magic, or for Death Eaters, the Dursley family are Harry Potters last living relatives. To ensure Harrys safety, Albus Dumbledore placed him in the Dursleys care when he was a baby, the Dursleys live at Number 4, Privet Drive, Little Whinging in Surrey, England. They are all Muggles, and despise all things related to magic – and anything out of the ordinary in general –, Dursley is a small town in Gloucestershire, near Rowlings birthplace. Vernon Dursley is Harrys uncle, Petunias husband, Dudleys father, Vernon is described as a big, beefy man, the literal human embodiment of a walrus, with hardly any neck, and a large moustache. He is very much the head of his family, laying down most of the rules for Harry and doing most of the threatening and he is also the director of a drill-making firm, Grunnings, and seems to be quite successful in his career. He regularly reads the Daily Mail, uncle Vernon and his wife have grudgingly raised Harry from an early age. He and Petunia were often hostile to Harry and never informed him about the world, including how his parents died. In fact, while discussing the Dementor attack with Harry, Vernon actually hopes aloud that Harry will receive the death penalty. When the Dursleys decide to leave Privet Drive to go into hiding, Vernon nearly shakes Harrys hand good-bye, in the film version, he leaves without even a word to Harry although a deleted scene showing Dudley and Harrys reconciliation shows him saying this is farewell. Vernon is portrayed by Richard Griffiths in the film series, Petunia Dursley is Harrys maternal aunt, Lily Potters older sister, Vernons wife, Dudleys mother and Marges sister-in-law. She is described as a woman with blonde hair that she passed down to her son, a rather horsey face and a very long neck. Her eyes are large and pale, quite unlike Lilys and her whole family prior to Lily are made up of Muggles. According to Petunia, her parents were proud of having a witch in the family, in fact, she was envious and resentful of Lilys magical abilities and went so far as to write to Dumbledore, pleading to be allowed to enter Hogwarts. Afterwards, Petunia grew bitter towards the school and, by extension, towards the wizarding world in general. She had no contact with Lily after her marriage to James Potter, the gift echoes Harrys Dursley-sent Christmas presents, which are never pretty or welcome. Petunia has more knowledge of the world than she is initially willing to admit. After the Dementors attack Harry and Dudley, Petunia states that she knows Dementors guard the wizard prison, when Harry and the rest of her family look at her strangely, she explains that she heard that awful boy telling Lily about them years ago

36.
Robert Pattinson
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Robert Douglas Thomas Pattinson is an English actor, producer, model, and musician. Pattinson started his career by playing Cedric Diggory in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Twilight brought Pattinson worldwide fame, and established him among the highest paid, in 2009, he portrayed Salvador Dalí in Little Ashes. That same year, a film, Robsessed, about the actors fame. He appeared as a young man in Remember Me and also starred in a romantic drama. His performance as a tough, cold-hearted and calculating billionaire in David Cronenbergs Cosmopolis, Pattinson started his career as a model at the age of 12. In 2013 Dior Homme signed him as the face of their Fragrances, in 2016, he also became the first brand ambassador of their Menswear collection. Pattinson composes and plays his own music and he has sang songs for Twilight film series and the 2008 independent comedy-drama film How to Be. He became ambassador of the latter in 2015 to help raise awareness of it. He is also a member of International Medical Corps and has promoted and shared details about cancer through PSAs to raise awareness about the disease and his father, Richard, imported vintage cars from the United States, and his mother, Clare, worked for a modelling agency. Pattinson has two sisters, Victoria and singer Elizabeth Lizzy Pattinson. Growing up in Barnes, London, he attended Tower House School until he was 12 and he became involved in amateur theatre at the Barnes Theatre Company. He auditioned and was cast in a role in Guys. He next auditioned for Thornton Wilders Our Town, and was cast as George Gibbs and he also appeared in Anything Goes and Macbeth. He caught the attention of an agent in a production of Tess of the dUrbervilles. In May 2005, he was scheduled to appear in the UK premiere of The Woman Before at the Royal Court Theatre, later that year he played Cedric Diggory in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. For this role he was named that years British Star of Tomorrow by The Times and had more than once been hailed as the next Jude Law. In 2006, Pattinson appeared in The Haunted Airman a psychological thriller, aired on BBC Four on 31 October, the Stage praised his performance by saying that played the airman of the title with a perfect combination of youthful terror and world weary cynicism

37.
Amos Diggory
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The Ministry of Magic is the government of the Magical community of Britain in J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter series. First mentioned in Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, the Ministry makes its first proper appearance in Harry Potter, throughout the books, it is generally depicted as either corrupt, incompetent, or both, with its high officials blind to actual events and dangers. It reaches a nadir of corruption before being taken over by Lord Voldemort. At the end of the book, following Voldemorts death, Kingsley Shacklebolt takes over the ministry. By the time of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, Hermione Granger is the Minister for Magic, each new Muggle Prime Minister receives a visit from the Minister for Magic, who informs him or her that the wizarding world exists. He explains that he contact the Prime Minister only in circumstances in which the events of the wizard world may affect Muggles. For example, the Minister has to inform the Prime Minister if dangerous magical artefacts or animals are to be brought into Britain, the Ministry keeps in touch with the British Prime Minister via a wizards portrait in the Prime Ministers office at 10 Downing Street. The Ministers for Magic who appear in the Harry Potter series, such as Cornelius Fudge and Rufus Scrimgeour, the Ministry government succeeded the earlier Wizards Council, the earliest-known form of government for the wizarding world of Harry Potter. In the Harry Potter books, the Ministrys employees appear to be an unelected body. The post of Minister itself, however, is stated to be an elected position, who has the power to elect or dismiss ministers is never explained. Furthermore, the government gives the impression of incompetence or malice. It often appears incompetent, to the point of being unable to detect or prevent an assault on the Department of Mysteries. However, these events occurred under Cornelius Fudges reign, a Minister who is renowned in the books as incompetent, Fudges resignation in the next book is a direct result of these events. Not all of the accused are even given trials, as in the case of Sirius Black, in Order of the Phoenix, the Ministry is shown to be quite prepared to decree and enforce draconian laws without notice. At times, the Ministry can also seem uninterested in solving serious problems, in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Fudge takes a long time to respond to the attacks on Hogwarts. In the fifth instalment, Fudge refuses to believe that Lord Voldemort has returned, eventually, the Ministry is forced to acknowledge the emergency and act on it. Fudge is subsequently removed from office for incompetence and replaced by Rufus Scrimgeour, when interviewed, Rowling stated that when Harry, Ron and Hermione work for the Ministry, they change it drastically, making it less corrupt. The Department of Magical Law Enforcement is a combination of police and justice facilities and it is located on the second level of the Ministry of Magic

Amos Diggory
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Some Ministry officials in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, from left to right: John Dawlish, Auror; Dolores Umbridge, Senior Undersecretary to the Minister; Cornelius Fudge, Minister for Magic; and Kingsley Shacklebolt, Auror.
Amos Diggory
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Ministry of Magic

38.
Roger Lloyd-Pack
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Roger Lloyd-Pack was an English actor. He was best known for the role of Trigger in Only Fools and he had a supporting role of Owen Newitt in The Vicar of Dibley from 1994 to 2007, and as Tom in The Old Guys with Clive Swift. He was sometimes credited without the hyphen in his surname and he died early in 2014 from pancreatic cancer. Lloyd-Pack was born in Islington, London, the son of Ulrike Elizabeth, an Austrian Jewish refugee who worked as an agent, and Charles Lloyd-Pack. He attended Bedales School near Petersfield in Hampshire, where he achieved A Level passes in English, French and he subsequently trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, where he worked with actors including Kenneth Cranham and Richard Wilson. On British television he was best known for portraying Trigger in the BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses. He was also known for his role in The Vicar of Dibley as Owen Newitt, and to international audiences his greatest fame was as Barty Crouch, Sr. in the film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. In 2005, he appeared in the series of ITVs Doc Martin as a farmer who held a grudge against Doctor Ellingham for what he believed was the malpractice-related death of his wife. Lloyd Packs final TV appearance was in Law & Order, UK as Alex Greene, Lloyd-Pack was married twice, first to Sheila Ball, from whom he was divorced in 1972, and secondly to the poet and dramatist Jehane Markham, whom he married in 2000. He had one daughter, actress Emily Lloyd, and three sons, Spencer, Hartley and Louis and he lived most latterly in Kentish Town, North London, but also had a home near Fakenham in Norfolk. In June 2008, he appeared as a guest on the BBCs The Politics Show and he was an honorary patron of the London childrens charity Scene & Heard. Lloyd-Pack supported the Labour Party and campaigned for Ken Livingstone in the London mayoral election,2012, however, in 2013, he signed a letter in The Guardian stating he had withdrawn his support from the Labour Party, in favour of a new party of the left. Or I might have been a photographer, I also would have loved to have been a musician. In January 2012, he and fellow actor Sarah Parish supported a campaign to raise £1million for The Bridge School in Islington, on 15 January 2014, Lloyd-Pack died of pancreatic cancer at his home in Kentish Town at the age of 69. He is survived by his four children, one of whom is the actress Emily Lloyd and his funeral was held at the church of St. Pauls, Covent Garden. He was buried in Highgate Cemetery, northwest London, the Last Laugh – by Koki Mitani. He played The Censor, Japan,2007, the Trojan Women - Caroline Birds adaptation of the tragedy by Euripides at the Gate Theatre, Notting Hill, London – He played Poseidon. Richard III by William Shakespeare at the Globe Theatre, South Bank, twelfth Night by William Shakespeare – He played Sir Andrew Aguecheek

Roger Lloyd-Pack
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Roger Lloyd-Pack

39.
Computer-generated imagery
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The term CGI animation refers to dynamic CGI rendered as a movie. The term virtual world refers to agent-based, interactive environments, Computer graphics software is used to make computer-generated imagery for films, etc. Availability of CGI software and increased computer speeds have allowed artists and small companies to produce professional-grade films, games. This has brought about an Internet subculture with its own set of global celebrities, clichés, the evolution of CGI led to the emergence of virtual cinematography in the 1990s where runs of the simulated camera are not constrained by the laws of physics. Not only do animated images form part of computer-generated imagery, natural looking landscapes are generated via computer algorithms. A simple way to generate fractal surfaces is to use an extension of the triangular mesh method, relying on the construction of special case of a de Rham curve. The creation of a Brownian surface may be achieved not only by adding noise as new nodes are created, thus a topographical map with varying levels of height can be created using relatively straightforward fractal algorithms. Some typical, easy-to-program fractals used in CGI are the plasma fractal, modern architects use services from computer graphic firms to create 3-dimensional models for both customers and builders. These computer generated models can be accurate than traditional drawings. Architectural animation can also be used to see the relationship a building will have in relation to the environment. The rendering of architectural spaces without the use of paper and pencil tools is now an accepted practice with a number of computer-assisted architectural design systems. Architectural modeling tools allow an architect to visualize a space and perform walk-throughs in an interactive manner, Architectural modeling tools have now become increasingly internet-based. However, the quality of internet-based systems still lags behind those of sophisticated in-house modeling systems, in some applications, computer-generated images are used to reverse engineer historical buildings. Computer generated models used in animation are not always anatomically correct. However, organizations such as the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute have developed anatomically correct computer-based models, Computer generated anatomical models can be used both for instructional and operational purposes. To date, a body of artist produced medical images continue to be used by medical students, such as images by Frank H. Netter. However, a number of anatomical models are becoming available. A single patient X-ray is not a computer generated image, even if digitized, however, in applications which involve CT scans a three-dimensional model is automatically produced from a large number of single slice x-rays, producing computer generated image

40.
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (soundtrack)
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Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on 15 November 2005. The films score was not composed by John Williams as were the three films, but by Patrick Doyle. It also features an ominous reprisal of the familiar Hedwigs Theme, a prominent minor theme is presented in The Death of Cedric. The soundtrack entered the Billboard 200 at position eighty for the Week Ending December 3, and also charted at four on the Top Soundtracks Chart

Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (soundtrack)
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Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

41.
Donnie Brasco (film)
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Donnie Brasco is a 1997 American crime drama film directed by Mike Newell, and starring Al Pacino and Johnny Depp. Michael Madsen, Bruno Kirby, James Russo, and Anne Heche appeared in supporting roles, Brasco maneuvers his way into the confidence of an aging hit-man, Lefty Ruggiero, who vouches for him. As Donnie moves deeper into the Mafia, he realizes that not only is he crossing the line between federal agent and criminal, but also leading his friend Lefty to an almost certain death and it was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. The adaptation of the book by Joseph D. Pistone and Richard Woodley was by screenwriter Paul Attanasio, the film was a box office success, earning $124.9 million against a $35 million budget, and receiving critical acclaim. Aging gangster Benjamin Lefty Ruggiero is introduced to a thief named Donnie Brasco. Donnie impresses Lefty by threatening a diamond dealer whom Donnie suspects of selling Lefty a fake ring, Donnie Brasco is actually Joseph D. Pistone, an undercover FBI agent. His wife hates his job, and the couple have heated arguments throughout the film, at home, Josephs behavior becomes more and more like the criminal he pretends to be. After the Bonanno familys street boss is killed, Sonny Red assumes the new position, Sonny Black is promoted to captain, angering Lefty, as he provided for Sonny Blacks family while the latter was in prison. As the crew runs a series of successful shakedowns and hijackings in Brooklyn, due to Josephs success at infiltrating the Mafia, a man from Washington, Dean Blanford, takes an interest in the case. He asks Joseph to incorporate a Miami-based FBI agent, Richard Richie Gazzo, Joseph is reluctant but convinces Sonny Black and crew to meet Richie in Miami. In Miami, Donnie and Lefty plan to run Richies club on their own, however, Sonny Black reaches out to Trafficante first, angering Lefty, especially when Sonny Black tells Donnie to work for him and run the club as an unofficial made man. Donnie reconciles with Lefty when Leftys son nearly dies of a drug overdose, on its opening day, Sonny Blacks club is raided by Miami police on orders from Trafficante himself, who was in allegiance with Sonny Red. Suspecting the latter is responsible, the crew, without Donnie, kill Sonny Red, with Sonny Black the new street boss, Donnie is tasked with finding and killing Sonny Reds son, Bruno. One last dispute between Donnie and his wife becomes physical and he hits his wife and is then remorseful, I am not becoming like them, Maggie, I am them. Knowing he will have to end his case and make arrests, Lefty confronts Donnie about working with the FBI. If Donnie does not kill Bruno, Lefty will kill Donnie, before either murder can be committed, FBI agents rush in to arrest both potential killers. FBI agents reveal Donnies true identity to Sonny Black and the crew, Lefty walks off to his implied death for letting Donnie infiltrate the gang, and Joseph is awarded with a $500 check and medal for his work. Pistone, and served as a consultant for his book Donnie Brasco, once the book came out, Levinsons company, Baltimore Pictures, purchased the rights, with screenwriter Paul Attanasio set to write the script

Donnie Brasco (film)
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Theatrical release poster

42.
Leitmotif
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A leitmotif or leitmotiv /ˌlaɪtmoʊˈtiːf/ is a short, constantly recurring musical phrase associated with a particular person, place, or idea. It is closely related to the concepts of idée fixe or motto-theme. The spelling leitmotif is an anglicization of the German Leitmotiv, literally meaning leading motif, or perhaps more accurately, a musical motif has been defined as a short musical idea. It may also be combined with other leitmotifs to suggest a new dramatic condition or development, although usually a short melody, it can also be a chord progression or even a simple rhythm. Leitmotifs can help to bind a work together into a coherent whole, by association, the word has also been used to mean any sort of recurring theme, in literature, or the life of a fictional character or a real person. It is sometimes used in discussion of other musical genres, such as instrumental pieces, cinema. The use of characteristic, short, recurring motives in orchestral music can be traced back to the seventeenth century. In French opera of the eighteenth century, reminiscence motif can be identified. Their use, however, is not extensive or systematic, indeed, the first use of the word leitmotif in print was by the critic Friedrich Wilhelm Jähns in describing Webers work, although this was not until 1871. Motives also figured occasionally in purely instrumental music of the romantic period, the related idea of the musical idée fixe was coined by Hector Berlioz in reference to his Symphonie fantastique. This purely instrumental, programmatic work features a recurring melody representing the object of the artists obsessive affection and depicting her presence in various real, in La forza del destino, the opening theme of the overture recurs whenever Leonora feels guilt or fear. In Il Trovatore, the theme of the first aria by Azucena is repeated whenever she invokes the horror of how her mother was burnt alive, Richard Wagner is the earliest composer most specifically associated with the concept of leitmotif. His cycle of four operas, Der Ring des Nibelungen, uses hundreds of leitmotifs, often related to characters, things. While some of these occur in only one of the operas. Wagner had raised the issue of how music could best unite disparate elements of the plot of a drama in his essay Opera and Drama. Some controversy surrounded the use of the word in Wagners own circle, Wagner never authorised the use of the leitmotiv, using words such as Grundthema. His preferred name for the technique was Hauptmotiv, which he first used in 1877, the word gained currency with the overly literal interpretations of Wagners music by Hans von Wolzogen, who in 1876 published a Leitfaden to the Ring. In it he claimed to have isolated and named all of the motifs in the cycle

43.
Great Expectations (1998 film)
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It is known for having moved the setting of the original novel from 1812-1827 London to 1990s New York. The film is a modernization of Dickenss novel, with the heros name having also been changed from Pip to Finn. Finn complies, and the convict unexpectedly tries to make Finn take him by boat to Mexico, the police seize the small boat heading out to sea. The convict hides on a buoy, and Finns boat is towed back to shore, the next day, Finn sees on the news that the convict, mobster Arthur Lustig, had escaped from death row, but was recaptured and would face execution soon. Finns uncle Joe Gargery is called to Paradiso Perduto, home of the richest woman in Florida and she is a local mystery, having shunned virtually all human contact since she was left at the altar several years before. She ostensibly asks him there to do a job, but instead she slips him a large sum of money under the door. Meanwhile, Finn, who he brought along, meets Mrs. Dinsmoors young niece Estella in the overgrown garden. Mrs. Dinsmoor sees them interacting and calls Maggie, Finns sister, to ask her to let Finn be a playmate for Estella, even though Estella apparently dislikes him and refers to him as the gardener. On Finns first visit, she is disappointed when the boy cannot dance for her and she forces Estella to sit for a portrait, which Finn draws with make up on an old piece of wallpaper. While he draws, Mrs. Dinsmoor warns Finn that he fall in love with Estella and have his heart broken. After the portrait session, Mrs. Dinsmoor calls it a day, on the way out, she pauses to take a drink from a water fountain and politely offers him a drink from it as well. While Finn is drinking, Estella kisses him, Maggie runs away from home and Joe raises Finn alone. Finn goes to Paradiso Perduto every Saturday, where he learns to dance with Estella, one day, Estella mentions that she has a party to attend. Mrs. Dinsmoor is shocked that she not have an escort to take her. When Finn shows up at the party, he is not allowed in because he is not on the guest list, Estella shows up beside his pick-up truck and asks him playfully if he will take her to his house. Once they get there, Estella starts to seduce Finn, only to suddenly leave, the next day, Finn goes to Paradiso Perduto, only to be told by Mrs. Dinsmoor that Estella had left to study abroad in Europe. For the next seven years he resolutely puts Estella and Mrs. Dinsmoor out of his mind, one day, a lawyer comes to Finn and tells him that he will have a gallery show in New York City. In the end, Finn is convinced to go to New York, when he arrives, he immediately gets to work drawing again, since he has no pieces to put on exhibit

Great Expectations (1998 film)
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Theatrical release poster

44.
Phil Selway
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Philip James Phil Selway is an English musician, singer, and songwriter best known as the drummer of English rock group Radiohead. In addition to drums, he provides backing vocals, along with guitar and lead vocals. Selway is well known for his precision and proficiency in various styles and unusual time signatures and he has worked with Samaritans since 1991. Selway has released two albums, Familial and Weatherhouse. Before Radiohead became successful, Selway studied Literature, Life, before that he had studied maths and worked for various touring musicians and worked as an English teacher as well. In the early 1990s, Selway left Radioheads early line-up to move to Ireland and his timing and varied drumming helps to give the band its sound. Apart from his band duties, Selway also occasionally sings backing vocals during live performances, especially notable on There There, 2+2=5, I Will. Since the album Kid A, he has also contributed drum machine programming, Selway has studied drums in London at Drumtech under the tutelage of Francis Seriau along with fellow Radiohead member Ed OBrien. Selway has been associated with emotional support group Samaritans as a volunteer since 1991. Selway has also toured and recorded with Neil Finn as part of the 7 Worlds Collide project. He drummed on their eponymous 2001 live album, and provides drums, guitar and occasional lead vocals on their 2009 studio album, The Sun Came Out, where he also penned two tracks. He appears on two tracks – Rest on the Rock and Out of Light – on the album Before the Ruin by Roddy Woomble, Kris Drever, in 2009 Selway was featured as a guitarist on Martin Simpsons studio album True Stories. Selway released his solo album, Familial, on 30 August 2010. The album features Selway on guitar and vocals, along with Wilco members Glenn Kotche and Pat Sansone as well as fellow 7 Worlds Collide artists Lisa Germano and he announced a solo tour on 4 February 2011. Selways second solo album, Weatherhouse, was released on 6 October 2014, Selway was born in Abingdon, Berkshire. He and his wife Cait have three children, Leo, Jamie, and Patrick and his mother Thea died during a Radiohead tour in May 2006. My mum died suddenly in the hours of yesterday morning. Mum was a big Radiohead fan, and was proud of all weve done as a band

45.
Neville Longbottom
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Dumbledores Army is a fictional student organisation in J. K. It was founded in the book, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. This theory-only approach is widely unpopular among the students, especially those characters like Harry, exams on the subject later in the year. Harry also believes that lack of practical experience makes them vulnerable to Lord Voldemorts forces. This prompts Hermione to suggest founding a student group where Harry would teach practical Defence Against the Dark Arts, in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Neville and Luna are distraught due to the fact that the D. A. no longer exists. When Hogwarts is invaded by Death Eaters, they are among the members who join the Order of the Phoenix in the ensuing battle. A, however, Luna is abducted and Ginny leaves school, leaving Neville as the D. A. s leader. The group thereafter hide from the Death Eaters in the Room of Requirement, the D. A. believed that if Harry returned hed lead them in a revolution against Snape and the Carrows and are disappointed when he initially refuses to let them help. In the books climax, the D. A. plays an important role in the Battle of Hogwarts, twenty years later, they still wage hopeless resistance against the all-powerful Voldemort, clandestinely helped by Severus Snape - in this reality still alive and still teaching at Hogwarts. Eventually, these remnants of Dumbledores Army sacrifice themselves to cover the escape of Scorpius Malfoy, Hannah Abbott is a Hufflepuff student in Harrys year, described as pink-faced with blonde hair worn in pigtails. W. L. Exams, and has to be given a Calming Draught and she is among the six D. A. members who prevent Draco Malfoy, Crabbe, and Goyle from ambushing Harry aboard the Hogwarts Express at the end of the term. The adult Hannah becomes the landlady of The Leaky Cauldron, and has married Neville Longbottom, charlotte Skeoch played Hannah in the film adaptations of Chamber of Secrets and Goblet of Fire, and voiced the character in the Order of the Phoenix video game. Katie Bell is a Gryffindor student who joins the Quidditch team in her year as a Chaser. She nonetheless succeeds in retaining her spot as Chaser alongside newcomers Ginny Weasley, in Half-Blood Prince, Malfoy secretly attempts to use Katie to deliver a fatally-cursed necklace to Dumbledore. Madam Rosmerta, whom he has placed under the Imperius Curse, herself puts Katie under the Imperius Curse, in the Three Broomsticks in Hogsmeade, in order to deliver it. Whilst arguing about the package with her friend Leanne, Katie ends up accidentally touching the necklace through the package and is badly cursed. Katie returns fully healed to participate in Gryffindors Quidditch Cup final win over Ravenclaw, in Deathly Hallows, she reunites with Oliver, Alicia and Angelina to assist the D. A. in the Battle of Hogwarts. Katie was portrayed by Emily Dale in a part in the first two films. Susan Bones is a Hufflepuff student in Harrys year who wears her hair in a long plait down her back

46.
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)
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Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets is a 2002 British-American fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus and distributed by Warner Bros. It is based on the novel of the name by J. K. Rowling. The film, which is the second instalment in the Harry Potter film series, was written by Steve Kloves, the story follows Harry Potters second year at Hogwarts as the Heir of Salazar Slytherin opens the Chamber of Secrets, unleashing a monster that petrifies the schools denizens. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harrys best friends Ron Weasley and it is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone and is followed by Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. The film was released on 15 November 2002 in the United Kingdom and it was very well received critically and commercially, making US$879 million worldwide. It is the film in the Harry Potter series and the 45th-highest-grossing film of all time. It was nominated for three BAFTA Film Awards in 2003, after his first year at Hogwarts, Harry Potter spends the summer without receiving letters from his Hogwarts friends. In his room, Harry meets Dobby, a house-elf who warns him bad things happen if he returns to Hogwarts. Harry chases him downstairs, where Dobby destroys a cake, the Dursleys lock Harry up, but Ron, Fred and George Weasley rescue him in their fathers flying Ford Anglia. Harry also encounters Draco Malfoy and his father Lucius, who slips a book in Ginny Weasleys belongings, when Harry and Ron are blocked from entering Platform Nine and Three-Quarters, they fly to Hogwarts in the Ford Anglia and crash into the hostile Whomping Willow. Rons wand is damaged, and the car throws them out before driving off and they are allowed back into school but face detention. More attacks occur over the course of the year, Harry and Ron suspect Malfoy is the Heir, so Hermione suggests they question him while disguised using polyjuice potion. Their makeshift laboratory is in a disused bathroom haunted by a ghost, when Harry communicates with a snake the school suspects him as the Heir. At Christmas, Harry and Ron learn that Malfoy is not the Heir, but he mentions that a girl died when the Chamber was last opened fifty years ago. Harry finds a diary, owned by a former student named Tom Riddle, which shows him a flashback to fifty years before. When the diary disappears and Hermione is petrified, Harry and Ron question Hagrid, professor Dumbledore, Cornelius Fudge, and Lucius Malfoy come to take Hagrid to Azkaban, but he discreetly tells the boys to follow the spiders. In the Forbidden Forest, Harry and Ron find Aragog, a giant spider who reveals Hagrids innocence, Aragog then sets his colony of Acromantula on the boys, but the now-wild Ford Anglia saves them. A book page in Hermiones hand identifies the monster is a basilisk, a giant serpent that instantly kills those who make eye contact with it

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)
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British poster
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)
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The flying Ford Anglia used in the film
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)
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John Williams

47.
Trailer (film)
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A trailer is an advertisement or a commercial for a feature film that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, the result of creative and technical work. The term trailer comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film screening. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, trailers are now shown before the film begins. Movie trailers have now become popular on DVDs and Blu-rays, as well as on the Internet, of some 10 billion videos watched online annually, film trailers rank third, after news and user-created video. The trailer format has also adopted as a promotional tool for television shows, video games, books. Trailers were initially shown after, or trailing, the feature film, the practice was found to be somewhat ineffective, often ignored by audiences who left immediately after the feature. Later, exhibitors changed their practice and trailers were only one part of the program which included cartoon shorts, newsreels. Most trailers had some form of narration and those that did featured stentorian voices, in the early 1960s, the face of motion picture trailers changed. Textless, montage trailers and quick-editing became popular, largely due to the arrival of the new Hollywood and techniques that were becoming increasingly popular in television. Among the trend setters were Stanley Kubrick with his montage trailers for Lolita, Dr. Strangelove or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, and 2001, A Space Odyssey. Kubricks main inspiration for the Dr. Strangelove trailer was the short film Very Nice, as more and more animated films were produced, the need for outstanding voice actors steadily progressed not only for the movies but also for movie trailers, commercials, and promos. Thus, the industry saw a number of professional voice artists. One of the most famous voice personalities for the generation is Don LaFontaine who recorded hundreds of thousands of commercials. LaFontaine recorded his first voice over in 1962 for a movie trailer, from then on, he was able to set the standard for how movie trailers were written and voiced, literally becoming the voice of the movies. Most VHS tapes would play them at the beginning of the tape, VHS tapes that contained trailers at the end usually reminded the viewer to Stay tuned after the feature for more previews. With DVDs and Blu-rays, trailers can operate as a bonus feature instead of having to watch through the trailers before the movie, trailers consist of a series selected shots from the film being advertised. For this purpose the scenes are not necessarily in the order in which appear in the film. A trailer has to achieve that in less than 2 minutes and 30 seconds, each studio or distributor is allowed to exceed this time limit once a year, if they feel it is necessary for a particular film

Trailer (film)
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Screenshot from a film trailer for the 1956 film Attack!.
Trailer (film)
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Walt Disney in a 1937 color film trailer for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
Trailer (film)
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Screenshot from film trailer for North by Northwest
Trailer (film)
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An example of a red band trailer card.

48.
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (video game)
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The characters themselves more closely resemble their film counterparts than in previous games. It also has higher-quality graphics than the previous Harry Potter video games, however, the gameplay in the fourth video game is much more action-oriented, which is a change from the previous games. In addition, players can play the game with friends, and can combine their magic, players can also capture moving beans using Accio and increase their power with collectors, creature, and character, cards. The game is divided into several levels, some of which are locked at the beginning of the game until the player collects enough Triwizard Shields to unlock it. Just like the previous Harry Potter game titles, Goblet of Fire has received mixed reviews, in Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of all four sevens for the DS version, and one eight, one seven, and two sixes for the GameCube version. Famitsu Cube + Advance gave both the DS and GameCube versions a score of three sevens and one six, detroit Free Press gave the GameCube version all four stars and said, This is a masterful video game because it can be enjoyed on many levels. Younger players can simply explore this graphically rich Harry Potter world, older players will enjoy manipulating the magic by choosing spells and skills and casting magic together with friends. However, The Sydney Morning Herald gave the three stars out of five and stated that its highlight is a brief but thrilling broomstick chase against a fire-breathing dragon. An underwater interlude is less successful, although it provides variety, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire at the Internet Movie Database Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire at MobyGames Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire at MobyGames

49.
EA UK
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EA Bright Light was a UK-based video game developer founded in 1995 by Electronic Arts. The studio was known for its work on licensed franchises such as the video game adaptation of the Harry Potter series. EA UK was founded in Chertsey, UK in 1995 by Electronic Arts, in 2004, Bullfrog Productions was merged into EA UK, making it to inherit franchises such as Populous, Dungeon Keeper, Syndicate and Theme Park. Originally focusing on developing original IPs, the studio released several well-received titles such as Zubo, however, the title was a commercial failure, forcing the company to amend its policy and shift to develop casual games and games that were aiming for younger audience. In later years, they worked on licensed franchises, such as the video game adaptation of the Harry Potter series. The company also worked on few Hasbro-related board game adaptations, such as Hasbro Family Game Night, EA UK was renamed to EA Bright Light in 2008, with its headquarter moved to Guildford, UK. After their last title, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 was released, most employees from Bright Light joined Criterion Games and Playfish, the remaining 2 subsidiaries of Electronic Arts in UK, while others joined Jagex and Supermassive Games. Despite EA declaring that Bright Light would revive several IPs from Bullfrog, before the companys closure, it is known that they were developing a Maxis-related title. Battlefield 2, Modern Combat Hannah Montana, Spotlight World Tour Untitled Maxis-related project

EA UK
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EA Bright Light

50.
Australian Classification Board
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The Classification Board was originally incorporated in the Office of Film and Literature Classification which was dissolved in 2006. The Classification Board does not directly censor material by ordering cuts or changes, however, they are able to effectively censor media by refusing classification and making the media illegal for hire, exhibition and importation to Australia. The system has several levels of restricted categories, prohibiting sale, in 2005, video and computer games became subject to the same classification ratings and restrictions as films, in response to confusion by parents. In 1970, a newly formed classification system and body named the Australian Classification Board was created to all films that came into Australia. The introduction of the Office of Film and Literature Classification occurred in 1994, the OFLC oversaw the Classification Board. In 2005 the OFLC was dissolved and the Classification Board was handed over to the Attorney-Generals Department, the current coloured classification markings for films and computer games were introduced in May 2005. In August 2014, the Australian Classification Board introduced amendments which allows for the classification process employed by the International Age Rating Coalition. This new process reduces the costs of video game developers as they seek to obtain ratings for their products that are distributed digitally online, the Board operates on a procedure that primarily involves decision-making. The members must communicate their views clearly and appreciate the views of others, the Board members would be exposed to a wide range of material, including content that is confronting and offensive. Every film and computer game has to be classified before it can be made available to the public. Some publications also need to be classified, failure to give classification is an implicit ban. It is an offence to display, demonstrate, sell, hire, some films and documentaries are exempt from classification unless, if classified, they would be M or above. There are legal age restrictions for the ratings of MA15+ and R18+, X18+ is a special restriction rating for adult content. The other classification categories are merely recommendations and they are not submitted to legal age restrictions, RC material cannot be sold, hired or distributed to any persons. A film or video games context is crucial in determining whether an element is justified by the story-line or themes. The Classification Board decides what consumer advice accompanies each classification and they indicate the elements in films and computer games which caused the classification and help consumers make choices about what they read, view or play. There are six classifiable elements for films, themes, violence, sex, language, drug use, consumer advice appears with the classification symbol on products, packaging and in advertisements. Consumer advice is not given if the element in question would be acceptable at a lower classification, the Classification Board also classifies material submitted from the police, the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service and the Australian Communications and Media Authority

Australian Classification Board
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Classification Board

51.
BBFC
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It has a statutory requirement to classify videos, DVDs and, to a lesser extent, some video games under the Video Recordings Act 2010. The immediate impetus for the Boards formation stemmed from the surrounding the release in the UK in October 1912 of the film From the Manger to the Cross. The film, shown at the Queens Hall, London, gained considerable publicity from an outcry in the Daily Mail. And waxed indignant about the profits for its American film producers, although the clergy were invited to see it and found little to be affronted by, the controversy resulted in the voluntary creation of the BBFC, which began operating on 1 January 1913. The Boards legal basis was the Cinematograph Act 1909, which required cinemas to have licences from local authorities. Given that the law now allowed councils to grant or refuse licences to cinemas according to the content of the films they showed, the 1909 Act therefore enabled the introduction of censorship. The Boards offices were originally at 133-135 Oxford Street, London, the building is located at the junction of Wardour Street, some decisions from the early years are now subjected to derision. Informal links, to varying degrees of closeness, have been maintained between the BBFC and the Government throughout the Boards existence, in the period before the Second World War, an extensive but unofficial system of political censorship was implemented by the BBFC for the Home Office. This trend reached its climax during the 1930s, following protests from the German Embassy after the release of a film depicting the execution of Edith Cavell, intense political pressure was brought to bear on the BBFC by the Home Office. A system of script vetting was introduced, whereby British studios were invited to submit screenplays to the BBFC before shooting started. The increasing climate of post-war liberalism ensured that from the 1950s onwards, controversies involving the BBFC centred more on depictions of sex, in 1984 the organisation changed its name to reflect the fact that classification plays a far larger part in the Boards work than censorship. At that time it was responsibility for classifying videos for hire or purchase to view in the home as well as films shown in cinemas. The horror in both came through largely in their detailed prose. Had the game publishers reprinted the text in book form, it would not have carried a certificate. The first video game to be refused classification by the BBFC was Carmageddon in 1997, in June 2007, Manhunt 2 was refused classification in both its PlayStation 2 and Wii versions, meaning that the game was illegal to sell or supply. A modified version was made that was accepted by the ESRB but was refused classification from the BBFC. The second decision was overturned by the Video Appeals Committee. On 16 June 2009, the UKs Department of Culture, Media and Sport ruled in favour of the PEGI system to be the classification system for videogames

BBFC
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British Board of Film Classification

52.
Warner Bros. Pictures
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan

53.
Universal Media Disc
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The Universal Media Disc is a discontinued optical disc medium developed by Sony for use on their PlayStation Portable handheld gaming and multimedia platform. It can hold up to 1.8 gigabytes of data and is capable of housing video games, feature-length films, UMD was the trademark of Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. for their optical disk cartridge. The video is encoded in the H. 264/MPEG-4 AVC format, Video stored on UMD is typically encoded in 720×480 resolution, but is scaled down when displayed on the PSP. The American punk rock band The Offspring released their Complete Music Video Collection on the format, the BBC released a number of its programs on UMD in the UK, including The Office, The Mighty Boosh, Doctor Who and Little Britain. Some adult films have been released on UMD in Japan, eCMA-365, Data Interchange on 60 mm Read-Only ODC – Capacity,1.8 GB Dimensions, approx. Protective Shutter, Similar to the MiniDisc and 3½-inch floppy disk, Auto-Loading, UMDs were designed for possible future slot loading devices with Auto-Loading mechanisms. These would be similar to the auto-loading mechanism used in slot loading MiniDisc home. It would also be similar to the Sony U-Matic auto-loading mechanism, unlike the current clamshell loading design the PSP uses, a slot loading device using an Auto-Loading mechanism would be motorized and completely automatic. The user would insert the disc into the slot, the motorized mechanism would then take over. The disc would also be ejected fully automatically by the motorized mechanism and this would also mean that power would be required in order to insert or eject a disc. PSPs were also not made compatible with MiniDiscs, DVD region coding has been applied to most UMD movies and music. However regional lockout is not applied to games, making them region-free, the UMD format never saw implementation on any device other than the PlayStation Portable, and as a result the market is very limited compared to those for other optical media formats. Buyers were generally put off by the price of UMD releases. Poor sales of UMD movies early in the life had caused major studios Universal. Retail support of the format experienced similar troubles, and in 2006 Wal-Mart began phasing out shelf space devoted to UMD movies, since 2011, there have been no more movies released on UMD. The film Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 was one of the releases on the format. However the system experienced lackluster sales compared to models, with most consumers still choosing the UMD-compatible PSP-3000 model. Still, most new games continue to be distributed via UMD, in 2011, the PSP-E1000, a budget PSP model with a UMD slot but without Wi-Fi, was released, and is the final revision of the PlayStation Portable

54.
PlayStation Portable
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The PlayStation Portable is a handheld game console developed by Sony. Development of the handheld was announced during E32003, and it was unveiled on May 11,2004, the system was released in Japan on December 12,2004, in North America on March 24,2005, and in the PAL region on September 1,2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the generation of video games. The PlayStation Portable became the most powerful system when launched. It was the first real competitor to Nintendos handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNKs Neo Geo Pocket and Nokias N-Gage and it also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc. The original PSP model was replaced by a model with design changes in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen, a complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, the PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. Shipments of the PlayStation Portable ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime, Sony first announced development of the PlayStation Portable at a press conference before E32004. Although mock-ups of the system were not present at the conference or E3. Then-CEO of Sony Computer Entertainment Jose Villeta called the device the Walkman of the 21st Century in a reference to the multimedia capabilities. Several gaming websites were impressed by the handhelds computing capabilities and looked forward to the potential as a gaming platform. Nintendo had been dominating the market since launching its Game Boy in 1989, with the only close competitor being Segas Game Gear. Later offerings from both SNK and Nokia also failed to cut into Nintendos share, the PSP was called the first legitimate competitor to Nintendo’s dominance in the handheld market by an IDC analyst in 2004. The first concept images of the PSP appeared in November 2002 at the Sony Corporate Strategy Meeting and showed a PSP with flat buttons and no analog stick. Although some expressed concern over the lack of an analog joystick, in addition to announcing more details about the system and its accessories, Sony also released a list of 99 developer companies that had pledged support for the new handheld. Several PSP game demos, such as Konamis Metal Gear Acid and SCE Studio Liverpools Wipeout Pure were also shown at the conference

PlayStation Portable
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Original model (PSP-1000) and logo of the PSP.
PlayStation Portable
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The main CPU, PSP Media Engine and the NAND flash for the System Software (TA-079)
PlayStation Portable
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The Wi-Fi Module with the Serial and Headphone Jack (TA-079)

55.
Leavesden Film Studios
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Studios, Leavesden is an 80-hectare studio complex in Leavesden in Hertfordshire, in southeast England. Formerly known as Leavesden Film Studios and still colloquially known Leavesden Studios or simply Leavesden, it is a film and it is situated in Abbots Langley, near Watford, in southwest Hertfordshire. Studios, Leavesden is one of only a few places in the United Kingdom where large scale film productions can be made, following an over £110m refurbishment by Warner Bros. the studios are now one of the largest and most state-of-the-art secure filmmaking facilities in the world. Though the studios are owned by Warner Bros. all of the facilities are available to rent for any production. Since acquiring the site Warner Bros. has opened an attraction called Warner Bros. Studio Tour London - The Making of Harry Potter, which receives over 100,000 visitors a day all whilst the site maintains a studio space within the same complex. Leavesden Aerodrome was a British airfield created in 1940 by the de Havilland Aircraft Company & the Air Ministry in the village of Leavesden, between Watford and Abbots Langley, in Hertfordshire, construction began in 1940 after the outbreak of World War II. The de Havilland company, who were based in nearby Hatfield, space for the large scale hangars needed to produce the huge number of airplanes required was not available at de Havillands Hatfield Aerodrome. So the Ministry of Supply requisitioned this new site in Leavesden, which was an empty plot of land at the time from the Watford Corporation, the construction was enormously expensive so part of the site was leased to the London Aircraft Production Group & The Second Aircraft Group. Under Handley Page, another Hertfordshire-based airplane manufacturer contracted to the Air Ministry, as a result, by the end of the war Leavesden Airfield was, by volume, the largest factory in the world. The two planes were both critical successes for Britain during the conflict, as part of constructing the aircraft factory an airstrip was created, first so the planes could be tested and later to deliver the craft to their final destinations. The runway and control tower remain to this day, even after two major renovations, in an effort to preserve the sites history. The runway is now the road through the complex and the tower is currently an observation lounge. It was also used by small business aircraft as the field is close to both the M1 & M25 motorways. However, by the early 1990s, Britains manufacturing industry was in decline, unable to find a new owner, by 1994 Leavesden Aerodrome was left disused and all but abandoned. In 1994, Eon Productions James Bond film GoldenEye was to be the film in the series. Pinewood Studios, their home studio, was fully booked with other productions. Facing little time to find a space in which they could build the number of large scale sets required, the wide, tall and open aircraft hangars were uniquely well suited to conversion into film stages

Leavesden Film Studios
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The entrance to The Making of Harry Potter studio tour
Leavesden Film Studios
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Gringotts Wizarding Bank, Diagon Alley film set
Leavesden Film Studios
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The triple-decker Knight Bus at Leavesden Studios.
Leavesden Film Studios
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Film set of The Great Hall, Hogwarts at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden, inspired by The Hall of Christ Church, Oxford.

56.
HD DVD
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HD DVD is a discontinued high-density optical disc format for storing data and playback of high-definition video. Supported principally by Toshiba, HD DVD was envisioned to be the successor to the standard DVD format, on 19 February 2008, after a protracted format war with rival Blu-ray, Toshiba abandoned the format, announcing it would no longer develop or manufacture HD DVD players and drives. The HD DVD Promotion Group was dissolved on March 28,2008, the HD DVD physical disc specifications were still in use as the basis for the China Blue High-definition Disc formerly called CH-DVD. Because all variants except 3× DVD and HD REC employed a laser with a shorter wavelength. In the late 1990s, commercial HDTV sets started to enter a larger market, jVCs D-VHS and Sonys HDCAM formats could store that amount of data, but were neither popular nor well-known. It was well known that using lasers with shorter wavelengths would yield optical storage with higher density, shuji Nakamura invented practical blue laser diodes, but a lengthy patent lawsuit delayed commercial introduction. The two formats share several technologies, in February 2002, the project was officially announced as Blu-ray Disc, and the Blu-ray Disc Association was founded by the nine initial members. The DVD Forum was deeply split over whether to go with the more expensive blue lasers or not, in March 2002, the forum voted to approve a proposal endorsed by Warner Bros. and other motion picture studios that involved compressing HD content onto dual-layer DVD-9 discs. In spite of this decision, the DVD Forums Steering Committee announced in April that it was pursuing its own blue-laser high-definition solution, in August, Toshiba and NEC announced their competing standard Advanced Optical Disc. It was adopted by the DVD forum and renamed to HD DVD the next year, the HD DVD Promotion Group was a group of manufacturers and media studios formed to exchange thoughts and ideas to help promote the format worldwide. The HD DVD promotion group was dissolved on March 28,2008, following Toshibas announcement on February 19,2008 that it would no longer develop or manufacture HD DVD players. Much like the VHS vs. Betamax videotape format war during the late 1970s and early 1980s, HD DVD was competing with a rival format - in this case, in 2008, major content manufacturers and key retailers began withdrawing their support for the format. In an attempt to avoid a costly war, the Blu-ray Disc Association. One of the issues was that Blu-ray Disc companies wanted to use a Java-based platform for interactivity, another problem was the physical formats of the discs themselves. The negotiations proceeded slowly and ultimately stalled, on August 22,2005, the Blu-ray Disc Association and DVD Forum announced that the negotiations to unify their standards had failed. Rumors surfaced that talks had stalled, publicly, the reasons of physical format incompatibility were cited. By the end of September that year, Microsoft and Intel jointly announced their support for HD DVD, the Blu-ray Disc Association did not agree to HPs demands. On March 31,2006, Toshiba released their first consumer-based HD DVD player in Japan at ¥110,000, HD DVD was released in the United States on April 18,2006, with players priced at $499 and $799

57.
Renminbi
–
The renminbi /ˌrɛnmɪnˈbiː/ is the official currency of the Peoples Republic of China. The yuan is the unit of the renminbi, but is also used to refer to the Chinese currency in general. The distinction between the terms renminbi and yuan is similar to that between sterling and pound, which refer to the British currency and its primary unit. One yuan is subdivided into 10 jiao, and a jiao in turn is subdivided into 10 fen, the ISO code for renminbi is CNY, or also CNH when traded in off-shore markets such as Hong Kong. The currency is often abbreviated RMB, or indicated by the yuan sign ¥, in Chinese texts the currency may also be indicated with the Chinese character for the yuan, 圆. The renminbi is legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong or Macau, renminbi is sometimes accepted in Hong Kong and Macau, and are easily exchanged in the two territories, with banks in Hong Kong allowing people to maintain accounts in RMB. The currency is issued by the Peoples Bank of China, the authority of China. Until 2005, the value of the renminbi was pegged to the US dollar and it has previously been claimed that the renminbis official exchange rate was undervalued by as much as 37. 5% against its purchasing power parity. Since 2006, the exchange rate has been allowed to float in a narrow margin around a fixed base rate determined with reference to a basket of world currencies. The Chinese government has announced that it gradually increase the flexibility of the exchange rate. As a result of the rapid internationalization of the renminbi, it became the worlds 8th most traded currency in 2013, and 5th in 2015. On 1 October 2016, the RMB became the first emerging market currency to be included in the IMFs special drawing rights basket, a variety of currencies circulated in China during the Republic of China era, most of which were denominated in the unit yuán. Each was distinguished by a name, such as the fabi, the gold yuan. During the era of the economy, the value of the renminbi was set to unrealistic values in exchange with western currency. The unrealistic levels at which exchange rates were pegged led to a black market in currency transactions. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, China worked to make the RMB more convertible, through the use of swap centres, the exchange rate was brought to realistic levels and the dual track currency system was abolished. As of 2013, the renminbi is convertible on current accounts, the ultimate goal has been to make the RMB fully convertible. From 1949 until the late 1970s, the state fixed Chinas exchange rate at a highly overvalued level as part of the countrys import -substitution strategy

58.
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)
–
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince is a 2009 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. It is based on the novel of the name by J. K. Rowling. The film, which is the sixth instalment in the Harry Potter film series, was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman, the film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harrys best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix and is followed by Harry Potter, filming began on 24 September 2007, leading to the films worldwide cinematic release on 15 July 2009, one day short of the fourth anniversary of the corresponding novels release. The film was released in regular cinemas and IMAX 3D everywhere except North America. Half-Blood Prince opened to positive reviews along with commercial success. In five days the film made $394 million, breaking the record for highest five-day worldwide gross, with a total gross of $934 million, it became the 8th-highest-grossing film of all time and the second-highest-grossing film of 2009. It is currently the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time worldwide unadjusted for inflation and it is the fifth-highest-grossing film in the franchise. The film was nominated at the 82nd Academy Awards for Best Cinematography, Critics praised the films emotionally satisfying story, Yates direction, cinematography, performances, visuals, and Nicholas Hoopers musical score. After his exposure to the world, Lord Voldemort is tightening his grip on both the wizarding and Muggle worlds, kidnapping Ollivander from Diagon Alley and destroying the Millennium Bridge. After the Malfoy family is disgraced when Lucius is apprehended and sent to Azkaban for his involvement with the Death Eaters, Voldemort chooses Draco to carry out a secret mission at Hogwarts. Harry accompanies Albus Dumbledore at a Tube station to visit former Potions professor Horace Slughorn, who has gone into hiding, Dumbledore then takes Harry to The Burrow, where Harry reunites with his best friends, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. When the three go visit the Weasley brothers new joke shop at Diagon Alley, they see Draco entering Knockturn Alley with a group of Death Eaters, Harry believes Voldemort has made Draco a Death Eater, but Ron and Hermione are skeptical. On the Hogwarts Express, Harry hides in the Slytherin carriage using his Invisibility Cloak, using the book, Harry excels in the class and impresses Slughorn, winning a vial of Felix Felicis potion, a brew that allows the consumer perfect luck. Ron becomes Keeper of the Gryffindor Quidditch team and forms a relationship with Lavender Brown. Harry consoles Hermione, revealing that he now has feelings for Rons younger sister, Harry spends the Christmas holidays with the Weasleys. On Christmas Eve, Harry discusses his suspicions about Draco to the Order of the Phoenix, although he is immediately dismissed by Remus Lupin, Arthur Weasley claims that the Malfoys may have been interested in a Vanishing Cabinet. Later, Bellatrix and Greyback raid and set fire to the Burrow, back at Hogwarts, Ron is accidentally given a love potion intended for Harry

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)
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The Cliffs of Moher were used as the exterior of the Horcrux Cave.
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)
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Alan F. Horn, the Warner Bros. president and chief operating officer (left), May 2010.

59.
Rotten Tomatoes
–
Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa

Rotten Tomatoes
–
60–100%
Rotten Tomatoes
Rotten Tomatoes
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≤0-59%

60.
The Arizona Republic
–
The Arizona Republic is an American daily newspaper published in Phoenix. Circulated throughout Arizona, it is the states largest newspaper, since 2000, it has been owned by the Gannett newspaper chain. The newspaper was founded May 19,1890, under the name The Arizona Republican, heard, a Phoenix land and cattle baron, ran the newspaper from 1912 until his death in 1929. The paper was run by two of its top executives, Charles Stauffer and W. Wesley Knorpp, until it was bought by Midwestern newspaper magnate Eugene C. Pulliam, who bought the two Gazettes as well as the Republic, ran all three newspapers until his death in 1975 at the age of 86. A strong period of came under Pulliam, who imprinted the newspaper with his conservative brand of politics. Pulliam was considered one of the business leaders who created the modern Phoenix area as it is known today. Pulliams holding company, Central Newspapers, Inc. as led by Pulliams widow and son, the Phoenix Gazette was closed in 1997 and its staff merged with that of the Republic. The Arizona Business Gazette is still published to this day, in 1998, a weekly section geared towards college students, The Rep, went into circulation. Specialized content is available in the local sections produced for many of the different cities. Central Newspapers was purchased by Gannett in 2000, bringing it into common ownership with USA Today, the Republic and KPNX combine their forces to produce their common local news subscription website, www. azcentral. com. In 2013, it dropped from the daily newspaper in the United States to the twenty-first. On September 25,2015, Mi-Ai Parrish was named Publisher, notable figures include Pulitzer-prize winning cartoonist Steve Benson, columnist Laurie Roberts, and Luis Manuel Ortiz, the only Hispanic member of the Arizona Journalism Hall of Fame. One of Arizonas best-known sports writers, Norm Frauenheim, retired in 2008, multiple staff members have been finalists for the Pulitzer Prize. Other staff include photojournalist Michael Schennum, an investigative reporter for the newspaper, Don Bolles, was the victim of a car bombing on June 2,1976, dying eleven days afterward. He had been lured to a meeting in Phoenix in the course of work on a story about corruption in politics and business. Retaliation against his pursuit of organized crime in Arizona is thought to be a motive in the murder, historically, The Republic has tilted conservative editorially. It endorsed President George W. Bush in both the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections, on October 25,2008, the paper endorsed Arizona Senator John McCain for president

The Arizona Republic
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The July 25, 2010, front page of The Arizona Republic

61.
Entertainment Weekly
–
Entertainment Weekly is an American magazine, published by Time Inc. that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books and popular culture. Different from celebrity-focused publications like Us Weekly, People, and In Touch Weekly, EW primarily concentrates on entertainment media news, however, unlike Variety and The Hollywood Reporter, which are aimed at industry insiders, EW targets a more general audience. The first issue was published on February 16,1990, the cover price was $1.95 The title word entertainment was not capitalized on the cover until mid-1992 and has remained so since. By 2003, the weekly circulation averaged 1.7 million copies per week. In March 2006, managing editor Rick Tetzeli oversaw an overhaul of EWs graphics, Entertainment Weekly follows a typical magazine format by featuring a letters to the editor and table of contents in the first few pages, while also featuring advertisements. While many advertisements are unrelated to the entertainment industry, the majority of ads are typically related to up-and-coming television and these beginning articles open the magazine and as a rule focus on current events in pop culture. First Look, subtitled An early peek at some of Hollywoods coolest projects, is a spread with behind-the-scenes or publicity stills of upcoming movies. The Hit List, written each week by critic Scott Brown, highlights ten major events, Typically, there will be some continuity to the commentaries. This column was written by Jim Mullen and featured twenty events each week. The Hollywood Insider is a section that reports breaking news in entertainment. It gives details, in the columns, on the most-current news in television, movie. The Style Report is a section devoted to celebrity style. Because its focus is on celebrity fashion or lifestyle, it is rich in nature. Recently, the converted to a new format, five pictures of celebrity fashions for the week. A spin-off section, Style Hunter, which finds reader-requested articles of clothing or accessories that have appeared in pop culture recently, appears frequently. The Monitor is a two-page spread devoted to events in celebrity lives with small paragraphs highlighting events such as weddings, illnesses, arrests, court appearances. Deaths of major celebrities are typically detailed in a one-half- or full-page obituary titled Legacy and this feature is nearly identical to sister publication Peoples Passages feature. Harris column focuses on analyzing current popular-culture events, and is generally the most serious of the columns, harris has written about the writers strike and the 2008 presidential election, among other topics

62.
78th Academy Awards
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The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics. During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005, the ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz. Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time, two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California held on February 18, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams. Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture, the telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States. Brokeback Mountain earned the most nominations with eight total, Crash, Good Night, and Good Luck, all five Best Picture nominees received corresponding Best Director nominations. The winners were announced during the ceremony on March 5,2006. Several notable achievements by individuals and films occurred during the ceremony. Crash was the first Best Picture winner since 1976s Rocky to win only three Oscars, Best Director winner Ang Lee became the first non-Caucasian winner of that category. For this first time since the 34th ceremony held in 1962 and its Hard out Here for a Pimp became the second rap song to win Best Original Song and the first such song to be performed at an Oscars ceremony. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger, robert Altman — In recognition of a career that has repeatedly reinvented the art form and inspired filmmakers and audiences alike

63.
British Academy Film Awards
–
The British Academy Film Awards are presented in an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts to honour the best British and international contributions to film. Between 2008 and 2016, the ceremony was held in central London at the Royal Opera House, the 70th British Academy Film Awards were held on 12 February 2017 at the Royal Albert Hall in London. British Academy of Film and Television Arts was founded in 1947 as The British Film Academy, by David Lean, Alexander Korda, Carol Reed, Charles Laughton, Roger Manvell and others. BAFTA stated charitable purpose is to support, develop and promote the art forms of the image, by identifying and rewarding excellence, inspiring practitioners. In addition to awards ceremonies BAFTA runs a year-round programme of educational events including film screenings. BAFTA is supported by a membership of about 6,000 people from the film, television, the Academys awards are in the form of a theatrical mask designed by American sculptor Mitzi Cunliffe, which was commissioned by the Guild of Television Producers in 1955. The ceremony previously took place in April or May and since 2002 it takes place in February in order to precede the Oscars. The awards are open to all nationalities, though there is an award for Outstanding British Film. Only UK films are eligible for the categories of The British Short Film, the Awards ceremony is delayed broadcast on British television the same evening, and across the world for example its shown on BBC America in the United States. It has been broadcast in colour since 1970, the award ceremony is held in London. From 2000 to 2007 the ceremonies took place at the flagship Odeon cinema in Leicester Square, between 2008 and 2016, the ceremonies took place at the Royal Opera House. The 70th Awards in 2017 were held at the Royal Albert Hall, until 2012, the mobile network Orange sponsored the awards and starting in 2013 Oranges parent company, EE, began sponsorship. British Academy of Film and Television Arts British Academy Television Awards Official website BAFTA Awards database Museum of Broadcast Communications, BAFTA IMDB, BAFTA

64.
Digital Spy
–
Digital Spy is a British entertainment and media news website launched in 1999. The site focuses on reporting breaking entertainment news related to movies, music, television, in addition to news articles there are regular reviews posted on popular films, theatre, and concerts. On 9 April 2008 it was announced that the website had been purchased by magazine publisher Hachette Filipacchi UK, on 1 August 2011, ownership of Hachette UK was sold to Hearst Magazines UK. As well as articles, the site also features forums, which went live in March 2000, representatives of several major companies, including Top Up TV, Joost, BSkyB, Goodmans, and Amstrad CEO Lord Alan Sugar are registered members who have posted on the forums. Iain Chapman launched the website, providing news, rumours. At the same time, Chris Butcher launched the ONfaq website, offering similar news, both sites proved to be popular, attracting a lot of attention from visitors eager for more news about these rapidly developing TV platforms. Very quickly, Iain and Chris discussed the idea of a merger of the two sites, to create the digiNEWS Network, on 28 February 1999 digiNEWS and ONfaq merged and were rebranded as sites of the new digiNEWS network. Both sites were redesigned with common branding, and new header graphics identifying the digiNEWS network, more sites continued to join the network - Chris Norriss cablenews, uk, Mark Hughes DVDNews and Neil Wilkes TV, uk. The network was growing, but technically it was disjointed, served from personal webspace from ISPs such as Freeserve. Discussions with website guru Jose Cardoso began, and work started on integrating the multitude of sites into a single portal. It was important for the new site to be accessible, so a. COM address was preferable, unfortunately the diginews. com address was already taken. After many many emails back and forth, the name Digital Spy was chosen, the new Digital Spy forums went live on 1 March 2000. They were built on the UBB forum platform, the new Digital Spy news portal went live on 19 May 2001, running on a custom-built content management system developed by Jose and called RAMS. In November 2015, Digital Spy hired ex editor of Heat Julian Linley in the role of editor-in-chief as the attempts to challenge BuzzFeed

Digital Spy
–
Digital Spy

65.
The Boston Globe
–
The Boston Globe is an American daily newspaper based in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1872 by Charles H. Taylor, it was held until 1973. The company was acquired in 1993 by The New York Times Company, in 2011, a BostonGlobe. com subscription site was launched. In 2013, the newspaper and websites were purchased by John W. Henry, the Boston Globe has been awarded 26 Pulitzer Prizes since 1966, and its chief print rival is the Boston Herald. The Boston Globe was founded in 1872 by six Boston businessmen, including Charles H. Taylor and Eben Jordan, the first issue was published on March 4,1872, and cost four cents. Originally a morning daily, it began a Sunday edition in 1877, in 1878, The Boston Globe started an afternoon edition called The Boston Evening Globe, which ceased publication in 1979. By the 1890s, The Boston Globe had become a stronghold, in 1964, Tom Winship succeeded his father, Larry Winship, as editor. The younger Winship transformed The Globe from a local paper into a regional paper of national distinction. He served as editor until 1984, during which time the paper won a dozen Pulitzer Prizes, the Boston Globe was a private company until 1973 when it went public under the name Affiliated Publications. It continued to be managed by the descendants of Charles H. Taylor, in 1993, The New York Times Company purchased Affiliated Publications for US$1.1 billion, making The Boston Globe a wholly owned subsidiary of The New York Times parent. The Jordan and Taylor families received substantial New York Times Company stock, Boston. com, the online edition of The Boston Globe, was launched on the World Wide Web in 1995. Consistently ranked among the top ten websites in America, it has won numerous national awards. Under the helm of editor Martin Baron and then Brian McGrory, the Boston Globe is credited with allowing Peter Gammons to start his Notes section on baseball, which has become a mainstay in all major newspapers nationwide. In 2004, Gammons was selected as the 56th recipient of the J. G. Taylor Spink Award for outstanding baseball writing, given by the BBWAA, and was honored at the Baseball Hall of Fame on July 31,2005. In 2007, Charlie Savage, whose reports on President Bushs use of signing statements made national news, the Boston Globe has consistently been ranked in the forefront of American journalism. The Boston Globe hosts 28 blogs covering a variety of topics including Boston sports, local politics, on April 2,2009, The New York Times Company threatened to close the paper if its unions did not agree to $20,000,000 of cost savings. Some of the cost savings include reducing union employees pay by 5%, ending pension contributions, the Boston Globe eliminated the equivalent of fifty full-time jobs, among buy-outs and layoffs, it swept out most of the part-time employees in the editorial sections. The papers other three major unions had agreed to concessions on May 3,2009, after The New York Times Company threatened to give the government 60-days notice that it intended to close the paper

The Boston Globe
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The April 18, 2011 front page of The Boston Globe
The Boston Globe
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Boston Globe headquarters in September 2009

66.
The New York Times
–
The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946

The New York Times
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Cover of The New York Times (November 15, 2012), with the headline story reporting on Operation Pillar of Defense.
The New York Times
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First published issue of New-York Daily Times, on September 18, 1851.
The New York Times
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The Times Square Building, The New York Times ‍ '​ publishing headquarters, 1913–2007
The New York Times
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The New York Times newsroom, 1942

67.
The Wall Street Journal
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The Wall Street Journal is an American business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City. The Journal, along with its Asian and European editions, is published six days a week by Dow Jones & Company, the newspaper is published in the broadsheet format and online. The Wall Street Journal is the largest newspaper in the United States by circulation, according to the Alliance for Audited Media, the Journal had a circulation of about 2.4 million copies as of March 2013, compared with USA Todays 1.7 million. The newspaper has won 39 Pulitzer Prizes through 2015 and derives its name from Wall Street in the heart of the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. The Journal has been printed continuously since its inception on July 8,1889, by Charles Dow, Edward Jones, the Journal also publishes the luxury news and lifestyle magazine WSJ. They were later aggregated in a daily summary called the Customers Afternoon Letter. In 1896, The Dow Jones Industrial Average was officially launched and it was the first of several indices of stock and bond prices on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1899, the Journals Review & Outlook column, which still today, appeared for the first time. Journalist Clarence Barron purchased control of the company for US$130,000 in 1902, circulation was then around 7,000, Barron and his predecessors were credited with creating an atmosphere of fearless, independent financial reporting—a novelty in the early days of business journalism. In 1921, Barrons, Americas premier financial weekly, was founded, Barron died in 1928, a year before Black Tuesday, the stock market crash that greatly affected the Great Depression in the United States. Barrons descendants, the Bancroft family, would continue to control the company until 2007, the Journal took its modern shape and prominence in the 1940s, a time of industrial expansion for the United States and its financial institutions in New York. Bernard Kilgore was named managing editor of the paper in 1941, under Kilgore, in 1947, that the paper won its first Pulitzer Prize, for William Henry Grimess editorials. In 1970, Dow Jones bought the Ottaway newspaper chain, which at the time comprised nine dailies, later, the name was changed to Dow Jones Local Media Group. In 2007 News Corp. acquired Dow Jones, a luxury lifestyle magazine, was launched in 2008. A complement to the print newspaper, The Wall Street Journal Online, was launched in 1996, in 2003, Dow Jones began to integrate reporting of the Journals print and online subscribers together in Audit Bureau of Circulations statements. In 2007, it was believed to be the largest paid-subscription news site on the Web. Since then, online subscribership has fallen, due in part to rising subscription costs, in May 2008, an annual subscription to the online edition of The Wall Street Journal cost $119 for those who do not have subscriptions to the print edition. By June 2013, the monthly cost for a subscription to the edition was $22.99, or $275.88 annually

68.
AllMovie
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AllMovie is an online guide service website with information about films, television programs, and screen actors. As of 2013, AllMovie. com and the AllMovie consumer brand are owned by All Media Network, AllMovie was founded by popular-culture archivist Michael Erlewine, who also founded AllMusic and AllGame. The AllMovie database was licensed to tens of thousands of distributors and retailers for point-of-sale systems, websites, the AllMovie database is comprehensive, including basic product information, cast and production credits, plot synopsis, professional reviews, biographies, relational links and more. AllMovie data was accessed on the web at the AllMovie. com website and it was also available via the AMG LASSO media recognition service, which can automatically recognize DVDs. In late 2007, Macrovision acquired AMG for a reported $72 million, the AMG consumer facing web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in August 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. The buyers also include the founders of SideReel and Ackrell Capital investor Mike Ackrell. All Media Network offices are located in San Francisco, California, AllMusic AllGame SideReel All Media Network Official website

AllMovie
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AllMovie

69.
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
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Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets is the second novel in the Harry Potter series, written by J. K. Rowling. These threats are found after attacks which leave residents of the school petrified, throughout the year, Harry and his friends Ron and Hermione investigate the attacks. The book was published in the United Kingdom on 2 July 1998 by Bloomsbury, several commentators have noted that personal identity is a strong theme in the book, and that it addresses issues of racism through the treatment of non-magical, non-human and non-living characters. Some commentators regard the diary as a warning against uncritical acceptance of information from sources whose motives, institutional authority is portrayed as self-serving and incompetent. The book is known to have some connections to the sixth novel of the series, Harry Potter. The film adaptation of the novel, released in 2002, became the seventh highest-grossing film ever, video games loosely based on Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets were also released for several platforms, and most obtained favourable reviews. This comes to nothing, as Draco’s father only told his son the general facts of the opening of the Chamber. Hermione provides the last set of clues that inform them of the identity, It is a basilisk, that kills with a stare. Harry, Ron, and Lockhart enter the Chamber, but the dunderheaded professor causes a rockfall upon attempt to modify the boys’ memories with Ron’s damaged wand, and Harry must enter alone. Harry, Ron, Ginny, and Lockhart return to the castle and reunite with McGonagall, Dumbledore. Lucius Malfoy bursts in after this meeting, demanding to know why and how Dumbledore has returned to the school and accompanied by Dobby, revealing the family to whom he is enslaved. The petrified students are cured, the exams are cancelled, Hagrid comes back in the middle of the final feast. Rowling found it difficult to finish Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets because she was afraid it would not live up to the expectations raised by Harry Potter, after delivering the manuscript to Bloomsbury on schedule, she took it back for six weeks of revision. In early drafts of the book, the ghost Nearly Headless Nick sang a song explaining his condition. This was cut as the editor did not care for the poem. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets was published in the UK on 2 July 1998, in June 1999, it went straight to the top of three US best-seller lists, including The New York Times. First edition printings had several errors, which were fixed in subsequent reprints, initially Dumbledore said that Voldemort was the last remaining ancestor of Salazar Slytherin, instead of his descendant. Gilderoy Lockharts book on werewolves is entitled Weekends with Werewolves at one point, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets was met with near universal acclaim

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
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Harry Potter books Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
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In the novel, Dumbledore owns a pet bird known as a phoenix a famous mythological fire bird. In the novel, the tears of the bird contain healing properties.
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
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The novel reveals that the "monster" in the Chamber of Secrets is the legendary reptile known as the Basilisk.
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
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Original 1999 US cover of Chamber of Secrets.

70.
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
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Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is the fifth novel in the Harry Potter series, written by J. K. Rowling. It follows Harry Potters struggles through his year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, including the surreptitious return of the antagonist Lord Voldemort. Exams, and an obstructive Ministry of Magic, the novel was published on 21 June 2003 by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom, Scholastic in the United States, and Raincoast in Canada. Five million copies were sold in the first 24 hours of publication and it is the longest book of the series. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix has won several awards, the book has also been made into a film, which was released in 2007, and into a video game by Electronic Arts. During another summer with his Aunt Petunia and Uncle Vernon, Harry Potter, after using magic to save Dudley and himself, Harry is expelled from Hogwarts, but the decision is later rescinded. Harry is whisked off by a group of wizards to Number 12, Grimmauld Place, the house also serves as the headquarters of the Order of the Phoenix, of which Mr. and Mrs. Weasley, Lupin, Mad-Eye, and Sirius are members. From the members of the Order, Harry and the others learn that Voldemort is seeking an object that he did not have prior to his first defeat, and assume this object to be a weapon of some sort. At Hogwarts, Harry learns that Dolores Umbridge, an employee under the Minister of Magic, Cornelius Fudge. Umbridge and Harry clash, as she, like Fudge, refuses to believe that Voldemort has returned and she punishes Harry for his rebellious outbursts by having him write I must not tell lies with a cursed quill that carves the phrase into his skin. She also refuses to teach her students how to perform spells, prompting Harry, Ron and Hermione to form their own Defence Against the Dark Arts group. Many students sign up, including Neville Longbottom, Fred and George Weasley, Ginny Weasley, struggling to find a place to practise, Dobby the house elf tells him about the Room of Requirement and its uses. The club meet there to learn and practise defensive spells under Harrys instruction, meanwhile, Rubeus Hagrid has not yet returned from the secret mission given to him by Dumbledore at the end of the previous book, and is absent for the first part of the school year. Upon his return, Harry, Ron, and Hermione learn that his mission, one night, Harry has a vision through the eyes of Voldemorts snake Nagini, possessed by Voldemort, attacking Rons father Arthur Weasley. Harry informs Professor McGonagall and Dumbledore, and Mr. Weasley is rescued, Dumbledore arranges for Harry to take Occlumency lessons with Professor Snape to protect his mind against further invasions by Voldemort. Soon after, Umbridge is given a tip-off about Dumbledores Army by Marietta Edgecombe, despite Dobbys warning, the gang are caught and get into trouble with Fudge. When Dumbledore takes responsibility for the organisation, he is forced to leave the school. Dolores Umbridge becomes headmistress, and Fred and George cause pandemonium around the school in revenge, during one Occlumency lesson, Snape is called away and Harry, left alone, looks into Snapes Pensieve, viewing a memory of his time as a student at Hogwarts

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
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Harry Potter books Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix

71.
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
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Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince is the sixth and penultimate novel in the Harry Potter series, written by British author J. K. Rowling. The book was published in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury and in the United States by Scholastic on 16 July 2005, as well as in several other countries. It sold nine million copies in the first 24 hours after its release, a record at the time which was broken by its sequel, Harry Potter. There were many controversies before and after it was published, including the right to read the copies delivered prior to the date in Canada. Reception to the novel was positive and it won several awards and honours. Reviewers noted that the book took on a darker tone than its predecessors, some considered the main themes to be love and death, and trust and redemption. The character development of Harry and several other characters was also remarked upon. The film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince was released 15 July 2009 by Warner Bros, severus Snape, a member of the Order of the Phoenix, meets with Narcissa Malfoy, Dracos mother, and Lord Voldemorts faithful supporter Bellatrix Lestrange. Narcissa expresses concern that her son might not survive a mission given to him by Lord Voldemort. Bellatrix feels Snape will be of no help until he surprises her by making an Unbreakable Vow with Narcissa, swearing on his life that he will protect and assist Draco in his mission. Dumbledore picks Harry up from his aunt and uncles house, intending to escort him to the Burrow, on the way they make a detour to the temporary home of Horace Slughorn, former Potions teacher at Hogwarts, and Harry unwittingly helps persuade Slughorn to return to teach. Harry and Dumbledore then proceed to the Burrow, where Hermione has already arrived, the next morning, Harry, Ron, and Hermione get their Ordinary Wizarding Level results, along with lists of school supplies. Later, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger follow Draco to Dark Arts supplier Borgin, Harry is instantly suspicious of Draco, whom he believes to be a Death Eater. The students return to school, where Dumbledore announces that Snape will be teaching Defence Against the Dark Arts, in the meantime, Horace Slughorn will resume his post as Potions teacher. After a class contest, The Half-Blood Princes tips help Harry win a bottle of Felix Felicis, though Harrys success pleases Slughorn, his newfound brilliance in potions angers Hermione, who feels he is not truly earning his grades and does not trust the Half-Blood Prince. Believing that Harry needs to learn Voldemorts past to gain advantage in a foretold battle, during this time, they use Dumbledores Pensieve to look at memories of those who have had direct contact with Voldemort. Harry learns about Voldemorts family and his foes evolution into a murderer obsessed not only with power, Dumbledore shows Harry a memory involving Slughorn conversing with the young Tom Riddle at Hogwarts, which has clearly been tampered with. He sets Harry the task of convincing Slughorn to give him the memory so that Dumbledore can confirm his suspicions about Voldemorts rise to power

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
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Harry Potter books Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
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Rowling spent years planning Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
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US cover of Half-Blood Prince.
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
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Potter fans wait in lines outside a Borders in Newark, Delaware for the midnight release of the book

72.
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
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Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows is the seventh and final novel of the Harry Potter series, written by British author J. K. Rowling. Rowling finished writing Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows in January 2007, before its release, Bloomsbury reportedly spent £10 million to keep the books contents safe before its release date. American publisher Arthur Levine refused any copies of the novel to be released in advance for press review, shortly before release, photos of all 759 pages of the U. S. edition were leaked and transcribed, leading Scholastic to look for the source that had leaked it. Released globally in 93 countries, Deathly Hallows broke sales records as the book ever. It sold 15 million copies in the first 24 hours following its release, including more than 11 million in the U. S. the previous record,9 million in its first day, had been held by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. The novel has also translated into over 120 languages. The title proved difficult to translate and was often rendered closer to Harry Potter, major themes in the novel are death and living in a corrupted society, and critics have compared them to Christian allegories. Generally well-received, the won the 2008 Colorado Blue Spruce Book Award. A two-part film adaptation began showing in November 2010 when Harry Potter, as an orphan, Harry was placed in the care of his Muggle relatives Aunt Petunia and Uncle Vernon. In Philosophers Stone, Harry re-enters the wizarding world at age 11 and enrols in Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and he makes friends with fellow students Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, and is mentored by the schools headmaster, Albus Dumbledore. He also meets Professor Severus Snape, who dislikes and bullies him. Harry fights Voldemort several times while at school, as the tries to regain a physical form. During Order of the Phoenix, Harry and several of his friends face off against Voldemorts Death Eaters, a group of Dark witches and wizards, and narrowly defeat them. Two of these had already destroyed, one a diary destroyed by Harry in the events of Chamber of Secrets. Dumbledore takes Harry along in the attempt to destroy a third horcrux contained in a locket, however, the horcrux had been taken by an unknown wizard, and upon their return Dumbledore is ambushed and disarmed by Draco Malfoy who cannot bring himself to kill him. Dumbledore is subsequently killed by Snape, who finishes what Malfoy started, the Order of the Phoenix move Harry to a new location before his birthday, but are attacked upon departure. In the ensuing battle, Mad-Eye is killed and George Weasley wounded, Voldemort himself arrives to kill Harry, but Harrys wand fends him off of its own accord. At the Burrow, Harry, Ron and Hermione make preparations to abandon Hogwarts and hunt down Voldemorts four remaining Horcruxes, one is a locket once owned by Hogwarts co-founder Salazar Slytherin which was stolen by the mysterious R. A. B

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
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Harry Potter books Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
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Rowling completed the final chapters of Deathly Hallows in Room 652 of the Balmoral Hotel.
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
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J. K. Rowling has said that the main theme of the series is Harry dealing with death.
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
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The Philosopher's Stone as pictured in Michael Maier's 1617 alchemical work Atalanta Fugiens, similar to the presentation of the Deathly Hallows and Resurrection Stone.

73.
Order of the Phoenix (fictional organisation)
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The Order of the Phoenix is a secret organisation in the Harry Potter series of fiction books written by J. K. Rowling. Founded by Albus Dumbledore to fight Lord Voldemort and his followers, the Death Eaters, the Order lends its name to the book of the series, Harry Potter. Several characters joined the organisation, seeking to prevent Voldemort from taking over the wizarding world, the Longbottoms were also tortured to insanity at the hands of Bellatrix Lestrange. Voldemorts first reign of terror ended after the murders of James and Lily Potter, when Harry reported that Voldemort had returned, towards the end of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Dumbledore reactivated the Order. Many of the members returned and were soon joined by recruits who effectively replaced those who had died in service during the first conflict. The Order established their headquarters at Number Twelve, Grimmauld Place, Sirius Blacks family home, Dumbledore was the Secret-Keeper for the Order, meaning that only he could reveal the location of the Orders headquarters to others. Dumbledores death on his own request at the hands of Severus Snape in book six made the location vulnerable, the Order led the fight against Voldemort in the fifth instalment while the Minister of Magic refused to accept the return of Voldemort. In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, some Order members take turns guarding Sybill Trelawneys prophecy, Rubeus Hagrid, the Hogwarts Grounds Keeper and an original Member of the Order, was accompanied by Olympe Maxime in an attempt to recruit the giants to the Orders cause. Some members also participated in a battle at the Department of Mysteries near the end of the fifth book, Order members patrolled Hogwarts, the Wizarding school, on the night of Dumbledores death in Half-Blood Prince, fighting the Death Eaters who managed to enter the castle. In the series finale, attention turns to escorting the Death Eaters main target, Harry Potter, the following characters were members of the Order of the Phoenix during Lord Voldemorts initial rise to power and several years prior to the main events of the Harry Potter series. Many of these characters later served as members of the revived Order and these characters joined the Order when Dumbledore reactivated it after Lord Voldemorts return at the end of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. This is a list of members of the Order of the Phoenix. Albus Dumbledore, Severus Snape and Rubeus Hagrid have their own pages, minerva McGonagall is listed under Hogwarts staff, Fred and George are listed under Dumbledores Army, and Peter Pettigrew is listed under Death Eater. Sirius Black, nicknamed Padfoot because his Animagus form takes the shape of a dog, is the last heir to the House of Black and he is the older brother of Regulus Arcturus Black and a cousin of Narcissa Malfoy, Andromeda Tonks, and Bellatrix Lestrange. He rejected his familys pure-blood elitism and reverence for the Dark Arts, in contrast to his home life, Sirius greatly enjoyed life at Hogwarts. He was proud of the fact that he was the only Black to be sorted into Gryffindor and he was inseparable from his best friend James Prongs Potter and befriended Remus Moony Lupin and Peter Wormtail Pettigrew. He was mentioned by Rubeus Hagrid in the first novel, but did not appear until the third in the series, Sirius, along with James, bullied Severus Snape while they were at school, nicknaming him Snivellus. Sirius left home at the age of sixteen and took refuge with James and his outraged mother burned his name off the family tree, but he was left financially independent by his Uncle Alphards generous bequest

Order of the Phoenix (fictional organisation)
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Some Order of the Phoenix members in the Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix film adaptation, from left to right: Alastor Moody, Nymphadora Tonks, Sirius Black, Remus Lupin, Albus Dumbledore
Order of the Phoenix (fictional organisation)
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The Potters as illustrated by Mary GrandPré.

74.
Magical creatures in Harry Potter
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Magical creatures are a colourful aspect of the fictional wizarding world contained in the Harry Potter series by J. K. Rowling. Throughout the seven books of the series, Harry and his friends come across many of these creatures on their adventures, Rowling has also written Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, a guide to the magical beasts found in the series. Many of these are derived from folklore, primarily Greek mythology, many of the legends surrounding mythical creatures are also incorporated in the books. Know that I didnt invent unicorns, but Ive had to explain frequently that I didnt actually invent hippogriffs, when I do use a creature that I know is a mythological entity, I like to find out as much as I can about it. I might not use it, but to make it as consistent as I feel is good for my plot, many pets in the series are ordinary animals with magical properties. In the Harry Potter series, Magizoology is the study of magical creatures, a person who studies Magizoology is known as a magizoologist. There are magizoologists who work in the Ministry of Magic, particularly in the Department for the Regulation, the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures of the Ministry of Magic is responsible for overseeing and regulating magical creatures. It is divided into three divisions, the Beast Division, the Being Division, and the Spirit Division and this includes humans, goblins, hags, Werewolves, and vampires. According to this definition, fairies, pixies, gnomes, Centaurs and merpeople are said to have rejected being status in favour of beast status, as have leprechauns. Their classification is unclear, and offices responsible for werewolves exist in both the Beast and Being Divisions. A number of creatures, such as house-elves, giants, banshees, veelas, dwarfs, affairs related to ghosts come under the auspices of the Spirit Division. According to Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, creatures are also put under danger categories, Creatures that need to be treated with a sophisticated amount of respect, e. g. Centaurs, Unicorns, Phoenixes, and Merpeople, are given a four-x rating. Below is a list of magical creatures mentioned in the Harry Potter universe and those creatures that Rowling took from myth and folklore have links to their mythological articles. The Blast-Ended Skrewt is a hybrid of a crab and manticore. Inferi are neither beasts nor beings, but merely animated corpses with no will of their own, for a list of magical plants mentioned in the series, such as mandrakes and devils snares, see List of fictional plants. Blast-Ended Skrewt – The Blast-Ended Skrewt is the result of a union between a Manticore and a Fire Crab, Skrewts make their debut in Goblet of Fire, as one of the creatures that Hagrid teaches the students about as Professor of Care of Magical Creatures. The first fan to learn of the skrewts was Catie Hoch, bowtruckle – An insect-eating, tree-dwelling wooden creature that is hard to spot. Rowling has written on Pottermore that they are creatures who only inhabit worthy trees

75.
Quidditch Through the Ages
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For the multilateral transit trade deal, see Quadrilateral Traffic in Transit Agreement. Quidditch Through the Ages is a 2001 book written by British author J. K. Rowling using the pseudonym of Kennilworthy Whisp about Quidditch in the Harry Potter universe. It purports to be the Hogwarts librarys copy of the book of the same name mentioned in several novels of the Harry Potter series. The book benefits the charity Comic Relief, over 80% of the cover price of each book sold goes directly to poor children in various places around the world. According to Comic Relief, sales from this book and its companion Fantastic Beasts, as of July 2008, the books combined are estimated to have earned over $30 million for Comic Relief. The two books have since made available in hardcover. In both the fictional and real world it is the handbook on the history and intricacies of the game. It also serves as a catalogue of the many British Quidditch teams, in the Harry Potter universe, Kennilworthy Whisp is a Quidditch expert and fanatic who has written many books about the sport. He lives in Nottinghamshire, where he divides his time with wherever the Wigtown Wanderers are playing this week and his hobbies include backgammon, vegetarian cookery, and collecting vintage broomsticks. According to Whisp, the Firebolt is the best broomstick, Quidditch Through the Ages on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki Interview with J. K. Rowling about her book Quidditch Through the Ages

Quidditch Through the Ages
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Harry Potter books Quidditch Through the Ages

76.
Lego Creator: Harry Potter
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Lego Creator, Harry Potter is a construction and management simulation video game based on the Harry Potter story series and the Lego brand of building blocks. It was developed by Superscape and published by Lego Software, in the game, the player can build Harry Potter-themed worlds and complete challenges. Lego Creator was first introduced in 1998, then came Lego Creator, Knights Kingdom in 2000, the area of Inside Hogwarts school has four place-able extra rooms to reach other areas, including Professor Snapes Potions Class and the Forbidden Corridor. The game includes many features that give the player a lot of creative ability, Creator, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets is the sequel to Lego Creator, Harry Potter, specifically focusing on the second book and movie. It was the first game to be co-published by Electronic Arts upon release, certain characters or animals can reach certain areas of the game. Completing tasks will unlock different worlds and models the player can use in their own world and these tasks are tutorials, which show the user all the features of the program

Lego Creator: Harry Potter
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The player inserting a minifigure into the world.

77.
Book of Potions
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It was released in Europe on 15 November 2013 and North America on 12 November 2013, alongside Diggs Nightcrawler and Walking with Dinosaurs. Approximately 500 years after his death, a Hogwarts student somehow comes into possession of the Book of Potions, under his tutelage, the student begins their ascent to potioneering mastery. Having done so, the student earns the right to use the cauldron to brew a new potion all their own. After finding some exceptionally rare ingredients, the student brews a potion which is revealed to be the Potion of All Potential, unable to accept this, Zygmunt immediately left the school in protest, which disabled him from entering the Championship even once he had come of age. Once the student wins the golden cauldron, Zygmunts spirit finds itself at peace, saying that hell no longer cause trouble for anyone else, he leaves the student to meet their adoring public. Like its predecessor, the game begins with the player choosing one of the four Hogwarts houses, alternatively, if the player has a Pottermore account, they can log into it through the game and the choices will be made automatically to reflect those made on the Pottermore website. The game consists of seven chapters, each focussing on a particular potion

Book of Potions
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European cover art

78.
Harry Potter Trading Card Game
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The Harry Potter Trading Card Game is a strategy and collectible card game based in the magical world of J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter novels. Created by Wizards of the Coast in August 2001, the game was designed to compete with the Yu-Gi-Oh, pokémon and Magic, The Gathering card games. Its release was timed to coincide with the premiere of the first film in the series. The game was praised for the way it immersed children in the Harry Potter universe, at one point the game was the second best selling toy in the United States, however, the game is now out of print. The game is for two players, each with 60-card decks, the aim is to force the opposite player to run out of cards from their deck first. When cards do damage to a player, cards from the deck are placed into the discard pile, each player begins with a hand of seven cards, and draws a card before each of their turns. There are eight different types of cards in the Harry Potter Trading Card Game, Lessons are the basic units of the game. Each provides 1 Power, which is needed to other cards. The number of Lessons in play determines the players capabilities to play cards with different costs, there are five different Lesson cards, each of which has a different symbol and colour that is used to identify it on other cards. Spells are cards that are played directly into the pile and have a given effect. They have a printed Power cost, there are Spells for each Lesson type, Creatures stay on the table when played. All Creatures have a printed Power cost, and require Care of Magical Creatures Lessons to play and they have a Health number that determines how much damage they can take, and a Damage each turn number that dictates the amount of damage done to the opposing player each turn. Not all Creatures do damage, some have special abilities, Characters do not have a printed Power cost or Lesson type and thus do not require Lessons to play, although they do require two Actions. Characters stay on the table and have abilities that can be used by the player. Each player must have a starting Character to represent them, the starting Character begins the game on the table, only Characters with the Witch or Wizard keyword designation can be used as starting Characters. Adventures, like Characters, do not require Lessons to play, each player can have only one Adventure in play at a time. Items stay on the table when played and they have a printed Power cost and can be of any Lesson type. Some have effects that can be used, while others provide extra Power, Matches were introduced in the Quidditch Cup expansion

79.
Lego Harry Potter
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Lego Harry Potter is a Lego theme based on the films of the Harry Potter series. Lego models of important scenes, vehicles and characters were made for the first six films, the first sets appeared in 2001, to coincide with the release of the first film Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone. Subsequent sets were released alongside the new films, until Harry Potter, the line then went dormant for three years. It is unknown if the theme will again be revived to coincide with future installations in the Harry Potter franchise, such as the film Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. A week later, the company clarified that this did not mean any immediate changes. However, the theme was discontinued after 2007 for a time, in June 2009, it was officially announced by Lego that a video game, Lego Harry Potter, Years 1–4, was in production and released in June 2010. Lego Harry Potter, Years 5–7 was released in November 2011 and these sets have newly decorated mini-figures and animals including Luna Lovegood, Bellatrix Lestrange, new owls and new pigs. Also announced was a Lego Harry Potter board game that was available in August. In 2013, The LEGO Group officially discontinued Lego Harry Potter sets, however, a Lego Dimensions add-on pack featuring Harry Potter and Voldemort was scheduled to be released on 27 September 2016. The first film saw the largest amount of sets, with fourteen being made in total, initially, only eleven were produced, however three more were released the next year. Ten sets were produced based on the film in the series. Two of which were released the year after the second film and these sets were designed to be combined with the sets from the first film. The third film saw eleven sets released, including the first Lego Harry Potter mini set, in addition, the minifigures became fleshed toned, following Lego universal change for licensed characters. Only four sets based on the film were released. The Harry Potter minifigure headpiece was redesigned in this series, only one set was produced based on the fifth film foreshadowing the themes assumed retirement. This was the last Harry Potter themed set until 2010, Lego revived the Harry Potter theme after a three-year gap from previous set released in 2007. These new sets were released October 1,2010 within the UK, all sets are remakes of previous ones with the exception of one new set, The Burrow, which is based on a scene from Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Lego released four sets in 2011

Lego Harry Potter
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Lego Harry Potter

80.
Harry Potter in amusement parks
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This article details the appearance of Harry Potter theming in amusement parks. In the late 1990s, Universal Parks and Resorts began discussing the possibility of purchasing the license for Harry Potter to create, as Time Warner owns the license, a small walkthrough attraction was constructed at Warner Bros. Movie World called the Harry Potter Movie Magic Experience in 2001 and this attraction was removed two years later. In 2010, Universals Islands of Adventure park opened the The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, similar attractions are destined for Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Studios Japan. In 2001, Time Warner used this license to construct and operate the Harry Potter Movie Magic Experience at Warner Bros, Movie World on the Gold Coast, Australia. The attraction was a small indoor walkthrough featuring many re-creations of locations in the first two movies, after two years of operation this attraction was removed. A Harry Potter themed attraction at a Universal Studios park or a Disney park was rumored in 2003, however, the rights to the Harry Potter franchise had been acquired by Warner Bros. who denied all rumors. Other sources followed up in the few days with unofficial confirmation that the new area would involve Harry Potter. On May 31,2007, Universal, in partnership with Warner Bros. officially announced The Wizarding World of Harry Potter would be added to Islands of Adventure, construction of the Wizarding World of Harry Potter began seven months after the official announcement, in January 2008. By July, the Flying Unicorn and Enchanted Oak Tavern were closed, the Flying Unicorn then began an almost two year refurbishment which transformed it into the Flight of the Hippogriff. The Enchanted Oak Tavern was later demolished, a bridge was built to connect The Lost Continent with Jurassic Park allowing guests to avoid the construction zone that was to be the Wizarding World. Construction progressed with the Hogwarts castle slowly taking shape, by September 2008, the Dueling Dragons entrance was moved to Jurassic Park to make room for construction of Hogsmeade. One month later, the old entrance was demolished, by September 2009, the top shell of Hogwarts castle was completed. On September 15, an announcement was made as to what exactly was going to be included in the Wizarding World, in early 2010, Universal increased the marketing of the area which included newspaper advertisements, billboards and television commercials. The Dueling Dragons were closed for maintenance before being transformed into the Dragon Challenge. Construction was complete by June 1,2010 when the area began soft openings, a soft opening weekend was held for the media and reserved guests, starting on May 28,2010. The park had two opening ceremonies took place on June 16 and June 18,2010. The first opening was reserved for the cast and crew of the Harry Potter films, rowling, Universal Orlando Resort officials, as well as representatives from the media

Harry Potter in amusement parks
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Inside Ollivander's Wand Shop Experience at Islands of Adventure
Harry Potter in amusement parks
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Themed billboards were located around the Wizarding World during the two year construction period.
Harry Potter in amusement parks
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The opening celebrations.
Harry Potter in amusement parks
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Replica of the Hogwarts Express at Islands of Adventure

81.
Dragon Challenge
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Dragon Challenge is a pair of intertwined inverted roller coasters in the Wizarding World of Harry Potter area of Universal Studios Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida, U. S. The ride is themed to two chasing dragons, one side being Chinese Fireball and the other Hungarian Horntail and it features a layout in which the two trains share adjacent lift hills but then traverse two unique courses. The ride was designed by Bolliger & Mabillard of Switzerland, the Chinese Fireball dragon reaches a top speed of 60 mph, and the Hungarian Horntail dragon reaches a top speed of 55 mph. The total ride time is two minutes and 25 seconds. When Islands of Adventure opened on May 28,1999, the ride was called Dueling Dragons and was located in The Lost Continent area with the two sides named Fire and Ice. During much of the history, the trains were dispatched simultaneously. However, after two injuries related to loose objects hitting riders on the coaster, the roller coasters are now dispatched separately. After a renovation period, the attraction reopened in mid-March 2010, Dueling Dragons was one of Islands of Adventures original attractions, opening with the theme park on May 28,1999, in the parks The Lost Continent area. At the time, it was the fully inverted dueling roller coaster in the world. The ride was themed to two dueling dragons, with one track named Ice and the other named Fire, in May 2007, Universal announced plans to construct The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, a new section devoted to the popular Harry Potter book and film series. Dueling Dragons, as well as the adjacent Flight of the Hippogriff roller coaster, were shown to be included in the new section, construction on re-theming the queue began in the third quarter of 2009. In the first quarter of 2010, the closed in order to refurbish the attraction to incorporate the Harry Potter theme. In mid-March 2010, the roller coasters reopened to the public, on June 18,2010, with the opening of the entire The Wizarding World of Harry Potter section, the ride officially became Dragon Challenge. During the summer of 2011, there were two accidents caused by what is believed to be loose objects hitting riders while riding the roller coaster. The most serious accident was when a man got struck with an object and had to get his eye removed due to the amount of damage, on the same day that the man got hit, Universal Studios announced that the coasters would not duel until an investigation was completed. No injuries have been reported since, when first entering the queue, guests are taken past a number of banners for the Triwizard Tournament showing support for the four contestants. After passing the Weasleys crashed flying Ford Anglia, they enter the Champions Tent, from there guests pass a large pedestal with the Triwizard Cup glowing at the top, and several dark tunnels which lead to both coasters stations. Just before entering the station guests must choose which coaster they want to ride, once in the station, on the ceiling, there is a projection of the dragons

82.
Flight of the Hippogriff
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Flight of the Hippogriff is a junior roller coaster in the Islands of Adventure theme park at Universal Studios Florida in Orlando, Florida. Located in The Wizarding World of Harry Potter section of the park, the ride is an alternative to the areas more extreme rides such as Dragon Challenge and Harry Potter. The roller coaster originally opened as Flying Unicorn on June 29,2000, the park announced a planned transformation in 2009 to Flight of the Hippogriff, and it reopened on June 18,2010. Additional versions of the ride were introduced later at Universal Studios Japan, Flying Unicorn was one of the first rides to be added to Islands of Adventure after its grand opening, debuting on June 29,2000, in the parks Lost Continent area. The ride took place in an enchanted forest, like something from a fairy tale, various signs along the queue tell the story of a wizard who found a baby unicorns horn, which it shed. He then used the horn to create this ride, the magic from the unicorns horn is used so that it can fly. After eight years of operation, Flying Unicorn was closed on July 7,2008 to allow construction to proceed on The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, the attraction was closed off to the public and listed as Standing But Not Operating. The attraction soft opened on June 1,2010 under the new name of Flight of the Hippogriff and it officially opened with The Wizarding World of Harry Potter on June 18,2010. A duplicate of the Orlando attraction was installed at Universal Studios Japan as part of the Wizarding World of Harry Potter themed area and it opened on July 15,2014. Flight of the Hippogriff was also installed at Universal Studios Hollywood and this is the first outdoor roller coaster at the Hollywood location. The roller coasters new backstory is that Hagrid is teaching young wizards how to fly a Hippogriff by using fake replicas of the creature. The queue line weaves through Hogwarts Grounds, past Hagrids Hut and the Forest, and leads into an open canopy where Care of Magical Creatures Class is taught, the roller coaster takes passengers on a test flight of the Hippogriff over the Forbidden Forest and Hagrids Hut. Riders are instructed to bow to the Hippogriff before the ride progresses up the lift hill, Flight of the Hippogriff at Universal Orlando Resort Geographic data related to Flight of the Hippogriff at OpenStreetMap

Flight of the Hippogriff
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One of the newly rethemed trains.
Flight of the Hippogriff
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A vehicle ascending the lift hill on Flight of the Hippogriff. An animatronic Hippogriff can be seen in the background, to the left side of the lift hill.
Flight of the Hippogriff
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Entrance to the attraction.
Flight of the Hippogriff
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Marvel Super Hero Island

83.
Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts
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Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts is an indoor steel roller coaster at Universal Studios Florida, a theme park located within the Universal Orlando Resort. The ride, which is themed to the Gringotts Wizarding Bank, Universal Parks & Resorts, in partnership with Warner Bros. officially announced the addition of The Wizarding World of Harry Potter to Islands of Adventure on May 31,2007. The area officially opened in the Islands of Adventure theme park on June 18,2010, the Harry Potter-themed area saw attendance at Islands of Adventure rise by as much as 36% in 2010. On December 6,2011, Universal park officials confirmed that an expansion would take place, the announcement was made four days after the park confirmed the removal of Jaws, a ride scheduled to close permanently on January 2,2012. Demolition of the Jaws ride and the surrounding Amity area began soon after its closure, after the site was levelled, work began on land reclamation as well as the construction of a series of buildings, including a large show building for the Gringotts ride. Further details about the expansion were announced on May 8,2013, confirming new feature attractions themed after Diagon Alley, on January 23,2014, the name of the areas flagship attraction was revealed to be Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts. It was later described as a virtual reality roller coaster by Entertainment Weekly as additional details were released in May 2014, the new ride opened on July 8,2014, alongside other attractions in the new Diagon Alley section of the park. The building housing the attraction features a 60-foot dragon statue perched over the entrance that utilizes special effects to simulate the breathing of fire, Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts is a steel roller coaster with a track length of approximately 2,000 feet. The ride encompasses motion-based vehicles, detailed sets, physical effects, the ride takes guests through the vaults of Gringotts, where they meet several characters from the Harry Potter films and have a face-to-face encounter with Lord Voldemort and Bellatrix Lestrange. Official website Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts at the Roller Coaster DataBase

Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts
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Ukrainian Ironbelly at the top of Gringotts Bank which houses Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts
Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts
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Production Central

84.
Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey
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The ride takes guests through scenes and environments in and around Hogwarts Castle from the Harry Potter series of books and films. This summary describes the attraction at Islands of Adventure, the attraction at Universal Studios Hollywood may have significant differences, mainly the previous integration of 3D technology. Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey uses KUKA robocoaster technology, which allows the seats to pivot while being held above the track by a robotic arm, however, the ride is not a roller coaster but a scenic dark ride. The experience includes a flight around Hogwarts castle, an encounter with the Whomping Willow and a horde of Dementors, the ride drops, spins around, twists and turns, but does not turn upside down, though passengers sometimes lie flat on their backs. Over-the-shoulder bars are used to secure guests in their seats, at the conclusion of the ride, guests exit into Filchs Emporium of Confiscated Goods gift shop. As of September 2015, Universal Express Pass is not available for this attraction, to enter the ride, guests walk through the gates of Hogwarts and begin their journey in the dungeons where they see items featured in the movies and books. Passengers enter through the doors, go to the lockers, queue outside in the green house. Objects recognizable from the series include the Mirror of Erised, the Hogwarts House Jewels, in the Headmasters office, Professor Dumbledore extends a warm welcome to all Muggles, informing them that Professor Binns is hosting a lecture on the history of the school. Ron tries to cast a spell, which goes wrong, and one of special effects. Before continuing on, visitors receive a safety reminder from the Sorting Hat, next, riders board an enchanted bench inside the Room of Requirement, which lifts off the ground and through the Floo Network for a journey with Harry. The ride combines real sets and animatronics with segments that use wrap-around projection screens, the guests leave the room of requirement through its fireplace and enter the Observatory, where they look out through the open arches to the hills and lake outside Hogwarts boundary. As Harry and Ron travel under a bridge, Hagrid yields the riders, as Harry redirects the riders attentions back to their journey, Hagrids pet Hungarian Horntail dragon begins to chase the riders. The riders descend into a set of the Forbidden Forest where they encounter a figure of Aragog, the ride returns to a projection screen as the riders become caught up in Harrys and Rons game of Quidditch. The riders return to a set as the Dementors appear from the pipelines. The skeleton of the long-deceased Basilisk lies on the floor of the Chamber, dozens of Dementors emerge from the darkness while one descends and attempts to suck out the riders souls. After shaking the riders out of the trance, Harry causes the Dementors to flee with a protective Patronus Charm. After the final Dementor, and while Harry uses his Patronus, the enter the final video dome segment. Professor Dumbledore sends everyone back through the Floo Network to the Room of Requirement, while everyone may walk through the queue, all riders must be at least 48 inches tall

Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey
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Hogwarts Castle which houses Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey
Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey
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Entrance to the ride at Islands of Adventure
Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey
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The Defence Against the Dark Arts classroom forms a portion of the queue at Islands of Adventure
Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey
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The "enchanted bench" ride vehicles.

85.
Harry Potter fandom
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By the fourth Harry Potter book, the legions of fans had grown so large that considerable security measures were taken to ensure that no book was purchased before the official release date. Harry Potter is considered one of the few four-quadrant, multi-generation spanning franchises that exist today, pottermania is an informal term first used around 1999 describing the craze Harry Potter fans have had over the series. Fans held midnight parties to celebrate the release of the four books at bookstores which stayed open on the night leading into the date of the release. In 2005, Entertainment Weekly listed the release of Harry Potter. Diehard fans of the series are called Potterheads, some even theme their weddings around Harry Potter. A Bridal Guide featured two real weddings soon before the release of the movie, which quickly spread through the fandom via Facebook, Twitter. The craze over the series was referenced in Lauren Weisbergers 2003 novel The Devil Wears Prada as well as its 2006 film adaptation, there are many fan web sites about Harry Potter on the Internet, the oldest ones dating to about 1997 or 1998. J. K. Rowling has a relationship with her fan base. In 2004, after Immeritus, Rowling bestowed the honour upon four sites, the next site was the Harry Potter Lexicon, an online encyclopedia Rowling has admitted to visiting while writing away from home rather than buying a copy of her books in a store. She called it for the obsessive, my natural home. The third site of 2004 was MuggleNet, a web site featuring the latest news in the Potter world, among editorials, forums, and a podcast. The last site was HPANA, the first fan site Rowling ever visited, faster off the mark with Harry Potter news than any other site Rowling knows, in 2005, only The Leaky Cauldron was honored. On another occasion, Rowling has called the Leaky Cauldron her favourite fan site, in 2006, the Brazilian website Potterish was the only site honoured, in recognition of its style, Potter-expertise and responsible reporting. In May 2007, Harry Potter Fan Zone received the award, Rowling recognized the insightful editorials as well as praised the site for its young and dedicated staff. Rowling called the extraordinary and most inspirational, and paralleled its mission to the values for which Dumbledores Army fought in the books. In an article about her in Time, Rowling expressed her gratefulness at the successful work raising awareness. At one time, Warner Bros. which owns the rights to Harry Potter and its affiliates, tried to shut down the sites. The unsuccessful attempt led to their inviting the webmasters of the top sites to premieres of the films and tours of the film sets

Harry Potter fandom
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Potter fans wait in lines outside a Borders bookstore for their copy of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.
Harry Potter fandom
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A Harry Potter fan imitates Harry, Lumos Maxima
Harry Potter fandom
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Attendees of Sectus convention in London await the midnight release of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
Harry Potter fandom
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Millikin University students at their biannual Muggle Quidditch tournament, a form of live action roleplay.

86.
Harry Potter Alliance
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The Harry Potter Alliance is a nonprofit organization run primarily by Harry Potter fans. It was founded by Andrew Slack in 2005 to draw attention to human rights violations in Sudan and they have received recognition from many popular figures in the Harry Potter community and have been the subject of multiple academic studies on fan activism and civic engagement among youth. The Harry Potter Alliance was founded in 2005 by comedian Andrew Slack and the rock band Harry. In 2006, the organisation partnered with Walmart Watch to create a series of YouTube videos about the Dark Lord Waldemart in order to educate fans about Walmarts labour practices, the three videos have been viewed nearly three and a half million times total. The effort raised $15,000 for STAND and they also joined the 24 Hours for Darfur project, which sought to make a 24-hour video of individuals speaking out against the genocide in Darfur, by asking members to submit videos as fans. Then, in 2008, the HPA asked members to support for sponsors of the 2008 Summer Olympics who were implicitly funding the genocide in Darfur through overseas investments. The HPA also began its now-annual Accio Books, campaign in 2009, collecting over 13,000 books for their partner Agohozo Shalom Youth Village in Rwanda. Since 2013, they have partnered with the International Quidditch Association, after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, the Harry Potter Alliance partnered with Partners In Health and other fan communities to create Helping Heal Haiti. In two weeks, the HPA raised over $123,000 for Partners in Health In Haiti, the money raised helped Partners in Health charter five planes to Haiti full of medical supplies. The planes were named after characters in the Harry Potter series, in June 2010, the Harry Potter Alliance competed against 10,000 other charitable organizations to win a grant from the Chase Community Giving Contest on Facebook. They received 38,689 votes to win the first place grant of $250,000, the money received from this grant went towards expanding their reach and improving their literacy and LGBT rights programs. In June 2010, The Harry Potter Alliances and Savetheinternet. com joined together to campaign for Net Neutrality, in this video they all urged the Federal Communications Commission to preserve Net Neutrality. In the months leading up to the final Harry Potter film release, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, each month, the organisation highlighted a different horcrux, or injustice, for members to work to end. This later developed into the HPAs currently on-going Not in Harrys Name campaign, according to their website, an independent report gave Harry Potter chocolate an F in human rights. Executive director Andrew Slack personally reached out to Warner Bros, CEO Barry M. Meyer about the HPAs concerns, and Meyer responded with comments about their commitment to ethical sourcing. During the Deathly Hallows campaign, the HPA also partnered with ReachOut. com to fight the effects of depression, book drive, teamed up with Marriage Equality Rhode Island and the Gay-Straight Alliance on marriage equality and bullying, and worked with Splashlife to address climate crisis. On July 31,2012, staff member Julian Gomez posted a video to the organizations YouTube channel explaining that he was an undocumented immigrant and they nearly doubled their goal of $50,000. Donors gave money in exchange for exclusive perks from people such as John and Hank Green, Potter Puppet Pals, Evanna Lynch, LeakyCon, StarKid and they have repeated the fundraiser each fall since, raising over $180,000 in 2013 and over $150,000 in 2014

Harry Potter Alliance
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The logo of the Harry Potter Alliance

87.
Harry Potter influences and analogues
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Writer J. K. Rowling cites several writers as influences in her creation of her bestselling Harry Potter series. Writers, journalists and critics have noted that the books also have a number of analogues and this article is divided into three sections. The first section lists those authors and books which Rowling has suggested as influences on Harry Potter. The second section deals with those books which Rowling has cited as favourites without mentioning possible influences, the third section deals with those analogues which Rowling has not cited either as influences or as favourites but which others have claimed bear comparison with Harry Potter. Rowling has never openly credited any single author with inspiration, saying, I havent got the faintest idea where my ideas come from, Im just grateful that it does, because it gives me more entertainment than it gives anyone else. However, she has mentioned a number of authors as probable influences in her creation of Harry Potter. The works are listed roughly in order of publication, Rowling has said, Ive taken horrible liberties with folklore and mythology, but Im quite unashamed about that, because British folklore and British mythology is a totally bastard mythology. So I feel no compunction about borrowing from that freely, when an interviewer said that saving Cedrics body resembled the Iliad and the actions of Hector, Achilles, and Patroclus, Rowling said, Thats where it came from. That really, really, really moved me when I read that when I was 19, the idea of the desecration of a body, a very ancient idea. I was thinking of that when Harry saved Cedrics body, a number of commentators have drawn attention to the Biblical themes and references in J. K. Rowlings final Harry Potter novel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. In an August 2007 issue of Newsweek, Lisa Miller commented that Harry dies and then back to life to save humankind. She points out the title of the chapter in which this occurs—Kings Cross—a possible allusion to Christs cross. The quotation on Dumbledores family tomb, Where your treasure is, your heart will be also, is from Matthew 6,21, Deathly Hallows begins with a pair of epigraphs, one from Quaker leader William Penns More Fruits of Solitude and one from Aeschylus The Libation Bearers. I really enjoyed choosing those two quotations because one is pagan, of course, and one is from a Christian tradition, Id known it was going to be those two passages since Chamber was published. I always knew if I could use them at the beginning of seven then Id cued up the ending perfectly. If they were relevant, then I went where I needed to go and they just say it all to me, they really do. In the tale, three brothers outwit Death by magicing a bridge to cross a dangerous river, Death, angry at being cheated, offers to give them three gifts, the Deathly Hallows, as a reward for evading him. The first two die as a result of the granted to them, but the third uses his gift wisely

88.
Parodies of Harry Potter
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The immense popularity and wide recognition of J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter fantasy series has led to its being extensively parodied, in works spanning nearly every medium. Misinterpretations of Harry Potter parodies have sparked at least two urban legends, Rowling has also been parodied in a number of instances. Barry Trotter is a series of Harry Potter parodies written by Michael Gerber, the series to date comprises Barry Trotter and the Shameless Parody, Barry Trotter and the Unnecessary Sequel and Barry Trotter and the Dead Horse. The narrative features the adventures of Barry Trotter, Lon Measly, Harry Putter and the Chamber of Cheesecakes by Timothy R. ODonnell. Hairy Pothead and the Marijuana Stone by Dana Larsen — a marijuana-laden book-length parody was released in the United States, the story parallels the original books, but instead of a wizard, Hairy Pothead is a Weedster and attends Hempwards School of Herbcraft and Weedery. Characters include Hempwards Master Head Alwaze Duinthadope and Professors Moruvva McGanjagal, the book received extensive media coverage in Canada upon its release. Hairy Potty and the Underwear of Justice from The Captain Underpants Extra-Crunchy Book o Fun by Dav Pilkey, Henry Potty and the Pet Rock, An Unauthorized Harry Potter Parody by Valerie Frankel is a satire of Harry Potter along with most of childrens literature. In July 2008 the sequel, Henry Potty and the Deathly Paper Shortage and these narratives feature the adventures of Henry Potty, Really Wimpy, and Horrendous Gangrene who attend Chickenfeet Academy. The series is metafictional, as the characters know they’re in a book, Parry Hotter and the Seamy Side of Magic by K. C. Ellis. Gary Stopper and the Rock of Ages by Richard E. Salisbury is a Christian-themed parody of Harry Potter, Howie Monroe and the Doghouse of Doom by Bunnicula author James Howe and Brett Helquist. It features a dog named Howie Monroe who attends the Dogwiz Academy for Canine Conjurers, Howie must face The-Evil-Force-Whose-Name-Cnot-Be-Spoke, also known as Herbert, the fat cat who sat on his parents. It was published digitally on Smashwords in May,2011, Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality by Eliezer Yudkowsky. His book illustrates topics in science and rationality, and has been favorably reviewed by author David Brin. Porri Gatter is a series of Harry Potter parodies written by Belarusian authors Andrey Zhvalevskiy, the series is based on an inversion of the Potter mythos, Porri is a technology user in a world of magicians. Four books have so far been published, Series of Harry Potter parodies A Boy Named Harry and his Dog Potter, by Valentin Postnikov. Harry Cover, a book parody of the Harry Potter series, written by Pierre Veys and drawn by Baka and Cristóbal Esdras. Harry Peloteur et la braguette magique, a parody by Nick Tammer Larry Bodter met de lordre à Phoenix. Henri Potier à lécole des Quartiers by Pierre de Laubier,2011, heri Kókler is a Hungarian parody of the Harry Potter series by an author with the fake name K. B

89.
Harry Potter in translation
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The Harry Potter series of fantasy novels by J. K. Rowling have become some of the most widely read works of childrens literature in history, with readers of all ages and in many countries. In April 2011 worldwide sales of Harry Potter books were estimated to be about 450 million copies, however, there are two separate Portuguese translations as well as two separate Chinese translations. Therefore, editions of the books have published in at least 70 distinct language versions. For an authorised translation, the publisher must first negotiate and sign a contract with the authors agents, a list of authorised publishers can be read on J. K. Rowling’s website. This necessary delay has boosted the sales of English language editions of the books to impatient fans, such was the clamour to read the fifth book that its English edition became the first English-language book ever to top the bookseller list in France. This has also caused unauthorised translations and fake versions of the books to appear in many countries, the high profile and demand for a high-quality local translation means that a great deal of care is often taken in the task. In some countries, such as Italy, the first book was revised by the publishers, in countries such as China and Portugal, the translation is conducted by a group of translators working together to save time. Some of the translators hired to work on the books were well known before their work on Harry Potter, such as Viktor Golyshev. Golyshev was previously best known for having translated William Faulkner and George Orwell, the Turkish translation of books two to five was undertaken by Sevin Okyay, a popular literary critic and cultural commentator. The original British English versions of the book were published in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury, there is no complete official list of authorised translations currently available. Editions exist in the languages, Not listed in this table is the long-planned translation into Scots Gaelic, initially scheduled for release in December 2006. The Ancient Greek version, according to the translator, is the longest text written in Ancient Greek since the novels of Heliodorus of Emesa in the 3rd century AD, the work may be done by multiple translators to speed the process. Such translations are often written and filled with errors. Cases have occurred in areas of the world, but China is one of the most common areas of the world for unauthorised translations. One notable case involved a French 16-year-old who published serialised translations of Harry Potter and he was arrested and his site was later shut down, however, the wife of the official translator noted that these works do not necessarily hurt the official translation. Two people were arrested in connection with the pirated version, another case involved the internet fan translation community, Harry auf Deutsch, formed to translate the Harry Potter books into German more rapidly. The German publisher of the Harry Potter books, Carlsen Verlag, filed a cease and desist against the fan translators, they complied, taking down the translations. In some countries, when there were no authorised translations into the local language, such was the case, for example, in Sri Lanka, where the books have been unofficially translated into Sinhala and possibly into Tamil

Harry Potter in translation
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The Harry Potter logo used in first the American and other non-English editions of the novel series, and then in film series

90.
A Very Potter Musical
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A Very Potter Musical is a musical with music and lyrics by Darren Criss and A. J. Holmes and a book by Matt Lang, Nick Lang and Brian Holden, K. Rowling, as well as their film counterparts. The musical was performed in April 9–11,2009 on the University of Michigan campus and is available to watch online. It was produced by StarKid Productions and directed by Matt Lang, in late June 2009, the group put the entire musical up on YouTube and it became a viral video, obtaining millions of views. The musical allowed StarKid to create subsequent musicals, as Me and My Dick, A Very Potter Sequel, Starship, and Twisted, The Untold Story of a Royal Visier. A third installment called A Very Potter Senior Year premiered at LeakyCon on August 11,2012, the names are chosen out of a magical trophy by Potions Master, Severus Snape, with Harry being chosen for Gryffindor. The other champions are his crush Cho Chang, her current boyfriend Cedric Diggory and Harrys obnoxious rival, Draco Malfoy. Hermione then voices her concern about the history of the House Cup Tournament. Draco attempts to intimidate Harry by claiming that he transfer to a prestigious wizarding academy on Mars called Pigfarts. They bicker about this arrangement, which causes inconvenience to both of them due to their conflicting personalities, Harry convinces Hermione to do all of his school work for him while he writes a love song intended to win the heart of Cho Chang. He tests out the song on Rons younger sister Ginny, while being oblivious to Ginnys own crush on him. Harry, Ron and Hermione use his Cloak of Invisibility to sneak off and investigate what the first round of the House Cup Tournament could entail, Voldemort convinces Quirrell to go out and celebrate the progress of their evil plan instead of grading papers. Harry, Ron, and Hermione discover that the first round will involve dragons, Voldemort and Quirrel return from a night of drunken escapades, reminiscing on past events and how they have become friends from their time spent together. Harry continues to neglect his preparation for the tournament, and is caught completely off-guard when he is forced to face a deadly Hungarian Horntail in battle. With no other choice, Harry summons his guitar and serenades the dragon into submission, the annual Yule Ball is announced, and Ginny attempts to ask Harry to be her partner. Unfortunately, Harry is dead set on asking Cho and unknowingly rejects Ginny, Harry plays his song for Cho but is rejected because Cho has already agreed to go with Cedric, leaving him and Ron as the only two male students without partners. Quirrell relieves Voldemort of his worries surrounding their master plan as the two weigh the pros and cons of their physical separation. Voldemort realises he has become close with Quirrell, and that he wishes to remain his friend, at the Yule Ball, the normally-unattractive Hermione suddenly shows up with a gorgeous makeover, causing Ron and Malfoy to suddenly realise their feelings for her

A Very Potter Musical
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AVPM soundtrack art

91.
The Harry Potter Lexicon
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The Harry Potter Lexicon is a fan-created online encyclopedia of the Harry Potter series. The site was created by school librarian Steve Vander Ark and it contains detailed information for all seven published Harry Potter books. The Lexicon lists characters, places, creatures, spells, potions and magical devices, as well as analyzing magical theory, the Lexicon is credited as creating one of the first timelines of all events occurring in the Harry Potter universe. A similar timeline of events was adopted by Warner Bros. for inclusion with their Harry Potter film DVDs, the Lexicon is a winner of J. K. Rowlings Fan Site Award. Rowling said, On October 31,2007, J. K, Rowling and Warner Brothers filed a lawsuit against RDR Books over the publication of Vander Arks Lexicon in book form. The lawsuit was heard in a New York court on April 14,2008, whilst some sources refer to Vander Ark being sued, the lawsuit actually names only RDR Books. The lawsuit states, The result of the lawsuit was that the book could be published, a modified version of the book was published in 2009. This case went to trial in the New York Federal District Court of Judge Robert Patterson on April 14,2008. On 8 September 2008, Rowling won her case against RDR Books. Lexicon publisher RDR Books said, Judge Patterson said that materials were generally useful to the public but that in this case. He said he ruled in Ms. Rowlings favor because the Lexicon appropriates too much of Rowlings creative work for its purposes as a reference guide. In December,2008, a version of Vander Arks Lexicon was approved for publication and was released January 16,2009 as The Lexicon. Harry Potter fandom The Harry Potter Lexicon Case page on Justia. com

The Harry Potter Lexicon
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Steve Vander Ark, creator of the Harry Potter Lexicon, speaking at the Sectus conference in London in 2007

92.
Potter Puppet Pals
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Potter Puppet Pals is a puppet show web series parodying the Harry Potter novel series by JK Rowling, created by Neil Cicierega. The first two episodes were animated, both released in 2003 on Newgrounds, on September 26,2006, the series was re-launched on YouTube under Cicieregas page as Potions Class. Six more episodes were released by Cicierega between 2006 and 2009, approximately one year after the seventh episode was released, a new video appeared on Neils channel announcing an exclusive Potter Puppet Pals channel. On the same day, three videos were released on this page. The Potter Puppet Pals make appearances at some Harry Potter parties, both the original animated episodes, as well as the first seven live-action episodes, have been published to the official Potter Puppet Pals webpage. Much of the derived from the series originates from Cicieregas unique interpretation of the principal Harry Potter characters. Some characters are given personalities designed to contrast completely with their attitudes in the Harry Potter books, Cicieregas Harry is portrayed as an extremely brash, arrogant, and vain teenager who is rife with boyish attitude, while Dumbledore is a nudist. Other times, an aspect of the stories is blown out of proportion for comedic effect, such as Hermione Grangers love of reading. In the episode Snapes Diary, Hermione remarks, I know a thing or two books, and thats a book. The Mysterious Ticking Noise, released March 23,2007, was the 22nd most-viewed video on YouTube as of January 1,2013 with over 137.5 million views. The video was nominated and won in the Comedy category in the 2008 YouTube Awards with 61. 6% of the votes in that category. In the video, Severus Snape hears a strange ticking and, noticing it has a rhythm, begins singing to it, followed by Dumbledore, Ron Weasley, Hermione Granger. Towards the end, Ron discovers that the source of the ticking is a bomb that explodes as they celebrate. At the New York premiere of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2, Alan Rickman was interviewed by MTV and quoted as saying “ is very beautifully done, can you get rich from that. Daniel Radcliffe also mentioned in an interview by MTV that the cast of the Harry Potter should do a live version of The Mysterious Ticking Noise for a charity. Potter Puppet Pals Website Potterpuppetpals YouTube Page Neil Cicierega YouTube Page

Potter Puppet Pals
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The sign showing the Potter Puppet Pals logo that appears at the start of most episodes.

93.
Bad Blood (1982 film)
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Bad Blood is a 1982 British-New Zealand thriller film set in the small West Coast town of Koiterangi, during World War II, and is based on the factual manhunt for mass-murderer Stanley Graham. The film was directed by English director Mike Newell, who went on to direct Four Weddings, much of the film was shot at the original locations. The script was based upon Manhunt, The Story of Stanley Graham, by H. A. Willis, in October 1941, Stan Graham, a Westland smallholder, develops a persecution complex and starts to threaten his neighbours. They put up with it for a while but things become intolerable, one day a party of four policemen arrive to confiscate his firearms. This causes a flashpoint for him - he loves his guns and is not going to them over. He shoots all the cops and, in the ensuing altercations, a manhunt composed of police, army and homeguard is organised and delivers Grahams come-uppance. Based upon an event that happened around the present community of Kowhitirangi. It was released in New Zealand on the 12 November 1982 and it was released on DVD in May 2006 and again on 16 September 2009. It was also released in the United Kingdom and in North America on 2 October 2007, Bad Blood received rave reviews in Britain and later in New Zealand. Although considered risky when released, Bad Blood is now regarded as a New Zealand film classic, crime NZ, Stanley Graham Murders Interview with Jack Thompson

Bad Blood (1982 film)
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Theatrical release poster

94.
Dance with a Stranger
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Dance with a Stranger is a 1985 British drama film, directed by Mike Newell. The screenplay was by Shelagh Delaney, author of A Taste of Honey, the theme song Would You Dance With a Stranger was performed by Mari Wilson, and provided her with a hit single in the same year. A former nude model and prostitute, Ruth is manageress of a London drinking club frequented by racing drivers, another child is in the custody of her estranged husbands family. In the club she meets David, a young man from a well-off family who wants to succeed in motor racing but suffers from lack of money. Ruth falls for his looks and charm, but it is a doomed relationship, without a job he cannot afford to marry her and his family would never accept her. When he makes a scene in the club, she is fired. A wealthy admirer secures a flat for her and her son, when she tells him she is pregnant, he does nothing about it and she miscarries. Distraught, she goes to a house in Hampstead where she believes David is at a party and he comes out and goes with a girl to a pub. Ruth waits outside the pub and, when he emerges, kills him with four shots and she is arrested, tried and hanged. Mike Newell won Award of the Youth at the 1985 Cannes Film Festival for Dance with a Stranger, miranda Richardson won Best Actress at the Evening Standard British Film Awards, while Ian Holm won Boston Society of Film Critics Awards 1985 for this and other films. Dance with a Stranger at the Internet Movie Database

Dance with a Stranger
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Film poster

95.
The Good Father
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The Good Father is a 1985 British film directed by Mike Newell and starring Anthony Hopkins, Jim Broadbent, Harriet Walter, Fanny Viner, Simon Callow, Joanne Whalley, and Michael Byrne. It is loosely based on Peter Princes novel of the same name and it marked the first credited appearance in a feature film of Stephen Fry. The movie was produced for British television but received a release in the US. Bill is a man who is bitter about his recent divorce from his wife. And the loss of custody of his only child and he acts out his anger by befriending another man, Roger, who has been sued for divorce by his wife, so that she can enter into a lesbian relationship with her lover. Bill tries to help the man out, by funding the latters court case to regain custody of his child, simone Callow plays the unscrupulous sleezy barrister hired for the case. Soon Bill, who has focused his anger against feminism, which he blames for robbing him of his family, turns to feel disgust for what he, the Good Father at the Internet Movie Database

The Good Father
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Theatrical release poster

96.
Four Weddings and a Funeral
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Four Weddings and a Funeral is a 1994 British romantic comedy film directed by Mike Newell. The first wedding is that of Angus and Laura, at which Charles is the best man, Charles and his single friends wonder whether they will ever get married. Charles meets Carrie and spends the night with her, Carrie pretends that, now they have slept together, they will have to get married, to which Charles endeavours to respond before realising she is joking. Carrie observes that they may have missed an opportunity and then returns to America, the second wedding is that of Bernard and Lydia, a couple who became romantically involved at the previous wedding. Charles encounters Carrie again, but she introduces him to her fiancé, Sir Hamish Banks, Charles retreats to an empty hotel suite, seeing Carrie and Hamish leave in a taxicab, only to be trapped in a cupboard after the newlyweds stumble into the room to have sex. After Charles awkwardly exits the room, Henrietta confronts him about his habit of serial monogamy, Charles then runs into Carrie, and they end up spending another night together. A month later, Charles receives an invitation to Carries wedding, while shopping for a present, he coincidentally encounters Carrie and ends up helping her select her wedding dress. Carrie lists her more than thirty sexual partners, Charles later awkwardly tries confessing his love to her and hinting that he would like to have a relationship with her, to no avail. The third wedding is that of Carrie and Hamish, Charles attends, depressed at the prospect of Carrie marrying Hamish. As Charles watches Carrie and Hamish dance, Fiona deduces his feelings about Carrie, when Charles asks why Fiona is not married, she confesses that she has loved Charles since they first met years earlier. Charles is appreciative and empathetic but does not requite her love, during the grooms toast, Gareth dies of a heart attack. At Gareths funeral, his partner Matthew recites the poem Funeral Blues by W. H. Auden, the fourth wedding is ten months later. Charles has decided to marry Henrietta, however, shortly before the ceremony, Carrie arrives, revealing to Charles that she and Hamish are separated. Charles has a crisis of confidence, which he reveals to his deaf brother David, the vicar asks whether Charles does love someone else, and Charles replies, I do. Henrietta punches Charles and the wedding is halted, Carrie visits Charles to apologise for attending the wedding. Charles confesses that, while standing at the altar, he realised that for the first time in his life he totally and utterly loved one person, Charles makes a proposal of lifelong commitment without marriage to Carrie, who accepts. The original score was composed by British composer Richard Rodney Bennett and this song would later be adapted into Christmas Is All Around and sung by the character of Billy Mack in Richard Curtis 2003 film Love Actually, in which Grant also stars. Film critic Roger Ebert gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, calling it delightful and sly and he praised Grants performance, describing it as a kind of endearing awkwardness

Four Weddings and a Funeral
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UK theatrical release poster

97.
Mona Lisa Smile
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The title is a reference to the Mona Lisa, the famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci, and the song of the same name, originally performed by Nat King Cole, which was covered by Seal for the movie. Julia Roberts received a record $25 million for her performance the highest ever earned by an actress at that time, Katherine comes to know her students and seeks to inspire them to achieve more than marriage to eligible young men. Betty Warren is highly opinionated and outspokenly conservative like her mother, Betty doesnt understand why Katherine is not married and insists that there is a universal standard for good art. Connie Baker begins dating Bettys cousin, Charlie but Betty persuades her that he is using her as his parents have arranged for him to marry Deb MacIntyre. After a disastrous date, where Charlie and Connie very nearly cross paths with Debs parents on a weekend away at the shore, Connie ends the relationship, believing Bettys story to be true. However, some later, Connie and Charlie reconnect, with Charlie saying he has already decided for himself that he is not going to marry Deb, so he. Her parents divorced after the war and her father left them for a new family, Giselle brazenly has affairs with a professor and a married man. Katherine declines a proposal from her California boyfriend because she doesnt love him enough and begins seeing the Wellesley Italian professor, Bill is charming and full of stories about Europe and his heroic actions in Italy during the war. He has also had affairs with students, and Katherine makes him promise that it will never happen again. The relationship progresses but when Katherine learns that Bill spent the war at the Army Languages Center on Long Island. Bill responds that Katherine didnt come to Wellesley to help the students find their way, within six months of the wedding Bettys marriage falls apart as Spencer has an affair, hiding it from his wife by pretending to be away on business. Betty seeks refuge at her parents house but her mother turns her away, Betty lashes out at Giselle in rage and pain and then breaks down in tears while Giselle hugs her. Mrs Warren begs Betty to stay married to Spencer, saying that she should try for a year, Betty shows her mother a picture of the Mona Lisa and asks if her smile means she is happy. She answers her own question, Who cares, as long as shes smiling, and warns her mother that not everything is what it seems. At graduation, Betty begins to ask Katherine about apartments in Greenwich Village, New York, Betty tells her mother that she filed for divorce that same morning and she is going to room with Giselle. She tells Katherine that she is considering applying to Yale Law School, Katherine decides to leave in order to explore Europe. In the final scene, Betty dedicates her last editorial to Katherine, claiming that her teacher is a woman who lived by example. As Katherines taxi speeds up, all her students follow on their bicycles, box office raking in $11,528,498 USD behind The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King

Mona Lisa Smile
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Theatrical release poster

98.
Love in the Time of Cholera (film)
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Love in the Time of Cholera is a 2007 film directed by Mike Newell. Producer Scott Steindorff spent over three years courting Gabriel García Márquez for the rights to the book telling him that he was Florentino and it is the first filming of a García Márquez novel by a Hollywood studio, rather than by Latin American or Italian directors. It is the first English-language work of Academy Award-nominated Brazilian actress Fernanda Montenegro, much of the film takes place in the historic, walled city of Cartagena in Colombia. Some screen shots showed the Magdalena River and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain range, london based animation studio VooDooDog created the title sequence and end sequence. These sequences draw inspirations from the colors and atmosphere of South America and we put a lot of effort into the line test stage, studying time-lapse flowers footage and getting the twisting feeling of the tendrils and flowers opening before committing to the hand painting stage. I am sure no one other than fussy designers notice, in late 19th century Cartagena, a river port in Colombia, Florentino Ariza falls in love at first sight with Fermina Daza. They secretly correspond, and she agrees to marry him. When she returns years later, Fermina agrees to marry Dr. Juvenal Urbino. Their 50-year marriage is loving but inwardly marred by darker emotions. Ferminas marriage devastates Florentino, who vows to remain a virgin, but his self-denial is thwarted by a tryst. To help him get over Fermina, his mother throws a willing widow into his bed and he begins to record and describe each of his sexual encounters, beginning with the widow, and eventually compiles over 600 entries. A lowly clerk, he plods resolutely over many years to approach the wealth, when the now-elderly doctor dies suddenly, Florentino immediately and impertinently resumes courting Fermina. With a smile on his face, the film received mixed to negative reviews from critics. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 26% of critics gave the positive reviews. On Metacritic, the film had a score of 44 out of 100. Time rated it D and described it as a serious contender the worst movie ever made from a great novel, skip the film, reread the book. Those who havent read the book will now never understand the ardor of those who have — at least not based on all the hammy traipsing and coupling and scene-hopping thrown together here. In the Los Angeles Times, Carina Chocano stated, the novel has made it to the screen in the form of a plodding, tone-deaf, overripe, a song written for the film by Shakira and Antonio Pinto was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Song

Love in the Time of Cholera (film)
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Theatrical release poster

99.
Great Expectations (2012 film)
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Great Expectations is a 2012 British film adaptation of Charles Dickens novel of the same name. The film was directed by Mike Newell, with the screenplay by David Nicholls. Nicholls adapted the screenplay after being asked to work on it by producers Elizabeth Karlsen and Stephen Woolley, the premiere of the film closed the BFI London Film Festival in 2012, although it had already been previewed earlier in the year at the Toronto International Film Festival. It was released in the UK on 30 November 2012, Jeremy Irvine as Pip, an orphan. Helena Bonham Carter as Miss Havisham, wealthy spinster who has taken up a life of following the loss of her love. Bonham Carter was concerned about playing the role of Miss Havisham and she was worried about the typical appearance of the character, describing her as a pensioner in a bridesmaids dress. Newell assured her that she was the age, as the character in the book is in her forties. Ralph Fiennes as Magwitch, a criminal who changes Pips life, Fiennes hadnt read a great deal of Dickens work prior to gaining the role. Following the filming of Great Expectations, he moved onto another Dickens-related role, Robbie Coltrane as Mr. Jaggers, a lawyer responsible for handling Pips money. Great Expectations was Coltranes first Dickens-related role and he had been offered the role of Mr. Micawber in an adaptation of David Copperfield some years previously, but was unable to take it. Coltrane described Jaggers as a bastard, and was pleased to be able to deliver the line to Pip about great expectations. Jason Flemyng as Joe Gargery, Pips brother-in-law and legal guardian, Flemyng was pleased to be able to appear in a film which he could take his children to see, and thought itd be great for the Christmas period. Holliday Grainger as Estella, Newell encouraged Grainger to bring sensuality to her role, Grainger has said in interviews that the role was the one which she has coveted more than any other. She had first read the book at the age of 15, walliams brought his mother along to the films premiere. He had worked with producers Elizabeth Karlsen and Stephen Woolley on the 2007 film, during the development of the film, Nicholls published the novel One Day, which was subsequently adapted into a film in 2011. Nicholls described in interviews that he saw Dickens work as his childhood defining novel, having first read the book when he was fourteen and he also praised the 1946 version, directed by David Lean. Mike Newell was looking to develop Dickens Dombey and Son for the screen, the two worked together on further developing the screenplay and finding the funding for the film. Nicholls thought there was a problem with choosing the ending for the film and he described their solution as, What weve tried to do is to make it work as a love story without sentimentalising the book, having criticised the ending of the David Lean version

Great Expectations (2012 film)
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Theatrical release poster
Great Expectations (2012 film)
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Holliday Grainger at the preview of Great Expectations at the Toronto Film Festival

100.
Cormoran Strike
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Cormoran Strike is the eponymous character of a series of crime fiction books written by British author J. K. Rowling, published under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith. The story chronicles the cases of private investigator Strike and his assistant Robin Ellacott. On 10 December 2014, it was announced that the novels would be adapted as a television series for BBC One. The first book is about how Strike is hired by John Bristow, the brother of supermodel Lula Landry. Bristow wants Strike to investigate his sisters supposed suicide, Strike also meets Robin Ellacott, who has been sent to be his temporary secretary despite the fact he can barely afford her. Robin has just become engaged to her longtime boyfriend Matthew, with a wedding set later that year, although Strike only hires her for one week, she turns out to be much more competent than he expected, and they end up extending her stay. Finally, the two decide that Robin will stay on, the second book is about how Strike is approached by Leonora Quine with a plea to locate her husband, the notorious writer Owen Quine, who has disappeared without a trace. Strike discovers that his disappearance coincides with the leak of the manuscript for his latest novel, the third book tells how Robin receives a package from a courier containing a womans severed right leg. The package is accompanied by a note quoting from the Blue Öyster Cult song Mistress of the Salmon Salt, a tattoo that Strikes mother, a famous groupie and BÖC fan, had above her crotch. Because of that link, Strike told the police that he believed that the package had been sent by someone from his own past with a grudge against him. His father, Jonny Rokeby, is a rock star, however, Cormoran is the product of an extramarital affair. Robin Venetia Ellacott Strikes assistant and secretary, originally, she was only going to work for Strike for a week, but she turns out to be much more competent than expected, and they end up extending her stay. She is enthusiastic about work and is very intelligent and competent. Between the second and third book, Strike paid for her to take a criminal investigation course and she plans to marry her boyfriend Matthew Cunliffe. In the third book, it is revealed that she fell victim to a rape and attempted murder causing her to out of university. As a result, she is unwilling to stop the investigation of Noel Brockbank, one of Strikes suspects, lucy Strike is Cormoran Strikes judgmental younger half-sister on his mothers side. Strike attends her sons birthday party in the first novel, Jonny Rokeby is Strikes famous pop-star father and has only met him twice in his lifetime. It took a DNA test to prove his paternity, Leda Strike is Strikes late mother, a supergroupie of Jonny Rokebys

Cormoran Strike
Cormoran Strike
Cormoran Strike
Cormoran Strike

101.
The Silkworm
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The Silkworm is a 2014 crime fiction novel written by J. K. Rowling, published under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith. It is the novel in the series featuring private investigator Cormoran Strike. It was followed by Career of Evil in 2015, the title of the novel is derived from the Bombyx mori, a silkworm that is boiled alive within its cocoon to preserve the silken threads of the cocoon when the worm is removed. In the months following the resolution of the Lula Landry case. Strike discovers that his disappearance coincides with the leak of the manuscript for his latest novel, as Strike searches for Quine, his relationship with his assistant Robin Ellacott deteriorates, particularly after a disastrous meeting with her fiancé Matthew, who takes an immediate dislike to him. Robin confronts Strike about his intentions for her job, with Strike warning her if she chooses to become an investigator. After an anonymous parody was released, Elspeth committed suicide, with Fancourt accusing Quine of authoring the parody, after angry encounters with Kathryn Kent and Pippa Midgely, Strike is further unable to explain inconsistencies between the original draft of Bombyx Mori and the final manuscript. With Robins help, he develops a theory of the crime, as they talk outside the party, Strikes real target, Elizabeth Tassel, joins them. It is revealed that she was a failed author before becoming an agent, upon discovering this, Owen Quine blackmailed her to support his family, and kept her as his agent to maintain the ruse. Twenty years and several unsuccessful novels later, he approached Tassel with the concept for Bombyx Mori. Realising her opportunity, Tassel conspired with him to stage his disappearance, then rewrote the manuscript to condemn the industry, murdered Quine, as Strike lays out the evidence, Tassel attempts to flee, but a scheme concocted by Strike and Robin causes her to be caught quickly. The original Bombyx Mori manuscript is recovered, with Fancourt acknowledging its literary value, the novel ends with Strike visiting Robin, having enrolled her in investigative training courses as a Christmas gift. Cormoran Strike – A veteran of the Afghanistan war who was discharged after losing half of his leg in a bomb attack and he is a minor celebrity, thanks in part to his notorious rock star father and his solving of a high-profile murder. Robin Ellacott – Strikes assistant and secretary who has long harboured a fascination with the world of criminal investigations. Now taking on a role within Strikes agency, she aspires to become an investigator in her own right. Owen Quine – an author once hailed as an avant-garde writer and he has spent decades trying to recreate the success of his first novel, Hobarts Sin, to no avail. He is regarded as narcissistic and insecure in the extreme, Leonora Quine – Quines wife, who becomes the prime suspect in his murder. She spends almost all of her caring for their intellectually-disabled daughter

The Silkworm
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United States cover

102.
Career of Evil
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Career of Evil is the third novel in the Cormoran Strike series, written by J. K. Rowling and published under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith. It is preceded by The Cuckoos Calling and The Silkworm, the novel was released on 22 October 2015 in the United Kingdom. On 24 April 2015, Little, Brown and Company announced that the third Cormoran Strike crime thriller would be released in the autumn of 2015 and titled Career of Evil. Later that day, Robert Galbraith confirmed via Twitter that the title of the book was inspired by Blue Öyster Cults song of the same name, references to the song and excerpts from other Blue Öyster Cult songs, especially Mistress of the Salmon Salt, appear throughout the book. The dynamic between the two has created tension between Robin and her longtime boyfriend/fiancé, Matthew, who not only disapproves of her work but is jealous of her relationship with Strike, then Robin receives a package from a courier containing a womans severed right leg. The package is accompanied by a note quoting from the Blue Öyster Cult song Mistress of the Salmon Salt, a tattoo of which Strikes mother, a famous groupie and BÖC fan, had above her crotch. Because of that link, Strike told the police that he believed that the package had been sent by someone from his own past with a grudge against him, the fourth suspect is his mothers widower, Jeff Whittaker, whom Strike believed had murdered his mother. The police soon learn that the leg sent to Robin matches the recently discovered body of the would-be amputee. The negative publicity from the receipt of the leg, combined with Strikes efforts to protect Robin from the risk posed by the killer, the Ripper attacks and almost murders Robin while she is on her way home after following Whittaker. In the aftermath of the attack, Strike identifies the killer, but Roy Carver, Strike loses both of his remaining clients. Meanwhile, Robin takes action against Brockbank which drove him out of his home and underground. That causes Strike to fire her, both to head off Carver and the police, who had ordered Strike to leave all of the suspects alone, and to set up a next step against the serial killer. In the end, Strike has to find evidence against the killer without any help from the police before his business collapses completely. Laing, under his alias, had been the live-in boyfriend of the would-be amputees older sister, after turning Laing in with the souvenirs, Strike is told that the police also caught Brockbank after a tip-off from a homeless shelter. After leaving the station, Strike rushes to Yorkshire for Robins wedding. He has since become a private investigator and he is a minor celebrity, thanks in part to his notorious rock star father and his solving of two high-profile murders, and at the start of the story, his business is flourishing. Robin Ellacott – Strikes assistant who has just completed a course in criminal investigations and her marriage to her longtime boyfriend-fiancé Matthew Cunliffe, an accountant, is rapidly approaching. Donald Laing - a Scot formerly in the military where he became an old enemy for Strike, Laing had actually boxed against Strike in the military and had bitten Strikes face after realizing that he was losing, leading to military discipline

Career of Evil
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United States cover

103.
The Casual Vacancy
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The Casual Vacancy is a 2012 novel written by J. K. Rowling. The book was published worldwide by the Little, Brown Book Group on 27 September 2012, a paperback edition was released on 23 July 2013. It was Rowlings first publication since the Harry Potter series, her first apart from that series, the novel is set in a suburban West Country town called Pagford and begins with the death of beloved Parish Councillor Barry Fairbrother. Subsequently, a seat on the council is vacant and a conflict ensues before the election for his successor takes place, factions develop, particularly concerning whether to dissociate with a local council estate, the Fields, with which Barry supported an alliance. However, those running for a place soon find their darkest secrets revealed on the Parish Council online forum, ruining their campaign, major themes in the novel are class, politics, and social issues such as drugs, prostitution and rape. The novel was the fastest-selling in the United Kingdom in three years and had the second best-selling opening week for an adult novel there since Dan Browns The Lost Symbol and it became the 15th best-selling book of 2012 during its first week of release. The book has been adapted into a drama broadcast in 2015. The book is dedicated to Rowlings husband, Dr Neil Murray, the book is split into seven parts, and features varying narratives. Each section is headed by a definition from Charles Arnold-Bakers book Local Council Administration, the inhabitants of the town share the news with their friends and relatives and chaos ensues. The fate of the rehabilitation clinic, Bellchapel, is also a key controversy in the parish. Sukhvinder follows, posting that her mother, Dr. Parminder Jawanda, was in love with Barry, thirdly, Fats Wall posts, claiming his adoptive father Cubby suffers from obsessive fear of having molested a child without any memory of the fact. Howards son, Miles Mollison, is the candidate, much to the displeasure of his wife, Samantha. Another focus of the novel is the life of Krystal Weedon. 16-year-old Krystal lives in The Fields with her 4-year-old brother Robbie, social worker Kay is determined for Terri to stop her drug use and take responsibility for the care of Robbie, however, Terri relapses and her drug dealer Obbo rapes Krystal. Spurred on to start a family elsewhere, Krystal has unprotected sex with Fats in an attempt to become pregnant. It is during one of these instances that Robbie runs away from the pair in a park, eventually falling and drowning in a river, Krystal is so distraught she commits suicide by taking a heroin overdose, the novel culminating with the siblings funeral. Barry Fairbrother, a member of the Parish Council who was born, eloquent and fairminded, he is the leader of the faction of the Parish council wishing to keep The Fields in Pagford, in the hope the people can improve themselves as he did. He coached the rowing team and was particularly fond of Krystal Weedon

104.
The Sixth Sense
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The Sixth Sense is a 1999 American supernatural horror-thriller film written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan. The film tells the story of Cole Sear, a troubled, isolated boy who is able to see and talk to the dead, and an equally troubled child psychologist who tries to help him. The film established Shyamalan as a writer and director, and introduced the public to his traits. Released by Hollywood Pictures on August 6,1999, the film was received well, critics highlighted the performances, its atmosphere, the film was the second-highest-grossing film of 1999, grossing about $293 million domestically and $672 million worldwide. Dr. Malcolm Crowe, a child psychologist in Philadelphia, returns one night with his wife, Anna. Anna tells Crowe that everything is second to his work, a young man then appears in their bathroom, and accuses Crowe of failing him. Crowe recognizes him as Vincent Grey, a patient whom he treated as a child for hallucinations. Vincent shoots his former doctor before killing himself, the next fall, Crowe begins working with another patient, nine-year-old Cole Sear, whose case is similar to Vincents. Crowe becomes dedicated to the boy, though he is haunted by doubts over his ability to him after his failure with Vincent. Meanwhile, he and his wife seldom, if ever, speak or do anything together, Crowe feels he must help Cole in order to rectify his failure to help Vincent and reconcile with his wife. Coles mother, Lynn worries about his stamina, especially after seeing signs of physical abuse. Cole eventually confides his secret to Crowe, he sees ghosts, at first, Crowe thinks Cole is delusional and considers dropping his case. Remembering Vincent, the psychologist listens to an audiotape from a session with Vincent when he was a child, on the tape, when Crowe leaves the room, Vincent begins crying. Turning up the volume, Crowe hears a man begging for help in Spanish, and now believes that Cole is telling the truth. He suggests to Cole that he should try to find a purpose for his gift by communicating with the ghosts, at first, Cole is unwilling since the ghosts terrify and sometimes even threaten him, but he finally decides to attempt helping. Cole talks to one of the ghosts, a girl named Kyra who recently died after a chronic illness. He goes with Crowe to her reception at her home, where Kyra directs him to a box holding a videotape. The tape shows Kyras mother poisoning her daughters food, by proving she was a victim of Munchausen syndrome by proxy, Cole has saved Kyras younger sister, the mothers next victim

The Sixth Sense
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Theatrical release poster

105.
Spider-Man (2002 film)
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Spider-Man is a 2002 American superhero film directed by Sam Raimi. Exercising its option on just two elements from the acquisition, Sony hired David Koepp to create a working screenplay. Directors Roland Emmerich, Ang Lee, Chris Columbus, Jan de Bont, M. Night Shyamalan, Tony Scott, the Koepp script was rewritten by Scott Rosenberg during preproduction and received a dialogue polish from Alvin Sargent during production. Filming took place in Los Angeles, and New York City from January 8 to June 30,2001, Spider-Man premiered in the Philippines on April 30,2002, and had its general release in the United States on May 3,2002. It became a critical and financial success, for its time, it was the only film to reach $100 million in its first weekend, had the largest opening weekend gross of all time, and was the most successful film based on a comic book. With $821.7 million worldwide, it was 2002s third-highest-grossing film and is the 56th-highest-grossing film of all time, the film was nominated at the 75th Academy Awards ceremony for Best Visual Effects and Best Sound Mixing. Due to the success of the film, Columbia Pictures and Marvel released two sequels, Spider-Man 2 in 2004, and Spider-Man 3 in 2007, high-school senior Peter Parker is a school outcast and bully victim. On a school trip, he visits a genetics laboratory with his friend Harry Osborn. There, Peter is bitten by a genetically engineered super spider, shortly after arriving home, he becomes ill and falls unconscious. Meanwhile, Harrys father, scientist Norman Osborn, owner of Oscorp, is attempting to secure an important military weapons contract and he experiments on himself with an unstable performance-enhancing chemical. After absorbing the chemical, he goes insane, kills his assistant, the next morning, Peter discovers that he is no longer near-sighted, and his body has metamorphosized into a more muscular physique. At school, he finds that his body can produce webs from the wrists, brushing off his Uncle Bens advice that with great power comes great responsibility, Peter considers impressing Mary Jane with a car. He enters a wrestling tournament and wins his first match. When a thief suddenly raids the promoters office, Peter allows him to escape in revenge, moments later, he discovers that Ben has been carjacked and shot, dying in Peters arms. Overcome with anger and vengeance, Peter corners, subdues and tries to kill the carjacker, the thief attempts to flee, but trips and falls out a window to his death instead. Meanwhile, at Oscorps chief competitor Quest Aerospace, during a weapons test Norman kills several scientists, upon graduating, Peter begins using his abilities to fight crime, donning a costume and the persona of Spider-Man. J. Norman, upon learning Oscorps board members plan to sell the company, attacks them at the World Unity Fair, jameson quickly dubs the mysterious killer the Green Goblin. The Goblin offers Spider-Man a place at his side, but gives him time to think about it, meanwhile, after meeting Peter again, Mary Jane is followed by four men down an alley

106.
The Pursuit of Happyness
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The Pursuit of Happyness is a 2006 American biographical drama film based on entrepreneur Chris Gardners nearly one-year struggle being homeless. Directed by Gabriele Muccino, the film features Will Smith as Gardner, Smiths son Jaden Smith co-stars, making his film debut as Gardners son, Christopher Jr. The screenplay by Steven Conrad is based on the eponymous memoir written by Gardner with Quincy Troupe. The film was released on December 15,2006, by Columbia Pictures, for his performance, Smith was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for Best Actor. The unusual spelling of the title comes from a mural that Gardner sees on the wall outside the daycare facility his son attends. He complains to the owner of the daycare that happiness is incorrectly spelled as happyness, the scanners play a vital role in Chriss life. While he is able to sell most of them, the lag between the sales and his growing financial demands enrage his already bitter and alienated wife Linda. The financial instability increasingly erodes their marriage, in spite of them caring for their five-year-old son, while downtown trying to sell one of the scanners, Gardner meets Jay Twistle, a manager for Dean Witter Reynolds and impresses him by solving a Rubiks Cube during a taxi ride. After Jay leaves, Gardner lacks money to pay the fare, Gardner boards a train but loses one of his scanners in the process. His new relationship with Jay earns him the chance to become an intern stockbroker, the day before the interview, Gardner grudgingly agrees to paint his apartment so as to postpone being evicted due to his difficulty in paying the rent. While painting, Gardner is greeted by two policemen at his doorstep, who take him to the station, stating he has to pay for his numerous parking tickets he has accumulated. As part of the sanction, Gardner is ordered to spend the night in jail and he manages to arrive at Dean Witters office on time, albeit still in his shabby clothes. Despite his appearance, he impresses the interviewers, and lands an unpaid internship and he would be amongst 20 interns competing for a paid position as a broker. Gardners unpaid internship does not please Linda, who leaves for New York because she might get a job at her sisters boyfriends new restaurant. He ends up less than $22, resulting in them being homeless. Other days, he and Christopher spend nights at a shelter, in BART, or, if he manages to procure cash. Later, Gardner finds the bone scanner that he lost in the BART station and, after repairing it, sells it to a physician, one sympathetic prospect who is a top-level pension fund manager even takes him and his son to a San Francisco 49ers game. Regardless of his challenges, he never reveals his lowly circumstances to his colleagues, even going so far as to one of his bosses five dollars for cab fare

The Pursuit of Happyness
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Theatrical release poster
The Pursuit of Happyness
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The film is based on the story Chris Gardner 's struggle with homelessness

107.
Twilight (2008 film)
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Twilight is a 2008 American romantic fantasy film based on Stephenie Meyers popular novel of the same name. Directed by Catherine Hardwicke, the film stars Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson and it is the first film in The Twilight Saga film series. This film focuses on the development of the relationship between Bella Swan and Edward Cullen, and the subsequent efforts of Edward and his family to keep Bella safe from a coven of evil vampires. The project was in development for three years at Paramount Pictures, during which time a screen adaptation that differed significantly from the novel was written. Summit Entertainment acquired the rights to the novel after three years of the projects stagnant development, Melissa Rosenberg wrote a new adaptation of the novel shortly before the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike and sought to be faithful to the novels storyline. Principal photography took 44 days and completed on May 2,2008, Twilight was theatrically released on November 21,2008, it grossed over US$393 million worldwide. It was released on DVD March 21,2009 and became the most purchased DVD of the year, the soundtrack was released on November 4,2008. Following the films success, New Moon and Eclipse, the two novels in the series, were produced as films the following year. Seventeen-year-old Isabella Bella Swan moves to Forks, a town on Washingtons Olympic Peninsula, to live with her father. Her mother, Renée, is remarried to a minor league baseball player, Bella makes several friends at her new high school, but she is intrigued by the mysterious and aloof Cullen siblings. Bella sits next to Edward Cullen in biology class on her first day of school, after a week of absence from school, Edward comes back and talks to Bella normally. A few days later, Bella is nearly struck by a van in the parking lot. Edward saves her by covering a distance of over 30 feet. He subsequently refuses to explain his actions to Bella and warns her against befriending him, after much research, Bella concludes that Edward is a vampire. He eventually confirms this but says he and the other Cullens only consume animal blood, the pair fall in love, and Edward introduces Bella to his vampire family. Carlisle Cullen, the patriarch, is a doctor working in Forks. His wife is Esme, and Alice, Jasper, Emmett, Edward and Bellas relationship is soon put in jeopardy, when three nomadic vampires—James, Victoria, and Laurent—arrive in Forks. James, a vampire with incredible hunting instincts, is instantly intrigued by Edwards protectiveness over a human

108.
Black Swan (film)
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The plot revolves around a production of Tchaikovskys Swan Lake ballet by a prestigious New York City company. Nina is overwhelmed by a feeling of pressure when she finds herself competing for the part, causing her to lose her tenuous grip on reality. Aronofsky cites Fyodor Dostoyevskys The Double as another inspiration for the film, the director also considered Black Swan a companion piece to his 2008 film The Wrestler, with both films involving demanding performances for different kinds of art. He and Portman first discussed the project in 2000, and after an attachment to Universal Studios. Portman and Kunis trained in ballet for several months prior to filming, the film premiered as the opening film for the 67th Venice International Film Festival on September 1,2010. It had a release in the United States starting December 3,2010. Black Swan received critical praise upon its release, particularly for Portmans performance and Aronofskys direction, the film received five Academy Award nominations and Portman won Best Actress for the film, as well as many other Best Actress awards in several guilds and festivals. In addition, Aronofsky was nominated for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture. It is the horror film to be nominated in the Best Picture category, following The Exorcist in 1973, Jaws in 1975, The Silence of the Lambs in 1991. Nina Sayers is a dancer in a New York ballet company. Nina lives in New York City with her mother, Erica. The company is preparing to open the season with Swan Lake, the director, Thomas Leroy, is looking for a new principal dancer after forcing Beth Macintyre into retirement. Thomas wants the ballerina to portray the innocent, fragile White Swan as well as her mysterious, sensual twin. Nina auditions for the part, performing flawlessly as the White Swan, upset, Nina approaches Thomas and asks him to reconsider her as the lead role. Thomas forcibly kisses Nina, and she displays a change of character and bites him, Nina begins to witness strange happenings, and her mother finds scratches on Ninas back. An intoxicated Beth angrily confronts Thomas and Nina, Nina is worried that Beths fate will eventually befall her, too, but she stays quiet. Thomas tells Nina she needs to give herself to the sensuality of the Black Swan and he tells her to go home and masturbate, which she does. The next day, Nina finds out that Beth was seriously injured in a car accident, Nina realizes Beth will never dance again, and tearfully unpacks her belongings in Beths former dressing room

Black Swan (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Black Swan (film)
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Scene from the ballet Swan Lake in which the Black Swan (Odile) tricks and seduces the Prince
Black Swan (film)
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Mila Kunis was first approached to perform in Black Swan in 2008.
Black Swan (film)
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Part of the filming took place at the State University of New York at Purchase Performing Arts Center

109.
The Lucky One (film)
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The Lucky One is a 2012 romantic drama film directed by Scott Hicks and released April 2012. It is an adaptation of 2008 novel of the name by Nicholas Sparks. Logan Thibault, a U. S. Marine serving in Iraq, the following morning, he finds a picture of a young woman on the ground just before a mortar attack destroys where he had been sitting, killing many around him. Unsuccessful at finding the owner, Logan keeps it. Logans squad-mate declares the woman in the picture Logans guardian angel just before an explosion destroys their Humvee, Logan returns to Colorado to live with his sisters family, who have been looking after his dog, Zeus. Suffering from PTSD and survivor guilt, he decides it is best to leave, Logan and Zeus walk to Louisiana, where a lighthouse in the picture has provided a clue. He shows the photo around town and a local resident warns him that the used to be married to a friend of his. Logan finds the woman, Beth Green, but has difficulty explaining why he is there and she assumes he wants to apply for a job, and her grandmother, Ellie hires him. At first, Beth is irritated by Logans presence, but she begins to warm to him as Logans calm presence, willingness to work, Logan develops a supportive relationship with Beths son, Ben, who is without positive male influence since the death of Beths brother, Drake. Beths former husband, Sheriff Deputy Keith Clayton—the son of the towns judge—is immediately suspicious of Logan and he is brusque and overbearing with the former Marine. He discourages Ben from playing the violin around him, leading to Ben to practicing in his tree house, when Ben returns bloodied from a charity baseball game, Beth and Keith have an argument, and Keith threatens to use his connections to take full custody of Ben. Beth is anxious over Keiths short temper, and is fearful of losing her son to him, on the anniversary of Drakes death, Beth becomes distraught and Logan comforts her. Keith tries to stop the relationship between Beth and Logan, but Beth stands up to Keith, showing that she is not intimidated by him anymore. Keith learns that Logan was asking about her when he first arrived in town and steals the photo and her trust destroyed, Beth is distraught and sends Logan away. Ellie tries to soften Beth, explaining to her that it isnt Logans fault he survived, an intoxicated Keith sees Logan walking with his dog and angrily confronts him, drawing his gun while people on the street begin to panic and run. Logan disarms Keith, turning the weapon over to another officer and he then heads home to pack and finds a photo of Beths brother, Drake, inside a book that Ben had given him. The tattoo on Drakes forearm says Aces and he returns to Beths house to tell her what he knows of how Drake died. At Judge Claytons, Keith is shocked and embarrassed over what he did though his father tells Keith it will all blow over before the election, Keith walks out into a gathering storm, leaving his badge behind, and goes to Beth to plead for a reconciliation

The Lucky One (film)
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Theatrical release poster

110.
The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)
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The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a 2012 American coming-of-age, drama film. An adaptation of the 1999 epistolary novel of the name, it was written and directed by the novels author. Filmed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the film was released on September 21,2012, to positive response and commercial success. The film stars Logan Lerman, Emma Watson and Ezra Miller and this is one of the three films from John Malkovich, Lianne Halfon and Russell Smiths Mr. Mudd Productions that feature struggling teenagers, the other two are Ghost World and Juno. Charlie is uneasy about beginning his freshman year of school, he is shy and finds difficulty in making friends. When he sits with two seniors, Sam and her stepbrother Patrick, at a game, they invite him to tag along to several social activities with them. At a party, Charlie unwittingly eats a cannabis brownie, gets high and discloses to Sam that the year before and he also walks in on Patrick and Brad, a popular athlete, kissing. Sam realizes that Charlie has no other friends so she and Patrick make an effort to bring Charlie into their group. Sam needs to improve her SAT scores to be accepted to Pennsylvania State University, at Christmas, Sam gives Charlie a vintage typewriter to help his aspirations of being a writer. The two discuss relationships, and Charlie reveals he has never been kissed, Sam, though already involved with someone else, tells Charlie she wants his first kiss to be from someone who loves him, and kisses him. Charlie, in love with Sam, begins to try to find ways to show her how he feels, at a regular Rocky Horror Picture Show performance, Charlie is asked to fill in for Sams boyfriend Craig, who is unavailable. Their friend Mary Elizabeth is impressed and asks Charlie to the Sadie Hawkins dance, the two enter into a desultory relationship. Finally, at a party, when Charlie is dared to kiss the most beautiful girl in the room, he chooses Sam, Patrick recommends Charlie stay away from the group for a while, and the isolation causes him to sink back into depression. He experiences flashbacks of his Aunt Helen, who died in a car accident when he was seven years old. When Brad shows up at school with a black eye having been caught by his father having sex with Patrick, he lies, saying that he was jumped, Brad distances himself from Patrick, calling him a faggot. Brads friends begin beating Patrick, but Charlie forcefully intervenes, then blacks out and he recovers to find he has bruised knuckles and Brads friends are on the floor, incapacitated. Charlie threatens, Touch my friends again, and Ill blind you, Sam and Patrick express their gratitude to Charlie, and the three become friends again. Sam is accepted into Penn State, and breaks up with Craig on prom night after learning he has been cheating on her

The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)
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Theatrical release poster
The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)
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The Perks of Being a Wallflower (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

111.
Virtual International Authority File
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The Virtual International Authority File is an international authority file. It is a joint project of national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center. The project was initiated by the US Library of Congress, the German National Library, the National Library of France joined the project on October 5,2007. The project transitions to a service of the OCLC on April 4,2012, the aim is to link the national authority files to a single virtual authority file. In this file, identical records from the different data sets are linked together, a VIAF record receives a standard data number, contains the primary see and see also records from the original records, and refers to the original authority records. The data are available online and are available for research and data exchange. Reciprocal updating uses the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting protocol, the file numbers are also being added to Wikipedia biographical articles and are incorporated into Wikidata. VIAFs clustering algorithm is run every month, as more data are added from participating libraries, clusters of authority records may coalesce or split, leading to some fluctuation in the VIAF identifier of certain authority records