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By the sensitivity of the headphones, you can predict the volume level developed by the headphones at any chosen frequency with the known supply voltage to the headphones from the amplifier. Three-wave smoothing F.A.Q. is used to eliminate the interference of waves due to the use of a "point" microphone.

The frequency response in RAA is obtained through the reproduction and analysis of a special noise signal with the subsequent generation of an impulse response. The frequency response plot is constructed from the spectrum of the impulse response.
During the measurements, a special amplifier was used with zero total output impedance over the entire frequency range, which required no compensation for the amplitude response F.A.Q.. The microphone is calibrated to 45 kHz F.A.Q. with an appropriate frequency response correction.

The difference in amplitudes of 6 dB is equivalent to a twofold ratio of signal levels.

Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.

Voltage and Sensitivitycomparison
Determination of the required voltage level from the headphone amplifier and comparison with other models. Comparison of on-line graphs with additional analytics of compatibility with specific amplifiers. In comparison, the required voltage value, which the amplifier should provide for the selected sound pressure, is determined based on the sensitivity value of the Kennerton Odin 2019.

Frequency response of Kennerton Odin 2019 headphone

Brief information
Graph of frequency response F.A.Q. the shows the balance of the frequency of the headphones (reproduced frequency spectrum) in dB. 0 dB is the average of the amplitude.

The frequency response of the headphones can be represented as the selected equalizer setting in the player, applicable to headphones with a flat sound. Subjective "flatness" is perceived differently from external conditions: the volume level F.A.Q. of the external noise and noise isolation headphones. When connected to an amplifier, the frequency response can change F.A.Q..

The frequency response in RAA is obtained through the reproduction and analysis of a special noise signal with the subsequent generation of an impulse response. The frequency response plot is constructed from the spectrum of the impulse response.
During the measurements, a special amplifier was used with zero total output impedance over the entire frequency range, which required no compensation for the amplitude response F.A.Q.. The microphone is calibrated to 45 kHz F.A.Q. with an appropriate frequency response correction.

At the amplifier the impedance can be of different sizes and when agreed with the impedance of the headphones, change in the frequency response F.A.Q. to varying degrees. The lower the output impedance of the amplifier and the higher the resistance of the headphones, the smaller the change.

Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.

The lower the impedance of headphones in the low-frequency range, the stronger the low frequencies are weakened. With high-impedance headphones, there is no noticeable change in the frequency response F.A.Q..
Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.

Table of measured characteristics

Variance of frequency response Kennerton Odin 2019 depending on the total output resistance of the amplifier with zero resistance and a rise of resistance at low frequencies

Brief informationBrief information
The graph shows the change in the perception of the frequency responseF.A.Q. of the headphones when listening to music with a different loudness relative to the natural level. When listening to headphones at a low volume, the perception of recoil in the low frequency range decreases, and when you listen to it at a high volume, it increases.

According to this graph, you can estimate at what volume the headphones will be perceived more flat.

The perception of the number of low frequencies depends on the volume according to the curves of equal loudness. (ISO 226-2009 Acoustics. Normal equal-loudness-level contours). For the base level, 72 dB SPL (live performance of several instruments with vocals without amplifiers with acoustics) is selected.When you select another base level, the dependence varies slightly and is suitable for almost all levels.

*Center channel is received by data averaging between the left and right channels

Impulse response of Kennerton Odin 2019 headphone

Graphics setting view

Time, ms:

2ms5ms10ms

Channel:

LeftRightLeft Right

Brief information
Impulse response is a reaction to the pulse of the minimum possible duration. From the impulse response, most of the parameters under study are calculated: frequency response F.A.Q., phase-frequency response, group delay, waterfall, step response and square wave. The impulse response is visually not informative and for obtaining the majority of characteristics a fast Fourier transform and other mathematical algorithms with the analysis of the total pulse length are used. The total pulse length is about 5 seconds, while only the beginning of a pulse of 2-4 milliseconds is visually visible. Vertically, the visual detail does not exceed 40-45 dB.

The impulse response is able to show visually only the same or different polarity of the drivers and possible high-frequency resonance.

The waveform of the impulse response of the Kennerton Odin 2019 depends on the Kennerton Odin 2019 frequency response and the damped resonances and reverberations of the Astrotec AX-60 and the reverberation in the stand chamber. The visual clarity of the parameters on the impulse response is very low. Visual determination of quality by impulse response was actual in "pre-computer" years.

Brief information
The envelope of the impulse response is the sum of the half-wave moduli of the impulse response, constructed on a logarithmic scale.

In speaker tests, the envelope of the impulse response tracks the reverberation of the room. For headphones that operate on a small volume, this feature does not carry any useful information. The envelope of the impulse response is given for general educational purposes - to show that the impulse response is not a short burst of 2-4 ms, but a long-term attenuation within a few seconds. The widespread opinion "on the impulse characteristic all at once it is visible" incorrectly.

Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.

Step response of Kennerton Odin 2019 headphone

Graphics setting view

Time, ms:

2ms5ms10ms

Channel:

LeftRightLeft Right

Brief information
The step response is a playback on a step (front square) signal. It is built on the derivative impulse response .The response to the step represents the beginning of the meander front with zero frequency.

In the audiophile community on the square wave it is customary to determine the "speed" of the headphones, however this characteristic is applicable only to amplifiers having a flat frequency response with no reverberation and completely not applicable to headphones.

The waveform of the response to the step depends on the frequency response and the resonances of the headphones. In ancient times, before the wide spread of digital technologies, in the form of a meander, a rough estimate was made on the frequency response F.A.Q. and F.A.Q.. Today, the analysis of acoustic parameters on the meander is hopelessly outdated and the graphs of the final frequency response and waferballs with resonances are looked at separately.

Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.