We assessed various aspects of endocrine function in patients treated for essential hypertension with manidipine chloride, a calcium channel blocker, to study the effects of this drug on several endogenous humoral factors, including human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) and endothelin 1 (ET), which influence vasoconstriction and blood fluid volume. The ...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder in which there is repetitive collapse and closing of the pharynx during sleep. There is growing evidence to suggest that this disorder is a major cause of essential hypertension (EH) and that successful treatment of OSA can reduce the blood pressure (BP) significantly. ...

In patients with essential hypertension, correlations have been reported between the albumin excretion rate (AER) and ambulatory and casual blood pressure. Microalbuminuria has been indicated as a possible predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of quinapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme ...

This is a brief history of my personal experiences at the Mount Sinai Hospital and Medical School, preceding and interlaced with the research that eventually involved hypertension. My research on the hearts, kidneys, and lungs of animals was followed by work on clubbing of the fingers, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, and myocardial ...

Glucocorticoids raise blood pressure but were thought not to play a pathophysiological role in essential hypertension when it was demonstrated that cortisol secretion rates and circulating concentrations are normal in this disease. However, recent observations suggest that increased tissue sensitivity to cortisol, mediated by either abnormal glucocorticoid receptors or impaired ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe a quantitative analysis method for retinal vascular changes and to study retinal vascular changes in patients with mild essential or renovascular hypertension in relation to 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional prospective study was performed in 10 patients with essential hypertension and nine ...

Various factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, although the exact cause of essential hypertension is still unknown. In this paper it is suggested that the basic pathology in essential hypertension may be an inherited defect in the blood supply of that part of reticular formation of ...

This article reviews our work on the effects of different classes of antihypertensive agents on the hemodynamic alterations in essential human hypertension. Short-term studies were done during cardiac catheterization in young normotensive subjects (mean age, 33 years; range, 19 to 40) and several different age-matched (range, 25 to 53 years) ...

Pheochromocytoma is a unique type of hypertension caused by excessive production of catecholamines by the chromaffin tumor. Pheochromocytoma, a potentially life-threatening disease, is a rare cause of hypertension. The incidence varies from 0.1 to 0.8% of hypertensive population. The author's experience is based on 138 patients treated in one institution ...

Endurance exercise training reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressures in approximately 75% of people who have essential hypertension; these reductions are approximately 10 mmHg for both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Exercise training at intensities of 40-70% VO2max appears to lower systolic blood pressure somewhat more and diastolic blood pressure ...

The effects of long-term treatment with nipradilol, a nitroester-containing beta-blocker, on casual and 24-hour blood pressures were studied in 70 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Antihypertensive effects of nipradilol on casual blood pressure were observed in 68% of patients. Nipradilol reduced pulse rates, but no bradycardia was observed. The usefulness ...

Multiple heritable traits are associated with essential (genetic) hypertension in humans. Because chromogranin A is increased in both human and rodent genetic hypertension, we examined the influence of heredity and blood pressure on chromogranin A in humans. In estimates derived from among- and within-pair variance in monozygotic versus dizygotic twins, ...

The endothelins are a family of 21-amino acid peptides that are powerful vasoconstrictors. They may also induce vascular hypertrophy. These peptides may participate through these two mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the elevation of blood pressure and/or in the maintenance of hypertension in both experimental animal models and human essential ...

In order to elucidate the role of noradrenergic and dopaminergic activity in the pathogenesis of postprandial hypotension, the effect of feeding of ordinary diet on blood pressure, pulse rate, plasma catecholamine and other circulating vasoactive substances such as insulin were examined in mild essential hypertensive patients (EH) and their age-matched ...

Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) is a peptide proposed to modulate the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on blood pressure control and contribute to the development of essential hypertension. To assess the possible influence of gender on its role, we evaluated plasma NPY, noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) concentrations in men and ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a reduction in human forearm skin capillary density in essential hypertension. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We compared the number of capillary loops in the forearm skin of 12 patients with established, uncomplicated essential hypertension (mean blood pressure 180/109 mmHg) with that in carefully matched control ...

There is emerging evidence that cortisol plays a significantly greater role in human hypertension than previously thought. Apart from the well recognized role of cortisol in the hypertension of Cushing's syndrome, local cortisol excess has been recognized as responsible for rare forms of hypertension such as apparent mineralocorticoid excess and ...

Common hosts for the large-scale manufacture of biological products, such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, do not excrete products to the medium. Effective techniques for cell disruption are therefore required. These include physical, chemical, enzymatic and mechanical methods. Mechanical methods such as bead milling, high-pressure homogenization, and microfluidization are ...

Baroreflex failure has a range of presentations, varying from the acute onset of a hypertensive crisis to a chronically volatile blood pressure and heart rate with hypertensive surges in response to stress, punctuated by periods of normal or even low blood pressure during rest. Differentiating this syndrome from other causes ...

We compared corticosteroid metabolite excretion rates and patterns in a group of 68 subjects with untreated essential hypertension and a matched group of 48 normotensive control subjects. The ratio of tetrahydrocortisol plus allotetrahydrocortisol to tetrahydrocortisone and the ratio of allotetrahydrocortisol to tetrahydrocortisol were significantly higher in the hypertensive group. This ...

Anger and hostility have long been considered important factors in the etiology of essential hypertension (EH) and coronary heart disease (CHD). This case-control study investigates the association of hostility, as measured by the Cook and Medley Hostility Scale (HO), and anger, as measured by the Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI), with ...

The vasoprotective activity of lacidipine has been demonstrated both in animals and humans. Results from several studies indicate that vital organ perfusion is maintained, or even increased, during lacidipine administration. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) represents an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Lacidipine has been shown to reduce LVH significantly ...

An alteration in renal metabolism of endothelin may contribute to hypertension in the SHR and it has been shown that the excretion rate of endothelin is reduced in patients with essential hypertension. We measured plasma and urinary endothelin 1 (ET-1) in 20 untreated essential hypertensives with normal renal function, in ...

Intraoperative observations, necropsy, and angiographic studies support the presumption that neurovascular compression of the left ventrolateral medulla may cause neurogenic hypertension. Pulsatile irritation of the ventrolateral medulla at the root-entry zone of cranial nerves IX and X increases blood pressure in animals. To identify and assess the distribution of neurovascular ...

Recent advances in ET research on the cardiovascular and endocrine systems were reviewed. Considering the potent vasculotropic actions, strategically advantageous localization, and recent findings with the specific receptor antagonist, ET is potentially involved in the regulation of hemodynamic homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of essential and secondary hypertension. The mitogenic ...

We assessed the influence of hyperoxemia on erythropoietin secretion in patients with various etiological forms of arterial hypertension (essential, n = 15; renoparenchymal, n = 16; renovascular, n = 15) and in 15 healthy subjects. On the first day of the study, blood was withdrawn at 1-hour intervals for the ...

We investigated whether pre- and posttreatment analysis of erythrocyte membrane Na+,K(+)-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.37) activity would be a useful marker for screening hypertensive patients to determine who might benefit from treatment with calcium antagonists. Erythrocyte Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity and sodium and potassium (ENa, EK) contents were determined in controls and in patients ...

A proper balance between the n-3 and n-6 series of essential fatty acids (EFAs) is essential for homeostasis and normal growth in humans. Dietary supplement with fish oil and related n-3 EFAs has been used to study their antihypertensive property in animals and humans with borderline and essential hypertension. In ...

Microalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion between 20 and 200 micrograms/min) and endothelial dysfunction coexist in patients with essential hypertension. To evaluate whether the two phenomena are related and the determinants of that association, we recruited 10 untreated males with essential hypertension and microalbuminuria without diabetes to be compared with an equal ...

Arachidonic acid metabolites such as prostaglandins of the E series have well-documented effects on blood pressure (BP). Recently, a stable analogue of prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol) became available for oral use in humans, being primarily indicated for prevention of peptic disease induced by cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. We hypothesised that misoprostol would exert ...

Aspirin at low doses is used as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation and is frequently administered to essential hypertensive patients with arterial thrombotic complications. However, it is unknown whether aspirin can modify blood pressure values either in treated or untreated hypertensive patients, as described for other non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. ...

Several lines of evidence strongly suggest that the majority of patients with essential hypertension have an endocrine basis for their elevated blood pressure. Abnormalities in vascular tone, circulating hormone levels, and the responsiveness of target tissues to these hormones all contribute to the pathogenesis of the increased blood pressure. The ...

Epidemiological, clinical, and experimental evidence suggests a relation between Mg2+ metabolism and essential hypertension. The aim of the present study was the detection of abnormalities of the erythrocyte Mg2+/Na+ exchanger in essential hypertensive patients. We studied 66 untreated essential hypertensive patients and 36 normotensive control subjects. Maximal efflux rates of ...

Hypertension is a very common and important disease of modern civilised life. There are comflicting reports about cadmium, a trace element in the genesis of essential hypertension. The present study was conducted to estimate the cadmium levels in whole blood in the normal group of thirty subjects who were normotensive ...

A substantial proportion of patients with secondary hypertension have disorders of the adrenal cortex. Not surprisingly, corticosteroids were amongst the first putative pathogenic mediators to be investigated in essential hypertension. Despite this long history, there remains controversy about the mechanisms which promote abnormal adrenocortical secretion, the tissues and receptors which ...

1. We studied the effect of oral calcium supplementation (1.0 g/day) for 1 week on baroreceptor reflex function and the lability of blood pressure in association with the changes in autonomic nervous activity in 14 hospitalized patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (nine males and five females, mean age ...

The purpose of this investigation was to assess whether the phentolamine test is able to predict blood pressure fluctuations during operations on patients with pheochromocytoma. We administered 5 mg phentolamine intravenously to 11 patients with pheochromocytoma and 6 patients with essential hypertension, pretreated with alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists. Plasma concentrations of epinephrine ...

Multiple ion transport defects have been characterized in red blood cell membranes from essential hypertensive patients. These seem to be biochemical markers of at least three different types of essential hypertension. A first type is characterized by low pump, low cotransport fluxes in erythrocytes. These hypertensive patients are apparently identical ...

It has been shown that a significant correlation is present between blood pressure and plasma glucose concentrations among nondiabetic individuals. Blood glycated hemoglobin, serum glucose and fructosamine concentrations were determined in forty nonobese individuals, twenty with untreated essential hypertension and twenty with normal blood pressure. The results demonstrated a decrease ...

Intraoperative systemic and renal hemodynamics are unpredictable in patients with essential hypertension due to their pharmacologic management, as well as the underlying disease process itself. The purpose of this review is to explore possible mechanisms mediating essential hypertension and describe the ramifications of various therapeutic interventions. Understanding the integrated relationship ...