JMS Component

If you are using Apache ActiveMQ, you should prefer the ActiveMQ component as it has been optimized for ActiveMQ. All of the options and samples on this page are also valid for the ActiveMQ component.

Transacted and caching

See section Transactions and Cache Levels below if you are using transactions with JMS as it can impact performance.

Request/Reply over JMS

Make sure to read the section Request-reply over JMS further below on this page for important notes about request/reply, as Camel offers a number of options to configure for performance, and clustered environments.

This component allows messages to be sent to (or consumed from) a JMS Queue or Topic. It uses Spring's JMS support for declarative transactions, including Spring's JmsTemplate for sending and a MessageListenerContainer for consuming.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their pom.xml for this component:

xmlorg.apache.camelcamel-jmsx.x.x
]]>

URI Format

Where destinationName is a JMS queue or topic name. By default, the destinationName is interpreted as a queue name. For example, to connect to the queue, FOO.BAR use:

You can include the optional queue: prefix, if you prefer:

To connect to a topic, you must include the topic: prefix. For example, to connect to the topic, Stocks.Prices, use:

You append query options to the URI using the following format: ?option=value&option=value&...

Notes

Using ActiveMQ

The JMS component reuses Spring 2's JmsTemplate for sending messages. This is not ideal for use in a non-J2EE container and typically requires some caching in the JMS provider to avoid poor performance.

If you intend to use Apache ActiveMQ as your Message Broker - which is a good choice as ActiveMQ rocks , then we recommend that you either:

Use the ActiveMQ component, which is already optimized to use ActiveMQ efficiently

Use the PoolingConnectionFactory in ActiveMQ

Transactions and Cache Levels

transactionCacheLevels If you are consuming messages and using transactions (transacted=true) then the default cache level can negatively impact performance. If you are using XA transactions then you cannot cache as it can cause the XA transaction to not work properly.

If you are not using XA, then you should consider caching as it speeds up performance, such as setting cacheLevelName=CACHE_CONSUMER. Through Camel 2.7.x, the default setting for cacheLevelName is CACHE_CONSUMER. You will need to explicitly set cacheLevelName=CACHE_NONE. In Camel 2.8 onward, the default setting for cacheLevelName is CACHE_AUTO. This default auto detects the mode and sets the cache level accordingly to:

CACHE_CONSUMER when transacted=false

CACHE_NONE when transacted=true

So you can say the default setting is conservative. Consider using cacheLevelName=CACHE_CONSUMER if you are using non-XA transactions.

Durable Subscriptions

If you wish to use durable topic subscriptions, you need to specify both clientId and durableSubscriptionName. The value of theclientId must be unique and can only be used by a single JMS connection instance in your entire network. You may prefer to use Virtual Topics instead to avoid this limitation. More background on durable messaging here.

Message Header Mapping

When using message headers, the JMS specification states that header names must be valid Java identifiers. So try to name your headers to be valid Java identifiers. One benefit of doing this is that you can then use your headers inside a JMS Selector (whose SQL92 syntax mandates Java identifier syntax for headers).

A simple strategy for mapping header names is used by default. The strategy is to replace any dots and hyphens in the header name as shown below and to reverse the replacement when the header name is restored from a JMS message sent over the wire. What does this mean? No more losing method names to invoke on a bean component, no more losing the filename header for the File Component, and so on.

The current header name strategy for accepting header names in Camel is:

Dots are replaced by _DOT_ and the replacement is reversed when Camel consume the message

Hyphen is replaced by _HYPHEN_ and the replacement is reversed when Camel consumes the message

Configuration Options

You can configure many different properties on the JMS endpoint which map to properties on the JMSConfiguration POJO.

Mapping to Spring JMS

Many of these properties map to properties on Spring JMS, which Camel uses for sending and receiving messages. Therefore for more information about these properties consult the Spring documentation.

The options are divided into two tables, the first one contains the most common options. The second table contains the less common and more advanced options.

Common Options

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Option

Default Value

Description

clientId

null

Sets the JMS client ID to use. Note that this value, if specified, must be unique and can only be used by a single JMS connection instance. It is typically only required for durable topic subscriptions. You may prefer to use Virtual Topics instead.

concurrentConsumers

1

Specifies the default number of concurrent consumers.

From Camel 2.10.3: this option can also be used when doing request/reply over JMS.

From Camel 2.16: there is a new replyToConcurrentConsumers.

See the maxMessagesPerTask option to control dynamic scaling up/down of threads.

When using ActiveMQ beware that the default prefetch policy loads 1000 messages per consumer. See What is the prefetch limit on how to change this.

disableReplyTo

false

When true, a producer will behave like a InOnly exchange with the exception that JMSReplyTo header is sent out and not be suppressed like in the case of InOnly. Like InOnly the producer will not wait for a reply. A consumer with this flag will behave like InOnly. This feature can be used to bridge InOut requests to another queue so that a route on the other queue will send it´s response directly back to the original JMSReplyTo.

durableSubscriptionName

null

The durable subscriber name for specifying durable topic subscriptions. The clientId option must be configured as well.

maxConcurrentConsumers

1

Specifies the maximum number of concurrent consumers.

From Camel 2.10.3: this option can also be used when doing request/reply over JMS.

From Camel 2.16: there is a new replyToMaxConcurrentConsumers.

See also the maxMessagesPerTask option to control dynamic scaling up/down of threads.

The maxMessagesPerTask option must be set to an integer greater than 0 for threads to scale down. Otherwise, the number of threads will remain at maxConcurrentConsumers until shutdown.

maxMessagesPerTask

-1

The number of messages a task can receive after which it's terminated. The default, -1, is unlimited.

If you use a range for concurrent consumers e.g., concurrentConsumers<maxConcurrentConsumers then this option can be used to set a value to e.g., 100 to control how fast the consumers will shrink when less work is required.

preserveMessageQos

false

Set to true, if you want to send message using the QoS settings specified on the message, instead of the QoS settings on the JMS endpoint. The following headers are considered:

JMSPriority

JMSDeliveryMode

JMSExpiration.

You can provide some or all of them.

If not provided, Camel will fall back to use the values from the endpoint instead. So, when using this option, the headers override the values from the endpoint.

The explicitQosEnabled option, by contrast, will only use options set on the endpoint, and not values from the message header.

replyTo

null

Provides an explicit ReplyTo destination, which overrides any incoming value of Message.getJMSReplyTo().

If you do Request Reply over JMS then make sure to read the section Request-reply over JMS further below for more details, and the replyToType option as well.

replyToConcurrentConsumers

1

Camel 2.16: Specifies the default number of concurrent consumers when doing request/reply over JMS.

replyToMaxConcurrentConsumers

1

Camel 2.16: Specifies the maximum number of concurrent consumers when doing request/reply over JMS.

See the maxMessagesPerTask option to control dynamic scaling up/down of threads.

replyToOnTimeoutMaxConcurrentConsumers

1

Camel 2.17.2: Specifies the maximum number of concurrent consumers for continue routing when timeout occurred when using request/reply over JMS.

replyToOverride

null

Camel 2.15: Provides an explicit ReplyTo destination in the JMS message, which overrides the setting of ReplyTo. It is useful if you want to forward the message to a remote Queue and receive the reply message from the ReplyTo destination.

replyToType

null

Camel 2.9: Allows for explicitly specifying which kind of strategy to use for replyTo queues when doing request/reply over JMS. Possible values are:

Temporary

Shared

Exclusive

By default Camel will use Temporary queues.

However if replyTo has been configured, then Shared is used by default. This option allows you to use exclusive queues instead of shared queues.

For more details see below, and especially the notes about the implications if running in a clustered environment, and the fact that Shared reply queues has lower performance than its alternatives Temporary and Exclusive.

requestTimeout

20000

Producer only: The timeout for waiting for a reply when using the InOutExchange Pattern (in milliseconds).

From Camel 2.13/2.12.3: you can include the header CamelJmsRequestTimeout to override this endpoint configured timeout value, and thus have per message individual timeout values.

See below in section About time to live for more details. See also the requestTimeoutCheckerInterval option.

selector

null

Sets the JMS Selector, which is an SQL 92 predicate that is used to filter messages within the broker. You may have to encode special characters like '=' as %3D.

Before Camel 2.3.0: this option was not supported in CamelConsumerTemplate.

timeToLive

null

When sending messages, specifies the time-to-live of the message (in milliseconds).

See below in section About time to live for more details.

transacted

false

Specifies whether to use transacted mode for sending/receiving messages using the InOnlyExchange Pattern.

testConnectionOnStartup

false

Camel 2.1: Specifies whether to test the connection on startup. This ensures that when Camel starts that all the JMS consumers have a valid connection to the JMS broker. If a connection cannot be granted then Camel throws an exception on startup. This ensures that Camel is not started with failed connections.

From Camel 2.8: also the JMS producers is tested as well.

Advanced Options

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Option

Default Value

Description

acceptMessagesWhileStopping

false

Specifies whether the consumer accept messages while it is stopping.

You may consider enabling this option, if you start and stop JMS routes at run-time, while there are still messages enqueued on the queue. If this option is false, and you stop the JMS route, then messages may be rejected, and the JMS broker would have to attempt re-deliveries, which yet again may be rejected, and eventually the message may be moved at a dead letter queue on the JMS broker. To avoid this scenario it's recommended this option be set to true.

acknowledgementModeName

AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE

The JMS acknowledgement name, which is one of:

SESSION_TRANSACTED

CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE

AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE

DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE.

acknowledgementMode

-1

The JMS acknowledgement mode defined as an Integer. Allows you to set vendor-specific extensions to the acknowledgment mode. For the regular modes, it is preferable to use the acknowledgementModeName instead.

allowNullBody

true

Camel 2.9.3/2.10.1: Whether to allow sending messages with no body. If this option is false and the message body is null, then an JMSException is thrown.

allowReplyManagerQuickStop

false

Whether the DefaultMessageListenerContainer used in the reply managers for request-reply messaging allow the DefaultMessageListenerContainer.runningAllowed flag to quick stop in case link JmsConfigurationisAcceptMessagesWhileStopping() is enabled and CamelContext is currently being stopped. This quick stop ability is enabled by default in the regular JMS consumers but to enable for reply managers you must enable this flag.

alwaysCopyMessage

false

If true, Camel will always make a JMS message copy of the message when it is passed to the producer for sending. Copying the message is needed in some situations, such as when a replyToDestinationSelectorName is set.

Camel will set the alwaysCopyMessage=true, if a replyToDestinationSelectorName is set.

asyncConsumer

false

Camel 2.9: Whether the JmsConsumer processes the Exchangeasynchronously. If enabled then the JmsConsumer may pickup the next message from the JMS queue, while the previous message is being processed asynchronously (by the Asynchronous Routing Engine). This means that messages may be processed not 100% strictly in order. If disabled (as default) then the Exchange is fully processed before the JmsConsumer will pickup the next message from the JMS queue.

Note: if transacted has been enabled, then asyncConsumer=true does not run asynchronously, as transactions must be executed synchronously (Camel 3.0 may support asynchronous transactions).

asyncStartListener

false

Camel 2.10: Whether to startup the JmsConsumer message listener asynchronously, when starting a route. For example if a JmsConsumer cannot get a connection to a remote JMS broker, then it may block while retrying and/or failover. This will cause Camel to block while starting routes. By setting this option to true, you will let routes startup, while the JmsConsumer connects to the JMS broker using a dedicated thread in asynchronous mode. If this option is used, then beware that if the connection could not be established, then an exception is logged at WARN level, and the consumer will not be able to receive messages. You can then restart the route to retry.

The default JMS connection factory to use for the listenerConnectionFactory and templateConnectionFactory, if neither is specified.

consumerType

Default

The Spring JMS listener type to use. A valid value is one of: Simple, Default or Custom.

consumerType

Spring JMS Listener Type

Default

org.springframework.jms.listener.DefaultMessageListenerContainer

Simple

org.springframework.jms.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer

Custom

From Camel 2.10.2: The MessageListenerContainerFactory defined by the messageListenerContainerFactoryRef option which will determine what org.springframework.jms.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer to use.

This option was temporarily removed in Camel 2.7 and 2.8 but was re-added in Camel 2.9.

defaultTaskExecutorType

SimpleAsync

Camel 2.10.4: Specifies what default TaskExecutor type to use in the DefaultMessageListenerContainer, for both consumer endpoints and the ReplyTo consumer of producer endpoints. Possible values: SimpleAsync (uses Spring's SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor) or ThreadPool (uses Spring's ThreadPoolTaskExecutor with optimal values - cached threadpool-like).

If not set, it defaults to the previous behavior, which uses a cached thread pool for consumer endpoints and SimpleAsync for reply consumers.

The use of ThreadPool is recommended to reduce "thread trash" in elastic configurations with dynamically increasing and decreasing concurrent consumers.

deliveryMode

null

Camel 2.12.2/2.13: Specifies the delivery mode to be used. Possibles values are those defined by javax.jms.DeliveryMode.

deliveryPersistent

true

Specifies whether persistent delivery is used by default.

destination

null

Specifies the JMS Destination object to use on this endpoint.

destinationName

null

Specifies the JMS destination name to use on this endpoint.

destinationResolver

null

A pluggable org.springframework.jms.support.destination.DestinationResolver that allows you to use your own resolver (for example, to lookup the real destination in a JNDI registry).

disableTimeToLive

false

Camel 2.8: Use this option to force disabling time to live. For example when you do request/reply over JMS, then Camel will by default use the requestTimeout value as time to live on the message being sent. The problem is that the sender and receiver systems have to have their clocks synchronized, so they are in sync. This is not always so easy to archive. So you can use disableTimeToLive=true to not set a time to live value on the sent message. Then the message will not expire on the receiver system.

See below in section About time to live for more details.

eagerLoadingOfProperties

false

Enables eager loading of JMS properties as soon as a message is received, which is generally inefficient, because the JMS properties might not be required. But this feature can sometimes catch early any issues with the underlying JMS provider and the use of JMS properties. This feature can also be used for testing purposes, to ensure JMS properties can be understood and handled correctly.

errorHandler

null

Camel 2.8.2, 2.9: Specifies a org.springframework.util.ErrorHandler to be invoked in case of any uncaught exceptions thrown while processing a Message.

By default these exceptions will be logged at the WARN level, if no errorHandler has been configured.

From Camel 2.9.1: you can configure logging level and whether stack traces should be logged using the below two options. This makes it much easier to configure, than having to code a custom errorHandler.

errorHandlerLoggingLevel

WARN

Camel 2.9.1: Configures the logging level at which the errorHandler will log uncaught exceptions.

errorHandlerLogStackTrace

true

Camel 2.9.1: Controls whether a stacktrace should be logged by the default errorHandler.

exceptionListener

null

Specifies the JMS Exception Listener that is to be notified of any underlying JMS exceptions.

explicitQosEnabled

false

Set if the deliveryMode, priority or timeToLive qualities of service should be used when sending messages. This option is based on Spring's JmsTemplate. The deliveryMode, priority and timeToLive options are applied to the current endpoint. This contrasts with the preserveMessageQos option, which operates at message granularity, reading QoS properties exclusively from the Camel In message headers.

exposeListenerSession

true

Specifies whether the listener session should be exposed when consuming messages.

forceSendOriginalMessage

false

Camel 2.7: When using mapJmsMessage=false Camel will create a new JMS message to send to a new JMS destination if you touch the headers (get or set) during the route. Set this option to true to force Camel to send the original JMS message that was received.

idleConsumerLimit

1

Camel 2.8.2, 2.9: Specify the limit for the number of consumers that are allowed to be idle at any given time.

idleTaskExecutionLimit

1

Specifies the limit for idle executions of a receive task, not having received any message within its execution. If this limit is reached, the task will shut down and leave receiving to other executing tasks (in the case of dynamic scheduling; see the maxConcurrentConsumers setting). There is additional doc available from Spring.

includeSentJMSMessageID

false

Camel 2.10.3: Only applicable when sending to JMS destination using InOnly, e.g., fire and forget. Enabling this option will enrich the Camel Exchange with the actual JMSMessageID that was used by the JMS client when the message was sent to the JMS destination.

includeAllJMSXProperties

false

Camel 2.11.2/2.12: Whether to include all JMSXxxx properties when mapping from JMS to Camel Message. When set to true properties such as JMSXAppID, and JMSXUserID etc will be included.

Note: If you are using a custom headerFilterStrategy then this option does not apply.

jmsKeyFormatStrategy

default

Pluggable strategy for encoding and decoding JMS keys so they can be compliant with the JMS specification.

Strategy

Description

default

Safely marshals dots and hyphens, '.' and '-'.

passthrough

Leaves the key as is. Appropriate for use with any JMS broker that tolerates JMS header keys containing illegal characters.

Note: optionally, a custom implementation can be provided of a org.apache.camel.component.jms.JmsKeyFormatStrategy and referred to using the # notation.

jmsMessageType

null

Allows you to force the use of a specific javax.jms.Message implementation for sending JMS messages. Possible values are:

Bytes

Map

Object

Stream

Text

By default Camel determines which JMS message type to use for the In body type. This option will override the default behavior.

jmsOperations

null

Allows you to use your own implementation of the org.springframework.jms.core.JmsOperations interface. Camel uses JmsTemplate by default. Can be used for testing purpose, but not used much as stated in the spring API docs.

lazyCreateTransactionManager

true

If true, Camel will create a JmsTransactionManager, if there is no transactionManager injected when option transacted=true.

listenerConnectionFactory

null

The JMS connection factory used for consuming messages.

mapJmsMessage

true

Specifies whether Camel should auto map the received JMS message to an appropriate payload type, such as javax.jms.TextMessage to a java.lang.String etc. See below for more details on how message type mapping works.

maximumBrowseSize

-1

Limits the number of messages fetched at most, when browsing endpoints using Browse or JMX API.

messageConverter

null

To use a custom Spring org.springframework.jms.support.converter.MessageConverter so you can be 100% in control how to map to/from a javax.jms.Message.

messageIdEnabled

true

When sending, specifies whether message IDs should be added.

messageListenerContainerFactoryRef

null

Camel 2.10.2: Registry ID of the MessageListenerContainerFactory used to determine what org.springframework.jms.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer to use to consume messages.

Setting this will automatically set consumerType to Custom.

messageTimestampEnabled

true

Specifies whether time-stamps should be enabled by default on sending messages.

password

null

The password for the connector factory.

priority

4

Values greater than 1 specify the message priority when sending (where 0 is the lowest priority and 9 is the highest). The explicitQosEnabled option must also be enabled in order for this option to have any effect.

pubSubNoLocal

false

Specifies whether to inhibit the delivery of messages published by its own connection.

receiveTimeout

1000

The timeout for receiving messages (in milliseconds).

recoveryInterval

5000

Specifies the interval between recovery attempts, e.g., when a connection is being refreshed, in milliseconds. The default is 5000 ms.

replyToSameDestinationAllowed

false

Camel 2.16:Consumer only: Whether a JMS consumer is allowed to send a reply message to the same destination that the consumer is using to consume from. This prevents an endless loop by consuming and sending back the same message to itself.

replyToCacheLevelName

CACHE_CONSUMER

Camel 2.9.1: Sets the cache level by name for the reply consumer when doing request/reply over JMS. This option only applies when using fixed reply queues (not temporary). Camel will by default use: CACHE_CONSUMER for exclusive or shared w/replyToSelectorName and CACHE_SESSION for shared without replyToSelectorName. Some JMS brokers such as IBM WebSphere may require this parameter to be set to CACHE_NONE in order to work.

Note: The value CACHE_NONE cannot be used with temporary queues. A higher value, such as CACHE_CONSUMER or CACHE_SESSION, must be used.

replyToDestinationSelectorName

null

Sets the JMS Selector using the fixed name to be used so you can filter out your own replies from the others when using a shared queue (that is, if you are not using a temporary reply queue).

replyToDeliveryPersistent

true

Specifies whether to use persistent delivery by default for replies.

requestTimeoutCheckerInterval

1000

Camel 2.9.2: Configures how often Camel should check for timed out Exchanges when doing request/reply over JMS. By default Camel checks once per second. But if you must react faster when a timeout occurs, then you can lower this interval, to check more frequently. The timeout is determined by the option requestTimeout.

subscriptionDurable

false

@deprecated: Enabled by default, if you specify a durableSubscriptionName and a clientId.

taskExecutor

null

Allows you to specify a custom task executor for consuming messages.

taskExecutorSpring2

null

Camel 2.6: To use when using Spring 2.x with Camel. Allows you to specify a custom task executor for consuming messages.

The timeout value of the transaction (in seconds), if using transacted mode.

transferException

false

If enabled and you are using Request Reply messaging (InOut) and an Exchange failed on the consumer side, then the caused Exception will be send back in response as a javax.jms.ObjectMessage. If the client is Camel, the returned Exception is re-thrown. This allows you to use Camel JMS as a bridge in your routing - for example, using persistent queues to enable robust routing. Notice that if you also have transferExchange enabled, this option takes precedence. The caught exception is required to be serializable. The original Exception on the consumer side can be wrapped in an outer exception such as org.apache.camel.RuntimeCamelException when returned to the producer.

transferExchange

false

You can transfer the exchange over the wire instead of just the body and headers. The following fields are transferred: In body, Out body, Fault body, In headers, Out headers, Fault headers, exchange properties, exchange exception. This requires that the objects are serializable. Camel will exclude any non-serializable objects and log it at WARN level.

You must enable this option on both the producer and the consumer side, so Camel will know that the payload is an Exchange and not a regular payload.

transferFault

false

Camel 2.17: If enabled and you are using Request Reply messaging (InOut) and an Exchange failed with a SOAP fault (not exception) on the consumer side, then the fault flag on org.apache.camel.Message.isFault() will be send back in the response as a JMS header with the key JmsConstants.JMS_TRANSFER_FAULT. If the client is Camel, the returned fault flag will be set on the org.apache.camel.Message.setFault(boolean).

You may want to enable this when using Camel components that support faults such as SOAP based such as CXF or spring-ws.

username

null

The username for the connector factory.

useMessageIDAsCorrelationID

false

Specifies whether JMSMessageID should always be used as JMSCorrelationID for InOut messages.

useVersion102

false

@deprecated (removed from Camel 2.5 onward) Specifies whether the old JMS API should be used.

Message Mapping Between JMS and Camel

Camel automatically maps messages between javax.jms.Message and org.apache.camel.Message. When sending a JMS message, Camel converts the message body to the following JMS message types:

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Body Type

JMS Message

Comment

byte[]

javax.jms.BytesMessage

java.io.File

javax.jms.BytesMessage

java.io.InputStream

javax.jms.BytesMessage

java.io.Reader

javax.jms.BytesMessage

java.io.Serializable

javax.jms.ObjectMessage

java.nio.ByteBuffer

javax.jms.BytesMessage

Map

javax.jms.MapMessage

org.w3c.dom.Node

javax.jms.TextMessage

The DOM will be converted to String.

String

javax.jms.TextMessage

When receiving a JMS message, Camel converts the JMS message to the following body type:

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JMS Message

Body Type

javax.jms.BytesMessage

byte[]

javax.jms.MapMessage

Map<String, Object>

javax.jms.ObjectMessage

Object

javax.jms.TextMessage

String

Disabling Auto-Mapping of JMS Messages

You can use the mapJmsMessage option to disable the auto-mapping above. If disabled, Camel will not try to map the received JMS message, but instead uses it directly as the payload. This allows you to avoid the overhead of mapping and let Camel just pass through the JMS message. For instance, it even allows you to route javax.jms.ObjectMessage JMS messages with classes you do not have on the classpath.

Using a custom MessageConverter

You can use the messageConverter option to do the mapping yourself in a Spring org.springframework.jms.support.converter.MessageConverter class.

For example, in the route below we use a custom message converter when sending a message to the JMS order queue:

java

You can also use a custom message converter when consuming from a JMS destination.

Controlling the Mapping Strategy Selected

You can use the jmsMessageType option on the endpoint URL to force a specific message type for all messages. In the route below, we poll files from a folder and send them as javax.jms.TextMessage as we have forced the JMS producer endpoint to use text messages:

java

You can also specify the message type to use for each message by setting the header with the key CamelJmsMessageType. For example:

java

The possible values are defined in the enum class org.apache.camel.jms.JmsMessageType.

Message Format When Sending

An exchange sent via JMS must conform to the JMS Message spec. Camel therefore applies various translation and validation rules to both key names and key values of exchange.in.headers.

The following rules are applied to the key names of exchange.in.headers:

Keys starting with JMS or JMSX are reserved.

Key names must be literals or valid Java identifiers.

Dot and hyphen characters are replaced (and the reverse when consuming) as follows:

The character '.' is replaced with the sequence _DOT_. The reverse replacement is applied when Camel consumes a message.

The character '-' is replaced with the sequence _HYPHEN_. The reverse replacement is applied when Camel consumes a message.

The option jmsKeyFormatStrategy can be used to specify a custom key formatting strategy.

The following rules are applied to the key values of exchange.in.headers:

Values must be either a primitive type or of its corresponding Java object type, e.g., Integer, Long or Character.

The types String, CharSequence, Date, BigDecimal and BigInteger are all converted to their string representation.

All other types will result in the key value being discarded.

If a header value is discarded Camel will log the incident using logging category org.apache.camel.component.jms.JmsBinding at the DEBUG logging level. For example:

text

Message Format When Receiving

Camel adds the following properties to the Exchange when it receives a message:

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Property

Type

Description

org.apache.camel.jms.replyDestination

javax.jms.Destination

The reply destination.

Camel adds the following JMS properties to the In message headers when it receives a JMS message:

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Header

Type

Description

JMSCorrelationID

String

The JMS correlation ID.

JMSDeliveryMode

int

The JMS delivery mode.

JMSDestination

javax.jms.Destination

The JMS destination.

JMSExpiration

long

The JMS expiration.

JMSMessageID

String

The JMS unique message ID.

JMSPriority

int

The JMS priority (with 0 as the lowest priority and 9 as the highest).

JMSRedelivered

boolean

Is the JMS message redelivered.

JMSReplyTo

javax.jms.Destination

The JMS reply-to destination.

JMSTimestamp

long

The JMS timestamp.

JMSType

String

The JMS type.

JMSXGroupID

String

The JMS group ID.

As all the above information is standard JMS you can check the JMS documentation for further details.

Using Camel to Send and Receive Messages Using JMSReplyTo

The JMS component is complex and you have to pay close attention to how it works in some cases. So this is a short summary of some of the areas/pitfalls to look for.

When Camel sends a message using its JMSProducer it checks the following conditions:

Whether a JMSReplyTo was set in the endpoint or in the message headers

Whether any of the following options have been set on the JMS endpoint: disableReplyTo, preserveMessageQos or explicitQosEnabled.

All this can be a tad complex to understand and configure to support your use case.

JmsProducer

The JmsProducer behaves as follows, depending on configuration:

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Exchange Pattern

Other options

Description

InOut

-

Camel will expect a reply, set a temporary JMSReplyTo, and after sending the message, it will start to listen for the reply message on the temporary queue.

InOut

JMSReplyTo is set

Camel will expect a reply and, after sending the message, it will start to listen for the reply message on the specified JMSReplyTo queue.

InOnly

-

Camel will send the message and not expect a reply.

InOnly

JMSReplyTo is set

By default, Camel discards the JMSReplyTo destination and clears the JMSReplyTo header before sending the message. Camel then sends the message and does not expect a reply. Camel logs this in the log at WARN level (changed to DEBUG level from Camel 2.6 on). You can use preserveMessageQuo=true to instruct Camel to keep the JMSReplyTo.

In all situations the JmsProducer does not expect any reply and thus continue after sending the message.

JmsConsumer

The JmsConsumer behaves as follows, depending on configuration:

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Exchange Pattern

Other options

Description

InOut

-

Camel will send the reply back to the JMSReplyTo queue.

InOnly

-

Camel will not send a reply back, as the pattern is InOnly.

-

disableReplyTo=true

This option suppresses replies.

So pay attention to the message exchange pattern set on your exchanges.

If you send a message to a JMS destination in the middle of your route you can specify the exchange pattern to use, see more at Request Reply. This is useful if you want to send an InOnly message to a JMS topic:

java

Computing the Destination at Runtime

If you need to send messages to a lot of different JMS destinations, it makes sense to reuse a JMS endpoint and specify the real destination in a message header. This allows Camel to reuse the same endpoint, but send to different destinations. This greatly reduces the number of endpoints created and economizes on memory and thread resources.

You can specify the destination in the following headers:

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Header

Type

Description

CamelJmsDestination

javax.jms.Destination

A destination object.

CamelJmsDestinationName

String

The destination name.

For example, the following route shows how you can compute a destination at run time and use it to override the destination appearing in the JMS URL:

java

The queue name, dummy, is just a placeholder. It must be provided as part of the JMS endpoint URL, but it will be ignored in this example.

In the computeDestination bean, specify the real destination by setting the CamelJmsDestinationName header as follows:

java

Then Camel will read this header and use it as the destination instead of the one configured on the endpoint. So, in this example Camel sends the message to activemq:queue:order:2, assuming the id value was 2.

If both the CamelJmsDestination and the CamelJmsDestinationName headers are set CamelJmsDestination will take priority. Note that the JMS producer removes both CamelJmsDestination and CamelJmsDestinationName headers from the exchange and does not propagate them to the created JMS message. This prevents accidental routing loops in scenarios where a message is forwarded to another JMS endpoint.

Configuring Different JMS Providers

An unlimited number of JMS component instance can be created provided each has a unique value for itsidattribute. The preceding example configures an activemq component. You could do the same to configure MQSeries, TibCo, BEA, Sonic etc.

Once named a JMS component can be referenced from an endpoint's URI. For example, given the component name activemq a URI can reference the component using the format activemq:[queue:|topic:]destinationName. The same approach applies to all JMS providers. This is achieved by the SpringCamelContext lazily fetching components from the spring context for the scheme name referenced in the EndpointURIs then having the Component resolve the endpoint URI itself.

Using JNDI to Find the Connection Factory

If you are using a J2EE container, you might need to look up JNDI to find the JMS connectionFactory rather than use the usual <bean> mechanism in Spring. You can do this using Spring's factory bean or the new Spring XML namespace. For example:

xml
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See The jee schema in the Spring reference documentation for more details about JNDI lookup.

Concurrent Consuming

A common requirement with JMS is to consume messages concurrently in multiple threads in order to make an application more responsive. You can set the concurrentConsumers option to specify the number of threads servicing the JMS endpoint, as follows:

java

You can configure this option in one of the following ways:

On the JmsComponent

On the endpoint URI

By invoking setConcurrentConsumers() directly on the JmsEndpoint.

Concurrent Consuming with asyncConsumer

Notice that each concurrent consumer will only pickup the next available message from the JMS broker, when the current message has been fully processed. You can set the option asyncConsumer=true to let the consumer pickup the next message from the JMS queue, while the previous message is being processed asynchronously (by the Asynchronous Routing Engine). See more details in the table on top of the page about the asyncConsumer option.

java

Request-Reply over JMS

Camel supports Request Reply over JMS. In essence the MEP of the Exchange should be InOut when you send a message to a JMS queue.

Camel offers a number of options to configure request/reply over JMS that influence performance and clustered environments. The table below summaries the options.

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Option

Performance

Cluster

Description

Temporary

Fast

Yes

A temporary queue is used as reply queue, and automatic created by Camel. To use this do not specify a replyTo queue name. And you can optionally configure replyToType=Temporary to make it stand out that temporary queues are in use.

Shared

Slow

Yes

A shared persistent queue is used as reply queue. The queue must be created beforehand, although some brokers can create them on the fly such as Apache ActiveMQ. To use this you must specify the replyTo queue name. And you can optionally configure replyToType=Shared to make it stand out that shared queues are in use. A shared queue can be used in a clustered environment with multiple nodes running this Camel application at the same time. All using the same shared reply queue. This is possible because JMS Message selectors are used to correlate expected reply messages; this impacts performance though. JMS Message selectors is slower, and therefore not as fast as Temporary or Exclusive queues. See further below how to tweak this for better performance.

Exclusive

Fast

No (*Yes)

An exclusive persistent queue is used as reply queue. The queue must be created beforehand, although some brokers can create them on the fly such as Apache ActiveMQ. To use this you must specify the replyTo queue name. And you must configure replyToType=Exclusive to instruct Camel to use exclusive queues, as Shared is used by default, if a replyTo queue name was configured. When using exclusive reply queues, then JMS Message selectors are not in use, and therefore other applications must not use this queue as well. An exclusive queue cannot be used in a clustered environment with multiple nodes running this Camel application at the same time; as we do not have control if the reply queue comes back to the same node that sent the request message; that is why shared queues use JMS Message selectors to make sure of this. Though if you configure each Exclusive reply queue with an unique name per node, then you can run this in a clustered environment. As then the reply message will be sent back to that queue for the given node, that awaits the reply message.

concurrentConsumers

Fast

Yes

Camel 2.10.3: Allows to process reply messages concurrently using concurrent message listeners in use. You can specify a range using the concurrentConsumers and maxConcurrentConsumers options.

Note: That using Shared reply queues may not work as well with concurrent listeners, so use this option with care.

maxConcurrentConsumers

Fast

Yes

Camel 2.10.3: Allows to process reply messages concurrently using concurrent message listeners in use. You can specify a range using the concurrentConsumers and maxConcurrentConsumers options.

Note: That using Shared reply queues may not work as well with concurrent listeners, so use this option with care.

The JmsProducer detects the InOut and provides a JMSReplyTo header with the reply destination to be used. By default Camel uses a temporary queue, but you can use the replyTo option on the endpoint to specify a fixed reply queue (see more below about fixed reply queue).

Camel will automatic setup a consumer which listen on the reply queue, so you should not do anything. This consumer is a Spring DefaultMessageListenerContainer which listen for replies. However it's fixed to 1 concurrent consumer. That means replies will be processed in sequence as there are only 1 thread to process the replies. If you want to process replies faster, then we need to use concurrency. But not using the concurrentConsumer option. We should use the threads from the Camel DSL instead, as shown in the route below:

Instead of using threads, then use concurrentConsumers option if using Camel 2.10.3 or greater. See below for details.

java

In this route we instruct Camel to route replies asynchronously using a thread pool with 5 threads.

From Camel 2.10.3: you can now configure the listener to use concurrent threads using the concurrentConsumers and maxConcurrentConsumers options. This allows you to easier configure this in Camel as shown below:

java

Request-Reply over JMS Using a Shared Fixed Reply Queue

If you use a fixed reply queue when doing Request Reply over JMS as shown in the example below, then pay attention.

In this example the fixed reply queue named "bar" is used. By default Camel assumes the queue is shared when using fixed reply queues, and therefore it uses a JMSSelector to only pickup the expected reply messages (eg based on the JMSCorrelationID). See next section for exclusive fixed reply queues. That means its not as fast as temporary queues. You can speedup how often Camel will pull for reply messages using the receiveTimeout option. By default its 1000ms. So to make it faster you can set it to 250ms to pull 4 times per second as shown:

java

Notice this will cause the Camel to send pull requests to the message broker more frequent, and thus require more network traffic. It's generally recommended that temporary queues be used where possible.

Request-Reply over JMS Using an Exclusive Fixed Reply Queue

Available as of Camel 2.9

In the previous example, Camel would anticipate the fixed reply queue named bar was shared, and thus it uses a JMSSelector to only consume reply messages which it expects. However there is a drawback doing this as JMS selectos is slower. Also the consumer on the reply queue is slower to update with new JMS selector ids. In fact it only updates when the receiveTimeout option times out, which by default is 1 second. So in theory the reply messages could take up till about 1 sec to be detected. On the other hand if the fixed reply queue is exclusive to the Camel reply consumer, then we can avoid using the JMS selectors, and thus be more performant. In fact as fast as using temporary queues. So in Camel 2.9 onward we introduced the ReplyToType option which you can configure to Exclusive to tell Camel that the reply queue is exclusive as shown in the example below:

java

Mind that the queue must be exclusive to each and every endpoint. So if you have two routes, then they each need an unique reply queue as shown in the next example:

java

The same applies if you run in a clustered environment. Then each node in the cluster must use an unique reply queue name. As otherwise each node in the cluster may pickup messages which was intended as a reply on another node. For clustered environments its recommended to use shared reply queues instead.

Synchronizing Clocks Between Senders and Receivers

When doing messaging between systems, its desirable that the systems have synchronized clocks. For example when sending a JMS message, then you can set a time to live value on the message. Then the receiver can inspect this value, and determine if the message is already expired, and thus drop the message instead of consume and process it. However this requires that both sender and receiver have synchronized clocks. If you are using ActiveMQ then you can use the timestamp plugin to synchronize clocks.

About Time To Live

Read first above about synchronized clocks.

When you do request/reply, InOut, over JMS Camel uses a timeout on the sender side, which is default 20 seconds, taken from the requestTimeout option. You can control this by setting a higher/lower value. However, the time to live value is still set on the JMS message being sent. This therefore requires that system clocks be synchronized between the systems. If they are not, then you may want to disable the time to live value being set. This is now possible using the disableTimeToLive option from Camel 2.8 onward. So if you set this option to disableTimeToLive=true, then Camel does not set any time to live value when sending JMS messages. But the request timeout is still active. So for example if you do request/reply over JMS and have disabled time to live, then Camel will still use a timeout by 20 seconds (the requestTimeout option). That option can of course also be configured. So the two options requestTimeout and disableTimeToLive gives you fine grained control when doing request/reply.

From Camel 2.13/2.12.3: you can provide a header in the message to override and use as the request timeout value instead of the endpoint configured value. For example:

java

In the route above we have a endpoint configured requestTimeout of 30 seconds. So Camel will wait up till 30 seconds for that reply message to come back on the bar queue. If no reply message is received then a org.apache.camel.ExchangeTimedOutException is set on the Exchange and Camel continues routing the message, which would then fail due the exception, and Camel's error handler reacts.

If you want to use a per message timeout value, you can set the header with key org.apache.camel.component.jms.JmsConstants#JMS_REQUEST_TIMEOUT which has constant value CamelJmsRequestTimeout with a timeout value as long type.

For example we can use a bean to compute the timeout value per individual message, such as calling the "whatIsTheTimeout" method on the service bean as shown below:

java

When you do fire and forget (InOut) over JMS Camel will, by default, not set a time to live value on the message. The value can be configured using the timeToLive option. For example to indicate a 5 sec., you set timeToLive=5000. The option disableTimeToLive can be used to force disabling the time to live, also for InOnly messaging. The requestTimeout option is not being used for InOnly messaging.

Enabling Transacted Consumption

transactedConsumption

A common requirement is to consume from a queue in a transaction and then process the message using the Camel route. To do this, just ensure that you set the following properties on the component/endpoint:

When using Request Reply over JMS you cannot use a single transaction; JMS will not send any messages until a commit is performed, so the server side won't receive anything at all until the transaction commits. Therefore to use Request Reply you must commit a transaction after sending the request and then use a separate transaction for receiving the response.

To address this issue the JMS component uses different properties to specify transaction use for oneway messaging and request reply messaging:

The transacted property applies only to the InOnly message Exchange Pattern (MEP).

The benefit of doing so is that the cacheLevel setting will be honored when using local transactions without a configured TransactionManager. When a TransactionManager is configured, no caching happens at DMLC level and its necessary to rely on a pooled connection factory. For more details about this kind of setup see here and here.

Using JMSReplyTo For Late Replies

When using Camel as a JMS listener, it sets an Exchange property with the value of the ReplyTo javax.jms.Destination object, having the key ReplyTo. You can obtain this Destination as follows:

java

And then later use it to send a reply using regular JMS or Camel.

java

A different solution to sending a reply is to provide the replyDestination object in the same Exchange property when sending. Camel will then pick up this property and use it for the real destination. The endpoint URI must include a dummy destination, however.

Example:

java

Using a Request Timeout

In the sample below we send a Request Reply style message Exchange (we use the requestBody method = InOut) to the slow queue for further processing in Camel and we wait for a return reply:

Examples

JMS is used in many examples for other components as well. But we provide a few samples below to get started.

Receiving from JMS

In the following sample we configure a route that receives JMS messages and routes the message to a POJO:

java

You can of course use any of the EIP patterns so the route can be context based. For example, here's how to filter an order topic for the big spenders:

java

Sending to JMS

In the sample below we poll a file folder and send the file content to a JMS topic. As we want the content of the file as a TextMessage instead of a BytesMessage, we need to convert the body to a String:

Spring DSL Example

The preceding examples use the Java DSL. Camel also supports Spring XML DSL. Here is the big spender sample using Spring DSL:

xml
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Other Examples

JMS appears in many of the examples for other components and EIP patterns, as well in this Camel documentation. So feel free to browse the documentation. If you have time, check out the this tutorial that uses JMS but focuses on how well Spring Remoting and Camel works together Tutorial-JmsRemoting.

Using JMS as a Dead Letter Queue Storing Exchange

Normally, when using JMS as the transport, it only transfers the body and headers as the payload. If you want to use JMS with a Dead Letter Channel, using a JMS queue as the Dead Letter Queue, then normally the caused Exception is not stored in the JMS message. You can, however, use the transferExchange option on the JMS dead letter queue to instruct Camel to store the entire Exchange in the queue as a javax.jms.ObjectMessage that holds a org.apache.camel.impl.DefaultExchangeHolder. This allows you to consume from the Dead Letter Queue and retrieve the caused exception from the Exchange property with the key Exchange.EXCEPTION_CAUGHT.

Example:

java

Then you can consume from the JMS queue and analyze the problem:

java

Using JMS as a Dead Letter Channel for Storing Error Only

You can use JMS to store the cause error message or to store a custom body, which you can initialize yourself. The following example uses the Message Translator EIP to do a transformation on the failed exchange before it is moved to the JMS dead letter queue:

java

Here we only store the original cause error message in the transform. You can, however, use any Expression to send whatever you like. For example, you can invoke a method on a Bean or use a custom processor.

Sending an InOnly Message and Keeping the JMSReplyTo Header

When sending to a JMS destination using camel-jms the producer will use the MEP to detect if it's InOnly or InOut messaging. However, there can be times where you want to send an InOnly message but keeping the JMSReplyTo header. To do so you have to instruct Camel to keep it, otherwise the JMSReplyTo header will be dropped.

For example to send an InOnly message to the foo queue, but with a JMSReplyTo with bar queue you can do as follows:

java

Note: we use preserveMessageQos=true to instruct Camel to keep the JMSReplyTo header.

Setting JMS Provider Options on the Destination

Some JMS providers, like IBM's WebSphere MQ need options to be set on the JMS destination. For example, you may need to specify the targetClient option. Since targetClient is a WebSphere MQ option and not a Camel URI option, you need to set that on the JMS destination name like so:

java

Some versions of Websphere MQ do not accept this option on the destination name. The following exception is raised when this happens:

com.ibm.msg.client.jms.DetailedJMSException: JMSCC0005: The specified value 'MY_QUEUE?targetClient=1' is not allowed for 'XMSC_DESTINATION_NAME'