Contents

After several years of unsuccessful on-field performances by both clubs, the Association was keen to see an amalgamation between the Preston and Northcote clubs;[1] amalgamations between the two clubs, which represented neighbouring northern suburbs of Melbourne, had been mooted on several occasions since 1908, even before Northcote had joined the Association.[2][3] For the first few years of their amalgamation, the club was formally known as the Northcote and Preston Football Club or Northcote-Preston;[4] but, it played its games in Northcote, and was mostly known as Northcote. The merged entity is usually considered a continuation of the Northcote Football Club.

At the same time, the Association had been keen for many years to field a team in the inner city, an area historically dominated by League clubs. This vision was finally realised in 1912, with the establishment of the Melbourne City Football Club, which played its games at the East Melbourne Cricket Ground.[5]

With these two changes, the size of the Association remained constant at ten teams.

Rule changes

The Association reduced the number of players on the field seventeen-a-side to sixteen-a-side in 1912.[6] The change came only four years after reducing the numbers from eighteen to seventeen in 1908.[7]

The home-and-home season was played over eighteen rounds, with each club playing the others twice; then, the top four clubs contested a finals series under the amended Argus system to determine the premiers for the season.

Dave McNamara (Essendon) set two new Association goalkicking records during the season. On 20 July, he kicked eighteen goals against Melbourne City, setting a new record for most goals in a game.[17] Then he set a new record for most goals in a season, kicking 107 goals in all matches (including finals) to break his own record of 81 goals from 1911. So dominant was McNamara that he kicked more goals than the next best two players combined.[18]

The semi-final between North Melbourne and Brunswick on 24 August finished as a draw, the first ever VFA final to finish as such. A replay was scheduled for two weeks later (the week after the other scheduled semi-final). The replay was also drawn, so another replay was held the following week.

The premiership trophy, which had first been presented in 1910, was awarded permanently to the Essendon (A.) Football Club.[14] The trophy was to be awarded to the first team to win it either three times overall, or twice consecutively.[19]

1.
Western Bulldogs
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The Western Bulldogs is a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League, the sports premier competition. The club has won two VFL/AFL premierships, in 1954 and 2016, and was runner up in 1961, the Western Bulldogs home guernsey features two thick horizontal hoops—one red and one white—on a royal blue background. The clubs traditional rivals include St Kilda and geographical rival Essendon, the clubs headquarters and training facilities are located in Footscray at Whitten Oval, nicknamed The Kennel, its original home ground. In 1996, the changed its name from the Footscray Football Club to its nickname. Newspapers record Australian rules football being played in the Melbourne suburb of Footscray in the mid-1870s, in 1880, the club changed its name to the Prince Imperials in honour of Napoléon, Prince Imperial, the heir to French throne, who had recently died in battle. The club reverted to Footscray a few years later, in 1886, Footscray gained admission to the Victorian Football Association after amalgamating with the Footscray Cricket Club to form a senior football club. The club tended to struggle over the decade, occupying the lower rungs of the VFA ladder. The club began to improve after the VFL breakaway of 1896, as no finals were played, Footscray were declared premiers. The club played in and won its first finals match in 1903, against Richmond, the minor premiers, after losing to West Melbourne in the 1906 VFA Grand Final, the club won its first premiership by defeating Brunswick in 1908. The club entered two years of recess during World War I and returned in 1918, still rebuilding, the club won the wooden spoon. From bottom to top in one year,1919 saw the win the premiership. The club went back-to-back in 1923 and 1924, the 1924 premiership would be Footscrays last in the VFA. Footscray recorded a victory, winning by 28 points. The win was a significant factor in Footscray gaining admission to the VFL. In 1919, there were nine clubs competing in the VFL, due to the return of all the foundation teams plus Richmond after World War I and this caused one team to be idle every Saturday and the VFL was keen to do away with this bye each week. On the night of 9 January 1925, a meeting of the VFL, chaired by Reg Hunt of Carlton. It was decided in the meeting to admit Footscray, along two other VFA clubs, Hawthorn and North Melbourne. Footscray played their first VFL match against Fitzroy on Saturday 2 May at the Brunswick Street Oval in front of 28,000 spectators, future Brownlow medallist Allan Hopkins was regarded as Footscrays best player that day

2.
Victorian Football League
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The Victorian Football League is the major state-level Australian rules football league in Victoria. The league evolved from the former Victorian Football Association, and has been known by its current name since 1996. The VFA was formed in 1877 and is the second-oldest Australian rules football league, initially serving a primarily administrative function, the VFA premiership served as the top level of club competition in Victoria until 1896. The VFA became the level of club competition from 1897 after its eight strongest clubs seceded to form the VFL. From 1897 until 1995, the VFA remained independent from the VFL as Victorias secondary senior club competition and it presently comprises 14 teams from throughout Victoria, eight of which have a continuous VFA heritage. The Victorian Football Association was founded on 17 May 1877 at the meeting of club secretaries immediately preceding the 1877 season. Decisions were made based on a vote of the Board of Management, the five foundation senior clubs in the Melbourne metropolitan area were Albert-park, Carlton, Hotham, Melbourne and St Kilda. There was no system of promotion and relegation between the senior and junior levels, with it largely at a clubs discretion whether or not it joined the Association as a paying senior member. The affiliation fee for senior clubs was initially set at one guinea, through the first decade of the VFAs existence, the structure of the football season did not change significantly from the informal system which had evolved over previous years. Premierships won under this method are now considered official. Three Ballarat-based clubs – Ballarat, Ballarat Imperial and South Ballarat – were also voting members of the VFA through this time, the two new competitions competed in parallel from their respective 1897 seasons. Because the VFA was independent from the VFL, the VFA had the power to set its own rules, the VFA reduced the number of on-field players from twenty to eighteen in 1897, a move followed by the VFL two years later. The VFA tried reducing the number of players further to 17 in 1908, then to 16 in 1912, the VFA went into recess during World War I, with the 1916 and 1917 seasons cancelled and the 1915 and 1918 seasons shortened. Over first thirty years of the VFAs independence, its relationship with the VFL was, in general, the loss of the VFAs strongest three clubs to the VFL in 1925 firmly cemented the VFA as the second tier competition in the state. Between 1925 and 1929, the addition of outer suburban clubs in Coburg, Camberwell, the relationship with the VFL improved, and a new permit reciprocity agreement was established in 1931. In 1938, the VFA made a rule change by legalising throwing of the football in general play. The change helped to speed up the game, and introduced more run-and-carry play in an era which had previously dominated by a long-kicking style. Additionally, the VFA ended its agreement with the VFL

3.
Australian rules football
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The main way to score points is by kicking the oval-shaped ball between the two tall goal posts. The team with the score by the end of the match wins unless a draw is declared. During general play, players may position themselves anywhere on the field, the primary methods are kicking, handballing and running with the ball. There are rules on how the ball can be handled, for example, throwing the ball is not allowed and players must not get caught holding the ball. A distinctive feature of the game is the mark, where players anywhere on the field who catch a ball from a kick are awarded possession, possession of the ball is in dispute at all times except when a free kick or mark is paid. Players can tackle using their hands or use their body to obstruct opponents. The game features frequent physical contests, spectacular marking, fast movement of players and the ball and high scoring. The sports origins can be traced to matches played in Melbourne, Victoria in 1858. Its annual Grand Final is the highest attended club championship event in the world, the sport is also played at amateur level in many countries and in several variations. The games rules are governed by the AFL Commission with the advice of the AFLs Laws of the Game Committee, there is evidence of football being played sporadically in the Australian colonies in the first half of the 19th century. The earliest such match, held in St Kilda on 15 June, was between Melbourne Grammar and St Kilda Grammar. Born in Australia, Wills played a nascent form of rugby football whilst a pupil at Rugby School in England and his letter is regarded by many historians as giving impetus for the development of a new code of football today known as Australian football. Two weeks later, Wills friend, cricketer Jerry Bryant, posted an advertisement for a match at the Richmond Paddock adjoining the Melbourne Cricket Ground. This was the first of several kickabouts held that year involving members of the Melbourne Cricket Club, including Wills, Bryant, W. J. Hammersley, trees were used as goalposts and play typically lasted an entire afternoon. Without an agreed code of laws, some players were guided by rules they had learned in the British Isles. Another significant milestone in 1858 was a match played under experimental rules between Melbourne Grammar and Scotch College, held at the Richmond Paddock. This 40-a-side contest, umpired by Wills and Scotch College teacher John Macadam, began on 7 August and it is commemorated with a statue outside the MCG, and the two schools have competed annually ever since in the Cordner-Eggleston Cup, the worlds oldest continuous football competition. Since the early 20th century, it has suggested that Australian football was derived from the Irish sport of Gaelic football

4.
Northern Blues
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The Northern Blues are affiliated with the Carlton Blues in the AFL, and play their home games at the Preston City Oval and Ikon Park. The club was established in 1882 as the Preston Football Club, the club participated in the VFA between 1903 and 1912, and then since 1926. After World War II, the club was known as the Bullants, the club later became the Northern Bullants. Ahead of the 2012 season, the club adopted the colours and nickname of its AFL-affiliate, the club was formed in 1882 but little is known of its first three years before the Shire of Jika Jika changed its name in September 1885 to Preston. Preston and another club, Gowerville, then merged and competed at lower levels of the Victorian Junior Football Association. Further premierships followed in 1901 and 1902, no finals being played as Preston finished the two games clear of their nearest rivals to claim the title. Despite a reasonable opening season where they won six games, the club struggled to find players, with Northcote joining the Association in 1908, pressure was applied for the two clubs to merge and the VFA forced the issue early in 1912. Preston were simply promoted before their time, by 1912, the district numbered just 4,800 people spread over 8,800 acres, of the other suburbs represented in the VFA, the next smallest was Brighton with 11,000. Prestons leading player during early VFA days was Sid Hall, a centre half-back regarded as the best high mark in the competition. Despite the lack of success, Preston managed to some fine players to League ranks in Percy Ogden, Hedley Tompkins and Bill Hendrie, Hugh James, Joe Prince, George Doull. Prestons place was taken by Melbourne City who didnt win a game in the two years before they folded, the nucleus of the Preston club returned to the First-Rate Division of the Victorian Junior Football Association. Ogden returned to captain-coach the clun in 1916 and 1917 while Essendon were in recess for the First World Warr, with the loss of North Melbourne, Footscray and Hawthorn to the League in 1925, the Association accepted Preston and Camberwell into their ranks for the 1926 season. The team used their uniform from junior days, a red stripe down the chest and back. This time the club was ready for senior ranks, raising a few eyebrows when they won nine of the 18 games in their first season as well as supplying the Recorder Cup winner, William Bluey Summers. A finals appearance came the year, Prestons first ever senior final finished in a draw with Brighton. Needing to win 12 games straight to ensure a spot, Preston managed to sneak in with 11 wins and a draw. Despite the modest finals record, the club provided the 1934 and 1936 Recorder Cup winners in Danny Warr and Bert Hyde respectively. Leading players up to World War 2 included Summers, Warr, Bert Smith, Frankie Dickie Dowling and Bill Socks Maslen, although he was never a star with Preston, 17-year-old Bert Deacon played his first match in 1940, later becoming Carltons first Brownlow Medallist in 1947

5.
Northcote Football Club
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Northcote Football Club, nicknamed The Dragons, was an Australian rules football club which played in the VFA from 1908 until 1987. The clubs colours for most of its time in the VFA were green and yellow, Northcote joined the VFA from the Victorian Junior Football Association in 1908. For its first two decades in the VFA, Northcote failed to have a significant impact and this changed in 1929, when the club won its first premiership and began the most prolific period in its history. The club won five premierships, five minor premierships, and finished runners-up on a further two occasions in eight seasons from 1929 until 1936, the club did not win another top division premiership in its time in the Association. As the Association expanded through the 1950s, Northcote became one of the weakest clubs in the Association. The club had a low base, and could only offer lower match payments than most other clubs, to the point when the club was fully amateur from 1953 until 1955. This weakness was reflected in generally poor onfield performances – with the exception of a preliminary final appearance in 1954 when the club was fully amateur. After the Association split into two divisions, Northcote won the inaugural Division 2 premiership in 1961, but spent only two seasons in Division 1 before being relegated at the end of 1963. It never returned to the top division, and spent the next 24 years competing in Division 2, the club remained middle-of-the-pack in Division 2 throughout the 1960s and 1970s, often finishing just outside the finals. A small club with a supporter base, Northcote was unable to cope with rising operating costs in the 1980s. The club announced initially its withdrawal from the VFA in November 1984 and it played three more years, but its financial situation did not improve and its membership dropped to fewer than 100. It was suspended from the VFA in November 1987 after it lost tenancy of Northcote Park, Northcote was originally nicknamed the Brickfielders because of the local brickworks. For a time in the late 1930s and 1940s, the team was known as the Rosellas and their nickname in the latter half of the 20th century was Dragons. It also wore maroon guernseys for a few years following World War I due to the unavailability of green and gold wool at the time

6.
North Melbourne Football Club
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It is based at the Arden Street Oval in the inner Melbourne suburb of North Melbourne, Victoria, but plays its home matches at the nearby Docklands Stadium. The clubs mascot is a kangaroo, and its use dates from the middle of the 20th century. The club is also known as The Shinboners, a term which dates back to its 19th-century abattoir-worker origins. The clubs motto is Victoria amat curam, Latin for Victory Demands Dedication, in two aspects North Melbourne stands second to none. One is the loyalty of its supporters, the other is the determination to carry on, despite its disadvantages. In the face of adversity, which might well have broken the spirit of most men, North Melbourne Football Club originated in the year 1869, when a football team was formed for local cricketers desiring to keep fit over the winter months. Information on the clubs first ever match is limited, but it is known that it took place in Royal Park, the ball used in the match was purchased by a local resident called Tom Jacks, who sold some roofing iron to pay for it. James Henry Gardiner is considered the founder of the club and he continued an active role with North Melbourne until his death in 1921. Regular premiership matches of Australian Football commenced in Victoria in 1870, Although North Melbourne was a part of this, it was classed as a junior club. The Australasian noted them as being one of the best of junior clubs. The club continued to develop, graduating to senior ranks in 1874 finishing 4th, along with the promotion, the club adopted its first uniform of blue and white horizontal stripes. In 1877, the club was re-established as a club under the new name of Hotham. Football took a giant step forward in 1877, with the formation of Victorias first colonial football league, Hotham were prime movers in establishing this league and were afforded a place in light of their previous contributions to Australian Football. The 1880s marked the emergence of the identity we now associate with North today. In 1882, the club amalgamated with the Hotham Cricket Club and moved into the North Melbourne Recreation Reserve, the joint venture was aimed at affecting improvements at the Hotham Cricket Ground, which was the name of the Reserve at the time. Four years later the club adopted the uniform of blue and white vertical stripes at the insistence of the VFA. The third significant development occurred in 1888 with the returning to its original name of the North Melbourne Football Club. This followed the name of the local area reverting from Hotham to North Melbourne, the 1880s saw the club develop a penchant for inter-colonial travel with trips to Tasmania and South Australia

7.
Brunswick Football Club
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Brunswick Football Club was an Australian rules football club which played in the Victorian Football Association from 1897 until 1991. Based in Brunswick, Victoria, for most of their time in the Association they were known as the Magpies, in its final two seasons in the VFA, it was known as Brunswick-Broadmeadows. Brunswick Football Club was formed in 1865 and joined the VFA in the 1897 season and they struggled to be competitive in the league early on, finishing last in 1898,1899 and 1902. They won the first of their three 1st division premierships in 1909 which started an era for the club under former Essendon Football Club player Jack McKenzie. Up until 1915 they played in six series and four grand finals. After consistently making the following the end of the war they won another premiership in 1925. Their third and last first division premiership came during this period, for the remaining fifty years of its time in the Association, Brunswick was consistently a middle-of-the pack team. J. Liston Trophy winner Tony West –1986 J. J

8.
Brighton Football Club
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Brighton Football Club was an Australian rules football club which played in the Victorian Football Association. The club was based in the Melbourne suburb of Brighton, and was nicknamed the Penguins, after suffering financial hardship throughout the 1950s, Brighton moved to Caulfield and later became the Caulfield Bears in the early to mid-1960s. The club is believed to have formed in 1885 and seven years later became a foundation member of the Metropolitan Junior Football Association. During this time, Brighton played its matches at the Brighton Beach Oval. Brighton first played football in the VFA in 1926 with help from former Fitzroy player Gordon Rattray who coached the club. They made it all the way to the final before losing to Coburg. Brighton almost folded while the Association was in recess during World War II, four years later, in 1948, the club won its first and only top division premiership. The club was one of several which struggled badly both on and off the field after the era ended in 1950. In twelve seasons from 1952 until 1963, the club won eight wooden spoons, coupled with its existing off-field problems, the club lost occupancy of its home ground at Elsternwick Park after the 1961 season. The club managed to survive, after merging with the Federal Leagues South Caulfield Football Club to form a new team known as Brighton-Caulfield, the merger did not help the clubs on-field performances, and its first two seasons as a merged club yielded wooden spoons. After competing as Brighton-Caulfield for three seasons, the club eliminated almost all links to its Brighton heritage in 1965 as the sought to appeal more strongly to fans in its new suburb. The club competed in the Association as the Caulfield Football Club until the end of the 1987 season

9.
Port Melbourne Football Club
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The Port Melbourne Football Club, nicknamed The Borough, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Port Melbourne and is currently playing in the Victorian Football League. The club currently has no reserves alignment with an Australian Football League club, the Borough joined the Victorian Football Association in 1886 and has played in every season since then. In 1897, Port Melbourne was left out of the group of eight clubs which formed the breakaway VFL competition, the club, and the suburb of Port Melbourne in general, were heavily associated with wharf labourers and the union movement. During a 1928 waterfront strike in Melbourne, a wharf labourer protesting the use of labour was shot by police, as a result. The policy remained in place until the late 1950s, for most, the nickname of the Borough may seem strange, but its origins lie when the team was based in what was known as the Borough of Port Melbourne. The name stuck, even after the area was upgraded to the status of town, Port Melbourne went on to become one of the strongest clubs in the VFA, and today still attracts some of the biggest crowds to its games. Traditionally the Boroughs greatest rivals are the Williamstown Seagulls and the Sandringham Zebras, all three teams continue to play in the VFL to this day. Prior to the breakaway of the VFL from the VFA in 1897. Port Melbourne has been affiliated with the Oakleigh Chargers TAC Cup team since the 1999 season and it had previously been affiliated with the Geelong Falcons, and in 1995 was part of a three-way affiliation which saw it share the Calder Cannons and Western Jets with Williamstown and Coburg. The Port Melbourne Football Clubs Guernsey is royal blue with red vertical stripes, the club song is sung to the tune of Youre a Grand Old Flag. In 2011, Port Melbourne completed a season, winning all eighteen home-and-away games. It was the first perfect season in the VFA/VFL first division since 1918, the Port Melbourne Football Club team of the century was chosen in 2003, combining all the clubs greats from across its long history. Hyde, W. Findlay, F. Johnson, V. Aanensen, S. Allender, W. Swan, S. Harkins, S. Valenti Highest Score,43.29 v the Sandringham Zebras in 1941 Lowest Score,0.2 v Prahran F

10.
Williamstown Football Club
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The Williamstown Football Club, nicknamed The Seagulls, is an Australian rules football club based in Melbourne. The club currently competes in the Victorian Football League, the Williamstown Football Club was formed in 1864, making it one of the oldest football clubs in Australia. The club was considered a junior club, before being granted senior status in 1884. Starting in 1884, the competed in the Victorian Football Association. Williamstowns original colours were black and yellow, in 1886, players wishing to play on the cricket ground ultimately established a rival senior club, the South Williamstown Football Club, which also contested the VFA for two seasons. The Williamstown and South Williamstown clubs were off-field rivals, but they never played a match against each other, in the late 1930s, Larry Floyd and Bill Dooley decided to adopt a more modern nickname, and the club became formally known as “the Seagulls”. Throughout its history, the club has also been known by the abbreviated name ‘Town. Williamstown won its first VFA premiership in 1907, and its second in 1921, Williamstown finished fourth on the ladder but, despite not having won a final since 1924 won three close finals for its third VFA premiership. The Seagulls continued their raid on the VFL, recruiting star players Ron Todd and Des Fothergill. Following the end of the era in 1950, many Association clubs began to struggle through the following decade as the prestige of the VFA declined. Under Carter, the club won three premierships in 1954,1955 and 1956, and was unbeaten in the 1957 home-and-away season before crashing in the finals to finish third. Carter was replaced as coach in 1958 by club legend Gerry Callahan, who served as captain-coach until 1959, williamstowns form slumped in the 1960s and 1970s, and it finished last in Division 1 in 1967, resulting in relegation to Division 2. It won the Division 2 premiership in 1969 under captain-coach Max Papley to return to Division 1. The club was relegated again in 1975, won the Division 2 premiership in 1976 under the coaching of Mal Allen, despite this finals success, the clubs best home-and-away finish in those six years was second, achieved only in 1989. During the middle 1990s Williamstown slipped, and at its nadir in 1995, after the clubs could not agree to terms, the VSFL decided to grant the remaining licence and the affiliation with the Jets to Williamstown, resulting in Werribees temporary expulsion from the VFL. Williamstown and Collingwood were affiliated from 2001 until 2007, during which time the club won one premiership, in 2003. Williamstown and the Western Bulldogs ended their affiliation after the 2013 season, the club was also found guilty of salary cap breaches in 2013 and their punishment was never made public. The club won the premiership in 2015, its second stand-alone season. F. A

11.
Prahran Football Club
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Since 2007, the club has competed in D1 Section of the Victorian Amateur Football Association. The nickname Two Blues comes from the uniform which has been royal blue. Prahran fields Senior, Reserves, Club XVIII and junior teams, the senior team was coached in 2006 by Leigh Stafford, who resigned from the coaching role at the end of the season. In 2007 the new coach is Paul Greenham, who has played for Richmond and its sister team is the Deakin Devils – a Division 1 Victorian Womens Football League team. Kevin Sheedy – former coach of Essendon Football Club and former Richmond player, sam Kekovich – North Melbourne Premiership player and well known football identity. Don Chipp – Australian Federal politician, a former Liberal Minister in the Australian government and inaugural leader of the Australian Democrats political party. Played in the clubs 1951 VFA Premiership team, after 1887, it amalgamated with the neighbouring St Kilda Football Club, which was based less than a mile away. A new senior Prahran Football Club was established in March 1899, and joined the VFA that season, in 1999, the club merged with Southbank Amateur Football Club in 1999 and joined the Victorian Amateur Football Association under the stewardship of Herald Sun racing writer Tim Habel. It also re-established its junior arm, and, after commencing with just two teams, the club now has eight junior teams and has formed a joint Under 19 team with Caulfield Football Club. In 2010, a voint venture with Assumption College was approved and in 2011 the club changed its name to Prahran/Assumption Football Club

12.
Dave McNamara
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David John Dave McNamara was an Australian rules footballer in the Victorian Football League. McNamara played with St Kilda as a Centre Half-Forward, lured to the Essendon Association side in 1909 he resumed with St Kilda in 1914. Possibly the longest kick of a football in history, one kick in 1923 was measured at just over 85 m, later played amateur football for Ormond Amateur Football Club in the Victorian Amateur Football Association. Served as a St Kilda committeeman, vice-president and later president, following his retirement from football, McNamara established himself in a new career as a racehorse trainer, which he continued until about 1958. His period in the racing industry included serving as president with the Victorian Trainers Association, McNamara was inducted into the St Kilda Hall of Fame in 2003. He was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame in 1996

13.
Broken Hill
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Broken Hill is an isolated mining city in the far west of outback New South Wales, Australia. It is near the border with South Australia on the crossing of the Barrier Highway and it is 315 m above sea level, with a hot desert climate, an average rainfall of 235 mm. The closest major city is Adelaide, the capital of South Australia, Broken Hill has been referred to as The Silver City, the Oasis of the West, and the Capital of the Outback. Although over 1,100 km west of Sydney and surrounded by semi-desert, the town has a high potential for solar power, given its extensive daylight hours of sunshine. The Broken Hill Solar Plant, which was completed in 2015, is one of the largest in the Southern Hemisphere, unlike the rest of New South Wales, Broken Hill observes Australian Central Standard Time, the same time zone used in South Australia and the Northern Territory. This is because at the time the Australian dominions adopted standard time, Broken Hills only direct link was with Adelaide. Similarly, Broken Hill is regarded as part of South Australia for the purposes of postal parcels rates, Broken Hill also used to be a break of gauge station where the state railway systems of South Australia and New South Wales met. Broken Hill is Australias longest-lived mining city, in 1844, the explorer Charles Sturt saw and named the Barrier Range, and at the time referred to a Broken Hill in his diary. Silver ore was discovered on this broken hill in 1883 by a boundary rider named Charles Rasp. The broken hill that gave its name to Broken Hill actually comprised a number of hills appeared to have a break in them. The broken hill no longer exists, having been mined away, the area was originally known as Willyama. Prior to Sturts naming, the area was referred to by the local Aboriginal population as the Leaping Crest. Broken Hills massive orebody, which formed about 1,800 million years ago, has proved to be among the worlds largest silver–lead–zinc mineral deposits, the orebody is shaped like a boomerang plunging into the earth at its ends and outcropping in the centre. The protruding tip of the orebody stood out as a rocky ridge amongst undulating plain country on either side. This was known as the hill by early pastoralists. Miners called the ore body the Line of Lode, a unique mineral recently identified from Broken Hill has been named Nyholmite after one of the citys famous sons Ron Nyholm. Lead with the signature of the Broken Hill deposits has been found across the entire continent of Antarctica in ice cores dating back to the late nineteenth century. Many of these waterholes are still secret from non-Indigenous people

14.
1884 VFA season
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The 1884 Victorian Football Association season was the eighth season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club and it was the clubs sixth VFA premiership in just seven seasons, and was the third in a sequence of three consecutive premierships won from 1882 to 1884. The senior metropolitan membership of the Association increased from six to eight clubs in 1884, the two new clubs were the Williamstown Football Club, which was elevated from junior status, and the newly established Fitzroy Football Club. At this time, three other senior clubs were full Association members represented on the Board of Management, Ballarat, South Ballarat. Due to distance, these clubs played too few matches against the rest of the VFA to be considered relevant in the premiership, the 1884 premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club, which won twenty-two and drew one of its twenty-five matches. Essendon finished second with sixteen wins and two draws from twenty-four matches, Hotham finished third, the below table details the playing records of the eight clubs in all matches during the 1884 season. The clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Sportsman newspaper, Victorian Football Association/Victorian Football League History List of VFA/VFL Premiers History of Australian rules football in Victoria

15.
1891 VFA season
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The 1891 Victorian Football Association season was the 15th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Essendon Football Club and it was the first premiership in the clubs history, and it was its first premiership out of a sequence of four consecutive premierships won from 1891 to 1894. Teams did not play a number of premiership matches during the season. After this adjustment, there was no process for breaking a tie. On 11 July, extremely wet conditions saw most grounds partially submersed in water, one match – that between North Melbourne and Williamstown – was drawn by mutual agreement without taking the field. In another, only twelve Footscray players took the field against St Kilda, the match was abandoned at or around half time, Victorian Football Association/Victorian Football League History List of VFA/VFL Premiers History of Australian rules football in Victoria

"The Inaugurals". The side that brought North premiership glory after 34 years of wait. To commemorate the achievement, club President G/M Prendergast presented the 26 players and head trainer with a gold medal at the club's general meeting that year.