1.
These appeals impugn the order dated 14th September, 1989, passed by the Customs, Excise and
Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal dismissing the appeals filed before it by the
two appellants. Each of the two appellants manufactures PVC impregnated cotton
conveyor belting and PVC impregnated flame resistant colliery conveyor belting.
The appellants contended before the Tribunal that their products were
classifiable under Tariff Entry 3922.90, whereas it was the case of the Excise
authorities that they were classifiable under Tariff Entries 3920. 11 or
3920.12, depending upon whether they were rigid or flexible strips. The
Tribunal upheld the contentions of the Excise authorities basing it- self, in
the main, upon the dictionary meaning of "strip" and upon the
judgment of this Court in Geep Flashlight Industries Ltd. vs. Union of India
and ors., 1985 22 E.L.T. 3.

2. We
are concerned in these appeals for the period December 1986 to June 1987.

3. With
effect from 28th
February 1986 and upto
9th February 1987, Tariff Heading 39.20 (so far as is
relevant) read thus:

"39.20
Other plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, of plastics, non-cellular, whether
lacquered or similarly laminated, supported or similarly combined with other
materials or not of polymers of vinyl chloride:

"39.22
Other articles of plastics and articles of materials of heading Nos.39.01 to
39.14 3922.10 -Articles of polyurethane foam 75% 3922.90 - Other 30%"

4. It
is relevant to mention that the Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985, itself
contains for the interpretation of the tariff schedules. Rule I states,
"The titles of Sections and Chapters are provided for case of reference
only; for legal purposes, classification shall be determined according to the
terms of the headings and any relative Sec- tion or Chapter Notes and, provided
such headings or Notes do not otherwise require, according to the provisions
hereinafter contained". Rule 2(a) states that any reference in a heading
to goods shall be taken to include. a reference to those goods incomplete or
unfinished, provided that the incomplete or unfinished goods have the essential
character of the complete or finished goods. Rule 3 states that when goods are
prima facie classifiable under two or more headings, classification will be effected
thus: the heading which provides the most specific description shall be
preferred to headings providing a more general description.

Also,
when goods cannot be classified by reference to sub- rules (a) or (b) of Rule
3, they shall be classified under the heading which occurs last in the
numerical order among those which equally merit consideration. Rule 4 states
that goods which cannot be classified in accordance with Rules 1 to 3 shall be
classified under the heading appropriate to the goods to which they are most
akin. Chapter 39 is entitled "plastics and articles thereof" and Note
11 therein states that Heading No.39.22 applies, inter alia, to "(k)
Transmission, conveyer or elevator belts, endless, or cut-to-length and joined
end to end, or fitted with fasteners."

"39.26
Other articles of plastics and articles of other materials of heading Nos.39.01
to 39.14 3926. 10- of polyurethane foam 60% plus Rs.40 per Kilogram 3926.90
Other 30%" 6. Note 11 (K) omitted. Reference was made by Mr. V. Laxmi Kumaran,
learned counsel for the appellants, to the Customs cooperation Council
publication of the Explanatory Notes to the Harmonized Commodity Description
and Coding Systems which is adopted in the Tariff Schedule. The explanatory
Note with reference to Tariff Heading 39.26 of the Harmonised Coding System
states that it covered "ar- ticles, not elsewhere specified or included,
of plastics...... or of other materials of headings 39.01 to 39.14" and
included "(7) Transmission, conveyor or elevator belts, endless, or cut to
length and joined end to end, or fitted with fasteners."

7. The
Tribunal observed from copies of the customer's orders placed before it by the
appellants that the length of the belt- 391 ing in rolls varied from 100 meters
to 400 metres, the width varied from 600 millimetres to 1200 millimetres and
the thickness varied between 7 mm and 9.5 mm. Considering the length, width and
thickness of the belting, the Tribunal concluded that it fell within the term
"strip", as meaning a long narrow piece according to the Concise
Oxford Dictionary. The name given to the product by the appellants was
"belt/belting". Customers placed orders under this name. But,
according to the Tribunal, the belt/belting was covered by the general
dictionary meaning of "strip". The Tribunal found that the belting
was not exclusively an article of plastics and it noted that in the case of Geep
Flash Industries Lid. (ibid) this Court had observed that articles of plastics
did not mean articles made from plastic and other materials.

8. The
Dictionary of Mechanical Engineering, Third Edition, published by Butterworths
defines belt, thus :

"belt
(belting: driving band) An endless band of leather or other flexible material
for transmitting power from one shaft to another by running over flat, convex
or grooved rim pulleys. Belts may be flat, vee-shaped or ribbed to fit on to
appropriately shaped pulleys. But velocities may be as high as 800 m/s (15000
ft. min), See also anti static belting; open belt, etc."

9. Mr.
V. Laxmi Kumaran laid stress on the Rules for the interpretation of the Tariff
Schedule hereinabove referred to and urged that, by reason thereof,
classification had to be determined "according to the terms of the
headings and any relative Section or Chapter Notes." Emphasis was laid
upon Chapter Note 11 which specifically stated that Tariff Heading 39.22
applied to conveyor belts. In regard to the Tariff as it obtained after 10th February, 1987, Mr. V. Laxmi Kumaran relied upon
the Explanatory Note to Tariff Heading 39.26, in identical terms in the Harmonised
Coding System which was the basis of the present Tariff Schedule.

It
expressly stated that Tariff Heading 39.26 included con- veyor belts. Mr. Laxmi
Kumaran submitted that, in these circumstances, the conveyor belts manufactured
by the appellants could only be classified under Tariff Entry 39.22.90 and
39.26.90 for the respective periods.

10.
Mr. V. Gauri Shankar Murthy, learned counsel for the Excise authorities,
submitted that the belting manufactured by the appellants was properly
classifiable under Tariff Heading 59.08, which relates to impregnated, coated,
covered or laminated textile fabrics and textile articles of a kind suitable
for industrial use. In this behalf he sought to draw our attention to the
description of the manufacturing process given by the appellants in the first
appeal in their memorandum of appeal. He submitted that it was permissible for
the Excise authorities to take this stand because in the show cause notice
issued to the appellants in the first appeal " it had been stated that it
was issued without prejudice to the stay order granted by the Madras High Court
in the writ petition filed by the appellant in the first appeal.

11. It
appears that is show cause notice dated 2nd September 1986 had been issued by the Excise
authorities to the ap- pellant in the first appeal proposing to classify its
belting under Tariff Heading 59.08. The show cause notice was impugned in the
writ petition filed in the Madras High Court. The Madras High Court granted
stay 392 of further proceedings in pursuance of the notice.

Thereupon
the show cause notice dated 11/12th June 1987 was issued, without prejudice to
the stay order aforementioned, seeking to classify the belting under Tariff
Entries 39.20.11 or 39.20.12. When the writ petition reached hearing, however,
learned counsel for the Excise authorities stated on instructions that they
would classifying the belting under Tariff entries 39.20.11 or 39.20.12, a
revised show cause notice in that behalf would be issued and further action on
the show cause notice dated 2nd September, 1986, which was impugned in the writ
petition, had become unnecessary. The High Court recorded the statement and
dismissed the writ petition as unnecessary. Having regard to the statement made
on behalf of the Excise authorities before the Madras High Court that they
would seek to classify the belting of the appellant in the first appeal under
Tariff Entries 39.20.11 or 39.20.12 and not under 59.08, on which statement the
High Court acted and dismissed the writ petition as unnecessary, it is not open
to the Excise authorities to urge that the belting is classifiable under Tariff
Heading 59.08.

12. As
regards the appellant in the second appeal, the excise authorities at all times
sought to assess its belting under Tariff Entries 39.20.11 or 39.20.12 and
never under Tariff Heading 59.08. It is impermissible for the Excise
authorities to urge for the first time before this Court that the belting of
the appellant in the second appeal must be classified under Tariff Heading
59.08.

13. We
have, therefore, declined to permit learned counsel for the Excise authorities
to advance any argument relative to Tariff Heading 59.08.

14.
Learned counsel for the Excise authorities then submitted that he had nothing
to add to what had been stated by the Tribunal in the order under appeal.

15.
The Tribunal's reliance upon the judgment of this Court in the case of Geep
Flashlight Industries Ltd. , in our opinion, misplaced. The court was there
concerned with the interpretation of tariff item read by itself. It had not to
be read in the light of terms of headings or relative Sec- tion or Chapter
Notes. This Court held that plastic torches were not articles made of plastic.
Articles made of plastic meant articles made wholly of the commodity
commercially known as plastic and not articles made from plastic and other
materials. In the instant case the Tariff Schedule contains rules for its
interpretation which require that "for legal purposes classification shall
be determined according to the terms of the headings and any relative Sec- tion
or Chapter Notes......... The Notes relative to Chapter 39 state that Heading
39.22 for the earlier period applies to conveyor belts. For the earlier period
Tariff Heading 39.26 must, therefore, be read as applicable to the appellants
conveyor belts. For the later period, the Explanatory Note to Tariff Heading
39.26 in the Harmonised Coding System, which is identical to Tariff Heading
39.26 of the Tariff Schedule, must be taken to be a guide, for the Tariff
Schedule is based upon the Harmonised Coding System.

That
apart, we are unable to uphold the Tribunal's finding that the belting made by
the appellants is a "strip". An article which is over 100 metres but
only up to 1200 millimeters in width cannot be described as a
"strip".

Tariff
Entries 39.20.11 and 39.20.12 cannot, there- 393 fore, be made applicable to
the belting made by the appellants. For the later period, Tariff Heading 39.26
must be read as applicable to it.

16.
The appeals, therefore, succeed. The judgment and order under appeal is set
aside. The respondents are directed to classify the appellants' conveyor beltS
under Tariff Heading 39.22.90 for the period December 1986 to 9th February 1987 and under Tariff Heading 39.26.90 for
the pe- riod 10th
February 1987 to June
1987.

17.
The respondents shall pay to the appellants the costs of the appeals.