Egg Donation is Made to Look Easy, but Questions and Health Risks Remain

Recently, a former co-worker and his romantic partner sent me a text message that left me reeling.

It essentially read: Hey, can I have ur eggs? Thx.

Few couples would be better equipped to raise a well-loved child than these two men, and I fully supported their decision to start a family. But I wondered how we had arrived at the point where this request has become so casual that it can be communicated in fewer than 140 characters. At least take me out to dinner.

I don’t fault my co-worker; his question mirrors how the issue is presented in our culture. As a woman in her early 20s, I am bombarded by advertisements seeking my eggs.

Recently when I was riding the T in Boston, I found myself staring at the face of a smiling baby, and a dollar amount. It seems, well, easy.

Egg donation payments range anywhere from $5,000 to $10,000; some solicitations offer amounts as high as $20,000, or even $100,000, for donors with specific characteristics. I could definitely benefit from thousands of dollars, and hey, I probably have eggs to spare, right?

These attractive compensation offers lack any balancing information about risks and hazards, creating a deus ex machina temptation: As far as I know, I have the potential to help create life for a deserving future parent — and make a staggering profit.

These two potential outcomes are, in fact, quite possible. It can be life-changing and rewarding to help others realize their dream of having children. The sky-high payment — sky-high, at least, to many college students, the prime demographic — is just gravy in this scenario.

But in a different light, it can be a bit like putting a price on the creation of life. Or, tilt again, and it’s simply reimbursement for the donor’s time, as well as the physical risk and discomfort.

So I dug a little deeper, and what I found is while the perspective may shift, there are some immutable realities that are rarely included in donor discussions.

Unlike the process men undergo to donate sperm, the preparation and procedure involved in egg donation require a longer-term commitment — a woman’s body is hormonally altered through the process, and she undergoes surgery.

I’d like to see ads note that fact, along with the known risks of egg donation. The ads don’t mention ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), a condition that causes the ovaries to swell and become painful in about one-fourth of women who use injectable fertility drugs. (OHSS generally goes away after a week or so, but in severe cases it can cause rapid weight gain, abdominal pain, vomiting and shortness of breath.)

Nor do they mention that the surgery to remove the eggs can sometimes lead to complications, including cramping, bleeding and infection.

Egg donors also need to be told that the long-term risks of egg donation remain largely unknown. There is little long-term safety data on the infertility drugs commonly used to stimulate egg production, and there have been no follow-up studies on women who have donated their eggs.

This lack of safety information has led Our Bodies Ourselves and other women’s health advocates to call for a mandatory egg donor registry that will allow researchers to track the long-term health of women who have donated eggs. The Infertility Family Research Registry, a voluntary registry, is based at the Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center (see below for more more information).

In addition to physical risks, there are the possible psychological reactions to consider. While donors generally undergo both physical and psychological testing before the process begins, it is impossible for donors to predict with certainty the emotional impact of this procedure.

A 2008 study on egg donors’ experiences published in Fertility and Sterility found that almost one in five women reported lasting psychological effects, some positive and some negative, including “concern for and/or attachment to their eggs and/or potential offspring, concern that the donor or resultant child might want a relationship with them in the future” and “stress resulting from the donation process as a whole.”

“Women need to look at the risk involved very carefully, and pay attention to what they’re being told about risks, not just to what they’re being offered to do it,” Nancy Kenney, co-author of the study, told HealthDay News.

As a member of the target demographic, I want complete and balanced information. With the prospect of such a permanent and life-altering decision, I need to know the risks and rewards.

Other women do, too. Three women who donated their eggs have begun collecting personal stories from fellow donors with the hope of creating a self-advocacy group.

“Some of us consider egg donation to be the best thing we’ve ever done. Others do not feel that way at all. Whatever her stance, each donor’s story is welcome here,” they write in the mission statement at WeAreEggDonors.com.

I personally decided against donating my eggs. I sympathized with the overwhelming process my former co-worker and his partner were experiencing, but I told them that I personally did not feel that egg donation was the right choice for me.

I knew very little about egg donation back then, but I did know enough not to match his casual request, delivered via text, with a casual promise that might worry me for years to come.

A Boston College alumna, Ryann Summers served for two years as a bilingual program advocate at Voices Against Violence, providing counseling and advocacy services to Spanish-speaking survivors of domestic violence. As an undergraduate, she founded and facilitated a support group for student survivors of sexual assault. An avid yogi and writer, Ryann aims to explore women’s public health themes regularly for OBOS.

Well, here’s the thing, it really does not matter how much more pain and suffering a woman has to go through than a man in order to reproduce does it? A person with offspring is a person with offspring. They are parents whether they’ve been recorded as such or not whether the law says so or not, if you have offspring you are the parent organism to your child/progeny/offspring. We have a way of tracking the health issues of men and women with offspring already and it works really well, called a birth certificate. That is how everyone else with offspring is tracked and the health of each of their children is recorded in conjunction with the parent’s information and I wonder why we don’t handle record keeping the same way for all people with offspring seeing as an egg donor is still human and so are her children and in the end their physiological connection is identical to a woman who gestated her own offspring. Although she did not provide the environment where they developed at best she had no opportunity to damage development. No other environment would alter her child other than damaging or stunting growth. If the environment is good and healthy her embryo develops to its full potential hopefully resulting in the birth of her healthy children. So whay the second method of tracking? We cooking books? Two sets of books one with the real mothers info and one with the names of gestational carriers? Hardly seems prudent since tax funded medical research on heritable disease is based on birth records and not the secondary data base you speak of. Shall we just stop using birth records for monitoring health of newborns and their parents generally since so many of the records are now false? Why bother recording anything at all if it is not biologically accurate and identifiable. That’s how everyone else does it and there is no right to privacy if you have offspring you have to be named on that certificate. Why would we not do the same for all births? Just makes no sense at all. Maybe if they were not human, but they are. They are human. Deliberately falsified medical records is sort of a public health disaster verging on emergency when its close to 1 million births a year.

If they were not willing to abandon parental responsibility for their offspring at birth, there would be no reason to harvest their eggs or sperm to serve infertile or sterile clients. The object of their contracts is their children and their agreement to abandon parental responsibilities for them at birth, having agreed to that, the second part of the contract deals with harvesting their genetic material in order to produce the children they’ve agreed not to raise. They say that people are reimbursed for their time that it took to provide their eggs and sperm however they would not be reimbursed for their time had they not agreed to abandon their young at birth as a prerequisite. They sign agreements giving up their offspring and whether or not they are reimbursed for their time and trouble is almost beside the point, which is that it is not gametes that these people are giving up it’s their children. Check the contracts and its very specific.

Also calling anyone that has offspring a gamete donor is as absurd as a cheating husband calling his lover his secretary; she may have been a secretary yesterday but that was before his wife caught him with her head in his lap in the front seat of the family station wagon. A gamete donor with offspring is a parent in the technical medical sense of the word. Continuing to refer to them as donors is a rather deceptive attempt to freeze them at a moment in time before their children existed before they became parents so that it does not appear that they’ve given up their children or that their children have lost a parent or the parents relatives. It is of course no different than any other person whose parent abandoned them because nobody remembers their gestation or birth and everyone is born being the child of their biological parents who are either absent or present, end of story. Donor offspring have at least one absent parent whose shoes may or may not be occupied by another person attempting to fulfill their duties for them.

Also donated gametes don’t treat infertility or sterility. In reality fertility treatment is a treatment offered to fertilize a woman’s eggs so that she can increase her chances of conceiving, reproducing and becoming a biological mother and so that the man fertilizing her eggs can increase his chances of reproducing and becoming a biological father. Donor’s contracts also state very clearly that they are desirous of receiving this fertility treatment for those purposes. They are in fact the patients receiving treatment to become parents, not the infertile or sterile customers who we think of as receiving treatment with donor eggs or sperm. Some customers are in fact recipients of treatment but they have healthy reproductive systems and simply need someone to mate with someone to produce offspring with. Gestation is not the same as fertility or conception. Transferring someone’s embryo into the body of an infertile woman does not help her conceive her child or even a child. She becomes pregnant with an embryo conceived by another woman. She will gestate, but she will not reproduce. The optimal outcome is for her body to do no damage so that the embryo can develop to its full potential and be born a healthy person. Unless she damages or stunts the embryo’s growth with her body somehow, she will have no impact on the body or brain of the person she delivers. That person will be exactly the same had they been gestated by mother who reproduced providing of course that her own body would not have stunted the person’s growth due to her poor health for instance.

So really the reproductive rights being exercised here are the rights of the parents who reproduced. If they allowed their fetus to be gestated by another woman, and if they allow someone other than the reproducing parents to do the child rearing, it is at their discretion. Nobody would have had the right to force them to reproduce and abandon their parental responsibilities. It’s important not to imagine more authority than the recipient has. Their parental bond will come from rearing the offspring of whoever reproduced, not from conceiving reproducing or gestating technically. So leading them to believe that their infertility can be treated with donated eggs or rather by raising a donor’s child, means the child has a job to do which is fix the physical problems of the infertile or sterile person, rather than exist and be themselves related to their own relatives.

And the only way to fix the problem is to have all people with offspring follow the same rules so all their offspring have the same rights. We can’t keep trying to break the rules expecting to get conventional results. Donate your eggs to research unrelated to reproduction if your really itching to part with your ova.

And what makes you think you have the right to tell other women what to do with their bodies and eggs? Some egg donors genuinely want to help infertile families, and don’t do it for the money.

However, speaking as a donor (which you clearly aren’t), the time, pain, and overall psychological and physical impacts should absolutely be reimbursed.

And it’s not about “abandoning parental responsibility” – it’s about giving an infertile family a part of your body that happens to create life, that you were going to lose regardless because of Aunt Flo. It is NOT the same as giving up a newborn – even if you’re a crazy religious person, you can’t honestly believe that egg donation equates to giving up an actual human being. But your argument is so convoluted and pedantic, I wouldn’t be surprised if that was one of your core beliefs.

I don’t know what donor contracts you’ve been reading (if any), but that’s not what a legitimate donor contract states – it states that you are giving up your eggs for donation purposes FOR ANOTHER COUPLE, not because you yourself want to become a parent. I have three separate contracts that state this.

I’m not arguing against offspring rights, but I am arguing against your shameful and disgusting opinions on egg donations. Do more thorough research before Googling “egg donation is bad” and commenting on .org sites.

Holly thanks for writing back. I actually have quite a collection of reproductive agreement examples because of being involved with reuniting families and have also collected lots of the boiler plate ones available on the internet as well. All the one’s I have seen deal extensively with what is termed either termination of parental rights or abandonment of parental rights – they have to deal with that obviously because you have the final call on what happens to your body and your offspring. That’s all I’m really saying. If you wanted to raise all the offspring you were going to have in your lifetime, egg donation would not be something you would want to do – unless it was for research only with no reproduction and no offspring out there. It’s your choice who you reproduce with and your choice whether or not you want to be the person who carries and delivers your offspring and whether you want to be the person who raises your offspring. They don’t term it relinquishment because that is something done in court. Termination is technically done in court as well by force rather than personal preference. That’s why the bulk of the contracts I’ve seen call it abandonment of parental rights and responsibilities because you simply never take up responsibility, it’s just walked away from.
It’s not just giving up an egg – obviously why would they want your egg if you did not also agree to give up your baby when he/she was born? They don’t just have a right to go taking your eggs and doing whatever they want with them and keeping your offspring you have to want offspring number 1 and number 2 be willing to let another woman deliver them and 3 be willing not to personally raise them. You had to have agreed to that or they would not have wanted your eggs. You are describing the reason which for you is to help someone get a child to raise. You did not do this for money. I get it. You did it to be nice. But if you have offspring your a bio mom, there is no way around it and you at some point agreed not to raise your offspring or they would not be having custody you would. I’m not misinformed I’m actually really well read on the subject. I’d love to add a copy of your contract to the collection I’ve got from donor offspring families I help. Black everything personal out or send me some that say what you have encountered as typical. I am interested in seeing lots of examples. 🙂 I bet there is a lot of truth in what you are saying your lawyer must have used different phrases but the upshot would have to be kinda similar just because it would be a big risk for the recipient otherwise. Peace.

here’s onehttp://www.ourfairygodmother.com/fees/
“Below please find an estimation of fees you can anticipate. Our Agency fee of $6,500.00 INCLUDES the Termination of Parental Rights Agreement for Intended Parents and our Egg Donors. Lawyers typically charge approximately $1,500.00 to draft these agreements and approximately $750.00 for the donors lawyer to review it. Our Agreements have been drafted by licensed reproductive lawyers and are ready to use*.”

I agree with Holly. I was an egg donor in 1992. It went very well. I have never had bad side effects. I only have positive memories of the experience. Since then I have had two of my own children and have enjoyed raising them. Motherhood is the best blessing we can have. It’s more rewarding than any career. And if we can help others, why not!

Hi Ryann! I am a sophomore in high school and I am doing a health presentation on Egg donation and the negative effects that may be linked with it. I found your post very informative and helpful. I especially liked how you pointed out how many of the long-term risks for egg donation are unknown. There is a tremendous difference between no risks and no known risks. I read this article about this woman whose daughter went to Stanford and donated but only a few years later she died of colon cancer. They could find no genetic link to the cancer and her mother believes the cancer may have been linked to donation. Especially after she found another women who had donated and died of colon cancer. When the mom called the clinic tell them to let the parents of the donation know about the colon cancer so that their baby could be tested, the clinic had already destroyed the daughters information. I believe the health of women must be preserved and the long-term effects of egg donation researched immediately. Thank you for your time and help!

I feel that egg donation is wrong in a lot of ways. First of all, a donation is giving something up willingly without anything in return and what these women who get money for eggs isn’t donating, they’re selling their own biological children actually. Also, yes, women aren’t aware of the effects egg donation can bring to them psychologically and physically during the process and after the process.

Yes, but women are born with approximately 1 to 2 million eggs. By the time we reach puberty and our cycle hits (age 10 at the earliest), about 300,000 are completely formed and available to create a child with. With each cycle, we lose about 1 egg. Over 40 years, that is 480 eggs lost (without taking into account any amount of months of pregnancy. Some eggs will die before they are ever released, so by age 30 of you only had 9000 eggs because the others died, and you lost 480 due to your cycle, that means that you have 8520 ready-to-go eggs that will never be used 🙁 So definitely, yes, they would be my biological eggs. But that does not mean I am giving up my children to another person. I think, knowing this information, or is selfish to not donate base only on the claim that they are your children. Because they are not. Do you want to have and raise 8520 kids in addition to the ones you already have given birth to? Why not give selflessly what you won’t be using anyway?

There are many patients looking for sucessful infertility treatment. Probably for 50% of them egg donation would be the most successful treatment option – and for 30% it’s the only one option worth to consider – according to they medical situation. So sharing eggs with other is a big help. From the other side you’re right I think, there should me more pressure and focus into research of the risks for egg donors. However – I work with many ivf clinics – and there is one rule I noticed – the more professional clinic – in the sense of experience and professional approach on the process – not on the money! – means less problems for egg donors in future.

The problem is how clinics/banks advertise… It’s more and more aggresive in USA – but it’s far different in Europe. It’s less aggresive, more “informative” and to be honest – there is less money involved…. for the donor! The average compensation for donor in Europe is something between 600-1200 EUR…Additionally there is huge pressure on psychological consultation/qualification – as far as professional clinics and qualification process are concerned – 30% of donors are disqualified…

Anyway – as far as there are patients who really need egg donation treatment – there are clinics who are looking for donors. The only question is how to make the process safe for both!

I am happy I found this article. I am a 6 time egg donor. I started back when I was in my early years of college and it was mainly just for extra money and to be able to travel. I didn’t mind donating at the time but I do have huge concerns now. As I’m approaching 26, having my first donation at about 21, there are some odd things starting to happen that shouldn’t. For starters I am a healthy person and workout regularly. I have no known major health issues in my family. Last year I had my annual at the gynecologist and this was the first time that my pap came back abnormal. I had to go in for a colposopy and when that came back with problems, I had to undergo cryosurgery to destroy the abnormal cells on my cervix. Let me reiterate that I have no known medical issues in my family. I hate to say that I regret donating but I am noticing serious changes in my body. I have serious weight gain that is incredibly difficult to lose and it terrifies me something more serious could be brewing. I’d be happy to talk with other donors about their body changes because it would be nice to compare time lines.

I donated eggs(for free) five and a half years ago and am now three stone heavier and still gaining even though I am still very active. I have experienced depression and very low energy levels quite often having to have naps during the day. I can’t find any information to tell me if this is related to the hormones I administered prior to the donation.

I’m approaching 40 and I donated eggs 5 times in my 20s while I was an undergraduate and then completing a master’s program. I have also struggled with weight problems, depression, and extreme fatigue. I eat healthy, exercise regularly, and am health conscious overall, yet preventing weight gain is extremely difficult. I’ve wondered if my problems have been related to the egg donation and the hormones. I’ve had blood tests and physicals done, and everything comes back normal, but I continue to feel that there’s something wrong.

I am 28 years old and never donated eggs in my life. I have gained weight and have lower energy levels ever since entering my mid 20s (15 lbs) even though I am VERY active — I run, skate, snowboard, lift weights, cardio, yoga (daily) — I eat healthy, I eat often, and I don’t eat too much.

I think it’s safe to say you guys are probably experiencing normal effects of aging. For every 10 years you age, you need approximately 100 fewer calories than you normally eat. Especially a woman’s metabolism slows. These things can also be contributed to low B12 levels or thyroid problems.

As for your abnormal Pap smear, 80% of American women have HPV. If you haven’t been tested for HPV (which most places don’t test for all strains of HPV because they know you probably have it anyways) then that’s probably the cause of your abnormal PAP.

Yes, I’ve been reading these and I was thinking exactly the same thing. It is a normal thing as we age, that our metabolism slows down and we get more and more tired, especially if we have kids. I am only 19, I have never donated, but I would like to sometime in the future. I am still researching the risks involved. All I’m learning from the comments here is that a lot of donors have visited this site and are sharing what is happening to their bodies as they age, and not really much to do with egg donations. As for the colon cancer that someone mentioned earlier, I will have to do more research, but of course, people whose families have no history of colon cancer are not immune- just less likely to get it. And finding two egg donors who also got colon cancer seems to me like a coincidence. There needs to be a much higher percentage before a conclusion is made that there is a correlation. Also, I’m not making any snap judgements here, but if someone is 50 or over, regardless of family history, you MUST have regular colonoscopies. It is better to go in and not have anything, than to not go in, and not find something that actually was there.

Donating eggs is a great way to help couples who are not capable of having their own baby. And this is also a good way to earn extra income because there are clinics out there looking for women who can donate eggs in exchange for money. But there are also women with good hearts who do this at no cost. For those who want to donate their eggs, please take note that there are requirements to be met before becoming an egg donor.

I have my first appointment at a egg donation clinic next week. Since I had my own daughter 17 years ago I said I’d like to be a surrogate but my life wouldn’t fit in that amount of time and that’s okay for me. However I still would love to be able to help someone who otherwise may not have that chance.

Infertility Treatments all have risks. From IVF, Gestational Surrogacy, Egg Donation, Sperm Donation, to Embryo Donation. Well many of these risks are rarely experienced. In fact with the right pre-examination you will find out that the experience is really enjoyable. The same applies to the couples that want to use any of the fertility treatments.

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In late 2013 I had the shattering news that I had the fertility of someone 5 years older than me (I was 36 at that time) and I had a low ovarian reserve. I went on to do a failed IVF cycle in England in mid-2014. I was subsequently told that I had a 5% chance of becoming pregnant through a normal IVF cycle. I was totally devastated. I was advised that to increase my chances I had to look at donor eggs. While my world was turned upside down, we decided that we would go down the DE route in order to achieve our need of having our own child. We didn’t know where to start but a friend suggested look at Ukraine. She informed us that many clinics there are very good. After several enquiries we were able to cut the list down to BioTexCom, mainly down to the incredibly polite and timely responses to questions as well as their high success rates.

Our coordinator was exceptional from day 1 and help eased our nervousness on embarking on a journey we had never envisioned taking earlier in the year. Our initial visit to the clinic was in September 2014. To our pleasant surprise the clinic was so modern and it felt like all the people really wanted us to succeed. BioTexCom team was all so incredibly affable. We were told there would be no waiting list for a DE and best of all they were able to help us! In early December, I was absolutely over the moon to discover I was pregnant and my husband and I felt we were in a dream, although this dream was real! Prior to Christmas I had an early scan and found out that we were going to have twins – Christmas had really come early for us and we were simply overjoyed and a little overwhelmed at the same time. We can’t thank BioTexCom enough for what they’ve done for us and without them we wouldn’t be in a position to say we are going to be parents.

I’m in the process of filling out an Egg Donor application with Shady Grove Fertility and after reading some of this stuff I’m not gonna fill out any more of it. I seriously do not want any of these scares to happen in my life. I’m already paranoid about my health and I already have problems with self-care and mental health. I’m absolutely terrified about all of this and while sure it’ll help someone else I’d like to, for once, put myself first here.

Well, as it happened, we have poor reproductive health in our family. I know, that my mother contact a lot with doctors and took a lot of medicine for having child. I have grown up… And it turns, that I have the same problem. Unfortunately, the mother`s treatment doesn’t work with me. Than my husband and my mother decided to find the way how to help me. As our family have limit in funds. We decided to find good clinic outside our country. My mum found some info about one clinic in Ukraine, where it`s possible to use an egg donation. According to info, which we have found in the net. This clinic in Kiev is one of the best in question with surrogacy and with an egg donation. And you know… The clinic is really great. The doctors are so sensitive. They answer on any question. The stuff of the clinic is really helpful. I don’t understand why people say, that it`s so bad medicine in Ukraine. As for me, the clinic in Ukraine helped me with my problem. And in 3 month I will hold my child in my arms.

I am the husband of my woman who wants to accept the egg donation…what is worrying me the most..is the infertility family research registry..i mean how can we be sure about the health history of a whole strange family?
thank you

I have donated eggs five times now. Each time it was professional, I was kept informed on all lab work results, ultrasounds and what not. What I was not told was that I’d suffer in the long run. Now, research can’t confirm that being an egg donor causes problems, but coming from someone who has gone through it.. I can. Before egg donation I was the “normal” weight according to the BMI chart, I had MONTHLY menstrual flows, no issues. After all this time I now have trouble losing weight, no matter how much I exercise or diet. I’m 26 and do not experience a menstrual cycle, they’ve stopped completely. I have a ton of scar tissue on my ovaries and uterus. My left ovary almost collapsed when it shrunk back down to normal size after a donation, that’s one risk no one warns you about. I produce about 1/4 of the eggs I did before, but since I no longer have a menstrual cycle it doesn’t matter. My OB/GYN and the doctors I’ve seen over the years 100% think being an egg donor has had something to do with it. My chances of having children are very slim, and I’m expected to go through menopause in my 30’s. It’s a hard pill to swallow. I wanted to help families in the best way I knew how, and in the end I’m the one that ends up broken too.

I was an egg donor in one Ukrainian fertility center. I liked the whole process there. There were no difficulties and I felt myself very well. Entering the ART program with donor eggs patients can choose a donor who will be the most suitable just for you. Specialists of the biotexcom clinic carry out a serious selection of candidates for donation. I had medical examinations, work with psychologist. In addition they studied my personal information. I must say that 3 girls of 10 who wish to become a donor is selected and get into the program. Often, infertile choose a donor who looks similar to infertile wife. Donors of eggs in biotexcom must meet different requirements. Age must be under 30 years. Donor must have at least one healthy child, born in a natural way. Also woman must have pleasant appearance without any defects. I have a good state of mental and physical health. I have no excess weight and serious diseases. Therefore, I was able to become eggs donor in this clinic.

I was diagnosed with endometriosis at the pretty young age of 18. I don’t know why it happened to me but we can’t change the result. I didn’t realize what I was going through until I was hospitalized for 5 days and given a high dose of antibiotics and some other meds. When I was released from the hospital the doctor mentioned that I would not be able to conceive as the scar tissue was severe on my Fallopian tubes. Honestly, I was shocked after the whole situation so I took no notice of this fact. But 10 years later I understood the whole problem. At first, I thought that was a mistake. That soon everything will be ok. But I was wrong. one day I decided that will do everything for my future happiness. I read a lot of information and found that the surrogacy is going more and more popular nowadays. So I thought that I also can agree with this option. My husband suggested to me visit the Ukrainian center for human reproduction in Kiev because the prices there were pretty affordable for us. We chose there the program that cost only 30k euros. Now we are still waiting for our turn for free consultation but I hope that everything will be ok. Therefore, I tend to doubt any doctors if they deem something “impossible”. I hardly believe that soon I become a mother!