Guys and Dolls was conceived by producers Cy Feuer and Ernest Martin as an adaptation of Damon Runyon's short stories.[5] These stories, written in the 1920s and 1930s, concerned gangsters, gamblers, and other characters of the New York underworld. Runyon was known for the unique dialect he employed in his stories, mixing highly formal language and slang.[6] Frank Loesser, who had spent most of his career as a lyricist for movie musicals, was hired as composer and lyricist. George S. Kaufman was hired as director. When the first version of the show's book, or dialogue, written by Jo Swerling was deemed unusable, Feuer and Martin asked radio comedy writer Abe Burrows to rewrite it.[5][7]

Loesser had already written much of the score to correspond with the first version of the book.[6] Burrows later recalled:

Frank Loesser's fourteen songs were all great, and the [new book] had to be written so that the story would lead into each of them. Later on, the critics spoke of the show as 'integrated', the word integration usually means that the composer has written songs that follow the story line gracefully. Well, we accomplished that but we did it in reverse.[8]

The character of Miss Adelaide was created specifically to fit Vivian Blaine into the musical, after Loesser decided she was ill-suited to play the conservative Sarah.[9] When Loesser suggested reprising some songs in the second act, Kaufman warned: "If you reprise the songs, we’ll reprise the jokes."[10]

A pantomime of never-ceasing activities depicts the hustle and bustle of New York City ("Runyonland"). Three small-time gamblers, Nicely-Nicely Johnson, Benny Southstreet, and Rusty Charlie, argue over which horse will win a big race ("Fugue for Tinhorns"), the band members of the Save-a-Soul Mission, led by the pious and beautiful Sergeant Sarah Brown, call for sinners to "Follow the Fold" and repent. Nicely and Benny's employer, Nathan Detroit, runs an illegal floating crap game. Due to local policeman Lt. Brannigan's strong-armed presence, he has found only one likely spot to hold the game: the "Biltmore garage." Its owner, Joey Biltmore, requires a $1,000 security deposit, and Nathan is broke ("The Oldest Established"). Nathan hopes to win a $1,000 bet against Sky Masterson, a gambler willing to bet on virtually anything. Nathan proposes a bet he believes he cannot lose: Sky must take a doll (a woman) of Nathan's choice to dinner in Havana, Cuba. Sky agrees, and Nathan chooses Sarah Brown, at the mission, Sky claims he wants to be saved, impressing Sarah with his knowledge of the Bible. He offers Sarah a deal: He will bring the mission "one dozen genuine sinners" if she will accompany him to Havana the next night. Sarah rebuffs him, telling him that she plans to fall in love with an upright, moral man. Sky replies that he plans on being surprised when he falls in love ("I'll Know"). Sky kisses Sarah, and she slaps him. Nathan goes to watch his fiancée of 14 years, Miss Adelaide, perform her nightclub act ("A Bushel and a Peck"), after her show, she asks him, as she has many times before, to go down to city hall and get a marriage license. She is distraught to find out that Nathan is still running the crap game, she consults a medical book, which tells her that her chronic cold is a psychosomatic reaction to her frustration with Nathan's failure to marry her ("Adelaide's Lament").

The next day, Nicely and Benny watch as Sky pursues Sarah, and Nathan tries to win back Adelaide's favor, they declare that guys will do anything for the dolls they love ("Guys and Dolls"). General Cartwright, the leader of Save-a-Soul, visits the mission and explains that she will be forced to close the branch unless they succeed in bringing some sinners to the upcoming revival meeting. Sarah, desperate to save the mission, promises the General "one dozen genuine sinners", implicitly accepting Sky's deal, the gamblers, including a notorious gangster from Chicago named Big Jule, are waiting for Nathan to secure the spot for the game, and Lt. Brannigan becomes suspicious. To convince him of their innocence, they tell Brannigan their gathering is Nathan's "surprise bachelor party", this satisfies Brannigan, and Nathan resigns himself to eloping with Adelaide. Adelaide goes home to pack, promising to meet him after her show the next afternoon, the Save-A-Soul Mission band passes by, and Nathan sees that Sarah is not in it; he realizes that he lost the bet and faints.

In a Havana nightclub, Sky buys a drink for himself and a "Cuban milkshake" for Sarah, she doesn't realize that the drink contains Bacardi rum, and innocently drinks multiple glasses, becoming progressively tipsier. Outside the club, Sarah kisses Sky and proclaims that she is truly enjoying herself for the first time in her life ("If I Were a Bell"), she wants to stay in Havana with Sky. Sky is surprised to find, though, that he truly cares about Sarah's welfare, and he insists that they go back to the airport and return to New York. Back in New York, it is 4:00 a.m., and as Sky and Sarah (now sober) stand in the street outside the mission, Sky tells her that this is his favorite time of day, and that she is the only woman he's ever wanted to share it with ("My Time of Day"). They both spontaneously admit that they're in love ("I've Never Been in Love Before"). A siren sounds and gamblers run out of the mission, where Nathan has been holding the crap game. Sarah infers that Sky took her to Havana and pretended to be in love with her just so Nathan could use the mission for the game, rejecting his protests of innocence.

The next evening, Adelaide performs her act at the Hot Box ("Take Back Your Mink"). Nathan doesn't show up for the elopement because he's still running the crap game, she soon realizes that Nathan has stood her up again and turns to her book for comfort ("Adelaide's Second Lament").

Sarah admits to Arvide Abernathy, her grandfather and fellow mission worker, that she loves Sky but will never see him again because she believes he is responsible for the previous night's crap game. Abernathy expresses his faith in Sky's inherent goodness and urges Sarah to follow her heart ("More I Cannot Wish You"). Sky tells Sarah he intends to deliver the dozen genuine sinners for the revival, she doesn't believe him and walks off, but Arvide subtly encourages him.

Nicely shows Sky where the game is being held: the sewer ("Crapshooters Dance"). Big Jule has lost a large amount of cash and insists on playing on credit. To change his luck he uses his own dice, which are blank, and proceeds to cheat Nathan out of all of his money. Sky then arrives with Nicely. Big Jule isn't impressed, but Sky responds by punching him out, he then gives Nathan $1,000, saying that Nathan won the bet and implying that Sarah refused to go to Havana with him. Sky, determined to get the dozen sinners he promised Sarah, bets everyone at the game a thousand dollars against their souls. If he loses, every man gets a thousand dollars; if he wins, they must all attend the revival at the mission ("Luck Be a Lady"). He tosses the dice, the gamblers head towards the mission, and it is clear that Sky has won his bet. On his way there, Nathan runs into Adelaide and tells her that he has to attend the prayer meeting. Adelaide does not believe him, she asks herself why she keeps putting up with Nathan's lies, and he tells her that he loves her ("Sue Me").

Sky and the gamblers arrive at the mission, much to Sarah's surprise. General Cartwright asks if anyone wishes to testify to their sins. Benny and Big Jule do, but another gambler named Harry The Horse lets slip that Sky only got them to the meeting because he won their souls in a dice game, the General is very pleased by this as it shows that good can come out of evil. Attempting to appear contrite, Nicely invents a dream that encouraged him to repent, and the gamblers join in with revivalist fervor ("Sit Down, You're Rockin' the Boat"). Brannigan arrives and threatens to arrest everyone for the crap game in the Mission, but Sarah clears them, saying that none of the gamblers were at the mission the previous night, after Brannigan leaves, Nathan confesses that they held the crap game in the mission. He also confesses to the bet he made with Sky about taking Sarah to Havana, he adds that he won the bet, to Sarah's shock, and she realizes that Sky wanted to protect her reputation and must genuinely care about her.

Sarah and Adelaide run into each other, and they commiserate and then resolve to marry their men anyway and reform them later ("Marry the Man Today"). Several weeks later, Nathan has opened a newsstand. Sky and Sarah have just been married, and Sky is playing the drum in the mission band. Adelaide and Nathan are about to get married at the mission, and Sky tells Nathan he'll lay eight to ten odds that he will be very happy, the title song is reprised ("Guys and Dolls" (Finale/Reprise)).

The West End premiere opened at the London Coliseum on May 28, 1953 and ran for 555 performances, the cast starred Vivian Blaine, Sam Levene, Lizbeth Webb and Jerry Wayne.[12][13] Lizbeth Webb was the only major principal who was British and was chosen to play the part of Sarah Brown by Frank Loesser, the show has had numerous revivals and tours and has become a popular choice for school and community theatre productions.

New York City Center mounted short runs of the musical in 1955, 1965 and 1966. A production starring Walter Matthau as Nathan Detroit, Helen Gallagher as Adelaide, Ray Shaw as Sky and Leila Martin as Sarah had 31 performances, running from April 20 to May 1, and May 31 to June 12, 1955.[14][15]

This production featured Motown-style musical arrangements by Danny Holgate and Horace Ott, and it was directed and choreographed by Billy Wilson, the entire production was under the supervision of Abe Burrows, and musical direction and choral arrangements were by Howard Roberts.

The show closed on February 13, 1977, after 239 performances and 12 previews. A cast recording was released subsequent to the show's opening.

Laurence Olivier had wanted to play Nathan Detroit, and began rehearsals for a planned 1971 London revival of Guys and Dolls at his National Theatre Company's Old Vic theatre. However, due to poor health he had to stop, and his revival never saw the light of day.[17]

In 1982, Richard Eyre directed a major revival at London's National Theatre. Eyre called it a "re-thinking" of the musical, and his production featured an award-winning neon-lit set design inspired by Rudi Stern's 1979 book Let There Be Neon,[18] and brassier orchestrations with vintage yet innovative harmonies,[19][20] the show's choreography by David Toguri included a large-scale tap dance number of the "Guys and Dolls" finale, performed by the principals and entire cast. The revival opened March 9, 1982, and was an overnight sensation,[21] running for nearly four years and breaking all box office records,[22][23] the original cast featured Bob Hoskins as Nathan Detroit, Julia McKenzie as Adelaide, Ian Charleson as Sky and Julie Covington as Sarah.[24] The production won five Olivier Awards, including for McKenzie and Eyre and for Best Musical. Eyre also won the Evening Standard Award, and Hoskins won the Critics' Circle Theatre Award.

Following Ian Charleson's untimely death from AIDS at the age of 40, in November 1990 two reunion performances of Guys and Dolls, with almost all of the original 1982 cast and musicians, were given at the National Theatre as a tribute to Charleson, the tickets sold out immediately, and the dress rehearsal was also packed. The proceeds from the performances were donated to the new Ian Charleson Day Centre HIV clinic at the Royal Free Hospital, and to scholarships in Charleson's name at LAMDA.[30]

The production received a rave review from Frank Rich in The New York Times, stating "It's hard to know which genius, and I do mean genius, to celebrate first while cheering the entertainment at the Martin Beck."[31] It received eight Tony Award nominations, and won four, including Best Revival, and the show also won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Revival. This revival featured various revisions to the show's score, including brand new music for the "Runyonland", "A Bushel and a Peck," "Take Back Your Mink" and "Havana", the orchestrations were redesigned by Michael Starobin, and there were new dance arrangements added to "A Bushel and a Peck" and "Take Back Your Mink".

A one-hour documentary film captured the recording sessions of the production's original cast album. Titled Guys and Dolls: Off the Record, the film aired on PBS's Great Performances series in December 1992, and was released on DVD in 2007.[32][33] Complete takes of most of the show's songs are featured, as well as coaching from director Zaks, and commentary sessions by stars Gallagher, de Guzman, Lane, and Prince on the production and their characters.

Richard Eyre repeated his 1982 success with another National Theatre revival of the show, this time in a limited run, it starred Henry Goodman as Nathan Detroit, Imelda Staunton returning as Adelaide, Clarke Peters returning as Sky and Joanna Riding as Sarah. Clive Rowe played Nicely-Nicely Johnson, and David Toguri returned as choreographer. The production ran from December 17, 1996 through March 29, 1997 and from July 2, 1997 to November 22, 1997,[34][35] it received three Olivier Award nominations, winning one: Best Supporting Performance in a Musical went to Clive Rowe.[36] Richard Eyre won the Critics' Circle Theatre Award for Best Director, and the production won Best Musical.

The original Broadway production of Guys and Dolls opened to unanimously positive reviews. Critics praised the musical's faithfulness to Damon Runyon's style and characterizations. Richard Watts of the New York Post said "Guys and Dolls is just what it should be to celebrate the Runyon spirit...[it is] filled with the salty characters and richly original language sacred to the memory of the late Master".[65] William Hawkins of the New York World-Telegram & Sun stated, "It recaptures what [Runyon] knew about Broadway, that its wickedness is tinhorn, but its gallantry is as pure and young as Little Eva".[65] Robert Coleman of the New York Daily Mirror declared, "We think Damon would have relished it as much as we did".[65]

The book and score were greatly praised as well; John Chapman of the Daily News declared, "The book is a work of easy and delightful humor. Its music and lyrics, by Frank Loesser, are so right for the show and so completely lacking in banality, that they amount to an artistic triumph".[65] Coleman stated, "Frank Loesser has written a score that will get a big play on the juke boxes, over the radio, and in bistros throughout the land, his lyrics are especially notable in that they help Burrows's topical gags to further the plot". In The New York Times, Brooks Atkinson wrote, "Mr. Loesser's lyrics and songs have the same affectionate appreciation of the material as the book, which is funny without being self-conscious or mechanical".[66]

Multiple critics asserted that the work was of great significance to musical theatre. John McClain of the New York Journal American proclaimed, "it is the best and most exciting thing of its kind since Pal Joey, it is a triumph and a delight".[65] Atkinson stated, "we might as well admit that Guys and Dolls is a work of art, it is spontaneous and has form, style, and spirit."[66] Chapman asserted, "In all departments, Guys and Dolls is a perfect musical comedy".[65]

Three new songs, written by Frank Loesser, were added to the film: "Pet Me Poppa"; "A Woman in Love"; and "Adelaide", which was written specifically for Sinatra. Five songs from the stage musical were omitted from the movie: "A Bushel and a Peck", "My Time of Day", "I've Never Been In Love Before", "More I Cannot Wish You", and "Marry the Man Today".

1.
Frank Loesser
–
Frank Henry Loesser was an American songwriter who wrote the lyrics and music to the Broadway hits Guys and Dolls and How To Succeed In Business Without Really Trying, among others. He won separate Tony Awards for the music and lyrics in both shows, as well as sharing the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the latter. He also wrote songs for films and Tin Pan Alley, many of which have become standards. Loesser was born in New York City to Henry Loesser, a pianist and he grew up in a house on West 107th Street in Manhattan. His father had moved to America to avoid Prussian military service and he came to America and married Berthe, and had a son in 1894, Arthur Loesser. In 1888, Berthes sister Julia arrived in America, Julia and Henry soon fell in love and Julia really loved Arthur, but Berthe sent her to Washington D. C. Berthe died in childbirth and Julia moved back in and married Henry in 1907 and their first child, Grace, was born in December of that year. His parents both prized high intellect and culture and thus Loesser was taught musically in the vein of European composers, but although Henry was a full-time piano teacher, he never taught his son. In a 1914 letter to Franks older half-brother Arthur Loesser, Henry wrote that the 14-year-old Frank could play by ear any tune hes heard, Loesser did not like his fathers refined taste of music and resisted when he wrote his own music and took up the harmonica. He was expelled from Townsend Harris High School, and from there went to City College of New York and he was expelled from the CCNY in 1925 after one year for failing every subject except English and gym. After his father died suddenly in 1926, Loesser was forced to work in order to support his family. After his many jobs, he decided that he wanted to write in Tin Pan Alley. His first song credit is listed as In Love with the Memory of You, with music by William Schuman, Loessers early lyrics included two hit songs of 1934, Junk Man and I Wish I Were Twins. However, they apparently did not help his reputation, and in later years, after a year, Feist had not published any of them. He fared only slightly better collaborating with the classical composer William Schuman, selling one song. Loesser described his days of learning the songwriting craft as having a rendezvous with failure. But while he dabbled in other trades, he returned to the music business. The Back Drop turned out to have some substantial connections, due to his work there he was able to secure his first Broadway musical, The Illustrator’s Show, a 1936 revue written with Back Drop collaborator Irving Actman, lasted only four nights

2.
London
–
London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area

3.
Musical theater
–
Musical theatre is a form of theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting, and dance. The story and emotional content of a musical – humor, pathos, love, anger – are communicated through the words, music, movement, since the early 20th century, musical theatre stage works have generally been called, simply, musicals. These were followed by the numerous Edwardian musical comedies and the theatre works of American creators like George M. Cohan. Musicals are performed around the world and they may be presented in large venues, such as big-budget Broadway or West End productions in New York City or London. Alternatively, musicals may be staged in smaller fringe theatre, Off-Broadway or regional theatre productions, musicals are often presented by amateur and school groups in churches, schools and other performance spaces. In addition to the United States and Britain, there are vibrant musical theatre scenes in continental Europe, Asia, Australasia, Canada, the three main components of a book musical are its music, lyrics and book. The interpretation of a musical is the responsibility of its team, which includes a director. A musicals production is also characterized by technical aspects, such as set design, costumes, stage properties, lighting. The creative team, designs and interpretations generally change from the production to succeeding productions. Some production elements, however, may be retained from the production, for example. There is no fixed length for a musical, while it can range from a short one-act entertainment to several acts and several hours in length, most musicals range from one and a half to three hours. Musicals are usually presented in two acts, with one intermission, and the first act is frequently longer than the second. A book musical is usually built four to six main theme tunes that are reprised later in the show. Several shorter musicals on Broadway and in the West End have been presented in one act in recent decades, moments of greatest dramatic intensity in a book musical are often performed in song. Proverbially, when the emotion becomes too strong for speech, you sing, typically, many fewer words are sung in a five-minute song than are spoken in a five-minute block of dialogue. Therefore, there is time to develop drama in a musical than in a straight play of equivalent length. Within the compressed nature of a musical, the writers must develop the characters, the material presented in a musical may be original, or it may be adapted from novels, plays, classic legends, historical events or films. On the other hand, many musical theatre works have been adapted for musical films, such as West Side Story, My Fair Lady, The Sound of Music, Oliver

Musical theater
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The Black Crook (1866), which some historians consider the first musical
Musical theater
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A Gaiety Girl (1893) was one of the first hit musicals
Musical theater
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George Gershwin
Musical theater
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Chinese Opera

4.
Tony Award
–
The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Broadway Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony

5.
Marlon Brando
–
Marlon Brando, Jr. was an American actor, film director and activist. He is credited with bringing realism to film acting and he helped to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting, studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s. Julius Caesar, The Wild One, Reflections in a Golden Eye, Last Tango in Paris, Brando was also an activist for many causes, notably the Civil Rights Movement and various Native American movements. Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata, Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewiczs 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeares Julius Caesar, and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara, an adaption of James Micheners 1954 novel. Brando was included in a list of Top Ten Money Making Stars three times in the 1950s, coming in at number 10 in 1954, number 6 in 1955, the 1960s proved to be a fallow decade for Brando. The Godfather was then one of the most commercially successful films of all time, Brando took a four-year hiatus before appearing in The Missouri Breaks. After this, he was content with being a highly paid actor in cameo roles, such as in Superman and The Formula. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Brando was paid a record $3.7 million and 11. 75% of the profits for 13 days work on Superman. Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950. He was one of three professional actors, along with Charlie Chaplin and Marilyn Monroe, named in 1999 by Time magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the Century. He died of respiratory failure on July 1,2004, at age 80, Brando was born on April 3,1924, in Omaha, Nebraska, to Marlon Brando, Sr. a pesticide and chemical feed manufacturer, and Dorothy Julia. Brando had two sisters, Jocelyn Brando and Frances. His ancestry included German, Dutch, English, and Irish and his patrilineal immigrant ancestor, Johann Wilhelm Brandau, arrived in New York in the early 1700s from the Palatinate in Germany. Brando was raised a Christian Scientist, however, she was an alcoholic and often had to be brought home from Chicago bars by her husband. In his autobiography, Songs My Mother Taught Me, Brando expressed sadness when writing about his mother, dodie and Brandos father eventually joined Alcoholics Anonymous. Brando harbored far more enmity for his father, stating, I was his namesake and he enjoyed telling me I couldnt do anything right. He had a habit of telling me I would never amount to anything, Brandos parents moved to Evanston, Illinois, when his fathers work took him to Chicago, but separated when Brando was 11 years old. His mother took the three children to Santa Ana, California, where they lived with her mother, in 1937, Brandos parents reconciled and moved together to Libertyville, Illinois, a small town north of Chicago

6.
Jean Simmons
–
Jean Merilyn Simmons, OBE was an English-born American actress and singer. One of J. Simmons was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Hamlet, and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for Guys and Dolls. Other notable film appearances included Young Bess, The Robe, Elmer Gantry, Spartacus, and she also won an Emmy Award for the 1983 miniseries The Thorn Birds. Simmons was born in Lower Holloway, London, to Charles Simmons, jean was the youngest of four children with siblings Lorna, Harold and Edna. She began acting at the age of 14, during the Second World War, the Simmons family was evacuated to Winscombe, Somerset. Returning to London and just enrolled at the Aida Foster School of Dance, Simmons was spotted by the director Val Guest, small roles in several other films followed including the high-profile Caesar and Cleopatra, produced by Gabriel Pascal. Pascal saw potential in Simmons and in 1945 he signed her to a seven-year contract, prior to moving to Hollywood, she played the young Estella in David Leans version of Great Expectations and Ophelia in Laurence Oliviers Hamlet, for which she received her first Oscar nomination. She played an Indian girl in the Powell-Pressburger film Black Narcissus, but I figured Id just go off and get married and have children like my mother. It was working with David Lean that convinced me to go on, in 1949 Simmons starred with Stewart Granger in Adam and Evelyne. In 1950 she was voted the fourth most popular star in Britain, in 1951 Rank sold her contract to Howard Hughes, who then owned the RKO Pictures. In 1950 she married Stewart Granger, with whom she appeared in films. She made four films for Hughes, including Angel Face, directed by Otto Preminger, according to David Thomson if she had made only one film – Angel Face – she might now be spoken of with the awe given to Louise Brooks. A court case freed her from the contract with Hughes in 1952, in 1953 she starred alongside Spencer Tracy in The Actress, a film that was one of her personal favourites. In the opinion of film critic Philip French, Home Before Dark saw her give perhaps her finest performance as a housewife driven into a breakdown in Mervyn LeRoys psychodrama, by the 1970s Simmons turned her focus to stage and television acting. She toured the United States in Stephen Sondheims A Little Night Music, then took the show to London, and thus originated the role of Desirée Armfeldt in the West End. Performing in the show for three years, she said she never tired of Sondheims music, No matter how tired or off you felt, the music would just pick you up. She portrayed Fiona Fee Cleary, the Cleary family matriarch, in the 1983 miniseries The Thorn Birds, in 1985-86 she appeared in North and South, again playing the role of the family matriarch as Clarissa Main. She made a late appearance in the Star Trek, The Next Generation episode The Drumhead as a retired Starfleet admiral

7.
Pulitzer Prize for Drama
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The Pulitzer Prize for Drama is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes and it recognizes a theatrical work staged in the U. S. during the preceding calendar year. The drama jury, which consists of one academic and four critics, attends plays in New York, in 1955 Joseph Pulitzer, Jr. Edward Albees Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf. was selected for the 1963 Pulitzer Prize for Drama by that awards committee. However, the selection was overruled by the awards advisory board. Had Albee been awarded, he would be tied with Eugene ONeill for the most Pulitzer Prizes for Drama, in its first 98 years to 2013, the Drama Pulitzer was awarded 82 times, none were given in 15 years and it was never split. Many of the prizes were won by people for their collaboration. * Star marks winners of the annual Tony Award for Best Play or Best Musical,1917, no award 1918, Why Marry. – Jesse Lynch Williams 1919, no award Nine musicals have won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and they are, George and Ira Gershwins Of Thee I Sing, Rodgers and Hammersteins South Pacific, Bock & Harnicks Fiorello. Of Thee I Sing, Sunday in the Park with George, however, Of Thee I Sing opened when the Tony Awards did not exist, and Next to Normal won the Tony Award for Best Original Score and the Tony Award for Best Orchestrations. The award goes to the playwright, although production of the play is taken into account. In the case of a musical being awarded the prize, the composer, lyricist, the reason given was that the Pulitzer Prize for Drama is a dramatic award, and not a musical one. Additionally, since 1983, when the identity of finalists was first disclosed and they are, Lee Breuer and Bob Telsons The Gospel at Colonus, Lin-Manuel Miranda and Quiara Alegría Hudes In the Heights, and Jeanine Tesori and Lisa Krons Fun Home. The latter two shows, however, each won the Tony Award for Best Musical, ¹All listed dates are Prize years. Generally, the musical in question opened in New York during either the preceding year or the preceding Broadway season. Eugene ONeill won the Pulitzer for Drama four times, three in the 1920s, several people have won two or three. Media related to Pulitzer Prize for Drama winners at Wikimedia Commons

Pulitzer Prize for Drama

8.
House Un-American Activities Committee
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The House Un-American Activities Committee was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives. The HUAC was created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of citizens, public employees. In 1969, the House changed the name to House Committee on Internal Security. When the House abolished the committee in 1975, its functions were transferred to the House Judiciary Committee, the committees anti-communist investigations are often associated with those of Joseph McCarthy who, as a U. S. Senator, had no direct involvement with this House committee. McCarthy was the chairman of the Government Operations Committee and its Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the U. S. Senate, not the House. The Overman Committee was a subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary chaired by North Carolina Democratic Senator Lee Slater Overman that operated from September 1918 to June 1919, the subcommittee investigated German as well as Bolshevik elements in the United States. This committee was concerned with investigating pro-German sentiments in the American liquor industry. Among the committees targets were the American Civil Liberties Union and communist presidential candidate William Z. Foster, the committee was widely known as the McCormack-Dickstein committee. Its records are held by the National Archives and Records Administration as records related to HUAC, the committee investigated allegations of a fascist plot to seize the White House, known as the business plot. Although the plot was reported as a hoax, the committee confirmed some details of the accusations. It is unclear whether he passed on any information. It was chaired by Martin Dies, Jr. and therefore known as the Dies Committee, in 1938, Hallie Flanagan, the head of the Federal Theatre Project, was subpoenaed to appear before the committee to answer the charge the project was overrun with communists. Flanagan was called to testify for only a part of one day, in 1939, the committee investigated leaders of the American Youth Congress, a Communist International affiliate organization. The committee also put together an argument for the internment of Japanese Americans known as the Yellow Report, a number of anti-WRA arguments were presented in subsequent hearings, but Director Dillon Myer debunked the more inflammatory claims. Twenty years later, in 1965–1966, however, the committee did conduct an investigation into Klan activities under chairman Edwin Willis, the House Committee on Un-American Activities became a standing committee in 1945. Democratic Representative Edward J. Hart of New Jersey became the committees first chairman, under this mandate, the committee focused its investigations on real and suspected communists in positions of actual or supposed influence in the United States society. A significant step for HUAC was its investigation of the charges of espionage brought against Alger Hiss in 1948 and this investigation ultimately resulted in Hisss trial and conviction for perjury, and convinced many of the usefulness of congressional committees for uncovering communist subversion. In 1947, the committee held nine days of hearings into alleged communist propaganda, after conviction on contempt of Congress charges for refusal to answer some questions posed by committee members, The Hollywood Ten were blacklisted by the industry

House Un-American Activities Committee
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While newsmen take notes, Chairman Dies of House Committee Investigating Un-American Activities reads and proofs his letter replying to Pres. Roosevelt's attack on the Committee, Oct. 26, 1938
House Un-American Activities Committee
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Lee Slater Overman headed the first Congressional investigation of American Communism in 1919.
House Un-American Activities Committee
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Conservative Texas Democrat Martin Dies served as chair of the Special Committee on Un-American Activities, predecessor to the permanent committee, for its entire 7-year duration.
House Un-American Activities Committee
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Democrat Francis E. Walter of Pennsylvania was chair of HUAC from 1955 until his death in 1963.

9.
George S. Kaufman
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George Simon Kaufman was an American playwright, theatre director and producer, humorist, and drama critic. In addition to comedies and political satire, he wrote several musicals, One play and one musical that he wrote won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, You Cant Take It with You, and Of Thee I Sing. He also won the Tony Award as a Director, for the musical Guys, Kaufman then began his career as a journalist and drama critic, he was the drama editor for The New York Times from 1917 through 1930. Kaufman took his editorial responsibilities very seriously, according to legend, on one occasion a press agent asked, How do I get our leading ladys name in the Times. He worked with Moss Hart in 1930 on the Broadway hit Once in a Lifetime and also with Hart, wrote You Cant Take it With You, Kaufmans Broadway debut was September 4,1918 at the Knickerbocker Theatre, with the premiere of the melodrama Someone in the House. He coauthored the play with Walter C, percival, based on a magazine story written by Larry Evans. The play opened on Broadway during that years serious flu epidemic, with dour glee, Kaufman suggested that the best way to avoid crowds in New York City was to attend his play. In every Broadway season from 1921 through 1958, there was a written or directed by Kaufman. Since Kaufmans death in 1961, there have been revivals of his work on Broadway in the 1960s, the 1970s, the 1980s, the 2000s, Kaufman wrote only one play alone, The Butter and Egg Man in 1925. Marquand he wrote an adaptation of Marquands novel The Late George Apley. According to his biography on PBS, he wrote some of the American theaters most enduring comedies with Moss Hart. Their work includes Once in a Lifetime, Merrily We Roll Along, The Man Who Came to Dinner and You Cant Take It with You, for a period, Kaufman lived at 158 West 58th Street in New York City. The building later would be the setting for Stage Door and it is now the Park Savoy Hotel and for many years was considered a single room occupancy hotel. Musical theatre Despite his claim that he knew nothing about music and hated it in the theatre, according to Charlotte Chandler, By the time Animal Crackers opened. The Marx Brothers were becoming famous enough to interest Hollywood, paramount signed them to a contract. Kaufman was one of the writers who excelled in writing intelligent nonsense for Groucho Marx, though the Marx Brothers were notoriously critical of their writers, Groucho and Harpo Marx expressed admiration and gratitude towards Kaufman. Dick Cavett, introducing Groucho onstage at Carnegie Hall in 1972, while The Cocoanuts was being developed in Atlantic City, Irving Berlin was hugely enthusiastic about a song he had written for the show. Kaufman was less enthusiastic, and refused to rework the libretto to include this number, the discarded song was Always, ultimately a huge hit for Berlin, recorded by many popular performers

10.
Bacardi
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Bacardi Limited is the largest privately held, family-owned spirits company in the world. Originally known for its eponymous Bacardi white rum, it now has a portfolio of more than 200 brands and labels. Founded in 1862, and family-owned for seven generations, Bacardi employs 6,000 people, manufactures at 29 facilities in 16 markets on four continents, Bacardi Limited refers to the Bacardi group of companies, including Bacardi International Limited. The company sells in excess of 200 million bottles per year, the companys sales in 2007 were US$5.5 billion, up from $4.9 billion in 2006. In recent years sales have stagnated, with the company recording US$4.6 billion in 2014 and it laid off 10% of its North American workforce in 2015. Bacardi Limited is headquartered in Hamilton, Bermuda, and has a 16-member board of directors led by the original founders great-great grandson, along with other leading alcohol producers, Bacardi is part of a producers commitments organization which aims to reduce harmful drinking. Facundo Bacardí Massó, a Spanish wine merchant, was born in Sitges, Catalonia, Spain, in 1814, during this period, rum was cheaply made and not considered a refined drink, and rarely sold in upmarket taverns. Facundo began attempting to tame rum by isolating a proprietary strain of yeast still used in Bacardi production and this yeast gives Bacardi rum its flavour profile. After experimenting with several techniques he hit upon filtering the rum through charcoal, in addition to this, Facundo aged the rum in white oak barrels, which had the effect of mellowing the drink. The final product was the first clear, or white rum in the world. Moving from the stage to a more commercial endeavour, he and his brother José set up a Santiago de Cuba distillery they bought in 1862. In the rafters of this building lived fruit bats – the inspiration for the Bacardi bat logo and this logo was pragmatic considering with high illiteracy rate in the 19th century, it enabled customers to easily identify the product. The 1880s and 90s were turbulent times for Cuba and the company, Emilio Bacardi, Don Facundos eldest son, was repeatedly imprisoned and was exiled from Cuba for having fought in the rebel army against Spain in the Cuban War of Independence. Emilios brothers, Facundo and José, and his brother-in-law Henri Schueg, the women in the family were exiled in Kingston, Jamaica. After the Cuban War of Independence and the US occupation of Cuba, The Original Cuba Libre, in 1899 US General Leonard Wood appointed Emilio Bacardi Mayor of Santiago de Cuba. In 1912, Emilio Bacardi travelled to Egypt, where he purchased a mummy for the future Emilio Bacardi Moreau Municipal Museum in Santiago de Cuba. In Santiago, his brother Facundo M. Bacardí continued to manage the company along with Schueg, the New York plant was soon shut down due to Prohibition, yet during this time Cuba became a hotspot for US tourists. In 1922 Emilio opened a new distillery in Santiago, in 1930 Schueg opened the Art Deco Bacardi building in Havana and the third generation of the Bacardí family entered the business

11.
Richard Rodgers Theatre
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The Richard Rodgers Theatre is a Broadway theater located at 226 West 46th Street, between Broadway and 8th Avenue, in New York City. The theatre was built by Irwin Chanin in 1925 and was originally called Chanins 46th Street Theatre, Chanin almost immediately leased it to the Shuberts, who bought the building outright in 1931 and renamed it the 46th Street Theatre. In 1945, the theatre was taken over by Robert W. Dowling, in 1960, it was purchased by the producer Lester Osterman. Who sold it to producers Stephen R. Friedman and Irwin Meyer in 1978, in 1981, it was purchased and renovated by the Nederlander Organization, who in 1990 changed the houses name to the Richard Rodgers Theatre in memory of the composer. The theatre currently holds the distinction of having housed the greatest number of Tony Award-winning Best Plays and Best Musicals, the Richard Rodgers Theatre is notable in that it was the first to feature Chanins democratic seating plan. In most earlier Broadway theatres, patrons seated in the cheaper balcony, instead, all patrons entered the new theatre through the same doors, and a series of steps inside the house led to the upper seating areas. Hamilton achieved the box office record for the Richard Rodgers Theatre, the production grossed $3,335,430 for the week ending January 1st,2017 with a top ticket price at $998 and 105. 887% of the theatres gross potential. Broadway Theatre Guide with full details for the Richard Rodgers Theatre The Richard Rodgers at the Internet Broadway Database New York City Landmark Guide

12.
Herbert Greene (Broadway conductor)
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Herbert Greene was a musician, conductor, arranger and voice teacher prominent on the Broadway stage in New York City. He won two Tony Awards for the 1958 musical The Music Man, Greene was born on June 16,1921, in Brooklyn, New York. As a boy, he studied to be a singer with Thomas LoMonaco. Mr. Instead, Greene asked Bernstein if he could conduct the show, Bernstein, impressed by the 23-year-olds audacity and convinced that he was a conductor, auditioned him and made him the conductor of matinees. When Bernstein left On the Town, Greene took over as conductor, Greene was the conductor, music director or vocal arranger of a dozen other Broadway shows, including Guys and Dolls and The Most Happy Fella for Frank Loesser. In addition to being a singer, actor, conductor and arranger, he was known as a voice doctor who could take a film or stage actor. According to his obituary in The New York Times, many Hollywood stars, wishing to learn to sing before performing on Broadway and he had two children by Lucy Greene. He lived in New York City until 1966, when he moved to Los Angeles to work in the film industry and he returned to New York City to resume work on the Broadway stage in 1982, and he died there on September 25,1985

13.
New York City Center
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New York City Center is a 2, 257-seat Moorish Revival theater located at 131 West 55th Street between 6th and 7th Avenues in Manhattan, New York City. It is one block south of Carnegie Hall, City Center is especially known as a performing home for several major dance companies as well as the Encores. Musical theater series and the Fall for Dance Festival, the facility houses the 2,257 seat main stage, two smaller theaters, four studios and a 12-story office tower. The Shriners had previously held their meetings at Carnegie Hall, according to Broadway lore, Carnegie Hall management was disturbed by the amount of cigar smoke generated during Shriners meetings and evicted them. Although the Shriners owned a clubhouse at 107 West 45th Street, large meetings had earlier held in Carnegie Hall. In 1921, Mecca Temple bought the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation movie studio site from Yale University for $400,000, the cornerstone was laid on December 13,1923 by Judge Arthur S. Tompkins, Grand Master of Masons in NY State. The dedication ceremony took place onstage, December 29,1924, the first public musical concert took place late the next year, by John Philip Sousas band, with Walter Damrosch and Willem Mengelberg among the audience. The buildings design is Neo-Moorish and features interior and exterior polychromed tile work, murals. The 102-foot wide, 54-foot tall dome is covered more than 28,000 individual tiles. The building was designed by architects Harry P. Knowles, who died before its completion, the auditorium and three Masonic lodge rooms included four M. P. Moller pipe organs. After the financial crash of 1929 the Mecca Shriners were unable to pay the taxes on the building, the Star Spangled Banner was conducted that evening by Mayor La Guardia. Each season, from the 1940s through the 1960s, City Center presented numerous music, the center was also famous as an inexpensive venue for revivals of dozens of classic and then-recent Broadway musicals, among them Oklahoma. Carousel, South Pacific, and Show Boat, one of the first dance companies to perform regularly there was the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, from 1944 to 1948. New York City Center was home to the New York City Opera, City Centers office tower was home for the production team who created the famed television show Your Show of Shows starring Sid Caesar. With the 1960s construction of Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, City Center Theater lost New York City Opera and New York City Ballet, after Newbold Morris retired, Morton Baum, Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Board led City Center. With the assistance of Lincoln Center, NYCB and NYCO were organized into corporations with City Center of Music. CCMD leased the New York State Theater from Lincoln Center, which leased it from the City of New York, the films were selected by Cinémathèque Française founder and director Henri Langlois, from its archive of more than 50,000 films. Chosen for their significance and contributions to the history of filmmaking, they included work from official film industries as well as current, the program was the most diverse film exhibition held in the United States to date

New York City Center
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Early Postcard of the Mecca Temple, New York City
New York City Center
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1922 Mecca Temple (NY, NY, U.S.A.) $100, 20-year, 5% construction bond, top half
New York City Center
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1962 City Center Playbill showing building façade
New York City Center
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Interior view

14.
Walter Matthau
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He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the 1966 Billy Wilder film The Fortune Cookie. Besides the Oscar, he was the winner of BAFTA, Golden Globe, Matthau was born Walter John Matthow on October 1,1920, in New York Citys Lower East Side. His mother, Rose, was a Lithuanian Jewish immigrant who worked in a garment sweatshop, as part of a lifelong love of practical jokes, Matthau himself created the rumors that his middle name was Foghorn and his last name was originally Matuschanskayasky. As a young boy, Matthau attended a Jewish non-profit sleepaway camp, Tranquillity Camp and he also attended Surprise Lake Camp. His high school was Seward Park High School and he worked for a short time as a concession stand cashier in the Yiddish Theatre District. He was based at RAF Old Buckenham, Norfolk during this time and he reached the rank of staff sergeant and became interested in acting. He took classes in acting at the Dramatic Workshop of The New School with German director Erwin Piscator and he often joked that his best early review came in a play where he posed as a derelict. One reviewer said, The others just looked like actors in make-up, Matthau was a respected stage actor for years in such fare as Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter. He won the 1962 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a play, Matthau appeared in the pilot of Mister Peepers with Wally Cox. For reasons unknown he used the name Leonard Elliot and his role was of the gym teacher Mr. Wall. He made his motion picture debut as a bad guy in The Kentuckian opposite Burt Lancaster. He played a villain in King Creole, in which he gets beaten up by Elvis Presley, around the same time, he made Ride a Crooked Trail with Audie Murphy, and Onionhead starring Andy Griffith, the latter was a flop. Matthau had a role opposite Griffith in the well received drama A Face in the Crowd. Matthau also directed a movie called The Gangster Story and was a sympathetic sheriff in Lonely Are the Brave. He appeared opposite Audrey Hepburn in Charade, appearances on television were common too, including two on Naked City, as well as an episode of The Eleventh Hour. He appeared eight times between 1962 and 1964 on The DuPont Show of the Week and as Franklin Gaer in an episode of Dr. Kildare, additionally he featured in the syndicated crime drama Tallahassee 7000, as a Florida-based state police investigator. Comedies were rare in Matthaus work at that time, Neil Simon cast him in the play The Odd Couple in 1965, with Matthau playing slovenly sportswriter Oscar Madison, opposite Art Carney as Felix Unger. Matthau later reprised the role in the version, with Jack Lemmon as Felix Ungar

15.
Helen Gallagher
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Helen Gallagher is an American actress, dancer, and singer. Born in Brooklyn, she was raised in Scarsdale, New York for several years until the Wall Street crash which heralded the Great Depression and her parents separated and she was raised with an aunt. Gallagher was known for decades as a Broadway performer and she appeared in Make a Wish, Hazel Flagg, Portofino, High Button Shoes, Sweet Charity, and Cry for Us All. In 1952, she won a Tony Award for her work in the revival of Pal Joey, in 1971, she won her second Tony Award for her role in the revival of the musical No, No, Nanette, which also starred Ruby Keeler and Patsy Kelly. Her song and dance number with Bobby Van from that show and she would later take on the role of Sue Smith in the Papermill Playhouse revival of the show, playing the role Keeler played a quarter century earlier. Her first starring role on Broadway came in 1953 as title character Hazel Flagg, the role earned her a feature photo shoot for Life magazine. Gallagher appeared in the 1977 movie Roseland opposite Christopher Walken, an aficionada of Rodgers and Hammerstein, she appeared on a special tribute to Richard Rodgers on The Bell Telephone Hour. She was nominated for five Daytime Emmy Awards for her work on the serial, winning in 1976,1977, at the time she was cast in Ryans Hope, Gallagher taught singing in her home three times a week. Michael Hawkins, who would play the first Frank Ryan, was one of her students, as the show progressed further into the 1980s, the ratings took a steep slide. When ABC executives cancelled Ryans Hope, Claire Labine ended the episode with Maeve at the family bar, Ryans, singing her favorite tune. She has continued to act in various Off-Broadway and professional theater productions, in 1984, Gallagher starred in the title role of Tallulah, a musical stage biography of actress Tallulah Bankhead. She is currently a faculty member at HB Studio, Helen Gallagher at the Internet Broadway Database Helen Gallagher at the Internet Movie Database Helen Gallagher at the Internet Off-Broadway Database Helen Gallagher at Broadway World

16.
Alan King (comedian)
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Alan King was an American actor and comedian known for his biting wit and often angry humorous rants. King became well known as a Jewish comedian and satirist and he was also a serious actor who appeared in a number of movies and television shows. King wrote several books, produced films, and appeared in plays, in later years, he helped many philanthropic causes. The youngest of 8 children, King was born in New York City, New York, the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants Minnie and Bernard Kniberg and he spent his first years on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Later, Kings family moved to Brooklyn, King used humor to survive in the tough neighborhoods. As a child, King performed impersonations on street corners for pennies, when he was fourteen, King performed Brother, Can You Spare A Dime on the radio program Major Bowes Amateur Hour. He lost first prize, but was invited to join a nationwide tour, at fifteen, King dropped out of high school to perform comedy at the Hotel Gradus in the Catskill Mountains. He later worked in Canada in a house while also fighting as a professional boxer. He won twenty straight fights before losing, nursing a broken nose, King decided to quit boxing and focus on his comedy career. King began working as a doorman at the popular nightclub Leon and Eddies while performing comedy under the last name of the boxer who beat him, King began his comedy career with one-liner routines and other material concerning mothers-in-law and Jews. His style of comedy changed when he saw Danny Thomas performing in the early 1950s, King realized that Thomas was talking to his audience, not at them, and was getting a better response. King changed his own style from one-liners to a conversational style that used everyday life for humor. His comedy inspired other such as Joan Rivers, Jerry Seinfeld, Larry David, Billy Crystal, Robert Klein. King married Jeanette Sprung in 1947 and they had three children, Andrew, Robert, and Elainie Ray. His wife persuaded him to move to Forest Hills, Queens for their children, and later, to Great Neck, Long Island, there, he developed comedy revolving around life in suburbia. With America moving to suburbs, Kings humor took off and he began opening for celebrities including Judy Garland, Patti Page, Nat King Cole, Billy Eckstine, Lena Horne and Tony Martin. When Martin was cast in the movie Hit the Deck, he suggested King for a part, King played small roles in movies in the 1950s, but disliked playing stereotypical roles that he described as always the sergeant from Brooklyn named Kowalski. King eventually expanded his range and made a name for himself in a variety of films

17.
Sheila MacRae
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Sheila MacRae was an English-born American actress, singer, and dancer. MacRae appeared in films as Caged, Backfire, and Sex. In her first continuing role on television, between 1966 and 1970, MacRae played Alice Kramden on 52 episodes of The Jackie Gleason Show and she went on to have her own short-lived television series, and to play Madelyn Richmond on the long-running soap opera General Hospital. Sheila Margaret Stephens was born in London in 1921, but evacuated with her parents to Long Island, New York, in 1939 and she finished high school when she was 15. She married actor and singer Gordon MacRae in 1941, the couple divorced in 1967 and they often appeared on the stage together, in musicals such as Bells Are Ringing, and Guys and Dolls. They were the parents of two daughters, actresses Heather and Meredith MacRae, and two sons, William Gordon MacRae and Robert Bruce MacRae, two of Sheilas four children, Meredith and Robert, predeceased her. She later married Ronald Wayne, a television producer, MacRae became a naturalized United States citizen on 20 March 1959, in California. MacRae, a devout Christian Scientist, died suddenly on 6 March 2014, in Englewood, New Jersey, aged 92, MacRae appearance on Whats My Line on 30 September 1962 Sheila MacRae at the Internet Movie Database Sheila MacRae at the Internet Broadway Database

Sheila MacRae
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MacRae in 1974

18.
The Broadway Theatre
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The Broadway Theatre is a Broadway theatre located in midtown Manhattan. It has a seating capacity of 1,761, and unlike most Broadway theaters, it is actually located on Broadway. Designed by architect Eugene De Rosa for Benjamin S. Moss, it opened as B. S. Mosss Colony Theatre on Christmas Day 1924 as a venue for vaudeville shows, the theater has operated under many names and owners. It was renamed Universals Colony Theatre, B. S. Moss Broadway Theatre, in 1937, known as Ciné Roma, it showed Italian films. For a short time during the 1950s it showed Cinerama films, on November 18,1928 the first Mickey Mouse cartoon released to the public, Steamboat Willie, debuted at the Colony. Producer Walt Disney returned on November 13,1940 to debut the feature film Fantasia in Fantasound, the legitimate theater opened in 1930 with The New Yorkers by Cole Porter. Stars such as Milton Berle, Alfred Drake, José Ferrer, Eartha Kitt, Vivien Leigh, Zero Mostel, the Shubert Organization bought the theater in 1939 and renovated it extensively in 1956 and 1986. It has long been a theatre for producers of musicals because of large seating capacity, and the large stage. Often plays that have become successful in smaller theaters have transferred to the Broadway Theatre, the Cambridge guide to American theatre

The Broadway Theatre
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The Broadway Theatre in 2010, when it played host to Promises, Promises
The Broadway Theatre
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Entrance, showing The Color Purple
The Broadway Theatre
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The Broadway Theatre during the run of Sister Act, ca. 2011.

19.
Robert Guillaume
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In a career that has spanned more than 50 years he has worked extensively on stage, television, and film. Guillaume was born in St. Louis, Missouri and he studied at St. Louis University and Washington University and served in the United States Army before pursuing an acting career. After leaving the university, Guillaume joined the Karamu Players in Cleveland and performed in musical comedies and he toured the world in 1959 as a cast member of the Broadway musical Free and Easy. He made his Broadway debut in Kwamina in 1961, added roles were in Katherine Dunhams Bambouche and in Fly The Blackbird. In 1964 he portrayed Sportin Life in a revival of Porgy, Guillaume has been a member of the Robert de Cormier Singers, performing in concerts and on television. He has soloed on The Tonight Show and he recorded a LP record, Columbia CS9033, titled Just Arrived as a member of The Pilgrims, a folk trio, with Angeline Butler and Millard Williams. In the sixties he was in Vienna, Austria, Europe at the Vienna Volksoper, marcel Prawy engaged Robert Guillaume for the role of Sporting Life in Porgy and Bess. His series-regular debut began on the ABC series Soap, playing Benson, Guillaume continued the role in a spin-off series, Benson, from 1979 until 1986. Guillaume also played Dr. Franklin in Season 6 episode #8 titled Chain Letter in the series All in the Family, Guillaume suffered a mild stroke on January 14,1999, while filming an episode of the latter series. He recovered and his character was also depicted as having had a stroke. He also made a guest appearance on 8 Simple Rules for Dating My Teenage Daughter, the Kid from Left Field Seems Like Old Times The Kid with the Broken Halo The Kid with the 200 I. Q. He also voiced Amedee Carillon in The Real Story of Sur Le Pont DAvignon and he voiced Mr. Thicknose in The Land Before Time VIII, The Big Freeze. He also supplied the voice for Eli Vance in the 2004 video game Half-Life 2, in 1995, Guillaume received a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children for The Lion King read-along book, which he narrates in the voice of Rafiki. Guillaume has a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame, on November 28,1984, Guillaume received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in the television industry

Robert Guillaume
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Guillaume in 1980
Robert Guillaume
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As Benson in Soap, 1977.

20.
Norma Donaldson
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Norma Mae Donaldson was an American actress and singer. Born in Harlem, Donaldson launched her career as a singer and then toured with Harry Belafonte. In 1971, Donaldson began appearing in some Blaxploitation films such as 1972s Across 110th Street and she and Guillaume were again paired in Purlie and No Place to be Somebody. Donaldson died of cancer at Cedars Sinai Hospital in Los Angeles on November 22,1994 at 66 years old and she was buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Buffalo, New York. Norma Donaldson at the Internet Movie Database

Norma Donaldson
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Donaldson in 1972.

21.
Royal National Theatre
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The Royal National Theatre in London is one of the United Kingdoms three most prominent publicly funded performing arts venues, alongside the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Royal Opera House. Internationally, it is known as the National Theatre of Great Britain, from its foundation in 1963 until 1976, the company was based at the Old Vic theatre in Waterloo. The current building is located next to the Thames in the South Bank area of central London, in addition to performances at the National Theatre building, the National Theatre company tours productions at theatres across the United Kingdom. Since 1988, the theatre has been permitted to call itself the Royal National Theatre, the theatre presents a varied programme, including Shakespeare and other international classic drama, and new plays by contemporary playwrights. Each auditorium in the theatre can run up to three shows in repertoire, thus widening the number of plays which can be put on during any one season. In June 2009, the theatre began National Theatre Live, a programme of simulcasts of live productions to cinemas, first in the United Kingdom, the programme began with a production of Phèdre, starring Helen Mirren, which was screened live in 70 cinemas across the UK. NT Live productions have since been broadcast to over 1,000 venues in 35 countries around the world, the NT had an annual turnover of approximately £87 million in 2012–13, of which earned income made up 80%. Support from Arts Council England provided 20% of income, and the remaining 7% came from a mixture of companies, individuals, trusts, in 1847, a critic using the pseudonym Dramaticus published a pamphlet describing the parlous state of British theatre. Production of serious plays was restricted to the patent theatres, at the same time, there was a burgeoning theatre sector featuring a diet of low melodrama and musical burlesque, but critics described British theatre as driven by commercialism and a star system. There was a demand to commemorate serious theatre, with the Shakespeare Committee purchasing the playwrights birthplace for the nation demonstrating a recognition of the importance of serious drama, the following year saw more pamphlets on a demand for a National Theatre from London publisher Effingham William Wilson. The situation continued, with a renewed call every decade for a National Theatre, attention was aroused in 1879 when the Comédie-Française took a residency at the Gaiety Theatre, described in The Times as representing the highest aristocracy of the theatre. This still left the capital without a national theatre and this work was interrupted by World War I. The play was part of the campaign to build a National Theatre. Still, the Government tried to apply unacceptable conditions to save money, attempting to force the amalgamation of the publicly supported companies. In July 1962, with agreements reached, a board was set up to supervise construction. The National Theatre Company opened on 22 October 1963 with Hamlet, the current building was designed by architects Sir Denys Lasdun and Peter Softley and structural engineers Flint & Neill and contains three stages, which opened individually between 1976 and 1977. The construction work was carried out by Sir Robert McAlpine, the Company was to remain at the Old Vic until 1977, when construction of the Olivier was complete. The National Theatre building houses three separate auditoria, additionally, a temporary structure was added in April 2013 and closed in May 2016

Royal National Theatre
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The National Theatre from Waterloo Bridge
Royal National Theatre
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Denys Lasdun's building for the National Theatre – an "urban landscape" of interlocking terraces responding to the site at King's Reach on the River Thames to exploit views of St Paul's Cathedral and Somerset House.
Royal National Theatre
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Laurence Olivier was the first artistic director of the Royal National Theatre, in 1963. Shown in a photograph by Carl Van Vechten, 1939
Royal National Theatre
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Facing east; towards the City of London, from Waterloo Bridge. Showing St. Paul's, and other major City buildings – to the right, the illuminated National Theatre.

22.
Julia McKenzie
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Julia Kathleen McKenzie is an English actress, singer, presenter, and theatre director. On television, she is known for her BAFTA Award nominated role as Hester Fields in the sitcom Fresh Fields and its sequel French Fields, and as Miss Marple in Agatha Christies Marple. McKenzie has also starred in musicals, receiving a 1977 Tony Award nomination for her work in the Broadway revue. She also starred in the original London productions of the Sondheim musicals Follies and she was born Julia Kathleen McKenzie on 17 February 1941, in Enfield, Middlesex, England, the daughter of Kathleen Rowe and Albion McKenzie. She attended Tottenham County School, sometimes known as Tottenham County Grammar School and she trained at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. McKenzies early West End musical credits include Maggie May, Mame and she also received a Drama Desk Award nomination. For her role as Miss Adelaide in the 1982 West End revival of Guys and Dolls, for her role in the 1986 West End production of the Alan Ayckbourn play Woman in Mind, McKenzie won the Evening Standard Award for Best Actress. She continued her association with Stephen Sondheim when she starred as Mrs. Lovett in the 1993 London revival of Sweeney Todd, the role won her a second Olivier Award in 1994. McKenzie appeared in a National Theatre 80th birthday tribute to Lord Olivier, Happy Birthday, Sir Larry, on television, McKenzie co-starred with Irene Handl in the sitcom Maggie and Her, and with Gareth Hunt in That Beryl Marston. The role also earned her a 1985 BAFTA nomination for Best Entertainment Performance and she appeared as Mrs Forthby in Blott on the Landscape and as a villager involved in a series of murders in an episode of Midsomer Murders. Film credits include Hotel du Lac, Shirley Valentine, Bright Young Things and she made several appearances in BBC TVs long running variety show, The Good Old Days. In 2007 she was reunited with Anton Rodgers in the ITV comedy You Can Choose Your Friends. In 2007 she co-starred with Michael Gambon and Judi Dench in the BBC1 costume drama series Cranford, playing Mrs. Forrester, in 2008 she was announced as the replacement for Geraldine McEwan as ITVs Miss Marple. McKenzie noted, It’s difficult because Agatha Christie wrote her in two ways. First, very much what Geraldine McEwan played, a slight, rather Victorian creature, then, a little sturdier and tweedier. A lot of say they don’t like the tweedier version. Also, she said, Just about everybody in the world knows about Miss Marple and has an opinion of what she should be like, so I’m under no illusions about the size of the task ahead. McKenzies first series of Marple comprised A Pocket Full of Rye, Murder is Easy, They Do It with Mirrors and Why Didnt They Ask Evans. The second series of the show, which aired in 2010, included The Pale Horse, The Secret of Chimneys, The Blue Geranium, and The Mirror Crackd from Side to Side

Julia McKenzie
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Julia McKenzie in 2006

23.
Paul Jones (singer)
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Paul Jones is an English singer, actor, harmonica player, radio personality and television presenter. Paul Jones was born as Paul Pond in Portsmouth, Hampshire, Jones he performed duets with Elmo Lewis at the Ealing Club, home of Alexis Korners Blues Incorporated, whose singers included Long John Baldry and Mick Jagger. He was asked by Keith Richards and Brian Jones to be the singer of a group they were forming. He went on to be the vocalist and harmonica player of the successful 1960s group Manfred Mann, Paul Jones had several Top Ten hits with Manfred Mann before going solo in July 1966. He remained with His Masters Voice, while his solo career in the UK was mildly successful, he sold few records in the US. He had enough hits in Sweden to have a greatest hits album released there on EMI and his subsequent single releases in Britain in the late 1960s were on Columbia Records. His performance opposite model Jean Shrimpton in the 1967 film Privilege, directed by Peter Watkins, did not bring him stardom, although the film later became a cult classic. Jones was cast as a pop singer in the film, and sang the songs Ive Been a Bad, Bad Boy and Set Me Free, which Patti Smith covered in the 1970s. In 1971 Jones recorded Crucifix in a Horseshoe with White Cloud, in 1975 he guest-starred in a TV episode of The Sweeney as Tommy Garret, a boxer-turned-gangster. Jones had previously worked with Covington in the BBCs 1975 Christmas production Great Big Groovy Horse and it was later repeated on BBC1 in 1977. His gold albums include one for Evita, in 1978 he released a single on the RSO label, consisting of orchestrated versions of the Sex Pistols Pretty Vacant and the Ramones Sheena Is a Punk Rocker, both produced by Rice. Four years later he appeared as one of the guest vocalists on the British Electric Foundations Music of Quality and Distinction, on a new version of Theres a Ghost in My House. He founded The Blues Band and is a member of the Manfreds, a group reuniting several original members of Manfred Mann, in 2009 he issued Starting All Over Again on Continental Record Services in Europe and Collectors Choice in the US. On 4 May 2009 Jones and his featured in a song during a concert by Joe Bonamassa at the Royal Albert Hall in London. That same month Jones featured, playing harmonica, on the release of Im Your Kingpin by Nick Vernier Band, in 2010 he featured on two versions of You’re Wrong from Nick Vernier Bands Sessions album. Jones was first married to novelist and reviewer Sheila MacLeod, there were two sons from the marriage, Matthew and Jacob. He is currently married to the actress, and latterly Christian speaker. He converted to Christianity in the mid-1980s as the result of being invited by Cliff Richard to a Luis Palau evangelistic event, Jones had appeared opposite Richard in the 1960s, on a television debate show where he had, at the time, opposed Richards viewpoint

24.
Imelda Staunton
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Imelda Mary Philomena Bernadette Staunton, CBE is an English stage and screen actress. After training at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Staunton began her career in theatre in the 1970s before appearing in seasons at various theatres in the UK. Her appearances on stage in The Beggars Opera, The Wizard of Oz, Uncle Vanya, Guys and Dolls, Entertaining Mr Sloane, Staunton has been nominated for a total of 11 Olivier Awards. Her other film roles include Mrs, on television, she starred in the sitcoms Up the Garden Path and Is it Legal. For the latter, she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie. Staunton was born in Archway, North London, the child of Bridie, a hairdresser, and Joseph Staunton. The family lived over Stauntons mothers hair dressing salon and her parents were first-generation Catholic immigrants from County Mayo, Ireland, her father from Ballyvary and her mother from Bohola. Stauntons mother was a musician who could not read music, encouraged by an elocution teacher at her school, Staunton auditioned for drama schools and got into the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art at the age of 18. She also auditioned for the Central School of Speech and Drama and Guildhall School of Music and Drama, but was rejected by both schools. Staunton graduated from RADA in 1976, then spent six years in English repertory theatre, including a period at the Northcott Theatre, Exeter, where she had the title role in Shaws Saint Joan. She also played Dorothy in the Royal Shakespeare Companys 1987 revival of The Wizard of Oz at the Barbican Centre, Staunton won her first Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical for playing the Bakers Wife in the original London production of Into the Woods. Both productions transferred to London for critically and commercially acclaimed runs, Staunton won her second and third Olivier Awards for Best Actress in a Musical for the two productions in 2013 and 2016 respectively. Staunton returned to the West End in 2017 as Martha in Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf. starring alongside Conleth Hill, Luke Treadaway, Stauntons first big-screen role came in a 1986 film Comrades. She then appeared in the 1992 film Peters Friends, Staunton shared a Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Performance by a Cast in 1998 for Shakespeare in Love. Staunton portrayed Dolores Umbridge in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix and she was nominated in the British Actress in a Supporting Role category at the London Film Critics Circle Awards. Staunton reprised her role as Dolores Umbridge in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part One in 2010, Staunton provided the voice of the Talking Flowers in Tim Burtons Alice in Wonderland, and played one of the lead roles in the ghost film The Awakening in 2011. In 2014, she co-starred in Maleficent as well as the British comedy-drama Pride, in late 2014, she had a voice role in Paddington, a film based on the Paddington Bear books by Michael Bond. Staunton and her Harry Potter co-star Michael Gambon voiced Paddingtons Aunt Lucy and Uncle Pastuzo, in 1993, she appeared on television alongside Richard Briers and Adrian Edmondson in If You See God, Tell Him

25.
Lulu (singer)
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Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie was born in Lennoxtown, East Dunbartonshire, and grew up in Dennistoun, Glasgow, where she attended Thomson Street Primary School and Onslow Drive School. She lived in Gallowgate for a while before moving to Garfield Street, at 12 or 13, she and her manager approached a band called the Bellrocks seeking stage experience as a singer. She appeared with them every Saturday night, Alex Thomson, the bass player, has reported that even then her voice was remarkable. Lulu has two brothers and a sister and her father was a heavy drinker.7. Massey guided her career for more than 25 years, for most of time they were partners in business. After the success of Shout, Lulus next three singles failed to make an impact on the charts, in 1965 she released Leave A Little Love, which returned her to the UK top ten. Her next record, Try to Understand made the top 30, in 1966, Lulu toured Poland with the Hollies, the first British female singer to appear live behind the Iron Curtain. In the same year she recorded two German-language tracks, Wenn du da bist and So fing es an, for the Decca Germany label, All her Decca recordings were made available in 2009 on a 2-CD entitled Shout. issued on RPM Records. After two hit singles with the Luvvers, Lulu launched her solo career and she left Decca after failing to chart in 1966 and signed with Columbia to be produced by Mickie Most. In April 1967, she returned to the UK singles chart, reaching number 6 with The Boat That I Row, All seven singles she cut with Most made the UK Singles Chart. Nonetheless, when Mickie Most died in 2003, Lulu was full of praise for him, in 1967, she made her film debut in To Sir, with Love, a British vehicle for Sidney Poitier. Lulu both acted in the film and provided the song, with which she had a major hit in the United States. To Sir With Love became the best selling single of 1967 in the US, selling well in excess of a million copies, in the UK, To Sir With Love was released on the B-side of Lets Pretend, a No.11 hit. In the late-1960s Lulus pop career in the UK thrived and she had several series of her own. Her first BBC series aired in 1965 on BBC2, where she co-hosted Gadzooks and its The In-Crowd, with Alan David, completing the run as solo host under the rebranded Gadzooks. In 1966, she made appearances on BBC1s Stramash. The series often featured resident guests, including Adrienne Posta, Roger Kitter, Paul Greenwood and Pans People along with dance troupes choreographed by Nigel Lythgoe, the 1972 series was billed as Its Lulu. Not to mention Dudley Moore with Dudley Moore and his appearing in each of the 13 shows

26.
Jerry Zaks
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Jerry Zaks is a German-born American stage and television director, and actor. Zaks was born in Stuttgart, Germany, the son of Holocaust survivors, Lily and Sy Zaks and his family emigrated to the United States in 1948, finally settling in Paterson, New Jersey. He graduated from Dartmouth College and received a Master of Fine Arts from Smith College, stage He made his Broadway acting debut in the original production of Grease as Kenickie and appeared in Tintypes in 1980. He made his debut in 1981 with the off-Broadway production of Christopher Durangs Beyond Therapy. He has directed many Broadway productions, both musicals and dramas and he has also directed many Off-Broadway productions, several at Playwrights Horizons and the Public Theater. He directed the City Center Encores, productions of Girl Crazy, Stairway to Paradise, and Bye Bye Birdie. He was the director of the new musical 101 Dalmatians Musical, Zaks was named creative consultant for the new musical The Addams Family, which opened on Broadway in April 2010. He directed the Broadway production of Sister Act, which opened in Spring 2011, Lincoln Center Zaks served as Resident Director at Lincoln Center from 1986 to 1990 and is a founding member of the Ensemble Studio Theatre. Television and film As an actor, Zaks screen credits include Outrageous Fortune, Crimes and Misdemeanors, and Husbands and Wives. On television he has appeared in M*A*S*H and The Edge of Night and directed episodes of Everybody Loves Raymond, Frasier, Hope and Faith, and Two and he also directed the feature films Marvins Room and Who Do You Love. Marvins Room won the Golden St. George at the 20th Moscow International Film Festival, honors Zaks received the George Abbott Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theater in 1994 and an honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts from Dartmouth College in 1999. He was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 2013, Zaks married Jill Rose, an actress, on January 14,1979, they have two children, Emma and Hannah Zaks

Jerry Zaks
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Jerry Zaks

27.
Piccadilly Theatre
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The Piccadilly Theatre is a West End theatre located at 16 Denman Street, behind Piccadilly Circus and adjacent to the Regent Palace Hotel, in the City of Westminster, England. Gold and green are the dominant colours in the bars and foyer, upon its opening on 27 April 1928, the theatres souvenir brochure claimed, If all the bricks used in the building were laid in a straight line, they would stretch from London to Paris. The opening production, Jerome Kerns musical Blue Eyes, starred Evelyn Laye, the theatre reopened in November 1929, with a production of The Student Prince, having a success in January 1931 with Folly to be Wise, running for 257 performances. Following a conversion into a restaurant, the theatre reopened in April 1936 as the London Casino. The building sustained damage when it was hit by a stray German bomb during World War II. After renovations in the early 1950s, it returned to its name and became a venue for plays, revues. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Piccadilly improved its reputation with a series of transfers from Broadway. A Streetcar Named Desire and Man of La Mancha made their London debuts at the theatre, the Beatles recorded a number of songs at the Piccadilly on 28 February 1964 for the BBC Radio show, From Us to You. In 1976, the Jerome Kern and Guy Bolton musical Very Good Eddie ran for 411 performances at the theatre, in 1986, the venue was the setting for ITVs popular Sunday evening variety show, Live From the Piccadilly, hosted by Jimmy Tarbuck. The 1990s witnessed an expansion in ballet and dance, notably the most successful commercial ballet season ever to play in the West End, including Matthew Bournes acclaimed production of Swan Lake. The Piccadilly has played host to such renowned stars as Henry Fonda, Ian McKellen, Judi Dench, Michael Pennington, Barbara Dickson, Lynn Redgrave, Julia McKenzie, Eric Sykes, and Dame Edna. Its productions have run the gamut from Wish You Were Here to Edward II to Spend Spend Spend to Noises Off to Blues in the Night to a season of plays directed by Sir Peter Hall. The Donmar Warehouse production of Guys and Dolls ran at the Piccadilly from 19 May 2005 to 14 April 2007, jersey Boys based on the story of Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons. Guide to British Theatres 1750-1950, John Earl and Michael Sell pp.131 ISBN 0-7136-5688-3

Piccadilly Theatre
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Piccadilly Theatre facade, July 2007

28.
Ewan McGregor
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Ewan Gordon McGregor OBE is a Scottish actor. His first professional role was in 1993, when he won a role in the Channel 4 series Lipstick on Your Collar. Camerlengo Father Patrick McKenna in Angels and Demons, Dr. Alfred Jones in the romantic comedy-drama Salmon Fishing in the Yemen, and Lumière in an adaptation of Beauty. He received Golden Globe nominations for Best Actor – Musical or Comedy for both Moulin Rouge, and Salmon Fishing in the Yemen. McGregor has also starred in productions of Guys and Dolls. He was ranked number 36 on Empire magazines The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time list in 1997, in a 2004 poll for the BBC, McGregor was named the fourth most influential person in British culture. He has been involved in charity work and has served as an ambassador for UNICEF UK since 2004, in 2016, he received the BAFTA Britannia Humanitarian Award. McGregor was born in Perth, Scotland and brought up in Crieff and his mother, Carol Diane, is a retired teacher of Crieff High School and latterly deputy head teacher of Kingspark School in Dundee. His father, James Charles Stewart Jim McGregor, is a physical education teacher and careers master of Morrisons Academy. He has a brother, Colin, who is a former Tornado GR4 pilot in the Royal Air Force. He is the nephew of actor Denis Lawson and actress Sheila Gish, McGregor attended the independent Morrisons Academy in Crieff. In 1993, six months prior to his graduation from Guildhall, the same year, he starred in the BBC adaptation of Scarlet and Black with a young Rachel Weisz, and made his film debut in Bill Forsyths Being Human. In 1994, McGregor performed in the thriller Shallow Grave, for which he won an Empire Award, and his international breakthrough followed in 1996 with the role of heroin addict Mark Renton in Boyles Trainspotting, an adaptation of Irvine Welshs novel of the same name. McGregor played the romantic lead role in the 1998 British film Little Voice. While the prequels received criticism from Star Wars fans, McGregors performance was widely acclaimed and his uncle, Denis Lawson, had played Wedge Antilles in the original trilogy. In 2001, he starred in Moulin Rouge, as the young poet Christian, who falls in love with the terminally-ill courtesan Satine, played by Nicole Kidman. McGregor reprised his role of Obi-Wan Kenobi for the subsequent prequel Star Wars, in 2003, he starred alongside Renée Zellweger in Down With Love. He also portrayed the younger Edward Bloom in the acclaimed film Big Fish alongside Albert Finney, Jessica Lange, Alison Lohman

29.
Claire Sweeney
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Sweeney was born in Walton, Liverpool, Merseyside, the daughter of a butcher who had a shop in Toxteth. She trained at the Elliott-Clarke Theatre School in Liverpool, and worked on the weekends in her fathers shop and her first singing gig, at the age of 14, was in the Montrose Club in Liverpool for which she was paid £25. She was then educated full-time at the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts in London, in 1987, she was a member of the Southport Summer Youth Theatre Workshops production of the musical Hair. After leaving stage school, Sweeney had many singing engagements before landing the role of Lindsey Corkhill in Brookside in 1989 and she entertained cruise ships for P&O as a singer for four years before returning to Britain. On her return, Sweeney reprised her role of Lindsey and remained on the show as a character until its demise in 2003. Sweeney appeared on Celebrity Big Brother in 2001 in aid of Comic Relief and her appearance on the show prompted her to greater fame amongst the British public. This directly led to appearing as Roxie Hart in the musical Chicago in London, in 2002, Sweeney released an album, Claire on Telstar Records. This consisted of a mix of material and cover versions of well-known songs. Also in 2001, she appeared on Lily Savages Blankety Blank, in 2003, Sweeney returned to the stage to lead in the world tour of Fosse. Sweeney then took a place on the panel of ITVs relaunched Loose Women from 2003 to 2005. In 2005 and 2006, Sweeney appeared in productions of Snow White and Aladdin at the Theatre Royal. Sweeney also played opposite Dirty Dancing star Patrick Swayze before touring the UK extensively in the same production and she has also presented a number of shows, such as Challenge of a Lifetime, Im Famous. and Frightened. A Song for Europe and 60 Minute Makeover and appeared in programmes such as Merseybeat. In 2004, Sweeney appeared as a contestant on the first series of the BBC One pro-celebrity ballroom dancing competition Strictly Come Dancing. She has most recently seen as the host of the television series Chef vs Britain and as a regular panellist on Loose Women. In 2005, the fitness DVD Claire Sweeney, The Perfect Fit with Weight Watchers was released, for a period, Sweeney was the holder of the Forces Sweetheart title. In 2001, she won Rear of the Year alongside John Altman and she starred in the pantomime Snow White at the Regent Theatre, Stoke-on-Trent in December 2008. She then starred in the production of the musical Shout

Claire Sweeney
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Sweeney in 2009

30.
Patrick Swayze
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Patrick Wayne Swayze was an American actor, dancer, and singer-songwriter. During his career he received three Golden Globe Award nominations and was named by People magazine as its Sexiest Man Alive in 1991. Patrick Wayne Swayze was born on August 18,1952, in Houston, Texas, the child of Patsy Swayze, a choreographer, dance instructor, and dancer, and Jesse Wayne Swayze. He had two brothers, actor Don and Sean Kyle, and two sisters, Vickie Lynn and Bambi. Swayze and his siblings were raised in their mothers Roman Catholic faith, during this time, he pursued multiple artistic and athletic skills, such as ice skating, classical ballet, and acting in school plays. He played football for his school and was hoping to receive a football scholarship for college until a knee injury ended his career. He studied gymnastics at Coastal Carolina University for two years, in 1972, he moved to New York City to complete his formal dance training at the Harkness Ballet and Joffrey Ballet schools. Swayze had a role in the television series M*A*S*H, in season 9 episode 18 Blood Brothers. His first professional appearance was as a dancer for Disney on Parade and he then starred as a replacement playing the role of Danny Zuko in the long-running Broadway production of Grease before his debut film role as Ace in Skatetown, U. S. A. Swayze became known to the industry after appearing in The Outsiders as the older brother of C. Thomas Howell. Also in 1983, Swayze played a U. S. M. C, trainer in Vietnam rescue film Uncommon Valor with Gene Hackman. The following year, Swayze, Howell, and Howells friend Darren Dalton reunited in Red Dawn, then in 1986, Lowe and his first major success was in the 1985 television miniseries North and South, which was set during the American Civil War. Swayzes breakthrough role came with his performance as dance instructor Johnny Castle in the film Dirty Dancing, alongside his Red Dawn co-star, the song became a top-10 hit and has been covered by other artists. After Dirty Dancing, Swayze found himself in great acting demand and appeared in several films and his biggest role came when he starred in Ghost with Demi Moore and Whoopi Goldberg. In 1991, he starred alongside Youngblood castmate Keanu Reeves in another major hit, Point Break. For his contributions to the industry, he was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1997. Swayze was seriously injured in 1998 while filming HBOs Letters from a Killer near Ione, California, both of his legs were broken, and he suffered four detached tendons in his shoulder. Filming was suspended for two months, and the aired in 1999

31.
Don Johnson
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Donnie Wayne Don Johnson is an American actor, producer, director, singer, and songwriter. He is best known for his role as James Sonny Crockett in the 1980s television series Miami Vice, Johnson was born December 15,1949, in Flat Creek, Missouri. His mother, Nell, was a beautician, and his father, at the time of his birth, they were 19 and 17, respectively. At age 6, he moved from Missouri to Wichita, Kansas, a 1967 graduate of South High School, he was involved in the high schools theatre program. As a senior, he played the role of Tony in West Side Story. His biography noted that he had appeared in Burnt Cork and Melody. He also attended the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas, Johnson has spoken about his draft-exempt status and his dislike for war. Johnson studied drama at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco and his first major role was in the 1969 Los Angeles stage production of Fortune and Mens Eyes, in which he played Smitty, the lead role. This exposure led to the quickly forgotten film The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart and he continued to work on stage, film and television without breaking out into stardom. His notable films from this period were Zachariah, The Harrad Experiment, Lollipop and Roses, in 1976, Johnson was roommates with actor Sal Mineo when Mineo was murdered outside their West Hollywood, California apartment. Miami Vice was noted for its use of music cinematography and imagery. In the show, his partner was Ricardo Tubbs, played by Philip Michael Thomas, between seasons, Johnson gained further renown through several TV miniseries, such as the 1985 TV remake of The Long, Hot Summer. Johnson later starred in the 1996–2001 drama Nash Bridges with Cheech Marin, Jeff Perry, Jaime P. Gomez, Johnson played the title role of Nash Bridges, an inspector for the San Francisco Police Department. In Nash Bridges Johnson was again paired with a convertible car. In January 2007, Johnson began a run in the West End of London production of Guys, Johnson also has a role in the Norwegian comedy Lange Flate Ballær 2, directed by Johnsons friend Harald Zwart. Johnson did the movie as a favour to Zwart, the movie was launched March 14,2008 in Norway, with Johnson making an appearance at the premiere. He next appeared in When in Rome with Danny DeVito, Anjelica Huston, Johnson and Jon Heder co-hosted WWEs Raw on January 18,2010. Johnson had a role in Robert Rodriguezs film Machete

32.
Nederlander Theatre
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The David T. Nederlander Theatre is a 1, 232-seat Broadway theater located at 208 West 41st Street, in New York City. One of the Nederlander Organizations nine Broadway theaters, the legacy of the theatre began with David Tobias Nederlander, the theater holds the distinction of being the southernmost theater in the theater district. The commonly held history is that Walter C. Jordan built the theatre at a cost of $950,000 and it opened September 1,1921, as the National Theatre and seated 1,200 people. The Shubert Organization owned the venue until 1956, when Harry Fromkes purchased it as part of the settlement of the Shubert antitrust case, Fromkes died after a fall from his apartment, and his estate sold it to Billy Rose, who renamed it after himself in 1959. The Nederlander Organization purchased the venue in 1979 and briefly renamed it the Trafalgar Theatre before dubbing it the David T. Nederlander Theatre in 1980 and it housed the Times Square Church before Nederlander sold the Mark Hellinger Theatre to the churchs pastor, David Wilkerson. This would mean that the Nederlander joins the Broadway and Winter Garden theatres as the only Broadway houses not originally built as such, and the Tony award winning Rent. Lena Horne won a 1981 Tony Award for her performance at the Nederlander in her eponymous Lena Horne, The Lady and Her Music. When RENT, set in the Alphabet City neighborhood of Manhattans East Village, opened in 1996, when Rent closed in 2008, refurbishing quickly got underway for the new show, a revival of Guys and Dolls starring Oliver Platt and Lauren Graham. The show played only 147 performances and was a box office failure when it closed June 14,2009, the Neil Simon plays, Brighton Beach Memoirs and Broadway Bound were to premiere at the theatre in the fall, and perform alternating shows. However, due to ticket sales for Brighton Beach Memoirs, the show closed November 1,2009. The musical Million Dollar Quartet made its Broadway debut at the theatre April 11,2010, following MDQ, Newsies opened for a limited engagement, which was subsequently converted to an open run. Newsies closed August 24,2014, and began touring in October, a musical, Honeymoon in Vegas began previews November 18,2014, with its official opening on January 15,2015. Amazing Grace, played from the summer through the fall of 2015, by Seth Rudetsky and Jack Plotnick, began performances on February 9,2016. 1939, The Little Foxes 1943, The Patriots 1948, Lend an Ear 1955, Inherit the Wind 1957, The Square Root of Wonderful 1962, motown, The Musical 2017, War Paint Newsies achieved the box office record for the Nederlander Theatre. The production played to 101% capacity and grossed $1,024,516.60 for eight performances the week ending April 15,2012

33.
Oliver Platt
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Oliver James Platt is a Canadian-born American actor. He has been nominated for a Golden Globe Award, as well as multiple Emmy and he has an older brother, Adam Platt, a New York Magazine restaurant critic, and a younger brother, Nicholas Platt, Jr. His family moved back to the United States when Platt was three months old, Platts paternal great-grandfather was artist Charles A. Platt. Platt is also a great-great-grandson of diplomat and lawyer Joseph Hodges Choate, when asked about Diana, Platt said, I never met her. Id love to tell you we were confidantes, the truth is I dont know much more about it than you do. Platts family made frequent trips back to Washington, where they held Redskins season tickets, Platt is also a fan of the Boston Red Sox. When he was nine years old, Platt and his family visited the Kennedy Center in Washington, One of the performances that really made me want to be an actor started out with this probably 20-minute rambling, drunken monologue by this bum. And it was a young Morgan Freeman and this guy was just so riveting. He stood there on stage alone before the curtain went up, according to Platt, drama departments gave his childhood some stability, It was something of a survival mechanism, in that it gave me a little subculture to plug into wherever I ended up. Platt attended a boarding school named Colorado Rocky Mountain School in Carbondale. Platt majored in drama at Tufts University, where he met, Platt travelled with Shakespeare and Company, based in Lenox, Massachusetts, touring schools to earn his Equity card, before moving to New York. He obtained an agent while working at Manhattan Punch Line Theatre, Murray attended Platts show and recommended Platt to director Jonathan Demme, who cast him in Married to the Mob in 1988. Platt attributes his breakthrough to appearing at the Punch Line Theater, Platt makes his decisions about accepting acting roles based on the role being different from what I just did. I do have to be interested in the role. After Married to the Mob, he appeared in Working Girl, Flatliners, Beethoven, The Three Musketeers, A Time to Kill, in 1998 Platt and Stanley Tucci played two deadbeat actors who improvise with unsuspecting strangers in The Impostors. Tucci and Platt developed the characters while working on a play at Yale University in 1988, Tucci later completing the screenplay, in 1999 Platt played the wealthy and eccentric crocodile enthusiast Hector in David E. Kelleys Lake Placid, alongside Bill Pullman and Bridget Fonda. Platt described Hector as pretty abrasive and obnoxious at times, but, I hope, I think David originally thought of him as a great white hunter sort of guy, but when I signed on for the role he sort of wrote him in a different direction. The short-lived drama Deadline provided Platts first lead role on television, created by Dick Wolf, who also created Law & Order, Deadline focused on the lives of newspaper journalists in New York City. Platt starred as Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist Wallace Benton, an unlikely hero, the strong cast, which also included Bebe Neuwirth and Hope Davis, could not compensate for sub-standard writing and the series was soon canceled

34.
Lauren Graham
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Lauren Helen Graham is an American actress and author. She is also known for roles in Sweet November, Bad Santa, The Pacifier, Because I Said So. From 2010 to 2015, Graham starred as Sarah Braverman on the NBC television drama Parenthood, Graham published her debut novel in 2013, Someday, Someday, Maybe, with Ballantine Books. Lauren Graham was born on March 16,1967 in Honolulu and her mother, Donna Grant, was a fashion buyer, and her father, Lawrence Graham, is a candy industry lobbyist who has been president of the National Confectioners Association. Graham was raised in her fathers Catholic faith, she is of Irish, English, when Grahams father worked for the Agency for International Development in Vietnam, Lauren lived for a few years in Japan. Graham has a half-sister and a half-brother from her fathers marriage and a British half-sister, Shade Grant, from her mothers second marriage. As a girl, Graham rode horses competitively, but soon switched to acting, honing her talent at Langley High School and she earned her actors Equity Card in 1988 after two years in summer stock at the Barn Theatre in Augusta, Michigan. Graham graduated from Barnard College in 1988 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English Literature, after moving to Texas in 1992, Graham earned a Master of Fine Arts degree in Acting Performance from Southern Methodist University. After completing her education, Graham moved back to New York City where she earned her living as a waitress, while she aspired to become an actress, she made publicity appearances wearing the costume of Striker, the dog mascot of the US-based 1994 FIFA World Cup. In 1995, she relocated to Hollywood and she appeared in various commercials for products such as Dimetapp and Lean Cuisine and hosted free preview weekends on The Movie Channel. Between 1996 and 1997, Graham became a regular guest star on several hit NBC shows and she played a graduate student who caught the eye of Dick on 3rd Rock from the Sun, Richards overly-optimistic girlfriend on Caroline in the City, and Jerrys speed-dial ranking girlfriend on Seinfeld. She also portrayed an antagonizing but friendship-starved efficiency expert on Newsradio, in 2000, Graham landed her breakthrough role as Lorelai Gilmore on Gilmore Girls - a witty thirty-something raising her teenage daughter in small town Connecticut. For her work she received a nomination for Best Actress in a Television Series at the 2002 Golden Globe Awards, beginning with Season 7 episode To Whom It May Concern and continuing throughout the rest of the season, Graham served as a producer on Gilmore Girls. TV Guide reported that she received the position in an attempt to persuade her to sign for an eighth season, Graham returned to her guest-starring roots when she portrayed herself in two episodes of NBCs Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip. Graham has also appeared in the season of Bravos Celebrity Poker Showdown. After winning her match, she came in second to another former Newsradio star, Maura Tierney. Grahams film roles encompass several NYU student films and multiple major releases, including Sweet November, Bad Santa, The Pacifier, Because I Said So. Graham has said that she enjoys playing in short films, and she has performed in numerous short films, including the 15-minute-long Gnome

35.
Time Out (company)
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Time Out Group is a digital and print publisher of web sites, apps, magazines and guidebooks covering events, entertainment and culture in cities around the world. Julio Bruno is the Group CEO of Time Out Group, based in cities such as London, New York and Paris, Time Out Group provides entertainment, food, and drink recommendations to an international audience through print and digital platforms. Time Out was established in 1968, by founder Tony Elliott and has developed into a global platform that inspires and enables people to experience the best of the city. Operating in 108 cities, across 39 countries, it has a global audience reach of 156 million across all platforms. Time Out provides original content for users to find things to do in the city as well as curated lists of the best films, food, attractions, art, culture, shopping. Time Out recently curated sci-fi films, a sex survey. Time Out Market, launched in 2014 in Lisbon, enables people to discover, book, live, the original Time Out magazine was first published in 1968 by Tony Elliott with Bob Harris as co-editor. The magazine was a one-sheet pamphlet with listings for London. The magazine started as a publication that had an alternative viewpoint on issues such as gay rights, racial equality. Early issues had a print run of around 5,000, the brand was expanded to North America with Time Out New York magazine also known as TONY in 1995 followed by Time Out New York Kids in 1996. The success of taking the Time Out brand abroad led to the expansion of the magazine worldwide, the brand grew to include travel magazines, city guides, and books. Time Out was able to withstand print competition, however, its integration of a digital platform during the online revolution proved to be a challenge. When Time Out New York launched it did not have a website and was competing against well-established online publications such as Citysearch and The Village Voice. Financial loss and the necessity to expand the Time Out brand led Tony Elliott to sell half of Time Out London and 66 percent of TONY to private equity group Oakley Capital in May 2011. The company continued to grow digitally and launched an app for New York. The iPad app was initially sponsored by MasterCard, in July 2015, Time Out Group announced a £7 million investment in Flypay, a pay-at-table mobile app that will integrate its technology into Time Outs media platform. In June 2016, Time Out Group underwent an IPO and trades under the symbol TMO on Londons AIM stock exchange, Time Out Magazine is available in 39 cities including London, New York, Istanbul, Dubai, Beijing, Hong Kong and Lisbon. Time Out London Magazine is a weekly publication based in London. Time Out provides event listings and editorial on film, theatre, Time Out New York was the brands first magazine launch in North America and debuted in 1995

Time Out (company)
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Time Out Magazine
Time Out (company)
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Time Out Hong Kong Magazine Launch Cover
Time Out (company)
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Time Out London Magazine1

36.
The New Yorker
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The New Yorker is an American magazine of reportage, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry. It is published by Condé Nast, started as a weekly in 1925, the magazine is now published 47 times annually, with five of these issues covering two-week spans. Although its reviews and events listings often focus on the life of New York City. The New Yorker debuted on February 21,1925 and it was founded by Harold Ross and his wife, Jane Grant, a New York Times reporter. Ross wanted to create a humor magazine that would be different from perceivably corny humor publications such as Judge. Ross partnered with entrepreneur Raoul H. Fleischmann to establish the F-R Publishing Company, the magazines first offices were at 25 West 45th Street in Manhattan. Ross edited the magazine until his death in 1951, during the early, occasionally precarious years of its existence, the magazine prided itself on its cosmopolitan sophistication. Ross famously declared in a 1925 prospectus for the magazine, It has announced that it is not edited for the old lady in Dubuque, although the magazine never lost its touches of humor, it soon established itself as a pre-eminent forum for serious fiction literature and journalism. Shortly after the end of World War II, John Herseys essay Hiroshima filled an entire issue, D. Salinger, Irwin Shaw, James Thurber, John Updike, Eudora Welty, Stephen King, and E. B. White. Publication of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery drew more mail than any story in the magazines history. In its early decades, the magazine published two or even three short stories a week, but in recent years the pace has remained steady at one story per issue. Kurt Vonnegut said that The New Yorker has been an instrument for getting a large audience to appreciate modern literature. Vonneguts 1974 interview with Joe David Bellamy and John Casey contained a discussion of The New Yorkers influence, No other art requires the audience to be a performer. You have to count on the readers being a good performer and those writers you mentioned and myself are teaching an audience how to play this kind of music in their heads. Its a learning process, and The New Yorker has been a good institution of the sort needed. They have an audience, and they come out every week, and people finally catch on to Barthelme, for instance. The non-fiction feature articles cover an array of topics. Recent subjects have included eccentric evangelist Creflo Dollar, the different ways in which humans perceive the passage of time, the magazine is notable for its editorial traditions

The New Yorker
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First issue's cover with dandy Eustace Tilley, created by Rea Irvin. The image, or a variation of it, appears on the cover of The New Yorker with every anniversary issue.

37.
Howard Panter
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Sir Howard Hugh Panter is a multi-award winning British theatre impresario and theatre operator. He is a founder, co-owner, joint chief executive and creative director of the Ambassador Theatre Group LTD and he has over 40 years’ experience in the Arts and Entertainment industry gained in organisations such as the Royal Court Theatre, The Royal Shakespeare Company and Michael Codron Ltd. As Creative Director of ATG Productions, Howard has produced and co-produced musicals and drama for the West End, internationally, Howard is a Director of Rocky Horror Company Limited. He was Chairman of the English Shakespeare Company and Director of West End theatre owners Maybox Group plc, Howard serves on the LAMDA Development Council and is currently Chair of Rambert Dance Company. Howard and his wife/business partner, Rosemary Squire OBE are always ranked in The Stage 100 – the industry newspaper’s guide to the 100 most influential people in UK Theatre. Between 2010 –2016 they topped The Stage 100 for a seven years making them the most successful entrants on the list ever. In 2013, the pair were placed first in the Evening Standard ‘Power 1000’ Theatre section, Howard received a Knighthood in the Queen’s Birthday Honours List 2013 for services to theatre. Sir Howard was born in Hillingdon Hospital in 1949 and his first unpaid showbiz job was as impresario and stage manager for the group the Norsemen in Iwerne Minster, Dorset. One of his first jobs was as a technician with the London Contemporary Dance Theatre, in the late 1970s, Panter became a Producer for the Stirling Rigg Organisation. Panter started the 1980s as a producer for Freedman/Panter Productions and he then went on to become Managing Director for Independent Theatrical Productions and in 1987 joined Turnstyle Group Ltd as Managing Director and Producer. The expansion of ATG continues when Panter and Squire acquire the Ambassadors Theatre and they extend the group with the management contract for Theatre Royal, Brighton, the newly built Milton Keynes Theatre and the Regent Theatre and Victoria Hall in Stoke-on-Trent. Squire also joined the Board of Management, Society of London Theatres,2002 - their first venue in Scotland came with the Kings Theatre, Glasgow. 2000–03 - ATG continued to acquire theatres in the West End, Squire also was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts and joined the board of Donmar Warehouse Productions. 2004 - Squire and Panter took over the closed Wimbledon Theatre reopening it as the New Wimbledon Theatre,2005 - their Scottish portfolio extended with a lease and management contract for the Theatre Royal, Glasgow. In June 2005, Squire became the first democratically elected president of the Society of London Theatre and she completed her three-year term in July 2008 and then went on to serve a further three years as Vice-President. She was a member of the Arts Council of England Lottery Advisory Panel from 2000 to 2005 and is a member of the Theatrical Management Association. 2004–05 - Savoy Theatre, London became ATGs 24th venue making ATG the largest theatre group in the West End, ATG were also prolific producers in London, regionally and internationally. Trafalgar Studio 2 opened at the Trafalgar Studios, London, accepting the award, Squire said, The theatre industry is a major contributor to the UK economy and I am delighted this has been recognised by the CBI

Howard Panter
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Sir Howard Panter in 2010

38.
Savoy Theatre
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The Savoy Theatre is a West End theatre in the Strand in the City of Westminster, London, England. The theatre was the first public building in the world to be lit entirely by electricity, for many years, the Savoy Theatre was the home of the DOyly Carte Opera Company, which continued to be run by the Carte family for over a century. Richards son Rupert DOyly Carte rebuilt and modernised the theatre in 1929 and it is a Grade II* listed building. In recent years it has presented opera, Shakespeare and other non-musical plays, the House of Savoy was the ruling family of Savoy descended from Humbert I, Count of Sabaudia, who became count in 1032. The name Sabaudia evolved into Savoy, Count Peter of Savoy was the maternal uncle of Eleanor of Provence, queen-consort of Henry III of England, and came with her to London. King Henry made Peter Earl of Richmond and, in 1246, on Peters death, the Savoy was given to Edmund, 1st Earl of Lancaster, by his mother, Queen Eleanor. Edmunds great-granddaughter, Blanche, inherited the site and her husband, John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, built a magnificent palace that was burned down by Wat Tylers followers in the Peasants Revolt of 1381. King Richard II was still a child, and his uncle John of Gaunt was the power behind the throne, in about 1505 Henry VII planned a great hospital for pouer, nedie people, leaving money and instructions for it in his will. The hospital was built in the ruins and was licensed in 1512. Drawings show that it was a magnificent building, with a dormitory, dining hall, Henry VIIs hospital lasted for two centuries but suffered from poor management. The sixteenth-century historian John Stow noted that the hospital was being misused by loiterers, vagabonds, in 1702 the hospital was dissolved, and the hospital buildings were used for other purposes. Part of the old palace was used for a prison in the eighteenth century. In the nineteenth century, the old buildings were demolished. Carte bought the freehold of the site, then known as Beaufort Buildings, early in 1880 for £11,000, in 1877 he engaged Walter Emden, an architect whose work includes the Garrick and the Duke of Yorks theatres. Before completing the purchase, city officials had assured Carte that they would open a new street on the south side of the plot. He paid his half in March 1880, but the officials caused lengthy delays, Carte told The Times, I am struggling in the meshes of red tape. He finally received the agreement in June. At the same time he ran into another obstacle, Emden suddenly revised his estimate of building costs upward from £12,000 to £18,000, Carte dismissed Emden, who successfully sued for £1,790 for services to date and £3,000 for wrongful dismissal

39.
Phoenix Theatre (London)
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The Phoenix Theatre is a West End theatre in the London Borough of Camden, located on Charing Cross Road. The entrances are in Phoenix Street and Charing Cross Road, Phoenix Theatre was built on the place where was a factory and then Music hall Alcazar before. The theatre was designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, Bertie Crewe and it has a restrained neoclassical exterior, but an interior designed in an Italianate style by director and designer Theodore Komisarjevsky. Vladimir Polunin copied works by Tintoretto, Titian, Pinturicchio and Giorgione, and also safety curtain that holds Jacopo del Sellaios The Triumph of Love. There are golden engravings in the auditorium, red seats, carpets and this look is based on traditional Italian theatres. There are decorated ceilings and sculpted wooden doors throughout the building and it opened on 24 September 1930 with the première of Private Lives by Noël Coward, who also appeared in the play, with Adrienne Allen, Gertrude Lawrence and Laurence Olivier. Coward returned to the theatre with Tonight at 8,30 in 1936, on 16 December 1969, the long association with Coward was celebrated with a midnight matinee in honour of his 70th birthday, and the foyer bar was renamed the Noel Coward Bar. The Phoenix has had a number of plays including John Gielguds Love for Love during the Second World War. Harlequinade and The Browning Version, two plays by Terence Rattigan, opened on 8 September 1948 at the theatre, in the mid-1950s, Paul Scofield and Peter Brook appeared at the theatre. In 1968, a version of Chaucers The Canterbury Tales opened. Night and Day, a 1978 play by Tom Stoppard, ran for two years, there were also a number of plays by William Shakespeare. Its first pantomime was Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs starring Dana in 1983, following limited engagements of Goodnight Mr Tom and Midnight Tango. The theatre then played host to the original West End production of Broadway musical Once, bend it Like Beckham, The Musical, Guys and Dolls and The Last Tango played in 2016, with Dirty Dancing and Peppa Pigs Surprise comprising the 2016 Christmas season. The Girls, a new musical by Gary Barlow and Tim Firth based on The Calendar Girls film, is the current show playing at the Phoenix Theatre, the theatre is owned by the Ambassador Theatre Group. Since 1973 it has been a Grade II Listed Building, Phoenix Garden Guide to British Theatres 1750–1950, John Earl and Michael Sell pp.131 ISBN 0-7136-5688-3

Phoenix Theatre (London)
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Phoenix Theatre, July 2007

40.
Richard Kind
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Richard Bruce Kind is an American actor and voice actor known for his roles in the sitcoms Mad About You and Spin City. More recently, he has received recognition for his role as the voice of Bing Bong in the Pixar film Inside Out, for which he received substantial praise. Kind was born to a Jewish family, in the New Jersey capital of Trenton, the son of Alice, a homemaker, and Samuel Kind, together with his younger sister, Joanne, he grew up in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Richard attended Pennsbury High School with fellow actor Robert Curtis Brown, in 1978 he graduated from Northwestern University, where he was in the fraternity Sigma Alpha Epsilon. He is also an alumnus of The Second City in Chicago, Kind portrayed Dr. Mark Devanow on Mad About You throughout the shows run, although after he took the role of Paul Lassiter on Spin City, he appeared on Mad About You with less frequency. Kind and Michael Boatman were the two actors to appear in every episode of Spin City. Kind created the role of Addison Mizner in Stephen Sondheim’s Bounce, and has appeared on Broadway in The Tale of the Allergist’s Wife, The Producers, and Sly Fox. He also appeared as the “Jury Foreman” in the film The Producers and he has a recurring role on the Disney Channel series Kim Possible, where he plays Frugal Lucre. He also plays the role of Gumbo in an episode of Chowder on Cartoon Network, in 2000 he did the voice of Mr. Dobbins in Tom Sawyer. In 2001–02, he voiced the character of Pongo in five episodes of the animated series Oswald and he also had a minor role as Gary Meyers, an archaeologist who translated the symbols on the Stargate prior to James Spaders characters involvement in the 1994 movie Stargate. He appeared in four episodes of Larry Davids Curb Your Enthusiasm between 2002 and 2009 as Larrys cousin Andy. Kind had a role in Scrubs as Harvey Corman, an annoying hypochondriac. Actor/director George Clooney is a friend, and was best man at Kinds wedding to Dana Stanley in 1999. Kind later went on to play the part of a director in Clooneys directorial debut Confessions of a Dangerous Mind. Kind also played himself in the short-lived HBO series Unscripted, which Clooney executive produced and directed with Grant Heslov, as well as Argo, Kind guest starred on the Disney Channel series Even Stevens, where he played the surly Uncle Chuck. He appeared in the film National Lampoons Bag Boy in 2007, Kind also starred in the independent black comedy feature, The Understudy in 2008. He also played a role on TNTs hit show Leverage playing the part of a corrupt mayor in the second season two-part finale. In 2007, Kind played a role in the indie film The Visitor as Richard Jenkinss neighbor

41.
Rebel Wilson
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Rebel Melanie Elizabeth Wilson is an Australian actress, writer, and producer. After graduating from the Australian Theatre for Young People in 2003, she began appearing as Toula on the Special Broadcasting Service comedy series Pizza, in 2008, Wilson wrote, produced and starred in the musical comedy series Bogan Pride. The following year, she won the Tropfest best actress award for her role in Bargain, shortly after moving to the United States, Wilson was cast as Brynn in the feature film Bridesmaids. Wilson also appeared in A Few Best Men, What to Expect When Youre Expecting and she then created and starred in Super Fun Night, a television comedy that aired for one season on the American Broadcasting Company. Wilson was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and her mother is a professional dog handler. Wilson grew up in the suburbs of Kenthurst, Parramatta and Castle Hill and she attended Tara Anglican School for Girls. She completed her Higher School Certificate in 1997, including place in the state in food technology. Wilson has three siblings, sisters Liberty and Annachi and a brother, Ryot, Liberty and Ryot appeared on the first season of The Amazing Race Australia in 2011, where they were the first team eliminated. Wilson has claimed that her great-aunt was Lillian Bounds, who was married to Walt Disney until his death in 1966 and this claim was proven false in 2016 by genealogist Dale Sheldon. Wilsons first career choice was mathematics and she told The Sydney Morning Herald, I was very academic at high school and was always good with numbers. She attended the University of New South Wales, graduating in 2009 with Bachelor of Arts, a former Rotary International Youth Ambassador for Australia, she was based in South Africa for one year, where she contracted malaria. She claims the malaria caused hallucinations where she saw herself as an actress who had won an Oscar, there has been some debate about Wilsons claims about her background. In May 2015, Australian magazine Womans Day published a story claiming that Wilson had been misleading about her name, age. The story was picked up by other publications including The Sydney Morning Herald, People Magazine, The Chicago Tribune. Most notably, Wilsons true birth date was revealed and confirmed as a result of business records filed with the ASIC, which were obtained by The Sydney Morning Herald. On 16 May 2016, Wilson said print and online articles in Womans Day, according to a defamation writ filed in the Supreme Court of Victoria, Wilson said her reputation and credit has suffered and she has been humiliated and embarrassed. She is also suing for damages, claiming she missed out on roles. Wilson studied at the Australian Theatre for Young People, in 2003 she moved to New York after winning the ATYP International scholarship, which was funded by Nicole Kidman

42.
Frank Gorshin
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Frank John Gorshin, Jr. was an American character actor, impressionist, and comedian. He was perhaps best known as an impressionist, with many guest appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show and his most famous acting role was as The Riddler on the live-action television series Batman. Gorshin was born on April 5,1933, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of Catholic parents Frances, a seamstress and his father, Frank Sr. was a second-generation Slovenian-American whose parents emigrated to America from Slovenia. His mother, Frances or Fanny, née Prešeren, came to the United States as a girl from Regrča Vas, near Novo Mesto. Both of his parents were active in Pittsburghs Slovenian community and they sang in the Slovenian Singing Society Prešeren, named after the great Slovenian poet France Prešeren. In an interview, Frances said that her son, being the product of a Slovenian home, at the age of 15, he took a part-time job as a cinema usher at the Sheridan Square Theatre. He memorized the mannerisms of the stars he saw and created an impressionist act. His parents insisted that he take the engagement, even though his 15-year-old brother had been hit by a car, after graduation from Peabody High School, Gorshin attended the Carnegie Tech School of Drama in Pittsburgh. When not studying, he worked in local plays and nightclubs, in 1953, Gorshin was drafted into the United States Army and posted to Germany. He served for a year and a half as an attached to Special Services. While in the Army, Gorshin met Maurice Bergman, who introduced him to Hollywood agent Paul Kohner. Gorshins Army service record was destroyed in the U. S. National Personnel Records Center fire of 1973. When Gorshin left the Army, he returned to public performance, in 1959, he was cast in three episodes as Seaman Pulaski on Jackie Coopers CBS military sitcom/drama, Hennesey. Thereafter, Gorshin played roles in ABCs crime drama The Untouchables and he guest-starred twelve times on CBSs The Ed Sullivan Show, the first having been on February 9,1964, the same night that The Beatles and Davy Jones debuted. In 1965 Gorshin had a guest star role in the running series COMBAT. in which he played Pvt. Gorshin was an act at nightclubs, notably those of Las Vegas. He was also the first impressionist headliner at the Empire Room of New Yorks Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, among his most popular impressions were of Burt Lancaster and Kirk Douglas, as well as Marlon Brando. Gorshins slender athletic build, wide mouth, and pale eyes under strong brows were ideal characteristics for screen henchmen, in 1957, he fell asleep at the wheel of his car after driving from Pittsburgh for thirty-nine hours without sleep and subsequently, the vehicle crashed

43.
Arena Stage
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Arena Stage is a not-for-profit regional theater based in Southwest, Washington, D. C. It was a pioneer in 1950 of the Regional Theater Movement, the Artistic Director is Molly Smith and the Executive Director is Edgar Dobie. It is the largest company in the dedicated to American plays. It commissions and develops new plays through the American Voices New Play Institute, established in 1950, the company now serves an annual audience of more than 300,000. Its productions have received local and national awards, including the Tony Award for best regional theater. The theatre company was founded in Washington, DC in 1950 and its first home was the Hippodrome Theatre, a former movie house. In 1956, the moved into the gymnasium of the old Heurich Brewery in Foggy Bottom. The brewery was demolished in 1961 to make way for the Theodore Roosevelt Bridge, in 1960, the company moved into its current building complex, which was built for them. The theater companys home is near the Washington, D. C. waterfront on the Potomac River, one of the founders, Zelda Fichandler, was its artistic director from its founding through the 1990/91 season. Wager succeeded her for the 1991/92 through 1997/98 seasons, the current artistic director, Molly Smith, assumed those duties beginning with the 1998/99 season. Arena Stage was one of the first not-for-profit theaters in the United States and was a pioneer of the Regional Theater Movement, in 1973, it was the first regional theater invited by the U. S. State Department to tour behind the Iron Curtain. In 1976, Arena Stage became the theater outside New York to receive a special Tony Award for theatrical excellence. A major renovation of the facility was undertaken from 2008 through 2010, the architect was Bing Thom Architects of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada who contracted Fast + Epp consulting engineers to design the main columns for the building. The Fichandler Stage and Kreeger Theater were largely untouched, but the theaters connecting structures were demolished, the two stages are now surrounded by a glass curtain wall and incorporated into a larger building. A third, new theater was added in the renovation, called The Kogod Cradle, for new. The new building includes a central lobby and the Catwalk Cafe. The entire $135 million complex has been renamed Arena Stage at the Mead Center for American Theater in honor of supporters Gilbert and Jaylee Mead. Arena Stage re-opened for the season in October 2010, the capacity of its three theatres follows, The Fichandler Stage, a theater in the round, seating 680, the Kreeger Theater, a modified thrust stage theater, seating 514

44.
Magda Szubanski
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Magdalene Mary Magda Szubanski is an Australian television and film actress, comedian and writer. Szubanskis career started as a writer and performer of comedy and has since progressed to production of TV, film acting. She starred in Kath & Kim where she played Sharon Strzelecki, in 2015 she released her memoir Reckoning. She has twice been polled as Australia’s most recognized and trusted personality, Szubanski was born 12 April 1961 in Liverpool, Merseyside, England. Her mother Margaret is Scottish-Irish and came from a poor family and she attended high school at Siena College, Melbourne, and later studied fine arts and philosophy at the University of Melbourne. In 1976, as a year 10 student, she captained a team on the television quiz Its Academic, the character of Lynne Postlethwaite was first performed on the ABC’s The D-Generation. It was originally written by John Allsop and Andrew Knight, and her character Sharon ‘pashed’ and ‘married’ Australian cricketing legend Shane Warne. In 2006, she hosted a series on the Nine Network, called Magdas Funny Bits. Branded as no frills, it attracted insufficient ratings and did not continue and she had a similar short-lived result as host of the Network Ten clip show The Spearman Experiment in 2009. In 2009, she appeared in Who Do You Think You Are and she starred in the 1995 film Babe as Esme Hoggett. She reprised her role in the 1998 sequel, Babe, Pig in the City, goddess, alongside Mcfadden In 2015 she released her memoir Reckoning. While the book is nominally an autobiography, it is in part about her father Zbigniew Szubanski. Reckoning deals with the themes of trauma, the possible genetic inheritance of traumatic memory. Reviewer Peter craven in The Australian said it would “dazzle every kind of reader” and described it as “a riveting and it is a book about how someone might live with the idea of killing the thing they love. It is a story of love and death and redemption and a love for her father. It is a hymn to the tragic heroism at the heart of ordinary life. Every library should have it, every school should teach it, anyone who doesnt adore Magda Szubanski the clown will be awed by Szubanski the A-grade non-fiction writer. Lets hope the books keep on coming. ”Academy Award Winner and friend Geoffrey Rush launched her book and wrote in The Guardian, the classical stature of that particular father-daughter relationship didn’t go unnoticed

Magda Szubanski
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Szubanski at Tropfest 2013
Magda Szubanski
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Magda Szubanski at the Kath & Kimderella film premiere, in August 2012
Magda Szubanski
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Sharon Strzelecki was one of Szubanski's most developed characters, she also created this character herself.

45.
Princess Theatre, Melbourne
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The Princess Theatre is a 1488-seat theatre in Melbournes East End Theatre District, Australia, and is the oldest continuous entertainment site on mainland Australia. It is listed by the National Trust of Australia and is on the Victorian Heritage Register, entertainment on the site of todays Princess Theatre dates back to the Gold Rush years of 1854, when entrepreneur Tom Moore constructed a large, barn-like structure called Astleys Amphitheatre. The venue featured a ring for equestrian entertainment and a stage at one end for dramatic performances. It was named in honour of the Astley Royal Amphitheatre, also known as Astleys Amphitheatre, near Westminster Bridge, in 1857, the amphitheatre was extensively renovated and the facade extended, re-opening as the Princess Theatre and Opera House. By 1885, the theatre came under the control of The Triumvirate, williamson, George Musgrove and Arthur Garner. The existing theatre had become rundown, and so the Triumvirate resolved to demolish the existing building. The new theatre, designed by architect William Pitt, interiors designed by George Gordon, the design is in the exuberant Second Empire style, and the theatre forms part of the Victorian streetscape of Spring Street. When completed, it featured Australias first sliding or retractable roof and it also featured state-of-the-art electrical stage lighting. The theatre re-opened, again, on 18 December 1886, with a performance of Gilbert, the marble staircase and foyer was hailed as equal to that of the Paris Opera, the Frankfurt Stadt and the Grand in Bordeaux. Williamson left the Triumvirate in 1899 to form his own company, the Princess came under a rapid succession of different owners until 1915, when Ben Fuller took control. Fuller then went into partnership with Hugh J. Ward, and in 1922 they engaged the architect Henry Eli White to extensively renovate the auditorium and foyers, the New Princess Theatre reopened on 26 December 1922 with a performance of The OBrien Girl. He produced several musicals there, and made it the first home of his radio station 3XY, after Sir Ben Fullers death in 1952, Garnet H. Carroll assumed complete control. At the Princess in 1954 he hosted the National Theatre Movement’s gala performance of The Tales of Hoffmann for Queen Elizabeth II, garnett Carroll died on 23 August 1964 and ownership passed to his son, John Carroll. For some years he maintained the pattern set by his father, in 1986, David Marriner purchased the theatre and commenced a renovation and refurbishment to restore the building to its 1922 state, and improve its technical capacity. The theatre has experienced several reported ghost sightings, on the evening of 3 March 1888, the baritone Frederick Baker, known under the stage name Frederick Federici, was performing the role of Mephistopheles in Gounods opera Faust. This production ended with Mephistopheles sinking dramatically through a trapdoor returning to the fires of hell with his prize, as Federici was lowered down through the stage into this basement, he had a heart attack and died almost immediately. He never came back onstage to take his bows, but when the company was told of what had happened at the end of the opera, they said that he had been onstage and taken the bows with them. Since then, various people have claimed to see a figure in evening dress at the theatre

46.
The Hollywood Bowl
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The Hollywood Bowl is an amphitheater in Hollywood, California. The shell is set against the backdrop of the Hollywood Hills, the bowl refers to the shape of the concave hillside the amphitheater is carved into. The bowl is owned by the County of Los Angeles and is the home of the Hollywood Bowl Orchestra, the home of the Los Angeles Philharmonic. It is at 2301 North Highland Avenue, north of Hollywood Boulevard, the Reeds selected a natural amphitheater, a shaded canyon and popular picnic spot known as Daisy Dell in Bolton Canyon. On 11 November 1921 the first Sunrise Service took place at the bowl, the Bowl officially opened on July 11,1922. At first, the Bowl was very close to its state, with only makeshift wooden benches for the audience. In 1926, a known as the Allied Architects was contracted to regrade the Bowl, providing permanent seating. For the 1927 season, Lloyd Wright, built a shell, with a vaguely Southwestern look. This was generally regarded as the best shell the Bowl ever had from a standpoint, unfortunately, its appearance was deemed too avant-garde. It did, however, get Wright a second chance, this time with the stipulation that the shell was to have an arch shape. For the 1928 season, Lloyd Wright built a shell in the shape of concentric 120-degree arches and it was designed to be easily dismantled and stored between concert seasons, apparently for political reasons this was not done, and it did not survive the winter. For the 1929 season, the Allied Architects built the shell that stood until 2003, sculptor George Stanley designed the Muse Fountain. He had previously done the Oscar statuette, shortly after the end of the 2003 summer season the 1929 shell was replaced with a new, somewhat larger, acoustically improved shell, which had its debut in the 2004 summer season. Preservationists fiercely opposed the demolition for many years, citing the shells storied history, however, even when it was built, the 1929 shell was only the third-best shell in the Bowls history, behind its two immediate predecessors. By the late 1970s, the Hollywood Bowl became a liability because of continued hardening of its transite skin. The new shell incorporates design elements of not only the 1929 shell, during the 2004 summer season, the sound steadily improved, as engineers learned to work with its live acoustics. This results in the audience in the rear sections hearing the audio, at the same level. This electronic processing includes sound level, frequency equalization, occasional special effects, the system is maintained by Rat Sound Systems, the same company that has provided audio for the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival commonly known as the Coachella Festival, since its inception

The Hollywood Bowl
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Hollywood Bowl in 2005 (with Hollywood Sign in background)
The Hollywood Bowl
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Two women performing on a barn door in the first known musical event at the Hollywood Bowl, ca.1920. According to an article in the San Diego Union newspaper, June 19, 1941, the woman at the piano was Carrie Jacobs-Bond, one of the originators of the Theatre Arts Alliance and a resident of nearby Hollywood Heights. She was assisting in testing the acoustics. The barn door was placed approximately where the band shell was built.
The Hollywood Bowl
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Hollywood Bowl re-opening night, 2005
The Hollywood Bowl
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Satellite image showing the seating in front of the Hollywood Bowl

47.
Scott Bakula
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Bakula starred on the comedy-drama series Men of a Certain Age, and guest-starred in seasons two and three of NBCs Chuck as the title characters father Stephen J. Bartowski. He guest starred on HBOs Looking as entrepreneur Lynn, in 2014 he began playing Special Agent Dwayne Cassius King Pride on NCIS, New Orleans. Bakula was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Sally and J. Stewart Bakula and he has a younger brother and a younger sister. His surname comes from partial Czech ancestry and he attended Jefferson College, followed by the University of Kansas for a time, but left, saying. because I was offered a tour of Godspell, a national tour that was from St. Louis. I thought that sounded great, and I went to my parents and I said I want to do this tour, and you come back to school in a year or two, you come back. The tour was gonna start in August and the tour never started and school did, and then the tour fell apart, so I was left holding the bag, basically, and then had to decide where to go from there. And I applied, was applying to other schools, I was gonna go to a Mormon theatrical kind of school, and the more I looked at it the more I spent time examining the school side of it. I just realized what I really needed to do was just pick up, pack up, as Bakula recalled in 2000, I call up and said I got a show, Im gonna be out there, Im coming out in January. So itll work out because its time for season and Ill be doing something so people can come. And then I coincidentally had done a Disney Sunday Night ABC movie that was gonna come out some time in the winter, came out here on New Years Day,1986. The show I did turned out to be a big hit out here and it got me a lot of attention out here and I jumped onto the TV sitcom Designing Women in the beginning and was able to do that pilot. And things kind of took off and he was cast in two short-lived series, Gung Ho and Eisenhower & Lutz. Bakula played time traveler Dr. Sam Beckett, who was trapped by a malfunction of his machine to correct things gone wrong in the past. In 1995, Bakula appeared on the cover of Playgirl and he voiced Danny Cat in the animated film Cats Dont Dance, singing in one number with Natalie Cole. He played the aging veteran pitcher Gus Cantrell in Major League, Back to the Minors and he also played Jim Olmeyer, the same-sex partner of Sam Robards Jim Berkley, in the film American Beauty. As Jonathan Archer on Star Trek, Enterprise, Bakula played the captain of Earths first long-range interstellar ship, in 2006, he reprised the role of Archer for the Star Trek, Legacy PC and Xbox 360 video games as a voice-over. Bakula starred in the musical Shenandoah, a play also provided his first professional theatrical role in 1976, at Fords Theatre. Bakula is heard singing Pig Island on Sandra Boyntons childrens CD Philadelphia Chickens, scott Bakula said that he might be starring as Sam in a Quantum Leap film as stated in TV Guide Magazine along with Dean Stockwell

48.
Brian Stokes Mitchell
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Brian Stokes Mitchell is an American stage, film and television actor and singer. A powerful baritone, he has one of the central leading men of the Broadway theatre since the early 1990s. He won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical in 2000 for his performance in Kiss Me, Mitchell was born in Seattle, Washington, the youngest of four children of George Mitchell, an electronics engineer, and his wife Lillian, a school administrator. Mitchell grew up at various U. S. military bases overseas, as a teenager, he lived in San Diego, California, where he began acting in school musicals. He did not attend college, having begun performing professionally in high school and he has said that he studied film scoring, orchestration, and conducting through UCLA. Prior to Ragtime, he was known professionally as Brian Mitchell, Mitchell first performed on Broadway in the musical Mail in 1988, with music by Michael Rupert and lyrics by Jerry Colker, winning the Theatre World award. His Broadway credits include a revival of George and Ira Gershwins Oh. Jellys Last Jam based on the works of jazz artist Jelly Roll Morton and Kander and he performed the role of Coalhouse Walker Jr, in the musical Ragtime, which opened on Broadway in January 1998. He received a 1998 Tony Award nomination for Best Actor in a Musical and he appeared in the 1999 revival of Cole Porters Kiss Me, Kate as Fred Graham / Petruchio, winning the Tony Award, King Hedley II, and Man of La Mancha. He appeared in the New York City Center Encores, staged concert productions of Jule Stynes Do Re Mi, Bob Merrills Carnival. Kismet and The Band Wagon in 2014 and he played the title role in the 2002 Kennedy Center production of Sweeney Todd, part of the Stephen Sondheim celebration. On June 9,2005, Mitchell appeared in a version of the Rodgers. He starred as Emile, alongside Reba McEntire as Nellie Forbush, the production was taped and telecast by PBS in 2006. His debut solo CD Brian Stokes Mitchell was released on June 6,2006 on Playbill Records, Mitchell has also performed in a Christmas concert with the Mormon Tabernacle Choir later released as a CD and DVD entitled Ring Christmas Bells. His second solo CD, Simply Broadway, was released October 30,2012, Mitchell plays F. E. Miller, with Audra McDonald as Lottie Gee, Billy Porter, Joshua Henry and Brandon Victor Dixon. Mitchell made several appearances as a celebrity panelist on episodes of $25,000 Pyramid and $100,000 Pyramid in the 1980s, and was considered one of the games better celebrity players. He played recurring roles as Hilary Banks news anchor fiancé Trevor Newsworthy/Collins on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air and on Frasier as Dr. Frasier Cranes upstairs neighbor and he supplied the singing voice of Jethro in the animated feature The Prince of Egypt. He guest starred in March 2010 in Ugly Betty as Wilhelmina Slaters ex-boyfriend, captain Planet and the Planeteers, The Tom and Jerry Kids Show, Yo Yogi

49.
Ellen Greene
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Ellen Greene is an American singer and actress. From 2007 to 2009, she starred as Vivian Charles on the ABC series Pushing Daisies, Greene was born in Brooklyn, New York. Her mother was a counselor, and her father was a dentist. She attended W. Tresper Clarke High School, in Westbury and she spent summers at Cejwin Camps in Port Jervis, New York, where she performed in musical theatre productions, including the role of Tzeitel in a 1966 production of Fiddler on the Roof. She had a relationship with puppeteer Martin P. Robinson and her first marriage was to Tibor Hardik. She married Christian Klikovits on September 25,2003, they have since divorced, greenes career began as a nightclub singer in clubs such as The Brothers and Sisters, Grand Finale, and Reno Sweeney. She received rave reviews from such as Rex Reed, George Bell. Around this time, she befriended the late Peter Allen and her first starring role was as the lead in the notorious Broadway bomb Rachael Lily Rosenbloom, which co-starred Anita Morris. She then won the role of Chrissy in Joseph Papps production of In the Boom Boom Room. Her reviews brought her to the attention of Paul Mazursky, who was at that time casting Next Stop, Greenwich Village, she got the role of Sarah and she has appeared on television in Miami Vice, Glory. The Adventures of Pete and Pete, Cybill, Law & Order, Suddenly Susan, The X-Files, Mystery Woman, Sing Me a Murder, Fielder’s Choice, in 1983 she was the voice of Creeping Ivy in the animated TV special The Magic of Herself the Elf. Greene released an album in 2004 entitled In His Eyes, on which she was accompanied by her husband and musical director and her latest work includes the role of Vivian Charles on the television series Pushing Daisies and the voice of Dolly Gopher in the animated Out of Jimmys Head. Greene was also the voice of the Priscilla Presley type of character Goldie in the Don Bluth film Rock-a-Doodle. In the summer of 2009, Greene starred as Miss Adelaide in a version of the Broadway musical Guys and Dolls. Her co-stars included Scott Bakula as Nathan Detroit, theatre veteran and Tony Award winner Brian Stokes Mitchell as Sky Masterson, in 2011, she appeared in five episodes on the soap opera The Young and the Restless as Primrose DeVille. Greene performed in the musical Betwixt. at the Trafalgar Studios in Londons West End from July 26 to August 20,2011 and she also recently appeared in two episodes of the new ABC Family show Bunheads, alongside Sutton Foster and Kelly Bishop. Greene performed in the 2016 Democratic National Conventions Fight Song video, official website Ellen Greene at the Internet Movie Database Ellen Greene at the Internet Broadway Database Ellen Greene at the Internet Off-Broadway Database

50.
Jessica Biel
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Jessica Claire Timberlake is an American actress. Biel began her career as a vocalist appearing in productions until she was cast as Mary Camden in the family-drama series 7th Heaven. The series is the series that ever aired on The WB channel and is the longest-running family drama in television history. In 1997, she won the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film – Supporting Young Actress for her role in Ulees Gold and she is known for her role as Erin Hardesty in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre. Biel has since starred in films, including The Rules of Attraction, Blade, Trinity, Stealth, I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry, The A-Team. Biel was born on March 3,1982, in Ely, Minnesota, to Kimberly, a homemaker and spiritual healer, and Jonathan Biel and her Biel paternal great-grandfather was the son of Hungarian Jewish immigrants, which Jessica discovered on the show Who Do You Think You Are. She also has German, French, English, and Irish ancestry and her younger brother, Justin, launched and runs the eco-accessory line BARE. Biels family moved frequently during her childhood, living in Texas, Connecticut, and Woodstock, Illinois, before settling in Boulder, Colorado. While growing up, Biel played soccer and also trained as a gymnast, from 2000 to 2002, she attended Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts. Biel initially trained to be a vocalist, at the age of nine, she appeared in several musical productions in her hometown, playing lead roles in productions such as The Sound of Music and Beauty and the Beast. At the age of 11, Biel participated in a competition sponsored by The International Modeling and Talent Association in Los Angeles where she acquired an agent and she began modeling for print advertisements, and appeared in commercials for products such as Dulux Paint and Pringles. In her film debut, Biel played the character Regrettal, a role in the ambitious musical film titled Its a Digital World. At the age of fourteen, after auditioning for television pilots, Biel was cast as Mary Camden. Biel landed her first feature film role as Peter Fondas granddaughter in the acclaimed drama Ulees Gold. Her performance earned her a Young Artist Award, in spring 1998, during a break from filming 7th Heaven, she co-starred in Ill Be Home for Christmas with Jonathan Taylor Thomas as the girlfriend of Thomas character. When she was 17 years old she posed for a photo shoot that appeared in the March 2000 issue of Gear. Producers of 7th Heaven were outraged, and brought legal action against Gear and she later expressed regret for doing it, claiming she had been used and that she had been shown different pictures than what were published. In 2001, Biel played the love interest of Freddie Prinze, in 2002, she starred as promiscuous college student, Lara, in the ensemble film The Rules of Attraction, an adaptation of the Bret Easton Ellis novel

51.
Cardiff
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Cardiff is the capital and largest city in Wales and the eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom. The city is the chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media. The unitary authority areas mid-2011 population was estimated to be 346,100, the Cardiff metropolitan area makes up over a third of the total population of Wales, with a mid-2011 population estimate of about 1,100,000 people. Cardiff is a significant tourist centre and the most popular destination in Wales with 18.3 million visitors in 2010. In 2011, Cardiff was ranked sixth in the world in National Geographics alternative tourist destinations, the city of Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan. Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities, the Cardiff Urban Area covers a slightly larger area outside the county boundary, and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth. A small town until the early 19th century, its prominence as a port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city. Cardiff was made a city in 1905, and proclaimed the capital of Wales in 1955, since the 1980s, Cardiff has seen significant development. A new waterfront area at Cardiff Bay contains the Senedd building, home to the Welsh Assembly, sporting venues in the city include the Millennium Stadium, SWALEC Stadium, Cardiff City Stadium, Cardiff International Sports Stadium and Cardiff Arms Park. The city was awarded the title of European City of Sport twice, due to its role in hosting major sporting events, first in 2009. The Millennium Stadium hosted 11 football matches as part of the 2012 Summer Olympics, including the opening event. Caerdydd derives from the earlier Welsh form Caerdyf, the change from -dyf to -dydd shows the colloquial alteration of Welsh f and dd, and was perhaps also driven by folk etymology. This sound change had probably first occurred in the Middle Ages, Caerdyf has its origins in post-Roman Brythonic words meaning the fort of the Taff. The fort probably refers to that established by the Romans, the anglicised form Cardiff is derived from Caerdyf, with the Welsh f borrowed as ff /f/, as also happens in Taff and Llandaff. As English does not have the vowel the final vowel has been borrowed as /ɪ/, although some sources repeat this theory, it has been rejected on linguistic grounds by modern scholars such as Professor Gwynedd Pierce. A group of five Bronze Age tumuli is at the summit of The Garth, four Iron Age hill fort and enclosure sites have been identified within Cardiffs present-day county boundaries, including Caerau Hillfort, an enclosed area of 5.1 hectares. The fort was one of a series of military outposts associated with Isca Augusta that acted as border defences, the fort may have been abandoned in the early 2nd century as the area had been subdued. However, by this time a settlement, or vicus, was established

52.
The Guardian
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The Guardian is a British daily newspaper, known from 1821 until 1959 as the Manchester Guardian. Along with its sister papers The Observer and The Guardian Weekly, The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group, the Scott Trust became a limited company in 2008, with a constitution to maintain the same protections for The Guardian. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than to the benefit of an owner or shareholders, the Guardian is edited by Katharine Viner, who succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. In 2016, The Guardians print edition had a daily circulation of roughly 162,000 copies in the country, behind The Daily Telegraph. The newspaper has an online UK edition as well as two international websites, Guardian Australia and Guardian US, the newspapers online edition was the fifth most widely read in the world in October 2014, with over 42.6 million readers. Its combined print and online editions reach nearly 9 million British readers, notable scoops include the 2011 News International phone hacking scandal, in particular the hacking of murdered English teenager Milly Dowlers phone. The investigation led to the closure of the UKs biggest selling Sunday newspaper, and one of the highest circulation newspapers in the world, in 2016, it led the investigation into the Panama Papers, exposing the then British Prime Minister David Camerons links to offshore bank accounts. The Guardian has been named Newspaper of the Year four times at the annual British Press Awards, the paper is still occasionally referred to by its nickname of The Grauniad, given originally for the purported frequency of its typographical errors. The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by cotton merchant John Edward Taylor with backing from the Little Circle and they launched their paper after the police closure of the more radical Manchester Observer, a paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo Massacre protesters. They do not toil, neither do they spin, but they better than those that do. When the government closed down the Manchester Observer, the champions had the upper hand. The influential journalist Jeremiah Garnett joined Taylor during the establishment of the paper, the prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that it would zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty. Warmly advocate the cause of Reform, endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy and. Support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, in 1825 the paper merged with the British Volunteer and was known as The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer until 1828. The working-class Manchester and Salford Advertiser called the Manchester Guardian the foul prostitute, the Manchester Guardian was generally hostile to labours claims. The Manchester Guardian dismissed strikes as the work of outside agitators –, if an accommodation can be effected, the occupation of the agents of the Union is gone. CP Scott made the newspaper nationally recognised and he was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylors son in 1907. Under Scott, the moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting William Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886

The Guardian
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The Guardian front page on 6 June 2014
The Guardian
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The Guardian senior news writer Esther Addley interviewing Ecuadorian Foreign Minister Ricardo Patiño for this article relating to Julian Assange (August 2014)
The Guardian
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The Guardian's HQ in London
The Guardian
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The Guardian' s Newsroom visitor centre and archive (No 60), with an old sign with the name The Manchester Guardian

53.
Strictly come dancing
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Each couple is scored out of 10 by a panel of judges. The title of the show suggests a continuation of the long-running series Come Dancing, the format has been exported to over 40 other countries, and has also inspired a modern dance-themed spin-off Strictly Dance Fever. The show is presented by Tess Daly and Claudia Winkleman. The thirteenth series ended on 19 December 2015, a further eleven stand-alone Christmas specials have also been produced, in consecutive years from 2004 onwards. Nine charity specials have also produced since 2008. Since the fourth series, the show has also aired in high definition on BBC HD. He stepped down permanently in 2014, the first year of broadcast 2004 there were 2 Series while all the other years there was only one series. Producer Richard Hopkins, who had produced the first UK series of Big Brother, later, entertainment executive Fenia Vardanis also suggested reviving Come Dancing, so Jane Lush, the then head of BBC Entertainment, put Hopkins and Vardanis together to develop the show. Hopkins then called in Karen Smith, who had just produced Comic Relief Does Fame Academy for BBC One and The Games for Channel 4, to lead the development of the show. Smith was the show running Executive Producer of the first three series, and of sister show It Takes Two and she then took the role of Creative Director of BBC Entertainment whilst still overseeing series 4 and 5. Hopkins later took the format to America himself when the BBC dismissed the idea of selling it abroad, from series 1 to 11, Sir Bruce Forsyth and Tess Daly presented the pro-celebrity ballroom dancing competition. Winkleman has joined Daly as full-time co-presenter for series 12 following Forsyths departure after the 2013 series, through telephone voting, viewers vote for who they would like to be in the next round, the results of the poll being combined with the ranking of the judges. For example, with ten contestants left, the judges favourite would receive ten points, second favourite nine points, and so on, the bottom ranked couple gets one point. The profits from the lines were donated to Sport Relief in series 1. The show is broadcast live on BBC One on Saturday evenings, Sir Bruce Forsyth presented the live shows alongside Daly from 2004 to 2013, announcing his departure in 2014. He was to continue to present special editions of the show, the judging panel initially consisted of Bruno Tonioli, Arlene Phillips, Len Goodman and Craig Revel Horwood. Tonioli commutes weekly between Hollywood and London to judge both the American and British versions of the show simultaneously, each judge gives the performance a mark out of ten, giving an overall total out of forty. The voice-over announcer is Alan Dedicoat, the singers on the show are Tommy Blaize, Hayley Sanderson, Lance Ellington, Andrea Grant and formerly the well known UK dance music vocalist Tara McDonald

Strictly come dancing
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Strictly Come Dancing

54.
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
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The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, based in London, was formed by Sir Thomas Beecham in 1946. In its early days the orchestra secured profitable recording contracts and important engagements including the Glyndebourne Festival Opera and the concerts of the Royal Philharmonic Society. Since Beechams death the RPO has had seven chief conductors, including Rudolf Kempe, Antal Doráti, André Previn and Vladimir Ashkenazy, others closely associated with the orchestra have included Sir Charles Groves, Sir Charles Mackerras, Peter Maxwell Davies, Yehudi Menuhin and Leopold Stokowski. In 2004 the orchestra acquired its first permanent London base, at the new Cadogan Hall in Chelsea, the RPO also gives concerts at the Royal Festival Hall, the Royal Albert Hall and venues around the UK and other countries. In 1932 the conductor Sir Thomas Beecham had founded the London Philharmonic Orchestra, which, with the backing of supporters, he ran until 1940. Beecham left to conduct in Australia and then the US, the orchestra continued without him after reorganising itself as a self-governing body. On Beechams return to England in September 1944 the LPO welcomed him back, if he were to become chief conductor again it would be as a paid employee of the orchestra. Beecham responded, I emphatically refuse to be wagged by any orchestra, I am going to found one more great orchestra to round off my career. His new orchestra to rival the Philharmonia would, he told Legge, be launched in the most auspicious circumstances, in 1946 Beecham reached an agreement with the Royal Philharmonic Society, his new orchestra would replace the LPO at all the Societys concerts. He thus gained the right to name the new ensemble the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Beecham arranged with the Glyndebourne Festival that the RPO should be the resident orchestra at Glyndebourne seasons. He secured backing, including that of record companies in the US as well as Britain, the music critic Lyndon Jenkins writes, Naturally, it quickly became known that he was planning another orchestra, at which the cry Hell never get the players. Went up just as it had done in 1932, Beecham was unmoved, I always get the players, he retorted. Among other considerations, they are so good they refuse to play under anybody, Beecham appointed Victor Olof as his orchestral manager, and they started recruiting. At the top of their list were leading musicians with whom Beecham had worked before the war, four had been founder members of the LPO fifteen years previously, Reginald Kell, Gerald Jackson, James Bradshaw and Jack Silvester. From the current LPO they engaged the oboist Peter Newbury, Beecham persuaded the veteran bassoonist Archie Camden, who had been pursuing a solo career, to return to orchestral work. The cellos were led by Raymond Clark, enlisted from the BBC Symphony Orchestra, the principal horn player was Dennis Brain, who already held the same post in Legges Philharmonia, but managed to play for both orchestras. Jenkins speculates that as Beecham knew all Britains orchestral leaders at first hand he decided not to try to lure any of them away, on 11 September 1946 the Royal Philharmonic assembled for its first rehearsal. Four days later it gave its first concert, at the Davis Theatre, Beecham telegraphed a colleague, Press virtually unanimous in praise of orchestra

Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
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The RPO at Cadogan Hall, its home since 2004
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
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Arms of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
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Beecham rehearsing in 1948
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
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Clifford Curzon, soloist at the RPO's Silver Jubilee concert

55.
Patrick Wilson (American actor)
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Patrick Joseph Wilson is an American actor and singer. He spent his career starring in Broadway musicals, beginning in 1995. He is a two-time Tony Award nominee for his roles in The Full Monty and Oklahoma. On television, he starred in the CBS drama series A Gifted Man and he has been cast as Orm Marius / Ocean Master in the DC Extended Universe superhero film Aquaman. Wilsons oldest brother, Paul, works as an advertising executive, Wilson grew up in St. Petersburg, Florida and attended Shorecrest Preparatory School. In 1995, Wilson graduated with a B. F. A. in Drama from Carnegie Mellon University, shortly after, in 1995, Wilson made his acting debut as an understudy in the role of Chris Scott in the national touring production of Miss Saigon. The following year, he portrayed Billy Bigelow in the tour of Carousel. In 1999, he starred as Jamie Conway in the Off-Broadway production of Bright Lights, Big City, for his performance in the role, he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical. Circa 2000, Wilson completed work on the film My Sisters Wedding and he sang On the Street Where You Live from My Fair Lady for Julie Andrews awards ceremony when she received the Kennedy Center Honors in 2001. In 2002, his performance as Curly McLain in the Broadway production of Oklahoma, received critical acclaim, with Wilson being nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical for the second time each. In 2004, Wilson made his first film appearance in The Alamo and that same year, he co-starred in the musical film The Phantom of the Opera as Viscount Raoul de Chagny. The following year, he starred alongside Ellen Page in the thriller film Hard Candy. In 2006, he starred as Brad Adamson in Todd Fields Little Children, also in 2006, he appeared in the Golden Globe Award-nominated Running With Scissors as Michael Shephard, which was directed by Ryan Murphy and produced by Brad Pitt. In 2007, he starred as Brian Callahan in the independent film Purple Violets, in 2008, he starred in Neil LaButes Lakeview Terrace. Wilson played Dan Dreiberg / Nite Owl II in Zack Snyders 2009 film adaptation of the graphic novel Watchmen and this film reunited Wilson with his Little Children co-star, Jackie Earle Haley. On November 20,2010, in Yankee Stadium, he sang the United States National Anthem before the first football game in the new stadium, Wilson played the primary antagonist Lynch in 2010s The A-Team, and co-starred with Rose Byrne in James Wans horror film Insidious. He returned for the films sequel, Insidious, Chapter 2. In 2013, Wilson portrayed the famous paranormal investigator Ed Warren, alongside Vera Farmiga starring as his wife Lorraine, the film was critically acclaimed, becoming one of the highest grossing horror films of all time

56.
Sierra Boggess
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Sierra Marjory Boggess is an American theater actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Ariel in The Little Mermaid on Broadway, sierra has been involved in several productions of The Phantom of the Opera since 2006. In the fall of 2016 she was invited to reprise her role as Christine Daaé in Le Fantôme de lOpéra, however the production was postponed due to a fire at the Théâtre Mogador. Sierra Boggess was born and raised in Denver, Colorado, with her older sister Summer and her younger sister Allegra, the three of them were members of the Colorado Childrens Chorale. Her parents are Kellun Turner Boggess and Michael Boggess and she attended George Washington High School. In an interview with The Interval, Boggess discussed the influence of drama studies during high school on her early development. She graduated from Millikin University in 2004 with a BFA, Boggess began her career in the Ensemble and as an understudy for Cosette on the U. S. national tour of Les Misérables. She also played the roles of Binky and Ram Dass in the musical Princesses at Goodspeed Opera House and her previous work includes West Side Story, The Pirates of Penzance, The Boy Friend and Sweet Charity. Around the time she was performing in Les Misérables, Boggess was cast in the brand new Las Vegas production of Andrew Lloyd WebbersThe Phantom of the Opera at the Venetian Resort, the production opened on June 24,2006. Boggess starred in the leading role of Christine Daaé co-starring Anthony Crivello. She stayed with the Vegas production for a year, Boggess was then cast in her Broadway debut originating the role of Ariel in The Little Mermaid. She performed with the show in its pre-Broadway tryout in Denver at the Denver Center for the Performing Arts Ellie Caulkins Opera House which it ran from July 26,2007 through September 9,2007. The Broadway production began previews on Broadway at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 3,2007, the show was then temporarily shut down on November 10,2007 until November 28,2007, due to the 2007 Broadway stagehand strike. Performances resumed the day following the strike and the official opening night was pushed from December 6,2007 to January 10,2008. Boggess received positive reviews for her performance and she stayed with the show for a year and a half playing her final performance as Ariel on May 31,2009. Boggess was replaced by understudy Chelsea Morgan Stock, while she was performing in The Little Mermaid, Boggess starred opposite Kristin Chenoweth in the Encores. Staged concert of Music in the Air in February 2009, from February 2010 to March 2011, Boggess starred as Christine Daaé in the sequel to The Phantom of the Opera, Love Never Dies. She also took part in the Rodgers and Hammerstein Prom at the Royal Albert Hall on 22 August 2010 which was screened on 28th

Sierra Boggess
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Sierra Boggess

57.
Daily News (New York)
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The New York Daily News, officially titled Daily News, is an American newspaper based in New York City. It is the fourth-most widely circulated newspaper in the United States. It was founded in 1919, and was the first U. S. daily printed in tabloid format and it is owned by Mortimer Zuckerman, and is headquartered at 4 New York Plaza in Lower Manhattan. The Daily News was founded by Joseph Medill Patterson in 1919, Patterson and his cousin, Robert R. McCormick were co-publishers of the Chicago Tribune and grandsons of Tribune founder Joseph Medill. On his way back, Patterson met with Alfred Harmsworth, who was the Viscount Northcliffe and publisher of the Daily Mirror, impressed with the advantages of a tabloid, Patterson launched the Daily News on June 26,1919. The Daily News was not a success, and by August 1919. Still, New Yorks many subway commuters found the tabloid format easier to handle, by the time of the papers first anniversary in June 1920, circulation was over 100,000 and by 1925, over a million. Circulation reached its peak in 1947, at 2.4 million daily and 4.7 million on Sunday. The Daily News carried the slogan New Yorks Picture Newspaper from 1920 to 1991, for its emphasis on photographs, and a camera has been part of the newspapers logo from day one. The papers later slogan, developed from a 1985 ad campaign, is New Yorks Hometown Newspaper, while another has been The Eyes, the Ears, the Honest Voice of New York. News-gathering operations were, for a time, organized using two-way radios, prominent sports cartoonists have included Bill Gallo, Bruce Stark and Ed Murawinski. Editorial cartoonists have included C. D. Batchelor, editions were published as extras in 1991 during the brief tenure of Robert Maxwell as publisher. In 1982, and again in the early 1990s during a newspaper strike, in the 1982 instance, the parent Tribune offered the tabloid up for sale. In 1991, millionaire Robert Maxwell offered financial assistance to The News to help it stay in business, when Maxwell died shortly thereafter, The News seceded from his publishing empire, which eventually splintered under questions about whether Maxwell had the financial backing to sustain it. After Maxwells death in 1991, the paper was held together in bankruptcy by existing management, led by editor James Willse, mort Zuckerman bought the paper in 1993. From its founding until 1991, the Daily News was owned by the Tribune Company, in 1948 The News established WPIX, whose call letters were based on The News nickname of New Yorks Picture Newspaper, and later bought what became WPIX-FM, which is now known as WFAN-FM. The News also maintains local bureaux in the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens, at City Hall, within One Police Plaza, in January 2012, former News of the World and New York Post editor Colin Myler was appointed editor-in-chief of the Daily News. Myler was replaced by his deputy Jim Rich in September 2015, ather than portraying New York through the partisan divide between liberals and conservatives, The News has played up the more mythic rift between the city’s fiends and heroes

58.
New York Journal American
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The New York Journal-American was a daily newspaper published in New York City from 1937 to 1966. Both were published by Hearst from 1895 to 1937, the American and Evening Journal merged in 1937. The Journal-American was a publication with several editions in the afternoon, Joseph Pulitzers younger brother Albert founded the New York Morning Journal in 1882. John R. McLean briefly acquired the paper in 1895, Hearst founded the Evening Journal about a year later. Hearst entered into a war with the New York World. In October 1896, Outcault defected to Hearsts New York Journal, many believed that as part of this, aside from any nationalistic sentiment, Hearst may have helped to initiate the Spanish–American War of 1898 to increase sales. A year later, on January 12,1913, McManus launched his Bringing Up Father comic strip, the comics expanded into two full pages daily and a 12-page Sunday color section with leading King Features Syndicate strips. Uncle Remus, Dinglehoofer and His Dog, Donald Duck, Tippie, Right Around Home, Barney Google and Snuffy Smith, tad Dorgan, known for his boxing and dog cartoons as well as the comic character Judge Rummy, joined the Journals staff in 1905. Rube Goldberg also became a cartoonist with the Journal-American, the Evening Journal was home to famed investigative reporter Nellie Bly, who began writing for the paper in 1914 as a war correspondent from the battlefields of World War I. Bly eventually returned to the United States and was given her own column that she wrote right up until her death in 1922, popular columnists included Westbrook Pegler, O. O. McIntyre, Benjamin De Casseres and Dorothy Kilgallen. Kilgallen also wrote articles that appeared on the days as her column on different pages, sometimes the front page. Regular Journal-American contributor Jimmy Cannon was one of the highest paid sports columnists in the United States, Society columnist Maury Henry Biddle Paul, who wrote under the pseudonym Cholly Knickerbocker, became famous and coined the term Café Society. John F. Kennedy contributed to the newspaper during a career he had as a journalist during the final months of World War II. Beginning in 1938, Max Kase was the editor until the newspaper expired in 1966. The fashion editor was Robin Chandler Duke, jack OBrian was television critic for the Journal-American and exposed the 1958 quiz-show scandal that involved cheating on the popular television program Twenty-One. Ford Frick was a sportswriter for the American before becoming president of baseballs National League, Frick was hired by Wilton S. Farnsworth, who was sports editor of the American from 1914–37 until becoming a boxing promoter. Bill Corum was a sportswriter for the Journal-American who also served nine years as president of the Churchill Downs race track, frank Graham covered sports there from 1945–65 and was inducted in the Baseball Hall of Fame, as were colleagues Charley Feeney and Sid Mercer. Before becoming a news columnist elsewhere, Jimmy Breslin was a Journal-American sportswriter in the early 1960s and he authored the book Cant Anybody Here Play This Game

New York Journal American
New York Journal American
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The front page of the June 26, 1906 issue of the New York American, prior to merger. The murder of Stanford White is its headline.

59.
Pal Joey (musical)
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Pal Joey is a musical with a book by John OHara and music and lyrics by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart. The musical is based on a character and situations OHara created in a series of stories published in The New Yorker. The title character, Joey Evans, is a manipulative small-time nightclub performer whose ambitions lead him into an affair with the wealthy and it includes two songs that have become standards, I Could Write a Book and Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered. The original 1940 Broadway production was directed by George Abbott and starred Vivienne Segal, though it received mixed reviews, the show ran for 10 months, the third-longest run of any Rodgers and Hart musical. There have been several revivals since, including a 2008–09 Broadway run, author John OHara offered his stories of Pal Joey to Rodgers and Hart for adaptation as a new musical. Title character Joey Evans, an unsympathetic but charming antihero, was a departure from the usual musical comedy formula. Joey was amoral, but he was not presented as a villain, Richard Rodgers said, Joey was not disreputable because he was mean, but because he had too much imagination to behave himself, and because he was a little weak. Theres one for play and one for show and they chose Gene Kelly, who was at the time playing a dancing role, Harry the Hoofer, in the play The Time of Your Life. Kelly had made his Broadway debut in 1938 in the chorus of Cole Porters Leave It to Me, Pal Joey would be his first lead role. Segal, who would be 43 when the show opened on Broadway, appreciated the opportunity to play a worldly, mature character, using Segals initials, OHara gave her character the name Vera Simpson. OHara was not present during the tryouts, and director George Abbott took over the rewriting. When the show opened in New York, the critics were divided, Richard Watts called it brilliant, but other critics and members of the theatre-going public disliked the subject matter. Nonetheless, it became the longest running Rodgers-Hart show up to that time, based on original 1940 book Act I In Chicago in the late 1930s, singer/dancer Joey Evans, a charming heel with big plans, schemes to get his own nightclub. He auditions for a job at a second-rate nightclub. Joey gets the job and begins rehearsals with the chorus girls, Joey meets young and naïve Linda English outside a pet shop, and he impresses her with grandiose lies about his career. Linda innocently falls for Joeys line, as the chorus girls are doing a song-and-dance number at the club that night, Linda arrives with a date. Wealthy married socialite Vera Simpson arrives at the club and shows a definite interest in Joey, Joey plays hard-to-get and insults Vera, who walks out. Mike, the owner, fires Joey, but Joey, believing Vera will be back, strikes a deal, if Vera doesnt come back within the next few days

Pal Joey (musical)
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Studio cast album 1950

60.
20th Century Fox
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Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation is an American film studio currently owned by 21st Century Fox. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios and is located in the Century City area of Los Angeles, the studio was formerly owned by News Corporation. 20th Century Fox is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2015, 20th Century Fox celebrated its 80th anniversary as a studio. Spyros Skouras, then manager of the Fox West Coast Theaters, the studios biggest star, Will Rogers, died in a plane crash weeks after the merger. Its leading female star, Janet Gaynor, was fading in popularity and promising leading men James Dunn, at first, it was expected that the new company was originally to be called Fox-20th Century, even though 20th Century was the senior partner in the merger. However, 20th Century brought more to the bargaining table besides Schenck and Zanuck, the new company, 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation, began trading on May 31,1935, the hyphen was dropped in 1985. Schenck became Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, while Kent remained as President, Zanuck became Vice President in Charge of Production, replacing Foxs longtime production chief Winfield Sheehan. The company established a training school. The contracts included an option for renewal for as long as seven years. For many years, 20th Century Fox claimed to have founded in 1915. For instance, it marked 1945 as its 30th anniversary, however, in recent years it has claimed the 1935 merger as its founding, even though most film historians agree it was founded in 1915. The companys films retained the 20th Century Pictures searchlight logo on their credits as well as its opening fanfare. Also on the Fox payroll he found two players who he built up into the studios leading assets, Alice Faye and seven-year-old Shirley Temple, favoring popular biographies and musicals, Zanuck built Fox back to profitability. Thanks to record attendance during World War II, Fox overtook RKO, while Zanuck went off for eighteen months war service, junior partner William Goetz kept profits high by going for light entertainment. The studios—indeed the industrys—biggest star was creamy blonde Betty Grable, in 1942, Spyros Skouras succeeded Kent as president of the studio. Together with Zanuck, who returned in 1943, they intended to make Foxs output more serious-minded. During the next few years, with pictures like The Razors Edge, Wilson, Gentlemans Agreement, The Snake Pit, Boomerang, and Pinky, Zanuck established a reputation for provocative, adult films. Fox also specialized in adaptations of best-selling books such as Ben Ames Williams Leave Her to Heaven, starring Gene Tierney and they also made the 1958 film version of South Pacific

61.
Channing Tatum
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Channing Matthew Tatum is an American actor, dancer, and former stripper. Tatum made his debut in the drama film Coach Carter. His breakthrough role was in the 2006 dance film Step Up and he is known for his portrayal of the character Duke in the 2009 action film G. I. Joe, The Rise of Cobra and its 2013 sequel G. I, Joe films received negative reviews from critics, they were commercially successful, grossing more than $300 million at the box office. Tatum is also known for his role in Magic Mike. He appeared in films as Dear John and The Vow and his other films include Shes the Man, The Dilemma, White House Down, the drama Foxcatcher, The Hateful Eight and Hail, Caesar. Tatum was born in Cullman, Alabama, the son of Kay, a worker, and Glenn Tatum. He has a sister named Paige and he is mostly of English ancestry. His family moved to the Pascagoula, Mississippi area when he was six and he grew up in the bayous near the Mississippi River, where he lived in a rural setting. Tatum has discussed having dealt with attention deficit disorder and dyslexia while growing up, athletic while growing up, he played football, soccer, track, baseball, and performing martial arts, he has said that girls were always biggest distraction in school. As a child, he practiced wuzuquan kung fu, Tatum spent most of his teenage years in the Tampa area, and initially attended Gaither High School. He later attended Glenville State College in Glenville, West Virginia on a football scholarship and he returned home and started working odd jobs. US Weekly reported that around this time Tatum left his job as a roofer and began working as a stripper at a local nightclub, in 2010, he told an Australian newspaper that he wanted to make a movie about his experiences as a stripper. That idea led to the movie Magic Mike, Tatum moved to Miami, where he was discovered by a model talent scout. In 2000, Tatum was first cast as a dancer in Ricky Martins She Bangs music video, after an audition in Orlando, Florida and his experience in the fashion industry began as a model working for noted clients such as Armani and Abercrombie & Fitch. He soon moved into television commercials, landing spots for Mountain Dew. He subsequently signed with Page 305, an agency in Miami. He was cast by Al David for Vogue magazine and soon appeared in campaigns for Abercrombie & Fitch, Nautica, Dolce & Gabbana, American Eagle Outfitters

62.
B.S. Pully
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B. S. Pully, was a New York nightclub comedian and stage actor who created the role of Big Jule in the musical Guys and Dolls. He was noted for his humor and thick, gravelly voice. He also played the role in the 1955 film version, other notable film roles include the gruff Christmas tree vendor in 1945s A Tree Grows in Brooklyn and Joe the Bartender in 1945s Nob Hill. Pully died of an attack in Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia, PA. He was buried in Cedar Park Cemetery in Emerson, NJ, B. S. Pully at the Internet Movie Database B. S. Pully at the Internet Broadway Database B. S. Pully

63.
Regis Toomey
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John Regis Toomey was an American film and television actor. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he was one of four children of Francis X. and Mary Ellen Toomey and he initially pondered a law career, but acting won out and he established himself as a musical stage performer. Educated in dramatics at the University of Pittsburgh, where he became a brother of Sigma Chi, Toomey began as a stock actor, Toomey was a singer on stage until throat problems while touring in Europe stopped that aspect of his career. In 1929, he appeared in his first films, initially starting out as a leading man, Toomey appeared in over 180 films, including classics such as The Big Sleep with Humphrey Bogart. In 1941, Toomey appeared in Youre in the Army Now, in which he, in 1956, Toomey was cast as the Reverend Arnold Grumm in the episode Lifeline of the religion anthology series, Crossroads. That same year, he appeared as a judge, with Chuck Connors as Andy, in the episode, The Nevada Nightingale, of another anthology series, The Joseph Cotten Show, On Trial. Toomey thereafter appeared as the character Harry in the 1960 episode The Doctor, Toomey appeared in a number of episodes of Richard Diamond, Private Detective as Lt. McGough. In the 1961–1962 television season, he appeared in a role with George Nader in the syndicated crime drama Shannon about insurance investigators. About this time he appeared on the NBC western series, The Tall Man, starring Barry Sullivan and he also made two guest appearances on Perry Mason, including the role of murderer Sam Crane in the 1960 episode, The Case of the Loquacious Liar. From 1963 to 1966, Toomey was one of the stars of the ABC crime drama, Burkes Law and he played Sergeant Les Hart, one of the detectives assisting the murder investigations of the millionaire police captain Amos Burke. Toomey also appeared in the CBS western series, Rawhide episode Incident of the Tinkers Dam as TJ Wishbone and he guest-starred on dozens of television programs, including the popular Shady Deal at Sunny Acres episode of ABCs Maverick. In 1968, after the death of Bea Benaderet who played Kate Bradley, Toomey played a role in the CBS series. Appearing as Dr. Stuart, who cared for the citizens of Hooterville, Dr. Janet Craig, played by June Lockhart, was introduced as the new female lead for the show in the episode The Lady Doctor. Toomey died at age 93 on October 12,1991, Regis Toomey at the Internet Movie Database Regis Toomey at the TCM Movie Database Regis Toomey at Find a Grave

Regis Toomey
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Regis Toomey

64.
Ken Page
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Ken Page is an American cabaret singer, actor and voice actor from St. Louis, Missouri. Page was born and raised in St. Louis, Missouri and he attended Bishop DuBourg High School and Fontbonne College. Ken Page began his career in the chorus of The Muny outdoor theater in St. Louis, after making his Broadway debut in The Wiz, Page played Nicely-Nicely Johnson in the all-black revival of Guys and Dolls. He was then featured in the original cast of the Fats Waller musical revue, Aint Misbehavin, in 1982, he played Old Deuteronomy in Cats, returning to the part in the 1998 video release. He also has the distinction of playing God twice, in Randy Newmans Faust at La Jolla Playhouse and Goodman Theatre and in Stephen Schwartzs Children of Eden. Page frequently acts in shows at The Muny, with recent appearances including Jesus Christ Superstar, Aida, The Wizard of Oz, Les Misérables, My One and Only, and Little Shop of Horrors. Besides The Nightmare Before Christmas, Pages major film credits include All Dogs Go to Heaven and Torch Song Trilogy and his TV credits include guest roles on shows such as Charmed and Touched by an Angel, as well as various movies and specials. In recent years, Page has developed and performed his show, Page by Page. Pages most recent role was the voice of the notorious talking plant Audrey II in the Munys production of Little Shop of Horrors

Ken Page
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Ken Page in 2008

65.
Bill Paterson (actor)
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Bill Paterson is a Scottish actor. Born in Glasgow, Paterson spent three years as a quantity surveyors apprentice before attending the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama, Paterson made his professional acting debut in 1967, appearing alongside Leonard Rossiter in Bertolt Brechts The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui at the Glasgow Citizens Theatre. In 1970, Paterson joined the Citizens Theatre for Youth and he remained there as an actor and assistant director until 1972, when he left to appear with Billy Connolly in The Great Northern Welly Boot Show at the Edinburgh Festival. He was a member of 7,84, and made his London debut in 1976 with the company. He appeared in the Edinburgh Festival and London with John Byrnes first play, Writers Cramp, at the Savoy Theatre in 1979. Patersons career began to more on television than the theatre. His first appearances included the 1978 BAFTA award winning drama Licking Hitler and he played Lopakhin in the BBC production of The Cherry Orchard in 1981. He was in the original National Theatre production of Guys and Dolls, Death, in 1997, he appeared as Brian in Spice World. Much of his work has been for the BBC, starring as Dr Douglas Monaghan in three seasons of the supernatural drama series Sea of Souls. Since 2009, he has appeared as George Castle, the head of the CPS in Law & Order, throughout his career he has appeared regularly in radio drama and provided the narration for a large number of documentaries. He provided the voice of the Assistant Arcturan Pilot in Episode 7 of the original BBC Radio 4 version of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy in 1978. In 2005, he would take a role as Rob McKenna, a lorry driver and unknowing Rain God, in Fits the 19th, 20th. He also played the key role of SIS Chief Percy Alleline in the 2009 BBC Radio 4 version of Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, later in the year, Paterson narrated the BBC Four wildlife documentary Birds Britannia. In 2011, Paterson starred in Fast Freddie, The Widow, Paterson plays lawyer Ned Gowan in the 2014 Starz period TV series, Outlander. In 2014 Patterson lands a part as Douglas Henshalls father in TV series Shetland, Paterson has also narrated for various television and radio programmes. He narrated the 2009 BBC TV programme 1929 - The Great Crash which recalled the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and he also narrates the BBCs annual coverage of Edinburgh Military Tattoo and in 2013 appeared as Adam Smith in The Low Road at the Royal Court. In 2016 he narrated The Farmers Country Showdown, a series for the BBC following the show season. In 1984, Paterson married stage designer Hildegard Bechtler, with whom he has a son, playback/Law & Order Images of Bill Paterson Official website Bill Paterson at the Internet Movie Database Bill Paterson at AllMovie

Bill Paterson (actor)
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Paterson in 2006.

66.
John Carpenter
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John Howard Carpenter is an American film director, screenwriter, producer, musician, editor and composer. Although Carpenter has worked in film genres, he is most commonly associated with horror, action. Most films in Carpenters career were initially commercial and critical failures, with the exceptions of Halloween, The Fog, Escape from New York. However, many of Carpenters films from the 1970s and the 1980s have come to be viewed as cult classics, and he has been acknowledged as an influential filmmaker. Cult classics that Carpenter directed include, Dark Star, Assault on Precinct 13, The Thing, Christine, Big Trouble in Little China, Prince of Darkness, They Live and In the Mouth of Madness. He released his first studio album Lost Themes in 2015, Carpenter was born January 16,1948 in Carthage, New York, the son of Milton Jean and Howard Ralph Carpenter, a music professor. He and his moved to Bowling Green, Kentucky in 1953. In a beginning film course at USC Cinema in 1969, Carpenter wrote and directed an 8-minute short film, the film was rediscovered in the USC archives in 2011 and proved interesting because it revealed elements that would appear in his later film, Halloween. The short film was blown-up to 35mm, sixty prints were made, and his first major film as director, Dark Star, was a science fiction black comedy that he cowrote with Dan OBannon. Carpenters efforts did not go unnoticed as much of Hollywood marveled at his abilities within the confines of a shoestring budget. Carpenters next film was Assault on Precinct 13, a low-budget thriller influenced by the films of Howard Hawks, as with Dark Star, Carpenter was responsible for many aspects of the films creation. He not only wrote, directed and scored it, but also edited the film under the pseudonym John T. Chance. Carpenter has said that he considers Assault on Precinct 13 to have been his first real film because it was the first movie that he shot on a schedule. The film marked the first time Carpenter worked with Debra Hill, Carpenter assembled a main cast that consisted of experienced but relatively obscure actors. The film received a reassessment in the United States, where it is now generally regarded as one of the best exploitation films of the 1970s. Carpenter both wrote and directed the Lauren Hutton thriller Someones Watching Me and this TV movie is the tale of a single, working woman who, shortly after arriving in L. A. discovers that she is being stalked. Halloween was a hit and helped give birth to the slasher film genre. Carpenter said of the concept, Halloween night

John Carpenter
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Carpenter in 2010

67.
J.K. Simmons
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Jonathan Kimble J. K. Simmons is an American actor and voice actor. In television, he is known for playing Dr. Emil Skoda on the NBC series Law & Order, neo-Nazi Vernon Schillinger on the HBO prison-drama Oz and his film roles include J. Jonah Jameson in Sam Raimis Spider-Man trilogy and music instructor Terence Fletcher in 2014s Whiplash. He is also known for voicing Cave Johnson in the video game Portal 2, Tenzin in The Legend of Korra, Stanford Pines in Gravity Falls, Kai in Kung Fu Panda 3, and Mayor Lionheart in Zootopia. Simmons also reprised his role as J. Jonah Jameson in various Marvel animated series and he has also appeared in a series of television commercials for Farmers Insurance. Jonathan Kimble Simmons was born on January 9,1955 in Grosse Pointe, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, the son of Patricia, an administrator, and Donald William Simmons, in 1965, when he was 10 years old, his family moved to Worthington, Ohio. In 1973, when he was 18, they moved to Missoula, Montana, the younger Simmons graduated from the University of Montana in 1978 with a music degree. During his tenure, he was part of the music-oriented fraternity Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia. Later, Simmons moved to Seattle and became a member of the Seattle Repertory Theatre, on Broadway, Simmons played Benny Southstreet in the 1992 revival of Guys and Dolls. In 1994 he sang roles in the Wagner opera satire. He also played the role of Jigger in a revival of Carousel with the Houston Grand Opera and he also stars as Ralph Earnhardt, the father of race-car driver Dale Earnhardt, in 3, The Dale Earnhardt Story. He plays Will Pope, Assistant Chief of the LAPD, in the series The Closer. In an interesting precursor to his joining the Law & Order cast as Skoda, Simmons appeared in Homicide, Life on the Street, portraying a criminal in a Law & Order cross-over episode. Other roles include that of a general in the television sitcom Arrested Development. He played B. R. in the film Thank You for Smoking and has been praised for his performance in Juno as Mac McGuff, in all three of Sam Raimis Spider-Man films, Simmons played J. Jonah Jameson, editor-in-chief of the newspaper Daily Bugle. In 2008, he played a CIA superior in Burn After Reading and he also appeared in I Love You, Man. Simmons starred in films produced or directed by his friend Jason Reitman, including Thank You for Smoking, Juno, Up in the Air. In 2013, he had a role as Mr. Jervis in Reitmans film Labor Day. He voices Tenzin, an Airbending master and the son of Aang and Katara and he starred as blind lawyer Mel Fisher in Growing Up Fisher

68.
Tituss Burgess
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Tituss Burgess is an American actor and singer. He has appeared in four Broadway musicals and is known for his tenor voice. Born and raised in Athens, Georgia, he attended Cedar Shoals High School where he was active in the theatre program and he graduated from the University of Georgia with a BA in music. Burgess made his Broadway debut in the musical Good Vibrations as Eddie in 2005 and he originated the role of Sebastian the Crab in the musical The Little Mermaid in 2007 and went on to the role of Nicely-Nicely Johnson in the revival of Guys and Dolls in 2009. He has also performed in regional theater productions, including The Wiz. Burgess performed at the Broadway for Obama benefit concert held at the State Theatre Center for the Arts in Easton and he performed at the Broadway After Dark benefit concert on October 26,2008 in New York City. He performed in a concert at Birdland in New York City on July 27,2009. In July 2009, he was a performer on the R Family Vacations Summer Cruise, three months later, he was featured on an episode of the popular web show The Batterys Down. He appeared in Season 5 of 30 Rock as DFwan, a member of Tracy Jordans wifes entourage and he reprised the role in Season 6. In March 2013, Burgess performed And I Am Telling You, from the Broadway musical Dreamgirls at Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS fundraising concert Broadway Backwards. On March 6,2015, Netflix released the first season of Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt which stars Burgess in a role as Titus Andromedon. Burgess received universal acclaim for his performance, with The New York Times stating that the role was made for him. In June 2016, Burgess reprised his role of Sebastian the Crab during the Hollywood Bowl concert event of The Little Mermaid

69.
William Ivey Long
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William Ivey Long is an American costume designer for stage and film. His most notable work includes the Broadway shows The Producers, Hairspray, Nine, Crazy for You, Grey Gardens, Young Frankenstein, Cinderella, Bullets Over Broadway and his father was the founder of the Winthrop University theatre department. William grew up in Manteo, North Carolina and Rock Hill and he then attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to pursue a Ph. D. in art history. At Chapel Hill he met visiting professor Betty Smith who suggested he apply to the program at Yale University. He left UNC and went to the Yale School of Drama to study set design and it was here that he met Sigourney Weaver, Wendy Wasserstein, Meryl Streep, Christopher Durang, and Paul Rudnick, who were all also students at the university. While at Yale he studied under designer Ming Cho Lee, whom he has credited with being an influence on his work. Upon his graduation from Yale in 1975, he moved to New York City where he worked for couturier Charles James as an apprentice until Jamess death in 1978. A friend of his from Yale, Karen Schulz, who was the set designer for a Broadway revival of Nikolai Gogols The Inspector General and this marked Longs first Broadway production, he has since designed for over 60 Broadway shows. He has been nominated for fifteen Tony Awards, winning six and he has also won the Drama Desk Award for outstanding costume design for Hairspray, The Producers, Guys and Dolls, Lend Me a Tenor, and Nine. Other recent credits include Young Frankenstein, The Ritz, Chicago, in 2000 Long was chosen by the National Theatre Conference as its Person of the Year and was honored with the Legend of Fashion Award by the Art Institute of Chicago in 2003. He was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame for 2005, the Cameron Art Museum in Wilmington, North Carolina featured an exhibition of Longs designs titled Between Taste and Travesty, Costume Designs by William Ivey Long. Longs creations have had a tendency to become as much of a celebrity as the people who wear them, wrote Encore Magazines art columnist and his pieces are so lively that they seem to have personalities on their own. The movements the costumes were made for seem to reflect in the fabric, each detail is lovingly stitched for the characters of the stage and speaks of the story itself, giving the viewer a little taste of the spectacle that is Broadway. In June 2012, he was elected Chairman of The American Theatre Wing and he is the first working theatre artist to hold this position since Helen Hayes

William Ivey Long
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The principal characters of The Lost Colony outdoor drama from the 2008 production. Costumes and scenery designed by William Ivey Long

70.
Paul Gallo
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Paul Gallo is an American theatrical lighting designer. In a career that spans over 3 decades, Gallo has designed over 50 Broadway productions and he made his Broadway debut at the age of 27 with Passione, starring Jerry Stiller. Gallo was born in New York City near Arthur Avenue in the Bronx, Gallo attended Ithaca College on an acting scholarship but soon discovered his aptitude for lighting. He then went on to study lighting with Tom Skelton and Ming Cho Lee as a graduate of the Yale School of Drama. C

Paul Gallo
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Photo by Brendan Ragan

71.
Helpmann Award
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It is named in honour of Sir Robert Helpmann, an Australian actor, dancer, choreographer and theatre director. Established in 2001, the award is handed out for achievements in the disciplines of theatre, contemporary music, comedy, opera, classical music, theatre, dance. As of 2013, a total of forty-one competitive awards are given to individuals for their work in performance, direction, choreography, lighting, sound, music, costume and scenic design and production. Non-competitive awards are presented, including, the JC Williamson Award, Brian Stacey Award. The Helpmann Awards were established in 2001 by the Australian Entertainment Industry Association and they are named in honour of Australian actor, choreographer, dancer and theatre director, Sir Robert Helpmann. They are given to productions regardless of the Australian state they were staged in. The accolade was created to be the Australian equivalent of the Tony Awards for Broadway theatre in the United States, over the years the categories have expanded and currently include forty-one honours. Live Performance Australia appoints members for the Helpmann Awards Administration Committee, ten nominating panels determine the nominees for their respective fields. These are, cabaret, childrens presentation, comedy, contemporary music, dance and physical theatre, industry awards, musicals, opera and classical music, the nominating panels comprises artists, creatives, arts administrators, writers, journalists, producers, promoters, venue managers and educators. The HAAC selects the chair of each panel, who in turn chooses the members of their respective fields, the nominations are then determined by each of them, who choose four per category. The winners are determined by the voters who are, employees of LPA members, panelists and previous winners, the votes are audited by accounting firm BDO. The award categories are currently, The Helpmann Awards ceremony is held between May and September, to celebrate productions staged in Australia during the eligibility period. They are always presented in Sydney, New South Wales, though in 2002 an attempt was made to host it in Melbourne, Victoria, Australian actor Simon Burke has presided over the event seven times, the most of any other person from 2001-2006, and again in 2012. Star City has provided venues for seven ceremonies, at the Lyric Theatre and Star City Show Room, but the awards have also held at the Sydney Opera House. Through its association with television provider Foxtel, the awards have been broadcast on various networks. ^ Each year is linked to the full list of winners, official website Helpmann Awards trophy picture

Helpmann Award
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The awards are named after Sir Robert Helpmann (pictured).
Helpmann Award
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Simon Burke has hosted the awards seven times, more than any other person.

72.
Bing Crosby
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Harry Lillis Bing Crosby, Jr. was an American singer and actor. The first multimedia star, from 1931 to 1954 Crosby was a leader in sales, radio ratings. His early career coincided with technical recording innovations such as the microphone and this allowed him to develop a laid-back, intimate singing style that influenced many of the popular male singers who followed him, including Perry Como, Frank Sinatra, Dick Haymes, and Dean Martin. Also in 1948, the Music Digest estimated that Crosby recordings filled more than half of the 80,000 weekly hours allocated to recorded radio music, in 1963, Crosby received the first Grammy Global Achievement Award. He is one of only 33 people to have three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, in the categories of motion pictures, radio, Crosby influenced the development of the postwar recording industry. He became the first performer to pre-record his radio shows and master his commercial recordings onto magnetic tape. In addition to his work with early tape recording, he helped to finance the development of videotape, bought television stations, bred racehorses, Crosby died at the age of 74 on October 14,1977, from a sudden heart attack in Alcobendas, Spain. Crosby was born on May 2,1903 in Tacoma, Washington, in 1906, Crosbys family moved to Spokane, and in 1913, Crosbys father built a house at 508 E. Sharp Avenue. The house now sits on the campus of Crosbys alma mater Gonzaga University and he was the fourth of seven children, brothers Larry, Everett, Ted, and Bob, and two sisters, Catherine and Mary Rose. His parents were Harry Lowe Crosby, Sr. a bookkeeper, Crosbys mother was a second generation Irish-American. In 1910, seven-year-old Harry Crosby Jr. was forever renamed, the Sunday edition of the Spokesman-Review published a feature called The Bingville Bugle. Written by humorist Newton Newkirk, The Bingville Bugle was a parody of a hillbilly newsletter filled with gossipy tidbits, minstrel quips, creative spelling, and mock ads. A neighbor, 15-year-old Valentine Hobart, shared Crosbys enthusiasm for The Bugle, and noting Crosbys laugh, took a liking to him, eventually, the last vowel was dropped and the nickname stuck. Crosby later described Jolsons delivery as electric, Crosby graduated from Gonzaga High School in 1920 and enrolled at Gonzaga University. He attended Gonzaga for three years, but did not earn a bachelors degree, as a freshman, he played on the universitys baseball team. The university granted him a doctorate in 1937. In 1923, Crosby was invited to join a new band composed of school students a few years younger than himself. Al Rinker, Miles Rinker, James Heaton, Claire Pritchard and Robert Pritchard, along with drummer Crosby, formed the Musicaladers, the group performed on Spokane radio station KHQ, but disbanded after two years

73.
Jo Stafford
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Jo Elizabeth Stafford was an American traditional pop music singer and occasional actress, whose career spanned five decades from the late 1930s to the early 1980s. Her 1952 song You Belong to Me topped the charts in the United States and United Kingdom, born in Coalinga, California, Stafford made her first musical appearance at age twelve. While still at school she joined her two older sisters to form a vocal trio named The Stafford Sisters, who found moderate success on radio. In 1938, while the sisters were part of the cast of Twentieth Century Foxs production of Alexanders Ragtime Band, Stafford met the members of The Pied Pipers. Bandleader Tommy Dorsey hired them in 1939 to perform vocals for his orchestra. In addition to her recordings with the Pied Pipers, Stafford featured in performances for Dorsey. After leaving the group in 1944, she recorded a series of pop standards for Capitol Records, many of her recordings were backed by the orchestra of Paul Weston. She also performed duets with Gordon MacRae and Frankie Laine and her work with the United Service Organizations giving concerts for soldiers during World War II earned her the nickname G. I. Jo. S. and in 1961 in the U. K. Stafford married twice, first in 1937 to musician John Huddleston, then in 1952 to Paul Weston, with whom she had two children. She and Weston developed a routine in which they assumed the identity of an incompetent lounge act named Jonathan and Darlene Edwards. The act proved popular at parties and among the public when the couple released an album as the Edwardses in 1957. In 1961, the album Jonathan and Darlene Edwards in Paris won Stafford her only Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album, Stafford largely retired as a performer in the mid-1960s, but continued in the music business. She had a resurgence in popularity in the late 1970s when she recorded a cover of the Bee Gees hit. In the 1990s, she began re-releasing some of her material through Corinthian Records and she died in 2008 in Century City, Los Angeles, and is interred with Weston at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City. Her work in radio, television and music is recognized by three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Jo Elizabeth Stafford was born in Coalinga, California, in 1917, to Grover Cleveland Stafford and Anna Stafford —a second cousin of World War I hero Sergeant Alvin York. She was the third of four children, both her parents enjoyed singing and sharing music with their family. Staffords father hoped for success in the California oil fields when he moved his family from Gainesboro, Tennessee and her mother was an accomplished banjo player, playing and singing many of the folk songs which influenced Staffords later career. Anna insisted that her children should take lessons, but Jo was the only one among her sisters who took a keen interest in it

74.
The McGuire Sisters
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The McGuire Sisters were a singing trio in American popular music. The group was composed of three sisters, Christine McGuire, Dorothy McGuire, and Phyllis McGuire, among their most popular songs are Sincerely and Sugartime, both number one hits. The McGuire sisters were born in Middletown, Ohio, and grew up in Miamisburg and their mother, Lillie, was a minister of the Miamisburg First Church of God, where as children they sang in church at weddings, funerals and revivals. When they started singing in 1935, the youngest sister, Phyllis, was four years old, eventually they sang at occasions outside church and by 1949 were singing at military bases and veterans hospitals, performing a more diverse repertoire than in church. The McGuire Sisters signed with Coral Records in 1952, in the same year they appeared on Arthur Godfreys Talent Scouts, and Godfrey hired them for his other shows, where they remained for seven years. The November 1953 issue of Cosmopolitan magazine called them Godfreys Merry McGuires, the sisters often were compared to the Andrews Sisters. Maxene Andrews said in an interview with Joe Franklin on WOR radio in 1979, while working on the Godfrey show, the McGuires befriended the singer Lu Ann Simms and attended her wedding to the music publisher Loring Buzzell in July 1956. Buzzells publishing firm, Hecht-Lancaster & Buzzell Music provided two songs for the McGuire Sisters, May You Always and Theme from The Unforgiven, in their early recordings, Phylliss voice can almost be mistaken for that of Patty Andrews. The McGuire Sisters and the Andrews Sisters met several times during their careers, much like the Andrews Sisters, the McGuire Sisters moved when they sang, often executing dance routines in lavish production numbers on countless television specials. The Andrews Sisters performed similarly in films in the 1940s and were the first female group to move when they sang. Phyllis has said that she and her sisters did not know any popular songs when they became famous and they performed for five Presidents of the United States and for Queen Elizabeth II. In 1958, their mother appeared as a guest challenger on the game show To Tell the Truth. The trio was dressed and coiffed identically and performed synchronized body movements and their recordings of Sincerely, Picnic, and Sugartime each sold more than one million copies. They retired from public appearances in 1968, giving their last performance that year on The Ed Sullivan Show, Phyllis McGuire continued to perform solo for a time. The demise of the group is attributed to Phyllis long-standing personal relationship with mobster Sam Giancana. And according to the way I was brought up there was nothing wrong with the that, and I didnt find out until sometime later really who he was, and I was already in love. The sisters reunited in 1986, performing at Torontos Royal York Hotel for the first time since their retirement. Since then, the sisters had made public appearances together, including in 2004

The McGuire Sisters
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McGuire Sisters in 1964

75.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker

International Standard Book Number
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A 13-digit ISBN, 978-3-16-148410-0, as represented by an EAN-13 bar code

76.
The Daily Telegraph
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It was founded by Arthur B. Sleigh in 1855 as The Daily Telegraph and Courier, the papers motto, Was, is, and will be, appears in the editorial pages and has featured in every edition of the newspaper since April 19,1858. The paper had a circulation of 460,054 in December 2016 and its sister paper, The Sunday Telegraph, which started in 1961, had a circulation of 359,287 as of December 2016. The Daily Telegraph has the largest circulation for a newspaper in the UK. The two sister newspapers are run separately, with different editorial staff, but there is cross-usage of stories, articles published in either may be published on the Telegraph Media Groups www. telegraph. co. uk website, under the title of The Telegraph. However, critics, including an editor, accuse it of being unduly influenced by advertisers. The Daily Telegraph and Courier was founded by Colonel Arthur B, Sleigh in June 1855 to air a personal grievance against the future commander-in-chief of the British Army, Prince George, Duke of Cambridge. Joseph Moses Levy, the owner of The Sunday Times, agreed to print the newspaper, the paper cost 2d and was four pages long. Nevertheless, the first edition stressed the quality and independence of its articles and journalists, however, the paper was not a success, and Sleigh was unable to pay Levy the printing bill. Levy took over the newspaper, his aim being to produce a newspaper than his main competitors in London. The same principle should apply to all other events—to fashion, to new inventions, in 1876, Jules Verne published his novel Michael Strogoff, whose plot takes place during a fictional uprising and war in Siberia. In 1937, the newspaper absorbed The Morning Post, which espoused a conservative position. Originally William Ewart Berry, 1st Viscount Camrose, bought The Morning Post with the intention of publishing it alongside The Daily Telegraph, for some years the paper was retitled The Daily Telegraph and Morning Post before it reverted to just The Daily Telegraph. As an result, Gordon Lennox was monitored by MI5, in 1939, The Telegraph published Clare Hollingworths scoop that Germany was to invade Poland. In November 1940, with Fleet Street subjected to almost daily bombing raids by the Luftwaffe, The Telegraph started printing in Manchester at Kemsley House, Manchester quite often printed the entire run of The Telegraph when its Fleet Street offices were under threat. The name Kemsley House was changed to Thomson House in 1959, in 1986 printing of Northern editions of the Daily and Sunday Telegraph moved to Trafford Park and in 2008 to Newsprinters at Knowsley, Liverpool. During the Second World War, The Daily Telegraph covertly helped in the recruitment of code-breakers for Bletchley Park, the ability to solve The Telegraphs crossword in under 12 minutes was considered to be a recruitment test. The competition itself was won by F. H. W. Hawes of Dagenham who finished the crossword in less than eight minutes, both the Camrose and Burnham families remained involved in management until Conrad Black took control in 1986

The Daily Telegraph
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The Sunday Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph
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The Daily Telegraph front page on 29 June 2015
The Daily Telegraph
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In 1882 The Daily Telegraph moved to new Fleet Street premises, which were pictured in the Illustrated London News.
The Daily Telegraph
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The Daily Telegraph building in 1974

77.
The Independent
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The Independent is a British online newspaper. The printed edition of the paper ceased in March 2016, nicknamed the Indy, it began as a broadsheet newspaper, but changed to tabloid format in 2003. Until September 2011, the paper described itself on the banner at the top of every newspaper as free from party political bias and it tends to take a pro-market stance on economic issues. The daily edition was named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2004 British Press Awards. In June 2015, it had a daily circulation of just below 58,000,85 per cent down from its 1990 peak. On 12 February 2016, it was announced that The Independent, the last print edition of The Independent on Sunday was published on 20 March 2016, with the main paper ceasing print publication the following Saturday. Launched in 1986, the first issue of The Independent was published on 7 October in broadsheet format and it was produced by Newspaper Publishing plc and created by Andreas Whittam Smith, Stephen Glover and Matthew Symonds. All three partners were former journalists at The Daily Telegraph who had left the paper towards the end of Lord Hartwells ownership, marcus Sieff was the first chairman of Newspaper Publishing, and Whittam Smith took control of the paper. The paper was created at a time of a change in British newspaper publishing. Rupert Murdoch was challenging long-accepted practices of the print unions and ultimately defeated them in the Wapping dispute, consequently, production costs could be reduced which, it was said at the time, created openings for more competition. As a result of controversy around Murdochs move to Wapping, the plant was effectively having to function under siege from sacked print workers picketing outside, the Independent attracted some of the staff from the two Murdoch broadsheets who had chosen not to move to his companys new headquarters. Launched with the advertising slogan It is, and challenging both The Guardian for centre-left readers and The Times as the newspaper of record, The Independent reached a circulation of over 400,000 by 1989. Competing in a market, The Independent sparked a general freshening of newspaper design as well as, within a few years. Some aspects of production merged with the paper, although the Sunday paper retained a largely distinct editorial staff. It featured spoofs of the other papers mastheads with the words The Rupert Murdoch or The Conrad Black, a number of other media companies were interested in the paper. Tony OReillys media group and Mirror Group Newspapers had bought a stake of about a third each by mid-1994, in March 1995, Newspaper Publishing was restructured with a rights issue, splitting the shareholding into OReillys Independent News & Media, MGN, and Prisa. In April 1996, there was another refinancing, and in March 1998, OReilly bought the other 54% of the company for £30 million, brendan Hopkins headed Independent News, Andrew Marr was appointed editor of The Independent, and Rosie Boycott became editor of The Independent on Sunday. Marr introduced a dramatic if short-lived redesign which won critical favour but was a commercial failure, Marr admitted his changes had been a mistake in his book, My Trade

The Independent
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The Independent front page, 15 February 2014

78.
Internet Movie Database
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database

Internet Movie Database
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Internet Movie Database (IMDb)

79.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946

The New York Times
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Cover of The New York Times (November 15, 2012), with the headline story reporting on Operation Pillar of Defense.
The New York Times
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First published issue of New-York Daily Times, on September 18, 1851.
The New York Times
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The Times Square Building, The New York Times ‍ '​ publishing headquarters, 1913–2007
The New York Times
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The New York Times newsroom, 1942

80.
Deadline.com
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Deadline. com, official name Deadline Hollywood, and previously known as news blog Deadline Hollywood Daily, is an online magazine founded by Nikki Finke in 2006. Owned by Jay Penske since 2009, it is a brand of the Penske Media Corporation, the site is updated several times a day, with the infotainment industry as its focus. Finke began writing her LA Weekly column Deadline Hollywood in June 2002, in 2009, she sold DHD to Mail. com Media for a reported seven-figure payday, under an agreement by which she would hire an additional writer but remain the sites editor. In September 2009, the URL was changed to deadline. com, in November 2013, Finke left Deadline after a year-long disagreement between herself and Penske, who had bought Variety, a competing trade magazine and website. In 2010, Nikki Finke hired Variety reporter Mike Fleming Jr. Finke remained the editor of Deadline Hollywood, official website About Deadline. com at PMC

Deadline.com
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Deadline.com

81.
Internet Broadway Database
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The Internet Broadway Database is an online database of Broadway theatre productions and their personnel. It was conceived and created by Karen Hauser in 1996 and is operated by the Research Department of The Broadway League, the website also has a corresponding app for both the IOS and Android. This comprehensive history of Broadway provides records of productions from the beginnings of New York theatre in the 18th century up to today, details include cast and creative lists for opening night and current day, song lists, awards and other interesting facts about every Broadway production. Other features of IBDB include an archive of photos from past and present Broadway productions, headshots, links to cast recordings on iTunes or Amazon, gross. Its mission was to be an interactive, user-friendly, searchable database for League members, journalists, researchers, the League recently added Broadway Touring shows to the database for ease of tracking shows that play in theatres across the country. It is managed by Karen Hauser, Michael Abourizk, and Mark Smith of the Broadway League, Internet Theatre Database – ITDb Internet Movie Database – IMDb Internet Book Database – IBookDb Lortel Archives – IOBDb The Broadway League Official website Broadway League website

Internet Broadway Database

82.
Can-Can (musical)
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Can-Can is a musical with music and lyrics by Cole Porter, and a book by Abe Burrows. The story concerns the showgirls of the Montmartre dance halls during the 1890s, the original Broadway production ran for over two years beginning in 1953, and the 1954 West End production was also a success. The 1960 film of the musical starred Shirley MacLaine, Frank Sinatra, Louis Jourdan, Maurice Chevalier and it incorporated songs from other Porter musicals and films in addition to the original stage production. According to Ben Brantley, Claudine was the part that made Gwen Verdon a star, the West End production premiered at the Coliseum Theatre on October 14,1954, and ran for 394 performances. Restaged by Jerome Whyte, the cast included Irene Hilda, Edmund Hockridge, Alfred Marks, Gillian Lynne, a Broadway revival was attempted in 1977 starring film actress Leslie Caron and John Stewart. Produced by Robert Young, E. Michael Crowley, Robert DAngelo, a Broadway revival opened April 30,1981 at the Minskoff Theatre and closed after five performances and sixteen previews. It was directed by Burrows with choreography by Roland Petit and starred Zizi Jeanmaire, Frank Rich wrote. mediocre material, no matter how its sliced, is still mediocre material. Can-Can never was a musical, and now, almost three decades after its original production, it stands on even shakier legs. A1983 outdoor production played at The Muny in St. Louis, starring Judy Kaye, John Reardon, John Schuck, Lawrence Leritz, Lorene Yarnell and Beth Leavel to excellent reviews. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch noted Can-Can opened in dazzling style, reminisent of the Muny glory days, Judy Kaye offers a robust, sassy Pistache. Leritz and Yarnell are teamed in exciting style, the London revival at the Strand Theatre ran from October 26,1988 through January 21,1989. David Taylor directed, with choreography by Kenn Oldfield, with a cast that featured Donna McKechnie, Bernard Alane, Norman Warwick, Janie Dee, producer Lovett Bickford explained that his version was less a revival than a complete revision. For all intents and purposes, this is a new show and it had a revised book which incorporated songs from Fifty Million Frenchmen, Nymph Errant, Silk Stockings, Out of This World and other Cole Porter musicals. Also in 1988, an international tour starred Chita Rivera and Ron Holgate, the tour featured the Radio City Music Hall Rockettes. This production was directed by Dallett Norris, with choreography by Alan Johnson, in 2004, a City Center Encores. A2007 production at the Pasadena Playhouse in California used a book by Joel Fields and David Lee. Lee and Fields created a story for the protagonists, tightened the plot. The cast featured Michelle Duffy and Kevin Earley, and the production received praise for Patti Colombos choreography, Steve Orichs new orchestrations

Can-Can (musical)
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Original Cast Recording

83.
Forty Carats
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Forty Carats is a play by Jay Allen. Their ensuing romantic interlude changes from an encounter to a potentially serious relationship when he turns up on her New York City doorstep to take her 17-year-old daughter on a date. After two previews, the Broadway production, directed by Abe Burrows, opened on December 26,1968, at the Morosco Theatre, the opening-night cast included Julie Harris, Franklin Cover, Glenda Farrell, Murray Hamilton, Nancy Marchand, and Michael Nouri. June Allyson, Joan Fontaine, and Zsa Zsa Gabor succeeded Harris, over the years, the play has become a popular vehicle for leading ladies of a certain age. The 1973 film adaptation starred Liv Ullman

Forty Carats
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Broadway Playbill with June Allyson

84.
The Solid Gold Cadillac
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The Solid Gold Cadillac is a 1956 film directed by Richard Quine and written by Abe Burrows, Howard Teichmann and George S. Kaufman. It was adapted from the hit Broadway play of the name by Teichmann and Kaufman, in which they pillory big business. The film stars Judy Holliday and Paul Douglas, the film is in black-and-white except for the very last scene, which is in Technicolor. Laura Partridge, a minority stockholder with just ten shares of stock, drives its arrogant, self-serving executives to distraction with her incessant questioning during this and subsequent meetings. Blessington comes up with the idea of hiring the struggling actress as Director of Shareholder Relations to keep her occupied answering letters from small shareholders and he assigns her a secretary, Amelia Shotgraven, with secret instructions to obstruct her as much as possible. The conscientious Miss Partridge, discovering there is nothing for her to do and she gains Amelias friendship and wholehearted assistance by helping her develop a romantic relationship with office manager Mark Jenkins. When the directors find out, they fire Amelia, with that as leverage, she gets Amelia rehired. Still determined to neutralize Laura, the Board decides to send her to Washington to persuade McKeever to give them some government contracts and she agrees to go, with the secret intention of trying to convince him to return and take back control from his crooked cronies. However, the company Directors recall that he has divested himself of all his shares and is thus powerless, so they brush him off. However, Laura has forged a relationship with many of the smaller investors while working at the company, they responded and sent in their proxies. McKeever uses these votes to replace the entire Board, in gratitude for rescuing the company, the shareholders make a gift of a solid gold Cadillac to the happy couple. He concluded, it give you an entertaining ride. The Film4 reviewer agreed that the story was not particularly convincing, jean Louis won the Academy Award for Best Costume Design Black and White. Ross Bellah, William Kiernan, and Louis Diage were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction Black and White. Holliday was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, while the film was nominated for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy