How and why are we different from other people? Many scientists have addressed the answer to this question and developed various models of personality. All models mainly focus on the differences between people, which lead to the term “differential psychology." Here, you will learn about the principal models of personality, personality disorders as well as behavioral styles, and you will be optimally prepared for exams, the preliminary examination and the medical practice.

00:00
Now, what is the
Influence of Social Factors on Identity Formation?Now, the influence of other individual
is really, really unique.
00:09
And I think again we can all relate to this and there's
a phenomenon called this the Looking-glass selfwhich proposes an individual’s sense of
self develops from interpersonal interactionswith others in society and the perception of others.
00:22
So in English, what we are going to say is
“You shape yourself."And what you feel and think about yourself,
your identity is formedby those relationships with those around you.
00:32
So who your friends? Who do you hang out with?
Who do you talk to at work?All of that will shape, help shape of your identity.
00:40
So if you hang around, interact with a lot intelligent folks
that will then help identify you.
00:47
You yourself will say,
“Well, I hang out with a lot of smart people.
00:50
I’m a collegiate. I’m at on academic.”versus “I really am into sports.
I hang out with a lot of jocks.
00:56
I play a lot of sports, we talk about sports.”
that’s going to shape your identity.
00:59
So we call that the looking-glass self.
01:01
It develops at an early age and contributes throughout lifehelping shape your self-concepts.
01:06
So as again a lot of these factors are
long drawn out developmental thingsthat happened over a period of time.
01:11
Now, Social behaviorism suggests the mind
and self-emerges through the social processof communicating with others.
01:19
So social we know is interacting with people
in our social environment engagingand behaviorism is your behavior.
01:27
What we’re saying is
your eventual identity is formed throughthe behaviors that you do in the
social setting through the social processof communicating with others.
Like I implied.
01:36
So looking-glass self and social behaviorism
are obviously linked.
01:40
Now, let’s go through how we can actually
gather some of this information.
01:47
The influence of other individuals.
01:49
Now, you may know as little kids,
what we love to do is imitate, right.
01:52
So imitation is when an individual
observes and replicates another behavior.
01:56
Now, this is unlimited to young children
because we know as adults,we imitate what we see a lot of the timewhether it’s a pop star or
a role model that we are [inaudible 00:02:03,8]we will try to imitate I mean like
their behaviors and their action, right.
02:07
So this happens very early in development.
02:09
and is considered innate by many
and involve something called mirror neurons.
02:13
What we’re saying here is that when you’re
a small small baby or even you’re toddler,we know that everybody across the board,
globally speaking children tend to imitate.
02:25
And so that’s where they say,
“Well, this is maybe not a learned behavior.
02:29
This is an innate behavior meaning
something that’s found from within.
02:32
And there are this specialized neurons
called mirror neurons.
02:36
And this mirror neurons are neurons
that are found that will firewhen you’re either doing an action or
you’re watching somebody doing an action.
02:44
So that’s what we called mirror.
They’re mirroring an activity.
02:47
So you see somebody lifting up
a glass and laughing and you do that'cause you’re copying those
mirror neurons will fire.
02:55
You just watching that person do
the same activity will have them fire.
02:58
So they sort of believed that these
mirror neurons will help reinforceor help that imitation happen because
they’re watching and reinforcing the behavior.
03:06
Infants imitate simple reflex behaviorwhile toddlers and young children imitate roles.
03:15
And I would add to this, that adults
imitates actual personality and identity.
03:22
You can see they start with a small steps
or say it’s the simple things like you saying,“Dadadada” or saying “Look at the cute baby.”And that you’re saying this with the baby,
the baby going to see that.
03:33
and the baby going to replicate some
of the words and sounds you’re making.
03:36
If the baby sees you combing your hair
and might try to do simple things like that.
03:40
And as they get a little bit older, toddlers
will start to play “Mommy” and or play “Daddy “And they’ll see that all mom
always wears heels and wears a dressand they’ll sneak in and get
all your lipstick and cover their faceand put on the dress and come on the heels.
And their pretending to play mommy.
03:56
Or if they’re playing you buy your child
a little kitchen set and they’re cooking.
04:01
and what are they trying to do?they try to copy mom or dad
whoever is doing the cookingand they do this role behavior imitating roles.
04:08
And so again, these all falls under imitation.
04:13
Imitation is when we know that
the desired behavior is something thatthe behavior is saying as the desired behavior.
04:23
It something that they want to see
and do and which is why they replicate.
04:29
Imitation and role-taking are related but is different.
04:35
We can imitate simple behaviors
and role-taking as much more specific.
04:38
Now we have taken on that role and with
that role comes a behaviors and an identity.
04:44
So appreciate that other’s views
and roles different from their ownand how our actions will affect others.
04:51
So here all were saying, is when
you have a certain viewpoint,and you have a different role
that might differ from those around you,and the actions that you take will affect others,
and the actions that other take will affect you.
05:07
Again, this interactive process
will shape your identity.
05:13
Role-taking ability involves understandingthe cognitive and affective aspects of that role.
05:19
What we’re saying here,
is if I’m going to play say doctor,as a youngster and I’m pretending to be
a doctor you need to then as a childgrasp and understand the moods, emotions
and attitudes that a doctor would have.
05:35
Otherwise, how would I know your sort of
playing a doctor or a teacher.
05:39
So we know let’s use teacher as an example,we know the teachers talk in
a certain way and they’re very motherly,and they’re very calm and patient.
05:49
And so all of a sudden if
you’re pretending to be a teacherwhat are some of the first things you do?
You say “Well, I’m going to play a teacher now.
05:55
Hi little Timmy, how are you?
Let’s read books today.”So just acting and talking in
that fashion is you understandingthe cognitive and affective roles
that a teacher has.
06:08
And so you’re bringing contexts,
you’re bringing depth to the role.
06:12
but in order to do the role wellyou need to understand all those
moods, emotions and attitudes.
06:18
Okay so let’s now take a look
at the influence of groups.
06:24
'cause we’re looking at individuals
there in terms of roles and imitation.
06:27
But what impact does the group have?So an individual have a reference group.
06:33
This is a frame of reference for understanding.
06:35
And there’s a different aspects that
the group can bring to the table.
06:37
There's perceptions, cognitions and ideas of self.
06:41
These helps to guide one’s identityby identifying differences in
characteristics, behavior and attitudes.
06:46
Okay, we should know those three.
06:48
The perceptions, cognitions and ideas of
self that’s linked to characteristicsdifferences in characteristics,
behaviors and attitudes.

About the Lecture

The lecture Influence of Social Factors – Formation of Identity (PSY, SOC) by Tarry Ahuja, MD is from the course Self-Identity.

Included Quiz Questions

Which of the following describe the concept that an individuals sense of self is influenced by their interactions and perceptions of the people they have relationships with?

Looking glass self.

Self-identiy.

Peer pressure.

Social identity.

Social behavior.

Mirror neurons help in...

...imitation.

...social behaviorism.

...learning reflexes.

...sense memory.

...long-term memory.

Darcy is a six-year-old who wants to be a police officer and starts acting out what she thinks they do, helping people cross the street, being orderly and following and enforcing the rules. What type of behavior is she demonstrating?

Role-taking

Imitation.

Social behaviorism.

Looking glass self.

Reference of group.

A 10-year-old boy wants to be like his dad and decides to wear his father's clothes and carry what he says is a tool belt. What type of behavior is he demonstrating?

Imitation.

Role taking.

Observational learning.

Goal oriented tasks.

Autonomy vs shame and doubt.

Author of lecture Influence of Social Factors – Formation of Identity (PSY, SOC)

Tarry Ahuja, MD

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