Illuminated manuscripts—texts with highly decorated elements including initials, marginalia, and small illustrations, usually in gold or silver—were at their artistic height during the Middle Ages, from the fifth through the 15th centuries. This folio page from the illuminated Syriac Bible of Paris shows Job lying on a garbage pile, his nearly naked body covered in sores as he turns his gaze toward heaven. Potsherds are scattered at his feet. His wife, seated in the lower right, grieves for his suffering. Job’s three friends offer their support as Job passively accepts his hardship. The Syriac Bible of Paris is thought to have been created in northern Mesopotamia. Syriac is a dialect of ancient Aramaic and remains the liturgical language of Syriac Christianity.

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