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Short Questions Solution – 2071
Principles of Management (POM)
Third Semester | Second year
BSc.CSIT | Tribhuvan University (TU)

Short Questions Solution

a) Write four principles of management.
Four principles of management are;

Division of work

Authority and Responsibility

Span of management

Discipline

b) Point out the four characteristics of the contingency theory.
Four characteristics of the contingency theory are;

Situational approach

Seeks to better approach

Flexible

Contingent on characteristics of the external environment.

c) Define business environment
Everything in and out of business organizations that affect, influence it. Business environment consists of all components of the surroundings of a business organization, which affect or influence its operations and determine its effectiveness.

d) What is planning? List out four types of plan.
planning is an intellectual process, the conscious determination of courses of action, the basis of decisions on purpose, facts, and considered estimates. Any four types of plan are;

Strategic plan

Tactical plan

Operational plan

Flexible plan

e) What do you understand by individual and group decision making?
Individual decision making: The state of decision making by individual for small and simple organization is known as individual decision making.
Group decision making: Group decision making is the process of taking decisions collectively by a group of members. It works for big organizations and appropriate for non-programmed decisions.

f) Define human resource management and list out the components of human resource management.
Human resource management is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting, developing and maintaining an effective workforce. Components of human resource management are;

Acquisition

Development

Utilization

Maintenance

g) Point out the four factors of hygiene factors of Herzberg’s hygiene Theory.
Four hygiene factors of Herzberg’s hygiene theory are as follows;

Company policies and administration

Supervision

Interpersonal relations

Pay and security

h) Mention about conflict resolution
There are four types of conflict resolution technique and they are;

Avoidance : This technique suppress the conflict. It is considered as win-lose strategy.

Diffusion : This technique deactivate the conflict. It is considered as lose-lose strategy.

Containment : Bargaining and interaction strategy is applied to solve the conflict.

Confrontation : In this technique, mutually satisfactory solution is found through face to face meeting of the parties.

i) What is management information system?
Management Information System is a system used to provide management with needed information on a regular basis. Information systems are designed for supplying information to managers in the areas of marketing, finance, production, personnel, materials, logistics, etc.