BLOOMINGBURG, N.Y. — Clifford M. Teich came to this rustic village in the foothills of the Catskills 30 years ago to be a country doctor, an internist who would treat his fellow villagers’ aches and pains, and get to know them as neighbors. He occasionally accepts payment in the form of homegrown onions and tomatoes.

“I wanted to wake up in a small, quiet, quaint village,” said Dr. Teich, 61, who grew up in Westchester County. “People came up here with the intent to live in a place that is rural, not congested, and where everybody knows everybody’s name.”

Now, Dr. Teich and many neighbors are worried that Bloomingburg, which has 400 residents, is about to become a very different place, more like the jostling streets of Brooklyn, more bustling as it becomes populated by Hasidic newcomers. He wants to keep the village what he calls heterogeneous.

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Shalom Lamm at his townhouse development in Bloomingburg.CreditKirsten Luce for The New York Times

“It’s no longer my village,” he said. “It’s a Hasidic village.”

A developer, Shalom Lamm, has been granted the right by village boards to build 396 townhouses that seem likely to be bought up by Hasidim. Mr. Lamm argues that Dr. Teich and others who are resisting the development have no right to decide who gets to live in the village.

“They want to determine the religious and racial profile of every person who moves into land I own,” he said. “Because we live in America, if you determine you don’t like the neighbors, you have a right to move, but if they adhere to the law, you have no right to block them.”

“Substitute ‘black’ for ‘Hasid,’ ” he said, and his opponents would be “horrified” to question his right to sell his townhouses to whomever he wishes.

The controversy took a twist on Thursday when agents with a Federal Bureau of Investigation public corruption squad descended on the village and raided more than 20 properties owned by Mr. Lamm in what opponents of the townhouses said was an investigation into their claims of voter fraud. Mr. Lamm, the opponents have charged, has moved 140 Hasidim into vacant apartments since January in an effort to assure a sympathetic majority on the three-person village board that is up for election on Tuesday. In the last election, just 24 people voted. Mr. Lamm, meanwhile, has gone to court to challenge the petitions of candidates opposed to his development.

Kelly J. Langmesser, a spokesman for the F.B.I., confirmed that the office was “conducting multiple searches in the Bloomingburg area in relation to an ongoing investigation.” In a statement, Joel Cohen, a lawyer for Black Creek Holdings, Mr. Lamm’s company, said “we feel confident when the dust settles they will find no wrongdoing.”

While 93 of the three-bedroom, 2,800-square-foot townhouses are already under construction in a muddy field here, Mr. Lamm, 54, a modern Orthodox Jew who is a son of Norman Lamm, a former president and chancellor of Yeshiva University, insists the development has not yet been marketed and will, come spring, be open to anyone of any faith to buy at between $369,000 and $389,000.

Nevertheless, Hasidim in Brooklyn’s Satmar community have published ads in Yiddish newspapers heralding a new Hasidic community in Bloomingburg with the name Kiryas Yetev Lev, an echo of an incorporated village farther south, Kiryas Joel near Monroe, of 21,350 Hasidim. (Yetev is a Hebrew acronym for Joel Teitelbaum, the grand rabbi who established the Satmar movement in the United States after the ravages of World War II and for whom Kiryas Joel was named.) Given that Hasidic families often have six to eight children or more, the development could more than quadruple Bloomingburg’s population.

Satmar leaders say that Hasidim, who are having difficulty finding vacant affordable apartments in Williamsburg and other Brooklyn neighborhoods, have been craving a satellite community. Mr. Lamm’s complex seems to fit their needs.

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Many residents, including Dr. Clifford M. Teich, oppose the homes.CreditKirsten Luce for The New York Times

In anticipation of the new residents, Mr. Lamm has purchased more than a dozen properties along the one-stoplight village’s streets; his opponents say he has bought up 25 percent of the village. The properties include a financially struggling Methodist church, several retail shops, and small tumbledown apartment houses, which he is upgrading. The shops now feature signs promising a new kosher cafe, a Judaica store and a pediatric clinic. The church and a large warehouse building are slated to become Hasidic schools. One building near the townhouse development is being adapted as a mikveh, a ritual bath used by women after menstrual periods and by men before Sabbath and study.

“If there was overwhelming anecdotal evidence that Buddhists want to move here, I would turn this into a Buddhist temple,” he said of the church. “If the evidence is that Hasidim are interested, why not provide the infrastructure?”

Mr. Lamm said some of his opponents had acted in ways he described as anti-Semitic or, for those opponents who are Jewish, anti-Orthodox. One couple who live next to the development put up a 20-foot wooden cross as a Christmas ornamentation, but it is still there more than 10 weeks later. Mr. Lamm said a dozen protesters had turned up outside Friday night services and hollered profanities at Mr. Lamm, his family and Hasidic worshipers.

Lesleigh Weinstein, who is an opponent of the development and is Jewish, said she “had no problem with that cross” because it was a Christmas symbol. Hyperbolic comments, she said, are “expressions of anger,” no more a generalized stereotype of a group than Mr. Lamm’s accusations of anti-Semitism. His accusations, she said, only stoke anti-Semitism.

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A 20-foot wooden cross installed as a Christmas decoration still stands, more than 10 weeks later, next to the development.CreditKirsten Luce for The New York Times

The charge of anti-Semitism has a particular resonance in the area because Bloomingburg is in the Pine Bush school district, where three Jewish families in 2012 sued the district for tolerating anti-Semitic slurs, jokes about the Holocaust, and swastikas. Holly Roche, a Jewish woman who leads the largest opposition group, Rural Community Coalition, denies that she or other opponents are anti-Hasidic.

“This isn’t about who might be moving in; it’s about size and scope,” she said.

One newly arrived Hasid, Chaim Rosenbaum, a 34-year-old father of six, said in an email that he moved to Bloomingburg in January with a “sense of optimism about starting a new community” and “like any other American, I registered to vote.”

“That act is apparently offensive to some residents of the area, many of whom were jumping for joy seeing the F.B.I. interrogating Chasidic Jews this morning,” he said.

Opponents like Dr. Teich, who is also Jewish, and Ms. Roche have accused Mr. Lamm of “bait-and-switch” tactics. They say he arranged for a local developer to appear before the village board in 2006 as a “frontman” and promise a gated community of 125 luxury homes with a golf course. (The project first needed approval of the village board in 2006 because it required annexation of acreage outside the village.) Then, opponents say, Mr. Lamm revised the plan to 396 townhouses with no golf course before getting final planning board approval in 2010. As a sweetener, Mr. Lamm built the village a $5 million wastewater treatment plant.

Denying deception, Mr. Lamm said he challenged opponents to produce a single piece of paper that promises no more than 125 homes. Opponents have not been able to do so. Nevertheless, Dr. Teich, who as deputy mayor supported annexation, said he was verbally told of 125 units several times by the local developer.