gradiometer

gradiometer

[‚grād·ē′äm·əd·ər]

(engineering)

Any instrument that measures the gradient of some physical quantity, such as certain types of magnetometers which are designed to measure the gradient of magnetic field, or the Eötövs torsion balance and related instruments which measure the gradient of gravitational field.

We used 204 gradiometer signals among the 306 channels for data analysis because the characteristics of the gradiometer and magnetometer sensors differ and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the gradiometers is better than that of the magnetometers [24].

Methods: Magnetocardiographic mapping is performed with a 36-channel unshielded mapping system, based on DC-SQUID sensors coupled to second-order axial gradiometers (pick-up coil 19 mm and 55-70 mm baselines; sensitivity of 20 fT/[square root of Hz] in above 1 Hz), as part of the electrophysiologic investigation protocol, tailored to the diagnostic need of each arrhythmic patient.

Researchers around the world are also pursuing the promise of quantum improvements for other instruments, including gyroscopes used in navigation systems, atomic clocks, and gravity-measuring devices, or gradiometers, that guide oil exploration and geophysical research.

This increased sensitivity may lead to new technologies, such as ultra-sensitive gravity gradiometers for the detection of mineral reserves, as well as important applications to fundamental physics, such as tests of fundamental theories beyond the standard model.

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