"A system of education that fails to nurture memory of the past denies its students a great deal: the satisfactions of mature thought, an attachment to abiding concerns,a perspective on human existence."

Children are born into history. They have no memory of it, yet they find themselves in the middle of a story that began before they became one of its characters. Children also want to have a place in historytheir first historical questions are: "Where did I come from?" and "Was I always here?" These two questions contain the two main meanings of history: It's the story of people and events, and it's the record of times past. And because it's to us that they address these questions, we are in the best position to help prepare our children to achieve the lifelong task of finding their place in history by helping them learn what shaped the world into which they were born. Without information about their history, children don't "get" a lot of what they hear and see around them.

Although parents can be a positive force in helping their children develop an interest in history, they also can undermine their children's attitudes by saying things such as: "History is boring," or "I hated history class when I was in school." Although you can't make your child like history, you can encourage her [ 1 ] to do so, and you can take steps to ensure that she learns to appreciate its value.

To begin, you can develop some of the following "history habits" that show your child that history is important not only as a school subject but in everyday life.

History Habits

Habits are activities that we do on a regular basis. We acquire habits by choosing to make them a part of our life. It's worth the time and effort to develop good habits because they enhance our well-being. The following history habits can enrich your life experiences and those of your child.

Share family history with your child, particularly your own memories of the people and places of your childhood. Encourage your parents and other relatives to talk with your child about family history.

Read with your child about people and events that have made a difference in the world and discuss the readings together. (The list of publications in the Resources section at the end of this booklet can serve as a starting point for choosing materials.)

Help your child know that the people who make history are real people just like her, and that they have ideas and dreams, work hard and experience failure and success. Introduce your child to local community leaders in person if possible and to national and world leaders (both current and those of the past) by means of newspapers, books, TV and the Internet.

Watch TV programs about important historical topics with your family and encourage discussion about the program as you watch. Check out library books on the same topic and learn more about it. See if the books and TV programs agree on significant issues and discuss any differences.

Make globes, maps and encyclopedias (both print and online versions) available to your child and find ways to use them often. You can use a reference to Africa in your child's favorite story as an opportunity to point out the continent on a globe. You can use the red, white and green stripes on a box of spaghetti to help her find Italy on a map and to learn more about its culture by looking it up in the encyclopedia.

Check out from your library or buy a collection of great speeches and other written documents to read with your child from time to time. As you read, pause frequently and try to restate the key points in these documents in language that your child can understand.

Enjoying History With Your Child

As a parent, you can help your child want to learn in a way no one else can. That desire to learn is a key to your child's success, and, of course, enjoyment is an important motivator for learning. As you choose activities to do with your child, remember that helping her to learn history doesn't mean that you can't have a good time. In fact, you can teach your child a lot through play. Here are some things to do to make history both fun and productive for you and your child:

Use conversation to give your child confidence to learn.
Encouraging your child to talk with you about a topic, no matter how off the mark he may seem, lets him know that you take his ideas seriously and value his efforts to learn. The ability to have conversations with your child profoundly affects what and how he learns.

Let your child know it's OK to ask you questions.
If you can't answer all of her questions, that's all rightno one has all the answers. Some of the best answers you can give are, "Good question. How can we find the answer?" and "Let's find out together." Together, you and your child can propose possible answers and then check them by using reference books and the Internet, or by asking someone who is likely to know the correct answers.

Make the most of everyday opportunities.
Take advantage of visits from grandparents to encourage storytelling about their livesWhat was school like for them? What was happening in the country and the world? What games or songs did they like? What were the fads of the day? Who are their heroes? On holidays, talk with your child about why the holiday is observed, who (or what) it honors and how and whether it's observed in places other than the United States. At ball games, talk about the flag and the national anthem and what they mean to the country.

Recognize that children have their own ideas and interests.
By letting your child choose some activities that he wants to do, you let him know that his ideas and interests have value. You can further reinforce this interest by asking your child to teach you what he learns.

How to Use This Booklet

The major portion of this booklet is made up of activities that you can use with your child to strengthen his history knowledge and build strong positive attitudes toward history. And you don't have to be a historian or have a college degree to do them. Your time and interest and the pleasure that you share with your child as part of working together are what matter most. What's far more important than being able to give your child a detailed explanation for the concepts underlying each activity is having the willingness to do the activity with himto read, to ask questions, to searchand to make the learning enjoyable.

In addition to activities, the booklet also includes:

Some information about the basics of history;

Practical suggestions for how to work with teachers and schools to help your child succeed in school; and

A list of resources, such as federal sources of history, helpful Web sites and lists of books for you and for your child.

Please note: In this booklet, we refer to a child as "he" in some places and "she" in others. We do this to make the booklet easier to read. Please understand, however, that every point that we make is the same for boys and girls.