Introduction Thalassaemias are autosomal recessive inherited disorders of haemoglobin, causing structural deficiencies in haemoglobin molecules. As such, they are a type of haemoglobinopathy. Haemoglobinopathies typically present with a microcytic hypochromic anaemia which will NOT respond to iron. In the...

Introduction This was passed in 1983, and amended in 2007. . It is rather long and detailed. It allows for the compulsory admission of those who are mentally ill. In practical circumstances, doctors and...

Introduction There are many causes of a red eye. Below we have outlined the commonest and most important causes. Causes of a red eye: Conjunctivitis Corneal abrasions and ulcers Acute Iritis Scleritis Acute Glaucoma...

ADH (/vasopressin) is synthesised in the hypothalamus. From there it migrates in neurosecretory granules along axonal pathways to the posterior pituitary gland. Secretion of ADH is principally in response to changes in plasma osmolality....

Differential Diagnoses The vomiting child is a very common presentation to general practice and emergency departments. By far the most common cause is an infective (usually viral) gastroenteritis, but it is very important to bear in mind...

Introduction Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics are commonly used for management of hypertension, as well as management of oedema (e.g. in heart failure or liver failure). They are moderately potent diuretics as opposed to very potent diuretics (loop...

Introduction Thyroid nodules are relatively common, and seen in about 5% of the population Only about 5% of thyroid nodules are thyroid cancers Most thyroid cancers are papillary tumours (about 80%) which are relatively benign. Their incidence...