and many more benefits!

GMAT Club Timer Informer

Hi GMATClubber!

Thank you for using the timer!
We noticed you are actually not timing your practice. Click the START button first next time you use the timer.
There are many benefits to timing your practice, including:

A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism. Human
[#permalink]

Show Tags

Updated on: 16 Oct 2017, 05:30

4

7

Question 1

00:00

A

B

C

D

E

based on 614 sessions

74%(03:00) correct 26%(02:51) wrong

HideShow timer Statistics

Question 2

00:00

A

B

C

D

E

based on 594 sessions

83%(00:37) correct 17%(00:55) wrong

HideShow timer Statistics

Question 3

00:00

A

B

C

D

E

based on 590 sessions

61%(01:08) correct 39%(01:25) wrong

HideShow timer Statistics

Question 4

00:00

A

B

C

D

E

based on 589 sessions

58%(01:17) correct 42%(01:18) wrong

HideShow timer Statistics

Question 5

00:00

A

B

C

D

E

based on 550 sessions

91%(00:58) correct 9%(00:59) wrong

HideShow timer Statistics

A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism. Human clones are nothing new; they occur naturally in the recognizable form of identical twins. Not until the successful cloning of a sheep called Dolly, however, has the possibility of intentionally producing an identical copy of a human been considered seriously.

Production of a human clone would most likely utilize the same basic methodology that resulted in Dolly. A human egg would be retrieved from an individual, and its genetic material (DNA) would be removed and replaced with DNA derived from any adult human cell type. This would bypass the need for fertilization of the egg by the sperm in order to obtain a full complement of DNA. In a laboratory dish, the egg would then undergo several cell divisions. Placed into a uterus, the resulting embryo would grow and, with luck, develop until birth.

Although this cloning technique is conceptually and procedurally simple, its success rate has been extremely low. The birth of one Dolly, for instance, required the preparation of 277 re-nucleated eggs, followed by the implantation of 29 resulting best embryos. The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny - it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role. In order for proper fetal development to occur, mature DNA must be coaxed into reverting to its youthful state, a complex process that will be difficult to achieve for the human species.

Beyond the practical difficulties of intentional human cloning, scientists, politicians, and others have raised serious ethical concerns about this practice. For example, there is a chance that the cloning procedure would adversely affect the developing embryo. There also might be deleterious effects on the long-term health of the clone. Proponents of human cloning counter that human sexual reproduction is not a risk-free affair either. Even if human cloning could be made safe, the motivations behind producing human clones do not fall clearly on one side of the ethical divide. While proponents stress potentially appealing motivations - a man and a woman who are both carriers of a genetic disease can use cloning to assure that their child will not be afflicted with the disorder - critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, such as hair/eye color or sexual orientation, for example.

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. dismiss a new scientific method as unethicalB. defend a medical procedure against unwarranted attackC. explain a process and its ramificationsD. describe a hypothesis and its negative consequencesE. analyze the possible outcomes of a new medical approach

A. suggest that human cloning is feasibleB. show that the ethical concerns against cloning are misguidedC. argue that nonhuman cloning is less efficient than human cloningD. establish a basis for an argument against human cloningE. refute a counterargument in favor of human cloning.

3. According to the passage, which of the following is a potential obstacle to human cloning?

A. Lack of adequately prepared human eggsB. Predetermination of DNA function within the adult bodyC. Shortage of funding for additional researchD. Inability to pinpoint specific biological relationships within an eggE. Unpredictability of chemical reactions within the uterus

A. Human cloning is reachable within ten years.B. The cloning of nonhuman animals has always been successful.C. The eggs of nonhuman animals are easier to obtain than human eggs.D. DNA taken from an adult human cell contains DNA from both parents.E. Human DNA is less predictable than nonhuman DNA.

5. Which of the following is NOT given in the passage as a reason not to pursue human cloning?

A. The unknown effects of cloning on adult human clones.B. The potential harm to cloned embryos.C. The chance that cloning will be used to select for only certain socially advantageous characteristics.D. The technical difficulty of obtaining suitable DNA.E. The exorbitant costs associated with the medical procedures used in cloning.

Official Answer and Stats are available only to registered users. Register/Login.

_________________

When everything seems to be going against you, remember that the airplane takes off against the wind, not with it. - Henry FordThe Moment You Think About Giving Up, Think Of The Reason Why You Held On So Long+1 Kudos if you find this post helpful

Originally posted by Skywalker18 on 09 Sep 2016, 00:11.
Last edited by hazelnut on 16 Oct 2017, 05:30, edited 2 times in total.

Show Tags

We can find this information in the last one and difficult to find it.

Even if human cloning could be made safe, the motivations behind producing human clones do not fall clearly on one side of the ethical divide. While proponents stress potentially appealing motivations - a man and a woman who are both carriers of a genetic disease can use cloning to assure that their child will not be afflicted with the disorder - critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, such as hair/eye color or sexual orientation, for example.

Here we can see that Since human clone can be designed as per the parents choice such as hair/eye colour etc..though it is unethical and with this we can say the human clones are from parents and first bold statement itself is sufficient to answer this question.

Re: A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism. Human
[#permalink]

Show Tags

04 Mar 2017, 23:31

Skywalker18 wrote:

4. The passage suggests which of the following?A. Human cloning is reachable within ten years.B. The cloning of nonhuman animals has always been successful.C. The eggs of nonhuman animals are easier to obtain than human eggs.D. DNA taken from an adult human cell contains DNA from both parents.E. Human DNA is less predictable than nonhuman DNA.

Re: A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism. Human
[#permalink]

Show Tags

07 Mar 2017, 00:03

dnalost wrote:

Skywalker18 wrote:

4. The passage suggests which of the following?A. Human cloning is reachable within ten years.B. The cloning of nonhuman animals has always been successful.C. The eggs of nonhuman animals are easier to obtain than human eggs.D. DNA taken from an adult human cell contains DNA from both parents.E. Human DNA is less predictable than nonhuman DNA.

Where is it mentioned that 'DNA taken from an adult human cell contains DNA from both parents'.?

Here -

Quote:

While proponents stress potentially appealing motivations - a man and a woman who are both carriers of a genetic disease can use cloning to assure that their child will not be afflicted with the disorder - critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, such as hair/eye color or sexual orientation, for example.

Re: A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism. Human
[#permalink]

Show Tags

13 Mar 2017, 10:09

3. According to the passage, which of the following is a potential obstacle to human cloning?A. Lack of adequately prepared human eggsB. Predetermination of DNA function within the adult bodyC. Shortage of funding for additional researchD. Inability to pinpoint specific biological relationships within an eggE. Unpredictability of chemical reactions within the uterus

where does the author say that predetermination of DNA function within the adult body

Re: A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism. Human
[#permalink]

Show Tags

12 May 2017, 20:17

2

NaeemHasan wrote:

3. According to the passage, which of the following is a potential obstacle to human cloning?A. Lack of adequately prepared human eggsB. Predetermination of DNA function within the adult bodyC. Shortage of funding for additional researchD. Inability to pinpoint specific biological relationships within an eggE. Unpredictability of chemical reactions within the uterus

where does the author say that predetermination of DNA function within the adult body

Although this cloning technique is conceptually and procedurally simple, its success rate has been extremely low. The birth of one Dolly, for instance, required the preparation of 277 re-nucleated eggs, followed by the implantation of 29 resulting best embryos. The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny - it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role. In order for proper fetal development to occur, mature DNA must be coaxed into reverting to its youthful state, a complex process that will be difficult to achieve for the human species.

A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism. Human
[#permalink]

Show Tags

16 Oct 2017, 05:35

1

Skywalker18 wrote:

A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism. Human clones are nothing new; they occur naturally in the recognizable form of identical twins. Not until the successful cloning of a sheep called Dolly, however, has the possibility of intentionally producing an identical copy of a human been considered seriously.

Production of a human clone would most likely utilize the same basic methodology that resulted in Dolly. A human egg would be retrieved from an individual, and its genetic material (DNA) would be removed and replaced with DNA derived from any adult human cell type. This would bypass the need for fertilization of the egg by the sperm in order to obtain a full complement of DNA. In a laboratory dish, the egg would then undergo several cell divisions. Placed into a uterus, the resulting embryo would grow and, with luck, develop until birth.

Although this cloning technique is conceptually and procedurally simple, its success rate has been extremely low. The birth of one Dolly, for instance, required the preparation of 277 re-nucleated eggs, followed by the implantation of 29 resulting best embryos. The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny - it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role. In order for proper fetal development to occur, mature DNA must be coaxed into reverting to its youthful state, a complex process that will be difficult to achieve for the human species.

Beyond the practical difficulties of intentional human cloning, scientists, politicians, and others have raised serious ethical concerns about this practice. For example, there is a chance that the cloning procedure would adversely affect the developing embryo. There also might be deleterious effects on the long-term health of the clone. Proponents of human cloning counter that human sexual reproduction is not a risk-free affair either. Even if human cloning could be made safe, the motivations behind producing human clones do not fall clearly on one side of the ethical divide. While proponents stress potentially appealing motivations - a man and a woman who are both carriers of a genetic disease can use cloning to assure that their child will not be afflicted with the disorder - critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, such as hair/eye color or sexual orientation, for example.

4. The passage suggests which of the following?

A. Human cloning is reachable within ten years.B. The cloning of nonhuman animals has always been successful.C. The eggs of nonhuman animals are easier to obtain than human eggs.D. DNA taken from an adult human cell contains DNA from both parents.E. Human DNA is less predictable than nonhuman DNA.

The second paragraph states "A human egg would be retrieved from an individual, and its genetic material (DNA) would be removed and replaced with DNA derived from any adult human cell type. THIS would bypass the need for fertilization of the egg by the sperm in order to obtain a full complement of DNA." This implies that the DNA from the adult cell already contains DNA from the egg (mother) and the sperm (father).

(A) The passage does not address anything about the time table for success with human cloning.

(B) The passage directly contradicts this statement by noting, in paragraph three, how difficult it was to clone Dolly. In addition, the word "always" is extreme.

(C) The passage does not imply this; if anything, it implies that the similarity between the two types of egg is part of the reason why the success of cloning Dolly may translate into success with human cloning.

(D) CORRECT. As noted above, the passage implies that an adult cell contains DNA from both parents.

(E) The passage does not imply this; if anything, it implies that the similarity between the two types of DNA is part of the reason why the success of cloning Dolly may translate into success with human cloning.
_________________

"Be challenged at EVERY MOMENT."

“Strength doesn’t come from what you can do. It comes from overcoming the things you once thought you couldn’t.”

"Each stage of the journey is crucial to attaining new heights of knowledge."

Re: A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism. Human
[#permalink]

Show Tags

07 Feb 2018, 11:36

Hi Experts,Can anyone of you please explain solution to Q3?Its an according to... type question. Yet i am unable to understand how exactly is B is the answer. And where is it stated by the author. Please help.

Show Tags

Re: A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism. Human
[#permalink]

Show Tags

31 Jul 2018, 05:48

3. According to the passage, which of the following is a potential obstacle to human cloning?

A. Lack of adequately prepared human eggsB. Predetermination of DNA function within the adult bodyC. Shortage of funding for additional researchD. Inability to pinpoint specific biological relationships within an eggE. Unpredictability of chemical reactions within the uterus

Answer to this question is in these lines : The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny - it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role._________________

Re: A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism. Human
[#permalink]

Show Tags

30 Aug 2018, 22:28

sambit66 wrote:

Hi Experts,Can anyone of you please explain solution to Q3?Its an according to... type question. Yet i am unable to understand how exactly is B is the answer. And where is it stated by the author. Please help.

The third paragraph states "The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny – it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role." This means that human cloning faces difficulties in overcoming the fixed roles of mature DNA.

Quote:

Option B: Predetermination of DNA function within the adult body

CORRECT. "Predetermination" reflects the fixed rolls of DNA found with "mature" or adult cells.

Show Tags

We can find this information in the last one and difficult to find it.

Even if human cloning could be made safe, the motivations behind producing human clones do not fall clearly on one side of the ethical divide. While proponents stress potentially appealing motivations - a man and a woman who are both carriers of a genetic disease can use cloning to assure that their child will not be afflicted with the disorder - critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, such as hair/eye color or sexual orientation, for example.

Here we can see that Since human clone can be designed as per the parents choice such as hair/eye colour etc..though it is unethical and with this we can say the human clones are from parents and first bold statement itself is sufficient to answer this question.

Can you please provide explanation for 3rd question. I am still not clear

It seems people are arriving at option B by reading the last part of para 3 which states that "it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role. In order for proper fetal development to occur, mature DNA must be coaxed into reverting to its youthful state,"

I am not convinced that it is the correct reasoning. The POTENTIAL obstacle to cloning is hidden in para 4 end which states "critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, ". So we can see that is an example of Predetermination of DNA function within the adult body which is mentioned in option B.

Please comment

gmatclubot

A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism. Human &nbs
[#permalink]
03 Sep 2018, 08:00