The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with MySQL server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (2.2) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (7.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 3.5 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

A large performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (2.5) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (13.9) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 5.6 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than DataNucleus with MySQL server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.27) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (11.3) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 41.9 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.017) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.77) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 45.3 times slower than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with MySQL server in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (2.8) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (20.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 7.4 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (2.9) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (52.3) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 18.0 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.016) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.27) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 16.9 times slower than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with MySQL server in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.88) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (5.4) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 6.1 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.64) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (29.6) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 46.2 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.026) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.44) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 16.9 times slower than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with MySQL server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.89) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (6.6) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 7.4 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.41) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (5.1) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 12.4 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using graphs of objects with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.012) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.49) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 40.8 times slower than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with MySQL server in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (2.1) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (9.1) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 4.3 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (2.4) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (30.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 12.6 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.