Three samples of known concentration were tested twenty times on one plate to assess.

Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): CV%<10%

Three samples of known concentration were tested in twenty assays to assess.

Linearity

To assess the linearity of the assay, samples were spiked with high concentrations of mouse COX-2 in various matrices and diluted with the Sample Diluent to produce samples with values within the dynamic range of the assay.

Sample

Serum(n=4)

1:1

Average %

88

Range %

80-92

1:2

Average %

98

Range %

91-105

1:4

Average %

100

Range %

92-110

1:8

Average %

93

Range %

86-98

Recovery

The recovery of mouse COX-2 spiked to levels throughout the range of the assay in various matrices was evaluated. Samples were diluted prior to assay as directed in the Sample Preparation section.

Sample Type

Average % Recovery

Range

Serum (n=5)

96

89-98

EDTA plasma (n=4)

96

90-100

Typical Data

These standard curves are provided for demonstration only. A standard curve should be generated for each set of samples assayed.

Target Data

Function

Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and brain, and in pathological conditions, such as in cancer. PTGS2 is responsible for production of inflammatory prostaglandins. Up-regulation of PTGS2 is also associated with increased cell adhesion, phenotypic changes, resistance to apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis. In cancer cells, PTGS2 is a key step in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays important roles in modulating motility, proliferation and resistance to apoptosis.

Gene References into Functions

These results suggest a crucial role for the COX-2 signaling pathway in the intermittent hypoxia-exacerbated malignant processes, and designate macrophages and lung adenocarcinoma cells, as potential sources of prostaglandin E2. PMID: 28300223

Neuronal SphK1 acetylates COX2 and contributes to pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease patients and in a transgenic mouse model. PMID: 29662056

Results demonstrate that neither the basal nor seizure-induced expression profiles of COX-2 were altered in mice lacking a functional TIA-1 gene suggesting that TIA-1 does not contribute to regulation of COX-2 protein expression in neurons. Induced seizure threshold was also unchanged in mice lacking TIA-1 protein, indicating that this RNA binding protein does not influence the innate seizure threshold. PMID: 29337236

The kidney is the principle site in the body where local COX-2 controls blood flow via PPARbeta/delta-mediated renal vasodilator pathway. PMID: 29295852

COX-2 is an important factor for Dengue virus replication. PMID: 28317866

The COX2-dependent lipid inflammatory pathway is responsible for lethality in F. novicida infection due to overproduction of proinflammatory effectors including prostaglandin E2. PMID: 29109289

Study suggest that amyloid beta-protein increase the expression of TRPC6 via NF-kappaB in BV-2 microglia and promotes the production of COX-2, which induces hippocampus neuron damage. PMID: 28458019

Data show that patients with high cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) gene expression who received celecoxib had a significantly higherpathological complete response (pCR) rate compared with patients with low COX2 gene expression. PMID: 29491076

These data reveal important structure-function and signaling differences between the two FFA4 isoforms, and for the first time link FFA4 to modulation of ROS in macrophages. PMID: 28943238

Our data suggest that there are physiologically important gender differences in hypoxic acclimatization in COX-2-deficient mice. The COX-2 signaling pathway appears to be required for acclimatization in oxygen-limiting environments only in males, whereas female COX-2-deficient mice may be able to access COX-2-independent mechanisms to achieve hypoxic acclimatization. PMID: 28242826

increased COX2 expression has an impact on the aging process PMID: 27750221

Data suggest that induction of Ptgs2 expression in preimplantation uterus may be earliest positive embryo/blastocyst signal for implantation and pregnancy recognition in mice. PMID: 28215431

the bone regeneration capacity of Cox-2KO MDSCs was impaired because of a reduction in cell proliferation and survival capacities, reduction in osteogenic differentiation and a decrease in the ability of the cells to recruit host cells to the injury site. PMID: 27354351

data indicate that excessive adipocyte lipolysis activates the JNK/NFkappaB pathway leading to the up-regulation of COX-2 expression and recruitment of inflammatory macrophages. PMID: 27246851

results suggest that Cox-2 is involved in the pathogenesis of noise-induced hearing loss; and pharmacological inhibition of Cox-2 has considerable therapeutic potential in noise-induced hearing loss. PMID: 26934825

these results not only provide a dataset of protein expression change in FA treatment but also suggest that Cox-2 and lipid droplets (LDs) are potential players in PA- and OA-mediated cellular processes PMID: 26899878

prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as a damage-associated molecular pattern that negatively regulates immune responses. The production of PGE2 is augmented under cell death-inducing conditions via the transcriptional induction of the cyclooxygenase 2 gene and cell-released PGE2 suppresses the expression of genes associated with inflammation, thereby limiting the cell's immunostimulatory activities. PMID: 27001836

DHA and celecoxib diminished the COX-2 and iNOS expression in the cells. This was associated with increased PPARgamma activity, supressed NF-kappaB activity in the nucleus. PMID: 26954392

Glucose-related hyperosmolarity seems to be able to promote angiogenesis and retinopathy through activation of TonEBP and possibly increasing expression of AQP1 and COX-2. PMID: 26822858

COX-2 has a direct role in modulating tumor progression in tumors arising within collagen-dense microenvironments, and suggest that COX-2 may be an effective therapeutic target for women with dense breast tissue and early-stage breast cancer. PMID: 27000374

canolol could inhibit the gastritis-related tumor initiation and progression, and the suppression effect was correlated with the blocking up of canonical COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway and might be regulated by miR-7. PMID: 25781635

These data suggest that the bone loss with continuously infused PTH in mice is due largely to suppression of bone formation and that this suppression is mediated by Cox2. PMID: 25781979

COX2 may be involved in the expression of HSP47 and type IV collagen through the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, accelerating renal interstitial fibrosis. PMID: 24975097

COX2 expression is upregulated in CAVD, and its activity contributes to osteogenic gene induction and valve calcification in vitro and in vivo. PMID: 25722432

In the presence of high HGF, dual inhibition of c-Met and COX-2 may enhance antitumor effects. This combination may have clinical potential in NSCLCs with high HGF/c-Met expression or epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype. PMID: 25057941

new insights into how Cyclooxygenase-2 regulates the activation of the pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and suggest that it may be a new potential therapeutic target in NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases PMID: 25294243

data highlight a crucial role for Cox-2 from cells of mesenchymal lineages in modulating key pathways that control periosteal progenitor cell growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis in fracture repair. PMID: 24988184

High Cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with mammary tumor. PMID: 24590894

The data suggest that local hypertonicity in the medullary thick ascending limb is associated with an increase in COX-2 expression concomitant with elevated EP3 receptor expression, which limits COX-2 activity in this segment of the nephron. PMID: 25080527

upregulation of the COX-2/PGE2 and HGF in macrophages following exposure to apoptotic cells represents a mechanism for mediating the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic consequences of apoptotic cell recognition PMID: 24959005

Upregulation of COX-2 by ET-1 in microvascular endothelial cells is mediated through calcium signaling. PMID: 24287977

Concurrent inhibition of 20-HETE and COX-2 can not only enhance anti-tumor efficacy of coxibs, but also prevent coxib-induced adverse stroke events. PMID: 24990856

CREB-dependent expression of COX-2 for the production of antiadipogenic prostaglandins is critical for the regulation of the early phase of adipogenesis. PMID: 24378735

These results demonstrate a critical interaction of these two lipid metabolism pathways on tumorigenesis and suggest dual inhibition of COX-2 and sEH as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. PMID: 25024195

The results are consistent with the notion that necrotic and fibrotic lesions are able to increase COX-2 expression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). PMID: 23188550

Investigated the roles of COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-6 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune-type recurrent spontaneous abortion. The expression of COX-2 in autoimmune-type recurrent spontaneous abortion was significantly lesser than in normal pregnant models. PMID: 24144034

Cav-1 may be a cofactor in the interaction of Derlin-1 and N-glycosylated COX-2 and may facilitate Derlin-1- and p97 complex-mediated COX-2 ubiquitination, retrotranslocation, and degradation. PMID: 24089527

Netrin-1 regulates the inflammatory response of neutrophils and macrophages through suppression of COX-2-mediated PGE2 production in acute ischemic kidney injury. PMID: 23447066

Up-regulation of COX-2/PGE2 and HGF through a positive-feedback loop may be an important mechanism whereby apoptotic cell instillation exerts the net results of anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antifibrotic action. PMID: 23922381

During brain development COX2 expression is upregulated and glycosylated in an age-dependent manner. PMID: 24005111