anthrax toxin

A toxin consisting of three proteins made by Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax toxin includes protective antigen, which helps lethal and edema factors enter and kill cells by disrupting the normal biochemical functions of the cell membrane.SEE: Bacillus anthracis

bacterial toxin

Any of the toxins produced by bacteria that cause cell damage. They include exotoxins, e.g., those secreted by Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and endotoxins. Endotoxins continue to cause damage even after the bacteria are killed. SEE: bacteria; SEE: endotoxin; SEE: exotoxin

botulinum toxin

botulinus toxin A neurotoxin that is produced by Clostridium botulinum (botulinum), blocks the release of acetylcholine, and is the causative agent of botulism. Seven types of the toxin, labeled A through G, have been identified. The toxin may be used cosmetically to efface skin wrinkles and to treat neurological conditions such as torticollis. SYN: SEE: botulinSEE: botulism

Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin

A two-component protein toxin released by Clostridium botulinum. One part of this binary toxin binds to receptors on the surface of cells, which permits the second component of the toxin to catalyze the destruction of the cytoskeleton.

dysentery toxin

erythrogenic toxin

exfoliative toxin

fusion toxin

A cellular toxin (such as diphtheria toxin), hybridized with a another molecule (such as a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes a target cell). It is used to identify and destroy abnormal cells without harming healthy cells. Fusion toxins are chimeric proteins, made from two unrelated sources.

heat-labile toxin

SEE: Heat-labile enterotoxin.

heat-stable toxin

iota toxin

Either of two disease-causing proteins (Ib and Ia) released by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens. Ia binds to Ib and gains entry into the host cell cytoplasm. Ib subsequently disrupts the actin cytoskeleton and kills the cell.