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Abstract:

An electronic transaction device with a microprocessor generates digital
signals that are converted into at least two tracks of analog signal wave
form and two waveform signals are driven on two analog tracks such that
the two waveform signals cancel each other out and a simulated magnetic
field is generated along a target area located on the transaction device
that can contain a transaction specific data packet readable by a
magnetic stripe read head.

Claims:

1. A method for broadcasting transaction-based information from a
transaction device, comprising: generating digital signals from a
microprocessor; converting said digital signals into at least two tracks
of analog signal wave form; driving a first waveform signal on an analog
track and driving a second waveform on a second analog track such that
said first and second waveform signals cancel each other out, such that a
simulated magnetic field is generated along a target area located on said
transaction device.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the transaction device is comprised of
an electronic card and the target area corresponds to a magnetic stripe
area on a card compliant with a CR80 format.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the first waveform signal is transmitted
along two analog signal lines.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the second waveform signal is
transmitted along a second set of two analog signal lines.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the simulated magnetic field is
generated in response to a swipe through a magnetic stripe reader.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein a magnetic read head reads a transaction
specific data packet from the simulated magnetic field.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the transaction specific data packed is
not generated until after the transaction device is activated from an off
state.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein the transaction specific data packed is
not generated until after the transaction device detects the magnetic
read head.

10. The method of claim 7 comprising the further steps of: activating the
transaction device from an off state to a reduced power mode; detecting
the magnetic stripe reader; activating the transaction device from the
reduced power mode to a full power mode after detection of the magnetic
read head; and generating the simulated magnetic field after the
transaction device is activated to the full power mode.

11. An electronic apparatus, comprising: a microprocessor for generating
digital signals; electronics for converting said digital signals into at
least two tracks of analog signal wave form; and a driver for driving a
first waveform signal on an analog track and driving a second waveform on
a second analog track such that said first and second waveform signals
cancel each other out, such that a simulated magnetic field is generated
along a target area located on said transaction device.

12. The electronic apparatus of claim 11, wherein the electronic
apparatus is comprised of an electronic card and the target area
corresponds to a magnetic stripe area on a card compliant with a CR80
format.

13. The electronic apparatus of claim 11 wherein the first waveform
signal is transmitted along two analog signal lines.

14. The electronic apparatus of claim 13 wherein the second waveform
signal is transmitted along a second set of two analog signal lines.

15. The electronic apparatus of claim 11 wherein the simulated magnetic
field is generated in response to a swipe through a magnetic stripe
reader.

18. The electronic apparatus of claim 17 wherein the transaction specific
data packed is not generated until after the electronic apparatus is
activated from an off state.

19. The electronic apparatus of claim 17 wherein the transaction specific
data packed is not generated until after the electronic apparatus detects
the magnetic read head.

Description:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application is a divisional application of U.S. Ser.
No. 13/448,256, filed Apr. 16, 2012, which was a continuation application
of U.S. Ser. No. 13/102,991, filed May 6, 2011, which is a continuation
of U.S. Ser. No. 12/726,868, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,954,724, which
was a continuation application of U.S. Ser. No. 11/413,595, filed Apr.
27, 2006, which claimed the priority benefit of U.S. Ser. No. 60/675,388,
filed Apr. 27, 2005, all of which are specifically incorporated herein by
reference. This application is also a continuation-in part application of
U.S. Ser. No. 11/391,719, filed Mar. 27, 2006, which claimed the priority
benefit of U.S. Ser. No. 60/594,300 filed Mar. 6, 2005, all of which are
specifically incorporated herein by reference. This application sets
forth the disclosure of U.S. Ser. No. 60/675,388.

BACKGROUND

[0002] A magnetic stripe plastic card contains a magnetic tape material
much like the magnetic tape used in digital data recording. The magnetic
stripe consists of a magnetic oxide, and binder compounds that provide
the magnetic stripe with data encoding and durability capabilities needed
for plastic card applications. While these magnetic tape components have
been optimized for plastic card applications the magnetic tape used for
the magnetic stripe on a plastic card is very similar to standard digital
data recording tape. The encoding of the magnetic stripe on a plastic
card also follows standard digital recording techniques but is again
optimized for plastic card applications. The encoded data takes the form
of zones of magnetization in the magnetic stripe with alternate magnetic
polarities. The north and south poles of the magnetized zones alternate
in direction providing an encoding technique that can represent the
binary "zeroes" and "ones" of a binary digital code. The standard
encoding technique for the magnetic stripe on a plastic card is the F2F
(Aiken double frequency) code where a binary zero is represented by a
long magnetized zone and a binary one is represented by two magnetized
zones each one-half the length of the zero--a long magnetized zone. The
exact length of these zones of magnetization is determined by how much
data needs to be recorded on the magnetic stripe. For example Track 2
data is encoded at 75 bits per inch or 75 long zero zones per
inch--International Standards Organization (ISO) specifications 7811-2/6.
That equates to 0.01333 inches in length for the zero magnetized zone.
The binary one would then be two zones of one half that length or 0.00666
inches in length. Other lengths can be obtained for different data
densities such as the 210 bits per inch used in Track 1 and Track 2 of
the magnetic stripe.

[0003] A magnetic stripe encoder consists of a magnetic write head and an
electronic current drive circuit capable of magnetizing the magnetic
oxide in the magnetic stripe to full magnetization (saturation). The
encoding current in the write head is capable of alternating direction
thereby producing alternating zones of magnetization direction in the
magnetic stripe that will form the data encoding of the magnetic stripe.

[0004] The two most common magnetic oxides used in magnetic stripe cards
are referred to as low coercivity (LoCo) and high coercivity (HiCo)
magnetic stripes. Coercivity measures how difficult it is to magnetize or
demagnetize a magnetic tape or stripe and is measured in oersteds. Low
coercivity magnetic stripes are typically 300 oersteds and high
coercivity magnetic stripes are above 2700 oersteds. A high coercivity
magnetic stripe requires about three times more energy to encode or erase
then does a low coercivity magnetic stripe. Many magnetic stripe card
applications have gone to HiCo magnetic stripes because it is much harder
to accidentally erase the encoded data then on a LoCo magnetic stripe.
This provides greater durability and readability of the encoded data in
use for many applications.

[0005] Reading the encoded data in the magnetic stripe is done by
capturing the magnetic flux field extending from the magnetized zones in
the magnetic stripe by a magnetic read head. The read head converts the
changing magnetic flux in the coil of the read head to a voltage pattern
mirroring the magnetization zones of the encoded data. The voltage
pattern can then be translated by the decoding electronics into the
binary zeroes and ones of the data as is well known in the industry.

[0006] The process of magnetic tape application to plastic cards, the
encoding of the magnetic stripe and the reading of the encoded data in
the magnetic stripe at point of use has been a reliable and cost
effective method for portable personal data storage for financial, ID and
other plastic card based applications. However, the relative ease of
reading and encoding or re-encoding of the magnetic stripe data has made
the magnetic stripe plastic card subject to counterfeiting, copying the
data to one or more cards (skimming) and other fraud abuses. Skimming
fraud is growing around the world and has reached financial dollar losses
that call for immediate solutions.

[0007] Smart plastic cards using memory chips and microprocessor chips
were first introduced to provide another type of data storage medium not
subject to the types of fraud found in magnetic stripe cards. The Smart
Cards did reduce some types of fraud but the cards where much more
expensive than a magnetic stripe card and the magnetic stripe readers at
the point-of-transaction had to be replaced with readers that could read
the data storage chip and the magnetic stripe by either contact or RF
contact-less data transmission. These cost factors and the large changes
in the existing infrastructure built up around the magnetic stripe
plastic card systems and applications have prevented the rapid and more
general acceptance of Smart Cards at point-of-transaction. Another factor
in the slow acceptance of Smart Cards has been the lack of visible
benefits to the end user or consumer. The consumer is just as content to
use the magnetic stripe as to use the chip to complete a transaction.

[0008] The need for fraud reduction with a versatile and inexpensively
manufactured transaction card is urgent. In the US fraud is tending to
cover from 7.5 to 12 basis points, and skimming is projected to cost $8
billion dollars in 2005. Internationally, the need is even more dire,
with fraud tending from 25 to 40 basis points and 60 percent of that due
to skimming. Nevertheless, merchants in the United States and elsewhere
are reluctant to invest the resources necessary to change all of their
current magnetic-card transaction equipment for various reasons,
including cost, convenience, disruption to business and reliability.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present invention is generally directed to an apparatus and
method in which an electronic transaction device with a microprocessor
generates digital signals that are converted into at least two tracks of
analog signal wave form and two waveform signals are driven on two analog
tracks such that the two waveform signals cancel each other out and a
simulated magnetic field is generated along a target area located on the
transaction device that can contain a transaction specific data packet
readable by a magnetic stripe read head.

[0010] The electronic device can be an electronic card with a target area
that corresponds to a magnetic stripe area on a card compliant with a
CR80 format. The two waveforms can be transmitted along two sets of two
analog signal lines. The simulated magnetic field can be generated in
response to a swipe through a magnetic stripe reader and the transaction
specific data packet can contain a dynamically generated data packet that
is generated after the device is activated to a full power mode upon
detection of a magnetic stripe read head.

[0011] Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to
provide a method and apparatus for conveying a transaction specific
magnetic stripe data packet that is read by a magnetic card reader during
a swipe of the electronic apparatus.

[0012] This and further objects and advantages will be apparent to those
skilled in the art in connection with the drawings and the detailed
description of the invention set forth below.

[0030] FIG. 16 illustrates the first layer top for the cover portion or
layer of a first embodiment.

[0031] FIG. 17 illustrates the bottom layer of the cover portion of the
inventive transaction card in a first embodiment.

[0032] FIGS. 18A and B shows the processor placement from front and side
views respectively.

[0033] FIG. 19A illustrates an outline of the processor configuration, in
a first embodiment from a front view and FIG. 19B illustrates the reverse
view of the processor configuration wirebonding assembly.

[0034] FIG. 20A illustrates a sample details and pins of the
microprocessor in a first embodiment.

[0035] FIG. 20B illustrates the details of the pins for wirebonding
assembly in a first embodiment.

[0036] FIGS. 21A-D illustrate the broadcasting coil core in a first
embodiment from four views.

[0037] FIGS. 22 A-C illustrate the broadcasting core assembly in a first
embodiment, from three views.

[0038] FIG. 22D illustrates details of the broadcasting core in a first
embodiment.

[0039] FIGS. 23A-C illustrates details for the proper broadcasting core
winding in a first embodiment.

[0040] FIGS. 24A-C illustrate the front, rear and side of the stack
assembly for use in the second embodiment.

[0041] FIGS. 25A and B illustrate a sheet of printed circuit boards from
front and side views, respectively.

[0042] FIG. 26 shows the mask for the top layer of the PCB for the second
embodiment.

[0043] FIG. 27 shows the top layer of the PCB for the second embodiment.

[0044]FIG. 28 shows the bottom layer of the PCB for the second
embodiment.

[0045] FIG. 29 shows the mask for the bottom layer of the PCB for the
second embodiment.

[0046] FIGS. 30A and B show the sheet of the stiffener for the second
embodiment of the transaction card, from front and side views,
respectively.

[0047] FIG. 31 illustrates the top of the stiffener layer for the second
embodiment.

[0048]FIG. 32 illustrates the bottom of the stiffener for the second
embodiment.

[0049] FIG. 33 illustrates the top layer of the cover for the second
embodiment.

[0050] FIG. 34 illustrates the bottom layer of the cover for the second
embodiment.

[0051] FIG. 35 illustrates the details of a sample 8 or 10-bit
microcontroller as it may be implemented in the second embodiment of the
invention.

[0052]FIG. 36 shows a smart card processor as it may be implemented in
the second embodiment.

[0053]FIG. 37 illustrates a sample charge pump as it may be implemented
in the second embodiment.

[0054] FIG. 38 illustrates three sample features of the second embodiment.

[0055] FIG. 39A illustrates the printed circuit board layout in a second
embodiment of the invention.

[0069]FIG. 50A illustrates an alternate embodiment of a printed circuit
board, in which the features illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 are
integrated.

[0070] FIG. 50B shows the PCB layout in the alternate embodiment.

[0071] FIG. 51 illustrates the mask of the top layer of the PCB layer in
the sample alternate embodiment.

[0072] FIG. 52 illustrates the top layer of the PCB in the sample
alternate embodiment.

[0073] FIG. 53 illustrates the bottom layer of the PCB layer in the sample
alternate embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0074] Electronic card technology in the present invention is in the form
of an electronic Smart Card (inventive transaction card) that can be used
in any standard magnetic stripe readers. The inventive transaction card
has all of the major characteristics and components of a plastic card
with the addition of being able to communicate the information stored in
chip's memory from the inventive transaction card to a standard magnetic
stripe reader by broadcasting the data from a special broadcast antenna
coil. The inventive transaction card contains an internal power source in
the form of a battery and power management system to provide power to the
chip and antenna broadcast system plus other security and user interface
functions.

[0075] The addition of a power source internal to the card provides many
unique electronic components and functions previously not available to
passive magnetic stripe or standard Smart Cards. These new electronic
functions can take the form of powered or passive electronic components
and interactive or secure software programs. These powered and passive
electronic components and the associated firmware/software provide the
card with new applications, much greater security from magnetic stripe
and ID theft fraud while providing direct user benefits that will give
the user reasons and motivation to accept and use this inventive
transaction card.

[0076] The use of a powered antenna broadcast system in the inventive
transaction card overcomes one of the major problems in the adaptation of
Smart Cards. The antenna broadcast system allows the inventive
transaction card to directly transmit the data from the card into a
standard magnetic stripe terminal's read head without modification to the
standard magnetic stripe terminal. This means that all of the existing
point-of-transaction terminals existing in user locations would be able
to read the data from an inventive transaction card. The inventive
transaction card provides immediate access to greater security, control
and user benefits to a large population of users.

[0077] The range of solutions provided by the Applicant's integrated
solutions for the electronic transaction industry range from simple
"anti-skimming" solutions in the "dark card" most basic commercial
embodiments to fairly complex identity and anti-theft solutions with
add-on PINS. However, the cost-effectiveness of all of the claimed
inventions remains high in the prevention of fraud. In particular
embodiments of the invention "add-on" features are present and perform
addition security and/or transaction features, which will be described
below.

[0079] All the electronic components of the inventive transaction card,
namely the two microprocessors (M1 and M2), the display, keypad, display
driver, flex encoder, transaction sensor, functional switches, ON/OFF
switch, and battery contacts with battery cell are fabricated on a
flexible multi-layered printed circuit board. The flexible printed
circuit board with all of the loaded components is embedded into a
carrier with a front and a back cover film.

[0080] The inventive transaction card uses a dual microprocessor
architecture (herein referred to as M1 and M2), in which M1 handles
certain functions related to the generation of security codes to handle
triple DES and the proprietary DAC algorithm. M2, a 16-bit processor,
handles card operation functions such as power management, device
management, display and user input. The dual processor architecture is
advantageous over the single processor for reasons that are only
tangentially related to this study. However, it should be noted that the
processors do not have overlapping functions and cannot be viewed as a
multiplicity of the same component. Most aspects regarding the functions
of M1 are not relevant for this analysis other than the existence of a
microprocessor that generates security information that is not directly
connected to the M2 non-secure I/O ports. Some of the processes performed
in the M1 processor are detailed in the publicly available intellectual
property literature of the Applicant, which is incorporated by reference
below.

[0081] M2 and M1 communicate with each other through a serial bus
structure and communication protocol, the specifics of which are not
relevant to this study. M2 includes an adapted 16-bit microprocessor
comprising a Central Processing Unit (CPU), with a ROM, a RAM, a 16-bit
parallel input port and a 16-bit parallel output port. M2 receives inputs
through Input from a bank of switches. M2 also receives inputs from a
keypad. M2 emanates control signals from output through a display driver
and display. M2 also generates transaction signals.

[0082] Referring now to FIG. 1B, details of the structural functions of
the various layers are illustrated. Card graphics printing CGP is
typically by offset litho or silkscreen printing with issuer graphics and
cardholder personal data on the surface of the second PVC layer of card.
The white PVC front layer PFL can accept card graphics printing CGP and
provides opacity to the cards inner layers. The clear PVC outer layer CPL
protects the rear printed and inner layers ranging in thickness from
0.001 to 0.005 inches with a signature panel (not shown) and other
surface features. The clear PVC outer layer CPL protects the printed
front and inner layers ranging in thickness from 0.001 inches to 0.005
inches with the chip pad I/O contact points and other standard card
surface features such as surface printing, holograms and signature
panels.

[0083] FIG. 1B further illustrates a sample embodiment of the invention
with many of the features that would be implemented in various commercial
embodiments. The AL Adhesive layer tailored to bond the PVC printed layer
PVL to the inner electronic circuit layer ICL. The adhesive layer can be
thermally activated during lamination or cured/activated by UV or other
radiation techniques. The next layer PFL is made up of a white PVC
material suitable for being printed on by litho, screen presses or other
printing process CGP. The printing CGP contains the bank graphics and
other issuer related information common to all cards from that issuance.
This layer with the printed inks is sufficiently opaque enough to block
the inner electronics from being visible.

[0084] The adhesive layer AL is designed to provide adhesion between the
PVC layers and the adapter circuit and electronic components (not shown)
mounted on the circuit layer. The adhesive layer AL may be applied using
several standard techniques to the printed PVC layer PVL or to the
circuit layer ECL or to both layers. The adhesive can be activated by
either UV curing or thermal activation during lamination or both. The
adhesion layer AL provides for durability of card and seals the card from
penetration of moisture and other environmental factors.

[0085] The rear adhesive layer RAL, rear PVC printed layer RPVL and the
PVC protective overlay layer POL all perform the same functions as their
equivalent front layers described above.

[0086] The electronic circuit layer ECL contains a base material to
support all the electronic components and their interconnected wiring.
The interconnected wiring (not shown) is achieved using standard etched
and plated circuit board techniques. The electronic components of the
transaction card C are determined by the functions and applications of
the card.

[0087] The outer layer of the transaction card in most commercial
embodiments is a standard clear PVC layer used in most plastic card
construction and ranges in thickness from 0.001 to 0.005 inches in
thickness. It provides physical protection to the printed graphics on the
next PVC layer as well as provides a PVC surface compatible with surface
features added to plastic cards such as holograms, ink jet or dye
diffusion surface printing. This layer is typically identical to the rear
clear layer RCL that serves most of the same functions as outer layer.

[0088] The electronic circuit layer ECL comprises an adapter circuit (not
shown) that may be in the form of a flex or fixed circuit, with
electronic components, switches, microprocessor chip, keypads, magnetic
stripe coil broadcaster and battery, mounted on the flex circuit. The
adapter circuit is discussed in FIGS. 41-49 below. The adhesive layer AL
is tailored to bond the PVC printed layer PVL to the inner electronic
circuit layer ECL. The white PVC rear layer RPRL is printed one side with
issuer graphics and cardholder personal data and provides opacity to the
rear side of the card.

[0089] Referring now to FIG. 1C, features of particular embodiments of the
transaction card C include the "Smart Card" data input/output area SCI/O,
the microprocessor M1/M2, the user interface area UIA, the indicator
light area IL, the magnetic stripe broadcaster area BS and the battery
power management area BT-PMS. The Smart Card input/output data area
consists of the ISO standard input/output plate SCI/O that allows the
transaction card to work with standard Smart Card equipped terminals. The
plate meets ISO standards, which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The microprocessor area contains the microprocessor M1 or M2 and
associated input/output electronic components (not shown) needed to
interact with the other major components of the transaction card C. The
microprocessor M1 or M2 contains the processor, random access memory
(RAM, not shown) and electrical erasable program read only memory
(EEPROM, now shown). The microprocessor M1 or M2 contains the following
software to interrupt the input information; operating systems software;
card holder for personal data (account numbers, personal identification
numbers, other banking or application user specific data); security
operation systems software; and magnetic stripe broadcaster data
formatting for various accounts and power management software. The
ability of the microprocessor M1 or M2 to manage multiple inputs/outputs
from standard Smart Card interface plates SCI/O, customer and user manual
input switches UTA, user indicator lights IL, battery power BT and
magnetic stripe broadcaster outputs BS provides the transaction card with
interactive existing and future point-of-transaction terminal
accessibility not found in any other plastic card. The user interface
area consists of tactile switch buttons UIA (1-4) that enable the user to
manually turn the Enabled Card on or off and choose different functions
of the transaction card C and indicator lights IL (1-5) providing
operational indications to the user. Using the manual input switch
buttons UIA (1-4) the user can power on the card, to select different
banking account or application functions such as credit account, debit
account or rewards points program account. The indicator lights show IL
(1-4) what transaction card functions have been selected and if power 12e
has been turned on or off, or if there has been an error in operation in
the Enabled Card. The magnetic stripe broadcaster area BS contains the
output sections of the microprocessor power driver circuits (not shown)
as well as the magnetic stripe terminal activation switches 13b-13c and
broadcaster coils for Tracks 1 T1 and Tracks 2 12. In addition to the
broadcaster coils for Tracks 1 and Track 2, the broadcaster area contains
a Track 1 Helper coil T1' and a Track 2 Helper coil T2' that reduce the
interactions of the broadcast magnetic fields from Track 2 into Track 1
coils and the broadcast magnetic field from Track 1 into Track 2 coils.
The battery power area contains the thin (less than 0.020 inches thick)
polymer 3-volt battery BT and power management system PMS.

[0091] User interface section UIA with combination of tactile buttons
UIA(1-4) provides user with the ability to select various functions and
applications that have been programmed into the microprocessor M1 or M2.

[0092] UIA(1) Tactile manual input button can turn on or off power to
Enabled Card; UIA(2) Tactile manual input button selects the first
application program--A1 (for example a bank credit application); UIA(3)
Tactile manual input button selects the second application program--A2
(for example a bank debit application); and UIA(4) Tactile manual input
button selects the third application program--A3 (for example a bank or
merchant points or reward program). IL User interface feedback section
contains LED lights or other forms of illumination that will provide the
user with an indication of the configuration and status of the
transaction card C.

[0093] IL(1) User indication red LED light indicates when power to the
microprocessor has been turned of or that an error in the setup or
operations has occurred. IL(2) User indication green LED light indicates
when power to the microprocessor has been turned on. IL(3) User
indication LED light indicates that the first application program (A1)
has been selected (for example a bank credit application). IL(4) User
indication LED light indicates that the second application program (A2)
has been selected (for example a bank debit application). IL(5) User
indication LED light indicates that the third application program (A3)
has been selected (for example a bank or merchant points--rewards
program).

[0094] BS Magnetic stripe broadcaster module contains the magnetic stripe
broadcaster Track 1 T1 and Track 2 T2 coils, the Track 1 T1' and Track 2
T2' Helper coils, the leading and trailing magnetic stripe trip switches
and adapter circuit for mounting coils and interconnected wiring (not
shown). Magnetic stripe broadcaster driver and pulse shape circuits form
the coil magnetic stripe broadcaster driver voltages and currents supply.
SEN1 Magnet trip switch at lead edge of stripe (right edge of stripe when
facing side of card that would contain a magnetic stripe) consist of a
high energy magnetic housed within the Enabled Card. The magnetic trip
switch is activated by the attraction of the magnet to the magnetic read
head ferrite core of a point-of-transaction terminal. SEN2 Magnetic trip
switch at the trailing edge of the stripe (left edge of stripe) has the
same configuration and purpose as the lead edge magnet trip switch in
13b.

[0095] This magnet trip switch is activated when the Enabled Card is
swiped in a point-of transaction terminal in the reverse direction
(trailing edge first).

[0096] T2 Track 2 magnetic stripe broadcaster coil broadcasts the Track 2
data from the microprocessor to the Track 2 read head in the
point-of-transaction terminal. The magnetic stripe broadcaster coil
consists of special would coils and ferromagnetic cores for flux
amplification and control. T1 Track 1 magnetic stripe broadcaster coil
broadcasts the Track 1 data from the microprocessor to the Track 1 read
head in the point-of-transaction magnetic terminal. The Track 1 magnetic
stripe broadcaster coil consists of a special would coil and
ferromagnetic core for flux amplification and control.

[0097] T2' Track 2 Helper broadcaster coil is used to cancel out the Track
1 induced signal from the Track 2 broadcast coil. Phase and amplitude
corrections are used to cancel out the Track 2 data picked up in Track 1.
The Track 2 Helper coil is located above the Track 1 magnetic stripe
broadcaster coil. T1' Track 1 Helper broadcaster coil is used to cancel
out the Track 2 induced signal from the Track 1 broadcast coil. Phase and
amplitude corrections are used to cancel out the Track 1 data picked up
in Track 2. The Track 1 Helper coil is located below the Track 2 magnetic
stripe broadcaster coil.

[0098] BT Special design polymer solid-state battery under 0.020 inches
thick that provides stand alone 3 volts of power for operations of
Enabled Card, independent of any terminal connections. PMC Power
management circuits controls the amount of power sent to the various
components of the transaction card C.

[0099] In particular embodiments the invention, the broadcasting card C,
1, 10, 51 is designed to function in an existing magnetic stripe
point-of-transaction terminal environment (not shown). In this existing
point-of-transaction infrastructure the magnetic stripe provides the
access to the stored information on the card through the use of the
microprocessor, battery power and circuit elements on the RC adapter
circuit RCAC internal to the inventive Card. The Enabled Card provides
the access to the stored information on the card by an electronic
broadcaster system BS that produces a time varying magnetic field similar
to the spatial/time varying magnetic field from the standard magnetic
stripe. The electronic broadcaster unit produces a time varying and
spatial varying magnetic field that is interpreted by the magnetic read
head in the point-of-transaction terminal as originating from a standard
magnetic stripe. The time varying magnetic field from the electronic
broadcaster unit in the card magnetically induces in the
point-of-transaction read head a time varying voltage signal nearly
identical to the time varying voltage produced by the encoded magnetic
field from the magnetic stripe card. The point-of-transaction terminal
decodes electronics and can process this time varying voltage from the
electronic broadcaster in the same way it processes the signals from a
magnetic stripe and thereby decode the data stored in the Enabled Card
using standard decoding procedures and plastic card specifications (ISO
7811-2/6). This allows the Enabled Card to be used in any
point-of-transaction terminal without modification to the terminal or the
network connected to the terminal. This gives the Enabled Card a much
broader base of use and allows the applications to have a much lower
implementation cost.

[0100] Sample finished commercial products may include the present
invention are shown in FIGS. 2A(F)-D(R), from front and rear views,
respectively. As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, there
also may be design aspects of this card that are can be protected as
well.

[0101] The present invention uses many of the important security and
transactions feature currently invented and assigned to the applicant.
For the sake of economy, the following US patents and published patent
applications are incorporated by reference for all purposes:

[0102] Additionally, the present invention is not limited to the standard
financial (merchandise and cash) transactions, but is also applicable to
pseudo-cash transactions (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,913,203 issued to the
Applicant, and incorporated by reference.), cash back or reward programs
(see U.S. Pat. No. 5,937,394 and incorporated by reference.).

[0103] Other electronic features also currently owned by the Applicant are
hereby incorporated by reference and include U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,755,341 to
Wong et al. (Lo Battery Indicator), 6,607,127 to Wong, (Magnetic Stripe
Bridge).

[0104] Referring to FIG. 3, a functional "layer" diagram of the first
embodiment of the inventive transaction card 1 is shown. The layers are
simplified for illustrative purposes in FIG. 3 and are not nearly shown
to the scale and geometry that would be present in a commercial
embodiment. A main PCB assembly 237 that comprises the components of the
inventive transaction card 1 includes component layers: a finished stack
assembly 254, a die carrier subassembly 256, a cover layer 233, and
broadcaster core 178 disposed in the body of the assembly 1. The finished
stack assembly 254 is also comprised of two sub-layers the PCB layout
layer 218 and the stiffener layer 226.

[0105] FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the components of the main assembly
body 237 of the transaction card in a first embodiment 1.

[0106] The following table may be used with reference to FIG. 4 and FIGS.
7-231 to identify various features, components and configurations for the
first illustrative embodiment of the invention.

[0107] A sample listing of component parts is listed for the first
embodiment 1 in Appendix A of U.S. Ser. No. 60/675,388, which is
incorporated by reference herein.

[0108] Referring now to FIG. 5, a second embodiment of the invention in
the form of an inventive multi-standard transaction card 10 is
illustrated in a "layer" diagram as well. Like the first embodiment 1
discussed in FIGS. 3 and 4, the "layers" are simplified in terms of
dimension and geometry. A main assembly 253, includes a finished stack up
assembly 255, cover layer(s) 260, and broadcaster core 242 disposed in
the body of the cover layer 260. Alternately the core 242 may be disposed
in the body of another layer.

[0109] FIG. 6 is a detailed view of the main assembly 253 of the second
embodiment of the transaction card 10. The following table may be used
with reference to FIG. 6 and FIGS. 24-39 to identify various features,
components and configurations for the second illustrative embodiment of
the invention.

A sample listing of component parts is listed for the second embodiment
10 in Appendix B of U.S. Ser. No. 60/675,388, which is incorporated by
reference herein.

[0110] Regarding many of the embodiments in general, FIGS. 4 and 6 show
the various layers of the transaction cards 1, 10 from a front/top view.
The dimensions of the electronic Smart Card are 3.375 inches wide by
2.125 high by 0.003 inches thick, which are the standard dimensions of a
plastic transaction card--ISO 7813. The use of standard dimensions for
the Enabled Card allows it to be used in all existing
point-of-transaction magnetic stripe terminals and in all card issuing
and personalization equipment. This critical achievement of meeting
standard dimensional specifications of standard magnetic stripe cards is
due in part to the unique components, construction techniques and
procedures of the Enabled Card.

[0111] Referring now to FIGS. 7A-7C, the stack assembly 254 for the first
embodiment of the inventive card 1 is shown from the front, rear and side
views respectively. The stack assembly 254 generally includes two
sublayers, the PCB layout 218 and the stiffener layer 226, each of which
will be discussed individually in more detail below. FIG. 7C is a
simplified illustration of the assembly of the two sublayers 218 and 226,
which "sandwiches a prepreg PP layer-type adhesive in between the two
sublayers 218 and 226. This is layer is made with Laminate FR4 stiffener
to PCB on the primary side with prepreg material PP. In order to
compensate prepreg PP, it is advantageous to avoid run off adhesive into
open cavities areas. Bowing of PCB on open cavity areas of the stiffener
is not allowed. PCB must be flat after lamination of stiffener to PCB.

[0112] FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate the properties of the PCB layout 218 of
the first embodiment and illustrate the printed circuit board
configurations from a top and side views, respectively. In order to make
the PCB layer 218 in the present invention, the following steps are
performed: the boards are fabricated in accordance with IPC-A-600, class
2 and all other IPC applicable specs unless other specified; the board
material is in accordance with IPC-4101/24 or 25 (Tg >150C) and the
color is natural yellow. The board process is SMOBC/HSAL, the standards
of which are hereby incorporated by reference. The mask is applied in
accordance with IPC-SM-840 type B, class 2, the standard of which is
incorporated herein by reference. The mask 218-L1-M should be probimer or
equivalent LPU. The color should be green. The thickness is 0.0001 min.
0.001 max. The finish should be plating shall be 35u'' to 40u'' of soft
gold top and bottom with over approximately 100u'' and 150u'' of nickel.
The date code, vendor id and UL stamp are to be placed on a secondary
side. In addition, tolerances require an etch that is +/-0.002 from
design, so the artwork must be compensated to achieve nominal dims. 0.010
line min/0.007 space min. flatness/warp shall not exceed 0.007 inch/inch
max.

[0113] FIGS. 9-12 illustrate four sample layers of the PCB layer 218. The
PCB layer 1 mask 218-L1-M is shown in FIG. 9 and the process of applying
the mask is described above in FIG. 8A-B. FIG. 10 is the top of the first
layer of the PCB layer 218-L1. FIG. 11 illustrates the bottom layer of
the PCB 218-L2 for the first embodiment, and FIG. 12 illustrates a sample
mask for the bottom layer of the PCB 218-L2-M.

[0114] FIGS. 13A-15 illustrate the stiffening layer 226, for a first
embodiment of the invention 1. FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate the outline
and sample dimensions of the plated stiffener. This stiffener 226 is
created by performing the following steps: the boards are fabricated in
accordance with IPC-A-600, class 2 and all other IPC applicable specs
unless other specified, (the standards which are hereby incorporated by
reference herein); the board material is in accordance with IPC-4101/24
or 25 (Tg >150 C) and the color is natural yellow. The finish is
100u'' and 150u'' max of nickel over copper. FIG. 13B illustrates that
FR4 material FR4M is placed between 2 parts 226-P and 226-B of the
stiffener layer 226.

[0115] FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate the top or primary 226-P and bottom or
secondary 226-B layers of the stiffener layer 226 for a first embodiment
of the card 1.

[0116] FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate two distinct layers of the cover layer
233 for the first embodiment. FIG. 16 is a top layer 233-P, which clearly
shows the distinctive features of the first embodiment of the card 1 as
shown in FIG. 4 (as well as FIGS. 1B and 1C). FIG. 17 illustrates the
bottom layer 233-R of the cover layer 233.

[0117] FIGS. 18A and B illustrates the PCB die layout 234 from a front and
side view, respectively. The boards are fabricated in accordance with
IPC-A-600, class 2 and all other IPC applicable specs unless other
specified. The board material is in accordance with IPC-4101/24 or 25 (Tg
>150 C) and the color is natural yellow. The board process is
SMOBC/HSAL. The finish requires that plating shall be 35u'' to 40u'' of
soft gold top and bottom; ver approximately 100u'' and 150u'' of nickel.
The date code, vendor id and UL stamp are placed on a secondary side.

[0118] FIG. 19A illustrates the front of the die assembly 234-F/U1 as it
may be implemented in the first embodiment 1. The specific functional and
electrical aspects of the microprocessor U1 in the first embodiment are
discussed below in FIGS. 43A-B et seq. FIG. 19B illustrates the rear
wiring of the microprocessor U1.

[0119] FIG. 20A illustrates the wire bond diagram from the die assembly
256 for the primary processor U1 for the first embodiment. FIG. 20B
illustrates the wire assembly from a rear view. In a preferred
embodiment, the processor is a Microchip 10-bit microcontroller model
18F4520, the specifications of which are included in Appendix D of U.S.
Ser. No. 60/675,388, and are hereby incorporated by reference. As can be
appreciated by those skilled in the art, other microprocessors could
serve as a replacement for the model used in the first embodiment.
However, considerations of manufacturing and commercial practicality
should inform the choice.

[0120] Referring now to FIGS. 21A-23, a broadcaster coil assembly 178 for
the first embodiment is shown. The material for the broadcaster coil
assembly 178 is specifically designed for the facilitation the magnetic
flux broadcast, and is made of a Carted, HYMU 80 CORE 109. FIGS. 21A-D
illustrate four different views of the coil 178.

[0121] In preparing the coil 178 for assembly, it is important that the
sharp edges be sanded and that the core winding 109 of the type as shown
in FIGS. 22A-C are used. A sleeving type of stock number 10-1004-OOA is
preferable and the sleeving length is 3.05+/-0.003. A heat-shrinkable
sleeving is to be added to the core 178 prior to winding. The resistance
of the 36.6+/-0.5 Ohms is preferable for the first embodiment and
inductance is 7.9+/-10% mH. There should not be any short between the
winding 109 and the core 178. The end of the coils 178E-178E' are to be
tacked into place with instant adhesive (not shown).

[0122] FIG. 23 illustrates the proper winding for the core material 109.
The core should be wound with a right hand sense. In a preferred
configuration of the first embodiment 44 wire gauge is used, turned 685
times with a 0.0035 pitch. As can be appreciated, the core should be free
of defects. The wire is preferably MWS INDUSTRIES NEMA MW80-C 40QPN-155
NATURAL N/A MAGNET WIRE, 40 GA, 3 NR N/A 10-1003-OOA Advanced Polymers
P/N:080050CST N/A The SLEEVING MATERIAL is φ. 080.

[0123] Now returning to the second embodiment 10 of the inventive
transaction card, and the components that comprise it, FIGS. 24A-C
illustrate the stack assembly 255 for the second embodiment, from front,
rear and side views, respectively. Like the stack assembly in the first
embodiment, discussed in FIGS. 7A-C, this is layer is made with Laminate
FR4 stiffener to PCB on primary side with prepreg material PP. Compensate
prepreg PP to avoid run off of adhesive into open cavities areas. Bowing
of PCB on open cavity areas of the stiffener is not allowed. PCB must be
flat after lamination of stiffener to PCB.

[0124] FIGS. 25A and B illustrate how the printed circuit board components
250 may be manufactured in a "sheet" of six, 250(1-6) in order to
facilitate efficient manufacturing of the cards, which must be
cost-effectively built. Other numbers of components per sheet may also be
used depending on the needs of the end-user, but six is used in a
preferred embodiment. In order to make the, PCB layer 250 for the second
embodiment, the following steps are performed: fabricate boards in
accordance with IPC-A-600, class 2 and all other IPC applicable specs
unless other specified; the board material is in accordance with
IPC-4101/24 or 25 (Tg >150 C) color is Natural yellow. The board
process is SMOBC/HSAL, the standards of which are hereby incorporated by
reference. Apply mask in accordance with IPC-SM-840 type B, class 2, the
standard of which is incorporated herein by reference. Mask 218-Li-M to
be probimer or equivalent LPU. Color to be green. Thickness 0.0001 min,
0.001 max; finish: plating shall be 35u'' to 40u'' of soft gold top and
bottom; Over approximately 100u'' and 150u'' of nickel; date code, vendor
id and UL stamp to be placed on secondary side. In addition, tolerances
require an etch that is +/-0.002 from design, compensate artwork to
achieve nominal dims. 0.010 line min/0.005 space min. flatness/warp shall
not exceed 0.007 inch/inch max.

[0125] FIGS. 26-29 show the other "six-sheet manufacturing layers" of the
PCB 250 for the second embodiment of the card 10. FIG. 26 is the mask for
the first layer of the PCB 250-P-M (1-6); FIG. 27 is the first or primary
layer 250-PL(1-6). FIG. 28 is the bottom or secondary layer 250-S(1-6);
and FIG. 29 is the mask for the bottom or secondary layer 250-S-M (1-6).

[0126] FIGS. 30A and B show the sheet of the stiffener layer 251 (1-6) in
the form of a six unit sheet, for the second embodiment of the invention,
from front and side views, respectively: This stiffener layer 251 is much
like the one described above in FIGS. 13A and B. Laminate FR4 stiffener
to PCB on primary side with prepreg material. Compensate prepreg PP to
avoid run our of adhesive into open cavities areas. Bowing of PCB on open
cavity areas of the stiffener is not allowed. PCB must be flat after
lamination of stiffener to PCB. Boards are fabricated in accordance with
IPC-A-600, class 2 and all other IPC applicable specs unless other
specified. The board material is in accordance with IPC-4101/24 or 25
(such that Tg >150 C) and the color is generally, but not limited to
Natural yellow. The board process is HSAL 0.0003'' min.

[0127] FIGS. 31 and 32 illustrate the primary or front 251-P(1-6) and
bottom 251-B (1-6) layers of the stiffener layer 251, respectively, as
manufactured in a six-unit sheet.

[0128] FIGS. 33 and 34 show the top 260-P and bottom 260-B of the outer
layer 260, for the second embodiment, respectively.

[0129] FIG. 35 illustrates the detail of a sample 8-bit microprocessor U2
as it may be implemented in the second embodiment 253-A. In certain
embodiments, other low-power processors can be used. However, as shown in
the second embodiment, a Microchip 8-bit microcontroller model PIC16LF77
is used (see FIGS. 39A and B). The technical details of this
microprocessor U2 are included in Appendix C of U.S. Ser. No. 60/675,388
which is specifically incorporated herein by reference. As can be
appreciated by skilled artisans, the choice of particular
microcontrollers must be informed by manufacturing, cost, and commercial
use considerations. Therefore, other microcontrollers may replace this
particular model, but must meet the practical requirements for use in the
inventive transaction card 10.

[0130]FIG. 36 illustrates a sample processor U4 for a smart card
interface. In particular embodiments, the processor is a Phillips 6032
8-bit smart card microcontroller, the details of which are included in
Appendix E and are incorporated by reference herein.

[0131]FIG. 37 shows a charge pump CP, and the surround connections 253-C,
which may be implemented in the second embodiment 10 of the invention. In
a preferred embodiment the charge pump is a Maxim Integrated Products
model 1759. The details of the sample charge pump are included in
Appendix F of U.S. Ser. No. 60/675,388, and are hereby incorporated by
reference.

[0132] FIG. 38 shows various MOSFETs Q2 and Q3 which may be implemented,
as well as a diode SD1.

[0133] Referring now to FIGS. 40A-42, a broadcaster coil assembly 242 for
the first embodiment is shown. The material for the broadcaster coil
assembly 242 is specifically designed for the facilitation the magnetic
flux broadcast, and is made of a Cartech HYMU 80 CORE 109. FIGS. 40A-D
illustrate four different views of the coil 174 for use in the assembly
242.

[0134] In preparing the coil 242 for assembly, it is important that the
sharp edges be sanded and that the core winding 242W of the type as shown
in FIGS. 41A-C are used A sleeving type of stock number 10-1004-OOA is
preferable and the sleeving length is 3.05+/-0.003. A heat-shrinkable
sleeving is to be added to the core 242 prior to winding. The resistance
of the 13.0+/-0.5 Ohms is preferable for the first embodiment and
inductance is 2.5+/-20% mH. There should not be any short between the
winding 174 and the core 242. The end of the coils 242E-242E are to be
tacked into place with instant adhesive (not shown). Unlike the
embodiment in FIG. 21A, the entire core 242 is to be dipped in
polyurethane and heat cured.

[0135] FIG. 42 illustrates the proper winding for the core material 174.
The core should be wound with a right hand sense. In a preferred
configuration of the first embodiment 44 wire gauge is used, turned 444
times with a 0.0045 pitch. As can be appreciated, the core should be free
of defects.

[0136] Referring now to FIG. 43A, the adapter circuit RCAC is shown in a
sample for the first embodiment 1, but can be used in any embodiment of
the inventive transaction card.

[0137] A functional diagram of the RC adapter circuit RCAC is shown in
FIG. 43B.

[0138] The present invention as embodied in the transaction card includes
a device constructed of multiple proprietary components which essentially
"broadcasts" the appropriate and industry compliant magnetic signals to
the transaction reader when the card is properly placed. Please refer to
FIGS. 45 and 46, below for a highly simplified description of the
operation of the generation and broadcast of the waveform transform.

[0139] In a highly-simplified representation of the invention, the RC
network outputs signals to a number of broadcast connections, represented
by connections and circuit configurations T1, T1', T2 and T2' in the
drawings. The circuit configurations are designed in order for the
waveform signal to be properly converted into a magnetic broadcast when
the signals pass through the broadcasting device.

[0140] The output transaction waveform signal is converted to compliant
magnetic flux reversal broadcast in the broadcaster. An illustrative
diagram of the broadcaster BS is shown in FIG. 45 and includes a core of
specialty material chosen for its magnetic permeability as well as other
important chemically-related properties. This is discussed above in FIGS.
21A-23 and 40A-42. The core is surrounded by the multiple waveform
circuit configurations made of another types of specialty material chosen
for it electrical and magnetic properties. Together, the core, and the
surrounding circuitry and the structures for attachment to the card may
be considered a "flex encoder." Furthermore, in order to prevent
cross-contamination "cross-talk" of the magnetic field broadcast, a
cancellation structure is also included in the broadcast waveform
generation device, the magnetic field(s) to be generated/broadcast is not
to be operable or readable by the transaction device in the inventive
transaction card system and the cancellation structure is not static.

[0141] The broadcaster also includes sensors SEN1 and SEN2 that determine
when the inventive transaction card is being swiped. These sensors are
connected to the processor U1 or U2 to activate the broadcast process.

[0142] FIG. 47 shows that the waveform signal passed through the
broadcasting device generates a magnetic field at the appropriate
detection locations on the reader. The Magnetic flux reversals are
broadcast for an appropriately determined amount of time to ensure that
the transaction is completed.

[0143] The broadcasted flux reversals are read by a conventional magnetic
stripe reader and are then processed in exactly the same fashion as a
conventional credit card number and credit cardholder name since such
information can be sent to a credit card approval agent for approval of
the transaction. The credit card approval agent has all of the
information necessary to determine if the transaction is valid or
fraudulent.

[0144] A first alternate of the RC adapter circuit RCAC' is shown in FIG.
48. Many of the characteristics of this adapter circuit are similar to
those shown in the first embodiment in FIGS. 43A and B, but with some
important variations.

[0145] A second alternate RC adapter circuit RCAC'' is shown in FIG. 49
from primarily a functional perspective. The second alternative RC
adapter circuit RCAC'' does not use the "cancellation" tracks shown in
FIGS. 39A-B, 43A-B and 44-48, but directed produces the desired magnetic
signals from a two or more track system in the alternate broadcasting
system BS'.

[0146] A printed circuit board (PCB) layer in an alternate embodiment 51
is shown in FIGS. 50A and B, from front and side views, respectively
51-PCB. The alternate embodiment implements features and configuration,
as well as omits others, that are included in the first 1 and second 10
embodiments discussed above, in FIGS. 3-4; 6-23 and 5-6 and 7-40,
respectively. FIG. 50B illustrates the positioning of the mask and top
and bottom layer(s) in the circuit board for the alternate card 51 pcb.

[0148] The magnetic field illustrated by the magnetic lines of flux
generated by the broadcaster coil and is extended outward from the coil
in continuous paths always passing thru the magnetic stripe broadcaster
coil and then out into the space around the coil, re-entering the coil to
complete the continuous path of flux lines. The flux lines have the
greatest intensity at very close distances to the coil and decrease in
strength and density as you move away form the coil. The greatest
concentration of magnetic flux is both at the ends of the magnetic stripe
broadcaster as well as all along the length of the coil. The magnetic
flux lines (magnetic field) extend from the top and the bottom of the
coil in opposite directions to complete their continuous paths. The flux
lines intercepted by Track 1 magnetic read head add confusing noise at 75
bpi into the Track 1 decoding circuits and this needs to be avoided.

[0149] Of particular interest are the magnetic flux lines that are
intercepted by the magnetic read head in the terminal. The magnetic read
head contains a ferrite core that is very conductive to magnetic flux
(low reluctance), much greater than the air and material surrounding the
core of the magnetic read head. The magnetic flux near the gap in the
magnetic read head is diverted from its path in free space to follow the
more conductive path through the core of the magnetic read head. As such
the magnetic flux passes through the magnetic read head coil and induces
a voltage in the magnetic read head coil representing the time variation
or strength variation in the magnetic field generating the magnetic flux.
This changing pattern of voltage can be detected and decoded into binary
zeroes and ones by the terminal detection circuits. This method of
capturing magnetic flux in a magnetic read head and generating a time
varying voltage representing the time varying magnetic field is well
known in the industry. The magnetic stripe broadcaster in the inventive
transaction card when powered by the battery and driven by a formatted
data signal generated by the microprocessor is formatted to represent the
F2F data of an encoded magnetic stripe; by the magnetic stripe
broadcaster driver circuits will generate a time varying voltage in the
magnetic read head of the terminal that will be decoded by the terminal
decoding circuits into the binary digits of the encoded data just as if
the data had come from a standard encoded magnetic stripe card. This
allows the microprocessor, internal to the Enabled Card, to communicate
with a standard magnetic stripe terminal using the standard magnetic read
head in the terminal with no modifications to the terminal or the
infrastructure of the existing magnetic stripe system. Thus the inventive
transaction card acts as a Smart Card and can work within the extensive
magnetic stripe point-of-transaction infrastructure with minimal
procedural and cost impact.

[0150] The introduction of a second, third or more magnetic stripe
broadcaster coils is possible using the Enabled Card microprocessor and
power management system, additional magnetic stripe broadcaster coils
could be added in similar fashion. With the addition of a second magnetic
stripe magnetic read head for Track 1 and Track 1 decoded circuit in a
two track point-of-transaction terminal, there exists the possibility of
magnetic flux 523 from the Track 2 magnetic stripe broadcaster coil may
be picked up by the Track 1 magnetic read head. The Track 1 detection
circuits can detect this "leakage" flux and produce an analog signal that
will be processed by the Track 1 F2F decoding. Typically the leakage flux
detected by the Track 1 read head and amplified into an analog wave shape
by the Track 1 detection electronics will be lower in amplitude from the
"primary" flux. The "primary" flux is detected by the Track 2 magnetic
read head and Track 2 detection amplifier electronics=into the analog
wave shape=at 75 bpi but it is enough to confuse the Track 1 decoding
circuits that are looking for encoded data at 210 bpi and not an induced
75 bpi signal from Track 2.

[0151] In a similar set of conditions, the Track 1 magnetic stripe
broadcaster coil will produce magnetic flux that can leak into Track 2
magnetic read head of the point-of-transaction terminal. The Track 2
Detection circuits will detect the lower level leakage flux signal from
the Track 2 magnetic read head and produce an enough to be decoded as
data at different bits per inch then what is expected in a standard Track
1 (210 bpi) and Track 2 (75 bpi) encoded magnetic stripe. The Enabled
Card has a unique fix for this cross-talk flux leakage from magnetic
coils which tries to emulate an encoded magnetic stripe. The transaction
card uses a Helper Coils and phase related driver circuits to cancel out
the cross-talk flux from Track 1 leaking into a Track 2 magnetic read
head from cross-talk from Track 2 flux leaking into a Track 1 magnetic
read head.

[0152] Since the Track 1 and Track 2 bit densities (210 bpi and 75 bpi
respectively) are so different, the mixing of signals from both tracks
magnetic flux in a magnetic read head will lead to decoding errors and
the inability to read the data transmitted from the coil to the standard
magnetic stripe point-of-transaction terminal. The transaction card uses
the Helper Coils to cancel the leakage flux picked up by either Track 1
or Track 2 magnetic read heads in the point-of-transaction terminal and
thereby avoids the problems of decoding errors and no-read conditions at
the terminal. The microprocessor, power management and coil driver
circuits, and the Helper Coil driver circuits act in conjunction to
provide the magnetic stripe broadcaster coils and Helper Coils with the
correct voltage and driver currents. These are represented by the F2F
data wave shapes for broadcast from Track 1 and Track 2 magnetic stripe
broadcaster coils. The shifted phase and amplitude voltages and currents
to the Track 1 and Track 2 Helper Coils produce the analog wave shapes,
which are detected by the Track 1 and Track 2 Detection Amplifiers in the
point-of-transaction terminal.

[0153] Another embodiment of the Enabled Card with the magnetic trip
switches is the use of the invention as a monitoring system to be able to
identify what type of point-of-transaction terminal is being used to read
the Enabled Card, called the Self-Monitoring System. The tripping of the
leading and trailing magnetic trip switches by the passing by of the core
of the Track 1 and Track 2 magnetic read head in the terminal produces
two sets of pulses separated in time by the time it takes for the Enabled
Card to move past the magnetic read head core designated T1 and T2 in
block. The lead magnetic trip switch produces the first pulse sent to the
microprocessor and the trailing magnetic trip switch produces the second
pulse sent to the microprocessor. This timing sequence activation of both
magnetic trip switches can only occur if the complete card is swiped or
transported past the magnetic read head. This specific timing sequence
tells the microprocessor that a complete lead edge to trail edge scan of
the Enabled Card has been completed.

[0154] Another popular method of reading a magnetic stripe card is to use
a dip reader or letterbox slot reader. Dip readers are popular at
self-pay gasoline pumps where the card is read on the way into the read
and on the way out. This double read gives the terminal two attempts to
read the data on the card and provides greater reliability at the
gasoline pump. In a dip reader, the entire card does not pass the read
head. Only the data portion of the encoded stripe, block, is read in
either direction allowing the user who is maintaining hand contact with
the card to remove the card from the dip reader. The Enabled Card will
produce a different set of magnetic trip switch pulses than those that
are obtained in the swipe reader or motorized transport reader where the
whole card length is passed in front of the magnetic stripe read head.

[0155] The inventive transaction card, when read in a dip reader, produces
two sets of pulse signals from only the leading magnetic trip switch. The
first pulse is from the leading magnetic trip switch with the insertion
of the leading edge of the Enabled Card into the insertion reader. The
second pulse is also from the leading magnetic trip switch as the card is
removed in the outward direction from the dip reader. This unique set of
pulses from the just lead edge magnetic trip switch allows the
microprocessor to identify that the Enabled Card is being used in a dip
read with only a partial transport of the magnetic stripe broadcaster
coils passing the magnetic read head of the dip reader. The
microprocessor can adjust the timing of the magnetic stripe broadcaster
to accommodate this reading on the way into the dip magnetic read head
gap of the magnetic read head and provide an additional read on the
removal of the Enabled Card from the dip read past the magnetic read
head. The two attempts at reading the data from the magnetic stripe
broadcaster of the Enabled Card provides higher success read rates. The
dip reader's use of a human hand to insert and remove the card from the
reader would produce a lower number of successful reads if only one of
the directions was read.

[0156] In a preferred embodiment of the overall operation of the inventive
transaction card, the user first turns on the power to the transaction
card 1 or 10, shown above, by pressing the ON key tactile switch button
SB1. The microprocessor U1, U2 etc. will be activated and the battery BT
power will be connected to the power management circuits. PMCs. The power
management will light the Power-ON indicator light PIL that provides the
user with the indication that the transaction card 1 or 10 has been
activated. If the power management sequence is not correctly activated
then the Power-OFF/Error light PEL is turned on by the microprocessor U1,
U2, which provides the user with the indication that the transaction card
has not been activated and the Power-ON switch will need to be pressed
again to turn on the card 1 or 10. Upon indication by the activated
Power-ON light, the user can now select from one of three or more
functional accounts using tactile switch buttons SB2, SB3, . . . Once the
user has selected which function or account they want to activate (for
example credit, debit, or mileage points) the pressing of the
corresponding tactile switch buttons SB2, SB3, . . . will tell the
microprocessor which data and what data format is to be provided to the
magnetic stripe broadcaster driver circuits BC. The selected function
indicator light SB2, . . . is turned on, to indicate to the user which
card 1 or 10, that the function or account has been activated. The power
to the microprocessor U1, U2, . . . , indicator lights ILs and other
management functions have been in a reduced power mode during this
initial activation phase. The user has a fixed period of time, as
determined by the microprocessor program, to use the initially-powered
card in a point-of-transaction terminal.

[0157] If the user or clerk at the point-of-transaction places the
transaction card in a magnetic stripe swipe or transport reader, the
movement of the card passing the read head activates the leading or
trailing magnetic trip switches, depending on which way the card is
inserted into, the card swipe or transport. Once the magnetic trip switch
is activated, the microprocessor/power management system turns on the
full power of the battery to the magnetic stripe broadcaster coils and
sends the selected formatted data/functions to the coils for broadcast to
the magnetic read head of the point-of-transaction terminal. After
activation of the chosen account function in block and if the Enabled
Card does not encounter a magnetic read head within the allocated waiting
time period, the time out function of the microprocessor, block sends a
signal to the Power-OFF/Error indication light to turn on and to indicate
to the user that the transaction card has been turned off. This process
conserves battery power if the transaction card has not been placed in a
point-of-transaction terminal; the successful broadcast of the selected
account data by the magnetic stripe broadcaster coils to the magnetic
read head, the transaction card will wait again for a further manual
input from the function button switches. When the microprocessor receives
the signal from the magnetic trip switch the battery power is increased
to full power to coils. The microprocessor and the signal processing
circuits provides the Track 1 and Track 2 formatted data (accounts A1, A2
or A3) full power voltage wave shapes for the F2F code representing the
respective accounts selected to the magnetic stripe broadcaster coils and
the phase and amplitude shifted cancellation signals to the Helper Coil.
The point-of-transaction terminal then utilizes the received signals as
standard magnetic stripe data and processes the account information in
the terminal and network to authorize the transaction as is commonly
known in the industry.

[0158] If a function switch SB(x) is pressed again within the allocated
waiting period then the operational sequence is begun again. If the
waiting period is completed without an activation of a function button,
then the power management system flashes the Power-Off indicator light
and turns off the power to the microprocessor completing the use of the
transaction card. The user can manually turn off the Enabled Card by
pressing the Power-ON/OFF button at any time during the waiting period,
which again flashes the Power-ON/OFF indicator light.

[0159] The disclosure of U.S. Ser. No. 60/675,388 included the disclosure
of the following methods.

[0160] Method 1. A method for broadcasting transaction--based information
from a transaction device embodied in a plastic card including the acts
of: generating digital signals from a microprocessor; converting said
digital signals from said microprocessor into at least two tracks of
analog signal wave form; driving said first waveform signal on an analog
track and driving said second waveform signal on a second analog track
such that said first and second waveform signals cancel each other out,
such that a simulated magnetic field is generated along a target area
located on said transaction card.

[0161] Method 2. The method recited in Method 1, wherein said target area
corresponds to a magnetic stripe area on a normal transaction card.

[0162] Method 3. The method recited in Method 1 wherein said first analog
waveform is transmitted along two signal lines.

[0163] Method 4. The method recited in Method 1, wherein said second
waveform is transmitted along two analog signal lines.

[0164] Method 5. The method recited in Method 1 wherein said target area
includes a material capable of magnetic broadcasting.

[0166] Method 7. The method recited in Method 1, further compressing an
activation staff, in which said previously defined steps are activated by
a pressure mechanism located in said target area.

[0167] Method 8. The method recited in Method 7, wherein said target or
activation area is activated by a user's grasp (sounds like) of the
target area.

[0168] Method 9. The method recited in Method 1, wherein said broadcasting
steps are activated by a user action.

[0169] Method 10. The method recited in Method 9, wherein said user action
is pressing of a specialty button.

[0170] Method 11. The method recited in Method 9, wherein said user action
is punching in a sequence on a numeric or alpha numeric key pad.

[0171] Method 12. The method recited in Method 1, wherein the broadcasting
steps are activated by driving, the card through a card swipe.

[0172] Method 13. The method recited in Method 1, wherein the said
broadcasting, steps are activated by placing the card in an automatic
teller machine.

[0173] Method 14. A method for conducting a financial transaction over a
communications network comprising a terminal, a payment network including
a transaction authorization issuer, and a payment card having a chip,
comprising:

[0174] storing on said card account information having a first portion
readable by a first machine-readable technology and a second portion
readable by a second different machine-readable technology, said stored
account information including a payment account number, an expiration
date, a service code, and wherein said chip maintains a transaction
counter, and receives a terminal challenge number from the terminal;

[0176] supporting on said chip a cryptographic algorithm for calculating
an authentication code using at least said key, said authentication code
to be used for verification by said transaction authorization issuer;

[0177] wherein said authentication code is calculated using at least
portions of said unique per-card cryptographic key, said account number,
said expiration date, said service code, a value associated with said
counter, and said challenge number, and

[0178] employing both of said first and second, technologies to capture
said card account information for conducting said financial transaction.

[0179] Method 15. The method of Method 14, wherein said stored account
information includes Track 2 data comprising said expiration date, said
service code, and discretionary data, and wherein said chip is an RE chip
which stores said Track 2 data.

[0180] Method 16. The method of Method 15, further comprising reformatting
the discretionary data of said Track 2 data with said authentication
code, said transaction counter, and said terminal challenge number; and
making said reformatted data available for reading by said terminal.

[0181] The disclosure of U.S. Ser. No. 60/675,388 included the disclosure
of the following cards.

[0182] A card for use in a financial transaction, that is capable of
multi-standard operation, including the acts of: activating said card
through an activation mechanism; driving a set of user data from a first
secure microprocessor through a signal line to a second microprocessor;
processing said data in said second microprocessor to generate a series
of digital transaction signals; driving said transaction signals into a
RC specialty circuit; converting said digital signals into two distinct
analog waveform signals; driving said two sets of analog waveform signals
along at least two tracks such that said first analog signal and said
second analog signal cancel each other magnetically so that the resulting
magnetic flux at a target broadcast area replicates the magnetic field
created in a magnetic stripe.

[0183] An improved transaction card for use in a standard magnetic reader,
wherein said improved card conforms to smart-card standards, said card
including:

[0184] a first processor operative couples to a power supply and a second
processor; at least two transmission lines connecting said second
processor to an RC conversion;

[0185] at least two broadcasting lines connected to output from said RC
conversion circuit and would around a strip of magnetic broadcasting
enhancement material;

[0186] wherein said signals from second processor are converted in said RC
conversion circuit such that when said converted signals are pulsed on
said at least two broadcasting lines, magnetic flux patterns are present
on said strip that simulates a static magnetic strip.

[0187] It should be noted that additional disclosure is set forth in the
non-provisional application that claimed priority benefit from U.S. Ser.
No. 60/675,388, the disclosure of which is set forth in U.S. Pat. No.
7,954,724. However, because the two disclosures are different, yet
contain some overlapping material, inclusion of both disclosures in a
single document would result in much duplication, with the potential for
some confusion due to different numbering nomenclature and its use in
connection with different figures. For this reason, the present
application sets forth the entire disclosure of U.S. Ser. No. 60/675,388,
without setting forth the entire disclosure set forth in U.S. Pat. No.
7,954,724. Still, U.S. Pat. No. 7,954,724 does provide additional
disclosure relevant to understanding the present disclosure, such as some
of the following examples.

[0188] The aforementioned embodiments for the coils teach winding a wire
around a ferromagnetic core. In alternate embodiments, the coils can be
made in other fashions. For example, coils can be made with various
deposition, patterning, and etching techniques. As will be appreciated by
those skilled in the art, a ferromagnetic core can be coated with an
insulating film, and then coated with a conductive (usually metal) layer
of, for example, copper or aluminum or alloys thereof by, by way of
example and not limitation, sputtering and nano sputtering techniques. A
mask can then be applied to the conductive layer to define the coil, and
portions of the conductive layer can be etched away to provide the
windings. The mask can be made photolithographically, by spraying with,
for example, ink jet technologies, or by other techniques well known to
those skilled in the art. The etching can be accomplished with an acid
which attacks the conductive layer but which is stopped by the insulating
film. This method of coil production may have advantages in high-volume
manufacturing situations.

[0189] For example, a ferromagnetic coil can be prepared and cleaned. An
insulating and/or etch stop layer can be applied by a variety of
techniques including, but not limited to, dipping, spraying, coating,
sputtering, CVD, etc. A metal or other conductive layer can then be
applied, again by a variety of techniques including, but not limited to,
dipping, spraying, coating, sputtering, CVD, etc. A mask layer can be
applied as a photolithographic material, by painting, printing, spraying,
stenciling, etc., as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. The
etching of the conductive layer through the mask layer can be
accomplished by a variety of techniques including, but not limited to,
dipping, spraying, immersing, and plasma etching techniques. The mask
layer is then removed, and a passifying layer may be applied to protect
the coil assembly.

[0190] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, there are other
ways to produce the effects of the "coils" of the broadcaster. For
example, magnetic material can be lithographically sputtered to create
the broadcaster coil effect. There are a variety of mass production
techniques such as those noted above, by example, which will be apparent
to those skilled in the art of semiconductor and micro-machine
manufacturing.

[0191] The broadcaster may further include one or more sensors, which are
electrically coupled to the general processor. These sensors are used to
signal to the general processor that the physical act of swiping the card
body through a legacy card reader has commenced. These sensors also
communicate to the general processor when contact is lost with the
magnetic stripe reader, which receives and interprets magnetic flux
impulses from the broadcaster. Such sensors may take various forms
including physical switches, pressure sensors or other alternatives which
will be apparent to those of skill in the art. The broadcaster achieves
its waveform subsequent to the activation of one or more sensors.

[0192] When used in a legacy Smart Card mode, the secure processor is
powered by bus from a Smart Card reader device. The reader device can be
used to program and personalize the secure processor with various
information including, by way of example and not imitation, firmware
code, account numbers, cryptographic keys, PIN numbers, etc. This
information, once loaded into the secure processor, prepares the secure
processor for an operational mode which no longer requires the use of the
Smart Card reader device.

[0193] in this "independent" mode, the secure processor communicates with
the general processor and provides services such as cryptographic
functions and the dynamic generation of authentication information which
is used to communicate via the general processor and the magnetic stripe
emulator with a magnetic stripe reader. Also in this example, the
authentication code may be used only once for a single transaction.
Subsequent transactions require new authentication codes to be generated.
The secure processor can also send account information and/or DACs via RF
and IR.

[0194] In an alternative embodiment, the card body continues to be used
with reader device a Smart Card reader device and also with a magnetic
stripe reader device. In this alternate embodiment, the card detects the
mode in which it is being used and automatically switches the usage of a
bus appropriately for the detected mode of operation. This is achieved in
an optional bus arbitrator. In other embodiments, there is no bus
arbitrator. An optional bus arbitrator can detect when it is being used
with a Smart Card reader device because power is provided by such a
device via electrical connectors to a bus of the card. Similarly, an
optional bus arbitrator can detect that power is being provided by the
general processor and switch to the corresponding mode of operation,
which services the general processor and the various I/O devices
connected thereto. In yet another alternative embodiment, an optional bus
arbitrator allows for the dynamic communication of both general and
secure processors with each other respectively, and with a Smart Card
reader device. This requires bus arbitration logic which is well known to
those skilled in the art. In a further alternative embodiment, the
general processor is interposed between the secure processor and
electrical connectors so that the general processor acts as a
"go-between" or a "front end" for the secure processor.

[0195] In another exemplary alternative embodiment, the general processor
is comprised of an ASIC chip, which optionally includes one or more other
components of an exemplary transaction card. For example, the ASIC
assumes the role of buffering circuit as well as the duties of other
components associated with a general processor in the previously
disclosed embodiments. Further, the ASIC embodiment could, for example,
produce adjusted waveforms for the track 1 and track 2 coils so that it
is not necessary to include a track 1 cancellation coil or track 2
cancellation coil. For example, the ASIC could apply a correction to the
amplitude and phase of the waveform of the track 1 coil because of the
anticipated effect of magnetic flux interference from the track 2 coil.
Likewise, a correction would be applied to the waveform for the track 2
coil, to cancel the effect of the track 1 coil. Also, when reference is
made to providing something to "cancel" the "cross talk" effect, by
"cancel" it is meant that the cross talk is at least significantly
reduced.

[0196] Note that the corrections applied to the waveform may vary with
time because the interference from the opposing broadcaster coil may vary
with time (at different parts of the waveform). Thus, the correction
constitutes two new waveforms for the two respective broadcaster coils of
this exemplary embodiment. Note also that the correction waveform for a
given broadcaster coil will itself cause interference with the opposing
broadcaster coil, and vice versa.

[0197] In some additional exemplary embodiments, an additional correction
is applied to compensate for the effect of the previous correction. In
still further exemplary embodiments, one or more additional corrections
are applied until the diminishing effect of interference becomes
negligible as the series converges. Note that these corrections are
performed in a computational manner before the corresponding portions of
the waveforms reach the broadcaster.

[0198] In a further alternative embodiment, the crosstalk cancellation is
performed in a linear RC circuit which outputs corrected waveforms to
track 1 coil and track 2 coil. This RC circuit could be disposed within
the exemplary ASIC described above or external to the ASIC. Again, this
embodiment is provided by way of example and not limitation.

[0199] Although various embodiments have been described using specific
terms, and devices, such description is for illustrative purposes only.
The words used are words of description rather than of limitation. It is
to be understood that changes and variations may be made by those of
ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit or the scope
of the present invention, which is set forth in the following claims. In
addition, it should be understood that aspects of various other
embodiments may be interchanged either in whole or in part. It is
therefore intended that the claims be interpreted in accordance with the
true spirit and scope of the invention without limitation or estoppel.