Plot[edit]

As a young boy, Noah witnesses his father, Lamech, killed by a young Tubal-cain. Many years later an adult Noah is living with his wife Naameh and their sons Shem, Ham and Japheth. After seeing a flower grow instantly from the ground and being haunted by dreams of a great flood, Noah takes them to visit his grandfather, Methuselah.

They encounter a group of people recently killed and adopt the lone survivor, a girl named Ila. Noah and his family are chased by Tubal-cain and his men but seek refuge with the fallen angels known as the "Watchers", confined on Earth as stone golems (nephilim) for helping humans banished from the Garden of Eden. Methuselah gives Noah a seed from Eden and tells Noah that he was chosen for a reason. Returning to his tent that night, Noah plants the seed into the ground. The Watchers arrive the next morning and debate whether they should help Noah until they see water spout from the spot where Noah planted the seed. A forest grows quickly, and the Watchers state that they will help Noah do the Creator's bidding. The trees are cut by the Watchers to build Noah's Ark with the help of Noah and his family.

After birds fly to the Ark, Tubal-cain arrives with his followers and confronts Noah about his reasons for building the Ark. Noah defies Tubal-cain and remarks that there is no escape for the line of Cain. Tubal-cain retreats and decides to build weapons to defeat the Watchers and take the Ark. As the Ark nears completion, animals of various species enter the Ark and are put to sleep with incense.

With Ila having become enamored of Shem, Noah goes to a nearby settlement to find wives for Ham and Japheth, but upon witnessing humans being traded and apparently slaughtered for food, he abandons his effort and begins believing that the creator wants all of humanity dead. Back at the ark, he tells his family that he will not seek wives for his younger sons. After the Flood, they will be the last humans, and there will be no new generation of man.

Devastated that he will be alone his entire life, Ham runs into the forest, followed by Ila. Naameh begs Noah to reconsider, but when he will not, she goes to Methuselah for help. Later, in the forest, Ila encounters Methuselah who cures her sterility while Ham, searching for a wife on his own, befriends the refugee Na'el.

The rain starts falling, and Tubal-cain becomes angry that he was not chosen to be saved. The followers of Tubal-cain make a run for the Ark. Noah finds Ham in the forest and forces Ham to save himself but leave Na'el to die when she is caught in an animal trap. Noah's family enter the Ark except for Methuselah, who remains in the forest and is swept away by the rushing waters. The Watchers hold off Tubal-cain and his followers as long as possible, sacrificing themselves to protect the Ark from the mob. They ascend to Heaven after leaving their mortal stone form. As the flood drowns the remaining humans, an injured Tubal-cain climbs onto the Ark and solicits Ham, playing on anger toward Noah for allowing Na'el to die.

Ila becomes pregnant as the rains stop, and begs the creator to let the child live. Noah interprets the ending of the rain to mean he must ensure the extinction of man and, against his wife's protests, resolves that if the child is a girl, he will kill her. Months pass, and Ila and Shem build a raft to escape Noah's resolve, but Noah discovers and burns it. Ila gives birth to twin girls. Tubal-cain convinces Ham to help kill Noah, who is then attacked by Tubal-cain, Ham and Shem. As they fight the Ark strikes a mountain and Ham kills Tubal-cain. Noah seizes Ila's twins, but he spares them upon looking at his granddaughters and only feeling love.

Upon exiting the Ark, Noah goes into isolation in a nearby cave and starts drinking wine. His sons find him without clothes and in a drunken stupor. Ham leaves his kin to live alone. Having reconciled at the behest of Ila, Noah blesses the family as the beginning of a new human race, and all witness an immense rainbow.

Production[edit]

Development[edit]

Aronofsky first got interested in the story of Noah in the seventh grade. As part of a creative writing assignment he submitted a poem about Noah entitled "The Dove".[21] Years later after finishing the movie Pi, Aronofsky was searching for ideas for his next movie and thought that a movie about Noah would be a good idea.[21] Work on the script began in 2000 but Aronofsky put the project on hold when he learned Hallmark was already working on a similar movie. Work on the draft resumed sometime later with a first draft being completed in 2003.[21]

In adapting the story for a feature film Aronofsky struggled with how to adapt it to feature length—the story in the Bible is only four chapters and doesn't include names for his wife or his sons' wives.[21] The text does mention Noah getting drunk after the flood and getting into an altercation with one of his sons, which provided Aronofsky and his team with clues into what events could have taken place on the Ark.[21]

Aronofsky first discussed Noah with The Guardian in April 2007, explaining that he saw Noah as "a dark, complicated character" who experiences "real survivor's guilt" after the flood. Aronofsky was working on early drafts of the script for Noah around the time his first attempt to make The Fountain fell through when actor Brad Pitt left the project.[22]

Ari Handel—Aronofsky's collaborator on The Fountain, The Wrestler and Black Swan—helped Aronofsky develop the script. Before they found financial backing for Noah, they collaborated with Canadian artist Niko Henrichon to adapt the script into a graphic novel. The first volume of the graphic novel was released in the French language by Belgian publisher Le Lombard in October 2011 under the title Noé: Pour la cruauté des hommes (Noah: For the Cruelty of Men).[23] After the creation of the graphic novel, Aronofsky struck a deal with Paramount and New Regency to produce a feature film of Noah with a budget of $130 million.[24][25] Screenwriter John Logan was called in to re-draft the script alongside Aronofsky, but is not credited for his contributions.[26]

In October 2012, Emma Watson commented on the setting of the film: "I think what Darren's going for is a sense that it could be set in any time. It could be set sort of like a thousand years in the future or a thousand years in the past. ... You shouldn't be able to place it too much."[27]

Liam Neeson, Liev Schreiber and Val Kilmer were also considered for the part of Tubal-cain. Aronofsky reportedly wanted an actor "with the grit and size to be convincing as he goes head-to-head against Crowe's Noah character".[9]

Post-production[edit]

Post-production lasted over 14 months, with Aronofsky attempting some of the most complicated and extensive effects ever used in film. Industrial Light and Magic said their work on the film represented "the most complicated rendering in the company's history."[35]

To make the Fallen Angels' movements realistic, VFX supervisor Ben Snow and Aronofsky studied footage of real ballet dancers from the director’s Oscar-winning drama Black Swan.[36] Snow and Industrial Light Magic also teamed for the movie’s water scenes. "We created this great effect of geysers from the ground shooting water that meets rain falling to Earth," says Snow, currently overseeing special effects on the Avengers sequel. "That’s the thrill: to create something you’ve never done, or something people have never seen."[36]

Regarding the film's extensive use of visual effects, Aronofsky said he and his crew "had to create an entire animal kingdom,"[35] using no real animals in the production but instead "slightly tweaked" versions of real creatures.[37] Besides the fictional land-based animals in the film, ILM was also responsible for creating the Watchers, the forest that sprouted from the seed, the deluge sequence during the battle between the Watchers and Tubal-cain and his army, and the two-minute long sequence of the history of Earth's creation.[38]

The score also features an original song by Patti Smith, which is a lullaby sung by both Russell Crowe and Emma Watson's characters during the film. Smith performs the song herself over the end credits.[40]

Themes[edit]

The president of the National Religious Broadcasters stated that the Noah film includes "major biblical themes" including "sin, judgment, righteousness, and God as Creator."[41] In addition, the film promotes the concept of evolutionary creation.[41][42] Ari Handel, the scriptwriter for the Noah film stated that “The story of Noah starts with this concept of strong justice, that the wickedness of man will soon be met with justice, and it ends when the rainbow comes and it says, even though the heart of man is filled with wickedness, I will never again destroy the world... So it ends with this idea of mercy. God somehow goes from this idea of judging the wickedness to mercy and grace. So we decided that was a powerful and emotional arc to go through, and we decided to give that arc to Noah.”[43] Commenting on God's mercy, Wesley Hill in First Things notes that "near the end of the film, Emma Watson’s character, Ila...says to Noah that perhaps God preserved him because God knew that he had a merciful heart", "the film ends up locating the rationale for God’s mercy in some native spark of goodness in Noah that will, viewers hope, make the new, post-flood world more livable than the antediluvian one."[44]

Test screenings[edit]

During mid 2013, Aronofsky and Paramount began sparring over final cut, with Paramount seeking to test unfinished, unscored, and alternate cuts of the film despite Aronofsky's objections.[45] Paramount proceeded with the test-screenings nonetheless, prompting "Worrisome" responses from largely religious audiences at test screenings in October 2013.[46] "They tried what they wanted to try, and eventually they came back. My version of the film hasn't been tested... It's what we wrote and what was green lighted." After much discussion and compromise, the studio announced on February 12 that Darren Aronofsky's version, not any of the studio's alternate versions, would be the final cut of Noah.[46]

Under pressure from Christian religious groups, Paramount Pictures added a disclaimer to marketing materials in February 2014, saying:

"The film is inspired by the story of Noah. While artistic license has been taken, we believe that this film is true to the essence, values and integrity of a story that is a cornerstone of faith for millions of people worldwide. The biblical story of Noah can be found in the book of Genesis."[47]

Reception[edit]

Release and box office[edit]

Noah had its world premiere in Mexico City on March 10, 2014.[48] In North America, the film grossed a little over $43.7 million during its opening box office weekend, becoming Aronofsky's highest opening weekend and his first film to open at No. 1.[49] The opening weekend was also the biggest ever for Russell Crowe as a lead actor.[50]

Overseas, the film's releases in Russia and Brazil were the largest ever for a non-sequel, and were the fourth biggest openings of all time with $17.2 million and $9.8 million, respectively. The opening in Russia was the largest ever for a Paramount film.[51] In South Korea, the film grossed $1.1 million on its opening day, the highest in 2014 for the territory.[52]

Noah grossed $101,200,044 in North America and $261,437,429 in other countries, making a worldwide gross of $362,637,473.[53] The film was declared "an unmitigated hit... by almost every measure."[54]

Events[edit]

In connection with the release of the film in North America, Aronofsky commissioned artists to create original works inspired by the Biblical story of Noah, stating that "The Noah story belongs to all of us - every religion, every culture, every citizen of planet Earth." The collection, titled Fountains of the Deep: Visions of Noah and Flood was open to the public for the month of March 2014 in the Soho district of New York City. Contributing artists included Ugo Rondinone, Karen Kilimnik, Mike Nelson, Nan Goldin, Jim Lee, Robert Liefeld, Jim Woodring, Simon Bisley, graffiti duo FAILE and James Jean.[55]

On the eve of the film's release in Reykjavik, Iceland, Aronofsky teamed up with Björk to host an environmental benefit concert in response to proposed anti-conservationist policy changes by the Icelandic government, with guest performances by Björk, Patti Smith, Lykke Li, Russell Crowe and Of Monsters and Men.[56]

Critical reception[edit]

The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 77% approval rating with an average rating of 6.6/10 based on 204 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "With sweeping visuals grounded by strong performances in service of a timeless tale told on a human scale, Darren Aronofsky's Noah brings the Bible epic into the 21st century."[57]Movieline's Pete Hammond said that "It stays with you long after you leave the theatre. This 'Noah' is unlike any other film of its kind—an intimate and stirring new take on a biblical story we only thought we knew."[58][unreliable source?]Peter Travers of Rolling Stone said of the film: "a film of grit, grace, and visual wonders that for all its tech-head modernity is built on a spiritual core... In this flawed, fiercely relevant film, wonders never cease."[59]Time's Richard Corliss said, "Darren Aronofsky brings out wild ambition and thrilling artistry to one of the Old Testament's best-known, most dramatic, least plausible stories- Noah and the Ark- with Russell Crowe infusing the role of God's first seamen and zookeeper with all his surly majesty."[60]

Richard Roeper called it "One of the most dazzling and unforgettable Biblical epics ever put on film."[62]

The movie also had its detractors. IndieWire claimed "Aronofsky's worst movie is an epic misfire that, like the source material, offers plenty of lessons even if you don't buy the whole package."[63]The Wrap called the film "Darren Aronofsky's Biblical Waterworld".[64]The New Yorker'sDavid Denby wrote: "Darren Aronofsky's 'Noah'- an epic farrago of tumultuous water, digital battle, and environmentalist rage... is the craziest big movie in years. 'Noah' may not make much sense, but only an artist could have made it.[65]

Racial issues[edit]

The film was challenged for its lack of black people and other persons of color in general. Reverend Wil Gafney, associate professor of Hebrew and Old Testament at the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia, sees the film as a throwback to the Hollywood era of all white casts and considers it worrisome in today's more multi-ethnic America. She goes on to state that "The Bible is the most multicultural piece of literature that most people will ever read. So a film about the Bible should reflect that diversity."[66]

Efrem Smith, of Los Angeles-based World Impact, critiques the film as a throwback to the 1956 classic The Ten Commandments, where an all-white cast played Moses and Pharaoh. Smith states that Noah deals with the curse of Ham by "simply erasing people of color from the story."[66]

Anthea Butler, an associate professor of religious studies at the University of Pennsylvania, said the casting choices send a worrying message: "It's a world where only white people get saved... this doesn't look like the world that God created."[67][68]

Co-writer Ari Handel addressed the issues around race in an interview, where he stated, "From the beginning, we were concerned about casting, the issue of race. What we realized is that this story is functioning at the level of myth, and as a mythical story, the race of the individuals doesn't matter."[69][70]

Christian and Jewish response[edit]

Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury and leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion, called the Noah film "interesting and thought-provoking" after the film's lead star, Russell Crowe travelled to Lambeth Palace in order to discuss with him "faith and spirituality" after the movie's British premiere.[71][72] In addition, several Christian organizations have expressed support for the Noah film, "including Leaders from organizations like the American Bible Society, National Catholic Register, The King's College, Q Ideas, Hollywood Prayer Network, and Focus on the Family."[73] Focus on the Family president Jim Daly stated that: "[Noah] is a creative interpretation of the scriptural account that allows us to imagine the deep struggles Noah may have wrestled with as he answered God’s call on his life. This cinematic vision of Noah’s story gives Christians a great opportunity to engage our culture with the biblical Noah, and to have conversations with friends and family about matters of eternal significance."[74] Cultural commenter Fr. Robert Barron praised the film for its inclusion of "God, creation, providence, sin, obedience, salvation: not bad for a major Hollywood movie!"[75] In addition, The Biologos Foundation stated that they "saw the importance of stories as explanations—my favorite part of the whole movie was when Noah retold the Genesis creation accounts to his sons, and we saw the evolutionary creation of the world up to some mysterious Adam and Eve figures."[76]

Rabbi Shmuley Boteach, an orthodox Jewishrabbi leader, hailed Noah as "a valuable film, especially for our times."[77] In order to create "a story that tries to explicate Noah's relationship with God and God's relationship with the world as it has become", director of the film Darren Aronofsky himself stated that he was working in "the tradition of Jewish Midrash".[78]

Noah has also been the subject of controversy with Christians who take issue with how the story has been portrayed. Ken Ham and Ray Comfort, both young earth creationists, objected to the film, with the latter apologist creating his own documentary, Noah and the Last Days as a response.[79][80][81] The director angered many in the religious community by stating that his version of “Noah” was the “least biblical biblical film ever made.”[82] Despite references to "The Creator", some still disliked the movie because God is not mentioned by name. Jerry Johnson, president of the National Religious Broadcasters, did not like the director’s description of Noah as the “first environmentalist”. Johnson called the film’s “insertion of the extremist environmental agenda” a major concern.[82]

Producer Scott Franklin told Entertainment Weekly, "Noah is a very short section of the Bible with a lot of gaps, so we definitely had to take some creative expression in it. But I think we stayed very true to the story and didn't really deviate from the Bible, despite the six-armed angels."[83] Kevin Hall, Ph.D., professor of biblical and theological studies and the Ida Elizabeth and J.W. Hollums chair of Bible at Oklahoma Baptist University observed that "the story in Genesis is extremely concise, so some creativity with the tale — especially by Hollywood — is hardly a surprise."[47]

Muslim response and censorship[edit]

The film was banned in Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, and Indonesia prior to its release because it is seen by the governments of those countries as contradicting the teachings of Islam. A representative of Paramount Pictures confirmed the news by saying, "Censors for Qatar, Bahrain and the UAE officially confirmed this week that the film will not release in their countries."[84] The film was also disapproved by the Al-Azhar University in Egypt since it violates Islamic law and could "provoke the feelings of believers".[85] Mohammad Zareef from Pakistan'sCentral Board of Film Censors said they tended to steer clear of films with a religious theme, adding, "We haven't seen it yet, but I don't think it can go to the cinemas in Pakistan." However, the DVD release will be available in Pakistan.[86] In many Islamic juristic schools, the portrayal of prophets such as Noah is forbidden.[87]

Home media[edit]

Noah was released on Blu-ray and DVD on July 29, 2014.[88] In August 2014 a 3D Blu-ray edition was also released in Italy and Germany.[89]

^"Russell Crowe gets lost on kayaking trip". BBC News. September 3, 2012. Retrieved September 3, 2012. The coastguard officers lifted the pair and their kayaks into the boat and ferried them to Huntington Bay, 10 miles from where the pair had set out on their trip.

^Billy Hallowell (February 26, 2014). "Honest Assessment of New 'Noah' Movie". TheBlaze. Retrieved March 25, 2014. For instance, at one point Noah is preaching to his family and telling the story of creation – one that is presented through an evolutionary lens, albeit a theistic one.

^Stump, Jim (April 2, 2014). "The Noah Movie". The Biologos Foundation. Retrieved April 2, 2014. And we saw the importance of stories as explanations—my favorite part of the whole movie was when Noah retold the Genesis creation accounts to his sons, and we saw the evolutionary creation of the world up to some mysterious Adam and Eve figures.