DISASTER is a natural or man-made (or technological) hazard resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the environment.  It is a phenomenon that can cause damage to life and property and destroy the economic, social and cultural life of people. NATURAL DISASTER MAN-MADE DISASTER CYCLONE VOLCANOES FLOODS EARTHQUAKES TERRORISM WAR

Natural events can't be prevented, but potential disasters can be 'managed' to minimise loss of life through a four-part cycle of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery

Remote sensing — the science of acquiring information about the Earth using remote instruments, such as satellites — is inherently useful for disaster management. Satellites offer accurate, frequent and almost instantaneous data over large areas anywhere in the world. When a disaster strikes, remote sensing is often the only way to view what is happening on the ground. 1.Energy Source or Illumination (A) 2.Radiation and the Atmosphere (B) - 3.Interaction with the Target (C) 4.Recording of Energy by the Sensor (D) 5.Transmission, Reception, and Processing (E)- 6.Interpretation and Analysis (F) 7.Application (G) -

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer based application of technology involving spatial and attributes information to act as a decision support tool. It keeps information in different layers and generates various combinations pertaining to the requirement of the decision making. The data required for disaster management is coming from different scientific disciplines, and should be integrated. Data integration is one of the strongest points of GIS. In general the following types of data are required: • Data on the disastrous phenomena (e.g. landslides, floods, earthquakes), their location, frequency, magnitude etc. • Data on the environment in which the disastrous events might take place: topography, geology, geo-morphology, soils, hydrology, land use, vegetation etc. • Data on the elements that might be destroyed if the event takes place: infrastructure, settlements , population, socio-economic data etc. • Data on the emergency relief resources, such as hospitals, fire brigades, police stations, warehouses etc.

8th October 10th October 11th October 12th October 7th October, 2013: Indian Meteorological Department received information from KALPANA I, OCEANSAT and INSAT 3A Doppler radars deployed at vulnerable places, with over-lap, sensors in the sea and through the ships, about a cyclone forming in the gulf between Andaman Nicobar and Thailand named PHAILIN (Thai for “Sapphire”). 8th October, 2013: IMD confirmed cyclone formation and predicted it as “severe cyclone” and its effects would be felt from Kalingapatnam in Andhra Pradesh to Paradeep in Odisha, and that it would probably first strikethe port of Gopalpur in Ganjam district at about 5 pm on 12 October. The wind speed could touch 200(km/h). 10th October, 2013: IMD prediction of a severe cyclone was converted to a “very severe cyclonic storm” with wind speeds up to 220 kmph. the US Navy’s Joint Typhoon Warning Centre predicted it would have wind speeds up to 315 km/h. 12th October, 2013: The “very severe” cyclonic storm had its landfall at Gopalpur port at about 9 pm with a wind speed of 200 km/h.

 Several initiatives are working to provide equal access to the process and services of remote Sensing for all countries irrespective of their financial status.  The International Charter helped with floods in Senegal on 2 September and those in Burkina Faso on 17 September this year. Both emergency requests received near-immediate data from RADARSAT and SPOT.  The Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), managed by the intergovernmental Group on Earth Observations (GEO), supports satellite access at all stages of the disaster management cycle. It provides data from various satellites including Meteosat, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), Terra and SPOT to regional centres in Europe, Africa and Asia via a small receiving station.  Sentinel Asia and SERVIR are other major components of GEOSS. And GEO has done much to convince individual space agencies to release their data for free.  Emerging from a GEO ministerial summit in Cape Town late last year, NASA announced that it would make the full archive, and future data, from the Landsat satellites free.  The time is ripe for engaging developing country researchers and policymakers in remote sensing for disaster management. Data and software costs are plummeting, information communication technology is developing quickly, and tools such as Google Earth are starting to get policymakers enthused about satellite imagery.

HAZARDS , especially natural hazards are an inevitable occurrence which was never and will never be in control of humans. Humans can only try their best to prevent it becoming a DISASTER. REMOTE SENSING and GIS can play a very important role in this endeavour and hence preventing the loss of millions of innocent lives and billions of dollars of properties. Its highly prerogative that we must focus Remote Sensing methods more on mitigation and preparedness rather than rescue as it is rightly said “Prevention Is Better Than Cure”.

Applications of Remote Sensing to Disaster Management

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