Ways of the World is one of the most successful and innovative textbooks for world history. This 2-in-1 textbook and reader includes a brief-by-design narrative that is truly global and focuses on significant historical trends, themes, and developments in world history. Authors Robert W. Strayer, a pioneer in the world history movement with years of classroom experience, along with new co-author Eric W. Nelson, a popular and skilled teacher, provide a thoughtful and insightful synthesis that helps students see the big picture while teaching students to consider the evidence the way historians do. The third edition rolls out with Bedford/St. Martin's digital tools, including LearningCurve, an adaptive quizzing engine that garners over a 90% student satisfaction rate, and LaunchPad, the interactive e-book and course space that puts high quality easy-to-use assessment at your fingertips. Easy to integrate into your campus LMS, LaunchPadcements student understanding of the text while helping them make progress toward learning outcomes. It's the best content joined up with the best technology. Ways of the World is available in a number of affordable print and digital editions, including an edition without sources.

Table of Contents

NOTE: LaunchPad material that does not appear in the print book – including guided reading exercises, author features, LearningCurve adaptive quizzes, summative quizzes, and the Thinking through Sources primary source activities– has been indicated on this table of contents as shown. Each chapter in LaunchPad also comes with a wealth of additional documents, videos, key terms flashcards, map quizzes, timeline activities, and much more, all of which can be easily integrated and assigned.__

PrefaceVersions and SupplementsBrief ContentsContentsMapsFeaturesWorking with EvidencePrologue

PART ONE First Things First: Beginnings in History, to 500 B.C.E.The Big Picture Turning Points in Early World HistoryThe Emergence of HumankindThe Globalization of HumankindThe Revolution of Farming and HerdingThe Turning Point of CivilizationTime and World HistoryMapping Part One

1. FIRST PEOPLES; FIRST FARMERS: MOST OF HISTORY IN A SINGLE CHAPTER, TO 4000 B.C.E.Author Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadOut of Africa: First Migrations Into EurasiaInto AustraliaInto the AmericasInto the PacificThe Ways We WereThe First Human SocietiesEconomy and the EnvironmentThe Realm of the SpiritSettling Down: The Great TransitionBreakthroughs to AgricultureCommon PatternsVariationsThe Globalization of AgricultureTriumph and ResistanceThe Culture of AgricultureSocial Variation in the Age of AgriculturePastoral SocietiesAgricultural Village SocietiesChiefdomsAnother Voice PodcastLaunchPadReflections: The Uses of the PaleolithicSecond ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: Göbekli Tepe: Monumental Construction before AgricultureZooming In: Ishi, the Last of His PeopleChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurveLaunchPadSummative QuizLaunchPad

1. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE Stories of the Australian DreamtimeDocuments1.1 Understanding Creation: Yhi Brings Life to the World1.2 Understanding the Signifance of Animals: The Platypus1.3 Understanding Men and Women: The Man-Eater: The Mutjinga Myth1.4 Understanding Death: How Death Came: The Purukapali Myth

2. FIRST CIVILIZATIONS; CITIES, STATES, AND UNEQUAL SOCIETIES, 3500 B.C.E.–500 B.C.E.Author Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadSomething New: The Emergence of CivilizationsIntroducing the First CivilizationsThe Question of OriginsAn Urban RevolutionThe Erosion of EqualityHierarchies of ClassHierarchies of GenderPatriarchy in PracticeThe Rise of the StateCoercion and ConsentWriting and AccountingThe Grandeur of KingsComparing Mesopotamia and EgyptEnvironment and CultureCities and StatesInteraction and ExchangeAnother Voice Podcast LaunchPadReflections: “Civilization”: What’s in a Word?Second ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: Caral, a City of Norte ChicoZooming In: Paneb, an Egyptian TroublemakerChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurveLaunchPadSummative QuizLaunchPad

2. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES LaunchPad Social Life in the First CivilizationsSource 2.1: Law and Life in Ancient MesopotamiaSource 2.2: The Standard of UrSource 2.3: The Occupations of Old EgyptSource 2.4: The Social Relationships of Egyptian AgricultureSource 2.5: Social Life in Ancient ChinaSource 2.6: Socializing with Ancestors

PART TWO Second-Wave Civilizations in World History, 500 B.C.E.–500 C.E.The Big Picture After the First Civilizations: What Changed and What Didn’t?Continuities in CivilizationChanges in CivilizationMapping Part Two

3. STATE AND EMPIRE IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 500 B.C.E.–500 C.E.Author Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadEmpires and Civilizations in Collision: The Persians and the GreeksThe Persian EmpireThe GreeksCollision: The Greco-Persian WarsCollision: Alexander and the Hellenistic EraComparing Empires: Roman and ChineseRome: From City-State to EmpireChina: From Warring States to EmpireConsolidating the Roman and Chinese EmpiresThe Collapse of EmpiresAnother Voice Podcast LaunchPadIntermittent Empire: The Case of IndiaReflections: Enduring Legacies of Second-Wave EmpiresSecond ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: Trung Trac: Resisting the Chinese EmpireZooming In: The Kushan EmpireChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurveLaunchPadSummative QuizLaunchPad

3. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE Perceptions of Outsiders in the Ancient WorldDocuments3.1 A Greek Historian on Persia and Egypt: Herodotus, The Histories, Mid-Fifth Century B.C.E.3.2 A Roman Historian on the Germans: Tacitus, Germania, First Century C.E. 3.3 A Chinese Historian on the Xiongnu: Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian, ca. 100 B.C.E.

4. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE Representations of the BuddhaVisual Sources4.1 Footprints of the Buddha4.2 A Gandhara Buddha4.3 A Bodhisattva of Compassion: Avalokitesvara with a Thousand Arms 4.4 The Chinese Maitreya Buddha

5. SOCIETY AND INEQUALITY IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 500 B.C.E.–500 C.E.Author Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadSociety and the State in ChinaAn Elite of OfficialsThe Landlord ClassPeasantsMerchantsClass and Caste in IndiaCaste as VarnaCaste as JatiThe Functions of CasteSlavery: The Case of the Roman EmpireSlavery and CivilizationThe Making of Roman SlaveryAnother Voice Podcast LaunchPadComparing PatriarchiesA Changing Patriarchy: The Case of ChinaContrasting Patriarchies: Athens and SpartaReflections: What Changes? What Persists?Second ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: Ge Hong, a Chinese Scholar in Troubled TimesZooming In: The Spartacus Slave RevoltChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurveLaunchPadSummative QuizLaunchPad

5. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE Pompeii as a Window on the Roman WorldVisual Sources5.1 Terentius Neo and His Wife5.2 A Pompeii Banquet5.3 Scenes in a Pompeii Tavern5.4 A Domestic Shrine5.5 Mystery Religions: The Cult of Dionysus

5. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES LaunchPad Patriarchy and Women’s VoicesSource 5.1: A Greek Expression of PatriarchySource 5.2: An Indian Expression of PatriarchySource 5.3: A Chinese Woman’s Instructions to Her DaughtersSource 5.4: An Alternative to Patriarchy in IndiaSource 5.5: Roman Women in Protest

6. COMMONALITIES AND VARIATIONS: AFRICA, THE AMERICAS, AND PACIFIC OCEANIA 500 B.C.E.–1200 C.E.Author Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadContinental ComparisonsCivilizations of AfricaMeroë: Continuing a Nile Valley CivilizationAxum: The Making of a Christian KingdomAlong the Niger River: Cities without StatesAnother Voice Podcast LaunchPadCivilizations of MesoamericaThe Maya: Writing and WarfareTeotihuacán: The Americas’ Greatest CityCivilizations of the AndesChavín: A Pan-Andean Religious MovementMoche: A Civilization of the CoastWari and Tiwanaku: Empires of the InteriorAlternatives to CivilizationBantu Africa: Cultural Encounters and Social VariationNorth America: Ancestral Pueblo and the Mound BuildersPacific Oceania: Peoples of the SeaReflections: Deciding What’s Important: Balance in World HistorySecond ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: Piye, Kushite Conqueror of EgyptZooming In: The Lord of Sipan and the Lady of CaoChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurve LaunchPad Summative QuizLaunchPad

6. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE Axum and the WorldDocuments6.1 A Guidebook to the World of Indian Ocean Commerce: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, First Century C.E.6.2 The Making of an Axumite Empire: Inscription on a Stone Throne, Second or Third Century C.E.6.3 The Coming of Christianity to Axum: Rufinus, On the Evangelization of AbyssiniaLate Fourth Century C.E.6.4 Axum and the Gold Trade: Cosmas, The Christian Topography, Sixth Century C.E.

6. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES LaunchPad Art and the Maya EliteSource 6.1: Shield Jaguar and Lady Xok, A Royal Couple of YaxchilanSource 6.2: The Presentation of CaptivesSource 6.3: A Bloodletting RitualSource 6.4: The Ball GameSource 6.5: A Maya Ruler Relaxing

PART THREE An Age of Accelerating Connections, 500–1500The Big Picture Defining a MillenniumThird-Wave Civilizations: Something New, Something Old, Something BlendedThe Ties That Bind: Transregional Interaction in the Third-Wave EraMapping Part Three

7. COMMERCE AND CULTURE, 500–1500 Author Preview Video LaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadSilk Roads: Exchange across EurasiaThe Growth of the Silk RoadsGoods in TransitCultures in TransitDisease in TransitAnother Voice PodcastLaunchPadSea Roads: Exchange across the Indian OceanWeaving the Web of an Indian Ocean WorldSea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: Southeast AsiaSea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: East AfricaSand Roads: Exchange across the SaharaCommercial Beginnings in West AfricaGold, Salt, and Slaves: Trade and Empire in West AfricaAn American Network: Commerce and Connection in the Western HemisphereReflections: Economic Globalization — Ancient and ModernSecond ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: The Arabian CamelZooming In: Thorfinn Karlsefni, Viking Voyager Chapter Review [[√]] LearningCurveLaunchPadSummative QuizLaunchPad

7. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE Travelers’ Tales and ObservationsDocuments7.1 A Chinese Buddhist in India, A Biography of the Tripitaka Master, Seventh Century C.E.7.2 A European Christian in China: Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, 12997.3 A Moroccan Diplomat in West Africa: Leo Africanus, The History and Description of Africa, 1526

7. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES LaunchPad Life and Travel on the Silk RoadsSource 7.1: Dangers and Assistance on the Silk RoadsSource 7.2: Advice for MerchantsSource 7.3: Stopping at a CaravanseraiSource 7.4: Buddhism on the Silk RoadsSource 7.5: Christianity on the Silk RoadsSource 7.6: Letters from the Silk Road

8. CHINA AND THE WORLD: EAST ASIAN CONNECTIONS, 500–1300Author Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadTogether Again: The Reemergence of a Unified ChinaA “Golden Age” of Chinese AchievementWomen in the Song DynastyChina and the Northern Nomads: A Chinese World Order in the MakingThe Tribute System in TheoryThe Tribute System in PracticeCultural Influence across an Ecological FrontierCoping with China: Comparing Korea, Vietnam, and JapanKorea and ChinaVietnam and ChinaJapan and ChinaAnother Voice Podcast LaunchPadChina and the Eurasian World EconomySpillovers: China’s Impact on EurasiaOn the Receiving End: China as Economic BeneficiaryChina and BuddhismMaking Buddhism ChineseLosing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese BuddhismReflections: Why Do Things Change?Second ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: GunpowderZooming In: Izumi Shikibu, Japanese Poet and LoverChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurveLaunchPadSummative QuizLaunchPad

8. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE The Leisure Life of China’s Elites Visual Sources8.1 A Banquet with the Emperor8.2 At Table with the Empress8.3 A Literary Gathering 8.4 An Elite Night Party

8. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES LaunchPad The Making of Japanese CivilizationSource 8.1: Japanese Political IdealsSource 8.2: The Uniqueness of JapanSource 8.3: Social Life at CourtSource 8.4: Japanese Zen BuddhismSource 8.5: The Way of the WarriorSource 8.6: Samurai and the “Arts of Peace”

9. THE WORLDS OF ISLAM: AFRO-EURASIAN CONNECTIONS, 600–1500Author Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadThe Birth of a New ReligionThe Homeland of IslamThe Messenger and the MessageThe Transformation of ArabiaAnother Voice PodcastLaunchPadThe Making of an Arab EmpireWar, Conquest, and ToleranceConversionDivisions and ControversiesWomen and Men in Early IslamIslam and Cultural Encounter: A Four-Way ComparisonThe Case of IndiaThe Case of AnatoliaThe Case of West AfricaThe Case of SpainThe World of Islam as a New CivilizationNetworks of FaithNetworks of ExchangeReflections: Past and Present: Choosing Our HistorySecond ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: Mullah Nasruddin, the Wise Fool of IslamZooming In: Mansa Musa, West African Monarch and Muslim PilgrimChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurveLaunchPadSummative QuizLaunchPad

9. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE The Life of the Prophet Visual Sources9.1 Muhammad and the Archangel Gabriel9.2 The Night Journey of Muhammad9.3 The Battle at Badr9.4 The Destruction of the Idols

9. THINKING THROUGH SOURCESLaunchPadVoices of IslamSource 9.1: The Voice of AllahSource 9.2: The Voice of the Prophet MuhammadSource 9.3: The Voice of the LawSource 9.4: The Voice of the SufisSource 9.5: Islamic Practice in West AfricaSource 9.6: Men and Women

10. THE WORLDS OF CHRISTENDOM: CONTRACTION, EXPANSION, AND DIVISION, 500–1300Author Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadChristian Contraction in Asia and AfricaAsian ChristianityAfrican ChristianityByzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman PastThe Byzantine StateThe Byzantine Church and Christian DivergenceByzantium and the WorldThe Conversion of RussiaWestern Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman CollapsePolitical Life in Western EuropeSociety and the ChurchAccelerating Change in the WestEurope Outward Bound: The Crusading TraditionThe West in Comparative PerspectiveCatching UpPluralism in PoliticsReason and FaithAnother Voice Podcast LaunchPadReflections: Remembering and Forgetting: Continuity and Surprise in the Worlds of ChristendomSecond ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: 988 and the Conversion of RusZooming In: Cecilia Penifader, an English Peasant and Unmarried WomanChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurve LaunchPad Summative QuizLaunchPad

10. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE The Making of Christian Europe Documents10.1 The Conversion of Clovis: Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks, Late Sixth Century10.2 Advice on Dealing with “Pagans”: Pope Gregory, Advice to the English Church, 601 10.3 Charlemagne and the Saxons: Charlemagne, Capitulary on Saxony, 78510.4 and 10.5 The Persistence of Tradition: Willibald, Life of Boniface, ca. 760 C.E., and Leechbook, Tenth Century

10. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES LaunchPad The Crusades as Cultural EncounterSource 10.1: A Western Christian Perspective: Pope Urban IISource 10.2: Jewish Perspectives on the CrusadesSource 10.3: Muslim Perspectives on the CrusadesSource 10.4: Jerusalem and the CrusadesSource 10.5: A Byzantine Perspective on the CrusadesSource 10.6: More than Conflict

11. PASTORAL PEOPLES ON THE GLOBAL STAGE: THE MONGOL MOMENT, 1200–1500Author Preview Video LaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadLooking Back and Looking Around: The Long History of Pastoral Peoples The World of Pastoral SocietiesBefore the Mongols: Pastoralists in HistoryBreakout: The Mongol EmpireFrom Temujin to Chinggis Khan: The Rise of the Mongol EmpireExplaining the Mongol MomentAnother Voice Podcast LaunchPadEncountering the Mongols: Comparing Three CasesChina and the MongolsPersia and the MongolsRussia and the MongolsThe Mongol Empire as a Eurasian NetworkToward a World EconomyDiplomacy on a Eurasian ScaleCultural Exchange in the Mongol RealmThe Plague: An Afro-Eurasian PandemicReflections: Changing Images of Pastoral PeoplesSecond ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: A Mongol Failure: The Invasion of JapanZooming In: Khutulun, a Mongol Wrestler PrincessChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurveLaunchPadSummative QuizLaunchPad

11. WORKING WITH EVIDENCEPerspectives on the Mongols Documents11.1 Mongol History from a Mongol Source: The Secret History of the Mongols, ca. 124011.2 Chinggis Khan and Changchun: Chinggis Khan, Letter to Changchun, 121911.3 The Conquest of Bukhara: A Persian View: Juvaini, The History of the World Conqueror, 121911.4 A Russian View of the Mongols: The Chronicle of Novgorod, 123811.5 Mongol Women through European Eyes: William of Rubruck, Journey to the Land of the Mongols, ca. 1255

11. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES LaunchPad Living and Dying During the Black DeathSource 11.1: The Black Death in the Islamic WorldSource 11.2: The Black Death in Western EuropeSource 11.3: The Black Death in ByzantiumSource 11.4: Religious Responses in the Islamic WorldSource 11.5: Religious Responses in the Christian WorldSource 11.6: The Black Death and European JewsSource 11.7: A Government’s Response to the Plague

12. THE WORLDS OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURYAuthor Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadThe Shapes of Human CommunitiesPaleolithic Persistence: Australia and North AmericaAgricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the IroquoisPastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West AfricaCivilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and EuropeMing Dynasty ChinaEuropean Comparisons: State Building and Cultural RenewalEuropean Comparisons: Maritime VoyagingCivilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic WorldIn the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid EmpiresOn the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal EmpiresCivilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The AmericasThe Aztec EmpireThe Inca EmpireWebs of ConnectionA Preview of Coming Attractions: Looking Ahead to the Modern Era, 1500–2015 Another Voice Podcast LaunchPadReflections: What If? Chance and Contingency in World HistorySecond ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: Zheng He, China’s Non-Chinese AdmiralZooming In: 1453 in ConstantinopleChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurve LaunchPad Summative QuizLaunchPad

Robert W. Strayer

Robert W. Strayer (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin) brings wide experience in world history to the writing of Ways of the World. His teaching career began in Ethiopia where he taught high school world history for two years as part of the Peace Corps. At the university level, he taught African, Soviet, and world history for many years at the State University of New York-College at Brockport, where he received Chancellor's Awards for Excellence in Teaching and for Excellence in Scholarship. In 1998 he was visiting professor of world and Soviet history at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. Since moving to California in 2002, he has taught world history at the University of California, Santa Cruz; California State University, Monterey Bay; and Cabrillo College. He is a long-time member of the World History Association and served on its Executive Committee. He has also participated in various AP® World History gatherings, including two years as a reader. His publications include Kenya: Focus on Nationalism, The Making of Mission Communities in East Africa, The Making of the Modern World, Why Did the Soviet Union Collapse?, and The Communist Experiment.

Eric W. Nelson

Eric W. Nelson (D.Phil., Oxford University) is a professor of history at Missouri State University. He is an experienced teacher who has won a number of awards, including the Governor’s Award for Teaching Excellence in 2011 and the CASE and Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Professor of the Year Award for Missouri in 2012. He is currently Faculty Fellow for Engaged Learning, developing new ways to integrate in-class and online teaching environments. His publications include The Legacy of Iconoclasm: Religious War and the Relic Landscape of Tours, Blois and Vendôme, and The Jesuits and the Monarchy: Catholic Reform and Political Authority in France.

A truly global narrative with a built-in reader that helps students see the big picture

Ways of the World is one of the most successful and innovative textbooks for world history. This 2-in-1 textbook and reader includes a brief-by-design narrative that is truly global and focuses on significant historical trends, themes, and developments in world history. Authors Robert W. Strayer, a pioneer in the world history movement with years of classroom experience, along with new co-author Eric W. Nelson, a popular and skilled teacher, provide a thoughtful and insightful synthesis that helps students see the big picture while teaching students to consider the evidence the way historians do. The third edition rolls out with Bedford/St. Martin's digital tools, including LearningCurve, an adaptive quizzing engine that garners over a 90% student satisfaction rate, and LaunchPad, the interactive e-book and course space that puts high quality easy-to-use assessment at your fingertips. Easy to integrate into your campus LMS, LaunchPadcements student understanding of the text while helping them make progress toward learning outcomes. It's the best content joined up with the best technology. Ways of the World is available in a number of affordable print and digital editions, including an edition without sources.

E-book

Read online (or offline) with all the highlighting and notetaking tools you need to be successful in this course.

Table of Contents

NOTE: LaunchPad material that does not appear in the print book – including guided reading exercises, author features, LearningCurve adaptive quizzes, summative quizzes, and the Thinking through Sources primary source activities– has been indicated on this table of contents as shown. Each chapter in LaunchPad also comes with a wealth of additional documents, videos, key terms flashcards, map quizzes, timeline activities, and much more, all of which can be easily integrated and assigned.__

PrefaceVersions and SupplementsBrief ContentsContentsMapsFeaturesWorking with EvidencePrologue

PART ONE First Things First: Beginnings in History, to 500 B.C.E.The Big Picture Turning Points in Early World HistoryThe Emergence of HumankindThe Globalization of HumankindThe Revolution of Farming and HerdingThe Turning Point of CivilizationTime and World HistoryMapping Part One

1. FIRST PEOPLES; FIRST FARMERS: MOST OF HISTORY IN A SINGLE CHAPTER, TO 4000 B.C.E.Author Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadOut of Africa: First Migrations Into EurasiaInto AustraliaInto the AmericasInto the PacificThe Ways We WereThe First Human SocietiesEconomy and the EnvironmentThe Realm of the SpiritSettling Down: The Great TransitionBreakthroughs to AgricultureCommon PatternsVariationsThe Globalization of AgricultureTriumph and ResistanceThe Culture of AgricultureSocial Variation in the Age of AgriculturePastoral SocietiesAgricultural Village SocietiesChiefdomsAnother Voice PodcastLaunchPadReflections: The Uses of the PaleolithicSecond ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: Göbekli Tepe: Monumental Construction before AgricultureZooming In: Ishi, the Last of His PeopleChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurveLaunchPadSummative QuizLaunchPad

1. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE Stories of the Australian DreamtimeDocuments1.1 Understanding Creation: Yhi Brings Life to the World1.2 Understanding the Signifance of Animals: The Platypus1.3 Understanding Men and Women: The Man-Eater: The Mutjinga Myth1.4 Understanding Death: How Death Came: The Purukapali Myth

2. FIRST CIVILIZATIONS; CITIES, STATES, AND UNEQUAL SOCIETIES, 3500 B.C.E.–500 B.C.E.Author Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadSomething New: The Emergence of CivilizationsIntroducing the First CivilizationsThe Question of OriginsAn Urban RevolutionThe Erosion of EqualityHierarchies of ClassHierarchies of GenderPatriarchy in PracticeThe Rise of the StateCoercion and ConsentWriting and AccountingThe Grandeur of KingsComparing Mesopotamia and EgyptEnvironment and CultureCities and StatesInteraction and ExchangeAnother Voice Podcast LaunchPadReflections: “Civilization”: What’s in a Word?Second ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: Caral, a City of Norte ChicoZooming In: Paneb, an Egyptian TroublemakerChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurveLaunchPadSummative QuizLaunchPad

2. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES LaunchPad Social Life in the First CivilizationsSource 2.1: Law and Life in Ancient MesopotamiaSource 2.2: The Standard of UrSource 2.3: The Occupations of Old EgyptSource 2.4: The Social Relationships of Egyptian AgricultureSource 2.5: Social Life in Ancient ChinaSource 2.6: Socializing with Ancestors

PART TWO Second-Wave Civilizations in World History, 500 B.C.E.–500 C.E.The Big Picture After the First Civilizations: What Changed and What Didn’t?Continuities in CivilizationChanges in CivilizationMapping Part Two

3. STATE AND EMPIRE IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 500 B.C.E.–500 C.E.Author Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadEmpires and Civilizations in Collision: The Persians and the GreeksThe Persian EmpireThe GreeksCollision: The Greco-Persian WarsCollision: Alexander and the Hellenistic EraComparing Empires: Roman and ChineseRome: From City-State to EmpireChina: From Warring States to EmpireConsolidating the Roman and Chinese EmpiresThe Collapse of EmpiresAnother Voice Podcast LaunchPadIntermittent Empire: The Case of IndiaReflections: Enduring Legacies of Second-Wave EmpiresSecond ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: Trung Trac: Resisting the Chinese EmpireZooming In: The Kushan EmpireChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurveLaunchPadSummative QuizLaunchPad

3. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE Perceptions of Outsiders in the Ancient WorldDocuments3.1 A Greek Historian on Persia and Egypt: Herodotus, The Histories, Mid-Fifth Century B.C.E.3.2 A Roman Historian on the Germans: Tacitus, Germania, First Century C.E. 3.3 A Chinese Historian on the Xiongnu: Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian, ca. 100 B.C.E.

4. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE Representations of the BuddhaVisual Sources4.1 Footprints of the Buddha4.2 A Gandhara Buddha4.3 A Bodhisattva of Compassion: Avalokitesvara with a Thousand Arms 4.4 The Chinese Maitreya Buddha

5. SOCIETY AND INEQUALITY IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 500 B.C.E.–500 C.E.Author Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadSociety and the State in ChinaAn Elite of OfficialsThe Landlord ClassPeasantsMerchantsClass and Caste in IndiaCaste as VarnaCaste as JatiThe Functions of CasteSlavery: The Case of the Roman EmpireSlavery and CivilizationThe Making of Roman SlaveryAnother Voice Podcast LaunchPadComparing PatriarchiesA Changing Patriarchy: The Case of ChinaContrasting Patriarchies: Athens and SpartaReflections: What Changes? What Persists?Second ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: Ge Hong, a Chinese Scholar in Troubled TimesZooming In: The Spartacus Slave RevoltChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurveLaunchPadSummative QuizLaunchPad

5. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE Pompeii as a Window on the Roman WorldVisual Sources5.1 Terentius Neo and His Wife5.2 A Pompeii Banquet5.3 Scenes in a Pompeii Tavern5.4 A Domestic Shrine5.5 Mystery Religions: The Cult of Dionysus

5. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES LaunchPad Patriarchy and Women’s VoicesSource 5.1: A Greek Expression of PatriarchySource 5.2: An Indian Expression of PatriarchySource 5.3: A Chinese Woman’s Instructions to Her DaughtersSource 5.4: An Alternative to Patriarchy in IndiaSource 5.5: Roman Women in Protest

6. COMMONALITIES AND VARIATIONS: AFRICA, THE AMERICAS, AND PACIFIC OCEANIA 500 B.C.E.–1200 C.E.Author Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadContinental ComparisonsCivilizations of AfricaMeroë: Continuing a Nile Valley CivilizationAxum: The Making of a Christian KingdomAlong the Niger River: Cities without StatesAnother Voice Podcast LaunchPadCivilizations of MesoamericaThe Maya: Writing and WarfareTeotihuacán: The Americas’ Greatest CityCivilizations of the AndesChavín: A Pan-Andean Religious MovementMoche: A Civilization of the CoastWari and Tiwanaku: Empires of the InteriorAlternatives to CivilizationBantu Africa: Cultural Encounters and Social VariationNorth America: Ancestral Pueblo and the Mound BuildersPacific Oceania: Peoples of the SeaReflections: Deciding What’s Important: Balance in World HistorySecond ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: Piye, Kushite Conqueror of EgyptZooming In: The Lord of Sipan and the Lady of CaoChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurve LaunchPad Summative QuizLaunchPad

6. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE Axum and the WorldDocuments6.1 A Guidebook to the World of Indian Ocean Commerce: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, First Century C.E.6.2 The Making of an Axumite Empire: Inscription on a Stone Throne, Second or Third Century C.E.6.3 The Coming of Christianity to Axum: Rufinus, On the Evangelization of AbyssiniaLate Fourth Century C.E.6.4 Axum and the Gold Trade: Cosmas, The Christian Topography, Sixth Century C.E.

6. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES LaunchPad Art and the Maya EliteSource 6.1: Shield Jaguar and Lady Xok, A Royal Couple of YaxchilanSource 6.2: The Presentation of CaptivesSource 6.3: A Bloodletting RitualSource 6.4: The Ball GameSource 6.5: A Maya Ruler Relaxing

PART THREE An Age of Accelerating Connections, 500–1500The Big Picture Defining a MillenniumThird-Wave Civilizations: Something New, Something Old, Something BlendedThe Ties That Bind: Transregional Interaction in the Third-Wave EraMapping Part Three

7. COMMERCE AND CULTURE, 500–1500 Author Preview Video LaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadSilk Roads: Exchange across EurasiaThe Growth of the Silk RoadsGoods in TransitCultures in TransitDisease in TransitAnother Voice PodcastLaunchPadSea Roads: Exchange across the Indian OceanWeaving the Web of an Indian Ocean WorldSea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: Southeast AsiaSea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: East AfricaSand Roads: Exchange across the SaharaCommercial Beginnings in West AfricaGold, Salt, and Slaves: Trade and Empire in West AfricaAn American Network: Commerce and Connection in the Western HemisphereReflections: Economic Globalization — Ancient and ModernSecond ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: The Arabian CamelZooming In: Thorfinn Karlsefni, Viking Voyager Chapter Review [[√]] LearningCurveLaunchPadSummative QuizLaunchPad

7. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE Travelers’ Tales and ObservationsDocuments7.1 A Chinese Buddhist in India, A Biography of the Tripitaka Master, Seventh Century C.E.7.2 A European Christian in China: Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, 12997.3 A Moroccan Diplomat in West Africa: Leo Africanus, The History and Description of Africa, 1526

7. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES LaunchPad Life and Travel on the Silk RoadsSource 7.1: Dangers and Assistance on the Silk RoadsSource 7.2: Advice for MerchantsSource 7.3: Stopping at a CaravanseraiSource 7.4: Buddhism on the Silk RoadsSource 7.5: Christianity on the Silk RoadsSource 7.6: Letters from the Silk Road

8. CHINA AND THE WORLD: EAST ASIAN CONNECTIONS, 500–1300Author Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadTogether Again: The Reemergence of a Unified ChinaA “Golden Age” of Chinese AchievementWomen in the Song DynastyChina and the Northern Nomads: A Chinese World Order in the MakingThe Tribute System in TheoryThe Tribute System in PracticeCultural Influence across an Ecological FrontierCoping with China: Comparing Korea, Vietnam, and JapanKorea and ChinaVietnam and ChinaJapan and ChinaAnother Voice Podcast LaunchPadChina and the Eurasian World EconomySpillovers: China’s Impact on EurasiaOn the Receiving End: China as Economic BeneficiaryChina and BuddhismMaking Buddhism ChineseLosing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese BuddhismReflections: Why Do Things Change?Second ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: GunpowderZooming In: Izumi Shikibu, Japanese Poet and LoverChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurveLaunchPadSummative QuizLaunchPad

8. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE The Leisure Life of China’s Elites Visual Sources8.1 A Banquet with the Emperor8.2 At Table with the Empress8.3 A Literary Gathering 8.4 An Elite Night Party

8. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES LaunchPad The Making of Japanese CivilizationSource 8.1: Japanese Political IdealsSource 8.2: The Uniqueness of JapanSource 8.3: Social Life at CourtSource 8.4: Japanese Zen BuddhismSource 8.5: The Way of the WarriorSource 8.6: Samurai and the “Arts of Peace”

9. THE WORLDS OF ISLAM: AFRO-EURASIAN CONNECTIONS, 600–1500Author Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadThe Birth of a New ReligionThe Homeland of IslamThe Messenger and the MessageThe Transformation of ArabiaAnother Voice PodcastLaunchPadThe Making of an Arab EmpireWar, Conquest, and ToleranceConversionDivisions and ControversiesWomen and Men in Early IslamIslam and Cultural Encounter: A Four-Way ComparisonThe Case of IndiaThe Case of AnatoliaThe Case of West AfricaThe Case of SpainThe World of Islam as a New CivilizationNetworks of FaithNetworks of ExchangeReflections: Past and Present: Choosing Our HistorySecond ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: Mullah Nasruddin, the Wise Fool of IslamZooming In: Mansa Musa, West African Monarch and Muslim PilgrimChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurveLaunchPadSummative QuizLaunchPad

9. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE The Life of the Prophet Visual Sources9.1 Muhammad and the Archangel Gabriel9.2 The Night Journey of Muhammad9.3 The Battle at Badr9.4 The Destruction of the Idols

9. THINKING THROUGH SOURCESLaunchPadVoices of IslamSource 9.1: The Voice of AllahSource 9.2: The Voice of the Prophet MuhammadSource 9.3: The Voice of the LawSource 9.4: The Voice of the SufisSource 9.5: Islamic Practice in West AfricaSource 9.6: Men and Women

10. THE WORLDS OF CHRISTENDOM: CONTRACTION, EXPANSION, AND DIVISION, 500–1300Author Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadChristian Contraction in Asia and AfricaAsian ChristianityAfrican ChristianityByzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman PastThe Byzantine StateThe Byzantine Church and Christian DivergenceByzantium and the WorldThe Conversion of RussiaWestern Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman CollapsePolitical Life in Western EuropeSociety and the ChurchAccelerating Change in the WestEurope Outward Bound: The Crusading TraditionThe West in Comparative PerspectiveCatching UpPluralism in PoliticsReason and FaithAnother Voice Podcast LaunchPadReflections: Remembering and Forgetting: Continuity and Surprise in the Worlds of ChristendomSecond ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: 988 and the Conversion of RusZooming In: Cecilia Penifader, an English Peasant and Unmarried WomanChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurve LaunchPad Summative QuizLaunchPad

10. WORKING WITH EVIDENCE The Making of Christian Europe Documents10.1 The Conversion of Clovis: Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks, Late Sixth Century10.2 Advice on Dealing with “Pagans”: Pope Gregory, Advice to the English Church, 601 10.3 Charlemagne and the Saxons: Charlemagne, Capitulary on Saxony, 78510.4 and 10.5 The Persistence of Tradition: Willibald, Life of Boniface, ca. 760 C.E., and Leechbook, Tenth Century

10. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES LaunchPad The Crusades as Cultural EncounterSource 10.1: A Western Christian Perspective: Pope Urban IISource 10.2: Jewish Perspectives on the CrusadesSource 10.3: Muslim Perspectives on the CrusadesSource 10.4: Jerusalem and the CrusadesSource 10.5: A Byzantine Perspective on the CrusadesSource 10.6: More than Conflict

11. PASTORAL PEOPLES ON THE GLOBAL STAGE: THE MONGOL MOMENT, 1200–1500Author Preview Video LaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadLooking Back and Looking Around: The Long History of Pastoral Peoples The World of Pastoral SocietiesBefore the Mongols: Pastoralists in HistoryBreakout: The Mongol EmpireFrom Temujin to Chinggis Khan: The Rise of the Mongol EmpireExplaining the Mongol MomentAnother Voice Podcast LaunchPadEncountering the Mongols: Comparing Three CasesChina and the MongolsPersia and the MongolsRussia and the MongolsThe Mongol Empire as a Eurasian NetworkToward a World EconomyDiplomacy on a Eurasian ScaleCultural Exchange in the Mongol RealmThe Plague: An Afro-Eurasian PandemicReflections: Changing Images of Pastoral PeoplesSecond ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: A Mongol Failure: The Invasion of JapanZooming In: Khutulun, a Mongol Wrestler PrincessChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurveLaunchPadSummative QuizLaunchPad

11. WORKING WITH EVIDENCEPerspectives on the Mongols Documents11.1 Mongol History from a Mongol Source: The Secret History of the Mongols, ca. 124011.2 Chinggis Khan and Changchun: Chinggis Khan, Letter to Changchun, 121911.3 The Conquest of Bukhara: A Persian View: Juvaini, The History of the World Conqueror, 121911.4 A Russian View of the Mongols: The Chronicle of Novgorod, 123811.5 Mongol Women through European Eyes: William of Rubruck, Journey to the Land of the Mongols, ca. 1255

11. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES LaunchPad Living and Dying During the Black DeathSource 11.1: The Black Death in the Islamic WorldSource 11.2: The Black Death in Western EuropeSource 11.3: The Black Death in ByzantiumSource 11.4: Religious Responses in the Islamic WorldSource 11.5: Religious Responses in the Christian WorldSource 11.6: The Black Death and European JewsSource 11.7: A Government’s Response to the Plague

12. THE WORLDS OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURYAuthor Preview VideoLaunchPadGuided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadThe Shapes of Human CommunitiesPaleolithic Persistence: Australia and North AmericaAgricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the IroquoisPastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West AfricaCivilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and EuropeMing Dynasty ChinaEuropean Comparisons: State Building and Cultural RenewalEuropean Comparisons: Maritime VoyagingCivilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic WorldIn the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid EmpiresOn the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal EmpiresCivilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The AmericasThe Aztec EmpireThe Inca EmpireWebs of ConnectionA Preview of Coming Attractions: Looking Ahead to the Modern Era, 1500–2015 Another Voice Podcast LaunchPadReflections: What If? Chance and Contingency in World HistorySecond ThoughtsWhat’s the Significance?Big Picture QuestionsNext Steps: For Further StudyZooming In: Zheng He, China’s Non-Chinese AdmiralZooming In: 1453 in ConstantinopleChapter Review [[√]] LearningCurve LaunchPad Summative QuizLaunchPad

Robert W. Strayer

Robert W. Strayer (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin) brings wide experience in world history to the writing of Ways of the World. His teaching career began in Ethiopia where he taught high school world history for two years as part of the Peace Corps. At the university level, he taught African, Soviet, and world history for many years at the State University of New York-College at Brockport, where he received Chancellor's Awards for Excellence in Teaching and for Excellence in Scholarship. In 1998 he was visiting professor of world and Soviet history at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. Since moving to California in 2002, he has taught world history at the University of California, Santa Cruz; California State University, Monterey Bay; and Cabrillo College. He is a long-time member of the World History Association and served on its Executive Committee. He has also participated in various AP® World History gatherings, including two years as a reader. His publications include Kenya: Focus on Nationalism, The Making of Mission Communities in East Africa, The Making of the Modern World, Why Did the Soviet Union Collapse?, and The Communist Experiment.

Eric W. Nelson

Eric W. Nelson (D.Phil., Oxford University) is a professor of history at Missouri State University. He is an experienced teacher who has won a number of awards, including the Governor’s Award for Teaching Excellence in 2011 and the CASE and Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Professor of the Year Award for Missouri in 2012. He is currently Faculty Fellow for Engaged Learning, developing new ways to integrate in-class and online teaching environments. His publications include The Legacy of Iconoclasm: Religious War and the Relic Landscape of Tours, Blois and Vendôme, and The Jesuits and the Monarchy: Catholic Reform and Political Authority in France.