Focusing on the early twentieth-century Japanese Esperantist and popular celebrity writer Miyazawa
Kenji as an embodiment of a larger intellectual phenomenon of early twentieth century Japan, the essay delineates the scientific
world view behind the Esperanto movement and corresponding internal logic that developed in the language movement's foundational
years. It argues that Esperantism in Japan in its early years was not an isolated linguistic movement among a small number of leftist
intellectuals, but part of a much larger intellectual, cultural, and social movement that reflected the particular scientific
worldview of what I call 'anarchist science'. This worldview defied the conceptual bifurcations of 'modern vs. tradition' and
'nature vs. culture' in modern history. A history of its vision offers a fresh perspective on modern history, future visions of the
past, and the historical meanings of Esperantism.