Conducting bile duct cannulated rat study to understand metabolism and excretion pathways of NCE by using cold compound (which is not radio
labeled): In that case full metabolite profile is determined in bile, urine, plasma and feces samples.

Detection of circulating metabolites iReaction phenotyping of NCE by using recombinant cytochrome P450s and specific chemical inhibitors.
In some special cases reaction phenotyping is also done by using recombinant UGTs.