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Abstract

Fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (DOT) has attracted many attentions from the community of biomedical imaging, since it provides effective enhancement in imaging contrast. This modality is now rapidly evolving as a potential means of monitoring molecular events in small living organisms with help of molecule-specific contrast agents, referred to as fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT). FMT could greatly promote pathogenesis research, drug development, and therapeutic intervention. Although FMT in steady-state and frequency-domain modes have been heavily investigated, the extension to time-domain scheme is imminent for its several unique advantages over the others. By extending the previously developed generalized pulse spectrum technique for time-domain DOT, we propose a linear, featured-data image reconstruction algorithm for time-domain FMT that can simultaneously reconstruct both fluorescent yield and lifetime images of multiple fluorephores, and validate the methodology with simulated data.

Fig. 4. (a) Schematic of the phantom used for the evaluating spatial resolution of the algorithm, (b) reconstructed images for CCS=13 mm (top), 15 mm (middle) and 17 mm (bottom), respectively, and (c) profiles of the reconstructed yield and lifetime images along the X-axis.

Fig. 5. Investigation on the noise robustness of the algorithm by imaging the same phantom as in Fig. 4, with the CCS of the two target disks equals to 17 mm, for a varying SNR of 35 db (Top), 40 dB (Middle) and 45 dB (Bottom). (a) Reconstructed yield and lifetime images, and (b) their profiles along the X-axis.

Fig. 6. (a) Original and (b) reconstructed images of the two-component phantom with the fluorescence parameters listed in Table 3: The top row is for the first component and the bottom row for the second component in each sub-figure. The original (red) and reconstructed (green) profiles along X-axis are shown in (c) and (d) for Component 1 and Component 2 respectively.

Fig. 7. Effects of target size (a) and contrast (b) on the reconstruction quantitativeness. (a) Target contrast fixed at 3:1 for a varying radius; (b) Target radius fixed at 4 mm for varying contrast. The same phantom as in Fig. 4 is used with the target CCS=25 mm, and the results are shown for the peak values in the reconstructed images.