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Resolution 1540 (2004) and Civil SocietyResolution 1540 (2004) and Civil Society Dana Perkins, PhD 1540 Committee Expert UNSCR 1540 Civil Society Forum - Opportunities for Engagement Vienna, Austria, 8-10 January 2013 Hosted by the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs of Austria, in cooperation with the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs and organized by the Steering Committee of the Forum

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Bottom Line Up Front• Proliferation of WMDs and related materials can no longer be separated from transnational crime, illicit trafficking, corruption, and the violent and criminal consequences of globalization• Resolution 1540 (2004) is legally binding on all UN Member States but its effective implementation depends on international cooperation and taking “ownership” at the national level by all relevant stakeholders• The threat posed by extremist violent groups and individuals, trans- national criminal activities, and terrorism, gives all members of civil society a stake in 1540• Efficient and effective action will depend on a “whole of society” approach, with governments, industry, and civil society at large working together toward shared goals of capacity building, rule of law, and prevention of WMD proliferation and catastrophic violence by non- state actors

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The concept of “civil society” still befuddles many… http://www.pallimed.org/2011_06_01_archive.html

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"These three essential elements of a free nation - representative government,a well-functioning market, and civil society -- work like three legs of a stool.They lift and support nations as they reach for higher standards of progress andprosperity. ...Civil society undergirds both democratic governance and broad-based prosperity.“ --US Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton

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Opportunities for civil society in implementing resolution 1540 (2004)• Civil society could be the driver for strengthening national implementation by inter alia: o increasing awareness of 1540 obligations and The comprehensive review of The comprehensive review of existing gaps in Member States’ legislation and 2009 acknowledged the enforcement programs 2009 acknowledged the significant number of significant number of o National Action Plan needs measures that States have measures that States have o sharing “success stories”, and taken to implement taken to implement o participating in delivering assistance on capacity obligations under resolution obligations under resolution building with their respective governments 1540 (2004), but identified 1540 (2004), but identified some areas in which States some areas in which States• Civil society, academia, and industry could put have adopted fewer measures, have adopted fewer measures, forward ideas on how the 1540 Committee can such as biological weapons, such as biologicalweapons weapons, weapons more effectively contribute to implementing means of delivery, ,national means of delivery national resolution 1540 (2004), including by: control lists, ,access to related control lists access to related o analyzing its current tools and methods for their relevance and “user-friendliness”, materials and financing of materials and financing of o thematic outreach on specific areas identified by prohibited or illicit proliferation prohibited or illicit proliferation the 2009 Comprehensive review as “low activities -- S/2011/579 activities--- S/2011/579 - compliance” and o way forward toward the 2016 Comprehensive review

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Building capacity for global governance of technology and a culture of responsibility• Civil society, academia, and industry, have • Develop rosters of experts on issues a critical role to play in identifying related to 1540 implementation effective practices on implementing (including sub-rosters identified by resolution 1540 (2004) and technology specialization, e.g. nuclear, governance; chemical, biological, delivery systems, and related materials, legal and enforcement measures,• Regionally-customized educational and proliferation financing, etc). States training materials and programs on and the 1540 Committee could call resolution 1540 (2004), WMD non- proliferation, risk management, and upon these experts as needed. building a culture of responsibility, especially in countries where the formal • Civil society, academia, and industry education system lacks appropriate are better positioned than the resources, are important steps on (sometime slow and bureaucratic) promotion of dialogue and assistance; governmental institutions in pointing out relevant science and technology• developments that require policy Work to integrate training on resolution action in order to address not only 1540 into standard curricula in training the specific requirements of activities of IGOs, governmental resolution 1540 (2004) but also institutions (customs, military academies), complementary actions needed to and civil society (universities, industry address the whole spectrum of risk associations, etc);

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Resolution 1977 (2011)Through Resolution 1977(2011), the Security Council Upcoming Africa Guide torequested the 1540 Committee, UN Security Councilwith the support of the group Resolution 1540 (2004) byof experts, to identify effective the Institute of Security Studies (ISS) with the supportpractices, templates and Technical guides of the Royal Norwegianguidance, with a view toguidance Government emphasizing thedevelop a compilation, as well synergy and overlap ofas to consider preparing a internationaltechnical reference guide obligations, e.g. theabout resolution 1540 (2004), upcoming Nationalto be used by States on a Implementationvoluntary basis in Guide for the BWC, a project supported byimplementing resolution 1540 the European Joint(2004), and encouraged the Action in support of1540 Committee, at its the BWC, anddiscretion, to draw also on implemented byrelevant expertise, including, UNODA - Genevacivil society and the privatesector, with, as appropriate,sector http://www.vertic.org/media/assets/nim_docs/NIM%20Tools%20(Guides%20Handbooks)/UNSCR_1540_NIM_GUIDE_EN_aug_2012.pdftheir State’s consent

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Conclusion• The civil society, academia, and industry, have already demonstrated in many areas that they are important partners of the 1540 Committee in strengthening the global implementation of resolution 1540 (2004)• Opportunities still exist for building dialogue and understanding• The UNSCR 1540 Civil Society Forum - Opportunities for Engagement provides such a prospect for working together toward addressing the challenges of WMD proliferation, strengthening effective instruments of technology governance, and building a culture of responsibility, while promoting social and economic opportunity and ensuring the international peace and security

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“We live in an increasingly volatile andunpredictable world. One of the mostalarming aspects of the new global reality isthat capabilities once thought to beexclusively in the hands of states such asthe ability to inflict harm on a massive scalecould become more easily accessible tonon-state actors.”–Mr. Vuk Jeremić, President of the 67th Session of theUnited Nations General Assembly