Complete historical, chronological, and geographical American atlas being a guide to the history of North and South America,and the West Indies:...to the year 1822 according to the plan of Le Sage's atlas, and intennded as a companion to Lavoisne's improvemnt of that celebrated work.

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Jamaica lies about 30 leagues south of Cuba, and the same distance west
of St. Domingo, between 17 45', and 18 34 N. lat. and between 760 3', andHISTORICAL SKETCH, (Cntued.
780 33' W. long, It is of an oval form, about 150 miles long, and, on an
average, 40 broad, containing 6400 square miles, or 4,080,000 acres.
The inhabitants fought with great gallantry in a pitched battle at Passage-
fort; but the British, being regular troops, obtained the advantage, and en-
FACE OF THE COUNTY, SOL, AND PRODUCTIONS. tered St. Jago de la Vega, now Spanish town, sword in hand. Here they
renewed the scene of pillage and rapine, sparing nothing that could gratify
their avarice and ferocity; and, having plundered the town of every thing
A range of lofty mountains, called the Blue Mountains, runs through the valuable, they carried off the booty in their ships.
whole island, from east to west, and rises, in some of its most elevated I B Jamaica was finally conquered by the English during the administration
peaks, to the height of more than 7000 feet above the level of the sea. The o| Oliver Cromwell An armament had been fitted out for the conquest of
aspect of the country on the opposite sides of this range is widely differ- __n __ Hispaniola, but the fleet was badly equipped, and, the commanders being at
ent. On the north side of the island, the land rises from the shore into --- variance, the attempt proved abortive. Fearing, however, to return to
hills and swells, which are remarkable for their beauty, being all of gentle England without effecting e enterprise, they resolved to make an at-
acclivity, and commonly separated from each other by spacious vales, and temp on Jamaica, before the ihabitants could receive information of their
romantic rivulets. In proceeding towards the interior, the land becomes defeating Hspaola. The whole number of whites at this time in Jamaica,
more elevated, and is clothed with almost boundless forests; and, in the d ot exceed 1500 nd numberof negroes wasabout the same. The
centre of the island, it rises into lofty mountains, whose heads are lost in whites e represented b the English as destitute of the luxuries and re
the clouds. The southern front of the main ridge of the Blue Mountains,ements of life, and but a ttle removed in character beyond the natives
is generally rough and craggy ; but, in the descent on the south side, there wom they had exterminated. The truth of this representation may be
are several lower ridges running parallel with the principal one, the doubted. It was natural for the English to depreciate the character of the
summits of which are more round and smooth, and, at the foot of the lowest Spaniards, as their own detestable cruelty to this unfortunate people would
ridge, lie vast plains or savannahs, bounded only by the ocean, and display- I thus appear less strongly in relief. They obtained possession of the island
ing all the pride of the richest cultivation. A large portion of the soil in bytheir superior strength, and followed up their advantage with a barbarity
this island is unfit for cultivation. Out of 4,080,000 acres which the island button common m theistory an sh victories. They required the
contains, only about 2,000,000 have been granted to individuals, by patent settlers to deliver up their slaves and e ects, and to quit the island for ever.
from the crown, and even all these are not improved. In 1791, the lands- It was m vain that these remonstrated, and urged the ties by which they
in cultivation were distributed nearly as follows: were bound to the soil, and the cruelty of reduce them to beg in a for-
.. -- __--_ : .-.- -I .. z eign land. The conquerors were inexorable, and employed force to effect

chiefly unfit for cultivation, not on account of the barrenness of the soil, cm a dm t bdssisfed w h ation.e y I a sth
but principally on account of its mountainous situation. Indeed almost al ( R nEnis o ient t i Jamaica for e e osss
the waste land is c covered y strg gro ofuime. T h e uel a d w both from Great esire to the other colors becm the West Indes. Two
Actually cultivated whas a deep and very fertile soil. ca uses exited disconen t. s Wit the bimecaoe the ilter
Sugar, indigo, cotton, and coffee, are the most important k natualprd uc ey n had esoy le wtd e catu l e ofn the ioursyand t efse
ons of Jamaica. There are also various other vegetables cultivate theee to e the ationhea proving t

island, sucth as maize or Indian corn, which commonly produces two crops .it.wstbevstedTi an thef l gthans unceo suceh o the mn itf wesn
in the year, and sometimes three Guin the aous vario of t In anost ds of chances, m i tennis e ad t

tor November boate s d cano, abut ,, _i.ecooles. r m I B B "x A ; N t [e--- =hr, Atecengthe ne8 co mprom wit efdected. the assemS
those edible roots and pulse which are in use throughout Europe, thrive b coldind a sie thee i ctoeene b tfhe wese a te aprah
well in the mountainous parts. There are also excellent vegetables eofnte tropms-t, ondthain. H nit n i, aea thei their entrvmensue andcople
growth, which ar e d eemed fully equal to those ofonsequence of such as the ho- the ar the it
ncho, ora, Lima bean, and I ndian kale. The other indigenous productions ue Ath th e a the asse
are plantains, bananas, yams of several varieties, calalue, a species of spin- e the e asr o o eat o as
nage, eddoes, cassavi, and sweet potatoes. Fruits are found wcin equal per. f"aoieabuthsimor the stlmntebnl gbe omn the rsot
fection and variety, and no country s afford magnificen at s t ies seonrt ief andhe twei
the mountains are generally covered with extensive woods, containing excelled nto ance and enich united the the wcnaits of Jamaica re i the space
timbers, some of which are of prodigious growth and solidity, sxuch mnthe. ho e itora t olelf atha, in Jmi bac aie waeroes eo refde. The
letto, and bullythe reas. These are pof greatspei at a secenet n ares, and t O n of ter ons, of wo the firnos meaesuresu the ma puede e ti
they mostly sink in water. Many of those trees rise to a prodigious he ight, Tat the ret ar n thi n the island r the
Westndiandsubects.uHe onfAtetinued dtoyhey ofiest, and authoerire the
as dthe papaw and the palmeto royal, the landtter of which is frearquently fou ndect of o n c and ainasnsebyo ler en the byth popl e. aThs

CIVIL DIVISIONS AND POPULATION. Kint-ton is on the south coast of the island, 13 miles east by south of Spanish- The most important exports are suear, rum, the Iis mol Jadas a, that oae eeymet h epusi of ttihave and unh traed wse dteizns e
town, on the north side of a beautifwt harbour, in which vessels of the largest burden cocoa, cotton, indigo, pimento, and ginger. The amount of sugar exported, has gra- information of the nature of the c entry w ained. a hlaer 15 96, an to tcoldcatnd bleak ashoes of Noan Sotina, w Ere m an y oearied
The island is divided as follows : may anchor in safety. It was founded in 1693, after the destruction of Port Royal by dually increased from w h,000 hhds. in 1742, to 140,000, in 1802. In 1791, the coffee return from Veragua to Hispaniola, he iade d the si s aetinguwithi t- miser w eac sus restore d t Jamaic, hu with a volatio o
the shore, and rises, with a gradual ascent, to the foot of the Liguanea Mountains, a and, in 1807, to u8,500,000nbs. The whole value of the exports, in 1744, was 600,000o. suffered every variety of hardship. Aneere it up to illa otyieas aa rds, hoou and humanity sh asuit is the manknd ma never in
Counties. Totns. Parishes. Villages. distance of about six miles. This plain is covered with the country residences of the in 1810, 2,303,179Jk Theso wilue tne mountainss. were ib to thi enemies. Their obtainty and seinl