Mucuna pruriens: Research indicates that Mucuna pruriens improves sperm count, sperm viability and motility, and reduces morphological damage and the number of sperm with cytoplasmic remnants. May also help to reduce reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, loss of chromosomal integrity, and mitochondrial membrane permeability.

Ribose: Adequate ribose is essential for energy production, and the availability of ribose determines the rate at which these nucleotides can be made by the cells. Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) is a DNA repair enzyme which also plays a role in apoptosis. PARP is present in male germ cells, specifically during stage VII of spermatogenesis.