Midlothian is a city in northwest Ellis County, Texas, United States. It is the hub for the cement industry in North Texas as it is the home to three separate cement production facilities, as well as a steel mill. Midlothian is also a fast-growing community with a growth rate of 142% since 2000. The population was 18,037 at the 2010 census.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 98.1 km2 (37.9 sq mi), of which 37.7 square miles (98 km2) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) (0.50%) is water. Midlothian's extraterritorial jurisdiction includes another 33 square miles (85 km2).[citation needed]

In the early 1800s, settlements began to take place in the area that would one day become Ellis County; however, full colonization of this area was slow until 1843, when Sam Houston finalized peace treaties between several of the Indian inhabitants of the region and the Republic of Texas. The earliest Indian inhabitants of this area were the Tonkawa Indians, but other Indian tribes also hunted in this area including the Anadarkos, Bidias, Kickapoos,and the Wacos.

Tonkawa Chiefs

Kickapoo Indian

The future Ellis County area of the young Republic of Texas was known as the Peters Colony, named for a Louisville, Kentucky-based land grant company consisting of English and American investors. The young Republic empresario grant program encouraged settlements in North Texas in 1841. The few settlers who lived in this region trapped animals and sold their pelts, and would also trade goods with Indians. The majority of Ellis County’s original settlers came from the southern half of the United States. They arrived with their cultural and educational traditions, their methods of farming and care for farm animals and for a few their slaves.

Among the earliest settlers, in the area that would later become Midlothian included the families of William Alden Hawkins and Larkin Newton, who moved to the area in 1848. For Hawkins to claim his 640 acres of land from the Peters Colony group, he was required to build a house on the property he chose along the mouth of Waxahachie Creek before July 1, 1848. The structure was built before the required deadline and the land near the present day Hawkins Spring went to the Hawkin's family. For Larkin Newton, who moved his wife Mary and their eight children from Missouri, the same requirement was given. Larkin met the due date and became owner of his 640-acre claim.

Ellis County was officially established by the Texas legislature on December 20, 1849, on a bill sponsored by General Edward H. Tarrant, a popular Texas Ranger and Indian gunfighter during this period. Organized in February 1850, the County was carved out of Navarro County and likely named for Richard Ellis, the president of the Texas.

In 1883 the name ‘Midlothian’ was accepted by the local population. According to local legend, the area was named Midlothian when the Chicago, Texas, and Mexican Central railroads, which would eventually connect Dallas and Cleburne, arrived in the area and a homesick Scottish train engineer stated that the local countryside reminded him of his homeland in Scotland and the location served as the midpoint between Dallas and Cleburne, and between Ennis and Fort Worth. With the coming of the railroad, Midlothian grew and was incorporated in April 1888.[4]

There were 4,963 households out of which 46.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.1% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.1% were non-families. 15.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.26.

In the city, the population was spread out with 34.1% under the age of 19, 5.2% from 20 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.1 years. For every 100 females there were 96.6 males.

As of the 2000 census the median income for a household in the city was $49,464, and the median income for a family was $55,055. Males had a median income of $37,151 versus $27,209 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,329. About 4.4% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.2% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over.

The City of Midlothian was incorporated in 1888 and on October 1, 1980 the city was granted a home-rule charter. Midlothian uses a council-manager form of government. The City Council is composed of a mayor and six at-large council members elected by the citizenry.

Prior to 1929 and the Great Depression, a number of businesses flourished in the city. The two largest business enterprises centered around cotton and cattle-raising. The region was transformed in later years by the arrival of the cement industry. Midlothian became a prime area for cement quarrying due to the Austin Chalk Escarpment, a unique geological formation that runs north-south through the City. Three of the top ten largest cement factories in the United States operate in the city: Texas Industries (TXI), Holcim and Ash Grove. Gerdau Ameristeel, formerly Chaparral Steel, a large steel factory is adjacent to TXI's cement plant.

A large industrial park, Railport, is located along U.S. 67 on the southwestern side of the city. Railport is home to several distribution facilities including Target, Toys "R" Us, and QuikTrip.

The north side of the city is also host to MidTexas International Center’s Auto Park, a large automobile distribution and processing center; and Texas Central Business Lines, a rail transload facility.

Primary education for the community is provided by the Midlothian Independent School District (MISD) which encompasses an area of approximately 112 square miles. MISD conducts programs for Kindergarten through grade 12 and employs approximately 850 employees. MISD has nine school campuses (6 are elementary schools with grade K-5) with 461 teachers and an enrollment of 7,564 for the 2013-2013 school year. The student to teacher ratio is 16 to 1.

MISD students have historically excelled in a number of extracurricular activities. Midlothian High School, called the "Panthers", students have been awarded numerous times in Agricultural, Problem Solvers competitions, and high quality music organizations. The Midlothian High School baseball, soccer, and softball teams are often seen in the 4A playoff bracket. A $14,000,000 multi-purpose athletic stadium was constructed in 2006.

Higher education opportunities are also readily available in Midlothian. On April 25, 2012 the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board approved the establishment of a multi-institutional teaching center (MITC) in Midlothian known as the Midlothian Higher Education Center (MHEC). As one of only nine MITC's in Texas, the MHEC is a partnership consisting of Navarro College-Midlothian, Tarleton State University, Texas A&M University-Commerce and the University of North Texas-Dallas. The collaboration between the four institutions provide Ellis County area students the ability to complete baccalaureate and graduate degree programs at Navarro College's Midlothian Campus.

Midlothian is strategically located at the juncture of U.S. Highway 67 and U.S. Highway 287. The City's location provides easy access to an important ground transportation network consisting of interstates, U.S. highways and state highways that connect Dallas, Fort Worth, the Metroplex and the state.

Located three miles east of Midlothian is MidWay Regional Airport (JWY). Jointly operated by the cities of Midlothian and Waxahachie, MidWay Regional Airport is a 320-acre corporate and general aviation airport. It is a full-service FBO offering maintenance, repair, rental, sales, servicing, flight planning, computerized weather, UNICOM, RCO and AWOS. The airport opened in October 1992 to serve a rapidly growing area. An expansion project completed in January 2012 included a major terminal renovation.