Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see muscular atrophy, spinal) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (bulbar palsy, progressive), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)

Disorders of motor neurons which result in atrophy, fasciculation and fibrillations, spasticity, decreased muscle tone, loss of or overactive tendon reflexes, and abnormal extensor reflexes.