Table 3

Summary of associations between SDT predictors and exercise-related outcomes

%KSupporting associations

Predictors

# of Studies

K

+

-

0

Sum code

Exercise Regulations/Motivations

Intrinsic motivation

26 (22)

37 (24)

62 (92)

0 (0)

38 (8)

+

Integrated regulation

6 (3)

8 (4)

62 (75)

0 (0)

38 (25)

+

Identified regulation

27 (24)

38 (26)

74 (85)

2 (0)

24 (15)

+

Introjected regulation

26 (25)

37 (27)

30 (52)

5 (4)

65 (44)

0/+

External regulation

26 (24)

37 (26)

0 (0)

43 (23)

57 (77)

0/-

Amotivation

10 (11)

14 (13)

0 (0)

36 (69)

64(31)

0/-

Relative autonomy (e.g., RAI)

8 (13)

8 (12)

88 (83)

0 (0)

12 (17)

++

Autonomous regulations

10 (10)

11 (11)

91 (82)

0 (0)

9 (18)

++

Controlled regulations

4 (6)

5 (7)

0 (0)

60 (0)

40 (100)

0/-

Need-Supportive Climate

6 (11)

6 (11)

50 (73)

0 (0)

50 (27)

+

Psychological Needs in Exercise

Autonomy

4 (9)

5 (10)

20 (50)

20 (0)

60 (50)

0/+

Competence

8 (12)

9 (13)

56 (92)

0 (0)

44 (8)

+

Relatedness

4 (7)

4 (8)

0 (38)

0 (0)

100 (62)

0

Composite score*

0 (2)

0 (2)

0 (100)

0 (0)

0 (0)

?

Exercise Motives/Goals

Intrinsic

7 (5)

8 (8)

100 (75)

0 (0)

0 (25)

++

Health/fitness

6 (1)

6 (1)

33 (100*)

33 (0)

33 (0)

?

Body-related

7 (5)

8 (8)

25 (63)

25 (12)

50 (25)

0/+

Exercise Causality Orientations

Autonomy*

1 (1)

2 (1)

100 (100)

0 (0)

0 (0)

?

Controlling*

1 (1)

2 (1)

0 (0)

50 (100)

50 (0)

?

Impersonal*

1 (1)

2 (1)

0 (0)

100 (0)

0 (100)

?

Legend: Results derived from multivariate analyses and uni/bivariate analyses (in
parenthesis) are presented. K, number of samples. Positive (++) was used for percentage K ≥75% and (+) for percentage K between 50-75% for both bivariate and multivariate associations; 0/+ or 0/- when
the evidence was split between no association (0) and either positive or negative
associations, respectively; (?) for other results indicating inconsistent findings
or indeterminate results (i.e., when only a small number of studies were available,
marked with *).