L.D. Fedoseeva
The ways of punishment and encouragement of mountaineers at the height of the Caucasian War

The paper discloses the means that were used by imperial military authorities during the Caucasian War for punishment of rebels and for encouragement of peaceable mountaineers. The trade with mountaineers was considered from positions of their colonial policy. Imperial military authorities aspired to subordinate it to strong regulations, to the control and aggressive purposes.

L.V. Burykina
Peasants’ migration to the Northwest Caucasus in the post-reform period

The basic streams and scales of peasants’ migration to the Northwest Caucasus in the post-reform period are considered in the paper. The author analyzes the factors of migration, finds out administrative – legal conditions of resettlement of nonresidents to the region and reveals difficulties of adaptation of migrants in new natural-climatic conditions. The paper throws light upon the life-support system of settlements and the contribution of peasants – immigrants to the social and economic development of the Northwest Caucasus.

E.F. Krinko
Problems of spiritual development of the Soviet society during the Great Patriotic War: historiographic aspects

The paper is devoted to a historiography of spiritual development of the Soviet society during the Great Patriotic War. The behaviour of people in conditions of the war was defined by an original alloy of feelings and emotions among which the patriotic idea occupied the main place. Many inhabitants have apprehended a victory in the war as the private affair. At the same time not all citizens shared the principles of official ideology, and on the eve of the war a lot of dissatisfied was totaled in the country. The author analyzes specific features of the modern historiography of the subject and the prospects of its further development.

E.M. Malysheva
World Wars and local military conflicts in a history: consequences and lessons

The paper examines the problem of the origin of world wars and the military conflicts which have saddened mankind with huge amount of victims, with destruction of civilians, economy and subjects of material culture. The author shows how with each century scales and consequences of military conflicts are increased. Special attention is given to the 20th century that has cast mankind in abyss of two world wars. The author discloses irreversible demographic consequences of the Second World War, cites the data of losses of the states of the Western Europe, the USA, China and Japan. Data are given on participation of Russian soldiers and officers in military conflicts in Afghanistan, Mozambique, Angola, Algeria, Lebanon, Egypt, Northern Korea, Syria and Cuba. The author presents the analysis of the reasons and consequences of the origin of "hot points” after disintegration of the USSR, especially the Chechen military conflict. The paper is caution to politics, young generation, everyone on whom preservation of peace and the consent depends. It calls upon to remember those who were personification of fidelity to a duty and selfless service to Russia, as well as victims.

A.Sh. Buzarov
On some features of the activity of political elite in political processes in Russian society: statement of the problem

The paper discloses the concept "elite" and shows its influence on all social, economic and political processes occurring in life of Russia. The key, imperious and administrative resources of the country are concentrated in hands of elite at all levels – federal, regional and local. Simultaneously a decrease in political activity and in participation of the basic groups of the population in social, economic and political transformations of the country is examined.

Sciences of Law

E.M. Afamgotov
Administrative – legal status of the citizen of the Russian Federation

The study investigates the administrative – legal status of the citizen of the Russian Federation.
The citizen participates in administrative – legal relations of the Russian Federation. He speaks on behalf of his name, has a complex of rights, freedom and duties which are in correspondence with rights and duties of enforcement authorities and the officials assisting citizens in execution of their duties or carrying out the control for appropriate performance by them of their duties. Therefore realization of rights and freedom of citizens in sphere of the government requires more complete maintenance. The state bodies have a predominating role in relation to citizens and consequently it is necessary to transfer priority of a regulating role of the state bodies and officials on their duty on protection of rights and freedom of citizens.

The Institute of bankruptcy is one of the most claimed in enterprise legal relations. The legislator is greatly interested in it. During the past years three Laws were accepted (1992, 1998, 2002), however, conceptual problems have remained unsettled.

N.A. Petrovsky
Heuristic role of a method of analogy in modern criminal law

The paper presents the analysis of heuristic opportunities of a method of analogy in criminal law, in particular, during legal qualification of a crime. Significance of analogy in definition of various estimated concepts is shown.