While differences in word usage may
occur, hopefully this glossary will give an idea, to the new
author, of what some general terms mean. Terms marked with an asterisk (*) are
not generally used in our office. All other terms
are defined as used in our business plant and offices.

There are a few terms that are important to any writer as well as those who are
publishing their own work. These terms have been included here and others
may be found in the
Writer
Glossary

We have tried to list as much
publishing jargon as we can here. However, working with this
language every day, may have us overlooking some terminology. If
we can help you define other terms, let us know.

Absorbent Paper(see Paper): Covering a variety of
papers made for absorbing water and inks (degrees vary). Examples:
duplicating, filter, blotting and toweling papers.

*Acid Free Books (see
Archival): The use of this term varies from the logical
definition of the individual words to a wide variety of standards - always
have a company explain their definition. An acid free book depend on
internal (book materials) and external factors (chemical processes, environment,
etc.). See Also
Archival webpage.

Acid
Free (Paper) (see
pH Balanced): The use of this term varies from the logical
definition of the individual words to a wide variety of standards - always
have a company explain their definition. See Also Archival webpage. Having
no acidity and no residual acid-producing chemicals. Below is a definition from "Preserving Family Keepsakes Do's and Don'ts", Ilene
Chandler Miller, 1996:

"Any paper that contains an alkaline
(pH higher than 7 or an absence of acid) base and is often lignin-free."

Advanced Reading Copy (ARC): A sample publication produced with author/customer submitted
material. Many times this is in an alternate binding (or unbound with
small publications) than the main publishing. The reproduction process is
usually not the same as the main printing (100+) and therefore differences in
quality, text block placement, etc. may occur between the ARC and the published
book. For POD, however, this gives the customer the chance to see the
quality of photograph the supplied material will produce. Since Gregath
works mainly from submitted camera ready copy, an ARC is generally not
necessary. Our quality guarantee covers any
printer error (such as upside down photos) that may occasionally occur.

Adhesive binding:
Soft or hard type binding - most associated with perfect soft binding. Pages held together by adhesive/glue, rather than any
form or sewing or mechanical attachment (stapled). Block then attached to paper
(soft) or hard cover case.

Adhesive binding -
Double-Fan: Hard type binding. Pages held together by adhesive/glue, applied
first while binding edge is fanned in one direction, and second as finned in the
opposite direction - may be notched.Meets library binding standard: ANSI/NISO/LIB Z39.78

Against the Grain:
Folding, scoring, binding, or printing at right angles to the alignment of the
fibers of the paper.

Archival (Quality): The use of this term varies from the logical definition
of the individual words to a wide variety of standards - always have a
company explain their definition. See Also Archival webpage.Below is a definition from "Preserving Family Keepsakes Do's and Don'ts", Ilene
Chandler Miller, 1996:

"A term that suggests a material or
item is permanent, durable and chemically stable and therefore safe for the
preservation of our keepsakes."

Back/Backing (see
round):The
binding process of dispersing the swelling of the spine of a rounded text block
and shaping it into a shoulder on each side of the spine of a text block.Backing accommodates the thickness of the boards, and provides a hinge
along which they can swing freely.Backing also helps to prevent the spine of the text block from
collapsing into a concave shape over time. To accommodate this step, spine
must be soft strip.

*Backbone (see
spine): Center edge of a book perpendicular to and between
its covers.

*Backing up:
Printing a sheet after one side has already been printed.

Bar code: Symbol
capable of being read by an optical scanner. Generally placed on back cover
providing specific information about item.

Binding: Folded
sheets (signatures) or single leaves (pages) secured on one edge (spine) and
protected by a cover.

Binding Edge: Edge of
text block that is attached by
sewing or adhesive binding, etc.Binding Margin(inner, gutter, or back
margin):
Margin where
text block is attached: The distance between the binding edge of a
printed page and the text area.Bleed:
A printed image that extends beyond the trim edge of a sheet of paper
or cover.

*Blue
line:For Gregath use, see
ARC. Below is a definition from "The What Shall I Write
Handbook", Corrine Russell, 1992, that is a good addition to our ARC entry:

"Blue
lines are page proofs. They represent your last
chance to review copy looking for errors. Depending on the printing
process your printer uses, blue lines may be expensive to produce, and many
printers will not provide them unless you request them. If printers do
provide them, they may be expensive, so ask first. Blue lines may be a good
idea if you have a lot of photographs, for blue lines present your only
opportunity to see photographs in place. Check them carefully. Make
sure they are in the correct position, and that they are not upside down or
turned backward. Because blue lines are so expensive to produce, now is the
time to start editing and proofreading. Unless they are printer's errors,
changes made at this point cost you dearly."

BookBlock: Endpapers,
text block and all other materials
before hard or soft binding.

Bonded Leather: A hard binding material that is made by mixing
genuine leather fibers with an adhesive - bonding them into a viable cover
material that is then embossed to reproduce the original texture. Less durable
than genuine leather, it does retain it's distinct smell.

Camera Ready (hard
copy) Manuscript (mssc
or CRM): Basically "what you see is what you
get", printed on one side of the paper, it includes text,
artwork, documents, and spaces for photos. Any blemishes, coffee
stains, or copy machine "splatter" on the original will
be on the final copy (finished books). Please
note that all forms of reproduction from this manuscript will lose some clarity.

Check-in
(pre-press):
Procedure all manuscripts go through when they are received for
printing (optional for companion program) - photo pages,
pagination confirmed, margins
spot checked - includes general inspection for any unforeseen
factors that would affect cost or quality of book.

Chicago Screw
(brand name)/Post
Bound:
Soft type binding. Pages and cover stock are punched and plastic or metal screws (posts) are inserted to fasten
the book. Traditionally, books utilize a three hole pattern, but this may
be altered. Click here for more information.

Coated Paper:
Paper is traditionally coated on two sides and is broadly used for all types of printing,
included multicolor work. Lately, paper coated only on one side has become
available and widely used as an economical measure.

Collating: Pages
of a publication are printed singly, the required amount of copies at a
time. They are then arranged into the proper sequence (we request numerical order).
Alt: Gathering or arranging printed sheets or signatures into the desired
sequence, by hand or machine.

Comb Bound:
Soft type binding. Your pages and cover are punched and a plastic
comb secures the book at the spine. This is a favored cover for
cook books and the like because they lay virtually flat on their
own. Click here for more information.

Corners - Library: Each
corner of the cover material is folded at a 45-degree angle that permanently
affixes to the cover boards. All glued-off overhang shall be turned into the
case. Meets library binding standard: ANSI/NISO/LBI Z39.78

Corners - Traditional:
Overhang shall be cut away at a 45-degree angle at each corner. All head
and tale overhang shall be turned into the case, then the tip of the corner
tucked in before the fore and back edges are permanently adhered. Meets
library binding standard: ANSI/NISO/LBI Z39.78

Cover:
The outer part of any book. Covers are generally classified as hard or
soft. Type
of cover effects types of bindings possible.

Cover Plate (Artwork Engraving): A product necessary for the inclusion of special
artwork such as drawings, coats of arms, borders, etc. on the
front cover of a hard bound book. Also, more economical than per line
imprint for multi-line impressions and/or large orders.

Cross-Trained:
Employee familiar with most aspects of the printing process, has
experience with many physical processes and equipment
(plate maker, press, etc.).

Digital Printing: Many different
things are defined as digital printing. We feel the true definition is a
system where a computer is hooked directly to a printing press. Many times
this term is used for copy machine work both from computer file and hard copy.
We have a digital copy machine that prints directly from computer file -
see Print on Demand.

Dimensional Stability: The
degree to which paper retains its dimensions during applied stress or changes in
moisture content.

*Double Wire Binding:
Soft type of binding where spine of book consists of double wire loops threaded
through holes in book block. This method is more durable then spiral binding. See Coil/Spiral Binding

Drop Ship (marketing):
Within 48 hours of receiving an order, it is forwarded to
the Copyright holder, author, publisher, etc. (usually by
postal system). That person maintains all book inventory and controls
shipment. After they receive the order, they fill/ship it
within 10 days. Due to the many individuals and businesses
as well as different shipping
methods Gregath does not guarantee a specific carrier or class. If
the person has failed to inform Gregath as to an out of print status, a full refund is
issued for the unavailable book.See
Also Special Order

*Dummy: Rough
layout of how one envisions the final publication will look.

E-book (Electronic Book): Any book or manuscript
that is reproduced for distribution electronically on the
Internet or disk - 3½" floppy or compact (CD).
Click here for more information.

End Sheet(s) (*Leaf/*end papers): The element of a hardbound book that
consists of the "inside" of the covers and the first and last sheet of paper in
the book. The end sheets are adhered to the inside of the binding boards
and attach to the book via a double hinge that includes a sheet of paper.

Fold out (gate
fold):
Any included material in a book that is larger than the text page.
Inclusion in book, by definition, must be printed on oversized paper and
folded smaller than finished book size to allow for unfolding.

Foot
band/Headband (also header/footer or head/tail in binding):
A strip of embroidered cloth at the end (top/bottom) of the spine, extending beyond the book
block. Optional ALA element included in Gregath deluxe binding. Pictured at
right in maroon/gold.

Four (4)/Full Color Separation: Each
of the colors that make "full color" are separated in preparation to print
separately - these layers make up the full color printed item. A color
photograph is reproduced in the print media through this process.

Galley: A mock up of
the books layouts. This layout doesn't usually have final illustrations,
artwork, or photographs. Galleys are rarely included in basic prices. - See
ARC

*Gang Shoot(ing): Several
photographs to be included in the publication are placed together and half toned
at one time. While many printers do this by shooting any photo "as they
come" within the manuscript - this does not turn out well many times for very
light and very dark photos. This technique is often employed to reduce
cost of photo. Our new electronic half toning process eliminates this
need.

Gloss(y) paper: Paper that has been
coated on one or both sides during paper production. Some high gloss
papers glare, making them difficult to read. Additionally, gloss paper is
generally expensive and can not be offset printed.

Gripper Margin
(*Grip): Margin space that is needed to get the page through the press.
Strictly speaking the *Grip is space that cannot be printed upon, and is always
larger on one of the 4 edges of the paper. See Print Margin

Gutter Margin:
Margin on the "inside" of a printed book
page. When books are printed, the margin on the inside
is usually larger to allow for easy book handling. We assure
your gutter margin when making plates for printing, free of
charge.From: ANSI/NISO/LBI
STANDARD FOR LIBRARY BINDING - (inner margin, gutter margin, back margin)The distance between the binding edge of a printed page and the printed
area.

Halftone (pre-press): An
image taken from your photo that has a dot pattern laid on it (or made up of
dots) for
better reproduction. Without the correct dot pattern, the photo would
look like a bad copy machine copy (motley). Many of today's newer
copiers automatically lay a pattern, thus better copies.

Hard strip spine:For these hard covers, a hard strip
inlay is made from material that is the same
thickness as the front and back cover boards, with the inlay
slightly narrower than the text bulk. This creates a book with
"shoulders".

*Head:
The top, specifically the edge, of the book.

Headband/Footband
(also header/footer in binding terms):
A strip of embroidered cloth at the end (top/bottom) of the spine, extending beyond the book
block. Optional ALA element included in Gregath deluxe binding. Now available
as upgrade in color hard binding.
See also head/header in manuscript/text.

Hinge In: A paper or cloth strip may be adhered along
the binding edge of the a page, or pages, to be added after the book has been
bound, so that the strip extends beyond the binding edge. This can then be
"hinged" into a "finished" book by pasting up the part of the paper or cloth
strip that extends beyond the addition, and adhering the strip to the binding
edge of a sheet (or leaf) in the text block. This may also be used to
change a given published page: cut the page to be replaced out of the existing
book leaving as wide a bound paper strip as the binding margin will allow;
follow instructions as above or - trim the replacement page to fit the published
book (with extra paper to overlap bound strip); using an archival quality media,
attach replacement page to bound strip.

Hybrid Book: A traditionally published book that includes
electronic files on a movable format (CD, etc.).

Impression
Area: Printable area of a page minus margin area.

Inlay(back strip): A heavy but
flexible paper strip used to stiffen the spine of a finished book.

ISBN:International
Standard Book Number - assigned by various agencies world wide. A unique
10 (old) or 13 (new) digit number, used for inventory control by many book
sellers. The assignment of this number also places the title in "Books in
Print". http://www.isbn.org

Joint: The grooves that run top to bottom (head to tail) on the outside of the cover itself, front and back,
along which the boards hinge when they open.

Layout: A
written/graphic plan of how the completed book should come together and look.
A full layout includes all elements from page placement to binding, and beyond.

*Leaf Attachment:
How the pages of a text block are affixed together such as sewn by thread,
adhesive, or non-ANSI/NISO/LBI Standard: staples.

Library Binding Institute (LBI):The main trade associating representing the binding industry. They collaborated
with the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) to produce the
American National Standard fro library binding.

Line
Spacing: Actual space between lines of text characters on a page. The
standard computer default of "single" can be "squeezed" or "expanded" as space
allows.

Lining(super, mull, crash, and gauze):
Material used to reinforce spines of library bound books. This material is
a part of the end paper system and provides the means for a firm connection
between text block and cover, giving shape and firmness to the book.

Logo:
Usually the following text printed in four lines centered at the
bottom of the verso: Printed in the United States of America from author
submitted camera ready copy by: Gregath Company, Inc. P O BOX 505 - Wyandotte, OK 74370
http://www.gregathcompany.com.

Milling: The spines of books and periodicals can be
cut away on a milling machine to prepare them for oversewing. A machine
clamps the
text block, spine down, and
moves it over rotating blades, cutting away (grinding) approximately 1/8 inch of the
binding margin, allowing for a clean edge to bind. For
rebinding, this removes old adhesive, thread, and/or folds of
signatures. After milling, all
text blocks are
comprised of lose leaves.

Non-reproducible (color
- including some blue): Many times
referring to special light blue or red pencils (or specialty colors such as
lime and purple)that do not reproduce when put
through the printing process. Any mark produced by any means on paper that
will not reproduce may be considered "non-repro". If using a pencil, keep
the tip dull as sharp tips will crease the paper and the crease itself in some
cases will reproduce.

Notch/Notching
(may be used in perfect binding):
Parallel grooves cut into the spine
perpendicular to the binding edge. The depth and the distance between the
grooves can be adjusted to suit the size and weight of the
text block.
Notching (vs. not notching) increases the amount of surface area on the spine
that comes in contact with the adhesive and increases the strength of some type
bindings.

Offset Printing:
A photo-duplicate of each page - achieved through the use of a plate made from an the original.

Page Number:Whether numbered to the eye, or "unnumbered", each
page carries it's own number designation. Unnumbered pages may exist out of the
normal numbering scheme (12A, 12B, etc.), but still must be identified in some
way. A book that is numbered 144, 145, 147 should have a blank 146 and still
may need corrected.

Page Number (Electronic Manuscript):Number of page from the beginning of the manuscript. this
file page number, not manuscript page number. i.e. the last page of the book is
numbered 100, but there is a frontice piece and 8 alternately numbered pages
making the last electronic manuscript page number 110.

Plates:In printing, a plate is made from the original
manuscript page. The plate is then used on the offset press to re-produce the
page. In binding, a plate is made of any artwork for embossing
(stamping) covers, See Cover Plate.

Raw Material:
Term used to identify different formats of information such as
handwritten material, posters, bills of sale, certificates and documents, typed pages, etc. that are to be used in preparing a
camera ready manuscript.

Relative Humidity:
Ratio of water vapor in the air to the amount present at the same temperature if
the atmosphere were fully saturated. This effects durability and permanence.

Recycled Paper:
Paper that is half (50%) either pre-consumer
or post-consumer waste.

Road Map: A list or representation
of how different elements are to go together into a publication. For
instance: a photo list with page number/placement and/or pages copied with the
photos in place.See
Dummy

Round/Rounding (see
back):The
mechanical or manual manipulation of the spine of a
text block into a convex
shape (and the consequent manipulation of the fore edge into a concave shape).Rounding usually precedes backing.Rounding and backing help distribute the swell than naturally occurs with
sewing and adhesive binding.

Saddle Stitch:
Soft type binding where pages are printed four and folded
in the middle (spine) and stapled in the fold. Many program books
and most magazines are saddle stitched. Due to the paper being folded
as a spine, this works well with only small page count books.Click here for information web
page.

Sans Serif Type:See
Font-
Without serif.
Example: Arial.
Though uncluttered, the lack of serif separates the letters and words for the
reader.
See Serif

Screen/Screening:
Used in the halftone process to reduce continuous tones to a series of solid
dots (See Halftone). Also refers to shading a block
of text - many times in boxes or set apart.

Self Cover: Publications
that are softbound using a cover of the same material as the interior.
Self covers may or may not be self-mailers.

Self-Mailer: Publications
(Newsletter, marketing material, etc.) that design the mailing area
(space for return & delivery addresses, postage, etc.) into the outer cover
and are sealed closed for mailing - sans envelope. Please
note that self-mailers must still be packaged for international mail originating
within the United States.

*Sell Sheet (marketing):
Typically non-folded, printed one side including information about
the book and a drawing/photo of the cover of the book.

Serif Type:See
Font- Finishing strokes (usually horizontal) at the ends of letters. Examples:
times new
roman, alaska, etc.
Considered easiest to read as the serifs draw the eye along during reading.

Sheet(of paper):
A single leaf of paper comprised of 2 pages
(one on each side).

*Shoulder(joint,
ridge, flange): Formed when a text block is backed. During this process the
outermost leaves on both sides are bent out at 45 degrees along the binding
edge. The ridge that is formed by this process, on either side of the spine, is
the shoulder.

Side Sewing: Method of attaching *signatures or individual pages together by
sewing the entire text block, along the binding margin, in a single pass by
machine. Meets library binding standard: ANSI/NISO/LBI Z39.78

Signature
(*section or *gathering): Groups of individual pages printed together on a single sheet of paper at one time. Two or more
sheets of paper, stacked and folded one to (rarely) five
times to make a section. Signatures are commonly eight, sixteen or thirty-two
pages as a group. Generally signature
groups of 8, 16, or 32 pages are grouped together and used in the less durable Smythe sewn hard binding
method. This process doesn't allow for the high quality control of most
individual printed page systems.

Spine (backbone):
Side of the book where all the pages are secured together to the
binding - opposite the trim edge. It is the actual edge visible facing outward
when a book sits on the shelf. Center or back of book - surface usually
carries lettering (free on all hard bindings). Hardbound spines may be
square, hard strip or
soft strip.

Spiral/Coil Binding: Soft
type of binding by means of a spiral-twisted wire or plastic coil at spine.

Spot Color:
On a standard printed page, the use of colored ink to highlight
an area. The colored area is not very near or touching any other ink. If this
entry were printed it would have o
maroon spot color o.

Square hard cover
spine:This hard cover
uses an inlay which is of the same weight board
as the front and back case boards, but the spine is made 3/16" wider
than the text bulk. This creates a "square" look.

*Tail: The bottom edge of a leaf,
board, or bound volume; that is, the surface on which a volume rests when
shelved upright.

Tape and
Staple (*side stitch): Soft type binding where your pages may
be stitched or "stapled" down the spine and the edges
covered in tape. Click here for more information.

*Tear Sheet: Loose page from a book.
Also: photocopy of article that appears in print. Term originated when
actual publications were torn apart to send pages and articles to authors or as
marketing before modern copy machines made this not necessary.

Text
Block:
The pages/leaves of a book after they
have been bound together. A group of printed or written pages that may be or
have been bound, excluding all paper to be added by the bookbinder such as the
endpapers, etc.

Tip in: A
thin line of adhesive is applied along the edge of a paper/leaf (usually along the
binding edge), and the leaf is tipped onto another leaf (usually at the binding
edge).The openability of a tipped-in leaf will be somewhat restricted.

Title Page:
Generally the first page of a book (odd side), that contains at least the book
title, many times author and may include other things such as publish date,
publisher, brief text or quote, illustration, etc. Almost always the odd (front)
side of verso.

Three Hole
Punch (loose-leaf binding/drilling): Soft type binding. Pages are three hole punched to be placed in three ring or notebook
binders. Click here for more information.

Trim Edge (or Margin):
The edge of the page (leaf) or a board opposite from but parallel to, its
binding edge (i.e., opposite from its binding edge).

Trim Size (generally not in use with books):
Actual size of finished item, as in "trimmed down to". An 8½x11",
self cover publication generally has a trim size smaller
than 8½x11".

Turn-in: The covering material that is turned over the
outer edges of the binding boards and inlay. The turn-in protects the boards
and inlay from wear.

Two Sided Printing: Sheets of paper
that are printed on both sides. In books, a two sided printed sheet
contains two pages.

Two (or any other number)
Up: Number of page numbers that are printed on one side of
the paper at the press.

Uncoated: Paper with
no surface treatment; the printing surface is the stock itself.

Watermark: Mark
traditionally produced during paper production within the structure of the
paper. Digital watermarks
may be produced by applying a ghosted mark during the printing process to paper
or other media.