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Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is one of many North American white pine species (Pinus subgenus Strobus) susceptible to the fungal disease white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola). Blister rust has caused severe mortality (often reaching nearly 100 percent) in many stands of white bark pine north of 45Â° latitude in western North America. The rust is slowly...

Because of concern over widespread population declines, the distribution, stand conditions, and health of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Englem.) were evaluated along the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail on the Umpqua National Forest. Whitebark pine occurred on 76 percent of the survey transects. In general, whitebark pine was found in stands...

In the early 1930's several publications focused attention on the desirable characteristics of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L. ) growing in the Southern Appalachians. In 1932 Copea reported on the excellent growth of natural and planted stands and their relative freedom from blister rust and white pine weevil. After an extensive survey he...

Few insects that live on whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) are considered pests or potential pests. Those that inhabit cones can cause reductions in reproduction of the tree by destroying seed crops. Decreases in food for animals ranging from squirrels to grizzly bears may also result.

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is an ecologically important species in high-altitude areas of the western United States and Canada due to the habitat and food source it provides for Clarkâs nutcrackers, red squirrels, grizzly bears, and other animals. Whitebark pine stands have recently experienced high mortality due to wildfire, white pine blister rust, and a...

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests have been declining throughout their range in western North America from the combined effects of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks, fire exclusion policies, and the exotic disease white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola). Projected warming and drying trends in climate may exacerbate this decline;...

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) has the largest and most northerly distribution of any white pine (Subgenus Strobus) in North America, encompassing 18Â° latitude and 21Â° longitude in western mountains. Within this broad range, however, whitebark pine occurs within a narrow elevational zone, including upper subalpine and treeline forests, and functions...

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a long-lived tree inhabiting the upper subalpine forest and timberline zone on high mountains of Western North America. The species' habitat, life history, growth and yield, mortality factors, special uses, and genetics are described.

Whitebark pine is a critical component of subalpine ecosystems in western North America, where it contributes to biodiversity and ecosystem function and in some communities is considered a keystone species. Whitebark pine is undergoing rangewide population declines attributed to the combined effects of mountain pine beetle, white pine blister rust, and fire suppression...

White pine was once a very important part of the ecosysystem in the northern lake states. Turn of the century logging and wildfires removed white pine from many of the ecosystems of which it was an integral part. Early reforestation efforts were largely unsuccessful. The native white pine weevil and the exotic white pine blister rust made white pine establishment...

Extensive mortality of whitebark pine, beginning in the early to mid-2000s, occurred in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) of the western USA, primarily from mountain pine beetle but also from other threats such as white pine blister rust. The climatic drivers of this recent mortality and the potential for future whitebark pine mortality from mountain pine beetle...

White pine blister rust limits the reproduction of white pine in many areas by killing young trees. In other extensive areas unjustified fear of the disease limits white pine planting. An ability to differentiate the sites on which white pine blister rust (caused by Cronartium ribicola Fischer) might be serious from those on which the disease might...

A relict population of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) occurs at White Pine Hollow State Preserve in northeastern Iowa, USA. White pine was not self-replacing in our study plots here, and without disturbances that alter the successional trend the species will eventually disappear from the flat to rolling uplands where most pines currently occur...

Declining whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests have necessitated development of innovative methods to restore these ecologically valuable, high elevation ecosystems. We have began an extensive restoration study using prescribed fire and silvicultural cuttings to return native ecological processes to degenerating whitebark pine forests....

Whitebark pine is a keystone species in upper subalpine forests of the northern Rocky Mountains, Cascades, and Sierra Nevada that has been declining because of recent mountain pine beetle and exotic blister rust epidemics, coupled with advancing succession resulting from fire exclusion. Whitebark pine and Wilderness have a mutually beneficial relationship because 1)...

The Random Forests multiple regression tree was used to develop an empirically-based bioclimate model for the distribution of Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine) in western North America, latitudes 31Â° to 51Â° N and longitudes 102Â° to 125Â° W. Independent variables included 35 simple expressions of temperature and precipitation and their interactions....

From early to present-day outbreaks, white pine blister rust caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola, in combination with mountain pine beetle outbreaks and fire exclusion has caused ecosystem-wide effects for all five-needled pines (McDonald and Hoff 2001). To be successful, efforts to restore whitebark pine will require sound management decisions that incorporate an...

Major declines of whitebark pine forests throughout western North America from the combined effects of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks, fire exclusion policies, and the exotic disease white pine blister rust (WPBR) have spurred many restoration actions. However, projected future warming and drying may further exacerbate the speciesâ decline and...