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Abstract

The project considers language in Atlantic Europe ('AE'=Britain, Ireland, northwest France, western Iberia) from first metallurgy (c. 2900 BC) to Latin's arrival (Cádiz 206 BC, Ireland c. AD 400).CONTEXT. Many still believe that 'the Celts' spread from Iron Age central Europe (c. 750-100 BC) bringing Hallstatt and La Tène material culture and Celtic speech; so earlier eras further west are non-Celtic by definition. A previous AHRC project showed the inadequacy of this model to explain Hispano-Celtic. Cunliffe's work on maritime networks and Koch's on AE's first written language, Tartessian, led to a shared conclusion: Celtic probably evolved from Indo-European in AE during the Bronze Age. Data bearing on this problem has expanded explosively in recent years, but key research is divided by specialisms and languages (French, German, Portuguese, Spanish). A gulf separates archaeologists and linguists (who use effectively different languages even when speaking the same). Most researchers focus on one period and modern nation.There are compelling reasons to view Metal Age Atlantic Europe as a whole. When AE's pre-Roman languages come into view, most are Indo-European, the majority specifically Celtic. Shared types of prestige metalwork used similarly across AE define the Atlantic Bronze Age (c. 1250-750 BC): complex cultural packages (using exotic raw materials), ideas and technology spread and evolved along Atlantic routes from the 3rd millennium BC onwards. AIM: In an innovative initiative, a team of linguists and archaeologists will collaborate closely, sharing detailed evidence and methodologies, to overcome chronic barriers in Celtic Studies. The team will assemble a large body of archaeological and linguistic data bearing on the question of how, when, and where Proto-Celtic emerged from Indo-European. The evidence will in the first instance be compiled as an extensive GIS (Geographic Information Systems) project, combining: 1) pre-Roman language evidence in , contextualizing Celtic names and inscriptions in long temporal archaeological contexts; 2) evidence implying overseas contacts: a) international metalwork and ceramic types and their sites (burials, hoards, settlements, ritual sites); b) scientific evidence for mobility/geographic origin of materials and people; 3) 14C dates, isotope analysis, and ancient DNA.OUTPUTS. We will share the GIS project with partners. The National Library of Wales will host an online version from 2013 (to include Iron Age data from the earlier project), maintained to 2019. International archaeologists and linguists will meet in a workshop in 2013 and conferences in 2014 and 2015. Cunliffe and Koch will edit books based on these events to follow Celtic from the West (2010; 2012). Monograph topics will include: Copper- and Bronze-Age western Iberia by UW RF Gibson (2013); Hispano-Celtic (2015) and Proto-Celtic (2016) by Koch and UW RF Fernández; later Irish prehistory by AHRC RF1. A resource on 14C dates and Bronze Age metal sourcing will be created by AHRC RF2 Bray (2016). The team will co-author a popular illustrated 'Palaeo-Atlantic World' and Welsh version (2015). BENEFITS. Researchers habitually isolated by subject, discipline, and language will cross borders. The GIS project will provide a valuable multidisciplinary, multi-national resource, with open access in the website. We will use data and skills from private-sector archaeology, which in turn will benefit from innovative analysis by academics. Combining philology, heritage, academic and rescue archaeology will promote a rounded approach to the past, widening public access and opening career paths for specialists. Rethinking the history of the Celtic languages will challenge old ideas in the devolved regions. Celtic Studies is popular, but mass Celticism is haunted by passé Romanticism and imagined nations. A fresh approach as 'Palaeo-Atlantic studies' will spur interest and foster constructive new directions.

Planned Impact

The project will cross boundaries between disciplines and countries, building competitive international expertise in UK universities, with unprecedented networking and career-development opportunities. As well as seeking to overcome intellectual isolation of researchers working on facets of Atlantic Europe in the Metal Ages (c. 2900 BC-AD 400), our method will work against career barriers and require diverse specialists to share skills.

Outside universities the project will benefit three sectors: commercial archaeology, heritage and language policy (Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Irish). An online bulletin (2013-16) will target international policy makers in heritage and language, curators, commercial-archaeology managers, and university researchers. It will provide primary information (with Portuguese, Spanish, French, and German summaries), as a gateway to the project's GIS database, website, conferences, and print publications.

The proliferation of recent data from commercial archaeology will be a principal source for information forming the project's GIS research core. The return will be an interactive resource of comparable data embracing AE over the 3rd-1st millennia BC. The interaction of commercial archaeologists and university-based researchers will help to fill an interpretative gap that has held back developer-led archaeology to date. Multiple modes of interrogation will be possible, including two approaches to archaeology and language: 1) identifying finds implying long-range mobility and shared cultural information; 2) extended analysis of the archaeological contexts of ancient evidence for indigenous languages.

With focuses on metal and ceramic artefacts and inscriptions on stone, the project's GIS database, website, and publications will be sources of up-to-date and internationally standardized information for thousands of objects held in provincial and national museums across Europe, as well as new interpretative modes to suggest how the material can (and cannot) be related to language and literature.

The partnerships with the National Museum and Royal Commission represent substantial synergies and sharing of agendas with the heritage sector, including interpretation of new and extant finds within an international context and their innovative presentation to the public. The project's focus on international artefact types and inscriptions in multi-period landscapes will offer new impetus and perspectives to initiatives of the Commission, such as the surveying of prehistoric monuments, uplands archaeology, and 'the Welsh Way of Death' (funerary traditions).

For the survival of indigenous languages in the devolved regions, numbers of speakers are symptomatic, but the central challenge is the relevance of Welsh, etc., to 21st-century life. Long claiming antiquity as 'Celtic', the relevance of these languages to later prehistory, in Europe, the UK, and their own national regions, is now at risk: Celticity is a disputed concept and widely held to exclude the Bronze and Megalithic Ages. The project offers a new approach, relating ancient Atlantic Europe directly to its indigenous languages without recourse to 18th-century Romanticism or a detour to the Iron Age Alpine Zone. Language policy makers (who are among our target audience) will benefit from links to heritage credibly based on current research and freed from Celticism's obsolete constructs. The work of the project and PI Koch featured this year in the BBC Story of Wales series (with Huw Edwards) and subsidiary television and radio programmes. We shall highlight potential for drawing Welsh and Gaelic into cultural tourism, expanding their established literary and folk-life domains. A Welsh version of a book on ancient Atlantic Europe (including pros and cons of the Atlantic Origins hypothesis as illuminated by the project) will be launched at the National Eisteddfod in 2015.

The thousands of detailed entries put into the AEMA database permit a much fuller understanding of the sharing of ideas, values, and complex information in regions along Europe's Atlantic Façade (Britain, Ireland, north-west France, and the western Iberian Peninsula) during the Copper Age and Bronze Age (c. 2800-800 BC). This fuller picture strengthens the case for cultural unity and continuity across this region at the stage before closely related Ancient Celtic languages were first attested in all parts of it. During the subsequent Iron Age (c. 800 BC to Roman times), Europe's Atlantic Façade is more culturally fragmented, with the Iberian Peninsula never fully participating in the Hallstatt and La Tène material culture characteristic of western Europe north of the Pyrenees. Therefore, the hypothesis that the Celtic languages of the region reflect a shared cultural legacy from the Bronze Age continues to look strong on the basis of the evidence collected and placed within a comparative framework. The research has also illuminated aspects of continuity in metalwork and burial practice between the Beaker phenomenon of Atlantic region in the 3rd millennium BC and the Atlantic Late Bronze Age of c. 1300-800 BC. The compiled evidence also demonstrates continuity over several centuries of prehistoric anthropomorphic stelae in south-western Europe forming the background for the earliest indigenous written language in the region beginning in the Early Iron Age (by the 7th century BC).

Exploitation Route

The findings of the AHRC-funded AEMA Project can be seen as favouring circumstantially the hypothesis we were testing, i.e. that Proto-Indo-European reached first reached Atlantic Europe and that the Celtic then emerged in the west before the Bronze-Iron Transition. During the period of the research (2013-2016) exciting breakthroughs have occurred in the study of Ancient DNA. We expect that it will soon be possible to confirm or modify the Atlantic Celtic hypothesis by comparing the archaeological and linguistic evidence we have compiled with aDNA from the same areas and eras and, in some instances, making use of human remains from the very same sites as now compiled in the AEMA Project's database and open-access website. We are already collaborating with archaeogeneticists in the UK and overseas on new multidisciplinary research.Another area in which we expect future research to develop from the AEMA Project is in the study of rock art and inscribed stelae of western Europe in later prehistory. Our project focused on the Atlantic Façade, but found close similarities to rock art of Scandinavia dating from the same period. The similarities are close enough to imply direct contact and long-distance mobility, a conclusion also supported by the chemical provenancing of metals undertaken as part of AEMA. There is now considerable interest in promoting a collaborative effort involving researchers from the UK, Scandinavia, Portugal, and Spain. In the past, detailed comparisons of the carved stones have been hindered by their immobility (or near immobility) and the practical limitations imposed by fieldwork and conventional 2-dimensional images. In the near future, however, it will be possible to compare immovable objects separated by great distances in the form of digitized 3D scans downloaded to a single system. Such a project will allow researchers to compare the carved stones in detail as fine as or finer than could be achieved through fieldwork, and making side-by-side comparison of objects that remain in protected settings physically far apart.

Members of the AEMA Project research team have been involved with presenting new ideas about Celtic origins to the public. This work includes consulting with staff members of the British Museum and National Museum of Scotland concerning the Celtic exhibition being shown at those venues in 2015-2016. As part of the same exhibition, Co-I Cunliffe and PI Koch were amongst the panel of six discussing Celtic origins at the BM in October 2015. Cunliffe and Koch also consulted concerning project findings with BBC television concerning a 3-part series on the Celts broadcast in 2015, for which Koch was filmed on location in Portugal for the first programme. The project research figures in the BBC Celts series book (Alice Roberts, Celts: Search for a Civilization). Koch discussed the research of the AEMA Project on a segment of the Making History on BBC Radio 3. Koch consulted with the producers of the DNA Cymru series for Welsh-language concerning the AEMA Project's research on Beaker-period networks along the Atlantic seaways; he was filmed on location at a prehistoric copper mine in West Wales. Led by Co-I Cunliffe, the research team are presently completing a book concerning Celtic origins aimed at a non-specialist readership.

New methodologies in archaeological fieldwork for recovering human remains for ancient DNA analysis

Geographic Reach

Asia

Policy Influence Type

Influenced training of practitioners or researchers

Impact

It is only recently that ancient DNA analysis has been employed in archaeological research. Collecting ancient DNA can be fraught with challenges which includes contamination with modern DNA. By informing and advising archaeological companies about the best fieldwork practices to adopt when recovering and processing ancient human remains is having a significant impact in improving the quality and quantity of data available for future analysis. Ancient DNA analysis has the potential to provide a wealth of information about genetic changes, the origins and spread of disease, and human susceptibility and immunity. Educating archaeologists to undertake more controlled field practices will help provide a valuable uncontaminated resource for this important field of study.

Title

AEMA database

Description

The AHRC-funded Atlantic Europe in the Metal Ages (AEMA) project has an online database: www.aemap.ac.uk. It will continue to grow over the life of the project. It contains searchable archaeological and historical linguistic evidence from the Atlantic region: Britain, Ireland, Armorica, Portugal, and western Spain.

Type Of Material

Database/Collection of data

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

We expect more in the coming months and years. Non-specialist participants at conferences have mentioned it.

A comprehensive database of chemical composition data, collected over the last 100 years from prehistoric European copper-alloy artefacts

Type Of Material

Database/Collection of data

Year Produced

2013

Provided To Others?

Yes

Impact

Continued collaboration with a wide range of international researchers

Title

GIS Database

Description

GIS Database of (1) Bronze Age burials and hoards, mainly in Britain, Ireland, northwest France and western Iberia and (2) ogam inscriptions in Ireland and Britain.

Type Of Material

Database/Collection of data

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

Facilitates spatial and chronological mapping with a detailed searchable capacity. Used to inform conference presentations and papers.

Title

HISPANO-CELTIC VOCABULARY

Description

Multiple-search database with GIS georreference

Type Of Material

Database/Collection of data

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

Better search and classification of material

Title

New database for Atlantic Europe and the Metal Ages

Description

New multi-stranded open-source GIS driven database for collating large quantities of 'themed' data sets pertaining to the Atlantic Bronze and Iron Ages and later periods (c. 2800BC-AD500). Brings together disparate datasets (archaeological, linguistic and historical) to facilitate querying at many levels, both temporal and spatial.

Type Of Material

Database/Collection of data

Year Produced

2013

Provided To Others?

Yes

Impact

Once updated and all data for the project has been entered, this open-source database will be freely accessible to all interested academic researchers in archaeology and palaeo-linguistics. It will also be available to non-academics and general-interest groups through the project website and ADS, and thus will exist long beyond the lifespan of the project. It brings together large disparate datasets for the first time and allows analysis of data that are rarely considered together. It will also provide a model for future databases and will thus help promote consistency in further data collation and subsequent analysis.

New data analysis and archaeological model for understanding metal exchange, reuse, and recycling in antiquity. A universal model which considers copper source, alloying, technology and social context

Type Of Material

Data analysis technique

Year Produced

2013

Provided To Others?

Yes

Impact

Series of conference presentations, papers, and discussions. Future funding applications to National and trans-national bodies are planned.

Title

New model for linking lead isotope ratios and chemical composition with technological interpretations

Description

As part of the AEMA project, this model is an new approach to linking lead isotope ratios datasets with chemical composition data. This new data analysis approach allows clearer and more plausible interpretations of copper-allloy metal use, exchange and production. This has implications for scientific approaches to metal use from all archaeological periods and regions.

Type Of Material

Data analysis technique

Year Produced

2015

Provided To Others?

Yes

Impact

This research has been published in the peer reviewed journal 'Archaeometry' and has been discussed at a series of international and national conferences. Discussions are ongoing about further collaborations to further develop this model.

Title

Personal names from Celtic Inscribed Artefacts of the British Isles in the Early Medieval Period

Description

Georreferenced database, multiple search

Type Of Material

Database/Collection of data

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

Collection and analysis of material

Description

Cross-collaboration on ambitious aDNA projects

Organisation

University of Huddersfield

Department

Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences

Country

United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland (UK)

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

I have helped to establish networks of interaction and advise on the archaeological potential of ancient human and animal remains from Late Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in Britain and Iberia

Collaborator Contribution

By combining resources (archaeology, isotope analysis and ancient DNA) a much fuller understanding of the nature of past interaction and movement of the past. At present, much of the aDNA analysis is on-going but they will have a significant impact on this research in the future

A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Media (as a channel to the public)

Results

Barry Cunliffe and I discussed the ideas motivating the AHRC-funded project with the presenters of the Making History radio programme on Radio 4. Barry Cunliffe was interviewed in London. I was interviewed on a prehistoric fortification in Gwynedd, North Wales.

Impact

Barry Cunliffe and I have subsequently been advising on 3-part television series on the Celts being developed for BBC1 television.

Paper titled 'Beaker to Early Bronze Age burial in Atlantic Europe: questions of shared ideologies?' presented with colleague C. Gibson at 'Beaker People, Archaeogenetics, and Celtic Origins' conference in Aberystwyth.

Year(s) Of Dissemination

2015

Description

British Museum panel discussion

Form Of Dissemination

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results

This was a panel discussion chaired by Sir Barry Cunliffe entitled 'In search of the Celts: beyond art, language and genetics' organized to coincide with the British Museum's exhibition on "The Celts."

This was a joint paper (with Dr Kerri Cleary) discussing results from the Atlantic Europe and the Metal Ages project to the wider European Bronze Age community. We presented a paper on 'Competing or complementary burial practices in Beaker- Early Bronze Age Atlantic Europe?'. We also formally launched the project database which contains tens of thousands of data that can be queried thematically through an open-source GIS platform (Django/Mezzanine).

Year(s) Of Dissemination

2015

Description

Bronze Age Forum conference

Form Of Dissemination

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results

Paper titled 'Competing or complementary burial rites in Beaker to Early Bronze Age Atlantic Europe? ' presented with colleague, C. Gibson at the Bronze Age Forum in Exeter. AEMA project GIS database also demonstrated to conference participants during presentation and conference tea/coffee breaks.

Year(s) Of Dissemination

2015

Description

Bronze Age Forum, Queen's University Belfast

Form Of Dissemination

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

Yes

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results

Professional archaeologists (some from the Continent and North America), scientists, and interested members of the public from the UK and Irish Republic attended.

Impact

A paper describing the AHRC-funded project will be published in the conference proceedings. Contacts were established with commercial archaeologists and amateur archaeological societies.

The series of Celto-Slavica conferences moves between countries and is attended by professionals researchers from eastern Europe interested in Celtic studies and researchers from the West interested in international research in the field.

Co-organisation of a session at the European Association of Archaeologists (Glasgow)

Form Of Dissemination

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results

This session on mobility and identifying different scales of movement in the archaeological record was aimed at challenging our current interpretations on connectivity and interaction in the past. It sparked a great deal of debate and will result in a publication of the papers in an edited volume.

An talk to a PostGraduate conference of archaeologists, on our ongoing AEMA project. Leading to further discussions and supervision of University projects.

Year(s) Of Dissemination

2015

Description

Conference Presentation: National Library of Wales and Aberystwyth University

Form Of Dissemination

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results

As part of the AEMA project's annual conference I presented on linking the chemical datasets of Bronze Age copper alloys, gold work and Geographcial Information Systems analysis. This lead to further debate and closer collaboration within the workgroup

Year(s) Of Dissemination

2015

Description

Conference Presentation: Society for American Archaeology Meeting, San Francisco

Form Of Dissemination

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results

A presentation as part of a conference session on new approaches to investigating prehistoric technology, in which I talked about the AEMA project. This lead to further discussion and collaboration.

Year(s) Of Dissemination

2015

Description

Conference Session Organised: Social implications of recycling: European Association of Archaeologists meeting, Glasgow

Form Of Dissemination

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results

With colleagues from the Universities of Leicester, Leuven, and Bordeux I organised a session at the annual international EAA conference. Within this session, which I chaired, I also presented results from the AEMA project. Overall, the main result was changing people's views on this topic, along with several requests for further information and collaboration

Year(s) Of Dissemination

2015

Description

Conference presentation at European Association of Archaeologists (Glasgow)

Form Of Dissemination

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results

Presentation of a paper on mobility and using theory, data and GIS modelling to offer new ways to interpret concepts of movement in the past. Between 50 and 100 people attended the session and it led to much discussion and debate and future developments including publication of the papers in the session

Forum organised as part of the Atlantic Europe and Metal Ages project on 'Beaker People, Archaeogenetics and Celtic Origins' ; part of a multi-disciplinary programme to explore connections between archaeology, philology and genetics

All-day session at conference with associated discussion, attended by approximately 100 people.

Impact

Requested contribution to publication based on presentations; paper was submit for peer review in 2014

Year(s) Of Dissemination

2013

Description

Dei Tomos interview (Radio Cymru)

Form Of Dissemination

A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results

I was interviewed for Welsh-language radio as part of a programme on the 30th anniversay of the founding the Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies, discussing my research areas including the AHRC-funded AEMA project.

Paper titled 'A walk on the wild side: off-site occupation during the Irish Bronze Age', presented at the 21st Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists in Glasgow. Also presented a poster 'Fusing burial traditions: Ireland from the Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze Age' and co-organised two sessions; 'Lost in Space, or The Inbetweeners: Theorising Movement, Meshworks and Materialities in the Past' with Dr C. Gibson (CAWCS, University of Wales) and Dr C. J. Frieman (Australian National University) and 'Identities in Construction: Reconsidering the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age Transition in Western Europe' with Dr N. Carlin (University College Dublin), Dr A. Jorge (University of Aberdeen) and Dr L. Salanova (CNRS, Maison de l'archéologie et de l'ethnologie).

An invited evening seminar to talk to colleagues and other professionals on our ongoing AEMA project. Leading to further discussion and collaboration.

Year(s) Of Dissemination

2015

Description

Guest Lecture: Goethe University Frankfurt

Form Of Dissemination

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results

An invited evening lecture to talk to colleagues and other professionals on our ongoing AEMA project and the use of chemical analysis in archaeology. This has lead to further discussion, requests for information and collaboration.

Conference presentation at the International Celtic Studies Congress in Glasgow. This was part of an inter-disciplinary Congress on Celtic Studies, Linguistics and Archaeology. The paper tile was on 'Across the Seas: assessing archaeological evidence for connectivity along the Atlantic façade during the late second and early first millennia BC'.

Year(s) Of Dissemination

2015

Description

International Congress of Celtic Studies conference

Form Of Dissemination

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results

Paper (written in conjunction with C. Gibson) titled 'Across the seas: assessing archaeological evidence for connectivity along the Atlantic façade during the late second and early first millennium BC', presented at the 15th International Congress of Celtic Studies in Glasgow.

Year(s) Of Dissemination

2015

Description

International Virtual Heritage School 2013 2nd International Virtual Heritage School 9th - 13th December 2013 - See more at: http://www.v-must.net/schools/international-virtual-heritage-school-2013#sthash.v68SvCj0.dpuf

Form Of Dissemination

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

Yes

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results

Discussion followed.

Impact

AEMA featured strongly as an example of a "distributed research platform".

Open day visitors asked numerous questions, considerable amounts of discussion ensued, several invitations to give presentations at various venues were extended to our team, and several of the visitors decided to volunteer either later in this excavation season or in the following season

Impact

several invitations to give presentations to local historical societies etc. were extended, and several visitors decided to volunteer during this or the following excavation season

Talk sparked questions and discussions afterwards, was broadcast on 'Neopagan' webradio in Vienna, Austria, and resulted in participation of one Austrian volunteer (who had attended this talk) in Meillionydd excavations 2014

Impact

one person who attended this talk decided to participate in the Meillionydd excavations 2014 (in Wales) based on the interest in the archaeological process that the talk had sparked. Several more are considering participation in future excavation seasons or have started to volunteer in Austrian archaeological excavations

One-day workshop of leading experts sharing ideas in four themed discussion panels, resulting in associated discussions and debates.

Impact

Continued discussion and debate with colleagues and peers. Collaboration with participants at future conferences.

Year(s) Of Dissemination

2014

Description

Workshop day: Sheffield-Oxford knowledge exchange

Form Of Dissemination

A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Postgraduate students

Results

As part of an ongoing series of discussions between the archaeology departments of Sheffield and Oxford I presented on our ongoing research interests.

Year(s) Of Dissemination

2015

Description

Workshop on material recycling in Later Prehistory, University of Leicester

Form Of Dissemination

A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results

I was invited to take part in a small workshop and discussion day on identifying recycling in high temperature materials in later prehistory. This was a useful and detailed debate with senior colleagues, which has lead to a number of ongoing collaborations and the organisation of conference sessions

Year(s) Of Dissemination

2015

Description

Workshop on using chemistry in Iron Age coinage systems, British Museum

Form Of Dissemination

A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results

Participation in a small workshop discussion on the use of chemistry to investigate coinage, economic and social value in later prehistoric societies. I discussed the AEMA project and this has lead to further requests for information and collaboration.

Year(s) Of Dissemination

2015

Description

formal seminar (Gothenburg, Sweden)

Form Of Dissemination

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results

This was a lecture for advanced researchers on Bronze Age archaeology and the origin and spread of the Indo-European languages and formation of Proto-Celtic,

Year(s) Of Dissemination

2015

Description

public lecture (Gothenburg, Sweden)

Form Of Dissemination

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results

This was a lecture presenting a new theory on the origins of the Celtic languages aimed at a generalist Scandinavian audience.

This was a talk given as part of a conference on Basque studies held in the Basque country (in Spain) and attended by over 400 people. Conference title: FROM THE PRE-ROMAN VASCONES TO THE KINGDOM OF NAVARRE.
Talk was entitled: " Indo-European and non-Indo-European in Atlantic Europe in later prehistory and the emergence of Celtic ".

A talk given to a multidisciplinary conference in the Basque country, open to the public and attended by 400+ people. Conference title: THE BASQUES FROM THE 16th CENTURY UNTIL THE EARLY 21st CENTURY. Paper title: The emergence of the Celtic language in Atlantic Europe
in later prehistory and its relationship with Proto Basque