Psychology is a more predictable than we can think because human beings seem to do the same thing so are labeled more predictable Why the emphasis on science?
Common sense is often uncommonEx) Consider these Proverbs
1. Out of sight out of mind
2. Clothes make the man
3. Better safe than sorry
Ex) Now consider these
1. Absence makes the heart grow fonder
2. Don’t judge a book by its cover
3. Nothing ventured, nothing gained
Roots of Psychology: Philosophy
Ancient philosophers asked questions about human existences.Plato: nativism, or the idea that certain kinds of knowledge are inborn or innateAristotle:
﻿What is Psychology?
Today’s Definition: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes ScientificBehaviorMental Processes

Psychology is a more predictable than we can think because human beings seem to do the same thing so are labeled more predictable Why the emphasis on science?
Common sense is often uncommonEx) Consider these Proverbs
1. Out of sight out of mind
2. Clothes make the man
3. Better safe than sorry
Ex) Now consider these
1. Absence makes the heart grow fonder
2. Don’t judge a book by its cover
3. Nothing ventured, nothing gained
Roots of Psychology: Philosophy
Ancient philosophers asked questions about human existences.Plato: nativism, or the idea that certain kinds of knowledge are inborn or innateAristotle:

Psychology is a more predictable than we can think because human beings seem to do the same thing so are labeled more predictable Why the emphasis on science?
Common sense is often uncommonEx) Consider these Proverbs
1. Out of sight out of mind
2. Clothes make the man
3....

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...Section One – 1
When psychology first began to become a science in 1860, it was more of a field of philosophy than an actual medical study. It dealt with a more abstract concept than other medical fields; the human body is something concrete that you can physically look at and study whereas, at the time, you could not physically see the mind.
In Ancient Greece thinkers such as Aristotle and Plato could only come up with theories as to how the mind works. Plato believed that some knowledge is innate while Aristotle believed that the ability to learn depended on experience, however neither were able to prove their theories with concrete evidence. As time went on and psychology became more widely known, more theoretical approaches to psychology were introduced. Freud established the psychoanalytical theory, which emphasized the importance of the unconscious and how it shaped how humans behave. While Freud did use psychoanalysis to attempt to bring unconscious thoughts and feelings to conscious awareness, it was still far from valid scientific evidence.
In the 20th century, behaviorism was introduced. Behaviorism encouraged psychologists should limit their studies to behavior that was objectively observable. The introduction of behaviorism advanced psychology as a field of scientific study because it now focused on what people do rather than their own personal experiences....

...﻿PHILOSOPHYPhilosophy is divided into many sub-fields. These include epistemology, logic, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics.
Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, such as the relationships between truth, belief, and theories of justification.
Logic is the study of the principles of correct reasoning.
Metaphysics is the study of the most general features of reality, such as existence, time, the relationship between mind and body, objects and their properties, wholes and their parts, events, processes, and causation.
Ethics, or "moral philosophy," is concerned primarily with the question of the best way to live, and secondarily, concerning the question of whether this question can be answered.
Aesthetics deals with beauty, art, enjoyment, sensory-emotional values, perception, and matters of taste and sentiment.
Definition:
-- The term philosophy itself comes from the Greek philosophia, which means love of wisdom.
--The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence.
--The critical study of the basic principles and concepts of a particular branch of knowledge.
Meaning:
--The rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct based on logical reasoning rather than empirical methods.
Significance:
For us to avoid being fooled by those learned person, it removes or takes away doubts, it turns life to be simple and flexible...

...Much of the intellectual history of psychology has involved the attempt to come to grips with the problem of mind and body and how they interact. While the philosophical distinction between mind and body can be traced back to the Greeks, it is due to the work of René Descartes. When Descartes' friend, Marin Mersenne, wrote to him of Galileo's fate at the hands of the Inquisition, Descartes immediately suppressed his own treatise. As a result, the world's first extended essay on physiological psychology was published only well after its author's death. Descarte was the first to talk about mind/body interactions, and had a great influence in later psychologists and thinkers. He proposed that not only body can influence mind, but that mind could also affect body.
René Descartes was a famous mathematician born in Touraine, France on March 31, 1596. Descartes was said to be the father of modern philosophy for his works in the fields of math, science and philosophy. At the age of 8 he attended the Royal College at La Flèche where he was educated as a Jesuit scholar. The king established this school, which was a Jesuit college that was for the young nobility. At this point he had a liking towards mathematics. While in school his health was poor and he was granted permission to remain in bed until 11am, which was a routine he maintained until his death.
Later, he attended and got a degree in Law at the University of...

...RUNNING HEAD: Philosophers and Scientist of Modern PsychologyPhilosophers and Scientist of Modern Psychology
History of Psychology
While the philosophical distinction between mind and body can be traced back to the Greeks, it is due to the works of one great Philosopher that till this very day this is still in existence. Rene Descartes was the first to ever talk about the interactions of the mind and body, which later on in psychological history caught the attention of others who came after him such as James and Wundt. Descartes stated that not only body can influence mind, but that mind could also affect body. Descartes was a famous mathematician born in France. He was known as the father of modern philosophy for his works in the fields of math, science and philosophy. For real scientific progress in psychology we will not give Descartes credit though, the credit must be given to scientific thinkers who came way after Descartes. So basically philosophy as a science was not due to Descartes. Going deeper than just the thought want know how the mind and body interaction really work and also consciousness was due to scientific thinkers such as Wilhelm Wundt and William James who along with his medical training came up with some great findings as well.
The foundation of modern psychological thought and treatments date...

...﻿
Philosophy
PHL/215
November 03, 2014
PhilosophyPhilosophy is “the study of ideas about knowledge, truth, the nature and meaning of life, etc…; a particular set of ideas about knowledge, truth, and meaning of life; and a set of ideas about how to do something or how to live” (Philosophy, 2014, para. 1). Philosophy plays a huge role in all of our lives. Studding of philosophy influences our lives in many ways and has many purposes. Philosophy has five major branches metaphysis, epistemology, ethics, aesthetics, and logic. Each of these branches plays a role with culture to develop thoughts in human beings by wondering, a dynamic process, the truth, and wisdom.
“Philosophy is an attempt to reason clearly and critically about all areas of experience: science, religion, art, politics, and mortality” (What is Philosophy, Para, 1). The purpose of philosophy is to try to understand and evaluate our most basics, beliefs, values, and to integrate them into a coherent view of each of us and the world around us (What is Philosophy, 2014).
Studying philosophy is important because it continues to play an important role in shaping the future of all human existence, Philosophy enhances personal growth, professional opportunities, improves reading skill, critical thinking, communication, and helps in...

...issues of intrusion.
To conclude from the above argument, indeed ethics are important in research for they build mutual trust and respect between the participants and the researcher, they serve normal goals and objectives of the research, and they protect the participants from psychological and physical harm. Ethics are important for both the researcher and the participant at a larger degree, although there are some problems associated with the use of ethics as some ethics will disturb the yielding of valid and reliable research results.
REFFERENCES
CARDWELL M (1996) (PSYCHOLOGY FOR AS LEVEL) THE COMPLETE A-Z OF PSYCHOLOGY HANDBOOK. HODDER AND STOUGHTON.
SHAUGHNESSY, J. ZECHMEISTER, E. B AND ZECHMEISTER, J. S (2009) RESEARCH METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY 8TH EDITION
Koocher, GP and Keith-Spiegel, P (1998) Ethics in Psychology New York: Oxford University Press
Sales, B.D., & Folkman, S. (Eds.). (2000). Ethics in research with human participants. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist
...

...use this knowledge and not to use it, according to the necessities of the case…”
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1675)
“Knowledge empirical in origin and results”
Benedict Spinosa (1632-1677)
“God or nature is the only substance. Thought and matter are God’s infinite attributes, and all finite beings are only modes or states of the attributes of God”
John Locke (1632-1704)
“Our understanding is so limited that comprehensive knowledge of the universe is beyond man’s power to reach”
David Hume (1711-1776)
“All knowledge comes from experience”
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
“We cannot think of the mind and its objects as separate things”
“Reason is good, emotion is wrong”
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
“Utilitarianism”
Hegel (1770-1831)
“The subject matter of philosophy is the Absolute”
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
“Pleasure is the sole good”
Martin Buber (1878-1965)
“Relationship of man with the world. I and You, I and It”
Frederich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
“Man creates values enabling him to transcend himself in the direction of Super"...

...﻿Idealism
Idealism is the metaphysical and epistemological doctrine that ideas or thoughts make up fundamental reality. Essentially, it is any philosophy which argues that the only thing actually knowable is consciousness (or the contents of consciousness), whereas we never can be sure that matter or anything in the outside world really exists. Thus, the only real things are mental entities, not physical things (which exist only in the sense that they are perceived)
Progressivism
Progressivist believes that individuality, progress, and change are fundamental to one's education. Believing that people learn best from what they consider most relevant to their lives, progressivist centers their curricula on the needs, experiences, interests, and abilities of students. Progressivist teachers try making school interesting and useful by planning lessons that provoke curiosity. In a progressivist school, students are actively learning. The students interact with one another and develop social qualities such as cooperation and tolerance for different points of view.
Essentialism
It is an educational philosophy whose adherents believe that children should learn the traditional basic subjects thoroughly and rigorously. In this philosophical school of thought, the aim is to instill students with the "essentials" of academic knowledge, enacting a back-to-basics approach. Essentialism ensures that the accumulated wisdom of our civilization as taught in the...