BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is very common in patients with urolithiasis, which makes the treatment of urolithiasis complicated, even dangerous. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors for UTI in patients with urolithiasis. METHODS: Eight hundred six patients with urolithiasis were retrospectively evaluated in the fourth affiliated hospital of China Medical University. All patients admitted to the study were divided into either a UTI infection group or a non-infection group...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) status has been shown to be an independent risk factor for mortality in the post-operative period. Patients with DNR orders often undergo elective surgeries to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life, but there are limited data on outcomes for informed decision making. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A multi-institutional setting including operating room, postoperative recovery area, inpatient wards, and the intensive care unit...

Background: We have previously demonstrated that blood transfusion (BT) was associated with post-operative complications in patients undergoing surgery for Crohn's disease (CD), based on our institutional data registry. The aim of this study was to verify the association between perioperative BT and infectious complications in CD patients enrolled in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database. Methods: All CD patients undergoing surgery between 2005 and 2013 were identified from NSQIP...

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of prophylactic antibiotics after distal hypospadias repair on postoperative bacteriuria, symptomatic urinary tract infection, and postoperative complications in a prospective, randomized trial. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients aged 6 months to 2 years were enrolled at our institution between June 2013 and May 2017. Consenting patients were randomized to antibiotic prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus no antibiotic...

BACKGROUND: Predictive tables and scoring systems can predict stone clearance. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the prediction of complications during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), particularly in children, which remains under-researched. To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated the risk factors for febrile urinary tract infection (FUTI) after pediatric PCNL. OBJECTIVES: To assess the predictive factors of FUTI in prepubertal children after PCNL and determine whether any prophylactic cephalosporins are superior for decreasing the FUTI rate...

INTRODUCTION: Dementia is a leading cause of disability worldwide. It is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization, imposing a significant burden on healthcare systems. The evidence on the long-term evolution of this issue and broadly on healthcare systems is currently limited. This study aims to describe the hospitalizations of people who received a diagnosis of dementia admitted to public general hospitals in a western European country with universal health coverage, over more than a decade...

BACKGROUND: Post-operative infection after radical cystectomy is a common complication. It is essential to identify modifiable risk factors that can predict post-operative infection to reduce the incidence of infection after radical cystectomy. We investigated the incidence of post-operative infection, associated pathogens, and risk factors for post-operative infection after radical cystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in a single urologic department from 2014 to 2016 were included...

BACKGROUND: Chronic hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a major complication that leads to a medical burden and poor clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive factors of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus focusing on postoperative fever and infection. METHOD: A total of 418 patients were included in this study and the patient demographic features, radiologic findings, days of fever burden, and infection were compared between the shunt (n = 72) and no shunt group (n = 346)...

BACKGROUND: Although uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are often self-limiting, most patients will be prescribed antibiotic treatment. We assessed whether treatment with ibuprofen was non-inferior to pivmecillinam in achieving symptomatic resolution by day 4, with a non-inferiority margin of 10%. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This was a randomized, controlled, double-blind non-inferiority trial. We recruited patients from 16 sites in a general practice setting in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark...

Urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction are relatively common conditions in the aging male population. Surgical interventions for urinary incontinence include placement of an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS), perineal sling, or sacral nerve stimulator and injections of periurethral bulking agents. Erectile dysfunction can be treated surgically with placement of a penile prosthesis. The complications of these devices can be broadly categorized as device component malposition, malfunction, and infection...

Antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae has been increasing globally especially due to extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBLs), which typically necessitate the use of carbapenems for treatment of serious infections. Emerging carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae further complicate therapy. As part of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART), this analysis examined the recent activity of a key carbapenem (ertapenem) and other important therapeutic options against Enterobacteriaceae...

A frequent complication during hospital stay of patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a re-infection of the urinary tract after the initial improvement. In this study, we investigated the impact of two empirical antibiotic therapies on the outcomes of complicated bacterial UTIs. We retrospectively evaluated 325 adult patients hospitalized during 6 years period with a diagnosis of complicated bacterial UTIs. The patients were classified into two groups according to the antibiotic therapy: ceftriaxone- and co-amoxiclav+gentamicin-treated group...

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is considered the gold standard for minimally invasive treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostate enlargement of <80ml. Although durable and effective, TURP carries the risk of significant side effects, including infection and bleeding, and the risk of dilutional hyponatremia. The Aquabeam system uses high-velocity water jets to robotically ablate prostatic tissue under real-time ultrasound guidance, with hemostasis achieved via a catheter balloon tamponade and a novel traction device or electrocautery...

OBJECTIVE: Prospective assessment of the management of urinary tract infections (UTI) in the nursing homes of the Hauts-de-France region. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 50-question form had to be filled in for up to five consecutive residents treated for UTI in each nursing home. If necessary, diagnoses were reclassified according to the 2014 French Infectious Diseases Society guidelines. Analyses were presented per supposed (reported) and reclassified diagnoses. RESULTS: Of 397 contacted facilities, 134 participated and informed 444 UTI episodes...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term risk and outcome of infection-related hospitalization (IH) among patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). METHOD: We used administrative databases to establish a GPA cohort (n = 398), construct a comparison cohort of population controls (n = 3980), and collect clinical data. Cox regression analyses were used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) as a measure of relative risk. Follow-up began at date of GPA diagnosis and continued for up to 10 years...

Objective: To compare thulium laser vaporization of the prostate (TLVP) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) analyze the risk factors for postoperative urethral stricture. METHODS: From June 2015 to June 2016, 210 BPH patients in our hospital underwent TURP (n = 126) or TLVP (n = 84). We followed up the patients for 6 months, compared the effects of the two surgical strategies and analyzed the risk factors for postoperative urethral stricture by multivariate logistic regression analysis...

Chronic renal patients are more susceptible to hospital complications and infections such as urinary tract infections, peritonitis, surgery infections, and bacteremia, which are often caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A case of a HIV-positive girl with chronic kidney disease and with serious oral lesions due to P. aeruginosa septic shock is presented. The patient showed necrotic lesions in the oral mucosa, pathological tooth mobility, bone loss, and hematogenous osteomyelitis in the maxilla. The patient was submitted to systemic antibiotic therapy based on screening culture and treatment of bone lesions by eliminating the causal agent and restoring health conditions...