Thanjavur (earlier known as Tanjore) was the royal city of the Chola, Nayak and the Maratha rulers. Thanjavur derives its name from Tanjan, a giant, who, according to legend, devastated the neighbourhood and was killed by goddess Sri Anandavalli Amman and Lord Vishnu.
Tanjan's last request that the city might be named after him was granted. Thanjavur reached the zenith of its glory between 10th and 14th centuries, especially during the reign of Raja Raja Chola. Thanjavur has produced many classical musicians and Bharatanatyam dancers and is also well known for its unique painting style called Tanjore Painting and Thavil, a percussion instrument.
Apart from hundreds of ancient temples, the district is also known for its exquisite handicrafts, castings, pith craft and South Indian musical instruments.