...Fabrizio Marra; Ersilia D’Ambrosio; Gianluca Sottili; Guido Ventura AbstractGeochemical investigations on samples of pumice and lava extracted from the mortars and concretes of the Forum of Caesar and the Forum and Markets of Trajan are presented and integrated with previous analyses of lava...

...REGINALD A. DALY AbstractIntroductionSince the time of the Cæsars “something new” has ever been coming “out of Africa.” Nowadays geologists are there finding novelties, impressive, even spectacular, and each one thought-provoking. The Great Rift and volcanoes of the east, the Atlas structures...

... hiking and geology is desired, an enjoyable day trip would be Caesar Creek Lake Visitor Center and Emergency Spillway, Glen Helen, and/or Clifton Gorge; in addition, time could be used to investigate the nearby shops and restaurants of Waynesville (near Caesar Creek Lake), or Yellow Springs (Glen Helen...

This article is aimed at providing an overview of the geology of the Dayton region to those who seek an introduction to Dayton’s geological story. The oldest rocks exposed in the area are Ordovician (Katian Stage, Cincinnatian Series in local North American usage) in age, and are world famous for the quantity and quality of their fossils. Unconformably overlying the Ordovician strata are Silurian (Llandovery–Wenlock Series) dolomites, limestones, and shales, which represent tropical seas that were at times rich in crinoids, corals, brachiopods, and other invertebrates. A large time gap (unconformity) in the rock record of some 420+ million years occurs between the Silurian and the Pleistocene “Ice Age” deposits of the area. Significant changes to the natural environment in the Dayton area have occurred during the Anthropocene.A number of localities that can be reached within about 30–40 minutes from downtown Dayton are described. This is effectively Montgomery County and adjacent counties. As such this treatment is brief and not meant as a compendium but as an introduction and outline of Dayton’s geology and geological history. The localities selected illustrate Dayton’s geological heritage, from the Ordovician to the Pleistocene, while several of the area’s distinctive natural landmarks are discussed. A number of the landforms are expressions of the Niagara Escarpment, where resistant Silurian limestones and dolomites overlie less resistant older rocks.

... to discern the influence of longer-term external forcings in a statistical or aggregate sense. However, it would still not be possible to attribute an individual event to either SOC or external drivers. The simulations are performed with the CAESAR computational landscape evolution model ( Coulthard et al...

... integrated within the fluvial and hillslope components of CAESAR, so contaminated material on spoil heaps can enter the fluvial system through landslides or soil creep, as well as becoming stored within floodplains and re-eroded at a later date. contamination model river climate-change heavy metal GSA...

... to obtain the best benefits. Many other works of the Archaic period, preserved near the Foro di Cesare (Forum of the Caesars), were constructed with this stone; for example, an Archaic cistern was excavated in the tuff, and its walls were lined with small blocks of the same material (opus quadratum...

... was scrupulous in his adherence to ethical standards on confidentiality and conflicts of interest: as a program manager, he would invoke the proverb that, like Caesar’s wife, the program had to avoid even the appearance of impropriety. He was careful in all his communications to recognize the strengths of each...

... diagrams, and their pitfalls, as well as better hydrothermal bombs, f (O 2 ) buffers, and melting experiments of truly complex systems. Young ends this era with the IUGS (Streckeisen) classification. Will this be the last chapter of a nagging topic? It began in 1823 with Karl Caesar von Leonhard (p. 110...

... to the SE; lava erupted from vent near Trecastagni (Mt Trigona) Thick ash broke roofs in Catania; inhabitants granted immunity from taxes for 10 years 3, 4, I, II, III 49 and 44 BC 49 BC at time of war between Pompey and Caesar; 44 BC at time of Caesar's death Dimming of the sun and haze...

Volcanoes and eruptive activity played a part in the lives of many people in southern Italy during the classical era, no more so than on the flanks of Mount Etna (Sicily), a volcano that has been continually active throughout the historical period. Both the Romans and Greeks settled at the foot and on the lower flanks of the volcano and it seems likely that they were attracted to the region by its considerable agricultural potential, in particular its plentiful supplies of water. In this paper, literary sources are used to explore three aspects of human response to the activity of Etna during the classical period. First, the role of Etna as a stimulus to the development of myth and legend is considered, and is followed by a discussion of more ‘scientific’ explanations of the volcano's activity. To a large extent Etna's volcanic activity was ascribed by early writers to mythological figures, but other authors, such as Empedocles and Lucretius, stand apart from this tradition by seeking more rational explanations. The paper concludes with a discussion of what can and cannot be gleaned about the eruptive behaviour of Etna during the classical period by using literature-based and geological sources of information in combination. Records suggest that the city of Catania was partly destroyed by lava in c. 693 BC and in 425 BC. The eruption of 122 BC was unusual for Etna in being explosive, and significant amounts of ash and lapilli were deposited on the southeastern flanks of the volcano, causing great distress in Catania, which required the provision of state aid. AbstractVolcanoes and eruptive activity played a part in the lives of many people in southern Italy during the classical era, no more so than on the flanks of Mount Etna (Sicily), a volcano that has been continually active throughout the historical period. Both the Romans and Greeks settled at the foot and on the lower flanks of the volcano and it seems likely that they were attracted to the region by its considerable agricultural potential, in particular its plentiful supplies of water. In this paper, literary sources are used to explore three aspects of human response to the activity of Etna during the classical period. First, the role of Etna as a stimulus to the development of myth and legend is considered, and is followed by a discussion of more ‘scientific’ explanations of the volcano's activity. To a large extent Etna's volcanic activity was ascribed by early writers to mythological figures, but other authors, such as Empedocles and Lucretius, stand apart from this tradition by seeking more rational explanations. The paper concludes with a discussion of what can and cannot be gleaned about the eruptive behaviour of Etna during the classical period by using literature-based and geological sources of information in combination. Records suggest that the city of Catania was partly destroyed by lava in c. 693 BC and in 425 BC. The eruption of 122 BC was unusual for Etna in being explosive, and significant amounts of ash and lapilli were deposited on the southeastern flanks of the volcano, causing great distress in Catania, which required the provision of state aid.