HO 45/13725

440302

Minutes

This list consolidates and brings up to date the two lists hitherto in
use.

Note and Lay by. AJE. 9/12/22

See additional cases within.

440302/2

14.5.27
HO

Honours.
British subjects who have received Royal License to use foreign title.
Copy letter to Mr A. Hertslet.

Minutes

The Lord Chancellor about a year ago asked whether we could supply him
with a complete list of British subjects who were entitled to use
foreign titles in England. He was given a list of all grants
since 1893 but prior to that date the H.O. have no information.
The College of Arms should have a Roll of all grants; they have not yet
got this in any handy form and Mr. Butler, to whom I spoke, explained
that it would take some time to prepare one. He undertook to do
this and I have reminded him at intervals during the past nine months
but without results. This is not a moment I think at which we can press
the Heralds College further as they are much occupied with other
matters. I have explained the position to Mr. Hertslet and I
think the matter may drop for the time being.
Lay by.
H A D
27/2/28
nothing further 1 Dec 1928
registered

I went to the College of Arms a day or two ago and had a long talk with
Mr. Butler there on this subject. The College has a complete
record of all these grants going back to Stuart times with very
elaborate and well kept indices of the original foreign Letters Patent
in each case together with a copy of the Royal Warrant issued here,
both documents being in many cases beautifully illuminated. No
doubt all this explains to some extent the College's high feees in
respect of such licences, which I understand amount to about fifty
guineas. Mr. Butler thinks he will be able to let us have a complete
list of grants in the course of a month or so and I have written to him
as within. Incidentally, I learnt that a limitation to heirs
general in an Austrian patent is not to be construed in the English
sense. The Austrian government recently had some correspondence
with the College of Arms on the subject and have stated that in Austria
the expression is construed as referring only to a male heir.
HRD
6/2/29
Mr Eagleston has seen this.

I have reminded Mr Butler but he says he will not be able to complete
the list for some time, though it is well in hand.
HRD
10/7/29

440302/3

21.10.29
College of Arms (Portcullis)

Honours
Royal Licences for Foreign titles

Fds list from the earliest date to 1846, will send remainder as
soon as possible.

Minutes

This long-delayed list takes us up to 1846 and will be useful.
Mr. Butler is continuing his researches and promises a further list
later on. Our records are complete from 1892 onwards but it would
be a great thing to get a list for the period between 1846 to 1892.

We have no record of the foreign titles in use in the Free State such
as Count O'Kelly etc. and I have written to Ulster as within asking
whether he can supply us with information.
HRD
24.10.29

Mr Butler now sends a further list of six licences issued between 1874
and 1893. It seems extraordinary that there were no licenses
between 1846 and 1874 and I have written to Mr. Butler as within.
HRD
22.1.30

Note by Ulster within, no licences are recorded in his office for
foreign titles in Ireland
HRD 22/1

See farther correspondence with Mr. Butler within. The list is
now as complete as we are
likely to get it and Ulster tells us that no licence to use a foreign
title is recorded at Dublin Castle. Mr.Butler's lists
enumerate 34 licences issued between 1644 and 1893 but some of
the
titles must be extinct - Baron de Goldsmid and da Palmeira
certainly
so, while the licences to Baron de Worms and the 1890 Von Schroder
barony have been revoked. This reduces the extant licences on
Mr.Butler's lists to 31. Our records from 1896 to the present day
show grants of 12 licences but of the 12 Baron de Bush is dead so
the licence is no longer valid, while Baron Boxall, Baron de Forest,
Baron Nugent, Count Gurowski and Baron Schroder had their
licences revoked by the Royal Warrant of 1920. So far therefore
as this list is concerned only six titles remain valid Baron de
Teissier, Count Riccardi-Cubitt, Count de Bury, Baron Bentinck,
Baron de Rutzen, and marquis d'Hautpoul; that is to say there
are certainly not more than 37 valid licences extant and the
number
is probably considerably less. Would it not be a useful
thing
now to compile a list of extant licences with similar
particulars
and notes to those in our current list. This
would be easy to refer to and would be useful to the Lord
Chamberlain too.

The whole question therefore of these licenses is a very small
one. In
modern times they have only been granted in exceptional circumstances
and it might well be considered whether it would not be an excellent
thing if The King decided that there should be no more grants in any
circumstances whatever. This
would obviate any question of recognising papal titles or of
re-considering the question of the six enemy aliens who relinquished
their titles during the War, while such a decision would dispose once
and for all of the various claims which are put forward from time
to time.
H.R.D. 5/2/30

The Scottish Office told me that Lyon had no record in his office of
any royal licence being granted for a foreign title. Ulster
informed
us that he too had no recorded licence since 1795 but H.O. papers
(224637/3) [ = HO 45/12576; Count Magawly-Cerati de Calry:
recognition of Italian title, 1912-1927] show that in 1765 a
royal licence was given to Count D'Alton
and certain of his relations and I have asked Ulster to search his
records prior to 1795.

See ./4 HRD 12/2

Lay by ./4

Applications for Royal Licence for the use of a Foreign title.

Papal titles.
The following list does not include such cases.
Papal titles are not recognised in the United Kingdom on the ground
that the Pope not being an independent Sovereign has no power to confer
titles and orders. See 196,853 [ =HO 45/10622/196853; W.
H. F. Garratt, 1910] , 214,306 [ = HO 45/10939/214306],
216,252 [ = HO 45/10665/216252; Edmond de la Poer and George
Noble Plunkett, 1911], 243,207 [ =HO 45/10710/243207; P.
B. Malone, permission to accept knighthood, refused, 1913] and
277,722 [ = ?].

Ireland. For a
case of Royal and Vice-Regal Warrants authorising the use in Ireland of
a foreign title see 224,637 [ = HO 45/12576].

Note.
In the cases marked x and in that of the Barony of Worms
(licence granted in 1874) the licences granted were revoked by Royal
Warrant of 17th January, 1920, during the European War.

Cases dealt with down to 1893.

For 30 years or so prior to 1892, the practice in dealing with
these applications was for the Home Office not to inquire into the
reason why a Foreign Monarch chose to grant a title to an Englishman
but to issue a licence on production of evidence of British nationality
and of documents establishing the applicant's right to the title
(B.14,637/6 [ = HO 144/351/B14637; Lowenstein, baron
(Portugal), refused, 1893]).

In 1893 Sir E. Pemberton suggested that, in order to avoid the
difficulty of a Home Office inquiry into each case, the Home Office and
Foreign Office should, with the Queen's approval, draw up a code of
regulations which might be applied to all petitions for licences but it
was considered undesirable to make a fresh departure on the case under
review (Baron de Kusel B.12,651 [ = HO 144/340/B12651; Lt. S.
S. Kusel, Baron (Italy), permitted 1893]).

In September, 1893, the matter was again considered on the case of
Lowenstein (B.14,637/6) and the Queen then approved the following rule
drawn up by Mr. Asquith :-

"In future the rule is to be that all
applications for the Royal licence to use Foreign titles in this
country are to be refused. There may be special cases of an
exceptional kind in which the Queen may be properly advised to relax
the rule, but they will probably be of very rare occurrence and can be
dealt with as they arise".

This rule was confirmed by king Edward VII in 1901 (see B33841 [
= HO 45/10209/B33841]) and by
King George V in 1911 (see 184624 [ = HO 45/10591/184624])

Cases arising since 1893.

H.O. number
and year.

Description
of title.

Whether
granted or refused.

Observations.

1896
B.20,857[HO 144/391/B20857]

Baron
de Bush

Granted. Limited
to the grantee.

A Barony of the Duchy of Saxe-Goburg and Gotha granted in
1886. Exception made to rule of 1893 at special desire of Queen
Victoria.

1900.
B.32,587.[HO 45/19622]

* Baron Boxall

Granted.Limited to the grantee and
the heirs male of his body, upon whom the title should descend.

A barony of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha granted in
1900.This privilege was granted byQueen Victoria to Baron Boxall direct and the
Home Office knew nothing of it until the formal notificationof Her Majesty's Pleasure was received from
the Prime Minister, no reasons being stated for the grant.

1900.
B.32,440.[HO 144/969/B32440]

* Baron de Forest.

Granted.Limited to the grantee.

A barony of the Austrian Empire granted in 1899.Permission given, on the occasion of Baron de
Forest's naturalization, by direct command of Queen Victoria.No reasons stated for the grant.

1901.
B.33,841.[HO 45/10209/B33841]

Baron Ward.

Not proceeded with.

King Edward confirmed rule ofQueen
Victoria and decided that all applications for licences should be sent
to Garter to investigate who would then give his opinion for
transmission to the King.

1901.
B.21,684.[HO 45/10459/B21684]

Viscount de Horncastle.

Refused.

Title conferred by King of Portugal in 1896.It was ascertained that the application was unknown in
Portugal and that the title was probably one of many indiscriminately
distributed to foreigners at the time, generally to the highest bidder.

1906.
B.23599.[HO 45/10159/B23599]

Baron de Teissier.

Granted.Limited to grantee and
heirs male of his body to whom the title should descend.

Barony of the Kingdom of France created in 1819.It was alleged but not proved that the title was
originally grantedwith the permission of
the Prince Regent.Submitted by the H.O. without
recommendation King Edward decided that as the was granted so long ago
as 1819 permission to useit might he
given.

1906.
B23.421.[HO 45/10311/123421]

Count Riccardo- Cubitt.

Granted.Limited to petitioner and
his wife.

petitioner's wife was the heiress of the ancient and
famous Florentine family of Riccardi and in 1902 the title was
specially granted by the King of Italy to petitioner. Submitted by H.O.
without recommendation.

1906.
140,276.[HO 45/12535]

Baroness de Goldsmid.

Refused.

Title conferred on petitioner for her life only. In 1906
by king of Portugal. In view of this limitation
and of her expressed intention "to revive the old family honours for
her son to inherit later" S.of S. made no recommendation.

1906.
143,007.[HO 45/10346/143007]

Marquis de Misa.

Refused.

Spanish title conferred on applicant's father in 1889. No
good grounds for issue of licence shown.H.O.submitted case to H.M. without
recommendation.

1908.
164,826.[HO 45/10553/164826]

* Baron Nugent.

Granted.Limited to grantee and heirs
male of his body in succession upon whom the title should descend.

A barony of the Austrian Empire granted in 1869 for
distinguished military services rendered by the family of Nugent.Garter recommended the case for favourable
consideration and H.O. submitted it with the suggestion that H.M. might
wish to sanction it.

1910.
197,270.[HO 45/10622/197270]

Count de Bury.

Granted.Limited to grantee and heirs
male of his body in succession upon whom the title should descend.

An Austrian title granted by Maria Theresa in 1753 and
confirmed by the King of Holland in 1822. Applicant was a Captain
in the R.A. employed in the Royal Military College of Canada. Submitted
by H.O. with a favourable recommendation in view of the antiquity of
the title.

1911.
184,624.[HO 45/10591/184624; Mr. T. G. Sandeman]

Baron de Sandeman.

Refused.

Portuguese barony conferred on petitioner in 1909 as a
revival of an extinct title granted to his uncle. King George adopted
the rule laid down by Queen Victoria and confirmed by King Edward.

1911.
208,659.[HO 45/12224]

Baron Bentinck.

Granted.Limited to grantee
and heirs male of his body in order of primogeniture upon whom the
title should descend.

Barony of the Netherlands granted in 1819 (but described
as a confirmation of an old title).Applicant
was a Major in the Rifle Brigade, D.S.O. and Asst. Secretary to the
High Commissioner for South-Africa. Submitted by H.O. with a favourable
recommendation in view of the services of the applicant and his family.

Granted.Limited to
grantee and heirs male of his body in succession upon whom title may
descend.

A title conferred by the King of Prussia in 1787 upon an
ancestor who had held a Governorship lin Poland. Submitted by H.O. with
a favourable recommendation in view of the antiquity of the title.
The licence was revoked in 1920 during the War. In 1922 H.O.
discouraged an application for permission to resume the title.

1912.
B.6,824.[HO 45/10437/B6824]

Baron William von Schroder

Granted.Limited to the
grantee personally.

A barony of Prussia granted by the
King of Prussia in 1868 to applicant's grandfather. Applicant's father,
being a younger son, had been granted in 1890 a Royal Licence to bear
the title Baron before his Christian name. Applicant
on his father'sdeath being
the eldest son and heir asked for the same privilege as his father.Submitted by H.O. without recommendation.

1912.
228,535.[HO 45/18397]

Baron Profumo.

Refused.

An Italian Barony conferred
on applicant's great grandfather in 1843. The applicant was an
English barrister and in view of the
comparative antiquity of the title the case was considered a doubtful
one but S. of S. did not think it strong enough to justify a favourable
recommendation.

1912.
222,229.[HO 144/1206/222229]

Jonkheer van Haeften.

Refused.

There are no details asto
the grant of the title (which is the lowest grade in Dutch nobility.Applicant was an Officerin
the Guards. No exceptional circumstances -
submitted to H.M. without recommendation.

1913.
236,216.[HO 45/10700/236216]

Count Gleichen.

The title countess of Gleichen was conferred by the Duke
of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1861 on Miss Laura Seynour on her marriage
to Prince Victor of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. In 1913 it was discovered that no formalpetition for the use of the
title Count Gleichen had been given.The
case was, however, a very exceptional one. The
then Count Gleichen was a blood relation of the Royal Family and his
title had been officially recognised on many
occasions (e.g. in the Army List and "Gazette").It
was considered unnecessary to procure any further authority for the use
of the title and in a Warrant of Precedence then issuing the title was
inserted.

1914.
237,247.[HO 45/10702/237247]

Marchioness de Piro.

Refused.

Title Marquis conferred by Philip V of Spain in 1742 and
renewed in 1870 by the Regent of Spain. Title of Marquise granted
to applicant by King of Spain on the death of her father. No
special circumstances alleged.
Note.This paper contains a memorandum as to the
recognition in this country of titles officially recognised in Malta.

1918.
321,597.[HO 144/19788]

Baron Marochetti.

Refused.

Title granted by King of Sardinia in 1836to applicant's grandfather who was a sculptor of some
distinction and was employed by Queen Victoria as such.
Petitioner, a Second Lieutenant la the 11th Hussars was originally an
Italian subject but became naturalised in 1916 to obtain a Commission
in the British Army. He served as an interpretor with the British
Force in France from 1914 to 1916. S. of S.
decided not to recommend the case as there were no exceptional
considerations which would justify a departure from the rule originally
made by Queen Victoria.

1918.
358,070.[HO 45/10892/358070]

Baron de Rutzen.

Granted.Limited to grantee and heirs male of his body upon whom
the title should descend.

Title granted by King of Poland in 1657.Applicant, a boy of 9. was grandson of Sir A. de Rutzen,
for many years Chief Magistrate and his father was killed in action in
1918.H.O. recommended casein view of antiquity of title and the services rendered by
applicant's grandfather

1920.
209,485/6.[HO 144/11453]

Count de Pret.

Refused.

Title granted to applicant's grandfather by King of
Belgium in 1890.Applicant was naturalised
in 1912 being then a cadet at Sandhurst and at the time of the
application was an officer in the 21st Lancers and A.D.C. to the Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland. No special circumstances: H.O.recommended
that application be not granted.

1922.

Baron Barnekow.

H.O. decided not to recommend if application made.

Mr. E.R.F. Barnekow came of a Swedish noble family of
great antiquity and the Swedish Consul General formally certified that
he was entitled by law to the title Baron. He enlisted in the British
Army under an assumed name and fought with great courage and efficiency
being awarded the M.M.He was
commissioned in 1918 and won the M.C. H.O. did not consider that his
war services, though meritorious, were sufficiently outstanding to
justify grant of licence and told solicitor that an application for alicence would not be recommended.

435,534[HO 45/11087/435534]

Count Bagienski

Refused.

Mr. Herbert Sharp claimed to be
the senior descendant of the Bagienski
family of Warsaw and Odessa. No details were given in the
application
which was couched in general terms.

1923.
439,280[HO 144/2717]

Marquis d'Hautpoul de Seyne.

Granted. Limited to grantee
personally.

Applicant who was originally a
French subject and had shortly before
been naturalized was the holder of a French title dating back to the
"ancien régime". H.O. made no recommendation. HM approved grant
as a special case.

1925.475,528/2[?]

Marquis del Moral

Refused

Major de Bertodano inherited the title (Spanish) which had
been in his family since 1765.He served
in the Matabe and South African Wars, and as a Major on the General
Staff in the war of 1914-18.The case was
held not to be nearly strong enough for a grant; but as His Majesty's
private secretary had written about it, it was submitted without a
recommendation.(The petition was drawn by
Solicitors; Garter, on being asked for his observations, substituted a
new one.The original Petition was
submitted to His Majesty and remonstrations were made to Garter)

464,986/3[?]

Baroness von Ungern Sternberg

H.O. would not recommend it application

Miss Delmé-Radcliffe married in 1897 Baron von
Ungern Sternberg, a German.Her
husband was killed in the war and she was re-admitted to British
nationality in 1924.

403,324/6[? see HO 405/33107]

Baron (Oscar) Gérard de
Langué

Refused.

Title granted by Emperor of
Austria (and confirmed by Czar) during Napoleonic Wars to applicant's
great grandfather. Applicant, formerly a Russian, held a British
Commission during the War and was naturalised in 1920. No special
circumstances.

Title granted to petitioner's
ancestor by King of Spain (Don Carlos II) in 1671. Petitioner
served as an officer in a Territorial Regt. during the War. Not a
case for a favourable recommendation.

EXTRACT FROM: GRANTS GRANTS AND
CONFIRMATIONS --- A. p. 107 - 109

GEORGE R.

Right Trusty and Right Entirely beloved Cousin and Councillor We Greet
you well. WHEREAS you have represented unto us that Richard
D'Alton, Esqr. a native of our Kingdom of Ireland, Lieutenant General
in the service of our good Brother the Emperor of Germany, Chamberlain
and Privy Councillor of State to His Imperial Majesty and Commander of
the Theresian Order, hath requested your Intercession with Us, for Our
Gracious Consent and Licence that he the said Richard D'Alton, and
certain Relations of his in Our said Kingdom of Ireland, vizt; Oliver
D'Alton of Mount D'Alton, and James Nugent of Ballinacor in Our County
of Westmeath, Esqr. and Christopher D'Alton and Edward D'Alton of
Greenanstown in Our County of Tipperary, Esqr., may severally be
permitted to take and use the Title and Coat of Arms of Counts of the
German Empire, which Honor was conferred on them by Her late Imperial
Majesty, Maria Theresa, such Title and Arms being first duly registered
and Entered in the Office of Our King at Arms in our said Kingdom of
Ireland.Extracted from the
Register, I. 27, folio 160,
remaining the College of Arms, this 11th day of May, 1776.
Isaac Heard, NORROY.

Reg. in lib. 2. fol. 135.

your Sacred Imperial Majesty, by these letters, grants to Sir James de
Caldwell, baronet, and to his male lawful descendants for ever,
preserving the order of primogeniture, the title of count, in the
dutchy of Milan, and declares him a count.

from Playfair's British Family
Antiquities, vol. 9, p. 169.

.
Office of arms.
The castle, Dublin.

March 19th, 1930

My dear Boyd,

I am sorry I omitted to send you the enclosed extract from our Grants
and Confirmations "A" regarding the D'Alton title.

This is the only one which we have been able to find hero. I think that
any others which were allowed were granted through the Heralds' College
in London. This is borne out by the secong extract I enclose, regarding
the Caldwell Countship.

We have been carefully through Grants and Confirmations to see whether
thare are any entries relating to Foreign titles, but without success,
and I'm afraid I cannot suggest any other sources from which to obtain
information over here. The titles used were adopted without Royal
Licence, I fear, and the practice has not died out, as witness the
Marquess (!) MacSwiney of Mashonaglass, and Count Plunkett.

Yours very sincerely

Neville R Wilkinson

Confidential

List of Royal Licences for the
use of foreign titles

with notes

Home Office
21st May, 1930

The general question of the grant of Royal licences for the use
of foreign titles in this country has recently been reconsidered, and
His Majesty the King has given directions that no further grants of
such licences shall be made, and that applications for licences are to
be refused without submission to His Majesty.

The following list contains all the Royal licences to use foreign
titles in this country which are known from the official records to
have been granted. It has been compiled as to the grants from 1874
onwards from the Home Office records, as to earlier cases from the
registers kept by the Kings Of Arms of the three Kingdoms with whom all
such grants are required by the terms of the Licence to be registered.
Notes have been added indicating very briefly in each case the
circumstances of the grant and the history of the grantee ; these are
taken from the Home Office files, and in the case of grants before
1874, from such historical sources as were readily accessible.

A. J. E[agleston] 21st May, 1930.

Duchess Dudley, Duchess in Tuscany.
Date of Licence.—23rd May, 1644.*
Grantee.—Dame Alice Dudley.
Limitation of Licence.—None.
Remarks.—The history of this title is curious. Alice Leigh of
Stoneleigh married Sir Robert Dudley, son of Queen Elizabeth's Earl of
Leicester. He claimed the title, but failed to prove the marriage of
his parents. He was a distinguished sailor, shipbuilder, and man of
science, and settled at Florence, where he was employed by the Grand
Duke, becoming a Roman Catholic. He was created Duke of Northumberland
and Earl of Warwick (of the Holy Roman Empire) by the Emperor. His
wife, whom he had deserted for another lady, was made Duchess in
Tuscany.
EXTINCT.

* This date seems doubtful. The dictionary of National Biography says
the title was conferred in 1645 and the Royal Licence granted by Charles
II in 1660, which is much more probable. Charles I can have had
little
time to deal with foreign titles in 1644.

Marquis d'Albyville, Knight, Baron and
Marquis of the Holy Roman Empire.Date of Licence.—7th April,
1679.Grantee.—Sir Ignatius White,
alias d'Alby.Limitation of Licence.—None.Remarks.—White was a 17th
century diplomatist, who was Ambassador at Brussels and afterwards at
Madrid. He followed James II to France at the Revolution.
EXTINCT on the death of his son, an officer in the French Service.

Count of the Holy Roman Empire,
created 27th January, 1684.Date of Licence.—21st July,
1684.Grantee.—Charles Granville,
Viscount Lansdown.Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee and his descendants.Remarks.—Son of the Earl of
Bath and grandson of Sir Bevil Granville, the hero of the battles of
Stratton and Lansdown in the Civil War. He was given his Countship of
the Empire for distinguished services in the War against the Turks.
EXTINCT on the death of his son.

Sir John Le Blon, Knight of the Holy
Roman Empire, created 5th April, 1744.Date of Licence.—6th December,
1750.Grantee.—Sir John Charles Le
Blon.Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee and the descendants of his body, both male and female.

Count Lockhart, Count of the Holy
Roman Empire, created 25th March, 1783. Date of Licence.—May, 1785. Grantee.—James Lockhart
Wishart. Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee and his issue. Remarks.—Belonged to the
Jacobite family of Lockhart of Carnwath. He served
with the Austrian Army in the Seven Years' War.

Prince of the Holy Roman Empire,
created 31st January, 1778.Date of License.—19th August,
1785;Grantee.—George Nassau
Clavering Cowper, Earl Cowper.Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee and his issue.Remarks.—He was Ambassador at
Vienna, and his sister was the mistress of the Emperor.

Count D'Alton, Count of the Holy Roman
Empire.Date of Licence.—26th October,
1785.Grantee.—Richard
D'Alton, Oliver D'Alton, James
Nugent, Christopher D'Alton, Edward D'Alton.Limitation of Licence.—None.
(The licence appears to be personal to the grantees.)
Remarks.—Particulars of this licence were furnished by Ulster. Richard
D'Alton is described as Lieutenant-General in the Imperial Army, and
the title is said to have been conferred by Maria Theresa. He seems to
have been a haul type of soldier of fortune, who earned a reputation
for carrying out harsh orders in a brutal and unfeeling way. He
distinguished himself in Transylvania by using a specially high gallows
for hanging insurgents; and when the Emperor suppressed the old
constitution of the Austrian Netherlands in 1789, D'Alton was employed
to put down opposition. But the Flemings cornered him and his regulars
in Brussels and forced him to surrender. See Bisset's History of the Reign of George III,
Vol. IV, p. 156.

Baron Wolff, Baron of the Holy Roman
Empire, created 16th February, 1791.Date of Licence.—9th January,
1792.
Grantee.—Charles Godfrey Wolff.Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee and his issue.

Prince Successor to the Duchy of
Bouillon, created 1786.Date of Licence.—27th
February, 1792.Grantee.—Philip D'Auvergne.Remarks.—A French emigre, who
was given the rank of Captain in the Royal Navy, and stationed in the
Channel Islands to direct the British Intelligence Service in France,
which he did throughout the war with great success. The Home
Office Records for the period are full of his work. After
the fall of Napoleon he occupied the duchy of Bouillon, but was not
allowed by the Powers to keep it. This suggests that his motive in
getting the licence may have been political rather than social.

Count of Rumford, Count of the Holy
Roman Empire, created 9th May, 1792.Date of Licence.—January, 1794.Grantee.—Sir Benjamin
Thompson, Knight.Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee.Remarks.—A distinguished
scientist and inventor, and the founder of the Royal Institution. He
was born in the United States of America, and served on the British
side in the War of Independence. Entered the service of the Elector of
Bavaria, and was Minister of War and head of the Police.
EXTINCT on the death of his
daughter.

Baron Dillon, Baron of the Holy Roman
Empire, created and August, 1767, in favour of Petitioner's
father, Francis Dillon. Date of Licence.—24th April,
1800. Grantee.—John Talbot Dillon.Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee and his issue. Remarks.—The College of Arms
story does not agree with the Dictionary of National Biography,
according to which the title was given to John Dillon (not his father)
for his services in Parliament on behalf of his Roman Catholic fellow
subjects.

Count of Maida, Count in Calabria in
the two Sicilies.Date of Licence.—23rd
September, 1806.Grantee.—Sir John Stuart,
Knight.
Remarks.—He commanded the British Army which defeated the French at
Maida in Calabria.
EXTINCT on his death.

Duke of Bronte.
Date of Licence.—21st October, 1806.Grantee.—William, Earl Nelson.Remarks.—This licence has
probably lapsed. The title is now claimed by Mr. Hood, third son of the
late Lord Bridport, on the ground that it was left to him (to the
exclusion of his elder brother) by his father, he being empowered by
Italian law to transfer the title by will. Such a descent of the title
is outside the limitations of the licence. See
206,380 [ = HO 45/10641/206380].

Omrah or
Noble of the Mogul Empire,
Hindostan.Date of Licence.—17th
November. 1806.Grantee.—Vere Warner Hussey.Remarks.—An Artillery Officer
who served in India, and rose to be Lieutenant -General. The title
Omrah (=Amir) merely means noble. It could, no doubt, easily be
procured at that time by any European of standing, but it is curious
that Hussey should have wanted to have it recognised in England, and
still more that a licence should have been granted.

Count de Salis, Count of the Holy
Roman Empire, created 12th March, 1748.Date of Licence.—4th April,
1809.Grantee.—Jerome de Salis.Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to the grantee and those of his familv being subjects of the Realm.Remarks.—By origin the de
Salis are a Swiss noble family from the Grisons. In the early 18th
century, Peter de Salis was Imperial Ambassador in England, and was
given the Countship, presumably for his diplomatic
services. His son was naturalized in England.

Conde de Francoso, Count in Portugal. Date of Licence.— 18th
October. 1811.Grantee.—Sir William Carr
Beresford.Limitation of Licence.—None.Remarks.—The title was of
course given to Beresford as the Commander-in-Chief of the Portuguese
Army. It is understood to have particular reference to his
services at
Busaco.
EXTINCT.

Count St Paul, Count of the Holy Roman
Empire, created 20th July, 1759.Date of Licence.—7th
September, 1812.Grantee.—Horace David Cholwell
St. Paul, Henry Heneage St. Paul, Charles Maximilian St. Paul, and Anna
Maria St. Paul.Remarks.—The real name of the
family is Paul, and the father of the Count was a brewer of
Westminster. They took the name of St. Paul by Act of Parliament, and
appropriated the arms of the great French house of Luxembourg—St.
Pol—with which of course they have no connection. See Mr. Round's
article in The Ancestor, Vol.
VII, p. 17. The Countship was apparently granted for service in the
Imperial Army during the Seven Years' War.
EXTINCT 1891.

Baron Dimsdale, Baron
in Russia, created 13th February, 1769, in
favour of Petitioner's father, Thomas Dimsdale.Date of Licence.—29th July,
1813.Grantee.—John Dimsdale.Limitation of Licence.—To
grantee and those of his family on whom the dignity should descend.Remarks.—Dr. Dimsdale
(1712-1800), a well-known physician of the 18th century, was invited to
Russia in 1762 to inoculate the Empress Catherine and her
son. He was given his barony for this.

Baron de Hochpied, Baron and Magnat of
Hungary, created 8th April, 1704. Date of Licence.—27th
September, 1819. Grantee.—George de Hochpied,
and his only nephews, John James de Hochpied Larpent and George Gerard
de Hochpied Larpent. Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to the Petitioners and their issue male.Remarks.—Sir James Porter,
Ambassador at Constantinople, married Mdlle.de Hochpied, and their son,
who was a Lieutenant-General, and for many years M.P., succeeded to the
title on the failure of the male line, and obtained the Royal Licence.

Baron Freemantle, Baron of Austria,
created 29th November, 1816, in favour of Petitioner's father,
Sir Thomas Francis Freemantle, G.C.B.Date of Licence.—22nd January,
1822.Grantee.—Sir Thomas Francis
Freemantle.Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee and the heirs male of the body of his late father.Remarks.—Sir T. Freemantle was
Captain of the " Neptune " at Trafalgar, and during 1812-14, was
Admiral in command of the Adriatic Squadron, where he did very good
service in recovering Dalmatia from the French. Lord Cottesloe now
holds the title.

Marquis of Heusden, Netherlands,
created 18th July, 1815,Date of License.—16th August,
1824.Grantee.—Richard, Earl of
Clancarty.Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee and the heirs male of his body.Remarks.—He accompanied the
Prince of Orange when he returned to the Netherlands in 1813, on the
expulsion of the French, and had much to do with arranging the
incorporation of Holland and Belgium. He was Ambassador to the
Netherlands in 1813, and again from 1816 to 1822.

Conde de Cassilhas, Count in Portugal,
created 13th May, 1824.Date of Licence.—10th October,
1825.Grantee.—Sir Edward Thornton,
G.C.B.Limitation of Licence.—To
grantee and his successors in the title.Remarks.—He was Ambassador to
Portugal, and was given his title for sheltering and aiding the King
during the insurrection of 1823. The title was granted for two lives
beside his own.

Baron Grant, Baron of Austria, created
22nd January, 1831.*Date of Licence.—9th April,
1832.Grantee.—Sir William Keir,
afterwards Keir Grant.Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee and the heirs male of his body.Remarks.—As a subaltern he
took part in the action of Villers-en-Cauchies (1794), when two
squadrons of the 15th Hussars and two squadrons of Austrian Hussars
(about 300 sabres in all) attacked and completely routed a French force
of all arms, 5,000 strong. The Emperor gave the eight
English officers the Military Order of Maria Theresa, which carries the
hereditary rank of Baron.
EXTINCT.

*: if this date is correct it can only have been some kind of
confirmation
of the grant of 1794.

Baron Rothschild, Baron of Austria,
created 29th September, 1822; in favour of Petitioner's father, Nathan
Meyer
Rothschild.Date of Licence.—16th June,
1838.Grantee.—Lionel Rothschild.Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee and the heirs male of the body of his late father.

Baron de Worms in Austria, created 3rd
April, 1871. Date of Licence.—10th August,
1874. Grantee.—Solomon Benedict
Worms.Limitation of Licence.—Heirs
male of his body.
Remarks.---The Austrian Govemment made an official request for
recognition of the title, which was stated in the diploma to have been
conferred in consideration of signal services rendered to the Austrian
Government.

This title being of enemy origin, the license was was revoked by
Royal Warrant dated 17th January,
1920.

Baron Craignish in Saxe-Coburg and
Gotha, created 11th September, 1882.Date of License.—4th January,
1883.Grantee.— Ronald MacLeay
Laurentz Campbell, Captain (retired list) the Bombay Staff Corps.Limitation of Licence.—Heirs
male of his body.Remarks.—He was equerry of the
Duke of Saxe-Coburg, and the Duke personally requested that
the title should be recognised.
EXTINCT.

Count Bentinck, Count of the Holy
Roman Empire, created 29th December. 1732.
Date of Licence.—22nd April, 1886.Grantee.—William Charles
Philip Otho Bentinck.Limitation of Licence.—Grantee
and the heirs male of his body upon whom the dignity should devolve.
Petitioner's mother and the descendants of his father to use title of
Count or Countess.Remarks.—This branch of the
Bentincks are one of the mediatised princely houses of Germany.
Applicant was not the eldest son, but his elder brother had resigned
the title to him in due form according to German law.

Baron Campbell von Laurentz in
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, created 1st November, 1886.Date of Licence.—14th
February, 1887.Grantee.—Edmund Kempt Laurentz
Campbell.Limitation of Licence.—Heirs
male of his body.Remarks.—Elder brother of
Baron Craignish, an officer in the German Army, and equerry of the Duke
of Saxe-Coburg.
EXTINCT.

Baron William von Schroder, Baron of
the Kingdom of Prussia, created 26th December, 1868.Date of Licence.—13th May,
1890.Grantee.—William Henry von
Schroder.Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee.Remarks.—Applicant was second
son of the first Baron, and was not holder of the Barony. The licence
appears to have been granted on the ground that Prussian usage entitled
him to be called Baron W. Von Schroder.
EXTINCT.

Baron Halkett of the
Kingdom of Hanover, conferred upon
the Petitioner's grandfather, Sir Hugh Halkett, 18th June, 1862, Date of Licence.—19th March,
1891.Grantee.—Hugh Colin Gustave
George Halkett, Lieutenant, 24th Middlesex Rifle Volunteers.Limitation of Licence.—Heirs
male of his body.Remarks.—Sir H. Halkett served
with the King's German Legion in Spain, and was appointed to the
Hanoverian Army in 1813. He commanded a brigade with
great distinction at Waterloo, and served in the Hanoverian Army until
1862.
EXTINCT.

Baron in Italy, created 23rd
October, 1890. Date of Licence.—5th November,
1892. Grantee.—Adolph Kusel. Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee. Remarks.—Grantee was a
naturalized German in business at Liverpool The application
did not disclose the nature of the service which led the King of Italy
to confer the title.

Baron in Italy, created 23rd October,
1890.Date of Licence.—8th February,
1893.Grantee.—Samuel Selig Kusel. Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee.Remarks.—Nephew of Adolf
Kusel, and resident in Florence. Nothing was disclosed as
to the reasons for the grant of the title.

Baron de Bush, Barony of Saxe-Coburg,
created 25th December, 1889.Date of Licence.—-29th July,
1896.Grantee.—William Ernest Bush.Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee.Remarks.—Granted by Queen
Victoria personally, without any submission from the Home Office. It is
understood that the title was given in consideration of eminent
services to science.
EXTINCT.

Baron de Forest,* Barony of the
Austrian Empire, created 26th February, 1899.Date of Licence.—6th October,
1900. Grantee.—Maurice Arnold de
Forest.Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee.Remarks.—Granted by Queen
Victoria personally, without submission from the Home Office, the
grantee having been recently naturalized. The reason for
the grant of the title was not stated.

*This title being of enemy origin, the licence was revoked by
Royal Warrant dated 17th January, 1920.

Baron Boxall,* Barony of Saxe-Coburg,
created 8th September, 1900.Date of Licence.—17th October,
1900. Grantee.—Alleyne Alfred Boxall.Limitation of Licence.—Heirs
male of bis body on whom the title should descend.Remarks.—Granted by Queen
Victoria personally, without submission from the Home Office, it was
understood on account of services to the Duke of Edinburgh.

Baron de Teissier, Barony of the
Kingdom of France, created 4th December, 1819, in favour of
Petitioner's grandfather.Date of Licence.—16th
September, 1905.Grantee.—Henry Price de
Teissier.Limitation of Licence.—Heirs
male of his body on whom the title should descend. Remarks.—Granted by King
Edward in view of the antiquity of the title.

Count Riccardi-Cubitt. Count of the
Kingdom of Italy.Date of Licence.—16th
December, 1905.Grantee.—Thomas
Riccardi-Cubitt.Limitation of Licence.—Limited
to grantee and his wife.Remarks.—Grantee was
married to the heiress of the ancient Florentine family of
Riccardi, and had been authorised by the King of Italy to use the title.

Baron Nugent,* Baron of the Austrian
Empire, created 25th August, 1859.Date of Licence.—22nd July.
1908Grantee.—Alfred Llewellyn
Nugent.Limitation of licence.—Heirs
male of his body in succession on whom the title should descend.Remarks.—The title was granted
in view of the distinguished military services of the family, 20 of
whom had held commissions in the Austrian Army, and 13 had fallen in
action. Submitted by the Home Office without recommendation.

Marquis of Sarzano, Marquis of the
Duchy of Modena, created 1695. Date of Licence.—22nd
August, 1910. Grantee.—Frank James
Carandini, late Major 5th Lancers. Limitation of Licence.—Heirs
male of his body on whom the title should devolve. Remarks.—Granted in view of
the antiquity of the
title.
EXTINCT.

Count de Bury, Count of Austria,
created 5th September,
1753.Date of Licence.—19th
November,
1910.Grantee.—Henry Robert Visart
de Bury.Limitation of Licence.—Heirs
male of his body in succession on whom the title should descend.Remarks.—Granted in view of
the antiquity of the title, and the fact that applicant held a
commission in the Royal Artillery.

Baron Bentinck, Barony of the Kingdom
of the Netherlands, recognised by a decree of 10th June, 1819 (said to
have been created in 1558).Date of Licence.—12th
September, 1911.Grantee.—Walter Guy Bentinck.Limitation of Licence.—Heirs
male of his body in order of primogeniture on whom the title should
descend.Remarks.—Granted in view of
the antiquity of the family and applicant's Army
service.

Count von Gurowski,* Count of the
Kingdom of Prussia, created 5th November, 1787.Date of Licence.—9th November,
1911.Grantee.—Dudley Melchior
Beaumont von Gurowski.Limitation of Licence.—Heirs
male of his body in succession on whom the title should descend.Remarks.—Granted on the ground
that it was an old title originally given for public services.

*This title being of enemy origin, the licence was revoked
by Royal Warrant dated 17th January, 1920.

Baron William von Schroder,* Baron of
the Kingdom of Prussia, created 20th December, 1868.Date of Licence.—6th November,
1912.Grantee.—William Henry von
Schroder.Limitation of License.—Limited
to the grantee personally.Remarks.—Son of Baron
William Von Schroder above. Not the actual holder.

*This title being of enemy origin, the licence was revoked by
Royal Warrant dated 17th January, 1920.

Baron de Rutzen, Baron of the Kingdom
of Poland, created (or formally recognised) 26th December,
1657.Date of Licence.—23rd May,
1918.Grantee.—John Frederick Foley
de Rutzen.Limitation of Licence.—Heirs
male of his body on whom the title should descend.Remarks.—Granted in
consideration of the long and valuable service of applicant's
grandfather as Chief Magistrate of the Metropolitan Police Courts.