School grades ‘linked to where you live’

The improvement of school results in London has widened the regional divide

Where children grow up in England is more likely to determine success or failure at school than in previous generations, a study suggests.

The Social Market Foundation has examined test results of cohorts born in 1970 and 2000 and found regional differences have become much greater.

Pupils' results are highest in London and lowest in Yorkshire and Humber.

"Where you live has become much more important," said think tank director Emran Mian.

The comparisons between the generations, based on school tests in primary school and exams such as O-levels and GCSEs, indicate that geography has become a much more significant factor in how high pupils are likely to achieve.

North-South divide

For pupils born in 1970, the study says that location was much less of an influence, with a much a stronger link to factors such as social background.

Family background and income remain important, but the study says "the geographic area a child comes from has become a more powerful predictive factor".

The rise of London schools has been a key part of this, with some of the poorest areas of the country achieving relatively high results.

In the mid-1980s, areas such as the south-east and east of England had better results than London, but the most recent results show London outstripping the rest of the country.

This prompted Ofsted chief Sir Michael Wilshaw to warn of a "North-South divide" in schools.

The study from the Social Market Foundation suggests the achievement gap between the richest and the poorest pupils remains "persistently large".

And the gender gap has grown wider, with girls even more likely to achieve higher results.

A substantial shift has been the changing levels of achievement of ethnic minority pupils.

For those born in 1970, who took O-levels in 1985-86, black and Asian pupils' results were considerably below average and behind their white counterparts.

Complex picture

The GCSE results for 2013-14 show a much more complex picture.

The black and Asian categories, broken down in more precise ethnic groups, indicated Indian pupils' results were above average, while Pakistani pupils were below average. Black African pupils were above average and black Caribbean were below.

White pupils were below average, with the weakest results from poor, white boys.

The Social Market Foundation is setting up a commission on inequalities in educational achievement, which will be chaired by Nick Clegg, the former leader of the Liberal Democrats.

"While parental income remains very important, this new research shows that where you live has become a much more important factor in determining educational achievement," said Mr Mian, director of the Social Market Foundation.

"Our new research also shows that the story around ethnic origin and education has become much more complex.

A Department for Education spokeswoman said: "In a recent report the Public Accounts Committee found the attainment gap between disadvantaged pupils and their peers has fallen at both primary and secondary level.

"However we recognise that there is more to do – we are expanding the Teach First and Schools Direct programmes and launching the National Teaching Service, which will mean more great teachers in schools in every corner of the country, so that we can extend opportunity to every single child and ensure all schools can recruit the teachers they need.

"The pupil premium, worth £2.5bn this year, is providing vital support to disadvantaged children and helping ensure every child, regardless of their background, is given the opportunity to fulfil their potential."

Editor’s choice

Immortality could be a reality in the near future as Swedish scientists believe artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to make interactive digital souls of people when they die. A Swedish funeral agency is looking for volunteers for an ambitious Bl...

A Yale University experiment, led by neuroscientist Nenad Sestanwhich reawakened the brains of slaughtered pigs has raised speculation that human trials could be next, renewing ethical concerns over the pursuit of immortality. In the experiments, the...