Medical Gerontology (Scholarly Publications)Medical Gerontology (Scholarly Publications)http://hdl.handle.net/2262/1622016-12-09T15:32:40Z2016-12-09T15:32:40ZTrail Making Test performance contributes to subjective judgment of visual efficiency in older adultsKENNY, ROSEhttp://hdl.handle.net/2262/773802016-09-20T02:01:03Z2015-01-01T00:00:00ZTrail Making Test performance contributes to subjective judgment of visual efficiency in older adults
KENNY, ROSE
Introduction. The determinant factors that influence self-reported quality of vision have yet to be fully elucidated. This study evaluated a range of contextual information, established psychophysical tests, and in particular, a series of cognitive tests as potentially novel determinant factors.
Materials & Methods. Community dwelling adults (aged 50+) recruited to Wave 1 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, excluding those registered blind, participated in this study (N = 5,021). Self-reports of vision were analysed in relation to visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, ocular pathology, visual (Choice Response Time task; Trail Making Test) and global cognition. Contextual factors such as having visited an optometrist and wearing glasses were also considered. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine univariate and multivariate associations.
Results and Discussion. Poor Trail Making Test performance (Odds ratio, OR = 1.36), visual acuity (OR = 1.72) and ocular pathology (OR = 2.25) were determinant factors for poor versus excellent vision in self-reports. Education, wealth, age, depressive symptoms and general cognitive fitness also contributed to determining self-reported vision.
Conclusions. Trail Making Test contribution to self-reports may capture higher level visual processing and should be considered when using self-reports to assess vision and its role in cognitive and functional health.
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2015-01-01T00:00:00ZSocial class variation in the predictors of rapid growth in infancy and obesity at age three yearsMCCRORY, CATHALLAYTE, RICHARDhttp://hdl.handle.net/2262/766082016-09-09T20:45:25Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZSocial class variation in the predictors of rapid growth in infancy and obesity at age three years
MCCRORY, CATHAL; LAYTE, RICHARD
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2014-01-01T00:00:00ZImproving the efficiency of multisensory integration in older adults: audio-visual temporal discrimination training reduces the susceptibility to the sound-induced flash illusion.NEWELL, FIONAKENNY, ROSESETTI, ANNALISAhttp://hdl.handle.net/2262/765852016-09-09T17:10:18Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZImproving the efficiency of multisensory integration in older adults: audio-visual temporal discrimination training reduces the susceptibility to the sound-induced flash illusion.
NEWELL, FIONA; KENNY, ROSE; SETTI, ANNALISA
From language to motor control, efficient integration of information from different sensory modalities is necessary for maintaining a coherent interaction with the environment. While a number of training studies have focused on training perceptual and cognitive function, only very few are specifically targeted at improving multisensory processing. Discrimination of temporal order or coincidence is a criterion used by the brain to determine whether cross-modal stimuli should be integrated or not. In this study we trained older adults to judge the temporal order of visual and auditory stimuli. We then tested whether the training had an effect in reducing susceptibility to a multisensory illusion, the sound induced flash illusion. Improvement in the temporal order judgement task was associated with a reduction in susceptibility to the illusion, particularly at longer Stimulus Onset Asynchronies, in line with a more efficient multisensory processing profile. The present findings set the ground for more broad training programs aimed at improving older adults׳ cognitive performance in domains in which efficient temporal integration across the senses is required.
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2014-01-01T00:00:00ZA Frailty Instrument for primary care for those aged 75 years or more: findings from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, a longitudinal population-based cohort study (SHARE-FI75+).ROMERO-ORTUNO, ROMANhttp://hdl.handle.net/2262/765772016-09-09T17:10:06Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZA Frailty Instrument for primary care for those aged 75 years or more: findings from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, a longitudinal population-based cohort study (SHARE-FI75+).
ROMERO-ORTUNO, ROMAN
Objective To create and validate a frailty assessment tool for community-dwelling adults aged ≥75 years.
Design Longitudinal, population-based study.
Setting The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).
Participants 4001 women and 3057 men aged ≥75 years from the second wave of SHARE. 3325 women and 2587 men had complete information for the frailty indicators: fatigue, low appetite, weakness, observed gait (walking without help, walking with help, chairbound/bedbound, unobserved) and low physical activity.
Main outcome measures The internal validity of the frailty indicators was tested with latent class analysis, by modelling an underlying variable with three ordered categories. The predictive validity of the frailty classification was tested against 2-year mortality and 4-year disability. The mortality prediction of SHARE-FI75+ was compared with that of previously operationalised frailty scales in SHARE (SHARE-FI, 70-item index, phenotype, FRAIL).
Results In both genders, all frailty indicators significantly aggregated into a three-category ordinal latent variable. After adjusting for baseline age, comorbidity and basic activities of daily living (BADL) disability, the frail had an OR for 2-year mortality of 2.2 (95% CI 1.2 to 3.8) in women and 4.2 (2.6 to 6.8) in men. The mortality prediction of SHARE-FI75+ was similar to that of the other SHARE frailty scales. By wave 4, 49% of frail women (78 of 159) had at least one more limitation with BADL (compared with 18% of non-frail, 125 of 684; p<0.001); in men, these proportions were 39% (26 of 66) and 18% (110 of 621), respectively (p<0.001). A calculator is supplied for point-of-care use, which automatically replicates the frailty classification for any given measurements.
Conclusions SHARE-FI75+ could help frailty case finding in primary care and provide a focus for personalised community interventions. Further validation in trials and clinical programmes is needed
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2014-01-01T00:00:00Z