Repeal of the eighth amendment, to be followed by legislation to permit abortion on request up to the 12th week of pregnancy, means Northern Ireland will be the only place in the UK and Ireland – and most of Europe – where terminations are outlawed apart from in the most exceptional circumstances.

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History is made as Ireland votes to repeal anti-abortion laws – video report

UK politicians acknowledged that Northern Ireland would come under the spotlight.

The Labour MP Stella Creasy said she would be asking colleagues in Westminster “to back legislation to bring the UK’s abortion laws into the 21st century and to make sure all our citizens are given equal access to their reproductive rights”.

She added: “We cannot let Northern Irish women be left behind.”

Penny Mordaunt, the international development secretary who also holds the equality brief, tweeted:

Penny Mordaunt MP (@PennyMordaunt)

Based on the exit poll, a historic & great day for Ireland, & a hopeful one for Northern Ireland. That hope must be met. #HomeToVote stories are a powerful and moving testimony as to why this had to happen and that understanding & empathy exists between generations. #trustwomen

But the Democratic Unionist MP Ian Paisley insisted that Northern Ireland “should not be bullied into accepting abortion on demand”.

Pointing out there was no constitutional lock on abortion in Northern Ireland, he tweeted: “The settled will of the people has been to afford protections to the unborn life and protect the life of the mother.”

Referring to what he called the “foaming at the mouth idiocy” of some commentators, he added: “On Abortion NI has had a settled cross-party view on this for decades. Nothing suggests it has changed.”

The outcome of Ireland’s referendum also raises the prospect of Northern Irish women needing an abortion making a considerably easier journey south for the procedure.

In 2016 more than 700 women from Northern Ireland crossed the Irish Sea to clinics in Britain to terminate pregnancies.

Earlier this year, Marie Stopes clinics said they had conducted 363 terminations for Northern Irish women in England between 30 June 2017 and 28 February this year, while the British Pregnancy Advisory Service (BPAS) carried out 190.

Colm O’Gorman, of Amnesty International Ireland, told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme: “Almost three-quarters of people in Northern Ireland want to see significantly expanded access to abortion. It’s entirely unacceptable that women and girls still have to travel … for abortions.”

Clare Murphy of BPAS said: “For decades, Irish women have been forced to travel hundreds of miles to our clinics in England, often alone, at a huge personal and emotional cost.

“The result, once confirmed, means that the Irish government can bring an end to this suffering, and legislate to provide the care women need at home. Now more than ever it is time for the UK government to show the same respect for the women of Northern Ireland.”

Q&A

Abortion in Ireland – what happens next?

Abortion will not immediately be available to women within Ireland.

The eighth amendment – article 40.3.3 of the Irish constitution – which prohibited abortion, will be replaced with a clause stating: “Provision may be made by law for the regulation of termination of pregnancy.”

The Irish government is planning to bring legislation before the Dáil, providing for abortion on request up to the 12th week of pregnancy, with a three-day “cooling off” period before medication is administered.

The prime minister, Leo Varadkar, said he wanted the new law to be enacted by the end of the year.

Between 12 and 24 weeks, abortion will be available only in cases of fatal foetal abnormality, a risk to a woman’s life or a risk of serious harm to the health of the mother. After 24 weeks, termination will be possible in cases of fatal foetal abnormality.

There will be provision for conscientious objection among medical practitioners, although doctors will be obliged to transfer care of the pregnant woman to another doctor.

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The 1967 Abortion Act was never extended to Northern Ireland, and abortion remains illegal unless the life or mental health of the mother is at risk. Northern Ireland has the harshest criminal penalty for abortion anywhere in Europe; in theory, life imprisonment can be handed down to a woman undergoing an unlawful abortion.

Most politicians in Northern Ireland do not favour reform on abortion. The issue crosses traditional divides, with support for the current highly restrictive regime among both Catholic and Protestant politicians.

In February, the UN said the UK was violating the rights of women in Northern Ireland by restricting their access to abortion, exposing them to “horrific situations”.

Its committee on the elimination of discrimination against women said thousands of women and girls faced “systematic violations of rights through being compelled to either travel outside Northern Ireland to procure a legal abortion or to carry their pregnancy to term”.

The motion denounced cases such as the one involving a mother who obtained abortion pills for her 15-year-old daughter after her child was raped. The mother is facing prosecution.

Northern Ireland is also the only place in the UK and Ireland that has not legislated to allow same-sex marriages. Campaigners for LGBT and gender rights are expected to step up campaigns for change in the coming months.