'/var/www/customers/public_html/index.php' is path to the file to be created

'http://somesite.com/index.php' specifies the location of the remote file

owner, group, and mode define the permissions

The full syntax for all of the properties that are available to the remote_file resource is:

remote_file'name'doatomic_updateTrueClass,FalseClassbackupFalseClass,IntegerchecksumStringforce_unlinkTrueClass,FalseClassftp_active_modeTrueClass,FalseClassgroupString,IntegerheadersHashinheritsTrueClass,FalseClassmanage_symlink_sourceTrueClass,FalseClass,NilClassmodeString,Integernotifies# see descriptionownerString,IntegerpathString# defaults to 'name' if not specifiedproviderChef::Provider::File::RemoteFilerightsHashsourceString,Arraysubscribes# see descriptionuse_conditional_getTrueClass,FalseClassuse_etagTrueClass,FalseClassuse_last_modifiedTrueClass,FalseClassverifyString,BlockactionSymbol# defaults to :create if not specifiedend

where

remote_file is the resource

name is the name of the resource block

:action identifies the steps the chef-client will take to bring the node into the desired state

atomic_update, backup, checksum, force_unlink, ftp_active_mode, group, headers, inherits, manage_symlink_source, mode, owner, path, provider, rights, source, use_conditional_get, use_etag, use_last_modified, and verify are properties of this resource, with the Ruby type shown. See “Properties” section below for more information about all of the properties that may be used with this resource.

Default. Create a file. If a file already exists (but does not match), update that file to match.

Warning

For a machine on which SELinux is enabled, the chef-client will create files that correctly match the default policy settings only when the cookbook that defines the action also conforms to the same policy.

:create_if_missing

Create a file only if the file does not exist. When the file exists, nothing happens.

:delete

Delete a file.

:nothing

Define this resource block to do nothing until notified by another resource to take action. When this resource is notified, this resource block is either run immediately or it is queued up to be run at the end of the chef-client run.

:touch

Touch a file. This updates the access (atime) and file modification (mtime) times for a file. (This action may be used with this resource, but is typically only used with the file resource.)

Perform atomic file updates on a per-resource basis. Set to true for atomic file updates. Set to false for non-atomic file updates. This setting overrides file_atomic_update, which is a global setting found in the client.rb file. Default value: true.

backup

Ruby Types: FalseClass, Integer

The number of backups to be kept in /var/chef/backup (for UNIX- and Linux-based platforms) or C:/chef/backup (for the Microsoft Windows platform). Set to false to prevent backups from being kept. Default value: 5.

checksum

Ruby Type: String

Optional, see use_conditional_get. The SHA-256 checksum of the file. Use to prevent a file from being re-downloaded. When the local file matches the checksum, the chef-client does not download it.

force_unlink

Ruby Types: TrueClass, FalseClass

How the chef-client handles certain situations when the target file turns out not to be a file. For example, when a target file is actually a symlink. Set to true for the chef-client delete the non-file target and replace it with the specified file. Set to false for the chef-client to raise an error. Default value: false.

ftp_active_mode

Ruby Types: TrueClass, FalseClass

Whether the chef-client uses active or passive FTP. Set to true to use active FTP. Default value: false.

group

Ruby Types: Integer, String

A string or ID that identifies the group owner by group name, including fully qualified group names such as domain\group or group@domain. If this value is not specified, existing groups remain unchanged and new group assignments use the default POSIX group (if available).

Cause the chef-client to detect and manage the source file for a symlink. Possible values: nil, true, or false. When this value is set to nil, the chef-client will manage a symlink’s source file and emit a warning. When this value is set to true, the chef-client will manage a symlink’s source file and not emit a warning. Default value: nil. The default value will be changed to false in a future version.

mode

Ruby Types: Integer, String

A quoted 3-5 character string that defines the octal mode. For example: '755', '0755', or 00755. If mode is not specified and if the file already exists, the existing mode on the file is used. If mode is not specified, the file does not exist, and the :create action is specified, the chef-client assumes a mask value of '0777' and then applies the umask for the system on which the file is to be created to the mask value. For example, if the umask on a system is '022', the chef-client uses the default value of '0755'.

The behavior is different depending on the platform.

UNIX- and Linux-based systems: A quoted 3-5 character string that defines the octal mode that is passed to chmod. For example: '755', '0755', or 00755. If the value is specified as a quoted string, it works exactly as if the chmod command was passed. If the value is specified as an integer, prepend a zero (0) to the value to ensure that it is interpreted as an octal number. For example, to assign read, write, and execute rights for all users, use '0777' or '777'; for the same rights, plus the sticky bit, use 01777 or '1777'.

Microsoft Windows: A quoted 3-5 character string that defines the octal mode that is translated into rights for Microsoft Windows security. For example: '755', '0755', or 00755. Values up to '0777' are allowed (no sticky bits) and mean the same in Microsoft Windows as they do in UNIX, where 4 equals GENERIC_READ, 2 equals GENERIC_WRITE, and 1 equals GENERIC_EXECUTE. This property cannot be used to set :full_control. This property has no effect if not specified, but when it and rights are both specified, the effects are cumulative.

notifies

Ruby Type: Symbol, ‘Chef::Resource[String]’

A resource may notify another resource to take action when its state changes. Specify a 'resource[name]', the :action that resource should take, and then the :timer for that action. A resource may notifiy more than one resource; use a notifies statement for each resource to be notified.

A timer specifies the point during the chef-client run at which a notification is run. The following timers are available:

:before

Specifies that the action on a notified resource should be run before processing the resource block in which the notification is located.

:delayed

Default. Specifies that a notification should be queued up, and then executed at the very end of the chef-client run.

:immediate, :immediately

Specifies that a notification should be run immediately, per resource notified.

The syntax for notifies is:

notifies:action,'resource[name]',:timer

owner

Ruby Types: Integer, String

A string or ID that identifies the group owner by user name, including fully qualified user names such as domain\user or user@domain. If this value is not specified, existing owners remain unchanged and new owner assignments use the current user (when necessary).

path

Ruby Type: String

The full path to the file, including the file name and its extension. Default value: the name of the resource block See “Syntax” section above for more information.

provider

Ruby Type: Chef Class

Optional. Explicitly specifies a provider.

retries

Ruby Type: Integer

The number of times to catch exceptions and retry the resource. Default value: 0.

retry_delay

Ruby Type: Integer

The retry delay (in seconds). Default value: 2.

rights

Ruby Types: Integer, String

Microsoft Windows only. The permissions for users and groups in a Microsoft Windows environment. For example: rights<permissions>,<principal>,<options> where <permissions> specifies the rights granted to the principal, <principal> is the group or user name, and <options> is a Hash with one (or more) advanced rights options.

source

Ruby Types: String, Array

Required. The location of the source file. The location of the source file may be HTTP (http://), FTP (ftp://), local (file:///), or UNC (\\host\share\file.tar.gz).

There are many ways to define the location of a source file. By using a path:

source'http://couchdb.apache.org/img/sketch.png'

By using FTP:

source'ftp://path/to/img/sketch.png'

By using a local path:

source'file:///path/to/img/sketch.png'

By using a Microsoft Windows UNC:

source'\\\\path\\to\\img\\sketch.png'

By using a node attribute:

sourcenode['nginx']['foo123']['url']

By using attributes to define paths:

source"#{node['python']['url']}/#{version}/Python-#{version}.tar.bz2"

By defining multiple paths for multiple locations:

source'http://seapower/spring.png','http://seapower/has_sprung.png'

By defining those same multiple paths as an array:

source['http://seapower/spring.png','http://seapower/has_sprung.png']

When multiple paths are specified, the chef-client will attempt to download the files in the order listed, stopping after the first successful download.

subscribes

Ruby Type: Symbol, ‘Chef::Resource[String]’

A resource may listen to another resource, and then take action if the state of the resource being listened to changes. Specify a 'resource[name]', the :action to be taken, and then the :timer for that action.

A timer specifies the point during the chef-client run at which a notification is run. The following timers are available:

:before

Specifies that the action on a notified resource should be run before processing the resource block in which the notification is located.

:delayed

Default. Specifies that a notification should be queued up, and then executed at the very end of the chef-client run.

:immediate, :immediately

Specifies that a notification should be run immediately, per resource notified.

The syntax for subscribes is:

subscribes:action,'resource[name]',:timer

use_conditional_get

Ruby Types: TrueClass, FalseClass

Enable conditional HTTP requests by using a conditional GET (with the If-Modified-Since header) or an opaque identifier (ETag). To use If-Modified-Since headers, use_last_modified must also be set to true. To use ETag headers, use_etag must also be set to true. Default value: true.

use_etag

Ruby Types: TrueClass, FalseClass

Enable ETag headers. Set to false to disable ETag headers. To use this setting, use_conditional_get must also be set to true. Default value: true.

use_last_modified

Ruby Types: TrueClass, FalseClass

Enable If-Modified-Since headers. Set to false to disable If-Modified-Since headers. To use this setting, use_conditional_get must also be set to true. Default value: true.

verify

Ruby Types: String, Block

A block or a string that returns true or false. A string, when true is executed as a system command.

A block is arbitrary Ruby defined within the resource block by using the verify property. When a block is true, the chef-client will continue to update the file as appropriate.

For example, this should return true:

remote_file'/tmp/baz'doverify{1==1}end

This should return true:

remote_file'/etc/nginx.conf'doverify'nginx -t -c %{path}'end

Warning

For releases of the chef-client prior to 12.5 (chef-client 12.4 and earlier) the correct syntax is:

Atomic updates are used with file-based resources to help ensure that file updates can be made when updating a binary or if disk space runs out.

Atomic updates are enabled by default. They can be managed globally using the file_atomic_update setting in the client.rb file. They can be managed on a per-resource basis using the atomic_update property that is available with the cookbook_file, file, remote_file, and template resources.

Note

On certain platforms, and after a file has been moved into place, the chef-client may modify file permissions to support features specific to those platforms. On platforms with SELinux enabled, the chef-client will fix up the security contexts after a file has been moved into the correct location by running the restorecon command. On the Microsoft Windows platform, the chef-client will create files so that ACL inheritance works as expected.

To support Microsoft Windows security, the template, file, remote_file, cookbook_file, directory, and remote_directory resources support the use of inheritance and access control lists (ACLs) within recipes.

Access Control Lists (ACLs)

The rights property can be used in a recipe to manage access control lists (ACLs), which allow permissions to be given to multiple users and groups. Use the rights property can be used as many times as necessary; the chef-client will apply them to the file or directory as required. The syntax for the rights property is as follows:

rightspermission,principal,option_type=>value

where

permission

Use to specify which rights are granted to the principal. The possible values are: :read, :write, read_execute, :modify, and :full_control.

These permissions are cumulative. If :write is specified, then it includes :read. If :full_control is specified, then it includes both :write and :read.

(For those who know the Microsoft Windows API: :read corresponds to GENERIC_READ; :write corresponds to GENERIC_WRITE; :read_execute corresponds to GENERIC_READ and GENERIC_EXECUTE; :modify corresponds to GENERIC_WRITE, GENERIC_READ, GENERIC_EXECUTE, and DELETE; :full_control corresponds to GENERIC_ALL, which allows a user to change the owner and other metadata about a file.)

principal

Use to specify a group or user name. This is identical to what is entered in the login box for Microsoft Windows, such as user_name, domain\user_name, or user_name@fully_qualified_domain_name. The chef-client does not need to know if a principal is a user or a group.

option_type

A hash that contains advanced rights options. For example, the rights to a directory that only applies to the first level of children might look something like: rights:write,'domain\group_name',:one_level_deep=>true. Possible option types:

Option Type

Description

:applies_to_children

Specify how permissions are applied to children. Possible values: true to inherit both child directories and files; false to not inherit any child directories or files; :containers_only to inherit only child directories (and not files); :objects_only to recursively inherit files (and not child directories).

:applies_to_self

Indicates whether a permission is applied to the parent directory. Possible values: true to apply to the parent directory or file and its children; false to not apply only to child directories and files.

:one_level_deep

Indicates the depth to which permissions will be applied. Possible values: true to apply only to the first level of children; false to apply to all children.

Only inherited rights remain. All existing explicit rights on the object are removed and replaced.

If rights are not specified, nothing will be changed. The chef-client does not clear out the rights on a file or directory if rights are not specified.

Changing inherited rights can be expensive. Microsoft Windows will propagate rights to all children recursively due to inheritance. This is a normal aspect of Microsoft Windows, so consider the frequency with which this type of action is necessary and take steps to control this type of action if performance is the primary consideration.

Use the deny_rights property to deny specific rights to specific users. The ordering is independent of using the rights property. For example, it doesn’t matter if rights are granted to everyone is placed before or after deny_rights:read,['Julian','Lewis'], both Julian and Lewis will be unable to read the document. For example:

By default, a file or directory inherits rights from its parent directory. Most of the time this is the preferred behavior, but sometimes it may be necessary to take steps to more specifically control rights. The inherits property can be used to specifically tell the chef-client to apply (or not apply) inherited rights from its parent directory.

For example, the following example specifies the rights for a directory:

To prevent the chef-client from re-downloading files that are already present on a node, use one of the following attributes in a recipe: use_conditional_get (default) or checksum.

The use_conditional_get attribute is the default behavior of the chef-client. If the remote file is located on a server that supports ETag and/or If-Modified-Since headers, the chef-client will use a conditional GET to determine if the file has been updated. If the file has been updated, the chef-client will re-download the file.

The checksum attribute will ask the chef-client to compare the checksum for the local file to the one at the remote location. If they match, the chef-client will not re-download the file. Using a local checksum for comparison requires that the local checksum be the correct checksum.

The desired approach just depends on the desired workflow. For example, if a node requires a new file every day, using the checksum approach would require that the local checksum be updated and/or verified every day as well, in order to ensure that the local checksum was the correct one. Using a conditional GET in this scenario will greatly simplify the management required to ensure files are being updated accurately.

Where a resource represents a piece of the system (and its desired state), a provider defines the steps that are needed to bring that piece of the system from its current state into the desired state.

The chef-client will determine the correct provider based on configuration data collected by Ohai at the start of the chef-client run. This configuration data is then mapped to a platform and an associated list of providers.

Generally, it’s best to let the chef-client choose the provider, and this is (by far) the most common approach. However, in some cases, specifying a provider may be desirable. There are two approaches:

Use a more specific short name—yum_package"foo"do instead of package"foo"do, script"foo"do instead of bash"foo"do, and so on—when available

Use the provider property within the resource block to specify the long name of the provider as a property of a resource. For example: providerChef::Provider::Long::Name

The following examples demonstrate various approaches for using resources in recipes. If you want to see examples of how Chef uses resources in recipes, take a closer look at the cookbooks that Chef authors and maintains: https://github.com/chef-cookbooks.

Transfer a file from a URL

remote_file'/tmp/testfile'dosource'http://www.example.com/tempfiles/testfile'mode'0755'checksum'3a7dac00b1'# A SHA256 (or portion thereof) of the file.end

Install a file from a remote location using bash

The following is an example of how to install the foo123 module for Nginx. This module adds shell-style functionality to an Nginx configuration file and does the following:

Declares three variables

Gets the Nginx file from a remote location

Installs the file using Bash to the path specified by the src_filepath variable

The following recipe shows how an attributes file can be used to store certain settings. An attributes file is located in the attributes/ directory in the same cookbook as the recipe which calls the attributes file. In this example, the attributes file specifies certain settings for Python that are then used across all nodes against which this recipe will run.

Python packages have versions, installation directories, URLs, and checksum files. An attributes file that exists to support this type of recipe would include settings like the following:

The following is an example of using the platform_family? method in the Recipe DSL to create a variable that can be used with other resources in the same recipe. In this example, platform_family? is being used to ensure that a specific binary is used for a specific platform before using the remote_file resource to download a file from a remote location, and then using the execute resource to install that file by running a command.