Network Concept

Listed are 4 reasons as to why commoditization of network services is a possibility:

Making it up in volume
Buyer Literacy
Selling "Services"
Vendor Directions

Can you explain each.

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"Making it up in volume"
Here is an example.
Look at the cellular telephone industry. Ten years ago, you could pay nearly $1500 for your portable phone and that was an incredible deal. But they couldn't resist using price as the distinguishable factor. Today, most cellular companies practically give phones away (commodity) for free and attempt to lock customers into loyalty with service agreements. Because they adopted the concept of cutting price, but making it up in volume. Network service providers could take a similar strategy and lead to commoditization of network services.

"Buyer Literacy"
Studies show that when buyer literacy falls, commoditization isn't far behind. "You can't create meaningful features to a buyer class that doesn't know the meaning of anything. The lack of technical comprehension for the average buyer means that transport/ connection services, the mainstay of carrier service, will simply get cheaper over time. The peak profit per bit for these services was reached in the period from mid-1999 to mid-2000, and we'll never see that level of profit for basic services again. There are a lot of strategies today to protect profits, from IMS to settlement- based IP peering, but none of them will be enough" [1].

Refer to the diagrams below. For each network shown, discuss the advantages and/or disadvantages of the network design relative to:
Reliability
Cost
Ease of administration
see attached they are three diagrams

Consider the project with the information provided in the Project Activity Network document. Construct the project activity network using AON methodology and label each mode. Identify the critical path and other paths through the network.
Project Management, Achieving Competitive Advantage (Pinto, 2010)

Why is it important for a company to have firewalls and border security in place? I know that a firewall is to stop intruders from entering your network but when I read on it seems border security is very similar. I really don't understand the true reason why a company should have both in place.
What is the difference from a

Millions of American homes are equipped with wireless networks. If the network is not made secure, any nearby computer with a wireless card can use the network. The range of home wireless networks often extends into neighboring homes, particularly in apartment complexes. If your neighbor's wireless network extends into your home

Given the transmission matrix, calculate the insertion loss of the T-network. Please refer to the attachment for the matrix and the network diagram.
I have provided the formula I am working from but I normally prefer a completely different set of workings to provide a good base for comparison/improvement to my own methods.