The Address parser webservice divides a single address string into its individual component parts : house number, street type (bd, street, ..), street name, unit (apt, batiment, ...), zipcode, state, country, city, ... via a REST interface. The address parser is now a spin off :address-parser.net. You can get the software or subscribe to premium hosted services.
You can see an example of use bellow. You can find documentation on how to use the XML API of the webservice and see how to download and install Gisgraphy.

The address parser takes an address as input as it could be writen on an envelopp. If you want to search for a city or a street that is not a real address, use the géocoder. If you search for a place, use the full text engine

Note that all the countries are not implemented yet for address parser (but all are implemented for geocoding). Click here to view the supported formats and countries already implemented countries. Geocodeur can search for address, if you want to search for place, please use the fulltext search.

About : Gisgraphy is a TOTALLY FREE open source framework. Since 2006, Gisgraphy is a free, open source framework that offers the possibility to do geolocalisation and geocoding via Java APIs or REST webservices. Actually it manage Geonames and OpenStreetMap (42 million entries). It provides importers, Geocoding, Reverse geocoding, street search, address parsing, fulltext and find nearby (web)services. Results can be output in XML, Atom, RSS, JSON, PHP, Ruby, and Python. See project 's home page.
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