Review: The subject of this research is the essence of activity of the political parties, the peculiarities of which are substantiated by the duality of their legal nature. The author carefully examines such aspects of the topic as the specificities of set by the parties goals and task, legal regulation of party activity, ways of attraction of the necessary financial resources, and responsibility for violation of such order. Special attention is given to the study of the current party activity, which is realized on the regular basis, and not connected with holding the electoral campaign. The author’s main contribution into this research consists in the proposed definition of the notion of “current activity” of political parties. Justification and authenticity of the acquired results were achieved using such methods of scientific cognition, as formal-legal, analysis, lexical-grammatical, and interpretation. Despite its fairly broad use in the number of works alongside the practice, it yet has not received the theoretical substantiation.

Keywords: goals of political parties, tasks of political parties, electoral funds, sponsorship of political parties, parties funding, electoral activity of poitical parties, current activity of the parties, criminal liability, administrative liability, political parties

Review: This article presents the results of the research of regulation practice of responsibility institution of the members of political party in the Russian Federation. The author reveals the issues of ensuring the political party’s right to self-governance on one hand, and citizens’ right to political association and passive electoral right on the other. The author also substantiates the need of government interference through the lawmaking into the regulation process of the institution of interparty responsibility of political party member. The criteria of allowability, as well as limitation of such interference are determined. During the course of this research, the author carries out a comparative analysis of the interparty documents and evaluates them from the perspective of correspondence with the requirements of the current legislation. The attention is given to ne necessity of formulation of the balanced approach towards structuring of the state and party regulation of this area of the relationship. Based on the philosophical type of legal understanding, the author develops the criteria to which such system must adhere. Using the results of the conducted research, the author formulates the proposals on introduction of changes into the current Russian legislation that regulates the work of political parties.

Keywords: Leave to appeal, Interparty discipline, Party prosecution, Expulsion from the party, Party membership, Political party, Right to unite, Responsibility institution , Membership institution, Interparty relationships

Nikolenko K.D..
The turning point in history of development of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (1999-2003): loss of initiative and decline in the influence
// Politics and Society. – 2016. – ¹ 10.
– P. 1369-1376.
DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2016.10.16245.

Review: This article is dedicated to the examination of the stage of activity of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) at the time of establishment of the new political regime in Russia. The author analyzes the parliamentary and mass work of the Communists, underlining the peculiarities of positioning in the regular convocation of State Duma, in which the party did not have the absolute majority. Special attention is given to the formation of the tactical coalition with pro-presidential powers, crises processes in “red belt”, and tension inside the CPRF due to disagreement among its leadership. As one of the major sources, the author uses the operational stenographs of the sessions of the lower house of Russian parliament. The author believes that the parliamentary vector is the main for the modern Communist Party. During the course of this research, this position found its substantiation. The choice of the party of its way of assumption to power through the elections, justifies its willingness to compromise, movability in ideological applied sense, as well as adherence to the trends in public opinion. During the course of this research it was revealed that the period of 1999-2003 became one of the determinative for the further way of development of the Communist Party. It ended in a major defeat at the parliamentary elections, as the result of which the organization lost its authority and influence, which led to the insurmountable negative consequences.

Review: The subject of this research is the role of party careers in vertical integration of state-territorial levels in binary and joint federal systems. A significant amount of the Western political parties has strong influence upon separate political careers of its members. The author also detects the meaningful differences in qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the models of impact of the parties upon the political career. The article examines the main distinctions between the models of political career in joint and binary federal systems on the regional and federal territorial level. The author gives characteristics to the models of party political careers in the four federative systems: Canada, Australia, Austria, and Germany; eight fairly influential national parties that have divisions on the regional level were selected for the comparison. In the context of this research, the author reviews the following: 1) vertical connections within the framework of the federal leadership of the party; 2) vertical connections within the framework of the regional leadership of the party. The scientific novelty lies in the detection of the differences in quantity and quality of the vertical integration, which confirms that for the joint and binary federal systems there is no unified pattern of political career or a single political role of the parties in federal processes. In analysis of the vertical cumulation of the party and state institutions, the more integrated modes of career were detected among the European parties, rather than non-European partners. The party structures not only define the model of the political career through interpretation of the institutional incitements, but also create the specific organizational connections between the institutions on various political levels.

Review: The object of this research is the party system of the modern Russian state. The subject is the process of realization of the Federal Law “On Political Parties” and further amendments as the presumptive normative-legal base of the Russian party genesis. Special attention is given to the questions of liberalization of the procedure of establishment and registration of parties, emergence of the new party powers in the state electoral practice, as well as possible consequences of these amendments. The author carefully examines such aspects of the topic as suspension or elimination of parties, mechanism of administrative control over the functioning of the parties in Russia in the context of subordination to the executive authority. The author makes an accent on the most controversial moments of the law on political parties, such as easing of the registration process of the parties alongside the strong administrative control over their work, as well as inclusion into the electoral practice of the new political powers; and on the other hand, discontent of the leaders of the party factions with the aforementioned amendments. The conclusion is made that the party structuring in Russia, despite the liberalization of legislation, is limited by the supervisory role of the government, which first and foremost ensures its own interests, rather that the public interests.

Derkach M.A..
Populist Parties in the political history of Finland in the second half of the XX – the beginning of the XXI centuries
// Politics and Society. – 2016. – ¹ 4.
– P. 422-431.
DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2016.4.18861.

Review: This article examines the question about the role and place of the Populist Parties in the political history of Finland in the late XX – early XXI centuries. The attention is focused on the Rural Party of Finland and the “True Finns” party, analyzing the history of their emergence, establishment, and development. The author also explores such issues as cooperation of the Populist Parties with the traditional political establishment, as well as factors that positively and negatively affected the electoral popularity of the populists. The conclusion is made that although in the Finnish political system the Populist Parties played a significant role throughout the long period of time, in the medium-term perspective Finland can become a country, in which these powers will be located on the sidelines of political life. The author’s contribution into the development of this topic is the conclusion that remaining in the executive authorities negatively reflects on the level of electoral popularity of the Populist Party.

Review: This article is dedicated to the examination of legal regulations of sources of financing the current work of the political parties in the Russian Federation. The author thoroughly examines such aspects of the topic as ability of the parties to attract necessary funds via concluding a loan agreement and credit agreements. Insufficient attention to these questions from the legislator’s side allows the parties to use this source of forming the party budgets as a “detour” of the requirements and limitations provided for donations, which contradicts the principle of transparency and independency of the parties from the sources of financing. The conducted analysis of the current legislation, as well as data from the consolidated financial reports of the political parties of the Russian Federation in the period of 2007-2015 allowed determining a number of flaws of the legal regulation of methods used by the political parties for attracting the finances via signing loan agreements (credit). Due to this fact, the author develops and proposes ways for improving the corresponding legislation; particularly, it is suggested to make changes in separate articles of the Federal Law “On Political Parties”.

Derkach M.A..
Integration of the populist parties into the political system: experience of the Western European countries
// Politics and Society. – 2015. – ¹ 11.
– P. 1473-1485.
DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2015.11.16883.

Review: The subject of this research is the modern experience of a number of Western European countries on integration of populist parties into the national political systems. The article thoroughly examines the experience of the states, in which populist parties have comprised a part of their ruling coalitions during the XXI century (Austria, Netherlands in 2002, Norway and Finland) or cooperated with the executive power, while formally remaining outside (Denmark, Netherlands 2010-2012), as well as those where the populist parties are subjected to obstruction from the political establishment (Sweden). The author come to the conclusion that success of the integration of populist party into the political system is only possible if the interest is shown from both parties involved into the process - populists and the establishment. The author's contribution into this topic was also conclusion that presence of the populist party in the executive power negatively reflects on its electoral popularity.

Review: This article is devoted to the organizational specific features of the dominating party of Taiwan. The author
offers to evaluate the structural peculiarities of the party organization as an important factor for the preservation
of its dominating status during the regime changes. The article provides evaluation of different periods
in the activities of the dominating party Kuomingtang, allowing to gain the general insight into the situation
within the party at the time of its rule. The author notes that the inner rift within the dominating party led to formation
of two political party, and resulted in the loss of the dominating position of Kuomingtang. The rift within
Kuomingtang allowed the opposition party to strengthen its position and win the Presidential elections in 2000.
As a result the author of the article notes that in addition to the organizational specific features of the dominating
party other factors have to be taken into account, such as resources, flexibility of party policy, specific features
of the political traditions in a state. The author considers that this study based on several factors may provide
for a thorough study of dominating parties in various states.

Keywords: political parties, dominating parties, authoritarian regime, organization structure of the party, relations within the party, democratization, political competition, party leader, political regime.

Copyright protected by law. Any materials may be published only subject to Publisher's concent.
All rights to the work, which was published under the name of our publishing house reserved. No part of the works published in printed or electronic editions, books and periodicals, on disks or digital and magnetic media, or on websites www.nbpublish.com, www.history-illustrated.ru, www.aurora-group.eu, www.e-notabene.ru can not be reproduced, translated into another language, stored in printed form or in any other way turned into another form of data storage, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or other - without the prior agreement and written permission of the publisher. And even if this was allowed to copy the copyright owner, links to the publisher and its publications are required.
For the content of advertisements published edition is not responsible. Editors reserve the right to place materials and journal articles in electronic legal systems and other electronic databases. The author can notify the Editor of their disagreement with the similar use of its materials no later than the date of the signing of the numbers in print.
Editorial respects the opinion of the authors of the published articles, but their views are not always the opinion of the publisher.