Authors:

Background: Studies of using mesenchymal stem cells to assist skin and soft tissue expansion have shown that stem cells can improve expansion efficiency through promoting tissue regeneration. However, the issue that whether the flap viability is also improved is unknown.

Background: Chest wall deformity after tissue expansion for breast reconstruction is less recognized than complications such as infection, hematoma, skin necrosis and capsular contracture. However, the condition should not be discounted because pain, rib fracture and dyspnea may occur in severe cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the extent of chest wall deformity quantitatively using computed tomography (CT) and to identify risk factors for this condition after tissue expansion. Read More

Authors:

Biomedical Research Institute, Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Republic of Korea.

Background: Skin grafts are required in numerous clinical procedures, such as reconstruction after skin removal and correction of contracture or scarring after severe skin loss caused by burns, accidents, and trauma. The current standard for skin defect replacement procedures is the use of autologous skin grafts. However, donor-site tissue availability remains a major obstacle for the successful replacement of skin defects and often limits this option. Read More

For extensive irregular cicatricial alopecia after burn, effective and pleasing restoration of hair-bearing scalp remains challenging. In this article, the authors presented staged reconstructive treatment for extensive irregular cicatricial alopecia with the goal to achieve better and reliable results. A retrospective review of staged reconstructive treatment performed in 16 patients with extensive irregular cicatricial alopecia after burn was conducted. Read More

Mastocytosis and hypereosinophilic syndrome is very rare neoplastic hematopoietic diseases. Mastocytosis is characterized by expansion and accumulation of clonal tissue mast cells in skin and/or various internal organs, while hypereosinophilic syndrome manifests with an increased number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood and tissue damage. These diseases represent a diagnostic challenge, since they can have overlapping clinical and pathologic features. Read More

The main purpose of this article is to present an alternative technique for the reconstruction of saddle nose deformity in patients with severely scarred or contracted soft tissue envelopes. In this single surgeon case series, the authors present a two-staged reconstruction performed on four adult patients with saddle nose deformities and contracted soft tissue envelope stemming from a variety of etiologic factors including vasculitis, sarcoidosis, and trauma. Stage one involved placement of a 1 × 4 cm tissue expander along the nasal dorsum through anterior scalp and endonasal incisions. Read More

Purpose: Postmastectomy radiation therapy is an important component of the multimodality approach to later-stage breast cancers. Unfortunately, despite its proven survival benefits, postmastectomy radiation therapy is deleterious to the skin and soft tissue, causing increased complications and worse aesthetic outcomes after breast reconstruction.There is currently no effective pharmaceutical agent to mitigate the soft tissue fibrosis and hypovascularity associated with soft tissue radiation. Read More

Background: Anatomically shaped permanent expandable implants are dual-chambered devices, which allow their postoperative expansion for the adjustment of volume. Their use is optional when 1-stage immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) direct to permanent implant is not feasible. The aim of this study is to present one center's long-term experience with the anatomical Becker expandable implant in a large series of patients who underwent either IBR or a salvage procedure for IBR with the device. Read More

Background: Decompressive craniectomy is a commonly performed procedure. It reduces intracranial pressure, improves survival, and thus might have a positive impact on several neurosurgical diseases and emergencies. Sometimes primary skin closure is not possible due to cerebral herniation or extensive skin defects. Read More

Background: Rapid tissue expansion has been attempted, aiming at shortening the period of conventional expansion. However, it has scarcely been clinically applied because of its drawbacks such as low expansion efficiency and tissue destruction. Adipose-derived stem cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic method in regenerative medicine. Read More

Authors:

Seoul, Republic of Korea From the Seoul Center for Developmental Ear Anomalies and the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital.

Background: Microtia with hemifacial microsomia is difficult to treat because of skin volume deficiency. To provide further information for coverage techniques in microtia reconstruction, the authors have reviewed and analyzed patients who underwent surgery at their center.

Methods: A total 52 patients with microtia with hemifacial microsomia who underwent reconstruction between 2006 and 2016 were involved. Read More

Introduction: Surgical defects of the popliteal fossa pose a reconstructive challenge to the surgeon, given the intimate relationship of this area with the knee joint and underlying vital neuro-vasculature.

Case Presentation: An 88-year-old woman was treated for a biopsy proven invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the right popliteal fossa with Mohs micrographic surgery. The resultant defect (4. Read More

Authors:

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, 14th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA. Electronic address:

Tissue inelasticity and the hair-bearing nature of the scalp and forehead pose unique challenges during reconstruction. A thorough understanding of the surgical anatomy of the scalp and forehead is paramount for optimal reconstructive outcomes. Primary wound closure is usually preferred over secondary intention healing and skin grafting. Read More

Authors:

Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA.

IgM transcripts from different mucosal and systemic tissues from a single adult channel catfish have been evaluated. Arrayed heavy chain cDNA libraries from each of these different mucosal and systemic tissues were separately constructed, hybridized with VH family specific probes and a variety of approaches were used to define their structural relationships. Baseline hybridization studies indicated that the tissue libraries had different VH expression patterns, and sequencing studies indicated this was not simply due to varying proportions of the same B cell population. Read More

Authors:

Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-go, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned medium (MSC-CM) has emerged as a promising cell-free tool for restoring degenerative diseases and treating traumatic injuries. The present study describes the effect of selenium as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger and its additive effect with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on in vitro expansion of amniotic fluid (AF)-MSCs and the paracrine actions of AF-MSC-CM as well as the associated cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Methods: In this study, we obtained CM from human AF-MSCs cultured with selenium. Read More

In this study we evaluated the role of hyaluronan (HA) in reactive adipogenesis, a local expansion of preadipocytes that provides host defense by release of antimicrobial peptides. We observed that HA accumulated during maturation of adipocytes in vitro and was associated with increased expression of preadipocyte factor 1, zinc finger protein 423, and early B cell factor 1. Although HA is normally abundant in the extracellular matrix, a further increase in HA staining occurred in mice at sites of reactive adipogenesis following injury of colon by dextran sodium sulfate or injury of skin from infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Read More

Aim Of The Study: The use of autologous bio-engineered dermo-epidermal skin substitutes (DESS) yields a pivotal opportunity to cover large skin defects in human patients. These skin grafts consist of both epidermal and dermal compartments necessary for robust and permanent functional wound closure. In this study, we investigated the impact of mesenchymal cells derived from different body site origins on the expression pattern of diverse markers within DESS. Read More

Authors:

Oncogenic lesions are surprisingly common in morphologically and functionally normal human skin. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that suppress their cancer-driving potential to maintain tissue homeostasis are unknown. By employing assays for the direct and quantitative assessment of cell fate choices in vivo, we show that oncogenic activation of PI3K-AKT, the most commonly activated oncogenic pathway in cancer, promotes the differentiation and cell cycle exit of epidermal progenitors. Read More

Authors:

From the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (T.V.K., E.N., J.H., T.R., O.T., H.W.).

Objective- A commonly accepted pivotal mechanism in fluid volume and blood pressure regulation is the parallel relationship between body Na and extracellular fluid content. Several recent studies have, however, shown that a considerable amount of Na can be retained in skin without commensurate water retention. Here, we asked whether a salt accumulation shown to result in VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-C secretion and lymphangiogenesis had any influence on lymphatic function. Read More

Authors:

Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. Electronic address:

Despite substantial self-renewal capability in vivo, epithelial stem and progenitor cells located in various tissues expand for a few passages in vitro in feeder-free condition before they succumb to growth arrest. Here, we describe the EpiX method, which utilizes small molecules that inhibit PAK1-ROCK-Myosin II and TGF-β signaling to achieve over one trillion-fold expansion of human epithelial stem and progenitor cells from skin, airway, mammary, and prostate glands in the absence of feeder cells. Transcriptomic and epigenomic studies show that this condition helps epithelial cells to overcome stresses for continuous proliferation. Read More

Intraoperative expansion has been used to cover small to large defects without disadvantages of the conventional tissue expanders. Various materials, for example, expanders and Foley catheters are being used. We introduce a new, convenient and economical device immediately available in the operating room, according to the defect size for intraoperative expansion, with latex gloves or balloons. Read More

Authors:

Large and ptotic breast reconstruction in patients who are not candidates for a transverse rectus abdominalis myocutaneous flap and revision surgery for the contralateral breast remains challenging. We developed a novel breast reconstruction technique using a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous (LD m-c) flap set at the posterior aspect of the reconstructed breast, combined with an anatomical silicone breast implant (SBI), following tissue expander surgery. We performed the proposed technique in four patients, in whom the weight of the resected tissue during mastectomy was >500 g and the depth of the inframammary fold (IMF) was >3 cm. Read More

Authors:

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.

The number of implantations of cardiac implantable electrophysiological devices (CIEDs) has increased over the past several years. However, the aging population and expansion of indications for CIEDs have led to an increase in associated infections. We experienced a case of a 99-year-old man presenting with skin erosion at the pocket site, where a 6-month-old implantable pacemaker was replaced. Read More

Introduction: The prevalence of thermal skin injuries is high. Despite new research findings, skin burns and acute cold-contact injuries, together with resulting tissue damage, are not entirely understood. In particular, little is known about how these types of injuries alter the biomechanical properties of skin. Read More

Authors:

Background: Conjoined twinning is a rare congenital malformation, and the resultant huge body wall defects after separation of conjoined twins represent a real challenge to surgeons.

Methods: From 2004 to 2009, authors performed body wall reconstruction for 2 pairs of thoraco-omphalopagus twins and 1 pair of ischiopagus tetrapus twins. Before separation, the techniques of tissue expansion and tractive training were adopted to acquire sufficient skin for final coverage. Read More

Authors:

IZKF Research Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Clinics Würzburg, Würzburg,

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) refers to an enriched platelet suspension in plasma. In addition to the clinical application of PRP in the context of various orthopedic diseases and beyond, PRP and platelet lysate (PL) have been in focus in the field of tissue engineering. In this review, we discuss the application of PRP as a cell culture supplement and as part of tissue engineering strategies, particularly emphasizing current hurdles and ambiguities regarding the efficacy of PRP in these approaches. Read More

Authors:

Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.

Hollow microneedles are an emerging technology for delivering drugs and therapeutics, such as vaccines and insulin, into the skin. Although the benefits of intradermal drug delivery have been known for decades, our understanding of fluid absorption by skin tissue has been limited due to the difficulties in imaging a highly scattering biological material such as skin. Here, we report the first real-time imaging of skin tissue at the microscale during intradermal injections through hollow microneedles, using optical coherence tomography. Read More

Authors:

Department of Neurosurgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Background: Combined revascularization is the preferred surgical management of adult Moyamoya disease. However, postoperative flap necrosis of the scalp is not an uncommon complication. We investigated the role of scalp incision design on the basis of the course of the superficial temporal artery (STA) to prevent postoperative scalp necrosis. Read More

Primary human keratinocytes isolated from fresh skin tissues and their expansion in vitro have been widely used for laboratory research and for clinical applications. The conventional isolation method of human keratinocytes involves a two-step sequential enzymatic digestion procedure, which has been proven to be inefficient in generating primary cells from adult tissues due to the low cell recovery rate and reduced cell viability. We recently reported an advanced method to isolate human primary epidermal progenitor cells from skin tissues that utilizes the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 in the medium. Read More

Adipocytes undergo pronounced changes in size and behavior to support diverse tissue functions, but the mechanisms that control these changes are not well understood. Mammary gland-associated white adipose tissue (mgWAT) regresses in support of milk fat production during lactation and expands during the subsequent involution of milk-producing epithelial cells, providing one of the most marked physiological examples of adipose growth. We examined cellular mechanisms and functional implications of adipocyte and lipid dynamics in the mouse mammary gland (MG). Read More

Authors:

Wound management is a notable healthcare and financial burden, accounting for >$10 billion in annual healthcare spending in the United States. A multidisciplinary approach involving orthopaedic and plastic surgeons, wound care nursing, and medical and support staff is often necessary to improve outcomes. Orthopaedic surgeons must be familiar with the fundamental principles and evidenced-based concepts for the management of acute and chronic wounds. Read More

Authors:

Background: Skin expansion is commonly needed in order to reconstruct the breast following modified radical mastectomy. With the advent of skin-sparing and nipple-sparing techniques, expansion is no longer necessary. The natural ability of healing tissues to contract can be advantageously used to improve the outcomes of immediate prepectoral breast reconstruction. Read More

Authors:

A patient presented with a complex penetrating facial wound by high temperature steel. The hot steel penetrated right temple, ethmoid bone, and maxillary sinus, and then exited from his left cheek. He kept his right eye but lost his sight. Read More

Authors:

Diabetic foot is one of the serious complications of diabetic patients. It is caused by diabetes combined with different degrees of lower extremity vascular lesions and neuropathy, and the wound can not heal for a long time. The serious results can cause bone marrow infection, bone destruction, and have high disability and death rate. Read More

Authors:

Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has several beneficial effects, and can be applied as a novel instrument for skin treatment. Recently, many types of NTP have been developed for potential medical or clinical applications, but their direct effects on skin activation remain unclear. In this study, the effect of NTP on the alteration of mouse skin tissue was analyzed. Read More

Purpose: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds the arterial adventitia and plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. PVAT expands in obesity, and inflamed PVAT can locally promote endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Here, using adipose tissue transplantation, we tested the hypothesis that expansion of PVAT can also remotely exacerbate vascular disease. Read More

The overall unsightliness of expansive benign facial tumors imposes both physical and mental suffering. Although excision is generally the optimal recourse in such instances, reconstructing the subsequent surgical defects is always a critical issue. Herein, we have described our experiences using expanded deltopectoral skin flaps to manage large facial wounds after excising benign tumors. Read More

Introduction: Skin expansion in the lower limb is a difficult procedure with a significant rate of complications. We propose, in this retrospective mono centric study, a systematic review of our skin expansion procedures on the lower limb in burn sequelae with a 30-years follow-up. The objective was to evaluate the overall result of our procedure and present its technical specificities. Read More

Adult tissues are thought to harbor two populations of "dormant" and "actively dividing" stem cells. Quiescent stem cells undergo rare asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) through which they self-renew and give rise to tissue-committed "progenitors" of distinct fate and "progenitors" in turn undergo symmetric cell divisions (SCDs) and clonal expansion. However, quiescent stem cells have not been demonstrated in adult tissues such as skin, testis, liver, and brain. Read More

Tissue expansion in breast reconstruction is a technique based on a simple principle but subjected to numerous traps. Its success relies on the patient selection, a good preparation of the skin pocket, no rush during the inflating time, and a specific care during the definitive implant placement inside the skin pocket. This article aims to list and detail point-by-point the different surgical timings, their practical application, the pitfalls and the possible traps to avoid, in order to succeed in breast reconstruction using tissue expander. Read More

Pediatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia and Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.

Multipotential cells are mobilized into peripheral blood in response to trauma, in particular in severe burns. These cells migrate to the site of injury in response to chemotactic signals to modulate inflammation, repair damaged tissue and facilitate tissue regeneration. We evaluated the possibility of isolating and expand mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from granulation tissue (GT) during debridement of a burn wound, as a persective strategy to improve skin regeneration. Read More

Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that involve the clonal expansion of mast cells into one or more organ systems, which typically involves the skin and hematopoietic systems. Systemic mastocytosis consists of a multifocal infiltration of mast cells into various noncutaneous tissue sites, especially the bone marrow. Diagnosis requires tissue confirmation, and algorithms have been developed to assist clinicians in this process. Read More

Recent regulatory T cell (Treg) based clinical trials support their therapeutic potential in transplantation and auto-inflammatory diseases. However, large numbers of Treg are needed to accomplish therapeutic efficacy. Local injection at the site of inflammation (targeted delivery) may lower the numbers needed for therapy. Read More

Background: Auricular reconstruction of congenital microtia patients is a huge challenge for plastic surgeons worldwide. Current techniques usually use a retroauricular fascial flap with skin grafting, often proving to be color mismatched, complex, and with visible scarring. An uncomplicated strategy that results in minimal scarring and a good color match is still required, especially for Asian patients. Read More

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