c.advocate
of “praxis;” exiled for his work turning schooling into a liberating force

____

14.B.F.
Skinner

d.believed
virtue comes from holding to the middle ground between two extremes (Golden
Mean)

____

15.Aristotle

e.author
of Cultural Literacy

____

16.E.D.
Hirsch, Jr.

f.head
of the Coalition of Essential Schools

____

17.Mortimer
Adler

g.Paideia
Proposal author, advocate of perennialism

____

18.A.S.
Neill

h.disciple
of Socrates; founded the Academy

____

19.William
Bagley

i. advocate of “engaged pedagogy”

____

20.bell
hooks

j.challenged
students primarily through questions

k.champion
of perennialism who instituted Great Books curriculum at the University of
Chicago

l.founder
of Summerhill, the famous existentialist school

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

*denotes more challenging question

(Higher
Order Question) - denotes
a question at the application or higher level of Bloom’s taxonomy

21.Which
ONE of the following is a teacher-centered philosophy of education?

a.
progressivism

b.existentialism

c.social
reconstructionism

d.perennialism

22.(Higher
Order Question) Essentialists would be
likely to place the most emphasis on

a.math
and natural sciences

b.music
and art

c.physical
education and geography

d.math
and philosophy

23.The idea
that classic ideas are not only relevant but should be the focus of
contemporary education reflects

a.essentialism

b.progressivism

c.existentialism

d.perennialism

24.Progressivism’s
foremost educational advocate was

a.Jean-Paul
Sartre

b.Jane
Roland Martin

c.John
Dewey

d.B.F.
Skinner

25.Many
progressivists believe that

a.people
learn better by experiencing and doing things than through book learning

b.people
are responsible for determining for themselves what is “right” or “wrong,”
“true” or “false”

c.people
are complex combinations of matter who act only in response to internally or
externally generated physical stimuli

d.none
of the above

26.John
Dewey founded a famous experimental school to test his ideas.That school was

a.The
Amidon School

b.The
Laboratory School

c.Summerhill

d.St.
John’s College

*27.(Higher Order
Question) Which of the following is a
model of social reconstructionism?

a.A.
S. Neill’s Summerhill

b.Robert
Hutchin’s Great Books program at the University of Chicago

c.Jane
Roland Martin’s “schoolhome” with its curriculum of caring, concern, and
connection

d.Cultural
Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know, by
E.D. Hirsch, Jr.

28.One who
believes in the existentialist philosophy of education believes schooling
should

a.ground
our students in a core curriculum; not be watered down with electives

b.help
students accept themselves as unique, responsible individuals

c.follow
students’ interests and offer hands-on activities and group projects

d.help
students appreciate learning for its own sake

*29.(Higher Order
Question) Before beginning a new unit on
the water cycle, a teacher asks her students what experiences they’ve had with
water in nature (rain, rivers, the ocean, and the like). The teacher is MOST
LIKELY using

a.informal
education

b.behavioral
modification

c.scaffolding

d.the
Socratic method

30.The
use of a system of positive reinforcement to encourage desired behavior is
based on

a.essentialism

b.behaviorism

c.existentialism

d.progressivism

31.Unlike
existentialists, __________ believe that free will is an illusion and that
human nature is shaped by the environment.

a.essentialists

b.progressivists

c.perennialists

d.behaviorists

32.(Higher
Order Question) Today’s focus on stronger
standards and more testing of both students and teachers best fits which
philosophy of education?

b.Children
learn from adults and older children through observing, helping, and imitating.

c.Teachers
guide student behavior using positive reinforcement.

d.Children
define their own meaning and choose what and how to learn.

34.The
Socratic method involves

a.repetitive
or rote teaching

b.study
from Great Books

c.learning
from actual experience

d.questioning
the student to draw out answers

35.The
founder of the Academy in Athens was

a.Socrates

b.Plato

c.Aristotle

d.Herodotus

36.The
idea of eternal “forms” underlying all existence comes from

a.Socrates

b.Plato

c.Aristotle

d.Herodotus

37.(Higher
Order Question) Which of these statements
would an advocate of a teacher-centered educational philosophy be most likely
to make?

a.“Education
should transmit the values and knowledge that have survived through time.”

b.“Teachers
should help students realize their individuality.”

c.“Schools
should prepare students for a changing future.”

d.“Teachers
should design learning activities that both instruct students and improve
society.”

*38.(Higher
Order Question) A look at today’s science
curriculum in most U.S. schools shows an emphasis on

a.aesthetics

b.idealism

c.materialism

d.Cartesian
dualism

*39.(Higher Order
Question) A teacher at your school
believes children should be made to reason deductively; another teacher favors
lots of hands-on learning activities. These teachers appear to hold different
views of

a.political
philosophy

b.aesthetics

c.epistemology

d.ethics

40.The
branch of philosophy most concerned with what schools might cover in a course
on values is

a.metaphysics

b.aesthetics

c.epistemology

d.ethics

DEFINITIONS

41.Supply a
brief definition of each educational term.

a.metaphysics

b.Socratic
method

c.informal
education

d.Great Books

e.Paideia
Proposal

f.E.D.
Hirsch, Jr.

g.Jane Roland
Martin

h.Paulo
Freire

i.inductive
reasoning

j.behavior
modification

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

42.For each of the following
philosophies of education, provide a brief description, including names of
educators and schools associated with that philosophy.

a.social reconstructionism

b.essentialism

c.existentialism

d.perennialism

e.progressivism

43.Which
of the following are teacher-centered philosophies of education? Which are
student-centered? What are the key differences between teacher-centered and
student-centered philosophies?