Rabbi Chanina would don his talis gadol on erev Shabbos (Mas. Shabbos 25b, Rambam Hilchos Shabbos 30:2). While this has been practiced by individuals, is it today the practice of any particular segments of Jewry to wear their taleisim for Friday night prayers (and, perhaps, meals)?

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The custom of the Teimanin (Yemenites) is to wear a tallis for Friday night prayers. (And I was told by my Teimani neighbor that also when they visit a friend on Shabbos they wear a tallis). But despite this being an old, established custom, many Teimanim who came to Eretz Yisrael have abandoned it, apparently so as not to be different from other Jewish groups.