Crackdown Toll Seen as Syrians Bury Hundreds

DARAYA, Syria — Mass burials in this Damascus suburb on Sunday showed the carnage of the past few days in gruesome detail: scores of bodies lined up on top of one another in long, thin graves moist with mud.

In what is unfolding as one of the deadliest and most focused short-term assaults by the Syrian military since the uprising started nearly 18 months ago, witnesses and activist groups say hundreds have been killed in Daraya in the past week alone. Residents described how the Syrian Army first closed off the city, keeping civilians from fleeing, then methodically began a campaign of heavy shelling and house-to-house searches ending with executions.

A video of what activists described as the fifth and latest mass grave to be filled showed two small children near the edge. Up close, in the field where there were more bodies than people to wash and prepare them for burial, the scent of decay swirled and gunshot wounds could be seen in the heads of many men.

“The Assad forces killed them in cold blood,” said Abu Ahmad, 40, a resident of Daraya, where the Syrian government has waged a campaign it described as a “cleansing.” “I saw dozens of dead people, killed by the knives at the end of Kalashnikovs, or by gunfire. The regime finished off whole families, a father, mother and their children. They just killed them without any pretext.”

Even as many of the details are still difficult to verify or determine — the exact number killed, how many were executed or died from shelling — evidence of what activists described as a massacre continues to mount.

The death toll, rising all week, grew again on Sunday. A day after two activist networks, the Local Coordination Committees and the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, said that more than 200 bodies had been found in the town, activists said another 15 bodies were discovered in the basement of a home in the area. That put the death toll for the week at more than 630 in the city, said the Local Coordination Committees, including nearly 300 people reported executed.

“Daraya, a city of dignity, has paid a heavy price for demanding freedom,” the group said in a statement, adding: “The death toll has doubled in the past few days due to field executions and revenge killings.”

Activists posted a video of what they said was the latest find. It showed a pile of bodies in the corner of a basement of what appeared to be a large home. Pools of blood darkened the gray concrete floor beneath a tangle of bodies. Several others — including a man with what clearly appeared to be a gunshot wound to the head — were splayed out behind nearby walls.

Photo

An image released by the Syrian opposition showed people who were said to have been killed by government forces in Daraya.Credit
Shaam News Network, via Associated Press

Two other videos posted Saturday showed corpses lined up as well, with activists declaring that the largest discovery occurred late Saturday night in the basement of a mosque. The Local Coordination Committees said about 150 bodies had been discovered there. Most were men killed in executions, activists said, though they also noted that among the dead found all over the city, there were also several women and children.

At the grave site, the bodies of a few children could be seen, but it was unclear whether women were buried there, as well.

Daraya, a city of several hundred thousand, has been reported as a mainstay of opposition support within the capital area since the start of the uprising. Its location is also critical: it abuts the Mezze military airport, a major base for Syrian forces. There are farms on the fringe of town, and small furniture factories dominate the city center.

When the government assault started, activists said that rebels had established a large armory inside the city. They said it had been rumored to hold missiles, a detail that could not be confirmed, perhaps to target helicopters at the Mezze airport.

The government operation began early last week. Troops first surrounded Daraya and set up checkpoints, blocking food and other supplies from entering, residents said. Electricity was cut, then Internet and phone service.

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Shelling — intense and relentless — started midweek, followed by hundreds of Syrian soldiers entering the town, backed by tanks and pickup trucks with mounted machine guns. Residents reported that the soldiers and government militiamen known as shabiha — loosely means thugs — initially faced strong resistance from the Free Syrian Army. But by late Friday or early Saturday, they said the Syrian military seemed to be in control of most of Daraya.

House-to-house searches accelerated. People were not allowed to leave.

One woman, found Sunday wearing all black and grieving, said that her son had tried to leave Friday, but was refused by government forces. “They told him, ‘Go back to your town and die there,’ ” she said. “And now he’s dead.”

He was one of the men found in the mosque, she said, along with two of his cousins. “I will not forget my son, and I swear that I will raise his 3-year-old son to take revenge for his father from those Alawite shabiha and soldiers who kill our husbands and sons,” she shouted. “We will not forget the Assad massacres and crimes.”

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The suburb of Daraya is surrounded by government forces.Credit
The New York Times

Experts say the counterinsurgency campaign by President Bashar al-Assad’s forces has increasingly centered on an effort to turn the population against the rebels by showing people the fatal consequences of harboring the opposition.

In many areas where the uprising has gained strength, including the border region of Dara’a and in Aleppo, the government has stepped up shelling and airstrikes. Activists reported attacks on at least five cities on Sunday, leaving dozens dead.

In another effort to project an image of strength, the Syrian vice president, who had been rumored to be on the verge of defecting, also appeared Sunday on Syrian television meeting with an Iranian official.

But around the capital, activists say the strategy has been more intimate and brutal, with Syrian forces relying heavily on house-to-house raids, in which they invade and leave bodies in their wake. Daraya is one example among many, but if the death toll and the executions are confirmed, it may become as notorious as Houla, where the United Nations reported in May that the government had killed 108 people, including at least 32 children.

Thousands of Syrians continue to flee the violence, flooding refugee camps in Turkey, which closed some border crossings temporarily over the weekend to slow the tide.

Britain’s Middle East minister, Alistair Burt, said Sunday that if confirmed, the massacre in Daraya “would be an atrocity on a new scale requiring unequivocal condemnation from the entire international community.”

Some activists fear the death toll may still rise: the Local Coordination Committees said that a total of 1,755 people had been detained, suggesting that hundreds more might turn up dead.

But on Sunday at least, the main task at hand was to find a place for those already killed. With government tanks and troop carriers surrounding the city, the burials proceeded amid chaos, outrage, shock and sorrow. With every new grave, with every son and brother laid to rest, the fury seemed to intensify.

“We don’t consider the Assad army to be the army of a nation, we see them as gangs of robbers who kill, steal and rape,” said Abu Mohammed, 50, a resident helping with the burials. “No national army commits acts like these except the dogs of Assad.”

An employee of The New York Times reported from Daraya, Syria, and Damien Cave from Beirut, Lebanon. Hwaida Saad contributed reporting from Beirut.

A version of this article appears in print on August 27, 2012, on Page A1 of the New York edition with the headline: Crackdown Toll Seen as Syrians Bury Hundreds. Order Reprints|Today's Paper|Subscribe