..Understanding structures and regulation will guide scientists to new benefits and ultimately to the knowledge to build a new generation of delicious foods that genuinely deliver on the promise of safety and maintenance of optimal health...

..more individualized dietary recommendations, should the steps to decrease saturated fatty acids to as low as agriculturally possible not wait until evidence clearly indicates which amounts and types of saturated fatty acids are optimal?..

..The complex composition of human milk lipids implies that diets with a diversity of fatty acids in complex lipid forms and structures is more beneficial than a narrow range of any particular group of fatty acids...

..The increased mass of PC was coincident with a decrease in the mass of phosphatidylethanolamine, suggesting that 22:6n-3 induced PC synthesis by increasing phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase activity in the heart...

Bovine milk glycome

N TaoDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USAJ Dairy Sci 91:3768-78. 2008

..Sialic acid residues include both N-acetyl and N-glycolylneuraminic acid, although the former is significantly more abundant...

Neutral and acidic oligosaccharides in Holstein-Friesian colostrum during the first 3 days of lactation measured by high performance liquid chromatography on a microfluidic chip and time-of-flight mass spectrometry

..The basic toolset, targets and knowledge are all being developed in the emerging field of metabolomics, yet important knowledge and technology gaps will need to be addressed in order to bring such assessment to practice...

..Additionally, enhanced lymphocyte apoptosis, a process known to be macrophage dependent and facilitated by PGE2, is postulated as a possible mechanism of PVT-induced, Kupffer cell-mediated immunosuppression...

..The premises, effects, barriers, and issues related to current dietary guidelines and specific diets are discussed, and the question, "Will it work for the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH? ", is addressed...

..Therefore, to be effective as a metal chelator, EDTA must be added at molar concentrations higher than that of iron to inhibit oxidation of foods containing long-chain PUFA from either fish or algae and fortified with iron...

N TaoDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USAJ Dairy Sci 92:2991-3001. 2009

..The total concentrations dropped rapidly in the first several days of lactation. Moreover, the anionic oligosaccharides (including N-glycolylneuraminic acid) decreased more rapidly compared with the neutral oligosaccharides...

..Our results are consistent with previously reported FA profiles in stress-related psychopathology and suggest that compositional changes of specific lipid FAs may form new functional markers of chronic psychological stress...

..Variations in expression or glycosylation levels are also demonstrated for several other abundant whey proteins, including tenascin, bile salt-stimulated lipase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and mannose receptor...

..A change from threonine-122 to alanine increased the substrate specificity in vitro for oleoyl-CoA and linoleoyl-CoA; whereas a change to leucine increased the substrate specificity for lignoceroyl-CoA...

Method for the identification of lipid classes based on referenced Kendrick mass analysis

..Polyphenolic phytochemicals inhibit vascular and inflammatory processes that contribute to disease. These effects are hypothesized to result from polyphenol-mediated alterations in cellular eicosanoid synthesis...

..The results show a beneficial effect of these molecules on the life span of C. elegans and will aid in the elucidation of the underlying causes of PUFA deficiency in the simple animal C. elegans as well as in humans...

..Whey protein supplementation is a promising supplement to stimulate the immune response to vaccine in senior citizens and possibly to counteract immunosenescence while larger studies are warranted...

Methods for the quantitation of human milk oligosaccharides in bacterial fermentation by mass spectrometry

Milady R NinonuevoDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USAAnal Biochem 361:15-23. 2007

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In vitro fermentation of breast milk oligosaccharides by Bifidobacterium infantis and Lactobacillus gasseri

..These results suggest that as a potential prebiotic, HMO may selectively promote the growth of certain bifidobacteria strains, and their catabolism may result in free monosaccharides in the colonic lumen...

..Because many of the effects of rosiglitazone on tissue metabolism were reflected in the plasma lipid metabolome, metabolomics has excellent potential for developing clinical assessments of metabolic response to drug therapy...

..The highest synergistic effects were observed for the phenolic extracts rich in polyphenols of extra-virgin olive oils and lactoferrin. This synergistic effect was higher in liposomes than in emulsions...

Toward the implementation of metabolomic assessments of human health and nutrition

..Likewise, an overview of the methodologies used in metabolomic profiling of natural products was presented, and an illustration of an integrated metabolomics approach in nutrition research was highlighted...

Do trans fatty acids from industrially produced sources and from natural sources have the same effect on cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy subjects? Results of the trans Fatty Acids Collaboration (TRANSFACT) study