Topic: Byproduct

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In the News (Sun 20 Jan 19)

The process in accordance with claim 16, wherein said byproduct components are selected from the group consisting of citric acid, malic acid, other food grade acids, and combinations thereof, same having been collected by drying citrus byproduct from juice extraction equipment in the absence of purifying the byproduct component.

The process in accordance with claim 16, wherein said byproduct components are selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, a carotenoid, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, xanthophyll, and combinations thereof, same having been collected by drying citrus byproduct from juice extraction equipment in the absence of purifying the byproduct component.

The process in accordance with claim 16, wherein said byproduct components are selected from the group consisting of limonin, nomolin, a limonin glucoside, d-limonene, and combinations thereof, same having been collected by drying citrus byproduct from juice extraction equipment in the absence of purifying the byproduct component.

The House Committee on Energy and Commerce Democrats :: The Public Record(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)

Byproduct material is defined in the Act and the NRC regulations as radioactive material (except special nuclear material) that is a byproduct of the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear material.

Byproduct material is defined by statute as "radioactive material (except special nuclear material) that is a byproduct of the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear material." (42 U.S.C. 2014(e).) Under 10 CFR 30.71, technetium-99 is listed as a byproduct material.

The byproduct material in the bulk nickel is not being used for its radioactive properties; it is a contaminant that cannot be removed.

www.house.gov /commerce_democrats/press/106ltr62.shtml (8143 words)

ASC-136: Using Byproducts to Feed Dairy Cattle(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)

Thus, the nutrient composition of byproducts needs to be analyzed when a byproduct is purchased from a different supplier and routinely even when a byproduct is purchased from the same supplier.

Byproduct is low in starch, calcium, and potassium and high in phosphorus in relation to corn grain.

Medical use means the intentional internal or external administration of byproduct material or the radiation from byproduct material to patients or human research subjects under the supervision of an authorized user.

Therapeutic dosage means a dosage of unsealed byproduct material that is intended to deliver a radiation dose to a patient or human research subject for palliative or curative treatment.

Byproduct material delivered to the client must be received and handled in conformance with the client's license.

Byproduct material means the tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of uranium or thorium from any ore processed primarily for its source material content.

Dry short tons of byproduct material means the quantity of tailings generated from the extraction and processing of 2,000 pounds of uranium or thorium ore- bearing rock.

Federal-related dry short tons of byproduct material means dry short tons of byproduct material that was present at an active uranium or thorium processing site on October 24, 1992, and was generated as an incident of uranium or thorium sales to the United States.

In short, the Fonner Letter asserts that NRC lacks jurisdiction over pre-1978 byproduct material because the Commission does not have the authority to regulate as 11e.(2) byproduct material tailings or wastes that were generated prior to the enactment of UMTRCA, unless those tailings or wastes were generated pursuant to an NRC-issued license.

The letter goes on to conclude that since pre-1978 byproduct material cannot be regulated by NRC as 11e.(2) byproduct material, NRC regulations would not preclude the disposal of such material in a facility that is not licensed under the AEA (for example, a RCRA hazardous waste disposal facility).

As the plain language of the statute indicates, Congress understood that materials that meet the definition of 11e.(2) byproduct material generated prior to the effective date of UMTRCA outside the context of an NRC license are 11e.(2) byproduct material.

Byproduct material is also used by the general public in various consumer products, such as smoke detectors, some self-luminous Exit signs, static eliminators, and luminous watch dials (see attachment).

Byproduct material is regulated by NRC and 34 states, known as Agreement States.

The NRC regulates the use of byproduct material in 16 non-Agreement States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and various territories of the United States.

The Atomic Energy Act, as revised in 1978, defines byproduct material in Section 11e.(1) as radioactive material (except special nuclear material) yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or using special nuclear material.

In Part 40, the NRC clarified the definition of byproduct material by adding the clause "including discrete surface wastes resulting from uranium solution extraction processes." In simpler terms, it is the waste and tailings generated by the processing of ore for its uranium or thorium content.

Byproduct material is disposed of in uranium mill tailings impoundments.

Under the revised AEA, the definition of byproduct material was extended with the creation of 11e.(2) byproduct material to bring all processing wastes from the primary recovery of uranium or thorium under regulatory control.

The mechanism to authorize disposal of non-11e.(2) byproduct material in a tailings impoundment is a license amendment under 10 CFR Part 40.

Allowing material that is chemically and radiological (sic) similar to byproduct material to be placed in the tailings pile is a reasonable thing to consider, however, DOE does not want to get into a problem with dual regulation.

Disinfection is usually a chemical process used in water systems which either chemicals are added to inactivate (or kill) pathogens (i.e., disease causing organisms) found in the source water (i.e., lake, river, reservoir, or ground water aquifer from which water is drawn and treated).

Disinfection byproducts are formed when disinfectants used in a water treatment react with bromide and/or natural organic matter (i.e., decaying vegetation) present in the source water.

Disinfection byproducts for which regulations have been established have been identified in drinking water, including trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, bromate, and chlorite.

The Army will destroy the VX nerve agent stockpiled at the Newport Chemical Depot in western Indiana and then store the byproduct there until a decision is made on how to treat and dispose of it.

The VX neutralization at the depot is expected to result in 4 million gallons of a chemical byproduct called hydrolysate, which would require additional treatment at DuPont's Chambers Works plant in Deepwater, N.J., before it is dumped into the Delaware River.

The CDC report is critical in several areas, including the possibility of traces of VX still being present in the byproduct that would not be harmful to humans but could harm fish.

www.rense.com /general63/agen.htm (403 words)

Terre Haute, Indiana News :: TribStar.com :: VX byproduct may be taken to New Jersey(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)

The byproduct of VX neutralization may be headed to New Jersey, according to information obtained by the Tribune-Star on Friday.

DuPont Chambers Works waste water treatment plant in Deepwater, N.J., is the choice of Parsons Technology to treat and dispose of VX hydrolysate, the byproduct of VX neutralization, according to an environmental impact statement released by the Army on Friday.

The statement proposes neutralization of the entire stockpile of VX at the Newport Chemical Depot, with disposal of the hydrolysate at the New Jersey plant, which is permitted to treat and dispose of such liquid, the document states.

unless the Commission determines prior to such termination that transfer of title to such land and such byproduct material is not necessary or desirable to protect the public health, safety, or welfare or to minimize or eliminate danger to life or property.

(6) The transfer of title to land or byproduct materials, as defined in section 2014 (e)(2) of this title, to a State or the United States pursuant to this subsection shall not relieve any licensee of liability for any fraudulent or negligent acts done prior to such transfer.

In the case of such lands which are used for the disposal of byproduct material, as defined in section 2014 (e)(2) of this title, the licensee shall be required to enter into such arrangements with the Commission as may be appropriate to assure the long-term maintenance and monitoring of such lands by the United States.

"Byproduct material" means, for purposes of this Part only, the tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of uranium or thorium from any ore processed primarily for its source material content, including discrete surface wastes resulting from uranium solution extraction processes.

Source material milling facilities, and byproduct material surface impoundments and disposal areas shall be sited, designed, operated, closed, and controlled after closure so that exposures to individuals will be within the requirements established in the technical criteria in Sections 332.170, 332.180, 332.190 and 332.240.

Where such lands are used for the disposal of byproduct material, the licensee shall enter into arrangements with the NRC as may be appropriate to assure the long-term care of such lands by the United States of America.

Comparing their chemical composition to that of the byproduct always helps in the initial estimation of the level of substitution in isonitrogenous-isocaloric diets for monogastric animal in which the byproduct is to be fed.

Isonitrogenous-isocaloric experimental diets should be formulated including the byproduct to supply a key nutrient (primarily energy or protein) at 4 to 5 levels (eg: 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of that supplied by the substituted ingredient.

For any new byproduct or, if the chemical analysis value of the sample (moisture, N, ash, lipids, fibre) differs too much from the literature reference values, an analysis of AA is recommended.

Science Daily  CHAMPAIGN, Ill. -- A recently discovered disinfection byproduct (DBP) found in U.S. drinking water treated with chloramines is the most toxic ever found, says a scientist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign who tested samples on mammalian cells.

The use of chloramines, a combination of chlorine and ammonia, is one of three alternatives to chlorine disinfectant, which has been used for more than 100 years.

All treatments react to compounds present in a drinking water source, resulting in a variety of chemical disinfectant byproducts.