hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that affect the sympathetic nervous system in stress response (epi & ne)

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)

use of an insulin delivery device that is worn on the body (usually the abdomen) and subcutaneously infuses doses of insulin programmed according to the individual needs of the diabetic patient

insulin pump therapy

cretinism

condition of CONGENITAL HYPOTHYOidism in CHILDREN that results in a LACK of MENTAL DEVELOPMENT and DWARFED physical stature

the thyroid gland is either CONGENITALLY ABSENT of IMPERFECTLY developed

cushing syndrome

collections of signs & symptoms caused by an excessive level of CORTISOL HORMONE

may be due to excessive production by ADRENAL gland (often bc of tumor), or more commonly, occurs as side effect of treatment w/ glucocorticoid (steroid) hormones, such as prednisone for asthma, RA, lupus, or other inflammatory diseases

metabolic disorder caused by the absence or insufficient production of insulin secreted by the pancreas, resulting in hyperglycemia and glucosuria

diabetes=passing through

mellitus = sugar

diabetic ketoacidosis

presence of an ABNORMAL AMOUNT OF KETONE BODIES ( acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid) in the blood and urine indicating

epinephrine

secreted in response to fear or physical injury

adrenaline

estrogen

responsible for the development of female SECONDARY SEX characteristics

exophthalmos/exophthalmus

PROTRUSION of one or both EYEBALLS, often bc thyroid dysfunction or a tumor behind the eyeball

fasting blood sugar

measurement of blood sugar level after fasting for 12 hrs

follicle-stimulating hormone

FSH

initiates the growth of ovarian follicle

stimulates the secretion of estrogen in females and the production of sperm in males

glucagon

hormone secreted by ALPHA cells of the islets of Langerhans that serves to REGULATE CARBOHYDRATE metabolism by RAISING BLOOD SUGAR

glucocorticoids

regulate carbohydrate metabolism and have anti-inflammatory effects

cortisol is the most significant glucocorticoid

glucose tolerance test

GTT

measurement of the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates by administering a prescribed amount of glucose after a fasting period, then measuring blood and urine for glucose levels every hour thereafter for 4-6 hours

glycosylated hemoglobin

HbA1c

a molecule (fraction) in Hb, the level of which rises in the blood as a result of an increased level of blood sugar

a common blood test used in diagnosing and treating diabetes

goiter

ENLARGEMENT of the THYROID GLAND caused by thyroid dysfunction, tumor, lack of IODINE IN THE DIET, or INFLAMMATION