Sunday, June 17, 2012

Study : Oxidative Stress of Oxidative Shielding?

An interesting new paper is suggesting that the role of oxidative stress in chronic conditions such as autism might be misunderstood. Instead of being a damaging process that needs to be controlled, the process might instead be a protective mechanism that is preventing more damage.

I don't know enough about this subject to have much of an opinion either way. But the suggestion that we look beyond the oxidative stress to what is causing it certainly seems like a good idea.

The abstract is below.

Oxidative Shielding or Oxidative Stress?
Naviaux RK.

In this review I report evidence that the mainstream field of oxidative damage biology has been running fast in the wrong direction for over 50 years. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chronic oxidative changes in membrane lipids and proteins found in many chronic diseases are not the result of accidental damage. Instead, these changes are the result of a highly evolved, stereotyped, and protein-catalyzed "oxidative shielding" response that all eukaryotes adopt when placed in a chemically or microbially hostile environment. The machinery of oxidative shielding evolved from pathways of innate immunity designed to protect the cell from attack and to limit the spread of infection. Both oxidative and reductive stress trigger oxidative shielding. In the cases in which it has been studied explicitly, functional and metabolic defects occur in the cell before the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative changes. ROS are the response to disease, not the cause. Therefore, it is not the oxidative changes that should be targeted for therapy, but rather the metabolic conditions that create them. This fresh perspective is relevant to diseases that range from autism, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, cancer, heart disease, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer disease. Research efforts need to be redirected. Oxidative shielding is protective and is a misguided target for therapy. Identification of the causal chemistry and environmental factors that trigger innate immunity and metabolic memory that initiate and sustain oxidative shielding is paramount for human health.