Abstract: A study was conducted to deal with different issues related to livelihood and socioeconomic condition of the fishers living in the coastal zone of Bangladesh. Data was collected from different secondary sources and simple survey to serve the objectives of the study. The coastal fishers folk population of Bangladesh is approximately 550,000. Coastal zone of Bangladesh is basically blessed with fertile soil, mangrove forest and fisheries resources. In recent past years, the coastal fisheries resources have declined drastically due to overexploitation, destruction of near-shore habitats and inappropriate development policy and planning. The poor fishers are left behind and failed to reap the benefit of development policy and planning, as they have no power to participate in development processes. Natural calamities mostly cyclone and tidal surges affect the coastal fishers very frequently due to geographic position. Approximately 45 damaging cyclones have been reported in the coastal area of Bangladesh from 1793 to 1997. It is necessary to develop sound management practices of capture fisheries, developing alternative employment opportunities and social infrastructure for coastal fishers through integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) system for sustaining their better livelihood and socioeconomic condition. The basic social infrastructures including better communication network, educational institutes, cyclone shelter and safe water, sanitation & marketing facilities should be developed through the technical and financial support from government and non-government organizations.