Complexes 5 (above) and 6 (black ring behind it) hosted all of the manned and unmanned Mercury Redstone flights from 1960 to 1961. Alan Shepard, first American in space, and Gus Grissom, the second, launched from Pad 5 on suborbital flights on May 5 and July 21, 1961, respectively. The pads also hosted several Redstone IRBM launches and later other orbital and suborbital Jupiter and Redstone missions. The Redstone today is a mockup. Complexes 5 & 6 were declared National Historic Landmarks in 1984.