In livestock production, micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are involved in many metabolic pathways in the regulation of cell cycle and as modulators of the processes of replication and cell differentiation, and play an important role in the integrity of those tissues of rapid turnover as epithelia and the immune system. This is critical in the immune response of the animals against the challenges imposed by pathogens that cause disease. In this context, vitamins A, E, C and B complex, play important roles in the development of the immune system and immune response mechanisms, as these have demonstrated their ability to protect cells from free radical oxidation and to reduce the harmful effects of eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes), and to enhance the humoral and cellular immune response to the challenge of the disease. They can also significantly alter macrophage phagocytosis, monocyte activity, immunoglobulin production, the cytokine production and inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In the case of minerals, it has been shown that zinc, copper, chromium, iron and selenium, may influence various components of innate immunity, as these play an important role in the alteration of the injury radicals free tissue, and this phagocytic cells produce reactive oxidants as part of the defense against infectious agents and weaknesses of these can reduce the function of natural killer cells.