Gun concerns evoking sound and fury, but will anything change?

In the last three decades, the nation has grieved over more than 60 mass shootings.

But something changed after the massacre last month at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn. The thought of 20 once-smiling 6- and 7-year-olds suddenly riddled with nine, 10, even 11 bullets permeated the national psyche.

This week, President Barack Obama proposed the nation’s most aggressive gun control plan in generations. Governors have unveiled their own plans for restrictions. Groups who have been toiling for years on the vexing issue of gun violence suddenly have influence in a newly invigorated grass-roots movement.

Poll after poll finds more Americans agree that their elected officials need to do something, anything, to prevent more children from dying in a nation with more firearms than any other in the world.

“I … have never seen the nation’s conscience so shaken by what happened at Sandy Hook,” Vice President Joe Biden said this week. “The world has changed.”

But in Washington — where cooperation in a divided Congress is tenuous at best — it still may not be enough.

Some Democrats who have long supported gun rights have called for changes. But others on Capitol Hill, including most Republicans, remain opposed to restrictions on guns, worried that the government is chipping away at the freedoms this nation was founded on.

“While we mourn with those who have lost loved ones, in no way should the actions of those few who act illegally impact the constitutional rights of the many,” said Sen. James Inhofe, R-Okla.

The right to keep and bear arms has divided American society for decades. There are no signs it will stop now.

Rep. Richard Hudson, R-N.C., said, “Not a day passes that I don’t think about the Newtown community,” but he remains opposed to changing gun laws. Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C. called the shooting “heartbreaking and beyond words,” but he, too, is opposed.

“The only place where this is a heated partisan debate is in the halls of Congress,” said Dan Gross, the president of the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence. “It’s not among the American people.”

Politics, of course, plays a role. Obama, facing no other election, has a freedom he never had before. But every member of the House of Representatives and many senators will face voters as early as next year. And those considering presidential runs in 2016 can’t help but wonder how gun control helps or hurts their causes.

Former Congressman Tom Davis, a moderate Republican from Virginia who helps lead the Republican Main Street Partnership, which searches for “pragmatic, common-sense solutions,” according to its website, said his party had taken a beating in recent elections, which had prompted it to correctly reconsider what it stood for, but that didn’t necessarily need to include gun control.

“I think the brand is certainly hurting, but the ultimate question is, does it get better by breaking with the base and have it turn on you?” he asked.

Even Democrats have shied away from gun control since the 1990s — particularly after losing so many seats in the 1994 elections — when they realized it was working against them in marginal states. That’s why the shift among some now is so remarkable.

Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel, who worked in the White House under Obama and President Bill Clinton, recalled that Clinton succeeded in passing some gun control measures early in his first term: waiting periods, background checks and an assault weapons ban. But later, even after the 1999 massacre at Columbine High School in Colorado, which left 12 students and a teacher dead, the president wasn’t able to accomplish more.

“Everyone knows this will be a tough slog,” Emanuel said. “While Newtown has focused us … it’s been a tipping point, but it’s not a guarantee.”

A Pew Research Center survey released this week found that for the first time since Obama became president, more than 50 percent of the public — 51 percent, to be exact — thought it was important to control gun ownership. That’s only 4 percentage points higher than it was last summer after a gunman in a movie theater in Aurora, Colo., murdered a dozen people.

Obama avoided the contentious subject of gun control during his first term, expressing views on the topic when asked, but rarely volunteering or pushing for policy changes. The Brady Campaign, the pre-eminent gun-control organization in the nation, gave him an F.

But the president called the day of the Newtown shootings the worst of his presidency, tearing up twice publicly when speaking about the “precious” children who died. A month later, in a high-profile public announcement complete with White House flourishes, Obama proposed banning assault weapons, limiting the capacity of ammunition magazines, requiring background checks on all gun purchases, penalizing those who buy guns from unlicensed dealers, hiring 1,000 more school resource officers and spending millions more on training, research and counseling.

How successful he will eventually be when the wrangling begins next week on Capitol Hill remains to be seen.

Some governors, including possible presidential contenders in 2016, have lined up behind their own new restrictions.

New York was the first state to adopt sweeping changes to expand the ban on assault weapons and keep guns away from the mentally ill. “We don’t need another tragedy to point out the problems in the system,” Democratic Gov. Andrew Cuomo said at a news conference.

In Maryland, Democratic Gov. Martin O’Malley asked the legislature to ban military-style firearms and ammunition clips while revamping mental health and school safety programs. In Louisiana, Gov. Bobby Jindal, a possible Republican presidential hopeful, unveiled a plan to share information with the national criminal background-check system.

In New Jersey, another oft-mentioned GOP contender, Gov. Chris Christie, sidestepped a question about banning assault weapons. “The fact is, I’m willing to have that conversation,” he said. “That’s more than a lot of people will say.”

Almost overnight, those who back gun control were being courted by the White House and on Capitol Hill. Some formed new groups — most notably former Rep. Gabrielle Giffords, who survived a mass shooting in Tucson, Ariz., in 2011 — increased their lobbying, and received more attention in the media.

“There’s no question that after the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School, this time is different,” said Rep. Carolyn McCarthy, D-N.Y., whose husband was killed in a shooting on a Long Island commuter train in 1993. “We are hearing from more people than we’ve ever heard before.”