I'm an Okinawa Dugong: A dugong swims at Japan's Toba Aquarium. A US federal judge ruled recently that a proposed US military base in Okinawa must take into account its impact on the endangered sea cow. A lawsuit had argued that the Defense Department failed to study how the base could affect a culturally significant area, thus violating the National Historic Preservation Act.

COURTESY OF TOBA AQUARIUM

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Why not? The luxury spa Kanna Thalasso Okinawa was built among the potato patches and sugar-cane fields in Ginoza Village. It's one of many plush facilities that have sprung up in a sparsely populated region in northern Okinawa since the late 1990s.

Nago, Japan — A recent ruling against the US Defense Department ordering compliance with the National Historic Preservation Act on a proposed military base in Okinawa could harm US realignment plans – and cause considerable economic loss in the northern part of the Japanese island.

A federal judge in San Francisco ruled in January that the Defense Department violated the NHPA since it failed to consider the impact of the proposed base on an endangered marine mammal. US District Judge Marilyn Hall Patel told the military to submit documentation within 90 days to evaluate the potential consequences for the Okinawa dugong.

A change in construction plans could mean a suspension of related government aid to economically depressed northern Okinawa. The average annual salary there is $30,631, according to 2006 figures, far below the national average of $45,730. Such aid was already suspended once last year, a result of frustration in Tokyo over the sluggish pace of progress on the base.

In the late 1990s, Okinawa and the city of Nago agreed to put up a replacement facility on the east coast of the city in exchange for programs worth more than $900 million over 10 years. Since then, Nago has been awash in government subsidies, tax breaks, and other perks. The government, for example, chose the city, 1,000 miles southwest of Tokyo, as a main venue of the 2000 summit meeting of major industrialized nations. Sparsely populated parts of Nago have been transformed by the rise of plush buildings. Tokyo spent more than $90 million to open the Okinawa National College of Technology in 2004, located in front of US Marine Corps Camp Schwab, where the US and Japan plan to build the replacement facility. Some $38 million funded three "intelligent buildings" that hold 16 companies and employ 429 workers. Last year, an $8-million community center opened.

"It's breathtaking," says Etsuko Urashima, a local author. "When it comes to military base-linked projects, the government pours as much money as they want."

Critics say the facilities are financial follies, but Japanese officials say that they are needed to spur the economy and create more jobs. Tolerance for a continued US military presence is another concern. But those goals are hard to reach. For example, the government put more than $20 million into a luxury spa, Kanna Thalasso Okinawa, built among potato and sugar-cane fields in Ginoza Village. It drew about 150,000 customers last year. But a local official says the spa, where only 10 full-timers and 30 part-timers work, incurred debt as oil prices soared.

"The Japanese government wrongly believed Okinawa could accept a plan to put up a new US military base as long as Tokyo keeps pouring money into the island," says Ryunosuke Megumi, an Okinawa-based political analyst and former member of the Self Defense Forces.

Hiroyuki Teruya, a law professor at Okinawa International University, says Okinawa was exploited for decades by the US military and the Japanese government. The 1995 rape of a schoolgirl by three US servicemen sparked huge protests, prompting the US and Japan to promise a less oppressive military presence. Closing Futenma was the focus of the pledge.

"Does Okinawa have to host so many military bases to receive economic assistance?" asks Mr. Teruya. "There is no place like Okinawa on earth."