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Remote Sensing (RS):  Images can be recorded from different sampling distance, in optional time and in the required wavelenght ranges  Large amount of data can be detected from wide area, in a short time  Invisible phenomena can be monitored, as well  Change of the phenomena can be tracked MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007.

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 It does not have an affect on the target object  Lots of sensors are available depending on the required wavelenght ranges  Measurable, phisical data can be collected during the operation  Collected data can be integrated to databases storing complex and spatial information Benefits of RS MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007.

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Electro-magnetics radiation from the space comes into contact with the elements of the ground surface Basis of RS reflect absorb pass through (e.g. on water) Their rates depend on the type and the status of the ground surface Objects of the ground surface have different spectral features Objects and shapes reflect a differing way in every single spectral range Multispectral data acquisition is based on this concept MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007.

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Electro-magnetics radiation Its source is mainly the SUN Passive RS Passive sensors Active RS Active sensors Measurement of the radiation coming from the Sun and reflected by the ground surface, or emitted by the objects themselves – efficiency depends on the weather conditions (cameras, multispectral, hyperspectral and termal scanners) Both the source and the sensors are equiped on an airplane or a satellite (radars, lidars – distance meters) MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007.

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Electro-magnetics spectra (3) WINDOWS Wavelenght ranges, where the absorption of the atmosphere is minimal, are called WINDOWS O p t i c a l WINDOW Micro-wave WINDOW Source:

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Presented by graphs spectral reflectance curves Each materials and surface shapes have a special reflectance curve due to their own different features Spectral reflection Forrás: David Landgrebe Forrás: Buiten,1993 Land cover Clay content Water content MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007. Source: Water Tree Soil

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The multispectral and hyperspectral (HS) imaging technologies are the most advanced generation of the RS Advantages of the HS sensors:  Nowadays measurments are taken on hundreds of bands (VIS 400-900 nm, NIR 900-1700 nm)  Bandwidht < 10 nm continualcontiguous  Bands are continual, RS is on a contiguous wave-lenght  Most of them are dual-camera (400-2400 nm) airborne sensor Airborne Hyperspectral RS (1) The HS imaging records the spatial and the spectral features of the samples Source: FVMMGI Scanning the surface of the sample storing the image made by the matrix sensor Combination of the images „spectral datacube” HS information datablock MOKKA Conference, June 15. 2007.