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Abstract: Just as patriots in the United States, Mexican rebels initially sought local autonomy rather than independence. After two priests initiated regional insurrections, the war for independence often became local confl icts rather than a movement for national liberation. This became particularly evident when upper class forces battled Hidalgo and Morelos, who attempted to use the insurrection to obtain redress of socioeconomic problems. Eventually the criollo determination to control Mexico triumphed when the unheralded Iturbide provided the formula for consensus with his brilliant Plan de Iguala.