notes for chapter 13 textbook readings associated with lecture 10

8
Pages

127
Views

Unlock Document

School

University of Toronto Mississauga

Department

Sociology

Course

SOC341H5

Professor

Lina Samuel

Semester

Fall

Description

Chapter 13: Living in the Credential Gap by David W. Livingstone page 299- 319. For Nov. 18 Lecture 10 Section VII Education, Training, and Skills in a Knowledge-Based Economy. Credential gap = discrepancies between the formal educational attainments of current job holders and the attainments now required by employers to enter such jobs o 1) underemployed = job holders who have more schooling then their employers require o 2) underqualified = job holders who have less schooling then is required by employers o For these people their underqualification has been created by credential inflation since they took the job Further education has become a pervasive means of coping with job insecurity on both sides of the credential gap Tracing the Credential Gap There are always mismatches between employers aggregate demand and requirements for employees on one hand, and on the other, the aggregate supply and qualifications of job seekers With the expansion of formal schooling there has been a large supply of highly educated and credentialed people who cannot find commensurate jobs The two most recognized post-WWII changes in patterns of paid employment in Canada have been the sectoral shift from resource extraction manufacturing to service sector; and the growing participation of women in the workforce-- > long with these trends has been a decline in the proportion of jobs requiring basic literacy and numeracy skills, and an increasing reliance on educational credentials and specific occupational preparation rather than general practical competence for entry into secure, well paid full time jobs the educational and training requirements of the occupational structure seem to be increasingly general, but good and bad jobs are becoming more polarized and women still tend to be relegated to insecure, poorly paid part-time jobs within the expanding service sector the major change over the last decade has been an increase in the amount of jobs that require a high school diploma, while # of jobs requiring less then a diploma have decreased average number of years of schooling for Canadians in the labour force has increased since WW2 www.notesolution.com