DGAT1 Keeps Your Skin And Hair Healthy

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A team of researchers at the Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease (GICD) has discovered that an enzyme linked to the synthesis of fat in the body is also an element in healthy skin and hair.

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The enzyme is DGAT1. Mice that lack DGAT1 have many interesting characteristics. For example, they are lean, resistant to diet-induced obesity, are more sensitive to insulin and leptin, and have abnormalities in mammary gland development and skin.

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When researchers used genetic engineering to delete the enzyme in mice, they found that lack of DGAT1 caused levels of retinoic acid (RA) to be greatly increased in skin and resulted in the loss of hair.

"For some time, we have been studying the enzymes that make triglycerides. We found that one of these enzymes is a major regulator of retinoic acid actions in the skin." said Robert V. Farese, Jr., senior investigator and senior author on the study.

RA, which comes from vitamin A (retinol), has been used to treat skin disorders, such as acne and psoriasis, and certain cancers, but it is fairly toxic and must be carefully controlled.

In mice without DGAT1, the skin was very sensitive to retinol. The loss of DGAT1 also caused alopecia, or hair loss. Both of these effects could be prevented by depriving the mice of a source of retinol in their diet. It turns out that DGAT1 can convert retinol to a relatively inert storage form.

Without DGAT1, this ability is lost, and any excess retinol in the skin can be converted to RA.

Michelle Shih, the lead author on the study, said: "Our results show that DGAT1 is an important component for controlling retinoic acid levels in the skin of mice. These findings may have implications for the treatment of human skin or hair disorders."

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