.levied troops,- in 6rder to reinforce Q. Cornificius. Fearing the fleet of the Pompeiani, he went l>y land, and, on his march, was much harassed by the .Dal­matians. In the neighbourhood of Salonae, after having lost more than 2000 men in an engagement with the natives, he threw himself into the town with the remainder of his forces, and for some time defended himself bravely against M. Octavius, but, in a few months, he was seized with a mortal illness, and died about the end of the year b. c. »48, or the beginning of the following year. (Ap-pian, Ittyr. 12 and 27, Bell. Civ. ii. 59 ; Dion Cass. xlii. 11, 12.)

6. A. GABumis; i&SENNA, the son of No. 5, by his wife Loflia, accomparaed his father to Syria, and remained in that province^ with, a few troops, while his father was engaged in resforiag; Ptolemy Auletes to the throne of Egypt. When Memmias was exciting the people against his father, he flung himself at the feet of Memmius, who treated him with indignity, and was not softened by his supplicating posture. In classical writers he is never spoken of by any other name than Sisenna. (Val. Max. viii. 1. § 3 ; Dion Cass. xxxix. 56.)

7. P. gabiniusCAPiTo'was praetor in b. c. 89, and afterwards propraetor in Achaia, where he was guilty of extortion, for which, upon his return to Rome, he was accused by L; Piso (whom the Achaei had selected as their patronus), and con­demned. (Cic. pro Arch. 5, Div. in Caecil. 20.) Lactantius (i. 6) mentions him as one of the three deputies who were sent in b.c. 76 to Erythrae to collect Sibylline prophecies.

8. P. gabiniuscapito(perhaps a son of No .7) was one of the most active of Catiline's accom­ plices. When questioned by Cicero, who sent for him after the arrest of the Allobrogian deputies, he at first boldly denied having had any communica­ tion with them. He was afterwards consigned to the custody of M. Crassus, and executed. He seems to be the same as C. GabiniusCimber. (Sail. Bell. Cat. 17, 40, 44, 47, 55,; Cic. in Cat. iii. 3, 5, 6, iv. 6.) [J. T. G.]

GADATAS (FaSc&ras], an Assyrian satrap, re­volted to Cyrus, according to Xenophon in the Dyropaedeia, to revenge himself on the king of Assyria, who had had him made an eunuch be-rause, being a handsome man, one of the royal •,oncubines had cast on him an eye of favour. Having found means to betray to Cyrus an im->ortant fortress, his province was invaded by the

195

GAEA.

Assyrian king ; but Cyrus hastened to his relief, and saved him and his forces at a very critical moment. After this Gadatas, through fear of the Assyrians, left his satrapy and joined the army of Cyrus, to whom he proved of great use, through his knowledge of the country. On the capture of Babylon, the king was slain by Gadatas and Go-bryas. (Xen. Cyrop. v. 2. § 28, 3. §§ 8—29, 4. §§ 1—14, 29—40, vii. 5. §§ 24—32.) [E. K]

GAEA or GE (To?a or Trj)9 the personification of the earth. She appears in the character of a divine being as early as the Homeric poems, for we read in the Iliad (iii. 104) that black sheep were sacrificed to her, and that she was invoked by per­sons taking oaths, (iii. 278, xv. 36, xix. 259, Od. v. 124.) She is further called, in the Homeric poems, the mother of Erechtheus and Tithyus. (II. ii. 548, Od. vii. 324, xi. 576 ; comp. Apollon. Rhod. i. 762, iii. 716.) According to the Theo-gony of Hesiod (117, 125, &c.), she was the first being that sprang fromChaos, and gave birth to Uranus and Pbntus. By Uranus she then became tfee mother of a series of beings, — Oceanus, Coeus, Cremsv Kyperion, lapetus, Theia, Rheia, Themis, Mnemosyne,, Phoebe, Thetys, Cronos, the Cyclopes, Brontes, Steropes, Arges, Cottus, Briareus, and Gyges. These children of Ge and Uranus were hated by their father, and (^therefore concealed them in the bosom of the earth j but she made a large iron sickle, gave it to her sons, and requested them to take vengeance upon their father. Cronos undertook the task, and mutilated Uranus. The drops of blood which fell from him upon the earth (Ge), became the seeds of the Erinnyes, the Gi-gantes, and the Melian nymphs. Subsequently Ge became, by Pontus, the mother of Nereus, Thaitr-mas, Phorcys, Ceto, and Eurybia. (Hes. Theog. 232, &c. ; Apollod. i. 1. § 1, &c.) Besides these, however, various other divinities and monsters sprang from her. As Ge was the source from which arose the vapours producing divine inspiration, she herself also was regarded as an oracular divinity, and it is well known that the oracle of Delphi was believed to have at first been in her possession (Aeschyl. Eum. 2 ; Paus. x. 5. § 3), and at Olympia, too, she had an oracle in early times. (Paus. v. 14. § 8.) That Ge belonged to the &eol ^flowo*, re­quires no explanation, and hence she is frequently mentioned where they are invoked. (Philostr,. Vii. Apoll. vi. 39 ; Ov. Met. vii. 196.) The surnames and epithets given to Ge have more or less refer­ence to her character as the all-producing and all-nourishing mother (mater omniparenset a/w/a), and hence Servius(adAen. iv. 166) classes her together with the divinities presiding over marriage. Her worship appears to have been universal among the Greeks, and she had temples or altars at Athens, Sparta, Delphi, Olympia, Bura, Tegea, Phlyus, and other places. (Thuc. ii. 15 ; Paus. i. 22. § 3, 24. § 3, 31. § 2j- iii. 11. § 8, 12. § 7, v. 14. § 8, vii. 25. § 8, viii. 48. § 6.) We have express state­ments attesting the existence of statues of Ge in Greece, but none have come down to us. At Patrae she was represented in a sitting attitude, in the temple of Demeter (Paus. vii. 21. §4), and at Athens, too, there was a statue of her. (i. 24. § 3.) Servius(ad Aen. x. 252) remarks that she was re­presented with a key.

At Rome the earth was worshipped under the name of Tellus(which is only a variation of Terra}. There, too, she was regarded as an infernal divinity