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1 Assessment Chapter Test B The Movement of Ocean Water USING KEY TERMS Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each term may be used only once. Some terms may not be used. Coriolis effect deep currents El Niño surface currents tides tidal range tsunami upwelling wavelength 1. Although they flow near the top of the ocean, can reach depths of several hundred meters. H2Os1 2. Although they flow near the bottom of the ocean, sometimes flow on top of other currents. H2Os1 3. The negative effects of include flash floods, mudslides and droughts. H2Os2 4. The is used to measure wave periods and therefore wave speed. H2Os3 5. The difference between levels of ocean water at high tide and low tide is called a(n). H2Os4 UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. 6. How do changes in the circulation of ocean currents affect climate? a. by changing the atmosphere c. by increasing salinity b. by moving water clockwise d. by changing the tides H2Os2 7. Which event does NOT happen as the result of an upwelling? H2Os2 a. Cold-water currents replace warm-water currents. b. Surface currents flow away from the shore. c. The California Current moves water south from the North Pacific. d. Plants get the minerals they need for photosynthesis. 8. If the wavelength of a wave stays the same, what happens when the wave period increases? H2Os3 a. increase in wave speed c. decrease in wave speed b. increase in wave height d. decrease in wave height Holt Science and Technology 54 The Movement of Ocean Water

2 9. Which of the following is most likely to spread pollution along the shore? a. upwelling H2Os13 c. undertow b. breaker d. longshore current 10. When do the greatest tidal ranges occur? H2Os4 a. spring tides c. high tides b. neap tides d. low tides 11. What three factors control surface currents? H2Os1 12. What are three factors that control deep currents? H2Os1 13. What forms of technology are scientists using to study El Niño? H2Os2 14. Explain why waves break as they reach the shore. H2Os3 15. Explain how the positions of the Earth, moon, and sun affect the tides. H2Os4 Holt Science and Technology 55 The Movement of Ocean Water

3 CRITICAL THINKING 16. Do winds and currents flow faster at the equator than at the poles, or more slowly? Think about what you know regarding the shape and rotation of the Earth, the directions of currents, and convection. Make inferences from what you know. Then give reasons to support your answer. H2Os1 17. El Niño can prevent upwelling along the Pacific Coast. What might happen if normal upwelling does not take place? Make predictions and support them with facts from the chapter. H2Os3 18. How might a heavy undertow affect the formation of breakers above it? Use your answer to question 14 to form a hypothesis. H2Os3 19. Why should people who live in coastal areas learn about currents, waves, and tides? Give examples of how waves and tides could affect everyday lives. H2Os3 Holt Science and Technology 56 The Movement of Ocean Water

4 CONCEPT MAPPING 20. Use the following terms to complete the concept map below: breakers deep-water waves surf swells undertow H2Os3 Wave behavior is different in a. than in shallow-water waves, which include in which water builds into and whitecaps b. c. and then crashes into the d. and then flows out in the e. Holt Science and Technology 57 The Movement of Ocean Water

5 TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE SECTION: TIDES 1. J 6. G 2. A 7. I 3. D 8. F 4. B 9. E 5. C 10. H Chapter Test A 1. C 13. A 2. B 14. F 3. A 15. E 4. C 16. B 5. C 17. D 6. D 18. C 7. B 19. A 8. A 20. C 9. C 21. B 10. B 22. D 11. C 23. B 12. D 24. C Chapter Test B 1. surface currents 2. deep currents 3. El Niño 4. wavelength 5. tidal range 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. global winds, the Coriolis effect, continental deflections 12. density, salinity, and temperature; accept also the Coriolis effect. 13. buoys, satellites 14. As deep-water waves become shallowwater waves, the water particles slow down and build up. This change forces more water between wave crests, which increases wave height. 15. During spring tides, the gravity of the sun and pull on the Earth either from the same direction or from opposite directions, producing higher tidal ranges. During neap tides, the sun and moon are at right angles with respect to Earth. This lessens their pull on Earth, producing lower tidal ranges. 16. Winds and currents flow faster at the equator than at the poles. One reason equatorial currents are faster is that they are warmer. Another reason is that the speed of the Earth s rotation is much faster at the equator. (A point near the poles and a point at the equator both rotate in 24 hours, but the point at the equator has traveled a much greater distance in that time.) 17. If El Niño prevents an upwelling, nutrients from the ocean floor are not brought up to the surface. This deprives tiny shore plants and animals of nutrients and harms the shoreline ecosystem. 18. Breakers form as waves interact with the ocean floor. Undertows are moving out to sea along the ocean floor. Therefore undertows must contribute to the slowing down of incoming waves and the buildup of water molecules that cause the waves to increase in height. 19. People in coastal areas should learn about tides and waves in order to predict the best times for using the beach, to prevent accidents, and to stay alert for dangers, such as storm surges. 20. a. deep-water waves b. swells c. breakers d. surf e. undertow Chapter Test C 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D 16. C Holt Science and Technology 98 The Movement of Ocean Water

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