While men get a “fatherhood bonus” of 6% for every child they have, women get a 4% “motherhood penalty” and, for high-skill, high-paid women workers, that income penalty rises to 10% according to research published in the American Sociological Review. Earlier research found that women with “high-honor” undergraduate or advanced degrees, 69% of women would not have left their jobs to raise a family if they had the flexibility to do both. But even when flexibility is there for women, exercising that benefit is not advantageous to them, others perceiving taking time off to care for children the equivalent of taking a vacation. Finally, while working mothers’ competencies are 10% lower than their single counterparts, studies have shown that mothers are more productive workers.