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24 April 2016

Capturing the birth of the universe: Model simulates cosmic particles that appeared seconds after the Big Seed

One of the biggest questions physicists are striving to answer is what happened moments after the Big Seed.

How the universe as we know it now evolved is a complex question involving study by vastly different branches of physics including particle physics, nuclear physics and cosmology.

Now a team in the US has brought together the most recent advances in all of these disciplines to create a computer model simulating the first few minutes after the universe came into existence.

A few seconds after the Big Seed, the universe was made of a thick, 10-billion degree 'cosmic soup' of subatomic particles. As the hot universe expanded, the interactions of these particles caused the universe to behave like a cooling thermonuclear reactor. This reactor produced light nuclei, such as hydrogen, helium, and lithium, found in the universe today.

The amounts of the light nuclei created depends on what other particles, like neutrinos, were in the 'soup' and how they interacted with each other. 'Neutrinos are very interesting, they're the second most abundant particle in the universe after photons yet we still have much to learn about them,' said Dr Evan Grohs, co-author of the study.

'By comparing our calculations with cosmological observables, such as the deuterium abundance,' said Dr Grohs. 'We can use our Burst computer code to test theories regarding neutrinos, along with other, even less understood, particles. It can be difficult to test these theories in terrestrial labs, so our work provides a window into an otherwise inaccessible area of physics.'

The model simulates conditions during the first few minutes of cosmological evolution to model the role of neutrinos, nuclei and other particles in shaping the early universe. It 'promises to open up new avenues for investigating existing puzzles of cosmology,' said Los Alamos physicist Professor Mark Paris. 'These include the nature and origin of visible matter and the properties of the more mysterious dark matter and dark radiation.'

'The frontiers of fundamental physics have traditionally been studied with particle colliders, such as the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, by smashing together subatomic particles at great energies,' said Professor George Fuller, a physicist at the University of San Diego who collaborated with Professor Paris to develop the new theoretical model.

'The Burst computer code allows physicists to exploit the early universe as a laboratory to study the effect of fundamental particles present in the early universe,' Professor Paris said. 'Our new work in neutrino cosmology allows the study of the microscopic, quantum nature of fundamental particles - the basic, subatomic building blocks of nature - by simulating the universe at its largest, cosmological scale.'

The group said the work is important for nuclear data and could help in areas like nuclear energy, safety and security.

'The early universe is becoming such a tightly constrained environment with increasingly good measurements that we can test our descriptions of microscopic quantum physics, such as nuclear cross sections, to high accuracy,' added Professor Paris.

This research has become possible only recently with the advent of astronomers' precision measurements of the amounts of nuclei present in the early universe. These measurements were made with 'Very Large' telescopes, which are about 32ft (10 metres) wide. The computer code has been developed in anticipation of the data that will be gathered by the next generation of 'extremely large' telescopes.

The telescopes, 98ft (30 metres) across, are currently under construction. 'With coming improvements in cosmological observations, we expect our Burst computer code to be useful for many years to come,' said Professor Paris.

The group is planning to improve the model to exploit the precision cosmological observations to reveal even more exotic physics such as the nature of dark matter and dark radiation.

A complete understanding of dark matter, which comprises about a quarter of the mass in the universe, is currently lacking, Professor Paris said.

Parrhesia

The two all-time most popular posts of Transudationism

A modern-day classic

All life is a form of light, and the cosmos is a holonic Holy Hologram.

Immanence ≋ Transcendence

Transudationism: mankinds' cosmic ideology.

SIC ITUR AD ASTRA!

Ascensional Transudation

Cosmic Evolution

All history is the history of the evolutionary transubstantiation of matter to Spirit via biological-life processes of Blood and Reason.

Alexandr Solzhenitsyn's concluding thoughts from his 1978 Harvard address, A World Split Apart

Alexandr Solzhenitsyn's concluding thoughts from his famous 1978 Harvard address,"A World Split Apart":

It would be retrogression to attach oneself today to the ossified formulas of the Enlightenment. Social dogmatism leaves us completely helpless in front of the trials of our times.

Even if we are spared destruction by war, our lives will have to change if we want to save life from self-destruction. We cannot avoid revising the fundamental definitions of human life and human society. Is it true that man is above everything? Is there no Superior Spirit above him? Is it right that man's life and society's activities have to be determined by material expansion in the first place? Is it permissible to promote such expansion to the detriment of our spiritual integrity?

If the world has not come to its end, it has approached a major turn in history, equal in importance to the turn from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. It will exact from us a spiritual upsurge, we shall have to rise to a new height of vision, to a new level of life where our physical nature will not be cursed as in the Middle Ages, but, even more importantly, our spiritual being will not be trampled upon as in the Modern era.

This ascension will be similar to climbing onto the next anthropologic stage. No one on earth has any other way left but - upward.

In recent times it has been fashionable to talk of the levelling of nations, of the disappearance of different races in the melting-pot of contemporary civilization. I do not agree with this opinion, but its discussion remains another question. Here it is merely fitting to say that the disappearance of nations would have impoverished us no less than if all men had become alike, with one personality and one face. Nations are the wealth of mankind, its collective personalities; the very least of them wears its own special colours and bears within itself a special facet of divine intention.

Dr. Paul Craig Roberts

Neoconservatives used 9/11 to launch their plan for US world hegemony. Their plan fit with the interests of America’s ruling oligarchies. Wars are good for the profits of the military/security complex, about which President Eisenhower warned us in vain a half century ago. American hegemony is good for the oil industry’s control over resources and resource flows. The transformation of the Middle East into a vast American puppet state serves well the Israel Lobby’s Zionist aspirations for Israeli territorial expansion.

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MIdwest Book Review:

"The seed of the universe is the big bang, says Kyle McDermott in 'The Declaration of White Independence: The Founding Documents of Transudationism'. An explanation of this view which holds that all of current humanity and life on Earth today was intentionally set in motion all those billions of years ago, 'The Declaration of White Independence' probes matters of cosmological significance with straightforward candor and accessibility. Featuring intriguing concepts and ideas, 'The Declaration of White Independence' is highly recommended for metaphysical studies shelves."

The Music of Life: Biology Beyond Genes

and speaking of cosmic symphonies, Julianne Hough

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