Global energy consumption grows by around 30% over the Outlook; the global economy nearly doubles in size; and energy intensity falls faster than at any time since at least 1965

Annual growth in global energy consumption

Fossil fuels contribution to global primary energy growth

Growth in renewables over the outlook

World energy demand is projected to grow by 1.3% p.a. from 2015 to 2035. Virtually all of this growth comes from emerging economies, with China and India accounting for over half the increase.

Global energy intensity (the ratio of energy demand to GDP) is projected to decline by 2% p.a. over this period – faster than in any 20-year period since our data began in 1965.

Gas grows faster than coal and oil, (1.6% p.a.), overtaking coal to become the second-largest global fuel source by 2035. Oil remains the dominant global fuel and continues to grow (0.7% p.a.) but at a slowing pace. Coal growth slows sharply (0.2% p.a.), well below the average growth of the previous 20 years (2.7% p.a.). Coal demand peaks in the mid-2020s.

Nuclear, hydro and other renewables together account for half of the growth in energy supplies over the next 20 years, with their share in primary energy rising from 15% to 23% by 2035.

Solar and wind are the two fastest growing fuels, with solar rising more than eightfold and wind more than fourfold over the Outlook.

Nearly two thirds of the increase in global energy demand is for power generation, as the world economy continues to electrify.

Global liquids demand (oil, biofuels and other liquids) increases by around 15 Mb/d to reach 110 Mb/d by 2035. The transport sector accounts for about two-thirds of this increase in demand.

Global oil production becomes geographically more concentrated as low cost producers gain share. The Middle East, US, and Russia account for 63% of oil production in 2035, up from 56% in 2015.

Shale gas accounts for around two-thirds of the growth in global gas supplies over the Outlook and a quarter of global gas supplies by 2035.

Liquefied natural gas grows nearly three times faster than international gas trade, so by 2035 LNG accounts for around half of all globally traded gas.

CO2 emissions from energy use continue to grow, rising by 13% by 2035. This is despite emissions growing at less than a third of the rate seen in the past 20 years (0.6% p.a. vs 2.1% p.a.).