I've always used the "Yellow-Bitter" profile, but on a whim last time, I used the "Pale Ale Profile" in martin's sheet last IPA and I don't think I really cared for it - beer tasted a bit too minerally, sharp and the body was not what I was used to. Could be other factors, but I am a little gun-shy to use that profile again.

Am brewing IPA again today and tomorrow for a big local festival, and was thinking of this instead:

8gal Mashwater:

starting with RO: add 10gm gypsum, 4.4 epsom, 2.6gm CaCl

resulting profile:

101.5 Ca14.3 Mg8.0 Na242.0 SO446.1 Cl16.0 Bicarb

Expected pH 5.3

I like the initial look of this prior to brewing since i still get a high Sulfate vs. Chloride ratio and more importantly, the bicarb is low while in the PA profile its almost 110.

Thoughts?

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I would go with only 5g gypsum and 2.5g CaCl. I once attempted to augment the Mg in my soft water with Epsom and didn't like the resulting taste. So I don't worry about Mg anymore. Per Martin: "A typical barley or wheat mash grist should contribute more than 5 ppm magnesium to the wort for proper yeast flocculation so it should not be necessary to add magnesium to brewing water unless desired for its flavor effects. "

That modest Mg content is probably not going to alter the taste that much. The main objection is probably the sulfate and calcium. The bicarbonate is there only as necessary to produce an acceptable mash pH. I assume Paul adjusted it up or down to meet the needs of his mash.

If that Pale Ale profile was not to your liking, I would reduce the sulfate even lower than 242 ppm. A 60 ppm reduction is not that significant if you were used to (and liked) about 100 ppm. I'd drop it to about 200, since that is midway.

Remember if you find water profiles that are more to your liking, custom water profiles can be entered into the water profile table on the Water Adjustment sheet. The table even has the ability to error check your ion totals to make sure that you enter a reasonably 'balanced' set of ion inputs.

By the way, I'll be brewing my next SNPA using the yellow bitter profile. I've always used the Pale Ale profile and like it, but AJ kept hounding me that better pale ales can be made with lower sulfate content. I'll be finding out. The good thing is that I can always add additional gypsum to the keg if I don't like the low sulfate taste!

That modest Mg content is probably not going to alter the taste that much. The main objection is probably the sulfate and calcium. The bicarbonate is there only as necessary to produce an acceptable mash pH. I assume Paul adjusted it up or down to meet the needs of his mash.

If that Pale Ale profile was not to your liking, I would reduce the sulfate even lower than 242 ppm. A 60 ppm reduction is not that significant if you were used to (and liked) about 100 ppm. I'd drop it to about 200, since that is midway.

Remember if you find water profiles that are more to your liking, custom water profiles can be entered into the water profile table on the Water Adjustment sheet. The table even has the ability to error check your ion totals to make sure that you enter a reasonably 'balanced' set of ion inputs.

By the way, I'll be brewing my next SNPA using the yellow bitter profile. I've always used the Pale Ale profile and like it, but AJ kept hounding me that better pale ales can be made with lower sulfate content. I'll be finding out. The good thing is that I can always add additional gypsum to the keg if I don't like the low sulfate taste!

That modest Mg content is probably not going to alter the taste that much. The main objection is probably the sulfate and calcium. The bicarbonate is there only as necessary to produce an acceptable mash pH. I assume Paul adjusted it up or down to meet the needs of his mash.

If that Pale Ale profile was not to your liking, I would reduce the sulfate even lower than 242 ppm. A 60 ppm reduction is not that significant if you were used to (and liked) about 100 ppm. I'd drop it to about 200, since that is midway.

Remember if you find water profiles that are more to your liking, custom water profiles can be entered into the water profile table on the Water Adjustment sheet. The table even has the ability to error check your ion totals to make sure that you enter a reasonably 'balanced' set of ion inputs.

By the way, I'll be brewing my next SNPA using the yellow bitter profile. I've always used the Pale Ale profile and like it, but AJ kept hounding me that better pale ales can be made with lower sulfate content. I'll be finding out. The good thing is that I can always add additional gypsum to the keg if I don't like the low sulfate taste!

This may be a situation where tastes and genetics collide. I don't consider myself a super taster, but, with repect to sulfur aromas, I may be one. I personally intensely dislike sulfate aromas regardless of source (e.g., water or yeast strain) as it evokes "septic" and "rot/decay" perceptions--i.e., unpleasant and not something I want to put in my mouth. I think you'll find AJ's suggestion to be a good one. I routinely use the more balanced SO4:Cl levels (usually around 50-60 ppm) on the "yellow, balanced" profile, while keeping ca levels over 50 ppm. I think if one is brewing an APA, and agrees with the notion of using clean ale yeast (e.g., WY1056), and restraint with the grain bill with respect to specialty and crystal malts, then why wouldn't one want to use a "cleaner" (i.e., less minerally) water profile? Let the focus be on the hop bitterness, flavor, and aromas. IMO, AJ is definitely right on this point.

I am tempted to try Stone's water profile (with adjustments for pH if necessary) as stated in Koch's book:

30ppm Ca12ppm Mg85ppm Sulfate40ppm Sodium

The low Ca and high Na are scary though.

When we toured Stone, the guide said that the tap water was blended with RO, 50:50. I am too lazy to look up the water profile for that part of the country, but they get a fair amount from the Colorado River, which is full of minerals. The profile above may be what they have in the HLT.

There was also a shipping pallet stacked high with a 50 Lb bags of Gypsum and Calcium Chloride. I assume they use those minerals to adjust for the beer they are brewing.

I think you have to experiment and find what works for you.

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Jeff RankertAnn Arbor Brewers GuildAHA Governing Committee BJCP NationalHome-brewing, not just a hobby, it is a lifestyle!

I am tempted to try Stone's water profile (with adjustments for pH if necessary) as stated in Koch's book:

30ppm Ca12ppm Mg85ppm Sulfate40ppm Sodium

The low Ca and high Na are scary though.

When we toured Stone, the guide said that the tap water was blended with RO, 50:50. I am too lazy to look up the water profile for that part of the country, but they get a fair amount from the Colorado River, which is full of minerals. The profile above may be what they have in the HLT.

There was also a shipping pallet stacked high with a 50 Lb bags of Gypsum and Calcium Chloride. I assume they use those minerals to adjust for the beer they are brewing.

40 ppm sodium is not that high. Don't worry too much about that.

The Colorado River water quality is not too good for brewing. Ask any Las Vegan or Los Angeleno. Diluting with RO is a reasonable alternative.

Hmm??? I have no idea what a brewer would do with bags of minerals! ;-)

I am tempted to try Stone's water profile (with adjustments for pH if necessary) as stated in Koch's book:

30ppm Ca12ppm Mg85ppm Sulfate40ppm Sodium

The low Ca and high Na are scary though.

When we toured Stone, the guide said that the tap water was blended with RO, 50:50. I am too lazy to look up the water profile for that part of the country, but they get a fair amount from the Colorado River, which is full of minerals. The profile above may be what they have in the HLT.

There was also a shipping pallet stacked high with a 50 Lb bags of Gypsum and Calcium Chloride. I assume they use those minerals to adjust for the beer they are brewing.

40 ppm sodium is not that high. Don't worry too much about that.

The Colorado River water quality is not too good for brewing. Ask any Las Vegan or Los Angeleno. Diluting with RO is a reasonable alternative.

Hmm??? I have no idea what a brewer would do with bags of minerals! ;-)

Having bathed in Colorado river water for 15 days once, I can say it is wet in a grimy way. The drinking water was run through a .2 micron filter, IIRC. Not good for bathing and was not the best drinking water either.

The Colorado picks up minerals through the Red Rock country, as it goes through the Paradox basin (salt), Gypsum from deposits in Canyonlands NP, and of course the Red Rock gives it the calcium carbonate that binds the sandstone together. There is also a little radioactive run off - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moab_uranium_mill_tailings_pile

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Jeff RankertAnn Arbor Brewers GuildAHA Governing Committee BJCP NationalHome-brewing, not just a hobby, it is a lifestyle!

I can tell that Stone's water is higher in sodium, but also thought the sulfate would be higher. I think the thing my IPA's have been missing is sulfate...I tend to not go much above 100ppm. I should actually try 150-200ppm in a recipe I know and see if it makes the hops "pop" a little more. Thoughts?

The Colorado River water quality is not too good for brewing. Ask any Las Vegan or Los Angeleno. Diluting with RO is a reasonable alternative.

Really? I remember the last time or two I was in Vegas I tasted the water and thought it actually had a decent enough taste that it could be used for brewing, unlike the hard and heavily chlorinated water here in Dallas.

The Colorado River water quality is not too good for brewing. Ask any Las Vegan or Los Angeleno. Diluting with RO is a reasonable alternative.

Really? I remember the last time or two I was in Vegas I tasted the water and thought it actually had a decent enough taste that it could be used for brewing, unlike the hard and heavily chlorinated water here in Dallas.