- occurs when water molecules separate an ionic compound as it dissolves in water. The process takes place when the anion of the solute is attracted to the hydrogens in the water molecule and the cation of the solute is attracted to the oxygen in the water

When potassium chloride dissociates in water, the potassium ion is attracted to the oxygen of the water molecule and the chloride is attracted to the hydrogens.

- the negatively charged particle in an atom. Compared to the proton and neutron, the mass of an electron is negligible. The electrons occupy the electron cloud, which constitutes a majority of the atom's volume, and surrounds the nucleus.

If a particle has no charge, then the number of protons and electrons are equal.

joining (fusing) of small nuclei into a larger nucleus, accompanied by the release of energy. Fusion reactions are not easily reproducible on Earth due to the extreme temperatures required, yet it is the reaction that powers the sun and stars of the universe.

- is formed when one element of low electronegativity gives electron(s) to an element of high electronegativity. They are also formed by the positive/negative attraction between polyatomic cations/metals and polyatomic anions/nonmetals.

Since there is a large difference between the electronegativity of strontium and chlorine, strontium will give electrons to chlorine and form an ionic bond.

- the state of matter in which particles are most compact. Individual particles may vibrate in place, and It is impossible for particles to move around each other. Solids have a definite shape and definite volume.

The particles in a solid are so compact that the most dense substances known are all solids.

Due to their short wavelengths, X-rays have the ability to penetrate matter.

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