Stocks finished broadly lower Monday, with the Dow hitting a one-month low, as the government shutdown dragged for a second week and as investors grew worried that lawmakers may not be able to increase the debt ceiling, potentially leading to a default.

"People are not going to be driven over a state of panic over this [gridlock]," said Keith Bliss, senior vice president at Cuttone & Co. "We've seen an orderly pullout in the market—and some sort of deal will eventually get done."

Still, as the government shutdown entered into a second week with no clear resolution in sight, investors remained nervous as the Oct. 17 deadline to raise the nation's borrowing limit loomed closer.

On Sunday, Treasury Secretary Jack Lew said that Congress was "playing with fire," and warned the U.S. could default in just over a week.

Republican House Speaker John Boehner warned he did not have a sufficient majority to pass legislation on raising the $16.7 trillion borrowing limit without spending cut conditions attached. Speaking to ABC television over the weekend, he added that the U.S. was on the path to a credit default.

However, the chief executive of credit rating agency Moody's Investors Service ruled out the prospect of a default, even if an agreement on the debt ceiling is not reached next month.

"It is unlikely that we go past October 17 and fail to raise the debt ceiling, but even if that does happen, then we think that the U.S. Treasury is still going to pay on those Treasury securities," Moody's CEO Raymond McDaniel told CNBC.

"We started out with great anxiety—the weekend brought a bit more venom and vitriol...But now we haven't had any heads popping up on the TV screen and pointing at one another and making harsh claims," said Art Cashin, director of floor operations at UBS Financial Services. "And people are beginning to analyze a little bit better what the situation is—that on the 17th, we don't necessarily see the Capitol dome turn into a pumpkin."

This week, the shutdown is likely to continue to disrupt the flow of official economic data, meaning third-quarter earnings may garner extra attention as a means of gauging the state of the recovery.

On the economic front, consumer credit rose by $13.63 billion in August to $3.04 trillion, according to Federal Reserve data. Economists polled by Reuters had expected consumer credit to rise $12 billion after a previously reported $10.44 billion increase in July.

For the third-quarter, S&P 500 earnings are expected to increase 3.12 percent year-over-year, according to the latest data from S&P Capital IQ.

Apple ticked higher after Jefferies upgraded the tech giant's stock to "buy" from "hold." Separately, All ThingsD reports the SEC has ended an investigation into Apple's overseas cash and tax practices without taking any action.

BlackBerry jumped after Reuters reported Friday, that the troubled smartphone maker is talking to Cisco, Google and SAP about selling all or parts of the company, citing sources familiar with the matter In addition, Macquarie upgraded its rating on the company to "neutral" from "underperform."