The purpose of this paper is to consider the role that trade plays in food and nutrition security
in South Africa. Despite an established commercial food system, South Africans experience high
levels of food and nutrition insecurity – both under-nutrition and rising rates of diet-related
non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This paper considers three dimensions of food security – availability, access and nutrition – and unpacks the role of trade across these dimensions at policy level and in practice in sugar and poultry, two key commodities in the food basket of resource-poor South African households. The paper starts with an overview of the global trade regime within which South Africa operates. It then looks at how trade is situated in current agricultural, food and nutrition
security policy, with an overview of agro-food trade in South Africa and trends over the past
decade. The core of the paper focuses on sugar and poultry, for more detailed investigation,
providing an overview of: commodity specific trade and regulatory regimes; trade and
production impacts on availability; employment and livelihoods in relation to trade dynamics;
trade impacts on nutrition and health in the specific commodities; and reflections on the role of
trade in these selected commodities.