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Plymouth was surveyed in 1835 by United States Engineers. One of whom was named Mullet, and the Mullet river was subsequently named after him. The first land sold to a private party was sold to an Englishman named John Law who had emigrated from London. It was sold to Law on August 13, 1836. The next sale was to another Englishman, also from London, named Thomas Margrave. Settlers continued trickling in and the town was organized on April 3, 1849.[6] In the 1840s there was a group of immigrants who arrived from Tioga County, Pennsylvania. Their ancestors had moved to that area from New England shortly after the American Revolution. A large family with the last name Thorpe arrived from Hartford, Connecticut, they were a large family and their farms would become very successful in the Sheboygan area. They were of old New England ancestry. These immigrants being the original pool of settlers in Plymouth gave the region much cultural continuity with New England.[7] In reference to New England the town was named Plymouth, after Plymouth, Massachusetts where the English Pilgrims landed in 1620.[8]

As of 2000 the median age in the city was 40.8 years. 24.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.9% were from 25 to 44; 27.3% were from 45 to 64; and 17.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.

As of the census[3] of 2010, there were 8,445 people, 3,710 households, and 2,253 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,605.5 inhabitants per square mile (619.9/km2). There were 4,039 housing units at an average density of 767.9 per square mile (296.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.2% White, 0.4% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.9% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population.

There were 3,710 households of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.3% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.91.

The median age in the city was 40.8 years. 24.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.9% were from 25 to 44; 27.3% were from 45 to 64; and 17.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.

A large Holstein cow named Antoinette is a local landmark. Erected in 1977 during the city's centennial celebration, it stands 20 feet (6.1 m) high and weighs over 1,000 pounds (450 kg).[12] The monument observes the robust dairy industry in the area. Plymouth's Historic Mill Street is the center of all town activity.