What's behind Turkey's harrowing cocktail of terror

By Ed Husain

Updated 6:57 AM ET, Fri July 1, 2016

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Photos:Istanbul airport attacked

People flee the scene of a terror attack at Istanbul's Ataturk airport on Tuesday, June 28. Three terrorists armed with bombs and guns attacked the main international terminal, opening fire and eventually detonating their devices.

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Investigators remove a body after the attack.

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Police investigators work inside the airport.

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Turkish special forces secure an area of the airport after the attack.

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A wounded girl is taken to a hospital in Istanbul.

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A Turkish police officer directs a passenger at the airport.

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Travelers embrace outside the airport.

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One of the bombs was located just outside the international terminal on the pavement, Turkish Justice Minister Bekir Bozdag told CNN. Another was at the security gate at the entrance to the airport.

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Children and their relatives embrace after reuniting outside the airport.

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A police officer sets up a security perimeter.

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People stand outside the airport after the attack.

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A wounded woman talks on the phone following the attack.

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Passengers cry as they leave the airport.

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People on their phones wait with their luggage outside the airport.

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Workers clear glass debris on the day after the attack.

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Bullet holes are seen at the airport on Wednesday, June 29.

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A worker cleans blood from the upper walls of the international departure terminal.

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A police officer stands guard as a man walks at the airport a day after the attack.

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A woman cries in Istanbul on June 29.

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Security personnel scan passengers and employees at a checkpoint on June 29.

Story highlights

The country is at war on two fronts with extremists, both religious and political

He says governments, religious leaders in West and inside Muslim world must loudly, directly reject violent goals of the terrorists

Ed Husain is a senior advisor at the Centre on Religion & Geopolitics (CRG), a London-based think-tank. Followed him on Twitter: @Ed_Husain The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of the author.

(CNN)Like millions around the world, I grieve in solidarity with Turkey. A place that played a key part in my personal religious journey is suffering again -- this time in Islam's holiest month. Turkey, home of the majestic Blue Mosque, and resting place of the great Muslim love poet Mevlana Rumi, is now under monthly terror attacks.

The suicide bombings at Istanbul airport this week were only the latest.

Ed Husain

Denouncing the terrorism that has befallen Turkey is not a sufficient response to the depth of the challenge the country now faces. Too often, our headlines and concerns are only about the spilling of blood and the lives lost. Our enemies then exploit our shock to further advance their bids on a toll of dead bodies. We owe it to the dead and the living not to be cowed by terrorism and go deeper into the root causes of which the violence is a tragic symptom.

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There's a reason this is happening to Turkey. The country is at war on two fronts with extremists, both religious and political. The religious ideologues of ISIS and al Qaeda are more typical of the conflicts of this century, while the violent Marxists of the PKK (the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party) are a throwback to the previous one. Taken together they represent a massive threat to Turkey's future.

ISIS and al Qaeda, alongside the myriad of ideological affiliates, are sworn enemies of Turkey. They do not consider Turkey to be a sufficiently Muslim nation, abhor secularism, and despise Turkey's ties to the United States.

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Of the seven previous major terrorist attacks that have occurred inside Turkey this year, ISIS is responsible for two incidents. In January and March 2016, ISIS suicide bombers killed a total of 17 people in Istanbul's Sultanahmet Square and Istiklal Street and authorities believe they were ISIS related.

The remaining five attacks across the country in Ankara, Diyarbakir, and Midyat, which killed closed to 70 people, were believed to be carried out by the Kurdistan Freedom Falcons, or TAK, an offshoot of the PKK.

Who is responsible for killing almost 50 people this week, and wounding some 200? Turkey's Prime Minister Binali Yildirim suspects that this attack was the work of ISIS--and Turkish officials now say there is strong evidence that ISIS leadership was involved in the planning of the attack--but initially did not rule out the Turkish militants. Either group has yet to claim it. But both organizations seek to bring mortal harm to innocents in pursuit of political ends.

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European governments must tell the PKKthat they cannot carve out a Marxist homeland in the heart of the Middle East by forcefully taking territory from Syria, Iraq, Turkey and Iran. In a region riven by sectarian and jihadi conflict it is hard to imagine a more ludicrous and harmful political project--a relic from the last century.

In pursuit of this aim, they have killed over 40,000 Turkish nationals over three decades, including in terror attacks. Shamefully, they enjoy support in several European capitals, most prominently in Brussels. This kind of encouragement led to a British parliamentarian getting questioned in Turkey earlier this year. In contrast, the democratic Kurdish Regional Government in Iraq (KRG) rejects an alliance with the PKK and maintains excellent relations with Turkey.

We in the West must be forceful in supporting Turkey against the domestic insurgency it faces. Resounding silence and a reluctance to openly reject the nationalist separatist ideology serves only to ignore the cause of the terrorism.

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Just as the West must condemn and reject the aims of the PKK, so must Muslims in Turkey and elsewhere refuse the da'wah (or "call") from Islamists and jihadists in the Middle East.

ISIS is only an outcome of a widespread extremist theology that calls for a distorted version of literalist shariah to be made law of the land. ISIS seeks control of governments in Muslim countries. Muslim leaders in the Middle East cannot merely condemn ISIS' atrocities--while at the same time harboring sympathy for the trappings of an "Islamic State," such as, for example, the widespread condoning of sharia as state law.

And therein lies the problem. Mainstream Muslim scholars, such as the globally influential Shaikh Abdullah bin Bayyah, who reflect 1,400 years of Muslim learning, have repeatedly stated that a caliphate or an Islamic state is not a central aspect, or a pillar (rukn), of Islam.

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But the modern, politicized Islamist activists nonetheless seek their utopian "Islamic State." Why? Islamists do not depend on scripture, but street power. They hold sway at university campuses, teachers' unions, and oppose Israel and Arab dictatorships. That heady cocktail of control is currently more attractive than sober, serene scholarship.

The Muslim Brotherhood and other Islamists dream of this eventual "Islamic state" mostly through non-violence, but the jihadists have taken up arms and created ISIS. In its protection and consolidation, they undertake further violence against enemies.

Make no mistake about it: terrorism is on the increase globally and it is not random or accidental. There are determined political aspirations behind the men and women prepared to kill and be killed in the process to make their worldview supreme.

This is a battle of ideas.

But the solution is clear: To stop the violence, we must end the spread of their ideology by actively rejecting it wherever it raises its ugly head.

Ed Husain is a senior advisor at the Centre on Religion & Geopolitics (CRG), a London-based think-tank. Followed him on Twitter: @Ed_Husain The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of the author.