Ziad JarrahBorn on May 11, 1975, in Mazraa, Lebanon, Ziad Jarrah came from an afflu-ent family and attended private, Christian schools. Like Atta, Binalshibh, andShehhi, Jarrah aspired to pursue higher education in Germany. In April 1996,he and a cousin enrolled at a junior college in Greifswald, in northeastern Ger-many.There Jarrah met and became intimate with Aysel Senguen, the daugh-ter of Turkish immigrants, who was preparing to study dentistry.

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Even with the benefit of hindsight, Jarrah hardly seems a likely candidate

for becoming an Islamic extremist. Far from displaying radical beliefs when hefirst moved to Germany, he arrived with a reputation for knowing where tofind the best discos and beaches in Beirut, and in Greifswald was known toenjoy student parties and drinking beer. Although he continued to share anapartment in Greifswald with his cousin, Jarrah was mostly at Senguen's apart-ment.Witnesses interviewed by German authorities after 9/11, however, recallthat Jarrah started showing signs of radicalization as early as the end of 1996.After returning from a trip home to Lebanon, Jarrah started living more strictlyaccording to the Koran. He read brochures in Arabic about jihad, held forth tofriends on the subject of holy war, and professed disaffection with his previouslife and a desire not to leave the world "in a natural way."

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In September 1997, Jarrah abruptly switched his intended course of study

from dentistry to aircraft engineering--at the Technical University ofHamburg-Harburg. His motivation for this decision remains unclear. Therationale he expressed to Senguen--that he had been interested in aviationsince playing with toy airplanes as a child--rings somewhat hollow. In anyevent, Jarrah appears already to have had Hamburg contacts by this time, someof whom may have played a role in steering him toward Islamic extremism.

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Following his move to Hamburg that fall, he began visiting Senguen in

Greifswald on weekends, until she moved to the German city of Bochum oneyear later to enroll in dental school.Around the same time, he began speakingincreasingly about religion, and his visits to Senguen became less and less fre-quent. He began criticizing her for not being religious enough and for dress-ing too provocatively. He grew a full beard and started praying regularly. Herefused to introduce her to his Hamburg friends because, he told her, they werereligious Muslims and her refusal to become more observant embarrassed him.At some point in 1999, Jarrah told Senguen that he was planning to wage ajihad because there was no greater honor than to die for Allah. Although Jar-rah's transformation generated numerous quarrels, their breakups invariablywere followed by reconciliation.

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Forming a CellIn Hamburg, Jarrah had a succession of living accommodations, but he appar-ently never resided with his future co-conspirators. It is not clear how andwhen he became part of Atta's circle. He became particularly friendly withBinalshibh after meeting him at the Quds mosque in Hamburg, which Jarrah