13 Planta Ford / Planta Ford INEGI, la estructura productiva de Sonora está compuesta por 55% de servicios; 41% de manufactura y el resto del sector primario. Entonces este 41% hace de Sonora un Estado no necesariamente primario, sino uno industrializado y usualmente, el sector que más vínculos tiene con la economía norteamericana, es el manufacturero. Esto apunta a suponer que la economía de Sonora tendrá un desempeño bastante adecuado en Sin embargo, añadió, la economía nacional no vive sus mejores momentos: En 2013 apenas se creció 1%; en 2014, 2% y aunque la SHCP había anunciado un crecimiento superior al 3.5%, los pronósticos ya van a la baja. El motivo principal, explicó, es la baja en los precios del petróleo, lo cual provoca que Hacienda reduzca y ajuste el gasto público. Esto influye en la evolución y desempeño de la economía de todo el país; hay sensación de cierto pesimismo cuando se anuncian estos recortes, principalmente porque se detienen o suspenden proyectos o inversiones. Esto es multiplicador porque se trasmina al resto de la economía; llega a las regiones, entidades y a los sectores económicos, por ejemplo el de la construcción, señaló. Álvaro Bracamontes es doctor en Ciencias Económicas, por la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Es profesor-investigador titular de El Colegio de Sonora desde 1995 y miembro del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores. Actualmente es integrante del Comité Directivo del Consejo Mexicano de Ciencias Sociales (Comecso) y de la junta directiva del Consejo Estatal de Ciencia y Tecnología (Coecyt) del Estado de Sonora. The United States is on the Rise We believe that the success of the US economy is directly tied to our own success, assured Dr. Bracamontes. This is because the regional economy is oriented towards satisfying the needs of its American clients. Therefore, if the US economy is doing well, Sonoran economy is also good. A large part of our structure is oriented towards the American market. The most dynamic sectors are: Automotive and aerospace industries; the fact that some manufacturing companies installed in the region are subsidiaries of American parent companies; agriculture and mining sectors; and shrimp and livestock industries. Dr. Bracamontes said that according to information from INEGI, the productive structures of Sonora are comprised by services, 55%, and manufacture, 41%; and the rest belongs to the primary sector. Thus, this 41% makes of Sonora an industrialized state, and usually, the manufacturing sector is the one with more connection to the American economy. The above indicates that the economy of Sonora will have a considerable good performance. However, Dr. Bracamontes said that the national economy is not experiencing the best of times, since in 2013 it barely grew 1%, and in 2014, 2%; and although the SHCP had announced a growth higher than 3.5%, it seems this forecast has a tendency to fall. The main reason, he explained, is the fall in oil prices, which causes reduction and adjustments of expenditures made by the Ministry of Finance. This influences the evolution and performance of the economy of the whole country. There is certain pessimism when these adjustments are announced, mainly because projects or investment are suspended or stopped. This exercises a multiplier effect because it spreads to the rest of the economy; it reaches other regions, states, and economic sectors, such as the construction sector, he said. Álvaro Bracamontes has a PhD in economic sciences from the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. He is senior professor and researcher at El Colegio de Sonora since 1995, and member of the National System of Researchers. Currently, he is a member of the Governing Council of the Mexican Board of Social Sciences (or Comecso) and of the State Council of Science and Technology (or Coecyt). Revista Bilingüe de la Industria de Exportación en Sonora 13

14 Análisis de la Economía / Analysis of the Economy Reporte México Cómo Vamos? : Sonora Reprobado Report México Cómo Vamos? : Sonora Had a Failing Score Por / By Redacción En el reporte de México Cómo Vamos?, publicado el pasado 11 de febrero de 2015, Sonora aparece reprobado en el Ranking de Avance Económico de los Estados. En el documento Semáforos Económicos Estatales, se cita que La calificación final de los estados, también llamada Ranking de Avance Económico de los Estados, fue construida con base al cambio que tuvieron los indicadores en el período evaluado con respecto al mismo período del año anterior. Cada variable de este ejercicio fue escogida por el panel de expertos en economía y política pública de México Cómo Vamos?, debido a su relevancia y solidez metodológica. Los indicadores analizados son: Crecimiento económico, empleo formal, productividad, pobreza laboral, exportaciones, desigualdad, estado de derecho, deuda pública, diversificación laboral e informalidad. Sonora tiene resultados negativos, es decir puntos rojos, en los siguientes indicadores: Crecimiento negativo de la economía de -2.9%, en el tercer trimestre de Robos de auto por cada 100 mil habitantes, pasó de 151 a 156. La deuda como porcentaje del PIB, aumentó del 4% al 4.3%. La desigualdad de ingreso, incrementó de a Pesos producidos por hora trabajada, disminuyó de $ 890 a $ 751. Población que no pueda adquirir canasta alimentaria con su ingreso salarial, aumentó de 29.3% a 31.8%. Aparece también que se redujo el comercio informal de 43.9% a 41%, sin embargo, los empleos que dependen del Gobierno del Estado aumentaron de 4.1% a 4.6%. La calificación final para Sonora fue de 30 puntos, que lo ubica en evaluación reprobatoria. De acuerdo a datos del IMSS, se incrementó en 1.9% el registro de empleos ante esa dependencia en Sonora en 2014; sin embargo, el crecimiento poblacional estimado es de 2.2%, por lo cual el resultado final no es satisfactorio, ya que el aumento en empleos no responde a las necesidades que surgen del crecimiento poblacional. De acuerdo al presidente de Index Hermosillo, Ing. Álvaro Vallejo Almada, 2015 será un año complicado, ya que se tendrá una combinación muy interesante, venimos de un año de poco crecimiento económico y llegamos a un año de elecciones, aunado con un nerviosismo en el ambiente laboral, por lo que es de suma importancia buscar y/o generar estrategias de apoyo al crecimiento de nuestro Estado y trabajar para una tranquila transición de Gobierno. *Para ver al detalle estos datos, consultar la página: mexicocomovamos.mx/documento-hay-un-mexico-que-crece-dondeesta-semaforos-economicos-estatales/. In the report México Cómo Vamos?, published on February 11, 2015, Sonora did not pass the Ranking of Economic Advance of the States. The document State Economic Stoplights quotes that the final score for the states, also known as Ranking of Economic Advance of the States, was built on the basis of the change that the indicators had during the period of time that was evaluated, with respect to the same period of time of the previous year. Every variable of this exercise was chosen by a panel of experts in economy and public policies of México Cómo Vamos?, due to its relevance and methodology soundness. The indicators are: Economic growth, formal employment, productivity, working poverty, exports, inequality, rule of law, public debt, work diversification and labor informality. Sonora showed negative results, that is, red points, in the following indicators: Negative economic growth of -2.9%, in the third quarter of 2014; Car theft per every 100,000 inhabitants rose from 151 to 156; Public debt increased as a percentage of GDP from 4% to 4.3%; Income inequality increased from to Pesos produced per hour worked decreased from $890 to $751. Economically active population that cannot earn enough to purchase a food basket increased from 29.3% to 31.8%. Additionally, informal trade was reduced from 43.9% to 41%; however, jobs that depend on the state government increased from 4.1% to 4.6%. Since the final score for Sonora was 30 points, in the evaluation Sonora had a failing score. According to data from IMSS, in Sonora, in 2014, the registration of jobs before this institution increased 1.9%; however, the estimated population increase was 2.2%, thus, the final result is not satisfactory, since the increase in jobs fails to respond to the needs as a result of the population s growth. According to the President of Index Hermosillo, Álvaro Vallejo Almada, BSc., 2015 will be a complicated year since we are going to have an interesting combination, that is, we come from a year with little economic growth to pass to an electoral year, alongside a tense working environment. So is of the utmost importance to look for and/or generate strategies to support the growth of our state and actively seek to work for a smooth government transition. *To see these data with more detail see: mx/documento-hay-un-mexico-que-crece-donde-esta-semaforoseconomicos-estatales/. 14 MAQUILASON

15 Crean Fundación Lazos Ciudadanos por la Seguridad Foundation Created Lazos Ciudadanos por la Seguridad 1 Por / By Ana Fontes Noti Maquila Elementos de la Policía Estatal Investigadora (PEI) y sus familias, así como ministerios públicos, serán beneficiados con prestaciones sociales como becas y apoyos para servicios médicos, gracias a la fundación Lazos ciudadanos por la seguridad. El empresario Juan Carlos Solís, presidente de dicha fundación, dijo que ésta fue creada por el sector empresarial de Hermosillo, en coordinación con el Gobierno del Estado y cuenta con un fondo inicial de 12 millones de pesos, aunque actualmente están buscando incrementarlo. Explicó que ya se trabaja en el marco legal, mediante el cual se regirá la forma y el tiempo en el que se entregarán los apoyos. Se busca que tengan una mejor calidad de vida. Que ellos se sientan más protegidos; que sepan que forman parte de la sociedad. Estas prestaciones que nos activan y nos dan, como personas, una seguridad y tranquilidad. Juan Carlos Solís añadió que este esfuerzo no es nuevo, ya que en el pasado también se buscó blindar a las fuerzas policiacas con mejores prestaciones, sin embargo, muchos de esos intentos no funcionaron. Es muy interesante la sumatoria que hemos logrado. El terreno estaba listo para sembrar la semilla; todavía hay mucho por hacer; hay situaciones de la fundación que tenemos que señalar y regir; no queremos quedarnos ni cortos ni largos en nuestros esfuerzos; hay que buscar el marco legal y en eso estamos trabajando. La fundación Lazos ciudadanos por la seguridad está conformada además por su vicepresidente Miguel Mágalo Figueroa y en la Tesorería, Octavio Sánchez, además de asociaciones civiles, empresarios de la región, miembros de las cámaras empresariales, etc.. He explained that, currently, the legal framework is being reviewed, in order to provide such support timely and appropriately. The aim is to achieve better quality of life for the citizens. For them to feel safer and be sure that they are part of the society. Such fringe benefits give us, as individuals, security and tranquility. Juan Carlos Solis added that this effort is not new, since in the past it has also been tried to armor the police forces with better fringe benefits, although many of such attempts did not work. Nowadays, the summative action that we have achieved is very interesting. The land was ready for us to sow on it, although there is still much to do. There are situations about the Foundation that we have to point out and regulate. Moreover, we do not want to fall short in our efforts and we know we need a legal framework, therefore we are working on finding the right one. The Foundation Lazos Ciudadanos por la Seguridad is also integrated by its Vice-President Miguel Magalo Figueroa and its Treasurer Octavio Sanchez, aside of civil associations, regional business people, members of business chambers, etc. 1 Citizens Bonds for Security Members of the Investigative State Police (PEI) and their families, as well as the public prosecution service, will be benefited with fringe benefits such as scholarships and support for medical services, thanks to the Foundation Lazos Ciudadanos por la Seguridad. The entrepreneur Juan Carlos Solis, President of such Foundation, said that it was created by the business sector of Hermosillo, in coordination with the State Government, and counts with an initial fund of 12 million pesos, although they are currently in search of increasing such fund. Revista Bilingüe de la Industria de Exportación en Sonora 15

17 Fiscal Postura de SHCP En la pasada 41 Convención Nacional de Index, realizada en el Distrito Federal, el secretario de Hacienda, Luis Videgaray, se refirió a este tema. A continuación, un extracto de su discurso: particularmente me quiero referir a un proceso que surge del diálogo y que hoy podemos confirmar que es un éxito: La certificación de las empresas maquiladoras y exportadoras. Desde años antes de la iniciativa de Reforma Hacendaria, una de las observaciones más consistentes de crítica a nuestro sistema fiscal... era el creciente abuso del sistema de exención del IVA para las empresas maquiladoras; particularmente el abuso por parte de empresas que en realidad no eran maquiladoras y que encontraban en esta facilidad un vehículo para importar mercancías e insumos sin pagar el IVA, pero ya no para exportarlas con valor agregado, sino simplemente para competir en el mercado doméstico, dañando por lo tanto y de manera muy importante a la industria nacional. Este problema lo teníamos que corregir el esquema de certificación es un apoyo dirigido a la industria manufacturera de exportación; a las maquiladoras basado en la confianza en el cumplimiento de la ley, en la formalidad y en la convicción. A la fecha, los resultados son alentadores y gracias a Index en el diseño del sistema de certificación, hemos tenido una participación muy destacada de todos ustedes, también de la industria automotriz. Permítanme compartirles algunas cifras: Al día 19 de noviembre de 2014, hemos recibido solicitudes de 3,261 empresas que representan el 95% de las importaciones temporales. A la fecha, ya 1,557 empresas cuentan con su certificado, lo que representa el 75% del valor de las importaciones temporales y proyectamos que hacia el cierre de año rebasaremos las 2,800 empresas certificadas, lo que nos dará una certificación de más del 85% de las importaciones temporales que ingresan al país, aseguró Videgaray. tax system... was the growing abuse of the VAT exemption for manufacturing companies, particularly the abuse from companies that were not really manufacturing companies that used this facility as a means for importing goods and supplies without paying the corresponding VAT, but not to export them with added value, but simply to compete within the domestic market, thus damaging the domestic industry in a very significant way. This was an issue that we had to correct, that is, the certification scheme which is a support aimed to the export manufacturing industry, based on trust, in law enforcement in formality, and conviction. To this date, the results are encouraging and through the participation of Index in the design of the certification system, we have had a very outstanding participation of all of you, also from the automotive industry. Let me share some numbers: Mr. Videgaray said that by 9th November 2014, we received 3,261 applications of companies, which represent 95% of temporary imports. To this date, there are already 1,557 companies certified, which represent 75% of the value of the temporary imports, and we are projecting that by the year end there will be more than 2,800 certified companies, which will give us a certification of more than 85% of temporary imports entering the country. Sources: Index Nacional and SHCP. Fuentes: Index Nacional y SHCP. Position of SHCP In the past 41 Index National Convention, held in Mexico City on November 2014, the Finance Minister, Mr. Luis Videgaray, addressed this issue. The following is an excerpt from his speech:... I am referring particularly to a process that emerged from dialogue and we can now confirm that it is a success: The certification of manufacturing and exporters. Years before the Tax Reform Initiative, one of the most consistent criticism towards our Revista Bilingüe de la Industria de Exportación en Sonora 17

18 Vinculación / Relationship Imparte Conferencia sobre Reforma Fiscal Conference on Tax Reform Por / By Ana Fontes L a aplicación de la Reforma Fiscal, a partir del pasado 1 de enero de 2015, ha causado incertidumbre, dudas y desconocimiento por parte de los empresarios y particulares contribuyentes, por tal motivo, el C.P.C. Rodolfo León Fuentes, del Despacho Contable León y Paniagua, ofreció una conferencia en Los Lagos. Al evento acudieron alrededor de 300 empresarios, contadores, administradores y personas interesadas en conocer al detalle, las implicaciones de la nueva reglamentación fiscal. Durante el evento se aclararon dudas; hay desconocimiento y por tal motivo, incertidumbre sobre la utilización que la autoridad fiscal le dará a la información; aunque está establecido el uso de dicha información en las leyes fiscales, de todas formas, al particular le causa ansiedad el poder ser hostigado y requerido, dijo el Contador León. Explicó que derivado de las declaraciones mensuales que el contribuyente realiza a partir de este año, la autoridad está facultada para requerirlo, por consiguiente es un riesgo que mensualmente le estén requiriendo información; es una situación de incertidumbre que se puede convertir en una molestia. Sin embargo, añadió el C.P.C. León, ésta es la naturaleza de dicha línea de trabajo y son los riesgos de ser empresario. Esto implica un entendimiento del empresario de que pagar impuestos va a ser una cultura en la que hay que involucrarse, que el riesgo de no pagarlos va a ser muy alto y será fácilmente detectable. Ahora será importante, señaló, que la sociedad voltee sus ojos hacia la aplicación del gasto público, si por una parte tenemos que contribuir, ahora tenemos el derecho de exigir saber en qué se gasta ese dinero. A las entidades públicas no se les ha fiscalizado con el mismo énfasis que se les está fiscalizando a los particulares. El taller del Despacho Contable León y Paniagua, se replicó en Nogales y Ciudad Obregón. Durante muchos años hemos dado esta plática, dado el interés que despierta en la comunidad de negocios y en el área profesional de la contabilidad fiscal, el tema de los impuestos. The implementation of the tax reform as of January 1, 2015, has caused uncertainty, doubt, and misunderstanding from business people and taxpayers in general. For that reason, the Public Accountant Rodolfo Fuentes Leon from the Accounting Firm León y Paniagua held a conference in Los Lagos. The event was attended by about 300 people including business people, accountants, administrators, and general public interested in knowing the details and implications of the new tax regulations. Durante muchos años hemos dado esta plática, dado el interés que despierta en la comunidad de negocios y en el área profesional de la contabilidad fiscal, el tema de los impuestos. For many years we have been given this conference, due to the interest shown by the business community and professional tax accounting area. During the event doubts were clarified; there are misunderstandings and therefore uncertainty about the use that the tax authority will give to the information. Although, the use of such information is established in the tax laws, people are anxious by the possibility of being harassed and required by the tax authorities, Mr. Leon mentioned. He explained that due to the monthly tax declarations that the taxpayer must file as of this year, the tax authority is empowered to require and, therefore, there is the possibility that information will be requested from you on a monthly basis. This is a situation of uncertainty that can become a nuisance. However, Mr. Leon said that this is the nature of this line of work and the risks associated to being a business person. This implies that the employer must understand that paying taxes is going to be a culture in which they have to be involved, and that the risks associated with not paying taxes will be very high and will be easily detectable. Nowadays, it is important that society notice how the public expenditure is applied. If we have to pay taxes, then we have the right to know how that money is spent. We know that public entities are not being monitored with the same emphasis that individuals in general. The workshop from the Accounting Firm Leon and Paniagua was also offered in Nogales and Ciudad Obregon. For many years we have been given this conference, due to the interest shown by the business community and professional tax accounting area. 18 MAQUILASON

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