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Using aromatherapy in labour and birth

How oils work, when to use them and which are recommended for labour and birth

What is aromatherapy and how does it work?Aromatherapy involves the use of plant oils, usually in the form of essential oils, to enhance physical and mental well-being. Oils can be used directly on the body in a carrier oil, for example in the form of massage, and are often used with an oil burner or vaporiser so that the scent is carried in the air.

Different oils have different effects on the senses. If you have previously used aromatherapy, or used the scents of lemon and ginger to counteract morning sickness earlier in pregnancy - or lavender to help you sleep, then you will already have an idea of the impact oils can have.

Numerous oils may be beneficial during labour to help relieve stress, relax, act as a uterine tonic, stimulate circulation and so on. If you have any doubt as to the potency of essential oils then remember that doctors caution against the use of certain oils during pregnancy itself, usually because of possible effects they may have on the uterus. At its most basic, aromatherapy will clear the hospital scent that so many people find unpleasant and unsettling.

When can I use aromatherapy?There's no technical reason for you not to be able to use aromatherapy at any stage of birth and labour. However, hospital policies may vary widely on what they allow or encourage in labour and delivery rooms, and if you're rushed off for a c-section you won't be taking the vaporiser with you.

It's increasingly common for hospitals to recognise the role aromatherapy can play in allowing a woman to set her own atmosphere for the labour, as well as helping her cope physically and mentally. If you're interested in using aromatherapy then do check what the hospital or birthing centre policy is - there may even be trained aromatherapists available to assist you in some places.

If you have a home birth then you will have complete freedom as to whether and how you use aromatherapy.

You will most likely benefit from using different oils, or different combinations of oils, at different stages in your labour as your physical and emotional needs change.

What oils are recommended for use in labour and birth?If you're considering using aromatherapy for assistance during labour and birth then it is well worth consulting a trained aromatherapist for advice and guidance. The support of your birthing partner will also be essential as you will have other things on your mind during labour than choosing what oil you need.

The following are some oils that you may find useful:

Lavender - You may already be familiar with lavender as a means of promoting a good night's sleep. The scent is well-known to aid relaxation and promote calm. The oil is also a painkiller that stimulates circulation and healing and may strengthen contractions

Clary sage - One of the oils that you should avoid during pregnancy itself, clary sage can strengthen contractions during labour. It's also a great oil for lifting your spirits and reducing anxiety, but it's not recommended for use if you are using gas and air

Neroli - Calms and reassures as well as helping relax. Is also a powerful anti-depressant

Jasmine - Acts as a uterine tonic, painkiller and anti-spasmodic. Also known to strengthen contractions and can be used in a compress to aid delivery of the placenta

Rose - Is a uterine tonic and anti-depressant

Geranium - Helps breathing and boost the circulation

Marjoram - A uterine tonic that also aids breathing and can help to lower blood pressure. It is also an effective pain reliever and antispasmodic

Concentrations

If you're using an oil burner or vaporiser then use several drops of oil in the water. You can combine two or three oils in combination, but it's best not to use more than four. If you need a strong boost with a particular oil then your birth partner can put a couple of drops on a hanky for you to hold close to your nose and inhale.

If you're using the oils for massage then use 20 drops of oil per 100ml of carrier oil that you use. There are several carrier oils to choose from: sweet almond oil, grapeseed oil, jojoba, wheatgerm and olive oil are good examples. If you have a nut allergy then steer clear of nut-derived oils. You may prefer the light scent of one carrier oil to another, so it's a good idea to experiment ahead of time.