terms for final exam

8
Pages

136
Views

Unlock Document

School

University of Toronto Scarborough

Department

Political Science

Course

POLD89H3

Professor

Waldemar Skrobacki

Semester

Fall

Description

1. Association of Southeast Asian nations (ASEAN) - is a geo political and economic organization of 10 countries located in South East Asia which formed in 1967. It aims to accelerate economic growth, social progress cultural development, protection of peace and stability among its members which include Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia and Vietnam. 2. Bretton Woods System a system of monetary management which established the rules for commercial th ,31L3,3.L,O70O,9L438,243J9K0Z47O82,M47L3:897L,O89,908L3 the mid 20 century. It was the first example of a fully negotiated monetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states. It was created when 730 delegates from 44 allied nations met at the Mount Washington hotel in Bretton Woods New Hampshire with the purpose of rebuilding the international economic system after WW2. They set up a system of rules, institutions and procedures to regulate the international economy including the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development, the IMF and the WB. 3. Cold War - (19451991) was the continuing state of political conflict, military tension, and economic competition existing after World War II (19391945), primarily between the USSR and its satellite states, and the powers of the Western world, including the United States. Although the primary participants military forces never officially clashed directly, they expressed the conflict through military coalitions, strategic conventional force deployments, a nuclear arms race, espionage, proxy wars, propaganda, and technological competition, e.g. the Space Race. Despite being allies against the Axis powers, the USSR, the US, the United Kingdom and France disagreed during and after World War II, especially about the configuration of the post-war world. At warsend, they occupied most of Europe, with the US and USSR the most powerful military forces. The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc with the eastern European countries it occupied, annexing some as Soviet Socialist Republics and maintaining others as satellite states, some of which were later consolidated as the Warsaw Pact (19551991). The US and some western European countries established containment of communism as a defensive policy, establishing alliances (e.g. NATO, 1949) to that end. Several such countries also coordinated the rebuilding of Western Europe, especially western Germany, which the USSR opposed. Elsewhere, in Latin America and Southeast Asia, the USSR fostered communist revolutions, opposed by several western countries and their regional allies; some they attempted to roll back, with mixed results. Some countries aligned with NATO and the Warsaw Pact, yet non-aligned country blocs also emerged. In the 1980s, the United States increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressures against the USSR, which had already suffered severe economic stagnation. Thereafter, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the liberalizing reforms of perestroika (reconstruction, reorganization, 1987) and glasnost (openness, ca. 1985). The Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, leaving the United States as the dominant military power, and Russia possessing most of the Soviet Unions nuclear arsenal. 4. Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) - a. The creation of a common agricultural policy was proposed in 1960 by the European Commission. It followed the signing of the Treaty of Rome in 1957, which established the Common Market. b. CAP is a system of European Union agricultural subsidies and programs. It represents about 44% 419K0&8-:J09 c. The six member states individually strongly intervened in their agricultural sectors, in particular with regard to what was produced, maintaining prices for goods and how farming was organized. d. Its main objectives are: 1) To increase productivity, by promoting technical progress and ensuring the optimum use of the factors of production, in particular labor; 2) To ensure a fair standard of living for the agricultural Community; 3) To stabilize markets; 4) To secure availability of supplies; 5) To provide consumers with food at reasonable prices. 5. Cosmopolitanism - a. Argue that morality is universal: a truly moral rulecode is applicable to everyone. b. The idea that humans should be considered as a single moral community with some rules that applies to everyone. c. The ultimate source of meaning and value in human life resides in the individual (or God). d. Argue that despite this division of humanity into separate communities it is possible to identify with and have a moral concern for humanity. e. Humanity = single moral community and includes: There are no good reasons for ruling any person out of ethical consideration; definition of the obligations and rules that govern the universal community www.notesolution.com