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Contents

Emergence

In 1917, the famine, a series of military defeats, and dissatisfaction with the authorities led to the overthrow of the monarchy. It was created by the Provisional Government of the liberals and moderate socialists (Mensheviks and Right Socialist-Revolutionaries). However, in late 1917 the far left socialist- Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional Government, disbanded the Constituent Assembly and declared Russia a socialist federal republic. Also was signed "shameful" Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty with Germany

Began self-organization of the anti-Bolshevik forces. Ukraine became independent, in the Southern Russia began revolt against the Bolsheviks raised the Cossacks and the generals, in Siberia and the Urals, came to power Komuch- government of right-wing socialists. The Bolsheviks defeated the White Army- anti-Bolshevik forces of Southern Russia, but under pressure from the Entente, were forced to negotiate with the Ukrainian and other separatists, and also with Komuch

By agreement of the Bolsheviks with the Entente, separatists and Komuch, Russia recognized the independence of the Baltic and the Caucasus, and Ukraine. Also going to the new Constituent Assembly to form a compromise government of Russia

Board of the Left SRs

Defeated in the elections the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, far left-wing party, at one time allied to the Bolsheviks, but then quarreled with them. The government formed socialists parties (SRs, the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks). Nationalized industry, the land was divided into personal ownership of the peasants. Russia's first president was Mary Spiridonova (1920-1923 years). Russia, using the Polish-German war, defeated the Polish and Russian forced her to cede the entire Belarus

However (in 1921) in Kronstadt was suppressed Bolshevik uprising, after which the Bolsheviks have been banned. Also started terrible famine in the Volga region. To stop it, the government asked for help from Western countries, and also resorted to confiscations of grain in more affluent areas, and church property. This increased the discontent of the peasants as well as right-wing nationalists, the Right SRs and the Cadets

Board of the Right SRs

In 1923 started a rebellion Right SRs and the Cadets, demanding the abolition of confiscation of food from the peasants, the displacement of the Left SRs and the elimination of the socialist regime. A shift in the direction of the troops of General Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Spiridonov was killed. The Left SRs were banned, as previously Bolsheviks. The government formed the Nationalists, the Cadets and the right SRs. The next president was Victor Chernov, the former head of Komuch

Was proclaimed a policy of "market socialism" and "NEP." Part of the industry has been transferred to private dealers, requisitioning was abolished, there are many entrepreneurs ("Nepmen"). New system was unstable, in the 1924 General Tukhachevsky had to suppress the Bolshevik uprising in Petrograd, and in 1926 to fight with Japanese in Buryatia. In 1928, due to the fact that farmers overestimate the price of corn, in the cities begin famine. President Chernov resigned, came to power the nationalist Right SR Boris Savinkov. All parties except the Right Socialist-Revolutionaries, are prohibited. Savinkov set fixed prices for bread, and with the help of the army organized the seizure of grain, brutally suppressing the peasant revolt

In 1930, in Ukraine came to power right-wing nationalists, both in Turkestan separatists (Basmachi) began fighting for independence. In 1932 started Black Sea war between Ukraine and Russia over the disputed territory in 1933 Tukhachevsky was sent to suppress the rebellion of Basmachi. After the victory in the Turkistan Tukhachevsky, he was sent to wage war against Ukraine and in the lightning "Christmas offensive" to seize the Ukraine, dividing her with Poland and Hungary. Using this, Savinkov accusing Tukhachevsky "betraying the interests of Russia." The troops of Tukhachevsky captured Moscow and kill Savinkov

Russian Directory

Tuhachesky nominally retained the republic, but formed a "government", called the Russian director, head of which he was. The directory consists of militarists (approximate of Tukhachevsky) and switched on his side of the party functionaries- SRs. The ruling party was Party of National Revival. All farming was strictly subordinated to the state. With the help of the Anglo-American Investment Russian Republic has made a huge industrial spurt, especially in the defense industry. Have established a special four-year plans for economic development. Strikes and unions were banned, the ownership remained only for the entrepreneurs of Russian nationality. However, the hard-nationalist regime has not been established, for example, one of the main commanders of Russia became Iona Yakir, who is Jewish. Nevertheless, Russia has maintained close contacts with the fascist and dictatorial regimes of Portugal, Poland, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece

Coronation of Tukhachevsky

In 1938 a success first four-year plan, and Tukhachevsky with his retinue began to cherish plans for domination of Eurasia. Tukhachevsky was crowned as Emperor Michael 3rd (Michael 2nd was the brother of Nicholas II, renounced after him). At the same time, Russia continued to officially called the Russian republic. In addition, seriously improved relations with Germany and other socialist countries, signing with a nonaggression pact and economic cooperation. At the same time, Russian agents were deeply embedded in the government of Baltic and Caucasian border countries in the order of preparation for a future world war